bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex revision hip arthroplasty for aseptic implant instability with 3D-modeling
Authors: Chabanenko Diomyd , Polіvoda Oleksandr , Puhkan Grigory , Vytychak Oleh 
Published: October 2021

The increasing number of hip replacement surgeries in the worldwide practice causes the progressive increase in revision cases. The treatment of patients with instability of the hip implants requires the individual approach, taking into account the size of the defect, the loss of bone mass and the structural state of the bone in each case. Objective. To show the technical opportunities of the revision cementless implants in combination with 3D-modeling for the treatment of acetabulum massive defects. Methods. It was shown the cli­nical case of hip replacement surgery of the patient with the aseptic instability of endoprosthesis components. A 3D-model of the pelvis and femur was created on the basis of the СT scan in order to make an analysis of bone tissue defects and to select the exact size of implant components for revision surgery. Results. It was suggested a standardized methodology of the preoperative examination to make the high-tech operation easier and maximally effective. It is necessary not only to take into account the results of the X- ray analysis, but also to pay attention to all changes in the damaged segments. It was shown that the real plastic model make the work of the surgeon easier during all steps of the treatment. The opportunity to use the standard revision components for the restoration of the complex geometrically shaped bone was demonstrated with the good nearest clinical and radiological and functional results. Conclusions. The success of the revision arthroplasty depends on the carefully preoperative planning, the maximum approximation of the parameters of the artificial joint to the anatomical parameters of the patient and biomechanics of the hip join. No less important is the individual recovery program during the postoperative period.
Evaluation of Financial Instruments Possessing Non-Conventional Cash Flow
Authors: Kulakov Nikolay , Blaset Kastro Anastasia 
Published: October 2021

Investments are often justified and accepted based on the IRR as the main criterion of profitability. However, that criterion is hardly ever used to evaluate certain financial instruments (e.g. short sales, options, futures and swaps). This is partially due to the fact that some instruments possess a cash flow describing a borrowing rather than an investment. Other instruments have a non-conventional cash flow and, consequently, the IRR may be meaningless or impossible to determine. We may describe a non-conventional cash flow of a financial instrument as a non-conventional project consisting of a sequence of single-period (simple) projects. Each simple project has only two cash flows with opposite signs, therefore the IRR for the simple project is always determinable. If a functional decomposition is applied in which each simple project is shown to have the same IRR value, then that value is the IRR of the non-conventional project. However, where a decomposition of the non-conventional project into simple projects with the same IRR is impossible, the non-conventional project's IRR does not exist. If a simple project is an investment, then the IRR is a rate of return for an investor. If a simple project is a loan, then the IRR is an interest rate for the borrower, but not for the investor. Therefore, the NPV method is seen to estimate a non-conventional project for two different participants simultaneously, which leads to problems with the definition of the IRR. In order that the loan's IRR would be a rate of return for the investor, but not an interest rate for the borrower, the sign of the IRR should be replaced with the opposite one.
This paper discusses how to use the Generalized Net Present Value (GNPV) method to calculate a yield of a financial instrument with a non-conventional cash flow. The function GNPV(r, p) depends on two rates: a finance rate and a reinvestment rate, which determine a cost of funding and a rate of return, respectively. The equation GNPV (r, -r) = 0 is investigated in the paper. The solution of that equation is the Generalized Average Rate of Return (GARR).
We suggest using the GARR as a new measure of a yield for evaluating financial instruments possessing a non-conventional cash flow and estimating a portfolio's performance over time with contributions and withdrawals.
