bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food consumption of Indian adolescents in a globalizing world (1014.5)
Authors: Shaikh Nida , Patil Shailaja , Ramakrishnan Usha , Cunningham Solveig 
Published: June 2021

Aim: Describe the patterns of food consumption among adolescents in urbanizing environment in Bijapur city, India.Methods: A cross‐sectional, cluster design study of 399 school‐going adolescents, ages 12‐16 years, attending six middle schools in Bijapur. A 16 items Food Frequency Questionnaire was administered by an interviewer and weekly consumption of key food groups (d/wk) was calculated. T‐tests were applied to test for differences in mean food consumption between adolescent boys and girls.Results: Most commonly consumed food groups were tea/coffee (5.5 ± 2.8 d/wk), milk and milk products (4. 98 ± 2.8 d/wk), vegetables (other than green leafy vegetables (GLV)) (4.7 ± 2.3 d/wk), and packaged foods (biscuits, chips, chocolates) (4.7 ± 2.5 d/wk). Girls reported significantly (p<0.05) higher consumption (d/wk) of packaged foods (5.1 vs. 4.5), non‐GLV vegetables (5.0 vs. 4.3), ready‐to‐eat foods (1.5 vs. 0.8), and added dietary fat to prepared food (3.0 vs. 2.1) compared to boys. Boys reported significantly (p<0.05) higher consumption (d/wk) of eggs (2.0 vs. 1.5) and street foods (samosa, bhajji) (1.5 vs 0.9).Conclusions: The high energy‐dense packaged and street foods intake combined with low intakes of fruits and GLV among adolescents supports the presence of the nutrition transition in urbanizing regions of India that have implications for increased risk for non‐communicable diseases risks in adulthood.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NICHD Grant 3D43 and NIH Grant 1 R25 TW009337‐01 HD065249‐03S1 and
Lactation intensity and maternal weight loss at two months postpartum in women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus (1017.9)
Authors: Gunderson Erica , Matias Susana , Dewey Kathryn 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To evaluate the association between lactation intensity and maternal weight loss at 2 months after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) delivery.Methods: This analysis includes 960 participants (75% minority) in the Study of Women, Infant Feeding, and Type 2 Diabetes After GDM Pregnancy (SWIFT), who were diagnosed with GDM via Carpenter and Coustan criteria and delivered a live born infant of 37 weeks gestation or longer at Kaiser Permanente hospitals from 2008‐2011. We assessed lactation intensity since delivery, and estimated mean weight change (kg); defined as the difference between weight at delivery and weight at 2 months postpartum, among 5 lactation intensity groups using multiple linear regression models adjusted for pre‐pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, socio‐demographics and behaviors.Results: Of 960, 25% and 34% were exclusively and mostly breastfeeding, respectively, and 15% were exclusively formula feeding. Mean (95%CI) weight losses were ‐1.4 kg (‐2.1, ‐0.6), and ‐1.2 kg (‐1.8,‐1.5) greater for exclusively and mostly breastfeeding groups versus the exclusively formula feeding group (p<.001) in fully adjusted models.Conclusions: Intensive lactation was associated with greater weight loss within 2 months of delivery independent of lifestyle behaviors and other risk factors. Lactation may be beneficial in lowering adiposity among women at high‐risk for type 2 diabetes.Grant Funding Source: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), R01 HD050625, R01 HD050625‐03S1, a
An evaluation of restaurants in low‐income communities using the Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey for restaurants (NEMS‐R) (1019.8)
Authors: Leone Ryan , Hemmingson Kaitlyn , Remley Daniel , Zies Susan , Kattelmann Kendra , Li Yijing , Kidd Tandalayo 
Published: June 2021

As part of a multi‐state adolescent obesity project, we examined if signage, promotion, availability, quality and price of healthy food choices differed amongst sit‐down (SD), fast food (FF), or other restaurant (OT; i.e. fast casual) classifications. Restaurants (n=49) in three states were identified for audit using the validated Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey for restaurants (NEMS‐R). NEMS‐R evaluates the signage and promotion of healthy food items as well as their availability, quality and price. The standard NEMS‐R scoring rubric was utilized; higher scores indicate greater healthfulness and availability of menu items (range= ‐27 to 63). Establishments were excluded if they were not open to the general public or served predominantly to patrons over 21 years. Thirty‐one restaurants (SD=10, FF=6, OT=15) were assessed. Mean scores for SD, FF, and OT were 9.1 ±3.1, 20.8 ±19.4 and 11.3 ±17.8, respectively (min= ‐7, max= 53). Nutrition information was available at 10% of SD, 50% of FF and 60% of OT. Healthy items were promoted at 0% of SD, 17% of FF and 13% of OT. Approximately 5% of SD meals were healthy compared to 10% and 12% of FF and OT, respectively. Our results were not statistically significant warranting further study with larger samples and more statistical power. These data were easy to collect and provide an area of focus for obesity prevention efforts.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) grant #2012‐68001‐19619 from the US
Impact of a point system program in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption among university employees (1021.12)
Authors: Fernandes Nicolle , Driver Stacey , Murr Rhonda , Friesen Carol 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the effectiveness of “Colorful choices,™” a competitive, incentive‐based program aimed at improving fruit and vegetable consumption over a 4‐week period of time. Employees at a mid‐western university self‐enrolled in teams from their academic unit. Scoring was based on the team’s point average. Points were allocated as follows: vegetable servings = 2 points, fruit servings = 1 point and “Top Choice” selections (i.e., produce that may offer extra health benefits) = 1 bonus point. Point values were halved if a half‐serving was consumed. Electronic logging forms, team spreadsheets for leaders, and weekly e‐mails with recipes and tips were circulated to all team members. Although 170 participants enrolled in 18 teams, only 63% (n=107) completed the program; 10% (n=17) enrolled but never began, 10% (n=17) each dropped out after weeks 1 and 2, and 7% (n=11) after week 3. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant increase in fruit and vegetable intake between the first week and the remaining three weeks, respectively (63±4 vs.77±5, 77±5, 78±5, p=0.001). Minor gender differences were noted (F= 89, M=18); females scored higher at the end of week‐1, however, males consistently scored higher for the remainder of the program (NS). The aggregate consumption was 9,919.5 servings of vegetable (equivalent to nearly 4,000 heads of lettuce) and 8,090.5 servings of fruit (equivalent to 2,700 pounds of apples) for a total consumption of 18,010 servings of produce. Based on participant feedback, 92% (n=22) found the weekly e‐mails beneficial and 83% (n=20) made use of the recipes and tips provided. Overall, 88% (n=21) indicated that the program helped to motivate their intake of fruits and vegetables, with 96% (n=23) opting to have the program offered again. In conclusion, a simple point system coupled with motivational weekly e‐mails in a competitive environment may favorably influence fruit and vegetable consumption among university employees.Grant Funding Source: Working Well, Health Enhancement Program, Ball State University
My Plate visual mobile application device for college students’ food intake tracking (1022.10)
Authors: Teo Yi Min , Pimentel Teresa , Wong Siew Sun , Cluskey Mary , Dorbolo Jon , Dinsmore Mark , Flynn Rebecca 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Test the feasibility of a mobile application to track college students' food intake.Materials and Methods: The mobile app used a MyPlate visual concept for food data entry with a built‐in serving size estimation guide. Each user was instructed to record food intake by tapping the corresponding food group on the visual plate for each serving consumed. Subjects photographed and described their meal type, place and time of consumption and satiety upon completion. Eleven students (36% female, aged 18‐21) having two 3‐day food records participated in this feasibility study in Feb‐Mar 2013, including one online survey and a focus group). Meal photos were compared to meal descriptions, food groups, and serving sizes.Results: The mobile app was convenient to use however, meal photos were incomplete. Suggested improvements included: 1) increase number of functions (e.g. caloric intake display); 2) enable viewing and editing of past entries (e.g, to adjust for dates and times and add forgotten foods; 3) a photo‐tagging system to match photos to corresponding meal data; and 4) increase text length for meal description.Conclusion: Using MyPlate visual for dietary tracking is a feasible approach for college students who were familiar with food recordkeeping.Grant Funding Source: PacificSource Healthcare
Predictors of overweight or obesity in school age children in Shanghai,China (1024.4)
Authors: Xiong Jianjing , Must Aviva , Wang Xiangdong , Gu Zhengyi , Xu Wenyan , Zhang Fangfang 
Published: June 2021

Background. Childhood obesity is increasing dramatically in China, with causes presumed to be complex and as yet poorly understood. Identifying modifiable behavior risk factors can inform important insights into obesity intervention in school‐age children in China.Methods. We assessed the trend of overweight and obesity in school‐age children in Shanghai from 2009 to 2012, and examined the contribution of diet and physical activity to the risk of overweight/obesity. Eight hundred and seventeen subjects from seven elementary schools in the Zhabei District of Shanghai, China were selected using stratified cluster sampling. Weight and height were measured by trained community health workers. A self‐administered lifestyle survey assessing diet and physical activity was completed by subjects’ caregivers. Overweight was defined as BMI z‐score >1 and 蠄2, and obesity was defined as BMI z‐score >2, according to the WHO definitions.Results. Six hundred and eight‐six (84.0%) subjects had complete information on weight, height and lifestyle measures for all years 2009‐2012. The prevalence of overweight/obesity increased from 33.5% in 2009 to 41.7% in 2012 (an absolute 24.5% increase over the four‐year study period). Low vegetable consumption (grams/day per Kg of weight) (β =0.06, 95%CI: 0.03‐0.09), low fruit consumption (times/week per Kg of weight) (β =1.99,95%CI: 1.15‐2.83) and high screen time (hours/day) (β =0.22, 95%CI: 0.04‐0.41) were significantly associated with a high BMI z‐score at the final follow‐up, after adjusting for sex, age, parents’ education level.Conclusions. Obesity is a significant public health problem in school age children in Shanghai, China. Increasing vegetables and fruits intake and reducing sedentary behavior may represent promising targets for intervention in this population group.
The impact of nutritional status on morbidities in mechanically ventilated critically ill children in PICUs (1024.8)
Authors: Bechard Lori , Duggan Christopher , Touger‐Decker Riva , Parrott J , Rothpletz‐Puglia Pamela , Byham‐Gray Laura , Heyland Daren , Mehta Nilesh 
Published: June 2021

Mechanically ventilated children in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) are at risk for hospital‐acquired infections (HAI) and prolonged hospitalizations. We performed a multicenter, international cohort study to determine the unique contribution of nutritional status to clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated children in PICUs (N=1622). Nutritional status was 17.9% underweight (BMI Z score < ‐2), 54.2% normal weight (BMI Z score > ‐2 and <1), 14.5% overweight (BMI Z score > 1 and < 2), and 13.4% obese (BMI Z score > 2). Prevalence of HAI, length of stay, and ventilator‐free days (VFD) were evaluated using multivariate analyses, controlling for diagnosis, admission type, PICU location and size. Compared to normal weight, risk for HAI was significantly higher in underweight (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.16, 2.75; p=.008), overweight (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.04, 1.73; p=.02), and obese children (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.09, 2.05; p=.01). Hazard ratios for hospital discharge were significantly lower among underweight (HR 0.71; 95% CI 0.61, 0.84; p<.001) and obese (HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.68, 0.96; p=.02) compared to normal weight children. Underweight was associated with significantly fewer VFD than normal weight (p<.001), overweight (p<.001), and obesity (p=.03). Nutritional status is an important contributor to morbidities in the PICU. Future studies exploring outcomes related to nutritional status during PICU admissions are needed.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Jean Hankin Nutritional Epidemiology award from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietet
Dynamic effects of diet diversity and breastfeeding on weight in months 6‐24 of life (1024.9)
Authors: Wright Melecia , Adair Linda 
Published: June 2021

Nutrition is a primary contributor to infant growth. We estimated the association of diet diversity and weight in 6‐24 month old infants. Breastfeeding, dietary and weight data collected bimonthly in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (n=3080) were analyzed using a random‐effects longitudinal regression model. Diet diversity (based on 7 food groups) was classified as low (<3 food groups) or high (3+ groups) for each survey. As time‐varying exposures, diet diversity and any breastfeeding (yes/no) captured the dynamic nature of the diet. Interactions between breastfeeding, age and diet diversity were also included in the model. Weight was measured in kg. We adjusted for fixed (sex, maternal SES, height &amp; education) and time‐varying (diarrheal/respiratory illness) variables.Diet diversity (β=0.23, p<0.05) and breastfeeding (β=0.48, p<0.05) positively contributed to weight. When interactions between breastfeeding status, age and diet diversity were predicted, exclusively‐breastfed babies weighed the most at 6 months but were just as heavy as mixed fed babies by 10 months. Non‐breastfed babies fed a diverse diet weighed the least from 6‐16 months. Weights in the subgroups were indistinguishable after 16 months. The results illustrate the importance of exclusive breastfeeding in the earliest months of life and the need for time‐sensitive introduction of nutritious complementary foods.Grant Funding Source: Supported by an educational grant from Wyeth Nutrition
Plasma fetuin‐A and phosphofetuin‐A (Ser312) responses to a single or short‐term repeated bout of exercise in obese and normal‐weight individuals (1028.2)
Authors: Mathews Suresh , Ren Guang , He Xiaoming , Bowers Robert , Araya‐Ramirez Felipe , Littlefield Laurel , Grandjean Peter 
Published: June 2021

Fetuin‐A, an inhibitor of insulin‐stimulated insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (IR‐TK) and glucose uptake, has been shown to be associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and incident diabetes. In circulation, fetuin‐A exists in both phosphorylated and dephosphorylated forms. Phosphorylation status of fetuin‐A has been shown to be critical for its IR‐TK inhibitory activity. The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of single and repeated bouts of exercise on serum total fetuin‐A and phosphofetuin‐A (Ser312) in obese individuals. 31 obese and 11 normal‐weight men underwent a single bout of treadmill walking expending 500 kcals. Insulin, glucose, HOMA, QUICKI, and glucose/insulin ratio were not altered immediately after or 24 hours following a single bout of exercise. Total fetuin‐A concentrations were significantly elevated immediately after exercise, which decreased to pre‐exercise levels in the recovery period (24 hours after the single bout of exercise). Area under the curve for serum total fetuin‐A, phosphofetuin‐A, glucose, and insulin during an oral glucose tolerance test was significantly decreased 24 hours after a single bout of exercise. Next, we investigated the influence of repeated bouts of exercise, expending 350 kcal each session, on four consecutive days. Compared to baseline, insulin and HOMA‐IR were decreased significantly on days 2, 3, and 24 hours following the last bout of exercise. Unlike total fetuin‐A, serum phosphofetuin‐A levels were decreased significantly 24 hours after the last bout of exercise. Taken together, these results suggest that the observed lowering of serum phosphofetuin‐A (Ser312) levels, 24 hours after a single or short‐term repeated bout of exercise, in obese individuals, may contribute to the improvement of insulin sensitivity.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station Grants Program
Trend and features of top 100 grossing health and fitness iPhone apps (1028.5)
Authors: Meng Yu , Wong Siew Sun 
Published: June 2021

There is a fast‐growing trend in using smartphone apps and wearable devices to track health and fitness. Consumer health apps quadrupled from 3,000 in 2010 to 13,600 in 2012. As of Oct 2013, about half of the top 100 grossing health and fitness apps in the Apple Store were designed to track physical activities (PA), especially cardio fitness. Forty percent of them specifically track running, and 12% cycling. The remaining 48% health and fitness apps track other activities, such as strength training, including yoga. Aside from using wireless wearable device, many of these apps automatically tracks PA using the built‐in Global Positioning System (GPS), accelerometers, and environment sensor in the smartphone. Otherwise users self‐report their PA using these apps to track their progress. Popular features of these PA apps include real‐time data storage, goal setting, feedback, social networking, and synchronization with wearable devices. There was no evidence that these top 100 grossing apps have been validated for scientific research use. To align technology advancement with vigorous research, academic researchers should highly consider partnering more closely with the industry to conduct large‐scale, multilevel approach, longer‐term interventions.Grant Funding Source: PacificSource Healthcare
Relationship of triglyceride levels with A1C and adiponectin in Haitian Americans with type 2 diabetes (1029.4)
Authors: Antwi Janet , Cheema Amanpreet , Ajabshir Sahar , Exebio Joel , Zarini Gustavo , Vaccaro Joan , Huffman Fatma 
Published: June 2021

