bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of nurse practitioner scope of practice laws on primary care delivery
Authors: Smith Laura Barrie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNurse practitioners (NPs) are an increasingly integral part of the primary care workforce. NPs' authority to practice without physician oversight is regulated by state‐level scope of practice (SOP) restrictions. To the extent that SOP restrictions prevent NPs from practicing to their full abilities and capacity, they could create inefficiencies and restrict access to health care. In this paper, I study what happens at primary care practices when states relax their SOP laws. Using a novel dataset of claims and electronic health records paired with a difference‐in‐differences research design, I quantify the effects of relaxing SOP laws on: (1) NPs' autonomy in their day‐to‐day jobs; (2) total workload and patient allocation between NPs and physicians; and (3) the provision of low‐value services at primary care practices. I find some evidence that NPs practice more autonomously following SOP changes, but I find no evidence that relaxing SOP laws changes the volume nor allocation of patients to NPs, nor the provision of low‐value services. Given the lower reimbursement that NPs typically receive, these findings suggest that allowing NPs to practice without physician oversight could reduce health care spending, without harming patients.
Phase 1/2a, open‐label, multicenter study of RM‐1929 photoimmunotherapy in patients with locoregional, recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cognetti David M. , Johnson Jennifer M. , Curry Joseph M. , Kochuparambil Samith T. , McDonald Darren , Mott Frank , Fidler Mary J. , Stenson Kerstin , Vasan Nilesh R. , Razaq Mohammad A. , Campana John , Ha Patrick , Mann Grace , Ishida Kosuke , Garcia‐Guzman Miguel , Biel Merrill , Gillenwater Ann M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (rHNSCC) represents a significant global health burden with an unmet medical need. In this study we determined the safety and efficacy of RM‐1929 photoimmunotherapy in patients with heavily pretreated rHNSCC.MethodsRM‐1929 (anti‐EGFR–IR700 dye conjugate) was infused, followed by tumor illumination. We evaluated safety, tumor response, and pharmacokinetics.ResultsNine patients were enrolled in Part 1 (dose‐finding) and 30 patients in Part 2 (safety and efficacy). No dose‐limiting toxicities were experienced in Part 1; 640 mg/m2 with fixed light dose (50 J/cm2 or 100 J/cm) was recommended for Part 2. Adverse events (AEs) in Part 2 were mostly mild to moderate but 19 (63.3%) patients had AE ≥Grade 3, including 3 (10.0%) with serious AEs leading to death (not treatment related). Efficacy in Part 2: unconfirmed objective response rate (ORR) 43.3% (95% CI 25.46%–62.57%); confirmed ORR 26.7% (95% CI 12.28%–45.89%); median overall survival 9.30 months (95% CI 5.16–16.92 months).ConclusionsTreatment was well tolerated. Responses and survival following RM‐1929 photoimmunotherapy in heavily pretreated patients with rHNSCC were clinically meaningful and warrant further investigation.Clinical Trial InformationNCT02422979.
Macrophage nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 deficiency promotes innate immune activation by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3–mediated RhoA/ROCK pathway in the ischemic liver
Authors: Rao Jianhua , Qiu Jiannan , Ni Ming , Wang Hao , Wang Peng , Zhang Lei , Wang Zeng , Liu Mu , Cheng Feng , Wang Xuehao , Lu Ling 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation and has been implicated in both human and murine inflammatory disease models. We aimed to characterize the roles of macrophage‐specific Nrf2 in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI).

Approach and Results
First, macrophage Nrf2 expression and liver injury in patients undergoing OLT or ischemia‐related hepatectomy were analyzed. Subsequently, we created a myeloid‐specific Nrf2‐knockout (Nrf2M‐KO) strain to study the function and mechanism of macrophage Nrf2 in a murine liver IRI model. In human specimens, macrophage Nrf2 expression was significantly increased in liver tissues after transplantation or hepatectomy. Interestingly, lower Nrf2 expressions correlated with more severe liver injury postoperatively. In a mouse model, we found Nrf2M‐KO mice showed worse hepatocellular damage than Nrf2‐proficient controls based on serum biochemistry, pathology, ROS, and inflammation. In vitro, Nrf2 deficiency promoted innate immune activation and migration in macrophages on toll‐like receptor (TLR) 4 stimulation. Microarray profiling showed Nrf2 deletion caused markedly lower transcriptional levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (Timp3). ChIP‐seq, PCR, and luciferase reporter assay further demonstrated Nrf2 bound to the promoter region of Timp3. Moreover, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 10/ROCK1 was specifically increased in Nrf2‐deficient macrophages. Increasing Timp3 expression effectively inhibited ADAM10/ROCK1 expression and rescued the Nrf2M‐KO‐mediated inflammatory response on TLR4 stimulation in vitro. Importantly, Timp3 overexpression, recombinant Timp3 protein, or ROCK1 knockdown rescued Nrf2M‐KO‐related liver IRI by inhibiting macrophage activation.

