bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invisibilité des pratiques religieuses des migrants chinois en France
Authors: Pan Junliang 
Published: April 2021

En France, les migrants chinois sont connus pour leur dynamisme économique. Cependant, la composante religieuse de cette communauté, quoique importante, demeure peu explorée et presque invisible en tant que telle aux yeux des Français. Cette invisibilité résulte d’abord de l’imbrication du culturel et du cultuel dans les pratiques religieuses chinoises. Elle est aussi associée à la stratégie communautaire qui cantonne le prosélytisme au sein de la diaspora chinoise. Par ailleurs, sous la pression politique du régime communiste chinois qui les labellise comme « sectaires », certains groupes religieux préfèrent pratiquer leur culte dans la discrétion. Le présent texte examine les différents aspects des religions chinoises en France pour comprendre leur expression dans un contexte migratoire 1 .
S’expatrier pour « faire savoir son savoir-faire » ?
Authors: Bréhon Jean , Juskowiak Hugo , Sallé Loïc 
Published: April 2021

Depuis les années 1990, le travail des entraîneurs français de football professionnel évolue et se caractérise notamment par une plus forte propension à la mobilité internationale. Qu’ils soient des figures plus ou moins connues du football hexagonal et qu’ils aient construit un palmarès plus ou moins fourni au cours de leur carrière, les techniciens français bénéficient souvent d’une image positive hors de France et sont, aujourd’hui, très nombreux à exercer leur activité dans d’autres championnats ou à la tête de sélections nationales étrangères. Combien sont-ils ? Qui sont-ils et pourquoi acceptent-ils d’exercer à l’étranger ? Cet article propose, d’une part, de quantifier et de situer l’expatriation des techniciens du « ballon rond » et, d’autre part, de montrer en quoi la perception des entraîneurs peut révéler des formes de mobilités professionnelles subies, consenties ou encore choisies, dépendantes de la position occupée dans l’espace professionnel et pouvant relier logique individuelle et mécanismes organisationnels de la profession.
Retour sur la notion d'inconciliabilité des décisions au sens du Règlement « Bruxelles I »
Authors: Fulli-Lemaire Samuel 
Published: April 2021

Statuant sur l'article 27.3° de la Convention de Bruxelles du 27 septembre 1968 concernant la compétence judiciaire et l'exécution des décisions en matière civile et commerciale, dont les termes sont identiques à ceux de l'article 34, 3) du règlement CE n° 44/2001 (« Bruxelles I »), la Cour de justice des Communautés européennes a précisé qu'afin d'établir s'il y a inconciliabilité au sens de ce texte, il convenait de rechercher si les décisions en cause entraînaient des conséquences juridiques qui s'excluaient mutuellement (CJCE 4 févr. 1988, aff. C-145/86, Hoffmann c/ Krieg, pt 22). Deux décisions, dont l'une rejette une demande de nullité d'un prêt pour absence de cause et l'autre considère qu'aucune créance n'a pu valablement naître de ce même prêt, sont inconciliables au sens de l'article 34, 3) du règlement CE n° 44/2001 (« Bruxelles I »).
L’histoire du vol habité en France
Authors: Lardier Christian 
Published: April 2021

La France, consciente du coût de l’accès à l’espace, n’a pas développé de filière « vol habité », mais a cependant participé à celle-ci avec l’envoi de spationautes, depuis Jean-Loup Chrétien en 1982, jusqu’à Thomas Pesquet avec un deuxième vol prévu fin avril 2021.
Histoire militaire
Authors: Franc Claude 
Published: April 2021

Il y a soixante ans, le putsch des généraux faisait trembler la V e République instaurée par le général de Gaulle, suite à l’incapacité de la IV e à trouver une solution politique au conflit algérien. La rupture consommée du lien entre la nation et son armée a été inéluctable ; sa reconstruction demandera des décennies d’effort.
A Novel Method for Characterization of Ultralow Viscosity NCF Layers Using TCB for 3D Assembly
Authors: Capuz Giovanni , Lofrano Melina , Gerets Carine , Duval Fabrice , Bex Pieter , Derakhshandeh Jaber , Vanstreels Kris , Phommahaxay Alain , Beyne Eric , Miller Andy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
For die-to-wafer (D2W) stacking of high-density interconnects and fine-pitch microbumps, underfill serves to fill the spaces in-between microbumps for protection and reliability. Among the different types of underfill, nonconductive film (NCF) has the advantages of fillet and volume control. However, one of the challenges is the solder joint wetting. An NCF must have good embedded-flux activation to mitigate Cu UBM pad oxidation due to the repeated TCB cycles that accelerate oxidation on neighboring dice. The flux in the NCF also helps in wetting the solder bumps. To realize efficient solder wetting, one must also understand the NCF deformation quality, which is a function of its viscosity. This parameter has direct impact on the deformation of solder bumps. High-viscosity NCF would be difficult to deform, thus preventing solder contact to pad during TCB reflow temperature. High bond force is required and could lead to reduced alignment accuracy. For a low viscous NCF, it requires low bond force. Solder joint wetting is a challenge with excessive squeezeout due to fast and instantaneous deformation. We seek to demonstrate in this article a creative methodology for NCF material characterization, considering the factors of NCF viscosity, deformation, and solder squeezeout. We use TCB tool position-tracking data to define the deformation curve of the NCF as a function of temperature and time at very fast profile of TCB. We use the NCF viscosity curve as reference in relation to the actual deformation, and predict dynamic deformation in three different configurations. Deformation test configurations were performed on chips with and without microbumps bonded with a rigid flat glass surface and with a bottom Cu UBM pad. The experiments were performed with different heating ramp rates at target above Sn reflow of ~250°C interface temperature. As validation, we applied the optimized TCB process (force, temperature, and ramp rate) on a test vehicle with 20 and 40 μm pitch daisy chains and obtained very good connectivity with good joint and IMC formation.
The Role of Knowledge, Attitude, Gender, and School Grades in Preventing Drugs Use: Findings on Students’ Intentions to Participate in Peer Education Program
Authors: Nurmala Ira , Muthmainnah  , Hariastuti Iswari , Devi Yuli Puspita , Ruwandasari Nurvita 
Published: April 2021

Background Student groups are prone to drug abuse. The prevalence of drugs in the past year among high school students in Surabaya, Indonesia occupies the highest provincial capital (9.4%). The purpose of this study analyzed the relationship between knowledge about drugs, attitudes about peer education, gender, class, and students’ intention to participate in peer education programs in HEY (Health Educator for Youth) activities. Design and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with student participants (12-18 years) in six high schools in Surabaya, Indonesia (n=167). This study used an online survey to assess knowledge of drugs and students’ attitudes about HEY peer education activities. Results More than half of the students have insufficient knowledge about drugs and have negative attitudes about peer education in HEY activities. This study also showed that students’ intention to participate in peer education was not influenced by the level of knowledge, student attitudes, and gender. The results of statistical tests showed that there was a relationship between class and student participation in peer education activities. This showed that the student's factor regarding participation in peer education was a class category where the lower class is more motivated to participate. Conclusion Most students have less knowledge about drugs and a negative attitude about peer education. However, the intention to participate in peer education activities is more thus it is necessary to improve the quality of peer educators through activities that are performed regularly by various relevant stakeholders.
An Audit of Clinical Studies Involving Elderly Population Registered in Clinical Trials Registry of India
Authors: Sharma Avi Anil , Karekar Sonali Rajiv , Shetty Yashashri Chandrakant 
Published: April 2021

Context:
The elderly in India form a heterogeneous subset of the population with significant disease burden variations. However, there are no data available regarding the type of research studies conducted in an elderly population in India.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to analyze the research studies conducted in the elderly population in India based on data from the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI).

Settings and Design:
This was an “audit” of available data on the CTRI website.

Participants and Methods:
Following exemption from the Institutional Ethics Committee, all studies in the elderly population registered in CTRI from its inception (July 2007 to August 2019) were reviewed. Data captured with respect to geographical distribution, study designs used, therapy area, trial registration, and funding.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics using SPSS version 16.0.

Results:
Out of a total of 21,400 studies in CTRI, a total of 99 (0.46%) studies involved only elderly patients. Of these studies, 60 (60.6%) were interventional, whereas 39 (39.4%) were observational. Of all the interventional studies, 17 (28%) tested drugs, 26 (43%) tested a lifestyle intervention, and the rest were nutraceuticals, Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy, and physiotherapy. Postgraduate theses constituted 60 (60.6%) studies. Eighty-seven (87.9%) were academic projects, eight (8.1%) were government-funded studies, and only four (4%) were pharmaceutical-sponsored studies. The most commonly studied therapy area was the central nervous system, followed by community medicine and orthopedics.

Conclusions:
This study depicts the underrepresentation of the geriatric population in clinical studies.
Gender Differences in Osteoarthritis of Knee
Authors: Thati Srinivas 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
The global burden of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is on the rise with advancing age, as life expectancy is improving worldwide. The literature shows a higher prevalence and incidence of KOA in women. The gender differences are seen not only in the developing world but also in the developed world. KOA at advanced stage can be quite disabling affecting the individuals' functioning capacity. The available treatment modalities can improve the quality of life significantly. The aim of this review is to study the gender differences in epidemiological and clinical aspects of KOA in Indian population.

Methods:
The keywords “knee osteoarthritis, Gender, India,” “knee osteoarthritis, Sex, India,” and “knee osteoarthritis, Prevalence, India” are used for data search for retrieving data from Indian studies in MEDLINE and Google Scholar. The broad inclusion criteria were clinical and radiological diagnosis of KOA, inclusive of both men and women and excluded articles with rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory arthritis, and secondary causes of arthritis.

Results:
A total of 18 articles were found to fulfill the broad inclusive criteria. Majority of the articles were cross-sectional prevalence studies either done in a community setup or in tertiary care hospitals. The overall prevalence of KOA in these studies ranges from 27.1% to 66.1%, depending on the lower age limit of the study population. Postmenopausal women are affected more than premenopausal women. High body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis were the common comorbid conditions.

Discussion & Conclusion:
The gender difference in the incidence and prevalence is seen in several cross-sectional studies and case series in the Indian literature. However, there is a paucity of data on clinical presentation, progression of the diseases, disability scoring at various stages of the KOA, and management.
Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Symptomatic Uterine Leiomyoma in Women with Hypovitaminosis D
Authors: Suneja Amita , Faridi Fahmina , Bhatt Shuchi , Guleria Kiran , Mehndiratta Mohit , Sharma Richa 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of Vitamin D3 on symptoms, uterine and leiomyoma volume in women with symptomatic leiomyoma and hypovitaminosis D.

Materials and Methods:
In this pilot, interventional, prospective study, 30 premenopausal women with uterine leiomyoma and concomitant hypovitaminosis D (<30 ng/ml) received Vitamin D3 in doses of 60,000 IU weekly for 8 weeks followed by 60,000 IU every 2 weeks for another 8 weeks. Change in symptoms, uterine, and leiomyoma volume was evaluated at 8 weeks and 16 weeks. Serum Vitamin D3 levels were repeated at 16 weeks of therapy.

Results:
A significant negative correlation was observed between the baseline 25-hydroxy Vitamin D (25(OH) Vitamin D3) and leiomyoma volume (r = –0.434, P < 0.001). There was significant reduction of menstrual blood loss by 29.89% (P = 0.003) and severity of dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, and backache by 44.12%, 35%, and 50% (P < 0.001, 0.019, and 0.002), respectively, at 16 weeks. At end of therapy, there was 6% reduction in mean uterine volume and 11% in leiomyoma volume which was not significant. Serum 25(OH) Vitamin D3 was significantly higher than baseline level (17.44 ± 5.82 vs. 39.38 ± 8.22, P < 0.001) at end of therapy.

Conclusion:
Vitamin D3 supplementation is effective in reducing leiomyoma-related symptoms and stabilizing uterine and leiomyoma volume.
Oral health status and use of sugary products among adolescents in urban and rural schools in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alwabari Mostafa Ahmed , Alquraini Ali Malik , Albakheet Ali Saeed , Alsaljah Reham Saad , Alkuhl Huda , Ashraf Javed , Alotaibi Abdel Raouf , Bokhari Syed Akhtar Hussain 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Diet of an individual plays a remarkable role in maintaining health. Urbanization has had a great impact on the food habits of the society with the balance shifting to sweetened and refined food consumption. Dietary habits also has remarkable contribution to dental and overall health status. Aim: This study was designed to evaluate oral health awareness, practices, status, and the use of sugary products among urban and rural high school adolescents of Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and methods:
A cross-sectional mixed study was conducted using questionnaire and clinical examination among two female and two male urban and rural schools. Information on oral health awareness, practices, and use of sugar products were obtained using a self-reported structured questionnaire. Oral health status was assessed using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, gingival index, Angle's classification at University dental clinics. The Chi-square test and t-test were performed using SPSS.

Results and Discussion:
Ninety-seven urban and one hundred and twenty-eight rural students with a median age of 17 years for males and 16 years for females completed the study. Eighty-five percent urban and 86% rural students demonstrated oral health awareness and practices, showing significant level for rural females (54%, P = 0.002) and urban females (72%, P = 0.006). Ninety-four percent urban and 89% of rural students used sugary products with a significant level for rural females (P = 0.001) for carbonated drinks only. Eighty-six percent of students had decayed, 22% missing and 38% filled teeth. Mean DMFT was 7.0 ± 4.7. Ninety-five (95%) participants showed mild-to-moderate gingivitis, 35% malocclusion, 11% other oral pathologies. Rural and urban difference for oral health parameters was significant only for filled teeth (P = 0.001) for urban and missing teeth (P = 0.019) among 15 years old for rural adolescents.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates a good level of oral health awareness, but poor oral health status among both urban and rural students with an insignificant difference for most of the parameters studied.
Knowledge and awareness of basic life support among nonhealth-care providers in Riyadh
Authors: Khashaba Ahmed Sayed , Alharbi Mogbel Khalaf , Alghunaim Madawi Saleh , Alsemari Leena Abdulrahman , Almohaimeed Wasaif Saleh 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Sudden cardiac arrest is a life-threatening emergency and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in Saudi Arabia.

Aims:
This study aims to evaluate the level of knowledge and awareness toward basic life support (BLS) among nonhealth-care professionals in Riyadh.

Methods:
This cross-sectional descriptive survey was done using random sampling during the time period of June 2020. Data were collected using self-administered online questionnaire which was adapted from a validated questionnaire that was used previously in a similar study. The questionnaire contained three parts: (i) demographic data, (ii) questions on awareness related to BLS, and (iii) questions on the level of BLS knowledge. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 25, and Chi-square test was used to find association between the level of knowledge and demographic factors.

Results and Discussion:
A total of 429 respondents completed the questionnaire: 80% were females and majority were 21–30 years old (39.4%). Our results demonstrated that only 22% had previous BLS training of which 43% had good knowledge and 56% had poor knowledge about BLS. There was a significant association between the level of BLS knowledge with gender (P = 0.007), education (P = 0.006), and occupation (P = 0.049). Nearly 84.4% of the respondents were aware that their knowledge in BLS was insufficient.

Conclusions:
Overall, the level of knowledge and awareness among nonhealth-care professionals in Riyadh are poor. Introduction of BLS courses in the education curriculum is highly recommended.
Prevalence of carotid artery calcifications in Riyadh from digital panoramic radiographs and its relationship with cardiovascular disorders
Authors: Sinjab Alaa Ziad , Soman Cristalle , Sahab Lujain Ahmed 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Atherosclerosis of the external division of the carotid artery contributes to approximately 20% among all the reasons leading to stroke. The strategies for the prevention of stroke remain underutilized despite the advancements in healthcare. Dentists can contribute in the prevention of stroke by identifying patients at risk from the details revealed in radiographic imaging.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of carotid artery calcifications (CACs) detected on digital panoramic radiographs in Riyadh and its relationship with cardiovascular disorders.

Methodology:
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh Elm University using digital panoramic radiographs. A total of 158 panoramic radiographs were analyzed with patients aged ≥18 years. The presence of CAC was determined and confirmed by an oral radiologist. Medical records were retrieved and collected from the digital data base after ethical approval. Chi-square test of independence was performed to examine the relationship between variables (age, gender, and medical problems) and the presence of calcification.

Results and Discussion:
From the data scrutinized, 158 panoramic radiographs were included for the study. 111 radiographs did not have any calcifications. 47 radiographs depicted the presence of soft tissue calcification, out of which 20 radiographs were of CAC and the remaining contributed to other soft tissue calcifications seen in the neck region. There was significant correlation between age and calcification, P = 0.003 with the highest prevalence in 40–69 years. Correlation between gender, CAC, and medically compromised conditions associated with cardiovascular systems was not significant.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of CAC in the Riyadh population was 1.12%. CAC comprised of 12.66% among all the soft tissue calcifications of the neck in this study. Patients are not aware of the underlying cardiovascular risk that CAC can pose. Dentists' diagnostic efficiency in analyzing CAC, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular events, can reduce further morbidities or mortality rates enhancing the quality of life and life span.
Antimicrobial effect of different calcium silicate – Based bioceramic endodontic sealers against Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Abduljabbar Salah M. , Abumostafa Ammar 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
A successful root canal treatment ensures complete sealing of the root canal to abstain from re-infections. The efficiency of antimicrobial activity of the sealers is important for achieving long term success in root canal therapy.

Aim:
This study compared the antibacterial properties of three calcium silicate-based root canal sealers against Enterococcus faecalis at varying incubation time periods.

Materials and Methods:
This in vitro cross sectional experimental study was designed with three root canal sealers, namely, Endosequence/BC Sealer, CeraSeal, and BioRoot RCS. Freshly mixed selars were placed in agar plates infused with Enterococcus faecalis. Incubation at 37°C under anaerobic conditions was done for 1 week, during which measurements of the inhibition zones were recorded at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days. Data were compared using ANOVA, and Tukey's tests (P < 0.05).

Results and Discussion:
Bacterial growth inhibition was demonstrated by all the sealers tested, with antimicrobial activity being highest for BioRoot RCS and least for CeraSeal. An increase in duration of incubation, positively affected the antimicrobial properties.

Conclusion:
Significant difference (P < 0.05) of bacterial inhibition was observed among different time duration of 24 h compared to 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days, for all tested materials. Moreover, BioRoot RCS showed significant bacterial inhibition to tested microorganism.
Interruptions to Attending Physician Rounds and Their Effect on Resident Education
Authors: Armendariz Julia , Tamayo Carla , Slade Justin , Belitskaya-Lévy Ilana , Gray Caroline , Allaudeen Nazima 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Daily attending rounds (AR) are a cornerstone of teaching and patient care in academic health centers. Interruptions in health care are common and can cause increased risk of errors, incomplete work, and decreased decision-making accuracy. Interruptions to AR may diminish a trainee's capacity to learn and retain information.

Objective
We characterized and quantified interruptions that occur during AR.

Methods
We used a mixed-methods design combining a prospective observational study with a qualitative study. AR were observed January to March 2020 to characterize interruptions, followed by semi-structured interviews with the observed physicians to elucidate the effect of interruptions on workflow and the educational value of rounds.

Results
There were 378 observed interruptions over the course of 30 AR sessions, averaging 12.6 (range 1–22, median 13) interruptions per rounding session. Bedside nursing staff was the most common source of interruptions (25%) and consultant recommendations was the most common topic of interruption (21%). Most interruptions occurred during patient presentations (76%), and the most common method of interaction was text message (24%). Most team members described negative effects of interruptions, including loss of focus and missing critical clinical information; some also reported that certain interruptions had positive effects on education and clinical care. Interns were more likely to report negative emotional reactions to interruptions.

Conclusions
AR are frequently interrupted for non-urgent topics by a variety of methods and sources. Negative effects included loss of focus, missed information, and increased stress. Proactive communication, particularly between physicians and nurses, was suggested to reduce interruptions.