bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing 3D and NLTE models using APOGEE observations of globular cluster stars
Authors: Masseron T. , Osorio Y. , García-Hernández D. A. , Prieto C. Allende , Zamora O. , Mészáros Sz. 
Published: January 2021

Context. Hydrodynamical (or 3D) and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) effects are known to affect abundance analyses. However, there are very few observational abundance tests of 3D and NLTE models.
Aims. We developed a new way of testing the abundance predictions of 3D and NLTE models, taking advantage of large spectroscopic survey data.
Methods. We use a line-by-line analysis of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) spectra (H band) with the Brussels Automatic Code for Characterizing High accUracy Spectra (BACCHUS). We compute line-by-line abundances of Mg, Si, Ca, and Fe for a large number of globular cluster K giants in the APOGEE survey. We compare this line-by-line analysis against NLTE and 3D predictions.
Results. While the 1D–NLTE models provide corrections in the right direction, there are quantitative discrepancies between different models. We observe a better agreement with the data for the models including reliable collisional cross-sections. The agreement between data and models is not always satisfactory when the 3D spectra are computed in LTE. However, we note that for a fair comparison, 3D corrections should be computed with self-consistently derived stellar parameters, and not on 1D models with identical stellar parameters. Finally, we focus on 3D and NLTE effects on Fe lines in the H band, where we observe a systematic difference in abundance relative to the value from the optical. Our results suggest that the metallicities obtained from the H band are more accurate in metal-poor giants.
Conclusions. Current 1D–NLTE models provide reliable abundance corrections, but only when the atom data and collisional cross-sections are accurate and complete. Therefore, we call for more atomic data for NLTE calculations. In contrast, we show that 3D corrections in LTE conditions are often not accurate enough, thus confirming that 3D abundance corrections are only valid when NLTE is taken into account. Consequently, more extended self-consistent 3D–NLTE computations need to be made. The method we have developed for testing 3D and NLTE models could be extended to other lines and elements, and is particularly suited for large spectroscopic surveys.
The mental representation of sounds in speech sound disorders
Authors: Pathi Soujanya , Mondal Prakash 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate facets of the human phonological system in an attempt to elucidate the special nature of mental representations and operations underlying some of the errors in speech sound disorders (SSDs). After examining different theories on the mental representations of sounds and their organization in SSDs, we arrive at the conclusion that the existing elucidations on the phonological representations do not suffice to explain some distinctive facets of SSDs. Here, we endorse a hypothesis in favor of representationalism but offer an alternative conceptualization of the phonological representations (PR). We argue that the PR is to be understood in terms of a phonological base that holds information about a segment’s acoustic structure, and which interacts with other levels in the speech sound system in the mind so as to produce a certain sound. We also propose that the PR is connected to an interface module which mediates interactions between the PR and the articulatory system (AS) responsible for the physical manifestation of speech sounds in real time by way of the coordination of activities of speech organs in the vocal tract. We specifically consider different stages of operations within the interface, a specialized system within the cognitive system, which can explain patterns in the SSD data that have so far remained elusive. Positioned between the PR and the AS, the interface module is the heart of the current study. The presence of an interface module is necessitated by the fact that not all errors of SSDs are explainable in terms of structural, motor or even the symbolic misrepresentations at the level of PR. The interface acts as a mediating system mapping sound representations onto articulatory instructions for the actual production of sounds. The interface module can receive, process, and share the phonological inputs with other levels within the speech sound system. We believe an interface module such as ours holds the key to explainingat leastcertain speech disarticulations in SSDs.
Understanding mindfulness outcomes: a moderated mediation analysis of high-performance work systems
Authors: Jha Sumi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to explain the possible outcomes of mindfulness. The research studied the relationship between mindfulness and employee voice behaviour, affective commitment, job satisfaction, and burnout. The research added one contextual variable, high-performance work system, as a moderator. The sample of the study was faculty members of higher education (management) schools. The sample size was 1092 faculty members. Moderated mediation analysis was used to analyse the data and understand the positive as well as the negative relationship of high-performance work system. Findings indicated the significant positive relationship of mindfulness with employee voice behaviour, affective commitment, and job satisfaction. The research found a negative relationship between mindfulness and burnout. The moderated mediation analysis revealed the significant interaction effect of high-performance work system and mindfulness on consequence variables. To conclude the author found that the mindfulness practice is important for faculty members of higher education. Further the research concluded that mindfulness may enhance employee voice behaviour, which in turn increases satisfaction and commitment and reduces burnout. Such relationship is possible under high performance work system context.
Optimization of the co-axial dispensing nozzle of a 3D bioprinter for the fabrication of tubular structures with micro-channel encapsulation
Authors: Xiong Shaoping , Chen Yang , Jia Wanbo , Yang Xuyang , Liu Kun , Li Chong , Ling Gang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The 3D bio-printing has been developed as an effective approach to artificially create tubular tissue structures, which have been frequently found in body and organ systems. China Agricultural University (CAU) has developed a laboratory 3D bio-printer that can create tubular structures with the encapsulation of microfluidic channel. In order to create a tubular structure with more effective micro-channel encapsulation for better nutrient delivery and chemical stimulation, this work presents a design optimization of co-axial dispensing nozzle of this 3D bio-printer. In this study, an experimentally validated two-phase flow computational fluid dynamics modeling tool based on ANSYS CFX has been developed to analyze the microfluidic domain of fluid channels inside the nozzle. The simulations on the extrusion and encapsulation process of bio-inks have been conducted. Based on the response surface method, the simulation work has established an equation to predict the volume fraction of the encapsulating layer against a variety of influencing factors including the size of extrusion nozzle, pneumatic pressure condition and the dynamic viscosity of the bio-ink. This equation has been used to recommend optimal solutions of printing parameters for the CAU bio-printer, which is expected to improve the quality of bio-printed tubular structure with an encapsulation.
Elastic electron scattering from chlorobenzene
Authors: da Mata V A S , Hlousek B A , Bardela F P , da Silva A J , Sakaamini A , Homem M G P , Khakoo M A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We report a joint theoretical–experimental investigation on elastic electron scattering by chlorobenzene in the low- and intermediate-energy ranges as a part of a collaborative project established between the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) and the California State University (CSUF). More specifically, experimental elastic differential cross sections (DCS), in the incident electron energy range of 1.0 to 800 eV and scattering angle range of 10° to 130°, were measured using the crossed-beam relative-flow technique. Integral and momentum-transfer cross sections were determined from the numerical integration over the experimental DCS. Theoretically, elastic differential, integral, and momentum-transfer cross sections were calculated using a combination of a molecular complex optical potential model with the Padé approximant technique for impact energies ranging from 1.0 to 150 eV. Further calculations of DCS were performed at an energy range of 20 to 500 eV using the independent-atom model. Our results, which significantly extend available electron scattering cross sections for this target, are compared to existing theoretical and experimental data in the literature.
Photon-spin-dependent contribution to the

