bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of digested flours from four different sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) root varieties on the composition and metabolic activity of human colonic microbiota in vitro
Authors: de Albuquerque Thatyane Mariano Rodrigues , Magnani Marciane , Lima Marcos dos Santos , Castellano Lúcio Roberto Cançado , de Souza Evandro Leite 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of flours from four different sweet potato root (SPR) varieties, being two with white peel and two with purple peel, on the composition and metabolic activity of human colonic microbiota in vitro. The capability of these SPR flours (20 g/L) to cause alterations in relative abundance of different bacterial groups found as part of human colonic microbiota, as well as in lactic acid and short‐chain fatty acid production was evaluated during 48 hr of an in vitro colonic fermentation. The SPR flours were submitted to a simulated gastrointestinal digestion prior to use in experiments. The four SPR flours increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus/Enterococcus (range: 0.49–4.48%) and Bifidobacterium (range: 0.32–3.27%) and decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroides/Prevotella (range: 0.29–7.49%), Clostridium histolyticum (range: 0.15–2.08%), and Eubacterium rectale/Clostridium coccoides (range: 0.28–3.86%) during the 48 hr of colonic fermentation. The four SPRF flours had positive prebiotic indexes (> 0.38) after 24 and 48 hr of colonic fermentation, reinforcing the occurrence of selective stimulatory effects on colonic microbiota. An increased metabolic activity of human colonic microbiota was caused by tested SPR flours, which was evidenced by decreased pH (range: 3.20–3.83) and increased lactic acid and short chain fatty acid production during the 48 hr of colonic fermentation. The four examined SPR flours were capable of causing positive alterations in composition and driving the metabolic activity of human colonic microbiota during in vitro colonic fermentation, which should be linked to their prebiotic properties.Practical ApplicationThe four examined sweet potato root flours (SPRF) caused beneficial alterations in composition besides of driving the metabolic activity of human colonic microbiota in vitro. These results characterize the examined SPRF as candidates for use as prebiotic ingredients by food industry for formulation of value‐added functional foods or dietary supplements.
Does Susceptibility to the Numerosity Heuristic Impact Juror Assessments of Auditors' Liability?*
Authors: Joe Jennifer R. , Luippold Benjamin L. , Sanderson Kerri‐Ann 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTWe provide evidence that regulatory guidance aimed at improving audit efficiency and effectiveness—allowing auditor reliance on a multi‐location client's competent and objective internal audit function (IAF)—can unintentionally increase auditors' litigation risk. Our research is important in demonstrating how client characteristics and juror cognitive processing, such as the number of client locations and jurors' susceptibility to the numerosity heuristic, factors beyond auditors' control, can exacerbate their litigation exposure. Consistent with theoretical predictions, we find that susceptibility to the numerosity heuristic contributes to jurors assessing an increased likelihood of misstatement on multi‐location compared to single‐location audits. Furthermore, these assessments of higher misstatement risk on multi‐location audits lead jurors to perceive that auditor reliance on the client's IAF in multi‐location audits is less appropriate (i.e., not normal). Accordingly, jurors judge that auditors are more negligent when they rely on the IAF during multi‐location audits than when they do not, but IAF reliance does not impact auditor negligence on single‐location audits. Our results suggest auditor reluctance to use a qualified IAF, despite client pressure and regulatory allowance, can provide potential benefits to firms in terms of reduced litigation exposure. Thus, we demonstrate the legal regime can undermine the objectives of regulators' guidance to enhance audit efficiency and corporate governance.
Associations between naloxone prescribing and opioid overdose among patients with acute and chronic pain conditions
Authors: Qeadan Fares , Madden Erin Fanning 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsTo assess whether naloxone prescribing in clinical contexts targeted pain patients most at risk for opioid overdose.DesignA retrospective cohort study using data from the Health Facts Database.SettingOver 600 United States healthcare facilities.ParticipantsThree patient groups were followed for 2 years during 2009 to 2017: individuals with shoulder or long bone fractures (n = 252 424), chronic pain syndrome (CPS) (n = 76 141), or non‐traumatic low back pain (n = 792 956) who received an opioid prescription. Groups were chosen based on previous work.MeasurementsThe outcome was opioid overdose identified by International Classification of Diseases codes (ICDs) and the primary predictor was number of naloxone prescriptions identified by National Drug Codes (NDCs).FindingsOpioid overdoses occurred among 0.16% of fracture patients (average follow‐up time to overdose [AFU] = 240 days), 1.28% of CPS patients (AFU = 244 days), and 0.30% low back pain patients (AFU = 264 days). A total of 58 083 bone fracture patients received naloxone prescriptions, and naloxone prescription was associated with subsequent opioid overdose (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.68–2.09), and number of subsequent overdoses (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.69–2.12). A total of 19 529 CPS patients received naloxone prescriptions, and naloxone prescription was associated with subsequent opioid overdose (HR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.61–1.78) and number of subsequent overdoses (IRR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.67–1.83). A total of 110 608 low back pain patients received naloxone prescriptions, and naloxone prescription was associated with subsequent opioid overdose (HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.27–1.40) and number of subsequent overdoses (IRR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.29–1.41).ConclusionsReceiving a naloxone prescription appears to be associated with increased risk of subsequent opioid overdose among patients with acute and chronic pain, suggesting prescribers often identify patients most in need of naloxone.
Antibody response after one and two jabs of the BNT162b2 vaccine in nursing home residents: The CONsort‐19 study
Authors: Blain Hubert , Tuaillon Edouard , Gamon Lucie , Pisoni Amandine , Miot Stéphanie , Rolland Yves , Picot Marie‐Christine , Bousquet Jean 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe humoral immune response following COVID‐19 vaccination in nursing home residents is poorly known. A longitudinal study compared levels of IgG antibodies against the spike protein (S‐RBD IgG) (S‐RDB protein IgG) after one and two BNT162b2/Pfizer jabs in residents with and without prior COVID‐19.MethodsIn 22 French nursing homes, COVID‐19 was diagnosed with real‐time reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for SARS‐CoV‐2. Blood S‐RDB‐protein IgG and nucleocapsid (N) IgG protein (N‐protein IgG) were measured 21–24 days after the first jab (1,004 residents) and 6 weeks after the second (820 residents).ResultsIn 735 residents without prior COVID‐19, 41.7% remained seronegative for S‐RDB‐protein IgG after the first jab vs. 2.1% of the 270 RT‐PCR‐positive residents (p < 0.001). After the second jab, 3% of the 586 residents without prior COVID‐19 remained seronegative. However, 26.5% had low S‐RDB‐protein IgG levels (50–1050 UA/ml) vs. 6.4% of the 222 residents with prior COVID‐19. Residents with an older infection (first wave), or with N‐protein IgG at the time of vaccination, had the highest S‐RDB‐protein IgG levels. Residents with a prior COVID‐19 infection had higher S‐RDB‐protein IgG levels after one jab than those without after two jabs.InterpretationA single vaccine jab is sufficient to reach a high humoral immune response in residents with prior COVID‐19. Most residents without prior COVID‐19 are seropositive for S‐RDB‐protein IgG after the second jab, but around 30% have low levels. Whether residents with no or low post‐vaccine S‐RDB protein IgG are at higher risk of symptomatic COVID‐19 requires further analysis.
