bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEDIATRIC PERCEPTIONS: THE PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE—A NEGLECTED RESOURCE
Authors: Wilson James L. 
Published: December 2021

I Write to emphasize the very great assistance, particularly the kind of assistance, that I find dedicated nurses especially trained in pediatrics and Public Health can give to pediatricians. My emphasis is not on the number of patients who can be seen but the quality of service that can be given.
For many years my academic environment and concentration on teaching and consultation protected me from the pressures present in a busy practitioner's office. During these years, I was often impressed by the great gratitude from parents of patients because, as they would say, "You have answered a lot of our questions." Often they would also say: "We like our own pediatrician very much, but his office is so crowded and he is so busy that we feel guilty in asking him all the questions we have about our children. What we really like about this visit is the way you have so generously given us of your time to answer all those questions that bother us."So, when I recently saw the new offices of a pair of pediatricians starting into practice, I was frankly upset to notice that in the many small examining rooms it was evident that chairs were kept at a minimum. Still more upsetting was the explanation that this arrangement made it easier for the physician to walk out of the room because he would be standing. Not only would there be less awkwardness in interrupting a conversation but the mothers would be less likely to sit down and ask questions if there were not enough chairs for everyone to be seated.
THE FEP (FREE ERYTHROCYTE PORPHYRINS) TEST: A SCREENING MICROMETHOD FOR LEAD POISONING
Authors: Piomelli Sergio , Davidow Bernard , Guinee Vincent F. , Young Patricia , Gay Giselle 
Published: December 2021

The FEP test is a micromethod that measures rapidly and reliably free erythrocyte porphyrins in a blood sample of 20µl. The results of the FEP test increase exponentially with the blood Pb level.
The FEP test was performed in 1,038 blood specimens submitted to the New York City Department of Health Bureau of Laboratories for Pb analysis. Of these, 568 had Pb levels ≥ 40µg/100 ml. The concentration of FEP was higher than 250µg/100 ml RBC (positive FEP test) in all the samples with greatly increased blood Pb level (≥ 60µg/100 ml), in 55.1% of those with ambiguous blood Pb level (40 to 59µg/100 ml), and in 5.1% of those with low Pb level (&lt; 40µg/100 ml).
The FEP test provides a biological indicator of undue lead absorption, suitable for rapid screening of children for lead poisoning. The test can easily be performed by any clinical laboratory.
GONADOTROPINS DURING CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE: A REVIEW
Authors: Kulin Howard E. , Reiter Edward O. 
Published: December 2021

FSH and LH have been detected in the blood and urine of prepubertal individuals by bioassay as well as the newer immunologic methods. Despite considerable improvement in the understanding of puberty in man the process still remains a mysterious one. The mechanisms which initiate this period of growth and the time of their onset are still not known; cellular and biochemical changes involved in puberty have not been studied in man or lower animals. The physiology of the releasing factors which are stored in the median eminence of the hypothalamus and stimulate FSH and LH may contribute to an understanding of sexual maturation. Similarly, the function of the neuroactive amines in regulating gonadotropins is a subject of a great deal of current investigation and also may further such knowledge.
Methodologic problems have been only partially solved in the area of gonadotropin research. For studies in children a need exists for improved assay sensitivity or new means of concentrating biological specimens. Similarly, many of the normal patterns as well as the abnormalities of gonadotropic function during the first two decades of life have not yet been well characterized. Hypergonadotropic states such as gonadal dysgenesis may be detected frequently in the prepubertal child by the measurement of serum FSH, but hypogonadotropism is much more difficult to identify in the young boy or girl.
One of the most pressing needs–which should be realized soon–is for longitudinal rather than cross-sectional studies. The normal levels of FSH and LH during childhood and pubescence may be quite different for a given individual than the somewhat blurred picture which cross-sectional investigations present.
HEXACHLOROPHENE TOXICITY—HUMAN EXPERIENCE AT THE ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF PATHOLOGY
Authors: Mullick Florabel G. 
Published: December 2021

