bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mikrovaskuläre Pathologien bei Patienten mit Psoriasis vulgaris mittels Nagelfalzkapillarmikroskopie identifiziert: Ergebnisse einer prospektiven kontrollierten Studie
Authors: Bardehle Felicitas , Sies Katharina , Enk Alexander , Rosenberger Albert , Fink Christine , Haenssle Holger 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund: Die Psoriasis gilt als unabhängiger kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktor und Treiber einer Atherogenese. Mikrovaskuläre Veränderungen in psoriatischen Plaques sind gut beschrieben, wohingegen Veränderungen außerhalb betroffener Hautareale kaum untersucht wurden. In dieser Studie wurden Nagelfalzkapillaren von Psoriasispatienten in nicht betroffener Haut systematisch untersucht.Patienten und Methodik: Prospektive Studie mit Untersuchung von Nagelfalzkapillaren bei Psoriasispatienten im Vergleich zu gesunden Kontrollen mittels digitaler Videokapillarmikroskopie. Es wurden 21 kapillarmikroskopische Parameter bewertet und die Ergebnisse mit Charakteristika der Patienten und der Psoriasiserkrankung, mit Laborparametern und Messungen der Intima‐Media‐Dicke der Arteria carotis communis korreliert.Ergebnisse: Die 77 Psoriasispatienten (24 mit zusätzlicher Psoriasisarthritis) und 71 Kontrollen zeigten sich hinsichtlich demographischer Merkmale und relevanter Einflussfaktoren für eine Mikroangiopathie ausbalanciert. Im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe zeigten Psoriasispatienten eine signifikante Minderung der kapillaren Dichte, häufigere Kapillarerweiterung mit mehr Verzweigungen, Torquierungen und kapillaren Unregelmäßigkeiten. Zusätzlich zeigten Psoriasispatienten signifikant höhere inflammatorische Serummarker und eine gesteigerte Intima‐Media‐Dicke. In unserem Kollektiv bestand kein Zusammenhang zwischen Krankheitsdauer oder Schweregrad der Psoriasis und spezifischen Kapillarveränderungen.Schlussfolgerungen: Die Nagelfalzkapillaren der untersuchten Psoriasispatienten zeigten ausgeprägte mikrovaskuläre Veränderungen, welche mit erhöhten Markern einer systemischen Entzündung und Frühzeichen einer Atherosklerose korrelierten. Weitere Studien sind erforderlich, um die Rolle der digitalen Videokapillarmikroskopie in der Bewertung des kardiovaskulären Risikos von Psoriasispatienten zu untersuchen.
Etablierung und Validierung eines didaktischen muskuloskelettalen Ultraschallkurses für Dermatologen unter Verwendung eines innovativen Hand‐Ultraschallsystems – die MUDE‐Studie (Muskuloskelettaler Ultraschall für Dermatologen)
Authors: Grobelski Jakub , Recker Florian , Wilsmann‐ Theis Dagmar , Hartung Wolfgang , Karakostas Pantelis , Brossart Peter , Schäfer Valentin Sebastian 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDer muskuloskelettale Ultraschall (MSUS) schmerzhafter Gelenke spielt bei der Früherkennung der Arthritis, wie zum Beispiel der Psoriasisarthritis, eine wichtige Rolle. Pathologische Befunde können bei der klinischen Untersuchung übersehen werden, insbesondere wenn sie von Ärzten durchgeführt werden, die nicht in der Durchführung geschult sind. Das Ziel dieser Studie war die Untersuchung eines Pilot‐MSUS‐Kurses anhand des MUDE‐Protokolls, welches speziell für Dermatologen entwickelt wurde.MethodikUm den Grad der MSUS‐Expertise der Teilnehmer zu ermitteln, wurde vor dem Kurs eine Umfrage mittels SurveyMonkey® durchgeführt. Das Kurskonzept umfasste nur die wichtigsten Ultraschallschnitte aller Gelenke und konzentrierte sich auf die Erkennung von Gelenkergüssen und Hyperperfusion der Synovia. Der Kurs bestand aus drei Modulen und wurde über sechs Monate durchgeführt. Das tragbare Butterfly IQ® System in Kombination mit einem Apple iPad wurde allen Teilnehmern zur Verfügung gestellt, um das Üben zwischen den Kursen zu ermöglichen. Die abschließende Lehrevaluation wurde als objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) durchgeführt.ErgebnisseZwölf Dermatologen nahmen teil. Die Umfrage ergab keine Vorkenntnisse des MSUS. Die Gesamtpunktzahl aller Teilnehmer in der OSCE betrug 21,86 (87,44 %) von insgesamt 25 Punkten, was der Schulnote „gut“ entsprach.SchlussfolgerungDas innovative Lehrkonzept MUDE eignet sich somit, unabhängig von Vorkenntnissen, in besonderer Weise für die Ausbildung von Dermatologen im MSUS.
