bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Journey for Digital Well Delivery Technology Adoption: The How and Why
Authors: Kucs Richard , Ripperger Georg , Doschek Markus , Sonnleitner Natascha , Szemat-Vielma Waldemar , Mouzali Nadjib , Roy Sonali , Lepp Becky 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As part of the industry 4.0 revolution, digital technologies are forever changing the way we do things. native cloud applications are able to adapt to specific processes and requirements, particularly those related to well construction planning driven by an automated collaborative solution. The operator of the future will use its engineers mainly for engineering analysis and social interactions, while the system will take over tasks such as orchestration, data mining, and experience management.
Based on the definition of a new way of working and the application of new workflows, a thorough trial process was required to evaluate the solution usability and to define the minimum viable product requirements to be developed within a strategic partnership prior to rolling out the technology. The requirement was to enable globally dispersed teams, even across company borders, collaborating through automatically orchestrated processes, supported by knowledge and experience management systems in the background, to deliver a digital drilling program and ultimately accelerate the field development program.
The operator decided to prove the concept through a series of pilots within a well-educated well planning team. Major assumptions to the business case were tested while planning actual drilling operations with the purpose to de-risk the value proposition. All different tested elements are captured by the users and the gaps to the final solution are ranked for joint development. The back-end interoperability of the solution supports a fully connected model, where data from subsurface systems can directly feed the well construction planning platform. The automated updates in the end-to-end workflow would ultimately simplify the way drilling engineers work, but also upscale the nature of their work by including many new elements as part of the routing analysis.
Supported by the cloud computer power and flexibility, remote working is seamlessly enabled to removing the classic silos and digitally promote the collaboration. Standardization across the whole organization by corporate managed settings reduces iterative control processes. Furthermore, management of change is a key aspect to consider alongside the technical elements.
The result of the extended trial confirmed that achieving the minimum viable product requirements of the operators was well within reach and confirmed the operator's value case to a large extent.
In this paper we will describe the extended trial process, objectives, and associated workflows, in addition to the collaborative team nominated by both partners. The scope was user centric to assist with competency development and technology adoption. Parallel to confirming the minimum viable product, the extended pilot resulted in a prioritized list of co-developments leading to the full implementation of the operator's vision of a fully integrated well planning workflow.
Examining Relationship Between Safety Culture Maturity and Safety Performance in Oil and Gas Company
Authors: Kusumawati Diah , Erwandi Dadan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Studies show that 80-90% of losses are caused by human failure, both as individuals and organizations. Yet, only 3.4% of organizations have mature processes in place to actively identify, evaluate, and manage their risks. Safety culture, which has been introduced for more than two decades, has been considered as an effective approach to improve safety performance. Having a positive safety culture is now seen as a prerequisite for, and the basis for, good safety performance. Thus, good safety culture is considered a predictor of good safety performance. However, there are only a limited number of studies that examine the relationship between safety culture and safety performance. This study used a safety culture maturity framework and the level of injury as the variables measured at five sites of PT. X. Data for both variables were secondary data obtained directly from PT.X. The five sites were found to have a statistically significant difference between their injury rates but no statistically significant difference was observed between their safety culture maturity scores. The figure for the safety culture maturity in each site can be considered similar, considering that they have implemented a safety management system for more than two decades. At PT. X, the safety culture maturity alone cannot be considered to have a direct correlation with safety performance. There may be several other factors that contribute to safety performance. However, in sites with a high injury rate, a lower SCM score was identified in twelve elements of safety culture maturity when compared to the sites with low injury rates.
The Evolution of CaCO3 Scaling Potential in ADNOC Reservoirs Under Water Flooding and CO2 WAG Scenarios
Authors: Ness Giulia , Sorbie Kenneth Stuart , Al Mesmari Ali Hassan , Masalmeh Shehadeh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Wells producing from an oilfield in Abu Dhabi were investigated to understand the CaCO3 scaling risk at current production conditions, and to predict how the downhole and topside scaling potential will change during a planned CO2 WAG project. The results of this study will be used to design the correct scale inhibitor treatment for each production phase.
