bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ash dieback and contributing factors of forest weakening in provenance tests in the Sumy region
Authors: Meshkova Valentyna , Samoday Viacheslav , Davydenko Kateryna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the health condition of Fraxinus excelsior L. in provenance tests, with special focus on ash dieback (ADB), but taking into account also other causes of its decline. The research was carried out in the provenance tests of F. excelsior in the forest-steppe part of the Sumy region. ADB symptoms were revealed in all provenance tests. For 2012–2019 the health condition index, ADB incidence and severity increased for all provenances except the Steppe. Collar rot was present in all ash provenances. Fungi species were isolated from the stem parts of ash at all provenances. Hymenoscyphus fraxineus induced longest necrotic lesions following wound inoculation of stems of 7–10-years-old plants of European ash in the forest while inoculation with both Cytospora sp. and Diplodia sp. resulted in smaller necroses. The conclusion from other regions about the coincidence the damage of European ash by ADB and collar rots as well as the coincidence the damage of European ash by collar rot and tree colonization by Hylesinus crenatus (Fabricius, 1787) is supported.
Ecology, management and damage by the large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in coniferous forests within Europe
Authors: Lalík Michal , Galko Juraj , Kunca Andrej , Nikolov Christo , Rell Slavomír , Zúbrik Milan , Dubec Marcel , Vakula Jozef , Gubka Andrej , Leontovyč Roman , Longauerová Valéria , Konôpka Bohdan , Holuša Jaroslav 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Coniferous forests in Europe have a considerable number of pests that attack trees of all ages from youngest up to oldest ones. One of them is the large pine weevil Hylobius abietis. This species is widespread in Europe and occurs from warm southern areas (Spain) up to northern countries (Sweden, Finland). Larvae of this species do not cause damage, they help in the decomposition process of stumps and roots. Adults are harmful as they consume bark of young coniferous seedlings, above all of spruce and pine. One adult can consume on average 75 mm2 of bark per day. Individuals can live up to 4 years, and during their lives they can damage and kill several tens of coniferous seedlings. Traditional chemical protection of seedlings against this pest is and will gradually be more and more restricted or forbidden. In this review, we describe this method as well as all other alternative methods including biological protection. We estimate that H. abietis causes annual damages in Europe of almost 120 million € and damages several tens of thousands of hectares of young forest stands.
Why Commit When the Future is Bright? The Interactive Effects of Future Time Perspecitve and Organizational Cynicism
Authors: Goodman Joseph M. , Corser Grant C. , Hartman Nathan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An employee’s organizational commitment is essential to a firm’s success and performance. Past research reports mixed relationships between future time perspective and commitment. Recently, research has supported several moderating variables for this relationship. The current study tested organizational cynicism as a potential moderator. The sample consisted of 301 university alumni working in a variety of industries. The cross-sectional data supports an interaction between future time perspective and organizational cynicism on an individual’s affective and continuance commitment level. Data failed to support an interaction effect on the employee’s normative commitment.
The Regional Structure of Higher Education and the Role of Distance Learning
Authors: Krankovits Melinda , Kukorelli Irén Szörényiné 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the time of the COVID-19 pandemic the importance of distance learning is being enhanced, while formal, full-time, face-to-face university education is being converted to distance learning. The study explores the role of the Universities in distance learning market and reveals the factors that influence the students’ university choice. The regional embeddedness of higher education in the Western Transdanubian region is analysed, highlighting the catchment areas of the region’s universities. The educational commuting of distance learning students to the region increases purchasing power, has a positive impact on the rental market, the labour market and can boost future settlement. Commuting, university selection and training selection behaviours of correspondence and distance training of students is examined using questionnaires. The aim is to establish whether the university selection of correspondence training students is influenced by distance and by the characteristics of the student‘s place of residence. The findings show that distance is one of the main factors during the university-selection process in the case of any kind of distance learning.
