bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial como herramienta para la gestión de conflictos con comunidades rurales
Authors: Ramiro Muñoz Manuel , Daniela Díaz Lozano  , Quintero Falla María Alejandra 
Published: September 2021

Las empresas están llamadas a reflexionar en torno al alcance de sus acciones en el marco de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE), más aún, en contextos como Colombia, donde la ruralidad es el escenario de conflictos que involucran a las comunidades indígenas, afrodescendientes y campesinas, lo que supone un reto en la formulación de estrategias de relacionamiento encaminadas a impactar positivamente en la gestión de conflictos que, de no ser tenidos en cuenta por las empresas, pueden ir en detrimento de sus objetivos. Este artículo ofrece una reflexión crítica sobre el concepto de RSE asumida como una herramienta de gestión de conflictos, suponiendo que su alcance debería ir más allá del cumplimiento de las obligaciones legales de la empresa, que debe, entonces, actuar siendo consciente de la asimetría de derechos de las comunidades rurales y de sus consecuencias.
Abstract: Companies are called to reflect on the scope of their actions in the framework of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), even more in contexts such as Colombia, where rurality is the scenario of conflicts involving indigenous, Afro-descendent and peasants communities, this represents a challenge to the formulation of relationship strategies aimed at positively impacting the management of conflicts that, if they are not taken into account by companies, may be detrimental to their objectives. This article offers a critical reflection on the concept of CSR understood as a conflict management tool, assuming that its scope should go beyond the fulfillment of the legal obligations of the company, which must act with awareness of the asymmetry of rights of the rural communities and their consequences.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, companies, rural communities, conflict management, intercultural dialogue.
El ‘baculazo a la gobernadora’: Mujeres, género y política en Colombia en la década del setenta del siglo xx
Authors: Pantoja García Juan Camilo , Sandoval Acosta Girlandrey 
Published: September 2021

En febrero de 1975, el presidente Alfonso López Michelsen nombró gobernadora del departamento de Risaralda a Dora Luz Campo. Los obispos de Pereira, capital de Risaralda, vetaron esa decisión aduciendo razones morales, ya que ella, luego de estar casada por lo católico, se divorció y volvió a casar por lo civil con otra persona. En este artículo se analizan las representaciones de género que circularon en la prensa en torno a este episodio, con el objetivo de mostrar cómo el orden de género se produce, refuerza y transforma en contextos específicos. Este episodio dejó ver que la concepción de la jerarquía católica sobre las reglas formales e implícitas a las que, en su concepto, debían ajustarse las mujeres que entraban a ocupar cargos públicos habían perdido influencia y eran desafiadas por otra, presentada como más moderna, pero con sus límites: la de un orden de género que reproducía y reforzaba los ideales de maternidad y fragilidad femenina.
The ‘baculazo a la gobernadora’: Women, Gender, and Politics in Colombia during the 1970s
Abstract: In February 1975, the president of Colombia, Alfonso López Michelsen (liberal) appointed Dora Luz Campo de Botero as governor of the department of Risaralda. The bishops of Pereira (capital of Risaralda) veto that decision adducing moral reasons because after being married by the Catholic Church she separated and then had another civil marriage. This article analyzes the gender representations that circulated in the press around this episode in order to show how the gender order is produced, reinforced and transformed in particular contexts. This episode made visible that the conception of the colombian catholic hierarchy about the gender order to which women that were seeking to occupy high ranking public posts were expected to adjust was loosing authority, and was being challenged by another conception, presented as modern, but that had its own limits, because those women were expected to adjust to a gender order that reproduced and reinforced the ideals of maternity and femininity.
Keywords: politics, women, gender order, gender roles, gender stereotypes.
Editorial
Authors: Duarte Carlos 
Published: September 2021

Escribimos esta editorial ad portas de una tercera oleada mundial de la pandemia. Hace ya más de un año, cuando comenzaron los primeros brotes identificados en Wuhan, nadie alcanzaba a prever el alcance de este fenómeno biosocial. A pesar de un esfuerzo científico sin precedentes para desarrollar vacunas capaces de gestionar la pandemia, nuestra arquitectura política mundial no ha estado a la misma altura. Las brechas de desigualdad y la polarización política parecen estar pasando factura, y como resultado vivimos un presente cercano a la distopía. Una vez más, la profética tesis del historiador Marc Ferro tiende a confirmarse en la medida que nuestra realidad ha iniciado una peligrosa carrera para alcanzar el futuro imaginado por el cine: ¿Nos acercamos con inusitada rapidez a un mundo como el que describiera Terry Gilliam en su película 12 Monos?
Bajo el anterior contexto, lanzamos la convocatoria de la presente edición de Controversia buscando responder —quizás aún en borrador dada la actualidad del fenómeno— a la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cómo la desigualdad social ha incidido en el despliegue de la pandemia en nuestro contexto latinoamericano, qué respuestas oficiales ha suscitado y qué resistencias sociales ha generado?
Entre paros, pandemias y virtualidades: activismo político y trabajo colectivo
Authors: Ospina Ramírez Erasmo Daniel , Sarmiento Angela María , Ramírez Rojas Andrea , Uribe Polo Paula Carolina , Alarcón Velásquez Rossana Milena 
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo plantea una serie de articulaciones en torno a nuestra experiencia como estudiantes de la Maestría en Estudios Culturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, y los trabajos de activismo y organización colectiva durante las movilizaciones del 2019 que nos condujeron, entre otras acciones, a la organización del ciclo de conferencias De la Sopa de Wuhan al Sancocho Latinoamericano, realizado a principios del 2020. Narramos, desde nuestra propia ex- periencia, cómo la cercanía que construimos entre nosotras propició la solidaridad y el acompañamiento mutuos, con lo cual pudimos afrontar los diferentes retos que nos generaron la pandemia y el aislamiento. Dicha cercanía se conformó en un proceso tanto por fuera como por dentro de la academia formal, pues si bien en las aulas leíamos sobre los estudios culturales británicos y norteamericanos, en la calle aprendíamos, por no decir escribíamos, los nuestros.
Political activism and collective action between strikes, pandemics and virtualities
Abstract: This article poses a series of articulations on our experiences as students of the Master’s in Cultural Studies at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, as well as the forms of activism and collective action that emerged during the 2019 national strike in Colombia, which eventually led to the organization of the forum “From the Wuhan soup to the Latin American Sancocho” in early months of 2020. We built narratives from our own lived experiences to inform how the togetherness built among us can be understood as a form of solidarity and mutual support with which we confronted the different challenges presented to us by the COVID-19 crisis. We argue that this togetherness is as a result of a process which occurred both outside and inside of the formal university setting; even though we used to read about the British and North American Cultural Studies, it was through taking the streets that we learned, and even wrote, our own.
Keywords: Graduate studies during the pandemic, Cultural Studies, 2019 Colombian National Strike, Chronicle.
How relationships between views, understandings, and implementations of inquiry-based teaching in biology contribute to science teacher identity
Authors: Pellikka Anne , Lutovac Sonja , Kaasila Raimo 
Published: September 2021

This study examines the relationships between preservice primary teachers’ (PSTs) views, understandings, and implementations of inquiry-based teaching (IBT) in primary biology education. In earlier studies, these relationships have been researched separately. Exploring them simultaneously allows a greater insight into the process of teacher change and science teacher identity development. Drawing on the narrative method, data included learning diaries, lesson plans, and interviews during a two year research period. Our findings reveal the complex relationships between three aspects of IBT. For example, embracing views of IBT were sometimes accompanied by a significant understanding of IBT and other times by a weak understanding. Whereas, hesitant views of IBT also went together with significant understanding. We discuss these relationships in the light of their impact on science teacher identity and provide suggestions for teacher education.
Action of Surfactants in Driving Ecotoxicity of Microplastic-Nano Metal Oxides Mixtures: A Case Study on Daphnia magna under Different Nutritional Conditions
Authors: Guerranti Cristiana , Anselmi Serena , Provenza Francesca , Blašković Andrea , Renzi Monia 
Published: September 2021

