bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint earthquake ruptures of the San Andreas and San Jacinto faults, California, USA
Authors: Rodriguez Padilla Alba M. , Oskin Michael E. , Rockwell Thomas K. , Delusina Irina , Singleton Drake M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Large, multi-fault earthquakes increase the threat of strong ground shaking and reshape the probability of future events across a system of faults. Fault junctions act as conditional barriers, or earthquake gates, that stop most earthquakes but permit junction-spanning events when stress conditions are favorable. Constraining the physical conditions that favor multi-fault earthquakes requires information on the frequency of isolated events versus events that activate faults through the junction. Measuring this frequency is challenging because dating uncertainties limit correlation of paleoseismic events at different faults, requiring a direct approach to measuring rupture through an earthquake gate. We show through documentation and finite-element modeling of secondary fault slip that co-rupture of the San Andreas and San Jacinto faults (California, USA) through the Cajon Pass earthquake gate occurred at least three times in the past 2000 yr, most recently in the historic 1812 CE earthquake. Our models show that gate-breaching events taper steeply and halt abruptly as they transfer slip between faults. Comparison to independent chronologies shows that 20%–23% of earthquakes on the San Andreas and the San Jacinto faults are co-ruptures through Cajon Pass.
Multifactorial falls prevention programme compared with usual care in UK care homes for older people: multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial with economic evaluation
Authors: Logan Pip A , Horne Jane C , Gladman John R F , Gordon Adam L , Sach Tracey , Clark Allan , Robinson Katie , Armstrong Sarah , Stirling Sue , Leighton Paul , Darby Janet , Allen Fran , Irvine Lisa , Wilson Ed C F , Fox Chris , Conroy Simon , Mountain Gail , McCartney Karen , Godfrey Maureen , Sims Erika 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the clinical and cost effectiveness of a multifactorial fall prevention programme compared with usual care in long term care homes.

Design
Multicentre, parallel, cluster randomised controlled trial.

Setting
Long term care homes in the UK, registered to care for older people or those with dementia.

Participants
1657 consenting residents and 84 care homes. 39 were randomised to the intervention group and 45 were randomised to usual care.

Interventions
Guide to Action for Care Homes (GtACH): a multifactorial fall prevention programme or usual care.

Main outcome measures
Primary outcome measure was fall rate at 91-180 days after randomisation. The economic evaluation measured health related quality of life using quality adjusted life years (QALYs) derived from the five domain five level version of the EuroQoL index (EQ-5D-5L) or proxy version (EQ-5D-5L-P) and the Dementia Quality of Life utility measure (DEMQOL-U), which were self-completed by competent residents and by a care home staff member proxy (DEMQOL-P-U) for all residents (in case the ability to complete changed during the study) until 12 months after randomisation. Secondary outcome measures were falls at 1-90, 181-270, and 271-360 days after randomisation, Barthel index score, and the Physical Activity Measure-Residential Care Homes (PAM-RC) score at 91, 180, 270, and 360 days after randomisation.

Results

Mean age of residents was 85 years. 32% were men. GtACH training was delivered to 1051/1480 staff (71%). Primary outcome data were available for 630 participants in the GtACH group and 712 in the usual care group. The unadjusted incidence rate ratio for falls between 91 and 180 days was 0.57 (95% confidence interval 0.45 to 0.71, P<0.001) in favour of the GtACH programme (GtACH: six falls/1000 residents
v
usual care: 10 falls/1000). Barthel activities of daily living indices and PAM-RC scores were similar between groups at all time points. The incremental cost was £108 (95% confidence interval −£271.06 to 487.58), incremental QALYs gained for EQ-5D-5L-P was 0.024 (95% confidence interval 0.004 to 0.044) and for DEMQOL-P-U was 0.005 (−0.019 to 0.03). The incremental costs per EQ-5D-5L-P and DEMQOL-P-U based QALY were £4544 and £20 889, respectively.

Conclusions
The GtACH programme was associated with a reduction in fall rate and cost effectiveness, without a decrease in activity or increase in dependency.

