bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory assessment of performance of WMA containing Sasobit
Authors: Joni Hasan H , Alkhafaji Aqeel Y M 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver the time, comparing with the traditional hot mix asphaltic (HMA) mixture, the warm mix asphaltic (WMA) mixture has become extremely widespread in the construction projects of highways because the WMA mixture provides the possibility of manufacturing asphalt mixes at a lower temperature than the traditionally utilized HMA. Thus, it reduces energy consumption, decreases CO2 emissions and improves the quality of the environment. The goal of this research was to determine the impact of the Sasobit addition on the sensitivity of mixes to permanent deformation and moisture. Under the framework of this study, four percentages of Sasobit were added are 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 % to investigate the effect of increasing Sasobit content on the moisture and rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures. In summary, the rut of WMA, which was tested in the Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device (HWTD), was decreased as compared to the control HMA, while the rut depth was even lower at 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 % than that of 4.0 % Sasobit. The moisture resistance was decreased (as compared to conventional HMA) by Sasobit addition, as shown by reducing the tensile strength ratios (TSR), but it was still higher than the minimum of 80%.
Decolorization and Mycoremediation of Methyl Orange using Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Karaghool Haneen A. Kh. , Hashim Khalid 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the application of Beauveria bassiana in the decolorization and degrade of Methyl Orange (MO) as a model sulfonated azo dye from aqueous solution. B. bassiana was acclimated to higher concentration of MO dye (25 – 250 mg/L) in MSM after repeated sub-culturing. B. bassiana could completely decolorize of MO in a large variety up to 100 mg/L of MO concentration, at 28 °C and pH 8. This study showed that methyl orange is fully decolorized by Beauveria bassiana at optimized operational conditions within 7 days of incubation period.
Digital Era Influence on Neighbourhood Planning
Authors: Farhan Sabeeh Lafta , Mutaz T , Alyasari Haider I , Zubaidi Salah L , Hashim K S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
New human needs have an impact on settlements planning and spatial organization. These human needs were subjected to new era requirements. The research aims to solve the knowledge gab about determining the change in neighborhood space planning caused by the digital revolution. The neighborhood is represented by smallest planning module (horizontal –vertical) that has services centre allocates about 10 minutes walking from neighborhood boundary which provides social interaction among residents. The digital revolution is defined as set of computer tests models through making a connection between reality and futuristic production. The research analyses the urban spaces that changed from physical to digital manner through the relations between neighborhood planning and digital revolution. Preliminary results demonstrate good performance on a global project tested.
Free-form geometries in contemporary architecture – dimensional rules of Folded, Blob and Formlessness architecture
Authors: Majeed Anas Hameed , Al-Alwan Huda , Oukaili Nazar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The style of Free-form Geometry (FFG) has emerged in contemporary architecture within the last three decades around the world through the progress of digital design tools and the development of constructive materials. FFG is considered as the hard efforts of several contemporary architects to release their products from familiar restrictions to discover new and unfamiliar styles under the perspective of innovation. Many contemporary architects seek to recognize their forms and facilitate dealing with according to specific dimensional rules. The main research problem is the lack of knowledge, in the field of architecture, in previous literature about the formation processes in achieving FFG in contemporary architecture as a response to the new requirements that make architecture more flexible in the final expression and breaking away from regularity. Thus, this paper aims to establish a theoretical framework to determine dimensional rules as formation techniques and utilize them as tools in designing processes, to finally benefit to attain several free-form geometries in architecture now and in the future. The research results confirm the importance of dimensional rules in the designing processes as an effective contribution to achieving FFGs in contemporary architecture.
Study of Distribution Ice-Forming reagent in the Boundary layer of the atmosphere When Exposed by Ground Aerosol Generators NAG-07M
Authors: Kadhim Qasim S. , Abdulkareem Iqbal H. , Ibraheem Nagham T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper describes the technical means, methods, and results of experimental studies of the spread of ice-forming agents in the boundary layer of the atmosphere under the action of ground-based aerosol generator NAG-07M. Comparison of the data on sampling by an AVA 3-240-01S probe mounted aboard Vilga-35A aircraft with aerosol propagation calculations using a 3-D SeedDisp model shows 1. The concentration of silver iodide measured in the atmosphere was above background one to a height of 1200 m at distances of 3 to 9 km from the place of the generator installation. 2. The developed SeedDisp numerical model in general qualitatively correctly describes the distribution of silver iodide aerosols in the boundary layer and the free atmosphere under the action of ground-based aerosol generator NAG-07M. Thus, the coefficient of correlation of the measured and calculated by model values of the silver iodide particles concentration in the sub-cloud layer exceeded the value of 0.7.
