bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Vacancy Engineering Synergistic with Surface Hydrophilicity Modification of Hollow Ru Doped CoNi‐LDH Nanotube Arrays for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Qianqian , Huang Fangzhi , Li Shikuo , Zhang Hui , Yu Xin‐Yao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith the development of clean hydrogen energy, the cost effective and high‐performance hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts are urgently required. Herein, a green, facile, and time‐efficient Ru doping synergistic with air‐plasma treatment strategy is reported to boost the HER performance of CoNi‐layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanotube arrays (NTAs) derived from zeolitic imidazolate framework nanorods. The Ru doping and air‐plasma treatment not only regulate the oxygen vacancy to optimize the electron structure but also increase the surface roughness to improve the hydrophilicity and hydrogen spillover efficiency. Therefore, the air plasma treated Ru doped CoNi‐LDH (P‐Ru‐CoNi‐LDH) nanotube arrays display superior HER performance with an overpotential of 29 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Furthermore, by assembling P‐Ru‐CoNi‐LDH as both cathode and anode for two‐electrode urea‐assisted water electrolysis, a small cell voltage of 1.36 V is needed at 10 mA cm−2 and can last for 100 h without any obvious activity attenuation that showing outstanding durability. In general, the P‐Ru‐CoNi‐LDH can improve the HER performance from intrinsic electronic structure regulation cooperated with extrinsic surface wettability modification. These findings provide an effective intrinsic and extrinsic synergistic effect avenue to develop high performance HER electrocatalysts, which is potential to be applied to other research fields.
3D Printing for Solid‐State Energy Storage
Authors: Tian Xiaocong , Xu Bingang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEver‐growing demand to develop satisfactory electrochemical devices has driven cutting‐edge research in designing and manufacturing reliable solid‐state electrochemical energy storage devices (EESDs). 3D printing, a precise and programmable layer‐by‐layer manufacturing technology, has drawn substantial attention to build advanced solid‐state EESDs and unveil intrinsic charge storage mechanisms. It provides brand‐new opportunities as well as some challenges in the field of solid‐state energy storage. This review focuses on the topic of 3D printing for solid‐state energy storage, which bridges the gap between advanced manufacturing and future EESDs. It starts from a brief introduction followed by an emphasis on 3D printing principles, where basic features of 3D printing and key issues for solid‐state energy storage are both reviewed. Recent advances in 3D printed solid‐state EESDs including solid‐state batteries and solid‐state supercapacitors are then summarized. Conclusions and perspectives are also provided regarding the further development of 3D printed solid‐state EESDs. It can be expected that advanced 3D printing will significantly promote future evolution of solid‐state EESDs.
Sodium Cholate‐Based Active Delipidation for Rapid and Efficient Clearing and Immunostaining of Deep Biological Samples
Authors: Na Myeongsu , Kim Kitae , Oh Kyoungjoon , Choi Hyung Jin , Ha ChangMan , Chang Sunghoe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent surges of optical clearing provided anatomical maps to understand structure‐function relationships at organ scale. Detergent‐mediated lipid removal enhances optical clearing and allows efficient penetration of antibodies inside tissues, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is the most common choice for this purpose. SDS, however, forms large micelles and has a low critical micelle concentration (CMC). Theoretically, detergents that form smaller micelles and higher CMC should perform better but these have remained mostly unexplored. Here, SCARF, a sodium cholate (SC)‐based active delipidation method, is developed for better clearing and immunolabeling of thick tissues or whole organs. It is found that SC has superior properties to SDS as a detergent but has serious problems; precipitation and browning. These limitations are overcome by using the ion‐conductive film to confine SC while enabling high conductivity. SCARF renders orders of magnitude faster tissue transparency than the SDS‐based method, while excellently preserving the endogenous fluorescence, and enables much efficient penetration of a range of antibodies, thus revealing structural details of various organs including sturdy post‐mortem human brain tissues at the cellular resolution. Thus, SCARF represents a robust and superior alternative to the SDS‐based clearing methods and is expected to facilitate the 3D morphological mapping of various organs.
