bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting hotel reviews from sentiment: a multinomial classification framework
Authors: Yucel Ahmet , Caglar Musa , Ahady Dolatsara Hamidreza , George Benjamin , Dag Ali 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Machine learning algorithms are useful to effectively analyse, and therefore automatically classify online reviews. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a novel text-mining framework and its potential for use in the classification of unstructured hotel reviews.

Design/methodology/approach
Well-known data mining methods (i.e. boosted decision trees (BDT), classification and regression trees (C&RT) and random forests (RF)) in conjunction with incorporating five-fold cross-validation are used to predict the star rating of the hotel reviews. To achieve this goal, extracted features are used to create a composite variable (CV) to deploy into machine learning algorithms as the main feature (variable) during the learning process.

Findings
BDT outperformed the other alternatives in the exact accuracy rate (EAR) and multi-class accuracy rate (MCAR) by reaching the accuracy rates of 0.66 and 0.899, respectively. Moreover, phrases such as “clean”, “friendly”, “nice”, “perfect” and “love” are shown to be associated with four and five stars, whereas, phrases such as “horrible”, “never”, “terrible” and “worst” are shown to be associated with one and two-star hotels, as it would be the intuitive expectation.

Originality/value
To the best of the knowledge, there is no study in the existent literature, which synthesizes the knowledge obtained from individual features and uses them to create a single composite variable that is powerful enough to predict the star rates of the user-generated reviews. This study believes that the proposed method also provides policymakers with a unique window in the thoughts and opinions of individual users, which may be used to augment the current decision-making process.
Dependent structure and risk analysis of S&P 500 Index's continuously rising returns and continuously falling returns
Authors: Ye Wuyi , Zhao Ruyu 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe stock market price time series can be divided into two processes: continuously rising and continuously falling. The authors can effectively prevent the stock market from crashing by accurately estimating the risk on continuously rising returns (CRR) and continuously falling returns (CFR).Design/methodology/approachThe authors add an exogenous variable into Log-autoregressive conditional duration (Log-ACD) model, and then apply our extended Log-ACD model and Archimedean copula to estimate the marginal distribution and conditional distribution of CRR and CFR. Plus, the authors analyze the conditional value at risk (CVaR) and present back-test results of the CVaR. The back-test shows that our proposed risk estimation method has a good estimation power for the risk of the CRR and CFR, especially the downside risk. In addition, the authors detect whether the dependent structure between the CRR and CFR changes using the change point test method.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that there is no change point here, suggesting that the results on the dependent structure and risk analysis mentioned above are stable. Therefore, major financial events will not affect the dependent structure here. This is consistent with the point that the CRR and CFR can be analyzed to obtain the trend of stock returns from a more macro perspective than daily stock returns scholars usually study.Practical implicationsThe risk estimation method of this paper is of great significance in understanding stock market risk and can provide corresponding valuable information for investment advisors and public policy regulators.Originality/valueThe authors defined a new stock returns, CRR and CFR, since it is difficult to analyze and predict the trend of stock returns according to daily stock returns because of the small autocorrelation among daily stock returns.
Immunocompetent birds choose larger breeding colonies
Authors: Drzewińska‐Chańko Joanna , Włodarczyk Radosław , Gajewski Adrian , Rudnicka Karolina , Dunn Peter O. , Minias Piotr 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Optimal size of social groups may vary between individuals, depending on their phenotypic traits, such as dominance status, age or personality. Larger social groups often enhance transmission rates of pathogens and should be avoided by individuals with poor immune defences. In contrast, more immunocompetent individuals are expected to take advantage of larger group sizes (e.g. better protection, information transfer) with smaller extra costs from pathogen or parasite pressure.

Here, we hypothesized that immunocompetence may be a key determinant of group size choice and tested this hypothesis in a colonial waterbird, the common tern Sterna hirundo. We used a unique experimental framework, where formation of breeding colonies of different sizes was induced under uniform environmental conditions. For this purpose, different‐size patches of attractive nesting substrate (artificial floating rafts) were provided at a single site with limited availability of natural nesting habitat.

