bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of Apomorphine-Induced Vaginal Hemodynamics in an Ovariectomized Rat Model Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Probe
Authors: Jeong Hyeryun , Lee Hyun-Suk , Seong Myeongsu , Baek Jaewoo , Park Kwangsung , Kim Jae Gwan 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONFemale sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) can be caused by the change in vaginal structure due to the decline of estrogen and one of the main symptoms is vaginal dryness. FSAD is a prevalent problem afflicting women all over the world and thus the interest is growing on the matter, but related studies of monitoring FSAD using a non-invasive optical method barely have been carried out.AimThis study aims to investigate the longitudinal changes in female sexual arousal response induced by apomorphine (APO) administration in the ovariectomized rat using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) probe.MethodsTo elicit sexual arousal, APO was administered subcutaneously to animals (n = 6) before and after ovariectomy, and the changes in oxyhemoglobin (OHb), deoxyhemoglobin (RHb), total hemoglobin (THb) concentration, and temperature on the vaginal wall after APO administration were monitored bi-weekly for 8 weeks. Furthermore, estradiol hormone, vaginal secretion, and body weight have been measured for comparison with the results from vaginal hemodynamics.RESULTSAPO administration caused the increase of vaginal OHb and RHb concentration but a decrease in temperature. The amplitude of OHb, RHb, and THb increase induced by APO gradually decreased over 8 weeks after ovariectomy while the decrease in vaginal temperature became profound. The level of estradiol and vaginal secretions also decreased over 8 weeks after ovariectomy, but bodyweight showed an increasing trend.CONCLUSIONSA comparison between the parameters measured from the NIRS probe and the others (estradiol level, amount of vaginal secretion, and body weight) proved that the NIRS has the potential as a monitoring tool to evaluate female sexual arousal response.
Pathways to social inequality
Authors: Haynie Hannah J. , Kavanagh Patrick H. , Jordan Fiona M. , Ember Carol R , Gray Russell D. , Greenhill Simon J. , Kirby Kathryn R. , Kushnick Geoff , Low Bobbi S. , Tuff Ty , Vilela Bruno , Botero Carlos A. , Gavin Michael C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Effect of a urine culture stewardship initiative on urine culture utilization and catheter-associated urinary tract infections in intensive care units
Authors: Al-Bizri Layla A. , Vahia Amit T. , Rizvi Khulood , Bardossy Ana C. , Robinson Paula K. , Shelters Ryan T. , Klotz Susan , Starr Patricia M. , Reyes Katherine Q. , Suleyman Geehan , Alangaden George J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:Urine cultures have poor specificity for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). We evaluated the effect of a urine-culture stewardship program on urine culture utilization and CAUTI in adult intensive care units (ICUs).Design:A quasi-interventional study was performed from 2015 to 2017.Setting and patients:The study cohort comprised 21,367 patients admitted to the ICU at a teaching hospital.Intervention:The urine culture stewardship program included monthly 1-hour discussions with ICU house staff emphasizing avoidance of “pan-culture” for sepsis workup and obtaining urine culture only if a urinary source of sepsis is suspected. The urine culture utilization rate metric (UCUR; ie, no. urine cultueres/catheter days ×100) was utilized to measure the effect. Monthly UCUR, catheter utilization ratio (CUR), and CAUTI rate were reported on an interactive quality dashboard. To ensure safety, catheterized ICU patients (2015–2016) were evaluated for 30-day readmission for UTI. Time-series data and relationships were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficients and regression analysis.Results:Urine culture utilization decreased from 3,081 in 2015 to 2,158 in 2016 to 1,218 in 2017. CAUTIs decreased from 78 in 2015 to 60 in 2016 and 28 in 2017. Regression analysis over time showed significant decreases in UCUR (r, 0.917; P < .0001) and CAUTI rate (r, 0.657; P < .0001). The co-correlation between UCUR and CAUTI rate was (r, 0.625; P < .0001) compared to CUR and CAUTI rate (r, 0.523; P = .004). None of these patients was readmitted with a CAUTI.Conclusions:Urine culture stewardship program was effective and safe in reducing UC overutilization and was correlated with a decrease in CAUTIs. Addition of urine-culture stewardship to standard best practices could reduce CAUTI in ICUs.
Refining the mass estimate for the intermediate-mass black hole candidate in NGC 3319
Authors: Davis Benjamin L. , Graham Alister W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recent X-ray observations by Jiang et al. have identified an active galactic nucleus (AGN) in the bulgeless spiral galaxy NGC 3319, located just

$14.3\pm 1.1$

Mpc away, and suggest the presence of an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH;

$10^2\leq M_\bullet/\textrm{M}_{\odot}\leq 10^5$

) if the Eddington ratios are as high as 3 to

$3\times10^{-3}$

. In an effort to refine the black hole mass for this (currently) rare class of object, we have explored multiple black hole mass scaling relations, such as those involving the (not previously used) velocity dispersion, logarithmic spiral arm pitch angle, total galaxy stellar mass, nuclear star cluster mass, rotational velocity, and colour of NGC 3319, to obtain 10 mass estimates, of differing accuracy. We have calculated a mass of

$3.14_{-2.20}^{+7.02}\times10^4\,\textrm{M}_\odot$

, with a confidence of 84% that it is

$\leq $

$10^5\,\textrm{M}_\odot$

, based on the combined probability density function from seven of these individual estimates. Our conservative approach excluded two black hole mass estimates (via the nuclear star cluster mass and the fundamental plane of black hole activity—which only applies to black holes with low accretion rates) that were upper limits of

${\sim}10^5\,{\textrm M}_{\odot}$

, and it did not use the

$M_\bullet$

–

$L_{\textrm 2-10\,\textrm{keV}}$

relation’s prediction of

$\sim$

$10^5\,{\textrm M}_{\odot}$

. This target provides an exceptional opportunity to study an IMBH in AGN mode and advance our demographic knowledge of black holes. Furthermore, we introduce our novel method of meta-analysis as a beneficial technique for identifying new IMBH candidates by quantifying the probability that a galaxy possesses an IMBH.
Irresponsabilités relationnelles, asymétries de pouvoir et injustices ordinaires du quotidien
Authors: Mayer Stéphanie 
Published: July 2021

RésuméDans cet article, les injustices en matière de responsabilités decareentre les partenaires hétérosexuel.les sont problématisées comme des irresponsabilités relationnelles. D'abord, l'apport des théories du care à l'appréhension des asymétries de pouvoir liées au déséquilibre dans le travail de soin est discuté. Ensuite, les manifestations de ce déséquilibre sont illustrées dans les arrangements intimes établis par les couples. Ces conséquences injustes sont, par la suite, conceptualisées comme des « irresponsabilités relationnelles ». Enfin, une conception de la coresponsabilité relationnelle est proposée dans une perspective de plus de justice et de démocratie entre les personnes, dans le privé comme le public.
Why imaginary worlds? The psychological foundations and cultural evolution of fictions with imaginary worlds
Authors: Dubourg Edgar , Baumard Nicolas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Imaginary worlds are extremely successful. The most popular fictions produced in the last few decades contain such a fictional world. They can be found in all fictional media, from novels (e.g., Lord of The Rings and Harry Potter) to films (e.g., Star Wars and Avatar), video games (e.g., The Legend of Zelda and Final Fantasy), graphic novels (e.g., One Piece and Naruto), and TV series (e.g., Star Trek and Game of Thrones), and they date as far back as ancient literature (e.g., the Cyclops Islands in The Odyssey, 850 BCE). Why such a success? Why so much attention devoted to non-existent worlds? In this paper, we propose that imaginary worlds co-opt our preferences for exploration, which have evolved in humans and nonhuman animals alike, to propel individuals toward new environments and new sources of reward. Humans would find imaginary worlds very attractive for the very same reasons, and under the same circumstances, as they are lured by unfamiliar environments in real life. After reviewing research on exploratory preferences in behavioral ecology, environmental esthetics, neuroscience, and evolutionary and developmental psychology, we focus on the sources of their variability across time and space, which we argue can account for the variability of the cultural preference for imaginary worlds. This hypothesis can, therefore, explain the way imaginary worlds evolved culturally, their shape and content, their recent striking success, and their distribution across time and populations.
Socio-economic inequality in long-term care: a comparison of three time periods in the Netherlands
Authors: Abbing Jens , Suanet Bianca , van Groenou Marjolein Broese 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs a result of the rapid ageing of societies, meeting the demands for long-term care has become increasingly difficult. In the Netherlands, informal care is recognised as a key element to compensate for cut-backs in formal care provision. Formal, informal and privately paid long-term care services, however, are not used equally across socio-economic status (SES) groups and whether these inequalities have been reduced or exacerbated over time has not been researched. This study investigates to what extent educational and income inequalities in the use of formal, informal and privately paid care have changed over time. Data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) was used from three points in time: 1995 (N = 787), 2005 (N = 550) and 2015 (N = 473). Participants were between 75 and 85 years of age and living independently. The results indicate that lower SES groups are consistently more likely to use formal and informal care, and less likely to use privately paid care compared to higher SES groups. An increase in inequality was only found in the use of informal care; while informal care use is stable among lower SES groups, it decreases steeply among higher SES groups. These findings highlight the importance of education for explaining variation and changes over time in care use. Governmental efforts to mobilise informal care-givers might be outweighed by trends towards less long-term care.
The effect of roles prescribed by active ageing on quality of life across European regions
Authors: Lakomý Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe active ageing approach supports a set of roles or activities that are supposed to be beneficial for older adults. This paper reassesses the benefits of activities for the quality of life by (a) analysing many activities at the same time to control each other, (b) using panel data to detect the effects of activities over time, and (c) performing separate analyses for four European regions to test the context-specificity of the effects. The effects of roles in later life are tested on panel data from three waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) project. The results of fixed-effects regression show that only some activities – volunteering, participating in a club and physical activity – increase the quality of life, and that care-giving within the household has the opposite effect. Moreover, the beneficial effects are much weaker and less stable than the other types of regression suggest; they are beneficial only in some regions, and their effect is much weaker than the effects of age, health and economic situation. Therefore, the active ageing approach and activity theory should reflect the diverse conditions and needs of older adults to formulate more-context-sensitive and less-normative policy recommendations.
Making the mundane remarkable: an ethnography of the ‘dignity encounter’ in community district nursing
Authors: Stevens Emma , Price Elizabeth , Walker Elizabeth 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe concept of dignity is core to community district nursing practice, yet it is profoundly complex with multiple meanings and interpretations. Dignity does not exist absolutely, but, rather, becomes socially (de)constructed through and within social interactions between nurses and older adult patients in relational aspects of care. It is a concept, however, which has, to date, received little attention in the context of the community nursing care of older adults. Previous research into dignity in health care has often focused on care within institutional environments, very little, however, explores the variety of ways in which dignity is operationalised in community settings where district nursing care is conducted ‘behind closed doors’, largely free from the external gaze. This means dignity (or the lack of it) may go unobserved in community settings. Drawing on observational and interview data, this paper highlights the significance of dignity for older adults receiving nursing care in their own homes. We will demonstrate, in particular, how dignity manifests within the relational aspects of district nursing care delivery and how tasks involving bodywork can be critical to the ways in which dignity is both promoted and undermined. We will further highlight how micro-articulations in caring relationships fundamentally shape the ‘dignity encounter’ through a consideration of the routine and, arguably, mundane aspects of community district nursing care in the home.
Experiences of social frailty among rural community-dwelling and assisted-living older adults: a qualitative study
Authors: Bunt Steven , Steverink Nardi , Douma Linden , van der Schans Cees , Hobbelen Hans , Meijering Louise 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough social frailty has been described from a theoretical perspective, the lived experiences of older adults regarding social frailty are yet unknown. In this paper, we aim to (a) gain more in-depth insights into community-dwelling and assisted-living older adults’ experiences of social frailty and (b) explore the differences in these experiences between these two groups. We conduct a thematic analysis of 38 interviews with community-dwelling and assisted-living older adults in rural villages the Netherlands. We structure our findings along three overarching themes which highlight different aspects of the social frailty experiences of our participants: (a) present resources and activities to fulfil social needs, (b) resources and activities that have been lost, and (c) how they manage and adapt to changes in resources and activities over time. Loneliness is only reported among the community-dwelling participants, while the loss of mobility and participation in (social) activities is experienced most strongly by the assisted-living participants. These findings challenge the widespread policies and practices of ageing in place. We conclude that for some older adults, living in assisted arrangements is preferred over ageing in place, as doing so can prevent social frailty. The key reason for this is that life in assisted living is likely to bring about new social resources and activities, which may serve to fulfil the social needs of older adults.
Examining the role of driven-game shooting as a psycho-social resource for older adults in rural areas: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Latham-Green Tracey , Hazenberg Richard , Denny Simon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper explores whether regular involvement in a rural, country sport, frequently practised by older individuals, builds social capital and friendships, reduces loneliness, and positively impacts individuals’ health and wellbeing. Taking a critical realist, mixed-methods approach, using a recognised social impact assessment methodology theoretically underpinned by social capital theory, this study identifies that driven-game shooting participation creates social impact via social capital creation and identity reinforcement. Results indicate a statistically significant, positive impact on mental health and wellbeing (N = 2,424), which varies by shoot size and/or type. The results are discussed in relation to implications for managing elderly health and wellbeing in rural areas.
Conservative Anti-Colonialism: Maududi, Marx and Social Equality
Authors: IQTIDAR HUMEIRA 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAbul A‘la Maududi explicitly built on Islamic ideas of equality to critique nationalism and modern racism. How then could he reject the idea of social equality between men and women? This is particularly puzzling given his noticeable employment of a Marxist critique of the marketisation of society and liberal conceptions of freedom in his controversial 1939 bookPardah. Parsing out the structure of his argument inPardahin some detail and emphasising the hitherto understudied engagement with Marxist ideas in his thought, this article shows that Maududi rejected a specific vision of social equality, where equality amounts to exchangeability. His use of Marxist ideas to non-Marxist ends was in large part a result of his assessment of Marx as a capable historian but a flawed philosopher, and more fundamentally a very different conception of society to the Marxist one. Maududi relied on his by then well-developed concept of divine sovereignty to carry much of the conceptual burden regarding his critique of, as well as alternatives to, social equality.
Palliative care in the emergency department: A qualitative study exploring barriers, facilitators, desired clinician qualities, and future directions
Authors: Gips Alexa , Daubman Bethany-Rose , Petrillo Laura A. , Bowman Jason , Ouchi Kei , Traeger Lara , Jackson Vicki , Grudzen Corita , Ritchie Christine Seel , Aaronson Emily Loving 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the perceived qualities of successful palliative care (PC) providers in the emergency department (ED), barriers and facilitators to ED–PC, and clinicians’ perspectives on the future of ED–PC.MethodThis qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted in June–August 2020. Interviews were analyzed via a two-phase Rapid Analysis. The study's primary outcomes (innovations in ED–PC during COVID) are published elsewhere. In this secondary analysis, we examine interviewee responses to broader questions about ED–PC currently and in the future.ResultsPC providers perceived as successful in their work in the ED were described as autonomous, competent, flexible, fast, and fluent in ED language and culture. Barriers to ED–PC integration included the ED environment, lack of access to PC providers at all times, the ED perception of PC, and the lack of a supporting financial model. Facilitators to ED–PC integration included proactive identification of patients who would benefit from PC, ED-focused PC education and tools, PC presence in the ED, and data supporting ED–PC. Increased primary PC education for ED staff, increased automation, and innovative ED–PC models were seen as areas for future growth.Significance of resultsOur findings provide useful information for PC programs considering expanding their ED presence, particularly as this is the first study to our knowledge that examines traits of successful PC providers in the ED environment. Our findings also suggest that, despite growth in the arena of ED–PC, barriers and facilitators remain similar to those identified previously. Future research is needed to evaluate the impact that ED–PC initiatives may have on patient and system outcomes, to identify a financial model to maintain ED–PC integration, and to examine whether perceptions of successful providers align with objective measures of the same.
THREE MODEL-THEORETIC CONSTRUCTIONS FOR GENERALIZED EPSTEIN SEMANTICS
Authors: KRAWCZYK KRZYSZTOF A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces three model-theoretic constructions for generalized Epstein semantics: reducts, ultramodels and
$\textsf {S}$
-sets. We apply these notions to obtain metatheoretical results. We prove connective inexpressibility by means of a reduct, compactness by an ultramodel and definability theorem which states that a set of generalized Epstein models is definable iff it is closed under ultramodels and
$\textsf {S}$
-sets. Furthermore, a corollary concerning definability of a set of models by a single formula is given on the basis of the main theorem and the compactness theorem. We also provide an example of a natural set of generalized Epstein models which is undefinable. Its undefinability is proven by means of an
$\textsf {S}$
-set.
Typhoon Control of Precipitation Dual Isotopes in Southern China and Its Palaeoenvironmental Implications
Authors: Chen Fajin , Huang Chao , Lao Qibin , Zhang Shuwen , Chen Chunqing , Zhou Xin , Lu Xuan , Zhu Qingmei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigh‐resolution stalagmite oxygen isotope (δ18O) records are widely employed in palaeoclimate studies as indicators of East Asian Monsoon intensity in southern China. A key issue is whether the East Asian Monsoon or other factors control δ18O in precipitation in southern China, which requires modern observations to confirm. To understand which factors control the dual isotopes (δD and δ18O) of precipitation in southern China, δD and δ18O were measured from 412 precipitation events (including 144 rainwater samples from a total of 43 typhoon events) from May 2015 to April 2020 in Zhanjiang, a tropical city frequently affected by typhoon events in southern China. The overall relationship between δD and δ18O can be expressed as δD = 8.961 δ18O + 6.235; significantly lower intercept and larger slope of this relationship compared to these of the global meteoric water line (GMWL) and the China meteoric water line (CMWL). Remarkably, significantly low D‐excess and the lowest δD and δ18O occurred in the typhoon periods, suggesting that typhoon events could bring large amounts of remote moisture to this tropical city from the Western Pacific and South China Sea. The moisture from remote oceans would affect precipitation with the lowest δ18O and D‐excess, which could be responsible for the deviation of the slope and intercept from those of the CMWL and GMWL. Therefore, variations of the δ18O in precipitation are intensively influenced by typhoons, not by the East Asian Monsoon, providing new understanding for the interpretation of palaeo‐isotope data in southern China.
Contrasting the Role of Regional and Remote Circulation in Driving Asian Monsoon Biases in MetUM GA7.1
Authors: Liu Zhen , Bollasina Massimo A. , Wilcox Laura J. , Rodríguez José M. , Regayre Leighton A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMonsoon precipitation affects nearly half of the world's population, but monsoon biases are a long‐standing problem in climate simulations. We apply dynamical nudging either globally or regionally to demonstrate the role of regional and remote circulation in generating Asian monsoon biases in an atmospheric general circulation model. Monsoon precipitation biases are substantially reduced in response to global nudging but may also be exacerbated over the warm oceanic equatorial areas because of unconstrained sub‐grid convection. Regional nudging over Asia appears to be more efficient than nudging outside Asia in reducing seasonal precipitation biases over eastern China and India. This suggests a predominant role of local circulation anomalies in generating monsoon precipitation errors in these regions. An exception is the summer precipitation bias over eastern China, which is more strongly controlled by remote circulation. Besides seasonal mean rainfall, nudging can also improve the simulated interannual and intraseasonal precipitation variability over the subtropics. This results in a better skill in reproducing the observed El Niño teleconnections to India and China and the monsoon onset date. Improved understanding of the origin of Asian monsoon biases and the contribution from regional and remote circulation advances our knowledge of the interplay between the Asian monsoon and large‐scale circulation, which can be beneficial to the simulation and interpretation of monsoon projections.