bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic Computer-Based Model of Combined Ventilation Using a New Medical Device
Authors: Ramos Matias , Giambastiani Roberto Orofino , Riva Diego , Biancolini María Fernanda , Lugones Ignacio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe increased demand for mechanical ventilation caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic could generate a critical situation where patients may lose access to mechanical ventilators. Combined ventilation, in which two patients are ventilated simultaneously but independently with a single ventilator has been proposed as a life-saving bridge while waiting for new ventilators availability. New devices have emerged to facilitate this task and allow individualization of ventilatory parameters in combined ventilation. In this work we run computer-based electrical simulations of combined ventilation. We introduce an electrical model of a proposed mechanical device which is designed to individualize ventilatory parameters, and tested it under different circumstances.Materials and MethodsWith an electronic circuit simulator applet, an electrical model of combined ventilation is created using resistor-capacitor circuits. A device is added to the electrical model which is capable of individualizing the ventilatory parameters of two patients connected to the same ventilator. Through computational simulation, the model is tested in different scenarios with the aim of achieving adequate ventilation of two subjects under different circumstances: 1) two identical subjects; 2) two subjects with the same size but different lung compliance; and 3) two subjects with different sizes and compliances. The goal is to achieve the established charge per unit of size on each capacitor under different levels of end-expiratory voltage (as an end-expiratory pressure analog). Data collected included capacitor charge, voltage, and charge normalized to the weight of the simulated patient.ResultsSimulations show that it is possible to provide the proper charge to each capacitor under different circumstances using an array of electrical components as equivalents to a proposed mechanical device for combined ventilation. If the pair of connected capacitors have different capacitances, adjustments must be made to the source voltage and/or the resistance of the device to provide the appropriate charge for each capacitor under initial conditions. In pressure control simulation, increasing the end-expiratory voltage on one capacitor requires increasing the source voltage and the device resistance associated with the other simulated patient. On the other hand, in the volume control simulation, it is only required to intervene in the device resistance.ConclusionsUnder simulated conditions, this electrical model allows individualization of combined mechanical ventilation.
Validating quantitative PCR assays for cell-free DNA detection without DNA extraction: Exercise induced kinetics in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Neuberger Elmo W.I. , Brahmer Alexandra , Ehlert Tobias , Kluge Katrin , Philippi Keito F.A. , Boedecker Simone C. , Weinmann-Menke Julia , Simon Perikles 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTCirculating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been investigated as a screening tool for many diseases. To avoid expensive and time-consuming DNA isolation, direct quantification PCR assays can be established. However, rigorous validation is required to provide reliable data in the clinical and non-clinical context. Considering International Organization for Standardization, as well as bioanalytical method validation guidelines we provide a comprehensive procedure to validate assays for cfDNA quantification from unpurified blood plasma. A 90 and 222 bp assay was validated to study the kinetics of cfDNA after exercise in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The assays showed ultra-low limit of quantification (LOQ) with 0.47 and 0.69 ng/ml, repeatability ≤ 11.6% (95% CI: 8.1–20.3), and intermediate precision ≤ 12.1% (95% CI: 9.2-17.7). Incurred sample reanalysis confirmed the precision of the procedure. The additional consideration of pre-analytical factors shows that centrifugation speed and temperature do not change cfDNA concentrations. In SLE patients cfDNA increases ∼2 fold after all out walking exercise, normalizing after 60 min of rest. The established assays allow reliable and cost-efficient quantification of cfDNA in minute amounts of plasma in the clinical setting and can be used as a standard to control pre-analytical factors including cfDNA losses during purification.
