bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The B‐APNEIC score: distilling the STOP‐Bang questionnaire to identify patients at high risk for severe obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Morinigo R. , Quraishi S. A. , Ewing S. , Azocar R. J. , Schumann R. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe STOP‐Bang questionnaire is an established clinical screening tool to identify the risk of having mild, moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnoea using eight variables. It is unclear whether all eight variables contribute equally to the risk of clinically significant obstructive sleep apnoea. We analysed each variable for its contribution to detecting obstructive sleep apnoea; based on the results, we investigated whether the STOP‐Bang questionnaire could be abbreviated to identify patients at high risk for severe obstructive sleep apnoea. We recruited patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnoea who were referred for overnight polysomnography. We used multivariable logistic regression to investigate the association of STOP‐Bang parameters with severe obstructive sleep apnoea based on clinical and polysomnography data. Regression estimates were used to select variables to create the novel B‐APNEIC score. We constructed receiver operating characteristic curves for the STOP‐Bang questionnaire and B‐APNEIC scores to identify patients with severe obstructive sleep apnoea and compared the areas under the curve using the DeLong method. Of the 275 patients enrolled, 32% (n = 88) had severe obstructive sleep apnoea. Logistic regression demonstrated that neck circumference (OR 2.20; 95%CI 1.10–4.40, p = 0.03) was the only variable independently associated with severe obstructive sleep apnoea. Observed apnoea during sleep, blood pressure and body mass index were the three next most closely trending predictors of severe obstructive sleep apnoea and were included along with neck circumference in the B‐APNEIC score. Receiver operating curves demonstrated that the areas under the curve for STOP‐Bang vs. B‐APNEIC were comparable for identifying patients with severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OR 0.75; 95%CI 0.68‐0.81 vs. OR 0.75; 95%CI 0.68–0.81: p = 0.99, respectively). Our results suggest that the B‐APNEIC score is a simplified adaptation of the STOP‐Bang questionnaire with equivalent effectiveness in identifying patients with severe obstructive sleep apnoea. Further studies are needed to validate and build on our findings.
Negative and positive partisans’ responses to the 2020 presidential election
Authors: Salvatore Jessica , Jones Lauren , Spence Macy , Mills Rachael , Bolling Janie , Dunlap Cora 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the wake of past U.S. Presidential elections, voters supporting the losing side have shown a social pain response. In this paper we demonstrate that these findings held again in the 2020 election, helping to confirm that it is the voting experience itself that matters (since the 2020 losing‐side voters were winning‐side voters in the previous election). In prior elections, this pattern was most evident among strong positive partisans; we report mixed support for this in the 2020 election. Using a new graphical measure of negative partisanship, we were able to compare the experiences of negative versus positive partisans. Strong negative partisanship appears to act as a ‘hedge’ by buffering voters who wind up on the losing side of an election from social pain.
Response to COVID‐19 in social welfare facilities and the psychological state of social workers in South Korea: The mediating role of satisfaction with government
Authors: Shin Sangjoon , Gim Jimin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper investigated associations between COVID‐19 responses in social welfare facilities and the psychological state of social workers together with the potential mediating role of satisfaction with the government. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, following government guidelines, social workers have continued to provide social services to the vulnerable groups. However, no research has been conducted focusing on their psychological state. A cross‐sectional survey was carried out in Incheon Metropolitan City, South Korea. Data from 332 participants were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Supplementary in‐depth interviews were conducted with social workers. Analysis results show that higher levels of preventive measures against COVID‐19 directly worsen levels of well‐being, but this negative effect is offset by the satisfaction with the government (β = .383, p < .001). In social workers, satisfaction with the government fully mediates the influence of preventive measures toward reduced negative emotionality (β = −.288, p < .001). The implications of this study suggest that the government's active response to the social welfare sector is important to alleviate the negative psychological consequences of social workers.
