bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ceftazidime/avibactam resistance is associated with different mechanisms in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains
Authors: Cavallini Sara , Unali Ilaria , Bertoncelli Anna , Cecchetto Riccardo , Mazzariol Annarita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study focused on Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates that were resistant or had low susceptibility to a combination of ceftazidime/avibactam. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying this resistance. A total of 24 multi-drug resistant isolates of K. pneumoniae were included in the study. The phenotypic determination of carbapenemase presence was based on the CARBA NP test. NG-Test CARBA 5 was also performed, and it showed KPC production in 22 out 24 strains. The molecular characterisation of blaKPC carbapenemase gene, ESBL genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV) and porin genes ompK35/36 was performed using the PCR. Finally, ILLUMINA sequencing was performed to determine the presence of genetic mutations.Various types of mutations in the KPC sequence, leading to ceftazidime/avibactam resistance, were detected in the analysed resistant strains. We observed that KPC-31 harboured the D179Y mutation, the deletion of the amino acids 167–168, and the mutation of T243M associated with ceftazidime/avibactam resistance. The isolates that did not present carbapenemase alterations were found to have other mechanisms such as mutations in the porins. The mutations both on the KPC-3 enzyme and in the porins confirmed, that diverse mechanisms confer resistance to ceftazidime/avibactam in K. pneumoniae.
Glioblastoma: a molecular genetic portrait and modern therapeutic strategies for drug treatment
Authors: Guens G. P. , Sanikovich V. D. , Mileyko V. A. , Lebedeva A. A. 
Published: November 2021

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system. Despite the existing modern complex therapy and advances in the study of molecular genetic changes in this tumor, the prognosis for patients with glioblastoma is one of the most unfavorable in oncology. This overview reviews existing therapeutic agents and clinical studies of potential drugs for the treatment of patients with glioblastoma multiforme.Next-generation sequencing has become firmly established in the clinical practice of oncologists and allows detecting gene mutations in tumor cells, some of which can serve as targets for therapy. Glioblastoma is characterized by a large number of potentially targeted molecular genetic disorders. As in the case of other solid tumors, targeted and immunotherapy for glioblastomas is being actively studied, including the combination of drugs with physical methods of exposure. To date, new treatment methods of glioblastoma, including antiangiogenic therapy, immunotherapy, oncolytic viral therapy and gene therapy still have uncertain or very modest clinical results. There are many reasons for the lack of progress in the treatment of glioblastoma – from the banal inability of most molecules to overcome the blood-brain barrier to the wide genetic heterogeneity of these tumors. The most promising direction of studies is immunotherapy. But at this stage, we cannot say that there is an effective monotherapy for glioblastoma. The combination treatment with radiation therapy and chemotherapy increases the mutational load, the expression of stress and other factors, therefore, the researchers pin great hopes on the combined methods of treatment.
Mucociliary apparatus of the fallopian tubes and related pathogenetic aspects contributing to infertility and prospects for correction (analytical review)
Authors: Kobylyansky V. I. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The mucociliary apparatus (MCA) of the fallopian tubes (MTр) represents one of the key mechanisms and arms in functioning of female reproductive system. A prominent role of impaired MCA in the pathogenesis of reproductive system diseases and infertility, on the one hand, as well as insufficient knowledge and elucidation of this topic, on the other hand, spurred current study.Aim: to improve our understanding about a role for reproductive system MCA and its impairment in developing diseases and infertility, as well as to identify potential perspectives for their correction.Materials and Methods. We searched for publications and analyzed literature data from 1980 to 2020 using various scientific databases, including Index Medicus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Russian scholarly journals related to gynecology, obstetrics and reproduction.Results. The analysis conducted allowed to originally assess the morpho-functional, structural-genetic features and other important aspects of MCA MTр. In addition, we demonstrated an impact of various factors on developing diverse types of pathological processes, including those capable of causing infertility. Moreover, we also elucidated a state of MCA MTр coupled to various diseases, including genetically determined disorders.Conclusion. The role of impaired MCA MTр in developing pathological process and infertility was of tremendous importance and deserves close attention, because they are often remained undiagnosed by standard methods and require use of morphological and functional research methods for verification. Perspectives for diagnostics and correction of MCA MTр disorders are further discussed.
Prophylaxis and management of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and postpartum period
Authors: Khryshchanovich V. Ya. , Skobeleva N. Ya. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the lead causes for maternal mortality and morbidity during pregnancy in the majority of developed countries. The incidence rate of VTE per pregnancy-year increases during pregnancy and postpartum period about by 4-fold and at least 14-fold, respectively.Aim: to analyze and summarize current view on risk factors of thrombotic events during gestation and to discuss recent guidelines for the management of venous thromboembolic complications during pregnancy and postpartum, by taking into account a balance between risks and benefits of using anticoagulants.Materials and Methods. The literature search covering the last 10 years was carried out in the electronic scientific databases RSCI, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Embase. While formulating a search strategy for evidence-based information, the PICO method (P = Patient; I = Intervention; C = Comparison; O = Outcome) and the key terms “venous thromboembolism” and “pregnancy” were used.Results. Risk factors were found to include a personal history of VTE, verified inherited or acquired thrombophilia, a family history of VTE and general medical conditions, such as immobilization, overweight, varicose veins, some hematological diseases and autoimmune disorders. VTE is considered being potentially preventable upon prophylactic administration of anticoagulants, but no high confidence randomized clinical trials comparing diverse strategies of thromboprophylaxis in pregnant women have been proposed so far. Because heparins do not cross the placenta, weight-adjusted therapeutic-dose low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) represent the anticoagulant treatment of choice for VTE during pregnancy. Once- and twice-daily dosing regimens are acceptable. However, no evidence suggesting benefits for measurement of factor Xa activities and consecutive LMWH dose adjustments to improve clinical outcomes are available. In case of uncomplicated pregnancy-related VTE, no routine administration of vitamin K antagonists, direct thrombin or factor Xa inhibitors, fondaparinux, or danaparoid is recommended. Lactating women may switch from applying LMWH to warfarin. Anticoagulation therapy should be continued for 6 weeks postpartum with total duration lasting at least for 3 months.Conclusion. VTE is a challenging task in pregnant women expecting to apply a multi-faceted approach for its efficient solution by taking into account updated recommendations and personalized patient-oriented features.
Pathogenetically justified tactics of management of pregnancy with retrochorial hematoma
Authors: Sultangadzhieva K. G. , Babaeva N. N. , Egorova E. S. , Khizroeva J. Kh. , Sultangadzhiev M. G. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Retrochorial hematoma (RH) often detected during routine ultrasound examination represents one of the multiple causes resulting in early pregnancy loss. RH results from the detachment of the chorionic plate from the vertebrae of the uterine decidual membrane and may lead to complicated course of pregnancy.Aim: to develop a differential approach to diagnose and manage pregnancy with RH.Materials and Methods. A prospective open-ended interventional non-randomized study was conducted by enrolling 170 women. The main group consisted of 85 pregnant women with RH, which were divided into 2 groups: group I (n = 45) – patients with RH and burdened obstetric history; and group II (n = 40) – pregnant women with RH without a history of obstetric complications. The control group included 85 women with uncomplicated pregnancy. The incidence of hereditary thrombophilia was assessed by measuring rate of high thrombogenic risk mutations in the genes of factor (F) V Leiden and prothrombin (FII) G20210A; blood levels of lupus anticoagulant (LA) and anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCL), β2-glycoprotein 1 (β2-GP1), annexin V and prothrombin; ADAMTS-13; rate of low thrombogenic risk polymorphisms, prevalence and spectrum of bacterial-viral infections.Results. It was revealed that women with RH had occasional genetic and acquired hemostasis defects as well as impaired florocenosis of the urogenital tract. Defects in the fibrinolysis system prevailed among the hereditary hemostasis defects: 75.5 % in group I, 32.2 % in group II, and 4.7 % in the control group. No decrease in the activity of natural anticoagulants – antithrombin and protein C was found. Among the acquired thrombophilic conditions, a large proportion of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) was found: 46.6 % in group I, 27.5 % in group II, and 2.3 % in the control group. Cervicitis of nonspecific etiology prevailed among dysbiosis signs: 53.3 % in group I, 47.5 % in group II and 11.7 % in the control group.Conclusion. RG formation is a multifactorial process, which pathogenesis involves both genetic and acquired factors such as APA, especially in combination with genetic thrombophilia (FV Leiden and FII G20210A), as well as inflammatory or pro-inflammatory status. We consider that all patients with RG as well as those with former RG are indicated to undergo the above-mentioned studies. It is advisable to include tranexamic acid, progesterone, low molecular weight heparins and antibiotics in the therapy regimen if indicated.
