bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering the revolution? Imagining the role of new digital technologies in infrastructure work futures
Authors: Leonard Pauline , Tyers Roger 
Published: December 2021

AbstractContemporary imaginations of the impact of new digital technologies (NDTS) are dominated by utopian visions of a ‘revolution’ in productivity and efficiency, contrasted with dystopian views of declines of work and human skills, and distrust of artificial intelligence's efficacy. This article explores imaginations of digital futures in the infrastructure sector through case study research of a global engineering organisation. Drawing on a practice approach, a typology is generated from interviews with engineers and managers to reveal that three broad imaginations compete within the organisation: technodeterminism; technoscepticism; and human‐centric, all with utopian and dystopian variants. Clear relationships exist between the diverse imaginary positions taken by employees with their different roles, biographies and levels of the organisational agency. Those with relatively higher levels of agency tended towards technocentric utopianism while those with lower levels of agency displayed a resolutely dystopian version. Conversely, while the outward‐facing image of the organisation promotes a utopian imagination of a technologically driven future, those with the very highest levels of the organisational agency remain technosceptic. This means that real change is slow. However, an encouraging manifesto for the future is suggested by those who are innovating NDTS to reimagine alternative infrastructure futures through improved human‐centric social outcomes.
What is left of tragedy?
Authors: Castelli Alberto 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTragic characters fight battles they cannot possibly win. That is what makes heroes out of them. However classical and modern tragedies display ontological differences whose fault line is to be found in the philosophical shift from the rationalist principle of sufficient reason to that of insufficient reason. Hence, life ceases to be a necessity imposed by the wrath of the gods and becomes the ordinary outcome of man’s failure. Given that, this paper will consider the nature of the shift and its conceptual impact on the Greek term hamartia. Modernity comes with a redefinition of Weltanschauung: it does not have the cosmic range of the classics, and thus it is less about fate than it is about guilt.
Graph Based Gaussian Processes on Restricted Domains
Authors: Dunson David B. , Wu Hau-Tieng , Wu Nan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn nonparametric regression, it is common for the inputs to fall in a restricted subset of Euclidean space. Typical kernel-based methods that do not take into account the intrinsic geometry of the domain across which observations are collected may produce sub-optimal results. In this article, we focus on solving this problem in the context of Gaussian process (GP) models, proposing a new class of Graph Laplacian based GPs (GL-GPs), which learn a covariance that respects the geometry of the input domain. As the heat kernel is intractable computationally, we approximate the covariance using finitely-many eigenpairs of the Graph Laplacian (GL). The GL is constructed from a kernel which depends only on the Euclidean coordinates of the inputs. Hence, we can benefit from the full knowledge about the kernel to extend the covariance structure to newly arriving samples by a Nyström type extension. We provide substantial theoretical support for the GL-GP methodology, and illustrate performance gains in various applications.
A Novel QT-Interval Analysis Method Based on Continuous Wavelet Transform and Philips Algorithm
Authors: İşcan Mehmet , Yilmaz Abdurrahman , Vural Berkem , Yilmaz Cüneyt , Tuzcu Volkan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
QT surveillance is the most vital appliance to detect the possibility of sudden death sourced by using pro-arrhythmic drugs treating abnormal conditions in the heart. The repolarization of ventricles makes QT interval surveillance difficult since noisy conditions and individual cardiac situations. Besides, an automated QT algorithm is crucial due to a manual QT measurement with some disadvantages such as fatigue condition in reading long records. In this study, a fully novel automated method combining Continuous Wavelet Transform and Philips method was established to perform QT interval analysis. Electrocardiogram recordings were obtained from PhyisoNet database marked by manual and standard automated methods. The proposed algorithm had scores of 15.46 and 11.87 millisecond mean error with 11.85 and 9.91 millisecond standard deviation in terms of gold and silver standards, respectively. Also, the entire QT database was utilized in order to test the algorithm performance with the score of 12.89 and 9.76 millisecond mean and standard deviation errors, respectively. The present algorithm performance had scores of −0.21 ± 7.81 at golden standard, and −4.10 ± 18.21 millisecond error for the whole QT database tests, respectively. The proposed algorithm is attained to more stable and robust results with a higher performance than the previous comparable studies.
