bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Femoral Neck-shaft Angle on Plain X-rays and its Clinical Implications
Authors: Kumaran N. Adhishwar , Jagadeesh B. , Kumar Ashok , Niveditha K. P. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Femoral neck-shaft angle is an important parameter for evaluating the biomechanics of the hip joint. It plays a pivotal role in surgeries for developmental dysplasia of the hip, neuromuscular disorders of the lower limb, proximal femoral fractures, Total Hip Arthroplasty, Perthes disease etc., It is also considered to hold an extensive bearing while designing orthopaedic implants.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the femoral neck-shaft angle of proximal femur on plain radiographs of our local population
Study Design: Retrospective study
Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at Saveetha medical college hospital, a tertiary care institute in Chennai. 50 pelvic X-rays of patients aged between 30 to 70 who presented to the outpatient or emergency care department were used in the study. Using a goniometer the femoral neck shaft angle was measured in the plain X - ray.
Results: The mean age of the population in our study was 47.12. And the mean femoral neck shaft was 132.6 in males and 124.9 in females.
Analysis of Heart Diseases in Pregnancy
Authors: Ragavi Sharadha S. , Sirisha . , Parimala . 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Cardiac diseases complicate 1% of all pregnancies. It is one of the 3 major indirect causes of maternal mortality in India.
Methodology: This qualitative study was conducted at Saveetha medical college and hospital. Out of 1320 women who delivered between June 2020 to June 2021, 15 women had heart disease and they were included in the study. All the 15 women were asymptomatic.
Results: A total of 15 pregnant women were included in the study. There were no twin pregnancies. In total, 2 women presented with congenital heart disease and 13 women with acquired heart disease. Out of the 15 women, 4 delivered vaginally and the remaining 11 had undergone LSCS.
Discussion: During pregnancy, major changes occur in the cardiovascular system to meet the increasing metabolic needs of the mother and fetus. If these changes are not met with, it can lead to maternal and fetal morbidity. Failure to make normal adjustments can worsen an existing heart condition or early manifestations of a previously unknown condition, and therefore pregnancy is a natural stress test. The changes that occur during pregnancy and the physiology of pregnancy itself will enhance some pathological processes of the heart. Understanding these changes is important, and adjustments may vary from person to person.
Conclusion: A developing cardiovascular disorder should be detected as early as possible and also it should be a priority in pregnancy monitoring, and if a disorder is identified, the cardiologist team should be involved immediately. Many groups dedicated to managing heart problems during pregnancy, is recommended as it leads to better clinical outcomes.
Evaluation of Cognitive Functions and Emotional Disturbances in Elderly Patients using Smart Phone Mobiles
Authors: Mufeetha . , Sridevi G. , Preetha S. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Research shows that smartphones can lead to brain affects which slowly ability and start to store information remotely outside the brain brings mental laziness. When people are given smart- phones they reduce the memory storing. So, the present study planned to evaluate the Emotional disturbances and cognitive functions and language skills among android mobile non-users and users
Methods: A study population involved 20 adults in the age group of 50-70 years. They were divided into two groups. Group 1- Subjects who were not using any mobile phone but were using landline Group 2-Subjects on regular use of Smartphones. Battery cognitive tests were assessed using MINI mental state examination and the levels of orientation, memory, attention, language, abstraction and recall was analyzed. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed using an independent sample t test. The emotional status was assessed based on a cross-sectional study using a depression questionnaire performed among 100 elderly subjects in the age group of patients from private dental colleges. The data was collected and analyzed using SPSS software version 23.
Results: As the result of mobile phones as it causes diseases. Apart from cancer, mobile phones influence our brain and nervous system. They may cause decreased attention, sleep disorders, headache, shortness of temper, and depression, mostly among elders.
Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that Mobile phone usage causes more cognitive changes in middle aged and they must be educated with the harmful effects of more and frequent usage of mobile phones. And they should impact with their family and relatives
Psychological and Emotional Changes among Students Undergoing Different Teaching Strategies- A Survey
Authors: Mukka Srivaths , Sridevi G. , Preetha S. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Stress is a common and serious threat that affects different populations in various age groups. Students belonging to professional courses in medical and dental colleges are subjected to higher levels of stress.
Objective: The objective of the present study was to assess stress associated with different teaching strategies in students of various professional colleges and its influence on academic, social and health-related factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 students of medical, dental and engineering colleges from the urban area of Chennai city using a convenience sampling technique. A self-developed questionnaire consisting of 18 questions was used for the data collection to analyse the level, frequency, reason for stress, stress symptoms, type of education they undergo, stress relief methods followed. This questionnaire was circulated by Google forms and the responses were collected. Analysis was done using frequency analysis and chi-square test.
Results: Results revealed that the majority of participants about 57.7 % are undergoing regular education, 23% of students are undergoing express education and 18% of students are undergoing online education. About 70% of respondents stated that they feel stress. Majority of participant in the regular mode of education responded that they took antidepressant drugs (23%), music (16.5%) for the habit of fighting against stress and the association was found to be statistically significant.
Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that most of the students underwent regular education and were better at academic performance and stress pertaining to academics was dealt with habit of hearing music and intake of antidepressant drugs.
Sublethal exposure of eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica to the goniodomin-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium monilatum: Fate of toxins, histopathology, and gene expression
Authors: Gaillard Sylvain , Small Hamish J. , Carnegie Ryan B. , Harris Thomas M. , Tanniou Simon , Réveillon Damien , Hess Philipp , Reece Kimberly S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
The dinoflagellate Alexandrium monilatum forms blooms during summer in tributaries of the lower Chesapeake Bay. Questions persist about the potential for A. monilatum to negatively affect aquatic organisms. Its main toxin, goniodomin A (GDA), a polyketide macrolide, has been shown to have adverse effects on animals, for example through cytotoxicity and interaction with actin.

Methods
Eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica were exposed for 96 h to sublethal concentrations of A. monilatum (615 ± 47 cells/mL [average ± SD]; containing mainly intracellular GDA [215 ± 7.15 pg/cell] and to a lesser extent goniodomin B, goniodomin C, and GDA seco-acid as quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry) or to nontoxic phytoplankton or were unexposed. They were subsequently depurated for 96 h by exposure to nontoxic phytoplankton. Clearance rates were estimated, and oysters were sampled daily and tissue (gill, digestive gland, and remaining tissues) excised for analyses by histopathology, gene expression quantified by quantitative PCR, and goniodomin quantification.

Result
A positive clearance rate, no mortality, and no tissue pathologies were observed in oysters exposed to A. monilatum. Goniodomin A was detected in gill 6 h after exposure (504 ± 329 μg/kg [average ± SE]) and to a lesser extent in the digestive gland and remaining soft tissues. In the digestive gland, a trend of transformation of GDA to GDA seco-acid was observed. The majority of toxins (≥83%) were depurated after 96 h. Expression of genes involved in oxidative response increased 14-fold after 6 h, and those involved in actin synthesis showed a 27-fold change after 24 h, while expression of apoptosis genes increased 6.9-fold after 96 h compared with the control (eastern oysters exposed to nontoxic phytoplankton).

Conclusion
Exposure experiments (nonsublethal or chronic) should be carried out to better assess the threat of this species and toxins for eastern oysters and other marine organisms.
Wide Temperature Sieving of n‐Butene and iso‐Butene by a Zinc‐Based Coordination Network with Record Separation
Authors: Li Yi‐Tao , Li Weilin , Zhang Li‐Ping , Ni Shuang , Jiang Yu , Li Xingxing , Yang Qing‐Yuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSeparating n‐butene and iso‐butene through adsorption represents a viable and energy‐efficient strategy. However, developing porous adsorbents that can effectively discern the subtle differences between these isomers remains a significant challenge. This study demonstrates that a zinc‐based coordination network (CALF‐20) exhibits a slight pore expansion with increasing temperature, creating nanochannels that preferentially adsorb n‐butene over iso‐butene. This unique temperature‐dependent dynamic behavior enables effective sieving of n‐butene from iso‐butene within the temperature range of 273 to 423 K, a phenomenon not previously observed. Notably, CALF‐20 exhibits the highest n‐butene adsorption capacity (2.62 mmol g−1) and the highest selectivity ratio (14.7) among sieving materials reported to date for n‐butene isomers. Modeling calculations show that dynamic factors play a significant role in achieving such high adsorption separation capabilities. At medium temperatures, the initial separation of n‐butene and iso‐butene is achievable, which may provide a foundation for the future design of adsorbents intended to achieve efficient separation of n‐butene/iso‐butene under comparable temperature conditions. In the future, the intricate structure dynamics and enhanced capacity for molecular recognition will offer a new pathway for developing advanced sieving materials.
Advanced Morphological Control of Polymeric Surfaces Using Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD)
Authors: Park Kwang‐Won , Gleason Karen K. , Yang Rong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInitiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD) is a versatile and powerful technique for controlling the morphology of polymeric and hybrid thin films, with applications spanning from electronics to biomedical devices. This review highlights recent advancements in iCVD technology that enable precise morphological control from creating ultrasmooth films to self‐assembled nanostructures. Advances in reactor design now allow for in situ monitoring of key parameters, such as film thickness and surface imaging, providing real‐time insights into material morphology. Surface morphology is influenced by both the substrate and coating layer. For the former, iCVD offers significant advantages in creating defect‐free, conformal coatings over complex substrates, making it particularly well‐suited for flexible electronics, optical devices, and antifouling/antimicrobial biointerfaces. For the latter, iCVD has been leveraged for the fabrication of microstructured coatings that improve energy storage, gas sensing, and pathogen detection, superhydrophobic or anti‐icing surfaces. Its all‐dry processing and compatibility with temperature‐sensitive substrates further emphasize its potential for sustainable manufacturing. The ability to fine‐tune film chemistry and morphology, combined with the scalability, positions iCVD as a promising tool for addressing future technological challenges in advanced materials design.
Tailoring Acid‐Salt Hybrid Electrolyte Structure for Stable Proton Storage at Ultralow Temperature
Authors: Cui Zhaodi , Xu Tiezhu , Yao Tengyu , Mao Guihong , He Xiaoxi , Liu Qingsheng , Shen Laifa , Yu Yan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe critical challenges in developing ultralow‐temperature proton‐based energy storage systems are enhancing the diffusion kinetics of charge carriers and inhibiting water‐triggered interfacial side reactions between electrolytes and electrodes. Here an acid‐salt hybrid electrolyte with a stable anion−cation−H2O solvation structure that realizes unconventional proton transport at ultralow temperature is shown, which is crucial for electrodes and devices to achieve high rate‐capacity and stable interface compatibility with electrodes. Through multiscale simulations and experimental investigations in the electrolyte employing ZnCl2 introduced into 0.2 M H2SO4 solution, it is discovered that unique anion−cation−H2O solvation structure endows the electrolyte with low‐temperature‐adaptive feature and favorable water network channels for rapid proton transport. In situ XRD and multiple spectroscopic techniques further reveal that the stable 3D network structure inhibits free water‐triggered deleterious electrode structure distortion by immobilizing free water molecules to achieve outstanding cycling stability. Hence, VHCF//α‐MoO3 hybrid proton capacitors deliver an unexpected capacity of 39.8 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 1 A g−1 (−80 °C) and steady power supply under ultralow temperatures (96% capacity retention after 1500 cycles at −80 °C). The anti‐freezing hybrid electrolyte design provides an effective strategy to improve the application of energy storage devices in ultralow temperatures.
Ethylenediamine Assisted Synthesis of o‐Phenylenediamine‐Based Red Emissive Carbon Quantum Dots: A Strategy to Improve the Fluorescence Quantum Yield
Authors: Dong Xipeng , Li Wanqing , Chen Xue , Zhuo Er , Zhai Zizhuo , Qi Hongxia , Kang Yu , Zhang Pudun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractO‐phenylenediamine (OPD) is commonly used as a precursor in the preparation of red emissive carbon quantum dots (R‐CQDs) due to the sp2 hybridized structure. However, the low fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of the OPD‐based R‐CQDs limits its application. Although some efforts have been made, the improvement of QY is still limited. In this paper, a strategy is proposed to improve the QY of OPD‐based R‐CQDs by introducing ethylenediamine (EDA), which plays a key role as a nitrogen (N) dopant due to its high N content. The molar ratio of OPD to EDA (MOPD/MEDA), the reaction time (t) and temperature (T), and the amount of concentrated H2SO4 (VH2SO4), are optimized. The R‐CQDs with QY as high as 32.65% and full width at half maximum (FWHM) emission as narrow as 25 nm are obtained via a hydrothermal procedure under the optimal experimental conditions (i.e., MOPD/MEDA = 1/3, t = 6 h, T = 180 °C and VH2SO4 = 4 mL). Such a QY is higher than most of the reported OPD‐based R‐CQDs. Besides, it is found that concentrated H2SO4 acts as the catalyst in addition to protonation. The enhancement of QY is attributed to the increase of the aromatic N‐containing heterocyclic structures (C═N) after the introduction of EDA and catalysis by H2SO4.
Strategic Design of A1–π–A2‐Type Polymer Acceptors for Highly Sensitive Near‐Infrared All‐Polymer Photodetectors
Authors: Lee Seok Woo , Seo Gyeong Uk , Son Ji Yeon , Prayogo Juan Anthony , Whang Dong Ryeol , Lee Ah Young , Kim Jae‐Hyun , Seo Mingi , Lee Dong Hyun , Heo Junseok , Park Sungjun , Kim Jong H. , Chang Dong Wook 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNear infrared (NIR) photodetectors (PDs) attain a great attention for their advanced optoelectornic applications such as high‐resolusion biomedical sensors. In particular, all‐polymer PDs composed of electron‐donating and electron‐accepting polymers in their active layer offer the advantage of various donor and acceptor combinations for easily tunable absorption spectra and electronic properties, along with superior mechanical durability and stability. In this study, two A1–π–A2‐type polymer acceptors are developed for efficient NIR light detection at 860 nm. The electron‐accepting diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and dicyano‐substituted quinoxaline (Qx) units are linked through a dithiophene π‐bridge to generate the first polymer acceptor PD‐T‐Qx2CN. Subsequently, fluorine atoms are introduced at the para‐positions of the benzene rings at the 2,3‐positions of the Qx moiety, yielding the second acceptor, PD‐T‐FQx2CN. Notably, both polymer acceptors formed efficient bulk heterojunction networks with poly‐ polymer donor (3‐hexylthiophene (P3HT)). The P3HT:PD‐T‐FQx2CN‐based NIR PDs, owing to the affirmative contributions of the F substituent along the backbone, exhibited superior specific detectivities compared to the P3HT:PD‐T‐Qx2CN‐based PDs. The P3HT:PD‐T‐FQx2CN‐based NIR PDs exhibited excellent photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor properties. This research provides valuable insights into the structural‐property relationships of A1–π–A2‐type polymeric acceptors, aiding in the development of high‐performance all‐polymer NIR PDs.
Recent Advances in Solar‐Driven Photothermal Conversion Hydrogels: A Review
Authors: Yang Juhui , Lv Shenghua , Zuo Jingjing , Wang Jialin , Wei Dequan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSolar energy is an inexhaustible clean energy. Owing to the shortage of fossil fuels and the development of science and technology, increasing attention is being paid to the use of solar energy. Photothermal conversion (PC) materials are crucial for effectively acquiring and converting solar energy. At present, various PC materials have shown considerable potential, particularly PC hydrogels, a new type of PC material that has been increasingly studied by researchers in recent years. In this study, the characteristics, preparation methods, and PC efficiencies and mechanisms of PC hydrogel materials are reviewed. The main features of photothermal materials such as precious metals, semiconductors, carbon‐based materials, and polymer materials are also comprehensively analyzed. In addition, the applications and research progress of PC hydrogels in the fields of seawater evaporation, wastewater purification, organic compound degradation, photocatalytic hydrogen production, and carbon dioxide conversion are examined. Finally, the development prospects and challenges associated with PC hydrogels are evaluated. This study is expected to have a positive significance for the development of new PC hydrogels for the efficient utilization of solar energy.
Non‐Invasive Diagnosis of Moyamoya Disease Using Serum Metabolic Fingerprints and Machine Learning
Authors: Weng Ruiyuan , Xu Yudian , Gao Xinjie , Cao Linlin , Su Jiabin , Yang Heng , Li He , Ding Chenhuan , Pu Jun , Zhang Meng , Hao Jiheng , Xu Wei , Ni Wei , Qian Kun , Gu Yuxiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMoyamoya disease (MMD) is a progressive cerebrovascular disorder that increases the risk of intracranial ischemia and hemorrhage. Timely diagnosis and intervention can significantly reduce the risk of new‐onset stroke in patients with MMD. However, the current diagnostic methods are invasive and expensive, and non‐invasive diagnosis using biomarkers of MMD is rarely reported. To address this issue, nanoparticle‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS) was employed to record serum metabolic fingerprints (SMFs) with the aim of establishing a non‐invasive diagnosis method for MMD. Subsequently, a diagnostic model was developed based on deep learning algorithms, which exhibited high accuracy in differentiating the MMD group from the HC group (AUC = 0.958, 95% CI of 0.911 to 1.000). Additionally, hierarchical clustering analysis revealed a significant association between SMFs across different groups and vascular cognitive impairment in MMD. This approach holds promise as a novel and intuitive diagnostic method for MMD. Furthermore, the study may have broader implications for the diagnosis of other neurological disorders.
Mild Hyperthermia Accelerates Bone Repair by Dynamically Regulating iNOS/Arg1 Balance in the Early Stage
Authors: Zhao Jinhui , Luo Yiping , Zhang Lei , Chen Yunfeng , Chen Yixing , Wu Xinhui , Aierken Aihemaitijiang , Duolikun Dilixiati , Wang Tianlong , Zhou Zifei , Liu Zhiqing , Zheng Longpo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMild hyperthermia therapy has garnered interest as an adjunctive treatment for bone repair. However, its optimal timing, duration, and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, how mild hyperthermia supports bone repair during the early stages is assesed. These findings reveal that mild hyperthermia accelerates bone regeneration by dynamically regulating inducible nitric oxide synthase/arginase 1 (iNOS/Arg1) balance. This process involves macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype through iNOS activation, followed by a rapid transition to the M2 phenotype through Arg1 activation after 3 days of sustained mild hyperthermia. RNA‐Seq reveals that a single day of mild hyperthermia induced immune alterations aligned with the early inflammatory phase of bone repair, characterized by osteoclast activation, cell recruitment, and neovascularization, thereby preparing for the transition to the repair phase. Experiments involving subcutaneous abscesses, subcutaneous embedding, and critical cranial bone defects further confirm that early mild hyperthermia treatment dynamically regulates macrophage phenotypes. This regulation enhances early antibacterial activity, promotes angiogenesis, and facilitates the transition from inflammation to repair, ultimately accelerating bone‐defect repair. This study is the first to elucidate the dual temporal effects of early mild hyperthermia on immune regulation, offering insights into the optimal timing and duration of photothermal therapy following bone repair surgery.
Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cell Accumulation Drives Intestinal Fibrosis through mCCL6/hCCL15 Chemokine‐Mediated Fibroblast Activation
Authors: Cheng Xiaohui , Shao Pingwen , Wang XinTong , Jiang Juan , Chen Jiahui , Zhu Jie , Zhu Weiming , Li Yi , Zhang Junfeng , Chen Jiangning , Huang Zhen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntestinal fibrosis, a severe complication of Crohn's disease (CD), is linked to chronic inflammation, but the precise mechanism by which immune‐driven intestinal inflammation leads to fibrosis development is not fully understood. This study investigates the role of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in intestinal fibrosis in CD patients and a 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)‐induced mouse model. Elevated MDSCs are observed in inflamed intestinal tissues prior to fibrosis and their sustained presence in fibrotic tissues of both CD patients and murine models. Depletion of MDSCs significantly reduces fibrosis, highlighting their key role in the fibrotic process. Mechanistically, MDSC‐derived mCCL6 activates fibroblasts via the CCR1‐MAPK signaling, and interventions targeting this axis, including neutralizing antibodies, a CCR1 antagonist, or fibroblast‐specific Ccr1 knockout mice reduce fibrosis. In CD patients with stenosis, human CCL15, analogous to mCCL6, is found to be elevated in MDSCs and activated fibroblasts. Additionally, CXCR2 and CCR2 ligands are identified as key mediators of MDSC recruitment in intestinal fibrosis. Blocking MDSC recruitment with CXCR2 and CCR2 antagonists alleviates intestinal fibrosis. These findings suggest that strategies targeting MDSC recruitment and mCCL6/hCCL15 signaling could offer therapeutic benefits for intestinal fibrosis.