bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Einfluss der Rotorgeometrie auf Schwingungs- und Geräuschemissionen elektrischer Fahrzeugantriebe
Authors: England Marc , Ponick Bernd 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungPermanentmagneterregte Synchronmaschinen werden im Bereich der Traktionsmaschinen in der Regel mit einer Rotorstaffelung ausgeführt, d. h. der Rotor wird ähnlich wie bei der Nutschrägung entlang des Blechpakets segmentweise um insgesamt eine Nutteilung am Umfang versetzt, um Parasitäreffekte wie Drehmomentwelligkeit zu reduzieren und das akustische Verhalten zu verbessern. Allerdings wird durch die Staffelung der Rotorsegmente in axialer Richtung die Hauptwellenflussverkettung der Permanentmagnete gegenüber einer ungestaffelten Maschine verringert. Daher muss in einer gestaffelten Maschine mehr Magnetmaterial eingesetzt werden als in einer ungestaffelten Maschine, um das gleiche Drehmoment zu erreichen, was sich in den Kosten niederschlägt. Darüber hinaus ist die Staffelung ein vergleichsweise aufwendiger Schritt im Fertigungsprozess, sodass sich die Produktionszeit je Maschine erhöht und letztendlich die Kosten steigen.In diesem Artikel wird der Einfluss einer Rotorpolweitenmodulation auf das Betriebsverhalten für V-förmig vergrabene Magnettopologien untersucht. Es wird bewertet, ob mithilfe dieser zusätzlichen Modifikation der Maschinengeometrie ein Antrieb ohne Staffelung ausgeführt werden kann, der die Vorgaben des Lastenhefts in Bezug auf die Drehmomentwelligkeit sowie auf das maximale Drehmoment einhält und gleichzeitig die Geräuschemissionen begrenzt. Zur vorteilhaften Gestaltung einer Rotorpolweitenmodulation wird eine Kombination der Magnetöffnungswinkel mittels eines analytischen Netzwerks identifiziert, die die für die Anregung von Pendelmomenten und Geräuschen kritischen Feldwellen des Rotors reduzieren kann. Anschließend werden die analytischen Ergebnisse mit FEM-Berechnungen validiert. Der Einfluss der Rotorpolweitenmodulation auf das Drehmomentverhalten sowie die Geräuschanregung wird mit der gestaffelten Referenzmaschine verglichen.
Intimate partner violence among ever-married Afghan women: patterns, associations and attitudinal acceptance
Authors: Shinwari Rehana , Wilson Michael Lowery , Abiodun Olumide , Shaikh Masood Ali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the most prevalent forms of violence that women suffer globally. Women in Afghanistan have been exposed to high levels of IPV which coincided with high levels of conflict during more than four decades. We cross-sectionally examined the Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey responses of 21,234 ever-married Afghan women. We first performed the frequency distribution analysis to determine the prevalence of IPV and the basic socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. Subsequently we examined the relationship between the independent and dependent variables followed by the bivariate and survey versions of logistic regression analyses. We report odds ratios in order to depict the strength and direction of the associations between the IPV and selected independent variables. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The analyses showed that 55.54% of Afghan women experienced some form of physical, emotional, or sexual violence by their intimate partners during the recall period partners. The most common form of IPV found was physical violence (50.52%). Factors such as being exposed to inter-parental violence (respondent woman’s father physically abused her mother) (adjusted OR= 3.69, CI= 3.31–4.10) and respondent’s acceptance of IPV (aOR= 1.85, 1.51–2.26) were associated with increased exposure to IPV. Having a spouse with at least a primary education (aOR= 0.76, CI= 0.64–0.91) or a respondent with at least a primary education (aOR= 0.82, CI= 0.68–0.98) was associated with lower exposure to reported IPV. The lifetime experience of IPV occurs to a high extent among Afghan women, and several socio-demographic factors have predisposing attributes. IPV policy formulation and strategizing may benefit from considering these factors.
Electrical stimulation to clinically identify position of the lingual nerve: results of 50 subjects with reliability and correlation with MRI
Authors: Aljamani Sanaa , Youngson Callum , Jarad Fadi , O’Neill Francis 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Recently we described mapping of the lingual nerve clinically in patients using electrical nerve stimulation. This paper reports results of a larger study with inter- and intra-observer reliability and comparison with positional measurements from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods
In 50 healthy participants, measurements were taken when subjects felt a tingling sensation in the tongue induced by a stimulation probe over the lingual nerve. Three positions were measured in relation to the third molar. Measurement reliability was tested for both inter-observer and intra-observer agreement and positional data of the lingual nerve measured clinically was also compared with nerve position as measured from MRI scans.

Results
Out of 50 participants, 96 nerves (49 = left/47 = right) were included in the study. The lingual nerve was identified in 90% (87) of this sample. The mean of height of the nerve in points A, B and C were 9.64 mm, 10.77 mm and 12.34 respectively. Inter-and intra-observer agreement was considered to be good to excellent (ICC = 0.8–0.96). Agreement between nerve mapping measured values and MRI measured values was good (ICC < 0.6).

Conclusion
This technique may prove useful for the clinical determination of lingual nerve position prior to procedures in the third molar region.
Arrest of root caries with an adjuvant chlorhexidine–fluoride varnish over a 12-months observation period: a QLF-analyzed, placebo-controlled, randomized, clinical trial (RCT)
Authors: Park Kyung-Jin , Meißner Thomas , Günther Elena , Schmalz Gerhard , Kottmann Tanja , Krause Felix , Haak Rainer , Ziebolz Dirk 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of an adjuvant chlorhexidine–fluoride varnish (Cervitec F) for prevention and arrest of root caries on elderly participants using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). 23 participants with two or three non-cavitated root carious lesions were included and assigned to three groups of different varnishes (CF: Cervitec F, P: placebo, DP: Duraphate). Agents were applied once to root surface at baseline and in follow-up after 3, 6 and 9 months. The lesions were assessed clinically and with QLF. QLF-images were analyzed regarding fluorescence loss (ΔF), lesion volume (ΔQ) and bacterial activity (ΔR) before (t0), after 14 days (t1), 6- (t2) and 12-months (t3). CF showed a significant difference between t0 and t3: ∆F (− 12.51 [15.41] vs. − 7.80 [16.72], p = 0.012), ∆Q (− 2339.97 (20,898.30) vs. − 751.82 (5725.35), p < 0.001), ∆R (23.80 [41.70] vs. 7.07 [37.50], p = 0.006). Independently of the varnish application, preventive care seems positively influence the root caries progress. Although within CF group the strongest effect was observed, no superiority of a specific varnish application was confirmed over a 12-months QLF observation period. Extra topical fluoride can help remineralise dentin lesions and QLF can be used as a measurement method to determine changes in the dentin lesions.
Higher reproductive performance of a piscivorous avian predator feeding on lower trophic-level diets on ponds with shorter food chains
Authors: Kloskowski Janusz , Trembaczowski Andrzej , Filipiuk Maciej 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVariation in food-chain length may influence a predator’s trophic position. In aquatic food webs, the energy value of prey typically increases with its trophic rank; hence a higher trophic-level diet is often assumed to indicate better habitat quality. We related the body and health condition of pre-fledged Red-necked GrebesPodiceps grisegenato their dietary trophic level (estimated using stable nitrogen isotope signals of feathers) in two managed pond habitats with contrasting prey availability due to different fish population structures. Ponds stocked with young, small common carpCyprinus carpioprovided abundant fish and non-fish (insects and amphibians) resources for chicks. In ponds stocked with large carp, which also supported populations of small predatory fish, the breeding success of grebes was comparatively poor, because carp exceeded the size suitable for chicks and adversely affected non-fish prey. Pre-fledged grebes were in better condition (greater body mass, lower heterophil/lymphocyte ratio) in the food-rich small-fish ponds than in the food-poor ponds dominated by large fish. Values for δ15N suggested shorter food chains and a lower trophic-level diet for grebes in the food-rich ponds. Bayesian carbon and nitrogen isotope mixing models demonstrated the dietary prominence of small fish, both carp and predatory species. Between-habitat differences in food-chain length and grebe trophic position resulted from the higher trophic rank of small predatory fish in the food-poor ponds compared to the omnivorous carp in the food-rich ponds. Our results suggest that in aquatic food webs, feeding at higher trophic levels by strongly size-limited generalist avian predators can be associated with overall food scarcity due to the impact of fish, and thus trophic status cannot be used uncritically as a proxy for aquatic habitat quality.
Drivers of soil respiration in response to nitrogen addition in a Mediterranean mountain forest
Authors: Fernández-Alonso María José , Díaz-Pinés Eugenio , Rubio Agustín 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAtmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition rates affect soil N dynamics, influencing soil respiration (RS) rates. However, for the Mediterranean region, the effect of changes in atmospheric N deposition on RS are not well constrained yet. We investigated the interplay between increased N deposition and tree species composition on RS at a Scots pine—Pyrenean oak ecotone in Central Spain, and whether the observed responses were mediated by changes on selected soil properties. Throughout 3 years, we simulated two N deposition rates—10 (medium) and 40 kg N ha−1 a−1 (high)—over the background deposition (control) in neighbouring stands in which tree species composition (pine or oak) shapes soil stoichiometry and microbial communities. We monitored RS on a monthly basis during 3 years; in addition, we performed targeted measurements 24 h after the N fertilization events to assess short-term soil responses. During winter and summer, RS did not respond to enhanced N deposition rates. In spring and autumn, higher RS rates were observed in the medium-fertilization, but the size and duration of this effect was tree species dependent. We suggest that climate seasonality modulates the response of RS to N availability, with tree species effects becoming relevant only when environmental conditions are adequate. RS in fertilized plots was larger from February to May and in September under pine, while under oak a response was observed only in April, probably due to differences in native soil stoichiometry under each tree species. Overall, RS showed high stability during 3 years of N enrichment in this Mediterranean ecotone area. However, we observed short-term soil responses after N fertilization events—loss of base cations, soil acidification and reduced microbial biomass—which emphasize the need to investigate consequences for the belowground C and N cycles if chronic N enrichment persists in the long run.
Differentially Private Distance Learning in Categorical Data
Authors: Battaglia Elena , Celano Simone , Pensa Ruggero G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMost privacy-preserving machine learning methods are designed around continuous or numeric data, but categorical attributes are common in many application scenarios, including clinical and health records, census and survey data. Distance-based methods, in particular, have limited applicability to categorical data, since they do not capture the complexity of the relationships among different values of a categorical attribute. Although distance learning algorithms exist for categorical data, they may disclose private information about individual records if applied to a secret dataset. To address this problem, we introduce a differentially private family of algorithms for learning distances between any pair of values of a categorical attribute according to the way they are co-distributed with the values of other categorical attributes forming the so-called context. We define different variants of our algorithm and we show empirically that our approach consumes little privacy budget while providing accurate distances, making it suitable in distance-based applications, such as clustering and classification.
Reaction to Snakes in Wild Moor Macaques (Macaca maura)
Authors: Hernández Tienda Clara , Beltrán Francés Víctor , Majolo Bonaventura , Romero Teresa , Illa Maulany Risma , Oka Ngakan Putu , Amici Federica 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSnake predation is considered an important evolutionary force for primates. Yet, very few studies have documented encounters between primates and snakes in the wild. Here, we provide a preliminary account of how wild moor macaques (Macaca maura) respond to seven species of real and model snakes. Snakes could be local and dangerous to the macaques (i.e., venomous or constricting), local and nondangerous, and novel and dangerous. Macaques reacted most strongly to constrictors (i.e., pythons), exploring them and producing alarm calls, and partially to vipers (both local and novel), exploring them but producing no alarm calls. However, they did not react to other dangerous (i.e., king cobra) or nondangerous species. Our results suggest that moor macaques discriminate local dangerous snakes from nondangerous ones, and may use specific cues (e.g., triangular head shape) to generalize their previous experience with vipers to novel species.
Intercultural Awareness Through English Language Teaching: The Case of Kosovo
Authors: Gashi Leonora 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study seeks to understand opportunities for teaching and learning the target culture for intercultural awareness. Utilizing Moran’sKnowing Framework(2001) and its five cultural dimensions, and reviewing curriculum documents and the English textbook in use for Grade Six in Kosovo, the study finds a misalignment among curriculum documents and the textbook regarding teaching culture for cultural understanding. It is noted that while curriculum documents share the goals and objectives for preparing students to become global citizens through language and culture learning in the English language, this vision is lost along the way and rarely makes it to the English language classrooms. It is concluded that English teachers, in Kosovo and potentially internationally, need to be more creative in utilizing more authentic cultural materials in their classes to bring to life the target culture. Lastly, it is argued that learning about another culture and comparing it with one’s own helps students examine their culture from a different perspective, which in turn potentially makes culturally-richer individuals in deeper and closer touch with their culture as well as cultures around them, near and far.
Photoluminescence of Homoleptic Lanthanide Complexes With Tris(benzotriazol-1-yl)borate
Authors: Bortoluzzi Marco , Ferraro Valentina , Sartor Federica 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBright photoluminescent neutral complexes having general formula [Ln(tbtz)3] (Ln = Eu, Tb; tbtz = tris(benzotriazol-1-yl)borate) were obtained by reacting K[tbtz] with EuCl3 and TbCl3. The emissions in the visible range, related to the f-f transitions of the trivalent lanthanide ions, are observable upon excitation with wavelengths shorter than 350 nm. The most intense emission bands correspond to the 5D0 → 7F4 transition at 699 nm for the europium complex and to the 5D4 → 7F5 transition at 542 nm for the terbium derivative. The luminescence is in all the cases mostly associated with the antenna-effect from the coordinated tbtz ligands. The synthetic approach was successfully extended to the preparation of the analogous yttrium and gadolinium derivatives. Tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry was attributed to the complexes on the basis of luminescence data and DFT calculations. Highly photoluminescent plastic materials were obtained by embedding small amounts of [Eu(tbtz)3] or [Tb(tbtz)3] in poly(methyl methacrylate).
Assessing Hepatitis B Knowledge Among Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders in San Diego
Authors: Lasitani Siotame , Hattori Christopher , Elisara Teini , Araneta Maria Rosario 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders comprise 6% of the U.S. population, but 50% of chronic hepatitis B cases and have a cancer mortality that is 60% higher than non-Hispanic Whites. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge of HBV transmission, symptoms/sequelae and treatment among NHPIs in San Diego.

Methods
Self-administered surveys were distributed using convenience sampling at the 24th Annual Pacific Islander Festival in San Diego in 2018.

Results
Overall knowledge scores were low (mean: 9.8 out of 28) among participants. Compared to U.S.- born (mean: 11.6), participants born in Pacific Island countries and territories (mean: 8.5) had lower knowledge scores (p = 0.017) and lower self-reported vaccination rates (50% vaccinated vs 27%, respectively, p = 0.025).

Discussion
Lack of HBV knowledge, low vaccination rates and the discordance between knowledge and behavior regarding HBV vaccination elicits an urgent need to collaborate with NHPI communities for HBV education, screening, immunization and treatment.
Sensitization to Airborne Fungal Allergens Associates with Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Presentation and Severity in the Singaporean/Malaysian Population
Authors: Sio Yang Yie , Pang Sze Lei , Say Yee-How , Teh Keng Foo , Wong Yi Ru , Shah Smyrna Moti Rawanan , Reginald Kavita , Chew Fook Tim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFungal spores and conidia are the major components of total airspora in the tropical Asia environment, and their sensitization patterns are often associated with allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and atopic dermatitis. Hence, we recruited a cross-sectional cohort of 9223 Singapore/Malaysia Chinese adults and assessed their sensitization against Curvularia lunata allergen using the skin prick test approach. A subset of this cohort (n = 254) was also screened for specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE) titers against a panel of 11 fungal allergens. We found significant association of Curvularia lunata sensitization with the risk of asthma (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.17–2.33; p = 0.00391) and AR (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.18–2.41; p = 0.00396). Among asthmatic patients (n = 1680), Curvularia lunata sensitization also increased frequencies of wheezing symptoms (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.05–2.96; p = 0.0239), general practitioner/specialist visits (OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.13–4.61; p = 0.0157), and other asthma-related exacerbation events (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.04–4.10; p = 0.0289). In our serum cohort, sensitization to Aspergillus spp. was the most common fungal sensitization, with 23.6% (n = 60) had a class 3 and above sensitization (positive sensitization; sIgE titers of > 3.5 kU/L) against this allergen. Increasing sIgE titer against Aspergillus spp. was also correlated with increased AR risk and AR-related symptoms. In conclusion, our findings emphasize an important role of fungal sensitization in the manifestations of asthma and AR in the Southeast Asian Chinese population.
Large Deviations and Gradient Flows for the Brownian One-Dimensional Hard-Rod System
Authors: Peletier Mark , Gavish Nir , Nyquist Pierre 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study a system of hard rods of finite size in one space dimension, which move by Brownian noise while avoiding overlap. We consider a scaling in which the number of particles tends to infinity while the volume fraction of the rods remains constant; in this limit the empirical measure of the rod positions converges almost surely to a deterministic limit evolution. We prove a large-deviation principle on path space for the empirical measure, by exploiting a one-to-one mapping between the hard-rod system and a system of non-interacting particles on a contracted domain. The large-deviation principle naturally identifies a gradient-flow structure for the limit evolution, with clear interpretations for both the driving functional (an ‘entropy’) and the dissipation, which in this case is the Wasserstein dissipation. This study is inspired by recent developments in the continuum modelling of multiple-species interacting particle systems with finite-size effects; for such systems many different modelling choices appear in the literature, raising the question how one can understand such choices in terms of more microscopic models. The results of this paper give a clear answer to this question, albeit for the simpler one-dimensional hard-rod system. For this specific system this result provides a clear understanding of the value and interpretation of different modelling choices, while giving hints for more general systems.
Methods for analysing citizens’ attitudes: a hypothetical Italian referendum about the membership of the European Union as a case study
Authors: De Luca Marino 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe European Union is an unprecedented unification project that successfully preserves political peace and integrates Europe’s countries into a supra-national model. However, recent economic and political crises have shown that there are institutional problems that have undermined the EU and lost the trust of many citizens. In Italy after the ‘political earthquake’ of the 2013 national elections, the party system suffered a further shock in 2018 with the consolidation of the centre-right and Five Star Movement as the main competing political actors. In this context, the relationship with the EU has undergone numerous tensions, impacting directly on Italian public opinion and its perception of European institutions. This paper investigates whether and how the ‘exit’ issue from the EU affects Italian citizens, particularly how they react to a UK-style hypothetical referendum on leaving the EU. By analysing a 2019 voter study, it tries to identify clusters of Italian citizens by their attitude to European policies and a possible EU referendum.