bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative Assessment of YouTube Videos as a Source of Patient Information for Corneal Transplant Surgery
Authors: Westwood Jessica , Hee Joshua Li Saw , Butt Gibran Farook 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Healthcare information is easily accessible on YouTube, however it is unregulated and the quality may vary considerably. This study characterised and evaluated the content on YouTube regarding corneal transplantation surgery.Methods: YouTube was searched using ‘corneal transplant’ and the variations for penetrating and lamellar transplants. The results were deduplicated and screened for inclusion by two independent reviewers. A modified DISCERN tool was used to evaluate the quality of each video by two observers independently. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion and a third adjudicator where necessary.Results: 53 videos were included in this study and the mean overall DISCERN score was 1.91 out of 5 (SD = 0.90). Videos scored highest in relevance to corneal transplant (mean 3.89) and lowest in explaining which patients are unsuitable (mean 1.00) and offering sources of information (mean 1.11). The video with the highest viewer engagement (VPI) was a patient vlogging their experience of the procedure. Conclusion: Quality of YouTube content is variable and the lack of clarity over subtypes of corneal transplant can be confusing for patients. There is considerable scope to improve the use of visual aids, animations and diagrams within videos in order to supplement verbal information in clinic. Essential components needed to make an informed decision about corneal transplant are lacking in many videos, meaning videos may be a useful supplement but should not be relied on for comprehensive material.
Evolution Analysis of Process-induced Residual Stress During the Manufacture of Diesel Body
Authors: Zhao Donghao , Ai Zhuhua , Liu Yunlong , Li Guochao , Zhou Honggen , Bai Xiaoxiang , Cao Liping 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Residual stress is most likely to cause deformation in a diesel body (DB). The traditional independent analysis method is no longer suitable for obtaining the residual stress of multi-process DBs, because the stress is constantly produced and changed during the casting, heat treatment, and cutting processes. Therefore, an evolution analysis method(EAM) is proposed. First, an evolution analysis model of a DB was established. Subsequently, the residual stress of the DB in the casting and heat treatment processes was analysed using ProCAST and ABAQUS. Finally, the material removal of the DB during the machining process was simulated by using ABAQUS. The residual stresses for every process were calculated by coupling inherited and process-induced stresses. Thus, the final stress distribution of the DB was deduced by considering the entire machining process. The evolution analysis of the residual stress is significant for controlling the deformation of the DB.
A New Titanopteran from Southwestern Korean Peninsula: The Triassic Age of the Nampo Group and its Tectonic Implications
Authors: Park Tae-Yoon S. , Kim Do-Yoon , Nam Gi-Soo , Lee Mirinae 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Titanopterans are well-known as giant predatory insects in the Triassic, but not only their rare occurrences have been limited to Central Asia and Australia, but also their phylogenetic affinity remains unresolved. The age of the nonmarine sequences of the Nampo Group at the southwestern Korean Peninsula is unclear, and the tectonic affinity of the surrounding area is contentions. Here we report a new titanopteran Magnatitan jongheoni gen. et sp. nov. the Amisan Formation, Nampo Group, which marks the first discovery of the titanopteran fossil from outside Central Asia and Australia, presenting a possible circum-Tethys Ocean distribution, at least, during the Late Triassic. The new fossil shows a clearly divided CuPb, which will help understand the evolution of titanopterans in the future. Moreover, the occurrence of a titanopteran finally confirms the Late Triassic age of the Nampo Group. In China, similar Late Triassic non-marine sequences are widespread in the Cathaysia Block, in which various geological features similar to those in the southwestern Korean Peninsula, such as a Paleozoic magmatism and an eclogite facies with Neoproterozoic protoliths, have been recently documented as in the southeastern Korean Peninsula. Such similarities may suggest a close tectonic affinity between the northeastern Cathaysia Block and the southwestern Korean Peninsula.
