bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closing productivity gaps among Dutch dairy farms can boost profit and reduce nitrogen pollution
Authors: Lamkowsky Melina , Oenema Oene , Meuwissen Miranda P M , Ang Frederic 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Agricultural productivity growth can simultaneously increase profit and reduce pollution. Yet, the impact of productivity growth on both has not been quantified. The objective of our study was to develop an approach to quantify the extent to which agricultural productivity growth can increase profit and reduce pollution. Focusing on nitrogen pollution, we applied the approach to a sample of 341 intensive Dutch dairy farms for the years 2006–2017. Using a Bennet–Lowe formulation, we measured economic and nitrogen productivities over time and across farms. We applied Data Envelopment Analysis to determine the potential for productivity growth from reducing economic and nitrogen inefficiencies and assessed the impact on profit and nitrogen pollution levels. Using a two-stage by-production model, we set profit maximisation as the overarching objective to account for the economic production behaviour of farmers. We found that if laggard farmers adopted the best practices of their best peers, they could on average increase annual gross profit by 34% and simultaneously reduce the N surplus by 50% during the time period, which is a win–win situation for farmers and the environment. The magnitude of these gains corroborates the suggestion that productivity growth could be a game-changer for agricultural sustainability.
Rehabilitation and In-Hospital Mortality in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Ambrose Anne Felicia , Kurra Anupama , Tsirakidis Lana , Hunt Kate Collins , Ayers Emmeline , Gitkind Andrew , Yerra Sandeep , Lo Yungtai , Ortiz Nicole , Jamal Faraz , Madan Vikram , Bartels Matthew N , Verghese Joe 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) guidelines endorse early rehabilitation to improve outcomes in hospitalized patients, but the evidence base to support this recommendation is lacking. We examined the association between early rehabilitation and in-hospital deaths in COVID-19 patients.

Method
A single-center retrospective study, involving 990 COVID-19 patients (42.4% women, mean age 67.8 years) admitted between March 1, 2020 and May 31, 2020 to a community hospital, was conducted. Association of rehabilitation during hospitalization with in-hospital mortality was examined using logistic regression analysis adjusted for demographics, length of stay, body mass index, comorbid illnesses, functional status as well as for COVID-19 presentations, treatments, and complications.

Results
Over the 3-month study period, 475 (48.0%) inpatients were referred for rehabilitation. Patients who received rehabilitation were older (73.7 ± 14.0 vs 62.3 ± 17.2). There were 61 hospital deaths (12.8%) in the rehabilitation group and 165 (32.0%) in the nonrehabilitation group. Receiving rehabilitation was associated with an 89% lower in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06–0.19) after adjusting for multiple confounders and COVID-19 disease markers. In sensitivity analyses, the results were significant in subpopulations defined by age group, sex, race, length of hospitalization, or pulmonary presentations. Each additional rehabilitation session was associated with a 29% lower risk of in-hospital mortality (OR per session: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.64–0.79) in the fully adjusted model.

Conclusion
Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, receiving early rehabilitation was associated with lower in-hospital mortality. Our findings support implementation of rehabilitation services for COVID-19 patients in acute care settings, but further research from randomized clinical trials is needed.
On disruption and leximetrics: A reply to Niels Petersen and Konstantin Chatziathanasiou
Authors: Elkins Zachary , Ginsburg Tom 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We explore the apparent disruption of legal scholarship wrought by leximetrics—variable-oriented, predictive methods. We view the skepticism surrounding leximetrics as healthy, in that it focuses attention on some central inferential challenges relevant to most empirical methods. Scholarly anxiety may be a natural by-product of this disruption, as scholars navigate the rise and fall in popularity of various ideas and approaches. Some of this anxiety is related to a perceived hierarchy of methodological approaches in social science. Nonetheless, we are hopeful that broadminded, ecumenical tastes will prevail. One likely future for legal scholars is similar to that of political science, whose practitioners have largely embraced methodological pluralism, and maintained the value of case-oriented research.
Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of large solitary pulmonary cysts
Authors: Frick Anna Elisabeth , Ankersmit Hendrik Jan , Simonitsch-Klupp Ingrid , Hoetzenecker Konrad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Large solitary cystic lesions are a rare finding, and their differential diagnosis includes cystic airspaces associated with lung cancer, congenital pulmonary airway malformations and pneumatoceles. Here, we report 3 consecutive patients who presented with a large solitary pulmonary cyst on chest computed tomography. All underwent surgical resection, and the histopathological findings were different in all 3 cases. In one patient, a very rare finding of squamous cell carcinoma arising from the cystic lesion in the left lower lobe was confirmed. Therefore, in carefully selected cases, pulmonary cysts should be resected based on the potential risk for recurrent infection and the development of malignancy.
Pulmonary artery diameter: means and normal limits—assessment by computed tomography angiography
Authors: Berger Tim , Siepe Matthias , Simon Björn , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Chen Zehang , Kondov Stoyan , Schlett Christopher L , Bamberg Fabian , Tarkhnishvili Aleksandre , Chikvatia Salome , Czerny Martin , Rylski Bartosz , Kreibich Maximilian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Normal pulmonary artery (PA) diameter remains blurred and the definitions of PA aneurysm are heterogenous. We aimed to assess PA diameters, identify a threshold for normal diameters, define PA aneurysms, possible predictors of PA size and evaluate the correlation with mid-ascending aortic diameters.

METHODS
Between April 2018 and August 2019, 497 consecutive patients who underwent whole-body computed tomographic angiography were reviewed. Clinical and imaging data were collected from our institutional database. Precise three-dimensional centreline measurements were taken. Linear regression analysis was performed to detect parameters associated with PA diameter. A two-stage model was created to identify potential predictors and the resulting statistically significant interactions were tested. Data were grouped and PA, standard deviation, and upper normal limits were calculated.

RESULTS
Among 497 patients with an average age of 51.4 (20.2) (74.6% males), the mean PA diameter measured 32.0 (4.6) mm [female: 31.2 (4.7) mm vs male: 32.2 (4.5) mm; P = 0.032]. The mean PA length, left PA and right PA diameters were similar between male and female patients. We found a significant correlation (r = 0.352; P &lt; 0.001) between the PAs and mid-ascending aortic diameters. Body surface area (P = 0.032, β =  4.52 [0.40; 8.64] 95% CI) was the only significant influencing variable for PA diameter.

CONCLUSIONS
The normal mean PA diameter in a reference cohort is 32.0 (4.6) mm. Body surface area is the only influencing variable of PA diameter. The normal diameters measured and corresponding upper limits of normal revealed that a PA aneurysm should not be considered below a threshold of 45 mm.
ℒ-Invariants, p-Adic Heights, and Factorization of p-Adic L-Functions
Authors: Büyükboduk Kâzım , Sakamoto Ryotaro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We continue with our study of the noncritical exceptional zeros of Katz’ $p$-adic $L$-functions attached to a CM field $K$, following two threads. In the 1st thread, we redefine our (group-ring-valued) ${\mathcal {L}}$-invariant associated with each ${\mathbb {Z}}_p$-extension $K_\Gamma $ of $K$ in terms of $p$-adic height pairings and interpolate them as $K_\Gamma $ varies to a universal (multivariate) group-ring-valued ${\mathcal {L}}$-invariant. In the 2nd thread, we use our results to study the exceptional zeros of the Rankin–Selberg $p$-adic $L$-functions at noncritical specializations of the self-products of nearly ordinary CM families, via the factorization statements we establish. The factorization theorems are extensions of the results due to Greenberg and Palvannan.
BSAC Vanguard Series: Clean water—the world’s best medicine for disease and drug-resistant infection
Authors: Denny Lindsay 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As stated by the WHO, without urgent action we are heading for a ‘post-antibiotic era’, in which common infections and minor injuries will again prove fatal, as they did in the past. How do we get millions of people to change their use of antimicrobials to avoid this terrifying outcome? There is one very effective measure that we can take: making access to clean water and sanitation universal. Billions of the world’s population still lack access to clean drinking water and adequate sanitation. Some of the statistics regarding this lack of access are truly shocking. Global health organizations and policymakers must move from prioritizing treating disease to preventing it. This takes capital investment but will pay dividends in reductions in infections and antimicrobial resistance.
Experiences of Pain and Quality of Life in Pediatric Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Wesley Katherine L , Hoehn Jessica , Butz Catherine , Aylward Shawn C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
To examine psychosocial correlates, specifically pain intensity, pain interference, and quality of life (QOL), in patients with pediatric intracranial hypertension. We hypothesized that parents and children who report higher levels of pain intensity and interference would be associated with lower QOL.

