bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The miR156b‐GmSPL9d module modulates nodulation by targeting multiple core nodulation genes in soybean
Authors: Yun Jinxia , Sun Zhengxi , Jiang Qiong , Wang Youning , Wang Can , Luo Yuanqing , Zhang Fengrong , Li Xia 
Published: December 2021

Summary

Symbiotic nodulation is initiated in the roots of legumes in response to low nitrogen and rhizobial signal molecules and is dynamically regulated by a complex regulatory network that coordinates rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis.

It has been shown that the miR156‐SPL module mediates nodulation in legumes; however, conclusive evidence of how this module exerts its function during nodulation remains elusive.

Here, we report that the miR156b‐GmSPL9d module regulates symbiotic nodulation by targeting multiple key regulatory genes in the nodulation signalling pathway of soybean. miR156 family members are differentially expressed during nodulation, and miR156b negatively regulates nodulation by mainly targeting soybean SQUAMOSA promoter‐binding protein‐like 9d (GmSPL9d), a positive regulator of soybean nodulation. GmSPL9d directly binds to the miR172c promoter and activates its expression, suggesting a conserved role of GmSPL9d. Furthermore, GmSPL9d was coexpressed with the soybean nodulation marker genes nodule inception a (GmNINa) and GmENOD40‐1 during nodule formation and development. Intriguingly, GmSPL9d can bind to the promoters of GmNINa and GmENOD40‐1 and regulate their expression.

Our data demonstrate that the miR156b‐GmSPL9d module acts as an upstream master regulator of soybean nodulation, which coordinates multiple marker genes involved in soybean nodulation.
A 3D mirroring and colormap asymmetry study of Class II subdivision patients
Authors: Apostolopoulos Konstantinos , Palomo Juan Martin , Rizzante Fabio Antonio Piola , Pugliese Fernando 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionPatients with Class II subdivision malocclusion present skeletal and dental asymmetries. The purpose of this study is to assess those asymmetries by 3D mirroring and colormap quantification.MethodsThis study analyzed 50 initial CBCTs divided into two groups: Class I (control group) and Class II subdivision (study group) malocclusion patients. CBCTs were oriented and full skull was segmented generating a 3D model. The right side of the 3D models was mirrored, using a midsagittal plane as reference, resulting in a perfectly symmetric skull based on two right sides. Original and mirrored models were superimposed on the unchanged right half, and differences were quantified using a colormap. Eight regions of interest were assessed: gonion, mandibular front, maxillary front, zygomatic process, maxillary and mandibular canine and molar areas.ResultsStatistically significant differences using the Mann‐Whitney test were found in six of the eight evaluated areas when comparing the control to the study group. The maxillary skeletal areas did not show any difference between the groups.ConclusionsPatients with Class II subdivision malocclusion show true skeletal and dental asymmetries when comparing right and left sides. The maxilla showed no significant skeletal asymmetry, but the maxillary teeth were positioned more mesially on the Class II side. The maxillary canine on the Class II side was also more bucally positioned. The mandible showed significant asymmetries with both skeletal and dental areas in the Class II side more distally and bucally positioned.
Molar tooth shortening induces learning and memory impairment in Wistar rat
Authors: Ebrahimpour Shiva , Esmaeili Abolghasem , Esmaeili Ali , Sattari Kimiya , Forouzandeh Hafshejani Kimiya 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between different patterns of molar crown loss and the association between symmetrical and asymmetrical shortening molar teeth with memory impairment.Materials and methodsMale Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 10) including control, SLM (shortened left molar), SRM (shortened right molar), and SBM (shortened bilateral molar) groups. Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance test (PAT) were performed to assess spatial and fear memory, respectively. Besides, histological assessment of hippocampus and gingival tissues was done.ResultsIn the MWM test, SBM and SLM groups had higher escape latency over training trials and spent less time in the target quadrant in the probe trial (p < 0.01). In the PAT, step‐through latency was significantly reduced in three groups, and time spent in the dark compartment increased in SBM (p < 0.01) and SLM (p < 0.05) groups. In addition, each teeth shortening group indicated a reduction in density (p < 0.01) and thickness layer (p < 0.05) of pyramidal cells. Gingival was normal after shortening of the molar crown.ConclusionsDifferent patterns of molar teeth shortening induced learning and memory impairment; however, symmetrical molar teeth shortening has more effects on memory impairment.
