bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The The PaO2/FiO2 ratio on admission is independently associated with prolonged hospitalization in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Zinellu Angelo , De Vito Andrea , Scano Valentina , Paliogiannis Panagiotis , Fiore Vito , Madeddu Giordano , Maida Ivana , Zinellu Elisabetta , Mangoni Arduino Aleksander , Arru Luigi Benedetto , Carru Ciriaco , Babudieri Sergio , Pirina Pietro , Fois Alessandro Giuseppe 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The early identification of factors that predict the length of hospital stay (HS) in patients affected by coronavirus desease (COVID-19) might assist therapeutic decisions and patient flow management.
Methodology: We collected, at the time of admission, routine clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters of hypoxia, lung damage, inflammation, and organ dysfunction in a consecutive series of 50 COVID-19 patients admitted to the Respiratory Disease and Infectious Disease Units of the University Hospital of Sassari (North-Sardinia, Italy) and alive on discharge.
Results: Prolonged HS (PHS, >21 days) patients had significantly lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio and lymphocytes, and significantly higher Chest CT severity score, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) when compared to non-PHS patients. In univariate logistic regression, Chest CT severity score (OR = 1.1891, p = 0.007), intensity of care (OR = 2.1350, p = 0.022), PaO2/FiO2 ratio (OR = 0.9802, p = 0.007), CRP (OR = 1.0952, p = 0.042) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (OR = 1.0039, p = 0.036) were significantly associated with PHS. However, in multivariate logistic regression, only the PaO2/FiO2 ratio remained significantly correlated with PHS (OR = 0.9164; 95% CI 0.8479-0.9904, p = 0.0275). In ROC curve analysis, using a threshold of 248, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio predicted PHS with sensitivity and specificity of 60% and 91%, respectively (AUC = 0.780, 95% CI 0.637-0.886 p = 0.002).
Conclusions: The PaO2/FiO2 ratio on admission is independently associated with PHS in COVID-19 patients. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding.
A mHealth intervention to promote hand-washing and cell phone cleaning in medical residents of a public hospital in Peru
Authors: Lazo-Porras Maria , Corante Matilde , De La Cruz-Saldaña Tania , Bohórquez Ingrid , Campos Kalina , Ricaldi Jessica , Malaga German 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: We explore the limitations to adherence of hand-washing and evaluate the impact of a mHealth intervention for hand hygiene in residents.
Methodology: We explore resident's perspectives about Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) and hand washing. In baseline, participants completed socio-demographic characteristics and hand-washing habits survey. The intervention consisted of sending SMS three times a week for two months about hand hygiene and “five moments” for hand washing. The cultures of hands and cell phones were analyzed at baseline, 2 months and 4 months. We used chi-square and adjusted Generalized Estimating Equations.
Results: Five physicians were interviewed and 33 participants were included for quantitative analysis. Critical barriers that hinder hand washing were identified. The proportion of Staphylococcus aureus in hands was 54.5% at baseline and was significantly reduced at 2 months follow-up (p = 0.009), but, benefit was lost when the intervention was discontinued; Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. were observed in 22.2% of hands, no changes were noted with intervention. In cell phones, there was a tendency to lower values of bacterial colonization after intervention for Staphylococcus aureus growth.
Conclusions: High prevalence of contamination in hands and phones in medical residents were found. Serious barriers to compliance with hand washing must be overcome. It is possible that prolonged or continuous interventions could be necessary to optimize hand washing and reduce hand and cell phones contamination.
Sleep Quality and Daytime Sleepiness in Prelicensure Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Blome Melissa J. , Johnson Michelle L. , Jones Mark A. , Moore Marilyn S. , Beck Mark F. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Nursing students need to learn about sleep health to provide safe patient care. The purpose of this study was to investigate sleep in nursing students and describe factors that affect their sleep.

Method:
This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design with a convenience sample from baccalaureate nursing programs in a midwestern region of the United States. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Sleep Hygiene Index.

Results:
Two hundred fifty-four nursing students reported poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and maladaptive sleep hygiene, regardless of their year of study or enrollment status. Behavior of technology use into the night was the most frequent reason why students lost sleep.

Conclusion:

Learning the importance of sleep hygiene, good sleep quality, and the associated health benefits may assist nursing students with achieving optimal daytime functioning. Consideration should be given to sleep health content as a thread through nursing curriculum.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(4):196–202.]
Immersion Experiences About Homelessness and Psychological Processes of Nursing Students: A Pilot Study
Authors: Opalinski Andra S. , Groton Danielle , Linette Donna , Newman David , Pratt Beth A. , D'Avolio Deborah 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Across disciplines, research findings demonstrate that positive exposure to members of stigmatized groups is effective in reducing social stigma. This study explored differences in nursing students' psychological processes about people experiencing homelessness related to a community immersion intervention.

Method:
This descriptive exploratory study examined change from pre- to postintervention. Linguistic inquiry and word count explores affective psychological and social psychological processes of undergraduate and graduate nursing students.

Results:
Average word use for overall affective and social psychological processes showed significant difference postimmersion intervention. No significant difference was found between affective and social processes postimmersion intervention in relation to nursing students' gender, previous experience with people experiencing homelessness, or previous nursing experience working in an emergency care setting.

Conclusion:

Affective and social psychological processes had significant differences after an immersion event. This supports that a well-designed immersion experience can be effective in both graduate and undergraduate programs and across student characteristics.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(4):216–219.]
Challenges of Preparing Nursing Students for Practice: The Faculty Perspective
Authors: Patterson Judith A. , Chrisman Matthew , Skarbek Anita , Martin-Stricklin Suzanne , Patel Sarah E. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
A significant challenge facing nursing is new graduate RNs' unreadiness for practice. To better understand the issue, this study presents the challenges nursing faculty encounter in preparing nursing students for clinical practice through semi-structured interviews.

Method:
Eight faculty from a private midwestern university's prelicensure Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program participated in the study. A modified version of Colaizzi's data analysis method was used to interpret the data.

Results:
Three main interrelated themes were identified: Facilitating Learning Among Today's Nursing Students, Teaching in an Era of Information Explosion and Health Care Reform, and Providing High-Quality Clinical Education.

Conclusion:

Findings from this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the challenges in preparing competent future nurses and offer insight into factors influencing the underpreparation of some new graduate BSN RNs.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(4):225–228.]
Slowenisch-deutscher Sprachkontakt gezeigt an der Sprachinsel Zarz/Sorica im Vergleich mit Kärnten
Authors: Pohl Heinz-Dieter 
Published: April 2021

Der slowenisch-deutsche Sprachkontakt in Krain und der deutsch-slowenische Sprachkontakt in Kärnten sind einander recht ähnlich. In beiden Ländern ist es dann vielfach zum Sprachwechsel gekommen, so z. B. in Zarz schon vor 1941/45. Der Sprachwechsel nördlich und südlich der Karawanken ging spiegelverkehrt vor sich: Zuerst setzte sich im Norden der deutsche Wort­schatz und dann die deutsche Grammatik durch, im Süden zuerst die slowenische Grammatik und später erst der slowenische Wortschatz.
Die angeführten Beispiele zeigen, dass das Erlöschen des Deutschen in Krain und des Sloweni­schen in Kärnten sehr ähnlich erfolgt ist. Auf Grund der deutschen und slowenischen Sprachstruktur ergeben sich durchaus vergleichbare und gleichwertige Übergangsstadien, die man oft als „Mischsprachen“ be­zeichnet hat, so in Kärnten als „Windisch“. Deren Sprecher hat man oft als „schwebendes Volkstum“ bezeichnet, doch dieses Wort hat allerdings auch andere (v. a. politische) Nebenbedeutungen. Doch realistisch gesehen handelt es sich hier um keine „Sprachen“, sondern um Sprachfor­men, die an Einzelpersonen gebunden sind, die sich im Status assimilationis befinden und im Grunde genommen „zweisprachig“ im wahr(st)en Sinn des Wortes sind, nicht aber um Gruppensprachen oder gar „Dialekte“ im engeren Sinn des Wortes. Somit ist der hier vorgestellte Dialekt ein gutes Beispiel für Sprachkontakt ganz allgemein, der letzten Endes zum Sprachwechsel führt.
Das Schicksal der deutschen Sprachminderheit in Slowenien
Authors: Ferenc Mitja 
Published: April 2021

Mit dem Zerfall der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie fand sich eine halbe Million Personen mit Deutsch als Muttersprache im neugegründeten jugoslawischen Staat wieder. Der kleinere Teil, rund 30.000, lebte im Jahr 1931 auf dem Gebiet des heutigen Slowenien, wo diese Menschen 2,5 % der Bevölkerung darstellten. Sie waren in wirtschaftlicher und sozialer Hinsicht der stärkste und am besten organisierte Teil der deutschen Sprachminderheit. Obwohl der Umfang der Rechte, die die Deutschen im Vergleich zu den übrigen Sprachminderheiten genossen, am größten war, waren diese immer von der jeweiligen Politik der jugoslawischen Regierungen abhängig.
Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg nutzten die neuen jugoslawischen Behörden die Ethnozid-Besatzungspolitik des deutschen Staates und vor allem die Mitwirkung eines Teils der Angehörigen der deutschen Minderheit an dieser Politik für die endgültige Auseinandersetzung mit den Deutschen aus. Zunächst wurden sie in Konzentrationslager gebracht und danach aus dem Staat vertrieben, wobei ihr Vermögen konfisziert wurde. Einige Hundert wurden außergerichtlich liquidiert. Die Auseinandersetzung mit den Deutschen in der Nachkriegszeit war so heftig, dass in Slowenien nur noch „verstreute Reste“ der Minderheit übrigblieben. Auf der Grundlage der Volkszählungen wird belegt, dass die Anzahl der Deutschen und Österreicher bzw. der Personen mit Deutsch als Muttersprache niemals wieder an nicht einmal ein Zehntel der Anzahl vor dem Krieg heranreichte. Neben der kleinen Anzahl zählen zu den weiteren Merkmalen der deutschsprachigen Volksgruppe ihre territoriale Zerstreuung, ihr Nicht-Autochthonismus, ihre hohe Umzugsfrequenz und auch eine spezifische, vom slowenischen Durchschnitt abweichende Bevölkerungsstruktur.
Bei der letzten Volkszählung im Jahr 2002 wurden nur 963 Personen mit Deutsch als Muttersprache gezählt. Nach dem Kriterium der Nationalität gab es 181 Österreicher und 499 Deutsche. Nach den demokratischen Veränderungen im Jahr 1990 wurden mehrere deutsche Vereine gegründet. Die Erwartungen der Republik Österreich bezüglich der verfassungsrechtlichen Anerkennung der deutschen Minderheit in Slowenien regelten die Staaten im Jahr 2001 mit einem Kulturabkommen. Mit diesem Abkommen sind weder die deutschsprachige Gemeinschaft in Slowenien noch die Republik Österreich zufrieden, weil sie eine verfassungsrechtliche Anerkennung der deutschen Sprachminderheit in Slowenien und Rechte erwarten, die mit denen der italienischen und ungarischen Minderheit vergleichbar wären.
Microbial contamination of Naira notes circulating in Bauchi metropolis: prevalence, microbial load and detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Usman M. , Sani J. , Ibrahim A. , Olowo-okere A. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Globally, contamination of banknotes with various microbial species is increasingly being reported. This usually results from improper handling during exchange of goods and services. In the present study, we aimed to determine the microbial load, prevalence and the presence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) among bacteria isolated from the Nigerian Naira notes circulating in Bauchi metropolis.Methodology: A total of 400 Naira notes of various denominations were randomly collected aseptically, cultured and total viable counts determined. The isolated microbial species were identified using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates and detection of ESBL were determined by Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method and Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST), respectively.Results: All the 400 samples collected were contaminated with various microbial species. The highest mean colony count was detected in 20 Naira notes (28.5%), while the least was observed in 1000 Naira note (3.3%). Fourteen different microbial species were isolated from the contaminated currency notes, predominantly Escherichia coli (25.0%), and Staphylococcus aureus (12.0%). Some fungal species mainly Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were also isolated. Majority of the bacteria isolates resistant to the third generation cephalosporins (72.1%) were ESBL positive.Conclusion: The study shows that Naira notes circulating in Bauchi metropolis were heavily contaminated with various microbial species, and a high proportion of the isolated Gram-negative bacteria were ESBL producers. Efforts should thus be made to improve hygiene practices in the study area. Importantly, businesses should be encouraged to adopt the use of electronic transactions.
Keywords: Currency notes, Naira, Microbial contamination, ESBL
Neglect of common infectious disease outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic: an impending crisis in Nigeria?
Authors: Soyemi T. 
Published: April 2021

Infectious diseases are major challenges of healthcare system in Nigeria. The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID19) pandemic has disrupted many systems including healthcare at all levels by creating disparities in the treatment, prevention, resource allocation and control of diseases in Nigeria. Premised on the foundation of circulating news and fact-checking platforms, this paper provides empirical evidence on varying perceptions on COVID-19 pandemic and apparent neglect of other infectious diseases while giving a critical analysis andcomparison between them.
Keywords: COVID-19; infectious diseases; neglect; Nigeria

French title: Négliger les flambées de maladies infectieuses courantes pendantla pandémie COVID-19: une crise imminente au Nigeria?
Les maladies infectieuses sont des défis majeurs du système de santé au Nigeria. La pandémie de coronavirus19 (COVID-19) a perturbé de nombreux systèmes, y compris les soins de santé à tous les niveaux, en créant des disparités dans le traitement, la prévention, l'allocation des ressources et le contrôle des maladies au Nigéria. Fondé sur la diffusion d'informations et de plates-formes de vérification des faits, cet article fournit des preuves empiriques sur les différentes perceptions de la pandémie de COVID-19 et la négligence apparente d'autres maladies infectieuses tout en fournissant une analyse critique et une comparaison entre elles.
Mots clés: COVID-19; maladies infectieuses; négligence; Nigeria
Parasitic contamination of some fruits and vegetables from major markets in Ede Town, Osun State, south-west Nigeria
Authors: Okunlola L.T. 
Published: April 2021

This study determined the prevalence of parasites on some common fruits and vegetables from major markets in Ede Town, Osun State, Nigeria. A total of two hundred and forty six (246) samples of fruits and vegetables were examined by sedimentation technique after washing using normal saline. The overall parasite prevalence was 37.4%. The highest rate of parasitic contamination (46.7%) was recorded in pineapples (Anana comosus) while oranges (Citrus sinensis) were the least contaminated (16.7%). For vegetables, African spinach (Spinacea oleracea) was the most contaminated (77.8%) while the least contaminated (2.2%) was celosia leaf (Celosia argentea). Ascaris lumbricoides was the most (21.7%) frequent parasitic contaminants on fruits and vegetables followed by Balantidium coli (19.6%) and then Hookworm (13.0%). Entamoeba histolytica and Strongyloides stercoralis had the same percentage of occurrence(12.0%) while Fasciolopsis buski (2.2%) was the least parasite found. The highest number of parasites was found in Timi Market with 46.2% fruits and 66.7% vegetables contaminated. Since eating raw fruits and vegetables is a potential source of transmission of intestinal parasites in the study area, it is important that consumers are educated on the need to always ensure proper washing of their fruits and vegetables.
Keywords: Fruits; vegetables; parasitic contamination; Ascaris lumbricoides; Ede Markets
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE (CSA) AWARENESS ON THE KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS AND PARENTS IN KENDARI
Authors: Zulaeni Esita  , Siradjuddin Muhammad Syukri , Rohmiati  
Published: April 2021

This study is a preliminary investigation to find out teacher and parents’ knowledge of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA), to find out teacher and parents attitudes towards CSA prevention education in school, and to find out what CSA topics that have been taught by teachers and parents with their children in Kendari. The data were collected by using questionnaires with 627 total respondents. The results revealed that the knowledge of teachers and parents’ CSA in Kendari is of average level. 59,6% of teacher and parents have enough information about CSA. Despite the average knowledge, they have a positive attitude (80.7%) towards CSA prevention education in school. Most of them (54.5%) report that they already implemented CSA prevention education for their children. Majority of teachers and parents (75,28%) admits to have heard about cases of CSA in Kendari. Most of them obtained information from TV/electronic media (44,54%), stories being passed around the neighborhood (19,33%), and from the other sources: newspapers, closed family, relatives, and children’s school. One of the sexual abuse cases which has been widely circulated among the respondents is a stepfather or a teacher who allegedly sexually harasses his child, and majority of people have committed CSA are from close family, such as: stepfather, teacher, neighbor, family friends, uncle, grandfather, or parent’s grocery subscription.
Keywords: awareness, child sexual abuse (CSA), teachers, parents
Desain Permainan Papan untuk Mengenal Rumah dan Pakaian Adat Pada Anak Prasekolah
Authors: Andi Ramlan  
Published: April 2021

Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki kekayaan yang luar biasa, mulai dari jumlah penduduk, sumber daya alam, hingga kebudayaan dan adat istiadat. Setiap daerah memiliki ciri khas budaya masing-masing mulai dari rumah adat, pakaian adat, upacara adat, alat musik, dll. Akan tetapi seiring perkembangan zaman, banyak kebudayaan-kebudayaan yang berangsur-angsur tergusur oleh perkembangan zaman, oleh sebab itu, pentingnya menanamkan kepada diri kita untuk cinta tanah air dan mencintai dengan sepenuh hati warisan budaya Indonesia yang perlu kita tanamkan sejak dini agar menjadi karakter anak bangsa yang nasionalisme. Untuk itu, anak-anak perlu dibekali wawasan tentang kekayaan kebudayaan Indonesia sejak usia prasekolah. Studi literatur dan observasi merupakan metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan untuk memperoleh informasi dalam perancangan permainan papan ini. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis desain dan analisis SWOT. Perancangan ini bertujuan untuk mengenalkan budaya Indonesia sejak dini dan menanamkan sikap kepedulian cinta tanah air. Hasil akhir dari perancangan ini berupa permainan papan sebagai media pengenalan budaya Indonesia pada anak prasekolah.
Kata kunci: anak prasekolah, budaya Indonesia, permainan papan.
Kepala Sekolah dan Kinerja Pegawai Tata Usaha
Authors: Najewan Najewan , Asrul Asrul , Safitri Apriani , Bakar Abu 
Published: April 2021

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kinerja pegawai tata usaha pada Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 3 Konawe Kabupaten Konawe. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif-deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah seleksi data, klasifikasi data dan menarik kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, menunjukan bahwa peran kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kinerja pegawai tata usah pada Madrasah Tsanawiah Negeri 3 Konawe Kabupaten Konawe yakni: kepala sekolah senantiasa melakukan kegiatan bimbingan dan memberiakan bantuan terhadap pembaruan pengelolaan administrasi sekolah dengan menggunakan teknologi yang lebih memadai dalam kinerja tata usaha, memberikan upah tambahan sebagai bentuk apresiasi terhadap pegawai yang menunjukan kinerjanya dan sebaliknya memberikan punishment dengan teguran terhadap pegawai yang malas dan memiliki kinerja rendah, melakukan komunikasi dan koordinasi dalam menyelasaikan masalah dalam pencatatan administrasi, pengelompokan, pengarsipan maupun dalam pelaporan administrasi sekolah. Dengan demikian seluruh kinerja pegawai tata usaha yang meliputi: mempersiapkan, melaksanakan, mengarsipkan, mengelompokkan, memelihara dan melaporkan seluruh administrasi sekolah dapat dilaksanakan secara efektif dan efisien.
Guru Kelas Sebagai Fasilitator Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Hasna Hasna , Kabiba Kabiba , Nurzaima Nurzaima 
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui peran guru kelas sebagai fasilitator di Sekalah Dasar Negeri 4 Batukara Kecamatan Batukara Kabupaten Muna. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah seleksi data, klasifikasi data dan menarik kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, menunjukan bahwa peran peran guru kelas sebagai fasilitator di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 4 Batukara Kecamatan Batukara Kabupaten Muna sudah menyediakan perangkat-perangkat pembelajaran. Guru menyadari bahwa untuk mengejar di sekolah Dasar guru kelas harus menjadi inisiator agar prosess belajar dapat berjalan maksimal dan tidak membebankan perangkat pembelajaran kepada siswa dalam pengadaannya maupun penyediaan fasilitas pembelajaran yaitu sarana dan prasarana yang dapat digunakan siswa-siswi dalam belajar. Guru kelas sudah bertindak sebagai mitra yaitu guru kelas selalu memberikan andil bagi siswa-siswi terlibat dalam proses belajar dan guru kelas bertindak sebagai mitra sehingga guru kelas dapat mengetahui karakter-karakter peserta didiknya. Guru kelas yang ada di SD Negeri 4 batukara sudah menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya.