bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing Scenario of Anemia Among Women in India: Understanding the Maternal Health Concern and Its Associated Predictors Through National Family Health Survey
Authors: Roy Nivedita , Mishra Vijay Kumar , Mishra Piyush Kumar , Bandhu Ashish , Dhakad Rajeev 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To study the changes in Anemia among women and to study the association between anemia and socio-demographic and economic predictors, also estimating the percentage contribution of selected predictors to Anemia among women belonging to poor and non-poor households.Methods: The State-wise percentages were taken from the extracted factsheets of National Family Health Survey 2015-2016 and 2019-2020. Absolute and relative percent changes to understand the changes in prevalence have been calculated. Multiple logistic regression was done to understand the associated varying predictors of Anemia among women. Percentage contribution of selected varying predictors through multivariate decomposition analysis have also been estimated. Results: Anemia prevalence was found the highest among the women in Goa and least in Lakshwadeep. The relative change in prevalence of Anemia was highest in Assam and lowest in Lakshwadeep. Socio-economic factors like marriage at a young age, lack of education, exposure to media, malnutrition, and poor economic status contribute significantly to the prevalence of Anemia among women of age 15-49 years.Conclusion: It is seen that the socio-demographic and economic burden on Anemia still continues to be higher than other medical predictors. The focus should be made more on education, malnutrition, and economic status to reduce the prevalence of Anemia.
The Inhibitory Effect of KIAA1456 on the Proliferation and Metastasis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Through SSX1 and AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Yingfeng , Gao Yanhong , Sun Congcong , Mao Yanhua , Wu Benyuan , Li Changjiang , Zhang Wenwen , Wang Jia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: KIAA1456 is effective in the inhibition of tumorigenesis. We previously confirmed that KIAA1456 inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis in epithelial ovarian tumours. In the current study, the specific molecular mechanisms and clinical significance of KIAA1456 underlying the repression of epithelial ovarian cancer were investigated.Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the protein expression of KIAA1456 and SSX1 in epithelial ovarian tumours and normal ovarian tissues. The relationship of KIAA1456 and SSX1 with overall survival of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer was analysed with Kaplan–Meier survival curve and log-rank tests. KIAA1456 was overexpressed and silenced in HO8910PM cells with a lentivirus. The anticancer activity of KIAA1456 was tested by CCK8, plate clone formation assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay. Xenograft tumour models were used to investigate the effects of KIAA1456 on tumour growth in vivo. Bioinformatics analyses of microarray profiling indicated that SSX1 and the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway were differentially expressed in KIAA1456-overexpressing and control cells. Therefore, the biological function of HO8910PM cotransfected with KIAA1456- and SSX1-overexpressing cells was detected to validate the rescue effect of SSX1. The downstream factors of PI3K/AKT that are related to cell growth and apoptosis, including p-AKT, PCNA, MMP9, CyclinD1 and Bcl-2, were detected by Western blot analysis.Results: KIAA1456 expression was lower in epithelial ovarian tumours than in normal ovarian tissues. Its expression level negatively correlated with pathological grade. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that KIAA1456 negatively correlated with SSX1 expression. The overexpression of KIAA1456 in HO8910PM cells inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis. By contrast, the silencing of KIAA1456 resulted in the opposite behaviour. A xenograft tumour experiment showed that KIAA1456 overexpression inhibited tumour growth in vivo. Mechanistically, the overexpression of KIAA1456 inhibited SSX1 expression and AKT phosphorylation in HO8910PM cells, causing the inactivation of the AKT signalling pathway and eventually reducing the expression of PCNA, CyclinD1, MMP9 and Bcl2. Similarly, the silencing of KIAA1456 resulted in the opposite behaviour. Finally, SSX1 overexpression could partially reverse the KIAA1456-induced biological effect.Conclusion: KIAA1456 may serve as a tumour suppressor via the inactivation of SSX1 and the AKT pathway, providing a promising therapeutic target for epithelial ovarian cancers.
