bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the hydrological difference between catchments above and below the intermittent‐persistent snow transition
Authors: Harrison Hannah N. , Hammond John C. , Kampf Stephanie , Kiewiet Leonie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBecause of the importance of snow for river discharge in mountain regions, hydrological research often focuses on seasonally snow‐covered zones. However, in many basins the majority of the land surface area is intermittently snow‐covered. Discharge monitoring in these areas is less common, so their contributions to downstream rivers remain largely unknown. We evaluated hydrological differences between three intermittently snow‐covered (mean annual Jan 1–Jul 3 snow persistence <60%) and two seasonally snow‐covered headwater catchments in the Colorado Front Range. We compared water balance variables to evaluate how and why discharge differs between the snow zones and estimated the relative contributions from each snow zone to regional river discharge. We focused on water years 2016–2019 and used a combination of in situ sensors and regional climate datasets. Annual discharge from the intermittent snow zone was low for all three catchments (10–77 mm), despite covering a wide range in annual snow persistence (25%–64%), whereas annual discharge from the seasonal snow zone was up to 73 times higher. Soil moisture in the seasonal snow zone was above field capacity for longer periods of time than in the intermittent snow zone, and the intermittent snow zone was uniquely subject to soil freezing (up to 102 days per year). For most of the year, potential evapotranspiration exceeded rainfall and snowmelt inputs in the intermittent snow zone, but was lower than rainfall and snowmelt inputs in the seasonal snow zone. This is likely a primary driver of the differences in soil moisture and discharge for catchments with a seasonal versus intermittent snow cover. Despite the large difference in discharge between these two snow zones, the intermittent snow zone contributed about a quarter of the discharge in the regional river, highlighting the importance of studying discharge generation across all elevations.
More crops whilst saving drops using an optimization model—A case from Bangladesh*
Authors: Mullick Md. Reaz Akter , Rahman Md Salman , Haque Md. Panjarul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aims to determine the optimal use of irrigation water and irrigable area in the Karnafuli Irrigation Project (KIP) of Bangladesh by developing an optimization model using linear programming. The project consists of two units, namely, Halda and Ichamati, and the units are fed with Karnafuli river water. Required data were collected from several government offices and from the CMIP5 model. Considering existing cropping practice, irrigation supply, and future climate, the optimization model was run for four different scenarios. Climate change‐induced effects appeared as non‐significant in the optimization. In the Halda Unit, the existing cropping intensity is 136%, whereas optimal cropping intensity can be increased up to 200%. In the Ichamati Unit, optimal cropping intensity for all scenarios is in between 175% and 200%, where the existing intensity is 150%. An increase in cropping intensity in both the units in optimal scenarios results in higher benefits. At the same time, the implementation of the optimal situation in the KIP can save 20% of the diverted water, indicating the possibility of greater yields and subsequent greater benefits even if the existing water supply is saved. The outcomes of the research have been communicated to the regional extension office for implementation.
Different grinding speeds affect induced regeneration capacity of human treated dentin matrix
Authors: Li Min , Yang Sen , Song Jinlin , Fu Tiwei , Liang Panpan , Gao Zhi , Tang Jing , Guo Lijuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHuman‐treated dentin matrix (hTDM) is a biomaterial scaffold, which can induce implant cells to differentiate into odontoblasts and then form neo‐dentin. However, hTDM with long storage or prepared by high‐speed handpiece would not to form neo‐dentin. In this research, we developed two fresh hTDM with different grinding speeds, which were low‐speed hTDM (LTDM) with maximum speed of 500 rpm and high‐speed hTDM (HTDM) with a speed of 3,80,000 rpm. Here, we aim to understand whether there were induced regeneration capacity differences between LTDM and HTDM. Scanning electron microscope showed that DFCs grew well on both materials, but the morphology of DFCs and the extracellular matrix was different. Especially, the secreted extracellular matrixes on the inner surface of LTDM were regular morphology and ordered arrangement around the dentin tubules. The transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), western blot and immunofluorescence assay showed that the dentin markers DSPP and DMP‐1 were about 2× greater in DFCs induced by LTDM than by HTDM, and osteogenic marker BSP was about 2× greater in DFCs induced by HTDM than by LTDM. Histological examinations of the harvested grafts observed the formation of neo‐tissue were different, and there were neo‐dentin formed on the inner surface of LTDM and neo‐cementum formed on the outer surface of HTDM. In summary, it found that the induction abilities of LTDM and HTDM are different, and the dentin matrix is directional. This study lays a necessary foundation for searching the key factors of dentin regeneration in future.
Longitudinal Imaging of the Skull Base Synchondroses Demonstrate Prevention of a Premature Ossification After Recifercept Treatment in Mouse Model of Achondroplasia
Authors: Rignol Guylene , Garcia Stephanie , Authier Florence , Smith Kaamula , Tosello Lionel , Marsault Raphael , Dellugat Pierre , Goncalves Diogo , Brouillard Marlene , Stavenhagen Jeffrey , Santarelli Luca , Czech Christian , Gouze Elvire 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTAchondroplasia is the most common form of short‐limb dwarfism. In this disorder, endochondral ossification is impaired due to gain‐of‐function mutation in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene. In addition to short limbs, cranial base bones are also affected leading to shortening of the skull base and to serious neurological complications associated with foramen magnum stenosis. These complications are thought to be due to the delay or premature arrest of skull base growth, caused by an accelerated ossification of the sphenooccipital (SOS) and the intraoccipital (IOS) synchondroses. Skull synchondroses consist of two opposite growth plates sharing a common reserve zone of chondrocytes. In this study, we first characterized the skull base synchondroses ossification in a mouse model of achondroplasia carrying the human G380R mutation (Fgfr3ach/+). We then addressed whether Recifercept, a soluble FGFR3, could prevent premature closure of these synchondroses. Postnatal radiological observations revealed the presence of bony bridge structures in one or more synchondroses in Fgfr3ach/+ mice as early as postnatal day 3 in the most severe cases. The presence of early ossification correlated with the severity of the disease as it was associated with an arrest of the cranial base bone growth. Histological analyses indicated changes in the synchondroses structure and matrix proteoglycan contents confirming a process of ossification. Treatment of Fgfr3ach/+ mice with Recifercept compared with vehicle prevented premature synchondrosis ossification and the transition to bone, resulting in improved skull shape and cranium ratio. Given the impact of Recifercept on synchondrosis inactivation, it is possible that it could prevent one of the most severe complication of achondroplasia if used early enough during bone development. These data support the clinical development of Recifercept for achondroplasia, and suggests that early treatment may be required to best address impaired endochondral bone growth. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Age-Related Changes in Bone Density, Microarchitecture, and Strength in Postmenopausal Black and White Women: The SWAN Longitudinal HR-pQCT Study
Authors: Johannesdottir Fjola , Putman Melissa S , Burnett-Bowie Sherri-Ann M , Finkelstein Joel S , Yu Elaine W , Bouxsein Mary L 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Higher fracture risk in White versus Black women is partly explained by lower BMD and worse bone microarchitecture in White women. However, whether rates of decline in bone density, microarchitecture and strength differ between postmenopausal Black and White women is unknown. Further, factors that influence rates of age-related bone microarchitecture deterioration remain ill-defined. Thus, over 6.7 years, longitudinal changes were measured in peripheral volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), microarchitecture, and strength at the distal radius and tibia using HR-pQCT in postmenopausal Black (n = 80) and White (n = 137) women participating in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. It was assessed whether age-related changes in vBMD and microarchitecture were influenced by body weight, body composition, and/or weight change. It was found that at the radius, where White women appeared to have slightly greater rates of loss in total vBMD, cortical bone volume, and porosity than Black women, those differences were attenuated after adjusting for clinical covariates. At the tibia, Black and White women had similar rates of bone loss. Independent of race and other clinical covariates, women with the lowest baseline body weight experienced the greatest decline in total and trabecular vBMD at the radius. Furthermore, women who lost weight over the follow-up period had higher rates of bone loss, particularly at the tibia, compared with those who maintained or gained weight. Higher baseline total body fat mass was also protective of bone loss at both the radius and tibia. In conclusion, these findings indicate that lower fracture risk among postmenopausal Black women is not caused by slower rates of bone deterioration, and highlight the importance for postmenopausal women to avoid lower body weight and excessive weight loss to avert rapid bone loss and subsequent fractures. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Examining the relationships between data‐guided innovations and pre‐k students' social‐emotional development
Authors: Salim Khalil B. , Kilmer Ryan P. , Cook James R. , Armstrong Laura M. , Gadaire Andrew P. , Simmons Caitlin J. , Morris Victoria G. , Thiery Tracy L. , Babb Mary J. , Day Peggy W. , Messinger Lindsay G. , Larson Jacqueline C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present study examined the effects of data‐guided innovations on students’ social‐emotional (SE) development within prekindergarten settings. Specifically, this study examined the effects of a pilot effort that sought to improve instructional quality through the use of structured classroom observations by coaches to help support teacher implementation of curricula and evidence‐based practices. In addition, teachers used formative assessments of students’ SE functioning to guide and individualize their instruction. To examine the effects of the multicomponent intervention, this study compared the SE functioning of students across three conditions: (1) students whose teachers received no data‐guided innovations; (2) students whose teachers received SE formative assessments; and (3) students whose teachers received both SE formative assessments and performance‐based feedback using structured classroom observations. Students whose teachers received both SE formative assessments and performance‐based feedback using structured classroom observations evidenced significantly greater SE competencies than those in the control group. Additionally, students whose teachers just received SE formative assessments evidenced greater SE competencies than those in the control group, however, the differences were not significant. Results indicate the potential value of these data‐guided innovations for improving prekindergarten student outcomes such as SE development and point to the next steps for future research.
Social capital as mediating factor on COVID‐19 induced psychological distress: The case of college students living through an outbreak
Authors: M. Fulkerson Gregory , Thomas Alexander R. , McCarthy Michael , Seale Elizabeth , Han Sallie , Kemmerer Kirsten , Zians James 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis investigation examines the interplay between individual‐level social capital, psychological distress, and the effects of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak on a college campus. Data were collected from students at two colleges in early 2021. Hypotheses were formed based on prior research on social capital and the COVID pandemic. A structural equation model was constructed to allow the modeling of both latent and observed variables. The Kessler‐6 measures were used to create a latent psychological distress variable, which was the dependent variable. Predictor variables include whether the student experienced the outbreak, the student's race and gender, and the level of reported individual social capital (having supportive and rewarding relationships). Our findings suggest that the most robust predictor of reduced psychological distress was individual social capital, which also served as an intermediary between the outbreak and distress. Social capital mediates psychological distress in an outbreak.
Biocatalytic depolymerization of waste polyester mooring lines from oil and gas offshore platforms made of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)
Authors: de Castro Aline M , Carniel Adriano , Menezes Sonia M , Chinelatto Júnior Luiz S , de Honorato Hercílio , Lima Aline P , Chaves Erica G 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe global concern of plastic pollution in the environment has consistently been emerging in the past years. As one of the main polymers constituting single‐use products, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is found in a plethora of packages for diverse sectors, and its recycling has been broadly addressed. However, other relevant industrial PET wastes have not been under investigation for recycling purposes, such as the polyester mooring lines (PMLs) used to anchor offshore oil and gas floating platforms. In this study, the fibers from either new or used PMLs were characterized according to different techniques (differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy), which allowed the interpretation of their chemical and thermal properties. The fibers were then used in depolymerization reactions under the catalysis of the cutinase enzyme from Humicola insolens and under different process conditions (fiber length, buffer composition, enzyme dosage, temperature, pH).RESULTSCharacterization of PMLs revealed inorganic incrustation in the external fibers, and very similar crystallinity degrees. The molecular weight, on the other hand, was found to be lower in new mooring lines (27 489 g mol−1) as compared to used mooring lines (35 813–36 785 g mol−1). Throughout depolymerization reactions, a total concentration increase of terephthalic acid of up to 7.4 times (2593 μmol L–1) was achieved.CONCLUSIONThe results proved the concept that the studied cutinase can act on PET chains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe an enzyme‐catalyzed depolymerization of PET from mooring lines, and the results add relevant knowledge for a circular economy of plastic products.
Interplay between cardiolipin and plasmalogens in Barth syndrome
Authors: Bozelli José Carlos , Epand Richard M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBarth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare inherited metabolic disease resulting from mutations in the gene of the enzyme tafazzin, which catalyzes the acyl chain remodeling of the mitochondrial‐specific lipid cardiolipin (CL). Tissue samples of individuals with BTHS present abnormalities in the level and the molecular species of CL. In addition, in tissues of a tafazzin knockdown mouse as well as in cells derived from BTHS patients it has been shown that plasmalogens, a subclass of glycerophospholipids, also have abnormal levels. Likewise, administration of a plasmalogen precursor to cells derived from BTHS patients led to an increase in plasmalogen and to some extent CL levels. These results indicate an interplay between CL and plasmalogens in BTHS. This interdependence is supported by the concomitant loss in these lipids in different pathological conditions. However, currently the molecular mechanism linking CL and plasmalogens is not fully understood. Here, a review of the evidence showing the linkage between the levels of CL and plasmalogens is presented. In addition, putative mechanisms that might play a role in this interplay are proposed. Finally, the opportunity of therapeutic approaches based on the regulation of plasmalogens as new therapies for the treatment of BTHS is discussed.
Utility, promise, and limitations of liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐based therapeutic drug monitoring in precision medicine
Authors: Gaspar Vanessa P. , Ibrahim Sahar , Zahedi René P. , Borchers Christoph H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is typically referred to as the measurement of the concentration of drugs in patient blood. Although in the past, TDM was restricted to drugs with a narrow therapeutic range in order to avoid drug toxicity, TDM has recently become a major tool for precision medicine being applied to many more drugs. Through compensating for interindividual differences in a drug's pharmacokinetics, improved dosing of individual patients based on TDM ensures maximum drug effectiveness while minimizing side effects. This is especially relevant for individuals that present a particularly high intervariability in pharmacokinetics, such as newborns, or for critically/severely ill patients. In this article, we will review the applications for and limitations of TDM, discuss for which patients TDM is most beneficial and why, examine which techniques are being used for TDM, and demonstrate how mass spectrometry is increasingly becoming a reliable and convenient alternative for the TDM of different classes of drugs. We will also highlight the advances, challenges, and limitations of the existing repertoire of TDM methods and discuss future opportunities for TDM‐based precision medicine.
Design of experiment‐based LC‐MS/MS method development for simultaneous estimation of nateglinide and metformin hydrochloride in rat plasma
Authors: Patel Dhrumi , Vora Amisha , Wairkar Sarika , YC Mayur 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis research aims to develop and validate a bioanalytical method for simultaneous estimation of an antidiabetic combination using LC‐MS/MS in rat plasma. Nateglinide and metformin hydrochloride are commonly used combination for clinical management of Type 2 diabetes. Hence, simultaneous determination in plasma is essential for the rapid analysis of samples from the pharmacokinetic studies. Statistical optimization was carried out for liquid chromatography (LC) parameters and mass spectroscopic (MS) parameters by design of experiment (DoE) (Design Expert Version 11, Stat Ease Inc., USA) approach. A 33full factorial design was used for optimization of LC parameters; %methanol, %formic acid, and flow rate were selected as independent variables, whereas peak area and tailing factor were considered as dependent variables for both drugs. Box–Behnken design was used to optimize MS parameters including drying gas flow rate, nebulizing gas flow rate, DL temperature, heat block temperature, and positive voltage as independent factors, and responses selected were [M + H]+intensity of nateglinide and metformin hydrochloride. The [M + H]+intensity of the optimized method for nateglinide and metformin hydrochloride were 2,462,838 and 11,873,826, respectively. The model was found significant for optimizing LC and MS parameters withp < 0.05 for both nateglinide and metformin hydrochloride. The optimized method was validated as per the ICH‐M10 guideline, which was accurate, precise, and selective. The method was cost‐effective and capable of quantitating concentrations in picogram levels for nateglinide and metformin hydrochloride simultaneously.
Inhibition of receptor‐binding domain—ACE2 interaction after two doses of Sinovac's CoronaVac or AstraZeneca/Oxford's AZD1222 SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines
Authors: Silva Valéria O. , Yamashiro Rosemeire , Ahagon Cintia M. , de Campos Ivana B. , de Oliveira Isabela P. , de Oliveira Elaine L. , López‐Lopes Giselle I. S. , Matsuda Elaine M. , Castejon Marcia J. , de Macedo Brígido Luís F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPractical laboratory proxies that correlate to vaccine efficacy may facilitate trials, identify nonresponders, and inform about boosting strategies. Among clinical and laboratory markers, assays that evaluate antibodies that inhibit receptor‐binding domain (RBD) ligation to angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 receptor (receptor‐binding inhibition [RBI]) may provide a surrogate for viral neutralization assays. We evaluated RBI before and after a median of 34 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 33–40) of the second dose of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Sinovac's CoronaVac (CN) or AstraZeneca/Oxford's AZD1222 (AZ) vaccines in 166 individuals. Both vaccines elicited high inhibitory titers in most subjects, 95% (158/166), with signal inhibition above 30% and 89% (127/143) with more than fourfold increase from prevaccination titers, but titers tend to decrease over time. Both postvaccination inhibitory titers (95%, IQR 85%–97% for AZ vs. 79%, IQR 60%–96% for CN, p = 0.004) and pre/post‐titer increase (AZ 76%, IQR 51%–86% for AZ vs. 47%, IQR 24%–67% for CN, p < 0.0001) were higher among AZ vaccinees. Previous serological reactivity due to natural infection was associated with high prevaccination signal inhibition titers. The study documents a robust antibody response capable of interfering with RBD–angiotensin‐converting enzyme binding. Evaluation of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection incidence in these populations is necessary to assess its association to protection and its duration.