bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental and occupational exposure to metals (manganese, mercury, iron) and Parkinson’s disease in low and middle-income countries: a narrative review
Authors: Gonzalez-Alvarez Maria Ana , Hernandez-Bonilla David , Plascencia-Alvarez Noel Isaias , Riojas-Rodriguez Horacio , Rosselli Diego 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We designed and conducted a narrative review consistent with the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018099498) to evaluate the association between environmental metals (manganese, mercury, iron) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD) in low and middle-income countries (LMIC).

Methods
Data sources: A total of 19 databases were screened, and 2,048 references were gathered. Study selection: Randomized controlled trials, cluster trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, nested case-control studies, ecological studies, cross-sectional studies, case series, and case reports carried out in human adults of LMIC, in which the association between at least one of these three metals and the primary outcome were reported. Data extraction: We extracted qualitative and quantitative data. The primary outcome was PD cases, defined by clinical criteria. A qualitative analysis was conducted.

Results
Fourteen observational studies fulfilled the selection criteria. Considerable variation was observed between these studies’ methodologies for the measurement of metal exposure and outcome assessment. A fraction of studies suggested an association between the exposure and primary outcome; nevertheless, these findings should be weighted and appraised on the studies’ design and its implementation limitations, flaws, and implications.

Conclusions
Further research is required to confirm a potential risk of metal exposure and its relationship to PD. To our awareness, this is the first attempt to evaluate the association between environmental and occupational exposure to metals and PD in LMIC settings using the social determinants of health as a framework.
Omnipresent meaning-interdependence and ubiquitous analyticity
Authors: Kawczyński Filip 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper I investigate the nature of the relation between meaning-interdependence and analyticity. The theory within which meaning-interdependence reaches its peak and becomes omnipresent is meaning holism, according to which every two expressions are meaning-interdependent. A lot of people reject holism partially due to the impression that the theory leads to the picture in which language is self-sufficient in the sense that it is nothing but a game of meanings which is detached from reality. What stands behind that impression is probably something along the lines: analyticity stems from meaning-interdependence, so if all expressions are meaning-interdependent, then everything appears analytic. I defend holism from this kind of objection. I start with showing that analyticity traditionally understood cannot pour over language within holism, because it is not applicable to the theory at all. Then, I argue that adopting some weaker notion of analyticity leads to the ubiquity of analyticity indeed, but analyticity so understood is too weak to actually endanger holism. Finally, I demonstrate that the problems with analyticity appear only when meaning-interdependence is treated in extremely superficial way. I also propose a very simple hierarchy of meaning-interdependence, based on Pagin’s total-pair holism, which immediately repeal the ‘ubiquitous analyticity’ problem.
Frontloading-Ansatz für Energieeffizienz in der Umformtechnik
Authors: Kluy Lukas , Becker Marco , Wächter Andreas , Groche Peter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In diesem Beitrag wird ein Frontloading-Ansatz zur Steigerung der Energieeffizenz in der umformtechnischen Prozessentwicklung methodisch und praktisch aufgezeigt. Besonders die frühen Phasen gehen mit hohen Freiheitsgraden in der Gestaltung einher und bieten deshalb Kostenvorteile bei der Umsetzung von Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen. Anhand zweier Umformverfahren wird eine Reduzierung des Gesamtenergieaufwands bei gleichbleibender Produktivität erzielt.**)
Entscheidungshilfe für IT-Sicherheitsinvestitionen
Authors: Heutmann Timo , Zhou Beiyan , Kiesel Raphael , Schmitt Robert H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) zögern oftmals, ihre Produktion zu digitalisieren und zu vernetzten. Durch die Vernetzung entstehen Angriffspunkten und Sicherheitslücken. Haupthindernis erfolgreicher Digitalisierung und Vernetzung ist daher insbesondere die IT-Sicherheit, die für viele KMU primär eine Investition, als einen Nutzen darstellt. Demenentsprechend ist eine Entscheidungshilfe notwendig, die es produzierenden Unternehmen ermöglicht, Investitionen in die IT-Sicherheit zu ermitteln und zu priorisieren. Die Anforderungen für dieses Werkzeug werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.**)
Investigations on Magnetic and Corrosive Characteristics of Thin Cold-Rolled Nonoriented Electrical Steel Sheets Post Gas Tungsten Arc and Laser Welding
