bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel inhibitors designing against the potential drug target of Plasmodium falciparum M17 Leucyl Aminopeptidase – PfM17LAP
Authors: Dabburu Govinda Rao , Kumar Manish , Subbarao Naidu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMalaria is one of the major disease of concern worldwide especially in the African regions. According to the recent WHO reports, African regions share 95% of the total deaths worldwide that occurs due to malaria. Plasmodium falciparum M17 Leucyl Aminopeptidase (PfM17LAP) plays an important role in the regulation of amino acids release and for the survival of the parasite. We performed molecular docking and simulation studies to find the potential inhibitors against PfM17LAP using ChEMBL antimalarial library. Molecular docking studies and post-docking analysis revealed that molecules CHEMBL369831 and CHEMBL176888 showed better binding than the reference molecule BESTATIN. LibDock and X-SCORES of molecules BES, CHEMBL369831 and CHEMBL176888 are 130.071, 230.38, 223.56 and -8.75 Kcal/mol, -10.90 Kcal/mol, -11.05 Kcal/mol respectively. ADMET profiling of the top ten ranked molecules was done by using the Discovery Studio. Molecular dynamic studies revealed that the complex PfM17LAP-CHEMBL369831 is stable throughout the simulation. Finally, we have reported novel inhibitors which possess more binding affinity towards PfM17LAP.
The effects of social environment and the metapleural gland on disease resistance in acorn ants
Authors: Scavetta Joseph T. , Senula Sarah F. , Crowell Daniel R. , Siddique Farzana , Segrest Jennifer F. , Dairo Olseun A. , Nguyen Lindsey U. , Pekora Mathew S. , Kruse Svjetlana Vojvodic 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEusocial species differ in living conditions when compared to solitary species primarily due to the dense living conditions of genetically related individuals. Consequently, these crowded conditions can induce a high rate of pathogen transmission and pathogen susceptibility. To resist an epidemic, individuals rely on sets of behaviors, known as social immunity, to decrease pathogen transmission among nestmates. Alongside social immunity, ants have a pair of secretory metapleural glands (MG), thought to secrete antimicrobial compounds important for antisepsis, that are believed to be transferred among nestmates by social immune behaviors such as grooming. To investigate the effects of social immunity on pathogen resistance, we performed a series of experiments by inoculating acorn ants Temnothorax curvispinosus with a lethal spore concentration of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum. After inoculation ant survival was monitored in two environments: solitary and in groups. Additionally, the MG role in pathogen resistance was evaluated for both solitary and grouped living ants, by sealing the MG prior to inoculations. Individuals within a group environment had a higher survival compared to those in a solitary environment, and individuals with sealed glands had significantly decreased survival than ants with non-sealed-MG in both solitary and social environments. We observed the lowest survival for solitary-sealed-MG individuals. Although sealing the MG reduced survival probability, sealing the MG did not remove the benefits of grouped living. We show here that social living plays a crucial role in pathogen resistance and that the MG has an important role in pathogen resistance of individual T. curvispinosus ants. Although important for an individual’s pathogen resistance, our data show that the MG does not play a strong role in social immunity as previously believed. Overall, this study provides insights into mechanisms of social immunity and the role of MG in disease resistance.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Cannabis-induced Toxicoses in Pets: Results from a Survey of Veterinarians in North America
Authors: Amissah Richard Quansah , Vogt Nadine A. , Chen Chuyun , Urban Karolina , Khokhar Jibran 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTCannabis legalization in North America has coincided with an increase in reports of cannabis-induced toxicosis in pets, but the magnitude of this problem, as well as outcomes of these incidents remain unknown. Therefore, we examined the frequency, diagnostic criteria, clinical signs, and prognoses of cannabis toxicoses in pets in North America. We conducted an online survey between January, 2021 and April, 2021 targeting veterinarians practicing in Canada and the United States (US). Out of the 251 study participants, 191 practiced in Canada. Cannabis toxicosis was most commonly reported in dogs (n=226 veterinarians), and the number of toxicosis cases increased significantly in Canada (p<0.0001) and the US (p=0.002) after October, 2018. Frequently reported clinical signs of cannabis toxicosis included: urinary incontinence (n=195), disorientation (n=182), ataxia (n=178), lethargy (n=150), hyperesthesia (n=134), and bradycardia (n=112). Edibles were most commonly suspected to be the cause of toxicosis (n=116). The most common route of exposure was ingestion (n=135), while the most cited reason was ingestion while unattended (n=135). Cannabis toxicosis was mostly diagnosed using supportive clinical signs (n=229), the most common treatment was outpatient monitoring (n=182), and pets were most often treated as out-patients (n=103). The legalization of cannabis use in Canada and the US is likely an important factor associated with the increased cannabis toxicosis cases in pets; however, the legal status may also increase reporting. The medicinal use of cannabis by pet-owners for pets may also contribute to a portion of the reported toxicoses. Most pets that experienced cannabis toxicosis recovered completely, suggesting that most cannabis toxicoses do not result in long-term ill effects. Even though some deaths (n=16) were reported in association with cannabis toxicosis, the presence of confounders such as toxins, and underlying conditions cannot be ruled out, emphasizing the need for rigorous controlled laboratory studies to investigate this important issue.
Season-long infection of diverse hosts by the entomopathogenic fungus Batkoa major
Authors: Gryganskyi Andrii P. , Golan Jacob , Hajek Ann E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPopulations of the entomopathogenic fungus Batkoa major were analyzed using sequences of four genomic regions and evaluated in relation to their genetic diversity, insect hosts and collection site. This entomophthoralean pathogen killed numerous insect species from 23 families and five orders in two remote locations during 2019. The host list of this biotrophic pathogen contains flies, true bugs, butterflies and moths, beetles, and barkflies. Among the infected bugs (Order Hemiptera), the spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) is a new invasive planthopper pest of various woody plants that was introduced to the USA from Eastern Asia. A high degree of clonality occurred in the studied populations and high gene flow was revealed using four molecular loci for the analysis of population structure. We did not detect any segregation in the population regarding host affiliation (by family or order), or collection site. This is the first description of population structure of a biotrophic fungus-generalist in the entomopathogenic Order Entomophthorales. This analysis aimed to better understand the potential populations of entomopathogen-generalists infecting emerging invasive hosts in new ecosystems.