The relationship of serum testosterone levels with the clinical course and prognosis of COVID‐19 disease in male patients: A prospective study
Authors: Cinislioglu Ahmet Emre , Cinislioglu Nazan , Demirdogen Saban Oguz , Sam Emre , Akkas Fatih , Altay Mehmet Sefa , Utlu Mustafa , Sen Irem Akin , Yildirim Fatih , Kartal Seyfi , Aydin Hasan Riza , Karabulut Ibrahim , Ozbey Isa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundA potential role of testosterone among sex hormones has been hypothesized in identifying sex‐related differences in the clinical consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Due to the high global prevalence of hypogonadism, the relationship between hypogonadism and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection outcomes deserves an in‐depth study.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the relationship of serum testosterone with other laboratory parameters on the prognosis of coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) in male patients with COVID‐19 diagnosis.Materials and methodsThis prospective cohort study included 358 male patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 and 92 COVID‐19 negative patients admitted to the urology outpatient clinics as a control group. The COVID‐19 patients were divided into groups according to prognosis (mild‐moderate and severe group), lung involvement in chest computed tomography (<50% and >50%), intensive care unit needs, and survival.ResultsThe measured serum total testosterone level of the COVID‐19 patients group was found to be significantly lower than that of the control group (median, 140 ng/dl; range, 0.21–328, 322 ng/dl; range, median, 125–674, p < 0.001, respectively). The serum TT levels were statistically significantly lower in severe COVID‐19 patients compared to mild‐moderate COVID‐19 patients (median, 85.1 ng/dl; range, 0.21–532, median, 315 ng/dl; range, 0.88–486, p < 0.001, respectively), in COVID‐19 patients in need of intensive care compared to COVID‐19 patients who did not need intensive care (median, 64.0 ng/dl; range, 0.21–337, median, 286 ng/dl; range, 0.88–532 p < 0.001, respectively), and in COVID‐19 patients who died compared to survivors (median, 82.9 ng/dl; range, 2.63–165, median, 166 ng/dl; range, 0.21–532, p < 0.001, respectively).Discussion and conclusionOur data are compatible with low TT levels playing a role on the pathogenesis of the disease in Covid‐19 patients with poor prognosis and a mortal course and may guide clinicians in determining the clinical course of the disease.
Methodological considerations in measuring specific force in human single skinned muscle fibres
Authors: Kalakoutis Michaeljohn , Di Giulio Irene , Douiri Abdel , Ochala Julien , Harridge Stephen D. R. , Woledge Roger C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChemically skinned fibres allow the study of human muscle contractile function in vitro. A particularly important parameter is specific force (SF), that is, maximal isometric force divided by cross‐sectional area, representing contractile quality. Although SF varies substantially between studies, the magnitude and cause of this variability remains puzzling. Here, we aimed to summarize and explore the cause of variability in SF between studies. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases in June 2020, yielding 137 data sets from 61 publications which studied healthy, young adults. Five‐fold differences in mean SF data were observed. Adjustments to the reported data for key methodological differences allowed between‐study comparisons to be made. However, adjustment for fibre shape, swelling and sarcomere length failed to significantly reduce SF variance (I2 = 96%). Interestingly, grouping papers based on shared authorship did reveal consistency within research groups. In addition, lower SF was found to be associated with higher phosphocreatine concentrations in the fibre activating solution and with Triton X‐100 being used as a skinning agent. Although the analysis showed variance across the literature, the ratio of SF in single fibres containing myosin heavy chain isoforms IIA or I was found to be consistent across research groups. In conclusion, whilst the skinned fibre technique is reliable for studying in vitro force generation of single fibres, the composition of the solution used to activate fibres, which differs between research groups, is likely to heavily influence SF values.
Predictors of drug survival: A cohort study comparing anti‐tumour necrosis factor agents using the Swedish inflammatory bowel disease quality register
Authors: Visuri Isabella , Eriksson Carl , Olén Ola , Cao Yang , Mårdberg Emelie , Grip Olof , Gustavsson Anders , Hjortswang Henrik , Karling Pontus , Montgomery Scott , Myrelid Pär ,   the SWIBREG study group, Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Halfvarson Jonas 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBackgroundWhether long‐term effectiveness differs between anti‐tumour necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) agents is unknown.AimsTo examine drug survival of first‐line anti‐TNF agents and identify predictors of discontinuation. To reduce channelling bias, we also compared drug survival of the second anti‐TNF.MethodsBiologic‐naïve patients (N = 955) recorded in the Swedish IBD Quality Register (SWIBREG) were examined. We used propensity score matching, comparing drug survival over up to three years of follow‐up. Cox regression estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsIn Crohn's disease, discontinuation because of lack/loss of response was 32% [95%CI = 26%‐38%] for infliximab versus 16% [95%CI = 11%‐21%] for adalimumab. Infliximab [vs adalimumab; aHR = 1.96; 95%CI = 1.20‐3.21] and colonic disease (L2) [vs no L2; aHR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.26‐3.75] were associated with higher discontinuation rates, whereas normalised CRP at three months [aHR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.19‒0.81] with a lower rate. Consistently, patients who switched from adalimumab to infliximab (vs infliximab to adalimumab) had earlier discontinuation (P = 0.04). Concomitant use of immunomodulators was associated with a lower adverse drug reaction‐mediated discontinuation rate [aHR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.28‐0.77], in part explained by fewer infusion reactions [aHR = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.08‐0.89]. In ulcerative colitis, the probability of discontinuation because of lack/loss of response was 40% [95% CI = 33%‐47%] for infliximab versus 37% [95% CI = 21%‐53%] for adalimumab. Disease duration ≥10 years [aHR = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.10‐0.58] and normalised CRP after three months [aHR = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.18‒0.84] were associated with lower discontinuation rates.ConclusionsClinical characterisation of patients may aid decision‐making on anti‐TNF treatment. The consistently shorter drug survival for infliximab (vs adalimumab) in Crohn's disease, suggests a potential difference between the two drugs.
Modifiable predictors of breastfeeding status and duration at 6 and 12 months postpartum
Authors: Xu Huilan , Marshall Sarah , Jones Jennifer M. , Phongsavan Philayrath , Wen Li Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundBreastfeeding practices are determined by complex multilevel factors. This study assessed pregnant women's knowledge of breastfeeding and intention to breastfeed and investigated modifiable predictors for breastfeeding status (exclusive or any breastfeeding) and duration at 6 and 12 months postpartum.Materials and MethodsLongitudinal data were extracted from a trial in Sydney, Australia, 2017‐19. Women (n = 1155) were recruited from antenatal clinics and followed up for telephone interviews at baseline (third trimester), then at 6 and 12 months postpartum. Data collected included mothers’ demographics; knowledge of breastfeeding and intention to breastfeed; work status; support from caregivers; breastfeeding environment; breastfeeding status and duration. Multiple logistic and Cox regression models were built to identify predictors for breastfeeding.ResultsAt baseline, most mothers knew the recommendation to exclusively breastfeed until 6 months (66%) and the benefits (65%). The modifiable predictors for breastfeeding duration at 12 months included the following: mothers’ knowledge of the recommendation (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60‐0.90) and the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding (AHR 0.68, 95% CI 0.55‐0.82), intention to meet the recommendation (AHR 0.76, 95% CI 0.63‐0.93), and intention to breastfeed for two years (AHR 0.38, 95% CI 0.27‐0.52) measured at baseline; mothers not working or studying (AHR 0.70, 95% CI 0.55‐0.89), having support from other caregivers (AHR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43‐0.96), and having breastfeeding women around (AHR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65‐0.98) measured at 6 months.ConclusionsSupport for women to meet the breastfeeding recommendations should commence during pregnancy and focus on breastfeeding education and enabling environments.
Child language brokering as a family care practice: Reframing the ‘parentified child’ debate
Authors: Crafter Sarah , Iqbal Humera 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the perspectives of 29 child language brokers living in the UK who interpret for their family following migration. They were presented with vignette stories depicting a potentially conflictual situation between a language broker, a parent and an adult ‘other’ in a position of power or authority. Drawing on debates about language brokering as a family care practice, the ‘parentified child’ and discussions about non‐normative childhoods, the analysis highlights how the role played by the adult ‘other’, coupled with a sometimes‐hostile sociocultural context, can exaggerate tensions or facilitate interactions in the parent–child relationship. The young people's views and experiences illuminate how they navigate these complexities.
