bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structures of bis-{N-[1-(pyridin-2-yl-κN)ethylidene]nicotine hydrazide-κ2N’,O}cobalt(II)bis(perchlorate) dihydrate and bis-{N'-[1-(pyridin-2-yl-κN)ethylidene]nicotinohydrazide-κ2N',O}copper(II) perchlorate
Authors: Faye Moussa , Sow Mouhamadou Moustapha , Gaye Papa Aly , Dieng Moussa , Gaye Mohamed 
Published: June 2021

Complexes of Co(II), [Co(C26H24N8O2)]·(ClO4)2·(H2O)2 (1), and Cu(II), [Cu(C26H23N8O2)]·(ClO4) (2), have been synthesized. The prepared two compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared and their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with the following unit cell parameters: a = 8.880 (5) Å, b = 10.529 (5) Å, c = 18.430 (5) Å, α = 99.407 (5)°, β = 102.174 (5)°, γ = 100.652 (5)°, V = 1618.2 (13) Å3, Z = 2, T = 293(2), μ(MoKα) = 0.77 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.582 g/cm3, 16135 reflections measured (5.050° ≤ 2q ≤ 59.152°), 7648 unique, Rint = 0.034 which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.066 (I ≥ 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.22 (all data). The compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with the following unit cell parameters : a = 11.652 (5) Å, b = 16.540 (5) Å, c = 14.512 (5) Å, β = 93.495 (5)°, V = 2791.6 (18) Å3, Z = 4, T = 293(2), μ(MoKα) = 1.05 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.768 g/cm3, 15592 reflections measured (5.624° ≤ 2θ ≤ 58.804°), 6630 unique, Rint = 0.025 which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.050 (I ≥ 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.144 (all data). In both complexes, the ligand acts in a tridentate fashion. In the structure of the mononuclear complex 1, the Co(II) cation is coordinated by two ligand molecules. The basal plane around the Co(II) cation is occupied by two pyridine nitrogen atoms and two carbonyl oxygen atoms. Two imino nitrogen atoms occupy the apical positions of the distorted square-pyramidal geometry. The mononuclear 2 consists of a Cu(II) coordinated by one ligand and one monodeprotonated ligand molecule. The metal center lies in a distorted square bipyramidal environment. The basal plane around the Cu(II) is occupied by two pyridine nitrogen atoms and two carbonyl oxygen atoms, the apical position being occupied by the two imino nitrogen atoms.
Facies Architecture and Sedimentary Structures in the drill cores of Uranium Bearing Sediments of Banganapalle Formation of Palnad Sub-basin, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: GUPTA SHEKHAR , Singh R V , Banerjee Rahul , Verma M B 
Published: June 2021

The Banganapalle Formation, the lowest member of the Neoproterozoic Kurnool Group of rocks, resting over the basement granites, has been identified as the host rock for uranium in Koppunuru area in the western part of Palnad sub-basin. The uppermost arenite facies of the Banganapalle Formation is exposed on surface and shows only few bedform indicators like ripple marks, planer laminations etc. Down-hole lithological examinations on course of core drilling in Koppunuru and adjoining areas identified five recognizable lithofacies of Banganapalle Formation, viz. basal conglomerate unit, quartzite-shale intercalated facies, and two quartz arenite facies separated by a grey shale dominated argillaceous facies.
The polymictic conglomerate, with unsorted grit to pebble size clasts of granite, shale, quartzite, vein quartz and dolerite indicate short distance transportation and derivation from nearby granitoids traversed by quartz reef/dolerite dykes. Cyclic repetitions of arenaceous and argillaceous sediments in Banganapalle lithocolumn above the basal conglomerates point to alternate rhythmic marine transgression and regression regimes. These units can also be discriminated based on their sedimentary texture, bedforms and several soft-sedimentary penecontemporaneous deformational structures (PCD) like load structure, convolute bedding/laminations, and slump structures such as micro-slips, gravity faults and folds. These syn-sedimentary structures clearly indicate perturbation and submergence of the basin contemporaneous to deposition. Cross-beds suggests change in current direction/intensity while bi-directional symmetrical ripples in outcrops of upper arenite facies suggests that the Banganapalle sediments are derived from the basement granitoids exposed to the north as well as upper Cuddapah sediments to its west. Overall, the sedimentary structures, textural and composition variation of the lithounits suggest deposition of these sediments in marginal marine, inter- to supra-tidal flat environment. The porous and permeable nature of the quartz arenite and the basal conglomerates and the presence of available reductants in the form of sulphides and carbonaceous matter make them the best suited loci for fluid movement and precipitation of uranium.
