bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective hippocampal subfield volume reductions in World Trade Center responders with cognitive impairment
Authors: Deri Yael , Clouston Sean A. P. , DeLorenzo Christine , Gardus John D. , Horton Megan , Tang Cheuk , Pellecchia Alison C. , Santiago‐Michels Stephanie , Carr Melissa A. , Gandy Sam , Sano Mary , Bromet Evelyn J. , Lucchini Roberto G. , Luft Benjamin J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to investigate associations between dementia in World Trade Center (WTC) responders and in vivo volumetric measures of hippocampal subfield volumes in WTC responders at midlife.MethodsA sample of 99 WTC responders was divided into dementia and unimpaired groups. Participants underwent structural T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Volumetric measures included the overall hippocampus and eight subfields. Regression models examined volumetric measure of interest adjusting for confounders including intracranial volume.ResultsDementia was associated with smaller hippocampal volume and with reductions across hippocampal subfields. Smaller hippocampal subfield volumes were associated with longer cumulative time worked at the WTC. Domain‐specific cognitive performance was associated with lower volumetric measures across hippocampal subregions.ConclusionsThis is the first study to investigate hippocampal subfield volumes in a sample of WTC responders at midlife. Selective hippocampal subfield volume reductions suggested abnormal cognition that were associated with WTC exposure duration.
What shapes the range edge of a dominant African savanna tree, Colophospermum mopane? A demographic approach
Authors: Stevens Nicola 
Published: March 2021

AbstractClimate is widely assumed to be the primary process that limits the distribution ranges of plants. Yet, savannas have vegetation not at equilibrium with climate, instead its structure and function are shaped by interactions between fire, herbivory, climate, and vegetation. I use the rich literature of a dominant African savanna woody plant, Colophospermum mopane, to demonstrate that climate and disturbance interact with each demographic stage to shape this species range limits. This synthesis highlights that climate‐based predictions for the range of C. mopane inadequately represents the processes that shape its distribution. Instead, seed bank depletion and rainfall limitation create a demographic bottleneck at the early seedling stage. The legacy of top‐kill from disturbance changes tree stand architecture causing a critical limitation in seed supply. Exposure to top‐kill at all demographic stages causes a vigorous resprouting response and shifts tree architecture from that of 1–2 stemmed tall trees to that of a short multi‐stemmed shrub. The shorter, multi‐stemmed shrubs are below the height threshold (4 m) at which they can produce seeds, resulting in shrub‐dominated landscapes that are effectively sterile. This effect is likely most pronounced at the range edge where top‐kill‐inducing disturbances increase in frequency. The proposed mechanistic, demographic‐based understanding of C. mopane's range limits highlights the complexity of processes that interact to shape its range edges. This insight serves as a conceptual model for understanding the determinants of range limits of other dominant woody savannas species living in disturbance limited ecosystems.
Phylogeography of the northernmost distributed Anisocentropus caddisflies and their comparative genetic structures based on habitat preferences
Authors: Takenaka Masaki , Shibata Saki , Ito Tomiko , Shimura Noriyoshi , Tojo Koji 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKnowledge of the factors that determine the distribution ranges of organisms is necessary to understand their evolutionary and ecological significance and contribution to biodiversity. A very effective mean of studying such factors is to compare the distribution characteristics and genetic structures of closely related species with differing habitat preferences. Freshwater aquatic insects are relatively easy to observe and the basis of their corresponding niche differentiation easier to identify. Freshwater habitats are categorized lotic or lentic water according to flow regime. In Japanese Islands, the genus Anisocentropus of the calamoceratid caddisfly, the target group in this study, was morphologically reconfirmed that three species, that is, Anisocentropus kawamurai, A. pallidus, and A. magnificus. Among these, A. kawamurai prefers lotic environments and A. pallidus is adapted to lentic water habitats. The distribution range of these sister species overlaps within the Japanese Islands. We estimated the phylogeny and the evolutionary history of Anisocentropus caddisflies worldwide. We estimated divergence periods by two methods, a single locus with various specimens and multiple loci with reduced numbers of the specimens. As a result, we elucidated the phylogenetic position of Japanese species within the cosmopolitan genus Anisocentropus, and also revealed their dual origin. In addition, we demonstrated that the contrasting genetic structures between the sister species distributed in widely overlapping areas were due to differentiation in their respective adapted environmental preferences. Although, in general, it is known that species adapted to lentic water have greater dispersal potential and so are associated with wider distribution areas by means of examining their comparative genetic structures, we revealed a new pattern of genetic locality existing in the genetic structures of the species adapted to lentic water. We then present evidence that suggests the ecological preferences of a species are an important factor in understanding the evolutionary history of that species.
High‐throughput sequencing outperforms traditional morphological methods in Blue Catfish diet analysis and reveals novel insights into diet ecology
Authors: Evans Heather K. , Bunch Aaron J. , Schmitt Joseph D. , Hoogakker Frederick J. , Carlson Kara B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBlue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus are an invasive, yet economically important species in the Chesapeake Bay. However, their impact on the trophic ecology of this system is not well understood. In order to provide in‐depth analysis of predation by Blue Catfish, we identified prey items using high‐throughput DNA sequencing (HTS) of entire gastrointestinal tracts from 134 samples using two genetic markers, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and the nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA gene. We compared our HTS results to a more traditional “hybrid” approach that coupled morphological identification with DNA barcoding. The hybrid study was conducted on additional Blue Catfish samples (n = 617 stomachs) collected from the same location and season in the previous year. Taxonomic representation with HTS vastly surpassed that achieved with the hybrid methodology in Blue Catfish. Significantly, our HTS study identified several instances of at‐risk and invasive species consumption not identified using the hybrid method, supporting the hypothesis that previous studies using morphological methods may greatly underestimate consumption of critical species. Finally, we report the novel finding that Blue Catfish diet diversity inversely correlates to daily flow rates, perhaps due to higher mobility and prey‐seeking behaviors exhibited during lower flow.
Color vision and niche partitioning in a diverse neotropical primate community in lowland Amazonian Ecuador
Authors: Veilleux Carrie C. , Kawamura Shoji , Montague Michael J. , Hiwatashi Tomohide , Matsushita Yuka , Fernandez‐Duque Eduardo , Link Andres , Di Fiore Anthony , Snodderly Donald Max 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA recent focus in community ecology has been on how within‐species variability shapes interspecific niche partitioning. Primate color vision offers a rich system in which to explore this issue. Most neotropical primates exhibit intraspecific variation in color vision due to allelic variation at the middle‐to‐long‐wavelength opsin gene on the X chromosome. Studies of opsin polymorphisms have typically sampled primates from different sites, limiting the ability to relate this genetic diversity to niche partitioning. We surveyed genetic variation in color vision of five primate species, belonging to all three families of the primate infraorder Platyrrhini, found in the Yasuní Biosphere Reserve in Ecuador. The frugivorous spider monkeys and woolly monkeys (Ateles belzebuthandLagothrix lagotricha poeppigii, family Atelidae) each had two opsin alleles, and more than 75% of individuals carried the longest‐wavelength (553–556 nm) allele. Among the other species,Saimiri sciureus macrodon(family Cebidae) andPithecia aequatorialis(family Pitheciidae) had three alleles, whilePlecturocebus discolor(family Pitheciidae) had four alleles—the largest number yet identified in a wild population of titi monkeys. For all three non‐atelid species, the middle‐wavelength (545 nm) allele was the most common. Overall, we identified genetic evidence of fourteen different visual phenotypes—seven types of dichromats and seven trichromats—among the five sympatric taxa. The differences we found suggest that interspecific competition among primates may influence intraspecific frequencies of opsin alleles. The diversity we describe invites detailed study of foraging behavior of different vision phenotypes to learn how they may contribute to niche partitioning.
