bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivators and barriers to oral hygiene self‐care among adolescents in Malaysia: A qualitative study
Authors: Ab Mumin Nazirah , Yusof Zamros Yuzadi Mohd , Marhazlinda Jamaludin , Obaidellah Unaizah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveHaving good oral hygiene self‐care, especially a regular toothbrushing habit will promote lifelong oral health. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence an adolescent's oral hygiene behaviour is important in developing effective oral health programmes for this age group. This study aimed to explore the motivators and barriers to adolescents' oral hygiene self‐care by exploring the perspectives of secondary school students from three government schools in the state of Selangor, Malaysia.MethodsFocus group discussions (FGD) were conducted with Form 2 (14‐years‐old) and Form 4 (16‐years‐old) students from selected secondary schools in Selangor using a semi‐structured topic guide until data saturation was reached. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework method analysis.ResultsA total of 10 FGDs were conducted involving 77 adolescents. The motivators for good oral hygiene self‐care were appearance, fear of oral disease, consequences of oral disease and past toothache experience. The barriers for oral hygiene self‐care were poor attitude towards oral care, lack of confidence in toothbrushing skills, snacking habit and the taste of toothpaste.ConclusionUnderstanding the motivators and barriers to adolescents' oral hygiene self‐care is the first step in designing effective oral health education messages. The findings from this study can be used as a guide for oral health education programmes and development of materials that fulfil the needs of the adolescent population.
Exploring developmental changes in infant anticipation and perceptual processing: EEG responses to tactile stimulation
Authors: Shen Guannan , Weiss Staci M. , Meltzoff Andrew N. , Allison Olivia N. , Marshall Peter J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in alpha‐range rhythms in the electroencephalogram (EEG) in relation to perceptual and attentional processes. The infant mu rhythm has been extensively studied in the context of linkages between action observation and action production in infancy, but less is known about the mu rhythm in relation to cross‐modal processes involving somatosensation. We investigated differences in mu responses to cued vibrotactile stimulation of the hand in two age groups of infants: From 6 to 7 months and 13 to 14 months. We were also interested in anticipatory neural responses in the alpha frequency range prior to tactile stimulation. Tactile stimulation of infants’ left or right hand was preceded by an audiovisual cue signaling which hand would be stimulated. In response to the tactile stimulus, infants demonstrated significant mu desynchronization over the central areas contralateral to the hand stimulated, with higher mu peak frequency and greater contralateral mu desynchronization for older infants. Prior to the tactile stimulus, both age groups showed significant bilateral alpha desynchronization over frontocentral sites, which may be indicative of generalized anticipation of an upcoming stimulus. The findings highlight the potential of examining the sensorimotor mu rhythm in the context of infant attentional development.
Traditional partería providing women's health care in Latin America: A qualitative synthesis
Authors: Suárez‐Baquero Daniel F.M. , Champion Jane Dimmitt 
Published: October 2021

AimTo identify practices, beliefs, and potential gaps in knowledge about partería tradicional in Latin America.Background/IntroductionPartería tradicional (lay midwifery) refers to ancestral knowledge used by laypersons, mainly parteras tradicionales (lay midwives), to provide health care to women and children. This care, initiated prior to formalization of health care continues today. Descriptions of the intergenerational oral transmission of partería tradicional knowledge and practice in Latin America exist without related synthesis.MethodsQualitative synthesis of the literature, including publications in Spanish, English, and Portuguese indexed in public databases over the previous 22 years concerning partería tradicional. Identification of categories, themes, and bias reporting via PRISMA processes, using the Thomas and Harden's approach and the Noblit and Hare's methodological recommendations.ResultsPartería tradicional themes included “ancestral knowledge,” “destiny and a spiritual calling,” “woma's heritage,” and “a means for providing health care.”DiscussionParteras tradicionales are key providers of health care for rural and urban marginalized communities. Limited knowledge and understanding of this practice impacts interactions between parteras tradicionales, midwives, and nurses. An interchange of knowledge is fundamental for care congruent with culture and the humanization of women's reproductive health.Conclusions and policy implicationsCommunities with unresolved health care needs benefit via collaboration between formal health practices and partería tradicional. A compelling need for inquiry to preserve the art of partería tradicional exists internationally. Parteras tradicionales must be considered when formulating health care policy, thereby enhancing their historic role among the most vulnerable populations in Latin America: protecting, caring, and addressing health care needs.
