bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signs of Decline? Prostheses and the Ageing Subject
Authors: Sweet Ryan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter reveals that the cultural association of cosmetic prostheses with ageing stems, at least in part, from satirical sources that paradoxically both bulwark and mock the hegemony of physical wholeness and youth. Emphasizing the extent to which preferences for youth were intertwined with demands for physical completeness, this chapter exposes how the dominance of these two physical states was undermined by stories that either ridicule the process of concealment for elderly users or present unlikely prostheticized heroes in unconventional ways. The chapter draws from genres such as the Gothic, sensation fiction, and imperial adventure fiction. It argues that, despite their differences, the depictions of ageing prosthesis users selected challenge the dominance of physical wholeness/youth by laughing at the absurd results that these demands effected.
Experiencing Trauma Before Trauma: Posttraumatic Memories, Nightmares and Flashbacks Among Finnish Soldiers
Authors: Kivimäki Ville 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter discusses the appearance of trauma symptoms among the Finnish soldiers of World War II. Kivimäki analyzes three kinds of sources: wartime psychiatric patient files, war veterans’ dream reminiscences and war-related fiction movies in the postwar era. These materials reveal that posttraumatic memories, nightmares and flashbacks were a wide-spread phenomenon already in the 1940s, although the concept of trauma was not yet developed within Finnish psychiatry. The chapter suggests that traumatic symptoms are not simply born out of psychiatric paradigms, but that the culture that shapes and produces the symptoms must be understood more broadly. In the end, Kivimäki proposes the concept of experience as a move forward in the historical analysis of human reactions to trauma.
Traumatized Children in Hungary After World War II
Authors: Laine-Frigren Tuomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter examines how children’s wartime suffering was culturally constructed in postwar Hungary. Laine-Frigren uses a wide variety of source materials, such as published expert discourse, journalism and ego documents to explore how children’s suffering was interpreted and worked upon in different contexts, how the processes of healing were understood, and what kind of political meanings were attributed to children’s traumas. The particular focus is on the agency of people who did actual practical work with children, such as psychologists, teachers and civil society activists. The chapter suggests a multiplicity of responses to childhood trauma, from abstract and future-oriented policy-talk to teachers and psychologists promoting specific ways of healing such as offering children moments of joy, taking them on nature trips and exploring poetry.
A Sociology of Interdisciplinarity
Authors: Silvast Antti , Foulds Chris 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn building upon the cases presented in Chaps.10.1007/978-3-030-88455-0_2,10.1007/978-3-030-88455-0_3, and10.1007/978-3-030-88455-0_4, we develop aSociology of Interdisciplinaritythat draws our empirical insights together with resources from Science and Technology Studies (STS), in addition to Sociology of Scientific Knowledge, Research Policy, Infrastructure Studies, Anthropology, and Philosophy of Science. The key novelty of this framework is using STS insights to unpick the dynamics and consequences of interdisciplinary science, which distinguishes us from decades of earlier interdisciplinarity studies and gaps in understanding. Moreover, we not only focus on individual scholars and their experiences but pay careful attention to the wider contexts of interdisciplinary research, such as the impacts of funding structures, different access to resources, and power relations. We are careful in our approach so that our units of analyses—which vary from research groups and projects to whole epistemic communities and research policies—are most appropriate for the problem definitions that we put forward. The framework rests on a set of six dimensions, which we discuss in relation to current debates in the literature and our empirical analyses.
Comparison of the predictive value of two international guidelines for safe discharge of patients with mild traumatic brain injuries and associated intracranial pathology
Authors: Vestlund Sebastian , Tryggmo Sebastian , Vedin Tomas , Larsson Per-Anders , Edelhamre Marcus 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To determine and compare the sensitivity, specificity, and proportion of patients eligible for discharge by the Brain Injury Guidelines and the Mild TBI Risk Score in patients with mild traumatic brain injury and concomitant intracranial injury.

