bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy and Safety of Image-Guided Freehand Pin Placement in Canine Cadaveric Vertebrae
Authors: Samer Eva S. , Forterre Franck , Rathmann Justus M.K. , Stein Veronika M. , Precht Christina M. , Guevar Julien 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to validate an imaging technique for evaluation of spinal surgery accuracy and to establish accuracy and safety of freehand technique in the thoracolumbar spine of large breed dogs.Study Design After thoracolumbar spine computed tomography (CT), 26 drilling corridors were planned then drilled to receive 3.2 mm positive profile pins using a freehand technique. After pin removal, CT was repeated. All entry points, exit points and angles of the preoperative planned trajectories were compared with postoperative ones using an image registration and fusion technique by three observers. Corridor coordinates for entry and exit points were evaluated in three dimensions and angles were measured in one plane. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to establish the imaging technique reliability and descriptive statistics were used to report on the freehand technique accuracy. Safety was evaluated using a vertebral cortical breach grading scheme.Results Intraclass correlation coefficient for the entry points, exit points and angle were 0.79, 0.96 and 0.92 respectively. Mean deviations for the entry points, exit points and angle were 3.1 mm, 6.3 mm and 7.6 degrees respectively. Maximum deviations were 6.3 mm, 11.0 mm and 16.4 degrees. Most deviations were lateral and caudal. All corridors were judged as safe.Conclusion The imaging technique reliability was good to excellent to study spinal surgery accuracy. Implant deviations should be anticipated when planning stabilization surgery in large breed dogs using the freehand-guided technique.
Parametric analysis of the output performance of a valveless piezoelectric pump with a bullhorn-shaped structure
Authors: He Lipeng , Hu Dianbin , Wang Jingran , Zhang Zheng , Zhou Ziming , Yu Gang , Cheng Guangming 
Published: July 2021

In response to the serious problem of backflow in valveless piezoelectric pumps, this paper proposes a valveless piezoelectric pump with a bullhorn-shaped structure. In this paper, we analyze the flow guide by using the “tail flow space pressure comparison method” and “fluid unit dynamic analysis method,” revealing the working principle of the flow guide in the valveless piezoelectric pump. The effects of the height, sharp angle, and filter angle of the bullhorn-shaped structure on the output flow were investigated separately by the experiment. The experimental results show that the output flow rate is best when the height of the bullhorn structure is 2 mm, the choke of the bullhorn-shaped structure is 2, and the sharp angle and fillet angle are 180°. The output flow rate of this valveless piezoelectric pump can reach 170.6 ml/min at a drive voltage of 210 V and a drive frequency of 45 Hz, indicating that the valveless piezoelectric pump has good pumping capability and can effectively alleviate the backflow phenomenon. This study offers some valuable insights into improving its performance and practical application.
Accelerated expansion of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmies in Huntington’s disease
Authors: Wang Yiqin , Guo Xiaoxian , Ye Kaixiong , Orth Michael , Gu Zhenglong 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Decline of mitochondrial function may underlie the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases, such as Huntington’s disease (HD). Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system is encoded partially by the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). By investigating mtDNA in lymphoblast and blood samples of HD patients, we found that the expansion of OXPHOS-impairing mtDNA heteroplasmies (coexistence of mutated and wild-type mtDNA) is a molecular feature associated with the functional, motor, and cognitive aspects of HD progression, suggesting that improving mtDNA quality or restoring mitochondrial function could be a potential target for HD treatments.
Tsc1 regulates tight junction independent of mTORC1
Authors: Lai Mingqiang , Zou Wenchong , Han Zelong , Zhou Ling , Qiu Zeyou , Chen Juan , Zhang Sheng , Lai Pinglin , Li Kai , Zhang Yue , Liang Li , Jiang Yu , Zou Zhipeng , Bai Xiaochun 
Published: July 2021

