bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐dependent cerebrospinal fluid‐tissue water exchange detected by magnetization transfer indirect spin labeling MRI
Authors: Li Anna M. , Chen Lin , Liu Hongshuai , Li Yuguo , Duan Wenzhen , Xu Jiadi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeA non‐invasive magnetization transfer indirect spin labeling (MISL) MRI method is developed to quantify the water exchange between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and other tissues in the brain and to examine the age‐dependence of water exchange.MethodIn the pulsed MISL, we implemented a short selective pulse followed by a post‐labeling delay before an MRI acquisition with a long echo time; in the continuous MISL, a train of saturation pulses was applied. MISL signal (∆Z) was obtained by the subtraction of the label MRI at −3.5 ppm from the control MRI at 200 ppm. CSF was extracted from the mouse ventricles for the MISL optimization and validation. Comparison between wild type (WT) and aquaporin‐4 knockout (AQP4−/−) mice was performed to examine the contributions of CSF water exchange, whereas its age‐dependence was investigated by comparing the adult and young WT mice.ResultsThe pulsed MISL method observed that the MISL signal reached the maximum at 1.5 s. The continuous MISL method showed the highest MISL signal in the fourth ventricle (∆Z = 13.5% ± 1.4%), whereas the third ventricle and the lateral ventricles had similar MISL ∆Z values (∆Z = 12.0% ± 1.8%). Additionally, significantly lower ∆Z (9.3%–18.7% reduction) was found in all ventricles for the adult mice than those of the young mice (p < 0.02). For the AQP4−/− mice, the ∆Z values were 5.9%–8.3% smaller than those of the age‐matched WT mice in the lateral and fourth ventricles, but were not significant.ConclusionThe MISL method has a great potential to study CSF water exchange with the surrounding tissues in brain.
Numerical analysis for a system coupling curve evolution attached orthogonally to a fixed boundary, to a reaction–diffusion equation on the curve
Authors: Styles Vanessa , Van Yperen James 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe consider a semidiscrete finite element approximation for a system consisting of the evolution of a planar curve evolving by forced curve shortening flow inside a given bounded domain , such that the curve meets the boundary orthogonally, and the forcing is a function of the solution of a reaction–diffusion equation that holds on the evolving curve. We prove optimal order error bounds for the resulting approximation and present numerical experiments.
Preparation and properties of antibacterial styrene‐acrylic emulsion based on bis‐quaternary ammonium salt‐containing mono‐methacrylates as polymerizable antibacterial agents
Authors: Zhou Xiaopei , He Jingwei , Xiong Shaobo , Zhou Furong , Xiang Hui , Liu Fang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith the aim to prepare antibacterial styrene‐acrylic emulsion, a series of bis‐quaternary ammonium salt‐containing mono‐methacrylates MEQABr‐x(x = 12, 14, 16) were synthesized as polymerizable antibacterial agents via two steps. The chemical structures of MEQABr‐x(x = 12, 14, 16) were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and Critical micelle moncentration (CMC) results showed that MEQABr‐x(x = 12, 14, 16) had antibacterial properties and surface properties which was influenced by its alkyl chain length. The antibacterial emulsion (SAQx‐n) was synthesized by emulsion polymerization of styrene (St), butyl acrylate (BA), acrylic acid (AA) and MEQABr‐x(x = 12, 14, 16). The structures of its films (SAQx‐n‐F) were characterized by attenuated total reflectance‐FTIR. The effects of MEQABr‐14 content or alkyl chain length of MEQABr‐x(x = 12, 14, 16) on emulsion and its films were investigated in the aspect of particle sizes, pencil hardness, adhesive force grade, thermal stabilities, surface morphology, particle morphology, and so forth. The films (SAQx‐9‐F) with 9 wt% content of MEQABr‐x(x = 12, 14, 16) showed the nearly 100% antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, indicating its potential to be used as antibacterial coating.