The series of experiments presented in the paper served to clarify the effects of contemporary exposure to surfactant, microplastics (polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride), and nanoparticles (TiO2 and ZnO) on the model organism Daphnia magna. Exposure was evaluated with respect to the age of the organisms (“young”, 24 hours old, and “aged” 10 days old specimens), trophic status (feeding or fasting), and the simultaneous presence of a surfactant. All the above-mentioned substances are present in the wastewater coming from various environmental sources from cosmetic products. The experiments were conducted in compliance with the OECD 202:2004 guideline, which is also a reference for ecotoxicity tests required by REACH. The results showed that surfactants enhance effects of toxicity produced by the exposure to the microplastic + nanoparticle mixtures. The influence due to factors such as nutrition (effect in fasting >> feeding conditions) and the age of individuals (effects in older >> younger animals) is essential. Concerning young individuals, exposure to PE-TiO2 is the most significant in terms of effects produced: it is very significant, especially in the presence of surfactant (both under fasting and feeding conditions). On the contrary, exposure to the PE-Zn mixture shows the minor effects. The comparison with the literature, especially as regards the possibility of interpreting the toxicity trends for the various mixtures with respect to the individual elements that compose them, leads to hypothesize additive effects still to be investigated and confirms the greatest toxicity contribution of TiO2.
Post-fire dynamics of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest of Poland
Authors: Olchowik Jacek , Hilszczańska Dorota , Studnicki Marcin , Malewski Tadeusz , Kariman Khalil , Borowski Zbigniew 
Published: September 2021

Background
Global warming and drying have markedly enhanced in most forests the risk of fires across the world, which can affect the taxonomic and functional composition of key tree-associated organisms such as ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. The present study was conducted to characterise the alterations in the extent of root ECM colonisation, the ECM fungal communities, and their exploration types (i.e., indicator of ECM soil foraging strategies) in regenerated pines within a burned site as compared with an unburned site (five years after the fire event) in the Forest District Myszyniec, Poland.

Methods
To assess the ECM fungal communities of burned and control sites, soil soil-root monoliths were collected from the study sites in September 2019. A total of 96 soil subsamples were collected for soil analysis and mycorrhizal assessment (6 trees × 2 sites × 4 study plots × 2 microsites (north and south) = 96 subsamples).

Results
The percentage of root ECM colonisation was significantly lower in the burned site in comparison with the unburned (control) site. However, the ECM species richness did not differ between the control and burned sites. The identified ECM species in both sites were Imleria badia, Thelephora terrestris, Russula paludosa, R. badia, R. turci, R. vesca, Lactarius plumbeus, Phialocephala fortinii, and Hyaloscypha variabilis. The most frequent species in the burned and control sites were I. badia and T. terrestris, respectively. The relative abundances of contact, medium-distance smooth and long-distance exploration types in the burned site were significantly different from the control site, dominated by the medium-distance exploration type in both sites. The abundance of the long-distance exploration type in the burned site was markedly greater (27%) than that of the control site (14%), suggesting that the fire event had favoured this ECM foraging strategy. The results demonstrated that the fire led to reduced ECM colonisation of Scots pine trees in the burned site whereas the species richness was not affected, which can be attributed to degrees of fire-resistance in the ECM species, survival of ECM propagules in deeper soil layers, and/or continuous entry of spores/propagules of the ECM fungi from the adjacent forests via wind, water run-off or animals.
An Analysis for Conservative and Non-conservative f(R, T) Gravity Models
Authors: Can Diyadin , Güdekli Ertan 
Published: September 2021

As it is known that General Theory of Relativity does not explain the current acceleration of the universe, so there are many attempts to generalize this theory in order to explain the cosmic acceleration without introducing some dark components such as the Dark Energy. Because of the crowd of models in literature, a need to check the models according to some criteria arises. In this study, we analyze two classes of models by means of energy condition restrictions and illustrate the analysis of those classes by graphical simulations. We consider the conservative and non-conservative cases of two classes of models to perform the analysis. The results of the viability of the classes are discussed and it is found that the value of the Hubble constant has no effect on the viability of the models. Focusing on some general classes for the models, we restrict them by means of the so-called energy conditions the energy-momentum tensor on physical grounds. Besides, we find numerical values for coefficients of those classes of models.
Role of cellular prion protein in splenic CD4+ T cell differentiation in cerebral ischaemic/reperfusion
Authors: Zhang Baizhuo , Yin Xiang , Lang Yue , Han Xiaoou , Shao Jie , Bai Rongrong , Cui Li 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveCellular prion protein (PrPC), the primary form of prion diseases pathogen, has received increasing attention for its protective effect against ischaemic stroke. Little is known about its role in peripheral immune responses after cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study is to detect the variation of splenic CD4+ T lymphocytes differentiation and the concentration of inflammatory cytokines after murine cerebral I/R injury in the context of PRNP expression as well as its influence on the ischaemic neuronal apoptosis.MethodsWe established the cerebral ischaemic murine model of different PRNP genotypes. We detected the percentage of splenic CD4+PrPC+ T cells of PRNP wild‐type mice and the ratio of splenic Th1/2/17 lymphocytes of mice of different PRNP expression. The relevant inflammatory cytokines were then measured. Oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) HT22 mouse hippocampal neurons were co‐cultured with the T‐cell‐conditioned medium harvested from the spleen of modelled mice and then the neuronal apoptosis was detected.ResultsCD4+ PrPC+ T lymphocytes in wild‐type mice elevated after MCAO/R. PRNP expression deficiency led to an elevation of Th1/17 phenotypes and the promotion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, while PRNP overexpression led to the elevation of Th2 phenotype and upregulation of anti‐inflammatory cytokines. In addition, PrPC‐overexpressed CD4+T cells weakened the apoptosis of OGD/R HT‐22 murine hippocampal neurons caused by MCAO/R CD4+ T‐cell‐conditioned medium, while PrPC deficiency enhanced apoptosis.InterpretationPrPC works as a neuron protector in the CNS when I/R injury occurs and affects the peripheral immune responses and defends against stroke‐induced neuronal apoptosis.
Anomalous Dimensionality‐Driven Phase Transition of MoTe2 in Van der Waals Heterostructure
Authors: Ryu Huije , Lee Yangjin , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Kang Seoung‐Hun , Kang Yoongu , Kim Kangwon , Kim Jungcheol , Janicek Blanka E. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Huang Pinshane Y. , Cheong Hyeonsik , Jung In‐Ho , Kim Kwanpyo , Son Young‐Woo , Lee Gwan‐Hyoung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhase transition in nanomaterials is distinct from that in 3D bulk materials owing to the dominant contribution of surface energy. Among nanomaterials, 2D materials have shown unique phase transition behaviors due to their larger surface‐to‐volume ratio, high crystallinity, and lack of dangling bonds in atomically thin layers. Here, the anomalous dimensionality‐driven phase transition of molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is reported. After encapsulation annealing, single‐crystal 2H‐MoTe2 transformed into polycrystalline Td‐MoTe2 with tilt‐angle grain boundaries of 60°‐glide‐reflection and 120°‐twofold rotation. In contrast to conventional nanomaterials, the hBN‐encapsulated MoTe2 exhibit a deterministic dependence of the phase transition on the number of layers, in which the thinner MoTe2 has a higher 2H‐to‐Td phase transition temperature. In addition, the vertical and lateral phase transitions of the stacked MoTe2 with different crystalline orientations can be controlled by inserted graphene layers and the thickness of the heterostructure. Finally, it is shown that seamless Td contacts for 2H‐MoTe2 transistors can be fabricated by using the dimensionality‐driven phase transition. The work provides insight into the phase transition of 2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures and illustrates a novel method for the fabrication of multi‐phase 2D electronics.