The Threshold of Urban Sustainability within the Traditional Cities: Traditional Alnajaf city as a case study
Authors: Adelphi Hussam S. O. , Farhan Sabeeh Lafta , Alshamari Haitham A. H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Successful urban interventions in traditional cities must be thoughtful, accurate and wise intervention, so the research assumed that urban sustainability represents a contemporary development intervention that tries to regulate the performance of urban products (components - dimensions) in traditional cities within three factors which are, the right time, right place, and positive performance. The traditional Alnajaf city in Iraq was taken as a case study, morphologically; the general shape of the city was classified into five main parts and examined them with physical dimension that was depended on the concepts of sustainability threshold according to the descriptive data. From this analysis the research determined the right, time and place to achieve the best sustainable intervention. The research found that there is a variation in the level of sustainability in traditional Alnajaf city resulting from the different type of intervention at the level of the constituent parts of the urban fabric. Thus, it is possible to take advantage of the limits of urban sustainability (The Threshold) in creating a balance between the type of urban intervention and the needs of the original city to preserve the traditional cities, including traditional Alnajaf city.
Passive air-conditioning of domestic using a hybrid system of solar updraft tower and a geothermal in Tikrit city-Iraq
Authors: Abed Fayadh M , Zaidan Maki H , Hussein Yousif H , Jassim Abdullah K 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn constructing a hybrid solar updraft tower with an underground heat exchanger, this study provides a theoretical and experimental investigation. A valuable function that lowers energy consumption in the case of domestic buildings is the Underground Tube Heat Exchanger. The submerged underground heat exchanger tube for heating in winter season and cooling in summer and the air is to be supplied by the influence of solar updraft tower to the building. The findings show that at 3 m depth from the earth, which is called buried depth at a 152 mm outer diameter, the maximum efficiency of the underground heat exchanger system. In comparison, with rising velocity of air, the temperature of the outlet air from the ground heat exchanger increases, varying from (22.2- 28 °C) and also increases with increasing pipe diameter and decreases with increasing tube length. The difference between the findings of the theoretical and the experimental tests was 1.8 %. The combined geothermal heat exchanger and solar updraft tower system is used as an air conditioning system and was satisfactory efficient for thermal building loads.
Texture descriptors for better face recognition performance
Authors: Hamd Muthana H. , Naji Saba K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Due to, the great electronic development, which reinforced the need to define people’s identities, different methods, and databases to identification people’s identities have emerged. In this paper, we compare the results of two texture analysis methods: Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Local Ternary Pattern (LTP). The comparison based on comparing the extracting facial texture features of 40,401 and 10 subjects taken from ORL, UFI and Self-Created databases respectively. As well, the comparison has taken in the account using three distance measurements such as; Manhattan Distance (MD), Euclidean Distance (ED), and Cosine Distance (CD). Where the maximum accuracy of the LBP method (99.23%) is obtained with a Manhattan and ORL database as standard database, while the LTP method attained (98.76%) using the same distance and database. While, the facial database of UFI shows low quality, which is satisfied 75.98% and 73.82% recognition rates using LBP and LTP respectively with Manhattan distance. Hereby, the LBP based biometric system performs excellence recognition accuracy even with difficult face images that contain different expressions, different poses, and varied illumination like the UFI dataset.
Seasonal characterization of municipal solid waste in the city of Jammu, India
Authors: Alam Pervez , Mazhar Mohd. Aamir , Khan Afzal Husain , Khan Nadeem A , Mahmoud Alaa El Din 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Increasing municipal solid waste (MSW) of different forms on account of rise in population has demonstrated the need of studying the seasonal characterization of municipal solid waste in residential area of Jammu city, India. This work analyses the characteristics of MSW for three diverse periods of a year (winter, spring and summer) collected directly from the families at three diverse economic levels of selected residential area. Weighing machine was used to weight the waste material separated in tarpaulin sheet. For all the three socioeconomic levels, the average measure of waste produced was 2.96 kg/capita/day. The lowest income groups generated about 2.36 to 2.71 kg/capita/day of waste while the highest income groups generated about 2.4 to 3.7 kg/capita/day of waste. We found that summer season has the highest of waste generation whereas winter has the lowest. The characterization values of the weighed municipal solid waste shows organic fraction of 82.73% followed by the plastic waste with 6.78% and then the combination of paper and cardboard with 6.78%. Other wastes viz metals, glass etc. were found to be 2.51 % in total.
