bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Persistent Dizziness and Markers of Alzheimer's disease – Mayo Clinic Study of Aging
Authors: FAKIR RAZAN AL 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Persistent dizziness or lightheadedness ranks among the most frequent complaints in primary care. Persistent dizziness is frequently described as a consequence or side effect of defined entities such as cardiovascular, infectious, neurological, and otological disease. Persistent dizziness is potentially disabling and has a distinct impact on participation, psychosocial interaction, and quality of life. We examined the relationship between persistent dizziness or lightheadedness and Alzheimer's disease (AD) markers among 924 individuals aged ≥50 years (52.3% male, mean age 74 years) selected from 5707 individuals who participated in the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Neuropsychiatric symptoms (depression and anxiety), cognitive evaluation (overall and across multiple domains), magnetic resonance imaging for AD-signature "regional thickness," and 11Carbon-Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography (11C-PiB PET) for Amyloid deposition are all investigated. Significant contributing factors to persistent dizziness in older adults were found and include [age, sex (male), lower education, high comorbidity index, high-density lipoprotein, balance problems, neuropsychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairments, and AD-signature” regional thickness]. After adjusting for age, sex, education, medical comorbidities, and other variables, a statistically significant association between persistent dizziness/lightheadedness and neuropsychiatric symptoms, and Amyloid-β deposition. This finding implies that the underlying AD biology may drive both the neuropsychiatric symptoms and persistent dizziness or lightheadedness, even before the onset of cognitive impairments and dementia. Further studies are needed to support the findings.
Break the template boundary: Test of different protein scaffolds by genetic code expansion resulted in NADPH-dependent secondary amine catalysis
Authors: Williams Thomas , Tsai Yu-Hsuan , Luk Louis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Here, incorporation of secondary amine by genetic code expansion was used to expand the potential protein templates for artificial enzyme design. Pyrrolysine analogue containing a D-proline could be stably incorporated into proteins, including the multidrug-binding LmrR and nucleotide-binding dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Both modified scaffolds were catalytically active, mediating transfer hydrogenation with a relaxed substrate scope. The protein templates played a distinctive role in that, while the LmrR variants were confined to the biomimetic BNAH as the hydride source, the optimal DHFR variant favorably used the pro-R hydride from NADPH for reactions. Due to the cofactor compatibility, the DHFR secondary amine catalysis could also be coupled to an enzymatic recycling scheme. This work has illustrated the unique advantages of using proteins as hosts, and thus the presented concept is expected to find uses in enabling tailored secondary amine catalysis.
Long Non-coding RNA PANDAR Promotes Radioresistance in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma via SIRT1/Ku70/PI3K/Akt Pathway
Authors: Li Si-wei , Pi Guo-liang , Zeng Yong , Ruan Chang-li , He Xiao-song , Xiong Xiao-xia , Zhang Man , Han Guang , Liang xinjun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: Radioresistance may result in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) radiation failure. To comprehend the concrete mechanism in NPC radioresistance, this work was initiated from long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) promoter of CDKN1A antisense DNA damage activated RNA (PANDAR), accompanied by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), Ku70, and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway.Methods: NPC cancer tissues and normal tissues were harvested and NPC cancer tissues were specified into radioresistant and radiosensitive types. The connection between PANDA expression with NPC radioresistance, clinicopathological traits and prognosis was tested. Radioresistant CNE2-IR and 5-8F-IR cells were induced and transfected with depleted PANDAR or SIRT1 to identify their roles in cell proliferation, cycle distribution, apoptosis, SIRT1, Ku70 and PI3K/Akt pathway. PANDA and SIRT1 expression in CNE2-IR and 5-8F-IR cells were tested.Results: PANDA was elevated in NPC tissues and radioresistant tissues relative to normal tissues and radiosensitive tissues. Raised PANDA was connected with NPC radioresistance and unsatisfactory prognosis. CNE2-IR and 5-8F-IR cells expressed up-regulated PANDA and SIRT1. Down-regulating PANDA or SIRT1 inhibited radioresistant NPC cell proliferation, decreased SIRT1 and Ku70, and inactivated PI3K/Akt pathway.Conclusion: This work has clued that depleting PANDA decreases SIRT1 recruitment to inactivate Ku70 deacetylation-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway, thereby promoting NPC radiosensitivity.
An Assessment of the Psychosocial Evaluation for Early Liver Transplantation in Patients with Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis in the context of Alcohol Use Disorder, A Case Control Study
Authors: Dienstag Aryeh , Dienstag Penina , Mohan Kanwal , Mirza Omar , Schubert Elizabeth , Ford Laura , Edelman Margot , Im Gene , Shenoy Akhil 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Severe acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH) has an excessive mortality rate. As a result, many centers, including our own, have allowed transplant listing patients for transplantation prior to achievement of 6-months sobriety. Concurrently, scoring systems have been proposed to identify patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) predisposed to relapse after liver transplantation. These scoring systems target patients with a minimal period of sobriety.
Methods

