bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embedding similarities between embryos and circulating tumor cells: fundamentals of abortifacients used for cancer metastasis chemoprevention
Authors: Wang Jie , Yu Xiaobo , Peng Huayi , Lu Yusheng , Li Shuhui , Shi Qing , Liu Jian , Dong Haiyan , Katanaev Vladimir , Jia Lee 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The global epidemiological studies reported lower cancer risk after long-term use of contraceptives. Our systematic studies demonstrated that abortifacients are effective in preventing cancer metastases induced by circulating tumor cells (CTCs). However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which abortifacients prevent CTC-based cancer metastases are almost unknown. The present studies were designed to interdisciplinarily explore similarities and differences between embryo implantation and cancer cell adhesion/invasion.

Methods
Biomarker expressions on the seeding embryo JEG-3 and cancer MCF-7 cells, as well as embedding uterine endometrial RL95-2 and vascular endothelial HUVECs cells were examined and compared before and after treatments with 17β-estradiol plus progesterone and abortifacients. Effects of oral metapristone and mifepristone on embryo implantation in normal female mice and adhesion/invasion of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in BALB/C female mice were examined.

Results
Both embryo JEG-3 and cancer MCF-7 cells expressed high sLex, CD47, CAMs, while both endometrial RL95-2 and endothelial HUVECs exhibited high integrins and ICAM-1. Near physiological concentrations of 17β-estradiol plus progesterone promoted migration and invasion of JEG-3 and MCF-7 cells via upregulating integrins and MMPs. Whereas, mifepristone and metapristone significantly inhibited migration and invasion of JEG-3 and MCF-7 cells, and inhibited JEG-3 and MCF-7 adhesion to matrigel, RL95-2 cells and HUVECs, respectively. The inhibitions were realized by downregulating sLex, MMPs in JEG-3 and MCF-7 cells, and downregulating integrins in RL95-2 cells and HUVECs, respectively. Mifepristone and metapristone significantly inhibited both embryo implantation and cancer cell metastasis in mice.

Conclusions
The similarities between the two systems provide fundamentals for abortifacients to intervene CTC adhesion/invasion to the distant metastatic organs. The present studies offer the rationale to repurpose abortifacients for safe and effective cancer metastasis chemoprevention.
Molecular characterization and immune protection of the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene in Echinococcus granulosus
Authors: Xian Jinwen , Wang Ning , Zhao Pengpeng , Zhang Yanyan , Meng Jimeng , Ma Xun , Guo Xiaola , Wang Zhengrong , Bo Xinwen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a serious parasitic zoonosis caused by the larvae of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. The development of an effective vaccine is one of the most promising strategies for controlling CE.

Methods
The E. granulosus 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EgHCDH) gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The distribution of EgHCDH in protoscoleces (PSCs) and adult worms was analyzed using immunofluorescence. The transcript levels of EgHCDH in PSCs and adult worms were analyzed using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). The immune protective effects of the rEgHCDH were evaluated.

Results
The 924-bp open reading frame sequence of EgHCDH, which encodes a protein of approximately 34 kDa, was obtained. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that EgHCDH was expressed in both the PSCs and adult worms of E. granulosus. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that EgHCDH was mainly localized in the tegument of PSCs and adult worms. Western blot analysis showed that the recombinant protein was recognized by E. granulosus-infected dog sera. Animal challenge experiments demonstrated that dogs immunized with recombinant (r)EgHCDH had significantly higher serum IgG, interferon gamma and interleukin-4 concentrations than the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control group. The rEgHCDH vaccine was able to significantly reduce the number of E. granulosus and inhibit the segmental development of E. granulosus compared to the PBS control group.

Conclusions
The results suggest that rEgHCDH can induce partial immune protection against infection with E. granulosus and could be an effective candidate for the development of new vaccines.

Graphical abstract
A weak solution for a $(p(x),q(x))$-Laplacian elliptic problem with a singular term
Authors: Mahshid MirKeysaan , Razani Abdolrahman 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHere, we consider the following elliptic problem with variable components: $$ -a(x)\Delta _{p(x)}u - b(x) \Delta _{q(x)}u+ \frac{u \vert u \vert ^{s-2}}{|x|^{s}}= \lambda f(x,u), $$
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with Dirichlet boundary condition in a bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$