Six patients exposed to 3% hexachlorophene were studied. Two were adults that had accidentaly ingested a large amount of the substance. The remaining were children, two of which were being treated with 3% hexachlorophene baths for burns and two for severe congenital ichthyosis.
The two adults developed symptoms shortly after ingestion and died in less than 48 hours. The interval between exposure and symptoms in the children ranged from six hours to ten days. All the children showed severe vacuolation of the white matter in different areas of the cerebrum as well as the cerebellum. In the two adults no vacuolation of the white matter was evident.
THE DUTY OF PARENTS TOWARD THEIR DEPRAVED CHILDREN—
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Complete rejection of the belief in depravity or innate tendencies to wickedness of children did not appear generally in popular American literature until just before The Civil War.1 The following passage, written in 1810 by Cyrus Comstock of Hartford, Connecticut, typifies the generally accepted Calvinist belief of the early 1800s in the innate depravity of children:
It is a consideration truly to be deplored that children have depraved hearts. This depravity, if unrestrained, will certainly lead them in the road to eternal ruin. And when parents out of excessive fondness, indulge their children in every thing, and resign their own judgments, and suffer themselves to be governed by them, they strengthen this depravity, and bind their children stronger and stronger, under these chains of moral darkness, and it would be just with God, if he should reserve such children under these chains of darkness to the judgment day. There parents must meet their children and give an account how they train them up. 2
ACCELERATED PULMONARY SURFACTANT AFTER INTRAUTERINE INFECTION IN THE FETAL RABBIT
Authors: Kotas Robert V. 
Published: December 2021

Intrauterine inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus into 24-day rabbit fetuses resulted in changes in lung maturation at 27 days comparable to those seen after glucocorticoid injection. The lungs of infected litters had increased low pressure stability and distensibility with decreased surface tension upon compression, and resembled 29- to 30-day control lungs.
Although intrauterine infection is found to be harmful to the fetus, it may have a secondary effect of preparing a fetus for premature air breathing.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE MALTREATMENT SYNDROME IN CHILDREN
Authors: Fontana Vincent J. 
Published: December 2021

The maltreatment of children is a disease affecting the child and the parents. It is difficult to accept the fact that in our society today inhuman cruelty to children appears to be rapidly increasing. The perpetrators of these crimes are, for the most part, not strangers but the parents themselves. In 1968, in New York City, there were 956 cases of abuse reported. In 1969, there were 1,600 and in 1970, the incidence rose to approximately 3,000 cases. The number of neglected children during this time has been noted to be approximately 35,000. Within the period 1966 to 1970, there has been a total percent increase of 549 in reported cases of child abuse to New York's Central Registry.
It is most important for all of mandated sources under the present child abuse law–especially the physician in the hospital–to be able to recognize situations in which abuse or neglect may exist. It is not necessary for a physician to be absolutely sure about any abuse or neglect, as the law clearly states that cases of suspicion must also be reported. This disease, if not properly managed, leads to critical consequences. It is estimated that one out of every two battered children dies after being returned to his parents. Many of these battered children, if they survive amid approach adolescence, begin to show signs of pyschological and emotional disturbances reported as irreversible in most cases. There has been expressed concern that the probable future tendency of abused children is to become the future battering Parent or the hard-core criminal responsible for crimes and violence in our society.
PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
Authors: Aisenberg Ruth B. , Wolff Peter H. , Rosenthal Amnon , Nadas Alexander S. 
Published: December 2021

