bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of 5-HT 1b/d receptor restores the cognitive function by reducing glutamate release, deposition of β-amyloid and TLR-4 pathway in the brain of scopolamine-induced dementia in rat
Authors: Tripathi Alok Shiomurti , Bansod Prajakta , Swathi K P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study evaluates the effect of 5-HT 1b/d agonist on cognitive function in scopolamine (SPN)-induced dementia in the rat.

Methods
Dementia was induced by administration of SPN 2 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally, for a duration of 21 days. The effect of zolmitriptan (ZMT) 30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, was observed on cognitive function, and the parameters of oxidative stress like malondialdehyde (MDA) level, nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were estimated at the end. Histopathology study of brain tissue was performed for the determination of β-amyloid peptide, and qRT-PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), IL-17 and β-amyloid.

Key findings
Data of the study suggested that treatment with ZMT alone and in combination with DMP (dextromethorphan) significantly (P &lt; 0.01) decreases the escape latency in conditioned avoidance response (CAR) and transfer latency in elevated plus maze (EPM) as compared with negative control group. Moreover, the result of Morris water maze (MWM) shows an increase in retention time and a decrease in escape latency in ZMT alone and in combination with DMP-treated group of SPN-induced dementia than in the negative control group. There was a significant decrease in MDA and NO and increase in SOD and GPX in the brain tissues of ZMT and ZMT + DMP-treated group than negative control group. Histopathology study also suggested that the concentration of Aβ peptide decreases in the brain tissues in ZMT and ZMT + DMP-treated group than the negative control group. Moreover, ZMT treatment ameliorates the altered mRNA expression of TLR-4 and IL-17 in the brain tissue of SPN-induced dementia rat.

Conclusions
In conclusion, ZMT restores the cognitive functions and impaired memory in SPN-induced dementia in the rat by decreasing oxidative stress and Aβ peptide in the brain tissue of rat.
An update on redox signals in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress crosstalk: insights from cadmium and fungal pathogen interactions
Authors: Romero-Puertas María C , Terrón-Camero Laura C , Peláez-Vico M Ángeles , Molina-Moya Eliana , Sandalio Luisa M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Complex signalling pathways are involved in plant protection against single and combined stresses. Plants are able to coordinate genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming and display a unique programme of transcriptional responses to a combination of stresses that differs from the response to single stresses. However, a significant overlap between pathways and some defence genes in the form of shared and general stress-responsive genes appears to be commonly involved in responses to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as redox signals, are key molecules involved at the crossroads of the perception of different stress factors and the regulation of both specific and general plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we focus on crosstalk between plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, in addition to possible plant protection against pathogens caused by previous abiotic stress. Bioinformatic analyses of transcriptome data from cadmium- and fungal pathogen-treated plants focusing on redox gene ontology categories were carried out to gain a better understanding of common plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. The role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the complex network involved in plant responses to changes in their environment is also discussed.
A statistical and lexical study ofClavis Prophetarum[Key of the Prophets] by António Vieira, S.J. (1608–97)
Authors: Assunção Carlos , Tavares José Paulo , Fernandes Gonçalo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe applied the resources created in NooJ software, developed by Max Silberstein, to the third book of the Clavis Prophetarum [Key of the Prophets], by the 17th century Father António Vieira S.J. (1608–97), in the Latin version and its Portuguese translation by Espírito Santo, 2000, Critical Edition of the Clavis Prophetarum / Chave dos Profetas: Livro III by António Vieira. Lisboa: Biblioteca Nacional. We have carried out a statistical and lexical study that attempts to overcome the mere counting of forms, highlighting the lexical richness of texts, forms with higher frequency, new forms, and lexical associations. We created Nooj dictionaries for specific purposes and local grammars that allowed an analysis of the Latin text and its translation into Portuguese, going beyond mere counts of forms and highlighting the vocabulary richness of both texts, the most frequent forms, the new forms, and the lexical associations. This contrastive analysis has shown, for example, that, contrary to what one might expect, the Latin lexicon of the Latin original text is richer than the Portuguese translation.
Semiotically-grounded distant viewing of diagrams: insights from two multimodal corpora
Authors: Hiippala Tuomo , Bateman John A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this article, we argue for the benefits of combining large-scale analyses of visual materials currently pursued within digital humanities with insights from multimodality research, which is an emerging discipline that studies how human communication relies on appropriate combinations of expressive resources. We show that concepts developed within the field of multimodality research provide appropriate metadata schemes for various modes of expression in large corpora and datasets. We illustrate the proposed approach using a common mode of expression, diagrams, and analyse two recent multimodal diagram corpora using statistical and computational methods. Our results suggest that multimodally-motivated metadata schemes can provide a robust foundation for computational analyses of large corpora and datasets. Even if a corpus or dataset is not designed to support full-blown analyses of multimodal communication, our results imply that multimodality theory can still be used to impose tighter analytical control over a variety of visual materials.
Structural basis of Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 inhibition by AcrIIA14
Authors: Liu Hongnan , Zhu Yuwei , Lu Zebin , Huang Zhiwei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bacteriophages have evolved a range of anti-CRISPR proteins (Acrs) to escape the adaptive immune system of prokaryotes, therefore Acrs can be used as switches to regulate gene editing. Herein, we report the crystal structure of a quaternary complex of AcrIIA14 bound SauCas9–sgRNA–dsDNA at 2.22 Å resolution, revealing the molecular basis for AcrIIA14 recognition and inhibition. Our structural and biochemical data analysis suggest that AcrIIA14 binds to a non-conserved region of SauCas9 HNH domain that is distinctly different from AcrIIC1 and AcrIIC3, with no significant effect on sgRNA or dsDNA binding. Further, our structural data shows that the allostery of the HNH domain close to the substrate DNA is sterically prevented by AcrIIA14 binding. In addition, the binding of AcrIIA14 triggers the conformational allostery of the HNH domain and the L1 linker within the SauCas9, driving them to make new interactions with the target-guide heteroduplex, enhancing the inhibitory ability of AcrIIA14. Our research both expands the current understanding of anti-CRISPRs and provides additional culues for the rational use of the CRISPR-Cas system in genome editing and gene regulation.
Epidemiology, thrombolytic management, and outcomes of acute stroke among patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zamberg Ido , Assouline-Reinmann Marie , Carrera Emmanuel , Sood Manish M , Sozio Stephen M , Martin Pierre-Yves , Mavrakanas Thomas A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
The relative frequency of ischaemic versus haemorrhagic stroke among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been clearly described. Moreover, no recent meta-analysis has investigated the outcomes of patients with CKD treated with thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the proportion of stroke subtypes and the outcomes of thrombolysis in CKD.

