bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actitudes y concepciones socioeducativas hacia jóvenes con diversidad funcional intelectual en el contexto escolar andaluz
Authors: Negri-Cortés María Isabel , Leiva-Olivencia Juan José 
Published: September 2021

Introducción. Las relaciones personales de la juventud con diversidad funcional intelectual (en adelante DFI) en los diferentes ámbitos de su vida escolar y personal son determinantes para su plena inclusión. Objetivo. Analizar las concepciones y actitudes socioeducativas que existen actualmente hacia el alumnado con DFI. Metodología. Se utilizó un diseño mixto de investigación, para el cual contamos con una muestra incidental de 38 docentes de seis centros de educación secundaria y 37 profesionales de nueve entidades sociales de apoyo a la inclusión de jóvenes con DFI de Málaga. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante dos cuestionarios ad hoc y un total de 18 entrevistas a diferentes agentes educativos del ámbito formal y no formal. Resultados. Existen ciertas dificultades en el sistema educativo para atender la diversidad; se delega la atención de este alumnado a profesionales de apoyo a la integración; las relaciones interpersonales de esta juventud suelen darse con otros compañeros y compañeras con necesidades educativas especiales (en adelante NEE), y son muy reducidas o basadas en burlas y acoso. El trato paternalista del profesorado dificulta su desarrollo autónomo e incide negativamente en su autoestima. Discusión. Se propone promover la autodeterminación de esta juventud, concienciando y sensibilizando a la comunidad educativa hacia concepciones positivas de la diversidad.
Imagining Polynesia
Authors: Hamilton Sue , Huke Hetereki , Seager Thomas Mike 
Published: September 2021

Rapa Nui’s prehistoric Polynesian heritage is iconic. From the later twentieth century the island’s economy has been dependent on the tourism its prehistory attracts. However, until recently there has been little link between the modern built environment of Rapa Nui and its prehistoric past. This article tracks how during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the island’s traditional domestic architecture was supplanted first by colonial then early modern Chilean architecture. The remains of this transformation are fast disappearing through contemporary demolition and an associated rejection of the past that the introduced architecture represents. We highlight how contemporary Rapa Nui architecture instead actively references its iconic prehistoric Polynesian past and positions Rapa Nui in a Polynesian context, for the first time detailing this trajectory and identifying how elements of past artistic and architectural traditions have become incorporated into the architecture of the present. Instead of presenting the intervening period as one of loss of traditional identity, this in fact emphasises a subtle continuity of Rapanui (indigenous Rapa Nui islander) identity. The study is relevant to exploring how the interacting demands and expectations of identity politics and heritage tourism (here in a Polynesian context) can impact on contemporary local architecture and the visitor milieu, reflecting modern concepts which promote the preservation of some architectures and cultural attributes over others.
Unidirectional crystallization and 3D structure of ternary four-component eutectic of B4C-NbB2-SiC system
Authors: Mazur V. , Bogomol Yu. , Upatov N. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose. To investigate the laws of crystallization and formation of 3D morphology of ternary eutectics in system B4C-NbB2-SiC.
Research methods. SEM (SE, BSE), РСМА (EDS, WDS), XRD.
Results. The micro- and macro-morphology of eutectic colonies in alloys of the system NbB2-SiC-В4С formed during directional crystallization have been investigated. The obtained patterns are embodied in a 3D structural model of (B4C+NbB2+SiC) eutectic cell and from these result, a microscopic kinetics of crystallization of this cell was proposed. The continuity of eutectic phase dendrites from nucleation to the end of growth and inadequacy of ideas about eutectic as a mechanical mixture of small crystals of eutectic phases were shown.
Scientific novelty. For the first time a 3D model of a three-phase 4-component eutectic cell of eutectic colony was built. For the first time the possibility of combined microscopic crystallization kinetics of a three-phase eutectics was revealed, including both paired cooperative microscopic kinetics of (SіC+ NbB2) growth and the kinetics of autonomous growth of the third eutectic phase B4C.
Practical value. Revealing the pattern of micro and macrostructure formation of a three-phase eutectics, which was formed in the course of directional crystallization, opens up technological prospects for purposeful control of the structure and properties of eutectic alloy due to the change of micro and macro morphological constituents, including the method of modification.
Comparison of the results of optical and electrophysical measurements of free electron density in n-GaAs samples doped with tellurium
Authors: Yugova T. G. , Belov A. G. , Kanevskii V. E. , Kladova E. I. , Knyazev S. N. 
