bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diffusion of innovation theory and the effects of IFRS adoption by multinational corporations on capital market performance: a cross‐countryanalysis
Authors: Elmghaamez Ibrahim Khalifa , Attah‐Boakye Rexford , Adams Kweku , Agyemang Jacob 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article seeks to contribute to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) literature by examining the effects of adopting IFRS on stock market performance worldwide from the diffusion of innovation theory perspective. Our study revealed several interesting findings after using combinations of unique panel data sets from 110 countries worldwide and conducting a robust empirical analysis from 1995 to 2014. First, we found a positive association between late mandatory IFRS adoption and stock market integration in Europe. Second, our findings indicate a significant negative association between early IFRS adoption and the following financial indicators: stock market trading volumes, stock market capitalization, market turnover, and market return. Third, our study reveals an insignificant association between early IFRS adoption and stock price volatility alongside stock market development. Our findings are robust and have significant practical and policy implications for regulators and policymakers of multinational corporations.
Effect of vinyl chloride exposure on cardiometabolic toxicity
Authors: Zelko Igor N. , Taylor Breandon S. , Das Trinath P. , Watson Walter H. , Sithu Israel D. , Wahlang Banrida , Malovichko Marina V. , Cave Matthew C. , Srivastava Sanjay 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVinyl chloride (VC) is an organochlorine mainly used to manufacture its polymer polyvinyl chloride, which is extensively used in the manufacturing of consumer products. Recent studies suggest that chronic low dose VC exposure affects glucose homeostasis in high fat diet‐fed mice. Our data suggest that even in the absence of high fat diet, exposure to VC (0.8 ppm, 6 h/day, 5 day/week, for 12 weeks) induces glucose intolerance (1.0 g/kg, i.p.) in male C57BL/6 mice. This was accompanied with the depletion of hepatic glutathione and a modest increase in lung interstitial macrophages. VC exposure did not affect the levels of circulating immune cells, endothelial progenitor cells, platelet‐immune cell aggregates, and cytokines and chemokines. The acute challenge of VC‐exposed mice with LPS did not affect lung immune cell composition or plasma IL‐6. To examine the effect of VC exposure on vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, LDL receptor‐KO mice on C57BL/6 background maintained on western diet were exposed to VC for 12 weeks (0.8 ppm, 6 h/day, 5 day/week). Unlike the WT C57BL/6 mice, VC exposure did not affect glucose tolerance in the LDL receptor‐KO mice. Plasma cytokines, lesion area in the aortic valve, and markers of lesional inflammation in VC‐exposed LDL receptor‐KO mice were comparable with the air‐exposed controls. Collectively, despite impaired glucose tolerance and modest pulmonary inflammation, chronic low dose VC exposure does not affect surrogate markers of cardiovascular injury, LPS‐induced acute inflammation in C57BL/6 mice, and chronic inflammation and atherosclerosis in the LDL receptor‐KO mice.
Perceiving gender while perceiving language: Integrating psycholinguistics and gender theory
Authors: Tripp Alayo , Munson Benjamin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is a substantial body of literature showing that men and women speak differently and that these differences are endemic to the speech signal. However, the psycholinguistic mechanisms underlying the integration of social category perception and language are still poorly understood. Speaker attributes such as emotional state, age, sex, and race have often been treated in the literature as dissociable, but perceptual systems for social categories demonstrably rely on interdependent cognitive processes. We introduce adiversity scienceframework for evaluating the existing literature on gender and speech perception, arguing that differences in beliefs about gender may be defined as differences inbeliefs about differences. Treating individual, group, and societal level contrasts in ideological patterns as phenomenologically distinctive, we enumerate six ideological arenas which define claims about gender and examine the literature for treatment of these issues. We argue that both participants and investigators predictably show evidence of differences in ideological attitudes toward the normative definition of persons. The influence of social knowledge on linguistic perception therefore occurs in the context of predictable variation in both attention andinattentionto people and the distinguishing features which mark them salient as kinds. We link experiences of visibility, invisibility, and hypervisibility with ideological variation regarding the significance of physiological, linguistic, and social features, concluding that gender ideologies are implicated both in linguistic processing and in social judgments of value between groups. We conclude with a summary of the key gaps in the current literature and recommendations for best practices studies that may use in future investigations of socially meaningful variation in speech perception.This article is categorized under:Linguistics > Language in Mind and BrainPsychology > LanguageLinguistics > Language AcquisitionPsychology > Perception and Psychophysics
Charged Particles in Near-Earth Space
Authors: Koskinen Hannu E. J. , Kilpua Emilia K. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this chapter we discuss the concepts that govern the motion of charged particles in the geomagnetic field and the principles how they stay trapped in the radiation belts. The basic particle orbit theory can be found in most plasma physics textbooks. We partly follow the presentation in Koskinen (Physics of space storms, from solar surface to the earth. Springer-Praxis, Heidelberg, 2011). A more detailed discussion can be found in Roederer and Zhang (Dynamics of magnetically trapped particles. Springer, Heidelberg, 2014). A classic treatment of adiabatic motion of charged particles is Northrop (The adiabatic motion of charged particles. Interscience Publishers, Wiley, New York, 1963).
Plasma Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Koskinen Hannu E. J. , Kilpua Emilia K. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the role of plasma waves, extending from magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves at ultra-low-frequency (ULF) oscillations in the millihertz range to very-low-frequency (VLF) whistler-mode emissions at frequencies of a few kHz, is necessary in studies of sources and losses of radiation belt particles. In order to make this theoretically heavy part of the book accessible to a reader, who is not familiar with wave–particle interactions, we have divided the treatise into three chapters. In the present chapter we introduce the most important wave modes that are critical to the dynamics of radiation belts. The drivers of these waves are discussed in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-82167-8_5 and the roles of the wave modes as sources and losses of radiation belt particles are dealt with in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-82167-8_6.
Thermal QCD Axions across Thresholds
Authors: D’Eramo Francesco , Hajkarim Fazlollah , Yun Seokhoon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Thermal axion production in the early universe goes through several mass thresholds, and the resulting rate may change dramatically across them. Focusing on the KSVZ and DFSZ frameworks for the invisible QCD axion, we perform a systematic analysis of thermal production across thresholds and provide smooth results for the rate. The QCD phase transition is an obstacle for both classes of models. For the hadronic KSVZ axion, we also deal with production at temperatures around the mass of the heavy-colored fermion charged under the Peccei-Quinn symmetry. Within the DFSZ framework, standard model fermions are charged under this symmetry, and additional thresholds are the heavy Higgs bosons masses and the electroweak phase transition. We investigate the cosmological implications with a specific focus on axion dark radiation quantified by an effective number of neutrino species and explore the discovery reach of future CMB-S4 surveys.
Chern-Simons-matter theories at large baryon number
Authors: Watanabe Masataka 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study SU(2) Chern-Simons theories at level k coupled to a scalar on T2 × ℝ at large baryon number. We find a homogeneous but anisotropic ground state configuration for any values of k on the IR fixed-point of those models. This classical analysis is valid as long as we take the baryon number large. As a corollary, by comparing the symmetry breaking pattern at large chemical potential, we find that the theory does not reduce to the singlet sector of the O(4) Wilson-Fisher fixed-point at large-k, as expected from general grounds. This paper will be one primitive step towards quantitative analysis of Chern-Simons-matter dualities using the large charge expansion.
Vagal stimulation in heart failure
Authors: Dusi Veronica , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has a strong pathophysiological rationale as a potentially beneficial treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Despite several promising preclinical studies and pilot clinical studies, the two large, controlled trials—NECTAR-HF and INOVATE-HF—failed to demonstrate the expected benefit. It is likely that clinical application of VNS in phase III studies was performed before a sufficient degree of understanding of the complex pathophysiology of autonomic electrical modulation had been achieved, therefore leading to an underestimation of its potential benefit. More knowledge on the complex dose–response issue of VNS (i.e., pulse amplitude, frequency, duration and duty cycle) has been gathered since these trials and a new randomized study is currently underway with an adaptive design and a refined approach in an attempt to deliver the proper dose to a more selected group of patients.
Patients with Crohn's Disease Undergoing Abdominal Surgery: Clinical and Prognostic Evaluation Based on a Single‐Center Cohort in China
Authors: Wu Enhao , Duan Ming , Han Jianqiu , Zhang Hanzhe , Zhou Yan , Cao Lei , Gong Jianfeng , Guo Zhen , Li Yi , Zhu Weiming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence and prevalence of Crohn's disease (CD) are increasing in China, but there are few reports on the characteristics of patients requiring abdominal surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of these patients and the potential risk factors for postoperative complications and surgical recurrence.MethodsIn this observational, retrospective single‐center cohort analysis, patients with CD who had undergone at least one abdominal surgery at our center from 2007 to 2020 were included. Data were collected from a prospectively maintained database. Clinical factors were assessed by logistic regression models, Kaplan–Meier methods, and Cox proportional hazards regression models. The predictive accuracy of the nomogram was determined by a concordance index (C‐index) and calibration curve and was validated using bootstrap resampling.ResultsIn the 1639 patients, clinical characteristics were evaluated. In a multivariable logistic regression model, penetrating behavior (P = 0.002), emergency surgery (P = 0.010), and smoking status (P = 0.015) were significantly associated with an increased risk of postoperative septic complications. In contrast, staged surgery (P = 0.009) was inversely associated with postoperative complications. Upper gastrointestinal disease (P = 0.042), penetrating behavior (P = 0.027), emergency at initial surgery (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with an increased risk of surgical recurrence after the index surgery in our Cox regression model, whereas staged surgery (P = 0.036) was significantly associated with a decreased risk. The C‐index of the nomogram for predicting recurrence was 0.744 (P = 0.015), and calibration curves showed good agreement between predictions of 3, 5, and 10 years of recurrence and actual observations.ConclusionsThere are several disease‐ and surgery‐associated risk factors of postoperative adverse outcomes in patients with CD undergoing abdominal surgery. This is important in optimizing the management of CD which has evolved into a global disease with rising prevalence in newly industrialized countries including China.