Investigation on Suitability of Argillaceous Rocks of Vindhyan Super Group as Host Rock for Deep Geological Repository using Thermal Analysis
Authors: Pal T.K. , Bajpai R.K. , Acharya A. , Bhatia R. S. , Datta D. 
Published: June 2021

Argillaceous rocks are being considered as a potential host rock for deep geological repository (DGR) for hosting vitrified high level radioactive waste canisters by many countries worldwide. Numerical simulation of thermal evolution in the repository environment is an important study for the long term safety performance assessment of a DGR. In this study, thermal dissipation in the near field area of a conceptual repository in Ganurgarh shales from Bhander Group of Vindhyan Super Group, which is the thickest sedimentary succession of India, has been simulated using commercial software FLAC3D, which solves the governing heat diffusion equation using explicit and implicit finite difference methods. Model parameters like thermal conductivity, specific heat, density of the shales are generated in the laboratory. From the analysis of time dependent temperature profile it is observed that maximum temperature of 70.5oC is attained at canister surface after 22 years of heating for a heat loadings of 500 W/overpack. Since the maximum temperature is well below the permissible limit of temperature (100oC), the heat load of the source is increased to 700 W/overpack and in this case the simulated value of maximum temperature is 93­oC. Maximum temperatures at other locations within the near field region are also within the permissible limit.
Sediment Budget and Sediment Trap efficiency of Baglihar Hydroelectric project Reservoir – a calibrated model for prediction of longevity of the Dam
Authors: Kumar Romesh , HAQ AHSAN UL , Bhat G M , Singh Yudhbir , Dar Javid Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

The field investigation of the reservoir area of Baglihar Hydropower project shows that the sediment budget to the reservoir is controlled by fragile rock type like shales, sandstones, phyllites and slates, soil characteristics, steep hill slopes, rainfall and landslides. The rocks are highly weathered, fissile and micaceous in nature and very sensitive to water absorption. The analysed sediments are characterised by dominance of sands, silts and clays with lower values of plasticity (14.3PL), liquidity (23.5 LL), cohesion (118) and shear strength (202 Kpa). The slope wash deposits are highly susceptible to landslides and slope failures and directly contribute to the sediment budget in the reservoir. In addition tributaries of Chenab River also bring sediments in the reservoir from the catchment area.
The empirical relationship for estimating the long-term reservoir trap efficiency for large storage based on correlation between the relative reservoir size and trap efficiency was simulated in 3D model which shows that the annual sediment trap efficiency of the Baglihar reservoir is of 0.39%. The extrapolation of the calculated values shows that the total sediment load shall increase by 11% in the next 30 years and 20% in the next 50 years and correspondingly 40% in the next 100 years that shall induce corresponding decrease in the reservoir volume over the time. By applying flushing schemes, life span of the reservoir can be extended. It is estimated that after 100 years the reservoir shall lose ~35.6% storage volume. On further extrapolation, the trap efficiency will decrease from 25.5% after 30 years to 23% after 100 years. The estimated trap efficiency of Baglihar reservoir is 60%, which is greater than that based on numerical results, showing a significant overestimation.
Comparison of uncertainties in land-use change fluxes from bookkeeping model parameterisation
Authors: Bastos Ana , Hartung Kerstin , Nützel Tobias B. , Nabel Julia E. M. S. , Houghton Richard A. , Pongratz Julia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Fluxes from deforestation, changes in land cover, land use and
management practices (FLUC for simplicity) contributed to approximately 14 % of anthropogenic CO2 emissions in 2009–2018. Estimating FLUC accurately in space and in time remains, however, challenging, due to multiple sources of uncertainty in the calculation of these fluxes. This uncertainty, in turn, is propagated to global and regional carbon budget estimates, hindering the compilation of a consistent carbon budget and preventing us from constraining other terms, such as the natural land sink. Uncertainties in FLUC estimates arise from many different sources, including differences in model structure (e.g. process based vs. bookkeeping) and model parameterisation. Quantifying the uncertainties from each source requires controlled simulations to separate their effects. Here, we analyse differences between the two bookkeeping models used regularly in the global carbon budget estimates since 2017: the model by
Hansis et al. (2015) (BLUE) and that by Houghton and Nassikas (2017) (HN2017). The two models have a very similar structure and philosophy, but differ significantly both with respect to FLUC intensity and spatiotemporal variability. This is due to differences in the land-use forcing but also in the model parameterisation. We find that the larger emissions in BLUE compared to HN2017 are largely due to differences in C densities between natural and managed vegetation or
primary and secondary vegetation, and higher allocation of cleared and
harvested material to fast turnover pools in BLUE than in HN2017. Besides
parameterisation and the use of different forcing, other model assumptions
cause differences: in particular that BLUE represents gross transitions
which leads to overall higher carbon losses that are also more quickly
realised than HN2017.
