bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformative perspectives on labour geographies – The role of labour agency in processes of socioecological transformations
Authors: Grenzdörffer Sinje Marlene 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBoth geographical research on socioecological transformations and labour geography see decisive deficiencies in current capitalist structures centred around growth. To highlight possibilities of economic pluralism, both fields analyse diverse economic spaces within, next to and beyond capitalist structures. A basic assumption in transformation perspectives is that economic structures are not fixed, but can be transformed by people as economic actors. This corresponds to the concept of ‘labour agency’ from labour geography, i.e. that workers as active agents are able to (re)shape the structures they are embedded in. Despite those common perspectives, these threads of research coexist without having been intertwined. With a focus on wage labour, this paper addresses the potential for an integrative perspective illustrated by the example of companies owned/managed by workers. In charge of their own skills, time and resources, workers can actively break with prevalent market logics, which incentivise trading (human) resources at the lowest price possible. By rejecting core dynamics of capitalist structures, these companies illustrate the workers' potential key role in processes of socioecological transformations. Thus, the derived objectives of this paper are (1) to analyse and accentuate existing parallels between labour geography and research on socioecological transformations, (2) to illustrate the potential transformative impact of labour agency exemplified by companies in worker's hands and (3) to enrich the field of labour geography by an understanding of labour geographies as transformative spaces. This paper serves as a cornerstone and invitation for further research at this interface.
Built‐up land expansion simulation with combination of naive Bayes and cellular automaton model—A case study of the Shanghai‐Hangzhou Bay agglomeration
Authors: Xiao Rui , Yu Xiaoyu , Zhang Zhonghao , Wang Xue 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSimulating and predicting the urban land use change can provide deeper spatial insights into dynamics and sustainable developments of urban planning. This research takes the Shanghai‐Hangzhou Bay (SHB) agglomeration as a study area and selects natural, economic, social, and policy variables as restraint conditions. A cellular automaton (CA) model and the naive Bayes‐cellular automaton (NB‐CA) model are employed and compared to simulate the built‐up land in SHB. Results show that the NB‐CA model greatly improves the simulation accuracy of built‐up land compared to CA model. Specifically, the simulation accuracy of the NB‐CA model is 14.68%, 14.03%, 7.43%, 6.00%, 5.32%, and 2.65% higher than that of the traditional CA model in Shanghai, Hangzhou, Huzhou, Jiaxing, Ningbo, and Shaoxing, respectively. Among the four restraint conditions, the least influential variable is the natural variable and the most influential is the policy variable in Shanghai, Ningbo, and Shaoxing and the social variable in Hangzhou, Huzhou, and Jiaxing. It is the first usage of naive Bayes and CA to simulate built‐up expansion and this new combination method highlights the improvement of simulation accuracy. The naive Bayes technology implies that government policy is an unstable factor that can influence the simulation of built‐up land change. The methodology will be applicable to other regions experiencing rapid built‐up land expansion under government policy.
The versatility of petrological modeling: Thermobarometry of high‐pressure metabasites from the Renge and Sanbagawa belts and phase evolution during warm subduction at Nankai
Authors: Hernández‐Uribe David , Gutiérrez‐Aguilar Fabián 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPetrological modeling is a powerful technique to address different types of geological problems via phase‐equilibria predictions at different pressure–temperature‐composition conditions. Here, we show the versatility of this technique by (1) performing thermobarometrical calculations using phase equilibrium diagrams to explore the petrological evolution of high‐pressure (HP) metabasites from the Renge and Sanbagawa belts, Japan and (2) forward‐modeling the mineral–melt evolution of the subducted fresh and altered oceanic crust along the Nankai subduction zone geotherm at the Kii peninsula, Japan. In the first case, we selected three representative samples from these metamorphic belts: a glaucophane eclogite and a garnet glaucophane schist from the Renge belt (Omi area) and a quartz eclogite from the Sanbagawa belt (Besshi area). We calculated the peak metamorphic conditions at ~2.0–2.3 GPa and ~550–630 °C for the HP metabasites from the Renge belt, whereas for the quartz eclogite, the peak equilibrium conditions were calculated at 2.5–2.8 GPa and ~640–750 °C. According to our models, the quartz eclogite experienced partial melting after peak metamorphism. In terms of the petrological evolution of the subducted uppermost portion of the oceanic crust along the warm Nankai geotherm, our models show that fluid release occurs at ~20–60 km, likely promoting high pore‐fluid pressure, and thus, seismicity at these depths; dehydration is controlled by chlorite breakdown. Our petrological models predict partial melting at >60 km, mainly driven by phengite and amphibole breakdown. According to our models, the melt proportion is relatively small, suggesting that slab anatexis is not an efficient mechanism for generating voluminous magmatism at these conditions. Modeled melt compositions correspond to high‐SiO2 adakites; these are similar to compositions found in the Daisen and Sambe volcanoes, in southwest Japan, suggesting that the modeled melts may serve as an analog to explain adakite petrogenesis.
High hydrostatic pressure assisted extraction of pectin from sugar beet pulp
Authors: Kaya Burcu , Okur Ilhami , Alpas Hami , Oztop Mecit Halil 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the effect of high hydrostatic pressure assisted extraction (HHPE) (250, 350 and 450 MPa at 40 °C for 5 min with/without acid addition) of pectin from sugar beet pulp and compare its properties with pectin obtained from conventional extraction (CE). Degree of esterification (DE), galacturonic acid (Gal‐A) content, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry experiments were performed on the obtained pectin powder. HHPE (12.23 ± 0.13%) doubled extraction yield compared to CE (6.43 ± 0.07%). Also, HHPE and acid addition were found to have a synergetic effect on the extraction. HHPE resulted in degradations in the polymer structure and reduced Gal‐A content and DE. Pectin extracted with both methods was classified as low methoxyl pectin (LMP). According to the NMR Relaxometry results, HHPE decreased water holding capacity (WHC). In brief, HHP was shown to increase the pectin extraction yield and no changes in viscosity were observed at the concentrations studied (2 g/L).
Technological and functional properties of reduced‐salt pork batter incorporated with soy protein isolate after pressure treatment
Authors: Li Yan‐ping , Kang Zhuang‐li , Sukmanov Valerii , Ma Hanjun 
Published: May 2021

SummaryTo investigate the effects of different pressures (0.1–400 MPa), the techno‐functional properties, water distribution and mobility of reduced‐salt pork batters (1% NaCl) supplemented with soy protein isolate (SPI, 2%) were examined. Compared with the batters treated at 0.1 MPa, those treated at 100–300 MPa showed significantly increased the cooking yield, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and G′ values of gel and reduced the initial relaxation times of T2b, T21 and T22, as observed from the results of low‐field NMR. Among all samples, those treated at 200 and 300 MPa had the highest L* value, cooking yield, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness and G′ value of gel, with the largest peak ratio of P21 and the smallest peak ratio of P22. Overall, treatments at 200 and 300 MPa improved the gel properties and lowered the water mobility of reduced‐salt pork batters supplemented with SPI.
CD11c participates in triggering acute graft‐versus‐host disease during bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Su Xiuhua , He Yi , Wang Mei , Yang Donglin , Zhang Rongli , Wei Jialin , Ma Qiaoling , Zhai Weihua , Pang Aiming , Huang Yong , Feng Sizhou , Ballantyne Christie M. , Wu Huaizhu , Pei Xiaolei , Feng Xiaoming , Han Mingzhe , Jiang Erlie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCD11c is a canonical dendritic cell (DC) marker with poorly defined functions in the immune system. Here, we found that blocking CD11c on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell‐derived DCs (MoDCs) inhibited the proliferation of CD4+ T cells and the differentiation into IFN‐γ‐producing T helper 1 (Th1) cells, which were critical in acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) pathogenesis. Using allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo‐BMT) murine models, we consistently found that CD11c‐deficient recipient mice had alleviated aGVHD symptoms for the decreased IFN‐γ‐expressing CD4+ Th1 cells and CD8+ T cells. Transcriptional analysis showed that CD11c participated in several immune regulation functions including maintaining antigen presentation of APCs. CD11c‐deficient bone marrow‐derived DCs (BMDCs) impaired the antigen presentation function in coculture assay. Mechanistically, CD11c interacted with MHCII and Hsp90 and participated in the phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2 in DCs after multiple inflammatory stimulations. Therefore, CD11c played crucial roles in triggering aGVHD and might serve as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of aGVHD.
Dual effect of IL‐7/IL‐7R signalling on the osteoimmunological system: a potential therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Xu Haiyan , Cai Li , Li Zijian , Zhang Lili , Wang Guojue , Xie Rongli , Jiang Yongshuai , Yuan Yuanyang , Nie Hong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe IL‐7/IL‐7R pathway plays a vital role in the immune system, especially in the inflammatory response. Monocytes/macrophages (osteoclast precursors) have been recently recognized as important participants in the osteoclastogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Here, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of IL‐7/IL‐7R pathway in RA and to determine whether it could restrain osteoclastogenic functions and therefore ameliorate RA. Firstly, collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) mice were administered with IL‐7Rα‐target antibodies to assess their therapeutic effect on arthritis. We found that blockade of the IL‐7/IL‐7R pathway protected CIA mice from bone destruction in addition to inducing inflammatory remission, by altering the RANKL/RANK/OPG ratio and consequently decreasing osteoclast formation. To explore the effect and mechanism of this pathway, bone marrow cells were induced to osteoclasts and treated with IL‐7, a STAT5 inhibitor or supernatants from T cells. The results showed that the IL‐7/IL‐7R pathway played a direct inhibitory role in osteoclast differentiation via STAT5 signalling pathway in a RANKL‐induced manner. We applied flow cytometry to analyse the effect of IL‐7 on T‐cell RANKL expression and found that IL‐7/IL‐7R pathway had an indirect role in the osteoclast differentiation process by enhancing the RANKL expression on T cells. In conclusion, the IL‐7/IL‐7R pathway exhibited a dual effect on osteoclastogenesis of CIA mice by interacting with osteoimmunology processes and could be a novel therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases such as RA.
Maize is stressed by salt rather than water under drip irrigation with soil matric potential higher than −50 kPa in an arid saline area
Authors: Zhang Tibin , Ji Xiangxiang , Zhan Xiaoyun , Ding Yuntao , Zou Yufeng , Kisekka Isaya , Chau Henry Wai , Feng Hao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWater scarcity and soil salinization are the top abiotic stresses impeding agricultural production in arid and semi‐arid regions. To evaluate maize growth is depressed by water stress or salt stress independently as well as in combination under drip irrigation, a 3‐year field experiment was conducted in the Hetao Irrigation District, north‐west China. The soil was moderately saline with ECe (electrical conductivity of saturated extract) of 7.1 dS/m. Five threshold values of soil matric potential (SMP): −10 kPa (S1), −20 kPa (S2), −30 kPa (S3), −40 kPa (S4), and −50 kPa (S5), were used to trigger a 10‐mm drip irrigation. With triplicate for each treatment, 15 plots were arranged in a randomized block design permanently during the experimental period. Results showed that the higher SMP facilitated the formation of low‐salinity zone. The water holding depths in root zone were generally above the refill point (threshold of readily available water, 0.23 cm3/cm3 for maize) during the growing seasons for all treatments, indicating maize could extract water easily from soil. Controlling SMP > −30 kPa (S1, S2, S3) produced the higher leaf area index, specific leaf area, biomass and grain yield significantly than S4 and S5; however, no significant difference in relative chlorophyll contents was detected among treatments. Grain yield was reduced by 6.8% per dS/m increase in soil ECe beyond salt tolerance of maize. Based on the soil readily available water for maize growth, crop's responses and data analysis, it could be concluded that salt stress, rather than water stress, was the key factor causing the reduced grain yield in this study. Taking into account the grain yield and water‐use efficiency, SMP threshold of −30 kPa was recommended for drip irrigation maize in this saline soil. These findings are conducive to the extension of drip irrigation, and increasing the resilience of crop production under the arid saline condition.
Appraisal for organic amendments and plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria to enhance crop productivity under drought stress: A review
Authors: Ullah Naseer , Ditta Allah , Imtiaz Muhammad , Li Xiaomin , Jan Amin Ullah , Mehmood Sajid , Rizwan Muhammad Shahid , Rizwan Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPlants are sessile organisms, frequently face unfavourable growth conditions such as drought, salinity, chilling, freezing and high‐temperature stresses, inhibiting growth and development, and ultimately reducing crop productivity. Among these stresses, drought stress has been a major challenge for sustainable crop production and a hot area of research under the current climate change scenario. Organic amendments such as biochar (BC) and compost along with plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could be a sustainable strategy to improve crop growth and productivity under drought stress environment. There are several reports about compost, BC, and PGPR application as a single or combined treatment to enhance crop productivity under drought stress. Compost and BC act as conditioners to improve soil physicochemical and biological properties thereby enhancing water holding capacity (WHC) and nutrient retention and availability to the plants. Both BC and compost also serve as carbon sources and suitable environment for PGPR and endogenous microbes to enhance their growth promotion activities under drought stress. PGPR alleviate drought stress via ACC‐deaminase and P‐solubilizing activities, production of phytohormones, secretion of organic acids, acting as biocontrol agents,etc. In the present review, the individual and combined effect of compost, BC, and PGPR to alleviate drought stress in plants has been critically summarized. Moreover, research gaps and future research directions have been identified and discussed in depth.
Transport of potassium ions in niobium phosphate glasses
Authors: Razum Marta , Pavić Luka , Ghussn Luciana , Moguš‐Milanković Andrea , Šantić Ana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe influence of Nb2O5 on the structure and ionic conductivity of potassium phosphate glasses was investigated in glasses with composition xNb2O5–(100‐x)[0.45K2O–0.55P2O5], x = 10–47 mol%. The Raman spectra of glasses reveal a transition from predominantly orthophosphate to predominantly niobate glass network with increasing Nb2O5 content. In the glass structure, niobium forms NbO6 octahedra which are interlinked with phosphate units for the glass containing 10 mol% Nb2O5, but for higher Nb2O5 content they become mutually interconnected via Nb‐O‐Nb bonds. The transport of potassium ions was found to be strongly dependent on the structural characteristics of the glass network. While the mixed niobate‐phosphate glass network hinders the diffusion of potassium ions by providing traps that immobilize them and/or by blocking the conduction pathways, predominantly niobate glass network exhibits a rather facilitating effect which is evidenced in the trend of DC conductivity as well as in the features of the frequency‐dependent conductivity and typical hopping lengths of potassium ions.
Numerical simulation and experimental verification of dry pressed MgTiO3ceramic body during pressureless sintering
Authors: Wang Jiang , Ni Yu , Liu Kai , Du Yanying , Liu Wei , Wang Zijian , Huang Shangyu , Sun Huajun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo clarify the densification law of dry pressed MgTiO3ceramic body during pressureless sintering, SOVS model (Skorohod‐Olevsky Viscous Sintering model) modified with creep characteristics was embedded into finite element software Abaqus. The selected model can effectively express the grain boundary characteristics and densification mechanism. The change law of relative density, shrinkage rate, sintering stress, and grain size of MgTiO3cylindrical specimens was investigated by the above numerical simulation method. It showed that the average relative density of ceramic body rose from 60% to 97%, and the shrinkage rate respectively reached 17.28% and 11.99% in axial and radial direction. The average grain size increased from 1 to 6 μm. In order to verify the accuracy of the simulation results, corresponding sintering experiments on cylindrical specimens were carried out to obtain actual sintering densities and shrinkage rates. It showed that the errors of relative density and shrinkage were below 5% and 2%. Grain growth trend was also basically consistent with the simulation results. After that, the above numerical simulation method was applied into the prediction of fabricating MgTiO3filter with complex structure. Therefore, the present work provided a reliable numerical simulation method to predict the densification behavior of MgTiO3ceramics during the pressureless sintering process, which was helpful to design and fabricate microwave dielectric products.
Single phase multi color emitting Ca2LuTaO6: Dy3+/Eu3+ double perovskite oxide phosphors
Authors: Khan Noor Zamin , Khan Sayed Ali , Sohail Muhammad , Khan M. A. Majeed , Ahmed Jahangeer , Zhan Li , Wang Feihong , Abbas Muhammad Tahir , Xu Xin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe trivalent rare‐earth (RE3+) doped phosphors show tremendous achievement in narrow band multicolor line emission for various applications. However, the 4f–4f absorption transition of these ions is forbidden in UV and blue light excitation. Usually, a sensitizer having spin allowed transition was used as a co‐dopant to excite these ions via the energy transfer phenomenon. Another approach promisingly using to excite these ions by efficient energy transfer from the intrinsic emission of the Ca2LuTaO6 double perovskite phosphors host lattice. Phosphors of Ca2LuTaO6 with double perovskite structure were synthesized by using a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction method. The produced Ca2LuTaO6 double perovskite phosphors show an intrinsic broad band emission centered at 424 nm under the excitation of 313 nm UV light. The origin of this broad band blue emission was deeply investigated by using computation and experimental approaches. The trivalent activator Dy3+ and Eu3+ were doped is a single and co‐dopant in the produced Ca2LuTaO6 phosphors to check their excitation in UV and near‐UV spectral region. X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the structure and phase analysis. Various characterizations such as photoluminescence excitation, emission, and CIE chromaticity coordinates were measured which illustrate the potential of Dy3+ and Eu3+ activated Ca2LuTaO6 double perovskite phosphors for narrow band multicolor line emission for various applications.
Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility trends of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival microbiota of German periodontitis patients: A retrospective surveillance study
Authors: Jepsen Karin , Falk Wolfgang , Brune Friederike , Fimmers Rolf , Jepsen Søren , Bekeredjian‐Ding Isabelle 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis retrospective surveillance study aimed to follow periodontitis‐associated bacterial profiles and to identify time‐dependent changes in antibiotic susceptibility patterns.Materials and MethodsFrom 2008 to 2015, bacterial specimen from deep periodontal pockets were collected from a total of 7804 German adults diagnosed with periodontitis. Presence of selected bacteria was confirmed by anaerobic culture and nucleic acid amplification. Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates was tested by disc diffusion with antibiotics used for the treatment of periodontitis and oral infections. The prevalences of periodontal pathogens were calculated and temporal evolution of antimicrobial susceptibility towards amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, metronidazole, doxycycline, clindamycin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin was analysed with logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of patients harbouring bacteria was 95.9% Fusobacterium nucleatum, 88.0% Tannerella forsythia, 76.4% Treponema denticola, 76.5%, Campylobacter rectus, 76.0% Eikenella corrodens, 75.0% Capnocytophaga spp., 68.2% Porphyromonas gingivalis, 57.7% Peptostreptococcus micros, 43.1% Prevotella intermedia, 30.4% Eubacterium nodatum and 21.5% Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. In 63.5% of patients, one or more isolates were not susceptible to at least one of the antibiotics tested. The data further revealed a trend towards decreasing susceptibility profiles (p < 0.05) with antibiotic non‐susceptibilities in 37% of patients in 2008 and in 70% in 2015.ConclusionsThe present study confirmed a high prevalence of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival microbiota of German periodontitis patients. The data revealed an incremental increase in isolates displaying resistance to some antibiotics but no relevant change in susceptibility to amoxicillin and metronidazole.
Realistic genetic architecture enables organismal adaptation as predicted under the folk definition of inclusive fitness
Authors: Garcia‐Costoya Guillermo , Fromhage Lutz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA fundamental task of evolutionary biology is to explain the pervasive impression of organismal design in nature, including traits benefiting kin. Inclusive fitness is considered by many to be a crucial piece in this puzzle, despite ongoing discussion about its scope and limitations. Here, we use individual‐based simulations to study what quantity (if any) individual organisms become adapted to maximize when genetic architectures are more or less suitable for the presumed main driver of biological adaptation, namely cumulative multi‐locus evolution. As an expository device, we focus on a hypothetical situation called Charlesworth’s paradox, in which altruism is seemingly predicted to evolve, yet altruists immediately perish along with their altruistic genes. Our results support a recently proposed re‐definition of inclusive fitness, which is concerned with the adaptive design of whole organisms as shaped by multi‐locus evolution, rather than with selection for any focal gene. They also illustrate how our conceptual understanding of adaptation at the phenotypic level should inform our choice of genetic assumptions in abstract simplified models.