bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI of focal cortical dysplasia
Authors: Urbach Horst , Kellner Elias , Kremers Nico , Blümcke Ingmar , Demerath Theo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFocal cortical dysplasia (FCD) are histopathologically categorized in ILAE type I to III. Mild malformations of cortical development (mMCD) including those with oligodendroglial hyperplasia (MOGHE) are to be integrated into this classification yet. Only FCD type II have distinctive MRI and molecular genetics alterations so far. Subtle FCD including FCD type II located in the depth of a sulcus are often overlooked requiring the use of dedicated sequences (MP2RAGE, FLAWS, EDGE) and/or voxel (VBM)- or surface-based (SBM) postprocessing. The added value of 7 Tesla MRI has to be proven yet.
A Nationwide Enumeration of the Surgical Workforce, its Production and Disparities in Operative Productivity in Liberia
Authors: Adde H. A. , van Duinen A. J. , Sherman L. M. , Andrews B. C. , Salvesen Ø. , Dunbar N. K. , Bleah A. J. , Weiser T. G. , Bolkan H. A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAny health care system that strives to deliver good health and well‐being to its population relies on a trained workforce. The aim of this study was to enumerate surgical provider density, describe operative productivity and assess the association between key surgical system characteristics and surgical provider productivity in Liberia.MethodsA nationwide survey of operation theatre logbooks, available human resources and facility infrastructure was conducted in 2018. Surgical providers were counted, and their productivity was calculated based on operative numbers and full‐time equivalent positions.ResultsA total of 286 surgical providers were counted, of whom 67 were accredited specialists. This translated into a national density of 1.6 specialist providers per 100,000 population. Non‐specialist physicians performed 58.3 percent (3607 of 6188) of all operations. Overall, surgical providers performed a median of 1.0 (IQR 0.5–2.7) operation per week, and there were large disparities in operative productivity within the workforce. Most operations (5483 of 6188) were categorized as essential, and each surgical provider performed a median of 2.0 (IQR 1.0–5.0) different types of essential procedures. Surgical providers who performed 7–14 different types of essential procedures were more than eight times as productive as providers who performed 0–1 essential procedure (operative productivity ratio = 8.66, 95% CI 6.27–11.97, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe Liberian health care system struggles with an alarming combination of few surgical providers and low provider productivity. Disaggregated data can provide a high‐resolution picture of local challenges that can lead to local solutions.
Closer vein spacing by ectopic expression of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat proteins in rice leaves
Authors: Lo Shuen-Fang , Chatterjee Jolly , Biswal Akshaya K. , Liu I.-Lun , Chang Yu-Pei , Chen Pei-Jing , Wanchana Samart , Elmido-Mabilangan Abigail , Nepomuceno Robert A. , Bandyopadhyay Anindya , Hsing Yue-Ie , Quick William Paul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKey messageElevated expression of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat proteins led to closer vein spacing and higher vein density in rice leaves.AbstractTo feed the growing global population and mitigate the negative effects of climate change, there is a need to improve the photosynthetic capacity and efficiency of major crops such as rice to enhance grain yield potential. Alterations in internal leaf morphology and cellular architecture are needed to underpin some of these improvements. One of the targets is to generate a “Kranz-like” anatomy in leaves that includes decreased interveinal spacing close to that in C4plant species. As C4photosynthesis has evolved from C3photosynthesis independently in multiple lineages, the genes required to facilitate C4may already be present in the rice genome. The Taiwan Rice Insertional Mutants (TRIM) population offers the advantage of gain-of-function phenotype trapping, which accelerates the identification of rice gene function. In the present study, we screened the TRIM population to determine the extent to which genetic plasticity can alter vein density (VD) in rice. Close vein spacing mutant 1 (CVS1), identified from a VD screening of approximately 17,000 TRIM lines, conferred heritable high leaf VD. Increased vein number inCVS1was confirmed to be associated with activated expression of two nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) proteins. Overexpression of the twoNB-LRRgenes individually in rice recapitulates the high VD phenotype, due mainly to reduced interveinal mesophyll cell (M cell) number, length, bulliform cell size and thus interveinal distance. Our studies demonstrate that the trait of high VD in rice can be achieved by elevated expression of NB-LRR proteins limited to no yield penalty.
Additional MRI for initial M-staging in pancreatic cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Gassert Felix G. , Ziegelmayer Sebastian , Luitjens Johanna , Gassert Florian T. , Tollens Fabian , Rink Johann , Makowski Marcus R. , Rübenthaler Johannes , Froelich Matthias F. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective
Pancreatic cancer is portrayed to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death within the next years. Potentially complicating surgical resection emphasizes the importance of an accurate TNM classification. In particular, the failure to detect features for non-resectability has profound consequences on patient outcomes and economic costs due to incorrect indication for resection. In the detection of liver metastases, contrast-enhanced MRI showed high sensitivity and specificity; however, the cost-effectiveness compared to the standard of care imaging remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze whether additional MRI of the liver is a cost-effective approach compared to routinely acquired contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) in the initial staging of pancreatic cancer.

