bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kernel local outlier factor‐based fuzzy support vector machine for imbalanced classification
Authors: Wang Kefan , An Jing , Yu Zibo , Yin Xingshu , Ma Chao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe problem of imbalanced data classification has become a research hotspot in the field of machine learning. Fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM) is an imbalanced classification processing method based on cost‐sensitive theory. The existing methods have cost‐sensitive, causing the prior distribution estimation of data inaccurate. This article proposes a novel FSVM algorithm based on the kernel local outlier factor (KLOF‐FSVM) for this problem. KLOF calculates the local outlier factor of the sample in the kernel space and assigns an appropriate membership value to the sample. This process enables the algorithm to obtain the distribution information of the data better. Compared with the algorithm based on distance only, KLOF has better robustness. It can expand the value range of majority class samples' membership degree to better balance the important relation between the minority class and the majority class. We selected some datasets in the Keel data repository and used cross‐validation to obtain the algorithm's effect under different evaluation indexes such asG‐Mean,F1 measure, and area under curve. By comparing with other algorithms, preliminary results show that this method has better classification quality.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Reversible Sulfide/Iodide Exchange in Fluoroalkyl Sulfides Enabled by Electron Donor‐Acceptor Complex Formation
Authors: van der Worp Boris A. , Kosobokov Mikhail D. , Dilman Alexander D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCatalyst‐free visible‐light‐mediated exchange of two photoredox active groups, a 4‐perfluoropyridinylthio group and an iodide group, attached to a fluorinated alkyl fragment is described. The reaction can be preparatively performed in both directions by appropriate choice of wavelength, solvent, and counterion. In the forward reaction, alkyl sulfide interacts with an iodide anion to give alkyl iodide and a thiolate anion, with the driving force provided by blue light (455 nm). In the backward process, fluorinated alkyl iodide interacts with the thiolate under violet light (400 nm). The reactions proceed through the formation of electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complexes, which were observed by UV/Vis absorption or NMR spectroscopies. Evidence of the sulfur–iodide interaction was supported by X‐ray analysis.
Arsenic trioxide induces differentiation of cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma through inhibition of LIF/JAK1/STAT3 and NF‐kB signaling pathways synergistically
Authors: Zhang Xin , Hu Bo , Sun Yun‐Fan , Huang Xiao‐Wu , Cheng Jian‐Wen , Huang Ao , Zeng Hai‐Ying , Qiu Shuang‐Jian , Cao Ya , Fan Jia , Zhou Jian , Yang Xin‐Rong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveDifferentiation‐inducing therapy for tumors is a strategy that aims to induce the differentiation and maturation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The differentiation‐inducing capacity of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying mechanism were previously unknown.MethodsIn the present study, we explored the ATO‐induced differentiation of CSCs in HCC by detecting the expression of CSC‐related markers and tumorigenicity variation in vivo and in vitro. We developed a combined chemotherapeutic approach to HCC by characterizing the effects of combinatorial treatment with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)/cisplatin and ATO in vitro and in patient‐derived xenograft models. Changes in gene expression patterns were investigated by gene microarray analysis.ResultsATO effectively induced differentiation of CSCs by downregulation of CSC‐related genes and suppression of tumorigenicity capability. Combinatorial treatment with ATO and 5‐FU/cisplatin significantly enhanced therapeutic effects in HCC cells compared with the treatment with 5‐FU/cisplatin alone. Synergistic inhibition of the LIF/JAK1/STAT3 and NF‐kB signaling pathways by ATO and 5‐FU/cisplatin is a potential molecular mechanism underlying the differentiation effect.ConclusionsATO induced the differentiation of HCC CSCs and potentiated the cytotoxic effects of 5‐FU/cisplatin through synergistic inhibition of the LIF/JAK1/STAT3 and NF‐kB signaling pathways. These results offer new insights for the clinical treatment of HCC.
Biosignal classification for human identification based on convolutional neural networks
Authors: Siam Ali I. , Sedik Ahmed , El‐Shafai Walid , Elazm Atef Abou , El‐Bahnasawy Nirmeen A. , El Banby Ghada M. , Khalaf Ashraf A.M. , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHuman identification is considered as a serious challenge for several applications such as cybersecurity and access control. Recently, the trend of human identification has been directed to human biometrics, which can be used to recognize persons based on some physiological or behavioral characteristics that they own, such as fingerprint, iris, and biosignals. There are several types of human biosignals including electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. This paper presents a human identification system based on PPG signals. The proposed system consists of three main phases: signal acquisition, signal pre‐processing, and feature extraction/classification. The pre‐processing phase involves denoising of the acquired signal, transformation of the 1D signal sequence into a 2D image, and computation of the spectrogram. Feature extraction is carried out on the images obtained from the pre‐processing phase. Features are extracted from the images based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The proposed CNN model consists of a sequence of convolutional (CNV) and pooling layers. Finally, the obtained feature maps are fed to the classifier to discriminate human identities. The proposed identification algorithm is applied on signals with and without an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm achieves an accuracy of 99.5% with the spectrogram representation and 89.8% with the 2D image representation, in the absence of noise. In addition, the paper gives a discussion of the efficiency of denoising techniques such as wavelet denoising, Savitzky–Golay and Kalman filtering, when involved with the proposed algorithm. The simulation results prove that the wavelet dencoising technique has a best performance among the discussed noise reduction techniques.
Blockchain‐based patient centric health care communication system
Authors: Naresh Vankamamidi S. , Reddi Sivaranjani , Allavarpu V.V.L. Divakar 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe rapid increase in health care data breaches with the existing centralized systems emphasizes a decentralized health care system while ensuring reliability, privacy, security, and trust. Further, to ensure trust in the medical community, scientist, and pharmaceutical, it is essential to improve the quality of health care data management. In this direction, we proposed a blockchain‐based decentralized privacy‐preserving EMR management (DPEM), which can ensure accountability and integrity. We propose a four‐layered framework for DPEM consisting of a data preparation layer, access control and security layer, data sharing layer, and data storage layer with the objectives: (i) To provide privacy‐preserving in DPEM, we propose a new elliptic curve‐based content extraction signature (EC‐CES) through which patients can exclude EMR's sensitive information to eradicate leakage of privacy information in the data sharing process. (ii) To provide secure data sharing, blockchain smart contracts are used to define the predefined access permissions of the patients. (iii) To provide secure storage, we use a cloud facility to store actual EMRs, and consortium blockchain is used to store respective indexes of EMRs so that the data leakages of EMRs could be optimized and simultaneously, indexes in consortium blockchain will take care the integrity of EMRs. (iv) To provide access control in data sharing, we adopted ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption (CP‐ABE) access control policy to empower the owners of data to secure the cloud storage and give access to authorized users through the encrypted link to the cloud storage with access control policies blinded. Finally, the security analysis demonstrates that DPEM is an optimized way of achieving EMRs secure data sharing.
Ecohydrological characteristics of a newly identified coastal raised bog on the western Olympic Peninsula, Washington State, USA
Authors: Rocchio F. Joseph , Gage Edward , Ramm‐Granberg Tynan , Borkenhagen Andrea K. , Cooper David J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn western North America, ombrotrophic bogs are known to occur as far south as coastal regions of British Columbia. A recent discovery of a peatland with a raised peat surface on the western Olympic Peninsula in Washington State (Crowberry Bog), USA, suggested that the distribution range of this ecosystem type extends further south along the coast. To confirm if the site was an ombrotrophic peatland, we analysed its topography, hydrologic regime, water chemistry and vegetation. LiDAR data indicated that the peatland is elevated nearly 3 m above the surrounding landscape. Water table variations in the plateau were strongly associated with seasonal and daily precipitation events, indicating ombrotrophy. The hydraulic gradient on the plateau is downward through most of the year, demonstrating that precipitation is percolating vertically into deeper peat layers. In the rand, the hydraulic gradients are horizontal over much of the year, indicating that the plateau is draining through the rand to the lagg. Calcium, magnesium and potassium occur in very low concentrations, and the only ions in higher concentration are sodium and chloride, suggesting inputs of precipitation influenced by Pacific Ocean sea spray. Distinct vegetation composition and structure are associated with the plateau, rand and lagg zones of the site. These multiple lines of evidence indicate that Crowberry Bog is an ombrotrophic peatland, the first of its type identified in the conterminous western USA and the most southerly occurrence of its type in western North America.
Comparison of levosimendan, NO, and inhaled iloprost for pulmonary hypertension reversibility assessment in heart transplant candidates
Authors: Tavares‐Silva Marta , Saraiva Francisca , Pinto Roberto , Amorim Sandra , Silva João Carlos , Leite‐Moreira Adelino F. , Maciel Maria Júlia , Lourenço André P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsAssessing reversibility of pulmonary vascular changes through vasoreactivity testing (VRT) optimizes end‐stage heart failure patient selection for heart transplant. All efforts should be made to unload the left ventricle and reduce pulmonary vascular resistance to effectively exclude irreversible pulmonary hypertension.Methods and resultsWe reviewed our centre's cardiac transplant registry database (2009–2017) for VRT and compared haemodynamic responses with 40 ppm inhaled NO (n = 14), 14–17 μg inhaled iloprost (n = 7), and 24 h 0.1 μg/kg/min intravenous levosimendan (n = 14). Response to levosimendan was assessed by repeat right heart catheterization within 72 h. Baseline clinical and haemodynamic features were similar between groups. VRT was well tolerated in all patients. All drugs effectively reduced pulmonary artery pressures and transpulmonary gradient while increasing cardiac index, although levosimendan had a greater impact on cardiac index increase (P = 0.036). Levosimendan was the only drug that reduced pulmonary artery wedge pressure (P = 0.004) and central venous pressures (P < 0.001) and increased both left and right ventricular stroke work indexes (P = 0.020 and P = 0.042, respectively) and cardiac power index (P < 0.001) compared with NO and iloprost. Right ventricular end‐diastolic pressures and central venous pressure were only decreased by levosimendan. The rate of positive responses (≥10 mmHg decrease or final mean pulmonary artery pressure ≤40 mmHg with increased/unaltered cardiac index) was lower with inhaled iloprost (14%) than with either levosimendan or NO (71% and 64%, respectively; P < 0.05).ConclusionsLevosimendan may be a safe and effective alternative for pulmonary hypertension reversibility assessment or a valuable pre‐test medical optimization tool in end‐stage heart failure patient assessment for heart transplantation offering extended haemodynamic benefits. Whether it increases the rate of positive responses or allows a better selection of candidates to heart transplantation remains to be established.
Functional outcomes with Carillon device over 1 year in patients with functional mitral regurgitation of Grades 2+ to 4+: results from the REDUCE‐FMR trial
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Siddiqi Tariq Jamal , Butler Javed , Friede Tim , Levy Wayne C. , Witte Klaus K. , Lipiecki Janusz , Sievert Horst , Coats Andrew J. Stewart 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsThe objective of this study was to compare functional outcomes through 1 year in patients with core‐lab verified moderate to severe (Grades 2+ to 4+) functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) treated with the Carillon device or control in the blinded sham‐controlled REDUCE‐FMR (Carillon Mitral Contour System for Reducing Functional Mitral Regurgitation) study.Methods and resultsThe main outcomes of this analysis were the change in 6 min walk test (6MWT) distance, incidence of heart failure hospitalization or death, change in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, and change in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) score through 1 year of follow‐up. The minimum clinically important difference (MCID) was defined as a ≥30 m increase in 6MWT distance, an NYHA decrease in ≥1 class, and a ≥3 point increase in KCCQ score. The proportion of patients achieving the MCID in each treatment group was compared using Fisher's exact test, and the number needed to treat (NNT) with the Carillon device was calculated. Among 83 patients (62 Carillon and 21 sham), no statistically significant group differences were observed in the baseline characteristics. All outcomes at 1 year numerically favoured the Carillon group, including MCID for the 6MWT distance (59% vs. 23%, P = 0.029; NNT = 2.8), NYHA class (48% vs. 33%, P = 0.38; NNT = 6.9), KCCQ score (69% vs. 47%, P = 0.14; NNT = 4.5), and freedom from heart failure hospitalization or death (60% vs. 48%, P = 0.45; NNT = 8.3).ConclusionsREDUCE‐FMR was the first blinded sham‐controlled trial to report outcomes with percutaneous therapy for the treatment of FMR. Trends towards improvement in mean 6MWT distance, KCCQ score, and NYHA class were observed with the Carillon device. A substantially higher number of patients achieved MCID for all patient‐centred outcomes with the Carillon device compared with the sham procedure.
Long‐term outcomes of children with severe chronic pain: Comparison of former patients with a community sample
Authors: Wager Julia , Ruhe Ann‐Kristin , Stahlschmidt Lorin , Leitsch Kathrin , Claus Benedikt B. , Häuser Winfried , Brähler Elmar , Dinkel Andreas , Kocalevent Rüya , Zernikow Boris 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundFindings on the short‐ and long‐term effectiveness of intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT) for children with severe chronic functional pain are promising. However, a definitive appraisal of long‐term effectiveness cannot be made due to a lack of comparison groups. The aim of the present study was to compare the health status of former patients with the health status of an age‐ and sex‐matched comparison group from the community.MethodsData from two samples, a clinical sample of former patients (n = 162; aged 14 to 26) and an age‐ and sex‐matched community sample (n = 162), were analysed. Former patients provided data 7 years after IIPT. Pain characteristics, physical and mental health status, autonomy, coping and health care utilisation were compared between the two samples.ResultsSeven years after treatment, the majority (58%) of the clinical sample were completely pain‐free. Compared to the community sample, the clinical sample demonstrated worse physical and mental health and continued to seek more frequent health care, irrespective of whether or not they experienced ongoing chronic pain. However, the clinical sample reported better coping strategies and a comparable level of autonomy.ConclusionPatients experiencing severe chronic pain in childhood who engage in IIPT are likely to have recovered from their pain in early adulthood. Long‐term treatment effects may manifest in better coping strategies. However, reduced mental and physical health status may indicate a negative long‐term effect of early chronic pain experiences or a general vulnerability in people developing a chronic pain condition in childhood.SignificanceThe majority of severely impaired paediatric chronic pain patients no longer suffer from chronic pain seven years after intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment. However, former patients have worse physical and mental health status than a community sample, and continue to seek out more frequent health care utilisation, irrespective of whether or not they continue to experience chronic pain. Therefore, potential negative long‐term effects of childhood chronic pain experiences need specific attention early on.
Tackling the Challenge of Extracting Microplastics from Soils: A Protocol to Purify Soil Samples for Spectroscopic Analysis
Authors: Möller Julia N. , Heisel Ingrid , Satzger Anna , Vizsolyi Eva C. , Oster S.D. Jakob , Agarwal Seema , Laforsch Christian , Löder Martin G.J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Microplastic pollution in soils is an emerging topic in the scientific community, with researchers striving to determine the occurrence and the impact of microplastics on soil health, ecology, and functionality. However, information on the microplastic contamination of soils is limited because of a lack of suitable analytical methods. Because micro-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (µ-FTIR), next to Raman spectroscopy, is one of the few methods that allows the determination of the number, polymer type, shape, and size of microplastic particles, the present study addresses the challenge of purifying soil samples sufficiently to allow a subsequent µ-FTIR analysis. A combination of freeze-drying, sieving, density separation, and a sequential enzymatic-oxidative digestion protocol enables removal of the mineral mass (&gt;99.9% dry wt) and an average reduction of 77% dry weight of the remaining organic fraction. In addition to visual integrity, attenuated total reflectance FTIR, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry showed that polyamide, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyvinyl chloride in the size range of 100 to 400 µm were not affected by the approach. However, biodegradable polylactic acid showed visible signs of degradation and reduced molecular weight distribution after protease treatment. Nevertheless, the presented purification protocol is a reliable and robust method to purify relatively large soil samples of approximately 250 g dry weight for spectroscopic analysis in microplastic research and has been shown to recover various microplastic fibers and fragments down to a size of 10 µm from natural soil samples. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:844–857. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
A novel purification sequence for natural soil samples undergoing microplastic analysis.
Local infusion of ropivacaine for pain control after osseous free flaps: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Roof Scott , Ferrandino Rocco , Eden Caroline , Khelemsky Yury , Teng Marita , Genden Eric , DeMaria Samuel , Miles Brett A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundDonor site pain after osteocutaneous free flap surgery contributes to postoperative morbidity and impairs recovery. We evaluated the efficacy of local infusion of ropivacaine for treating donor‐site pain after surgery.MethodsWe conducted a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of patients undergoing osteocutaneous fibula or scapular tip free flaps for head and neck reconstruction at Mount Sinai Hospital. Patients were randomized to receive local infusion of ropivacaine or saline. We compared Visual Analog Scale pain scores for donor‐site specific pain 48 hours after surgery.ResultsThere were 8 fibular free flap and 10 scapular free flap reconstructions. Average donor‐site pain scores were 29 ± 22 and 31 ± 28 mm (P = .88) for placebo and ropivacaine arms, respectively. The trial was stopped after the planned interim analysis for futility of the intervention.ConclusionsLocal infusion of ropivacaine did not affect donor‐site specific pain scores in this population.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03349034.
Inhibition of HSP90 causes morphological variation in the invasive ant Cardiocondyla obscurior
Authors: Schrader Lukas , Winter Miles , Errbii Mohammed , Delabie Jacques , Oettler Jan , Gadau Jürgen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCanalization underlies the expression of steady phenotypes in the face of unsteady environmental conditions or varying genetic backgrounds. The chaperone HSP90 has been identified as a key component of the molecular machinery regulating canalization and a growing body of research suggests that HSP90 could act as a general capacitator in evolution. However, empirical data about HSP90‐dependent phenotypic variation and its evolutionary impact is still scarce, particularly for non‐model species. Here we report how pharmacological suppression of HSP90 increases morphological variation up to 87% in the invasive ant Cardiocondyla obscurior. We show that workers treated with the HSP90 inhibitor 17‐DMAG are significantly more diverse compared to untreated workers in two of four measured traits: maximal eye distance and maximal propodeal spine distance. We further find morphological differentiation between natural populations of C. obscurior in the same traits that responded to our pharmacological treatment. These findings add support for the putative impact of HSP90 on canalization, the modularity of phenotypic traits, and its potential role in morphological evolution of ants.
CircVAPA exerts oncogenic property in non‐small cell lung cancer by the miR‐876‐5p/WNT5A axis
Authors: Zhao Yan , Dai Qiangsheng , Fu Xiaohong , Chen Qianqi , Tang Yueqiang , Gao Xiaoping , Zhou Qiming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most fatal malignant tumors. Emerging studies have clarified the crucial roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the tumorigenesis of cancers. CircVAPA was demonstrated to function in some human cancers. The present study aimed to investigate the role of circVAPA in NSCLC.MethodsA quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of genes. Actinomycin D and RNase R were employed to examine the stability of circVAPA. Cell‐counting kit‐8, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, Transwell and sphere formation assays, and well as western blot analysis, were conducted to examine the changes of NSCLC cells in response to circVAPA knockdown. A luciferase reporter assay was conducted for the molecular mechanism.ResultsOur findings demonstrated high expression of circVAPA in tissues and cell lines of NSCLC. Knockdown of circVAPA had a suppressive effect on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and stemness, and also inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circVAPA acted as a competing endogenous RNA to up‐regulate WNT5A by sponging miR‐876‐5p. Moreover, circVAPA activated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling by up‐regulation of WNT5A. Rescue assays showed that silencing of miR‐876‐5p or overexpression of WNT5A reversed the circVAPA knockdown‐mediated inhibition on cellular processes in NSCLC.ConclusionsCircVAPA promotes aggressive phenotypes of NSCLC cells by the miR‐876‐5p/WNT5A axis activating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling.