bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐year changes in the pediatric emergency department caused by prolonged coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Bae Woori , Choi Arum , Kim Kyunghoon , Kang Hyun Mi , Kim Sae Yun , Lee Heayon , Yoo Il Han , Yang Eun Ae , Chun Yoon Hong , Bin Joong Hyun , Yoon Jong‐seo , Lee Sang Haak , Kim Hyun Hee , Kim Sukil , Jeong Dae Chul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic lasting for more than a year, it is imperative to identify the associated changes in the use of emergency medical care for efficient operation of the pediatric emergency department (PED). This study was conducted to determine the long‐term impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on patterns of PED visits.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study of visits to the PED of six hospitals, between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2020. We compared changes in the characteristics of patients before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsA total of 245 022 visits were included in this analysis. After the first case of COVID‐19 was reported in Korea, we observed a significant decrease (54.2%) in PED visits compared with the annual average number of visits in the previous 3 years. Since then, the weekly number of PED visits decreased by 11.9 person/week (95% CI: −15.3–−8.4, P < 0.001), which included an increase of 0.21% (95% CI: 0.15%–0.26%, P < 0.001) per week in high acuity patients. From 2017 to 2020, the proportion of infectious respiratory diseases by year was 25.9%, 27.0%, 28.6%, and 16.3%, respectively, demonstrating a significant decrease in 2020 (P < 0.001).ConclusionsDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, the number of patient visits to PEDs continues to decline, especially among those with infectious diseases. However, the disease severity of patients has gradually increased. There has been a change in the characteristics of visits to PEDs after COVID‐19 which will require an appropriate response from a long‐term perspective.
The analysis of genotype‐phenotype correlation in familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Ozturk Kubra , Cakan Mustafa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundFamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common monogenic autoinflammatory disease manifesting with phenotypic heterogeneity. It is a clinically diagnosed disease supported by Mediterranean fever gene mutation analysis. This medical record review study aimed to make a new interpretation of clinical features in FMF patients by grouping genetic results based on the classification proposed by the Eurofever/ Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation.MethodsThe medical charts of pediatric FMF patients who were diagnosed and followed up regularly at the two pediatric rheumatology units were reviewed. Genetic analysis results were classified as confirmatory and nonconfirmatory as defined in the new Eurofever/ Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation classification criteria, and they were compared with clinical findings.ResultsA total of 216 FMF patients were involved in the study. Group 1 was composed of 133 (61.6%) patients with a confirmatory mutation and group 2 included 83 (38.4%) patients with a nonconfirmatory mutation. All clinical findings were compared, and in terms of fever (P = 0.027), abdominal pain (P = 0.016), arthritis (P = 0.008) and erysipelas‐like erythema (ELE; P = 0.003) incidence, there was a significant difference between the two groups. The most common Mediterranean fever gene mutation patterns were homozygous (33.8%) and heterozygous (17.1%) mutations of M694V. The frequency of arthritis and ELE in patients with M694V homozygous mutations was significantly higher than in the other patients (P = 0.002 and P <0.001, respectively).ConclusionsThe most frequently observed clinical features of FMF (i.e., fever and abdominal pain) are both observed in patients with confirmatory and nonconfirmatory mutations, ELE and arthritis are more commonly observed in patients with confirmatory mutations.
Exploring instigator and defender policy scenarios in the siting of energy infrastructure
Authors: You Jongeun , Weible Christopher M. , Heikkila Tanya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEnergy infrastructure is the foundation of any modern society, yet decisions on where and how to site this infrastructure can be contentious. This article argues that energy infrastructure siting is illustrative of policy scenarios involving instigators of a proposed policy and defenders of the status quo. Through analyzing natural gas pipelines, electricity transmission lines, solar power plants, and wind power plants, and leveraging a unique dataset of over 1000 newspaper articles on 16 selected cases, we extract discourse over the project life cycle across infrastructure types and conflict intensities. This article delineates policy scenarios involving two primary sets of actors—the proposal instigator (e.g., an energy corporation) and the defender of the status quo (e.g., a community). When higher levels of conflict exist, defenders represent more actors than instigators, as defenders have the advantage of mobilizing and recruiting around the status quo. The frames used by defenders are also more diverse than those used by instigators. Additionally, the balance of discourse is associated with the characteristics of the proposal and conflict intensity, as well as who wins or loses.Related ArticlesAsh, John. 2010. “New Nuclear Energy, Risk, and Justice: Regulatory Strategies for an Era of Limited Trust.” Politics & Policy 38(2): 255–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00237.xKhodr, Hiba, and Isabella Ruble. 2013. “Energy Policies and Domestic Politics in the MENA Region in the Aftermath of the Arab Upheavals: The Cases of Lebanon, Libya, and KSA.” Politics & Policy 41(5): 656–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12033Kilinç‐Pala, Pinar Buket. 2021. “Approaches in Energy Exclusive Security: Theories of Energy Security and the Dominance of Realism.” Politics & Policy 49(3): 771–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12411