Authors: Dharmik Bhushan Y. , Lautre Nitin Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Thin sheets (0.5 × 10−3 m) of cold-rolled nonoriented (CRNO) electrical steel are widely used for rotating electrical machines. Gas tungsten arc (GTA) and, recently, laser welding are used for welding M-43 grade CRNO steel. The performance of CRNO is thus explored because of changes in low-carbon, high-silicon content and thin insulation coatings post welding. The welding current for GTA varied from 30 to 110 A, whereas a laser of 800 W was used to estimate the heat affected zone (HAZ), fusion zone (FZ), and weld characteristic ratio. Ferritic phases with polygonal grain size, percent silicon content, magnetic losses, and welded corrosive samples corrosion rate (in mils penetration per year) are compared with the base material (average grain size 55 ± 12 μm). Five different corrodent (NaCl, NaOH, HCl, H2O, H2CO3) environments were created for 2,000 h as per ASTM B895-16(2020)e1, Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel Powder Metallurgy (PM) Parts/Specimens by Immersion in a Sodium Chloride Solution, and ASTM G31-72(1999), Standard Practice for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals standards. The GTA weld samples revealed much-increased weld geometry with welding current, and a significant increase in grain sizes up to 189.2 ± 4 μm for GTA and 187 ± 3 μm for the laser sample near the weld zone is observed. Microhardness variation is found to be in the range of 55 HV for GTA and 51 HV for laser samples in the FZ region with reference to the base metal hardness of 227 HV. In addition, the increase in core loss of 58.72 % for GTA and 39.82 % for laser samples with reference to nonwelded samples is observed.
High Strain Rate Behavior of GTM-900 Titanium Alloy
Authors: Thammaiah B. R. , Fernando Chandru D. , Majila Anuradha Nayak , Anilchandra A. R. , Nandana M. S. , Bhat Udaya K. , Manjunatha C. M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
GTM-900 is an α + β alloy of titanium used in low-pressure (LP) compressor blades of gas turbine (GT) engines. The maximum allowable operating temperature of this alloy is 500°C. Silicon is added to enhance the creep resistance at elevated temperatures. The aim of this work is to establish the microstructural stability of this alloy and determine the high strain rate Johnson-Cook (J-C) material parameters such as A, B, and n. The material parameters are subsequently used by designers to simulate the “blade-off” and “casing containment” capability of the LP compressor blade. Split Hopkinson tensile bar was used to conduct high strain rate tests at about 2,000 s−1, and at three different temperatures, viz., 25°C, 300°C, and 500°C, to simulate critical conditions. Data obtained from these testing were used to construct a J-C model. Flow stress increased with an increase in strain rate and decreased with an increase in temperature because of thermal softening. Characterization, using optical and electron microscopes, indicated that the microstructure was stable even after the deformation at 500°C. The presence of needle-like silicide phase was observed under transmission electron microscopy and the composition was verified with X-ray diffraction results. A high strain hardening rate was observed even at elevated temperatures in this alloy (n ≈ 0.54 at 2,000 s−1 and 500°C) compared to Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy (n ≈ 0.28). Considering good strength and microstructural stability up to 500°C, the present material offers to be an attractive alternate to other contemporary titanium alloys currently used in GT engine applications.
FEZ1 Forms Complexes with CRMP1 and DCC to Regulate Axon and Dendrite Development
Authors: Chua Jie Yin , Ng Shi Jun , Yagensky Oleksandr , Wanker Erich E. , Chua John Jia En 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElaboration of neuronal processes is an early step in neuronal development. Guidance cues must work closely with intracellular trafficking pathways to direct expanding axons and dendrites to their target neurons during the formation of neuronal networks. However, how such coordination is achieved remains incompletely understood. Here, we characterize an interaction between fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1 (FEZ1), an adapter involved in synaptic protein transport, and collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP)1, a protein that functions in growth cone guidance, at neuronal growth cones. We show that similar to CRMP1 loss-of-function mutants, FEZ1 deficiency in rat hippocampal neurons causes growth cone collapse and impairs axonal development. Strikingly, FEZ1-deficient neurons also exhibited a reduction in dendritic complexity stronger than that observed in CRMP1-deficient neurons, suggesting that the former could partake in additional developmental signaling pathways. Supporting this, FEZ1 colocalizes with VAMP2 in developing hippocampal neurons and forms a separate complex with deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and Syntaxin-1 (Stx1), components of the Netrin-1 signaling pathway that are also involved in regulating axon and dendrite development. Significantly, developing axons and dendrites of FEZ1-deficient neurons fail to respond to Netrin-1 or Netrin-1 and Sema3A treatment, respectively. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of FEZ1 as a common effector to integrate guidance signaling pathways with intracellular trafficking to mediate axo-dendrite development during neuronal network formation.
Characterization of patients with adrenal insufficiency and frequent adrenal crises
Authors: Quinkler Marcus , Murray Robert D , Zhang Pinggao , Marelli Claudio , Petermann Robert , Isidori Andrea M , Ekman Bertil , _ _ 
Published: March 2021

Objective
This study aimed to characterize the clinical and biochemical features of patients with primary (PAI) and secondary (SAI) adrenal insufficiency who developed adrenal crises (ACs) and estimate the incidence of ACs in these patients.

Design
Retrospective case-control analysis of the European Adrenal Insufficiency Registry (EU-AIR; NCT01661387).

Methods
Two thousand six hundred and ninety-four patients with AI (1054 PAI; 1640 SAI) enrolled in EU-AIR. Patients who developed ≥ 1 AC were matchd 1:3 with patients without ACs for age, sex and AI type. Data were collected at baseline and follow-up (mean ± s.d.: PAI 3.2 ± 1.7 years; SAI 2.9 ± 1.7 years).

Results
One hundred and forty-eight out of 2694 patients (5.5%; n  = 84 PAI; n  = 64 SAI) had an AC during the study: 6.53 (PAI) and 3.17 (SAI) ACs/100 patient-years. Of patients who experienced an AC, 16% (PAI) and 9.4% (SAI) experienced ≥ 1 AC/year. The incidence of adverse events, infectious intercurrent illnesses and infectious serious adverse events were higher in patients with ACs than without ACs. No differences were observed in BMI, HbA1c, blood pressure and frequencies of diabetes mellitus or hypertension between subgroups (PAI and SAI, with and without ACs). At baseline, PAI patients with AC had higher serum potassium (4.3 ± 0.5 vs 4.2 ± 0.4 mmol/L; P = 0.03) and lower sodium (138.5 ± 3.4 vs 139.7 ± 2.9 mmol/L; P = 0.004) than patients without AC. At last observation, SAI patients with AC had higher hydrocortisone doses than patients without AC (11.9 ± 5.1 vs 10.1 ± 2.9 mg/m2; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that concomitant diseases and cardiovascular risk factors do not feature in the risk profile of AC; however, patients with AC had a higher incidence of infectious events.
Equivalence Curves for Healthy Lifestyle Choices
Authors: Ng Emily , Wake Melissa , Olds Timothy , Lycett Kate , Edwards Ben , Le Ha , Dumuid Dorothea 
Published: March 2021

