bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“My brain feels like a browser with 100 tabs open”: A longitudinal study of teachers’ mental health and well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kim Lisa E. , Oxley Laura , Asbury Kathryn 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundTeaching and caring for pupils during the COVID‐19 pandemic has been a challenge for many teachers, and its impact on teachers’ mental health and well‐being (MHWB) should be of great national and international concern.Aim and participantsThis study examines 24 primary and secondary school teachers’ MHWB experiences across three time points (April, July, and November 2020) using longitudinal qualitative trajectory analysis.MethodWe used a mixture of inductive and deductive coding, based on the Job Demands–Resources Model, to identify the job demands (aspects of the job that can be physically or psychologically costly) and job resources (aspects of the job that can buffer the effects of job demands and promote achievement and growth) teachers reported experiencing across the three time points.ResultsGenerally, teachers’ MHWB seemed to have declined throughout the pandemic, especially for primary school leaders. Six job demands contributed negatively to teachers’ MHWB (i.e., uncertainty, workload, negative perception of the profession, concern for others’ well‐being, health struggles, and multiple roles) and three job resources contributed positively to their MHWB (i.e., social support, work autonomy, and coping strategies).ConclusionsPolicymakers and practitioners can support teachers’ MHWB by engaging in more collaborative communication and ensuring greater accessibility to sources of social support. These discussions and provisions will be crucial in supporting teachers, and thereby the educational system, both during and after the pandemic.
Current status of haemophilia inhibitor management in mainland China: a haemophilia treatment centres survey on treatment preferences and real‐world clinical practices
Authors: Liu Wei , Xue Feng , Poon Man‐Chiu , Chen Lingling , Jin Zhaona , Zhang Lei , Yang Renchi 
Published: August 2021

SummaryTo investigate the current experience and expertise for haemophilia inhibitor patient management in haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs) in mainland China. Questionnaires were distributed to ‘tertiary tier A’ hospital HTCs across China to collect information on treatment preferences for bleeding control, prophylaxis and inhibitor eradication, as well as their regimens in real‐world clinical practice. Of 40 questionnaires distributed, 39 were returned. In all, 38 were analysable for treatment preferences and 34 for actual clinical practice. For haemostatic treatment, 76·3% (29/38) HTCs preferred activated recombinant human Factor VII (rFVIIa). In clinical practice, the most widely used by‐pass agent was prothrombin complex concentrate (26 HTCs). Although 65·8% (25/38) of HTCs believed prophylaxis treatment was necessary, it was prescribed in only 12. Similarly, 65·8% (25/38) of HTCs believed immune tolerance induction (ITI) therapy was necessary but only 14·8% (92/622) of patients in 19 HTCs received low‐dose ITI treatment. HTCs in relatively economically developed cities (with higher‐than‐average per‐capita gross domestic product) had better access to haemostatic treatment, coagulation testing and were more likely to provide prophylaxis and ITI in practice. The present survey showed there were gaps in haemophilia inhibitor care between the HTC physicians’ preferences and their actual clinical practice. More specific care guidelines, education and clinical decision support tools are needed to guide clinical practice.
Validation of obesity‐related diagnosis codes in claims data
Authors: Suissa Karine , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Lin Kueiyu Joshua , Brill Gregory , Kim Seoyoung C. , Patorno Elisabetta 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo determine whether body mass index (BMI) can be accurately identified in epidemiological studies using claims databases.Materials and methodsUsing the Mass General Brigham Research Patient Data Repository‐Medicare‐linked database, we identified a cohort of patients with a BMI measurement for the periods January 1 to June 31, 2014 or January 1 to June 31, 2016, to capture both the International Classification of Disease (ICD)‐9 and ICD‐10 eras. Patients were divided into two groups, with or without an obesity‐related ICD code in the 6 months before or after the BMI measurement date. We created two binary measures, first for composite overweight, obesity, or severe obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2), and second for obesity or severe obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). We calculated accuracy measures (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value [PPV] and negative predictive value [NPV]) for each obesity category for the overall cohort, and stratified by type 2 diabetes and ICD‐code era.ResultsThe cohort included 73 644 patients with a BMI measurement in 2014 or 2016, of whom 16 280 had an obesity‐related ICD code. The specificity of obesity‐related ICD codes (ICD‐9 and ICD‐10) was 99.7% for underweight/normal weight, 97.4% for overweight, 99.7% for obese and 98.9% for severely obese. For binary categories capturing BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and BMI ≥30 kg/m2, specificity was 97.0% and 98.2%, and PPV was 86.9% and 97.3%. Sensitivity was low overall (<40%). Codes for patients with type 2 diabetes and codes in the ICD‐10 era had higher sensitivity, PPV and NPV.ConclusionObesity‐related ICD codes can accurately identify patients with obesity in epidemiological studies using claims databases.