COVID-19 Perception, Attitude, and Communication (COVPAC) Survey; the Value of Perceived Risk to Adherence
Authors: Awua Adolf Kofi , Doe Edna Dzifa , Nuro-Ameyaw Deborah , Akortia Eric 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aim: An understanding of the following; the level of knowledge, perception, attitudes, and the nature of risk communication to a population is important to national efforts at disease control in a situation of epidemic and pandemic. To this end, it was aimed to provide insight on the knowledge, perception, and attitude towards coronavirus disease-19 prevention, particularly, towards communication and adherence to protocols. The survey was carried out during the second wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infections and the reopening of schools in the country. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional online survey with a self-administered Knowledge-Attitude-Practise questionnaire was conducted between January and February 2021. Overall, two hundred and eight (208) cohorts were reached via WhatsApp by a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. Results: Although, the demographic information was generally unbiased, the educational level showed that the findings were mainly skewed towards the high-end of the educated in Ghana. It was evident that there were non-coronavirus disease-19 related prevention actions that complemented the COVID-19 prevention protocol. Additionally, self-driven factors were the least source of motivation to adhering to prevention protocols, while other people’s behaviour and new COVID-19 related information and related risk of harm to pupils were the most motivating factors on the perceptions on adherence to the prevention protocols. Conclusion: The study provides useful insights on a section of the population that is the high-end of the expectations on adherence. This, therefore, forms a useful basis for what should be expected among the general population and for newer prevention actions such as the ongoing vaccination campaigns.
Retrospective mercury exposure and current symptoms of nervous system dysfunction in adults of a First Nation community (Canada)
Authors: Philibert Aline , Fillion Myriam , Silva Judy Da , Lena Tanya Suvendrini , Mergler Donna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The watershed in Asubpeeschoseewagong Netum Anishinabek (Grassy Narrows First Nation) territory has been contaminated by mercury (Hg) since 1962, resulting in very high Hg concentrations in fish, central to the community’s culture, traditions, economy and diet. Biomarkers of Hg (umbilical cord blood and hair/blood samples), monitored between 1970 and 1997, decreased over time. A recent Grassy Narrows Community Health Assessment (GN-CHA) survey included current symptoms of nervous system dysfunction. The present study aimed to cluster self-reported symptoms and examine their relation to past Hg exposure. Methods: The GN-CHA included 391 Registered adult Band members. Symptom clustering used a two-step segmentation approach. Umbilical cord Hg and yearly measurements of hair Hg were available for 242 participants. Longitudinal Mixed Effects Models (LMEM) served to examine past hair Hg with respect to clusters. Structural Equation Models (SEM) displayed direct and indirect pathways between Hg exposure and clusters, with Hg exposure modelled as a latent variable or in separate time periods (prenatal, childhood and having had hair Hg ≥ 5µg/g at least once). Results: A total of 37 symptoms bonded into 6 clusters, representing Extrapyramidal impairment, Sensory impairment, Cranial nerve disturbances, Gross motor impairment, Neuro-cognitive deficits and Affect/Mood disorders. Median Hg concentrations were 5µg/L (1-78.5) and 1.1µg/g (0.2-16) for umbilical cord and childhood hair, respectively. More than one-third (36.6%) had hair Hg ≥ 5 µg/g at least once. LMEM shows higher long-term hair Hg among those with higher scores for most clusters. In SEM, latent Hg is directly and indirectly associated with all clusters. The contribution of prenatal exposure is mediated by childhood exposure, except for Affect/Mood disorders, where the association is direct. Hair Hg ≥ 5 µg/g is directly related to Extrapyramidal and Sensory impairment. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that in this First Nation community, past Hg exposure from fish consumption was associated with later-life clusters of coexisting symptoms of nervous system dysfunction. Given the complexity of the interrelations between the various determinants of chronic health problems in this and other First Nation communities, LMEM and SEM methods provide the opportunity to trace direct and/or indirect effect routes of potential “causal impact”.