Methods
A PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane literature research was conducted. The primary outcome was the proportion and incidence of ischaemic versus haemorrhagic strokes among patients with CKD. In addition, we assessed the impact of CKD on disability, mortality and bleeding among patients with acute ischaemic stroke treated with thrombolysis. The pooled proportion and the risk ratio were estimated using a random-effects model.

Results
Thirty-nine observational studies were included: 22 on the epidemiology of stroke types and 17 on the outcomes of thrombolysis in this population. In the main analysis (&gt;99 281 patients), ischaemic stroke was more frequent than haemorrhagic among patients with CKD [78.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 73.3–82.5%]. However, among patients with kidney failure, the proportion of ischaemic stroke decreased and was closer to that of haemorrhagic stroke (59.8%, 95% CI 49.4–69.4%). CKD was associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischaemic stroke compared with patients with preserved kidney function.

Conclusions
The relative frequency of haemorrhagic stroke seems to increase as kidney function declines. Among patients with acute ischaemic stroke treated with thrombolysis, presence of CKD is associated with higher disability, mortality and bleeding, compared with patients with preserved kidney function.
Women scientists in China: current status and aspirations
Authors: Gu Chao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Throughout history, gender inequality has persisted in most parts of the world. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, substantial progress has been made towards gender equality in China. Today, a large number of Chinese women scientists are making significant contributions to advance science. However, are they facing gender discrimination in hiring and promotion? Do they have access to the same opportunities as their male colleagues? What are the potential approaches to further promote gender equality in China's scientific community given myriad unfavorable social factors? Recently, NSR invited five Chinese female scientists and two gender experts to discuss these issues. Here are their observations and suggestions.