Colony size was identified as the only significant predictor of both innate (natural antibody‐mediated complement activation) and adaptive (immunoglobulin concentrations) immunological traits in the common terns, as more immunocompetent birds settled in larger experimental colonies. In contrast, we found no significant associations between colony size and genetic diversity of key pathogen‐recognition receptors, toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) or genome‐wide heterozygosity.

We conclude that settlement decisions may be flexible within individuals and, thus, are likely to be primarily determined by the current immunological status, rather than fixed immunogenetic traits. Our study sheds new light on the complex interface between immunity and sociality in animals.
Effects of vacuum degree, mixing speed, and water amount on the moisture distribution and rheological properties of wheat flour dough
Authors: Yang Yu‐ling , Guan Er‐qi , Zhang Li‐li , Pang Jin‐yue , Li Meng‐meng , Bian Ke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEffects of vacuum degrees (0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 MPa) on water distribution state, tensile properties, stress relaxation properties, and viscoelasticity of dough, as well as the effects of mixing speed (50, 70, 90 rpm/min) and water content (40%, 45%, 50%) under optimum vacuum degree were studied. The results showed that the proper vacuum degree (0.06 MPa) could promote the full contact between flour and water and improved the water‐holding capacity of the dough. Meanwhile, the dough had stronger tensile strength, the best viscoelasticity and the ability to recover from external deformation more quickly. Under the vacuum of 0.06 MPa, with the increasing of mixing speed, the response to the external force of dough increased first and then decreased. Adding more water reduced the strength of dough, weakened the response to external forces, and led to a significant decrease in tensile resistance and tensile area of the dough, as well as a decrease in viscoelasticity (p < 0.05). The proper vacuum mixing allowed the preparation of dough to require more water and less energy.Practical ApplicationIn the processing of wheat flour products, vacuum mixing is considered to be beneficial to the quality of noodles and breads. As the intermediate of these products, the dough is of great significance for the monitoring of its rheological characteristics. In this study, a moderate vacuum degree led to a significant improvement in the rheological properties of the dough, and the processing performance was the best. Under the optimal vacuum degree, the influence of mixing speed and water amount cannot be ignored. Vacuum mixing is an efficient dough preparation method, which can produce certain economic benefits.
Analysis of risk factors of interstitial lung disease and mortality rates in Chinese patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy
Authors: Bai Zhiqian , Shen Guifen , Dong Lingli 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the risk factors for interstitial lung disease (ILD) and prognosis in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM).MethodsA retrospective longitudinal study was performed in patients diagnosed with IIM between January 2012 and December 2018.ResultsThe study cohort included 91 men and 195 women who were classified as having dermatomyositis (DM, n = 183), polymyositis (PM, n = 77), or clinical amyopathic DM (CADM, n = 26). ILD was identified in 46.5% (n = 133) of patients with IIM. The independent risk factors for ILD were age at disease onset, presence of anti‐Ro‐52 antibody, Gottron's papules, elevated serum immunoglobulin M levels and hypoalbuminemia. Older age at disease onset, ILD, malignancy, and increased serum aspartate aminotransferase and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were identified as the independent predictors for mortality, whereas elevated serum albumin level was associated with a better prognosis. A total of 73 deaths (25.5%) occurred after a median follow‐up time of 33 months. Infection (49.3%) was the leading cause of death. In the overall cohort, the 1‐year, 5‐year and cumulative survival rates were 83.2%, 74.2% and 69.4%, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the optimal cut‐off value of NLR for predicting death in IIM was 6.11.ConclusionIIM patients have a poor prognosis with substantial mortality, especially in patients who have older age at onset, ILD, malignancy and higher NLR. Close monitoring and aggressive therapies are required in patients having poor predictive factors.
Phrenic nerve block on severe post‐hepatectomy shoulder pain: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, pilot study
Authors: Bak Theis S. , Bøgevig Søren , Christensen Amalie P. , Tollund Carsten , Hillingsø Jens , Aasvang Eske K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere shoulder pain occurs frequently after surgery close to the diaphragm, potentially caused by referred pain via the ipsilateral phrenic nerve. We aimed to assess the analgesic effect of an ultrasound‐guided phrenic nerve block on moderate to severe right‐sided shoulder pain after open partial hepatectomy.MethodsThis was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, pilot study, comparing ultrasound‐guided phrenic nerve block (ropivacaine 0.75 mg/mL) versus placebo (isotonic sodium chloride 0.9 mg/mL) on severe post‐hepatectomy shoulder pain (NRS ≥6). Pre‐ and postoperative spirometry and arterial blood gas analyses were used to assess respiratory function. Subjects with chronic lung disease were excluded. Unfortunately, due to lack of funding, the trial was ended prematurely and therefore presented as a pilot study.ResultsOne hundred and one subjects were screened for eligibility; 14 subjects were randomized, and two subjects were later excluded; thus, 12 subjects were analyzed with six in each group. A statistically significant difference in reduction in median pain intensity between groups was observed 15 minutes after phrenic nerve block (“ropivacaine first” ΔNRS: −6.0 [−6.0 to −3.0] vs. “saline first” ΔNRS: 0 [−6.0 to 1.0], P = .026). Spirometry results and arterial blood gas analyses were not clinically impacted by the block.ConclusionsPostoperative phrenic nerve block significantly reduced severe post‐hepatectomy shoulder pain. Larger studies are warranted to confirm the lack of clinically relevant block‐related impairment of respiratory function.
A new situation awareness model decreases clinical deterioration in the emergency departments—A controlled intervention study
Authors: Tygesen Gitte B. , Lisby Marianne , Raaber Nikolaj , Rask Mette T. , Kirkegaard Hans 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies have suggested that adding subjective parameters to early warning score (EWS) systems might prompt more proactive treatment and positively affect clinical outcomes. Hence, the study aimed to investigate effect of a situation awareness model consisting of objective and subjective parameters on clinical deterioration in adult emergency department (ED) patients.MethodsThis controlled pre‐and‐post interventional study was carried out in July–December 2016 and November 2017–April 2018. In ED patients ≥ 18 years, we examined if a situation awareness model compared with a conventional EWS system could reduce clinical deterioration. The new model consisted of a regional EWS, combined with skin observation, clinical concern and patients’ and relatives’ concerns, pain, dyspnea, and team risk assessment. Clinical deterioration was defined as change in vital signs requiring increased observation or physician assessment, that is, increase in early warning score from either 0 or 1 to score ≥2 or an increase from score ≥2 and above. Secondary outcomes were mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and readmissions.ResultsWe included 34 556 patients. Patients with two or more registered EWS were included in the primary analysis (N = 21 839). Using difference‐in‐difference regression, we found a reduced odds of clinical deterioration of 21% (OR 0.79 95% CI [0.69; 0.90]) in the intervention groups compared with controls. No impact on mortality, ICU, or readmissions was found.ConclusionThe situation awareness model reduces odds of clinical deterioration, defined as a clinically relevant increase in EWS, in an unselected adult population of ED patients. However, there was no effect on secondary outcomes.
Post‐operative hypertension during early recovery following liver tumour ablation: A retrospective study
Authors: Galmén Karolina , Jakobsson Jan G. , Freedman Jacob , Harbut Piotr 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐frequency jet ventilation is necessary to reduce organ movements during stereotactic liver ablation. However, post‐operative hypertensive episodes especially following irreversible electroporation ablation compared with microwave ablation initiated this study. The hypothesis was that hypertensive episodes could be related to ventilation or ablation method.MethodsThe aim of this retrospective study was to assess the proportion of patients with hypertensive events during recovery following liver ablation under general anaesthesia and to analyse the relation to ventilation and ablation technique. A medical chart review of 134 patients undergoing either high‐frequency jet ventilation and microwave ablation (n = 45), high‐frequency jet ventilation and irreversible electroporation (n = 44), or conventional ventilation and microwave ablation (n = 45) was performed. The proportion of patients with at least one episode of systolic arterial pressure 140‐160, 160‐180 or >180 mmHg during early recovery and the impact of ventilation method was studied.ResultsOut of 134 patients, 100, 75 and 34 patients had at least one episode of mild, moderate and severe hypertension. Microwave ablation, as well as high frequency jet ventilation, was associated with an increased odds ratio for post‐operative hypertension. The proportion of patients with at least one severe hypertensive event was 18/45, 9/44 and 7/45, respectively.ConclusionBoth ventilation and ablation technique had an impact on post‐operative hypertensive episodes. The microwave ablation/high‐frequency jet ventilation combination increased the risk as compared with irreversible electroporation/high‐frequency jet ventilation and microwave ablation/conventional ventilation.
Identification of candidate genes associated with slaughter traits in F2 chicken population using genome‐wide association study
Authors: Liu J. , Zhou J. , Li J. , Bao H. 
Published: May 2021

SummarySlaughter traits are crucial economic traits of chickens. We performed a GWAS to discover critical loci and candidate genes for 21 slaughter traits in an F2 chicken population resulting from crossing Luxi gamecocks and recessive white feather broilers. We found some SNPs and genes which were significantly associated with keel length, head length, body slope length, bilateral leg weight without shin, bilateral foot weight, subcutaneous fat thickness, heart weight, muscular stomach weight and glandular stomach weight. This study provides references for further investigation of slaughter traits and molecular breeding in chicken.
Technical standards in allergen exposure chambers worldwide – an EAACI Task Force Report
Authors: Pfaar Oliver , Bergmann Karl‐Christian , Bonini Sergio , Compalati Enrico , Domis Nathalie , de Blay Frédéric , de Kam Pieter‐Jan , Devillier Philippe , Durham Stephen R. , Ellis Anne K. , Gherasim Alina , Haya Laura , Hohlfeld Jens M. , Horak Friedrich , Iinuma Tomohisa , Jacobs Robert L. , Jacobi Henrik Hugo , Jutel Marek , Kaul Susanne , Kelly Suzanne , Klimek Ludger , Larché Mark , Lemell Patrick , Mahler Vera , Nolte Hendrik , Okamoto Yoshitaka , Patel Piyush , Rabin Ronald L. , Rather Cynthia , Sager Angelika , Salapatek Anne Marie , Sigsgaard Torben , Togias Alkis , Willers Christoph , Yang William H. , Zieglmayer René , Zuberbier Torsten , Zieglmayer Petra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAllergen exposure chambers (AECs) can be used for controlled exposure to allergenic and non‐allergenic airborne particles in an enclosed environment, in order to (i) characterize the pathological features of respiratory diseases and (ii) contribute to and accelerate the clinical development of pharmacological treatments and allergen immunotherapy for allergic disease of the respiratory tract (such as allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and allergic asthma).In the guidelines of the European Medicines Agency for the clinical development of products for allergen immunotherapy (AIT), the role of AECs in determining primary endpoints in dose‐finding Phase II trials is emphasized. Although methodologically insulated from the variability of natural pollen exposure, chamber models remain confined to supporting secondary, rather than primary, endpoints in Phase III registration trials. The need for further validation in comparison with field exposure is clearly mandated.On this basis, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) initiated a Task Force in 2015 charged to gain a better understanding of how AECs can generate knowledge about respiratory allergies and can contribute to the clinical development of treatments.Researchers working with AECs worldwide were asked to provide technical information in eight sections: (i) dimensions and structure of the AEC, (ii) AEC staff, (iii) airflow, air processing, and operating conditions, (iv) particle dispersal, (v) pollen/particle counting, (vi) safety and non‐contamination measures, (vii) procedures for symptom assessments, (viii) tested allergens/substances and validation procedures. On this basis, a minimal set of technical requirements for AECs applied to the field of allergology is proposed.
Letter: risk of coeliac disease—do microbial‐derived factors promote and protect?
Authors: Sundqvist Tommy , Stenhammar Lars , Tjellström Bo , Magnusson Karl‐Eric , Midtvedt Tore , Norin Elisabeth , Högberg Lotta 
Published: May 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Størdal et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16361 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16389
Clinical outcome after anti‐tumour necrosis factor therapy discontinuation in 1000 patients with inflammatory bowel disease: the EVODIS long‐term study
Authors: Casanova María José , Chaparro María , Nantes Óscar , Benítez José Manuel , Rojas‐Feria María , Castro‐Poceiro Jesús , Huguet José María , Martín‐Cardona Albert , Aicart‐Ramos Marta , Tosca Joan , Martín‐Rodríguez María del Mar , González‐Muñoza Carlos , Mañosa Miriam , Leo‐Carnerero Eduardo , Lamuela‐Calvo Luis Javier , Pérez‐Martínez Isabel , Bujanda Luis , Hinojosa Joaquín , Pajares Ramón , Argüelles‐Arias Federico , Pérez‐Calle José Lázaro , Rodríguez‐González Gloria Esther , Guardiola Jordi , Barreiro‐de Acosta Manuel , Gisbert Javier P. ,   EVODIS Study Group
Published: May 2021

SummaryBackgroundThe long‐term outcome of patients after antitumour necrosis factor alpha (anti‐TNF) discontinuation is not well known.AimsTo assess the risk of relapse in the long‐term after anti‐TNF discontinuation.MethodsThis was an extension of the evolution after anti‐TNF discontinuation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (EVODIS) study (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis patients treated with anti‐TNFs in whom these drugs were withdrawn after achieving clinical remission) based in the same cohort of patients whose outcome was updated. Clinical remission was defined as a Harvey–Bradshaw index ≤4 points in Crohn's disease, a partial Mayo score ≤2 in ulcerative colitis and the absence of fistula drainage despite gentle finger compression in perianal disease.ResultsThis was an observational, retrospective, multicenter study. A total of 1055 patients were included. The median follow‐up time was 34 months. The incidence rate of relapse was 12% per patient‐year (95% confidence interval [CI] = 11‐14). The cumulative incidence of relapse was 50% (95% CI = 47‐53): 19% at one year, 31% at 2 years, 38% at 3 years, 44% at 4 years and 48% at 5 years of follow‐up. Of the 60% patients retreated with the same anti‐TNF after relapse, 73% regained remission. Of the 75 patients who did not respond, 48% achieved remission with other therapies. Of the 190 patients who started other therapies after relapse, 62% achieved remission with the new treatment.ConclusionsA significant proportion of patients who discontinued the anti‐TNF remained in remission. In case of relapse, retreatment with the same anti‐TNF was usually effective. Approximately half of the patients who did not respond after retreatment achieved remission with other therapies.
Review article: diagnosis, management and patient perspectives of the spectrum of constipation disorders
Authors: Sharma Amol , Rao Satish S. C. , Kearns Kimberly , Orleck Kimberly D. , Waldman Scott A. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryBackgroundChronic constipation is a common, heterogeneous disorder with multiple symptoms and pathophysiological mechanisms. Patients are often referred to a gastroenterology provider after laxatives fail. However, there is limited knowledge of the spectrum and management of constipation disorders.AimTo discuss the latest understanding of the spectrum of constipation disorders, tools for identifying a pathophysiologic‐based diagnosis in the specialist setting, treatment options and the patient's perspective of constipation.MethodsLiterature searches were conducted using PubMed for constipation diagnostic criteria, diagnostic tools and approved treatments. The authors provided insight from their own practices.ResultsClinical assessment, stool diaries and Rome IV diagnostic criteria can facilitate diagnosis, evaluate severity and distinguish between IBS with constipation, chronic idiopathic constipation and dyssynergic defecation. Novel smartphone applications can help track constipation symptoms. Rectal examinations, anorectal manometry and balloon expulsion, assessments of neuromuscular function with colonic transit time and colonic manometry can provide mechanistic understanding of underlying pathophysiology. Treatments include lifestyle and diet changes, biofeedback therapy and pharmacological agents. Several classes of laxatives, as well as prokinetic and prosecretory agents, are available; here we describe their mechanisms of action, efficacy and side effects.ConclusionsConstipation includes multiple overlapping subtypes identifiable using detailed history, current diagnostic tools and smartphone applications. Recognition of individual subtype(s) could pave the way for optimal, evidence‐based treatments by a gastroenterology provider.