bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digit Survival After Prolonged Digital Tourniquet Application Associated with Severe Venous Congestion
Authors: Senehi Rebecca , Walsh John 
Published: May 2021

Case:
A 22-year-old roofer presented to the emergency department with partial amputation of the left middle finger. He was treated with revision amputation using a glove tourniquet. He followed up 14 days later demonstrating a retained tourniquet with severe ischemic changes. The patient was managed conservatively with aspirin, smoking cessation, and observation.

Conclusion:
At 2-year follow-up, he had normal sensation and function and returned to work. A finger with severe, but incomplete arterial occlusion and profound venous congestion can be salvaged with conservative management of observation and anticoagulation with aspirin therapy after prolonged ischemia of 14 days.
Fluoroscopy of the Elbow
Authors: Müller Sebastian A. , Adolfsson Lars , Baum Cornelia , Müller-Gerbl Magdalena , Müller Andreas M. , Rikli Daniel 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Despite new 3-dimensional imaging modalities, 2-dimensional fluoroscopy remains the standard intraoperative imaging modality. The elbow has complex anatomy, and defined standard fluoroscopic projections are lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to define standard projections of the elbow for intraoperative fluoroscopy.

Methods:
This study consisted of 2 parts. In part I, dissected cadaveric elbows were examined under fluoroscopy, and their radiographic anatomical features were assessed, with focus on projections showing defined anatomical landmarks. In part II, projections from part I were verified on entire cadavers to simulate intraoperative imaging. Standard projections for anteroposterior (AP) and lateral views as well as oblique and axial views were recorded.

Results:
Eight standardized projections could be defined and included 3 AP, 1 lateral, 2 oblique, and 2 axial views. By applying these specific projections, we could visualize the epicondyles, the trochlea with its medial and lateral borders, the capitellum, the olecranon, the greater sigmoid notch, the coronoid process including its anteromedial facet, the proximal radioulnar joint with the radial tuberosity, and the anterior and posterior joint lines of the distal part of the humerus. These standard projections were reliably obtained using a specific sequence.

Conclusions:
Knowledge about radiographic anatomy and standard projections is essential for visualizing important landmarks. With the presented standard projections of the elbow, important anatomical landmarks can be clearly examined. Thus, fluoroscopic visualization of anatomical fracture reduction and correct implant placement should be facilitated.

Clinical Relevance:
This basic science cadaveric study defines fluoroscopic standard projections of the elbow essential for visualization of anatomical landmarks during surgery.
Hookworm infection in stomach: A case report found by physical examination
Authors: Zhao Di , He Ronghua , Wang Yiqin , Jiang Hongyu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHookworm disease is one of the most widely distributed parasitic diseases in the world. It is endemic in Europe, America, Africa and Asia[1]. The main clinical manifestations of hookworm disease are anemia, malnutrition, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and labor decline. It is caused by the parasites of Ancylostoma duodenale Dubini and (or) Necator americanus Stiles. The larvae can invade human capillaries through the skin or mucous membranes, enter the bloodstream, reach the lungs through the right heart, destroy the capillaries of the lungs, enter the alveoli, travel along the bronchi to the pharynx, enter the digestive tract and reach the small intestine after swallowing, and develop into adults in the upper part of the small intestine Attached to the intestinal mucosa[2]. MethodsWe described one case of a businesswomen who sufferd from persistent symptoms of anemia, weight loss, and fatigue for years. Anemia was not significantly improved after routine antianemia treatment. In order to further evaluate the cause of anemia, a gastroscopy was performed, and the microscope showed a single hookworm in the lower stomach. Diagnosis was confirmed by the successful funding of Hookworm eggs in the lining of excrement. Conclusions Hookworm is a human parasite transmitted through the faecal-oral route which reside the duodenal bulb normally[3]. Adult worms are not usually seen in the stomach. There are only few cases reporting hookworm infestation of the stomach. In this case report we present an endoscopic demonstration of hookworm infestation in the stomach found by physical examination of a woman who presented with chronic anaemia. For anaemia patients, especially chronic anaemia patients and those suspected of hookworm disease, gastroscopy should pay attention to the observation of duodenal globules and fecal search for eggs, which are conducive to the early diagnosis of hookworm disease.
WITHDRAWN: Treatability of Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Using Combined Ultrasound Cavitation and Persulfate Process
Authors: Pandya Karan , S Anantha Singh T , Kodgire Pravin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In recent years industrialization caused, magnificent leaps to high profitable growth of pharmaceutical industries, however, simultaneously it has given rise to environmental pollution. Pharmaceutical processes like extraction, purification, formulation etc. generates huge volume of wastewater with high COD, biological oxygen demand, auxiliary chemicals, and different pharmaceuticals substance or their metabolites in the active or inactive form imparting intensive color, which necessitates its proper treatment before being discharged. This study focuses on the feasibility analysis of utilization of ultrasound cavitation assisted with persulfate oxidation approach for the treatment of such complex effluent. Process parameters like pH, amplitude intensity, oxidant dosage was optimized for COD removal applying response surface methodology-based Box Behnken design. The optimum value observed for pH, amplitude intensity, oxidant dosage is 5, 20%, 100 mg/L respectively with 39.5% removal of COD and 6.5% removal of TOC in 60 min of fixed processing time. Study confirms that acombination of ultrasound cavitation and persulfate is a viable option for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater than individual treatment and it can be used as an intensification technique in existing treatment plants for achieving maximum COD removal.
A Ten-Year Retrospective Study of Invasive Candidiasis in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Yang Zhihui , Song Yinggai , Li Ruoyu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a leading cause of mycosis-associated mortality worldwide. Delay in diagnosis and antifungal therapy significantly increases the risk of death. Thus, comprehensive knowledge of IC is required to recognize the IC onset timely. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and mycological characteristics of IC in China.Methods: A ten-year retrospective study including 183 IC episodes was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Beijing, China.Results: The overall incidence rate during 2010-2019 was 0.261 episodes per 1,000 discharges. Candidemia (71.0%) was the major infective pattern. 70.3% of the patients tested positive for Candida spp. colonization before IC and the median time to develop an invasive infection after colonization was 13.5 days (interquartile range: 4.5-37.0 days). Candida albicans (45.8%) was the most prevalent species, followed by Candida parapsilosis (19.5%), Candida glabrata (14.2%) and Candida tropicalis (13.7%). C. non-albicans IC was more common in patients with severe anemia (p=0.018), long-term hospitalization (p=0.015), hematologic malignancies (p=0.002), continuous administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics (p<0.001) and mechanical ventilation (p=0.012). In vitro resistance testing showed that 14.4% of the Candida isolates were resistant/ non-wild type (non-WT) to fluconazole, followed by voriconazole (9.6%), micafungin (3.8%) and caspofungin (2.9%). Fluconazole was the most commonly used drug to initiate antifungal therapy both before and after the proven diagnosis (52.6% and 54.6%, respectively). 30-day and 90-day all-cause mortality was 24.5% and 32.7%, respectively. Conclusions: The incidence of IC was lower in recent years. C. non-albicans contributed to more than half of the IC cases. Fluconazole could still be used as first-line therapy if its resistance/ non-WT was not prevalent. The mortality of IC was still high. A prospective, multi-center surveillance to clinical and mycological characteristics of IC is required.
Generation of knock-in lampreys by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome engineering
Authors: Suzuki Daichi G. , Wada Hiroshi , Higashijima Shin-ichi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The lamprey represents the oldest group of living vertebrates and has been a key organism in various research fields such as evolutionary developmental biology and neuroscience. However, no knock-in technique for this animal has been established yet, preventing application of advanced genetic techniques. Here, we report efficient generation of F0 knock-in lampreys by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing. A donor plasmid containing a heat-shock promoter was co-injected with a short guide RNA (sgRNA) for genome digestion, a sgRNA for donor plasmid digestion, and Cas9 mRNA. Targeting different genetic loci, we succeeded in generating knock-in lampreys expressing photoconvertible protein Dendra2 as well as those expressing EGFP. With its simplicity, design flexibility, and high efficiency, we propose that the present method has great versatility for various experimental uses in lamprey research and that it can also be applied to other “non-model” organisms.
ZIF-67 Derived Co Nanoparticles Embedded N-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Nanocages as an Active Heterogeneous Fenton Catalyst for the Degradation of Tetracycline
Authors: Wang Qian , Wang Xiaofei , He Huairu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Herein, the novel application of ZIF-67 derived HCo@NC as a highly active and stable catalyst for Fenton treatment of organic wastewater is discussed. The carbonization of the Cobalt based Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 (ZIF-67) yielded of HCo@NC~700 nm shows a hollow structure inheriting the rhombic dodecahedron shape of the precusor ZIF-67. XPS analysis reveales the coexistence of Co2+ and Co0. The treatment of Tetracycline (TC) in HCo@NC catalyzed Fenton system indicates that hydroxyl radicals generated to oxidize TC to decompose, and the optimal condition is determined to be 0.71 mmol·L-1 H2O2 and 0.03 g·L-1 HCo@NC at pH 3 for the treatment of 15 mg·L-1 TC. H2O2 is catalyzed by HCo@NC to decompose to hydroxyl radicals for the degradation of TC, and the reaction mechanism is proposed.
Information Content Carried by Brain Signals Reduces Differentially in MCS and UWS Patients
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Wang Yituo , Meng Xiangfeng , Yang Zheng , Weng Dongdong , Wu Xinhuai , Wang Lubin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: Human consciousness is thought to depend on information integration in the brain. How brain injuries affect the information content carried by signals of brain imaging modalities in patients with consciousness disorders has received little attention. Here we propose a novel approach to quantify changes of regional information content in the brain by assessing the entropy delineated by the principal components of regional voxel-based functional imaging signals in clinical MCS and UWS patients.Method: Resting-state functional imaging was performed in 23 MCS patients, 31 UWS patients, and 20 age-matched healthy individuals. Results: We show that, as the symptoms of DOC deepen from MCS to UWS, regional information content also was significantly reduced in that order in the sensory and memory systems of the brain. In contrast, with few exceptions, regional information content in high-order cognitive systems remained statistically at a level similar to those in healthy individuals in MCS patients and only showed a significant reduction in UWS patients. Conclusions and Significance: These findings provide, in the theoretical context of consciousness, novel evidence for a reduction of regional information content as a potential systems-level mechanism of consciousness disorder in MCS and UWS. Further, the findings reveal, for the first time, differential patterns of the reduction of information content in the sensory and memory compared with cognitive systems in MCS and UWS patients, consistent with the manifestations of clinical symptoms in the two DOC patient populations.
Adaptability of Organic Matter and Solid Content to Fe2+/Persulfate and Skeleton Builder Conditioner for Waste Activated Sludge Dewatering
Authors: Li Xiaoran , Shi Yafei , Zhou Xi , Wang Lu , Zhang Huiqin , Pi Kewu , Gerson Andrea R , Liu Defu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sludge conditioning is important for improved dewatering, with the sludge characteristics impacting the effect of conditioning. A composite conditioner, Fe2+ activated sodium persulfate (Fe2+/SPS) combined with phosphogypsum (PG), was used to examine its impact on sludges with different organic content or different solid content. Response surface optimization analysis shows that when the best conditioning is achieved, the reduction of the specific resistance to filtration is not sensitive to organic matter content, but the dewatering performance of the sludge is greatly affected by the solid content. The oxidation role of Fe2+/SPS and the skeleton builder role of PG, together, affect the conditioning, with oxidation playing a major role in conditioning, especially for greater organic matter content. The organic content also affects the effectiveness of the skeleton builder more than the solid content. Changes in PG significantly impacts the optimal molar ratio and dosage of Fe2+/SPS. Sludge with greater solid content requires greater Fe2+/SPS dosage to provide stronger oxidation to destroy flocs. The composite conditioning decreases the content of extracellular polymeric substances and proteins/polysaccharides with the decrease in protein content being significantly greater than that of polysaccharides, these decreases improve the sludge dewaterability.
Control of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in urban populations: findings from a cross-sectional prevalence survey in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Ji Le-Cai , Yin Jin-Feng , Lu Chun-Rong , Guan Hong-Yun , Tan Wei-Guo , Wang Ling-Wei , Jiang Qi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among urban populations is generally Lower than rural residents, but the disease burden is still high. Limited evidence on the patients’ characteristics has been offered to guide the control of the disease in city settings. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional prevalence survey of COPD among residents aged ≥40 years in an emerging city Shenzhen, China. The multi-stage stratified random sampling method was applied to enroll eligible participants from September, 2018 to June, 2019. Tested by spirometry, individuals were diagnosed with COPD if the post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio was less than 0.7. Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as estimates of the exposure to air pollutants, were included in the univariable and multivariable logistic regression models to assess the risk factors for COPD. Results: A total of 4157 individuals were invited to participate in this survey and 3591 who had available spirometry results and epidemiological data were enrolled in the final analysis. The estimated standardized prevalence of COPD among residents over 40 years old in Shenzhen was 5.92% (95% confidential intervals 4.05-8.34). Risk factors for COPD included elder age (adjusted odds ratio 1.206, 95% CI 1.120-1.299 per 10-year increase), smoking over 20 pack-years (1.968, 1.367-2.832), history of chronic bronchitis (1.733, 1.036-2.900) or asthma (4.920, 2.425-9.982), and exposure to higher annual minimum concentrations of ambient SO2 (1.156, 1.053-1.270 per 1-µg/m3 increase). Among 280 spirometry-diagnosed patients, most (221, 78.93%) patients were classified as mild COPD (GOLD stage I). The COPD assessment tests showed 24.7% (58/235) patients had severe symptoms with a total score ≥ 10, and 82.6% (194/235) were clinically symptomatic with a total score ≥ 2. Conclusions: This survey found a low prevalence of COPD in Shenzhen and most patients had mild symptoms, thus recommended screening using spirometry in primary health care to detect early-stage COPD. Increased risk from the exposure to air pollutants also indicated the urgent need for environmental improvement in city settings.
Highly Sensitive Plasmonic Refractive Index Sensor using Doped Silicon: An Alternative to MIM Structures
Authors: Faruque Md. Omar , Mahmud Rabiul Al , Sagor Rakibul Hasan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) structures possess a number of shortcomings which include optical loss, tenability, nanofabrication challenges, chemical instability, incompatible manufacturing process etc. To overcome these shortcomings, plasmonic properties of heavily n-doped silicon are studied and found to be similar to those of conventional plasmonic metals like gold or silver. A plasmonic refractive index sensor using n-doped silicon instead of metal is designed and analyzed numerically using Finite Element Method (FEM). A maximum sensitivity of 4900 nm/RIU, which is higher than most of the MIM plasmonic refractive index (RI) sensors proposed to date, is obtained here. The RI sensor reported here, provides a significant improvement in the sensitivity of the device along with its compatibility with traditional nanoelectronics.
Efficacy and Safety of Antithrombotic Therapy With Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: An Qing , Su Shuwen , Tu Yan , Gao Lingfeng , Xian Gaopeng , Bai Yujia , Zhan Qiong , Xu Xingbo , Xu Dingli , Zeng Qingchun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: We performed a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of antithrombotic therapy with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) versus standard care in patients after successful transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE databases and ClinicalTrials.gov Website (through Oct 21, 2020) was performed. Risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all outcomes were calculated using random-effects models.Results: Twelve studies comprising 6,943 patients were included (5,299 had indications for OAC while 1,644 didn’t). No significant differences were found between NOACs and the standard care in all stroke, a composite endpoint and major/life-threatening bleeding. NOACs were associated lower all-cause mortality than VKAs for post-TAVR patients with indications for OAC after more than 1-year follow-up (RR = 0.64, 95% CI: [0.42, 0.96], p = 0.03) while NOACs were poorer than APT for patients without indications for OAC (RR = 1.66, 95% CI: [1.12, 2.45], p = 0.01). As for the impact to prevent valve thrombosis, NOACs and VKAs were not significantly different for patients with indications for OAC (RR = 0.66, 95% CI: [0.24, 1.84], p = 0.43) while NOACs were better than APT for patients without indications for OAC (RR = 0.19, 95% CI: [0.04, 0.83], p = 0.03).Conclusions: For patients with indications for OAC, post-TAVR antithrombotic therapy with NOACs were more favorable due to its lower all-cause mortality after more than 1-year follow-up. For those without indications for OAC, NOACs were poorer due to its higher all-cause mortality.
The Influence of Early Thoracic Fusion on the Pulmonary Function of Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis in the Early Period of the Second Growth Peak with Different Risser Signs
Authors: Xu Xiaolin , Wang Shengru , Yang Yang , Du You , Lin Guanfeng , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous reports confirmed early spinal fusion may compromise pulmonary function and thoracic development in skeletal immature patients with scoliosis. However, the different effects in patients with various Risser signs remain unknown. This study aimed to compare the influence of early thoracic fusion on pulmonary function and thoracic growth in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) with closed triangular cartilage (TRC) and different Risser signs. Methods: Thirty-six patients with IS and a closed TRC were retrospectively selected and divided into the low Risser (LR, Risser sign ≤2, 22 patients) and high Risser (HR, 2<Risser sign≤4, 14 patients) groups. Patient age, Risser sign, main Cobb angle, thoracic kyphosis, and fusion levels were recorded. Perioperative and follow-up pulmonary function and thoracic diameters were compared between both groups. Results: There were no differences in patients’ general characteristics between two groups. The preoperative FEV1 and FVC were 2.06±0.43 L and 2.50±0.49 L, respectively, in the LR group, and 2.31±0.49 L (p=0.067) and 2.74±0.56 L (p=0.122), respectively, in the HR group. While these values significantly increased postoperatively, to 2.62±0.46 L (p<0.000) and 3.09±0.69 L (p<0.000), in the LR group, they remained unchanged in the HR group [2.53±0.56 L (p=0.093) and 2.70±0.98 L (p=0.386), respectively]. The FEV1/FVC in both groups was >80% before and after surgery. The T1-T12 and anteroposterior thoracic diameter significantly increased after surgery in both groups, while the maximum inner chest diameter only increased in the LR group at the final follow-up. However, there were no significant differences in respiratory function and thoracic data between both groups. Conclusion: For patients with IS, early fusion didn’t deteriorate pulmonary function or thoracic development in TRC-closed patients whose Risser sign was ≤2 compared with those with a Risser sign >2.