bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of CD146 attenuates retinal neovascularization via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signalling pathway in proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Lin Jianqiang , Cui Kaixuan , Xu Yue , Tang Xiaoyu , Shi Yuxun , Lu Xi , Yang Boyu , He Qingjing , Yu Shanshan , Liang Xiaoling 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTPurposeTo investigate the expression of CD146 and its role in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).MethodsEnzyme linked immunosorbent assay was performed to analyse the expression and relationship of sCD146, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2 in vitreous specimens from PDR and idiopathic epiretinal membranes (IERM) or idiopathic macular hole patients. The location of CD146 in ERMs was detected by immunofluorescence. The oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR) mice model was established and the adeno‐associated virus expressing a shRNA of CD146 (AAV1‐shCD146‐GFP) was administered via intravitreal injection. The effect of AAV1‐shCD146‐GFP was explored by immunofluorescence, Western blot and quantitative real‐time PCR.ResultsThe levels of sCD146 in vitreous specimens from PDR patients and CD146 in retinas from OIR mice were significantly increased. Immunofluorescence showed that CD146 was co‐located with CD31, VEGF, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, respectively. Intravitreal injection of AAV1‐shCD146‐GFP could dramatically reduce the formation of neovascularization and non‐perfusion area by inhibiting VEGFR2 phosphorylation.ConclusionOur results indicated that CD146 was involved in the development of retinal neovascularization via VEGFR2 pathway. Anti‐CD146 may be an innovative or adjuvant therapy, which provides a new direction for the treatment of PDR and other ocular neovascular diseases.
Regulation of fibroblast growth factor 9 on the differentiation of goat intramuscular adipocytes
Authors: Huang Kai , Wang Yong , Zhu Jiangjiang , Xiong Yan , Lin Yaqiu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt has been found that fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF‐FGFR) signaling can regulate the expression of adipocyte differentiation genes. FGF9 is one of the members of FGFs that mainly binds receptors FGFR2 and FGFR3. FGF9 is highly expressed in the adipose tissue of humans and mice, but there are few reports on the role of FGF9 in goat intramuscular adipocyte differentiation. Therefore, this study explored the effect of FGF9 on adipocyte differentiation through cell culture, interference, and overexpression. The expression of receptors FGFR1–FGFR4 in adipocyte differentiation and their effects on differentiation were detected to screen receptor gene of FGF9. Finally, the interaction between FGF9 and the receptor was tested by cotransfection. Our results showed that FGF9 interacts with FGFR2 to inhibit goat intramuscular adipocyte differentiation by regulating peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref1), which is a data support for subsequent pathway research.
In search of the roots of corporate reputation management: Being a consistent corporate social performer
Authors: Pérez‐Cornejo Clara , de Quevedo‐Puente Esther , Wilson Alan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCorporate social performance (CSP) has received a particularly high share of attention as one of the main determinants of corporate reputation. However, few studies have tested the extent to which the relationship between CSP and corporate reputation may be affected by industry, country, or other context‐related variables. Besides, some conceptual thinking suggests that the impact of CSP on corporate reputation may vary according to the level of consistency of a firm's behaviors. However, this view has not been empirically addressed. For this reason, the main objective of this study is to explore the impact of consistency in CSP management on corporate reputation. Specifically, we analyze both the effect of CSP internal consistency (or consistency between environmental and social performance) and CSP consistency over time on corporate reputation. The results based on data from an international sample of 133 companies for the period 2011 to 2016, support either CSP internal consistency or CSP consistency over time (positive increment of CSP over time) positively affecting corporate reputation. The results also confirm the moderation effect of CSP internal consistency on the relationship between CSP and corporate reputation. These results reveal that consistency in social responsibility management helps a firm to consolidate its corporate reputation.
Children selectively endorse speculative conjectures
Authors: Chu Junyi , Schulz Laura E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractYoung children are epistemically vigilant, attending to the reliability, expertise, and confidence of their informants and the prior probability and verifiability of their claims. But the pre‐eminent requirement of any hypothesis is that it provides a potential solution to the question at hand. Given questions with no known answer, the ability to selectively adopt new, unverified, speculative proposals may be critical to learning. This study explores when people might reasonably reject known facts in favor of unverified conjectures. Across four experiments, when conjectures answer questions that available facts do not, both adults (n = 48) and children (4.0–7.9 years, n = 241, of diverse race and ethnicity) prefer the conjectures, even when the conjectures are preceded by uncertainty markers or explicitly violate prior expectations.
The maternal effects on Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae depend on temperature
Authors: Olin Mikko , Kotakorpi Matti , Nurminen Leena , Ruuhijärvi Jukka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe studied the influences of female pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) length and growth (i.e., maternal effects) on the length of hatched and starved larvae as well as on larval starvation resistance in two different temperature conditions (mean temperatures 13.2 and 17.9°C). The data included fertilised eggs and reared larvae from 21 individuals caught during the spawning season from eutrophic Lake Pyhäjärvi in Finland. The length of the hatching larvae was dependent on female size but also on water temperature and on the potential energy the female had invested on reproduction. Maternal effects seemed to also influence the timing of larvae growth, and larvae that were large at hatching grew less on mere yolk sac reserves, and vice versa. Female length had a positive effect on the larval starvation resistance but only under cold conditions. The results suggest that higher temperature might reduce the advantage the larvae from large females get for starvation resistance.
Environmental and anthropogenic constraints on animal space use drive extinction risk worldwide
Authors: Hirt Myriam R. , Barnes Andrew D. , Gentile Alessandro , Pollock Laura J. , Rosenbaum Benjamin , Thuiller Wilfried , Tucker Marlee A. , Brose Ulrich 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAnimals require a certain amount of habitat to persist and thrive, and habitat loss is one of the most critical drivers of global biodiversity decline. While habitat requirements have been predicted by relationships between species traits and home‐range size, little is known about constraints imposed by environmental conditions and human impacts on a global scale. Our meta‐analysis of 395 vertebrate species shows that global climate gradients in temperature and precipitation exert indirect effects via primary productivity, generally reducing space requirements. Human pressure, however, reduces realised space use due to ensuing limitations in available habitat, particularly for large carnivores. We show that human pressure drives extinction risk by increasing the mismatch between space requirements and availability. We use large‐scale climate gradients to predict current species extinction risk across global regions, which also offers an important tool for predicting future extinction risk due to ongoing space loss and climate change.
Gaps in Functional Motor Disorders care in two European countries: time to address shared terminology, medico‐legal barriers and public investments
Authors: Di Vico Ilaria A. , Serranova Tereza , Colombari Michela , Rosikova Tereza , Růžička Evžen , Gandolfi Marialuisa , Tinazzi Michele 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeFunctional motor disorders (FMDs) are frequent and highly disabling conditions. Despite the substantial advances in FMDs diagnosis, mechanisms and treatments, their tangible application to care of patients with FMDs is yet to be established. We aimed to identify the main real‐life gaps and barriers in FMDs care, faced by both patients and physicians, in two different European countries, Italy and Czechia.MethodsA cross‐cultural study was performed.ResultsBoth patients and physicians are face practical difficulties and pay a high price for the poor management of FMDs as a result of outdated classifications and insufficient education. This, in turn, has led to inadequate access to care and the existence of common misbeliefs regarding symptom severity or even suspicion of malingering. FMDs need to be integrated into national healthcare systems and in research priorities so that substantial cost savings can be achieved and appropriate care provided to patients.ConclusionsWe found multiple serious real‐life unmet needs in FMD care, ranging from terminology and classification to poor recognition in national healthcare priorities. Based on these findings, we intend to mark the beginning of a collaborative project among researchers even in other different European settings to promote coordinated development efforts and goals in the evolving field of FMDs in clinical and research practice.
Simulation‐based training improves process times in acute stroke care (STREAM)
Authors: Bohmann Ferdinand O. , Gruber Katharina , Kurka Natalia , Willems Laurent M. , Herrmann Eva , du Mesnil de Rochemont Richard , Scholz Peter , Rai Heike , Zickler Philipp , Ertl Michael , Berlis Ansgar , Poli Sven , Mengel Annerose , Ringleb Peter , Nagel Simon , Pfaff Johannes , Wollenweber Frank A. , Kellert Lars , Herzberg Moriz , Koehler Luzie , Haeusler Karl Georg , Alegiani Anna , Schubert Charlotte , Brekenfeld Caspar , Doppler Christopher E. J. , Onur Özgür A. , Kabbasch Christoph , Manser Tanja , Steinmetz Helmuth , Pfeilschifter Waltraud ,   the STREAM Trial investigators
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of the STREAM Trial was to evaluate the effect of simulation training on process times in acute stroke care.MethodsThe multicenter prospective interventional STREAM Trial was conducted between 10/2017 and 04/2019 at seven tertiary care neurocenters in Germany with a pre‐ and post‐interventional observation phase. We recorded patient characteristics, acute stroke care process times, stroke team composition and simulation experience for consecutive direct‐to‐center patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular therapy (EVT). The intervention consisted of a composite intervention centered around stroke‐specific in situ simulation training. Primary outcome measure was the ‘door‐to‐needle’ time (DTN) for IVT. Secondary outcome measures included process times of EVT and measures taken to streamline the pre‐existing treatment algorithm.ResultsThe effect of the STREAM intervention on the process times of all acute stroke operations was neutral. However, secondary analyses showed a DTN reduction of 5 min from 38 min pre‐intervention (interquartile range [IQR] 25–43 min) to 33 min (IQR 23–39 min, p = 0.03) post‐intervention achieved by simulation‐experienced stroke teams. Concerning EVT, we found significantly shorter door‐to‐groin times in patients who were treated by teams with simulation experience as compared to simulation‐naive teams in the post‐interventional phase (−21 min, simulation‐naive: 95 min, IQR 69–111 vs. simulation‐experienced: 74 min, IQR 51–92, p = 0.04).ConclusionAn intervention combining workflow refinement and simulation‐based stroke team training has the potential to improve process times in acute stroke care.
What Does the Situation Say? Theorizing Multiple Understandings of Climate Change
Authors: Schnegg Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOur ways of knowing the weather are transforming. Climate change modifies weather patterns, and the globalization of scientific knowledge promotes new ways of making the weather intelligible. Following both transformations, I explore how Damara pastoralists (ǂNūkhoen) in Namibia entertain various Indigenous, religious, political, and scientific explanations for the most distressing weather‐related phenomenon they experience—the lack of rain. Integrating qualitative and quantitative data, my ethnography reveals how people combine knowledge from multiple, even contradictory, registers to explain one situation, and use a different combination of sources to explain another. To understand this, I develop a phenomenological framework that shows how being‐in‐the‐world creates a phenomenon situationally. If phenomena differ depending on how we enact the world, it is unsurprising that these phenomena would then entail different explanations. With this, I theorize why people make sense of climate change in multiple ways, and why they move between them.
The tempo of greening in the European Alps: Spatial variations on a common theme
Authors: Choler Philippe , Bayle Arthur , Carlson Bradley Z. , Randin Christophe , Filippa Gianluca , Cremonese Edoardo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe long‐term increase in satellite‐based proxies of vegetation cover is a well‐documented response of seasonally snow‐covered ecosystems to climate warming. However, observed greening trends are far from uniform, and substantial uncertainty remains concerning the underlying causes of this spatial variability. Here, we processed surface reflectance of the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) to investigate trends and drivers of changes in the annual peak values of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Our study focuses on above‐treeline ecosystems in the European Alps. NDVI changes in these ecosystems are highly sensitive to land cover and biomass changes and are marginally affected by anthropogenic disturbances. We observed widespread greening for the 2000–2020 period, a pattern that is consistent with the overall increase in summer temperature. At the local scale, the spatial variability of greening was mainly due to the preferential response of north‐facing slopes between 1900 and 2400 m. Using high‐resolution imagery, we noticed that the presence of screes and outcrops locally magnified this response. At the regional scale, we identified hotspots of greening where vegetation cover is sparser than expected given the elevation and exposure. Most of these hotspots experienced delayed snow melt and green‐up dates in recent years. We conclude that the ongoing greening in the Alps primarily reflects the high responsiveness of sparsely vegetated ecosystems that are able to benefit the most from temperature and water‐related habitat amelioration above treeline.
Climate change may interact with nitrogen fertilizer management leading to different ammonia loss in China’s croplands
Authors: Xu Xiangrui , Ouyang Xiao , Gu Yining , Cheng Kun , Smith Pete , Sun Jianfei , Li Yunpeng , Pan Genxing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite research into the response of ammonia (NH3) volatilization in farmland to various meteorological factors, the potential impact of future climate change on NH3 volatilization is not fully understood. Based on a database consisting of 1063 observations across China, nonlinear NH3 models considering crop type, meteorological, soil and management variables were established via four machine learning methods, including support vector machine, multi‐layer perceptron, gradient boosting machine and random forest (RF). The RF model had the highest R2 of 0.76 and the lowest RMSE of 0.82 kg NH3‐N ha−1, showing the best simulation capability. Results of model importance indicated that NH3 volatilization was mainly controlled by total input of N fertilizer, followed by meteorological factors, human managements and soil characteristics. The NH3 emissions of China's cereal production (paddy rice, wheat and maize) in 2018 was estimated to be 3.3 Mt NH3‐N. By 2050, NH3 volatilization will increase by 23.1−32.0% under different climate change scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways, RCPs), and climate change will have the greatest impact on NH3 volatilization in the Yangtze river agro‐region of China due to high warming effects. However, the potential increase in NH3 volatilization under future climate change can be mitigated by 26.1−47.5% through various N fertilizer management optimization options.
Prosthetic rehabilitation status, dental prosthesis functionality and masticatory function in nursing home residents
Authors: Medeiros Mariana Marinho Davino de , Figueredo Olívia Maria Costa de , Pinheiro Mayara Abreu , Oliveira Luiz Fabrício Santos de , Wanderley Rayssa Lucena , Araújo Elza Cristina Farias de , Cavalcanti Yuri Wanderley , Rodrigues Garcia Renata Cunha Matheus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association of masticatory function with prosthetic rehabilitation status and dental prosthesis functionality in nursing home residents.BackgroundProsthetic rehabilitation status and dental prosthesis functionality may adversely affect mastication of older people, and this relationship is underestimated in nursing home residents.Materials and methodsThis cross‐sectional study included 179 nursing home residents who used dental prostheses [mean (SD) age: 78.9 (9.0) years]. Masticatory function data were determined by assessing (a) masticatory performance using two‐colour chewing gum, and (b) swallowing thresholds by counting the number of peanut chewing cycles. Older adults were categorised as: (1) using dental prostheses in both jaws (n = 100) and (2) partially dentate using removable partial dental prostheses (RPDPs) or complete dentures (CDs) in only one jaw (n = 41), or (3) edentulous using CD in only one jaw (n = 38). Stability, retention, occlusion, vertical dimension and defects were considered in assessing dental prosthesis functionality.ResultsGreater variance of hue (VOH) of the chewing gum and lower swallowing thresholds (worse masticatory function) was associated with edentulous using CD in only one jaw. Older adults wearing dental prostheses with poor occlusion and vertical dimensions presented worse masticatory function. Dental prosthesis stability was associated with lower VOH values. Higher number of chewing cycles while eating peanuts was associated with non‐broken dental prosthesis use.ConclusionEdentulous participants using CD in only one jaw and non‐functional dental prosthesis use negatively affect the masticatory function of nursing home residents.
Advancing understanding of influences on cervical screening (non)‐participation among younger and older women: A qualitative study using the theoretical domains framework and the COM‐B model
Authors: O'Donovan Bernadine , Mooney Therese , Rimmer Ben , Fitzpatrick Patricia , Flannelly Grainne , Doherty Lorraine , Martin Cara , O'Leary John , O'Connor Mairead , Sharp Linda 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundEffective screening can prevent cervical cancer, but many women choose not to attend their screening tests.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate behavioural influences on cervical screening participation using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and COM‐B models of behaviour change.DesignA qualitative study and semistructured phone interviews were conducted with women invited for routine screening tests within the national cervical screening programme in Ireland.Setting and ParticipantsForty‐eight women aged 25–65 years were recruited from the national screening register.ResultsSeven core themes were identified that mapped to three COM‐B components and 11 TDF domains: (1) knowledge of cervical cancer and screening, (2) coping with smear tests, (3) competing motivational processes—automatic and reflective, (4) cognitive resources, (5) role of social support, (6) environmental influences and (7) perceputal and practical influences. A range of knowledge about screening, perceived risk of cervical cancer and human papillomavirus infection was evident. Factors that influenced screening behaviours may be hierarchical—some were assigned greater importance than others. Positive screening behaviours were linked to autonomous motivation. Deficits in physical and psychological capability (inadequate coping skills) were barriers to screening, while physical and social opportunity (e.g. healthcare professional ‘champions’) could facilitate participation. Older women raised age‐related issues (e.g. screening no longer necessary) and had more negative attitudes to screening, while younger women identified practical barriers.ConclusionsThis study provides insight into screening participation and will aid development of theoretically informed interventions to increase uptake.Patient or Public ContributionWomen invited for screening tests through the national screening programme were interviewed. A Public & Patient Involvement (PPI) Panel, established to provide input into all CERVIVA research projects, advised the research team on recruitment materials and were given the opportunity to review and comment on the interview topic guide. This panel is made up of six women with various cervical screening histories and experiences.
Microbial exopolysaccharides: role in functional food engineering and gut‐health management
Authors: Muninathan Chakravarthy , Guruchandran Srisowmeya , Viswanath Kalyan Adithya Jairam , Ganesan Nandhini Devi 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe objective of this review was to evaluate the structural and functional role of Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) in food products. EPS are biologically produced natural macromolecules that provides distinctive rheological and physicochemical properties to food matrix. Understanding the interactions of EPS with food components at the molecular level enables the application in bakery products, dairy/non‐dairy‐based functional products, processed meat, as probiotics delivery vehicles, etc. Further information at the biological level throws light on the potential use for immunomodulation, microbiota modulation, and gut‐health management. At present, though the commercial applications of these polysaccharides are limited due to lower yield, the bio‐thickening properties at lower concentrations increases its scope for structural and functional food production through ex‐vivo/in‐vivo applications. The information relating to the successful application of EPS for functional foods is scattered and the exploited structural‐functional relationships are crucial for laying further investigations to develop futuristic products. This article discusses the application of EPS in functional food products and the prospective benefits.