bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing cytogenetic testing in the era of next generation sequencing: Are we choosing wisely?
Authors: Kawata Eri , Hedley Benjamin D. , Chin‐Yee Benjamin , Xenocostas Anargyros , Lazo‐Langner Alejandro , Hsia Cyrus C. , Howson‐Jan Kang , Yang Ping , Levy Michael A. , Santos Stephanie , Bhai Pratibha , Howlett Christopher , Lin Hanxin , Kadour Mike , Sadikovic Bekim , Chin‐Yee Ian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn most laboratories, next generation sequencing (NGS) has been added without consideration for redundancy compared to conventional cytogenetics (CG). We tested a streamlined approach to genomic testing in patients with suspected myeloid and plasma cell neoplasms using next generation sequencing (“NGS first”) as the primary testing modality and limiting cytogenetics (CG) to samples with morphologic abnormalities in the marrow aspirate.MethodsBased on morphologic interpretation of bone marrow aspirate and flow cytometry, samples were triaged into four groups: (a) Samples with dysplasia or excess blasts had both NGS and karyotyping; (b) Samples without excess blasts or dysplasia had NGS only; (c) Repeat samples with previous NGS and/or CG studies were not retested; (d) Samples for suspected myeloma with less than 5% plasma cell had CG testing cancelled.ResultsSeven hundred eleven adult bone marrow (BM) samples met the study criteria. The NGS first algorithm eliminated CG testing in 229/303 (75.6%) of patients, primarily by reducing repeat testing. Potential cost avoided was approximately $124 000 per annum. Hematologists overruled the triage comment in only 11/303 (3.6%) cases requesting CG testing for a specific indication.ConclusionsUtilizing NGS as the primary genomic testing modality NGS was feasible and well accepted, reducing over three quarters of all CG requests and improving the financial case for adoption of NGS. Key factors for the success of this study were collaboration of clinical and genomic diagnostic teams in developing the algorithm, rapid turnaround time for BM interpretation for triage, and communication between laboratories.
George Yancy’s Across Black Spaces Before and During the Corona Disaster
Authors: Zack Naomi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGeorge Yancy’s existential analyses of Black life in anti‐Black and anti‐intellectual US society have been evocative and magisterial. The different parts of his Across Black Spaces both reprise his earlier work and take it further with new notes of concern. I suggest that COVID‐19 is metaphysical, that Yancy’s work is uniquely important for studies of race in the United States and as an intervention in our collective intellectuality. However, I suggest that we might move discussions of race ahead by considering the intransigent nature of White racial status. (I begin and end this symposial review with discussion of my own existential situation.)
Diet and feeding behaviour of albacore Thunnus alalunga in the western Mediterranean Sea during the spawning period
Authors: Valls Maria , Saber Sámar , Gómez María José , Reglero Patricia , Mele Salvatore 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMature albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) are expected to have high energy requirements at the time of breeding. However, there are no descriptions of the diet of albacore in the Mediterranean Sea that can help us to understand if such requirements can be obtained from feeding during reproduction. In this study, we analysed the stomach contents of reproductively active albacore captured from 2010 to 2015 in the oligotrophic waters of the western Mediterranean Sea, one of their main spawning grounds. Estimates of stomach fullness revealed intense feeding activity, and prey composition indicated important consumption of mesopelagic fish, including barracudinas, myctophids and small pelagic crustaceans. Plastic debris occurred in 25%–53% of the stomachs sampled across all years. Prey composition was not different between males and females. However, females fed at higher rates and had higher hepatosomatic index values than males, suggesting that increased feeding could contribute to meet their higher energy demand associated with offspring production. We observed a diet shift from small crustaceans to fish prey along fish size. During the spawning period, albacore showed a specialist feeding behaviour by preying on aggregations of vertically migrating myctophids and small crustaceans, probably when they were near the surface. This study provides information and biological data to support ecosystem modelling and to increase the understanding of albacore ecology.
Capitalist trajectories in agrarian mountain societies of east and south‐east Arunachal, India
Authors: Harriss‐White Barbara , Mishra Deepak K. , Upadhyay Vandana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile the mountainous frontier regions of Arunachal have generated a literature celebrating their exceptional social diversity, less is known about Arunachal's rural political economy. Following village fieldwork in 2007 in northern districts, research in 2015 in East and South‐east Arunachal enables two aspects of agrarian transformation to be explored. First a comparison of the institutional transformation of land‐based resources between regions and over time. Second the identification of co‐existing accumulation trajectories: the forms taken by rural accumulation when the engines of capital accumulation are non‐agrarian transfers of state capital into the state and commercial capital originating outside the state, which exports profits. Since non‐Arunachali people are not allowed to own property in Arunachal, local accumulation is dominated by a socially‐segmented, multi‐tribal, rentier class, interlaced with Indian and global capital through extractions from state resources and extractive commodity exchange. The state's three roles: security, developmental and welfare, support these ethnicised accumulation trajectories.
Cashing in or driving development? Cross‐border traders and maize contract farming in northeast Laos
Authors: Cole Robert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractContract farming is receiving renewed attention in research and policy in the Mekong region of Southeast Asia, as countries continue to undergo varied agrarian transitions and agri‐food production has become increasingly regionalized. In northeast Laos, previously isolated upland communities have experienced rapid transformations resulting from contract production of hybrid maize, mainly for industrial feed processing and livestock in Vietnam. Based on extensive qualitative fieldwork in the Lao‐Vietnamese borderlands, this article explores the quasi‐“developmental” functions assumed by cross‐border traders, in the context of unfulfilled rural policy objectives, in which these “micro‐investors” provide informal extension and infrastructure to enable agricultural commercialization. The article examines the extent to which this dynamic is adequately captured by notions of patronage, or whether subtle mutual dependencies are at work, as livelihoods are rebalanced between subsistence and commodity crops in remote border landscapes.
Impact of introducing a lactation consultant into a neonatal unit
Authors: Broom Margaret , Youseman Mary‐Ellen , Kent Alison L 
Published: October 2021

AimBenefits of mothers' own milk (MOM) for premature and sick neonates are well documented. To increase access, many neonatal units have a lactation consultant (LC) on staff. This study aimed to assess the impact of a permanent LC on (i) maternal access to LC support; (ii) staff confidence in providing Breast Feeding (BF) education and (iii) provision of MOM.MethodsStudy included a staff survey and chart audit. Questions provided feedback on access to lactation support and meeting maternal needs. Audit data included: gestational age, birthweight, intention to breastfeed, documentation of LC appointment, provision of MOM at 12 hours, days 3, 7, 28 and discharge. Student's t‐tests were used for numerical data and chi‐squared tests for categorical variables.ResultsNinety‐one staff surveys were returned, (pre 35/75 (47%), post 56/85 (66%) with staff reporting organising an LC appointment was significantly easier (P < 0.0001). Staff perceived maternal lactation needs and confidence to breastfeed post‐discharge had significantly improved post‐LC. The chart audit showed a significant increase in maternal access to LC appointments (15% vs. 80%; P < 0.01), breast pump education by day 3 (65% vs. 81%; P < 0.01), and an increase in MOM provision by 12 h (46% vs. 61%; P < 0.01) post‐LC but not at days 7, 28 or discharge.ConclusionA dedicated LC increases staff and maternal access to lactation education and support, improving provision of early MOM. Further research is required to assess the effect of LCs in improving breastfeeding rates in neonatal units.
Salt marsh vegetation and secured woody debris facilitate the recolonization of Avicennia germinans
Authors: Pranchai Aor , Jenke Michael , Vogt Juliane , Berger Uta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractQuestionsDoes the presence of salt marsh vegetation affect the long‐term regeneration of the pioneer mangrove species Avicennia germinans in a degraded dwarf forest? Does immobilized coarse woody debris (CWD) affect regeneration similarly? Do larger trees suppress or facilitate intraspecific saplings?LocationDwarf mangrove forest in the high intertidal zone on the Bragança peninsula in northern Brazil.MethodsThe spatial patterns of A. germinans, the herbaceous halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum, and CWD were mapped in three sample plots (each 400 m2) during two consecutive vegetation surveys, conducted in 2011 and 2014. Inhomogeneous Poisson and Thomas point process models were used to assess the distribution of A. germinans life‐history stages (seedlings, saplings, and adult dwarf trees), conditioned on the presence of S. portulacastrum and CWD. In addition, intraspecific interactions between trees and regeneration were assessed based on crown projection mapping. Bivariate point pattern analyses were used to assess the dependence of advance regeneration on dwarf A. germinans trees and S. portulacastrum.ResultsAvicennia germinans saplings and trees were positively associated with S. portulacastrum and CWD, whereas seedlings were located around tree crowns. The density of fruit‐bearing trees was positively associated with sapling density, indicating that regeneration relied on locally dispersed propagules.ConclusionsHerbaceous vegetation and CWD have an important ecological function in degraded mangroves by retaining tidally dispersed propagules. Here, we show that herbaceous vegetation does not suppress the growth of seedlings but facilitates mangrove recolonization. Due to limited tidal dispersal, regeneration relies on local propagule supply. In addition to hydrological restoration, the observed vegetation patterns suggest that, in the absence of propagule‐retaining vegetation, restoration of high‐intertidal mangroves can be facilitated by establishing nuclei of planted trees and installing secured logs.
A fresh look at mycobacterial pathogenicity with the zebrafish host model
Authors: Varela Monica , Meijer Annemarie H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe zebrafish has earned its place among animal models to study tuberculosis and other infections caused by pathogenic mycobacteria. This model host is especially useful to study the role of granulomas, the inflammatory lesions characteristic of mycobacterial disease. The optically transparent zebrafish larvae provide a window on the initial stages of granuloma development in the context of innate immunity. Application of fluorescent dyes and transgenic markers enabled real‐time visualization of how innate immune mechanisms, such as autophagy and inflammasomes, are activated in infected macrophages and how propagating calcium signals drive communication between macrophages during granuloma formation. A combination of imaging, genetic, and chemical approaches has revealed that the interplay between macrophages and mycobacteria is the main driver of tissue dissemination and granuloma development, while neutrophils have a protective function in early granulomas. Different chemokine signaling axes, conserved between humans and zebrafish, have been shown to recruit macrophages permissive to mycobacterial growth, control their microbicidal capacity, drive their spreading and aggregation, and mediate granuloma vascularization. Finally, zebrafish larvae are now exploited to explore cell death processes, emerging as crucial factors in granuloma expansion. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of mycobacterial pathogenesis contributed by zebrafish models.
Anesthesia for children with anterior mediastinal masses
Authors: Tan Aileen , Nolan Judith Anne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChildren with an anterior mediastinal mass may have cardiopulmonary compromise that can be exacerbated under general anesthesia. Signs and symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, stridor, orthopnea, accessory muscle use, a history of respiratory arrest, and the presence of a pleural effusion and upper body edema are predictive of perioperative complications. A larger mediastinal mass on imaging is predictive of perioperative complications. Risk stratification of patients, together with an individualized plan, will best guide operative management for patients with an anterior mediastinal mass. General anesthesia (GA) should be avoided if possible, but a spontaneous breathing technique is recommended if GA is required.
Acral manifestations associated with infection
Authors: Jordens Quentin , De Maeseneer Hannelore , De Crem Charlotte , Fölster‐Holst Regina , Van Gysel Dirk 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAcral lesions are well‐known physical findings in various infectious disorders. Although they are often overlooked, they can be the key to the diagnosis of the underlying disease. Considering this, we present an overview of various infectious causes of acral lesions in childhood. In addition, we discuss their characteristic presentation, evolution, and appropriate treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first review covering viral, bacterial and mycotic causes.
Association between onset and disappearance of pain and changes in physical activity among older adults – longitudinal evidence from the German Ageing Survey
Authors: Baumbach Linda , König Hans‐Helmut , Hajek André 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhysical activity (PA) is important for healthy ageing. Nonetheless, recommended PA guidelines from the World Health Organization are not met by many older adults. To increase PA, influencing factors have been investigated. But it is still unknown how the onset or disappearance of pain within an individual is associated with different PA intensities in older men and women.MethodWe used longitudinal data from the nationwide representative German Ageing Survey, waves 2014 and 2017 (analytical sample, n = 6194, 45% women). PA was assessed with questions on low, moderate, and vigorous PA per week and converted into metabolic equivalent of task (MET) values. Pain was dichotomized from a 5‐point scale into no pain versus some pain. The association between the onset or disappearance of pain from 2014 to 2017 on total, vigorous, moderate, and low PA was investigated using sex stratified asymmetric fixed effects models.ResultsThe onset of pain in older men (ß = 977.84, P = 0.041), and the disappearance of pain in older women (ß = 1531.69, P = 0.025), were associated with increased total PA. The results for men were driven by increases in vigorous (ß = 592.62, P = 0.035) PA, while the change in women was driven by low (ß = 242.16, P = 0.020) and moderate (ß = 496.48, P = 0.034) PA intensities. However, the observed differences between men and women were not statistically significant.ConclusionThe divergent associations between the onset and disappearance of pain and PA, driven by different PA intensities in men and women, suggest the existence of factors such as PA intensity influencing the association.