The Oregon Child Absenteeism Due to Respiratory Disease Study (ORCHARDS): Rationale, objectives, and design
Authors: Temte Jonathan L. , Barlow Shari , Goss Maureen , Temte Emily , Bell Cristalyne , He Cecilia , Hamer Caroline , Schemmel Amber , Maerz Bradley , Comp Lily , Arnold Mitchell , Breunig Kimberly , Clifford Sarah , Reisdorf Erik , Shult Peter , Wedig Mary , Haupt Thomas , Conway James , Gangnon Ronald , Fowlkes Ashley , Uzicanin Amra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza viruses pose significant disease burdens through seasonal outbreaks and unpredictable pandemics. Existing surveillance programs rely heavily on reporting of medically attended influenza (MAI). Continuously monitoring cause‐specific school absenteeism may identify local acceleration of seasonal influenza activity. The Oregon Child Absenteeism Due to Respiratory Disease Study (ORCHARDS; Oregon, WI) implements daily school‐based monitoring of influenza‐like illness‐specific student absenteeism (a‐ILI) in kindergarten through Grade 12 schools and assesses this approach for early detection of accelerated influenza and other respiratory pathogen transmission in schools and surrounding communities.MethodsStarting in September 2014, ORCHARDS combines automated reporting of daily absenteeism within six schools and home visits to school children with acute respiratory infection (ARI). Demographic, epidemiological, and symptom data are collected along with respiratory specimens. Specimens are tested for influenza and other respiratory viruses. Household members can opt into a supplementary household transmission study. Community comparisons are possible using a pre‐existing and highly effective influenza surveillance program, based on MAI at five family medicine clinics in the same geographical area.ResultsOver the first 5 years, a‐ILI occurred on 6634 (0.20%) of 3,260,461 student school days. Viral pathogens were detected in 64.5% of 1728 children with ARI who received a home visit. Influenza was the most commonly detected virus, noted in 23.3% of ill students.ConclusionORCHARDS uses a community‐based design to detect influenza trends over multiple seasons and to evaluate the utility of absenteeism for early detection of accelerated influenza and other respiratory pathogen transmission in schools and surrounding communities.
Barcoding of South African forest‐dwelling snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) reveals widespread cryptic diversity
Authors: Raphalo Evelyn M. , Cole Mary L. , Daniels Savel R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSouth Africa harbors a rich and diverse terrestrial snail fauna. Despite their importance in ecosystem functioning and structure, their alpha taxonomic diversity is poorly understood, and most groups have not been the subject of molecular systematic scrutiny. During the present study, we used the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) locus to start a DNA barcode reference library, to examine intra‐ and interspecific genetic divergence, and to explore the presence of cryptic diversity among terrestrial gastropods from forested regions in the country. We generated 399 COI barcodes comprising 70 morphospecies in 26 genera and 15 families, representing nearly 10% of the described gastropod diversity in South Africa. Our results showed a substantial overlap between mean intraspecific and interspecific genetic variation and no barcoding gap. Three species delimitation methods—Poisson Tree Processes (PTP), Refined Single Linkage (RESL) algorithm in Barcode of Life Data Systems, and the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD)—applied to selected widespread species retrieved incongruent operational taxonomic units (OTUs). These results, coupled with high intraspecific variation, suggested cryptic diversity among several terrestrial gastropod genera in the country. We further demonstrated that DNA barcoding analysis holds the potential for highlighting cryptic lineages in snails and for revealing taxa in need of taxonomic revision. We recommend that future taxonomic studies of South African terrestrial snails incorporate multiple sources of information for species delimitation.