P,T

-odd Faraday rotation effect for atoms
Authors: Chekhovskoi S D , Chubukov D V , Skripnikov L V , Petrov A N , Labzowsky L N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The photon-spin-dependent (PS) contribution to the ordinary Faraday effect—optical rotation in an external magnetic field

H

⃗

is well known. This contribution is proportional to factor

(

s

⃗

p
h

⋅

H

⃗

)

where

s

⃗

p
h

is the photon spin. Recently a

P
,
T

-odd Faraday effect—optical rotation in an external electric field

E

⃗

—was discussed as a promising tool for observation of the electron electric dipole moment in the intra-cavity absorption spectroscopy. In the present paper, we introduce the PS contribution to the

P
,
T

-odd Faraday rotation effect. This contribution is proportional to

(

s

⃗

p
h

⋅

E

⃗

)

and has to be taken into account in the calculations of the

P
,
T

-odd Faraday effect.
Induced transparency based subwavelength acoustic demultiplexers
Authors: Gu Tianyu , Cheng Yi , Wen Zhihui , Ei Boudouti EI Houssaine , Jin Yabin , Li Yong , Djafari-Rouhani Bahram 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Wave demultiplexers transporting desired wavelengths towards proper directions or ports are attracting numerous interests and applications in both physical and engineering areas. In acoustics, there is still a lack of compact and simple designs to achieve demultiplexers in three-port systems. In this work, we propose such a design using Helmholtz resonators where the frequency selection is based on the phenomenon of acoustically induced transparency (AIT). First, a modified transfer matrix method is derived to analytically describe and analyze the AIT effect with Helmholtz resonators. Then, the good performances of wave routing in these designs are further demonstrated by both simulation and experiment. These AIT based demultiplexers are subwavelength and simple in their designs. Therefore, they are promising for various potential applications such as signal processing, information communication and sensing.
Feasibility of lasing in the GaAs Reststrahlen band with HgTe multiple quantum well laser diodes
Authors: Afonenko Alexander , Ushakov Dmitrii , Alymov Georgy , Dubinov Aleksandr , Morozov Sergey , Gavrilenko Vladimir , Svintsov Dmitry 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Operation of semiconductor lasers in the 20–50 µm wavelength range is hindered by strong non-radiative recombination in the interband laser diodes, and strong lattice absorption in GaAs-based quantum cascade structures. Here, we propose an electrically pumped laser diode based on multiple HgTe quantum wells with band structure engineered for Auger recombination suppression. Using a comprehensive model accounting for carrier drift and diffusion, electron and hole capture in quantum wells, Auger recombination, and heating effects, we show the feasibility of lasing at λ = 26, …, 30 µm at temperatures up to 90 K. The output power in the pulse can reach up to 8 mW for microsecond-duration pulses.
Effect of logarithmic perturbations in ohmic like spectral densities in dynamics of electronic excitation using variational polaron transformation approach
Authors: De Silva Nisal , Warnakula Tharindu , Gunapala Sarath D , Stockman Mark I , Premaratne Malin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Electronic excitation energy transfer is a ubiquitous process that has generated prime research interest since its discovery. Recently developed variational polaron transformation-based second-order master equation is capable of interpolating between Förster and Redfield limits with exceptional accuracy. Forms of spectral density functions studied so far through the variational approach provide theoretical support for various experiments. Recently introduced ohmic like spectral density function that can account for logarithmic perturbations provides generality and exposition to a unique and practical set of environments. In this paper, we exploit the energy transfer dynamics of a two-level system attached to an ohmic like spectral density function with logarithmic perturbations using a variational polaron transformed master equation. Our results demonstrate that even for a relatively large bath coupling strength, quantum coherence effects can be increased by introducing logarithmic perturbations of the order of one and two in super-ohmic environments. Moreover, for particular values of the ohmicity parameter, the effect of logarithmic perturbations is observed to be insignificant for the overall dynamics. In regard to ohmic environments, as logarithmic perturbations increase, damping characteristics of the coherent transient dynamics also increase in general. It is also shown that, having logarithmic perturbations of the order of one in an ohmic environment can result in a less efficient energy transfer for relatively larger system bath coupling strengths.
