bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Does Ceta Bring to Organic Production?
Authors: Stipešević Bojan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Even though eco-production is based on principles brought by IFOAM (International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements), the standards which were brought in by the national and supranational governments may differentiate in parts of regulation. The mutual recognition/equivalence of eco-standards of the EU (»EU-eco« label, based on regulation of the European Commission EZ 834/2007: 139-and EZ 889/2008: 173-256, and other regulations derived from them) and Canada (»Canada organic« label, based on valid Canadian eco-standards, regulation CAN/CGSB-32.310-2015: 53 and CAN/CGSB-32.311-2015: 75) has been present for multiple years and has been re-evaluated and confirmed in 2015 as a successful practice in the increase of access to an expanded market for producers, increase of selection for consumers and lightening the regulatory cooperation. Before mutual recognition exported eco-product from Canada to the EU (and vice-versa) had to go through recertification, which created additional expenses for exporting eco-producers (10 thousand dollars per year, on average). This process mostly resulted in an increased price of eco-products for the end consumer. In some areas the Canadian eco-regulation is stricter than the EU one, while in other it is vice versa. Some markings can mislead the consumer, especially the one who does not read the product declaration where such misgivings are clearly visible and marked. The greatest challenge for eco-production in the EU is the increase in demand for eco-products with such a speed that EU farmers cannot satisfy it, which inevitably leads to an increase of import from non-EU countries. Therefore, the help of EU governments is essential in the form of support for farmers who decide to transition into eco-production. Certain estimates say that the CETA could mean a loss of a great number of producers (estimating that it could be several thousand workplaces in agriculture across the EU). A similar agreement between the US and Mexico already led to a loss of workplace for 2 million people in Mexico in the midst of inability to compete with the industrial production of the US. The greatest fear present in eco-production is that the international agricultural businesses can force national and supranational governments to lower standards by using lawsuits, which can consequentially result in lower standards in eco-production on both sides of the Atlantic and influence the environment. It is not based on the scientific/expert arguments which governs the ecological agriculture, but a pure race for profit. Therefore, it can be expected that, once again, »greed overcomes reason«. Nevertheless, the high set »bar« of eco-production »from both sides of the pond« is the best »defence« against the fear that CETA will bring any novelties into the life of eco-producers.
The Visegrad Group countries: The United Arab Emirates Perspective
Authors: Krzymowski Adam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This manuscript analyses the role and importance of cooperation between the Visegrad Group (V4) countries and the most globally active member of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which is the United Arab Emirates. In view of the V4+ concept implemented with partners from the Middle East, Israel or Egypt, the presented analysis is important and meets the lack of this element in the scientific debate. This study is based on empirical research and its findings are the result of not only observation but also 10 years of direct participation of the author in many activities related to the cooperation of the Visegrad Group countries and the UAE, including as ambassador, senior advisor to Dubai Expo 2020, especially responsible for strategies and dynamisation relations between Central and Eastern Europe (except Poland) and the United Arab Emirates. According to the author’s opinion, presented in the conclusion, there is now a huge opportunity to present V4 projects, including as a part of the broader strategy of the Three Seas Initiative (3SI) during World Expo Dubai, which will take place from October 2021 to March 2022, and make this initiative a globally recognizable project. However, coordinating and accelerating joint actions is required.
Central Europe between the Great Powers: contemporary foreign-policy orientation
Authors: Ušiak Jaroslav , Klačko Ľubomír , Šostáková Ivana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The main aim of this this study was to highlight the relations between the Central European countries (Slovakia, Czechia, Poland and Hungary) and the two great powers—the United States and the Russian Federation. We examined the importance of this region from a geopolitical perspective, analysing the relations between the Central European countries and the great powers through two of their critical manifestations: military bases and energy security. The selection of these themes was justified by the frequent centralisation of the abovementioned topics in political discussions and their role in underpinning the securitisation of political leaders. The analysis of government strategy papers, and politicians’ statements and press releases, which included the views of three international relations experts, revealed diverse interstate relations. Each of the four Central European countries claims to be a responsible and reliable member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization; however, not all of them place the same emphasis on this partnership. Regarding the energy sector, we came to the same conclusion. The countries declare their independence, but the RF continues to have a significant or dominant influence. The geographical position of the four surveyed countries is probably an important factor in this situation and the great powers generally adapt their foreign policy towards them accordingly, as evidenced by the selected topics. The results of the analyses confirmed the importance of this region from a geopolitical perspective.
Paul’s Apologia in 1 Corinthians 1-4 and the Concept of Paterfamilias
Authors: Mihăilă Corin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In Paul’s argument against dissensions, Paul is said to have tried to regain his authority before the Corinthians. The first rhetorical unit is thus seen as an apologia. In his argument, he seemingly uses the concept of paterfamilias known to have evoked power and control. However, such a proposal neglects the fact that Paul’s argument is against exactly such type of discourse in which one seeks to elevate one teacher against another. Rather, in the use of the concept of paterfamilias we should see Paul redefining the concept and filling it with affection.
Personal wellbeing and stress coping strategies among nurses working at the departments of anesthesiology and intensive care
Authors: Dimunová Lucia , Bérešová Anna , Kristová Jarmila , Mohnyánszki Ferdinand , Michalková Jana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Aim. To investigate the personal wellbeing of nurses in relation to selected variables. Then to explore whether personal wellbeing has any impact on preference for stress coping strategies.

Material and methods. The sample consisted of 509 nurses working at the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Medicine. We used the Personal Wellbeing Index – Adult (PWI – A) scale and coping strategies (Brief COPE) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the methods of descriptive and inductive statistics.

Results. Subjective perception of personal wellbeing was assessed at the score 60-70% (60.85; SD±12.47). The research revealed that age and marital status had no significant impact on wellbeing in contrast to the length of work experience and education level. The lowest scores of personal wellbeing among nurses were detected in connection with their concerns regarding their future security. Nurses utilized both adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies. The study pinpointed the connection between coping strategies and personal wellbeing, in particular, in the domain of satisfaction with personal relationships and satisfaction with community connectedness.

Conclusions. Monitoring the personal wellbeing of nurses and utilizing stress coping strategies proved to be important, because these may have an impact on the work performance of nurses, personal safety, and quality of health work experiences they provide.
Application of DQE for quantitative assessment of detectors to estimate AEC efficiency in digital mammography
Authors: Fabiszewska Ewa , Wysocka-Rabin Anna , Dobrzyńska Magdalena , Skrzyński Witold , Pasicz Katarzyna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Optimisation of the detector’s exposure parameters settings for image quality and patient dose is an important task in digital mammography. Assessment of a digital detector’s performance can be done objectively and without operator bias by determining the Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE). The authors of this article aim to prove that the performance of the AEC system can be objectively portrayed through DQE. The results were examined for influence of KAD changes on DQE values and to determine if it was possible to obtain similar DQE values for different exposures. While analysing the effect of the operation of the AEC system described with DQE, the doses received by women during mammography examinations were considered, as well.
The AEC system’s exposure control mechanism cannot guarantee the same DQE value for different object thicknesses. When the object thickness increases, the AEC system should increase the KAD value to obtain the same DQE value. The result of increasing KAD would be the increase of mean glandular dose for some women. However, assuming that DQE is a good indicator of image quality, introducing the proposed changes to the AEC system’s operation would result in the same image quality for all breast thicknesses.
This approach to DQE use for AEC system evaluation is independent of the image processing procedure and can be the basis for changes to system calibration done by the manufacturer’s technical support team.
Reactor Laboratory for Biomedical Research in National Centre for Nuclear Research in Poland
Authors: Michaś Edyta , Dorosz Michał , Wójciuk Karolina , Tymińska Katarzyna , Wiliński Maciej , Maciak Maciej , Domański Szymon , Wojtania Grzegorz , Bartosik Łukasz , Małkiewicz Adam , Lechniak Jan , Gryziński Michał Aleksander 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
National Centre for Nuclear Research, NCBJ is one of the biggest research institutes in Poland, in which scientists deal with basic research in the various fields of subatomic physics, development of nuclear technologies and practical applications of nuclear physics methods, including those for nuclear medicine and radiotherapy. NCBJ operates the only Polish nuclear research reactor MARIA, around which a Reactor Laboratory for Biomedical Research, RLBR has been built in the last 4 years.
One of the main aims of the RLBR team is to adapt the H2 channel, one of the eight MARIA’s horizontal channels, to a specific irradiation facility delivering a high flux thermal/epithermal neutron beam. The beam derived from the channel will be a tool for biological, physical and material studies for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, BNCT.
While NCBJ is focused on building a neutron research facility, the Polish scientific community expressed its interest in BNCT development and implementation as an alternative therapy for cancer treatment. Through the working group meetings organized in the form of regular scientific workshops since 2015, it led to the establishment of a national scientific consortium dedicated to BNCT.
Polish Consortium for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy agreement was initially signed by twelve institutions including scientific institutes, universities and oncological centres in October 2019. National Centre for Nuclear Research was appointed the leader of the consortium. A year later the consortium was enlarged by two more institutions.
Unethical Consumer Practices in the Perception of Hospitality Industry Employees
Authors: Omelan Aneta Anna , Raczkowski Marek 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction.
Unethical consumer practices in the hotel industry pose a global problem. They are encountered in countries and regions with a rapidly developing tourism sector and a growing number of tourists. Demanding or even impolite customers pose a challenge for hotel employees. These problems are also encountered in Poland.