Higher Order Chemical Reaction and Radiation Effects on Magnetohydrodynamic Flow of a Maxwell Nanofluid With Cattaneo–Christov Heat Flux Model Over a Stretching Sheet in a Porous Medium
Authors: Vinodkumar Reddy M. , Lakshminarayana P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the heat and mass transfer analysis of an MHD convection flow of Maxwell nanofluid with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model along with a porous stretching sheet. The effects of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, suction/injection, and higher-order chemical reaction are taken into consideration. By using similarity transformations the governing equations of the study are reduced into a system of ordinary differential equations and solved numerically by using the BVP5C matlab package. The effects of dimensionless parameters on the present study are deliberated with the aid of graphs and tables. It is found that an increase in thermal Grashof number, thermal radiation, and thermal relaxation time parameter drops the temperature field. The heat transfer rate is declined with enhancing heat source, Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters. Also, observed that the concentration field reduces with the rising value of chemical reaction. The numerically computed values of Nusselt number and Sherwood number are validated with existing literature and found a good agreement.
Analytical Modeling of Laminar Developing Flow Between Hydrophobic Surfaces With Different Slip-Velocities
Authors: Sankar Vijay V. , Cletus Jaimon , M. G. Arun , S. Kumar Ranjith 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Theoretical analysis of the entrance hydrodynamics of microchannels is an important design aspect in connection with the development of microfluidic devices. In this paper, pressure-driven fluid flow in the entrance region of two infinite hydrophobic parallel plates with dissimilar slip-velocities is analytically modeled. The linearized momentum equation is solved by applying the Navier-slip model at the boundaries to achieve the most generalized two-dimensional form. The velocity profile is obtained by combining the developed and developing velocities, which is estimated by invoking the separation of variable method. It is observed that the velocity profile is asymmetric, and the shear-free region can be shifted from the geometrical central line by altering the wall hydrophobicity. Moreover, the zero shear zone is transferred more toward the surface having high hydrophobicity. The expression for wall shear stress is obtained analytically using Newton's law of viscosity. Moreover, the boundary layer growth from the upper and lower walls is found to be entirely different, and they merge at the entrance length and are noticed to be offsetted from the geometric centerline. The effect of slip-length on the entrance length is analyzed, and an empirical correlation is deduced.
Resistance Spot Welding of Additively Manufactured Maraging Steels—Part I: Nugget Formation
Authors: Luo Cheng , Zhang Yansong , Oelscher Michael , Shi Yandong , Pasligh Niels , Koch Raphael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Application of additively manufactured steels is unavoidably involved in the resistance spot welding with conventionally manufactured steels. However, the microstructural evolution of an additive manufactured steel at high temperatures is still unknown, especially for the rapid solidification process. This paper investigated the microstructural evolution of a selective laser melted maraging steel during the rapid solidification process via resistance spot welding. Asymmetrical fusion zone with boat shape was found in the spot weld due to the rougher surface and larger electrical resistance of maraging steel via selective laser melting (SLM) process. The rapid expansion of fusion zone at end of welding process was caused by the carbide formation at the heat-affected zone of maraging steel via selective laser melting process. Besides, printing orientation affected the surface roughness of a selective laser melted maraging steel and subsequently significantly influenced the early stage of formation of fusion zone of additively manufactured maraging steel. We expect that our findings will pave the way to the future application of additively manufactured steels in the industries.
A Study on Low Velocity Impact Behaviour of Functionally Graded Sandwich Conical Shell Under Thermal Environment
Authors: Das Apurba , Pal Subhendu , Agarwal Gopal , Inaba Kazuaki , Deb Singha Tripuresh , Karmakar Amit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Turbo machinery rotating blades are a vital component of aero-engines for transferring the energy of gas flow to kinetic energy. Rotating turbo-machinery blades are prone to fail under working field with high temperature, high speed, high pressure and impact of blades. Recently Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are used in turbo-machinery blades due to its advantage of delamination and debonding free structure and ability to withstand high temperature during operation. As these aero-engine blade works in high temperature condition therefore use of ceramic FGM in the outer surface of the blades gives potential advantage. However, low velocity impact is a potential hazard of the blade due to rigid structure of the blade while considerable thickness of ceramic present in the outer surface of the blade. The chances of impact failure of the blade also increase in that case. Hence, low velocity impact of the turbo-machinery blades need to study carefully for safe and reliable operation of the engine. In this present work the low velocity impact characteristics of the FGM sandwich turbine blade under various operating temperature are determined using finite element technique. The low velocity impact performances are evaluated in terms of time histories of the contact force, velocity of the projectile, shell deflection and indentation considering various impactor initial velocities, core to FGM thickness ratio (hcore/hfgm) and blade operating temperature. The upper and lower surfaces of the functionally graded structure reinforced by ductile pure metal layers appear to play a significant role in protecting the structure’s functional integrity from damage.
Effect of Solidity on Performance of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Using Constant Chord Reynolds Number
Authors: P Anirudh , Velamati Ratna Kishore , K S Srinath , D Unnikrishnan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The demand for wind turbines has increased ever since fossil fuels showed signs of quick depletion. Among wind turbines, Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) is compact, produces less noise, is omnidirectional, resilient to turbulent flow, and is easy to maintain. The power generated by a VAWT is a function of a non-dimensional geometric parameter known as solidity (s), which is a function of turbine diameter (D), blade chord (c) and the number of blades (n). The present work analyses the impact of solidity (0.12 and 0.18) as a complete non-dimensional parameter on wind turbine performance. Each parameter of solidity is varied, keeping any one of the parameters constant and numerically studied for its performance across a range of tip speed ratios (TSR). For each solidity, six different combinations of VAWT geometric parameters were analyzed. In all the cases, the chord Reynolds number is kept constant. CFD simulation was performed on the Darrieus H-type (NACA0018 airfoil) VAWT. Two dimensional (2D) computational domains are used to study the effect on the turbine’s performance as the solidity studied is less than 0.4. Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-strokes (URANS) equation is used to solve the CFD model using ANSYS Fluent 19.1 with 4-equation transition SST k-ω for turbulence modelling. The comprehensive study of the turbine performance keeping the turbine operation within a constant Re number range shows the Coefficient of Performance (Cp) overlaps for a given solidity.
Cavity for Flow Control and Performance Improvement of Airfoil
Authors: Verma Anand , Borah Bastav , Kulkarni Vinayak 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The fluid flow analysis over a cambered airfoil having three different cavity locations on the suction surface is reported in this paper. The Elliptical cavity is created at LE, MC, and TE along chordwise locations from the leading to trailing edge. In this regard, the steady simulation is carried out in the Fluent at Reynolds number of 105 based on their chord length. The lift and drag characteristics for clean and cavities airfoil are investigated at different angles of attack. For the clean airfoil, the stall point is observed at 18°. The presence of a cavity improves the stall and aerodynamic characteristics of airfoil. It has been seen that the lift and drag coefficients for pre-stalled or lower angles are nearly similar to clean and cavity at MC or TE positions. For the post-stall point, the improvement in the aerodynamic performance is seen for the cavity at MC or TE. The cavity placed at LE produces lower lift and higher drag characteristics against other configuration models. The overall cavity effect for the flow around the airfoil is that it creates vortices, thereby re-energizes the slower moving boundary layer and delays the flow separation in the downstream direction. The outcomes of this analysis are suggested that the cavity at a position before the mid chord from the leading edge does not improve the performance of the airfoil. Though vortex is formed in the confined spaces but it is unable to reattach the flow towards the downstream direction of an airfoil.
Numerical Study of Single Pad Externally Adjustable 120° Pad Bearing Using Fluid Structure Interaction
Authors: Kamat Harishkumar , R. Kini Chandrakant , Shenoy Satish B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
High-speed turbomachinery like turbine generators and marine propulsion systems uses special fluid film bearing called externally adjustable pad bearing due to their great advantages. The principal feature of this bearing is to alter the radial clearance and film thickness along the circumferential direction to improve the bearing performance parameters. In the present study, the effect of radial and tilt adjustment of 120° pad both in upward (or negative) and downward (or positive) direction on the bearing performance is predicted for various eccentricity ratios using the CFD technique. Later the influence of fluid film pressure on the bearing pad is examined using the FSI technique. Furthermore, the effect of eccentricity ratio on the bearing performance and also on pad structure is also analyzed using CFD coupled FSI analysis. The solution technique of the present numerical analysis is validated with the already published literature and the results are in good agreement. The numerical results suggest that for bearing with negative radial and negative tilt adjustment, bearing performance is superior compared to the other adjustments. However, the structural deformation is also significant for the negative radial and negative tilt adjustment. It is also observed that pad deformation increases with the increase in eccentricity ratio as there has been a rise in fluid film pressure.
Variation in Physical Performance of Futsal Players During Congested Fixtures
Authors: Ribeiro João Nuno , Monteiro Diogo , Gonçalves Bruno , Brito João , Sampaio Jaime , Travassos Bruno 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To investigate the match-to-match variation of physical performance during official congested fixtures in elite futsal players. Methods: Physical performance was measured by external and internal load metrics in 12 elite male futsal players. Two periods with 3 matches within 4 days were analyzed. The variation in physical performance of the players during matches was analyzed using the latent growth curve modeling that estimated interindividual and intraindividual growth paths. Results: Playing time had a significant effect on physical performance growth with significant paths of interindividual and intraindividual variability. Players who competed for more time revealed lower initial levels (ie, first match) of total distance covered (β = −0.62), high-speed running (β = −0.18), accelerations (β = −0.31), decelerations (β = −0.44), and session rate of perceived exertion (β = 0.81) than players who competed for less time (P < .05). In addition, players who competed for more time revealed higher increases in total distance covered (β = 0.47), high-speed running (β = 0.16), and session rate of perceived exertion (β = 0.66) and lower increases in accelerations (β = −0.21) and decelerations (β = −0.58) than players who competed for less time from the first to the third match (P < .05). Conclusions: Congested fixtures did not affect physical performance in elite futsal players. Playing time showed to be a key performance factor. There was a considerable heterogeneity in the responsiveness to physical performance over congested fixtures, suggesting an analysis of individual variability to evaluate real changes in match performance, training intensity, and workload.
Magmatic sill formation during dike opening
Authors: Liu Zhonglan , Buck W. Roger 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe origin of horizontal magma-filled sills is disputed, particularly for extensional settings where the opening of vertical dikes is the predicted mode of magma intrusion. We simulate long-term extension followed by short-term dike opening in a two-dimensional viscoelastic medium representing a plate spreading center. We show that dike opening in extensionally stressed lithosphere can reduce sublithospheric vertical stresses enough for sill opening given three conditions: (1) the Maxwell time of the asthenosphere is &lt;5× the time interval between dike episodes; (2) the average density of the lithosphere is not much greater than the magma density; and (3) the depth of an axial valley is smaller than a few hundred meters. This mechanism explains the presence of sills along much of the axis of faster-spreading ridges and their absence along slower-spreading centers where thick dense lithosphere and/or sizeable axial valleys exist.
Isometric exercise versus high-intensity interval training for the management of blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Edwards Jamie , De Caux Anthony , Donaldson James , Wiles Jonathan , O'Driscoll Jamie 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveWe aimed to compare the efficacy of isometric exercise training (IET) versus high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in the management of resting blood pressure (BP).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed (MEDLINE), the Cochrane library and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials published between 1 January 2000 and 1 September 2020. Research trials reporting the effects of IET or HIIT on resting BP following a short-term intervention (2–12 weeks).Results38 studies were analysed (18 IET and 20 HIIT), including 1583 (672 IET and 911 HIIT) participants, of which 612 (268 IET and 344 HIIT) were controls.IET produced significantly greater reductions in resting BP compared with HIIT with systolic, diastolic and mean BP effect sizes of 8.50 mm Hg vs 2.86 mm Hg (Q=17.10, p<0.001), 4.07 mm Hg vs 2.48 mm Hg (Q=4.71, p=0.03) and 6.46 mm Hg vs 3.15 mm Hg (Q=4.21, p=0.04) respectively. However, HIIT reduced resting heart rate significantly more than IET (3.17bpm vs 1.34bpm, Q=7.63, p=0.006).ConclusionWhile both modes are efficacious, IET appears to be the superior mode of exercise in the management of resting BP. However, HIIT may achieve wider physiological benefits, with greater reductions in resting heart rate.
Conceptualising sustainability in the surgical work of non-governmental organisations in low and middle-income countries : a scoping review protocol
Authors: Goettke Emma , Coultas Clare , White Michelle , Leather Andrew J M 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionSustainability remains poorly defined in global surgery, yet is, nevertheless, crucial to the work of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) aimed at strengthening access to, and quality of, surgical and anaesthesia care. The objective of this protocol is to outline a scoping review that maps what is known in the literature about sustainability in NGO surgical work in LMICs.MethodsThe application of Arksey and O’Malley’s six-stage methodological framework is described: identifying research questions; identifying relevant publications; selecting publications; charting the data; reporting results; and stakeholder consultation. The review will include all study designs, as well as editorials, commentaries, sources of unpublished studies and grey literature. Three electronic databases will be searched. Two reviewers will use predefined and iteratively refined selection criteria based on the ‘Population–Concept–Context’ framework to independently screen titles and abstracts of citations from the search. Disagreements will be resolved together by the reviewers. Full-text screening will also be carried out independently by two reviewers. Disagreements at this stage will be resolved with a third party. The search strategy for grey literature will include searching in ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and the websites listed in a surgical NGO database. Further relevant citations will be identified by screening the reference lists of the included papers.Ethics and disseminationThis review will undertake a secondary analysis of data already collected and does not require ethical approval. The results will be disseminated through journals and conferences targeting surgical NGO stakeholders and global health academics.