bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relational dynamics of women with obstetric fistula in Africa: a narrative review
Authors: Karega Muchiri 
Published: January 2021

Background/Aims Obstetric fistula has profound psychological effects on women and influences how they are treated by their family members. This study aimed to identify the relational dynamics of women that had experienced fistula through a narrative review, and determine the extent to which treatment recommendations in the studies reviewed targeted the identified dynamics. Methods This study was a narrative review using a systematic approach, which analysed treatment and care of obstetric fistula patients in Africa. The search was conducted between January and May 2020 for studies published in English between 2006 and 2020. The search used five electronic journal databases: BioMed, SAGE, ScienceDirect, Taylor and Francis Online and Wiley Online. Results Obstetric fistula commonly resulted in unhealthy relational dynamics that had negative effects both on women and their family systems. Despite these findings, most studies did not recommend interventions specific to the family systems of the women. Conclusions It is important to expand the focus of obstetric fistula treatment from an individual to a systemic level. Increased collaboration between mental health practitioners and medical staff in the treatment of obstetric fistula is needed, in order to improve quality of care.
Stabilizing a laser frequency by the Pound–Drever–Hall technique with an acousto-optic modulator
Authors: Zeng Yong , Fu Zhuo , Liu Yang-Yang , He Xiao-Dong , Liu Min , Xu Peng , Sun Xiao-Hong , Wang Jin 
Published: January 2021

We develop and demonstrate a method of optical phase modulation in the Pound–Drever–Hall (PDH) technique. The phase modulation in this paper is realized by an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) operating in the Bragg diffraction regime. In this process, a light beam separated from a laser (780 nm) is sent through the AOM twice and coupled to a high finesse Fabry–Perot cavity. Then, the light power coupling into the cavity is stabilized by modulating the optical amplitude with this AOM. The coupling light power is stabilized to a level of

10

−
3

. In the meantime, the PDH error signal is obtained by modulating the optical phase with the same AOM. After the error signal is fed back to the laser current, the laser linewidth is suppressed to approximately 907.91 Hz. This method of phase modulation is simple and convenient, and we believe it can be widely used in modulation transfer spectroscopy and frequency-modulation sideband spectroscopy.
Two-octave-wide (3–12  µm) subharmonic produced in a minimally dispersive optical parametric oscillator cavity
Authors: Ru Q. , Kawamori T. , Schunemann P. G. , Vasilyev S. , Mirov S. B. , Vodopyanov K. L. 
Published: January 2021

We report a subharmonic (frequency-divide-by-2) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with a continuous wavelength span of 3 to 12 µm (

−

37

d
B

level) that covers most of the molecular rovibrational “signature” region. The key to obtaining such a wide spectral span is the use of an OPO with a minimal dispersion—through the choice of intracavity elements, the use of all gold-coated mirrors, and a special “injector” mirror. The system delivers up to 245 mW of the average power with the conversion efficiency exceeding 20% from a 2.35 µm Kerr-lens mode-locked pump laser.
Cohort research analysis of disaster experience, preparedness, and competency-based training among nurses
Authors: Goniewicz Krzysztof , Goniewicz Mariusz , Burkle Frederick M. , Khorram-Manesh Amir 
Published: January 2021

Introduction
It is expected that in unforeseen situations, nurses will provide appropriate medical interventions, using their expertise and skills to reduce the risks associated with the consequences of disasters. Consequently, it is crucial that they are properly prepared to respond to such difficult circumstances. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the basic competences of nurses in disasters.

Materials and methods
The survey was directed to 468 nurses from all medical centres in Lublin. IBM SPSS Statistics version 23 was used for statistical analyses, frequency analysis, basic descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. The classical statistical significance level was adopted as α = 0.05.

