bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Momentum deposition of supernovae with cosmic rays
Authors: Rodríguez Montero Francisco , Martin-Alvarez Sergio , Sijacki Debora , Slyz Adrianne , Devriendt Julien , Dubois Yohan 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The cataclysmic explosions of massive stars as supernovae are one of the key ingredients of galaxy formation. However, their evolution is not well understood in the presence of magnetic fields or cosmic rays (CRs). We study the expansion of individual supernova remnants (SNRs) using our suite of 3D hydrodynamical (HD), magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) and CRMHD simulations generated using ramses. We explore multiple ambient densities, magnetic fields, and fractions of supernova energy deposited as CRs (χCR), accounting for CR anisotropic diffusion and streaming. All our runs have comparable evolutions until the end of the Sedov-Taylor phase. However, our CRMHD simulations experience an additional CR pressure-driven snowplough phase once the CR energy dominates inside the SNR. We present a model for the final momentum deposited by supernovae that captures this new phase: $p_{\rm SNR} = 2.87\times 10^{5} (\chi _{\text{CR}} + 1)^{4.82}\left(\frac{n}{\text{cm}^{-3}}\right)^{-0.196} M_{\odot }$ km s−1. Assuming a 10 per cent fraction of SN energy in CRs leads to a 50 per cent boost of the final momentum, with our model predicting even higher impacts at lower ambient densities. The anisotropic diffusion of CRs assuming an initially uniform magnetic field leads to extended gas and CR outflows escaping from the supernova poles. We also study a tangled initial configuration of the magnetic field, resulting instead in a quasi-isotropic diffusion of CRs and earlier momentum deposition. Finally, synthetic synchrotron observations of our simulations using the polaris code show that the local magnetic field configuration in the interstellar medium modifies the overall radio emission morphology and polarization.
Anti-Ro/SS-A antibody is associated with worse pulmonary outcome and reduced overall survival in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Meridor Katya , Sagy Iftach , Molad Yair 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
We sought to determine the association of anti-Ro/SS-A antibody with organ involvement and disease outcome in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods
A retrospective, long-term study of a cohort of incident patients diagnosed with SSc and continuously followed at our rheumatology clinic during 1990–2018.

Results
Included were 105 patients with known anti-Ro/SS-A antibody status, 92.4% female, mean age at diagnosis 52.0 ± 15.6 years, and median follow-up of 10 years; 64% were diagnosed with limited cutaneous SSc, 18% with diffuse cutaneous SSc, and 18% had SSc siné scleroderma or undetermined disease type. Anti-Ro/SS-A antibody tested positive in 21% of patients. In univariate analysis, anti-Ro/SS-A antibody positivity was significantly associated with SSc overlap with Sjögren’s syndrome (p &lt; .001). Predicted forced vital capacity deterioration at last encounter was significantly associated with anti-Ro/SS-A antibody positivity. In multivariate regression for anti-Ro/SS-A antibody-positive SSc patients and disease outcome [adjusted for age &gt; 50 years, smoking, and baseline predicted forced vital capacity (pFVC) &lt; 80%], positive anti-Ro/SS-A antibody was significantly associated with a higher all-cause mortality rate (HR 5.17, CI 95%, 1.18–22.67, p = .029), and greater deterioration of pFVC defined as a decrement of last available pFVC compared to first available pFVC of ≥10% (HR 3.65, CI 95%, 1.07–12.38, p = .038).

Conclusions
Anti-Ro/SS-A antibody is an independent risk factor for worse pulmonary outcome and higher all-cause mortality in patients with SSc.
Expression of pluripotency-related genes in human glioblastoma
Authors: Rios Álvaro Fabrício Lopes , Tirapelli Daniela Pretti da Cunha , Cirino Mucio Luiz de Assis , Rodrigues Andressa Romualdo , Ramos Ester S , Carlotti Carlos Gilberto 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Cancer is a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by several disruptions of the genetic and epigenetic components of cell biology. Some types of cancer have been shown to be constituted by a mosaic of cells with variable differentiation states, with more aggressive tumors being more undifferentiated. In most cases, undifferentiated tumor cells express associated embryonic markers such as the OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, and CARM1 genes. The ectopic or reminiscent expression of some master regulator genes of pluripotency has been indicated as the cause of the poorly differentiated state of tumors, and based on the evidence of some reports, can be used as a possible therapeutic target. Considering this information, a more detailed investigation of the expression of pluripotency-associated genes is necessary to evaluate the roles of these genes in the etiology of some tumors and their use targets of therapy.

Methods
The expression of four pluripotency-related genes was investigated (OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, and CARM1) in the most malignant primary human brain tumor, glioblastoma (GBM).

Results and Conclusion
The results demonstrated a signature of OCT4/SOX2/CARM1 genes and a significant increase of CARM1 expression in GBM cases.
Currency Choice in Contracts
Authors: Drenik Andres , Kirpalani Rishabh , Perez Diego J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study the interaction between the currency choice of private domestic contracts and optimal monetary policy. The optimal currency choice depends on the price risk of each currency, as well as on the covariance of its price and the relative consumption needs of the agents signing the contract. When a larger share of contracts is denominated in local currency, the government can use inflation more effectively to either redistribute resources or reduce default costs, which makes local currency more attractive for private contracts. When governments lack commitment, competitive equilibria can be constrained inefficient, thus providing a reason to regulate the currency choice of private contracts. We show that both the equilibrium use of local currency and the implications for regulation depend on the level of domestic policy risk. Our model can explain the wide use of the US dollar in international trade contracts and the observed hysteresis in dollarization.
Perioperative Hidden Blood Loss in Lumbar Disk Herniation Patients With Percutaneous Endoscopic Transforaminal Discectomy and Influencing Factors
Authors: Hu Man , Zhang Yu , Zhao Wen Jie , Liu Xin , Shi Peng Zhi , Wang Jun Wu , Cai Tong Chuan , Zhang Liang 
Published: December 2021

Study Design:
This was a retrospective study.

Objectives:
This study aimed to evaluate hidden blood loss (HBL) and its influencing factors in lumbar disk herniation (LDH) patients treated with percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD).

Summary of Background Data:
PETD is a minimally invasive spine surgery and is widely used to treat LDH. It is generally believed that there is less bleeding during PETD. However, HBL during the perioperative period is always ignored.

Materials and Methods:
From January 2018 to March 2021, 74 LDH patients treated with PETD was selected. The patient’s sex, age, height, weight, previous medical history (hypertension and diabetes) and other basic information were recorded. The preoperative fibrinogen (FIB) level, activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were recoded. The hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet immediately after admission and the next day postoperative were recorded. The surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, intervertebral disk degeneration grade and soft tissue thickness of the PETD approach were recorded. The total blood loss was calculated according to the Gross formula, and then HBL was calculated based on total blood loss and visible blood loss (VBL). The influencing factors were analyzed by single factor correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis.

Results:
Among the 74 patients, there were 34 males (20–68 y old) and 40 females (26–75 y old). The mean amount of VBL was (85.04±26.53) mL and HBL was (341.04±191.15) mL. There were statistically significant differences between HBL and VBL (P=0.000). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that sex (P=0.000), disk degeneration grade (P=0.000), preoperative FIB level (P=0.022) and preoperative platelet (P=0.026) were independent risk factors that contributed to HBL, but age (P=0.870), BMI (P=0.480), hypertension (P=0.867), diabetes (P=0.284), soft tissue thickness (P=0.701), preoperative prothrombin time (P=0.248) and preoperative activated partial thromboplastin time (P=0.521) were not.

Conclusions:
There was a large amount of HBL during the perioperative period of PETD in patients with LDH. Sex, disk degeneration grade, preoperative FIB level and preoperative platelet are the independent risk factors of HBL in the perioperative period of PETD. More attention should be paid to the patients with risk factors to ensure perioperative safety.
Patients With Preoperative Cervical Deformity Experience Similar Clinical Outcomes to Those Without Deformity Following 1–3 Level Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion
Authors: Karamian Brian A. , Mao Jennifer Z. , Viola Anthony , Ju Derek G. , Canseco Jose A. , Toci Gregory R. , Bowles Daniel R. , Reiter David M. , Semenza Nicholas C. , Woods Barrett I. , Lee Joseph K. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Kaye I. David , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D. 
Published: December 2021

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
The aim was to compare the outcomes of patients with incompletely corrected cervical deformity against those without deformity following short-segment anterior cervical decompression and fusion for clinically significant radiculopathy or myelopathy.