Fifty children between 4 and 15 years of age were subdivided into three age groups and studied before, during, and after cardiac catheterization. Nearly all of the youngest, but less than half of the oldest patients manifested negative behavioral and intrapsychic changes after catheterization. The behavior patterns of the youngest children were affected specifically in the domains of regression, aggression, affectivity, and attitude. The increase of general and somatic anxiety was equally distributed among older and younger children. Among boys the increase of aggression was typically expressed in physical modes, whereas girls more often responded by verbal aggression.
Since children do not perceive cardiac catheterization as an innocuous procedure, and the catheterization experience may, in selected cases, interact with previously existing conditions to produce long-term adverse effect, intervention to protect very young cardiac patients may be advisable. Prophylactic play therapy could be utilized; or where medically feasible, cardiac catheterization could be postponed until later childhood.
PROPRANOLOL PALLIATION OF TETRALOGY OF FALLOT: EXPERIENCE WITH LONG-TERM DRUG TREATMENT IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: Ponce Florentina E. , Williams Luther C. , Webb Hazel M. , Riopel Donald A. , Hohn Arno R. 
Published: December 2021

Propranolol therapy was given to 22 patients with tetralogy of Fallot (1 mg/kg/6 hr orally). In 13 infants (3 to 20 months of age), the medication was used in effort to postpone surgery to a more optimum size. In nine children (2 to 11 years of age), the drug was used while awaiting surgery, or when parents refused the proposed surgery or when surgery was not recommended because of associated defects.
Parameters observed during follow-up evaluations included electrocardiograms, chest x-rays, and pH and blood gas determinations. Serum propranolol values were obtained in 15 patients. The acute hemodynamic response to 0.2 mg/kg given intravenously was observed in eight patients at cardiac catheterization. The frequency and severity of hypoxic spells was evaluated utilizing historical information. Eighteen patients were noted to have spells prior to therapy. Propranolol was observed to abolish or to lessen the hypoxic spells in all but one patient. A satisfactory response, without complications, was observed in 17 patients. Refractoriness to propranolol occurred in five patients. Surgery, either by total correction (seven patients) or by shunt operation (five patients) was performed 3 to 27 months after therapy was begun. Postoperative complications attributable to propranolol were not observed. While the mechanism of propranolol action is open to speculation, the success of propranolol therapy in this series leads us to encourage its use for palliation of patient with tetralogy of Fallot, especially in infants.
Simple Device for Producing Continuous Negative Pressure in Infants With IRDS
Authors: Bancalari Eduardo , Gerhardt Tilo , Monkus Ellen 
Published: December 2021

Increasing experience with the use of continuous transpulmonary pressure, either positive or negative, during the last years has clearly demonstrated the success of this mode of therapy in IRDS.1-3
Forty newborn infants with this disease have been treated with continuous negative pressure (CNP) in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, using a modified incubator-respirator.*
Twenty-one required only CNP, three of whom died (14%). Among the 19 who needed CNP plus intermittent positive pressure ventilation, nine died (47%). All required more than 70% oxygen to maintain a Pao2 over 50 mm Hg before using CNP.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Smith Clement A. 
Published: December 2021

To Drs. Poley and Bhatia:
I don't know why the argument over the place of allergy among causes of abdominal pain and other vague recurrent problems continues to create correspondence, but I suspect the failure of letter writers to look far enough back into the literature may be one reason. Since June of 1970 we have aired the argument twice in our pages (1, 2), remarking about the first of these epistolary explosions (1, C, D) that perhaps the old arguments are still the best.
INTERMITTENT PREDNISONE THERAPY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AFTER RENAL TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Reimold Ekkehard W. 
Published: December 2021

Retardation of growth and maturation is a frequently observed complication after renal transplantation in children. It is attributed predominantly to the presently used immunosuppressive therapy.
In four girls who were followed up to 28 months after transplantation the dose of prednisone was reduced to 1 mg/kg/day within six weeks. Between three and one-half and five months it was further changed to an alternate-day treatment schedule provided no signs of rejection were found and a stable renal function was present.
With this treatment the incidence of rejection was not increased, all steroid side effects gradually subsided and the renal function remained normal. All four patients were growth retarded before operation. They continued or started to grow after transplantation; two girls reached the 50th height percentile within 12 months; the other two have shown considerable growth. Alternate-day prednisone therapy is an important modification of the presently used immunosuppressive treatment, facilitating medical and social rehabilitation and reducing the number of complications in children and adolescents.
EMPLOYED MOTHERS AND THEIR FAMILIES (I.)*
Authors: Howell Mary C. 
Published: December 2021