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with a smooth boundary. By applying the variational method, we prove the existence of at least one nontrivial weak solution to the problem.
Numerical solutions of fractional optimal control with Caputo–Katugampola derivative
Authors: Sweilam N. H. , Nagy A. M. , Al-Ajami T. M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present a numerical technique for solving fractional optimal control problems with a fractional derivative called Caputo–Katugampola derivative. This derivative is a generalization of the Caputo fractional derivative. The proposed technique is based on a spectral method using shifted Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind. The Clenshaw and Curtis scheme for the numerical integration and the Rayleigh–Ritz method are used to estimate the state and control variables. Moreover, the error bound of the fractional derivative operator approximation of Caputo–Katugampola is derived. Illustrative examples are provided to show the validity and applicability of the presented technique.
Targeting MYC-enhanced glycolysis for the treatment of small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cargill Kasey R. , Stewart C. Allison , Park Elizabeth M. , Ramkumar Kavya , Gay Carl M. , Cardnell Robert J. , Wang Qi , Diao Lixia , Shen Li , Fan You-Hong , Chan Wai Kin , Lorenzi Philip L. , Oliver Trudy G. , Wang Jing , Byers Lauren A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The transcription factor MYC is overexpressed in 30% of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumors and is known to modulate the balance between two major pathways of metabolism: glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. This duality of MYC underscores the importance of further investigation into its role in SCLC metabolism and could lead to insights into metabolic targeting approaches.

Methods
We investigated differences in metabolic pathways in transcriptional and metabolomics datasets based on cMYC expression in patient and cell line samples. Metabolic pathway utilization was evaluated by flow cytometry and Seahorse extracellular flux methodology. Glycolysis inhibition was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using PFK158, a small molecular inhibitor of PFKFB3.

Results
MYC-overexpressing SCLC patient samples and cell lines exhibited increased glycolysis gene expression directly mediated by MYC. Further, MYC-overexpressing cell lines displayed enhanced glycolysis consistent with the Warburg effect, while cell lines with low MYC expression appeared more reliant on oxidative metabolism. Inhibition of glycolysis with PFK158 preferentially attenuated glucose uptake, ATP production, and lactate in MYC-overexpressing cell lines. Treatment with PFK158 in xenografts delayed tumor growth and decreased glycolysis gene expression.

Conclusions
Our study highlights an in-depth characterization of SCLC metabolic programming and presents glycolysis as a targetable mechanism downstream of MYC that could offer therapeutic benefit in a subset of SCLC patients.
Polychrome arhat figures dated from the Song Dynasty (960–1279 CE) at the Lingyan Temple, Changqing, Shandong, China
Authors: Tong Yongdong , Cai Youzhen , Wang Xuening , Li Zhimin , Nevin Austin , Ma Qinglin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Scientific analysis revealed the materials and techniques used in the process of making polychrome sculptures providing a solid foundation for the protection and restoration of the painted statues. In addition, the analyses revealed changes in colour schemes applied to the sculptures can provide the basis for the virtual restoration of the painted statues. In order to carry out scientifically-informed protection and restoration of the Bodhidharma statue from the Lingyan Temple, Changqinq, Shandong, several analytical methods such as optical microscope (OM), Micro-Raman spectroscopy (μ-RS), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed. Analyses clearly reveal the information including the stratigraphic structure and the composition of pigment. The use of silver foils and golden yellow pyrophyllite mineral to replace gold foils were found in the gilding paint layer in the later repainting after the Song Dynasty. This work reports the coexistence of emerald green (Cu(C2H3O2)2·3Cu(AsO2)2) and the degradation product lavendulan (NaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl·5H2O) in large areas of the paint stratigraphy and on the surface confirming that the degradation of emerald green is related to the thickness of the paint layer; in thinner paint layers emerald green is transformed in lavendulan, while thicker layers of contain both lavendulan and emerald green, suggesting an environmental source of chlorides.
Palliative care referral criteria and outcomes in cancer and heart failure: a systematic review of literature
Authors: Fadol Anecita P. , Patel Ashley , Shelton Valerie , Krause Kate J. , Bruera Eduardo , Palaskas Nicolas L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Cardiotoxicity resulting in heart failure (HF) is among the most dreaded complications of cancer therapy and can significantly impact morbidity and mortality. Leading professional societies in cardiology and oncology recommend improved access to hospice and palliative care (PC) for patients with cancer and advanced HF. However, there is a paucity of published literature on the use of PC in cardio-oncology, particularly in patients with HF and a concurrent diagnosis of cancer.

Aims
To identify existing criteria for referral to and early integration of PC in the management of cases of patients with cancer and patients with HF, and to identify assessments of outcomes of PC intervention that overlap between patients with cancer and patients with HF.

Design
Systematic literature review on PC in patients with HF and in patients with cancer.

Data sources
Databases including Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from January 2009 to September 2020.

Results
Sixteen studies of PC in cancer and 14 studies of PC in HF were identified after screening of the 8647 retrieved citations. Cancer and HF share similarities in their patient-reported symptoms, quality of life, symptom burden, social support needs, readmission rates, and mortality.

