bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using replicate hybrid zones to understand the genomic basis of adaptive divergence
Authors: Westram Anja M. , Faria Rui , Johannesson Kerstin , Butlin Roger 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCombining hybrid zone analysis with genomic data is a promising approach to understanding the genomic basis of adaptive divergence. It allows for the identification of genomic regions underlying barriers to gene flow. It also provides insights into spatial patterns of allele frequency change, informing about the interplay between environmental factors, dispersal and selection. However, when only a single hybrid zone is analysed, it is difficult to separate patterns generated by selection from those resulting from chance. Therefore, it is beneficial to look for repeatable patterns across replicate hybrid zones in the same system. We applied this approach to the marine snailLittorina saxatilis, which contains two ecotypes, adapted to wave‐exposed rocks vs. high‐predation boulder fields. The existence of numerous hybrid zones between ecotypes offered the opportunity to test for the repeatability of genomic architectures and spatial patterns of divergence. We sampled and phenotyped snails from seven replicate hybrid zones on the Swedish west coast and genotyped them for thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Shell shape and size showed parallel clines across all zones. Many genomic regions showing steep clines and/or high differentiation were shared among hybrid zones, consistent with a common evolutionary history and extensive gene flow between zones, and supporting the importance of these regions for divergence. In particular, we found that several large putative inversions contribute to divergence in all locations. Additionally, we found evidence for consistent displacement of clines from the boulder–rock transition. Our results demonstrate patterns of spatial variation that would not be accessible without continuous spatial sampling, a large genomic data set and replicate hybrid zones.
Learning in lockdown: Using the COVID‐19 crisis to teach children about food and climate change
Authors: Kluczkovski A. , Lait R. , Martins C. A. , Reynolds C. , Smith P. , Woffenden Z. , Lynch J. , Frankowska A. , Harris F. , Johnson D. , Halford J. C. G. , Cook J. , Tereza da Silva J. , Schmidt Rivera X. , Huppert J. L. , Lord M. , Mclaughlin J. , Bridle S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFood systems are significant sources of global greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). Since emission intensity varies greatly between different foods, changing food choices towards those with lower GHGE could make an important contribution to mitigating climate change. Public engagement events offer an opportunity to communicate these multifaceted issues and raise awareness about the climate change impact of food choices. An interdisciplinary team of researchers was preparing food and climate change educational activities for summer 2020. However, the COVID‐19 pandemic and lockdown disrupted these plans. In this paper, we report on shifting these events online over the month of June 2020. We discuss what we did and the reception to our online programme. We then reflect on and highlight issues that arose. These relate to: (1) the power dynamics of children, diet and climate change; (2) mental health, diet and COVID‐19; (3) engaging the wider science, agriculture and food communities; (4) the benefits of being unfunded and the homemade nature of this programme; (5) the food system, STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics) and diversity; and (6) how our work fits into our ongoing journey of food and climate change education.
OsbHLH98 regulates leaf angle in rice through transcriptional repression of OsBUL1
Authors: Guo Jiangfan , Li Wei , Shang Lianguang , Wang Yuguang , Yan Peng , Bai Youhuang , Da Xiaowen , Wang Kai , Guo Qianqian , Jiang Ruirui , Mao Chuanzao , Mo Xiaorong 
Published: February 2021

Summary

Leaf angle is an important agronomic trait in cereals that helps determine plant yield by affecting planting density. However, the regulation mechanism of leaf angle remained elusive.

Here, we show that OsbHLH98, a rice bHLH transcription factor, negatively regulates leaf angle. osbhlh98 mutant leaves formed a larger leaf angle, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing OsbHLH98 exhibited a slight reduction in leaf angle.

We determined that the changes in leaf angle resulted from increased number and size of parenchyma cells on the adaxial side of the lamina joint in osbhlh98 mutants. Experiments using reporter constructs showed that OsbHLH98 is expressed on the adaxial side of lamina joints, consistent with its proposed function in regulating leaf angle. Furthermore, we established by chromatin immunoprecipitation and CUT&RUN that OsBUL1 is a direct downstream target of OsbHLH98. Transactivation assays and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) analysis indicated that OsbHLH98 represses OsBUL1 transcription.

