bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of current density in the electrode and electrolyte of lithium‐ion cells for ageing estimation applications
Authors: Javadipour Mehrnaz , Mehran Kamyar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLithium‐ion battery is the commonly used energy storage technology in electric vehicles (EVs) because of its inexpensive manufacturing cost and high energy capacity. For optimal utilization of its capacity and lifetime, reliable state of health (SoH) monitoring solutions have to be included in the battery management system (BMS). SoH of a cell is affected by several reasons such as internal degradation or external damages that need to be estimated. This article analyses the current density in electrode and electrolyte of an EV lithium‐ion cell using a simulation assisted method that leads to improvement in SoH estimation accuracy. The experimental results are analysed through the fusion of the magnetic field images captured by quantum fluxgate magnetometers, installed on the surface of the cell, together with the real‐time simulation of the multi‐physics model of the cell. The magnetic field sensors measure the magnetic field intensity with an accuracy of ±2 mT. The real‐time simulation input data is updated from the measurements of both the magnetic field sensors and the battery cycler. The multi‐physics model of the cell is developed in COMSOL modelling software, and real‐time data fusion process is implemented on dSPACE Microlabbox real‐time simulator. Results confirm that the proposed monitoring solution provides useful insight that can be employed in ageing estimation of EV batteries.
Distributed consensus‐based routing protocol with multiple mobile sinks support for wireless sensor network
Authors: Khalid Nor Azimah , Bai Quan , Al‐Anbuky Adnan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNon‐uniform node distribution in a randomly deployed network causes inefficient routing when some abnormality or events at certain parts of the network cannot be detected due to a coverage hole problem. Existing works to improve routing efficiency in randomly deployed network utilise mobile sink to prolong nodes lifetime is either centred around the static sink or movement through random patterns. Few works had considered multiple mobile sinks to route packets in such network distribution. In fact, important aspect such as collaborations among mobile sinks is not well considered, where the decision made by each mobile sink in most existing approaches tend to maximise the individual sink's utility rather than benefiting wider parts of the network. Thus, a decision based on consensus may benefit more parties and eventually lead to better decision. A distributed collaboration mechanism may assist nodes mobility in improving routing efficiency. Thus, the authors proposed the consensus‐based routing protocol, which aims to improve routing efficiency in randomly deployed network, by deciding relocation of mobile sinks based on coverage factor, in order to reduce energy consumption, providing more balance sinks distribution and better network coverage. Simulation results show good performances of proposed approach in terms of nodes lifetime, energy consumption, delay, packet delivery ratio and coverage hole, compared to other existing protocols.
New predictions for radiation-driven, steady-state mass-loss and wind-momentum from hot, massive stars
Authors: Björklund R. , Sundqvist J. O. , Puls J. , Najarro F. 
Published: March 2021

