bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of smart environmental elements on occupancy rates of subsidy housing in North Balikpapan District
Authors: Ulimaz M , Syafitri E D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In line with the decline of mining and oil business since 2015, the purchasing power of the middle and upper class houses of Balikpapan City residents has also decreased. Property developers change strategy by developing low-cost and subsidies housing. However, often the end result of the construction of cheap housing is still not built environmentally. It is very important to consider environmentally friendly housing. Many of these subsidy housing developments are built in North Balikpapan District. Based om the existence of subsidy housing in Balikpapan Utara that is already built and inhabited, it is necessary to identify the influence of smart environment elements on the occupancy rates of existing subsidy housing in order to improve environmental quality. The analysis of the occupancy rate of subsidy houses based on smart environmental elements is carried out through a linear regression model. The results of the analysis show that there are only 2 significant variables, distance of arterial roads and the affordability of religious facilities. If the affordability of arterial roads increases by one unit, then the number of houses occupied will increase by 15%. If the affordability of religious facilities increases, the number of houses occupied will increase by 74%.
Titanium and titanium based alloy prepared by spark plasma sintering method for biomedical implant applications—a review
Authors: Annur Dhyah , Kartika Ika , Supriadi Sugeng , Suharno Bambang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Titanium has been widely used in biomedical implant applications due to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, manufacturing titanium was quite challenging due to the need for high temperature while having high reactivity. Therefore, spark plasma sintering (SPS) is proposed as an advance rapid sintering technique which allows the fabrication of bulk and porous titanium for biomedical application. This review aims to explore the recent status of titanium alloys prepared by the SPS method. There are two common approaches of titanium development by the SPS method, develop a bulk titanium alloy, or develop porous titanium. The development of titanium for biomedical implant application was done by improving biocompatibility alloy and repair some unsatisfactory mechanical properties. Some low toxicity of titanium alloys (Aluminum free and Vanadium free) had been studied such as Ti–Nb, Ti–Zr, Ti–Ag, Ti–Mg, Ti–Nb–Zr, Ti–Nb–Cu, Ti–Nb–Zr–Ta, etc. SPS was shown to increase the mechanical properties of titanium alloys. However, porous titanium alloys prepared by SPS had gained much attention since it may produce titanium with lower elastic modulus in such a short time. Low elastic modulus is preferable for implant material because it can reduce the risk of implant failure due to the stress-shielding effect. Besides mechanical properties, some corrosion resistance and the biocompatibility of titanium are also reviewed in this paper.
Blunted beta-adrenoceptor-mediated inotropy in valvular cardiomyopathy: another piece of the puzzle in human aortic valve disease
Authors: Petersen Johannes , Kloth Benjamin , Iqbal Shahria , Reichenspurner Hermann , Geelhoed Bastian , Schnabel Renate , Eschenhagen Thomas , Christ Torsten , Girdauskas Evaldas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Heart failure induced by valvular cardiomyopathy occurs in a substantial proportion of patients undergoing heart valve surgery. We aimed (i) to quantify beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR) function by measuring the inotropic effect of isoprenaline in left ventricular (LV) tissue and (ii) to correlate beta-AR-mediated inotropy with clinical markers of heart failure.

METHODS
A total of 179 LV myocardial samples were obtained from 104 consecutive patients who underwent aortic valve (AV) surgery between 2017 and 2019. Beta-ARs were stimulated by increasing the concentrations of isoprenaline, followed by a single high concentration of forskolin and calcium. Beta-AR sensitivity was estimated as the concentration to achieve half maximum effects (EC50). Maximum effect size was calculated as the relative beta-AR-mediated inotropic response compared to the force in the presence of high calcium [FISO/Ca (%)]. In vitro data were correlated with the clinical indicators of LV disease.

RESULTS
FISO/Ca was independent of age and sex and amounted to 79.6 ± 20.5%. In a multivariate regression model, we found a significant inverse association between FISO/Ca and preoperative left ventricular end-diastolic diameter increase per 10 mm (OR −9.24, 95% CI −16.66 to −1.82; P = 0.015). Furthermore, patients with end-stage heart failure showed a strong tendency towards more severe reduction of max beta-AR response, as indicated by reduced FISO/Ca in a multivariate model (OR −29.60, 95% CI −61.92 to 2.72; P = 0.055).