Cognitive control is quickly adapted to actual task requirements despite misleading context cues—Evidence from the N2, CRN, and ERN
Authors: Grützmann Rosa , Kathmann Norbert , Heinzel Stephan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCognitive control is flexibly adapted to task requirements in healthy individuals. Medio‐frontal negativities in the event‐related potential of the electroencephalogram can serve as indicators of cognitive control. With increasing conflict frequency, stimulus‐locked control, as indexed by the N2, is increased and response‐locked control, as indexed by the correct‐related negativity, is reduced. On the behavioral level, this shift is associated with improved conflict resolution as evident in reduced response times and error rates in incompatible trials and a reduced response time congruency effect. Cognitive control adaptation might be implemented through experience‐based task sets specifying advantageous processing strategies. Here, we investigated whether the cognitive control task set will be sustained when coupled with a contextual cue, even when the initial task requirements are no longer present. A flanker task with two conflict frequency conditions (25% incompatible and 75% incompatible trials) was presented. In the training phase, the conflict frequency conditions were paired with a distinct context cue (i.e., background color). In the test phase, the previously associated cues were again presented, but conflict frequency was identical in both conditions (50% incompatible trials). Although typical cognitive control adaptation was observed in the training phase on the behavioral and event‐related potentials level, this pattern was not sustained in the test phase. Thus, the present study provides further evidence that cognitive control is flexibly adapted to task requirements even in the presence of misleading cues.
Gender differences in perceived risk of COVID‐19
Authors: Lewis Andrew , Duch Raymond 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe examine gender‐based differences in perceived risks related to COVID‐19.MethodsWe analyze published findings from COVID‐related research on beliefs and attitudes about the health risks posed by the pandemic. We also design and administer a pair of online survey experiments (n = 502) to test if and how responsive men's attitudes are to information about male‐specific risks.ResultsAcross 16 studies, men consistently express lower perceived risk of contracting COVID‐19 and less concern about the potential health consequences if they were to catch it. Our experimental results are mixed: Results for one information treatment indicate that men report greater relative risk of adverse outcomes. Men in one of the risk information treatments express less concern for their health if they were to contract the disease. Risk perceptions are positively correlated with self‐reported propensity toward protective behaviors.ConclusionOur review of recent studies finds a small‐but‐consistent gap in men and women's beliefs about their health risks related to the present pandemic. These risk beliefs are crucial determinants of whether individuals take protective measures. Our experimental results suggest that informing men of male‐specific risks associated with COVID‐19 can reduce their risk perceptions and perceptions of risk and widen the gap between men and women's perceptions.
Influence of geographical determinants on the spatial distribution of positioning uncertainties in mobile phone location data
Authors: Song Xiaoqing , Zhang Ling , Wang Sijia , Long Yi , Jiang Wei , Hao Qin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe increasing use of mobile phone location (MPL) data in mobility research has provided many insights into people's travel behaviors. Despite these achievements, the spatial distribution of MPL data positioning uncertainties and their influence mechanism are rarely discussed. In this research, we investigate the influence of geographical determinants on the spatial distribution of the positioning uncertainties in MPL data. First, we discuss the spatial distribution trends in the positioning uncertainties of MPL data. Then we apply multiple linear regression and geographical detector (GeoDetector) models to explore the influence mechanism on the spatial distribution of the positioning uncertainties. By applying these methods to MPL data sets from a major operator in Nanjing city, we find a spatial aggregation phenomenon in the positioning uncertainties. Elevation contributes most to the spatial distribution of the positioning uncertainties. Furthermore, the influencing power of geographical factors on the spatial distribution of positioning uncertainties is nonlinearly enhanced after an interaction.
Host specialization is ancestral in Torymus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) cynipid gall parasitoids
Authors: Gil‐Tapetado Diego , Durán‐Montes Patricia , García‐París Mario , López‐Estrada E. Karen , Sánchez‐Vialas Alberto , Jiménez‐Ruiz Yolanda , Gómez Jose F. , Nieves‐Aldrey Jose Luis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe host range of parasitoids varies greatly among species: Some only parasitize one to a few hosts (specialists), while others parasitize multiple species or a variety of host types (generalists). The direction of most host range shifts in parasitoid groups, that is from generalist to specialist or, alternatively, from specialist to generalist, is unknown. To explore the origin of host range shifts, we studied a clade within the genus Torymus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) that includes both generalist and specialist parasitoids of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera). We analysed the phylogenetic relationships of the species of Torymus on the basis of two gene fragments (cox1 and ITS2) of 246 specimens and performed an ancestral state reconstruction of the specialist/generalist trait. Our results revealed the following: (a) The ancestral state of this group of Torymus is specialist, with the generalist state evolving through a loss of specialization. (b) The species Torymus cyaneus and Torymus flavipes both have a strong genetic structure, suggesting the existence of different biological identities. (c) There has been a host plant shift in the lineage(s) leading to Torymus rubi and Torymus bedeguaris from galls on Quercus to those on Rosaceae. (d) The alien species Torymus sinensis and the native European species Torymus notatus are phylogenetically closely related. (e) Speciation within Torymus was likely associated with the diversification of their cynipid hosts, which itself was driven by the dramatic changes in climate and vegetation that occurred during the Miocene.