Methods
Eighty-three patients and their families seen in the pediatric intracranial hypertension clinic of a large pediatric hospital completed self-report and parent proxy measures on QOL, mood, and other psychosocial correlates. Bivariate correlations were conducted between parent proxy and self-reports and regression analyses between pain and psychosocial correlate variables were examined.

Results
Parent proxy and child reports were highly correlated. Body mass index (BMI) was a significant predictor of parent proxy report of pain intensity with higher BMI associated with higher parent proxy ratings of pain intensity. Parents reported significantly higher levels of pain interference for their children compared to child report. Parent ratings of child depression symptoms, BMI, and age were significant predictors of pain interference. Higher BMI and depression symptoms and younger age were associated with more pain interference. Overall QOL was similar to other headache populations but lower than other chronic illness and healthy populations.

Conclusions
Pediatric intracranial hypertension is associated with decreased QOL. Body mass index was a significant predictor of pain intensity and interference and should be monitored closely in clinic. Clinical care should include psychosocial screening to identify patients who would benefit from interventions to reduce the impact of this condition.
Cotton phloem loads from the apoplast using a single member of its nine-member sucrose transporter gene family
Authors: Yadav Umesh P , Evers John F , Shaikh Mearaj A , Ayre Brian G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Phloem loading and transport are fundamental processes for allocating carbon from source organs to sink tissues. Cotton (Gossypium spp.) has a high sink demand for the cellulosic fibers that grow on the seed coat and for the storage reserves in the developing embryo, along with the demands of new growth in the shoots and roots. Addressing how cotton mobilizes resources from source leaves to sink organs provides insight into processes contributing to fiber and seed yield. Plasmodesmata frequencies between companion cells and flanking parenchyma in minor veins are higher than expected for an apoplastic loader, and cotton’s close relatedness to Tilia spp. hints at passive loading. Suc was the only canonical transport sugar in leaves and constituted 87% of 14C-labeled photoassimilate being actively transported. [14C]Suc uptake coupled with autoradiography indicated active [14C]Suc accumulation in minor veins, suggesting Suc loading from the apoplast; esculin, a fluorescent Suc analog, did not accumulate in minor veins. Of the nine sucrose transporter (SUT) genes identified per diploid genome, only GhSUT1-L2 showed appreciable expression in mature leaves, and silencing GhSUT1-L2 yielded phenotypes characteristic of blocked phloem transport. Furthermore, only GhSUT1-L2 cDNA stimulated esculin and [14C]Suc uptake into yeast, and only the GhSUT1-L2 promoter caused uidA (β-glucuronidase) reporter gene expression in minor vein phloem of Arabidopsis thaliana. Collectively, these results argue that apoplastic phloem loading mediated by GhSUT1-L2 is the dominant mode of phloem loading in cotton.
Oil plant genomes: current state of the science
Authors: Song Jia-Ming , Zhang Yuting , Zhou Zhi-Wei , Lu Shaoping , Ma Wei , Lu Chaofu , Chen Ling-Ling , Guo Liang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Vegetable oils are an indispensable nutritional component of the human diet as well as important raw materials for a variety of industrial applications such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, oleochemicals, and biofuels. Oil plant genomes are highly diverse, and their genetic variation leads to a diversity in oil biosynthesis and accumulation along with agronomic traits. This review discusses plant oil biosynthetic pathways, current state of genome assembly, polyploidy and asymmetric evolution of genomes of oil plants and their wild relatives, and research progress of pan-genomics in oil plants. The availability of complete high-resolution genomes and pan-genomes has enabled the identification of structural variations in the genomes that are associated with the diversity of agronomic and environment fitness traits. These and future genomes also provide powerful tools to understand crop evolution and to harvest the rich natural variations to improve oil crops for enhanced productivity, oil quality, and adaptability to changing environments.
Internal kinematics of GAIA eDR3 wide binaries
Authors: Hernandez X , Cookson S , Cortés R A M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Using the recent GAIA eDR3 catalogue we construct a sample of solar neighbourhood isolated wide binaries satisfying a series of strict signal-to-noise data cuts, exclusion of random association criteria and detailed colour-magnitude diagram selections, to minimize the presence of any kinematic contaminating effects having been discussed in the literature to date. Our final high-purity sample consists of 423 binary pairs within 130 pc of the sun and in all cases high-quality GAIA single-stellar fits for both components of each binary (final average RUWE values of 0.99), both also restricted to the cleanest region of the main sequence. We find kinematics fully consistent with Newtonian expectations for separations, s, below 0.009 pc, with relative velocities scaling with ΔV∝s−1/2 and a total binary mass, Mb, velocity scaling consistent with $\Delta V \propto M_{b}^{1/2}$. For the separation region of s &gt; 0.009 pc we obtain significantly different results, with a separation independent ΔV ≈ 0.5 km/s and a $\Delta V \propto M_{b}^{0.24 \pm 0.21}$. This situation is reminiscent of the low acceleration galactic baryonic Tully-Fisher phenomenology, and indeed, the change from the two regimes we find closely corresponds to the a ≲ a0 transition. These results are at odds not only with Newtonian expectations, but also with MOND predictions, where the presence of an external field effect implies only small deviations from Newtonian dynamics are expected for Solar Neighbourhood wide binaries.