Bing Liu
Professor at the Department of the History of Science, Tsinghua University

Jun Lu
Senior Engineer at Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, and Deputy Chief Designer of BeiDou Grounded Test and Validation System

Chih-chen Wang
Professor at the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Hongyang Wang
President of the China Women's Association for Science and Technology (CWAST), Director of the National Center for Science in Liver Cancer

Xiaoyun Wang
C. N. Yang Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University

Yan Zheng
Chair Professor at the School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology

Wenpei Tang (Chair)
Professor at the School of Health Humanities, Peking University
Treatment of a Giant Thrombotic M1 Segment Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm With Radial Artery Bypass and Distal Occlusion to Create a “Blind Sac” Following Endovascular Failure: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Eshraghi Sheila R , Barrow Daniel L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The case is of a 36-yr-old male with a previously coiled aneurysm arising from the proximal M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) just beyond the internal carotid artery (ICA) bifurcation who presented to our institution with subjective left hemiparesis, headache, and vomiting. Physical exam revealed a left facial droop, but neurological exam was otherwise normal, including full motor strength. Neuroimaging showed a large partially thrombosed aneurysm recurrence, measuring 5.2 cm, with obstructive hydrocephalus. Cerebral angiogram showed filling within a small portion of the aneurysm and marked stenosis of the MCA beyond the neck. A ventriculostomy was placed, and he underwent a pterional craniotomy for high-flow radial artery bypass from the common carotid artery to an M2 branch of the MCA and clip placement. This case demonstrates the creation of a blind sac by placing a clip on the MCA distal to the aneurysm and proximal to the lenticulostriate arteries for the treatment of a giant proximal M1 segment aneurysm. Postoperative digital subtraction angiography shows the MCA distribution, including the lenticulostriate arteries, filling through the radial artery bypass, and anterograde flow through the ICA, which perfuses up to and including the anterior choroidal artery. There is no residual filling of the aneurysm. The patient remained at his neurological baseline postoperatively and required ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement for hydrocephalus. At outpatient follow-up, computed tomography imaging showed decreased size of the thrombosed aneurysm, measuring 4.5 cm, and he had no neurological deficits. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and deidentified video recording of this case.
Microsurgical Clip Trapping of Dorsal Internal Carotid Artery Blister Ruptured Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Khan Nickalus R , Elarjani Turki , Cajigas Ian , Chen Stephanie , Morcos Jacques J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Dorsal internal carotid artery (ICA) blister aneurysms are an uncommon aneurysm variant constituting 0.3% to 1% of intracranial aneurysms and can be due to ulceration, atherosclerosis, or dissection.
1-3
Despite its rarity, it carries a high risk of rupture with an estimation of 0.9% to 6.5% among intracranial aneurysms.
1,2
Blister aneurysms are small in size, have no distinguishable neck, and have a friable wall that can easily rupture if manipulated, hence the difficulty in its treatment utilizing both microsurgical and endovascular techniques.
1,2,4-6
Endovascular coiling of these lesions may not be adequate due to the broad-based size; stenting requires the use of antiplatelet medications, which could lead to rebleeding; flow diversion takes longer to exert its treatment effect.
1,4
Conversely, microsurgical management carries a higher intraoperative rupture rate.
2
Microsurgical options include clipping, clip reconstruction, trapping with bypass, and wrapping.
4,7
We present a case of a 38-yr-old man who presented with a ruptured right dorsal ICA blister aneurysm treated with microsurgical trapping with intraoperative flow measurements. We demonstrate how the use of quantitative intraoperative flow measurements allows confident sacrifice of the supraclinoid ICA. We also demonstrate in contrast another case example of utilizing a clip-graft repair. The patient remained unchanged with an intact neurological exam, and postoperative imaging showed no aneurysm remnant and patent anterior choroidal artery. We review the literature and management of dorsal ICA aneurysms.
8-15
We also review the technical nuances and different endovascular and microsurgical treatments that can be used for this condition.
The patient gave informed consent for the procedure and verbal consent to the publication.
New method of screening for COVID-19 disease using sniffer dogs and scents from axillary sweat samples
Authors: Sarkis Riad , Lichaa Anthony , Mjaess Georges , Saliba Michele , Selman Carlo , Lecoq-Julien Clothilde , Grandjean Dominique , Jabbour Nabil M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Early screening for COVID-19 is needed to limit the spread of the virus. The aim of this study is to test if the sniffer dogs can be successfully trained to identify subjects with COVID-19 for ‘proof of concept’ and ‘non-inferiority’ against PCR. We are calling this method, Dognosis (DN).

