bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderne Diagnostik bei ösophagealen Motilitätsstörungen
Authors: Levenfus Jan , Pohl Daniel 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungFür die Abklärung oberer gastrointestinaler Symptome wie der Dysphagie, nichtkardialer Thoraxschmerzen, Regurgitationen sowie des gastroösophagealen Refluxes stellt die hochauflösende Ösophagusmanometrie einen Goldstandard der modernen gastroenterologischen Funktionsdiagnostik dar. Seit Erscheinen der Chicago-Klassifikation 1.0 im Jahr 2008 als Befundungsrichtlinie folgten mehrere Überarbeitungen. Mittlerweile liegt nun die Version 4.0 vor, in der ein standardisiertes Protokoll sowie Weiterentwicklungen der differenzierbaren Störungen des EGJ-Abflusses sowie der tubulären Peristaltik enthalten sind. Ferner wurden mehrere Provokationsmanöver wie Positionswechsel, schnelle Trinkversuche sowie feste Testmahlzeiten integriert, welche bei nicht eindeutigen Befunden angewandt werden können. Einbezogen werden auch weitere moderne Verfahren, wie der Bariumbreischluck sowie die endoskopische Impedanzplanimetrie mittels FLIP(„functional lumen imaging probe“)-Technik, bei denen anhand der Messung von Durchmesser und Distensibilität eine erweiterte Motilitätsdiagnostik erfolgt und auch Aussagen über die Peristaltik getroffen werden können. Ziel der ösophagealen Funktionsuntersuchungen ist die Identifikation allfälliger peristaltischer oder statischer Motilitätsdefekte bei Patienten mit Symptomen einer ösophagealen Dysfunktion, welche für eine zielführende Therapiewahl wichtig sind.
Nonintensivist Training to Increase the Staff Capacity of Intensive Care Units During COVID-19 Pandemic Surge in Argentina
Authors: Monteverde Ezequiel , Bosque Laura , Klappenbach Roberto , Baliña Joaquín , Lartigue Betina , Arán María Inés , Cano Nicolás , Reina Rosa , Silberman Pedro , Ortiz Claudio , Gutiérrez Vicente , Neira Jorge 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study was to report the results of a nationwide critical-care course for non-intensivists to increase staff capacity of intensive care units (ICUs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Argentina.

Methods:
Three academic organizations, with special funding from 55 private companies, developed a short virtual course comprised of Web-based videos, virtual tutorials, and a forum chat. Each state assigned scholarships to non-ICU staff from public hospitals. Students received active follow-up for the completion of the course and took a survey upon course completion.

Results:
After 4 m, there were 10,123 students registered from 661 hospitals in 328 cities. Of these, 67.8% passed the course, 29.1% were still ongoing, and 3.1% were inactive. Most students were female (74.2%) with a median of 37 y old (IQR 31-44). The group was composed of 56.5% nurses, 36.2% physicians, and 7.4% physiotherapists, of whom 48.3% did not have any experience in critical care. Mean overall satisfaction was 4.4/5 (standard deviation, 0.9), and 90.7% considered they were able to apply the contents to their practice.

Conclusions:
This course was effective for rapid training of non-ICU personnel. The assignment strategy, the educational techniques, and the close follow-up led to low dropout and high success rates and satisfaction.
From Impossibility to Evidentialism?
Authors: Worsnip Alex 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt's often said that it is impossible to respond to non-evidential considerations in belief-formation, at least not directly and consciously. Many philosophers think that this provides grounds for accepting a normative thesis: typically, some kind of evidentialism about reasons for belief, or what one ought to believe. Some also think it supports thinking that evidentialist norms are constitutive of belief. There are a variety of ways in which one might try to support such theses by appeal to the impossibility-claim. In this paper, I put pressure on these various attempts by raising a simple yet overlooked problem for them. In brief, the problem is that it isn't true that one cannot (directly and consciously) respond, in belief-formation to considerations that don't actually constitute (good) evidence for the proposition under consideration; what is true, at most, is that one cannot (directly and consciously) respond, in belief-formation to considerations that one oneself takes to be evidentially irrelevant to that proposition. While this point is obvious once stated, its significance hasn't been appreciated, or so I'll argue. Once we take full account of it, the standard arguments from the impossibility-claim to evidentialism don't go through.
Anxiety and depression in two indigenous communities in Bangladesh
Authors: Faruk Md. Omar , Nijhum Rehnuma Pervin , Khatun Mosammat N. , Powell Graham E. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
The mental health status of indigenous people in Bangladesh has attracted little or no attention. The objective of the present study is to determine the extent of symptoms of anxiety and depression in the two largest indigenous communities in Bangladesh.

Methods
In total, 240 participants were recruited, 120 from each of the Marma and Chakma communities with an overall mean age of 44.09 years (s.d. 15.73). Marma people were older (mean ages 48.92 v. 39.25, p < 0.001). Participants completed the Anxiety Scale (AS) and Depression Scale (DS) that have been developed and standardised in Bangladesh in the Bangla (Bengali) language.

Results
Results indicated that anxiety and depression scores were elevated in both communities, 59.2% of the participants scoring above the cut-off for clinical significance on AS and 58.8% of the participants scoring above the cut-off for clinical significance on DS. Marma people compared to Chakma people were more anxious (M = 59.49 v. 43.00, p < 0.001) and more depressed (M = 106.78 v. 82.30, p < 0.001). The demographic variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status were weakly or inconsistently related to scores. In the Marma people, females scored higher on both AS and DS, but in the Chakma community, males scored higher on AS and the same on DS.

Conclusion
The finding of significant anxiety and depression in communities with such limited mental health services is a matter of concern and emphasises the need to formulate and implement appropriate mental health policies for indigenous people in Bangladesh and other parts of the world.
The Shifting Relationship between Post-War Capitalism and Democracy (TheGovernment and Opposition/Leonard Schapiro Lecture, 2021)
Authors: Hall Peter A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article argues that the relationship between capitalism and democracy is not immutable but subject to changes over time best understood as movements across distinctive growth and representation regimes. Growth regimes are the institutionalized practices central to how a country secures economic prosperity based on complementary sets of firm strategies and government policies. Representation regimes reflect conditions in the arenas of electoral and producer group politics that confer influence on specific segments of the population. The emphasis is on how economic experiences and changes in the structure of electoral cleavages alter the terms of political contestation, thereby giving voice to specific sets of interests and altering the balance of influence between capitalism and democracy. The analysis examines how the growth and representation regimes of the developed democracies have changed through three post-war eras to yield distinctive distributive outcomes in each era.
Neural responses during down-regulation of negative emotion in patients with recently diagnosed bipolar disorder and their unaffected relatives
Authors: Kjærstad Hanne Lie , Macoveanu Julian , Knudsen Gitte Moos , Frangou Sophia , Phan K. Luan , Vinberg Maj , Kessing Lars Vedel , Miskowiak Kamilla Woznica 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAberrant emotion regulation has been posited as a putative endophenotype of bipolar disorder (BD). We therefore aimed to compare the neural responses during voluntary down-regulation of negative emotions in a large functional magnetic resonance imaging study of BD, patients' unaffected first-degree relatives (URs), and healthy controls (HCs).MethodsWe compared neural activity and fronto-limbic functional connectivity during emotion regulation in response to aversive v. neutral pictures in patients recently diagnosed with BD (n = 78) in full/partial remission, their URs (n = 35), and HCs (n = 56).ResultsPatients showed hypo-activity in the left dorsomedial, dorsolateral, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (DMPFC and DLPFC) during emotion regulation while viewing aversive pictures compared to HCs, with URs displaying intermediate neural activity in these regions. There were no significant differences between patients with BD and HCs in functional connectivity from the amygdala during emotion regulation. However, exploratory analysis indicated that URs displayed more negative amygdala–DMPFC coupling compared with HCs and more negative amygdala-cingulate DLPFC coupling compared to patients with BD. At a behavioral level, patients and their URs were less able to dampen negative emotions in response aversive pictures.ConclusionsThe findings point to deficient recruitment of prefrontal resources and more negative fronto-amygdala coupling as neural markers of impaired emotion regulation in recently diagnosed remitted patients with BD and their URs, respectively.
Life saved and a lesson learned-anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from pulmonary artery in pregnancy
Authors: Bhimani Salima A. , Najm Hani K. , Komarlu Rukmini 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnomalous origin of the left coronary artery from pulmonary artery constitutes 0.5% of all CHD (Boutsikou M, Shore D, Li W, et al, Int J Cardiol 261: 49–53, 2018). Fifteen percent survive into adulthood undiagnosed and 90% present with sudden death (Yau JM, Singh R, Halpern EJ, Fischman D, Clin Cardiol 34: 204–210, 2011; Alexi-Meskishvili V, Berger F, Weng Y, Lange PE, Hetzer R, J Card Surg 10: 309–315, 1995). We describe an enigmatic case of a 29-year-old female who presented after an aborted cardiac arrest and was diagnosed with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from pulmonary artery.
Validation of the Quality of Dying and Death Questionnaire among the Chinese populations
Authors: Wang Ying , Liu Mandong , Chan Wallace Chi Ho , Zhou Jing , Chi Iris 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study reports the evaluation of the original 31-item Quality of Dying and Death Questionnaire (QODD) using a sample of caregivers of recently deceased older adults in China, and the validation of a shortened version (QODD-C) derived from the original scale.MethodsThe translation was performed using a forward and back method. The full scale was tested with 212 caregivers of decedents in four regions of China. Confirmatory factor analysis tested the model fit between the full Chinese version and the original conceptual model and generated the QODD-C. The psychometric analysis was performed to evaluate the QODD-C's internal consistency, content validity, construct validity, and discriminant validity.ResultsA five-domain, 18-item QODD-C was identified with excellent internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.933; split-half Pearson's value = 0.855). The QODD-C total score was significantly associated with constructs related to five domains. The caregiver's relationship with the decedent, the decedent's age at death, death reason, and death place was significantly associated with the QODD-C total score.Significance of resultsThe QODD-C is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the quality of dying and death among the Chinese populations.
Deals that start when you sign them
Authors: Gibbons Robert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis essay explores six sentences from Oliver Williamson – five providing context and the sixth the central topic. Decades ago, Williamson asserted that: (a) ‘substantially the same factors’ (1973: 316) create governance issues not only within organizations but also in interactions between organizations; and (b) relational contracting might be useful in addressing these issues in both domains (1979, Figure II). More recently – in an informal conversation in 2002 – he suggested a perspective on relational contracting that appears valuable in both of these domains: relational contracts as ‘deals that start when you sign them’. The bulk of this essay explores past, present, and potential research on this perspective.
FRACTIONAL-VALUED MODAL LOGIC
Authors: PIAZZA MARIO , PULCINI GABRIELE , TESI MATTEO 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper is dedicated to extending and adapting to modal logic the approach of fractional semantics to classical logic. This is a multi-valued semantics governed by pure proof-theoretic considerations, whose truth-values are the rational numbers in the closed interval
$[0,1]$
. Focusing on the modal logic K, the proposed methodology relies on three key components: bilateral sequent calculus, invertibility of the logical rules, and stability (proof-invariance). We show that our semantic analysis of K affords an informational refinement with respect to the standard Kripkean semantics (a new proof of Dugundji’s theorem is a case in point) and it raises the prospect of a proof-theoretic semantics for modal logic.
Can Warm Behavior Mitigate the Negative Effect of Unfavorable Governmental Decisions on Citizens’ Trust?
Authors: Hansen Frederik Godt 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFor decades, scholars have discussed how to build greater citizen trust in government. I hypothesize that to increase trust in government, we should consider whether decisions made in bureaucrat–citizen encounters (e.g. applications for welfare benefits) are favorable to citizens. Building on insights from social psychology, I argue that in cases where citizens are presented with unfavorable decisions (e.g. rejection of applications), public employees can mitigate the negative impact on trust in government by appearing warm and friendly in the decision-making process. The argument is tested in a large-scale randomized survey experiment on a representative sample of Danish citizens, where I manipulate decision favorability and warmth. The findings reveal that outcome favorability and warmth strongly influence citizens’ trust in government.
A novel missense variant in ACAA1 contributes to early-onset Alzheimer’s disease, impairs lysosomal function, and facilitates amyloid-β pathology and cognitive decline
Authors: Luo Rongcan , Fan Yu , Yang Jing , Ye Maosen , Zhang Deng-Feng , Guo Kun , Li Xiao , Bi Rui , Xu Min , Yang Lu-Xiu , Li Yu , Ran Xiaoqian , Jiang Hong-Yan , Zhang Chen , Tan Liwen , Sheng Nengyin , Yao Yong-Gang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive synaptic dysfunction, neuronal death, and brain atrophy, with amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposits and hyperphosphorylated tau neurofibrillary tangle accumulation in the brain tissue, which all lead to loss of cognitive function. Pathogenic mutations in the well-known AD causal genes including APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 impair a variety of pathways, including protein processing, axonal transport, and metabolic homeostasis. Here we identified a missense variant rs117916664 (c.896T>C, p.Asn299Ser [p.N299S]) of the acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1 (ACAA1) gene in a Han Chinese AD family by whole-genome sequencing and validated its association with early-onset familial AD in an independent cohort. Further in vitro and in vivo evidence showed that ACAA1 p.N299S contributes to AD by disturbing its enzymatic activity, impairing lysosomal function, and aggravating the Aβ pathology and neuronal loss, which finally caused cognitive impairment in a murine model. Our findings reveal a fundamental role of peroxisome-mediated lysosomal dysfunction in AD pathogenesis.
The prediction and analysis of COVID-19 epidemic trend by combining LSTM and Markov method
Authors: Ma Ruifang , Zheng Xinqi , Wang Peipei , Liu Haiyan , Zhang Chunxiao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCorona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly to countries all around the world from the end of 2019, which caused a great impact on global health and has had a huge impact on many countries. Since there is still no effective treatment, it is essential to making effective predictions for relevant departments to make responses and arrangements in advance. Under the limited data, the prediction error of LSTM model will increase over time, and its prone to big bias for medium- and long-term prediction. To overcome this problem, our study proposed a LSTM-Markov model, which uses Markov model to reduce the prediction error of LSTM model. Based on confirmed case data in the US, Britain, Brazil and Russia, we calculated the training errors of LSTM and constructed the probability transfer matrix of the Markov model by the errors. And finally, the prediction results were obtained by combining the output data of LSTM model with the prediction errors of Markov Model. The results show that: compared with the prediction results of the classical LSTM model, the average prediction error of LSTM-Markov is reduced by more than 75%, and the RMSE is reduced by more than 60%, the mean$${R}^{2}$$R2of LSTM-Markov is over 0.96. All those indicators demonstrate that the prediction accuracy of proposed LSTM-Markov model is higher than that of the LSTM model to reach more accurate prediction of COVID-19.
Distinct neuropeptide-receptor modules regulate a sex-specific behavioral response to a pheromone
Authors: Reilly Douglas K. , McGlame Emily J. , Vandewyer Elke , Robidoux Annalise N. , Muirhead Caroline S. , Northcott Haylea T. , Joyce William , Alkema Mark J. , Gegear Robert J. , Beets Isabel , Srinivasan Jagan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDioecious species are a hallmark of the animal kingdom, with opposing sexes responding differently to identical sensory cues. Here, we study the response of C. elegans to the small-molecule pheromone, ascr#8, which elicits opposing behavioral valences in each sex. We identify a novel neuropeptide-neuropeptide receptor (NP/NPR) module that is active in males, but not in hermaphrodites. Using a novel paradigm of neuropeptide rescue that we established, we leverage bacterial expression of individual peptides to rescue the sex-specific response to ascr#8. Concurrent biochemical studies confirmed individual FLP-3 peptides differentially activate two divergent receptors, NPR-10 and FRPR-16. Interestingly, the two of the peptides that rescued behavior in our feeding paradigm are related through a conserved threonine, suggesting that a specific NP/NPR combination sets a male state, driving the correct behavioral valence of the ascr#8 response. Receptor expression within pre-motor neurons reveals novel coordination of male-specific and core locomotory circuitries.
Trans-ethnic genome-wide association study of severe COVID-19
Authors: Wu Peng , Ding Lin , Li Xiaodong , Liu Siyang , Cheng Fanjun , He Qing , Xiao Mingzhong , Wu Ping , Hou Hongyan , Jiang Minghui , Long Pinpin , Wang Hao , Liu Linlin , Qu Minghan , Shi Xian , Jiang Qin , Mo Tingting , Ding Wencheng , Fu Yu , Han Shi , Huo Xixiang , Zeng Yingchun , Zhou Yana , Zhang Qing , Ke Jia , Xu Xi , Ni Wei , Shao Zuoyu , Wang Jingzhi , Liu Panhong , Li Zilong , Jin Yan , Zheng Fang , Wang Fang , Liu Lei , Li Wending , Liu Kang , Peng Rong , Xu Xuedan , Lin Yuhui , Gao Hui , Shi Limei , Geng Ziyue , Mu Xuanwen , Yan Yu , Wang Kai , Wu Degang , Hao Xingjie , Cheng Shanshan , Qiu Gaokun , Guo Huan , Li Kezhen , Chen Gang , Sun Ziyong , Lin Xihong , Jin Xin , Wang Feng , Sun Chaoyang , Wang Chaolong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 has caused numerous infections with diverse clinical symptoms. To identify human genetic variants contributing to the clinical development of COVID-19, we genotyped 1457 (598/859 with severe/mild symptoms) and sequenced 1141 (severe/mild: 474/667) patients of Chinese ancestry. We further incorporated 1401 genotyped and 948 sequenced ancestry-matched population controls, and tested genome-wide association on 1072 severe cases versus 3875 mild or population controls, followed by trans-ethnic meta-analysis with summary statistics of 3199 hospitalized cases and 897,488 population controls from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. We identified three significant signals outside the well-established 3p21.31 locus: an intronic variant in FOXP4-AS1 (rs1853837, odds ratio OR = 1.28, P = 2.51 × 10−10, allele frequencies in Chinese/European AF = 0.345/0.105), a frameshift insertion in ABO (rs8176719, OR = 1.19, P = 8.98 × 10−9, AF = 0.422/0.395) and a Chinese-specific intronic variant in MEF2B (rs74490654, OR = 8.73, P = 1.22 × 10−8, AF = 0.004/0). These findings highlight an important role of the adaptive immunity and the ABO blood-group system in protection from developing severe COVID-19.
Tumor microbiome contributes to an aggressive phenotype in the basal-like subtype of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Guo Wei , Zhang Yuchao , Guo Shiwei , Mei Zi , Liao Huiping , Dong Hang , Wu Kai , Ye Haocheng , Zhang Yuhang , Zhu Yufei , Lang Jingyu , Hu Landian , Jin Gang , Kong Xiangyin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite the uniform mortality in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), clinical disease heterogeneity exists with limited genomic differences. A highly aggressive tumor subtype termed ‘basal-like’ was identified to show worse outcomes and higher inflammatory responses. Here, we focus on the microbial effect in PDAC progression and present a comprehensive analysis of the tumor microbiome in different PDAC subtypes with resectable tumors using metagenomic sequencing. We found distinctive microbial communities in basal-like tumors and identified an increasing abundance of Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Sphingopyxis to be highly associated with carcinogenesis. Functional characterization of microbial genes suggested the potential to induce pathogen-related inflammation. Host-microbiota interplay analysis provided new insights into the tumorigenic role of specific microbiome compositions and demonstrated the influence of host genetics in shaping the tumor microbiome. Taken together, these findings indicated that the tumor microbiome is closely related to PDAC oncogenesis and the induction of inflammation. Additionally, our data revealed the microbial basis of PDAC heterogeneity and proved the predictive value of the microbiome, which will contribute to the intervention and treatment of disease.
Controlled ultrafast ππ*-πσ* dynamics in tryptophan-based peptides with tailored micro-environment
Authors: Hervé Marius , Boyer Alexie , Brédy Richard , Compagnon Isabelle , Allouche Abdul-Rahman , Lépine Franck 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUltrafast charge, energy and structural dynamics in molecules are driven by the topology of the multidimensional potential energy surfaces that determines the coordinated electronic and nuclear motion. These processes are also strongly influenced by the interaction with the molecular environment, making very challenging a general understanding of these dynamics on a microscopic level. Here we use electrospray and mass spectrometry technologies to produce isolated molecular ions with a controlled micro-environment. We measure ultrafast photo-induced ππ*-πσ* dynamics in tryptophan species in the presence of a single, charged adduct. A striking increase of the timescale by more than one order of magnitude is observed when changing the added adduct atom. A model is proposed to rationalize the results, based on the localized and delocalized effects of the adduct on the electronic structure of the molecule. These results offer perspectives to control ultrafast molecular processes by designing the micro-environment on the Angström length scale.