Summary of Background Data:
Cervical deformity has increasingly been recognized as a driver of disability and has been linked to worse patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) after surgery.

Methods:
Patients 18 years or above who underwent 1–3 level anterior cervical decompression and fusion to address radiculopathy and/or myelopathy at a single institution between 2014 and 2018 with at least 1 year of PROMs were reviewed. Patients were categorized based on cervical deformity into 2 groups: sagittal vertebral axis (cSVA) ≥40 mm as the deformity group, and cSVA <40 mm as the nondeformity group. Patient demographics, surgical parameters, preoperative and postoperative radiographs, and minimum 1-year PROMs were compared.

Results:
Of the 230 patients, 191 (83%) were in the nondeformity group and 39 (17%) in the deformity group. Patients with deformity were more likely to be male (69.2% vs. 40.3%, P<0.001) and have a greater body mass index (32.8 vs. 29.7, P=0.028). The deformity group had significantly greater postoperative cSVA (44.2 vs. 25.1 mm, P<0.001) but also had significantly greater ∆cSVA (−4.87 vs. 0.25 mm, P=0.007) than the nondeformity group. Both groups had significant improvements in visual analog scale arm, visual analog scale neck, Short-Form 12 Physical Component Score, and neck disability index (NDI) (P<0.001). However, the deformity group experienced significantly greater ∆NDI and ∆mental component score (MCS)-12 scores (−19.45 vs. −11.11, P=0.027 and 7.68 vs. 1.32, P=0.009).

Conclusions:
Patients with preoperative cervical sagittal deformity experienced relatively greater improvements in NDI and MCS-12 scores than those without preoperative deformity. These results suggest that complete correction of sagittal alignment is not required for patients to achieve significant clinical improvement.

Level of Evidence:
III.
Predictive value of hypothermic machine perfusion parameters combined perfusate biomarkers in deceased donor kidney transplantation
Authors: Qiao Yuxi , Ding Chenguang , Li Yang , Tian Xiaohui , Tian Puxun , Ding Xiaoming , Xiang Heli , Zheng Jin , Xue Wujun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Delayed graft function (DGF) is the main cause of renal function failure after kidney transplantation. This study aims at investigating the value of hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) parameters combined with perfusate biomarkers on predicting DGF and the time of renal function recovery after deceased donor (DD) kidney transplantation.

Methods:
HMP parameters, perfusate biomarkers and baseline characteristics of 113 DD kidney transplantations from January 1, 2019 to August 31, 2019 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University were retrospectively analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results:
In this study, the DGF incidence was 17.7% (20/113); The multivariate logistic regression results showed that terminal resistance (OR: 1.879, 95% CI 1.145–3.56) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)(OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.23–2.46) were risk factors for DGF; The Cox model analysis indicated that terminal resistance was an independent hazard factor for renal function recovery time (HR = 0.823, 95% CI 0.735–0.981). The model combining terminal resistance and GST (AUC = 0.888, 95% CI: 0.842–0.933) significantly improved the DGF predictability compared with the use of terminal resistance (AUC = 0.756, 95% CI 0.693–0.818) or GST alone (AUC = 0.729, 95% CI 0.591–0.806).

