bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity values of silvicultural interventions in privately managed selectively logged forests
Authors: Kiswanto  , Mardiany  , Jansi Budiawan Tekko , Farahdita Wanda Laras , Mustinah Endang , Gunawan Erwin , Marjenah  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Selective logging is gaining popularity as a way to safeguard forests and resources. To sustain forest, trees with firm stem diameters must be harvested using permitted actions. This study focus to assess the biodiversity value of production forests that have felt common selection logging (TPTI) and reduced impact logging (RIL). Field measurements were taken on permanent sample plots (PSPs) in two forest management units to assess species composition, important value index (IVI), diversity, richness, and similarity. PT Karya Lestari has 277 individuals from 36 species of 22 families. However, PT Adimitra Lestari has 290 individuals from 16 species of 11 families. Both sites have similar plant groups, including ten species from nine families (37% similarity index). Syzygium polyanthum and Shorea leprosula are two species with high IVI, ranking in the top five in their respective categories. Both selective cutting approaches resulted in low diversity, evenness, and dominance indices. Common selective cutting strategy caused in a low richness index, but RIL practice created a high one. The study highlights the significance of silvicultural treatments for harvesting timber while preserving remaining stands, enhancing quality, and limiting forest loss.
Post-Occupancy Evaluation of the adaptive comfort of thermal insulation in the envelope of educational buildings in an Andean equatorial climate
Authors: Samaniego-Alvarado P , Bermeo-Silva M , Idrovo-Feijóo A , Espinoza-Pérez de Tudela J , Infante-Pinzón J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The following article presents the findings of an evaluation of adaptive comfort in an educational building located in Andean equatorial climates, with a focus on the thermal insulation of its envelope. The study examines a case study building: Showcase CEELA Ecuador, a retrofitted structure on the campus of Universidad del Azuay in Cuenca, Ecuador. The assessment covered three different types of thermal insulation finishes applied to six classrooms within the case study—three classrooms oriented east and three oriented west on the first, second, and third upper floors of the building—over a period of 16 weeks. The research employed a mixed-methods Post-Occupancy Evaluation to measure temperature, humidity, and CO2 levels in relation to thermal comfort and user perception. The results reveal that, in unoccupied conditions, classrooms with an insulated envelope and double-glazed windows exhibit a consistent temperature difference of 1.5 to 2°C compared to those with a traditional brick envelope and single-glazed windows. However, when occupied, this temperature difference becomes less stable and is closely linked to occupant activities. Instances of overheating can occur in thermally insulated classrooms, which can be mitigated by occupants operating the windows, as there is no mechanical ventilation system. Overall, the findings demonstrate that classrooms with thermal insulation provide a more stable thermal environment and enhanced adaptive comfort. This underscores the advantages of passive thermal strategies in improving indoor conditions, boosting energy efficiency, and increasing user comfort.
A Review of Technological Innovations in Rubber Recycling
Authors: Asubadin-Espin Pablo , De-la-Cruz Rubén , Buele Jorge 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Rubber waste management poses a significant environmental challenge globally, exacerbated by the growing production of tires and limited recycling capacity in various industries. This study addresses the need for innovations in rubber recycling by identifying economic and structural barriers that hinder the effective implementation of advanced technologies. The goal is to analyze and evaluate technological innovations, such as enhanced tire marking and pyrolysis, and their potential to improve recycling efficiency and promote a circular economy. The methodology involved a systematic review of the literature, covering recent studies on recycling technology and extended producer responsibility models. Recovery rates of rubber below 4% were identified in some regions, highlighting the urgency of adopting these innovations. The main findings indicate that while technologies like pyrolysis can transform waste into valuable resources, their implementation remains limited due to a lack of infrastructure and economic support. It is emphasized that although promising solutions exist, their success depends on a comprehensive approach that considers socioeconomic realities and the need for supportive policies and public awareness.
Numerical modeling of cell spacing effects on thermal runaway induced by thermal abuse in an air-cooled lithium-ion battery module
Authors: Ordóñez Walter , Paccha-Herrera Edwin , Chávez-Romero Raúl , Coronel-Villavicencio Iván , Ramírez-Cabrera Fernando , Ortega-Reyes Cristian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries are extensively used in sectors such as telecommunications, industry, military and aerospace applications due to their high energy density and long lifespan. The phenomenon of thermal runaway, characterized by an exponential increase in temperature within the cells, poses a serious risk because of the potential rupture of the cell casing and the release of flammable gases, which can propagate to adjacent cells and the entire system. This research focused on modeling the impact of cell spacing in lithium-ion battery modules with air cooling on thermal runaway by using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. The semi-empirical NTGK model through ANSYS Fluent software was employed. Different cell arrangements were evaluated under thermal abuse conditions. Models under forced convection at 2 m/s and cell spacing of 28 mm and 38 mm successfully prevented the temperature from exceeding 200 °C, thereby avoiding the onset of thermal runaway and demonstrating a trend towards temperature reduction, indicating an effective thermal management.
