bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical, functional, and computed tomography findings in a cohort of patients with neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy
Authors: Balinotti Juan E. , Maffey Alberto , Colom Alejandro , Roldán Oscar , Díaz Walter , Medín Martín , Racimo Mariano , Teper Alejandro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionNeuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) is one of the most common interstitial lung diseases in children. Both the etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease are still unknown. Prognosis is usually favorable; however, there are significant morbidities during the early years of life.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical course, infant pulmonary function tests and computed tomography (CT) findings in a cohort of patients with NEHI in Argentina.MethodsThis is a observational multicenter cohort study of children diagnosed with NEHI between 2011 and 2020.ResultsTwenty patients participated in this study. The median age of onset of symptoms was 3 months and the median age at diagnosis was 6 months. The most common clinical presentation was tachypnea, retractions and hypoxemia. The chest CT findings showed central ground glass opacities and air trapping. Infant pulmonary function tests revealed an obstructive pattern in 75% of the cases (10/12). Most patients (75%) required home oxygen therapy for 17 months (interquartile range 12–25). In 85% of them, tachypnea and hypoxemia spontaneously resolved between the second and third years of life.ConclusionIn this cohort, the first symptoms appeared during the early months of life. The typical clinical, CT, and functional findings allowed the diagnosis without the need of a lung biopsy. Although most patients required home oxygen therapy, they showed a favorable evolution.
Untargeted metabolomics of human plasma reveal lipid markers unique to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Nambiar Shabarinath , Tan Dino Bee Aik , Clynick Britt , Bong Sze How , Rawlinson Catherine , Gummer Joel , Corte Tamera J. , Glaspole Ian , Moodley Yuben P. , Trengove Robert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by airway inflammation and progressive airflow limitation, whereas idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterised by a restrictive pattern due to fibrosis and impaired gas exchange. We undertook metabolomic analysis of blood samples in IPF, COPD and healthy controls (HC) to determine differences in circulating molecules and identify novel pathogenic pathways. An untargeted metabolomics using an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS) was performed to profile plasma of patients with COPD (n = 21), and IPF (n = 24) in comparison to plasma from healthy controls (HC; n = 20). The most significant features were identified using multiple database matching. One‐way ANOVA and variable importance in projection (VIP) scores were also used to highlight metabolites that influence the specific disease groups. Non‐polar metabolites such as fatty acids (FA) and membrane lipids were well resolved and a total of 4805 features were identified. The most prominent metabolite composition differences in lipid mediators identified at ∼2–3 fold higher in both diseases compared to HC were palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid; and dihydrotestosterone was lower in both diseases. We demonstrated that COPD and IPF were characterised by systemic changes in lipid constituents such as essential FA sampled from circulating plasma.
N‐Glycan profiling of chondrocytes and fibroblast‐like synoviocytes: Towards functional glycomics in osteoarthritis
Authors: Fuehrer Johannes , Pichler Katharina M. , Fischer Anita , Giurea Alexander , Weinmann Daniela , Altmann Friedrich , Windhager Reinhard , Gabius Hans‐Joachim , Toegel Stefan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeN‐Glycan profiling provides an indicator of the cellular potential for functional pairing with tissue lectins. Following the discovery of galectin expression by chondrocytes as a factor in osteoarthritis pathobiology, mapping of N‐glycans upon their phenotypic dedifferentiation in culture and in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes is a step to better understand glycobiological contributions to disease progression.Experimental designThe profiles of cellular N‐glycans of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes and fibroblast‐like synoviocytes were characterized by mass spectrometry. RT‐qPCR experiments determined mRNA levels of 16 glycosyltransferases. Responsiveness of cells to galectins was quantified by measuring the mRNA level for interleukin‐1β.ResultsThe shift of chondrocytes to a fibroblastic phenotype (dedifferentiation) is associated with changes in N‐glycosylation. The N‐glycan profile of chondrocytes at passage 4 reflects characteristics of synoviocytes. Galectins‐1 and ‐3 enhance expression of interleukin‐1β mRNA in both cell types, most pronounced in primary culture. Presence of interleukin‐1β leads to changes in sialylation in synoviocytes that favor galectin binding.Conclusions and clinical relevanceN‐Glycosylation reflects phenotypic changes of osteoarthritic cells in vitro. Like chondrocytes, fibroblast‐like synoviocytes express N‐glycans that are suited to bind galectins, and these proteins serve as inducers of pro‐inflammatory markers in these cells. Synoviocytes can thus contribute to disease progression in osteoarthritis in situ.