Conclusion:
According to the factors analyzed in this study, the combination of HMP parameters and perfusate biomarkers displays a potent DGF predictive value.
A syngeneic inoculation mouse model of endometriosis that develops multiple comorbid visceral and cutaneous pain like behaviours
Authors: Maddern Jessica , Grundy Luke , Harrington Andrea , Schober Gudrun , Castro Joel , Brierley Stuart M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic and debilitating condition, commonly characterised by chronic pelvic pain (CPP) and infertility. Chronic pelvic pain can be experienced across multiple pelvic organs, with comorbidities commonly effecting the bowel, bladder, and vagina. Despite research efforts into endometriosis pathophysiology, little is known about how endometriosis induces CPP, and as such, therapeutic interventions are lacking. The aim of this study was to characterise a syngeneic mouse model of endometriosis that mimics naturally occurring retrograde menstruation, thought to precede endometriosis development in patients, and determine whether these mice exhibit signs of CPP and altered behaviour. We characterised the development of endometriosis over 10 weeks following uterine tissue inoculation, measured in vivo and ex vivo hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli across multiple visceral organs, and assessed alterations in animal spontaneous behaviour. We confirmed that inoculated uterine horn tissue formed into endometriosis lesions throughout the peritoneal cavity, with significant growth by 8 to 10 weeks post inoculation. Additionally, we found that mice with fully developed endometriosis displayed hypersensitivity evoked by (1) vaginal distension, (2) colorectal distension, (3) bladder distension, and (4) cutaneous thermal stimulation, compared to their sham counterparts. Moreover, endometriosis mice displayed alterations in spontaneous behaviour indicative of (5) altered bladder function and (6) anxiety. This model creates a foundation for mechanistical studies into the diffuse CPP associated with endometriosis and the development of targeted therapeutic interventions to improve the quality of life of women with endometriosis.
Purinergic signaling between neurons and satellite glial cells of mouse dorsal root ganglia modulates neuronal excitability in vivo
Authors: Chen Zhiyong , Huang Qian , Song Xiaodan , Ford Neil C. , Zhang Chi , Xu Qian , Lay Mark , He Shao-Qiu , Dong Xinzhong , Hanani Menachem , Guan Yun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Primary sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are wrapped by satellite glial cells (SGCs), and neuron-SGC interaction may affect somatosensation, especially nociceptive transmission. P2-purinergic receptors (P2Rs) are key elements in the two-way interactions between DRG neurons and SGCs. However, because the cell types are in such close proximity, conventional approaches such as in vitro culture and electrophysiologic recordings are not adequate to investigate the physiologically relevant responses of these cells at a population level. Here, we performed in vivo calcium imaging to survey the activation of hundreds of DRG neurons in Pirt-GCaMP6s mice and to assess SGC activation in GFAP-GCaMP6s mice in situ. By combining pharmacologic and electrophysiologic techniques, we investigated how ganglionic purinergic signaling initiated by α,β-methyleneadenosine 5′-triphosphate (α,β-MeATP) modulates neuronal activity and excitability at a population level. We found that α,β-MeATP induced robust activation of small neurons—likely nociceptors—through activation of P2X3R. Large neurons, which are likely non-nociceptive, were also activated by α,β-MeATP, but with a delay. Blocking pannexin 1 channels attenuated the late phase response of DRG neurons, indicating that P2R stimulation may subsequently induce paracrine ATP release, which could further activate cells in the ganglion. Moreover, ganglionic α,β-MeATP treatment in vivo sensitized small neurons and enhanced responses of spinal wide-dynamic-range neurons to subsequent C-fiber inputs, suggesting that modulation via ganglionic P2R signaling could significantly affect nociceptive neuron excitability and pain transmission. Therefore, targeting functional P2Rs within ganglia may represent an important new strategy for pain modulation.
The Principles and Practice of Primary Endonasal Rhinoplasty
Authors: Albert Mark G. , Constantian Mark B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide a guide for plastic surgeons, regardless of experience level, seeking to improve his/her endonasal rhinoplasty skills and comfort level. We have presented the advantages of our technique and its unifying principles and demonstrated how endonasal rhinoplasty can be used to achieve safe, anatomical, and predictable outcomes. Endonasal rhinoplasty is a separate thought process from open rhinoplasty and should not be viewed as a competing but rather parallel technique that is broadly applicable to many nasal deformities.
We have described the basic goals of all rhinoplasties and highlighted 2 false assumptions that are responsible for most adverse rhinoplasty outcomes and 4 anatomical deficits that surgeons must recognize preoperatively to maximize function, proportion, and contour. Finally, the majority of primary rhinoplasties can be performed with 1 of 2 operative strategies that depend on the relationship of the dorsum to the lower nose. Because surgeons often presume that they will not be able to “see well enough” in endonasal rhinoplasty or worry they have not been adequately trained in the technique, we have provided a step-by-step guide to help overcome such fears and help these surgeons to achieve results that will exceed their patients' goals.
The Effect of Udenafil on Stasis Zone in an Experimental Burn Model
Authors: Ural Alper , Bilgen Fatma , Altıntaş Aykan Duygun , Koçarslan Sezen , Altıntaş Ural Dilan , Seyithanoğlu Muhammet , Bekerecioğlu Mehmet 
Published: December 2021