Modelling the Long-Term Effects of Covid-19 Cancer Services Disruption on Patient Outcome in Scotland
Authors: Figueroa Jonine D , Gray Ewan , Maeda Yasuko , Hall Peter S , Mackean Melanie , Elder Kenneth , Din Farhat V N , Dunlop Malcolm G , Weller David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundModelling the long-term effects of disruption of cancer services and minimising any excess cancer mortality due to the Covid-19 pandemic is of great importance. Here we adapted a stage-shift model to inform service planning decisions within NHS Scotland for the ‘‘Detect Cancer Early’ tumours, breast, colorectal and lung cancer which represent 46% of all cancers diagnosed in Scotland.Methods & DataLung, colorectal and breast cancer incidence data for years 2017-18 were obtained from Public Health Scotland Cancer Quality Performance Indicators (QPI), to define a baseline scenario. The most current stage-specific 5-year survival data came from 2009-2014 national cancer registry and South East Scotland Cancer Network (SCAN) QPI audit datasets. The Degeling et al., inverse stage-shift model was adapted to estimate changes in stage at diagnosis, excess mortality and life-years lost from delays to diagnosis and treatment due to Covid-19-related health services disruption. Three and 6-month periods of disruption were simulated to demonstrate the model predictions.ResultsApproximately, 1-9% reductions in stage I/II presentations leading up to 2-10% increases in stage III/IV presentations are estimated across the three cancer types. A 6-month period of service disruption is predicted to lead to excess deaths at 5 years of 32.5 (31.1, 33.9) per 1000 cases for lung cancer, 16.5 (7.9, 24.3) for colorectal cancer and 31.6 (28.5, 34.4) for breast cancer.ConclusionsDisruption of cancer diagnostic services can lead to significant excess deaths in following years. Increasing diagnostic and capacity for cancer services to deal with the backlog of care are needed. Real time monitoring of incidence and referral patterns over the disruption and post-disruption period to reduce excess deaths including more rapid incidence data by stage and other key tumour/clinical characteristics at presentation for key cancer cases (on a quarterly basis). Real time monitoring in cancer care and referral patterns should help inform what type of interventions are needed to reduce excess mortality and whether different population subgroups require public health messaging campaigns. Specific mitigation measures can be the subject of additional modelling analysis to assess the benefits and inform service planning decision making.
Leaf Aqueous Extract ofManilkara hexandrainfluenced Glucose Metabolism in fish: An observation withLabeo rohitaFingerlings as model organism
Authors: Dutta Sumana , Chowdhury Debnarayan , Das Ria , Das Jayashri , Ghosh Poulomi , Ghosh Koushik , Ray Sanjib 
Published: January 2021

AbstractManilkara hexandra(Roxb.) Dubard (common name Khirni, family: Sapotaceae) is an evergreen traditionally used medicinal plant. The present study aimed to see the effects of leaf aqueous extract ofM. hexandra(LAEMH) on digestive and glucose metabolic enzyme action and serum glucose level in rohu,Labeo rohita, fingerlings. Experimental fish were fed a basal diet (Group I), and diets supplemented with LAEMH at 300 mg (Group II) and 600 mg (Group III) kg−1body weight. A significant reduction in serum glucose was noticed in the treated groups when compared with the control group. The reduced amylase activity was noticed in the treated fingerlings in a dose-dependent manner. However, lipase and protease activities didn’t differ significantly among the experimental groups. Reduced serum glucose level might be correlated with the decline in the activity of digestive amylase in fish. Group II (3.35±0.19 U) and Group III (3.49±0.13 U) were recorded with reduced glucose-6-phosphatase activities than the control group (4.4±0.39 U). Moreover, the study revealed a decline in fructose-1,6-phosphatase activities in the treated groups in comparison to the control group. The decline in the activities of the metabolic enzymes might be associated with the non-availability of glucose owing to reduced activity of the digestive amylase in the treated groups. In conclusion, the present study established the hypoglycaemic effect of the leaf aqueous extract ofM. hexandrain a fish model.
Spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of mouse organogenesis using DNA nanoball patterned arrays
Authors: Chen Ao , Liao Sha , Cheng Mengnan , Ma Kailong , Wu Liang , Lai Yiwei , Qiu Xiaojie , Yang Jin , Li Wenjiao , Xu Jiangshan , Hao Shijie , Wang Xin , Lu Huifang , Chen Xi , Liu Xing , Huang Xin , Lin Feng , Li Zhao , Hong Yan , Fu Defeng , Jiang Yujia , Peng Jian , Liu Shuai , Shen Mengzhe , Liu Chuanyu , Li Quanshui , Yuan Yue , Zheng Huiwen , Wang Zhifeng , Wang Zhaohui , Huang Xin , Xiang Haitao , Han Lei , Qin Baoming , Guo Pengcheng , Cánoves Pura Muñoz- , Thiery Jean Paul , Wu Qingfeng , Zhao Fuxiang , Li Mei , Kuang Haoyan , Hui Junhou , Wang Ou , Lu Haorong , Wang Bo , Liu Shiping , Ni Ming , Zhang Wenwei , Mu Feng , Yin Ye , Yang Huanming , Lisby Michael , Cornall Richard J. , Mulder Jan , Uhlen Mathias , Esteban Miguel A. , Li Yuxiang , Liu Longqi , Xu Xun , Wang Jian 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYSpatially resolved transcriptomic technologies are promising tools to study cell fate decisions in a physical microenvironment, which is fundamental for enhancing our knowledge of mammalian development. However, the imbalance between resolution, transcript capture and field of view of current methodologies precludes their systematic application to analyze relatively large and three-dimensional mid- and late-gestation mammalian embryos. Here, we combined DNA nanoball (DNB) patterned arrays and tissue RNA capture to create SpaTial Enhanced REsolution Omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq). This approach allows transcriptomic profiling of large histological sections with high resolution and sensitivity. We have applied Stereo-seq to study the kinetics and directionality of transcriptional variation in a time course of mouse organogenesis. We used this information to gain insight into the molecular basis of regional specification, neuronal migration and differentiation in the developing brain. Furthermore, we mapped the expression of a panel of developmental disease-related loci on our global transcriptomic maps to define the spatiotemporal windows of tissue vulnerability. Our panoramic atlas constitutes an essential resource to investigate longstanding questions concerning normal and abnormal mammalian development.
Attenuation of Hyperalgesia and Allodynia by some Phenolic Acids in Paclitaxel Induced Neuropathy
Authors: Pawar Shubhangi H. , Upaganlawar Aman B. , Upasani Chandrashekhar D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPaclitaxel, an anticancer drug induced neuropathy is widely used animal model to evaluate new drugs in neuropathy. As oxidative stress is key contributor in pathogenesis of neuropathy, many phenolic acids with antioxidant potential are proven as neuroprotective. So,present work undertaken to evaluate effect of syringic acid and sinapic acid in paclitaxel induced neuropathy. We evaluated effect on mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and allodynia which are vital signs of neuropathy. 4 weeks treatment by different doses of syringic acid and sinapic acid shown significant protective effect on hyperalgesia and allodynia in dose dependant manner assessed by Randello Selitto, hot plate, cold plate and Von Frey filament test. As these phenolic acids attenuates hyperalgesia and allodynia in neuropathy, can be therapeutically used in combination with current treatment of neuropathy.Summary statementHyperlagesia and allodynia are major signs of neuropathy and this article focus on reduction of hyperalgesia and allodynia by syringic and sinapic acid in neuropathy induced by paclitaxel.
Temporal Trends in COVID-19 associated AKI from March to December 2020 in New York City
Authors: Dellepiane Sergio , Vaid Akhil , Jaladanki Suraj K , Paranjpe Ishan , Coca Steven , Fayad Zahi A , Charney Alexander W , Bottinger Erwin P , He John Cijiang , Glicksberg Benjamin S , Chan Lili , Nadkarni Girish 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAcute Kidney Injury (AKI) is among the most common complications of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Throughout 2020 pandemic, the clinical approach to COVID-19 has progressively improved, but it is unknown how these changes have affected AKI incidence and severity. In this retrospective analysis, we report the trend over time of COVID-19 associated AKI and need of renal replacement therapy in a large health system in New York City, the first COVID-19 epicenter in United States.