Results
Based on the logistic regression analysis, it was found that work experience, workplace preparedness, as well as training and experience in disaster response are important predictors of preparedness.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that the nurses' core competencies for these incidents can be improved through education and training programmes which increase their preparedness for disasters. Nurses are among the most important groups of healthcare professionals facing a disaster and should be involved in all phases of disaster management, such as risk assessment and pre-disaster planning, response during crisis situations and risks’ mitigation throughout the reconstruction period.
Dynamics of the impact of COVID-19 on the economic activity of Peru
Authors: Varona Luis , Gonzales Jorge R. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe COVID-19 virus impacts human health and the world economy, causing in Peru, more than 800 thousand infected and a strong recession expressed in a drop of -12% in its economic growth rate for 2020. In this context, the objective of the study is to analyze the dynamics of the short-term behavior of economic activity, as well as to explain the causal relationships in a Pandemic context based on the basic number of spread (Re) of COVID-19 per day.MethodsAn Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) model was used.ResultsA negative and statistically significant impact of the COVID-19 shock was found on the level of economic activity and a long-term Cointegration relationship with an error correction model (CEM), with the expected sign and statistically significant at 1%.ConclusionThe Pandemic has behaved as a systemic shock of supply and aggregate demand at the macroeconomic level, which together have an impact on the recession or level of economic activity. The authors propose changing public health policy from an indiscriminate suppression strategy to a targeted, effective and intelligent mitigation strategy that minimizes the risk of human life costs and socioeconomic costs, in a context of uncertainty about the end of the Pandemic and complemented by economic, fiscal and monetary policies that mitigate the economic recession, considering the underlying structural characteristics of the Peruvian economy.
Cross-cultural adaptation of the Fresno Test for Turkish language
Authors: Cakmakkaya Ozlem Serpil , Bati Ayse Hilal , Kolodzie Kerstin 
Published: January 2021

Objective
National and international medical organizations and boards have recognized the importance of Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) and emphasized that EBM training should be included in medical education programs. Although some Turkish medical schools have developed and implemented EBM training programs, no validated Turkish language assessment tool has been available to compare the effectiveness of these training programs to national or international standards. The aim of this study is to cross-culturally adapt the Fresno Test, which is a validated English language tool utilized worldwide in the assessment of EBM training.

Methods
This study is a cross-sectional validation study, which was performed in two stages: Cross-cultural adaptation of the Fresno Test into Turkish; and evaluation of the psychometric properties, validity, reliability and responsiveness, of the Turkish version of the Fresno Test.

Results
The content validity of the test was evaluated by experienced physicians in the field of Evidence-Based Medicine, and the content validity index was 1.00. The Cronbach α coefficient was 0.78 on the post-test results. The intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient and the kappa analysis were calculated to evaluate inter-rater reliability. The ICC coefficients ranged from 0.66 to 0.97 for pre- and post-test results. The Kappa coefficients were 1.00 for all pre-test and post-test questions except one post-test question which was 0.89.
The change score of the Fresno Test was used to evaluate responsiveness. The students' score of the Turkish Fresno Test was 49.9 ±18.2 pre-training and 118.9 ±26.3 post-training with a change of 69 points (95% CI, 63.9–74.2). The Cohen’s effect size was 3.04 (95% CI, 2.6–3.5) indicating a very large change in scores.

Conclusions
The Turkish adapted Fresno Test used to evaluate students’ success and program effectiveness is a valid and reliable measurement tool. It will be of great benefit for the comparison of the effectiveness of Turkish education programs nationally and cross-culturally.
Effects of Tourism Development on Land Use in the Coastal Area of Surabaya City
Authors: Sari Kartika Eka , Sari N 
Published: January 2021

