bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific inhibition of Streptococcus bovis by endolysin LyJH307 supplementation shifts the rumen microbiota and metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism
Authors: KIM Han Been , Park Tansol , Kwon Inhyuk , Seo Jakyeom 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Ruminal acidosis negatively affects the animal production and performances of high-performance cattle by abnormal balancing of the rumen microbiota, which caused significant economic damage to farmers. Endolysins, the bacteriophage-originated peptidoglycan hydrolases, are a promising replacement of antibiotics due to their immediate lytic activity and no evidence of antibiotic resistance. The objectives of this study were to investigate the lytic activity of Streptococcus bovis specific endolysin LyJH307 against S. bovis and explore changes in rumen fermentation and microbiota in an in vitro system. Treatments consisted of corn grain with protein elution buffer and corn grain with endolysin LyJH307 (LyJH307, 0.2% of dietary dry matter). The rumen bacterial community was analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, followed by the prediction of microbial functional features by using PICRUSt2.Results: Endolysin LyJH307 supplementation at 6 h incubation time markedly decreased the absolute abundance of S. bovis (approximately 70%) and increased ruminal pH at the end of the incubation. There were no significant changes in gas production, in vitro dry matter degradability, and total volatile fatty acid production. The acetate proportion was significantly increased after LyJH307 addition, whereas propionate was decreased, thereby inducing an increase of acetate to propionate ratio in LyJH307. LyJH307 supplementation increased D-lactate without any change in L-lactate concentration. Among the alpha diversity indices, there were no significant differences in Shannon’s index, Simpson’s index, Chao1 estimates, and evenness. Based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrices, the LyJH307 affected the overall shift in ruminal microbiota. Endolysin LyJH307 supplementation induced an increase of 11 genera containing Lachnoclostridium, WCHB1-41, unclassified genus Selenomonadaceae, Paraprevotella, vadinBE97, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, Lactobacillus, Anaerorhabdus furcosa group, Victivallaceae, Desulfuromonadaceae, and Sediminispirochaeta. The predicted functional features represented by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were changed by LyJH307 toward a decrease of carbohydrate metabolism.Conclusions: Endolysin LyJH307 caused a reduction of S. bovis and an increase of ruminal pH with concomitant shifts in minor rumen microbiota and its metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism. This study provides the first insight into the availability of endolysin as a specific modulator for rumen and shows the possibility of endolysin degradation by rumen microbiota.
Ecological Effects on Female Bill Color Explain Plastic Sexual Dichromatism in A Mutually-Ornamented Bird
Authors: Freitas Rita , Marques Cristiana , Cardoso Gonçalo C. , Trigo Sandra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sex differences in ornamentation are common and, in species with conventional sex roles, are generally thought of as fixed, due to stronger sexual selection on males. Yet, especially in gregarious species, ornaments can also have non-sexual social functions, raising the possibility that observed sex differences in ornamentation are not fixed. For example, females may invest in costly ornamentation more plastically, to protect body and reproductive ability in more adverse ecological conditions. We tested this hypothesis with experimental work on the mutually-ornamented common waxbill (Estrilda astrild), supplementing their diets either with pigment (lutein, a carotenoid) or non-pigment (vitamin E) antioxidants, or alleviating winter cold temperature. We found that both lutein and vitamin E supplementation increased red bill colour saturation in females, reaching the same mean saturation as males, which supports the hypothesis that female bill colour is more sensitive to environmental or physiological conditions. The effect of vitamin E, a non-pigment antioxidant, suggests that carotenoids were released from their antioxidant functions. Alleviating winter cold did not increase bill color saturation in either sex, but increased the stability of female bill color over time, suggesting that female investment in bill color is sensitive to cold-mediated stress. Together, results show that waxbill bill sexual dichromatism is not fixed. Instead, sexual dichromatism can be modulated, and even disappear completely, due to ecology-mediated plastic adjustments in female bill color.
Spatio-temporal analysis of droughts in the Lake Chilwa Basin, Malawi
Authors: Kambombe Oscar Clement , Ngongondo Cosmo , Eneya Levis , Monjerezi Maurice , Boyce Clement 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Drought phenomena are attributed to water availability deficit that is caused by low precipitation. However, droughts are quite complex and cannot simply be defined on the basis of precipitation as other factors may have an influence. In this study, we investigated the spatio-temporal patterns of droughts in Lake Chilwa Basin, an endorheic lake basin that has recently experienced major recurrent lake recessions. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at six- and twelve-month timescales were used to evaluate drought severity variations from 1970 to 2018, in relation to the recessions. The stationarity difference in rainfall between 1973 to 1995 and 1996 to 2018 and climatological trends were tested using Mann-Whitney and Mann-Kendall tests, respectively. The El Niño Southern Oscilation (ENSO) influence on rainfall was also investigated. In general, the results show a statistically insignificant decreasing rainfall trend, coupled with statistically significant temperature increase (a=0.05). In addition, both indices broadly detected droughts within similar category ranges and variation patterns, suggesting minimal influence of temperature on droughts compared to rainfall. The study also reveals that not every ENSO event leads to low rainfall in the basin. It is further shown that unlike past major recessions e.g., 1994/95, recent lake dry-ups of 2012 and 2015 were as a result of milder droughts. Moreover, the trigger threshold of lake dry-ups is shown to have shifted; such that average annual rainfall below 1000mm is likely to yield a dry-up in recent times than before, which may be attributable to anthropogenic pressure.
The Life of N.Ya. Danilevsky. Biographic Essay
Authors: Danilevskaya Olga N. , Danilchenko Irina R. , Tenny Olga V. 
Published: March 2021

Biographic essay of Ya.N. Danilevsky was written by his direct descendants on the basis of available archival documents, memoirs of contemporaries, supplemented by family letters, photographs and legends. The essay describes all the most important stages of Danilevsky's life, starting with his studying at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, participation in the Petrashevsky circle, imprisonment in the Peter and Paul Fortress, exile to Vologda, work in the Caspian expedition of K.M. Baer, and life in the Crimea at the Mshatka estate, where the fundamental works «Russia and Europe» and «Darwinism. Сritical Rsearch» were written. The image of Nikolai Yakovlevich as a highly moral, humane, kind person, capable of compassion and mercy is revealed. The descendants of N.Ya. Danilevsky sacredly honor the memory of their great ancestor and for six generations tirelessly work to perpetuate his memory. Through the efforts of the descendants, a tombstone was erected on the grave of the philosopher in the Cypress Hall on the territory of his former estate Mshatka in Crimea.
Influence of Exercise on Stress and Depression
Authors: NAGEL Merav 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
There is evidence in human subjects that aerobic physical exercise boosts the immune system, influences stress hormone levels and depressive feelings (Brenner, Shek, Zamecnik, & Shephard, 1998). Moderate physical exercise can prevent detrimental effects of stress and depression as a result of the interaction between the neuroendocrine system and the immune system post aerobic exercise (Fleshner, 2000). In this study, the contribution of intensity and duration of exercise to modulation of stress responses were assessed. Physical exercise modulation of the response to a stressful threatening event was examined in rats at the behavioral and biochemical levels. At the behavioral level, the following parameters were measured: anxiety (Elevated Plus Maze, Startle reflex response measures), depression (Learned helplessness) exploratory orientation (Open field) and of cognitive abilities (Spatial learning and memory, active avoidance). At the biochemical level, alterations in the basal concentrations of neurosteroids and in responsiveness to stress were measured.
In response to acute stress there is a rapid increase in neurosteroids (Vllee, Rivera, Koob, Purdy, & Fitzgerald, 2000). The neurosteroid allopregnanolone has been shown to be a potent ligand of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptors. It enhances its receptor-mediated inhibitory effects in the rat (Guo et al., 1995; Pericic, Svob, Jazvinscak, & Mirkovic, 2000). The neurosteroid 3 alpha, 5 alpha THP acts like an antidepressant drug. It interacts with the central delta receptor, which has antidepressant-like effects (Khisti, Chopde, & Jain, 2000; Reddy, Kaur, & Kulkani, 1998).
