bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving processability for in‐mold coating formulations: Part II: Two‐reinforcement formulations
Authors: Cai Kaiyu , Zhang Dan , Straus Elliott J. , Villarreal Maria G. , Castro Jose M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe in‐mold coating (IMC) process nowadays is well accepted by the sheet molding compound industry. The currently used IMC contains 2.8 wt% carbon black (CB) to provide enough electrical conductivity for maximum paint transfer efficiency (PTE) for electrostatic painting. Due to its relatively large viscosity, this formulation makes use of more than one injection gate for coating some large parts necessary. Our previous research investigated the possibility to replace the CB with higher conductivity carbon‐based nanoparticles, namely carbon nanofibers (CNFs), multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), industrial graphene (grapheneblack [G]), and single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and found that the IMC with 11.3 wt% G has the best processability among all IMC formulations. To improve this formulation, herein, we study the use of a second reinforcement in combination with G, i.e., CB, CNF, and MWCNT. Results from this study suggest that most G/CB‐reinforced IMC formulations have a better performance than the G‐reinforced IMC formulations, and IMC with 1 wt% CB and 6 wt% G is the best among all G/CB‐reinforced IMC formulations. To be specific, the new formulation allows parts to be painted to have a 300% increase in size when compared with the standard IMC.
Faciogenital dysplasia 5 confers the cancer stem cell‐like traits of gastric cancer cells through enhancing Sox2 protein stability
Authors: You Huaqiang , Gao Shan , Xu Xiaoping , Yuan Hong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe promoting roles of faciogenital dysplasia 5 (FGD5) in tumor progression have been identified in various tumors, however, its roles in gastric cancer progression are still confusing. Currently, it was found that FGD5 was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and negatively correlated with different types of survival of gastric cancer patients via online dataset analysis. In vitro analysis of different types of gastric cancer cell lines and normal gastric epithelial cells obtained a consistent result. Then FGD5 was knocked down in gastric cancer cell lines through two independent siRNAs against FGD5 and it was identified that FGD5 knockdown suppressed the cancer stem cell (CSC)—like traits of gastric cancer cells through analyzing the expression of CSC markers, ALDH1 activity and spheroid‐formation ability. Further mechanistic studies revealed that FGD5 interacted with Sox2 protein, a critical regulator of CSC progression, enhanced Sox2 protein stability and decreased its ubquitination. Additionally, FGD5 supported the CSC‐like traits dependent on Sox2 expression. Taken together, this work identified a novel FGD5/Sox2 axis responsible for the CSC‐like traits of gastric cancer cells.
Microbial content of non‐fermented liquid feed consumed by sows affects the occurrence of neonatal diarrhoea in their piglets: A case–control study
Authors: Boulbria Gwenaël , Teixeira‐Costa Charlotte , Chevance Céline , Grandin Romane , Jeusselin Justine , Berton Pauline , Guennec Jean Le , Normand Valérie , Bouchet Franck , Brissonnier Mathieu , Lebret Arnaud 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicrobial colonisation of piglets’ intestines starts at birth, especially from contact with sow's faeces. Piglet microbiota could therefore be influenced by the sow's diet. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the microbiological flora of liquid feed for sows can be associated with the development of neonatal diarrhoea.MethodsThis study was carried out on 10 case farms with neonatal diarrhoea and 10 control farms without neonatal diarrhoea. On each farm, a microbiological analysis of gestating and lactating liquid feed was performed. A generalised linear model was used to study the impact of the liquid feed microbiological counts and pH on the probability of neonatal diarrhoea developing.ResultsFor thermotolerant coliforms, sulphite‐reducing bacteria, heterotrophic bacteria and lactic‐acid bacteria counts, there was no significant difference between case and control farms. The higher the count of total coliforms, enterococci and yeasts in sow non‐fermented liquid feed, the greater the probability of observing neonatal diarrhoea. Moreover, taking into account total coliforms and yeasts counts together is highly predictive of neonatal diarrhoea risk.ConclusionThis study offers new perspectives of investigation and understanding of neonatal diarrhoea in breeding farms feeding sows with a non‐fermented liquid feed.
Adolescent cocaine induced persistent negative affect in female rats exposed to early-life stress
Authors: Bis-Humbert Cristian , García-Fuster M. Julia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Rationale
The combination of several risk factors (sex, a prior underlying psychiatric condition, or early drug initiation) could induce the emergence of negative affect during cocaine abstinence and increase the risk of developing addiction. However, most prior preclinical studies have been centered in male rodents, traditionally excluding females from these analyses.