Significance
The epithelium barrier is vital for sealing body surface and alimentary spaces, preventing paracellular material diffusion and pathogen invasion. We describe here that tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (Tsc1) controls tight junction (TJ) formation to create and maintain the epithelial barrier, independent of its conventional role in mTOR regulation. We found that Tsc1 loss is associated with TJ destruction in patients with TJ-related human diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis, a common skin disorder. Tsc1 knockout in epithelial cells drives TJ dysfunction, causing Crohn’s disease–like and psoriasis-like signs and symptoms in mice. This function of Tsc1 has significant implications to understand how epithelial cells form TJ to protect us from these diseases.
The salience of choice fuels independence: Implications for self-perception, cognition, and behavior
Authors: Nanakdewa Kevin , Madan Shilpa , Savani Krishna , Markus Hazel Rose 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceThese studies find that choice—an increasingly salient feature of many cultural contexts—is linked with an array of previously undocumented behavioral consequences. When people think of their actions as choices, they feel larger and stronger than others, are attracted to ideas of independence, and feel empowered to voice their opinions. Choosing what to eat and which shampoo to buy may seem like trivial acts, yet the current research finds that the salience of choice alone can have a range of powerful psychological effects. As the ideas and practices of choice become increasingly salient worldwide, they will likely fuel a host of unanticipated consequences, including a sense of self as independent, and so contribute to the rise of global individualism.
Treg-expressed CTLA-4 depletes CD80/CD86 by trogocytosis, releasing free PD-L1 on antigen-presenting cells
Authors: Tekguc Murat , Wing James Badger , Osaki Motonao , Long Jia , Sakaguchi Shimon 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceImmunosuppressive Tregs constitutively express CTLA-4, an immune checkpoint receptor. Addressing the role of CTLA-4 in Treg-suppressive function, we show that Treg-expressed CTLA-4, even in the absence of its cytoplasmic portion, promoted the conjugation of Tregs and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), leading to CTLA-4–dependent trogocytosis of CD80/CD86 and concomitant transfer of membrane fragments from APCs to the Treg cell surface. The depletion or blockade of CD80 by trogocytosis or solubilized CTLA-4, respectively, increased free PD-L1 by disrupting cis-CD80/PD-L1 heterodimers on APCs. Thus, Tregs can exert dual suppressive effects through the limitation of CD80/CD86 and up-regulation of free PD-L1 on APCs. Cancer immunotherapy with anti–CTLA-4 and anti–PD-1/PD-L1 blocking antibodies may enhance tumor immunity by hindering this Treg-mediated immune suppression.
Wireless, battery-free, subdermally implantable platforms for transcranial and long-range optogenetics in freely moving animals
Authors: Ausra Jokubas , Wu Mingzheng , Zhang Xin , Vázquez-Guardado Abraham , Skelton Patrick , Peralta Roberto , Avila Raudel , Murickan Thomas , Haney Chad R. , Huang Yonggang , Rogers John A. , Kozorovitskiy Yevgenia , Gutruf Philipp 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Delivery of light for optogenetic stimulation of the brain is challenging, especially in small animals, because of behavioral constraints associated with physical tethering by fiber optic cables. This limitation interferes with some classes of in vivo behavioral experiments and makes others impossible. Additionally, the penetrating probes associated with these and related technologies cause damage to targeted regions of neural tissues, thereby complicating experimental evaluation. Here, we introduce a wireless, battery-free system that interfaces to the animal as a minimally invasive, subdermal implant capable of delivering high-intensity optogenetic light stimulation directly through the skull, without penetrating the brain. This approach avoids damage to brain tissue, facilitates simple surgical implantation, and enables new, ethologically grounded neuroscience experiments, applicable over large experimental arenas.
Multiple flat bands and topological Hofstadter butterfly in twisted bilayer graphene close to the second magic angle
Authors: Lu Xiaobo , Lian Biao , Chaudhary Gaurav , Piot Benjamin A. , Romagnoli Giulio , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Poggio Martino , MacDonald Allan H. , Bernevig B. Andrei , Efetov Dmitri K. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Multiple flat bands in high-quality twisted bilayer graphene close to the theoretically predicted second magic angle are observed. These well-isolated flat moiré bands host a nontrivial topology which is evidenced by a connecting multiband Hofstadter butterfly spectrum. This work provides a perspective for understanding the emergent quantum phases (i.e., strong correlation and band topology) in twisted bilayer graphene and the fractal Hofstadter spectra of multiple topological bands.
