bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrieval of aerosol microphysical parameters based on a few optical parameters from lidar
Authors: Li Siwen , Di Huige , Zhang Xingqi , Xin Wenhui , Zeng Nan , Ma Hui , Li Yan , Hua Dengxin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAerosol optical parameters detected by multiwavelength lidar can be used for the retrieval of the aerosol particle size distribution and aerosol microphysical properties (AMP). Based on the retrieval for AMPs using standard principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm, the influence of the number of optical parameters on the PCA retrieval results is studied. Four optical parameters (3β + α) or three optical parameters (3β) are selected for retrieval instead of five optical parameters (3β + 2α), respectively. The results show that three optical parameters and four optical parameters can be used for the retrieval of AMPs. For 3β + α, the accuracy of effective radius and volume concentration (VC) are 37% and 56%, respectively. For 3β, the accuracy of effective radius and VC are 37% and 74% respectively. The sensitivity analysis of the PCA algorithm with less than five optical parameters is also discussed, and this method is applied to the retrieval of cloud base particle size distribution.
Edge‐enhancement densenet for X‐ray fluoroscopy image denoising in cardiac electrophysiology procedures
Authors: Luo Yimin , Ma Yingliang , O’ Brien Hugh , Jiang Kui , Kohli Vikram , Maidelin Sesilia , Saeed Mahrukh , Deng Emily , Pushparajah Kuberan , Rhode Kawal S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeReducing X‐ray dose increases safety in cardiac electrophysiology procedures but also increases image noise and artifacts which may affect the discernibility of devices and anatomical cues. Previous denoising methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown improvements in the quality of low‐dose X‐ray fluoroscopy images but may compromise clinically important details required by cardiologists.MethodsIn order to obtain denoised X‐ray fluoroscopy images whilst preserving details, we propose a novel deep‐learning‐based denoising framework, namely edge‐enhancement densenet (EEDN), in which an attention‐awareness edge‐enhancement module is designed to increase edge sharpness. In this framework, a CNN‐based denoiser is first used to generate an initial denoising result. Contours representing edge information are then extracted using an attention block and a group of interacted ultra‐dense blocks for edge feature representation. Finally, the initial denoising result and enhanced edges are combined to generate the final X‐ray image. The proposed denoising framework was tested on a total of 3262 clinical images taken from 100 low‐dose X‐ray sequences acquired from 20 patients. The performance was assessed by pairwise voting from five cardiologists as well as quantitative indicators. Furthermore, we evaluated our technique's effect on catheter detection using 416 images containing coronary sinus catheters in order to examine its influence as a pre‐processing tool.ResultsThe average signal‐to‐noise ratio of X‐ray images denoised with EEDN was 24.5, which was 2.2 times higher than that of the original images. The accuracy of catheter detection from EEDN denoised sequences showed no significant difference compared with their original counterparts. Moreover, EEDN received the highest average votes in our clinician assessment when compared to our existing technique and the original images.ConclusionThe proposed deep learning‐based framework shows promising capability for denoising interventional X‐ray fluoroscopy images. The results from the catheter detection show that the network does not affect the results of such an algorithm when used as a pre‐processing step. The extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluations suggest that the network may be of benefit to reduce radiation dose when applied in real time in the catheter laboratory.
Morbidities and mortality of diagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) over the youth lifespan: A population‐based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Diallo Fatoumata Binta , Pelletier Éric , Vasiliadis Helen‐Maria , Rochette Louis , Vincent Annick , Palardy Sylvain , Lunghi Carlotta , Gignac Martin , Lesage Alain 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of ADHD, and related comorbidities, mortality, and type of health service use among children and young adults, using different case definitions.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based retrospective cohort study between 2000 and 2018, using the Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System (QICDSS) database. All residents aged less than 25 years eligible for health insurance coverage were included. We compared outcomes of three indicators (morbidity, services use and mortality) according two different algorithms of ADHD definitions, to the general population.ResultsThe cumulative prevalence of ADHD has risen steadily over the past decade, reaching 12.6% in 2017–2018. People with ADHD have a higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities, make greater use of medical, mental health services, and are hospitalized more often. The comparison of prevalence between the two algorithms and the general population for the three indicators showed that the cohort having one claim was very close to that with two or more, and statistically significant higher to that of people without ADHD.ConclusionThis finding support that a single claim algorithm for ADHD can be used for case definition. More research is needed on the impact of potentially effective treatments in improving consequences of ADHD.
