bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal White Matter Damage Evolution in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Scamarcia Pietro Giuseppe , Agosta Federica , Spinelli Edoardo Gioele , Basaia Silvia , Stojković Tanja , Stankovic Iva , Sarasso Elisabetta , Canu Elisa , Markovic Vladana , Petrović Igor , Stefanova Elka , Pagani Elisabetta , Kostic Vladimir S. , Filippi Massimo 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhite matter hyperintensities (WMHs) have a role in cognitive impairment in normal brain aging, while the effect on Parkinson's disease (PD) progression is still controversial.ObjectiveTo investigate the longitudinal evolution of micro‐ and macrostructural damage of cerebral white matter (WM) and its relationship with the clinical picture in PD.MethodsA total of 154 PD patients underwent clinical, cognitive, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment once a year for up to 4 years. Sixty healthy controls underwent the same protocol at baseline. WMHs were identified and total WMH volume was measured. WMHs were also used as exclusion masks to define normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM). Using tract‐based spatial statistics, diffusion tensor (DT) MRI metrics of whole‐brain WM and NAWM were obtained. Linear mixed‐effects models defined the longitudinal evolution and association between variables. WM alterations were tested as risk factors of disease progression using linear regression and Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsAt baseline, PD patients showed alterations of all DT MRI measures compared to controls. Longitudinally, DT MRI measures did not vary significantly and no association with clinical variables was found. WMH volume changed over time and was associated with impairment in global cognition, executive functions, and language. Baseline WMH volume was a moderate risk factor for progression to mild cognitive impairment.ConclusionsOur study suggests an association between WMHs and cognitive deterioration in PD, whereas WM microstructural damage is a negligible contributor to clinical deterioration. WMHs assessed by MRI can provide an important tool for monitoring the development of cognitive impairment in PD patients. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Mixed precisions‐step Lanczos and conjugate gradient algorithms
Authors: Carson Erin , Gergelits Tomáš , Yamazaki Ichitaro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCompared to the classical Lanczos algorithm, thes‐step Lanczos variant has the potential to improve performance by asymptotically decreasing the synchronization cost per iteration. However, this comes at a price; despite being mathematically equivalent, thes‐step variant may behave quite differently in finite precision, potentially exhibiting greater loss of accuracy and slower convergence relative to the classical algorithm. It has previously been shown that the errors in thes‐step version follow the same structure as the errors in the classical algorithm, but are amplified by a factor depending on the square of the condition number of the ‐dimensional Krylov bases computed in each outer loop. As the condition number of theses‐step bases grows (in some cases very quickly) withs, this limits thesvalues that can be chosen and thus can limit the attainable performance. In this work, we show that if a select few computations ins‐step Lanczos are performed in double the working precision, the error terms then depend only linearly on the conditioning of thes‐step bases. This has the potential for drastically improving the numerical behavior of the algorithm with little impact on per‐iteration performance. Our numerical experiments demonstrate the improved numerical behavior possible with the mixed precision approach, and also show that this improved behavior extends to mixed precisions‐step CG. We present preliminary performance results on NVIDIA V100 GPUs that show that the overhead of extra precision is minimal if one uses precisions implemented in hardware.
Decoupled and linearized scalar auxiliary variable finite element method for the time‐dependent incompressible magnetohydrodynamic equations: Unconditional stability and convergence analysis
Authors: Zhang Tong , Yang Jinting 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper considers the stability and convergence of Euler implicit/explicit scheme for the incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations by the scalar auxiliary variable approach. The linear and nonlinear terms are treated by the implicit and explicit schemes, respectively, then the considered problem is split into two constant coefficient linear algebraic equations plus a nonlinear algebraic equation. Compared with the original discrete coefficient matrix, the computational size reduce and we can solve these subproblems conveniently and efficiently. First, an equivalent form of the MHD problem with four variables is developed, the corresponding stability and convergence results of spatial discrete scheme are presented. Second, the decoupled and linearized auxiliary variable finite element method is constructed, the discrete unconditional energy dissipation and stability of and in various norms are established. The optimal error estimates of numerical solutions in and H‐norms are also developed by the energy method and Gronwall lemma. Finally, some numerical examples are presented to verify the established theoretical findings and show the performances of the considered numerical algorithm.
Control of end‐of‐life oxygen‐containing groups accumulation in biopolyesters through introduction of crosslinked polysaccharide particles
Authors: Dispenza Clelia , Sabatino Maria Antonietta , Infurna Giulia , Dintcheva Nadka Tz. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe formulation of bio‐based materials with good performance in service and controlled end‐of‐life is imperative for an effective circular economy. In this work, an innovative approach to induce and control the end‐of‐life of biodegradable polyesters through introduction of crosslinked polysaccharide particles is proposed. Chitosan (Ch) has been subjected to ionotropically crosslinking and then added to polylactic acid (PLA) at different amounts (1.0–4.0%w) by melt mixing. All obtained results suggest that the addition of crosslinked Ch (cCh) particles does not modify significantly the investigated biopolyester properties. Specifically, the thermal analysis of the composites reveals that the addition of unmodified Ch alters the PLA thermal behavior, while the addition of cCh particles does not change the PLA glass transition, cold crystallization and fusion phenomena. The infrared and UV–visible spectroscopic analyses suggest no significant changes in PLA structure. PLA/cCh films show a good optical transparency, which is a desirable property for food packaging applications. In addition, thin PLA‐based films have been subjected to UVB exposure and the accumulation of oxygen‐containing groups has been monitored in time through spectroscopic analysis. Interestingly, at low exposure time, the presence of chitosan slows down the accumulation of these groups, while at long exposure time, chitosan induces accelerated oxygen‐groups formation, supporting its beneficial effect as end‐of‐life accelerant.
Physically intuitive continuum mechanics model for quartz crystal microbalance: Viscoelasticity of rubbery polymers at MHz frequencies
Authors: Gagnon Yannic J. , Burton Justin C. , Roth Connie B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEmploying a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as a MHz‐viscoelastic sensor requires extracting information from higher harmonics beyond the Sauerbrey limit, which can be problematic for rubbery polymer films that are highly dissipative because of the onset of anharmonic side bands and film resonance. Data analysis for QCM can frequently obscure the underlying physics or involve approximations that tend to break down at higher harmonics. In this study, modern computational tools are leveraged to solve a continuum physics model for the QCM's acoustic shear wave propagation through a polymer film with zero approximations, retaining the physical intuition of how the experimental signal connects to the shear modulus of the material. The resulting set of three coupled equations are solved numerically to fit experimental data for the resonance frequency Δfn and dissipation ΔΓn shifts as a function of harmonic number n, over an extended harmonic range approaching film resonance. This allows the frequency‐dependent modulus of polymer films at MHz frequencies, modeled as linear on a log–log scale, to be determined for rubbery polybutadiene (PB) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films, showing excellent agreement with time–temperature shifted rheometry data from the literature.
Surface Tension and Shear Strain Contributions to the Mechanical Behavior of Individual Mg‐Ni‐Phyllosilicate Nanoscrolls
Authors: Krasilin Andrei A. , Khalisov Maksim M. , Khrapova Ekaterina K. , Kunkel Tatyana S. , Kozlov Daniil A. , Anuchin Nikolay M. , Enyashin Andrey N. , Ankudinov Alexander V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSome phyllosilicate compounds have the ability of spontaneous scrolling because of the size mismatch between the covalently bounded metal oxide and silica sheets. Their unique structure and high theoretically predicted Young's modulus (around 210–230 GPa) induce phyllosilicates’ application as reinforcing fillers. However, previous nanomechanical experiments with individual phyllosilicate nanoscrolls are in poor agreement with theory. The main reason for this is the low accuracy of experiments, which leads to large measurement errors compared to measured average values. Here, the study of the mechanical properties of synthetic (Mg1–xNix)3Si2O5(OH)4 phyllosilicates is reported by testing a suspended nanoobject (a nanobridge) with an atomic force microscope (AFM). The Young's modulus of corresponding phyllosilicate model layers is also calculated by means of the density functional theory (DFT). The original AFM approach makes it possible to account for the probe slipping off the nanobridge and determine its boundary conditions. The measured Young's modulus values are considered within the models of surface tension and shear strain contributions. The shear strain appears to have a decisive impact on the measured Young's modulus (from 150 ± 70 GPa to 200 ± 210 GPa) and its spread.
Structural characterization of a pathogenic mutant of human protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN2 (Cys216Gly) that causes very early onset autoimmune enteropathy
Authors: Nian Qing , Berthelet Jérémy , Parlato Marianna , Mechaly Ariel E. , Liu Rongxing , Dupret Jean‐Marie , Cerf‐Bensussan Nadine , Haouz Ahmed , Rodrigues Lima Fernando 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPTPN2 is an important protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) that plays a key role in cell signaling. Deletions or inactivating mutations of PTPN2 have been described in different pathologies and underline its critical role in hematopoiesis, autoimmunity, and inflammation. Surprisingly, despite the major pathophysiological implications of PTPN2, the structural analysis of this PTP and notably of its pathogenic mutants remains poorly documented. Contrary to other human PTP enzymes, to date, only one structure of PTPN2 (wild‐type form) has been reported. Here, we report the first crystal structure of a pathogenic mutant of PTPN2 (Cys216Gly) that causes an autoimmune enteropathy. We show in particular that this mutant adopts a classical PTP fold. More importantly, albeit inactive, the mutant retains its ability to bind substrates and to adopt the characteristic catalytically competent closed form of PTP enzymes. This novel PTPN2 structure may serve as a new tool to better understand PTP structures and the structural impacts of pathogenic mutations. Moreover, the C216G PTPN2 structure could also be helpful to design specific ligands/inhibitors.
Optimal Scheme for Quantum Metrology
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhang Mao , Chen Hongzhen , Wang Lingna , Yuan Haidong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractQuantum metrology can achieve far better precision than classical metrology, and is one of the most important applications of quantum technologies in the real world. To attain the highest precision promised by quantum metrology, all steps of the schemes need to be optimized, which include the state preparation, parametrization, and measurement. Here the recent progresses on the optimization of these steps, which are essential for the identification and achievement of the ultimate precision limit in quantum metrology, are reviewed. It is hoped this provides a useful reference for the researchers in quantum metrology and related fields.
Formation and Performance of Monolithic Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides: A Critical Review
Authors: Cai Ming , Bian Xue , Xie Feng , Wu Wen‐yuan , Cen Peng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSelective Catalytic Reduction of nitrogen oxides with NH3 (NH3‐SCR) is the dominant denitration technology for the treatment of nitrogen oxides produced by thermal power plants. Denitration catalysts are the core of the NH3‐SCR system, which can be fabricated into shaped forms to obtain necessary mechanical strength for industrial applications. Specifically, the monolithic catalysts are widely used due to its unique structural properties and high conversion rate. Therefore, this review critically summarized the development of the monolithic catalysts forming, and characterized the influence of the different carriers, the various additives and different reaction conditions of forming process for NH3‐SCR. The purpose of this review is to highlight: (1) the Support effect of the different carriers; (2) the influence of mechanical properties of the various forming additives for the monolithic catalysts; and (3) the physicochemical properties of the monolithic catalysts under the different process conditions and illustrate their relations to catalytic performances. Finally, we hope that this work can give timely technical guidance and valuable insights for the applications of the NH3‐SCR in the field of NOx control.
Enhanced Cycle Stability of Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 Cathode with Sodium Oxalyldifluoroborate Electrolyte Salt for Hybrid Li‐Na Ion Battery
Authors: Wang Suqin , Zhang Jie , Xu Zhixin , Wang Jiulin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSodium oxalyldifluoroborate (NaODFB) electrolyte is, for the first time, examined as the electrolyte for a hybrid Li−Na ion battery. The solvent is propylene carbonate (PC) in this report. Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 (LNMCO) cathode exhibits better electrochemical performances in the NaODFB/PC electrolyte than those in the NaClO4/PC. The discharge capacity of LNMCO cathode shows a slight decrease from 202 mAh g−1 at the 10th cycle to 186 mAh g−1 at the 50th cycle in the NaODFB/PC, which is much better than that in the NaClO4/PC with a dramatically decreases from 190 mAh g−1 at the 27th cycle to 76 mAh g−1 at the 50th cycle. Moreover, in the NaODFB/PC, the LNMCO cathode attains a high discharge capacity of 151 mAh g−1 at the 200th cycle even at 0.5 C. The better reversible cycling performance of the LNMCO cathode in the NaODFB/PC is believed to be the formation of a more stable cathode solid electrode interphase based on scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Synthesis and Flotation Performance Evaluation of Polypropylene Glycol Grafted Poly N‐[(3‐dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide Copolymer
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyue , Tang Qingqing , Liao Yang , Gong Hui , Fang Shenwen , Xiong Yan , Duan Ming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhen cationic polymers are used as flotation agent in oil field to treat oily wastewater, viscous flocs are inevitably produced, which severely affect the oilfield production. In this paper, polypropylene glycol monomethyl ether (MPPG) was used to graft‐modify poly N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) methacrylamide (PDPM). Five types of copolymers (PPG‐g‐PDPM‐X) with different theoretical grafting degrees of PPG (20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 %, 100 %) were prepared. Chemical structures and surface activities of these copolymers were investigated. The flotation performances of the synthesized PPG‐g‐PDPM‐X and PDPM were evaluated and compared. It was found that PPG‐g‐PDPM‐3 showed high oil removal efficiency and the stickiness of its flocs was significantly lower than that of PDPM flocs. Factors that can affect the flotation performance of PPG‐g‐PDPM‐X were also studied. The results showed that both the interfacial activity and the conformation of PPG‐G‐PDPM‐3 in water changed as the rising temperature and the increasing pH, resulting in a decrease in the oil removal rate. The oil removal rate of PPG‐g‐PDPM‐3 increased with the increasing dosage, gas flow rate and flotation time. The recommended flotation conditions for PPG‐g‐PDPM‐3 were as follows: 100 mg/L dosage at room temperature, 1.5 L/min gas flow and 15 min flotation time. The oil removal rate at this condition was 87.33 %. This paper provides a solution to solve the viscous flocs issue when cationic copolymers are used as the flotation agent. Meanwhile, the PPG‐g‐PDPM‐3 is expected to have more interesting applications because it is temperature sensitive and pH sensitive.
Recent Developments of Nanomaterials in Hydrogels: Characteristics, Influences, and Applications
Authors: Zhang Zongzheng , Jiang Wenqing , Xie Xinmin , Liang Haiqing , Chen Hao , Chen Kun , Zhang Ying , Xu Wenlong , Chen Mengjun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn recent years, due to their good physical and chemical properties, nanocomposite hydrogels have shown great application potential in the fields of biomedicine, sensors, 3D printing, and water pollution control. Compared with pure polymer hydrogels, the superior performance of nanocomposite hydrogels is mainly due to the influence of nanomaterials on the internal structure and composition of the hydrogels. In this paper, starting from the basic properties required for practical applications of hydrogels, the influence of nanomaterials on the different properties of hydrogels is discussed. Meanwhile, this paper reviews the research status of nanocomposite hydrogels in different application fields, and emphasizes the challenges and development prospects of nanocomposite hydrogel applications.