Context. Reliable predictions of mass-loss rates are important for massive-star evolution computations.
Aims. We aim to provide predictions for mass-loss rates and wind-momentum rates of O-type stars, while carefully studying the behaviour of these winds as functions of stellar parameters, such as luminosity and metallicity.
Methods. We used newly developed steady-state models of radiation-driven winds to compute the global properties of a grid of O-stars. The self-consistent models were calculated by means of an iterative solution to the equation of motion using full non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer in the co-moving frame to compute the radiative acceleration. In order to study winds in different galactic environments, the grid covers main-sequence stars, giants, and supergiants in the Galaxy and both Magellanic Clouds.
Results. We find a strong dependence of mass-loss on both luminosity and metallicity. Mean values across the grid are Ṁ~L*2.2 and Ṁ~L*0.95; however, we also find a somewhat stronger dependence on metallicity for lower luminosities. Similarly, the mass loss-luminosity relation is somewhat steeper for the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) than for the Galaxy. In addition, the computed rates are systematically lower (by a factor 2 and more) than those commonly used in stellar-evolution calculations. Overall, our results are in good agreement with observations in the Galaxy that properly account for wind-clumping, with empirical Ṁ versus Z* scaling relations and with observations of O-dwarfs in the SMC.
Conclusions. Our results provide simple fit relations for mass-loss rates and wind momenta of massive O-stars stars as functions of luminosity and metallicity, which are valid in the range Teff = 28 000–45 000 K. Due to the systematically lower values for Ṁ, our new models suggest that new rates might be needed in evolution simulations of massive stars.
Die deutsche Version der Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF): Faktorenstruktur, konvergente Validität und Normwerte in der Allgemeinbevölkerung
Authors: Spitzer Carsten , Müller Steffen , Kerber André , Hutsebaut Joost , Brähler Elmar , Zimmermann Johannes 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDas alternative DSM-5-Modell der Persönlichkeitsstörungen definiert als Kernmerkmal aller Persönlichkeitsstörungen das Funktionsniveau der Persönlichkeit, das wiederum über Probleme mit dem Selbst (Selbstpathologie) und Probleme im zwischenmenschlichen Bereich (interpersonale Pathologie) operationalisiert wird. Als kurzes Selbstbeurteilungsverfahren zur Diagnostik des Funktionsniveaus der Persönlichkeit ist die 12 Items umfassende Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF) von einer niederländischen Arbeitsgruppe entwickelt worden. In dieser Studie wurde die deutsche Version der LPFS-BF erstmals an einer großen und repräsentativen Allgemeinbevölkerungsstichprobe (n=2470) sowie einer zweiten nicht-klinischen Stichprobe (n=849) auf ihre Faktorenstruktur und konvergente Validität hin psychometrisch evaluiert und auch normiert. In beiden Stichproben konnte mittels konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalyse die theoretisch postulierte und im Original empirisch bestätigte Zwei-Faktoren-Struktur (d. h. Selbst- und interpersonale Pathologie) mit akzeptabler Anpassungsgüte repliziert werden. Die Reliabilität der Gesamtskala sowie der beiden Subskalen (operationalisiert über die interne Konsistenz) war in beiden Stichproben hoch (McDonalds ω durchweg≥0,83). Als Hinweis auf eine zufriedenstellende konvergente Validität fanden sich hohe Korrelationen der deutschen Version der LPFS-BF mit anderen Verfahren zur Erfassung der Persönlichkeitspathologie (r≥0,72). Der Zusammenhang mit aktueller psychischer Belastung war ähnlich hoch. In der Allgemeinbevölkerung lagen der Durchschnittswert (T50) der Gesamtskala der LPFS-BF bei 15 und T70 bei 33. Auch wenn psychometrische Analysen zur deutschen LPFS-BF bei Patienten mit psychischen Störungen, insbesondere jenen mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen, ausstehen, kann das Verfahren aufgrund seiner Anwendungsökonomie zur orientierenden Erfassung des Funktionsniveaus der Persönlichkeit mit den Dimensionen der Selbst- und interpersonalen Pathologie empfohlen werden.
The Effects of Water Immersion during First Stage of Labor on Postpartum Systemic Inflammatory Response
Authors: Yorgancı Ayçağ , Buyuk Gul Nihal , Akyol Mesut , Gündüz Özlem , Seven Banu , Engin-Ustun Yaprak 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective The systemic inflammatory response is a cascade of physiologic reactions that arise in response to trauma, infection, burn, or any kind of injury. This study aimed to determine the effects of water immersion during the first stage of labor on the systemic inflammatory indices in the postpartum period.
Materials and methods In this retrospective study, 125 healthy multiparous women with uncomplicated pregnancies between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation who elected for immersion in water during the first stage of labor were compared with multiparous uncomplicated term women who had conventional vaginal births on land (n=125). Age, parity, body mass index (BMI), gestational age, duration of labor, birth weight, Apgar scores, neonatal intensive care unit admissions, and ante- and postpartum whole blood parameters were noted. Antepartum and postpartum neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) were calculated for all patients as systemic inflammatory indices.
Results Demographic characteristics and birth outcomes of both groups were similar except BMI, which was statistically significantly higher in the water immersion group. There were no statistical differences in antepartum NLR, MLR, PLR, and MPV between the 2 groups. However, postpartum NLR, MLR, PLR, and MPV were statistically significantly lower in the water immersion group compared to the controls.
Conclusion Water immersion during the first stage of labor might decrease systemic inflammatory indices in the early postpartum period.
Gibt es ihn, den göttlichen Lohn? Spiritualität/Religiosität (S/R) bewahrt vor Arbeitsunzufriedenheit und verringert dadurch die Stressbelastung
Authors: Queri Silvia Katharina 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Zunehmender Arbeitsstress wird für die steigenden AU-Tage aufgrund psychischer Störungen verantwortlich gemacht. Viele individuelle und strukturelle Stressursachen sind als Haupteffekte identifiziert, mögliche kompensatorische Wechselwirkungen/Interaktionen dieser im Verständnis des Person-Environment-Fit-Ansatzes noch größtenteils unbekannt. Es wurde die Hypothese geprüft, inwieweit S/R bei Vorliegen einer Gratifikationskrise (Arbeitsunzufriedenheit), also einem Missverhältnis aus Belohnung und Anstrengung, stressmindernd wirkt.Methode Standardisierte Fragebogen erfassten querschnittlich das Ausmaß an Stress (TICS), an Gratifikationskrise (ERI) und an S/R (SBI) bei Mitarbeitern in der psychiatrischen Rehabilitation (n=243) multizentrisch in Bayern und Baden-Württemberg. Der Moderatoreffekt (Interaktion) wurde varianzanalytisch getestet.Ergebnisse Das Moderatormodell konnte nicht bestätigt werden, aber ein indirekter adaptiver Zusammenhang zwischen S/R und Stressbelastung, indem religiös-spirituelle Mitarbeiter/-innen sich v. a. stärker belohnt fühlen, also erst gar nicht in eine stresserzeugende Gratifikationskrise kommen. Kommt Gottes Lohn additiv hinzu?Schlussfolgerung Wir gehen nun theoretisch von einem Prozessmodell als Arbeitshypothese für weitere Untersuchungen aus, da unser querschnittliches Design und die korrelativen Zusammenhänge ein solches Sequenzmodell nicht belegen können. Dieser Befund ist gesundheitspsychologisch für die Stressprävention relevant.
Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Allyl Sulfones through Cs2CO3-Mediated Radical Sulfonylation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman Adducts with Thiosulfonates
Authors: Reddy Raju Jannapu , Shankar Angothu , Waheed Md. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA highly efficient and eco-friendly method has been developed for the synthesis of allyl sulfones using Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) adducts and thiosulfonates under mild conditions. The Cs2CO3-promoted radical sulfonylation provided a series of allyl sulfones in good to high yields with high stereoselectivities. A wide variety of MBH bromides/acetates as well as thiosulfonates were tolerated and reliable in scaled-up synthesis. A plausible mechanism is proposed to rationalize the radical sulfonylation.
