bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of genitourinary syndrome in women of elderly reproductive age after hysterectomy
Authors: Proshchenko Olha , Ventskivska Iryna , Kamuz Natalia , Markitanyuk Svitlana 
Published: April 2021

The article presents an analytical assessment of risk factors for distant postoperative urogenital disorders in women of older reproductive age after radical surgical treatment for uterine fibroids.
The aim of the study was to optimize the diagnostic algorithm of genitourinary syndrome in women of older reproductive age after hysterectomy for uterine fibroids.
Materials and methods – 80 women aged 40 to 50 years were examined: 40 patients after vaginal and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy, 40 patients with abdominal hysterectomy, control – 30 relatively healthy women with asymptomatic fibroids. The examination was performed at the stage of preoperative observation and for 3 years after surgery. Research methods: data on the assessment of pelvic floor and urogenital dysfunction using a standardized POP-Q system, physical examination, the ICS classification was used to assess the severity of urinary incontinence; quality of life assessment using the MOS SF-36 questionnaire; standard methods of variation statistics.
Research results and their discussion. The most important risk factors for genitourinary syndrome have been identified. These included obstetric and gynecological history (birth of large fetuses, episiotomies, birth trauma, high birth parity, ovarian surgery, the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists), chronic diseases accompanied by increased intramuscularly; the presence of stigmas of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia; clinical manifestations of pelvic floor failure and functional disorders of the urethral sphincter.
Conclusions. In the case of surgical treatment of uterine fibroids, it is advisable to take into account not only the presence of vaginal prolapse and initial dysuric manifestations, but also their predictors in the preoperative stage of the examination, as this may affect the choice of method and access in the case of surgical treatment of uterine fibroids. rehabilitation program and will obtain the expected effect of surgical recovery.
Influence of different types of anesthesia on the inflammatory response in laparoscopic hysterectomy
Authors: Zaychenko Stanislav , Tkachenko Ruslan 
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of different variants of anesthesia, including low-opioid (LOA) and opioid-free anesthesia (OFA), on the dynamics of the inflammatory response during laparoscopic hysterectomy.
Materials and methods: 102 patients were randomly allocated into 3 groups: 37 women assigned to receive a standard opioid-based anesthesia (OBA group), 33 women – LOA group and 32 patients – OFA group. In the LOA group, the amount of fentanyl was halved and lidocaine infusion and ketamine were additionally infused during induction. In the OFA group, ketamine, lidocaine and dexmedetomidine were additionally infused instead of fentanyl.
Results: Conducting a laparoscopic hysterectomy is accompanied by the activation of the inflammatory process and is manifested by an increase in the content of leukocytes and granulocytes, and a decrease in the number of lymphocytes, which is accompanied by an increase in the leukocyte index of intoxication. These changes were most significant in patients undergoing standard anesthesia. The activation of the inflammatory process is confirmed by an increase in the level of pro-inflammatory IL-6 in all groups from 28.8 % to 92.9 %, and it was most pronounced in patients who underwent LOA. In the same group, the greatest increase in the level of anti-inflammatory IL-10 was also noted, the level of which was 115.4 % higher (p=0.036) than in the control group. An increase in the content of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in each group and a parallel increase in anti-inflammatory IL-10 in groups 2 and 3, with a simultaneous decrease in it in group 1 led to a significant increase in the IL-6 / IL-10 ratio in the control group. This indicator was significantly higher than in groups 2 and 3 by 42.3 % (p=0.043) and 52.7 % (p=0.041), respectively, while the IL-6 / IL-10 ratio in these groups was not differed from the initial state.
Conclusion: Laparoscopic hysterectomy is accompanied by activation of the inflammatory process and is manifested by an increase in the content of leukocytes and granulocytes and a decrease in the number of lymphocytes, which is accompanied by an increase in the leukocyte index of intoxication. These changes were most significant in patients undergoing standard anesthesia. The use of LOA and OFA is accompanied by a lower activation of the inflammatory response in laparoscopic hysterectomy than in standard anesthesia, but requires further study
The beginning of the system of assistance to children with visual disabilities: historical and bibliographical aspect
Authors: Lyndina Yevheniia 
Published: April 2021

The scientific article reveals some of the historical facts of the beginning of helping children with visual impairments. The main chronological events of caring for children with the noted category of disorders are noted, which later became the basis for the development of special education, in particular, typhlopedagogy.
The article describes the emergence of hospitals, shelters for orphans, sick and crippled people throughout Rus, which testifies to the attention of society to their lives. The facts of the search for ways of treatment and the development of methods, principles and means of teaching people with impaired psychophysical development are outlined. Based on the study of historical sources, the times of Kyivan Rus are characterized, when in some monasteries and churches premises were allocated for the residence of orphans and crippled children. There is information about the first institution in Ukraine, which was guarded by the problem of blind people, although it did not provide for special education and training for this category of persons.
An important point of the article is the definition of the role of the state in the care of visually impaired persons. It is noted that in the 17th and 18th century in Ukraine, social work began to take care of orphans and people with disabilities. From the end of the 17th century, orphans and children of "mutilations" began to be in the care of shelters and hospitals, which was stipulated by a number of state decrees. In the 30s of the 18th century, a new form of guardianship over the disabled was introduced, patronage, which still exists in a modernized form. For a deeper retrospective of the state's assistance to children with visual impairments, it is necessary to investigate the facts of historical sources from the 18th century to the present
Size effect of R-TiO\(_{2}\) (Micro- and Nano-) Particles on the Mechanical Property, Weathering Durability of Water-based Acrylic Coating
Authors: Nguyen Thien Vuong , Dang Thi My Linh , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Hoang Thi Huong Thuy 
Published: April 2021

This work aims to clarify the difference between the influence of TiO\(_{2}\) particles at micrometer and nanometer sizes on the mechanical properties and weathering durability of water-based acrylic coatings. To prepare coatings, micro-R-TiO\(_{2}\) and nano R-TiO\(_{2}\) particles with 2 wt.% content were dispersed in the emulsion acrylic polymer by ultrasonic vibration. The coatings without TiO\(_{2}\) particles, with 2 wt.% micro R-TiO\(_{2}\) and with 2 wt.% nano R-TiO\(_{2}\) were tested for abrasion resistance, weathering aging in UV/CON accelerated weathering chamber. Weathering aging was assessed by IR quantitative analysis, the weight loss of the coating. The obtained results showed that the micro R-TiO\(_{2}\) with the 2 wt.% content enhanced simultaneously the abrasion resistance and weathering durability of water-based acrylic coatings but not as effectively as nano R-TiO\(_{2}\). Incorporation of 2 wt.% micro-R-TiO\(_{2}\) increased slightly the abrasion resistance of coating from 78.4 to 98.9 lite/mil (26% increase) while with addition of nano-R-TiO\(_{2}\) at the same content, the abrasion resistance was significantly improved from 78.4 to 129.3 lite/mil (65% increase). After 48 aging cycles, the alkane CH groups and weight of the coatings without R-TiO\(_{2}\) particles, containing 2 wt.% micro-R-TiO\(_{2}\), containing nano-R-TiO\(_{2}\) lost 34.2% and 17.4%; 23.8% and 13%; 13.7% and 13%, respectively.
Normed Division Algebras Application to the Monopole Physics
Authors: Le Dai-Nam , Le Van-Hoang 
Published: April 2021

We review some normed division algebras (R, C, H, O) applications to the monopole physics and MICZ-Kepler problems. More specifically, we will briefly review some results in applying the normed division algebras to interpret the existence of Dirac, Yang, and SO(8) monopoles. These monopoles also appear during the examination of the duality between isotropic harmonic oscillators and the MICZ-Kepler problems. We also revisit some of our newest results in the nine-dimensional MICZ-Kepler problem using the generalized Hurwitz transformation.
ACOLHIMENTO TERAPÊUTICO A DEPENDENTES QUÍMICOS DO ÁLCOOL: RELAÇÕES FAMILIARES
Authors: Silva Beatriz Figueredo , Da Silva Leticia De Almeida , Pinto Maria de Fátima Rocha , Júnior José Tarcisio Cavaliere , Sepp Valquiria Jorge , Machado Flávio Vaz , Da Silva Ilda Cecília Moreira 
Published: April 2021

O alcoolismo ainda é um dos males da sociedade atual, se tonando um problema de Saúde Pública que atinge grande parte da população. Existem diversos caminhos que os alcoolistas podem seguir e alguns deles afetando familiares e amigos próximos. O objetivo deste estudo é apontar impactos do alcoolismo no ambiente familiar, identificando como o cuidado da enfermagem interfere na melhoria das relações interpessoais entre usuário de álcool e seus familiares. O estudo se baseou em uma integração interpretativa de achados qualitativos, de pesquisas primárias por meio de uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura. Identificou-se que a maioria dos estudos abordam os impactos do alcoolismo no âmbito familiar, e que este carrega muitas vezes divergências que vão desde dificuldades financeiras até atos de violência contra os seus entes queridos. Conclui-se que o alcoolismo afeta pessoas de todos os gêneros, muitas vezes gerando divergências nas relações familiares. Além disso, nota-se a importância dos profissionais enfermeiros ao lidar com a manutenção do contato entre paciente e familiares, mostrando a necessidade da educação em saúde durante todo o processo.

Palavras-chave: Alcoolismo, Cuidados, Enfermagem.
Teaching the History of Drugs as Commodities
Authors: Rasch Elisabet Dueholm 
Published: April 2021

Paul Gootenberg is SUNY Distinguished Professor of History and Sociology at Stony Brook University (New York) and Chair of History. He is a global commodity and drug historian trained as a Latin Americanist at the University of Chicago and Oxford. His works include Andean Cocaine: The Making of a Global Drug (UNC Press, 2008), Cocaine: Global Histories (Routledge, 1999) and with Liliana M. Dávalos, The Origins of Cocaine: Peasant Colonization and Failed Development in the Amazon Andes (Routledge, 2018). From 2011-14 he chaired the Drugs, Security and Democracy fellowship (DSD) of the Soros Open Society Foundation and Social Science Research Council. Gootenberg is General Editor of the forthcoming Oxford Handbook of Drug History and President-elect 2021of the Alcohol and Drugs History Society (ADHS). He regularly teaches courses at Stony Brook about the history of commodities and drugs. What follows is an edited transcript of an interview he had with Elisabet Rasch one of the editors of the Teaching Commodity Frontiers section, in February 2021.
Illicit Crop Frontiers
Authors: Stein Serena , Sandwell Katie 
Published: April 2021

Today, many zones of cultivation for plants like coca, khat, kratom, and cannabis are thriving, in some cases despite protracted, violent, and lethal attempts at containment through state re-territorialization -- and often, state terror. These plants straddle the borders of legality in many places where they are grown, participating in the cultivation of agriculture frontiers characterized by uncertain and unpredictable openings and closings, and changing distributions of harms among plants and human communities. Scholars and activists question the ideology and efficacy of transnational and state programs to eradicate crops and criminalize farmers, bringing new attention to these commodities and the impacts of their contested legal status. There is also a rising appreciation of indigenous and traditional cultivation and of the importance of decolonizing uses of plants, against backdrops of botanical speculation, piracy, colonization, and trauma. Finally, these illicit agricultural frontiers stand to be dramatically reconfigured by changes potential to drug law regimes.

For this essay, we invited three scholars to comment on the frontiers of coca, khat, and kratom where they have long been embedded in research: Asmin Fransiska (hereafter AF) in Indonesia, Lisa Gezon (hereafter LG) in Madagascar, and Kristina Lyon (hereafter KL) in Colombia. We, the authors, edited these comments, and put them into a conversation exploring illicit crop frontiers today, and what is shared and distinct among these frontiers, the frictions and countermovements within them, and their actual or potential connections to broader agrarian movements. As we relay the commentaries, we offer a few contours of what (il)licit crops frontiers bring to our understanding of uneven and unequal histories of capitalism and the unending drive for crop commodities in marginal landscapes. We offer a brief typology of these frontiers to punctuate the conversation, and some directions for ongoing study.
Events and Announcements
Authors: Bernardi Claudia 
Published: April 2021

This section aims to improve communications between initiatives, artists, activists, scholars, and research groups engaged in the study and politics of commodity frontiers. Here you will find the latest news recommended by people from the Commodity Frontiers Initiative.

This is a first selection, and we would be happy to add further events on our website, in social media, and in future volumes of Commodity Frontiers. Please send your announcements to Claudia Bernardi (clod.zeta@gmail.com), or contact us through the website, Twitter, or Facebook.
Carbamazepine Induced Steven Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Overlap Treated Successfully with Oral Cyclosporin
Authors: Al Rajaibi Raqiya , Al Rumhi Thuraiya , Al Abri Al Mur 
Published: April 2021