Conclusions
In conclusion, macrophage Nrf2 mediates innate proinflammatory responses, attenuates liver IRI by binding to Timp3, and inhibits the RhoA/ROCK pathway, which provides a therapeutic target for clinical organ IRI.
Setting up a patient complaint system in the national primary healthcare network in Lebanon (2016–2020): Lessons for Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries
Authors: Hammoud Rawan , Laham Sandy , Kdouh Ola , Hamadeh Randa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOver the past decade there has been a renewed global commitment towards building people‐centred healthcare systems and enhancing the capture of patient complaints. Literature from Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries (LMICs) on patient complaints is sparse. In 2016, the Primary Healthcare (PHC) Department at the Ministry of Public Health in Lebanon, developed a full grievance (complaint or inquiry) redress system. This paper aims to describe the development of the national grievance handling system and analyse 5 years' worth of grievance data (2016–2020). The study entailed a retrospective analysis of grievances relating to the care of patients treated in 237 Primary Health Centres in the national PHC network in Lebanon, lodged through the central grievance uptakes channels between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2020. Between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2020, the PHC Department at the ministry of health received 562 grievances from a total of 389 unique beneficiaries Management issues made up an overwhelming 70% of all grievances, followed by relationships (20%) and clinical issues (6%). Findings indicate the need to enhance the healthcare administration, monitoring and workflow at the PHC centres and to promote the utilisation of grievance systems. The study outlines lessons learned for building grievance systems in LMICs.
Recruitment brand equity for unknown employers: Examining the effects of recruitment message claim verifiability and credibility on job pursuit intentions
Authors: Collins Christopher J. , Martinez‐Moreno Julian E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrior research on recruitment and employer brand equity has primarily drawn on the cognitive psychology perspective from the marketing brand equity literature to examine how recruitment practices and job seekers' perceptions of employer brand image impact recruitment outcomes. This perspective, however, provides little guidance for how unknown organizations can use recruitment messages to influence job seekers. Our study draws from research on the search‐experience framework, which uses an information economics approach to brand equity, to identify how recruitment claims from companies with no employer brand image shape job seekers' job pursuit intentions. Results based on a within‐subjects study with 197 participants showed that job seekers perceive differences in claim verifiability depending on the job or company attribute in the message. Further, we found that job seekers' perceptions of recruitment claim verifiability are indirectly related to intentions to pursue the recruiting organization through perceived claim credibility. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
A dynamic two‐level artificial neural network for estimation of parameters in combined mode conduction‐radiation heat transfer in porous medium: An application to handle huge dataset with noise
Authors: Mishra Vijay K. , Dasgupta Udrek , Patra Sushmit , Pal Rohan , Anand Kshitij 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA dynamic two‐level artificial neural network (DTLANN) approach is used for the estimation of parameters in combined mode conduction–radiation heat transfer in a porous medium. Four commonly used neural networks: feed forward, cascade forward, fitnet, and radial basis are used in mapping artificial neural network (ANN), and their performance is compared under noisy big data (10,302 × 1300 matrix size). Governing equations for heat transfer in the porous medium through conduction and radiation modes are solved by finite volume method and discrete transfer method. This numerical model is called a direct model. A large amount of data is generated by using the direct model for different values of extinction coefficient β and convective coupling P2. These data were divided into different groups (class) based on the temperature difference between the gas and solid phase. In the inverse analysis, a new pair of temperature profiles for the solid and gas phase is taken as input and classified with the help of a pattern net artificial neural network model. On the basis of classification, data from that particular class and its neighbor class are used for training the mapping ANN model. After the training of the mapping ANN model, corresponding values of β and P2 are obtained as output for any new input. This DTLANN model has a high regression coefficient (R) of .99131 and can predict highly accurate values of parameters under a huge dataset with noise, within much less CPU time.