How Good is a Paleoseismic Record of Megathrust Earthquakes for Probabilistic Forecasting?
Authors: Acuña Francisco , Montalva Gonzalo A. , Melnick Daniel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Time-dependent earthquake forecast depends on the frequency and number of past events and time since the last event. Unfortunately, only a few past events are historically documented along subduction zones where forecasting relies mostly on paleoseismic catalogs. We address the role of dating uncertainty and completeness of paleoseismic catalogs on probabilistic estimates of forthcoming earthquakes using a 3.6-ka-long catalog including 11 paleoseismic and 1 historic (Mw≥8.6) earthquakes that preceded the great 1960 Chile earthquake. We set the clock to 1940 and estimate the conditional probability of a future event using five different recurrence models. We find that the Weibull model predicts the highest forecasting probabilities of 44% and 72% in the next 50 and 100 yr, respectively. Uncertainties in earthquake chronologies due to missing events and dating uncertainties may produce changes in forecast probabilities of up to 50%. Our study provides a framework to use paleoseismic records in seismic hazard assessments including epistemic uncertainties.
An Evaluation of the Timing Accuracy of Global and Regional Seismic Stations and Networks
Authors: Yang Yi , Song Xiaodong , Ringler Adam T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Clock accuracy is a basic parameter of any seismic station and has become increasingly important for seismology as the community seeks to refine structures and dynamic processes of the Earth. In this study, we measure the arrival time differences of moderate repeating earthquakes with magnitude 5.0–5.9 in the time range of 1991–2017 at the same seismic stations by cross-correlating their highly similar waveforms and thereby identify potential timing errors from the outliers of the measurements. The method has very high precision of about 10 ms and shows great potential to be used for routine inspection of the timing accuracy of historical and future digital seismic data. Here, we report 5131 probable cases of timing errors from 451 global and regional stations available from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Management Center, ranging from several tens of milliseconds to over 10 s. Clock accuracy seems to be a prevailing problem in permanent stations with long-running histories. Although most of the timing errors have already been tagged with low timing quality, there are quite a few exceptions, which call for greater attention from network operators and the seismological community. In addition, seismic studies, especially those on temporal changes of the Earth’s media from absolute arrival times, should be careful to avoid misinterpreting timing errors as temporal changes, which is indeed a problem in some previous studies of the Earth’s inner core boundary.
Proven pulmonary aspergillosis in a COVID-19 patient: A case report
Authors: Khodavaisy Sadegh , Khajavirad Nasim , Hashemi Seyed Jamal , Izadi Alireza , Dehghan Manshadi Seyed Ali , Abdollahi Alireza , Aliramezani Amir , Sasani Elahe , Abdorahim Mahsa , Kiyaeie Reyhaneh Sadat , Khosravany Zohre , Ibrahim Getso Muhammad , Salehi Mohammadreza 
Published: November 2021

Background and Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a significant clinical challenge in healthcare settings all over the world. Critically ill COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome may be at increased risk of co-infection with pulmonary aspergillosis. This study aimed to describe a clinical case of proven pulmonary aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus tubingensis in a 59-year-old man with a history of hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection.
Case report: The Covid-19 infection was confirmed by positive nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction. He had a cavitary lesion measured 20 mm in diameter with intracavitary soft tissue density in the left lung in the first chest computerized tomography scan. After 25 days, he showed two cavitary lesions in both lungs which raised suspicion of fungal infection; hence, the patient underwent a trans-thoracic biopsy of the cavitary lesion. The direct examination and culture of the biopsy material revealed Aspergillus species. To confirm the Aspergillus species identification, the beta-tubulin region was sequenced. The patient was treated with oral voriconazole.
