bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and practice of family medicine and internal medicine residents toward the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzahrani Fahad , Al Turki Yousef 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Accurate diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remain a challenge in the primary care setting. The objective was to assess GERD management's knowledge and practice and its association with the family and internal medicine residents.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study between January 2019 and September 2020 among the family and internal medicine residents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Residents answered a self-administrated questionnaire about knowledge and practices of GERD management.

Results:
A total of 596 residents were included in the current study. The average age was 26.8 ± 2.1 years, and 54.5% of the residents were males. The median knowledge score was 62.5%. The majority (89.8%) of the residents were using acid suppression drugs empirically, mainly proton-pump inhibitors (75.8%), for <8-week durations (69.7%) being taken before meals (84.7%). Frequent diagnostic testing for GERD included urea breath test (50.7%), 24-hour pH-metry/24-hour pH probe (47.3%), and upper endoscopy with biopsy (40.7%). Frequent causes for referral included gastrointestinal bleeding (82.6%), weight loss/appetite loss (82.2%), and failure of therapy (78.7%). Better knowledge was associated with older age, family medicine training, better referral practices, frequent reporting of atypical symptoms, and reading recent guidelines.

Conclusions:
We are reporting a moderate knowledge level among a group of family and internal medicine residents trained in Riyadh hospitals. Practices were generally good with some areas that need improvement, especially diagnostic testing. There is an urgent need for educational programs that target family and internal medicine residents, such as education courses that include lectures and clinical discussions with the senior staff. Also, we suggest health care organizations in Saudi Arabia establish well-structured Saudi National GERD Guidelines.
Intimate partner violence in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Al Ubaidi Basem , Tawfeeq Fatema , Ayed Huda , Hasan Sara , Alahmed Fawzeya 
Published: August 2021

Background and Objectives:
Women can experience physical abuse, mental, sexual abuse, or even controlling behavior throughout their partnership lifecycle, which must be prevented and curtailed at the early stages. Therefore, this study explores intimate partner violence (IPV) prevalence among Bahraini women, predictors of IPV, and reliability of the Women Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) questionnaire in IPV against women.

Methods:
The current prospective cross-sectional study included 810 Bahraini women meeting the inclusion criteria, who were asked to share any IPV experience witnessed during their marriage. A questionnaire comprising of 25 questions, including those of WAST-short and WAST-long, was used. The reliability of the screening tools was determined using Cronbach's alpha test.

Results:
The prevalence of IPV among Bahraini was found to be 71.11%. During pregnancy, husbands' violent behavior towards family members, relatives or friends; escalation of violence; substance abuse; general antisocial behavior; criminality and mental health issues were significantly associated with IPV (P < 0.001). Relationship problems with the husband, individual behavior of women supporting violence, and history of violence from other family members were significantly associated with abuse (P < 0.05). WAST-short was shown to have a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 18.8%. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the full questionnaire, WAST-short and WAST-long were 0.82, 0.76, and 0.84, respectively.

Conclusion:
Determination of IPV is an outcome of the victim and abuser's psychosocial behaviors, and WAST-short must be complemented with WAST-long for accurate findings. Concerted efforts towards anger management and rehabilitation of the victim and abuser are imperative to end the IPV cycle.
Awareness about brain death and attitude towards organ donation in a rural area of Haryana, India
Authors: Misra Puneet , Malhotra Sumit , Sharma Nitika , Misra M.C. , Vij Arti , Pandav C.S. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Awareness about brain death influences organ donation behaviour of community. There is huge gap in the demand and availability of organs in India. This study was carried out with the objective of assessing awareness about brain death and attitude towards organ donation in a rural community.

Material and Methods:
A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among 1050 adults in a rural area of district Faridabad, Haryana. Data were collected through a pre-tested interview schedule and analysed using SPSS v17.

Results:
80% of the study participants had heard about organ donation. Among them, about 40% were aware of brain death. Majority of the study participants (71.5%) were willing to donate organ irrespective of circumstances. Totally, 94.6% participants had the perspective that special facility should be there for organ donors and their families. Awareness was significantly more among men and among those educated above primary level.

Conclusion:
Knowledge about brain death is crucial in convincing people into organ donation. Hence more efforts should be made to educate and make people aware about brain death and its implications for organ donation.
Empowering in-service nurses in management of viral hepatitis through Programmed Approach to Knowledge and Sensitization on Hepatitis (PRAKASH)
Authors: Bansal Akanksha , Rastogi Aayushi , Chauhan Sapna , Varshney Mohit , Prakash Arun , Kumar Ashish , Syed Sabin 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Nursing fraternity are at an increased risk of acquiring hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections mainly attributable to occupational risk and close contact with the patients while treatment. However, unawareness and negligence about the severity, mode of transmission and preventive measures about the disease can further predispose the nursing fraternity to a higher risk of infection. To overcome these lacunae in knowledge, a training program named Project PRAKASH was initiated for in-service nurses across the country. The objective of the program was to impart up-to-date knowledge to the nursing professionals in the management of viral hepatitis and to assess the effectiveness of the training program through pre-post-knowledge assessment survey.

Methodology:
One-day training program titled 'Hepatitis Induction Program' was conducted for a period of 2 years (2018-2020) among nursing professionals. It was accompanied by administration of 54-item knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) questionnaire with four sections: demographic details, knowledge (30 items), attitude (11 items) and practice (13 items), followed by post-knowledge assessment. An Impact Assessment Survey (IAS) was also administered to assess the change in attitude and practice among 10% of the attendees, at least 6 months post training.

Result:
A total of 32 one-day training programmes were organised which witnessed the training of 5,253 nursing professionals from 292 institutions across 12 states. A data of 4,474 participants were included in the final analysis: improvement in the knowledge score was significant (P-value < 0.001) with mean knowledge score of 19.3 ± 4.4 in pre-test and 25.7 ± 3.9 in the post-test.

Conclusion:
The one-day training resulted in improvement of knowledge and significant changes in the attitude and practices of the nursing professionals.
Characterization of potentially inappropriate medication prescriptions for the elderly in primary care and hospital settings
Authors: Yasky Adel F. , Zawawi Alia H. 
Published: August 2021

Background:Polypharmacy cannot be defined numerically due to its varied definitions, and inclusion of comorbidities aggravates the dilemma, creating challenges for the healthcare system and the patients' course of treatment. The introduction of the potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) list developed by the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) (AGS Beers Criteria®; updated in 2019) was deemed a solution. However, several risk factors are associated with PIMs, including increased emergency room visits, hospitalization and mortality, and a decline in daily activity. Differences in PIM prescription rates have been reported; however, with the recent Beers criteria update, the number of patients exposed to PIMs is expected to increase significantly due to the addition of new medications to the list.Objectives:This study aimed to describe the characteristics of PIM prescriptions for the elderly in primary care and hospital settings.Methods:Medications for elderly patients prescribed in our hospital between 2016 and 2019 were reviewed and sorted based on Beers criteria to identify patients with the most PIMs. Correlations were made between gender and facility.Results:This study included 40,168 patients (51% males). The total and average numbers of PIM per elderly patient were 260,753 and 6.5, respectively. Proton pump inhibitors were prescribed the most, followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.Conclusions:We found that increasing numbers of PIMs are prescribed to the elderly in our healthcare facilities. Therefore, further recommendations from local geriatric communities and the implementation of reminders for physicians through electronic prescription systems are needed to decrease the rate of prescribed PIMs.
Diagnostic Efficacy of BRAFV600E Immunocytochemistry in Thyroid Aspirates in Bethesda Category IV and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Anand Nidhi , Agrawal Tushar , Gupta Anurag , Shukla Saumya , Pradhan Roma , Husain Nuzhat 
Published: August 2021

Background:
In papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), BRAFV600E is a common mutation and is associated with aggressive clinical behaviour. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and molecular testing are recommended in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology 2017 (TBSRTC) category III, IV and V.

