bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hazard function analysis of metastatic recurrence after colorectal cancer surgery—A nationwide retrospective study
Authors: Ishimaru Kazuhiro , Kawai Kazushige , Nozawa Hiroaki , Sasaki Kazuhito , Murono Koji , Emoto Shigenobu , Ishii Hiroaki , Anzai Hiroyuki , Sonoda Hirofumi , Yamauchi Shinichi , Sugihara Kenichi , Ishihara Soichiro ,   And other members of the University of Tokyo Study Group
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAn optimal postoperative surveillance protocol for colorectal cancer (CRC) is dependent on understanding the time line of recurrence. By hazard function analysis, this study aimed at evaluating the time of occurrence of metastasis.MethodsA total of 21,671 Stage I–III colon cancer patients were retrospectively included from the Japanese study group for postoperative follow‐up of colorectal cancer database.ResultsThe 5‐year incidence by metastasized organ was 6.3% for liver (right:left = 5.5%:7.0%, p = .0067), 6.0% for lung (right:left:rectum = 3.7%:4.4%:8.8%, p = 7.05E−45), and 2.0% for peritoneal (right:left:rectum = 3.1%:2.0%:1.2%, p = 1.29E−12). The peak of liver metastasis hazard rate (HR) (0.67 years) was earlier and higher than those of other metastases. The peak HR tended to be delayed in early stage CRCs (0.91, 0.76, and 0.52 years; for Stages I, II, and III, respectively). When analyzed as per the primary tumor location (right‐sided, left‐sided, and rectum), the peak HR for lung metastasis was twice as high for rectal cancer than for colon cancer, and peritoneal metastasis had a high HR in right‐sided colon cancers.ConclusionThe time course for the risk of recurrence in various metastatic organs based on the primary tumor site was clearly visualized in this study. This will aid in individualizing postoperative surveillance schedules.
Clinical Significance of Increasing Pressure Curve's Slope When Injecting Ultrasound Contrast Agent During Evaluation of Fallopian Tubal Patency
Authors: Qiang Ye , Wu Yiyun , Cai Ting 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the association between Fallopian tubal patency and the slope of the increasing pressure curve for ultrasound contrast agent.Materials and MethodsA total of 136 patients underwent transvaginal 4‐dimensional hysterosalpingo‐contrast sonography (TVS 4D HyCoSy) between August 2015 and January 2016. We divided the patients into 3 groups according to different Fallopian tubal patency status: 71 patients (48.97%) in bilateral tubal patency group, 45 (31.03%) in unilateral tubal patency group, and 20 in bilateral tubal nonpatent group. The ultrasound contrast agent was injected and the pressure curve was recorded automatically in real time using a liquid‐injecting machine that traces it as a pressure curve. The slopes of the different groups are compared through independent sample t test.ResultsThe slopes of the 3 groups were 1.242 ± 0.572, 1.472 ± 0.638, and 2.068 ± 1.236 kPa/s. A correlation was observed between the slope of the increasing pressure curve and tubal patency (R = 0.287, P < .05). The slopes differed significantly between the bilateral tubal patency group and bilateral tubal nonpatent group (P = .001) and between the unilateral tubal patency group and bilateral tubal nonpatent group (P = .012). However, the difference between the bilateral tubal patency and unilateral tubal patency groups was not significant (P = .266).ConclusionThe increase of the injecting pressure curve's slope for contrast agent during 4D HyCoSy is associated with the nonpatent degree of the tube. This condition can be used as an objective index of tubal patency and can be a reference in diagnosis and treatment.