Materials and Methods.
In the presented case study, a mixed method model combining qualitative and quantitative analyses was applied to investigate unethical tourist practices in Polish hotels. Five four-star hotels belonging to the same capital group in north-eastern Poland were analyzed.

Results.
The study demonstrated that hotel staff members, in particular frontline employees, are confronted with unethical customer behaviors. Five types of unethical practices that are most often encountered by hotel employees, in particular young staff members, have been identified.

Conclusions.
The ability to deal with difficult customers is one of the most highly valued skills in frontline employees. Hotel employees should have an opportunity to participate in regular training programs on hospitality ethics and strategies for coping with difficult situations. These skills will play a pivotal role after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic when hotels will be struggling to bring back clients. However, excessive leniency towards guests in difficult times could have adverse consequences when businesses resume normal operations.
Comorbidities, COPD and COVID 19
Authors: Constantin Ana , Mihălțan Florin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is one of the most pressing health care concerns in 2020. The continually growing number of new cases, the global outspread of the virus and the severity of the disease determined the World Health Organization to declare the outbreak a pandemic.
Twenty per cent of the patients present severe and critical forms that frequently require oxygen supplementation and intensive care unit admission. That is why, to provide optimal care, it is imperative to identify at-risk patients.
Patients with associated chronic diseases are more prone to develop severe and critical forms of the infection. Although the chronic pulmonary obstructive disease is present only in a limited number of coronavirus disease 2019 patients, it is most commonly associated with lung disease and a poor outcome than other comorbidities.
INSPIRO project – Educational intervention against non-adherence to inhalation therapy for Romanian asthma and COPD patients
Authors: Ulmeanu Ruxandra , Croitoru Alina , Nitu Floarea Mimi , Mihaltan Florin , Oancea Cristian , Nedelcu Ramona , Boldeanu Daniela , Rajnoveanu Ruxandra , Fildan Petronela 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
In the management of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), adherence to therapy represents a key to success.

Objective
The objective was to increase adherence to treatment through the development of educational intervention (EI) for asthma and COPD, addressed to patients and general practitioners (GPs). The educational programme includes group educational sessions and educational materials and was carried out in five Romanian hospitals. The results were assessed through Test of Adherence to Inhalers (TAI) questionnaire.

Results
Of note, 347 GPs and 435 patients were included. Seventy-six per cent of the GPs considered that the main causes of non-adherence are the disease misunderstanding, difficulty of using inhaled medication, fear of adverse effects, the patient’s conviction that no medicine is useful for his illness and financial nature (20%). Fifty-five per cent of surveyed GPs believed that their patients always or most of the time adhere to inhaled therapy but 57% of the same surveyed GPs checked the inhalation technique of their patients sometimes, rarely or never. Only 44% of the GPs discussed with the pulmonologist about their patient’s disease. Before the EI, only 32% of patients had a good adherence score to therapy; this percentage increases to 57% after EI. The most common reasons for non-adherence were: patient forgets to administer his inhalation medication daily (49%), fear of adverse effects (33%), belief that medication is useless (26%), and fear that inhalation medication affects everyday life of the patient (24%). Nearly half of the patients (47%) give up medication when they feel better. Forty per cent of patients drop off inhalation treatments due to financial reasons. The most influenced behaviours as a result of the EI were psychological component (85%), fear of the adverse events (82%) and social component (79%).