12p gain is predominantly observed in non-germinomatous germ cell tumors and identifies an unfavorable subgroup of central nervous system germ cell tumors
Authors: Satomi Kaishi , Takami Hirokazu , Fukushima Shintaro , Yamashita Satoshi , Matsushita Yuko , Nakazato Yoichi , Suzuki Tomonari , Tanaka Shota , Mukasa Akitake , Saito Nobuhito , Kanamori Masayuki , Kumabe Toshihiro , Tominaga Teiji , Kobayashi Keiichi , Nagane Motoo , Iuchi Toshihiko , Yoshimoto Koji , Tamura Kaoru , Maehara Taketoshi , Sakai Keiichi , Sugiyama Kazuhiko , Yokogami Kiyotaka , Takeshima Hideo , Nonaka Masahiro , Asai Akio , Ushijima Toshikazu , Matsutani Masao , Nishikawa Ryo , Ichimura Koichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCentral nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumors (GCTs) are neoplasms predominantly arising in pediatric and young adult populations. While germinomas generally respond to chemotherapy and radiation, non-germinomatous GCTs (NGGCTs) require more intensive treatment. This study aimed to determine whether 12p gain could predict the prognosis of CNS GCTs.MethodsEighty-two CNS GCTs were included in this study. The 12p gain was defined by an additional 12p in the background of potential polyploidy or polysomy. Cases were analyzed using an Illumina methylation 450K array for copy number investigations and validated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).ResultsA 12p gain was found in 25-out-of-82 cases (30%) and was more frequent in NGGCTs (12% of germinoma cases and 50% of NGGCT cases), particularly in cases with malignant components, such as immature teratoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, and embryonal carcinoma. 12p gain and KIT mutation were mutually exclusive events. The presence of 12p gain correlated with shorter progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (10-year OS: 59% vs. 94%, with and without 12p gain, respectively, P = 0.0002), even with histology and tumor markers incorporated in the multivariate analysis. Among NGGCTs, 12p gain still had prognostic significance for PFS and OS (10-year OS: 47% vs. 90%, respectively, P = 0.02). The 12p copy number status was shared among histological components in mixed GCTs.Conclusions12p gain may predict the presence of malignant components of NGGCTs, and poor prognosis of the patients. It may be associated with early tumorigenesis of CNS GCT.
WRKY transcription factors and ethylene signaling modify root growth during the shade-avoidance response
Authors: Rosado Daniele , Ackermann Amanda , Spassibojko Olya , Rossi Magdalena , Pedmale Ullas V 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Shade-intolerant plants rapidly elongate their stems, branches, and leaf stalks to compete with neighboring vegetation, maximizing sunlight capture for photosynthesis. This rapid growth adaptation, known as the shade-avoidance response (SAR), comes at a cost: reduced biomass, crop yield, and root growth. Significant progress has been made on the mechanistic understanding of hypocotyl elongation during SAR; however, the molecular interpretation of root growth repression is not well understood. Here, we explore the mechanisms by which SAR induced by low red:far-red light restricts primary and lateral root (LR) growth. By analyzing the whole-genome transcriptome, we identified a core set of shade-induced genes in roots of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings grown in the shade. Abiotic and biotic stressors also induce many of these shade-induced genes and are predominantly regulated by WRKY transcription factors. Correspondingly, a majority of WRKY genes were among the shade-induced genes. Functional analysis using transgenics of these shade-induced WRKYs revealed that their role is essentially to restrict primary root and LR growth in the shade; captivatingly, they did not affect hypocotyl elongation. Similarly, we also found that ethylene hormone signaling is necessary for limiting root growth in the shade. We propose that during SAR, shade-induced WRKY26, 45, and 75, and ethylene reprogram gene expression in the root to restrict its growth and development.
Neurodegenerative disease in association with sexual transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2 subtype b in Argentina
Authors: Blanco Sebastián , Barile María Eugenia , Frutos María Celia , Vicente Ana Carolina Paulo , Gallego Sandra Verónica 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study is to show that human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) infection produces symptoms resembling those described for HTLV-1-associated myeloneuropathy and to highlight the role of sexual transmission in the silent dissemination of HTLV-2.

