bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Race and Socioeconomic Status in Anti-VEGF Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Malhotra Nisha A. , Muste Justin , Hom Grant L. , Conti Thais F. , Greenlee Tyler E. , Singh Rishi P. 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Although people of low socioeconomic status (SES) and certain racial groups are at greater risk of developing diabetic macular edema (DME), the extent these high-risk groups experience treatment differences is unknown. This study characterizes anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection use for DME.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Data were collected from an electronic health record at the Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation for patients who received anti-VEGF treatment for DME between 2012 and 2019 (
N
= 500).

RESULTS:

White patients on average received more injections over a 1-year period than Black patients (4.93 ± 3.14 vs 3.20 ± 2.43;
P
< .0001) and had fewer no-show appointments (1.39 ± 2.08 vs 3.23 ± 3.39;
P
< .0001). There is an association between living in communities with lower average incomes and receiving fewer anti-VEGF injections (3.06 ± 2.70 vs 4.88 ± 3.19;
P
= .005).

CONCLUSIONS:
DME treatment differs based on race and SES. Racial and SES associations with anti-VEGF injections present potential obstacles for delivering optimal ophthalmic care.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2021;52:578–585.]
An Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome–Causative Point Mutation in Adar1 Gene Invokes Multiorgan Inflammation and Late-Onset Encephalopathy in Mice
Authors: Inoue Maal , Nakahama Taisuke , Yamasaki Ryuichiro , Shibuya Toshiharu , Kim Jung In , Todo Hiroyuki , Xing Yanfang , Kato Yuki , Morii Eiichi , Kawahara Yukio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a congenital inflammatory disorder accompanied by overactivated type I IFN signaling and encephalopathy with leukodystrophy and intracranial calcification. To date, none of the mouse models carrying an AGS-causative mutation has mimicked such brain pathology. Here, we established a mutant mouse model carrying a K948N point mutation, corresponding to an AGS-causative K999N mutation, located in a deaminase domain of the Adar1 gene that encodes an RNA editing enzyme. Adar1K948N/K948N mice displayed postnatal growth retardation. Hyperplasia of splenic white pulps with germinal centers and hepatic focal inflammation were observed from 2 mo of age. Inflammation developed in the lungs and heart with lymphocyte infiltration in an age-dependent manner. Furthermore, white matter abnormalities with astrocytosis and microgliosis were detected at 1 y of age. The increased expression of IFN-stimulated genes was detected in multiple organs, including the brain, from birth. In addition, single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed that this elevated expression of IFN-stimulated genes was commonly observed in all neuronal subtypes, including neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. We further showed that a K948N point mutation reduced the RNA editing activity of ADAR1 in vivo. The pathological abnormalities found in Adar1K948N/K948N mice were ameliorated by either the concurrent deletion of MDA5, a cytosolic sensor of unedited transcripts, or the sole expression of active ADAR1 p150, an isoform of ADAR1. Collectively, such data suggest that although the degree is mild, Adar1K948N/K948N mice mimic multiple AGS phenotypes, including encephalopathy, which is caused by reduced RNA editing activity of the ADAR1 p150 isoform.
Comparison of Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy by Standard and Miniperc Instruments in Pediatric Population
Authors: Mahajan Abhay Dinkar , Mahajan Sumeeta Abhay 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
The objective of this study was to compare mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) performed by standard and Miniperc techniques in pediatric patients.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective study conducted at our institution between January 2012 and December 2017. The outcomes of pediatric renal stones treated by mini-PCNL done by Miniperc and standard techniques were compared in terms of the drop in the hemoglobin, stone-free rate, and analgesic requirement in the first 24 h.

Results:
A total of 57 children (age: 1–16 years), who underwent mini-PCNL by Miniperc equipment (n = 23) and standard equipment (n = 34), were included in this study. The postoperative mean drop in hemoglobin was significantly higher in mini-PCNL done by standard compared to the Miniperc technique. The stone-free rate was 95.65% in the Miniperc group and 94.12% in the standard mini-PCNL group. The need for analgesics was significantly lower in the Miniperc group compared to the standard mini-PCNL group (P = 0.0002). In the Miniperc group, the majority of the patients required only one dose of analgesics, whereas, in the standard mini-PCNL group, around 44% of the patients required three or more than three doses of analgesics to reduce postoperative pain.

