bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHRONO and DEC1/DEC2 compensate for lack of CRY1/CRY2 in expression of coherent circadian rhythm but not in generation of circadian oscillation in the neonatal mouse SCN
Authors: Ono Daisuke , Honma Ken-ichi , Schmal Christoph , Takumi Toru , Kawamoto Takeshi , Fujimoto Katsumi , Kato Yukio , Honma Sato 
Published: September 2021

AbstractClock genes Cry1 and Cry2, inhibitory components of core molecular feedback loop, are regarded as critical molecules for the circadian rhythm generation in mammals. A double knockout of Cry1 and Cry2 abolishes the circadian behavioral rhythm in adult mice under constant darkness. However, robust circadian rhythms in PER2::LUC expression are detected in the cultured suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of Cry1/Cry2 deficient neonatal mice and restored in adult SCN by co-culture with wild-type neonatal SCN. These findings led us to postulate the compensatory molecule(s) for Cry1/Cry2 deficiency in circadian rhythm generation. We examined the roles of Chrono and Dec1/Dec2 proteins, the suppressors of Per(s) transcription similar to CRY(s). Unexpectedly, knockout of Chrono or Dec1/Dec2 in the Cry1/Cry2 deficient mice did not abolish but decoupled the coherent circadian rhythm into three different periodicities or significantly shortened the circadian period in neonatal SCN. DNA microarray analysis for the SCN of Cry1/Cry2 deficient mice revealed substantial increases in Per(s), Chrono and Dec(s) expression, indicating disinhibition of the transactivation by BMAL1/CLOCK. Here, we conclude that Chrono and Dec1/Dec2 do not compensate for absence of CRY1/CRY2 in the circadian rhythm generation but contribute to the coherent circadian rhythm expression in the neonatal mouse SCN most likely through integration of cellular circadian rhythms.
Immunomodulatory effects of thalidomide in an experimental brain death liver donor model
Authors: Santana Alexandre Chagas , Andraus Wellington , Silva Filipe Miranda Oliveira , Dellê Humberto , Pepineli Rafael , de Moraes Edvaldo Leal , Scavone Cristoforo , de Sá Lima Larissa , Degaspari Sabrina , Brasil Sergio , Solla Davi Jorge Fontoura , Ruiz Liliane Moreira , de Oliveira-Braga Karina Andrighetti , Nepomuceno Natalia Aparecida , Pêgo-Fernandes Paulo Manuel , Tullius Stefan Gunther , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBrain death is characterized by a generalized inflammatory response that results in multiorgan damage. This process is mainly mediated through cytokines, which amplify graft immunogenicity. We investigated the immunological response in a brain death liver donor model and analysed the effects of thalidomide, a drug with powerful immunomodulatory properties. Brain death was induced in male Lewis rats. We studied three groups: Control (sham-operated rats in which trepanation was performed without inserting the balloon catheter), BD (rats subjected to brain death by increasing intracranial pressure) and BD + Thalid (BD rats receiving thalidomide after brain death). After 6 h, serum levels of AST, ALT, LDH, and ALP as well as systemic and hepatic levels of TNF-α, IL1-β, IL-6, and IL-10 were analysed. We also determined the mRNA expression of MHC Class I and Class II, NF-κB, and macrophage infiltration. NF-κB was also examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Thalidomide treatment significantly reduced serum levels of hepatic enzymes and TNF-α, IL-1-β, and IL-6. These cytokines were evaluated at either the mRNA expression or protein level in liver tissue. In addition, thalidomide administration resulted in a significant reduction in macrophages, MHC Class I and Class II, and NF-κB activation. This study reveals that thalidomide significantly inhibited the immunologic response and graft immunogenicity, possibly through suppression of NF-κB activation.