Published: September 2021

A theoretical model has been developed that allows one to determine free electron density in n-GaAs from the characteristic points on far-infrared reflection spectra. It was shown that, in this case, it is necessary to take into account the plasmon-phonon coupling (otherwise, the electron density is overestimated). The calculated dependence of electron density, Nopt, on the characteristic wave number, ν+, which is described by a second degree polynomial, has been obtained.Twenty-five tellurium-doped gallium arsenide samples were used to measure the electron density in two ways: according to traditional four-contact Hall method (Van der Pauw method) and using the optical method we developed (measurements were carried out at room temperature). Based on the experimental results, the dependence was constructed of the electron density values obtained from the Hall data, NHall, on the electron density obtained by the optical method, Nopt. It is shown that this dependence is described by linear function. It is established that the data of optical and electrophysical measurements coincide if the electron density is Neq = 1.07 ⋅ 1018 cm-3, for lower values of the Hall density NHall < Nopt, and for large values NHall > Nopt. A qualitative model is proposed to explain the results. It has been suggested that tellurium atoms bind to vacancies of arsenic into complexes, as a result of which the electron density decreases. On the surface of the crystal, the concentration of arsenic vacancies is lower and, therefore, the condition Nopt > NHall should be satisfied. As the doping level increases, more and more tellurium atoms remain electrically active, so electron density in the volume begins to prevail over the surface one. However, with a further increase in the doping level, the ratio NHall/Nopt again decreases, tending to unity. This, probably, is due to the fact that the rate of decomposition of the complexes “tellurium atom + arsenic vacancy” decreases with increasing doping level.
Sars-Cov-2 Spike protein function prediction using a convolutional neural network ensemble
Authors: Fatma T. Ghanam Raghad Monther Eid, Eman K. Elsayed, 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 has become a worldwide pandemic that affects all aspects of life; therefore, numerous organizations and open exploration foundations focus their efforts on research for viable therapeutics. Given past experiences and involvement in SARS, the essential focus has been the Spike protein, considered as the perfect objective for COVID-19 immunotherapies. Most of the vaccines being developed target the spike proteins because this protein covers the virus and helps it invade human cells. Methods: Applications of deep neural network is a quickly expanding field now reaching many areas including proteomics. Results: To be precise, convolutional neural networks have been used for identifying the functional role of amino acid sequences, because of its ability to give nearly accurate results for multi-label classification problems. Here we present a modified convolutional deep learning model that can identify if a given amino acid sequence is a spike protein or not based on the length of the sequence and the function of the protein, that will be done with a short execution time and a relatively small error rate.
Conclusion: CNN is an efficient tool at supervised multilabel classification problems
In situmeasurement of seismic shear-wave absorption in the San Francisco Holocene Bay Mud by the pulse-broadening method
Authors: Liu Hsi-Ping , Warrick Richard E. , Westerlund Robert E. , Kayen Robert E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBy the pulse-broadening method, seismic absorption of San Francisco Holocene Bay Mud has been determined with the use of an impulsive shear-wave source at the surface, two receivers embedded in clay (Holocene Bay Mud), and digital seismic recording. The seismic anelastic quality factor is determined from 20 measurements to be 16.0 with a random error of ±0.9. Three sources of systematic error are examined. The fractional systematic error on the anelastic quality factor is estimated to be ∼ 11%. Details of experimental arrangement and error analysis are given.
The attenuation of seismic shear waves in quaternary alluvium in Santa Clara Valley, California
Authors: Gibbs James F. , Boore David M. , Joyner William B. , Fumal Thomas E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe used shear waves, generated by an air-powered source at the ground surface and recorded in a borehole, to estimate the shear-wave quality factor at strong-motion station Gilroy no. 2. We find similar values of Q using both the decay of the spectra with depth and the slope of the spectral ratio at two depths; we find no evidence of a frequency dependence of Q. The mean value of Q over the depth range 10 to 115 m is close to 10. The use of this value over the depth of the borehole and the observed travel time of 0.358 sec gives a cumulative attenuation factor t* of 0.036 sec for the upper 180 m of the Quaternary alluvium. This is comparable to the differential decay between Gilroy no. 2 and a rock site 1.9 km away (Gilroy no. 1), as measured from the decay of the high-frequency spectra of accelerograms from large earthquakes, plotted on a log-linear scale: t* = 0.05, 0.04, and 0.03 sec for the 1979 Coyote Lake, 1984 Morgan Hill, and 1989 Loma Prieta earthquakes, respectively. The similarity between the attenuations measured from the low-strain surface source and those from the larger amplitude earthquake sources suggests that increases of damping due to nonlinear wave propagation effects are limited.
