bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal outcomes in trial of vaginal birth versus repeat caesarean delivery in preterm pregnancies: A prospective cohort study
Authors: C. Suresh Sunitha , Dude Annie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo characterise neonatal morbidity following preterm trial of labour (TOL) in comparison with elective repeat caesarean section (eRCS) specifically among patients without a previous vaginal delivery who may have a lower success rate of vaginal birth after caesarean.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of a multicentre prospective database.Setting/PopulationMaternal and Fetal Medicine Unit Cesarean Section Registry.PopulationSingleton pregnancies in women without a previous vaginal delivery who delivered at 24+0 weeks to 36+6 weeks gestation.MethodsNeonatal outcomes were compared between those with a TOL and those undergoing eRCS. Logistic regression was used to control for confounders, including gestational age at delivery.Main Outcome MeasuresComposite neonatal morbidity.ResultsA total of 1906 patients were included, 985 with TOL and 921 with no TOL. The TOL success rate was 63.1%. The rate of uterine rupture was low, at 0.10% in the TOL group and 0.11% in the eRCS group (p = 0.32). After adjustment, neonates born to women undergoing a TOL had no statistically significant difference in outcomes including composite neonatal outcome (adjusted odds ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.68–1.09), neonatal intensive care unit admission, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotising enterocolitis, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, seizures, transient tachypnoea of the newborn, compared with patients who underwent eRCS, with the exception of decreased risk of proven/suspected sepsis (adjusted odds ratio 0.68, 95% CI 0.52–0.87)ConclusionA TOL in preterm patients without a previous vaginal delivery was not found to have a statistically significant association with increased neonatal morbidity.
Does international work experience pay off? The relationship between international work experience, employability and career success: A 30‐country, multi‐industry study
Authors: Andresen Maike , Lazarova Mila , Apospori Eleni , Cotton Richard , Bosak Janine , Dickmann Michael , Kaše Robert , Smale Adam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDrawing on human capital theory, our study examines the relationship between international work experience and individuals' career success in terms of promotions and subjective financial success. We propose that these relationships are mediated by external employability and hypothesise a moderating role of national‐level economic freedom. Using data from 19,421 respondents, residing in 30 countries and working in different occupational groups (managers, professionals, clerical and blue‐collar workers), our results suggest that international work experience is positively related to promotions and subjective financial success across our study's different national contexts. These positive relationships were mediated by individuals' perceived external employability. Some support for the moderation of the relationship between international work experience and employability through economic freedom was only found when we differentiate between different types of international work experience. The findings enhance our understanding of the association between international work experience and career success from a human capital perspective.
The presentation of spontaneous coronary artery dissection in the emergency department: Signs and symptoms in an unsuspecting population
Authors: Johnson Alexis K. , Tweet Marysia S. , Rouleau Samuel G. , Sadosty Annie T. , Hayes Sharonne N. , Raukar Neha P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesSpontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) has emerged as a common cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in young women, although it is rarely discussed in the differential diagnosis for chest pain in the emergency department (ED). In a population otherwise considered low risk for myocardial infarction, there is a danger of incomplete workup and missed diagnosis. In this study, we aim to describe the clinical presentation of those who present to the ED with SCAD to increase awareness of this potentially fatal diagnosis among emergency practitioners.MethodsData were queried from the Mayo Clinic “Virtual” Multicenter SCAD Registry, a large multisite international disease registry. The registry includes demographic information as well as data from both medical records and surveys administered following the SCAD event. Symptom presentation was abstracted from survey narrative responses. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics.ResultsOf 1196 subjects included, chest pain was reported during initial SCAD event in 95.7%. Most common chest symptoms descriptors were pain, pressure/weight, and tightness, with radiation most often in one or both arms/shoulders. Other common symptoms included nausea, shortness of breath, and diaphoresis. Most common electrocardiogram (ECG) findings reported were ST elevation, T‐wave abnormality, and normal ECG. Initial troponin values were within normal range in 20.1% of patients.ConclusionWith young healthy women often considered “low risk” for ACS, it is important to understand that SCAD is a cause of ACS, and familiarity with presentation can improve awareness among emergency physicians. Our data can provide insight in helping to identify young women who present with chest pain due to SCAD so they can be appropriately evaluated.
Utilization and outcomes of extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R): Systematic review and meta‐analysis of arterio‐venous and veno‐venous ECCO2R approaches
Authors: Yu Tiffany Z. , Tatum Robert T. , Saxena Abhiraj , Ahmad Danial , Yost Colin C. , Maynes Elizabeth J. , O'Malley Thomas J. , Massey Howard T. , Swol Justyna , Whitson Bryan A. , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionExtracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) provides respiratory support to patients suffering from hypercapnic respiratory failure by utilizing an extracorporeal shunt and gas exchange membrane to remove CO2 from either the venous (VV‐ECCO2R) or arterial (AV‐ECCO2R) system before return into the venous site. AV‐ECCO2R relies on the patient's native cardiac function to generate pressures needed to deliver blood through the extracorporeal circuit. VV‐ECCO2R utilizes a mechanical pump and can be used to treat patients with inadequate native cardiac function. We sought to evaluate the existing evidence comparing the subgroups of patients supported on VV and AV‐ECCO2R devices.MethodsA literature search was performed to identify all relevant studies published between 2000 and 2019. Demographic information, medical indications, perioperative variables, and clinical outcomes were extracted for systematic review and meta‐analysis.ResultsTwenty‐five studies including 826 patients were reviewed. 60% of patients (497/826) were supported on VV‐ECCO2R. The most frequent indications were acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [69%, (95%CI: 53%–82%)] and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [49%, (95%CI: 37%–60%)]. ICU length of stay was significantly shorter in patients supported on VV‐ECCO2R compared to AV‐ECCO2R [15 (95%CI: 7–23) vs. 42 (95%CI: 17–67) days, p = 0.05]. In‐hospital mortality was not significantly different [27% (95%CI: 18%–38%) vs. 36% (95%CI: 24%–51%), p = 0.26].ConclusionBoth VV and AV‐ECCO2R provided clinically meaningful CO2 removal with comparable mortality.
Management of mammalian bites to the external genitalia: a scoping review
Authors: Patel Sagar R. , Kanabur Pratik , Possoit Harlee E. , Kinley Austin , Varman Beatriz , Coburn Michael , Sukumar Shyam 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo review existing publications to determine the approaches for the medical and operative management of mammalian bites to the external genitalia.Materials and MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis for Scoping Review guidelines were followed. Four databases were searched. Articles were independently screened and analysed by two reviewers. Publications were included if detailed summaries of genitalia bites and management were documented. Discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. Data were extracted from the final article cohort.ResultsA total of 42 articles were included in this scoping review with 67 cases of mammalian bites to the genitalia reported in the cohort. The most common injury site was the penis (44.9%). Dog and human bites were the most common type of mammalian bites (61.2% and 26.9%, respectively). In all, 13.4% of cases were managed with medical therapy while 86.6% of cases required surgical intervention. The most common intervention was wound irrigation, debridement, and primary closure (32.8%). Although uncommon, other operative approaches included skin flaps (7.5%) and grafts (4.5%), re‐implantation (4.5%), urethroplasty/repair (7.5%), penectomy (3.0%), scrotoplasty (3.0%), and perineal urethrostomy (1.5%). The reported complication rate was 19.4%. The mean follow‐up time was 39.9 months.ConclusionTrauma related to mammalian bites is associated with high utilisation of healthcare resources and cost. Although management of such bites to the genitalia is controversial, surgical intervention is often warranted ranging from simple debridement of devitalised tissue to complex reconstructive surgery. This review underscores the need for further investigation of mammalian bites to the genitalia to improve surgical options and monitor for long‐term complication rates.
Integrated on‐land‐offshore stratigraphy of the Campi Flegrei caldera: New insights into the volcano‐tectonic evolution in the last 15 kyr
Authors: Natale Jacopo , Ferranti Luigi , Isaia Roberto , Marino Camilla , Sacchi Marco , Spiess Volkhard , Steinmann Lena , Vitale Stefano 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSilicic calderas are volcanic systems whose unrest evolution is more unpredictable than other volcano types because they often do not culminate in an eruption. Their complex structure strongly influences the post‐collapse volcano‐tectonic evolution, usually coupling volcanism and ground deformation. Among such volcanoes, the Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy) is one of the most studied. Significant long‐ and short‐term ground deformations characterise this restless volcano. Several studies performed on the marine‐continental succession exposed in the central sector of the Campi Flegrei caldera provided a reconstruction of ground deformation during the last 15 kyr. However, considering that over one‐third of the caldera is presently submerged beneath the Pozzuoli Gulf, a comprehensive stratigraphic on‐land‐offshore framework is still lacking. This study aims at reconstructing the offshore succession through analysis of high‐resolution single and multichannel reflection seismic profiles and correlates the resulting seismic stratigraphic framework with the stratigraphy reconstructed on‐land. Results provide new clues on the causative relations between the intra‐caldera marine and volcaniclastic sedimentation and the alternating phases of marine transgressions and regressions originated by the interplay between ground deformation and sea‐level rise. The volcano‐tectonic reconstruction, provided in this work, connects the major caldera floor movements to the large Plinian eruptions of Pomici Principali (12 ka) and Agnano Monte Spina (4.55 ka), with the onset of the first post‐caldera doming at ca. 10.5 ka. We emphasise that ground deformation is usually coupled with volcanic activity, which shows a self‐similar pattern, regardless of its scale. Thus, characterising the long‐term deformation history becomes of particular interest and relevance for hazard assessment and definition of future unrest scenarios.
Spatial autocorrelation shapes liana distribution better than topography and host tree properties in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest in SW China
Authors: Bai Xiao‐Long , Liu Qi , Mohandass Dharmalingam , Cao Min , Wen Han‐Dong , Chen Ya‐Jun , Gupta Sunil Kumar , Lin Lu‐Xiang , Zhang Jiao‐Lin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLianas are an important component of subtropical forests, but the mechanisms underlying their spatial distribution patterns have received relatively little attention. Here, we selected 12 most abundant liana species, constituting up to 96.9% of the total liana stems, in a 20‐ha plot in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest at 2472–2628 m elevation in SW China. Combining data on topography (convexity, slope, aspect, and elevation) and host trees (density and size) of the plot, we addressed how liana distribution is shaped by host tree properties, topography and spatial autocorrelation by using principal coordinates of neighbor matrices (PCNM) analysis. We found that lianas had an aggregated distribution based on the Ripley's K function. At the community level, PCNM analysis showed that spatial autocorrelation explained 43% variance in liana spatial distribution. Host trees and topography explained 4% and 18% of the variance, but less than 1% variance after taking spatial autocorrelation into consideration. A similar trend was found at the species level. These results indicate that spatial autocorrelation might be the most important factor shaping liana spatial distribution in subtropical forest at high elevation.
Hypoxia‐inducible lncRNA MIR210HG interacting with OCT1 is involved in glioblastoma multiforme malignancy
Authors: Ho Kuo‐Hao , Shih Chwen‐Ming , Liu Ann‐Jeng , Chen Ku‐Chung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn insufficient oxygen supply within the intratumoral environment, also known as hypoxia, induces glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) invasion, stemness, and temozolomide (TMZ) drug resistance. Long noncoding (lnc)RNAs have been reported to be involved in hypoxia and GBM progression. However, their roles in hypoxic GBM malignancy are still unclear. We investigated the mechanisms of hypoxia‐mediated lncRNAs in regulating GBM processes. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and data mining, hypoxia‐correlated lncRNAs were identified. A hypoxia‐upregulated lncRNA, MIR210HG, locating in nuclear regions, predicted poor prognoses of patients and modulated hypoxia‐promoted glioma stemness, TMZ resistance, and invasion. Depletion of hypoxic MIR210HG suppressed GBM and patient‐derived cell growth and increased TMZ sensitivity in vitro and vivo. Using RNA sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), MIR210HG‐upregulated genes significantly belonged to the targets of octamer transcription factor 1 (OCT1) transcription factor. The direct interaction between OCT1 and MIR210HG was also validated. Two well‐established worse prognostic factors of GBM, insulin‐like growth factor–binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), were identified as downstream targets of OCT1 through MIR210HG mediation in hypoxia. Consequently, the lncRNA MIR210HG is upregulated by hypoxia and interacts with OCT1 for modulating hypoxic GBM, leading to poor prognoses. These findings might provide a better understanding in functions of hypoxia/MIR210HG signaling for regulating GBM malignancy.
The risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with the Ashkenazi Jewish founder allele BRCA2 6174delT
Authors: Finch Amy , Metcalfe Kelly , Akbari Mohammad , Friedman Eitan , Tung Nadine , Rosen Barry , Eisen Andrea , Karlan Beth , Foulkes William , Neuhausen Susan L. , Senter Leigha , McKinnon Wendy , Elser Christine , Sun Ping , Narod Steven A. ,   the Hereditary Breast Cancer Clinical Study Group
Published: December 2021

AbstractApproximately 1% of the Ashkenazi Jewish population carries the BRCA2 6174delT (c.5946del) pathogenic variant. It is important to have accurate knowledge of the risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with this specific variant so that women may be counseled accordingly. In this prospective study, we estimated the risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with the 6174delT variant compared with the risks for other pathogenic variants in the BRCA2 gene. The annual risk for developing breast cancer was significantly lower in 246 women who carried the 6174delT variant compared with 721 non‐Jewish women who carried a variant at any other locus in BRCA2 (1.2% per year vs. 2.4% per year, p = 0.003). We estimated the cumulative risk of breast cancer from age 30 to 70 to be 39% for carriers of the BRCA2 6174delT variant and 61% for carriers of other BRCA2 variants. The annual risk for ovarian or fallopian tube cancer was 0.51% per year for the 233 women who carried the 6174delT variant compared to 0.22% per year for the 1128 carriers of other BRCA2 variants; the difference was not significant. Lower risks for breast cancer associated with 6174delT may not impact screening and prevention choices, however, the discussion should be based on accurate risk assessment.
Pre‐transplant maintenance dialysis duration and outcomes after kidney transplantation: A multicenter population‐based cohort study
Authors: Naylor Kyla L. , Kim S. Joseph , Kuwornu John Paul , Dixon Stephanie N. , Garg Amit X. , McCallum Megan K. , Knoll Gregory A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe association between pre‐transplant dialysis duration and post‐transplant outcomes may vary by the population and endpoints studied. We conducted a population‐based cohort study using linked healthcare databases from Ontario, Canada including kidney transplant recipients (n = 4461) from 2004 to 2014. Our primary outcome was total graft failure (i.e., death, return to dialysis, or pre‐emptive re‐transplant). Secondary outcomes included death‐censored graft failure, death with graft function, mortality, hospitalization for cardiovascular events, hospitalization for infection, and hospital readmission. We presented results by pre‐transplant dialysis duration (pre‐emptive transplant, and .01–1.43, 1.44–2.64, 2.65–4.25, 4.26–6.45, and 6.46–36.5 years, for quintiles 1–5). After adjusting for clinical characteristics, pre‐emptive transplantation was associated with a lower rate of total graft failure (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] .68, 95% CI: .46, .99), while quintile 4 was associated with a higher rate (aHR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.71), when compared to quintile 1. There was no significant relationship between dialysis duration and death‐censored graft failure, cardiovascular events, or hospital readmission. For death with graft function and mortality, quintiles 3–5 had a significantly higher aHR compared to quintile 1, while for infection, quintiles 2–5 had a higher aHR. Longer time on dialysis was associated with an increased rate of several adverse post‐transplant outcomes.
Mediterranean diet and diabetes risk in a cohort study of individuals with prediabetes: propensity score analyses
Authors: Cea‐Soriano Lucía , Pulido José , Franch‐Nadal Josep , Santos Juana M. , Mata‐Cases Manel , Díez‐Espino Javier , Ruiz‐García Antonio , Regidor Enrique ,   the PREDAPS Study Group
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsRandomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of several dietary patterns plus physical activity to reduce diabetes onset in people with prediabetes. However, there is no evidence on the effect from the Mediterranean diet on the progression from prediabetes to diabetes. We aimed to evaluate the effect from high adherence to Mediterranean diet on the risk of diabetes in individuals with prediabetes.MethodsProspective cohort study in Spanish Primary Care setting. A total of 1184 participants with prediabetes based on levels of fasting plasma glucose and/or glycated hemoglobin were followed up for a mean of 4.2 years. A total of 210 participants developed diabetes type 2 during the follow up. Hazard ratios of diabetes onset were estimated by Cox proportional regression models associated to high versus low/medium adherence to Mediterranean diet. Different propensity score methods were used to control for potential confounders.ResultsIncidence rate of diabetes in participants with high versus low/medium adherence to Mediterranean diet was 2.9 versus 4.8 per 100 persons‐years. The hazard ratios adjusted for propensity score and by inverse probability weighting (IPW) had identical magnitude: 0.63 (95% confidence interval, 0.43–0.93). The hazard ratio in the adjusted model using propensity score matching 1:2 was 0.56 (95% confidence interval, 0.37–0.84).ConclusionsThese propensity score analyses suggest that high adherence to Mediterranean diet reduces diabetes risk in people with prediabetes.
Time‐dependent analysis of adoptive immunotherapy following sequential FLAMSA‐reduced intensity conditioning and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with high‐risk myeloid neoplasia
Authors: Weller Jan Frederic , Mezger Markus , Seifert Leon Louis , Vogel Wichard , Schneidawind Dominik , Faul Christoph , Bethge Wolfgang , Lengerke Claudia , Christopeit Maximilian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProphylactic donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) are part of the sequential FLAMSA‐reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen to cure high risk myeloid neoplasia with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although DLI themselves carry significant risks, their prophylactic use has not been analyzed in a time‐dependent manner. One hundred and fourteen patients underwent FLAMSA‐RIC HSCT between 2013 and 2020. Next to Kaplan‐Meier estimation of overall, disease‐free, and graft‐versus‐host relapse‐free survival (OS, DFS, GRFS), cumulative incidences of relapse and death in remission were calculated in a competing risk model. Additionally, the contribution of prophylactic and preemptive DLI as time‐dependent covariates was assessed using a time‐varying model toward DFS (Simon‐Makuch method, Mantel‐Byar test). At 2 years, OS was 45.2% [95% CI 36.7–55.7%], DFS 31.8% [95% CI 24–42.2%] and GRFS 11.3 [95% CI 6.5–19.8]. Neither prophylactic nor preemptive DLI showed a significant influence on DFS when considered time‐dependent covariates (Mantel‐Byar, p = .3). This was further corroborated in competing risk analysis with DLI as time‐dependent covariates. Both prophylactic and preemptive DLI miss significance in their impact on survival within a high‐risk cohort in a time‐varying model. Controlled trials to address the impact of postgrafting immunotherapy approaches are needed.