bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Morphometric and Volumetric Measurements of Temporomandibular Joint Structures On Patients with Disc Displacement
Authors: Basaran Melike , Bozdemir Esin , Evrimler Sehnaz 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
To evaluate the morphometric and volumetric measurements of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) structures, of healthy, anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDWR) and anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWoR) joints using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Material and Methods:
Fifty-two TMJs of 38 patients with TMJ disorders and 26 TMJs of 13 healthy patients were evaluated on MRI images. The disc length and volume, the condylar height, width and volume, and the height and inclination of the articular eminence were measured on MRI. A one-way analysis of variance was used to establish the differences between the values with regard to the ADDWR, ADDWoR, and control groups. The differences in the disc volumes of each group with respect to open and closed mouth position statuses were evaluated using the Bonferroni test.

Results:
The articular disc mean volume was larger in the control group than the other two groups for both the closed and open mouth positions (P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the control group and the other two groups in terms of the condylar width and disc length (P = 0.00 and P = 0.001, respectively). The mean articular eminence inclination was the lowest in the ADDWoR group and the highest in the control group (P = 0.02).

Discussion and Conclusion:
Measurements of the disc volume, disc length, condylar width, and articular eminence inclination are associated with disc displacement (DD). Degenerative changes that may cause morphometric and volumetric changes in TMJ structures may be a marker of TMJ DD.
Breast Cancer Patients' Experiences of Psychological Distress, Hopelessness, and Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Oers Helena Van , Schlebusch Lourens 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer often result in significant psychological distress. However, the manner in which distress differentially affects patients with various forms of disease is less well researched. This study sought to examine the differences in the psychological experiences of patients diagnosed with breast cancer and those diagnosed with cancer in other sites with particular focus on stress, anxiety, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation (SI).

Materials and Methods:
Convenience sampling was used to select participants comprising female patients with breast cancer (n = 80) and female patients with other forms of disease (n = 80) in Durban, South Africa. The participants were all receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. These participants were asked to complete a questionnaire battery consisting of, inter alia, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Stress Symptom Checklist.

Results:
The results suggest that although the levels of depression between the two groups did not show any significant differences, breast cancer patients experienced notably higher levels of hopelessness and SI. Moreover, they expressed their stress through different responses, both in psychological and behavioral terms, which resemble the symptomatology present in anxiety.

Conclusions:
Breast cancer patients experience higher levels of hopelessness and SI as compared to patients with other forms of disease and express their stress by differing means. This study highlights for those professionals in health care, specifically those involved in oncology, the prevalence and the characteristics of this distress and the importance of identifying at-risk patients to further refer them for supportive therapy.
Mentorship in anesthesia
Authors: Bin Ghali Khalid N. , AlSubaie Abdullah T. , Nawab Azzam A. 
Published: April 2021

Context:
Mentorship is an integral part of the professional and academic growth; however, the position of mentorships in anesthesia is still yet to be understood. As an attempt to understand this phenomenon, we targeted Riyadh Anesthesiology residents and program directors to explore their perception of mentorship relationships.

Aims:
The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of mentorship in anesthesiology training and to assess the perspective of mentorship from anesthesiology residents.

Settings and Design:
This was a cross-sectional study.

Methods and Material:
We administered a 20-item validated cross-sectional survey to program directors and anesthesia residents to all Riyadh SCFHS anesthesiology departments. Residents were asked about their perceptions of barriers and benefits to effective mentoring.

Statistical Analysis Used:
IBM SPSS version 23 and Microsoft Office Excel version 2010.