Can too many cooks spoil the broth? Coordination costs, fatigue, and performance in high‐intensity tasks
Authors: Kordyaka Bastian , Lackner Mario , Sonnabend Hendrik 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWorkplace flexibility in the context of collaborative tasks offers many benefits but also carries several risks. While more collaborators can reduce fatigue and enhance performance (we call this the ‘fatigue effect’), coordination costs also increase (we call this the ‘coordination costs effect’). We investigate this trade‐off in a complex team task with high effort costs in a natural setting. We use an instrumental variables approach combined with an extensive sensitivity analysis to identify the effect of in‐game substitutions on performance in professional basketball. Results indicate that an increased number of collaborators (players) has a negative effect on team performance. We also find that the most successful teams are able to optimally trade off both effects.
Temporal variations in rainfall patterns in Kilembe, Uganda
Authors: Tibara Yayiru , Wahab Bolanle , Aremu Ademola Kabir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigated rainfall variabilities in Kilembe. Secondary (monthly rainfall) data for the study were obtained from the Uganda National Meteorological Authority in Kampala, Uganda, for the period 1986–2016. To determine the temporal variation of rainfall, a Mann–Kendall method and Sen's slope estimator test were used. The results showed that March, April, May, October, and November represented the smallest coefficient of variation indicating modest variability of rainfall in these months, whereas June and July had the largest coefficient of variation. The month of July recorded an overall lowest average rainfall and a decreasing trend in rainfall. The study further revealed a historical general upward trend in rainfall between 1986 and 2016 in Kilembe. The trend in the monthly and annual rainfall is partly attributed to the Intertropical Convergence Zone, influx of moisture from Congo Forest, and climate change. The area recorded also two peaks of rainfall in the year, one in April and another in September, revealing a bimodal pattern of rainfall. The findings indicate that the government should adopt policy measures in the form of an adaptive strategy in order to save the people in the impacted areas.
A Zr‐Based MOF with N‐heterocycle and its pH‐controlled drug release behavior
Authors: He Qing , Shen Jie , Guan Xinghua , Han Yuanbo , Jiang Xiaoying , Shen Xiaoan , Huang Xiajuan , Chen Yufeng , Lei Chen , Xiao Xiaoyan , Lin Wenxin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA Zr‐based metal‐organic framework was synthesized by solvothermal method. It was designated as UiO‐67(bpy) since its structure matched well with UiO‐67 according to the X‐ray diffraction results. The cytotoxicity assay of UiO‐67(bpy) was measured and it revealed that UiO‐67(bpy) had excellent biocompatibility. UiO‐67(bpy) was used to load anti‐inflammatory drugs, and the loading capacity of diclofenac sodium (DS) of UiO‐67(bpy) reached 30.08 wt %. Furthermore, the DS@UiO‐67(bpy) exhibited a pH‐controlled drug deliver behavior. The DS released in simulated intestinal environment (pH 7.4) was about 20 times of that in simulated gastric environment (pH 2.0) after 12 h. UiO‐67(bpy) showed potential application prospects as an oral drug carrier.
NEAT in der Schweiz – Versprechungen gehalten? Lehren aus einer über 30-jährigen Geschichte
Authors: Ehrbar Heinz 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungMit der Inbetriebnahme des Ceneri-Basistunnels per Ende 2020 ging die erste Etappe des Baus der Neuen Eisenbahn-Alpentransversale (NEAT) in der Schweiz nach beinahe 30 Jahren zu Ende. Im Jahr 1992 wurde mit der Volksabstimmung über den Alpentransit-Beschluss des schweizerischen Parlaments der Grundstein zum Bau der zwei Achsen am Lötschberg und am Gotthard geschaffen. Die Arbeiten an einem für schweizerische Verhältnisse gigantischen Ausbauschritt des Eisenbahnsystems begannen und sollten gemäss Zielvorgabe aus dem Jahr 1992 den überwiegenden Teil des alpenquerenden Gütertransitverkehrs durch die Schweiz von der Strasse auf die Schiene verlagern. Die Fahrzeiten zwischen Nord und Südschweiz sollten massiv verkürzt werden. Mit der NEAT war zudem beabsichtigt die Schweiz im Norden und im Süden an das künftige moderne Schienennetz Europas anzuschliessen. Die dafür zu tätigenden Investitionen in die neuen Eisenbahnlinien am Lötschberg und am Gotthard sollten aber auch der der Umwelt und der Wirtschaft dienen. Es wird in diesem Beitrag gezeigt, woe gut die Ziele erreicht wurden.