Conclusion
The literature supports the integration of PC into oncology and cardiology practices, which has shown significant benefit to patients, caregivers, and the healthcare system alike. Incorporating PC in cardio-oncology, particularly in the management of HF in patients with cancer, as early as at diagnosis, will enable patients, family members, and healthcare professionals to make informed decisions about various treatments and end-of-life care and provide an opportunity for patients to participate in the decisions about how they will spend their final days.
Evaluation of maxillary first molar rotation during direct miniscrew-supported maxillary canine retraction: a before-and-after study
Authors: AlShazly Reem M. , Almohammad Ahmad F. , ElSayed Hend Salah , EL-Beialy Amr Ragab 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Extraction of the first premolar followed by canine retraction into the extraction space is a common treatment in orthodontics. Molar rotation occurs when they are used as anchorage units for the canine distalization. The aim of this single-arm clinical trial was to evaluate the maxillary first molar rotation during maxillary canine retraction with elastic power chains and direct miniscrew anchorage.

Results
The mean difference between pre-retraction and post-retraction molar rotation was 1.89° ± 0.6 which was statistically insignificant.

Conclusion
The use of miniscrews for direct anchorage can eliminate unwanted rotation of the maxillary first molars during canine retraction.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04887974. Registered on May 6, 2021- Retrospectively registered https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04887974?id=NCT04887974&draw=2&rank=1.
The effect of caregiver key opinion leaders on increasing caregiver demand for evidence-based practices to treat youth anxiety: protocol for a randomized control trial
Authors: Crane Margaret E. , Atkins Marc S. , Becker Sara J. , Purtle Jonathan , Olino Thomas M. , Kendall Philip C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Research has identified cognitive behavioral therapy with exposures (CBT) as an effective treatment for youth anxiety. Despite implementation efforts, few anxious youth receive CBT. Direct-to-consumer marketing offers a different approach to address the unmet need for youth receiving effective treatments. Involving a local caregiver key opinion leader in direct-to-consumer initiatives may be an effective strategy to increase caregiver demand for CBT. Research indicates that key opinion leaders improve health promotion campaigns, but key opinion leaders have not been studied in the context of increasing caregiver demand for evidence-based treatments.

Method
Project CHAT (Caregivers Hearing about Anxiety Treatments) will test the role of key opinion leader participation in conducting outreach presentations to increase caregiver desire to seek CBT for their youth’s anxiety. Caregiver attendees (N = 180) will be cluster randomized by school to receive one of two different approaches for presentations on CBT for youth anxiety. Both approaches will involve community outreach presentations providing information on recognizing youth anxiety, strategies caregivers can use to decrease youth anxiety, and how to seek CBT for youth anxiety. The researcher-only condition will be co-facilitated by two researchers. In the key opinion leader condition, a caregiver key opinion leader from each local community will be involved in tailoring the content of the presentation to the context of the community, co-facilitating the presentation with a researcher, and endorsing strategies in the presentation that they have found to be helpful. In line with the theory of planned behavior, caregiver attendees will complete measures assessing their knowledge of, attitudes towards, perceived subjective norms about, and intention to seek CBT pre- and post-presentation; they will indicate whether they sought CBT for their youth at 3-month follow-up. Results will be analyzed using a mixed method approach to assess the effectiveness of a key opinion leader to increase caregiver demand for CBT.

Discussion
This study will be the first to examine the potential of key opinion leaders to increase caregiver demand for CBT. If proven effective, the use of key opinion leaders could serve as a scalable dissemination strategy to increase the reach of evidence-based treatments.

Trial registration
This trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04929262) on June 18, 2021. At the time of trial registration, pre/post-presentation data had been collected from 17 participants; thus, it was retrospectively registered.
Combination of silver nanoparticles with ineffective antibiotics against extended spectrum beta-lactamases producing isolates at Alexandria Main University Hospital, Egypt
Authors: Mohammed Asmaa Sabry Abdrabou , Mourad Moustafa Ibrahim , Alsewy Fathy Zakaria , Azzam Nashwa Fawzy Abd El Moez 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The context and purpose of the study: The spready dissemination of resistance mechanisms among extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing bacterial isolates has increasingly been reported. There is an urgent need to explore the antibacterial property of nontoxic biosafe compounds. This In-vitro experimental study aimed to evaluate the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) alone and in combination with ineffective antibiotics against ESBL producing isolates.

