bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the Relative Pollination Potential of Iran Using Multi-Criteria Evaluation and The Lonsdorf Model
Authors: Rahimi ehsan , Barghjelveh Shahindokht , Dong Pinliang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Since very little attention has been paid to pollination service in Iran, especially its mapping, there is little information about the areas where wild bees are present. Therefore, in this study, we used two models based on expert opinion that does not need the presence points of pollinating bees to estimate pollinating service. The Lonsdorf (Lonsdorf et al., 2009) model, simply considers the potential of land covers in providing nesting habitat and floral resources for mapping pollination services in different landscapes. In addition to considering the potential of land covers in providing pollination service, the multi-criteria evaluation model uses additional factors such as altitude, climate, roads, and rivers network. The results of the Lonsdorf model showed that the majority of Iran have a low potential for providing pollination service and only three percent of the northern and western parts of Iran have high potential. However, the results of the multi-criteria evaluation model showed that 23% of Iran has a high potential to provide pollination services that cover most of the northern and southern parts of the country. The difference in the results of the models was due to their attention to the factors affecting the probability of the presence of pollinators in Iran because the Lonsdorf model does not pay attention to factors such as altitude and climate in modeling, while these factors significantly affect the activity of bees. Therefore, the present study acknowledges the results of the multi-criteria evaluation model for pollination service mapping in Iran and emphasizes that the approach adopted in the Lonsdorf model for accurate estimation of pollination service is not complete and needs correction.
Adult-Onset Mast Cell Activation Syndrome Following Scombroid Poisoning a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Brock Isabelle , Eng Nicole , Maitland Anne 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mast Cell Activation syndrome (MCAS) is a clinical condition, defined by the combination of 1) typical symptoms, 2) laboratory abnormalities and 3) response to treatment. Patients present with episodic symptoms of aberrant mast cell activation, such as abdominal cramping, asthma, hypotensive episodes, tachycardia, anaphylaxis, unexplained arrhythmias, and neurologic/psychiatric symptoms. Both clonal and nonclonal mast cell activation syndromes have been described, with a greater prevalence of non-clonal MCAS among the pediatric and adult population. Numerous extrinsic triggers of mast cell activation (MCA) are described, but recent reports point to nonatopic triggers, as the predominant, extrinsic stimulants of MCA in the adult population. The etiology of MCAS is unclear, though recent studies point to the disruption of the epithelium by infection, toxic exposures or physical trauma, and perturbation the tight regulation of these innate immune cells, associated to the epithelial borders. Here we describe a geriatric patient with adult onset MCAS, following a significant toxic exposure, scombroid poisoning. We also review the relevant literature regarding MCAS diagnosis and management as well as potential mechanisms for this hypersensitivity syndrome in adults.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Postoperative Triamcinolone in Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy using Lacrimal Symptom Questionnaire
Authors: KAPTI HASAN BURHANETTİN , KORKMAZ HAKAN 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of postoperative nasal triamcinolone spray use in primary endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy using The Lacrimal Symptom Questionnaire .Methods: This study included a series of 50 consecutive retrospective cases with primary endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy and with silicone stent implantation who were followed up for 6 months postoperatively. Patients using nasal triamcinolone spray for 3 months postoperatively were included in the triamcinolone group. Patients not using triamcinolone were included in the control group. Lacrimal stents were removed 3 months postoperatively. The Lacrimal Symptom Questionnaire (Lac-Q) was performed in the preoperative and postoperative 6th month. Anatomical success, functional success, and changes in lacrimal symptom and social impact scores were compared between the two groups 6 months after surgery.Results: Results of 48 endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomies performed on 48 patients (23 triamcinolone group, 25 control group) meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The anatomical success rate (95.7% vs. 84.0%, p = 0.350) and the functional success rate (91.3% vs. 76.0%, p = 0.249) were higher in the triamcinolone group, but this difference was not statistically significant. No complications were observed in the triamcinolone group, whereas complications developed in two patients in the control group (p = 0.490). The mean change in total lac-Q score was 11.0 in the triamcinolone group and 9.0 in the control group (p = 0.011). The mean change in social impact score was 4.0 in the triamcinolone group and 3.0 in the control group (p = 0.005). Mean change in lacrimal symptom score was 6.0 in the triamcinolone group and 6.0 in the control group (p =0.368)Conclusions: Our study indicated that postoperative use of triamcinolone spray increases the success rate of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. also revealed that triamcinolone may also lead to greater improvement in quality of life scores than the control group using a validated questionnaire.
