bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting post‐discharge cancer surgery complications via telemonitoring of patient‐reported outcomes and patient‐generated health data
Authors: Rossi Lorenzo A. , Melstrom Laleh G. , Fong Yuman , Sun Virginia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPost‐discharge oncologic surgical complications are costly for patients, families, and healthcare systems. The capacity to predict complications and early intervention can improve postoperative outcomes. In this proof‐of‐concept study, we used a machine learning approach to explore the potential added value of patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) and patient‐generated health data (PGHD) in predicting post‐discharge complications for gastrointestinal (GI) and lung cancer surgery patients.MethodsWe formulated post‐discharge complication prediction as a binary classification task. Features were extracted from clinical variables, PROs (MD Anderson Symptom Inventory [MDASI]), and PGHD (VivoFit) from a cohort of 52 patients with 134 temporal observation points pre‐ and post‐discharge that were collected from two pilot studies. We trained and evaluated supervised learning classifiers via nested cross‐validation.ResultsA logistic regression model with L2 regularization trained with clinical data, PROs and PGHD from wearable pedometers achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic of 0.74.ConclusionsPROs and PGHDs captured through remote patient telemonitoring approaches have the potential to improve prediction performance for postoperative complications.
Chemical and physical properties of tribofilms formed by the interaction of ashless dithiophosphate anti‐wear additives
Authors: Vyavhare Kimaya , Bagi Sujay , Pichumani Pradip Sairam , Sharma Vibhu , Aswath Pranesh B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPhysiochemical properties of tribofilms generated from octadecylthioperoxydiphosphate (SSC18) and octadecylphosphorofluoridothioate (PFC18) were compared with zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDP) in this study. PFC18 and SSC18 were chemically synthesised and mixed in mineral base oil to prepare test oil formulations. Additionally, PFC18 and SSC18 were mixed at different concentrations and evaluated for their compatibility and tribological performance using high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) tribometer. All lubricant formulations with ashless additives exhibited superior anti‐wear characteristics compared to ZDDP. Comprehensive surface analysis of tribofilms was conducted using scanning electron microscopy, nano‐indentation and X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy. Formulations containing only SSC18 and PFC18 exhibited a uniform and continuous tribofilm formation, while formulations with a combination of SSC18 and PFC18 had a stable pad‐like structure. X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) results indicate ashless PFC18 and SSC18 by themselves and in combination form iron phosphate enriched tribofilms with a mixture of iron sulfides and/or sulfates.
Tribological properties of superhydrophobic aluminium surfaces with extremely high and very low water adhesion
Authors: Guo Yonggang , Zhu Yachao , Li Chongchong , Luo Bingpeng , Lv Zhi , Li Kemin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe water adhesion of a superhydrophobic surface depends on its surface microstructure and chemical composition, which in turn affects its tribological properties. In this paper, a simple and environmentally friendly method was employed to fabricate superhydrophobic aluminium surfaces with different water adhesion. The results confirmed that the superhydrophobic aluminium surfaces with different water adhesion had different tribological properties under dry friction and water lubrication conditions. The sticky superhydrophobic sample with high adhesion had better wear resistance and lower friction coefficient than the slippery superhydrophobic one with very low adhesion. In addition, the related tribological properties were analyzed. This study is helpful to understand the tribological properties of superhydrophobic surfaces with different water adhesion more clearly, which is of great significance for their practical application.
Living Donor Liver Transplantation in the United States: Evolution of Frequency, Outcomes, Center Volumes, and Factors Associated With Outcomes
Authors: Cotter Thomas G. , Minhem Mohamad , Wang Jennifer , Peeraphatdit Thoetchai , Ayoub Fares , Pillai Anjana , Hernandez‐Alejandro Roberto , di Sabato Diego , Charlton Michael 
Published: February 2021

Recent modifications in organ allocation policies and increases in chronic liver diseases may have resulted in important changes in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in the United States. We examined the trends, outcomes, and factors associated with outcomes in adult LDLT. United Network for Organ Sharing data on 2566 adult LDLT recipients who received transplants from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2019, were analyzed. LDLT graft and patient survival rates were compared with propensity score–matched deceased donor liver transplantation recipients by the Kaplan‐Meier curve estimator. The association between preceding LDLT frequency and subsequent outcomes were assessed by Cox proportional hazards mixed effects modeling. After a stable annual frequency of LDLTs from 2010 to 2014 (~200 per year), the number of LDLTs doubled to 440 in 2019. The 1‐year and 5‐year graft survival rates for LDLT recipients were 88.4% and 78.1%, respectively, compared with 92.5% and 80.7% in the propensity score–matched donation after brain death recipients (P = 0.005), respectively. Older donor age and recipient diabetes mellitus and life support requirement were significantly associated with graft failure among LDLT recipients (P values <0.05). Average preceding LDLT frequencies of <3 per year, 3 to 20 per year, and >20 per year resulted in 1‐year graft survival rates of 82%, 88% to 89%, and 93%, respectively (P values <0.05). There were 3 living donor deaths (0.12%). The frequency of LDLTs has doubled during the past decade, with good outcomes and acceptable donor safety profiles. However, there appear to be varying threshold transplant frequencies (volume/unit time) associated with acceptable (88%‐89%) and aspirational (93%) 1‐year graft survival rates. These data should be reassuring and encourage LDLT practice as efforts continue to expand the donor pool.