Calibration of time history simulation methods
Authors: Atkinson Gail M. , Somerville Paul G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ground-motion time histories for use in engineering analyses of structures in eastern North America are often simulated from seismological models, owing to the paucity of real recordings in the magnitude and distance ranges of interest. Two simulation methods have been widely used in recent years: the stochastic method and the ray-theory method. In the stochastic method, as implemented in this study, ground motion is treated as filtered Gaussian noise whose underlying spectrum is determined from an empirical region-specific seismological model of the source and propagation processes. In the ray-theory method, as implemented in this study, the ground motions are simulated by convolving an empirical source function with theoretical Green's functions for a specified crustal structure model. This article compares results of the two simulation methods for four well-recorded “calibration” events and assesses the applicability of the methods. The assessment is based on comparisons of ground-motion parameters from the simulated data with those of the actual recordings.
Ground-motion parameters in the frequency range from 1 to 10 Hz are satisfactorily predicted by both methods. Averaged over the four events studied, the stochastic method underpredicts 1-Hz response spectra by 20 to 40% but accurately predicts response spectra for frequencies of greater than 2 Hz; it also accurately predicts peak ground acceleration and velocity. The wave-propagation method underpredicts 1-Hz response spectra by 10 to 40% but accurately predicts response spectra for higher frequencies; it overpredicts peak ground acceleration and velocity by 10 to 40%. Both methods are imprecise: the standard error of an estimate is a factor of about 2.2.
The bias and standard error of an estimate for the wave-propagation method are generally slightly lower than for the stochastic method, if the focal depth of the event can be specified (i.e., as for a past earthquake). If the focal depth of the event is not known (i.e., as for a future earthquake) then the accuracy and precision of the two methods are about the same. The chief advantage of the wave-propagation method is its predictive power; since its attenuation function is derived from the focal depth and crustal structure it does not require knowledge of the empirical attenuation function. The chief advantage of the stochastic model is its economy and simplicity.
Shear zones formed along long, straight traces of fault zones during the 28 June 1992 Landers, California, earthquake
Authors: Johnson Arvid M. , Fleming Robert W. , Cruikshank Kenneth M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Surface rupturing during the 28 June 1992 Landers, California, earthquake, east of Los Angeles, accommodated right-lateral offsets up to about 6 m along segments of distinct, en-echelon fault zones with a total length of 80 km. The offsets were accommodated generally not by faults—distinct slip surfaces—but rather by shear zones, tabular bands of localized shearing. Along simple stretches of fault zones at Landers the rupture is characterized by telescoping of shear zones and intensification of shearing: broad shear zones of mild shearing, containing narrow shear zones of more intense shearing, containing even narrower shear zones of very intense shearing, which may contain a fault. Thus the ground ruptured across broad belts of shearing with clearly defined, subparallel walls, oriented NW. Each broad belt consists of a broad zone of mild shearing, extending across its entire width (50 to 200 m), and much narrower (a few meters wide) shear zones that accommodate most of the offset of the belt and are portrayed by en-echelon tension cracks. In response to right-lateral shearing, the slices of ground bounded by the tension cracks rotated in a clockwise sense, producing left-lateral shearing, and the slices were forced against the walls of the shear zone, producing thrusting. Even narrower shear zones formed within the narrow shear zones. Although these probably are guides to right-lateral fault segments below, the surface rupturing during the earthquake is characterized not by faulting, but by the formation of shear zones at various scales.
Surface breakage of the 1992 Landers earthquake and its effects on structures
Authors: Lazarte Carlos A. , Bray Jonathan D. , Johnson Arvid M. , Lemmer Robert E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Landers, California, earthquake (Mw = 7.3) provides an exceptional opportunity to study surface rupture of an earthquake fault. Detailed maps of the lateral distribution of fracturing adjacent to main traces show that rupture patterns are much more complex than documented in past studies of surface ruptures. The rupture occurs in tabular zones, up to hundreds of meters wide. A main trace within each rupture zone accommodates much of the shear deformation, but considerable fracturing occurs throughout the tabular zone. The en-echelon pattern of fracturing in step-over zones between main traces is typically even more complex than those along major fault zones. Inspection of several on-grade concrete slabs indicates that unreinforced concrete foundations generally crack when subjected to distinct ground ruptures beneath them or when they are twisted because of differential ground movements across broad zones. Methods of mitigating the potential hazards associated with earthquake fault rupture are presented.
