bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intake of ultra-processed foods is associated with inflammatory markers in Brazilian adolescents
Authors: Martins Glauciane Márcia dos Santos , França Ana Karina Teixeira da Cunha , Viola Poliana Cristina de Almeida Fonseca , Carvalho Carolina Abreu de , Marques Karla Danielle Silva , Santos Alcione Miranda dos , Batalha Mônica Araújo , Alves Janete Daniel de Alencar , Ribeiro Cecilia Claudia Costa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the association of the consumption of foods of the ultra-processed group (UPF) with inflammatory markers in the adolescent population in Northeastern Brazil.Design:A cross-sectional population-based study. Food consumption was evaluated using two 24-h dietary recalls using the NOVA classification for food processing levels. The following inflammatory markers were evaluated: adiponectin, IL-6, IL-8, C-reactive protein (CRP) and TNF-α. Multivariate linear regression was used to investigate the association between the percentage of UPF energy contribution and inflammatory markers.Setting:São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.Participants:The sample consisted of 391 male and female adolescents, aged from 17 to 18 years.Results:The average daily energy consumption by adolescents was 8032·9 kJ/d, of which 26·1 % originated from UPF. The upper tertile (T3) of UPF consumption presented higher intake of simple carbohydrates, lipids, saturated fat, and Na and lower protein intake. Individuals in T3 presented higher serum leptin and CRP levels (P < 0·05). Adolescents with UPF energy consumption ≥30·0 % (tertile 3 of UPF) had a 79 % (exp (0·58) = 1·79) increase in IL-8 levels when compared with adolescents in tertile 1 of UPF (P = 0·013).Conclusions:The association between the consumption of UPF, poor quality diet and pro-inflammatory markers have important harmful effects that can be observed as early as in adolescence.
Modeling and Reasoning in Event Calculus using Goal-Directed Constraint Answer Set Programming
Authors: ARIAS JOAQUÍN , CARRO MANUEL , CHEN ZHUO , GUPTA GOPAL 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAutomated commonsense reasoning (CR) is essential for building human-like AI systems featuring, for example, explainable AI. Event calculus (EC) is a family of formalisms that model CR with a sound, logical basis. Previous attempts to mechanize reasoning using EC faced difficulties in the treatment of the continuous change in dense domains (e.g. time and other physical quantities), constraints among variables, default negation, and the uniform application of different inference methods, among others. We propose the use of s(CASP), a query-driven, top-down execution model for Predicate Answer Set Programming with Constraints, to model and reason using EC. We show how EC scenarios can be naturally and directly encoded in s(CASP) and how it enables deductive and abductive reasoning tasks in domains featuring constraints involving both dense time and dense fluents.
An Asymptotic Analysis of Probabilistic Logic Programming, with Implications for Expressing Projective Families of Distributions
Authors: WEITKÄMPER FELIX Q. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProbabilistic logic programming is a major part of statistical relational artificial intelligence, where approaches from logic and probability are brought together to reason about and learn from relational domains in a setting of uncertainty. However, the behaviour of statistical relational representations across variable domain sizes is complex, and scaling inference and learning to large domains remains a significant challenge. In recent years, connections have emerged between domain size dependence, lifted inference and learning from sampled subpopulations. The asymptotic behaviour of statistical relational representations has come under scrutiny, and projectivity was investigated as the strongest form of domain size dependence, in which query marginals are completely independent of the domain size. In this contribution we show that every probabilistic logic program under the distribution semantics is asymptotically equivalent to an acyclic probabilistic logic program consisting only of determinate clauses over probabilistic facts. We conclude that every probabilistic logic program inducing a projective family of distributions is in fact everywhere equivalent to a program from this fragment, and we investigate the consequences for the projective families of distributions expressible by probabilistic logic programs.
Three days in December: Jewish human rights between the United Nations and the middle east in 1948
Authors: Loeffler James 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe twin birth of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the UN Genocide Convention in 1948 have received enormous scholarly attention in recent years. Yet historians have largely ignored how these legal projects intersected with that year’s war in Israel/Palestine. In this article, I push these two stories back into a single frame by examining the year-long efforts of one early human rights organization, the World Jewish Congress, to advance rights-claims on behalf of Middle Eastern Jewish communities imperiled by the regional repercussions of the war. The WJC’s record of activities affords us a direct window into contemporaneous activist understandings of the ties between the Holocaust and the Nakba, human rights and genocide, and international law and politics. More broadly, it reveals the intrinsic limits of early human rights advocacy in an emerging global system exclusively structured around nation states.
Regime and Sociology: A Comparative History of Sociology in Postwar Europe with Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: Duller Matthias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUsing Qualitative Comparative Analysis, this article presents a systematic comparison of differences in the institutional success of sociology in 25 European countries during the academic expansion from 1945 until the late 1960s. Combining context-sensitive national histories of sociology, concept formation, and formal analyses of necessary and sufficient conditions, the article searches for historical explanations for both successful and inhibited processes of the institutionalization of sociology. Concretely, it assesses the interplay of political regime types, the continuous presence of sociological prewar traditions, political Catholicism, and the effects of sociological communities in neighboring countries and how their various combinations are related to more or less well-established sociologies. The results can help explain adversary effects under democratic conditions as well as supportive factors under nondemocratic conditions.
DNA Methylation of TXNIP Independently Associated with Inflammation and Diabetes Mellitus in Twins
Authors: Xiang Yijin , Wang Zeyuan , Hui Qin , Gwinn Marta , Vaccarino Viola , Sun Yan V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) plays a key role in diabetes development and prognosis through its role in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and death as well as in upregulating the inflammatory response in hyperglycemia. DNA methylation (DNAm) of TXNIP (TXNIP-cg19693031) is associated with the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, its role in inflammation and its relationship with T2D remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the epigenetic associations of TXNIP-cg19693031 with a panel of inflammatory biomarkers and to examine whether these inflammatory biomarkers modify the association between TXNIP-cg19693031 methylation and diabetes in 218 middle-aged male twins from the Emory Twin Study. We confirmed the association of TXNIP-cg19693031 DNAm with T2D, as well as with HbA1c, insulin and fasting glucose. We found that hypomethylation at TXNIP-cg19693031 is strongly associated with both type 2 diabetes and higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MMP-2, sRAGE and P-selectin); however, the relationship between TXNIP-cg19693031 and T2D is independent of the levels of these inflammatory biomarkers. Our results suggest that DNA methylation of TXNIP is linked with multiple biological processes, through which the TXNIP may have broad influence on chronic disease risk.
Sumatran fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis) resistant to PSI-inhibiting herbicides and physiological responses to paraquat
Authors: Leal Jéssica F. L. , Souza Amanda dos S. , Borella Junior , Araujo André Lucas S. , Langaro Ana Claudia , Chapeta Ana Carolina , Amorim Eduardo S. , Silva Gabriela S. , Morran Sarah , Zobiole Luiz Henrique S. , Gaines Todd A. , de Pinho Camila F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHerbicide-resistant weed management is one of the greatest agricultural challenges in crop production. Thus, the quick identification of herbicide-resistant weeds is extremely important for management. This study aimed to evaluate resistance to PSI-inhibiting herbicides (diquat) and physiological response to paraquat application in Sumatran fleabane [Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker; syn.: Erigeron sumatrensis Retz.]