bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human monocyte-derived type 1 and 2 macrophages recognize Ara h 1, a major peanut allergen, by different mechanisms
Authors: Krause Maren , Crauwels Peter , Blanco-Pérez Frank , Globisch Martin , Wangorsch Andrea , Henle Thomas , Lidholm Jonas , van Zandbergen Ger , Vieths Stefan , Scheurer Stephan , Toda Masako 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEvidence has suggested that major peanut allergen Ara h 1 activates dendritic cells (DCs) via interaction with DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin), a C-type lectin receptor, and contributes to development of peanut allergy. Since macrophages, as well as DCs, play a crucial role in innate immunity, we investigated whether natural Ara h 1 (nAra h 1) activates two different subsets of macrophages, human monocyte derived macrophage type 1 (hMDM1: pro-inflammatory model) and type 2 (hMDM2: anti-inflammatory model). hMDM1 and hMDM2 predominantly produced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in response to nAra h 1, respectively. hMDM2 took up nAra h 1 and expressed DC-SIGN at higher levels than hMDM1. However, small interfering RNA knockdown of DC-SIGN did not suppress nAra h 1 uptake and nAra h 1-mediated cytokine production in hMDM2. Inhibitors of scavenger receptor class A type I (SR-AI) suppressed the response of hMDM2, but not of hMDM1, suggesting that SR-AI is a major receptor in hMDM2 for nAra h 1 recognition and internalization. nAra h 1 appears to exert stimulatory capacity on DC and macrophages via different receptors. This study advances our understanding how a major peanut allergen interacts with innate immunity.
The force effects of two types of polyethylene terephthalate glyc-olmodified clear aligners immersed in artificial saliva
Authors: Xiang Biao , Wang Xingxing , Wu Gang , Xu Yichen , Wang Menghan , Yang Yanjing , Wang Qingyu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNumerous factors can influence the force exerted by clear aligners on teeth. This study aimed to investigate the stability of the force delivered by two different material appliances. 90 clear aligners with 2 materials and three different activations were designed and fabricated. Then, a device was employed to measure the force generated by the two types of PET-G material appliances immersed in artificial saliva for 0, 3, 7, 10, 14 days. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to observe the morphologic alterations on the aligner surfaces, respectively. The forces generated by different activation appliance exhibited differently, 0.0 mm < 0.1 mm < 0.2 mm. In addition, increasing the immersion times and the orthodontic force also decreased, but the forces decreased differently. Compared with the forces of conventional PETG appliances with 0.20 mm activation, the modified PETG appliances with the same activation exhibited significantly higher mean force. When comparing the mean force for modified PETG appliances after 10 and 14 days with conventional PETG appliances, the delivery forces exhibited significant differences (P < 0.05). The force delivered by both materials decreased obviously following artificial saliva immersion, and the force generated by modified aligners exhibited better stability than conventional aligners.
A finger-jointing model for describing ultrastructures of cellulose microfibrils
Authors: Fugetsu Bunshi , Adavan Kiliyankil Vipin , Takiguchi Shoichi , Sakata Ichiro , Endo Morinobu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a finger-jointing model to describe the possible ultrastructures of cellulose microfibrils based on new observations obtained through heating of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) in saturated water vapor. We heated the micrometers-long TEMPO-CNFs in saturated water vapor (≥ 120 °C, ≥ 0.2 MPa) and observed a surprising fact that the long TEMPO-CNFs unzipped into short (100 s of nanometers long) fibers. We characterized the heated TEMPO-CNFs using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and observed the XRD patterns were in consistent with Iβ. We observed also jointed ultrastructures on the heated TEMPO-CNFs via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Thus we concluded that cellulose microfibrils are not seamlessly long structures, but serial jointed structures of shorter blocks. Polysaccharide chains of the short blocks organized in Iβ. The jointed region can be either Iα or amorphous, depending on positions and distances among the chains jointed in proximity. Under heating, Iα was not converted into Iβ but was simply destroyed. The jointed structure implies a “working and resting rhythm” in the biosynthesis of cellulose.
Modelling Singapore COVID-19 pandemic with a SEIR multiplex network model
Authors: Chung N. N. , Chew L. Y. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we have implemented a large-scale agent-based model to study the outbreak of coronavirus infectious diseases (COVID-19) in Singapore, taking into account complex human interaction pattern. In particular, the concept of multiplex network is utilized to differentiate between social interactions that happen in households and workplaces. In addition, weak interactions among crowds, transient interactions within social gatherings, and dense human contact between foreign workers in dormitories are also taken into consideration. Such a categorization in terms of a multiplex of social network connections together with the Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) epidemic model have enabled a more precise study of the feasibility and efficacy of control measures such as social distancing, work from home, and lockdown, at different moments and stages of the pandemics. Using this model, we study an epidemic outbreak that occurs within densely populated residential areas in Singapore. Our simulations show that residents in densely populated areas could be infected easily, even though they constitute a very small fraction of the whole population. Once infection begins in these areas, disease spreading is uncontrollable if appropriate control measures are not implemented.
Groundwater extraction-induced seismicity around Delhi region, India
Authors: Tiwari Deepak K. , Jha Birendra , Kundu Bhaskar , Gahalaut Vineet K. , Vissa Naresh K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe non-tectonic deformation, either of natural or anthropogenic origin, may influence the earthquake occurrence process and seismicity rate along the plate-boundary or ‘stable’ plate-interiors domains. The low magnitude but moderate seismicity rate of Delhi region on the stable plate-interiors domains of India, exhibits significant variation both in short-term at annual seasonal scale and in long-term at decadal scale. It correlates with the anthropogenic groundwater pumping for the extensive irrigation, urban activities, and seasonally controlled hydrological loading cycle of Indo-Ganga Basin hosted freshwater aquifers. Our coupled hydro-mechanical simulation and poro-mechanical analysis of basement fault stability suggest that the combined aquifer contraction and basement rock expansion act together to modulate the effective stress regime and anthropogenic seismicity on the basement faults in Delhi region.
EEG theta responses induced by emoji semantic violations
Authors: Tang Mengmeng , Zhao Xiufeng , Chen Bingfei , Zhao Lun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study investigated emoji semantic processing by measuring changes in event-related electroencephalogram (EEG) power. The last segment of experimental sentences was designed as either words or emojis consistent or inconsistent with the sentential context. The results showed that incongruent emojis led to a conspicuous increase of theta power (4–7 Hz), while incongruent words induced a decrease. Furthermore, the theta power increase was observed at midfrontal, occipital and bilateral temporal lobes with emojis. This suggests a higher working memory load for monitoring errors, difficulty of form recognition and concept retrieval in emoji semantic processing. It implies different neuro-cognitive processes involved in the semantic processing of emojis and words.
Eine Allergie kommt selten allein – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Stricker Silke 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung von Hunden mit Allergien und Unverträglichkeiten auf gleich mehreren Ebenen kann in der Praxis eine echte Herausforderung sein. Es hat sich für die Autorin bewährt, die Wurzel des Geschehens zu betrachten und zu behandeln: den Zustand der Darmschleimhaut und deren veränderte Permeabilität. Ein Leaky-Gut-Syndrom kann viele, oft unklare Ursachen haben. Komplexe Krankheitsgeschehen brauchen demzufolge eine einfache, ja puristisch anmutende Behandlung.Es sind die vielen synergistischen Effekte der Huminsäuren WH 67®, die in dem hier besprochenen Fallbeispiel – einfach ausgedrückt – dem Darm halfen, sich selbst zu helfen. Darüber hinaus waren 2 homöopathische Arzneien ausreichend, welche – zusammen mit einer hervorragenden Besitzer-Compliance – ihre heilende Wirkung entfalten konnten.
5-HTTLPR-rs25531 and Antidepressant Treatment Outcomes in
Korean Patients with Major Depression
Authors: Jang Yoo Jin , Lim Shinn-Won , Moon Young Kyung , Kim Su Yeon , Lee Hong , Kim Seonwoo , Kim Doh Kwan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction Despite the ethnic differences in 5-HTTLPR (S
allele relates to better antidepressant response in Korean and Japanese people,
while L allele with better response in Caucasians), it is unclear whether
5-HTTLPR and its high expression locus rs25531 are
interactively associated with antidepressant treatment outcome. We investigated
the individual and interaction effects of these polymorphisms on antidepressant
treatment outcomes in the Korean population.
Methods A total of 464 Korean subjects with major depressive disorder
completed 6 weeks of antidepressant monotherapy. Venous blood was extracted for
genotyping 5-HTTLPR and rs25531 by polymerase chain reaction and
DNA sequencing. We used logistic regression analyses to verify the main and
interaction effects of 5-HTTLPR and rs25531 on response and
remission after antidepressant treatment.
Results After adjusting for covariates, the SS genotype of
5-HTTLPR was significantly associated with better treatment outcomes
(p<0.001, odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval
(CI)]=2.435 [1.551, 3.823] in response; p<0.001, OR [95%
CI]=2.912 [1.730, 4.903] in remission), while G-containing genotype
(AG+GG) of rs25531 was only associated with remission
(p=0.034, OR [95% CI]=2.104 [1.058, 4.181]). The
interaction effect of 5-HTTLPR and rs25531 on response and
remission was insignificant (all p>0.05).
Discussion Our findings suggest variations in allelic frequency and
functionality of 5-HTTLPR and rs25531 among the different
ethnicities. We found a minor advantage of rs25531 in achieving
remission. However, there was no interaction effect with 5-HTTLPR.
Os Odontoideum: A Single-Center Experience with Controversies in Management and Evolution of Treatment Strategies
Authors: Yerramneni Vamsi Krishna , Sharma Neeraj 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOs odontoideum is an independent ossicle of variable size and shape separated from the body of C2. There are various theories on the etiology. Different hypothesis on etiology include traumatic and congenital. Because of the laxity of the ligaments associated with the anomalous odontoid, there can be associated instability at the craniovertebral junction. The authors presented their experience of treating these anomalies, their clinical presentations, evolution of the treatment strategies over years, and a brief review of literature on etiopathogenesis.
Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of Rathke Cleft Cyst with Xanthogranulomatous Change: Two-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Zhang Michael , Mahavadi Anil K. , Deftos Michael L. , Ali Arshad , Singh Harminder 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective Sellar xanthogranulomas (XGAs) are a rare pathological subtype of hypophysitis reflecting a degenerative process of Rathke's cleft cyst with predilection in young adults. While the histological features have been described, there is limited discussion on the technical expectations in surgical management. We present the clinical, radiographic, and surgical features of the third literature-reported XGA in the pediatric population.
Setting The patient was a 17-year-old boy who first identified by ophthalmologically confirmed peripheral vision loss. Subsequent endocrine workup identified delayed-onset puberty and hypopituitarism. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a nonenhancing 2.6-cm T1 and T2 sellar-based hyperintense mass with suprasellar extension and mass effect on the optic chiasm. A small T1 hypointense encased nodule was also seen (Fig. 1). Consent for resection was obtained.
Results Intraoperatively the tumor was firm and adherent, requiring piecemeal removal. Radiofrequency ablation enabled ergonomic debulking and minimize thermal injury (Fig. 2).1 We used initial settings of 25 W, equivalent to 55 W. A cystic component with motor oil–like fluid was encountered and decompressed. The tumor was notably very adherent to the optic nerve and infiltrated the stalk, requiring its truncation. Closure was achieved by fat graft dead space plugging, fascia lata underlay, Medpor gasket seal, and nasoseptal flap.
Conclusion Pathology confirmed dense fibrous tissue with features of chronic inflammation, cholesterol clefts, hemosiderin pigment, multinucleate giant cells, and foamy macrophages. Additional cyst wall sampling identified squamous and ciliated epithelial lining, collectively consistent with Rathke's cleft cyst and xanthogranulomatous reaction. These lesions can undergo surgical cure with resection, most commonly by transsphenoidal approach.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/S2n5iQ3aFgc.
Effect of anion identity on ion association and dynamics of sodium ions in non-aqueous glyme based electrolytes—OTf vs TFSI
Authors: Li Ke , Subasinghege Don Visal , Gupta Chris S. , David Rolf , Kumar Revati 
Published: May 2021

Sodium-based rechargeable battery technologies are being pursued as an alternative to lithium, in part due to the relative abundance of sodium compared to lithium. Despite their low dielectric constant, glyme-based electrolytes are particularly attractive for these sodium-based batteries due to their ability to chelate with the sodium ion and their high electrochemical stability. While the glyme chain length is a parameter that can be tuned to modify solvation properties, charge transport behavior, reactivity, and ultimately battery performance, anion identity provides another tunable variable. Trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate/OTf) and bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide (TFSI) are chemically similar anions, which are often used in battery electrolytes for lithium-based batteries. In this paper, molecular simulations are used to examine the differences in ion association and charge transport between sodium salts of these two anions at different salt concentrations in glymes with the increasing chain length. The use of the modified force field developed for NaOTf in glymes for the NaTFSI electrolytes was validated by comparing the TFSI–sodium ion radial distribution functions to the results from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations on 1.5 M NaTFSI in diglyme. While the ion association behavior as a function of salt concentration showed similar trends for both NaOTf and NaTFSI in tetraglyme and triglyme electrolytes, the dominant solvation structures for the two sets of electrolytes are distinctly different in the monoglyme and diglyme cases. The conductivity is impacted by both the ion association behavior in these electrolytes and the non-vehicular or hopping transport of the anions in these systems.
The maximum tree of a random forest in the configuration graph
Authors: Pavlov Yu. L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Galton-Watson random forests with a given number of root trees and a known number of nonroot vertices are investigated. The distribution of the number of direct offspring of each particle in the forest- generating process is assumed to have infinite variance. Branching processes of this kind are used successfully to study configuration graphs aimed at simulating the structure and development dynamics of complex communication networks, in particular the internet. The known relationship between configuration graphs and random forests reflects the local tree structure of simulated networks. Limit theorems are proved for the maximum size of a tree in a random forest in all basic zones where the number of trees and the number of vertices tend to infinity.
Bibliography: 14 titles.
Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

As an annual weed, D. ciliaris depends on seed production for its spread. There is some post-harvest dormancy which may last several months. Germination then occurs at temperatures above 20°C and is perhaps greatest under fluctuating temperatures of 20 and 35°C (Holm et al., 1977). Most germination occurs at or close to the soil surface (Osa et al., 1988), but some may occur from 5 cm depth (Takabayashi and Nakayama, 1979). Seeds can survive passage through cattle and thus contaminate farmyard manure (Takabayashi et al., 1979).
Climate-related changes in seasonal habitat pattern of
Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis
in the South China Sea
Authors: Fan Jiangtao , Chen Zuozhi , Feng Xue , Yu Wei 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

A habitat suitability index model (HSI) was established to examine seasonal habitat pattern of
Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis
in the South China Sea and assessed the impacts of the El Niño event on habitat variations based on sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a (Chla) and sea surface height (SSH). Environmental conditions and habitat patterns showed significant seasonal and spatial variations. Spatial pattern of favorable environmental conditions played important roles in regulating the ranges and longitudinal and latitudinal distributions of suitable habitats (areas with HSI≥0.6) of
S. oualaniensis
across seasons. Significant positive correlation was found between SST and HSI, whereas negative relationship was revealed between HSI and Chla as well as SSH by correlation analysis. Comparing to normal climate condition in spring 2014, the El Niño events in spring 2015 and 2016 yielded lower SST and higher Chla and SSH, which were unfavorable for the formation of high-quality habitats. Favorable ranges of environmental conditions showed decreasing trend from spring 2014 to 2016. Consequently, the suitable habitats in spring 2015 and 2016 largely contracted and became discontinuity. Our findings indicated that seasonal habitat patterns of
S. oualaniensis
in the South China Sea were strongly affected by the El Niño events and local environmental conditions.
Dynamic seasonal analysis on LST-NDVI relationship and ecological health of Raipur City, India
Authors: Guha Subhanil 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Land surface temperature (LST) is a significant component of the ecological health of any city and the LST is closely related to the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The present study evaluates the seasonal variability of the relationship of LST with NDVI by using a large dataset of Landsat sensors for different seasons from 1991–92 to 2018–19. Pearson’s correlation coefficient technique was used to obtain the LST-NDVI relationship. The study also compares the ecological and thermal status of the city by applying the urban thermal field variance index (UTFVI). The results found that the mean LST increased considerably. The post-monsoon season produces the best correlation (−0.59), followed by the monsoon season (−0.53), pre-monsoon season (−0.45), and winter season (−0.22). Apart from this relationship, the ecological status of the city has also been estimated. Almost an equal portion of lands are under the excellent and worst categories of ecological condition. This study is beneficial for future ecological planning in any tropical city.
Enhanced sophorolipid production and effective conversion of waste frying oil using dual lipophilic substrates
Authors: Hirata Yoshihiko , Igarashi Keisuke , Ueda Akiko , Quan Glen Lelyn 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
A highly efficient sophorolipid (SL) fermentation process using dual lipophilic substrates (DLS) was developed. Using DLS consisting of palm oil and oleic acid in the flask fermentation with SL-producing yeast Starmerella bombicola, the productivity and yield of SL improved 2.4 and 1.7 times, in comparison to when using palm olein alone. In the jar fermentation process with DLS, the SL productivity and yield of 127 g/L and 62.4% were achieved in 7 days, with the complete consumption of residual lipophilic substrates in the culture medium. This process was successfully applied to the effective conversion of waste frying oil to SL, maintaining a high SL productivity and yield of 142.8 g/L and 72% in 9 days. It is concluded that the newly developed fermentation process with DLS can be useful for the industrial production of SL from renewable biological sources, especially waste frying oils.
Central Nervous System Processing of Floral Odor and Mother’s Milk Odor in Infants
Authors: Gellrich Janine , Breuer Anna Sophie , Han Pengfei , Güdücü Cagdas , Hummel Thomas , Schriever Valentin A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNewborns have a functioning sense of smell at birth, which appears to be highly significant for feeding and bonding. Still, little is known about the cerebral odor processing in this age group. Studies of olfactory function relied mostly on behavioral, autonomic, and facial responses of infants. The aim of the present study was to investigate central odor processing in infants focusing on electroencephalography (EEG)-derived responses to biologically significant odors, namely a food and a non-food odor. A total of 21 term-born, healthy infants participated (11 boys and 10 girls; age range 2–9 months, mean 5.3 ± 2.2 months). Odor stimuli were presented using a computer-controlled olfactometer. Breast milk was used as food odor. Farnesol was presented as a non-food odor. In addition, odorless air was used as a control stimulus. Each stimulus was presented 30 times for 1 s with an interstimulus interval of 20 s. EEG was recorded from 9 electrodes and analyzed in the frequency domain. EEG amplitudes in the delta frequency band differed significantly after presentation of food (breast milk) odor in comparison to the control condition and the non-food odor (farnesol). These changes were observed at the frontal recording positions. The present study indicates that central odor processing differs between a food and a non-food odor in infants. Results are interpreted in terms of focused attention towards a physiologically relevant odor (breast milk), suggesting that olfactory stimuli are of specific significance in this age group.
The Effect of Trade on Workers and Voters
Authors: Dippel Christian , Gold Robert , Heblich Stephan , Pinto Rodrigo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We investigate economic causes of the rising support of populist parties in industrialised countries. Looking at Germany, we find that exposure to imports from low-wage countries increases the support for nationalist parties between 1987–2009, while increasing exports have the opposite effect. The net effect translates into increasing support of the right-populist Alternative for Germany party after its emergence in 2013. Individual data from the German Socio-Economic Panel reveal that low-skilled manufacturing workers’ political preferences are most responsive to trade exposure. Using a novel approach to causal mediation analysis, we identify trade-induced labour market adjustments as an economic mechanism causing the voting response to international trade.