bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamical Grooming meets LHC data
Authors: Caucal Paul , Soto-Ontoso Alba , Takacs Adam 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, we analyse the all-orders resummation structure of the momentum sharing fraction, zg, opening angle, θg, and relative transverse momentum, kt,g, of the splitting tagged by the Dynamical Grooming procedure in hadronic collisions. We demonstrate that their resummation does non-exponentiate and it is free of clustering logarithms. Then, we analytically compute the probability distributions of (zg, θg, kt,g) up to next-to-next-to-double logarithm accuracy (N2DL) in the narrow jet limit, including a matching to leading order in αs. On the phenomenological side, we perform an analytic-to-parton level comparison with Pythia and Herwig. We find that differences between the analytic and the Monte-Carlo results are dominated by the infra-red regulator of the parton shower. Further, we present the first analytic comparison to preliminary ALICE data and highlight the role of non-perturbative corrections in such low-pt regime. Once the analytic result is corrected by a phenomenologically determined non-perturbative factor, we find very good agreement with the data.
Sensing, signaling and surviving mitochondrial stress
Authors: Eckl Eva-Maria , Ziegemann Olga , Krumwiede Luisa , Fessler Evelyn , Jae Lucas T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMitochondrial fidelity is a key determinant of longevity and was found to be perturbed in a multitude of disease contexts ranging from neurodegeneration to heart failure. Tight homeostatic control of the mitochondrial proteome is a crucial aspect of mitochondrial function, which is severely complicated by the evolutionary origin and resulting peculiarities of the organelle. This is, on one hand, reflected by a range of basal quality control factors such as mitochondria-resident chaperones and proteases, that assist in import and folding of precursors as well as removal of aggregated proteins. On the other hand, stress causes the activation of several additional mechanisms that counteract any damage that may threaten mitochondrial function. Countermeasures depend on the location and intensity of the stress and on a range of factors that are equipped to sense and signal the nature of the encountered perturbation. Defective mitochondrial import activates mechanisms that combat the accumulation of precursors in the cytosol and the import pore. To resolve proteotoxic stress in the organelle interior, mitochondria depend on nuclear transcriptional programs, such as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and the integrated stress response. If organelle damage is too severe, mitochondria signal for their own destruction in a process termed mitophagy, thereby preventing further harm to the mitochondrial network and allowing the cell to salvage their biological building blocks. Here, we provide an overview of how different types and intensities of stress activate distinct pathways aimed at preserving mitochondrial fidelity.
Over one third of patients with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement display femoral or acetabular version abnormalities
Authors: Arshad Zaki , Maughan Henry David , Sunil Kumar Karadi Hari , Pettit Matthew , Arora Arvind , Khanduja Vikas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was investigate the relationship between version and torsional abnormalities of the acetabulum, femur and tibia in patients with symptomatic FAI.MethodsA systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines using the EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane databases. Original research articles evaluating the described version and torsional parameters in FAI were included. The MINORS criteria were used to appraise study quality and risk of bias. Mean version and torsion values were displayed using forest plots and the estimated proportion of hips displaying abnormalities in version/torsion were calculated.ResultsA total of 1206 articles were identified from the initial search, with 43 articles, involving 8861 hips, meeting the inclusion criteria. All studies evaluating femoral or acetabular version in FAI reported ‘normal’ mean version values (10–25 °). However, distribution analysis revealed that an estimated 31% and 51% of patients with FAI displayed abnormal central acetabular and femoral version, respectively.ConclusionUp to 51% of patients presenting with symptomatic FAI show an abnormal femoral version, whilst up to 31% demonstrate abnormal acetabular version. This high percentage of version abnormalities highlights the importance of evaluating these parameters routinely during assessment of patients with FAI, to guide clinical decision-making.Level of evidenceIV.
Do multinational firms respond to personal dividend income tax rates?
Authors: Eklund M. Jonathan C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study examines the effect of investor-level income taxes on profit repatriation and dividend payout policies of multinational firms. The empirical estimations include two million firm-year observations in 130 countries. By augmenting the Lintner model of dividend payments, I employ parametric as well as semiparametric techniques to provide evidence that income taxes on dividends neither alter dividend payments to investors nor within-firm dividend payments. These results remain robust to a wide range of alternative specifications.
Odd-dimensional orbifolds with all geodesics closed are covered by manifolds
Authors: Amann Manuel , Lange Christian , Radeschi Marco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractManifolds all of whose geodesics are closed have been studied a lot, but there are only few examples known. The situation is different if one allows in addition for orbifold singularities. We show, nevertheless, that the abundance of new examples is restricted to even dimensions. As one key ingredient we provide a characterization of orientable manifolds among orientable orbifolds in terms of characteristic classes.
Comparison of swept-source versus spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography for detection of macular neovascularization
Authors: Lentzsch Anna , Schöllhorn Laura , Schnorr Christel , Siggel Robert , Liakopoulos Sandra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To compare swept-source (SS) versus spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for the detection of macular neovascularization (MNV).