Trial registration

ISRCTN34353836
.
Perception and knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for cervical cancer prevention among fully vaccinated female university students in the era of HPV vaccination: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chew Kah Teik , Kampan Nirmala , Shafiee Mohamad Nasir 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the perception and knowledge of cervical cancer prevention among fully vaccinated female university students in the era of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination.DesignCross-sectional using a validated questionnaire.SettingFace-to-face interview at a public university in Malaysia.Participants384 fully vaccinated female students were included in the study.ResultsThe total knowledge score in the questionnaire was 18 and was ranked according to score level into three groups: poor (score ≤5), moderate (score 6–10) and good (score ≥11). Mean score for knowledge of cervical cancer prevention was 8.24 (SD ±3.85), with 170 respondents (44.3%) scoring moderate knowledge level. The mean score for knowledge of HPV infection and its association with cervical cancer was 4.56±2.47, while the mean score for knowledge of HPV vaccination for cervical cancer prevention was 3.68 (SD ±1.98). A total of 186 (48.4%) respondents perceived that regular Pap smear was unnecessary after HPV vaccination. Respondents’ perceived seriousness and susceptibility of HPV infection correlated well with knowledge of cervical cancer prevention. Two main reasons for their acceptance of HPV vaccine were self-health awareness and free vaccination.ConclusionThe knowledge of HPV vaccination for cervical cancer prevention was average among vaccinated university students. Many of them had poor knowledge about Pap smear and did not consider regular Pap smear as an important cervical cancer screening tool following HPV vaccination. There is still a need for continued health education to improve the perception and knowledge about HPV infection and cervical cancer prevention among young adults in the community.
Reliability and validity of the Healthy Fitness Measurement Scale Version 1.0 (HFMS V1.0) in Chinese people
Authors: Qiu Heng , Huang Chen , Liu Qian , Jiang Lijie , Xue Yunlian , Wu Weixuan , Huang Zhuomin , Xu Jun 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the reliability and validity of Healthy Fitness Measurement Scale Version 1.0 (HFMS V1.0) for different population cohorts in the city of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China and to provide evidence and tools for further evaluation of healthy fitness of Chinese population and related factors.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingUrban neighbourhood and Medical University.ParticipantsElderly people (n=393; mean age 68.27±6.38 years; 53.18% male), university students (n=390; mean age 19.29±1.29 years; 38.21% male) and urban residents (n=393; mean age 32.23±9.41 years; 44.78% male).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were evaluated the reliability and validity of HFMS V1.0 by internal consistency evaluation, split-half reliability, test–retest reliability, convergent and discriminant construct validity, and factor analysis.ResultsThe Cronbach’s α coefficients for HFMS V1.0 were all greater than 0.85 for overall scale of total samples and three individual groups, and the split-half reliability and intragroup correlation coefficients were both greater than 0.70 (p<0.01). The correlation of each item, dimension and subscales ranged from 0.52 to 0.91 (p< 0.01). A total of 10 factors were screened by exploratory factor analysis with the cumulative contribution rate of 61.40%, basically consistent with the theoretical structure of scale. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit: CMIN/DF=3.45, root mean square error of approximation=0.05, GFI=0.91, AGFI=0.90, IFI=0.90, comparative fit index=0.90.ConclusionHFMS V1.0 showed acceptable reliability and validity in the test of healthy fitness of general population in Guangzhou. This scale could be a reliable measurement tool for evaluation of healthy fitness and potential risk factors.
Statin prescription in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and risk of exacerbations: a retrospective cohort study in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Smith Margaret C , Ashdown Helen Frances , Sheppard James Peter , Butler Christopher C , Bankhead Clare 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveObservational studies have suggested a beneficial effect of taking statins on frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. However, clinical trials of statins in people with COPD did not confirm those results. This study aimed to investigate this association using a methodological approach, which reduces the biases associated with some previous observational study designs.DesignRetrospective cohort study comparing new-users of statins with non-users.SettingGeneral practices in England contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink in 2007–2017, with linkage to data on Hospital Episode Statistics inpatient episodes.Participants48 124 people with COPD, aged over 40 years, who had not been prescribed statin in the previous year.ExposureParticipants became new-users of statins at their first prescription for a statin during follow-up. They were then assumed to remain statin users. Statin users were compared with non-users.OutcomesPrimary outcomes were COPD exacerbation, or severe exacerbation requiring hospitalisation. Secondary outcomes were death from any cause (for comparison with other studies) and urinary tract infection (negative-control). Maximum follow-up was 3 years. Adjusted HR were calculated using time-dependent Cox regression. The Andersen-Gill model was used for recurrent exacerbations. Covariates included demographic variables, variables related to COPD severity, cardiovascular comorbidities as time-dependent variables, and other comorbidities at baseline.Results7266 participants became new-users of statins over an average 2.5 years of follow-up. In total, 30 961 people developed an exacerbation, 8110 severe exacerbation, 3650 urinary tract infection and 5355 died. Adjusted HR (95% CI) in statin users compared with non-users were first exacerbation 1.01 (0.96–1.06), severe exacerbation 0.92 (0.84–0.99), number of exacerbations 1.00 (0.97–1.04), urinary tract infection 1.10 (0.98–1.23) and death 0.63 (0.57–0.70).ConclusionsIn this study of health records from a Primary Care database, statin use in people with COPD was not associated with a lower risk of COPD exacerbation.
Association between medication adherence and non-drug healthcare utilisation and costs: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study among US women age 65 and older
Authors: Ma Siyu , Shepard Donald S , Ritter Grant A , Martell Robert E , Thomas Cindy 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo explore the association between hormone therapy (HT) adherence and non-drug healthcare utilisation and healthcare costs among patients with breast cancer.DesignRetrospective longitudinal cohort study.SettingThe US Medicare beneficiaries in the SEER-Medicare-linked databaseParticipantsWomen aged ≥ 65 with hormone-receptor positive breast cancer from 2007 through mid-2009 in the USA.InterventionsWe examined the relationship between HT and adherence and outcomes of our interests.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOur study cohort’s HT adherence, non-drug healthcare utilisation and healthcare costs for the first year of HT and each year, thereafter, for a total of 5 years.Results6045 eligible Medicare beneficiaries that met our selection criteria were included. We found that patients who were adherent to HT were associated with lower healthcare utilisation of all kinds (inpatient (0.35 vs 0.43, p<0.001), length of study during hospitalisation (4.19 vs 4.89, p<0.01), physician office visits (25.16 vs 26.17, p<0.001)), and significant reductions in many types of medical costs and neutral total healthcare costs despite the increased pharmacy costs. Half of the total medical cost reduction came from savings in hospitalisation costs.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the added cost of HT adherence was all but offset by the reduced cost for other medical care. Our study provides evidence on the potential success of implementing value-based insurance design (VBID) plans among patients with breast cancer to improve their long-term oral medication adherence. Policymakers should consider adherence improvement strategies such as VBID plans, given that the costs likely will not surpass the total savings.
Microbiological and clinical evaluation of ultrasonic debridement with/without erythritol air polishing during supportive periodontal therapy in arches with full-arch fixed implant-supported prostheses: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Yang Jingwen , Jia Pingyi , Yue Zhaoguo , Liu Jianzhang , Liu Zhongning , Tang Lin , Liu Qi , Hou Jianxia 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionImplant-supported prostheses are often successfully used in edentulous patients. However, the incidences of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis increase over time. The accumulation of pathogenic bacteria adjacent to prostheses can induce peri-implant disease. Plaque removal is recommended to prevent and manage peri-implant diseases. The purpose of this study is to compare the plaque removal efficacy of ultrasonic debridement with/without erythritol air-polishing powder around implants and bridges in patients with full-arch fixed implant-supported prostheses as well as the effects of these two methods on the rates of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, and the submucosal microbiota composition over 5 years in patients undergoing supportive periodontal therapy.Methods and analysisWe plan to enrol 10 edentulous (maxilla and/or mandible) patients seeking full-arch fixed implant-supported prostheses. The study will use a split-mouth model in which contralateral quadrants are randomly assigned to two groups. Group 1: one contralateral quadrant of full-arch fixed implant-supported prostheses will undergo ultrasonic debridement combined with erythritol air-polishing powder. Group 2: a separate contralateral quadrant of full-arch fixed implant-supported prostheses will undergo ultrasonic debridement. The 5-year trial will involve a total of 10 re-examinations per participant. The mucosal conditions around the implants will be recorded at 6-month intervals after restoration. Peri-implant submucosal plaque will be collected at each re-examination, and the bacterial flora will be analysed by 16s ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. X-ray examinations will be conducted at 12-month intervals to evaluate the marginal bone level around implants.Ethics and disseminationThis prospective single-centre, randomised controlled trial (PKUSSIRB-202054045) has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Stomatology School and Hospital of Peking University. Data will be registered with the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Additionally, we will disseminate the results via publication in scientific journals.Trial registration numberChiCTR-2000032431.
Early-term birth and its association with universal two-child policy: a national cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Zhang Jie , Williams Gareth J , Wang Guanghua , Chen Jingjing , Zhang Mengyu , Du Wenchong , Zhu Jing , Zhang Jun , Hua Jing 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology of early-term birth (ETB) at the national level in China, and explore the association and mediating factors between ETB and policy between universal two-child policy and ETB, so as to explain the potential reason for such a relationship and provide evidence for future ETB interventions in the era of the new birth control policy.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsThe cross-sectional study used data from China Labour and Delivery Survey between 2015 and 2016. A total of 75 132 survey data collected from 89 hospitals in 25 provinces were included in the analysis. We further explored the association between the universal two-child policy and ETB.ResultsThe weighted incidence of ETB was 30.1 per 100 all births (95% CI 30.06% to 30.14%) or 29.88 per 100 live births (95% CI 29.97% to 30.05%) between 2015 and 2016 in China. There was an association between the universal two-child policy and ETB (relative risk, RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.23), which was not mediated by maternal age (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.22), previous uterine scars (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.22), parity (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.24) and other measured conditions (each p<0.05). Stratified analysis showed that the association between universal two-child policy and ETB were the strongest in multiparous young women or women without previous uterine scars (each p<0.05), and disappeared in all women of advanced maternal age (each p>0.05).ConclusionThe incidence of ETB was high in China when compared with most of reported countries, and there might be a link between two-child policy and ETB. Obstetric practice such as selective induced labour and caesarean section should be revised with ETB risks in mind, when ETB is more likely to happen under the universal two-child policy. Preventing ETB should not be neglected in multiparous young women or those without previous uterine scars under the new policy.
BiallelicANGPT2loss-of-function causes severe early-onset non-immune hydrops fetalis
Authors: Smeland Marie F. , Brouillard Pascal , Prescott Trine , Boon Laurence M , Hvingel Bodil , Nordbakken Cecilie V , Nystad Mona , Holla Øystein L. , Vikkula Miikka 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundHydrops fetalis, a pathological fluid accumulation in two or more body compartments, is aetiologically heterogeneous. We investigated a consanguineous family with recurrent pregnancy loss due to severe early-onset non-immune hydrops fetalis.Methods and resultsWhole exome sequencing in four fetuses with hydrops fetalis revealed that they were homozygous for the angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) variant Chr8 (GRCh37/Hg19): 6385085T>C, NM_001147.2:c.557A>G. The substitution introduces a cryptic, exonic splice site predicted to result in loss of 10 nucleotides with subsequent shift in reading frame, leading to a premature stop codon. RNA analysis in the heterozygous parents demonstrated loss of detectable mutant allele, indicative of loss-of-function via nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Serum ANGPT2 levels were reduced in the parents. In a pregnancy with a healthy, heterozygous child, transiently increased fetal nuchal translucency was noted.ConclusionPathogenic heterozygousANGPT2missense variants were recently shown to cause autosomal dominant primary lymphoedema.ANGPT2is a ligand of the TIE1-TIE2 (tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and epidermal growth factor-like domains 1 and 2) pathway. It is critical to the formation and remodelling of blood and lymphatic vessels and is involved in vessel maintenance. ANGPT2 knockout mice die from generalised lymphatic dysfunction. We show here that a homozygous pathogenic variant causes loss-of-function and results in severe early-onset hydrops fetalis. This is the first report of an autosomal recessiveANGPT2-related disorder in humans.
First-order formalism for thick branes in $$f(T,{\mathscr {T}})$$ gravity
Authors: Moreira A. R. P. , Lima F. C. E. , Silva J. E. G. , Almeida C. A. S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper we study the thick brane scenario constructed in the recently proposed $$f(T,{\mathscr {T}})$$

f
(
T
,
T
)

theories of gravity, where T is called the torsion scalar and $${\mathscr {T}}$$
T
is the trace of the energy–momentum tensor. We use the first-order formalism to find analytical solutions for models that include a scalar field as a source. In particular, we describe two interesting case in which in the first we obtain a double-kink solution, which generates a splitting in the brane. In the second case, proper management of a kink solution obtained generates a splitting in the brane intensified by the torsion parameter, evinced by the energy density components satisfying the weak and strong energy conditions. In addition, we investigate the behavior of the gravitational perturbations in this scenario. The parameters that control the torsion and the trace of the energy–momentum tensor tend to shift the massive modes to the core of the brane, keeping a gapless non-localizable and stable tower of massive modes and producing more localized massless modes.
Effects of static and dynamic femtosecond laser modifications of Ti/Zr multilayer thin films
Authors: Petrović Suzana , Tsibidis G. D. , Kovačević A. , Božinović N. , Peruško D. , Mimidis A. , Manousaki A. , Stratakis E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe experimental study of the static and dynamic femtosecond laser ablation of the multilayer 15x(Ti/Zr)/Si system is reported. The layer-by-layer selective laser ablation mechanism was studied by analysis of the surface morphology and elemental composition in static single pulse irradiation in a range of pulse energy from 10 to 17$$\upmu $$μJ. The selective ablations, as number of concentric circles in modified spots are increased with the pulse energy. The boundary between the circles was shown a change in the depth, comparable to the thickness of the individual layers. Changes in the elemental composition at the edges are associated with the removal of the layer by layer. The dynamic multipulse irradiation was observed via the production of lines with laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) at different laser parameters (scan velocities and laser polarization). The spatial periodicity of the formed LIPSS depends on changes in the effective number of pulses and laser polarization, as well as the nature of the material. For better interpretation of the experimental results, simulations have been conducted to explore the thermal response of the multiple layered structure 15x(Ti/Zr) after static single pulse irradiation.Graphic Abstract
Association of Abdominal Aorta Calcium and Coronary Artery Calcium with Incident Cardiovascular and Coronary Heart Disease Events in Black and White Middle‐Aged People: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study
Authors: Jurgens Paul T. , Carr John J. , Terry James G. , Rana Jamal S. , Jacobs David R. , Duprez Daniel A. 
Published: December 2021

Background
Assessing coronary artery calcium (CAC) is among AHA/ACC prevention guidelines for people at least 40 years old at intermediate risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). To study enhanced risk stratification, we investigated the predictive value of abdominal aorta calcium (AAC) relative to CAC for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CHD events in Black and White early middle‐aged participants, initially free of overt CVD.

Methods and Results
In the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study, a multi‐center, community‐based, longitudinal cohort study of CVD risk, the CAC and AAC scores were assessed in 3011 participants in 2010–2011 with follow‐up until 2019 for incident CVD and CHD events. Distributions and predictions, overall and by race, were computed. During the 8‐year follow‐up, 106 incident CVD events (55 were CHD) occurred. AAC scores tended to be much higher than CAC scores. AAC scores were higher in Black women than in White women. CAC predicted CVD with HR 1.77 (1.52–2.06) and similarly for AAC, while only CAC predicted CHD. After adjustment for risk factors and calcium in the other arterial bed, the association of CAC with CVD was independent of risk factors and AAC, while the association of AAC with CVD was greatly attenuated. However, AAC predicted incident CVD when CAC was 0. Prediction did not vary by race.

Conclusions
AAC predicted CVD nearly as strongly as CAC and could be especially useful as a diagnostic tool when it is an incidental finding or when no CAC is found.