Importance of Contrast Transthoracic Echocardiography for Evaluating Large Right-to-Left Shunt in Patent Foramen Ovale Associated with Cryptogenic Stroke
Authors: Takaya Yoichi , Nakayama Rie , Akagi Teiji , Yokohama Fumi , Miki Takashi , Nakagawa Koji , Toh Norihisa , Ito Hiroshi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) is an effective therapy for preventing cryptogenic stroke (CS). The identification of high-risk PFO, which is more likely to be linked to CS, is essential. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of contrast transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for evaluating large right-to-left (RL) shunt. We enrolled 119 patients with or without CS who were confirmed to have PFO. The severity of RL shunt evaluated by contrast TTE and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was classified as follows: small (<10 microbubbles), moderate (10–20 microbubbles), and large (>20 microbubbles). With contrast TTE, large RL shunt was observed in 94 (79%) of 119 patients, including 66 of 74 with CS and 28 of 45 without CS. With contrast TEE, large RL shunt was observed in 33 (28%) patients, including 26 with CS and 7 without CS. Contrast TTE showed large RL shunt more frequently than contrast TEE (p < 0.01). Large RL shunt evaluated by contrast TTE had a sensitivity of 89% and an accuracy of 70% for the association with CS, whereas large RL shunt evaluated by contrast TEE had a sensitivity of 35% and an accuracy of 56%. Accuracy was significantly greater in contrast TTE than in contrast TEE (p = 0.02). In conclusion, contrast TTE identified large RL shunt more frequently. Large RL shunt evaluated by contrast TTE provided greater accuracy for the association with CS. Our findings suggest that contrast TTE is valuable for evaluating large RL shunt as high-risk PFO.
GALNT14 expression in renal clear cell carcinoma and its effect on prognosis
Authors: Wei Yuqin , Wu Fan , Zhang Shengfeng , Tan Yanlin , Wu Qunying , Zhou Qingniao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background The expression of GALNT14 in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and its clinical significance remains unknown. Methods The KIRC data expressed by GALNT14 was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The expression of GALNT14 was analyzed by R software, Perl software and online analysis database. The relationship between GALNT14 expression and clinicopathological features in KIRC was analyzed by univariate, multivariate Cox regression and some databases. Gene Expression Profling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Starbase v3.0, UALCAN, and Kaplan-Meier were used to analyze the relationship between GALNT14 expression and overall survival (OS) in KIRC. UALCAN detects the expression of GALNT14 methylation in KIRC. Linkedomics and Genemania were used to analyze the gene co-expression of GALNT14. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to search for potential regulatory pathways. Results We found that GALNT14 was overexpressed in KIRC (p=1.433e-25). Patients with high GALNT14 expression in KIRC had a better prognosis than patients with low GALNT14 expression (p=0.008). In addition, high GALNT14 expression in KIRC was significantly associated with low T stage and positive OS (p<0.05). Univariate Cox analysis showed that GALNT14 was positively correlated with OS (p<0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that GALNT14 was associated with OS (p<0.001), age (p=0.01) and histological grade (p=0.02). GALNT14 methylation is low expressed in KIRC (p<0.001). GSEA analysis showed that GALNT14 was enriched in histidine metabolism, peroxisome, and renin-angiotensin system pathways. Conclusion GALNT14 can be used as an independent prognostic factor for renal clear cell carcinoma and a potential target for clinical diagnosis and treatment of KIRC.
Causation between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus(GDM) and Pregnancy Induced Hypertension(PIH): A Statistic Case Study in Harbin, China
Authors: DIAO Dan , Fang DIAO , Bin XIAO , LIU Ning , LI Fengjuan , Xu YANG 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Both gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) and pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) would influence the gestation significantly. However, the causation between these two symptoms remains speculative. 16,404 pregnant women were identified in Harbin, China in this study. We investigated the evaluate the causal effect of GMD on PIH based on the statistic inference theory. The statistical results indicated that GDM might cause PIH. Also, this case study demonstrated that the decrease temperature might also cause hypertension during pregnancy, and the prevalence rate of GDM increased with age. However, the prevalence of diabetes did not show a remarkable difference in varied areas and ages. This study could provide some essential information that will help to investigate the mechanism for GDM and PIH.
Geologic controls on phytoplankton elemental composition
Authors: Sharoni Shlomit , Halevy Itay 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Although the nutrient content of planktonic organic matter (C:N:Porg) plays a crucial role in marine metazoan evolution and global biogeochemistry (1–3), its geologic history is poorly constrained, and it is often regarded as a constant “Redfield” ratio of C:N:Porg~106:16:1. We calculate C:N:Porg through the Phanerozoic by including nutrient- and temperature-dependent C:N:Porg parameterizations (4–6) in a model of long-term biogeochemical cycles (7). We infer a decrease from high Paleozoic C:Porg and N:Porg to present-day Redfield ratios. This gradual nutrient enrichment of marine organic matter stems from a decrease in the global average temperature and an increase in seawater phosphate availability, which are driven by various Phanerozoic events, mainly the middle to late Paleozoic emergence and expansion of land plants and the Triassic breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea. The nutrient enrichment of planktonic organic matter likely impacted the evolution of marine fauna and global biogeochemistry.
Identification of the First Highly Selective inhibitor of Human Lactate Dehydrogenase B
Authors: Shibata Sachio , Sogabe Satoshi , Miwa Masanori , Fujimoto Takuya , Takakura Nobuyuki , Naotsuka Akihiko , Kitamura Shuji , Kawamoto Tomohiro , Soga Tomoyoshi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and NADH to NAD+ and has two isoforms, LDHA and LDHB. LDHA is a promising target for cancer therapy, whereas LDHB is necessary for basal autophagy and cancer cell proliferation in oxidative and glycolytic cancer cells. To the best of our knowledge, selective inhibitors for LDHB have yet to be reported. Here, we developed a high-throughput mass spectrometry screening system using an LDHB enzyme assay by detecting NADH and NAD+. The screening campaign identified a small-molecule LDHB selective inhibitor AXKO-0046, an indole derivative. This compound exhibited uncompetitive LDHB inhibition (EC50 = 42 nM). X-ray crystallography identified its binding with the potential allosteric site away from the LDHB catalytic active site, suggesting that targeting the tetramerisation interface of the two dimers was critical for enzymatic activity. AXKO-0046 and its derivatives can be used to validate LDHB-associated pathways in cancer metabolism.
Degree of resistance of Solanum torvum cultivars to Mi-1.2-virulent and avirulent isolates of Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, and Meloidogyne luci
Authors: Sargın Seren , Devran Zübeyir 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKN) cause yield losses in eggplant-growing areas. There are no known varieties of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) that are resistant to RKNs. However, the wild relative of eggplant, S. torvum (Sw.), provides resistance to some RKN species and is used as a rootstock for cultivated eggplants. Therefore, determination of the reproductive capacity of nematodes on eggplant rootstocks developed from S. torvum is required for effective management of RKNs that are widely present in vegetable growing areas. In the present study, the degree of reproduction of Mi-1.2-virulent and avirulent isolates of M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. luci on eggplant rootstocks, Hawk and Boğaç, was evaluated in a plant growth chamber. Hawk and Boğaç were resistant (< 10 egg masses per whole root system) to all avirulent and virulent isolates of M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. luci. This study is the first report on the resistance of S. torvum to virulent isolates of M. luci. Results indicate that S. torvum offers broad-spectrum resistance against RKNs.
Construction of Gambogic Acid HPMA Copolymer Coupling Drug System
and Study on Anti-tumor Activity
Authors: Liu Ju , Chen Ye , Zhao Xinghua , Ding Shi , Li Shengnan , Wang Yang , Jiang Mingjun 
Published: July 2021

Aim:
An active-passive dual-targeting gambogic acid HPMA Copolymer Coupling drug
system with high efficiency, low toxicity and high selectivity was constructed.

Methods:
The gambogic acid HPMA copolymer coupling drug system was constructed and its
structure was characterized. The cytotoxicity of gambogic acid HPMA copolymer was detected by
MTT assay. The pharmacokinetics of gambogic acid HPMA copolymer was evaluated in mice. Targetability
of gambogic acid HPMA copolymer was evaluated by tissue distribution experiment.
The in vitro antitumor activity of gambogic acid HPMA copolymer was evaluated by pharmacodynamics
experiment in mice.

Results:
Two copolymers of gambogic acid HPMA were successfully prepared. The copolymers
showed reduced cytotoxicity and a certain sustained release effect and targeting property. In vivo
pharmacodynamic experiments also showed better anti-tumor effects than GA.

Discussion:
In this study, gambogic acid was combined with HPMA polymer and the targeting
molecule D-galactose/folic acid to form a polymer micelle with high efficiency, low toxicity and
high selectivity for active-passive dual targeting. The construction of the drug system provides new
ideas for future formulation research and development.
Appraisal of Felodipine Nanocrystals for Solubility Enhancement and
Pharmacodynamic Parameters on Cadmium Chloride Induced Hypertension
in Rats
Authors: Saraf Shubhini A. , Maurya Priyanka , Pandey Pawan , Singh Samipta , Sonkar Alka , Singh Sonali 
Published: July 2021

Aim:
Felodipine (FDP), an antihypertensive drug possesses low water solubility and extensive
first-pass metabolism leading to poor bioavailability. This impelled us to improve its solubility,
bioavailability, and pharmacodynamic properties through the Nanocrystal (NC) approach.

Methods:
FDP-NC were prepared with Poloxamer F125 (PXM) by the antisolvent precipitation
method. The experimental setup aimed at fine-tuning polymer concentration, the proportion of antisolvent
to solvent, and the duration of ultrasonication for NC formulation.

Results:
Optimized formulation was characterized for particle size, solubility, and PDI. Particle reduction
of 74.96 times was achieved with a 9X solubility enhancement as equated to pure FDP.
The morphology of NC was found to be crystalline through scanning electron microscopy observation.
The formation of the crystal lattice in FDP-NC was further substantiated by the XRD and
DSC results. Lowering of the heat of fusion of FDP-NC is a clear indication of size reduction. The
stability studies showed no substantial change in physical parameters of the FDP-NC as assessed
by particle size, zeta potential, and drug content.

Conclusion:
The crystalline nature and improved solubility of FDP-NC improve the dissolution
profile and pharmacodynamic data. The stability study data ensure that FDP-NC can be safely
stored at 25°C. It is revealed that FDP-NC had a better release profile and improved pharmacodynamic
effects as evident from better control over heart rate than FDP.
Curcuma Turmeric Oil Enhanced Anti-Dermatophytic Drug Activity Against Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Authors: Singh Mahendra , Alka  , Lee Kyung Eun , Kumar Pradeep , Kang Sang Gu 
Published: July 2021

Background:
As per the World Health Organization survey, it has been found that dermatophyte infections are affecting around one-fourth of the world population. The dermatophytes are commonly keratinophilic in nature which can multiply and invade the keratinized tissues and affect various parts of the human body like nails, skin, and hair. The luliconazole is an antifungal drug utilized against dermatophytes which causes athlete's foot and ringworm etc. fungal infections of the skin or nails caused by Candida albicans (C.P. Robin) Berkhout and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (Robin) Blanchard.

Objective:
The study aimed to develop the luliconazole topical cream with turmeric oil and penetration enhancer to improve permeability and enhance antifungal activity.

Methods:
To prepare the luliconazole topical cream, various compositions of formulation were melted and mixed with varying concentrations of turmeric oil. The oil, drug, and aqueous phases were prepared separately and mixed stepwise in a vessel under continuous stirring at control conditions.

Result:
The optimized LC2 cream was showed pH 6.45±0.12, which is considered suitable to avoid irritation upon topical application. The LC2 cream formulation also showed significantly (p<0.05) more permeability with a permeation flux (0.347 mg/cm2/h) against an aqueous suspension of the drug (0.215 mg/cm2/h). The LC2 cream was followed the Higuchi model and showed the drug release from cream via a diffusion mechanism with super case II transport mechanism. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of optimized cream was found good than marketed cream.

