bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Emergence of Early Disposition Procedures in International Arbitration
Authors: Wallach David L 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
International arbitral institutions have begun adding early disposition procedures to their rules. This began as a trickle in 2006 when the ICDR became the first institution to add an early disposition rule. It has turned into a flood, with seven major institutions adding procedures in the past five years. There are important differences among the early disposition procedures adopted by various institutions, but those procedures share certain characteristics. They generally impose a high standard of review that must be satisfied to obtain early disposition. Further, many institutions’ procedures are limited in the types of issues that can be raised and the time within which an application for early disposition must be made and disposed of. The absence of early disposition procedures has long been a weakness of international arbitration. The advent of these procedures is one of the most significant shifts in international arbitration procedure in recent memory. This article charts the emergence to early disposition procedures and the arguments for and against them. It reviews the procedures adopted to date and compares them with one another. Finally, it concludes with some reflections on current early disposition procedures and ideas for their further development.
Performance comparison of the solar-driven supercritical organic Rankine cycle coupled with the vapour-compression refrigeration cycle
Authors: Khan Yunis , Mishra Radhey Shyam 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, a parametric analysis was performed of a supercritical organic Rankine cycle driven by solar parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) coupled with a vapour-compression refrigeration cycle simultaneously for cooling and power production. Thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, exergy destruction and the coefficient of performance of the cogeneration system were considered to be performance parameters. A computer program was developed in engineering equation-solver software for analysis. Influences of the PTC design parameters (solar irradiation, solar-beam incidence angle and velocity of the heat-transfer fluid in the absorber tube), turbine inlet pressure, condenser and evaporator temperature on system performance were discussed. Furthermore, the performance of the cogeneration system was also compared with and without PTCs. It was concluded that it was necessary to design the PTCs carefully in order to achieve better cogeneration performance. The highest values of exergy efficiency, thermal efficiency and exergy destruction of the cogeneration system were 92.9%, 51.13% and 1437 kW, respectively, at 0.95 kW/m2 of solar irradiation based on working fluid R227ea, but the highest coefficient of performance was found to be 2.278 on the basis of working fluid R134a. It was also obtained from the results that PTCs accounted for 76.32% of the total exergy destruction of the overall system and the cogeneration system performed well without considering solar performance.
Zero-emission public transit could be a catalyst for decarbonization of the transportation and power sectors
Authors: Ku Anthony Y , de Souza Andrew , McRobie Jordan , Li Jimmy X , Levin Jaimie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Reaching carbon neutrality will require investment on an unprecedented scale. Here we suggest that there is an underappreciated opportunity to leverage public funds to mobilize private capital in support of these aims. We illustrate the point using examples from public transit. Although the fuelling energy requirements of public fleets represent a small fraction of the eventual total demand across the transportation sector, the predictable and long-term nature of the refuelling profiles can reduce the financing risk. With appropriate coordination across the energy supply chain, near-term investments can be used to support scale-up of wider efforts to decarbonize the transportation sector and electric grid. We present two examples from California—one related to overnight power for battery electric bus charging and the other related to medium-scale supply chains for zero-carbon hydrogen production—to illustrate how this might be achieved.
Economic Contributions from Conserved Forests: Four Case Studies of the USDA Forest Service Forest Legacy Program
Authors: Murray Helena , Catanzaro Paul , Markowski-Lindsay Marla , Butler Brett J , Eichman Henry 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Privately-owned forests provide important environmental, economic, and cultural benefits to the general public. Resulting impacts from landownership changes and conversion of working forests to other land uses threaten these benefits. The USDA Forest Service Forest Legacy Program (FLP) permanently protects threatened private forests that are of environmental, cultural, and economic importance to the greater public while keeping land ownership and forest management at the private or local level. FLP provides grants to state agencies to purchase conservation easements on private forestlands or, less frequently, acquisition by public agencies. We employed IMPLAN’s input-output model of the 2016 economy to estimate how land protected by FLP in four regions of the United States contributes to the economy. FLP land adds tens of millions of dollars of value annually and supports thousands of jobs in the four study areas and, due to the permanent protection of these lands, they will continue to do so in perpetuity. Nonfederal partners contributed 34%–60% of total project costs, highlighting the importance of land conservation to multiple stakeholders and the ability to leverage federal resources. The permanent nature of FLP protection provides long-term security for the economic and cultural benefits these lands provide.
Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Cardiometabolic Health: A Test of the John Henryism Hypothesis in African American Older Adults
Authors: Zilioli Samuele , Gómez Jennifer M , Jiang Yanping , Rodriguez-Stanley Jacqueline 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
John Henryism (JH) is a form of active high-effort coping. Low-socioeconomic status (SES) African Americans adopting JH to deal with structural racism and other chronic stressors might be more likely to display cardiovascular disease risk factors. Previous tests of this hypothesis have mostly focused on the moderating role of current SES and hypertension as the outcome variable. Furthermore, most of the previous work has been conducted among young and middle-aged adults. This study aimed at extending work on the JH hypothesis by testing the combined effect of JH and childhood SES on metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation among African American older adults.