CONCLUSIONS
Our study indicates that in vitro myocardial contractility testing can quantify beta-AR dysfunction in patients with AV disease. We found a significant association between reduced beta-AR sensitivity and increased LV diameter, which may indicate a role of beta-AR dysfunction in the development of heart failure in patients with AV disease.
RECOMBINATION AND TRANSFECTION MAPPING OF CISTRON 5 OF BACTERIOPHAGE SP82G
Authors: Green D MacDonald , Urban Margeret I 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Recombination between transfecting SP82G DNA molecules has been studied in Bacillus subtilis. Recombinant progeny issuing from transfected cells show many of the features that characterize progeny production in multiplicity reactivated bacteriophage, such as: majority recombinant clones, non-reciprocity of recombinant clones and the frequent absence of input alleles. While transfection substantially lowers the linkage observed between markers in normal phage crosses, linkage is observed at small map distances in transfection either by plating transfected bacteria or the progeny phage. Maps constructed from transfection crosses are identical to those of normal phage crosses, except in magnitude.—Examination of the concentration response of two marker biparental crosses, and three marker triparental crosses using transfecting DNA leads to the conclusion that at all concentrations, transfective centers are saturated with respect to the number of molecules that can be taken up. Thus, the frequency of recombinant infective centers, or recombinant progeny is independent of concentration effects.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN COLICINOGENIC FACTOR B AND F-TYPE FACTORS: ISOLATION OF A MUTANT F-lac FACTOR INSENSITIVE TO THE EFFECT OF COLICINOGENIC FACTOR B
Authors: Negrotti T , de Zwaig R Nagel 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
An extrachromosomal factor, colicinogenic factor B (colB) inhibits expression of fertility functions of various F-type factors in strains of E. coli K12. Mutant F-lac factors simultaneously became insensitive to all the effects of colB as well as to similar actions exerted by a resistance transfer factor, R fi+. This suggests that a common site or activity necessary for the expression of several F functions is affected by products of both colB and R fi+.
PROPERTIES OF TWO NUCLEASE GENES IN NEUROSPORA CRASSA
Authors: Hasunuma Kohji , Ishikawa Tatsuo 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Two genes, nuc-1 and nuc-2, of Neurospora crassa which were responsible for the nucleic acid digestion, were located on linkage group 1 and 2, respectively. A temperature-sensitive mutant (B1ts-2) was obtained from a nuc-2 mutant. Nuclease mutants showed a reduced activity of nuclease N3 which was found to be a complex consisting of nuclease N3' and inhibitor molecule. Nuclease N3, nuclease N3' and inhibitor were partially purified and estimated to have the approximate molecular weights of 38,000, 12,500 and 25,000 respectively. A nuc-1 mutant produced the nuclease N3' altered in thermolability. A nuc-2 mutant and B1ts-2 produced the inhibitor altered in the capacity to inhibit nuclease N3' activity. The inhibitor prepared from B1ts-2 was more thermostable than that from other strains. From these results, it was suggested that the nuc-1 gene is the structural gene for nuclease N3' and the nuc-2 gene that for the inhibitor. A possible involvement of this enzyme-inhibitor complex in the regulation of nuclease activity and synthesis of other proteins was suggested.
THE EFFECTS OF HETEROZYGOSITY CHANGES ON VIABILITY IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Authors: Moree Ray 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The viability effects of chromosomes from an old and from a new laboratory strain of D. melanogaster were studied in eight factorial combinations and at two heterozygosity levels. The combinations were so constructed that heterozygosity level could be varied in the third chromosomes of the carriers of a homozygous lethal marker, in the third chromosomes of their wild-type segregants, and in the genetic backgrounds of both. Excluding the effect of the marker and the exceptional outcomes of two of the combinations, and taking into account both large and small deviations from theoretical expectation, the following summary is given as the simplest consistent explanation of the results: 1) If total heterozygosities of two segregant types tend toward equality their viabilities tend toward equality also, whether background heterozygosity is high or low; if background heterozygosities is higher the tendency toward equality is slightly greater. 2) If total heterozygosity of two segregant types are unequal the less heterozygous type has the lower viability; the difference is more pronounced when background heterozygosity is low, less when it is high. 3) Differences between segregant viabilities are correlated with differences between the total heterozygosities of the two segregants; genetic background is effective to the extent, and only to the extent, that it contributes to the magnitude of this difference. This in turn appears to underlie, at least partly, the expression of a pronounced interchromosomal epistasis. Thus in this study viability is seen to depend upon both the quantity and distribution of heterozygosity, not only among the chromosomes of an individual but among the individuals of a given combination as well.