Methods
A decision model based on Markov simulation was developed to estimate the quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and lifetime costs of the diagnostic modalities. Model input parameters were assessed based on evidence from recent literature. The willingness-to-pay (WTP) was set to $100,000/QALY. To evaluate model uncertainty, deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results
In the base-case analysis, the model yielded a total cost of $185,597 and an effectiveness of 2.347 QALYs for CE-MR/CT and $187,601 and 2.337 QALYs for CE-CT respectively. With a net monetary benefit (NMB) of $49,133, CE-MR/CT is shown to be dominant over CE-CT with a NMB of $46,117. Deterministic and probabilistic survival analysis showed model robustness for varying input parameters.

Conclusion
Based on our results, combined CE-MR/CT can be regarded as a cost-effective imaging strategy for the staging of pancreatic cancer.

Key Points
• Additional MRI of the liver for initial staging of pancreatic cancer results in lower total costs and higher effectiveness.
• The economic model showed high robustness for varying input parameters.
Unsupervised deep learning based ego motion estimation with a downward facing camera
Authors: Gilles Maximilian , Ibrahimpasic Sascha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKnowing the robot's pose is a crucial prerequisite for mobile robot tasks such as collision avoidance or autonomous navigation. Using powerful predictive models to estimate transformations for visual odometry via downward facing cameras is an understudied area of research. This work proposes a novel approach based on deep learning for estimating ego motion with a downward looking camera. The network can be trained completely unsupervised and is not restricted to a specific motion model. We propose two neural network architectures based on the Early Fusion and Slow Fusion design principle: “EarlyBird” and “SlowBird”. Both networks share a Spatial Transformer layer for image warping and are trained with a modified structural similarity index (SSIM) loss function. Experiments carried out in simulation and for a real world differential drive robot show similar and partially better results of our proposed deep learning based approaches compared to a state-of-the-art method based on fast Fourier transformation.
Trajectories of energy intake distribution and subsequent risk of hyperglycemia among Chinese adults: findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997–2018)
Authors: Song Xiaoyun , Wang Huijun , Su Chang , Wang Zhihong , Du Wenwen , Hu Haojie , Huang Feifei , Zhang Jiguo , Jia Xiaofang , Jiang Hongru , Ouyang Yifei , Li Li , Bai Jing , Zhang Xiaofan , Ding Gangqiang , Zhang Bing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aims
Few studies have examined the secular trend of the energy intake distribution, and its effect on future risk of hyperglycemia. This study aims to describe trajectories of energy intake distribution over 12 years and relate them to subsequent risk of hyperglycemia over 9 years of follow-up.