Fsr quorum sensing system modulates the temporal development of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm matrix
Authors: Ali Islam A. A. , Lévesque Celine M. , Neelakantan Prasanna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractQuorum sensing (QS) is a cell‐to‐cell communication process that regulates major pathogenic attributes in bacteria including biofilm formation, secretion of virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance. The two‐component Fsr–QS system of the nosocomial pathogen Enterococcus faecalis controls the production of extracellular gelatinase that contributes to biofilm development by enhancing the release of nucleic acids into the biofilm matrix. However, the contribution of this system to the deposition of other biofilm matrix components such as polysaccharides and proteins remains unknown. Using wild type and mutant strains, we discovered that biofilm formation was attenuated by inactivation of the Fsr system or its downstream gelatinase production. Inactivation of the Fsr system caused a modest, yet significant reduction in biofilm metabolic activity without affecting cell counts. Inactivation of the QS‐signal sensor FsrC and response regulator FsrA resulted in decreased extracellular polysaccharides and proteins in biofilms in a temporal manner. Irrespective of biofilm age, eDNA levels were reduced in the gelatinase mutant strain. Our results collectively suggest that the Fsr system contributes to the temporal deposition of polysaccharides and proteins into the extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS) of E. faecalis biofilm, without affecting bacterial viability. This understanding of the role of the Fsr–QS system in biofilm development may reveal a novel target to develop effective antibiofilm agents to tackle E. faecalis‐mediated infections such as in dental root canals, heart valves, and surgical sites.
Technical notes on prism‐dioptre and Prentice's rule
Authors: Faria‐e‐Sousa Sidney J 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo show an alternative interpretation for prism‐dioptre and access Prentice's rule accuracy.MethodsAlgebraic calculation.ResultsThe prism‐dioptre can be expressed as a percentage of the distance between the prism and the plane of prismatic dislocation. Prentice's rule is an imprecise mathematical expression prone to expressive errors.ConclusionsThe prism‐dioptre seems to be more informative when interpreted as a percentage. Prentice's rule is more effective as a pedagogical approach for introducing the concept of spherical lenses' prismatic image dislocation rather than a method for calculating its actual value.
Binocular visual function and fixational control in patients with macular disease: A review
Authors: Sverdlichenko Irina , Mandelcorn Mark S , Issashar Leibovitzh Galia , Mandelcorn Efrem D , Markowitz Samuel N , Tarita‐Nistor Luminita 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor normally sighted observers, the centre of the macula—the fovea—provides the sharpest vision and serves as the reference point for the oculomotor system. Typically, healthy observers have precise oculomotor control and binocular visual performance that is superior to monocular performance. These functions are disturbed in patients with macular disease who lose foveal vision. An adaptation to central vision loss is the development of a preferred retinal locus (PRL) in the functional eccentric retina, which is determined with a fixation task during monocular viewing. Macular disease often affects the two eyes unequally, but its impact on binocular function and fixational control is poorly understood. Given that patients’ natural viewing condition is binocular, the aim of this article was to review current research on binocular visual function and fixational oculomotor control in macular disease. Our findings reveal that there is no overall binocular gain across a range of visual functions, although clear evidence exists for subgroups of patients who exhibit binocular summation or binocular inhibition, depending on the clinical characteristics of their two eyes. The monocular PRL of the better eye has different characteristics from that of the worse eye, but during binocular viewing the PRL of the better eye drives fixational control and may serve as the new reference position for the oculomotor system. We conclude that evaluating binocular function in patients with macular disease reveals important clinical aspects that otherwise cannot be determined solely from examining monocular functions, and can lead to better disease management and interventions.
Proprioceptive and Clinical Outcomes after Remnant Preserved Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Assessment with Minimal Confounding Factors
Authors: Liu Yufeng , Li Chunbao , Ma Ning , Qi Wei , Gao Feng , Hu Bo , Zhang Baiqing , Li Zhongli , Liu Yujie , Wei Min 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the proprioceptive and clinical function of the knee joint after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with various amounts of remnant preserved with as few confounding factors as possible.MethodsThis retrospective study included 46 patients who underwent ACLR with remnant preservation between March 2013 and February 2019. These patients had less than 6 months injury‐to‐surgery interval and no concomitant injuries. The researchers divided these subjects into two groups based on the length of the remnant preserved after ACLR, with group A defined as having more than 1/3 of the original length preserved and group B defined as less than 1/3 of the original length preserved. Clinical scores were obtained using the Lysholm knee scoring scale and the Tegner activity scale. The Lysholm score was calculated preoperatively, at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, and at the last follow up. The Tegner score was calculated preoperatively, at 12 months postoperatively and at the last follow up. Anterior laxity was measured using the KT2000 arthrometer preoperatively and at 12 months postoperatively. Proprioceptive function was evaluated through reproduction of passive positioning (RPP) and threshold to detection of passive motion (TDPM). Both RPP and TDPM were measured at the angle of 15° at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Unpaired t‐tests were performed to investigate the difference in each parameters between the two groups.ResultsIn the present study, 20 patients were classified into group A and 26 into group B. All patients were followed up for an average of 34.70 ± 12.79 months. All 46 patients were satisfied with the outcome of the surgery and no complications were reported at the end of the study. No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of the Lysholm score and anterior laxity by KT2000 at all time points. The Tegner score was significantly higher in group A at 12 months postoperatively and at the final follow‐up. In addition, group A's RPP was significantly better than that of group B's when tested at the angles of 15° and 30° at 3 months postoperatively, and at the angle of 15° at 6 months postoperatively. Group A's TDPM was also significantly better than that of group B's at all three tested angles at 3 months postoperatively, and at the angle of 15° at 6 months postoperatively.ConclusionPatients with ACLR with more than 1/3 of the original length preserved demonstrated a higher activity level 12 months postoperatively and better proprioceptive function at 15° of extension at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.
Electrocardiographic predictors of atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke
Authors: de Leon Ana , Neira Victor , Alhammad Nasser , Hopman Wilma , Hansom Simon , Chacko Sanoj , Simpson Chris , Redfearn Damian , Abdollah Hoshiar , Arauz Antonio , Baranchuk Adrian , Enriquez Andres 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmpiric anticoagulation is not routinely indicated in patients with cryptogenic stroke without documentation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Therefore, identification of patients at increased risk of AF from this vulnerable group is vital.ObjectivesTo identify electrocardiographic (ECG) predictors of AF in patients with cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) undergoing insertion of an implantable cardiac monitor (ICM).MethodsIn this single‐center study, 48 patients with cryptogenic stroke or TIA had an ICM implanted for detection of AF between January 2013 and September 2019. Patients with and without AF were compared in terms of p‐wave duration and a novel index (MVP score).ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up of 16 ± 14 months, AF was detected in seven patients (15%). Diagnosis of AF was made after a mean of 10 ± 14 months, with time to first AF detection ranging between 1 and 40 months. Patients with AF had a longer p‐wave duration (136 ± 9 ms vs. 116 ± 10 ms; p = .0001) and a higher MVP score (4.5 ± 1.2 vs. 2.0 ± 0.9, p = .0001) than those without AF. Advanced interatrial block (IAB) was observed in 43% of patients with ICM evidence of AF and 0% of those without AF (p = .002). Age, LA size or LVEF were not predictors of AF.ConclusionAn increased p‐wave duration, advanced IAB and high MVP score are associated with AF occurrence in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Identifying patients with these markers may be helpful as they may benefit from more exhaustive and prolonged monitoring.
An exploration of citizens' professionalism in coproducing social care services
Authors: Jaspers Sylke , Tuurnas Sanna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCitizens' involvement in public service delivery challenges the principles of professionalism as such citizens are amateurs. However, there is little evidence of the (non)integration of these principles by citizen coproducers and how this affects professionalism in public service delivery. This article focuses on two principles of professionalism: expertise and accountability. The theoretical framework further reviews the coproduction literature on what can be expected of citizens with regard to these principles and elaborates on the concept of amateurism. The concepts of professionalism and amateurism form the framework for the analysis of citizen coproducers' identity. Empirically, this paper presents two case studies of social services in the European context. The results show that these citizen coproducers to a certain extent create a professional identity, tend to stay away from integrating accountability, and introduce elements of amateurism. The presence and guidance of public servants in coproduction can ensure accountability and streamline amateurism.
Aerosolized drug delivery in awake and anesthetized children to treat bronchospasm
Authors: Anderson Natalie , Clarke Sarah , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryBronchospasm is a common respiratory adverse event in pediatric anesthesia. First‐line treatment commonly includes inhaled salbutamol. This review focuses on the current best practice to deliver aerosolized medications to awake as well as anesthetized pediatric patients and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various administration techniques. Additionally, we detail the differences between various airway devices used in anesthesia. We highlight the unmet need for innovation of orally inhaled drug products to deliver aerosolized medications during pediatric respiratory critical events such as bronchospasm. It is therefore important that clinicians remain up to date with the best clinical practice for aerosolized drug delivery in order to prevent and efficiently treat pediatric patients experiencing life‐threatening respiratory emergencies.
Incidence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and the comorbidity scores in pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 cases
Authors: Ergenc Zeynep , Kepenekli Eda , Çetin Ece , Ersoy Ayşenur , Korkmaz Billur , Selçik Raziye , Sarınoğlu Rabia Can , Karahasan Ayşegül 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to determine the incidence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) in pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases and to define the relationships between the need for hospitalization, the development of MIS‐C, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Pediatric Comorbidity Index (PCI) scores.MethodsAll pediatric COVID‐19 cases between March 25, 2020, and December 28, 2020, in the Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital were enrolled. Patients who needed hospitalization were determined. Hospital records were re‐examined to identify those diagnosed as having MIS‐C. The CCI and PCI were used to validate the comorbidity status.ResultsAmong 2,055 pediatric COVID‐19 cases, 1,340 were included in the study, and 213 patients (15.9%) had at least one comorbidity. All the patients or their parents were interviewed about the need for hospitalization, except for the acute period. Six patients had MIS‐C, which corresponds to a MIS‐C incidence of 0.4%. The need for hospitalization increased in the patients with comorbidities (P < 0.05). No correlation was found between the comorbidity scores and the development of MIS‐C. The need for hospitalization increased in the patients with CCI scores of ≥2 and PCI scores of ≥4 (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur study is the first to examine the incidence of MIS‐C, which was 0.4%, by long‐term follow up of pediatric COVID‐19 cases and to demonstrate that the CCI and PCI can be used to predict the need for hospitalization and prognosis of pediatric patients with COVID‐19.
Variations in sustained home visiting care for mothers and children experiencing adversity
Authors: Kanda Kie , Blythe Stacy , Grace Rebekah , Elcombe Emma , Kemp Lynn 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the variations in care received by mothers and families within a sustained home visiting program. We sought to identify the extent to which there were variations in home visiting care in response to the program schedule and families’ risk factors.Design and sampleData collected within the right@home program, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) for a sustained nurse home visiting intervention in Australia, were analyzed. A total of 352 women comprised the intervention arm of the trial.MeasurementsVisit content in the home visiting program, sociodemographic data, and families’ risk factors were used for analysis.ResultsOur results confirmed that the majority of women received scheduled content on time or within an acceptable timeframe, except for the sleeping program. Women with identified risks were significantly more likely to receive content related to those risks than women without those risks (smoking: Odds Ratio [OR] = 15.39 [95%CI 3.7–64.7], mental health: OR = 15.04 [1.8–124.0], domestic violence: OR = 4.07 [2.0–8.3], and drugs and alcohol: OR = 1.81 [1.1–3.0]).ConclusionsThe right@home program had high compliance with the scheduled content. Capacity development in responding to mothers with the risk of domestic violence and drugs and alcohol is recommended. Further research is required to explore the relationship between variations in care and critical outcomes.
Chinese infection‐control strategies for COVID‐19 prevention: A qualitative study with confirmed cases
Authors: Huang Feifei , Chen Wei‐Ti , Sun Wenxiu , Zhang Lin , Lu Hongzhou 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to describe how the prevention and controlling strategies have been experienced by COVID‐19 patients in China, especially those who had passed through the suspected, diagnosed, hospitalized, and recovery stages of the disease.DesignA descriptive qualitative study followed the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines.SamplesCOVID‐19 patients were recruited from a COVID‐19‐designated facility in Shanghai, China, from April to June 2020, by the purposive sampling method.MethodsSemi‐structured, in‐depth interviews by cell phone were used and transcriptions were analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis method.ResultsWe recruited 26 COVID‐19 patients. Three theme categories emerged from the data analysis. The first was “Consciously adhere to COVID‐19‐related controlling strategies.” The second category was “Positive experiences of the COVID‐19‐related controlling strategies.” These patients experienced a quick and adequate medical response, confident in the medical system, or received help from community workers. The third category was “Negative experiences of the COVID‐19‐related controlling strategies.” These patients experienced psychological distress, stigma, privacy exposures, and inconveniences from the controlling strategies.ConclusionsIt is urgent to develop a culturally sensitive intervention to eliminate the psychological distress and stigma of patients with COVID‐19 and to protect their privacy during and after the pandemic.
Psychometric validation of the children's environmental health questionnaires in community nurses
Authors: Miao Kangkang , Chen Qin , Fang Huili , Liu Siyu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo translate, cross‐cultural adapt and psychometrically validate the Children's Environmental Health Knowledge Questionnaire (ChEHK‐Q) and the Children's Environmental Health Skills Questionnaire (ChEHS‐Q) for community nurses in China.DesignThis was an observational, cross‐sectional study undertaken in two phases: (1) translation and cultural adaptation process; (2) psychometric evaluation.SampleA total of 294 nurses from 23 community health service centers in cities of Henan province participated in the study.MethodsThese two questionnaires were analysed psychometrically based on IRT. ChEHK‐Q was analyzed based on basic Rasch Model, and ChEHS‐Q based on Rating Scale Model (RSM). EFA, expert validity, threshold analysis, retest reliability, item and individual reliability were used to evaluate the psychometric attributes of these two questionnaires.ResultsThe Infit and Outfit values for most items are within reasonable limits. The person reliability of ChEHK‐Q was 0.85 and the item reliability was 0.97. The person reliability of ChEHS‐Q was 0.94 and the item reliability was 0.93. The test‐retest reliability of the ChEHK‐Q was 0.85 and the ChEHS‐Q was 0.87.ConclusionsChEHK‐Q and ChEHS‐Q are reliable and valid instruments with satisfactory psychometric properties for nurses in China. Future studies should recruit a more representative sample to verify the applicability of these two questionnaires.