Currency and Index Futures Markets Dynamics: Asymmetric Volatility, Leverage Effects and Long-memory Characteristics
Authors: Francis Diaz John , Goh Kai-Hong Goh, Imba 
Published: May 2021

This research examines the performance of return and volatility models on the long-memory, asymmetric volatility, and leverage effects by comparing the two most active futures markets globally, Currency and Index Futures. The study uses daily data from the database Quandl.com website, from January 2000 to March 2018. This study utilizes two short-memory models, the autoregressive moving average – exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARMA-EGARCH); and autoregressive moving average – asymmetric power autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARMA-APARCH); and two long-memory models, autoregressive fractionally-integrated moving average – fractionally-integrated exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARFIMA-FIEGARCH); and autoregressive fractionally-integrated moving average – fractionally-integrated asymmetric power autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARFIMA-FIAPARCH). The paper shows that portfolio managers and traders can benefit in holding Index futures, because of their steady returns, but with a relatively higher risk for the whole sample period. The study also finds that Currency futures has better safe-haven properties during crisis period, but Index futures performs better after crisis period. Findings suggest that both long-memory models are capable of accurate forecast, especially on the volatility of Currency and Index futures. The proper modelling of Currency and Index futures time-series data can provide traders, fund managers and investors in creating well-defined trading strategies, especially in high volatility regimes.
Transformation of the genre of lamentation in modern youth mass media
Authors: Murzina Ol'ga Viktorovna , Gegelova Natal'ya Sergeevna 
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the transformation of the genre of lamentation in modern youth mass media. The ancient genre of lamentation (complaints), as well as the genre of crying in ancient Russian literature, assumed regret for the lost, mourning for losses, sadness that it will not return. The specificity of the discourse of regret in the interpretation of modern youth bloggers and journalists is that they regret the loss of a country in which they themselves have never been or lived only for a short time. We are talking about numerous regrets about the lost Soviet Union performed by people who were already born in the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is the rhetorical presentation of the image of the lamented object in its transformation from antiquity to the present day. Comparative and comparative analysis, consideration of the world-modeling categories of the text in their comparison with the corresponding discourse of antiquity and Ancient Russian writing are used as research methods. В В The novelty of the research is due to the comparison of the paradigm of ancient and Old Russian rhetoric with modern topos of regret вЂ“ lamentation, crying. As a result of the research, the preservation of the main topical structure of the genre of lamentation is proved, which, in our opinion, is not associated with a direct orientation to ancient samples, but with their indirect perception through numerous texts that use orientation to the corresponding paradigm. Conclusion: the genre of lamentation / crying has been continued in the modern tradition in the form of reconstruction according to a similar topical and compositional scheme. The commonplaces of this genre penetrate into the composition of text and video fragments dedicated to the Soviet Union. The analysis of videos and texts shows that we are talking about a kind of reconstruction of a complex of traditions associated with different historical epochs, and in fact does not fully reflect any of the real historical epochs of the existence of the state.
(Malaria in Saudi Arabia in the last six years (2011-2016
Authors: Khalifa AM, AlShammari A, AlShubrmi D, Alreshidi M, Albaqawi Khalifa AM, AlShammari A, AlShubrmi D, Alreshidi M, Albaqawi 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ( KSA) suffered an outbreak of malaria in 1998, Effective strategies to shrink the malaria map were carried out. Aim: to through light on recent reports of malaria disease in KSA from 2011 till 2016.Methodology: The present study searched the previous publications in the last five years from 2011 till 2016 about malaria in the KSA. Then the collected data were arranged accordingly into:1 The geographical distribution and prevalence of malaria in Saudi Arabia. 2. The species of Plasmodium present. 3. Clinical presentation in different areas in the kingdom 4. Methods of diagnosis used. 5. Methods of treatment in kingdom. 6. Methods used to control malaria in KSA. Study design: Review article , Peroid of time: Four months. Data Source: Data for this review were identified by literature searches of PubMed and general searches using the Google and WHO search engines. Also, National Library of Medicine via the PubMed and MEDLINE were used for research articles, reviews, books, and other reports. We searched by using key word searches such as “malaria” and “Saudi Arabia”. Results: The number of malaria cases in Saudi Arabia decreased between 2011 and 2016.. Incidence continued to be reported at low levels (between 0.01 and 0.1 per 1,000 of the population) with: P. falciparum predominantly, remainder was P. vivax .species. Artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine were the first line treatment. Chloroquine showed resistance. Chemoprophylaxis and mosquito avoidance were recommended. Conclusion: Malaria control has reduced the incidence of disease over the last 15 years, there are only few cases in rural areas of Jeddah, Al Jouf and Jizan emirates by border of Yemen, reported in 2016. Saudi Arabia is on the way to eradicate malaria.