Conclusion:
It is concluded that the prepared luliconazole cream can be an effective anti-fungal treatment with enhanced drug delivery into the skin to treat athlete's foot and ringworm etc. caused by dermatophytes namely C. albicans and Trichophyton spp.
DOSE-DEPENDENT INFLUENCES OF VANILLIC ACID ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND REDOX HOMEOSTASIS STATUS IN N-NITROSODIETHYLAMINE TREATED DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Authors: KANI AKSHAYA , SUBRAMANIAN PERUMAL 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To assess the dose-dependent effect of vanillic acid on cognitive behavior and indices of redox homeostasis in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster.
Methods: In this study, flies were divided into five groups-group 1 control, group 2-treated with 0.01% NDEA through drinking water for 15 w, group 3-treated with NDEA and vanillic acid (VA) (0.005%) in culture medium, group 4-treated with NDEA and VA (0.01%) and group 5-treated with NDEA and VA (0.05%). Cognitive-behavioral assays and assessment of redox homeostasis indices were performed.
Results: Behavioural abnormalities (negative geotaxis, phototaxis, smell and taste chemotaxis, hypotaxis and thermotaxis) were quantitatively deviated in NDEA treated flies compared to control but were tend to be normalized in VA treated flies. The contents of protein carbonyl, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), protein thiol and lipid peroxides were noticeably augmented in NDEA treated flies than control flies and correspondingly tend to normalize in VA (0.01%) treated groups. Further, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidise (GPX) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were decreased in NDEA treated group and were significantly increased (p<0.05) in VA treated (0.01%) groups.
Conclusion: Vanillic acid, a bioactive phytochemical could act as a potent antioxidant and as well exhibit antiproliferative characteristics. The dose lower than 0.01% could not be effective as the dose is low. Nevertheless, at 0.01% the maximum benefits could have been achieved, and beyond this saturation point, higher doses, such as 0.05% could not be effective.
DESIGN AND MOLECULAR DOCKING OF SULFONAMIDE DERIVATIVES
Authors: BARMAN KAMALLOCHAN , DAS GARGI , KALITA JUN MONI , DASGUPTA PAYAL 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Sulfonamides are a sulfa-related group of antibiotics, which are used to treat bacterial infections and some fungal infections. Some sulfonamides are also devoid of antibacterial activity, such as thiazide diuretics, etc. In this study, an effort was made to find out some novel and potent Sulfonamide derivatives as diuretic agents.
Methods: Here, 30 three-dimensional sulphonamides are designed and docking simulation with PDB ID 1AZM which was downloaded from www. rcsb. org. All the molecules were also screened through a preliminary property filter (Molinspiration Property Calculator).
Results: Among the 30 different molecules designed, 5 molecules were found to have a very good affinity towards the target protein.
Conclusion: These molecular properties define if a molecule can be orally active in our body.
LA CONSTRUCCIÓN SOCIAL DE LA PARENTALIDAD Y LOS PROCESOS DE VINCULACIÓN Y DESVINCULACIÓN PADRE - HIJO. EL PAPEL DEL MEDIADOR FAMILIAR
Authors: Romero Navarro Fermín 
Published: July 2021

La familia es una institución social básica sometida a profundos y acelerados cambios que afectan a elementos esenciales de la misma, hasta ahora considerados como permanentes e intocables, como son entre otros la figura del padre como eje vertebrador de la unidad familiar. La conflictividad conyugal y/o de pareja que se salda con la ruptura demanda un tipo de soluciones en las que las funciones parentales y las relaciones existentes entre padres e hijos, y de forma especial las existentes entre el padre varón e hijos, quedan cuestionadas o al menos sometidas a procesos de readaptación. ¿Qué es lo que hace que un varón se constituya en padre de unos hijos?; ¿qué es aquello que se lo impide?; ¿qué y cómo se vinculan estas dos figuras: padre e hijo?; ¿a qué dinámica queda sometida la figura del padre en los procesos de separación y divorcio?; ¿qué resonancias tienen estas cuestiones en los procesos de mediación familiar? La mediación familiar es un método de resolución de conflictos que interviene en un escenario familiar complejo, transido por la disolución y la separación de vínculos emocionales y afectivos, los cuales a su vez tienen que ver con procesos identitarios de los miembros afectados. En este escenario, la figura del padre y sus funciones familiares se pueden ver cuestionadas, sin que haya mediado previamente una posición crítica al respecto, más bien se corre el riesgo de que en dicho escenario se reproduzcan, a modo de resonancias, las construcciones sociales que en torno a la paternidad existen en el imaginario social, dándose lugar a una inadecuada intervención mediadora. Estas cuestiones brevemente planteadas, y dentro de la perspectiva de las funciones del mediador familiar, son las que se abordan en el presente artículo.