bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential oils used in dermocosmetics: Review about its biological activities
Authors: Cunha Cassandra , Ribeiro Helena Margarida , Rodrigues Márcio , Araujo André R.T.S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionCurrently, the demand for the use of constituents of natural origin in cosmetic formulations in detriment of synthetic compounds is noticeable. Several studies assess the potential of essential oils when incorporated into various cosmetic formulations and study their biological activities. This work intends to prepare a literature review on essential oils tested in dermocosmetic formulations and whose biological activities were evaluated through in vitro and/or in vivo tests. The main objectives for this study were as follows: to identify the essential oils that have been used in cosmetic formulations; and compile information on the main biological activities tested in cosmetic formulations.MethodsA search was carried out until 2021 in the scientific databases PubMed and Web of Science, using different search terms, and several scientific articles from in vitro and in vivo studies in animals and clinical trials were selected and analyzed of involving development dermocosmetic formulations containing essential oils and the analysis of their biological activities.ResultsThese studies demonstrate that the antimicrobial activity (antibacterial and antifungal) is the one most studied, mainly through in vitro tests. In vivo studies were also carried out either in animals or in clinical studies showing different effects, such as repellent action, inhibition of hair growth, and action against migraine. Regarding formulations, it was evident that creams are the most used.ConclusionsThere is enormous potential for the use of essential oils in future formulations in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry, in particular as preservatives, exploring their other biological activities.
Long‐term high densities of African elephants clear the understorey and promote a new stable savanna woodland community
Authors: Ferry Nicolas , Dray Stéphane , Fritz Hervé , Ipavec Audrey , Wigley Benjamin J. , Charles‐Dominique Tristan , Bourgarel Mathieu , Sebele Lovelater , Valeix Marion 
Published: December 2021

AbstractQuestionsSpecies defined as ecosystem engineers (e.g. elephant) are able to strongly shape their habitat. In African savannas, elephants have often been shown to reduce woody‐plant abundance and diversity. However, recent studies highlight more complex elephant‐induced effects on vegetation. Here, we assessed if long‐term high elephant densities (>2 km−2) in a large open landscape resulted in the depletion of savanna woodland woody communities or if it led to a new alternative equilibrium.LocationWoodland savanna of Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe. Elephant densities at the study site have remained high for the past two decades (>2 km−²).MethodsWe measured long‐term (>15 years) elephant utilisation of woody‐plant communities and their effects on vegetation structure, species composition and functional traits (e.g. N leaf concentration, specific leaf area) in 12 vegetation plots.ResultsWe observed opportunistic foraging behaviour by elephants with only a slight temporal shift in species composition, mainly explained by changes in rare species. Further, we did not observe any modification in mean functional trait values, overall height, and stem diameters of the woody‐plant communities. However, we found differential changes in woody‐plant abundance according to the height layer (decrease in the number of tall plants [>200 cm] and increase in the number of short plants [<50 cm]) and a strong reduction in crown diameter for plants in the 50–200 cm height class.ConclusionOur study strongly suggests that long‐term high elephant densities have led to a stable state in savanna woodland vegetation in terms of plant community composition and their functional traits. However, high elephant densities did affect vegetation structure, which would have several important indirect effects on this ecosystem (e.g. predator–prey interactions). We hope that this study stimulates more work on the long‐term effects of ecosystem engineers in large and open ecosystems.
Between the constitution and the clinic: Formal and de facto rights to healthcare
Authors: Heimer Carol A. , Tolman Arielle W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn no domain of global health has there been more talk of rights than in HIV/AIDS, yet little is known about how the right to HIV/AIDS care is mobilized at the clinic level. Drawing on interviews and field observations in the United States, South Africa, Thailand, and Uganda, we analyze the legal consciousness of caregivers in five HIV clinics. We identify three organizational factors—clinics' focus on the distribution rather than the adequacy of existing resources, the duties for caregivers that patients' rights create, and the dominant norms of exchange in healthcare—that help to explain the low penetration of formal rights talk into clinics despite its prevalence outside them. However, we also observe that within clinics, rights may accrue differently than public discourse about rights might lead us to expect. We find that patients often benefit from highly localized, tacit de factorights that develop gradually over time with the support of state health infrastructure, clinic resources, and professional norms and commitments. These rights would be unlikely to stand up in a court of law but nevertheless have substantial impact on patients' access to care.
Israel's Periphery Doctrines: Then and Now
Authors: Guzansky Yoel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOne of Israel's first political strategies was its establishment of relations with non‐Arab states through its “periphery doctrine.” As a means of balancing pan‐Arabism and outflanking its hostile Arab neighbors, the strategy served to enhance Israel's security and economic ties, and reduce regional isolation. Today, Israel operates under a “reverse periphery doctrine,” having recently formed or improved ties with several Arab Gulf states and Eastern Mediterranean countries. The basis for the current Israeli strategy is the understanding by the involved parties that, despite specific political disagreements, they share certain security and economic interests for which an alliance can provide concrete, mutual benefits, especially countering the growing regional influences of Iran and Turkey. In both peripheries, Israel's diplomatic efforts were largely related to the relative power of Iran and Turkey, countries with which Israel had allied itself in the initial periphery. Their present‐day power is the reason Israel is aligned against them in the reverse periphery. As the United States continues to recede from the Middle East, members of the reverse periphery will be further emboldened to work together in managing shared threats.
Control of pyrethroid‐resistant populations of Triatoma infestans, the main vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, by treating dogs with fluralaner in the Argentine Chaco
Authors: Laiño Mariano Alberto , Cardinal Marta Victoria , Gaspe María Sol , Enriquez Gustavo Fabián , Alvedro Alejandra , Macchiaverna Natalia Paula , Gürtler Ricardo E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe assessed whether fluralaner administered to outbred healthy dogs reduced or supressed site infestation and abundance of pyrethroid‐resistant populations of Triatoma infestans Klug (Heteroptera: Reduviidae). We conducted a placebo‐controlled before‐and‐after efficacy trial in 28 infested sites in Castelli (Argentine Chaco) over 10 months. All 72 dogs initially present received either an oral dose of fluralaner (treated group) or placebo (control group) at month 0 posttreatment (MPT). Preliminary results justified treating all 38 control‐house dogs with fluralaner 1 month later, and 71 of 78 existing dogs at 7 MPT. Site‐level infestation and triatomine abundance were evaluated using timed manual searches with a dislodging aerosol. In the fluralaner‐treated group, infestation dropped significantly from 100% at baseline to 19% over 6–10 MPT whereas mean abundance fell highly significantly from 5.5 to 0.8–0.9 triatomines per unit effort. In the placebo group, site infestation and mean abundance remained stable between 0 and 1 MPT, and strongly declined after fluralaner administration from 13.0−14.7 ‐ triatomines at 0–1 MPT to 4.0–4.2 over 6–10 MPT. Only one of 81 noninfested sites before fluralaner treatment became infested subsequently. Fluralaner significantly reduced the site‐level infestation and abundance of pyrethroid‐resistant T. infestans and should be tested more widely in Phase III efficacy trials.
A review: Inferior alveolar nerve injury related to the impacted wisdom tooth
Authors: Wang Qian , Li Yong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExtraction of the impacted wisdom teeth, especially the difficult ones, might lead to postoperative complications, such as pain, swelling, alveolar osteitis, and inferior alveolar nerve injury. Injury of the inferior alveolar nerve is a relatively severe symptom, which could impact patients’ life. It could cause emotional problems, socialising problems, even legal action. Hence, there is very important to assess the therapeutic process with multi‐perspective views. This article systematically reviews the anatomic and iatrogenic factors related to the inferior alveolar nerve injury, introduces the outcomes and treatments, and proposes problem‐solving methods and prospects.
The Short‐ and Mid‐term Follow‐Up of Single‐Column Fixation in Transverse and Posterior Wall Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Yang Yun , Sun Jiachen , Xiang Zhou 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the radiological and clinical outcomes of the surgical treatment for transverse and posterior wall fractures using single‐column posterior fixation.MethodsFrom January 2009 to January 2018, a total of 24 patients with transverse and posterior wall acetabular fractures in our center were included in this retrospective study, including 17 males and seven females with a mean age of 47 years and a minimum follow‐up of 1 year. All cases were closed fractures. All fractures were fixed with single‐column fixation via the Kocher–Langenbeck approach. Primary outcome measures, including quality of reduction and clinical outcomes, were recorded by an independent observer, who also noted secondary outcome measures, including time to surgery, surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complications.ResultsTwenty‐four patients (range, 26–74 years) included 17 males and seven females. There were 14 cases on the left side and 10 cases on the right side. The mean time from injury to surgery was 7.1 days. Mean intraoperative blood loss and surgical time were 405.4 mL and 135.8 min, respectively. The mean follow‐up time was 29.5 months (range 12–96 months). All the acetabular fractures united within 5 months after surgery. The quality of reduction was graded as anatomical in 17 cases (70.8%), imperfect in three cases (12.5%), and poor in four cases (16.7%). According to grading system of Merle d’ Aubigne and Postel, clinical outcomes at the final follow‐up were excellent in 10 cases (41.7%), good in six cases (25.0%), fair in five cases (20.5%), and poor in three cases (12.5%). The excellent and good rate was 66.7%. There was a significant relation between the quality of reduction and clinical outcomes (P < 0.05). At follow‐up, there were one case of sciatic nerve injury, one case of wound infection, two cases of deep vein thrombosis, two cases of avascular necrosis, three cases of heterotopic ossification, and five cases of postoperative traumatic arthritis. Three of these patients underwent reoperation, including one with heterotopic ossification affecting hip movement and two with femoral head necrosis.ConclusionsOur study shows that single‐column posterior fixation of transverse and posterior wall acetabular fracture through the Kocher–Langenbeck approach can obtain satisfactory radiological and clinical outcomes if there is adequate indirect reduction of the anterior column.
Different Deformity Origins and Morphological Features in Subtypes of Valgus Knees: A Radiological Classification System
Authors: Yang Dejin , Zhou Yixin , Shao Hongyi , Deng Wang 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo analyze the deformity origins and distribution among valgus knees to individualize their morphological features.MethodsRadiographic images of 105 valgus knees were analyzed. Long‐film radiographs and computed tomography were collected for every knee. A malalignment test was performed on standing long‐film radiographs. The hip‐knee‐ankle angle (HKA), the anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA), and the anatomical medial proximal tibial angle (aMPTA) were measured on long‐film radiographs. The distal condylar angle and posterior condylar angle on distal femur were further measured on computed tomography scans. The tibial bone varus angle was measured on long‐film radiographs as well. All the valgus knees were sorted into different subtypes according to the origins of bony deformity, and the prevalence of each subtype was reported. Finally, to examine the inter‐observer reproducibility of this classification system, two observers measured the deformities and did the classification for all the 105 knees independently and then the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated.ResultsAmong the 105 knees, 48 knees (45.7%) had apparent deformity from the tibial plateau, and 62 knees (59.0%) had apparent deformity from the supracondylar region of the femur. Eighteen knees (17.1%) had distal condylar angle >7°, among which 11 knees had posterior condylar angle >3° simultaneously. Valgus knees had five subtypes of bone deformity origins—the supracondylar part of the femur, the distal aspect of the lateral femoral condyle, both distal and posterior aspects of the lateral femoral condyle, the tibial plateau, or the metaphyseal segment of the tibia. A valgus knee could be labeled as only one subtype, or a combination of two or more subtypes. Labeling 105 knees with origin of the most severe deformity, the prevalence of each subtype was 40.0%, 5.7%, 9.5%, 28.6%, and 16.2%, respectively. The intra‐observer and inter‐observer ICC of this classification system was 0.992 and 0.976, respectively.ConclusionsValgus knees can be classified into different subtypes according to deformity origins. This radiological classification system has satisfactory reproducibility. It helps surgeons better individualize morphological features of valgus knees.
A conserved clathrin‐coated vesicle component, OsSCYL2, regulates plant innate immunity in rice
Authors: Yao Yao , Zhou Jihua , Cheng Can , Niu Fuan , Zhang Anpeng , Sun Bin , Tu Rongjian , Wan Jianing , Li Yao , Huang Yiwen , Xie Kaizhen , Dai Yuting , Zhang Hui , Hong Jing Han , Pan Xiaohua , Zhu Jiaojiao , Zhou Hong , Liu Zhenhua , Cao Liming , Chu Huangwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClathrin‐mediated vesicle trafficking (CMVT) is a fundamental process in all eukaryotic species, and indispensable to organism's growth and development. Recently, it has been suggested that CMVT also plays important roles in the regulation of plant immunity. However, the molecular link between CMVT and plant immunity is largely unknown. SCY1‐LIKE2 (SCYL2) is evolutionally conserved among the eukaryote species. Loss‐of‐function of SCYL2 in Arabidopsis led to severe growth defects. Here, we show that mutation of OsSCYL2 in rice gave rise to a novel phenotype—hypersensitive response‐like (HR) cell death in a light‐dependent manner. Although mutants of OsSCYL2 showed additional defects in the photosynthetic system, they exhibited enhanced resistance to bacterial pathogens. Subcellular localisation showed that OsSCYL2 localized at Golgi, trans‐Golgi network and prevacuolar compartment. OsSCYL2 interacted with OsSPL28, subunit of a clathrin‐associated adaptor protein that is known to regulate HR‐like cell death in rice. We further showed that OsSCYL2–OsSPL28 interaction is mediated by OsCHC1. Collectively, we characterized a novel component of the CMVT pathway in the regulation of plant immunity. Our work also revealed unidentified new functions of the very conserved SCYL2. It thus may provide new breeding targets to achieve both high yield and enhanced resistance in crops.
A proteomic approach to understand the impact of nodulation on salinity stress response in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Authors: Wang Y. , Yang P. , Zhou Y. , Hu T. , Zhang P. , Wu Y. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes is an important source of nitrogen supply in sustainable agriculture. Salinity is a key abiotic stress that negatively affects host plant growth, rhizobium–legume symbiosis and nitrogen fixation. This work investigates how the symbiotic relationship impacts plant response to salinity stress.

We assayed the physiological changes and the proteome profile of alfalfa plants with active nodules (NA), inactive nodules (NI) or without nodules (NN) when plants were subjected to salinity stress.

Our data suggest that NA plants respond to salinity stress through some unique signalling regulations. NA plants showed upregulation of proteins related to cell wall remodelling and reactive oxygen species scavenging, and downregulation of proteins involved in protein synthesis and degradation. The data also show that NA plants, together with NI plants, upregulated proteins involved in photosynthesis, carbon fixation and respiration, anion transport and plant defence against pathogens.

The study suggests that the symbiotic relationship gave the host plant a better capacity to adjust key processes, probably to more efficiently use energy and resources, deal with oxidative stress, and maintain ion homeostasis and health during salinity stress.
Harnessing the power of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) for improving fruit quality traits
Authors: Tayal R. , Kumar V. , Irfan M. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTHydrogen sulphide (H2S) is a gaseous molecule and originates endogenously in plants. It is considered a potential signalling agent in various physiological processes of plants. Numerous reports have examined the role of H2S in fruit ripening and in enhancing fruit quality traits. H2S coordinates the fruit antioxidant system, fruit ripening phytohormones, such as ethylene and abscisic acid, together with other ripening‐related signalling molecules, including nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide. Although many studies have increased understanding of various aspects of this complex network, there is a gap in understanding crosstalk of H2S with key players of fruit ripening, postharvest senescence and fruit metabolism. This review focused on deciphering fruit H2S metabolism, signalling and its interaction with other ripening‐related signalling molecules during fruit ripening and postharvest storage. Moreover, we also discuss how H2S can be used as a tool for improving fruit quality and productivity and reducing postharvest loss of perishable fruits.
Impact of different pathogen reduction technologies on the biochemistry, function, and clinical effectiveness of platelet concentrates: An updated view during a pandemic
Authors: Escolar Gines , Diaz‐Ricart Maribel , McCullough Jeffrey 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStandard platelet concentrates (PCs) stored at 22°C have a limited shelf life of 5 days. Because of the storage temperature, bacterial contamination of PCs can result in life‐threatening infections in transfused patients. The potential of blood components to cause infections through contaminating pathogens or transmitting blood‐borne diseases has always been a concern. The current safety practice to prevent pathogen transmission through blood transfusion starts with a stringent screening of donors and regulated testing of blood samples to ensure that known infections cannot reach transfusion products. Pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs), initially implemented to ensure the safety of plasma products, have been adapted to treat platelet products. In addition to reducing bacterial contamination, PRT applied to PCs can extend their shelf life up to 7 days, alleviating the impact of their shortage, while providing an additional safety layer against emerging blood‐borne infectious diseases. While a deleterious action of PRTs in quantitative and qualitative aspects of plasma is accepted, the impact of PRTs on the quality, function, and clinical efficacy of PCs has been under constant examination. The potential of PRTs to prevent the possibility of new emerging diseases to reach cellular blood components has been considered more hypothetical than real. In 2019, a coronavirus‐related disease (COVID‐19) became a pandemic. This episode should help when reconsidering the possibility of future blood transmissible threats. The following text intends to evaluate the impact of different PRTs on the quality, function, and clinical effectiveness of platelets within the perspective of a developing pandemic.
Functional shifts in weed community composition following adoption of conservation agriculture
Authors: Derrouch Damien , Chauvel Bruno , Cordeau Stéphane , Dessaint Fabrice 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo better understand the changes in weed communities following the adoption of conservation agriculture (CA), we investigated the functional composition of weed communities in fields implementing CA continuously from 1 to 21 years. Weed surveys were conducted in 100 winter wheat fields of 53 farmers in the Bourgogne‐Franche‐Comté region, Eastern France. Ten response traits were selected to highlight changes in the functional composition of weed communities, using weighted mean value for quantitative traits and an approach based on composition analysis for qualitative traits. Out of the 10 traits, four were impacted by the time following the adoption of CA significantly, whereas two only showed trends. Specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, seed dispersal mode and soil seedbank longevity did not change over time following adoption of CA, whereas changes were observed for plant type, Raunkiær's life forms, Ellenberg's indicator value for light and, germination and flowering periods. Phanerophyte and geophyte life forms, summer‐germinating species and spring‐ and summer‐flowering species increased with time following adoption of CA. Shade‐tolerant species, not present in fields recently converted to CA, established later. Community‐weighted mean of seed mass and the percentage of graminoids tended to increase with time following adoption of CA. Some functional shifts in weed communities occurred quicker than others (i.e., summer‐germinating species increased after at least 10 years of continuous application of CA principles). These results can be used to inform farmers moving towards CA about expected changes.