Tense in the Principles of Semantics
Authors: Deeaa Hussin Mouheb Aldeen Deeaa Hussin Mouheb Aldeen 
Published: May 2021

“Tense in the Principles of Semantics” is a study that discusses tense in one of rhetoric, namely semantics. The significance of this research stems from the fact that it sheds light on tense as an important aspect of language. It also discusses the influence of tense on the formulation and the application of a significant number of the principles of semantics. The present research, then, examines the impact of tense on formulating some of the rules of semantics and seeks to extract the rhetoric meaning that is built on tense in these rules. The researcher has adopted the analytical, descriptive methodology of this research, which is structured in four parts, an introduction, two body analyses and a conclusion. The findings revealed that the syntactic tense was in the verb form, the grammatical tense – which can be deduced from the context- was in the structure, and that the rhetoric tense was in the rhetoric meaning that tense enacts in the structure. It was also found that tense interferes in formulating many principles in semantics. In addition, the study found that tense has a clear impact on recognising the event, since event recognition is bound to tense recognition. Tense also interfered in what rhetoricians know as going beyond the surface to serve other rhetorical purposes. We might express the future using the past tense to reflect the certainty that something will happen. Language also expresses the past using the present tense for rhetorical purposes, like recalling the past event and visualising it as a realty for the addressee, and to show repetition of the verb. Furthermore, the future can be represented using the subject nominalisation or the object nominalisation with the intention of nearing the occurrence of some event in order to warn form it.
The Word Reference and the Rhetorical Styleverses 23 and 24 of Esraa Sura as Model
Authors: Azza Adnan Ahmed Ezzat Azza Adnan Ahmed Ezzat 
Published: May 2021

Shedding light on ayas of the Quranic text is still a rich resource for various linguistic studies, and it will be constantly providing us with information up to the end of the world. Suppose that each letter in the Glorious Quran hasn't been stated randomly but fit and exactly; even the word and the style haven't indefinitely been mentioned in vain. We have tried to show an aspect of miraculous linguistic expression in the Quranic text throughout tackling two ayas which are at least regarded as a basic core of community construction; since they arrange the relationship among parents and sons within the family, in addition to the relationship of a worshiper towards his/her worshiped (i.e. the Almighty Allah), and its involved influence on the humans treatment with each other. On this basis, it can be said that “the religion is the life”. In this regard, it has been dealt with the word: its sounds, its meanings, its aspect, the manner of its writing, and its position within the structure. Starting with the phonetic rhythmic aspect related to vowel sounds, it has been shown the rising and falling of vowel sounds rate in an amazing harmony with the topic and theme of the aya. The vowel sound alif (الألف) in the first aya has got about 90% and this is in harmony with the topic of monotheism and the fate of the Almighty Allah. On the other side, the ratio of the vowel sound yaa' (الياء) is decreasingly amounted as 25% in the second aya; in a way that is in harmony with the meaning of the aya, since it talks about lowering the wing of humiliation and mercy (i.e. to treat them mercifully and pray for them to get the merci of Allah for their binging up and taking care the sons when they were little).It has been shown the semantic perspective of these sounds and the phonetic syllables within the words with their inflectional cases, in addition to the harmony of type of definition in such sounds and the type of the used pronoun. Accordingly, it has been found that the strong meanings are coherent with strong sounds in the used utterances compared with their synonyms. As for the grammatical structure, however, the scenes have been symbolized throughout the images gotten by the lexicons such as (the wing of humiliation and mercy) which draws the image of humiliation and submission. The mark of (kasra) at the end of the lexicon (الرحمةِ) is in harmony with the treating case, and this is in harmony with the use of antecedent pronoun (referring to the addressor) in the lexicon (ربّياني) instead of (ربّياكَ). According to phonetic properties, the increasing of sound figures in the word draws an increasing careand mercy, in addition to the denotation of the vowel sound yaa' (الياء) by which the word (ربّياني) is ended. It is indefinitely softer than the sound letter kaf (الكاف) w.