Bactericidal Action of Smooth and Plasma Micro‐Nanotextured Polymeric Surfaces with Varying Wettability, Enhanced by Incorporation of a Biocidal Agent
Authors: Dimitrakellis Panagiotis , Ellinas Kosmas , Kaprou Georgia D. , Mastellos Dimitrios C. , Tserepi Angeliki , Gogolides Evangelos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe use of antibacterial surfaces is an effective way to reduce exposure to pathogens and therefore infections. Several methods to fabricate antibacterial surfaces using surface modification methods as well as a bactericidal agent incorporation inside materials have been reported. However, in most cases the factors affecting the antibacterial behavior of a surface are not discussed in detail. Here, a comparative study on the antibacterial properties of surfaces with different characteristics against Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) under dynamic conditions is presented, aiming to unravel the interplay among the most important factors when realizing an antibacterial surface, that is, surface morphology, wetting properties, and the use of a bactericidal agent. Significant bactericidal efficacy for the micro‐nanotextured, superhydrophilic surfaces is demonstrated, possibly due to a mechanical killing induced by the interaction of bacteria with the micro‐nanotopography. On the other hand, superhydrophobic surfaces without any bactericidal agent exhibit low interaction with the bacteria containing medium and therefore lower bactericidal action, whereas superhydrophobic surfaces with a bactericidal agent exhibit extreme non‐wetting properties and rapid bactericidal effect through release of Cu particles. Finally, the role of the hydrophobic coating as barrier against uncontrolled release of the bactericidal agent when deposited as top layer is also showcased.
Technical Note: A standardized automation framework for monitoring institutional radiotherapy protocol compliance
Authors: Quirk Sarah , Lovis Jordan , Stenhouse Kailyn , Van Dyke Lukas , Roumeliotis Michael , Thind Kundan 
Published: February 2021

PurposeTo establish a framework for the standardization of monitoring radiotherapy protocol compliance.MethodsAn automated protocol compliance tool was developed using best practice in software design and a flexible framework to easily adapt to changing institutional standards. The Eclipse scripting environment was used to develop the application with the scripting application programing interface (API) and direct data extraction from ARIA. For each institutional protocol, external validation was specified in a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) file that stores protocol specific constraints and evaluates compliance of the data from Eclipse and Aria. This tool was applied prospectively to a cohort of prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy with a prescription regimen of 60 Gy in 20 fractions.ResultsThe prospective evaluation was performed on 58 prostate cancer patients. For this cohort, the mean (standard deviation) pass rate is 92.3% (6.1%). The overall fail rate is 6.0% (5.8%); the percentage of these failures is in 2.6% in Patient Assessment, 0% in Simulation, and 97.4% in Treatment Planning.ConclusionsA protocol compliance application is developed and implemented in a standard radiotherapy information system. The application functionality is demonstrated on a cohort of 58 patients undergoing prostate radiotherapy, which highlights the utility of assessing adherence to institutional protocols. A unified method must be available for the community to ensure consistency in compliance reporting.
A thematic analysis of care provider experiences of using self‐harm abstinence agreements in psychiatric inpatient care
Authors: Bjärehed Jonas , Ingelsson Lindell Evelina , Westling Sofie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTraditional methods used when managing self‐harm in a psychiatric inpatient setting tend to infringe on the autonomy of the individuals receiving treatment and are often experienced as practically and emotionally challenging by care providers. Therefore, we examined care providers’ experiences of an alternative method negotiating self‐harm abstinence agreements, which can be viewed as a form of positive risk taking.DesignA qualitative approach using semi‐structured interviews with twelve mental health professionals.MethodsThematic analysis of the interviews.ResultsFive themes emerged; “No‐harm agreements versus constant observation and coercion,” “No‐harm agreements to promote independence and collaboration,” “No‐harm agreements’ effect on ward safety,” “Ambiguity surrounding the no‐harm agreements” and “Ethical complexities of the no‐harm agreements.” These indicated perceived positive effects on the therapeutic relationship, the individuals’ autonomous functioning and the ward environment, but also practical and ethical difficulties.