In this population-based cohort of 1179 children 11 to 12 years of age, equivalent benefits to adiposity and HRQoL were associated with different changes (trade-offs) in activities.BACKGROUNDUnderstanding equivalence of time-use trade-offs may inform tailored lifestyle choices. We explored which time reallocations were associated with equivalent changes in children’s health outcomes.METHODSParticipants were from the cross-sectional Child Health CheckPoint Study (N = 1181; 11–12 years; 50% boys) nested within the population-based Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Outcomes were adiposity (bioelectrical impedance analysis, BMI and waist girth), self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL; Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory), and academic achievement (standardized national tests). Participants’ 24-hour time use (sleep, sedentary behavior, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) from 8-day 24-hour accelerometry was regressed against outcomes by using compositional log-ratio linear regression models.RESULTSChildren with lower adiposity and higher HRQoL had more MVPA (both P &lt; .001) and sleep (P = .002; P = .008), and less sedentary time (P = .02; P = .001) and light physical activity (P &lt; .001; P = .04), each relative to remaining activities. Children with better academic achievement had more sedentary time (P = .03) and less light physical activity (P = .006), each relative to remaining activities. A 0.1 standardized decrease in adiposity was associated with either 55 minutes more sleep, 89 minutes less sedentary time, 34 minutes less light physical activity, or 19 minutes more MVPA. A 0.1 standardized increase in HRQoL was associated with either 64 minutes more sleep, 65 minutes less sedentary time, 72 minutes less light physical activity, or 29 minutes more MVPA.CONCLUSIONSEquivalent differences in outcomes were associated with several time reallocations. On a minute-for-minute basis, MVPA was 2 to 6 times as potent as sleep or sedentary time.
Exploring the relationship between microdosing, personality and emotional insight: A prospective study
Authors: Dressler Hannah M. , Bright Stephen J. , Polito Vince 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackround and aimsHaving entered the recent public and research zeitgeist, microdosing involves consuming sub-perceptual doses of psychedelic drugs, allegedly to enhance performance, creativity, and wellbeing. The results of research to date have been mixed. Whereas most studies have reported positive impacts of microdosing, some microdosers have also reported adverse effects. In addition, research to date has revealed inconsistent patterns of change in personality traits. This prospective study explored the relationship between microdosing, personality change, and emotional awareness.MethodsMeasures of personality and alexithymia were collected at two time points. 76 microdosers participated at baseline. Invitations to a follow-up survey were sent out after 31 days, and 24 participants were retained.ResultsConscientiousness increased, while neuroticism decreased across these time points (n = 24). At baseline (N = 76), neuroticism was associated with alexithymia. In addition, neuroticism correlated negatively with duration of prior microdosing experience, and extraversion correlated positively with both duration of prior microdosing experience and lifetime number of microdoses.ConclusionThese results suggest that microdosing might have an impact on otherwise stable personality traits.
Physical activity during pregnancy alters gene expression in neonatal tissue
Authors: Reynolds L.J. , Vsevolozhskaya O.A. , Rice B.B. , Chavan N.R. , Dugan A.J. , Maddox H.F. , Preston J.D. , DeHoff L.B. , O'Brien J.M. , Pearson K.J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReducing the risk of developing chronic disease, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, is an important component of successful aging. Offspring born to mothers who exercise during pregnancy have improved body composition and metabolic profiles. However, mechanisms to explain this phenomenon are lacking.PurposeThis study examined whether maternal step counts were correlated with neonatal gene expression markers related to glucose metabolism and adipogenesis.MethodsPhysical activity levels were assessed in women with male neonates via Fitbit Flex® during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. The dartos and epidermal/dermal layers of the foreskin were collected following circumcision in full-term, singleton, neonates (n = 12 dartos and n = 14 dermal). Tissue was homogenized, RNA isolated, and a NanoString code set was run to quantify a panel of genes related to glucose metabolism and adipogenesis.ResultsTwelve genes were correlated to steps per day with a P-value of <0.05. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, six genes remained significantly correlated to steps per day (False Discovery Rate-corrected P-value < 0.10). Notably, glucose transporter 1, adiponectin receptor 1, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and beta were positively correlated with steps per day, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1- alpha were negatively correlated with steps per day.ConclusionMaternal physical activity is associated with offspring gene expression markers of adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake. Future studies should aim to mechanistically examine whether these markers are driving increased adiposity in offspring born to sedentary mothers.
Combined electro-thermal model for PV panels
Authors: Abdulrazzaq Ali Kareem , Bognár György , Plesz Balázs 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a combined electro-thermal model to serve the aim of accurate output power prediction of photovoltaic systems, based on the concept of the thermal energy balance. The electrical sub-model is built based on fitting a surface to the current-voltage curves collected under wide range temperatures and irradiances. For this purpose, the current-voltage characteristic curves are reproduced using two different methods. The thermal sub-model considers all the effective heat transfer mechanisms to estimate the photovoltaic module junction temperature. The Newton-Raphson iterative method is used as a solving algorithm to calculate the photovoltaic junction temperature. The collected results prove the applicability of the model under a wide range of environmental conditions.
High Intensity Intermittent Exercise Plays a Role in Improving Brain Activation During Complex Executive Functional Tasks
Authors: Shenoy Shweta , Khandekar Prachi , Sathe Abhinav 
Published: March 2021