Homothetic Motion in a Bianchi Type –V Model in Lyra Geometry
Authors: F. El-Sabbagh  - R. M. Gad, F. Abd.El-Bsseer, H. H. Moustafa F. El-Sabbagh  - R. M. Gad, F. Abd.El-Bsseer, H. H. Moustafa 
Published: May 2021

In this paper we study a homothetic vector field of a Bianchi type-V model based on Lyra geometry. The aim of this paper is to get the components of homothetic vector field in Lyra geometry for Bianchi type-V, compare between it and the case of Bianchi type-I. Using ordinary method and Computer program to get the components of the vector . The results are compatible in the two methods and get the condition that the results tends to the case of Bianchi type-I. The cases when a displacement vector is a function of t and when it is constant are considered. In both two cases we investigate the equation of state.
Comparison of Artificial Neural Network and Regression Pedotransfer Function for prediction of soil cation exchange capacity at Iraq, Ray AL Jazeera, Mosul region
Authors: Sahar I. Mahmood Alobyde, Firas Shawkat Hamid, Ibrahim K. Sa Sahar I. Mahmood Alobyde, Firas Shawkat Hamid, Ibrahim K. Sa 
Published: May 2021

The study of soil characteristics such as the ability to exchange positive ions CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity) play a significant part in study of ecological researches, also it is important for decision concerning pollution prevention and crop management. CEC represents the number of negative charges in soil, since direct method for measuring CEC are cumbersome and time consuming Lead to the grow of indirect technique in guessing of soil CEC property. Pedotransfer function (PTFs) is effective in estimating this parameter of easy and more readily available soil properties, 80 soil sample was taken from diverse horizons of 20 soil profiles placed in the Aljazeera Region, Iraq. The aim of this study was to compare Neural Network model (feed forward back propagation network) and Stepwise multiple linear regression to progress a Pedotransfer function for forecasting soil CEC of Mollisols and Inseptisols in Al Jazeera Irrigation Project using easily available features such as clay, sand and organic matter. The presentation of Neural Network model and Multiple regression was assessed using a validation data set. For appraise the models, Mean Square Error (MSE) and coefficient of determination R2 were used. The MSE and R2 resultant by ANN model for CEC were 2.2 and 0.96 individually while these result for Multiple Regression model were 3.74 and 0.88 individually. Results displayed 8% improvement in increasing R2 and also improvement 41% for decreasing MSE for ANN model, this pointed that artificial neural network with three neurons in hidden layer had improved achievement in forecasting soil cation exchange capacity than multiple regression. So we can conclude that ANN model by use (MLP) multilayer perceptron for predicting CEC from measure available soil properties have more accuracy and effective compared with (MLR) multiple linear regression model.