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, 72 eyes of 54 patients with subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) and/or pigment epithelial detachment (PED) on OCT possibly corresponding to MNV in at least one eye were included. OCTA scans were acquired using two devices, the PLEX Elite 9000 SS-OCTA and the Spectralis SD-OCTA. Fluorescein angiography (FA) was used as reference. Two graders independently evaluated en face OCTA images using a preset slab as well as a manually modified slab, followed by a combination of en face and cross-sectional OCTA.

Results
Sensitivity (specificity) for the automated slabs was 51.7% (93.0%) for SS-OCTA versus 58.6% (95.3%) for SD-OCTA. Manual modification of segmentation increased sensitivity to 79.3% for SS-OCTA but not for SD-OCTA (58.6%). The combination of en face OCTA with cross-sectional OCTA reached highest sensitivity values (SS-OCTA: 82.8%, SD-OCTA: 86.2%), and lowest number of cases with discrepancies between SS-OCTA and SD-OCTA (4.2%). Fleiss kappa as measure of concordance between FA, SS-OCTA, and SD-OCTA was 0.56 for the automated slabs, 0.60 for the manual slabs, and 0.73 (good agreement) for the combination of en face OCTA with cross-sectional OCTA. Concordance to FA was moderate for the automated slabs and good for manual slabs and combination with cross-sectional OCTA of both devices.