We conducted a retrospective case control study of 11 patients who underwent early liver transplantation for AAH matched with 11 controls who were declined secondary to low insight into AUD. Blinded raters confirmed the severity of the DSM-5 diagnosis and scored the patients on a variety of structured psychometric scales used to predict alcohol relapse. These included the High Risk for Alcohol Relapse scale (HRAR), Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment Tool (SIPAT), Alcohol Relapse Risk Assessment (ARRA), Hopkins Psychosocial Scale (HPSS), Michigan Alcoholism Prognosis Score (MAPS), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test -Consumption (AUDIT-C) and Sustained Alcohol Use Post-Liver Transplant (SALT) scales. All patients who underwent transplantation were followed for harmful and non-harmful drinking until the end of the study period.
Results

Mean psychometric scores of the transplanted cases were significantly different than the controls. Cases chosen for transplant had significantly favorable MAPS, HRAR, SIPAT, ARRA, and HPSS scores with cut-offs matching their prior research. The SALT and AUDIT-C scores were not predictive of our selection of patients for transplant. Despite expedited assessment and no significant period of sobriety, our case cohort had a 30% relapse to harmful drinking after an average of 6.6 years (5 to 8.5 years) of follow-up.
Discussion

Despite the expedited assessment and short to no period of sobriety, the patient cohort demonstrated a 30% relapse to harmful drinking, consistent with the reported 20-30% after liver transplantation for all forms of alcoholic liver disease. The average MAPS, HRAR, SIPAT, ARRA, and HPSS scores all corroborated our current stratification procedures, with lower risk mean scores found in the transplanted group.
Conclusion

The traditional psychosocial selection criteria for patients with alcoholic hepatitis at our institution is consistent with four of the five investigated scoring systems.
Posture-based Morphological Deformation of the Parotid Gland and its Clinical Implications for Minimally Invasive Procedures
Authors: Park Hyun Jin , Hong Sung Ok , Kim Hyung-Moon , Oh Wook , Kim Hee-Jin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Anatomical studies of the parotid gland are important for mid- and lower face filler, botulinum toxin, and thread lifting procedures. The purpose of this study was to observe the topographic anatomy of the parotid gland using cadaveric dissections. The superficial lobe of the parotid gland was studied in 30 hemisected heads. Reference lines were made on the lateral aspect of the face. A reference line (the line connecting the mandibular angle to the upper margin of the zygomatic arch, along the posterior margin of the ramus) was divided into four sections (P1, P2, P3, and P4). The superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior borders of the parotid gland were measured using the reference lines and sections. Using these measurements, we categorized the superficial lobe of the parotid gland into two types: type Ia, pistol-shaped; Ib, pistol-shaped with an accessory lobe; and type II, oval-shaped. The superior border of the parotid gland started just below the inferior margin of the zygomatic arch. The parotid gland covered the posterior part of the masseter muscle near P1 and P2, but at P3 and below P3, the tail of the parotid gland was located posterior to the ramus and covered the anterior part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The topographic anatomy of the parotid gland serves as a reliable reference for esthetic procedures in the lower face and neck region.
Upregulated SPOCK2 Predicts a Worse Overall Survival and Correlates with Abundance of Tumor Infiltrating Immune Cells for High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Hao Jiatao , Cao Yumeng , Gu Xiaoya , Ma Minghai , Wang Weihong , Xue Yan , An Ruifang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

SPOCK2 is a member of the SPOCK family, a 424-amino acid protein that binds to glycosaminoglycans to form proteoglycans. The purpose of this study was to explore expression profile of SPOCK2, and evaluate prognostic potential and its correlation with immune infiltration in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).
Methods

Expression of SPOCK2 mRNA and protein between normal and tumor tissues were analyzed using the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate diagnostic performance of SPOCK2. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were conducted to assess the effect of SPOCK2 on survival. Nomogram was used to predict the impact of SPOCK2 on prognosis. LinkedOmics were used to find correlated genes and perform functional enrichment analyses. The relationships between SPOCK2 and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were determined by tumor-immune system interaction database (TISIDB) and GSVA package (V1.34.0).
Results

SPOCK2 was highly expressed in HGSOC tissue compared to normal tissue at both mRNA (P < 0.001) and protein (P = 0.03) levels. The area under the curve (AUC) is 0.894 (CI: 0.865–0.923). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that HGSOC patients with high-level SPOCK2 mRNA expression had a worse overall survival (OS) than those with a low expression (HR = 1.45, P = 0.005). Univariate logistic regression analysis found that age, primary therapy outcome, tumor status, tumor residual, and SPOCK2 expression level were significantly associated with OS (P < 0.05). The nomogram model indicated an effective predictive performance of SPOCK2. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) term analyses showed that SPOCK2 were mainly involved in regulating extracellular matrix. Immune infiltration analysis showed that SPOCK2 may correlate with abundance of TILs.
Conclusion