Filling the matrix: an ANOVA-based method to emulate regional climate model simulations for equally-weighted properties of ensembles of opportunity
Authors: Christensen Ole B. , Kjellström Erik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCollections of large ensembles of regional climate model (RCM) downscaled climate data for particular regions and scenarios can be organized in a usually incomplete matrix consisting of GCM (global climate model) x RCM combinations. When simple ensemble averages are calculated, each GCM will effectively be weighted by the number of times it has been downscaled. In order to facilitate more equal and less arbitrary weighting among downscaled GCM results, we present a method to emulate the missing combinations in such a matrix, enabling equal weighting among participating GCMs and hence among regional consequences of large-scale climate change simulated by each GCM. This method is based on a traditional Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) approach. The method is applied and studied for fields of seasonal average temperature, precipitation and surface wind and for the 10-year return value of daily precipitation and of 10-m wind speed for a completely filled matrix consisting of 5 GCMs and 4 RCMs. We quantify the skill of the two averaging methods for different numbers of missing simulations and show that ensembles where lacking members have been emulated by the ANOVA technique are better at representing the full ensemble than corresponding simple ensemble averages, particularly in cases where only a few model combinations are absent. The technique breaks down when the number of missing simulations reaches the sum of the numbers of GCMs and RCMs. Also, the method is only useful when inter-simulation variability is limited. This is the case for the average fields that have been studied, but not for the extremes. We have developed analytical expressions for the degree of improvement obtained with the present method, which quantify this conclusion.
Comparison of manual versus automated measurement of Cobb angle in idiopathic scoliosis based on a deep learning keypoint detection technology
Authors: Sun Yu , Xing Yaozhong , Zhao Zian , Meng Xianglong , Xu Gang , Hai Yong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The present study compared manual and automated measurement of Cobb angle in idiopathic scoliosis based on deep learning keypoint detection technology.

Methods
A total of 181 anterior–posterior spinal X-rays were included in this study, including 165 cases of idiopathic scoliosis and 16 normal adult cases without scoliosis. We labeled all images and randomly chose 145 as the training set and 36 as the test set. Two state-of-the-art deep learning object detection models based on convolutional neural networks were used in sequence to segment each vertebra and locate the vertebral corners. Cobb angles measured from the output of the models were compared to manual measurements performed by orthopedic experts.

Results
The mean Cobb angle in test cases was 27.4° ± 19.2° (range 0.00–91.00°) with manual measurements and 26.4° ± 18.9° (range 0.00–88.00°) with automated measurements. The automated method needed 4.45 s on average to measure each radiograph. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for the reliability of the automated measurement of the Cobb angle was 0.994. The Pearson correlation coefficient and mean absolute error between automated positioning and expert annotation were 0.990 and 2.2° ± 2.0°, respectively. The analytical result for the Spearman rank-order correlation was 0.984 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The automated measurement results agreed with the experts’ annotation and had a high degree of reliability when the Cobb angle did not exceed 90° and could locate multiple curves in the same scoliosis case simultaneously in a short period of time. Our results need to be verified in more cases in the future.
Motion preservation surgery for scoliosis with a vertebral body tethering system: a biomechanical study
Authors: Nicolini Luis Fernando , Kobbe Philipp , Seggewiß Jana , Greven Johannes , Ribeiro Marx , Beckmann Agnes , Da Paz Stephanie , Eschweiler Jörg , Prescher Andreas , Markert Bernd , Stoffel Marcus , Hildebrand Frank , Trobisch Per D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
There is a paucity of studies on new vertebral body tethering (VBT) surgical constructs especially regarding their potentially motion-preserving ability. This study analyses their effects on the ROM of the spine.

Methods
Human spines (T10-L3) were tested under pure moment in four different conditions: (1) native, (2) instrumented with one tether continuously connected in all vertebrae from T10 to L3, (3) additional instrumented with a second tether continuously connected in all vertebrae from T11 to L3, and (4) instrumented with one tether and one titanium rod (hybrid) attached to T12, L1 and L2. The instrumentation was inserted in the left lateral side. The intersegmental ROM was evaluated using a magnetic tracking system, and the medians were analysed.