Habitat filtering and inferred dispersal ability condition across‐scale species turnover and rarity in Macaronesian island spider assemblages
Authors: Malumbres‐Olarte Jagoba , Rigal François , Girardello Marco , Cardoso Pedro , Crespo Luís Carlos , Amorim Isabel R. , Arnedo Miquel , Boieiro Mário , Carvalho José Carlos , Carvalho Rui , Gabriel Rosalina , Lamelas‐Lopez Lucas , López Heriberto , Paulo Octávio S. , Pereira Fernando , Pérez‐Delgado Antonio J. , Rego Carla , Romeiras Maria , Ros‐Prieto Alejandra , Oromí Pedro , Vieira Ana , Emerson Brent C. , Borges Paulo A. V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimHabitat diversity has been linked to the diversity and structure of island communities, however, little is known about patterns and processes within habitats. Here we aim to determine the contributions of habitat type and inferred dispersal frequency to the differences in taxonomic structure between assemblages in the same island habitat.LocationThe Macaronesian archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands and Cabo Verde).TaxonSpiders (Araneae).MethodsWe established forest and dry habitat sites (each with five plots) on two islands per archipelago. We collected spiders using standardised sampling protocols. We tested the differences in beta diversity separately for each habitat and for each inferred category of ballooning (an aerial dispersal strategy) frequency across geographic scales through nested non‐parametric permutational multivariate analyses of variance. We then tested whether ballooning and habitat influenced heterogeneity in species composition (dispersion in beta diversity) in the two habitat types. We analysed the effects of habitat and ballooning on species abundance distribution (SAD) and rarity by fitting Gambin models and evaluating the contribution of ballooning categories to SAD.ResultsCommunities of the same archipelago and habitat were taxonomically more similar, and beta diversity increased with geographic scale, being greater in dry habitats. There was greater species replacement among assemblages in dry habitats than in forests, with greater differences for rare ballooners. There were no differences in SAD between habitats although dry habitat sites seemed to harbour more species with low abundances (rare species) than forests.Main conclusionsHabitat type does not only condition the differences between spider assemblages of the same habitat but also the scale at which they occur. These differences may be determined by the heterogeneity in the physical structure of each habitat as well as how much this structure facilitates aerial dispersal (ballooning), and should be considered in theories/hypotheses on island community assembly as well as in conservation strategies.
Neutrophil extracellular traps impair regeneration
Authors: Wier Eric , Asada Mayumi , Wang Gaofeng , Alphonse Martin P. , Li Ang , Hintelmann Chase , Sweren Evan , Youn Christine , Pielstick Brittany , Ortines Roger , Lyu Chenyi , Daskam Maria , Miller Lloyd S. , Archer Nathan K. , Garza Luis A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFibrosis is a major health burden across diseases and organs. To remedy this, we study wound‐induced hair follicle neogenesis (WIHN) as a model of non‐fibrotic healing that recapitulates embryogenesis for de novo hair follicle morphogenesis after wounding. We previously demonstrated that TLR3 promotes WIHN through binding wound‐associated dsRNA, the source of which is still unclear. Here, we find that multiple distinct contexts of high WIHN all show a strong neutrophil signature. Given the correlation between neutrophil infiltration and endogenous dsRNA release, we hypothesized that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) likely release nuclear spliceosomal U1 dsRNA and modulate WIHN. However, rather than enhance regeneration, we find mature neutrophils inhibit WIHN such that mice with mature neutrophil depletion exhibit higher WIHN. Similarly, Pad4 null mice, which are defective in NET production, show augmented WIHN. Finally, using single‐cell RNA sequencing, we identify a dramatic increase in mature and activated neutrophils in the wound beds of low regenerating Tlr3−/− mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that although mature neutrophils are stimulated by a common pro‐regenerative cue, their presence and NETs hinder regeneration.