A 2-Bit Pancharatnam-Berry Coding Metasurface For Ultra-Wideband And Polarization-Insensitive RCS Reduction
Authors: Lin Baoqin , Huang Wenzhun , Yang Yong-sheng , Lv Lin-tao , Guo Jianxin , Wang Yanwen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Because Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) geometrical phase can only be generated in the co-polarized reflection coefficient under circular polarized (CP) incidence for a reflective metasurface, designing a reflective PB coding metasurface must be based on an appropriate polarization conversion metasurface (PCM), which can realize CP-maintaining reflection. In this work, to design a reflective 2-dit PB coding metasurface for radar cross section (RCS) reduction, an ultra-wideband PCM is proposed at first, the simulated results show that the PCM can realize ultra-wideband CP-maintaining reflection from 8.6 to 35.9 GHz; moreover, PB phase will be generated in its co-polarized reflection coefficient by rotating its unit structure. Thus based on the PCM, an ultra-wideband reflective 2-dit PB coding metasurface is constructed successfully. The simulation and experiment results show that the coding metasurface has excellent performance in RCS reduction under arbitrary polarized incidences, compared with a pure metallic plate with the same size, its RCS can be reduced more than 10dB in the frequency band 8.2-35.2GHz with a relative bandwidth of 124.4%.
Combining Hepatic Percutaneous Perfusion With Ipilimumab Plus Nivolumab In Advanced Uveal Melanoma (CHOPIN): Study Protocol For A Phase Ib/Randomized Phase II Trial.
Authors: Tong Thaïs M.L. , Kooij Monique K. van der , Speetjens Frank M. , Erkel Arian R. van , Meer Rutger W. van der , Lutjeboer Jacob , Meerten Els L. van Persijn van , Martini Chris H. , Zoethout Remco W.M. , Tijl Fred G.J. , Blank Christian U. , Burgmans Mark C. , Kapiteijn Ellen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: While immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has revolutionized the treatment of metastatic cutaneous melanoma, no standard treatments are available for patients with metastatic uveal melanoma (UM). Several locoregional therapies are effective in the treatment of liver metastases, such as percutaneous hepatic perfusion with melphalan (M-PHP). The available literature suggests that treatment with ICI following locoregional treatment of liver UM metastases can result in clinical response. We hypothesize that combining M-PHP with ICI will lead to enhanced antigen presentation and increased immunomodulatory effect, improving control of both hepatic and extrahepatic disease. Methods: Open-label, single center, phase Ib/randomized phase II trial, evaluating the safety and efficacy of the combination of M-PHP with ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4 antibody) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1 antibody) in patients with unresectable hepatic metastases of UM in first line treatment, with or without limited extrahepatic disease. Primary objective is to determine safety, toxicity and efficacy of the combination regimen, defined by maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and progression-free survival (PFS) at one year. Secondary objectives include overall survival (OS) and overall response rate (ORR). A maximum of 88 patients will be treated in phase I and phase II combined. Baseline characteristics will be described with descriptive statistics (t-test, Chi-square test). To study the association between risk factors and toxicity a logistic regression model will be applied. PFS and OS will be summarized using Kaplan-Meier curves.Discussion: This is the first trial to evaluate this treatment combination by establishing the maximum tolerated dose and evaluating the efficacy of the combination treatment. M-PHP has shown to be a safe and effective treatment for UM patients with liver metastases and became the standard treatment option in our center. The combination of ICI with M-PHP is investigated in the currently described trial which might lead to a better treatment response both in and outside the liver. Trial Registration: This trial was registered in the U.S. National Library of Medicine with identifier NCT04283890. Registered as per February 2020 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04283890. EudraCT registration number: 2018-004248-49.Local MREC registration number: NL60508.058.19.
Tracheal intubation skill retention using a McGRATH® MAC video laryngoscope with real-time feedback by faculty in novice first-year residents: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yamamoto Yu , Kimura Shohei , Kuniyoshi Hideki , Hiroe Takanori , Terui Takako , Kase Yoichi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDuring endotracheal intubation training, only providing verbal guidance to students may result in inadequate recognition of the inner larynx and cause delays in mastering endotracheal intubation. Therefore, we introduced a deliberate practice approach to the education of residents in endotracheal intubation. For this purpose, a video laryngoscope was used to give the residents detailed feedback of the anesthesiology faculty. We hypothesized that if the anesthesiology faculty could provide sufficient and precise feedback of the larynx through the video monitor, the residents’ intubation skills would be retained for a more extended period.MethodsThis cluster randomized controlled study enrolled first-year residents who completed a two-month rotation at our department. Each rotation group (2–4 residents) was assigned to the Macintosh laryngoscope (ML) group or the McGRATH MAC video laryngoscope (MML) group. Endotracheal intubation skills were evaluated on a simulated mannequin immediately after the rotation, three months later, and six months later. The primary endpoint was the time required for intubation. The secondary endpoint was the percentage of glottic opening (POGO) score.ResultsForty-six residents participated in this study and were assigned to the ML group (n = 23) or the MML group (n = 23). The time required for intubation was significantly shorter in the MML group than in the ML group. The POGO score did not show any significant differences between the two groups; however, the POGO score of the MML group had a relatively narrower confidence interval than the ML group.ConclusionsWhen comparing endotracheal intubation training using the Macintosh laryngoscope and video laryngoscope, the McGRATH MAC video laryngoscope shortened the intubation procedure and facilitated long-term skill retention.Trial registrationClinical registry and trial number, URL: https://www.umin.ac.jp, UMIN000036643 date of registration: 2019/05/03, This study was retrospectively registered.
