bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solving the unit commitment problem in large systems using hybrid PSO algorithms
Authors: Ismail Ali Abduladheem , Hussain Ali Nasser 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Unit Commitment (UC) is a nonlinear mixed integer-programming problem. UC is used to minimize the operational cost of the generation units in a power system by scheduling some of generators in ON state and the other generators in OFF state according to the total power outputs of generation units, load demand and the constraints of power system to increase the saving in the power system by applying the Unit Commitment (UC) to the power system. This work proposes Local Attracting Quantum Particle Swarm Algorithm (LAQPSO) to solve the unit commitment problem in power systems. The local attractor in the LAQPSO algorithm is used to obtain the rotation angle direction and magnitude for updating the quantum angle using the quantum rotation gate. The proposed algorithm is applied to solve the UC problem for a 26 units power system. A comparison with the Binary PSO (BPSO), Improved Quantum BPSO (IQBPSO) and other techniques in the literature was implemented to show the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The results show the superior performance of the proposed LAQPSO algorithm to minimize the total cost when compared with BPSO, IQBPSO and the literature works.
Prediction of PV Solar Panel Output Characteristics Using a Multilayer Artificial Neural Network (MLANN)
Authors: Mohammad Abdulrahman Th. , Al-Sagar Zuhair S. , Hussain Ali Nasser , Al-Tamimi Majid Khudair Abbas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, PV solar collector was tested experimentally from 1st July to 31th August 2018 between 7:00 am and 6:00 pm under the weather conditions of Iraq. The PV output power was calculated by using the measured data of voltage and current obtained from experiments. To predict the PV solar output characteristics, four structures of a multilayer artificial neural network MLANN with Error Back-Propagation EBP were designed in MATLAB software. The MLANN structures have two inputs (temperature and irradiance) and three outputs (voltage, current and power). From experiment tests, a dataset of 434 hourly points was collected to investigate the structures of MLANN model. A 70% of the data used for training stage and 30% was distributed between the testing and validating stages. From test stage, the average of output value was taken for 14 numbers of data to compare with experimental values. The MLANN results show that the structures 2-4-4-1, 2-1-1-1 and 2-5-5-1 were the optimum testing model in the voltage, current and power output respectively with high accuracy and good agreement with experimental results.
Multi objective functions of constraint optimal power flow based on modified ant colony system optimization technique
Authors: Al-Bahran Layth Tawfeeq , Abdulrasool Ali Qasim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article presents the development of Ant Colony System algorithm for solving the constrained Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem. In this modification of ant colony, a local and global update of pheromone has been used. This optimization technique is used to adjust an optimal control variables of the system while satisfying the constraint of the state variables in their limits. The proposed algorithm tested on the IEEE-30 bus with different cases of single and multiple OPF objectives. The obtained results are analysed and compared with other previous studies. This comparison illustrates the efficiency of the ACS technique for solving different OPF problems of complex objective functions where the propose algorithm of ACS has been reduce the single objective function of total fuel cost, power losses, voltage profile improvement and the total generation emission to minimum value of 800.83 $/h, 3.2723 MW, 0.1194 pu and 0.2066 ton/h respectively with reduction of these objective function of 11.216%, 43.991%, 89.660%, 13.952% respectively. The authors have been used the MATLAB software for programming the propose technique without using any simulators. The Ant Colony System has the facility of simplicity in analysis, easy in program, faster in execution, less iteration with accurate result over the other optimization techniques.
Cuckoo Search Optimization for Solving Product Mix Problem
Authors: Al-Khazraji H , Khlil S , Alabacy Z 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The success of industrial companies is characterized by the efficient use of its resources. Most of decisions regarding to the efficient use of resources such as man, machine and material are subject to constraints. This paper considers a class of resource allocation problem named Product Mix Problem (PMP). The PMP is considered as an important production planning decision in the field of industrial engineering and management. The objective of this paper is to find the optimal quantities of different products that are required different amount of resources to maximize the return profit of a company where resources are limited. A Cuckoo Search Optimization (CSO) is proposed in this paper to as a methodology to search optimal solution. MATLAB Software is used to perform the proposed CSO method. Then, a comparative study between the CSO solution and existing solution in the literature is given. The simulations outcomes show the superiority of CSO over other methods.
Real-Time Implementation of a New Multifunction Relay
Authors: Hameed Ali Abdulsattar , Sultan Ahmed Jasim , Booneya Mehdi F. , Almuhsen Tahseen Ali Abd 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to design and building a New Multifunction Relay (MFR) by using the Arduino MEGA. It is used to provide protection against many abnormal conditions that may occur in the power system. The MFR contains two functions: firstly, are designing an inverse Overcurrent relay, and the other is an Over/Under voltage Relay based on the IEC 60255-151 standard and IEEE 1159 standard respectively. The GUI is designed by using the MATLAB environment to provide a platform of the relay. The proposed MFR showed accuracy results, Low costs, fast response, and very small error rate.
Current-Control Inverter Schemes for a Grid-Connected PV Generator
Authors: Hussein Hussein A. , Mahdi Ali J. , Abdul-Wahhab Thamir M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Photovoltaic Generators (PVGs) are one of the popular renewable energy sources (RESs), which achieve 47% of RES in microgrids. The main components of the proposed system are: (i) a PVG considering extremum operating conditions, the irradiance change is 400-1000 W/m2 and the temperature change is 25-60 °C; (ii) a DC-DC boost converter used for regulating the variable DC-link voltage via an inner voltage-loop controller (iii) a single-phase H-bridge inverter controlled by an outer current-loop controller for implementing the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm at grid side; (iv) an inductive power filter for improving the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the grid current. In this paper, the grid current is controlled to follow the maximum power point (MPP) current considering the losses when transferring the DC power to the grid. Two current-loop controllers are implemented, which are: (i) hysteresis current controller (HCC) and PI current controller (PICC). The proposed design is validated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the simulation results show significant improvement in power quality, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the output grid current is less than 2% and the power factor is close to unity.
Design an Accurate Power Control Strategy of Parallel Connected Inverters in Islanded Microgrids
Authors: Almousawi Ali Q. , Aldair Prof. Dr. Ammar A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
When the overall loads change periodically, the accurate real power and reactive power sharing considered is essential for the operation of an islanded microgrid. In this work, an accurate power control strategy of parallel-connected inverters in an AC microgrid in islanded mode has been designed. The examined microgrid involves four inverters linked to the load via different system impedance conditions is performed. Also, the control strategy for islanded microgrid operation with detailed switching models is simulated by using PSCAD/EMTDC software, and all dynamic and steady-state real and reactive power sharing is explained. Moreover, the real power sharing is achieved using only the decentralized control (droop control), while the reactive power sharing control approach is proposed as a central controller (secondary controller) in order to improve the precision of fundamental reactive power sharing, gives an efficient dynamic performance, and reduce the circulating current. The central controller in the microgrid requires communications. It is used as an external loop to accomplish identical reactive power sharing according to reactive power load especially when the mismatch in voltage drops through the feeders is occurred. The control approach will still work with traditional droop control when the central controller is a failure. The obtained results show that the proposed approach is immune to the time delay in the central controller. Additionally, the active power and the reactive power is shared accurately.
Indoor Localization Improvements Based on Average RSS Samples
Authors: Mosleh Mahmood F , Daraj A K 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There are some constraints and challenges in the big building, hence, the Global Positioning Systems (GPS) doesn’t work so well. To address this problem, indoor localization systems carried out based on methods like the Receive Signal Strength (RSS) and Time of Arrival (ToA). However, harsh indoor environments still a big challenge due to the impact of other signal sources or movements of people into the building. Subsequently, the test of signal changeable with time under several conditions. To overcome those problems, Average samples of RSS (ASRSS) proposed in this paper by measure the 63 samples. The Net Spot software was experimental software to measure RSS values in a continuous way with time. The final reference RSS measurements resulting in an average of 63 samples. In the simulation side, Wireless Insite Package (WPI) used to design a Three-Dimensional (3D) case study building. The results of RSS based on the ASRSS technique confirm that the RSS in simulation and experimental sides so close to estimation calculations. The enhancements of estimate RSS lead to estimate accurate position with average errors equal to (0.098m).