Die „Neue Dolomitenbahn“. Das Herzstück der Vision einer alpinen Eisenbahnlinie von Genf nach Venedig.
Authors: Perathoner Christoph , Moroder Helmuth 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungMit der Eröffnung des Brenner-Basistunnels (BBT) und der Fertigstellung wichtiger Eisenbahnverbindungen vor allem in Deutschland, Österreich und Frankreich – aber auch in Italien – wird Bozen, als Landeshauptstadt der Autonomen Provinz Bozen-Südtirol, sicherlich in der Nord-Süd-Verbindung ganz neue verkehrstechnische Potenziale ausschöpfen können. Von Bozen aus werden Dank des BBT innerhalb weniger Stunden wichtige Städte und Handelszentren wie München, Berlin, Paris, Prag oder Frankfurt erreichbar sein. Diesen Meilenstein der Mobilität macht die Politik des Transeuropäischen Verkehrsnetzes (TEN-V) der Europäischen Union möglich.
Individuelle Mobilität hat Grenzen: Luftreinhaltung (erst) durch Verkehrsverbote?
Authors: Raschauer Nicolas , Dworschak Marco , Friedrich Magdalena 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Themenkomplex der Luftreinhaltung präsentiert sich – ungeachtet der aktuellen politisch brisanten Diskussionen – als juristische Querschnittsmaterie. Im öffentlichen Recht vorrangig im Bereich des Klimaschutz- und Umweltschutzrechts beheimatet, weisen staatliche Luftreinhaltemaßnahmen vielfach verkehrsrechtliche Anknüpfungspunkte auf bzw bedingen verkehrspolitische Lenkungs- und Planungsakte. Als solche werden nachfolgend sogenannte Verkehrs- oder Fahrverbote und -beschränkungen behandelt, die ein Spannungsfeld zwischen individueller Mobilität und Luftreinhaltung eröffnen.
Rechtsklarheit tut not für Mobilität und Transport in Europa! Der Fall der Verordnung 169/2009
Authors: Staebe Erik 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungMobilität und Transport in Europa unterliegen vielfältigen rechtlichen Anforderungen. Dies gilt nicht nur für sämtliche Verkehrsträger, sondern es bezieht sich auch auf zahlreiche Materien des nationalen und des europäischen Rechts. Dieser Befund ist weder überraschend noch beklagenswert. Die historische Entwicklung des Verkehrswesens, seine Sicherheitsrelevanz sowie die volkswirtschaftliche und politische Bedeutung funktionierender Verkehrsinfrastruktur haben nicht zuletzt deshalb in Rechtssetzung, Rechtsanwendung und Rechtsprechung ihre Spuren hinterlassen, weil allgemeine Regelungen in vielen Fällen nicht ohne Weiteres auf den Verkehrssektor übertragen werden konnten. Die Besonderheiten des Verkehrs und die weiter gehenden Besonderheiten der einzelnen Verkehrsträger haben immer wieder zu sektorspezifischen Regelungen Anlass gegeben, die zu allgemeinen Vorschriften in ein Spannungsverhältnis treten.
Discrete gravity
Authors: Chamseddine Ali H. , Mukhanov Viatcheslav 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We assume that the points in volumes smaller than an elementary volume (which may have a Planck size) are indistinguishable in any physical experiment. This naturally leads to a picture of a discrete space with a finite number of degrees of freedom per elementary volume. In such discrete spaces, each elementary cell is completely characterized by displacement operators connecting a cell to the neighboring cells and by the spin connection. We define the torsion and curvature of the discrete spaces and show that in the limiting case of vanishing elementary volume the standard results for the continuous curved differentiable manifolds are completely reproduced.
CP violation in mixing and oscillations for leptogenesis. Part II. The highly degenerate case
Authors: Racker J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We extend to the highly degenerate case a recent approach for analyzing the sources of CP violation in baryogenesis models with quasi-degenerate neutrinos. In this approach an expansion of the resummed propagator around the poles is plugged into a quantum field theory model of neutrino oscillations and a source term for the time evolution of the lepton asymmetry is built directly from the probabilities of lepton number violating processes involving only stable particles. This allows for a transparent consideration of unitarity requirements. The source term has contributions that can be identified with CP violation from mixing, oscillations and interference between both. For the highly degenerate case, i.e. when the mass difference between two neutrinos is similar or smaller than their decay widths, we find that in general the mixing and oscillation terms contribute with opposite signs to the generation of lepton asymmetry and the contribution of the interference term is typically very relevant and crucial to ensure unitarity is satisfied. Moreover, the expressions we obtain are finite in the double degenerate limit of equal masses and couplings. The calculations are done in a simple scalar toy model.
Investigation of future climate change over the British Isles using weather patterns
Authors: Pope James O. , Brown Kate , Fung Fai , Hanlon Helen M. , Neal Robert , Palin Erika J. , Reid Anne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor those involved in planning for regional and local scale changes in future climate, there is a requirement for climate information to be available in a context more usually associated with meteorological timescales. Here we combine a tool used in numerical weather prediction, the 30 weather patterns produced by the Met Office, which are already applied operationally to numerical weather prediction models, to assess changes in the UK Climate Projections (UKCP) Global ensemble. Through assessing projected changes in the frequency of the weather patterns at the end of the 21st Century, we determine that future changes in large-scale circulation tend towards an increase in winter of weather patterns associated with cyclonic and westerly wind conditions at the expense of more anticyclonic, settled/blocked weather patterns. In summer, the results indicate a shift towards an increase in dry settled weather types with a corresponding reduction in the wet and windy weather types. Climatologically this suggests a shift towards warmer, wetter winters and warmer, drier summers; which is consistent with the headline findings from the UK Climate Projections 2018. This paper represents the first evaluation of weather patterns analysis within UKCP Global. It provides a detailed assessment of the changes in these weather patterns through the 21st Century and how uncertainty in emissions, structural and perturbed parameters affects these results. We show that the use of these weather patterns in tandem with the UKCP projections is useful for future work investigating changes in a range of weather-related climate features such as extreme precipitation.
Evidence for differences in DNA methylation between Germans and Japanese
Authors: Becker J. , Böhme P. , Reckert A. , Eickhoff S. B. , Koop B. E. , Blum J. , Gündüz T. , Takayama M. , Wagner W. , Ritz-Timme S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs a contribution to the discussion about the possible effects of ethnicity/ancestry on age estimation based on DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns, we directly compared age-associated DNAm in German and Japanese donors in one laboratory under identical conditions. DNAm was analyzed by pyrosequencing for 22 CpG sites (CpGs) in the genes PDE4C, RPA2, ELOVL2, DDO, and EDARADD in buccal mucosa samples from German and Japanese donors (N = 368 and N = 89, respectively).Twenty of these CpGs revealed a very high correlation with age and were subsequently tested for differences between German and Japanese donors aged between 10 and 65 years (N = 287 and N = 83, respectively). ANCOVA was performed by testing the Japanese samples against age- and sex-matched German subsamples (N = 83 each; extracted 500 times from the German total sample). The median p values suggest a strong evidence for significant differences (p < 0.05) at least for two CpGs (EDARADD, CpG 2, and PDE4C, CpG 2) and no differences for 11 CpGs (p > 0.3).Age prediction models based on DNAm data from all 20 CpGs from German training data did not reveal relevant differences between the Japanese test samples and German subsamples. Obviously, the high number of included “robust CpGs” prevented relevant effects of differences in DNAm at two CpGs.Nevertheless, the presented data demonstrates the need for further research regarding the impact of confounding factors on DNAm in the context of ethnicity/ancestry to ensure a high quality of age estimation. One approach may be the search for “robust” CpG markers—which requires the targeted investigation of different populations, at best by collaborative research with coordinated research strategies.
Comparing the concentration levels of allergens and endotoxins in employees’ homes and offices
Authors: Sander Ingrid , Lotz Anne , Liebers Verena , Zahradnik Eva , Sauke-Gensow Ulrich , Petersen Jens , Raulf Monika 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective
The aim of the study was to find out whether allergen and endotoxin concentrations in offices differ from those measured at the homes of employees, and identify the parameters that influence exposure.

Methods
Electrostatic dust collectors (EDCs) were placed in five office buildings (68 rooms, 436 EDCs), as well as the homes of the office workers (145 rooms, 405 EDCs) for 14 days, four times a year. In addition, surface samples were collected from the offices four times a year by vacuuming the carpeted floors. Domestic mite (DM), and the major cat and dog allergens (Fel d 1 and Can f 1) were quantified in all samples using fluorescence enzyme immunoassays. Endotoxin was measured in the EDC samples, using the Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay. The allergen and endotoxin concentrations were log transformed and analysed with multilevel models.

