bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital health technologies for pediatric pain
Authors: Jibb Lindsay A. , Stinson Jennifer N. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The rapid growth in digital health technologies in the last two decades means that several new tools have become available to monitor and manage chronic, recurrent, and acute pain in children and adolescents. These tools include the internet (and associated social support networks), mobile phones, and telemedicine, as well as virtual reality and other high-technology distraction interventions. The benefits of digital health technology-based pain therapies include improved treatment accessibility and satisfaction, and potential decreases in therapy cost. Digital health therapies for children and adolescents with pain represent exciting treatment possibilities. Future, rigorous research into the design and effectiveness testing of these therapies will shed more light on how digital health technologies might decrease pain intensity and improve the quality of life for children and adolescents with chronic, recurrent, and acute pain.
The exomoon corridor for multiple moon systems
Authors: Teachey Alex 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
The so-called ‘exomoon corridor’ is a potentially powerful new tool for identifying possible exomoon hosts, enabled by the observation that fully half of all planets hosting an exomoon will exhibit transit timing variation (TTV) periodicities of 2–4 epochs. One key outstanding problem in the search for exomoons, however, is the question of how well the methods we have developed under the single moon assumption extend to systems with multiple moons. In this work, we use N-body simulations to examine the exomoon corridor effect in the more general case of N ≥ 1 moons, generating realistic TTVs produced by satellite systems more akin to those seen in the outer Solar System. We find that indeed the relationship does hold for systems with up to 5 moons in both resonant and non-resonant chain configurations. Our results suggest an observational bias against finding systems with large numbers of massive moons; as the number of moons increases, total satellite mass ratios are generally required to be significantly lower in order to maintain stability, or architectures must be more finely tuned to survive. Moons produced in impact or capture scenarios may therefore dominate early detections. Finally, we examine the distribution of TTV periods measured for a large number of Kepler objects of interest (KOIs) and find the same characteristic exomoon corridor distribution in several cases. This could be dynamical evidence for an abundance of moons in the field, though we caution against strong inferences based on this result.
The dependence of subhalo abundance matching on galaxy photometry and selection criteria
Authors: Stiskalek Richard , Desmond Harry , Holvey Thomas , Jones Michael G 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTSubhalo abundance matching (SHAM) is a popular technique for assigning galaxy mass or luminosity to haloes produced in N-body simulations. The method works by matching the cumulative number functions of the galaxy and halo properties, and is therefore sensitive both to the precise definitions of those properties and to the selection criteria used to define the samples. Further dependence follows when SHAM parameters are calibrated with galaxy clustering, which is known to depend strongly on the manner in which galaxies are selected. In this paper we introduce a new parametrization for SHAM and derive the best-fitting SHAM parameters as a function of various properties of the selection of the galaxy sample and of the photometric definition, including Sérsic versus Petrosian magnitudes, stellar masses versus r-band magnitudes, and optical (Sloan Digital Sky Survey) versus $\mathrm{H}\, \small {\rm I}$ (ALFALFA) selection. In each case we calculate the models’ goodness-of-fit to measurements of the projected two-point galaxy correlation function. In the optically selected samples we find strong evidence that the scatter in the galaxy–halo connection increases towards the faint end, and that AM performs better with luminosity than stellar mass. The SHAM parameters of optically and $\mathrm{H}\, \small {\rm I}$-selected galaxies are mutually exclusive, with the latter suggesting the importance of properties beyond halo mass. We provide best-fitting parameters for the SHAM galaxy–halo connection as a function of each of our input choices, extending the domain of validity of the model while reducing potential systematic error in its use.
Constraints on the presence of platinum and gold in the spectra of the kilonova AT2017gfo