Methods
Our study used ten waves of data from the CHNS survey, a population-based longitudinal survey in China, ongoing since 1989. We examined a cohort of adult participants who were free from diabetes but had at least three waves of dietary data from 1997 to 2009. We assessed energy intake using three consecutive 24 h recalls. We used these data to identify trajectory groups of energy intake distribution by multi-trajectory model based on energy intake proportions of breakfast, lunch, and dinner. We followed up participants for hyperglycemia, diabetes, and impaired fasting glucose for 9 years from 2009 to 2018. Outcomes were ascertained with fasting glucose, serum HbA1c, and self-report of diabetes and/or glucose-lowering medication. We estimated relative risk (RR) for hyperglycemia, diabetes, and impaired fasting glucose by identified trajectory groups using multilevel mixed-effects modified Poisson regression with robust (sandwich) estimation of variance. Gender difference was additionally examined.

Results
A total of 4417 participants were included. Four trajectory groups were identified, characterized and labeled by “Energy evenly distributed with steady trend group” (Group 1), “Dinner and lunch energy dominant with relatively steady trend group” (Group 2), “Dinner energy dominant with increasing trend and breakfast energy with declining trend group” (Group 3), and “breakfast and dinner energy dominant with increasing trend group” (Group 4). During 48,091 person-years, 1053 cases of incident hyperglycemia occurred, 537 cases of incident diabetes occurred, and 516 cases of impaired fasting glucose occurred. Compared with Group 1, Group 3 was associated with higher subsequent risk of incident hyperglycemia in 9 years of follow-up (RR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.61). No association was found for incident diabetes and impaired fasting glucose. Among males, Group 3 was associated with higher risk of incident hyperglycemia in 9 years of follow-up (RR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.07, 1.94). No relationship was found in females.

Conclusions
Energy intake distribution characterized by over 40% of energy intake from dinner with a rising trend over years was associated with higher long-term risk of hyperglycemia in Chinese adults.
Analysis of biomechanical gait parameters in patients after total hip replacement operated via anterolateral approach depending on size of the femoral head implant: retrospective matched-cohort study
Authors: Stolarczyk Artur , Stolarczyk Magda , Oleksy Łukasz , Maciąg Grzegorz J. , Stępiński Piotr , Szymczak Jakub , Świercz Maciej , Żarnovsky Krystian , Mostowy Marcin , Maciąg Bartosz M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Total hip replacement (THR) is considered one of the most effective medical procedures in treatment of osteoarthritis. Since its introduction, there has been a worldwide debate over proper implant selection in terms of size, bearing type and shape. Following study was designed to assess the importance of femoral head size in long-term follow-up.

Materials and methods
A cohort of 30 patients with primary end stage osteoarthritis who underwent total hip replacement was analysed retrospectively. A homogenous group was chosen with no major differences in BMI. Patients’ gait parameters were measured in a biomechanics laboratory using the 3D BTS Smart system. WOMAC and VAS questionnaires were used to assess patient reported outcome.

Results
The subgroup with larger implant head size had several outcomes significantly superior to the subgroup with standard head size and non-inferior to healthy hips. Following variables were measured during this study: time of support phase, time of swing phase, double support time, walking hip extension angle.

Conclusions
Use of larger sized femoral heads during THR gives better results in terms of gait pattern. Since restoring the gait pattern is one of the aspects of rehabilitation and returning to daily activities it seems to be an important observation.
The effect of virtual reality on temporal bone anatomy evaluation and performance
Authors: Timonen Tomi , Dietz Aarno , Linder Pia , Lehtimäki Antti , Löppönen Heikki , Elomaa Antti-Pekka , Iso-Mustajärvi Matti 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
There is only limited data on the application of virtual reality (VR) for the evaluation of temporal bone anatomy. The aim of the present study was to compare the VR environment to traditional cross-sectional viewing of computed tomography images in a simulated preoperative planning setting in novice and expert surgeons.

