bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing access to care for trauma‐exposed rural veterans: A mixed methods outcome evaluation of a web‐based skills training program with telehealth‐delivered coaching
Authors: Fletcher Terri L. , Amspoker Amber B. , Wassef Miryam , Hogan Julianna B. , Helm Ashley , Jackson Christie , Jacobs Adam , Shammet Rayan , Speicher Sarah , Lindsay Jan A. , Cloitre Marylène 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeWhile rural veterans with trauma exposure report high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and functional impairment, utilization of health services is low. This pilot study used mixed qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate the potential benefits of a transdiagnostic web‐based skills training program paired with telehealth‐delivered coaching to address a range of symptoms and functional difficulties. The study directed substantial outreach efforts to women veterans who had experienced military sexual trauma given their growing representation in the Veterans Healthcare Administration (VHA) and identified need for services.MethodsParticipants were 32 trauma‐exposed veterans enrolled in rural‐serving VHA facilities who screened positive for either PTSD or depression. Symptoms of PTSD, depression, emotion regulation, and interpersonal problems were assessed at baseline, midpoint, posttreatment, and 3‐month follow‐up. Veterans completed exit interviews to identify benefits and limitations of the program.ResultsIntent‐to‐treat analyses revealed significant symptom reduction for all outcomes, with large to moderate effect sizes at 3‐month follow‐up. Outcomes did not differ by gender or military sexual trauma status. Veterans’ rating of the therapeutic alliance was high and interview responses indicated that the presence of the coach was critical to success in the program.ConclusionThis remotely delivered transdiagnostic intervention provided significant benefits across a range of symptoms and functional outcomes and was viewed positively by veterans. The results indicate that further research (ie, a randomized controlled trial) is warranted. Attention to the role of the coach as a means by which to increase engagement and retention in technology‐delivered interventions is warranted.
Role of the major determinant of polar flagellation FlhG in the endoflagella‐containing spirochete Leptospira
Authors: Fule Lenka , Halifa Ruben , Fontana Celia , Sismeiro Odile , Legendre Rachel , Varet Hugo , Coppée Jean‐Yves , Murray Gerald L. , Adler Ben , Hendrixson David R. , Buschiazzo Alejandro , Guo Shuaiqi , Liu Jun , Picardeau Mathieu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSpirochetes can be distinguished from other bacteria by their spiral‐shaped morphology and subpolar periplasmic flagella. This study focused on FlhF and FlhG, which control the spatial and numerical regulation of flagella in many exoflagellated bacteria, in the spirochete Leptospira. In contrast to flhF which seems to be essential in Leptospira, we demonstrated that flhG− mutants in both the saprophyte L. biflexa and the pathogen L. interrogans were less motile than the wild‐type strains in gel‐like environments but not hyperflagellated as reported previously in other bacteria. Cryo‐electron tomography revealed that the distance between the flagellar basal body and the tip of the cell decreased significantly in the flhG− mutant in comparison to wild‐type and complemented strains. Additionally, comparative transcriptome analyses of L. biflexa flhG− and wild‐type strains showed that FlhG acts as a negative regulator of transcription of some flagellar genes. We found that the L. interrogans flhG− mutant was attenuated for virulence in the hamster model. Cross‐species complementation also showed that flhG is not interchangeable between species. Our results indicate that FlhF and FlhG in Leptospira contribute to governing cell motility but our data support the hypothesis that FlhF and FlhG function differently in each bacterial species, including among spirochetes.