Long-read RNA sequencing identifies polyadenylation elongation and differential transcript usage of host transcripts during SARS-CoV-2 in vitro infection
Authors: Chang Jessie J.-Y. , Gleeson Josie , Rawlinson Daniel , Pitt Miranda E. , De Paoli-Iseppi Ricardo , Zhou Chenxi , Mordant Francesca L. , Londrigan Sarah L. , Clark Michael B. , Subbarao Kanta , Stinear Timothy P. , Coin Lachlan J.M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBetter methods to interrogate host-pathogen interactions during Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections are imperative to help understand and prevent this disease. Here we implemented RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) combined with the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) long-reads to measure differential host gene expression, transcript polyadenylation and isoform usage within various epithelial cell lines permissive and non-permissive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2-infected and mock-infected Vero (African green monkey kidney epithelial cells), Calu-3 (human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells), Caco-2 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma epithelial cells) and A549 (human lung carcinoma epithelial cells) were analysed over time (0, 2, 24, 48 hours). Differential polyadenylation was found to occur in both infected Calu-3 and Vero cells during a late time point (48 hpi), with Gene Ontology (GO) terms such as viral transcription and translation shown to be significantly enriched in Calu-3 data. Poly(A) tails showed increased lengths in the majority of the differentially polyadenylated transcripts in Calu-3 and Vero cell lines (up to ~136 nt in mean poly(A) length, padj = 0.029). Of these genes, ribosomal protein genes such as RPS4X and RPS6 also showed downregulation in expression levels, suggesting the importance of ribosomal protein genes during infection. Furthermore, differential transcript usage was identified in Caco-2, Calu-3 and Vero cells, including transcripts of genes such as GSDMB and KPNA2, which have previously been implicated in SARS-CoV-2 infections. Overall, these results highlight the potential role of differential polyadenylation and transcript usage in host immune response or viral manipulation of host mechanisms during infection, and therefore, showcase the value of long-read sequencing in identifying less-explored host responses to disease.
Discerning the functional networks behind processing of music and speech through human vocalizations
Authors: Angulo-Perkins Arafat , Concha Luis 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTMusicality refers to specific biological traits that allow us to perceive, generate and enjoy music. These abilities can be studied at different organizational levels (e.g., behavioural, physiological, evolutionary), and all of them reflect that music and speech processing are two different cognitive domains. Previous research has shown evidence of this functional divergence in auditory cortical regions in the superior temporal gyrus (such as theplanum polare), showing increased activity upon listening to music, as compared to other complex acoustic signals. Here, we examine brain activity underlying vocal music and speech perception, while we compare musicians and non-musicians. We designed a stimulation paradigm using the same voice to produce spoken sentences, hummed melodies, and sung sentences; the same sentences were used in speech and song categories, and the same melodies were used in the musical categories (song and hum). Participants listened to this paradigm while we acquired functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI). Different analyses demonstrated greater involvement of specific auditory and motor regions during music perception, as compared to speech vocalizations. This music sensitive network includes bilateral activation of theplanum polareandtemporale, as well as a group of regions lateralized to the right hemisphere that included the supplementary motor area, premotor cortex and the inferior frontal gyrus. Our results show that the simple act of listening to music generates stronger activation of motor regions, possibly preparing us to move following the beat. Vocal musical listening, with and without lyrics, is also accompanied by a higher modulation of specific secondary auditory cortices such as theplanum polare, confirming its crucial role in music processing independently of previous musical training. This study provides more evidence showing that music perception enhances audio-sensorimotor activity, crucial for clinical approaches exploring music based therapies to improve communicative and motor skills.
Food tourism: opportunities for SMEs through diaspora marketing?
Authors: Bowen Robert 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of the diaspora effect on food tourism. Focussing on the nexus of diaspora marketing, entrepreneurship and food tourism, this paper seeks to explore opportunities for food and drink small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to engage in food tourism activities through diaspora marketing.Design/methodology/approachAs an investigation of an under-researched concept, this research uses mixed methods to develop a deeper understanding of diaspora effects on food tourism. This includes an online survey of 169 food producers, with 37 follow-up interviews. Research was conducted with food producing SMEs in Wales and Brittany, two culturally and geographically similar places, where both the food and drink and tourism industries are significant parts of the local economy.FindingsTwo avenues for diaspora tourism are apparent, either through engaging with diaspora networks, such as expatriate networks located outside the country of origin, or through the reverse diaspora effect, of visitors experiencing products and then seeking to purchase them once returned to their countries. Both approaches depend on the ability for the food producer to sell their products to international buyers, as well as ensuring that international buyers had sufficient awareness of the products, which also links to a positive reputation for food.Originality/valueThe paper aims to take a novel approach to the impact of diasporas on food tourism by considering the entrepreneurial activity of businesses in developing opportunities for food tourism through diaspora marketing. Distinctions are made from existing research by studying diaspora tourism from the business perspective.
Using digital humanity approaches to visualize and evaluate the cultural heritage ontology
Authors: Cheng Yu-Jung , Chou Shu-Lai 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This study applies digital humanity tools (Gephi and Protégé) for establishing and visualizing ontologies in the cultural heritage domain. According to that, this study aims to develop a novel evaluation approach using five ontology indicators (data overview, visual presentation, highlight links, scalability and querying) to evaluate the knowledge structure presentation of cultural heritage ontology.