Age‐specific burden of cervical cancer associated with HIV: A global analysis with a focus on sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Ibrahim Khalil Ahmadaye , Mpunga Tharcisse , Wei Feixue , Baussano Iacopo , de Martel Catherine , Bray Freddie , Stelzle Dominik , Dryden‐Peterson Scott , Jaquet Antoine , Horner Marie‐Josèphe , Awolude Olutosin A. , Trejo Mario Jesus , Mudini Washington , Soliman Amr S. , Sengayi‐Muchengeti Mazvita , Coghill Anna E. , van Aardt Matthys C. , De Vuyst Hugo , Hawes Stephen E. , Broutet Nathalie , Dalal Shona , Clifford Gary M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHIV substantially worsens human papillomavirus (HPV) carcinogenicity and contributes to an important population excess of cervical cancer, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). We estimated HIV‐ and age‐stratified cervical cancer burden at a country, regional and global level in 2020. Proportions of cervical cancer (a) diagnosed in women living with HIV (WLHIV), and (b) attributable to HIV, were calculated using age‐specific estimates of HIV prevalence (UNAIDS) and relative risk. These proportions were validated against empirical data and applied to age‐specific cervical cancer incidence (GLOBOCAN 2020). HIV was most important in SSA, where 24.9% of cervical cancers were diagnosed in WLHIV, and 20.4% were attributable to HIV (vs 1.3% and 1.1%, respectively, in the rest of the world). In all world regions, contribution of HIV to cervical cancer was far higher in younger women (as seen also in empirical series). For example, in Southern Africa, where more than half of cervical cancers were diagnosed in WLHIV, the HIV‐attributable fraction decreased from 86% in women ≤34 years to only 12% in women ≥55 years. The absolute burden of HIV‐attributable cervical cancer (approximately 28 000 cases globally) also shifted toward younger women: in Southern Africa, 63% of 5341 HIV‐attributable cervical cancer occurred in women <45 years old, compared to only 17% of 6901 non‐HIV‐attributable cervical cancer. Improved quantification of cervical cancer burden by age and HIV status can inform cervical cancer prevention efforts in SSA, including prediction of the impact of WLHIV‐targeted vs general population approaches to cervical screening, and impact of HIV prevention.
Conscientious objection and the duty to refer
Authors: Dickens Bernard M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMedical associations and leading courts reinforce the duty of physicians who conscientiously object to participating in treatment indicated for their patients to refer them to non‐objecting practitioners. Ethical and legal duties require continuity of care when physicians withdraw from patients’ treatment on grounds of conscience. The duty to refer might affect gynecologists when their patients request for example, contraceptive means, sterilization, abortion, medically assisted reproductive procedures, or gender reassignment. Legislation and leading law courts, notably the UK Supreme Court and Constitutional Court of Colombia, and professional associations such as the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, have clarified the duty to refer. Physicians are expected to cater their individual conscience to their professional ethical and legal duties, favoring their patients’ choices over their personal objections. Physicians can object to “hands‐on” conduct of procedures they find objectionable, but cannot deny referral on grounds of complicity in what other care providers do.
Accelerated brain tumor dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI using Adaptive Pharmaco‐Kinetic Model Constrained method
Authors: Liu Fan , Li Dongxiao , Jin Xinyu , Qiu Wenyuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn brain tumor, dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) spatiotemporally resolved high‐quality reconstruction which is required for quantitative analysis of some physiological characteristics of brain tissue. By exploiting some kind of sparsity priori, compressed sensing methods can achieve high spatiotemporal DCE‐MRI image reconstruction from undersampled k‐space data. Recently, as a kind of priori information about the contrast agent (CA) concentration dynamics, Pharmacokinetic (PK) models have been explored for undersampled DCE‐MRI reconstruction. This paper presents a novel dictionary learning‐based reconstruction method with Adaptive Pharmaco‐Kinetic Model Constraints (APKMC). In APKMC, the priori knowledge about CA dynamics is incorporated into a novel dictionary, which consists of PK model‐based atoms and adaptive atoms. The PK atoms are constructed based on Patlak model and K‐SVD dimension reduction algorithm, and the adaptive ones are used to resolve PK model inconsistencies. To solve APKMC, an optimization algorithm based on variable splitting and alternating iterative optimization is presented. The proposed method has been validated on three brain tumor DCE‐MRI data sets by comparing with two state‐of‐the‐art methods. As demonstrated by the quantitative and qualitative analysis of results, APKMC achieved substantially better quality in the reconstruction of brain DCE‐MRI images, as well as in the reconstruction of PK model parameter maps.
The role of cropping system adjustment in balancing grain yield and groundwater use across a rainfall gradient in the North China Plain under future climate scenarios*
Authors: Xiao Dengpan , Bai Huizi , Tang Jianzhao , Liu De Li , Yang Yanmin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe long‐term extraction of groundwater for crop irrigation under the high‐yielding double‐cropping system of winter wheat and summer maize over the last decades has led to rapid depletion of groundwater in the North China Plain (NCP). In this study, we used the well‐validated APSIM model to evaluate the yield and water use of the current cropping system and three alternative cropping systems under future climate scenarios. We used a statistical downscaling method to downscale the monthly climate data from the 33 global climate models to the daily data for driving the APSIM model. The results show that future climate change would mainly have a negative impact on the maize yield, but it has a positive impact on the wheat yield under most future climate scenarios. The combined effects of the reduction of crop water consumption and the relative increase in rainfall under the future climate scenarios will alleviate the situation of groundwater overexploitation. Moreover, the amount of groundwater overdraft under the future climate scenarios mainly depends on the selected alternative cropping system and the amount of local rainfall. The results provide useful information that helps adjust cropping systems to stop groundwater depletion and maintain acceptable food production levels in the NCP.
