bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irradiation influence on the chemical composition and morphological properties of the agricultural products
Authors: Anikieva E N , Astapov A Yu , Anikiev A A , Anikieva E A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the impact of radiation treatment of agricultural products on their chemical composition, which determines the nutritional value of products, as well as on the main properties of products. The main advantages of agricultural products that have undergone radiation treatment are given, related, inter alia, to an increase in their shelf life, prevention of diseases and insect damage. The world experience of increasing the volume of radiation processing products by type in comparison with the 2010 level is considered. The main criteria for radiation processing of food products and the levels of radiation doses required for absorption by products to achieve certain technological goals are presented. The influence of radiation doses of radiation on proteins, fats, carbohydrates and vitamins in agricultural products is indicated. The influence of radiation exposure on the growth and maturation of some crops is estimated. The possibility of the influence of changes in the structure and composition of irradiated food products on the human body is emphasized. The factors that ensure the profitability of farms that use the practice of radiation processing of agricultural products when supplying them to international markets are also given. The calculations are carried out on a model of a small farm specializing in the cultivation of cucumbers and tomatoes.
Model of integrated resistant variety spring wheat for soil-climatic conditions of the Kurgan region
Authors: Evseev VV , Mikolaychik I N , Morozova L A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the conditions of resource-saving or “zero” soil cultivation, when a mass of plant residues remains on the surface of the field, the phytosanitary situation for many leaf diseases of wheat, the primary infection of which hibernates on straw, as well as root rot, has become extremely aggravated. The complication of the phytosanitary situation, especially concerning septoria and pyrenoforosis, was also facilitated by the predominantly chemical strategy of plant protection. In this situation, the selection of wheat varieties for complex resistance to leading pathogens and unfavorable environmental factors acquires relevance. The introduction of new resistant varieties into the agroecosystem allows for a change in biological diversity, expansion of the ecological niche of antagonists, and the prevalence of the stabilizing type of natural selection in pathogen populations. In this regard, the work aimed to develop a conceptual model (idiotype) of a complex resistant wheat variety to the main pathogens with traits that are responsible for optimizing the relationship of plants with pests. The main objectives of the study were to identify the immunogenetic mechanisms of local spring wheat varieties that reduce the biotic potential of harmful organisms. and restraining the rate of their adaptive population variability; development of a conceptual model of a comprehensively resistant variety and methods for selecting resistant forms of plants. For the first time, an assessment of all immunogenetic barriers can effectively and long-term protect plants from the effects of infectious and non-infectious agents. unfavorable abiotic environmental factors, as well as the analysis of the information available in the scientific literature on the mechanisms and parameters of plant resistance, a conceptual model of a variety of soft spring wheat, was developed for the conditions of the Southern Trans-Urals with resistance to a complex of phytopathogenic fungi and moisture deficit. resistance should be focused primarily on pyramiding a block of resistance genes (polygenes) with the use of appropriate techniques, on the formation of complex resistance to stressors of different childbirth. Such models have no analogs since research in this direction in regional research institutes (Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture, Chelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture, etc.) has not previously been carried out.
Assessment of the decorative qualities of species of the genus Pinus L. in the conditions of the European part of Russia
Authors: Simakhin M V , Tazina S V , Kryuchkova V A , Tazin I I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study of the decorativeness of pines, which are actively grown on the territory of the European part of Russia. Decorativeness is based on the visual perception of plant habitus. The state of the habitus depends on the genotype and adaptive characteristics in certain growing conditions. The study examined 25 decorative features of 56 species. 24 traits were related to vegetative and generative organs. 1 trait was assessed by the method of weight taxonomy as an indicator of originality of all species for 24 traits. Studies have shown that the total score on a 100-point scale of decorativeness in the studied pines varies from 40 in Pinus heldreichii Chirst and Pinus waschoensis Mason & Stockwell to 68 in Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham. The research results can be applied when choosing species for cultivation on landscaping objects to increase their aesthetic appeal.
Qualitative composition of purebred and crossbred lamb fat
Authors: Gagloev A G , Negreeva A N , Sugareva T E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The physical and chemical properties and structure of lamb fat are derived from the qualitative composition and content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Higher levels of saturated fatty acid in sheep fat increase the melting point and yield a solid lard. Characteristic fat deposition in the carcass of young sheep is closely related to meat productivity and nutritional value of mutton. The paper presents the results to prove the influence of the genotype of purebred Tsigai rams and their crosses from the Romanov, Texel and Edilbay rams. Crossbred young animals of all genotypes are proved to have an increased content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The amount of lipids in intramuscular fat in crossbred Romanov rams is 1.68% more, Texel – 13.97% and Edilbay – 21.79%, while the cholesterol content is lower by 1.47%, 6.35% and 5.21%, respectively.
