bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal and Spatial changes in Crop Patterns, Use of inputs and Hydrological Alteration in the case of Fogera floodplain, Ethiopia
Authors: Desta Mare , Zeleke Gete , Payne William. A. , Abebe Wubneh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BauckgroundMore than half of the world's population consumes rice. The area under modern rice varieties has expanded, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has increased in various countries. The hydrology of wetlands are also influenced by its chemical and physical characteristics. Hence, this research focused on temporal and spatial changes in crop patterns, input usage, and hydrological change in Fogera floodplain, with the objectives: a. what are the spatial and temporal trends in crops production pattern? b. What inputs have been used in the past and present to produce rice and other crops? c. What looks like the hydrological alteration of the area? The primary data was gathered through a questionnaire, focus group discussions, interviews, and field observations. Secondary data from Landsat imageries, SWAT input data, water flow, normalized difference vegetation index, and hydrological alteration of the site were collected. To analyze data, tables, graphs, and charts percentage, mean, and correlation were used. ResultNDVI results indicated that rice crop is growing while other variables are decreasing. artificial inputs are currently used but before the introduction of rice were not. Recession farming activities have also diminished wetland. Annual average water flow and rainfall have been trending upward. Flow of water with Nitrogen and Phosphorous has a negative correlation, with Pearson's values -0.069 and -0.072, respectively whereas the value 0.242 indicates that nitrogen and phosphorus have a positive relationship. ConclusionIn conclusion, these extended and intensification of farming practices have an impact on the biodiversity of fauna and flora of the area.
Rare Presentation of Gallstone Ileus with One Stage Laparoscopic Management; the Tragedy, the Comedy and the Solution. Case Report
Authors: Alnagar Amr , Elkoumy Heba , Foula Mohamed , sakr Mohamed , Nabil Wael 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Gallstone ileus is one of the rare complications of gallbladder stones and is a comparatively unique trigger of alimentary tract obstruction. It involves the development of a cholecystoenteric fistula through which a gallstone has passed into the gastrointestinal tract. Spontaneous resolution of intestinal obstruction in gallstone ileus is extremely rare.Case presentation: We present a case of a 71-year-old female patient presented by right hypochondrial pain for 4 months. Patient gave history of absolute constipation and abdominal distention 2 months before presentation that lasted for 3 days and resolved spontaneously. Imaging showed gallbladder stone and pneumobilia. Laparoscopic exploration showed a cholecysto-duodenal fistula that was divided, opening in the first part duodenum was closed directly in double layers and cholecystectomy was completed successfully.Conclusion:Presence on pneumobilia in patient with gallstones should raise suspicion of fistula between biliary tree and gut. Obstruction component of gallstone ileus can resolve spontaneously in rare occasions. Single stage laparoscopic management of cholecysto-duodenal fistula is safe and feasible in presence of experienced HPB laparoscopic surgeon.
Effect of Lopinavir/Ritonavir Treatment On COVID-2019 Transmissibility: A Possible Option To Reduce Isolation Time
Authors: Kim Dong-Min , Chung Jae Keun , Kim Choon-Mee , Bang Mi-Seon , Tariq Misbah , Lee You Mi , Seo Jun-Won , Kim Da Young , Yun Na Ra , Seo Jinjong , Kim Yuri , Kim Min Ji , Cho Nam-Hyuk 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is a shortage of hospital wards to accommodate the increasing number of patients, especially in intensive care units. Healthcare systems are collapsing in many countries. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce isolation time. We examined the effect of lopinavir/ritonavir administration in patients with SARS-CoV-2. To assess the viral load, duration and clearance of viable virus; cell culture and RT-PCR were performed in parallel. No viable SARS-CoV-2 could be detected after administration of lopinavir/ritonavir with median time of viable viral clearance being one day after administration. The mean viral load in both upper and lower respiratory tract samples of lopinavir/ritonavir administered group was significantly lower than the group who were not treated with any antiviral agent. The duration of viable viral shedding was shorter in patients with lopinavir/ritonavir treatment compared with those without treatment. This study suggests that lopinavir/ritonavir treatment offers a possible method to reduce isolation time of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2.