The effect of overweight/obesity on diastolic function in children and adolescents: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Burden Samuel , Weedon Benjamin , Whaymand Luke , Rademaker Josefien , Dawes Helen , Jones Alexander 
Published: July 2021

SummaryLeft ventricular diastolic function (LVDF) is an important marker of early cardiovascular remodelling, which has not been well summarized in young people with overweight/obesity. Weighted, random‐effects regression was used to determine the strength of associations of both body mass index (BMI) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) with LVDF measures, adjusting for age and sex. Six databases were searched after PROSPERO registration (CRD42020177470) from inception to July 2020 for studies that compared LVDF between overweight/obesity and control groups aged ≤24 years, yielding 70 studies (9983 individuals). Quality and risk of bias were assessed using NHLBI tools, with scores of good, fair, and poor for 6, 48, and 16 studies, respectively. Increased BMI was associated with worse LVDF in all measures except early mitral inflow deceleration time, with septal early diastolic tissue peak velocity to late diastolic tissue peak velocity ratio having the strongest association (n = 13 studies, 1824 individuals; r = −0.69; P < 0.001). Elevated HOMA‐IR was also associated with worse LVDF. Although we could not determine the causality of reduced LVDF in young people, our findings should aid the development of paediatric guidelines for the assessment of LVDF and support further work to address the longitudinal consequences of childhood obesity and IR on LVDF.
Hyperpolarized 3helium MRI measured apparent diffusion coefficient and its correlations with pulmonary functions tests in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Meng Xian‐feng , Lin Qing‐yan , Yin Honglei , Li Zeng‐qi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluates role of hyperpolarized 3helium (3He) MRI measured apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in examining pulmonary function of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.MethodsAfter literature search in electronic databases, studies were selected by following precise eligibility criteria. Meta‐analyses were performed to estimate mean difference in ADC between COPD patients and healthy individuals and to seek correlations between lung ADC and pulmonary function. Metaregression analyses were performed to seek relationships between ADC and age, gender, BMI, cigarette pack‐years, and pulmonary function tests.ResultsTwenty‐five studies (622 COPD patients and 469 healthy controls) were included. Lung ADC was 0.402 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.374, 0.429) in COPD patients and 0.228 (95% CI: 0.205, 0.252) in healthy individuals (mean difference 0.160 [95% CI: 0.127, 0.193]; p < 0.001). In metaregression, age (coefficient: 0.006; p = 0.004), pack‐years (coefficient: 0.005; p = 0.018), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio (coefficient: −1.815; p = 0.007), percent predicted diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) (coefficient: −0.004; p = 0.008), and percent predicted inspiratory capacity (coefficient: −0.004; p = 0.012) were significantly associated with ADC in COPD patients. In meta‐analysis of correlation coefficients, ADC was significantly correlated with FEV1 (r = −0.62; p < 0.00001), FEV1/FVC (r = −0.80; p < 0.00001), DLCO (r = −0.85; p < 0.00001), functional residual capacity (r = 0.71; p < 0.00001), reserve volume (r = 0.53; p = 0.0001), and emphysema index (r = 0.89; p < 0.00001).ConclusionHyperpolarized 3He MRI measured ADC was higher in COPD patients than in healthy individuals and was inversely associated with FEV1, FEV1/FVC, DLCO, and inspiratory capacity.
Comparison between tools for measuring breathlessness: Cross‐sectional validation of the Japanese version of the Dyspnoea‐12
Authors: Nishimura Koichi , Oga Toru , Nakayasu Kazuhito , Taniguchi Hiroyuki , Ogawa Tomoya , Watanabe Fumiko , Arizono Shinichi , Kusunose Masaaki , Sanda Ryo , Shibayama Ayumi , Okamoto Sawako , Yorke Janelle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe Dyspnoea‐12 (D‐12) is a brief, easy to complete questionnaire for measuring breathlessness.ObjectivesTo facilitate further efforts to measure dyspnoea in real clinical settings, the authors aimed to develop and validate a Japanese version of the D‐12 and also compare the D‐12 with the Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI) and the Activity component of the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).MethodsThe standardized procedure in accordance with international guidelines was used to create the translation. A validation study with a cross‐sectional observational design was conducted on 122 subjects with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).ResultsThe internal consistency of the D‐12 was high (Cronbach's coefficient α = 0.883) and similar to that of the BDI (α = 0.824) and SGRQ Activity (α = 0.872). The relationships between tools were statistically significant (|Rs| = 0.53 to 0.66). Although the scores obtained from all three tools were skewed toward the milder end of the respective scales, this deviation was most prominent in the D‐12 with a floor effect of 48.4%.ConclusionThe Japanese version of the D‐12 was successfully validated, but we should be careful of any floor effect and marked skew to the mild end of the scale, especially in subjects with mild COPD.