Results:
Fifty anesthesiology residents and three program directors responded to our survey. The majority of residents agreed that mentorship was beneficial to the overall success as an anesthesiologist (36 of 50, 72%). Although all three program directors reported that a formal mentorship program is part of their residency program (3 of 3, 100%), only (25 of 50, 50%) responded with access to a mentor. Difficulties reported included lack of formalized meeting times, insufficient times with mentors, and mentor-mentee incompatibility.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, the study indicated the positive perspective and high principles to mentorship held by anesthesiology residents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It evidenced the beneficial, professional, and social impact that mentoring hails to the development of future anesthesiologists, and despite all that, it remains underutilized.
Gaps identification in Saudi anesthesia residency training during early time of pandemic
Authors: Bahaziq Wadeeah , Tayeb Baraa , Alzoraigi Usamah , Boker Abdulaziz 
Published: April 2021

Background:
COVID-19 pandemic was declared a worldwide crisis, as a response the community established new protocols and clinical pathways to prepare the health system in adapting to the expected surge of cases.

Objectives:
In this study, we aim to assess the effect of the pandemic on the anesthesia training program residents from their own view. Identification of gaps in training programs will help to overcome the challenge like pandemic in order to have competent anesthesia practitioners.

Methods:
We deployed an online survey in early May 2020 targeting the anesthesia residents in Saudi Arabia. We used mixed methods, containing both quantitative and qualitative questions. Our survey had 3 main sections: demographics, pandemic effect on the training, and pandemic effect on the trainees.

Results:
Our survey showed that in the first 2 months of the pandemic there was a vast decrease in educational activities and clinical activities. However, after that both the Saudi Commission for Health Speciality (SCFHS) and local hospitals employed alternative education methods like electronic learning and simulation to adopt these changes. We also found the average stress level among residents was 6.5 out of 10 with number one stressor is transmitting Covid-19 to family or self. Finally, Wellbeing resources were available to residents however were not used sufficiently by residents.

Conclusion:
During times of pandemic, assessment and gap identification in postgraduate training programs are necessary to help overcome challenges of training anesthesiologists. Other than the clinical competency residents' wellbeing needs to be monitored and make available resources easy to reach for the residents.
The status of medical malpractice litigations in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almannie Raed , Almuhaideb Mana , Alyami Fahad , Alkhayyal Abdullah , Binsaleh Saleh 
Published: April 2021

Context:
Medical malpractice is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Analyzing the current number of lawsuits and comparing it to previous years will help assess the status of medical malpractice litigations in Saudi Arabia.

Subjects and Methods:
A review and analysis of the annual statistics book of the Medico-Legal Committees (MLCs) in Saudi Arabia over the years (1437–1439 H) was conducted.

Results:
Over the 3-year study period, the total number of lawsuits was 3,684. The percentage of increase of malpractice lawsuits from 1437 until 1439 Hijri (2016–2018) was 26% (1,097–1,379 lawsuits). Obstetrics and Gynecology consistently had the highest number lawsuits compared to other specialties (25.6%), followed by dentistry (13.5%). Similarly, the rate of compensation after a lawsuit was highest in Obstetrics and Gynecology claims (62.7%), followed by dentistry (60%). The private healthcare sector consistently showed the highest number of lawsuits when compared to other healthcare providers, with a 73% increase over 3 years. The Ministry of Health showed an overall reduction in the number of lawsuits by 6.6% over the course of the study period.

Conclusions:
The number of lawsuits in Saudi Arabia is increasing rapidly. Understanding the reason for this is very important especially given the high rates of lawsuits for certain specialties and healthcare sectors. A root cause analysis cannot be conducted without a detailed reporting system for malpractice lawsuits; the development of which would help in research and the generation of solutions in this field.
Oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) for cirrhotic patients undergoing liver resection assessed by ultrasound measurement of rectus femoris and anterior tibialis muscles thickness. Randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ibrahim Eman S. , Houseni Mohamed 
Published: April 2021

Purpose:
We evaluated the effects of postoperative administration of (ONSs) on the liver function and the outcome of cirrhotic patients using ultrasound (US) assessment of rectus femoris (RF) and anterior tibialis (AT) muscles.