Facial Features Extraction for Age Estimation Based on a Neural Network
Authors: Hasan Noor Falah , Mahdi Siraj Qays 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The determination of a person’s age using computer-based programming relies on biometric features such as facial features and fingerprints. These technologies, which require the intense study of age progression mechanisms in the human face and the factors that influence face aging patterns, have increasingly attracted attention due to their various real-world applications. In this paper, a feature selection method (FSM) has been adopted to identify the most suitable local binary pattern (LBP) features for age estimation. The selected features were then classified using a back-propagation neural network (BPNN). Extracted features were classified using a MATLAB-based artificial neural network (ANN), in which a back-propagation network (BPN) was used. The proposed BPN network contains four layers of neurons: an input layer, two hidden layers, and an output layer. Each layer contains nine neurons in addition to the bias. Experiments in this work were conducted using three types of image datasets: standard FG-NET, privately-collected, and real-time captured image dataset. Experimental results demonstrate the significant role of using a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) with FSM, which produced an estimation accuracy of up to 93.22% after two rounds, while without FMS, estimation accuracy reached 82.966% at most, depending on the original LBP features. However, the accuracy using the images captured by the connected camera reached no more than 71%.
Evaluating Characteristics of 2.5 Gbps GPON using Various Distance and Wavelength
Authors: Ali Mustafa H. , Abu-Alsaad Hiba A. , Almufti Ali M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a discussion has been made to analysis is the performance of a Gigabyte Passive Optical Network (GPON) receiver for various distances and wavelengths with a constant power equal to 5 dB in a system having four users on the transmitter side and four in the destination. We will measure the Q-factor for four wavelengths downlink Optical-receiver to decide which wavelength has the best performance and cover the longest distance. Among the two data format, we used Return to Zero (RZ) and Non-Return to Zero (NRZ). Then prove how RZ gives higher effectiveness in the contras to NRZ and longer distance to cover specialty the wavelength (1310) followed with (1270) that it could reach 60 km with Q-factor (7.48) and (6.77) respectively.
Secured Water Quality Monitoring System based on IOT
Authors: Fadel Ahmed Abbas , Shujaa Mohamed Ibrahim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, the Internet of Things is used in many areas and applications such as smart cities and smart houses. However, the widespread Internet of things (IOT) faces many problems, the most important of those which are related to confidence and privacy. Information security is the main challenge on the Internet of things. To gain a secure and good quality of water, a smart monitoring and secured process system was introduced. In this paper the present algorithm was used to transmit information safely and secure, after the generation of the random key of the algorithm. Sensors was used to sense the change in reading parameters of the acidic/basic water (PH), and total dissolved solids ( TDS) of water, then transfer information from the external environment to the proposed system where the microprocessor (ESP32) and website application. The achieved results showed that the encryption method on the PH and TDS readings parameters succeeds in maintaining the avalanche effect requirement and introducing additional strength to the system.