Surabaya is the capital city of East Java Province that develops coastal tourism activities. Based on Surabaya City RTRW for 2014-2034, the development of coastal tourism in Surabaya is in Bulak District. The district is designated as a development unit III of Tambak Wedi that directed as marine beach tourism. Kenjeran Tourism has a number of tourist destinations including Kenjeran Beach, THP Kenjeran, Kenjeran Park, Bulak Park, Surabaya Park, and Kenjeran Bridge.he development of coastal tourism resulted in many changes in land use and building’s function, mainly affecting the type of land use settlement because people tend to use the front of the house for trading activities and services. This study aims to determine the effect of tourism development on land use in the Kenjeran Area. This study uses overlay analysis and PLS (Partial Least Square) analysis. The results of this study found that tourism development variables affect land use change by 92.2%. Changes in land use are dominated by vacant land and supporting facilities for tourism activities such as trade and services, recreation, tourism, and green open space
CZY KULTURA WŁASNA JEST POTRZEBNA DO ROZWIJANIA KOMPETENCJI (INTER)KULTUROWEJ? O UWZGLĘDNIANIU KULTURY OJCZYSTEJ W PROCESIE NAUCZANIA/UCZENIA SIĘ JĘZYKA OBCEGO
Authors: Waszau Anna 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the present article to reflect on the possibilities of developing (inter)cultural competence in the context of glottodidactics by resorting to elements of the source culture, which helps to build (meta)cultural awareness. By analyzing from a diachronic perspective, together with some traditional approaches and modern concepts, it is shown that the evolution of glottodidactic models indicates the need to develop a reflective attitude which is built upon the (meta)cultural awareness. This progress, in turn, requires reflection on one’s cultural identity and on the system of one’s own culture which influences the socialization and enculturation processes. Therefore, awareness thus conceptualized can help in determining and understanding the organizational and generative principles of cultures, as well as their functioning and mechanisms.
SAE 4340 Fracture Toughness Evaluation Following Wang’s Formulation for Spiral Notch Torsion Test Specimens
Authors: Rodrigues Guilherme Bernardes , Piza Paes Marcelo Torres , Ramos Neto Francisco Francelino , Franco Sinésio Domingues , Valdés Arencibia Rosenda , Bose Filho Waldek Wladimir 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The fracture toughness parameter (fracture toughness in plane strain-state [KIC], fracture toughness near the onset of crack growth, or crack tip open displacement) is essential information for understanding fracture behavior in mechanical and structural components. To determine this property, several methods have been developed; these require specimens with sufficient thickness to ensure a plane-strain condition at the crack front, which depending on materials mechanical properties, may lead to the need of large amounts of material. To overcome this problem, the spiral notch torsion test (SNTT) was proposed by Wang in 2000, and over these years, methodologies for testing many different materials have been presented, as well as the elastic compliance equations for assessing crack size (essential for introducing the fatigue precrack), also presented in 2012. Although the SNTT presented advantages and potentialities, its application is still quite restricted, and information on its use is limited. Implementation of the SNTT is a challenge, mainly because of the inexistence of a specific standard, thus producing ambiguities when dealing with the application of the test, methodology, and limitations because the SNTT implementation is principally based on previously published theoretical and experimental studies. The study presented herein aims at organizing already existing information based on work conducted by Wang while presenting in detail a test chart and the necessary techniques for obtaining a fracture toughness parameter, in mode I loading and in the domain of a plane strain-state. Determining KIC using the SNTT was performed on a quenched and tempered AISI 4340 steel (45 HRC) in air at room temperature. The obtained results proved the great potential of SNTT methodology for KIC determination. The KIC values obtained by the SNTT methodology exhibited a maximum error of 3.5 % and were statistically equal to those provided by the conventional method compact tension (C(T)) that follows ASTM E399-20, Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness KIC of Metallic Materials. The fracture surfaces observed in SNTT and C(T) specimens showed similar fractographies and mechanisms.
More is not always better–lower estradiol to mature oocyte ratio improved IVF outcomes
Authors: Aslih Nardin , Michaeli Mediea , Mashenko Diana , Ellenbogen Adrian , Lebovitz Oshrit , Atzmon Yuval , Shalom-Paz Einat 
Published: January 2021

Aim
To find a cut-off ratio of estradiol/metaphase II oocyte (E2/M2) ratio and to evaluate the correlation with patients’ characteristics, embryo morphokinetics using EmbryoScope™ and IVF cycle outcomes.

Material and methods
For this retrospective cohort study, records of all fresh cycles that were cultured and scored by EmbryoScope™ were evaluated. The peak E2/M2 ratio was calculated on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration and correlated to embryo morphokinetic quality and cycle outcomes. A receiver operating characteristics analysis was calculated for the E2/M2 ratio and clinical pregnancy rates.

Results
A total of 2461 oocytes were collected from 319 patients. Receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed a cutoff of 204 as a discriminative point to predict clinical pregnancy with a sensitivity of 69.5% and specificity of 62.1% (P < 0.001). E2/M2 > 204 group were older, had higher E2 concentration, fewer M2 oocytes despite elevated gonadotrophin doses. E2/M2 ratio ≤ 204 was correlated with higher fertilization rate, better embryo quality, higher pregnancy and live birth rates, and more frozen embryos.

Conclusion
E2/M2 ratio < 204 yielded the best probability to achieve good quality embryos with good morphokinetic scores and better pregnancy outcomes and may be used to predict IVF cycle outcomes. Advanced maternal age and low ovarian response received higher concentrations of gonadotrophins, which resulted in higher E2/M2 ratio. Milder stimulation to those patients may improve their cycle outcomes.
Higher blood pressure in normal weight women with PCOS compared to controls
Authors: Mellembakken Jan Roar , Mahmoudan Azita , Mørkrid Lars , Sundström-Poromaa Inger , Morin-Papunen Laure , Tapanainen Juha S , Piltonen Terhi T , Hirschberg Angelica Lindén , Stener-Victorin Elisabet , Vanky Eszter , Ravn Pernille , Jensen Richard Christian , Andersen Marianne Skovsager , Glintborg Dorte 
Published: January 2021

Objective
Obesity is considered to be the strongest predictive factor for cardio-metabolic risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of the study was to compare blood pressure (BP) in normal weight women with PCOS and controls matched for age and BMI.

Methods
From a Nordic cross-sectional base of 2615 individuals of Nordic ethnicity, we studied a sub cohort of 793 normal weight women with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (512 women with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria and 281 age and BMI-matched controls). Participants underwent measurement of BP and body composition (BMI, waist-hip ratio), lipid status, and fasting BG. Data were presented as median (quartiles).

Results
The median age for women with PCOS were 28 (25, 32) years and median BMI was 22.2 (20.7, 23.4) kg/m2. Systolic BP was 118 (109, 128) mmHg in women with PCOS compared to 110 (105, 120) mmHg in controls and diastolic BP was 74 (67, 81) vs 70 (64, 75) mmHg, both P < 0.001. The prevalence of women with BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg was 11.1% (57/512) in women with PCOS vs 1.8% (5/281) in controls, P < 0.001. In women ≥ 35 years the prevalence of BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg was comparable in women with PCOS and controls (12.7% vs 9.8%, P = 0.6). Using multiple regression analyses, the strongest association with BP was found for age, waist circumference, and total cholesterol in women with PCOS.

Conclusions
Normal weight women with PCOS have higher BP than controls. BP and metabolic screening are relevant also in young normal weight women with PCOS.
Publishing in the Shadow of Larger Neighbours: Opportunities and Challenges of Digitisation for Small Publishing Houses in Austria and Scotland
Authors: Klamet Anna 
Published: January 2021

Trade publishing houses in small nations operate in a challenging market environment: digitisation and the spread of the internet have lowered the market entry barriers and increased the international competition. This is especially prevalent in English-language markets and increasingly so in the markets with a high English language proficiency amongst second language speakers due to the amount of English content readily available online. Moreover, traditional audiences are eroding, and global players push for multi-platform publishing for a global audience. However, the impact of digitisation on small nation publishers operating in large lan­guage markets lacks scientific exploration. Hence, the impact on small trade publishing houses in Austria and Scotland is explored through qualitative case study research. An overview of the state of the publishing industry in those nations is presented, followed by an analysis of the opportunities and challenges of publishing in an online world where borders are disappearing, thus changing the competitive situation of publishers competing with larger entities in neighbouring nations with the same language.
The research found that small nation publishers are benefiting from the possibilities offered by digitisation to reach a wider readership abroad, but at the same time it is becoming increasingly difficult for these pub­lishers and their products to stand out amongst the abundance of content online. Thus, small publishers choose market niches and collaborations to create sustainable business practices. Furthermore, these results provide a basis for further research into e-publishing in other small na­tions. Additional comparative research is needed to better understand the cultural specificities of small book markets and how to best support publishers in and for those nations.
Reaktivasi Paradigma Islam Wasathiyyah di Perguruan Tinggi Berdasar Konsultasi Tingkat Tinggi Ulama Dunia 2018
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Shunhaji Akhmad , Zuhri Saifuddin 
Published: January 2021