Porous Multifunctional Phenylcarbamoylated-β-Cyclodextrin Polymers for Rapid Removal of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Wang He , Liu Congzhi , Ma Xiaofei , Wang Yong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, a series of porous multifunctional cyclodextrin (CD) polymers were fabricated using tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (TFTPN) as the rigid crosslinker for the condensation of different functional phenylcarbamoylated-β-cyclodextrin derivatives to afford three preliminary polymerized adsorption materials such as poly nitrophenylcarbamoylated-β-cyclodextrin (NO2-CDP), poly trifluoromethylphenylcarbamoylated-β-cyclodextrin (F-CDP), poly chlorophenylcarbamoylated-β-cyclodextrin polymers (Cl-CDP) and a mix β- cyclodextrin polymer (X-CDP) prepared via a secondary crosslinking procedure of the above three materials. The X-CDP preparation process connects the `pre-formed nanoparticles and increases the presence of linkers inside the particles. At the same time, X-CDP exhibited porous structure with various functional groups such as nitro, chlorine, fluorine and hydroxyl. Those special characteristics render this material with good adsorption ability towards various pollutants in water, including tetracycline, ibuprofen, dichlorophenol, norfloxacin, bisphenol A, naphthol. Especially the maximum adsorption capacity for tetracycline at equilibrium reached 230.15 mg·g− 1, which is competitive with the adsorption capacities of other polysaccharides adsorbents. X-CDP removed organic contaminants much more quickly than other adsorbents, reaching almost ~ 95% of its equilibrium in only 30 s. The main adsorption process of the pollutants by X-CDP fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm well, indicating that the adsorption process is monolayer adsorption. Moreover, X-CDP possessed the good reusability where the pollutant removal rate was only reduced 8.3% after five cycles.
High Expression of TTK As Colon Stem Cell Marker Correlated With M1 Macrophages Infiltration
Authors: Chen Hua , Wu Zhicong , Wu Nisha , Ma Zunya , Liang Yanling , Zeng Fangyin , Deng Fan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Tumor stemness-related genes promote tumor progression and resistance to immunotherapy, but the relation between tumor-infiltrating immune cells and colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) stemness-related genes remains unclear. Methods: The mRNAsi scores, a stemness index derived from transcriptomic data of the TCGA COAD cohort were used for integrated bioinformatics analysis. The Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was applied to classify the modules correlated with mRNAsi scores. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohorts GSE76402 was used to verify the DEGs between colon cancer and normal tissues. Real-time PCR and Flow-cytometry were used to validate the expression of genes and cancer stem cells marker in the spheres of colon cancer cells. The Single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) and CIBERSORT algorithm were used to explore the correlation between significant genes and the immune cells in tumor microenvironment. Result: The mRNAsi score was associated with tumor development and progression. TTK were identified as COAD stemness-related genes based on WGCNA analysis. TTK were negatively correlated with immunity. Interestingly, M1 Macrophages had a higher infiltration in COAD with high TTK expression. Higher infiltration of M1 Macrophages would result in the worse survival rate of COAD patients. Conclusion: TTK may have the potential as a prognostic biomarker and adjuvant target to promote immunotherapy sensitivity and improve outcomes of COAD patients.
Optimal Trajectory Planning Analysis of Robot Manipulator Using PSO
Authors: singh gurjeet , Banga V. K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
For large- and small-scale industry, the major issue considered as to obtain the orientation and desire position of robot manipulators. The analysis of robotic manipulation requires two kinds of kinematic analysis namely inverse and forward kinematic analysis. This article aims to frame the inverse kinematic model of 5 DOF and 6 DOF robot manipulator. Planning of a movement flow has been designed followed by the evaluation of all the Denavit –Hartenberg (DH) parameter for the estimation of the desired orientation and position of the end effector. For the inverse Kinematics solution, conventional technique like DH notation, iteration and transformation were being utilized. The trajectory inverse kinematics minimization has been the main objective in this study and it has been achieved by Particle Swarm Optimization PSO. A quintic 5th order polynomial with joint space trajectory has been implemented in this study to find the paths for velocity and acceleration evaluation. Cartesian Trajectory is applied to the shortest path and get the transformation matrix for each intermediate point. Finally, the obstacle avoidance has been exhibited by PSO. The distance velocity, acceleration and angular displacement have been evaluated to analyse the shortest path and obstacle path avoidance.
Interpretable Machine Learning Identifies Paediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Subtypes Based On Gene Expression Data
Authors: A.Yones Sara , Annett Alva , Stoll Patricia , Diamanti Klev , Holmfeldt Linda , Barrenäs Carl Fredrik , Meadows Jennifer , Komorowski Jan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Transcriptomic analyses are commonly used to identify differentially expressed genes between patients and controls, or within individuals across disease courses. These methods, whilst effective, cannot encompass the combinatorial effects of genes driving disease. We applied rule-based machine learning (RBML) models and rule networks (RN) to an existing paediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) blood expression dataset, with the goal of developing gene networks to separate low and high disease activity (DA1 and DA3). The resultant model had an 81% accuracy to distinguish between DA1 and DA3, with unsupervised hierarchical clustering revealing additional subgroups indicative of the immune axis involved or state of disease flare. These subgroups correlated with clinical variables, suggesting that the gene sets identified may further the understanding of gene networks that act in concert to drive disease progression. This included roles for genes i) induced by interferons (IFI35 and OTOF), ii) key to SLE cell types (KLRB1 encoding CD161), or iii) with roles in autophagy and NF-κB pathway responses (CKAP4). As demonstrated here, RBML approaches have the potential to reveal novel gene patterns from within a heterogeneous disease, facilitating patient clinical and therapeutic stratification.
3D Printed Template CT-Guided 125I Seed Implantation In The Treatment Of A Patient With Giant Type A Thymoma: A Case Report
Authors: Liu Jian-Ping , Zhang Jun , Zhang Guang-Lin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Thymoma, as a malignant tumor with low incidence, is still recommended to be treated with surgery. For middle and advanced patients who can not be treated with surgery, it is recommended to use preoperative radiochemotherapy or chemotherapy. After the tumor regressed, the feasibility of surgical resection will be evaluated. As a new technique developed in recent years, 3D template CT-guided 125I seed implantation has achieved effective results in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. Case presentation: We report a case of locally advanced giant thymoma (more than 10 cm) who received 3D template CT-guided 125I seed implantation and achieved clinical complete remission. Conclusions: It suggested that radioactive particle implantation may be a new and effective method for the nonoperative treatments of thymoma.
Genetic Diversity Among Sumac Accessions Collected From Five Areas of Iran
Authors: Sabaghnia Zeinab , Matloobi Mansour 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) has been used in human nutrition as herbal drug to treat different diseases for centuries. In recent years, its genetic improvement has engrossed more consideration because of its substantial portion to human health and nutrition. Middle East region, including Iran being its origin. However, the diffused cultivation of sumac, endangers its existence in the future, so its protection and genetic improvement may cause extensive cultivation. This investigation aims to determine the genetic variation among 23 sumac accessions. Of 18 different traits, consist of four descriptive characters were used. Analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences for all of the morphological characters, and the coefficient of variation ranged from 3.6% in seed length to 37.9% in the weight of the bunch. Results of mean comparison through LSD test indicated that accessions YA6, AB1, and AB2 following to YA10, KB1, KB2, KB3, and AB3 were the best performing accessions for most of the morphological traits. The cluster analysis classified accessions into four groups as Cluster-I can be regarded for the weight of ten fruit while Cluster-IV can be regarded for the weight of the bunch. The accessions of Cluster-II and Cluster-III had relatively good or average magnitudes for most of the studied charters, and they can be used for improving these sumac traits considering goals of the breeder. The factor analysis explained 74.81% (39.71% and 35.10% by factor-1 and factor-2, respectively) of the total variation. Traits leaf length, leaf width, terminal leaflet length, and terminal leaflet width are positively correlated based plot of the first two factors. Accessions YA6, AB1, and AB2 were the best performing accessions in terms of studied traits and are worth germplasm for next genetic improvement projects in sumac because they can be selected as parents for crossing and breeding new sumac cultivars in the future.
High Sensitivity of Surface Plasmon Enhanced Refractive Index Sensor Based on Tunable Liquid Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Covered with Four Gold-Films
Authors: Fan Zhenkai , Qin Jianye , Chu Shichao , Gao Junling 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A high sensitivity near-infrared photonic crystal fiber (PCF) refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is proposed in this paper. The sensing performance of the PCF refractive index sensor is calculated and analyzed by using the finite element method (FEM). The coated metal material selects for chemically stable gold, which is used to induce SPR. The resonant coupling will occurs when the phase matching condition is met between the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode and the fundamental mode. The influence of the diameter of the central hole and the thickness of the gold film on the resonance wavelength and the confinement loss was studied. Numerical results demonstrate that the average sensitivity of the sensor can reach to 3200nm/RIU, which can be used in the field of refractive index detecting.
Immune Profile Of Uveal Melanoma Patients: Impact On Clinical Outcome
Authors: Rossi Ernesto , Zizzari Ilaria Grazia , Filippo Alessandra Di , Acampora Anna , Pagliara Monica Maria , Sammarco Maria Grazia , Simmaco Maurizio , Lionetto Luana , Botticelli Andrea , Bria Emilio , Marchetti Paolo , Blasi Maria Antonietta , Tortora Giampaolo , Schinzari Giovanni , Nuti Marianna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background.

Immunotherapy represents a common therapeutic option for metastatic uveal melanoma, despite the low activity. Although overall survival is often dismal, long survivors can be observed. In this study, the prognostic role of the soluble isoforms of immunomodulatory receptors and cytokines/chemokines was evaluated as well as their ability to identify patients who can benefit more from anti-PD-1 therapy.
Methods.

Sera from 22 metastatic uveal melanoma patients were assayed to evaluate the levels of cytokines/chemokines and soluble immune checkpoint molecules by multiplex immunoassay analysis. The changes of these molecules during anti-PD-1 therapy were assessed. The correlation between soluble isoforms of immunomodulatory receptors/cytokines/chemokines and survival was analysed. A comparison between circulating immune profile of metastatic uveal melanoma and cutaneous melanoma during anti-PD-1 therapy was also performed.
Results.

The levels of sCD137, sCD28, sPD-1, sPD-L2 sLAG3, sCD80 and sTim3 were significantly enhanced during anti-PD-1 treatment. Similarly, the levels of IP-10, CCL2 and IDO activity were significantly increased during anti-PD-1 therapy. HVEM, IL-8 and IDO activity were higher in patients with survival < 6 months. Considering these 3 molecules, we obtained a score able to predict patients’ survival. Serum CD137, sGITR and sCD27 were significantly lower in patients with survival > 30 months. Serum GITR, sCD27, sPD-1, sCD80, IFNγ and IDO activity were significantly higher in uveal melanoma patients than in cutaneous melanoma patients during anti-PD-1 therapy.
Conclusions.

The molecules detected in uveal melanoma during anti-PD-1 treatment reflect the poor activation of immune system and may justify the limited response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Nevertheless, some patients with metastatic uveal melanoma had a long survival. These patients could be identified through a score based on circulating immune molecules such as HVEM, IDO and IL-8. The comparison of immune profile during anti-PD-1 therapy between uveal melanoma and cutaneous melanoma reflects the different efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in these diseases.
The Trophic Basis of Fish Assemblages in Temperate Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems
Authors: Goddard Belinda K. , Becker Alistair , Harasti David , Smith James A. , Suthers Iain M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
More than half of the fish biomass of coastal rocky reefs depends on zooplankton; however, the trophic basis of estuarine fish assemblages remains unknown. We quantified the trophic basis (i.e. basal energy sources) of fish community biomass inhabiting three habitat types (seagrass, natural reef and artificial reef) in two estuaries, and at two coastal rocky reef sites. Estuarine fish assemblages were surveyed with Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUVs). Species abundance, richness and biomass of fish were classified into 9 functional feeding groups (3 elasmobranch and 6 teleost). Comparable metrics for coastal fish assemblages were obtained from published surveys using BRUV, remote underwater video and visual census survey methods. Using the functional feeding group biomass and the group-specific diet composition, the breakdown of energy sources was calculated using a food web analysis. Estuarine reef habitats had different species and different functional feeding group composition than seagrass habitat. The majority of fish biomass in the seagrass habitat was supported by detritus (51% at one estuary) or macrophytes (58% at the other estuary). In contrast, zooplankton supported most fish biomass (45-59%) at the coastal reef locations, and in reef habitat in one estuary (35-43%), but not the other estuary (33-34%). The trophic basis of estuarine and coastal fish assemblages reveals their potential response to urbanisation including changes to habitat, nutrient supply and current flow.
Robust Behavioural Effects in Response to Acute, But Not Repeated, Terpene Administration in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio)
Authors: Szaszkiewicz Joshua , Leigh Shannon , Hamilton Trevor J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Terpenes are fragrant aromatic compounds produced by a variety of plants, most notably cannabis and hops. With increasing legalization of recreational and medicinal cannabis there is growing interest to better understand the behavioural effects of terpenes and ultimately their therapeutic value. Our study investigated the dose-dependent impact of three terpenes (limonene 0.25, 0.5, 0.75%; β-myrcene 0.001, 0.01, 0.1%; and 0.0001, 0.001, 0.00125% linalool) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) behaviour when exposed both acutely and repeatedly over a 7-day period. Anxiety-like behaviour, boldness, and locomotion were assessed using the open field test and the novel object approach test. In the acute dosing experiment, limonene and β-myrcene treatment groups demonstrated a significant decrease in locomotion, a decrease in anxiety-like behaviour, and an increase in boldness, while linalool treatment groups had minor alterations in locomotion. Moreover, chronic exposure to limonene (0.39%) or β-myrcene (0.0083%) did not result in any significant behavioural effects, suggesting that anxiety-like behaviour, locomotion, and boldness were not impacted at these levels. In conclusion, our study provides support for an anxiolytic and sedative effect in zebrafish in response to acute limonene, β-myrcene, and linalool exposure.
Change and Variability in Antarctic Coastal Exposure, 1979-2020
Authors: Reid Phillip , Massom Rob 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Increased exposure of Antarctica’s coastal environment to ocean waves due to loss of a protective sea-ice “buffer” has important ramifications for ice-shelf stability, coastal erosion, important ice-ocean-atmosphere interactions and shallow benthic ecosystems. Here, we introduce an important new climate and environmental metric based on the ongoing long-term satellite sea-ice concentration record, namely Coastal Exposure Length or CEL. This is a daily measure of (change and variability in) the length and incidence of Antarctic coastline lacking any protective sea-ice buffer offshore i.e., connected directly to the open ocean. On average and for 1979-2020, ~50% of Antarctica’s ~17,850-km coastline is fully exposed at mean annual maximum exposure each February (austral summer) with minimal exposure in winter. Regional contributions vary from 45% (Amundsen-Bellingshausen seas) to 58% (Indian Ocean and Ross Sea), with overall (circumpolar) annual exposure ranging from 38% (2019) to 63% (1993). The northern Antarctic Peninsula is the only region with year-round coastal exposure. The annual maximum length of Antarctic coastline exposed to fully open-ocean conditions decreased by ~30 km (or ~0.32%) per year for 1979-2020, but this slight negative trend is composed of distinct regional and seasonal contributions. The new findings provide previously-unavailable information on change around Antarctica’s vulnerable coastal margins, to aid improved modelling and prediction of the likely trajectory of the coastal system in coming decades in response to climate change (including a projected increase in Southern Ocean wave energy.