Reduce the Resources Utilization of LDPC Decoder Based on Min-Sum Decoder for Spread Spectrum Applications
Authors: Mosleh Mahmood F. , Hasan Fadhil S. , Abdulhameed Aya H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Communications with spread spectrum (SS) have attracted attention because of their channel attenuation immunity and low potential for interception. Aside from some extra features such as basic transceiver structures, the analogy alternative to digital SS systems would be chaotic communication. In this brief, Differential Chaos Shift Keying (DCSK) systems, non-periodic and random characteristics among chaos carriers and their interaction with soft data are designed based on low-density parity-check ( LDPC) codes. Because of simple structure and magnificent error correction capability. Using the development kit Xilinx kintex7 FPGA, we investigate the DCSK communication system’s hardware efficiency and resource requirement tendencies based on the LDPC decoding algorithm Min-Sum over AWGN channel. The results demonstrate that the proposed system model has major improvements in Bit Error Rate ( BER) performance and the real-time process. The Min-Sum decoder has comparatively fewer FPGA resources than other decoders for soft decisions. The implemented system achieves a coding gain of 10-4 BER efficiency with 5.6 dB associate Eb/No.
LORA in a Campus: Reliability and Stability Testing
Authors: Kurji Ali S. , Al-Nakkash Aseel H. , Hussein Osama Abbas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Long Range (LoRa) Technology offers robust wireless solutions for data collection and communication in smart buildings and smart cities by providing superior performance as a solution for the Internet of Things infrastructure. Its four powerful parameters usually govern the communication performance of LoRa; the transmit power, Spreading Factor (SF), Code Rate (CR), and the Bandwidth (BW). This work introduces a comprehensive study of LoRa’s behavior and the role of the abovementioned parameters based on experimental validation of the various performance metrics of LoRa. LoRa is tested to evaluate its reliability and stability in reality, where the different environment is adopted in Electrical Engineering Technical College in Baghdad, Iraq. In terms of LoRa reliability, the results show an acceptable Mean Absolute Error (MAE) equals to 11.33dB when comparing reference and experimental LoRa sensitivity for all SF values. Moreover, 18% of packet loss has resulted from a heavy fading environment with minimal power and SF. On the other hand, LoRa sensitivity test shows that the variance calculated for 200 RSS samples in a heavy fading condition equals 29.9064. Both tests quantify the efficiency of LoRa in such a harsh environment and pave the way for future LoRa applications implementation.
Impact of FWM on Optical Scheme Performance under Different Limitations Factors and Modulation Formats
Authors: Khamees Luay Ali , Aljanabi Mohanad , Abd H. J. , Hassan Muhnaad Abbas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Four-wave mixing (FWM) has been shown to be the leading nonlinear consequence in long transmission distance that can cruelly border the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and minor the scheme performance. In this work, the system analyze with performance under the effect of wavelength spacing in the case of normal RZ, NRZ intensity modulation - direct modulation (IM-DD) and in the existence of phase shift keying-modulation format, which comprised of (8-PSK and 16-PSK). In addition, the effect of wavelength spacing on FWM is evaluated through 4 kinds of optical fiber, SMF, DSF, NZDF and Large Effective Area Fiber (LEAF) for three channels. The outcomes show that the SMF presents minimum FWM power up to -40.88 dBm, while DSF offers maximum FWM power of -30.99 dBm. It is observed that for NZDF and LEAF, the FWM powers are -31.99dBm and -35 dBm, respectively. In the case of system quality with the channel spacing tuning after 150 Km, BER is 3.3×10−11 on received power of -12 dBm using 16-PSK modulation. Nevertheless, in the existence of NRZ arrangement the BER was originated to be worse and equal to 8×10−3 at same received power.
Aluminium Substrates Coated by Mg-ZnFe2O4 Ferrite Using PVD Technique
Authors: Kadhim Kadhim J. , Lazem Taha H. , Blawa Batool D. , Mejbel Mohanad Kadhim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sol-gel technique was used to prepare Mg0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 spinel ferrite, (400 nm and 800 nm) ±20 thin films on aluminium substrates were deposited by a vacuum thermal evaporation technique known as physical vapor deposition (PVD). X-ray diffraction reported cubic phase polycrystalline nanostructure and the occurrence of microstrain in the crystals due to sintering temperature effect. Atomic force microscope AFM topography images showed smooth surfaces with low roughness where the average roughness (Ra = 5.3 nm) and root mean square roughness (Rq = 7.09 nm). Scanning Electron Microscope SEM surface images of the thin films shown spherical nanocomposite grains with size in order of 45.93 nm and the cross-section images show regular-shaped agglomerated particles. The effect of thickness on microwave properties for samples without adding any adhesive or fixative was revealed and investigated by Vector Network Analyzer system (VNA) for the X-band width frequency range which shows high reflection stability and very high absorption proportions as (8.40) GHz was the good bandwidth for X-band region. The highest values of the reflection coefficient were (-7.16, -3.96) dB at frequencies (8.42, 8.66) GHz respectively. The highest values of the attenuation coefficient were (-9.57, -9.89) dB at frequencies (9.58, 12.45) GHz respectively.
Simulation of the Solar Powered Humidification-Dehumidification Distillation Unit Performance Working Under Iraqi Conditions Using TRNSYS
Authors: Fadhil Mohanad , Hamed Ahmed J. , Khalifa Abdul Hadi N. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The problem of drinking water scarcity represents a significant threat for Middle East countries particularly in the desert regions of Iraq. Thus, there is still a need to study and investigate the techniques and methods of water desalination to be available for fresh water supply. Simulation model of the distillation unit based on the humidification – dehumidification processes (HDH) was developed using TRNSYS 16 software. A yearly performance of the HDH unit was done based on step of one hour under the conditions of Baghdad, Iraq, 33.3 ° N latitude, 44.14° N longitude and elevation of 34 m. Meteonorm V7.3 software was used to obtain the weather data for Baghdad city. The key variable of this work is the variation of the salty water flow rate through the parabolic trough collector. The effect of salty water flow rate on the fresh water productivity, properties of the air entering and leaving the humidifier and dehumidifier in addition to the temperature of the water leaving the collector were studied. The salty water flow rate considered in this study was 50, 55, 60 and 75 lit/hr. All the input variables have been studied experimentally in earlier work. The results showed that, increasing the water flow rate through the collector improves the HDH unit performance, the water production increases insignificantly when the water flow rate increases more than 60 lit/hr. The best volume flow rate of water through the collector around the year was 60 lit/hr, that gives a yearly productivity of fresh water 17650 lit/year which is equal to about 2011 lit/m2.year. At a given salty water flow rate, the maximum productivity of fresh water is in conjugated with the lowest outer relative humidity.
Joining of Aluminium Alloy (AA6061-T6) to Pre-Threaded Pure Copper by Friction Spot Lap joining (FSpLJ) Process
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed S. , Hussain Sabah Khammass , Jadee Khudhayer J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective - The objective of this study is to join Aluminum alloy type (AA6061-T6) of (1.5) mm thickness to pre-threaded pure copper of (2) mm thickness applying the frictional spot lap joining (FSpLJ) technique. Styling - All specimen aluminium and copper was prepared by cutting them by dimensions (100×25) mm, pure copper samples (2) mm thickness were pre-punctured with a diameter of (4) mm and then threaded it with a diameter of (4.8) mm, a tooth step (1) mm, a rotational instrument with a (10) mm diameter was used for the joining operation. Configuration - The threaded copper was put in the mold channel, placing aluminum on top of the copper, putting the fastener over the sample, and placing the top cover of the template and fixation it with three bolts. Approach - The process parameters [rotating speed (RPM), plunging depth (mm), and pre-heating time (sec.)] was optimized by using Taguchi style, there were four levels for each parameter. The influence of the operation parameters on the joint shear strength was analyzed. The tests [Visual examination, shear force, macrostructure, and the microstructure of the joint were applied]. Results – AA6061 was extruded through the pure copper hole and its interlock with the thread slot. As a result, it was obtained mechanical overlap between the extruded aluminum and the copper. The plunging depth parameter had the greatest influence on the shear strength of the joint. Increasing the plunging depth and the rotational speed of the tool was gradually increased the efficiency of the joint. The results showed that the samples failed to test shear in the zone of the lap joint. The highest shear force is (2176) N.