Risk Factors for and Cost Implications of Free Flap Take‐backs: A Single Institution Review
Authors: Han Mary , Ochoa Edgar , Zhu Bovey , Park Andrea M. , Heaton Chase M. , Seth Rahul , Knott P. Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Objective/HypothesisFor patients undergoing microvascular free tissue transfer (MFTT), we evaluated risk factors and financial implications of operating room (OR) take‐back procedures.Study DesignRetrospective review at a tertiary care center.MethodsPatients who underwent MFTT for head and neck reconstruction from 2011 to 2018 were identified. We compared hospital length of stay and overall costs associated with OR take‐back procedures. Multivariable regression analysis evaluated factors associated with OR take‐backs during the same hospitalization.ResultsA total of 727 free flaps were reviewed, and 70 OR take‐backs (9.6%) were identified. Mean total length of stay (LOS) in the ICU was 3.4 days versus 6.7 days for non‐take‐back and take‐back flaps, respectively (P < .001). Mean total LOS on the regular floor was 6.3 days versus 13.1 days, respectively (P < .001). This resulted in a cost differential of $33,507 (94.3% increase relative to non‐take‐back flaps). The total cost associated with an OR take‐back was $39,786. Hematomas were the most common cause of take‐backs and wound dehiscence was associated with the highest costs. On multivariable analysis, higher ASA class (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.11–3.99; P = .026) and shorter ischemia times (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29–0.95; P = .030) were independently associated with increased risk of take‐backs.ConclusionsOR take‐backs infrequently occur but are associated with a significant increase in financial burden when compared to free flap cases not requiring OR take‐back. The large majority of the cost differential lies in a substantial increase of ICU and floor LOS for take‐back flaps when compared to non‐take‐back flaps.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1821–E1829, 2021
Aerosol generation during routine rhinologic surgeries and in‐office procedures
Authors: Sharma Dhruv , Campiti Vincent J. , Ye Michael J. , Rubel Kolin E. , Higgins Thomas S. , Wu Arthur W. , Shipchandler Taha Z. , Burgin Sarah J. , Sim Michael W. , Illing Elisa A. , Park Jae Hong , Ting Jonathan Y. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveCadaveric simulations have shown endonasal drilling and cautery generate aerosols, which is a significant concern for otolaryngologists during the COVID‐19 era. This study quantifies aerosol generation during routine rhinologic surgeries and in‐office procedures in live patients.MethodsAerosols ranging from 0.30 to 10.0 μm were measured in real‐time using an optical particle sizer during surgeries and in‐office procedures. Various mask conditions were tested during rigid nasal endoscopy (RNE) and postoperative debridement (POD).ResultsHigher aerosol concentrations (AC) ranging from 2.69 to 10.0 μm were measured during RNE (n = 9) with no mask vs two mask conditions (P = .002 and P = .017). Mean AC (0.30‐10.0 μm) were significantly higher during POD (n = 9) for no mask vs a mask covering the patient's mouth condition (mean difference = 0.16 ± 0.03 particles/cm3, 95% CI 0.10‐0.22, P < .001). There were no discernible spikes in aerosol levels during endoscopic septoplasty (n = 3). Aerosol spikes were measured in two of three functional endoscopic sinus surgeries (FESS) with microdebrider. Using suction mitigation, there were no discernible spikes during powered drilling in two anterior skull base surgeries (ASBS).ConclusionUse of a surgical mask over the patient's mouth during in‐office procedures or a mask with a slit for an endoscope during RNE significantly diminished aerosol generation. However, whether this reduction in aerosol generation is sufficient to prevent transmission of communicable diseases via aerosols was beyond the scope of this study. There were several spikes in aerosols during FESS and ASBS, though none were associated with endonasal drilling with the use of suction mitigation.Level of Evidence4.
Building Bridges by Blending: Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Binary Tapered Diblock/Multiblock Copolymer Blends
Authors: Steube Marvin , Plank Martina , Gallei Markus , Frey Holger , Floudas George 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work explores the scope and limitations of enhancing the poor mechanical properties of diblock copolymers by blending with tapered multiblock copolymers of styrene (S) and isoprene (I), P(I‐co‐S)n. Blending of different tapered diblock copolymers (n = 1; Mn = 80 and 240 kg mol−1, 50 wt% polyisoprene (PI) units, lamellar morphologies) affords brittle materials with low elongation at break. An increasing degree of phase separation from (i) miscible P(I‐co‐S)/P(I‐co‐S)n copolymer blends, to (ii) partially miscible and (iii) finally immiscible blends is studied. The effect of miscibility on the mechanical properties is studied for two diblock copolymers (Mn = 80 and 240 kg mol−1, domain spacing of 38 and 77 nm, respectively), blended with a series of multiblock copolymers P(I‐co‐S)n (n = 2–5; domain spacing of 42 to 20 nm) of similar molecular weight. Increasing disparity in the domain spacing results in partially miscible and finally immiscible blends. Immiscibility causes lower elongation at break, albeit superior tensile properties compared to the pure tapered diblock copolymers are maintained. The study shows that the addition of a minor fraction of multiblock copolymers to diblock copolymers is a versatile method toward improved mechanical properties, while retaining an ordered nanophase‐separated morphology.