Valley‐scale hydrogeomorphology drives river fish assemblage variation in Mongolia
Authors: Maasri Alain , Pyron Mark , Arsenault Emily R. , Thorp James H. , Mendsaikhan Bud , Tromboni Flavia , Minder Mario , Kenner Scott J. , Costello John , Chandra Sudeep , Otgonganbat Amarbat , Boldgiv Bazartseren 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRiver hydrogeomorphology is a major driver shaping biodiversity and community composition. Here, we examine how hydrogeomorphic heterogeneity expressed by Functional Process Zones (FPZs) in river networks is associated with fish assemblage variation. We examined this association in two distinct ecoregions in Mongolia expected to display different gradients of river network hydrogeomorphic heterogeneity. We delineated FPZs by extracting valley‐scale hydrogeomorphic variables at 10 km sample intervals in forest steppe (FS) and in grassland (G) river networks. We sampled fish assemblages and examined variation associated with changes in gradients of hydrogeomorphology as expressed by the FPZs. Thus, we examined assemblage variation as patterns of occurrence‐ and abundance‐based beta diversities for the taxonomic composition of assemblages and as functional beta diversity. Overall, we delineated 5 and 6 FPZs in river networks of the FS and G, respectively. Eight fish species were found in the FS river network and seventeen in the G, four of them common to both ecoregions. Functional richness was correspondingly higher in the G river network. Variation in the taxonomic composition of assemblages was driven by species turnover and was only significant in the G river network. Abundance‐based taxonomic variation was significant in river networks of both ecoregions, while the functional beta diversity results were inconclusive. We show that valley‐scale hydrogeomorphology is a significant driver of variation in fish assemblages at a macrosystem scale. Both changes in the composition of fish assemblages and the carrying capacity of the river network were driven by valley‐scale hydrogeomorphic variables. River network hydrogeomorphology as accounted for in the study has, therefore, the potential to inform macrosystem scale community ecology research and conservation efforts.
Antigen‐dependent multistep differentiation of T follicular helper cells and its role in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination
Authors: Baumjohann Dirk , Fazilleau Nicolas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractT follicular helper (Tfh) cells play an essential role in regulating the GC reaction and, consequently, the generation of high‐affinity antibodies and memory B cells. Therefore, Tfh cells are critical for potent humoral immune responses against various pathogens and their dysregulation has been linked to autoimmunity and cancer. Tfh cell differentiation is a multistep process, in which cognate interactions with different APC types, costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways, as well as cytokines are involved. However, it is still not fully understood how a subset of activated CD4+ T cells begins to express the Tfh cell‐defining chemokine receptor CXCR5 during the early stage of the immune response, how some CXCR5+ pre‐Tfh cells enter the B‐cell follicles and mature further into GC Tfh cells, and how Tfh cells are maintained in the memory compartment. In this review, we discuss recent advances on how antigen and cognate interactions are important for Tfh cell differentiation and long‐term persistence of Tfh cell memory, and how this is relevant to the current understanding of COVID‐19 pathogenesis and the development of potent SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines.
Determination of Paracetamol Based on 3‐Amino‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole Coated Glassy Carbon Surface in Pharmaceutical Sample
Authors: Uzun Demet 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this present study, to determine paracetamol, an electroanalytical method is presented using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at 3‐amino‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole (3AT) coated glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The electrochemical characterization and electron transfer behavior of this prepared electrode in the mixture of K4[Fe(CN)6]/K3[Fe(CN)6] contains 0.1 M KCl was confirmed by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe morphological structures of the bare and modified surfaces. The effect of pH was studied on the redox reaction of paracetamol in phosphate buffer in the range of pH 3.0–9.0. The limit of detection was 0.043 μM (3 s/m) for 3AT‐GC electrode. The developed electrode was successfully utilized in pharmaceutical samples.
Using Transparent Adhesive Tape as New Substrate for Integrated Flexible Enzymatic Sensor: Good Adhesion and Better Printability
Authors: Yang Ke , Zhao Shunan , Xu Jiawei , Zhu Zhuoya , Wang Zhifei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSubstrate plays an essential role in the construction of flexible electrode and related wearable sensors. Compared with conventional flexible substrates such as Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the common transparent adhesive tape exhibits the unique advantages in the non‐adhesive surface with good printability, allowing the conductive layer to be deposited directly on its surface, and in another adhesive surface with good fastening, thus facilitating the fabrication of as‐prepared electrode in subsequent wearable sensors. Herein, we constructed a new type of flexible sensor to detect ascorbic acid which is closely related to human health in sweat by integrating flexible electrode based on transparent adhesive tape with potentiostat that incorporate the critical signal conditioning, processing, and transmission functions. Experiment results show that resulting electrode still has the good electrochemistry performance even after 1000 bending cycles (20 % bending degrees). By connecting as‐prepared flexible electrode to the potentiostat to carry out real time analysis, the resulting sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity, detection limit and repeatability (0.15 V detection potential vs printed Ag/AgCl reference electrode, 3.8 μM detection limit, 25 μM‐1 mM linearity, and good selectivity).
Comparison of various zero‐dimensional models to analyze the brachial artery blood flow of an arterio‐venous fistula during hemodialysis procedure
Authors: Bastola Sulav , Jones Steven A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOne of the most recommended vascular accesses for hemodialysis is an autogenous arterio‐venous fistula (AVF), which is a surgically created conduit between an artery and a vein. AVFs can be compromised by stenosis‐induced arterial or venous thrombosis. An effective and efficient mathematical fluid mechanical model can provide insight into the mechanisms for stenosis and thrombosis. In an earlier paper, a laminar entry flow model (Shah) was applied to a fifth order lumped parameter zero dimensional (0D) model to predict the inlet flow rate in the brachial artery of an AVF. ODE45, a built in MATLAB ordinary differential equation (ODE) solver, was used to produce the solution. The Shah model showed closer correlation with a computational fluid dynamics model, performed in COMSOL, than did the Poiseuille flow model. In this study, an outlet flow rate in the brachial artery of an AVF is generated with third, fourth, and fifth order lumped parameter zero dimensional models with laminar and turbulent flow conditions within different arterial segments. Butcher's sixth order Runge‐Kutta (RK) method was used as an ODE solver and the results were compared with the MATLAB ODE solvers (ODE45 and ODE113). The lumped parameter model solved with Butcher's sixth order RK method generated less oscillation with a more stable and consistent outlet flow rate in comparison to the other solvers. Brachial artery blood flow, modeled with Shah's entry flow equation in the inlet segment and Blasius turbulent equation modeled at the outlet segment prior to the beginning of the anastomosis, generated an average outlet flow rate similar to that of clinical data. The dependence of brachial artery on the flow equations indicates the importance of wisely selecting flow resistance models and the effect of blood pressure and peripheral resistance on fistula maturation. The average and peak flow rate also depended on the ODE solver. Third and fourth order lumped parameter models generated results similar to the fifth order model only at normal peripheral resistance. Therefore, this study can help to understand the AVF performance in vitro and guide the application of an appropriate lumped parameter model for blood flow prediction.
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Marine Environment Around False Bay, Cape Town, South Africa: Occurrence and Risk-Assessment Study
Authors: Ojemaye Cecilia Y. , Petrik Leslie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pollution of the marine environment has been increasing as a result of anthropogenic activities. The preservation of marine ecosystems as well as the safety of harvested seafood are nowadays a global concern. In the present study, levels of pharmaceuticals and personal care products were assessed in different environmental compartments in the near-shore marine environment of False Bay, Cape Town, South Africa. The study revealed the presence of these persistent chemical compounds in different environmental samples from this location. Diclofenac was the most dominant compound detected, with higher concentration than the other pharmaceutical compounds, as well as being present in almost all the samples from the different sites (seawater, 3.70–4.18 ng/L; sediment, 92.08–171.89 ng/g dry wt; marine invertebrates, 67.67–780.26 ng/g dry wt; seaweed, 101.50–309.11 ng/g dry wt). The accumulation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the different species of organisms reflects the increasing anthropogenic pressure taking place at the sampling sites along the bay, as a result of population growth, resident lifestyle as well as poorly treated sewage effluent discharge from several associated wastewater-treatment plants. The concentration of these contaminants is in the order marine biota &gt; sediments &gt; seawater. The contaminants pose a low acute and chronic risk to the selected trophic levels. A public awareness campaign is needed to reduce the pollution at the source, as well as wastewater discharge limits need to be more stringent. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:614–634. © 2021 SETAC
Finding a livable feminist academic life through Rasanblaj
Authors: Sargsyan Nelli 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, I poetically gather the conceptual and methodological approaches of Black and Indigenous women scholars that have kept me, as an anthropologist scholar‐teacher from elsewhere, alive and interdisciplined in the US academy, ethico‐erotically oriented in my research‐creation. The women scholars to whose work I turn breathe life into my feminist intellectual woodland—the anthropological cannon—the scholarly commons. In the bounty of their generous sharing of methodological remix and political commitments, these mentors point to the need for subverting the pain of dismemberment and fragmentation effected by different forms of domination at different scales (Alexander 2005). Drawing on the legacy of these elders and colleagues, I mix genres, languages, and sounds as I evocatively gesture to the ways these women scholars have sustained and mentored me through their collective scholarly care.
Rethinking Human Embryo Research Policies
Authors: Matthews Kirstin R. W. , Iltis Ana S. , Marquez Nuria Gallego , Wagner Daniel S. , Robert Jason Scott , de Melo‐Martín Inmaculada , Bigg Marieke , Franklin Sarah , Holm Soren , Metzler Ingrid , Molè Matteo A. , Taupitz Jochen , Testa Giuseppe , Sugarman Jeremy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt now seems technically feasible to culture human embryos beyond the “fourteen‐day limit,” which has the potential to increase scientific understanding of human development and perhaps improve infertility treatments. The fourteen‐day limit was adopted as a compromise but subsequently has been considered an ethical line. Does it remain relevant in light of technological advances permitting embryo maturation beyond it? Should it be changed and, if so, how and why? What justifications would be necessary to expand the limit, particularly given that doing so would violate some people's moral commitments regarding human embryos? Robust stakeholder engagement preceded adoption of the fourteen‐day limit and should arguably be part of efforts to reassess it. Such engagement could also consider the need for enhanced oversight of human embryo research. In the meantime, developing and implementing reliable oversight systems should help foster high‐quality research and public confidence in it.
Antenatal care and skilled birth in the fragile and conflict‐affected situation of Burundi
Authors: Ziegler Bianca R , Kansanga Moses , Sano Yuji , Kangmennaang Joseph , Kpienbaareh Daniel , Luginaah Isaac 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBurundi is a fragile and conflict‐affected state characterized by persistent conflict and political violence. Amid this conflict, Burundi has one of the highest maternal mortality rates globally—548 per 100,000 births as of 2017, such deaths could be prevented with antenatal care (ANC). This cross‐sectional study aimed to examine the association between conflict and ANC and skilled birth attendant (SBA) utilization. Logistic regression analysis was conducted using the 2016–2017 Burundi Demographic and Health Survey (n = 8581), as well as a Near Analysis Geographic Information System exploration. Results show that women in extremely high conflict regions were less likely to have four antenatal visits (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79, p < 0.05). However, they were more likely to use a SBA (OR = 2.31, p < 0.001) and to deliver in a hospital (OR = 1.69, p < 0.001). As well, gender equality, education, and watching television were correlated with an increased likelihood of utilization. In contrast, unwanted pregnancies and increased parity were correlated with decreased use. Moreover, with renewed violence erupting in 2015, uptake of care has likely further stagnated or declined. If Sustainable Development Goal 3.1's objective of reducing maternal mortality globally is to be achieved, women's access to maternal healthcare services in conflicted‐affected areas such as Burundi must be improved.