bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear Analysis On The Onset Of Thermal Convection of Highly Compressible Fluids With Variable Physical Properties In Spherical Geometry: Implications For The Mantle Convection of Super-Earths
Authors: Kameyama Masanori 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper we carried out a series of linear analysis on the onset of thermal convection of highly compressible fluids whose physical properties strongly vary in space in convecting vessels either of a three-dimensional spherical shell or a two-dimensional spherical annulus. The variations in thermodynamic properties (thermal expansivity and reference density) with depth are taken to be relevant for the super-Earths with 10 times the Earth's mass, while the thermal conductivity and viscosity are assumed to exponentially depend on depth and temperature, respectively. Our analysis showed that, for the cases with strong temperature-dependence in viscosity and strong depth-dependence in thermal conductivity, the critical Rayleigh number is on the order of 108 to 109, 15 implying that the mantle convection of massive super-Earths is most likely to fall in the stagnant-lid regime very close to the critical condition, if the properties of their mantle materials are quite similar to the Earth's. Our analysis also demonstrated that the structures of incipient ows of stagnant-lid convection in the presence of strong adiabatic compression are significantly affected by the depth-dependence in thermal conductivity and the geometries of convecting vessels, through the changes in the static stability of thermal stratification of the reference state. When the increase in thermal conductivity with depth is suffciently large, the thermal stratification can be greatly stabilised at depth, further inducing regions of insignificant fluid motions above the bottom hot boundaries in addition to the stagnant lids along the top cold surfaces. We can therefore speculate that the stagnant-lid convection in the mantles of massive super-Earths is accompanied by another motionless regions at the base of the mantles if the thermal conductivity strongly increases with depth (or pressure), even though their occurrence is hindered by the effects the spherical geometries of convecting vessels.
The Application of Rigid and Flexible Mediastinoscopy in Esophagectomy: Our Experience and a New Technology
Authors: wu chunli , Dong Bo , Wu Bin , Li Shihao , Qi Yu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: To avoid the inconvenience of triangulation among various rigid operating instruments in Mediastinoscopy-Assisted Esophagectomy，we invent a new technique: Using a flexible endoscope to mobilize thoracic esophagus and dissect mediastinal lymph nodes through the left cervical incision. In this study, we introduce our long-term experience and demonstrate this new technique.Methods: 29 patients with early esophageal cancer underwent Mediastinoscopy-Assisted Esophagectomy in our hospital from June 2018 to September 2020. Among them, 12 patients used flexible mediastinoscopy, and 17 patients used conventional rigid mediastinoscopy and instruments to observe their therapeutic effect. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in gender, average age, body mass index, incidence of adverse reactions, bleeding volume and postoperative hospital stay. The operation time of flexible mediastinoscopy group was significantly shorter than that of rigid mediastinoscopy group (192.9±13.0 vs 246.8±6.9 min, p<0.01). The number of lymph nodes removed by flexible endoscopy was significantly more than that of rigid endoscopy (8.5±0.6 vs 6.0±0.3, P<0.01). Postoperative follow-up was completed for all patients, and the average follow-up time was 11.6±7.2 months. During the follow-up period, no recurrence or death was observed. Conclusions: Mediastinoscopy-Assisted Esophagectomy is an effective way to treat early esophageal cancer. The application of flexible mediastinoscopy provides more convenience and better stability. It can facilitate the operation of the surgeon and lymph node dissection, which proved to be a feasible technology.
Combining Ability and Heterosis for Root Structure and Graft-Related Traits of Interspecific Cucurbita Rootstocks
Authors: Karaağaç Onur 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Interspecific hybrid Cucurbita rootstocks (Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata) are the most widely used rootstocks for Cucurbitaceous vegetables in the world. In recent years, scientists have focused on understanding and exploiting root architectures as new opportunities for crop improvement. Selection of parents and hybrids based on combining ability test is an effective approach in interspecific hybrid variety breeding. However, very little information is available on the combining ability tests for the rooting and graft-related traits in these rootstocks. Ondokuz Mayis University and Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute are conducting a program to breed Cucurbita rootstocks of Turkey for fifteen years. In this study, seven C. maxima (BC5F1 generation) lines as female parents and three C. moschata (S6 generation) lines as male parents were used to obtain 21 crosses. Interspecific hybrids and their parent rootstocks grafted onto watermelon were analyzed in terms of general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), heritability, and heterosis for roots and graft-related traits including root volume (cm3), root length (m), root dry weight (g), hairy root rate (%), average root diameter (mm), shoot dry weight (g), graft success rate (%), and hypocotyl thickness ratio (%) by using line × tester mating design. The quotient of GCA/SCA effects for all root and hypocotyl traits were higher than 1, suggesting the preponderance of additive over non-additive gene action in the expression of these traits, whereas graft success was controlled by additive and non-additive gene effects. It was determined that average root diameter had high heritability (63.85%) and the other traits had intermediate heritability ranging from 40.59% to 58.98%. Combining ability analyses indicated that FTS5, GH12, and GRD17 lines were promising parents with greater general combining ability. Three crosses, GRD17 × FTS5, B12 × FTS5, and BH5 × CHI2 showed superior mid-parent heterosis and significant SCA for most characters. Present findings will provide significant contributions in understanding of inheritance and then achieving desirable improved rootstocks in C. maxima × C. moschata.
The Measurement and Correction of the Spindle Squareness Error on Five-Axis Machine Tools
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Wang Pingjiang , Chen Jihong , Xiang Hua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present study aims to establish a measurement method for the squareness error between the machine spindle and the machine table plane. The contact-type touch trigger probe is installed on the spindle of machine tool. When the probe ball touches the rectangle box, a signal is sent to the CNC system to record the space position of the spindle in the machine coordinate system. What this design is to pass to adopt three views of the spindle to determine its spatial location. In the light of the front view and the side view of the spindle, the tilt angle can be identified. According to the projection data, the perpendicularity of the spindle to the horizontal plane is adjusted until the tilt angle error decrease to zero. To verify this method, the corresponding tests are performed on five-axis CNC machine tool. The experimental results show that vertical error of the spindle is reduced by about 60 percent after the tilt angle is adjusted. Therefore, the proposed measurement and calibration method is effective in NC machine tool.
Dexmedetomidine Promotes Alveolar Fluid Clearance by Upregulating Na,K-ATPase Expression in a Rat Model of Acute Lung Injury via α2 AR/PI3K/Akt Pathway
Authors: Xia Mingzhu , Huang Zhi , Xu Mingyu , Hai Chao , Diao Wenbo , Jiang yuanxu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that Dexmedetomidine (Dex), α2 adrenergic receptor (α2AR) agonist, reduces pulmonary edema in LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI), but the mechanism is not clear. The purpose of this study is to explore whether Dex promotes AFC by upregulating the expression of Na,K-ATPase in LPS-induced ALI and possible molecular mechanisms. Histology of the lungs was assayed with H-E staining, and the lung injury score was calculated. PaO2, PaO2/FiO2 , the lung index, wet/dry (W/D) ratio of the lung tissues and alveolar fluid clearance(AFC) was measured; The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum were measured. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung tissues were determined. The apoptosis rate of A549 cells and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were evaluated. The expression of Na,K-ATPase , p-PI3K and p-Akt in vivo and in vitro were evaluated. Dex significantly alleviated lung tissue injury induced by LPS. Dex treatment reduced the W/D, lung index and MPO activity, increased PaO2, PaO2/FiO2 and AFC in LPS-induced ALI. In addition, Dex reduced the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-β and IL-6 in BALF and serum. Dex reduced the apoptosis rate, up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulated the expression of Bax in LPS-stimulated A549 cells. Furthermore, Dex increased the expression of α1Na,K-ATPase, β1 Na,K-ATPase and p-PI3K , p-Akt in vivo and vitro. However, these effects of Dex were partially reversed by the α2AR inhibitor yohim-bine or PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Collectively, these results suggest that Dex attenuates pulmonary edema by stimulating AFC via upregulating the Na,K-ATPase expressi-on in LPS-induced acute lung injury by modulating the α2AR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Critical Gaps and Implications of Risk Communication in International Agreements: 3 Select Case Studies From Urban Areas in the Tropics of South Asia
Authors: Khan Shabana , Mishra Jyoti 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The cost of urban disasters has been consistently increasing, particularly in the cities of developing countries located across the tropics. Among various challenges of disaster risk management and climate change impacts, it is noted that most residents are poorly informed about their risk exposure and apposite response. The paper is based on the premise that one important cause for this gap is inadequate emphasis on risk communication at different levels of planning and agreements. Accordingly, it highlights some important gaps in the risk communication across international agreements including Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and evaluates their impacts at the local level. It brings three select urban case studies located in the tropical areas of South Asia region that illustrate contradiction and chaos that results from inadequate stress on risk communication at the global level. The findings are based on secondary data and literature focusing on global agreements, risk communication, and disaster response. The paper argues that even though global strategies address urban risks, the fragmented nature of risk communication results in poor response and contributes to losses that occur in disasters. It suggests a need to address risk communication as a priority for dealing with risks at different scales. There is also a need to redefine risk communication that extends beyond warning generation and considers multiple factors influencing response including interlinked vulnerabilities, and variations emerging from varied geographical, socio-cultural, economic, and political processes.
Characterization of 410NiMo Coatings Deposited By Thermal Spray And Re- Cast With TIG On CA6NM Martensitic Stainless Steel Against Cavitation Erosion
Authors: Olivio Émillyn Ferreira Trevisani , Filho Paulo Sergio Olivio , de Souza Janaina Fracaro , Marcondes Paulo Victor Prestes , Moreno João Roberto Sartori 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In most applications, martensitic stainless steels are subjected to operating conditions in which good mechanical properties and wear resistance are required. CA6NM is a soft martensitic stainless steel that has high shear stress and toughness, good resistance to corrosion and cavitation, and better weldability than conventional martensitic stainless steels. These steels are susceptible to cavitation erosion which is the process of removing material due to the progressive action of erosive wear caused by the implosion of bubbles close to the surface of the mechanical element. Welding and thermal spraying are normally used to produce coatings when there is a need to increase the useful life of systems and parts, or in some cases for refurbishing. In this work 410NiMo martensitic stainless steel, in the form of wire and rod, were deposited by electric arc and flame thermal spraying processes respectively over a CA6NM martensitic stainless steel substrate. In order to improve the layer performance the sprayed coatings were remelted by the TIG welding process. The specimens were evaluated by accelerated cavitation according to ASTM G32-1 0 standard, Vickers microhardness, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, SEM and EDS. The tests showed coatings with low porosity and resistant to erosion by cavitation comparable with welded coatings. Making thermal spray with reflow by the TIG process an alternative in the application of this type of coating.
Non-Prescription Antibiotic Use For People Aged 15 Years Or Older For Cough In China: A Community-Based Survey
Authors: Luo Yan , Tang Xuewen , Ding Lingling , Shao Zhujun , Yu Jianxing , Chen Yangqing , Zhou Yang , He Hanqing , Chen Zhiping 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Non-prescription antibiotic use at community is a main driver of antimicrobial resistance. Cough is a common condition and prevalent in all communities, including China. This study aims to investigate the non-prescription antibiotic use for cough in China and explore to which extent antibiotic use knowledge was correctly instructed in communities.Methods A probability-proportionate-to-size (PPS) sampling method was adopted to survey from all 14 communities in Yiwu city, China. All participants were investigated by face-to-face interview on Portable Android Devices (PADs). The continuous variables were presented by mean and standard deviation (SD) or medium and inter-quartile range (IQR). The categorical variables were presented using percentage or constituent ratio. Chi-square test for univariate analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis were conducted to assess the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), respectively.Results A total of 3034 respondents across the 14 communities and the 50 natural villages/streets completed all key items of the questionnaire. Of 2400 (79.10%) respondents stated that they experienced cough in the past 12 months with the medium age of 36.5 (IQR: 26-49) and 12.21% (293/2400) respondents had the non-prescription antibiotic use behavior. Among those 293 respondents, the proportion of non-prescription antibiotic use for cough peaked at around 16% among people aged 30-39 years old. The major sources of antibiotics were pharmacy (77.70%) and/or family storage (43.92%). As for antibiotic knowledge in 3034 participants, 61.8% participants had minimal knowledge on broad-spectrum antibiotic and 53.76% were not familiar about the effects of joint use.Conclusions Non-prescription antibiotics use for cough is prevalent in the community, especially among people in their thirties. Strengthened drug purchase regulation and well-trained professional pharmacists would be promising alternatives to ameliorate AMR. Moreover, penetrating antibiotics knowledge to common citizens and is an urgent task to alleviate antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, proactive policies and regulations should be made to improve current situations.
Is It Necessary to Reduce Thoracolumbar Compression Fractures with Intermediate Screws in the Fractured Vertebra?
Authors: Xing ZeJun , Hao Shuai , Wu XiaoFei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo compare the efficacy and safety of percutaneous short-segment pedicle screws fixation (PPSF) with or without intermediate screws (IS) for the treatment of thoracolumbar compression fractures.MethodsFrom January 2016 to March 2019, a retrospective study of 38 patients with thoracolumbar compression fractures conducted. The patients were divided into a 4-screw group (without IS) and a 6-screw group (with IS) according to whether pedicle screws were placed in the fractured vertebrae. Combined positional reduction effects with the technique of pre-contoured lordotic rods were used to reduce the fracture by lengthening the anterior column of the fractured vertebrae. The posterior structure of the fractured vertebrae was undertaken as the fulcrum point for both groups. The operation time, intra-operative blood loss, visual analogue scale (VAS), anterior vertebral body height (AVBH), segment kyphosis（SK）before and after operation and complications were recorded.ResultsAlthough the operation time and blood loss in the 6-screw group were higher than in the 4-screw group, difference was not significant (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS, AVBH and SK between the two groups (P＞0.05). Nevertheless, these results were significant differences between the preoperative and the immediate postoperative, between preoperative and follow-up groups (P < 0.001). No neurologic injury was observed in either groups. ConclusionsIn the treatment of thoracolumbar compression fractures, percutaneous short-segment pedicle screws fixation without intermediate screws in the 4-screw construct may obtain the same clinical effect as that in the 6-screw construct.
How Do Students Self-assess: Comparing Student Self-assessment to Faculty and Resident Evaluations in Clerkship Rotations
Authors: Gaynier Anthony J. , Booza Jason , Levine Diane L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The literature suggests that medical student self-assessment often does not match the evaluations from faculty/residents but can improve over time and with practice. Additionally, there is literature that suggests women underestimate their abilities compared with their male counterparts. Results: Medical students at Wayne State University School of Medicine (WSUSOM) completed self-assessments using the same 11 competencies that they are evaluated by faculty/residents (evaluators). All students completed self-assessments. Overall medical students significantly overestimated their performance in all competencies compared with evaluators. Women assessed their ability underestimated their performance in 33% of competencies. Conclusion: Improving self-assessment may improve students’ abilities to become self-regulated life-long learners.
Comprehensive Analysis of Oncogenic Fusions in Mismatch Repair Deficient Colorectal Carcinomas by Sequential DNA and RNA Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Ruiyu , Li Junjie , Yi Yuting , Liu Xiaoding , Chen Jingci , Zhang Hui , Wu Huanwen , Liang Zhiyong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) harboring oncogenic fusions has been reported to be highly enriched in mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) tumors with MLH1 hypermethylation (MLH1me+) and wild-type BRAF and RAS. In this study, dMMR CRCs were screened for oncogene fusions using sequential DNA and RNA next generation sequencing (NGS). Results: Comprehensive analysis of fusion variants, genetic profiles and clinicopathological features in fusion-positive dMMR CRCs was performed. Eighteen fusion-positive cases were identified by DNA NGS in 193 consecutive dMMR CRCs in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, all of which were MLH1me+ and BRAF/RAS wild-type. RNA NGS was sequentially conducted in 21 MLH1me+ BRAF/RAS wild-type dMMR CRCs lacking oncogenic fusions by DNA NGS, and revealed four additional fusions, increasing the proportion of fusion-positive tumors from 46% (18/39) to 56% (22/39) in MLH1me+ BRAF/RAS wild-type dMMR cases. All 22 fusions were found to involve RTK-RAS pathway. Most fusions affected targetable receptor tyrosine kinases, including NTRK1(9/22, 41%), NTRK3(5/22, 23%), ALK(3/22, 14%), RET(2/22, 9%) and MET(1/22, 5%), whilst only two fusions affected mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade components BRAF and MAPK1, respectively. RNF43 was identified as the most frequently mutated genes, followed by APC, TGFBR2, ATM, BRCA2 and FBXW7. The vast majority (19/22, 86%) displayed alterations in key WNT pathway components, whereas none harbored additional mutations in RTK-RAS pathway. In addition, fusion-positive tumors were typically diagnosed in elder patients and predominantly right-sided, and showed a significantly higher preponderance of hepatic flexure localization (P<0.001) and poor differentiation (P=0.019), compared to fusion-negative MLH1me+ CRCs. Conclusions: We proved that sequential DNA and RNA NGS was highly effective for fusion detection in dMMR CRCs, and proposed an optimized practical fusion screening strategy. We further revealed that dMMR CRCs harboring oncogenic fusion was a genetically and clinicopathologically distinctive subgroup, and justified more precise molecular subtyping for personalized therapy.
Knockdown lncRNA CRNDE enhances temozolomide chemosensitivity through autophagy inhibition by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in glioblastoma
Authors: Zhao Zijin , Liu Miaomiao , Long Wenyong , Yuan Jian , Li Haoyu , Zhang Chi , Tang Guodong , Jiang Weixi , Yuan Xianrui , Wu Minghua , Liu Qing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CRNDE is highly expressed in glioma acting as an oncogene in gliomas. However, the regulatory roles of CRNDE in Temozolomide (TMZ) chemoresistance to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) still are poorly understood. Therefore, we intended to explore the role and possible mechanism of CRNDE in TMZ-induced chemoresistance in GBM.
Methods

Firstly, we tested the expression level of CRNDE in glioma cell lines and in 30 cases of normal brain tissues and 58 cases of glioma tissue specimens by qRT-PCR. Meanwhile, the correlation between CRNDE level and the clinicopathological characteristics and survival time of patients were analyzed. Then, the CRNDE expression in various glioma cell lines was detected, and CRNDE knockdown cell models were constructed. Subsequently, to explore the effect of CRNDE on chemosensitivity to TMZ, cell viability was detected by the CCK-8 assay and IC50 values, and cell proliferation was detected by cell clone assay and EdU assay, as well as cell survival was detected by apoptosis with flow cytometry under TMZ treatment. Further, the expression of drug-resistance protein ABCG2, autophagic related proteins and PI3K/AKT pathway related proteins were determined by western blot or qRT-PCR in TMZ-treated glioma cells. Finally, the tumor volume and weight were measured and ABCG2 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry assay in mouse tumor xenograft model.
Results

Our integrated approach demonstrated lncRNA CRNDE was a poor prognosis factor for GBM patient, which was up-regulated in patients who are resistant to TMZ, and closely associated with chemotherapeutic response status to TMZ treatment. Further, functional assays revealed that knockdown of CRNDE could notably reduce glioma cell viability and proliferation, and elevate apoptosis to enhance the chemosensitivity to TMZ in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the depression of CRNDE down-regulated LC3 II/I, Beclin1 and Atg5 expression levels and increased expression of p62 to inhibit autophagy due to the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as well as highly correlated with ABCG2 expression.
Conclusions

Overall, the study provided a preclinical basis in developing LncRNA CRNDE as a reliable clinical predictor of outcome and prognosis of GBM patient, a potential biomarker for predicting TMZ treatment response and a new therapeutic target for enhancing TMZ sensitivity in GBM by modulating the autophagy through PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.