Background: Increased serum levels of triglycerides may dysregulate metabolic processes. We investigated the associations of triglyceride levels with Hemoglobin A1C (A1C) and adiponectin in Haitian Americans with type 2 diabetes.Methods: This is a cross‐sectional study of 140 Haitian Americans with type 2 diabetes. Following informed consent, information on sociodemographics, dietary and lifestyle factors were obtained. Serum triglyceride levels were assayed by enzymatic methods. Percentages for A1C were measured from whole blood samples using Roche Tina Quant method. Serum adiponectin was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Serum triglyceride levels were inversely associated with adiponectin levels (β = ‐0.238, p = 0.007), positively associated with A1C (β = 0.172, p = 0.046), and milk consumption (β = 0.215, p = 0.013). Serum triglyceride levels were significantly associated with TV watching (β = 0.273, p = 0.001).Conclusion: Elevated serum triglyceride levels need to be identified early in the management of type 2 diabetes in Haitian Americans to prevent diabetes complications. Dietary and lifestyle factors may independently modulate triglyceride levels.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH/NIDDK sponsored grant.
Effects of pregnancy vitamin D status on adipose tissue development and inflammation in lean, male adult mice offspring (1037.4)
Authors: Belenchia Anthony , Jones Karen , Beversdorf David , Will Matthew , Vieira‐Potter Victoria , Scroggins Rebecca , Peterson Catherine 
Published: June 2021

The bioactive form of vitamin D, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D, and its receptor have been identified for a role in preadipocyte differentiation to adipocytes through the modulation of adipogenic transcript factor genes. We sought to determine if maternal vitamin D status influences adipose tissue development or inflammation in adult offspring. Female C57BL/6J mice were randomized to either a vitamin D deficient diet or a control diet (AIN‐93G) for 21 days prior to mating and maintained on this diet throughout pregnancy until postnatal (PN) day 7, at which point both dietary groups were switched to the control diet. At PN day 75, perigonadal (PGAT) and subcutaneous (SQAT) adipose tissue were collected from adult male offspring for general histology and mRNA expression of adipogenic genes. Serum was also collected. There were no differences between groups in whole body weight, fat pad weights, or adipocyte size or number. Mice born to vitamin D deficient dams had elevated serum concentrations of the pro‐inflammatory markers interleukin‐2 and resistin. Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy does not appear to influence the development of adipose in lean male offspring maintained on a standard diet; however, increases in circulating resistin, an adipose‐derived protein, suggests an adipocyte response.Grant Funding Source: Supported by: UM Research Investment Fund and SIRC Research Grant
Dried plum snacking influences nutrient intake in individuals with metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and overweight (1040.1)
Authors: Reiter Benjamin , Clayton Zachary , Fusco Elizabeth , Kass Lisa , Carpenter Jennifer , Hooshmand Shirin , Hong Mee Young , Kern Mark 
Published: June 2021

Dietary intake is an important modifiable risk factor for the metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and overweight. Dried plums are nutrient‐dense and promote modest acute glycemic and insulinemic responses, which are considered favorable for these populations. Twenty‐one adults meeting the criteria for the metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, or clinical overweight consumed a whole food (dried plums;n=11) or refined (low‐fat muffins;n=10) snack, twice daily for eight weeks. Snacks provided 100 kcal/feeding and were similar in macronutrients but differed in fiber and other constituents. Intake was assessed via multiple 24‐hour food recalls obtained prior to and during the test food intervention. Dried plum consumers ingested greater (p<0.05) daily amounts of potassium, copper, and magnesium during the intervention period than pre‐intervention, whereas muffin eaters exhibited no significant differences in those nutrients but increased thiamin, riboflavin and iron intake. The muffin group consumed more energy during the intervention period than pre‐intervention (p<0.05, 95% CI∆ 61 to 762). Results suggest that proper snack selection is a viable avenue for improving dietary intake in the populations studied.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the California Dried Plum Board