Patients and Methods:
Forty-three malnourished adult hepatic patients who underwent major liver resections were recruited in this study. In the conventional diet (CD) group, the patients took water at postoperative day (POD) 0 and routine soft diet starting from POD1. In the ONS group, a commercially elemental diet was started from POD1 for 7 days postoperatively, with a target endpoint of 35-40 kcal/kg and 1.2-1.5 g/kg of protein per day. US assessment of the RF and AT muscles was done preoperatively and at POD3 and 7, including anterior-posterior (AP) diameter, lateral–lateral (LL) diameter, and cross-sectional area (CSA). Muscles' echogenicity was defined by the Heckmatt scale. The outcome of the patients was also recorded.

Results:
Consumption of ONS preserved the measured RF and AT characteristics (AP and LL diameters and CSA) in the ONS group at POD3 and 7 compared to the CD group. Heckmatt scale was significantly increased at POD3 and 7 in the CD group compared to the ONS group. Both total protein and albumin levels at POD3 and 7 were significantly lower in the CD group compared to the ONS group [P = (0.02, 0.03) and (0.05, 0.04), respectively]. Serum phosphate was significantly lower at POD7 in the ONS group than the CD group (p = 0.04). There were significant decreases in the ICU stay and time of passing flatus (h) in the ONS group comparing with the CD group (P = 0.045 and P = 0.00, respectively).

Conclusions:
ONS maintains muscle mass and echogenicity of RF and AT along with better liver function and intestinal function recovery.
Remediation of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil, Using Organic Supplement: Effects on Growth and Heavy Metal Uptake in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Authors: Osu S.R. , Udosen I.R. , Udofia G.E. 
Published: April 2021

Field experiments were conducted in 2016 and repeated in 2017 to evaluate the effectiveness of Oil Palm Bunch Ash (OPBA) and Dried Poultry manure (DPM) as organic supplement, applied singly and in combination on growth properties and heavy metal uptake of cassava cultivars grown in crude-oil contaminated soil of the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria. There were four different organic amendments viz: DPM, OPBA, OPBA +DPM and control using TMS 30572, NR8082 and local variety as test crops. Results were elaborated statistically with the use of three-by-four factor variance analysis with ANOVA. Effect of various application of amendment on morphometric parameters of cultivars revealed in 2017 that at 36 weeks after sprouting (WAS), DPM and OPBA +DPM significantly (P≤ 0.05) enhanced plant heights of TMS 3572 and LV but had no influence on number of nodes, stem girth and leaf area. However, the interactions resulted in significant (P≤ 0.05) uptake and concentration of the heavy metals Fe, Cu, and Pb in leaves and Fe in roots ofTMS30572 and NR8082, indicating efficient metal removal by these varieties. Results of amendment also revealed remarkable increment in bacterial and fungal (from 104 to 106 and 103 to 104 ) populations respectively, correlating with reduction in soil total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from 156.45 mg/kg to 146.73 mg/Kg. This is observed to diminish oil toxicity and improve soil status. The response of these cassava varieties to crude oil contamination appears to be optimistic. Consequently crop farmers are adviced against planting cassava and other arable crop at crude oil impacted soil for the risk of uptake of heavy metal in crop tissues.
Keywords: Remediation, Heavy metal, Oil-contaminated soil, Organic amendment, Growth properties, Cassava
Health Risk Assessment for the Exposure of Workers to BTEX at the Gasoline Stations
Authors: Giao Nguyen Thanh , Anh Phan Kim , Nhien Huynh Thi Hong 
Published: April 2021