Conclusion:
Both the techniques were safe and efficacious in the management of pediatric renal stone and stone clearance. However, the Miniperc technique resulted in significantly less pain and a lower dosage of analgesics.
Potential Role of Serum Intestinal Fatty Acid-Binding Protein as a Marker for Early Prediction and Diagnosis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Shaaban Amin I. E. , Alfqy Osama A. E. , Shaaban Howayda M. K. , A-Maqsoud Yahya H. , Assar Effat H. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) is located in the apex of mature enterocytes and released into circulation; once the injury of enterocyte happens, its circulating levels are considered an early and sensitive marker of intestinal ischemia as in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC); because of its small molecular weight, it can be detected in urine.

Aims:
The aim was to study the usefulness of both serum and urine I-FABP in early diagnosis of NEC and to correlate the serum and urinary levels.

Settings and Design:
This study was case–control design.

Methods:
Simultaneous serum and urine samples obtained at the onset of symptoms, in 40 preterms with suspected NEC, with gestational age ± 27.70 weeks and birth weight ± 1.11 kg, i.e., 20 preterms diagnosed at Stage I, 12 preterms at Stage II, and 8 preterms at Stage III, were compared with age- and weight-matched preterms with no NEC.

Statistical Analysis:
The collected data were tabulated, coded, and then analyzed using the computer program Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS version 22).

Results:
Serum levels of I-FABP in NEC cases were significantly higher than the control group, with a mean of 6005.77 ± 6384.77 and 1480.79 ± 1276.48 pg/ml, respectively (P < 0.001). Urine levels of I-FABP in NEC cases were significantly higher than the control group, with a mean of 5009.22 ± 3941.64 and 2677.62 ± 2257.29 pg/ml, respectively (P = 0.04). Both serum and urine I-FABP levels not only in Stage II are significantly higher than Stage I but also in Stage III are significantly higher than Stage I and II (P < 0.001, P = 0.03, respectively), which showed significant positive correlation with stages of NEC (r = 0.618; P < 0.001; r = 0.306; P = 0.049, respectively). Both serum and urine I-FABP levels had a highly significant positive correlation with each other (r = 0.406 P < 0.0001). Receiving operating characteristic curve showed an area under the curve of 0.92 and 0.81 for serum and urine I-FABP, respectively.

Conclusions:
Whether serum or urinary I-FABP is valuable in the diagnosis and prediction of NEC and strongly correlated with the disease severity and with each other.
EMPREENDEDORISMO FEMININO NO NORTE DE MINAS GERAIS - ALGUMAS CIDADES, MUITAS PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Silva June Marize Castro , Karpinsk Cezar , Costa Eline Cecília Ribeiro da , Costa Fabrícia Aparecida Gonçalves Costa , Mendes Vanessa Rodrigues , Neto Miguel Augusto de Oliveira , Neves Edileuza Rodrigues 
Published: November 2021

O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar ascaracterísticas do empreendedorismo feminino nos municípios de Brasília de Minas, Campo Azul, Icaraí de Minas, São Francisco e Várzea da Palma. E teve como objetivos específicos: identificar o perfil das empreendedoras relacionadas aos municípios base do estudo; expor os principais desafios no momento de empreender; e, apresentar as características das empreendedoras. Para tal finalidade, realizou-se uma pesquisa de natureza descritiva e abordagem quantitativa. A técnica de amostragem utilizada foi a snowball, já que a indicação facilita o processo de coleta de dados. Para coletar os dados, utilizou-se como principal fonte de evidências o questionário on-line realizado por meio da plataforma Google Forms, com 179 respondentes. Com os resultados da pesquisa ficou evidenciado que o empreendedorismo feminino nas cidades de Brasília de Minas, Campo Azul, Icaraí de Minas, São Francisco e Várzea da Palma é composto em sua maioria por mulheres de 20 a 29 anos, solteiras, com curso superior completo e com filhos. Concluiu-se, portanto, que, estudos que visam entender e quantificar o papel feminino no empreendedorismo das cidades do Norte de Minas Gerais, são de grande relevância para aqueles quebuscam criar um negócio e obter sua independência financeira.
Palavras-Chave: Empreendedorismo Feminino; Norte de Minas; Gênero; Trabalho.
Features of various posterior cranial fossa tumors on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and their correlation with histopathological diagnosis
Authors: Mohammed Faiz 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the features of various posterior cranial fossa tumors on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and correlate the MR diagnosis with histopathological diagnosis.
Methodology: The MRI evaluation of patients clinically presenting with nonspecific symptoms of raised intracranial pressure was done. The MR imaging protocol included: T1W, T2W, FLAIR and post Gd T1W FS. The MRI diagnosis was correlated with histopathological diagnosis. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out in the present study.
Findings: Histopathological confirmation was obtained in 38 of 46 cases. The eight patients in whom histopathologic examination was not obtained included four cases of metastasis and four cases of pontine glioma. In metastases, the primary was known. In pontine gliomas the characteristic MR findings were present and due to increased frequency of complications the risky biopsy in this area was not performed.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy (recommendations): The MR imaging diagnosis was found to correlate with the histopathologic diagnosis in most instances. MR imaging was found to be highly sensitive in evaluating tumor related complications. MRI showed the full extent of the tumor and involvement of the surrounding tissues, thus helping in the management of tumors. Hence it is recommended to perform MRI in cases of increased intracranial hypertension to make early and accurate diagnosis possible and hence improve the patient management.
Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Tik Tok Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak Di MTS NU Banat Kudus
Authors: Nadiyah Dewi Laila 
Published: November 2021

Absrak
Media pembelajaran di era digital harus diselaraskan dengan perkembangan teknologi. Media pembelajaran haruslah menarik, dekat dan lekat dengan peserta didik. Aplikasi Tik Tok sangat dinikmati oleh anak generasi Z. Apabila digunakan serta dimediasi secara tepat maka Aplikasi Tik Tok akan menjadi sebuah media pembelajaran akidah akhlak yang menarik serta menyenangkan. Penggunaan Aplikasi Tik Tok sebagai media pembelajaran interaktif diharapkan membantu peserta didik dalam memahami dan menerima proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan guru. Media pembelajaran interaktif dapat mewakili apa yang belum bisa disampaikan guru dan proses pembelajaran akan lebih efektif dan efisien. Melalui aplikasi Tik Tok, guru dapat dengan mudah menciptakan pembelajaran interaktif, sehingga dapat disesuaikan dengan lingkungan, situasi, dan kondisi dari peserta didik.
Kata Kunci : Media Pembelajaran, Aplikasi Tik Tok, Akidah Akhlak
Islam dan Pluralisme Pendidikan Agama
Authors: Dute Hasruddin 
Published: November 2021

This study aims to explain Pluralism and Islam as inseparable entities. Can be distinguished conceptually but cannot be separated in real reality. The method used. The method used in this research is library research, or can be used in library materials as a source of information to answer problems about educators in education. Islam and Religious Education Pluralism make religion a concept to create a sense of unity in the realm of ukhuwah basyariyah in advancing and improving the quality of education; Therefore, it is the education system that makes religion a moral value and not a formal institution that is formed.
Penelitian bertujuan untuk menjelaskan Pluralisme dan Islam sebagai entitas yang tidak bisa dipisahkan. Dapat dibedakan secara konseptual namun tidak bisa dipisahkan dalam realitas nyata. Metode yang dipakai. Metode yang dipakai di dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan, atau dapat digunakan dalam bahan pustaka sebagai sumber informasi untuk menjawab permasalahan tentang pendidik dalam pendidikan. Islam dan Pluralisme Pendidikan Agama menjadikan agama sebagai konsep untuk menimbulkan rasa persatuan dalam ranah ukhuwah basyariyah dalam memajukan dan meningkatkan mutu pendidikan; Oleh karena itu, sistem pendidikanlah yang menjadikan agama sebagai nilai moral dan bukan lembaga formal yang terbentuk.
Initial Trauma Database in a University Hospital in Malaysia
Authors: Ariffin Affirul Chairil , Hajhamad Mohamed , Hayati Firdaus , Azizan Nornazirah , Zuhdi Zamri , Azman Azlanudin , Mohamad Ikhwan Sani , Othman Hairol , Jarmin Razman , Lee Jae Gil 
Published: November 2021

