bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Artificial Intelligence Solutions in a Pandemic - The COVID-19-20 Lung CT Lesion Segmentation Challenge
Authors: Roth Holger , Xu Ziyue , Diez Carlos Tor , Jacob Ramon Sanchez , Zember Jonathan , Molto Jose , Li Wenqi , Xu Sheng , Turkbey Baris , Turkbey Evrim , Yang Dong , Harouni Ahmed , Rieke Nicola , Hu Shishuai , Isensee Fabian , Tang Claire , Yu Qinji , Sölter Jan , Zheng Tong , Liauchuk Vitali , Zhou Ziqi , Moltz Jan , Oliveira Bruno , Xia Yong , Maier-Hein Klaus , Li Qikai , Husch Andreas , Zhang Luyang , Kovalev Vassili , Kang Li , Hering Alessa , Vilaça João , Flores Mona , Xu Daguang , Wood Bradford , Linguraru Marius 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) methods for the automatic detection and quantification of COVID-19 lesions in chest computed tomography (CT) might play an important role in the monitoring and management of the disease. We organized an international challenge and competition for the development and comparison of AI algorithms for this task, which we supported with public data and state-of-the-art benchmark methods. Board Certified Radiologists annotated 295 public images from two sources (A and B) for algorithms training (n=199, source A), validation (n=50, source A) and testing (n=23, source A; n=23, source B). There were 1,096 registered teams of which 225 and 98 completed the validation and testing phases, respectively. The challenge showed that AI models could be rapidly designed by diverse teams with the potential to measure disease or facilitate timely and patient-specific interventions. This paper provides an overview and the major outcomes of the COVID-19 Lung CT Lesion Segmentation Challenge - 2020.
Molecular Docking Studies of Phytocompounds from Withania Sominifera Against IL6 and JAK3 Targets in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: saini Gagan vishal , Bharadvaja Navneeta 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an auto immune disorder and inflammatory that decreases the life expectancy and it is characterized by persistent joint pain. This disease is not curable but can be maintained. People have been using a plant known as Withania somnifera or Indian Ginseng for its medicinal properties. The phytocompounds of this plant shows anti-inflammatory potentials against Rheumatoid Arthritis cytokine pathogenesis. In our study we are going to use IL6 and JAK3 protein as targets for docking and compounds of Withania somnifera as ligands.
Targeting PP2A with lomitapide suppresses colorectal tumorigenesis through the activation of AMPK/Beclin1-mediated autophagy
Authors: Zuo Qian , Liao Long , Yao Ziting , Liu Yaping , Wang Dingkang , Li Shujun , Yin Xingfeng , He Qingyu , Xu Wenwen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most malignant cancer worldwide, and the limited efficacy of existing treatments is the leading cause of death in patients with CRC. Thus, novel drugs for CRC treatment are urgently needed.
Methods

We screened an FDA-approved small-molecule library upon HCT116 cells, and identified lomitapide as a novel CRC anticancer compound. Then we confirmed the activities of lomitapide on CRC cells by WST-1 assay, colony formation, and flow cytometry. RNA sequencing and GO analysis were used to investigate the mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of lomitapide. LiP-SMap was introduced to search for the potential targets of lomitapide. The in vivo experiment was conducted to confirm the therapeutic efficiency and safety of lomitapide as an anticancer agent.
Results

Lomitapide exhibited remarkable antitumor properties in vitro and in vivo, while activated autophagy is characterized by GO analysis as a key biological process in lomitapide-induced CRC repression. Moreover, lomitapide stimulated mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated AMPK activation, resulting in increased AMPK phosphorylation and enhanced Beclin1/Atg14/Vps34 interactions, provoking autophagy induction. LiP-SMap analysis showed that PP2A was the direct target of lomitapide, and the bioactivity of lomitapide was attenuated in PP2A-deficient cells, suggesting that the anticancer effect of lomitapide occurs in a PP2A-dependent manner.
Conclusions

Our results indicate that lomitapide activates AMPK-regulated autophagy to inhibit the proliferation and tumorigenesis of CRC cells by directly targeting PP2A, and can be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of CRC patients.
Microbial Community Analysis of Rhizosphere of Healthy and Wilted Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) in An Organic Farming System
Authors: González-Escobedo Román , Muñoz-Castellanos Laila N. , Muñoz-Ramirez Zilia Y. , López César Guigón , Avila-Quezada Graciela Dolores 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Rhizosphere microorganisms play an important role in the growth and health of plants. Around the world, diverse soil-borne pathogens attack Capsicum annuum causing significant damage and economic losses; however, very little is known about how rhizosphere microbial communities are altered by infestation with root pathogens. This work aimed to determine whether the diversity and structure of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of C. annuum plants is significantly changed by wilt disease. We used 16S rRNA for bacteria and the internal transcribed spacer region for fungi, to characterize the rhizosphere microbiomes of healthy and wilted plants. The most abundant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes, while the most abundant fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Mucoromycota. The bacterial α-diversity did not show significant differences in richness and diversity, but did show a significant difference in evenness and dominance of species. Rare taxa were present in both healthy and wilted conditions with relative abundances < 1%. In the fungi, all evaluated estimators showed a significant reduction in the wilted condition. The β-diversity showed significant differences in the structure of bacterial and fungal communities, which were segregated according to plant health condition. The differential abundance analysis did not show significant results in the bacterial communities; however, in the fungal communities, Rhizopus, Thanatephorus, Curvularia, Fusarium, Cladosporium, and Alternaria were more abundant in the rhizosphere of wilted than healthy plants. Species from these genera have been previously reported as phytopathogens of several plants, including in reports on individual species as disease agents in C. annuum.
Analysis of ARROW Waveguide based Microcantilever for Sensing Application
Authors: K Asha , Krishnaswamy Narayan , Suryanarayana N K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Analysis of microcantilever beam and ARROW microcantilever waveguides are presented in this work. The microcantilever is simulated by using the silicon nitride material. Electric voltage applied creates the deformation in the cantilever beam. The deformation leads to displacement of the beam. The displacement is due to bending of the cantilever tip. The integration of MEMS cantilever and ARROW waveguide results in the ARROW microcantilever waveguide. The ARROW microcantilever waveguide quality factor, electric filed intensity and sensitivity analysis are the three important parameters presented. The quality factor is obtained by varying the air gap distance between cantilever waveguide and output waveguide. Through this simulation using FDTD sensitivity up to 73.78 nm/RIU has been achieved for the microcantilever arrow waveguide.
The Ability of a Submaximal Cycle Ergometer Test to Detect Longitudinal Changes in VO2Max
Authors: Björkman Frida , Ekblom Örjan , Ekblom-Bak Elin , Bohman Tony 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The purpose of the present study was to examine the ability of a submaximal cycling test to detect longitudinal changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and examine the conformity between changes in measured and estimated VO2max over a time span of 5–8 years.
Methods
A total of 35 participants (21 men and 14 women), aged 29 to 63 years, performed the Ekblom-Bak (EB) submaximal cycle test for estimation of VO2max and a maximal treadmill running test for direct measurement of VO2max. The baseline tests were conducted between 2009 and 2012, and the follow-up tests were completed 5 to 8 years later. Pearson’s coefficient of correlation (r) and paired sample t-test were used to analyse the association between change in measured and estimated VO2max. Random and systematic errors between the measured and estimated VO2max were evaluated using Bland-Altman plots. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to test differences between changes over time.