Assessment of Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform to improve SNR in collaboration with Neuro-Fuzzy System for Heart Sound Identification
Authors: Al-Naami Bassam , Fraihat Hossam , Al-Nabulsi Jamal , Al-Hinnawi Abdel-Razzak 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Here we propose a novel de-noising method to improve the outcome of heart sound (HS)-based heart condition identification. We applied Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) in collaboration with Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) classifier. The method consisted of three steps. First, preprocess to eliminate 50 Hz noise. Second, application of DTCWT to de-noise and reconstruct time-domain HS signal. Third, evaluation of ANFIS on total 2735 HS recordings from an international dataset (PhysioNet Challenge 2016). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with DTCWT was significantly improved (p < 0.001) as compared to original HS recordings. Quantitatively, there was a 11% increase in SNR after DTCWT, representing a significant improvement in de-noising HS. In addition, the ANFIS, using six time-domain features, resulted in 55–86% precision, 51–98% recall, 53–86% f-score, and 54–86% MAcc in comparison to other attempts on the same dataset. Therefore, DTCWT is a successful technique in de-noising information such as HS recordings. The adaptive property of ANFIS exhibited capability in classifying HS recordings.
Antiemetic Prophylaxis for Chemoradiotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (C-RINV) in Locally Advanced Head and Heck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LA-HNSCC): A Prospective Phase Ⅱ Trial
Authors: Wang Zekun , Liu Wenyang , Zhang Jianghu , Chen Xuesong , Wang Jingbo , Wang Kai , Qu Yuan , Huang Xiaodong , Luo Jingwei , Xiao Jianping , Xu Guozhen , Gao Li , Yi Junlin , Zhang Ye 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose To provide a direct evidence for the current practice of prescribing antiemetic with aprepitant, dexamethasone and ondansetron in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Methods Treatment-naïve LA-HNSCC patients received intensity-modulated radiotherapy with concomitant cisplatin 100 mg/m² every 3 weeks for two cycles. All patients were given orally aprepitant 125 mg once on d1, then 80mg once on d2-5; ondansetron 8 mg once on d1; and dexamethasone 12 mg once on d1, then 8mg on d2-5. The primary endpoint was complete response (CR). Pursuant to δ=0.2 and α=0.05, the expected CR rate was 80%. Results A total of 43 patients with LA-HNSCC were enrolled. The median age was 53 years old, and 86.0% were male. All patients received radiotherapy and 86.0% of patients completed both cycles as planned. The overall CR rate was 86.0% (95% CI: 72.1-94.7). The CR rates for cycles 1 and 2 were 88.4% (95% CI: 74.9-96.1) and 89.2% (95% CI: 74.6-97.0). The complete protection rate in the overall phase was 72.1% (95% CI: 56.3-84.7). The emesis-free response and nausea-free response in overall phase were 88.4% (95% CI: 74.9-96.1) and 60.5% (95% CI: 44.4-75.0), respectively. The adverse events related to antiemetics were constipation (65.1%) and hiccups (16.3%), but both were grade 1-2. There was no grade 4 or 5 treatment-related adverse event with antiemetic usage. Conclusion The addition of aprepitant into ondansetron and dexamethasone provided effective protection from nausea and emesis in patients with LA-HNSCC receiving CCRT. Trial registration ID: NCT03572829.
Support Vector Machines in Big Data Classification: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Almaspoor Mohammad Hassan , Safaei Ali , Salajegheh Afshin , Minaei-Bidgoli Behrouz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Classification is one of the most important and widely used issues in machine learning, the purpose of which is to create a rule for grouping data to sets of pre-existing categories is based on a set of training sets. Employed successfully in many scientific and engineering areas, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) is among the most promising methods of classification in machine learning. With the advent of big data, many of the machine learning methods have been challenged by big data characteristics. The standard SVM has been proposed for batch learning in which all data are available at the same time. The SVM has a high time complexity, i.e., increasing the number of training samples will intensify the need for computational resources and memory. Hence, many attempts have been made at SVM compatibility with online learning conditions and use of large-scale data. This paper focuses on the analysis, identification, and classification of existing methods for SVM compatibility with online conditions and large-scale data. These methods might be employed to classify big data and propose research areas for future studies. Considering its advantages, the SVM can be among the first options for compatibility with big data and classification of big data. For this purpose, appropriate techniques should be developed for data preprocessing in order to covert data into an appropriate form for learning. The existing frameworks should also be employed for parallel and distributed processes so that SVMs can be made scalable and properly online to be able to handle big data.