Observation of others’ threat reactions recovers memories previously shaped by firsthand experiences
Authors: Haaker Jan , Diaz-Mataix Lorenzo , Guillazo-Blanch Gemma , Stark Sara A. , Kern Lea , LeDoux Joseph E. , Olsson Andreas 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Social transmission of threat information by observation is effective in humans and other animals. However, it is unknown if such observation of others’ reacting to threats can retrieve memories that have been previously learned through direct, firsthand aversive experiences. Here, we show concordantly in humans and rats that observing a conspecific’s reactions to a threat is sufficient to recover associative memories of direct, firsthand aversive experiences, measured as conditioned threat responses (physiological responses and defensive behavior) in the observer. The reinstatement of threat responses by observation of others is specific to the context that is observed as being dangerous. Our findings provide cross-species evidence that observation of others’ threat reactions can recover associative memories of direct, firsthand aversive experiences.
Fossilized cell structures identify an ancient origin for the teleost whole-genome duplication
Authors: Davesne Donald , Friedman Matt , Schmitt Armin D. , Fernandez Vincent , Carnevale Giorgio , Ahlberg Per E. , Sanchez Sophie , Benson Roger B. J. 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceSome lineages of organisms have undergone major evolutionary radiations, while others have not. Establishing why is a central goal of evolutionary research. Whole-genome duplication (WGD) is often proposed as having caused the spectacular evolutionary radiation of teleost fishes. However, due to the absence of genetic data for fossil species, it has been impossible to pinpoint precisely when WGD occurred during teleost history. We use three-dimensional measurements of fossilized bone cell spaces to estimate genome sizes in extinct species, observing a near doubling of size during earliest teleost ancestry. This suggests that WGD occurred very early, substantially predating the dramatic radiation of teleosts. These findings suggest at most an indirect link between WGD and teleost diversification.
Historical language records reveal a surge of cognitive distortions in recent decades
Authors: Bollen Johan , ten Thij Marijn , Breithaupt Fritz , Barron Alexander T. J. , Rutter Lauren A. , Lorenzo-Luaces Lorenzo , Scheffer Marten 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Can entire societies become more or less depressed over time? Here, we look for the historical traces of cognitive distortions, thinking patterns that are strongly associated with internalizing disorders such as depression and anxiety, in millions of books published over the course of the last two centuries in English, Spanish, and German. We find a pronounced “hockey stick” pattern: Over the past two decades the textual analogs of cognitive distortions surged well above historical levels, including those of World War I and II, after declining or stabilizing for most of the 20th century. Our results point to the possibility that recent socioeconomic changes, new technology, and social media are associated with a surge of cognitive distortions.
EZH2 inhibits NK cell–mediated antitumor immunity by suppressing CXCL10 expression in an HDAC10-dependent manner
Authors: Bugide Suresh , Gupta Romi , Green Michael R. , Wajapeyee Narendra 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a type of liver cancer, has a poor 5-y survival rate and current therapies provide only marginal clinical benefits to most HCC patients. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are needed for HCC treatment. Natural killer (NK) cells are cells of the innate immune system that can inhibit tumor development and progression. We find that pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 results in NK cell–mediated hepatic tumor growth inhibition in mice, which occurs, in part, due to the increased expression of the chemokine CXCL10, leading to increased NK cell migration. These results have implications for EZH2-dependent tumors, in which NK cell–mediated tumor clearance can be induced using EZH2 inhibitors.
Probabilistic discrimination of relative stimulus features in mice
Authors: Lyamzin Dmitry R. , Aoki Ryo , Abdolrahmani Mohammad , Benucci Andrea 
Published: July 2021