DHFR silence alleviated the development of liver fibrosis by affecting the crosstalk between hepatic stellate cells and macrophages
Authors: Peng Yu , Li Zedong , Chen Sheng , Zhou Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLiver fibrogenesis is a dynamic cellular and tissue process which has the potential to progress into cirrhosis of even liver cancer and liver failure. The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is the central event underlying liver fibrosis. Besides, hepatic macrophages have been proposed as potential targets in combatting fibrosis. As for the relationship between HSCs and hepatic macrophages in liver fibrosis, it is generally considered that macrophages promoted liver fibrosis via activating HSCs. However, whether activated HSCs could in turn affect macrophage polarization has rarely been studied. In this study, mRNAs with significant differences were explored using exosomal RNA‐sequencing of activated Lx‐2 cells and normal RNA‐sequencing of DHFR loss‐of‐function Lx‐2 cell models. Cell functional experiments in both Lx‐2 cells and macrophages animal model experiments were performed. The results basically confirmed exosomes secreted from activated HSCs could promote M1 polarization of macrophages further. Exosome harbouring DHFR played an important role in this process. DHFR silence in HSCs could decrease Lx‐2 activation and M1 polarization of M0 macrophages and then alleviate the development of liver fibrosis both in vitro and vivo. Our work brought a new insight that exosomal DHFR derived from HSCs had a crucial role in crosstalk between HSCs activation and macrophage polarization, which may be a potential therapeutic target in liver fibrosis.
Regulation of autophagy protects against liver injury in liver surgery‐induced ischaemia/reperfusion
Authors: Hu Chenxia , Zhao Lingfei , Zhang Fen , Li Lanjuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTransient ischaemia and reperfusion in liver tissue induce hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) tissue injury and a profound inflammatory response in vivo. Hepatic I/R can be classified into warm I/R and cold I/R and is characterized by three main types of cell death, apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, in rodents or patients following I/R. Warm I/R is observed in patients or animal models undergoing liver resection, haemorrhagic shock, trauma, cardiac arrest or hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome when vascular occlusion inhibits normal blood perfusion in liver tissue. Cold I/R is a condition that affects only patients who have undergone liver transplantation (LT) and is caused by donated liver graft preservation in a hypothermic environment prior to entering a warm reperfusion phase. Under stress conditions, autophagy plays a critical role in promoting cell survival and maintaining liver homeostasis by generating new adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and organelle components after the degradation of macromolecules and organelles in liver tissue. This role of autophagy may contribute to the protection of hepatic I/R‐induced liver injury; however, a considerable amount of evidence has shown that autophagy inhibition also protects against hepatic I/R injury by inhibiting autophagic cell death under specific circumstances. In this review, we comprehensively discuss current strategies and underlying mechanisms of autophagy regulation that alleviates I/R injury after liver resection and LT. Directed autophagy regulation can maintain liver homeostasis and improve liver function in individuals undergoing warm or cold I/R. In this way, autophagy regulation can contribute to improving the prognosis of patients undergoing liver resection or LT.
Effectiveness and safety of a program for appropriate urinary catheter use in stroke care: A multicenter prospective study
Authors: Ikeda‐Sakai Yasuko , Kubo Kenji , Wada Mikio , Seki Rieko , Hijikata Yasukazu , Yoshioka Takashi , Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Nakayama Takeo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesSince patients with stroke frequently develop bladder dysfunction, a careful approach is required to reduce unnecessary indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) for preventing catheter‐associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of a program to promote appropriate IUC use in stroke care.MethodsWe conducted a prospective interrupted time series study in three tertiary care hospitals in Japan. Adult patients with acute stroke were eligible. The study consisted of three phases: baseline, education and implementation. Our program included an assessment of IUC indications, educational meetings among healthcare professionals, reminders for removal of inappropriate IUC and a urinary retention protocol. The primary outcome was the proportion of inappropriate IUC use to assess effectiveness. The device utilization ratio and incidence of CAUTI were examined to assess effectiveness, and incidences of urinary retention and all symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) were examined to assess safety.ResultsAmong 976 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 738 were analysed. Inappropriate IUC use decreased from 50.1% in the baseline phase to 22.5% in the implementation phase (absolute risk reduction in interrupted time series analysis 42.4% [95% confidence interval, 19.2%–65.6%]). The device utilization ratio decreased from 0.302 to 0.194 (p < 0.001), whereas CAUTI did not change significantly (from 8.81 to 8.28 per 1000 catheter‐days; incidence rate ratio 0.95 [0.44–1.94]). All symptomatic UTI decreased from 9.5% to 4.9% (p = 0.015), with no increase in urinary retention.ConclusionsOur program improved the appropriateness of IUC use in stroke care while ensuring safety.
Thermodynamics analysis for forced air pre‐cooling of cherry
Authors: Liu Fang , Jia Binguang , Li Zichun , Zhang Xiao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractForced air pre‐cooling after harvest of fruit was an indispensable part of modern cold chain logistics. A comprehensive thermodynamics evaluation system of forced air pre‐cooling for cherry was established in this paper using the finite volume method and verified with experimental results. The results showed that the 7/8 pre‐cooling time decreased with increasing air velocity. However, when the air velocity was higher than 2 m/s, the 7/8 pre‐cooling time was not significantly shortened. In addition, 7/8 pre‐cooling time and air velocity coincided with the power function: t7/8 = 42.603v−0.687. The energy consumption of forced air pre‐cooling decreased first (0.5–1.5 m/s) and then increased (1.5–3 m/s) with the increase in air velocity, and the largest difference reached 9.30%. Finally, the inhomogeneity of pre‐cooling was also analyzed. The larger the air velocity was, the lower and earlier of the peak value of inhomogeneity in the forced air pre‐cooling process. When the air velocity exceeded 2 m/s, the change rate of the inhomogeneity of 7/8 pre‐cooling time was less than 5%.Practical applicationsForced air pre‐cooling after harvest of fruit was an indispensable part of modern cold chain logistics. However it can significantly reduce water loss, fruit wilting and rot during storage. In this paper, the air parameters of cherries 7/8 pre‐cooling time, energy consumption and inhomogeneity of pre‐cooling were analyzed by CFD simulation and experiment. According to the results, we can acquire the explicit relationship between 7/8 pre‐cooling time and air velocity. And the influence of air velocity on energy consumption and the inhomogeneity of pre‐cooling. The purpose was to get optimal air parameters for forced air pre‐cooling of cherries.
Siblings' similarities and dissimilarities: A review of theoretical perspectives and empirical insights
Authors: Her Yu‐Chin , Batur Zeynep Zümer , Vergauwen Jorik , Mortelmans Dimitri 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough siblings may differ considerably, the similarities between them are often an important source of emotional support in one's life and influence one's life course trajectories. In this review on the topic of sibling relationship and cross‐sibling effect interactions, we aim to encourage research interest and facilitate knowledge building. We begin our review by highlighting how the parental home may induce differentiation between siblings. Next, we illustrate the theories explaining sibling similarities and differences and discuss the factors that stimulate these. Throughout the review, we do not only highlight the complex mechanisms by which siblings imitate yet differentiate themselves, but also mutually relate to their life courses and education. New understandings of how similarities between siblings can simultaneously act as powerful influences and negative examples are provided.
Apart, but still together: Separated parents living in limbo during COVID‐19
Authors: Allen Katherine R. , Goldberg Abbie E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, parents face unprecedented challenges linked to social isolation, uncertainty about the future, and financial, employment, and school‐related stress. Individuals who planned to separate and divorce before the pandemic now find their lives on hold. In this exploratory study of 14 women who completed an online survey of open‐ and closed‐ended questions regarding the divorce process and parenting challenges during COVID‐19, we were guided by family stress and resilience theory and a directed qualitative content analysis approach to generate a collective story of their experiences, which included four themes: (a) pile‐up of tensions, challenges, and stressors, (b) living in limbo during the pandemic, (c) finding creative strategies and solutions to navigating parenting and relational dissolution, while still living together, and (d) reaching the breaking point. We conclude with implications for professionals seeking to support individuals, couples, and families during a time of unprecedented transition and uncertainty.