Continuous borehole strain in the San Andreas fault zone before, during, and after the 28 June 1992, MW 7.3 Landers, California, earthquake
Authors: Johnston M. J. S. , Linde A. T. , Agnew D. C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
High-precision strain was observed with a borehole dilational strainmeter in the Devil's Punchbowl during the 11:58 UT 28 June 1992 MW 7.3 Landers earthquake and the large Big Bear aftershock (MW 6.3). The strainmeter is installed at a depth of 176 m in the fault zone approximately midway between the surface traces of the San Andreas and Punchbowl faults and is about 100 km from the 85-km-long Landers rupture. We have questioned whether unusual amplified strains indicating precursive slip or high fault compliance occurred on the faults ruptured by the Landers earthquake, or in the San Andreas fault zone before and during the earthquake, whether static offsets for both the Landers and Big Bear earthquakes agree with expectation from geodetic and seismologic models of the ruptures and with observations from a nearby two-color geodimeter network, and whether postseismic behavior indicated continued slip on the Landers rupture or local triggered slip on the San Andreas. We show that the strain observed during the earthquake at this instrument shows no apparent amplification effects. There are no indications of precursive strain in these strain data due to either local slip on the San Andreas or precursive slip on the eventual Landers rupture. The observations are generally consistent with models of the earthquake in which fault geometry and slip have the same form as that determined by either inversion of the seismic data or inversion of geodetically determined ground displacements produced by the earthquake. Finally, there are some indications of minor postseismic behavior, particularly during the month following the earthquake.
On estimating the amount of blasts in seismic catalogs with Schuster's method
Authors: Rydelek Paul A. , Hass Lotte 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The events in a seismic catalog are represented by phasors of unit amplitude and with phase angles determined from the local time of occurrence of the events. A graphical display of the cumulative sum of these phasors reveals information about the distribution of the events in the catalog. The length of the resulting phasor walkout is used to test the catalog against the null hypothesis of random (Poissonian) seismicity. A statistically significant walkout in an otherwise complete catalog suggests nonrandom seismicity that could be due to the presence of misidentified blasts. We show how the length and orientation of the phasor walkout may be used in Schuster's method to estimate the amount of blast contamination in a catalog.
Parametric analysis and calibration of the STS-1 seismometer of the IRIS/IDA Seismographic Network
Authors: Fels Jean-Francois , Berger Jon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe have estimated the observed system response of STS-1 sensors installed at stations of the IRIS/IDA Seismographic Network using cross-spectral analysis of random binary calibration signals. Systematic deviations of up to 1% in amplitude and 1° in phase between the measured and the manufacturers “nominal” responses are observed in the range 0.2 to 100 mHz and up to 12% in amplitude and 5° in phase for frequencies above 5 Hz. A parametric analysis of the STS-1 seismometer is developed that leads to a more complete pole and zero model of the sensor, accounting accurately both for small changes in individual instrument parameters and for the effects of an incomplete compensation of the mechanical response by the feedback circuit. This model is then used to fit the observed responses with a precision of 0.2% for the amplitude and 0.1° for the phase over the entire useful bandwidth of the instrument.
Six-degree-of-freedom ground-motion measurement
Authors: Nigbor Robert L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
True six-degree-of-freedom (6DOF) measurement of free-field strong ground motion has been accomplished using a prototype 6DOF accelerograph system. This system consists of a traditional triaxial translational accelerometer, three new rotational velocity sensors, and a digital data logger.
Rotational and translational ground motions at a single free-field location were measured successfully during the recent NPE event, a very large (1 kton) chemical explosion. Peak vertical acceleration at the near-field measurement site exceeded 1g for this event; the peak measured rotational velocity was 2.2°/sec. Earthquake strong-ground-motion measurements are currently in progress.
Rayleigh-wave scattering at various wedge corners: Investigation in the wider range of wedge angles
Authors: Fujii Kazunari 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A mathematically simple procedure was developed that secures a great increase in the range of wedge angles for which numerical computation of the reflection and transmission coefficients of Rayleigh waves in a wedge-shaped medium can be performed. Whereas in previous research the range of angles in such a medium for which computation was possible was treated as necessarily lying between 72° and 108°, the present procedure extends that range to between 36° and 180°. Furthermore, by completely separating the poles located on the original integral path, it becomes possible to perform numerical calculations on the original path itself. The numerical results thus obtained were found to coincide almost perfectly with experimental ones. It is pointed out that in cases of wedge angles exceeding 180°, the present procedure allows a greater extension of the computable range than was previously possible. Moreover, the features of scattered body waves inside wedges are discussed over the wide range of wedge angles.
Artificial neural network-based seismic detector
Authors: Wang Jin , Teng Ta-Liang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An artificial neural network-based pattern classification system is applied to seismic event detection. We have designed two types of Artificial Neural Detector (AND) for real-time earthquake detection. Type A artificial neural detector (AND-A) uses the recursive STA/LTA time series as input data, and type B (AND-B) uses moving window spectrograms as input data to detect earthquake signals. The two AND's are trained under supervised learning by using a set of seismic recordings, and then the trained AND's are applied to another set of recordings for testing. Results show that the accuracy of the artificial neural network-based seismic detectors is better than that of the conventional algorithms solely based on the STA/LTA threshold. This is especially true for signals with either low signal-to-noise ratio or spikelike noises.