Authors: Gillanders J H , McCann M , Sim S A , Smartt S J , Ballance C P 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Binary neutron star mergers are thought to be one of the dominant sites of production for rapid neutron capture elements, including platinum and gold. Since the discovery of the binary neutron star merger GW170817, and its associated kilonova AT2017gfo, numerous works have attempted to determine the composition of its outflowing material, but they have been hampered by the lack of complete atomic data. Here, we demonstrate how inclusion of new atomic data in synthetic spectra calculations can provide insights and constraints on the production of the heaviest elements. We employ theoretical atomic data (obtained using $\small {\rm GRASP}^{0}$) for neutral, singly and doubly ionized platinum and gold, to generate photospheric and simple nebular phase model spectra for kilonova-like ejecta properties. We make predictions for the locations of strong transitions, which could feasibly appear in the spectra of kilonovae that are rich in these species. We identify low-lying electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole transitions that may give rise to forbidden lines when the ejecta becomes optically thin. The strongest lines lie beyond 8000 Å, motivating high quality near-infrared spectroscopic follow-up of kilonova candidates. We compare our model spectra to the observed spectra of AT2017gfo, and conclude that no platinum or gold signatures are prominent in the ejecta. From our nebular phase modelling, we place tentative upper limits on the platinum and gold mass of ≲ a few 10−3 M⊙, and ≲ 10−2 M⊙, respectively. This work demonstrates how new atomic data of heavy elements can be included in radiative transfer calculations, and motivates future searches for elemental signatures.
The probabilistic random forest applied to the selection of quasar candidates in the QUBRICS survey
Authors: Guarneri Francesco , Calderone Giorgio , Cristiani Stefano , Fontanot Fabio , Boutsia Konstantina , Cupani Guido , Grazian Andrea , D’Odorico Valentina 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
The number of known, bright (i &lt; 18), high-redshift (z &gt; 2.5) QSOs in the Southern hemisphere is considerably lower than the corresponding number in the Northern hemisphere due to the lack of multiwavelength surveys at δ &lt; 0. Recent works, such as the QUBRICS survey, successfully identified new, high-redshift QSOs in the South by means of a machine-learning approach applied on a large photometric data-set. Building on the success of QUBRICS, we present a new QSO selection method based on the Probabilistic Random Forest (PRF), an improvement of the classic Random Forest algorithm. The PRF takes into account measurement errors, treating input data as probability distribution functions: this allows us to obtain better accuracy and a robust predictive model. We applied the PRF to the same photometric data-set used in QUBRICS, based on the SkyMapper DR1, Gaia DR2, 2MASS, WISE, and GALEX databases. The resulting candidate list includes 626 sources with i &lt; 18. We estimate for our proposed algorithm a completeness of ∼84 per cent and a purity of ${\sim}78{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ on the test data-sets. Preliminary spectroscopic campaigns allowed us to observe 41 candidates, of which 29 turned out to be z &gt; 2.5 QSOs. The performances of the PRF, currently comparable to those of the CCA, are expected to improve as the number of high-z QSOs available for the training sample grows: results are however already promising, despite this being one of the first applications of this method to an astrophysical context.
Axisymmetric magneto-plastic evolution of neutron-star crusts
Authors: Gourgouliatos Konstantinos N , Lander Samuel K 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Magnetic field evolution in neutron-star crusts is driven by the Hall effect and Ohmic dissipation, for as long as the crust is sufficiently strong to absorb Maxwell stresses exerted by the field and thus makes the momentum equation redundant. For the strongest neutron-star fields, however, stresses build to the point of crustal failure, at which point the standard evolution equations are no longer valid. Here, we study the evolution of the magnetic field of the crust up to and beyond crustal failure, whence the crust begins to flow plastically. We perform global axisymmetric evolutions, exploring different types of failures affecting a limited region of the crust. We find that a plastic flow does not simply suppress the Hall effect even in the regime of a low plastic viscosity, but it rather leads to non-trivial evolution – in some cases even overreacting and enhancing the impact of the Hall effect. Its impact is more pronounced in the toroidal field, with the differences on the poloidal field being less substantial. We argue that both the nature of magnetar bursts and their spin-down evolution will be affected by plastic flow, so that observations of these phenomena may help us to constrain the way the crust fails.
Interhemispheric Contralateral Transfalcine Approach for Subparacentral Arteriovenous Malformation: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Baldoncini Matías , Campero Alvaro , Luzzi Sabino , Villalonga Juan F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Neurovascular procedures along the interhemispheric fissure harbor unique features differentiating them from those arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) located at the lateral surface of the brain.
1-4

