bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic status as a proxy for input quality in bilingual children?
Authors: De Cat Cécile 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) as a proxy for input quality, in predicting language proficiency. Different operationalizations of SES are compared, including simple measures (parental education and parental occupation) and complex measures combining two dimensions (among parental education, parental occupation, and deprivation risk). All significantly predict overall English proficiency scores in a diverse group of 5- to 7-year-olds acquiring English and another language. The most informative SES measure in that respect is shown to be a complex measure combining parental education and parental occupation. That measure is used in a second set of analyses showing that different aspects of language are affected differently by variations in SES and in language exposure.
On the role of cost-effectiveness thresholds in healthcare priority setting
Authors: Siverskog Jonathan , Henriksson Martin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the past few years, empirical estimates of the marginal cost at which health care produces a quality-adjusted life year (QALY, k) have begun to emerge. In theory, these estimates could be used as cost-effectiveness thresholds by health-maximizing decision makers, but prioritization decisions in practice often include other considerations than just efficiency. Pharmaceutical reimbursement in Sweden is one such example, where the reimbursement authority (TLV) uses a threshold range to give priority to disease severity and rarity. In this paper, we argue that estimates of k should not be used to inform threshold ranges. Instead, they are better used directly in health technology assessment (HTA) to quantify how much health is forgone when a new technology is funded in place of other healthcare services. Using a recent decision made by TLV as a case, we show that an estimate of k for Sweden implies that reimbursement meant forgoing 8.6 QALYs for every QALY that was gained. Reporting cost-effectiveness evidence as QALYs forgone per QALY gained has several advantages: (i) it frames the decision as assigning an equity weight to QALYs gained, which is more transparent about the trade-off between equity and efficiency than determining a monetary cost per QALY threshold, (ii) it makes it less likely that decision makers neglect taking the opportunity cost of reimbursement into account by making it explicit, and (iii) it helps communicate the reason for sometimes denying reimbursement in a way that might be less objectionable to the public than current practice.
Primitive prime divisors in the critical orbits of one-parameter families of rational polynomials
Authors: REN RUFEI 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor a polynomial $f(x)\in\mathbb{Q}[x]$ and rational numbers c, u, we put $f_c(x)\coloneqq f(x)+c$, and consider the Zsigmondy set $\calZ(f_c,u)$ associated to the sequence $\{f_c^n(u)-u\}_{n\geq 1}$, see Definition 1.1, where $f_c^n$ is the n-st iteration of fc. In this paper, we prove that if u is a rational critical point of f, then there exists an Mf > 0 such that $\mathbf M_f\geq \max_{c\in \mathbb{Q}}\{\#\calZ(f_c,u)\}$.
The mediating role of adolescents’ loneliness and social withdrawal in the association between maternal depressive symptoms and suicidality in adolescence: A 20-year population-based study
Authors: Psychogiou Lamprini , Ahun Marilyn N. , Boivin Michel , Tremblay Richard E. , Orri Massimiliano , Côté Sylvana M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe examined whether adolescents’ loneliness and social withdrawal mediated the association between maternal depressive symptoms and adolescent suicidality. Secondary analyses on the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development data were conducted (n = 1,623). Each mother completed the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (at child ages 5 months, 1.5, 3.5, 5, and 7 years). Adolescent's social withdrawal (adolescent, father, and teacher reported at 10, 12, and 13 years) and loneliness (adolescent reported at 10, 12, and 13 years), were assessed using items from the Social Behavior Questionnaire and the Loneliness and Social Satisfaction Questionnaire, respectively. Adolescents completed self-reports to assess suicidal thoughts and attempts at 13, 15, 17, and 20 years. Children of mothers with higher levels of maternal depressive symptoms had an increased risk for suicidality (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.03–1.28). Loneliness explained 16% of the total effect of maternal depressive symptoms on adolescent suicidality (indirect effect OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.04). There was no indirect effect of maternal depressive symptoms on adolescent suicidal outcomes via social withdrawal (indirect effect OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.99–1.02). Interventions that target loneliness may be beneficial for decreasing the risk for suicidality among adolescents of mothers with depressive symptoms.