AI-Track-tive: open-source software for automated recognition and counting of surface semi-tracks using computer vision (artificial intelligence)
Authors: Nachtergaele Simon , De Grave Johan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. A new method for automatic counting of etched fission tracks in minerals is
described and presented in this article. Artificial intelligence techniques
such as deep neural networks and computer vision were trained to detect
fission surface semi-tracks on images. The deep neural networks can be used
in an open-source computer program for semi-automated fission track dating
called “AI-Track-tive”. Our custom-trained deep neural networks use the YOLOv3
object detection algorithm, which is currently one of the most powerful and
fastest object recognition algorithms. The developed program successfully
finds most of the fission tracks in the microscope images; however, the user
still needs to supervise the automatic counting. The presented deep neural
networks have high precision for apatite (97 %) and mica (98 %). Recall
values are lower for apatite (86 %) than for mica (91 %). The
application can be used online at https://ai-track-tive.ugent.be (last access: 29 June 2021), or it can be downloaded as an offline application
for Windows.
The value of water isotope data on improving process understanding in a glacierized catchment on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Nan Yi , Tian Lide , He Zhihua , Tian Fuqiang , Shao Lili 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This study integrated a water isotope module into the hydrological model
THREW (Tsinghua Representative Elementary Watershed) which has been successfully used in high and cold regions. Signatures
of oxygen stable isotope (18O) of different water inputs and stores
were simulated coupling with the simulations of runoff generation. Isotope
measurements of precipitation water samples and assumed constant isotope
signature of ice meltwater were used to force the isotope module. Isotope
signatures of water stores such as snowpack and subsurface water were
updated by an assumed completely mixing procedure. Fractionation effects of
snowmelt and evapotranspiration were modeled in a Rayleigh fractionation
approach. The isotope-aided model was subsequently applied for the
quantification of runoff components and estimations of mean water travel
time (MTT) and mean residence time (MRT) in the glacierized watershed of
Karuxung river on the Tibetan Plateau. Model parameters were calibrated by
three variants with different combinations of streamflow, snow cover area
and isotopic composition of stream water. Modeled MTT and MRT were validated
by estimates of a tracer-based sine-wave method. Results indicate that (1) the proposed model performs well on simultaneously reproducing the
observations of streamflow, snow cover area and isotopic composition of
stream water, despite the fact that only precipitation water samples were available
for tracer input; (2) isotope data facilitate more robust estimations on
contributions of runoff components (CRCs) to streamflow in the melting
season, as well as on MTT and MRT; (3) involving isotope data for the model
calibration obviously reduces uncertainties in the quantification of CRCs
and estimations of MTT and MRT, through better constraining the competitions
among different runoff processes induced by meltwater and rainfall. Our
results inform scientists on the high value of water isotope data for improving process
understanding in a glacierized basin on the Tibetan Plateau.
A new fractal-theory-based criterion for hydrological model calibration
Authors: Bai Zhixu , Wu Yao , Ma Di , Xu Yue-Ping 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Fractality has been found in many areas and has been used to describe the internal features of time series. But is it possible to use fractal theory to improve the performance of hydrological models? This study aims at investigating the potential benefits of applying fractal theory in model calibration. A new criterion named the ratio of fractal dimensions (RD) is defined as the ratio of the fractal dimensions of simulated and observed streamflow series. To combine the advantages of fractal theory with
classical criteria based on squared residuals, a multi-objective calibration strategy is designed. The selected classical criterion is the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (E). The E–RD strategy is tested in three study cases with different climates and geographies. The results reveal that, in most aspects, introducing RD into model calibration makes the simulation of streamflow components more reasonable. Also, pursuing a better RD during calibration leads to only a small decrease in E. We therefore recommend choosing the parameter set with the best E among the parameter sets with RD values of around 1.
