bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Für gute öffentliche Ordnung. Ustawodawstwo policyjne księcia Albrechta von Brandenburg-Ansbach z okresu jego rządów w księstwie pruskim (1525–1568)
Authors: Makiłła Dariusz 
Published: December 2021

Przedmiotem artykułu jest wewnętrzna działalność ustawodawcza księcia Albrechta von Brandenburg-Ansbach, który objął rządy w księstwie pruskim utworzonym po sekularyzacji pruskiej części Zakonu krzyżackiego jako lenno króla i Korony Polskiej (1525). W czasie swoich rządów książę podejmował działania mające na celu umocnienie swojej pozycji. Służyła temu również działalność prawodawcza, uzgadniana często ze stanami księstwa, w której znaczącą rolę odgrywały ustanawiane przez księcia przepisy porządkowe, wydawane samoistnie, ale często pojawiające się w ramach szerszych ustaw porządkowych obejmujących regulacje karne, prawno-osobowe czy prawno-majątkowe. Ich zadaniem było normowanie wielu stron życia i działalności poddanych, nakazywanie, zakazywanie określonych zachowań, reglamentowanie i represjonowanie ich postępowania. Wydawanie przez władców przepisów policyjnych służyć miało w procesie kształtowania się wczesnonowożytnego władztwa terytorialnego wprowadzeniu kontroli nad poddanymi, wprzęgnięciu ich w system dyscypliny społecznej, mającej na celu osiągnięcie porządku wewnętrznego. Działalność ta, w której przepisy policyjne pełniły funkcję instrumentu utrwalenia władzy, miała w przypadku księcia Albrechta dodatkowe znaczenie ze względu na ustanowienie w księstwie pruskim ewangelickiego kościoła krajowego, na którego czele, jako jego głowa, stał sam książę. Zespolenie władzy świeckiej z kościelną, zgodne z doktryną Marcina Lutra, zmierzało do powstanie społeczności, w której poddani książęcy byli jednocześnie członkami książęcego kościoła. Z tego powodu wiele z przepisów policyjnych miało szczególny moralny charakter.
The Effects of Tax Penalty on Retained Earnings: Evidence from Quasi-Natural Experiment in South Korea
Authors: Byun Yiseul , Binh Ki Beom , Woo Seokjin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper evaluated how the tax penalty, corporate income feedback tax (CIFT), on retained earnings affected firms’ managerial decisions in South Korea. We focused on how the firms allocated the retained earnings to minimize the additional tax liability. We employed a quasi-natural experiment design resulting from the enactment of the CIFT in 2015 to identify how the tax penalty on earning retention affected investment, dividend, and employment. We took advantage of the eligibility condition of the CIFT to construct a quasi-natural experimental design. Our estimation results show that most firms subject to the CIFT paid out dividends to equity holders to avoid additional tax liabilities despite of modest increase of investment. They did not change wages much. Rather, they decreased wage payment. In sum, the CIFT was not as successful as Korean government wished.
Revealing migratory path, important stopovers and non-breeding areas of a boreal songbird in steep decline
Authors: Hagelin Julie C. , Hallworth Michael T. , Barger Christopher P. , Johnson James A. , DuBour Kristin A. , Pendelton Grey W. , DeCicco Lucas H. , McDuffie Laura A. , Matsuoka Steven M. , Snively Marian A. , Marra Peter P. , Taylor Audrey 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi) is a steeply declining aerial insectivore with one of the longest migrations of any North American passerine. We deployed light-level geolocators and archival GPS tags on breeders in boreal Alaska to determine migratory routes, important stopovers and non-breeding locations. Data from 16 individuals revealed a median 23,555 km annual journey (range: 19,387, 27,292 km) over 95 days (range: 83, 139 days) with wintering occurring in three regions of South America (NW Colombia/Ecuador, central Peru and W Brazil/S Peru). We developed a new method to identify “Important Stopovers” by quantifying intensity of use (a function of bird numbers and stop durations) along migratory routes. We identified 13 Important Stopovers that accounted for ~66% of the annual migratory period, suggestive of refueling activities. Some sites coincided with key areas previously identified for other Neotropical-Nearctic migrants. Percent land “protected” at Important Stopovers, as defined by IUCN, ranged from 3.8% to 49.3% (mean [95% CI]: 17.3% [9.6, 25.0]). Total migration speed did not differ by season (median: 255 km day-1, range: 182, 295km day-1), despite greater spring travel distances. Birds with longer non-breeding periods, however, migrated north faster. Climate-driven mismatches in migratory timing may be less of a concern for western than for eastern flycatcher populations, given recent con-generic analyses (C. sordidulus, C. virens). However, accelerated high-latitude changes, may nonetheless impact boreal breeders.
Partially integrable almost CR structures
Authors: Akahori Takao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Let (M, D) be a compact contact manifold with dim