進行適量運動能夠產生正面的健康影響，運動與身體免疫系統、壓力賀爾蒙和憂鬱情況的相關研究，經已得到確定。本文嘗試以不同的運動強度及時期，並用白鼠作用受試對象，去探討運動與壓力兩者的生理變化。
Review of Various Step Test Protocols for Use in Assessing Aerobic Fitness in Schools
Authors: CHEUNG Peggy PY 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
Among the commonly used field tests, the step test is a practical field assessment that provides acceptable validity and resolves the concerns on space and time requirement for implementation in Hong Kong schools. The present paper reviews various step test protocols and discusses the concerns on step test implementation. Recommendation on step test implementation in assessing children’s aerobic fitness in school setting was discussed.
在眾多的場地測試中，台階測試是其中一項適合作為應用在學校之心肺耐力測試的方法，本文旨在介紹不同台階測試的模式，以及討論有關研究及應用台階測試之相關事項。
Rooting Response of Boxwood Cultivars to Hot Water Treatment and Thermal Sensitivity ofCalonectria henricotiaeandC. pseudonaviculatain Diseased Boxwood (Buxusspp.)1
Authors: Shishkoff Nina , Miller Megan E. , Cubeta Marc. A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBoxwood blight is caused by Calonectria henricotiae (Che) and C. pseudonaviculata (Cps). Unrecognized symptoms on Buxus cuttings used for propagation could potentially serve as a source of inoculum and result in pathogen spread. In this study, cuttings of boxwood (Buxus spp.) cultivars ‘Justin Brouwers', ‘Nana', ‘Green Beauty', and ‘Green Velvet' were assessed for root production after exposure to 45 C (113 F) or 47.5 C (118 F) water for 0 to 60 minutes in 5 minute increments. The number of roots greater than 1 cm (0.4 in) in length produced by cuttings of all cultivars three months after treatment in 45 C water for up to 60 minutes was not statistically different from the non-immersed control. A similar response was observed for cuttings of all cultivars treated in 47.5 C water for up to 60 minutes, except for cv. ‘Nana,' which produced fewer roots than the non-immersed control after 35 minutes of exposure to heated water. Experiments conducted on diseased, detached boxwood leaves of susceptible cultivar ‘Justin Brouwers' at 47.5 C, 50 C (122 F) or 52.5 C (127 F) showed significantly reduced production of conidia and viability of Che and Cps after 25 to 30 minute exposure to 47.5 C water (44%) or 12 minute exposure to 50 C water (22%). After 8 minutes of exposure to 52.5 C water, little or no sporulation was observed for either pathogen.Index words: Boxwood blight, Calonectria pseudonaviculata, Calonectria henricotiae, Buxus, hot water treatment, rooting, cuttings, plant propagation.Species used in this study: Boxwood blight [Calonectria henricotiae Gehesquière, Heungens and J.A. Crouch and C. pseudonaviculata (Crous J.Z. Groenewald & C.F. Hill) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf & Crous] Boxwood [Buxus sempervirens L. ‘Justin Brouwers'; Buxus sinica (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) M. Cheng var. insularis (Nakai) M. Cheng ‘Nana'; B. sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa'×B. sinica var. insularis ‘Green Beauty', and B. sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa' × B. sinica var. insularis ‘Green Velvet'].
Ndibeer and Ned Ride Again
Authors: Partridge Karen Mary 
Published: March 2021

This article tells a dialogical story and describes a process of mutual learning and embodiment over the course of a long therapeutic relationship. The article maps the development of relationship, between my inner voices, my supervisors and those of my client, where stories of self and other are articulated, elaborated and externalised using the metaphor of a "bundle of treasures". A self-reflexive process of personal and professional mapping, using the hierarchical model of the Coordinated Management of Meaning, is described. In a recursive and isomorphic process, supervisory and therapeutic conversations further elaborate these stories, and through joint action, enable the creation of a liminal, reflexive space, a Fifth Province position, a cauldron of creativity where practice-based theory can develop. This process will be illustrated as it arises in the story of relationship and the process of therapy, so this narrative invites the reader to become an active participant in a never-ending process where theory becomes a live metaphor in the quest for being human
El emprendimiento y sus impactos en la economía por la pandemia Covid-19
Authors: Hu Chan Gidalti Abihail , Kumul Xool Citlaly Itzel Guadalupe , Xool May Roussel Ahiezer , Sánchez Limón Mónica Lorena 
Published: March 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo es llevar a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de las teorías sobre el emprendimiento y sus impactos en las actividades económicas por la crisis sanitaria de la pandemia que se está desarrollando en el mundo actual por COVID-19. Es por ello, que en esta revisión se identifican algunos de esos impactos a través de investigación documental. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se recurrió a diversas bases de datos como; Scopus, Emerald, Redalyc, Ebsco, ResearchGate, Google Académico, así también para obtener más información al realizar este artículo se revisaron los datos de la Comisión Económica de América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) para complementar y dar mayor veracidad. Y por último, se concluye a manera de reflexión con algunas recomendaciones dirigidas hacia los emprendimientos de reciente creación.
