bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specifying links between infants' theory of mind, associative learning, and selective trust
Authors: Crivello Cristina , Grossman Shawna , Poulin‐Dubois Diane 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe psychological mechanisms underlying infants' selective social learning are currently a subject of controversy. The main goal of the present study was to contribute data to this debate by investigating whether domain‐specific or domain‐general abilities guide infants' selectivity. Eighteen‐month‐olds observed a reliable and an unreliable speaker, and then completed a forced‐choice word learning paradigm, two theory of mind tasks, and an associative learning task. Results revealed that infants showed sensitivity to the verbal competence of the speaker. Additionally, infants with superior knowledge inference abilities were less likely to learn from the unreliable speaker. No link was observed between selective social learning and associative learning skills. These results replicate and extend previous findings demonstrating that socio‐cognitive abilities are linked to infants' selective social learning.
On the scope and nature ofMaximise Presupposition
Authors: Bade Nadine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe paper introduces the principle Maximise Presupposition and its cognates. The main focus of the literature and this article is on the inferences that arise as a result of reasoning with Maximise Presupposition (‘anti‐presuppositions’). I will review the arguments put forward for distinguishing them from other inference types, most notably presuppositions and conversational implicatures. I will zoom in on three main issues regarding Maximise Presupposition and these inferences critically discussed in the literature: epistemic strength(ening), projection, and the role of alternatives. I will discuss more recent views which argue for either a uniform treatment of anti‐presuppositions and implicatures and/or a revision of the original principle in light of new data and developments in pragmatics.
Infinite time blow‐up of solutions to a class of wave equations with weak and strong damping terms and logarithmic nonlinearity
Authors: Ding Hang , Wang Renhai , Zhou Jun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the infinite time blow‐up of solutions with arbitrary high initial energy to wave equations with weak damping term, strong damping term, and logarithmic nonlinearity. This problem has been studied previously with the assumptions that there is no strong damping term and the initial displacement and initial velocity have the same sign. However, from the physical point of view, it is obvious that the initial displacement and initial velocity may have different signs, and it is very necessary to consider the effects of the strong damping term. For example, the strong damping term indicates that the stress is not only proportional to the strain as with the Hooke law, but also proportional to the strain rate as in a linearized Kelvin–Voigt material. In this paper, by providing a completely different method from previous studies, we show that the solutions may blow up at infinity with arbitrary high initial energy when the model involves the strong damping term and the initial displacement and initial velocity may have different signs. Moreover, in this paper, we prove for the first time how to extend the solution over time (the whole half line) in studying the infinite time blow‐up phenomena for hyperbolic equations with logarithmic nonlinearity. These results fill in the gaps in previous studies on this type of models.
Validity of Force–Velocity Profiling Assessed With a Pneumatic Leg Press Device
Authors: Lindberg Kolbjørn , Eythorsdottir Ingrid , Solberg Paul , Gløersen Øyvind , Seynnes Olivier , Bjørnsen Thomas , Paulsen Gøran 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the concurrent validity of force–velocity (FV) variables assessed across 5 Keiser leg press devices. Methods: A linear encoder and 2 independent force plates (MuscleLab devices) were mounted on each of the 5 leg press devices. A total of 997 leg press executions, covering a wide range of forces and velocities, were performed by 14 participants (29 [7] y, 181 [5] cm, 82 [8] kg) across the 5 devices. Average and peak force, velocity, and power values were collected simultaneously from the Keiser and MuscleLab devices for each repetition. Individual FV profiles were fitted to each participant from peak and average force and velocity measurements. Theoretical maximal force, velocity, and power were deduced from the FV relationship. Results: Average and peak force and velocity had a coefficient of variation of 1.5% to 8.6%, near-perfect correlations (.994–.999), and a systematic bias of 0.7% to 7.1% when compared with reference measurements. Average and peak power showed larger coefficient of variations (11.6% and 17.2%), despite excellent correlations (.977 and .952), and trivial to small biases (3.9% and 8.4%). Extrapolated FV variables showed near-perfect correlations (.983–.997) with trivial to small biases (1.4%–11.2%) and a coefficient of variation of 1.4% to 5.9%. Conclusions: The Keiser leg press device can obtain valid measurements over a wide range of forces and velocities across different devices. To accurately measure power, theoretical maximal power calculated from the FV profile is recommended over average and peak power values from single repetitions, due to the lower random error observed for theoretical maximal power.
Importance of duration of acute kidney injury after severe trauma: a cohort study
Authors: Hatton Gabrielle E , Harvin John A , Wade Charles E , Kao Lillian S 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is common after severe trauma. AKI incidence and AKI stage have previously been shown to be associated with poor outcomes after trauma. However, AKI duration may also be important for outcomes after trauma, given that it is associated with long-term morbidity and mortality in general intensive care unit (ICU) and hospitalized patients. We hypothesized that duration of AKI is independently associated with poor outcomes after trauma.MethodsA cohort study was conducted at a single, level 1 trauma center. Patients admitted to the ICU between 2009 and 2018 were included. Data were extracted from the trauma registry and electronic medical records. AKI within 7 days from presentation was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. Multivariable analyses were performed to assess the association between AKI incidence, AKI stage, and AKI duration with outcomes including prolonged ICU and hospital length of stay, discharge to home, and mortality.ResultsOf 7049 patients included, 72% were male, the median age was 41 years (IQR 27–58), and 10% died. The AKI incidence was 45%, with 69% of these patients presenting with AKI on arrival. The majority (73%) of patients who suffered AKI recovered within 2 days. After adjustment in separate models, AKI incidence, AKI stage and AKI duration were each associated with prolonged hospitalization, an unfavorable discharge disposition, and mortality. AKI stage and duration were not used in the same model due to collinearity.ConclusionsPost-traumatic AKI was common on arrival and frequently short lasting. Duration correlated with highest AKI stage, and both were separately associated with prolonged hospitalization, discharge destination other than home, and mortality on adjusted analyses. Given the high incidence of AKI on arrival, stage or duration may be better targets for future interventions and quality improvement initiatives to improve outcomes after post-traumatic AKI.Level of evidenceIII. Prognostic.
Where to go when all options are terrible: ranging behavior of brown-throated three-toed sloths (Bradypus variegatus) in central Amazonian flooded igapó forests
Authors: Castro-Sa Matheus J. , Dias-Silva Renann H.P. , Barnett Adrian A. 
Published: May 2021

Ranging behaviors performed by animals are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. For herbivorous mammals, seasonality in forage production is considered to be the main driver of movement patterns. Here, we investigated the home range and movement of one of the most abundant herbivores in the Americas and their relationship with plant phenology in an Amazon igapó — a seasonally flooded riverine forest with strongly pulsed leaf production phenology. Using a combination of telemetry and phenological analysis, the study recorded movement patterns of five brown-throated three-toed sloths (Bradypus variegatus Schinz, 1825) over a 6-month period and related these to seasonal and within-forest differences in food availability through monitoring young leaf production of 570 trees. All monitored animals were shown to be permanently resident within the igapó flooded forest, maintaining their home range even during flood periods when most trees lacked leaves. We found that seasonal variation in leaf production had no effect on the extent of displacement of the sloths. Accordingly, for herbivores with low metabolism, variation in young leaf availability may not be the main driver of their ranging behavior. In addition, an arboreal habit and well-developed swimming capacity allow igapó sloths to occupy a niche ecologically inaccessible to other mammals.
Novel and Highly Potent ATR Inhibitor M4344 Kills Cancer Cells With Replication Stress, and Enhances the Chemotherapeutic Activity of Widely Used DNA Damaging Agents
Authors: Jo Ukhyun , Senatorov Ilya S. , Zimmermann Astrid , Saha Liton Kumar , Murai Yasuhisa , Kim Se Hyun , Rajapakse Vinodh N. , Elloumi Fathi , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Schultz Christopher W. , Thomas Anish , Zenke Frank T. , Pommier Yves 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Although several ATR inhibitors are in development, there are unresolved questions regarding their differential potency, molecular signatures of patients with cancer for predicting activity, and most effective therapeutic combinations. Here, we elucidate how to improve ATR-based chemotherapy with the newly developed ATR inhibitor, M4344 using in vitro and in vivo models. The potency of M4344 was compared with the clinically developed ATR inhibitors BAY1895344, berzosertib, and ceralasertib. The anticancer activity of M4344 was investigated as monotherapy and combination with clinical DNA damaging agents in multiple cancer cell lines, patient-derived tumor organoids, and mouse xenograft models. We also elucidated the anticancer mechanisms and potential biomarkers for M4344. We demonstrate that M4344 is highly potent among the clinically developed ATR inhibitors. Replication stress (RepStress) and neuroendocrine (NE) gene expression signatures are significantly associated with a response to M4344 treatment. M4344 kills cancer cells by inducing cellular catastrophe and DNA damage. M4344 is highly synergistic with a broad range of DNA-targeting anticancer agents. It significantly synergizes with topotecan and irinotecan in patient-derived tumor organoids and xenograft models. Taken together, M4344 is a promising and highly potent ATR inhibitor. It enhances the activity of clinical DNA damaging agents commonly used in cancer treatment including topoisomerase inhibitors, gemcitabine, cisplatin, and talazoparib. RepStress and NE gene expression signatures can be exploited as predictive markers for M4344.
p53 Frameshift Mutations Couple Loss-of-Function with Unique Neomorphic Activities
Authors: Tong David R. , Zhou Wen , Katz Chen , Regunath Kausik , Venkatesh Divya , Ihuegbu Chinyere , Manfredi James J. , Laptenko Oleg , Prives Carol 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

p53 mutations that result in loss of transcriptional activity are commonly found in numerous types of cancer. While the majority of these are missense mutations that map within the central DNA-binding domain, truncations and/or frameshift mutations can also occur due to various nucleotide substitutions, insertions, or deletions. These changes result in mRNAs containing premature stop codons that are translated into a diverse group of C-terminally truncated proteins. Here we characterized three p53 frameshift mutant proteins expressed from the endogenous TP53 locus in U2OS osteosarcoma and HCT116 colorectal cancer cell lines. These mutants retain intact DNA-binding domains but display altered oligomerization properties. Despite their abnormally high expression levels, they are mostly transcriptionally inactive and unable to initiate a stimuli-induced transcriptional program characteristic of wild-type p53. However, one of these variant p53 proteins, I332fs*14, which resembles naturally expressed TAp53 isoforms β and γ, retains some residual antiproliferative activity and can induce cellular senescence in HCT116 cells. Cells expressing this mutant also display decreased motility in migration assays. Hence, this p53 variant exhibits a combination of loss-of-gain and gain-of-function characteristics, distinguishing it from both wild type p53 and p53 loss.

Implications:
p53 frameshift mutants display a mixture of residual antiproliferative and neomorphic functions that may be differentially exploited for targeted therapy.
The Comparison of Role Conflict Among Registered Nurses and Registered Practical Nurses Working in Acute Care Hospitals in Ontario Canada
Authors: Nowrouzi-Kia Behdin , Fox Mary T. , Sidani Souraya , Dahlke Sherry , Tregunno Deborah 
Published: May 2021

Objectives The study aimed to describe and compare nurses’ perceptions of role conflict by professional designation [registered nurse (RN) vs registered practical nurse (RPN)] in three primary areas of practice (emergency department, medical unit, and surgical unit). Methods This analysis used data (n = 1,981) from a large cross-sectional survey of a random sample of RNs and RPNs working as staff nurses in acute care hospitals in Ontario, Canada. Role conflict was measured by the Role Conflict Scale. Results A total of 1,981 participants (RN = 1,427, RPN = 554) met this study’s eligibility criteria and provided complete data. In general, RN and RPN mean total scale scores on role conflict hovered around the scale’s mid-point (2.72 to 3.22); however, RNs reported a higher mean score than RPNs in the emergency department (3.22 vs. 2.81), medical unit (2.95 vs 2.81) and surgical unit (2.90 vs 2.72). Where statistically significant differences were found, the effect sizes were negligible to medium in magnitude with the largest differences noted between RNs and RPNs working in the emergency department. Conclusions The results suggest the need to implement strategies that diminish role conflict for both RNs and RPNs.
Long-term Exercise After Pulmonary Rehabilitation (LEAP): a pilot randomised controlled trial of Tai Chi in COPD
Authors: Moy Marilyn L. , Wayne Peter M. , Litrownik Daniel , Beach Douglas , Klings Elizabeth S. , Davis Roger B. , Pinheiro Adlin , Yeh Gloria Y. 
Published: May 2021

Mind–body modalities are promising strategies to maintain the benefits gained after completion of conventional pulmonary rehabilitation in persons with COPD.In this pilot randomised controlled study we examined Tai Chi in persons with COPD after completing pulmonary rehabilitation. Participants were randomised 2:2:1 to Tai Chi (TC), usual care (UC) or group walking (GW) for 24 weeks. We assessed feasibility; primary outcome was exercise capacity measured by 6-min walk test (6MWT) distance at 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life measured by Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ), dyspnoea, mood, stress, social support, self-efficacy, physical activity and exercise engagement. Effect size estimates and estimates from generalised estimating equations were calculated.Ninety-one persons (36 TC, 37 UC, 18 GW) were enrolled, with mean age 69±6 years, 59% male, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted (FEV1% pred) 48±19%. There was no difference in adherence and adverse events between groups. There was a small between-group effect size (ES=0.25) in change in 6MWT distance favouring TC compared to UC; 24-week comparison was nonsignificant (p=0.10). There were no differences in secondary outcomes. In exploratory analyses, there was a greater percentage of participants in TC who improved 6MWT distance at 24 weeks, compared to UC, 64%versus39%, p=0.05. There were higher percentages of participants in TC who improved CRQ Fatigue (59%versus31%, p=0.02) and CRQ Mastery (47%versus20%, p=0.01) domain scores, compared to UC. For GW, there were no differences compared with TC.Tai Chi may be a feasible option to maintain the benefits gained after completing conventional pulmonary rehabilitation.
Mortality from Parkinson’s disease and other causes among a workforce manufacturing paraquat: an updated retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tomenson John Andrew , Campbell Clive 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Epidemiological studies of the association between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and paraquat (PQ) exposure have given inconsistent findings. The aim of the study was to update information on the risk of PD and mortality from major causes of death among a UK workforce who manufactured PQ by extending the follow-up by seven and a half years.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included all employees who had ever worked on any of the four plants at Widnes, UK where PQ was manufactured between 1961 and 1995. The 926 male and 42 female workers were followed through 31 December 2017. Mortalities for males were compared with national and local rates, including rates for PD as a mentioned cause of death.

Results
A total of 394 male and 21 female workers had died by end of follow-up. Four death certificates of male workers mentioned PD, including two deaths that were due to PD. At least 6 death certificates of male employees would have been expected to have mentioned PD (SMR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.18–1.72). Reduced mortalities compared with local rates were found for major causes of death.

Conclusions
The study provided no evidence of an increased risk of PD, or increased mortalities from other causes among PQ production workers whose exposure to PQ on a daily basis was at least comparable to that of a PQ sprayer or mixer/loader.
Implementing circular economy concept by converting cassava pulp and wastewater to biogas for sustainable production in starch industry
Authors: Lerdlattaporn Ruenrom , Phalakornkule Chantaraporn , Trakulvichean Sivalee , Songkasiri Warinthorn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdoption of the circular economy concept to utilize wastes and by-products from the cassava starch industry for biogas production has been considered a viable option. The annual generation of wastewater and cassava pulp in Thailand is reported to be approximately 21 million m3 and 9.5 Mt, respectively. This research therefore aimed to analyze the key drivers and challenges in implementing the circular economy concept in the cassava starch industry in order to generate higher demand for biogas systems, increase the energy security and resource efficiency, and combat the environmental problems associated with cassava wastes. The following three scenarios were analyzed in this study: (1) a factory without integrated biogas system, (2) a factory with integrated biogas installation using wastewater as a raw material, and (3) a factory with biogas system using both wastewater and cassava pulp as raw materials. The assessment of economic feasibility, resource efficiency, water recovery, land use, and global warming potential was performed to compare different scenarios. This study found that Scenario 3 generated the highest net present value and the shortest payback period of 6.14 million USD and 4.37 yr, respectively, for the 10-yr operational period. Moreover, Scenario 3 had the highest resource efficiency and water recovery with the lowest land use (1.89 × 105 m2 at 5 × 105 kg of starch d− 1) and the lowest global warming potential (0.14 kg CO2eq kg− 1 of starch).
Increasing wavelength-controlled steering range of an optical phased
array by using two subarrays
Authors: Wang Qing , Wang Shuxiao , Jia Lianxi , Cai Yan , Yue Wencheng , Yu Mingbin 
Published: May 2021

We demonstrate an optical phased array that consists of two subarrays based on the silicon on insulator (SOI) platform, each subarray including 16 independent channels. The demonstrated field of view of the optical phased array is

36.6
∘

×

32.6
∘

with a spot size of

1.68
∘

×

0.0673
∘

. A steering range of 32.6° is achieved by combining two subarrays with different periods and tuning the wavelength from 1500 nm to 1600 nm. In another dimension, the steering is realized by introducing phase differences between channels.
Optical sensing based on multimode Fano resonances in metal-insulator-metal waveguide systems with X-shaped resonant cavities
Authors: Li Jina , Chen Jianfeng , Liu Xing , Tian He , Wang Jinfang , Cui Jingang , Rohimah Siti 
Published: May 2021

A plasmonic metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide system is proposed, which is composed of a symmetrical X-shaped resonant cavity and a bus waveguide with a baffle, and its Fano resonance and optical sensing characteristics are investigated by using the finite element method (FEM). The results show that the system allows easy implementation of up to four Fano resonances, and the maximum refractive index sensitivity and figure of merit are 1303 nm/RIU and 3113, respectively. The influences of the geometric parameters of the system on the Fano resonances are also investigated, and further the independent adjustments of the Fano resonance line shape and wavelength are realized. Moreover, when an additional X-shaped resonant cavity is added to the system, more ultrasharp Fano resonances with considerable performances are obtained, which may enhance the parallel processing capability of the system. The proposed plasmonic MIM waveguide system may have potential applications in integrated photonic devices and nanoscale optical sensing.