COVID-19 in 823 Transplant patients: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Emara Moataz Maher , Elsedeiq Mahmoud , Elmorshedi Mohamed , Neamatallah Hamed , Abdelkhalek Mostafa , Yassen Amr , Nabhan Ashraf 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundManagement of COVID-19 in transplant patients is a big challenge. Data on immunosuppression management, clinical picture, and outcomes are lacking.ObjectivesTo summarize the current literature on COVID-19 in transplant patients especially the data regarding the immunosuppression protocols, clinical presentation, and outcomes.Search strategyA systematic search of MEDLINE, EBSCO, CENTRAL, CINAHL, LitCovid, Web of Science, and Scopus electronic databases. The references of the relevant studies were also searched. The search was last updated on June 3, 2020.Selection CriteriaPrimary reports of solid organ transplant patients who developed COVID-19. An overlap of cases in different reports was checked.Data collection and analysisA descriptive summary of immunosuppression therapy (before and after COVID-19), clinical presentation (symptoms, imaging, laboratory, and disease severity), management (oxygen therapy, antiviral, and antibacterial), major outcomes (Intensive care admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, acute kidney injury), and mortality.Main resultsWe identified 74 studies reporting 823 cases of solid organ transplantation with COVID-19. Among 372 patients, 114 (30.6%) were mild COVID-19, 101 (27.2%) moderate, and 157 (42.2%) severe or critical.Major outcomes included intensive care unit admission, invasive ventilation, and acute kidney injury, which occurred in 121 (14.7%), 97 (11.8%), and 63 (7.7%) of patients, respectively. Mortality was reported in 160 (19.4%) patients. Missing individual data hindered making clinical correlations.ConclusionCOVID-19 in solid organ transplant patients probably has a more disease severity, worse major outcomes (Intensive care admission, invasive ventilation, acute kidney injury), and higher mortality than in non-transplant patients.
State-of-the-Art Risk Models for Diabetes, Hypertension, Visual Diminution, and COVID-19 Severity in Mexico
Authors: Amaya Heladio , Enciso Jennifer , Meizner Daniela , Pentland Alex , Noriega Alejandro 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUNDDiabetes and hypertension are among top public health priorities, particularly in low and middle-income countries where their health and socioeconomic impact is exacerbated by the quality and accessibility of health care. Moreover, their connection with severe or deadly COVID-19 illness has further increased their societal relevance. Tools for early detection of these chronic diseases enable interventions to prevent high-impact complications, such as loss of sight and kidney failure. Similarly, prognostic tools for COVID-19 help stratify the population to prioritize protection and vaccination of high-risk groups, optimize medical resources and tests, and raise public awareness.METHODSWe developed and validated state-of-the-art risk models for the presence of undiagnosed diabetes, hypertension, visual complications associated with diabetes and hypertension, and the risk of severe COVID-19 illness (if infected). The models were estimated using modern methods from the field of statistical learning (e.g., gradient boosting trees), and were trained on publicly available data containing health and socioeconomic information representative of the Mexican population. Lastly, we assembled a short integrated questionnaire and deployed a free online tool for massifying access to risk assessment.RESULTSOur results show substantial improvements in accuracy and algorithmic equity (balance of accuracy across population subgroups), compared to established benchmarks. In particular, the models: i) reached state-of-the-art sensitivity and specificity rates of 90% and 56% (0.83 AUC) for diabetes, 80% and 64% (0.79 AUC) for hypertension, 90% and 56% (0.84 AUC) for visual diminution as a complication, and 90% and 60% (0.84 AUC) for development of severe COVID disease; and ii) achieved substantially higher equity in sensitivity across gender, indigenous/non-indigenous, and regional populations. In addition, the most relevant features used by the models were in line with risk factors commonly identified by previous studies. Finally, the online platform was deployed and made accessible to the public on a massive scale.CONCLUSIONSThe use of large databases representative of the Mexican population, coupled with modern statistical learning methods, allowed the development of risk models with state-of-the-art accuracy and equity for two of the most relevant chronic diseases, their eye complications, and COVID-19 severity. These tools can have a meaningful impact on democratizing early detection, enabling large-scale preventive strategies in low-resource health systems, increasing public awareness, and ultimately raising social well-being.
Examining the effect of information channel on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance
Authors: Piltch-Loeb R. , Savoia E. , Goldberg B. , Hughes B. , Verhey T. , Kayyem J. , Miller-Idriss C. , Testa MA. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine remains high among the US population. Now that the vaccine is available to priority populations, it is critical to convince those that are hesitant to take the vaccine. Public health communication about the vaccine as well as misinformation on the vaccine occurs through a variety of different information channels. Some channels of information are more commonly found to spread misinformation. Given the expansive information environment, we sought to characterize the use of different media channels for COVID-19 vaccine information and determine the relationship between information channel and vaccine acceptance. We conducted a convenience sample of vaccine priority groups (N=2,650) between December 13 and 23, 2020 and conducted bivariate chi-squared tests and multivariable multinomial logistic regression analyses to determine the relative impact of channels of information on vaccine acceptance. We found traditional channels of information, especially National TV, National newspapers, and local newspapers increased the relative risk of vaccine acceptance. Individuals who received information from traditional media compared to social media or both traditional and social media were most likely to accept the vaccine. The implications of this study suggest social media channels have a role to play in educating the hesitant to accept the vaccine, while traditional media channels should continue to promote data-driven and informed vaccine content to their viewers.
Analysis of communities of countries with similar dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic evolution
Authors: Alvarez Emiliano , Brida Juan Gabriel , Limas Erick , Rosich Lucia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work addresses the spread of the coronavirus through a non-parametric approach, with the aim of identifying communities of countries based on how similar their evolution of the disease is. The analysis focuses on the number of daily new COVID-19 cases per ten thousand people during a period covering at least 250 days after the confirmation of the tenth case. Dynamic analysis is performed by constructing Minimal Spanning Trees (MST) and identifying groups of similarity in contagions evolution in 95 time windows of a 150-day amplitude that moves one day at a time. The number of times countries belonged to a similar performance group in constructed time windows was the intensity measure considered. Groups’ composition is not stable, indicating that the COVID-19 evolution needs to be treated as a dynamic problem in the context of complex systems. Three communities were identified by applying the Louvain algorithm. Identified communities analysis according to each country’s socioeconomic characteristics and variables related to the disease sheds light on whether there is any suggested course of action. Even when strong testing and tracing cases policies may be related with a more stable dynamic of the disease, results indicate that communities are conformed by countries with diverse characteristics. The best option to counteract the harmful effects of a pandemic may be having strong health systems in place,with contingent capacity to deal with unforeseen events and available resources capable of a rapid expansion of its capacity.
Enhancing Cognitive Restructuring with Concurrent Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Transdiagnostic Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Neacsiu Andrada D. , Beynel Lysianne , Powers John P. , Szabo Steven T. , Appelbaum Lawrence G. , Lisanby Sarah H. , LaBar Kevin S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionEmotional dysregulation constitutes a serious public health problem in need of novel transdiagnostic treatments.ObjectiveTo this aim, we developed and tested a one-time intervention that integrates behavioral skills training with concurrent repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).MethodsForty-six adults who met criteria for at least one DSM-5 disorder and self-reported low use of cognitive restructuring (CR) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial that used a between-subjects design. Participants were taught CR and underwent active rTMS applied at 10 Hz over the right (n= 17) or left (n= 14) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) or sham rTMS (n= 15) while practicing reframing and emotional distancing in response to autobiographical stressors.ResultsThose who received active left or active right as opposed to sham rTMS exhibited enhanced regulation (ds = 0.21 - 0.62) as measured by psychophysiological indices during the intervention (higher high-frequency heart rate variability, lower regulation duration). Those who received active rTMS over the left DLPFC also self-reported reduced distress througout the intervention (d= 0.30), higher likelihood to use CR, and lower daily distress during the week following the intervention. The procedures were acceptable and feasible with few side effects.ConclusionsThese findings show that engaging frontal circuits simultaneously with cognitive skills training and rTMS may be clinically feasible, well-tolerated and may show promise for the treatment of transdiagnostic emotional dysregulation. Larger follow up studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of this novel therapeutic approach.