More than 40% of all U.S. mothers of children of 18 years of age or younger are employed. The prevailing notion that employed mothers are deviant is examined with regard to published research literature. No uniformly harmful effects on family life, nor on the growth and development of children, have been demonstrated. It is concluded that conditions of employment, and the attitudes of other family members, probably influence the employed mother's relationship to her family by affecting her self-esteem and energy sources.
Maternal employment may jeopardize family life when the conditions of her employment are demeaning to her self-esteem, when other family members are strongly disapproving of her work away from home, or when mutually agreeable arrangements for children and housework cannot be made. Otherwise, maternal employment seems to offer many advantages to family relations and for the lives of children.
Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum and Routine Screening of Pregnant Women for Gonorrheal Infection
Authors: Ris Hania W. 
Published: December 2021

Drs. Snowe and Wilfert's1 timely paper on epidemic reappearance of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum calls attention to a very serious problem. Recently in Wisconsin a case of gonococcal ophthalmia was reported2 in a 3-day-old infant who received silver nitrate prophylactic treatment. The prenatal care consisted of 14 visits to an obstetrician, which did not include screening for gonorrhea.
The author's statement in the summary "gonorrhea occurs with significant frequency in obstetrical groups to merit attempts at therapy of the gravid mother" could be misinterpreted as advocating treatment without establishing a diagnosis.
WHY WE SHOULD REGIONALIZE PERINATAL CARE
Authors: Lucey Jerold F. 
Published: December 2021

Considerable evidence now exists supporting the concept that the regionalization of perinatal or newborn intensive care centers is highly desirable.1-45 It is my hope that a brief review of data not summarized previously will provide interested physicians with support for the argument in favor of regionalization.
There is general agreement that such programs are worthwhile; although, because of their several different approaches, no specific therapy available in such centers can be singled out as the prime reason for their success in reducing perinatal mortality. Nevertheless, this success can presumably be attributed to increased cooperation with obstetrical departments, and to the constant availability of a larger number of trained personnel devoting full-time attention to the infant, newborn, and unborn.
PARENT-SPECIFIC HEIGHT STANDARDS FOR PREADOLESCENT CHILDREN OF THREE RACIAL GROUPS, WITH METHOD FOR RAPID DETERMINATION
Authors: Wingerd John , Solomon Irene L. , Schoen Edgar J. 
Published: December 2021

Since parent-specific height standards are important in evaluating abnormalities of childhood growth, such standards have been determined from 59,000 height measurements of 11,233 California children aged 1 to 9 years, of white, black, and other racial groups.
Mean heights for the three groups diverged increasingly with age after 1 year: blacks were tallest, the mixed group shortest. Positive correlation between midparent height and child height increased with age. Nonwhite children, especially blacks, were taller for parent height than were whites. The discrepancy may reflect differing growth patterns; or the nonwhite children may become taller than their parents. A convenient "slide rule" is presented, which makes clinically feasible the determination of the parent-specific height centile for any child of either sex in each racial group.
T3 TOXICOSIS IN ADOLESCENCE: PRESENTATION AS RECURRENT HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: AvRuskin T. W. , Tang S. , Shenkman L. , Hollander C. S. 
Published: December 2021

The second adolescent patient with recurrent hyperthyroidism caused by isolated hypersecretion of T3 (T3 toxicosis) has been discovered.
In 1969, this 17-year-old female patient initially presented with conventional Graves' disease was treated with propylthiouracil, but discontinued her medication after three months. Two and one-half half years later, she developed clinical and laboratory tory features of recurrent Graves' disease, save for a normal total and free thyroxine (T4). Serum T3 by radioimmunoassay was elevated (210 ng/100 ml) and thyroid binding globulin capacity for T4 was normal. Serum TSH was not detectable and failed to rise after intravenous infusion of 400 mg thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Other parameters of T3 toxicosis, as noted in adults with this syndrome, were confirmed. T3 toxicosis presenting as recurrent hyperthyroidism may be more common than previously recognized in the pediatric population.
Pneumatosis Intestinalis In Childhood Dermatomyositis
Authors: Oliveros Miguel A. , Herbst John J. , Lester Patrick D. , Ziter Fred A. 
Published: December 2021