Evaluation of Additive Friction Stir Deposition for the Repair of Cast Al-1.4Si-1.1Cu-1.5Mg-2.1Zn
Authors: Peter Martin L. , Luccitti Allen , Walluk Mark 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The deposition of new alloy to replace a worn or damaged surface layer is a common strategy for repairing or remanufacturing structural components. Solid-state methods, such as additive friction stir deposition (AFSD), mitigate the challenges associated with traditional fusion methods by depositing material at temperatures below the melting point. In this study, AFSD of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 was investigated as a means to fill machined grooves in a substrate of cast aluminum alloy Al-1.4Si-1.1Cu-1.5Mg-2.1Zn. The combination of machining and deposition simulate a repair in which damaged material is mechanically removed and then replaced using AFSD. Three groove geometries were evaluated by means of metallographic inspection and tensile and fatigue testing. For the process conditions and groove geometries used in this study, the effective repair depth was limited to 2.3–2.6 mm; below that depth, the interface between the filler and substrate materials exhibited poor bonding associated with insufficient shear deformation. Mechanical test data indicated that, under optimized processing conditions, the strength of the deposited filler alloy may approach that of the cast substrate. In addition, the fatigue life during fully reversed axial fatigue testing was 66% of that predicted from historical data for comparable stress amplitudes. The results suggest that there is potential to utilize AFSD of 6061 as a viable repair process for cast Al-1.4Si-1.1Cu-1.5Mg-2.1Zn and other comparable alloys.
Airfoil Shape and Angle of Attack Optimization Based on Bézier Curve and Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Wang Jiabing , Wang Chaochen , Zhou Bowen , Zeng Linlang , Yang Kun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In order to improve the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil, the airfoil shape and the angle of attack (AOA) are optimized at the same time by the multi-island genetic algorithm in this paper. The goal of the optimization is to maximize the lift-to-drag ratio which is calculated by the computational fluid dynamics method. The airfoil is parameterized by the Bézier curve. The thickness and the camber of airfoil are no longer restricted to ensure a wide range of airfoil generation. The airfoil is optimized under different Reynolds numbers. The optimized airfoils obtained by the unconstrained AOA method are compared with several standard airfoils. The results show that the maximum lift-to-drag ratio of the optimized airfoil is much greater than the compared airfoils, and the optimized airfoils have good aerodynamic characteristics in a wide range of angle of attack. By comparing with the optimized airfoils obtained by the constrained AOA method, it shows that the constrained AOA method can't guarantee that the preconstrained angle of attack is the optimal angle of attack of the airfoil, nor can obtain the maximum lift-to-drag ratio airfoil of all angles of attack and all airfoils. However, by using the angle of attack as one of the optimization variables, these problems can be solved well.
Cause Analysis and Database Establishment of Typical Pressure Equipment Explosion Accidents
Authors: Fang Zhou , Fu Junjie , Wang Zhe , Chen Zhiwei , Li Guanghai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Explosion accidents of pressure equipment could cause serious harm. The most of accident reports were described in words, which were difficult to explain the cause of accident briefly, intuitively and clearly. Three kinds of typical pressure equipment including boiler, pressure vessel and pressure pipeline were studied. The explosion accidents in China in recent years were analyzed statistically. The causes of many actual accidents were sorted out, classified and studied. The causes of explosion accidents in different pressure equipment were analyzed in detail from the aspects of pressure, temperature and safety valve for equipment. The database considering explosion accident cases of pressure equipment was established by Access to digitize accident reports. This Database can carry out some functions such as managing information, indexing explosion cases, querying accident data and analyzing causes of accidents. Corresponding disposal strategies, emergency plans and related technical guidance can be provided as well. The comprehensive study shows that the most explosion accidents of pressure equipment were caused by the abnormal working state of the equipment. In order to avoid the occurrence of explosion accidents, researchers should pay more attention to the real-time monitoring of equipment operation status in future work.
Effect of Plastic Constraint and Cladding on Semi-Elliptical Shaped Crack in Fracture Toughness Evaluation for a Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel
Authors: Shimodaira Masaki , Tobita Tohru , Nagoshi Yasuto , Lu Kai , Katsuyama Jinya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the structural integrity assessment of a reactor pressure vessel (RPV), the fracture toughness (KJc) should be higher than the stress intensity factor at the crack tip of a semi-elliptical shaped under-clad crack (UCC), which is prescribed in JEAC4206-2016. However, differences in crack depth and existence of cladding between the postulated crack and fracture toughness test specimens would be affected to the plastic constraint state and KJc evaluation. In this study, we performed fracture toughness tests and finite element analyses to investigate the effect of plastic constraint and cladding on the semi-elliptical shaped crack in KJc evaluation. The apparent KJc value evaluated at the deepest point of the crack exceeded 5% fracture probability based on the Master Curve method estimated from C(T) specimens, and the conservativeness of the current integrity assessment method was confirmed. Few initiation sites were observed along the tip of semi-elliptical shaped crack other than the deepest point. The plastic constraint state was also analyzed along the crack tip, and it was found that the plastic constraint at the crack tip near the surface was lower than that for the deepest point. Moreover, it was quantitatively showed that the UCC decreased the plastic constraint. The local approach suggested higher KJc value for the UCC than that for the surface crack, reflecting the low constraint effect for the UCC.
Analysis and Treatment of Defects on the Buried Civil Gas Pipeline
Authors: Wang Jielu , Li Wei , Hou Shaoxing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In recent years, with the development of society, people pay more attention to environmental problems year by year. Because gas has the characteristics of low pollution and high calorific value, the proportion of gas in energy structure is increasing year by year. With the continuous development of civil gas business, the safety of gas pipeline has become a widely concerned focus. How to ensure the safe operation of gas pipeline has become the first problem to be considered by each pipeline gas operators. Civil gas pipeline accidents have the characteristics of sociality, suddenness and complexity. The civil gas pipeline system is distributed in the area where the population and public facilities are concentrated. Once the accident occurs, it not only causes serious casualties and property losses, but also causes social insecurity, environmental pollution and other problems. Therefore, the Chinese regulations, Periodical Inspection Regulation for City Gas Pressure Pipeline and Thermal Pressure Pipeline (TSG D7004-2010), require regular inspection of civil gas pipelines.
During the regular inspection of a gas pipeline, the damaged point of the pipeline anticorrosive coating is found by the PCM (Pipeline Current Mapper) system. We decided to dig the point and make a direct inspection. Two dents and a gouge were found on the pipe. We evaluated these defects according to the technical standard. Because the pipeline delivery can’t be stopped for the time being, we used carbon fiber reinforcement method to repair the defects temporarily. This paper describes in detail the process of defect evaluation and repair, which has certain reference significance for the repair and use management of civil gas pipeline defects.
A Review of Conservatisms in Fracture Mechanics Assessments
Authors: Sharples John , James Peter 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the conservatisms inherent in current fracture mechanics assessment methodologies and practices. This is mainly with respect to the UK R6 and BS7910 methodologies but several of the aspects considered will also be common to other methods. Where appropriate, recent and current work aimed at understanding and reducing conservatisms are highlighted. The overview is associated with the fracture evaluations of limiting defect size and fatigue crack growth.
Review and Problem Analysis on the Development of Hydrogen Fueling Stations in China
Authors: Duan Zhixiang , Shi Kun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As the most potential secondary energy, hydrogen energy can provide power for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and is an important part of clean energy. Hydrogen fueling station is an important part of hydrogen energy utilization. Reasonable layout and construction of hydrogen fueling stations can promote the rapid development of fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen energy industry.
The development status of hydrogen fueling stations in China is summarized from the aspects of process and equipment, standard system, approval process, whole industry chain and core technology. The problems existing in the development of hydrogen fueling stations are analyzed and discussed, suggestions for promoting the development of hydrogenation stations in China are put forward, and the development trend of hydrogenation stations in China are analyzed also. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) At present, hydrogen industry in China is still in the early stage of development, and the localization rate of equipment for hydrogen fueling station is not high. (2) The approval process of hydrogen fueling station is not standardized, so it is urgent for the state to issue unified normative documents. (3) It is necessary to promote the whole chain of hydrogen production, storage and transportation, hydrogenation and hydrogen utilization to realize the healthy development of hydrogen energy. (4) The localization of key technology and equipment and the perfect standard system of hydrogen fueling station are the important guarantee for the rapid development of hydrogen fueling station in China in the future.