A nested case–control study of risk for pulmonary embolism in the general trauma population using nationwide trauma registry data in Japan
Authors: Iriyama Hiroki , Komori Akira , Kainoh Takako , Kondo Yutaka , Naito Toshio , Abe Toshikazu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPost-trauma patients are at great risk of pulmonary embolism (PE), however, data assessing specific risk factors for post-traumatic PE are scarce. This was a nested case–control study using the Japan Trauma Data Bank between 2004 and 2017. We enrolled patients aged ≥ 16 years, Injury Severity Score ≥ 9, and length of hospital stay ≥ 2 days, with PE and without PE, using propensity score matching. We conducted logistic regression analyses to examine risk factors for PE. We included 719 patients with PE and 3595 patients without PE. Of these patients, 1864 [43.2%] were male, and their median Interquartile Range (IQR) age was 73 [55–84] years. The major mechanism of injury was blunt (4282 [99.3%]). Median [IQR] Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 10 [9–18]. In the multivariate analysis, the variables spinal injury [odds ratio (OR), 1.40 (1.03–1.89)]; long bone open fracture in upper extremity and lower extremity [OR, 1.51 (1.06–2.15) and OR, 3.69 (2.89–4.71), respectively]; central vein catheter [OR, 2.17 (1.44–3.27)]; and any surgery [OR, 4.48 (3.46–5.81)] were independently associated with PE. Spinal injury, long bone open fracture in extremities, central vein catheter placement, and any surgery were risk factors for post-traumatic PE. Prompt initiation of prophylaxis is needed for patients with such trauma.
Comparison of the impact of chronic corticosteroid therapy on critical care outcomes of COVID-19 patients with and without history of chronic liver disease
Authors: Liaquat Hammad , Shupp Brittney , Rollins Samantha , Schneider Yecheskel , Matin Ayaz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere is a paucity of studies investigating the impact of chronic corticosteroid use for coexisting conditions in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Additionally, the information regarding the impact of chronic liver disease (CLD) on COVID-19 outcomes is evolving. Our study aims to investigate hospitalization outcomes of patients with COVID-19 on long term corticosteroids for coexisting conditions while also seeking to compare outcomes between such patients with a history of CLD to analyze the impact on mortality. We conducted a retrospective chart review across our 10-hospital network identifying patients on chronic corticosteroids (Prednisone ≥ 5 mg daily dose or equivalent dose of another steroid, for a duration of 30 days or more) who were hospitalized with COVID-19 from March 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020. Of these patients who met inclusion criteria, patients were then divided into groups based upon their history of CLD. Primary outcomes of the study looked to investigate the hospitalization outcomes of patients with a history of CLD and comorbid conditions requiring chronic corticosteroid use. Secondary outcomes sought to further investigate risk factors for mortality in our study sample. 837 charts were reviewed. 139 patients met inclusion criteria of which 34 patients had a history of CLD. Statistical analysis demonstrated no difference in length of hospital stay but increased ICU admission rate in the CLD group (41.2% vs 23.8%). No statistically significant difference was seen in between the CLD and non-CLD groups in term of complication rates and 28-day mortality. However, chronic corticosteroids patients were found to have higher rates of ICU admission and overall 28-day and ICU mortality in comparison to patients who were not on chronic corticosteroids prior to COVID-19 hospitalization. The larger contributor to COVID-19 severity was likely chronic corticosteroid use rather than CLD and thus chronic corticosteroid use should be limited throughout the COVID-19 pandemic especially in patients with additional speculated risk factors for COVID-19 such as CLD.
Discovery of a multiphase O VI and O VII absorber in the circumgalactic/intergalactic transition region
Authors: Ahoranta Jussi , Finoguenov Alexis , Bonamente Massimiliano , Tilton Evan , Wijers Nastasha , Muzahid Sowgat , Schaye Joop 
Published: September 2021

Aims. The observational constraints on the baryon content of the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) rely almost entirely on far ultraviolet (FUV) measurements. However, cosmological, hydrodynamical simulations predict strong correlations between the spatial distributions of FUV and X-ray absorbing WHIM. We investigate this prediction by analyzing XMM-Newton X-ray counterparts of FUV-detected intergalactic O VI absorbers known from FUSE and HST/STIS data, thereby aiming to gain understanding on the properties of the hot component of FUV absorbers and to compare this information to the predictions of simulations.