Methods
Patient samples were tested by particle agglutination and indirect immunofluorescence assay. The HTLV type was defined by molecular techniques. Nucleotide sequence analysis of HTLV-2 long terminal repeat region, T cell CD3/CD4 and T cell CD3/CD8 counts and typing of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles A, B, C and DRB1 were also performed.

Results
HTLV-2 subtype b infection was confirmed in two blood donors and their sexual partners. Two patients exhibited distinctive signs and symptoms of progressive neurological disease. Three infected patients carried HLA-C*04. Both patients with neurological disease also carried HLA-A*31 and HLA-DRB1*07 alleles.

Conclusions
Herein we describe for the first time sexual transmission of HTLV-2 in a non-endemic region of Argentina, highlighting the relevance of this transmission route in HTLV-2 silent dissemination out of the clusters of endemicity. We also provide evidence that HTLV-2 infection causes symptoms resembling those described for HTLV-1-associated myeloneuropathy. The evidence presented herein points to the critical need for public health strategies to reduce the spread of this neglected infection.
Novel algorithms deriving clinical performance measures from smartphone sensor data collected under a walking test
Authors: Little Max A. , Volotinen Sami , Sanderson Brad , Huopaniemi Ulla , Mowlem Florence , Olt Jennifer , Byrom Bill 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe modern ubiquity of smartphones which incorporate sensors such as inertial measurement units (IMU) and global positioning system (GPS) receivers, raises the possibility that they might be used as inexpensive devices for clinical performance testing. Here, we report on the development and testing of an app and associated statistical signal processing algorithms, to measure the basic gait properties of step rate, walking speed and distance under an outside short walk test experimental protocol, from digital accelerometry and GPS. We provide extensive details on the assumptions underlying the development of the algorithms. A small set of experiments across a range of conditions and individuals, demonstrate the reliability of the combined app, protocol and algorithms. With reasonable adherence to the test protocol, these experiments show 2% error across all metrics. The emphasis in this paper is on illustrating the design principles which all such systems, aiming to re-purpose consumer smartphones as clinical gait measurement devices, must address.