bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PLEKHA5 regulates the survival and peritoneal dissemination of diffuse-type gastric carcinoma cells with Met gene amplification
Authors: Nagamura Yuko , Miyazaki Makoto , Nagano Yoshiko , Yuki Masako , Fukami Kiyoko , Yanagihara Kazuyoshi , Sasaki Kazuki , Sakai Ryuichi , Yamaguchi Hideki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMet gene amplification has been found in a subset of malignant carcinomas, including diffuse-type gastric carcinoma (DGC), which has a poor prognosis owing to rapid infiltrative invasion and frequent peritoneal dissemination. Met is considered a promising therapeutic target for DGC. However, DGC cells with Met gene amplification eventually acquire resistance to Met inhibitors. Therefore, identification of alternate targets that mediate Met signaling and confer malignant phenotypes is critical. In this study, we conducted a phosphoproteomic analysis of DGC cells possessing Met gene amplification and identified Pleckstrin Homology Domain Containing A5 (PLEKHA5) as a protein that is tyrosine-phosphorylated downstream of Met. Knockdown of PLEKHA5 selectively suppressed the growth of DGC cells with Met gene amplification by inducing apoptosis, even though they had acquired resistance to Met inhibitors. Moreover, PLEKHA5 silencing abrogated the malignant phenotypes of Met-addicted DGC cells, including peritoneal dissemination in vivo. Mechanistically, PLEKHA5 knockdown dysregulates glycolytic metabolism, leading to activation of the JNK pathway that promotes apoptosis. These results indicate that PLEKHA5 is a novel downstream effector of amplified Met and is required for the malignant progression of Met-addicted DGC.
Long-term safety and efficacy of givinostat in polycythemia vera: 4-year mean follow up of three phase 1/2 studies and a compassionate use program
Authors: Rambaldi Alessandro , Iurlo Alessandra , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Martino Bruno , Guarini Attilio , Ruggeri Marco , von Bubnoff Nikolas , De Muro Marianna , McMullin Mary Frances , Luciani Stefania , Martinelli Vincenzo , Nogai Axel , Rosti Vittorio , Ricco Alessandra , Bettica Paolo , Manzoni Sara , Di Tollo Silvia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPolycythemia vera (PV) is aBCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) characterized by excessive proliferation of erythroid, myeloid, and megakaryocytic components in the bone marrow, mainly due to a Janus kinase 2 gene mutation (JAK2V617F). Givinostat, a histone-deacetylase inhibitor that selectively targetsJAK2V617Fcell growth, has demonstrated good efficacy and safety in three phase 1/2 studies in patients with PV. This manuscript focuses on the 4-year mean (2.8 year median) follow-up of an open-label, long-term study that enrolled 51 patients with PV (out of a total of 54 with MPN) who received clinical benefit from givinostat in these previous studies or on compassionate use, and who continued to receive givinostat at the last effective and tolerated dose. The primary objectives are to determine givinostat’s long-term safety and tolerability, and efficacy evaluated by the investigators according to internationally recognized response criteria. During follow-up, only 10% of PV patients reported Grade 3 treatment-related adverse events (AEs), while none had Grade 4 or 5 treatment-related AEs. The overall response rate for the duration of follow-up was always greater than 80% in patients with PV. In conclusion, givinostat demonstrated a good safety and efficacy profile in patients with PV, data supporting long-term use in this population.
Pre‐training of gated convolution neural network for remote sensing image super‐resolution
Authors: Peng Yali , Wang Xuning , Zhang Junwei , Liu Shigang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany very deep neural networks are proposed to obtain accurate super‐resolution reconstruction of remote sensing images. However, the deeper the network for image SR is, the more difficult it is to train. The low‐resolution inputs and features contain abundant low‐frequency information and noise, which are treated equally as the high‐frequency information to across the network. To solve these problems, a novel single‐image super‐resolution algorithm named pre‐training of gated convolution neural network (PGCNN) is proposed for remote sensing images. The proposed PGCNN consists of several residual blocks with long skip connections. Each residual block contains an additional well‐designed gated convolution unit, which provides different weights to high‐frequency information and low‐frequency information to control the transmission of information, making the main network focus on learning high‐frequency information. Compared with several state‐of‐the‐art methods, experimental results on the remote sensing datasets (SIRI‐WHU, NWPU‐RESISC45, RSSCN7 and UC‐Merced‐Land‐Use) show that the proposed PGCNN has the accuracy and visual improvements.
Sparse representation for face recognition: A review paper
Authors: Madarkar Jitendra , Sharma Poonam , Singh Rimjhim Padam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith the increasing use of surveillance cameras, face recognition is being studied by many researchers for security purposes. Although high accuracy has been achieved for frontal faces, the existing methods have shown poor performance for occluded and corrupt images. Recently, sparse representation based classification (SRC) has shown the state‐of‐the‐art result in face recognition on corrupt and occluded face images. Several researchers have developed extended SRC methods in the last decade. This paper mainly focuses on SRC and its extended methods of face recognition. SRC methods have been compared on the basis of five issues of face recognition such as linear variation, non‐linear variation, undersampled, pose variation, and low resolution. Detailed analysis of SRC methods for issues of face recognition have been discussed based on experimental results and execution time. Finally, the limitation of SRC methods have been listed to help the researchers to extend the work of existing methods to resolve the unsolved issues.
Countering self‐protection smeared spectrum jamming against chirp radars
Authors: Baher Safa Hanbali Samer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChirp radars are vulnerable to various types of deceptive jamming for example, smeared spectrum (SMSP) jamming that generates multiple false targets, which lead and lag the true target. Unfortunately, the radar system cannot distinguish the true target from the false ones because the jamming signal looks like the true target echo. A new anti‐jamming technique to suppress false targets and identify the true target easily is introduced. The proposed technique benefits from the fact that SMSP jamming signal has a different frequency modulation slope from that of the radar signal. Therefore, the differences between SMSP jamming signal and the true target echo can be identified. The efficiency of the proposed technique is confirmed by theoretical analysis and simulation experiments.
Translation, multilingualism and power differential in
contemporary African literature
Authors: Bandia Paul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Contemporary African literature is, by its very
nature, a fertile ground for elucidating the rather symbiotic
relation between translation and power differential, given the
inherent multilingualism and the implied language hierarchy
characteristic of the African postcolonial context. Asymmetry here
begins with the unequal power relations between orality
and literacy, between oral tradition and writing, between indigenous
languages and the languages of colonization. This power differential
is enhanced further by the ever-increasing gap between languages of
officialdom and the evolving and rapidly assertive languages of
creolization. To the extent that African literature is a window into
life in contemporary African society, the aesthetic representation
of Africanity in writing as well as in colonial or global languages
involves translating asymmetry and negotiating, redressing or
rewriting power inequalities. This underlying characteristic of
African literature dovetails with literary practices in the diaspora
whereby migration and identitarian politics draw heavily from the
notion of translation as a mechanism for expressing discourses of
resistance to oppression and asymmetrical power relations. This
chapter seeks to lay bare the underpinnings of power differentials
in contemporary African literature and to highlight the role of
translation in resisting asymmetry and rewriting power.
Obesity management in primary care: systematic review exploring the influence of therapeutic alliance
Authors: Sturgiss Elizabeth A , O’Brien Kathleen , Elmitt Nicholas , Agostino Jason , Ardouin Stephen , Douglas Kirsty , Clark Alexander M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Purpose
To identify the influence of the therapeutic alliance on the effectiveness of obesity interventions delivered in primary care.

Method
Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of primary care interventions for adult patients living with obesity. Comprehensive search strategy using the terms ‘obesity’, ‘primary care’ and ‘intervention’ of seven databases from 1 January 1998 to March 2018. Primary outcome was difference in weight loss in interventions where a therapeutic alliance was present.

Results
From 10 636 studies, 11 (3955 patients) were eligible. Only one study had interventions that reported all aspects of therapeutic alliance, including bond, goals and tasks. Meta-analysis was not included due to high statistical heterogeneity and low numbers of trials; as per our protocol, we proceeded to narrative synthesis. Some interventions included the regular primary care practitioner in management; very few included collaborative goal setting and most used prescriptive protocols to direct care.

Conclusions
We were surprised that so few trials reported the inclusion of elements of the therapeutic alliance when relational aspects of primary care are critical for effectiveness. Interventions could be developed to maximize therapeutic relationships and research reports should describe interventions comprehensively.

Systematic review registration number
CRD42018091338 in PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews).
Preparatory acoustic emission activity of hydraulic fracture in granite with various viscous fluids revealed by deep learning technique
Authors: Tanaka Rui , Naoi Makoto , Chen Youqing , Yamamoto Kazune , Imakita Keiichi , Tsutsumi Naofumi , Shimoda Akihiro , Hiramatsu Daiki , Kawakata Hironori , Ishida Tsuyoshi , Fukuyama Eiichi , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Arima Yutaro , Kitamura Shigehiro , Hyodo Daisuke 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYTo investigate the influence of fluid viscosity on the fracturing process, we conducted hydraulic fracturing experiments on Kurokami-jima granite specimens with resins of various viscosities. We monitored the acoustic emission (AE) activity during fracturing and estimated the moment tensor (MT) solutions for 54 727 AE events using a deep learning technique. We observed the breakdown at 14–22 MPa of borehole pressure, which was dependent on the viscosity, as well as two preparatory phases accompanying the expansion of AE-active regions. The first expansion phase typically began at 10–30 per cent of the breakdown pressure, where AEs occurred three-dimensionally surrounding the wellbore and their active region expanded with time towards the external boundaries of the specimen. The MT solutions of these AEs corresponded to crack-opening (tensile) events in various orientations. The second expansion phase began at 90–99 per cent of the breakdown pressure. During this phase, a new planar AE distribution emerged from the borehole and expanded along the maximum compression axis, and the focal mechanisms of these AEs corresponded to the tensile events on the AE-delineating plane. We interpreted that the first phase was induced by fluid penetration into pre-existing microcracks, such as grain boundaries, and the second phase corresponded to the main fracture formation. Significant dependences on fluid viscosity were observed in the borehole pressure at the time of main fracture initiation and in the speed of the fracture propagation in the second phase. The AE activity observed in the present study was fairly complex compared to that observed in previous experiments conducted on tight shale samples. This difference indicates the importance of the interaction between the fracturing fluid and pre-existing microcracks in the fracturing process.
A systematic review of quantitative bias analysis applied to epidemiological research
Authors: Petersen Julie M , Ranker Lynsie R , Barnard-Mayers Ruby , MacLehose Richard F , Fox Matthew P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Quantitative bias analysis (QBA) measures study errors in terms of direction, magnitude and uncertainty. This systematic review aimed to describe how QBA has been applied in epidemiological research in 2006–19.

Methods
We searched PubMed for English peer-reviewed studies applying QBA to real-data applications. We also included studies citing selected sources or which were identified in a previous QBA review in pharmacoepidemiology. For each study, we extracted the rationale, methodology, bias-adjusted results and interpretation and assessed factors associated with reproducibility.

Results
Of the 238 studies, the majority were embedded within papers whose main inferences were drawn from conventional approaches as secondary (sensitivity) analyses to quantity-specific biases (52%) or to assess the extent of bias required to shift the point estimate to the null (25%); 10% were standalone papers. The most common approach was probabilistic (57%). Misclassification was modelled in 57%, uncontrolled confounder(s) in 40% and selection bias in 17%. Most did not consider multiple biases or correlations between errors. When specified, bias parameters came from the literature (48%) more often than internal validation studies (29%). The majority (60%) of analyses resulted in &gt;10% change from the conventional point estimate; however, most investigators (63%) did not alter their original interpretation. Degree of reproducibility related to inclusion of code, formulas, sensitivity analyses and supplementary materials, as well as the QBA rationale.

Conclusions
QBA applications were rare though increased over time. Future investigators should reference good practices and include details to promote transparency and to serve as a reference for other researchers.
Synchrotron emission from a nearby zone of Sgr A
Authors: Gogaberishvili G , Osmanov Z N , Mahajan S M 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Quasi-linear diffusion (QLD), driven by cyclotron instability, is proposed as a mechanism for the possible generation of synchrotron emission in the nearby zone of Sgr A*. For physically reasonable parameters, QLD, by causing non-zero pitch angle scattering, lets electrons with relativistic factors of the order of 108 emit synchrotron radiation in the hard X-ray spectral band ∼120 keV.
From Exoticism to Interculturalism: Counterframing the East–West Binary
Authors: Everett Yayoi U 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis essay addresses the need to expand the musical repertory for analysis beyond the western canon, as well as to develop intercultural strategies for analysis that reflect the multicultural subject positions of composers, performers, and theorists. In my area of specialization, discourses on exoticism, transculturation, Orientalism, and globalization have provided frameworks for examining music composed by postwar composers of East Asian heritage, such as Chou Wen-chung, Tōru Takemitsu, Chen Yi, Isang Yun, and others. However, scholarly writings and reception of this music have tended to perpetuate the East–West binary by reinforcing musical stereotypes and familiar labels. Within the music theory, this repertory has been assimilated into the canon and legitimized through application of post-tonal and other formalized models of analysis. Prompted by developments in studies of gesture, semiotics, and East Asian cultural history and aesthetics, I explore analytical approaches that counter-frame the binarism by illustrating culture-specific modes of attending to musical gestures and expressive meanings, as exemplified in recent publications on music by Chou and Chen.
Feeding Strategies in Preterm Very Low Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Parker Leslie A. , Desorcy-Scherer Katelyn , Magalhães Marina 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Providing enteral feeds to preterm very low birth-weight (VLBW) infants is critical to optimize nutrition, enhance growth, and reduce complications. Protocols guiding feeding practices can improve outcomes, but significant variation exists between institutions, which may limit their utility. To be most effective, protocols should be based on the best available evidence.

Purpose:
To examine the state of the science on several key components of feeding protocols for VLBW infants.

Search Strategy:
The authors searched PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases for terms related to feeding VLBW infants less than 32 weeks' gestational age, including initiation of feedings, rate of feeding advancement, timing of human milk (HM) fortification, and feeding during blood transfusions, when diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and during medical treatment of PDA closure.

Results:
Initiation of feeds within the first 3 days of life and advancement by 30 mL/kg/d may decrease time to attain full feeds without increasing complications. Insufficient evidence guides optimal timing of HM fortification, as well as feeding infants undergoing blood transfusions, infants diagnosed with a PDA, and infants receiving medical treatment of PDA closure.

Implications for Practice:
Integration of existing research regarding feeding initiation and advancement into feeding protocols may improve outcomes. Infants at highest risk of feeding-related complications may benefit from a personalized feeding approach.

Implications for Research:
Additional research is needed to provide evidence concerning the optimal timing of HM fortification and feeding strategies for infants undergoing blood transfusions and those diagnosed with a PDA or receiving medical treatment of PDA closure to incorporate into evidence-based feeding protocols.
Validating a Methodology That Associates Minimum Detectable Activity with Detector Velocity
Authors: Falkner James T. , Marianno Craig M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mobile radiation detection systems are used widely in remediation and nuclear security. However, their detection efficiency and thus their minimum detectable activity is not completely understood. It is recognized that the detector’s velocity will affect its detection efficiency. At lower speeds, detection efficiency will be higher than a detector moving at higher speeds. The relationship describing how speed and efficiency are related was only recently quantified using a modified four-parameter logistic function (M4PL). The current research verifies the M4PL function in a controlled laboratory setting using a 5.08 cm × 5.08 cm sodium iodide detector at speeds between 20-120 cm s−1. As expected, the M4PL function indicates a detection system’s highest efficiency at low speeds and its lowest efficiency at higher speed. In between is a transition region of decreasing detector efficiency. This decrease is gradual within initial speeds but quickly steepens and then approaches a minimum at higher detector speeds. This general shape was observed in the experimental data and validated the M4PL function as a predictive tool. To conclude this research and to demonstrate the function’s usefulness, a relationship between speed and minimum detectable activity (MDA) was developed. Using this function and the methods described in this research, planners can now optimize surveys by controlling velocity to maintain MDA. It is also possible to use this technique to accelerate surveys while having the ability to predict the reduction in MDA. This foundational relationship between detector speed and detection efficiency has the potential to improve detector performance in various applications for both the academic and operational fields.
UTILITY OF EN FACE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN INTRAOCULAR LYMPHOMA
Authors: Venkatesh Ramesh , Sridharan Akhila , Pereira Arpitha , Mahendradas Padmamalini , Sangai Sajjan , Gurram Reddy Nikitha , Kumar Yadav Naresh 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
To report the en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) features of intraocular lymphoma.

Methods:
Retrospective, observational case report.

Results:
A 59-year-old man, a known case of primary testicular carcinoma, complained of right eye blurred vision since 1 week. He had previously undergone systemic intravenous chemotherapy (R-CHOP regimen), orchiectomy, and external beam radiotherapy for the primary malignancy. His right eye vision was 20/30, 6/6 reduced Snellen. The right eye anterior segment examination was normal. Fundus examination showed vitreous cells 1+ and a large, bumpy, subretinal dull-yellow lesion sparing the fovea with multiple discrete yellow retinal lesions at the posterior pole. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was normal. Multimodal imaging was used to document the clinical features. On the en face OCT, multiple hyperreflective lesions were identified on the superficial, deep, and outer retinal slabs of the scan corresponding to the vertical hyperreflective lesions extending from the retinal nerve fiber layer to the retinal pigment epithelium. The subretinal pigment epithelium lesion can be well delineated in the choriocapillaris segment. He was treated with multiple injections of intravitreal methotrexate 400 μg/0.1 mL along with systemic chemotherapy in conjunction with the oncologist. At the 6-month follow-up, fundus lesions had regressed. In addition, resolution of the lesions was noted on the OCT and en face OCT scans.

Conclusion:
En face OCT imaging can be considered for monitoring the therapeutic efficacy after intravitreal chemotherapy in intraocular lymphoma.
Agreement Between Physical Therapists in Diagnosing Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Galgon Anne K. , Tate Angela , Fitzpatrick Margaret , Schoenewald Wendy Webb 
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose:
Individuals with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) are frequently referred to physical therapy for management, but little is known on how reliable therapists are at diagnosing BPPV. The purpose of the study was to examine the agreement between physical therapists in identifying nystagmus and diagnosing BPPV.

Methods:
Thirty-eight individuals with complaints of positional vertigo, 19 from each of 2 clinics (clinics 1 and 2) that specialize in vestibular rehabilitation, had eye movements recorded using video goggles during positioning tests including supine-to-sit, supine roll, and Dix-Hallpike tests. Three therapists from each of the clinics independently observed videos, documented nystagmus characteristics of each testing position, and made a diagnosis for each case. Kappa (κ) statistics were calculated between therapists within each clinic for nystagmus identification and diagnosis.

Results:
Clinic 1 therapists demonstrated substantial to almost perfect agreement in identifying nystagmus during positional tests (κ = 0.68-1, P < 0.005). Clinic 2 therapists showed moderate to almost perfect agreement for presence of nystagmus (κ = 0.57-1, P < 0.005). Therapists at both sites had almost perfect agreement of diagnosis side, canal, and mechanism (κ = 0.81-1, P < 0.005).

Discussion and Conclusion:
Therapists utilized observations from multiple positional tests to determine diagnoses. This was evident by occasional disagreement in nystagmus presence and characteristics, but agreement in diagnosis, including ruling out BPPV. The results may not be generalizable to all physical therapists or therapists' ability to diagnose central and atypical nystagmus presentations. Experienced physical therapists demonstrated strong agreement in diagnosing common forms of BPPV.

Video Abstract available for more insight from the authors (see the Video Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A340).