bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Centrizonal hepatocyte dropout in allograft liver biopsies: a clinicopathological study
Authors: Bosch Dustin E , Swanson Paul E , Yeh Matthew M 
Published: November 2021

AimsCentrizonal hepatocyte dropout has been described in diverse liver pathologies, including viral hepatitis, venous outflow obstruction, and allograft cellular rejection. However, its clinical significance remains uncertain.Methods and resultsWe designed a clinicopathological study of 206 allograft liver biopsies with centrizonal hepatocyte dropout. Centrizonal hepatocyte dropout was associated most frequently with cellular rejection (n = 62), asymptomatic/protocol biopsies (n = 56), immediate post‐transplantation biopsies (n = 21), biliary obstruction (n = 14), and viral hepatitis (n = 13). The differential diagnosis is informed by timing post‐transplantation, biliary imaging and laboratory test results. ‘Cholestatic’ and ‘hepatocytic’ laboratory patterns were associated with biliary obstruction and cellular rejection, respectively. A mixed pattern peaking after biopsy was observed in viral hepatitis cases. In the context of cellular rejection, dropout was not associated with the time interval to normalisation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), but was associated with shorter transplant‐free survival (hazard ratio 4, P = 0.01) than that of histological severity‐matched controls. In time zero allograft biopsies, time to ALT normalisation was prolonged (median, 15 versus 11 days, P = 0.002) in allografts with centrizonal dropout, with no effect on retransplant‐free survival.ConclusionsCentrizonal hepatocyte dropout has low clinicopathological diagnostic specificity. However, it correlates with adverse clinical outcomes in allograft cellular rejection and time zero biopsies.
Collective Memories of Shared Space and Experience in the Creation and Inhabitation of Virtual Studio
Authors: Nutter Digger , Payton Victoria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractArt and design students’ occupation and use of physical studio spaces have decreased and altered during the Covid 19 pandemic, and online learning spaces have become increasingly important. This case study explores the value of collective memories of shared space in the creation and inhabitation of online studio, using recalled narrative and thematic analysis to inform refinement of the virtual studio used during a unique year. Interior design practice is rooted in collective human interactions within the built environment. We describe the positive effect familiar layout and language have on interior design students' ability to engage effectively in online studio activities, thus enabling students to feel optimistic about the events they have experienced and highlight the effectiveness of the events. Feedback from students and staff provides insight into the influence of digital proxies for space, and the use of familiar language affects the perception of online studio. We conclude by testing our early findings, describing elements the student body found most supportive and propose how we may further expand this research to provide a basis for designing effective and engaging virtual studio spaces.
Staffing, teamwork and scope of practice: Analysis of the association with patient safety in the context of rehabilitation
Authors: Jomaa Carla , Dubois Carl‐Ardy , Caron Isabelle , Prud’Homme Alexandre 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsTo describe the organization of nursing services (staffing, scope of practice, teamwork) and its association with medication errors and falls, in rehabilitation units.BackgroundThe healthcare system is greatly impacted by the ageing population and the complexity of care associated with chronic diseases. It is therefore necessary to have enough staff who are using their full scope of practice and who are operating in a favourable working environment. However, these conditions are not always met, which can lead to threats to patient safety.DesignA correlational descriptive study.MethodsStaffing data and reported safety incidents were collected by shift from 01 October 2019 until 15 January 2020 in five rehabilitation units. In addition, a total of 75 nursing staff members responded to a missed care and teamwork survey. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed.ResultsThe mean staff hours per patient shift was 1.39 (SD = 0.60). The teams reported a global missed care score as ‘rarely missed’ at 1.14 (SD = 0.07) and a moderate teamwork score at 3.36 (SD = 0.58) on a five‐point scale. The safety incidents decreased 10‐fold with a predominance of bachelor compared with technician nurses and decreased by 67% when there was an increase of 1 h of care per patient shift.ConclusionsThis study showed that the organization of nursing services in the observed rehabilitation units is characterized by a moderate staffing intensity, a moderate perception of teamwork level and a relatively low level of missed care. It indicated the key role of the staffing in reducing the risk of occurrence of safety incidents. Future research specific to rehabilitation hospitals are greatly needed to improve patient outcomes in this setting.ImpactNurse Managers should consider all the aspects of the organization of nursing services (staffing, scope of practice and teamwork) in their efforts to improve patient safety in rehabilitation settings. A central finding of this study is that the staffing intensity, the proportion of bachelor prepared nurses and the proportion of agency staff were positively associated with a reduction of safety incidents.