Our results demonstrate that OsbHLH98 negatively regulates leaf angle by counteracting brassinosteroid‐induced cell elongation via the repression of OsBUL1 transcription. The characterization of OsbHLH98 and its role in determining leaf angle will lay the foundation to develop the ideal plant architecture for adaptation to high planting density.
Dehiscence rate in wound closed with cyanoacrylate and black braided silk after surgical removal of impacted third molar: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Raut Vaibhav D. , Kumar Santhosh , Raut Sanyukta , Bhate Kalyani , Singh Manju , Kakodkar Pradnya , Waknis Pushkar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of dehiscence rate in wound closed with cyanoacrylate and black braided silk after surgical removal of impacted third molar.Materials and MethodsThis review is based on PRISMA guidelines and the review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019097294). An electronic search of PubMed (Medline), Google Scholar, Cochrane database, EbSCOhost, cross referencing and hand search of journals was carried out. The studies published in English literature from 1 January 2008 to 31 March 2019, where wound closure was done using black braided silk suture and cyanoacrylate following third molar surgery, and those reporting dehiscence rate after a minimum follow‐up of 7 days, were included. The event of occurrence of dehiscence in the two groups was used to calculate the risk ratio using the random effects model (Mantel–Haenszel model) at 95% CI.ResultsOf the 309 articles, three unique studies were identified for the review. Of these, two were randomized controlled trials. A total of 190 patients were included in these three trials. Total of seven events of dehiscence were observed in the cyanoacrylate group as compared to eight in the suture group. The meta‐analysis results indicate that there was no statistically significant difference in the dehiscence rate, RR 0.74, 95% CI (0.13–4.13), with a heterogeneity of I2 = 56%.ConclusionThere is no difference in the dehiscence rate of wound closed with cyanoacrylate and black braided silk suture.
Structural insights into homotrimeric assembly of cellulose synthase CesA7 from Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Zhang Xiangnan , Xue Yuan , Guan Zeyuan , Zhou Chen , Nie Yangfan , Men She , Wang Qiang , Shen Cuicui , Zhang Delin , Jin Shuangxia , Tu Lili , Yin Ping , Zhang Xianlong 
Published: February 2021

SummaryCellulose is one of the most abundant organic polymers in nature. It contains multiple β‐1,4‐glucan chains synthesized by cellulose synthases (CesAs) on the plasma membrane of higher plants. CesA subunits assemble into a pseudo‐sixfold symmetric cellulose synthase complex (CSC), known as a ‘rosette complex’. The structure of CesA remains enigmatic. Here, we report the cryo‐EM structure of the homotrimeric CesA7 from Gossypium hirsutum at 3.5‐angstrom resolution. The GhCesA7 homotrimer shows a C3 symmetrical assembly. Each protomer contains seven transmembrane helices (TMs) which form a channel potentially facilitating the release of newly synthesized glucans. The cytoplasmic glycosyltransferase domain (GT domain) of GhCesA7 protrudes from the membrane, and its catalytic pocket is directed towards the TM pore. The homotrimer GhCesA7 is stabilized by the transmembrane helix 7 (TM7) and the plant‐conserved region (PCR) domains. It represents the building block of CSCs and facilitates microfibril formation. This structure provides insight into how eukaryotic cellulose synthase assembles and provides a mechanistic basis for the improvement of cotton fibre quality in the future.
Role of transporters in plant disease resistance
Authors: Devanna Basavantraya N. , Jaswal Rajdeep , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Kapoor Ritu , Jain Priyanka , Kumar Gulshan , Sharma Yogesh , Samantaray Sanghamitra , Sharma Tilak R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPlants being sessile have evolved numerous mechanisms to meet the changing environmental and growth conditions. Plant pathogens are responsible for devastating disease epidemics in many species. Transporter proteins are an integral part of plant growth and development, and several studies have documented their role in pathogen disease resistance. In this review, we analyze the studies on genome‐wide identifications of plant transporters like sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET), multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters, ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, natural resistance‐associated macrophage proteins (NRAMP), and sugar transport proteins (STPs), all having a significant role in plant disease resistance. The mechanism of action of these transporters, their solute specificity, and the potential application of recent molecular biology approaches deploying these transporters for the development of disease‐resistant plants are also discussed. The applications of genome editing tools, such as CRIPSR/Cas9, are also presented. Altogether the information included in this article gives a better understanding of the role of transporter proteins during plant‐pathogen interaction.
Spotlight on the overlapping routes and partners for anthocyanin transport in plants
Authors: Kaur Satveer , Sharma Natasha , Kapoor Payal , Chunduri Venkatesh , Pandey Ajay K. , Garg Monika 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSecondary metabolites are produced by plants and are classified based on their chemical structure or the biosynthetic routes through which they are synthesized. Among them, flavonoids, including anthocyanins and pro‐anthocyanidins (PAs), are abundant in leaves, flowers, fruits, and seed coats in plants. The anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway has been intensively studied, but the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin transport from the synthesis site to the storage site needs attention. Although the major transporters are well defined yet, the redundancy of these transporters for structurally similar or dis‐similar anthocyanins motivates additional research. Herein, we reviewed the role of membrane transporters involved in anthocyanin transport, including ATP‐binding cassette, multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE), Bilitranslocase‐homolog (BTL), and vesicle‐mediated transport. We also highlight the ability of transporters to cater distinct anthocyanins or their chemically‐modified forms with overlapping transport mechanisms and sequestration into the vacuoles. Our understanding of the anthocyanin transporters could provide anthocyanin‐rich crops and fruits with a benefit on human health at a large scale.
Physical fitness and its association with cognitive performance in Chilean schoolchildren: The Cogni‐Action Project
Authors: Solis‐Urra Patricio , Sanchez‐Martinez Javier , Olivares‐Arancibia Jorge , Castro Piñero Jose , Sadarangani Kabir P. , Ferrari Gerson , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Fernando , Gaya Anelise , Fochesatto Camila Felin , Cristi‐Montero Carlos 
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to establish the association and differences in a diversity of cognitive domains according to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), and speed‐agility fitness (S‐AF) level in a large sample of Chilean schoolchildren. 1171 Chilean schoolchildren aged 10–14 years participated. CRF, MF, and S‐AF were assessed through the ALPHA‐fitness test battery. Cognition was evaluated through the NeuroCognitive Performance Test, which involved eight tests related to four main domains: cognitive flexibility (CF), working memory (WM), inhibitory control (IC), and intelligence (IN). Both global (multivariate) and individual (univariate) analyses were performed to determine the differences in cognitive functioning according to low‐, middle‐, and high‐fitness level. The global analyses showed a significant main effect for CRF, F(16,940) = 3.08, p ≤ .001 and MF groups, F(16,953) = 2.30, p = .002, but not for S‐AF, F(16,948) = 1.37, p = .105. CRF shows a significant main effect in seven of eight tests, involving CF, WM, IC, and IN domains, whereas MF shows a significant main effect in five of eight tests without association with IN. SA‐F shows a significant main effect only with IC. Statistical differences were found between the low‐ and middle/high‐fitness groups but not between the middle‐ and high‐fitness groups. At a global level, both CRF and MF seem to be associated with a higher cognitive profile in scholars; however, at an individual level, all fitness components show a favorable relationship to some cognitive domine. Then, future cognitive developing strategies should consider all fitness components, prioritizing those low‐fitness schoolchildren.
Jurassic dinosaurs on the move: Gastrolith provenance and long‐distance migration
Authors: Malone Joshua R. , Strasser Jeffrey C. , Malone David H. , D’Emic Michael D. , Brown Lauren , Craddock John P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHere, we present the detrital zircon age spectra for five (n = 36, 68, 66, 41, 29) red quartzite gastroliths collected from the top of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation in the eastern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA. The detrital zircon age spectra reveal geon 17 maximum depositional ages, and age peaks that are Yavapai (geon 17), Penokean (geon 18) and Archean (>geon 25). The colour, texture, composition and zircon age spectra of these exoliths are indistinguishable from those of geon 16 (i.e. Baraboo interval) quartzites present in the Laurentian midcontinent more than 1,000 km to the east. We interpret that these gastroliths were ingested by dinosaurs, most likely sauropods, in the Laurentian midcontinent and then transported in their digestive tracts to the site of deposition. These data support the hypothesis of long‐distance dinosaur migration, perhaps following low energy, continental‐scale drainage systems that flowed from the Appalachian highlands to the Morrison Formation depositional basin.
FUNCTIONAL BIGNAY CIDERS INHIBIT KEY ENZYMES LINKED TO OBESITY AND DIABETES FOR METABOLIC SYNDROME PROTECTION
Authors: Lheman Jennifer , Sutiono Anthony , Yanti Yanti , Tjandrawinata Raymond Rubianto , Lay Bibiana Widiyati 
Published: February 2021

Metabolic syndrome has become one of the major health issues worldwide. Cider beverages have several functional properties for health, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects. In this study, we formulated cider beverages from bignay fruits (Antidesma bunius), identified their compounds, and evaluated their functional effects for metabolic syndrome protection. Ciders were produced from the aqueous extract of bignay fruit powder, fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Acetobacter xylinum for 3, 7, and 14 days. Compound identification in bignay ciders was done using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Antioxidant activity was done by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay, while enzymatic inhibitory assays were tested against lipase, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). GC/MS profiling showed that most bignay ciders contained major organic acids and amino acids. All ciders exerted high antioxidant activity (>60%). Bignay ciders fermented from A. xylinum demonstrated significant inhibition (>90%) against lipase and α-glucosidase activities. However, ciders had no functional effect on a-amylase and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. These data suggest that bignay ciders may have potential as functional beverages with antioxidant, antiobesity, and antidiabetic effects for management of metabolic syndrome.
Development of High-Efficient Centrifugal Pump Through Optimization of Its Volute Tongue and Expeller Vane
Authors: Mohammedali Abubaker A. M. , Kim Kiseong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Centrifugal pumps are often used for pumping liquids from one priority area to another, which require working effectively in terms of performance and reliability. The objective of this study is to enhance the hydraulic performance and reliability of a centrifugal pump based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) optimization. The shapes of the expeller vane and volute tongue were optimized based on the following six design parameters; outer diameter, exit angle, front and rear heights, back sidewall gap, and tongue angle. The hydraulic efficiency and axial thrust were chosen as the optimization objectives. In this sense, a design of experiment (DOE) technique was utilized to generate 45 design samples. A response surface modeling (RSM) approach was employed to investigate the interaction between the parameters and objectives. The accuracy of the numerical simulation was verified by the experimental data and showed a good agreement. The optimization was found to improve the hydraulic efficiency by 2.92%, whereas the axial thrust was decreased by 7.51%.
Pair production of heavy neutrinos in next-to-leading order QCD at the hadron colliders in the inverse seesaw framework
Authors: Das Arindam 
Published: February 2021

The explanation of the small neutrino mass can be depicted using some handsome models like type-I and inverse seesaw where the Standard Model gauge singlet heavy right-handed neutrinos are deployed. The common thing in these two models is a lepton number violating parameter, however, its order of magnitude creates a striking difference between them making the nature of the right-handed heavy neutrinos a major play factor. In the type-I seesaw a large lepton number violating parameter involves the heavy right-handed neutrinos in the form of Majorana fermions while a small lepton number violating parameter being involved in the inverse seesaw demands the pseudo-Dirac nature of the heavy right-handed neutrinos. Such heavy neutrinos are accommodated in these models through the sizable mixings with the Standard Model light neutrinos. In this paper we consider the purely inverse seesaw scenario to study the pair production of the pseudo-Dirac heavy neutrinos followed by their various multilepton decay modes through the leading branching fraction at the leading order and next-to-leading order QCD at the LHC with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and a luminosity of 3000 fb[Formula: see text]. We also consider a prospective 100 TeV hadron collider with luminosities of 3000 fb[Formula: see text] and 30,000 fb[Formula: see text], respectively to study the process. Using anomalous multilepton search performed by the CMS at the 8 TeV with 19.5 fb[Formula: see text] luminosity we show prospective search reaches of the mixing angles for the three lepton and four lepton events at the 13 TeV LHC and 100 TeV hadron collider.
Note on linear relations in Galois cohomology and étale K-theory of curves
Authors: Krasoń Piotr 
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we investigate a local to global principle for Galois cohomology of number fields with coefficients in the Tate module of an abelian variety. In [G. Banaszak and P. Krasoń, On a local to global principle in étale K-groups of curves, J. K-Theory Appl. Algebra Geom. Topol. 12 (2013) 183–201], G. Banaszak and the author obtained the sufficient condition for the validity of the local to global principle for étale [Formula: see text]-theory of a curve. This condition in fact has been established by means of an analysis of the corresponding problem in the Galois cohomology. We show that in some cases, this result is the best possible i.e. if this condition does not hold we obtain counterexamples. We also give some examples of curves and their Jacobians. Finally, we prove the dynamical version of the local to global principle for étale [Formula: see text]-theory of a curve. The dynamical local to global principle for the groups of Mordell–Weil type has recently been considered by S. Barańczuk in [S. Barańczuk, On a dynamical local-global principle in Mordell-Weil type groups, Expo. Math. 35(2) (2017) 206–211]. We show that all our results remain valid for Quillen [Formula: see text]-theory of [Formula: see text] if the Bass and Quillen–Lichtenbaum conjectures hold true for [Formula: see text]
Telerehabilitation Using Fitness Application in Patients with Severe Cystic Fibrosis Awaiting Lung Transplant: A Pilot Study
Authors: Layton Aimee M. , Irwin Andrew M. , Mihalik Erin C. , Fleisch Emily , Keating Claire L. , DiMango Emily A. , Shah Lori , Arcasoy Selim M. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to pilot a home-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program administered via a telemedicine approach using a combination of fitness application and self-selected activity in lung transplant candidates with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods. We recruited adult patients with CF. The main outcome was adherence, measured by number of sessions completed in 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes were adverse events, six-minute walk distance (6MWD), and dyspnea. Participants were provided a personalized exercise program and equipment including a fitness application that provided exercise videos, recorded exercise time, and corresponding heart rate. We reviewed data daily and provided text messages with feedback. We compared our study outcomes to a retrospective data set of CF patients who participated in a 24-session outpatient hospital-based PR program. Data presented as

mean
±
standard

deviation

. Results. Eleven patients participated in the home PR program, 45% female, age

33
±
7

years

, FEV1

27
±
5
%

predicted. Sessions completed were

19
±
12

home-based PR vs.

9
±
4

hospital-based PR,

p
=
.03

. Fifty percent of the home-based group completed ≥24 sessions in 12 weeks versus 0% of the hospital-based patients (

p
=
.03

). There were no adverse events during exercise. Completers of the home-based program demonstrated a clinically meaningful lower decline in 6 MWD than noncompleters (6MWD

−
7
±
15

vs.

−
86
±
108

meters

). Only one participant performed a post 6 MWD in the hospital-based PR. Conclusion. Patients with severe CF demonstrated adherence to home PR delivered using fitness application and self-selected activity with no adverse events. This program style may be a viable solution for telerehabilitation in severe CF and is particularly relevant in the COVID era.
‘Everything for Me Turns into Allegory’
Authors: Pedullà Gabriele 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
While being an important tile of Jameson’s whole theoretical project, Allegory and Ideology leaves some key questions not fully answered. Briefly put, these questions concern the meanings and limits of allegory; the unstable relationship between allegory and allegoresis in the Western cultural tradition; and the special place allegory plays or could play in postmodern culture. Solving these problems – in the footsteps of Jameson’s magisterial inquiry – will be crucial especially for Marxist critics.