Simulation and Analysis of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator: A Case Study at the Villonaco Wind Farm
Authors: Hoyos María Alicia , Ramirez-Cabrera Fernando , Chuncho-Morocho Juan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Wind energy is currently instrumental in the transition to sustainable energy systems. Modern wind turbines, such as DFIGs, operate at variable speed and offer efficiency. The Villonaco Wind Farm, located in rugged terrain at high altitude, presents a unique case to examine the performance of these turbines. The objective is to analyze the performance of a DFIG under the specific conditions of the CEV. A DFIG generator was designed and modeled in Matlab/Simulink, using power converters with PWM modulation and vector control. A wound rotor induction machine was simulated with the stator connected to the grid. The simulation showed that variations in air density significantly affect rotor currents and electromagnetic torque. As wind speed increases, the difference in generated power between the two densities also increases, indicating higher conversion efficiency in denser air conditions. At a wind speed of 5 m/s, the power generated at a density of 1.225 kg/m3 is 186.842 W, while at a density of 0.89 kg/m3 it is 136.475 W, resulting in a 26.96% decrease in power generated. This indicates that the specific conditions of Villonaco benefit the use of DFIG. This study will serve for future research in the optimization of wind turbines in terrain with similar conditions.
Phytoplankton community structure in the habitat of the endemic fish species Bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis Blkr) in Lake Singkarak, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Sulastri S , Nasution S H , Syawal M S , Akhdiana Ira 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis Blkr.) is an endemic fish species with a high commodity value of inland fisheries in Lake Singkarak. The bilih population has declined due to over exploitation and environmental degradation. The phytoplankton community structure in the fish habitat of bilih was analyzed to assess the ecological status of the habitat and to suggest any bilih fish management measures. Phytoplankton and water quality data was collected at 12 stations, including littoral and pelagic habitats, in September 2022, May 2023 and July 2023. Water quality, such as temperature, pH, DO, turbidity, conductivity, and TDS, is suitable for fish and phytoplankton growth. We identified 52 species of phytoplankton from six divisions. Phytoplankton composition consists of Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Pyrrophyta, Euglenophyta, and Cryptophyta. Cyanophyta contributing 73% to 83% characterized by high transparency was recorded in Paninggahan, Sumpur, and Ngalao stations, especially in May 2023. Based on the phytoplankton abundance range of 159 to 12200 individuals/L and the functional group of phytoplankton, the status of the bilih habitat is meso-eutrophic. The dominant phytoplankton changed during observation periods. Ulotrix sp. and Ceratium hirudinella were dominant in September 2022, while Cylindrosperopsis raciborskii and Pseudoanabaena were dominant in May 2003. The dominant phytoplankton species in July 2023 were Synedra ulna, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, and Merismopedia sp. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index range of 0.309 to 2.186 showed that that water quality condition was moderately polluted. The species richness index showed a wide range from 0.986 to 3.129. Monitoring water quality and phytoplankton community is important to prevent the possibility of cyanobacteria blooming. Conservation areas of bilih should be implemented in stations with a low abundance of Cyanophyta.
Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from Rangkui River
Authors: Sugiarti  , Nafisyah E , Melati I , Lukman  , Nurtjahya E , Maghfiroh M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Rangkui River has served the locals in Bangka Island as a significant freshwater resource. Unfortunately, it has shown water quality deterioration over the past decades. Various land-uses on the catchment area allegedly have contributed to changing water quality of the river. In the previous investigation in 2017, it was revealed that the highest and lowest abundance of coliform were found in downstream and upstream area, respectively, which were also associated with the particular water qualities being observed in each sampling sites. Further in this study, bacterial isolates of interest obtained from Rangkui River were tested for the antibiotic susceptibility pattern. The spectrum of antibiotic susceptibility among bacteria depicts how well the isolates respond to the differing concentrations of some certain antibiotics. Two antibiotics were selected i.e., ampicillin and tetracycline. The paper strips for testing were equipped with the increasing concentrations of antibiotics from 0.016 to 256 µg/mL. It was interesting that isolate X4 and X6 showed resistance upon ampicillin up to 256 µg/mL. One isolate (X6) surprisingly demonstrated resistance to tetracycline from 0.016 to 256 µg/mL. Isolate X4 was identified to be more similar to the genus of Escherichia whereas X6 was genetically closer to Acinetobacter according to BLASTn 16S rRNA database. Other isolates were susceptible to tetracycline and ampicillin with the tested concentrations ranging from 0.50 to 256 µg/mL. These findings not only raise the concerns over the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria but also encourage actions and hygiene practices to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance.
