bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertebrate population trends are influenced by interactions between land use, climatic position, habitat loss and climate change
Authors: Williams Jessica J. , Freeman Robin , Spooner Fiona , Newbold Tim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRapid human‐driven environmental changes are impacting animal populations around the world. Currently, land‐use and climate change are two of the biggest pressures facing biodiversity. However, studies investigating the impacts of these pressures on population trends often do not consider potential interactions between climate and land‐use change. Further, a population's climatic position (how close the ambient temperature and precipitation conditions are to the species’ climatic tolerance limits) is known to influence responses to climate change but has yet to be investigated with regard to its influence on land‐use change responses over time. Consequently, important variations across species’ ranges in responses to environmental changes may be being overlooked. Here, we combine data from the Living Planet and BioTIME databases to carry out a global analysis exploring the impacts of land use, habitat loss, climatic position, climate change and the interactions between these variables, on vertebrate population trends. By bringing these datasets together, we analyse over 7,000 populations across 42 countries. We find that land‐use change is interacting with climate change and a population's climatic position to influence rates of population change. Moreover, features of a population's local landscape (such as surrounding land cover) play important roles in these interactions. For example, populations in agricultural land uses where maximum temperatures were closer to their hot thermal limit, declined at faster rates when there had also been rapid losses in surrounding semi‐natural habitat. The complex interactions between these variables on populations highlight the importance of taking intraspecific variation and interactions between local and global pressures into account. Understanding how drivers of change are interacting and impacting populations, and how this varies spatially, is critical if we are to identify populations at risk, predict species’ responses to future environmental changes and produce suitable conservation strategies.
(Un)doing gender in female breadwinner households: Gender relations and structural change
Authors: Sánchez‐Mira Núria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe paper explores working class couples' experiences of female‐breadwinning during the Great Recession in Spain. It examines the extent to which couples' adaptations to these gender‐atypical work‐family arrangements have led to processes of (un)doing gender. The study is based on the analysis of 24 semi‐structured biographical interviews and life history calendars with men and women in 12 heterosexual couples who have gone through different breadwinning statuses during their trajectory. Findings show that men whose partners were primary breadwinners for a period make the greatest effort to preserve the male‐breadwinner illusion. In contrast, female breadwinners identify with a co‐breadwinner model and do not understate their own economic contribution. Men's insufficient participation in housework and child care is experienced by women with disapproval, which turns into open conflict when the women perform the bulk of such work. The paper concludes that adaptation to unconventional arrangements can constitute a catalyst for processes that undo gender, but more qualitative longitudinal research is needed to determine how economistic and normative factors interact dynamically across different countries and social groups in shaping these processes.
Changes in the content and antioxidative activity of β‐carotene and its metabolite vitamin A during gastrointestinal digestion and absorption and optimisation of HPLC‐based detection
Authors: Zhuang Shanshan , Zheng Wenxiong , Na Yunong , Chen Naiyi , Gong Fan , Huang Bingxuan , Charles Stephen Brennan , Liu Congyi , Cheng Jian , Ma Lukai , Liu Huifan 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe β‐Carotene (BC), an important precursor of vitamin A (VA), possesses antioxidant activity but is fat‐soluble and has low bioavailability. In previous in‐vitro assays evaluating antioxidant and 2,2′‐azobis(2‐amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) free radical scavenging, both BC and VA showed a strong ability to scavenge radicals and protected cells from oxidative stress. Here, we used artificially simulated gastrointestinal digestion and Caco‐2 cell absorption models to evaluate the bioavailability of the BC during gastrointestinal digestion and absorption using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. We observed high absorptive and transfer rates of BC and detected retinol metabolites (Vitamin A). Therefore, BC can be detected in the acidic gastrointestinal environment using HPLC. Optimised method provided better separation of BC and VA in the column, improving the accuracy of the test results.
