bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The A Satellite-to-Ground Quantum Key Distribution Protocol Based on Orbital Angular Momentum of Light
Authors: Wang Sheng , Lin Yu , Ye Xun , Zhang Tianbing , Feng Bao , Yu Xiang Bian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light has been considered as a promising degree of freedom (DoF) that gives access to a higher-dimensional Hilbert space, which may lead to potential higher capacity quantum communications. Due to the fragility of the OAM state, the traditional view is that turbulence will make OAM-QKD infeasible in satellite-to-ground channels. However, based on the detailed phase screen simulations of the expected atmospheric turbulence, we find that quantum key distribution (QKD) using OAM of the light is feasible in certain system configurations, especially if quantum channel in-formation is utilized in the processing of post-selected states. Therefore, we propose a satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution protocol based on the orbital angular momentum of the light, which uses the principle that OAM-QKD can only be used in high-altitude ground stations with larger receiver apertures with-out using classic optical probes. At the same time, the classically entangled light is used as a probe of the quantum channel and reasonably-sized transmitter-receiver apertures are also employed. Numerical simulation results show that this protocol can lead to positive secret key rates even under circumstances where a sea-level ground station with a reasonable-sized aperture is used. We also found that quantum channel conjugation enables a key rate advantage provided by the higher dimensions of the protocol to be realized.
Key Technologies and Applications of Wild Animal Satellite Tracking
Authors: Huang Tian , Zhou Libo , Zhou Minghui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mastering the laws of wildlife activities and family territory is an important task for wildlife protection, habitat restoration, and epidemic surveillance. Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional wildlife monitoring methods, an overall framework of wild animal satellite tracking system is proposed, and key technologies such as MEMS design, energy optimization, miniaturization and lightweight, wearable methods, and big data platform development are discussed and practiced. The results show that the wild animal satellite tracker developed by the above technology has the characteristics of miniaturization and lightweight, which can better solve the problem of energy supply in the field, and the service life can reach more than 5 years. Cloud recording of wild animal tracking data, Cloud Storage, Cloud computing, and Cloud monitoring. It plays a role in ensuring the data security of China’s wildlife ecological resources and other sensitive geographic information, and also provides scientific and effective technology tools and data support for China’s wildlife research, protection, and management, and is of great significance for serving the national ecological civilization construction.
Computation Offloading Based on Improved Glowworm Swarm Optimization Algorithm in Mobile Edge Computing
Authors: Fu Ke , Ye Jun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mobile edge computing(MEC) has already shown its powerful computing ability in mobile device which can broaden the capacity of computing. However, in view of mobile edge computing system, due to the varying network conditions and limitation of the wireless channel, the problem of long delay and high energy consumption maybe increase in the industrial production line. Therefore, computing offloading was proposed to reduce delay and energy consumption in mobile edge computing but the task allocation of offloading decision still can be improved by using different optimization algorithms. In this paper, we improved computation offloading method by an improved glowworm swarm optimization(GSO) algorithm to solve this problem for multi-user-multi-MEC in mobile edge computing. Compared with existing improved algorithms of computation offloading, the experimental results show that our proposal can reduce the system cost a lot(to 25%) which has a better performance of saving energy and reducing delay in the mobile edge computing environment.
Plasma chemical synthesis of W-C-Co system nano-sized powders
Authors: Astashov A G , Samokhin A V , Alekseev N V , Kalashnikov Yu P , Dorofeev A A , Sinayskiy M A , Pakhilo-Darial I O 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Parameters have been developed and experimental studies carried out for the synthesis of W-C-Co system nanopowders in a limited jet plasma reactor by interaction of tungsten oxide and cobalt with methane in hydrogen-nitrogen plasma flow generated in an electric arc plasma torch. Nanoscale powders with a specific surface area of about 25 m2/g, consisting mainly of tungsten-carbon phases and cobalt, have been produced.