Termografia Médica na Avaliação de Resposta Terapêutica na Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica
Authors: Araújo Leticia Telles Silva , Brioschi Marcos Leal , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen 
Published: October 2021

Leucemia linfocítica crônica (LLC), uma das doenças linfoproliferativas, é a leucemia mais comum do mundo ocidental. Foi realizado uma avaliação termográfica - exame de imagem indolor, sem contato e sem radiação, que capta a emissão de calor da superfície corporal - para avaliação pré e pós início de um tratamento quimioterápico, mostrando esse ser um método útil de avaliação de resposta ao tratamento.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO FORMATION OF A SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC AND LEGAL SUPPORT OF STABILITY OF THE BANKING SYSTEM
Authors: Pohrishchuk H. , Dobizha N. , Myronchuk V. , Lashchyk I. , Kashpruk Y. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The heart of any market economy is its circulatory system. The complex of credit and banking institutions that serve their viability of structures (infrastructural elements), is a full-fledged banking system of the country. Modern dynamic processes of globalization of financial markets due to the acceleration of the free movement of capital, in addition to a positive impact on the development of national financial systems, create conditions for the spread of crisis trends, including contributing to the manifestation of the chain of «infection effect» of banking systems in the international financial space. A system of economic and legal support for the financial stability of the banking system has been developed. The feasibility of creating and achieving the effectiveness of which in modern conditions is due to the need to reboot the domestic banking system to solve existing internal financial problems and transform it in accordance with the European-oriented vector of development of the country’s economy. The existing system provides for the financial stability of the banking system at two levels: at the macro level — the banking system as an object with systemic properties; micro-level — banks as structural elements of the banking system. The study of the features of the formation of a system of economic and legal support for the financial stability of the banking system. The main task was to optimize the main elements of the system of economic and legal support for the financial stability of the banking system. The main goal of the study is to form a system of economic and legal support for the financial stability of the banking system. A methodology for structuring system elements was applied. Building an information model allows you to structure the elements of the system of economic and legal support for the financial stability of the banking system, see their relationship, highlight the main and secondary ones.
Keywords: economic and legal support, stability, financial stability, banking system, banks.
JEL Classification G20, G21, E58
Formulas: 3; fig.: 1; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 15.
DETERMINANTS OF INTEREST RATES ON CORPORATE DEBT
Authors: Tereshchenko O. , Stetsko M. , Tkachenko N. , Babiak N. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The objective of this article is theoretical and methodological justifying of determining algorithm of the cost of debt capital for enterprises functioning in emerging markets (EM). The methods of research: analysis and synthesis, system analysis, comparative analysis, empirical and statistical methods, factor analysis.
Results. In this article key determinants of interest rates on debt capital for enterprises and their impact on the procedure of discount rate calculation are determined. The issue of the cost of debt calculation of enterprises in condition of absence of complete information concerning systematic and non-systematic crediting risks is studied. Differences between interest rate on the loan fixed in credit agreement and expected by creditors the cost of debt are identified. It is determined that the key factor impacting the deviation level of market value of debt capital from the nominal, and respectively, deviation of the cost of debt from the cost of capital is probability of default (PD). At the minimum values of PD, the contract interest rate corresponds to the rate of cost of debt and it is advisable to use it for discount rate calculation. Critical analysis of alternative methodological approaches of the cost of debt calculation is made. Ways of integrating of market information concerning credit default swaps into the process of expected cost of debt calculation are justified. Factors of shadowing of rates of the cost of debt and ways of reducing of shadow transactions’ level in the credit market are identified.
Conclusions. At high PD values, expected by market premium for default risk may exceed the contract interest rate, which necessitates constant monitoring of credit risks and appropriate adaptation of interest rates. In the paper the algorithm of such adaptation are proposed. It is shown that in the case of non-use of interest rates adjustment taking into account changes in PD, CDS and LGD, premium for creditors’ systematic risk can differ significantly from market values of similar enterprises (peer-group), and estimated value of the cost of debt can acquire negative values. Contract (promised) interest rate should be set in such way that the premium for systematic risk of providing debt capital will be at the level of similar companies and does not change significantly as a result of probability of default changes. If in practice the opposite situation occurs, it is the evidence of contract interest rate shadowing, absence of effective system of assessment and management of credit risks. For solving the problem of interest rate transparency and filling of information gaps concerning PD borrowers in EM countries, should intensify CDS market.
Keywords: debt capital, default probability, non-performing loans, credit default swap, credit spread, debt capital premium, shadow economy.
JEL Classification E47
Formulas: 16; fig.: 0; tabl.: 3; bibl.: 15.
Análise das Curvas Características de Células Solares em LTSPICE
Authors: Silva Thiago Franchi Pereira da , Alves Mathaus Henrique da Silva 
Published: October 2021

A simulação computacional de células solares tornou-se fundamental para determinar seus parâmetros e condições de funcionamento. A simulação possibilita analisar o comportamento dos dispositivos inerentes ao sistema, estimando sua eficiência fotovoltaica, além de outras características fundamentais como a tensão de circuito aberto, a corrente de curto circuito, o fator de preenchimento, a resistência série e a resistência em paralelo do dispositivo. A simulação solar pode ser usada para vários fins, como por exemplo, analisar e estudar o comportamento dos conversores de energia anexados ao sistema, e simular o comportamento para o rastreamento do ponto de máxima potência do sistema fotovoltaico como um todo. Além disso, a simulação também pode ser usada para várias condições operacionais, como o sombreamento parcial, mudança de irradiação e condições de falha. O presente trabalho apresenta dois modelos de circuitos equivalentes, utilizados para avaliar os efeitos dos parâmetros elétricos nas curvas características do painel fotovoltaico usado por Gnoatto et al. (2005), que as determinou experimentalmente em condições de campo. A simulação foi plenamente satisfatória, uma vez que o erro relativo foi baixo em comparação com os dados experimentais obtidos em campo, em torno de 3,45% para primeira simulação e desprezível para a segunda simulação. Por fim, foram obtidos os parâmetros das células fotovoltaicas convencionais feitas de silício, através da simulação dos circuitos equivalentes das células solares, utilizando-se o software Ltspice.
DETERMINATION OF THE CONDITIONS FOR APPLYING THE TECHNOLOGY OF TARGET GRAVITY BRAKING OF UNCOUPLED CARS
Authors: Ohar Oleksandr , Berestov Igor , Kutsenko Maksym , Berestova Tatiana , Rabin Victoria 
Published: October 2021

Improving the efficiency of the process of train uncoupling remains one of the mosturgent problems in railway transport. The priority areas for solving this problem today include thedevelopment and implementation of integrated automation systems for hump technologies, the use ofartificial intelligence in decision support systems and procedures for calculating the controlparameters of car retarders. These systems provide high accuracy in designing and implementingcontrol actions, taking into account indeterminacy and multiple random parameters.However, a number of factors that are quite difficult to take into account, predict, or formalize.Such factors include the technical condition of rail car retarders, their random brakingcharacteristics, constant changes in wind speed and direction, the condition of wheel pairs, theresponse rate of hump operators, and others. These factors can have significant impact on the qualityof the marshalling process, even on automated marshalling humps.To increase the efficiency of the train uncoupling technology, researchers have developed anumber of scientific approaches and technical solutions: approaches to control using the equipmentfor controlling the speed of rolling uncoupled cars in automated mode have been formed, new designsof car retarders have been developed and the existing ones were improved, optimizing methods forbraking modes of uncoupled cars, the longitudinal profile of marshalling humps and the design ofhump necks have been proposed.
The introduction of target gravity braking technology for uncouples cars is one of the ways toimprove the efficiency of the marshalling process. This technology can be implemented provided thata special profile design of the marshalling device is used.To determine the conditions for applying the target gravity braking technology for uncoupledcars, simulation modeling of rolling of model cars in favorable and unfavorable meteorologicalconditions was carried out.The results of simulation modeling showed that the proposed technology can be definitely used,if the number of tracks in the marshalling yard is up to 32 and estimated wind speeds up to 6 m/s,when it provides an uncoupling rate of up to 1,8 m/s. If the marshalling yard has a larger number oftracks and/or in case of powerful winds, the technology can be applied if the uncoupling rate isreduced. In this case, the feasibility of using the technology should be verified with technical andeconomic calculations.
