bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An indigenous state-of-the-art High Wind Speed Recording (HWSR) system for coastal meteorological observatories
Authors: VASHISTHA R. D. , MOHAN K. N. , BIJU P. S. 
Published: November 2021

The continuous and accurate monitoring of wind speed and direction is of utmost importance to weatherman, particularly during the cyclonic storms. Wind monitoring also helps the meteorologists in tracking the cyclone accurately and estimating their devastating potential. One major disadvantage of all the existing wind monitoring and storing systems is their huge consumption of power, and hence are not suitable during cyclonic storms due to mains power supply failure. So an attempt has been made by the authors to design and develop a low cost, low power, more accurate and maintenance free High Wind Speed Recording (HWSR) System for the coastal meteorological observatories along the East and West Coasts of India. One such system after successful field trials have been installed at Meteorological Office, Puri in the Orissa coast, and 19 more stations are proposed along East and West Coasts of India. The system meets the operational accuracy requirements and vector averaging of wind data as recommended by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO, 1992). The system design aspects and scope for expansion have been presented in this paper.
Recent trends in meteorological parameters over Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: JASWAL A. K. , RAO G. S. PRAKASA 
Published: November 2021

Annual trends of meteorological parameters temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and clouds for ten stations in Jammu and Kashmir during the period 1976-2007 were studied. Trend analysis shows that temperatures are increasing over the state with significant increase in maximum temperature in the Kashmir region (+0.04 to + 0.05° C/year) and minimum temperature in the Jammu region (+0.03 to + 0.08° C/year). The diurnal temperature range (DTR) is increasing over Kashmir region due to higher increasing trends in the maximum temperature while the strong increasing trends in the minimum temperature are contributing more towards the decrease in DTR over the Jammu region. Annual rainfall and rainy days trends are decreasing in both the regions of the state except at Jammu where rainfall trend is significantly increasing (+12.05 mm/year). Day-time relative humidity trends are mixed while total cloud amount trends are decreasing over Kashmir region and increasing over Jammu region. The effects of urbanization in the last two decades are more pronounced in Jammu region and this is strongly expressed in minimum temperature over the region. The warming trends observed over Jammu and Kashmir state during the period of study need further investigation in relation to variability of atmospheric circulation over North India.
Changes in total cloud cover over India based upon 1961-2007 surface observations
Authors: JASWAL A. K. 
Published: November 2021

Based upon 172 well distributed surface meteorological stations over India, annual and seasonal trends in total cloud cover and associated climatic variables diurnal temperature range and rainy days are investigated for 1961-2007. The data analysis indicates a general decrease in total cloud cover over most parts of India during winter, summer and monsoon. On monthly scale, statistically significant decrease in total cloud cover has occurred during April (3% per decade), June to September (2% per decade) and December (5% per decade). Seasonally, the declining trends in total cloud cover are significant for summer and monsoon (2% per decade). Spatial analysis of trends suggests coherent decrease in total cloud cover over central India (all seasons) and south peninsula (except post monsoon).

All India averaged monthly, annual and seasonal trends in diurnal temperature range and rainy days are mixed and weak. Spatially, trends in diurnal temperature range are decreasing over north and increasing over south peninsula while trends in rainy days are decreasing over large number of stations during winter and monsoon and increasing in summer and post monsoon seasons. However, the sizes of the same trend regions show considerable variability between seasons. Monsoon season total cloud cover and Nino3.4 sea surface temperature anomalies are significantly negatively correlated over all regions of the country except northeast indicating a strong relationship between them.
Seasonal prediction of cyclonic disturbances over the Bay of Bengal during summer monsoon season : Identification of potential predictors
Authors: MOHAPATRA M. , ADHIKARY S. 
Published: November 2021

