bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous and discrete-time survival prediction with neural networks
Authors: Kvamme Håvard , Borgan Ørnulf 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDue to rapid developments in machine learning, and in particular neural networks, a number of new methods for time-to-event predictions have been developed in the last few years. As neural networks are parametric models, it is more straightforward to integrate parametric survival models in the neural network framework than the popular semi-parametric Cox model. In particular, discrete-time survival models, which are fully parametric, are interesting candidates to extend with neural networks. The likelihood for discrete-time survival data may be parameterized by the probability mass function (PMF) or by the discrete hazard rate, and both of these formulations have been used to develop neural network-based methods for time-to-event predictions. In this paper, we review and compare these approaches. More importantly, we show how the discrete-time methods may be adopted as approximations for continuous-time data. To this end, we introduce two discretization schemes, corresponding to equidistant times or equidistant marginal survival probabilities, and two ways of interpolating the discrete-time predictions, corresponding to piecewise constant density functions or piecewise constant hazard rates. Through simulations and study of real-world data, the methods based on the hazard rate parametrization are found to perform slightly better than the methods that use the PMF parametrization. Inspired by these investigations, we also propose a continuous-time method by assuming that the continuous-time hazard rate is piecewise constant. The method, named PC-Hazard, is found to be highly competitive with the aforementioned methods in addition to other methods for survival prediction found in the literature.
Moments of identity: dynamics of artist, persona, and audience in electronic music
Authors: Formilan Giovanni , Stark David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn our account of artistic identities among electronic music artists, we point to the notion of persona as a key element in a triadic framework for studying the dynamics of identity. Building on pragmatist theory, we further draw on Pizzorno’s concept of mask and Luhmann’s notion of second-order observation to highlight the dual properties of persona: whether like a mask that is put on or like a probe that is put out, persona is a part that stands apart. Persona is an object that alter can recognize and by which ego can be recognized; but what is recognized defies the person’s complete control. We thus conceptualize identity as a multi-sided relationship that involves person, persona, and others. Building on our ethnographic research among electronic music artists in Berlin and New York, we characterize this relationship in terms of attachment between artist and persona, between artist and audience, and between persona and audience. These attachments are variable and independent from one another. The resulting model is an analytic tool to examine identity as the ongoing outcome of the three-way dynamics of such shifting attachments. We are attentive to persona because the creation and curation of online profiles have become a pervasive element in many people’s daily interactions in both social and work situations.
Grand challenges and entrepreneurship: Emerging issues, research streams, and theoretical landscape
Authors: Ricciardi Francesca , Rossignoli Cecilia , Zardini Alessandro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study discusses how the role of entrepreneurship in addressing the so-called “grand challenges” (e.g., poverty, inequality, pollution, climate change) is evolving and could further evolve, based on the ongoing conversation in the scholarly community. To develop the discussion, we conducted the following steps: (1) a computer-aided semantic analysis; (2) an analysis of the evolution of literature streams; and (3) a network analysis of advocated theories and approaches. All three analyses were based on a selection of 358 publications retrieved via a keyword search and 27 further publications retrieved via an analysis of five recent and relevant special issues published by important scientific journals. Our results show that the call to address grand challenges, particularly after the publication of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), is radically transforming entrepreneurship research, with new issues emerging and replacing traditional issues as core to the discipline, marking a rapid and complex dynamics of research stream divergence and convergence. Similarly, the network of theories and approaches advocated by recent agenda-setting articles depicts an emerging theoretical landscape that is highly innovative. This new theoretical landscape revolves around systems thinking and Ostrom’s theory of the commons as the two key poles, with the embeddedness, stakeholder, institutional, effectuation, processual, and design-oriented approaches being the cross-fertilizing forces linking these two poles. In the final section, we present the nine articles included in the special issue titled “Grand Challenges and Entrepreneurship: Emerging Issues and Research Streams” and briefly synthesize these in the light of the ongoing evolution of the literature.
Photoinduced E to Z isomerization of tetraphenylethylene derivatives within organometallic supramolecular assemblies
Authors: Liu Xiao-Xu , Li Yang , Li Xin , Hahn F. Ekkehardt , Han Ying-Feng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIsolation of E-1,2-bis(4-bromophenyl)-1,2-diphenyl-ethylene from the E/Z isomer mixture obtained by a McMurry coupling reaction and reaction of this isomer with imidazole followed by N-alkylation with nBuBr and anion exchange yielded the bisimidazolium tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivative H2-E-1(PF6)2. The reaction of H2-E-1(PF6)2 with Ag2O yielded the di-nuclear metallarectangle [Ag2(E-1)2](PF6)2 where the two bis-NHC donors E-1 bridge two silver atoms. Irradiation of [Ag2(E-1)2](PF6)2 leads to E/Z isomerization of the di-NHC ligand and formation of Z-1 in the mononuclear complex [Ag(Z-1)]PF6. Demetallation of the di-NHC ligand with NH4Cl/NH4PF6 yielded bisimidazolium salt H2-Z-1(PF6)2. The unique isomerization of the E-TPE derivative into its Z-isomer via metal complex formation/irradiation/demetallation cannot be achieved by irradiation of the individual imidazolium salt. The emissive properties of the TPE complexes [Ag2(E-1)2](PF6)2 and [Ag(Z-1)]PF6 have been investigated.
Are Veterans Getting Their Preferred Depression Treatment? A National Observational Study in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Leung Lucinda B. , Ziobrowski Hannah N. , Puac-Polanco Victor , Bossarte Robert M. , Bryant Corey , Keusch Janelle , Liu Howard , Pigeon Wilfred R. , Oslin David W. , Post Edward P. , Zaslavsky Alan M. , Zubizarreta Jose R. , Kessler Ronald C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Physician responsiveness to patient preferences for depression treatment may improve treatment adherence and clinical outcomes.