A rigorous scale prediction procedure for pH dependent scales previously published by the authors was applied using a commercial integrated PVT and aqueous modelling software package to produce scale prediction profiles through the system. This procedure was applied to run many sensitivity studies and determine the impact of field data variables on the final scale predictions. These results were used to examine the scaling potential of current and future fluids by creating a diagnostic "what if" chart. Some of the main variables investigated include changes in operating pressure, CO2 and H2S concentrations and variable water cut.
Scale prediction profiles through the entire system from reservoir to stock tank conditions were obtained using the above modelling procedure. The main findings in this study are: (i) That CaCO3 scale is not predicted to form at separator conditions under any of the current or future scenarios investigated for these wells. This is due to the high separator pressure which holds enough CO2 in solution to keep the pH low and prevent scale precipitation. (ii) The water at stock tank conditions was found to be the critical point in the system where the CaCO3 scaling risk is severe, and where preventative action must be taken. (iii) Implementing CO2 WAG does not affect CaCO3 scaling risk at separator conditions where fluids remain undersaturated. However, the additional CO2 dissolves more CaCO3 rock in the reservoir producing higher alkalinity fluids which result in more CaCO3 scale precipitation at stock tank conditions. (iv) Fluids entering the wellbore are likely to precipitate some CaCO3 (albeit at a fairly low saturation ratio, SR) due to a significant pressure drop and the relatively high temperature, and this is not associated with the-bubble point in this case. This downhole scaling potential becomes slightly worse by an increase in CO2 concentration during CO2 WAG operations.(v) Scale inhibitor may or may not be required to treat downhole fluids depending on the wellbore pressure drop, but it is always necessary to treat fluids downstream of the separator due to the very high scaling potential at stock tank conditions.
By applying a rigorous scale prediction procedure, it was possible to study the impact of CO2 WAG on the risk of CaCO3 scale precipitation downhole and topside for this field. These results highlight the current threat downhole and at stock tank conditions in particular and show how this will worsen with the implementation of CO2 WAG and this will require a chemical treatment review.
Disposal Wells Integrity Management- Real Time Annulus Pressure Monitoring Through GSM Connectivity to Enhance Well Integrity
Authors: Mohamed Saleem Babar , Kunissery Puliyakotte Janardhanan , Ullalil Mundeth Abullais , Yasein Diaa Mohamed , Al-Muri Mohammed Ali , Yan Jian , Salem Al Ghailani Salah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractADNOC BAB Field has 11 water disposal wells, which are currently being monitored manually.The paper is about the implementation of remote annulus pressure monitoring for water disposal wells. The manual methods of monitoring remote annulis pressure comes in with inherent disadvantages like no continuous monitoring and deployment of our skilled resources for the same. The paper throws light on the present issues faced while using the manual monitoring and how it has been covered when the proposed wireless technology is implemented. Also the paper illustrates, the savings in terms of man power and resources and relevance of the technology to the modern age oil and gas upstream industry considering the scalablity to more number of wells in vast oil fields.
Practical Wash Water & Demulsifer Optimization at Khurais Crude Processing Facility
Authors: Bajuaifer Hatem Abdullah , Malki Mohammed Abdullah , Amminudin Kamarul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper covers practical demulsifer and wash water approach followed by Saudi Aramco Khurais producing facility to optimize the chemical and water consumption.
This Paper is intended to:
Share practical demulsifer and wash water optimization approach. Highlight how this approach enhanced the separation process and how it already helped Saudi Aramco to meet the product quality with minimal operating costs by optimizing operating parameters in the field.
The basic idea of the optimization is to relax the oil - emulsified water separation in HPPT by allowing water carry over to the downstream equipment and vessels through minimizing the demulsifer dosage on the production header to increase the retention time. The optimization process includes manipulating different key parameters (controlled variables) which are demulsifer dosing rate (on production header and dehydrator), wash water dosing rate, de-salting train mixing valves differential pressure and transformers voltage with continues monitoring and corrective actions based on the export specification of BS&W and salts within pre-defined internal limits to avoid having off-spec product (Trial and Error)
This approach resulted in decreasing the operating costs by reducing overall demulsifer dosage by 50%, and allowing the overall separation efficiency to be increased contributing towards enhanced separation. Various graphs included showing the full impact of optimizing the operating parameters on improved separation in dehydrator. From the water conservation, this process resulted in reducing non-potable wash water consumption for crude washing purposes by more than 20,000 gallon/day without compromising the crude specification. This optimization resulted in cost saving equivalent to around US$ 650,000 due to significant demulsifer reduction.
Sustaining such an optimum performance proves to be a challenge and in this regard, the team is focusing heavily on the monitoring efforts that are equipped with the advisory features on what to do should the deviation exist from the stipulated target. This includes, among others, the alerting feature for immediate corrective actions by the team. Overall, this initiative succeeded in maintaining the facility crude quality specifications of BS&W and salts while reducing chemical operating costs, creating positive environmental impacts by saving non-potable wash water while increasing the assets utilization and reliability effectively.
A Microbial Induced Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite with High UV Light Photocatalytic Activity for Tetracycline Degradation
Authors: Zeng Ting , Yan Yujie , Shen Juan , Chen Ke , Tang Mi , Chen Rigui , Guo Zhicheng , Tan Bisheng , Jin Bo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
More and more new materials have been developed, but the research on the development and utilization of the single-phase materials has been neglected. Assembled from nano-particles, a high specific surface area and porous hydroxyapatite (BI-HA) has been synthesized by feasible bacterial induction. The surface structure and morphology of the nanocomposites were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) apparatus, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results suggest the obtained BI-HA powder with porous morphology, which were composed of nanoparticles with (100) crystal plane. The photoactivity of different HA samples was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). The HA with (100) crystal plane displayed an obviously enhanced photocatalytic activity (75.33–86.43% for 60 min). Combined with experiments and DFT calculations, for the BI-HA with (100) crystal plane, it displayed better photocatalytic performance for photodegradation of TC. This study provides a viewpoint to fabricate high-performance nonmetal photocatalyst for wastewater treatment.
Temporal Changes in Key Signal Transduction Pathways Mediating Muscle Protein Synthesis with Adaptive and Maladaptive Right Ventricular Hypertrophy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Middleton Ryan , Fournier Mario , Rogers Russell , Grimes Brandon , Xu Xuan , Lewis Michael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a progressive cardiopulmonary disease and is characterized by occlusive remodeling of pulmonary arterioles and increased pulmonary vascular resistance. With the onset of PAH, the right ventricle (RV) of the heart adapts to the increased afterload pressure by undergoing adaptive hypertrophic remodeling to maintain adequate blood flow. However, for unknown reasons, maladaptive influences ensue, resulting in impaired RV function with progressive decompensation and right heart failure. Using a rodent model of PAH, we evaluated key signaling pathways mediating cardiac muscle protein synthesis in the RV during the adaptive hypertrophy phase, with preserved right heart function, and the decompensated maladaptive phase, in which right heart failure (RHF) was clinically present.MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously with 60mg/kg Monocrotaline (MCT) and RV function was assessed by echocardiography during PAH disease progression. RV tissue was collected during the adaptive and maladaptive phases of PAH and cell signaling pathways involved in survival, hypertrophy, and autophagy, as well as fibrosis and vascularization, were probed using qPCR, Western blotting and histology. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA to compare differences between the independent groups and Student-Newman-Keuls test was used to compare differences within independent groups.ResultsAnalysis of protein and gene expression changes in PAH animals identified three key signaling pathways involved in the shift toward maladaptive right heart failure: i) PI3K/Akt/mTOR; ii) GSK-3; iii) MAPK/ERK, as well as IGF-1 regulation. During adaptive hypertrophy, significant increments of phosphorylated proteins in the three signaling pathways were observed with increases in RV fibrosis and decreased capillarity found. In the maladaptive phase, mTORC1 and its downstream effector p-70S6K were significantly activated, contributing to the decreased LC3-I/II ratio, a marker of autophagy inhibition. Additionally, p27, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, which has been recently implicated in regulating mTOR activity to inhibit autophagy and promote heart failure was significantly downregulated. ConclusionWe propose that autophagy inhibition in conjunction with other maladaptive processes reported in the decompensated RV muscle contributes to the genesis of overt RHF in PAH and that a continuum of changes characterizes the adaptive and maladaptive phases in the RV muscle.