The cyclonic disturbances (CD) over the Bay of Bengal during monsoon season have significant impact on rainfall over India. On many occasions, they cause flood leading to loss of lives and properties. Hence, any early information about the frequency of occurrence of such disturbances will help immensely the disaster managers and planners. However, the studies are limited on the seasonal prediction of CD over the Bay of Bengal unlike other Ocean basins of the world. Hence, a study has been undertaken to find out the potential predictors during the months of April and May for prediction of frequency of cyclonic disturbances over the Bay of Bengal during monsoon season (June – September). For this purpose, best track data of India Meteorological Department and large scale field parameters based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data have been analyzed for the period of 1948 – 2007. The linear correlation analysis has been applied between frequency of CD and large scale field parameters based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data to find out the potential predictors.

The large scale field parameters over the equatorial Indian Ocean, especially over west equatorial Indian Ocean and adjoining Arabian Sea (up to 15° N) should be favourable in April and May with lower mean sea level pressure (MSLP), lower geopotential heights and stronger southerlies in lower and middle levels, along with stronger northerly components at upper level for higher frequency of CD during subsequent monsoon season. Consequently, there should be increase in relative humidity (RH) and precipitable water content and decrease in outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and temperature at lower levels over this region during April and May for higher frequency of CD during subsequent monsoon season. Comparing the area of significant correlation between frequency of CD and large scale field parameters and its stability from April to September, MSLP and geopotential heights are most influencing parameters followed by OLR, sea surface temperature, air temperature and RH at 850 hPa level.
Weather – based crop protection stewardship at Pattambi, Kerala
Authors: SAMUI R. P. , SABALE J. P. , KARTHIKEYAN K. 
Published: November 2021

Kerala, a bowl of rice is continuously facing problem of using maximum pesticide for controlling outbreak of major rice pests. Weather data, synoptic conditions have been used to predict outbreaks of certain important tropical rice pests. Weather influences on the bionomics of pests is examined the context of forecasting outbreaks. The synoptic situations as well as weather based indices are considered to forewarn the outbreaks of stem borer and leaf folder at and around Pattambi, Kerala. An attempt is made to work out optimal time of pesticide application using weather based forewarning system approach with an aim to reduce the pesticide consumption and environmental pollution.
Verdwenen alleenstaande minderjarige vluchtelingen: voer voor mensenhandelaren?
Authors: Smit M. , van Os E.C.C. 
Published: November 2021

Verdwenen alleenstaande minderjarige vluchtelingen: voer voor mensenhandelaren?
Volgens het internationale onderzoeksjournalistiekcollectief Lost in Europe zouden er in 2017 7.024 alleenstaande vluchtelingenkinderen zijn verdwenen uit asielzoekerscentra in Europa. Dit aantal is niet wetenschappelijk onderbouwd, maar dat dergelijke verontrustende verdwijningen geregeld voorkomen, is zeker. Wat wordt er tegen het verdwijnen van alleenstaande minderjarige vluchtelingen gedaan en wat is er bekend over het lot van verdwenen jongeren? Vaak worden zorgen geuit dat deze kinderen slachtoffer zijn of worden van mensenhandel. In hoeverre zijn daar aanwijzingen voor? In deze bijdrage gaan we op deze vragen in. Na een korte introductie over alleenstaande minderjarige vluchtelingen en mensenhandel besteden we aandacht aan verdwijningen buiten en binnen Nederland. Vervolgens doen we verslag van de bevindingen uit een aantal onderzoeken en van in Nederland getroffen maatregelen tegen verdwijningen. We ronden af met een conclusie en enkele aanzetten voor preventie van verdwijningen.
General comment No. 25: kinderrechten en digitale technologie
Authors: van der Hof S. 
Published: November 2021

