bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates of the perceived quality of patient–provider communication among German adults
Authors: Czerwinski Fabian , Link Elena , Rosset Magdalena , Baumann Eva , Suhr Ralf 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Since a higher perceived quality of patient–provider communication is known to be associated with improved health outcomes, it is essential to analyze determinants influencing patients’ perceived quality of patient–provider communication. Due to the limited knowledge about patient-related influencing factors of quality perception available so far, the objective of this study is to explore and assess determinants of the perceived quality of patient–provider communication with regards to sociodemographic, health-related, healthcare-specific and information-related factors.

Methods
Linear regression of cross-sectional data from the first wave of Health Information National Trends Survey Germany (n = 2902) was conducted. Independent variables were sociodemographic, health-, healthcare- and information-related factors; the dependent variable was the perceived quality of patient–provider communication.

Results
Results show that age, migration background, the perceived quality of healthcare, health-related self-efficacy and trust in health information from health professionals are significantly associated with the perceived quality of patient–provider communication.

Conclusions
Sociodemographic, healthcare- and health information-related factors influence the perceived quality of patient–provider communication. In particular, patients having a migration background and patients reporting low self-efficacy showed significant lower levels of their perceived patient–provider communication quality. With the aim to improve quality issues, patients of both target groups should be empowered and supported.
Probiotics-targeting new milestones from gut health to mental health
Authors: Dey Gargi , Mookherjee Sohom 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Conventional probiotic food research was primarily focused on their benefits for gut health. Recently with the confirmation that the gut microbiota has a bidirectional connection with the brain, it is being proposed that modification of the microbiota can possibly extirpate neurological diseases. Development of probiotic foods and formulations for neural health benefits has garnered interest, with a renewed focus. In this context, this review discusses the evidences collected on the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of probiotics, especially during the time span of 2015-till now. Although, more clinical trials are necessary to elucidate the exact mechanism of probiotic mode of action but several of the established probiotic strains have been investigated and it appears that few of them have demonstrated their potential as ‘psychobiotics’. The formulation of new psychobiotic-based therapeutics is in the spotlight. It is expected that in near future, biological effect of probiotics on neurological conditions will open up an entirely new avenue for personalized medication and healthcare in mental health, and they can be tailored according to the gut-microbiota of specific individuals.
Quantum dot biosensor combined with antibody and aptamer for tracing food-borne pathogens
Authors: Sun Feifei , Zhang Jing , Yang Qingli , Wu Wei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Due to the increasing number of food-borne diseases, more attention is being paid to food safety. Food-borne pathogens are the main cause of food-borne diseases, which seriously endanger human health, so it is necessary to detect and control them. Traditional detection methods cannot meet the requirements of rapid detection of food due to many shortcomings, such as being time-consuming, laborious or requiring expensive instrumentation. Quantum dots have become a promising nanotechnology in pathogens tracking and detection because of their excellent optical properties. New biosensor detection methods based on quantum dots are have been gradually developed due to their high sensitivity and high specificity. In this review, we summarize the different characteristics of quantum dots synthesized by carbon, heavy metals and composite materials firstly. Then, attention is paid to the principles, advantages and limitations of the quantum dots biosensor with antibodies and aptamers as recognition elements for recognition and capture of food-borne pathogens. Finally, the great potential of quantum dots in pathogen detection is summarized.
When I’m 64: Age-Related Variability in Over 40,000 Online Cognitive Test Takers
Authors: LaPlume Annalise A , Anderson Nicole D , McKetton Larissa , Levine Brian , Troyer Angela K 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Age-related differences in cognition are typically assessed by comparing groups of older to younger participants, but little is known about the continuous trajectory of cognitive changes across age, or when a shift to older adulthood occurs. We examined the pattern of mean age differences and variability on episodic memory and executive function measures over the adult life span, in a more fine-grained way than past group or life-span comparisons.