Pilot study of a novel transmembranous electromyography device for assessment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal muscles
Authors: Menon Deepak , Mansfield Perry , Cordice Derrick , Studer Chris , O'Leary Michael , Sheean Geoffrey , Bril Vera 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsElectromyography (EMG) can provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of oropharyngeal muscles in various disease states, but the invasive nature of the conventional needle EMG (nEMG) has its limitations in this setting. We aimed to examine the inter‐rater reliability (IRR) of a novel transmembranous EMG (tmEMG) sensor as a non‐invasive technique for assessment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal muscles for neuromuscular pathology.MethodsThe study was a prospective, cohort, pilot study with blinded data analysis in healthy participants (n = 6), patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (n = 5) and bulbar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (n = 5). Each patient underwent sampling from bilateral palatoglossus (PG) and genioglossus (GG), using both tmEMG and nEMG. IRR was expressed as percentage agreement and prevalence‐adjusted bias‐adjusted kappa coefficient (PABAK).ResultsSubstantial IRR was found for participants with ALS (81.6%, PABAK 0.63) and OSA (78.8%, PABAK 0.61), and in healthy participants (87.1%, PABAK 0.74). A better IRR was seen with tmEMG (95.7%, PABAK 0.92) than with nEMG (73.9%, PABAK 0.48) for healthy participants and also for those with OSA. Studies from GG had higher IRR than PG. Only one participant had a minor adverse event (sore throat).DiscussionThe current study shows that analysis of PG and GG in both healthy and disease states using tmEMG has high IRR compared with nEMG analysis. Further validation studies can be undertaken to test its utility in analysis of oral cavity and oropharyngeal muscles.
Opinions on Pneumocystis jirovecii prophylaxis in autoimmune neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Claytor Benjamin , Li Yuebing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) is ubiquitously present in the environment and capable of causing an interstitial pneumonia in immunocompromised subjects. It has been advocated that routine prophylaxis against PJ be given to patients with autoimmune neuromuscular conditions that require prolonged use of corticosteroid therapy and/or other immunosuppressive agents. Available data, however, suggest that the risk of PJ infection in patients with autoimmune neuromuscular diseases is extremely low and the widespread use of prophylactic therapy is likely unnecessary. Comorbidities, including intestinal lung disease, prolonged lymphopenia, low CD4 count, parenchymal organ failure, and active cancer status, appear to increase the risk for PJ infection, and it is our opinion that these risk factors should be considered to determine the risk of PJ infection and the requirement for prophylaxis.
COVID‐19 infection in patients with late‐onset Pompe disease
Authors: Avelar Jennifer , Wencel Marie , Chumakova Anastasia , Mozaffar Tahseen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 2019 (SARS‐CoV2/COVID‐19) is frequently more severe in individuals with pre‐existing respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. The impact on patients with neuromuscular disorders is of concern, but remains largely unknown. Late‐onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is a lysosomal‐storage disorder characterized by progressive skeletal and respiratory muscle degeneration. Mortality is typically caused by respiratory failure. We examined the impact of COVID‐19 on these patients.MethodsThis is a case series of four patients with LOPD who contracted COVID‐19.ResultsAll patients had a mild/moderate illness from COVID‐19 and did not require hospitalization. Neurological worsening occurred in one, with no change in physical ability in the other three, and respiratory symptoms remained stable in all four.DiscussionCOVID‐19 infection can result in a benign course in some patients with LOPD. However, individuals with LOPD remain at high risk and should receive COVID‐19 vaccinations and exercise precautions to avoid exposure to COVID‐19 infection.
Traces of iron impurities in copper sources can be a poison to Cu(In, Ga)Se2 solar cells
Authors: Ma Zengyang , Gao Duoqi , Zhang Junjun , Liu Xinxin , Li Jianmin , Gong Junbo , Xiao Xudong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt has been widely accepted that the diffusion of iron from stainless steel substrates has detrimental impact on Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cell performance. However, the effect of traces of iron impurities in copper sources can be neglected all the time. In this work, 99.97% purity copper which contains only 0.03% iron was used to fabricate CIGS devices. Compared to the copper of 99.99% purity, it has been showed that this 0.03% difference in purity can lead to a 70% efficiency improvement for CuGaSe2 (CGS), 35% efficiency improvement for normal band gap CIGS, and 29% efficiency improvement for narrow band gap CIGS. These results revealed that traces of iron impurities in copper sources can be a fatal poison to CIGS solar cells.
The price of anarchy in loss systems
Authors: Anily Shoshana , Haviv Moshe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAssume a multi‐server memoryless loss system. Each server is associated with a service rate and a value of service. Customers from a common Poisson arrival process are routed to the servers in an unobservable way, where the goal is to maximize the long‐run expected reward per customer (which is the service value times the probability that the customer is not blocked). We first solve this problem under two criteria: social optimization and Nash equilibrium. Our main result is that the price of anarchy, defined as the ratio between the expected gain under the two criteria, is bounded by . We also show, via examples, that this bound is tight for any number of servers.
