bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TIGHT-TARDY PROGRESSIVE IDLING-FREE 1-MACHINE PREEMPTIVE SCHEDULING WITH JOB PRIORITY WEIGHTS BY HEURISTIC’S EFFICIENT JOB ORDER INPUT
Authors: Romanuke Vadim V. 
Published: October 2021

Background. In setting a problem of minimizing total weighted tardiness by the heuristic based on remaining available and processing periods, there are two opposite ways to input the data: the job release dates are given in either ascending or descending order. It was recently ascertained that scheduling a few equal-length jobs is expectedly faster by ascending order, whereas scheduling 30 to 70 equal-length jobs is 1.5 % to 2.5 % faster by descending order. For the number of equal-length jobs between roughly 90 and 250, the ascending job order again results in shorter computation times. In the case when the jobs have different lengths, the significance of the job order input is much lower. On average, the descending job order input gives a tiny advantage in computation time. This advantage decreases as the number of jobs increases.
Objective. The goal is to ascertain whether the job order input is significant in scheduling by using the heuristic for the case when the jobs have different lengths with job priority weights. Job order efficiency will be studied on tight-tardy progressive idling-free 1-machine preemptive scheduling.
Methods. To achieve the said goal, a computational study is carried out with a purpose to estimate the averaged computation time for both ascending and descending orders of job release dates. First, the computation time for the ascending job order input is estimated for a series of job scheduling problems. Then, in each instance of this series, job lengths, priority weights, release dates, and due dates are reversed making thus the respective instance for the descending job order input, for which computation time is estimated as well.
Results. The significance of the job order input is much lower than that for the case of jobs without priorities. With assigning the job priority weights, the job order input becomes further “dithered”, adding randomly scattered priority weights to randomly scattered job lengths and partially randomized due dates. On average, the descending job order input is believed to give a tiny advantage in computation time in scheduling up to 100 jobs. However, this advantage, if any (being tinier than that in the case of random job lengths without priorities), quickly vanishes as the number of jobs increases.
Conclusions. It is better to compose job scheduling problems which would be closer to the case with equal-length jobs without priorities, where the saved computational time can be counted in hours. Even if the job lengths and priority weights are scattered, it is recommended to artificially “flatten” them. When artificial manipulations over job processing periods and job priority weights are impossible, it is recommended to use the descending job order input in scheduling up to 100 jobs, and either job order input in scheduling more than 100 jobs, although substantial benefits are not expected in this case.
IMPLEMENTASI BAHASA ADAT MOMBESARA PADA PROSES UPACARA ADAT PERKAWINAN MASYARAKAT SUKU TOLAKI DI KOTA KENDARI
Authors: ALAN ALAN 
Published: October 2021

Bahasa sebagai sarana komunikasi antar penuturnya mempunyai peranan penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, karena manusia dalam beraktivitas tidak terlepas dari manusia lain, bahkan dengan lingkungan sekalipun. Dalam upaya memenuhi kebutuhan kita sehari-hari bahasa sangatlah perlu di gunakan baik lisan maupun tulisan. Bahasa adalah alat komunikasi antar sesama, dalam hubungan antar sesama penutur bahasa yang sama antar penutur bahasa yang lainnya. Dalam mempergunakan bahasa baik sebagai alat komunikasi sesama penutur membutuhkan pengetahuan untuk menginplementasikan bahasa itu sendiri. Telah kita ketahui bersama bahwa bahasa adat masing-masing suku mempunyai ciri khas masing-masing. Kemudian pada upacara adat perkawinan suku tolaki terdapat suatu adat yang di pertahankan keberadaannya, dan menjadi warisan budaya leluhur nenek moyang suku tolaki, dan bukan itu saja, adat mombesara ini sebagian besar warga masyarakat kendari sudah menjadikan ikon dalam melaksanakan upacara adat perkawinan mereka yang bersuku tolaki. Tentunya dalam upacara tersebut terdapat kata-kata yang sering digunakan oleh pembicara-pembicara yang terlibat dalam acara tersebut yaitu yaitu bahasa mombesara. Dari permasalahan tersebut diatas, peneliti berusaha mencari tahu implementasi bahasa adat mombesara pada upacara adat perkawinan suku tolaki di kota Kendari dengan metode kualitatif. Dalam metode kualitatif ini, peneliti menentukan dan memilih informan sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian (purposive) yakni informan dari tolea yaitu penutur adat Mombesara dari pihak laki-laki, Pabitara merupakan penutur adat Mombesara dari pihak perempuan dan tokoh Adat, tokoh Agama dan Pemerintah setempat yang sering dihadirkan dalam upacara tersebut, dan yang mengetahui dan memahami hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan masalah penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini terdiri dari (1) observasi (2) wawancara mendalam (deep interview), dan (3) penelusuran kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini akan disajikan dengan menggunakan teknik informal dan formal. Secara informal, hasil penelitian ini disajikan dalam bentuk narasi karena makna teks bersifat verbal dan memiliki struktur naratif dengan mengikuti kaidah penulisan ilmiah. Secara formal, hasil penelitian ini disajikan melalui gambar, foto, peta dan lain sebagainya.