The gastrointestinal complications of dermatomyositis are well known. Reviews, however, do not mention pneumatosis intestinalis in this disorder).1-3 Although noted in progressive systemic sclerosis,4-7 its association with dermatomyositis has been documented in only one case,5 unreported in the pediatric literature. It is important to distinguish this apparently benign condition from pneumoperitoneum secondary to intestinal perforation, which is a grave complication of dermatomyositis.1
CASE REPORT
W. W., an 8-8/12-year-old girl with a three-year history of dermatomyositis with prominent skin rash, disseminated subcutaneous calcification, muscle wasting and induration, also complained of occasional abdominal pain, recently localized to the right hypochondriurn and right shoulder. Inspite of continuous prednisone treatment and intermittent trials of azathioprine, methotrexate, and cyclophosphamide the patient's disease failed to remit.
Depressed Whole Blood Serotonin Levels Associated With Behavioral Abnormalities in the de Lange Syndrome
Authors: Greenberg Alan , Coleman Mary 
Published: December 2021

In 1933 Cornelia de Lange first described two infants with a striking appearance and a pattern of congenital anomalies which she named "typus degenerativus amstelodamensis."1 Subsequently, other cases of this syndrome were reported in the European literature, but it was not until 1963 that the syndrome attracted attention in this country with the publication of case reports in the American and English literature.2-6
The patients have a distinctive appearance (Fig. 1) which becomes more apparent as they grow older. However, the diagnosis can be difficult during infancy. In a recent monograph, Berg et al.7 suggested that a useful criteria for diagnosis is eight or more of the following clinical findings:
HEALTH OF DAUGHTERS-AN 1842 VIEW
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Mrs. Lydia H. Sigourney (1791-1865), a popular and prolific contributor to the American lay literature during the first half of the 19th century, had this to say about what mothers might do to give their daughters a good constitution.
Mothers, is there any thing we can do, to acquire for our daughters a good constitution? Is there truth in the sentiment sometimes repeated, that our sex is becoming more and more effeminate? Are we as capable of enduring hardship as our grandmothers were? Are we as well versed in the details of housekeeping, as able to, bear them without fatigue, as our mothers? Have our daughters as much stamina of constitution, as much aptitude for domestic duty, as we ourselves possess? These questions are not interesting to us simply as individuals. They affect the welfare of the community. For the ability or inability of woman to discharge what the Almighty has committed to her, touches the equilibrium of society, and the hidden springs of existence.
Tenderly interested as we are for the health of our offspring, let us devote peculiar attention to that of our daughters. Their delicate frames require more care, in order to become vigorous, and are in more danger through the prevalence of fashion. Frequent and thorough ablutions, a simple and nutritious diet, we should secure for all our children.
But I plead for the little girl, that she may have air and exercise, as well as her brother, and that she may not be too much blamed, if in her earnest play, she happen to tear or soil her apron.
Childhood Illness: A Common Sense Approach, by Jack G. Shiller, M.D., F.A.A.P. New York: Stein and Day, 1972, 320 pp., $7.95
Authors: Webb Clarence H. 
Published: December 2021

This book by a practicing pediatrician of Westport, Connecticut, is aimed at the parent, more specifically the mother, with the hope of shifting emphasis from "panic pediatrics" to "do-it-yourself pediatrics." The author states that his purpose is threefold: to indicate when simple disease can be treated at home; to alert parents as to when medical help should be sought; and to encourage young mothers to take better care of their sick children.
Dubious of solving the discrepancy between the volume of demands and the available medical manpower by the expedient of pediatric assistants, Dr. Shiller seeks to reduce visits to the pediatrician by teaching mothers to evaluate their children's illnesses in a conscientious and confident manner.