bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supralesional Ablation Volumes Are Feasible in the Posterior Fossa and May Provide Enhanced Symptomatic Relief
Authors: Luther Evan , Lu Victor M , Morell Alexis A , Elarjani Turki , Mansour Samuel , Echeverry Nikolas , Gaztanaga Wendy , King Hunter , McCarthy David , Eichberg Daniel G , Shah Ashish , Burks Joshua , Kaur Gurvinder , Ivan Michael E , Komotar Ricardo J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) for posterior fossa lesions remains rare as the small size of the infratentorial compartment, proximity to the brainstem, and thickness/angulation of the occipital bone creates barriers to procedural success. Furthermore, evaluation of the effect of ablation volume on outcomes is limited.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze our institutional experience with LITT in the posterior fossa stratifying perioperative and long-term outcomes by ablation volumes.

METHODS
Seventeen patients with posterior fossa lesions treated with LITT from 2013 to 2020 were identified. Local progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, steroid dependence, and edema reduction were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier analysis grouped by ablation volume. Preoperative, postoperative, and last known Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) were compared using a matched paired t test.

RESULTS
No differences in pathology, preoperative KPS, or preoperative lesion volume were found between patients with total (100%-200% increase in pre-LITT lesion volume) versus radical (>200% increase in pre-LITT lesion volume) ablations. Patients who underwent radical ablation had a higher postoperative KPS (93 vs 82, P = .02) and higher KPS (94 vs 87, P = .04) and greater reduction in perilesional edema at last follow-up (P = .01). Median follow-up was 80.8 wk.

