bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional trends and drivers of the global methane budget
Authors: Stavert Ann R. , Saunois Marielle , Canadell Josep G. , Poulter Benjamin , Jackson Robert B. , Regnier Pierre , Lauerwald Ronny , Raymond Peter A. , Allen George H. , Patra Prabir K. , Bergamaschi Peter , Bousquet Phillipe , Chandra Naveen , Ciais Philippe , Gustafson Adrian , Ishizawa Misa , Ito Akihiko , Kleinen Thomas , Maksyutov Shamil , McNorton Joe , Melton Joe R. , Müller Jurek , Niwa Yosuke , Peng Shushi , Riley William J. , Segers Arjo , Tian Hanqin , Tsuruta Aki , Yin Yi , Zhang Zhen , Zheng Bo , Zhuang Qianlai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe ongoing development of the Global Carbon Project (GCP) global methane (CH4) budget shows a continuation of increasing CH4 emissions and CH4 accumulation in the atmosphere during 2000–2017. Here, we decompose the global budget into 19 regions (18 land and 1 oceanic) and five key source sectors to spatially attribute the observed global trends. A comparison of top‐down (TD) (atmospheric and transport model‐based) and bottom‐up (BU) (inventory‐ and process model‐based) CH4 emission estimates demonstrates robust temporal trends with CH4 emissions increasing in 16 of the 19 regions. Five regions—China, Southeast Asia, USA, South Asia, and Brazil—account for >40% of the global total emissions (their anthropogenic and natural sources together totaling >270 Tg CH4 yr−1 in 2008–2017). Two of these regions, China and South Asia, emit predominantly anthropogenic emissions (>75%) and together emit more than 25% of global anthropogenic emissions. China and the Middle East show the largest increases in total emission rates over the 2000 to 2017 period with regional emissions increasing by >20%. In contrast, Europe and Korea and Japan show a steady decline in CH4 emission rates, with total emissions decreasing by ~10% between 2000 and 2017. Coal mining, waste (predominantly solid waste disposal) and livestock (especially enteric fermentation) are dominant drivers of observed emissions increases while declines appear driven by a combination of waste and fossil emission reductions. As such, together these sectors present the greatest risks of further increasing the atmospheric CH4 burden and the greatest opportunities for greenhouse gas abatement.
Treatment algorithm for thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic liver disease undergoing planned invasive procedures
Authors: Yoshiji Hitoshi , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Kurosaki Masayuki , Torimura Takuji , Hatano Etsuro , Yatsuhashi Hiroshi , Yamakado Koichiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThrombocytopenia is highly prevalent in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and these patients often require invasive procedures that carry a risk of bleeding. To prevent bleeding, guidelines recommend increasing platelet counts in patients with CLD who have thrombocytopenia and are planned to undergo invasive procedures. There are currently two options to increase platelet counts in patients in this setting: platelet transfusion or thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPORAs). Several treatment algorithms have been developed in the US to help physicians choose the best course of treatment for each patient; however, to date, no such algorithm has been proposed in other countries, where the choice of treatment has been based on each physician's judgment and experience. Here, we discuss the pathogenesis and treatment of thrombocytopenia in patients with CLD, we review and present current evidence of the efficacy of TPORAs for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in patients with CLD, and we present our expert opinion on a Japanese treatment algorithm for thrombocytopenia in patients with CLD who are planned to undergo invasive procedures. This algorithm aims to provide guidance for optimal decision making in the selection of TPORA therapy or platelet transfusion based on the latest evidence and according to actual clinical practice.
Impacts of barter exchange and decision biases in a two‐level supply chain under pull contract
Authors: Zhang Baofeng , Chen Menghan , Wei Lin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBarter exchange has been growingly popular in business for its advantage to liquidate excessive inventory. While barter exchange is relevant to supply chain management, little is known about its impacts on the supply chain contracting and efficiency. This study explores these issues in a two‐level supply chain under a wholesale‐price pull contract, where the manufacturer undertakes the inventory risk. Stackelberg equilibriums are derived when the two supply chain agents are rational and biased, respectively. We show that barter exchange encourages the retailer to provide a lower wholesale price to the manufacturer and induces the manufacturer to produce more. Barter exchange benefits the retailer and the supply chain system, thereby improving the supply chain efficiency, but may harm the manufacturer. We further examine the impacts of the supply chain agents' decision biases in barter exchange, where the retailer and the manufacturer may overestimate or underestimate the supply rate of what the retailer needs. When the retailer believes the manufacturer holds the same level of bias, the retailer's overestimation renders it to offer a lower wholesale price, thereby leading the manufacturer to produce less. This finding implies that the retailer's overestimation enhances double marginalization and reduces the supply chain efficiency. The manufacturer's overestimation leads it to produce more. However, when the biased retailer learns the manufacturer's decision bias accurately, the retailer's overestimation brings a higher wholesale price, thereby inducing a higher manufacturer's production quantity and a higher supply chain efficiency. The manufacturer's overestimation induces a lower wholesale price and a higher production quantity.
Improving the non‐compensatory trace‐clustering decision process
Authors: Delias Pavlos , Doumpos Michael , Grigoroudis Evangelos , Matsatsinis Nikolaos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn flexible environments (such as healthcare or customer service), the observed behavior is expected to considerably vary, namely there is no dominant flow path. Such a high variability obstructs the process discovery task since it regularly leads to “spaghetti” process models. Trace clustering is about grouping behaviors, and discovering a distinct model per group, thus delivering more comprehensible results. In previous works, we have proposed a multiple‐criteria non‐compensatory approach to create a similarity metric and finally perform trace clustering. The main problem that we tried to respond to is how to summarize a process event log, when a lot of variability exists, thus facilitating knowledge discovery. The underpinnings of the non‐compensatory approach are first the fact that a sufficient number of criteria must be concordant with the similarity (concordance setting) and second that there should not exist any criterion raising a veto logic, that is, among the criteria that are not concordant, none of them must be conflicting with the similarity (discordance setting). This work challenges improved support for the decision‐maker (DM) and it extends the previous approach by (i) proposing an improved clustering technique based on spectral clustering; (ii) guiding the clustering process by allowing reinforced or counterveto effects and pairwise constraints; (iii) handling outliers through a trimming approach as an integer linear program. All improvements aiming at making elements of the trace‐clustering process more accessible to the DMs and enhancing the understandability of the analysis.
The influence of community health on hospitals attainment of Magnet designation: Implications for policy and practice
Authors: Boamah Sheila A. , Hamadi Hanadi Y. , Bailey Chloe E. , Apatu Emma , Spaulding Aaron C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsTo determine if there is an association between better County Health Rankings and the increased odds of a hospital gaining Magnet designation in subsequent years (2014–2019) compared with counties with lower rankings.BackgroundThe Magnet hospital model is recognized to have a great effect on nurses, patients and organizational outcomes. Although Magnet hospital designation is a well‐established structural marker for nursing excellence, the effect of County Health Rankings and subsequent hospital achievement of Magnet status is unknown.DesignA descriptive, cross‐sectional quantitative approach was adopted for this study.MethodsData were derived from 2010 to 2019 U.S. County Health Rankings, American Hospital Association, and American Nursing Credentialing Center databases. Logistic regression models were utilized to determine associations between county rankings for health behaviours, clinical care, social and economic factors, physical environment and counties with a new Magnet hospital after 2014.ResultsCounties with the worst rankings for clinical care and socio‐economic status had reduced odds of obtaining a Magnet hospital designation compared with best‐ranking counties. While middle‐ranking counties for the physical environment ranking had increased odds of having Magnet designation compared with best‐ranking counties. Additionally, having an increased percent of government non‐federal hospital or a higher percentage of critical access hospitals in the county reduced the odds of having a Magnet‐designated facility after 2014.ConclusionThe findings underscore the important associations between Magnet‐designated facilities’ location and the health of its surrounding counties. This study is the first to examine the relationship between County Health Rankings and a hospital's likelihood of obtaining Magnet status and points to the need for future research to explore outcomes of care previously identified as improved in Magnet‐designated hospitals.ImplicationsRecognizing the benefits of Magnet facilities, it is important for health care leaders and policy makers to seek opportunities to promote centres of excellence in higher need communities through policy and financial intervention.
Process evaluation in intellectual disability research: A case study and the need for adaptation of frameworks
Authors: Randell Elizabeth , McNamara Rachel , Busse Monica 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundInvolving adults with cognitive impairments, and specifically intellectual disability, in research is critical to developing appropriate and effective interventions but is highly challenging. Our aim was to examine where complexities lie in delivering research in underrepresented and hard to reach populations using an exemplar process evaluation conducted as part of a drug reduction trial.MethodsQuantitative methods were used to assess recruitment, adherence to the intervention and safety data. Qualitative interviews examined non‐efficacy based barriers to drug reduction in clinical practice.ResultsFeasibility of carrying out a drug reduction trial was limited by a lack of exploration of acceptability. Barriers to successful delivery included concerns around wider care team co‐operation and consent procedures.ConclusionsIt is important to consider interventions involving adults with cognitive impairment, and particularly intellectual disability, as complex. Current process evaluation frameworks require further adaptation to guide research and innovation in these populations.
Genome‐wide identification and transcriptome‐based expression profiling of the Sox gene family in the spinyhead croaker (Collichthys lucidus)
Authors: Liu Fujiang , Zhou Li , Zhang Jing , Wang Yilei , Wang Zhiyong , Liu Xiande , Cai Mingyi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSox genes encode transcription factors with a high‐mobility group (HMG) box, playing critical roles in the initiation and maintenance of a variety of developmental processes, such as sex determination and differentiation. In the present study, we identified 26 Sox genes in the genome of spinyhead croaker Collichthys lucidus (Richardson, 1844) with homology‐based analysis of the HMG box. The transcriptome‐based expression profiles revealed that the expression of the Sox gene in gonads began to differ between sexes when the body length was 2.74 ± 0.24 cm. At that time, three Sox genes (Sox11b, Sox8a and Sox19) were significantly upregulated, accompanied by the downregulation of 12 Sox genes in the ovary, and six Sox genes were temporarily significantly upregulated in the testis. Afterwards, the expression profile of Sox genes changed only with a small amplitude in both the ovary and testis. For adult tissues, huge differences were observed in the expression profiles of Sox genes between ovaries and testes, as well as small differences in somatic tissues between sexes. These results provide clues to further decipher the role of Sox genes in the processes of sex determination and differentiation in spinyhead croaker and other teleosts.
Safety and feasibility of implanting a transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (TV‐ICD) in the left axilla
Authors: Enomoto Yoshinari , Noro Mahito , Toyoda Yasutake , Ishii Rina , Asami Masako , Takagi Takahito , Sahara Naohiko , Hashimoto Hikari , Kujime Shingo , Nakamura Keijiro , Hara Hidehiko , Moroi Masao , Sugi Kaoru , Nakamura Masato 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (TV‐ICD) systems are commonly implanted in the left anterior chest because of an easier implantation and better defibrillation threshold. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of left axillary implantations of TV‐ICD systems.MethodsWe performed left axillary TV‐ICD implantations and compared that to the major complication rate and operation time of the conventional TV‐ICD implantation site (left anterior chest). The electrical parameter trends were also assessed in the left axilla group.ResultsSeventy‐six consecutive patients were evaluated for the analysis. Thirty‐one patients had their system implanted in the left axilla and the reasons for the implantations included 29 patients for cosmetic reasons and two for post‐infection conditions. The operation time and major complication rate were similar between the two groups (left anterior chest vs. left axilla: 134±62.4 min vs. 114±33.5 min, p = .11, 1/45 patient, 2.2% [pocket hematoma] vs. 1/31 patient, 3.2% [lead dislodgement], p = .77). During the follow up period (4.9±2.3years), no lead interruptions were observed in either group. The electrical lead parameters at the time of the implantation and follow up were similar in the study group (R wave sensing 20.8±33.4 vs. 11.2±7.42 mv, p = .34; lead impedance 464±64.7 vs. 418±135ohm, p = .22; pacing threshold [at 0.4 ms] 1.0±0.76 vs. 1.21±0.93V, p = .49).ConclusionTV‐ICD implantations in the left axilla were performed safely without increasing the operation time as compared to the conventional ICD implantation site. ICD implantations in the left axilla are an alternative in those not suitable for implanting TV‐ICDs in the conventional implantation site.
Enabling POTUS: Mark Meadows as Donald Trump's Last Chief of Staff
Authors: Cohen David B. , Hult Karen M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThrough the lens of past scholarship on White House structuring and staffing, we analyze the performance of Mark Meadows, President Donald Trump's final chief of staff. We examine the major roles performed by chiefs of staff and their offices, exploring their participation in management and in policy processes. Probing the roles, activities, and performance of Meadows and his Trump administration predecessors underscores the variation among chiefs of staff under the same president and, more importantly, the significance of individual presidents and chiefs of staff for governing.
Thermal Profiling of Automotive Turbochargers in Durability Tests
Authors: Pilgrim Christopher C. , Ehrhard Jan , Schinnerl Mario , Araguás-Rodríguez Silvia , Peral David , Straka Marc-Sebastian , Genschmar Mike , Karagiannopoulos Solon , Gutierrez Salvador Paheco , Feist Jörg P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A major portion of the development of an automotive powertrain system is devoted to robustness and durability testing to ascertain the viability of the design. For turbochargers, thermo-mechanical fatigue is often considered as life-limiting failure mechanism for the turbine section; therefore, these tests involve repeated and continuous cycling of the turbocharger for hundreds of hours. Thermocouples are used to monitor the temperature during the test; however, they only provide information at the location to which they are attached, are practically challenging to apply to all areas of interest, and are prone to fail due to the thermal cycling throughout the test. As a result, there may be very limited temperature data at the end of the test. If a failure occurred in the system during the testing, the lack of temperature data can inhibit the understanding of the cause. Further testing may be required and delay product release, which add significant expense to the product development. The thermal history coatings (THCs) developed by Sensor Coating Systems can offer a new and unique solution to provide complimentary temperature information for this purpose. THCs are applied to the surface of a component and, when heated, the coating permanently changes according to the maximum temperature of exposure. A laser-based instrumentation system is then used to measure the coating or paint, and through calibration, the maximum temperature profile of the surface can be recorded. Although this technique is relatively new, it has been used in several turbomachinery, and other applications to capture the spatial temperature distribution of critical components. However, the turbocharger durability test presents new challenges for the technique. It has not been tested in this type of application and the extended and repeated cycling operation can test the durability of the coating and will influence the response of the coating, hence, the temperature measurements. The internal surfaces of the turbocharger will also be exposed to the exhaust gases of the combustion process. In this paper, the capability of the THC for this application was investigated. For the first time, the effect of cyclic operation on the THC is reported. The measurement capability was demonstrated on two turbine housings tested on a gas stand, one for a single cycle, another for 10 cycles. The results show that the surface temperature profile of the two turbine housings can be accurately recorded and the results are validated against the installed thermocouples. The demonstration indicates that the THC can be used to acquire accurate and detailed spatial temperature distributions, which significantly enhance the information from thermocouples alone. This information can be used to improve the interpretation of the durability test and hence accelerate new product release.