Methods
A novice (n = 5) and an expert group (n = 5), based on their otosurgery experience, were created. The participants were asked to identify 24 anatomical landmarks, perform 11 distance measurements between surgically relevant anatomical structures and 10 fiducial markers on five cadaver temporal bones in both VR environment and cross-sectional viewings in PACS interface. The data on performance time and user-experience (i.e., subjective validation) were collected.

Results
The novice group made significantly more errors (p < 0.001) and with significantly longer performance time (p = 0.001) in cross-sectional viewing than the expert group. In the VR environment, there was no significant differences (errors and time) between the groups. The performance of novices improved faster in the VR. The novices showed significantly faster task performance (p = 0.003) and a trend towards fewer errors (p = 0.054) in VR compared to cross-sectional viewing. No such difference between the methods were observed in the expert group. The mean overall scores of user-experience were significantly higher for VR than cross-sectional viewing in both groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
In the VR environment, novices performed the anatomical evaluation of temporal bone faster and with fewer errors than in the traditional cross-sectional viewing, which supports its efficiency for the evaluation of complex anatomy.
Exosomes produced by melanoma cells significantly influence the biological properties of normal and cancer-associated fibroblasts
Authors: Strnadová Karolína , Pfeiferová Lucie , Přikryl Petr , Dvořánková Barbora , Vlčák Erik , Frýdlová Jana , Vokurka Martin , Novotný Jiří , Šáchová Jana , Hradilová Miluše , Brábek Jan , Šmigová Jana , Rösel Daniel , Smetana Karel , Kolář Michal , Lacina Lukáš 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma is increasing worldwide. While the treatment of initial stages of the disease is simple, the advanced disease frequently remains fatal despite novel therapeutic options . This requires identification of novel therapeutic targets in melanoma. Similarly to other types of tumours, the cancer microenvironment plays a prominent role and determines the biological properties of melanoma. Importantly, melanoma cell-produced exosomes represent an important tool of intercellular communication within this cancer ecosystem. We have focused on potential differences in the activity of exosomes produced by melanoma cells towards melanoma-associated fibroblasts and normal dermal fibroblasts. Cancer-associated fibroblasts were activated by the melanoma cell-produced exosomes significantly more than their normal counterparts, as assessed by increased transcription of genes for inflammation-supporting cytokines and chemokines, namely IL-6 or IL-8. We have observed that the response is dependent on the duration of the stimulus via exosomes and also on the quantity of exosomes. Our study demonstrates that melanoma-produced exosomes significantly stimulate the tumour-promoting proinflammatory activity of cancer-associated fibroblasts. This may represent a potential new target of oncologic therapy .
Mathematization of nature: how it is done
Authors: van Hemmen J. Leo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNatural phenomena can be quantitatively described by means of mathematics, which is actually the only way of doing so. Physics is a convincing example of the mathematization of nature. This paper gives an answer to the question of how mathematization of nature is done and illustrates the answer. Here nature is to be taken in a wide sense, being a substantial object of study in, among others, large domains of biology, such as epidemiology and neurobiology, chemistry, and physics, the most outspoken example. It is argued that mathematization of natural phenomena needs appropriate core concepts that are intimately connected with the phenomena one wants to describe and explain mathematically. Second, there is a scale on and not beyond which a specific description holds. Different scales allow for different conceptual and mathematical descriptions. This is the scaling hypothesis, which has meanwhile been confirmed on many occasions. Furthermore, a mathematical description can, as in physics, but need not be universally valid, as in biology. Finally, the history of science shows that only an intensive gauging of theory, i.e., mathematical description, by experiment leads to progress. That is, appropriate core concepts and appropriate scales are a necessary condition for mathematizing nature, and so is its verification by experiment.
Technique of vessel-skeletonized parenchyma-sparing hepatectomy for the oncological treatment of bilobar colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Umeda Yuzo , Nagasaka Takeshi , Takagi Kosei , Yoshida Ryuichi , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Fuji Tomokazu , Matsuda Tatsuo , Yasui Kazuya , Kumano Kenjiro , Sato Hiroki , Yagi Takahito , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
To aid in the oncological management of multiple bilobar colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs), we describe a new surgical procedure, VEssel-Skeletonized PArenchyma-sparing Hepatectomy (VESPAH).

Study design
Of 152 patients with CRLMs treated with hepatectomy, 33 patients had multiple bilobar liver metastases (≥8 liver metastases); their surgical procedures and clinical outcomes were retrospectively summarized and compared between those who underwent VESPAH and those who underwent major hepatectomy (Major Hx).

Results
Of the 33 patients, 20 patients were resected by VESPAH (the VESPAH group) and 13 patients by major hepatectomy (Major Hx group). The median number of CRLMs was 13 (range, 8–53) in the VESPAH group and 10 (range, 8–41) in the Major Hx group (P=0.511). No operative mortality nor severe morbidity was observed in either group. The VESPAH group showed earlier recovery of remnant liver function after surgery than the Major Hx group; the incidence of grade B/C post hepatectomy liver failure was 5% in the VESPAH group and 38% in the Major Hx group, P=0.048). Intrahepatic tumor recurrence was confirmed in 14 (70%) and 7 (54%) patients in the VESPAH and Major Hx groups, respectively (P=0.416). There was no significant difference in median overall survival (OS) after hepatectomy between the two groups; the median OS was 47 months in the VESPAH group and 33 months in the Major Hx group (P=0.481). The VESPAH group showed the higher induction rate of adjuvant chemotherapy within 2 months after surgery (P=0.002) and total number of repeat hepatectomy for intrahepatic recurrence (P=0.060) than the Major Hx group.

Conclusions
VESPAH enables us to clear surgical navigation by hepatic vessel skeletonization and may enhance patient tolerability of not only adjuvant chemotherapy but also repeat hepatectomies during the patients’ lifetimes.
Late-maturity α-amylase (LMA): exploring the underlying mechanisms and end-use quality effects in wheat
Authors: Cannon Ashley E. , Marston Elliott J. , Kiszonas Alecia M. , Hauvermale Amber L. , See Deven R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Main conclusion
A comprehensive understanding of LMA from the underlying molecular aspects to the end-use quality effects will greatly benefit the global wheat industry and those whose livelihoods depend upon it.

Abstract
Late-maturity α-amylase (LMA) leads to the expression and protein accumulation of high pI α-amylases during late grain development. This α-amylase is maintained through harvest and leads to an unacceptable low falling number (FN), the wheat industry’s standard measure for predicting end-use quality. Unfortunately, low FN leads to significant financial losses for growers. As a result, wheat researchers are working to understand and eliminate LMA from wheat breeding programs, with research aims that include unraveling the genetic, biochemical, and physiological mechanisms that lead to LMA expression. In addition, cereal chemists and quality scientists are working to determine if and how LMA-affected grain impacts end-use quality. This review is a comprehensive overview of studies focused on LMA and includes open questions and future directions.
A Bayesian multiscale CNN framework to predict local stress fields in structures with microscale features
Authors: Krokos Vasilis , Bui Xuan Viet , Bordas Stéphane P. A. , Young Philippe , Kerfriden Pierre 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMultiscale computational modelling is challenging due to the high computational cost of direct numerical simulation by finite elements. To address this issue, concurrent multiscale methods use the solution of cheaper macroscale surrogates as boundary conditions to microscale sliding windows. The microscale problems remain a numerically challenging operation both in terms of implementation and cost. In this work we propose to replace the local microscale solution by an Encoder-Decoder Convolutional Neural Network that will generate fine-scale stress corrections to coarse predictions around unresolved microscale features, without prior parametrisation of local microscale problems. We deploy a Bayesian approach providing credible intervals to evaluate the uncertainty of the predictions, which is then used to investigate the merits of a selective learning framework. We will demonstrate the capability of the approach to predict equivalent stress fields in porous structures using linearised and finite strain elasticity theories.