Methods
Retrospective review of the medical records of adult patients with traumatic intracranial injuries and an initial Glasgow Coma Scale score of 14–15, who sought care at Helsingborg Hospital between 2014/01/01 and 2019/12/31. Both guidelines were theoretically applied. The sensitivity, specificity, and percentage of the cohort that theoretically could have been discharged by either guideline were calculated. The outcome was defined as death, in-hospital intervention, admission to the intensive care unit, requiring emergency intubation due to intracranial injury, decreased consciousness, or seizure within 30 days of presentation.

Results
Of the 538 patients included, 8 (1.5%) and 10 (1.9%) were eligible for discharge according to the Brain Injury Guidelines and the Mild TBI Risk Score, respectively. Both guidelines had a sensitivity of 100%. The Brain Injury Guidelines had a specificity of 2.3% and the Mild TBI Risk Score had a specificity of 2.9%.

Conclusion
There was no difference between the two guidelines in sensitivity, specificity, or proportion of the cohort eligible for discharge. Specificity and proportion of cohort eligible for discharge were lower than each guideline’s original study. At present, neither guideline can be recommended for implementation in the current or similar settings.
Neue Aspekte der Glukokortikoidsubstitution bei Nebennierenrindeninsuffizienz
Authors: Kienitz Tina , Meyer Gesine 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Eine adäquate Anpassung der Glukokortikoidsubstitution an unterschiedliche Situationen ist essenziell für Leistungsfähigkeit und Lebensqualität von Patienten mit Nebennierenrindeninsuffizienz (NNRI). Sie dient darüber hinaus der Vermeidung lebensbedrohlicher adrenaler Krisen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Verbesserung der Versorgung von Patienten mit Nebennierenrindeninsuffizienz.

Material und Methoden
Selektive Literaturrecherche unter besonderer Berücksichtigung neuerer Studien.

Ergebnisse
Eine optimale Glukokortikoidsubstitution hat das Ziel, die physiologischen Kortisolschwankungen möglichst genau nachzuahmen. Hier haben in den letzten Jahren Präparate mit veränderter Pharmakokinetik das Therapiespektrum erweitert. Im Vordergrund stehen eine adäquate Anpassung der Substitution in Stresssituationen sowie die Vermeidung und adäquate Behandlung adrenaler Krisen, die mit einer Inzidenz von 4,8 bis 8,3 Krisen pro 100 Patientenjahre auftreten und mit einer Mortalität von etwa 0,5 pro 100 Patientenjahre weiterhin eine tödliche Bedrohung darstellen.

Schlussfolgerung
Zur Verhinderung lebensbedrohlicher Nebennierenkrisen ist eine Schulung von Patienten, Angehörigen und insbesondere auch medizinischem Personal notwendig.
Intraossärer Fremdkörper oder Osteom
Authors: Rau K. , Sauerwald F. , Grieser T. , Lisitano L. , Mayr E. , Plath J. 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungVorstellung eines 16-jährigen Patienten nach Fahrradsturz beim Mountainbiken 14 Tage nach primärer Versorgung nach offener Epiphysenverletzung. Metaphysär intraossär liegende Steine wurden bei anatomischer Reposition der Fraktur als nebenbefundliches Osteom fehlinterpretiert.
The Presence of Denitrifiers In Bacterial Communities of Urban Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs)
Authors: Hall Natalie C. , Sikaroodi Masoumeh , Hogan Dianna , Jones R. Christian , Gillevet Patrick M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStormwater best management practices (BMPs) are engineered structures that attempt to mitigate the impacts of stormwater, which can include nitrogen inputs from the surrounding drainage area. The goal of this study was to assess bacterial community composition in different types of stormwater BMP soils to establish whether a particular BMP type harbors more denitrification potential. Soil sampling took place over the summer of 2015 following precipitation events. Soils were sampled from four bioretention facilities, four dry ponds, four surface sand filters, and one dry swale. 16S rRNA gene analysis of extracted DNA and RNA amplicons indicated high bacterial diversity in the soils of all BMP types sampled. An abundance of denitrifiers was also indicated in the extracted DNA using presence/absence ofnirS, nirK, andnosZdenitrification genes. BMP soil bacterial communities were impacted by the surrounding soil physiochemistry. Based on the identification of a metabolically-active community of denitrifiers, this study has indicated that denitrification could potentially occur under appropriate conditions in all types of BMP sampled, including surface sand filters that are often viewed as providing low potential for denitrification. The carbon content of incoming stormwater could be providing bacterial communities with denitrification conditions. The findings of this study are especially relevant for land managers in watersheds with legacy nitrogen from former agricultural land use.
Veränderungen der Lebensqualität von Glaukompatienten über einen Zeitraum von 8 Jahren
Authors: Koenig S. F. , Hirneiss C. W. 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Lebensqualität von Glaukompatienten wird von vielen Faktoren beeinflusst. Insbesondere die Aktivität wird durch die chronische Erkrankung beeinträchtigt. Diese Studie evaluiert Veränderungen der Lebensqualität über Aktivitätseinschränkungen in einem Zeitraum von 8 Jahren.