Accurate Interpolation of the Dependency of Modal Properties on the Rotation Speed for the Transient Response Analysis of Bladed Disks
Authors: Tong Jing , Zang Chaoping , Petrov E. P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
During fast gas-turbine engine acceleration and deceleration, the transient vibration effects in bladed disk vibration become significant and the transient response needs to be calculated. In this paper, an effective method is developed for efficient calculations of the transient vibration response for mistuned bladed disks under varying rotation speeds. The method uses the large-scale finite element modeling of the bladed disks allowing the accurate description of the dynamic properties of the mistuned bladed disks. The effects of the varying rotation speed on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a mistuned bladed disk and its effects on the amplitude and the spectral composition of the loading are considered. The dependency of the modal characteristics on the rotation speed is based on the evaluation of these characteristics at reference points followed by the interpolation to obtain values at any rotation speed from the operating range. A new method has been developed for the interpolation of mode shapes while preserving the orthogonality and mass normalization of the mode shapes. The method of mode shape interpolation is elaborated for tuned and mistuned bladed disks. The accuracy and efficiency of the method are demonstrated on test examples and on analysis of transient forced response of realistic bladed disks.
Modeling and Maximum Power Tracking of a Solar-Wind Microgeneration System
Authors: de Oliveira Pedro H. T. de M. , Cerqueira Revoredo Téo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The global energy scenario is changing, and clean generation is leading the way. As new ways of producing energy becomes more popular, microgeneration takes a greater share of the market, supplying both isolated and grid connected systems. In such context, hybrid systems that combine two or more different types of sources are a promising approach, although their valuable application depends on many intrinsic and ambient factors and should be thoroughly evaluated. To assess system performance in advance, not only to better predict its operation but also to well design it for specific applications without the need to install it on site, accurate computational models that reflect its real behavior should be developed. Aiming to contribute on this matter, this work presents a dynamic model for a solar-wind microgeneration system, which allows the evaluation of the system’s behavior under different demand scenarios, as well as to implement different energy management strategies. In addition to the base model comprised a photovoltaic panel, a wind turbine, an inverter, and an energy storage element, this work presents the implementation and performance comparison of two different maximum power point tracking algorithms based on soft computing techniques and on real data collected at a meteorological station. Results validate the hybrid microgeneration model and provides insight on the specification of maximum power point tracking algorithms for specific applications.
Widespread Supplement Intake and Use of Poor Quality Information in Elite Adolescent Swiss Athletes
Authors: Mettler Samuel , Lehner Georgette , Morgan Gareth 
Published: September 2021

Compared with adult athletes, rather little is known about supplementation behavior in adolescent athletes. This study’s aim was to determine elite adolescent athletes’ supplement use and sources of information relating thereto. A total of 430 (87%) of 496 questioned athletes returned the anonymized questionnaire. Thereof, 84% consumed at least one weekly supplement and 97% indicated some supplement intake during the previous 4 weeks. On average, 13.3 supplement servings were consumed per week. The 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile was 4.5, 10.5, and 20.0 servings per week, with a maximum of 67. The most prevalent supplements in use were multimineral products (41% of all athletes), multivitamins (34%), Vitamin C (34%), and Vitamin D (33%). Male athletes consumed significantly more Vitamin C and D, sports drinks, protein powder, and recovery products compared with female athletes; whereas, women consumed more iron supplements. The three most important motives for supplement use were recovery support (40%), health maintenance (39%), and performance enhancement (30%). The most frequent answers to the question “who recommended that you use supplements” were family/friends (36%), a physician (27%), and a trainer/coach (25%). The main three information sources about the supplements in use were the persons who recommended the supplementation (56%), the internet (25%), and information provided by supplement suppliers (11%). A positive doping attitude was associated with the consumption of performance enhancing supplements (p = .017). In conclusion, this study among elite adolescent Swiss athletes indicates a widespread and large-scale use of dietary supplements, which was associated with a low level of information quality.