Atropisomerism in Styrene: Synthesis, Stability, and Applications
Authors: Gu Zhenhua , Feng Jia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAtropisomeric styrenes are a class of optically active compounds, the chirality of which results from restricted rotation of the C(vinyl)–C(aryl) single bond. In comparison with biaryl atropisomers, the less rigid skeleton of styrenes usually leads them to have lower rotational barriers. Although it has been overlooked for a long time, scientists have paid attention to this class of unique molecules in recent years and have developed many methods for the preparation of optically active atropisomeric styrenes. In this article, we review the development of the concept of atropisomeric styrenes, along with their isolation, asymmetric synthesis, and synthetic applications.1	Introduction2	The Concept of Styrene Atropisomerism3	Early Research: Separation of Optically Active Styrenes4	Synthesis of Optically Active Styrenes5	Stability of the Chirality of Atropisomeric Styrenes6	Outlook
Jumping Mechanography is a Suitable Complementary Method to Assess Motor Function in Ambulatory Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Blaschek Astrid , Rodrigues Martin , Rawer Rainer , Müller Christine , Ille Lena , Schröder Sebastian , Idriess Mohamed , Müller-Felber Wolfgang , Vill Katharina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective The number of clinical trials for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has increased substantially lately, therefore appropriate clinical instruments are needed to measure disease progression and drug efficacy. Jumping mechanography is a medical diagnostic method for motion analysis, which allows to quantify physical parameters. In this study, we compared mechanography with timed function tests (TFTs).
Methods 41 ambulatory DMD patients performed a total of 95 chair rising tests (CRT) and a total of 76 single two-legged jumps (S2LJ) on a mechanography ground reaction force platform. The results were correlated with a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and the time required to run 10 meters, stand up from a supine position, and climb four stairs, all performed in the same setting.
Results Our measurements show a high correlation between mechanography and the TFTs: S2LJ/10-m run, r = 0.62; CRT/10-m run, r = 0.61; S2LJ/standing up from supine, r = 0.48; CRT/standing up from supine, r = 0.58; S2LJ/climb four stairs, r = 0.55; CRT/climb four stairs, r = 0.51. The correlation between mechanography and the 6MWT was only moderate with r = 0.38 for S2LJ/6MWT and r = 0.39 for CRT/6MWT.
Interpretation Jumping mechanography is a reliable additional method, which can be used for physical endpoint measurements in clinical trials. We confirmed our assumption, that the method provides additional information concerning performance at movement with higher power output. We suggest using the S2LJ as a first-choice tandem tool combined with the 6MWT. In patients with higher disability, the CRT is an alternative measuring method, because with the progression of the disease this is longer feasible.
Role of Free Radicals, Glutamate Toxicity, Glutathione Depletion in Apoptosis of Cochlear Hair Cells, Neuronal Cells among Patients with Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Udagatti Vithal D. , Kumar Rajendran Dinesh , Samorekar Arjunsing Vijaysing , KR Vaibhavi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction Hearing loss may lead to depression, decreased quality of life, reduced functional status and social isolation. The glutathione-S transferase (GSTS) is an antioxidant scavenging enzyme. Decreased glutathione and GSTS activity levels lead to an increase in susceptibility of hair-cell damage leading to sensorineural hearing loss. The cumulative effect of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage by free radicals results in the mutation/deletion of deoxyribonucleic acid, leading to decline in mitochondrial function, which in turn plays an important role in inducing apoptosis of the cochlear cells. Other risk factors also include noise exposure, genetic predisposition, health comorbidities, ototoxic drugs, infections, and immune-mediated inflammation of auditory cells.
Study Design Prospective, non-comparative, metacentric clinical study.
Materials and Methods The study was carried out in 30 patients from 6/5/2016 to 10/1/2018. Total of 30 patients of sensorineural hearing loss were enrolled (17 males, 13 females). Clinical history, ENT examination, and audiogram were done, treatment duration of 8 weeks for each patient and followed up to 3 outpatient visits. The patient was administered rebamipide 100 mg, alpha lipoic acid 100 mg, and acetylcysteine 100 mg capsules twice a day for a total period of 8 weeks. Wherever giddiness was an added symptom, Cinnarizine 20mg with Diaminehydrate 40 mg combination twice a day was added up to complete relief of symptoms, thereafter once a day as maintenance dose over a period of 8 weeks. Wherever tinnitus was an added symptom, deflazacort 6 mg twice a day was added and tapered up to 1 month. If the symptom of tinnitus persisted, intratympanic steroid injection was given. During every visit, clinical assessment and audiogram were repeated.
Results Our study demonstrated greater improvement in hearing at higher frequencies with 8 weeks of rebamipide 100 mg + alpha lipoic acid 100 mg + acetylcysteine 100 mg administration in 30 patients with twice-daily dosing.
Conclusion Synthesis of free radicals in the inner ear may play an important part in the pathogenesis of sensory hearing loss. The combination of rebamipide 100 mg + alpha lipoic acid 100 mg + acetylcysteine 100 mg is effective prophylaxis in sensorineural hearing loss that addresses both factors of inhibiting the cochlear cell damage and enhancing cochlear cell preservation.
Repeated Cerebral Infarction Immediately after Bypass Graft Angiography: A Case Report
Authors: Monden Masaki , Murata Nobuhiro , Takahashi Kurara , Fukamachi Daisuke , Okumura Yasuo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA cerebral infarction (CI) is a common complication of coronary angiography (CAG); however, repeated CIs in the immediate period after a CAG have not been reported yet. The patient in the present study experienced left upper quadrant blindness immediately after internal thoracic arteriography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a high-intensity area in the right occipital lobe. Despite the administration of antithrombotic therapy, the patient became transiently comatose for 6 hours. MRI showed a new high-intensity area in the left thalamus. A noninvasive assessment should be considered before internal thoracic arteriography to prevent the risk of complications.
A Case of Musicogenic Epilepsy
Authors: Bhandari Ankkita Sharma , Gourie-Devi Mandaville , Kumar Praveen , Khanna Laxmi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMusicogenic epilepsy is a relatively rare form of epilepsy characterized by seizures triggered by specific music experiences, with an estimated prevalence of 1/10,000,000 population. In this article, we reported a case of 12-year-old boy patient with a history of recent onset focal seizures associated with an aura of formed visual hallucinations, feeling of familiarity (déjà vu), and impending fear lasting for seconds to a minute followed by eye blinking, oral automatisms, and unresponsiveness for almost 15 minutes. These episodes, most often, were provoked by music. Video electroencephalogram (EEG) done in our institute was suggestive of reflex musicogenic epilepsy arising from the left anterior temporal lobe. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain 3T with epilepsy protocol confirmed video EEG findings, with an abnormal signal intensity in the left hippocampal and mesial temporal lobe. Treatment included lifestyle modification and antiepileptic drugs.
Resonators made of a disk and a movable continuous-membrane
Authors: Abudi Tom Lenkiewicz , Douvidzon Mark , Bathish Baheej , Carmon Tal 
Published: March 2021