Methoden
Dreiundvierzig Patienten mit glaukomatösem Papillenschaden wurden in diese retrospektive longitudinale Beobachtungsstudie eingeschlossen. Veränderungen des Intraokulardrucks (IOD) und der bestkorrigierten Sehschärfe (BCVA) sowie Gesichtsfeldparameter, Anzahl der den Intraokulardruck (IOD) senkenden Medikation und der durchgeführten augendrucksenkenden Operationen wurden über einen Zeitraum von 8 Jahren erhoben. Die Lebensqualität und Aktivitätseinschränkung der Patienten wurden mit dem Rasch-kalibrierten Fragebogen „Glaucoma Activity Limitation 9“ (GAL-9) bei Einschluss und 8 Jahre später erhoben.

Ergebnisse
Die Sehschärfe des besseren Auges änderte sich von 0,16 ± 0,22 auf 0,21 ± 0,14 logMAR, die des schlechteren Auges von 0,27 ± 0,25 auf 1,39 ± 1,1 logMAR. Die mittlere Defekttiefe im Gesichtsfeld („mean deviation“ [MD]) des besseren Auges entwickelte sich von −2,39 ± 4,55 dB auf −4,83 ± 5,09 dB, die des schlechteren Auges von −8,86 ± 5,86 dB auf −12,05 ± 8,07 dB. Die Werte des kalibrierten GAL‑9 zeigten eine Veränderung von −2,39 ± 2,14 auf −1,38 ± 2,78 (negativere Werte in der spezifischen Rasch-Analyse bedeuten eine bessere Lebensqualität), was im Summenscore einer Änderung des Gesamtwertes von 79,17 ± 19,63 auf 69,22 ± 27,95 entspricht. Diese Veränderungen korrelierten signifikant mit der MD in der Folgeuntersuchung nach 8 Jahren, insbesondere am schlechteren Auge (r = 0,43). Auch in einer Regressionsanalyse konnte der Einfluss der MD auf die Entwicklung der Lebensqualität gut vorhergesagt werden.

Zusammenfassung
Die Lebensqualität bei an Glaukom erkrankten Patienten nimmt im Laufe der Zeit signifikant ab. Veränderungen des Gesichtsfeldes, insbesondere am schlechteren Auge, haben einen großen Einfluss. Sorgfältige Therapie, gerade des Auges mit ausgeprägterem glaukomatösem Schaden, ist daher von großer Wichtigkeit.
Spaced training enhances equine learning performance
Authors: Holcomb Frederick R. , Multhaup Kristi S. , Erwin Savannah R. , Daniels Sarah E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis field experiment examined whether the well-documented benefit of spaced over massed training for humans and other animals generalizes to horses. Twenty-nine randomly selected horses (Equus ferus caballus) repeatedly encountered a novel obstacle-crossing task while under saddle. Horses were randomly assigned to the spaced-training condition (2 min work, 2 min rest, 2 min work, 2 min rest) or the massed-training condition (4 min work, 4 min rest). Total training time per session and total rest per session were held constant. Days between sessions (M = 3) were held as consistent as possible given the constraints of conducting research on a working ranch and safety–threatening weather conditions. During each training session, the same hypothesis-naïve rider shaped horses to cross a novel obstacle. Fifteen of 16 horses in the spaced-training condition reached performance criterion (94% success) while only 5 of 13 horses in the massed-training condition reached performance criterion (39% success). Horses in the spaced-training condition also initiated their first obstacle-crossing faster than horses in the massed-training condition and were faster at completing eight crossings than horses in the massed-training condition. Overall, task acquisition was higher for horses undergoing spaced training despite both groups experiencing the same total work and rest time per session. These findings generalize the learning-performance benefit observed in human spaced practice to horses and offer applied benefit to equine training.
High tumor mutational burden predicts worse prognosis for cervical cancer treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Ota Norichika , Yoshimoto Yuya , Darwis Narisa Dewi Maulany , Sato Hiro , Ando Ken , Oike Takahiro , Ohno Tatsuya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is a surrogate biomarker of neo-antigens and high TMB status is associated with favorable response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This study aimed to elucidate the association between TMB and the outcome of definitive radiotherapy in patients with cervical cancer.

Materials and methods
TMB and treatment outcome were retrospectively analyzed in patients with newly diagnosed cervical cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy available with somatic mutation data of pre-treatment tumors obtained using a commercially available gene panel.

Results
The study enrolled 98 patients (median follow-up period, 61 months). The median TMB was 9.5 mutations per megabase (range, 3.0–35.5 mutations per megabase). After dichotomization based on this median value, the 5-year overall survival (OS) for TMB-high patients was significantly worse than that of TMB-low patients (61.1% vs. 82.2%). Multivariate analysis identified high TMB status as a significant prognostic factor for worse OS, along with advanced stage, para-aortic lymph node involvement, and absence of concurrent chemotherapy.

Conclusion
These data indicate that TMB is a potential prognostic factor for worse survival in patients with cervical cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy, thereby providing a rationale for treatment of TMB-high cervical cancers with a combination of ICIs plus radiotherapy.

Secondary abstract
This retrospective study of 98 patients demonstrates for the first time that tumor mutational burden (TMB) is an independent prognostic factor for worse overall survival of patients treated with definitive radiotherapy, providing a rationale for treatment of TMB-high cervical cancers with a combination of immune-checkpoint inhibitors plus radiotherapy.
“The More You Do, the More Comfortable You Feel”: the Police Hostage and Crisis Negotiator Journey
Authors: Grubb Amy R. , Brown Sarah J. , Hall Peter , Bowen Erica 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHostage and crisis negotiators are specialist police officers utilised internationally by police forces to resolve hostage and crisis incidents. Whilst the role has been heavily documented in some parts of the world (namely the United States of America), there is a lack of literature relating to the organisational and operational processes and procedures in place for police negotiators in the United Kingdom. Equally, there is limited research that has explored the experiences of negotiators who perform an essential function within a variety of life-or-death situations with a view to understanding how officers transition from trainee to qualified negotiators. This paper outlines the development of a grounded theoretical model that depicts the “hostage and crisis negotiator journey,” as represented by English negotiators. Interviews were conducted with 15 negotiators from nine police forces in England and a conceptual model was developed including five primary, 12 secondary, and 32 tertiary categories. The negotiator journey is chronologically recounted by means of the five main primary categories identified: (1) ‘Why? Reasons for entering (and remaining within) the negotiator world’, (2) ‘Who and how? The negotiator profile and selection’, (3) ‘Negotiator training’, (4) ‘Operational negotiator roles’, and (5) ‘Negotiator welfare and support’. This paper demonstrates one of the first attempts to empirically map the processes and procedures in place for negotiators in England and the findings are discussed in line with their potential implications for police policy and practice.
Post more! The mediating role of social capital between Instagram use and satisfaction with life
Authors: Reimann Linda-Elisabeth , Ozimek Phillip , Rohmann Elke , Bierhoff Hans-Werner 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince more and more people have begun to use social networking sites (SNSs), research on the use of SNSs is flourishing. This study examines Instagram use and the psychological well-being of the users. It was conducted based on two samples (n1 = 143 and n2 = 320) examining the relationship between Instagram use, social capital, and satisfaction with life using online questionnaires. Social capital was divided into bonding and bridging social capital and Instagram use was distinguished depending on an active and passive mode, respectively. Instagram use was measured by a behavioral report – the Instagram Activity Questionnaire (IAQ) – which was developed in accordance with the Facebook-Activity Questionnaire (FAQ; cf., Ozimek & Bierhoff, 2016). The results indicated consistently in both samples the occurrence of positive associations between mode of Instagram use and social capital variables. Furthermore, only bonding social capital – not bridging social capital – was positively correlated to satisfaction with life. A path model showed that the negative association of active Instagram use and satisfaction with life was positively mediated by bonding social capital. These results are discussed based on social capital theory. Limitations of this investigation are pointed out and suggestions for future research are outlined.
The right of the overflown state to divert or intercept civil aircraft under a bomb threat: an analysis with regard to Ryanair flight 4978
Authors: Huttunen Mikko T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to discuss whether a state has a right to divert or intercept a foreign civil aircraft flying above its territory, when the aircraft is under a bomb threat. The analysis stems from the recent incident where a Ryanair passenger jet was diverted to Minsk while flying in Belarusian airspace; however, the article approaches the topic from a general perspective, analyzing the key applicable rules of international aviation safety and security law. The article argues that air sovereignty and national rules on aviation (the latter wherever such exist) provide states acting in good faith the right to divert or intercept foreign aircraft for security reasons. Meanwhile, Article 3 bis of the Chicago Convention does not recognize such a right. The right is also limited by international rules that oblige every state to assist aircraft in distress, as well as rules that emphasize the authority and responsibility of the pilot-in-command. Since mid-air interventions are so rare, the legality of states’ actions must be analyzed case-by-case. Regardless, the legal regime of international aviation does not allow states to respond to security threats in whatever way they please, especially if the threat is a mere pretext for politically motivated action.
COVID-19 und Weiterbildung – Überblick zu Forschungsbefunden und Desideraten
Authors: Denninger Anika , Käpplinger Bernd 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag gibt einen strukturierten Überblick zu verschiedenen Studien im Zeitraum von 2020 bis Mitte 2021 zur COVID-19-Pandemie und deren Auswirkungen auf die Erwachsenen- und Weiterbildung. Studientypen bzw. Publikationen werden unterschieden und wesentliche Befunde skizziert. Es werden Forschungsbedarfe und -lücken aufgezeigt sowie Impulse für noch differenziertere und vertiefende Analysen gegeben.
Cosheaf representations of relations and Dowker complexes
Authors: Robinson Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Dowker complex is an abstract simplicial complex that is constructed from a binary relation in a straightforward way. Although there are two ways to perform this construction—vertices for the complex are either the rows or the columns of the matrix representing the relation—the two constructions are homotopy equivalent. This article shows that the construction of a Dowker complex from a relation is a non-faithful covariant functor. Furthermore, we show that this functor can be made faithful by enriching the construction into a cosheaf on the Dowker complex. The cosheaf can be summarized by an integer weight function on the Dowker complex that is a complete isomorphism invariant for the relation. The cosheaf representation of a relation actually embodies both Dowker complexes, and we construct a duality functor that exchanges the two complexes.
INSURANCE VALUATION: A TWO-STEP GENERALISED REGRESSION APPROACH
Authors: Barigou Karim , Bignozzi Valeria , Tsanakas Andreas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCurrent approaches to fair valuation in insurance often follow a two-step approach, combining quadratic hedging with application of a risk measure on the residual liability, to obtain a cost-of-capital margin. In such approaches, the preferences represented by the regulatory risk measure are not reflected in the hedging process. We address this issue by an alternative two-step hedging procedure, based on generalised regression arguments, which leads to portfolios that are neutral with respect to a risk measure, such as Value-at-Risk or the expectile. First, a portfolio of traded assets aimed at replicating the liability is determined by local quadratic hedging. Second, the residual liability is hedged using an alternative objective function. The risk margin is then defined as the cost of the capital required to hedge the residual liability. In the case quantile regression is used in the second step, yearly solvency constraints are naturally satisfied; furthermore, the portfolio is a risk minimiser among all hedging portfolios that satisfy such constraints. We present a neural network algorithm for the valuation and hedging of insurance liabilities based on a backward iterations scheme. The algorithm is fairly general and easily applicable, as it only requires simulated paths of risk drivers.