The aim of this 3-dimensional operative video is to present a microsurgical resection of an AVM in a subparacentral location, operated through an interhemispheric contralateral transfalcine approach.
1,3,5

This is a case of a 29-yr-old female, with headaches and history of seizures. The patient presented an interhemispheric bleeding 6 mo before the surgery. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a vascular lesion located on the medial surface of the right hemisphere at the confluence between the cingulate sulcus and its ascending sulcus. In the cerebral angiography, a right medial AVM was observed, receiving afference from the right anterior cerebral artery and draining to the superior longitudinal sinus. The patient signed an informed consent for the procedure and agreed with the use of her images and surgical video for research and academic purposes.
The patient was in a supine position, and a left interhemispheric contralateral transfalcine approach was performed,
1-3
a circumferential dissection of the nidus, and, finally, the AVM was resected in one piece.
The patient evolved without neurological deficits after the surgery. The postoperative MRI and angiography showed a complete resection of the AVM.
In the case presented, to avoid exposing the drainage vein first and to use the gravity of the exposure, the contralateral transfalcine interhemispheric approach was used,
1,2
which finally accomplished the proposed objectives.
Accumulation by Attachment: Colonial Benevolence and the Rule of Capital in Nineteenth-Century Panjab
Authors: Gill Navyug 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A persistent theme in the emergence of capitalism is the displacement of peasants from the countryside into industrializing cities, with regions not undergoing such a transition usually deemed semi-feudal, proto-capitalist or pre-modern. Instead of separations, however, Panjab was the site of an altogether different dynamic of accumulation based on forging a series of novel attachments. This article begins by tracing the East India Company’s conquest in 1849, and the development of an ostensibly benevolent land revenue settlement based on surveying, measuring and calculating agrarian potential. Next, it examines how this process generated a set of natural and human contingencies so that certain castes were fixed to parcels of land, and expected to pay increasing rates while cultivating global commodities and conducting exchanges in cash. To make sense of this difference, it then contrasts the archive of settlement work with Karl Marx’s narrative of primitive accumulation, to explicate the conditions and limitations of its universality. Together this demonstrates how caste-based peasant agriculture in Panjab was a new phenomenon implicated in a modern yet distinctive rule of capital. In a broader sense, this offers possibilities to rethink the politics of comparative analysis as well as the alterity of capitalist transitions across the colonial world.
Assessing Variation in State Opioid Tapering Laws: Comparing State Laws with the CDC Guideline
Authors: Danielson Elizabeth C , Harle Christopher A , Silverman Ross , Blackburn Justin , Menachemi Nir 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
In 2016, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention released an opioid prescribing guideline for primary care in response to opioid overdose deaths. Despite efforts to encourage safer prescribing practices, experts and federal agencies suspect prescribing guidelines may be misapplied in clinical practice, resulting in abrupt tapering from opioid therapy. Although state laws likely influence prescriber behavior, little is known about state tapering laws. Thus, we examined the scope and variation of state tapering laws compared with federal opioid guidelines.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive review of state laws through December 31, 2019, using keyword searches in LexisNexus. Identified laws were coded based on the inclusion of attributes derived from federal opioid guidelines and an expert consensus panel report. We examined whether law attributes were associated with state characteristics, including region, population, governor’s political affiliation, opioid prescribing rates, and opioid overdose rates.

Results
We found 27 states and one federal district had law(s) mentioning tapering. Most laws were authored by medical boards or workers’ compensation groups (65.6%) while some laws included a penalty (32.8%). Approximately half of guideline attributes (54.2%) were included in state laws; however, only two state’s laws cautioned against abrupt tapering. States with higher overdose death rates were more likely to enact a tapering law (P &lt; 0.001) and have a penalty (P = 0.007).

Conclusions
State tapering laws incorporate some federal guideline attributes but most lack attributes deemed critical by experts. Without clear instruction, patients risk inappropriate tapering and discontinuation of opioid therapy. Given these findings, policymakers should consider addressing this gap.
Library Patrons’ Psychosocial Needs: Perceptions of Need and Reasons for Accessing Social Work Services
Authors: Wahler Elizabeth A , Provence Mary A , Johnson Sarah C , Helling John , Williams Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPublic libraries in the United States have begun to partner with social work to address the psychosocial needs observed in patrons that are beyond the training and education of most library staff. This is a new area of inquiry with limited research available. Of the few published studies, the majority focus on staff perceptions of patrons’ needs and surveys of patrons experiencing homelessness about their use of public libraries. The present study is the first to examine and compare staff perception of patrons’ needs, patrons’ self-expressed needs, and the actual use of social work services by patrons within one library system. Comparisons are explored between actual service usage alongside the perception of patrons’ needs as originally reported by both staff and patron groups. Implications for library-based social work practice are discussed.
Validity Evidence for Assessing Entrustable Professional Activities During Undergraduate Medical Education
Authors: Violato Claudio , Cullen Michael J. , Englander Robert , Murray Katherine E. , Hobday Patricia M. , Borman-Shoap Emily , Ersan Ozge 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
To explore validity evidence for the use of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) as an assessment framework in medical education.

Method
Formative assessments on the 13 Core EPAs for entering residency were collected for 4 cohorts of students over a 9- to 12-month longitudinal integrated clerkship as part of the Education in Pediatrics Across the Continuum pilot at the University of Minnesota Medical School. The students requested assessments from clinical supervisors based on direct observation while engaging in patient care together. Based on each observation, the faculty member rated the student on a 9-point scale corresponding to levels of supervision required. Six EPAs were included in the present analyses. Student ratings were depicted as curves describing their performance over time; regression models were employed to fit the curves. The unit of analyses for the learning curves was observations rather than individual students.