Significance
In vision research, oriented gratings are classical stimuli that drive a large population of neurons in the primary visual cortex, but it is unclear whether mice—a recently popular model animal for visual decision-making—can be trained in a task based on the comparison between orientations. Furthermore, it is unclear which strategies they would use and how these strategies would be affected by engagement in the task. Here, we demonstrate that mice can perform a relative orientation discrimination task with high levels of acuity. Using a probabilistic model of choice, we explored the animals’ choice strategies, as well as history biases and their dependency on engagement.
Predicting in vivo escape dynamics of HIV-1 from a broadly neutralizing antibody
Authors: Meijers Matthijs , Vanshylla Kanika , Gruell Henning , Klein Florian , Lässig Michael 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) show promise for antibody-mediated prevention or treatment of HIV-1 infection. Recent clinical trials, however, indicate that the virus can evolve resistance mutations that escape neutralization by bnAbs. Here, we establish a fitness model for the escape dynamics of HIV in humans. We show that this model can be applied universally across different human hosts, providing a proof of principle that the in vivo response of HIV to bnAb therapies is predictable. Our analysis identifies a fitness trade-off in viral evolution that can inform antibody design and therapy protocols.
Two types of alignment change in nominalizations
Authors: Aldridge Edith , Yanagida Yuko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates two instances of alignment change, both of which resulted from reanalysis of a nominalized embedded clause type, in which the external argument was marked with genitive case and the internal argument was focused. We show that a subject marked with genitive case in the early development of Austronesian languages became ergative-marked when object relative clauses in cleft constructions were reanalyzed as transitive root clauses. In contrast to this, the genitive case in Old Japanese nominalized clauses, marking an external argument, was extended to mark all subjects. This occurred after adnominal clauses were reanalyzed as root clauses. Japanese underwent one more step in order for genitive to be reanalyzed as nominative: the reanalysis of impersonal psych transitive constructions as intransitives.With these two case studies of Austronesian and Japanese, we show that reanalysis of nominalization goes in either direction, ergative or accusative, depending on the syntactic conditions involved in the reanalysis.
Framing in interactive academic talk
Authors: Pan Yun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFraming involves how language users conceptualize what is happening in interaction for situated interpretation of roles, purposes, expectations, and sequences of action, thus show significant conceptual relevance to the analysis of routinized institutional communication. Having established a working definition offramingbased on an intensive review of previous research, this study investigates university students’ and tutors’ framing behaviors in interactive small group talk. Two types of framing-in-interaction, -alternate framingof a single situation andco-framingwithin/beyond speaker role boundary-, are identified, examined, and characterized from a conversation-analytic perspective. The findings suggest that alternate framings co-occur with traceable interactional devices for sequential organization when the single situation at talk takes on divergent meaning potentials to be accessed. Co-framings happen when at least one (group) of participants is highly goal-oriented, showing conditional relevance to the prior courses of action and more explicit negotiation of epistemic stances. Framing, therefore, can be arguably taken as a global organization resource to characterize contextualization in institutional communication.
Ralstonia solanacearum
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Discontinued. See individual maps of races 1, 2 and 3 (Map Nos 783, 784 and 785). Some old records of Pseudomonas solanacearum cannot be attributed to race and are set aside until such time as it is possible to attribute them.
Fatigue‐related reductions in movement smoothness during a lateral shuffle and side‐cutting movement
Authors: Mohr Maurice , Federolf Peter 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTAlthough movement smoothness is considered a hallmark of well‐coordinated motor tasks, it is unknown whether markers of movement smoothness can be used to assess the quality of neuromuscular control in athletes. As a first step into this direction, the purpose of this study was to test whether movement smoothness is reduced following a fatiguing lateral shuffle protocol due to fatigue‐related adaptations in neuromuscular control. Sixteen healthy adults (7 females) completed a submaximal 3‐minute lateral shuffle trial and a maximal fatiguing shuffle trial until task failure. The movement of the pelvis and feet was determined using 3D motion capture at 250 Hz. Movement smoothness was quantified using the log‐dimensionless jerk, which represents how often and abruptly the segment acceleration changes over time. Pelvis and foot movement smoothness along with spatiotemporal variables characterizing the shuffling pattern were compared between the beginning and end of the fatiguing shuffle trial using Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests (α = 0.05). Pelvis movement smoothness was significantly reduced in all movement directions (p ≤ 0.005, strong effects) while foot movement smoothness was predominantly reduced in the shuffle direction (p ≤ 0.018, moderate to strong effects). Reductions in movement smoothness coincided with a lower peak pelvis speed in shuffle direction (p = 0.007, strong effect) and shorter contact times when changing direction (p = 0.049, moderate effect). These reductions in movement smoothness may be explained by a change in the overall shuffle pattern characterized by “harder” side‐cuts as well as by a muscle fatigue‐related decline in the ability to precisely plan and execute foot trajectories.
Translation and cultural adaptation of the Persian version of Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living scale (VADL)
Authors: Hashemi Nasrin , Zarrinkoob Homa , Akbarzadeh Baghban Alireza , Fatemi Shiva , Najafi Sirvan 
Published: July 2021

Background
Vestibular disorders can lead to functional limitations and deficits in performing routine daily life tasks. The Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living scale (VADL) is a useful tool for impact assessment level of functional limitations in patients with vestibular disorders.

Objective
Translation, cultural adaptation and evaluation of the reliability and validity of VADL to Persian.

Methods
In this analytical–descriptive study, VADL was translated based on the native protocol of the International Quality of Life questionnaire and adapted to the conditions found in Iranian culture. Upon confirmation of face validity, this scale was performed on 90 Persian patients with vestibular disorders (aged between 25 and 85 years). After one week, 53 participants were asked to complete the questionnaire again. Finally, reliability was evaluated with both methods of internal consistency and test-retest reproducibility.

Results
Five items out of 28 were modified to adapt the scale to the culture of Iranians, and they were approved by the original designer of the questionnaire. Internal consistency was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.94, and repeatability was confirmed by the Interclass Correlation Coefficient of 0.97.

Conclusion
The Persian version of VADL was relatively equivalent to the original content and it was in compliance with the terms of Persian culture with high validity and reliability. Therefore, it may be a useful tool for the assessment of functional limitation in some patients with vestibular disorders.
A modified discrepancy principle to attain optimal convergence rates under unknown noise
Authors: Jahn Tim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We consider a linear ill-posed equation in the Hilbert space setting. Multiple independent unbiased measurements of the right-hand side are available. A natural approach is to take the average of the measurements as an approximation of the right-hand side and to estimate the data error as the inverse of the square root of the number of measurements. We calculate the optimal convergence rate (as the number of measurements tends to infinity) under classical source conditions and introduce a modified discrepancy principle, which asymptotically attains this rate.
Probing negative ions and electrons in the afterglow of a low-pressure oxygen radiofrequency plasma using laser-induced photodetachment
Authors: Hasani M , Marvi Z , Beckers J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper reports on the further development and improvement of time-resolved laser-induced photodetachment in concert with microwave cavity resonance spectroscopy. The method is applied to measure—with microsecond time resolution—the decaying density of negative oxygen ions (O−, O

2

−

, and O

3

−

) and that of free electrons in the afterglow of a pulsed capacitively coupled radiofrequency-driven oxygen plasma. The afterglow behavior of the electrons shows a significant dependence on the gas pressure between 3 Pa and 6 Pa. For a pressure of 3 Pa, at which the plasma is in the so-called γ-mode, the decay of the negative ion density is slower than that of the electron density, eventually leading to the occurrence of a negative-ion-positive-ion plasma. At a slightly elevated pressure of 6 Pa (and higher), the plasma transits into the so-called α-mode, in which a short period of increased electron density is detected just after switching off the plasma. In the α-mode, the negative ion and electron densities decay within similar timescales, leading to the trapping of negative ions. In this pressure range, the decay of the additional electron density released by the photodetachment of negative ions occurs according to two distinct timescales. However, for increasingly elevated pressures above 10 Pa, the photodetachment signal is characterized by decay with an undershoot, which may indicate a temporary local disturbance of the plasma’s quasi-neutrality in the volume irradiated by the laser beam.