Les structures interrogatives directes partielles fondées sur où dans les dialogues de romans français du XXesiècle
Authors: Rossi-Gensane Nathalie , Acosta Córdoba Luisa Fernanda , Ursi Biagio , Lambert Margot 
Published: January 2021

RésuméNous appuyant sur un corpus de 2731 occurrences constitué au sein de Frantext à partir de 1250 textes (soit 78 063 933 mots), nous proposons un panorama de diverses structures interrogatives directes partielles fondées sur où dans les dialogues de romans français entre 1900 et 1997. Nous relions ces structures à des facteurs tels que la date de l’œuvre, le sexe, l’âge, l’appartenance sociale et l’origine géographique du personnage auquel est attribué le discours direct, etc., en envisageant également la situation de communication fictionnelle. L’article entend, à partir d’études existantes sur l’oral réel, apprécier l’écart – et son évolution – entre celui-ci et l’oral mis en scène à l’écrit, avec un éclairage quantitatif inédit. Malgré l’absence d’études sur l’oral réel dans la première moitié du XXe siècle, il peut être souligné en fin de siècle un réalisme accru, les normes objectives de l’oral mis en scène allant dans le sens (généralement avec décalage) de celles de l’oral réel. Peut alors aussi être mise en évidence une plus grande prise en compte de la dimension diaphasique au détriment de la dimension diastratique.
Aortic root aneurysm repair in a neonate with Loeys–Dietz syndrome
Authors: Li Willa , Cohen William , Combs Pamela , Wong Joshua , Loomba Rohit , Lee Brian K. , El-Zein Chawki , Ilbawi Michel , Vricella Luca , Hibino Narutoshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLoeys–Dietz syndrome is a connective tissue disorder known to cause aggressive aortopathy in paediatric patients, but it is extremely rare for cardiovascular events to present during infancy. We report the first successful aortic repair in a neonate with LDS presenting in extremis with an early onset, massive aortic aneurysm.
COVID-19: can we treat the mother without harming her baby?
Authors: Wiese Michael D. , Berry Mary J. , Hissaria Pravin , Darby Jack R.T. , Morrison Janna L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMedical care is predicated on ‘do no harm’, yet the urgency to find drugs and vaccines to treat or prevent COVID-19 has led to an extraordinary effort to develop and test new therapies. Whilst this is an essential cornerstone of a united global response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the absolute requirements for meticulous efficacy and safety data remain. This is especially pertinent to the needs of pregnant women; a group traditionally poorly represented in drug trials, yet a group at heightened risk of unintended adverse materno-fetal consequences due to the unique physiology of pregnancy and the life course implications of fetal or neonatal drug exposure. However, due to the complexities of drug trial participation when pregnant (be they vaccines or therapeutics for acute disease), many clinical drug trials will exclude them. Clinicians must determine the best course of drug treatment with a dearth of evidence from either clinical or preclinical studies, where at least in the short term they may be more focused on the outcome of the mother than of her offspring.
Changes in the Relationship Between the Variation in Spring Eurasian Snow and the Surface Temperature Over the Northern Hemisphere Around the Late 1980s
Authors: Jia XiaoJing , Wang Min , Qian QiFeng , Wu Renguang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe spring snow cover extent (SCE) over central‐eastern Eurasia (SCE_CEE) shows an obvious decrease around 1988. The period 1979–2019 is thus divided into two subperiods spanning 1967–1988 (P1) and 1989–2019 (P2) to investigate the interdecadal changes in the characteristics of the SCE_CEE and its relationship with surface air temperature (SAT) in the Northern Hemisphere. Positive SCE_CEE anomalies are related to a cooler Eurasia–warmer North America (CEWN) spring SAT pattern, which obviously intensifies from P1 to P2. The possible mechanisms responsible for the interdecadal changes in this snow–SAT relationship are investigated. A local energy budget analysis shows that the impact of the SCE_CEE on the overlying atmosphere is weak and the atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with the SCE_CEE variation are confined mainly to eastern Eurasia and the North Pacific in P1. In contrast, positive SCE_CEE anomalies have a significant cooling effect on the atmospheric column through anomalous heat fluxes and wind‐related cold advection in P2. In P2, more SCE_CEE is associated with an anomalous cyclone in the upper atmosphere, which imposes a significant vorticity perturbation near the East Asian westerly jet core and induces eastward propagation of perturbations. The sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Pacific and the North Atlantic as well as the mean flow over the Eurasian continent help to maintain the zonal propagation of this perturbation, thus forming a hemispheric atmospheric wave pattern that contributes to the enhanced snow–CEWN SAT relationship in P2.
Systematic Patterns in Land Precipitation Due to Convection in Neighboring Islands in the Maritime Continent During MJO Propagation
Authors: Tan Haochen , Ray Pallav , Barrett Bradford , Dudhia Jimy , Moncrieff Mitchell W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe land‐sea contrast in the Maritime Continent (MC) has been found to influence the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO). However, the specific contribution from individual islands to the precipitation over the surrounding islands during MJO propagation is not well known. We found that when an island is removed in the presence of lower‐tropospheric westerlies, precipitation increases over islands that are located to its east due to the strengthening of the westerlies. Frictional convergence of the stronger westerlies, aided by Coriolis, leads to an increase in vertical advection of moisture and precipitation over an island located to the east. On the other hand, the reduced heating over the removed island reduces the westerlies and precipitation to the west of the removed island and is consistent with the response of large‐scale circulation to tropical heating. During background easterlies prior to MJO arrival, a systematic decrease in precipitation was found in the surrounding islands to the west side of the removed island. But, on the eastern side of the removed island, no systematic change in precipitation was found. The results imply that changes in large‐scale circulation in response to convection (or a lack thereof) over a removed island may significantly influence precipitation in the neighboring islands. Therefore, biases in model precipitation over an island in the MC may arise from bias in precipitation over a neighboring island. Moreover, the presence of different island chains in the MC has led to a more conducive environment for more overall precipitation over the islands in the MC.
A specific neural substrate predicting current and future impulsivity in young adults
Authors: Steele J. Scott , Bertocci Michele , Eckstrand Kristen , Chase Henry W. , Stiffler Richelle , Aslam Haris , Lockovich Jeanette , Bebko Genna , Phillips Mary L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImpulsivity (rash action with deleterious outcomes) is common to many psychiatric disorders. While some studies indicate altered amygdala and prefrontal cortical (PFC) activity associated with impulsivity, it remains unclear whether these patterns of neural activity are specific to impulsivity or common to a range of affective and anxiety symptoms. To elucidate neural markers specific to impulsivity, we aimed to differentiate patterns of amygdala–PFC activity and functional connectivity associated with impulsivity from those associated with affective and anxiety symptoms, and identify measures of this circuitry predicting future worsening of impulsivity. Using a face emotion processing task that reliably activates amygdala–PFC circuitry, neural activity and connectivity were assessed in a transdiagnostically-recruited sample of young adults, including healthy (N = 47) and treatment-seeking individuals (N = 67). Relationships were examined between neural measures and impulsivity, anhedonia, and affective and anxiety symptoms at baseline (N = 114), and at 6 months post scan (N = 30). Impulsivity, particularly negative urgency and lack of perseverance, was related to greater amygdala activity (beta = 0.82, p = 0.003; beta = 0.68, p = 0.004; respectively) and lower amygdala–medial PFC functional connectivity (voxels = 60, tpeak = 4.45, pFWE = 0.017; voxels = 335, tpeak = 5.26, pFWE = 0.001; respectively) to facial fear. Left vlPFC, but not amygdala, activity to facial anger was inversely associated with mania/hypomania (beta = −2.08, p = 0.018). Impulsivity 6 months later was predicted by amygdala activity to facial sadness (beta = 0.50, p = 0.017). There were no other significant relationships between neural activity and 6-month anhedonia, affective, and anxiety symptoms. Our findings are the first to associate amygdala–PFC activity and functional connectivity with impulsivity in a large, transdiagnostic sample, providing neural targets for future interventions to reduce predisposition to impulsivity and related future mental health problems in young adults.
Off-treatment bone mineral density changes in postmenopausal women receiving anastrozole for 5 years: 7-year results from the IBIS-II prevention trial
Authors: Sestak Ivana , Blake Glen , Patel Raj , Cuzick Jack , Howell Anthony , Coleman Robert , Eastell Richard 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Anastrozole has been associated with substantial accelerated bone mineral density (BMD) loss during active treatment.

Methods
One thousand four hundred and ten women were included in a BMD substudy and stratified into three strata according to their baseline T-score at spine or femoral neck. The primary objective of this analysis was to investigate whether DXA BMD at the spine and hip changed two years after treatment cessation (between years 5 and 7) in those who did not receive risedronate.

Results
Five- and seven-year BMD data were available for a total of 528 women who did not receive risedronate. In women with normal BMD at baseline, an increase in BMD at the lumbar spine after anastrozole withdrawal was observed 1.25% (95% CI 0.73 to 1.77) (P = 0.0004), which was larger than in those on placebo (0.14% (−0.29 to 0.56))). At the hip, BMD remained unchanged between years 5 and 7 for those previously on anastrozole but continued to a decrease in those who had been randomised to placebo (−1.35% (−1.70 to −0.98)).

Conclusions
These are the first results reporting BMD changes after stopping anastrozole in a breast cancer prevention setting. Our results show that the negative effects of anastrozole on BMD in the preventive setting are partially reversible.
Tumor exosome promotes Th17 cell differentiation by transmitting the lncRNA CRNDE-h in colorectal cancer
Authors: Sun Junfeng , Jia Haowei , Bao Xingqi , Wu Yue , Zhu Tianyu , Li Ruixin , Zhao Hongchao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe T helper 17 (Th17) cells in tumor microenvironment play an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. This study investigated the mechanism of Th17 cell differentiation in CRC with a focus on the role of tumor exosome-transmitted long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). Exosomes were isolated from the CRC cells and serum of CRC patients. The role and mechanism of the lncRNA CRNDE-h transmitted by CRC exosomes in Th17 cell differentiation were assessed by using various molecular biological methods. The serum exosomal CRNDE-h level was positively correlated with the proportion of Th17 cells in the tumor-infiltrating T cells in CRC patients. CRC exosomes contained abundant CRNDE-h and transmitted them to CD4+ T cells to increase the Th17 cell proportion, RORγt expression, and IL-17 promoter activity. The underlying mechanism is that, CRNDE-h bound to the PPXY motif of RORγt and impeded the ubiquitination and degradation of RORγt by inhibiting its binding with the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch. The in vivo experiments confirmed that the targeted silence of CRNDE-h in CD4+ T cells attenuated the CRC tumor growth in mice. The present findings demonstrated that the tumor exosome transmitted CRNDE-h promoted Th17 cell differentiation by inhibiting the Itch-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of RORγt in CRC, expanding our understanding of Th17 cell differentiation in CRC.
Semi-parametric empirical Bayes factor for genome-wide association studies
Authors: Morisawa Junji , Otani Takahiro , Nishino Jo , Emoto Ryo , Takahashi Kunihiko , Matsui Shigeyuki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBayes factor analysis has the attractive property of accommodating the risks of both false negatives and false positives when identifying susceptibility gene variants in genome-wide association studies (GWASs). For a particular SNP, the critical aspect of this analysis is that it incorporates the probability of obtaining the observed value of a statistic on disease association under the alternative hypotheses of non-null association. An approximate Bayes factor (ABF) was proposed by Wakefield (Genetic Epidemiology 2009;33:79–86) based on a normal prior for the underlying effect-size distribution. However, misspecification of the prior can lead to failure in incorporating the probability under the alternative hypothesis. In this paper, we propose a semi-parametric, empirical Bayes factor (SP-EBF) based on a nonparametric effect-size distribution estimated from the data. Analysis of several GWAS datasets revealed the presence of substantial numbers of SNPs with small effect sizes, and the SP-EBF attributed much greater significance to such SNPs than the ABF. Overall, the SP-EBF incorporates an effect-size distribution that is estimated from the data, and it has the potential to improve the accuracy of Bayes factor analysis in GWASs.
The double-sided effects of Mycobacterium Bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine
Authors: Li Junli , Zhan Lingjun , Qin Chuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), the only vaccine proven to be effective against tuberculosis (TB), is the most commonly used vaccine globally. In addition to its effects on mycobacterial diseases, an increasing amount of epidemiological and experimental evidence accumulated since its introduction in 1921 has shown that BCG also exerts non-specific effects against a number of diseases, such as non-mycobacterial infections, allergies and certain malignancies. Recent Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has put BCG, a classic vaccine with significant non-specific protection, into the spotlight again. This literature review briefly covers the diverse facets of BCG vaccine, providing new perspectives in terms of specific and non-specific protection mechanisms of this old, multifaceted, and controversial vaccine.
Pandanus nutshell generates a palaeoprecipitation record for human occupation at Madjedbebe, northern Australia
Authors: Florin S. Anna , Roberts Patrick , Marwick Ben , Patton Nicholas R. , Shulmeister James , Lovelock Catherine E. , Barry Linda A. , Hua Quan , Nango May , Djandjomerr Djaykuk , Fullagar Richard , Wallis Lynley A. , Fairbairn Andrew S. , Clarkson Chris 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLittle is known about the Pleistocene climatic context of northern Australia at the time of early human settlement. Here we generate a palaeoprecipitation proxy using stable carbon isotope analysis of modern and archaeological pandanus nutshell from Madjedbebe, Australia’s oldest known archaeological site. We document fluctuations in precipitation over the last 65,000 years and identify periods of lower precipitation during the penultimate and last glacial stages, Marine Isotope Stages 4 and 2. However, the lowest effective annual precipitation is recorded at the present time. Periods of lower precipitation, including the earliest phase of occupation, correspond with peaks in exotic stone raw materials and artefact discard at the site. This pattern is interpreted as suggesting increased group mobility and intensified use of the region during drier periods.
Genome-resolved metagenomics reveals site-specific diversity of episymbiotic CPR bacteria and DPANN archaea in groundwater ecosystems
Authors: He Christine , Keren Ray , Whittaker Michael L. , Farag Ibrahim F. , Doudna Jennifer A. , Cate Jamie H. D. , Banfield Jillian F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCandidate phyla radiation (CPR) bacteria and DPANN archaea are unisolated, small-celled symbionts that are often detected in groundwater. The effects of groundwater geochemistry on the abundance, distribution, taxonomic diversity and host association of CPR bacteria and DPANN archaea has not been studied. Here, we performed genome-resolved metagenomic analysis of one agricultural and seven pristine groundwater microbial communities and recovered 746 CPR and DPANN genomes in total. The pristine sites, which serve as local sources of drinking water, contained up to 31% CPR bacteria and 4% DPANN archaea. We observed little species-level overlap of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) across the groundwater sites, indicating that CPR and DPANN communities may be differentiated according to physicochemical conditions and host populations. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy imaging and genomic analyses enabled us to identify CPR and DPANN lineages that reproducibly attach to host cells and showed that the growth of CPR bacteria seems to be stimulated by attachment to host-cell surfaces. Our analysis reveals site-specific diversity of CPR bacteria and DPANN archaea that coexist with diverse hosts in groundwater aquifers. Given that CPR and DPANN organisms have been identified in human microbiomes and their presence is correlated with diseases such as periodontitis, our findings are relevant to considerations of drinking water quality and human health.