Time lags of nitrate, chloride, and tritium in streams assessed by dynamic groundwater flow tracking in a lowland landscape
Authors: Kaandorp Vince P. , Broers Hans Peter , van der Velde Ype , Rozemeijer Joachim , de Louw Perry G. B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Surface waters are under pressure from diffuse pollution from agricultural activities, and groundwater is known to be a connection between the agricultural fields and streams. This paper is one of the first to calculate long-term in-stream concentrations of tritium, chloride, and
nitrate using dynamic groundwater travel time distributions (TTDs) derived
from a distributed, transient, 3D groundwater flow model using forward
particle tracking. We tested our approach in the Springendalse Beek
catchment, a lowland stream in the east of the Netherlands, for which we
collected a long time series of chloride and nitrate concentrations (1969–2018). The Netherlands experienced a sharp decrease in concentrations of solutes leaching to groundwater in the 1980s due to legislations on the application of nitrogen to agricultural fields. Stream measurements of chloride and nitrate showed that the corresponding trend reversal in the groundwater-fed stream occurred after a time lag of 5–10 years. By combining calculated TTDs with the known history of nitrogen and chloride inputs, we found that the variable contribution of different groundwater flow paths to stream water quality reasonably explained the majority of long-term and seasonal variation in the measured stream nitrate concentrations. However, combining only TTDs and inputs underestimated the time lag between the peak in nitrogen input and the following trend reversal of nitrate in the stream. This feature was further investigated through an exploration of the model behaviour under different scenarios. A time lag of several years, and up to decades, can occur due to (1) a thick unsaturated zone adding a certain travel time, (2) persistent organic matter with a slow release of N in the unsaturated zone, (3) a long mean travel time (MTT) compared to the rate of the reduction in nitrogen application, (4) areas with a high application of nitrogen (agricultural fields) being located further away from the stream or drainage network, or (5) a higher presence of nitrate attenuating processes close to the stream or drainage network compared to the rest of the catchment. By making the connection between dynamic groundwater travel time distributions and in-stream concentration measurements, we provide a method for validating the travel time approach and make the step towards application in water quality modelling and management.
Spinal Cord Injury Induced Osteoporosis: Case Report and Current Literature
Authors: Bangura Abdulai , Shuler Thomas , Wright Lisa , Lake Anne 
Published: June 2021

Background: Among the various etiologies of osteoporosis, spinal cord injury has a drastic progression of the disease, causing weekly bone loss. There is no definitive treatment for the prevention of osteoporosis in these individuals. This review illustrates the recent findings on the pathophysiology, treatment, and management of spinal cord injury-induced osteoporosis. Furthermore, we cover a case of a male patient who experienced severe bone loss after a spinal cord injury at the age of 21 years.
The Case: We have a 57-year-old man with a history of AIS grade A spinal cord injury, level T11 with rod fixation from a motorcycle collision at age 21. His fracture history following the injury includes tibia, femur, and vertebral fractures. Bone mineral density imaging revealed notable T-scores ranging from -3.1 to -3.4 at the hip and femurs. Treatment plan consisted of teriparatide, dietary supplements, and physical therapy. Biomarkers from baseline to post one month of treatment revealed the following: procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide from 38 mcg/L to 70 mcg/L and C-terminal telopeptide from 209 pg/mL to 88 pg/mL, representing an increased bone formation and decreased bone resorption, respectively. After two years, bone mineral density T-scores improved to -2.7 on the left and the patient was capable of standing for the first time with the assistance of a standing frame.
Conclusion: Our case exemplified the progression of the disease and treatment options. A basis for the derivation of future innovative therapies has been covered. Favorable treatments and management are described in the review.
Improving Medical School Education on the Care of Sexual Assault Patients: A Quasi-Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Hoopes Katherine , Lewitt Tessa , Naseem Anum , Messman Anne , Kouyoumjian Sarkis 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Comprehensive healthcare for survivors of sexual violence is essential to prevent the diverse sequelae associated with the assault. In partnership with a local rape crisis center, we designed an educational module with the goal of training medical students on the basic needs of sexual assault patients with the aim to see if there was a significant difference in preparedness to counsel such patients.