Results
Endotoxin concentrations were significantly higher in personal homes compared to levels measured in the offices, and depended on the number of persons living in each household, as well as the presence of a dog. DM allergens were significantly higher in households than in offices, and were significantly higher in bedrooms compared to living rooms. Offices occupied by cat owners had significantly higher Fel d 1 concentrations than offices or homes without. Additionally, Can f 1 concentrations were significantly higher in offices occupied by dog owners compared to those without.

Conclusions
Pet owners appear to transfer cat and dog allergens to their offices. Therefore, in case of allergy complaints at the office, employers and physicians might consider possible contamination by cat and dog allergens.
Risk evaluation of denosumab and zoledronic acid for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with bone metastases: a propensity score–matched analysis
Authors: Ikesue Hiroaki , Doi Kohei , Morimoto Mayu , Hirabatake Masaki , Muroi Nobuyuki , Yamamoto Shinsuke , Takenobu Toshihiko , Hashida Tohru 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study evaluated the risk of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in patients with cancer who received denosumab or zoledronic acid (ZA) for treating bone metastasis.

Methods
The medical records of patients were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who did not undergo a dental examination at baseline were excluded. The primary endpoint was a comparison of the risk of developing MRONJ between the denosumab and ZA groups. Propensity score matching was used to control for baseline differences between patient characteristics and compare outcomes for both groups.

Results
Among the 799 patients enrolled, 58 (7.3%) developed MRONJ. The incidence of MRONJ was significantly higher in the denosumab group than in the ZA group (9.6% [39/406] vs. 4.8% [19/393], p = 0.009). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that denosumab treatment (hazard ratio [HR], 2.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65–5.25; p < 0.001) and tooth extraction after starting ZA or denosumab (HR, 4.26; 95% CI, 2.38–7.44; p < 0.001) were significant risk factors for MRONJ. Propensity score–matched analysis confirmed that the risk of developing MRONJ was significantly higher in the denosumab group than in the ZA group (HR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.17–5.01; p = 0.016).

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that denosumab poses a significant risk for developing MRONJ in patients treated for bone metastasis, and thus these patients require close monitoring.
Evaluation of antibody response to BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients affected by immune-mediated inflammatory diseases up to 5 months after vaccination
Authors: Firinu Davide , Perra Andrea , Campagna Marcello , Littera Roberto , Fenu Giuseppe , Meloni Federico , Cipri Selene , Sedda Francesca , Conti Maria , Miglianti Michela , Costanzo Giulia , Secci Marta , Usai Gianmario , Carta Mauro Giovanni , Cappai Riccardo , Orrù Germano , Del Giacco Stefano , Coghe Ferdinando , Chessa Luchino 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 vaccination with mRNA product BNT162b2 elicited high immunogenicity in healthy subjects in trials. This study aims to better understand the factors that influence the humoral immune response to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). We enrolled patients and healthy healthcare workers control group (HCW) that underwent mRNA BNT162b2 vaccination and measured the serum IgG anti-S-RBD response at booster dose (T1), one month after booster dose (T2) and up to 5 months (T3). Demographic, disease-specific and vaccination data were recorded. Vaccination response of 551 participants naïve to SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in HCW and 102 in the IMID group, analyzing separately those on anti-CD20. At T2 all naïve HCW developed anti-S-RBD-IgG, while 94% of IMID responded (p < 0.001). IMID patients had a significantly different level of IgG than HCW at both T1 (p = 0.031), T2 (p < 0.001), while there was no significant difference at T3. There were no statistically significant differences according to the IMID type or to ongoing treatment with immunosuppressants, corticosteroids or biological drugs other than anti-CD20. The proportion and magnitude of response was significantly lower in IMID treated with anti-CD20 drugs. There was a correlation with age at T1 and at T2 but not at T3, stronger in patients than in HCW. Immune response close after BNT162b2 vaccination is reduced in patients with IMID, but there is no significant difference at 5 months. The measured reduction is related to age and the disease itself rather than treatments, with the exception of anti-CD20 drugs.