Objectives
To ascertain the behavioral and neurochemical consequences of adolescent cocaine exposure when the combination of several risk factors is present (female, early-life stress).

Methods
Whole litters of Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to maternal deprivation for 24 h on postnatal day (PND) 9. Cocaine was administered in adolescence (15 mg/kg/day, i.p., PND 33–39). Negative affect was assessed by several behavioral tests (forced swim, open field, novelty-suppressed feeding, sucrose preference). Hippocampal cell fate markers were evaluated by western blot (FADD, Bax, cytochrome c) or immunohistochemistry (Ki-67; cell proliferation).

Results
Maternal deprivation is a suitable model of psychiatric vulnerability in which to study the impact of adolescent cocaine in female rats. While adolescent cocaine did not alter affective-like behavior during adolescence, a pro-depressive–like state emerged during adulthood, exclusively in rats re-exposed to cocaine during abstinence. FADD regulation by cocaine in early-life stressed female rats might contribute to certain hippocampal neuroadaptations with some significance to the observed induced negative affect.

Conclusions
Adolescent cocaine induced persistent negative affect in female rats exposed to early-life stress, highlighting the risk of early drug initiation during adolescence for the emergence of negative reinforcement during abstinence likely driving cocaine addiction vulnerability, also in female rats.
Manta ray foraging and Gaussian mutation-based elephant herding optimization for global optimization
Authors: Duan Yuxian , Liu Changyun , Li Song , Guo Xiangke , Yang Chunlin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe elephant herding optimization (EHO) algorithm is a novel metaheuristic optimizer inspired by the clan renewal and separation behaviors of elephant populations. Although it has few parameters and is easy to implement, it suffers from a lack of exploitation, leading to slow convergence. This paper proposes an improved EHO algorithm called manta ray foraging and Gaussian mutation-based EHO for global optimization (MGEHO). The clan updating operator in the original EHO algorithm is replaced by the somersault foraging strategy of manta rays, which aims to optimally adjust patriarch positions. Additionally, a dynamic convergence factor is set to balance exploration and exploitation. The gaussian mutation is adopted to enhance the population diversity, enabling MGEHO to maintain a strong local search capability. To evaluate the performances of different algorithms, 33 classical benchmark functions are chosen to verify the superiority of MGEHO. Also, the enhanced paradigm is compared with other advanced metaheuristic algorithms on 32 benchmark functions from IEEE CEC2014 and CEC2017. Furthermore, a scalability test, convergence analysis, statistical analysis, diversity analysis, and running time analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of MGEHO from various aspects. The results illustrate that MGEHO is superior to other algorithms in terms of solution accuracy and stability. Finally, MGEHO is applied to solve three real engineering problems. The comparison results show that this method is a powerful auxiliary tool for handling complex problems.
Altered expression of costimulatory molecules in dementias
Authors: Busse Stefan , von Hoff Franz , Michler Enrico , Hartig Roland , Bogerts Bernhard , Busse Mandy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough the expression of co-stimulatory molecules plays an important role in the immune system, only little is known about their regulation in dementias. Therefore, we determined the expression of CD28, ICOS (CD278) and CTLA-4 (CD152) by CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; N = 19), Alzheimer’s disease (AD; N = 51), vascular dementia (VD; N = 21) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD; N = 6) at the point in time of diagnosis compared to 19 non-demented elderly persons. The expression of CD28 and ICOS by CD4 + and CD8 + T cells was not changed in AD, FTD or VD patients. The expression of the negative regulator CTLA-4 was increased by CD4 + T cells from AD and FTD patients and by CD8 + T cells from VD patients. The classification of the AD patients according to the severity of the disorder showed stage-dependent alterations of CD28, ICOS and CTLA-4 expression. In AD patients, the correlation analysis showed an association between the decline in CD28 + T cells and the increase in CTLA-4 + T cells with cognitive decline, measured by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), tau proteins and Amyloid-β, important AD biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In FTD patients, a positive association between Q Albumin, a marker for blood-CSF-barrier function, and CD28 and a negative correlation between Q Albumin and ICOS expression were determined. Our data suggest a dysregulated balance between the expression of negative and positive co-stimulatory molecules by T cells in AD patients, which might contribute to chronic inflammation observed in dementia.
Effect of 24% EDTA root conditioning on the outcome of modified coronally advanced tunnel technique with subepithelial connective tissue graft for the treatment of multiple gingival recessions: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Górski Bartłomiej , Szerszeń Marcin , Kaczyński Tomasz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate effects of root conditioning with 24% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the 12-month outcomes after treatment of multiple gingival recessions (GR) with modified coronally advanced tunnel (MCAT) and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG).

Materials and methods
Twenty patients with 142 GR were treated (72 test sites: SCTG + EDTA and 70 control sites: SCTG). Average and complete root coverage (ARC, CRC), gain in keratinized tissue width (KTW), gain in gingival thickness (GT), root esthetic coverage score (RES), and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were evaluated at 12 months post-operatively.

Results
Differences between pre- and post-operative values were statistically significant only within but not between treatment modalities. At 12 months, ARC was 86.0% for SCTG + EDTA-treated and 84.6 for SCTG-treated defects (p = 0.6636). CRC was observed in 90.2% (tests) and 91.4% (controls) of all cases (p = 0.9903). Professional assessment of esthetic outcomes using RES showed highly positive results reaching the value of 8.9 in case of test sites and 8.7 for control sites (p = 0.3358). Severity of pain and swelling did not differ between sites, regardless of whether EDTA was used.

Conclusions
Test and control sites presented similarly positive outcomes related to root coverage, periodontal and esthetic parameters, and patient satisfaction and self-reported morbidity with no statistical differences between them 12 months after surgery. No significant differences in evaluated variables were observed between sites treated with and without 24% EDTA.
Clinical relevance
Considering the limitations of the present study, the use of 24% EDTA for root conditioning did not improve 12-month outcomes after treatment of multiple RT1 and RT2 gingival recessions with MCAT and SCTG.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03354104
Neurologisches Ergebnis und allgemeiner Gesundheitszustand bei Langzeitüberleben nach außerklinischer kardiopulmonaler Reanimation
Authors: Poth J. M. , Buschmann C. M. , Kappler J. , Heister U. , Ehrentraut S. F. , Muenster S. , Diepenseifen C. J. , Ellerkmann R. , Schewe J.-C. 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung
Für Deutschland liegen nur wenige Daten zum Gesundheitszustand und Langzeitüberleben nach außerklinischer Reanimation vor. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den allgemeinen Gesundheitszustand und das neurologische Langzeitergebnis 2,5 bis 5 Jahre nach dem Reanimationsereignis sowie den Zusammenhang zwischen Behandlungsergebnis und präklinischen Patienten- und Behandlungsfaktoren.

Methodik
Alle über einen Zeitraum von 30 Monaten (2011–2013) durch den Rettungsdienst der Stadt Bonn durchgeführten Reanimationen wurden auf Grundlage der Notarzteinsatzprotokolle und des Deutschen Reanimationsregisters retrospektiv analysiert. Der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand wurde in Anlehnung an den SF-12 erfasst und das neurologische Langzeitergebnis kategorisiert (Cerebral Performance Category [CPC]). Die vorliegenden Daten wurden einer uni- und multivariaten logistischen Regressionsanalyse unterzogen.

Ergebnis
Von insgesamt 458 Patienten überlebten 17,9 % bis zur Krankenhausentlassung, 13,8 % mehr als 2,5 Jahre und 7,7 % bis zum Stichtag der Befragung. Von den noch lebenden Patienten hatten 85,3 % ein gutes neurologisches Ergebnis (CPC ≤ 2), welches durch ein geringeres Alter, einen beobachteten Kollaps, die Durchführung einer Defibrillation und das Ausbleiben einer Vasopressorgabe begünstigt wurde (multivariate Analyse). 74,2 % der Überlebenden beschrieben ihren Gesundheitszustand als gut.

Interpretation
Insgesamt überleben langfristig nur wenige Patienten einen außerklinischen Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand. Die überlebenden Patienten beurteilen ihren Gesundheitszustand als gut und zeigen ein gutes neurologisches Ergebnis. Dabei hängt dieses Behandlungsergebnis von denselben Parametern wie der primäre Reanimationserfolg (Überleben bis Krankenhausaufnahme) ab. Die Etablierung klinischer Instrumente zur frühen Prognoseerstellung ist wünschenswert. Hierzu sind weitere Langzeituntersuchungen größerer Patientenkollektive mit Zugriff auf Routinedaten notwendig.
Zu Inhalt und Konzeption eines revidierten Landwirtschaftsgesetzes
Authors: Busse Christian 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Verfasser hat in der vorliegenden Zeitschrift die “Leipziger Erklärung” des Deutschen
Naturschutzrechtstages vom 25.4.2018 einer kritischen Analyse unterzogen. Darauf erwiderten Czybulka/Fischer-Hüftle/Hampicke/Köck/Martinez
ebenfalls in dieser Zeitschrift. Die Erwiderung nimmt der Verfasser zum Anlass, zum einen seine kritische
Analyse zu überprüfen und zum anderen auf einige mit der Debatte verbundene rechtssystematische
Fragen einzugehen. Die Debatte fügt sich dabei in die aktuelle Diskussion über die zukünftige
Ausgestaltung des Agrarumwelt- und Agrarförderrechts ein.
Kastenstandhaltung und kein Ende
Authors: Schürmeier Claudia 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungSeit Jahrzehnten werden Jungsauen und Sauen über Wochen hinweg in Kastenständen zur Zucht
von Ferkeln eingepfercht und können sich weder bewegen noch umdrehen. Selbst das Ausstrecken der Beine
in Seitenlage wird zum jahrelangen Diskussionsgegenstand, weil aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen um die
Breite der Kastenstände und damit um die baulichen Bedingungen in den Ställen gerungen wird. Die
Stimmen in der Gesellschaft, die sich gegen eine solche Behandlung der Schweine, aber auch gegen den in
großen Teilen nicht artgerechten Umgang mit Tieren in der Landwirtschaft insgesamt wenden, wurden in
den vergangenen Jahren immer lauter. Werden politische Entscheidungen zugunsten der Tiere getroffen, sind
diese bis zu ihrer Wirksamkeit allerdings oftmals mit langen Übergangsfristen verbunden. Ein Beispiel
dafür ist die Beschlussfassung der Siebten Änderungsverordnung zur Tierschutz-Nutztierhaltungsverordnung,
die die rechtliche Grundlage für die Abschaffung der Kastenstandhaltung legt. Dennoch ist der jüngste
Beschluss des Bundesrates aus tierschutzrechtlicher Sicht keineswegs zufriedenstellend. Die Änderungsverordnung
vermittelt den Eindruck, es gehe in erster Linie nicht um das Wohl der Tiere, sondern um ein möglichst
langes Hinauszögern der Abschaffung der Kastenstandhaltung, um wirtschaftliche Nachteile für die
Halter gering zu halten. Übergangsfristen von bis zu fünfzehn Jahren nach Inkrafttreten der Verordnung
geben den Schweinehaltern eine lange Planungsperspektive. Für die betroffenen Tiere ändert sich
derweil auf Jahre hinaus aber nichts.
A Multi-level Review of Engineering Ethics Education: Towards a Socio-technical Orientation of Engineering Education for Ethics
Authors: Martin Diana Adela , Conlon Eddie , Bowe Brian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to review the empirical and theoretical research on engineering ethics education, by focusing on the challenges reported in the literature. The analysis is conducted at four levels of the engineering education system. First, the individual level is dedicated to findings about teaching practices reported by instructors. Second, the institutional level brings together findings about the implementation and presence of ethics within engineering programmes. Third, the level of policy situates findings about engineering ethics education in the context of accreditation. Finally, there is the level of the culture of engineering education. The multi-level analysis allows us to address some of the limitations of higher education research which tends to focus on individual actors such as instructors or remains focused on the levels of policy and practice without examining the deeper levels of paradigm and purpose guiding them. Our approach links some of the challenges of engineering ethics education with wider debates about its guiding paradigms. The main contribution of the paper is to situate the analysis of the theoretical and empirical findings reported in the literature on engineering ethics education in the context of broader discussions about the purpose of engineering education and the aims of reform programmes. We conclude by putting forward a series of recommendations for a socio-technical oriented reform of engineering educationforethics.
European illegal puppy trade and organised crime
Authors: Maher Jennifer , Wyatt Tanya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrganised crime groups’ involvement in illicit markets is a common focus of law enforcement and governments. Drug, weapon, human and wildlife trafficking (and others) are all illegal activities with link to organised crime. This paper explores the overlooked illicit market of puppies. We detail the state of knowledge about the organisation of the UK puppy trade, which includes irresponsible and illegal breeding of puppies throughout Europe and their often-illegal movement into the UK. In 2017, we conducted an analysis of hundreds of online advertisements in Scotland, 12 expert interviews, a stakeholder survey of 53 participants, and 40 focus groups across Great Britain. Our data suggest an organised illicit market running in parallel to the legal trade. We speculate as to whether at some point along the supply chain organised crime groups are responsible for the suffering and death of the puppies and the economic and emotional damage to ‘consumers’. Online monitoring and physical scrutiny at the ports must be improved to reduce non-human animal abuse. People buying puppies must also be made aware that their purchase could be profiting organised crime.
Neural network-based anomalous diffusion parameter estimation approaches for Gaussian processes
Authors: Szarek Dawid 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnomalous diffusion behavior can be observed in many single-particle (contained in crowded environments) tracking experimental data. Numerous models can be used to describe such data. In this paper, we focus on two common processes: fractional Brownian motion (fBm) and scaled Brownian motion (sBm). We proposed novel methods for sBm anomalous diffusion parameter estimation based on the autocovariance function (ACVF). Such a function, for centered Gaussian processes, allows its unique identification. The first estimation method is based solely on theoretical calculations, and the other one additionally utilizes neural networks (NN) to achieve a more robust and well-performing estimator. Both fBm and sBm methods were compared between the theoretical estimators and the ones utilizing artificial NN. For the NN-based approaches, we used such architectures as multilayer perceptron (MLP) and long short-term memory (LSTM). Furthermore, the analysis of the additive noise influence on the estimators’ quality was conducted for NN models with and without the regularization method.
Circular Economy Applied to Organic Residues and Wastewater: Research Challenges
Authors: Bakan Bénédicte , Bernet Nicolas , Bouchez Théodore , Boutrou Rachel , Choubert Jean-Marc , Dabert Patrick , Duquennoi Christian , Ferraro Vincenza , García-Bernet Diana , Gillot Sylvie , Mery Jacques , Rémond Caroline , Steyer Jean-Philippe , Trably Eric , Tremier Anne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo move today’s agricultural and urban systems towards tomorrow’s circular economy and respond to climate change, it is imperative to turn organic residues and wastewater into resourceful assets. This article discusses the changes that are needed in research to drive this paradigm shift and to go from a “losses and waste” situation to a “resource and opportunities” ambition. The current lines of research aim to maximise the use and value of biomass or organic residues and wastewater and propose new organisational schemes driven by technical innovations. Exploring the pathways to a sustainable future through many domains let us identify five challenges to structure the research efforts and find circular bioeconomy solutions for organic residues and wastewater: (1) proposing innovative processes and integrated multi-process systems; (2) promoting the emergence of multi-scale and cross-sectoral organisations; (3) developing multi-performance evaluation methods, (4) rethinking research–society intersections, and (5) enhancing research–legislation interactions. We end by outlining prospects for moving forward past current limitations: beyond increasing knowledge, research will continue its own transition. Our responsibility today is not to think about what we could do for a better world but what we should do to make our ever-changing world even better and more sustainable.
Graphic Abstract