A Schiff‐Base Molecular Keypad LockandTurn‐On Sensor for Selective Detection of Fe3+ with INHIBIT Logic Behaviour
Authors: Ekta  , Utreja Divya , Singh Kamaljit , Sharma Sucheta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA novel emissive Schiff‐base (3)has been synthesized through single‐step condensation of sulfanilamide and fluorogenic 3‐formylchromone. Compound (3) senses Fe3+ ion in semi‐aqueous media. Both fluorogenic and colorimetrical changes were observed in the presence of Fe3+ ions. Interestingly, on introduction of EDTA into the putative complex, [(3)+Fe3+], the spectroscopic changes were reversed. The ligand detects Fe3+ ions sensitively as the limit of detection for Fe3+ ion was 9.3×10−7 M. The probe performs molecular logic operation (INHIBIT) as well as function of a three‐input keypad lock. Further, the ligand (3)was successfully incorporated into Whatman filter paper as the test strips and aluminium coated silica gel plates, which showed a great selectivity for Fe3+ ions.
On the heterogeneous effects of tax policy on labor market outcomes
Authors: Adnan Wifag , Arin Kerim Peren , Corakci Aysegul , Spagnolo Nicola 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany recent studies have documented the heterogeneous effects of government‐spending shocks on major macroeconomic variables, particularly on output. We delve deeper into the heterogeneous effects of fiscal policy innovations, but focus on the tax policy innovations and their impact on the labor market, while accounting for gender, race, ethnicity, and the business cycle. Using microlevel data from the United States, we find that: (i) Tax shocks have varying employment effects depending on gender, race, and the stage of the business cycle; (ii) Sector, industry, and occupational segregation in labor markets by gender, race, and ethnicity can explain most of the variation in response to fiscal policy shocks.
The effect of distance metrics in a general purpose synthesizer: An empirical study on integer domain imperative programs
Authors: Correia Alexandre R. S. , Iyoda Juliano M. , Mota Alexandre C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractContextProgram synthesis is the task of automatically finding a program that satisfies the user intention. In previous work, we have developed a program synthesizer that integrates genetic algorithm with model finder. A genetic algorithm uses a fitness function to calculate how “distant to a solution” a given candidate program is. Researchers argue that different distance metrics for a fitness function may reveal behavioral differences in the genetic algorithm.ObjectiveWe have chosen five distance metrics as fitness functions to check whether they affect the synthesis task of five different integer domain imperative toy‐programs which read/write integer values using fundamental syntactic constructs, such as while, if‐then‐else, and so forth. We have used input/output examples and sketches to constrain the search space of the candidate programs.MethodA hypothesis test was proposed and experiments were conducted to observe the number of calls to the fitness function (x) and to measure the synthesis time ().ResultsRegarding x, the synthesizer found a solution for all five subjects after calling the fitness function the same amount of times. For , a one‐way ANOVA was performed with a significance level of 5% (). No significant differences were observed in both x and .ConclusionWith these preliminary results, this study suggests that the discrete distance metric is the best choice, because it guides the search with the same effectiveness as the others and is not time consuming, and so forth. However, future experimentation with a larger search space will confirm or not this initial impression.
Reframing Life Skills: From an Individualistic to a Relational Transformative Approach
Authors: DeJaeghere Joan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter examines how life skills education draws on a dominant individualistic behavioral approach that aims to teach skills to young people so they can overcome various social and economic problems. Life skills are taught to girls so that they can be empowered to overcome health issues, such as HIV/AIDs or early pregnancy. They are also targeted at boys who are deemed ‘at risk’ of engaging in asocial behaviors in efforts to reduce violence and to contribute to the economy. Yet many of these societal problems are linked to changing social, economic and environmental relations. To think differently about how to use life skills to foster a good life that is just, equitable, and sustainable, the chapter offers a transformative framing based in a critical and relational approach. Such an approach requires a reframing of skills to consider the values and perspectives that are often implicitly taught, such as individual responsibility and self-promotion, and to reorient these skills around values that youth desire and need within their challenging contexts. It concludes with a discussion of some common life skills and how they can be reframed to achieve transformation in society so youth can live life well – oriented toward greater justice, equality and peace.