The Syrian refugee crisis through the lenses of Turkish political discourses: An analysis of deliberations in the Turkish Parliament
Authors: Apaydın Samet , Müftüler‐Baç Meltem 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMigration has become highly contentious. Turkey is no exception. Turkey faces even further challenges as the host to the world's largest refugee population, with Syrians as the majority. Fear about loss of control over borders, and its subsequent political, economic, social and cultural repercussions lies at the heart of migration debates. Parliamentary deliberations provide a public venue for airing these concerns. The paper focuses on Turkish Parliamentary deliberations on the Syrians to assess its issue salience. To do so, an extensive coding of the Parliamentary debates from 2015 to 2019 is conducted. The paper's rigorous analysis of the Turkish Parliamentary debates on the Syrians reveals multiple findings, uncovering a divide among the five political parties in the Parliament—the AKP, CHP, MHP, Iyi Party and the HDP emphasizing different dimensions. The paper captures the commonalities and differences among these political parties with a systematic empirical study of Turkish Parliamentary debates.
NSW Cannabis Medicines Advisory Service preliminary survey results: enquirer perceptions and patient outcomes
Authors: Graham Myfanwy , Bird Sonia , Howard Zachary , Dobson Michelle , Palazzi Kerrin , Lucas Catherine J. , Schneider Jennifer , Eagar Kathy , Martin Jennifer H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn 2018, an innovative, State government‐funded cannabis medicines drug information service was established for health professionals in New South Wales (NSW). The NSW Cannabis Medicines Advisory Service (CMAS) provides expert clinical guidance and support to medical practitioners considering prescribing a cannabis medicine to their patient(s).AimsThis research examines quality assurance and patient outcomes related to enquirers' experience with NSW CMAS.MethodsData collection involved an online, anonymous survey with two components. Following a health professional enquiry, quality assurance data were collected about the enquirers' experience with NSW CMAS. The second survey focussed on patient outcomes and provides real‐world observational data about cannabis medicines safety and effectiveness across a wide range of indications.ResultsData collection occurred between January 2020 and June 2021. Preliminary analyses were based on 68 quality assurance and 50 patient outcomes survey responses. General practitioners represented the highest proportion of survey responses (n = 33; 49%). The most common enquiry involved ‘patient‐specific advice’ (n = 50; 74%). Patient‐specific information provided by the service was mainly used for prescribing decision support (n = 45; 90%).ConclusionsPreliminary findings highlight the impact of an innovative cannabis medicines drug information service in supporting health professional clinical practice in an area of rapid knowledge translation. Quality assurance data indicate that the service is perceived well by the majority of enquirers. Patient outcomes data across a wide range of indications suggest some effectiveness and a reasonable safety profile for prescribed cannabis medicines for most patients.
Conflict resolution in the era of cognitive multicriteria decision‐making: an AHP‐retributive approach
Authors: Vargas Luis G. , Moreno‐Loscertales Cristina , Moreno‐Jiménez José María 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper puts forth the foundation for a different type of negotiation that reflects in a more realistic way the behavior of human beings when making complex decisions, aligned with the cognitive process involved. The positive and the negative aspects of decisions reflect two components in the human brain: the nucleus accumbens and the amygdala. The first component deals with behavior related to rewards or potential gains, and the other with behavior related to risk aversion or potential losses. Negotiations require communication, learning, accommodation of positions, and development of alternatives and modification of constraints. Negotiation support systems help and advice negotiators; structure and analyze the problem; elicit preferences to construct a preference function; visualize different aspects of the problem and the process; and facilitate communication and learning. The methodology used is based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process previously employed in a retributive conflict in which each party calculates the incremental benefits it gets and the costs to its opponent. The Israeli–Palestinian conflict is used to show the viability of the approach and the type of inputs we need to study conflicts with this approach. The negotiation platform that we describe here help the actors to start and engage a negotiation from noncooperative parties. It can also be used in human– negotiations to expedite reaching an agreement if one exists. However, we are not seeking automated negotiations. Advantages and risks of Artificial Intelligence contribution in negotiation support systems for cognitive and retributive conflict resolution based on AHP (CRCR‐AHP) are also discussed.