Prospects for the use of fruit enhancers in bakery technology for healthy diet
Authors: Bryksina K V , Perfilova O V , Popova E I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Bread is a useful biological product that remains high in the human diet and contains a large amount of substances necessary for the human. A rational way to expand the range of functional bakery products is to integrate natural plant-based ingredients into the formulation, which will increase the nutritional value of products, improve their sensory and physicochemical characteristics, create a group of new varieties, boost production, advance the quality of raw materials with low properties and save the critical and accessory raw materials. The paper discusses the effect of fruit enhancers on the physical and chemical properties of dough and finished bakery products. The paper proposes optimal dosages of fruit powders.
Quality of technological limestone quality as an important aspect of the efficiency of sugar beet factories
Authors: Egorova M I , Puzanova L N , Nikolaeva E S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The authors studied 252 samples of limestone mined in 2014-2020 on the territory of 5 fields located in 2 regions of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. Limestone quality was assessed by the content of calcium carbonate and associated impurities. According to the results of the assessment, a number of deposits were formed in decreasing limestone quality. The highest quality was noted at the East-Bernikovskoe deposit (Tula region), containing on average 95.3% of calcium carbonate. Through the example of 10 beet sugar factories located in 5 regions of the Central Federal District, the influence of the quality of limestone on its consumption in sugar production was assessed. The authors studied the data on the consumption of limestone of the considered deposits at sugar beet factories, which was used in the period from 2014 to 2020. According to the results, a number of deposits were determined to increase the consumption of limestone in the production of sugar, which coincided with a number in terms of decreasing quality. A lower consumption of limestone was noted at beet sugar factories that used limestone from the East-Bernikovskoe (in average 3.81% during the studied period). Therefore, the choice of limestone of a certain deposit for the use in sugar production is a factor in enhancement of operating efficiency of beet sugar factories.
The optimization of table beet cultivation by using a boron-containing chelate
Authors: Shilova O V , Smirnova T I , Akimov A A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the field experiment, the possibility of optimizing the cultivation of table beet Beta vulgaris L. using a borate complex based on ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (B-EDDS) was investigated. Before sowing, beet seeds were soaked for a day in a solution of this compound, as well as in solutions of boric acid and a borate complex based on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (B-EDTA), taken for comparison, with a concentration of solutes of 1.5·10-3 mol/L. During the growing season, the plants were sprayed twice with experimental solutions at a rate of 100 ml/m2. In the first decade of August, the content of photosynthetic pigments in plant leaves and microbial carbon in the soil was determined, after harvesting, sugars and betanin in root crops were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The boron content in beet root crops was analyzed by the fluorometric method. According to the results of the two-year experiment, all three boron-containing compounds, to varying degrees, had a positive effect on the experimental plant. In decreasing efficiency, they can be arranged in a row: B-EDDS > H3BO3> B-EDTA. Treatment with the solution of borate-ethylenediamine disuccinate complex increased the boron content in root crops by 65% in comparison with treatment with boric acid. In comparison with the control variant, the sugar content in root crops increased by 37%, the content of betanin increased by 25% and the yield of root crops increased by 39%. At the same time, the mass of microbial carbon in the soil increased by 20%, which serves as one of the arguments confirming the ecological safety of the compound under study. Judging by the results of the experiment, borate-ethylenediamine disuccinate has good prospects for use as boron micronutrient fertilizer.
Food product quality and safety control based on HACCP principles
Authors: Zakharova L M , Gorbunchikova M S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The quality and safety of the resulting food product depend on many factors, including action coordination at all stages of the production process. A high level of control makes it possible to ensure it. In this sense, the HACCP system is the most suitable quality control system. The paper considers the possibility of the HACCP principles’ application to the technological process of bakery product production from wheat flour in the conditions of the Kemerovo Bread Factory. Then the authors present the possible risk analysis, identify critical points of the technological process, establish critical limits for each of the points, and define a monitoring system.
North American species of Solidago as ornamental plants and a source of promising raw plant materials
Authors: Shelepova V , Tkacheva E V , Vinogradova Yu K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A review of the role of ornamental horticulture as a vector of phytoinvasions is presented on the example of North American species of Solidago: S. canadensis L., S. gigantea Ait and S. graminifolia (L.) Salisb. The first two species were originally cultivated as ornamental plants. With changes in environmental conditions, their range expanded to the north and east of the Eurasian continent, and the lag phase lasted 100-150 years. At the end of the XX century, their secondary range covered all the Eurasian regions, they were transformed into invasive plants and were listed in the Top 100 most threatened and aggressive species that are introduced into natural phytocoenosis and pose a threat to the environment. The secondary range of S. graminifolia is represented by several scattered localities, its lag phase ends, this species is recognized as invasive only in Poland. It has now become evident that alien species can be used as new resource plants. The study of secondary metabolites composition of species of Solidago makes possible the disbursement of a wide range of flavonoids, triterpene saponins, organic acids, and various terpene compounds in their composition. The authors believe that a detailed study of the phytochemical properties and many other widespread invasive species is required in order to identify new plant resources.
Parameter optimization in satellite-based measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
Authors: Dong Qin , Huang Guoqi , Cui Wei , Jiao Rongzhen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The satellite-based measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution can promote the realization of quantum communication networks. Under the condition of the limited data set, it is necessary to optimize all parameters. For communication networks, real-time prediction and optimization are also indispensable. With the development of machine learning, cross-combination with machine learning has also become the mainstream of parameter optimization in various disciplines. This paper discusses the asymmetric MDI-QKD based on the satellite in the case of statistical fluctuations, and uses the local search algorithm to achieve full parameter optimization under the condition of considering the probability of sending the signal. Compared with fixed related parameters, the key rate is increased by an order of magnitude. On this basis, random forest is used to predict the high-precision optimal parameters, thereby eliminating the simulation and iteration required by the search method to meet the real-time optimization of the future QKD network.
Performance of weld bead profile during A-TIG welding on nitrogen alloyed stainless steel
Authors: Deep Akash , Singh Vivek , Ashutosh Som , Chandrasekaran M , Patel Dixit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAustenitic stainless steel (ASS) is widely fabricated by tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding for aesthetic look and superior mechanical properties while compared to other arc welding process. Hitherto, the limitation of this process is low depth of penetration and less productivity. To overcome this problem activated tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) welding process is employed as an alternative. In this investigation the welding performance of conventional TIG welding is compared with A-TIG process using TiO2and SiO2flux with respect to weld bead geometry. The experimental investigation on A-TIG welding of ASS-201 grade shows TiO2flux helps in achieve higher penetration as compared to SiO2flux. While welding with SiO2the hardness in HAZ and weld region higher than that of TIG welding process.
Revisiting the Relationship Between Deception and Design: A Replication and Extension of Hancock et al. (2004)
Authors: Markowitz David M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Evidence published nearly 20 years ago suggested people tell more lies per social interaction via synchronous, distributed, and recordless media (the phone) versus relatively richer (face-to-face communication) and leaner media (email, instant messaging). With nontrivial changes to the size and variety of our media landscape, it is worth re-examining the relationship between deception and technology. Over 7 days, 250 participants reported their social interactions and lies across face-to-face communication, social media, texting, the phone, video chat, and email. Replicating Hancock, Thom-Santelli, and Ritchie (2004), people told the most lies per social interaction over synchronous, distributed, and recordless media (the phone, video chat), though the effects were small and between-person effects explained more variance than between-media effects. Lying rates were also associated with aversive personality traits, plus antisocial, and relational deception motives. Together, while media options have evolved, technological design features often remain stable and indicate deception rates. Theoretical contributions are discussed.
Towards a calibrated trust-based approach to the use of facial recognition technology
Authors: Chan Gary K Y 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The use of facial recognition technology has given rise to much debate relating to issues concerning privacy infringements, bias and inaccuracies of data and outputs, possibilities of covert use, the lack of data security and the problem of function creep. Certain states and jurisdictions have called for bans and moratoria on the use of facial recognition technology. This article argues that a blanket ban on facial recognition technology would be overly precautionary without fully considering the wide range of uses and benefits of the innovation. To promote its acceptance, trust in facial recognition technology should be developed in a calibrated fashion taking into account the relative risks and benefits, risk mitigation measures and safeguards based on legal and ethical considerations. This article recommends some guidelines for a calibrated trust-based approach.
Increased microbial phytase increased phytate destruction, plasma inositol, and feed efficiency of weanling pigs, but reduced dietary calcium and phosphorus did not affect gastric pH or fecal score and reduced growth performance and bone ash
Authors: Lagos L Vanessa , Bedford Mike R , Stein Hans H 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to test two hypotheses: 1) reducing dietary Ca and P reduces gastric pH and diarrhea in weanling pigs; 2) negative effects of low Ca and P on pig growth performance may be overcome if phytase is added to the diets. A total of 320 weanling pigs (6.35 ± 0.87 kg) were allotted to eight corn-soybean meal-based diets in a randomized complete block design with five pigs per pen. Two phase 1 (days 1 to 14) control diets containing 100 or 50% of total Ca and digestible P relative to the requirement, and six diets in which 500, 2,000, or 16,000 units of phytase/kg feed (FTU) were added to each control diet were formulated. Phytase was assumed to release 0.16% total Ca and 0.11% digestible P. Common diets were fed in phases 2 (days 15 to 27) and 3 (days 28 to 42). Growth performance data were recorded within each phase. Data for fecal scores and gastrointestinal pH were recorded for phase 1. Colon content (day 14), the right femur (days 14 and 42), and blood samples (days −1, 14, 27, and 42) were collected from one pig per pen. In phase 1, reducing Ca and P did not reduce gastric pH or fecal score, but pigs fed the 50% diets had reduced (P &lt; 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared with pigs fed the 100% diets. In both 50% and 100% diets, phytase above 500 FTU increased (P &lt; 0.05) gain:feed ratio (G:F) and tended (P &lt; 0.10) to reduce gastric pH of pigs. From days 1 to 42, pigs fed the 50% diets tended (P &lt; 0.10) to have reduced ADG and ADFI compared with pigs fed the 100% diets, but among the 100% diets, pigs tended (P &lt; 0.10) to have a linear increase in G:F as phytase level increased. Pigs fed the 50% diets had reduced (P &lt; 0.05) concentrations of inositol phosphate esters (IP) in the colon and reduced bone ash (days 14 and 42) compared with pigs fed the 100% diets. Phytase did not affect bone ash or most blood metabolites. Concentrations of IP in the colon decreased, whereas plasma inositol increased (d 14; P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed diets with phytase (≥ 500 FTU). In pigs fed the 100% diets, IP in the colon linearly decreased (P &lt; 0.05), but plasma inositol linearly increased (P &lt; 0.05) with increasing levels of phytase. In conclusion, reducing Ca and P in diets for weanling pigs did not influence gastric pH or fecal score, but compromised growth performance and bone ash. However, regardless of dietary Ca and P, high doses of phytase increased phytate degradation and inositol absorption, which consequently increased G:F of pigs.
Compensation and its Limits: Can Trade’s Losers be Made Whole?
Authors: Kolben Kevin 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Free trade and global economic integration has been under pressure from populist political movements across the globe. Many of the critiques of trade relate to the losses, both economic and non-economic, that trade’s losers suffer. Many economists and trade lawyers consider the case for free trade to be unassailable and rely on the compensation principle to argue that trade is welfare maximizing if trade’s losers could be compensated such that each is as least as well off as they were before. As a corollary, they will argue that the losers of trade should be compensated for their losses through, for example, direct payments, wage insurance, job retraining, or other supports. It is further assumed that such compensation will boost support for liberal trade policy. This article argues, however, that compensation is conceptually and practically limited in its ability to in fact make trade’s losers whole and is a poor tool to build support for free trade and address the plight of trade’s losers. Instead, it is suggested that broadly targeted non-trade specific programs are preferable, as well as perhaps a reconsideration of the purpose of safeguard measures such that they may be explicitly applied in order to mitigate political opposition to trade rather than only when industries are under threat.
Identifying Novel Causes of Cancers to Enhance Cancer Prevention: New Strategies Are Needed
Authors: Brennan Paul , Davey-Smith George 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The burden of cancer from a clinical, societal, and economic viewpoint continues to increase in all parts of the world, along with much debate regarding how to confront this. Projected increases in cancer indicate a 50% increase in the number of cases over the next 2 decades, with the greatest proportional increase in low- and medium-income settings. In contrast to the historic high cancer burden due to viral and bacterial infections in these regions, future increases are expected to be due to cancers linked to westernization including breast, colorectum, lung, and prostate cancer. Identifying the reasons underlying these increases will be paramount to informing prevention efforts. Evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies conducted in high-income countries over the last 70 years has led to the conclusion that approximately 40% of the cancer burden is explained by known risk factors—the 2 most important being tobacco and obesity in that order—raising the question of what is driving the rest of the cancer burden. International cancer statistics continue to show that approximately 80% of the cancer burden in high-income countries could be preventable in principle, implying that there are important environmental or lifestyle risk factors for cancer that have not yet been discovered. Emerging genomic evidence from population and experimental studies points to an important role for nonmutagenic promoters in driving cancer incidence rates. New research strategies and infrastructures that combine population-based and laboratory research at a global level are required to break this deadlock.