Results
Ciprofloxacin with AgNPs combination had the highest synergistic percentage against 91.43% of ESBL Escherichia coli isolates, and it was additive against 8.57% of them. As regards ESBL K. pneumoniae isolates, AgNPs with cefotaxime were synergistic against 75.00% of them, followed by ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin (62.50%). The least effective combination was ampicillin with AgNPs. The greatest enhancement of activity of the antibiotics was observed at silver minimum inhibitory concentration (MICAg) MICAg/2 and MICAg/4. At lower AgNPs concentrations, enhanced effects were less obvious. AgNPs inhibited the production of beta-lactamase enzymes in 91.43% of E. coli and 75% of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

Conclusion
AgNPs are a valuable alternative to combat drug resistance, as they had synergistic effects when combined with different ineffective antibiotics against ESBL producing bacteria. AgNPs had lowered MIC values of antibiotics by several folds. Moreover, they inhibited the production of beta-lactamase enzymes.
Chemical profiling and antioxidant activity of Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. stem extract, a potential traditional medicinal plant for urinary tract infections
Authors: Sureshkumar Jeyalatchagan , Amalraj Singamoorthy , Murugan Ramar , Tamilselvan Anantharaj , Krupa Jayaraj , Sriramavaratharajan Venkatraman , Gurav Shailendra S. , Ayyanar Muniappan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. (E. ramosissimum) is a widely used traditional medicinal plant to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) by ethnic people throughout the world. The utility of the plant in treating urinary-related disorders was evaluated against selected pathogenic bacteria which has major role in causing UTIs. Hence, the present study executed to extract phytochemicals like total phenolics and flavonoids, chemical profiling by GC–MS analysis and to test their antioxidant activity from stem extracts of E. ramosissimum. The extraction process was directed by petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous solvents.

Results
The GC–MS analysis yielded 24 phytoconstituents with linoleic acid, palmitic acid, nonacosane, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, and octacosane as major compounds. Methanolic extract yielded maximum amount of phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) with 600.02 ± 0.22 mg GAE/g and 631.38 ± 0.69 mg QE/g, respectively. Methanolic extract also exhibited notable free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 123.89 ± 0.73, 150.10 ± 1.02, 146.01 ± 0.54, and 63.73 ± 6.12 µg/mL for DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and O2− assays, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) required to inhibit the growth of tested pathogenic bacteria was observed in aqueous and methanolic extracts with the value being 31.25 µg/mL against R. equi and V. cholerae. As like, methanolic and petroleum ether extracts efficiently inhibited the growth of B. subtilis with the MIC of 31.25 µg/mL.

Conclusion
It was concluded that the notable effect of methanolic and aqueous extracts against the uropathogenic bacteria reported in this study supported the traditional uses of this plant in treating UTIs. The results acquired from this investigation revealed that E. ramosissimum stem extract might be considered as an interesting candidate in the development of antibacterial agent against UTIs coupled with antioxidant properties.
The origin and role of the renal stroma
Authors: Wilson Sean B. , Little Melissa H. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The postnatal kidney is predominantly composed of nephron epithelia with the interstitial components representing a small proportion of the final organ, except in the diseased state. This is in stark contrast to the developing organ, which arises from the mesoderm and comprises an expansive stromal population with distinct regional gene expression. In many organs, the identity and ultimate function of an epithelium is tightly regulated by the surrounding stroma during development. However, although the presence of a renal stromal stem cell population has been demonstrated, the focus has been on understanding the process of nephrogenesis whereas the role of distinct stromal components during kidney morphogenesis is less clear. In this Review, we consider what is known about the role of the stroma of the developing kidney in nephrogenesis, where these cells come from as well as their heterogeneity, and reflect on how this information may improve human kidney organoid models.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B targets focal adhesion kinase and paxillin in cell–matrix adhesions
Authors: González Wusener Ana E. , González Ángela , Perez Collado María E. , Maza Melina R. , General Ignacio J. , Arregui Carlos O. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B, also known as PTPN1) is an established regulator of cell-matrix adhesion and motility. However, the nature of substrate targets at adhesion sites remains to be validated. Here, we used bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, in combination with a substrate trapping mutant of PTP1B, to directly examine whether relevant phosphotyrosines on paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2) are substrates of the phosphatase in the context of cell-matrix adhesion sites. We found that the formation of catalytic complexes at cell-matrix adhesions requires intact tyrosine residues Y31 and Y118 on paxillin, and the localization of FAK at adhesion sites. Additionally, we found that PTP1B specifically targets Y925 on the focal adhesion targeting (FAT) domain of FAK at adhesion sites. Electrostatic analysis indicated that dephosphorylation of this residue promotes the closed conformation of the FAT 4-helix bundle and its interaction with paxillin at adhesion sites.