Improvement and Assessment of the Plastic Collapse Bending Moment Equations in Circumferentially Cracked Pipe
Authors: Desclaux Cécilia , Lacroix Valéry , Hasegawa Kunio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The plastic collapse bending moment in a pipe cross-section with a circumferential crack is defined in ASME B&PV Code Section XI, Appendix C using simplified equilibrium equations by approximating the pipe mean radius Rm and the neutral axis angle β. In previous papers it was demonstrated by the authors that, for externally cracked pipes, those simplified equilibrium equations are not conservative and hence improved equations were developed and proposed which account for the cracked pipe ligament mean radius Rmc.
In this paper, it is demonstrated that the accuracy of the collapse bending moment equation can be refined by taking into account the neutral axis position Yna of the cracked pipe section. This leads to exact collapse bending moment equations without any approximation on the pipe mean radius Rm nor on the neutral axis angle β.
In this framework, it is shown that, for externally cracked pipes, the Appendix C equations could lead to more than 20% less conservative collapse bending moment than with the exact equations. An extended finite element method analysis completes this study to assess the relevance of the model used to determine the plastic collapse bending moment.
Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Evaluation of a BWR Feedwater Nozzle
Authors: Wong Kevin K. L. , Dominguez Garivalde , Shim Do Jun , Richter Steven K. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) evaluation was performed for the nozzle blend radius and nozzle-to-shell weld of a boiling water reactor (BWR) feedwater nozzle using the PFM methodology in Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Boiling Water Reactor Vessel and Internals Program (BWRVIP) BWRVIP-108-A and BWRVIP-241-A, which are the technical basis for inspection relief in ASME Code Case N-702. Using a finite element model of the feedwater nozzle, stress analysis was performed for plant-specific piping loads and bounding transients, which were grouped by severity and projected cycle counts. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the VIPER-NOZ (Vessel Inspection Program Evaluation for Reliability, including Nozzle) PFM software to determine probabilities of failure for the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) with an inspection population of 25% of the feedwater nozzles every ten years for sixty years of plant operation. The results show that the probabilities of failure for normal operation and low temperature over pressure (LTOP) event meet the acceptance criteria for RPV failure in NUREG-1806 by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Thus, there is potential to seek regulatory relief to reduce the inspection population of BWR feedwater nozzles from 100% to 25% every ten years using the technical basis of ASME Code Case N-702.
Acute urinary retention and risk of cancer: population based Danish cohort study
Authors: Bengtsen Maria Bisgaard , Farkas Dóra Körmendiné , Borre Michael , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Nørgaard Mette 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the risk of urogenital, colorectal, and neurological cancers after a first diagnosis of acute urinary retention.DesignNationwide population based cohort study.SettingAll hospitals in Denmark.Participants75 983 patients aged 50 years or older with a first hospital admission for acute urinary retention during 1995-2017.Main outcome measuresAbsolute risk of urogenital, colorectal, and neurological cancer and excess risk of these cancers among patients with acute urinary retention compared with the general population.ResultsThe absolute risk of prostate cancer after a first diagnosis of acute urinary retention was 5.1% (n=3198) at three months, 6.7% (n=4233) at one year, and 8.5% (n=5217) at five years. Within three months of follow-up, 218 excess cases of prostate cancer per 1000 person years were detected. An additional 21 excess cases per 1000 person years were detected during three to less than 12 months of follow-up, but beyond 12 months the excess risk was negligible. Within three months of follow-up the excess risk for urinary tract cancer was 56 per 1000 person years, for genital cancer in women was 24 per 1000 person years, for colorectal cancer was 12 per 1000 person years, and for neurological cancer was 2 per 1000 person years. For most of the studied cancers, the excess risk was confined to within three months of follow-up, but the risk of prostate and urinary tract cancer remained increased during three to less than 12 months of follow-up. In women, an excess risk of invasive bladder cancer persisted for several years.ConclusionsAcute urinary retention might be a clinical marker for occult urogenital, colorectal, and neurological cancers. Occult cancer should possibly be considered in patients aged 50 years or older presenting with acute urinary retention and no obvious underlying cause.