Objective
To examine associations of patient treatment preferences with types of depression treatment received and treatment adherence among Veterans initiating depression treatment.

Design
Patient self-report surveys at treatment initiation linked to medical records.

Setting
Veterans Health Administration (VA) clinics nationally, 2018–2020.

Participants
A total of 2582 patients (76.7% male, mean age 48.7 years, 62.3% Non-Hispanic White)

Main Measures
Patient self-reported preferences for medication and psychotherapy on 0–10 self-anchoring visual analog scales (0=“completely unwilling”; 10=“completely willing”). Treatment receipt and adherence (refilling medications; attending 3+ psychotherapy sessions) over 3 months. Logistic regression models controlled for socio-demographics and geographic variables.

Key Results
More patients reported strong preferences (10/10) for psychotherapy than medication (51.2% versus 36.7%, McNemar χ21=175.3, p<0.001). A total of 32.1% of patients who preferred (7–10/10) medication and 21.8% who preferred psychotherapy did not receive these treatments. Patients who strongly preferred medication were substantially more likely to receive medication than those who had strong negative preferences (odds ratios [OR]=17.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]=12.5–24.5). Compared with patients who had strong negative psychotherapy preferences, those with strong psychotherapy preferences were about twice as likely to receive psychotherapy (OR=1.9; 95% CI=1.0–3.5). Patients who strongly preferred psychotherapy were more likely to adhere to psychotherapy than those with strong negative preferences (OR=3.3; 95% CI=1.4–7.4). Treatment preferences were not associated with medication or combined treatment adherence. Patients in primary care settings had lower odds of receiving (but not adhering to) psychotherapy than patients in specialty mental health settings. Depression severity was not associated with treatment receipt or adherence.

Conclusions
Mismatches between treatment preferences and treatment type received were common and associated with worse treatment adherence for psychotherapy. Future research could examine ways to decrease mismatch between patient preferences and treatments received and potential effects on patient outcomes.
Numerical visualization of drop and opening process for parachute-payload system adopting fluid–solid coupling simulation
Authors: Chen Binqi , Wang Yiding , Zhao Chendi , Sun Yi , Ning Leiming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn order to study the fluid–solid coupling dynamic characteristics of parachute-payload system during drop process and analyze the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics under finite mass opening conditions, an adaptive moving fluid mesh method is developed on the basis of the existing arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) fluid–solid coupling method. The calculation results of open force and drop velocity on the C-9 parachute demonstrate the effectiveness of this method. On this basis, the effect of canopies with three different permeability on parachute-payload system motion characteristic including opening property, steady descent property and stability is studied. Comparative analysis is conducted for structures and characteristics of vortex with different canopy materials, and interference mechanism of unsteady flow for parachute-payload system in unsteady oscillation is revealed. The results show that the adaptive moving fluid mesh method can effectively eliminate restrictions of existing simulation methods for parachute-payload system and significantly reduce calculation time. For the lightweight parachute, permeability has significant effect on kinetic characteristic of parachute-payload system. Canopy with large permeability has small opening load and structural stress in opening stage. After opening, there are mainly small vortexes distributed evenly behind the canopy with good stability. However, canopy with small permeability has obvious breath behavior and oscillation in opening stage. The main vortexes periodically shed off after opening. With the change of permeability from small to large, Parachute-payload system eventually presents three steady descent modes: conical descent, gliding descent and stable vertical descent.
Graphical abstract
Mostar index and edge Mostar index of polymers
Authors: Ghanbari Nima , Alikhani Saeid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLet $$G=(V,E)$$

G
=
(
V
,
E
)

be a graph and $$e=uv\in E$$

e
=
u
v
∈
E

. Define $$n_u(e,G)$$

n
u

(
e
,
G
)

be the number of vertices of G closer to u than to v. The number $$n_v(e,G)$$

n
v

(
e
,
G
)

can be defined in an analogous way. The Mostar index of G is a new graph invariant defined as $$Mo(G)=\sum _{uv\in E(G)}|n_u(uv,G)-n_v(uv,G)|$$

M
o

(
G
)

=

∑

u
v
∈
E
(
G
)

|

n
u

(
u
v
,
G
)

-

n
v

(
u
v
,
G
)

|

. The edge version of Mostar index is defined as $$Mo_e(G)=\sum _{e=uv\in E(G)} |m_u(e|G)-m_v(G|e)|$$

M

o
e

(
G
)

=

∑

e
=
u
v
∈
E
(
G
)

|

m
u

(
e
|
G
)

-

m
v

(
G
|
e
)

|

, where $$m_u(e|G)$$

m
u

(
e
|
G
)

and $$m_v(e|G)$$

m
v

(
e
|
G
)

are the number of edges of G lying closer to vertex u than to vertex v and the number of edges of G lying closer to vertex v than to vertex u, respectively. Let G be a connected graph constructed from pairwise disjoint connected graphs $$G_1,\ldots ,G_k$$

G
1

,
…
,

G
k

by selecting a vertex of $$G_1$$

G
1

, a vertex of $$G_2$$

G
2

, and identifying these two vertices. Then continue in this manner inductively. We say that G is a polymer graph, obtained by point-attaching from monomer units $$G_1,\ldots ,G_k$$

G
1

,
…
,

G
k

. In this paper, we consider some particular cases of these graphs that are of importance in chemistry and study their Mostar and edge Mostar indices.
Numerical simulation and optimization of aerodynamic uplift force of a high-speed pantograph
Authors: Dai Zhiyuan , Li Tian , Zhou Ning , Zhang Jiye , Zhang Weihua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAiming at the problem that aerodynamic uplift forces of the pantograph running in the knuckle-downstream and knuckle-upstream conditions are inconsistent, and their magnitudes do not satisfy the corresponding standard, the aerodynamic uplift forces of pantographs with baffles are numerically investigated, and an optimization method to determine the baffle angle is proposed. First, the error between the aerodynamic resistances of the pantograph obtained by numerical simulation and wind tunnel test is less than 5%, which indicates the accuracy of the numerical simulation method. Second, the original pantograph and pantographs equipped with three different baffles are numerically simulated to obtain the aerodynamic forces and moments of the pantograph components. Three different angles for the baffles are −17°, 0° and 17°. Then the multibody simulation is used to calculate the aerodynamic uplift force of the pantograph, and the optimal range for the baffle angle is determined. Results show that the lift force of the baffle increases with the increment of the angle in the knuckle-downstream condition, whereas the lift force of the baffle decreases with the increment of the angle in the knuckle-upstream condition. According to the results of the aerodynamic uplift force, the optimal angle of the baffle is determined to be 4.75° when the running speed is 350 km/h, and pantograph–catenary contact forces are 128.89 N and 129.15 N under the knuckle-downstream and knuckle-upstream operating conditions, respectively, which are almost equal and both meet the requirements of the standard EN50367:2012.
On $$F_3(k,n)$$-numbers of the Fibonacci type
Authors: Özkan Engin , Yilmaz Nur Şeyma , Włoch Andrzej 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study a generalization of Narayana’s numbers and Padovan’s numbers. This generalization also includes a sequence whose elements are Fibonacci numbers repeated three times. We give combinatorial interpretations and a graph interpretation of these numbers. In addition, we examine matrix generators and determine connections with Pascal’s triangle.
The teaching of computer ethics on computer science and related degree programmes. a European survey
Authors: Stavrakakis Ioannis , Gordon Damian , Tierney Brendan , Becevel Anna , Murphy Emma , Dodig-Crnkovic Gordana , Dobrin Radu , Schiaffonati Viola , Pereira Cristina , Tikhonenko Svetlana , Gibson J. Paul , Maag Stephane , Agresta Francesco , Curley Andrea , Collins Michael , O’Sullivan Dympna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWithin the Computer Science community, many ethical issues have emerged as significant and critical concerns. Computer ethics is an academic field in its own right and there are unique ethical issues associated with information technology. It encompasses a range of issues and concerns including privacy and agency around personal information, Artificial Intelligence and pervasive technology, the Internet of Things and surveillance applications. As computing technology impacts society at an ever growing pace, there are growing calls for more computer ethics content to be included in Computer Science curricula. In this paper we present the results of a survey that polled faculty from Computer Science and related disciplines about teaching practices for computer ethics at their institutions. The survey was completed by respondents from 61 universities across 23 European countries. Participants were surveyed on whether or not computer ethics is taught to Computer Science students at each institution, the reasons why computer ethics is or is not taught, how computer ethics is taught, the background of staff who teach computer ethics and the scope of computer ethics curricula. This paper presents and discusses the results of the survey.
Nanocrystals perovskites photocatalyzed singlet oxygen generation for light-driven organic reactions
Authors: Corti Marco , Chiara Rossella , Romani Lidia , Mannucci Barbara , Malavasi Lorenzo , Quadrelli Paolo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLead halide perovskite nanocrystals were prepared and used as photocatalysts for the in situ 1O2 generation to perform hetero Diels–Alder, ene and oxidation reactions with suitable dienes and alkenes. The methodology has been reasonably standardized and made applicable to a variety of olefinic substrates. The scope of the method is finely illustrated by the results in all the tested reactions, which allowed to obtain desymmetrized hydroxy-ketone derivatives, unsaturated ketones and epoxides. Some limitations were also observed especially in the case of the alkene oxidations as well as poor chemoselectivity was somewhere observed.
Graphic abstract
1O2 generated by lead halide perovskite nanocrystals as photocatalyst in organic reactions.
Community-engaged research in translational science: Innovations to improve health in Appalachia
Authors: Rhodes Scott D. , Ballard Parissa J. , Moore Keena R. , Klein Karen , Randall Isaiah , Lischke Michael , Vissman Aaron T. , Lengerich Eugene J. , Daniel Stephanie S. , Skelton Joseph A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Health disparities between Appalachia and the rest of the country are widening. To address this, the Appalachian Translational Research Network (ATRN) organizes an annual ATRN Health Summit. The most recent Summit was held online September 22–23, 2020, and hosted by Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Science Institute in partnership with the Northwest Area Health Education Center. The Summit, titled “Community-Engaged Research in Translational Science: Innovations to Improve Health in Appalachia,” brought together a diverse group of 141 stakeholders from communities, academic institutions, and the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) to highlight current research, identify innovative approaches to translational science and community-engaged research, develop cross-regional research partnerships, and establish and disseminate priorities for future Appalachian-focused research. The Summit included three plenary presentations and 39 presentations within 12 concurrent breakout sessions. Here, we describe the Summit planning process and implementation, highlight some of the research presented, and outline nine emergent themes to guide future Appalachian-focused research.
An algebraic treatment of the Askey biorthogonal polynomials on the unit circle
Authors: Vinet Luc , Zhedanov Alexei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A joint algebraic interpretation of the biorthogonal Askey polynomials on the unit circle and of the orthogonal Jacobi polynomials is offered. It ties their bispectral properties to an algebra called the meta-Jacobi algebra

$m\mathfrak {J}$

.
Impact of Clostridioides difficile infection on patient-reported quality of life
Authors: Han Zheyi , Lapin Brittany , Garey Kevin W. , Donskey Curtis J. , Deshpande Abhishek 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective:We investigated the quality of life (QoL) of patients hospitalized with C. difficile infection (CDI).Design:Prospective survey study.Setting:US tertiary-care referral center, acute-care setting.Participants:Adults hospitalized with a diagnosis of CDI, defined as ≥3 episodes of unformed stool in 24 hours and a positive laboratory test for C. difficile.Methods:We surveyed patients from July 2019 to March 2020 using the disease-specific Cdiff32 questionnaire and the generic PROMIS GH survey. We compared differences in Cdiff32 scores among demographic and clinical subgroups (including CDI severity, CDI recurrence, and various comorbidities) using 2-sample t tests. We compared PROMIS GH scores to the general population T score of 50 using 1-sample t tests. We performed multivariable linear regression to identify predictors of Cdiff32 scores.Results:In total, 100 inpatients (mean age, 58.6 ±17.1 years; 53.0% male; 87.0% white) diagnosed with CDI completed QoL surveys. PROMIS GH physical health summary scores (T = 37.3; P < .001) and mental health summary scores (T = 43.4; P < .001) were significantly lower than those of the general population. In bivariate analysis, recurrent CDI, severe CDI, and number of stools were associated with lower Cdiff32 scores. In multivariable linear regression, recurrent CDI, severe CDI, and each additional stool in the previous 24 hours were associated with significantly decreased Cdiff32 scores.Conclusions:Patients hospitalized with CDI reported low scores on the Cdiff32 and PROMIS GH, demonstrating a negative impact of CDI on QoL in multiple health domains. The Cdiff32 questionnaire is particularly sensitive to QoL changes in patients with recurrent or severe disease.
Ostracoda from the Santonian–Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Nenjiang and Sifangtai formations, Songliao Basin, northeastern China
Authors: Ye Yunqi , Xi Dangpeng , Sun Lixin , Do Carmo Dermeval Aparecido , Antonietto Lucas Silveira , Leite Amanda Moreira , Qin Zuohuan , Wan Xiaoqiao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite the abundant literature on limnic Cretaceous ostracode faunas, the database on mid-Late Cretaceous taxa is still scarce. The Songliao Basin in northeastern China preserves a diverse assemblage of ostracode fossils from the Santonian–Campanian Nenjiang and Sifangtai formations. This rather unique material is of major importance to comprehend Early to mid-Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Campanian) limnic ostracode faunas and therefore the evolution of Late Cretaceous basins in China. A study of this fauna was conducted to detail the taxonomy of ostracode species from members 1 and 2 of the Nenjiang and Sifangtai formations in the Songliao Basin. Well-preserved specimens of 14 ostracode species were recovered from samples of the ZKY2-1 well in southwestern Songliao Basin:Scabriculocypris liaukhenensisLiu in Netchaeva et al., 1959,Ilyocyprimorpha netchaevaeSu in Netchaeva et al., 1959,Cypridea accliniaNetchaeva in Netchaeva et al., 1959,Cypridea cavernosaGaleeva, 1955,Cypridea gracileNetchaeva in Netchaeva et al., 1959,Cypridea lepidaYe in DOFEAD, 1976,Cypridea squalidaSou in Netchaeva et al., 1959,Fabaeformiscandona?Disjuncta(Hao in Hao et al., 1974),Lycopterocypris profundaLübimova, 1956,Mongolocypris magna(Hou, 1958),Mongolocypris tera(Su in Netchaeva et al., 1959),Talicypridea obliquecostae(Szczechura and Błaszyk, 1970),Talicypridea reticulata(Szczechura, 1978) andRenicypris renalata(Su in Hao et al., 1974). Four of the species identified received emended descriptions and diagnoses. Other important results include the first discussion on sexual dimorphism inCypridea accliniaandFabaeformiscandona?disjuncta, the first study on the ontogeny ofIlyocyprimorpha netchaevae, and the reassignment ofCypridea liaukhenensisto the genusScabriculocypris. Several species recorded herein are also found in other continental far-eastern Asian basins, while genera range from worldwide to far-eastern Asian distribution; these results support strong affinities among faunas of Mongolia, China, and Japan.