The development of computer‐aided patient‐specific template design software for 3D printing in cranio‐maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Memon Afaque R. , Li Dongyuan , Hu Junlei , Wang Enpeng , Zhang Dingzhong , Chen Xiaojun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe patient‐specific templates for osteotomy often have complex surface features. Using current commercial software to design such templates is quite complicated, tedious and unrepeatable.AimsIn this study, a novel surgical planning system for oral and maxillofacial surgery named EasyTemplate is developed, aiming to help doctors shorten the modelling time and assure the reliability in template design.Materials & MethodsIn the simplified design process of an osteotomy guide, the main template can be formed efficiently using a surface offsetting algorithm, which is based on isosurface extraction and oriented bounding box. Thereafter, the cutting grooves can be generated automatically.ResultsA complicated surgical guide could be built accurately in about 10 min. Clinical orthognathic cases were conducted successfully using osteotomy and repositioning templates designed by EasyTemplate.DiscussionCompared with commercially available softwares, higher efficiency and simpler design process were achieved, moreover, the time cost is one‐third or even less.ConclusionEasyTemplate can be a useful alternative to traditional softwares. This software allows the auto‐generation algorithm which helps avoid a tedious modeling process while providing basic shapes for designers.
Exact equilibrium distributions in statistical quantum field theory with rotation and acceleration: scalar field
Authors: Becattini F. , Buzzegoli M. , Palermo A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe derive a general exact form of the phase space distribution function and the thermal expectation values of local operators for the free quantum scalar field at equilibrium with rotation and acceleration in flat space-time without solving field equations in curvilinear coordinates. After factorizing the density operator with group theoretical methods, we obtain the exact form of the phase space distribution function as a formal series in thermal vorticity through an iterative method and we calculate thermal expectation values by means of analytic continuation techniques. We separately discuss the cases of pure rotation and pure acceleration and derive analytic results for the stress-energy tensor of the massless field. The expressions found agree with the exact analytic solutions obtained by solving the field equation in suitable curvilinear coordinates for the two cases at stake and already — or implicitly — known in literature. In order to extract finite values for the pure acceleration case we introduce the concept of analytic distillation of a complex function. For the massless field, the obtained expressions of the currents are polynomials in the acceleration/temperature ratios which vanish at 2π, in full accordance with the Unruh effect.
Delaying the inevitable: tidal disruption in microstate geometries
Authors: Bena Iosif , Houppe Anthony , Warner Nicholas P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Microstate geometries in string theory replace the black-hole horizon with a smooth geometric “cap” at the horizon scale. In geometries constructed using superstratum technology, this cap has the somewhat surprising property that induces very large tidal deformations on infalling observers that are far away from it. We find that this large-distance amplification of the tidal effects is also present in horizonless microstate geometries constructed as bubbling solutions, but can be tamed by suitably arranging the bubbles to reduce the strength of some of the gravitational multipole moments. However, despite this taming, these tidal effects still become large at a significant distance from the microstructure. This result suggests that an observer will not fall unharmed into the structure replacing the black hole horizon.
Quantifying the potential and flux landscapes for nonequilibrium multiverse, a new scenario for time arrow