Effect of an mHealth self‐help intervention on readmission after adult cardiac surgery: Protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wynne Rochelle , Nolte Joanne , Matthews Stacey , Angel Jennifer , Le Ann , Moore Andrew , Campbell Tina , Ferguson Caleb 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo describe a protocol for the pilot phase of a trial designed to test the effect of an mHealth intervention on representation and readmission after adult cardiac surgery.DesignA multisite, parallel group, pilot randomized controlled trial (ethics approval: HREC2020.331‐RMH69278).MethodsAdult patients scheduled to undergo elective cardiac surgery (coronary artery bypass grafting, valve surgery, or a combination of bypass grafting and valve surgery or aortic surgery) will be recruited from three metropolitan tertiary teaching hospitals. Patients allocated to the control group with receive usual care that is comprised of in‐patient discharge education and local paper‐based written discharge materials. Patients in the intervention group will be provided access to tailored ‘GoShare’ mHealth bundles preoperatively, in a week of hospital discharge and 30 days after surgery. The mHealth bundles are comprised of patient narrative videos, animations and links to reputable resources. Bundles can be accessed via a smartphone, tablet or computer. Bundles are evidence‐based and designed to improve patient self‐efficacy and self‐management behaviours, and to empower people to have a more active role in their healthcare. Computer‐generated permuted block randomization with an allocation ratio of 1:1 will be generated for each site. At the time of consent, and 30, 60 and 90 days after surgery quality of life and level of patient activation will be measured. In addition, rates of representation and readmission to hospital will be tracked and verified via data linkage 1 year after the date of surgery.DiscussionInterventions using mHealth technologies have proven effectiveness for a range of cardiovascular conditions with limited testing in cardiac surgical populations.ImpactThis study provides an opportunity to improve patient outcome and experience for adults undergoing cardiac surgery by empowering patients as end‐users with strategies for self‐help.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12621000082808.
Promoting Attachment Through Healing (PATH): Results of a retrospective feasibility study providing trauma‐and‐violence‐informed care to pregnant women
Authors: Mantler Tara , Jackson Kimberley T. , Walsh Edmund J. , Jackson Brianna , Baer Jessi R. , Davidson Cara A. , Shillington Katie J. , Parkinson Sarah 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact of a trauma and violence‐informed cognitive behavioural therapy (TVICBT) intervention, compared with standard care on mental health, coping, bonding and maternal‐infant attachment among pregnant women with a history of intimate partner violence and who displayed symptomatology consistent with anxiety, depression or post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).DesignA mixed‐methods case study design was employed, where women either received standard perinatal care or were referred to a specialized TVICBT program.MethodsData were collected through a retrospective obstetric medical chart audit in 2017 at an Ontario hospital in a large urban centre. Multiple choice and ‘yes/no’ questions were analysed using measures of central tendency and dispersion, in addition to frequency counts. Qualitative data from clinical notes were subjected to an inductive content analysis approach to identify key concepts.ResultsIn total, 69 women participated (intervention group = 37, standard care group = 32). Prevalence of mental illness between groups was consistent, apart from the TVICBT group having a significant increase in PTSD. In the TVICBT group, 83.8% of women (n = 31) expressed perinatal concerns, compared with only 37.5% (n = 12) of the standard care group. More women in the intervention group (94.6%, n = 35) coped successfully in the intrapartum period than the standard care group (78.1%, n = 25). However, more women in the standard care group (97.0%, n = 31) exhibited appropriate bonding behaviours than the TVICBT group (88.6%, n = 31).ConclusionThe TVICBT intervention was effective in assisting women to identify triggers during their pregnancy journey, develop appropriate coping strategies and advocate for their needs to best cope.ImpactTVICBT offers an effective, individualized, trauma and violence‐informed approach to optimize the health outcomes of perinatal women and their infants by promoting positive coping and maternal‐infant bonding, thus filling an existing practice gap of a lack of individualized, trauma‐informed care.
Ambivalence in nurses’ use of the early warning score: A focussed ethnography in a hospital setting
Authors: Mølgaard Rikke R. , Jørgensen Lone , Christensen Erika F. , Grønkjær Mette , Voldbjerg Siri L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThis study describes and explores the influences in registered nurses’ use of early warning scores to support clinical decisions in a hospital setting.DesignA focussed ethnography allowed for the investigation of registered nurses’ clinical practices in two wards in a Danish University Hospital. The study adhered to the ‘Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research’.MethodsParticipant observation and ethnographic interviews were conducted from March 2019 to August 2019. Ten registered nurses were observed and interviewed, and four physicians were interviewed. Data were analysed using LeCompte and Schensul's ethnographic analysis.FindingsThe findings show the registered nurses’ ambivalence towards the early warning score as a decision support system. Early warning score monitoring created a space for registered nurses to identify and initiate optimized care. However, when early warning scores contradicted registered nurses’ clinical judgments, the latter were given priority in decisions even though elevated scores were not always accounted for in the situation. Moreover, we found unspoken expectations in the collaboration between physicians and registered nurses, which influenced the registered nurses’ workloads and decisions regarding early warning scores.ConclusionRegistered nurses’ clinical judgment is essential to clinical decisions on the care and safety of patients if used combined with the early warning score. Interprofessional collaboration between registered nurses and physicians about the early warning score is challenged. Future research may address this challenge to explore how it should be operated as a collaboration tool.ImpactThe study adds knowledge to the evidence base of registered nurses’ use of early warning score and the advantages and challenges associated with the use of these scoring systems. The study may provide valuable knowledge for the future development of policies or implementation strategies.