The study was conducted to assess the health risks of workers due to exposure to toxic gases including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m, p-xylene, o-xylene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde at gasoline retail stations. In this study, data on the concentrations of the toxic gases were collected from the previously published studies in the qualified scientific journals. The health risk assessment was followed by the process of the United States Environment Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The results show that the concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m, p-xylene, o-xylene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde were in the range of 12.40 - 357.5, 12.47 - 574.17, 2.05 - 156.5, 4.57 - 218, 2.36 - 77.04, 3.64 - 153.93 and 1.27- 27.83 µg/m3 , respectively. Life time cancer risk for gasoline station workers due to exposure to benzene, ethylbenzene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde was calculated in the ranges of 2.13x10-5 - 6.14x10-4 , 4.96x10-7 - 3.79x10-5 , 4.81x10-6 - 2.03x10-4 , and 7.99x10-7 - 1.75x10-5 , respectively. For non-carcinogenic compounds, the hazard index due to benzene, toluene, m, p-xylene, o-xylene were respectively in the range of 0.13 - 3.81, 7.97x10-4 - 0.04, 0.01 - 0.70 and 0.01 - 0.25. The findings revealed that there is high risk of cancer and non-cancer for the workers working at the gasolines stations if they are not taking good preventive measures. The calculation showed that the limit levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde should be reduced to 5.82x10-4 , 15.64, 4.13x10- 3 , 0.31, 7.57x10-4 and 1.59x10-3 mg/m3 , respectively to meet the safety levels for the workers at the gasoline stations.
Keywords: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, life-time cancer risk, health
Factors Influencing Soil Erosion Management Practices in Ejersa Lafo District, West Showa Zone, Oromia, Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Leta Amenu , Megersa Terefe 
Published: April 2021

Soil erosion by water is the major Agricultural problem, which results in reduction of agricultural productivity. This study focused on farmer perception of soil erosion and factors influence soil erosion management practices. A cross sectional data was used to assess information about soil erosion perception and factors influence soil erosion management practices. The Ejersa Lafo district was purposively selected from the districts of West Shoa Zones. A total of 142 sample respondents were randomly selected. Interview questionnaire, focus group discussion and survey of field observation were used as data collection tools. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and econometric model. Result from descriptive statistics show that majority of the respondents perceived soil erosion problem and its consequence on farmland. Both biological and physical soil erosion management practices in the area. Binary logit model estimation result shows that education level, landholding size, slopes of the land and land ownership type were mostsignificant to soil erosion management practices in the area. Therefore, taking these factors into account in setting appropriate soil erosion management measures may help policy makers and farmers to couple with erosion problem. The study recommended a need for the government to enforce effective policies to control and prevent soil erosion problem.
Keywords: Binary logit model: Management practices: Soil Erosion
Conservation Status and Habitat Preferences of Common Warthog (Phacochoerus Africanus) in Old Oyo National Park, Nigeria
Authors: Adeola A.J. , Adeyemo A.I. , Ejidike B.N. , Olaniyi O.E. , Akande O.A. , Ajayi S.R. , Azeez O.K. 
Published: April 2021

This study assessed the conservation status and habitat preference of Common warthog in Old Oyo National Park, Nigeria using direct sighting and line transect method. The abundance estimate and encounter rate of common Warthog in the study area from 2018-2019 showed that year 2018 recorded 213 individuals at an encounter rate of 0.38/km while year 2019 recorded 184 individuals at an encounter rate of 0.32/km while the mean abundance estimate of common Warthog are 4.65±0.64 and 1.71±0.48 which represents 156 and 58 individuals at encounter rate of 0.55/km and 0.20/km in the wet season and dry season of year 2018 compared to year 2019 with average abundance estimate value of 4.00±0.85 and 1.41±0.61 which represents 135 and 48 individuals at an encounter rate of 0.47/km and 0.17/km for wet and dry season respectively. The mean age structure and sex ratio of the observed warthog population during dry and wet seasons revealed that juveniles had highest mean of age structures among the populations observed across the seasons. The habitat preference of common warthog revealed that they are mostly found in mixed woodland and open savanna with 112 observation and the lowest was recorded in the outcrop vegetation and open savanna with 21 individuals.in the wet season. During the dry season, mixed woodland/open savanna and Riparian grassland had the highest sightings of 45 and 33 individuals each. The outcrop vegetation/open savanna had the lowest observation of 1 individuals only. The study also recommends that more aspect of the ecology of the animal should be studied in details and emphasis should be placed on the habitat requirements.
Keywords: Conservation, Estimate, Status, Warthog
Socio-Economic Importance of Tree Nursery Enterprises in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Eko O.D. , Adedokun M.O. , Soaga J.A. , Okojie L.O. , Atanda T.A. , Abisoye T. 
Published: April 2021