GENETIC FINE STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF THE AMYLOSE-EXTENDER LOCUS IN ZEA MAYS L
Authors: Moore Carol W , Creech Roy G 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
On the basis of interallelic recombination frequencies measured in diallelic crosses of the 5 amylose-extender alleles in maize, ae, B1, B3, M2 and i1, it was possible to construct a unique linear genetic map ordering all 5 alleles within the locus. The reciprocal diallelic crosses each gave comparable frequency estimates. The relative order is ae, i1, B3, B1, M2 or the reverse. Even though F1 endosperms resulting from all possible diallelic crosses were phenotypically mutant, therefore non-complementing, no decision as to whether or not these alleles exhibit functional complementation should be made without biochemical characterization of the starches from the various heteroallelic genotypes.
A MESSENGER RNA FROM THE LACTOSE OPERON OF ESCHERICHIA COLI THAT CAN NOT DIRECT THE PRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL β-GALACTOSIDASE IN ABSENCE OF EXOGENOUS ADENOSINE 3',5'-CYCLIC MONOPHOSPHATE
Authors: Simon Michel , Apirion David 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
In a temperature-sensitive mutant of Escherichia coli, β-galactosidase cannot be induced at the nonpermissive temperature (43°C) without the addition of exogenous 3´, 5´-cyclic AMP (cAMP), although the intracellular concentration of this nucleotide is normal. This specific effect of cAMP is probably general in this strain for those operons which are controlled by the cAMP receptor protein and cAMP, but not for other parts of the chromosome. The lac mRNA produced at 43°C in absence of cAMP is transcribed from the correct DNA strand and it directs the synthesis of enzymatically inactive material cross-reacting with β-galactosidase. Experiments separating transcription from translation by using rifampicin, suggest that cAMP exerts its effect during initiation of transcription or translation of lac mRNA, but does not affect the propagation of either the messenger or of the β-galactosidase polypeptide chain.
DOMINANCE MODIFIERS IN NEUROSPORA CRASSA: PHENOCOPY SELECTION AND INFLUENCE ON CERTAIN ASCUS MUTANTS
Authors: Russell Peter J , Srb Adrian M 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
When homozygous in zygotes, mutant alleles at the peak locus in linkage group V of Neurospora crassa initiate aberrant asci that are nonlinear, in contrast to the linear asci characteristic of wild type. Most mutant alleles are recessive, inasmuch as crosses of the mutant strains with wild type give linear asci. However, five different mutant alleles, when heterozygous with the wild-type allele, act in varying degrees as zygote dominants, initiating both linear and nonlinear asci, the relative proportions depending on the allele. Five modifiers that act on the dominance relationships of at least one of the five possible heterozygotes of a dominant peak and its wild-type allele have been characterized, four of them having been obtained by selection directed against a phenocopy of these mutants induced by treatment of wild type with l-sorbose. The pattern of modifier specificity observed among the various dominant peak heterozygotes indicates that the phenotypic effects are produced by a complex relationship between the modifiers and the dominant peak alleles in relation to their wild-type allele. In all but two cases the direction of modification, where present, is towards decreasing the dominance of the mutant allele in the heterozygote, evidenced by an increase in the percentage of linear asci when compared with control data. The modifiers exert their maximum modification when they themselves are heterozygous with their wild-type alleles and when the dominant peak allele is heterozygous with its wild-type allele. No modification occurs when heterozygous modifiers are included in zygotes homozygous for a dominant peak allele, reinforcing the notion that the modifiers act on the dominance relationship existent between a dominant peak allele and its wild-type allele, rather than influencing some activity of the mutant allele itself. The modifiers have no detectable effect of their own on ascus morphology, since homozygous modifier zygotes initiate entirely linear asci when only wild-type alleles of peak are present in the zygotes. Their only detectable effect, other than dominance modification, appears to be in conferring sorbose resistance to the mycelium. The modifiers are unlinked to the peak locus, and, except for two of them, they are nonallelic.