Insights into the hydrogen-bond cross-linking effects of small multiamine molecules on physical and mechanical properties of poly(vinly alcohol) by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Li Lujuan , Xu Xiaodong , Song Pingan , Cao Qianqian , Qiao Xin , Xu Zhiguang , Yang Yang , Zuo Chuncheng , Wang Hao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Small organic multiamine and multihydroxyl molecules have great potential for enhancing overall properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) through the cross-linking effect of hydrogen bonds. However, experimentally there remains a remarkable lack of insightful understanding of the cross-linking effect on a molecular level. In the work, we report molecular dynamics simulations to reveal the cross-linking effect of hydrogen bonds of tetraaminopyrimidine (4N-2456) molecules on the structure, chain dynamics and mechanical properties of the PVA matrix. It was found that the addition of 4N-2456 leads to a nonlinear decrease of the free volume of PVA. A critical concentration of 4N-2456, about 5 wt%, was identified, resulting in the formation of 4N-2456 clusters. At this concentration, the PVA chains show the relatively slow mobility, the higher glass transition temperature and elastic modulus. Further increasing the 4N-2456 concentration enhances aggregation, and conversely weakens the interactions of hydrogen bonds between the PVA chains. Our work offers an understanding of how the 4N-2456 molecules influence the PVA chain dynamics and mechanical properties of the PVA matrix on molecular level.
Mechanically stable superhydrophobic nanostructured aluminum mesh with reduced water surface friction
Authors: Taghvaei Ehsan , Afzali Neda , Taghvaei Nastaran , Moosavi Ali 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces demonstrate significant characteristics which make them suitable for a wide variety of applications. In this study, we propose a facile, one-step, and cost-effective anodizing scheme using aluminum nitrate/stearic acid mixture solution to create a superhydrophobic surface on an aluminum mesh. The surface outperforms the surface anodized by the widely used oxalic acid solution in terms of superhydrophobicity and water-surface friction behavior. The proposed surface reduced the friction by 11% on average respective to the surface prepared by oxalic acid. The durability of the introduced superhydrophobic surface has also been investigated. The proposed surface retained its high water contact angle and showed higher hydrophobicity relative to the surface anodized by oxalic acid after ten abrasion cycles. This method and surface may be used for numerous applications due to its ease of fabrication, low cost, and excellent performance in energy-loss reduction.
Experience gravity in the classroom using the rubber sheet: an educational proposal from the collaboration between university and school
Authors: Postiglione Adriana , Angelis Ilaria De 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Teaching modern physics in high school is of increasingly importance as it can offer students a more realistic and updated vision of the world, and can provide an opportunity to understand the most recent scientific discoveries. In this context, general relativity (GR) occupies a prominent place, since it is related to astonishing scientific results, such as the first image of a black hole or the discovery of gravitational waves. In this paper we describe an educational proposal aimed at teaching GR in high schools in a fun and playful way using the so-called rubber sheet analogy. We present a set of instructions to build a simple and low-cost space-time simulator, and a series of related educational cards that guide the teacher in the implementation of the activities step by step. This work is the result of a long and productive debate among Italian high school teachers who have collaborated for many years with the Department of Mathematics and Physics of Roma Tre University in Rome. As our proposal relies on the collaboration with the final users, we believe that it will meet their needs and expectations, and it will help to treat GR in high school more and more over time.
The cooling of a swede—part of an EUSO CSI challenge
Authors: Pendrill Ann-Marie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents preparations, execution and reflection on results for the physics part of a CSI task for the European Union Science Olympiad 2010, taking place at the University of Gothenburg. The participants were required to make a graph of the cooling of a swede (Brassica
napus), as a proxy for the cooling of a murder victim, and to choose a mathematical expression for the cooling curve, as well as assigning an approximate time of death.