Effect of alloying element on microstructure, mechanical property, and oxidation resistance of Zr─Me─C (Me═Si/Y) coatings
Authors: Lei Yiming , Zhang Jie , Bai Guanghai , Zhang Yanwei , Wang Jingyang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAccident‐tolerant fuels (ATFs) are proposed to provide improved safety response to a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) scenario while maintaining good operational characteristics under normal conditions. In this work, Zr─Me─C (Me═Si or Y) was proposed as candidate coatings for ATF applications. The influence of Si and Y with varied concentration on microstructural evolution, mechanical property, and oxidation resistance of Zr─Me─C coatings were investigated. Based on combined results of X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it was found that Si or Y doped ZrC0.55 coatings presented tunable composition and microstructure. Improved air oxidation and spallation resistance were achieved with the incorporation of Me atoms, attributing to the formation of SiO2 and ZrSiO4 and/or the stabilization of zirconia. Under a simulated LOCA condition, decreased weight gains of 13.6 at.% Si and 22.5 at.% Y coated Zry‐4 alloys were achieved. nc‐ZrSiC/nc‐ZrSi (13.6 at.% Si) coating exhibited enhanced mechanical property and oxidation resistance in both high‐temperature air and LOCA conditions, which could be regarded as potential candidate for the applications in ATFs.
Detection of a novel species complex of shell‐boring polychaetes in the northeastern United States
Authors: Silverbrand Samantha J. , Lindsay Sara M. , Rawson Paul D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInfestations of commercially cultured eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) by shell‐boring spionid polychaetes are common in the northeastern United States. Historically, infestations were attributed to Polydora websteri, also known as mud‐blister worm. Among samples of shell‐boring worms sampled from eight oyster farms in northern New England (Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts), we detected P. websteri, as well as worms that were morphologically distinct from P. websteri. Using a combination of light and scanning electron microscopy, along with analysis of molecular variation at the nuclear 18S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) genes, we determined that specimens related to two other species of Polydora, Polydora onagawaensis and Polydora cornuta, were inhabiting burrows within the shells of oysters. Polydora cornuta is not recognized as a shell‐boring species and likely invades existing burrows opportunistically. Our analysis of COI sequences identified three distinct genetic lineages among specimens morphologically identified as P. cornuta; one of these lineages is much more geographically widespread than previously had been reported. Polydora onagawaensis is considered a shell‐boring species, and our article constitutes the first time this species has been documented in the Northwest Atlantic. We also provide evidence for three divergent COI genetic lineages that occur sympatrically among the specimens provisionally identified as P. onagawaensis in the northeastern United States.
Testing the association between tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and risk of periodontitis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Baumeister Sebastian‐Edgar , Freuer Dennis , Nolde Michael , Kocher Thomas , Baurecht Hansjörg , Khazaei Yeganeh , Ehmke Benjamin , Holtfreter Birte 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the associations of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption with periodontitis using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.Materials and methodsWe used 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs) for the number of cigarettes per day from a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of 337,334 individuals, 109 SNPs for a lifetime smoking index from GWAS of 462,690 participants, and 33 SNPs for the number of drinks per week from GWAS of 941,280 individuals. The periodontitis GWAS included 12,289 cases and 22,326 controls. Wald ratios were obtained by dividing the SNP–periodontitis effects by SNP–exposure effects and pooled using an inverse‐variance weighted model.ResultsGenetic liabilities for higher number of cigarettes per day (odds ratio [OR] per one standard deviation (1SD) increment = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.18–2.07, p‐value = .0018, Q‐value = .0054), lifetime smoking index (OR per 1SD = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.04–1.53, p‐value = .0161, Q‐value = .0242), and drinks per week (OR per 1SD = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.04–1.90, p‐value = .0265, Q‐value = .0265) were associated with increased odds of periodontitis. Estimates were consistent across robust and multivariable MR analyses.ConclusionsThe findings of this MR analysis suggest an association between tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption with periodontitis.
Conservation of rare wild‐living cattle Bos taurus (L.): coat colour gene illuminates breed history, and associated reproductive anomalies have not reduced herd fertility
Authors: Hall S. J. G. , Brenig B. , Ashdown R. A. , Curry M. R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCoat colour patterns are important characteristics of many cattle breeds and in some are determined by a chromosomal translocation, which can have the pleiotropic effect of testicular hypoplasia. We test the hypothesis that this variant, known as the Cs29 allele, is prevalent in the ancient Chillingham White Cattle (Bos taurus) of north‐east England. Its distribution may provide insights into breed history, and as it is associated with reproductive anomalies, we investigated the issues of subfertility in this cattle herd which are of clear relevance to its conservation. We report that the cattle are homozygous for the translocation. As it is also known in other breeds of the England‐Scotland border and northern Irish area, namely the White Galloway and Irish Moiled, and in the Northern Finncattle and Swedish Mountain, we further hypothesize a Scandinavian connection for White Galloway, Irish Moiled and Chillingham cattle. We present unpublished data showing testicular hypoplasia to be present at Chillingham. Sperm quality is also known to be very low, and the question arises as to how the highly inbred (Fis = 0.92) Chillingham cattle have continued to survive in spite of these reproductive anomalies. Surprisingly, herd fertility has not declined over the last 160 years, and in the light of behavioural data, we propose this is probably because of multiple mating, there being no castration and only welfare culling in this herd. These findings have wide relevance, particularly for breeds of conservation importance and probably for other bovine species, because male subfertility, frequent in cattle generally, could restrict the choice of bulls for representation in gene banks with consequent risk of loss of lineages. Research on heterospermic insemination or multiple mating of cattle could, therefore, be a useful complement to the development of assisted reproduction technologies for cryoconservation.
The hand‐brain‐heart connection: ICU nurses' experience of managing patient safety during COVID‐19
Authors: Lin Yongxing Patrick , Tang Charmaine Jinxiu , Tamin Vincent Aditya , Tan Lorraine Yee Ching , Chan Ee‐Yuee 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 has challenged critical care nursing through increased critical care service utilization. This may have a profound impact on intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' ability to maintain patient safety. However, the experiences of ICU nurses in managing patient safety during an infectious disease outbreak remains unexplored.Aims and objectivesTo explore ICU nurses' narratives in managing patient safety in the outbreak ICUs during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignA narrative inquiry design.MethodsA purposive sample of 18 registered nurses who practiced in the outbreak ICUs during the COVID‐19 pandemic were recruited between June and August 2020. Individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted, transcribed verbatim, and narratively analysed.ResultsFindings reviewed an overarching anatomy‐specific storyline of a ‘hand‐brain‐heart’ connection that describes nurses' experience with managing patient safety during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Firstly, stories on ‘the hands of clinical practice’ revealed how critical care nursing is practiced and adapted by ICU nurses during the pandemic. In particular, ICU nurses banded together to safeguard patient safety by practicing critical care nursing with mastery. Secondly, stories on ‘the brain of psychosocial wellness’ highlights the tumultuous impact of COVID‐19 on the nurses' psychosocial well‐being and how nurses demonstrated resilience to continually uphold patient safety during the pandemic. Lastly, stories on ‘the heart of nursing’ drew upon the nurses' intrinsic professional nursing identity and values to safeguard patient safety. Specific patient tales further boosted the nurses' commitment to render safe nursing care during the pandemic.ConclusionsThrough their stories, ICU nurses reported how they continually seek to uphold patient safety through clinical competence, resilience, and heightened nursing identity.Relevance to clinical practiceICU nurses require sustainable clinical resources and references such as clinical instructors, as well as visible psychosocial support channels, for ICU nurses to continue to uphold patient safety during COVID‐19.
Coming together: Embodied and pre‐reflective interaction inThe Plague
Authors: Haraldsen Mats 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlbert Camus’sThe Plaguehas often been investigated as a moral deliberation on humans’ responsibilities in the face of a deadly threat, be it as an allegory of World War Two or in a more general fashion. In this article, I argue that by looking at the pre‐reflective and embodied aspects of the interaction between the protagonists, the novel can be read in a new light. Seen from the perspective of contemporary cognitive science, especially what is known as “enactivism,” I argue that central cognitive and interactive processes in the novel seem to be running below the level of explicit dialogue. Thus, we can understand the moral process ofThe Plaguemore accurately if we take into account new insights into the important role that the body, our surroundings, and the interaction itself play when humans come together and interact. Finally, I argue that an analysis ofThe Plagueshould pay special attention to how Rieux, the narrator and main protagonist, operationalizes these embodied and pre‐reflective mechanisms through his use of narrative techniques.
Administrative intensity and local resident satisfaction in Victorian local government
Authors: Tran Carolyn‐Thi Thanh Dung , Dollery Brian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA voluminous empirical literature has focused on organizational characteristics and their relationship to organizational performance in the public sector, including municipal efficiency. However, as yet no effort has been made to examine the impact of administrative intensity on the effectiveness of local authorities, as measured by local resident satisfaction surveys. To address this gap in the literature, this article investigates the effect of administrative intensity on local resident satisfaction in the local government system of the Australian state of Victoria over the period 2014/2015 to 2018/2019. Using regression analysis, we find that there is a significant association between administrative intensity and the effectiveness of municipalities. However, the impact of administrative intensity on municipal effectiveness differs between urban local authorities and rural local authorities. This has significant public policy implications given that a uniform policy prescription may not achieve its intended aims due to the differential effects of the determinants of municipal effectiveness.
Consumption of differently processed milk products and the risk of asthma in children
Authors: Koivusaari Katariina , Syrjälä Essi , Niinistö Sari , Ahonen Suvi , Åkerlund Mari , Korhonen Tuuli E. , Toppari Jorma , Ilonen Jorma , Kaila Minna , Knip Mikael , Alatossava Tapani , Veijola Riitta , Virtanen Suvi M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundConsumption of unprocessed cow's milk has been associated with a lower risk of childhood asthma and/or atopy. Not much is known about differently processed milk products. We aimed to study the association between the consumption of differently processed milk products and asthma risk in a Finnish birth cohort.MethodsWe included 3053 children from the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Nutrition Study. Asthma and its subtypes were assessed at the age of 5 years, and food consumption by food records, at the age of 3 and 6 months and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years. We used conventional and processing (heat treatment and homogenization)‐based classifications for milk products. The data were analyzed using a joint model for longitudinal and time‐to‐event data.ResultsAt the age of 5 years, 184 (6.0%) children had asthma, of whom 101 (54.9%) were atopic, 75 (40.8%) were nonatopic, and eight (4.3%) could not be categorized. Consumption of infant formulas [adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) 1.15 (1.07, 1.23), p < .001] and strongly heat‐treated milk products [1.06 (1.01, 1.10), p = .01] was associated with the risk of all asthma. Consumption of all cow's milk products [1.09 (1.03, 1.15), p = .003], nonfermented milk products [1.08 (1.02, 1.14), p = .008], infant formulas [1.23 (1.13, 1.34), p < .001], and strongly heat‐treated milk products [1.08 (1.02, 1.15), p = .006] was associated with nonatopic asthma risk. All these associations remained statistically significant after multiple testing correction.ConclusionsHigh consumption of infant formula and other strongly heat‐treated milk products may be associated with the development of asthma.
Pineal gland differentiation in mature teratoma: An under‐recognized condition and potential pitfalls for overdiagnosis
Authors: Kanzawa Maki , Kodama Takayuki , Maruguchi Hayato , Gon Hidetoshi , Tsukamoto Ryuko , Komatsu Masato , Nomura Tadashi , Hirose Takanori , Itoh Tomoo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe herein report three cases of mature teratomas with pineal gland differentiation, which is a less recognized phenomenon. Case 1 was a 6‐year‐old male with a neck mass, Case 2 was a 23‐year‐old female with a retroperitoneal mass, and Case 3 was a 45‐year‐old female with a retroperitoneal mass. Each case showed the typical macroscopic and histological findings of mature teratoma, such as solid and cystic lesions mainly lined with a mature squamous epithelium. All cases also showed glial differentiation. Small foci of lobulated cell nests were detected in the center of or adjacent to mature glial tissue. Cells had a clear to pale eosinophilic cytoplasm with small round nuclei. Immunohistochemically, cells were positive for synaptophysin, neurofilament protein with a perivascular “club‐shaped swelling” pattern, and cone‐rod homeobox protein. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of pineal gland differentiation arising in mature teratoma, which may be easily overlooked or misdiagnosed as somatic‐type tumors, particularly neuroendocrine tumors. To avoid overtreatment, pathologists need to be aware that pineal gland differentiation may occur in mature teratomas.
Economic drivers of public procurement‐related protection
Authors: Disdier Anne‐Célia , Fontagné Lionel , Tresa Enxhi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPublic procurement represents a substantial share of gross domestic product (GDP) in many countries and is notoriously home‐biased as a result of often opaque practices. However, little is known about the determinants of restrictions on public procurement policies. To explore this issue, we map information from the Global Trade Alert (GTA) database on regulatory obstacles to public procurement alongside international trade flows at the country pair‐product level and applied bilateral tariffs. Considering the universe of restrictions introduced over the period 2009–2016 by importers on exporters and products, we highlight three novel facts. First, the main foreign providers are not the most targeted, suggesting long‐term contractual relationships between buyers and sellers in public markets. Second, the ear of retaliation is alleviating the protectionist pressure in the importer country. Third, we document substitutability between public procurement restrictions and tariffs.
Seroepidemiological survey on chikungunya in endemic zones for arboviruses in Brazil, 2019
Authors: Braga Dayse Aparecida de Oliveira , Barreto Francisca Kalline de Almeida , Paiva Clemilson Nogueira , Ramalho Izabel Letícia Cavalcante , Cavalcanti Luciano Pamplona de Góes , Alencar Carlos Henrique 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the seroprevalence of chikungunya and its associated factors in the city of Quixadá, Ceará, Brazil. We also aimed to identify the spatial distribution patterns of positive cases. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted with a questionnaire about clinical symptoms, socioeconomic and demographic factors, and a 10 ml blood sample was collected and analysed by ELISA. For the bivariate analysis, we use the chi‐square test, a prevalence ratio and its 95% confidence interval. A robust Poisson hierarchical regression was used to adjust for confounders. The Kernel density was performed for the spatial analysis. A total of 409 samples were analysed; of them, 70.7% were seropositive for previous exposure to chikungunya virus (CHIKV). High seropositivity for CHIKV was higher in female participants (75.5%; PR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.06–1.43), those aged 31 years or more (74.3%; PR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.04–2.52), and those with elementary education level (75.0%; PR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.06–1.60). There were also high seroprevalence in those with less than a minimum wage per month (89.5%; PR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.11–2.30), housewives (87.5%; PR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.24–2.18) and unemployed (80.0%; PR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.10–2.06). After adjusting for age, morning stiffness was the only chikungunya symptom that remained associated (PR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.06–1.37; p < .001). There was an area of high density of cases in the downtown and two areas of medium density in nearby regions. Otherwise, the higher seroprevalence rates were in the peripherical neighbourhoods. There is a hyperendemicity of CHIKV in Quixadá, and most cases are spatially contiguous. The main associated clinical sign is morning stiffness, but other factors such as low income and spending a longer time at home were significantly associated with higher seroprevalence.