bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three Previously Undescribed Chlorophenyl Glycosides from the Bulbs of Lilium regale
Authors: Yan Jie , Guo Wenxiu , Zhou Lanyu , Guo Dale , Pei Jin , Deng Yun , Zheng Haoyuan , Liu Ding , Xie Xiaofang , Peng Cheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThree previously undescribed chlorophenyl glycosides, (2,4,6‐trichloro‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxyphenyl)methyl β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1), (2,4‐dichloro‐3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)methyl 6‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (2) and 4‐chloro‐3‐methoxy‐5‐methylphenyl 6‐O‐(6‐deoxy‐β‐L‐mannopyranosyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (3) were obtained from Lilium regale. The absolute configurations of these new finds were elucidated by comprehensive analyses of spectroscopic data combined with acid hydrolysis derivatization. (2,4‐dichloro‐3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)methyl 6‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (2) can inhibit the proliferation of lung carcinoma A549 cells with an IC50 value of 29 μΜ.
Practice patterns for patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction during the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic—Valuable lessons learned
Authors: Jia Xiaoming , Jneid Hani 
Published: August 2021

Key Points
During the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States, there was a significant reduction in cardiac catheterization lab activations and numbers of PPCIs for STEMI as well as an increase in door‐to‐balloon time.
The decrease in STEMI volume is likely multifaceted involving factors at the patient and health system levels.
Longitudinal data on STEMI care beyond the early phase of the pandemic is needed to better understand how different health systems have been adapting to the ongoing pandemic.
Transcatheter aortic valve thrombosis: The more we see the more we know
Authors: Franzone Anna , Esposito Giovanni 
Published: August 2021

Key Points
Valve thrombosis is a rare but relevant and potentially fatal complication of transcatheter interventions (TAVI) that is usually resolved by oral anticoagulant therapy.
Advanced imaging including 4D‐CT is pivotal for the diagnosis.
Patient‐ and procedure‐related factors that increase the risk of valve thrombosis include obesity, renal failure, thrombocytopenia, valve‐in‐valve implantation, lack of predilation, and use of balloon‐expandable prosthesis.
Silver Nanowire‐Based Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Linge Jonas Mart , Kozhemyakin Daniil , Erikson Heiki , Vlassov Sergei , Kongi Nadezda , Tammeveski Kaido 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe electrocatalytic activity of commercial silver nanowires (AgNWs) with different diameters (35, 90, and 120 nm) was investigated towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in 0.1 M KOH solution. The rotating disc electrode (RDE) data analysis revealed that the ORR onset potential and half‐wave potential shift positively for AgNWs as compared to a polycrystalline Ag electrode. The enhanced ORR performance of AgNWs with a diameter of 35 nm was attributed to the elongated porous structure of the catalyst material, which facilitated the mass transport in the catalyst layer. The Koutecky‐Levich analysis was used to determine the kinetic parameters of O2 reduction and to confirm that the ORR proceeds via 4‐electron pathway on AgNW‐modified electrodes. Stability tests showed that 35 nm thick AgNWs had high stability during long‐term potential cycling. Based on the obtained results, the AgNWs have great potential as efficient catalysts for alkaline membrane fuel cell technologies.
Implications of choosing different interpolation methods: A case study for soil test phosphorus
Authors: Matcham Emma G. , Subburayalu Sakthi K. , Culman Steven W. , Lindsey Laura E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMany farmers have their fields grid soil sampled to plan for variable rate P fertilizer application. Grid soil samples are often interpolated to create fertilizer application maps. However, most farmers and other practitioners do not compare interpolation methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of different grid soil sampling interpolation methods on P fertilizer prescription maps. Grid soil samples were collected from six fields and interpolated via geographically weighted regression (GWR), random forest (RF), and inverse distance weighting (IDW). At four out of six site–years, the root mean square error of soil test P (STP) was 7 to 16% lower for the GWR method compared with the RF method, and GWR identified the low‐STP areas better than RF. Geographically weighted regression may outperform RF and IDW because of its lower error and reduced sensitivity to individual high‐ and low‐STP values. Evaluating multiple interpolation techniques and comparing maps both visually and using global error rates can improve the decisions made by farmers and other practitioners.