Risk Evaluation and Warning Threshold of Unstable Slope Using Tilting Sensor Array
Authors: Lin Wang , Seko Ichiro , Fukuhara Makoto , Towhata Ikuo , Uchimura Taro , Tao Shangning 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Slope monitoring and early warning systems (EWS) are a promising approach toward mitigating landslide-induced disasters. Many large-scale sediment disasters result in the destruction of infrastructure and loss of human life. The mitigation of vulnerability to slope and landslide hazards will benefit significantly from early warning alerts. The authors have been developing monitoring technology that uses a Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) tilt sensor array that detects the precursory movement of vulnerable slopes and informs the issuance of emergency caution and warning alerts. In this regard, the determination of alarm thresholds is very important. Although previous studies have investigated the recording of threshold values by an extensometer which installation of an extensometer at appropriate sites is also difficult. The authors prefer tilt sensors and have proposed a novel threshold for the tilt angle, which was validated in this study. This threshold has an interesting similarity to previously reported viscous models. Additionally, multi-point monitoring has recently emerged and allows for many sensors to be deployed at vulnerable slopes without disregarding the slope’s precursory local behaviour. With this new technology, the detailed spatial and temporal variation of the behaviour of vulnerable slopes can be determined as the displacement proceeds toward failure.
Irinotecan Resistance – In Search of New Markers in CRC.
Authors: Kryczka Jakub , Boncela Joanna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prominent causes of cancer death worldwide. Chemotherapeutic regimens consisting of different drugs combinations such as 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) or irinotecan (FOLFIRI) have been proven successful in the treatment of CRC. However, chemotherapy often leads to the acquisition of cancer drug resistance followed by metastasis and in the aftermath therapeutic failure. The molecular mechanism responsible for drug resistance is still unclear. The systemic search for new biomarkers of this phenomenon may identify new genes and pathways. To understand the drug resistance mechanism in CRC, the in vitro study based on the molecular analysis of drug-sensitive cells lines vs drug-resistant cells lines has been used. In our study to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo study, we compared the expression profiles of cell lines and patient samples from the publicly available database to select the new candidate genes for irinotecan resistance. Using The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database of CRC cell lines (HT29, HTC116, LoVo, and their respective irinotecan-resistant variants) and patient samples (GSE42387, GSE62080, and GSE18105) we compared the changes in the mRNA expression profile of the main genes involved in irinotecan body’s processing, such as transport out of the cells and metabolism. Furthermore, using a protein-protein interaction network of differently expressed genes between FOLFIRI resistant and sensitive CRC patients, we have selected top networking proteins (upregulated: NDUFA2, SDHD, LSM5, DCAF4, and COX10, downregulated: RBM8A, TIMP1, QKI, TGOLN2, and PTGS2). Our analysis provided several potential irinotecan resistance markers, previously not described as such.
Garcinol Promotes the Formation of Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers by Inhibiting p300-Dependent Acetylation of PGC-1α
Authors: Yao Weilei , Guo Baoyin , Bao Zhengxi , Huang Lu , Wang Tongxin , Wen Shu , Jin Taimin , Yu Xinhong , Huang Feiruo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

The conversion of skeletal muscle fiber from fast twitch to slow-twitch is crucial for sustained contractile and stretchable events, energy homeostasis, and anti-fatigue ability. The purpose of our study was to explore the mechanism and effects of garcinol on the regulation of skeletal muscle fiber type transformation.
Methods

Forty 21-day-old male C57/BL6J mice (n = 10/diet) were fed a control diet or a control diet plus garcinol at 100 mg/kg (Low Gar), 300 mg/kg (Mid Gar), or 500 mg/kg (High Gar) for 12 weeks. The tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus muscles were collected for protein and immunoprecipitation analyses.
Results

Dietary garcinol significantly downregulated (P<0.05) fast MyHC expression and upregulated (P<0.05) slow MyHC expression in the TA and soleus muscles. Garcinol significantly increased (P<0.05) the activity of PGC-1α and markedly decreased (P<0.05) the acetylation of PGC-1α. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that garcinol decreased (P<0.05) lactate dehydrogenase activity and increased (P<0.05) the activities of malate dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase. In addition, the results of immunostaining C2C12 myotubes showed that garcinol treatment increased (P<0.05) the transformation of glycolytic muscle fiber to oxidative muscle fiber by 45.9%. Garcinol treatment and p300 interference reduced (P<0.05) the expression of fast MyHC but increased (P<0.05) the expression of slow MyHC in vitro. Moreover, the acetylation of PGC-1α was significantly decreased (P<0.05).
Conclusion

Garcinol promotes the transformation of skeletal muscle fibers from the fast-glycolytic type to the slow-oxidative type through the p300/PGC-1α signaling pathway in C2C12 myotubes.
Stress-Constrained Topology Optimization Using Approximate Reanalysis with on-the-Fly Reduced Order Modeling
Authors: Xiao Manyu , Ma Jun , Lu Dongcheng , Raghavan Balaji , Zhang Weihong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Most of the methods used today for handling local stress constraints in topology optimization, fail to directly address the non-self-adjointness of the stress-constrained topology optimization problem. This in turn could drastically raise the computational cost for an already large-scale problem. These problems involve both the equilibrium equations resulting from finite element analysis (FEA) in each iteration, as well as the adjoint equations from the sensitivity analysis of the stress constraints. In this work, we present a paradigm for large-scale stress-constrained topology optimization problems, where we build a multi-grid approach using an on-the-fly Reduced Order Model (ROM) and the p-norm aggregation function, in which the discrete reduced-order basis functions (modes) are adaptively constructed for both the primal and dual problems. In addition to reducing the computational savings due to the ROM, we also address the computational cost of the ROM learning and updating phases. Both reduced-order bases are enriched according to the residual threshold of the corresponding linear systems, and the grid resolution is adaptively selected based on the relative error in approximating the objective function and constraint values during the iteration. The tests on 2D and 3D benchmark problems demonstrate improved performance with acceptable objective and constraint violation errors. Finally, we thoroughly investigate the influence of relevant stress constraint parameters such as the coagulation factor, stress penalty factor, and the allowable stress value.
Climate windows of opportunity for plant expansion during the Phanerozoic
Authors: Gurung Khushboo , Field Katie , Batterman Sarah , Godderis Yves , Donnadieu Yannick , Porada Philipp , Taylor Lyla , Mills Benjamin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Plants are likely to have had a profound influence on Earth’s long-term climate through their role in drawing down CO2 and emitting O2 into the atmosphere and their interactions with soils and minerals. Local climatic factors, including water availability, light, and temperature, play a key role in plant physiology and growth and have fluctuated substantially over geological time. However, the impact of these key climate variables on global plant biomass across the Phanerozoic have not yet been established.