Surjectively rigid chains
Authors: Montalvo‐Ballesteros Mayra , Truss John K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study rigidity properties of linearly ordered sets (chains) under automorphisms, embeddings, epimorphisms, and endomorphisms. We focus on two main cases: dense subchains of the real numbers, and uncountable dense chains of higher regular cardinalities. We also give a Fraenkel‐Mostowski model which illustrates the role of the axiom of choice in one of the key proofs.
Silencing of UAP1L1 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Xiao Xiaoxiong , Jiang Lei , Hu Huoli , Huang Yunhe , Yang Lun , Jiao Yang , Wei Guangxia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is recognized as one of the malignant tumors with poor prognosis. UAP1L1 (UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine‐1‐like‐1) affects numerous biological processes, which is a key regulator of the development of malignant tumors. The biological function and molecular mechanism of UAP1L1 in ESCC were explored in this study. The relationship between UAP1L1 and ESCC was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, revealing the high expression of UAP1L1 in ESCC. Importantly, the increased expression of UAP1L1 indicated the deterioration of patients’ condition, which has clinical significance. Furthermore, the loss‐of‐function assays demonstrated that knockdown of UAP1L1 inhibited the progression of ESCC on suppressing proliferation, hindering migration, and enhancing apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, the apoptosis of ESCC cells was induced by knockdown of UAP1L1 via regulating a variety of apoptosis‐related proteins, such as upregulation of Bax, CD40, CD40L, Fas, FasL, IGFBP‐6, p21, p27, p53, and SMAC. Additionally, further investigation indicated that UAP1L1 by affecting the PI3K/Akt, CCND1, and MAPK promotes the progression of ESCC. In vivo xenograft model further confirmed that knockdown of UAP1L1 inhibited the development of ESCC. In conclusion, UAP1L1 was involved in the development and progression of ESCC, which may provide a powerful target for future molecular therapies.
Modeling Brain Pathology of Niemann‐Pick Disease Type C Using Patient‐Derived Neurons
Authors: Burbulla Lena F. , Mc Donald Jessica M. , Valdez Clarissa , Gao Fanding , Bigio Eileen H. , Krainc Dimitri 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundNiemann‐Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare autosomal‐recessive lysosomal storage disease that is also associated with progressive neurodegeneration. NPC shares many pathological features with Alzheimer's disease, including neurofibrillary tangles, axonal spheroids, β‐amyloid deposition, and dystrophic neurites. Here, we examined if these pathological features could be detected in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived neurons from NPC patients.MethodsBrain tissues from 8 NPC patients and 5 controls were analyzed for histopathological and biochemical markers of pathology. To model disease in culture, iPSCs from NPC patients and controls were differentiated into cortical neurons.ResultsWe found hyperphosphorylated tau, altered processing of amyloid precursor protein, and increased Aβ42 in NPC postmortem brains and in iPSC‐derived cortical neurons from NPC patients.ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that the main pathogenic phenotypes typically found in NPC brains were also observed in patient‐derived neurons, providing a useful model for further mechanistic and therapeutic studies of NPC. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
RETRACTED: Genetic structure and forensic characterization of 36 Y‐chromosomal STR loci in Tibeto‐Burman‐speaking Yi population
Authors: Song Zhengyang , Wang Qian , Zhang Han , Tang Jing , Wang Qiyan , Zhang Hongling , Yang Meiqing , Ji Jingyan , Ren Zheng , Wu Yan , Huang Jiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMale‐specifically inherited Y‐STRs have been widely used in population genetics and forensic investigations.MethodsWe genotyped and analyzed Y chromosome haplotypes of 408 unrelated Tibeto‐Burman‐speaking Yi male individuals from Guizhou using Goldeneye® Y‐PLUS kit. Population comparisons between the Guizhou Yi and 67 reference groups were performed via the AMOVA, MDS, and phylogenetic relationship reconstruction.ResultsA total of 389 alleles and 396 haplotypes could be detected, and the allelic frequencies ranged from 0.0025 to 0.9875. The haplotype diversity, random match probability, and discrimination capacity values were 0.9999, 0.0026, and 0.9900, respectively. The gene diversity (GD) of 36 Y‐STR loci in the studied group ranged from 0.0248 (DYS645) to 0.9601 (DYS385a/b). Our newly genotyped Yi samples show a close affinity with other Tibeto‐Burman speaking groups in China and Southeast Asia.ConclusionsThe population stratification was almost consistent with the geographic distribution and language‐family, both among Chinese and worldwide ethnic groups. Our data may provide useful information for paternal lineage in the forensic application and population genetics, as well as evidence for archaeological and historical research.