Do Defensive Compounds Affect the Success of Invasion of the Argentine Ant?
Authors: Salado Isabel , ALVAREZ-BLANCO PALOMA , BOULAY RAPHAËL , BLIGHT OLIVIER , ABRIL SÍLVIA , CERDÁ XIM , ANGULO ELENA 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
One of the main traits of invasive ants is the formation of supercolonies, large networks of polygynous nests lacking intraspecific competition, which allows them to reach high densities that facilitate their spread. However, different supercolonies exhibit different success in expanding along the world. Here, we explore whether the main chemical defensive compound of the Argentine ant could play a role in the differential invasiveness of supercolonies. We assessed differences in the amount of iridomyrmecin among supercolonies in the native range and in three invasive supercolonies: the Main supercolony (the most extended worldwide), and the Corsican and the Catalonian supercolonies (both with a restricted local distribution in Europe). We found that even if the amount of iridomyrmecin varied greatly between invaded regions in the three supercolonies in Europe and the native supercolonies in South America, the differences did not seem related to the success of invasion. The amount of iridomyrmecin of the Main supercolony was the lowest while the highest corresponded to the Corsican supercolony, with the Catalonian having intermediate values. This suggests that the success of a given invasive supercolony may not be explained by higher quantities of this defensive compound. Alternatively, reducing iridomyrmecin quantities in the invasive range could lead to more investment in other fitness traits that increase the invader's competitive ability. Our results open the way for exploring the contribution of defensive compounds in the competitive ability and spread of this global invader.
Estimation of the Magnitude of People Who Inject Drugs in Hawassa, Ethiopia: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Deyessa Negussie , Senbete Bekele , Abdo Aman , Mundia Bernard M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: - Injecting drug use contributes substantially to developing the HIV pandemic in many developing countries. Due to the hidden nature and stigma of the issue, it didn’t prove easy to investigate using regular surveys. Therefore, this research pursues to determine the magnitude of individuals who inject drugs in Hawassa and explain the epidemiological and social condition of HIV among people who inject drugs.Methods: - The study used rapid assessment methods and the combined method of estimating population, by nomination and multiplier methods, using two datasets. The first was the proportion of people who use service within a year as a multiplier. The second was a list of individuals with a condition who utilized a particular health service within a year as a benchmark. The rapid assessment included qualitative methods to extract information relevant to enumeration cites, selection of first seeds as data sources. The study made a simple description of the study subjects to yield socio-demographics and behaviours related to HIV and other health-related problems.Results: - The study estimated a total of estimated 688 (95% CI; 502, 991) people who inject drugs, with a prevalence of 266 per 100,000 people. The study found that people who inject drugs were more young age, male gender. They also lived in lower educational status, were unmarried, and living in small clerk businesses. People who inject drugs and have taken part in the study were more likely to use additional substances like alcohol, khat, and other hard substances like cannabis. The most common form of drug used was Cocaine (83.3%). Most of the PWIDs were sexually active with regular (50.3%) and casual partners (884.6%). They claimed to involve in risky sexual behavior. Conclusion and recommendation:- A significant number of people who inject drugs are available in Hawassa. Lack of assistance in harm reduction in the city has rendered PWIDs vulnerable and at greater risk for HIV/ AIDS. Therefore, the Ministry of Health and other relevant authorities have to start implementing the WHO’s nine key harm reduction measures provided by the World Health Organization.
Reversibility of Historical and Future Climate Change with a Complex Earth System Model
Authors: Yang Shili , Tian Di , Chou JieMing , Wei Ting , Zhu Xian , Dong WenJie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The reversibility of a wide range of components of the earth system was investigated by comparing forward and time-reversed historical and future simulations of a coupled earth system model known as the Beijing Normal University earth system model. Many characteristics of the climate system, including the surface temperature, ocean heat content (OHC), convective precipitation, total runoff, ground evaporation, soil moisture, sea ice extent and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, did not fully return to their initial values when the historical or future natural and anthropogenic forcing agents were reversed. The surface temperature and OHC declines lagged behind the decline in greenhouse gases (GHGs). Reverses in other variables occurred in direct response to the decline in GHGs. The sea level increased, even after all of the forces returned to the original values. Furthermore, most of the climate variables did not return to their original values because of thermal inertial. The end states of variables, other than those related to thermal storage, mainly depended on the original state of the natural and anthropogenic forces, and were unaffected by the future growth rate of the GHGs. The climate policy implication of this study is that climate change cannot be completely reversed even if all the external forces are returned to their initial values.