Methods
One hundred seventy urban African American older adults (Mage = 67.64 years, 75.9% female) were recruited. Participants completed questionnaires assessing JH, childhood SES, and other variables used as covariates (ie, demographic information, chronic conditions, medication use, and health behaviors). Blood pressure, waist circumference, and blood were also collected. Triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A1C, and C-reactive protein levels were measured from the blood samples.

Results
JH was positively associated with metabolic syndrome symptoms among participants reporting low childhood SES levels, but not among those reporting high childhood SES levels. The same pattern did not emerge when we considered current SES. Similar patterns of results did not emerge as far as systemic inflammation was concerned.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the importance of considering the joint impact of objective conditions early in life and individual psychological proclivities in explaining increased risk for cardiovascular disease risk in this population.
Simulating rhizodeposition patterns around growing and exuding root systems
Authors: Landl Magdalena , Haupenthal Adrian , Leitner Daniel , Kroener Eva , Vetterlein Doris , Bol Roland , Vereecken Harry , Vanderborght Jan , Schnepf Andrea 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel model approach to compute the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of rhizodeposits around growing root systems in three dimensions. This model approach allows us to study the evolution of rhizodeposition patterns around complex three-dimensional root systems. Root systems were generated using the root architecture model CPlantBox. The concentration of rhizodeposits at a given location in the soil domain was computed analytically. To simulate the spread of rhizodeposits in the soil, we considered rhizodeposit release from the roots, rhizodeposit diffusion into the soil, rhizodeposit sorption to soil particles and rhizodeposit degradation by microorganisms. To demonstrate the capabilities of our new model approach, we performed simulations for the two example rhizodeposits mucilage and citrate and the example root system Vicia faba. The rhizodeposition model was parameterized using values from the literature. Our simulations showed that the rhizosphere soil volume with rhizodeposit concentrations above a defined threshold value (i.e. the rhizodeposit hotspot volume) exhibited a maximum at intermediate root growth rates. Root branching allowed the rhizospheres of individual roots to overlap, resulting in a greater volume of rhizodeposit hotspots. This was particularly important in the case of citrate, where overlap of rhizodeposition zones accounted for more than half of the total rhizodeposit hotspot volumes. Coupling a root architecture model with a rhizodeposition model allowed us to get a better understanding of the influence of root architecture as well as rhizodeposit properties on the evolution of the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of rhizodeposits around growing root systems.
Geographical Variations of the Minimum Mortality Temperature at a Global Scale
Authors: Tobías Aurelio , Hashizume Masahiro , Honda Yasushi , Sera Francesco , Ng Chris Fook Sheng , Kim Yoonhee , Roye Dominic , Chung Yeonseung , Dang Tran Ngoc , Kim Ho , Lee Whanhee , Íñiguez Carmen , Vicedo-Cabrera Ana , Abrutzky Rosana , Guo Yuming , Tong Shilu , Coelho Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio , Saldiva Paulo Hilario Nascimento , Lavigne Eric , Correa Patricia Matus , Ortega Nicolás Valdés , Kan Haidong , Osorio Samuel , Kyselý Jan , Urban Aleš , Orru Hans , Indermitte Ene , Jaakkola Jouni J. K. , Ryti Niilo R. I. , Pascal Mathilde , Huber Veronika , Schneider Alexandra , Katsouyanni Klea , Analitis Antonis , Entezari Alireza , Mayvaneh Fatemeh , Goodman Patrick , Zeka Ariana , Michelozzi Paola , de’Donato Francesca , Alahmad Barrak , Diaz Magali Hurtado , De la Cruz Valencia César , Overcenco Ala , Houthuijs Danny , Ameling Caroline , Rao Shilpa , Di Ruscio Francesco , Carrasco Gabriel , Seposo Xerxes , Nunes Baltazar , Madureira Joana , Holobaca Iulian-Horia , Scovronick Noah , Acquaotta Fiorella , Forsberg Bertil , Åström Christofer , Ragettli Martina S. , Guo Yue-Liang Leon , Chen Bing-Yu , Li Shanshan , Colistro Valentina , Zanobetti Antonella , Schwartz Joel , Dung Do Van , Armstrong Ben , Gasparrini Antonio 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Minimum mortality temperature (MMT) is an important indicator to assess the temperature-mortality association, indicating long-term adaptation to local climate. Limited evidence about the geographical variability of the MMT is available at a global scale.