Dual activating FGFR1 mutations in pediatric pilomyxoid astrocytoma
Authors: Fomchenko Elena I. , Reeves Benjamin C. , Sullivan William , Marks Asher M. , Huttner Anita , Kahle Kristopher T. , Erson‐Omay E. Zeynep 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPilomyxoid astrocytomas are an aggressive subtype of astrocytoma, not graded by WHO, frequently located in hypothalamic/chiasmatic region, affecting diencephalic structures, and characterized by shorter survival and high recurrence rates. Pilomyxoid astrocytoma management remains controversial, with pathologic tissue diagnosis and relief of mass effect being the main goals of surgery while avoiding treatment‐related morbidity, including vision loss, panhypopituitarism, and hypothalamic dysfunction. Chemotherapy (typically vincristine and carboplatin) in all pediatric patients and radiation therapy in pediatric patients over 5 years of age are used for treatment.MethodsWe report clinical presentation, surgical management, and whole exome sequencing results in a pediatric patient with the subtotally resected pilomyxoid astrocytoma.ResultsWe identified two somatic activating missense mutations affecting FGFR1, including FGFR1 p.K656E and FGFR1 p.V561M. While the former is a known hotspot mutation that is both activating and transforming, the latter has been described as a gatekeeper mutation imparting resistance to FGFR inhibitors. Interestingly, both mutations were present with similar variant allele frequency within the tumor.ConclusionSimilar variant allele frequencies of FGFR1 p.K656E and FGFR1 p.V561M mutations in our patient's tumor suggest that these mutations may have occurred at similar time points. Use of FGFR inhibitors in addition to STAT3 or PI3K/mTOR inhibition may prove a useful strategy in targeting our patient's pilomyxoid astrocytoma.
Research progress of single molecule force spectroscopy technology based on atomic force microscopy in polymer materials: Structure, design strategy and probe modification
Authors: Li Shi , Wang Xiao , Li Zhihua , Huang Zhenzhu , Lin Shudong , Hu Jiwen , Tu Yuanyuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the rapid development of polymer materials, the simultaneous acquisition of micro‐nano structure and mesoscopic mechanical properties from the material surface with the transverse resolution of nanoscale has become a hot spot in the research of polymer materials. Atomic force microscopy‐based high‐resolution imaging and single‐molecule force spectroscopy techniques have been widely used in various related fields. This review introduces the basic design and working principles of atomic force microscopy as well as single‐molecule force microscopy and their applications in the characterization of polymer surface morphologies, polymer film phase separation, polymer crystallization behavior, polymer chain stretching, protein folding/unfolding, G quadruplex intermolecular and intramolecular interactions, living cell surface proteins, and sugars. The research status of AFM probe modification strategies such as nanomaterial processing, single molecule manipulation and biomolecule etching is reviewed, finally, the limitations and improvement potential of single molecule force spectroscopy based on atomic force microscopy (AFM‐ SMFS) are summarized and discussed, and the new research practice in the field of polymer materials is prospected.