Microcavities are used for resonantly enhanced interactions of light with matter or particles. Usually, the resonator’s sensitivity drops down with every particle attached to its interface due to the inherent scattering losses and the corresponding degradation of the optical quality factor. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, a hybrid resonator made of a dielectric disk and a continuous membrane. The membrane is evanescently coupled to the disk while both membrane and disk are mechanically separated. Therefore, the optical mode is co-hosted by the disk and the membrane, while we use a nanopositioning system to control the disk motion. We experimentally demonstrate that spreading scatterers on the membrane and then moving the membrane parallel to the disk brings different scatterers into and out of the optical-mode region. We also show that the membrane’s motion toward the disk results in a 35 GHz drift in the optical resonance frequency. The membrane is continuous in two dimensions and can move a practically unlimited distance in these directions. Furthermore, the membrane can move from a state where it touches the disk to an unlimited distance from the disk. Our continuum-coupled resonator might impact sustainable sensors where the perpetual motion of analytes into and out of the optical-mode region is needed. Additionally, the membrane can carry quantum dots or point defects such as nitrogen-vacancy centers to overlap with the optical mode in a controllable manner. As for non-parallel motion, the membrane’s flexibility and its ability to drift resonance frequency might help in detecting weak forces.
Single-trap emission kinetics of vertical β-Ga2O3 Schottky diodes by deep-level transient spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Jiaxiang , Luo Haoxun , Qu HaoLan , Zhu Min , Guo Haowen , Chen Baile , Lv Yuanjie , Lu Xing , Zou Xinbo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We report the emission kinetics of a single-electron trap (E1, E
C–0.63 eV) in Sn-doped (

