bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivariate analysis of the spatial species diversity of demersal fish assemblages in relation to habitat characteristics in a subtropical national park, Taiwan
Authors: Chen Kuo-Shu , Chen Hsu-Sen , Chen Chiee-Young , Su Yan-Lin , Meng Pei-Jie , Chen Meng-Hsien 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo understand the spatial species diversity of demersal fish assemblages in Taijiang National Park (TJNP) of Taiwan, fishes from 44 demersal trawl hauls and environmental data were collected in the nearshore and offshore areas of TJNP from April 2016 to May 2019. In total, fishes of 47 families, 84 genera, and 113 species were recorded. The nearshore and offshore demersal fish assemblages in TJNP exhibited significant variability in species composition assessed via beta diversity. Using distance-based redundancy analysis, we demonstrated that bottom depth and substrate type were significant explanatory variables of spatial species diversity and identified three habitat types (I: shallow soft bottom; II: deeper soft bottom; III: deeper bottom with mixed sand and gravel substrates). The nearshore assemblage was characterized by type I, where Tarphops oligolepis (flounder), Trachinocephalus myops (snakefish), and Liachirus melanospilos (carpet sole) dominated in terms of abundance. The offshore assemblage was characterized by either type II or type III because differences in substrate types among sampling sites were noticeable. At the offshore sites characterized by a deeper soft bottom (type II), Johnius distinctus (croaker), Cynoglossus kopsii (shortheaded tonguesole), and Coelorinchus formosanus (Formosa grenadier) predominated. In contrast, the westernmost sampling site, characterized by type III habitat, exhibited relatively high Shannon indices, and Scorpaena miostoma (scorpionfish), Urolophus aurantiacus (sepia stingray), and Parabothus taiwanensis (lefteye flounder) predominated. Our results provide the first baseline information on the environmental characteristics and spatial species diversity of demersal fish assemblages in TJNP and have implications for biodiversity conservation in existing spatial management areas.
Understanding the social impacts of enforcement activities on illegal wildlife trade in China
Authors: Hu Sifan , Cheng Yu , Pan Rong , Zou Fasheng , Lee Tien Ming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIllegal wildlife trade enforcement is a cornerstone conservation strategy worldwide, yet we have a limited understanding on its social impacts. Using Chinese online wildlife seizure news (2003–2018), we evaluated the interactions among enforcement operations, news frequency, and social engagement (i.e., whistle-blowing) frequency. Our results showed that intensive enforcement operations, which commenced after 2012, have social impacts by increasing the frequency of all seizure news significantly by 28% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 5%, 51%] and those via whistle-blowing by 24% [95% CI: 2%, 45%], when compared to counterfactual models where possible confounding factors were accounted for. Furthermore, we revealed the potential interaction between enforcement seizure news with and without social engagement, and the consequential social feedback process. Of the species identified from ‘whistle-blowing’ news, up to 28% are considered as high conservation priorities. Overall, we expanded our understanding of the enforcement impacts to social dimensions, which could contribute to improving the cost-effectiveness of such conservation efforts.
ESSM Position Statement “Sexual Wellbeing After Gender Affirming Surgery”
Authors: Özer Müjde , Toulabi Sahaand Poor , Fisher Alessandra D. , T'Sjoen Guy , Buncamper Marlon E. , Monstrey Stan , Bizic Marta R. , Djordjevic Miroslav , Falcone Marco , Christopher Nim A. , Simon Daniel , Capitán Luis , Motmans Joz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Much has been published on the surgical and functional results following Gender Affirming Surgery (‘GAS’) in trans individuals. Comprehensive results regarding sexual wellbeing following GAS, however, are generally lacking.

Aim
To review the impact of various GAS on sexual wellbeing in treatment seeking trans individuals, and provide a comprehensive list of clinical recommendations regarding the various surgical options of GAS on behalf of the European Society for Sexual Medicine.

Methods
The Medline, Cochrane Library and Embase databases were reviewed on the results of sexual wellbeing after GAS.

Main Outcomes Measure
The task force established consensus statements regarding the somatic and general requirements before GAS and of GAS: orchiectomy-only, vaginoplasty, breast augmentation, vocal feminization surgery, facial feminization surgery, mastectomy, removal of the female sexual organs, metaidoioplasty, and phalloplasty. Outcomes pertaining to sexual wellbeing- sexual satisfaction, sexual relationship, sexual response, sexual activity, enacted sexual script, sexuality, sexual function, genital function, quality of sex life and sexual pleasure- are provided for each statement separately.

