bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron deposition and ferritin accretion in the ovaries of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (948.9)
Authors: Thai Theresa , Geiser Dawn , Winzerling Joy 
Published: June 2021

Malaria and yellow fever are transmitted from mosquitoes to humans through a mosquito bite. Mosquitoes require the essential nutrients from a blood meal, including iron, for oogenesis. Very little research has been conducted to elucidate the effect of iron on mosquito fecundity. Understanding the mechanism of iron deposition in the ovary is important to finding potential strategies to interfere with mosquito fecundity, decrease mosquito populations, and reduce transmission rates of vector‐borne diseases. To this end, Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) ovaries were dissected from non‐blood fed, 24 h post‐blood meal (PBM), and 72 h PBM animals to measure tissue iron accumulation after a blood meal by iron inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Dissected ovaries were also stained with Prussian Blue to visualize ferric iron deposition. Our results indicate that iron is present in the ovary prior to a blood meal and accumulates over time PBM, and the deposition of ferric iron is observed in different areas of the tissue before and after a blood meal. Immunohistochemistry imaging of the ovaries shows three different subunits of the iron storage and transport protein, ferritin, are present and differentially localized in the tissue. Coalescence of ferritin and iron in mosquito ovaries may suggest that the role of ferritin in this tissue is for the deposition of iron in oogenesis and ovarian homeostasis.Grant Funding Source: Supported by funds from the Arizona Ag Experiment Station, CALS, UBRP and the Honors College
Can bisphenol‐A migrating from canned food contribute to the obesity epidemic? (959.10)
Authors: Gaissert Catherine , Subramany Kevin , Sampoli Benitez Benedetta 
Published: June 2021

The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically in the last two decades. Several studies suggest a link between Bisphenol‐A (BPA) exposure and obesity. Although BPA is banned now in baby bottles, in recent years there has been increasing public awareness and concern about the possible BPA migration into canned foods. This is due largely to the fact that BPA is used as a material for the production of epoxy resins. These resins are used in many professional industries, such as automotive and aviation, but in also the food industry for coating the metal can surfaces which are in contact with food and beverages. Because canned foods are sterilized in the production process, the possibility of BPA migration from the can is high. Indeed, several recent studies that focused on Mexican, Canadian and Belgian markets have shown high amount of BPA leaching from in canned food and coffee products. This study looks at the amount of BPA leaching into canned food products available in the American market. In particular, we examined canned tuna, tomato sauce, and ready‐to‐eat soups and baby formula. The method we use to test these products is based on an indirect enzyme‐linked immounosorbent assay (ELISA), which is highly specific to BPA and allows us to test this chemical directly on the samples without the need of complicated extraction. Preliminary analysis of results and discussion of the proper controls for this study will be presented.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Rose M. Badgeley Charitable Trust
The impact of fish‐oil fatty acids on postprandial vascular reactivity (959.22)
Authors: McManus Sean , Vauzour David , Cassidy Aedin , Minihane Anne Marie 
Published: June 2021

Vascular dysfunction is a significant cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. High fat meals tend to incur a postprandial loss of vascular reactivity, with our previous work showing that the inclusion of fish oil, providing the long chain n‐3 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in part ameliorated the response. In this randomised placebo controlled crossover study (n=25), the individual impact of EPA versus DHA (4.2g) on postprandial vascular reactivity in males aged 35‐55 years old at 1.5 relative risk of CVD was assessed, along with underlying physiological mechanisms.Both EPA and DHA improved the postprandial vascular augmentation index by 16.7% and 15.8% respectively, with the effect for DHA but not for EPA reaching significance. In addition to the vascular measures, a range of biochemical markers of vascular function and lipidomic analyses will be presented. The trial advances currently understanding of the individual vascular benefits of EPA vs. DHA and the relative impact of these fatty acids on overall cardiovascular health.
The prevalence of micronutrient deficiency among women (959.3)
Authors: Abduldayeva Aigul , Smagulova Indira , Doszhanova Gulnur 
Published: June 2021