Galactorrea euprolactinémica en una adolescente con depresión: Reporte de caso
Authors: Gibaja-Reyes Diasania , Ramirez-Del Carpio Gladys , Pacheco-Zuel Edson , Caso-Rodríguez Milward , Cruz-Sotomayor Alexander 
Published: October 2021

La depresión infantojuvenil es una entidad clínica reconocida que produce alteraciones estructurales y funcionales a nivel neuroendocrino. Los factores de riesgo incluyen antecedentes de síntomas depresivos en los padres, desestructuración familiar, acontecimientos estresantes crónicos, abuso físico, emocional o sexual. Estas alteraciones se asocian a problemas de memoria, lenguaje, regulación emocional y hormonal. Durante la niñez los síntomas depresivos tienden a coexistir con síntomas somáticos debido a que, frecuentemente, los pacientes tienen dificultad para expresar sus emociones, por lo que estos síntomas son motivo de consulta médica. En el presente reporte, se presenta el caso de una adolescente con depresión asociada a galactorrea, pero con prolactina en rangos normales. La galactorrea podría presentarse con hiperprolactinemia, pero también puede ser euprolactinémica aun cuando asociada a eventos estresantes crónicos.
Суспільно-політичні орієнтації вищого римо-католицького духовенства в Галичині на початку ХХ ст.
Authors: Зуляк І. , Кліш А. 
Published: October 2021

У статті досліджено суспільно-політичні орієнтації вищого римо-католицького духовенства в Галичині на початку ХХ ст. З’ясовано, що в окреслений час відбулися значні соціальні потрясіння: придушення робітничих демонстрацій у Львові, селянські страйки 1902 р. тощо. Церква не могла залишитися осторонь зазначених подій. Проаналізовано ідею утворення представниками духовенства і світської інтелігенції католицької організації, яка б посилила роль Римо-Католицької Церкви в суспільстві.
Ключові слова: Галичина, Римо-Католицька Церква, вище духовенство християнська демократія, суспільно-християнський рух.
ДИСКУСІЯ ЩОДО ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ АРХЕОЛОГА
Authors: Палієнко С. В. 
Published: October 2021

У статті йдеться про те, як археологи на пострадянському просторі сприймають власну професійну ідентичність, порівнюються результати, які отримав автор унаслідок опитування співробітників центральних археологічних установ колишнього СРСР, з даними Ю. С. Буйських, що ґрунтуються на відповідях археологів з України.
Ключові слова: антропологія науки, археологічне співтовариство, професійна ідентичність, радянська археологія, субкультура професії.
New Insights Into the Relationship Between Seismic Intensity Measures and Nonlinear Structural Response
Authors: Vargas-Alzate Yeudy Felipe , Hurtado Jorge E. , Pujades Lluis G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on the probabilistic analysis of Intensity Measures (IMs) and Engineering Demand Parameters (EDPs) for earthquake excitations. Several statistical properties, which are desirable in IMs when they are used to predict EDPs, have been analyzed. The main sources of uncertainty involved in the calculation of the seismic risk have been considered in the analysis. Efficiency, sufficiency and steadfastness have been quantified for a set of IMs with respect to two EDPs: the maximum inter-storey drift ratio, MIDR, and the maximum floor acceleration, MFA. Steadfastness is a new statistical property proposed in this article. It is related to the ability of IMs to forecast EDPs for big building suites. This also means that efficiency does not significantly vary when different types of buildings are included in the statistical analyses. This property allows reducing the number of calculations when performing seismic risk estimations at urban level since, for instance, a large variety of fragility curves of specific buildings can be grouped together within an only one, but more generic, fragility function. The nonlinear dynamic response of probabilistic multi-degree-of-freedom buildings’ models, subjected to a large data set of ground motion records, have been considered to perform the statistical analysis. Specifically, reinforced concrete buildings whose number of stories vary from 3 to 13 stories have been analysed. 18 spectrum-, energy- and direct-accelerogram-based IMs have been considered harein. From the statistical properties of the generated clouds of IM-EDP points, efficiency and sufficiency properties have been quantified. For MIDR, results show that IMs based on spectral velocity are more efficient and steadfast than the ones based on spectral acceleration; spectral velocity averaged in a range of periods, AvSv, has shown to be the most efficient and steadfast IM. The opposite happens for MFA, that is, spectral acceleration-based-IMs are more efficient than the velocity-based ones. A comparison on the use of linear vs quadratic regression models, and their implications on the derivation of fragility functions, is presented as well. Concerning sufficiency, most of the 18 basic IMs analyzed herein do not have this property. However, multi-regression models have been employed to address this lack of sufficiency allowing to obtain a so-called ‘ideal’ IM.