Background
Management of the burn injuries is still a problematic issue because the stasis zone may become necrotic. We hypothesized that udenafil, a potent phospodiesterase inhibitor, can be beneficial in burn treatment by enhancing the viability of the stasis zone.

Methods
Fifteen Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Comb burn injury model was conducted bilaterally on the back of rats in each subject. Group 1 received 1 mL/d of saline orally for 7 days. Group 2 received 10 mg/kg per day of udenafil for 7 days. Group 3 received 20 mg/kg per day of udenafil for 7 days. At the end of seventh day, gross morphological and histopathological samples of stasis zone survival were evaluated.

Results
Histopathological examination of groups 2 and 3 revealed that the stasis zone was mostly viable. The mean necrotic area and severity of inflammation was significantly higher in the control group compared with the treatment groups. Significant differences were determined in treatment groups compared with control group in terms of vital stasis zone area and histopathological parameters.

Conclusions
Udenafil treatment improved tissue survival on zone of stasis in. Future experimental studies should be conducted to develop zone of stasis treatment protocols combining udenafil with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drugs.
Bounds on quantum information storage and retrieval
Authors: Dvali Gia 
Published: December 2021

We present certain universal bounds on the capacity of quantum information storage and on the time scale of its retrieval for a generic quantum field theoretic system. The capacity, quantified by the microstate entropy, is bounded from above by the surface area of the object measured in units of a Goldstone decay constant. The Goldstone bosons are universally present due to the spontaneous breaking of Poincare and internal symmetries by the information-storing object. Applied to a black hole, the bound reproduces the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy. However, the relation goes beyond gravity. The minimal time-scale required for retrieving the quantum information from a system is equal to its volume measured in units of the same Goldstone scale. For a black hole, this reproduces the Page time as well as the quantum break-time. Again, the expression for the information retrieval time is very general and is shared by non-gravitational saturated states in gauge theories including QCD. All such objects exhibit universal signatures such as the emission of ultra-soft radiation. Similar bounds apply to non-relativistic many-body systems.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Quantum technologies in particle physics’.
Single Amino Acid Change Mutation in the Hydrophobic Core of the N-terminal Domain of P22 TSP affects the Proteins Stability
Authors: Ayariga Joseph A. , Villafane Robert 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has significantly shifted the attention of researchers to critically investigate most viruses to understand specific characteristics that impart their virulence. For instance, the SARS-CoV-2 has undergone several mutations, with some variants classified as “variants of concern”, e.g., the Omicron and Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 are known for their rapid transmission and antigenicity due to mutation in the Spike protein. P22 bacteriophage is a bacterial virus that has a tailspike protein (TSP) that performs similar functions as the Spike protein of SARS-COV-2. We previously carried out a site-directed mutagenesis of the P22 TSP to bear disruptive mutations in the hydrophobic core of the N-terminal Domain (NTD), then partially characterized the properties of the mutant TSPs. In this process, the valine patch (triple valine residues that formed a hydrophobic core) was replaced with charged amino acids (Asp or lysine) or hydrophobic amino acids (Leucine or isoleucine). Some of the mutant TSPs characterized showed significant differences in migration in both native and SDS-PAGE. Mutants with such disruptive mutation are known to show non-native properties, and as expected, most of these mutants obtained showed significantly different properties from the WT P22 TSP. In this work, we further characterized these mutant species by computational and in vitro assays to demonstrate the validity of our previous inference that the valine patch is a critical player in the stability of the N-terminal domain of the P22 TSP.