Aims:
The current study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of conventional FNAC versus FNAC with BRAFV600E immunostaining in cases of TBSRTC category IV, cases of suspicious for PTC and cases of PTC.

Methods and Material:
The study included a prospective case series of 45 patients with clinically palpable thyroid nodules with TBSRTC category IV, category V (suspicious for PTC) and PTC. The corresponding histology specimens of all the 45 cases were also analyzed. Immunostaining for BRAFV600E was performed on FNAC cell blocks and their corresponding histology sections using anti-BRAF (VE1) clone (Ventana). The diagnostic efficacy of the BRAFV600E immunostaining was compared on cytological specimens with histological specimens

Results:
BRAFV600E immunostaining helped to improve the sensitivity of the cytology to confirm the PTC as a diagnostic aid for thyroid FNAs. Cytology alone had a sensitivity of 62.96% and a lower specificity of 60.70%. The combination of both the tests together provided 84.62% sensitivity and much higher specificity of 100%. PPV was also increased to 100% and NPV was raised 94.12%.

Conclusions:
The performance of BRAFV600E immunostaining on the cytological specimen is a rapid, simple and cost-effective test and could be considered in TBSRTC category IV and suspicious and malignant cases of PTC.
Categorization of Breast Fine Needle Aspirates Using the International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System Along with Assessment of Risk of Malignancy and Diagnostic Accuracy in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Ahuja Sana , Malviya Avneesh 
Published: August 2021

Context:
The International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System has developed a standardized system of reporting breast cytology by classifying them into five categories – insufficient, benign, atypical, suspicious, and malignant. Numerous studies conducted at different centers are required to confirm the risk of malignancy of the different categories.

Aims:
The main objectives of our study were to classify breast fine needle aspirates according to the IAC Yokohama system and assess the risk of malignancy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy.

Settings and Design:
It was a retrospective study done over a period of 2 years from January 2018 to December 2020.

Materials and Methods:
All breast FNAs done in the above period were retrieved and classified into five categories according to the Yokohama system. Histopathological diagnosis was also retrieved wherever available.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Using a histopathological diagnosis as the gold standard, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated. For each of the five categories, the risk of malignancy was also assessed.

Results:
Out of the 554 breast fine needle aspirates, 242 had histopathological correlation. The risk of malignancy for insufficient, benign, atypical, suspicious, and malignant categories were 5%, 1.5%, 17.4%, 81.8%, and 100%, respectively. Maximum sensitivity (97.2%) was achieved when atypical, suspicious, and malignant cases were considered as positive test results. The highest specificity (100%) was observed when only malignant cases were considered as positive test results, whereas maximum diagnostic accuracy (96.4%) was noted when the malignant and suspicious category was included in positive test results.

Conclusion:
The IAC Yokohama system is an excellent system for accurately diagnosing breast fine needle aspirates with greater reproducibility of reports and better communication between the pathologist and clinician.
Assessment of Reasons of Parents' Refusal to Vaccinate Their Children
Authors: Jokubauskaitė Greta , Galdikienė Nijolė 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Parents who do not have enough knowledge and scientifically based information about vaccines, their benefits and harms lead to the wrong approach to vaccination, they are beginning to question the usefulness of vaccines and it is necessary and completely refusing to vaccinate children so that there could be possible consequences.
Research aim. To evaluate the reasons for parents refusing to vaccinate their children and possible consequences.
Research methods. The study was performed using a quantitative descriptive research method. The study participants were parents (n = 394) who refused to vaccinate their children with at least one vaccine from the recommended pediatric preventive vaccination calendar.
Results. The results of the study revealed that parents are aware of preventive vaccinations against infectious diseases, but only a third agree that preventive vaccinations are the main way to protect against infectious diseases. Usually, parents do not vaccinate their child for fear of vaccine complications; through an intensive vaccination calendar; due to excessive components in vaccines; because the child's immunity in the event of an infectious disease is better than that acquired after vaccination; vaccinations can cause certain additional diseases and parents believe that vaccines are a way for companies to make money.
Conclusions. False information about the safety of vaccines in the media and on the Internet has a major influence on parents' decision to vaccinate their children. Due to insufficient information available and the wrong attitude about vaccination parents tend not to trust the benefits of vaccination. The main reasons why parents refuse to vaccinate their children are fears about vaccine complications and side effects, an over-intensive vaccination schedule, and the amount and impact of vaccine ingredients.
Pengaruh Kebiasaan Membaca di Media Online terhadap Penguasaan Kosakata Selama Pembelajaran Online
Authors: Hastuti Dwi Puji , Pratama Rizky Mirani Desi 
Published: August 2021

