bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Response of Migratory Guilds of Birds to Urbanization
Authors: Murphy Michael T. , Bailey David C. , Lichti Nathanael I. , Roberts Laura A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Species richness and density of native fauna in urban parks and greenspaces (“parks”) is often lower than in surrounding areas. Understanding the causes of these differences requires a hierarchical approach that integrates factors across multiple scales. In 2003 we surveyed bird communities in 48 forested parks in Portland, Oregon, USA, to identify the relative contributions of park size, shape, and connectivity, landscape composition, and variation in local habitat to differences in richness and density of long-distance migrant, short-distance/partial migrant, and resident birds. All surveyed parks contained highly structured understories comprised primarily of native vegetation and lacked development beyond trails. The bird guilds responded differently to environmental factors. Richness and density of long-distance migrants increased with park area and the abundance of small, mostly native, tree species. Resident species richness also increased with the abundance of small trees. Richness of residents and short-distance migrants was independent of park area, and resident density declined with increasing park area. Park shape, connectivity, and landscape composition did not contribute to differences in richness or density of different migratory guilds. Most long-distance migrants were forest-dependent species. An analysis of all forest-dependent species of all migratory guilds suggested that few exist in parks below 10 ha, and minimum area requirements for maintaining populations of forest-dependent species are estimated to be 30 to 40 ha. Without such parks most long-distance migrants would likely disappear from Portland’s landscape.
Tailoring Career Ladders for Medical Assistants in Primary Care: A Qualitative Assessment
Authors: Vilendrer Stacie , Amano Alexis , Johnson Cati Brown , Morrison Timothy , Asch Steve 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Growing demand for medical assistants (MAs) in team-based primary care has led health systems to explore career ladders as one solution to improve MA recruitment and retention. The practical implementation of career ladders remains a challenge for many health systems, and an improved understanding of MA perspectives on career ladders is needed. Methods: Semi-structured focus groups were conducted August to December 2019 in primary care clinics based in three health systems in California and Utah. MA perspectives of existing career ladders, including acceptability, appropriatness and impact on career intentions were discussed, recorded, and qualitatively analyzed.Results: Ten focus groups conducted with 59 participants showed the MA employment decisions were influenced by a number of factors, with opportunities for economic and professional growth predominating. MA career aspirations varied, with “stepping stone” MAs using their role to advance into other health professions and “contented career” MAs hoping to grow within their MA career. Career ladders were acceptable in theory but MAs felt current implementations could benefit from clear and transparent expectations for advancement, consistent recognition of training, experience and work responsibilities, the ability to advance in place, and career counseling. Conclusion: MAs held positive perceptions of career ladders, yet recommended a number of improvements to their practical implementation across three institutions. The emergence of two distinct clusters of MA professional needs and desires suggests an opportunity to further optimize career ladders to provide tailored support to MAs in order to strengthen the healthcare workforce and talent pipeline.
Gender Differences and Changes in Social Participation Among the Elderly in Japan During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Goto Ryohei , Ozone Sachiko , Kawada Shogo , Yokoya Shoji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: It has been recognized that keeping relationships with society and other people, such as through social participation, is important to maintaining health in the elderly. We aimed to determine changes in the social participation of the elderly from before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to compare differences in this status by gender.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey in a single city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. The questionnaires were sent by mail to 3,000 people aged 65 to 85 years randomly selected by the administrative staff of the city. Responses were obtained on the basic attributes of the participants (age, gender, working status, residential status), as well as their economic status, daily physical activity, and social participation status at three time points: (1) before the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020; (2) immediately prior to the declaration of a state of emergency in April 2020; and (3) one year after (1), namely January 2021.Results: A total of 1,301 people responded to the survey. Mean age was 73.3 (SD 5.5) years, and 690 (53.0%) were female. Significant gender differences were seen in living alone, currently working, and amount of physical activity. The number of people reporting social participation gradually decreased, from 543 respondents (41.7%) at (1), 319 (24.5%) at (2) and 251 (19.3%) at (3). On comparison by gender, a significant difference in social participation status was seen at (1), but not at (2) or (3).Conclusions: The percentage of social participation among elderly decreased during the pandemic. The rate of decrease was particularly large among women.