Modelling Photoionisation in Isocytosine: Potential Formation of Longer‐Lived Excited State Cations in its Keto Form
Authors: Segarra‐Martí Javier , Bearpark Michael J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStudying the effects of UV and VUV radiation on non‐canonical DNA/RNA nucleobases allows us to compare how they release excess energy following absorption with respect to their canonical counterparts. This has attracted much research attention in recent years because of its likely influence on the origin of our genetic lexicon in prebiotic times. Here we present a CASSCF and XMS‐CASPT2 theoretical study of the photoionisation of non‐canonical pyrimidine nucleobase isocytosine in both its keto and enol tautomeric forms. We analyse their lowest energy cationic excited states including
,
and
and compare these to the corresponding electronic states in cytosine. Investigating lower‐energy decay pathways we find – unexpectedly ‐ that keto‐isocytosine+ presents a sizeable energy barrier potentially inhibiting decay to its cationic ground state, whereas enol‐isocytosine+ features a barrierless and consequently ultrafast pathway analogous to the one previously found for the canonical (keto) form of cytosine+. Dynamic electron correlation reduces the energy barrier in the keto form substantially (by ∼1 eV) but it is nevertheless still present. We additionally compute the UV/Vis absorption signals of the structures encountered along these decay channels to provide spectroscopic fingerprints to assist future experiments in monitoring these intricate photo‐processes.
Flow Cytometric Quantification of Cytotoxic Activity in Whole Blood Samples
Authors: Rico Laura G. , Ward Michael D. , Bradford Jolene A. , Petriz Jordi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCurrent methods for the determination of cell‐mediated cytotoxic activity in blood samples usually isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells by density gradient centrifugation or alternatively use erythrocyte lysis. Both centrifugation and red cell lysis can cause cellular depletion and cell dysfunction, resulting in erroneous measurements. To address limitations of current assays, we developed an improved strategy to determine cellular cytotoxicity using flow cytometry. Viable nucleic acid stains are used to identify live nucleated cells and discriminate them from non‐nucleated erythrocytes, platelets, and debris while avoiding lysing and washing steps to maintain cell functionality. To detect target cells, we have used two different labeling approaches. In the first approach, EGFP‐labeled K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells provide a “ready‐to‐use” target without the need of additional for labeling or staining. For the second approach, we perform parallel cytotoxicity assays in the presence of wild‐type K562 cells previously loaded with a fluorescent dye that has spectral properties similar to those of EGFP. Given the importance of cytotoxic assays and the deleterious effects of current sample preparation methods, the aim of this study was to adapt this “untouched cells” flow cytometry method to study cytotoxic activity using unlysed whole blood samples and fluorescent target cells. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Sample preparation for cell‐mediated cytotoxic activity determination in unlysed whole bloodBasic Protocol 2: Protocol preparation, sample acquisition, and gating strategy for flow cytometric identification of cell‐mediated cytotoxic activity using unlysed whole blood samplesSupport Protocol 1: Optimization of the performance of target cell labeling approachesSupport Protocol 2: Assessment of the linearity and reproducibility of cytotoxicity assays
Evaluating Gait and Locomotion in Rodents with the CatWalk
