bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUNG OUT TO DRY? ATTORNEY-CLIENT CONFIDENTIALITY AND THE REPORTING DUTIES IMPOSED BY THE FINANCIAL INTELLIGENCE CENTRE ACT 38 OF 2001
Authors: Daleen Millard  , Viviana Vergano  
Published: October 2021

According to the South African Law Reform Commission, money laundering is the manipulation of illegally acquired wealth in order to obscure its true source or nature. This is achieved by performing a series of transactions with the proceeds of criminal activities that, if successful, will leave the illegally derived proceeds appearing as a product of legitimate transactions or investments. Professional money laundering assists and strengthens organised crime and may contribute to the undermining of the civil society and the financial system of a country. Attorneys as professionals are no doubt in a precarious position. On the one hand there is the duty to keep in confidence private information pertaining to clients’ affairs which is no doubt essential to the attorney-client relationship and on the other hand there is the duty to the community to uphold the ethics of the profession. Attorneys may find that they are caught between these seemingly conflicting duties and the question is which duty is more important. This article weighs the newly-imposed duties on the legal profession pertaining to money laundering against the equally important principle of attorney-client privilege and asks whether it is possible to reconcile anti-money laundering obligations with legal professional privilege. The article considers the latter duty in light of the ethics of the legal profession in South Africa and the foundation of legal professional conduct. In addition, the position in the United Kingdom and in Canada is also considered. Against this background it is argued that there is no need to regulate the South African professional legal industry any further. Until FICA’s reporting provisions are formally challenged in the Constitutional Court, attorneys will continue to remain uncertain as totheir position, notwithstanding the fact that guidance notes have been issued to aid attorneys in this regard. In order to comply with FICA and simultaneously preserve the attorney-client relationship, attorneys need to educate clients on the provisions of FICA. Furthermore, legal practitioners should have a sound legal knowledge of FICA in order help the State combat organised crime and laundering activities. Finally, it is advisable to keep up to date with the latest guidelines which regarding the independence of the profession; possible infringements of the fundamental right to privacy and potential threats to the confidential attorney-client relationship. It is the awareness of this precarious balance that will ensure compliance with the FICA without causing the attorneys’ profession to lose its credibility.
Migration-Based Local Event-Location Workflow for Ocean-Bottom Seismometer (OBS) Records in Subduction Zones: A Practical Approach for Addressing a Large Number of Events
Authors: Yoneshima Shinji , Mochizuki Kimihiro 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
An efficient event-location workflow is highly desired to analyze large numbers of local earthquakes recorded by ocean-bottom seismometers (OBSs) in subduction zones. The present study proposes a migration-based event-location approach for evaluating OBS records to examine local subduction-zone earthquakes. This approach can significantly reduce the amount of manual time picks compared with conventional methods. The event-location workflow was designed to detect arrival onsets of both P and S phases. Synthetic tests have shown that the proposed migration-based event-location method is robust against different types of noise, such as environmental noise and local spike noise. This workflow was then applied to real OBS data in the off-Ibaraki region at the southern end of the Japan trench. The results show that this approach is applicable to real data from subduction-zone events: It gives reasonable agreement with manual time picks for both P and S waves and reasonable error bars, and it demonstrates a clear down-dip trend of seismicity. The results also show fair agreement with event distributions from previous studies of the off-Ibaraki region. This proposed workflow can be used to examine the seismicity of local earthquakes around the subduction zone using OBSs. This approach is especially effective when the seismicity is high and/or in cases in which long-term OBS monitoring has recorded a large number of events.
REAÇÕES ADVERSAS A ALIMENTOS E ACEITABILIDADE DO CARDÁPIO ESCOLAR POR CRIANÇAS ASSISTIDAS PELO PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE ALIMENTAÇÃO ESCOLAR– PNAE
Authors: Ramos Bruna Ferreira , Silva Bruna Amaral Felício , Pereira Mariana Mendes , Vita Danielle Aguiar , Fonseca Geralda Kelen , Soares Wellington Danilo 
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: verificar as principais reações adversas a alimento, a aceitabilidade do cardápio escolar por crianças assistidas pelo PNAE. Casuística e métodos: Foram avaliadas crianças com alergia alimentar de escolas públicas municipais. Foi aplicado o Teste de Aceitabilidade da Escala Hedônica e um questionário semi-estruturado que abordava sobre os lanches levados de casa, além de um questionário adaptado com questões socioeconômicas aos responsáveis das crianças. Foi aplicada a análise de frequência absoluta. Resultados: 77 crianças compuseram a amostra, A maioria das crianças apresentaram múltiplas reações adversas alimentares. Dessas reações adversas, destacar-se a intolerância à lactose, seguida da alergia a proteína do leite, alergia a ovo e intolerância ao açúcar simples. Com relação ao teste de aceitabilidade do cardápio, houve um alto índice de aceitação. A maioria dos avaliados relataram não levar lanches para a escola, e os que levam, na sua maior parte, levam todos os dias. Houve uma maior prevalência dos alimentos energéticos e processados, como bolachas frutas, bolo e biscoitos nas lancheiras. A justificativa mais apontada pelas mães ou responsáveis, para que seus filhos levem lanche para a escola, foi por não considerarem o lanche ofertado pela escola, não compatível com a restrição alimentar do filho. Conclusão: Um grande percentual de múltipla reação adversa alimentar foi relatado, isso chama a atenção para a implementação de abordagens nutricionais envolvendo as crianças, famílias e a escola a fim de proporcionar maior segurança aos pais em relação aos alimentos ofertados.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF (E)-3-(3-(4-OXO-4H-CHROMEN-3-YL)ACRYLOYL) 2H-CHROMEN-2-ONE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Shatokhin S. S. , Tuskaev V. A. , Gagieva S. Ch. , Pozdnyakov D. I. , Oganesyan E. T. 
Published: October 2021

The aimis based on the results of thein silicoprediction, to obtain and characterize a number of (E)-3-(3-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)acryloyl)-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives, and also to study their antioxidant activity.Materials and methods.The synthesis of the target compounds was carried out by condensation of substituted 3-formylchromones and 3-acetylcoumarins under the acid catalysis conditions.1H NMR spectra were recorded on the instruments of Bruker Avance-400 (400 MHz) and Bruker Avance-300 (300 MHz) in the solutions of CDCl3or DMSO-d6. Mass spectra (ESI) were obtained on a Finnigan LCQ Advantage mass spectrometer (USA). The melting points of the compounds were determined on a PTP (M) instrument. Quantum-chemical calculations were carried out on the basis of a density functional theory using the Gaussian 09 program using the B3LYP/6-311G (d, p) method, as well as using the Way2Drug (PASS Online) online service. The antiradical activity of the compounds was studied by the DPPH test, and the chelating properties were assessed by theo-phenanthroline method.Results.15 derivatives of (E)-3-(3-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)acryloyl)-2H-chromen-2-one have been obtained and characterized. The calculations based on the density functional theory showed that the highest occupied molecular orbital exhibiting electron-donating properties is localized on the propenone fragment, which confirms the likelihood of the manifestation of antiradical properties. According to the prediction of the probable spectrum of the biological activity, the obtained compounds are more likely to exhibit their direct antioxidant activity. According to the results of thein vitrostudy of the antioxidant activity, it was found out that compounds 1-15 are the most active in relation to the DPPH radical, which confirms the obtained prognostic data.Conclusion.Thus, based on thein silicoprediction data, 15 derivatives of (E)-3-(3-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)acryloyl)-2H-chromen-2-one have been obtained and characterized, for which the method antioxidant activity has been studiedin vitro. It was found out that compounds 1-15 exhibit the antiradical activity to a large extent.
Influence of Grain Size Transition on Flow and Solute Transport through 3D Layered Porous Media
Authors: Dou Zhi , Zhang Xueyi , Wang Jinguo , Chen Zhou , Wei Yunbo , Zhou Zhifang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Soils and other geologic porous media often have contrasting grain size layers associated with a grain size transition zone between layers. However, this transition zone is generally simplified to a plane of zero thickness for modeling assumption, and its influence has always been neglected in previous studies. In this study, an approach combining a deposition process and a random packing process was developed to generate 3D porous media without and with consideration of the transition zone. The direct numerical models for solving the flow and concentration fields were implemented to investigate the influence of the grain size transition on flow and solute transport. Our results showed that although the transition zone occupied 13.6% of the entire layered porous medium, it had little influence on the distribution of flow velocity at the scale of the entire layered porous medium. However, the transition zone had a significant influence on the local flow field, which was associated with the increased spatial variability of velocity and the varied distribution of flow velocity. This varied local flow field could increase the solute residence time and delay the breakthrough time for solute transport. Although using both the advection-dispersion equation (ADE) and the mobile and immobile (MIM) models to fit the breakthrough curves (BTCs) for solute transport through layered porous media resulted in trivial errors, the ADE model failed to capture the influence induced by the local flow field, especially the influence of the transition zone. In contrast, the MIM model was shown to be able to capture the influence of the transition on solute transport. It was found that the mass transfer rate α, a parameter of the MIM model, was significantly improved by the presence of the transition zone, while it decreased as the transition zone fraction increased. Our study emphasized that the transition zone can vary the local flow field at the pore scale, while it has little influence on the hydraulic properties (e.g., hydraulic conductivity) of the macroscale flow field. However, the local flow field varied by the transition zone has a significant influence on solute transport.
Proppant and Fracture Height Measurement from Forgotten Vertical Well Diagnostics
Authors: Squires Christopher Lawrence 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper reviews the diagnostic data from vertical wells where operators targeted Burkett, Hamilton and Marcellus Shales and other deeper unconventional shale or tight gas reservoirs with vertical wells between the years 2006-2013. The learnings are then translated for their applicability in horizontal development wells. Its purpose is to deliver a better perception of fracture geometry and interactions between payzones that are separated by potential fracture barriers.
Multiple vertical wells employed the use of diagnostics in the form of proppant tracer, production logging and post-fracture temperature surveys to provide an improved understanding of hydraulic fracture and propped fracture height and the formations that serve as hydraulic fracture barriers. Completions variables such as treating rates, proppant volumes, perforation designs and frac fluid systems are examined to determine how they relate to propped fracture height growth.
In the majority of the logs reviewed, the proppant was contained to the perforated interval or just above and below. Some wells did have extensive proppant height growth. However, in most of those cases, the propped fracture height was the result of poor cement bonding, multiple fractured intervals growing towards one another and frac plug failures. As expected, hydraulic fracture height is typically significantly higher than the proppant height. Few vertical wells showed evidence of proppant connecting the Marcellus and Burkett zones. Formations acting as fracture barriers did not respond to many of the completions variables. Large treatment volumes, up to 500,000 lbs or more of proppant in a single stage, are often contained to propped fracture heights of less than 50 ft.
Few vertical unconventional wells are currently drilled now that most economic Marcellus fairways are well into their development phase. Vertical wells and their learnings are often forgotten with the many personnel and role changes, acquisitions, mergers and other fast paced changes in the industry over the last decade. The purpose of this paper is to reintroduce the valuable and still relevant vital information from these forgotten vertical wells.
On Improving Algorithm Efficiency of Gas-Kick Simulations toward Automated Influx Management: A Robertson Differential-Algebraic-Equation Problem Approach
Authors: Wei Chen , Chen Yuanhang 
Published: October 2021

Summary
Improved numerical efficiency in simulating wellbore gas-influx behaviors is essential for realizing real-time model-prediction-based gas-influx management in wells equipped with managed-pressure-drilling (MPD) systems. Currently, most solution algorithms for high-fidelity multiphase-flow models are highly time consuming and are not suitable for real-time decision making and control. In the application of model-predictive controllers (MPCs), long calculation time can lead to large overshoots and low control efficiency.
This paper presents a drift-flux-model (DFM)-based gas-influx simulator with a novel numerical scheme for improved computational efficiency. The solution algorithm to a Robertson problem as differential algebraic equations (DAEs) was used as the numerical scheme to solve the control equations of the DFM in this study. The numerical stability and computational efficiency of this numerical scheme and the widely used flux-splitting methods are compared and analyzed. Results show that the Robertson DAE problem approach significantly reduces the total number of arithmetic operations and the computational time compared with the hybrid advection-upstream-splitting method (AUSMV) while maintaining the same prediction accuracy. According to the “Big-O notation” analysis, the Robertson DAE approach shows a lower-order growth of computational complexity, proving its good potential in enhancing numerical efficiency, especially when handling simulations with larger scales. The validation of both the numerical schemes for the solution of the DFM was performed using measured data from a test well drilled with water-based mud (WBM).
This study offers a novel numerical solution to the DFM that can significantly reduce the computational time required for gas-kick simulation while maintaining high prediction accuracy. This approach enables the application of high-fidelity two-phase-flow models in model-prediction-based decision making and automated influx management with MPD systems.
Numerical Study on Proppant Transport in Hydraulic Fractures Using a Pseudo-3D Model for Multilayered Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Xi , Yang Lifeng , Weng Dingwei , Wang Zhen , Jeffrey Robert G. 
Published: October 2021

Summary
In this paper, we incorporated a kinematic proppant transport model for spherical suspensions in hydraulic fractures developed by Dontsov and Peirce (2014) in a pseudo-3D hydraulic-fracture simulator for multilayered rocks to capture a different proppant transport speed than fluid flow and abridged fracture channel by highly concentrated suspensions. For pressure-driven proppant transport, the bridges made of compact proppant particles can lead to both proppant distribution discontinuity and increased fracture aperture and height because of the higher pressure. The model is applied to growth of a fracture from a vertical well, which can contain thin-bedded intervals and more than one opened hydraulic-fracture interval, because the fracture plane extends in height through layers with contrasts in stress and material properties. Three numerical examples demonstrate that a loss of vertical connectivity can occur among multiple fracture sections, and proppant particles are transported along the more compliant layers. The proppant migration within a narrow fracture in a thin soft rock layer can result in bridging and formation of a proppant plug that strongly limits fluid speed. This generates an increase of injection pressure associated with fracture screenout, and these screenout events can emerge at different places along the fracture. Next, because of the lack of pretreatment geomechanical data, the values of layer stress and leakoff coefficient are adjusted for a field case so that the varying bottomhole pressure and fracture length are in line with the field measurements. This paper provides a useful illustration for hydraulic-fracturing treatments with proppant transport affected by and interacting with reservoir lithological complexities.
Synthesis, Characterization and USW Sensor of PEO/PMMA/PVP Doped with Zirconium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Obaid Karar Abdali 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Piezoelectric phenomena is very important for various applications such as ultrasound waves (USW) sensor and pressure sensors. The raw materials from polyethylene oxide (PEO), Poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) and poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) polymer blends were doped with 0.02,0.04 and 0.06 wt% from zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles (NPs) as a nanocomposites (NCs). The resultant films were prepared by dry casting method. The optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to satisfied from the SiO2NPs diffusion in the blend. The SiO2NPs were good diffused inside the blend with some weak aggregation happened in the high content of NPs. The composite films were diagnosed by FTIR. The USW properties were measured for k1 spaceman with various frequencies (25,30,…,45) MHz. The USW coefficients were clearly effected by the frequency varied. The resulted composite film was succeeded to be used as USW sensor, also these findings could help to realize these new NCs as promising materials for wide applications, such as backlight, car glass and UV filters.
Genetic Diversity of Toxigenic Fusarium Verticillioidesassociated with Maize Grains in India
Authors: Navale Vishwambar , Vankudoth KoteswaraRao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Genetic diversity of Fusarium species associated with maize grains were analyzed from ten states of India. Fusarium verticillioides (88.52%), F. coffeatum (6.55%), F. foetens (3.27%) and F. euwallaceae (1.63%) were recovered from the maize samples. A phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1-α) gene sequence formed five evolutionary lineages (EL) that showed both inter- and intra-species variability. A In-vitro pathogenicity study confirms that among the 61 strains, 51% exhibited high to moderate virulence to the maize, and produced one or more mycotoxins. The genetic diversity of F. verticillioides were evaluated using Inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) fingerprints. The ISSR fingerprints (AG)8C and (AG)8G shown 252 and 368 microsatellites sites, respectively, in the genome of F. verticillioides. The (AG)8C fingerprints differentiated the pathogenic and non-pathogenic clustering of F. verticillioides. However, Simpson’s (SID), and Shannon’s (H) index showed a wide range of diversity within the F. verticillioides. The pleomorphic nature of these strains role in host pathogen interactions and adoptive potential to develop disease to crop plants. Toxigenic potential of F. verticillioides was evaluated for the presence of FUM1and FUM13 genes involved in fumonisins B1 (FB1) biosynthesis, and further confirmed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed 91% strains were FB1 producers. The current finding demonstrated that most F. vertcillioides strains showed a wide range of genetic diversity with varied toxigenic and pathogenic potentials. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop an effective resistant breeding program in maize, and further monitoring is necessary for the post-harvest losses of grains.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Diagnosis Based on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Sharifrazi Danial , Alizadehsani Roohallah , Izadi Navid Hoseini , Roshanzamir Mohamad , Shoeibi Afshin , Khozeimeh Fahime , Sani Fariba Alizadeh , Sani Zahra Alizadeh , Hussain Sadiq , Harlapur Chandrashekhar , Gorriz Juan M. , Khosravi Abbas , Nahavandi Saeid , Sarrafzadegan Nizal , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) can lead to serious cardiac problems. HCM is often diagnosed by an expert using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) images obtained from patients. In this research, we aimed to develop a deep learning technique to automate HCM diagnosis. CMR images of 37421 healthy and 21846 HCM patients were obtained during two years. Images obtained from female patients form 53% of the collected dataset. The mean and standard deviation of the dataset patients’ age are 48.2 and 19.5 years, respectively. Three experts inspected images and determined whether a case has HCM or not. New data augmentation was used to generate new images by employing color filtering on the existing ones. To classify the augmented images, we used a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time CNN is used for HCM diagnosis. We designed our CNN from scratch to reach acceptable diagnosis accuracy. Comparing the designed algorithm output with the experts’ opinions, the method could achieve accuracy of 95.23%, recall of 97.90%, and specificity of 93.06% on the original dataset. The same performance metrics for the designed algorithm on the augmented dataset were 98.53%, 98.70%, and 95.21%, respectively. We have also experimented with different optimizers (e.g. Adadelta and Adagrad) and other data augmentation methods (e.g. height shift and rotation) to further evaluate the proposed method. Using our data augmentation method, accuracy of 98.53% were achieved which is higher than the best accuracy (95.83%) obtained by the other data augmentation methods which have been evaluated. The upper bound on difference between true error rate and empirical error rate of the proposed method has also been provided in order to present better performance analysis. The advantages of employing the proposed method are elimination of contrast agent and its complications, decreased CMR examination time, lower costs for patients and cardiac imaging centers.