Virus Covid-19 telah menyebar di Indonesia yang menyebabkan seluruh proses belajar mengajar berubah dari pembelajaran langsung menjadi pembelajaran online. Pembelajaran menggunakan media online menuntut siswa untuk meningkatkan kemandirian belajarnya terutama kebiasaan membaca dan penguasaan kosakata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kebiasaan membaca di media online terhadap penguasaan kosakata selama pembelajaran online. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari mahasiswa semester tiga program studi Bahasa Inggris di Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dengan menggunakan kuesioner sebanyak 20 pertanyaan pilihan ganda yang terdiri dari 10 pertanyaan mengenai variabel kebiasaan membaca dan 10 pertanyaan mengenai variabel penguasaan kosakata. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 30 responden dengan menggunakan uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi sederhana, analisis korelasi, koefisien determinasi dan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji-t dan uji-F dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebiasaan membaca di media online berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penguasaan kosakata bahasa Inggris selama pembelajaran online, dengan demikian hipotesis diterima. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut membuktikan bahwa kebiasaan membaca di media online berpengaruh terhadap penguasaan kosakata. Hipotesis alternatif diterima dan hipotesis nol ditolak. Koefisien determinasi variabel kebiasaan membaca di media online melalui penguasaan kosakata sebesar 59,4% dan sisanya sebesar 40,6% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain.
ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM AO PACIENTE POLITRAUMATIZADO EM EMERGÊNCIA HOSPITALAR: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Authors: Silva Melo Dayane Maria da , Oliveira Andrea Oliveira da Silva , Nogueira Simone Maria , Bruno Manoel de Andrade  , Jessica Sena Lobo Penaforte  , Santana Filipe Almeida de , Laís de Carvalho Santos Bezerra  , Douglas Henrique da Silva Ferreira  , Wanuska Monique Portugal  , Giselda Bezerra Correia Neves  
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Identificar a assistência de enfermagem ao paciente politraumatizado no ambiente hospitalar de emergência. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, realizada a partir da análise de artigos científicos. Foi realizado um levantamento nas bases de dados: BDENF-BIREME, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), utilizando cruzamento dos Descritores de Ciências da Saúde (Decs): “Traumatismo Múltiplo”, “Emergências”, “Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência” e “Cuidados de Enfermagem” e operador booleano “AND”. Utilizou-se como critérios de inclusão: artigos publicados nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, sem restrição de país e tempo de publicação. Sendo excluídos os estudos publicados no formato teses, monografias, dissertações, relato de caso e resumos de congresso; artigos indisponíveis na íntegra e aqueles que não abordavam a temática proposta. Resultados: Foram selecionados 18 estudos para análise. A discussão dos artigos foi categorizada em 3 temas: dinâmica do trauma; atendimento à vítima de trauma; assistência de enfermagem ao paciente politraumatizado. Observou-se a necessidade de uma assistência padronizada e conhecimento do ABCDE do trauma para o atendimento inicial da vítima seja realizado em tempo ágil, de maneira correta, de forma integral e humanizada. Considerações: A vítima de múltiplos traumas requer cuidados iniciais específicos. Dessa forma, o enfermeiro deve possuir conhecimento técnico-científico e conhecimento do Processo de Enfermagem, pois é considerado um dos principais profissionais responsáveis pelo atendimento inicial, o cuidado e a manutenção da vida do paciente politraumatizado.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Traumatismo múltiplo. Emergências. Serviço hospitalar de emergência. Cuidados de enfermagem.
A Field Study of Atmospheric Corrosion of Carbon Steel after Short Exposure in Pelabuhan Ratu, West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: PRIYOTOMO Gadang , PRIFIHARNI Siska , NURAINI Lutviasari , TRIWARDONO Joko , ROYANI Ahmad , Sundjono Sundjono , PURAWIARDI Ibrahim , GUNAWAN Hadi 
Published: August 2021

The investigation of atmospheric corrosion of mild carbon steel as representative of offshore infrastructure has been carried out in the marine tropical of Pelabuhan Ratu, West Java, Indonesia. They are exposed up to 76 days of periods, and their corrosion rates are determined according to ASTM G1-03. The surface morphology, the elemental compositions and compounds were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The environmental parameters of the test site are monitored during exposure, such as air temperature, relative humidity (RH), airborne salinity and dew temperature. Based on the results, the corrosion rates of steels were 2.79 and 2.8 mpy within the 27 and 76 days exposures, respectively. The presence of chloride deposition on the surface of steel can increase the severity of corrosion. Moreover, the detrimental effect of chloride was observed in rust product, which was covered by an oxygen element. The main phases of rust products present were magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (α-Fe2O3.H2O). Several cracks were observed in the rust layer, which tended to exfoliate and lose adherence and protectiveness from further corrosion attack.
HIGHLIGHTS

The presence of chloride deposition on the surface of steel can increase the severity of corrosion.
The severity of corrosion attack mainly depends on the exposure time and some climatic parameters, such as relative humidity (RH), air temperature and chloride airborne.
The uniform distribution of the chloride tends to increase the production of ferrous chloride in high RH condition and the aqueous layer deposited on carbon steel.
There are two phases on corroded carbon steel such as hematite (α-Fe2O3.H2O) and Magnetite (Fe3O4) after exposure

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Kijkgedrag van kinderen en hun angstreacties op televisienieuws: een surveystudie
Authors: Ebbinkhuijsen Ming , Daalmans Serena , Kleemans Mariska 
Published: August 2021

SamenvattingOm een actueel beeld te krijgen van angstreacties van kinderen op het NOS Jeugdjournaal is een survey afgenomen onder 892 kinderen (9-12 jaar). Bijna alle participanten (94.5%) kijken regelmatig naar het NOS Jeugdjournaal. Het merendeel van deze kinderen ervaart angstreacties door dit nieuws, maar gemiddeld worden ze slechts een klein beetje bang. Vooral meisjes en jongere kinderen lijken kwetsbaarder voor angstaanjagende nieuwsinhoud.
Mediakritiek of anti-journalistiek?
Authors: De Mulder August , Paulussen Steve 
Published: August 2021

SamenvattingPolitici verwijzen in hun tweets vaak naar de media. Dergelijke mediaverwijzingen gaan soms gepaard met mediakritiek. Een inhoudsanalyse van tweets van Vlaamse politici toont dat zij de media geregeld bekritiseren, al zijn er verschillen tussen partijen. Populistische mediakritiek of ‘anti-journalistiek’ is hierbij eerder zeldzaam, behalve bij het extreemrechtse Vlaams Belang en bij sommige politici van de Vlaams-nationalistische partij N-VA.
Een experimenteel onderzoek met het gebruik van eyetracking-technologie naar de rol van aandacht in de verwerking van sociale advertenties door jongeren
Authors: Holvoet Sanne , Hudders Liselot , Herrewijn Laura 
Published: August 2021

Samenvatting
Dit experiment bij 171 Vlaamse jongeren (11-15 jaar) onderzoekt door middel van eyetracking-technologie hoeveel aandacht zij besteden aan sociale advertenties die worden aanbevolen door hun beste vrienden. Daarnaast wordt onderzocht in welke mate dit hun reclameverwerking en merkattitudes beïnvloedt, rekening houdend met de rol van positieve en negatieve reacties op de advertenties in het proces van attitudevorming.