General comment No. 25: Kinderrechten en digitale technologie
In maart 2021 publiceerde het VN Comité voor de Rechten van het Kind General Comment No. 25 over kinderrechten in relatie tot de digitale omgeving (‘GC25’). Het doel van GC25 is om uit te leggen hoe de rechten van kinderen, zoals deze zijn neergelegd in het VN Verdrag voor de Rechten van het Kind (‘IVRK’) moeten worden geïmplementeerd in relatie tot digitale technologie. GC25 richt zich vanzelfsprekend tot de verdragsstaten, maar terecht ook tot andere relevante partijen, waaronder de tech-industrie.
Trois langues d’Asie du Sud-Est et leur première grammaire (vietnamien, thaï, cambodgien)
Authors: Bidaud Samuel 
Published: November 2021

Cet article a pour but d’analyser et comparer les premières grammaires de trois langues d’Asie du Sud-Est : le vietnamien, le thaï et le cambodgien, qui furent publiées à des époques différentes, en 1651, 1828 et 1915 respectivement. Les auteurs de ces grammaires sont confrontés à l’analyse d’un certain nombre de phénomènes linguistiques radicalement « exotiques » par rapport aux langues européennes, tels que l’absence de flexion, le monosyllabisme, la présence de tons ou encore des systèmes de « pronoms » très complexes. Chacune des grammaires développe sa propre approche de ces points et propose une classification des mots singulière, dont il convient d’interroger le lien à la grammaire latine et au concept de « partie du discours ». Les trois textes qui nous occupent ont par ailleurs des buts qui ne sont pas identiques, puisque les deux premiers ont une visée didactique alors que le troisième est avant tout scientifique. Enfin, ces grammaires diffèrent dans leur rapport à la linguistique générale et à la comparaison typologique et historique.
Falcon Optimization Algorithm for Bayesian Networks Structure Learning
Authors: Kareem Shahab Wahhab , Okur Mehmet Cudi 
Published: November 2021

In machine-learning, one of the useful scientific models for producing the structure of knowledge is Bayesian network, which can draw probabilistic dependency relationships between variables. The score and search is a method used for learning the structure of a Bayesian network. The authors apply the Falcon Optimization Algorithm (FOA) as a new approach to learning the structure of Bayesian networks. This paper uses the Reversing, Deleting, Moving and Inserting operations to adopt the FOA for approaching the optimal solution of Bayesian network structure. Essentially, the falcon prey search strategy is used in the FOA algorithm. The result of the proposed technique is compared with Pigeon Inspired optimization, Greedy Search, and Simulated Annealing using the BDeu score function. The authors have also examined the performances of the confusion matrix of these techniques utilizing several benchmark data sets. As shown by the evaluations, the proposed method has more reliable performance than the other algorithms including producing better scores and accuracy values.
The use of a long-acting tranquilizer (zuclopenthixol acetate) and live video monitoring for successful long-distance transport of caribou (Rangifer tarandus)
Authors: Slater Owen , Backwell Amber , Cook John , Cook Rachel 
Published: November 2021

Long-distance transport of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) can result in morbidities and mortalities. This case report describes the use of a long-acting tranquilizer, zuclopenthixol acetate (ZA) and live video monitoring (LVM) to transport caribou over 2300 kilometers. Two groups of captive caribou were transported from Fort St. John, British Columbia to Dryden, Ontario (n=14; 28.5 h transport) and Anchorage, Alaska (n=11; 32 h transport). The day prior to transport, caribou were administered ZA at 1 mg/kg via deep intramuscular (IM) injection. Digital video cameras allowed for live observation of caribou during transport. Still images of videos from each compartment in the Ontario transport were analyzed for percentage (%) lying versus standing over three time periods (Day 1, Night, and Day 2). Overall, caribou spent 57% of the transport lying down, with the highest percentage occurring at night (73%). As group size and animal density decreased there was a trend for caribou to spend more time lying down. Three animals developed extrapyramidal effects to the ZA and were effectively treated with midazolam at 0.2 mg/kg IM. There were no significant visible injuries or mortalities during or up to 6 weeks post-transport. Zuclopenthixol acetate and LVM were used to successfully transport caribou over long distances and should be considered in future translocations to improve animal welfare during transport.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Activities of Some phthalimides Derivatives
Authors: Taiwo F. O. , Obafemi C. A. , Obuotor E. M. , Olawuni I. J. 
Published: November 2021

