bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of the 4,5‐dinitrofluorescein esters synthesis: formation of reduced species
Authors: Shekhovtsov Sergey V. , Shvets Elena H. , Kolosov Maksim A. , Omelchenko Iryna V. , Batrak Anastasiia S. , Mchedlov‐Petrossyan Nikolay O. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe problem of synthesising esters of fluorescein dyes has long been solved for the mother compound and its derivatives. The choice of an optimal method depends on the substituents in the xanthenes moiety and in the phthalic acid residue. To obtain alkyl esters of 4,5‐dinitrofluorescein, we used thionyl chloride in ethanol. However, several other products appeared, which were identified as reduced species resulting from hydride transfer. A similar picture was observed when using sulphuric acid instead of thionyl chloride. The formation of reduced species was demonstrated by hydrogen‐1 and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X‐ray analysis. In methanol, on the other hand, the esterification of the carboxylic group proceeds easily and with good yield. In the course of the current study, four new compounds of the fluorescein series were synthesised and characterised. The results show that nitro substitution in xanthenes favours dye reduction.
Primary mitral valve angiosarcoma: A multifaced ultra‐rare tumor
Authors: Akiash Nehzat , Mombeini Hoda , Gholizadeh Behnam , Jazayeri S.Nematollah , Azizidoost Shirin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMalignant primary cardiac valve tumors are extremely rare neoplasms usually remaining silent up to late advanced stages. Getting to know the various features of this latent tumor, which needs prompt intervention, can assist in the earlier diagnosis. Herein we report a 24‐year‐old woman with angiosarcoma that originated from the mitral valve and manifested itself through dyspnea and pulmonary edema. The case is noteworthy with respect to appealing echocardiographic images.
Gamma‐glutamyl transferase and cardiovascular events in patients with congenital heart disease
Authors: Martínez‐Quintana Efrén , Pardo‐Maiza Javier , Déniz‐Alvarado Beatriz , Riaño‐Ruiz Marta , González‐Martín Jesús María , Rodríguez‐González Fayna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionSerum gamma‐glutamyl transferase activity (GGT) seems to predict cardiovascular events in different populations. However, no data exist on patients with congenital heart disease (CHD).MethodsObservational, analytic, prospective cohort study design involving CHD patients and a control population to determine the effect of GGT levels on survival.ResultsA total of 589 CHD patients (58% males, 29 ± 14 years old) and 2745 matched control patients were followed up. A total of 69 (12%) CHD patients had a major acute cardiovascular event (MACE) during the follow‐up time (6.1 [0.7–10.4] years). Patients with CHD and a GGT >60 U/L were significantly older, more hypertensive and dyslipidemic, had a worse NYHA functional class and a greater anatomical complexity than CHD patients with a GGT ≤60 U/L. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, a great CHD anatomical complexity, and having atrial fibrillation/flutter were the predictive factors of higher GGT levels (>60 U/L). The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with CHD and a GGT concentration above 60 UL showed the lowest probability of survival compared to that of CHD with GGT ≤60 U/L and controls irrespective of their GGT concentrations (p < .001). Similarly, the multivariable Cox regression analysis found an independent association between higher GGT levels (>60 U/L) and a worse prognosis (HR 2.44 [1.34–4.44], p = .003) among patients with CHD.ConclusionPatients with CHD showed significant higher GGT levels than patients in the control group having those with higher GGT concentrations (>60 U/L) the worst survival.
Vortioxetine as an analgesic in preclinical inflammatory pain models: Mechanism of action
Authors: Todorović Marija , Micov Ana , Nastić Katarina , Tomić Maja , Pecikoza Uroš , Vuković Milja , Stepanović‐Petrović Radica 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVortioxetine is a novel atypical antidepressant with multimodal activity that has recently demonstrated efficacy against neuropathic pain. There is no published data about its analgesic properties in models characterized by peripheral inflammation and consequent pain pathway sensitization, nor data on its mechanism of antinociceptive action. This study aimed to investigate vortioxetine's antinociceptive/antihyperalgesic effects in trigeminal, visceral, and somatic inflammatory pain models, and provide evidence on its mechanism of action in the modulation of trigeminal nociception. Vortioxetine's effects on the nociceptive behavior in orofacial formalin test (OFT) and acetic acid‐writhing test in mice and on mechanical hyperalgesia in carrageenan‐induced paw inflammation in rats were examined following peroral single administration. The involvement of serotonergic/adrenergic/cholinergic/cannabinoid/adenosine receptors was evaluated in OFT by intraperitoneally treating mice with an appropriate antagonist immediately after vortioxetine application. We used antagonists of 5‐HT1B/1D serotonergic (GR 127935), α1‐adrenergic (prazosin), α2‐adrenergic (yohimbine), β1‐adrenergic (metoprolol), muscarinic (atropine), α7 nicotinic (methyllycaconitine), CB1/CB2 cannabinoid (AM251 and AM630), and adenosine A1 (DPCPX) receptors. Vortioxetine dose‐dependently reduced pain behavior in OFT and acetic acid writhing test, as well as inflammatory hyperalgesia in paw pressure test. All examined antagonists except prazosin dose‐dependently inhibited vortioxetine's antinociceptive effects. In conclusion, vortioxetine exerted analgesic efficacy in trigeminal, visceral, and somatic inflammatory pain. The effect is at least in part mediated by 5‐HT1B/1D serotonergic, α2/β1‐adrenergic, muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic, CB1/CB2 cannabinoid, and adenosine A1 receptors. These findings contribute to better understanding of the analgesic effect of vortioxetine and suggest its potential usefulness for inflammatory pain treatment.
Global implications of crop‐based bioenergy with carbon capture and storage for terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity
Authors: Hanssen Steef V. , Steinmann Zoran J. N. , Daioglou Vassilis , Čengić Mirza , Van Vuuren Detlef P. , Huijbregts Mark A. J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) based on purpose‐grown lignocellulosic crops can provide negative CO2 emissions to mitigate climate change, but its land requirements present a threat to biodiversity. Here, we analyse the implications of crop‐based BECCS for global terrestrial vertebrate species richness, considering both the land‐use change (LUC) required for BECCS and the climate change prevented by BECCS. LUC impacts are determined using global‐equivalent, species–area relationship‐based loss factors. We find that sequestering 0.5–5 Gtonne of CO2 per year with lignocellulosic crop‐based BECCS would require hundreds of Mha of land, and commit tens of terrestrial vertebrate species to extinction. Species loss per unit of negative emissions decreases with: (i) longer lifetimes of BECCS systems, (ii) less overall deployment of crop‐based BECCS and (iii) optimal land allocation, that is prioritizing locations with the lowest species loss per negative emission potential, rather than minimizing overall land use or prioritizing locations with the lowest biodiversity. The consequences of prevented climate change for biodiversity are based on existing climate response relationships. Our tentative comparison shows that for crop‐based BECCS considered over 30 years, LUC impacts on vertebrate species richness may outweigh the positive effects of prevented climate change. Conversely, for BECCS considered over 80 years, the positive effects of climate change mitigation on biodiversity may outweigh the negative effects of LUC. However, both effects and their interaction are highly uncertain and require further understanding, along with the analysis of additional species groups and biodiversity metrics. We conclude that factoring in biodiversity means lignocellulosic crop‐based BECCS should be used early to achieve the required mitigation over longer time periods, on optimal biomass cultivation locations, and most importantly, as little as possible where conversion of natural land is involved, looking instead to sustainably grown or residual biomass‐based feedstocks and alternative strategies for carbon dioxide removal.
Screening for portopulmonary hypertension using computed tomography‐based measurements of the main pulmonary artery and ascending aorta diameters in patients with portal hypertension
Authors: Ishikawa Tsuyoshi , Egusa Maho , Kawamoto Daiki , Nishimura Tatsuro , Sasaki Ryo , Saeki Issei , Sakaida Isao , Takami Taro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of identifying candidates of portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) from general portal hypertension patients based on chest computed tomography (CT) results.MethodsOne hundred and thirty patients with portal hypertension who had undergone interventional radiology therapies at our hospital between August 2011 and July 2021 were included, and preoperative clinical data were collected. Suspicious PoPH was defined as main pulmonary artery diameter (mPA‐D) ≥ 29 mm or the ratio of mPA‐D to ascending aorta diameter (mPA‐D/aAo‐D) ≥ 1.0, and probable PoPH as mPA‐D ≥ 33 mm based on the chest CT. Prevalence of suspicious and probable PoPH was evaluated, and the differences in clinical characteristics of each population were compared.ResultsOverall, 29 (22.3%) and 5 (3.8%) patients were categorized as suspicious and probable PoPH, respectively. Univariate analyses revealed that female sex, higher shortest diameter of inferior vena cava, presence of portosystemic shunts ≥ 5 mm, and lower blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly associated with suspicious PoPH (p < 0.05). Multivariate analyses identified all four factors as significantly independent determinants of suspicious PoPH (p < 0.05). In addition, among the population of suspicious PoPH, there were significant differences in seven parameters, including total bilirubin levels and spleen volume between patients with and without probable PoPH (p < 0.05). However, no significant independent indicators of probable PoPH were found.ConclusionsCT‐based measurements of mPA‐D and mPA‐D/aAo‐D have the potential to screen patients with suspicious PoPH in clinical practice focused on portal hypertension.
A bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most‐cited case reports and case series in Endodontic journals
Authors: Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Jacimovic Jelena , Jakovljevic Aleksandar , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero , Dummer Paul M. H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo identify the top 100 most‐cited case reports and case series published in Endodontic journals and to analyse their bibliometric characteristics.MethodologyThe Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science (WoS), Scopus and PubMed databases were used to identify the top 100 most‐cited case reports and case series in Endodontic journals. Complete bibliographic records of the selected case reports and case series were exported in plain text or BibTeX format and imported into the R environment for statistical computing and graphics. The following parameters were then analysed: names and affiliations of the authors, title, year of publication, journal of publication, first author, corresponding author, literature cited within reports, language, citation counts, impact factor of the journal, keywords, Keywords Plus and research topic.ResultsIn total, 88 case reports and 12 case series published in English between 1977 and 2016 were identified as the most‐cited reports in the field of Endodontics. The terms “case report(s)” or “case series” were not included in the title of 57 articles. The number of authors per report ranged from one to seven, with the average number of co‐authors per report being 3.14. The most‐cited author was M Trope (University of Pennsylvania, USA). The University of Washington and Private Practice, Cetraro, Italy, were the most productive institutions. The country whose case reports received the largest total number of citations was the United States. The largest number of the most‐cited reports appeared in 2002, 2004 and 2007 (n = 7, respectively). According to the WoS database, the total number of citations ranged from 42 to 453, with the average number of citations per report being 79.97. The majority of the top 100 most‐cited articles were published in the Journal of Endodontics and the International Endodontic Journal. The most frequently used author keywords were revascularization and mineral trioxide aggregate. The majority of the case reports and case series dealt with topics related to pulp regeneration.ConclusionThis bibliometric study provides a comprehensive overview on the progress, trends and current directions in clinical practice within the field of Endodontics.
Fabrication and performances of WC‐Co cemented carbide with a low cobalt content
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Hui , Wang Kai‐Fei , Zhang Guo‐Hua , Chou Kuo‐Chih 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWC‐Co cemented carbides with a low cobalt content (≤3 wt.%) were successfully manufactured by the powder metallurgy method. The cobalt content is lower than conventional cemented carbide (3–30 wt.%), which makes the prepared alloys possess excellent hardness. The effects of cobalt content on the densification behavior, phase composition, micromorphology, and mechanical performances of cemented carbides were investigated in detail. The results revealed that all the sintered alloys were almost completely consolidated with a relative density of greater than 98.0%. Moreover, abnormal grain growth was observed, and the inhomogeneity of WC grains decreased with the increment in cobalt content. In order to obtain cemented carbides with homogeneous microstructure and outstanding performances, VC was added to inhibit grain growth. Microstructure and performances were significantly affected by the addition of VC. The maximum Vickers hardness of cemented carbides without the addition of vanadium was 2234 HV30, while the fracture toughness was 7.96 MPa·m1/2after sintering WC‐2 wt.%Co. After adding VC, the ultimate hardness and fracture toughness of WC‐3 wt.%Co‐0.5 wt.%VC alloy could reach 2200 HV30 and 8.61 MPa·m1/2, respectively. In addition, the obvious crack deflexion and transgranular behavior can be noticed, which can prevent the extension of crack and achieve an increase in fracture toughness of cemented carbides.
Antioxidant activity and stability of endogenous peptides from farmed hybrid catfish (Clarias macrocephalus × Clarias gariepinus) muscle
Authors: Chaijan Manat , Rodsamai Tanutchaporn , Charoenlappanit Sawanya , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Panya Atikorn , Phonsatta Natthaporn , Cheong Ling‐Zhi , Panpipat Worawan 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe antioxidant activity and stability of endogenous peptides isolated from farmed hybrid catfish (Clarias macrocephalus × Clarias gariepinus) muscle (EPC) were characterised. EPC contained 69 peptides with 8–24 amino acid residues, varying hydrophobic amino acid (HBA) content and distinct sequences. Among the top five, peptides discovered in EPC were ARHSYGMLYCSCPPND, DTQAARKSDDDD, AEFPCGDRRC, AAVTEELFFAGL and LILQRRKFLRMKREKYGFIYKTHL. Histidine (16.33%) and tryptophan (15.66%) were the most common amino acids found in EPC. EPC demonstrated concentration‐dependent free radical (DPPH•/ABTS•+) and hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging activities, as well as metal chelating ability. The effect of pH, heating temperature and in vitro digestion on EPC's DPPH• scavenging activity was studied. Lowering the pH and increasing the heating temperature to 90 °C increased the DPPH• inhibitory activity. However, after in vitro digestion, around 44% of DPPH• inhibition was reduced. The findings confirmed that farm‐raised hybrid catfish muscle contained endogenous peptides with antioxidant properties.
Extraction of phenolic compounds from oregano using high voltage electrical discharges–sustainable perspective
Authors: Nutrizio Marinela , Režek Jambrak Anet , Rezić Tonči , Djekic Ilija 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe aim of the study was to observe the sustainability parameters of high voltage electrical discharge (HVED) as a novel technology for extraction of phenolic compounds from oregano. The life cycle assessment (LCA) of HVED was evaluated and compared with conventional extraction methods–infusion and maceration. The results showed that HVED extraction with nitrogen gave 2.19%–34.04% higher yield of phenolic compounds compared to infusion and 6.13%–90.95% higher yield compared to maceration, depending on the voltage and treatment time used for HVED. The environmental pillar of LCA, assessed by global warming potential, ranged from 1.130 to 4.635 kg CO2e for HVED samples treated with nitrogen and from 1.207 to 4.487 kg CO2e for samples treated with argon, which was mainly related to the duration of treatment. Other pillars of sustainability, namely society, economy, food safety and quality, were discussed. HVED was found to be the more sustainable technology (based on the results from LCA), with prospects for future scale‐up for the food industry.
Influence of wheat starch on rheological, structural and physico‐chemical properties gluten–starch dough during mixing
Authors: Li Mingfei , Liu Chong , Hong Jing , Zheng Xueling , Lu Yujie , Bian Ke 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThis study mainly explored that the influence of wheat starch source on the rheology behaviours and structural properties of gluten–starch dough, and then the model doughs were prepared by the AK58 wheat gluten and three types of starches from strong (ZM366S), medium (AK58S) and weak gluten wheat (ZM103S) during mixing were studied. The damaged starch content of wheat starch was positively correlated with the wheat gluten strength, while the granule size was negatively. The G', G" and the extension resistance of ZM366S dough were higher than those of other doughs, which implied the source of starch also had a significant influence on the rheological properties. CLSM also observed that ZM366S was more closely bound to the gluten protein network. The glutenin macropolymer (GMP) content of ZM366S model dough was the highest, while the SH content was the lowest. Decreases in elasticity, extension and GMP, and small increase in SH content were displayed during dough mixing. Molecular forces were varied with different wheat starch and mixing time. The covalent bond was the main force between ZM103S and gluten, whereas the hydrogen and covalent bonds were the main force between ZM366S or AK58S and gluten. The interactions between ZM366 starch and gluten were stronger than others starch.
The globally re-emerging norovirus GII.2 manifests higher heat resistance than norovirus GII.4 and Tulane virus
Authors: Tan Malcolm Turk Hsern , Xue Liang , Wang Dapeng , Eshaghi Gorji Mohamad , Li Yan , Gong Zhiyuan , Li Dan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
To compare the heat stability of two globally prevalent human norovirus (HuNoV) strains (GII.2[P16] and GII.4[P16]) and a commonly used HuNoV surrogate, Tulane virus (TV).

Methods and Results
With the use of a newly developed zebrafish larvae platform, we measured the change of infectivity of HuNoV GII.2[P16] and GII.4[P16] toward mild heat treatment at 55°C for 5 min. TV was tested with the same experimental design. As a result, the virus infectivity measurement clearly indicated the higher heat resistance of HuNoV GII.2[P16] (no reduction) than GII.4[P16] (&gt;0.8-log TCID50 ml−1 reduction) and TV (2.5-log TCID50 ml−1 reduction). Further exploration revealed higher virus structural stability of HuNoV GII.2 than GII.4 strains by the use of different clinical samples with different evaluation methods.

Conclusion
The inactivation data generated from the surrogate virus TV cannot be used directly to describe the inactivation of HuNoV. The phylogenetic classification of HuNoVs may correlate with the virus stability and/or circulation dynamics.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study is expected to serve as an important reference when revisiting the numerous previous data evaluating HuNoV inactivation conditions in foods with the use of TV as the cultivable surrogate or with genuine HuNoV but using molecular methods. The higher resistance of NoV GII.2 strains than GII.4 strains toward inactivation treatment supplies a possible explanation for the global re-emerging of NoV GII.2 epidemic in recent years.
Immunomodulatory and ameliorative effects of probiotic in combination with diclazuril on broilers under coccidia infection
Authors: Memon Fareed Uddin , Leghari Imdad Hussain , Rajput Nasir , Gadahi Javaid Ali , Sahito Jam Zaheer Ahmed , Yang Yunqiao , Baig Mirza Baber , Laghari Farooque , Memon Hamid Ali , Si Hongbin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aim
This study aimed to determine the potential prophylactic efficacy of probiotic individually and/or in combination with anti-coccidial drug on the performance and immunity of broilers under an induced coccidial infection over a 28-day of experimental trial.

Methods
One hundred and eighty 1-day-old Cobb broiler chicks were randomly divided into five groups, included control group (CG), control positive group (CPG), probiotic-treated group (Prob), diclazuril-treated group (Dic), and probiotic + diclazuril-treated group (Prob + Dic). On day 21 of age, all birds, except group CG, were orally inoculated with 1 ml of tap water containing 25,000 Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts.

Results
Our results showed that the probiotic treatment did not influence pre-challenge body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR). During the post-challenge period, chickens in groups probiotic and diclazuril individually and in combination exhibited higher body weight and lower (better) FCR, reduced oocyst shedding (throughout the day four, five, six and seven post-infection), cecal lesions and mortality compared with control positive chickens. Moreover, Compared to CPG group, Prob + Dic group showed increased (p &lt; 0.05) serum levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) and decreased the concentrations of interferon gamma (IFN-γ). On the other hand, individual treatment with probiotic exhibited highest serum levels of IL-10 and IgM, while diclazuril alone increased the blood concentrations of IL-10 and decreased the levels of IFN-γ compared to control positive group; however, there was no significant effect of Prob on IFN-γ, Dic on IgM and all groups on interleukin-17.

Conclusion
In conclusion, supplementation of probiotic, with and/or without anti-coccidial drug, enhances immunity and inhibits the negative effects of Eimeria infection.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study reveals the anti-coccidial mechanisms of probiotic in the presence and absence of anti-coccidial drug in preventing the coccidia infection.