Analysis of job burnout, satisfaction and work‐related depression among neurological and neurosurgical nurses in Poland: A cross‐sectional and multicentre study
Authors: Ślusarz Robert , Filipska Karolina , Jabłońska Renata , Królikowska Agnieszka , Szewczyk Maria T. , Wiśniewski Adam , Biercewicz Monika 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimThis study investigated the status of job burnout, work‐related depression and job satisfaction among neurological and neurosurgical nurses in Poland.DesignA cross‐sectional and multicentre study.MethodsThe sample consisted of 206 neurological and neurosurgical nurses, all of whom completed a self‐report questionnaire designed by the authors.ResultsThe results revealed a work‐related burnout incidence of 32%, colleague‐related burnout incidence of 44.2% and patient‐related burnout incidence of 22.8%. Nurses working in neurological departments were statistically over three times more likely to struggle with colleague‐related burnout than nurses working in neurosurgical departments were. Further, work‐related burnout was higher in people aged above 54 years than those in the youngest age category. Nonetheless, 71.8% of the nurses expressed satisfaction with their work. In sum, our results indicated that job burnout is common among registered nurses and that personal (age) and workplace (type of ward, distance to work, experience and shift work) factors contributed to symptoms of burnout.
Serial case report of high seizure threshold patients that responded to the lengthening of pulse width in ECT
Authors: Katagai Hiroshi , Yasui‐Furukori Norio , Kawashima Hirotsugu , Suwa Taro , Tsushima Chieko , Sato Yoshiteru , Shimoda Kazutaka , Tasaki Hiroichi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been used as an effective treatment modality for psychiatric disorders. In patients with high seizure thresholds, augmentation strategies are considered such as changing anesthetic agents, hyperventilation, and premedication with theophylline. We tried to switch to “long (1.5 ms)” brief pulse ECT in all six patients from October 2020. The successful induction of effective seizures with “long” brief pulse stimulation in five of six patients who could not be treated adequately with standard ECT. In the current situation in cases in which brief pulse ECT, with the maximum dose did not lead to effective seizures, “long” brief pulse waves may be a promising option.
A comparison of confounder selection and adjustment methods for estimating causal effects using large healthcare databases
Authors: Benasseur Imane , Talbot Denis , Durand Madeleine , Holbrook Anne , Matteau Alexis , Potter Brian J. , Renoux Christel , Schnitzer Mireille E. , Tarride Jean‐Éric , Guertin Jason R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeConfounding adjustment is required to estimate the effect of an exposure on an outcome in observational studies. However, variable selection and unmeasured confounding are particularly challenging when analyzing large healthcare data. Machine learning methods may help address these challenges. The objective was to evaluate the capacity of such methods to select confounders and reduce unmeasured confounding bias.MethodsA simulation study with known true effects was conducted. Completely synthetic and partially synthetic data incorporating real large healthcare data were generated. We compared Bayesian adjustment for confounding (BAC), generalized Bayesian causal effect estimation (GBCEE), Group Lasso and Doubly robust estimation, high‐dimensional propensity score (hdPS), and scalable collaborative targeted maximum likelihood algorithms. For the hdPS, two adjustment approaches targeting the effect in the whole population were considered: Full matching and inverse probability weighting.ResultsIn scenarios without hidden confounders, most methods were essentially unbiased. The bias and variance of the hdPS varied considerably according to the number of variables selected by the algorithm. In scenarios with hidden confounders, substantial bias reduction was achieved by using machine‐learning methods to identify proxies as compared to adjusting only by observed confounders. hdPS and Group Lasso performed poorly in the partially synthetic simulation. BAC, GBCEE, and scalable collaborative‐targeted maximum likelihood algorithms performed particularly well.ConclusionsMachine learning can help to identify measured confounders in large healthcare databases. They can also capitalize on proxies of unmeasured confounders to substantially reduce residual confounding bias.
Photo‐differential scanning calorimetry parameter study of photopolymers used in digital light synthesis
Authors: Bachmann Joel , Schmölzer Stefan , Ruderer Matthias A. , Fruhmann Gabriele , Hinrichsen Olaf 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhotopolymers for 3D printing belong to the largest material group used in additive manufacturing. One suitable characterization method is the photo‐differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method, since UV light is used both as a probe in photo‐DSC measurements and for the curing process in digital light synthesis (DLS). The photo‐DSC method determines the speed and heat of the photopolymerization reaction, so it is an excellent method for characterizing the chemical process in DLS. In addition, the setup has been optimized in such a way that the photo‐DSC parameters used meet typical DLS process conditions. In particular, both the overlapping of the wavelengths of the light source and the photoinitiator and the similarity of the light intensities are very important. In this study, the commonly used dual curing, urethane methacrylate, DLS resin RPU 70 is thoroughly characterized. Several photo‐DSC experiments demonstrate the influence of wavelength, light intensity, temperature, relative humidity, and oxygen concentration in the atmosphere used on the curing process. Using the typical DLS parameters for light intensity and wavelength, the chemical reaction is mainly influenced by the oxygen concentration. The exposure time for vat photopolymerization processes decreases with decreasing oxygen concentration, which is why inert printing processes could have a positive effect on printing times. Additionally, it is shown that this method is also suitable for other DLS resins.
Gone with the wind: Ventjet is a new engineering model for atmospheric dispersion
Authors: Miller Derek , Vyazmina Elena , Shen Amy , Lutostansky Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

AbstractModeling atmospheric dispersion of flammable and toxic gases is very common in the industry. There is a large spectrum of different models, from Gaussian, Integral, up to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. However, these simple engineering models (Gaussian, Integral) do not always correctly estimate the dispersion of gases with a density higher than air. The purpose of this paper is to present an alternative/new model Ventjet dedicated to the atmospheric dispersion of various gases, including light gases (hydrogen, methane, etc.), neutral gases (nitrogen, oxygen), and heavy gases (CO2, LNG, etc.). Ventjet takes into account various weather condition profiles, namely neutral D and stable F. The effect of the ground is also integrated into Ventjet. Ventjet can be used for various releases, including vertical, angled, and even into the wind. Ventjet has been broadly validated versus multiple measurements from wind tunnel and field experiments, as well as CFD simulations.
Insecticide seed treatment against corn leafhopper: helping protect grain yield in critical plant growth stages
Authors: Neves Taline NC , Foresti Josemar , Silva Paulo R , Alves Elcio , Rocha Renato , Oliveira Camila , Picanço Marcelo C , Pereira Eliseu JG 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), spreads maize stunt pathogens and requires timely and effective crop protection. We determined the interaction between maize phenology and the vector feeding/infection period by stunt pathogens with the residual efficacy of neonicotinoid insecticidal seed treatments. Greenhouse‐ and field‐grown maize plants, seed‐treated with clothianidin or imidacloprid insecticides, were infested during seven growth stages with corn leafhoppers reared under controlled conditions on maize plants displaying infection symptoms by both spiroplasma (corn stunt spiroplasma, Spiroplasma kunkelii) and phytoplasma (maize bushy phytoplasma) pathogens.RESULTSIn the greenhouse and field settings, seed treatment reduced the stunt disease symptoms and corn yield loss during the VE–V4 maize growth stages and caused no phytotoxicity. The neonicotinoid seed treatment reduced 20–60% of the yield losses from the corn stunt disease until the V4 growth stage. Infestation by infective corn leafhoppers in the V12 maize growth stage caused a 25–30% yield loss irrespective of seed treatment, yet no stunt disease symptom was evident. Nonetheless, corn yield losses and visual stunt symptoms as rated by a nine‐category ordinal scale were strongly correlated (r = 0.79, P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONThese results reinforce that maize plants are more susceptible to leafhopper stunt disease during the VE–V4 growth stages (emergence to the fourth‐leaf stage). Seed treatment helps reduce the damage in the early growth stages (VE–V2), although supplemental control measures depending on leafhopper population density may be needed from VE–V12 to protect yield losses from the maize stunt condition. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
First‐principles investigation of the (HfSe2)4−n–(HfSSe)n (n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) lateral heterostructures
Authors: Van On Vo , Guerrero‐Sanchez J. , Ponce‐Pérez R. , Rivas‐Silva J. F. , Cocoletzi Gregorio H. , Hoat D. M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the structural, electronic, and optical properties of the and Janus HfSSe monolayers, and their lateral heterostructures (LHSs) (HfSe2)4−n–(HfSSe)n (n = 1, 2, and 3) using first‐principles calculations. Stability of these two‐dimensional (2D) materials is examined through phonon dispersion curves and cohesive energy. Besides, small heat of formation suggests the feasibility of experimental synthesis of the LHSs. Calculated electronic band structures indicate an indirect gap semiconductor nature of all materials at hand, where the energy gap decreases slightly from (HfSe2)4–(HfSSe)0 to (HfSe2)0–(HfSSe)4 as a result of the increase of Coulomb effect. Moreover, the LHSs formation makes possible the indirect–direct gap transition, which can be achieved by applying proper external strain to the lattice. Energy gap of the H22‐system shows a strong strain‐dependence, increasing with tensile strain and decreasing with compressive strain. The semiconductor–metal transition may be induced at strain strengths of −6% and −8%. Optical calculations indicate a wide absorption band from visible to ultraviolet regime with large absorption coefficient. Our findings introduce new 2D LHSs with tunable properties for application in optoelectronic nano devices.