The continuity of prime numbers can lead to even continuity
Authors: Ling Xie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
n continuous prime numbers can combine a group of continuous even numbers. If an adjacent prime number is followed, the even number will continue. For example, if we take prime number 3, we can get even number 6. If we follow an adjacent prime number 5, we can get even numbers by using 3 and 5: 6, 8 and 10. If a group of continuous prime numbers 3,5,7,11,... P, we can get a group of continuous even numbers 6,8,10,12,..., 2n. Then if an adjacent prime number q is followed, the original group of even numbers 6,8,10,12,..., 2n will be finitely extended to 2 (n + 1) or more adjacent even numbers. My purpose is to prove that the continuity of prime numbers will lead to even continuity as long as 2 (n + 1) can be extended. If the continuity of even numbers is discontinuous, it violates the Bertrand Chebyshev theorem of prime numbers. Because there are infinitely many prime numbers: 3, 5, 7, 11,... We can get infinitely many continuous even numbers: 6,8,10,12,...
Expanding the Use of the Ventrogluteal Region, an Evidence-Based Practice Example, in Senior Nursing Students: A Methadological Study
Authors: Kılıç  , Meteris Çisem , Biçer Büşra Nur Kartal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Intramuscular injections are administered into deep muscle tissue and can threaten human life if it is applied to the wrong area. Therefore, safe areas should be preferred for injection administration. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the training on intramuscular injection to ventrogluteal region given to the senior nursing students on their knowledge, opinions and status of preferring this region . Method: The study is a methodological study with single group and pretest- posttest design. The population of the study was composed of the senior nursing students (N=70) studying in SANKO University. 42 students completed the study. The data were collected with survey method. Results :It was determined that the prejudices of the students about injection to ventrogluteal region changed significantly and positively after the training (90.5%) and their information level increased (p<0.05), but the students had negative thoughts about their self-confidence and about the possible objection of the patients (p>0.05). Students scored the demonstration training as 8 out of 10 (SD=2.03). Conclusion: The study results indicated that the information level of the students about injection into the ventrogluteal region increased and their prejudices changed positively.
Study on the Application of Clustering Method in the Determination of Uncertainty Parameters of SWMM Model
Authors: Liu Chengshuai , Ma Bingyan , Hu Caihong , Wu Qiang , Sun Yue , Li Xiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is one of the most commonly used models in urban flood simulation. However, because the calibration and verification of the model's uncertainty parameters are extremely dependent on the measured flood data, it is difficult to apply the model in areas lacking data. This study proposes a parameter sample clustering method based on peer research results to determine the uncertainty parameters of SWMM, and compares the simulation results with the simulation results of the manual adjustment method based on measured data. The research shows that the Absolute error (AE), Relative error (RE), Nash efficiency coefficient (NSE), and Coefficient of determination (R2) of the water depth simulated by the parameter sample clustering method are 0.040m, 9.08%, 0.949, 0.967 compared with the measured value, respectively. The value of AE, RE, NSE, and R2 of the manual tuning method during the calibration simulation period are 0.066m, 15.95%, 0.881 and 0.924, respectively. Therefore, the parameter sample clustering method has a better simulation effect than manual tuning method, and it can be further promoted in areas without flood data.