Design/methodology/approach
The researchers collected and organized 824 pieces of government’s open data (GOD), converted GOD into the resource description framework format, applied Protégé and Gephi to establish and visualize cultural heritage ontology. After ontology is built, this study recruited 60 ontology participants (30 from information and communications technology background; 30 from cultural heritage background) to operate this ontology and gather their different perspectives of visual ontology.

Findings
Based on the ontology participant’s feedback, this study discovered that Gephi is more supporting than Protégé when visualizing ontology. Especially in data overview, visual presentation and highlight links dimensions, which is supported visualization and demonstrated ontology class hierarchy and property relation, facilitated the wider application of ontology.

Originality/value
This study offers two contributions. First, the researchers analyzed data on East Asian architecture with novel digital humanities tools to visualize ontology for cultural heritage. Second, the study collected participant’s feedback regarding the visualized ontology to enhance its design, which can serve as a reference for future ontological development.
The effect of cognitive functioning and affects on the loneliness of elderly people
Authors: Serra Lídia , Almeida Cristina , Silva Luís 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of general cognitive functioning and positive and negative affects on loneliness in the elderly people and to analyze the mediating effect of positive affects on the relationship between negative affects and loneliness.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample of this study consists of 61 people with an average age of 83 years who receive specialized institutional support. Study participants answered a set of questionnaires in which their sociodemographic characteristics, characteristics of the support received, cognitive functioning, positive and negative affects and loneliness were assessed.

Findings
Cognitive functioning did not reveal a significant relationship with loneliness. On the other hand, there was a positive and significant relationship between negative affects and loneliness and a significant marginal relationship between positive affects and loneliness. Negative affects proved to be predictors of loneliness, and there was an influence of positive affects by mediating the relationship between negative affects and loneliness.