CONCLUSION
Despite obvious anatomical challenges, our results demonstrate that radical ablations are both feasible and safe in the posterior fossa. Furthermore, radical ablations may lead to greater decreases in perilesional edema and improved functional status both immediately after surgery and at last follow-up. Thus, LITT should be considered for patients with otherwise unresectable or radioresistant posterior fossa lesions.
Trapping and P2-P3 Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Reanastomosis for Treatment of a Ruptured Fusiform Aneurysm: Application of Fourth-Generation Technique: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Lazaro Tyler T , Srinivasan Visish M , Cotton Patrick C , Cherian Jacob , Johnson Jeremiah N 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aneurysms of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) represent the second most common posterior circulation aneurysm and commonly have complex morphology. Various bypass options exist for PICA aneurysms,
1-6
depending on their location relative to brainstem perforators and the vertebral artery, and the presence of nearby donor arteries. We present a case of a man in his late 40s who presented with 3 d of severe headache. He was found to have a fusiform right P2-segment PICA aneurysm. Preoperative angiogram demonstrated the aneurysm and a redundant P3 caudal loop that came in close proximity to the healthy P2 segment proximal to the aneurysm. The risks and benefits of the procedure were discussed with the patient, and they consented for a right far lateral approach craniotomy with partial condylectomy for trapping of the aneurysm with bypass. The aneurysm was trapped proximally and distally. The P3 was transected just distal to the aneurysm and brought toward the proximal P2 segment, facilitated by a lack of perforators on this redundant distal artery. An end-to-side anastomosis was performed. Postoperative angiogram demonstrated exclusion of the aneurysm and patent bypass. The patient recovered well and remained without any neurological deficit at 6-mo follow-up.
This case demonstrates the use of a “fourth-generation”
5,7,8
bypass technique. These techniques represent the next innovation beyond third-generation intracranial-intracranial bypass. In this type 4B reanastomosis bypass, an unconventional orientation of the arteries was used. Whereas reanastomosis is typically performed end-to-end, the natural course of these arteries and the relatively less-mobile proximal P2 segment made end-to-side the preferred option in this case. Fourth-generation bypass techniques open up more configurations for reanastomosis, using the local anatomy to the surgeon's advantage.
The patient consented to the described procedure and consented to the publication of their image.
Fear of Reinjury Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Is Manifested in Muscle Activation Patterns of Single-Leg Side-Hop Landings
Authors: Markström Jonas L , Grinberg Adam , Häger Charlotte K 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine whether fear of re-injury is manifested in joint kinematics and muscle activation patterns during landings of a standardized rebound side-hop (SRSH), or in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), among individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).MethodsIn this cross-sectional observational study, 38 individuals within 2 years post-ACLR were grouped into HIGH-FEAR (n = 21, median 11.2 months post-surgery) or LOW-FEAR (n = 17, median 10.1 months post-surgery) based on a discriminating question (Q9; Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-17). These individuals and 39 asymptomatic controls performed the SRSH. Three-dimensional motion recordings were used to calculate trunk, hip, and knee joint angles at initial contact and range of respective joint motion during landing. Surface electromyography registered mean amplitudes and co-contraction indexes for thigh muscles during pre-activation (50 ms) and landing phases. PROMs of knee function, knee health, and physical activity were also analyzed.ResultsThe HIGH-FEAR and LOW-FEAR classification was corroborated by distinct Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-17 total and subscale scores and revealed distinguishable muscle activation patterns. HIGH-FEAR demonstrated higher biceps femoris electromyography amplitude and higher anterior-posterior co-contraction index during landing than both LOW-FEAR and controls. However, there were no fear-related differences for kinematics or PROMs. Instead, both ACLR subgroups showed different kinematics at initial contact to controls; HIGH-FEAR with more trunk, hip, and knee flexion, and LOW-FEAR with more hip and knee flexion.ConclusionIndividuals with ACLR who had high fear of re-injury seem to have adopted a protective strategy with higher muscular activation patterns, presumably to stabilize the knee joint, compared with individuals with low fear of re-injury and controls. SRSH landing kinematics or knee-related PROMs may not be as sensitive to fear of re-injury.ImpactFear of reinjury following anterior cruciate ligament injury should be evaluated as an independent psychological outcome throughout rehabilitation after ACLR for improved return to sport transition.Lay SummaryIf you have an anterior cruciate ligament injury treated with reconstructive surgery, you might have a high fear of reinjury, and that can change how you activate the muscles around your knee. Your physical therapist can do a simple screening test in addition to functional tests to help reduce your fear and improve your treatment outcomes.
The Gift of Moving: Intergenerational Consequences of a Mobility Shock
Authors: Nakamura Emi , Sigurdsson Jósef , Steinsson Jón 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We exploit a volcanic “experiment” to study the costs and benefits of geographic mobility. In our experiment, a third of the houses in a town were covered by lava. People living in these houses were much more likely to move away permanently. For the dependents in a household (children), our estimates suggest that being induced to move by the “lava shock” dramatically raised lifetime earnings and education. While large, these estimates come with a substantial amount of statistical uncertainty. The benefits of moving were very unequally distributed across generations: the household heads (parents) were made slightly worse off by the shock. These results suggest large barriers to moving for the children, which imply that labour does not flow to locations where it earns the highest returns. The large gains from moving for the young are surprising in light of the fact that the town affected by our volcanic experiment was (and is) a relatively high income town. We interpret our findings as evidence of the importance of comparative advantage: the gains to moving may be very large for those badly matched to the location they happened to be born in, even if differences in average income are small.
Confidence and the Propagation of Demand Shocks
Authors: Angeletos George-Marios , Lian Chen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe revisit the question of why shifts in aggregate demand drive business cycles. Our theory combines intertemporal substitution in production with rational confusion, or bounded rationality, in consumption and investment. The first element allows aggregate supply to respond to shifts in aggregate demand without nominal rigidity. The second introduces a “confidence multiplier,” that is, a positive feedback loop between real economic activity, consumer expectations of permanent income, and investor expectations of returns. This mechanism amplifies the business-cycle fluctuations triggered by demand shocks (but not necessarily those triggered by supply shocks); it helps investment to comove with consumption; and it allows front-loaded fiscal stimuli to crowd in private spending.
Associations between joint pathologies and central sensitization in persons with hand osteoarthritis: results from the Nor-Hand study
Authors: Steen Pettersen Pernille , Neogi Tuhina , Magnusson Karin , Mathiessen Alexander , Hammer Hilde Berner , Uhlig Till , Kvien Tore K , Haugen Ida K 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
Pain sensitization is associated with pain severity in persons with hand OA. What contributes to pain sensitization is unclear. This study explores whether hand OA pathologies and symptom duration are related to central sensitization.