The effect of tides on the dynamics of water quality in Indonesian tropical tidal lakes
Authors: Muhtadi A , Leidonald R , Cordova M R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A tidal lake demonstrates dynamic water characteristics significantly influenced by tidal dynamics. Lake Siombak, situated in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia, serves as a prime example of such a tropical tidal lake. This research aims to investigate the impact of tidal dynamics and cycles on the water quality of Lake Siombak. Water quality assessments were conducted across multiple periods, including November 2018, February, June, and August 2019, coinciding with both full moon and neap tides. Various parameters, including temperature, salinity, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), were scrutinized. Sampling occurred at eight predetermined locations throughout Siombak Lake, with measurements taken at both surface and bottom water levels. Data analysis, employing descriptive techniques, was conducted in association with tidal phenomena. Findings revealed that measurements of temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen exhibited no significant difference between full moon and neap tides, irrespective of high or low tide conditions. In contrast, salinity, TDS, EC, BOD, and COD measurements showcased varying effects between high and low tides across all seasons. Notably, values for salinity, TDS, EC, BOD, and COD during early tide consistently displayed lower levels compared to those during full moon periods.
Physical and chemical characteristics of the water quality associated with macrophytes community in Chenderoh Reservoir, Malaysia
Authors: Ismail S N , Mansor A , Ahmad A , Mansor M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A study was conducted From June 2015 to May 2016 on the spatial and temporal changes of physico-chemical parameters that were related to the distribution of the macrophytes community in Chenderoh Reservoir. Field sampling was carried out at eighteen sampling stations, spaced one kilometer apart, throughout the reservoir’s main river channel and embayments. The distribution of macrophyte species was surveyed using quadrat and line transect techniques. Several water quality measures were monitored in-situ at three distinct depths: the surface, Secchi depth, and the bottom. Water samples were also collected for additional examination. Total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3), orthophosphate (PO4), nitrite-nitrogen (NO2), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3), and chlorophyll a (Chl a) were all analyzed in the lab. The macrophyte population at Chenderoh Reservoir was shaped by a number of parameters, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, NH3, PO4, NO2, and NO3 (Secchi depth; SD), and Chl a. On the other hand, the sampling locations in the lotic ecosystem were found to be in an early mesotrophic condition, according to the current trophic state as determined by the concentration of Chl a (TSIChl), while the sample points in the lentic environment had a moderate to high mesotrophic status. This study showed that water quality characteristics, which are influenced by seasonality and fluctuations in water level caused by dam operation, predicted the distribution of macrophytes at all sampling locations in Chenderoh Reservoir. Macrophyte communities regulate the characteristics of water quality, which can serve as a natural filter and bioaccumulator while reducing the reservoir’s propensity for eutrophication. The diversity, distribution, and spatial and temporal scale dynamics of macrophytes in a shallow tropical reservoir are better understood as a result of this study.
Development of double-foil soft X-ray array imaging (DSXAI) diagnostic on HL-2A tokamak
Authors: XU 许 Hangqi 航齐 , LAN 兰 Tao 涛 , XU 许 Min 敏 , WANG 王 Zhanhui 占辉 , NIE 聂 Lin 林 , WU 吴 Jie 捷 , ZHANG 张 Sen 森 , ZU 祖 Yiming 一鸣 , LIU 刘 Yi 仪 , DONG 董 Yunbo 云波 , MAO 毛 Wenzhe 文哲 , CHEN 陈 Chen 晨 , WU 邬 Jiaren 佳仁 , LU 卢 Pengcheng 鹏程 , WANG 王 Tianxiong 天雄 , DONG 董 Qilong 期龙 , ZHOU 周 Yongkang 永康 , DENG 邓 Peng 鹏 , WANG 汪 Xingkang 兴康 , BAI 柏 Zeqi 泽琪 , HUANG 黄 Yuhua 玉华 , WEI 卫 Zian 子安 , WANG 汪 Hai 海 , WEN 温 Xiaohui 晓辉 , ZHOU 周 Haiyang 海洋 , ZHOU 周 Chu 楚 , LIU 刘 Ahdi 阿娣 , WU 吴 Zhengwei 征威 , XIE 谢 Jinlin 锦林 , LI 李 Hong 弘 , XIAO 肖 Chijin 持进 , DING 丁 Weixing 卫星 , CHEN 陈 Wei 伟 , ZHONG 钟 Wulyu 武律 , DUAN 段 Xuru 旭如 , LIU 刘 Wandong 万东 , ZHUANG 庄 Ge 革 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A 100-channel double-foil soft X-ray array imaging (DSXAI) diagnostic system has been developed for the HL-2A tokamak to obtain tomographic bremsstrahlung emissivity and electron temperature (T
e). This system employs a double-foil technique to determine T
e by comparing the soft X-ray (SXR) emissivities from the same plasma location through two beryllium (Be) foils of differing thickness. The DSXAI system comprises five photocameras mounted at two different poloidal cross-sections, separated toroidally by 15°, allowing for three distinct poloidal viewing angles. Each photocamera features 20 channels, offering a temporal resolution of approximately 4 μs and a spatial resolution of about 8 cm, with no channel overlap. Each photocamera contains two identical optical systems, each defined by an aperture slit and a photodiode array. The double-foil configuration is realized by placing these two optical systems, each with a different Be foil, in close proximity. Initial experimental results demonstrate that the DSXAI diagnostic system performs well, successfully reconstructing 2-dimensional (2D) tomographic SXR emissivity and T
e on the HL-2A tokamak. This study provides valuable insights for the future implementation of similar diagnostic systems on fusion reactors like ITER.
Unlocking the solar potential: elevating open circuit voltage in kesterite CZTS thin film solar cells through cutting-edge SCAPS modeling
Authors: Singh Pravin Kumar , Kulshrestha Upendra 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Kesterite-based CZTS thin-film solar cells are gaining recognition as a sustainable alternative to traditional photovoltaic technologies that rely on environmentally hazardous and costly absorber materials like c-Si, CdTe, and CIGS. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and 13 (Climate Action) are particularly relevant to CZTS technology. However, the efficiency of CZTS solar cells is currently constrained by the relatively low open circuit voltage (Voc), which remains a primary barrier to their widespread adoption. This study uses cutting-edge SCAPS modeling to identify and address CZTS solar cell Voc constraints. The study optimizes acceptor, donor, and neutral defect states, shunt resistance, and interface states to improve device performance. Optimizing these parameters improves Voc and power conversion efficiency using rigorous numerical simulations. By optimizing defect states, the proposed MoS2/CZTS/CdS/ZnO structure achieved an improved open-circuit voltage (Voc) of up to 1.10 V and an efficiency of up to 18.61%. This work makes solar energy more accessible and inexpensive by enhancing CZTS solar cell efficiency, especially in locations where conventional photovoltaic technologies are less practical due to economic or environmental constraints.
Asymptotically stable data-driven koopman operator approximation with inputs using total extended DMD
Authors: Lortie Louis , Forbes James Richard 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Koopman operator framework can be used to identify a data-driven model of a nonlinear system. Unfortunately, when the data is corrupted by noise, the identified model can be biased. Additionally, depending on the choice of lifting functions, the identified model can be unstable, even when the underlying system is asymptotically stable. This paper presents an approach to reduce the bias in an approximate Koopman model, and simultaneously ensure asymptotic stability, when using noisy data. Additionally, the proposed data-driven modeling approach is applicable to systems with inputs, such as a known forcing function or a control input. Specifically, bias is reduced by using a total least-squares, modified to accommodate inputs in addition to lifted inputs. To enforce asymptotic stability of the approximate Koopman model, linear matrix inequality constraints are augmented to the identification problem. The performance of the proposed method is then compared to the well-known extended dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) method and to the newly introduced forward–backward extended DMD method using a simulated Duffing oscillator dataset and experimental soft robot arm dataset.
Mitigation strategies can alleviate power system vulnerability to climate change and extreme weather: a case study on the Italian grid
Authors: Di Bella Alice , Colelli Francesco Pietro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study explores compounding impacts of climate change on power system’s load and generation, emphasising the need to integrate adaptation and mitigation strategies into investment planning. We combine existing and novel empirical evidence to model impacts on: (i) air-conditioning demand; (ii) thermal power outages; (iii) hydro-power generation shortages. Using a power dispatch and capacity expansion model, we analyse the Italian power system’s response to these climate impacts in 2030, integrating mitigation targets and optimising for cost-efficiency at an hourly resolution. We outline different meteorological scenarios to explore the impacts of both average climatic changes and the intensification of extreme weather events. We find that addressing extreme weather in power system planning will require an extra 5–8 GW of photovoltaic (PV) capacity, on top of the 50 GW of the additional solar PV capacity required by the mitigation target alone. Despite the higher initial investments, we find that the adoption of renewable technologies, especially PV, alleviates the power system’s vulnerability to climate change and extreme weather events. In fact, renewable energy sources are generally less vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, such as rising temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns, compared to thermal power and hydropower generation. Furthermore, enhancing short-term storage with lithium-ion batteries is crucial to counterbalance the reduced availability of dispatchable hydro generation.