Crystalline property change of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) by compounding and curing procedures
Authors: Choi Sung‐Seen , Chung Yu Yeon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInfluence of manufacturing processes of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) on the crystalline properties was investigated using various EVAs with different VA contents. Four compounds with different compositions for each EVA were prepared to examine the influence of the ingredients. Stearic acid, dicumyl peroxide (DCP, crosslinking agent), triallyl cyanurate (TAC, co‐crosslinker), and azodicarbonamide (JTR, blowing agent) were employed as principal ingredients. By compounding, percentage crystallinities (Xcs) increased irrespective of kinds of the EVAs and their compound formulations. It was found that stearic acid, TAC, and JTR improved crystallinities of the EVA compounds. And milling process could accelerate crystal formation of EVA chains by strain‐induced crystallization. The Xcs of the EVA compounds were notably decreased through curing process, but some EVA vulcanizates showed greater Xcs than their raw EVAs. Especially, the EVA foam samples had higher Xcs than their raw EVAs and it could be explained with compression of EVA chains by blowing. Xc changes of the two crystals of [110] and [200] by the ingredients and manufacturing procedures were also examined. The Xc ratios of [110]/[200] of the foam samples were greater than those of the unfoamed ones.
Markers of hypercoagulability in children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Carmona Roxana , Kizilocak Hande , Marquez‐Casas Elizabeth , Vasquez Siobhan , Ji Lingyun , Ko Richard H. , Young Guy , Jaffray Julie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a known complication for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The aim of this study was to identify laboratory biomarkers that predict which children with ALL are at risk for VTE during induction chemotherapy.Materials and methodsNewly diagnosed ALL patients admitted to Children's Hospital Los Angeles with a central venous catheter (CVC) were eligible to participate. Participants’ blood samples (complete blood count [CBC], quantitative D‐dimer, prothrombin fragment 1.2 [PTF 1.2], and thrombin–antithrombin complexes [TAT]) were collected at day 0 (baseline/prior to induction), day 7 (±2 days), day 14 (±2 days), day 21 (±2 days), and day 28 (±2 days) of induction chemotherapy or until participants presented with a symptomatic VTE.ResultsSeventy‐five participants aged 1–21 years were enrolled and included in the final analysis. Twenty‐six (35%) of the 75 participants were diagnosed with a CVC‐associated VTE (22 asymptomatic and four symptomatic). There was a statistically significant difference between VTE and non‐VTE participants for D‐dimer (odds ratio [OR] 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.59–1.64), TAT (OR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.32–1.38), and PTF 1.2 (OR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.25–1.37) at all time points. Participants >10 years had a significantly higher risk of developing a VTE compared to participants <4 years (p = .007).ConclusionOlder children with ALL as well as those with an elevated TAT, PTF 1.2, or D‐dimer showed an increased risk of VTE, which may hold potential for predicting VTE in future studies.
Non‐invasive prenatal testing detects blood chimerism in dizygotic twins
Authors: Janicki Ewa , Janssens Katrien , Blaumeiser Bettina 
Published: December 2021

Key pointsWhat is already known?

Placentas of dichorionic twins are fused in approximately 40% of the cases, and blood chimeras can originate upon transfer of cells.

In general, dizygotic twins always have a dichorionic placenta, but as an exception, monochorionic dizygotic twins exist, which can lead to blood chimerism.

What does this study add?

Blood chimerism due to either a monochorionic placenta in fraternal twins or transfer of cells between fused placentas can adopt a permanent state.

Blood chimerism in sex‐discordant twins can lead to aberrant patterns in the non‐invasive prenatal test of adult female twins.
Assessment of perceived distress due to nasopharyngeal swab collection in healthy Indian infants participating in a clinical trial
Authors: Kawade Anand , Dayma Girish , Apte Aditi , Roy Sudipto , Gondhali Arun , Juvekar Sanjay , Bavdekar Ashish 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRoutinely children are exposed to various procedures as a part of clinical care and/or research participation. Public health strategies to contain current COVID‐19 pandemic demanded massive nasopharyngeal swab testing but limited data exist to confirm the extent of the pain and distress that result from this procedure. These data could help clinicians to formulate mitigation strategies, influence public health directives, and inform review boards/ethics committees to decide on risk‐benefit ratio of the procedure. Hence, an observational study to assess perceived distress was nested in a phase IV alternate and reduced dose schedule trial of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in which nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) was used to collect nasopharyngeal secretions as part of the study procedure. Out of 805 infant participants enrolled in the main study, a total of 425 infants were enrolled and observed for procedural distress at 18 weeks and 10 months of age using the Face Leg Activity Cry and Consolability (FLACC) Scale. The FLACC score and duration of cry were recorded. The mean FLACC score changed substantially from preprocedural to procedure in both age groups (from 0.08 to 5.8 at 18 weeks and from 0.5 to 7.007 at 10 months. P = <.0001). The proportion of infants experiencing higher FLACC scores (7‐10) indicating severe distress increased significantly from 22% (n = 95) at 18 weeks to 61% (n = 248) at 10 months (P < .0001). The mean duration of cry was significantly increased from 23.03 seconds at 18 weeks to 52.6 seconds at 10 months (P = .00). Nasopharyngeal swab collection produced substantial distress which increased with age. Adequate training of sample collectors and supporting parent engagement during procedure could help in reducing the distress.
Investigations on Preparation and Electrochemical Performance Optimization of LiMnPO4/C Composites with High Tap Density
Authors: Cao Shi‐yuan , Chang Long‐jiao , Luo Shao‐hua , Bi Xiao‐long , Wei An‐lu , Liu Jia‐nan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the process route of synthesizing high tap density LiMnPO4 material by hydrothermal method with Li3PO4 as precursor is designed, and the microstructure and electrochemical properties of in situ carbon coated material are systematically studied. The phase, structure, morphology, and grain fineness distribution of the LiMnPO4/C are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanner transmission electron microscope, and laser particle size analyzer. There are a series of process parameters are optimized by orthogonal, such as reaction temperature, reaction time, polyethylene glycol 400 to H2O volume ratio and reactants concentration. The results show that, in the range of ≈2.5–4.5 V, the original charge–discharge volume of the prepared battery cathode material is shown as 123.7 mAh g−1 at a rate of 0.05 C. After 500 long cycles, the sample saves 95.55% (0.05 C) of the original capacity. At 550 °C, at different rates in the discontinuance voltage range of ≈2.5–4.5 V, the charge and discharge quantity of the cathode electrode raw materials obtained by individuals can be maintained at about 120.9 mAh g−1 (0.1 C), 119.0 mAh g−1 (0.5 C), 116.8 mAh g−1 (1 C), respectively.
Noncanonical autophagy in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Gan Ting , Zhou Xu‐jie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundNoncanonical autophagy is generally described as a lysosomal degradation process that requires only a subset of the core autophagy‐related proteins to form functional autophagosomes.Review: Accumulating evidence implicates noncanonical autophagy pathways in expanding the versatility of the immune system via regulation of functions that include antigen presentation, dead cell clearance, inflammatory cytokine production, and immune cell homeostasis. In this review, we use microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3‐associated phagocytosis (LAP) as an example of noncanonical autophagy, describing its distinctive molecular machinery and highlighting recent advances in its functioning in immunity. We also discuss the direct and indirect evidence supporting the pathogenic significance of abnormal levels of LAP in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Future Perspectives: A better understanding of the role of noncanonical autophagy in SLE may reveal crucial information about the disease pathology, providing direction for therapeutic developments and improved prognosis.