Trauma is a major health problem in Malaysia. An understanding of the trauma epidemiology is important in developing a reliable trauma service. The aim of this study is to understand the pattern of trauma in our institution and to highlight the need for a dedicated trauma service. In this database, 142 cases were included. Majority were males (127, 89.4%). Most common injury types are motor vehicle accidents (87.3%) followed by falls (7.7%), and stabs (3.5%). Most Injury Severity Score (ISS) falls under moderate score with 38.7%. Mean Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) was 3 with most involving the chest and 90% of the patients have injuries involving at least 2 regions. Average hospital length of stay (LOS) was 11.4 days Â±11.5 SD; with most patients (71.8%) were discharged without permanent disability. The mortality rate was 9.2% with all having ISS>16. ISS found to be strongly related to longer hospital stay and worse outcome (0.59, p < 0.0001, 0.4, p < 0.0001). This data is equivalent to the compared registries from 4 different trauma centres. However, steps need to be taken to improve this database. In conclusion, this university hospital receives a reasonable load of trauma cases yearly which is equivalent with other trauma centres. The increasing trauma cases will benefit from an implementation of a dedicated trauma service. This trauma database needs more depth in its elements and better data handling to ensure a quality and complete registry.
Pattern of Internet Usage and Addiction among Private Medical Colleges Students in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Subrina , Seoty Nuhad Raisa , Yasmin Nawzia , Khan Mohammad Niaz Morshed 
Published: November 2021

Internet addiction specifies to the extreme use of the internet which sequentially causes problems in relationship, health and professional aspects. The current study attempted to find out the pattern of internet use and internet addiction-related behaviour among the students of private medical colleges in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was executed in three private medical colleges in Dhaka city. A total of 350 medical students were recruited as study participants by employing a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected through a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire on sociodemographic and internet use related activities. Internet addiction-related data were collected by using Youngâ€™s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) Scale. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 20). Descriptive and inferential statistics using the Chi-square test was conducted. P-value <0.05 was considered as significant. The findings show that 73.7% of study participants were female and the rest were male, with a mean age of 21.1 years. The percentage of students used the internet more than 10 times per day was 37.4% followed by 5 â€“ 10 times per day which was 35.1% and less than five times per day with 27.4% students. A total of 44.3% students reported that they spent 1 â€“ 3 hours per day for internet usage followed by 37.7% use 4 â€“ 8 hours per day and 18% reported more than 8 hours per day. A total of 43.7% of students mentioned that they used the internet for entertainment, while 40%, 9.7% and 6.6% reported for time passing, social networking, and academic purposes respectively. Overall, 76.9% of students had internet addiction either in any form, 62.6% had moderate internet addiction or problem use, or 14.3% had severe internet addiction. This study concludes that the characteristics of internet use among this population are diverse and the prevalence of internet addiction found to be considerably higher compared to other Asian countries.
PENENTUAN SIFAT LARUTAN ASAM, BASA, DAN GARAM DENGAN INDIKATOR EKSTRAK DAUN TANAMAN HIAS
Authors: RIYAYANTI ENDANG 
Published: November 2021