Method
Participants with hand OA in the Nor-Hand study underwent bilateral hand radiography and US examination. Central sensitization was assessed with pressure pain thresholds (PPT) at remote sites (wrist, trapezius and tibialis anterior muscles) and temporal summation. We examined whether hand OA pathologies, independent of each other, including structural severity (Kellgren–Lawrence sum score, presence of erosive hand OA), inflammatory severity (greyscale synovitis and power Doppler activity sum scores) and symptom duration, were related to central sensitization, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, comorbidities and OA-severity of knee/hip.

Results
In 291 participants (88% women, median age 61 years, interquartile range 57–66 years) Kellgren–Lawrence, greyscale synovitis and power Doppler activity sum scores were not associated with lower PPTs at remote sites. Persons with erosive hand OA had lower PPTs at the wrist (adjusted beta −0.75, 95% CI −1.32, −0.19) and tibialis anterior (adjusted beta −0.82, 95% CI −1.54, −0.09) and had greater temporal summation (adjusted beta 0.56, 95% CI 0.12, 1.01) compared with persons with non-erosive disease. No associations were found for symptom duration.

Conclusions
A person’s overall amount of structural or inflammatory hand OA pathologies was not associated with central sensitization. Although persons with erosive hand OA showed greater signs of central sensitization, the small differences suggest that central sensitization is mainly explained by factors other than joint pathologies.
Socioeconomic Disparities in Parental Spending after Universal Cash Transfers: The Case of the Alaska Dividend
Authors: Amorim Mariana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Parental child-related spending represents an important pathway to promote children’s human capital development and material well-being. It is also, however, a pathway that perpetuates social inequalities given the well-known socioeconomic divide in parental spending on children. Although several studies have documented the extent to which current family income is associated with spending on children, we still know little about the causal effects of additional income on child-related spending across the socioeconomic strata. In this paper, I examine the effects of income gains due to universal and unconditional cash transfers from the Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend on child-related spending. Using longitudinal household expenditure data from the 1996–2015 Consumer Expenditure Surveys, I exploit exogenous variation in the generosity of the Alaska Dividend to estimate short- and long-term disparities in parental expenditures resulting from payouts. Results provide a unique opportunity to compare the behavior of high- and low-income parents after an income boost. I find that low- and middle-income parents use cash transfers to catch up with their more affluent counterparts in the short and long term. Low-income parents are, however, unable to keep up with the long-term increases in child-related spending made by their middle-income counterparts. Implications of results for the reproduction of socioeconomic inequalities and for current and proposed cash-transfer policies are discussed.
Frequent intergenotypic recombination between the non-structural and structural genes is a major driver of epidemiological fitness in caliciviruses
Authors: Mahar Jackie E , Jenckel Maria , Huang Nina , Smertina Elena , Holmes Edward C , Strive Tanja , Hall Robyn N 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The diversity of lagoviruses (Caliciviridae) in Australia has increased considerably in recent years. By the end of 2017, five variants from three viral genotypes were present in populations of Australian rabbits, while prior to 2014 only two variants were known. To understand the evolutionary interactions among these lagovirus variants, we monitored their geographical distribution and relative incidence over time in a continental-scale competition study. Within 3 years of the incursion of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2, denoted genotype GI.1bP-GI.2 [polymerase genotype]P-[capsid genotype]) into Australia, two novel recombinant lagovirus variants emerged: RHDV2-4e (genotype GI.4eP-GI.2) in New South Wales and RHDV2-4c (genotype GI.4cP-GI.2) in Victoria. Although both novel recombinants contain non-structural genes related to those from benign, rabbit-specific, enterotropic viruses, these variants were recovered from the livers of both rabbits and hares that had died acutely. This suggests that the determinants of host and tissue tropism for lagoviruses are associated with the structural genes, and that tropism is intricately connected with pathogenicity. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the RHDV2-4c recombinant emerged independently on multiple occasions, with five distinct lineages observed. Both the new RHDV2-4e and -4c recombinant variants replaced the previous dominant parental RHDV2 (genotype GI.1bP-GI.2) in their respective geographical areas, despite sharing an identical or near-identical (i.e. single amino acid change) VP60 major capsid protein with the parental virus. This suggests that the observed replacement by these recombinants was not driven by antigenic variation in VP60, implicating the non-structural genes as key drivers of epidemiological fitness. Molecular clock estimates place the RHDV2-4e recombination event in early to mid-2015, while the five RHDV2-4c recombination events occurred from late 2015 through to early 2017. The emergence of at least six viable recombinant variants within a 2-year period highlights the high frequency of these events, detectable only through intensive surveillance, and demonstrates the importance of recombination in lagovirus evolution.
Hearing Outcomes with Percutaneous and Transcutaneous BAHA® Technology in Conductive and Mixed Hearing Loss
Authors: Tobia Amjad , Yehudai Noam , Khnifes Riad , Shpak Talma , Roth Osnat , Khayr Ranin , Luntz Michal 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
To evaluate outcomes of BAHA Connect® and BAHA Attract® implantations, and to examine the prognostic utility of a preimplantation Softband®-attached processor trial.