Efficiency in Utilization of the Resources Allocated to Lower Level Health Facilities in Uganda: a Case Study of Health Centre IVs
Authors: Ahimbisibwe Expeditus , Rwakinanga Ezrah Trevor , Kirunga Christine Tashobya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Everyone has a right to quality life with good health of the household and, thus, health sector financing should be a top priority because when the population is healthy, it is very productive and wealthy. In Uganda, Health Centre IVs (HCIVs) created under Uganda National Minimum Health Care Package provide curative, prevention and promotion services. The efficiency of these HCIVs is as critical as people’s health and this paper measures efficiency in utilization of resources allocated to them.Methods: The study used Hospital and HCIV Census data for 2014 and health sector data for FY2015/16 reported by MOH in the Annual Health Sector Performance Report. STATA software was used to perform Data Envelopment Analysis for a preferred model was out-put oriented that optimizes variable returns to scale. In this way, efficiency scores for every HCIV were calculated. Also, a Tobit regression model was run to estimate the factors contributing to the adjusted inefficiency scores for HCIVs.Results: Overall, 7 HCIVs (23.3%) were operating under constant returns to scale, implying that they were efficient (both pure technical and scale efficiency) while the 19 (63.3%) were operating under increasing returns to scale, implying that their health service outputs would increase by a greater proportion compared to any proportionate increase in health services if more inputs were added in the facility. Four HCIVs (13.3%) were operating at decreasing returns to scale meaning an additional input to the HCIVs would produce a less proportional change of outputs. The study identified catchment population, average length of stay, bed occupancy rate, and outpatient department visits as a proportion of inpatient days as the main factors of efficiency among HCIVs.Conclusions: This study has shown how Data Envelope Analysis methods can be applied at the HCIV level of the health system to gain an insight into variation in efficiency across health centers using routinely available data. And, with the majority of HCIVs operating at increasing returns to scale, it showed that there is a need to increase inputs like staff, medicines and beds to achieve the desired optimal scale in case of constant returns to scale.
Diversification Declines in Major Dinosaurian Clades are not Because of Edge Effects or Incomplete Fossil Sampling
Authors: Sakamoto Manabu , Benton Michael , Venditti Chris 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Signatures of catastrophic mass extinctions have long been reported to be obscured by the edge effect where taxonomic diversity appears to decline gradually. Similarly, models of diversification based on splitting of branches on a phylogenetic tree might also be affected by undersampling of divergences towards the edge. The implication is that long-term declines in diversification recovered from such models – e.g., in dinosaurs – may be artefacts of unsampled divergences. However, this effect has never been explicitly tested in a phylogenetic model framework – i.e., whether phylogenetic nodes (speciation events) close to the edge are under-sampled and if diversification declines are artefacts of such under-sampling. Here, we test whether dinosaur species in temporal proximity to the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event are associated with fewer nodes than expected, and whether this under-sampling can account for the diversification decline. We find on the contrary that edge taxa have higher numbers of nodes than expected and that accounting for this offset does not affect the diversification decline. We demonstrate that the observed diversification declines in the three major dinosaurian clades in the Late Cretaceous are not artefacts of the edge effect.
Facilitators and Barriers to the Implementation of the Primary Care Asthma Paediatric Pathway: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Sharpe Heather , Potestio Melissa , Cave Andrew , Johnson David , Scott Shannon D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveThe Primary Care Asthma Paediatric Pathway (PCAPP) included an EMR embedded pathway that provided an evidence-based approach to paediatric asthma management. The aim of this qualitative study was to use a theory-based approach to understand the facilitators and barriers that impacted the implementation of the PCAPP in primary care.Methodsa randomized cluster-controlled design was implemented in 22 primary care practices in Alberta, Canada with half receiving the PCAPP intervention and the other half receiving usual care. Following the implementation of the complex intervention, a purposeful sample of intervention sites were selected to participate in qualitative focus groups to assess the barriers and facilitators to the implementation.ResultsOur qualitative findings are organized into three themes using the core constructs of the normalization process theory (NPT): (1) facilitators of implementation, (2) barriers to implementation, and (3) proposed mitigation strategies. Participants were positive about the pathway, and felt it served as a reminder of optimal paediatric guideline-based asthma management, a streamlined pathway multi-faceted approach to suggest evidence-based care, and an EMR-based targeted collection of tools and resources. Barriers included a generally low priority for the primary care teams, and, in accordance, clinicians suggested they had few children with asthma in their practices. The pathway was not integrated into clinic flow and there was not a specific process to ensure the pathway was used. Sites without project champions also struggled more with implementation. Despite these barriers, clinicians identified clear mitigation strategies to improve uptake including developing a reminder system within the EMR and creating a work-flow that incorporated the pathway.ConclusionOur study demonstrated the applicability of the NPT in the implementation of an evidence-based pathway for primary care. This study demonstrated it is important to ensure teams participate in enrolment (establishing buy-in), legitimization (ensuring teams see their role in the pathway) and activation (an ongoing plan for sustainability). Had these components of cognitive participation been addressed more carefully prior to implementation there may have been greater uptake, and ongoing use of the pathway. Trial Registration: This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov on June 25, 2015; the registration number is: NCT02481037, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02481037?term=andrew+cave&cond=Asthma+in+Children&cntry=CA&city=Edmonton&draw=2&rank=1
Feature Extraction of Real-World Traces Using K Means Clustering In OppNet
Authors: Johari Rahul , Gautam Tanvi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Natural calamities leave people helpless by arising several situations such as network breakdown, zero communication, intermittent connectivity, dynamic network topology. In such situation an application of dynamic and intermittent routing scheme is essential to make further communication possible during likewise scenarios. An application of TCP/IP becomes futile in mentioned circumstances as it best works for static nodes and pre-defined network topology wherein source and destination nodes are first establishing the communication link with each other. An alternative measure of such hitches is to encounter an application of DTN protocol which possess all characteristics to withstand in such scenarios such as; dynamic network topology, intermittent connectivity, frequent path breaks, store – carry – forward fashion. In this paper we did thorough investigation of forest fire dataset (Uttarakhand) after exploring its implementation in ONE with Epidemic, Prophet, Spray and Wait, HBPR, GAER respectively. An extensive and thorough investigation for real world traces implementation has been done with OppNet routing protocols against mobility models namely; Shortest path map – based, Random Direction, Random Walk, Random Waypoint, Cluster Movement respectively for network performance metrics namely packet delivery ratio, packet overhead ratio and average latency ratio respectively with the application of K means clustering machine learning algorithm. With the help of this analysis, we explore the real-world traces characteristics and study the areas on which network performance can be improved.