Reduced rank analysis of morphometric and functional traits in Campolina horses
Authors: de Oliveira Bussiman Fernando , Carvalho Rachel Santos Bueno , e Silva Fabyano Fonseca , Ventura Ricardo Vieira , Ferraz José Bento Sterman , Mattos Elisângela Chicaroni , Eler Joanir Pereira , Balieiro Júlio Cesar de Carvalho 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMultitrait models can increase the accuracy of breeding value prediction and reduce bias due to selection by using traits measured before and after it has occurred. However, as the number of traits grows, a similar trend is expected for the number of parameters to be estimated, which directly affects the computing power and the amount of data required. The aim of the present study was to apply reduced rank (principal components model—PCM) and factor analytical models (FAM), to estimate (co)variance components for nineteen traits, jointly evaluated in a single analysis in Campolina horses. A total of 18 morphometric traits (MT) and one gait visual score (GtS), along with genealogical records of 48,806 horses, were analysed under a restricted maximum likelihood framework. Nine PCM, nine FAM and one standard multitrait model (MTM) were fitted to the data and compared to find the best suitable model. Based on Bayesian information criterion, the best model was the FAM option, considering five common factors (FAM5). After performing an intraclass analysis, none of MT were genetically negatively correlated, whereas GtS was negatively related to all MT, except for the genetic correlations among GtS and BLL, and between GtS and BLLBL (0.01 and 0.10 respectively). From all MT, two traits were derived computing ratios involving other traits, those had negative correlations with others MT, but all favourable for selection. Similar patterns were observed between the genetic parameters obtained from MTM and FAM5 respectively. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.09 (head width) to 0.47 (height at withers). Our results indicated that FAM was efficient to reduce the multitrait analysis dimensionality, and therefore, traits can be combined based on the first three eigenvectors from the additive genetic (co)variance matrix. In addition, there was sufficient genetic variation for selection, benefiting its potential implementation in a breeding program.
Single‐step genomic evaluation of Russian dairy cattle using internal and external information
Authors: Kudinov Andrei A. , Mäntysaari Esa A. , Pitkänen Timo J. , Saksa Ekaterina I. , Aamand Gert P. , Uimari Pekka , Strandén Ismo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGenomic data are widely used in predicting the breeding values of dairy cattle. The accuracy of genomic prediction depends on the size of the reference population and how related the candidate animals are to it. For populations with limited numbers of progeny‐tested bulls, the reference populations must include cows and data from external populations. The aim of this study was to implement state‐of‐the‐art single‐step genomic evaluations for milk and fat yield in Holstein and Russian Black & White cattle in the Leningrad region (LR, Russia), using only a limited number of genotyped animals. We complemented internal information with external pseudo‐phenotypic and genotypic data of bulls from the neighbouring Danish, Finnish and Swedish Holstein (DFS) population. Three data scenarios were used to perform single‐step GBLUP predictions in the LR dairy cattle population. The first scenario was based on the original LR reference population, which constituted 1,080 genotyped cows and 427 genotyped bulls. In the second scenario, the genotypes of 414 bulls related to the LR from the DFS population were added to the reference population. In the third scenario, LR data were further augmented with pseudo‐phenotypic data from the DFS population. The inclusion of foreign information increased the validation reliability of the milk yield by up to 30%. Suboptimal data recording practices hindered the improvement of fat yield. We confirmed that the single‐step model is suitable for populations with a low number of genotyped animals, especially when external information is integrated into the evaluations. Genomic prediction in populations with a low number of progeny‐tested bulls can be based on data from genotyped cows and on the inclusion of genotypes and pseudo‐phenotypes from the external population. This approach increased the validation reliability of the implemented single‐step model in the milk yield, but shortcomings in the LR data recording scheme prevented improvements in fat yield.