bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological variability of the plantaris tendon in the human fetus
Authors: Waśniewska-Włodarczyk Anna , Paulsen Friedrich , Olewnik Łukasz , Polguj Michał 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMuscular anatomy often differs between species and individuals. In particular, the plantaris muscle (PM) demonstrates great morphological variability in its course and its proximal and distal attachments. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological variation of the PM tendon in human fetuses. Forty-six spontaneously aborted human fetuses (23 male, 23 female) aged 18–38 weeks of gestation were studied. Morphology of the attachment of the PM was assessed in both lower extremities (n = 92). The PM was present in 72 lower limbs (78.26%) and absent in 20 (21.74%). Eight types of PM distal attachment were identified. We propose an eight-fold classification of PM insertion in fetuses. Leg length, length of tendon, extension point (ExP) from the calcaneus, and ExP thickness differed significantly among types of PM insertion.
Salivary oxytocin, cognitive anxiety and self-confidence in pre-competition athletes
Authors: La Fratta Irene , Franceschelli Sara , Speranza Lorenza , Patruno Antonia , Michetti Carlo , D’Ercole Paolo , Ballerini Patrizia , Grilli Alfredo , Pesce Mirko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is well known that soccer sport has the potential for high levels of stress and anxiety and that these are linked to Cortisol (C) variations. To date, much research has been devoted to understanding how Oxytocin (OT) can affect anxiety in response to a challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate, in 56 young male soccer players, the psychophysiological stress response 96 and 24 h before one soccer match of a tournament, in order to establish whether athletes who won or lost, show different levels of C and OT or expressions of competitive state anxiety subcomponents. We found that winners had significantly lower Cognitive anxiety and higher Self-confidence scores than losers. Also, significant differences between winners and losers in C and OT concentrations were observed, with higher OT levels in who has won and higher C levels in who has lost. Our results showed interesting associations between OT, C, anxiety feelings, and the outcome of competition.
Exercise interventions can improve muscle strength, endurance, and electrical activity of lumbar extensors in individuals with non-specific low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Clael Sacha , Campos Lorrane Freitas , Correia Karina Lisboa , de Lucena Joana Marcela Sales , Gentil Paulo , Durigan João Luiz , Ribeiro Alexandre Lima de Araújo , Martins Wagner Rodrigues 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExercise interventions have been recommended for people with non-specific low back pain. The literature is scarce regarding the effects of exercise on muscle strength, endurance, and electrical activity of lumbar extensor muscles. Electronic searches were carried out from May 2020 until August 2020 in the following databases: PUBMED, CENTRAL, EMBASE, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, Scielo, and LILACS. Only randomized controlled trials with passive and active control groups were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was performed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale. Eight studies, involving 508 participants, were included in metanalytical procedures. Exercise interventions demonstrated superior effects on muscle activity (Electromyography) when compared with active controls (p < 0.0001). Exercise interventions demonstrated superior effects on muscle endurance (Sorensen Test) when compared with passive (p = 0.0340) and active controls (p = 0.0276). Exercise interventions demonstrated superior effects on muscle strength (Machine) when compared with passive controls (p = 0.0092). Exercise interventions can improve muscle strength, endurance, and electrical activity in people with non-specific low back pain.
Short-term heat shock perturbation affects populations of Daphnia magna and Eurytemora carolleeae: a warning to the water thermal pollution
Authors: Nowakowski Kacper , Sługocki Łukasz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThermal pollution leads to short-term heat shock in aquatic invertebrates; however, the modulation of tolerance and life history of these invertebrates by thermal stress varies among regions, phenology, species, and their acclimation. To assess the effect of thermal shock, we conducted experiments on Daphnia magna and Eurytemora carolleeae at 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, and 40 °C (in relation to 20 °C) in a different exposure time of the stressor (10, 30, and 60 min). The results showed that short-term heat shock leads to increased mortality and reduced fertility of the studied planktonic crustaceans. D. magna was more resistant to thermal shock than E. carolleeae according to all variants of exposure based on the calculated LT50 values for 24, 48, and 72 h. Thermal shock decreased the potential of the Daphnia population in terms of the total number of births, however, with regard to individual reproductive abilities, the non-lethal heat shock did not reduce the birth rate. Although Eurytemora is more sensitive to thermal shock than Daphnia, the type of parental care in Eurytemora might be more favorable for offspring survival following thermal shock than in Daphnia. In Eurytemora, despite maternal deaths, a relatively high number of newborns who survived high temperatures were observed. The obtained results can help to understand the ecological processes occurring due to anthropogenic thermal pollution.
PD-L1 expression, EGFR and KRAS mutations and survival among stage III unresected non-small cell lung cancer patients: a Danish cohort study
Authors: Cronin-Fenton Deirdre , Dalvi Tapashi , Movva Naimisha , Pedersen Lars , Hansen Hanh , Fryzek Jon , Hedgeman Elizabeth , Mellemgaard Anders , Rasmussen Torben R. , Shire Norah , Hamilton-Dutoit Stephen , Nørgaard Mette 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProgrammed cell death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression, KRAS (KRASm) and EGFR (EGFRm) mutations may influence non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prognosis. We aimed to evaluate PD-L1 expression, KRASm, and EGFRm and survival among stage III unresected NSCLC patients. Using Danish registries, we collected data on stage III unresected NSCLC patients diagnosed 2001–2012 and paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from pathology archives. We assessed PD-L1 expression in tumors and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (ICs) by immunohistochemistry ($$\ge$$
≥
1% threshold for PD-L1+). We genotyped KRAS and EGFR. Follow-up extended from 120 days post-diagnosis to death, emigration, or 31/12/2014. We computed median survival using Kaplan–Meier methods, and hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox regression associating the biomarkers with death, adjusting for confounders. Among 305 patients, 48% had adenocarcinoma; 38% squamous cell carcinoma. Forty-nine percent had PD-L1+ tumors—51% stage IIIA and 26% KRASm. Few (2%) patients had EGFRm. Median survival in months was 14.7 (95% CI = 11.8–17.9) and 13.4 (95% CI = 9.5–16.3) in PD-L1+ and PD-L1− tumors, respectively. KRASm was not associated with death (HR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.74–1.51 versus wildtype). PD-L1+ tumors yielded a HR = 0.83 (95% CI = 0.63–1.10); PD-L1+ ICs a HR = 0.51 (95% CI = 0.39–0.68). Tumor expression of PD-L1 did not influence survival. PD-L1+ ICs may confer survival benefit in stage III unresected NSCLC patients.
The effects of T-DXd on the expression of HLA class I and chemokines CXCL9/10/11 in HER2-overexpressing gastric cancer cells
Authors: Nakajima Shotaro , Mimura Kosaku , Matsumoto Takuro , Thar Min Aung Kyi , Ito Misato , Nakano Hiroshi , Neupane Prajwal , Kanke Yasuyuki , Okayama Hirokazu , Saito Motonobu , Momma Tomoyuki , Watanabe Yohei , Hanayama Hiroyuki , Hayase Suguru , Saze Zenichiro , Kono Koji 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTrastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), a HER2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate with a topoisomerase I inhibitor deruxtecan (DXd), exhibits an excellent anti-tumor effect in previously treated HER2-positive tumors. A recent study demonstrated that T-DXd not only suppressed tumor growth but also enhanced anti-tumor immunity through increasing the number of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and enhancement of major-histocompatibility-complex class I expression on tumor cells in a mouse model. However, the effect of T-DXd on anti-tumor immune responses in human cancers is largely unknown. We investigated the effect of T-DXd on the expression of HLA class I and CXCL9/10/11, T-cell chemoattractants, in HER2-positive human gastric cancer (GC) cells. We found that T-DXd significantly inhibited GC cell proliferation in a HER2-dependent manner, while it slightly increased the expression of HLA class I in HER2-positive GC cells. Moreover, we revealed that T-DXd significantly induced mRNA expression of CXCL9/10/11 in HER2-positive GC cells. T-DXd-triggered up-regulation of these chemokines was mediated through the activation of DNA damage signaling pathways. These results suggest that T-DXd triggers anti-tumor immune responses at least in part through induction of the expression of HLA class I and CXCL9/10/11 on HER2-positive GC cells, resulting in the enhancement of anti-tumor immunity in human GC.
Real-time cancer diagnosis of breast cancer using fluorescence lifetime endoscopy based on the pH
Authors: Lee Jooran , Kim Byungyeon , Park Byungjun , Won Youngjae , Kim Sang-Yeob , Lee Seungrag 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA biopsy is often performed for the diagnosis of cancer during a surgical operation. In addition, pathological biopsy is required to discriminate the margin between cancer tissues and normal tissues in surgical specimens. In this study, we presented a novel method for discriminating between tumor and normal tissues using fluorescence lifetime endoscopy (FLE). We demonstrated the relationship between the fluorescence lifetime and pH in fluorescein using the proposed fluorescence lifetime measurement system. We also showed that cancer could be diagnosed based on this relationship by assessing differences in pH based fluorescence lifetime between cancer and normal tissues using two different types of tumor such as breast tumors (MDA-MB-361) and skin tumors (A375), where cancer tissues have ranged in pH from 4.5 to 7.0 and normal tissues have ranged in pH from 7.0 to 7.4. To support this approach, we performed hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining test of normal and cancer tissues within a certain area. From these results, we showed the ability to diagnose a cancer using FLE technique, which were consistent with the diagnosis of a cancer with H&E staining test. In summary, the proposed pH-based FLE technique could provide a real time, in vivo, and in-situ clinical diagnostic method for the cancer surgical and could be presented as an alternative to biopsy procedures.
Novel synthesis of in situ CeOx nanoparticles decorated on CoP nanosheets for highly efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution
Authors: Wu Xiaoxia , Wei Jiaxu , Zhang Tong , Yang Yuchen , Liu Qingyi , Yan Xingbin , Tang Yu 
Published: August 2021

CoP nanosheets decorated by in-situ CeOx nanoparticles were designed through a novel two-step solvothermal-phosphating strategy, which act as an electrode exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance toward OER in alkaline condition.
Expanding Availability of Speech-Generating Device Evaluation and Treatment to People With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (pALS) Through Telepractice: Perspectives of pALS and Communication Partners
Authors: Roman Amy , Baylor Carolyn , Johnson Lindsay , Barton Maya 
Published: August 2021

PurposeTo examine the experiences of people with ALS (pALS) and their communication partners (cALS) regarding receiving speech-generating device (SGD) evaluation and treatment via telepractice.MethodEight pALS along with a primary cALS participated in telepractice SGD evaluation and treatment with an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) specialist and representatives from multiple SGD vendors. Participants were interviewed postevaluation and post-SGD training to examine their experiences. Mixed methods data were collected through Likert scale responses and qualitative interviews.ResultsTelepractice SGD evaluation and training were feasible and resulted in all pALS receiving SGDs they were able to use to communicate. In both Likert rating items and qualitative interviews, participants rated the telepractice experience very highly in terms of giving them access to AAC services via an AAC specialist that they would not have otherwise been able to access, and doing so in a format that was possible given their limitations in mobility, endurance, and caregiver availability. Suggestions for improving the telepractice experience were provided.ConclusionsTelepractice should be considered as an option to provide vital SGD services to patients who are geographically remote, mobility impaired, unable to leave their home, experience fatigue with travel, or otherwise would not have access to these specialized services. Telepractice allows patients to preserve their time and energy for the assessment and treatment sessions, resulting in perhaps deeper and more frequent engagement in evaluation and training. Telepractice could serve as an alternative to outpatient, in-person evaluations, or be utilized in conjunction with in-person appointments.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15094257
Measuring fracture toughness of human dental enamel at small scale using notched microcantilever beams
Authors: Chu Kangjie , Zhao Cancan , Ren Fuzeng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDental enamel is the most mineralised hard tissue with a complex hierarchically organised anisotropic structure and it protects human teeth from mechanical damage during the dental function. Due to the sample size constraints, the available data for quantitative evaluation of the fracture toughness of human enamel is very limited. Here, on the basis of microstructural characterisation, the fracture toughness of human dental enamel at small scale with respect to orientation was measured using notched microcantilever beams fabricated by focussed ion beam. The fracture toughness of human enamel with perpendicular orientation was measured to be 1.244 ± 0.12 MPa · m1/2, 80% tougher than that of in‐plane parallel orientation (0.698 ± 0.18 MPa · m1/2). The present results are expected to provide deep insights into cusp fractures and the synthesis of enamel‐like restorative materials.
An innovative approach to partial discharge measurement and analysis in DC insulation systems during voltage transient and in steady state
Authors: Montanari Gian Carlo , Ghosh Riddhi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMeasuring partial discharges in DC insulation systems is an issue due to the lack of a reference relating the voltage waveform to the physics of discharge phenomena. Also, DC is not always steady state, due to voltage and load transients that generate electric field profile variations inside an insulation system, which can affect partial discharge inception likelihood and characteristics. Partial discharge measurement technology must be able to separate discharge pulses from noise and identify the type of sources generating partial discharge, which is related to condition assessment and maintenance. Eventually, measurement and analysis should be automatic and unsupervised, in order to get rid, partially or totally, of expert support. This study addresses a new approach to partial discharge measurements in DC insulation systems, presenting algorithms for separation, recognition and identification, which are effective both in DC steady state and during voltage (and load) transients. These algorithms are automatic and do not require expert support. Various cases of algorithm application on test objects consisting of multilayer polymeric specimens with an internal cavity and defective cable models are presented and discussed. Their effectiveness is proved, at least at a laboratory level, with effective noise separation and identification of discharge typology.
Timing and synchronisation for high‐loss free‐space quantum communication with Hybrid de Bruijn Codes
Authors: Zhang Peide , Oi Daniel K. L. , Lowndes David , Rarity John G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSatellite‐based, long‐distance free‐space quantum key distribution has the potential to realise global quantum secure communication networks. Detecting faint quantum optical pulses sent from space requires highly accurate and robust classical timing systems to pick out signals from the noise and allow for reconciliation of sent and received key bits. For such high‐loss applications, a fault‐tolerant synchronisation signal coding and decoding scheme based on de Bruijn sequences is proposed. A representative synchronisation timing system was tested in laboratory conditions and it demonstrated high fault tolerance for the error‐correction algorithm even under high loss. The performance limitations of this solution are also discussed, and the maximum error tolerance of the scheme and the estimated computational overhead are analysed, allowing for the possibility of implementation on a real‐time system‐on‐chip. This solution not only can be used for synchronisation of high‐loss channels such as channels between satellites and ground stations but can also be extended to applications with low loss, high bit error rate, but require reliable synchronisation such as quantum and non‐quantum communications over terrestrial free space or fibre optic channels.
Familienhebammen ein hybrides Tätigkeitsfeld - gemeinsam mit Kinderärzten/-innen, Hebammen und Kliniken
Authors: Schaup Katrin 
Published: August 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Familienhebammen und Familienkinderkrankenschwestern sind als präventives Angebot des Leipziger Gesundheitsamtes ein aufsuchender und für die Familien kostenloser Dienst von Beginn der Schwangerschaft bis zum dritten Lebensjahr der Kinder. Ihre Querschnittsaufgabe zwischen den unterschiedlichen Helferangeboten unterscheidet sich nicht nur dadurch maßgeblich von den Aufgaben der originären Hebammen. Die Finanzierung erfolgt aus Mitteln der Bundesstiftung Frühe Hilfen und wird vom Sächsischen Staatsministerium für Soziales und Gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt unterstützt.
Hör mal, wer da (nicht) spricht – Logopädie im interdisziplinären Kontext
Authors: Schulze Dorit 
Published: August 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEine funktionierende auditive Verarbeitung ist essenziell für den ungestörten Spracherwerb. Das in Deutschland etablierte Neugeborenenhörscreening ermöglich die Früherkennung angeborener Schwerhörigkeiten, doch auch erworbene Hörstörungen wie beispielsweise ein chronischer Paukenergusskönnen erhebliche negative Auswirkungen auf die Sprachentwicklung haben, sodass die frühzeitige Identifikation und Einleitung entsprechender Behandlungsmaßnahmen durch Pädiater und/oder HNO-Ärzte vor Beginn einer logopädischen Therapie essenziell sind. Nicht allein hörgeschädigte Kinder bedürfen einer logopädischen Unterstützung. Patienten mit myofunktionellen Defiziten, die zu Schluck-/Fütterstörungen führen, aber auch Kinder mit angeborenen Fehbildungen wie Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalten und anderen komplexen syndromalen Erkrankungen oder Behinderungen benötigen nicht nur eine besonders intensive zielgerichtete logopädische Therapie: Vielmehr ist die Einschätzung durch geschulte erfahrene Logopäden unabdingbar im Erkennen diverser potenzieller Problemfelder dieser Kinder. Die Zusammenarbeit im therapeutischen Netzwerk zwischen Kinderarzt und Logopäden ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der optimalen Patientenversorgung.
Herausforderungen in der Kinderkardiologie
Authors: Wagner Robert , Paur Simon , Vollroth Marcel 
Published: August 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn den letzten Jahren hat sich ein Paradigmenwechsel in der Therapie angeborener Herzfehler von »Überleben« zu »Überleben mit hoher Lebensqualität für Patienten und Familie« vollzogen, der nur als ganzheitlicher Behandlungsansatz wahrgenommen und erreicht werden kann. Dies erfordert im klinischen Alltag die Ergänzung des klassischen Behandlerteams aus Kinderkardiologen und Kinderherzchirurgen durch im stationären wie ambulanten Bereich tätiges, hochspezialisiertes ärztliches und pflegerisches Personal, Psychologen, Logopäden, Physio- und Ergotherapeuten, Sozialarbeiter und nachsorgende Einrichtungen wie beispielsweise auf Kinderkardiologie fokussierte Rehabilitationskliniken und sozialpädiatrische Zentren. Spezialisierte EMAH-Kardiologen betreuen eine zunehmende Anzahl überlebender Menschen mit angeborenen Herzfehlern bis ins hohe (Erwachsenen-) Alter nach. Der G-BA hat Anfang 2017 das standardisierte Pulsoxymetriescreening in Deutschland in die vorgeschriebenen Vorsorgeuntersuchungen aufgenommen (BAnz AT 27.1.2017 B5). Nicht nur für die hochspezialisierten Perinatalzentren, sondern für alle Geburts- und Kinderkliniken sowie Kinderärzte, die in die postnatale Versorgung von Neugeborenen eingebunden werden, sind Durchführung, Dokumentation, Interpretation und Einleitung entsprechender Konsequenzen dieser Screeningmaßnahme verbindlich. Dennoch sind Theorie und Praxis auch vier Jahre nach Einführung aufgrund organisatorischer und technischer Hürden (erfahrungsgemäß) noch nicht deckungsgleich und bedürfen weiterhin individueller Anstrengungen.
Is There a Difference between the Preoperative and Postoperative Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Children Submitted to Adenotonsillectomy?
Authors: de Souza Jose Neto Ribeiro , de Castro Fernanda de Oliveira Feitosa , de Souza Camila Lemes , El Cheikh Mikhael Romanholo , Ramos Hugo Valter Lisboa , da Fonseca Simone Gonçalves , Costa Claudiney Candido 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction Palatine and pharyngeal tonsils are the first line of defense against pathogens. Clinically, two alterations may require surgical removal of the tonsils: hypertrophy and recurrent tonsillitis. The two conditions probably result from a dysfunction of the immune system.
Objective To evaluate possible differences in the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in patients submitted to adenotonsillectomy.
Methods Prospective, longitudinal study with 25 children undergoing adenotonsillectomy separated into 3 different groups: recurrent tonsillitis (RT), composed of 7 patients; recurrent hypertrophy tonsillitis (RTTH), with 8 patients; and the tonsillar hypertrophy (TH) group, with 10 patients. Ten healthy control children (SD) were also included in the study. Peripheral blood was collected, and plasma was separated to measure the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. The Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical analysis.
Results The plasma level of IL-6 was higher in the RT (p = 0.0394) and TH (p = 0.0009) groups, compared with the control group. The TH group also had higher levels of IL-6 than the RT group (p = 0.039). The IL-6/IL-10 ratio was higher in the RT (p = 0.029) and TH (p = 0.0005) groups compared with the control group. Between the RT and RTTH groups, the IL-6/IL-10 ratio was higher in the RT group, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0091).
Conclusion Patients with a history of chronic tonsillitis had higher levels of IL-6, compared with the control group.