bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fatal case of infective endocarditis complicated by acute COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Pandey Anmol , Davies William R , Calvert Patrick A 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
A 74-year-old man with no co-morbidities presented to hospital with a 3-day history of diarrhoea and vomiting. He met the modified Duke’s criteria for definite infective endocarditis and was immediately started on an intravenous antibiotic. Over Days 1–9, he developed renal failure. On Day 10, he was transferred to a tertiary hospital for mitral valve replacement. However, he tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on arrival at the tertiary hospital, which delayed his surgery. He underwent bi-weekly nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 with a plan to operate as soon as he tested negative, or as soon as his incubation period for COVID-19 pneumonia had elapsed. Unfortunately, he died on Day 31 from acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia. We describe the challenges in deciding on the optimal timing for valve replacement. We conclude by suggesting that earlier valve replacement may result in better outcomes.
Fibula Nailing: A Retrospective Review of 110 Consecutive FibuLock Nails
Authors: Hodgkins Christopher W. , Fleites Jorge 
Published: December 2021

Objectives:
To evaluate the treatment of unstable lateral malleolar fractures using a fibula nail with both proximal and distal locking capabilities.

Design:
Retrospective review of 110 single-surgeon consecutive fibula nails.

Setting:
Single-surgeon, private practice community hospital.

Patients/Participants:
One hundred ten fractures, 92 OTA/AO 44B and 18 OTA/AO 44C.

Intervention:
FibuLock fibula nail (Arthrex, Naples, FL).

Main Outcome Measurements:
Demographic, operative, clinical, and radiographic outcome data.

Results:
One hundred two patients/102 fractures met criteria. Ninety percent had a f/u of ≥12 months (mean 12.2 months). All fractures healed. There were no superficial or deep infections, no nonunions, or malunions. Two fractures required conversion to plate fixation intraoperatively because of excessive comminution which precluded the use of a nail, while one patient sustained an iatrogenic superficial peroneal nerve neuroma. No patients reported implant irritation, and none have required implant removal.

Conclusion:
Fibula nails with proximal locking capabilities offer an alternative to plating with the potential for lower complication rates and lower need for implant removal.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Association Between Genetic Predictors for C-Reactive Protein and Venous Thromboembolism With Severe Adverse Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outcomes
Authors: Guo Boya , Williams-Nguyen Jessica , Wang Lu , Haas Cameron B. , Kabrhel Christopher , Lindström Sara 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To assess if genetic predictors for C-reactive protein and risk of venous thromboembolism are associated with severe outcomes among individuals who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
U.K. Biobank.

PATIENTS OR SUBJECTS:
U.K. Biobank participants with European ancestry who were recorded to have a positive polymerase chain reaction test result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 between March 16, 2020, and August 14, 2020.

INTERVENTIONS:
Not applicable.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We constructed separate genetic risk scores for C-reactive protein and venous thromboembolism consisting of 56 and 37 genetic variants that have been significantly associated with venous thromboembolism and C-reactive protein, respectively. Among 1,126 individuals who were diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019, 48% had a coronavirus disease 2019–related hospitalization, 16% received critical care support, 10% had critical respiratory support, and 21% died from coronavirus disease 2019. Genetic predisposition to high C-reactive protein concentrations was marginally associated with a lower risk of death from coronavirus disease 2019 (odds ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73–1.00; p = 0.05). No other associations were significant.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results do not support associations between polygenic risk for elevated blood C-reactive protein concentrations or venous thromboembolism and severe coronavirus disease 2019 health outcomes. Thus, considering genetic predisposition associated with C-reactive protein concentrations or venous thromboembolism risk is not meaningful for predicting severe coronavirus disease 2019 health outcomes.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Secondary to Disseminated Histoplasmosis
Authors: Wasylyshyn Anastasia , Maki Gina , Linder Kathleen A. , Herc Erica S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a syndrome of immune dysregulation that can lead to an overwhelming inflammatory state. In this case series, we describe 3 cases in which disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum infection caused hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
Prdm12 modulates pain-related behavior by remodeling gene expression in mature nociceptors
Authors: Latragna Aurore , Sabaté San José Alba , Tsimpos Panagiotis , Vermeiren Simon , Gualdani Roberta , Chakrabarti Sampurna , Callejo Gerard , Desiderio Simon , Shomroni Orr , Sitte Maren , Kricha Sadia , Luypaert Maëlle , Vanhollebeke Benoit , Laumet Geoffroy , Salinas Gabriela , Smith Ewan St. John , Ris Laurence , Bellefroid Eric J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Prdm12 is a conserved epigenetic transcriptional regulator that displays restricted expression in nociceptors of the developing peripheral nervous system. In mice, Prdm12 is required for the development of the entire nociceptive lineage. In humans, PRDM12 mutations cause congenital insensitivity to pain, likely because of the loss of nociceptors. Prdm12 expression is maintained in mature nociceptors suggesting a yet-to-be explored functional role in adults. Using Prdm12 inducible conditional knockout mouse models, we report that in adult nociceptors Prdm12 is no longer required for cell survival but continues to play a role in the transcriptional control of a network of genes, many of them encoding ion channels and receptors. We found that disruption of Prdm12 alters the excitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons in culture. Phenotypically, we observed that mice lacking Prdm12 exhibit normal responses to thermal and mechanical nociceptive stimuli but a reduced response to capsaicin and hypersensitivity to formalin-induced inflammatory pain. Together, our data indicate that Prdm12 regulates pain-related behavior in a complex way by modulating gene expression in adult nociceptors and controlling their excitability. The results encourage further studies to assess the potential of Prdm12 as a target for analgesic development.
Capitalizing on Central Registries for Expanded Cancer Surveillance and Research
Authors: Bradley Cathy J. , Entwistle Julia , Sabik Lindsay M. , Lindrooth Richard C. , Perraillon Marcelo 
Published: December 2021