Weakly symmetric stress equilibration and a posteriori error estimation for linear elasticity
Authors: Bertrand Fleurianne , Kober Bernhard , Moldenhauer Marcel , Starke Gerhard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes and analyzes a posteriori error estimator based on stress equilibration for linear elasticity with emphasis on the behavior for (nearly) incompressible materials. It is based on an H(div)‐conforming, weakly symmetric stress reconstruction from the displacement‐pressure approximation computed with a stable finite element pair. Our focus is on the Taylor‐Hood combination of continuous finite element spaces of polynomial degrees k + 1 and k for the displacement and the pressure, respectively. This weak symmetry allows us to prove that the resulting error estimator constitutes a guaranteed upper bound for the error with a constant that depends only on local constants associated with the patches and thus on the shape regularity of the triangulation. It does not involve global constants like those from Korn's in equality which may become very large depending on the location and type of the boundary conditions. Local efficiency, also uniformly in the incompressible limit, is deduced from the upper bound by the residual error estimator. Numerical results for the popular Cook's membrane test problem confirm the theoretical predictions.
Investigating infant feeding strategies at Roman Bainesse through Bayesian modelling of incremental dentine isotopic data
Authors: Cocozza Carlo , Fernandes Ricardo , Ughi Alice , Groß Marcus , Alexander Michelle M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present the first study employing Bayesian modelling of isotopic measurements on dentine increments (five human upper first molars) to address Romano‐British infant feeding practices at Bainesse (UK). The stable carbon and nitrogen isotope results modelled to 6‐month intervals with novel OsteoBioR software revealed some common patterns, with weaning not starting before the age of 6 months and higher animal protein consumption after the age of seven. The latter possibly indicated a ‘survival’ threshold, evidenced by historical sources and osteological data, hence marking a rise in social status of children. The important role of Bainesse as commercial hub in relation to the fort of Cataractonium does not exclude a priori the possibility that medical treatises and Roman culture were known at the site. However, our results also showed significant intra‐individual differences with weaning cessation taking place between 2 and 5 years, suggesting that these were followed only partially and other aspects influenced family decisions on infant feeding practices in Bainesse.
A new study on flax‐basalt‐carbon fiber reinforced epoxy/bioepoxy hybrid composites
Authors: T. G. Yashas Gowda , A. Vinod , P. Madhu , Kushvaha Vinod , M. R. Sanjay , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present research investigation focuses on the development of flax‐basalt‐carbon fiber reinforced epoxy/bioepoxy hybrid composites under different stacking sequence technique. The composites were fabricated using manual hand lay‐up method and compression molding technique. The specimens were prepared using standard ASTM methods and subjected to various mechanical experimentations such as tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear strength, and impact tests. Water absorption study under distilled water condition, contact angle measurement, thermogravimetric analysis, and surface morphology study using scanning electron microscopy analysis was also performed. From the results obtained, the composites manufactured in the present work can be prospectively utilized in various engineering medium load structural applications.
Rheological investigation of supramolecular physical gels in water/dimethylsulfoxide mixtures by lysine derivatives
Authors: Rangel Euzcateguy Géraldine , Parajua‐Sejil Caroline , Marchal Philippe , Chapron David , Averlant‐Petit Marie‐Christine , Stefan Loïc , Pickaert Guillaume , Durand Alain 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTwo derivatives of lysine were synthesized by acylating the Nα with dodecanoic acid starting from commercial precursors in which the Nε was already acylated by the benzoyloxycarbonyl or o‐chloro‐benzoyloxycarbonyl group. Both derivatives self‐assembled in dimethylsulfoxide/water mixtures (above 40% v/v water) leading to solid‐like formulations. The rheological properties were studied as a function of gelator concentration and solvent composition. From stress sweep experiments it was assumed that the gels consisted of jammed suspensions of mesoscopic clusters formed by self‐assembly processes similar to those at the origin of crystallization. The temporal variation of storage and loss moduli was monitored immediately after mixing over times between 20 and 120 min using isothermal oscillatory rheological experiments. Experimental curves were satisfactorily depicted using previously reported semi‐empirical equations. Both transient evolution and stationary values were consistent with the representation of gels as resulting from the formation, one‐dimensional growth and dynamic arrest of fractal clusters (with fractal dimension between 1.6 and 2.0). The presence of a chlorine atom within the aromatic ring of one of the lysine derivatives induced a significant increase of the gelation time scale and a decrease of rheological moduli. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry