bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and management of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Duggal Navneet , Mishra Akshita 
Published: November 2021

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopment disorder that deals with the antisocial behavior of the patient, verbal or nonverbal communication in first three year of birth, with lack of emotional understanding of patient as well as other and also do not point toward thing patient wants. Person suffering from ASD also suffer with seizures and half epileptic seizures as well. The patient also has Restricted, repetitive behavior, interests, or activities. The study for ASD describes that there are three type of ASD

•	Rett syndrome
•	Asperger's Syndrome.
•	Pervasive Development Disorder.

The etiology explains that ASD is not single disorder it comes with multiple functional disorder. Single gene mutation also responsible for development disorder as well. Development disorder due to single gene mutation the X chromosome become very fragile and leads to various number of brain and development disorders.
In diagnosis which doctor depend upon the behaviors of the patient, the patient does not make any eye contact and some associated behavior also include repetitive behavior, hand flapping. The major due to ASD is epileptic attack because of loss of white matter in brain.
Updates on FIGO Staging Classification and the New WHO Classification for Cancer of the Ovary
Authors: Begum Ferdousi , Chowdhury TA 
Published: November 2021

Background: The knowledge of different subtypes of ovarian cancer is improving with the progress in molecular pathological research. The WHO classification was revised,in parallel with the implementation of the new FIGO staging classification. The former is mainly based on the histopathological findings and defines the actual type of tumor. It has an important impact on prognosis and therapy of the patient.
Materials and methods: FIGO staging classification for cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, and peritoneum published by Jaime Prat and the new WHO Classification of Ovarian Cancer published by Robert Kurman and coauthors in 2014 are summarized.
Results: The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics recently significantly revised staging criteria for cancer of the ovary. The latest revision was based on the concept that high-grade serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) may be the origin of some high-grade serous carcinomas of the ovary and peritoneum. Therefore, staging criteria for the ovary, fallopian tube, and peritoneum have been unified. Understanding this background and other important revised points are essential. The previous focus of mesothelial origin of ovarian cancer has been eliminated in new classification. Instead, a discussion of tubal carcinogenesis of hereditary and some other high-grade serous carcinomas is featured. Regarding serous cancers, the previously assumed pathogenesis pathway may be correct for some, but not for all. The earlier transitional cell type of ovarian cancer has been removed while seromucinous tumors have been added as a new entity. The role of some borderline tumors as one possible step in the progression from benign to invasive lesions is incorporated. The article summarizes the essential updates concerning serous, mucinous, seromucinous, endometrioid, clearcell, and Brenner tumors.
Conclusion: The new WHO classification takes into account the recent findings on the origin, pathogenesis, and prognosis of different ovarian cancer subtypes. In both FIGO and WHO classification, the tubal origin of hereditary and some non-hereditary high-grade serous cancers is mentioned in contrast to the hitherto theory of mesothelial origin of tumors. Seromucinous tumors represent a new entity.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2017; Vol. 32(1): 33-41
Risk Factors and Fetal Outcome of PE Cases in a Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Nahar Kamrun , Banu Selina Akter , Siddika Sharmin , Begum Atika 
Published: November 2021

Objective: To study the risk factors and foetal outcome of pre-eclampsia in a tertiary level hospital.
Materials and methods: A total 40 consecutive patients of pre-eclampsia (PE) were included in this study between April 2009 to March 2010. Patients whose B.P. was ³140/90 mm of Hg and proteinuria detected by dipstick test were included in this study. Detailed discussion about the study was done with the patient and then written informed consent was taken from them. Detailed history about patient profile, risk factors and foetal outcome in terms of birth weight, maturity and IUGR(intrauterine growth retardation) etc were recorded in predesigned data collection sheet. Data was expressed in terms of frequenies and percentages.
Results: Most of the patients were in the age group of 20-30 years (52.5%) and 60% were primi gravida . Most of the patient (60%) developed pre-eclampsia at 37 weeks of gestation. Regarding risk factors 30% patients were obese, previous history of pre-eclampsia (PE) in 7.5% cases, pregnancy with diabetes was found in 5% cases and multiple pregnancy in 2.5% cases. Caesarean section was done in 72.5% cases and vaginal delivery occurred in 25% cases. Birth weight 2.5-3 kg found in 40% cases. 37.5% babies were premature, IUGR in 7.5%, intrauterine death in 5% and neonatal death was observed in 2% cases.
Conclusion: Primi gravida are more prone to develop pre-eclampsia. Obesity, previous history of pre-eclampsia, multiple pregnancy and pregnancy with diabetes mellitus increase the risk of pre-eclampsia. Prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), intrauterine death (IUD), neonatal death are important foetal complications.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2019; Vol. 34(1): 3-7
A Comparative Study on Feto-Maternal Outcome of GDM Treated by Either Insulin or Metformin
Authors: Noor Tania , Parvin Tahmina , Siddika Sharmin , Begum Farjana , Banu Selina Akter , Tasnim Saria , Jahan Parul 
Published: November 2021