Conclusions
The non-adherence to therapy remains a real problem in asthma and COPD patients in our study group, but EI had positive effects. Extending medical education programmes for patients focused on main reasons of poor adherence, such as forgetting to take medication daily, use of inhalator devices, not understanding their disease, may significantly increase adherence to inhalation treatment.
The thousand-question Spanish general knowledge database
Authors: Buades-Sitjar Francisco , Boada Roger , Guasch Marc , Ferré Pilar , Hinojosa José Antonio , Brysbaert Marc , Duñabeitia Jon Andoni 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
General knowledge questionnaires have been ubiquitously used to study a wide variety of phenomena, such as illusory truth, error correction and tip-ofthe-tongue situations. However, their normings are highly restricted to the territory and the time period they in which they were obtained. This requires that new normings are obtained for each new territory in which they be used. Here, we present a new set of 1364 general knowledge questions normed for a Spanish population. The questions span a total of 37 different fields of knowledge and an extensive range of difficulty levels. They are formulated in a multiple-choice format, and pick rates for the correct answer as well as for the three incorrect response options are provided. We hope that a database of such size and flexibility will prove to be a useful research tool for the Spanish community.
Potential Influence of Urban Sprawl and Changing Land Surface Temperature on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Obiefuna Jerry N. , Okolie Chukwuma J. , Nwilo Peter C. , Daramola Olagoke E. , Isiofia Lawrence C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The continuous monitoring of the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and land cover change is imperative for an inquiry into the potential impact of LST on human well-being, including urban outdoor thermal comfort in Lagos State, Nigeria. Using Landsat imagery, this study assessed land cover and LST changes from 1984 to 2019. Land cover was extracted, LST was determined from Landsat imageries and the land cover changes were linked to LST using the contribution index (CI). Afterwards, the universal thermal climate index (UTCI) was calculated to determine the heat stress levels. Findings confirm the presence of urban sprawl and new growth areas in previously rural Local Government Areas (LGAs) eastward, northward and westward of Lagos metropolis and in regions which lie on the fringe of the state's border with Ogun State. Also, a very strong link between high LST intensities and increasing concentration of urban areas in rapidly growing LGAs has been observed. This link further confirms the increased warming of the state, with an increase in mean LST of 2.16°C during 1984–2019. The UTCI which was used to gauge the influence of LST on outdoor thermal comfort ranged from moderate to strong heat stress levels. This study helps to strengthen the case for definite policies and actions which should be aimed at achieving moderate urban development through increased urban tree canopy/green infrastructure provision and carbon sequestration activities in urban design/landscape design, in Lagos State.
The Influence of Chosen Statistical Methods of Detecting Outliers on Property Valuation Result
Authors: Barańska Anna , Śpiewak Beata 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The subject of the thesis concerns the application of selected statistical methods searching for outliers in the process of determining the value of real estate, based on a functional model adjusted to market data.
The collected research material consisted of data on land properties, which were the subject of transactions on local markets, for which there was no information regarding the specific conditions of concluding the sale agreement. After the initial selection of data regarding the purpose of the property in the local plan, the type of property rights being sold and the size of the shares sold - a functional model was adjusted to the obtained data, showing the relationship between the price being the dependent variable and the features of the property being the independent variables. Then, two statistical methods of searching for outliers which are significantly different in their algorithms, i.e. Cook’s distance and robust estimation method called Pope’s method, were applied to each model. The last stage was to determine the model values of selected properties and to compare the obtained results with the known transaction prices of the parcels being the subject of the valuation.
The conducted research allowed for the verification of the influence of significantly different statistical methods searching for outliers on the property valuation result and its accuracy.
Reflection on Mediation: Interpreting a Book of Andrei Scrima
Authors: Tofan Ioan Alexandru 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article examines Father Scrima’s concepts and ideas from published works after 1990 and manuscripts between 1960 and 1980. In these texts, he probes the relationship between mediated and immediate knowledge from a spiritual point of view. The theology of Spirit that Father Scrima develops points towards a liturgical understanding of the world in which mediation finds its meaning and value.
The Inner Dimension of the Orthodox Tradition and Traditionalism According to André Scrima’s Hermeneutics
Authors: Tătaru-Cazaban Bogdan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A unique Figure in the Orthodox Church, André Scrima was a bridge-personality among Christians and between Christianity and other religions. In his early works, bearing witness to a “spiritual inheritance” and a “blessing of grace” that he had personally received, he stressed the inner dimension of Eastern Christianity represented by Hesychastic spirituality – a perennial divine inspiration manifested across history. But both as a spiritual figure and a professor of comparative religion, he oriented his reflection toward considering the religious plurality of the world from a Christian perspective. Searching for the “lieu théologal” of hospitality for others’ spiritualities became one of the main purposes of Scrima’s reflections which occasionally dealt in a sympathetic as well as critical manner with Traditionalism. This paper aims to highlight the interest raised by an Orthodox reflection on the so-called “esoteric” side of his Tradition which leads to a hermeneutic of religious diversity.