Conclusion
Both devices reached comparable results regarding the detection of MNV on OCTA. Sensitivity for MNV detection and agreement between devices was best when evaluating a combination of en face and cross-sectional OCTA.
Highly pleiotropic variants of human traits are enriched in genomic regions with strong background selection
Authors: Novo Irene , López-Cortegano Eugenio , Caballero Armando 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent studies have shown the ubiquity of pleiotropy for variants affecting human complex traits. These studies also show that rare variants tend to be less pleiotropic than common ones, suggesting that purifying natural selection acts against highly pleiotropic variants of large effect. Here, we investigate the mean frequency, effect size and recombination rate associated with pleiotropic variants, and focus particularly on whether highly pleiotropic variants are enriched in regions with putative strong background selection. We evaluate variants for 41 human traits using data from the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog, as well as data from other three studies. Our results show that variants involving a higher degree of pleiotropy tend to be more common, have larger mean effect sizes, and contribute more to heritability than variants with a lower degree of pleiotropy. This is consistent with the fact that variants of large effect and frequency are more likely detected by GWAS. Using data from four different studies, we also show that more pleiotropic variants are enriched in genome regions with stronger background selection than less pleiotropic variants, suggesting that highly pleiotropic variants are subjected to strong purifying selection. From the above results, we hypothesized that a number of highly pleiotropic variants of low effect/frequency may pass undetected by GWAS.
Lithofacies and eruptive conditions of the southernmost volcanoes in the world (87° S)
Authors: Smellie J. L. , Panter K. S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeogene volcanic centres are uncommon in the Transantarctic Mountains but at least three basaltic examples occur within 300 km of South Pole, above 2200 m asl and inland of the margin of the West Antarctic Rift System. They are the southernmost volcanoes on Earth and have yielded Early—mid Miocene isotopic ages. Two of the centres, at Mt Early and Sheridan Bluff, have been examined. The centre at Mt Early is unequivocally glaciovolcanic. It formed a tall monogenetic volcanic edifice at least 1 km high and > 1.5 km in diameter. It erupted under significantly thicker-than-modern ice, which was probably a fast-moving ice stream at the eruptive site and resulted in a distinctive constructive architecture and lithofacies. It is the first described example of a glaciovolcano erupted beneath an ice stream. The characteristics of the second centre at Sheridan Bluff indicate that it was also a monogenetic volcano but with a shield-like profile, originally c. 6 km in basal diameter but just c. 400 m high. It probably erupted in a substantial pluvial lake in an ice-poor or ice-free environment. The strongly contrasting eruptive settings now identified by the volcanic sequences at both centres examined testify to a highly dynamic Antarctic Ice Sheet during the Early—mid Miocene.
Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy using RUBINA™ technology: preliminary experience in two pediatric surgery centers
Authors: Esposito Ciro , Alberti Daniele , Settimi Alessandro , Pecorelli Silvia , Boroni Giovanni , Montanaro Beatrice , Escolino Maria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Recently, we reported the feasibility of indocyanine green (ICG) near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging to identify extrahepatic biliary anatomy during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in pediatric patients. This paper aimed to describe the use of a new technology, RUBINA™, to perform intra-operative ICG fluorescent cholangiography (FC) in pediatric LC.

Methods
During the last year, ICG-FC was performed during LC using the new technology RUBINA™ in two pediatric surgery units. The ICG dosage was 0.35 mg/Kg and the median timing of administration was 15.6 h prior to surgery. Patient baseline, intra-operative details, rate of biliary anatomy identification, utilization ease, and surgical outcomes were assessed.

Results
Thirteen patients (11 girls), with median age at surgery of 12.9 years, underwent LC using the new RUBINA™ technology. Six patients (46.1%) had associated comorbidities and five (38.5%) were practicing drug therapy. Pre-operative workup included ultrasound (n = 13) and cholangio-MRI (n = 5), excluding biliary and/or vascular anatomical anomalies. One patient needed conversion to open surgery and was excluded from the study. The median operative time was 96.9 min (range 55–180). Technical failure of intra-operative ICG-NIRF visualization occurred in 2/12 patients (16.7%). In the other cases, ICG-NIRF allowed to identify biliary/vascular anatomic anomalies in 4/12 (33.3%), including Moynihan's hump of the right hepatic artery (n = 1), supravescicular bile duct (n = 1), and short cystic duct (n = 2). No allergic or adverse reactions to ICG, post-operative complications, or reoperations were reported.

Conclusion
Our preliminary experience suggested that the new RUBINA™ technology was very effective to perform ICG-FC during LC in pediatric patients. The advantages of this technology include the possibility to overlay the ICG-NIRF data onto the standard white light image and provide surgeons a constant fluorescence imaging of the target anatomy to assess position of critical biliary structures or presence of anatomical anomalies and safely perform the operation.
Development of a one-item version of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale
Authors: Bela Andela Stephanie , Lamprecht Ragna , John Mike T. , Pattanaik Swaha , Reissmann Daniel R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Orofacial appearance is increasingly recognized as an important dental patient-reported outcome making instrument development and refinement efforts to measure the outcome better necessary. The aim of this study was to derive a one-item version of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES).