Efficacy and safety of sotagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and severe renal impairment
Authors: Cherney David Z. I. , Ferrannini Ele , Umpierrez Guillermo E. , Peters Anne L. , Rosenstock Julio , Carroll Amy K. , Lapuerta Pablo , Banks Phillip , Agarwal Rajiv 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTo assess the efficacy and safety of sotagliflozin, a dual inhibitor of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐1 and ‐2, in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD4).Materials and MethodsThis 52‐week, phase 3, randomized (1:1:1), placebo‐controlled trial evaluated sotagliflozin 200 mg and sotagliflozin 400 mg once daily in 277 patients with T2D and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 15 to 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. The primary endpoint was glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction with sotagliflozin 400 mg versus placebo at 26 weeks. A hierarchical statistical testing approach was used.ResultsThe baseline mean HbA1c was 65 ± 12 mmol/mol (8.1% ± 1.1%), systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 144 ± 15 mmHg, and eGFR was 24 ± 4 mL/min/1.73m2. Placebo‐adjusted changes with sotagliflozin 400 mg were –3 mmol/mol (−0.3%; 95% confidence interval –7 to 0.6 [−0.6 to 0.05]; P = 0.096) and –8 mmol/mol (−0.7%; –13 to –3 [−1.2 to −0.2]; P = 0.003) in HbA1c at Weeks 26 and 52, respectively, −1.5 kg (−3.0 to −0.1) in body weight at Week 26, −5.4 mmHg (−9.4 to −1.3) in SBP at Week 12, and −0.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 (−2.1 to 1.6; P = 0.776) in eGFR at Week 52. Over 52 weeks, 11.8%, 5.4% and 3.3% of patients receiving placebo and sotagliflozin 200 and 400 mg, respectively, required rescue therapy for hyperglycaemia. Adverse events (AEs) occurred in 82.8%, 86.2% and 81.1% of patients and serious cardiovascular AEs occurred in 12.9%, 3.2% and 4.4% of patients in the placebo and sotagliflozin 200 and 400 mg groups, respectively.ConclusionsAfter 26 weeks, HbA1c reductions with sotagliflozin were not statistically significant versus placebo in adults with T2D and CKD4. The 52‐week safety profile was consistent with results of the SCORED outcomes trial (NCT03242018).
Structural connectivity predicts sequential processing differences in music perception ability
Authors: Rajan Archith , Shah Apurva , Ingalhalikar Madhura , Singh Nandini Chatterjee 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo relate individual differences in music perception ability with whole brain white matter connectivity, we scanned a group of 27 individuals with varying degrees of musical training and assessed musical ability in sensory and sequential music perception domains using the Profile of Music Perception Skills‐Short version (PROMS‐S). Sequential processing ability was estimated by combining performance on tasks for Melody, Standard Rhythm, Embedded Rhythm, and Accent subscores while sensory processing ability was ascertained via tasks of Tempo, Pitch, Timbre, and Tuning. Controlling for musical training, gender, and years of training, network‐based statistics revealed positive linear associations between total PROMS‐S scores and increased interhemispheric fronto‐temporal and parieto‐frontal white matter connectivity, suggesting a distinct segregated structural network for music perception. Secondary analysis revealed two subnetworks for sequential processing ability, one comprising ventral fronto‐temporal and subcortical regions and the other comprising dorsal fronto‐temporo‐parietal regions. A graph‐theoretic analysis to characterize the structural network revealed a positive association of modularity of the whole brain structural connectome with the d′ total score. In addition, the nodal degree of the right posterior cingulate cortex also showed a significant positive correlation with the total d′ score. Our results suggest that a distinct structural network of connectivity across fronto‐temporal, cerebellar, and cerebro‐subcortical regions is associated with music processing abilities and the right posterior cingulate cortex mediates the connectivity of this network.
Throwing open the doors of perception: The role of dopamine in visual processing
Authors: Woolrych Alexander , Vautrelle Nicolas , Reynolds John N. J. , Parr‐Brownlie Louise C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnimals form associations between visual cues and behaviours. Although dopamine is known to be critical in many areas of the brain to bind sensory information with appropriate responses, dopamine's role in the visual system is less well understood. Visual signals, which indicate the likely occurrence of a rewarding or aversive stimulus or indicate the context within which such stimuli may arrive, modulate activity in the superior colliculus and alter behaviour. However, such signals primarily originate in cortical and basal ganglia circuits, and evidence of direct signalling from midbrain dopamine neurons to superior colliculus is lacking. Instead, hypothalamic A13 dopamine neurons innervate the superior colliculus, and dopamine receptors are differentially expressed in the superior colliculus, with D1 receptors in superficial layers and D2 receptors in deep layers. However, it remains unknown if A13 dopamine neurons control behaviours through their effect on afferents within the superior colliculus. We propose that A13 dopamine neurons may play a critical role in processing information in the superior colliculus, modifying behavioural responses to visual cues, and propose some testable hypotheses regarding dopamine's effect on visual perception.
Two‐trajectory laser amygdalohippocampotomy: Anatomic modeling and initial seizure outcomes
Authors: Liu David D. , Lauro Peter M. , Phillips Ronald K. , Leary Owen P. , Zheng Bryan , Roth Julie L. , Blum Andrew S. , Segar David J. , Asaad Wael F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveLaser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is typically performed with one trajectory to target the medial temporal lobe (MTL). MTL structures such as piriform and entorhinal cortex are epileptogenic, but due to their relative geometry, they are difficult to target with one trajectory while simultaneously maintaining adequate ablation of the amygdala and hippocampus. We hypothesized that a two‐trajectory approach could improve ablation of all relevant MTL structures. First, we created large‐scale computer simulations to compare idealized one‐ vs two‐trajectory approaches. A two‐trajectory approach was then validated in an initial cohort of patients.MethodsWe used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) to create subject‐specific target structures consisting of hippocampus, amygdala, and piriform/entorhinal/perirhinal cortex. An algorithm searched for safe potential trajectories along the hippocampal axis (catheter one) and along the amygdala‐piriform axis (catheter two) and compared this to a single trajectory optimized over all structures. The proportion of each structure ablated at various burn radii was evaluated. A cohort of 11 consecutive patients with mTLE received two‐trajectory LITT; demographic, operative, and outcome data were collected.ResultsThe two‐trajectory approach was superior to the one‐trajectory approach at nearly all burn radii for all hippocampal subfields and amygdala nuclei (p < .05). Two‐laser trajectories achieved full ablation of MTL cortical structures at physiologically realistic burn radii, whereas one‐laser trajectories could not. Five patients with at least 1 year of follow‐up (mean = 21.8 months) experienced Engel class I outcomes; 6 patients with less than 1 year of follow‐up (mean = 6.6 months) are on track for Engel class I outcomes.SignificanceOur anatomic analyses and initial clinical results suggest that LITT amygdalohippocampotomy performed via two‐laser trajectories may promote excellent seizure outcomes. Future studies are required to validate the long‐term clinical efficacy and safety of this approach.
Interannual variations in diet of Japanese jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) juveniles in the southwestern Sea of Japan in relation to recent growth rate
Authors: Sassa Chiyuki , Kitajima Satoshi , Takahashi Motomitsu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe examined interannual variations in the diet of Trachurus japonicus juveniles in relation to prey density and recent 5‐day instantaneous growth rate (IGR) in the southwestern part of the Sea of Japan (SJ) in late spring during 2011–2013. Habitat temperature of juveniles in 2011 was lower than the other 2 years. In all 3 years, more than 97% of juveniles had food in the stomach. Small juveniles <35‐mm standard length (SL) fed mainly on adult female Paracalanus parvus s.l., the most dominant calanoid copepod in the water column, without a significant interannual difference. In 2011 and 2012, large juveniles ≥35‐mm SL predated heavily upon adult female Calanus sinicus which form a high‐energy food for the juveniles. In contrast, in 2013, the large juveniles preyed on a large number of a variety of small‐sized prey items, such as P. parvus s.l., euchaetid copepods, and ostracods. In 2011 when the feeding condition was considered to be favorable, but the habitat temperature was lowest, the IGR of large juveniles was markedly lower than in the other 2 years. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the IGR between 2012 and 2013 when the diet composition was markedly different, but habitat temperature was comparable. The present observations indicate that the between‐year difference in juvenile IGR was not explained well by variations in the diet composition. Instead, habitat temperature was concluded to be the more dominant factor causing the observed between‐year differences in the IGR in the southwestern SJ.
Effects of climate and topography on the diversity anomaly of plants disjunctly distributed in eastern Asia and eastern North America
Authors: Yin Xue , Qian Hong , Sui Xinghua , Zhang Minhua , Mao Lingfeng , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Ricklefs Robert E. , He Fangliang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimDifferences in physiography have been proposed to explain the diversity anomaly for vascular plants between environmentally similar regions of eastern Asia (EAS) and eastern North America (ENA). Here, we use plant species within disjunct genera to examine whether differences in topography contribute to the diversity anomaly and whether the richness–environment relationships differ between regions. Disjunct plants are used to ensure that the diversity anomaly relates to post‐disjunction evolution and diversification rather than regional differences in clade ages or immigration.LocationEAS and ENA.Time periodCurrent.Major taxa studiedPlant taxa disjunctly distributed in EAS and ENA.MethodsWe compiled county‐level plant distribution data, and calculated species richness and variables of topography and climate within unit grid cells. We compared estimated coefficients of region effects among models, where richness was fitted with or without topography and climate. Topography and climate were also used to separately model within‐region spatial diversity patterns using spatial simultaneous autoregressive error models.ResultsThe coefficients of region effects varied from −.776 for the model only including region to −.309 when topography was controlled for, but remained significant. Climate dominated the spatial diversity patterns in ENA. In contrast, the influence of climate (14.2%) on species richness was weaker than that of topography (18.3%) in the warm area of EAS. Relations to elevation and temperature varied between regions, shifting between positive and negative relationships in several cases.Main conclusionsOur results demonstrate that variability in local topography contributes to the strong regional anomaly in plant species richness between EAS and ENA. Nevertheless, the diversity anomaly persists after controlling for local topography and climate. EAS and ENA also exhibit contrasting richness–environment relationships, providing another divergent aspect between the EAS–ENA disjunct floras. Our findings highlight that regional differences in topography or other environmental factors may underlie the diversity anomaly.
Chitosan nanoencapsulation of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. essential oil and its novel preservative effect for enhanced shelf life of stored Maize kernels during storage: Evaluation of its enhanced antifungal, antimycotoxin, antioxidant activities and possible mode of action
Authors: Roshan Akbar Basha , Dubey Nawal Kishore , Mohana Devihalli Chikkaiah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present evaluation aimed to synthesis and characterise the Pogostemon cablin essential oil encapsulated chitosan nanoemulsion (PCEO‐CN) and evaluated its antifungal antimycotoxin and antioxidant activities. A total of twenty‐six different chemical compounds were identified from P. cablin essential oil (PCEO), among which patchoulol (34.93%), α‐bulnesene (17.76%) and α‐guaiene (15.44%) were recorded as major components. The average size of PCEO‐CN was 18.20 nm. The PCEO‐CN showed concentration‐dependent broad‐spectrum antifungal and antimycotoxin activities. The in vivo evaluation showed that PCEO‐CN significantly protected maize seeds from mould‐induced biodeterioration and aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis for up to 30 days. The PCEO‐CN significantly inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis and cellular integrities of A. flavus. Based on the present study, PCEO‐CN could be used as a food preservative to control mould and mycotoxin contamination in stored maize.
Clinical evaluation of the national hospital‐acquired complication programme
Authors: Duke Graeme J. , Loughnan Daniel , De Frietas Maria , De Bont Eliza , Braude David , Liu Rui , Hirth Steven , Roodenburg Owen , Newnham Evan , Dārziņš Peteris , McMahon Lawrence P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe national hospital‐acquired complication programme captures complications arising from patient‐related and hospital‐related factors, but the proportion of the two is unclear.AimHealth services are encouraged to evaluate data from the national hospital‐acquired complications (HAC) programme and identify strategies to mitigate them.MethodsA retrospective chart review compared HAC extracted from administrative data. The setting was a 430‐bed university‐affiliated metropolitan hospital. Records from 260 participants with, and 462 without, reported HAC from 2619 multi‐day stay adults were reviewed. The main outcome measures were prevalence and positive predictive value (PPV) of HAC methodology.ResultsNo errors of HAC coding or classification were identified. Four hundred and twenty‐three HAC events were reported in 260 records; most commonly delirium (n = 57; 13.4%), pneumonia (n = 46; 10.9%), blood stream infection (n = 39; 9.2%), hypoglycaemia (n = 33; 7.8%) and cardiac arrhythmias (n = 33; 7.8%). One hundred and eight (25.5%) ‘HAC’ events in 69 separations (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.05–3.33 per 100 separations) were false positive, and 43 of 462 (95% CI = 6.72–12.22 per 100 separations) were false negative. Prevalence of total (reported plus missing) HAC was 16.06 (95% CI = 14.02–19.52), reported HAC was 9.93 (95% CI = 8.76–11.21), potentially preventable HAC was 1.68 (95% CI = 1.22–2.26) and healthcare errors was 0.31 (95% CI = 0.13–1.30) per 100 separations. PPV of HAC for true clinical events was 0.74 (0.68–0.79), preventable events 0.18 (0.13–0.23) and healthcare error 0.03 (0.01–0.06).ConclusionsPrevalence of HAC events was higher than expected, but PPV for healthcare errors was low, suggesting provision of care is a less common cause of HAC events than patient factors. HAC may be an indicator of hospital admission complexity rather than HAC.
Nursing practice environment and employee silence about patient safety: The mediating role of professional discrimination experienced by nurses
Authors: Kritsotakis George , Gkorezis Panagiotis , Andreadaki Eirini , Theodoropoulou Maria , Grigoriou Georgios , Alvizou Anastasia , Kostagiolas Petros , Ratsika Nikoleta 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTo examine the associations between nurse work environment with nurses’ silence about patient safety and the mediating effects of professional discrimination experienced by nurses.DesignMulticentre cross‐sectional study.MethodsBetween January and April 2019, 607 nurses and nursing assistants from seven hospitals in Greece assessed their clinical environment using the ‘Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index Revised‐PES‐NWIR’, and the silence about patient safety. The ‘Experiences of Discrimination Index’ was adapted to specifically address experienced discrimination based on the nursing profession. The PROCESS macros for SPSS were used to examine the above associations.FindingsBetter nurse practice environment, with the exception of ‘staffing and resource adequacy’ dimension, was directly associated with less experienced professional discrimination, and directly and indirectly associated with less silence about patient safety, through the mediating role of professional discrimination experienced by nurses.ConclusionsSilence about patient safety is dependent on the clinical work environment and may be a response of nurses to discrimination in the work context. Both an improvement in the nurse work environment and a decrease in professional discrimination would minimize silence about patient safety.ImpactOn many occasions, nurses are directly or indirectly discouraged from voicing their concerns about patient safety or are ignored when they do, leading to employee silence and decreasing the standard of care (Alingh et al.,BMJ Quality & Safety, 2019,28, 39; Pope,Journal of Change Management, 2019,19, 45). Nurses’ work‐related determinants for silence are not clearly understood in the patient safety context. A favourably evaluated nurse practice environment is associated with less experienced professional discrimination and less silence about patient safety. To minimize silence about patient safety, both the nurse work environment and the experienced professional discrimination should be taken into consideration by nurse and healthcare managers.