Robust stability of switched nonlinear systems with delay and sampling
Authors: Wang Yue‐E , Wu Di , Karimi Hamid Reza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the stability issue for a class of switched nonlinear systems whose control inputs include time delay and sampling. It is assumed that a stabilizing controller is predesigned for the nominal system such that it is stable under a certain switching signal. However, in the presence of input delay and sampling, the system may not be stable under the same stability criteria. Besides, the switching signals are discussed in two cases, that is, the switching signal of the system is transmitted to the controller in real time and only the sampled information of the switching signal is available to the controller at each sampling instant. For the latter, the asynchronous motions between the subsystems and the candidate controllers are caused and the closed‐loop system is rewritten as sampled switched nonlinear delay system with an augmented switching signal. By constructing sampling interval‐dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and using the theory of the asynchronous switched delay system, we establish the stability conditions on the switching signal which depends on the size of the delay, the upper bound of the sampling interval, and the dwell time. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Deconstructing knowledge and reconstructing understanding: Designing a knowledge architecture for transdisciplinary co‐creation of energy futures
Authors: Biswas Saurabh , Miller Clark A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTransdisciplinary approaches for planning and managing sustainability transitions present an opportunity for embedding knowledge making as an integral design element. Collaboratively formulated energy transitions as one such transdisciplinary undertaking, can benefit from the plural integration of knowledge forms to maximize uptake and diffusion of material outcomes, and the principles and values underlying collaborative action. Moreover, reflexive knowledge practices can identify safeguards that prevent disproportionate distribution of benefits, consequences, and lower participation barriers for diverse stakeholders. This article presents a knowledge making research agenda for co‐creation of sustainable energy transitions and proposes the deconstruction‐reconstruction knowledge making framework to enable systemic social learning among stakeholders. The theoretical framework is operationalized through a knowledge architecture, designed to facilitate a multi‐stakeholder sustainable energy transition project in Sierra Leone. Findings indicate that an embedded knowledge architecture can lower epistemological and methodological barriers to co‐creation, while enhancing the ability to adaptively manage emergent information and conflicts.
Transdisciplinary research in natural resources management: Towards an integrative and transformative use of co‐concepts
Authors: Hakkarainen Viola , Mäkinen‐Rostedt Katri , Horcea‐Milcu Andra , D'Amato Dalia , Jämsä Johanna , Soini Katriina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTransdisciplinary research often utilizes collaborative ways of knowledge production to enable deliberate transformations towards sustainability. Multiple concepts with varying definitions are applied, leading to confusion in the aims and uses of these concepts. In this article, we review five concepts relevant to the current debate on the new collaborative ways of knowledge production in transdisciplinary research. We focus on the concepts of co‐creation, co‐production, co‐design, co‐learning, and adaptive co‐management in the context of natural resources management (NRM). This study couples a literature review and a conceptual analysis, and aims to clarify definitions, use, the interlinkages of these concepts and to shed light on their intertwined nature. We propose an integrative understanding of the concepts to facilitate collaborative modes and to enable the transformative aims of research processes. To this end, we discuss how to harvest the transformative potential of the “co‐concepts” by focusing on reflexivity, power analysis and process orientation.
Restrictive but not restricted: Perspectives on antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance among Swedish dairy veterinarians
Authors: Gröndal Hedvig , Fall Nils , Blanco‐Penedo Isabel , Sternberg‐Lewerin Susanna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsIn Europe, the antimicrobial use (AMU) for food‐producing animals has decreased rapidly. However, studies indicate that a too strict policy, with too restrictive AMU, is potentially problematic for veterinarians because it threatens animal welfare and creates tensions between farmers and veterinarians. The AMU in Sweden is among the lowest in Europe, and regulation of AMU in farm animals is strict. The aim of our study was to explore how Swedish veterinarians describe the relations between (1) being restrictive with antibiotics due to the risk of AMR and (2) concerns for animal welfare and/or the veterinarian‐client relationship.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews with 21 veterinarians, working with dairy cattle, were performed. The transcripts were analysed, and a number of dominant patterns which recurred in all, or most of, the interviews were identified.ResultThe interviewed veterinarians described AMR prevention and tackling the threat AMR poses towards public health, as central for their profession and as influencing their everyday practice and decisions on AMU. Importantly, veterinarians described accounting for AMR in everyday practice as fairly unproblematic, both in relation to animal welfare as well as in relation to farmers. The veterinarians generally perceived that they could treat animals with antibiotics when justified, and being restrictive with antibiotics was described as an expression of professional skill and not as challenging as animal welfare. Moreover, they stated that restrictive AMU seldom or never caused conflicts with farmers.ConclusionStrict AMU policy and restrictive AMU do not necessarily put veterinarians in a problematic position where they are caught between conflicting demands and risks.
Evaluating the computational (“Big Data”) turn in studies of media coverage of climate change
Authors: Lahsen Myanna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMachine‐assisted big data (MABD) research is enabling quantitative studies of large‐scale social phenomena, including societal responses to climate change. The rise of MABD science is causing both enthusiasm and concerns. Reviewing prominent criticisms of MABD and their relevance for MABD explorations of macro‐structural factors shaping media coverage of climate change, this article finds that the quality and contributions of such studies depend on avoiding common pitfalls. The review focuses specifically on MABD studies' attempts to identify and make sense of correlations—or lack thereof—between climate vulnerability and climate coverage in different countries. The review draws on insights from a single, nationally focused, context‐attentive, and relatively more qualitative “small data” study in the Global South (Brazil) to shed critical light on assumptions, claims, and policy recommendations made based on the computer‐assisted macro‐studies. The review illustrates why more narrowly focused and qualitative small data studies are complementary and indispensable. Besides providing vital understanding of causal relationships that elude MABD studies, more narrowly focused and context‐sensitive qualitative studies can foster understanding of the consequential mediating roles of place‐specific meaning‐making and political strategizing in how climate and weather phenomena are framed by social actors and mass media in particular places. These are dimensions that escape the Big Data quantitative methods, but that are vital to sound policy advice, as illustrated by the Small Data research from Brazil.This article is categorized under:
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Robust minimum cost flow problem under consistent flow constraints
Authors: Büsing Christina , Koster Arie M. C. A. , Schmitz Sabrina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe robust minimum cost flow problem under consistent flow constraints (RobMCF$$\equiv $$
≡
) is a new extension of the minimum cost flow (MCF) problem. In the RobMCF$$\equiv $$
≡
problem, we consider demand and supply that are subject to uncertainty. For all demand realizations, however, we require that the flow value on an arc needs to be equal if it is included in the predetermined arc set given. The objective is to find feasible flows that satisfy the equal flow requirements while minimizing the maximum occurring cost among all demand realizations. In the case of a finite discrete set of scenarios, we derive structural results which point out the differences with the polynomial time solvable MCF problem in networks with integral demands, supplies, and capacities. In particular, the Integral Flow Theorem of Dantzig and Fulkerson does not hold. For this reason, we require integral flows in the entire paper. We show that the RobMCF$$\equiv $$
≡
problem is strongly $$\mathcal {NP}$$
NP
-hard on acyclic digraphs by a reduction from the (3, B2)-Sat problem. Further, we demonstrate that the RobMCF$$\equiv $$
≡
problem is weakly $$\mathcal {NP}$$
NP
-hard on series-parallel digraphs by providing a reduction from Partition. If in addition the number of scenarios is constant, we propose a pseudo-polynomial algorithm based on dynamic programming. Finally, we present a special case on series-parallel digraphs for which we can solve the RobMCF$$\equiv $$
≡
problem in polynomial time.
Towards MANET-based Recommender Systems for Open Facilities
Authors: Dunkel Jürgen , Hermoso Ramón 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNowadays, most recommender systems are based on a centralized architecture, which can cause crucial issues in terms of trust, privacy, dependability, and costs. In this paper, we propose a decentralized and distributed MANET-based (Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork) recommender system for open facilities. The system is based on mobile devices that collect sensor data about users locations to derive implicit ratings that are used for collaborative filtering recommendations. The mechanisms of deriving ratings and propagating them in a MANET network are discussed in detail. Finally, extensive experiments demonstrate the suitability of the approach in terms of different performance metrics.