Goal ‐ is based on the studying the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies amongchildren and women of reproductive age to develop evidence‐based recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of programs to prevent micronutrient deficiency.Subject: In our study we used a representative, random sample, carried out with the cluster method in the precinct of the principle areas of medical care for children 5 years of old. If the site has at least 60 children under 5 years of old, each second child was sampled, and if more than 60 children ‐ each third child (first child selected by random sampling). The total number of investigated persons was within 80‐86 women of reproductive age and children ‐ within 80‐92 people.Results: The studies found that the average prevalence of anemia among children aged 6‐59 months was 35.2%, with the most susceptible to iron deficiency anemia in infants aged 6‐23 months (53.3%). The prevalence of anemia among non‐pregnant women was 39.0% among pregnant women ‐ 43.8%.In children, the prevalence of folate deficiency was the highest (27.6%). Among non‐pregnant women frequent prevalence of folic acid deficiency was 37.0%.The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was higher among children living in Astana (37.4%) compared with the medium‐republican level (23.2%).
Effect of fasting on the neuronal Fto expression and intracellular localization in the rat brain (959.6)
Authors: Vujovic Predrag , Stamenkovic Stefan , Jasnic Nebojsa , Lakic Iva , Djordjevic Jelena 
Published: June 2021

Fat mass and obesity associated protein (Fto) is a nucleic acid demethylase which exhibits preference for thymine and uracil. This suggests that methylated single‐stranded RNA, rather than DNA, may be the primary Fto substrate. Fto is expressed in myriad of tissues, but the expression is especially high in the hypothalamic regions regulating energy homeostasis.Since Fto expression is bidirectionally regulated, as a function of nutritional status, our aim was to examine the effect of 48 h fasting on the Fto expression in various brain regions.qPCR and Western blot were used to assess the Fto mRNA and protein expression respectively. Immunofluorescence was employed to address Fto intracellular localisation.Fasting upregulated overall hypothalamic Fto mRNA and protein expression. More importantly, it was documented for the first time that majority of the enzyme was localized outside cell nuclei in some neurons of paraventricular, ventromedial nucleus and lateral hypothalamic area. Change in the Fto intracellular localization was not observed in neurons of arcuate nucleus, cortex and hippocampus.Although fasting increased hypothalamic Fto content, it did not universally affect Fto expression and intracellular localization in this brain region.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development Grant No 17302
Sphingosine 1‐phosphate signaling in vascular and immune systems (96.2)
Authors: Hla Timothy 
Published: June 2021

Sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) is a simple lysophospholipid produced from the metabolism of sphingomyelin. Although originally thought as an intracellular second messenger, work over the past two decades has shown that S1P acts primarily as an extracellular lipid mediator. In addition, due to its central position in sphingolipid metabolism, it plays an important role in intracellular lipid homeostasis. Vertebrates evolved to use S1P as an extracellular mediator since their genomes contain S1P transporters and receptors. The first S1P receptor was cloned as an orphan G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) from vascular endothelial cells in 1990 and de‐orphaned in 1998. We now know that five distinct GPCRs (S1P1‐5) that are widely expressed mediate most of the actions of this lysophospholipid mediator. Some of the well‐studied actions of S1P include its essential roles in vascular development and immune cell trafficking. Inhibition of GPCR‐dependent S1P signaling results in therapeutic efficacy in the autoimmune disease of remitting, relapsing multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Indeed, the first S1P receptor inhibitory drug, Fingolimod, is now approved as an oral medication to treat RRMS in over 40 countries. This recent development has caused a flurry of activity to develop novel S1P receptor‐based therapeutics .This talk will discuss cellular sources of plasma S1P, biological roles of HDL‐bound Apolipoprotein M, the major plasma S1P chaperone and the role of S1P receptor‐1 in vascular and immune homeostasis and ontogeny.Better understanding of fundamental principles involved in S1P signaling is anticipated to help in the development of novel therapeutic approaches to control many human diseases.
Antioxidant and antiradical activity of essential oils of Kazakhstan plants (972.1)
Authors: Kazbekova A.T. , Moldabekov K.Zh. , Seitembetov T.S. , Zeinuldina A.S. , Dalenov E. 
Published: June 2021