Methods. We study the X-ray absorption at the redshift of the only significantly detected O VI absorber in the Ton S 180 sightline’s FUV spectrum, found at zOVI = 0.04579 ± 0.00001. We characterize the spectral properties of the O VI-O VIII absorbers and explore the ionization processes behind the measured absorption. The observational results are compared to the predicted warm-hot gas properties in the EAGLE simulation to infer the physical conditions of the absorber.
Results. We detect both O VI and O VII absorption at a 5σ confidence level, whereas O VIII absorption is not significantly detected. Collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) modeling constrains the X-ray absorbing gas temperature to log TCIE (K) = 6.22 ± 0.05 with a total hydrogen column density NH = 5.8−2.2+3.0 × Z⊙/Zabs × 1019 cm−2. This model predicts an O VI column density consistent with that measured in the FUV, but our limits on the O VI line width indicate > 90% likelihood that the FUV-detected O VI arises from a different, cooler phase. We find that the observed absorber lies about a factor of two further away from the detected galaxies than is the case for similar systems in EAGLE
Conclusions. The analysis suggests that the detected O VI and O VII trace two different – warm and hot – gas phases of the absorbing structure at z ≈ 0.046, of which the hot component is likely in collisional ionization equilibrium. As the baryon content information of the studied absorber is primarily imprinted in the X-ray band, understanding the abundance of similar systems helps to define the landscape for WHIM searches with future X-ray telescopes. Our results highlight the crucial role of line widths for the interpretation and detectability of WHIM absorbers.
Auto-RSM: An automated parameter-selection algorithm for the RSM map exoplanet detection algorithm
Authors: Dahlqvist C.-H. , Cantalloube F. , Absil O. 
Published: September 2021

Context. Most of the high-contrast imaging (HCI) data-processing techniques used over the last 15 years have relied on the angular differential imaging (ADI) observing strategy, along with subtraction of a reference point spread function (PSF) to generate exoplanet detection maps. Recently, a new algorithm called regime switching model (RSM) map has been proposed to take advantage of these numerous PSF-subtraction techniques; RSM uses several of these techniques to generate a single probability map. Selection of the optimal parameters for these PSF-subtraction techniques as well as for the RSM map is not straightforward, is time consuming, and can be biased by assumptions made as to the underlying data set.
Aims. We propose a novel optimisation procedure that can be applied to each of the PSF-subtraction techniques alone, or to the entire RSM framework.
Methods. The optimisation procedure consists of three main steps: (i) definition of the optimal set of parameters for the PSF-subtraction techniques using the contrast as performance metric, (ii) optimisation of the RSM algorithm, and (iii) selection of the optimal set of PSF-subtraction techniques and ADI sequences used to generate the final RSM probability map.
Results. The optimisation procedure is applied to the data sets of the exoplanet imaging data challenge, which provides tools to compare the performance of HCI data-processing techniques. The data sets consist of ADI sequences obtained with three state-of-the-art HCI instruments: SPHERE, NIRC2, and LMIRCam. The results of our analysis demonstrate the interest of the proposed optimisation procedure, with better performance metrics compared to the earlier version of RSM, as well as to other HCI data-processing techniques.
Extension Block Pinning versus percutaneous Fragment Reduction with a Towel Clip and extension Block Pinning with direct Pin Fixation for Treatment of Mallet Fracture
Authors: Lee Jae Hoon , Chung Duke Whan , Baek Jong Hun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurpose This study compared the clinical and radiographic results between extension block pinning (Group A) and percutaneous reduction of the dorsal fragment with a towel clip followed by extension block pinning with direct pin fixation (Group B) for the treatment of mallet fractures.Patients and Methods A total of 69 patients (group A = 34 patients, group B = 35 patients) who underwent operative treatment for mallet fractures from June 2008 to November 2017 with ≥ 6 months post-surgical follow-up were analysed retrospectively. The extent of subluxation of the distal interphalangeal joint, articular involvement of fracture fragment, fracture gap, and articular step-off were examined on plain radiographs before and after surgery. The functional outcomes were evaluated with the Crawford rating system.Results The postoperative step-offs were 0.16 mm in group A and 0.01 mm in group B. Group B had a significantly better anatomical outcome than group A. Five patients in group A had a loss of reduction. Among them, two had malunion and post-traumatic arthritis. Meanwhile, no patients in group B presented with loss of reduction and nonunion. The mean extension lags were 4.2° in group A and 1.6° in group B. However, functional outcome did not differ between the two groups at the final follow-up.Conclusion Fracture reduction using a towel clip and extension block pinning with direct pin insertion for mallet fracture facilitated the anatomical reduction of fragments, and allowed for stable fixation of fragments. Compared with extension block pinning technique, this technique has shown better anatomical results and stability, but not better clinical results.
Eine Frage der Strategie
Authors: Kasper Nico 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie wirtschaftliche Situation der Krankenhäuser hat sich durch Corona noch verschlimmert. Viele Kliniken wissen nicht, wie sie wettbewerbsfähig bleiben sollen. Eine Aufgabe, die sich künftig nicht allein mit Sparzwang lösen lassen wird.
Mit Kennzahlen Pflegeprozesse steuern
Authors: Fessler Jenny S. , Fröhlich Martin R. , Angerer Alfred , Bode Karsten 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der Automobilindustrie ist es Usus, Prozesse anhand von Kennzahlen zu steuern. Im Krankenhaus liegen diese Möglichkeiten oft noch brach. Lesen Sie, wie Abteilungsleitungen in der Schweiz anhand des Management-Cockpits Zahlen lesen, interpretieren und Maßnahmen daraus ableiten.
Trichloroacetimidate-Triggered Expeditious and Novel Synthesis of N-Acylbenzotriazoles
Authors: Tiwari Vinod K. , Yadav Mangal S. , Jaiswal Manoj K. , Kumar Sunil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA facile route for the synthesis of a diverse range of N-acylbenzotriazole derivatives from the corresponding carboxylic acids has been established through a carbonyl activation pathway. In this method, trichloroacetonitrile is performed as an effective reagent for an easy access of N-acylbenzotriazoles which was simply proceeded through the activation of carboxylic acids via in situ imidate formation in anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane followed by addition of 1H-benzotriazole at 80 °C for 3–4 h. Easy handling, one-pot, and metal-free conditions demonstrate the notable merits of the devised protocol.
Development of Prediction Models for Unplanned Hospital Readmission within 30 Days Based on Common Data Model: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Yoo Sooyoung , Choi Jinwook , Ryu Borim , Kim Seok 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Unplanned hospital readmission after discharge reflects low satisfaction and reliability in care and the possibility of potential medical accidents, and is thus indicative of the quality of patient care and the appropriateness of discharge plans.
Objectives The purpose of this study was to develop and validate prediction models for all-cause unplanned hospital readmissions within 30 days of discharge, based on a common data model (CDM), which can be applied to multiple institutions for efficient readmission management.
Methods Retrospective patient-level prediction models were developed based on clinical data of two tertiary general university hospitals converted into a CDM developed by Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership. Machine learning classification models based on the LASSO logistic regression model, decision tree, AdaBoost, random forest, and gradient boosting machine (GBM) were developed and tested by manipulating a set of CDM variables. An internal 10-fold cross-validation was performed on the target data of the model. To examine its transportability, the model was externally validated. Verification indicators helped evaluate the model performance based on the values of area under the curve (AUC).
Results Based on the time interval for outcome prediction, it was confirmed that the prediction model targeting the variables obtained within 30 days of discharge was the most efficient (AUC of 82.75). The external validation showed that the model is transferable, with the combination of various clinical covariates. Above all, the prediction model based on the GBM showed the highest AUC performance of 84.14 ± 0.015 for the Seoul National University Hospital cohort, yielding in 78.33 in external validation.
Conclusions This study showed that readmission prediction models developed using machine-learning techniques and CDM can be a useful tool to compare two hospitals in terms of patient-data features.
A State-of-the Art Review of SNOMED CT Terminology Binding and Recommendations for Practice and Research
Authors: Rossander Anna , Lindsköld Lars , Ranerup Agneta , Karlsson Daniel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Unambiguous sharing of data requires information models and terminology in combination, but there is a lack of knowledge as to how they should be combined, leading to impaired interoperability.
Objectives To facilitate creation of guidelines for SNOMED CT terminology binding we have performed a literature review to find existing recommendations and expose knowledge gaps. The primary audience is practitioners and researchers working with terminology binding.
Methods PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for papers containing “terminology binding,” “subset,” “map,” “information model” or “implement” and the term “SNOMED.”
Results The search yielded 616 unique papers published from 2004 to 2020, from which 55 papers were selected and analyzed inductively. Topics described in the papers include problems related to input material, SNOMED CT, information models, and lack of appropriate tools as well as recommendations regarding competence.
Conclusion Recommendations are given for practitioners and researchers. Many of the stated problems can be solved by better co-operation between domain experts and informaticians and better knowledge of SNOMED CT. Settings where these competences either work together or where staff with knowledge of both act as brokers are well equipped for terminology binding. Tooling is not thoroughly researched and might be a possible way to facilitate terminology binding.
Investigation of Ultrasound as a Diagnostic Imaging Modality for Little League Shoulder
Authors: Fehr Shayne , Whealy Gunnar , Liu Xue-Cheng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective Ultrasound (US) is an established imaging modality in adult sports medicine but is not commonly used in the diagnosis of pediatric sports conditions, such as Little League shoulder (LLS). This study was conducted to determine the reliability of US measurement of width of the physis at the proximal humerus in diagnosed LLS and to compare US to radiography (RA) in detecting a difference between the affected (dominant) (A) and unaffected (U) shoulders.
Materials and Methods Ten male baseball players diagnosed with LLS were enrolled in the study. US images of the proximal humeral physis at the greater tuberosity of both shoulders were obtained by an US-trained sports medicine physician, and the physeal width was measured. Blinded to prior measurements, a separate physician performed measurements on the stored US images. Measurements were compared with RA on the anteroposterior (AP) view for both A and U at the time of the initial visit and for A at follow-up.
Results The physeal width (mm) at A and U at the initial visit averaged 5.94 ± 1.69 and 4.36 ± 1.20 respectively on RA, and 4.15 ± 1.12 and 3.40 ± 0.85 on US. Median difference of averaged US measurements between A and U at initial evaluation was 0.75 mm (p = 0.00016). A linear model showed US measurements to be predictive of RA on A (R2 = 0.51) and U (R2 = 0.48).
Conclusion US was able to reliably measure the width of the proximal humeral physis and detect a difference between A and U. US correlated well with RA (standard for LLS). US should be considered by the US-trained physician for the diagnosis of LLS.
Expanding the Spectrum of EEG Periodic Discharges in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: A Case Report
Authors: Aleksandrova Iliyana , Asenova Asya , Deneva Daniela , Bojinova Veneta 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Atypical electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities emerge in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), especially in cases with an atypical clinical presentation that can lead to diagnostic difficulties.
Case Report In this article, we presented a case of SSPE with an atypical onset with epileptic seizures and Parkinson's features. The neurological examination during the initial evaluation of the patient showed extrapyramidal syndrome, hyperreflexia, intention tremor, and dysmetria. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging was normal. Video EEGs were performed in wakefulness and sleep. In wakefulness, multiple brief seizures (1–1.5 seconds were recorded, consisting of gradual bending of the body forward and to the right that lacked the sudden characteristic of myoclonia. During those episodes, we recorded generalized epileptiform activity of 4 or 5 sharp waves, with higher amplitude in the anterior regions, in some of the paroxysms superimposed on a slow wave or followed by a high amplitude slow wave. The paroxysms appeared periodically every 15 to 30 seconds. However, 2 months later, the EEG showed typical periodic generalized activity of biphasic/triphasic slow waves (Radermecker complexes), accompanied by myoclonias.
Conclusion We reported a peculiar EEG pattern in a patient with SSPE that consists of periodic generalized activity of sharp waves. Atypical EEG patterns can appear when the disease progresses, but initially too, before typical periodic complexes and can complicate the diagnostic process.