bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dynamic of Heterosexual Transmission of HIV-AIDS Model with Treatment
Authors: Bashiru Kehinde Adekunle 
Published: July 2021

A Mathematical Model of HIV/AIDS with Heterosexual transmission in the presence of treatment was examine in this paper, it ascertained the impact of treated individuals on the transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS. Equilibrium points of the model system were found, stability analysis and numerical simulation were carried out, it was discovered that HIV/AIDS can die out with test of time as Ro < 1 . It was observed that the model had a disease free equilibrium which was asymptotically stable for Ro < 1 and unstable for Ro > 1. Graphical representations of the numerical analysis showing the effect of treatment on the model were also presented.
Nursing student community engagement barriers, facilitators and satisfaction: Perceptions of community champions
Authors: Chen Evangeline , Kim Naun , Webster Emily , Bocage Claire , Lipman Terri H. 
Published: July 2021

Nursing students could benefit professionally by participating in community engagement, but barriers to student involvement in community engagement exist. Community Champions, a nursing student-led, faculty-mentored service-learning group, promotes local outreach and engagement with a variety of community initiatives for nursing students. The purpose of this study was to examine former and current Community Champions perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to participating in community engagement initiatives, as well as their satisfaction with the community engagement initiatives. The study used a 14-item survey, consisting of both Likert-scale items and open-ended questions. Of the 130 Community Champions invited to complete the survey, 40 Community Champions responded (30.8% response rate). Quantitative responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative responses were reviewed for themes to generate future recommendations for program improvement. Respondents rated Community Champions highly and reported personal and professional benefits to community engagement. Reasons for program satisfaction were synthesized into “opportunities for interactions with diverse community members”, “stress relief”, and “professional development”; reasons for program dissatisfaction were summarized as “disorganization of community sites”, “competing academic priorities”, and “lack of information”. Academic student programs that engage the community can positively impact both the community partners and university students.
Peri-neural Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): A Clinico-pathological Marker of OSCC Prognosis and Risk Assessment
Authors: Singh Priyankar , Imam Zeenat S. , Singh Sidhharth , Sinha Setu , Singh Varsha , Sharma A. K. 
Published: July 2021

Aims And Objectives: To assess the incidence of Peri-Neural invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and to notify its significance as potent risk factor in OSCC recurrence and metastasis.
Study Design and Place of Study: A retrospective in vitro study was conducted at Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, after approval of ethical committee
Material and Methods: Clinical, histopathological and follow-up details of 86 cases of oral squamaous cell carcinoma were collected from medical records as secondary data from December 2019 till April 2021. Peri-Neural invasion was assessed in all patients and was associated with, lymph node involvement and with the different histologic grades of OSCC. Location, density and patterns of Peri-Neural invasion was checked along with extracapsular spread and survival. Chi-square test was used for analyzing statistical data. P value of < .05 was considered as significant
Results: On statistical analysis it was found that, out of total 86 cases of OSCC, 59 were primary and 27 were recurrent OSCC. Male to female ratio was 3:1 and primary cases were more in age group of 35-44 years where as recurrent OSCC were more in age group of 55-64 years. Out of 59 primary cases of OSCC, Peri-Neural invasion was seen in 27 cases and out of 27 recurrent OSCC 18 had Peri-Neural invasion with a total of 45 cases with Peri-Neural invasion out of 86. Intratumor location was assessed in 22 cases and density of 1-2 nerves per section was seen. “Crescent” pattern was commonly occurring pattern in our study.
Conclusion: Our study affirmed that the incidence of Peri-Neural invasion is high in OSCC. It is present in both primary and recurrent tumors, irrespective of tumor’s grading. PNI must be assessed in all cases of OSCC as it gives markable impression on recurrence, metastasis and prognosis, and modulates treatment protocols.
Energy Auditing of Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) Production with Agronomic Manipulations in Sodic Soils of Indo-gangetic Plains
Authors: Ali Angrej , Singh B. P. 
Published: July 2021