Virulence assessment of Australian Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis isolates
Authors: See Pao Theen , Chen Kefei , Marathamuthu Kalai A. , Wood Blake , Schultz Nikki , Shankar Manisha , Moffat Caroline S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe virulence of 57 Australian isolates of Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis (Ptr), a necrotrophic fungal pathogen responsible for the major wheat disease tan spot, was assessed through plant infection assays. Isolates collected from the northern, southern, and western wheat‐cropping regions of Australia were evaluated against 16 Australian bread wheat cultivars under controlled growth conditions. Following infection, the wheat panel displayed varying disease symptoms ranging from tiny necrotic specks to spreading chlorotic and necrotic lesions. Analysis of variance indicated that the wheat cultivar exhibited a greater effect on the disease response, explaining 62.7% of the variation, in comparison to the isolate (10.4%). The interaction between the cultivar and the isolate was statistically significant and was attributed to 9.8% of the total variation. All Ptr isolates examined were able to cause disease, but did not display a clear distinction in virulence on the wheat panel investigated, instead showing subtle differences in aggressiveness. Based on the disease responses, there was no obvious pattern between isolate aggressiveness and cropping region. Some cultivars, such as Hydra, exhibited an effective level of resistance in relation to the panel of isolates tested. All 57 Ptr isolates were found to possess the ToxA effector gene and lack the ToxB effector gene. The gene expression level of ToxA was up‐regulated at 3 days postinfection in both ToxA‐sensitive and ‐insensitive cultivars, independent of ToxA–Tsn1 recognition.
Joint effects of exporting and outward FDI on firm‐level capital investment in India
Authors: Girma Sourafel , Maemir Hibret 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the simultaneous impacts of exporting and outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on the domestic investment of Indian manufacturing firms. Combining difference‐in‐differences with generalized propensity score matching estimators, we find that greater engagement in exporting and OFDI is associated with a higher domestic capital investment, although the magnitude of these effects differs across firms depending on the intensity of their participation and the interaction between these two decisions. Whereas exporting is associated with a monotonic increase in firms’ domestic capital investment, we find a hump‐shaped relationship between the intensity of firms’ OFDI engagement and their subsequent domestic capital investment. We also document evidence that firms that simultaneously export and invest abroad tend to exhibit a higher level of domestic investment, suggesting that these two decisions are complementary in relation to their effect on domestic capital investment.
Immunomodulatory potential of flavonoids for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and tumour
Authors: Han Limin , Fu Qiang , Deng Chuan , Luo Li , Xiang Tengxiao , Zhao Hailong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe immune system plays an indispensable role in maintaining human health against the invasion of foreign materials, microorgainisms and pathogens. The autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders are characterized by dysregulated immune responses resulting in excessive and uncontrolled tissue inflammation, as well as tumour, and others. In recent years, flavonoids are widely recognized as potentially natural polyphenol compounds for the treatment of multiple diseases, given their immunomodulatory activity, antioxidant and antineoplastic activities. However, the exact mechanisms of flavonoids on the immune system and inhibiting tumour remains unclear. This review article provides an overview of the impact and mechanism of flavonoids on innate and adaptive immune system through the analysis of various immune cells. Meanwhile, we also explain the probable therapeutic mechanism of flavonoids on tumour and other chronic diseases. Overall, this review may provide a certain theoretical direction and theoretical basis for the application of flavonoids in the treatment of immune‐related disorders and tumour.
SARS‐CoV‐2 prevalence and transmission in swimming activities: Results from a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Termansen Martin Brink , Christiansen Ask Vest , Frische Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

There is an urgent need for research on the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), as the transmissibility differs between settings and populations. Here we report on a questionnaire‐based retrospective cohort study of the prevalence and transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 among participants in swimming activities in Denmark in the last 5 months of 2020 during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Eight of 162 swimming activities with a SARS‐CoV‐2 positive participant led to transmission to 23 other participants. Overall, the percentage of episodes leading to transmission was 4.9% (competitive swimming 8.9%; recreational swimming 1.3%). Overall, the incidence rate of transmission was 19.5 participants per 100 000 pool activity hours (corresponding values: 43.5 and 4.7 for competitive and recreational swimming, respectively).Compliance with precautionary restrictions was highest regarding hand hygiene (98.1%) and lowest in distancing personal sports bags (69.9%). As a result of low statistical power, the study showed no significant effect of restrictions.Insight into the risk of transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 during indoor swimming is needed to estimate the efficiency of restrictive measures on this and other sports and leisure activities. Only when we know how the virus spreads through various settings, optimal strategies to handle the COVID‐19 pandemic can be developed.
Digital mapping of soil carbon sequestration potential with enhanced vegetation cover over New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Gray Jonathan M. , Wang Bin , Waters Cathleen M. , Orgill Susan E. , Cowie Annette L. , Ng Ee Ling 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDigital soil maps of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration potential resulting from a hypothetical 10% relative increase in long‐term vegetation cover are presented at 100‐m resolution across the state of New South Wales (NSW) in southeast Australia. This land management outcome is considered realistically achievable for many land managers, using strategies such as revegetation, grazing management or crop residue management. A mean state‐wide potential increase of 5.4 Mg ha−1 over the 0‐ to 30‐cm depth interval was derived. Assuming a 20‐year period of re‐equilibration, this equates to an average SOC increase of 0.27 Mg ha−1 year−1. Sequestration potential is systematically influenced by a combination of climate, soil parent material and current vegetation cover, for example only 1.6 Mg ha−1 SOC under dry conditions in sandy, infertile soil material with sparse vegetation cover, compared with 15.9 Mg ha−1 under wet conditions in clay‐rich, fertile soil material with moderate–high vegetation cover. The outputs could be used to identify locations of highest sequestration potential and thereby help prioritize areas and inform decisions on sequestration programmes. Future application of the method at field scale with high levels of accuracy, together with strategic sampling, may provide statistically reliable estimates of carbon sequestration, for application in carbon trading schemes such as Australia's Emissions Reduction Fund. The modelling involved a conceptually transparent ‘space‐for‐time substitution’ process. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF) modelling techniques were applied, but only MLR gave consistently meaningful results. The apparent failing of RF in this application warrants further examination.
BBX21 reduces abscisic acid sensitivity, mesophyll conductance and chloroplast electron transport capacity to increase photosynthesis and water use efficiency in potato plants cultivated under moderated drought
Authors: Gómez‐Ocampo Gabriel , Ploschuk Edmundo L. , Mantese Anita , Crocco Carlos D. , Botto Javier F. 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARYThe B‐box (BBX) proteins are zinc‐finger transcription factors with a key role in growth and developmental regulatory networks mediated by light. AtBBX21 overexpressing (BBX21‐OE) potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants, cultivated in optimal water conditions, have a higher photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance without penalty in water use efficiency (WUE) and with a higher tuber yield. In this work, we cultivated potato plants in two water regimes: 100 and 35% field capacity of water restriction that imposed leaf water potentials between −0.3 and −1.2 MPa for vegetative and tuber growth during 14 or 28 days, respectively. We found that 42‐day‐old plants of BBX21‐OE were more tolerant to water restriction with higher levels of chlorophylls and tuber yield than wild‐type spunta (WT) plants. In addition, the BBX21‐OE lines showed higher photosynthesis rates and WUE under water restriction during the morning. Mechanistically, we found that BBX21‐OE lines were more tolerant to moderated drought by enhancing mesophyll conductance (gm) and maximum capacity of electron transport (Jmax), and by reducing abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity in plant tissues. By RNA‐seq analysis, we found 204 genes whose expression decreased by drought in WT plants and expressed independently of the water condition in BBX21‐OE lines as SAP12, MYB73, EGYP1, TIP2‐1 and DREB2A, and expressions were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. These results suggest that BBX21 interplays with the ABA and growth signaling networks, improving the photosynthetic behavior in suboptimal water conditions with an increase in potato tuber yield.
Retrospective evaluation of the utility of blood cultures in dogs (2009–2018): 45 cases
Authors: Saarenkari Heidi K. , Sharp Claire R. , Smart Lisa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is no consensus on obtaining blood cultures routinely in companion animals with suspected sepsis, and there is a paucity of evidence concerning their utility. The objectives of this retrospective study were to determine the yield of positive blood cultures from hospitalized dogs, the prevalence of resistant bacteria, and the frequency and nature of changes to antimicrobial therapy once the culture result became available.Key FindingsForty‐five dogs had a blood culture submitted over a 10‐year period, of which 9(20%) yielded positive growth and 36 (80%) yielded no bacterial growth. The most frequent reasons for submission of blood culture were pyrexia of unknown origin (n = 14), suspected soft tissue infection (7), and suspected discospondylitis (7). The most frequent final diagnoses were soft tissue infection (n = 11), discospondylitis (7), and unknown (6). No significant difference was found between the culture‐positive versus culture‐negative groups with regard to the most frequent reasons for blood culture (P = 0.55), final diagnoses (P = 0.80), survival until the blood culture result (P = 0.37), or whether the infection was hospital‐ or community‐acquired (P = 0.99). There were significantly more immunosuppressed dogs in the culture‐positive group (P = 0.02). Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was documented in all dogs with susceptibility reported. In the culture‐positive dogs, 63% had antimicrobial de‐escalation and none had escalation, whereas 19% of the culture‐negative dogs had de‐escalation and 7% had escalation.ConclusionBlood cultures were submitted infrequently, but the proportion of resistance was higher than expected and supports the use of blood cultures in cases of suspected infection resulting in bacteremia.
Effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the formation and structure of aerobic granular sludge performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal
Authors: Cetin Ender , Aleksanyan Magden Karin , Zhou Yan , Yilmaz Gulsum 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe study investigated the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the formation of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) granular sludge without losing the EBPR capacity, and its structure. The effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the formation of EBPR granular sludge was evaluated by using the minimum settling velocity, (Vs)min, and superficial air velocity. The application of (Vs)min strategy was proved to be beneficial in maintaining granular biomass without losing the EBPR capacity. Microscale structure, the chemical composition and chemically stored phosphorus of the matured EBPR granular sludge were determined by using ESEM‐EDX and cold perchloric acid (PCA) analyses. The results of both the ESEM‐EDX and PCA analyses proved that the poly‐P granules were stored extracellular in EPS structure of EBPR granular sludge. Therefore, the EBPR granular sludge has a high potential for both removal and recovery of phosphorus from wastewater, which needs to be investigated in future studies.
Should electronic differential diagnosis support be used early or late in the diagnostic process? A multicentre experimental study of Isabel
Authors: Sibbald Matt , Monteiro Sandra , Sherbino Jonathan , LoGiudice Andrew , Friedman Charles , Norman Geoffrey 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundDiagnostic errors unfortunately remain common. Electronic differential diagnostic support (EDS) systems may help, but it is unclear when and how they ought to be integrated into the diagnostic process.ObjectiveTo explore how much EDS improves diagnostic accuracy, and whether EDS should be used early or late in the diagnostic process.Setting6 Canadian medical schools. A volunteer sample of 67 medical students, 62 residents in internal medicine or emergency medicine, and 61 practising internists or emergency medicine physicians were recruited in May through June 2020.InterventionParticipants were randomised to make use of EDS either early (after the chief complaint) or late (after the complete history and physical is available) in the diagnostic process while solving each of 16 written cases. For each case, we measured the number of diagnoses proposed in the differential diagnosis and how often the correct diagnosis was present within the differential.ResultsEDS increased the number of diagnostic hypotheses by 2.32 (95% CI 2.10 to 2.49) when used early in the process and 0.89 (95% CI 0.69 to 1.10) when used late in the process (both p<0.001). Both early and late use of EDS increased the likelihood of the correct diagnosis being present in the differential (7% and 8%, respectively, both p<0.001). Whereas early use increased the number of diagnostic hypotheses (most notably for students and residents), late use increased the likelihood of the correct diagnosis being present in the differential regardless of one’s experience level.Conclusions and relevanceEDS increased the number of diagnostic hypotheses and the likelihood of the correct diagnosis appearing in the differential, and these effects persisted irrespective of whether EDS was used early or late in the diagnostic process.
COVID-19 hospital prevalence as a risk factor for mortality: an observational study of a multistate cohort of 62 hospitals
Authors: Fakih Mohamad Ghazi , Ottenbacher Allison , Yehia Baligh , Fogel Richard , Miller Collin , Winegar Angela , Jesser Christine , Cacchione Joseph 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe associated mortality with COVID-19 has improved compared with the early pandemic period. The effect of hospital COVID-19 patient prevalence on COVID-19 mortality has not been well studied.MethodsWe analysed data for adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to 62 hospitals within a multistate health system over 12 months. Mortality was evaluated based on patient demographic and clinical risk factors, COVID-19 hospital prevalence and calendar time period of the admission, using a generalised linear mixed model with site of care as the random effect.Results38 104 patients with COVID-19 were hospitalised, and during their encounters, the prevalence of COVID-19 averaged 16% of the total hospitalised population. Between March–April 2020 and January–February 2021, COVID-19 mortality declined from 19% to 12% (p<0.001). In the adjusted multivariable analysis, mid and high COVID-19 inpatient prevalence were associated with a 25% and 41% increase in the odds (absolute contribution to probability of death of 2%–3%) of COVID-19 mortality compared with patients with COVID-19 in facilities with low prevalence (<10%), respectively (high prevalence >25%: adjusted OR (AOR) 1.41, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.61; mid-prevalence (10%–25%): AOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.38). Mid and high COVID-19 prevalence accounted for 76% of patient encounters.ConclusionsAlthough inpatient mortality for patients with COVID-19 has sharply declined compared with earlier in the pandemic, higher COVID-19 hospital prevalence remained a common risk factor for COVID-19 mortality. Hospital leaders need to reconsider how we provide support to care for patients in times of increased volume and complexity, such as those experienced during COVID-19 surges.