One of the current interests in the finding of potentially active natural substances is the matter of methodology for evaluation of biological activity. In modern medicine plant extracts are widely used, particularly those showing antioxidant and antiradical effects. Therefore determination of antiradical activity of individual compounds isolated from plants, the same as aggregated extracts. That can be investigated further with possible correlations between these parameters.The main purpose of the work was the in vitro study of antioxidant and antiradical activity of essential oils of Lophanthus schrenkii, Achillea cartilaginea and luteolin glycoside (Y.Suleimen, Eurasian National University, Kazakhstan).Comparative in vitro study of the antioxidant and antiradical activity of essential oils of Lophanthus schrenkii, Achillea cartilaginea and luteolin glycoside using the method of inhibition of DPPH by standard substance butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). It has high antiradical activity and can be compared with investigating sample. We have determined high antiradical activity of BHA, which is higher than the activity of luteolin glycoside, essential oils of Lophanthus schrenkii and Achillea cartilaginea, i.e. the antiradiacla activity of investigated samples can be arranges in the next order BHA luteolin glycoside Achillea cartilaginea Lophanthus schrenkii.
Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis‐idaea) anthocyanins protect cardiomyoblasts against ischemia‐reperfusion injury (973.1)
Authors: Isaak Cara , O Karmin , Siow Yaw L 
Published: June 2021

Lingonberry contains more antioxidants and anthocyanins than most berries and consumption of these phytochemicals has been shown epidemiologically to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease. Since the mechanisms of protection against cellular injury require elucidation, this study examined the effects of complete lingonberry, anthocyanin‐enriched, and phenolic‐enriched extracts on apoptosis in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts during simulated ischemia‐reperfusion (IR). This model induced a 20‐fold increase in nuclei condensation and JNK phosphorylation and a 2‐fold increase in caspase‐3 activation. Despite having low antioxidant capacity, the anthocyanin‐enriched extract and pure anthocyanins protected cells against apoptosis by significantly inhibiting IR‐induced nuclei condensation, caspase‐3 activation, and JNK phosphorylation to the same degree as the complete extract. These results indicate that anthocyanins may exert anti‐apoptotic effects via mechanisms unrelated to their antioxidant capacity. This research highlights the effects of dietary anthocyanins on cell signaling in IR injury and bolsters the body of evidence for the health benefits of anthocyanin‐rich foods. (AAFC Project ID 1129)Grant Funding Source: Supported by AAFC
Cardiac glycosides with selectivity for the α2 isoform of NaK‐ ATPase (974.1)
Authors: Katz Adriana , Tal Daniel , Karlish Steven 
Published: June 2021

Cardiac glycosides (CG) are specific inhibitors of Na,K‐ATPase. Na,K‐ATPase consists of, α and β subunits and an FXYD regulatory protein. There are four isoforms of α and three isoforms of β, which are expressed in a tissue‐specific fashion. α1 is the general purpose isoform, α2 is expressed in heart, and plays a key role in cardiac contraction and thought to be an important target of CG’s. Inhibitors of α2 could induce cardiac contraction (positive inotropy) with minimal toxic (arhythmogenic) effects. α2 is also expressed in the eye, in non‐pigmented cells of the ciliary epithelium, and is the motor for production of aqueous humour. The aim of this project was to develop CG’s with selectivity for human α2 isoforms of NaK‐ATPase that could effectively control raised intra‐ocular pressure (IOP), and induce cardiac contraction with minimal toxic effects.We combined techniques from organic synthesis, biochemistry‐protein expression, purification, binding assays and ATPase inhibition measurements. We used recombinant purified human α1β1, α2β1 isoforms to screen a large No.of known CG’s, and found that the sugar moiety determines isoform selectivity. Based on these finding we synthesized a series of perhydro‐1,4‐oxazepine derivatives of digoxin, modified in the third digitoxose moiety. Several derivatives show improved α2/α1 selectivity, close to 8‐fold. The ability of these derivatives to prevent an acute pharmacologically‐induced increase in IOP in rabbit eyes has been studied. Two α2‐selective derivatives efficiently prevent the ocular hypertension, by comparison with known CG's. These selective inhibitors of α2 isoform can turn into safer treatment of heart failure and high ocular pressure, the main risk factor in glaucoma.
Reversal of multidrug resistance by novel inhibitors of human P‐glycoprotein in cell culture (974.2)
Authors: Follit Courtney , Brewer Fran , Vogel Pia , Wise John 
Published: June 2021