. The research was conducted with two C. sumatrensis biotypes, one susceptible and the other with multiple resistance to herbicides from five different modes of action (glyphosate, paraquat, diuron, saflufenacil, and 2,4-D). A dose–response assay was carried out to evaluate herbicide resistance to diquat in the paraquat-resistant C. sumatrensis biotype. The enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence were measured in both biotypes after paraquat (400 g ai ha−1) application. The dose–response assay confirmed resistance of C. sumatrensis to diquat with resistance factor levels of 26-fold and 6-fold for LD50 and GR50 values, respectively, compared with the susceptible biotype. Accumulation of H2O2 occurred more rapidly in the paraquat-susceptible biotype than in the resistant one. Paraquat treatment caused an increase in SOD and APX activity in the susceptible biotype, but antioxidant enzyme activities were unaffected by paraquat in the resistant one at 5 h after application (HAA). Chl a fluorescence increased across the first 4 HAA in both resistant and susceptible biotypes. However, at 24 HAA, the resistant biotype showed a decline in fluorescence close to untreated plants, while the susceptible biotype died, confirming resistance to diquat in the paraquat-resistant C. sumatrensis biotype. The paraquat-resistant biotype does not induce antioxidative enzymes, as a possible mechanism of resistance to paraquat, but shows rapid recovery of photosynthesis and continuous growth when subjected to paraquat, while the paraquat-susceptible biotype does not survive.
Is “Constitutional Veneration” an Obstacle to Constitutional Amendment?
Authors: Dawes Christopher T. , Zink James R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSome constitutional scholars suggest that the US Constitution stands as one of the oldest yet least changed national constitutions in part because Americans’ tendency to “revere” the Constitution has left them unwilling to consider significant changes to the document. Several recent studies support aspects of this claim, but no study establishes a direct link between individuals’ respect for the Constitution and their reluctance to amend it. To address this, we replicate and extend the research design of Zink and Dawes (2016) across two survey experiments. The key difference in our experiments is we include measures of respondents’ propensity to revere the Constitution, which in turn allows us to more directly test whether constitutional veneration translates into resistance to amendment. Our results build on Zink and Dawes’s findings and show that, in addition to institutional factors, citizens’ veneration of the Constitution can act as a psychological obstacle to constitutional amendment.
Impacts of Different Causes on the Inter‐Hemispheric Asymmetry of Ionosphere‐Thermosphere System at Mid‐ and High‐Latitudes: GITM Simulations
Authors: Hong Yu , Deng Yue , Zhu Qingyu , Maute Astrid , Sheng Cheng , Welling Daniel , Lopez Ramon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, the Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model is utilized to investigate the inter‐hemispheric asymmetry in the ionosphere‐thermosphere (I‐T) system at mid‐ and high‐latitudes (|geographic latitude| > 45°) associated with inter‐hemispheric differences in (a) the solar irradiance, (b) geomagnetic field, and (c) magnetospheric forcing under moderate geomagnetic conditions. Specifically, we have quantified the relative significance of the above three causes to the inter‐hemispheric asymmetries in the spatially weighted averaged E‐region electron density, F‐region neutral mass density, and horizontal neutral wind along with the hemispheric‐integrated Joule heating. Further, an asymmetry index defined as the percentage differences of these four quantities between the northern and southern hemispheres (|geographic latitude| > 45°) was calculated. It is found that: (a) The difference of the solar extreme ulutraviolet (EUV) irradiance plays a dominant role in causing inter‐hemispheric asymmetries in the four examined I‐T quantities. Typically, the asymmetry index for the E‐region electron density and integrated Joule heating at solstices with F10.7 = 150 sfu can reach 92.97% and 38.25%, respectively. (b) The asymmetric geomagnetic field can result in a strong daily variation of inter‐hemispheric asymmetries in the F‐region neutral wind and hemispheric‐integrated Joule heating over geographic coordinates. Their amplitude of asymmetry indices can be as large as 20.81% and 42.52%, which can be comparable to the solar EUV irradiance effect. (c) The contributions of the asymmetric magnetospheric forcing, including particle precipitation and ion convection pattern, can cause the asymmetry of integrated Joule heating as significant as 28.43% and 34.72%, respectively, which can be even stronger than other causes when the geomagnetic activity is intense.
Obesity during childhood is associated with higher cancer mortality rate during adulthood: the i3C Consortium
Authors: Nuotio Joel , Laitinen Tomi T. , Sinaiko Alan R. , Woo Jessica G. , Urbina Elaine M. , Jacobs David R. , Steinberger Julia , Prineas Ronald J. , Sabin Matthew A. , Burgner David P. , Minn Heikki , Burns Trudy L. , Bazzano Lydia A. , Venn Alison J. , Viikari Jorma S. A. , Hutri-Kähönen Nina , Daniels Stephen R. , Raitakari Olli T. , Magnussen Costan G. , Juonala Markus , Dwyer Terence 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn high-income countries, cancer is the leading cause of death among middle-aged adults. Prospective data on the effects of childhood risk exposures on subsequent cancer mortality are scarce.MethodsWe examined whether childhood body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glucose and lipid levels were associated with adult cancer mortality, using data from 21,012 children enrolled aged 3–19 years in seven prospective cohort studies from the U.S., Australia, and Finland that have followed participants from childhood into adulthood. Cancer mortality (cancer as a primary or secondary cause of death) was captured using registries.Results354 cancer deaths occurred over the follow-up. In age-, sex, and cohort-adjusted analyses, childhood BMI (Hazard ratio [HR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.24 per 1-SD increase) and childhood glucose (HR 1.22; 95%CI 1.01–1.47 per 1-SD increase), were associated with subsequent cancer mortality. In a multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, cohort, and childhood measures of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure, childhood BMI remained as an independent predictor of subsequent cancer mortality (HR, 1.24; 95%CI, 1.03–1.49). The association of childhood BMI and subsequent cancer mortality persisted after adjustment for adulthood BMI (HR for childhood BMI, 1.35; 95%CI 1.12–1.63).ConclusionsHigher childhood BMI was independently associated with increased overall cancer mortality.
Cylindrical vector beam multiplexer/demultiplexer using off-axis polarization control
Authors: Chen Shuqing , Xie Zhiqiang , Ye Huapeng , Wang Xinrou , Guo Zhenghao , He Yanliang , Li Ying , Yuan Xiaocong , Fan Dianyuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe emergence of cylindrical vector beam (CVB) multiplexing has opened new avenues for high-capacity optical communication. Although several configurations have been developed to couple/separate CVBs, the CVB multiplexer/demultiplexer remains elusive due to lack of effective off-axis polarization control technologies. Here we report a straightforward approach to realize off-axis polarization control for CVB multiplexing/demultiplexing based on a metal–dielectric–metal metasurface. We show that the left- and right-handed circularly polarized (LHCP/RHCP) components of CVBs are independently modulated via spin-to-orbit interactions by the properly designed metasurface, and then simultaneously multiplexed and demultiplexed due to the reversibility of light path and the conservation of vector mode. We also show that the proposed multiplexers/demultiplexers are broadband (from 1310 to 1625 nm) and compatible with wavelength-division-multiplexing. As a proof of concept, we successfully demonstrate a four-channel CVB multiplexing communication, combining wavelength-division-multiplexing and polarization-division-multiplexing with a transmission rate of 1.56 Tbit/s and a bit-error-rate of 10−6 at the receive power of −21.6 dBm. This study paves the way for CVB multiplexing/demultiplexing and may benefit high-capacity CVB communication.
Irradiance footprint of phototherapy devices: a comparative study
Authors: Dam-Vervloet Alida J. , Bosschaart Nienke , van Straaten Henrica L. M. , Poot Lieke , Hulzebos Christian V. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Phototherapy (PT) is the standard treatment of neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The irradiance footprint, i.e., the illuminated area by the PT device with sufficient spectral irradiance, is essential for PT to be effective. Irradiance footprint measurements are not performed in current clinical practice. We describe a user-friendly method to systematically evaluate the high spectral irradiance (HSI) footprint (illuminated area with spectral irradiance of ≥30 μW cm−2 nm−1) of PT devices in clinical practice.

Materials and methods
Six commercially available LED-based overhead PT devices were evaluated in overhead configuration with an incubator. Spectral irradiance (µW cm−2 nm−1) and HSI footprint were measured with a radiospectrometer (BiliBlanket Meter II).

Results
The average measured spectral irradiance ranged between 27 and 52 μW cm−2 nm−1 and HSI footprint ranged between 67 and 1465 cm2, respectively. Three, two, and one PT devices out of six covered the average BSA of an infant born at 22, 26–32, and 40 weeks of gestation, respectively.

Conclusion
Spectral irradiance of LED-based overhead PT devices is often lower than manufacturer’s specifications, and HSI footprints not always cover the average BSA of a newborn infant. The proposed measurement method will contribute to awareness of the importance of irradiance level as well as footprint measurements in the management of neonatal jaundice.

Impact

While a sufficient spectral irradiance footprint is essential for PT to be effective, some PT devices have spectral irradiance footprints that are too small to cover the entire body surface area (BSA) of a newborn infant.

This study introduces a user-friendly, accessible method to systematically evaluate the spectral irradiance level and footprint of PT devices.

This study supports awareness on the role of the spectral irradiance footprint in the efficacy of PT devices. Irradiance footprint can be easily measured during phototherapy with the proposed method.
Activation of a cGAS-STING-mediated immune response predicts response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer
Authors: Parkes Eileen E. , Savage Kienan I. , Lioe Tong , Boyd Clinton , Halliday Sophia , Walker Steven M. , Lowry Keith , Knight Laura , Buckley Niamh E. , Grogan Andrena , Logan Gemma E. , Clayton Alison , Hurwitz Jane , Kirk Stephen J. , Xu Jiamei , Sidi Fatima Abdullahi , Humphries Matthew P. , Bingham Victoria ,   Neo-DDIR Investigators, Ang Melvyn , Askin Conal , Bamford Louise , Boyd Ruth , Buckley Miriam , Clarke Jacqueline , Darragh Lynn , Davis Elaine , Foreman Jennifer , Gallagher Rebecca , Gill Janine , Hanna Michael , Hill Naomi , Irwin Gareth , Mallon Peter , McAleer Seamus , McAllister Joanne , Morris Melanie , Pierce Nicole , Refsum Sigi , Sloan Samantha , Treanor Sinead , James Jaqueline A. , James Colin R. , Paul Harkin D. , Kennedy Richard D. , McIntosh Stuart A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The DNA-damage immune-response (DDIR) signature is an immune-driven gene expression signature retrospectively validated as predicting response to anthracycline-based therapy. This feasibility study prospectively evaluates the use of this assay to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in early breast cancer.

Methods
This feasibility study assessed the integration of a novel biomarker into clinical workflows. Tumour samples were collected from patients receiving standard of care neoadjuvant chemotherapy (FEC + /−taxane and anti-HER2 therapy as appropriate) at baseline, mid- and post-chemotherapy. Baseline DDIR signature scores were correlated with pathological treatment response. RNA sequencing was used to assess chemotherapy/response-related changes in biologically linked gene signatures.

Results
DDIR signature reports were available within 14 days for 97.8% of 46 patients (13 TNBC, 16 HER2 + ve, 27 ER + HER2-ve). Positive scores predicted response to treatment (odds ratio 4.67 for RCB 0-1 disease (95% CI 1.13–15.09, P = 0.032)). DDIR positivity correlated with immune infiltration and upregulated immune-checkpoint gene expression.

Conclusions
This study validates the DDIR signature as predictive of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy which can be integrated into clinical workflows, potentially identifying a subgroup with high sensitivity to anthracycline chemotherapy. Transcriptomic data suggest induction with anthracycline-containing regimens in immune restricted, “cold” tumours may be effective for immune priming.

Trial registration
Not applicable (non-interventional study). CRUK Internal Database Number 14232.
Cryo-EM structures and transport mechanism of human P5B type ATPase ATP13A2
Authors: Chen Xudong , Zhou Mingze , Zhang Sensen , Yin Jian , Zhang Ping , Xuan Xujun , Wang Peiyi , Liu Zhiqiang , Zhou Boda , Yang Maojun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolyamines are important polycations that play critical roles in mammalian cells. ATP13A2 belongs to the orphan P5B adenosine triphosphatases (ATPase) family and has been established as a lysosomal polyamine exporter to maintain the normal function of lysosomes and mitochondria. Previous studies have reported that several human neurodegenerative disorders are related to mutations in the ATP13A2 gene. However, the transport mechanism of ATP13A2 in the lysosome remains unclear. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of three distinct intermediates of the human ATP13A2, revealing key insights into the spermine (SPM) transport cycle in the lysosome. The transmembrane domain serves as a substrate binding site and the C-terminal domain is essential for protein stability and may play a regulatory role. These findings advance our understanding of the polyamine transport mechanism, the lipid-associated regulation, and the disease-associated mutants of ATP13A2.