The paradigm of wasathiyyah Islamic is a form of Islamic understanding and practice, as well as an approach in contextualizing Islam in the midst of global civilization. The reactivation of the wasathiyyah Islamic paradigm was a response to various situations that attempted to divide the unity. This paradigm becomes important as a means of presenting the application of Islamic teachings that hold the principles of balance, justice and tolerance. This study aims to provide direction for Higher Education in developing the Islamic wasathiyyah paradigm. Through this research, the authors examined the wasathiyyah Islamic paradigm based on the Bogor Message which was produced at the 2018 World Ulama High Level Consultation (Summit) in Bogor. Bogor's message includes efforts to restore the Islamic wasathiyyah perspective as the center of Islamic teachings, both individually and collectively. One of the interesting messages to study is the commitment to reactivate the wasathiyyah Islamic perspective as a central Islamic teaching which includes seven main values, namely: tawassuth, i`tidâl, tasâmuh, syûrâ, islah, qudwah, and muwâthanah. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. The result shows the reactivation of the wasathiyyah Islamic paradigm in higher education, can be developed through the cultivation of the seven main values of wasathiyyah Islam as contained in the Bogor Message.
Almacenes de biomasa y carbono aéreo y radicular en pastizales de Urochloa decumbens y Paspalum notatum (Poaceae) en el sureste de México
Authors: Ramos-Hernández Eder , Martínez Sánchez José Luis 
Published: January 2021

Resumen
Introducción: Debido a su extensión actual, la biomasa radicular de los pastizales tropicales es de vital importancia para el almacenamiento del carbono terrestre, pero su estimación ha sido principalmente indirecta y con un rango muy amplio de valores. Objetivo: Documentar a nivel nacional y mundial, y comparar las existencias de carbono radicular extraídas en forma directa, de dos pastizales de tipo de crecimiento y origen distinto. Método: Se midió la biomasa y carbono total de dos pastizales con mas de 40 años de uso, uno nativo de América y de crecimiento estolonífero (Paspalum notatum Flugge) y otro introducido de África y de crecimiento en macollos (Urochloa decumbens Stapf). El estudio se realizó entre los meses de agosto y octubre. Se seleccionaron 3 parcelas de 1600 m2 por pastizal, con 10 subcuadros (4 m2 c/u) en cada parcela para determinar la composición florística, biomasa y C aéreo. La biomasa y C radical se estimó mediante extracción directa en tres trincheras (1.50 m x 0.50 m x 1.0 m) por parcela. El contenido de carbono orgánico se determinó con el método por ignición a una temperatura promedio de 550 °C durante 3 horas. Para el análisis estadístico se usó un ANOVA de dos factores donde un factor lo constituyó los tratamientos que fueron el tipo de pastizal (2) y el otro factor lo constituyó las parcelas (3) de cada pastizal. Resultados: La composición florística de los dos tipos de pastos fue diferente debido a su historia de manejo. En promedio se estimó 28.25 Mg C/ha total para la localidad. El pastizal nativo y de crecimiento estolonífero P. notatum produce casi tres veces mas biomasa (42.5 Mg C/ha) que el introducido y de crecimiento en macollos U. decumbens (14 Mg C/ha) debido al almacén radicular (38.5 vs. 11.46 Mg C/ha). El 74.5 % del carbono en P. notatum se localizó en la parte radical y el 25.5 % en la parte aérea, mientras que en U. decumbens el 56.5 % y 43.5 %, respectivamente. Conclusión: La mejor adaptación del pasto nativo así como la morfología de su sistema radicular pueden explicar esta diferencia. El 96 % de la biomasa y C radical se encuentra en los primeros 0.50 m de profundidad. Debido a la contribución de su porción radicular, los pastizales tropicales pueden constituir importantes reservorios de carbono terrestre considerando su extensión hoy en día.