Learning Natural Sciences (IPA) is not only taught by means of lectures or memorization, but by experimental or demonstration methods, so that it is more active for students. In the experiment of acid-base solutions in science class VII SMP/MTs, natural indicators were used as a test solution to replace synthetic indicators. In addition to making students active, it also minimizes practicum costs. This experiment used leaf extracts of ornamental plants such as miana, butterfly and red purslane which were made together with students and teachers. After comparing the test results between synthetic indicators (litmus paper and phenolphthalein) with homemade natural indicators, it can be concluded that the extract can be used as an alternative to the solution test. Because there are different changes when dropped into an acid and alkaline solution. When tested the pH of the solution using the extract indicator, there was a change in the pH range in an acid solution of 3.2 and a base solution of 10.8. By observing the color change, it can be concluded that ornamental plant extracts can be used as an alternative to acid-base indicators to replace synthetic indicators. For miana the color changes from orange (acidic) – brownish yellow – light green (alkaline), red purslane from pink (acidic) – dark red to dark brown (alkaline) and butterfly from red (acid) – purple - to green (base).
ABSTRAKPembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA) tidak hanya diajarkan dengan cara ceramah atau menghafal saja melainkan dengan metode eksperimen atau demonstrasi, sehingga lebih mengaktifkan siswa. Pada percobaan larutan asam-basa dalam IPA kelas VII SMP/MTs digunakan indikator alamiah sebagai uji larutan menggantikan indikator sintetis. Selain membuat siswa aktif juga meminimalisir biaya praktiku=m. Percobaan ini digunakan ekstrak daun tanaman hias seperti miana, kupu-kupu dan krokot merah yang dibuat bersama-sama siswa dengan guru. Setelah membandingkan hasil uji antara indikator sintetis (kertas lakmus dan fenolftalein) dengan indikator alamiah buatan sendiri dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk uji larutan. Karena terdapat perubahan yang berbeda saat diteteskan ke dalam larutan asam dan basa. Saat diuji pH larutan dengan menggunakan indikator ekstrak tersebut terdapat perubahan rentang pH dalam larutan asam 3,2 dan larutan basa 10,8. Dengan mengamati perubahan warna dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa ekstrak tanaman hias dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif indikator asam basa menggantikan indikator sintetis. Untuk miana perubahan warna dari oranye (asam) – kuning kecoklatan – hijau muda (basa), krokot merah dari merah muda (asam) – merah tua menjadi coklat tua (basa) dan kupu-kupu dari merah (asam) – ungu - menjadi hijau (basa).
PENGGUNAAN YOUTUBE SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN TEKS NEGOSIASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA KELAS X SMK SWASTA DI JAKARTA TIMUR
Authors: AMALIYAH NENI 
Published: November 2021

Indonesian language lessons play a role in the social, intellectual, and emotional development of students. With Indonesian language lessons, it is hoped that it can help students to form polite language characters, culture, express opinions well, and improve analytical and imaginative skills. This language subject has the biggest problem, namely the lack of creativity in teaching methods and media so that it makes students bored in participating in the teaching and learning process in class. The author tries to reveal the need for a renewal of teaching media. The teaching media used must be close to the daily lives of students such as social media, especially YouTube. Learn and chat casually with family often using social media. The era of globalization and social media technology from the life of modern society. This habit of using social media can indirectly make users access information and learn the information they access, so it is not surprising that currently the development and dissemination of language is running very fast. This digital era marks that today's society has become a modern society. The social media used in this research is YouTube. In addition to using YouTube, the author also reveals that there is an awareness of students' interest in learning when using this social media, is there an improvement in learning Indonesian, especially in this negotiating material.
ABSTRAKPelajaran Bahasa Indonesia berperan terhadap perkembangan sosial, intelektual, dan emosional peserta didik. Dengan adanya pelajaran bahasa Indonesia diharapkan dapat membantu peserta didik untuk membentuk karakter berbahasa sopan, budaya, mengemukakan pendapat dengan baik, dan meningkatkan kemampuan analisis serta imajinatif. Mata pelajaran bahasa ini memiliki problematika terbesar, yaitu kurangnya kreativitas metode dan media ajar sehingga membuat peserta didik jenuh mengikuti proses belajar-mengajar di kelas. Penulis mencoba mengungkapkan perlu adanya pembaharuhan media ajar. Media ajar yang digunakan harus dekat dengan kehidupan sehari-hari peserta didik seperti media sosial khususnya YouTube. Belajar dan ngobrol santai dengan keluarga sering menggunakan sosial media. Era globalisasi dan teknologi sosial media dari kehidupan masyarakat modern. Kebiasaan menggunakan media sosial ini secara tidak langsung dapat menjadikan penggunanya mengakses informasi dan mempelajari informasi yang diaksesnya, sehingga tidak heran jika saat ini perekembangan dan penyebaran bahasa berjalan dengan sangat cepat. Era digital ini menandai bahwa saat ini masyarakat sudah menjadi masyarakat yang modern. Sosial media yang digunakan pada penelitian ini, yaitu YouTube. Selain menggunakan YouTube, penulis juga mengungkapkan adanya kesadaran minat belajar siswa pada saat menggunakan media sosial ini, adakah peningkatannya dalam belajar Bahasa Indonesia, khususnya dalam materi bernegosiasi ini.