Is Oral Sulfate Tablet Effective and Safe for Bowel Preparation Before Colonoscopy in Elderly People 65 Years of Age and Older?
Authors: Kim Jae Hyun , Park Yong Eun , Kim Tae Oh , Park Jongha , Moon Won , Park Seun Ja 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Recently, a novel oral sulfate tablet (OST) has been introduced for bowel preparation before colonoscopy. However, whether elderly patients can take OST is not yet clear, as OST consists of 28 tablets. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of OST and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for bowel preparation for colonoscopy according to age.
Method:

We randomly divided subjects into a OST group and a PEG group and compared Boston bowel preparation score (BBPS), bubble score, patient compliance and satisfaction, and safety between the two groups according to age (under 65 years of age vs. 65 years of age and older).
Results

Among the 179 participants, sixty-one were 65 years of age and older. The BBPS and bubble score of the OST group were better than that of the PEG group, regardless of age. The satisfaction of the OST group was better than that the PEG group, regardless of age. The compliance was not different between the two groups, however, the OST group under 65 years of age had a higher rate of completing the dose within 2 h compared with the PEG group under 65 years of age. Adverse events including abdominal distension, abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting were not different between the two groups.
Conclusion

The use of OST for bowel preparation before colonoscopy is as effective and safe as PEG, and these results were consistent in elderly people 65 years of age and older.
The construction And Analysis of ceRNET And Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells In The Prognosis of Colon Cancer
Authors: Luo Mingqiu , Huang Chengzhi , Yi Hui , Wang Minjia , Liang Zongyu , Hu Yong , Wang Muqing , Yao Xiaoya , Zhao Haibi , Feng Xingyu , Wang Junjiang , Yao Xueqing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The incidence of colon cancer is at the forefront of all cancers and poses great concerns for humans. Colon cancer is becoming more prevalent in young adults and therefore it is vital to find specific molecular markers for prognosis. This study aims to explore multidimensional prognostic targets of colon cancer from the perspective of the ceRNET and immune- infiltrating tumor cells. Results: The lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA proﬁles and clinical data were downloaded from TCGA-COAD and 206 differential expression lncRNAs ,352 differential expression miRNAs and 2995 differential expression mRNAs were screened out. Interactions between miRNA–mRNA pairs and lncRNA–miRNA pairs were obtained in differentially expressed molecules through the Starbase database, thus constructing ceRNET. The relative content of 22 kinds of immune cells in COAD was estimated by “Cell type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT)” algorithm. To predict the prognosis of colon cancer patients based on meaningful ceRNET or immune cells, two nomograms were constructed respectively. NRG1 had significant prognostic value(p=0.008) and was found to be highly correlated with Macrophages M1 (p = 6.5e−06) after co-expression analysis. In addition, there were two pairs of biomarkers that could affect the prognosis of colon cancer: Dendritic cells resting and UST (p =0.0012) and B cells naive and LINC00894 (p = 0.017). Finally, we found that MALAT1- NRG1 - has-miR-200c-3p and Macrophages M1 axis may have important prognostic significance for colon cancer. Conclusions: In this research,we constructed ceRNET according to differential lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in the colon cancer and found ceRNAs and tumor-inﬁltrating immune cells valuable for colon cancer prognosis.
Costimulatory Molecule Expression Profile as a Biomarker to Predict Prognosis and Chemotherapy Response for Patients With Small-cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhihui , Wu Peng , Yang Zhaoyang , Zhang Chaoqi , Luo Yuejun , Zhang Guochao , Wang Lide , Xue Qi , Sun Nan , He Jie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the deadliest pathological subtype of lung cancer with few precise treatment options. Owing to the paucity of specimens, progress in identifying prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers for SCLC has been stagnant for decades. Considering the costimulatory molecules are essential elements in modulating anti-tumor immune responses and determining therapeutic response, we decided to conduct a comprehensive analyses of costimulatory molecule expression profile with regard to prognosis and chemotherapy response for SCLCs for the first time. Methods: We systematically explored the molecular characteristics and clinical relevance of costimulatory molecules in SCLC. Using a univariate Cox and LASSO Cox model, we then constructed a molecule-based signature (CMS) based on our examination of 208 cases with SCLC from two different cohorts—including an independent cohort that contained 131 cases with qPCR data, to predict the outcome and chemotherapy response for SCLCs. Relationships between the CMS and adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) benefits and inflammatory landscape were also evaluated.Results: We found T cell activation was restrained in SCLCs, and costimulatory molecules exhibited widespread abnormal genetic alterations and expression. Then, the CMS containing 7 molecules (ICOSLG, EDA2R, TNFRSF25, CD276, RELT, PDCD1, and TNFSF14) was built with a training cohort of 77 cases, which successfully divided patients into high- or low-risk groups with significantly different prognosis and chemotherapy benefit (both P<0.001). The CMS was well validated in the independent cohort with qPCR data. ROC and C-index analysis confirmed the superior predictive performance of the CMS in comparison with other clinicopathological parameters from different cohorts. Importantly, the CMS was confirmed as a significantly independent prognosticator for clinical outcomes and chemotherapy response in SCLCs through multivariate Cox analysis. Further analysis revealed that low-risk patients were characteristic by an activated immune phenotype with distinct expression of immune checkpoints.Conclusions: We firstly uncovered the expression heterogeneity of costimulatory molecules in SCLC, and successfully constructed a novel predictive CMS. The identified signature contributed to more accurate patient stratification and provided robust prognostic value in estimating survival and the clinical response to chemotherapy, allowing optimization of treatment and prognosis management for patients with SCLC.
The Work Competence of General Practitioners Working in Shanghai’s Community Health Services: A Cross-Sectional Study based on Self-assessment
Authors: Wang Tianhao , Ru Xueying , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Xiangjie , Gong Jian , Lao Limin , Gao Junling , Pan Zhigang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the work competence of GPs in community health services(CHS) in Shanghai, China. Methods: A questionnaire was designed on the basis of a previous capacity evaluation indicator system. We adopted a stratified and proportional cluster sampling method in this self-assessment and cross-sectional study. We collected data on GPs demographic variables and work competence which was separated as patient care ability, teaching ability, communication skill and coordination ability, using the questionnaire. Results: A total of 2954 GPs were sampled from 116 CHS in Shanghai. The median score of patient care ability, teaching ability, communication skill and coordination ability were 80[70-88.75], 76[60-80] and 80[70-85] on a scale of 100, respectively. GPs who were 30-39 years old, worked in urban CHS, and participated in GP trainer’s training or had teaching experience got higher scores in patient care ability. GPs who worked for 5-20 years in CHS, worked in training CHSs and participated in GP trainer’s training program had higher scores in teaching ability. As for communication skill and coordination ability, GPs who were older than 30-39 years old and with a senior professional title, worked in training CHS, participated in GP trainer’s training and had teaching experiences in CHS got higher scores. Conclusions: The work competence of GPs in Shanghai’s CHS largely meets the requirements of daily practice, but there is still great improving space in the aspect of teaching ability.
Interpersonal Predictors of Loneliness in Children : Variable- and Person-Centered Approaches
Authors: Nishimura Takuma , Murakami Tatsuya , Sakurai Shigeo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present study investigates potential interpersonal predictors of loneliness among late elementary school-aged children using variable-centered (hierarchical linear modeling; HLM) and person-centered (mover-stayer latent transition analysis) approaches. A total of 1,088 students (531 boys, 557 girls, Mage = 10.35, the age range was 9 - 11) participated in a one-year survey. The results of the HLM revealed that victimization and relational aggression were positively correlated with loneliness, while positive peer relations were negatively correlated with loneliness. The mover-stayer analysis, however, showed that higher positive peer relations, lower victimization, and lower relational aggression do not necessarily relate to lower loneliness. Instead, the analysis only supported the findings in the inverse direction in which lower positive peer relations, higher victimization, and higher relational aggression are predictors of higher loneliness. We discuss a significance of a combination approach for sounding an alarm over-dependence on the variable-centered approaches dominating child research and concluded the precautionary approach preventing the experience of loneliness, rather than reducing loneliness, is important for children in school education.
WITHDRAWN: Modified Borden Grading System For Cranial And Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas In Neuroendovsacular Era
Authors: Lv Xianli , Zhu Ke , Wang Jiangdian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective:Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) is a complex condition in neurovascular surgery. Many DAVF classifications have been reported and have changed over time in the literatures. The purposes of this study was to propose a practical and easy-to-follow grading system for DAVFs.Methods: From a retrospective analysis of our database, 143 DAVF patients were consecutively collected. Patients were grouped into modified Borden types I, II and III. Patients’ characteristics, treatment and outcomes were analyzed between 3 types. Patients’ pre-treatment status(pre-mRS) were analyzed between Borden, Cognard and modified Borden grading systems. Results:Male and non-sinus locations were statistically significantly correlated with the type III DAVF type (p<0.001). More than 3 pedical suppliers and pial arterial suppliers were associated with high grade (type II and III) DAVFs(p=0.003). Worse symptoms were present in most type II and type III patients(p<0.001). Type III DAVF was associated with TAE and type II DAVF was associated with TVE treatment modalities(p<0.001). The results of one-way ANOVA indicated that pre-mRS was significantly different within modified Borden types and Cognard types (p = 4.3×10-6 and p = 1×10-4, respectively). In terms of pre-mRS, patients were not separated well using Cognard grading systems.Conclusions: A modified grading system of cerebral and spinal DAVFs was promoted according to understanding of angioarchitectures in order to evaluate risk of DAVFs and guide the therapies of these lesions. The modified Borden grading system was informative by providing an effective assessment for the risk of patients with simple but precise results.
The Scale, Logic and Structure of Intra-urban Place Communities Based on Place Niche Theory
Authors: Xie Yang , Zhang Jie , Chen Xiao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Spatial agglomeration phenomena on the earth's surface permeate in various fields of the natural and human world, yet their researches in human society are relatively few with the focus mainly on the economic concept of "industrial clusters". Precise quantitative descriptions, in-depth logical analyses and overall systematic explanations are lacked in various intra-urban spatial agglomeration phenomena. Using over 10 million POIs in the mainland China, 18 grid network models of 9 grid scales based on two kinds of spatial relationships (co-location/adjacent) are constructed in this article. 23 typical place communities are extracted based on complex network analysis, and four types including 11 sub-categories of agglomeration patterns are summarized. Drawing on the concept of "ecological niche", we further propose the theory of "place niche" and analyze the logic and structure of intra-urban place communities within its framework. This study extends the spatial scales and dominating factors of the agglomeration phenomenon research.
Effect of Feeding Insoluble Fibre On The Microbiome And Metabolites of The Caecum And Faeces of Rabbits Recovering From Epizootic Rabbit Enteropathy Relative To Non-Infected Animals
Authors: Puón-Peláez Xiao-Haitzi Daniel , McEwan Neil Ross , Álvarez-Martínez Roberto Carlos , Mariscal-Landín Gerardo , Nava-Morales Gerardo Manuel , Mosqueda Juan Joel , Olvera-Ramírez Andrea Margarita 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background:This study aimed to investigate the effect of feeding insoluble fibre on the microbiome and metabolites of the caecum and faeces of rabbits recovering from epizootic rabbit enteropathy relative to non-infected animals.Methods:Animals which had either recovered from epizootic rabbit enteropathy, or ones which had never had epizootic rabbit enteropathy were fed on a diet of 32% or 36% neutral detergent fibre until they were 70 days of age. At this point short chain fatty acid and ammonia levels were measured in caecotroph and faecal samples and compared using 2x2 ANOVA. The microbial composition of the samples was also analysed using next generation sequencing and compared by PERMANOVA.Results:Caecotrophic samples from previously affected animals on lower fibre diets had higher short chain fatty acid content and higher species diversity index values for some indices (P<0.05), although faecal samples showed lower species diversity levels (P<0.05). In addition, PERMANOVA analyses demonstrated that differences were detected in the microbial composition of both faecal and caecotrophic samples depending on the disease status at the outset of the experiment (P<0.05).Conclusions:The results of this work show that although there is some potential in the use of high fibre diets for treatment of animals which have had epizootic rabbit enteropathy, they are not able to produce the same digestive tract properties as those seen in animals which have never had the condition. This is true even after animals have recovered from epizootic rabbit enteropathy.
Metabolism-associated Molecular Classiﬁcation of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Dong Meng , Li Hao , Zhang Xue , Tan Jichun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective：Metabolic processes play an important role in cervical cancer. Here, we explored metabolic abnormalities in cervical cancer by analysing somatic mutations, copy number variations, and relationships with clinical parameters based on metabolism-related genes in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC). Methods：Metabolism related genes were downloaded from Fluxer database. First, we analysed the impact of mutations and copy number changes of metabolism-related genes on CESC. Secondly, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used for analysing the potential functions of metabolism related genes. Results：We identified 3620 metabolism-related genes in CESC; 2493 genes contained related mutations. Among these genes, 15 were related to the prognosis of CESC. In addition, eight pairs of genes showed a co-occurrence relationship. Moreover, the inter-occurrence of three genes (CUBN-KALRN-HERC1) was related to the prognosis of CESC. Furthermore, we found that metabolism-related tumour mutation burden (TMB) and fraction genome altered (FGA) is closely related to CESC. In the expression analysis, 374 genes were related to the occurrence and prognosis of CESC. We then identified four metabolic pathway modules in WGCNA. Further analysis revealed that glycolysis/gluconeogenesis is related to endothelial cells and that the arachidonic acid metabolism module is related to cell proliferation. At the same time, these four modules were determined to be related to the prognosis of CESC. Finally, among CESC-related metabolic genes, we found that two might be regulated by miRNA and methylation. Two genes could thus be co-regulated by miRNA and mutation.Conclusions: Among metabolism-related genes, 15 genes are related to the prognosis of CESC. The inter-occurrence of the three genes of CUBN-KALRN-HERC1 is related to the prognosis of CESC. Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis is related to endothelial cells, and arachidonic acid metabolism module is related to cell proliferation.
Scan From the Sky: A Path Planning Method with Perception Optimization for UAVs
Authors: Yuan Songhe , Ota Kaoru , Zhao Jianghai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are frequently adopted in disaster management. The vision they provided is extremelyvaluable for rescuers. However, they face severe problems in their stability in actual disaster scenarios, as the images captured by theon-board sensors cannot consistently give enough information for deep learning models to make accurate decisions. In many cases,UAVs have to capture multiple images from different views to output final recognition results. In this paper, we desire to formulate the flypath task for UAVs, considering the actual perception needs. A new convolutional neural network (CNN) model is proposed to detectand localize the objects, such as the buildings, as well as an optimization method to find the optimal flying path to accutately recognizeas many as possible objects with a minimum time cost. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective andefficient, and can well address the actual scene understanding and path planning problems for UAVs in the real world.