Multidrug resistance (MDR) and chemotherapy failure are often due to overexpression of members of the ABC‐transporter superfamily of proteins like MDR1 P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp). These membrane transporters protect cells from the accumulation of harmful toxins by using ATP hydrolysis to move a broad range of compounds across the plasma membrane. In MDR, however, the administration of chemotherapeutics selects for cancerous cells which overexpress P‐gp thereby creating a population of cancer cells resistant to many types of chemotherapeutics. Using targeted molecular dynamic simulations and massively parallel drug docking studies, we have identified several novel compounds that inhibit transport by P‐gp by targeting the ATP binding domains. Biochemical and biophysical studies have shown that these inhibitors do indeed bind to the nucleotide binding domains of P‐gp and inhibit ATP hydrolysis. In the studies reported here, we have been able to re‐sensitize MDR prostate and ovarian cancer cell lines in culture to multiple chemotherapeutics when treated with the novel compounds. The compounds reverse the MDR phenotype to sensitivities similar to the original, non‐MDR parental cell lines. Limited toxicity was observed when non‐cancerous cells were treated with the P‐gp inhibitors alone. The results suggest that these novel P‐gp inhibitors may serve as good drug leads for treating MDR and chemotherapy failure.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH/NIGMS 1R15GM094771 ‐ 01A1 to PDV and JGW and the Communities Foundation of Texas
Inhibition of energy transduction in P‐glycoprotein (974.3)
Authors: Brewer Fran , Follit Courtney , Rossi Isolina , Wheelis Christopher , Wise John , Vogel Pia 
Published: June 2021

Cancer chemotherapy failures often involve the over‐expression of ABC‐transporters like the MDR1 P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp). These transporters normally protect the cell by pumping toxins and xenobiotics across the plasma membrane. Selection for cells over‐expressing P‐gp during chemotherapy, however, results in populations that are drug resistant. Recently, we used massively parallel in silico drug docking to identify molecules predicted to interact with higher affinity at the energy transducing structures of P‐gp than at the drug transporting structures. In vitro assays verified that the compounds inhibited verapamil‐stimulated ATP hydrolysis and only marginally stimulated basal ATP hydrolysis activities. This indicates that these compounds do not interact with drug binding domains. The effects of the identified compounds on ATP binding was then studied using spin‐labeled ATP analogs and ESR spectroscopy. Results showed that some of the identified compounds decreased ATP binding stoichiometry to P‐gp while others decreased ATP binding affinities. These studies further showed that inhibition by the compounds was reversible. The investigations suggest that the discovered P‐gp inhibitors may make good drug leads. Experiments using ESR spectroscopy and site‐specific spin‐labeling of the drug binding domain are currently underway that may shed further light on the molecular mechanism of inhibition.Grant Funding Source: NIGMS1R15GM094771 ‐ 01A1, Communities Foundations of Texas
Regulation of ecto‐NTPDase I gene expression in Trypanosoma cruzi (974.7)
Authors: Gomes Natalia , Vidal Vitor , Moreira Otacilio 
Published: June 2021

The ecto‐NTPDase I is an apyrase located on the outer surface of Trypanosoma cruzi plasma membrane, and previous data suggest that it possess a role to the infectivity and virulence of the parasite. In this study, we evaluate the mRNA levels for the Ecto‐NTPDase I by RT‐qPCR in distinct T. cruzi strains/clones and distinct evolutive forms. The Real Time PCR assays were performed with primers designed to amplify a 111bp sequence in the ecto‐NTPDase I T. cruzi gene and, as endogenous controls, a 268bp sequence in the calmodulin T. cruzi gene and a 100bp sequence in the GAPDH T.cruzi gene were used. We observed that the strains/ clones Cl‐Brener, Dm28c, 4167, LL014, 3663 and Y presented mRNA expression levels, respectively, 8,21±1,62; 7,17±1,51; 1,26±0,18; 1,20±0; 1,06±0,04; 0,94±0,08, times higher than the CL‐14 strain. Surprisingly, we observed that the epimastigote and amastigote presented expression levels, respectively, 14,35±2,04 and 10,23±1,16 times higher than the trypomastigote form. Moreover, following the parasite growth curve, we also observed that the expression of ecto‐NTPDase I raises in a time‐dependent manner, which could be related to a parasite response to a purine starvation in the cultivation medium. So far, our results suggest that the ecto‐NTPDase I expression is regulated at mRNA level, which is distinct between T. cruzi strains and evolutive forms.Grant Funding Source: Supported by CNPq and FAPERJ
All‐ambient processing of human blood samples: complete RNA and DNA stabilization with an automated workflow (981.10)
Authors: Liberal Vasco , Muller‐Cohn Judy , Muller Rolf , Whitney Scott 
Published: June 2021