Creation of polymer-ceramic materials for FDM printing
Authors: Egorov A S , Bogdanovskaya M V , Aleksandrova D S , Osipchik V S , Anokhin A S , Ivanov V S , Ivanov E V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses approaches and methods for obtaining highly filled polymer-ceramic materials to be used for additive manufacturing purposes. The key deliverable produced in the course of the project work was the development of polymer-ceramic materials that are suitable for extrusion processing and subsequent manufacture of products via Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM).
Synthesis and research of polymer composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes using computer models
Authors: Kobzev V A , Chechenin N G , Bukunov K A , Vorobyeva E A , Makunin A V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nanocomposites are a new type of material that differs from conventional composite materials in the size of the hardening phase. One of the most promising fillers for nanocomposites is carbon nanotubes. The paper studied structural and functional properties of polymer composite materials based on epoxy resins reinforced with carbon nanotubes. Impact resistance at high speed effects of multilayer composites, which are multilayer structures made of glass fabric and basalt fabric impregnated with polymer on the basis of epoxy resins, has been studied.
Magnesium compounds as future high temperature superconductors
Authors: Palii N A , Belousov O K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Previously proposed method for calculating the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of the different substances was used to predict Tc of magnesium compounds. Theoretical calculations show the good agreement with experimental results for MgB2, the only magnesium compound with experimentally proved Tc = 39 K (theoretical value is 40.5 K). The performed computations for binary compounds Mg2X (X: Ge, Sn, Pb) reveal the high potential of magnesium compounds as high-temperature conductors at normal pressure, with predicted superconducting transition temperature up to 70 K.
Chitosan succinate and food-grade chitosan for the creation of tissue-engineering structures by the laser method
Authors: Savelyev M S , Pyanov I.V. , Vasilevsky P N , Fedorova Y.O. , Yu Gerasimenko A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Laser radiation makes it possible to form a composite material with laser radiation, which is intended for use as cellular- and tissue-engineering structures. It is important to obtain a uniform distribution of components throughout the volume of such material. Intermolecular interactions between chitosan and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) affect the structure of the composite. The results of IR spectroscopy and nonlinear optical studies have shown that the effect of laser radiation has different effects on the two types of chitosan, which was clearly demonstrated by SEM studies. Upon detailed examination, agglomerates in the composite material are clearly visible. Chitosan succinate less prevents the formation of agglomerates from SWCNTs, as a result of which a high agglomeration of nanotubes occurs among themselves in the composite material. The corresponding formations are distinguishable in the SEM images.
Determining efficiency of inhibition of johar flower ethanol extract (Cassia siamea Lamk.) in the corrosion reaction of A36
Authors: Khairuddin  , Nurhaeni  , Husen H M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The investigation about determining the efficiency of inhibition of johar flower ethanol extract in the corrosion reaction of A36 steel (ASTM)/SS400 (JIS) in 3% NaCl solution has been done. This research aims to determine the immersion time and concentration of johar flower ethanol extract in inhibiting the rate of corrosion on steel plates with the highest value of inhibition efficiency. Making the inhibitor is done by extracting the johar flowers using the maceration method. The extract was mixed into the 3% NaCl corroding media with variations in concentrations of 0, 1000; 2000; 3000 and 4000 ppm, then immersed steel plate samples with a size of 50 × 20 × 3 mm for the variation of immersion time 5; 10; 15 and 20 days. Corrosion testing is carried out using the weight loss method. The test results showed that secondary metabolite compounds in johar flower ethanol extract could function as a corrosion inhibitor by inhibiting the rate of corrosion on the steel plate. The inhibition efficiency for johar flower ethanol extract was found in the concentration of 3000 ppm with immersion time for 15 days, amounting to 33.49%.
Effect of nitrogen gas flowing continuously into the pyrolysis reactor for simultaneous production of charcoal and liquid smoke
Authors: Aladin A , Modding B , Syarif T , Dewi F C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Biomass waste such as sawdust or red fruit seed waste can be processed into charcoal (carbonized charcoal) and liquid smoke simultaneously by the pyrolysis method. The charcoal process using the pyrolysis method will be more perfect if the reactor is designed in such a way that oxygen from the air is not free to enter the reactor. The small amount of oxygen that is present and enters the reactor can be minimized by flowing inert nitrogen gas into the reactor continuously during pyrolysis. In this study, the effect of flowing nitrogen gas into the pyrolysis reactor was observed with a gas flow rate of 1 liter/minute using raw materials from wood sawdust biomass waste with a pyrolysis time of 2 hours and a pyrolysis temperature of 400 oC. The results showed that the quality of charcoal products was relatively better. The yield of liquid smoke was higher than the results of pyrolysis with nitrogen gas flow compared to without nitrogen gas flow. The calorific value of charcoal without and with nitrogen gas flow is 6828 cal/gram and 7109 cal/gram, respectively, the fixed carbon value is 68.37% and 70.40% respectively, and the yield of liquid smoke is 38.87% and 40.35%, respectively.
Lead(II) adsorption by biochar prepared from tanduk banana peels (Musa X Paradisiaca)
Authors: Fatimah  , Napitupulu M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Processing organic waste for use in various sectors is one way to maintain zero-waste and preserve the environment. The banana plant is only a tropical fruit that bears fruit only once and leaves behind the stems, leaves, and banana peels. The use of banana peel as a lead adsorbent was conducted by processing banana peels into biochar. Biochar making a pyrolysis process where the temperature starts from 400°C, 450°C, and 500°C, produces 33.00%, 31.73%, and 29.07% biochar. The biochar moisture content was 12.26%, 11.13%, and 9.32%, while the ash content was 9.62%, 6.08%, and 4.64%, respectively. The ability of biochar to adsorb lead was measured by Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) with various pH and biochar weight. The optimum adsorption of lead (II) obtained at pH 5 with an adsorption amount of 49.96 mg/g, and a biochar weight of 400 mg with an adsorption amount of 12.49 mg/g
Extraction pectin from squash (Sechium edule sw) peels
Authors: Puspitasari D J , Damayanti N S , Nuryanti S 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSquash (Sechium eduleSW) peels are wastes that have not been utilized. Inside the squash peel contains high economic compounds namely pectin that is used as a stabilizer in juice, jelly, jam and marmalades. The study aims to determine the effect of sample ratio and time extraction on the yield of pectin and the characteristics of squash skin pectin extracted. The study uses a completely randomized design with two factors, the ratio of samples 1:30, 1:40, 1:50, 1:60, 1:70 b/v dan extraction times 80, 90, 100,120 and 150 minutes. The extraction of pectin is done by citrate acids. The result showed that the optimum yield of pectin as much 22,1% can be extracted at a sample ratio 1:60 b/v and at 150 minutes of time extraction, the yield of pectin can be extracted optimum as much 24,60%. The characteristics of pectin were water content 8,86%, ash content 2,9%, methoxyl degree 12,81%, anhydrogalacturonic acid degree 37,77%, and esterification degree 16,73%. Pectin from squash peel is indicated as low methoxyl pectin that can be formed gel with sugar. The pectin produced has met the pectin quality standard of International Pectin Producers Association 2003.
Identification of stability and productivity the local red onion Palu based on the effect of genotype and planting location using a Structural Equation Model (SEM)
Authors: Junaidi  , Fadjryani  , Raihanah G R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The effort to find superior varieties is initially by regarding the genotype and location because of these factors contribute to the significance of the interaction between genotype and location (GEI) on productivity. This study is important in plant breeding because the results can be used to predict and to select the genotypes that are stable and adaptable at different planting location. Paying attention to productivity is not sufficient in the GEI analysis to select superior varieties. As a result, a method such as Structural Equation Model (SEM) is needed to explain the effect of genotype and environmental factors on GEI. The obtained results based on the AMMI biplot showed that the genotypes of red onion which have stable productivity at five planting locations, namely Batu (G1) and Sanren F1 (G4). Furthermore, the genotype that is stable planted in five locations is Kawak (G7). The SEM output showed that physical characteristics affect the number of productivity. However, environmental factors such as altitude, soil physical and acid contribute to the productivity of the plant. Finally, we can conclude that the genotypes planted in low locations with soil pH greater than 6 and dusty loam soil conditions will provide more product of red onion with good quality.
Preserving the heritage of Central Sulawesi batik motif using fractal geometry concept
Authors: Jaya A I , Ratianingsih R , Nacong N , Abu M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The heritage of Central Sulawesi batik have to be prevented in order to maintain Indonesian culture. Nowadays, available batik motif of Central Sulawesi needs to be explored to promote its cultural wealth. Using the main concept of fractal geometry, repetition and similarity, some motifs are designed in this research. The concepts make the motifs are displayed regularly. The base of the design is the diversity of the Central Sulawesi that located in Wallacea zone. This principal base makes the uniqueness of the motifs design. The generated motifs are varied by some parameters values that represent some mathematical operation and simulated by jbatik software. The operations are translation, rotation, dilatation, and reflection. This research results some motifes that are namely the waving cactus bloom, cesara, moringa chem, eboni herb, sigi fiesta, and harmony nature. The other advantage of the result is some motifs are also could be applicated as woven motif, the other Indonesian heritage clothing.
Production of biodiesel based on moringa seed oil at varied reaction times by using CaO catalyst from chicken eggshells
Authors: Ruslan  , Hardi J , Sosidi H , Ridhay A , Agus A Y 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Moringa seed oil has many long-chain fatty acid contents that very potential transformed become fatty acid methyl ester or biodiesel. CaO material that was obtained from calcinating of chicken eggshells can be used as a heterogeneous catalyst at biodiesel production from Moringa seed oil. The purpose of this research was to determine the reaction time that produced biodiesel with the highest mass fraction of fatty acid methyl esters and also to determine the characteristics of biodiesel. Biodiesel was made through a transesterification reaction by using CaO catalyst at a mole ratio of oil: methanol of 1:6 for 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. Transesterification reaction for 2 hours resulted in a methyl ester mass fraction of 82.69%. GC-MS analysis result has shown that methyl oleate had the highest concentration of 86.56% at a retention time of 37.62 minutes. The characteristics of biodiesel including the acid number of 0.09 mg KOH/g, saponification number of 356.4 mg KOH/g, iodine number of 0.635 g iod/100g, cloud point of 13°C, pour point of 20°C, and cetane number of 61.45.
Helmholtz coils model as pulsed electromagnetic field therapy devices for fracture healing using comsol multiphysics
Authors: Nismayanti A , Jannah H , Rugayya S , Maskur  , Adawiyah R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The World Health Organization in 2009 recorded that more than a million people died due to accidents, and about 2 million people had physical accidents, namely fractures. The main challenge for clinicians today is finding an effective and inexpensive method of fracture healing. In this case, a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) can be used, which is a non-invasive technique that is inductive and generates a magnetic field due to changes in the electric field. So this research aims to create a simulation design of PEMF therapy device for fracture healing. The stages of this research method are to make Helmholtz coil modelling of PEMF therapy device using Comsol Multiphysics with variations in the number of turns, the distance between two coils, voltage or current, and coil diameter, to obtain the correct magnetic field value to accelerate fracture healing. The result of this research is the successful design of a PEMF device that produces a magnetic field value B is 1.5 mT on the number of turns N is 150, the distance between two coils r is 2.5 cm, the current value I is 0.5 A, and coil diameter D is 5 cm.
The effect of polymer concentration in chloroform on P3HT:PCBM nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic device performance
Authors: Ulum M S , Sesa E , Belcher W 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Investigations about the effect of concentration of polymer (1:1 Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)) in chloroform have been performed. Six different concentrations varying from 36 mg/ml to 179 mg/ml, were used to prepare P3HT:PCBM nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic (NP-OPV) devices. Using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), KLA-Tencor Alpha Step 500 profilometer, UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), we analyze and optimize the concentration of polymer in chloroform in producing NP-OPV devices. Higher concentration resulting in a bigger size of nanoparticle and thicker thin film we have, so that affects the efficiency of NP-OPV devices. In this investigation, the highest efficiency was achieved when using a concentration of 54 mg/ml.
Identification and characterization of ketapang seeds oil (Terminalia catappa L.) using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
Authors: Napitupulu M , Firdaus Muhammad , Walanda D K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ketapang plants (Terminalia catappa L.) grow on the beach and are known to contain oil. Research on oil content, lathering number, % FFA, and identification of fatty acids of ketapang fruit seed oil conducted using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Results showed that ketapang seed oil content was 24.23%, saponin number was 33.3%, and % FFA was 3.65%. There are eight components identified in Ketapang fruit seeds. They are components of fatty acids: Hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, 9,12 hexadecanoic acid, 9,12 octadecanoic acid, 10-octadecanoic acid, 9-octadecanoic acid, docosanoic acid, and tetracosanoic acid identified.
Identification of distribution changes of leachate in a landfill
Authors: Musa M D T , Elisabeth J C , Jamidun  , Labania H M D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The distribution of leachate in the Kawatuna landfill, Palu City, which is still implementing the Open Damping system, has been researched in 2011 where it was detected up to a depth of 7 meters and led to reservoir of leachate. The Landfill Control system has been implemented, but the leachate pipe was not functioning, and part of the storage pool was damaged during the earthquake on September 28, 2018, so that leachate is scattered everywhere. This study aims to determine changes in the distribution of leachate used geoelectric-resistivity method with Wenner-Schlumberger configuration. Data were collected at 3 points within the landfill site and 1 point outside the location, with a length of 48 meters each and processed using EarthImager 2D software. From the research results, it is obtained that the resistivity value of leachate is 1–9.7 ohmmeter. Based on the cross-sectional resistivity analysis, leachate was spread to a depth of 9.7 m, which indicates an increase depth of 2.7 m and the distribution direction was not leading to reservoirs of leachate
Liquefaction and normal fault in Talise Valangguni and Tanamodindi Villages of Palu City; a preliminary observation of impact MW 7.5 earthquake in 2018 at Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Abdullah  , Abdullah A I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Talise Valangguni and Tanamodindi Village are among the areas that affected by 28 September 2018 earthquake. This fact-based on our findings about ground surface deformation, the liquefaction and normal fault surface rupture effect. We then make further observations to record the existing hazard characteristics and delineate the affected area to see the hazards configuration to geological factors. The results showed there were 5 liquefaction areas with about 0.13-1.29 km2. The liquefaction effect characteristics that we found are fracture, downlift-uplift, wavy surface, sudden stagnant water, and lateral spreading. Liquefaction sites in this area are identical in seasonal river routes and strongly influenced by lithological, hydrogeological, and earthquake. The sediment deposits are dominated by saturated sand, which can experience significant infiltration, worsening the soil strength size. As a result, this area is susceptible to liquefaction effects when strong earthquakes occur. Meanwhile, normal faults are ± 1.5 km long, oriented west-east, where the southern block has decreased between 5-30 cm. We suspect that this fault existed before the earthquake and appear on the surface after the quake, contributed by shocks and gravity. We hope that this information can be used as a reference for spatial planning for Palu City in disaster mitigation.
Indication of ore mineralization in Bora Area, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Marliani  , Asrafil  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bora area have a mineralization system associated with geothermal activity, characterized by the presence of veins in the rock. This study aims to determine the indication of ore mineral. The method that used in this research is geological field survey and mineragraphic analysis. The results showed that the vein texture in the study area was in the form of crustiform-colloform, moss, and zoned crystal textures. Mineragraphic analysis results show the mineral content of ore associated with veins in the rock including pyrite, chalcopyrite and covelite. This proves that indication ore mineral in bora area is associated with the veins formed in the rock.