Results
(1) Frequent assessments on EPAs provided a developmental picture of competence consistent with the negative exponential learning curve theory; (2) This finding was true across a variety of EPAs and across students; and (3) The time to attain the threshold level of performance on the EPA for entrustment varied by student and EPA.

Conclusions
The results provide validity evidence for an EPA-based program of assessment. Students assessed using multiple observations performing the Core EPAs for entering residency demonstrate classic developmental progression toward the desired level of competence resulting in entrustment decisions. Future work with larger data samples will allow further psychometric analyses of assessment of EPAs.
The Minnesota Method: A Learner-Driven, Entrustable Professional Activity-Based Comprehensive Program of Assessment for Medical Students
Authors: Hobday Patricia M. , Borman-Shoap Emily , Cullen Michael J. , Englander Robert , Murray Katherine E. 
Published: June 2021

Problem
Assessment has been the Achilles heel of competency-based medical education. It requires a program of assessment in which outcomes are clearly defined, students know where they are in the development of the competencies, and what the next steps are to attaining them. Achieving this goal in a feasible manner has been elusive with traditional assessment methods alone. The Education in Pediatrics Across the Continuum (EPAC) program at the University of Minnesota developed a robust program of assessment that has utility and recognizes when students are ready for the undergraduate to graduate medical education transition.

Approach
The authors developed a learner-driven program of assessment in the foundational clinical training of medical students in the EPAC program based on the Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Entering Residency (Core EPAs). Frequent workplace-based assessments, coupled with summative assessments, informed a quarterly clinical competency committee and individualized learning plans. The data were displayed on real time dashboards for the students to review.

Outcomes
Over 4 cohorts from 2015 to 2019, students (n = 13) averaged approximately 200 discrete Core EPA workplace-based assessments during their foundational clinical training year. Assessments were completed by an average of 9 different preceptors each month across 8 different specialties. The data were displayed in a way students and faculty could monitor development and inform a clinical competency committee’s ability to determine readiness to transition to advanced clinical rotations and residency.

Next Steps
The next steps include continuing to scale the program of assessment to a larger cohort of students.
Preoperative optimization of patients undergoing interventional procedures: infrastructure, logistics, and evidence-based medicine
Authors: Beg Tazeen , Daoud Bahaa E. , Richman Deborah C. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of review
Patients presenting for non-operating room procedures are often ‘too sick’ for surgery and require specific anesthesia care in remote areas with logistical and scheduling challenges.

Recent findings
Increased complexity and scope of minimally invasive procedures have expanded this practice. In addition, the concept of therapeutic options other than conventional surgery is gaining traction.

Summary
Our review of recent literature confirms the complexity and supports the safety of providing care in non-operating room anesthesia locations. Standard preanesthesia assessments and principles apply to these areas.
Nondrug Treatment Approaches Used in Alcohol and Substance Addictions and Related Factors
Authors: Turan Caglar , Yazici Esra , Yazici Ahmet B. , Erol Atila 
Published: June 2021

Objectives:
Current treatment methods in alcohol and substance use disorders (ASUDs) cannot meet the demands of patients for many reasons. This situation may result in individuals with addiction seeking different approaches. This study aims to investigate nondrug methods used by individuals with ASUD to cope with their disorder and the factors that may be associated with it.

Materials and Methods:
The study was carried out on 103 volunteer patients who presented to a Training and Research Hospital alcohol substance treatment center. In the study, the God Attachment Inventory, the Addiction Profile Index-Practitioner Form, and the Non-Drug Treatment Questionnaire were used, and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-1) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-2) psychiatric interviews were conducted.

Result:
In individuals with addiction, the rate of seeking any nondrug method was found to be 33%. To get rid of addiction, turning to religion was mostly preferred (24.3%). In terms of subheadings, self-help methods such as praying (17.4%) and engaging in sports (6.7%) were the most preferred. No relationship was found between the patients’ attachment style to God and personality disorder diagnoses and the frequency of seeking nondrug methods and the type of nondrug method. It has been found that there is a relationship between the severity of addiction and the use of nondrug methods.

Conclusions:
In addition to the medical approaches of patients with ASUD problems, it is observed that they attempt to cope using traditional and complementary methods and prefer the self-help methods among these methods. However, further studies are needed to investigate the contribution of these methods to current treatment methods.