Steven Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are acute life threatening mucocutaneous drug reactions. Several therapies have been used in the treatment of SJS/TEN but none of them have been established as the gold standard treatment, until now. Studies showed that cyclosporine (CsA) can be used off-label in TEN/SJS and has shown promising therapeutic effectiveness in such diseases. Here we report a 38 year-old woman who presented to Ar Rustaq Hospital, Rustaq, Oman in 2019 with SJS/TEN overlap and was treated successfully with CsA along with supportive management. This case report also includes a literature review on use of CsA in the treatment of SJS/TEN.
Keywords: Steven Johnson Syndrome; Toxic epidermal necrolysis; Epidermal necrolysis; cyclosporine; Drug eruption; case report; Oman
The Molecular Pathways of Lung Damage by E-Cigarette in Experimental Mice
Authors: Suryadinata Rivan V , Wirjatmadi Bambang 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The negative health effects of electronic cigarettes remain debatable. Several studies have shown the adverse effects, but there are others who opine that electronic cigarettes are safer to use than the tobacco counterparts. There is however, a possibility that the long-term health effects, such as respiratory and even kidney function impairment are presently not obvious. The amounts of increased free radicals and pro-inflammatory cytokines from e-cigarettes result in various physiological disorders, which trigger cell damage, and even cell death in the body. Methods: The aim of this study is to analyze the stages of lung tissue damage caused by exposure to electronic cigarette smoke. An experimental method was used herein with a control and a experiment group of male wistar rats to assess the levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, matrix metalloprotein-8, and collagen type 2. The results were obtained using immunohistochemical staining methods on alveolar macrophages through Hematoxylin-Eosin (H & E) staining. Results: The results showed that exposure to electronic cigarette smoke caused an increase in free radicals, triggered an inflammatory process, and degraded the type 2 collagen present in the lung tissue. Conclusion: Exposure E-cigarette can cause cell damage in lung tissue
Keyword: E-Cigarettes; Lung Tissue; Immunohistochemistry; Hematoxylin-Eosin.
Barriers and Perception Towards Spectacle Wear among Student Population of University of Buraimi, Oman
Authors: Vankudre Gopi S , Noushad Babu 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the barriers and perception towards spectacle wear among student population of University of Buraimi, Oman. Methods: This descriptive, questionnaire based, cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2017 and May 2018. To evaluate participant’s barriers and perception towards spectacle wear, a self-designed, validated questionnaire prepared in English language, obtained responses from 170 a university student population within the Sultanate of Oman. Chi-square test was used to assess the association between the type of perception with the socio-demographic and refractive error related profiles of the participants. Results: All participants with inappropriate spectacle correction (61.82%) responded to the questionnaire. Majority of them (73.5%, n = 125) were having their eyes examined for the first time. Only 28 (16.5%) were wearing spectacles. Nearly half of the participants (54%, n = 91) had positive attitude towards spectacle wear, followed by negative (36%, n = 62) and neutral perception (10%, n = 17). Participants from a health science background had a higher positive perception towards spectacle wear compared to the non-medical study majors (P = 0.012). The difference in the perception scores between myopic and hypermetropic refractive error group was statistically insignificant (P = 0.882). Conclusion: A majority of the participants were having inappropriate spectacle corrections and did not undergo any prior ocular examinations. Very few participants were wearing spectacles, however, it was inappropriate concerning their current refractive status. The other reasons for spectacle non-wear were, ordering of new spectacles, lost them, or were broken. Nearly half of the participants had positive perceptions towards spectacle wear. The positive perception was higher among students with health-related majors. The study stresses to extend the current school eye health initiative within the region to the university level. A holistic eye health promotional approach integrating students, teachers, and parents can help in improving spectacle wear within the population.
Keywords: Eyeglasses; Refractive errors; School eye health; Spectacle compliance; Patient compliance.
Knowledge Towards Antibiotics Use Among Lebanese Adults
Authors: Henaine Anna-Maria , Lahoud Nathalie , Abdo Rachel , Shdeed Ruba , Safwan Jihan , Akel Marwan , Fahs Iqbal , Zeenny Rony , Sacre Hala , Hallit Souheil , Salameh Pascale 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: To evaluate the association between sociodemographic characteristics and antibiotic knowledge in the Lebanese population. Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in community pharmacies from all Lebanese governorates. Data were collected by well-trained pharmacists through face-to-face interviews from January 1 until March 31, 2017. The survey tool was adapted from a questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization. A knowledge index was computed for comparative purposes, and a linear regression model was performed to assess factors associated with knowledge. Results: An antibiotic knowledge index was computed for 623 participants, with a minimum score of 3 and a maximum score of 19 (average of 12.5 ± 3.2). Higher knowledge score was inversely correlated with age (r = -0.118; P = 0.003), but no gender differences were reported (12.6 for females vs. 12.3 for males) (P >0.05). However, differences were statistically significant for residence type, educational level, and total household income categories. The linear regression model showed a significant association between residence type and knowledge (urban vs. other areas, B = 0.793; P = 0.011). Furthermore, a higher knowledge index was significantly associated with a higher income combined with higher education (additive scale/B = 1.590; P = 0.025). Finally, interactions between income and age, gender, and residence type were not significant. Conclusion: Individuals residing in urban areas, those with combined high income and high educational levels, are more knowledgeable about antibiotics use and resistance in comparison with other groups. More studies are needed to assess sociodemographic interactions on health literacy.
Keywords: Knowledge; Socioeconomic Factors; Gender; Age; Attitude to Health; Educational Achievements; Residence.
Internet Addiction and Depression Among Postgraduate Residents
Authors: Al Mukhaini Ameena M , Al Houqani Fakhriya A , Al Kindi Rahma M 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of social media usage and Internet addiction among Oman Medical Specialty Board (OMSB) residents and to determine associations between Internet addiction and sociodemographic characteristics and symptoms of depression. Methods: This cross-sectional study took place between January and March 2017. All 499 residents enrolled in OMSB training programmes during the 2016–2017 academic year were targeted. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to collect information concerning sociodemographic characteristics. In addition, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Internet Addiction Test were used to screen for depression and Internet addiction, respectively. Results: A total of 399 residents participated in the study (response rate: 80%). Overall, 115 residents (28.8%) had varying degrees of depression and 149 (37.3%) were addicted to the Internet; moreover, among those addicted, 54 (36.2%) had depression. While no significant associations were observed between Internet addiction and sociodemographic characteristics, the association between Internet addiction and depression was statistically significant (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Internet addiction was clearly detected among OMSB residents, with a significant association observed between Internet addiction and depression. Although a causal link between these two variables cannot be established as depression is multifactorial in origin, the disadvantages and harmful effects of excessive Internet and social media usage need to be addressed. Further research on the consequences of Internet addiction and its effect on quality of life and academic achievement is recommended.
Keywords: Internet; Social Media; Social Networking; Addictive Behaviors; Depression; Medical Students; Oman.