There is a growing interest to understand the role of tree nursery enterprises in Nigeria and the horn of Africa. Tree nursery enterprises, which are vital economic activities in major cities of Nigeria and particularly in the city of Lagos are not adequately studied and well documented. Therefore, this study seeks to fill a gap in understanding the socioeconomic importance and profitability potential of tree nursery enterprises. Multistage sampling technique with a 3-stage design was adopted in this study using aquantitative data collection techniques through the use of structured questionnaire administered to 120 nursery entrepreneurs. Data were analyzed using descriptive, inferential, and budgetary analysis. The result revealed that tree nursery entrepreneurs are literate, mostly male in their youthful age. Furthermore, the total annual revenue earned by the respondents was ₦1,712,222.22 with a mean annual net income of ₦1,458,038.72 while the return per naira invested was ₦5.71. This shows that tree nursery enterprise is profitable in the study area. However, most entrepreneurs were faced with shortage of land for establishments of tree nursery in the study area. Therefore, appropriate actions in reducing cost of land lease/purchase are recommended to encourage new entrepreneurs and strengthen the sector’s development.
Keywords: Entrepreneur, Environment, Nursery enterprises, Profitability, Socio-economic and Tree seedlings.
Performance Evaluation of Outpatient Department Waiting Line System in a City Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Adaji I. , Lawal A. , Abdullahi A. , Abdulkadir A. 
Published: April 2021

In this paper, performance evaluation of outpatient department waiting line system in a city hospital in Nigeria has been studied using a multiple server queuing model. The relevant data used in the research were collected for a period of four weeks through direct observations and interviews. The results of the research showed that with Two Doctors for the morning session patients spent an average of 1.0233hours in the system, out of which 0.932hours are spent on the queue with 95.45% Doctor Utilization. When the numbers of the Doctors were increased to 3, 4 and 5, it was found that a patient will spend an average of 0.125hours, 0.0975 hours and 0.0924hours in the system respectively. In each of the 3, 4 and 5 Doctors increased, the system will have 63.64%, 47.73% and 38.18% Doctors utilization respectively. With one Doctor for the evening session, the system has 54.55% Doctor Utilization and patient spent0.2hours in the system. The overall results showed that there is need to increase the number of Doctors to 3 or 4 for the morning session to achieved optimal service delivery while one Doctor in the evening session should be maintained. The results from the research could serves as important information to the management of the hospital for better services delivery.
Keywords: Doctors, Patient, Doctor Utilization, Queuing model, Evaluation
Web-based health service management for the eye
Authors: Onwuzo J.C. , Osodeke C.E. , Chigbundu E.K. , Kalu B.N. 
Published: April 2021

This research was designed for the purpose of patients with eye defects who have difficulty visiting their doctors due to age, distance, or the manual processes involved in the existing system. We designed an approach to assist people get attended to by building a system that allows users register and log into the system, book appointments, view doctors and equipment used or available in the existing system. Joint Application Development (JAD) was the system methodology used, this is because it involves continuous interaction with the users and different designers of the system in development. Quantitative and qualitative research methodology were employed, and method of data collection used were questionnaire, interview, and internet. The resultant website developed using JavaScript, CSS, PHP, HTML, and MySQL allows users register and log in, schedule doctor’s appointment, and book surgery.
Motivation, Implication and Autonomy at Work
Authors: Semuhoza Etienne Serupia 
Published: April 2021

From two populations of the same institution not having the same level of autonomy in their respective positions, one makes the assumption that a larger autonomy increases motivation, satisfaction and implication at work, this one referring to the intrinsic aspects of the activity rather than to extrinsic dimensions. It is also verified that the aspects relating to autonomy vary according to the type of work and reflect a specific form of relation to work. The study concerns a sample of 230 employees on which a multivariate model is tested by the means of a series of regressions and then using confirmatory techniques basing on the content analysis. The results go in the sense of the previous research and consequently confirmthe formulated assumptions. The adequacy of the ideal model is confirmed by the confirmatory analysis carried out with the software SPSS.
Key Words: autonomy, working position, satisfaction, implication.