This study investigated the energy input-output relationship in biomass production of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) grown in Sodic soils of Indo-Gangetic plains with agronomic manipulations of plant spacing (90 x 75 cm, 75 x 75 cm, 75 x 75 cm) and NPK fertilizers (0, 60:40:40, 80:60:60, 100:80:80 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1). Results indicated that total input energy requirements in various treatments ranged from 16784.72 MJ ha-1 in 90 x 75 cm spacing without NPK fertilizers to 24395.04 MJ ha-1 in case of 75 x 60 cm spacing with NPK at 100:80:80 kg ha-1. Irrespective of agronomic manipulations, share of non-renewable energy in total input energy was very high (64.56%) and the percentage proportions of direct and indirect energies in the total input energy were 75.56 and 24.13%, respectively. Among various inputs, diesel accounted for the greatest proportion (40.44%) of total input energy, followed by water (32%), fertilizers (19.28%) and these three inputs constituted 92.08% of total input energy. Crop raised at 75 x 60 cm spacing with NPK at 100:80:80 kg ha-1 resulted the highest output energy (80863 MJ ha-1), net energy return (56529.91 MJ ha-1) and energy use efficiency (3.22); however, the results obtained at 75 x 60 cm spacing with NPK at 100:80:80 kg ha-1 were comparable. The best energy productivity (0.43) was achieved with 75 x 75 cm spacing and 100:80:80 kg NPK ha-1.
Determinant Factors of Labor Turnover- A New Perspective
Authors: Rajapakshe Wasantha 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The study aims to develop a conceptual framework based on the existing labor turnover model and test it empirically. The model tested how dissatisfaction with government rules and regulations, work environment, social environment, and shock to the system and demographic factors impact turnover.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This is a cross-sectional study conducted based on data collected from 384 employees who have left the garment industry in Sri Lanka. Data were analyzed through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Multiple Regression Analysis.
Findings: The results indicate dissatisfaction with government rules and regulations, work environment, social environment, a shock to the system, age, service, and income significantly influence labor turnover.
Research Limitations/Implications: The scope of this study did not cover factors that can affect employees' turnover, such as dissatisfaction with low performance, voice, and neglect of work, high absenteeism, and grievances.
Practical Implications: Policy-makers can use the tested model to determine the causes of the existing issue of labor turnover and intervene to formulate strategies/policies, devise solutions for the same. Management intervention would be effective to help handle and minimize problems associated with the existing issue of labor turnover.
Originality/Value: To date, previous studies are based on the existing employees' intention to quit. However, the present study considers employees who have already quit the industry; thus, the study fills the empirical gap in the area of research on labor turnover.
Understanding Individual Perception and Experience of Fear during Mandatory Quarantine: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ghana
Authors: Ofori Dudley W. , Antwi James 
Published: July 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has manifested differently across the globe in terms of its sociocultural and economic impacts. The World Health Organization (WHO) developed guidelines for the effective implementation of local or national quarantine protocols to quickly detect people who have been exposed to COVID-19 and separate them from others during the disease’s incubation period. This paper examines how Ghanaians perceive and experience fear under quarantine in the various designated quarantine centres (Pentecost Community Centre and Pram-pram Convention Centre).
Drawing on the interpretive inquiry lens, data were collected through phone/Skype interviews with six individuals who had been quarantined with experience to share. Interpretative Phenomenology Approach (IPA) for data analysis was used to interpret the views and experience of participants under quarantine and how that affected their well-being. Using the WHO quarantine guidelines, our analyses focused on an individual’s experience of fear under quarantine, offering an insight into what characterises their fear as well as exploring events, coping strategies and the implementation of standard quarantine protocols in the country.
The results showed that the quarantine protocols aligned with the WHO guidelines, albeit with some exceptions; these omissions partly compounded the fear experienced by those who were quarantined in the various centres. The results help to reveal the specific events that led to fear. For example, the fear of being infected by others at the quarantine centres, the unknown duration of the quarantine, the potential loss of lives and the uncertainty of recovery. The participants managed their fearful experiences and tension at the quarantine centres by coming together to pray every morning, share the word of God and engage in jokes. This paper contributes to issues of distinct emotions and individual viewpoints under mandatory quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic in a specific country context.
Evaluation of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions among Patients of the Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Wards of a Major Teaching Hospital in Iran
Authors: Khamas Shahriyar Shahbazi , Lebadi Mohammadkazem , Ashouri Asieh , Mokhtari Gholamreza , Jafari Atefeh 
Published: July 2021

Aims: This study was aimed to find the prevalence of potential DDIs in patients and identify factors associated with these interactions.
Study design: All patients' medication regimens were screened for potential DDIs through Lexi-Interact® Online application.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted for five months in 2017-2018 at the nephrology and kidney transplant ward of Razi hospital, Rasht, Iran.
Methodology: Each potential DDI was characterized based on severity, onset, mechanism, risk rating and reliability rating. The patient's comorbidity was assessed with the Charlson comorbidity index. The quality of patients' life was assessed with the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Instrument-SF36TM questionnaire.
Results: The study included 191 patients (109 [57.07%] males and 82 [42.93%] females) with a mean age of 58.09 ± 17.76 years. The analysis revealed that 29.4 % of potential DDIs had good and 13.5% had excellent evidence. There was a statistically significant association among the number of prescribed medications (polypharmacy), hospital ward, age, Body Mass Index, education, history of drug addiction, length of hospitalization, dyslipidemia, and hypothyroidism.
Conclusion Potential DDIs are common in patients of the nephrology and kidney transplant wards, so proper patient monitoring is essential for minimizing and preventing potential adverse outcomes of DDIs.
Prompt Practice of Organized Teaching and Awareness of Domestic Waste Management among Rural Communities
Authors: Rakshale Nilima , Tendolkar Vaishali , Meshram Komal , Meshram Supriya 
Published: July 2021

Background: Waste disposal and collection, processing, transportation and dumping of waste - the 'waste management process' - is important for both public health and aesthetic and environmental reasons. The study uncontrolled hazards waste from the industry after mixing with municipal waste create potential risk to human health.
Objectives: 1. A Study to Assess An Immediate Effectiveness of Planned Teaching on Knowledge and Practice Regarding Household Waste Management among the Rural Community People in Selected Area of Wardha District. 2. To associate the knowledge and practice among the community people in a selected area of Wardha district regarding household waste management. Materials and Methods: This study was based on one group pre-test post-test experimental research study. The population was the rural community people from Sawangi and Salod in the Wardha district. The subject consisted of 50 community people of 18-50 years of age in the selected rural community of Wardha district.
Results: The minimum score in the posttest was 13 and the maximum score was 18, the mean score for the posttest was 16.04±1.10 with a mean percentage score of 89.11±6.14. The tabulated value for n=50-1 i.e. 49 degrees of freedom was 2.00. The stated value of 't' is much higher than the value tagged at a value level of 5% at the general public knowledge level which is a statistically acceptable level of value.
Evaluation of safety of Arohi Snehapana (Incremental Oleation Therapy) Over Physical, Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Sawarkar Punam , Kuchewar Vaishali , Sawarkar Gaurav 
Published: July 2021

Background: Ayurveda strongly recommends the Panchakarma (Purification or detoxification therapies), e.g., Vamana (Therapeutic emesis) & Virechana (Therapeutic purgation) etc., in healthy persons for the prevention of the diseases & maintenance of the health. Vamana & Virechana are preceded by the Arohi Snehapana (Incremental oleation) compromising of intake of specific lipid in a large quantity. As it facilitates the smooth conduction of these procedures & brings bio-toxins in the systemic circulation for their easy elimination through these procedures;therefore it is the mandatory criteria before these procedures. However, there is apprehension about its lipid elevating effect; therefore, there is quite a restriction in its acceptability in the current cholesterol-sensitive era. Ultimately, people hesitate to undergo Shodhana measures & they get deprived of their miraculous results.
Aim and Objective: Considering these hurdles, the current study was planned to evaluate and assess the safety effects of Arohi Snehapana over physical, hematological, and biochemical parameters in healthy volunteers.
Materials and Methods: This is a single-centric, open-labeled clinical trial in which a total of 50 healthy volunteers (both male & female) were recruited. All volunteers were selected by purposive sample method & were prescribed Incremental oleation with cow ghee before Shodhana therapy for a maximum of 7 days or till achievement of proper oleation features, whichever is earlier. All volunteers were assessed for physical (weight, B.M.I.), hematological & biochemical parameters before & just after the intervention.
Result and Observations: In this study, Bodyweight declined significantly by 3-4 kg (1.47%. ) for (P<0.001) within 1-7 days of an intervention despite using a good amount of fat (Go-Ghrita). Blood urea was significantly decreased by 12.63 % (for p-Value <0.001), but this decrease was absolutely within the normal range. Significant reduction in blood urea after invention proves the role of Snehapana to reduce overload over the kidney and perform the protective role. No significant elevation in lipid profile due to this intervention.
Conclusion: The current study evaluates the efficacy of Incremental oleation with respect to various proper oleation features and its safety over physical, hematological, and biochemical parameters in healthy volunteers.
Health Locus of Control: A Determinant of Oral Health among Tobacco users in Rural India
Authors: Singh Sweta , Acharya Shashidhar , Bhat Meghashyam , Bhat S. , Chakravarthy P. Kalyan , Kariya Pratik 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The concept of health locus of control is important because of its relation with health attitudes, behavior and coping styles. This study was done to compare the locus of control orientation and oral health status of tobacco users with that of non-tobacco users.
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on rural population in southern Indian state. All the participants were interviewed to gather data on their socio-demographic correlates, oral health related behavior and health locus of control with the help of a pre-tested questionnaire. Clinical examination was done using WHO oral health assessment form (1997).Main outcome measures were Locus of Control, Oral Health (dental caries status and periodontal status).
Results: Tobacco users were found to score lower on the dimension of Internality and higher on the Chance dimension compared to non-tobacco users. The prevalence and severity of periodontal disease was significantly higher in tobacco users than non-tobacco users irrespective of age and socioeconomic strata.
Conclusion: It was also concluded that non-tobacco users had internal orientation to health locus of control thereby being important behavioral factor controlling health in this group.Findings also demonstrated significant association between tobacco usage and adverse periodontal health.
Capture probability of fishes in Central European (Hungary) wadeable lowland streams
Authors: Sály Péter , Takács Péter , Specziár András , Erős Tibor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeglect of imperfect capture efficiency leads to biased inferences on population abundance, and correspondingly, seriously affects ecological research, bioassessment, conservation, and fisheries management. To date, many research studies have studied capture efficiency of salmonid fishes, but the catchability of fishes living in non‐salmonid streams has received much less attention. This paper estimates capture probability for seven fish species in densely vegetated lowland streams by using double‐pass electrofishing data and an N‐mixture removal model. Results show that capture probability can vary among species, and between‐stream differences have a stronger influence on the abundance and the catchability than within‐stream variability. Estimation uncertainty decreases with observed abundance, and the mean catchability tends to be the highest for the medium abundant species. These findings suggest that relative abundances from single‐pass data are biased to a species‐ and habitat‐specific degree. Therefore, plausible estimation of capture probability from double‐pass electrofishing requires data collected from numerous sites that cover a wide range of the environmental gradient in lowland streams.
Evidence shortfalls in the recommendations and guidance underpinning ecological mitigation for infrastructure developments
Authors: Hunter Sara B. , zu Ermgassen Sophus O. S. E , Downey Harriet , Griffiths Richard A. , Howe Caroline 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the United Kingdom and European Union, legal protection of species from the impacts of infrastructure development depends upon a number of ecological mitigation and compensation (EMC) measures to moderate the conflict between development and conservation. However, the scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness has not yet been comprehensively assessed.

This study compiled the measures used in practice, identified and explored the guidance that informed them and, using the Conservation Evidence database, evaluated the empirical evidence for their effectiveness.

In a sample of 50 U.K. housing applications, we identified the recommendation of 446 measures in total, comprising 65 different mitigation measures relating to eight taxa. Although most (56%) measures were justified by citing published guidance, exploration of the literature underpinning this guidance revealed that empirical evaluations of EMC measure effectiveness accounted for less than 10% of referenced texts. Citation network analysis also identified circular referencing across bat, amphibian and reptile EMC guidance. Comparison with Conservation Evidence synopses showed that over half of measures recommended in ecological reports had not been empirically evaluated, with only 13 measures assessed as beneficial.

As such, most EMC measures recommended in practice are not evidence based. The limited reference to empirical evidence in published guidance, as well as the circular referencing, suggests potential ‘evidence complacency’, in which evidence is not sought to inform recommendations. In addition, limited evidence availability indicates a thematic gap between conservation research and mitigation practice. More broadly, absence of evidence on the effectiveness of EMC measures calls into question the ability of current practice to compensate for the impact of development on protected species, thus highlighting the need to strengthen requirements for impact avoidance. Given the recent political drive to invest in infrastructure expansion, high‐quality, context‐specific evidence is urgently needed to inform decision‐making in infrastructure development.
Molecularly targeted treatment of recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma – a case report
Authors: Yalamanchi Ashna , Gill Jaya Mini , Truong Judy , Nguyen Minhdan , Carrillo Jose , Wagle Naveed , Sharma Akanksha , Kesari Santosh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigh‐grade astrocytomas are malignant and aggressive, with limited treatment options. Treatment is geared not only toward increasing patient’s overall survival but also in delaying or preventing neurological disability, a cause of significant morbidity. Increasingly, targeted and customized treatment approaches, especially for recurrent disease, are being explored. Here we present a successful outcome in a young patient with rapidly progressive disease who responded to targeted treatment based on genetic sequencing and circulating tumor DNA markers, given the inaccessibility of the tissue to biopsy. Molecular testing on tissue, serum or CSF may be helpful in identifying unique targets in these complex patients.
Transition Metal‐Free, Free‐Radical Sulfenylation of the α‐C(sp3)−H Bond in Arylacetamides and Its Application Toward 2‐Thiomethyl Benzoxazoles Synthesis
Authors: Tian Shanghui , Wang Chaoli , Xia Jianhui , Wan Jie‐Ping , Liu Yunyun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper reports the transition metal‐free C(sp3)−H sulfenylation of arylacetamides by using thiophenols as the sulfenyl reagents. The reactions take place in the presence of only K3PO4. Control experiments indicate that the reactions proceed via a featured sulfur‐centred free radical intermediate. In addition, the synthesis of 2‐thiomethyl benzoxazoles has been realized via the p‐toluenesulfonic acid (p‐TSA) promoted annulation of the sulfenylated products.magnified image