Study Design:
Retrospective case review

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Patients who underwent Connect® (19 ears) and Attract® (25 ears) implantation between 2007 and 2017.

Intervention:
BAHA® implantation.

Main Outcome Measures:
Unaided air conduction (AC), bone conduction (BC), and speech reception thresholds (SRTs), as well as free field (FF) aided with Softband®-attached processor and with implant-attached processor thresholds.

Results:
Serviceable implant-attached processor PTA0.5,1,2 kHz (≤35 dB HL) was achieved in 89 and 88% of the Connect® and the Attract® ears, respectively, while at 4 kHz this was achieved in 68 and 32% of the Connect® and the Attract® ears, respectively (p
=
0.032). Significantly more Connect® ears showed alignment between FF aided with implant-attached processors thresholds and BC thresholds. The alignment between the Softband®-attached processors thresholds and implant-attached processors thresholds was similar in the two groups. Both groups exhibited similar positive improvement in the quality of life questionnaires

Conclusions:
Accessibility to sound with the implant-attached processor is well predicted by the pre-implantation Softband® trial, both in the BAHA Connect® and in the BAHA Attract® ears. Hearing rehabilitation targets at 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz are met by most Connect® and Attract® ears, while at 4 kHz the outcome with Attract® is poorer. This information should be presented to the patient during consultation prior to a decision as to the type of BAHA® device to be implanted.
The Impact of the Frequency-Specific Preoperative Sensorineural Hearing Loss to Postoperative Overclosure of Bone Conduction in Stapedotomy
Authors: Fang Yanqing , Zhang Kun , Ersbo Jack H. , Chen Bing 
Published: September 2021

Objective:
To evaluate the frequency-specific relationships between the preoperative sensorineural hearing loss and postoperative overclosure of bone conduction (BC) threshold after stapedotomy.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 207 otosclerosis patients who underwent stapedotomy in our hospital. Pre- and postoperative audiometry were collected between patients with or without preoperative sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) component (i.e., SNHL group and non-SNHL group, respectively). Overclosure rate (OR), deterioration rate (DR), and their significant values (i.e., SOR or SDR) were compared between the sub-groups at each frequency to access the frequency-specific outcomes.