Background:
State central cancer registries are an essential component of cancer surveillance and research that can be enriched through linkages to other databases. This study identified and described state central registry linkages to external data sources and assessed the potential for a more comprehensive data infrastructure with registries at its core.

Methods:
We identified peer-reviewed papers describing linkages to state central cancer registries in all 50 states, Washington, DC, and Puerto Rico, published between 2010 and 2020. To complement the literature review, we surveyed registrars to learn about unpublished linkages. Linkages were grouped by medical claims (public and private insurers), medical records, other registries (eg, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome registries, birth certificates, screening programs), and data from specific cohorts (eg, firefighters, teachers).

Results:
We identified 464 data linkages with state central cancer registries. Linkages to cohorts and other registries were most common. Registries in predominately rural states reported the fewest linkages. Most linkages are not ongoing, maintained, or available to researchers. A third of linkages reported by registrars did not result in published papers.

Conclusions:
Central cancer registries, often in collaboration with researchers, have enriched their data through linkages. These linkages demonstrate registries’ ability to contribute to a data infrastructure, but a coordinated and maintained approach is needed to leverage these data for research. Sparsely populated states reported the fewest linkages, suggesting possible gaps in our knowledge about cancer in these states. Many more linkages exist than have been reported in the literature, highlighting potential opportunities to further use the data for research purposes.
The Impact of Smart Pump Interoperability on Errors in Intravenous Infusion Administrations: A Multihospital Before and After Study
Authors: Skog Jilian , Rafie Sally , Schnock Kumiko O. , Yoon Catherine , Lipsitz Stuart , Lew Pauline 
Published: December 2021

Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the frequency, type, and severity of errors associated with intravenous medication administration before and after smart pump interoperability.

Methods
We conducted an observational study at a community healthcare system before and after implementing smart pump interoperability. Point prevalence methodology was used to collect data on medication administration and errors in adult inpatient settings.

Results
Observations were completed for 350 infusions preintervention (178 patients) and 367 postintervention (200 patients). Total errors significantly decreased from 401 (114.6 per 100 infusions) to 354 (96.5 per 100 infusions, P = 0.02). Administration errors decreased from 144 (41.1 per 100 infusions) to 119 (32.4 per 100 infusions, P = 0.12). Expired medication errors significantly reduced from 11 (3.1 per 100 infusions) to 2 (0.5 per 100 infusions, P = 0.02). Errors involving high-risk medications significantly reduced from 45 (12.8 per 100 infusions) to 25 (6.8 per 100 infusions, P = 0.01). Errors involving continuous medications significantly reduced from 44 (12.6 per 100 infusions) to 22 (6.0 per 100 infusions, P = 0.005). When comparing programming type, manual programming resulted in 115 (77.2%) of administration and user documentation errors compared with 34 errors (22.8%) that occurred when autoprogramming was used. Of these, errors involving high-risk medications reduced from 21 (84.0%) to 4 (16.0%) after using autoprogramming.

Conclusions
Smart pump interoperability resulted in a 16% reduction in medication administration errors. Despite using dose error reduction software and autoprogramming, some types of errors persisted. Further studies are needed to understand how technology use can be optimized.
Measuring What Matters at Morbidity and Mortality Conferences: A Scoping Review of Effectiveness Measures
Authors: Verhagen Merel J. , de Vos Marit S. , Smaggus Andrew , Hamming Jaap F. 
Published: December 2021

Objective
Efforts to study morbidity and mortality conferences (M&MC) are hampered by the lack of rigorous instruments to assess the effectiveness of the conferences for the purpose of quality improvement and medical education. This might limit further advancement of the practice. The aim of this scoping review was to determine commonly used effectiveness measures of M&MC in the literature.

Method
A scoping review was performed of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies of M&MC, using databases from PubMed, Emcare, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library. Studies were included if an outcome was described after a general evaluation or an intervention to M&MC. Study quality was assessed with the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs.

Results
A total of 43 articles were included in the review. The majority used a quantitative (n = 23) or mixed (n = 17) design, with surveys as the most frequent method used for data collection (n = 29). The overall Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs scores were modest (64%). Outcome measures used to evaluate the effectiveness of M&MC were clustered in the following categories: “participant experiences,” “characteristics of the meeting,” “medical knowledge,” “actions for improvement,” and “clinical outcomes.”

Conclusions
This review found a wide variety of effectiveness measures for M&MC. Rather than using isolated measures, approaches that combine multiple effectiveness measures could offer a more comprehensive assessment of M&MC. Although there was a preference for quantitative metrics, this fails to seize the opportunity of qualitative methods to yield insights into sociological purposes of M&MC, such as building professional identities and safety culture.
Relationships Between Pediatric Safety Indicators Across a National Sample of Pediatric Hospitals: Dispelling the Myth of the “Safest” Hospital
Authors: Milliren Carly E. , Bailey George , Graham Dionne A. , Ozonoff Al 
Published: December 2021

Objective
There are many measures of healthcare quality, but no obvious summary measures to simplify ranking of hospital performance. With public reporting and accountability for hospital performance, the validity of composite measures for performance rankings has increased importance. This study aimed to explore the covariance of pediatric hospital quality indicators and evaluate the use of a single composite score.

Methods
We performed an observational study of pediatric hospital performance across 13 safety indicators extracted from the Pediatric Health Information System, a comparative database of children’s hospitals in the United States. We included patients discharged from 36 hospitals from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019. Using principal components analysis, we investigate relationships among patient safety measures from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality pediatric quality indicators and Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services hospital-acquired conditions. We compare and summarize rankings based on individual safety indicators and calculate alternative composite scores.

Results
We identified 5 orthogonal variance components accounting for 68% of variation in pediatric hospital quality indicators. Rankings demonstrated greater within-hospital variation compared with between-hospital variation. We observed discordant rankings across commonly used summary measures and conclude that these pediatric safety measures demonstrate at least 2 underlying variance components.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the multifactorial nature of patient safety. This implies no unique ordering of hospitals based on these measures, and thus, no pediatric hospital can claim to be “the safest.” This raises further questions about appropriate methods to rank hospitals by safety.
Strength of Safety Measures Introduced by Medical Practices to Prevent a Recurrence of Patient Safety Incidents: An Observational Study
Authors: Müller Beate S. , Lüttel Dagmar , Schütze Dania , Blazejewski Tatjana , Pommée Marina , Müller Hardy , Rubin Katharina , Thomeczek Christian , Schadewitz Romy , Kintrup Andreas , Heuzeroth Reiner , Beyer Martin , Schwappach David , Hecker Ruth , Gerlach Ferdinand M. 
Published: December 2021

Objective
The aim of this study was to analyze the strength of safety measures described in incident reports in outpatient care.

Methods
An incident reporting project in German outpatient care included 184 medical practices with differing fields of specialization. The practices were invited to submit anonymous incident reports to the project team 3 times for 17 months. Using a 14-item coding scheme based on international recommendations, we deductively coded the incident reports and safety measures. Safety measures were classified as “strong” (likely to be effective and sustainable), “intermediate” (possibly effective and sustainable), or “weak” (less likely to be effective and sustainable).

Results
The practices submitted 245 incident reports. In 160 of them, 243 preventive measures were described, or an average of 1.5 per report. The number of documented measures varied from 1 in 67% to 4 in 5% of them. Four preventive measures (2%) were classified as strong, 37 (15%) as intermediate, and 202 (83%) as weak. The most frequently mentioned measures were “new procedure/policy” (n = 121) and “information/notification/warning” (n = 45).

Conclusions
The study provides examples of critical incidents in medical practices and for the first time examines the strength of ensuing measures introduced in outpatient care. Overall, the proportion of weak measures is (too) high, indicating that practices need more support in identifying strong measures.
Incidence and Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in HIV-Infected Individuals During the First Year of the Pandemic
Authors: Rial-Crestelo David , Bisbal Otilia , Font Rebeca , De Lagarde Maria , Pinto Adriana , Arce-García Octavio , Santacreu-Guerrero Mireia , Bermejo-Plaza Laura , Rubio Rafael , Pulido Federico 
Published: December 2021

Background:
We aim to investigate the infection rate, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19-disease in a cohort of people living with HIV in Madrid (Spain), during the first year of pandemics.

Setting:
Observational single-center study, in which we included all HIV-infected patients (aged ≥ 18 years) with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection as of February 28, 2021, at the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre.

Methods:
Confirmed disease was defined as any patient with a positive antigen test, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, or serology for SARS-CoV-2. We compared the characteristics of patients with mild disease (asymptomatic included) with those with moderate or severe disease (requiring admission).

Results:
Of 2344 HIV-infected patients, 158 (82.9% male; median age, 46.5 years) were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 (infection rate, 6.74%; 95% confidence interval, 5.79 to 7.83). Thirty-nine individuals (24.7%) had moderate or severe disease, 43.7% had mild disease, and 31.6% were asymptomatic. Hypertension (23.4%) and obesity (15.8%) were the most prevalent comorbidities; 12.7% had at least 2 comorbidities. One hundred forty-five patients (97.3%) had RNA-HIV viral load of <50 copies per milliliter, and only 3 had CD4 cell count of <200 cells per cubic millimeter before infection. Of those admitted to hospital, 59% required oxygen support and 15.4%, invasive mechanical ventilation. Five patients died. None of the patient taking tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate required admission. In the multivariate analysis, age remained as the only independent factor for moderate-severe disease (odds ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval 1.04 to 1.14; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
People living with HIV are at risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Age was the only variable with an independent association with moderate-severe disease, after adjusting by comorbidities and other factors.
Neocortical pyramidal neurons with axons emerging from dendrites are frequent in non-primates, but rare in monkey and human
Authors: Wahle Petra , Sobierajski Eric , Gasterstädt Ina , Lehmann Nadja , Weber Susanna , Lübke Joachim H.R. , Engelhardt Maren , Distler Claudia , Meyer Gundela 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe canonical view of neuronal function is that inputs are received by dendrites and somata, become integrated in the somatodendritic compartment and upon reaching a sufficient threshold, generate axonal output with axons emerging from the cell body. The latter is not necessarily the case. Instead, axons may originate from dendrites. The terms “axon carrying dendrite” (AcD) and “AcD neurons” have been coined to describe this feature. Here, we report on the diversity of axon origins in neocortical pyramidal cells. We found that in non-primates (rodent, cat, ferret, pig), 10-21% of pyramidal cells of layers II-VI had an AcD. In marked contrast, in macaque and human, this proportion was lower, and it was particularly low for supragranular neurons. Unexpectedly, pyramidal cells in the white matter of postnatal cat and aged human cortex exhibit AcDs to much higher percentages. In rodent hippocampus, AcD cells are functionally ‘privileged’, since inputs here can circumvent somatic integration and lead to immediate action potential initiation in the axon. Our findings expand the current knowledge regarding the distribution and proportion of AcD cells in neocortial regions of non-primate taxa, which strikingly differs from primates where these cells are mainly found in deeper layers and white matter.
Characterization of retinal development in 13-lined ground squirrels
Authors: Kandoi Sangeetha , Martinez Cassandra , Merriman Dana K. , Lamba Deepak A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeThe cone-dominant, 13-lined ground squirrel (13-LGS) retina mimics the human foveal region but retinal development in this useful rodent species has not been reported. Here, the embryonic and postnatal development of the 13-LGS retina was studied to further characterize the species as a practical alternative animal model for investigating cone-based vision in health and disease.MethodsThe spatiotemporal expression of key progenitor and cell type markers was examined in retinas from defined embryonic and postnatal stages using immunohistochemistry. Changes in the postnatal gene expression were also assessed by qPCR.ResultsThe 13-LGS neuroblastic layer expressed key progenitor markers (Sox2, Vsx2, Pax6, and Lhx2) at E18. Sequential cell fate determination evidenced by the first appearance of cell type-specific marker labeling was: at E18, ganglion cells (Brn-3A, HuC/D) and microglia (Iba1); at E24-25.5 shortly before birth, photoreceptor progenitor (Otx2, Recoverin), horizontal and amacrine cells (Lhx1, Oc1); and at P15, bipolar cells (Vsx1, CaBP5) and Müller glia cells (GS, Rlbp1). Photoreceptor maturation indicated by opsin+ outer segments and PNA labeling of cone sheaths was completed at the time of eye opening, P21-24.ConclusionsThe timeline and order of retinal cell development in the 13-LGS generally matches that recorded from other mammalian models but with a stark variation in the proportion of various cell types due to cone-dense photoreceptors. This provides a baseline for future examinations of developmental, disease model, and stem cell approach studies employing this emerging rodent model of human vision.