Intensive rehabilitation programme for patients with subacute stroke in an inpatient rehabilitation facility: describing a protocol of a prospective cohort study
Authors: Sartor Monique Messaggi , Grau-Sánchez Jennifer , Guillén-Solà Anna , Boza Roser , Puig Josep , Stinear Cathy , Morgado-Perez Andrea , Duarte Esther 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionRehabilitation is recognised as a cornerstone of multidisciplinary stroke care. Intensity of therapy is related to functional recovery although there is high variability on the amount of time and techniques applied in therapy sessions. There is a need to better describe stroke rehabilitation protocols to develop a better understanding of current practice increasing the internal validity and generalisation of clinical trial results. The aim of this study is to describe an intensive rehabilitation programme for patients with stroke in an inpatient rehabilitation facility, measuring the amount and type of therapies (physical, occupational and speech therapy) provided and reporting functional outcomes.Methods and analysisThis will be a prospective observational cohort study of patients with subacute stroke admitted to our inpatient rehabilitation facility during 2 years. A therapy recording tool was developed in order to describe the rehabilitation interventions performed in our unit. This tool was designed using the Delphi method, literature search and collaboration with senior clinicians. Therapists will record the time spent on different activities available in our unit during specific therapy sessions. Afterwards, the total time spent in each activity, and the total rehabilitation time for all activities, will be averaged for all patients. Outcome variables were divided into three different domains: body structure and function outcomes, activity outcomes and participation outcomes and will be assessed at baseline (admission at the rehabilitation unit), at discharge from the rehabilitation unit and at 3 and 6 months after stroke.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Medical Research Committee at Hospital del Mar Research Institute (Project ID: 34/C/2017). The results of this study will be presented at national and international congress and submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04191109.
A rapid systematic review of measures to protect older people in long-term care facilities from COVID-19
Authors: Frazer Kate , Mitchell Lachlan , Stokes Diarmuid , Lacey Ella , Crowley Eibhlin , Kelleher Cecily C 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesThe global COVID-19 pandemic produced large-scale health and economic complications. Older people and those with comorbidities are particularly vulnerable to this virus, with nursing homes and long term care facilities (LTCF) experiencing significant morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 outbreaks. The aim of this rapid systematic review was to investigate measures implemented in LTCF to reduce transmission of COVID-19 and their effect on morbidity and mortality of residents, staff and visitors.SettingLong-term care facilities.ParticipantsResidents, staff and visitors of facilities.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDatabases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Databases and repositories and MedRXiv prepublished database) were systematically searched from inception to 27 July 2020 to identify studies reporting assessment of interventions to reduce transmission of COVID-19 in nursing homes among residents, staff or visitors. Outcome measures include facility characteristics, morbidity data, case fatalities and transmission rates. Due to study quality and heterogeneity, no meta-analysis was conducted.ResultsThe search yielded 1414 articles, with 38 studies included. Reported interventions include mass testing, use of personal protective equipment, symptom screening, visitor restrictions, hand hygiene and droplet/contact precautions, and resident cohorting. Prevalence rates ranged from 1.2% to 85.4% in residents and 0.6% to 62.6% in staff. Mortality rates ranged from 5.3% to 55.3% in residents.ConclusionsNovel evidence in this review details the impact of facility size, availability of staff and practices of operating between multiple facilities, and for-profit status of facilities as factors contributing to the size and number of COVID-19 outbreaks. No causative relationships can be determined; however, this review provides evidence of interventions that reduce transmission of COVID-19 in LTCF.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020191569.