Methods
Four hundred and fifty-nine subjects were included, 256 (Group ‘P’) were known cases of COVID-19 (PCR positive, some with and some without symptoms) and 203 (Group ‘C’) were PCR negative and asymptomatic (control). Samples were obtained from the axillary sweat of each subject in a masked fashion. Two dogs trained to detect specific Volatile Organic Compounds for COVID-19 detection were used to test each sample.

Results
[DN] turned out positive (+) in all the cases that were PCR positive (100% sensitivity). On the other hand, [DN] turned positive (+) in an average of 12.5 cases (6.2%) that were initially PCR negative (apparent specificity of 93.8%). When the PCR was repeated, true specificity was 97.2%. These parameters varied in subgroups from 100% sensitivity and 99% specificity in symptomatic patients to 100% sensitivity and 93% specificity in asymptomatic patients.

Conclusion
DN method shows high sensitivity and specificity in screening COVID-19 patients.
Nudge me: tailoring text messages for prescription adherence through N-of-1 interviews
Authors: Waughtal Joy , Luong Phat , Sandy Lisa , Chavez Catia , Ho P Michael , Bull Sheana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Almost 50% of patients with cardiovascular diseases face challenges in taking medications and increased morbidity and mortality. Text messaging may impact medication refill behavior and can be delivered at scale to patients by texting mobile phones. To obtain feedback from persons with chronic conditions on the design of interactive text messages and determine language of message for making messages that can motivate patients to refill medications on time. We purposively sampled 35 English and Spanish speaking patients with at least one chronic condition from three large healthcare delivery systems to participate in N-of-1 video-based synchronous interviews. Research assistants shared ideas for theory-informed text messages with content intended to persuade patients to refill their medication. We transcribed recorded interviews and conducted a content analysis to identify strategies to employ generating a dynamic interactive text message library intended to increase medication refill. Those interviewed were of diverse age and race/ethnicity and typical of persons with multiple chronic conditions. Several participants emphasized that personally tailored and positively framed messages would be more persuasive than generic and/or negative messages. Some patients appreciated humor and messages that could evoke a sense of social support from their providers and rejected the use of emojis. Messages to remind patients to refill medications may facilitate improvements in adherence, which in turn can improve chronic care. Designing messages that are persuasive and can prompt action is feasible and should be considered given the ease with which such messages can be delivered automatically at scale.
Predictors of medical mistrust among urban youth of color during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ash Marcia J , Berkley-Patton Jannette , Christensen Kelsey , Haardörfer Regine , Livingston Melvin D , Miller Teesha , Woods-Jaeger Briana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted communities of color and highlighted longstanding racial health inequities. Communities of color also report higher rates of medical mistrust driven by histories of medical mistreatment and continued experiences of discrimination and systemic racism. Medical mistrust may exacerbate COVID-19 disparities. This study utilizes the Behavior Model for Vulnerable Populations to investigate predictors of medical mistrust during the COVID-19 pandemic among urban youth of color. Minority youth (N = 105) were recruited from community organizations in Kansas City, Missouri to complete an online survey between May and June 2020. Multiple linear regressions were performed to estimate the effect of personal characteristics, family and community resources, and COVID-19 need-based factors on medical mistrust. Results indicated that loneliness, financial insecurity (e.g., job loss, loss of income) due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and eligibility for free or reduced lunch predicted medical mistrust. Insurance status, neighborhood median household income, social support, and perceived COVID-19 risk were not significantly associated with medical mistrust. Future research and policies are necessary to address systemic factors that perpetuate medical mistrust among youth of color.
Tandem Protein Kinases Emerge as New Regulators of Plant Immunity
Authors: Klymiuk Valentyna , Coaker Gitta , Fahima Tzion , Pozniak Curtis J. 
Published: June 2021

Plant–pathogen interactions result in disease development in a susceptible host. Plants actively resist pathogens via a complex immune system comprising both surface-localized receptors that sense the extracellular space as well as intracellular receptors recognizing pathogen effectors. To date, the majority of cloned resistance genes encode intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor proteins. Recent discoveries have revealed tandem kinase proteins (TKPs) as another important family of intracellular proteins involved in plant immune responses. Five TKP genes—barley Rpg1 and wheat WTK1 (Yr15), WTK2 (Sr60), WTK3 (Pm24), and WTK4—protect against devastating fungal diseases. Moreover, a large diversity and numerous putative TKPs exist across the plant kingdom. This review explores our current knowledge of TKPs and serves as a basis for future studies that aim to develop and exploit a deeper understanding of innate plant immunity receptor proteins.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .