bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Centering Black feminist thought in nursing praxis
Authors: De Sousa Ismalia , Varcoe Colleen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFemininity and whiteness dominate Western nursing, silencing ontologies and epistemologies that do not align with these dominant norms while perpetuating systemic racism and discrimination in nursing practice, education, research, nursing activism, and sociopolitical structures. We propose Black feminist thought as a praxis to decenter, deconstruct, and unseat these ideologies and systems of power. Drawing from the work of past and present Black feminist scholars, we examine the ontological and epistemological perspectives of Black feminist thought. These include (i) the uniqueness and particular experiences of people, (ii) the acceptance of ontological and epistemological pluralism of truths and ways of knowing, and (iii) the mandate for equity in the health, social, political, and environmental structures of society. By focusing our attention on lived experiences and voices of those systematically excluded in nursing practice, education, research, and society, Black feminist thought offers an anticolonial, antiracist, and antidiscriminatory foundation for more effectively upholding nursing's disciplinary mandate for social justice and equity.
Changes in intestinal barrier protein expression and intestinal flora in a rat model of visceral hypersensitivity
Authors: Zhao Li , Ren Peipei , Wang Miaolei , Wang Jingjing , He Xueyun , Gu Jingyan , Lu Yanyu , Wu Yana , Liu Junhong , Wang Longde , Li Hongfang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDestruction of the intestinal mucosal barrier and visceral hypersensitivity are main pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The study aimed to establish a rat model of visceral hypersensitivity and explore mechanisms involved the changes of the intestinal barrier protein expression and intestinal flora.MethodsA rat model of visceral hypersensitivity was established and evaluated using abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores, colonic paracellular permeability, and gastrointestinal motility. The expression of tight junction proteins, aquaporin proteins (AQPs), phosphorylated ERK, and proteinase‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR‐2) was determined. The intestinal microflora was evaluated by high‐throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.Key resultsIn model rats, AWR score and fecal water content were significantly increased, gastrointestinal motilities were disorder and characterized by an inhibition of gastric motility and an enhancement of small intestinal and colonic movement. The expressions of colonic occludin, ZO‐1, AQP3, and AQP8 were decreased but claudin‐2 and claudin‐4 were markedly increased. Imbalance of intestinal flora appeared and showed an obvious decrease of Lactobacillus and an increase of Clostridiales_bacterium. Additionally, the total serine protease activity in feces, the expressions of PAR2 and phosphorylated ERK in the colon tissues were increased significantly.Conclusion and inferencesThe model rats of visceral hypersensitivity possess the decreased expression of occludin, ZO‐1, AQP3, AQP8, and the increased expression of claudin‐2 and claudin‐4, meanwhile develop an imbalance of intestinal flora which probably increase serine protease activity, thereby activating the PAR2/ERK signaling and causing the intestinal barrier disorder.
Effect of chronic restraint stress and western‐diet feeding on colonic regulatory gene expression in mice
Authors: Hatton‐Jones Kyle M. , du Toit Eugene F. , Cox Amanda J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiet‐induced obesity (DIO) and psychological stress are significant independent regulators of gastrointestinal physiology; however, our understanding of how these two disorders influence the host‐microbe interface is still poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to assess the combined influences of diet‐induced obesity and psychological stress on microbiome composition and colonic gene expression.MethodsC57BL/6J mice (n = 48) were subject to a combination of 22 weeks of Western diet (WD) feeding and a chronic restraint stressor (CRS) for the last 4 weeks of feeding. At the end of the combined intervention, microbiome composition was determined from cecal contents, and colonic tissue gene expression was assessed by multiplex analysis using NanoString nCounter System and real‐time qPCR.ResultsWD feeding induced a DIO phenotype with increased body weight, worsened metabolic markers, and alterations to microbiome composition. CRS reduced body weight in both dietary groups while having differential effects on glucose metabolism. CRS improved the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in WD‐fed animals while expanding the Proteobacteria phyla. Significantly lower expression of colonic Tlr4 (p = 0.008), Ocln (p = 0.004), and Cldn3 (p = 0.004) were noted in WD‐fed animals compared to controls with no synergistic effects observed when combined with CRS. No changes to colonic expression of downstream inflammatory mediators were observed. Interestingly, higher levels of expression of Cldn2 (p = 0.04) and bile acid receptor Nr1h4 (p = 0.02) were seen in mice exposed to CRS.ConclusionDifferential but not synergistic effects of WD and CRS were noted at the host‐microbe interface suggesting multifactorial responses that require further investigation.
Temperature‐induced dynamics of plant carbohydrate metabolism
Authors: Seydel Charlotte , Kitashova Anastasia , Fürtauer Lisa , Nägele Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCarbohydrates are direct products of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation. Within a changing temperature regime, both photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism need tight regulation to prevent irreversible damage of plant tissue and to sustain energy metabolism, growth and development. Due to climate change, plants are and will be exposed to both long‐term and short‐term temperature changes with increasing amplitude. Particularly sudden fluctuations, which might comprise a large temperature amplitude from low to high temperature, pose a challenge for plants from the cellular to the ecosystem level. A detailed understanding of fundamental regulatory processes, which link photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism under such fluctuating environmental conditions, is essential for an estimate of climate change consequences. Further, understanding these processes is important for biotechnological application, breeding and engineering. Environmental light and temperature regimes are sensed by a molecular network that comprises photoreceptors and molecular components of the circadian clock. Photosynthetic efficiency and plant productivity then critically depend on enzymatic regulation and regulatory circuits connecting plant cells with their environment and re‐stabilising photosynthetic efficiency and carbohydrate metabolism after temperature‐induced deflection. This review summarises and integrates current knowledge about re‐stabilisation of photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism after perturbation by changing temperature (heat and cold).
The farming and husbandry ofColossoma macropomum: From Amazonian waters to sustainable production
Authors: Hilsdorf Alexandre Wagner Silva , Hallerman Eric , Valladão Gustavo Moraes Ramos , Zaminhan‐Hassemer Micheli , Hashimoto Diogo Teruo , Dairiki Jony Koji , Takahashi Leonardo Susumu , Albergaria Francielly Corrêa , Gomes Maria Emília de Sousa , Venturieri Rossana Luiza Leite , Moreira Renata Guimarães , Cyrino José Eurico Possebon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWithin the rich diversity of South American freshwater fish,Colossoma macropomum(Characiformes: Serrasalmidae), known as tambaqui, cachama or blackfin pacu, can reach 30 kg, is a traditional product in regional fish markets and has drawn the attention of fish farmers since the 1930s. Considerable progress achieved in different fields of aquaculture science has contributed to the growth of tambaqui production. Tambaqui has proven suitable for both monoculture and polyculture systems, and for both extensive and intensive production systems aimed at achieving sustainable, higher productivity with minimal environmental impact. Studies of the reproductive anatomy and physiology of the species proved fundamental to development of techniques to boost commercial production, contributing to development of protocols for hormonally induced spawning and artificial propagation in the 1970s. Newly hatched larvae must be fed with live foods until they can be weaned to artificial feeds at about 100 mg weight. Despite its importance for aquaculture, only a few studies have reported components of quantitative genetic variance and parameters for weight at age, morphometric traits and disease resistance. Genomic tools currently available can be applied to detect variation relevant to performance and to accelerate the process of genetic improvement. While the species’ feeding habit allows the use of diets containing 75%–85% plant protein, much more work needs to be done to optimize aquafeeds. Refinement of tambaqui production methods has the potential to significantly boost South American aquaculture. We recommend research on diets, genetic improvement and system optimization to spur further productivity and achieve sustainable tambaqui culture.
Multiple Comparison Procedures for Discrete Uniform and Homogeneous Tests
Authors: Cousido-Rocha Marta , de Uña-Álvarez Jacobo , Döhler Sebastian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDiscrete uniform and homogeneous p-values often arise in applications with multiple testing. For example, this occurs in genome wide association studies whenever a non-parametric one-sample (or two-sample) test is applied throughout the gene loci. In this paper, we consider multiple comparison procedures for such scenarios based on several existing estimators for the proportion of true null hypotheses, π0, which take the discreteness of the p-values into account. The theoretical guarantees of the several approaches with respect to the estimation of π0 and the false discovery rate control are reviewed. The performance of the discrete procedures is investigated through intensive Monte Carlo simulations considering both independent and dependent p-values. The methods are applied to three real data sets for illustration purposes too. Since the particular estimator of π0 used to compute the q-values may influence its performance, relative advantages and disadvantages of the reviewed procedures are discussed. Practical recommendations are given.
Partitives and Indefinites: Phenomena in Italian Varieties
Authors: Baldi Benedetta , Savoia Leonardo M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis contribution examines the relation between genitives/ partitives and indefinites in some Italian varieties. A central question concerns the nature of the prepositionde/di(DE) ‘of’ (< Latinde), specifically investigated in contexts where it does not introduce the usual possessive or partitive reading: bare partitives/Partitive articles of Italian varieties, negative contexts in which a negative marker select a partitive occurrence ofDEof the typemia+DEin Northern Italian dialects and the linker‐like element in Southern Italian dialects. We propose that these structures rely on the lexical content ofDE, corresponding to the elementary relation part‐whole and that their particular behaviour can be treated in the terms of pair‐merge in the sense of Chomsky (2020). The indefinites in varieties devoid of thepartitive articlewill be treated in the final section.
Development of sustainable wetland management strategies by using the analytical hierarchy process and web‐based GIS: A case study from Turkey
Authors: Bakırman Tolga , Gümüşay Mustafa Ümit , Musaoğlu Nebiye , Tanık Ayşe Gül 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop sustainable management strategies for the Akgöl Wetland in Turkey, which lacked a management plan, in an integrated manner via using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and web‐based geographic information systems. As such, it aimed to present the utility of AHP in wetland management studies. Water quality and soil analysis, field studies and remote sensing analyses were simultaneously conducted to define the prevailing characteristics and dynamics of the wetland. The results of all the studies conducted were compiled and analysed by a multi‐disciplinary team of experts, and eight outstanding criteria for wetland rehabilitation were determined. A convenient web‐based GIS application, accessible online and capable of handling queries, was developed as part of dissemination activity. This study, by developing a management and a monitoring methodology, forms a model for other wetlands suffering from changes in both quality and quantity, which is still a common problem experienced in the world today.
NATURALISTIC RELIGIOUS PRACTICES: WHAT NATURALISTS HAVE BEEN DISCUSSING AND DOING
Authors: Macalister Todd 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBeyond philosophical perspectives on how naturalism can be considered as a focus of religious orientation, a number of naturalists have been exploring things that might be done as spiritual/religious practices. This article gives an overview of types of practices that have been considered—both in published descriptions of what authors have suggested can be done, and what naturalists have said they are doing as parts of personal practice. It will discuss themes in activities and reasons for engaging in practices, and ways that acts may contribute to well‐being.
Effects of aerobic exercise on lipopolysaccharide‐induced experimental acute lung injury in the animal model of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ömercioğlu Göktuğ , Akat Fırat , Fıçıcılar Hakan , Billur Deniz , Çalışkan Hasan , Kızıl Şule , Bayram Pınar , Can Belgin , Baştuğ Metin 
Published: November 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
We evaluated the effects of diabetes and exercise on lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury. By providing a comprehensive analysis of redox status, blood gases and histological parameters, we aimed to contribute to the ongoing debate in the literature.

What are the main findings and its importance?
We demonstrated the preventive effect of exercise, but diabetes did not alter the severity of acute lung injury.

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) is a life‐threatening respiratory condition. Diabetes (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycaemia. There is an ongoing debate concerning whether there is a protective effect of diabetes in ALI. Exercise is a special type of physical activity that has numerous beneficial effects. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of diabetes and exercise on the prognosis of ALI. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups (sedentary and exercise). Both groups were divided into four subgroups: Control, ALI, DM, DM+ALI (n = 6 each). Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg i.p.). The maximal exercise capacity was determined with the incremental load test. Animals were exercised on a treadmill for 45 min at 70% of maximal exercise capacity, 5 days a week for 12 weeks. Acute lung injury was induced by intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (100 μg/100 g body weight) 24 h before the end of the experiment. We performed arterial blood gas analysis. Redox status was measured in both plasma and lung tissue. Malondialdehyde and 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine levels were measured in lung tissue. Lung tissue was evaluated histologically. Acute lung injury caused significant damage in the lung tissue, which was verified histologically, with an increase in oxidative stress parameters. Exercise prevented the lung damage induced by ALI and reduced oxidative stress in the lung tissue. Diabetes did not alter the magnitude of damage done by ALI. Exercise showed a protective effect against DM and ALI in rats. The effect of DM was insignificant for the prognosis of ALI.
Biomechanical in Vitro and Finite Element Study On Different Sagittal Alignment Postures of the Lumbar Spine During Multiaxial Daily Motion
Authors: Wilmanns Nadja , Beckmann Agnes , Nicolini Luis Fernando , Herren Christian , Sobottke Rolf , Hildebrand Frank , Siewe Jan , Kobbe Philipp , Markert Bernd , Stoffel Marcus 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Lumbar Lordotic correction (LLC), the gold standard treatment for Sagittal Spinal malalignment (SMA), and its effect on sagittal balance have been critically discussed in recent studies. This paper assesses the biomechanical response of the spinal components to LLC as an additional factor for the evaluation of LLC.
Human lumbar spines (L2L5) were loaded with combined bending moments in Flexion (Flex)/Extension (Ex) or Lateral Bending (LatBend) and Axial Rotation (AxRot) in a physiological environment. We examined the dependency of AxRot range of motion (RoM) on the applied bending moment. The results were used to validate a Finite Element (FE) model of the lumbar spine. With this model, the biomechanical response of the intervertebral discs (IVD) and facet joints under daily motion was studied for different sagittal spinal alignment (SA) postures, simulated by a motion in Flex/Ex direction.
Applied bending moments decreased AxRot RoM significantly (all P&lt;0.001). A stronger decline of AxRot RoM for Ex than for Flex direction was observed (all P&lt;0.0001). Our simulated results largely agreed with the experimental data (all R2&gt;0.79). During daily motion, the IVD was loaded higher with increasing lumbar lordosis (LL) for all evaluated values at L2L3 and L3L4 and posterior Annulus Stress (AS) at L4L5 (all P&lt;0.0476).
The results of this study indicate that LLC with large extensions of LL may not always be advantageous regarding the biomechanical loading of the IVD. This finding may be used to improve the planning process of LLC treatments.
Continuum Thermodynamics of Constrained Reactive Mixtures
Authors: Ateshian Gerard A. , Zimmerman Brandon K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mixture theory models continua consisting of multiple constituents with independent motions. In constrained mixtures, all constituents share the same velocity but they may have different reference configurations. The theory of constrained reactive mixtures was formulated to analyze growth and remodeling in living biological tissues. It can also reproduce and extend classical frameworks of damage mechanics and viscoelasticity under isothermal conditions, when modeling bonds that can break and reform. This study focuses on establishing the thermodynamic foundations of constrained reactive mixtures under more general conditions, for arbitrary reactive processes where temperature varies in time and space. By incorporating general expressions for reaction kinetics, it is shown that the residual dissipation statement of the Clausius–Duhem inequality must include a reactive power density, while the axiom of energy balance must include a reactive heat supply density. Both of these functions are proportional to the molar production rate of a reaction, and they depend on the chemical potentials of the mixture constituents. We present novel formulas for the classical thermodynamic concepts of energy of formation and heat of reaction, making it possible to evaluate the heat supply generated by reactive processes from the knowledge of the specific free energy of mixture constituents as well as the reaction rate. We illustrate these novel concepts with mixtures of ideal gases, and isothermal reactive damage mechanics and viscoelasticity, as well as reactive thermoelasticity. This framework facilitates the analysis of reactive tissue biomechanics and physiological and biomedical engineering processes where temperature variations cannot be neglected.
Organic Constituents and Biota in the Urban Atmospheric Solid Aerosol: Potential Effects on Urban Soils
Authors: Prokof’eva T. V. , Shoba S. A. , Lysak L. V. , Ivanova A. E. , Glushakova A. M. , Shishkov V. A. , Lapygina E. V. , Shilaika P. D. , Glebova A. A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The main components of solid atmospheric aerosol are soil and rock particles raised from the earth’s surface by wind erosion, and primary biological aerosol particles. In the composition of atmospheric aerosol, many pollutants, both mineral and organic, appear in areas with intensive human activity. Summer dust (solid atmospheric fallouts) that fell out of atmosphere was collected at two sites in Moscow (the territory of the Leo Tolstoy Museum-Estate in Khamovniki and the Botanical Garden of the Biological Faculty of Moscow State University). Morphological and microbiological studies were carried out in order to characterize the composition of the organic part of urban solid atmospheric fallouts and its possible impact on soils and the urban ecosystem as a whole. It has been found that the composition of the organic part of the samples was identical and included: the representatives of aeroplankton and other particles of biological origin, and also fragments of oil films, plastic fibers, carbon particles, etc., which indicated the hydrocarbon and microplastic pollution brought from the atmosphere. The composition of the studied groups of microorganisms in atmospheric fallouts and in urban soils was similar and indicated close ecological links between urban dust aerosol and soils. The biomass of the studied groups of microorganisms of atmospheric solids was dominated by fungi, many of which are potentially pathogenic and allergenic organisms. Apparently, atmospheric solid aerosols are carriers of microbiological pollution associated with animal feces in the city. The presence of such particles in the air indicates insufficient soil activity as a “bacterial filter”.