The Reasons for Informal Payments from the Perspective of Health Care Providers and Recipients: A Qualitative Study in Iran
Authors: Arab Mohammad , Khosravi Bahman , Safari Hosein , Rahmani Hojat , Rajabi Ghasem , Mobinizadeh Mohammadreza , Habibi Farhad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Informal payments are one of the major obstacles to health system reform in many developing countries, and its elimination is on the agenda of health system policymakers in many countries, including Iran. This study was conducted to identify the causes of informal payments in the Iranian health system.Methods: This was a qualitative and exploratory study. The study population included health care providers and health care recipients. Data were collected using open-ended questions and semi-structured interviews. Convenience and snowball sampling methods were used to select the providers. Content analysis method was used to analyze the data.Results: In the present study, 6 participants were physicians, 4 were hospital managers or CEOs, 4 were treatment or technical managers, 2 were nurses and 12 were patients or their companions. Reasons for informal payments divided in 4 themes include Economic factors, Socio-cultural factors, Service delivery challenges and Legal-political factors.Conclusions: In the Iranian health system, there is a great effort in order to reduce and eliminate the informal payments phenomenon, especially with the implementation of the health system transformation plan. Knowing the causes of this phenomenon can help reduce or eliminate it.
Health Systems Strengthening Interventions for Perinatal Common Mental Disorders and Experiences of Domestic Violence in Cape Town, South Africa: Protocol for a Pilot Implementation Study
Authors: Abrahams Zulfa , Schneider Marguerite , Honikman Simone , Olckers Patti , Boisits Sonet , Seward Nadine , Lund Crick 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: During the perinatal period, common mental disorders (CMDs) such as depression and anxiety are highly prevalent, especially in low resource settings, and are associated with domestic violence, poverty and food insecurity. Perinatal CMDs have been associated with several adverse maternal and child outcomes. While the Department of Health in South Africa provides healthcare workers with the tools to detect psychological distress and experiences of domestic violence, few healthcare workers routinely screen pregnant women at clinic visits, citing discomfort with mental health issues and the lack of standardised referral pathways as the key barriers. The aim of this study is to select and evaluate a set of health systems strengthening (HSS) interventions aimed at improving the care and outcomes for perinatal women with CMDs and experiences of domestic violence, attending public healthcare facilities in Cape Town.Methods: This study consists of a pre-implementation, development, and implementation phase. Contextual barriers identified during the pre-implementation phase included poor patient knowledge and health-seeking behaviour, high levels of stigma, and poor detection, referral and treatment rates. Implementation science determinant frameworks were applied to findings from the pre-implementation phase to identify determinants and gaps in delivering high-quality evidence-informed care. A participatory Theory of Change workshop was used to design a HSS programme, consisting of awareness raising, detection, referral, and treatment. HSS interventions selected to support the delivery of the HSS programme includes training, health promotion, change to the healthcare environment, task-sharing, audit and feedback and performance monitoring. The implementation phase will be used to assess several implementation and clinical outcomes associated with delivery of the HSS programme, which will be piloted at three healthcare facilities. Qualitative and quantitative methods will be used to evaluate the implementation and clinical outcomes. Discussion: This pilot implementation study will inform us about a range of implementation and clinical outcome measures that are relevant for assessing health systems strengthening interventions for perinatal women with depression, anxiety or experiences of domestic violence in low resource settings. Lessons learnt from the pilot study will be incorporated into the design of a cluster randomised control trial for which further funding will be sought.