Vertical Nitrate Migration And Denitrification Zones In The Regional Recharge Area (Lwowek Region, Poland)
Authors: Dragon Krzysztof , Gorski Jozef , Burghardt Diana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article presents an examination of the influence of groundwater flow pattern and denitrification on nitrate migration in the regional recharge zone. For the investigation, both multicomponent chemical tracers and isotopic methods were used. The study revealed different denitrification intensities in regions with groundwater extraction and regions with natural gradients manifested by different levels of potable water contamination by nitrate. A contaminant plume was discovered in shallow parts of the aquifer which percolated into deeper parts of the flow system in the regions with a downward gradient induced by groundwater withdrawal, where the influence of denitrification was limited. The local conditions leading to intense of denitrification, i.e., local changes in geological conditions (low-permeability silt inserts), were also documented. The presented research proves that vertical changes in groundwater chemistry should be examined for effective groundwater resource management and protection, as they are extremely important in regional recharge zones with a downward gradient.
Fibronectin Extra Domain A (FN-EDA) Causes Glaucomatous Trabecular Meshwork, Retina, and Optic Nerve Damage in Mice
Authors: Mavlyutov Timur A , Myrah Justin J , Chauhan Anil K , Liu Yang , McDowell Colleen M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for the development and progression of primary open angle glaucoma and is due to trabecular meshwork (TM) damage. Here, we investigate the role of an endogenous Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand, FN-EDA, in the development of glaucoma utilizing a transgenic mouse strain (B6.EDA +/+ ) that constitutively expresses only FN containing the EDA isoform. Methods: Eyes from C57BL6/J (wild-type), B6.EDA +/+ (constitutively active EDA), B6.EDA -/- (EDA null) mice were processed for electron microscopy and consecutive images of the entire length of the TM and Schlemm’s canal (SC) from anterior to posterior were collected and montaged into a single image. ECM accumulation, basement membrane length, and size and number of giant vacuoles were quantified by ImageJ analysis. Tlr4 and Iba1 expression in the TM and ONH cells was conducted using RNAscope in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry protocols. IOP was measured using a rebound tonometer, ON damage assessed by PPD stain, and RGC loss quantified in RBPMS labeled retina flat mounts. Results: Ultrastructure analyses show the TM of B6.EDA +/+ mice have significantly increased accumulation of ECM between TM beams with few empty spaces compared to C57BL/6J mice (P<0.05). SC basement membrane is thicker and more continuous in B6.EDA +/+ mice compared to C57BL/6J. No significant structural differences are detected in the TM of EDA null mice. Tlr4 and Iba1 expression is increased in the TM of B6.EDA +/+ mice compared to C57BL/6J eyes (p<0.05). IOP is significantly higher in B6.EDA +/+ mice compared to C57BL/6J eyes (p<0.001), and significant ON damage (p<0.001) and RGC loss (p<0.05) detected at one year of age. Tlr4 mRNA is expressed in mouse ONH cells, and is present in ganglion cell axons, microglia, and astrocytes. There is a significant increase in the area occupied by Iba-1 positive microglia cells in the ONH of B6.EDA +/+ mice compared to C57BL/6J control eyes (p<0.01). Conclusions: B6.EDA +/+ mice have increased ECM accumulation in the TM, elevated IOP, enhanced proinflammatory changes in the ONH, loss of RGCs, and ONH damage. These data suggest B6.EDA +/+ mice recapitulate many aspects of glaucomatous damage.