Gene expression profiles from blood samples are increasingly used to diagnose and monitor disease, requiring reliable preservation of RNA during sample collection and shipment. The highly dynamic transcription profiles can change rapidly after blood collection, potentially affecting interpretation of gene expression and ultimately dictate inadequate treatment. Biomatrica has developed a collection device for whole blood, which completely stabilizes the RNA in blood cells and, coupled with a robust RNA purification kit, provides a complete solution for all‐ambient blood sample processing. RNA isolation can be performed with multiple automated platforms, allowing an easy workflow and excellent results for low to high throughput sample processing.For multiple studies, both DNA and RNA profiles from blood samples are needed, complicating logistics especially when large sample sets are required. Isolation of RNA and DNA from the same sample is ideal, since the use of separate samples could introduce operation errors as well as variation of the results. In order to accommodate the need for RNA and DNA isolations from the same blood sample stabilized in RNAgard Blood Tubes, we have developed an automated workflow for sequencial RNA and DNA purification, allowing for purification of both pathogen and host nucleic acids from the same stabilized blood sample.Biomatrica’s ambient nucleic acid preservation technology, coupled with automated purification, can serve as the front end for research and molecular diagnostics, delivering accurate gene expression patterns and prove of extreme value for improved biomedical research and better patient treatment.
Metabolomic analysis of maternal energy metabolism (982.3)
Authors: Rajaee Arezoo , Murphy Aisling , Koos Brian 
Published: June 2021

Objective Maternal O2 consumption progressively increases by about 20% over the course of gestation. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the rise in maternal O2 consumption is reflected in quantitative perturbations of metabolites in critical pathways involved in maternal energy homeostasis.Study Design Random maternal urine samples were obtained longitudinally from 16 normal gravidas with singleton pregnancies at 1) 6‐14 weeks' gestation, 24‐30 weeks' gestation, and 3) 6 weeks postpartum. The samples were analyzed on GC/MS and LC/MS/MS plateforms by Metabolon for 441 low‐molecular weight metabolites. The reported metabolites are those involved in glycolysis (glucose, lactate) and TCA cycle (alpha‐ketoglutarate, fumarate, malate, 3‐hydroxybutyrate). Concentrations were normalized to creatinine and expressed as scaled intensity. The log transformed data was analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures to identify biochemicals that differed significantly between experimental groups. Data are expressed as fold‐changes between compared groups. Differences were significant at p<0.05.Results Compared to postpartum (PP) values, urinary excretion of glucose and lactate was increased significantly by 26 ± 1.7 (SD) weeks' gestation (late pregnancy, LP) but not at 9 ± 2.3 weeks (early pregnancy, EP), as shown in Table 1. Malate, fumarate, 3‐hydroxybutyrate, and alpha‐ketoglutarate excretion also increased substantially with gestational age.Conclusion The results are consistent with a substantial increase in maternal metabolic fluxes related to glycolysis and the TCA cycle.BHBA, 3‐hydroxybutyrate. *p蠄0.05
Table 1. Fold‐changes for urinary metabolite ratios between groups.

Ratios
Glucose
Lactate
Fumarate
Malate
BHBA
Î±‐ketoglutarate

PP:EP
0.71
0.59
0.98
0.67*
0.81
1.71

PP:LP
0.05*
0.13*
0.49*
0.21*
0.26*
0.23*

LP:EP
14.13*
4.69*
2*
3.13*
3.16*
7.53*