Authors: Garrick Jacqueline M. , Costa Lucio G. , Cole Toby B. , Marsillach Judit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMotor deficits can significantly affect the completion of daily life activities and have a negative impact on quality of life. Consequently, motor function is an important behavioral endpoint to measure for in vivo pathophysiologic studies in a variety of research areas, such as toxicant exposure, drug development, disease characterization, and transgenic phenotyping. Evaluation of motor function is also critical to the interpretation of cognitive behavioral assays, as many rely on intact motor abilities to derive meaningful data. As such, gait analysis is an important component of behavioral research and can be achieved by manual or video‐assisted methods. Manual gait analysis methods, however, are prone to observer bias and are unable to capture many critical parameters. In contrast, automated video‐assisted gait analysis can quickly and reliably assess gait and locomotor abnormalities that were previously difficult to collect manually. Here, we describe the evaluation of gait and locomotion in rodents using the automated Noldus CatWalk XT system. We include a step‐by‐step guide for running an experiment using the CatWalk XT system and discuss theory and considerations when evaluating rodent gait. The protocol and discussion provided here act as a supplemental resource to the manual for this commercially available system and can assist CatWalk users in their experimental design and implementation. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Atomically Dispersed Co Clusters Anchored on N‐doped Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Dehydrogenation of Alcohols and Subsequent Conversion to Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Li Boyang , Fang Jian , Xu Dan , Zhao Hong , Zhu Hanghang , Zhang Fengwei , Dong Zhengping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe catalytic dehydrogenation of readily available alcohols to high value‐added carbonyl compounds is a research hotspot with scientific significance. Most of the current research about this reaction is performed with noble metal‐based homogeneous catalysts of high price and poor reusability. Herein, highly dispersed Co‐cluster‐decorated N‐doped carbon nanotubes (Co/N‐CNTs) were fabricated via a facile strategy and used for the dehydrogenation of alcohols with high efficiency. Various characterization techniques confirmed the presence of metallic Co clusters with almost atomic dispersion, and the N‐doped carbon supports also enhanced the catalytic activity of Co clusters in the dehydrogenation reaction. Aldehydes as dehydrogenation products were further transformed in situ to carboxylic acids through a Cannizzaro‐type pathway under alkaline conditions. The reaction pathway of the dehydrogenation of alcohols was clearly confirmed by theoretical calculations. This work should provide an effective and simple approach for the accurate design and synthesis of small Co‐clusters catalysts for the efficient dehydrogenation‐based transformation of alcohols to carboxylic acids under mild reaction conditions.
CircTHBS1 facilitates the progression of interstitial cystitis depending on the regulation of miR‐139‐5p/MFN2 axis
Authors: Jiang Chen , Xu Ming , Zhu Jin , Yang Dongrong , Xue Boxin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCircular RNA (circRNA) have been found to play an important role in the progression of many diseases, including interstitial cystitis (IC). However, the role of circTHBS1 in IC progression is still unclear. Exploring the role and potential molecular mechanism of circTHBS1 in the development of IC. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess the levels of inflammatory cytokines. The expression levels of circTHBS1, microRNA (miR)‐139‐5p, and mitofusin 2 (MFN2) were evaluated using quantitative real‐time PCR. Cell proliferation and migration were determined using MTT assay, Edu staining, and transwell assay. The protein levels of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and MFN2 were examined using western blot analysis. The relationship between miR‐139‐5p and circTHBS1 or MFN2 was confirmed using the dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay. CircTHBS1 was highly repressed in IC tissues and cells, and its expression was positively correlated with the inflammatory response of IC patients. CircTHBS1 could promote the proliferation, migration, EMT process, and inflammation of IC cells, while its knockdown had an opposite effect. CircTHBS1 could serve as a sponge of miR‐139‐5p, and miR‐139‐5p could participate in the regulation of circTHBS1 on IC cell progression. In addition, miR‐139‐5p could target MFN2, and it could inhibit the progression of IC cells by targeting MFN2. Furthermore, circTHBS1 sponged miR‐139‐5p to positively regulate MFN2. CircTHBS1 promoted IC cell proliferation, migration, EMT process, and inflammation by regulating the miR‐139‐5p/MFN2 axis indicating that circTHBS1 might be a potential target for IC treatment.
