bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Supplement Use Among the Undergraduate College Population
Authors: Freeman Hanna , Kam Lynn , Harris Stephanie 
Published: June 2021

Over the past decade, the prevalence of dietary supplement use in the United States has increased among the general adult population.PurposeTo determine the relationship among dietary supplement use, academic major, health information source, and motivation for use in the undergraduate college population.MethodsUndergraduates at Case Western Reserve University were invited to participate in this study. A survey was administered through REDcap, a secure web‐based database, to interested participants. The survey included questions on (i) gender, (ii) intended academic major, (iii) dietary supplement use, (iv) rational for use, and (v) sources of information on dietary supplements.ResultsIn total, 238 undergraduates completed the survey with 71% reporting dietary supplement use. Nutrition majors and pre‐health majors were as likely to use dietary supplements as other academic majors (odds ratio=1.11, 95% CI for odd ratio= 0.63‐ 1.98). Main motivations for use were to improve or maintain overall health (88%), to boost immunity (50%), and for a vitamin/mineral deficiency (32%). The top three sources used to obtain information on dietary supplements were the Internet (57%), family or friends (49%), and physicians (38%).ConclusionsDietary supplement use is high in the undergraduate student population. Most students reported using unreliable resources to obtain information on dietary supplements, and thus may be potentially making poor health choices. In addition, many health majors are planning for careers in the medical profession. Therefore, critical assessment of reliable health information should be reinforced in their academic curriculums, so that they can provide evidence‐based advice to their future patients.
The Role of Glucose Metabolism in Cardiac Remodeling Induced by Tobacco Smoke Exposure
Authors: Azevedo Paula , Ferreira Vanessa , Santos Priscila , Gonçalves Andrea , Okoshi Marina , Fernandes Ana Angelica , Roscani Meliza , Polegato Bertha , Paiva Sergio , Zornoff Leonardo , Minicucci Marcos 
Published: June 2021

Therefore The aim of this study is to investigate the cardiac glucose metabolism pathways in cardiac remodeling induced by TS.Methods 20 animals were allocated into 2 groups: group of animals exposed to tobacco smoke (TS) and group animals not exposed to cigarette smoke (C). After 2 months the animals were subjected to: a) echocardiographic study; e) spectrophotometric evaluation of energy metabolism enzymes and f) Western blot for Akt and AMPK.The TS group showed larger left atrium size and lower ejection fraction than those of group. The animals showed the same body weight (p = 0.3), heart rate ( p = 0.4) and mean arterial pressure. As regards the analysis of energy metabolism enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) (C 138 ± 24, TS=198 ± 31, p = 0.003), LDH (C =121 ± 31, TS= 167 ± 27, p = 0.017) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) (C=208 ± 18, TS= 211 ± 27, p=0,83) were greater in the TS group and citrate synthase (C =39,0 ±2.32, 25.53 ± TS=5.36, p <0.001), complex I (C =5.03 ± 0.48, TS=2.75 ± 0.62, p <0.001), complex II (C=5.32 ± 0.93; TS= 2.48 ± 0.78, p <0.001) , ATP synthase (C=57.91 ± 7.24, TS= 21.18 ± 4.84 p <0.001) were lower in the TS group. Akt/Aktp was similar between the groups. AMPK was reduced in CS group (p<0,001).Conclusion: During early cardiac remodeling, there is an increase in glucose metabolism. In this study LDH and PFK , that represents glycolytic pathways were increased. However, the citric acid cicle and mitochondrial respiratory chain may be compromised. One of the key modulators of these features may be AMPK.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Childhood Dual Burden of Malnutrition
Authors: Tzioumis Emma , Poole Charles , Bentley Margaret , Adair Linda 
Published: June 2021

Evidence from adults suggests overweight is shifting to lower income groups in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC), but has not been studied in children.Using Demographic and Health Surveys from 28 LMIC with repeated surveys from 1990‐2012, we estimated country‐level prevalence of stunting (ST) and overweight (OW) in children <5y, and the prevalence difference of ST and OW between lowest and highest quintiles of household wealth within each country‐year. To determine if the disparity between lower and higher wealth changed over time, we calculated the annualized difference in prevalence growth rate for ST and OW from first to final survey within each country.ST prevalence is greatest in the lowest wealth quintile, as indicated by positive prevalence difference for all country‐years (range: 0.9‐51.2). OW prevalence differences are mostly negative (range: ‐13.1‐3.3), indicating higher absolute prevalence of OW in the highest wealth quintile than the lowest in most, but not all countries.The annualized difference in ST prevalence growth rate between quintiles was positive for 50% of countries, meaning the ST rate increased more quickly for the lowest wealth quintile than the highest in 50% of countries but increased more quickly in the highest wealth quintile in the other 50%. The annualized difference in OW prevalence growth rate between quintiles was positive for 57% of countries, indicating that OW prevalence increased more quickly in the lowest wealth quintile than the highest in a majority of countries.Stunting remains the burden of the poorest children. Absolute overweight prevalence is still highest in the wealthiest children, but this is starting to shift to lower wealth groups.
What do we know about fruit and vegetable consumption in the UK? Trends from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (NDNS RP)
Authors: Ray Sumantra , Nicholson Sonja , Ziauddeen Nida , Steer Toni , Cole Darren , Solis‐Trapala Ivonne , Amoutzopoulos Birdem , Page Polly 
Published: June 2021

Increased fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is a public health nutrition priority. NDNS provides the only source of representative data on diet, nutrient intakes and nutritional status for the UK population. Combined data from the first 4 years of NDNS RP enables extensive characterisation of FV consumption patterns including distribution by age, sex, time and income. Also, disaggregation of FV from composite dishes provides improved estimates for total intake in relation to the UK's “5‐a‐day” public health target.We have shown that whilst overall FV consumption falls below 5‐a‐day, the proportion meeting the target increases with age. Exploratory analysis also shows that consumption of 4 portions/day is more frequently achieved (16‐56%), however a large proportion of the population still falls below this. In the under‐65y population, FV consumption is significantly lower in all age/sex groups with the lowest income compared with those with highest income.This work highlights the relevance of tracking FV consumption in population nutrition surveillance. Identification of groups where consumption is particularly low enables targeted public health nutrition initiatives and continuous monitoring of impact. Disaggregated FV data also provides opportunities to further investigate health effects through more refined information on consumption patterns and eating habits which is important for refining such initiatives. The NDNS datasets offer potential for robust comparisons of the UK's FV consumption with other countries.

Table 1: Comparison of disaggregation and non‐disaggregation methods of calculating “5‐a‐day” FV portions for NDNS Years 1‐4 (2008‐12); comparison with non‐disaggregated results from NDNS of adults 19 to 64 years (2000‐01).
Age group (years) and sex

Boys
Men
Girls
Women

11‐18
19‐64
65+
11‐18
19‐64
65+

NDNS Years 1‐4 (2008‐2012): Disaggregation method
Number of portions
3.0
4.1
4.7
2.8
4.1
4.6

% achieving 5‐a‐day
11
30
40
7
30
41

NDNS Years 1‐4 (2008‐2012): Non‐disaggregation method
Number of portions
2.6
3.4
3.7
2.6
3.5
3.6

% achieving 5‐a‐day
9
18
19
6
17
19

NDNS of adults aged 19‐64 years (2000‐01): Non‐disaggregation method
Number of portions
‐
2.7
‐
‐
2.9
‐

% achieving 5‐a‐day
‐
14
‐
‐
15
‐

NDNS RP methods and headline results are published via web‐based reports and data are available via the UK Data Archive.
Bacterial Translocation and Obesity in Antiretroviral (ARV)‐Naïve HIV+ Adults in Botswana
Authors: Martinez Sabrina , Campa Adriana , Marlink Richard , Makhema Joseph , Huffman Fatma , Williams O. Dale , Baum Marianna 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIntestinal bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are a marker of microbial translocation which causes chronic immune activation associated with HIV disease progression. Excessive weight among patients not on ARV is associated with slower HIV disease progression; however the mechanism of action is unknown. We investigated LPS levels in overweight/obese ARV‐naive HIV+ adults.MethodsAnthropometrics, CD4 count, HIV viral load and bioimpedance were obtained. Overweight/obesity were defined as body mass index (BMI) 蠅25 kg/m2. LPS was determined (Limulus Amebocyte Lysate, Lonza, MD) in 60 participants at baseline and 18 months. Regression analyses were adjusted for age, gender, smoking and body fat mass%.ResultsAmong 60 ARV‐naïve HIV+ asymptomatic adults, median age was 33 years (IQR: 29‐39) and 76.4% were women. Overweight/obesity was inversely associated with LPS levels at baseline (OR=.79; P=.04) and at 18 months (OR=.85; P=.03). Those with higher fat mass% also had lower LPS at baseline (OR=.85; P=.01). LPS 蠅 the median was associated with higher viral load (OR=2.6; P=.03) and viral load 蠅 4 log10 copies/mL (OR=8.01; P=.01) at baseline, and approached significance at 18 months (OR=3.78; P=.06).ConclusionsOverweight/obesity was associated with lower levels of LPS, which was directly associated with viral load. These findings indicate that lower LPS may mediate better survival of overweight/obese ARV‐naive HIV+ patients. The inflammatory mechanisms in HIV disease are complex and not entirely understood, which warrants further investigation.
The Brain on a High Fat Diet: The Effects of Beta‐Hydroxybutyrate on Astrocytes
Authors: Haluska Robert , Earp Jacob , White Robin 
Published: June 2021

Astrocytes are brain cells that store and transport energy to neurons in the form of glucose. When glucose levels are low or absent, fat is metabolized and ketone bodies are created as an alternative energy source. In recent years, alternative dieting strategies such as low carbohydrate/high fat and intermittent fasting have become popular. Interestingly, these diets have shown therapeutic potential in treatment of diseases including Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. However, it is unknown how astrocytes are affected by these diets. Ketogenesis results in the production of 3 ketone bodies: beta‐hydroxybutyrate (βHB), acetone and acetoacetate. Previous studies have shown that βHB levels increase significantly in the brain under ketogenic conditions. Thus, we chose to focus on how replacement of glucose with βHB impacts number and morphology of C6 astrocytic cells. Four experimental groups were tested: No Glucose/No βHB, 25mM Glucose (control), 1mM βHB, and 25mM βHB. Following treatment, cell morphology was visualized via actin immunohistochemistry (IHC) and nuclei were labeled using diamindino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI). Quantification of the DAPI staining revealed a significant decrease in cell number in the No Glucose/No βHB, 1mM βHB and 25mM βHB groups compared to the 25mM Glucose control. Cells in the No Glucose/No βHB and 1mM βHB groups exhibited a rounded shape distinct from the 25mM Glucose and 25mM βHB groups. While previous studies have shown positive effects of a ketone‐rich diet, these results suggest that astrocyte health may be impaired when βHB is substituted for glucose.This work was supported by the Westfield State University Research Grant.
Coating Polyurethane Surfaces by Electrostatic Charging Followed by Dip Coating/Electrophoretic Deposition
Authors: Bhardwaj Garima , Webster Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AimSurface associated infections are one of the main causes for failures associated with medical devices. Bacterial localization and biofilm formation may lead to acute and chronic infection. Biofilm on the surface protects the bacteria from the immune system and antibiotic therapy. This needs aggressive treatment of antibiotics. The high doses of antibiotic treatment prevent healthy tissue formation at the site and triggers antibiotic resistance. Thus, to prevent infections, various strategies have been developed besides conventional systemic and local antibiotic treatment. Recently, there is an increasing interest for coating these surfaces to improve bioactivity and prevent infection. The current study aimed to modify the surface of polyurethane endotracheal tubes by charging them electrostatic ally to induce a positive and then coating them with an anti‐ bacterial protein via dip coating(3 times for a minute each) and electrophoretic deposition(using titanium foil as counter and working electrode at a voltage of 20V for 10 minutes).Results and conclusionimage(a)image(b) Figure 1: SEM images of the coated surfacesA thick and uniform coating was achieved on both the inside and outside surfaces of the tubes. Bioactivity of the protein was maintained and the entire process was cost and time efficient.AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank N8 Medical devices and Northeastern university for funding and Brigham Young University for providing the endotracheal tubes.
Melatonin‐mediated suppression of early peripheral sensitization in osteoarthritic meniscus
Authors: Hong Yunkyung , Kim Joo‐Heon , Hong Yonggeun 
Published: June 2021

Joint pain is classified as a major symptom in most of osteoarthritic (OA) cases. Most common management for OA is to alleviate symptoms through administration with conventional analgesic drugs, but patients continued to experience pain. Therefore, the present study is aimed at determining the effects of melatonin on peripheral nociceptive processing in animals with collagenase‐induced cartilage damage. Melatonin (10 mg/kg) was injected twice daily subcutaneously. There was TrkB upregulation as well as increase of non‐glycosylated NK‐1R despite no difference of its glycosylation in OA meniscus, but melatonin blocked it. To study the effect of melatonin on cells exposed to inflammatory neuropeptides, primary cultured chondrocytes were treated with both TNF‐α and rCGRP. Increase of Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio is accompanied by reduction of cell viability, and there were a loss of type II collagen, increase of active MMP‐13, and nuclear Ca2+ deposition. But melatonin at the nanomolar concentration rescued from damage responses. These molecular results might indicate early anti‐nociceptive effect of melatonin, but behavior of the animals was deemed hypersensitive to innocuous mechanical stimuli. Further experiments are needed to elucidate their inconsistency.Funding: 2012R1A1A2005089, 2013R1A2A2A01067169, KGM4611512
Clinical Evaluation of Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB) and its Glucuronide in Biological Matrices of Succinic Semi Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Deficient Patients
Authors: Ainslie Garrett , Vogel Kara , Jansen Erwin , Salomons Gajja , Pedersen Daniel , Gibson K. Michael 
Published: June 2021

Gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), an endogenous metabolite, is an agonist towards both GHB and GABAB receptors. GHB is elevated during illicit drug use and in patients with heritable succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency, a disorder of GABA degradation. Previous reports have postulated that the glucuronide conjugate (GHB‐gluc) may represent a urinary biomarker for GHB intoxication. The objective of the present work was to examine the level of GHB‐gluc in SSADH‐deficient patients and its applicability as a potential clinical biomarker. Urine was quantified for GHB and GHB‐gluc on an AB Sciex 6500 mass spectrometer. Semi validation of the urine method was conducted using plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). SSADH patient urine, plasma and CSF and healthy volunteer control urine and plasma were collected and quantified for GHB and GHB‐gluc using LC‐MS/MS. Absolute quantification of GHB and GHB‐gluc in patient urine samples revealed an inverse correlation between GHB and GHB‐gluc (r2, 0.6; p value<0.05). Relative to control samples, the GHB‐gluc was only moderately elevated in patient samples (~15%). The GHB‐gluc was below the limit of quantification (25 ng/ml) in patient CSF and was not discernible between groups in plasma specimens. This work indicates that GHB‐conjugation may occur primarily in the kidney, or that a fraction of the GHB‐gluc is excreted in the bile.Acknowledgement: The generous support of the SSADH Association (www.ssadh.net) is gratefully acknowledged.
Antiangiogenic Activities of the Trigonella foenum‐graecum Seed Extracts
Authors: Hammad Hana , Habib Zina , Afifi Fatma , Zihlif Malek 
Published: June 2021

The role of angiogenesis for sustained tumor growth and metastasis formation has been recognized. Therefore, the inhibition of angiogenesis has become a vital therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer patients. This study aims to assess the antiangiogenic activity of fenugreek. Different fractions of fenugreek crude extracts were prepared and their antiangiogenic properties were assessed using the rat aortic ring assay and the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Extracts were investigated for their direct cytotoxic activity in the MCF7 breast cancer cell line using the methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Ethanol extract showed dose‐dependent inhibition of blood vessel outgrowth from primary tissue explants in the rat aortic ring assay with 100% inhibition at a concentration of 100µg/ml (p<0.001) while other extracts did not show significant activity. The CAM assay coincided with the results of the aortic ring assay with ethanol showing significant inhibition (p<0.001). Ethyl acetate extract also showed inhibition (p<0.05). The extracts only showed antiproliferative activity at a concentration of 400µg/ml towards MCF7 cells. Since the rat aortic ring assay and the CAM assay confirm that the ethanol extract inhibited vascularization significantly, further studies on the ethanol extract would be beneficial in isolating the active ingredient responsible for the inhibition.This work was supported by a grant of the Deanship of Academic Research, The University of Jordan.
Identifying Synergistic Interactions Between the Rexinoid and Adrenergic Signaling Pathways
Authors: Uray Ivan , Zsolczai David , Yao Linfang , Brown Powel , Bond Richard , Yang Peiying 
Published: June 2021

The RXR‐selective retinoid bexarotene is a potent anti‐proliferative agent that effectively suppresses mammary tumorigenesis, yet chronic treatment at effective doses is associated with adverse effects. To identify compounds that synergistically enhance the anti‐proliferative activity of bexarotene, we conducted high throughput screens using a library of clinically tested drugs and small molecules in premalignant human breast epithelial cells. The dual b/a1‐adrenergic receptor antagonist carvedilol showed strong synergy with bexarotene in both anchorage‐dependent and colony formation assays. Long‐term treatment of MMTV‐ErbB2 mice with low‐dose carvedilol (20 mg/kg/d) and bexarotene (20 mg/kg/d) as single agents delayed de novo tumor formation, while their combination effectively inhibited the development of ER‐negative breast cancer. Carvedilol administration was also associated with slower tumor growth compared to control mice.Most beta‐blockers tested had no effect on cell growth, and did not enhance the anti‐proliferative effect of bexarotene in vitro. However, another antagonist with a beta‐arrestin bias, alprenolol, was also synergistic with bexarotene, suggesting that long‐term modulation of downstream MAPK signaling pathways may play a role in the cancer preventive action of the combination of carvedilol and bexarotene.Carvedilol's favorable toxicity profile makes it a promising candidate for drug 'repurposing' as an anti‐cancer agent.Supported by the Duncan Family Institute Seed Funding Research Program and RO3 CA180550 (to I.P.U.).
Impaired Peripheral Dopaminergic System in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Kernychnyi Vitalii , Dziubenko Natalia , Prysiazhniuk Alona , Tolstanova Ganna 
Published: June 2021

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is the chronic inflammatory disease unknown etiology. Little is known on the role of dopaminergic system in the pathogenesis of UC, despite the evidence that dopaminergic hypoactivity may result in excessive inflammation. We demonstrated a diminished risk for UC in patients with schizophrenia (hyper‐dopaminergic system) (Tolstanova G. et al. Gastroenterology 2010;138 (5):S‐264). In this study we tested the hypothesize that patients with chronic UC is characterized by the disturbance of peripheral dopaminergic system.MethodsColonic biopsy samples from 7 patients with chronic UC with recurrence stage and 7 ‐ from healthy colon were included in the study. Expressions and localization of D2, D3 dopamine receptors, DAT (responsible for dopamine re‐uptake) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, rate‐limiting enzyme of dopamine synthesize) were investigated with immunohistochemistry.ResultsProfound expression of DАТ, D2R, D3R and ТН was found in apical membrane of colonocytes and basal membrane of Goblet cells of healthy colonic mucosa. Inflamed colonic mucosa of patients with UC was characterized by 25% decrease in levels of D2R and D3R; 75% decrease levels of TH, mostly in colonocytes. Levels and localization of DAT was not significantly changed. ConclusionRecurrence of chronic UC is associated with the downregulation of dopamine synthesize, D2R and D3R expression in colonic mucosa. Restitution of dopaminergic system may be new molecular targets for the UC therapy. Study was supported by the grant 01BF‐03601 MES of Ukraine.
The Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) Model of Preeclampsia Causes Decreased Capillary Perfusion in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Fraser Graham , Morton Jude , Schmidt Sydney , Bourque Stephane , Davidge Sandra , Davenport Margie , Steinback Craig 
Published: June 2021

The Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) model of preeclampsia exhibits angiogenic imbalance, endothelial dysfunction, increased vascular resistance and hypertension. We hypothesized the RUPP model would also exhibit decreased functional capillary density and perfusion in skeletal muscle. Female Sprague‐Dawley rats (n=30) were randomized to nonpregnancy (NP) or breeding (Preg) at 12 weeks of age and again to RUPP or SHAM surgeries on gestational day (GD) 14 (or equivalent age in NP rats). On GD 20 (or equivalent), capillary structure and perfusion of the extensor digitorum longus was imaged using digital intravital video microscopy. Functional videos were analyzed by a blinded observer. Capillary density (CD) was expressed as capillaries/millimeter intersecting 3 staggered reference lines (150µm). Flow was scored as the percentage of capillaries having: 1) continuous, 2) intermittent, or 3) stopped flow. Total CD was not different between groups. The RUPP model decreased continuous flow vessels (main effect of surgery, P<0.01) and increased stopped flow (main effect, p<0.01) both which were more pronounced in Preg animals (Continuous: Preg‐SHAM = 80.1±7.8% vs Preg‐RUPP = 67.8±11.2%, p<0.05) (Stopped: Preg‐SHAM = 8.7±3.2% vs Preg‐RUPP = 17.9±5.7% p<0.01). Our results demonstrate that the RUPP model of preeclampsia (and not just general hypoperfusion) is associated with a decreased capillary perfusion in skeletal muscle. Supported by AIHS, Olympus and Q‐Imaging