Results
There was no significant change in mean measured VO2max between baseline and follow-up (p = 0.91), however large individual variations were noted (-0.78 to 0.61 L/min). The correlation between individual change in measured and estimated VO2max was r = 0.75 (p < 0.05), and the unstandardised B-coefficient from linear regression modelling was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.61 to 1.15), i.e., for each litre of change in estimated VO2max, the measured value had changed 0.88 L. The correlation between baseline and follow-up errors (the difference between estimated-measured VO2max at each occasion) was r = 0.84 (p < 0.05). With regard to the testing procedure, repeated measures ANOVA revealed that there was no significant difference between the group who exercised at the same work rates at baseline and follow-up (n = 25), and those who required a change in work rate (n = 10).
Conclusion
The EB test detected a change in VO2max with reasonably good precision over a time span of 5–8 years. Further studies are needed to evaluate if the test can be used in clinical populations and in subjects with different medications.
Non-linear Model-based Control of Neural Cell Dynamics
Authors: Tomastik Ryan , Dutta Abhishek 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to discuss the control of a neuron’s firing. It is desired to control the neuron by injecting a current, whichallows the voltage of the neuron membrane to reach what is called the threshold voltage. When a neuron reaches this voltage,the potassium and sodium ion gates open allowing for the neuron to fire an action potential, observed as a voltage spike.Controlling this effect is helpful for those with certain diseases or disabilities. Four types of controllers are designed andsimulated on both the nonlinear system of the neuron and its linearized form, and all are found to meet specifications.
DNMT1-Induced miR-378a-3p Silencing Promotes Angiogenesis via NF-κB Signaling Pathway by Targeting TRAF1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Bin , Chen Jun-Jie , Feng Ying , Yang Jun-Ling , Huang Hua , WY Chung , Hu Yi-Lin , Xue Wan-Jiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Angiogenesis plays an important role in the occurrence, development and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). miR-378a-3p participates in tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis according to previous studies, yet the exact role it plays in HCC angiogenesis remains poorly understood.Methods: qRT-PCR was used to investigate the expression of miR-378a-3p in HCC tissues and cell lines. The effects of miR-378a-3p on HCC in vitro and in vivo were examined by CCK-8, transwell assay, tube formation and matrigel plug assay. RNA sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay, immunofluorescence assay and ChIP assay were used to detected the molecular mechanism of miR-378a-3p-induced inhibition of angiogenesis. Results: We confirmed that the expression of miR-378a-3p was significantly downregulated and was associated with microvascular density (MVD) in HCC, which indicated a short survival time of HCC patients, and reducing miR-378a-3p expression led to a significant increase in angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. miR-378a-3p directly targeted TNF receptor associated factor 1 (TRAF1) to attenuate NF-κB signaling, and then decreases secreted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) mediated hypermethylation of miR-378a-3p was responsible for downregulating of miR-378a-3p. Moreover, a series of investigation indicated that p65 initiated a positive feedback loop, which could up-regulate DNMT1 to promote hypermethylation of the miR-133a-3p promoter.Conclusion: Our study indicates that a novel DNMT1/miR-378a-3p/TRAF1/ NF-κB positive feedback loop in HCC cells, which may become a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
Awareness of basic life support among medical students in Syria, Iraq and Jordan: a cross sectional study
Authors: Shashaa Mohammad Nour , Alkarrash Mohamad Shadi , Kitaz Mohammad Nour , Rhayim Roaa , Ismail Mohammed , Kaadan M. Ihsan , Koumakli Hamzeh , Alhisah Nour , Al-Haider Ahmed , Al-salloum Samer 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Sudden cardiac arrest is one of the most leading causes for death in all over the world. Basic life support (BLS) training rates vary worldwide, there is a general scarce in the number of Surveys which evaluate knowledge, and awareness about BLS in Middle Eastern countries students especially Jordan, Syria and Iraq. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the awareness of basic life support among medical students.Methods: A Cross sectional web based questionnaire study was conducted in November 2020. The study included 2114 medical students in Syria, Iraq and Jordan. We evaluated BLS skills according to total mean score of correct answers. The participants were classified according to gender, residence, country, University, academic degree, and academic stage to study their effect on the participants’ BLS knowledge. A chi-squared test was used to determine if there were differences between those who attended a basic life support course and those who did not.Results: 1656 of the participants (78.3%) stated that they did not attend a basic life support course. There was a significant difference between the participants from different countries where the mean score in Syria, Jordan and Iraq was 18.3, 24.3 and 18.8 respectively (p < 0.05). The participants were divided into 3 level according to total score; low (0-12), moderate (13-24) and high (25-37). In total, 18.3%, 72.8% and 8.9% of participants had high, intermediate and low level respectively.Conclusion: The overall knowledge of basic life support among medical students is not adequate and need significant improvements. This study showed that an attendance a basic life support course previously had an effect on knowledge level. Hence, there is an urgent need to apply basic life support courses into the pre-clinical stage at universities.
Highly Reliable Memory Operation of High Density Three-Terminal Thyristor Random Access Memory
Authors: Kim Hyangwoo , Cho Hyeonsu , Kwak Hyeon-Tak , Seo Myunghae , Lee Seungho , Kong Byoung Don , Baek Chang-Ki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Three-terminal (3-T) thyristor random-access memory is explored for a next generation high-density nanoscale vertical cross-point array. The effects of standby voltages on the device are thoroughly investigated in terms of gate-cathode voltage (VGC,ST) and anode- cathode voltage (VAC,ST) in the standby state for superior data retention characteristics and low-power operation. The device with the optimized VGC,ST of -0.4 V and VAC,ST of 0.55 V shows the continuous data retention capability without refresh operation with a low standby current of 0.13 pA. In addition, a memory array operation scheme of 3-T TRAM is proposed to address array disturbance issues. The presented array operation scheme can efficiently minimize program, erase and read disturbances on the adjacent unselected cells by adjusting gate-cathode voltage. The standby voltage turns out to be beneficial to improve retention characteristics: over 10 s. With the proposed memory array operation, 3-T TRAM can provide excellent data retention characteristics and high-density memory configurations comparable with or surpass conventional dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) technology.
Assessment Of Water Foot Print For Sustainable Use Of Water In University Of Gujrat, Pakistan
Authors: Maalik Umeed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Water Footprint Assessment is used as a method to evaluate water consumption pressure at present and its possible future demands. It is a measure of direct and indirect water use by an individual, an activity or a process. For humans its measure changes with changing life ages, stages and styles. For activities its measure varies with materials, products and processes. At campus level most of the life forms and majority of life activities are together available. Specifically in UOG people from different cultural backgrounds are present at the same site. Academic, research, lab, library, stationery, cafeteria and transport services are actively working in the campus. A social survey was conducted at campus. Person to person water consumption is directed through questionnaire and structured interviews and for products & services data is gathered through data sheets. A statistical analysis is conducted to find individual measures of water consumption per day, per month and per year in the campus. Guidelines for sustainable water use are developed by considering the consumption patterns and life styles analyzed by data from different societies in the campus. This is how without compromising our present water demands we can make it possible to meet our future needs and needs of deprived ones as well. This is simply possible by changing our ways of consumption and a slight shift of balance in our eating, seeming and treating habits.
Prospects of use of vegetable raw materials in the technology of sour-milk dessert
Authors: Kuzmyk Uliana , Marynin Andrii , Svyatnenko Roman , Zheludenko Yulia , Kurmach Mykhailo , Shvaiko Roman 
Published: June 2021

Prospects for the use of vegetable raw materials in the technology of sour-milk desserts have been substantiated. According to the results of organoleptic and physicochemical parameters, a rational ratio of recipe components in the product has been established.
The results of the organoleptic evaluation show that the introduction of sublimated fruits in an amount of less than 5 % does not give a pronounced taste and smell. And the introduction of dry whey protein concentrate in an amount of more than 6 % contributes to a heterogeneous consistency with the presence of lumps.
It has been investigated, that with increasing the amount of sublimated fruits in the sour-milk dessert, the active acidity slowly decreased in the range of 4.8…5.4 pH units. Due to which the process of fermentation of the mixture is slow. The moisture holding index increased with the addition of sublimated fruits by an average of 4 %. The presence of a dry whey protein concentrate gives the products a delicate plastic consistency due to the high dispersion of whey protein micelles and the peculiarities of gelation.
Therefore, it is recommended to add sublimated fruits to the sour-milk dessert not more than 7 %, dry whey protein concentrate not more than 6 %.
The nutritional value of the sour-milk dessert in accordance with the most important components according to the daily requirement has been studied. The consumption of sour-milk dessert will ensure the content of easily digestible biologically complete milk protein within 5–8 g/100 g. The combination of the sour-milk base with raw fruits will provide potassium content by 166–267 g/100 g, magnesium content by 16–24 g/100 g, calcium by 135–180 g/100 g, sodium by 53–70 g/100 g
Research of the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and iodine in chocolate using non-traditional raw materials
Authors: Biletska Yana , Bilovska Olha , Krivtsova Anna , Нuzhva Irуna , Nekos Alla 
Published: June 2021

A study to determine the total content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and mass fraction of iodine in chocolate using non-traditional raw materials has been conducted. The object of the study was chocolate products, containing stevioside, erythrol, germinated soy flour, enriched with iodine.
Carrying out this set of studies is important because it will determine the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and iodine in the developed chocolate. Based on the obtained patterns, it is possible to determine the percentage of satisfaction of the recommended daily requirement and to set the recommended amount of consumption of the developed product per day.
As a result of research, it has been found, that the total content of phenolic compounds in the control type of chocolate per 198 mg of GA / 100 g of the initial raw material is less compared to the sample of chocolate, where non-traditional raw materials were used. The results of the study correlate with the results of determining the total content of flavonoids. The developed types of chocolate exceed control samples by 229 mg of C / 100 g of the initial raw material. That satisfies 88.6% of the recommended daily amount. It has been found, that the developed type of chocolate is a carrier of iodine in the amount of 63 μg / 100 g. In the control sample of chocolate there were found only traces of mass fraction of iodine. It has been determined, that the use of germinated soy flour, enriched with iodine in the amount of 10%, due to the reduction of cocoa mass satisfies 42% of the recommended daily amount of iodine for a woman aged 30… 40 years of average labor intensity.
The obtained results are useful and important because they will allow to develop recommendations for the consumption of chocolate using non-traditional raw materials. What will affect the solution of an important social problem - maintaining high efficiency, confrontation with environmental factors under the pandemic due to the influx of test substances
Research of chemical composition of vegetable raw materials for use in innovative technologies of beverages for child nutrition
Authors: Sobko Anna , Svidlo Karуna , Horobets Victoria 
Published: June 2021

The relevance of the study is due to the establishment of scientific data on the inferiority of child nutrition and the possibility of improving the diet through innovative technologies of beverages based on vegetable raw materials.
The data on the substantiation of the choice of vegetable raw materials for the production of child smoothies are given.
Their expediency, nutritional and energy value are characterized. Data on the chemical composition of the created beverages are given, which confirm the effectiveness of used raw materials.
Functional foods should meet 10‑50 % of daily needs. When creating functional compositions, a key place is occupied by a set of predicted functional and technological characteristics and properties, compatibility and specificity of interaction with other components of recipe mixtures and finished products. Just this complex determines the feasibility of using functional compositions for culinary products.
Functional products are created on the principle of food combinatorics by reasonable quantitative selection of basic raw materials, ingredients, food supplements, the combination of which provides the formation of the desired organoleptic and physicochemical properties, as well as a given level of nutritional, biological and energy value.
The aim of the study: to establish the chemical composition of vegetable raw materials and the development of innovative technologies for child food beverages based on functional compositions, recipe mixtures and finished products