INHERITANCE OF ESTERASES A AND B IN SYNGEN 2 OF PARAMECIUM AURELIA
1
Authors: Allen Sally Lyman , Golembiewski Patricia A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Stocks 50, 93 and 305 in syngen 2 of Paramecium aurelia differ in their A esterases. Stock 305 also has a variant B esterase. The results of crosses carried out between stocks show that the A and B esterases are under the control of separate genes, thus confirming the prediction based on differences in the chemical properties and the distribution of these esterases in different syngens.
ISOLATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF EXTRANUCLEAR MUTANTS OF NEUROSPORA CRASSA
Authors: Bertrand H , Pittenger T H 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Four extranuclear mutants, [exn-1], [exn-2],[exn-4], and [stp-C], were obtained from N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-treated conidia and mycelium of Neurospora crassa. The three exn mutants grow with a pronounced lag from conidia and ascospores and are female fertile, whereas [stp-C] has a stop-start growth phenotype and is female sterile. The mitochondria from all four mutants are deficient in cytochromes a+a 3 and b, but contain an excess of cytochrome c. On the basis of growth and fertility, nuclear suppressors and complementation in heteroplasmons, 16 of the extranuclear mutants now available in Neurospora can be divided into three groups. Group I consists of 8 female-fertile variants with both poky-like growth and cytochrome defects. Their slow growth is suppressed by the nuclear factor, f, but not by a second nuclear suppressor, su-1([mi-3]). They complement with group III mutants in mixed cytoplasmons. Group II is represented by a single variant, [mi-3]. It is phenotypically modified by the su-1([mi-3]) factor, but not by f. Its unique cytochrome spectrum shows a deficiency of cytochrome a, but c and b are present. It complements in heteroplasmons with group I and III mutants. Group III included 7 female-sterile variants with stopper growth phenotypes and the same cytochrome defects as group I. Group III mutants complement both with group I and II isolates, but they are unaffected by either f or su-1.
SEGREGATION OF TWO ALLELES FOR COLOR OF DOWN IN PARTHENOGENETIC AND NORMAL TURKEY EMBRYOS AND POULTS
Authors: Olsen M W , Buss E G 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Data were collected on the down color of 1,386 parthenogenetic embryos and poults from eggs of 306 young virgin and older nonmated bronze turkey hens. Each hen involved was heterozygous (Cc) for alleles which affect feather pigmentation. Six hundred and sixty nine white and 717 colored parthenogenetic embryos and poults were observed, a 1:1 ratio. Subsequently, 89 of these 306 heterozygous bronze hens were inseminated with semen from BSW (cc) males and down color of embryos and poults from fertilized eggs recorded. the 89 females produced a total of 233 white and 239 colored normal embryos and poults. The 1:1 ratio for down color among both parthenogenetic and normal embryos and poults shows that, in both instances, the two alleles at a locus on an autosome segregated equally. Four possible cytological routes which would lead to diploidy were discussed.
8-AZAGUANINE RESISTANCE IN MAMMALIAN CELLS I. HYPOXANTHINE-GUANINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE
Authors: Gillin F D , Roufa D J , Beaudet A L , Caskey C T 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Chinese hamster cells were treated with ethyl methanesulfonate or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, and mutants resistant to 8-azaguanine were selected and characterized. Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity of sixteen mutants is extremely negative, making them suitable for reversion to HGPRTase+. Ten of the extremely negative mutants revert at a frequency higher than 10-7 suggesting their point mutational character. The remaining mutants have demonstrable HGPRTase activity and are not useful for reversion analysis. Five of these mutants have &lt; 2% HGPRTase and are presumably also HGPRTase point mutants. The remaining 14 mutants utilize exogenous hypoxanthine for nucleic acid synthesis poorly, and possess 20-150% of wild-type HGPRTase activity in in vitro. Their mechanism of 8-azaguanine resistance is not yet defined.
REGULATION OF RIBOSOMAL RNA AND 5s RNA SYNTHESIS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: I. BOBBED MUTANTS
Authors: Weinmann Roberto 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Analysis of the rates and amounts of rRNA and 5s RNA synthesized in Drosophila melanogaster bobbed mutants was done by using acrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The results show that the amounts of rRNA synthesized are constant, although the rates of rRNA synthesis in bb's are reduced to 30% of the wild-type level. The rates of synthesis of 5s RNA were constant. The rate of synthesis of the two kinds of molecules that enter in equimolar amounts into the mature ribosome is non-coordinated.—The rates of rRNA synthesis were shown to be proportional to the length of the scutellar bristles, supporting the notion that in trichogen cells there is no developmental delay, but the size of the bristle depends directly on the rate of rRNA synthesis.
SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF INBREEDING ON VIABILITY IN DROSOPHILA VIRILIS
Authors: Kosuda Kazuhiko 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The effect of inbreeding on egg to adult viability was determined for Drosophila virilis over a wide range of inbreeding levels (0 &lt; F &lt;.734). The quantity —loge (Viability) was found to be a curvilinear function of F, indicating synergistic interaction among loci. The curvature was not evident, however, below F =.500. The values of A and B (Morton et al. 1956) were calculated to be.06 and.77-.86, respectively. This extremely small value of A yielded a very large value for the B/A ratio i.e., 12.51-14.99.
ELECTROPHORETIC MUTANTS AS USEFUL MARKERS FOR CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS
Authors: Kleese R A , Phillips R L 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The efficacy of using an electrophoretic mutant to mark chromosome aberrations was demonstrated for an interchange in maize. Using a closely-linked esterase gene (E 4), plants homozygous and heterozygous for this interchange and plants homozygous for the normal chromosomes were detectable in the seedling stage via an electrophoretic assay; the error was only 0.3%.
SELECTIVE ALLELE LOSS IN MIXED INFECTIONS WITH T4 BACTERIOPHAGE
Authors: Benz Wendy C , Berger Hillard 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Evidence is presented that when E. coli B is mixedly infected with T4D wild type and rII deletion mutants, the excess DNA of the wild type allele is lost. No loss is seen in mixed infections with rII point mutants and wild type. In similar experiments with lysozyme addition mutants, the mutant allele is lost. We believe these results demonstrate a repair system which removes "loops" in heteroduplex DNA molecules. A number of phage and host functions have been tested for involvement in the repair of the excess DNA, and T4 genes x and v have been implicated in this process.
THE INABILITY OF YEAST TRANSFER RNA TO SUPPRESS AN AMBER MUTATION IN AN E. coli SYSTEM
Authors: Kiger John A , Brantner Carol J 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Transfer RNA from super-suppressor mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cannot suppress an amber mutation in vitro in an E. coli protein synthesizing system. It is tentatively concluded that the yeast amber suppressor does not contain a transfer RNA altered in the anticodon.
GENETIC RECOMBINATION IN COPRINUS. IV. A KINETIC STUDY OF THE TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON RECOMBINATION FREQUENCY
Authors: Lu B C 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
At the restrictive conditions (35° under continuous light) Coprinus lagopus is unable to initiate premeiotic S phase which takes place normally within 8-10 h of karyogamy. A shift-up to the restrictive conditions causes an arrest of the basidiocarps at this critical stage. A prolonged arrest causes a reversal to mitosis (Lu 1974b). Incubation of basidiocarps at the restrictive conditions before this critical stage causes no increase in recombination frequency (R.F.) in the loci studied. An arrest of 4 h at the critical stage still causes no R.F. increase, but 12-13 h and 18-19 h arrests cause increases of 50% and 90% over the controls, respectively. Thus R.F. can be increased even before the cells are fully committed to meiosis.—A 3-h heat treatment at the beginning of S phase (or 8 h before karyogamy) also causes some (30%) increase in R.F. while the same treatment at late S phase (or 3 h before karyogamy) causes a substantial (164%) increase in R.F. over the controls. A 3-h heat treatment before S phase causes no increase in R.F.—Pachytene is also responsive to temperature treatments (Lu 1969). The maximum R.f. increase is 100% by heat and 220% by cold treatment. The shortest time that can cause the maximum increase in recombination by high temperature is 3 h and that by cold treatment is 7 h. These durations are correlated with the length of the pachytene stage under the treatment conditions. The kinetic data show that the increase in R.F. caused by high and low temperatures follows two-hit kinetics and their rate of increase is almost identical. The higher increase in R.F. by low temperature can be attributed to the increased duration of pachytene and therefore R.F. is a function of time. The longer the homologous chromosomes are held together, the higher the recombination frequency.