Methods: This quantitative quasi-randomized controlled study tested the effectiveness of an educational module on improving medical student preparedness for encounters with victims of sexual assault. A one-hour presentation, focusing on basic medical and legal knowledge regarding sexual abuse and compassionate patient-centered care, was provided to the intervention group during their compulsory Year 4 Emergency Medicine clerkship orientation. At the end of the month, students in the intervention and control groups were assessed using a standardized patient encounter simulating the presentation of a victim of sexual assault. Scores were determined by standardized patients, who utilized two checklists-one widely used for communication skills (KEECC-A) and the other focusing on sexual assault (WC-SAFE-specific).
Results: For the KEECC-A, there was no significant difference in scores between the control and intervention groups (p=0.9257, 95% Confidence Interval [95%CI] 14.42,15.58]). The WC-SAFE-specific checklists were significantly different between the intervention and control groups (p=0.0076, 95%CI 3.79,4.21).
Conclusion: Our sexual assault module increased preparedness of medical students for encounters with sexual assault victims and provide trauma-informed care.
Ứng dụng mô hình STELLA để tính toán cân bằng nước cho vùng đê bao khép kín
Authors: Nguyễn Văn Tuấn 
Published: June 2021

Nghiên cứu tập trung vào việc sử dụng phần mềm hệ thống động (STELLA) để xây dựng mô hình cân bằng nước cho khu vực nghiên cứu, dựa vào sự biến động nguồn nước cung cấp cho vùng và nguồn nước được tiêu thụ để làm cơ sở tính toán lượng nước tồn trữ cho vùng nghiên cứu theo điều kiện tự nhiên và đặc điểm của cây trồng được thu thập thực tế ở khu vực nghiên cứu của năm mưa ít (2011-2012), kểm định (2014-2015) và năm mưa nhiều (2013-2014), kiểm định (2015-2016). Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy lượng nước trữ trong vùng nghiên cứu bị thiếu hụt nghiêm trọng, cụ thể vào năm mưa ít, lượng nước tồn trữ là -207,6x1010 m3, năm mưa nhiều lượng nước tồn trữ là -149,5x1010 m3. Kết quả nghiên cứu có thể làm cơ sở khoa học cho cơ quan quản lý địa phương trong việc chọn giải pháp vận hành các hệ thống thủy lợi trong mùa lũ.
Kiểm soát mực nước hệ đơn bồn dùng bộ điều khiển PID số
Authors: Võ Minh Tài , Nguyễn Phong Lưu , Nguyễn Văn Đông Hải 
Published: June 2021

Mô hình hệ bồn nước được sử dụng phổ biến trong các phòng thí nghiệm điều khiển. Các giải thuật điều khiển thường được áp dụng cho mô hình trên như điều khiển PID, điều khiển mờ… Điều khiển PID có nhiều ưu điểm như thông dụng trong công nghiệp, không cần biết cấu trúc hệ thống mà có thể điều chỉnh bằng thực tế. Do đó, bài báo đề cập về điều khiển PID. Bài viết sẽ khảo sát sự thay đổi các giá trị PID để kiểm tra một mô hình đơn giản dùng cho sinh viên thực tập tại phòng thí nghiệm điều khiển của Trường Sư phạm Kỹ Thuật Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Mục đích bài báo là trình bày việc thiết kế hệ thống điều khiển rời rạc dùng phương pháp PID số trên mô phỏng và điều khiển mô hình thực “Hệ thống điều khiển kiểm soát mực nước hệ bồn đơn”.
Dấu ấn Gothic trong tiểu thuyết Bến không chồng của Dương Hướng
Authors: Tôn Nữ Dạ Nguyên 
Published: June 2021

Dương Hướng là một nhà văn nổi tiếng trong dòng văn học hậu chiến ở Việt Nam. Với cuốn tiểu thuyết mở màn Bến không chồng, ông đã thực sự thành công tái hiện xã hội nước ta trong và sau cuộc kháng chiến chống Mỹ với giá trị hiện thực và nhân đạo sâu sắc. Nghiên cứu tác phẩm này từ góc nhìn của chủ nghĩa Gothic là một điều hoàn toàn chưa từng có tiền lệ. Trong bài báo này, trên cơ sở lí thuyết về đặc trưng của văn học Gothic theo quan niệm của phân tâm học, chúng tôi sẽ phân tích và làm rõ dấu ấn Gothic trong cuốn tiểu thuyết Bến không chồng của Dương Hướng, từ đó cho thấy một cái nhìn khác về giá trị nội dung và nghệ thuật của tác phẩm này và tài năng dụng bút của tác giả.