bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macroscale assessment of low‐velocity impact on hybrid composite laminates
Authors: Azeem M. , Ya H.H. , Alam M.A. , Sultan T.H. , Ali M. , Sattar M. , Ahmad T. , Hatami H. , Sadique M.R. , Mokhtar A.A. , Mustapha M. , Khan M.A. , Masood F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractComposites are usually brittle materials and have low impact properties. Structural dimensions, stacking sequence, ply materials, ply thicknesses and ply angles are standard variables that influence composite‘s performance against impact loads. Stacking sequence in hybrid laminates affects the failure and impact resistance. Failure mechanisms at the low‐velocity impact of a rigid object in hybrid laminates are complex, and the subsurface damage in a composite laminate cannot be detected directly. However, various simulation platforms make it easy to see the impact damage between the plies of laminate. This paper numerically investigated the effect of stack sequence and hybridization of two fiber types against low‐velocity impact. The current study adopted four‐layer composite laminates of carbon and glass fiber layers with a stacking plan [C/C/C/C], [C/G/C/G] and [G/C/G/C], having lay‐up angles as [0°/45°/−45°/90°]. Keeping the impactor mass and the incident velocity constant, the laminates were subjected to low‐velocity impact. The damage contours for a failure mode were recorded and compared at the ply level. The numerical study resulted in impact imitations showing comparisons of the damage contours using Hashin failure criteria. Hybrid laminates display better performance in absorbing impact energies; however, hybrid laminates experienced more subsurface damage due to more impact energy absorption.
Neuroinflammation in the Cerebellum and Brainstem in Friedreich Ataxia: An [18F]‐FEMPA PET Study
Authors: Khan Wasim , Corben Louise A. , Bilal Hiba , Vivash Lucy , Delatycki Martin B. , Egan Gary F. , Harding Ian H. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundNeuroinflammation is proposed to accompany, or even contribute to, neuropathology in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), with implications for disease treatment and tracking.ObjectivesTo examine brain glial activation and systemic immune dysfunction in people with FRDA and quantify their relationship with symptom severity, duration, and onset age.MethodsFifteen individuals with FRDA and 13 healthy controls underwent brain positron emission tomography using the translocator protein (TSPO) radioligand [18F]‐FEMPA, a marker of glial activation, together with the quantification of blood plasma inflammatory cytokines.Results[18F]‐FEMPA binding was significantly increased in the dentate nuclei (d = 0.67), superior cerebellar peduncles (d = 0.74), and midbrain (d = 0.87), alongside increased plasma interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) (d = 0.73), in individuals with FRDA compared to controls. Increased [18F]‐FEMPA binding in the dentate nuclei, brainstem, and cerebellar anterior lobe correlated with earlier age of symptom onset (controlling for the genetic triplet repeat expansion length; all r
part < −0.6), and in the pons and anterior lobe with shorter disease duration (r = −0.66; −0.73).ConclusionsNeuroinflammation is evident in brain regions implicated in FRDA neuropathology. Increased neuroimmune activity may be related to earlier disease onset and attenuate over the course of the illness. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Detection of a Hemoglobin Adduct of the Food Contaminant Furfuryl Alcohol in Humans: Levels of N‐((Furan‐2‐yl)methyl)‐valine in Two Epidemiological Studies
Authors: Monien Bernhard H. , Bergau Nick , Hogervorst Janneke G. F. , Nawrot Tim S. , Trefflich Iris , Weikert Cornelia , Abraham Klaus 
Published: October 2021

ScopeFurfuryl alcohol is a heat‐induced food contaminant, classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The proximal carcinogen 2‐sulfoxymethylfuran leads to adduct formation in DNA and proteins (e.g., N‐((furan‐2‐yl)methyl)‐Val (FFA‐Val) in hemoglobin).Methods and resultsThis study analyzed human erythrocyte samples from two studies for the presence of FFA‐Val: the Risks and Benefits of a Vegan Diet study (RBVD; 72 adults) and the ENVIRonmental influence ON early AGEing birth cohort study (ENVIRONAGE; 100 mother‐newborn pairs). In the RBVD study, FFA‐Val levels are lower in vegans compared to omnivores (median 13.0 vs 15.8 pmol g−1 hemoglobin, p = 0.008), and lower in non‐smokers compared to smokers (median 14.1 vs 17.0 pmol g−1 hemoglobin, p = 0.003). In the birth cohort, FFA‐Val levels are distinctly higher in maternal compared to newborn samples (median 15.2 vs 2.2 pmol g−1 hemoglobin, p < 0.001).ConclusionsFFA‐Val, hitherto detected only in blood samples of mice, is quantifiable in all human samples, indicating a general exposure to furfuryl alcohol. The low adduct levels in blood samples from newborn children suggested that the placenta is a barrier to furfuryl alcohol. Dietary habits and tobacco smoking are two main influencing factors on the formation of FFA‐Val, which may be of use as a biomarker of exposure to furfuryl alcohol.
Radiation field and dose inhomogeneities using an X‐ray cabinet in radiation biology research
Authors: Bucher Martin , Trinkl Sebastian , Endesfelder David , Weiss Tina , Gomolka Maria , Pätzold Juliane , Lechel Ursula , Roessler Ute , de las Heras Gala Hugo , Moertl Simone , Giussani Augusto 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeX‐ray cabinets are replacing 137Cs/60Co sources in radiation biology research due to advantages in size, handling, and radiation protection. However, because of their different physical properties, X‐ray cabinets are more susceptible to experimental influences than conventional sources. The aim of this study was to examine the variations related to the experimental setups typically used to investigate biological radiation effects with X‐ray cabinets.Materials and methodsA combined approach of physical dose measurements by thermoluminescence dosimetry and detection of biological effects by quantification of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci was used to analyze field inhomogeneity and evaluate the influence of the components of the experimental setup.ResultsIrradiation was performed using an X‐ray tube (195 kV, 10 mA, 0.5‐mm‐thick copper filter, dose rate of 0.59 Gy/min). Thermoluminescence dosimetry revealed inhomogeneity and a dose decrease of up to 42.3% within the beam area (diameter 31.1 cm) compared to the dose at the center. This dose decrease was consistent with the observed decline in the number of radiation‐induced foci by up to 55.9 %. Uniform dose distribution was measured after reducing the size of the radiation field (diameter 12.5 cm). However, when using 15‐ml test tubes placed at different positions within this field, the dose decreased by up to 17% in comparison to the central position. Analysis of foci number revealed significant differences between the tubes for γH2AX (1 h) and 53BP1 (4 h) at different time points after irradiation. Neither removal of some tubes nor of the caps improved the dose decrease significantly. By contrast, when using 1.5‐ml tubes, dose differences were less than 4%, and no significant differences in foci number were detected.ConclusionX‐ray cabinets are user‐friendly irradiation units for investigating biological radiation effects. However, field inhomogeneities and experimental setup components considerably affect the delivered irradiation doses. For this reason, strict dosimetric monitoring of experimental irradiation setups is mandatory for reliable studies.
The effects of oestrogen on vaginal wound healing: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vodegel Eva V. , Kastelein Arnoud W. , Jansen Charlotte H. J. R. , Limpens Jacqueline , Zwolsman Sandra E. , Roovers Jan‐Paul W. R. , Hooijmans Carlijn R. , Guler Zeliha 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTAimsTo determine the effects of oestrogen or oestrogen deprivation on vaginal wound healing. Impaired wound healing following prolapse surgery may increase the risk of recurrent prolapse in the future. Vaginal oestrogen therapy may improve wound healing, hereby possibly improving surgical outcomes.MethodsA systematic search of OVID MEDLINE, OVID Embase, and Web of Science was conducted up to January 28, 2020. We included original studies comparing wound healing‐related outcomes of oestrogen exposed subjects (female animals and women) to hypo‐oestrogenic subjects after vaginal surgery. Data on wound healing‐related outcome measures were extracted. For each individual comparison, the standardised mean difference (Hedges' g; SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.ResultsOf the 1474 studies reviewed, 14 studies were included for review, and 11 provided data for meta‐analysis. Oestrogen improves neovascularisation (SMD: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.67–1.60), microscopic wound closure (SMD: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.66–1.29), collagen synthesis (SMD: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.42–1.74), and tissue strength (SMD: 1.26, 95% CI: 0.53–1.99) in animals. Oestrogen increases granulation (SMD: 1.67, 95% CI: 0.54–2.79) and accelerates macroscopic wound closure (SMD: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.22–2.42) in women and animals. Oestrogen decreases the inflammatory response (SMD: −0.58, 95% CI: −1.14 to −0.02) in women and animals and reduces levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 (SMD: −1.68, 95% CI: −2.52 to −0.83) in animals. All results were statistically significant.ConclusionsOestrogen therapy has a positive effect on vaginal wound healing. Future studies should determine whether oestrogen therapy has the potential to improve surgical outcomes.
Suicide attempt induced by drug‐induced leukoencephalopathy: A case report
Authors: Maehara Ryo , Kawamata Yasushi , Ichikawa Motoshi , Mitani Kinuko , Yasui‐Furukori Norio , Shimoda Kazutaka 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundLeukoencephalopathy is identified during the administration of anticancer drugs. Symptoms vary from neurological symptoms to psychiatric symptoms depending on the site of damage. There have been no previous reports of suicide attempts due to drug‐induced leukoencephalopathy.Case PresentationThe patient was diagnosed with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) infiltrating the pharyngeal lesion. Rituximab + methotrexate + oncovin + procarbazine (R‐MPV) therapy, a methotrexate‐containing chemotherapy, was initiated. At the end of the fifth course, the patient attempted suicide by hanging with an appliance cord, which was associated with delusion. A head MRI scan showed no evidence of lymphoma recurrence, but white matter lesions around the ventricles showed progression.ConclusionWe report the case of a patient in whom drug‐induced leukoencephalopathy related to methotrexate led to a suicide attempt. In addition to monitoring brain tumors, daily monitoring of psychiatric and neurological symptoms is important for patients with methotrexate‐induced encephalopathy.
Evaluation on mechanical properties of high‐performance biocomposite bridge deck structure: a review
Authors: Yang Kainan , Wang Hongguang , Liu Zhengyi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNowadays, the problem of performance deterioration caused by the steel‐bar corrosion of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge decks has been serious gradually. Hence, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have already become alternative structural materials to traditional RC because of the characteristic of lightweight and high‐strength, better corrosion and fatigue resistance, and so forth. But they are also accompanied by some defects as being expensive and harmful to the environment and human health. Biocomposites have beneficial properties such as low density, less expensive, and reduced solidity while compared with synthetic FRP composite products, thus providing advantages for utilization in civil engineering structural applications. Furthermore, using natural fibers as reinforcement for composites introduces positive effects on the mechanical behavior of biocomposite structures. This paper mainly reports the research status of FRP and biocomposite bridge decks and their mechanical properties including flexural, shear, punch shear, and fatigue performances; summarizes some design methods and related innovative research results of FRP bridge deck to provide the design base for the biocomposite bridge deck, discusses the issue of insufficient mechanical properties of biocomposites applied to bridge deck structure, and introduces the high‐performance methods of natural fiber composites. It is conducive to the investigation and promotion of biocomposites as structural materials in civil engineering. In addition, there is some crucial reference significance and value for the development of a green and sustainable engineering structure.
Population pharmacokinetic model‐guided optimization of intravenous voriconazole dosing regimens in critically ill patients with liver dysfunction
Authors: Lin Xiao‐bin , Lui Ka Yin , Guo Peng‐hao , Liu Xiao‐man , Liang Tao , Hu Xiao‐guang , Tong Li , Wu Jing‐jing , Xia Yan‐zhe , Chen Pan , Zhong Guo‐ping , Chen Xiao , Cai Chang‐jie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThis study aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of intravenous voriconazole (VRC) in critically ill patients with liver dysfunction and to explore the optimal dosing strategies in specific clinical scenarios for invasive fungal infections (IFIs) caused by common Aspergillus and Candida species.DesignProspective pharmacokinetics study.SettingThe intensive care unit in a tertiary‐care medical center.PatientsA total of 297 plasma VRC concentrations from 26 critically ill patients with liver dysfunction were included in the PPK analysis.MethodsModel‐based simulations with therapeutic range of 2–6 mg/L as the plasma trough concentration (Cmin) target and the free area under the concentration‐time curve from 0 to 24 h (ƒAUC24) divided by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (ie, ƒAUC24/MIC) ≥25 as the effective target were performed to optimize VRC dosing regimens for Child‐Pugh class A and B (CP‐A/B) and Child‐Pugh class C (CP‐C) patients.ResultsA two‐compartment model with first‐order elimination adequately described the data. Significant covariates in the final model were body weight on both central and peripheral distribution volume and Child‐Pugh class on clearance. Intravenous VRC loading dose of 5 mg/kg every 12 h (q12h) for the first day was adequate for CP‐A/B and CP‐C patients to attain the Cmin target at 24 h. The maintenance dose regimens of 100 mg q12h or 200 mg q24h for CP‐A/B patients and 50 mg q12h or 100 mg q24h for CP‐C patients could obtain the probability of effective target attainment of >90% at an MIC ≤0.5 mg/L and achieve the cumulative fraction of response of >90% against C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, A. fumigatus, and A. flavus. Additionally, the daily VRC doses could be increased by 50 mg for CP‐A/B and CP‐C patients at an MIC of 1 mg/L, with plasma Cmin monitored closely to avoid serious adverse events. It is recommended that an appropriate alternative antifungal agent or a combination therapy could be adopted when an MIC ≥2 mg/L is reported, or when the infection is caused by C. tropicalis but the MIC value is not available.ConclusionsFor critically ill patients with liver dysfunction, the loading dose of intravenous VRC should be reduced to 5 mg/kg q12h. Additionally, based on the types of fungal pathogens and their susceptibility to VRC, the adjusted maintenance dose regimens with lower doses or longer dosing intervals should be considered for CP‐A/B and CP‐C patients.
Meta‐analysis of clinical outcomes of PCSK9 modulators in patients with established ASCVD
Authors: Talasaz Azita H. , Ho Ai‐Chen (Jane) , Bhatty Fawzia , Koenig Rachel A. , Dixon Dave L. , Baker William L. , Van Tassell Benjamin W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe advent of monoclonal antibodies targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) ushered in a new era of dyslipidemia pharmacotherapy. The first two antibodies targeting PCSK9 (evolocumab, alirocumab) approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provided significant and sustained reductions in atherogenic lipids and a reduced risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events. More recently, phase 3 trials of inclisiran—a small interfering RNA‐based agent targeting PCSK9—reported similar lipid‐lowering effects and preliminary evidence of ASCVD risk reduction, although significant questions remain regarding the extent of benefits across cardiovascular outcomes. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis (random‐effects model) of the available data on lipid lowering, incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events, and safety of pharmacologic agents targeting PCSK9. A significant and consistent reduction in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) was observed across all agents (−51% [95% confidence interval {CI}: −61%, −41%]). Despite the impressive reduction in LDL‐C, the individual effects on mortality, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke remained nonsignificant. However, a consistent reduction was observed in the composite outcomes of MI, stroke, and cardiovascular death [relative risk {RR} (95% CI): 0.80 (0.73–0.87)] and MI, stroke, unstable angina (requiring revascularization), and cardiovascular death [RR (95% CI): 0.85 (0.74–0.97)]. In terms of safety outcomes, there was no significant difference in severe adverse events, new onset diabetes, neurocognitive disorders, or myalgia. Meanwhile, injection site reaction was more frequent in patients receiving these agents compared to placebo [RR 2.11 (95% CI): 1.26–3.54]. These findings suggest a class effect for favorable lipid changes and a low risk of serious adverse events among pharmacologic agents targeting PCSK9. Although there is compelling evidence that PCSK9‐targeting agents reduce the risk of some cardiovascular outcomes, adequately powered studies with longer follow‐up may be needed to fully characterize the magnitude of benefits across the cardiovascular spectrum.
The relationship between math‐gender stereotype and academic burnout: The mediating roles of the performance‐avoidance goal and self‐handicapping
Authors: Zhang Heyating , Chen Xin , Zhang Baoshan , Kelley Grant W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the current study, we examined the relationship between math‐gender stereotypes, academic burnout, achievement goal orientation, and self‐handicapping in Chinese adolescent students. The data came from 1170 participants (552 boys and 618 girls) from four secondary schools and was analyzed with structural equation models. The results showed that the math‐gender stereotype was positively associated with academic burnout in the girls' group. Meanwhile, girls' endorsement of the math‐gender stereotype was positively associated with academic burnout through the individual mediating effect of the performance‐avoidance goal and that of self‐handicapping. More importantly, the chain from performance‐avoidance goal to self‐handicapping also played a mediating role in the relationship between math‐gender stereotypes and academic burnout among adolescent girls. However, in the boys' group, we did not find an obvious significant relationship between math‐gender stereotypes and academic burnout. The results can contribute to the theoretical system of the motivational mechanism of academic burnout, and it may also have implications on the practice of alleviating negative effects of math‐gender stereotypes on academic burnout through minimizing the tendency of performance‐avoidance goals and self‐handicapping.
RootTarget: A dynamic model enabling the targeted application of plant growth regulators for rice
Authors: Heap Brittany , McAinsh Martin , Toledo‐Ortiz Gabriela 
Published: October 2021

Societal Impact StatementThe rising global population and the increasingly conspicuous effects of climate change are putting growing pressure on the agricultural industry. Food production must increase significantly with little or no access to extra land; therefore, new approaches are urgently required to increase crop productivity. The strategic application of plant growth regulators is one method of achieving this, made possible by RootTarget. RootTarget maps regional land use and resource availability, identifying locations where crops could benefit from the application of plant growth regulators. Such targeted application can contribute to creating a more resilient and sustainable farming system.Summary

Developing novel strategies for optimising crop productivity is essential to meet the requirement of doubling food production by 2050. Geographic information system (GIS) software provides the opportunity to develop models for targeted application of plant growth regulators in rice‐growing regions based on water availability and agricultural practices, in order to optimise yields.
GIS was used to identify rice‐growing areas with adequate irrigation, a high evapotranspiration index or suitable sowing technique for site‐specific application of plant growth regulators. Rule‐based decisions were incorporated into a GIS model in order to identify key areas where plant growth regulators should be applied. This approach allows information sharing between multiple stakeholders including researchers, companies and farmers with the aim of maximising crop productivity.
A root growth promoter (RGP) was identified that promotes root growth under optimum conditions but not when applied concurrently with a drought stress. The effect of the RGP diminishes as the severity of the stress increases. These data were used to execute queries to identify regions with a suitable drought index, growing practice and adequate irrigation. Two hundred and twenty‐nine million hectares of land, spanning four continents, were identified as having the potential to benefit from application of the RGP.
Significant areas of land used for rice production were identified that could benefit from application of the RGP. This study highlights the potential to incorporate academic research into models for research dissemination to the agricultural industry and increase crop productivity.
Hey There! What Do You Look Like? User Voice Switching and Interface Mirroring in Voice‐Enabled Digital Assistants (VDAs)
Authors: Bilal Dania , Barfield Jessica K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe investigated user voice switching behavior (VSB) in voice‐enabled digital assistants (VDAs), focusing on the importance of and preference for the voice accents, genders, and age to match with those of the users. We incorporated images of ten people with diverse races, ethnicities, age, genders, and religions to embody the voice interfaces (EVIs). In an online survey, we collected demographic, background, and VDA usage data. The sample consisted of 214 participants recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (http://mturk.com). The participants were selected based on owning a VDA (e.g., Alexa Home) or owning a device (e.g., smartphone, tablet, or computer), and setting the device on English as the default language. The age of the participants ranged from 18–35 years. Findings revealed that, regardless of age, the majority of the participants switched the voice interface and for various reasons. Further, participants placed importance on voice matching with their gender, accent, and age. Participants ranked the young White female, Asian female, and Black female EVIs as the most preferred for voice switching and interactions. We coin the concept, Interface mirroring, which should help designers to create more diverse and inclusive EVIs, ensuring fairness and equality in the design of VDAs.
Understanding Research Data Repositories as Infrastructures
Authors: Boyd Ceilyn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study discusses the properties of research data repositories and explores metadata about 2,646 entries in the Registry of Research Data Repositories (re3data.org) to identify the characteristics attributed to infrastructures they exhibit. The results reveal how research data repositories function as information infrastructure for scientific community members and contribute to the small body of literature that examines data repositories through a socio‐technical lens.