Assertiveness in the patients with thalassaemia major: A qualitative study
Authors: Valizadeh Leila , Zamanzadeh Vahid , Ghahramanian Akram , Hasani Narenjbaghi Soghra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the concept of assertiveness in the patients with thalassaemia major.DesignIt was a qualitative study with a conventional content analysis design.MethodData were collected using a semi‐structured interview. The research sample included 16 patients with thalassaemia major who were selected using purposeful sampling method from among such patients at educational and therapeutic centres. Then, they were analysed using MAXQDA10 software.ResultsDuring the analysis of data for the concept of assertiveness, three sub‐concepts of "courage to self‐presentation," "demonstrating the abilities" and "attendance in groups" were developed.
The effect of polyaniline electrode doped with transition metal ions for supercapacitors
Authors: Wu Kezhong , Fu Pengyuan , Wang Zejin , Zhao Qiongwei , Guo Jianing , Ruan Bei , Wu Mingxing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDoping transition metal ions into polyaniline (PANI) as an attractive electrode material have been regarded as one of the crucial factors to improve the capacitive performance and the cycle stability of supercapacitors due to their excellent metal properties and good conductivity. Herein, PANI has been prepared via in situ facile and low‐cost electro‐polymerization method. At a current density of 0.2 A g−1, the supercapacitor using PANI electrode shows the specific capacitances of 203.0 F g−1 in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. To further improve the electrochemical activity of PANI electrode, the transition metal ions M2+ (M2+ = Ni2+, Co2+, Mn2+, and Cu2+) have been doped into PANI electrode via the same electro‐polymerization method. And the supercapacitor with the different doped‐PANI electrode generates the specific capacitances of 364.3, 326.1, 258.5, and 250.6 F g−1 respectively from PANI‐Ni2+, PANI‐Co2+, PANI‐Mn2+, and PANI‐Cu2+, which were superior to 79.5%, 60.6%,27.3%, and 23.4% of the pristine PANI based counterpart under the same test conditions and method. The favorable performances make the different doped‐PANI act as a new resource of the high performance electrode materials of supercapacitor.
Androgen receptor enhancer amplification in matched patient‐derived xenografts of primary and castrate‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Porter Laura H , Bakshi Andrew , Pook David , Clark Ashlee , Clouston David , Kourambas John ,   MURAL Investigators, Goode David L , Risbridger Gail P , Taylor Renea A , Lawrence Mitchell G 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAmplifications of the androgen receptor (AR) occur in up to 80% of men with castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Recent studies highlighted that these amplifications not only span the AR gene but usually encompass a distal enhancer. This represents a newly recognised, non‐coding mechanism of resistance to AR‐directed therapies, including enzalutamide. To study disease progression before and after AR amplification, we used tumour samples from a castrate‐sensitive primary tumour and castrate‐resistant metastasis of the same patient. For subsequent functional and genomic studies, we established serially transplantable patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs). Whole genome sequencing showed that alterations associated with poor prognosis, such as TP53 and PTEN loss, existed before androgen deprivation therapy, followed by co‐amplification of the AR gene and enhancer after the development of metastatic CRPC. The PDX of the primary tumour, without the AR amplification, was sensitive to AR‐directed treatments, including castration, enzalutamide, and apalutamide. The PDX of the metastasis, with the AR amplification, had higher AR and AR‐V7 expression in castrate conditions, and was resistant to castration, apalutamide, and enzalutamide in vivo. Treatment with a BET inhibitor outperformed the AR‐directed therapies for the metastasis, resulting in tumour regression for some, but not all, grafts. Therefore, this study provides novel matched PDXs to test potential treatments that target the overabundance of AR in tumours with AR enhancer amplifications. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of home oxygen duration in chronic neonatal lung disease
Authors: Wong Matthew D. , Neylan Melissa , Williams Gordon , Zahir Syeda F. , Chawla Jasneek 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsIn infants with chronic neonatal lung disease (CNLD), we aimed to identify predictors of home oxygen duration, predictors of discharge oxygen flow rates, and the association of oxygen flow rates with respiratory outcomes.MethodsInfants with CNLD requiring home oxygen in 2016 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated from Cox proportional hazards regression models in the cohort. A multinomial logistic regression model examined the effects of maternal and infant variables on discharge oxygen flow rates. Kruskal–Wallis test with univariate linear regression and Fisher's exact test with binomial univariate logistic regression were used to examine associations between oxygen flow groups and post‐discharge clinical variables.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐nine infants were included. Median corrected gestational age (CGA) at oxygen cessation was 6.8 months (interquartile range, 4.4) with 87.2% of infants weaned by 12 months CGA. Shorter initial neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay predicted faster oxygen weaning at 9 months (HR, 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98–1.00, p = .02) and 12 months (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98–1.00, p = .02). Infants with hypercarbia at discharge or discharged from NICU at higher CGA had higher odds of requiring ≥ 200 ml/min relative to ≤ 125 ml/min oxygen. Infants discharged with > 250 ml/min oxygen were more likely to have a respiratory‐related admission before 2 years chronological age.ConclusionShorter initial NICU stay was the best predictor of earlier home oxygen cessation. At NICU discharge, infants with hypercarbia or a higher CGA may require more home oxygen and experience more respiratory‐related hospital admission in the first 2 years of chronological age.
Functional analysis ofABCGandABCHtransporters from the red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Rösner Janin , Tietmeyer Johanne , Merzendorfer Hans 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDATP‐binding cassette transporter (ABC transporter) subfamilies ABCA–C and ABCG–H have been implicated in insecticide detoxification, mostly based on findings of elevated gene expression in response to insecticide treatment. We previously characterizedTcABCA–Cgenes from the model beetle and pestTribolium castaneumand demonstrated thatTcABCAandTcABCCgenes are involved in the elimination of diflubenzuron, because RNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated gene silencing increased susceptibility. In this study, we focused on the potential functions ofTcABCG and TcABCHgenes in insecticide detoxification.RESULTSWhen we silenced the expression ofTcABCG–Hgenes using RNAi, we noticed a previously unreported developmental RNAi phenotype forTcABCG‐4F, which is characterized by 50% mortality and ecdysial arrest during adult moult. When we knocked down theDrosophila brownorthologueTcABCG‐XC, we did not obtain apparent eye colour phenotypes but did observe a loss of riboflavin uptake by Malpighian tubules. Next, we determined the expression profiles of allTcABCG–Hgenes in different tissues and developmental stages and analysed transcript levels in response to treatment with four chemically unrelated insecticides. We found that some genes were specifically upregulated after insecticide treatment. However, when we determined insecticide‐induced mortalities in larvae that were treated by double‐stranded RNA injection to silence thoseTcABCG–Hgenes that were upregulated, we did not observe a significant increase in susceptibility to insecticides.CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest that the observed insecticide‐dependent induction ofTcABCG–Hgene expression reflects an unspecific stress response, and hence underlines the significance of functional studies on insecticide detoxification.© 2021 The Authors.Pest Management Sciencepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Optimising the trade‐off between type I andIIerror rates in the Bayesian context
Authors: Walley Rosalind J. , Grieve Andrew P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor any decision‐making study, there are two sorts of errors that can be made, declaring a positive result when the truth is negative, and declaring a negative result when the truth is positive. Traditionally, the primary analysis of a study is a two‐sided hypothesis test, the type I error rate will be set to 5% and the study is designed to give suitably low type II error – typically 10 or 20% – to detect a given effect size. These values are standard, arbitrary and, other than the choice between 10 and 20%, do not reflect the context of the study, such as the relative costs of making type I and II errors and the prior belief the drug will be placebo‐like. Several authors have challenged this paradigm, typically for the scenario where the planned analysis is frequentist. When resource is limited, there will always be a trade‐off between the type I and II error rates, and this article explores optimising this trade‐off for a study with a planned Bayesian statistical analysis. This work provides a scientific basis for a discussion between stakeholders as to what type I and II error rates may be appropriate and some algebraic results for normally distributed data.
Robust stability and stabilization of multi‐order fractional‐order systems with interval uncertainties: An LMI approach
Authors: Lu Jun‐Guo , Zhu Zhen , Ma Ying‐Dong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper concentrates on the robust stability and stabilization problems of multi‐order fractional‐order systems (MOFOSs) with interval uncertainties. Firstly, the new sufficient conditions for the stability of the nominal systems are given, which are suitable for robust analysis and controller design. Then, based on the above stability conditions, the robust stability conditions for the uncertain systems are proposed. Secondly, in order to stabilize the nominal systems and uncertain systems, the state feedback controllers are designed. All the results are in the form of linear matrix inequalities and can be applied in incommensurate cases. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of our results.
Relatively maximal perturbation bounds for global robustness of max‐plus linear systems
Authors: Yin Yingxuan , Tao Yuegang , Wang Cailu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe perturbation bounds for the global robustness of max‐plus linear systems are constructed, which guarantee that parameter perturbations within such bounds do not affect the original states and outputs. The eigenelement of a max‐plus matrix is introduced to characterize the variable elements and to determine the maximal number of variable elements. The relatively maximal perturbation bound is proposed to describe the maximal variation range of system parameters. A polynomial algorithm is developed to find a relatively maximal perturbation bounds. The globally robust approach presented is applied in scheduling of container quay cranes to delimit the maximal traveling time delay.