Physics of a hula hoop
Authors: Cross Rod 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A hula hoop rotating around a person’s waist is an example of circular motion where the centripetal force on the hoop is directed towards the centre of the circle rather than the centre of the hoop. The friction force on the hoop is relatively small by comparison since the hoop rolls around the waist. A slight complication is that the hoop rotates in an elliptical path if the waist rotates back and forth in a straight line or if the waist rotates in an elliptical path. Three simple experiments are described to illustrate the physics involved.
Fast calculation of 3D radiofrequency ablation zone based on a closed-form solution of heat conduction equation fitted by ex vivo measurements
Authors: Chen Rendong , Zhang Jianfeng , Kong Dexing , Lou Qiong , Lu Fang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Fast calculation or simulation of the ablation zone induced by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has a critical role in hepatic RFA planning and therapy. However, it remains challenging to approximate the ablation zone in real time, especially when more than one probe is involved in one ablation session. This paper presents a novel computational technique to calculate the 3D ablation zone of one probe RFA and two-probe switching RFA. The main idea is to get an approximate solution of the temperature distribution from a simplified Pennes bioheat equation, and further fit the solution to the coagulation measurements on ex vivo porcine liver. With a closed-form solution of temperature distribution, the calculation of the ablation zone is as simple as the commonly used ellipsoidal model, but it allows a more realistic prediction of combined ablation zones with different inter-probe spacing. The new approximation technique could potentially replace the original ellipsoidal model in the intervention planning step.
Predictive analysis for triton burnup ratio in HL-2A and HL-2M plasmas
Authors: Ogawa Kunihiro , Zhang Yipo , Zhang Jie , Sangaroon Siriyaporn , Isobe Mitsutaka , Liu Yi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The expected triton burnup ratio was analyzed based on numerical simulation to study the feasibility of demonstrating energetic particle confinement through 1 MeV triton burnup experiments in HL-2A and HL-2M. Calculations were conducted using LORBIT, a collisionless Lorentz orbit code, and FBURN, a neutron emission calculation code based on the classical confinement of energetic particles. First, the orbit loss and radial distribution of the tritons were evaluated using the LORBIT code. The LORBIT code revealed that all tritons were lost within ∼10−6 s in HL-2A, whereas in HL-2M, most of the tritons were still confined at 10−3 s. The FBURN code calculated the deuterium–tritium neutron emission rate using the radial distribution of 1 MeV tritons. The predictive analysis found that nearly no deuterium–tritium neutrons remained in HL-2A at a plasma current of 160 kA. Also, in HL-2M, a significant triton burnup ratio could be obtained at the relatively high plasma currents of 1MA, 2MA, and 3MA. This analysis predicts that the triton burnup ratio exceeds 1% under relatively high plasma current conditions.
Microdischarges properties in sDBD: the role of the exposed electrode oxidation
Authors: Selivonin I , Moralev I 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The properties of microdischarges (MDs) in a surface barrier discharge, operating on various electrode materials are studied by current measurements and submicrosecond photography. Based on these data, the dynamics and statistics of MDs at various phases of the applied voltage are analyzed. It is shown that differences in oxide layer structure on the electrode edge strongly affect the spatial organization of the discharge and the properties of the current pulses.
Optical modeling of high-performance GaAs based photodetector with periodic right triangular texturization on nanopillar arrays structure
Authors: Baruah Smriti , Bora Joyatri , Maity Santanu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The high spectral responsivity of a photodetector depends upon proficient light absorption. In this respect, surface reflectance possesses a serious threat to the effective light absorption mechanism resulting in poor quantum efficiency. This paper presents an analytical investigation of a GaAs based periodic right triangular cut textured vertical nanopillar structural model deployed over a 50 μm × 50 μm planar front detector’s surface in reducing surface reflectivity. The geometrical analysis of the proposed model exhibits a 99.9% absorbance and 0.85 A W−1 photoresponsivity at 0.8 μm operating wavelength with a mere 0.5 μm depletion width.