Materials and methods
OES data were collected from a consecutive sample of a total of 2113 adult English- or Spanish-speaking dental patients from HealthPartners dental clinic in Minnesota. Participants with missing data were excluded and analysis were performed using data from 2012 participants. Orofacial appearance was assessed with the English and the Spanish language version of the OES. Linear regression analysis was performed, with the OES item 8 (“Overall, how do you feel about the appearance of your face, your mouth, and your teeth?”) as the predictor variable and the OES summary score as the criterion variable, to calculate the adjusted coefficients of determination (R2).

Results
The value of adjusted R2 was 0.83, indicating that the OES item 8 score explained about 83% of the variance of the OES summary score. The difference in R2 scores between the two language groups was negligible.

Conclusion
The OES item 8 can be used for the one-item OES (OES-1). It is a psychometrically sound instrument for measuring orofacial appearance.

Clinical relevance
Due to its easy application and sufficient psychometric properties, the OES-1 can be used effectively as an alternative to longer OES instruments in all areas of dental practice and research.
Identifikation von Fahrertypen im Kontext des automatisierten Fahrens
Authors: Schlüter Jan , Hellmann Marco , Weyer Johannes 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Straßenverkehr existieren unterschiedliche Konzepte zur Identifikation von Fahrertypen, die sich hinsichtlich Fahrverhalten und Einstellung zum Fahren unterscheiden. Im Rahmen der Automatisierung von Fahraufgaben gilt es zu überprüfen, wie diese Konzepte an die Herausforderungen veränderter Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion angepasst werden müssen und ob sich neuartige Fahrertypen identifizieren lassen. Auf Basis bestehender Typisierungen aus der Verkehrspsychologie sowie Erkenntnissen der Automationsforschung werden dazu die Konzepte des „Driving Style“ und „Driving Skill“ weiterentwickelt, um Fahrertypen im Kontext des automatisierten Fahrens zu identifizieren. In einer großzahligen Online-Umfrage wurden drei Fahrertypen identifiziert, die sich insbesondere hinsichtlich ihrer Einstellung zum automatisierten Fahren unterscheiden. In einer experimentellen Studie im Fahrsimulator kann anschließend gezeigt werden, dass diese Fahrertypen die Automation im Fahrzeug jeweils anders erleben und daher differenzierte Ansprüche an diese richten. Insgesamt deuten die Studienergebnisse darauf hin, dass die Akzeptanz des automatisierten Fahrens durch nutzergerechte Technik gefördert werden könnte. Die Ergebnisse dienen dazu, die jeweiligen Fahrertypen, ihre Einstellungen und ihre Nutzungspräferenzen im Kontext des automatisierten Fahrens besser zu verstehen und erste Ansatzpunkte für deren Berücksichtigung in der adaptiven Technikentwicklung zu identifizieren.
Multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of tendinous foot involvement in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Macarrón Pérez Pilar , Morales Lozano María del Rosario , Vadillo Font Cristina , Abásolo Alcázar Lidia , Martínez Rincón Carmen , Fernández Gutiérrez Benjamin , Blanco Hontiyuelo Margarita , González-Fernández María Luz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis frequently consult for pain resulting from involvement of the tendons of the foot. This pain negatively affects foot biomechanics and quality of life. The most widely used treatment option for this condition is ultrasound-guided steroid injection, while other treatments were recommended such as heel pad, splints, and footwear.

Objective
To evaluate a joint intervention (rheumatology and podiatry) comprising an orthotic-podiatric treatment and infiltrations. We evaluated the response using ultrasound monitoring, a pain scale, functional tests, and assessment of patient satisfaction.

Methods
We performed a non-controlled blinded prospective interventional study of 96 patients with foot pain and selected those with ultrasound-confirmed tendon involvement. Patients enrolled started intervention treatment and were followed for 6 months. The outcome of the intervention was compared with the patient’s baseline status. The pre-post differences in the secondary variables (pain, disability) were analyzed using the t test and contingency tables or the Mann–Whitney test.

Results
Using our protocol, we recorded a rapid and significant reduction in the intensity of pain, in the foot function index, and in the ultrasound parameters (grayscale and Doppler). Structural damage to the tendon improved more slowly, with significant outcomes only at the last visit with respect to baseline. Abnormal foot support was detected in 50% of patients, and 79.5% were using inappropriate footwear.

Conclusions
Our multidisciplinary therapeutic protocol enabled a very significant improvement in tendon involvement. It was well-tolerated, with a high degree of satisfaction, and was easily evaluated using ultrasound. No changes in background medication were necessary.

Key Points• Multidisciplinary evaluation of patients with RA is advisable because it improves the treatment management in cases of inflammatory activity and structural abnormalities of the foot.• Comprising orthopedic-podiatric treatment (heel, splints, and suitable footwear) and infiltrations, in terms of clinical, ultrasound, and functional recovery of the foot tendons.• The therapy protocol we propose led to a significant improvement in pain relief and functional recovery.
Understanding the acceleration phenomenon via high-resolution differential equations
Authors: Shi Bin , Du Simon S. , Jordan Michael I. , Su Weijie J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGradient-based optimization algorithms can be studied from the perspective of limiting ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Motivated by the fact that existing ODEs do not distinguish between two fundamentally different algorithms—Nesterov’s accelerated gradient method for strongly convex functions (NAG-) and Polyak’s heavy-ball method—we study an alternative limiting process that yields high-resolution ODEs. We show that these ODEs permit a general Lyapunov function framework for the analysis of convergence in both continuous and discrete time. We also show that these ODEs are more accurate surrogates for the underlying algorithms; in particular, they not only distinguish between NAG- and Polyak’s heavy-ball method, but they allow the identification of a term that we refer to as “gradient correction” that is present in NAG- but not in the heavy-ball method and is responsible for the qualitative difference in convergence of the two methods. We also use the high-resolution ODE framework to study Nesterov’s accelerated gradient method for (non-strongly) convex functions, uncovering a hitherto unknown result—that NAG- minimizes the squared gradient norm at an inverse cubic rate. Finally, by modifying the high-resolution ODE of NAG-, we obtain a family of new optimization methods that are shown to maintain the accelerated convergence rates of NAG- for smooth convex functions.
Whole-Genome sequencing and comparative genomics of Mycobacterium spp. from farmed Atlantic and coho salmon in Chile
Authors: Suarez Rudy , Kusch Karina , Miranda Claudio D. , Li Tianlu , Campanini Javier , Behra Phani Rama Krishna , Aro Luis , Martínez Alexis , Godoy Marcos , Medina Daniel A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeveral members of the Mycobacterium genus cause invasive infections in humans and animals. According to a recent phylogenetic analysis, some strains of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum (Msal), which are the main culprit in bacterial outbreaks in freshwater fish aquaculture, have been assigned to a separate branch containing Mycobacterium franklinii (Mfra), another species that causes infections in humans. However, this genus is little studied in an aquaculture context. Here, we isolated four Mycobacterium spp. strains from freshwater cultures of Atlantic and coho salmon in Chile and performed whole-genome sequencing for deep genomic characterization. In addition, we described the gross pathology and histopathology of the outbreaks. Several bioinformatic analyses were performed using the genomes of these four Mycobacterium isolates in conjunction with those of Msal strains, four Msal-like strains, and one Mfra strains, plus 17 other publicly available Mycobacterium genomes. We found that three isolates are clustered into the Msal branch, whereas one isolate clustered with the Mfra/Msal-like strains. We further evaluated the presence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes and observed that the four isolates were closely related to the Msal and Msal-like taxa and carried several antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes that are similar to those of other pathogenic members of the Mycobacterium clade. Altogether, our characterization Msal and Msal-like presented here shed new light on the basis of mycobacteriosis provides quantitative evidence that Mycobacterium strains are a potential risk for aquaculture asetiological agents of emerging diseases, and highlight their biological scopes in the aquaculture industry.