bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in Antithrombotic Therapy and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Preexisting Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Sherwood Matthew W. , Gupta Aakriti , Vemulapalli Sreekanth , Li Zhuokai , Piccini Jonathan , Harrison J. Kevin , Dai David , Vora Amit N. , Mack Michael J. , Holmes David R. , Rumsfeld John S. , Cohen David J. , Thourani Vinod H. , Kirtane Ajay J. , Peterson Eric D. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Optimal antithrombotic management of patients with preexisting atrial fibrillation undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement is challenging given the need to balance the risk of bleeding and thromboembolism. We aimed to examine variation in care and association of antithrombotic therapies with 1-year outcomes of stroke, bleeding, and mortality in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement with concomitant atrial fibrillation in the United States.

Methods:
Patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement with preexisting atrial fibrillation from November 2011 through September 2015 in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapy registry linked to the Medicare database were examined according to receipt of oral anticoagulants (OACs) or antiplatelet therapies (APTs) or a combination of these (OAC+APT) at discharge. To assess the associations of antithrombotic therapies with 1-year outcomes of stroke, bleeding, and mortality, we utilized inverse probability weighting for antithrombotic therapies and multivariable regression modeling to adjust for patient- and hospital-level variables.

Results:
In the 11 382 patients included in our study, 5833 (51.2%) were discharged on OAC+APT, 4786 (42.0%) on APT alone, and 763 (6.7%) on OAC alone. There was significant variability in discharge medication patterns, including 42% of patients discharged without OAC therapy. In adjusted analyses, the risk for all-cause mortality and stroke was not significantly different when comparing the 3 different antithrombotic strategies. Risk of bleeding was higher with OAC+APT compared with APT alone (hazard ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.05–1.27]) and similar compared with OAC alone (hazard ratio, 1.17 [95% CI, 0.93–1.47]).

Conclusions:
There was significant variability in discharge medication patterns across US sites in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement, including significant underuse of OAC in this high-risk cohort. The use of OAC+APT (versus OAC alone or APT alone) was not associated with a lower risk of stroke or mortality but was associated with increased risk of bleeding complications at 1 year compared with APT alone.
Herpes Zoster Vaccine Live and Risk of Stroke Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Yang Quanhe , Chang Anping , Tong Xin , Merritt Robert 
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose:
Herpes zoster (HZ) is associated with increased risk of stroke, and zoster vaccine live (ZVL, Zostavax) reduces the risk of HZ. No study has examined the association between ZVL (Zostavax) and risk of stroke. Present study examined association between receipt of ZVL (Zostavax) and risk of stroke among older US population.

Methods:
Our study included 1 603 406 US Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged ≥66 years without a history of stroke and who received ZVL (Zostavax) during 2008 to 2014, and 1 603 406 propensity score-matched unvaccinated beneficiaries followed through to December 31, 2017. We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine association between ZVL (Zostavax) and composite fatal or nonfatal incident stroke outcomes.

Results:

During a median of 5.1 years follow-up (interquartile range, 3.9–6.7), we documented 64 635 stroke events, including 43 954 acute ischemic strokes and 6727 hemorrhagic strokes, among vaccinated beneficiaries during 8 755 331 person-years. The corresponding numbers among unvaccinated beneficiaries were 73 023, 50 476, and 7276, respectively, during 8 517 322 person-years. Incidence comparing vaccinated to unvaccinated beneficiaries were 7.38 versus 8.57 per 1000 person-years for all stroke, 5.00 versus 5.90 for acute ischemic stroke, and 0.76 versus 0.84 for hemorrhagic stroke (
P
<0.001 for all difference). Adjusted hazard ratios comparing vaccinated to unvaccinated beneficiaries were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.83–0.85), 0.83 (0.82–0.84), and 0.88 (0.85–0.91) for all stroke, acute ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke, respectively. The association between ZVL (Zostavax) and risk of stroke appeared to be stronger among younger beneficiaries, beneficiaries who did not take antihypertensive or statin medications and who had fewer comorbid conditions (
P
<0.05 for interaction) but largely consistent across sex, low-income status, and racial groups.