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is linked with amplified risk of variety of maternal and perinatal complications. There have been a number of studies comparing metformin with insulin in the management of GDM.
Methods: A clinical trial (Quasi experimental) was conducted on fifty women with GDM at their 24 – 34 weeks of gestation with the aim to compare maternal and perinatal outcomes treated by either insulin or metformin. The study population were recruited from obstetrics and gynaecology outpatient department of Medical College for Women and Hospital, Uttara, Dhaka, from July 2012 to December 2012.The patients were divided into two groups (nonrandomized), 25 patients in each, and were subjected to either injection insulin or oral metformin medication.
Results: The patients were grouped as insulin or metformin group. They were compared in terms of age, parity and developing maternal complications like preeclampsia (p=0.24), UTI (p=0.40), polyhydramnios (p=0.70). However, the incidence of preterm birth was higher among metformin group in comparison to insulin group (P=0.007).There was no significant difference between insulin and metformin group as regard to mode of delivery. The proportion of neonatal hypoglycemia in insulin group was higher than metformin group (P=0.46) but statistically not significant. Other neonatal outcomes such as macrosomia, birth asphyxia and hyperbillirubinaemia did not differ significantly between two groups.
Conclusion: In women with GDM, treatment with metformin is associated with higher proportion of preterm birth than with insulin. Proportion of neonatal hypoglycemia is higher with insulin use.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2019; Vol. 34(1): 8-14
Clinical Outcomes of Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy (TLH): Seven Years’ Experience in a Public Hospital
Authors: Sultana Jobaida , Khan Md Manir Hossain , Ashraf Professor Fatema , Sultana Mahmuda , Chowdhury Mariha Alam 
Published: November 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the surgical outcomes of total laparoscopic hysterectomy.
Materials and methods: This was a prospective analysis of total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy (TLH) done between January, 2012 to December, 2018 in Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College and Hospital. Demographic data, clinical criteria, intra operative and postoperative outcome data were recorded. Data were collected in a predesigned Data collection sheet. Follow up records done during discharge from the hospital, one week and four weeks postoperatively.
Results: Total 298, laparoscopic hysterectomy were performed during the period. Among them 96 % (n=286) for benign and 4 %( n=12) for malignant condition were included in the study population. Mean age of the patients was 45.4 ± 5.6 years, mean parity was 1.9 ± 0.64 and the mean body mass index was 27.48 ± 0.57. The most common benign disease was leiomyoma, 51.7 %. Among the study cases 21.8% (n=65) had history of at least one previous abdomino-pelvic surgery. Maximum size of uterus removed was 28 weeks and maximum patients, 48% (n=143) had uterine size of 10-14 weeks. The operating time was variable between 50 min to 180 min and in the course of time, the mean operating time dropped from 130 min to 60 min. The mean length of hospital stay was 2 days and the return to normal activities was within 2 weeks. Major complications observed among 3.7 % of cases among them 2(0.67%) bladder injury, 2(0.67%) vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF), 3(1.0%) ureterovaginal fistula (UVF) and 4(1.3%) peroperative hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion. Among the 7 cases of urological complications, one patient with VVF and one patient with UVF needed relaparotomy. Ultimately all cases were managed without any residual problem. Conversion to laparotomy was 0.3 % (n=1) of case.
Conclusion: TLH offers the benefit of minimally invasive surgery to the patient and is a safe and acceptable alternative to standard hysterectomy for various gynaecological indications.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2019; Vol. 34(1): 28-35
Valóságteremtés a koronavírus idején. Manipuláció és meggyőzés politikai szövegekben
Authors: Papp Martin 
Published: November 2021

„Vi kjemper en felles kamp mot en usynlig fiende”,1 azaz közös harcot vívunk egy láthatatlan ellenséggel szemben. Ez az idézet Erna Solberg norvég miniszterelnök2 beszédéből származik, amelyet a legelső koronavírussal kapcsolatos sajtótájékoztatón mondott el, és amely tanulmányom tételmondata is lehetne. Tanulmányomban három, időben egymástól elkülönülő, koronavírussal kapcsolatos politikai szöveget elemzek. Mindhárom Erna Solberg sajtótájékoztatóiról származik. Munkámban különbséget teszek a manipuláció és meggyőzés között, ismertetem a manipuláció kognitív folyamatokra gyakorolt hatásait, valamint megmagyarázom a címben jelzett valóságteremtő aspektusait is. A szövegek nyelvi elemzése során kifejtem, hogy az alany tudatos megválasztása, valamint a szenvedő szerkezet alkalmazása a manipulatív stratégia részét képezi. Mindezek előtt kitérek arra is, milyen összefüggés található a manipulációs szándék és a témák sorrendjének megválasztása között. A szöveg belső felépítése során ugyanis figyelembe kell venni a hallgató tudatosságát, kognitív állapotát is.
Vi kjemper en felles kamp mot en usynlig fiende, that is, we fight together against an invisible enemy. This quote is originated from the very first coronavirus press-conference and comes from the Prime Minister of Norway, Erna Solberg, which could also be the motto of my paper. In this research I have analyzed three transcripts (from different occasions) of Solberg’s COVID-19 speeches. I have distinguished between manipulation and persuasion, described the effects of manipulation on cognitive processes, and explained the reality-creating aspects indicated in the title. During the linguistic analysis of the texts, I have found that the conscious choice of the subject as well as the use of passive sentences can be a part of a manipulative strategy. But first of all, it has been emphasized that the pre-organized order of the topics is aligned with the manipulative intentions of the speaker. This decision on the texts inner structure depends on the cognitive state of the audience.
Telehealth-based diagnostic testing in general practice during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study
Authors: Hardie Rae-Anne , Sezgin Gorkem , Imai Chisato , Gault Emma , McGuire Precious , Sheikh Muhammad Kashif , Pearce Christopher , Badrick Tony , Georgiou Andrew 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundSince the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on 11 March 2020, health technologies have been rapidly scaled up to ensure access to care. A significant innovation has been telehealth in general practice. Now widespread, it remains unknown how this shift to virtual care has impacted on quality-of-care indicators such as pathology testing and diagnosis.AimTo undertake a comparison of telehealth and face-to-face general practice consultations to: identify if there were differences in the proportion of pathology test referrals from 2019–2020; and quantify any change in pathology test collection and follow-up patterns.Design & settingRetrospective observational study of routinely collected electronic patient data from 807 general practices across New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria, Australia.MethodMultivariate generalised estimating equation models were used to estimate the proportion of pathology test referrals for overall, face-to-face, and telehealth consultations. Pathology test follow-up was described through median (and interquartile range [IQR]) time.ResultsPathology test referrals declined during periods of high COVID-19 cases, falling from 10.8% in February 2020 to a low of 4.5% during the first peak in April. Overall, pathology test referrals were lower for telehealth than face-to-face consultations. Median time between referral and test collection was 3 days (IQR 1–14) for telehealth and 1 day (IQR 0–7) for face to face.ConclusionFor telehealth to become part of routine care, it is crucial that gaps in functionality, including difficulty in test referral processes, be addressed. Quality improvements supporting care practices will ensure clinicians’ workflows are supported and patients receive diagnostic testing.
From Private Practice to Novelization: Imre Kertész’s Galley-Boat Log
Authors: Royer Clara 
Published: November 2021

Door de ontstaansgeschiedenis van het Dagboek van een galeislaaf (origineel : Gályanapló, 1992) te belichten met behulp van de onuitgegeven dagboeken van Imre Kertész wil deze bijdrage de fictie achter dit werk, gebaseerd op Kertész’ principe “ om dezelfde roman te leven en te schrijven” begrijpen en bijgevolg zijn relatie tot de getuigenis als literaire praktijk belichten. De studie beschrijft de ongepubliceerde dagboeken van 1961 tot 1991, met aandacht voor hun evolutie en voor de complementaire functies die Kertész hen in de loop der jaren heeft toegeschreven. De vergelijking tussen het onuitgegeven materiaal en de gepubliceerde versie laat zien hoe Kertész zijn dagboeknotities vrijelijk als een kader gebruikte om vorm te geven aan een mentale odyssee die in de geschreven tekst is gematerialiseerd. Kertész probeerde niet alleen de theorie achter zijn literaire werk te verklaren, maar aan de lezer ook de autogenese te tonen van een schrijver die – veroordeeld tot “ halfmenselijkheid” omwille van zijn joods-zijn en het leven onder het Hongaarse socialisme – er een getuigenisdocument van maakte. Het Dagboek van een galeislaaf
bevestigt Kertész’ existentiële geloof in de daad van het schrijven als een weg naar zijn zelfbevrijding van historische contingenties.
Pédiatrie sociale : défis, enjeux, perspectives
Authors: Gehri Mario 
Published: November 2021

Les enfants sont, et les pédiatres le savent bien, résilients. Cependant, leur santé et leur bien-être peuvent être mis à mal par des conditions sociales et environnementales difficiles, ce que les pédiatres savent tout aussi bien. Les « questions sociales » ont toujours fait partie de l’ADN des médecins de famille (MF) ; ils sont par ailleurs familiers des constructions communes, de l’information partagée avec les enfants et leurs familles (ce qui augmente la qualité du soin), en particulier envers les plus vulnérables.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan Investasi dan Motivasi Terhadap Minat Investasi di Pasar Modal Syariah Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam Universitas Suryakancana Cianjur
Authors: Jayengsari Reksa , Ramadhan Noval Fauziah 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pengetahuan investasi di pasar modal dan motivasi yang rendah dikalangan mahasiswa FEBI UNSUR sedangkan Pasar Modal Syariah telah gencar mempromosikan produk-produk investasi. Matakuliah yang berkaitan dengan pasar modal syariah belum diaplikasikan oleh mahasiswa FEBI UNSUR. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh pengetahuan investasi dan motivasi terhadap minat investasi di Pasar Modal Syariah pada Mahasiswa FEBI UNSUR. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif asosiatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kuisioner. Berdasarkan hasil uji t statistik, pengetahuan investasi diperoleh nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,699 > 0,05 dengan hasil perhitungan SE X1 sebesar -0,84%. Hal ini berarti tidak terdapat pengaruh signifikan pengetahuan investasi terhadap minat investasi. Lalu hasil uji t statistik motivasi diperoleh nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 dengan hasil perhitungan SE X2 sebesar 77,88%. Hal ini berarti terdapat pengaruh signifikan motivasi terhadap minat investasi. Kemudian, secara simultan kedua variabel berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat investasi hal itu diketahui dari nilai uji Fhitung 137.247 > 3,11 Ftabel dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 < 0,05. Hasil perhitungan koefisien determinasi menghasilkan R Square sebesar 77% hal ini berarti pengetahuan investasi dan motivasi memberikan kontribusi sebesar 77% sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. ABSTRACTThis research is motivated by knowledge of investment in the capital market and low motivation in FEBI UNSUR students while the Islamic Capital Market has been aggressively promoting investment products. Subject related to the Islamic capital market have not been applied by FEBI UNSUR students. This study aims to determine how much influence investment knowledge and motivation on investment interest in the Islamic Capital Market in FEBI UNSUR students. This study uses a quantitative approach with associative descriptive method. The data collection technique is a questionnaire. Based on the results of the t test, investment knowledge obtained a significance value of 0.699 > 0.05 with SE X1 calculation results of -0.84%. This means that there is no significant effect of investment knowledge on investment interest. The results of the motivational statistical t test obtained a significance value of 0.000 <0.05 with the results of the SE X2 calculation of 77.88%. This means that there is a significant effect of motivation on investment interest. Simultaneously the two variables have a significant effect on investment interest with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. The calculation of the coefficient of determination produce an R Square of 77%, this means that investment knowledge and motivation contribute 77% while the rest is influenced by other factors
DEPOSIT REFUND SYSTEM FOR BEVERAGE CONTAINERS IN LATVIA: LEARNINGS WITHIN THE BALTIC STATES
Authors: Brizga Janis , Moora Harri , Balcers Ojārs 
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION
One of the main global environmental problems we are facing is the increasing the amount of waste. There are numerous policy instruments used to reduce the environmental impact of packaging. Many EU member states use producer levies, packaging and resource taxes, deposit-refund systems and producer responsibility systems (Bailey, 2017; Watkins et al., 2017).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this article we conduct comparative analyses and evaluate the effectiveness of deposit-refund systems for beverage packaging in the three Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Data used in the study is obtained from statistical databases of the Central Statistical Bureau, Eurostat and Euromonitor, as well as from stakeholders of the deposit-refund system - beverage manufacturers, retailers and waste management organisations. When necessary data was not available, we made calculations and approximations using analogies with neighbouring countries, e.g. regarding the quantity of different kinds of beverage containers (plastics, glass, cans) delivered to the market, the average weight of containers, changing trends etc.
RESULTS
To stimulate the rate of beverage packaging collection and recycling, both Estonia (2005) and Lithuania (2016) have introduced deposit-refund systems. Both are mandatory centralized systems with collection rates over 90%. The strengths of the Estonian system are a result of sophisticated IT solutions, differentiated EAN coding logic, elasticity and good management. The Lithuanian system is one of the most technologically advanced systems. One of its positive features is the lease of taromats, reducing the upfront investment costs for retailers and producers.
DISCUSSION
Previous research shows that the introduction of a deposit-refund system increases the collection rate of beverage packaging (Dewey, Denslow, Chavez, Romero, & Holt, 2011; Lavee, 2010) but requires substantial organisational and financial resources. It is more economically viable to introduce a deposit system when separate waste collection system is already in place. The results of this study are similar.
CONCLUSION

Latvia needs a DRS in order to achieve PET goals and reduce environmental pollution;
The required score and distribution is about the same
A DRS has to be operated by a non-profit organisation consisting of manufacturers and retailers;
The recommended deposit is 10 cents;
Provision should be made for the inclusion of beverage cartons and alcoholic beverage bottles;
Provision should be made for the inclusion of refillable glass bottles and jars.
Fatwa Yusuf Qardawi dan Al-Utsaimin tentang Pengucapan Selamat Natal Perspektif Komunikasi Dakwah
Authors: Febrianti Rozmida 
Published: November 2021

Fatwa mempunyai peran penting dalam menciptakan stabilitas sosial. Perubahan sosial sebagai hasil dinamika budaya sering menimbulkan gesekan di masyarakat, Islam sebagai agama universal dengan panduan spesifik berdasarkan Alquran dan Hadis memerlukan peran ulama untuk menerjemahkan transformasi sosio-kultural dalam bentuk fatwa. Maka dapat dikatakan dua ulama Yusuf Qardawi dan Al-Utsaimin adalah da’i sebagai komunikator dakwah dan fatwa sebagai pesan komunikasi dakwah sedang umat Islam sebagai penerima. Dalam penelitian ini akan membahas secara mendalam tentang implikasi fatwa terhadap bagaimana hukum mengucapkan natal kepada non muslim dalam perspektif komunikasi dakwah. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan riset kepustakaan (Library Research). Para ulama dan masyaikh dalam fatwa diatas mengemukakan tujuan dari ijtihad dalam mengulas fatwa dan hukum Islam sesuai dengan tujuan komunikasi transendental yaitu Komunikasi yang melibatkan manusia dengan Tuhannya itulah yang sering disebut komunikasi transendental. Manusia merupakan makhluk sosial yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri, ia membutuhkan orang lain untuk mempertahankan eksistensinya.