bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Time in Range Without Hypoglycaemia Using a Risk Calculator for Intermittently Scanned CGM in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sebastian‐Valles Fernando , Arranz Martin Jose Alfonso , Martínez‐Alfonso Julia , Jiménez‐Díaz Jessica , Hernando Alday Iñigo , Navas‐Moreno Victor , Armenta Joya Teresa , del Fandiño García Maria del Mar , Román Gómez Gisela Liz , Garai Hierro Jon , Lander Lobariñas Luis Eduardo , González‐Ávila Carmen , de Martinez de Icaya Purificación , Martínez‐Vizcaíno Vicente , Sampedro‐Nuñez Miguel Antonio , Marazuela Mónica 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeTo investigate the impact of clinical and socio‐economic factors on glycaemic control and construct statistical models to predict optimal glycaemic control (OGC) after implementing intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) systems.MethodsThis retrospective study included 1072 type 1 diabetes patients (49.0% female) from three centres using isCGM systems. Clinical data and net income from the census tract were collected for each individual. OGC was defined as time in range > 70%, with time below 70 mg/dL < 4%. The sample was randomly split in two equal parts. Logistic regression models to predict OGC were developed in one of the samples, and the best model was selected using the Akaike information criterion and adjusted for Pearson's and Hosmer–Lemeshow's statistics. Model reliability was assessed via external validation in the second sample and internal validation using bootstrap resampling.ResultsOut of 2314 models explored, the most effective predictor model included annual net income per person, sex, age, diabetes duration, pre‐isCGM HbA1c, insulin dose/kg, and the interaction between sex and HbA1c. When applied to the validation cohort, this model demonstrated 72.6% specificity, 67.3% sensitivity, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.736. The AUC through bootstrap resampling was 0.756. Overall, the model's validity in the external cohort was 80.4%.ConclusionsClinical and socio‐economic factors significantly influence OGC in type 1 diabetes. The application of statistical models offers a reliable means of predicting the likelihood of achieving OGC following isCGM system implementation.
Materials and structures at cold‐region and Arctic low temperatures: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Yan Jia‐Bao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractConstruction of infrastructures in cold regions and the Arctic has grown rapidly since the 2000s, including railways, platforms, bridges, roads, and pipelines. However, the harsh low temperatures significantly influence the mechanical behaviors of construction materials, and bring safety and durability challenges to these engineering structures. This study made a state‐of‐the‐art review on materials and structures exposed to low temperatures. This review started from constructional‐material mechanical properties, including concrete, steel reinforcement, mild/high‐strength steel plate, and steel strand at low temperatures. It reflected that low temperatures improved the strength of construction materials. However, the freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) had a detrimental effect on the modulus and strength of concrete. Furthermore, it was revealed that low temperatures increased the interfacial bonding strength between the steel reinforcements (or shear connectors) and concrete. Moreover, low temperatures improved the bending, shear, and compression resistances of reinforced concrete (RC) or prestressed concrete structures, but reduced the ductility of RC columns under lateral cyclic loads. Finally, reviews also found that low temperatures improved the compression resistance of concrete‐filled steel tubes using mild, high‐strength, and stainless steels, whereas FTCs and erosion reduced their compression capacity. In addition, low temperatures increased the bending resistance of steel–concrete composite structures, but the FTCs reduced it. The low temperatures bring challenges to the safety and resilience of engineering constructions, which requires careful further studies. Continuous further studies may focus on the durability of materials and the resilience of structures under diverse hazards, including earthquakes, impacts, and even blasts.
Brønsted‐Acid Catalyzed Aldehyde Insertion to Construct C−X Bond: High Regio‐ and Chemoselectivity Synthesis of Dihydrobenzo[1,5]oxazocines and Pyrrolo[3,4‐ d]tetrahydropyrimidines
Authors: Wen Yuan‐Min , Liu Teng , Zeng Gui‐Yun , Li Jun‐Jie , Yao Zeng‐Hong , He Chi‐Xian , Huang Chao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAldehydes as one of the most widely building blocks, have been frequently utilized as privileged C1 electrophile units and exhibited versatile applications to construct carbon‐heteroatom and carbon‐carbon bond. We herein described a novel Brønsted‐acid catalyzed aldehydes insertion reaction with maleimide‐based 1, n‐C, O/N‐synthons, involving a high regio‐ and chemoselectivity [6/7 + 1]or [3 + 1 + 1 + 1]manner. The maleimide‐based 1, n‐C, O/N‐synthons (n = 3, 6, 7) were originally designed and developed by our group which were used as flexible bisnucleophiles. By this tandem annulations approach, two types of structurally diverse medium‐sized heterocycles were synthesized in good to excellent yields (74–91 %) and with excellent selectivity, including dihydrobenzo[1,5]oxazocines (24 examples) and pyrrolo[3,4‐ d]tetrahydropyrimidines (22 examples). Significantly, formaldehyde, long‐chain aliphatic aldehydes and aromatic aldehydes can act as C1 electrophile units catalyzed by racemic BINOL‐derived phosphoric acid catalyst in these transformations, which then selectively attacked the OH or NH group bearing in functionalized maleimides and underwent the formation of C−C, C−O or C−N bond in a short time under microwave irradiation conditions.
Performance of SWIPT‐Assisted CNOMA System With P‐CSI User Selection Under Nakagami‐m Fading
Authors: Parida Samparna , Kumar Pawan , Das Santos Kumar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the performance investigation of a cooperative non‐orthogonal multiple access (CNOMA) system consisting of a single base station (BS), multiple near users, and a single far user. The near users are energy‐constrained and harvest energy using the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) technique. The BS uses a partial‐channel state information (P‐CSI) scheme to select a near user. The BS broadcasts the superimposed near users' and far user's signals. The selected near user performs successive interference cancellation (SIC) to detect the data. It uses the harvested energy to forward the far user data using the decode‐and‐forward protocol. The Nakagami‐m fading environment is considered for the analysis of the system in terms of outage probability, throughput, and energy efficiency. We derive closed‐form expressions for the far and the selected near users. We validate the results obtained using these expressions with simulation results. Also, we compare different user selection schemes existing in the literature with P‐CSI. P‐CSI is observed to outperform some of these schemes.
Term Structure and Risk Premiums of Commodity Futures With Linear Regressions
Authors: Kim Daejin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe apply the regression‐based affine term structure model to estimate the term structure of commodity futures. This model is advantageous in that it has a simple and fast algorithm, can accommodate a variety of observable and unspanned factors, and can be applied to daily and even real‐time observations. The results show that the model appropriately captures time‐series variations across different maturities and exhibits satisfactory performance in capturing cross‐sectional variations for specific months. Furthermore, we investigate the relationship between the existing commodity risk factor returns and the risk premiums inferred by the model. Our analysis reveals that different risk factor returns explain the spot and term premiums differently. Therefore, using the advantages of the model, we can better understand the term structure and risk premiums in commodity futures.
Moral Humility for a Complex World
Authors: Rieder Travis N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMany of us in the modern world find ourselves implicated in massive, structural harms and injustices. We emit greenhouse gases, which—along with everyone else's emissions—are warming the planet. We buy products that result from bad labor practices. And many of us feel (appropriately, I think) some amount of guilt for our participation, but also find it difficult or impossible to fully extract ourselves from the problematic systems. I call this challenge of determining individual moral responsibility in the face of massive, structural problems “catastrophe ethics.” In this Perspective commentary, I suggest that the ubiquity of catastrophe ethics cases in the modern world justifies adopting a position of moral humility, as we recognize that none of us is morally pure but, rather, we are each choosing our own version of impurity.
“Almost Forty!”: Four Decades of Open Partial Horizontal Laryngectomy—The Evolving Experience of the Italian School of Enrico de Campora
Authors: de Luca Pietro , de Campora Luca , Gallo Oreste , Radici Marco , Camaioni Angelo , de Campora Enrico 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this study is to provide a retrospective review of the 40‐year experience of three oncology referral centers in the field of reconstructive laryngeal surgery.Materials and MethodsA multi‐institutional retrospective analysis included adult patients who underwent reconstructive laryngeal surgery for cT2‐T4a laryngeal cancer (LC) between 1 June 1987 and 1 July 2019. Patients were stratified according to the European Laryngological Society classification for open partial horizontal laryngectomy (OPHL).ResultsThe final study group included 805 patients (668 men and 137 women). 561 tumors were glottic, while 244 showed supraglottic origin; 644 were considered anterior and 161 posterior. Arytenoid motility was normal in 712 patients, while the motility of the vocal folds appeared to be impaired in 501 patients. All patients underwent OPHL, of which 20 patients underwent OPHL I, 636 patients underwent OPHL II, and 149 patients underwent type III OPHL. 257 patients underwent adjuvant RT based on multiple risk factors/pathological findings. The 5‐year overall survival rate was 89.7% (95% CI 87.2–94). The 5‐year disease‐free survival rate was 78.4% (95% CI 76.8–84.9), and the 5‐year disease‐specific survival was 64.3% (95% CI 62.2–69.6). Complications were observed in 7.5% of patients, while long‐term sequelae were observed in 21% of patients.ConclusionThe findings of this work reveal four decades of surgical evolution in the school of Enrico de Campora. Despite the retrospective analysis and the extremely long follow‐up, our analysis shows how OPHLs play a crucial role in LC (even cT4a), with excellent results in terms of functional outcome and organ preservation.
Exploring the Impact of Vitamin D and Zinc Deficiencies on Seborrheic Dermatitis: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kashiri Amine , Maghsoudloo Negin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsSeborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects patients' quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin and mineral deficiencies may contribute to its progression, although the exact etiology remains unclear.ObjectiveThis case‐control study assessed the serum levels of vitamin D and zinc in SD patients compared to a healthy control group, with a focus on how these deficiencies relate to disease severity.MethodsA total of 71 SD patients and 71 healthy controls participated, providing demographic data and blood samples. Disease severity was evaluated using the SEDASI scoring system. Serum vitamin D and zinc levels were measured using ELISA and photometric methods, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using t‐tests and chi‐square tests in SPSS 24, with groups matched for demographic variables (p > 0.05).ResultsFindings revealed no significant difference in vitamin D levels between SD patients and the control group (p = 0.066). However, zinc levels were notably lower in the SD group (p = 0.001). Additionally, vitamin D levels were inversely related to the severity of SD (p = 0.022), while no correlation was found between zinc levels and disease severity (p = 0.664).ConclusionZinc deficiency appears to play a role in SD pathogenesis, while lower vitamin D levels are associated with increased disease severity. These findings highlight the need for further research into the potential therapeutic role of nutrient supplementation in managing SD.
Trends and Outcomes of Laparoscopic Surgery in Low‐Resource Settings: Lessons From Two African Healthcare Systems–A Narrative Review
Authors: Hamitoglu Ali Emir , Fawaz Violette , Elawad Shaima Omer Mohamed , Assker Mohamad Monif , Nader Thea Maria , Wellington Jack , Uwishema Olivier 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionLaparoscopic surgery (LS) has been a promising development in surgical practice globally ever since its introduction. LS has exhibited many an advantage, including bettering patient outcomes, lowering the risk of postoperative infection, and displaying economical affluence. However, its implementation in the African continent still faces various challenges. In this review, we investigated the status of laparoscopic surgery integration in Africa.ObjectivesIn this review, we aimed to investigate the challenges posed by the implementation of LS in low resource countries as well as critically evaluating initiatives and their impact within said domiciles. We also provide recommendations that may assist in LS prosperity in these settings by focusing efforts on improving training and financial incentives.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was conducted to garner up‐to‐date evidence concerning the fate of LS adoption in low‐ to middle‐income countries. This comprised the analysis of different case studies from countries including Nigeria and Botswana, and investigated relevant recommendations and policies provided by other African countries.ResultsVarious challenges face the implementation of LS in countries with low resources comprising poor infrastructure, scarce training programs, and expert training personnel alongside financial boundaries. The adoption of LS in Africa has proved its benefits in improving patient outcomes and reducing hospital admissions. From a perspective of policy, it is crucial to sustain strong ties amongst institutions, stressing the importance of dynamic collaboration and locally tailored policies.ConclusionIt has been demonstrated that LS implementations in African nations lower infection rates and expedite recovery. A strong collaboration between governments, stakeholders, and healthcare providers is fundamental for successful integration of LS. Such extension in low‐resource environments may be achieved by providing proper training programs, funding infrastructure and equipment, and fostering effective financial initiatives.
Simulation of Complex Groundwater Flow Processes in Low‐Fidelity Radial Flow Model Using a Mathematical Representation of the Variation of Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity With Depth
Authors: Mansour Majdi , Christelis Vasileios , Upton Kirsty , Hughes Andrew 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTNumerical groundwater models are key tools to calculate the deployable output from pumped boreholes. Their calibration requires undertaking multiple runs to optimise the parameter values. To maintain computational efficiency, the hydrogeological complexity of fractured and weathered aquifers is often represented in numerical models using a simplified approach consisting of a mathematical equation that describes the vertical variation of horizontal hydraulic conductivity () value with depth. In this article, we present the inclusion of the variation of the vertical hydraulic conductivity () with depth to a radial flow model. We derive the mathematical equation controlling the flow vertically between the numerical nodes. We show that the inclusion of variation with depth have a limited impact on the shape of the time drawdown curve at the early times of a pumping test but its significance is higher at later times. This also has a measurable impact on the water level inside the pumped borehole especially when the variations of both and are accounted for. We use a simple linear variation of with depth but the method is also applicable to complex profile of aquifer heterogeneity if this complexity can be represented using polynomial approximation. This illustrates the applicability of the proposed method to a wide range of weathered aquifer settings.
Central Bank Transparency and Interest Rate Volatility
Authors: Weber Christoph S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMost central banks around the world have increased their transparency in recent decades. These developments have had an impact on financial markets. Several studies have analysed the impact of central bank transparency (CBT) on variables such as inflation volatility, exchange rate volatility, or stock market volatility. One variable that has not received enough attention is interest rate volatility, despite its importance for decision‐makers in both financial markets and the real economy. The study uses a panel data set of a maximum of 93 countries over the years 1998–2017. We use panel data estimators (panel fixed effects and fixed effects filter). Our main findings are that CBT helps to reduce the volatility of several interest rates (money market rates, deposit rates, savings rates, Treasury bill yields and government bond yields), while it increases the volatility of monetary policy rates. The results are also significant from an economic point of view, as a small increase in CBT can reduce the variability of treasury bill rates by up to −8.2%, deposit rates by up to −9.1%, money market rates by up to −15.8% and savings rates by up to −20.4%.
Ethical bioprospecting and microbial assessments for sustainable solutions to the AMR crisis
Authors: Cartledge Kayla , Short Francesca L. , Hall Alex , Lambert Karen , McDonald Michael J. , Lithgow Trevor 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been declared one of the top 10 global public health challenges of our age by the World Health Organization, and the World Bank describes AMR as a crisis affecting the finance, health, and agriculture sectors and a major threat to the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals. But what is AMR? It is a phenotype that evolves in microbes exposed to antimicrobial molecules and causes dangerous infections. This suggests that scientists and healthcare workers should be on the frontline in the search for sustainable solutions to AMR. Yet AMR is also a societal problem to be understood by everyone. This review aims to explore the need to address the problem of AMR through a coherent, international strategy with buy‐in from all sectors of society. As reviewed here, the sustainable solutions to AMR will be driven by better understanding of AMR biology but will require more than this alone to succeed. Some advances on the horizon, such as the use of bacteriophage (phage) to treat AMR infections. However, many of the new technologies and new therapeutics to address AMR require access to biodiversity, where the custodians of that biodiversity—and the traditional knowledge required to access it—are needed as key partners in the scientific, clinical, biotechnological, and international ventures that would treat the problem of AMR and ultimately prevent its further evolution. Many of these advances will be built on microbial assessments to understand the extent of AMR in our environments and bioprospecting to identify microbes that may have beneficial uses. Genuine partnerships for access to this biodiversity and sharing of benefits accrued require a consideration of ethical practice and behavior. Behavior change is needed across all sectors of culturally diverse societies so that rapid deployment of solutions can be implemented for maximum effect against the impacts of AMR.
Sliding Hydrogels Reveal the Modulation of Mechanosensing Attenuates the Inflammatory Phenotype of Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes in 3D
Authors: Ayushman Manish , Lee Hung‐Pang , Agarwal Pranay , Mikos Georgios , Tong Xinming , Jones Sarah , Sinha Sauradeep , Goodman Stuart , Bhutani Nidhi , Yang Fan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalen degenerative joint disease with no FDA‐approved therapies that can halt or reverse its progression. Current treatments address symptoms like pain and inflammation, but not underlying disease mechanisms. OA progression is marked by increased inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation of the joint cartilage. While the role of biochemical cues has been widely studied for OA, how matrix mechanical cues influence OA phenotype remains poorly understood. Using sliding hydrogels (SGs) as a tool, we examine how local matrix compliance in 3D modulates OA chondrocyte phenotype and associated mechanosensing. We demonstrate that local matrix compliance reduces the inflammatory phenotype of OA chondrocytes, as indicated by decreased gene expression of catabolic markers and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. This is achieved via significantly reduced nuclear NF‐κB expression and signaling in OA chondrocytes. Live cell imaging shows enhanced cellular and nuclear dynamics with increased matrix deformation in the compliant SG. Blocking cellular dynamics negates SG compliance‐induced benefits in reducing OA inflammatory phenotype. Further, SG alters nuclear mechanosensing in OA as indicated by increased nuclear lamin reinforcement and chromatin condensation. Finally, we demonstrate that a drug inhibiting histone lysine demethylase to modulate chromatin accessibility reduces OA inflammation in 3D hydrogels. These findings advance our understanding of how ECM mechanics regulate OA mechanobiology and progression and highlight potential disease‐modifying treatments via epigenetic and mechanosensing‐based therapies.
LncRNA PVT1 Promotes Intracranial Aneurysm Development via USP10/KLF4/NLRP3 Axis‐Mediated Pyroptosis in Human Cerebral Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Chen Min , Li Zhihong , Da Longbiao , Liu Jie , Huang Chun , Zha Zhengjiang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTOur previous research identified that lncRNA PVT1 is upregulated in patients with IA. However, the precise functions of PVT1 in IA remain unclear. We compared the levels of PVT1, caspase‐3, caspase‐1, and NLRP3 in normal and IA patients. The GEO database was utilized to evaluate the expression of KLF4 and NLRP3 in IA. In vitro, we constructed transfected plasmids for silencing (si) and overexpression (oe) of PVT1 and USP10. We assessed cell apoptosis and measured the levels of IL‐18, IL‐1β, NLRP3, ASC, GSDMD‐N, cleaved‐caspase‐3, and cleaved‐caspase‐1. CHX chase, immunoprecipitation assays, and bioinformatics tools were employed to evaluate the interactions among PVT1, USP10, and KLF4. Significant differences were observed in the levels of PVT1, KLF4, NLRP3, caspase‐3, caspase‐1, and histological examinations between normal and IA patients. Compared to the oe‐NC group, the levels of IL‐18, IL‐1β, NLRP3, ASC, GSDMD‐N, cleaved‐caspase‐3, and cleaved‐caspase‐1 were significantly increased in the oe‐PVT1 and oe‐USP10 groups. The effect of oe‐USP10 was completely inhibited in the oe‐USP10+si‐PVT1 group. The RIPseq database demonstrated that PVT1 interacts with both USP10 and KLF4. The CHX chase assay showed that KLF4 interacts with both USP10 and PVT1. The RIP assay confirmed the interaction between PVT1 and USP10. The Co‐IP assay and UbiBrowser indicated that KLF4 interacts with USP10. The ChIP assay demonstrated that KLF4 interacts with NLRP3. PVT1 may play a role in the pathophysiology of IA by regulating the USP10/KLF4/NLRP3 axis‐mediated pyroptosis of HCSMCs.