Conclusion: This report underlined the importance of early diagnosis and management of invasive fungal infections in severe COVID-19 patients
Differentiation of Candida albicans complex species isolated from invasive and non-invasive infections using HWP1 gene size polymorphism
Authors: Salehipour Kourosh , Aboutalebian Shima , Charsizadeh Arezoo , Ahmadi Bahram , Mirhendi Hossein 
Published: November 2021

Background and Purpose: The taxonomy of Candida is controversial and has undergone changes due to the investigation of the novel species. Candida africana and Candida dubliniensis are new members of C. albicans complex that are currently gaining both clinical and epidemiologic significance. This study reports the prevalence of C. africana among the strains isolated from patients, by using HWP1 gene size polymorphism.
Materials and Methods: A total of 235 yeasts confirmed as C. albicans complex based on chromogenic media and ITS-sequencing isolated from various clinical forms of invasive and non-invasive candidiasis mainly candidemia, were re-identified based on HWP1 gene polymorphisms. The Hwp1-PCR amplicons were re-confirmed by sequencing and BLAST analysis.
Results: Based on the HWP1 gene size polymorphism, 223 strains were identified as C. albicans (94.89%) from which 7 isolates produced two DNA fragments (850 and 941 bp). C. dubliniensis (n=4, 1.7%), C. africana (n=1, 0.42%) and mix of C. albicans and C. africana (n=7, 2.97%) were also identified.
Conclusion: Although C. albicans remains the most common Candida species, C. dubliniensis and C. africana are rarely found among the patient isolates. Due to limited information on the molecular epidemiology of this novel yeast, more studies using molecular methods are recommended.
Phenotypic features and molecular study of airborne Penicillium species isolated in the northern part of the Persian Gulf, Bushehr, Iran
Authors: Naeimi Behrouz , Mohsenifard Iman , Ansari Saham , Sadeghzadeh Farzaneh , Khamisipour Gholamreza , Dobaradaran Sina , Faraji Ghasemi Fatemeh , Ahmadi Bahram 
Published: November 2021

Background and Purpose: The main environmental saprobes, such as Penicillium, play an essential role in natural ecosystems as economically, ecologically, and medically important microorganisms. Biodiversity of this genus has not been described in Bushehr city, Iran. The present study is based on air biodiversity of Penicillium species on culture dependent approach and culture-independent technique using partial b-tubulin sequences.
Materials and Methods: By using active sampling with a high volume air sampler, a total of 157 Penicillium isolates were selected and screened for phenotypic characters. For the purposes of the study, 46 strains representative of 11 morphological species were selected and identified by molecular analysis.
Results: Based on the findings, P. crustosum (18 isolates, 39.1%) and P. chrysogenum (15 isolates, 32.6%) were the most common isolated species, followed by P. brevicompactum, P. rubens, P. citrinum, P. italicum (each 2 isolates, 4.3%), P. olsonii, P. expansum, P. griseofulvum, P. palitans, and P. polonicum (each 1 isolate, 2.1%).Except for P. chrysogenum and P. expansum with floccose colony texture, the rest of the isolated species had velutinous texture.
Conclusion: This is the first report in southern Iran to identify a large number of Penicillium strains isolated from air samples, showing P. crustosum and P. chrysogenum as the most common isolated species.
Catastrophic Candida prosthetic valve endocarditis and COVID-19 comorbidity: A rare case
Authors: Davoodi Lotfollah , Faeli Leila , Mirzakhani Rogheye , Jalalian Rozita , Shokohi Tahereh , Kermani Firoozeh 
Published: November 2021

Background and Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Candida prostatic valve endocarditis present various clinical manifestations which may overlap;hence, discrimination between them is extremely difficult.
Case report: The case was a 66-year-old man with a past medical history of mitral and aortic valves replacement one year before COVID-19 co-infection. He was admitted with fever (for 7 days), shortness of breath, cough, seizure, lethargy,headache, and 85% oxygen saturation. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed multiple large-sized, highly mobile masses on both sides of the mechanical mitral valve highly suggestive of vegetation. Chest computed tomography scanning showed simulating scattered COVID-19 peripheral ground-glass opacities confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The set of blood cultures yielded yeast colonies that were identified as Candida tropicalis. The patient died of septic shock shortly after receiving antifungal therapy.
Conclusion: This case emphasized the importance of early diagnosis and implementation of antifungal treatment, particularly in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves, to reduce their unfavorable outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
I​nfluence of Treated POME Sludge Vermicomposting on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Maize Growth Performances
Authors: Afieqah M.Z. , Isa I.M. , Fauzi M.F. , Ariffin M.R. , Nizar K. Mohd , Mohamad A. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Transforming the abundance of palm oil mill effluent (POME) sludge into beneficial substances such as an organic amendments is vital in the recycling of waste. Vermicomposting from treated POME sludge (TPS) was evaluated on the effect of soil physicochemical properties, crop performances and to determine the best treatment effect on the biomass of the hybrid grain maize (Zea mays L.). Methods: The experimental layout was designed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The grain maize cultivated in Bungor series soil (Ultisol) comprising of (T1) control (NPK fertilizer), (T2) 1 kg of vermicompost, (T3) 2 kg vermicompost, (T4) 1 kg TPS and T5 (2 kg TPS) with six replications, for a period of 100 days from June to September 2019. Half of the NPK fertilizer dosage applied from the recommended practices. Result: The treatments with 50% reduction of NPK rate significantly (p less than 0.05) affected soil physicochemical properties. The dry matter production, crop performance analysis (net photosynthesis, stomata conductance and transpiration rate) and root weight density were also increased significantly using 2 kg of vermicompost treatment. Vermicompost application demonstrated the best treatment effect on soil properties and grain maize productivity. Utilization of POME sludge waste into organic amendment through vermicomposting approach would become very crucial practices to be adopted in reducing the abundance waste.
Training of future primary teachers for innovation in the context of the updated content of education
Authors: Stambekova Hazira , Zhumabayeva Aziya , Elmira Uaidullakyzy , Karas Kaziyev , Nurzhamal Ablyazimova , Ryskulova Ainagul 
Published: November 2021

In this information age, it is seen that the limitation of education and training, with space and time have started to be discussed and alternative methods and approaches have been suggested for students. The general purpose of this study is to plan the training of future primary school teachers in e-learning environments within the current education. 380 volunteer primary school teachers who continue to teach in Kazakhstan participated in the research in the spring term of 2020-2021. Scanning method was used in the research. General opinion measurement tool for e-learning, which was developed by the researchers was used. The collected data were analyzed using a spss program. One Way Anova and T-test were applied to analyze the data obtained from the e-learning measurement tool. According to the results of the research, primary school teachers had high e-learning levels. There was no difference in e-learning levels according to their professional seniority.
Keywords: Primary School ,Teacher, E-Learning, Distance Education,Training
Evaluating creative drama studies in virtual museums with teacher opinions
Authors: Umralieva Laura , Tanirbergenov Medeubek , Yeralin Kuandyk , Bolysbaev Dauletkhan , Makhabbat Dzhakipbekova , Zhanar Saimbetova 
Published: November 2021

The aim of this research is to evaluate creative drama studies in virtual museums with teacher opinions in order to ensure the revival of national cultural values through art. Qualitative research method was used in the study. The data were collected by the semi-structured interview form prepared by the researcher. The study involved 25 elementary school classroom teachers working in various primary schools in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, in the 2020-2021 academic year. As a result of the research, it was revealed that teachers found themselves inadequate in virtual museums and creative drama, but considered the use of these applications in education extremely positive. In-service training programs to be prepared for teachers to gain competence in the field of creative drama in the virtual museum will enable them to use this method more effectively in education, which they find effective in learning.
Keywords: Creative drama, national cultural values, teacher opinion, virtual museum.