bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental demonstration of a chaotic communication system with a switchable chaotic carrier wavelength based on two weak-resonant-cavity Fabry–Perot laser diodes
Authors: Hu Chunxia , Xia Guangqiong , Yue Dianzuo , Jiang Zaifu , Cui Bing , Zheng Yanfei , Lin Gongru , Wu Zhengmao 
Published: March 2021

Based on two weak-resonant-cavity Fabry–Perot laser diodes (WRC-FPLDs) with almost identical mode intervals, we propose and demonstrate experimentally, a chaotic communication system with switchable chaotic carrier wavelength. In such a scheme, a WRC-FPLD (called T-WRC-FPLD) subject to filtered feedback provided by a tunable optical filter (TOF) is taken as the transmitter, and the other WRC-FPLD (called R-WRC-FPLD) under optical injection from the T-WRC-FPLD is taken as the receiver. Through setting the central wavelength of the TOF and selecting the matched feedback strength, a desired mode in the T-WRC-FPLD can be chosen to stimulate and output a chaotic signal, whose central wavelength is determined by the central wavelength of the TOF. Thus, the T-WRC-FPLD under filtered feedback can provide a chaotic carrier with a switchable central wavelength. The chaotic signal output from the T-WRC-FPLD is sent to the R-WRC-FPLD and drives the R-WRC-FPLD for generating a chaotic signal. Under proper injection strength, high-quality chaotic synchronization between the T-WRC-FPLD and R-WRC-FPLD can be realized, and therefore the chaotic communication with switchable carrier wavelength can be implemented in this system. We adopt three different chaotic signals provided by three different modes in the T-WRC-FPLD as the chaotic carriers, respectively, and inspect the performances of the system. The experimental results show that, for the three cases, all the correlation coefficients between the T-WRC-FPLD and R-WRC-FPLD can be larger than 0.94 under optimized operating parameters. Via the high-quality chaotic synchronization between the T-WRC-FPLD and R-WRC-FPLD, a 5 Gb/s message encrypted in each chaotic carrier can be successfully decrypted at the receiver for the three cases, and the bit error ratios are all lower than

3.8

×

1

0

−
3

, which is the hard-decision forward error correction threshold.
Population risk factors for severe disease and mortality in COVID-19: A global systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Booth Adam , Reed Angus Bruno , Ponzo Sonia , Yassaee Arrash , Aral Mert , Plans David , Labrique Alain , Mohan Diwakar 
Published: March 2021

AimCOVID-19 clinical presentation is heterogeneous, ranging from asymptomatic to severe cases. While there are a number of early publications relating to risk factors for COVID-19 infection, low sample size and heterogeneity in study design impacted consolidation of early findings. There is a pressing need to identify the factors which predispose patients to severe cases of COVID-19. For rapid and widespread risk stratification, these factors should be easily obtainable, inexpensive, and avoid invasive clinical procedures. The aim of our study is to fill this knowledge gap by systematically mapping all the available evidence on the association of various clinical, demographic, and lifestyle variables with the risk of specific adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19.MethodsThe systematic review was conducted using standardized methodology, searching two electronic databases (PubMed and SCOPUS) for relevant literature published between 1stJanuary 2020 and 9thJuly 2020. Included studies reported characteristics of patients with COVID-19 while reporting outcomes relating to disease severity. In the case of sufficient comparable data, meta-analyses were conducted to estimate risk of each variable.ResultsSeventy-six studies were identified, with a total of 17,860,001 patients across 14 countries. The studies were highly heterogeneous in terms of the sample under study, outcomes, and risk measures reported. A large number of risk factors were presented for COVID-19. Commonly reported variables for adverse outcome from COVID-19 comprised patient characteristics, including age >75 (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.81–3.90), male sex (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.39–3.04) and severe obesity (OR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.31–5.05). Active cancer (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.04–2.04) was associated with increased risk of severe outcome. A number of common symptoms and vital measures (respiratory rate and SpO2) also suggested elevated risk profiles.ConclusionsBased on the findings of this study, a range of easily assessed parameters are valuable to predict elevated risk of severe illness and mortality as a result of COVID-19, including patient characteristics and detailed comorbidities, alongside the novel inclusion of real-time symptoms and vital measurements.
Assessing the knowledge, attitude and perception on workplace readiness regarding COVID-19 among health care providers in Ethiopia—An internet-based survey
Authors: Gebreselassie Agazi Fitsum , Bekele Abebe , Tatere Heaven Yeshaneh , Wong Rex 
Published: March 2021

