bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family Law Trends in Ukraine
Authors: Truba Vyacheslav I. , Tokarchuk Lyudmila M. , Morozova Stella Ye. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper provides the results of the analysis of the current state of legal regulation of family relations in Ukraine, and summarises the main problems of the legislation that establishes general principles of regulation of family relations. Particular attention is devoted to the research into the basic principles of family law, and how they are reflected in the Constitution of Ukraine and the Family Code of Ukraine. To assess the compliance of the Family Code of Ukraine with current societal developments, a careful comparison of its provisions with the principles developed by the Commission on European Family Law (cefl) is needed. The family legislation of Ukraine requires detailed monitoring, factoring in the provisions of a questionnaire developed by the Commission. There is a need to introduce a system of national planning, development and adoption by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the concept of national legal policy.
From the War on farc to the War on Dissidents: a Critique of Imperial Peace in a Post-Agreement Theatre of War
Authors: Villar Oliver 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In 2016, Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People’s Army (farc-ep) signed a peace deal (The Final Agreement to End the Conflict and Establish a Stable and Long-lasting Peace) in Havana, Cuba to end a 50-year-old civil war. This paper argues that, contrary to the conventional view, the relinquishing of weapons was a mistake, which is best understood through the context of regional power relations and politics of the Pink Tide and United States imperialism. It also argues that the peace deal has only favoured repressive political forces. It is hoped that this critical analysis of imperial peace will provoke further debate and discussion of the policies and movements which have disintegrated or survived, and can spark genuine solidarity amongst liberation struggles to achieve better strategic outcomes that are independent of any state power, however great or small.
Important factors in the tracking of tropical cyclones in operational models
Authors: Marchok Timothy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMultiple configurations of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory vortex tracker are tested to determine a setup that produces the best representation of a model forecast tropical cyclone center fix for the purpose of providing track guidance with the highest degree of accuracy and availability. Details of the tracking algorithms are provided, including descriptions of both the Barnes analysis used for center-fixing most variables and a separate scheme used for center-fixing wind circulation. The tracker is tested by running multiple configurations on all storms from the 2015-2017 hurricane seasons in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific Basins using forecasts from two operational National Weather Service models, the Global Forecast System (GFS) and the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecast (HWRF) model. A configuration that tracks only 850 mb geopotential height has the smallest forecast track errors of any configuration based on an individual parameter. However, a configuration composed of the mean of eleven parameters outperforms any of the configurations that are based on individual parameters. Configurations composed of subsets of the eleven parameters and including both mass and momentum variables provide results comparable to or better than the full 11-parameter configuration. In particular, a subset configuration with thickness variables excluded generally outperforms the 11-parameter mean, while one composed of variables from only the 850 mb and near-surface layers performs nearly as well as the 11-parameter mean. Tracker configurations composed of multiple variables are more reliable in providing guidance through the end of a forecast period than are tracker configurations based on individual parameters.
The Role of Planetary-Scale Eddies on the Recent Isentropic Slope Trend during Boreal Winter
Authors: Park Mingyu , Lee Sukyoung 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccording to baroclinic adjustment theory, the isentropic slope maintains its marginal state for baroclinic instability. However, the recent trend of Arctic warming raises the possibility that there could have been a systematic change in the extratropical isentropic slope. In this study, global reanalysis data are used to investigate this possibility. The result shows that tropospheric isentropes north of 50°N have been flattening significantly during winter for the recent 25 years. This trend pattern fluctuates at intraseasonal time scales. An examination of the temporal evolution indicates that it is the planetary-scale (zonal wavenumbers-1–3) eddy heat fluxes, not the synoptic-scale eddy heat fluxes, that flatten the isentropes; synoptic-scale eddy heat fluxes instead respond to the subsequent changes in isentropic slope. This extratropical planetary-scale wave growth is preceded by an enhanced zonal asymmetry of tropical heating and poleward wave activity vectors. A numerical model is used to test if the observed latent heating can generate the observed isentropic slope anomalies. The result shows that the tropical heating indeed contributes to the isentropic slope trend. The agreement between the model solution and the observation improves substantially if extratropical latent heating is also included in the forcing. The model temperature response shows a pattern resembling the warm-Arctic–cold-continent pattern. From these results, it is concluded that the recent flattening trend of isentropic slope north of 50°N is mostly caused by planetary-scale eddy activities generated from latent heating, and that this change is accompanied by a warm-Arctic–cold-continent pattern that permeates the entire troposphere.
Interconnected bureaucracies? Comparing online and offline networks during global climate negotiations
Authors: Goritz Alexandra , Jörgens Helge , Kolleck Nina 
Published: June 2021

Measuring the influence of international public administrations has traditionally been conducted with ‘offline’ data, using interviews, surveys or official documents. However, an emerging strand of the literature argues that influence can also be observed ‘online’, with data based on online social networks, such as Twitter. Our contribution aims at bringing these two strands closer together. We triangulate offline data from a large-N survey with online data from Twitter to examine to what extent they provide distinct theoretical and methodological insights into the role of international public administrations in global governance. As a case study, we use the policy area of global climate governance, an issue area where the influence of international public administrations has raised increasing scholarly interest. Our findings show that international public administrations occupy potentially influential positions in both ‘offline’ and ‘online’ networks. They are more often central actors in the survey network than in Twitter network, but in both networks, they constitute the primary source of issue-specific information. Points for practitioners First, online social networks provide practitioners with opportunities to connect and interact with other political actors and help shape public discourse through communication. Second, online social networks provide important forums for societal actors who aim to protect global public goods. Third, online social networks offer actors the opportunity to shape values and norms, and to persuade persons or organizations beyond one’s own circle. Therefore, it is particularly important that online communication strategies are carefully designed and implemented in view of their potential power.
The Age-Graded Consequences of Justice System Involvement for Mental Health
Authors: Powell Kathleen 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Drawing on the life course and social stress perspectives, this paper examines age variation in the mental health consequences of justice system involvement by assessing arrest, conviction, or incarceration as possible age-graded stressors that amplify harm at younger ages of involvement. Methods: Individual fixed effect regression models utilizing National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1997) data test whether age moderates the mental health impact of arrest, conviction, or incarceration. Follow-up analyses for moderated associations compute and compare age-specific relationships to identify differences in the significance and magnitude of mental health consequences for contacts spanning late adolescence, emerging adulthood, and adulthood. Results: The incarceration-mental health relationship is moderated by age, as significant harms to mental health are exclusively observed following secure confinement in late adolescence (ages 16–17) and emerging adulthood (18–24), but not in adulthood (25–33). The lack of moderation between arrest and mental health indicates a universally harmful experience at all ages. Conclusions: Evidence supports conceptualizing incarceration as an age-graded social stressor that is correlated with pronounced harm to mental health during late adolescence and emerging adulthood. Future research should identify the mechanisms of this unique stress response following earlier incarcerations and its long-term salience for processes of cumulative disadvantage.
Femoral head collapse rate among Japanese patients with pre-collapse osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Asada Ryuta , Abe Hiroyasu , Hamada Hidetoshi , Fujimoto Yusuke , Choe Hyonmin , Takahashi Daisuke , Ueda Shusuke , Kuroda Yutaka , Miyagawa Takaki , Yamada Kazuki , Tanaka Takeyuki , Ito Juji , Morita Satoshi , Takagi Michiaki , Tetsunaga Tomonori , Kaneuji Ayumi , Inaba Yutaka , Tanaka Sakae , Matsuda Shuichi , Sugano Nobuhiko , Akiyama Haruhiko 
Published: June 2021

Objective In this study, we aimed to elucidate the relationship between the duration from diagnosis to femoral head collapse and the collapse rate among patients with pre-collapse osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Methods In this retrospective, observational, multicenter study, we analyzed 268 patients diagnosed with ONFH and classified them using the Japanese Investigation Committee classification. The primary endpoint was duration from the time of diagnosis to femoral head collapse for each type of ONFH. Results The 12-, 24-, and 36-month collapse rates among participants were 0%, 0%, and 0% for type A, respectively; 0%, 2.0%, and 10.8% for type B, respectively; 25.5%, 40.8%, and 48.5% for type C-1, respectively; and 57.4%, 70.3%, and 76.7% for type C-2 ONFH, respectively. A comparison of unilateral and bilateral ONFH, using Kaplan–Meier survival curves demonstrated similar collapse rates. Conclusions The lowest collapse rate was observed for ONFH type A, followed by types B, C-1, and C-2. Additionally, a direct association was observed between the collapse rate and location of the osteonecrotic lesion on the weight-bearing surface.
A Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture Initiative in Ethnic Communities of Northern Thailand: Local Perspectives and Future Prospects
Authors: Roesler Anna , Smithers Lisa G. , Wangpakapattanawong Prasit , Moore Vivienne 
Published: June 2021

Background: Nutrition-sensitive agriculture (NSA) interventions can contribute to improved food security and household dietary diversity. As well as undertaking trials, contextual factors that influence sustainability need to be scoped. Objective: To explore locals’ views of an NSA initiative, designed to improve food security and reduce malnutrition in children younger than 5 years, scoping future prospects 6 months after the conclusion of the trial. Methods: The initiative that was formally trialed over 6 months (November 2014 to April 2015) entailed keeping hens and home gardens. It occurred in the ethnic hill tribes of northern Thailand. In November 2015, 20 in-depth interviews were undertaken with villagers who had been involved in the initiative. Dialogue occurred in Thai with assistance of a translator and was recorded, transcribed, and translated to English. A detailed thematic analysis was undertaken. Results: Eggs produced by the hens were appreciated and fed to children, and the message of providing children with an egg a day was widely remembered. Subsequently, the hens ceased laying or died. The home gardens had seasonal scarcity of water. Less visible, but fundamental, women lacked time for these activities due to heavy burdens of farm labor. Conclusion: Keeping hens has potential to become a sustainable activity. Home gardens need water infrastructure to be viable. Women do not necessarily have spare capacity for such initiatives. The required labor needs deliberation by villagers.
Psychosocial and lifestyle predictors of distress and well-being in people with mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chapman Justin J , Malacova Eva , Patterson Sue , Reavley Nicola , Wyder Marianne , Brown Wendy J , Hielscher Emily , Childs Sarah , Scott James G 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: People with mental illness may be vulnerable to psychological distress and reduced well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess psychosocial and lifestyle predictors of distress and well-being in people with mental illness during the pandemic. Method: People with mental illness who participated in an exercise programme prior to the pandemic were invited to complete surveys about mental health and lifestyle corresponding to before and during the pandemic. Results: Social support reduced, alcohol intake increased, and sleep quality and diet worsened during the pandemic, contributing to distress. Psychological distress was associated with the two or more mental illnesses, and negatively associated with having a physical disease. Better diet appeared to protect against increases in distress; loneliness hindered improvements in well-being. Conclusions: Healthy lifestyle programmes designed to improve social connection may improve health for people with mental illnesses during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Severe Persistent Pain and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Sickle Cell Disease: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Knisely Mitchell R. , Tanabe Paula J. , Walker Julia K. L. , Yang Qing , Shah Nirmish R. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Severe pain is among the most common and deleterious symptoms experienced by individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD), of whom more than 50% report chronic pain. Despite this, the understanding of the biological contributors to persistent severe SCD pain is limited. This exploratory study sought to describe pain phenotypes based on frequency of severe pain experienced over 6 months and identify inflammatory biomarkers associated with pain phenotypes among individuals with SCD. Methods: This study used self-report and electronic health record data collected from 74 individuals enrolled in the Duke Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium Registry. Plasma from previously collected blood specimens was used to generate inflammatory biomarker data using the Inflammation 20-plex ProcartaPlexTM panel. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the occurrence of severe pain over the past 6 months, and bi-variate analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and pain phenotypes. Results: Among the 74 participants included in this study, 33.8% reported severe pain occurring never or rarely, 40.5% reported severe pain occurring sometimes, and 25.7% reported severe pain occurring often or always. Soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) was the only inflammatory biomarker significantly associated with the pain phenotype groups ( p = 0.049). Post hoc comparisons identified that participants in the often/always severe pain group had significantly higher plasma concentrations of sE-selectin compared to those in the sometimes severe pain group ( p = 0.040). Conclusions: Our findings provide preliminary evidence of the frequent occurrence of severe pain and that sE-selectin may be an objective biomarker for the frequent occurrence of severe pain in this population.
Socio-demographic differences in polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate drug use among older people with different care needs and in care settings in Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Doheny Megan , Schön Pär , Orsini Nicola , Fastbom Johan , Burström Bo , Agerholm Janne 
Published: June 2021

Aims: Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) are risk factors for negative health outcomes among older people. This study aimed to investigate socio-demographic differences in polypharmacy and PIM use among older people with different care needs in a standard versus an integrated care setting. Methods: Population-based register data on residents aged ⩾65 years in Stockholm County based on socio-demographic background and social care use in 2014 was linked to prescription drug use in 2015. A logistic regression analysis was used to estimate socio-demographic differences in polypharmacy and PIM, adjusting for education, age group, sex, country of birth, living alone, morbidity and dementia by care setting based on area and by care need (i.e. independent, home help or institutionalised). Results: The prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM was greater among home-help users (60.4% and 11.5% respectively) and institutional residents (74.4% and 11.9%, respectively). However, there were greater socio-demographic differences among the independent, with those with lower education, older age and females having higher odds of polypharmacy and PIM. Morbidity was a driver of polypharmacy (odds ratio (OR)=1.19, confidence interval (CI) 1.16–1.22) among home-help users. Dementia diagnosis was associated with reduced odds of polypharmacy and PIM among those in institutions (OR=0.78, CI 0.71–0.87 and OR 0.52, CI 0.45–0.59, respectively) and of PIM among home-help users (OR=0.53, 95% CI 0.42–0.67). Conclusions: Polypharmacy and PIM were associated with care needs, most prevalent among home-help users and institutional residents, but socio-demographic differences were most prominent among those living independently, suggesting that municipal care might reduce differences between socio-demographic groups. Care setting had little effect on inappropriate drug use, indicating that national guidelines are followed.
Kinematic analysis of two scapholunate ligament reconstruction techniques
Authors: Chae Seungbum , Nam Junho , Park Il-Jung , Shin Steven S. , McGarry Michelle H. , Lee Thay Q 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: This study compares the kinematic changes after the procedures for scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) reconstruction—the modified Brunelli technique (MBT) and Mark Henry’s technique (MHT). Methods: Ten cadaveric wrists were used. The scapholunate (SL) interval and angle and radiolunate (RL) angle were recorded using the MicroScribe system. The SL interval was measured by dividing the volar and dorsal portions. Four motions of the wrist were performed—neutral, flexion, extension, and clenched fist (CF) positions—and compared among five conditions: (1) intact wrist, (2) volar SLIL resection, (3) whole SLIL resection, (4) MBT reconstruction, and (5) MHT reconstruction. Results: Under the whole SLIL resection condition, the dorsal SL intervals were widened in all positions. In all positions, the dorsal SL intervals were restored after MBT and MHT. The volar SL interval widened in the extension position after volar SLIL resection. The volar SL interval was not restored in the extension position after MBT and MHT. The SL angle increased in the neutral and CF positions under the whole SLIL resection condition. The SL angle was not restored in the neutral and CF positions after MBT and MHT. The RL angle increased in the neutral and CF positions under the whole SLIL resection condition. The RL angle was not restored in the neutral and CF positions after MBT and MHT. Conclusion: The MBT and MHT may restore the dorsal SL interval. No significant differences in restoration of the SL interval between MBT and MHT were found in the cadaveric models. Clinical relevance: No significant differences between MBT and MHT were found in the cadaveric models for SLIL reconstruction. When considering the complications due to volar incision and additional procedures in MHT, MBT may be a more efficient technique in terms of operative time and injury of the anterior structures during surgery, but further research is needed.
Inverted Internal Limiting Membrane Flap vs Complete Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for Large Macular Holes in Nonposturing Surgery
Authors: Rahman Rubina , Sarfraz Mohammad Waseem , El-Wardani Mohamad 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: This study compared anatomical and functional outcomes of the inverted internal limiting membrane flap (ILMF) technique with complete ILM peeling (ILMP) in nonposturing surgery for large, full-thickness macular holes (MHs). Methods: This was a retrospective, comparative, single-surgeon study. Eyes with idiopathic large full-thickness MHs (minimum diameter > 400 μm) were included. A total of 46 patients including 22 ILMF cases and 24 ILMP cases were analyzed. No positioning instructions were advised postoperatively. Results: Primary hole closure was achieved in all patients (100%) in both groups. Mean logMAR visual acuity (VA) improved significantly in both groups compared with the preoperative values (ILMF: 0.60 [SD, 0.26] postoperatively, vs 0.93 [SD, 0.3] preoperatively, P = .032; ILMP: 0.43 [SD, 0.22] postoperatively vs 0.83 [SD, 0.16] preoperatively, P < .01). However, ILMP showed a statistically significant improvement in VA compared with ILMF ( P = .02). Conclusions: All MHs in both groups closed after surgery (100%). There was a statistically significant improvement of VA in the ILMP group compared with the ILMF group ( P = .02). Not posturing after surgery did not compromise surgical success in both groups.