Methods:
We collected data from 658 communities in 43 countries under different climates. We estimated temperature-mortality associations to derive the MMT for each community using Poisson regression with distributed lag nonlinear models. We investigated the variation in MMT by climatic zone using a mixed-effects meta-analysis and explored the association with climatic and socioeconomic indicators.

Results:
The geographical distribution of MMTs varied considerably by country between 14.2 and 31.1 °C decreasing by latitude. For climatic zones, the MMTs increased from alpine (13.0 °C) to continental (19.3 °C), temperate (21.7 °C), arid (24.5 °C), and tropical (26.5 °C). The MMT percentiles (MMTPs) corresponding to the MMTs decreased from temperate (79.5th) to continental (75.4th), arid (68.0th), tropical (58.5th), and alpine (41.4th). The MMTs indreased by 0.8 °C for a 1 °C rise in a community’s annual mean temperature, and by 1 °C for a 1 °C rise in its SD. While the MMTP decreased by 0.3 centile points for a 1 °C rise in a community’s annual mean temperature and by 1.3 for a 1 °C rise in its SD.

Conclusions:
The geographical distribution of the MMTs and MMTPs is driven mainly by the mean annual temperature, which seems to be a valuable indicator of overall adaptation across populations. Our results suggest that populations have adapted to the average temperature, although there is still more room for adaptation.
Environmental risk factors for reduced kidney function due to undetermined cause in India
Authors: Hamilton Sophie A. , Jarhyan Prashant , Fecht Daniela , Venkateshmurthy Nikhil Srinivasapura , Pearce Neil , Venkat Narayan Kabayam M. , Ali Mohammed K. , Mohan Viswanathan , Tandon Nikhil , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Mohan Sailesh 
Published: September 2021

Background:
An epidemic of chronic kidney disease is occurring in rural communities in low-income and middle-income countries that do not share common kidney disease risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension. This chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology occurs primarily in agricultural communities in Central America and South Asia. Consequently, environmental risk factors including heat stress, heavy metals exposure, and low altitude have been hypothesized as risk factors. We conducted an environmental epidemiological analysis investigating these exposures in India which reports the disease.

Methods:
We used a random sample population in rural and urban sites in Northern and Southern India in 2010, 2011, and 2014 (n = 11,119). We investigated associations of the heat index, altitude, and vicinity to cropland with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using satellite-derived data assigned to residential coordinates. We modeled these exposures with eGFR using logistic regression to estimate the risk of low eGFR, and linear mixed models (LMMs) to analyze site-specific eGFR-environment associations.

Results:
Being over 55 years of age, male, and living in proximity to cropland was associated with increased risk of low eGFR [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.24 (1.43, 3.56), 2.32 (1.39, 3.88), and 1.47 (1.16, 2.36)], respectively. In LMMs, vicinity to cropland was associated with low eGFR [−0.80 (−0.44, −0.14)]. No associations were observed with temperature or altitude.

Conclusions:
Older age, being male, and living in proximity to cropland were negatively associated with eGFR. These analyses are important in identifying subcommunities at higher risk and can help direct future environmental investigations.
miR-24 Alleviates MI/RI by Blocking the S100A8/TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB Pathway
Authors: Yang Jian , Xiang Zujin , Zhang Jing , Yang Jun , Zhai Yuhong , Fan Zhixing , Wang Huibo , Wu Jingyi , Huang Yifan , Xiong Mengting , Ma Cong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Although inflammation plays an important role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI), an anti-inflammatory treatment with a single target has little clinical efficacy because of the multifactorial disorders involved in MI/RI. MicroRNAs (miR-24) can achieve multitarget regulation in several diseases, suggesting that this factor may have ideal effects on alleviation of MI/RI. In the present study, bioinformatics method was used to screen potential therapeutic targets of miR-24 associated with MI/RI. Three days before ischemia/reperfusion surgery, rats in the ischemia/reperfusion, miR-24, and adenovirus-negative control groups were injected with saline, miR-24, and adenovirus-negative control (0.1 mL of 5 × 109 PFU/mL), respectively. Myocardial enzymes, myocardial infarct size, cardiac function, and the possible molecular mechanism were subsequently analyzed. In contrast to the level of S100A8, the level of miR-24 in myocardial tissue was significantly reduced after 30 minutes of ischemia followed by reperfusion for 2 hours. Overexpression of miR-24 reduced the myocardial infarction area and improved the heart function of rats 3 days after MI/RI. Moreover, miR-24 inhibited infiltration of inflammatory cells in the peri-infarction area and decreased creatine kinase myocardial band and lactate dehydrogenase release. Interestingly, miR-24 upregulation reduced S100A8 expression, followed by inhibition of toll-like receptor 4/MyD-88/nuclear factor-k-gene binding signaling activation. In conclusion, miR-24 can alleviate MI/RI via inactivation of the S100A8/toll-like receptor 4/MyD-88/nuclear factor-k-gene binding signaling pathway.
Backward Estimation of Atmospheric Release of 137Cs and 131I Using Total Cumulative Deposition in Terrestrial Areas Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident
Authors: Iijima Masashi , Takahara Shogo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident caused a significant release of radionuclides into the environment. It is important to explore the timing and amount of radioactive release to terrestrial areas in order to clarify the consequences of the accident, including the dose received by the population living in the areas affected by the accident. In general, backward estimations are performed using air concentrations of radionuclides, but they are difficult to measure when radioactive plumes are passing through, and only spatially and temporally limited measurements are available. Therefore, a new method of backward estimation was developed based on the total cumulative deposition density, which can provide sufficient data in the environment by combining the atmospheric transport, dispersion, and deposition model calculations. Consequently, our estimations show that a major release of 137Cs and 131I occurred on 15, 20, 21, 22, 25, and 30 March 2011, after the accident. The amounts of release estimated by our new method for 137Cs and 131I were 4.9 × 1015 Bq and 120 × 1015 Bq, respectively. These results have no significant contradiction with the estimated results by the previous studies that were based on air concentrations and air dose rates that were measured in terrestrial areas. It was found that our new method is applicable for backward estimation oriented to the dose assessment for the people living in terrestrial areas.
Prognostic Impact of Prediabetes on Patient Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Single-center Cohort Study
Authors: Fallahzadeh Aida , Sheikhy Ali , Hosseini Kaveh , Sadeghian Saeed , Vasheghani Farahani Ali , Salehi Omran Abbas , Pashang Mina , Masoudkabir Farzad , Shirzad Mahmoud , Bagheri Jamshid , Tavolinejad Hamed , Tajdini Masih 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Prediabetes, as a precursor stage, has an important role in development of overt diabetes as well as coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between prediabetes and adverse outcomes (major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events [MACCE] and all-cause mortality) in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods:
In this prospective study, we included 3754 patients with CAD who underwent elective isolated CABG between January 2016 to January 2020. Patients were categorized based on their glycemic status at the time of CABG as follows: diabetics (n = 2707), prediabetics (n = 471), and nondiabetics (n = 576). Primary endpoints were occurrence of all-cause mortality and MACCE.

Results:
We studied 3754 patients for a median of 32.25 months after CABG. MACCE occurred in 474 (12.6%) patients. After adjusting for potential confounders, diabetic patients had a higher risk of MACCE (hazard ratio [HR] 1.69; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.24-2.29) and death (HR 2.33, 95% CI, 1.45-3.7) compared with nondiabetic and prediabetic ones. However, patients with prediabetes had lower HR of MACCE, but the association was nonsignificant (HR 1.02; 95% CI, 0.67-1.56).

Conclusions:
Diabetes is significantly associated with higher risk of mortality and MACCE; however, prediabetes did not show a prognostic impact in terms of overall and MACCE-free survival.
Research Letter: Concussion Knowledge Is Difficult to Predict From Self-Reported Exposure, Sports Participation, and Education
Authors: Kinmond Sally , Sullivan Karen A. , Jaganathan Kannan Singaravelu 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
Increasing concussion knowledge could contribute to improving injury outcomes. Understanding the predictors of concussion knowledge could determine the areas of educational need. This study examined whether individual factors, prior brain injury, prior concussion education, and contact-sports participation predicted concussion knowledge.

Design and Setting:
Cross-sectional study with recruitment of community volunteers.

Participants:
An online survey was completed by 525 adults, 443 of whom provided useable responses.

Main Measures:
The respondents provided background information and completed the Concussion Knowledge Index from the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (RoCKAS).

Results:
On average, the participants answered 19.8 out of 25 items correctly. A multiple regression model with demographic, injury, and sport-related variables did not significantly predict concussion knowledge.

Conclusion:
This community sample had higher than expected concussion knowledge (restricted range), but some important misconceptions were still present. The model reflecting a combination of self-reported factors did not predict concussion knowledge. The implications for concussion education are discussed, including the need for targeted education to address specific misconceptions.
Effect of Repeated Topical Povidone-Iodine and Antibiotic Applications on Meibomian Glands and Ocular Surface Parameters in Patients With Repeated Intravitreal Injections
Authors: Polat Osman A. , Çetinkaya Zekeriya , Evereklioğlu Cem , Karaca Çağatay , Erkiliç Kuddusi 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
To assess whether meibomian glands and ocular surface parameters are affected by repeated topical povidone-iodine and antibiotic applications in patients with repeated intravitreal injections.

Methods:
Forty-five patients with at least three previous intravitreal injections and 28 healthy controls were included in the study. In the injection group, 21 patients had age-related macular degeneration and 24 patients had diabetic macular edema. For each participant, infrared meibography for the upper and lower eyelids and noninvasive tear break-up time calculation were performed with a corneal topographer. Fluorescein tear break-up time and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores were also obtained. Noninvasive tear break-up time, fluorescein tear break-up time, and OSDI scores were recorded for each participant and compared between the injection and control groups. These parameters were also compared as a subgroup analysis between patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME).

Results:
Upper lid meibomian gland loss, lower lid meibomian gland loss ratios, and OSDI scores were significantly higher in the intravitreal injection group compared with the control group (P=0.004, P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). Fluorescein tear break-up time and noninvasive tear break-up time were significantly lower in the intravitreal injection group compared with the control group (P<0.001, P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the AMD and DME groups for these parameters.

Conclusion:
This study showed for the first time that meibomian gland losses were significantly increased by repeated povidone-iodine and antibiotic applications in patients with repeated intravitreal injections. Ocular surface parameters were altered with higher ocular surface symptoms in those patients.