Background
Healthcare facilities in Ethiopia are responsible for collecting samples for testing and treating COVID-19 patients, providing COVID-19 information to staff, establishment of response teams, and provision of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE). Working at the frontlines against the pandemic, health care providers’ level of knowledge about COVID-19, attitude towards their work, and confidence in the preparedness of their facilities are essential factors in mounting a successful response.

Objectives
This study investigated the knowledge level of HCP in Ethiopia on this novel coronavirus, and their perspectives on whether their workplaces have sufficient preparedness to handle this disease.

Methods
A self-administered online survey was conducted.

Results
The knowledge related to COVID-19 among HCPs was high, with an overall average of 91.5%. The majority of our respondents were supportive to the government’s measures to minimize disease transmission, but most of them were also frustrated by how COVID affected their day to day lives. The majority of them were worried about contracting COVID at work and transmitting the infection to their families. Most respondents did not feel safe going to work (P<0.001). Apart from providing adequate information on COVID-19, most workplaces did not have sufficient PPE (P<000.1) and medical supplies (P<0.001). Close to 50% of respondents agreed and disagreed that their workplaces had clear protocols for handling COVID-19 (P = 0.144). Those who handled known COVID patients were more likely to agree their workplaces had clear protocols (OR = 2.69, P<0.001).

Conclusion
Improving supplies of PPEs and establishing a clear communicating protocol in handling COVID patients are highly recommended.
Ten-year cardiovascular risk among cancer survivors: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Zhang Xiaochen , Pawlikowski Meghan , Olivo-Marston Susan , Williams Karen Patricia , Bower Julie K. , Felix Ashley S. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Cancer survivors have a higher risk of developing and dying from cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population. We sought to determine whether 10-year risk of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) is elevated among those with vs. without a cancer history in a nationally representative U.S. sample.

Methods
Participants aged 40–79 years with no CVD history were included from the 2007–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Cancer history was self-reported and 10-year risk of ASCVD was estimated using Pooled Cohort Equations. We used logistic regression to estimate associations between cancer history and odds of elevated (≥7.5%) vs. low (<7.5%) 10-year ASCVD risk. An interaction between age and cancer history was examined.

Results
A total of 15,095 participants were included (mean age = 55.2 years) with 12.3% (n = 1,604) reporting a cancer history. Individuals with vs. without a cancer history had increased odds of elevated 10-year ASCVD risk (OR = 3.42, 95% CI: 2.51–4.66). Specifically, those with bladder/kidney, prostate, colorectal, lung, melanoma, or testicular cancer had a 2.72–10.47 higher odds of elevated 10-year ASCVD risk. Additionally, age was an effect modifier: a cancer history was associated with 1.24 (95% CI: 1.19–4.21) times higher odds of elevated 10-year ASCVD risk among those aged 60–69, but not with other age groups.

Conclusions
Adults with a history of self-reported cancer had higher 10-year ASCVD risk. ASCVD risk assessment and clinical surveillance of cardiovascular health following a cancer diagnosis could potentially reduce disease burden and prolong survival, especially for patients with specific cancers and high ASCVD risk.
Risk factors for gastric perforation after cytoreductive surgery in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis: Splenectomy and increased body mass index
Authors: Angeles Martina Aida , Martínez-Gómez Carlos , Del Mathilde , Migliorelli Federico , Daix Manon , Provendier Anaïs , Picard Muriel , Ruiz Jean , Chantalat Elodie , Leray Hélène , Martinez Alejandra , Gladieff Laurence , Ferron Gwénaël 
Published: March 2021

Background
Gastric perforation after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) is an infrequent complication. There is lack of evidence regarding the risk factors for this postoperative complication. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of postoperative gastric perforation in patients undergoing CRS for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) and to evaluate risk factors predisposing to this complication.

Methods
We designed a unicentric retrospective study to identify all patients who underwent an open upfront or interval CRS after a primary diagnosis of PC of different origins between March 2007 and December 2018 at a French Comprehensive Cancer Center. The main outcome was the occurrence of postoperative gastric perforation.

Results
Five hundred thirty-three patients underwent a CRS for PC during the study period and 13 (2.4%) presented a postoperative gastric perforation with a mortality rate of 23% (3/13). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 283 (53.1%) patients and 99 (18.6%) received hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). In the univariate analysis, body mass index (BMI), peritoneal cancer index, splenectomy, distal pancreatectomy, and histology were significantly associated with postoperative gastric perforation. After multivariate analysis, BMI (OR [95%CI] = 1.13 [1.05–1.22], p = 0.002) and splenectomy (OR [95%CI] = 26.65 [1.39–509.67], p = 0.029) remained significantly related to the primary outcome.

Conclusions
Gastric perforation after CRS is a rare event with a high rate of mortality. While splenectomy and increased BMI are risk factors associated with this complication, HIPEC does not seem to be related. Gastric perforation is probably an ischemic complication due to a multifactorial process. Preventive measures such as preservation of the gastroepiploic arcade and prophylactic suture of the greater gastric curvature require further assessment.
Numéro 160 - mars 2021
Authors: Cockx Bart 
Published: March 2021

Ce numéro de Regards économiques analyse la question de la formation des demandeurs d’emploi en Belgique, du côté néerlandophone en particulier. Ces formations sont-elles efficaces pour améliorer l’insertion professionnelle des chômeurs et si oui, pour quels demandeurs d’emploi en particulier ?
Pour mener cette étude, Bart Cockx, spécialiste des questions du marché de l’emploi, a travaillé en collaboration avec le VDAB (le service public de l’emploi flamand) et le professeur Michael Lechner (Université de Saint-Gall en Suisse). Ils ont utilisé les techniques d’analyse statistique des Big Data. Ils les ont appliquées à un grand ensemble de données administratives anonymisées sur des demandeurs d’emploi résidant en Flandre. Ces techniques permettent de prévoir le gain d’emploi qu’un chômeur peut espérer de sa participation à une formation donnée.
Les trois résultats majeurs présentés dans cette étude sont les suivants :

Quelles sont les formations les plus efficaces ? Parmi les types de formation étudiés (sessions d’orientation professionnelle, formation professionnelle de type court et formations de durée moyenne), ce sont les formations professionnelles courtes qui sont les plus efficaces; elles augmentent la durée moyenne passée en emploi des participants de 3,5 mois (soit + 21 %) par rapport à l’absence de participation.
Pour quel profil de demandeur d’emploi les formations sont les plus efficaces ? Les formations ont le plus d’impact sur le retour à l’emploi des immigrés récents dont la connaissance du néerlandais est limitée.
Comment améliorer l’efficacité des formations ? Si le VDAB attribuait les programmes de formation aux demandeurs d’emploi selon l’algorithme informatique développé par les chercheurs, on obtiendrait une augmentation de 20 % de la durée passée en emploi grâce aux formations.

Cette étude démontre que les outils informatiques et statistiques peuvent apporter un soutien dans l’attribution des politiques d’aide à l’emploi pour les chômeurs mais également que les gains d’emploi peuvent être conséquents si on alloue les formations à celles et ceux qui en tirent le plus de bénéfices.
Consideration of hyperspectral data in intraspecific variation (spectrotaxonomy) in Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldhebiani Amal Y. , Elhag Mohamed , Alshehri Amjaad A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Classification is the science that arranges organisms in groups according to their similarities and differences. In plant science, there are many aspects of classifications. For instance, there is morphological, anatomical, palynological, molecular, and chemical classification. All these types consume time, effort, and money. In this research, new technology is tested to identify the differences between plants. Spectroradiometer will help in classifying Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC in Bahrah region in Saudi Arabia. Spectroradiometer technology is applied to a sample of 40 taxa of P. juliflora in two different seasons. Within each sample site, measurements were taken at a high sun angle from 10:00 am to 2:00 pm. Results showed that spectroradiometer indicated the existence of significant differences among P. juliflora taxa. Correspondingly, the spectroradiometer engenders the spectral responses of the targeted species in the region between 400 and 2,500 nm wavelength. The spectral behavior of P. juliflora in four seasons was demonstrated as season dependent. The variance-based principal component analysis divided the investigated samples into two groups, either positively correlated or negatively correlated according to the seasonal data collection. Sample number 5 in the quantile’s slicing analysis maintained a stable behavior when it was exposed to 100% wavelength. P. juliflora behavior was stabilized in the infrared (IR) samples (4,5), the shortwave IR (SWIR) (3,4,5), and thermal IT (TIR) (3,4,5,6) at the quantile range of >75. While in the quantile range <25, we found the stability behavior in the IR samples (2,8,10), the SWIR (2,7,8,10), and in TIR (2,7,8,10). Therefore, this approved that the spectroradiometer is useful as the first classification process. More studies are needed to support this finding, such as chemical and molecular investigations.
Feasibility of fly ash as fluxing agent in mid- and low-grade phosphate rock carbothermal reduction and its reaction kinetics
Authors: Luo Biwei , Li Pengfei , Li Yan , Ji Jun , He Dongsheng , Tian Qifeng , Chen Yichang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The feasibility of industrial waste fly ash as an alternative fluxing agent for silica in carbothermal reduction of medium-low-grade phosphate ore was studied in this paper. With a series of single-factor experiments, the reduction rate of phosphate rock under different reaction temperature, reaction time, particle size, carbon excess coefficient, and silicon–calcium molar ratio was investigated with silica and fly ash as fluxing agents. Higher reduction rates were obtained with fly ash fluxing instead of silica. The optimal conditions were derived as: reaction temperature 1,300°C, reaction time 75 min, particle size 48–75 µm, carbon excess coefficient 1.2, and silicon–calcium molar ratio 1.2. The optimized process condition was verified with other two different phosphate rocks and it was proved universally. The apparent kinetics analyses demonstrated that the activation energy of fly ash fluxing is reduced by 31.57 kJ/mol as compared with that of silica. The mechanism of better fluxing effect by fly ash may be ascribed to the fact that the products formed within fly ash increase the amount of liquid phase in the reaction system and promote reduction reaction. Preliminary feasibility about the recycling of industrial waste fly ash in thermal phosphoric acid industry was elucidated in the paper.
Three combined pretreatments for reactive gasification feedstock from wet coffee grounds waste
Authors: Hasegawa Isao , Tsujiuchi Tatsuya , Mae Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, a new pretreatment for using wet food biomass waste as a high calorific and reactive feedstock for gasification is presented. The method involves the addition of calcium hydroxide, hot water treatment, and dewatering in vegetable oil. Hot water treatment at 230°C reduced the oxygen/carbon atomic ratio of coffee grounds waste to improve the calorific value, but this treatment also formed an inactive cross-linked structure caused by dehydration reactions. By mixing the coffee grounds waste with calcium hydroxide powder before the hot water treatment, cross-linking was suppressed and the gasification rate of the char significantly increased because of the catalytic effect. With or without hot water treatment, the time required to complete gasification for the chars of the grounds mixed with calcium hydroxide was reduced to about one-third of that for the char of the untreated grounds. After heating in vegetable oil at 150°C, moisture was completely removed from the coffee grounds and they became impregnated with a large amount of the oil. As dewatering in oil did not affect the gasification rate of the chars, a combination of these three treatments was found to efficiently convert wet food biomass waste into a gasification feedstock.
Influence of phase distribution of converter slag microzones on the occurrence of P
Authors: Li Chenxiao , Tong Shuai , Xue Yuekai , Wang Shuhuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The phase and element distribution of converter slag was analyzed with the backscattered electron (BSE) images of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy spectrum. The results show that the Ca and Si are attached in the slag micro-area, while the Fe is present in areas with less Ca and Si. Most of the P appear in areas with more Ca and Si. The content of SiO2 tends to increase with an increase in the CaO content in the slag micro-area. The activity of a
CaO increases with an increase in the CaO content in the slag micro-area, while the activity of a
FeO increases first and then decreases. In the slag micro-area with an increase in the FeO content, both the mole fraction and the activity coefficient of SiO2 decrease; so, the content of SiO2 decreases gradually.
A study on accumulator analysis for the valve performance evaluation system of nuclear power plants
Authors: Ryu K. , Lee T. , Baek D. , Park J. , Kim N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To evaluate the valves used in the nuclear power plants are working properly under the required conditions, the performance and capacity test should be performed. In the test system, the accumulator was employed to control the large amount of high pressure and high temperature steam generated in the boiler precisely. In the accumulating process, the steam is often condensed. In order to prevent condensation, it is needed to install heaters and preheat the accumulator. However, if the size of the accumulator becomes large, the installation of the heater may not be easy. Therefore, when the test is conducted, the system was preheated by the latent heat generated from the phase change. Insufficient thermal insulation may cause temperature differences and it can cause mechanical problems in the accumulator structure. If insulation is sufficient, the temperature difference is indicated by the height. As the cooled condensate moves downwards, the condensate is discharged by the drain valve control and the temperature difference of the structure can be disappeared. The results of this paper can be applied to the conceptualization of equipment that uses latent heat and for the design of high-precision steam experimental devices or the design of high-capacity steam utilization systems.
Establishment of analysis methodology for ionizing mattresses using RESRAD-BUILD code
Authors: Chen S. S. , Hsu W. S. , Wang J. R. , Yang J.-H. , Chen S.-W. , Shih C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The methodology of analysing ionizing mattresses using the RESRAD-BUILD code is described. RESRAD-BUILD is a free computer program developed by Argonne US National laboratory. The RESRAD-BUILD code can analyze radiation exposures resulting from occupying a building contaminated with radioactive materials or housing contaminated furniture or equipment. In May 2018, the South Korean government pulled the mattresses of manufacturer Daijin Bed Co from its markets because these mattresses had unsafe radiation levels. After that, the AEC (Atomic Energy Council, Taiwan) had immediately conducted an inspection of ionizing mattresses of Taiwan and found that the radiation level of mattresses of two domestic brands exceed the legal standards. For assessing the dose of the ionizing mattress, it was necessary to establish a methodology for analyzing these in case of nuclear industry unusual products. This was done by using the RESRAD-BUILD code and the data are presented in this manuscript. The analysis results of RESRAD-BUILD were compared with the assessment result to the dose announced by the AEC. The RESRAD-BUILD result which the air exchange rate is 10–2/h is similar with the AEC data. In addition, the results present that the air exchange rate is very significant for calculating the dose.
Effectiveness assessment of improvement measures in physical protection system monitoring center
Authors: Zeng T. , Yang X. , Wan Y. , Mao Y. , Liu Z. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The optimization measures in the physical protection system monitoring center of a nuclear power plant include the prioritization of alarm signals, optimization of sound and light alarm form, improvement of the layout of video monitor screen, security training, and strengthening of organizational management. Based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, the influence of these factors on the probability of alert assessment and guard’s respond time in the EASI method are quantitatively analyzed. Making full use of the measures for prioritization of alarm signals can effectively promote the improvement of human-computer interaction efficiency. The degree of influence of the four factors (guarder’s status, decision strategy, guarder’s training and organization management) on guard’s decision-making is roughly the same.