2
ˉ

01) β-Ga2O3 crystals studied using deeplevel transient spectroscopy (DLTS). The time constant (

τ

) of the electrons emitted from the trap level E1 was thoroughly investigated as a function of the temperature and the electric field (E-field) . The temperature-dependence

τ

of E1 was extracted by both the temperature-scanning and isothermal modes of DLTS. It was found that the emission process accelerated exponentially from 200 K to 350 K. The E-field dependence of the emission time constant could be divided into two regimes for all measurement steps (250–325 K). In the low-electric-field regime, the emission time constant of the trap decreased slightly with a strengthened E-field. With a further enhancement of the E-field (E > 1.76 MV cm−1), the field-enhanced emission rate was accurately modeled by the Poole–Frenkel effect; the accelerated emission process was attributed to a reduction of the Coulomb well barrier for the donor-like trap E1.
Cavity-enhanced magnetometer with a spinor Bose–Einstein condensate
Authors: Gietka Karol , Mivehvar Farokh , Busch Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We propose a novel type of composite light–matter magnetometer based on a transversely driven multi-component Bose–Einstein condensate coupled to two distinct electromagnetic modes of a linear cavity. Above the critical pump strength, the change of the population imbalance of the condensate caused by an external magnetic field entails the change of relative photon number of the two cavity modes. Monitoring the cavity output fields thus allows for nondestructive measurement of the magnetic field in real time and we show that the sensitivity of the proposed magnetometer exhibits Heisenberg-like scaling with respect to the atom number. For state-of-the-art experimental parameters, we calculate the lower bound on the sensitivity of such a system to be of the order of fT

(

H
z

)

−
1

–pT

(

H
z

)

−
1

for a condensate of 104 atoms with coherence times on the order of several ms.