XEDA, a fast and multipurpose energy decomposition analysis program
Authors: Tang Zhen , Song Yanlin , Zhang Shu , Wang Wei , Xu Yuan , Wu Di , Wu Wei , Su Peifeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA fast and multipurpose energy decomposition analysis (EDA) program, called XEDA, is introduced for quantitative analysis of intermolecular interactions. This program contains a series of variational EDA methods, including LMO‐EDA, GKS‐EDA and their extensions, to analyze non‐covalent interactions and strong chemical bonds in various environments. XEDA is highly efficient with a similar computational scaling of single point energy calculations. Its efficiency and universality are validated by a series of test examples including van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonds, radical–radical interactions and strong covalent bonds.
Encouraging pro‐environmental behavior in university employees: An approach toward environmental sustainability as moderated by green organizational culture
Authors: Khan Muhammad S. , Terason Sid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlobal warming is occurring at an alarming rate, with climate change creating severe water‐related hazards that are at the top of the natural disasters list. The highest human losses have been recorded in the past 50 years based on world meteorological organization calculations. Thus, everyone needs to play their part in environmental sustainability (ES). This will require a change in behavior; therefore, the current study considered pro‐environmental behavior (PEB) crucial to ES among university employees. The moderating effect of green organizational culture (GOC) on the relationship between PEB and ES was also investigated. As it is typical of a Thai public university to expend a considerable amount of natural resources in the process of conducting its routine academic and operational activities, it is a setting worthy of investigation. The higher education sector is rarely explored in the areas of resource use and conservation; for this reason, this study was specifically targeted at the human factor in this specialized setting. A survey was performed on the faculty members of Thai public universities to verify the model. It was found that PEB influenced ES, and GOC moderated the relationship between PEB and ES. The results encompassed six dimensions of PEB and the moderating effect of GOC in the context of higher educational institutions. The findings have provided new insights into PEB intervention and modification in the context of higher education institutions whose management may use the results to strengthen employees' PEB by offering information, knowledge, and training.
Operationalizing and monitoring student support in undergraduate engineering education
Authors: Lee Walter C. , Hall Janice L. , Godwin Allison , Knight David B. , Verdín Dina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSupporting undergraduate students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) has been a persistent need. However, assessing the impact of support efforts can prove challenging as it is difficult to operationalize student support and subsequently monitor the combined impacts of the various supports to which students have access simultaneously.Purpose/HypothesisThis paper describes the development of the STEM student perspectives of support instrument (STEM‐SPSI) and explores how perceptions of student support constructs vary across engineering students.Design/MethodFollowing best practices for instrument development, forming the STEM‐SPSI consisted of an iterative cycle of feedback from various STEM stakeholders and two rounds of pilot testing with students at multiple institutions. We employed factor analysis to identify student‐support constructs and conduct validation procedures on the instrument.ResultsResults suggest that student support can be conceptualized as a combination of 12 constructs. The STEM‐SPSI can help engineering educators evaluate their student‐support mechanisms at an academic‐unit level.ConclusionsThe practical contribution of the STEM‐SPSI is to assist colleges in monitoring the extent to which their portfolio of support mechanisms is perceived as helpful by undergraduate students. This work makes a theoretical contribution to the model of cocurricular support that undergirds the instrument by producing empirical evidence for its constructs.
Gross morphological and surface ultrastructural investigation on the gills of the European barracuda Sphyraena sphyraena
Authors: Hanafy Basma G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present work examined 10 gill systems of European barracuda grossly and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Grossly, there were four pairs of the gill arches. The convex border of the gill arch carried the gills filaments, but there were abundance of spines near to its concave border and the gill rakers were absent. Laterally near to the convex border of the gill arch, SEM observations revealed that the first gill arch carried small elliptical, oval, cuboidal, and triangular groups of two shapes of spines; spearhead‐like spines and canine‐like spines, but the other three gill arches carried larger groups of the same shaped spines with the appearance of waterfalls. Medially near to the convex border of the first gill arch, the canine‐like spines were observed only in the form of vertical rectangular groups that adhered in some areas. Laterally near to the concave border, the two shapes of spines were present in the form of longitudinal groups separated by spaces at the first gill arch, but these spaces were absent in the other three gill arches. Medially near to the concave border of the first gill arch, the two shapes of spines were presented in oval groups, while the other three gill arches were covered entirely by cuboidal groups of the two shapes of spines. The absence of the gill rakers in conjunction with an abundance of spines helps the European barracuda to control the food particles from escaping to the gill filaments to prevent its suffocation.