Discordance of PIK3CA and TP53 Mutations Between Breast Cancer Brain Metastases and Matched Primary Tumors
Authors: THULIN ANNA , Andersson Carola , Rönnerman Elisabeth , Lara Shahin , Chamalidou Chaido , Schoenfeldt Arnd , Kovács Anikó , Fagman Henrik , Enlund Fredrik , Linderholm Barbro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose: There is limited knowledge of the biology of breast cancer (BC) brain metastasis (BM). We primarily aimed to determine the mutations in BCBM and to compare the mutational pattern with the matched primary breast cancer (BC). Secondary aims were to determine mutations in each subgroup (Luminal, HER2+ and TNBC) of BCBM and to determine survival according to specific mutations. Patients and methods: We investigated 57 BCBMs, including 46 cases with matched primary tumors (PT) by targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) using the Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 (ThermoFisher Scientific) covering 207 targeted regions in 50 cancer related genes. Subtype according to immunohistochemistry was re-evaluated. Results: NGS results fulfilling sequencing quality criteria were obtained from 52 BM and 41 PT, out of which 37 were matched pairs. Pathogenic mutations were detected in 66% of PTs (27/41), and 62% of BMs (32/52). TP53 mutations were most frequent; 49% (20/41) of PTs and 48% (25/52) in BMs, followed by PIK3CA mutations; 22% (9/42) in PTs and 25% (13/52) in BMs. Mutations in CDH1, EGFR, HRAS, RB1 CDKN2A and PTEN were detected in single pairs or single samples. Mutational pattern was discordant in 24% of matched pairs. Conclusions: We show a discordance of PIK3CA and TP53 mutations of roughly 25% indicating the need to develop methods to assess mutational status in brain metastasis where analysis of cell-free DNA from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has shown promising results.
Efficacy and Safety of Qushi Huayu Granule For Hyperlipidemia: Study Protocol For a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Sun Yuanlong , Hu Na , Chen Gaofeng , Wang Yanjie , Hu Yiyang , Zhao Yu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Hyperlipidemia has become a common chronic disease worldwide in recent years. Studies shown that hyperlipidemia patients, especially those with a high level of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), have a significantly higher prevalence of atherosclerosis, leading to coronary heart disease. Previous basic experiments and clinical studies have shown that Qushi Huayu granule (QSHY) can reduce blood lipids in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) accompanied by hyperlipidemia, but lack of clinical efficacy evaluation for patients with hyperlipidemia. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of Qushi Huayu granule for Hyperlipidemia. Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 210 hyperlipidemia participants will be enrolled and randomized into QSHY or placebo granule groups in equal proportions, and receive treatment for 24 weeks. The primary outcome is the percentage change of LDL-C from baseline to week 12. Secondary outcomes are other serum lipid biochemical markers levels, life quality measuring health surveys, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Pattern Scale. All related tests will be measured at baseline, week 12 and 24 after enrolment. Adverse events and safety of intervention will be monitored and evaluated.Discussion: We design a clinical trial of hyperlipidemia management with QSHY, a TCM formula. The results of this trial will present the efficacy and safety of QSHY in patients with hyperlipidemia, and provide clinical evidence for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ID: ChiCTR2000034125. Registered on June 25, 2019.