Results
The present position paper provides clinicians with statements and recommendations for clinical practice, regarding GAS and their effects on sexual wellbeing in trans individuals. These data, are limited and may not be sufficient to make evidence-based recommendations for every surgical option. Findings regarding sexual wellbeing following GAS were mainly positive. There was no data on sexual wellbeing following orchiectomy-only, vocal feminization surgery, facial feminization surgery or the removal of the female sexual organs. The choice for GAS is dependent on patient preference, anatomy and health status, and the surgeon's skills. Trans individuals may benefit from studies focusing exclusively on the effects of GAS on sexual wellbeing.

Conclusion
The available evidence suggests positive results regarding sexual wellbeing following GAS. We advise more studies that underline the evidence regarding sexual wellbeing following GAS. This position statement may aid both clinicians and patients in decision-making process regarding the choice for GAS.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude, practice and associated factors of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis among health professionals. A cross sectional study
Authors: Kiflie Alemnesh Molla , Mersha Abraham Tarekegn , Workie Misganaw Mengie , Admass Biruk Adie , Ferede Yonas Admasu , Bizuneh Yosef Belay 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of postoperative morbidity.
In hospitalized patients, it is a common and potentially fatal complication. Knowledge, positive attitude, and effective practice on VTE prophylaxis are vital for the proper management of patients. Inadequate knowledge and poor practice of health professionals towards VTE prophylaxis increased patients’ complications.

Objective:
To assess knowledge, Attitude, practices, and associated factors towards VTE prophylaxis among health professionals for adults hospitalized patients at the University of X in 2021.

Methods:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study on 404 health professionals from May, 10 to June 20, 2021, at University of X hospital. Consecutive sampling was used to select the study participants. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with the knowledge, attitude, and practice level of health professionals towards VTE prophylaxis. In multivariable analysis, variables with a p-value of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to check for model goodness-of-fit.

Results:
A total of 404 health professionals who worked at the University of X hospital involved in the study with a response rate of 96%. The overall proportion of satisfactory knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice towards VTE prophylaxis for hospitalized patients were 49.8% (95% CI: 44.8–54.7), 87.1% (95% CI: 83.85–90.41), and 39.9% (95% CI: 35.1–44.6) respectively. Health professionals whose years of experience >10 years were greater than 5 times (AOR = 5.415, 95% CI 1.037–28.287) more likely to have satisfactory knowledge about VTE prophylaxis as compared to professionals who had less than 5 years of experience. Experience, work unit, knowledge, and level of education were associated significantly with practice.

Conclusion:
and recommendations: A low degree of knowledge and poor practices on VTE prophylaxis among health professionals noted in this study. We recommend to implement local guidelines and policy.

Highlights
School strike for climate are leading the way: how their people power strategies are generating distinctive pathways for leadership development
Authors: Tattersall Amanda , Hinchliffe Jean , Yajman Varsha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince November 2018, Australian high school climate strikers have become leaders in the movement for climate action, giving rise to a new generation of young people who have learnt how to lead change. This article focuses on the question of leadership across social movements and in global youth movements. It then investigates the different forms of leadership emerging in School Striker for Climate (SS4C) through a qualitative survey of its leaders. We argue that leadership is multifaceted, shaped by the different strategies that movements use to engage people in collective action. We present three different people power strategies – mobilising, organising and playing by the rules – and explore how these different strategies generate varied pathways for leadership development. We identify the strengths and limits of each strategy, and we find that peer learning, mentoring, learning by doing, confrontation, reflective spaces and training are important leadership development tools. This article’s greatest strength comes from the positionally of us as researchers – two of us are student strikers, and the third is an active supporter, giving us a distinctively engaged perspective on a powerful movement for change.
2020 ASR Distinguished Lecture: African Voices Matter: Reflections on Fifty Years of Historical Research in Southern Africa
Authors: Edgar Robert 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe recent racial reckoning has challenged scholars to recover Black voices that have been erased from historical accounts. This essay is my reflections on the challenges I faced in conducting research on African voices in politically and racially charged settings in Lesotho and South Africa over the past half century. After the political atmosphere began changing in South Africa in 1990, I served the individuals and communities I write about by rectifying historical injustices such as returning a holy relic to a religious group, the Israelites, and facilitating the return of remains of Nontetha Nkwenkwe from a pauper’s grave in Pretoria to her home.
African Studies Keyword: Malaria
Authors: Graboyes Melissa , Alidina Zainab 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFrom nearly any perspective and metric, the effects of malaria on the African continent have been persistent and deep. By focusing on the malady of malaria and the last century of biomedical interventions, Graboyes and Alidina raise critical historical, ethical, and scientific questions related to truth telling, African autonomy, and the obligations of foreign researchers. They provide a condensed history of malaria activities on the continent over the past 120 years, highlighting the overall history of failures to eliminate or control the disease. A case study of the risks of rebound malaria illustrates the practical and moral problems that abound when historical knowledge is ignored. In light of current calls for renewed global eradication efforts, Graboyes and Alidina provide evidence for why historical knowledge must be better integrated into global health epistemic realms.
KL2 scholars’ perceptions of factors contributing to sustained translational science career success
Authors: Smyth Susan S. , Coller Barry S. , Jackson Rebecca D. , Kern Philip A. , McIntosh Scott , Meagher Emma A. , Rubio Doris M. , Sandberg Kathryn , Tsevat Joel , Umans Jason G. , Attia Jacqueline , Baker Heather L. , Nagel Joan D. , McMullen Colleen A. , Rosemond Erica 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Identifying the most effective ways to support career development of early stage investigators in clinical and translational science should yield benefits for the biomedical research community. Institutions with Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) offer KL2 programs to facilitate career development; however, the sustained impact has not been widely assessed.

Methods:
A survey comprised of quantitative and qualitative questions was sent to 2144 individuals that had previously received support through CTSA KL2 mechanisms. The 547 responses were analyzed with identifying information redacted.

Results:
Respondents held MD (47%), PhD (36%), and MD/PhD (13%) degrees. After KL2 support was completed, physicians’ time was divided 50% to research and 30% to patient care, whereas PhD respondents devoted 70% time to research. Funded research effort averaged 60% for the cohort. Respondents were satisfied with their career progression. More than 95% thought their current job was meaningful. Two-thirds felt confident or very confident in their ability to sustain a career in clinical and translational research. Factors cited as contributing to career success included protected time, mentoring, and collaborations.

Conclusion:
This first large systematic survey of KL2 alumni provides valuable insight into the group’s perceptions of the program and outcome information. Former scholars are largely satisfied with their career choice and direction, national recognition of their expertise, and impact of their work. Importantly, they identified training activities that contributed to success. Our results and future analysis of the survey data should inform the framework for developing platforms to launch sustaining careers of translational scientists.
Intake of nanoparticles and impact on gut microbiota: in vitro and animal models available for testing
Authors: Campos Débora , Goméz-García Ricardo , Oliveira Diana , Madureira Ana Raquel 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The oral delivery of compounds associated with diet or medication have an impact on the gut microbiota balance, which in turn, influences the physiologic process. Several reports have shown significant advances in clarifying the impact, interactions and outcomes of oral intake of nanoparticles and the human gut. These interactions may affect the bioavailability of the delivered compounds. In addition, there is a considerable breakthrough in the development of antimicrobial nanoparticles for intestinal pathogenic bacteria. Several in vitro fermentation and in vivo models have been developed throughout the years and were used to test these systems. The methodologies and studies carried out so far on the modulation of human and animal gut microbiome by oral delivery nanosized materials were reviewed. Overall, the available in vitro studies mimic the real physiological events enabling to select the best production conditions of nanoparticulate systems in a preliminary stage of research. On the other hand, animal studies can be used to access the dosage effect, safety and correlation between haematological, biochemical and symptoms, with gut microbiota groups and metabolites.
Rich kids of Europe? Social basis and strategic choices in the climate activism of Fridays for Future
Authors: della Porta Donatella , Portos Martín 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn 2018, Swedish teenager Greta Thunberg began a school strike that quickly spread across the globe. After a ritual strike every Friday by school pupils to call for urgent action against climate change had gone on for several months, what had become Fridays for Future (FFF) called for various global days of action throughout 2019, bringing millions of people out onto the streets in the largest climate protests in world history. Drawing on unique protest survey data on FFF events across European cities in 2019, this article explores the structural bases of organized collective mobilization for climate justice. Nuancing narratives that focus on either the privileged background of climate justice protesters or the environmentalism of the poor, our results show the heterogeneity of the social composition of the protests, suggesting the need for cross-class alliances for mass mobilizations. Moreover, our analysis reveals that the social background of protesters shaped their attitudes regarding what institutions and approaches can be relied upon to tackle climate and environmental challenges. This suggests an important and under-studied connection between social background and the strategic choices of environmental movements.
Pre-folding fracturing in a foredeep environment: insights from the Carseolani Mountains (central Apennines, Italy)
Authors: Mercuri Marco , Smeraglia Luca , Curzi Manuel , Tavani Stefano , Maffucci Roberta , Pignalosa Antonio , Billi Andrea , Carminati Eugenio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBedding-perpendicular joints striking parallel (longitudinal) and perpendicular (transverse) to both the axis of the hosting anticline and the trend of the foredeep-belt system are widely recognized in fold-and-thrust belts. Their occurrence has been commonly attributed to folding-related processes, such as syn-folding outer-arc extension, although they can also be consistent with a pre-folding foredeep-related fracturing stage. Here we report the pre-folding fracture pattern affecting the Pietrasecca Anticline, in the central Apennines (Italy), resolved by a detailed field structural analysis. Field observations, scan-lines and interpretation of virtual outcrops were used to study the intensity, distribution and the orientations of fracture pattern along the anticline. The fracture pattern of the Pietrasecca Anticline consists of longitudinal and transverse joints, oriented approximately perpendicular to bedding, and of a pre-folding longitudinal pressure-solution cleavage set, which is oblique to bedding regardless of the bedding dip. Cross-cutting relationships show that joints predated the development of the pressure-solution cleavage. Furthermore, joint intensity does not relate to the structural position along the anticline. Taken together, these observations suggest that jointing occurred in a foredeep environment before the Pietrasecca Anticline growth. Our work further demonstrates that joints striking parallel and orthogonal to the main fold axis do not necessarily represent syn-folding deformation structures.
A retrospective study of perioperative clinical seizures and epilepsy in children after operation for CHD
Authors: Ikegawa Takeshi , Ono Shin , Yamamoto Kouji , Shimizu Mikihiro , Yanagi Sadamitsu , Kim Ki-Sung , Ichikawa Yasuhiro , Ueda Hideaki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the incidence and risk factors of perioperative clinical seizure and epilepsy in children after operation for CHD. We included 777 consecutive children who underwent operation from January 2013 to December 2016 at Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan. Perinatal, perioperative, and follow-up medical data were collected. Elastic net regression and mediation analysis were performed to investigate risk factors of perioperative clinical seizure and epilepsy. Anatomic CHD classification was performed based on the preoperative echocardiograms; cardiac surgery was evaluated using Risk Adjustment in Congenital Heart Surgery 1. Twenty-three (3.0%) and 15 (1.9%) patients experienced perioperative clinical seizure and epilepsy, respectively. Partial regression coefficient with epilepsy as the objective variable for anatomical CHD classification, Risk Adjustment in Congenital Heart Surgery 1, and the number of surgeries was 0.367, 0.014, and 0.142, respectively. The proportion of indirect effects on epilepsy via perioperative clinical seizure was 22.0, 21.0, and 33.0%, respectively. The 15 patients with epilepsy included eight cases with cerebral infarction, two cases with cerebral haemorrhage, and three cases with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy; white matter integrity was not found. Anatomical complexity of CHD, high-risk cardiac surgery, and multiple cardiac surgeries were identified as potential risk factors for developing epilepsy, with a low rate of indirect involvement via perioperative clinical seizure and a high rate of direct involvement independently of perioperative clinical seizure. Unlike white matter integrity, stroke and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy were identified as potential factors for developing epilepsy.
Role of cardiac MRI in the prediction of pre-Fontan end-diastolic ventricular pressure
Authors: Pizzuto Alessandra , Ait-Ali Lamia , Marrone Chiara , Salvadori Stefano , Cuman Magdalena , Pak Vitali , Santoro Giuseppe , Festa Pierluigi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground:Growing evidence has emphasised the importance of ventricular performance in functionally single-ventricle patients, particularly concerning diastolic function. Cardiac MRI has been proposed as non-invasive alternative to pre-Fontan cardiac catheterisation in selected patients.Aim of the study:To identify clinical and cardiac magnetic resonance predictors of high pre-Fontan end-diastolic ventricular pressure.Method:In a retrospective single-centre study, 38 patients with functionally univentricular heart candidate for Fontan intervention, who underwent pre-Fontan cardiac catheterisation, beside a comprehensive cardiac MRI, echocardiographic, and clinical assessment were included. Medical and surgical history, cardiac magnetic resonance, cardiac catheterisation, echocardiographic, and clinical data were recorded. We investigated the association between non-invasive parameters and cardiac catheterisation pre-Fontan risk factors, in particular with end-diastolic ventricular pressure. Moreover, the impact of conventional invasive pre-Fontan risk factor on post-operative outcome as also assessed.Results:Post-operative complications were associated with higher end-diastolic ventricular pressure and Mayo Clinic indexes (p < 0.01 and p = 0.05, respectively). At receiver operating characteristic curve analysis end-diastolic ventricular pressure ≥ 10.5 mmHg predicted post-operative complications with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 88% (AUC: 0.795, 95% CI 0.576;1.000, p < 0.05). At multivariate analysis, both systemic right ventricle (OR: 23.312, 95% CI: 2.704–200.979, p < 0.01) and superior caval vein indexed flow (OR: 0.996, 95% CI: 0.993–0.999, p < 0.05) influenced end-diastolic ventricular pressure ≥ 10.5 mmHg.Conclusions:A reduced superior caval vein flow, evaluated at cardiac magnetic resonance, is associated with higher end-diastolic ventricular pressure a predictor of early adverse outcome in post-Fontan patients.