Conclusions:
Among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries, receipt of ZVL (Zostavax) was associated with lower incidence of stroke. Our findings may encourage people to get vaccinated against HZ to reduce HZ and HZ-associated stroke risk.
Illusions of Autonomy: Why Europe Cannot Provide for Its Security If the United States Pulls Back
Authors: Meijer Hugo , Brooks Stephen G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Europe's security landscape has changed dramatically in the past decade amid Russia's resurgence, mounting doubts about the long-term reliability of the U.S. security commitment, and Europe's growing aspiration for strategic autonomy. This changed security landscape raises an important counterfactual question: Could Europeans develop an autonomous defense capacity if the United States withdrew completely from Europe? The answer to this question has major implications for a range of policy issues and for the ongoing U.S. grand strategy debate in light of the prominent argument by U.S. “restraint” scholars that Europe can easily defend itself. Addressing this question requires an examination of the historical evolution as well as the current and likely future state of European interests and defense capacity. It shows that any European effort to achieve strategic autonomy would be fundamentally hampered by two mutually reinforcing constraints: “strategic cacophony,” namely profound, continent-wide divergences across all domains of national defense policies—most notably, threat perceptions; and severe military capacity shortfalls that would be very costly and time-consuming to close. As a result, Europeans are highly unlikely to develop an autonomous defense capacity anytime soon, even if the United States were to fully withdraw from the continent.
Why Rebels Stop Fighting: Organizational Decline and Desertion in Colombia's Insurgency
Authors: Nussio Enzo , Ugarriza Juan E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Desertion, or the unauthorized exit from an armed group, has major implications for counterinsurgency, war termination, and recruitment dynamics. While existing research stresses the importance of individual motivations for desertion, organizational decline, in the form of military and financial adversity, can also condition desertion. Organizational decline undermines a group's instruments to channel individual preferences into collective action. These instruments include selective incentives, ideological appeal, and coercion. When the binding power of these instruments diminishes, individual desires start to dominate behavior, making desertion more likely. The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) insurgency is used to examine this argument with a multimethod approach. First, a quantitative analysis employs unique data on more than 19,000 reported FARC deserters from 2002 to 2017, provided by the Colombian Ministry of Defense. Guarding against threats to causal inference, statistical analysis indicates that organizational decline drives desertion. Second, a qualitative analysis uses a large body of detailed reports on interviews with deserters conducted by Colombian military personnel. The reports demonstrate that organizational decline weakens selective incentives, group ideology, and a credible coercive regime, and fosters desertion through these mechanisms. These findings provide key insights for policymakers, given that desertion can both contribute to ending conflict and accelerate the recruitment of new combatants.
Some new and known species of Bomolochidae (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) parasitic on Japanese actinopterygian fishes, 3
Authors: Izawa Kunihiko 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Orbitacolax bispinus sp. nov., Orbitacolax leptoscari (Yamaguti, 1953), Paraorbitacolax sphyraenae Izawa, 2021, and one male specimen of a Bomolochidae sp. are (re)described. The male and copepodid V female of O. leptoscari, and the male and copepodid V male of P. sphyraenae are described for the first time for the respective species. A description performed in Izawa (2020, 2021) that the maxilliped of the female bears a dorsal process in Orbitacolax and Paraorbitacolax spp., was wrong and is herein corrected.
Population dynamics of Stenothoe valida Dana, 1852 (Amphipoda, Stenothoidae) at Cheongsapo beach of Busan, Republic of Korea
Authors: Lee Ye Ji , Park Won Gyu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The population dynamics of Stenothoe valida Dana, 1852 were studied at Cheongsapo beach of Busan, Republic of Korea, from March 2019 to March 2020. Sampling was conducted once a month at low tide during spring tides. Specimens were grouped by the cephalic length at 0.025 mm intervals, and classified into four categories: females, ovigerous females, males and juveniles. The sex ratio, defined as females : total males + females, exceeded 0.5 during most of the study period. Brood size was significantly coupled with ovigerous female size. Two to four cohorts appeared at each study period. New cohorts occurred at almost every sampling except in the samples Jun-2, and Nov-2. Life span was estimated at 1-2 months. The juvenile ratio, the ratio of ovigerous females, and the recruitment rate estimated by FiSAT were commonly high in summer and winter. The life history of S. valida was not coupled with water temperature, but had a strong seasonal pattern.
The Two-Act Structure: A Narrative Device in Akkadian Epics
Authors: Helle Sophus 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Most Akkadian epics are organized according to the same structure: the narrative arc is divided into two acts, of which the second mirrors and expands the first. The structure has already been observed in Atra-hasis, Enuma Elish, Gilgamesh, and Etana, but the recurrence of the pattern has not previously been noted. The essay explores the widespread application, individual adaptations, and literary significance of this device, noting its presence in nine cuneiform compositions.
Deep Sea Mining Partnerships with Developing States: Favourable Collaborations or Opportunistic Endeavours?
Authors: Willaert Klaas , Singh Pradeep A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to engage in deep sea mining activities on the international seabed (otherwise known as ‘the Area’), non-State actors must be sponsored by a State, which bears the responsibility to ensure that the sponsored entity complies with the applicable rules. Not only the State of nationality, but also the State which exercises ‘effective control’ might be required to serve as a sponsoring State, depending on the circumstances. However, it is not completely clear how ‘effective control’ should be interpreted. Forum shopping seems a realistic possibility, and the recent trend of partnerships between private deep sea mining companies and developing States can produce similar effects. These collaborations might be beneficial to both parties, but given the privileges awarded to developing States, it should be scrutinised as to whether such partnerships undermine the principle of the common heritage of mankind and the objective to realise benefits for mankind as a whole.
The Freedom to Use the High Seas to Protect and Preserve the Marine Environment: Case Study of the Activities of The Ocean Cleanup
Authors: Ramphal Talitha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Activities to tackle marine debris are conducted on the high seas by The Ocean Cleanup. The high seas are open to all States and may be used as long this is consistent with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) and other rules of international law. This article argues that the LOSC provides for the freedom to use the high seas to protect and preserve the marine environment, including tackling marine debris, when interpreting Article 87 of the LOSC in light of present day needs.
Catholicity Under Heaven: Reformed Ecclesiology and Chinese Visions of Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Kuo Henry S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Reformed catholicity suffers from a fragility that causes it to easily fragment over comparatively small differences. This study wagers that an important resource that can be useful for addressing this problem is the Chinese philosophy of tianxia. The article introduces the idea of a ‘Reformed catholicity under Heaven’ by placing a more liberal interpretation of tianxia in conversation with the problems in Reformed approaches to the church’s catholicity. In doing so, the article demonstrates tianxia’s ecclesiological usefulness while articulating two dimensions of ‘Reformed catholicity under Heaven’ that can deepen how Reformed churches inhabit catholicity in ways that promote unity.
Discipleship in Three Dimensions: A Critical Examination of John Wesley’s Doctrine of Holiness and its Implications for Contemporary Small Group Discipleship
Authors: Fellows Philip 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper critically examines John Wesley’s understanding of holiness, and the system he created to encourage it, in order to begin to understand its implications for contemporary small group discipleship.
First, it is argued that Wesley understood holiness primarily as a transformation of the affections that required response from the believer. Wesley’s discipleship system was designed to facilitate that response. The system itself is then analysed to determine how this process was intended to operate.
Wesley’s model is then critiqued in light of small group theory and transformative learning theory. Finally, principles are advanced that could guide a church in adapting Wesley’s system for contemporary use.
Throughout it is argued that Wesley’s model flourished because of a shared understanding of the Christian life and the provision of a complex ecology of groups. It is a model that, when adjusted and simplified, could provide significant benefits for the contemporary church.