Method
We used a sample of over 40,000 people aged 18–90 who completed psychometrically validated online tests measuring episodic memory and executive functions (the Cogniciti Brain Health Assessment).

Results
Cognitive performance declined gradually over adulthood, and rapidly later in life on spatial working memory, processing speed, facilitation (but not interference), associative recognition, and set shifting. Both polynomial and segmented regression fit the data well, indicating a nonlinear pattern. Segmented regression revealed a shift from gradual to rapid decline that occurred in the early 60s. Variability between people (interindividual variability or diversity) and variability within a person across tasks (intraindividual variability or dispersion) also increased gradually until the 60s, and rapidly after. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a single general factor (of variance shared between tasks) offered a good fit for performance across tasks.

Discussion
Life-span cognitive performance shows a nonlinear pattern, with gradual decline over early and mid-adulthood, followed by a transition in the 60s to notably accelerated, but more variable, decline. Some people show less decline than others, and some cognitive abilities show less within-person decline than others.
Bayesian seismic tomography using normalizing flows
Authors: Zhao Xuebin , Curtis Andrew , Zhang Xin 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYWe test a fully non-linear method to solve Bayesian seismic tomographic problems using data consisting of observed traveltimes of first-arriving waves. Rather than using Monte Carlo methods to sample the posterior probability distribution that embodies the solution of the tomographic inverse problem, we use variational inference. Variational methods solve the Bayesian inference problem under an optimization framework by seeking the best approximation to the posterior distribution from a family of distributions, while still providing fully probabilistic results. We introduce a new variational method for geophysics—normalizing flows. The method models the posterior distribution by using a series of invertible and differentiable transforms—the flows. By optimizing the parameters of these transforms the flows are designed to convert a simple and analytically known probability distribution into a good approximation of the posterior distribution. Numerical examples show that normalizing flows can provide an accurate tomographic result including full uncertainty information while significantly decreasing the computational cost compared to Monte Carlo and other variational methods. In addition, this method provides analytic solutions for the posterior distribution rather than an ensemble of posterior samples. This opens the possibility that subsequent calculations that use the posterior distribution might be performed analytically.
Leveraging built environment interventions to equitably promote health during and after COVID-19 in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Hassen Nadha 
Published: July 2021

Summary
A key public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic is the mandate to stay home and practice physical distancing. In Canada, with essential activities such as grocery shopping, outdoor exercise and transportation, people need to be able to safely navigate dense, urban spaces while staying at least two metres or six feet apart. This pandemic has exacerbated the health inequities across neighbourhoods in cities like Toronto, Canada which are often segregated along racial and income lines. These inequities impact who has access to urban infrastructure that promotes health and quality of life. Safety in a time of COVID-19 goes beyond just exposure to the virus, it is complicated by notions of who belongs where, and who has access to what resources. The built environment has a role in maintaining and promoting physical and mental health during this pandemic and beyond it. This paper puts forwards three considerations for built environment interventions to promote health equitably: (i) addressing structural determinants of health and embedding anti-racist intersectional principles, (ii) revisiting tactical urbanism as a health promotion tool and (iii) rethinking community engagement processes through equity-based placemaking. This paper outlines four built environment interventions in Toronto, Canada that seek to address the challenges in navigating urban space safely in the short term, including street design that prioritizes pedestrians, protected cycling infrastructure, access to inclusive green space and safe, affordable housing. Longer-term strategies to create health-promoting urban environments that are equitable are discussed and may be valuable to other cities with similar urban equity concerns.
New Therapeutic Approach for Intestinal Fibrosis Through Inhibition of pH-Sensing Receptor GPR4
Authors: Weder Bruce , Schefer Fabian , van Haaften Wouter Tobias , Patsenker Eleonora , Stickel Felix , Mueller Sebastian , Hutter Senta , Schuler Cordelia , Baebler Katharina , Wang Yu , Mamie Céline , Dijkstra Gerard , de Vallière Cheryl , Imenez Silva Pedro H , Wagner Carsten A , Frey-Wagner Isabelle , Ruiz Pedro A , Seuwen Klaus , Rogler Gerhard , Hausmann Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) express increased mucosal levels of pH-sensing receptors compared with non-IBD controls. Acidification leads to angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling. We aimed to determine the expression of pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) in fibrotic lesions in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. We further evaluated the effect of deficiency in Gpr4 or its pharmacologic inhibition.MethodsPaired samples from fibrotic and nonfibrotic terminal ileum were obtained from CD patients undergoing ileocaecal resection. The effects of Gpr4 deficiency were assessed in the spontaneous Il-10-/- and the chronic dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) murine colitis model. The effects of Gpr4 deficiency and a GPR4 antagonist (39c) were assessed in the heterotopic intestinal transplantation model.ResultsIn human terminal ileum, increased expression of fibrosis markers was accompanied by an increase in GPR4 expression. A positive correlation between the expression of procollagens and GPR4 was observed. In murine disease models, Gpr4 deficiency was associated with a decrease in angiogenesis and fibrogenesis evidenced by decreased vessel length and expression of Edn, Vegfα, and procollagens. The heterotopic animal model for intestinal fibrosis, transplanted with terminal ileum from Gpr4-/- mice, revealed a decrease in mRNA expression of fibrosis markers and a decrease in collagen content and layer thickness compared with grafts from wild type mice. The GPR4 antagonist decreased collagen deposition. The GPR4 expression was also observed in human and murine intestinal fibroblasts. The GPR4 inhibition reduced markers of fibroblast activation stimulated by low pH, notably Acta2 and cTgf.ConclusionsExpression of GPR4 positively correlates with the expression of profibrotic genes and collagen. Deficiency of Gpr4 is associated with a decrease in angiogenesis and fibrogenesis. The GPR4 antagonist decreases collagen deposition. Targeting GPR4 with specific inhibitors may constitute a new treatment option for IBD-associated fibrosis.
Association of Host Factors With Antibody Response to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients
Authors: Linnik Janina , Syedbasha Mohammedyaseen , Kaltenbach Hans-Michael , Vogt Dominik , Hollenstein Yvonne , Kaufmann Lukas , Cantoni Nathan , Ruosch-Girsberger Sabine , Müller Antonia M S , Schanz Urs , Pabst Thomas , Stüssi Georg , Weisser Maja , Halter Jörg , Stelling Jörg , Egli Adrian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Influenza vaccination efficacy is reduced after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and patient factors determining vaccination outcomes are still poorly understood.

Methods
We investigated the antibody response to seasonal influenza vaccination in 135 HSCT patients and 69 healthy volunteers (HVs) in a prospective observational multicenter cohort study. We identified patient factors associated with hemagglutination inhibition titers against A/California/2009/H1N1, A/Texas/2012/H3N2, and B/Massachusetts/2012 by multivariable regression on the observed titer levels and on seroconversion/seroprotection categories for comparison.

Results
Both regression approaches yielded consistent results but regression on titers estimated associations with higher precision. HSCT patients required 2 vaccine doses to achieve average responses comparable to a single dose in HVs. Prevaccination titers were positively associated with time after transplantation, confirming that HSCT patients can elicit potent antibody responses. However, an unrelated donor, absolute lymphocyte counts below the normal range, and treatment with calcineurin inhibitors lowered the odds of responding.

Conclusions
HSCT patients show a highly heterogeneous vaccine response but, overall, patients benefited from the booster shot and can acquire seroprotective antibodies over the years after transplantation. Several common patient factors lower the odds of responding, urging identification of additional preventive strategies in the poorly responding groups.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03467074.
Imaging of bone and jointsin vivo: pathological osteoclastogenesis in arthritis
Authors: Hasegawa Tetsuo , Kikuta Junichi , Ishii Masaru 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOsteoimmunology highlights the reciprocal interactions between the skeletal and immune systems. Over the past two decades, many molecules that link the two have been identified, including cytokines, receptors and transcription factors, leading to successful translation of research into therapeutic approaches to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The development of an intravital imaging system using two-photon microscopy, combined with a variety of fluorescent probes and reporter mouse strains, has provided valuable insights into the real-time dynamics of osteoclasts and immune cells in the bone marrow. This technique is now applied to the synovial tissue of arthritic mice to investigate the pathogenesis of osteoimmune diseases and enables direct observation of complex biological phenomena in vivo. In addition, rapid progress in the next-generation sequencing technologies has provided important insights into the field of osteoimmunology through characterizing individual cells in the synovial microenvironment. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dissects cellular heterogeneity within a biological system and enables the identification of specific cells differentiating into mature osteoclasts within the previously defined ‘osteoclast precursor-containing population’. In this review, we will explain the cellular interactions and cytokine milieu involved in inflammatory bone destruction and update how the novel technologies, such as scRNA-seq and intravital imaging, have contributed to better understand the pathogenesis of bone destruction in arthritis.
Modified methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus detected in neonatal intensive care patients
Authors: Gitman Melissa R , Alburquerque Bremy , Chung Marilyn , van de Guchte Adriana , Sullivan Mitchell J , Obla Ajay , Polanco Jose , Oussenko Irina , Smith Melissa L , Samaroo Flora , Barackman Debbie , Altman Deena R , Sordillo Emilia Mia , van Bakel Harm 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
As part of an active MRSA surveillance programme in our neonatal ICU, we identified nares surveillance cultures from two infants that displayed heterogeneity in methicillin resistance between isolated subclones that lacked mecA and mecC.

Methods
The underlying mechanism for the modified Staphylococcus aureus (MODSA) methicillin-resistance phenotype was investigated by WGS.

Results
Comparison of finished-quality genomes of four MODSA and four MSSA subclones demonstrated that the resistance changes were associated with unique truncating mutations in the gene encoding the cyclic diadenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase enzyme GdpP or a non-synonymous substitution in the gene encoding PBP2.

Conclusions
These two cases highlight the difficulty in identifying non-mecA, non-mecC-mediated MRSA isolates in the clinical microbiology laboratory, which leads to difficulties in implementing appropriate therapy and infection control measures.
A robust method for dynamic image stitching on a fully mechanized mining face
Authors: Li Ben , Mao Shanjun , Li Mei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Video surveillance systems can be applied in coal mines for remote monitoring and for production control. Stitching video images into a panorama enhances the usability of video systems, since a panorama offers a wider view than single images do. But there are big challenges when conventional image stitching methods are applied to the domain of coal mine, especially in the mining faces. These challenges consist of non-uniform illumination, missed scenes and oblique panoramas. In this paper, a robust method was proposed to solve these three problems: (i) to overcome the non-uniform illumination on a mining face, the wide dynamic range technology and the histogram matching algorithm were used to enhance single images and reduce differences among images, respectively; (ii) to eliminate the missed scenes, overlapped images were quickly taken, then the feature matching method and template recognition method were adaptively used to achieve robust stitching and (iii) to mitigate the obliqueness of panoramas, vertical correction technology was used, which exploited the posture information of the camera. Next, the adjacent panoramas were concatenated and experiments were conducted on a fully mechanized mining face. The results show that the proposed method solves these three problems well and a dynamic panorama of the partial long-wall mining face is outputted. The research provides a new approach for displaying extended scenes of stope faces in intelligent collieries.
Cumulative Social Risk and Child Screen Use: The Role of Child Temperament
Authors: McArthur Brae Anne , Hentges Rochelle , Christakis Dimitri A , McDonald Sheila , Tough Suzanne , Madigan Sheri 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
It is critical to understand what children, and in which context, are at risk for high levels of screen use. This study examines whether child temperament interacts with cumulative social risk to predict young children’s screen use and if the results are consistent with differential susceptibility or diathesis-stress models.

Methods
Data from 1,992 families in Calgary, Alberta (81% White; 47% female; 94% &gt;$40,000 income) from the All Our Families cohort were included. Mothers reported on cumulative social risk (e.g., low income and education, maternal depression) at &lt;25 weeks of gestation, child’s temperament at 36 months of age (surgency/extraversion, negative affectivity, effortful control), and child’s screen use (hours/day) at 60 months of age. Along with socio-demographic factors, baseline levels of screen use were included as covariates.

Results
Children high in surgency (i.e., high-intensity pleasure, impulsivity) had greater screen use than children low in surgency as social risk exposure increased. In line with differential susceptibility, children high in surgency also had less screen use than children low in surgency in contexts of low social risk. Children with heightened negative affectivity (i.e., frequent expressions of fear/frustration) had greater screen use as social risk increased, supporting a diathesis-stress model.

Conclusions
Young children predisposed to high-intensity pleasure seeking and negative affectivity in environments characterized as high in social risk may be prone to greater durations of screen use. Findings suggest that an understanding of social risks and individual characteristics of the child should be considered when promoting healthy digital health habits.
Superresolving Herschel imaging: a proof of concept using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Lauritsen Lynge , Dickinson Hugh , Bromley Jane , Serjeant Stephen , Lim Chen-Fatt , Gao Zhen-Kai , Wang Wei-Hao 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Wide-field submillimetre surveys have driven many major advances in galaxy evolution in the past decade, but without extensive follow-up observations the coarse angular resolution of these surveys limits the science exploitation. This has driven the development of various analytical deconvolution methods. In the last half a decade Generative Adversarial Networks have been used to attempt deconvolutions on optical data. Here, we present an auto-encoder with a novel loss function to overcome this problem in the submillimeter wavelength range. This approach is successfully demonstrated on Herschel SPIRE 500 $\mu\mathrm{m}$ COSMOS data, with the superresolving target being the JCMT SCUBA-2 450 $\mu\mathrm{m}$ observations of the same field. We reproduce the JCMT SCUBA-2 images with high fidelity using this auto-encoder. This is quantified through the point source fluxes and positions, the completeness, and the purity.
Ribosome-binding and anti-microbial studies of the mycinamicins, 16-membered macrolide antibiotics from Micromonospora griseorubida
Authors: Breiner-Goldstein Elinor , Eyal Zohar , Matzov Donna , Halfon Yehuda , Cimicata Giuseppe , Baum Moti , Rokney Assaf , Ezernitchi Analia V , Lowell Andrew N , Schmidt Jennifer J , Rozenberg Haim , Zimmerman Ella , Bashan Anat , Valinsky Lea , Anzai Yojiro , Sherman David H , Yonath Ada 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Macrolides have been effective clinical antibiotics for over 70 years. They inhibit protein biosynthesis in bacterial pathogens by narrowing the nascent protein exit tunnel in the ribosome. The macrolide class of natural products consist of a macrolactone ring linked to one or more sugar molecules. Most of the macrolides used currently are semi-synthetic erythromycin derivatives, composed of a 14- or 15-membered macrolactone ring. Rapidly emerging resistance in bacterial pathogens is among the most urgent global health challenges, which render many antibiotics ineffective, including next-generation macrolides. To address this threat and advance a longer-term plan for developing new antibiotics, we demonstrate how 16-membered macrolides overcome erythromycin resistance in clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains. By determining the structures of complexes of the large ribosomal subunit of Deinococcus radiodurans (D50S) with these 16-membered selected macrolides, and performing anti-microbial studies, we identified resistance mechanisms they may overcome. This new information provides important insights toward the rational design of therapeutics that are effective against drug resistant human pathogens.