Originality/value
This study showed that negative affects are risk factors for the appearance of loneliness in the elderly people who receive specialized institutional support and should be considered in intervention programs that aim to reduce loneliness and social isolation of the elderly people.
Chinese international students and American domestic students’ intercultural communication in response to group criticism: collective face and discomfort feelings
Authors: Zhu Yi , Bresnahan Mary Jiang 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
Group criticism plays an important role in intergroup relations and conflicts, but few studies have related group criticism to intercultural communication contexts. This study aims to explore two cultural groups’ (Chinese international students in the USA and American domestic students) collective face concern as a unique experience in intercultural communication and other psychological responses while encountering group criticism targeting their country image.

Design/methodology/approach
A laboratory experiment was conducted assessing Chinese international students (n = 115) and American domestic students’ (n = 100) responses to a research-confederate critic (whose group membership was manipulated) criticizing participants’ country image such as blaming China and the USA for air pollution or using drugs in the Olympics. analysis of covariance, correlational analysis and regression analysis were adopted to analyze the data.

Findings
Chinese international students reported higher collective face concerns and lower liking toward the critic compared with American students. When criticism specifically targeted participants’ country image, Chinese international students reported more discomfort feelings than American students; and while responding to the critic who identified as participants’ ingroup member, Chinese international students’ discomfort feelings were more susceptible to their collective face than American students in the same condition.

Originality/value
This study illustrates cultural differences in collective face concerns and psychological reactions in responding to criticism targeting a country image in intercultural communication contexts.
Epidemiological, clinical and imaging characteristics of female prisoners with definite COVID-19 in a prison in the southwest, Iran, 2020
Authors: Dastoorpoor Maryam , Khodadadi Narges , Borsi Seyed Hamid , Jamshidi Farkhondeh , Farsani Alireza Babaei , Noorzadeh Mehrdad 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
Prisoners are at greater risk of infectious diseases compared to the general population. While imprisoned, it is often difficult to observe Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) prevention strategies such as social distancing. To the authors’ knowledge, no study has been conducted worldwide to examine the condition of female prisoners with COVID-19. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the epidemiological, clinical and imaging characteristics of prisoners with COVID-19 in Ahvaz Women’s Prison (southwest, Iran).

Design/methodology/approach
The data for this descriptive cross-sectional study was collected using a checklist including epidemiological information, clinical symptoms, X-ray and computed tomography scan findings of the chest, underlying diseases and the final status of all female prisoners whose COVID-19 test was positive.

Findings
This study included 139 female prisoners with COVID-19 with a mean age of 37.19 ± 12.67 years. The most common underlying diseases were hypertension (14.4%), obesity (10.8%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (9.4%). The most common symptoms at the onset of the disease were myalgia (59.0%), cough (41.0%) and dyspnea (37.4%). The most common radiological symptoms were ground-glass opacity (12.9%) and atelectasis (7.2%). In terms of extension of involvement, both lungs were involved in 8.6% of patients. In terms of zonal involvement, the lower lobes were more involved (8.6%). In terms of involvement position, the most common was sub-pleural (10.1%). None of the patients died.

Originality/value
Because the incidence, morbidity and mortality rate of COVID-19 in the prison population are likely to differ from those of the public. This study sought to investigate the situation of prisoners with COVID-19 in Ahvaz Prison, Khuzestan Province. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first worldwide study in this regard in women’s prisons.
Effect of randomly dispersed short fibers on the flexural resistance factor of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars
Authors: Behnam Bashar Ramzi , Al-Iessa Mohammed M. Mahmood 
Published: December 2021

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential design advantage in terms of resistance factors for normal weight concrete beams containing moderate-dose randomly dispersed short fibers and reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars.Design/methodology/approach An analytical model based on the current code specifications is used to calculate the moment capacity of over-reinforced sections. The vast majority of the considered beams are over-reinforced, compression-controlled. The data of the fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) reinforced with GFRP bars are collected from three published research studies which are based on experimentally tested results. Three different types of short fibers with four volume fractions are considered. Probabilistic model is established to conduct reliability-based calibration using Monte-Carlo Simulation. Limit state function, relevant load and resistance random variables are identified, and adequate statistical parameters are selected. Target reliability index consistent with the one used to develop current design code specifications is used.Findings Reliability analysis and calibration process are carried out with the intention of estimating the flexural resistance factors for FRC beams reinforced with GFRP bars.Originality/value The predicted flexural resistance factors ranged from 0.72 to 0.95, giving the resistance factors the potential to be increased above the currently specified value of 0.65 for compression-controlled members reinforced with FRP bars.