R

M = 2n ≥ 5. This means that: M is a C
∞ differential manifold with dim

R

M = 2n ≥ 5. And D is a subbundle of the tangent bundle TM which satisfying; there is a real one form θ such that D = {X : X ∈ TM, θ(X) = 0}, and θ ^ Λ
n−1(d ) ≠ 0 at every point of p of M. Especially, we assume that our D admits almost CR structure,(M, S). In this paper, inspired by the work of Matsumoto([M]), we study the difference of partially integrable almost CR structures from actual CR structures. And we discuss partially integrable almost CR structures from the point of view of the deformation theory of CR structures ([A1],[AGL]).
Fabrication of PANI-modified PVDF nanofibrous yarn for pH sensor
Authors: Zhao Hongmei , Dai Zhang , He Tian , Zhu Shufang , Yan Xu , Yang Jianjun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In recent years, with the rise of an intelligent concept, oral and maxillofacial surgery smart dressing had also attracted the interest of researchers, especially for the pH sensor with flexible medium. In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibrous yarn was fabricated by a conjugate electrospinning process and modified with in situ polymerization of polyaniline (PANI) forming a PANI/PVDF yarn. By a weaving process, these yarns could be weaved into a fabric. It was found that both the PANI/PVDF yarn and the fabric showed a sensitivity to pH, about −48.53 mV  per pH for yarn and −38.4 mVper pH for fabric, respectively, in the pH range of 4.0–8.0. These results indicated that the prepared PANI-modified PVDF yarn and fabric might have a potential application in intelligent oral and maxillofacial surgery dressings for monitoring wound healing.
Implication of FDG-PET/CT in patients with potentially operable colorectal lung metastases
Authors: Uporov Anton , Taber Samantha , Estèvez Schwarz Lope , Groene Joern , Pilz Lothar R. , Foerster Gregor , Bittner Roland , Pfannschmidt Joachim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This prospective study assessed the role of F-18-FDG-PET/CT in clinical staging for patients with colorectal cancer planned for pulmonary metastasectomy by thoracotomy or video-assisted surgery.

Patients and methods
In addition to conventional imaging, we performed 86 F-18-FDG-PET/CT studies in 76 patients with potentially resectable metastatic colorectal lung metastases. We then investigated the effect that PET/CT had on further clinical management. Based on the results from the 47 thoracotomies performed, we compared the number of pulmonary metastases discovered after histologic examination with the number predicted by the conventional computed tomography (CT) as an independent part of the F-18-FDG-PET/CT examination and by the F-18-FDG-PET component.

Results
F-18-FDG-PET/CT led to changes in treatment regime and diagnostic planning in many patients. In five patients PET/CT revealed previously undetected local recurrence of the primary colorectal cancer, in four patients hepatic metastases, in three patients bone metastases, in two patients soft-tissue metastases, and in three patients histologically preoperatively proven N2 or N3 station lymph node involvement. These all constituted exclusion criteria, and consequently the previously planned pulmonary metastasectomy was not performed. The sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) for detection of pulmonary metastases were 84.2% and 36.4% for CT and 75.0% and 61.6% for F-18-FDG-PET study. The calculated sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of F-18-FDG-PET/CT for detecting thoracic lymph node involvement were 85.7%, 93.0%, 66.7%, and 97.5%, respectively. Furthermore, we found that F-18-FDG-PET/CT may predict thoracic lymph node involvement based on the SUV of pulmonary nodules.

Conclusions
F-18-FDG-PET/CT has a clear role in the diagnostic workup for pulmonary metastatic colorectal cancer and may save patients from futile surgery. It cannot, however, be relied on to detect all possible pulmonary and nodal metastases, which surgeons must always consider when making treatment decisions.
Alterations in magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of bioabsorbable magnesium screws over time in humans: a retrospective single center study
Authors: Sonnow Lena , Ziegler Andreas , Pöhler Gesa H. , Kirschner Martin H. , Richter Maximilian , Cetin Mustafa , Unal Melih , Kose Ozkan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to examine the alterations in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of bioabsorbable magnesium (Mg) screws over time in a single center study in humans.

Methods
Seventeen patients who underwent medial malleolar (MM) fracture or osteotomy fixation using bioabsorbable Mg screws and had at least one postoperative MRI were included in this retrospective study. Six of them had more than one MRI in the postoperative period and were subject of the artifact reduction measurements. 1.5T or 3T MRI scans were acquired in different periods in each patient. The size and extent of the artifact were assessed independently by two experienced radiologists both quantitatively (distance measurement) and qualitatively (Likert scale).

Results
In the quantitative measurements of the six follow-up patients the screw’s signal loss artifact extent significantly decreased over the time, regardless of the MRI field strength (p<0.001). The mean artifact reduction was 0.06 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05–0.07) for proton density weighted [PDw] and 0.04 mm (95% CI: 0.03–0.05) for T1 weighted (T1w) sequences per week. The qualitative assessments similarly showed significant artifact reduction in all MRI sequences. Different imaging findings, like bone marrow edema (BME), liquid collections, and gas formation were reported. The overall inter-reader agreement was high (κ=0.88, p<0.001).

Conclusions
The time-dependent artifact reduction of Mg screws in postoperative controls might indicate the expected self-degradation of the Mg implants. In addition, different MRI findings were reported, which are characteristic of Mg implants. Further MRI studies are required to get a better understanding of Mg imaging properties.
First-line noninvasive management of cytomegalovirus primary infection in pregnancy
Authors: Denef Marie , Noel Laure , Bruck Gaëlle , Gudelj Justine , Tebache Malek , Viellevoye Renaud , Nisolle Michelle , Chantraine Frédéric 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To introduce a first-line noninvasive antenatal management of maternal cytomegalovirus (CMV) primary infection based on ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Amniocentesis (AC) is used as a second-line tool in cases of abnormalities compatible with fetal CMV infection on US and/or MRI screening.

Methods
Between January 2011 and October 2018, pregnant women referred with a CMV primary infection on antibody screening were followed up by monthly US scans and a brain MRI at approximately 32 weeks. In cases with US and/or MRI abnormalities compatible with congenital CMV infection, AC was performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Results
Ninety pregnant women with a primary CMV infection were included (89 singleton and one twin pregnancy). The first-line screening by US and/or MRI was normal for 72 of 91 fetuses (79%). At birth, 19 of these 72 neonates (26%) had a positive urine sample for CMV but were asymptomatic. US and/or MRI abnormalities were identified in 19 fetuses (21%). AC confirmed a fetal CMV infection in 16 fetuses (84%); 12 pregnancies were terminated, and four were continued, with three symptomatic neonates at birth and one poor neurodevelopmental outcome at postnatal follow-up.

Conclusions
First-line noninvasive management of maternal CMV primary infection based on serial US scans and brain MRI can be offered to identify fetuses with severe symptomatic congenital CMV infection and reduce the number of ACs without compromising the fetal outcome.
Promising novel biomarkers and candidate small-molecule drugs for lung adenocarcinoma: Evidence from bioinformatics analysis of high-throughput data
Authors: Li Chengrui , Wan Yufeng , Deng Weijun , Fei Fan , Wang Linlin , Qi Fuwei , Zheng Zhong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype of non-small cell lung cancer associated with an unstable prognosis. Thus, there is an urgent demand for the identification of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as targeted drugs for LUAD. The present study aimed to identify potential new biomarkers associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of LUAD. Three microarray datasets (GSE10072, GSE31210, and GSE40791) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were integrated to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in normal and LUAD samples using the limma package. Bioinformatics tools were used to perform functional and signaling pathway enrichment analyses for the DEGs. The expression and prognostic values of the hub genes were further evaluated by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, we mined the “Connectivity Map” (CMap) to explore candidate small molecules that can reverse the tumoral of LUAD based on the DEGs. A total of 505 DEGs were identified, which included 337 downregulated and 168 upregulated genes. The PPI network was established with 1,860 interactions and 373 nodes. The most significant pathway and functional enrichment associated with the genes were cell adhesion and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, respectively. Seven DEGs with high connectivity degrees (ZWINT, RRM2, NDC80, KIF4A, CEP55, CENPU, and CENPF) that were significantly associated with worse survival were chosen as hub genes. Lastly, top 20 most important small molecules which reverses the LUAD gene expressions were identified. The findings contribute to revealing the molecular mechanisms of the initiation and progression of LUAD and provide new insights for integrating multiple biomarkers in clinical practice.
Scalable and compact photonic neural chip with low learning-capability-loss
Authors: Tian Ye , Zhao Yang , Liu Shengping , Li Qiang , Wang Wei , Feng Junbo , Guo Jin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Photonic computation has garnered huge attention due to its great potential to accelerate artificial neural network tasks at much higher clock rate to digital electronic alternatives. Especially, reconfigurable photonic processor consisting of Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) mesh is promising for photonic matrix multiplier. It is desired to implement high-radix MZI mesh to boost the computation capability. Conventionally, three cascaded MZI meshes (two universal N × N unitary MZI mesh and one diagonal MZI mesh) are needed to express N × N weight matrix with O(N
2) MZIs requirements, which limits scalability seriously. Here, we propose a photonic matrix architecture using the real-part of one nonuniversal N × N unitary MZI mesh to represent the real-value matrix. In the applications like photonic neural network, it probable reduces the required MZIs to O(Nlog2 N) level while pay low cost on learning capability loss. Experimentally, we implement a 4 × 4 photonic neural chip and benchmark its performance in convolutional neural network for handwriting recognition task. Low learning-capability-loss is observed in our 4 × 4 chip compared to its counterpart based on conventional architecture using O(N
2) MZIs. While regarding the optical loss, chip size, power consumption, encoding error, our architecture exhibits all-round superiority.
Skalierbare Elektrolyseurmontage
Authors: Sinnemann Jannis , Prior Johannes , Kuhlenkötter Bernd 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Die automatisierte Fertigung von Elektrolyseuren ist ein wichtiger Schritt, um die Ziele der nationalen Wasserstoffstrategie zu erreichen. Für die skalierbare Montage von Elektrolyseuren wurde daher ein Konzept entwickelt, welches das automatische und modulare Engineering von automatisierten Produktionsanlagen für die Elektrolyseurmontage ermöglicht. Die Grundlage bilden der digitale Produkt- und Anlagenzwilling, die über den gesamten Lebenszyklus erweitert und genutzt werden.
Die Modullandkarte des Aachener Fabrikplanungsvorgehens
Authors: Burggräf Peter , Adlon Tobias , Schupp Steffen , Fölling Carsten , Dannapfel Matthias 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Die Fabrikplanung umfasst sowohl die Planung des Produktionssystems als auch die Auslegung des zugehörigen Industriegebäudes. Aufgrund von zunehmender Spezialisierung und Interdisziplinarität sowie hohem Zeit- und Kostendruck in einem dynamischen Projektumfeld sind Fabrikplanungsprojekte entsprechend durch eine hohe Planungskomplexität gekennzeichnet. Das Aachener Fabrikplanungsvorgehen bildet ein Rahmenwerk zur Strukturierung von Fabrikplanungsprojekten und zur Beherrschung der Planungskomplexität. In diesem Beitrag wird die Modullandkarte als das Kernelement des Aachener Fabrikplanungsvorgehens vorgestellt, welches eine strukturierte Grundlage für Fabrikplanungsprojekte bildet. Die Modullandkarte umfasst inhaltlich gekapselte Planungsmodule mit untergeordneten Planungsinkrementen, welche durch definierte Informationsflüsse vernetzt sind.
The determination of synthesis conditions and color properties of pigments based on layered double hydroxides with Co as a guest cation
Authors: Kovalenko Vadym , Kotok Valerii 
Published: December 2021

