bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of mathematical model with phosphate activation effect by batch (R)-phenylacetylcarbinol biotransformation process utilizing Candida tropicalis pyruvate decarboxylase in phosphate buffer
Authors: Khemacheewakul Julaluk , Taesuwan Siraphat , Nunta Rojarej , Techapun Charin , Phimolsiripol Yuthana , Rachtanapun Pornchai , Jantanasakulwong Kittisak , Porninta Kritsadaporn , Sommanee Sumeth , Mahakuntha Chatchadaporn , Chaiyaso Thanongsak , Seesuriyachan Phisit , Reungsang Alissara , Trinh Ngoc Thao Ngan , Wangtueai Sutee , Sommano Sarana Rose , Leksawasdi Noppol 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe (R)-phenylacetylcarbinol (PAC) batch biotransformation kinetics for partially purified Candida tropicalis TISTR 5350 pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) were determined to validate a comprehensive mathematical model in 250 mL scale with 250 mM phosphate buffer/pH 7.0.
PDC could convert initial 100/120 mM benzaldehyde/pyruvate substrates to the statistical significantly highest (p ≤ 0.05) maximum PAC concentration (95.8 ± 0.1 mM) and production rate (0.639 ± 0.001 mM min−1). A parameter search strategy aimed at minimizing overall residual sum of square (RSST) based on a system of six ordinary differential equations was applied to PAC biotransformation profiles with initial benzaldehyde/pyruvate concentration of 100/120 and 30/36 mM. Ten important biotransformation kinetic parameters were then elucidated including the zeroth order activation rate constant due to phosphate buffer species (ka) of (9.38 ±  < 0.01) ×  10–6% relative PDC activity min−1 mM−1. The validation of this model to independent biotransformation kinetics with initial benzaldehyde/pyruvate concentration of 50/60 mM resulted in relatively good fitting with RSST, mean sum of square error (MSE), and coefficient of determination (R2) values of 662, 17.4, and 0.9863, respectively.
Effect of dietary protein on energy metabolism including protein synthesis in the spiny lobster Sagmariasus verreauxi
Authors: Wang Shuangyao , Carter Chris G. , Fitzgibbon Quinn P. , Codabaccus Basseer M. , Smith Gregory G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis is the first study in an aquatic ectotherm to combine a stoichiometric bioenergetic approach with an endpoint stochastic model to explore dietary macronutrient content. The combination of measuring respiratory gas (O2and CO2) exchange, nitrogenous (ammonia and urea) excretion, specific dynamic action (SDA), metabolic energy substrate use, and whole-body protein synthesis in spiny lobster,Sagmariasus verreauxi, was examined in relation to dietary protein. Three isoenergetic feeds were formulated with varying crude protein: 40%, 50% and 60%, corresponding to CP40, CP50and CP60treatments, respectively. Total CO2and ammonia excretion, SDA magnitude and coefficient, and protein synthesis in the CP60treatment were higher compared to the CP40treatment. These differences demonstrate dietary protein influences post-prandial energy metabolism. Metabolic use of each major energy substrate varied at different post-prandial times, indicating suitable amounts of high-quality protein with major non-protein energy-yielding nutrients, lipid and carbohydrate, are critical for lobsters. The average contribution of protein oxidation was lowest in the CP50treatment, suggesting mechanisms underlying the most efficient retention of dietary protein and suitable dietary inclusion. This study advances understanding of how deficient and surplus dietary protein affects energy metabolism and provides approaches for fine-scale feed evaluation to support sustainable aquaculture.
Long-term stability of computational parameters during approach-avoidance conflict in a transdiagnostic psychiatric patient sample
Authors: Smith Ryan , Kirlic Namik , Stewart Jennifer L. , Touthang James , Kuplicki Rayus , McDermott Timothy J. , Taylor Samuel , Khalsa Sahib S. , Paulus Martin P. , Aupperle Robin L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMaladaptive behavior during approach-avoidance conflict (AAC) is common to multiple psychiatric disorders. Using computational modeling, we previously reported that individuals with depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders (DEP/ANX; SUDs) exhibited differences in decision uncertainty and sensitivity to negative outcomes versus reward (emotional conflict) relative to healthy controls (HCs). However, it remains unknown whether these computational parameters and group differences are stable over time. We analyzed 1-year follow-up data from a subset of the same participants (N = 325) to assess parameter stability and relationships to other clinical and task measures. We assessed group differences in the entire sample as well as a subset matched for age and IQ across HCs (N = 48), SUDs (N = 29), and DEP/ANX (N = 121). We also assessed 2–3 week reliability in a separate sample of 30 HCs. Emotional conflict and decision uncertainty parameters showed moderate 1-year intra-class correlations (.52 and .46, respectively) and moderate to excellent correlations over the shorter period (.84 and .54, respectively). Similar to previous baseline findings, parameters correlated with multiple response time measures (ps < .001) and self-reported anxiety (r = .30, p < .001) and decision difficulty (r = .44, p < .001). Linear mixed effects analyses revealed that patients remained higher in decision uncertainty (SUDs, p = .009) and lower in emotional conflict (SUDs, p = .004, DEP/ANX, p = .02) relative to HCs. This computational modelling approach may therefore offer relatively stable markers of transdiagnostic psychopathology.
Characterization of four mitochondrial genomes of family Neritidae (Gastropoda: Neritimorpha) and insight into its phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Feng Jian-tong , Xia Li-ping , Yan Cheng-rui , Miao Jing , Ye Ying-ying , Li Ji-ji , Guo Bao-ying , Lü Zhen-ming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNeritidae is one of the most diverse families of Neritimorpha and possesses euryhaline properties. Members of this family usually live on tropical and subtropical coasts and are mainly gregarious. The phylogenetic relationships between several subclasses of Gastropoda have been controversial for many years. With an increase in the number of described species of Neritidae, the knowledge of the evolutionary relationships in this family has improved. In the present study, we sequenced four complete mitochondrial genomes from two genera (ClithonandNerita) and compared them with available complete mitochondrial genomes of Neritidae. Gene order exhibited a highly conserved pattern among three genera in the Neritidae family. Our results improved the phylogenetic resolution within Neritidae, and more comprehensive taxonomic sampling of subclass Neritimorpha was proposed. Furthermore, we reconstructed the divergence among the main lineages of 19 Neritimorpha taxa under an uncorrelated relaxed molecular clock.
Electrical stimulation of the nucleus basalis of meynert: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical data
Authors: Nazmuddin Muhammad , Philippens Ingrid H. C. H. M. , van Laar Teus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) has been clinically investigated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD). However, the clinical effects are highly variable, which questions the suggested basic principles underlying these clinical trials. Therefore, preclinical and clinical data on the design of NBM stimulation experiments and its effects on behavioral and neurophysiological aspects are systematically reviewed here. Animal studies have shown that electrical stimulation of the NBM enhanced cognition, increased the release of acetylcholine, enhanced cerebral blood flow, released several neuroprotective factors, and facilitates plasticity of cortical and subcortical receptive fields. However, the translation of these outcomes to current clinical practice is hampered by the fact that mainly animals with an intact NBM were used, whereas most animals were stimulated unilaterally, with different stimulation paradigms for only restricted timeframes. Future animal research has to refine the NBM stimulation methods, using partially lesioned NBM nuclei, to better resemble the clinical situation in AD, and LBD. More preclinical data on the effect of stimulation of lesioned NBM should be present, before DBS of the NBM in human is explored further.
A conserved rhizobial peptidase that interacts with host-derived symbiotic peptides
Authors: Benedict Alex B. , Ghosh Prithwi , Scott Samuel M. , Griffitts Joel S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the Medicago truncatula-Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis, chemical signaling initiates rhizobial infection of root nodule tissue, where a large portion of the bacteria are endocytosed into root nodule cells to function in nitrogen-fixing organelles. These intracellular bacteria are subjected to an arsenal of plant-derived nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides, which induce the physiological changes that accompany nitrogen fixation. NCR peptides drive these intracellular bacteria toward terminal differentiation. The bacterial peptidase HrrP was previously shown to degrade host-derived NCR peptides and give the bacterial symbionts greater fitness at the expense of host fitness. The hrrP gene is found in roughly 10% of Sinorhizobium isolates, as it is carried on an accessory plasmid. The objective of the present study is to identify peptidase genes in the core genome of S. meliloti that modulate symbiotic outcome in a manner similar to the accessory hrrP gene. In an overexpression screen of annotated peptidase genes, we identified one such symbiosis-associated peptidase (sap) gene, sapA (SMc00451). When overexpressed, sapA leads to a significant decrease in plant fitness. Its promoter is active in root nodules, with only weak expression evident under free-living conditions. The SapA enzyme can degrade a broad range of NCR peptides in vitro.
Transmembrane adaptor protein PAG is a mediator of PD-1 inhibitory signaling in human T cells
Authors: Strazza Marianne , Azoulay-Alfaguter Inbar , Peled Michael , Adam Kieran , Mor Adam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe inhibitory receptor PD-1 is expressed on T cells to inhibit select functions when ligated. The complete signaling mechanism downstream of PD-1 has yet to be uncovered. Here, we discovered phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains 1 (PAG) is phosphorylated following PD-1 ligation and associate this with inhibitory T cell function. Clinical cohort analysis correlates low PAG expression with increased survival from numerous tumor types. PAG knockdown in T cells prevents PD-1-mediated inhibition of cytokine secretion, cell adhesion, CD69 expression, and ERK204/187 phosphorylation, and enhances phosphorylation of SRC527 following PD-1 ligation. PAG overexpression rescues these effects. In vivo, PAG contributes greatly to the growth of two murine tumors, MC38 and B16, and limits T cell presence within the tumor. Moreover, PAG deletion sensitizes tumors to PD-1 blockade. Here PAG is established as a critical mediator of PD-1 signaling and as a potential target to enhance T cell activation in tumors.
The detection dogs test is more sensitive than real-time PCR in screening for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Hag-Ali Mohammed , AlShamsi Abdul Salam , Boeijen Linda , Mahmmod Yasser , Manzoor Rashid , Rutten Harry , Mweu Marshal M. , El-Tholoth Mohamed , AlShamsi Abdullatif Alteraifi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn January 2020, the coronavirus disease was declared, by the World Health Organization as a global public health emergency. Recommendations from the WHO COVID Emergency Committee continue to support strengthening COVID surveillance systems, including timely access to effective diagnostics. Questions were raised about the validity of considering the RT-PCR as the gold standard in COVID-19 diagnosis. It has been suggested that a variety of methods should be used to evaluate advocated tests. Dogs had been successfully trained and employed to detect diseases in humans. Here we show that upon training explosives detection dogs on sniffing COVID-19 odor in patients’ sweat, those dogs were able to successfully screen out 3249 individuals who tested negative for the SARS-CoV-2, from a cohort of 3290 individuals. Additionally, using Bayesian analysis, the sensitivity of the K9 test was found to be superior to the RT-PCR test performed on nasal swabs from a cohort of 3134 persons. Given its high sensitivity, short turn-around-time, low cost, less invasiveness, and ease of application, the detection dogs test lends itself as a better alternative to the RT-PCR in screening for SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic individuals.
Three dimensional acoustic tweezers with vortex streaming
Authors: Li Junfei , Crivoi Alexandru , Peng Xiuyuan , Shen Lu , Pu Yunjiao , Fan Zheng , Cummer Steven A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcoustic tweezers use ultrasound for contact-free manipulation of particles from millimeter to sub-micrometer scale. Particle trapping is usually associated with either radiation forces or acoustic streaming fields. Acoustic tweezers based on single-beam focused acoustic vortices have attracted considerable attention due to their selective trapping capability, but have proven difficult to use for three-dimensional (3D) trapping without a complex transducer array and significant constraints on the trapped particle properties. Here we demonstrate a 3D acoustic tweezer in fluids that uses a single transducer and combines the radiation force for trapping in two dimensions with the streaming force to provide levitation in the third dimension. The idea is demonstrated in both simulation and experiments operating at 500 kHz, and the achieved levitation force reaches three orders of magnitude larger than for previous 3D trapping. This hybrid acoustic tweezer that integrates acoustic streaming adds an additional twist to the approach and expands the range of particles that can be manipulated.
Two-dimensionality of metallic surface conduction in Co3Sn2S2 thin films
Authors: Ikeda Junya , Fujiwara Kohei , Shiogai Junichi , Seki Takeshi , Nomura Kentaro , Takanashi Koki , Tsukazaki Atsushi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) surface of the topological materials is an attractive channel for the electrical conduction reflecting the linearly-dispersive electronic bands. Thickness-dependent sheet conductance measurement is a reliable method to evaluate the 2D and three-dimensional (3D) electrical conducting channel separately but has rarely been applied for Weyl semimetals. By applying this method to thin films of a Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2, here we show that the 2D conducting channel clearly emerges under the ferromagnetic phase, indicating a formation of the Fermi arcs projected from Weyl nodes. Comparison between 3D conductivity and 2D conductance provides the effective thickness of the surface conducting region being estimated to be approximately 20 nm, which would reflect the Weyl feature of electronic bands of the Co3Sn2S2. The emergent surface conduction will provide a pathway to activate quantum and spintronic transport features stemming from a Weyl node in thin-film-based devices.
4D printing of reconfigurable metamaterials and devices
Authors: van Manen Teunis , Janbaz Shahram , Jansen Kaspar M. B. , Zadpoor Amir A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractShape-shifting materials are a powerful tool for the fabrication of reconfigurable materials. Upon activation, not only a change in their shape but also a large shift in their material properties can be realized. As compared with the 4D printing of 2D-to-3D shape-shifting materials, the 4D printing of reconfigurable (i.e., 3D-to-3D shape-shifting) materials remains challenging. That is caused by the intrinsically 2D nature of the layer-by-layer manner of fabrication, which limits the possible shape-shifting modes of 4D printed reconfigurable materials. Here, we present a single-step production method for the fabrication and programming of 3D-to-3D shape-changing materials, which requires nothing more than a simple modification of widely available fused deposition modeling (FDM) printers. This simple modification allows the printer to print on curved surfaces. We demonstrate how this modified printer can be combined with various design strategies to achieve high levels of complexity and versatility in the 3D-to-3D shape-shifting behavior of our reconfigurable materials and devices. We showcase the potential of the proposed approach for the fabrication of deployable medical devices including deployable bifurcation stents that are otherwise extremely challenging to create.
A dual‐rate burst‐mode receiver with rapid response and high CID tolerance for XGS PON
Authors: Kawanaka Takanori , Yoshima Satoshi , Noda Masaki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA burst‐mode receiver chip‐set including a preamplifier and limiting amplifier which can recover both 9.95 Gb/s and 2.49 Gbit/s packets within a short 64.3 ns preamble time is described in this paper. This receiver is also able to settle while receiving a packet that includes over 72 bits of CID. To realise these characteristics, we placed a rapid peak‐detecting AGC in the preamplifier IC and a rapid discharge block between the ICs. Our receiver achieved high sensitivities of –31.2 dBm for 9.95 Gb/s and –36.5 dBm for 2.49 Gb/s within a 64.3 ns preamble and with a payload packet that includes 72 bits of CID. In addition, this receiver meets the ITU‐T G.9807.1 E1 and G.987.2 E1 Recommendations even if a packet includes such long stretches of constant signal level as 768 bits of CID in the case of 9.95 Gb/s and 256 bits of CID in the case of 2.49 Gb/s.
Creating an environmentally safe and reliable heat supply system through the introduction of energy-saving technologies in housing and common utilities services
Authors: Astratova Galina V. , Rutkauskas Tatyana K. , Rutkauskas Konstantin V. , Klimuk Vladimir V. 
Published: June 2021

The rational use of natural resources and the creation of an environmentally safety is a priority goal for all mankind. The increasing pollution of the atmospheric air by the combustion products of various types of fuel actualizes the problem of improving the environmental safety and efficiency of heat supply systems (HSS).
Heating is the most energy intensive and wasteful sector of the national economy, because the turnover is comparable to 2.1% of GDP and an average of 50% in payment of citizens for housing and communal utility services (HCUS).
However, HSS today is in a critical state at all stages of production, distribution and consumption of heat, which is especially typical for HCUS enterprises in Russia. Accordingly, the population is not satisfied with the quality and price of HCUS services. The purpose of the study was to develop a mechanism for creating an environmentally safe and reliable HSS by introducing energy-saving technologies that can improve the quality and reduce the price of HCUS services.
The data analysis of the online survey of Russians in social networks in 2018-2019 is carried out. The average level of the population satisfaction with the quality of the provided services of HSS is determined.
Epistaxis in a Pediatric Outpatient Clinic: Could It be an Alarming Sign?
Authors: ElAlfy Mohsen Saleh , Tantawy Azaa Abdel Gawad , Eldin Badr Eldin Mostafa Badr , Mekawy Mohamed Amin , Mohammad Yasmeen Abd elAziz , Ebeid Fatma Soliman Elsayed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction Epistaxis is a common presentation among children.
Objective To investigate the suitability of a simple tool of assessment for patients with epistaxis that could guide in subgrouping those with possible bleeding tendencies who may need further assessment.
Methods Children who presented to a tertiary outpatient clinic with epistaxis of an unknown cause were recruited. They underwent thorough clinical assessment and answered the pediatric bleeding questionnaire and the epistaxis severity score. All patients underwent complete blood count as well as coagulation profile, and confirmatory diagnostic tests were performed as needed.
Results Among the 30,043 patients who presented to the outpatient clinic over a year, 100 children had epistaxis, with an estimated annual frequency of 1 in 300. A total of 84% of the patients were younger than 12, and nearly half of these were younger than 6 years. Seventy-six patients had recurrent epistaxis, and 12 had systemic comorbidities. A significant higher percentage of patients presented with epistaxis in the hot months of the year. A total of 90% of the patients presented anterior bleeding, and the majority were treated with nasal compression only. Forty-three patients presented with epistaxis only; 37 of them were diagnosed as idiopathic epistaxis, and 6 had local causes. Fifty-seven patients presented with other bleeding manifestations, 47 of whom had a definite bleeding disorder and the other 10 had undiagnosed bleeding tendency. Those with other bleeding manifestations showed a higher frequency of positive family history of epistaxis; of being referred from a primary care physician; of having alarming low platelet count, and of presenting less seasonal variability. A bleeding score ≥ 2 showed significant value in suspecting an underlying systemic pathology as a cause of epistaxis.
Conclusion The pediatric bleeding questionnaire is a useful and simple tool in the identification of pediatric patients who need further diagnostic testing to detect any underlying bleeding tendency.
History Page: Leaders in MSK Radiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska (1867–1934)
Authors: Sudoł-Szopińska Iwona , Panas-Goworska Marta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis history page in the series “Leaders in MSK radiology” is dedicated to the memory and achievements of the Polish researcher born in Warsaw and graduate of Sorbonne University, Maria Curie-Skłodowska, two-time Nobel Prize winner and the most well-known female scientist in the world, recognized as the pioneer of radiology.
Choosing the Most Appropriate Treatment Option for Pelvic Venous Disease: Stenting versus Embolization
Authors: Tanaka Mari E. , Kutsenko Oleksandra , Salazar Gloria 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPelvic venous disease (PeVD) in women encompasses a wide variety of entities all resulting in pelvic pain and varices. Successful treatment with percutaneous interventions is dependent on identifying underlying factors contributing to the disease and addressing them with either embolization of incompetent veins or stenting for venous stenoses. There are a multitude of embolization methods with marked practice heterogeneity. Moreover, with the ongoing development of dedicated venous stents in the treatment of chronic venous disease, there are more opportunities to consider this modality for the treatment of PeVD, as many patients present with combined vein reflux and central venous stenosis. The necessity to address both and the order of interventions in these patients is still to be elucidated. Here, we describe when to choose stenting or embolization for PeVD, their limitations, and our practice and identify further areas of research in this field.
Varicocele Embolization: Patient Selection: Preprocedure Workup, and Technical Considerations
Authors: Wadhwa Vibhor , Kashanian James A. , Schiffman Marc , McClure Timothy D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVaricocele refers to an abnormally dilated and tortuous pampiniform venous plexus within the spermatic cord. The prevalence of varicocele is reported to be approximately 15% in the general male population. Its incidence increases with age and has a higher incidence in infertile men. Varicocele treatment (surgical or interventional) is considered one of the most common therapies of reversible infertility in men. Percutaneous embolization offers nonsurgical, minimally invasive option for the treatment of varicoceles, requiring only minimal sedation. In this article, the authors review the clinical and technical details of percutaneous varicocele embolization with a summary of currently available evidence.