Theoretical and numerical study for unsteady tube expansion using hemispherical dies
Authors: Khalaf Hazim Khaleel , Ismail Azal Rifaat , Jasim Yusra Abdullah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Unsteady hemispherical die expansion process was investigated theoretically and numerically, using a 48 mm base diameter die. Brass specimens of 32 mm inner diameter, and 1.5, 2, and 3 mm initial wall thickness were simulated using Coulomb’s friction concept with a coefficient of 0.1. The governing equation was derived, and solved for the perfect plastic condition. Reasonable agreement was found between the theoretical and the finite-element results for the relation between forming stress vs. expansion ratio which was noticed to be less affected by the wall thickness. The wall plastic bending at the die entrance was developed to wall curling and waving for all cases. The three components of strains were also studied using the finite-element method. It was noticed that the circumferential strain is always tensile, whilst the radial strain is compressive at the expanded end but turns to tensile at the die entrance. The complexity of expansion process was reflected clearly through the longitudinal strain distribution, it begins as a compressive strain at the expanded end with increasing compressive strain until it reaches its maximum compressive value at a distance about 5 mm from the expanded end, then vanishes at the die entrance.
The Role of Urban Planning and Urban Design on Safe Cities
Authors: Al-Ghiyadh Mohammed Abdul-Kadhum , Al-Khafaji Saba J. Neamah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cities are exposed to many security threats in urban areas due to crime and violence, insecurity of tenure and forced eviction, and natural and human-made disasters. Cities have witnessed many challenges and problems, such as: increasing population numbers, housing density, migration to cities, unemployment, poverty, deteriorating infrastructure, unhealthy environment, wars, terrorism and political conflicts. The purpose of this study is to define safe cities and clarify the role of urban planning and design and their elements on safe cities. This paper analyses the role of urban planning and urban design to increase security in safe cities. The research provides an overview of the theories that explain the relationship between urban planning and design and their elements on crime, in addition, it describes the most important planning and design elements that reduce the opportunities for crime like: street planning, land use, building density, and role of management and good governance, in addition to urban design concepts: defensible space, territoriality, access control, surveillance, target hardening, building Image, activity support, and maintenance.
Simulating a Stochastic Signal of Urban Water Demand by a Novel Combination of Data Analytic and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Zubaidi Salah L. , Al-Bugharbee Hussein , Muhsin Yousif Raad , Gharghan Sadik Kamel , Hashim Khalid , Ridha Hussein Mohammed , Alkhaddar Rafid , Kot Patryk , Abdellatif Mawada 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this research, a new methodology is presented to forecast the stochastic component of urban water demand for Baghdad City from 2003 to 2014. The methodology contains data preprocessing to analyse raw time series of water via Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) technique and select the best scenario of independent variables by a stepwise regression method. Artificial neural network (ANN) is integrated by Backtracking Search Algorithm (BSA) to find the best factors of the ANN model. The outcomes reveal that data pre-processing can detect the stochastic signal of water data and choice the best model input’s scenario. BSA successfully determines the parameters of the ANN model. The methodology accurately simulated the stochastic signal of water time series depend on different statistical criteria such as coefficient of determination and mean absolute relative error equal to 0.99 and 0.0208, respectively.
Reducing peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of OFDM systems using complex BIFORE precoding transform
Authors: Saleh Mohanad A. , Hamood Mounir T , Ahmed Mohammed Sh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Due to its valuable features, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is utilized extensively with the modern communication systems. In despite, such employment is impacted with some drawbacks that has been received a great interest in the recent studies. One of the negative ramifications owing to the supersession of transmitted signal through inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) is the large values of peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Consequently, reducing PAPR has received a good effort in the current studies. Owing to an efficient data rate and low computational complexity further to reduce PAPR without distortion, precoding OFDM system is employed in the recent information transmission techniques. This paper proposed the complex BIFORE transform (CBT) as a precoding scheme for OFDM systems and compared with Walsh Hadamard transform (WHT). In the sequel, the CBT achieved more PAPR reduction than WHT when employing as a precoding transform with the OFDM systems because of reducing superposition of the transmitted signals. As clearly shown in the simulation results, the CBT can be considered as an efficient precoding transform with OFDM systems for reducing PAPR.
A study on effective adsorption of lead from an aqueous solution using Copper Oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Zaidi Rumman , Khan Saif Ullah , Azam Ameer , Farooqi Izharul Haq 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work, the co-precipitation method was used to prepare copper oxide nanoparticles, which were found 21.6 nm in size, as calculated from the Debye-Scherrer equation. The prepared material was characterized using XRD and UV-Visible spectroscopy and further evaluated for its efficiency in adsorptive removal of Pb(II). To optimize the adsorption process was tried in the range: nanoparticle dosage (0.1-1 g/L), reaction time (0.5-2 hour), initial pH of the solution (2-6), and initial concentration of Lead (5-15 ppm). A linear fitting of equilibrium data to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms was also explored and carried out. The results indicated that data obtained from the experiment fit better with the Freundlich isotherm model, attaining qmaxfor lead ions as 97 mg/g. Kinetic studies showed better fitting with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model signifying the mechanism of adsorption as chemisorption. The result advocate that synthesized adsorbent proved useful in adsorbing led from water.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Mefenamic acid using Metol reagent by Oxidative Coupling Reaction
Authors: Rashad Istabraq Qahtan , Bakir Mohsin Hamza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and accurate spectrophotometric method for the determination of Mefenamic acid is described. The method is oxidative coupling reaction of Mefenamic acid with metol using potassium periodate as an oxidizing agent in alkaline medium to form a water-soluble product, that is stable and has a maximum absorption at 533 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in a concentration range of 2.4-24 μg/ml Mefenamic acid with a molar absorptivity of 7.2x103 L/mol.cm. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of Mefenamic acid in various pharmaceutical preparations.