Authors: Wang Hong , Li Xinyu , Wang Jin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We propose a new scenario of nonequilibirum multiverse. We quantified the potential landscape and the flux landscape for the multiverse. The potential landscape quantifies the weight of each universe. When the terminal vacuum with zero (flat) or negative cosmological constant (AdS) have a chance to tunnel back to the normal universes with positive cosmological constant (dS) through the bounce suggested by the recent studies, the detailed balance of the populations of the multiverse can be broken. We found that the degree of the detailed balance breaking can be quantified by the underlying average flux and associated flux landscape, which gives arise to the dynamical origin of irreversibility and the time arrow of the multiverse. We also showed that the steady state of the multiverse is maintained by the thermodynamic cost quantified by the entropy production rate which is associated to the flux. This gives arise to thermodynamic origin of time irreversibility. On the other hand, we show that the evolution dynamics of the multiverse is determined by both the potential landscape and flux landscape. While the potential landscape determines the weight of the universes in the multiverse and attracts the multiverse to the steady state basins, the flux landscape provides the cycles or loops associating certain universes together. We show that terminal vacuum universes can have dominant weights or lowest potentials giving arise to a funnel shaped potential landscape, while terminal vacuum universes together with other normal universes including ours can form dominant cycles giving arise to a funnel shaped cycle flux landscape. This indicates that even our universe may not be distinct from others based on the probability measure, it may lie in the dominant cycle(s), leading to higher chance of being found. This may provide an additional way beyond the anthropic principle for identifying our universe.
Therapierefraktäre Anämie bei einem 35-jährigen Dialysepatienten nach Herztransplantation
Authors: Schröder Christoph , Roeles Johannes , Schwarzer Adrian , Heuser Michael , Retzlaff Jennifer , Hiß Marcus 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungEs wird über einen 35-jährigen Dialysepatienten nach Herztransplantation berichtet, der eine „pure red cell aplasia“ aufwies. Serologisch fand sich ein positiver Parvovirus-B19-Immunglobulin-M-Titer, im Direktnachweis mittels Polymerase-Kettenreaktion zeigten sich 80 Mrd. IU/ml. In der zytologischen Untersuchung des Knochenmarks gelang der Nachweis von Riesenproerythroblasten, pathognomonisch für eine Parvovirus-B19-Infektion. Zur Therapie erfolgte die hoch dosierte Gabe von Immunglobulinen über 5 Tage. Bei Wiedervorstellung nach vier Wochen zeigte sich die Anämie deutlich gebessert. Bei Patienten nach Organtransplantation mit hyporegenerativer Anämie sollte eine Parvovirus-B19-Infektion stets ausgeschlossen werden.
The urban–rural divide in radical right populist support: the role of resident’s characteristics, urbanization trends and public service supply
Authors: Rickardsson Jonna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn a number of recent elections in Western Europe, support for far-right populist parties has been significantly higher in non-urban areas than in urban areas. This paper answers the following questions; (1) Can the urban–rural divide in voting behavior be explained by the fact that urban and non-urban populations differ in terms of education, income and other individual characteristics of voters, or by variations in immigration? (2) Can variations in public service supply explain parts of the urban–rural divide in far-right populist support? and (3) How does population growth and public services relate to voting behavior when examining urban and rural municipalities separately? The analyses combine survey data on individual characteristics and register data aggregated on municipalities. The results in this paper suggest that voter characteristics and immigration explain a substantial part of the urban–rural divide. However, the propensity to vote for a far-right populist party is still higher in regions with lower population growth even when controlling for individual characteristics and immigration. When considering public service supply, the urban–rural divide is further weakened. The propensity to vote for a far-right party decreases with higher public service supply and higher share of immigrants. The findings in this paper thereby support the hypothesis that individuals in shrinking areas with lower access to public services are likely to respond to the deterioration of their location by casting a vote on the far-right (i.e., protest voting).
Pembrolizumab in advanced osteosarcoma: results of a single-arm, open-label, phase 2 trial
Authors: Boye Kjetil , Longhi Alessandra , Guren Tormod , Lorenz Susanne , Næss Stine , Pierini Michela , Taksdal Ingeborg , Lobmaier Ingvild , Cesari Marilena , Paioli Anna , Løndalen Ayca M. , Setola Elisabetta , Hompland Ivar , Meza-Zepeda Leonardo A. , Sundby Hall Kirsten , Palmerini Emanuela 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aim
To evaluate the activity and safety of the PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab in adult patients with advanced osteosarcoma.

