bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timed Petri Nets and Heuristic Search-Based FMS Scheduling
Authors: Dong Ming , Cha Jianzhong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, FMS scheduling problems are modeled by timed Petri nets. The timed Petri nets can model the important characteristics of FMSs such as routing flexibility, shared resources, precedence relationships among operations, concurrency, synchronization and lot sizes. So the Petri net model of an FMS scheduling problem which reflects the given constraints would limit the search within the feasible schedule space. By making use of a heuristic scheduling algorithm which satisfies the lower bound condition of the algorithm A*, the search space can be further reduced and an optimal path can be found. This new scheduling approach which combines Petri net modeling with heuristic search can effectively handle with the structural complexity and computational complexity of FMS scheduling problems.
Product Data Management Using AP203 of Step Standard
Authors: Kim T. S. , Han S.-H. , Shin Y. J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Manufacturing data needs to be shared among functional groups of an enterprise and among its part suppliers and partners. Technological data needs to be shared among different hardware platforms, different data storage devices, and variety of network architectures. A standard specification for manufacturing data is needed that can support the entire product development phases and life-cycle. This paper proposes an information system for sharing product data throughout its life-cycle. It describes how textual information of design can be integrated with geometric data based on AP203 of STEP standard, SDAI, HTML, and object-oriented Tcl/Tk. The prototype information system can modify STEP data, and display parts information and BOM using the network browser - Netscape.
A Development of Wire Path Searching Module Using Extended RCA Method
Authors: Yim Seong-Hyuk , Lee Soo-Hong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study deals with a development of wire path searching module as a part of automotive wire harness design system. Wire path searching module manages the free space, finds transition locations, and creates bundle paths to dramatically reduce a tedious iterative routing process which results in easy optimization of the bundle paths. A prime policy in the system configuration is to compromise between man’s and computer’s ability, and make it possible a designer’s leading role in designing process. Human input is indispensable to cope with the special cases which were not considered in the initial design stage of the system. In this study, we improve the previous shortest-path-finding algorithm (VGraph and RCA method) into a new method called Extended RCA. Bundles, connectors and transitions are handled as objects so one can manage and modify physical properties of the objects easily. Therefore a verification is allowed at any desired stage of design. The reuse of previous result is facilitated by using Dependency Structure, which represents the mutual relations among connectors, transitions, and bundles. Dependency Structure makes it possible the elimination of redundant calculating process, and consequently shorter routing time.
Hierarchical Decomposition Synthesis in Optimal Systems Design
Authors: Krishnamachari Ramprasad S. , Papalambros Panos Y. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Optimal design of large systems is easier if the optimization model can be decomposed and solved as a set of smaller, coordinated subproblems. Casting a given design problem into a particular optimization model by selecting objectives and constraints is generally a subjective task. This article describes how such a subjective selection can be made so that the resulting optimal design model can be directly partitioned into an appropriate decomposed form. This process is termed decomposition synthesis. A particular methodology for synthesizing hierarchically decomposed optimal design models is presented together with examples.
An Artificial Intelligence Based Algorithm for Object-Oriented Design
Authors: Segapeli Jean-Luc , Cavarero Annie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
It is possible to classify the Object-Oriented design methods in two sets. The first set, which is the most numerous, uses an entity relationship approach to build a static class schema. Then this schema is completed by the use of different models (dynamic, functional). The second set tries to obtain a class schema but they don’t provide a guide to build it. So if different designers work on the same application, it is impossible to obtain the same schema.
So, in this paper we want to prove that we have defined a new design process (generalization process) which is based upon a set of rules to guide the users and the designers to build a representation of their application. The originality of our process lays upon works developped in machine learning and artificial intelligence. We try to translate the expertize of users or designers given through examples into a class schema. Therefore we have defined a new algorithm of clustering to organize examples into a hierarchy of classes.
This process is included in a project called C.O.D. (Class and Object Definition). The project is composed of different processes which take into account the expertize level of the designers and their knowledge about the application domain: specialization process, which is based upon generic application and fuzzy object classes; composition process, which uses a functional application definition with an algorithm to build classes and links between classes; generalization process, which is developed in this paper.
Modelling and Analysis of a Grout Delivery Mechanism in the Remote Spray Lining of Shafts
Authors: Hongzhao Liu , Appleton E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A thorough analysis on the characteristics of a grout delivery mechanism in the lining of shafts has been accomplished. The dynamic equation of this spraying mechanism has been established and can describe the system’s performance properties under different conditions of viscous friction forces. The analysis introduces a combined viscous damping coefficient c* and a ratio λ between viscous friction force and inertia force. It is proved theoretically that the relative velocity of the grout is less than the implicate velocity and the emission angle α described in the paper is always larger than 45 °. Numerical simulations are performed by feeding various different parameters into the model. A full discussion of the effects of different variables is presented. Additionally, a formula for calculating the driving torque and power is developed. These studies provide an understanding of the properties of this mechanism and should prove useful in guiding its design and operation.
Optimum Design of a Planar Robotic Manipulator
Authors: Berner D. F. , Snyman J. A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A general optimization methodology for the optimal design of robotic manipulators is presented and illustrated by its application to a realistic and practical three link re volute-joint planar manipulator. The end-effector carries out a prescribed vertical motion for which the weighted average torque requirement from electrical driving motors is minimized with respect to positional and dimensional design variables. In addition to simple physical bounds placed on the variables the maximum deliverable torques of the driving motors represent further constraints on the system. The optimization is carried out via a penalty function formulation of the constrained problem to which a proven robust unconstrained optimization method is applied. The problem of degeneracy or lock-up, which may occur for certain choices of design variables, is successfully dealt with by means of a specially proposed procedure in which a high artificial objective function value is computed for such “lock-up trajectories”. Designs are obtained that represent substantial reduction in torque requirement in comparison to that of arbitrarily chosen practical designs.
Remote Concrete Spraying in Shafts and Tunnels With Closed Loop Control
Authors: Hongzhao Liu , Appleton E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a closed-loop control system for the remote concrete spraying in shafts and tunnels is presented. The design includes a velocity measuring element, a PID controller, and a DC servo-motor drive system which is used to control the relative velocity of the grout, emission velocity, emission angle, and rotation to impact angle. The mathematical model of this system has been established and its transfer function obtained by the Laplace Transformation method. A set of stability conditions for this fourth-order system has been developed by means of the modified Hurwitz criterion. These studies provide the possibility of creating high-performance remote concrete spraying machines that operate in shafts and tunnels and have directional spray capability.
Sensitivity Analysis of Engineering Designs Using Taguchi’s Methodology
Authors: Roy Rajkumar , Parmee Ian C. , Purchase Graham 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The sensitivity analysis of engineering designs has been performed following Taguchi’s methodology. The technique is reliable and computationally inexpensive, thus suitable for real life problems. The design problem involves a mathematical model of a gas turbine blade cooling hole system. The model includes twelve input variables and three non linear constraints. The orthogonal matrix as suggested by Taguchi and the tolerances on the input design variables are used to define a neighbourhood of a design solution. Three different categories of sensitivity are defined, such as, design solution sensitivity, design variable sensitivity and constraint sensitivity. The sensitivities are defined within the neighbourhood of a design solution. The use of the orthogonal matrix allows an approximate sensitivity analysis without resorting to exhaustive local search. Taguchi’s signal to noise ratio is used to define the design solution sensitivity. Methodology involved in the estimation of factor effects in an experiment is used to calculate the design variable sensitivity. The extents of constraint satisfaction within the neighbourhood of a design solution defines different categories of constraint sensitivity, such as, constraint satisfied, statistically active constraint, quasi-active constraint, peak-active constraint and constraint not satisfied. The paper briefly discusses Taguchi’s methodology and then defines the different sensitivities. Results from the sensitivity analysis of the real life turbine blade cooling hole system are presented and discussed.
Configuring Turbine Propulsion Systems Using Robust Concept Exploration
Authors: Koch Patrick N. , Barlow Andy , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Complex systems are characterized as having multiple interdependent subsystems and requiring the coordination of multiple disciplines to design. Top-level specifications provide the foundation of the conceptual design of such systems. They define system/subsystem concept alternatives, representing the primary descriptors of a complex system. A Robust Concept Exploration Method (RCEM) has been developed to facilitate quick evaluation of different design alternatives and generation of “top-level” design specifications in the early stages of the design of complex systems. Comprehensive exploration of a design space is facilitated through the integration of statistical techniques, robust design simulation, and the compromise DSP. Our focus in this paper is to demonstrate the usefulness of this approach for the conceptual design of a comprehensive and practical industrial example. The preliminary design of a turbine lift engine for Advanced Short Take-Off and Vertical Landing (ASTOVL) fighter aircraft has been defined as a test case through a collaborative project with the Rolls-Royce Atlanta Engineering Group. An overview of our approach is provided; the lift engine example is defined; the steps of this approach, as applied to this example, are detailed and results for different design scenarios are provided and verified.
Combining Interactive Exploration and Optimization for Assembly Design
Authors: Kim Gerard Jounghyun , Szykman Simon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an integrated framework for assembly design. The framework allows the designer to represent knowledge about the design process and constraints, as well as information about the artifact being designed, design history and rationale. Because the complexity of assembly design leads to extremely large design spaces, adequately supporting design space exploration is a key issue that must be addressed. This is achieved in part by allowing the designer to use both top-down and bottom-up approaches to assembly design. Exploration of the design space is further enabled by incorporating a simulated annealing-based optimization tool that allows the designer to rapidly complete partial designs, refine complete designs, and generate multiple design alternatives.
A New Class of Six-Bar Mechanisms With Symmetrical Coupler Curves
Authors: Shieh W.-B. , Tsai L.-W. , Azarm S. , Tits A. L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A new class of six-bar mechanisms with symmetrical coupler-point curves is presented. This class of mechanisms is made up of a four-bar linkage with an additional dyad to form an embedded regular or skew pantograph. Because the coupler curve generated at an output point is amplified from that of a four-bar, a compact mechanism with a relatively large coupler curve can be obtained. In addition, due to their structure arrangement, the analysis and synthesis of such mechanisms can be easily achieved. It is shown that the admissible range of transmission angle for such mechanisms is smaller than that of a four-bar mechanism. It is also shown that mechanisms with an embedded skew pantograph exhibit better design flexibility than those with an embedded regular pantograph. Finally, an example mechanism from this class is illustrated and compared with a four-bar linkage with the same coupler curve.
Optimal Synthesis of Compliant Mechanisms to Satisfy Kinematic and Structural Requirements: Preliminary Results
Authors: Frecker Mary I. , Kikuchi Noboru , Kota Sridhar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Compliant mechanism synthesis is an automated design procedure which allows the designer to systematically generate the optimal structural form for a particular set of loading and motion requirements. The synthesis method presented here solves a particular class of design problems, where the compliant mechanism is required to be both flexible to meet motion requirements, and stiff to withstand external loads. A two-part problem formulation is proposed using mutual and strain energies, whereby the conflicting design objectives of required flexibility and stiffness are handled via multi-criteria optimization. The resulting compliant mechanism topologies satisfy both kinematic and structural requirements. The problem formulation is implemented using a truss ground structure and SLP algorithm. Several design examples are presented to illustrate this method.
Domains of Mobility for a Planar Body Moving Among Obstacles
Authors: Haug Edward J. , Adkins Frederick A. , Coroian Dan I. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A formulation is presented for defining domains of mobility for a planar convex body moving with three degrees-of-freedom among convex planar obstacles. Applications included are determination of areas of a factory floor or material storage facility in which objects can be manipulated without impacting fixed obstacles. Mobility of the moving body is defined to encompass (1) dextrous mobility of the body; i.e., points that can be reached by a reference point on the body and at which the body can be rotated through its full range of admissible orientations without penetrating any stationary obstacle, and (2) limited mobility of the body; i.e., points that can be reached by the reference point and at which the body does not penetrate any stationary obstacle, for some admissible orientation. Analytical criteria for points on boundaries of domains of mobility are derived and numerical methods suitable for mapping these boundaries are summarized. An elementary example involving a moving and a stationary ellipse, with and without orientation restrictions, is solved analytically to illustrate the method. A more general application with one moving body and three stationary obstacles is solved numerically.
Reverse Fishbone Diagram: A Tool in Aid of Design for Product Retirement
Authors: Ishii Kosuke , Lee Burton H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a schematic representation of product retirement specification that aids in design for recycling and reuse. In the past decade, a graphical representation of the assembly process, called the assembly fishbone diagram, has effectively assisted engineers to conduct design for assembly (DFA) and process failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA). On the other hand, environmentally conscious manufacturing requires engineers to make advanced planning for product retirement. This study investigates the use of the reverse fishbone diagram to model the disassembly and reprocessing sequence of a product at the end of its useful life. An industry-provided student project guided us to an initial definition of the reverse fishbone diagram that effectively led the students to analyze the recyclability and make practical redesign suggestions. The diagram is continuously adding more rigorous definitions and promises to be a central tool for evaluation of recyclability in a simultaneous engineering setting.
Design for Disassembly Methodology for Virtual Prototypes
Authors: Shyamsundar N. , Ashai Zia , Gadh Rajit 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Design for disassembly involves evaluating the ease/difficulty of disassembling a product composed of multiple components. Existing methods primarily address the problem of disassembly planning and do not quantify the ease or difficulty of disassembly. The current research work specifically addresses the development of a design for disassembly methodology based on the quantitative assessment (i.e. metrics) of the disassemblability of the product. The formulation of the metrics is based on the factors to be considered for disassembling a product. In particular we are considering the potential application of the methodology to robotic disassembly for recycling and maintenance. While designing a product it is necessary to determine the numerical value of the metric in order to arrive at an acceptable design. This facilitates the comparison of different design solutions. The methodology developed in this paper can serve as a basis for identifying the optimal design.
Use of Injection Molding Simulation to Assess Critical Dimensions and Assign Tolerances
Authors: Zemel Marc I. , Otto Kevin N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
When a product is certified for production and while its quality is being monitored, it is not economically feasible to watch every dimension of the part. Through the definition of critical dimensions, the amount of measurements necessary for quality control can be limited. However, in order to properly assign tolerances to the critical dimensions, the engineer needs to understand the capability of the process. Unfortunately, the subject of tolerances can be a great source of arguments between design and manufacturing engineers. Concurrent engineering has taken a holistic approach to the problem by forcing manufacturing engineers to get involved earlier in the development process. We propose a methodology that employs injection molding process simulation to track the development of critical dimensions from the design stage to production. This methodology provides a more quantitative approach to the tolerancing of injection molded parts. Furthermore, the application of this methodology will promote better communication between manufacturing and design engineers by giving them a common language, consisting of a software model and data. By gaining an understanding of process variation, the design and manufacturing team will be able to do four things: assess the process capability, determine if the part will function properly through tolerance analysis, assign critical dimensions, and set up a measurement scheme for quality control.
A Parallel Solution Strategy for Finite Element Models
Authors: Cox Jordan J. , Talbert Jeffrey A. , Mulkay Eric 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a method for naturally decomposing finite element models into sub-models which can be solved in a parallel fashion. The unique contribution of this paper is that the decomposition strategy comes from the geometric features used to construct the solid model that the finite element model represents. Domain composition and domain decomposition methods are used to insure global compatibility. These techniques reduce the N2 behavior of traditional matrix solving techniques, where N is the number of degrees of freedom in the global set of matrix equations, to a sum of m matrices with n2 behavior, where n represents the number of degrees of freedom in the smaller sub-model matrix equations.
Common Product/Process Models for Integrating Manufacturing Simulation, Process Planning and Computer Aided Design
Authors: Bryant Robert V. E. , Laliberty Thomas J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Integrated Product Process Development tools which minimize downstream manufacturing risk at the earliest design stages and avoid costly Design-Build-Test cycles are essential to achieving product profitability and meeting market windows. This paper summarizes initial work performed towards the development of the Manufacturing Simulation Driver (MSD) system which will demonstrate the automatic generation and execution of distributed manufacturing simulations. These simulation models are produced by Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) software tools which reason about Computer Aided Design (CAD) product models and produce manufacturing “scripts” from a process and resource model of a manufacturing facility. This capability will enable emerging virtual enterprises conducting collaborative design and manufacturing to simulate and prove out the manufacturing cycle of a product prior to launching production ramp-up. 1
A Blackboard Architecture for Integrated Process Planning/Production Scheduling
Authors: Laliberty Thomas J. , Hildum David W. , Sadeh Norman M. , McA’Nulty John , Kjenstad Dag , Bryant Robert V. E. , Smith Stephen F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As companies increase the level of customization in their products, move towards smaller lot production and experiment with more flexible customer/supplier arrangements such as those made possible by Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), they increasingly require the ability to quickly, accurately and competitively respond to customer requests for bids on new products and efficiently work out supplier/subcontractor arrangements for these new products. This in turn requires the ability to rapidly convert standard-based product specifications into process plans and quickly integrate process plans for new orders into the existing production schedule to best accommodate the current state of the manufacturing enterprise.
This paper describes IP3S, an Integrated Process Planning/Production Scheduling (IP3S) Shell for Agile Manufacturing. The IP3S Shell is designed around a blackboard architecture that emphasizes (1) concurrent development and dynamic revision of integrated process planning/production scheduling solutions, (2) the use of a common representation for exchanging process planning and production scheduling information, (3) coordination with outside information sources such as customer and supplier sites, (4) mixed initiative decision support, enabling the user to interactively explore a number of tradeoffs, and (5) portability and ease of integration with legacy systems. The system is scheduled for initial evaluation in a large and highly dynamic machine shop at Raytheon’s Andover manufacturing facility.