Utilizing Farasan Architectural Heritage to enrich the aesthetic values in the contemporary tourist buildings
Authors: Marwa Mahmoud Galal Mohamed Osman, Rania Ragab Abdel Maksoud Marwa Mahmoud Galal Mohamed Osman, Rania Ragab Abdel Maksoud 
Published: May 2021

The contemporary tourist buildings provide a unique visual experience for its visitors. A vision combined with the heritage sites around it affords a closer connection between the past and the present, confirming its identity and making it special. The architectural heritage is a rich source of fine values to enrich the tourist buildings. Hence, the idea of research arises as the Farasan Islands is a unique tourist area with its heritage buildings of special architectural values, The problem of research is how the artistic treatment of traditional decorations in Farasan as a source of innovative designs for the tourist buildings, and the research aims to study the aesthetics of Farasan's architectural heritage , study its aesthetic values and design of the interfaces of tourist buildings and its fabrics furnished using computer program ,The importance of research to highlight the archaeological sites of Farasan and to guide the society towards the importance of its architectural and cultural heritage, and also benefit from it in contemporary architecture by following a historical approach, analytical for the architectural vocabulary of the heritage buildings of Farasan and an applied technical approach to create innovative designs to enrich its touristic building .The researchers have reached through the results of the research: The vocabulary of the heritage in farasan architecture rich with formative elements to enrich the design of the architectural facades of tourist buildings and the design of its furnishing fabrics , where the researchers used design solutions inspired by the study of the architectural heritage of Farasan combines the originality and modernity, which gives the tourist buildings in the islands of Farasan unique identity.
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: chemical, physical and Biosynthesis Synthesis and its some Applications
Authors: Rahma Algarni, Salwa Almalwi Rahma Algarni, Salwa Almalwi 
Published: May 2021

This review article described the major synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles with various ways, such as physical synthesis, chemical synthesis and Biosynthesis. Chemical synthesis as Hydrothermal Technique, Vapor Transport, Precipitation Method, Self-Combustion technique, Sol-gel method and microemulsion method. Physical synthesis as high-energy ball milling method, laser ablation method and Physical vapor deposition method. Biosynthesis Includes synthesis through fungi, plants, bacteria Some applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles have been listed.
تغذية الدواجن لغرض خاص: بيض المائدة أحماض أوميغا 3 الدهنية المتعددة غير المشبعة كغذاء وظيفي: مقالة مراجعة
Authors: الصديق سمية 
Published: May 2021

في بداية القرن الحادي و العشرين تم إعتبار علم تغذية الإنسان وسيلة لتحسين نوعية الحياة و الصحة العامة. دور الغذاء في صحة الإنسان و وعي المستهلكين للأغذية الصحية وجه البحوث نحو انتاج أغذية لها آثار صحية محددة على الوقاية من الأمراض و علاجها. هذه الأغذية أثبتت بشكل مرض أثرها المفيد على واحد أو أكثر من وظائف الجسم، بجانب توفير التغذية الكافية. تسمى هذه الأغذية بالأغذية الوظيفية. إنتاج بيض المائدة الغني بالأحماض الدهنية غير المشبعة أوميغا-3 كغذاء وظيفي هو نموذج جديد في تغذية الدواجن. قدرة الحيوانات وحيدة المعدة على ترسيب الأحماض الدهنية في أنسجتها دون التأثير على القيمة الحسية لهذه المنتجات يعتبر حجر الأساس و نقطة البداية لإنتاج بيض أوميغا-3. الأدبيات المختصة بهذا الموضوع وضعت أساسا قويا لإنتاج هذا النوع من الأغذية الوظيفية. المصادر الغذائية للأحماض الدهنية غير المشبعة المستخدمة في تغذية الدجاج البياض عدلت محتوى هذه الأحماض في صفار البيض مما جعل البيض المنتج مناسبا لتقديمه كغذاء وظيفي. ويمكن زيادة محتوى صفار البيض من هذه الأحماض عن طريق إضافة مصادر علفية غنية بألفا لينولينك مثل بذر الكتان أو غنية ب DHA و EPA مثل زيت السمك و مسحوق السمك.