Aims: To synthesize some phthalimides derivatives and evaluate the compounds for their possible biological properties.
Methods: The substituted phenylisoindoline-1,3-dione were synthesized from the reactions of N-phenyl phthalimide with different substituted aromatic aldehyde. The synthesized compounds were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis. The Nitric oxide and Ferric reducing antioxidant properties (FRAP) were determined by spectrophochemical method.
Results: The IC50 values for all the synthesized compounds were lower than standard, eserine (IC50 = 15 ± 2 µg/mL) against Nitric oxide inhibition. Compounds 3 (FRAP = 205±8 µg/ML) and 6 (FRAP = 118±1 µg/ML) were found to exhibit higher FRAP analysis results which were comparable to the results obtained for serine. (FRAP = 202±7 µg/ML).
Conclusion: The considerable activity of the compounds shown by its Nitric oxide and Ferric reducing antioxidant properties (FRAP) makes them good candidates for the development of selective acetylcholinesterase and butyryl cholinesterase inhibitors.
Plant Therapeutic Proteases: Chemical Aspects, Applications and Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Ferreira P. F. , Silva-López R. E. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Plants are important sources of therapeutic proteases with expressive activity, stability, specificity, and efficiency. These proteases are employed at low concentrations and produce lesser side effects. They have complex tridimensional structures whose maintenance is a challenge, requiring specific conditions to guarantee the biological and pharmacological activities of these compounds.
Aims: To conduct a literature review about plant therapeutic proteases, their principal biochemical aspects, potentials and clinical applications, and main pharmaceutical formulations.
Materials and Methods: The present study consisted of a bibliographic survey of the major plant therapeutic proteases. An investigation was performed in the PUBMED, SciELO, ScienceDirect and Academic Google databases using the keywords plant enzymes, therapeutic protease, immobilization, formulation.
Results: Some plant therapeutic proteases, such as papain and bromelain, are employed to treat many diseases and conditions, but the complexity of their structures is an important limitation of their uses. Thus, the structure and activities of their formulations need to be stabilized and protected against degradation, with improved pharmacokinetics, a prolonged time of action, reduced toxic effects, and proper direction towards their therapeutic target. Nanotechnology has made it possible to manufacture drug carriers such as polymeric nano- and microparticles, hydrogels, dendrimers and liposomes which are able to increase their efficacy and clinical applicability, as well as patient compliance. Sustainability initiatives that use Green Chemistry together with nanobiotechnology have managed to reduce the risks of toxicity to organisms and the environment. Green synthesis uses lower concentrations of metal ions, water-soluble, biocompatible and non-toxic compounds, as well as seeking energy efficiency and using renewable sources of raw materials.
Conclusions: Investigations about new formulations of plant therapeutic proteases using biodegradable and biocompatible polymers is of great biomedical interest because they generate less toxic new biopharmaceuticals, in addition to protecting and stabilizing the enzymatic structure.
Influence of Plant Growth Regulators to Improve the Colour and Sugar Content of Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). cv. Red Globe
Authors: Nanthakumar S. , Manju V. , Kumar V. Ashok 
Published: November 2021

Studies on Effect of plant growth regulators to improve the colour and sugar content of Grapes” (Vitis vinifera L.).cv. Red Globe was conducted in the field of a progressive grape grower at Kaalampalyam (10 O 58’49.17” N and 76 O 55’ 15. 81”E and elevation of 1352 ft from MSL) near Perur area of Coimbatore district in Tamil Nadu. The experiment was laid out in a randomized Block design with 7 treatments and each treatment was replicated four times. The data recorded on various parameters viz., vegetative growth, flowering, fruit yield, Quality etc., were statistically analysed. Significant differences were observed among the growth regulators on various vegetative growth parameters in Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). cv. Red Globe. Among all the treatments, number of bunches per vine was significantly higher when sprayed with ethephon 200ppm (T4) compared to other treatments. (6.53 cm), the berry size and berry weight of the grapes were found to be maximum in the bunches treated with CCC 500ppm (T2) (6.57 g), There was no impact on the number of seeds by the treatments. The ethephon 200ppm (T4) treatment exhibited superior quality in terms of juice content, total sugars and colour value.
Rapid Screening of Small Millet Varieties for Seedling Stage Drought Stress Tolerance
Authors: Francis Neethu , Ravikesavan R. , Iyanar K. , Raveendran M. , Chitdeshwari T. , Senthil A. 
Published: November 2021

Aim: Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses that affect the yield of crops globally. The present investigation was conducted to identify small millet genotypes tolerant to seedling stage drought stress.
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications with genotypes and stress treatments as factors.
Place and Duration of Study: It was carried out at Department of millets, Centre for plant breeding and genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during 2019.
Methodology: Ten varieties of various small millets, CO 7 (foxtail millet), CO 4 and ATL 1 (little millet), CO 15 and CO 9 (finger millet), ATL 1 and CO (PV) 5 (proso millet), MDU 1 and CO 2 (barnyard millet) and CO 3 (kodo millet), were used for the study. In vitro screening of the seedlings in Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-induced water stress at four levels (0, -3, -5 and -7 bars) were carried out based on germination percent, shoot and root length, plant height stress tolerance index (PHSI), root length stress tolerance index (RLSI) and seedling vigour index (SVI).
Results: Analysis of variance of the genotypes and PEG treatments revealed significant variation for genotypes, treatments and genotype x treatment interactions at P< 0.001. A declining trend for germination percent, shoot length and root length was observed as the stress levels were increased. However, at mild and moderate stress root length was slightly increased. Under mild (-3 bars) and high stress (-7 bars), CO 7 (foxtail millet) recorded the highest SVI percent over control values (165% and 65% respectively). Under moderate stress CO 4 (little millet) recorded the highest SVI (191%). The lowest SVI values under high stress, 4% and 8%, were recorded for ATL 1 (little millet) and CO 3 (kodo millet) respectively.
Conclusion: Based on invitro screening of small millet varieties for seedling stage water stress, foxtail millet variety CO 7 and kodo millet variety CO 3 can be concluded as the tolerant and susceptible varieties respectively. Further a controlled field experiment may be carried out to understand the field level tolerance of the varieties and their growth stages to drought.
Assessment of Fungal Concentrations Associated with Relative Humidity and Temperature Variations in the Indoor Environment
Authors: Obi Chioma Maureen , Enweani-Nwokelo Ifeoma Bessie , Oshim Ifeanyi Onyema , Okeke Monique Ugochinyere 
Published: November 2021

Background: Indoor environmental factors and human activities influence the presence and concentration of fungal propagules which may lead to the risk of developing respiratory infections and allergic reactions.
Aim/Objectives: This study aimed to identify the factors that influence indoor fungal composition and determine its association with the development of respiratory and allergic reactions.
Methodology: A total of 549 air samples and 226 nasal swabs of occupants were examined using health base questionnaire, malt extract agar and A6 single stage microbial air sampler. House dampness, mould growth on indoor materials, temperature, relative humidity, type of ventilation, type of human activity, and location of building were found to affect the prevalence and diversity of indoor fungi.
Results: A total of 55, 46 and 50 species of fungi were isolated from homes, offices and hospitals respectively. High fungal count, were recorded in homes with moisture problems, low temperature and high relative humidity and homes located in high density areas. High cases of respiratory health problems were reported by occupants of these homes.
Conclusion: Improvement in housing and establishment of awareness programmes can be used to lower fungal load and health problems associated with dampness in homes.It is necessary to maintain and prevent the housekeeping activities that can predispose fungal concentration in indoor environment.