Several neuroimaging studies have examined the effect of different types and combinations of exercises on activation of brain associated with cognitive testing but none of these studies have examined the role of high intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) in altering cortical activation from simple to complex cognitive tasks.
The purpose of this study was to find if HIIE has a role in modulating executive functions related to inhibitory control as expressed by changes in prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation.
Materials and methods. 40 healthy adults aged between 18-30 years volunteered for the study. They were randomly divided into HIIE a (n = 20) group and a control (n = 20) group. The HIIE group performed 4*4 min of high intensity exercise on a cycle ergometer with 3 minutes of active recovery at lower intensities between the bouts, whereas the control group performed no exercise. Prefrontal hemodynamics (oxy and deoxy haemoglobin) were assessed using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during the Colour Word Stroop test (CWST) on two sessions: pre-session and post-session (1 week after pre-session).
Results. The results indicate a significant difference in CWST scores which coincided with a significant difference in hemodynamics of PFC between a congruent and a complex incongruent task in the HIIE group. There was a greater activation of the right frontopolar area, the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and the left frontopolar area during the incongruent task in response to acute HIIE.
Conclusion. HIIE plays a role in changing brain activation during more complex interference related tasks.
Effectiveness of Using Active Games for Strength Development in 10-Year-Old Boys at the Initial Training Stage in Kyokushin Karate
Authors: Marchenko Svitlana , Satdyiev Bahtiiar 
Published: March 2021

The objective of the study was to examine the level of strength fitness indicators of 10-year-old boys who do Kyokushin Karate, and experimentally test the effectiveness of the impact of play techniques on the dynamics of strength development.
Materials and methods. The study involved 40 10-year-old boys. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. To achieve the objective set, the following research methods were used: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, and methods of mathematical statistics for processing research results.
Results. There were the biggest changes in the results of the tests “Standing long jump” by 15.9% (р < 0.001), “Sit-ups in 30 s” by 16.0% (р < 0.001), “Pull-ups” by 18.3% (р < 0.001), and “Bent arm hang” by 15.6% (р < 0.001). The experimental group boys’ result of the “Standing long jump” changed from low to above average. The lowest increase in results was observed in the “Right hand grip test” by 7.2% (р < 0.001), “Left hand grip test” by 6.9% (р < 0.001), and“Push-ups” by 11.8% (р < 0.001).
Conclusions. The initial level of the boys’ strength fitness is sufficient and conforms to age norms. Most of them had an average – 30.36%, an above average – 19.64%, and a high – 23.21% level of strength abilities development. The data obtained give reason to recommend that teachers and coaches use active games aimed at developing strength. As a result of using play load (5 games, 3 repetitions with rest intervals of 40 s), there was a statistically significant increase in strength indicators (р < 0.001).
Genetic Diversity of Natural Morchella spp. from the Southern Gansu Province Based on rDNA-ITS, China
Authors: Wang L. , Zhou Q.P. , Liu J.M. , Shi G.H. 
Published: March 2021

Background: China is a mainland country rich in natural Morchella spp. resources. At present, about half of the natural Morchella spp. in the world has been recorded in China. The current study was aimed at the classification and cultivation of Morchella spp. This study provided a more accurate molecular trait for the systematic classification of Morchella spp. in southern Gansu Province, China. Methods: From April to May 2019. Based on the molecular biological analysis of 16 natural Morchella spp. strains collected from the southern Gansu province, China. the ITS fragments between transcripts of the rDNA gene were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Result: The results of BLAST comparison according to GenBank showed that the 16 tested strains of Morchella spp. were classified into 5 species, which were M.angusticeps, M.esculenta, M.elata, M.crapssipes and M.conica. According to the molecular evolutionary trees constructed by the Maximum-Parsimony method (MP) and the Neighbour-Joining method (NJ), the topological structures of the two molecular evolutionary trees were similar and the Bootstrap verification had a high support rate, indicating that the phylogenetic relationship had high credibility.