Are mindfulness treatments effective for pain in cancer patients? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Feng Beibei , Hu Xiaoqian , Lu William W. , Wang Yuling , Ip Wing‐Yuk 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveMindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) have been recently applied in pain management and cancer care. However, inconsistencies exist concerning the effectiveness of MBIs on pain control among cancer patients. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the efficacy of MBIs on pain in cancer patients via a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsDatabases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched using key terms related to pain, cancer and mindfulness. The primary outcome was pain intensity. Standardized mean difference (SMD) of each outcome with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated. The quality of evidence was assessed by GRADE assessment.ResultsTen RCTs with 843 participants were included. Significant pooled effects of MBIs on pain intensity were found at both short‐term (SMD = −0.19, 95% CI [−0.33 to −0.04]) and long‐term (SMD = −0.20, 95% CI [−0.35 to −0.05]) follow‐up, whereas no significance was observed for pain interference. In subgroup analyses, significant intervention effects were only seen in clinic‐based MBIs compared to remote MBIs, and pooled effects of MBIs in attenuating pain were discovered relative to passive rather than active comparators. GRADE ratings showed moderate certainty of evidence in MBIs for pain intensity but low for pain interference.ConclusionsThe efficacy of MBIs in reducing pain intensity among cancer patients was revealed in this meta‐analysis, albeit with a small effect size. Future research is warranted to optimize mindfulness treatment for pain control in cancer patients with high methodological quality and a large sample size.SignificanceThe effect of MBIs on pain in cancer patients was demonstrated in our analysis, albeit with small effect sizes. High‐quality RCTs are needed to verify the efficacy of MBIs on cancer patients or survivors with pain complaints. Future trials should take into account the specific pain outcome measures (pain intensity or pain interference), the approach of intervention provision (clinic‐based or remote MBI, group or individual practice), the duration and frequency of interventions and the comparators (passive or active control arms).
Model Adequacy Checking for Applying Harmonic Regression to Assessment Quality Control
Authors: Qian Jiahe , Li Shuhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent years, harmonic regression models have been applied to implement quality control for educational assessment data consisting of multiple administrations and displaying seasonality. As with other types of regression models, it is imperative that model adequacy checking and model fit be appropriately conducted. However, there has been no literature on how to perform a comprehensive model adequacy evaluation when applying harmonic regression models to sequential data with seasonality in the educational assessment field. This paper is intended to fill this gap with an illustration of real data from an English language assessment. Two types of cross‐validation, leave‐one‐out and out‐of‐sample, were designed to measure prediction errors and check model validation. Three types of R‐squared (, , and ) and various residual diagnostics were applied to check model adequacy and model fitting.
An experimental study on solar evaporation of sugarcane juice
Authors: Grewal Rahul , Kumar Mahesh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, an attempt is made to obtain concentrated sugarcane juice and distilled water using solar radiations that would save energy as well as environment. In this study work, the experimental performance of a sugarcane juice solar evaporation system (SJSES) is investigated for the evaporation of water from sugarcane juice. To check the influence of flow rate on the performance of SJSES units, experiments are carried out at 20, 25, 30, and 35 ml/min. The flow of sugarcane juice at 25 ml/min in SJSES unit is found optimum that resulted in highest energy saving, distilled water, and relatively more brix content of final product. The performance of SJSES unit loaded with paraffin wax at optimum flow rate (unit IV) resulted in maximum distilled water (605.1 g) which is 82.4%, 14.8%, and 39.4% higher than other units. Paraffin wax loading in SJSES increased its distillate output, brix of juice, and working time by 78.3 g, 7.9%, and 1 h, respectively. Thermal and exergy efficiencies are found maximum for unit IV having values 58.56% and 4.53%, respectively. The amount of energy saved is observed maximum for this unit along with least distillate cost and payback period.
Genomic analysis reveals a rapid spread and predominance of lambda (C.37) SARS‐COV‐2 lineage in Peru despite circulation of variants of concern
Authors: Padilla‐Rojas Carlos , Jimenez‐Vasquez Victor , Hurtado Veronica , Mestanza Orson , Molina Iris S. , Barcena Luis , Morales Ruiz Sandra , Acedo Steve , Lizarraga Wendy , Bailon Henri , Cáceres Omar , Galarza Marco , Rojas‐Serrano Nancy , Vargas‐Herrera Natalia , Lope‐Pari Priscila , Huayra Joseph , Solari Lely 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe pandemic generated by SARS‐Cov‐2 has caused a large number of cases and deaths in the world, but South America has been one of the continents that were most hard hit. The appearance of new variants causes concern because of the possibility that they may evade the protection generated by vaccination campaigns, their greater capacity to be transmitted, or their higher virulence. We analyzed the circulating variants in Peru after improving our Genomic Surveillance program. The results indicate a steep increase of the lambda lineage (C.37) until becoming predominant between January and April 2021, despite the cocirculation of other variants of concern or interest. Lambda lineage deserves close monitoring and could probably become a variant of concern in the near future.
Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates high glucose‐induced inflammation and oxidative stress in HUVECs via upregulating miR‐147a
Authors: Li Xiao‐Qing , Huang Tian‐Yi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEndothelial dysfunction in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases has become one of the main characteristics in patients with diabetes mellitus, which is usually caused by abnormal inflammation and oxidative stress response. Presently, we focused on the role of Notoginsenoside R1 (NR1), a major component isolated from Panax notoginseng, in endothelial dysfunction caused by high glucose (HG). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with HG and then dealt with NR1. Cell counting kit‐8 assay and 5‐bromo‐2′‐dexoyuridine assay were conducted to examine cell proliferation and viability. Flow cytometry was used to measure apoptosis. The angiogenesis of HUVECs was determined by tube formation assay. Moreover, the expressions of miR‐147a, inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐10) and oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were measured. The protein levels of MyD88/TRAF6/NF‐κB axis, Bax, Bcl2, and Caspase3 were detected by Western blot. Furthermore, gain and loss of functional assays of miR‐147a were performed to verify the role of miR‐147a in NR1‐mediated effects. Our data confirmed that NR1 (at 10–40 μM) reduces HG‐induced HUVECs proliferation and viability inhibition, mitigates apoptosis, and enhances tube formation ability. Meanwhile, NR1 inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory response and blocked the activation of the MyD88/TRAF6/NF‐κB pathway induced by HG. In addition, NR1 promoted the expression of miR‐147a, which targeted MyD88. Overexpression of miR‐147a markedly inactivated MyD88/TRAF6/NF‐κB pathway, while the miR‐147a inhibitors reversed NR1‐mediated protective effect in HG‐induced HUVECs through activating MyD88/TRAF6/NF‐κB pathway. In conclusion, NR1 relieves HG‐induced endothelial cell injury by downregulating the MyD88/TRAF6/NF‐κB pathway via upregulating miR‐147a.
Archaeological prospection in ultra‐shallow aquatic environments: the case of the prehistoric submerged site of Lambayanna, Greece
Authors: Papadopoulos Nikos , Oikonomou Dimitrios , Cantoro Gianluca , Simyrdanis Kleanthis , Beck Julien 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTOver the last three decades, multicomponent geophysical prospection has given a new perspective in the domain of inland archaeological prospection. However, the complexity and constantly evolving environmental regime encountered in the transition zones has so far limited the implementation of these technological advancements towards the understanding of the past dynamics in littoral and ultra‐shallow offshore environments. The main objective of this work is to appropriately adapt, test and validate the efficiency of diverse geophysical mapping and imaging methods for reconstructing the ancient built environment below a relatively thin water layer. The submerged prehistoric site of Lambayanna in Greece was used as an ‘open laboratory’ to explorein situthe resolving capabilities and limitations of marine three‐dimensional electrical resistivity tomography and multisensor magnetic gradiometry, as well as terrestrial ground‐penetrating radar. The geophysical mapping covered more than 4.4 hectares of the shallow marine and coastal part of the site with high spatial resolution. The data processing followed a specific flowchart to enhance the signal and the subsequent integrated analysis showed a number of candidate targets buried below the seabed, providing strong indications to support the hypothesis for the existence of an ancient submerged man‐made environment in the bay. The results demonstrate the complementary nature of applying multiple geophysical methods to under‐explored shallow offshore archaeological contexts in order to provide useful information for understanding the complex archaeological sites around the Mediterranean. The successful transfer of established geophysical methods into the ultra‐shallow aquatic environment comprises the major innovative aspect of this work. Thus, in view of climate change and the risks related to future sea‐level rise and erosion of low‐level coastal areas, the proposed research model can be integrated into a wider strategic framework for the sustainable management of coastal cultural resources.