bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dependency of flow‐mediated vasodilatation from basal nitric oxide activity
Authors: Kannenkeril Dennis , Bosch Agnes , Kolwelter Julie , Jung Susanne , Striepe Kristina , Ott Christian , Delles Christian , Schmieder Roland E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundFlow‐mediated vasodilatation (FMD) has become one of the most widely assessed parameters to analyse endothelial and vascular function in cardiovascular medicine. The degree of contribution of nitric oxide (NO) to FMD is inconclusive and varies widely depending on the device used. In this study, we used a semi‐automatic ultrasound device to analyse to what extent basal NO activity contributes to FMD of the brachial artery.MethodsFMD was assessed with the UNEX EF device in a cross‐over single blinded randomized study at baseline and then during infusion of either a NO‐synthase‐inhibitor (NG‐monomethyl‐L‐arginine (L‐NMMA)) or saline. The analysis was repeated after 1 week with the alternative infusion of L‐NMMA or saline. All measurements were analysed both automatically and by a technician manually.ResultsIn total, 25 healthy men subjects completed the study. Diastolic blood pressure and heart rate significantly changed during infusion of L‐NMMA. Infusion of L‐NMMA reduced FMD significantly (−37%, p = 0.002). Saline solution had no effect on FMD (+14%, p = 0.392). Change in FMD was significantly different between the groups (ΔFMDL‐NMMA vs. ΔFMDsaline, p = 0.032). There was a statistically significant correlation between automatically analysed results and those obtained by an experienced technician (FMDsaline: r = 0.822, p < 0.001; FMDL‐NMMA: r = 0.645, p = 0.007).ConclusionThe influence of NO on FMD is approximately 40% if assessed using the UNEX EF. Prior to use FMD as a marker of endothelial dysfunction, we should explore different methods including various duration of forearm ischaemia to increase NO dependency of FMD.
Geographical, temporal and taxonomic biases in insect GBIF data on biodiversity and extinction
Authors: Rocha‐Ortega Maya , Rodriguez Pilar , Córdoba‐Aguilar Alex 
Published: February 2021

1. Analysis of geographic patterns of extinction must be accompanied by knowledge of biodiversity patterns. Such analysis is not yet available in insects given three shortfalls. First, knowledge of insect species' distribution is poor. Second, insect inventories have taxonomic, geographical, temporal and habitat biases. Third, the accelerated loss of insect species likely surpasses the rate at which the authors are discovering new species.2. The authors have examined the state of the art of knowledge of the geographical distribution of insect extinction risk and diversity, as well as their relation with human footprint.3. Insect records are highly scattered. Geographically, inventories are incomplete worldwide, except for some areas in Europe. Although the description of new insect species has increased in the last 40 years, this is biased towards lepidopterans and coleopterans. Comparably, IUCN‐listed species has also increased in the last 40 years, yet with biases towards odonates and lepidopterans. Likewise, aquatic species have been more intensively sampled and considered by the IUCN than terrestrial species. Of high priority are some pristine areas but with few insect records, whereas the east coast of the United States, Europe and Japan raise concerns given that the human footprint exceeded the species richness of insects registered.
Ventral tegmental area GABA, glutamate, and glutamate‐GABA neurons are heterogeneous in their electrophysiological and pharmacological properties
Authors: Miranda‐Barrientos Jorge , Chambers Ian , Mongia Smriti , Liu Bing , Wang Hui‐Ling , Mateo‐Semidey Gabriel E. , Margolis Elyssa B. , Zhang Shiliang , Morales Marisela 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe ventral tegmental area (VTA) contains dopamine neurons intermixed with GABA‐releasing (expressing vesicular GABA transporter, VGaT), glutamate‐releasing (expressing vesicular glutamate transporter 2, VGluT2), and glutamate‐GABA co‐releasing (co‐expressing VGluT2 and VGaT) neurons. By delivering INTRSECT viral vectors into the VTA of double vglut2‐Cre/vgat‐Flp transgenic mice, we targeted specific VTA cell populations for ex vivo recordings. We found that VGluT2+ VGaT− and VGluT2+ VGaT+ neurons on average had relatively hyperpolarized resting membrane potential, greater rheobase, and lower spontaneous firing frequency compared to VGluT2− VGaT+ neurons, suggesting that VTA glutamate‐releasing and glutamate‐GABA co‐releasing neurons require stronger excitatory drive to fire than GABA‐releasing neurons. In addition, we detected expression of Oprm1mRNA (encoding µ opioid receptors, MOR) in VGluT2+ VGaT− and VGluT2− VGaT+ neurons, and that the MOR agonist DAMGO hyperpolarized neurons with these phenotypes. Collectively, we demonstrate the utility of the double transgenic mouse to access VTA glutamate, glutamate‐GABA, and GABA neurons to determine their electrophysiological properties.Significant statementSome physiological properties of VTA glutamate‐releasing and glutamate‐GABA co‐releasing neurons are distinct from those of VTA GABA‐releasing neurons. µ‐opioid receptor activation hyperpolarizes some VTA glutamate‐releasing and some GABA‐releasing neurons.
DynamisandEnergeiain Aristotle'sMetaphysics
Authors: Unlu Hikmet 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper offers an interpretation of Aristotle's concepts ofdynamisandenergeia(commonly translated as potentiality and actuality) and of the thematic progression ofMetaphysicsIX. I first raise the question of where motion fits in Aristotle's categories and argue that thelocusof motion in the system of categories are the categories of doing and suffering, in which casedynamisandenergeiain respect of motion can also be understood as thedynamisandenergeiaof doing and suffering. Next, I argue that the analogy that Aristotle draws in IX.6 is an analogy between thedynamisandenergeiaof doing and suffering and thedynamisandenergeiaof substance. Finally, I try to show that it is this analogy between the kinetic and nonkinetic variants ofdynamisandenergeia—and not the distinction between end‐inclusive and end‐exclusive activities—that provides the key to understanding the structure ofMetaphysicsIX.
polished rice mediates ecdysone‐dependent control of Drosophila embryonic organogenesis
Authors: Taira Yuki , Wada Housei , Hayashi Shigeo , Kageyama Yuji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn many animals, progression of developmental stages is temporally controlled by steroid hormones. In Drosophila, the level of ecdysone titer oscillates and developmental stage transitions, such as larval molting and metamorphosis, are induced at each of ecdysone peaks. Ecdysone titer also peaks at the stage of mid‐embryogenesis and the embryonic ecdysone is necessary for morphogenesis of several organs, although the regulatory mechanisms of embryonic organogenesis dependent on ecdysone signaling are still open questions. In this study, we find that absence or interruption of embryonic ecdysone signaling caused multiple defects in the tracheal system, including decrease in luminal protein deposition, uneven dilation of the dorsal trunk and loss of terminal branches. We also reveal that an ecdysone‐inducible gene polished rice (pri) is essential for tip cell fate decision in dorsal branches. As over‐expression of pri can restore the defects caused by disturbance of ecdysone biosynthesis, pri functions as one of the major mediators of embryonic ecdysone signal in tracheogenesis. These results demonstrate that ecdysone and its downstream target pri play essential roles in tracheal development by modulating cell fate decision.
Immunohistochemical characterisation and histopathology of astrocytic neoplasms at a tertiary Nigerian hospital
Authors: Nweke Michael , Ogun Gabriel , Adeleye Amos , Okolo Clement A. , Adesina Adekunle 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo describe histological features and pattern of expression of selected markers including epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), mutant p53 and mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase‐1 (IDH‐1R132H) among astrocytic neoplasms at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.DesignA retrospective cross‐sectional study involving histologically diagnosed Central Nervous System (CNS) neoplasms between January 2004 and December 2015. Haematoxylin and Eosin Slides of 81 cases of astrocytomas were retrieved, re‐cut and reviewed. Ethical clearance was obtained from the ethical board of the hospital. Immunohistochemistry using the Biotin‐Streptavidin system was performed with IDH‐1 R132H, p53 and EGFR mouse monoclonal antibodies (MOABs) specific against all the cases of astrocytomas under review. All cases were graded and classified using the World Health Organisation (WHO) Classification of Central Nervous System tumours (2016). Membranous and cytoplasmic staining of EGFR and IDH‐1R132H mouse monoclonal antibodies, respectively, were regarded as positive while nuclear staining of p53 mouse monoclonal antibody was regarded as positive. The data obtained were analysed with the level of statistical significance set at P < .05.ResultsMales constituted a majority of cases, 50 (61.7%). Male‐Female ratio was 1.6:1. Mean age was 30.6 years. Tumours were of a higher WHO grade with increasing age, albeit glioblastoma cases tended to present at younger ages. The higher WHO grades were more likely to be located supratentorially. Glioblastomas accounted for most of the diagnosis 39 (48.1%), followed by pilocytic astrocytomas at 23 (28.4%). There was a low positive cytoplasmic expression of IDH‐1 with only three (3.7%) being positive, eight (9.9%) showed a positive nuclear expression for mutant p53 while 17 (21%) showed membranous positivity for EGFR expression.ConclusionThere are similar epidemiological trends between our cohort of patients and as described in most instances worldwide. Optimal stratification for astrocytomas can be achieved using a combination of IDH‐1/EGFR immunohistochemistry.
Prognostic value of intraductal carcinoma for adjuvant radiotherapy candidates after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Karakoc Sedat , Celik Serdar , Kaya Nilhan , Bozkurt Ozan , Ellidokuz Hulya , Tuna Burcin , Yorukoglu Kutsal , Mungan Mehmet Ugur 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prognostic significance of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC‐P) in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens and predictive value of IDC‐P for biochemical recurrence and adjuvant therapy decision.MethodWe retrospectively evaluated patients who were performed RP between 2000 and 2014. Among, 67 patients who had stage pT3a tumour with negative surgical margin (Group 1, n = 35) and who had stage pT2 tumour with positive surgical margin (Group 2, n = 32) were included in the study. RP specimens were re‐evaluated for the presence of IDC‐P component and other prognostic factors. In both the groups, prognostic factors were compared according to the presence of IDC‐P and biochemical recurrence status.ResultsIn Group 1, IDC‐P was detected in five cases and biochemical recurrence was detected in three cases. Patients with IDC‐P showed significantly higher biochemical recurrence than those without IDC‐P (P = .002). In univariate analysis, IDC‐P was found to be significantly associated with worse progression‐free survival (P < .001). In Group 2, IDC‐P was detected in four cases and biochemical recurrence was detected in 10 cases. Also, tumour volume was significantly higher in patients with IDC‐P than those without IDC‐P (P = .02). IDC‐P was also significantly associated with worse progression‐free survival in Group 2 (P = .033).ConclusionsIn both the groups, IDC‐P was a prognostic factor for progression‐free survival and/or biochemical recurrence. Especially in these patients, the presence of IDC‐P might be helpful for postoperative adjuvant therapy management decision.
The utility of systemic‐immune inflammation index for predicting the disease activation in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Dincer Rota Didem , Tanacan Efsun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of systemic‐immune inflammation index (SII) in the management of patients with psoriasis.MethodThis retrospective case‐control study was conducted on patients who were admitted to the dermatology outpatient clinic. Patients with psoriasis (n = 71) were compared with a age and gender‐matched control group (n = 70) with other non‐inflammatory dermatologic diseases. Study and control groups were compared in terms of clinical characteristics and SII values (neutrophil X platelet/lymphocyte). Afterwards, 50th percentile value (4.5) for psoriasis area severity index (PASI) was calculated for the study group. Two subgroups were formed according to PASI values: (1) PASI < 4.5 group (n = 36) and (2) PASI ≥ 4.5 (n = 35). Clinical characteristics and SII values were also compared between these two subgroups. Furthermore, SII values were compared according to the presence of scalp, joint, nail, and genital area involvement in the study group. Finally, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed in order to assess the performance of SII in determining the activation of psoriasis in the study group.ResultsSignificantly higher SII values were found in patients with psoriasis. PASI ≥ 4.5 subgroup and patients with nail and genital involvement had also significantly higher SII values (P < .05). A cut‐off value of 575.8 was calculated with 66.7% sensitivity and 66% specificity for psoriasis activation.ConclusionSII may be used for the prediction of psoriasis activation.
Influence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic filler particles on thermal expansion and cooking loss in meat protein gels
Authors: Katz Felix‐Alexander , Grossmann Lutz , Gerhards Christian , Weiss Jochen , Gibis Monika 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThis study aimed to determine the effect of replacing hydrophobic fat‐based particles with hydrophilic inert glass particles at concentrations 10%, 25% and 40% on expansion, contraction and cooking loss of meat protein gels during heat treatment up to 85 °C. Incorporating glass particles resulted in gel expansion (up to 22.3% ± 2.8% at 40%) independent of the particle concentration during heat treatment in an open system, while an increased fat‐particle content provoked a gel shrinkage (up to −6.5% ± 2.2% at 40%). At high filler concentrations, expansion and shrinkage were inversely correlated with cooking loss: The highest fat and glass particle filler concentration exhibited the lowest cooking loss (20.1% ± 0.5% for glass particles and 21.7% ± 0.2% for fat particles) despite the observed extensive structural changes, which was related to particle hydrophilicity, gel composition and structural rearrangement. These results will be helpful to design particle‐filled composite meat gels with different types of particles.
Developing smarter vaccines for paratuberculosis: From early biomarkers to vaccine design
Authors: de Silva Kumudika 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVaccines for paratuberculosis have been used for over a hundred years but the disease continues to affect ruminant health and livestock industries globally. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis which causes the disease also known as Johne's disease is a subversive pathogen able to undermine both innate and adaptive host defense mechanisms. This review focuses on early protective immune pathways that lead to some animals becoming resilient to infection to provide a road map for designing better vaccines and emphasizes the need for harnessing the potential of mucosal immunity.
Ultra‐low temperature preparation of mullite glass‐ceramics with high transparency sintered from EMT‐type zeolite
Authors: Zhao Yuye , Zhou Beiying , Qiu Pengpeng , Fan Yuchi , Zheng Qi , Luo Wei , Cheng Xiaowei , Wang Lianjun , Jiang Wan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNanocrystalline mullite glass‐ceramics have been regarded as an ideal optical window material due to its excellent thermal shock resistance, low dielectric constant, and perfect high‐temperature strength. However, the fabrication of high‐purity mullite glass‐ceramics at a low temperature still faces great challenges. Herein, highly transparent mullite glass‐ceramics have been prepared at an ultra‐low temperature (~800°C) via the spark plasma sintering (SPS) of EMT‐type zeolite. Unlike the mullite glass‐ceramics made by the conventional sintering process, the one obtained in this study present high transparency both in the visible and infrared regions. The sintering activity and linear thermal shrinkage behavior of sample during the SPS process has been thoroughly investigated. Benefitted from the existence of ultra‐small mullite nanocrystals, the derived glass‐ceramics g‐950 possess a high Vickers hardness (7.0 GPa), Young's modulus (86.6 GPa), and MSP strength (123.2 MPa), which show more excellent mechanical properties than conventional aluminasilicate or silica glass.
Cancer‐associated fibroblast‐derived exosomal microRNA‐24‐3p enhances colon cancer cell resistance to MTX by down‐regulating CDX2/HEPH axis
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Wei , Shi Yi , Liu Ji‐Bin , Wang Hui‐Min , Wang Pei‐Yao , Wu Zhi‐Jun , Li Liu , Gu Li‐Peng , Cao Ping‐Sheng , Wang Gao‐Ren , Ma Yu‐Shui , Fu Da 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMicroRNA‐24‐3p (miR‐24‐3p) has been implicated as a key promoter of chemotherapy resistance in numerous cancers. Meanwhile, cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can secret exosomes to transfer miRNAs, which mediate tumour development. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanism of CAF‐derived exosomal miR‐24‐3p in colon cancer (CC). Hence, this study intended to characterize the functional relevance of CAF‐derived exosomal miR‐24‐3p in CC cell resistance to methotrexate (MTX). We identified differentially expressed HEPH, CDX2 and miR‐24‐3p in CC through bioinformatics analyses, and validated their expression in CC tissues and cells. The relationship among HEPH, CDX2 and miR‐24‐3p was verified using ChIP and dual‐luciferase reporter gene assays. Exosomes were isolated from miR‐24‐3p inhibitor–treated CAFs (CAFs‐exo/miR‐24‐3p inhibitor), which were used in combination with gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function experiments and MTX treatment. CCK‐8, flow cytometry and colony formation assays were conducted to determine cell viability, apoptosis and colony formation, respectively. Based on the findings, CC tissues and cells presented with high expression of miR‐24‐3p and low expression of HEPH and CDX2. CDX2 was a target gene of miR‐24‐3p and could up‐regulate HEPH. Under MTX treatment, overexpressed CDX2 or HEPH and down‐regulated miR‐24‐3p reduced cell viability and colony formation and elevated cell apoptosis. Furthermore, miR‐24‐3p was transferred into CC cells via CAF‐derived exosomes. CAF‐derived exosomal miR‐24‐3p inhibitor diminished cell viability and colony formation and increased cell apoptosis in vitro and inhibited tumour growth in vivo under MTX treatment. Altogether, CAF‐derived exosomal miR‐24‐3p accelerated resistance of CC cells to MTX by down‐regulating CDX2/HEPH axis.
