bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Politics in Development
Authors: Harcourt Wendy 
Published: January 2021

Body Politics in Development sets out to define body politics as a key political and mobilizing force for human rights in the last two decades. This passionate and engaging book reveals how once-tabooed issues, such as rape, gender-based violence, and sexual and reproductive rights, have emerged into the public arena as critical grounds of contention and struggle.
Engaging in the latest feminist thinking and action, the book describes the struggles around body politics for people living in economic and socially vulnerable communities and covers a broad range of gender and development issues, including fundamentalism, sexualities and new technologies, from diverse viewpoints. The book's originality comes through the author's rich experience and engagement in feminist activism and global body politics and was winner of the 2010 FWSA Book Prize.
First World Dreams
Authors: Dawson Alexander S. 
Published: January 2021

Mexicans have long dreamt of the First World, and in recent times it has landed with a thud. Under the guise of globalization, Mexico opened its borders, reformed its political system, and transformed its economy. The impacts have been paradoxical.
In First World Dreams Alexander Dawson explores the contradictions and challenges which Mexico has experienced in embracing the market so wholeheartedly. A vibrant civil society is marred by human rights abuses and violent rebellion. Market reforms have produced a stable economy, economic growth and great fortunes, while devastating much of the countryside and crippling domestic producers. Mexico is today one of the world's largest exporting nations, yet has a perpetually negative trade balance. It is in a constant state of becoming a democracy, a nation where human rights are respected, a modern industrial nation, and a more violent, fragmented place where the chasms of wealth and poverty threaten to undo the dreams of modernity.
From recipients to donors
Authors: Mawdsley Emma 
Published: January 2021

From Recipients to Donors examines the emergence, or re-emergence, of a large number of nations as partners and donors in international development, from global powers such as Brazil, China and India, to Gulf states such as Saudi Arabia, to former socialist states such as Poland and Russia. The impact of these countries in international development has grown sharply, and as a result they have become a subject of intense interest and analysis.
This unique book explores the range of opportunities and challenges this phenomenon presents for poorer countries and for development policy, ideology and governance. Drawing on the author’s rich original research, whilst expertly condensing published and unpublished material, From Recipients to Donors is an essential critical analysis and review for anyone interested in development, aid and international relations.
Life after violence
Authors: Uvin Peter 
Published: January 2021

Burundi has recently emerged from twelve years of devastating civil war. Its economy has been destroyed and hundreds and thousands of people have been killed. In this book, the voices of ordinary Burundians are heard for the first time.
Farmers, artisans, traders, mothers, soldiers and students talk about the past and the future, war and peace, their hopes for a better life and their relationships with each other and the state. Young men, in particular, often seen as the cause of violence and war, talk about the difficulties of living up to standards of masculinity in an impoverished and war-torn society.
Weaving a rich tapestry, Peter Uvin pitches the ideas and aspirations of people on the ground against the theory and assumptions often made by the international development and peace-building agencies and organisations. In doing this, he illuminates both shared goals and misunderstandings. This groundbreaking book on conflict and society in Africa will have profound repercussions for development across the world.
Militias and the challenges of post-conflict peace: silencing the guns
Authors: Alden Chris , Thakur Monika , Arnold Matthew 
Published: January 2021

“Militias have proven to be a consistent and enduring challenge to achieving peace in war zones around the world. Whether armed by embattled governments in defence of their territory or fostered by external actors in the interests of greed or grievance, these groups occupy an uncertain and deeply controversial position in the changing landscape of conflict.
Linked variously to atrocities against civilians or international criminal elements, part of what distinguishes them from more traditional combatants is their willingness to engage in violent tactics that defy international norms as well as a proclivity to embrace expediency in alliance-making. As such, their diversity of form, unorthodox nature and sheer numbers make achieving short-term stability and an enduring peace a consistently difficult proposition.
Bringing together the lessons learned from four intensively researched case studies – the Democratic Republic of Congo, Timor-Leste, Afghanistan and Sudan – the book argues that the overly rigid ‘cookie-cutter’ approach to demilitaristation, developed and commonly implemented presently by the international community, is ineffective at meeting the myriad of challenges involving militias. In doing so, the authors propose a radical new framework for demilitarization that questions conventional models and takes into account on-the-ground realities.”
Cyclic scope and processing difficulty in a Minimalist parser
Authors: Pasternak Robert , Graf Thomas 
Published: January 2021

A common view in the theoretical literature is that quantifier raising (QR) is a clause-bounded operation. But in a paper published in Glossa, Wurmbrand (2018) argues that (i) QR is not clause-bounded, and the apparent clause-boundedness of QR is due to the human parser’s difficulty in processing extraclausal QR; and (ii) the relative difficulty of extraclausal QR depends on the size of the embedded clause from which QR takes place. She then proposes a theory of scope processing in which parsing Logical Form (LF) movement is costly for the human parser, which in conjunction with independently motivated assumptions about A′-movement generates the desired results. In this paper, we accept Wurmbrand’s descriptive observations and proposed syntax but offer an alternative, rigorously defined metric of scope processing difficulty that makes precise quantitative predictions. Our proposal is formalized with Minimalist Grammars (Stabler 1997) and expands recent work by Kobele et al. (2013), among others, that uses this formalism to account for numerous processing phenomena. Our metric correctly handles Wurmbrand’s observations as well as cases that are problematic for her account, and points the way toward an explanatory theory of scope processing.
Una experiencia de integración de la Formación Sanitaria Especializada con la Universitaria de Posgrado: Entrenamiento por etapas en cirugía laparoscópica.
Authors: Flores-Funes Diego , Pellicer-Franco Enrique , Flores-Pastor Benito , Moreno-Cascales Matilde , Fernández-Villacañas-Marín Miguel Ángel , Aguayo-Albasini José Luis 
Published: January 2021

Antecedentes: Diseño de un modelo de simulación para formación en cirugía laparoscópica. Métodos: Dentro del Máster Anatomía Aplicada a la Clínica se implementaron tres etapas de formación progresiva en médicos residentes. La etapa 1 se realizó en simulador con material no biológico: manejo de objetos, disección con pinza y tijera, y sutura laparoscópica. La etapa 2 utilizó material biológico (tubo digestivo en fresco) en simulador, para la práctica de sección intestinal y anastomosis intracorpórea. En la etapa 3 se realizaron técnicas laparoscópicas en cadáver en fresco (apendicectomía, colecistectomía, apertura de la transcavidad epiploica, hemicolectomías derecha e izquierda). Se añadió una encuesta de satisfacción a los participantes de la actividad. Resultados: El programa se impartió a 6 residentes de Cirugía General. Todos completaron los ejercicios de las etapas 1 y 2. En la etapa 3 se pudo realizar el neumoperitoneo sin dificultad y los tejidos presentaron una textura adecuada. Los residentes de primer año completaron la apendicectomía y la colecistectomía, pero procedimientos más complejos requirieron residentes con más experiencia. Los participantes encuestados reflejaron que el programa es adecuado y útil para el entrenamiento en laparoscopia. Conclusiones: El modelo propuesto es reproducible y adecuado en adquisición de competencias básicas en cirugía laparoscópica.
Background: Design of a simulation model training in laparoscopic surgery for surgical residents. Methods: Three stages of progressive training were programmed within a Postgraduate Degree in Clinical Anatomy. Stage 1 was performed in a box-trainer with synthetic materials: managing small objects, dissection with clamp and scissors, and laparoscopic intracorporeal suture. Stage 2 used biological material (fresh digestive tract from a human corpse) in box-trainer, practicing section and intracorporeal anastomosis. In stage 3, laparoscopy was performed on a fresh corpse (appendectomy, cholecystectomy, lesser sac opening, right and left colectomy). A satisfaction survey was carried out to the participants. Results: Some six General and Digestive Surgery residents took the program. All of them completed the stage 1 and 2 exercises. In stage 3, the pneumoperitoneum could be performed without any complications, and tissues presented an adequate texture. First-year residents completed appendectomy and cholecystectomy, but more complex procedures required more experienced residents. The participants reflected that the program is adequate and useful to gain basic skills in laparoscopy. Conclusions: The proposed model is reproducible and adequate in acquisition of basic skills in laparoscopic surgery.
A Two-year Retrospective Review of Paediatric Mortality in a Tertiary Facility in North-western Nigeria
Authors: Ugege M. O. , Garba B. I. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Mortality pattern is reflective of both the severity of illness and the quality of treatment given.
Objective: To identify the age, time and cause of death in the paediatric wards of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto.
Methods: This was a retrospective review of mortalities in children 5weeks to 15 years at the paediatric wards of UDUTH from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2017. The bio-data, duration of illness, diagnoses, complications and duration of hospital stay were extracted from the mortality case files and analysed.
Results: There were 121 mortalities, representing 2.3% of 5,355 total admissions during the study period. Sixty-seven (55.4%) were males (M: F ratio 1.2:1). Seventy-five (62.0%) were under-fives and mean age ± standard deviation was 54 months ± 46.3. Most deaths 76 (62.0%) occurred between July and December and majority 96 (79.3%) occurred ≥ 24 hours after admission. Severe acute malnutrition [SAM] 31 (41.3%), severe malaria 12(16.0%), and septicaemia 9 (12.0%), were the leading causes of death in the under-fives, whereas severe malaria 8 (17.4%), meningitis 7(15.2%) and malignancy 5 (10.9%) predominate in those > 5 years [P<0.001]. There was delayed presentation ≥ 7 days in 87 (71.9%) children and 90 (74.4%) had at least one or more complications.
Conclusion: Severe acute malnutrition and severe malaria were the leading causes of mortalities in our facility. It is needful to scale up preventive and curative services targeted at curbing these diseases in Sokoto and environs.
Vitamin D Deficiency among Women Having Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Memon Fehmida Parveen , Baloch Ifat , Rehman Afra , Hingoro Rasheeda 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women presented at tertiary care Hospital with gestational diabetes.
Methodology: This case control study has been conducted at gynecology department of Liaquat University of Medical and health Sciences, during one year from 2018 to 2019. Women having diagnosed as gestational diabetes, age more than 18 years and equal quantity of non-diabetic pregnant women were included in the study. A 5ml blood sample was taken from each patient and sent to the Hospital diagnostic laboratory to assess the vitamin D level. All the data was collected via self-made proforma. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.
Results: Total 80 women with gestational diabetes and of non-gestational diabetes were studied. Mean age of the women was 34.23±12.3 years and mean gestational age was 29.34±5.7 weeks. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly high in women having gestational diabetes (P=0.0001). There was no difference in vitamin D deficiency according to occupation, residence, SES, booking status and parity.
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was significantly high in women having gestational diabetes as compared to normal women. By early assessment of vitamin D deficiency and its management can be reduce the risk of gestational diabetes.
Interfacial Engineering of Room Temperature Liquid Metals
Authors: Fu Jun‐Heng , Liu Tian‐Ying , Cui Yuntao , Liu Jing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRoom temperature liquid metals (RTLMs), especially those made of gallium‐based alloys belong to an emerging versatile material with fascinating characteristics derived from its simultaneous metallic and inherent fluidic natures. The interfacial effects of liquid metal involved in diverse surfaces thus play critical roles in explaining many fundamental phenomena. Clarifying and engineering surface structure and physical/chemical properties of RTLMs under specific substrates leads to various unconventional chemical synthesis applications, energy conversion, soft machine, and printed electronics. Systematic interpretation of such interfacial issues either stabilized or dynamic is essential for constructing a holistic framework about the RTLMs interfacial engineering in developing advanced technologies. This article is dedicated to presenting a comprehensive overview of the interfacial effect of RTLMs in diverse environments and engineering strategies thus established. The basic characteristics of the interfacial effects between RTLMs, especially gallium‐based alloys and different surrounding mediums such as solid, liquid, or gas ambient are systematically illustrated. Typical applications thus enabled are introduced and discussed. Furthermore, future prospects of RTLMs interfacial engineering are forecasted.
High‐Level Production of Phenylacetaldehyde using Fusion‐Tagged Styrene Oxide Isomerase
Authors: Choo Joel P. S. , Kammerer Richard A. , Li Xiaodan , Li Zhi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn order‐of‐magnitude improvement in the production of phenylacetaldehyde to 3.37 M (405 g L−1) from the enzymatic isomerisation of styrene oxide was achieved. A small ubiquitin‐related modifier (SUMO) tag increases the productivity of the whole‐cell biocatalytic system by enhancing the expression of active membrane‐bound styrene oxide isomerase (SOI) while retaining enzyme catalytic efficiency and broad natural substrate scope. The isomerisation was performed by using Escherichia coli expressing SUMO‐tagged SOI in an organic‐aqueous biphasic system to yield 96% of phenylacetaldehyde.magnified image
Cryptographic Key Generation and In Situ Encryption in One‐Transistor‐One‐Resistor Memristors for Hardware Security
Authors: Yang Ling , Cheng Long , Li Yi , Li Haoyang , Li Jiancong , Chang Ting‐Chang , Miao Xiangshui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe problem of hardware security is exacerbating in the artificial intelligence & Internet of Things era. Physical unclonable function (PUF) is a promising security primitive that exploits the intrinsic random variations in electronic hardware to produce digital keys. Here, it is shown for the first time that the subthreshold slope (S.S) variations of the transistors can be utilized as the entropy source of the PUF to generate the physical keys. By combining this S.S PUF with a memristor‐based XOR logic function, an in situ encryption/decryption scheme is proposed in a compact one‐transistor‐one‐resistor (1T1R) architecture. It is experimentally demonstrated that the S.S PUF shows great reproducibility, uniqueness, and uniformity. Using the S.S PUF keys, encryption and decryption are successfully implemented for three 16‐bit binary sequences in 1T1R devices. The results demonstrate that the unique features of 1T1R can enlighten functional design at the device level against hardware security threats, and the security, memory, and computing can be realized on the same device.
Robust distributed economic model predictive control based on differential dissipativity
Authors: Xiao Guannan , Yan Yitao , Bao Jie , Liu Fei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this article, a robust distributed economic model predictive control (DEMPC) approach is developed for plant‐wide chemical processes. The proposed approach achieves arbitrary feasible setpoints that may vary frequently, attenuates the plant‐wide effects of unknown disturbances and minimizes a plant‐wide economic cost. In this approach, a plant‐wide process is represented as a network of process units and each process unit is controlled by an individual controller which shares a plant‐wide optimization economic objective and stability conditions through the network. To ensure the convergence of process variables to arbitrary setpoints, a contraction condition is developed for the DEMPC, based on the contraction theory. To deal with the effects of interactions among process units, the concept of dissipativity is adopted. Using sum‐separable control contraction metrics, a reference‐independent robust stability condition is developed to ensure the plant‐wide disturbance effects (under interactions among process units) to be attenuated in terms of differential ℒ2 gain and represented by a plant‐wide differential dissipativity condition, which is converted into the differential dissipativity conditions that individual controllers need to satisfy. This approach facilitates the optimization of plant‐wide economic costs with global constraints in a distributed way, allowing efficient implementation of alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). The proposed approach is illustrated using a reactor‐separator process.
Evolution and biogeographic history of the Saguinus mystax group (Primates, Callithrichidae)
Authors: Athaydes Daysa , Dias Cayo A. R. , Gregorin Renato , Perini Fernando A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Saguinus mystax group traditionally includes three species, S. mystax, S. labiatus, and S. imperator. The additional inclusion of S. inustus is argued on molecular grounds, which have an important impact on our comprehension of the phenotypical evolution and biogeography of the group. Here, we investigate the evolutionary events leading to the diversification of the S. mystax group, integrating phylogenetic, temporal, and geographic information with the current knowledge of the Amazonian paleogeographical history. The examination of 208 specimens of Saguinus resulted in 25 morphological characters, of which 13 were used for the first time in a phylogenetic analysis of the genus. Morphological characters were also combined with molecular data and analyzed using Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood methods. Trees resulting from morphological and combined data recovered a monophyletic S. mystax group, including S. inustus, whose inclusion was supported by two morphological synapomorphies. Molecular based age estimates place the origin of Saguinus in the middle Miocene (17.4–13 million years ago [mya]), whereas the S. mystax group originated in an interval between 12 and 6 mya. Our results also suggest that the ancestral area of Saguinus was western Amazon, from where they dispersed to their current distribution after the end of the Pebas lakes system. The diversification events in the S. mystax group are related to the Pliocene development of the modern Amazon river network associated to the uplift of Fitzcarrald Arch.
Brain structures and networks responsible for stimulation‐induced memory flashbacks during forniceal deep brain stimulation for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Germann Jürgen , Elias Gavin J.B. , Boutet Alexandre , Narang Keshav , Neudorfer Clemens , Horn Andreas , Loh Aaron , Deeb Wissam , Salvato Bryan , Almeida Leonardo , Foote Kelly D. , Rosenberg Paul B. , Tang‐Wai David F. , Wolk David A. , Burke Anna D. , Salloway Stephen , Sabbagh Marwan N. , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Smith Gwenn S. , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Okun Michael S. , Lozano Andres M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionFornix deep brain stimulation (fx‐DBS) is under investigation for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the anatomic correlates of flashback phenomena that were reported previously during acute diencephalic stimulation.MethodsThirty‐nine patients with mild AD who took part in a prior fx‐DBS trial (NCT01608061) were studied. After localizing patients’ implanted electrodes and modeling the volume of tissue activated (VTA) by DBS during systematic stimulation testing, we performed (1) voxel‐wise VTA mapping to identify flashback‐associated zones; (2) machine learning–based prediction of flashback occurrence given VTA overlap with specific structures; (3) normative functional connectomics to define flashback‐associated brain‐wide networks.ResultsA distinct diencephalic region was associated with greater flashback likelihood. Fornix, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, and anterior commissure involvement predicted memory events with 72% accuracy. Flashback‐inducing stimulation exhibited greater functional connectivity to a network of memory‐evoking and autobiographical memory‐related sites.DiscussionThese results clarify the neuroanatomical substrates of stimulation‐evoked flashbacks.
Tetraimidoschwefelsäure H2S(NtBu)4– isovalenzelektronisch zu H2SO4
Authors: Jung Jochen , Münch Annika , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDas zur Schwefelsäure H2SO4isovalenzelektronische Imido‐Analogon H2S(NtBu)4wurde synthetisiert, isoliert und mittels NMR‐Spektroskopie sowie hochaufgelöster Röntgenstrukturanalyse und Ladungsdichteuntersuchungen charakterisiert. Letzteres zeigt stark polarisierte Sδ+‐Nδ−‐Bindungen mit praktisch keinem Doppelbindungscharakter. Die leicht zu polarisierenden S‐N‐Bindungen sind eine vorteilhafte und vielseitige Eigenschaft der Schwefel‐Stickstoff‐Liganden, mit der sie sich unterschiedlichen elektronischen Anforderungen verschiedener Metallkationen anpassen können.
Intensiv farbige Bor‐dotierte Thiazolthiazole durch reduktive Dimerisierung von Borisothiocyanaten
Authors: Hagspiel Stephan , Arrowsmith Merle , Fantuzzi Felipe , Vargas Alfredo , Rempel Anna , Hermann Alexander , Brückner Tobias , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDie Reduktion von (CAAC)BBr2(NCS) (CAAC=cyclisches Alkyl(amino)carben) in der Gegenwart einer Lewis‐Base L liefert dreifach koordinierte (CAAC)LB(NCS)‐Borylene, die eine reversible (E)/(Z)‐Isomerisierung eingehen. Die gleiche Reduktion in Abwesenheit von L führt zu intensiv blauen, bis(CAAC)‐stabilisierten, Bor‐dotierten, aromatischen Thiazolthiazolen, die aus der Dimerisierung zweifach koordinierter (CAAC)B(NCS)‐Borylenintermediate resultieren.