Revealing the Systematic Nature of Coral Attachment to Reef Substrates
Authors: Lewis Brett , Suggett David , Prentis Peter , Nothdurft Luke 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Reef-building coral colonies propagate by periodic sexual reproduction and continuous asexual fragmentation. The latter depends on successful attachment to the reef substrate through modification of soft tissues and skeletal growth. Despite decades of research examining coral sexual and asexual propagation, the contact response, tissue motion, and cellular reorganisation responsible for attaching to the substrate via a newly formed skeleton have not been documented. Here, we correlated fluorescence and electron microscopy image data with ‘live’ microscopic time-lapse of the coral tissue biomechanics and developed a multiscale imaging approach to establish the first “coral attachment model” (CAM) - identifying three distinct phases that determine the timing and success of attachment during asexual propagation: (i) an initial immune response, followed by (ii) fragment stabilisation through anchoring by the soft tissue and (iii) formation of a “lappet appendage” structure leading to substrate bonding of the tissue for encrustation through the onset of skeletal calcification. In developing CAM, we provide new frameworks and metrics that enable reef researchers, managers and coral restoration practitioners to evaluate attachment effectiveness needed to optimise species-substrate compatibility.
Competition Between The Tadpoles of Toads Versus Frogs: A Study of Four Japanese Anuran Taxa
Authors: Haramura Takashi , Eto Koshiro , Crossland Michael R. , Nishikawa Kanto , Shine Richard 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Competition within and among species can play a key role in structuring the assemblages of anuran tadpoles. Previous studies have reported that tadpoles of the invasive cane toad (Rhinella marina) are more strongly disadvantaged by the presence of native frog tadpoles than by the same number of conspecific toad tadpoles. That effect might arise from a lack of coevolution of the invasive toad with its competitors; and/or from a generalized superiority of frog tadpoles over toad tadpoles. To clarify those possibilities, we conducted experimental trials using the larvae of a native rather than invasive toad (Bufo japonicus formosus in Japan) exposed to larvae of native anurans (the sympatric frogs Rana japonica and Rana ornativentris and the parapatric toad Bufo japonicus japonicus). In intraspecific competition trials, higher densities of B. j. formosus prolonged the larval period and reduced size at metamorphosis, but did not affect survival. In interspecific competition trials, the effects of the other anuran species on B. j. formosus were similar to the effects of the same number of conspecific larvae. This similarity in impact of interspecific versus intraspecific competition argues against any overall competitive superiority of frog larvae over toad larvae. Instead, the vulnerability of larval cane toads to frog tadpoles may result from a lack of coevolutionary history.
Impact of Library Activities on Labour Market Outcome
Authors: Utkirov Abbos , Salahodjayev Rauf 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
PurposeThis paper investigates the impact of the Learning Resource Centre activities of Westminster International University Tashkent (WIUT) graduated students on the labour market outcome. WIUT library provides a learning environment that helps students create functional teams and individual projects to support employability. The study aims to clarify the relationship between library activities and labour market outcomes. It proposes an employability guide to improve a commercial responsiveness workshop in collaboration with other services and alumni voices.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research approach was employed; an online survey questionnaire was distributed to alumni students to obtain the data. It was a semi-structured questionnaire designed using a Likert Scale to collect data from 607 graduates.FindingsThe study revealed that LRC activities have a significant impact on labour market outcomes for students. LRC activities such as presentation skills, information technology skills, problem-solving skills, research skills were expected mainly by the labour market.Research limitationsThe study was focused only on graduates of WIUT, which may limit the generalizability. Therefore, the researcher proposed to study and compare other graduates of universities in Uzbekistan.Practical implicationsThe insights are valuable for planning the curriculum of LRC activities and developing teaching practices at WIUT. Moreover, current and graduate students can learn market-oriented skills and labour market demands.Originality/valueThis is the first-ever study in Uzbekistan that explores the relationship of university library activities on the employability skills of alumni.
Possibility of Using Flexible Dentures Over Iliac Bone Graft in Adolescent Patients With Ameloblastoma: A Case Report
Authors: Belal Ammar , Monther Bassil , Alzarif Wael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe use of bone grafts is a common procedure after excision and reconstruction of the mandible, but it is rare in children and adolescents due to incomplete growth, which means a long transition period until reaching an appropriate age for implantation or predictable outcomes. Case PresentationThis article describes 9 months follow-up of the use of a flexible denture above a bone graft taken from the anterior iliac crest for adolescent Patients with resected mandible due to ameloblastoma.Taking into account prosthetic considerations, radiography, and clinical monitoring, showed no problems with the graft.ConclusionIt is safe to use a flexible denture as prosthetic over Iliac bone graft block during healing period.