A mobile unit overcomes the challenges to monoclonal antibody infusion for COVID‐19 in skilled care facilities
Authors: Tulledge‐Scheitel Sidna , Bell Sarah J. , Larsen Jennifer J. , Bierle Dennis M. , Takahashi Paul , Moehnke Darcie E. , Destro Borgen Molly J. , Springer Donna J. , Reinschmidt Karen J. , Baumbach Lori J. , Matoush Jennifer A. , Heyliger Alexander , Hanson Sara N. , Razonable Raymund R. , Ganesh Ravindra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundResidents of nursing homes and long‐term care facilities are at increased risk for severe coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) but may not be able to access monoclonal antibody therapies offered at outpatient infusion centers due to frailty and logistical issues. We describe a mobile monoclonal antibody infusion program for patients with COVID‐19 in skilled nursing facilities and provide descriptive data on its outcomes.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingCollaboration between Mayo Clinic and skilled nursing facilities in Southeast Minnesota was developed to administer anti‐spike monoclonal antibodies under the FDA Emergency Use Authorization.ParticipantsSeventy five residents of skilled nursing facilities at high risk of COVID‐19 complications.ExposureEmergency use treatment with bamlanivimab and casirivimab–imdevimab.MeasurementsHospitalization and medically attended visits.ResultsThe mobile infusion unit, staffed by Mayo Clinic Infusion Therapy registered nurses and supported by the skilled nursing facility staff, infused anti‐spike monoclonal antibodies to 45 of 75 patients (average age, 77.8 years) in December 2020. The infusions occurred at an average of 4.3 days after COVID‐19 diagnosis. Fourteen days after infusion, there were no deaths, two emergency department visits, and three hospitalizations, for a combined event rate of 11.1%. There was one reported adverse event.ConclusionThe implementation of a mobile infusion unit embedded in a collaborative process resulted in rapid infusion of monoclonal antibodies to high‐risk COVID‐19 patients in skilled nursing facilities, who would otherwise be unable to access the novel therapies. The therapies were well tolerated and appear beneficial. Further study is warranted to explore the scalability and efficacy of this program.
Metabolism of [1,6‐13C]glucose in the cerebellum of 18‐day‐old rats: Comparison with cerebral metabolism
Authors: Ferreira Gustavo C. , Karimi Arman J. , Waddell Jaylyn , McKenna Mary C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere is little information on metabolism in developing cerebellum despite the known importance of this region in cognition and motor tasks. Ex vivo 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy were used to determine metabolism during late postnatal development in cerebellum and cerebrum from 18‐day‐old rat pups after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of [1,6‐13C]glucose. The concentration of several metabolites in cerebellum was distinctly different than cerebrum; alanine, glutamine, creatine and myo‐inositol were higher in cerebellum than cerebrum, the concentrations of lactate, GABA, aspartate and N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) were lower in cerebellum than in cerebrum, and levels of glutamate, succinate, choline and taurine were similar in both brain regions. The incorporation of label from the metabolism of [1,6‐13C]glucose into most isotopomers of glutamate (GLU), glutamine (GLN), GABA and aspartate was lower in cerebellum than in cerebrum. Incorporation of label into the C2 position of lactate via the pyruvate recycling pathway was found in both brain regions. The ratio of newly synthesized GLN/GLU was significantly higher in cerebellum than in cerebrum indicating relatively active metabolism via glutamine synthetase in cerebellar astrocytes at postnatal day 18. This is the first study to determine metabolism in the cerebellum and cerebrum of male and female rat brain.
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