אצחצח דבר גבורות: The Discovery of the Opening Section of Shelomo Suleiman al-Sinjari’s Seder ha-ʿAvodah
Authors: Hacohen Eden Menachem 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This is the first publication of the beginning of one of the sidrei ʿavodah for the Day of Atonement by Shelomo Suleiman al-Sinjari, a prolific Palestinian paytan who lived in the second half of the 9th century. Although well known to researchers, this piyyut was incorrectly attributed to the greatest Palestinian poet: Eleazar b. Qallir. My consultation of a copy of the seder ʿavodah in a Cairo Geniza manuscript and the database of the Ezra Fleischer Geniza Research Project for Hebrew Poetry led to the correct identification of the author of אצחצח דבר גבורות as Shelomo Suleiman. The article contains a critical edition of the beginning of this seder ʿavodah with annotations and variants.
Jochen Hoock – Neithard Bulst. Un parcours amical et scientifique
Authors: Bulst Neithard 
Published: April 2021

Résumé
Cet article résume le parcours scientifique de mon ami Jochen Hoock et le mien pendant cinquante ans, depuis notre première rencontre en 1968 à l’Université de Heidelberg où nous étions assistants à l’Institut d’Histoire, lui comme moderniste et moi comme médiéviste. En dehors d’un enseigne-ment commun et de nos publications communes à Heidelberg et à Bielefeld, notre intérêt portait sur l’établissement d’une coopération fran-co-allemande durable entre historiens, ce qui s’est concrétisé dans des acti-vités selon plusieurs niveaux : conférences, colloques, conventions institu-tionnelles etc. et finalement dans la fondation du cursus intégré «Histoire Bielefeld-Paris 7».
La numération cardinale en nahuatl, aux XVIe-XVIIe siècles
Authors: Thouvenot Marc 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The vigesimal Nahuatl numeration has been well known, in language, since the 16th century. But its graphic expression in pictographic writing is less well known. It is this difference that this text seeks to reduce, by presenting, jointly, the writing of the referential numeration and that which is denominative. The sources used - both pictographic and alphabetic – are diverse both spatially and temporally. They come from Mexico-Tenochtitlan as well as from nearby but distinct localities such as Texcoco, Chalco or the Puebla region. Some sources are probably close to the time of the Conquest, while others were written a century later.
For the purposes of this presentation everything has been put together. This therefore represents the state of numeration and its writing over a period of a century after the Conquest and over a wide area. It would, of course, be desirable to have a more precise view of the local forms and developments that occurred during this century, because it is inconceivable that the brutality of the shock of conquest and colonization had no effect on the system that the Nahuatl language and its pictographic writing constituted, especially in the field of numeration.
Weaker McGurk Effect for Rubin’s Vase-Type Speech in People With High Autistic Traits
Authors: Ujiie Yuta , Takahashi Kohske 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
While visual information from facial speech modulates auditory speech perception, it is less influential on audiovisual speech perception among autistic individuals than among typically developed individuals. In this study, we investigated the relationship between autistic traits (Autism-Spectrum Quotient; AQ) and the influence of visual speech on the recognition of Rubin’s vase-type speech stimuli with degraded facial speech information. Participants were 31 university students (13 males and 18 females; mean age: 19.2, SD: 1.13 years) who reported normal (or corrected-to-normal) hearing and vision. All participants completed three speech recognition tasks (visual, auditory, and audiovisual stimuli) and the AQ–Japanese version. The results showed that accuracies of speech recognition for visual (i.e., lip-reading) and auditory stimuli were not significantly related to participants’ AQ. In contrast, audiovisual speech perception was less susceptible to facial speech perception among individuals with high rather than low autistic traits. The weaker influence of visual information on audiovisual speech perception in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was robust regardless of the clarity of the visual information, suggesting a difficulty in the process of audiovisual integration rather than in the visual processing of facial speech.
The Etymological Path to Moral Meaning: Adam and the Names
Authors: el Masri (غسان المصري) Ghassan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper advances the claim that an investigation into the significance of Qurʾānic terms must consider the semantic etymology of the elements under investigation, especially terms that have developed into technical concepts in Islamic theology and philosophy like the ethical variety investigated in this volume. The present article will give some of the salient reason for this imperative and demonstrate the value of semantic etymology in understanding the anthropological dimensions of theological concepts. Semantic etymology, the practice of uncovering the ‘original’ imposition of a word-thing relation (aṣl al-waḍʿ) by deducing the meaning of a word from the meaning of other words sharing the same lexeme was more than a descriptive linguistic science in the Arab-Islamic tradition. In late antiquity the Greek and Latin science of etymologia, like the Arabic ishtiqāq al-maʿná (later ʿilm al-waḍʿ), was a fully-fledged instrument of conceptual analysis for the reader and a powerful tool of discursive authority for both author and reader. Semantic etymology offers an account, not only of the original word-thing relation, but also the essential nature of the object. In our current moment in the history of philosophy where ‘essences’ and ‘essential qualities’ have lost almost all currency, the article opens the door for a reconsideration of the worth of ‘etymologies’ as sound and useful anthropological and philosophical objects of analysis.
Aligning Medical and Muslim Morality: An Islamic Bioethical Approach to Applying and Rationing Life Sustaining Ventilators in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Padela Aasim I. , Ali Mansur , Yusuf Asim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred policymakers and religious leaders to revisit age-old questions about the ethics of pandemic control, the just allocation of scarce resources, and preparing for death. We add to these conversations by discussing the use of mechanical ventilation for COVID-19 patients. Specifically, we address the following: For Muslim patients/families when is it permissible to forgo mechanical ventilation? For Muslim clinicians, what circumstances justify the withholding or withdrawing of mechanical ventilation from patients? And for policymakers, is there an Islamically-justifiable rubric for allocating mechanical ventilation to patients in times of scarcity? Our Islamic bioethical analyses connect biostatistical data and social contexts with ethico-legal constructs to bridge the epistemic theories of biomedicine and the Islamic legal tradition. They reveal that forgoing mechanical ventilation is permissible for Muslims, that there are several conditions that allow for Muslim clinicians to justify withholding and withdrawing mechanical ventilation, and also several policy rubrics for ventilator allocation that would be justifiable.
Du, Ich und Wir
Authors: Zahavi Dan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Betrachtet man die gegenwärtigen philosophischen Arbeiten über die Natur und den Status von kollektiver Intentionalität und Wir-Intentionen, fällt auf, wie viel Aufwand betrieben wird, um die Struktur gemeinsamer Handlungen zu analysieren und um nachzuweisen, ob die Intention, beispielsweise einen gemeinsamen Spaziergang zu unternehmen oder das Haus gemeinsam zu streichen, auf irgendeine Form der Ich-Intentionalität reduziert werden kann oder nicht. Viel weniger Arbeiten haben sich der Analyse geteilter Stimmungen und Emotionen gewidmet. Dies ist nicht nur deshalb bedauerlich, weil das Teilen von Emotionen (emotional sharing) in der Entwicklung aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach gemeinsamen Handlungen vorangeht und logisch betrachtet grundlegender ist, sondern auch, weil es eine Art des Zusammenseins mit Anderen konstituiert, die wir untersuchen müssen, wenn wir die Natur des Wir verstehen wollen. Mein vorrangiges Ziel in diesem Beitrag ist es, eine Antwort auf die folgende Frage zu geben: Setzt die Wir-Erfahrung, die Erfahrung, Teil eines Wir zu sein, die Differenzierung von Selbsterfahrung und Fremderfahrung voraus, geht sie ihr voraus, erhält sie sie aufrecht, oder hebt sie sie auf? Um diese Frage zu beantworten, werde ich das Teilen von Emotionen näher betrachten und Quellen heranziehen, die in der gegenwärtigen Sozialontologie zu häufig ignoriert werden, nämlich Einsichten, die sich in der klassischen Phänomenologie und in der gegenwärtigen Forschung zu sozialer Kognition finden lassen.