Please check and confirm the author names and initials are correct. Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct. The mentioned information is correct

Results
Compared to the native spine, the instrumented spine presented a reduction of less than 13% in global ROM considering flexion–extension and axial rotation. For left lateral bending, the median global ROM of the native spine (100%) significantly reduced to 74.6%, 66.4%, and 68.1% after testing one tether, two tethers and the hybrid construction, respectively. In these cases, the L1-L2 ROM was reduced to 68.3%, 58.5%, and 38.3%, respectively. In right lateral bending, the normalized global ROM of the spine with one tether, two tethers and the hybrid construction was 58.9%, 54.0%, and 56.6%, respectively. Considering the same order, the normalized L1-L2 ROM was 64.3%, 49.9%, and 35.3%, respectively.

Conclusion
The investigated VBT techniques preserved global ROM of the spine in flexion–extension and axial rotation while reduced the ROM in lateral bending.
Effects of climate change on bioclimatic indices in vineyards along Lake Neuchatel, Switzerland
Authors: Comte Valentin , Schneider Léonard , Calanca Pierluigi , Rebetez Martine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the consequences of climate change on bioclimatic indices in vineyards along the edge of Lake Neuchatel in Switzerland. Like in other vineyards all around the world, the typicity of wines and the phenology of vines have changed, particularly since the 1970s. Trends in the growing season average temperature and in Huglin’s heliothermal index show that the climate in the Neuchatel vineyards changed from very cool or cool to temperate during the last decades. Trends in the cool night index and in the prior to harvest cool night index both indicate that in the near future this wine region will frequently experience temperate instead of cool nights during the weeks leading up to harvest. Our results highlight the need for adaptation strategies, such as an upward elevational shift for Pinot Noir, as climatic conditions will become too warm at its current location in the next decades. They also show that conditions in this region are already favorable for more thermophilic varieties such as Merlot. In the context of global warming, this kind of analysis should be conducted throughout winegrowing regions in order to develop efficient adaptation strategies at the microclimatic scale.
The temporal pattern of VR sickness during 7.5-h virtual immersion
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Weng Dongdong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, we assessed the relationship between exposure duration and VR sickness severity during 7.5-h virtual immersion. First, we showed that the VR sickness severity was positively correlated to the exposure duration: the longer participants were exposed to the VR environment, the more severe sickness symptoms they had. Second, we showed a dynamic sickness adaptation process during a long time of VR exposure: the sickness adaption effect that had already been established could be broken as the exposure duration continued to increase, and a new sickness adaption process would establish. Moreover, we showed a distinguishable symptom profile of HMD compared with LCD, which was insusceptible of exposure duration. This is the first report presenting the temporal pattern of VR sickness during such long-duration exposure. Our study could offer a predictive model of VR sickness severity level during long virtual immersion and provide suggestions for the use of VR technology for scientific study, clinical application, and business entertainment.
Review on Manufacture of Military Composite Helmet
Authors: Liang Yazhen , Chen Xiaogang , Soutis Constantinos 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite of the fact that more and more accessory devices are integrated to functionalize a ballistic helmet system, its core ballistic protective function needs to be improved with weight reduction was and still is the main course in engineering design. The two major generic classes of synthetic fibres for ballistic composites are Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibre (0.97 g/cm3) and aramid fibre (1.44 g/cm3). In the area of military helmets, these fibres are constructed into different topologies, draping/forming into double-curvature geometric shape in multiple plies, serving as reinforcement for composite shell. The preforming ways influence the subsequent impregnation / solidification and curing step in manufacture, in terms of the fibre orientation and fibre volume fraction. The inherent structural heterogeneity thus leads to scatter in permeability and composite thickness, and have further impact in generating process-induced defects. During the processing, the fibre continuity without wrinkles, together with voids-free are determinative factors to a quality final part. The aim of this paper is to review the manufacturing technologies characterised by thermo-mechanical forming and Liquid Composite Moulding (LCM), relating their processing parameters respectively to the properties of reinforcements in one dimension (1D), two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D), along with that of the matrix in dry or wet phase, interdependency of them are sought.
Multi-view attention-convolution pooling network for 3D point cloud classification
Authors: Wang Wenju , Wang Tao , Cai Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClassifying 3D point clouds is an important and challenging task in computer vision. Currently, classification methods using multiple views lose characteristic or detail information during the representation or processing of views. For this reason, we propose a multi-view attention-convolution pooling network framework for 3D point cloud classification tasks. This framework uses Res2Net to extract the features from multiple 2D views. Our attention-convolution pooling method finds more useful information in the input data related to the current output, effectively solving the problem of feature information loss caused by feature representation and the detail information loss during dimensionality reduction. Finally, we obtain the probability distribution of the model to be classified using a full connection layer and the softmax function. The experimental results show that our framework achieves higher classification accuracy and better performance than other contemporary methods using the ModelNet40 dataset.