Material and methods
The study was a single-arm, open-label, phase 2 trial in patients with unresectable, relapsed osteosarcoma. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate (CBR) at 18 weeks of treatment, defined as complete response, partial response, or stable disease using RECIST v1.1. The trial had a Simon´s two-stage design, and ≥ 3 of 12 patients with clinical benefit in stage 1 were required to proceed to stage 2. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03013127. NanoString analysis was performed to explore tumor gene expression signatures and pathways.

Results
Twelve patients were enrolled and received study treatment. No patients had clinical benefit at 18 weeks of treatment, and patient enrollment was stopped after completion of stage 1. Estimated median progression-free survival was 1.7 months (95% CI 1.2–2.2). At time of data cut-off, 11 patients were deceased due to osteosarcoma. Median overall survival was 6.6 months (95% CI 3.8–9.3). No treatment-related deaths or drug-related grade 3 or 4 adverse events were observed. PD-L1 expression was positive in one of 11 evaluable tumor samples, and the positive sample was from a patient with a mixed treatment response.

Conclusion
In this phase 2 study in advanced osteosarcoma, pembrolizumab was well-tolerated but did not show clinically significant antitumor activity. Future trials with immunomodulatory agents in osteosarcoma should explore combination strategies in patients selected based on molecular profiles associated with response.
Phenological tracking of a seasonal climate window in a recovering tropical island bird species
Authors: Taylor Joseph , Nicoll Malcolm A. C. , Black Emily , Wainwright Caroline M. , Jones Carl G. , Tatayah Vikash , Vidale Pier Luigi , Norris Ken 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConstraints on evolutionary adaptation and range shifts mean that phenotypic plasticity, which includes physiological, developmental or behavioural responses to environmental conditions, could be an important mode of adaptation to a changing climate for many species with small insular populations. While there is evidence to suggest adaptive plasticity to climate in some island populations, little is known about this capacity in species that have experienced a severe population bottleneck. In a changing climate, plasticity in the timing of life-history events, such as in breeding phenology, is adaptive if timing is optimised in seasonal environments, although these processes are poorly understood for tropical species. Here, we quantify the effects of climate on the breeding phenology and success of the Mauritius kestrel (Falco punctatus), a tropical raptor whose extinction has been averted by conservation management. We show that the timing of egg-laying is advancing in response to warming, at rates similar to temperate bird populations. Individual females show plasticity to temperature, although there is limited variation among individual responses. We show that advances in breeding phenology are likely to be adaptive, as they track changes in a seasonal climate window of favourable conditions, defined by late winter-early spring temperatures and the onset of the summer rainy season. Our results provide a rare example of a small and bottlenecked insular population that has adjusted to recent climate change through phenotypic plasticity. Furthermore, seasonal climate windows and their dynamics may be widespread mechanisms through which tropical species are impacted by and respond to climate change.
Are depressive disorders caused by psychosocial stressors at work? A systematic review with metaanalysis
Authors: Mikkelsen Sigurd , Coggon David , Andersen Johan Hviid , Casey Patricia , Flachs Esben Meulengracht , Kolstad Henrik Albert , Mors Ole , Bonde Jens Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the last decade, many studies have examined associations between poor psychosocial work environment and depression. We aimed to assess the evidence for a causal association between psychosocial factors at work and depressive disorders. We conducted a systematic literature search from 1980 to March 2019. For all exposures other than night and shift work and long working hours, we limited our selection of studies to those with a longitudinal design. We extracted available risk estimates for each of 19 psychosocial exposures, from which we calculated summary risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals (PROSPERO, identifier CRD42019130266). 54 studies were included, addressing 19 exposures and 11 different measures of depression. Only data on depressive episodes were sufficient for evaluation. Heterogeneity of exposure definitions and ascertainment, outcome measures, risk parameterization and effect contrasts limited the validity of meta-analyses. Summary risk estimates were above unity for all but one exposure, and below 1.60 for all but another. Outcome measures were liable to high rates of false positives, control of relevant confounding was mostly inadequate, and common method bias was likely in a large proportion of studies. The combination of resulting biases is likely to have inflated observed effect estimates. When statistical uncertainties and the potential for bias and confounding are taken into account, it is not possible to conclude with confidence that any of the psychosocial exposures at work included in this review is either likely or unlikely to cause depressive episodes or recurrent depressive disorders.
A process-based method for predicting lateral erosion rates
Authors: van Damme Myron 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn accurate means of predicting erosion rates is essential to improve the predictive capability of breach models. During breach growth, erosion rates are often determined with empirical equations. The predictive capability of empirical equations is governed by the range for which they have been validated and the accuracy with which empirical coefficients can be established. Most empirical equations thereby do not account for the impact of material texture, moisture content, and compaction energy on the erosion rates. The method presented in this paper acknowledges the impact of these parameters by accounting for the process of dilation during erosion. The paper shows how, given high surface shear stresses, the erosion rate can be quantified by applying the principles of soil mechanics. Key is thereby to identify that stress balance situation for which the dilatency induced inflow gives a maximum averaged shear resistance. The effectiveness of the model in predicting erosion rates is indicated by means of three validation test cases. A sensitivity analysis of the method is also provided to show that the predictions lie within the range of inaccuracy of the input parameters.
Hip fractures among the elderly in Kyoto, Japan: a 10-year study
Authors: Asada Maki , Horii Motoyuki , Ikoma Kazuya , Goto Tsuyoshi , Okubo Naoki , Kuriyama Nagato , Takahashi Kenji 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Summary

In Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, the number of hip fractures increased during 2013–2017 compared to 2008–2012. However, the estimated overall incidence rate increased only in femoral neck fractures in men aged ≥75 and women aged ≥85.

Purpose
The incidence rate of hip fractures in Japan has plateaued or decreased. We investigated the annual hip fracture occurrences in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, from 2008 to 2017.

Methods
Patients aged 65 years and above who sustained hip fractures between 2008 and 2017 and were treated at one of the participating 11 hospitals were included. The total number of beds in these institutions was 3701, accounting for 21.5% of the 17,242 acute-care beds in Kyoto Prefecture. The change in incidence rate was estimated utilizing the population according to the national census conducted in 2010 and 2015.

Results
The total number of hip fractures was 10,060, with 47.5% femoral neck fractures and 52.5% trochanteric fractures. A decrease in number was seen only in trochanteric fractures in the group of 75- to 84-year-old women. The population-adjusted numbers of femoral neck fractures showed a significant increase in all age groups in men, whereas in women, there was an increase in femoral neck fractures in the ≥85 group and trochanteric fractures in the age group 65–74, and a decrease in trochanteric fractures in the age group 75–84. The estimated change in incidence rate showed an increase in femoral neck fractures in men aged ≥75 and women aged ≥85.

Conclusion
In Kyoto Prefecture, the number of hip fractures increased in the second half of the study period (2013–2017) compared to the first half (2008–2012). However, the incidence rate had not increased, except in femoral neck fractures in men aged ≥75 and women aged ≥85.