Nail polish, in particular gel polish, is the most commonly used cosmetic product. A component of the gel polish, which determines the consumer color characteristics of the gel polish. Layered double hydroxides (LDH) are promising pigments. To expand the range of colors and shades of pigments, the use of LDH with colored host and guest cations is promising. The parameters of synthesis and color characteristics of samples of Zn-Co and Cu-Co hydroxide pigments were studied. To obtain LDH with Co as a guest cation in the synthesis, the conversion of cobalt to the trivalent state was carried out at a temperature of 80 °C using oxidation with atmospheric oxygen or sodium hypochlorite. The oxidation efficiency was evaluated by X-ray phase analysis by the presence or absence of cobalt-containing phases. The color characteristics of the synthesized pigment samples were studied by spectroscopic measurement and calculation in RGB, CIELab, and LCH color models.
The low efficiency of cobalt oxidation at the moment of Zn-Co LDH synthesis with atmospheric oxygen at an elevated synthesis temperature of 80 °C was shown, while cobalt was released as a separate Co3O4 phase. A higher efficiency of cobalt oxidation at the moment of synthesis using sodium hypochlorite with the formation of Zn-Co LDH was revealed. It is recommended to use the hypochlorite oxidation of Co2+ to Co3+ in the LDH synthesis with Co in the form of a guest cation. The formation of a separate phase of zinc oxide was found in both types of oxidation due to the thermal decomposition of zinc hydroxide.
Comparative analysis of color characteristics showed that all samples have a brown color of different saturation. It was revealed that during the formation of Co-containing LDH, the lightness of the color decreases. Color saturation increases in the case of a colored host cation, such as Cu.
Determination of quality indicators of marmalade with addition of multi-component fruit and berry paste during storage
Authors: Samokhvalova Olga , Kasabova Kateryna , Shmatchenko Nataliа 
Published: December 2021

The object of research is the technology of jelly-fruit marmalade with the addition of multicomponent fruit and berry paste from apples, quince and black currant. Marmalade products are in demand due to their attractive appearance, excellent taste, aroma and good absorption by the body. This delicacy is characterized by the absence of fat, high sugar content and the presence of functionally physiological ingredients. Due to the growing interest of consumers in products of increased nutritional value, the technology of jelly-fruit marmalade with the addition of multicomponent fruit and berry paste from apples, quince and black currant has been improved. New confectionery products must first of all be safe for human health, therefore, organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological indicators of the quality of marmalade were determined during storage.
In terms of organoleptic quality indicators, both control and experimental marmalade samples have high quality indicators during the shelf life. The storage duration affects the consistency of the marmalade, which becomes protracted after 3 months of storage and contributes to a decrease in the color saturation of all samples. The loss of the mass fraction of moisture in the control sample of marmalade up to 6.1 % and the sample with fruit and berry paste – up to 5.0 %, an increase in acid accumulation by 4.0–20.6 % for the control and by 4.0–20 % for the sample marmalade with pasta. It is noted that the content of reducing substances increases in the control sample by 18.0–50.0 %, which is 11.8–15.0 %, and in the sample with the addition of paste – by 10.8–36.9 %, which is 12.3–15.2 %. The data obtained is admissible and meets the established quality requirements in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents.
Microbiological quality indicators have been determined and it has been established that new samples of marmalade with multicomponent paste, both freshly prepared and after a guaranteed shelf life, comply with the standards of all current requirements for the quality of food products. The safety of jellied fruit marmalade on agar with the addition of multicomponent fruit and berry paste from apples, quince and black currant has been proven during the guaranteed shelf life of 3 months.
Study of Energy Flow on Apple Gardens in West Azerbaijan Province
Authors: GORTTAPEH Abdollah HASANZADEH 
Published: December 2021

Study of energy flow in ecosystem, especially in ecosystems that which are directly managed by human, is of great importance, because energy is flow of an ecosystem. Human could increase the efficiency of energy in agricultural products by applying management.In this survey the flow of energy in apple gardens of West Azerbaijan province ecosystem was calculated by using the statistics and information derived from agriculture (government) organization and providing of questionnaire from gardens of the province in 2009.Data's related to input and output are transferred to the rates equivalent to energy consumed and produced and then average energy was calculated (rate of output to input).The rate of applied energy is 11018330Kcal/ha and rate of produced energy is 10700 Kcal/ha, also rate of energy efficiency is 0.97. The result of this survey showed that main part of energy used in this product respectively consists of irrigation, chemical fertilizer and insecticide respectively.
We Could decrease energy efficiency by using drip irrigation systems, manure, insecticide, and pesticides considering to notice reduce the incidence of pests and diseases and so pace toward sustainable agriculture and decreased environmental pollution.