Pengembangan Penilaian Otentik Berbasis Website
Authors: Munajah Robiatul 
Published: March 2021

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi semakin lama semakin pesat dibidang teknologi informasi, salah satu contohnya adalah teknologi internet. Pada tingkat pendidikan Sekolah Dasar belum banyak sekolah yang memanfaatkan dengan baik teknologi ini. Seperti layanan untuk mengetahui informasi nilai. Penilaian otentik dalam konteks penilaian karakter merupakan penilaian yang berdasarkan atas kegiatan atau aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh peserta didik. Hal tersebut untuk mengetahui perkembangan kreatifitas, kemampuan, belajar dan karakter peserta didik. Maka dari itu, guru harus mampu mengatur strategi dan mengembangkan model penilaian karakter dalam penilaian otentik berbasis website guna meningkatkan komunikasi antara guru siswa dan orang tua murid. Selain itu, guru berusaha mampu berlaku adil dan mampu menilai atau mengidentifikasi karakteristik yang dimiliki peserta didik. Pengolahan data nilai otentik atau penilaian karakter saat ini masih menggunakan cara manual, proses ini dinilai cukup lamban dan dibutuhkan ketelitian yang tinggi untuk menjaga keakuratan data tersebut. Oleh karena itu diperlukannya pengembangan sistem untuk mengefisienkan waktu dan keakuratan data. Melalui penelitian ini peneliti berusaha untuk mengembangkan suatu produk instrumen penilaian berbasis website yang berdaya guna. Pada penelitian ini produk yang dihasilkan adalah model instrumen penilaian berbasis website sebagai alternatif alat penilaian yang mudah di akses dan bersifat otentik
Peranan United Nations Joint Program On HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Penderita HIV/AIDS Di Zimbabwe
Authors: Asri Nurul Anisa , Badu Muhammad Nasir , Syahdan Pusparida 
Published: March 2021

This study aims to examine the role of UNAIDS in efforts to reduce the rate of HIV / AIDS sufferers in Zimbabwe. The research method used is qualitative with secondary data techniques in the form of books, journals, documents, and various valid sources. All data were analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that UNAIDS as an international organization has become an aid and channel of foreign aid to Zimbabwe in collaboration with the Zimbabwean government to reduce the level of sufferers in the country. The existence of UNAIDS in Zimbabwe has affected the reduction of HIV / AIDS sufferers. However, this collaborative effort has constraints on Zimbabwe's unfavorable economic and human resource conditions. Apart from that, the cultural factor of society which is quite difficult to accept changes in something is also an obstacle.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran UNAIDS dalam upaya penurunan tingkat penderita HIV/AIDS di Zimbabwe. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data-data sekunder berupa buku, jurnal, dokumen, dan berbagai sumber valid. Seluruh data dianalisa secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa UNAIDS sebagai sebuah organisasi internasional menjadi bantuan dan penyalur bantuan luar negeri kepada Zimbabwe bekerja sama dengan pemerintah Zimbabwe untuk mengurangi tingkat penderita di negara tersebut. Keberadaan UNAIDS di Zimbabwe telah mempengaruhi penurunan tingkat penderita HIV/AIDS. Namun, upaya kerjasama ini memiliki hambatan yakni kondisi perekonomian dan sumber daya manusia di Zimbabwe yang kurang baik. Selain itu faktor kebudayaan masyarakat yang cukup sulit menerima perubahan akan suatu hal juga menjadi salah satu hambatan.
Neutronic Calculations for Certain Americium Mixed Fuels and Clads in a Boiling Water Reactor
Authors: Düz Mehtap 
Published: March 2021

In this study, a Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) design was made using the Monte Carlo (MCNPX) method. The reactor core in the designed BWR system was divided into an 8 × 8 square lattice with a constant pitch of 30.48 cm. In this study, americium (Am), which is found in the minor actinidine (MA) of spent nuclear fuel known as nuclear waste from existing reactors, was used as fuel with the addition of oxygen and fluorine. In this study, AmO2 and AmF3 fuels at the rate of 0.02–0.1% were used as Americium Mixed Fuels, and Zircaloy-2 (Zr-2), SiC, and VC were used as clad. Neutronic calculations for certain Americium Mixed Fuels and clads were compared in the designed BWR system. In the BWR system designed in the study; keff, neutron flux, fission energy, heating, and depleted Am were calculated. The three-dimensional (3-D) modeling of the designed BWR system was performed by using MCNPX-2.7.0 Monte Carlo method and the ENDF/B-VII.0 nuclear data library.
Remus: A Web Application for Prioritization of Regulatory Regions and Variants in Monogenic Diseases
Authors: Sztromwasser Paweł , Skrzypczak Damian , Michalak Arkadiusz , Fendler Wojciech 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundAnalysis of variants in distant regulatory elements could improve the current 25–50% yield of genetic testing for monogenic diseases. However, the vast size of the regulome, great number of variants, and the difficulty in predicting their phenotypic impact make searching for pathogenic variants in the regulatory genome challenging. New tools for the identification of regulatory variants based on their relevance to the phenotype are needed.MethodsWe used tissue-specific regulatory loci mapped by ENCODE and FANTOM, together with miRNA–gene interactions from miRTarBase and miRWalk, to develop Remus, a web application for the identification of tissue-specific regulatory regions. Remus searches for regulatory features linked to the known disease-associated genes and filters them using activity status in the target tissues relevant for the studied disorder. For user convenience, Remus provides a web interface and facilitates in-browser filtering of variant files suitable for sensitive patient data.ResultsTo evaluate our approach, we used a set of 146 regulatory mutations reported causative for 68 distinct monogenic disorders and a manually curated a list of tissues affected by these disorders. In 89.7% of cases, Remus identified the regulator containing the pathogenic mutation. The tissue-specific search limited the number of considered variants by 82.5% as compared to a tissue-agnostic search.ConclusionRemus facilitates the identification of regulatory regions potentially associated with a monogenic disease and can supplement classical analysis of coding variations with the aim of improving the diagnostic yield in whole-genome sequencing experiments.
Adverse Life Events: Do Home Care Clients Have Resources for Mastering Them?
Authors: Garms-Homolová Vjenka , Declercq Anja , Finne-Soveri Harriet , Notthoff Nanna , van der Roest Henriëtte G. , van Hout Hein P. J. 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Research on life stressors and adverse life events has a long tradition. Few studies have addressed this topic in connection to very old people. Life stressors, especially major life stressors (MLSs) experienced by clients of home care services in the community have rarely been the subject of studies. Considering this gap, we investigated the prevalence of MLSs in home care clients. We examined the effects that MLSs have on their mood and health status as well as the impact of clients' social resources on MLSs and their outcomes.Method: We used assessment data from 2,884 home care clients in six European countries. The methodological basis was the comprehensive and standardized interRAI Home Care Assessment (interRAI HC).Results: Fifteen point four percent of the sample—that consisted of women and men with an average age of 82.89 years–experienced an MLS in the last 6 months before the assessment. They were more depressed than persons without these experiences, and their health status indicated a higher level of instability and deterioration. At reassessment after 6 months, the situation changed. Despite the fact that both outcomes of the MLSs, depression and health status became worse in the reassessment-sample, home care clients without MLS were more affected by the worsening, especially that of depression. The expected buffering impact of social resources was low.Discussion: Although this study worked with limited information on MLSs, it could contribute to closing various knowledge gaps. The study shows that the MLSs represent a prevalent problem in a population of home care clients and that this problem has negative consequences for their mood and the stability of their health status. Furthermore, this research took up the situation of very old and vulnerable adults, who have previously rarely been considered in studies on major critical life events and stressors.Conclusion and Research Perspective: Future research on MLSs has to take up the issue of the time passage between the MLS and the impact on health and well-being of individuals dependent on care. It has to determine immediate as well as later consequences and identify those factors that are appropriate to reduce the MLS-effects on very old people dependent on care.