Solving sampling bias problems in presence–absence or presence‐only species data using zero‐inflated models
Authors: Nolan Victoria , Gilbert Francis , Reader Tom 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimLarge databases of species records such as those generated through citizen science projects, archives or museum collections are being used with increasing frequency in species distribution modelling (SDM) for conservation and land management. Despite the broad spatial and temporal coverage of the data, its application is often limited by the issue of sampling bias and consequently, zero inflation; there are more zeros (which are potentially ‘false absences’) in the data than expected. Here, we demonstrate how pooling species presence data into a ‘pseudo‐abundance’ count can allow identification and removal of sampling bias through the use of zero‐inflated (ZI) models, and thus solve a common SDM problem.LocationAll locationsTaxonAll taxaMethodsWe present the results of a series of simulations based on hypothetical ecological scenarios of data collection using random and non‐random sampling strategies. Our simulations assume that the locations of occurrence records are known at a high spatial resolution, but that the absence of occurrence records may reflect under‐sampling. To simulate pooling of presence–absence or presence‐only data, we count occurrence records at intermediate and coarse spatial resolutions, and use ZI models to predict the counts (species abundance per grid cell) from environmental layers.ResultsZI models can successfully identify predictors of bias in species data and produce abundance prediction maps that are free from that bias. This phenomenon holds across multiple spatial scales, thereby presenting an advantage over presence‐only SDM methods such as binomial GLMs or MaxEnt, where information about species density is lost, and model performance declines at coarser scales.Main ConclusionsOur results highlight the value of converting presence–absence or presence‐only species data to ‘pseudo‐abundance’ and using ZI models to address the problem of sampling bias. This method has huge potential for ecological researchers when using large species datasets for research and conservation.
Cannabis Use in Pregnancy: A State of the Science Review
Authors: Gesterling Lisa , Bradford Heather 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith a growing number of states legalizing recreational use, cannabis consumption during pregnancy is increasing. Population‐based data and rigorous studies examining the association of cannabis use in pregnancy with perinatal outcomes are limited, but trends include preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, placenta previa, and an increased length of hospital stay. Neonates of pregnant persons who used cannabis during their pregnancy can be at increased risk of low birth weight, preterm birth, neonatal intensive care unit admission, neurocognitive deficits, and infectious and neurologic morbidity and mortality. This state of the science review examines the prevalence of cannabis use in pregnancy, its pharmacodynamics and how that is influenced by pregnancy, and associated adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Implications for health care providers caring for pregnant persons using cannabis, especially in legalized states, are discussed.
Neuroendocrine underpinning of social recognition in males and females
Authors: Aspesi Dario , Choleris Elena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSocial recognition is an essential skill for the expression of appropriate behaviors towards conspecifics in most social species. Several studies point to oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) as key mediators of social recognition in males and females. However, sex differences in social cognitive behaviors highlight an important interplay between OT, AVP and the sex steroids. Estrogens facilitate social recognition by regulating OT action in the hypothalamus and that of OT receptor in the medial amygdala. The role of OT in these brain regions appears to be essential for social recognition in both males and females. Conversely, social recognition in male rats and mice is more dependent on AVP release in the lateral septum than in females. The AVP system comprises a series of highly sexually dimorphic brain nuclei, including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the amygdala and the lateral septum. Various studies suggest that testosterone and its metabolites, including estradiol, influence social recognition in males by modulating the activity of the AVP at V1a receptor. Intriguingly, both estrogens and androgens can affect social recognition very rapidly, through non‐genomic mechanisms. In addition, the androgen metabolites, namely 3α‐diol and 3β‐diol, may also have an impact on social behaviors either by interacting with the estrogen receptors or through other mechanisms. Overall, the regulation of OT and AVP by sex steroids fine tunes social recognition and the behaviors that depend upon it (e.g., social bond, hierarchical organization, aggression) in a sex‐dependent manner. Elucidating the sex‐dependent interaction between sex steroids and neuroendocrine systems is essential for understanding sex differences in the normal and abnormal expression of social behaviors.
A mathematical algorithm of the facial symmetry plane: Application to mandibular deformity 3D facial data
Authors: Zhu Yujia , Fu Xiangling , Zhang Lei , Zheng Shengwen , Wen Aonan , Xiao Ning , Wang Yong , Zhao Yijiao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe three‐dimensional (3D) symmetry reference plane (SRP) is the premise and basis of 3D facial symmetry analysis. Currently, most methods for extracting the SRP are based on anatomical landmarks measured manually using a digital 3D facial model. However, as different clinicians have varying definitions of landmarks, establishing common methods suitable for different types of facial asymmetry remains challenging. The present study aimed to investigate and evaluate a novel mathematical algorithm based on power function weighted Procrustes analysis (PWPA) to determine 3D facial SRPs for patients with mandibular deviation. From 30 patients with mandibular deviation, 3D facial SRPs were determined using both our PWPA algorithms (two functions) and the traditional PA algorithm (experimental groups). A reference plane, defined by experts, was considered the ‘truth plane’. The ‘position error’ index of mirrored landmarks was created to quantitatively evaluate the difference among the PWPA SRPs and the truth plane, including overall differences and regional differences of the face (upper, middle and lower). The ‘angle error’ values between the SRPs and the truth plane in the experimental groups were also evaluated in this study. Statistics and measurement analyses were used to comprehensively evaluate the clinical suitability of the PWPA algorithms to construct the SRP. The average angle error values between the PWPA SRPs of the two functions and the truth plane were 1.21 ± 0.65° and 1.18 ± 0.62°, which were smaller than those between the PA SRP and the truth plane. The position error values of mirrored landmarks constructed using the PWPA algorithms for the whole face and for each facial partition were lower than those constructed using the PA algorithm. In conclusion, for patients with mandibular deviation, this novel mathematical algorithm provided a more suitable SRP for their 3D facial model, which achieved a result approaching the true effect of experts.
Fetal cardiac alterations in the late‐onset growth‐restricted fetuses: A prospective case–control study
Authors: Turkyilmaz Gurcan , Turkyilmaz Sebnem , Uygur Lutfiye 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimFetal growth restriction (FGR) has significant consequences on cardiac functions. This study aims to evaluate cardiac functional parameters in late‐onset (FGR) fetuses and compare those appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses.Material and MethodsFifty‐six singleton pregnancies were involved in this prospective case–control study. Delphi consensus was used to define late‐onset FGR. We compared the E/A ratio, left myocardial performance index (MPI) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in late‐onset FGR cases and gestational age‐matched AGA fetuses.ResultsTwenty‐eight late‐onset FGR and 28 AGA fetuses were enrolled. The mean gestational age in the late‐onset FGR group was 34.1 ± 2.3 weeks and 34.4 ± 2.1 in controls. The E/A ratio was 0.88 ± 0.09 in AGA fetuses, 0.79 ± 0.11 in the late‐onset FGR group, and significantly lower in late‐onset FGR fetuses (p: 0.012). Left MPI was 0.51 ± 0.09 in AGA and 0.62 ± 0.11 in the late‐onset FGR group. Left MPI was markedly higher in late‐onset FGR fetuses (p: 0.024). TAPSE was 7.4 ± 2.9 mm in controls and 5.2 ± 1.8 in the late‐onset FGR group, and it was significantly shorter in the late‐onset FGR fetuses (p: 0.016).ConclusionLate‐onset FGR is associated with cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Fetal echocardiography may be beneficial to detect those subtle cardiac changes.
High Self‐Deceivers Internalize Self‐Presentation of Extraversion Through Biased Evaluation of Their Performance1
Authors: Ueda Sasuke , Yamagata Shinji , Kiyokawa Sachiko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examined whether high self‐deceivers form their overly positive perception of their traits through overestimating their performance of self‐presentation where they need to impress others as being extraverted/introverted, exhibiting more internalization of self‐presentation (IOSP) of the trait. Participants were instructed to give either an extraverted or introverted impression through an oral (Study 1, N = 39) or written (Study 2, N = 62) self‐presentation. Participants reported dispositional self‐deception, self‐presentation efficacy, and extraversion before and after self‐presentation. Independent raters provided other‐reported extraversion by examining the self‐presentation. Across the two studies, two‐way mixed ANOVA revealed that predicted change in extraversion occurred only for participants who made extraverted self‐presentation. With the change in extraversion as an index of IOSP, mediation analyses revealed indirect effects of dispositional self‐deception on IOSP via self‐presentation efficacy but not other‐reported extraversion. These results suggested that (a) people only internalize socially desirable traits like extraversion but not introversion, (b) writing to others is sufficient to cause IOSP, and (c) high self‐deceivers internalize extraverted self‐presentation not through actual performance but its subjective evaluation.
Increased clearance of indoxyl sulphate in renal failure rats with the addition of water‐soluble poly‐β‐cyclodextrin to the dialysate
Authors: Liu Shuxin , Jia Lingyun , Xiao Jia , Li Jingyu , Mei Fangfang , Zhou Jianan , Han Lulu , Li Lin , Shan Jing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimIndoxyl sulphate (IS), a protein‐bound uremic toxin that dramatically increases in the sera of patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), is poorly removed by conventional haemodialysis (HD). The purpose of this study was to explore whether the addition of water‐soluble sorbent poly‐β‐cyclodextrins (PCDs) to dialysate can increase the clearance of IS in uremic rats in vivo.MethodsMale SD rats (450‐550 g, n = 18) with nephrectomy plus IS injection (10‐mg/kg) were randomly divided into three groups: 1. The HD group (n = 6): conventional HD for 4 h; 2. the 2% PCD group: 2% PCD added to the dialysate, HD for 4 h; and 3. the 4% PCD group: 4% PCD added to the dialysate, HD for 4 h. The serum IS levels in model rats were similar to those of ESRD patients. A stable and safe rat HD treatment mode was established by adjusting the vascular access, blood flow rate, dialysate flow rate, dialysis pipe, dialysate configuration, temperature, treatment environment, and other aspects.ResultsOur study found that adding 2% PCD to dialysate significantly improved the clearance of IS approximately twofold compared with conventional HD. Further increasing the PCD concentration to 4% did not increase IS clearance.ConclusionTherefore, our study showed that adding water‐soluble sorbent PCDs to dialysate significantly improved the clearance of IS in uremic rats in vivo.
Resilience of seagrass populations to thermal stress does not reflect regional differences in ocean climate
Authors: Bennett Scott , Alcoverro Teresa , Kletou Demetris , Antoniou Charalampos , Boada Jordi , Buñuel Xavier , Cucala Lidia , Jorda Gabriel , Kleitou Periklis , Roca Guillem , Santana‐Garcon Julia , Savva Ioannis , Vergés Adriana , Marbà Núria 
Published: November 2021

Summary

The prevalence of local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity among populations is critical to accurately predicting when and where climate change impacts will occur. Currently, comparisons of thermal performance between populations are untested for most marine species or overlooked by models predicting the thermal sensitivity of species to extirpation.

Here we compared the ecological response and recovery of seagrass populations (Posidonia oceanica) to thermal stress throughout a year‐long translocation experiment across a 2800‐km gradient in ocean climate. Transplants in central and warm‐edge locations experienced temperatures > 29°C, representing thermal anomalies > 5°C above long‐term maxima for cool‐edge populations, 1.5°C for central and < 1°C for warm‐edge populations.

Cool‐edge, central and warm‐edge populations differed in thermal performance when grown under common conditions, but patterns contrasted with expectations based on thermal geography. Cool‐edge populations did not differ from warm‐edge populations under common conditions and performed significantly better than central populations in growth and survival.

Our findings reveal that thermal performance does not necessarily reflect the thermal geography of a species. We demonstrate that warm‐edge populations can be less sensitive to thermal stress than cooler, central populations suggesting that Mediterranean seagrasses have greater resilience to warming than current paradigms suggest.
Risk Factors for Dysphagia after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with the Zero‐P implant system: A Study with Minimum of 2 Years Follow‐up
Authors: Xue Rong , Ji Zhu‐yong , Cheng Xing‐dong , Zhang Zhu‐qiu , Zhang Feng 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk factors for dysphagia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with the Zero‐P Implant System by multidimensional analysis and investigated the predictive values of these risk factors for dysphagia.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 260 patients who underwent ACDF with the Zero‐P Implant System and had at least 2 year of follow‐up were performed. All patients were divided into a non‐dysphagia group and a dysphagia group. Sex, age, body mass index (BMI), intraoperative time, estimated blood loss, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, prevertebral soft‐tissue thickness, the levels of surgery, O‐C2 angle, C2–7 angle, T1 slope and segmental angle were analyzed. The Modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system was used to determine functional status. NDI was used to evaluate neck pain and disability. The Bazaz grading system was chosen to evaluate dysphagia after surgery. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, infection, and dysphagia were recorded in both groups. An independent t‐test was used to compare quantitative variables, a chi‐square test was used to compare qualitative data between the two groups. To eliminate the influence of confounding factors, logistic regression was performed for multifactor regression of factors. The results were regarded as significant when the P‐values were less than 0.05 in this study.ResultsIn total, the non‐dysphagia group comprised 70 patients and the dysphagia group comprised 190 patients, with an average age of 58.33 ± 4.68 years (ranging, 42–82 years). These patients were followed up for 28.5 ± 3.5 months (range, 24–32 months). For clinical outcomes, both groups demonstrated significant improvement in the NDI and JOA scores (P < 0.001). According to the Bazaz dysphagia grading system, mild, moderate, and severe dysphagia were found in 50, 17, and 3 patients, respectively. In total, 37.1% (n = 26) had resolved by 3 month, 38.6% (n = 27) by 6 months, and 17.1% (n = 12) by 12 months. Chi‐square test results indicated that number of operated levels, operation time dT1 slope, dO‐C2 angle, dC2–7 angle, segmental angle and dPSTT were associated with a high incidence of dysphagia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that number of operated levels, operation time, dC2–7 angle and dPSTT were significantly associated with postoperative dysphagia.ConclusionsMore operated levels, more operation time, more dC2–7 angle and dPSTT were the risk factors for postoperative dysphagia. In additional, sufficient preoperative preparation, evaluation combined with proficient and precise surgical treatment were suggested to reduce the incidence of postoperative dysphagia when ACDF was performed.