Application of salicylaldehyde based-metal binuclear dithiocarbamate complexes for iron and copper removal from wastewater
Authors: Hamooda Elaf S. , Al-Fahdawi Aeed S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research includes synthesization and characterization of dinuclear transition metal(II) macrocyclic dithiocarbamate complexes (DTC) of the general formula [M(L)]2, where M(II) could be Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, while L is the potassium mono-dithiocarbamate. Then, these complexes were used to remove iron and copper from wastewater. DTC complexes are prepared via a one-pot reaction by mixing secondary amine, CS2, KOH, and metal chloride. All compounds are characterized by FTIR, UV-visible, mass spectra, magnetic moment, conductance, melting point, mass spectroscopy, and 1H-, 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The complexes of divalent metal ions appear to be tetrahedral geometry for Fe(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) complexes, while octahedral geometry is suggested for Mn(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes. The ligands showed effective Cu and Fe removal efficiency of up to 75.96, 48.9% from wastewater.
Living cool: An approach for Architectural “COOL ROOF” to Decrease the Electricity Consumption in Iraq
Authors: Alnuaimi Saad F , Mohammed Wasan M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One of the most important problems in Iraq is the insufficient and inefficiency of the electrical power generating station, that is causing many problems in the availability of electricity in public and private buildings. This problem is leading to use privet power generators, causing air pollution and highly energy consumption. The second exploratory symposium “the reality of power in Iraq and its impact on the society” which had been held on May 2011 in Iraq proposed a large number of recommendations, a standout amongst these proposals was: urge the utilization of the thermal insulation in the building’s roofs to reduce the energy consumption. This study will prompt to the new idea of “living cool” in the Iraqi houses and different types of buildings throughout the day without the electricity’s power using by utilizing the new thermal insulation technology. This study eventually examines the idea of the “COOL ROOF” innovation to Iraqi’s houses and public buildings. The problem of the energy consumption might be the critical issue over the world generally, what’s more done Iraq specially. The transmission of the energy through top roofs might be more than (50%) starting with those general transmission energies through the other surfaces. Roofs with “high solar reflection”, high daylight reflection and high thermal emittance “high heat radiant” are remaining unflappable throughout the day. Previous researches approved that “the roof surfaces with low thermal emittances properties and high solar reflection might also remain cool in the sun and throughout the day. Use this type of roofs (cool roof) will reduce cooling electricity power in the different types of buildings in Iraq. Cool roofs can also reduce the citywide encompassing air temperature over summer by decreasing those gigantic number for air-conditioning equipment, abating ozone framing furthermore, eventually expanding human comfort demands by using the nature and minimum requirements to reach human comfortable zones. This research has been used practical details to apply the cool roof technology in Iraq.
Catalytic Demetalization of Ni+2 Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Two Types of Activated Carbon
Authors: Ibrahim Suha Anwer , Abbas Mohammed Nsaif , Abudi Zaidun Naji , Ibrahim Thekra Atta 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Heavy metals are dangerous contaminants due to their toxic effects on all components of the environment as well as their high toxicity to humans when entering the food chain. The current study aims to investigate the potency of nickel ions demetalization in both practical and statistical parts. The practical portion included the use of two types of activated carbon, namely the ordinary granular activated carbon (GAC) and promoted granular activated carbon loaded with sulfur namely (S-GAC), to complete the demetalization process of nickel from aqueous solutions via batch mode, while the statistical aspect dealt with the representation of the data obtained by multiple regression model using a statistical package STATDISK program. The practical results showed the possibility of demetalization of nickel by GAC and S-GAC adsorbents. The percentage of demetalization efficiency is inversely proportional to the initial concentration of nickel while it was directly proportional to the pH, temperature, agitation speed, the dose of GAC and S-GAC adsorbents and the contact time. The maximum percentage demetalization efficiency reaches to 78.41% and 90.75% for GAC and S-GAC respectively. The results of statistical part show that identical with the practical results and the correlation coefficient R2 values were (0.9988 and 0.9997) and p-values were (3.8×10−7 and 4.45×10−7) in case of GAC and S-GAC catalysts respectively.