SPOCK2 has potentials to estimate diagnosis and prognosis for HGSOC and is involved in regulating extracellular matrix and immune cell infiltration.
Acute cardiac events following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 corona virus vaccine: report of three cases
Authors: Singh Rohit , Chakrabarti Sankha Shubhra , Gambhir Indrajeet Singh , Verma Ashish , Kumar Ishan , Ghosh Soumik , Tiwari Ashutosh , Chandan Gourav , Chakrabarti Sasanka , Kaur Upinder 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Acute myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination has been observed majorly following mRNA vaccines. Recently a single case of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination induced myocarditis with an ischemic presentation has been reported. Here we report three cases of acute cardiac events following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination, in an elderly female, a middle-aged male and a middle-aged female. The first case presented with an ischemic phenotype, the second with acute heart failure, and the third with cardiac symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging evidence of myocardial inflammation. The patients were all managed successfully with conservative treatment and showed symptomatic improvement within few weeks which was further corroborated by improved electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings in the first two patients. The possibilities of molecular mimicry, autoimmunity and direct S-protein induced toxicity to the heart may need to be evaluated in the future to explain cardiac adverse events of COVID-19 vaccines.
Evaluating Elimination Thresholds and Stopping Criteria for Interventions Against the Vector-borne Macroparasitic Disease, Lymphatic Filariasis, Using Mathematical Modelling
Authors: Sharma Swarnali , Smith Morgan , Michael Edwin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We leverage the ability of the EPIFIL transmission model fit to field data for allowing calculations of the probabilities of transmission elimination and recrudescence once infection levels are predicted to fall below the threshold used in the WHO Transmission Assessment Surveys (TAS) versus site-specific model-estimated thresholds to evaluate the implications of using these thresholds for making Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) intervention stopping decisions. Our results, overall, indicate that understanding the underlying parasite transmission and extinction dynamics will be crucial for choosing the right intervention stopping thresholds, and indeed the right interventions connected with these thresholds, if we are to bring about the sustainable elimination of LF. They also warn that applying stopping criteria set for operational purposes without a full consideration of population dynamics, as employed in the current TAS strategy, could, by risking infection recrudescence especially over the long-term, seriously undermine the goal of achieving global LF elimination.
Current Account Determinants in Jordan: An ARDL Approach
Authors: Abu-Murad Malak Samih 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
As one of the major indicators of assessing the external sector performance of any country, this paper empirically investigates the determinants of current account for Jordan. To this end, I rely on the estimation of a time series Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model over the period 1994-2020. Consistent with the literature, I show that the fiscal deficit, trade openness, oil prices and the reserve changes are key determinants of the current account of Jordan. The relationships exposed in this paper complement the empirical literature by providing new evidence from a developing country like Jordan.
Adsorbed Cobalt Porphyrins Act like Metal Surfaces in Electrocatalysis
Authors: Kaminsky Corey , Weng Sophia , Wright Joshua , Surendranath Yogesh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Carbon electrodes chemically modified with molecular active sites are potent catalysts for key energy conversion reactions. Generally, it is assumed that these molecularly modified electrodes operate by the same redox mediation mechanisms observed for soluble molecules, in which electron transfer and substrate activation occur in separate elementary steps. Here, we uncover that, depending on the solvent, carbon-bound cobalt porphyrin can carry out electrolysis by the non-mediated mechanisms of metal surfaces in which electron transfer and substrate activation are concerted. We chemically modify glassy carbon electrodes with cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin units that are anchored by flexible aliphatic linkages to form CH-CoTPP. In acetonitrile, CH-CoTPP displays a clear outer-sphere Co(II/I) process which catalyzes the H2 evolution reaction by a step-wise, redox-mediated reaction sequence. In contrast, clear surface redox waves are not observed for CH-CoTPP in aqueous media and H2 evolution proceeds via a non-mediated, concerted proton-electron transfer reaction sequence over a wide pH range. The data suggest that, in aqueous electrolyte, the CoTPP fragments reside inside the electrochemical double layer and are electrostatically coupled to the surface. This coupling allows CH-CoTPP to carry out catalysis without being pinned to the redox potential of the molecular fragment. These studies highlight that the simple adsorption of molecules can lead to reaction mechanisms typically reserved for metal surfaces, ex-posing new principles for the design of molecularly-modified electrodes.
Comparison Benefit between Hydrogen Peroxide and Adrenaline in Tonsillectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: HSIEH CHENG-YU , Hsu Chuan-Jen , Wu Hung-Pin , Sun Chuan-Hung 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

This study aimed to further evaluate the benefit of topical hemostasis agents in tonsillectomy. Towards this goal, we compared the clinical effects of topical application between hydrogen peroxide and adrenaline in tonsillectomy. Overall, 60 patients (120 tonsils) were prospectively enrolled for tonsillectomy between February 2018 and December 2020. The patients were randomly assigned to either the hydrogen peroxide or adrenaline group. Then, tonsillectomy was performed using hydrogen peroxide as a hemostatic agent on the assigned side, while adrenaline was applied to the other side. All procedures were performed by a surgeon blinded to the randomization. Outcome measurements of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain, and hemorrhage events were analyzed.The intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the hydrogen peroxide group than in the adrenaline group (9.99 ± 4.51 ml vs 13.87 ± 6.32 ml, p = 0.0). The median operation time was also significantly lower in the hydrogen peroxide group (8.02 ± 3.59 min vs 9.22 ± 3.88 min, p = 0.019). Meanwhile, the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were significantly higher in the hydrogen peroxide group (4.98 ± 1.94 vs 4.27 ± 1.97, p = 0.001). The topical application of hydrogen peroxide as a hemostatic agent effectively decreases the operation time and intraoperative blood loss. Thus, hydrogen peroxide can be used as a routine hemostatic agent for bleeding control in tonsillectomy.
Asteroids are young: global-scale reshaping and resurfacing by small-scale impacts
Authors: Raducan Sabina , Jutzi Martin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The fraction of the asteroid population that survived since the Solar System formation has experienced numerous collisional, dynamical and thermal events, which have shaped their structures and orbital properties. Small asteroids are often considered to be rubble-pile objects, aggregates held together only by self-gravity or small cohesive forces (1; 2). The artificial impact experiment of JAXA’s Hayabusa2 mission on the surface of asteroid Ryugu (3) created a surprisingly large crater (≈14 m). This unexpected result suggests that at least the near-surface of the asteroid is controlled to a large extent by its rather weak gravity rather than strength. Due to the inability to re-create these impact conditions in laboratory experiments, this observed regime of low-gravity, low-strength cratering remained largely unexplored so far. In addition, the very large times scales involved in the crater growth made it impossible to numerically simulate these impact processes up to now.
Here we use a novel approach to model the entire cratering process resulting from impacts on small, weak asteroids, which uses shock physics code calculations directly. We found that small impacts can significantly deform weak asteroids, causing global resurfacing at the same time. We also show that even very low asteroid cohesions can drastically influence the outcome of an impact and that the collisional life-time of the overall asteroid shapes is significantly lower than the traditionally used life-time based on catastrophic disruption events. Consequently, we predict that NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) impact on Dimorhpos (4; 5) will not lead to a cratering event, as originally anticipated (i.e., 6; 7). Rather, the impact is going to change the global morphology of the asteroid, if the surface cohesion is less than ≈ 10 Pa. Our results, together with the future observations by the ESA’s Hera mission (8) will provide constraints regarding the evolution of the shapes and structures of small asteroids by sub-catastrophic impacts.
Reduce the Degradation of Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Feeding in the Oxygen-limiting Section Increases the Accumulation of PHAs
Authors: Xiao Yanyu , Fang Qian , Xie Yihan , Zhang Kequan , Ping Qiqi , Wang Zhihui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To solve the problem that the content of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) in the aerobic section of the traditional anaerobic-aerobic process continues to decrease, two different feeding modes in the oxygen-limiting section were explored under the anaerobic-oxygen limiting process(for reducing the energy consumption of aeration). Based on 16SrRNA sequence analyses, the results show that the abundance of Hydrogenovora(9.57%), Zoogloea(6.73%), Thaurea(1.49%) and other bacterial genera in the microbial community had increased after enrichment. PHAs were synthesized in the oxygen-limiting stage of both one-time feeding and batch feeding mode. The maximum content of PHA reached 52.17% when C/N increased to 150 in the one-time feeding mode, and that reached 42.04% in batch feeding mode when C/N was 100. The one-time feeding mode shows a more significant accumulation potential of PHAs than the batch feeding mode. The content of PHAs shows an increasing trend with the increase of C/N ratio, and a high C/N ratio may lead to sludge bulking and other problems, making the sludge system unsteady.
CDC20 is a Potential Prognostic and Immunological Biomarker in Pan-Cancer
Authors: Tao Chen , Bing Hu , Xiangpeng Zhan , Xiaoqiang Liu , Wen Deng , Jiahui Long , Ming Jiang , Yunqiang Xiong , Luyao Chen , Fu Bin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCDC20(cell division cycle 20 homologue) plays a vital role in the cell cycle progression through targeting key substrates for destruction. Current studies have shown that CDC20 functions as an oncogene in various cancers. However, the potential correlations of CDC20 with prognosis and immune infiltrates in different cancers remain unclear.ResultCDC20 expression was higher in most cancers, compared with normal tissues, and the high expression of CDC20 was correlated with poor prognosis and a higher pathological stage. Furthermore, there were significant correlations between CDC20 dysregulation with tumor mutation burden(TMB), microsatellite instability(MSI), tumor microenvironment and tumor- and immune-related genes.ConclusionCDC20 may be used as a potential prognostic and immunotherapeuticbiomarker which affects tumor progression.