Development of Mycelium Materials Incubating Pleurotus Ostreatus Fungi With Different Substrates Composed of Poplar Sawdust and Cottonseed Hull
Authors: Ding Rong , Yang Xinyu , Peng Liucheng , Xie Jing , Chen Chenwei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The mycelium materials incubating Pleurotus ostreatus fungi based on different substrate compositions were developed, the main components of which were poplar sawdust and cottonseed hull in different proportions. The hyphae on the surface of the samples become dense from appearance due to the addition of cottonseed hull. The Fourier Transforms Infrared analysis revealed that the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in substrates of all samples were degraded in different degrees owing to utilization by hyphae growth. The morphology and mechanical properties of the mycelial materials changed as the substrate compositions varied. The difference of properties among all mycelium materials was mainly attributed to the growth of mycelium and different substrate compositions. And the mycelium material (the ratio of poplar sawdust to cottonseed hull was 1) exhibited highest strength and lowest compression set, indicating that its size recovery capability was best. In comparison, the substrate of this material was more favorable to the growth of the mycelium and it showed optimal comprehensive performance among all samples. The mycelium material showed good potentiality for packaging application.
Prognostic Values of the Gross Volume of Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Definitive Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Li Yang , Li Yanqi , Zhu Fuyi , Wei Xiaoying , Guo Zhoubo , Zhang Tian , Chen Xi , Wei Hui , Zhang Wencheng , Pang Qingsong , Wang Ping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose

We aim to explore whether the gross volume of metastatic lymph nodes (GTVnd) and the gross volume of primary tumor (GTVp) could be prognostic factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (dCCRT).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 252 ESCC patients treated with dCCRT in the era of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) at our institution. The cut-off value for the GTVnd derived from the restricted cubic splines (RCS) was determined. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were performed to determine the association between GTVnd and prognosis. we performed recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) method using GTVnd to develop a new risk stratification (TGTVndM). Moreover, the linear trend χ2, likelihood ratio χ2, and akaike information criterion (AIC) were used to determine the prognostic value between the TNM and TGTVndM staging systems.

Results

The five-year overall survival (OS) rate was 30.6%, with a median follow-up of 38 months. The cut-off value of GTVnd determined by the RCS was 4.35 cm3. GTVnd≥4.35 cm3 was an independent and significant negative prognostic factor for OS (HR=1.949, P<0.001), progression free survival (PFS) (HR=1.425, P=0.048), and distance metastasis free survival (DMFS) (HR=2.548, P=0.001). In multivariable analysis, gender, clinical T stage, and GTVnd were independently associated with OS. RPA segregated patients into 3 prognostic groups: high risk (T1-4 GTVnd≥4.35, n=126, III stage), intermediate risk (T4 GTVnd<4.35,n=38,II stage), and low risk(T1-3GTVnd<4.35, n=88, I stage). The 5-year OS(P<0.001), PFS (P=0.002), and DMFS (P=0.001) were significantly worse in high-risk group in comparison with the intermediate and low risk groups. Compared with the TNM staging system, the clinical T stage combined with GTVnd (TGTVndM) had a higher linear trend χ2 (26.38 versus 25.77), higher likelihood ratio χ2 (24.39 versus 20.69), and lower AIC (1255.07 versus 1260.06).

Conclusions

GTVnd may serve as a good prognostic factor in predicting distant metastasis and death for ESCC patients treated with dCCRT. The TGTVndM staging system demonstrated superior accuracy for predicting OS and could serve as a more effective prognostic guidance for unresectable ESCC patients.