Results:
There were 69 patients in non-SNHL group and 138 patients in SNHL group. Postoperative success rate was similar in non-SNHL group and SNHL group. For frequency-specific outcomes, both the OR and SOR were significantly obvious in all SNHL subgroups than those in non-SNHL subgroups (p < 0.001), except at 4 kHz for SOR. Extent of overclosure and significant overclosure were more obvious in SNHL subgroups than those in non-SNHL subgroups (p < 0.01). The DR and SDR of BC were significantly obvious at 1k to 4 kHz in non-SNHL subgroups than those in SNHL subgroups (p < 0.01), however, not so for the extent of deterioration (p > 0.05). Frequency-specific success rate was similar at each frequency.

Conclusion:
Stapedotomy was efficient and safe in patients with or without SNHL component preoperatively. Frequency-specific overclosure effect was more obvious in all tone frequencies in SNHL subgroups than those in non-SNHL subgroups. For frequency-specific outcomes, about 50% BC with preoperative SNHL component at tone frequency meet postoperative significant overclosure effect, which was most obvious at low frequencies.
Doctor shopping among chronic noncancer pain patients treated with opioids in the province of Quebec (Canada): incidence, risk factors, and association with the occurrence of opioid overdoses
Authors: Kaboré Jean-Luc , Pagé M. Gabrielle , Dassieu Lise , Tremblay Éric , Benigeri Mike , Roy Denis A. , Lacasse Anaïs , Choinière Manon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Prescription opioids continue to be involved in the opioid crisis, and a better understanding of factors associated with problematic opioid use is needed.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of opioid doctor shopping, a proxy for problematic opioid use, to identify associated risk factors, and to assess its association with the occurrence of opioid overdoses.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study of people living with chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) and treated with opioids for at least 6 months between 2006 and 2017 in the province of Quebec (Canada). Data were drawn from the Quebec health administrative databases. Doctor shopping was defined as overlapping prescriptions written by ≥ 2 prescribers and filled in ≥3 pharmacies.

Results:
A total of 8,398 persons with CNCP were included. The median age was 68.0 (Q1: 54; Q3: 82) years, and 37.1% were male. The 1-year incidence of opioid doctor shopping was 7.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.2–8.5. Doctor shopping was associated with younger age (hazard ratio [HR] 18–44 vs ≥65 years: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.77–2.79; HR 45–64 vs ≥65 years: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.11–1.63), male sex (HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.01–1.43), history of substance use disorder (HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.01–1.72), and anxiety (HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.13–1.77). People who exhibited doctor shopping were 5 times more likely to experience opioid overdoses (HR = 5.25, 95% CI: 1.44–19.13).

Conclusion:
Opioid doctor shopping is a marginal phenomenon among people with CNCP, but which is associated with the occurrence of opioid overdoses. Better monitoring of persons at high risk to develop doctor shopping could help prevent opioid overdoses.
Scale-free dynamics of Covid-19 in a Brazilian city
Authors: Policarpo J. M. P. , Ramos A. A. G. F. , Dye C. , Faria N. R. , Leal F. E. , Moraes O. J. S. , Parag K. V. , Peixoto P. S. , Sabino E. C. , Nascimento V. H. , Deppman A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMathematical models can provide insights into the control of pandemic COVID-19, which remains a global priority. The dynamics of directly-transmitted infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, are usually described by compartmental models where individuals are classified as susceptible, infected and removed. These SIR models typically assume homogenous transmission of infection, even in large populations, a simplification that is convenient but inconsistent with observations. Here we use original data on the dynamics of COVID-19 spread in a Brazilian city to investigate the structure of the transmission network. We find that transmission can be described by a network in which each infectious individual has a small number of susceptible contacts, of the order of 2-5, which is independent of total population size. Compared with standard models of homogenous mixing, this scale-free, fractal infection process gives a better description of COVID-19 dynamics through time. In addition, the contact process explains the geographically localized clusters of disease seen in this Brazilian city. Our scale-free model can help refine criteria for physical and social distancing in order to more effectively mitigate the spread of COVID-19. We propose that scale-free COVID-19 dynamics could be a widespread phenomenon, a topic for further investigation.