Ultralow Thermal Conductivity, Multiband Electronic Structure and High Thermoelectric Figure of Merit in TlCuSe
Authors: Lin Wenwen , He Jiangang , Su Xianli , Zhang Xiaomi , Xia Yi , Bailey Trevor P. , Stoumpos Constantinos C. , Tan Ganjian , Rettie Alexander J. E. , Chung Duck Young , Dravid Vinayak P. , Uher Ctirad , Wolverton Chris , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe entanglement of lattice thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient complicates the process of optimizing thermoelectric performance in most thermoelectric materials. Semiconductors with ultralow lattice thermal conductivities and high power factors at the same time are scarce but fundamentally interesting and practically important for energy conversion. Herein, an intrinsic p‐type semiconductor TlCuSe that has an intrinsically ultralow thermal conductivity (0.25 W m−1 K−1), a high power factor (11.6 µW cm−1 K−2), and a high figure of merit, ZT (1.9) at 643 K is described. The weak chemical bonds, originating from the filled antibonding orbitals p‐d* within the edge‐sharing CuSe4 tetrahedra and long TlSe bonds in the PbClF‐type structure, in conjunction with the large atomic mass of Tl lead to an ultralow sound velocity. Strong anharmonicity, coming from Tl+ lone‐pair electrons, boosts phonon–phonon scattering rates and further suppresses lattice thermal conductivity. The multiband character of the valence band structure contributing to power factor enhancement benefits from the lone‐pair electrons of Tl+ as well, which modify the orbital character of the valence bands, and pushes the valence band maximum off the Γ‐point, increasing the band degeneracy. The results provide new insight on the rational design of thermoelectric materials.
Light signals counteract alterations caused by simulated microgravity in proliferating plant cells
Authors: Manzano Aránzazu , Pereda‐Loth Veronica , de Bures Anne , Sáez‐Vásquez Julio , Herranz Raúl , Medina F. Javier 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPremiseLight and gravity are fundamental cues for plant development. Our understanding of the effects of light stimuli on plants in space, without gravity, is key to providing conditions for plants to acclimate to the environment. Here we tested the hypothesis that the alterations caused by the absence of gravity in root meristematic cells can be counteracted by light.MethodsSeedlings of wild‐type Arabidopsis thaliana and two mutants of the essential nucleolar protein nucleolin (nuc1, nuc2) were grown in simulated microgravity, either under a white light photoperiod or under continuous darkness. Key variables of cell proliferation (cell cycle regulation), cell growth (ribosome biogenesis), and auxin transport were measured in the root meristem using in situ cellular markers and transcriptomic methods and compared with those of a 1 g control.ResultsThe incorporation of a photoperiod regime was sufficient to attenuate or suppress the effects caused by gravitational stress at the cellular level in the root meristem. In all cases, values for variables recorded from samples receiving light stimuli in simulated microgravity were closer to values from the controls than values from samples grown in darkness. Differential sensitivities were obtained for the two nucleolin mutants.ConclusionsLight signals may totally or partially replace gravity signals, significantly improving plant growth and development in microgravity. Despite that, molecular alterations are still compatible with the expected acclimation mechanisms, which need to be better understood. The differential sensitivity of nuc1 and nuc2 mutants to gravitational stress points to new strategies to produce more resilient plants to travel with humans in new extraterrestrial endeavors.
Animal models of stroke
Authors: Li Yanyu , Zhang Jingjing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStroke is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality. Animal models are indispensable tools that can mimic stroke processes and can be used for investigating mechanisms and developing novel therapeutic regimens. As a heterogeneous disease with complex pathophysiology, mimicking all aspects of human stroke in one animal model is impossible. Each model has unique strengths and weaknesses. Models such as transient or permanent intraluminal thread occlusion middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) models and thromboembolic models are the most commonly used in simulating human ischemic stroke. The endovascular filament occlusion model is characterized by easy manipulation and accurately controllable reperfusion and is suitable for studying the pathogenesis of focal ischemic stroke and reperfusion injury. Although the reproducibility of the embolic model is poor, it is more convenient for investigating thrombolysis. Rats are the most frequently used animal model for stroke. This review mainly outlines the stroke models of rats and discusses their strengths and shortcomings in detail.