Moderne Sensortechnik zur kontinuierlichen Glukosemessung: Anwendungseinschränkungen durch Kontaktallergien
Authors: Kamann Stefanie , Wagner Nicola , Oppel Eva 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDiabetes‐Erkrankungen haben in den letzten Jahren weltweit stark zugenommen. Genauso rasant entwickeln sich jedoch auch neue Technologien wie die kontinuierliche Glukosemessung mittels subkutaner Sensoren. Auch die stetig optimierte Insulinpumpentherapie trägt zur verbesserten Lebensqualität bei.Diesen modernen Geräten zur Diabetestherapie ist gemein, dass sie über mehrere Tage an einer Stelle auf der Haut fixiert werden. In den letzten Jahren wurde zunehmend über Hautreaktionen, insbesondere ausgeprägte Kontaktallergien, im Haftareal berichtet. Als Hauptallergen wurde Isobornylacrylat identifiziert, das initial in einem Sensorset zur Glukosemessung enthalten war. Die Entwicklung einer Kontaktallergie kann sowohl den notwendigen kompletten Verzicht auf das Messsystem als auch Kreuzreaktionen zu anderen Systemen bedeuten.
„Indische“Trichophyton mentagrophytes‐Stämme mit reduzierter Itraconazol‐Empfindlichkeit in Deutschland
Authors: Brasch Jochen , Gräser Yvonne , Beck‐Jendroscheck Vera , Voss Karen , Torz Kaspar , Walther Grit , Schwarz Thomas 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungWir nehmen die publizierten und drei eigene Fälle von Tinea durch „indische“ Trichophyton (T.) mentagrophytes‐Stämme vom ITS‐Genotyp VIII mit reduzierter Itraconazol‐Empfindlichkeit bei der Mutation c.1342G>A im SQLE‐Gen zum Anlass, über diesen Erreger in Deutschland zu berichten. Resistenzbestimmungen in vitro zeigten eine normale Terbinafin‐Empfindlichkeit, aber eine deutlich reduzierte Azol‐Empfindlichkeit – wenngleich bisher keine validierten Breakpoints definiert und minimale Hemmkonzentrationen (MHK) methodenabhängig sind. Die Probleme bei den Bestimmungen und der Interpretation der MHK werden erläutert. Unsere Fälle zeigen, dass in Deutschland Azol‐resistente „indische“ T. mentagrophytes‐Stämme vom ITS‐Genotyp VIII bereits ab 2011 auftraten, also früher als bislang vermutet. Phänotypisch ist diese Erregervariante nicht von herkömmlichen T. mentagrophytes‐Stämmen zu unterscheiden; ihre Identifikation muss genetisch erfolgen. Die taxonomische Einordnung wird noch diskutiert. Diese Variante ist anthropophil und verursacht erregerreiche, wenig entzündliche Tineaherde. Daher ist mit ihrer weiteren Verbreitung zu rechnen. Die Voraussetzungen für eine rasche und valide Antimykotikatestung bei Dermatophyten sollten geschaffen werden.
Häufige Nagelerkrankungen: Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Löser Christoph R. , Nenoff Pietro , Mainusch Oliver , Dippel Edgar , Balakirski Galina 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDiese Übersicht widmet sich Nagelveränderungen, die nicht zu den gut‐ oder bösartigen Tumoren des Nagelorgans gehören. Zu diesen häufigen Nagelerkrankungen gehören strukturelle Veränderungen in und unter der Nagelplatte sowie Entzündungen im und um das Nagelbett. Dazu zählen Onychomykosen, Nagelpsoriasis, das weite Spektrum der Onychodystrophien, subunguale Hämatome, Paronychien, eingewachsene Zehennägel und Zangennägel. Aufgrund der besonderen Anatomie und den physiologischen Wachstumsbedingungen des Nagels ist der Ursprung der pathologischen Veränderungen nicht immer am Ort der Problematik zu finden und bedarf einer eingehenderen Beurteilung und Interpretation.
Modelling learning in Caenorhabditis elegans chemosensory and locomotive circuitry for T‐maze navigation
Authors: Sakelaris Bennet G. , Li Zongyu , Sun Jiawei , Banerjee Shurjo , Booth Victoria , Gourgou Eleni 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecently, a new type of Caenorhabditis elegans associative learning was reported, where nematodes learn to reach a target arm in an empty T‐maze, after they have successfully located reward (food) in the same side arm of a similar, baited, training maze. Here, we present a simplified mathematical model of C. elegans chemosensory and locomotive circuitry that replicates C. elegans navigation in a T‐maze and predicts the underlying mechanisms generating maze learning. Based on known neural circuitry, the model circuit responds to food‐released chemical cues by modulating motor neuron activity that drives simulated locomotion. We show that, through modulation of interneuron activity, such a circuit can mediate maze learning by acquiring a turning bias, even after a single training session. Simulated nematode maze navigation during training conditions in food‐baited mazes and during testing conditions in empty mazes is validated by comparing simulated behaviour with new experimental video data, extracted through the implementation of a custom‐made maze tracking algorithm. Our work provides a mathematical framework for investigating the neural mechanisms underlying this novel learning behaviour in C. elegans. Model results predict neuronal components involved in maze and spatial learning and identify target neurons and potential neural mechanisms for future experimental investigations into this learning behaviour.
Association of the COVID‐19 outbreak with acute stroke care in Switzerland
Authors: De Marchis Gian Marco , Wright Patrick R. , Michel Patrik , Strambo Davide , Carrera Emmanuel , Dirren Elisabeth , Luft Andreas R. , Wegener Susanne , Cereda Carlo W. , Kägi Georg , Vehoff Jochen , Gensicke Henrik , Lyrer Philippe , Nedeltchev Krassen , Khales Timo , Bolognese Manuel , Salmen Stephan , Sturzenegger Rolf , Bonvin Christophe , Berger Christian , Schelosky Ludwig , Mono Marie‐Luise , Rodic Biljana , von Reding Andrea , Schwegler Guido , Tarnutzer Alexander A. , Medlin Friedrich , Humm Andrea M. , Peters Nils , Beyeler Morin , Kriemler Lilian , Bervini David , Fandino Javier , Hemkens Lars G. , Mordasini Pasquale , Arnold Marcel , Fischer Urs , Bonati Leo H. ,   the Swiss Stroke Registry Investigators
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeIn Switzerland, the COVID‐19 incidence during the first pandemic wave was high. Our aim was to assess the association of the outbreak with acute stroke care in Switzerland in spring 2020.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis based on the Swiss Stroke Registry, which includes consecutive patients with acute cerebrovascular events admitted to Swiss Stroke Units and Stroke Centers. A linear model was fitted to the weekly admission from 2018 and 2019 and was used to quantify deviations from the expected weekly admissions from 13 March to 26 April 2020 (the “lockdown period”). Characteristics and 3‐month outcome of patients admitted during the lockdown period were compared with patients admitted during the same calendar period of 2018 and 2019.ResultsIn all, 28,310 patients admitted between 1 January 2018 and 26 April 2020 were included. Of these, 4491 (15.9%) were admitted in the periods March 13–April 26 of the years 2018–2020. During the lockdown in 2020, the weekly admissions dropped by up to 22% compared to rates expected from 2018 and 2019. During three consecutive weeks, weekly admissions fell below the 5% quantile (likelihood 0.38%). The proportion of intracerebral hemorrhage amongst all registered admissions increased from 7.1% to 9.3% (p = 0.006), and numerically less severe strokes were observed (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale from 3 to 2, p = 0.07).ConclusionsAdmissions and clinical severity of acute cerebrovascular events decreased substantially during the lockdown in Switzerland. Delivery and quality of acute stroke care were maintained.
Epigenetics and the city: Non‐parallel DNA methylation modifications across pairs of urban‐forest Great tit populations
Authors: Caizergues Aude E. , Le Luyer Jeremy , Grégoire Arnaud , Szulkin Marta , Senar Juan‐Carlos , Charmantier Anne , Perrier Charles 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIdentifying the molecular mechanisms involved in rapid adaptation to novel environments and determining their predictability are central questions in evolutionary biology and pressing issues due to rapid global changes. Complementary to genetic responses to selection, faster epigenetic variations such as modifications of DNA methylation may play a substantial role in rapid adaptation. In the context of rampant urbanization, joint examinations of genomic and epigenomic mechanisms are still lacking. Here, we investigated genomic (SNP) and epigenomic (CpG methylation) responses to urban life in a passerine bird, the Great tit (Parus major). To test whether urban evolution is predictable (i.e. parallel) or involves mostly nonparallel molecular processes among cities, we analysed both SNP and CpG methylation variations across three distinct pairs of city and forest Great tit populations in Europe. Our analyses reveal a polygenic response to urban life, with both many genes putatively under weak divergent selection and multiple differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between forest and city great tits. DMRs mainly overlapped transcription start sites and promotor regions, suggesting their importance in modulating gene expression. Both genomic and epigenomic outliers were found in genomic regions enriched for genes with biological functions related to the nervous system, immunity, or behavioural, hormonal and stress responses. Interestingly, comparisons across the three pairs of city‐forest populations suggested little parallelism in both genetic and epigenetic responses. Our results confirm, at both the genetic and epigenetic levels, hypotheses of polygenic and largely nonparallel mechanisms of rapid adaptation in novel environments such as urbanized areas.
Latina farmworkers' experiences: Maintaining dignity in an oppressive workplace
Authors: Areguin Maira A. , Stewart Abigail J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFarmworkers in the United States support the billion‐dollar agriculture industry, but they and their work are largely undervalued and ignored. While workplace research has thoroughly examined mistreatment at work, there is little research that delves into non‐traditional workplaces–like those that employ farmworkers. Moreover, a focus on women farmworkers is even rarer, given that farmwork is a field dominated by men. However, an intersectional approach reveals Latina farmworkers' position in the U.S. in terms of the multiple hierarchies of status, power and privilege that affect them. Our study used thematic analysis to examine Latina farmworker experiences. Interviews with 14 Latina farmworkers revealed that they experience an oppressive workplace where discrimination and harassment are present. Despite these indignities, women still name positive aspects of their place of employment and ways in which they maintain their dignity in these challenging work settings.
The emerging association between bronchiectasis and systemic sclerosis: assessing prevalence and potential causality
Authors: Smith Rosemary , Harrison Megan , Lam Kay‐Vin , Adler Brendan , Bulsara Max , Sahhar Joanne , Stevens Wendy , Proudman Susanna , Nikpour Mandana , Gabbay Eli 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundBronchiectasis has been observed in association with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Theorised aetiology includes aspiration related to oesophageal dysmotility, immunosuppressant medication use and the direct effect of collagen deposition on airway calibre.AimsTo detail bronchiectasis prevalence in an SSc population who have had a high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the thorax. We assessed whether oesophageal dysmotility, demographic variables, SSc duration or subclass were associated with bronchiectasis.MethodsParticipants in the Australian Scleroderma Cohort Study (ASCS) with a HRCT were included. The ASCS provided demographic and clinical data. HRCT studies were reviewed for bronchiectasis, oesophageal dilatation and interstitial lung disease (ILD). Traction bronchiectasis associated with ILD was recorded as a separate entity to bronchiectasis. Oesophageal dysmotility was defined by symptoms and/or oesophageal dilatation.ResultsOf the 256 participants, 16.4% (n = 42) had bronchiectasis. Logistic regression analysis revealed no significant association between bronchiectasis and oesophageal dysmotility (observed in 95.7%), any demographic variable, SSc duration or subclass. A negative association between bronchiectasis and ILD was observed (P = 0.009; odds ratio 0.322; 95% confidence intervals 0.137–0.756).ConclusionThose with SSc appear to have an increased risk for bronchiectasis. Since bronchiectasis was not more frequent in participants with a longer duration of SSc, we hypothesise that its development is not related to immunosuppression alone. Oesophageal dysmotility was almost universal in our population such that its effect on bronchiectasis development could not be concluded. A negative association between bronchiectasis and ILD reflects that bronchiectasis occurring alongside ILD was recorded as a separate entity.
Whole-genome sequencing links Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile in a single hospital to diverse environmental sources in the community
Authors: Lim Su-Chen , Collins Deirdre A. , Imwattana Korakrit , Knight Daniel R. , Perumalsamy Sicilia , Hain-Saunders Natasza M. R. , Putsathit Papanin , Speers David , Riley Thomas V. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
To investigate if Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile infection (CDI), traditionally thought of as hospital-acquired, can be genomically linked to hospital or community environmental sources, and to define possible importation routes from the community to the hospital.

Methods and Results
In 2019, C. difficile was isolated from 89/300 (29.7%) floor and 96/300 (32.0%) shoe sole samples at a tertiary hospital in Western Australia. Non-toxigenic C. difficile ribotype (RT) 010 predominated among floor (96.6%) and shoe sole (73.2%) isolates, while toxigenic RT 014/020 was most prevalent among contemporaneous clinical cases (33.0%) at the hospital. Whole-genome sequencing and high-resolution core genome single nucleotide polymorphism (cgSNP) analysis on C. difficile strains from hospital and community sources showed no clinical C. difficile RT 014/020 strains were genetically related, and evidence of frequent long-distance, multi-directional spread between humans, animals and the environment. In addition, cgSNP analysis of environmental RT 010 strains suggested transportation of C. difficile via shoe soles.

Conclusions
While C. difficile RT 014/020 appears to spread via routes outside the healthcare system, RT 010 displayed a pattern of possible importation from the community into the hospital.

Significance and Impact of Study
These findings suggest developing community-based infection prevention and control strategies could significantly lower rates of CDI in the hospital setting.
Gender, hidden profiles, and the individual preference effect
Authors: Nicholson Dawn H. , Hopthrow Tim , Randsley de Moura Georgina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we meta‐analyzed nine of our own studies to examine gender effects in decision‐making when information is asymmetrically distributed among group members in a hidden profile (HP). In particular, we examined the influence of individual preferences on decision‐making outcomes and how, or whether, they differed by gender. The meta‐analysis of our studies, which focused on individual decision‐making, suggested that the individual preference effect (IPE), a form of confirmation bias, may manifest differently by gender: Female participants in the HP condition demonstrated greater improvement in decision quality when moving from viewing partial to full information than their male counterparts. No gender differences in decision quality were found when information was presented in a structured one‐page Manifest Profile (MP), with all information made immediately available to all participants. This gender differential in the IPE is not contemplated by previous IPE or HP research, so this finding is of significant interest. We discuss our results in the context of previous mixed findings regarding the effect of gender diversity in improving group decision‐making and potential workplace changes required to recognize this gender difference.
Neotropical niche evolution of Otoba trees in the context of global biogeography of the nutmeg family
Authors: Frost Laura , Santamaría‐Aguilar Daniel A. , Singletary Daisy , Lagomarsino Laura P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimPlant distributions are influenced by species’ ability to colonize new areas via long‐distance dispersal and propensity to adapt to new environments via niche evolution. We use otobas, a clade of ecologically dominant trees found in low‐to mid‐elevation wet forests, as a system to understand the relative importance of these processes within the Neotropics.LocationNeotropics and global.TaxonOtoba and entire Myristicaceae.MethodsWe resolve the first phylogeny of Otoba the Angiosperms353 loci and plastome sequences from 13 accessions representing seven species. We pair this with the most densely sampled phylogeny of Myristicaceae to date, inferred using publicly available plastid data. We then use environmental niche modelling, biogeographical reconstruction, phylogenetic principle components analysis and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models to infer biogeography and examine patterns of niche evolution.ResultsMyristicaceae has an Old World origin, with a single expansion into the Americas. Divergence dates, fossil evidence and a notable lack of long‐distance dispersal are consistent with a Boreotropical origin of Neotropical Myristicaceae. Mirroring the rarity of dispersal at the family level, Otoba's biogeography is marked by few biogeographical events: two expansions into Central America from a South American ancestor and a single dispersal event across the Andes. This limited movement contrasts with rapid climatic niche evolution, typically occurring across geographically proximate habitats.Main conclusionContrasting with previous studies, long‐distance dispersal does not need to be invoked to explain the pantropical distribution of Myristicaceae, nor the biogeography of Otoba. This likely results from the family's relatively large seeds that are dispersed by large‐bodied vertebrates. Instead, rapid niche evolution in Otoba has facilitated its occurrence throughout mesic habitats of the northern Neotropics, including the Amazon rainforest and Andean montane forests. Otoba adds to a growing group of Neotropical plant clades in which climate adaptation following local migration is common, implying an important role of niche evolution in the assembly of the Neotropical flora.