bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sorafenib for Desmoid Tumors. A Cost Analysis: Too Much for Too Little?
Authors: Johns Michael S. , III William Merritt , Rhodes Lori , Ford Candice N. , Thompson Mark , Lee William M. , Petrelli Nicholas J. , Tiesi Gregory J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: A recent randomized trial showed that sorafenib increased progression free survival (PFS) in patients with desmoid tumors despite many patients experiencing stable disease or spontaneous regression without treatment. Using these trial data, we completed a cost analysis of sorafenib efficacy through two years of treatment. Methods: 2019 Medicare Part D rates for sorafenib were used (dose 400 mg/day, cost $309/day). Yearly costs per progression and objective response were calculated. Radiologic progression and response were defined using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Patients with disease progression were separately analyzed in two groups: both clinical and radiologic (CAR), and radiologic alone. Results: 84 previously randomized patients were analyzed (placebo: 35, sorafenib: 49). After 1 year, sorafenib was associated with 43% absolute risk reduction (ARR) of CAR progression and number-needed-to-treat (NNT) of 2.3 patients/year, costing $259,406. After 2 years, ARR was 48% and NNT of 2.1 patients/year, costing $473,697. When assessing only patients with RECIST defined radiologic progression, sorafenib patients had ARR of 13.9% with NNT 7.2 and estimated costs of $812,052 at one year. Two-year ARR was 17.5% with NNT 5.7 and estimated costs $1,285,052. Sorafenib patients experienced improved RECIST partial response rates at 1 and 2 years of 14.7% and 14.3%, with NNT 6.8 and 6.9, and costs of $766,938 and $1,556,433; respectively. Conclusion: For the treatment of desmoid tumors, Sorafenib led to improved PFS, but at a substantial cost per patient. Beneficial RECIST outcomes were less likely and at higher cost. Patients should be informed of possible benefits of treatment versus potential financial burden.
Intravenous compounding robots in pharmacy intravenous admixture services: a health technology assessment
Authors: zhang lingli , yang chunsong , Peng Lijuan , Ni Xiaofeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

This study was performed to conduct a health technology assessment of intravenous compounding robots and provide the currently available best evidence for hospital decision-makers.
Methods

A comprehensive search of relevant professional health technology assessment websites and electronic databases (Embase, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang Database) was conducted from inception to 11 August 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and extracted data. The results were reported by qualitative description because of heterogeneity in the characteristics of the data in the included studies.
Results

Forty studies were included: 2 health technology assessments, 24 control studies (6 randomized controlled trials, 13 non-randomized contemporaneous controlled trials, and 6 non-randomized historical controlled trials), 12 non-controlled studies (11 single-arm studies, 1 investigation report), 1 qualitative study (in-depth interview), and 1 economics research. Effectiveness: The robots improved the production efficiency compared with usual/manual preparation; however, the intravenous preparation process requires further optimization. Additionally, robots reduced the incidence of medicine residues, preparation errors, and preparation failures. The accuracy and solution properties of intravenous admixture medicines were satisfactory, and the robots also contributed to error recognition. Safety: The robots reduced product pollution and environmental pollution, but vigilance is still required to ensure that pollution stays low. The robots also reduced the incidence of health damage to technicians. Economy: The robots reduced material costs in these studies; however, whether they can reduce labor costs remains unclear. Social suitability: Technicians had a high degree of satisfaction with the robots, but few relevant studies focused on this aspect.
Conclusion

Intravenous compounding robots have certain advantages in terms of safety, effectiveness, economy, and social adaptability. High-quality and large-sample randomized controlled trials or well-designed observational studies are still needed to evaluate such robots, especially in terms of economic and social suitability.
Size-dependent growth tactics of a partially migratory fish before migration
Authors: Futamura Ryo , Morita Kentaro , Kanno Yoichiro , Kumikawa Shoji , Matsuoka Yuichi , Okuda Atsushi , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Uchida Jiro , Kishida Osamu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For migratory species, attaining enough large size before migration is a key mechanism of individuals for their success in risky migration. Since the smaller migrants suffer from high mortality during migration, prospective migrants with smaller size should grow better than larger ones before migration. To test this prediction, we investigated size-dependent patterns of the two growth mechanisms (i.e., growth rate and duration) of juvenile masu salmon (Onchorynchus masou) before their oceanic migration. Masu salmon exhibit a partial migratory strategy, in which single population consists of oceanic migrants and river-dwelling residents. Our individual mark-recapture survey and assessment of the river-descending timing by PIT-tag antenna-reader system revealed that patterns of growth rate in the pre-migration period and the timing of migration correspond with our predictions. For around half-year before outmigration (i.e., between after decision of migration and before start of migration), the prospective migrants showed the size-dependent growth rate, in which individuals with smaller size exhibited higher growth rate than those with larger size, but the residents showed the size-independent growth rate. In addition, the prospective migrants showed the size-dependent timing of outmigration, in which individuals with smaller size delayed the migration timing than those with larger size, to lengthen the duration of pre-migration period. These results suggest that size-selective mortality during migration has shaped size-dependent adjustment of the pre-migration growth in migratory masu salmon. Conditional changes in growth rate and duration of pre-migration period may be an adaptive tactic for the migratory animals.
Hydrodynamics of Direct Contact Condensation Process in Desuperheaters
Authors: Khan Afrasyab , Sanaullah Khairuddin , Rigit Andrew Ragai Henry , Ullah Atta 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Due to the global warming and environmental implications, the focus of household heating has shifted from fossil fuels towards environmentally friendly and renewable sources. Desuperheaters have been found an attractive option as a domestic provision for the warm water; they used steam induced direct contact condensation (DCC) as the major means to warm the water. The present study has been an attempt to investigate the hydrodynamics in the Desuperheater vessel experimentally, when the pressurized pulsating steam was injected into the vessel, where, the steam jet interacted co-currently with the slow-moving water. Visual flow visualization provided an overall flow picture that showed a circulation region when the pulsating steam was injected into the slow co-currently moving water and the peaked vorticity corresponded to the steam injection duration varying from 10-60 seconds. An array of 7 Hot Film Anemometers (HFA) was traversed axially and radially to determine the velocity fluctuations at 0 – 20 cm from the steam's nozzle exit. Vortical structures were obtained that corresponded to the entrainment of the steam with the surrounding cocurrently moving water. The circulation regions were thus exhibited in relation to the steam's injection durations as well as the downstream axial distance of 2 cm and 15 cm from the nozzle exit, which showed that the core local circulation at 2 cm, lost 75-79% of its circulation at 15 cm downstream of the nozzle exit.
Social Media Engagement and Influenza Vaccination During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Benis Arriel , Khodos Anna , Ran Sivan , Levner Eugene , Ashkenazi Shai 
Published: March 2021

Background
Vaccines are one of the most important achievements of modern medicine. However, their acceptance is only partial, with vaccine hesitancy and refusal representing a major health threat. Influenza vaccines have low compliance since repeated, annual vaccination is required. Influenza vaccines stimulate discussions both in the real world and online. Social media is currently a significant source of health and medical information. Elucidating the association between social media engagement and influenza vaccination is important and may be applicable to other vaccines, including ones against COVID-19.

Objective
The goal of this study is to characterize profiles of social media engagement regarding the influenza vaccine and their association with knowledge and compliance in order to support improvement of future web-associated vaccination campaigns.

Methods
A weblink to an online survey in Hebrew was disseminated over social media and messaging platforms. The survey answers were collected during April 2020. Anonymous and volunteer participants aged 21 years and over answered 30 questions related to sociodemographics; social media usage; influenza- and vaccine-related knowledge and behavior; health-related information searching, its reliability, and its influence; and COVID-19-related information searching. A univariate descriptive data analysis was performed, followed by multivariate analysis via building a decision tree to define the most important attributes associated with vaccination compliance.

Results
A total of 213 subjects responded to the survey, of whom 207 were included in the analysis; the majority of the respondents were female, were aged 21 to 40 years, had 1 to 2 children, lived in central Israel, were secular Israeli natives, had higher education, and had a salary close to the national average. Most respondents (128/207, 61.8%) were not vaccinated against influenza in 2019 and used social media. Participants that used social media were younger, secular, and living in high-density agglomerations and had lower influenza vaccination rates. The perceived influence and reliability of the information on social media about COVID-19 were generally similar to those perceptions about influenza.

Conclusions
Using social media is negatively linked to compliance with seasonal influenza vaccination in this study. A high proportion of noncompliant individuals can lead to increased consumption of health care services and can, therefore, overload these health services. This is particularly crucial with a concomitant outbreak, such as COVID-19. Health care professionals should use improved and targeted health communication campaigns with the aid of experts in social media. Targeted communication, based on sociodemographic factors and personalized social media usage, might increase influenza vaccination rates and compliance with other vaccines as well.
Análisis de la evolución espacio-temporal del uso de suelo urbano en la metrópolis de Chihuahua
Authors: Dávila Rodríguez Antonio , Alatorre Cejudo Luis Carlos , Bravo-Peña Luis Carlos 
Published: March 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo la monitorización del cambio en los patrones de distribución espacial del uso del suelo urbano que se ha presentado en la zona de presión intermunicipal de Chihuahua en el periodo 1995-2015. Se utilizó el software FRAGSTATS para el cálculo de las métricas de análisis de la ecología del paisaje. Los resultados indican que el crecimiento del suelo destinado a vivienda que se presentó en el periodo de estudio se encuentra en consonancia con el modelo de ciudad dispersa, caracterizado por la baja densidad edificatoria y la preponderancia del transporte privado por carretera.
Callus induction and secondary metabolite profile from <i>Elephantopus scaber</i> L.
Authors: Junairiah Junairiah , Wulandari Diah Ayu , Utami Edy Setiti Wida , Zuraidassanaaz Nabilah Istighfari 
Published: March 2021

Elephantopus scaber L. is a plant that has potential as traditional medicine. Callus induction and production of secondary metabolite content can be increased by culture callus using plant growth regulators. This study was purposed to investigate the effect of IBA and kinetin concentration on the induction and secondary metabolite profile of callus from E. scaber L. leaves. Leaves explant of E. scaber L. were cultured on MS medium with various combination concentrations of IBA and kinetin for 6 weeks and then callus was extracted using methanol. Secondary metabolite content from the resulting extract was analyzed using the phytochemical screening method. The result showed that the treatment of IBA 2.0 mg/L and kinetin 1.0 mg/L and treatment of IBA 2.0 mg/L and kinetin 2.5 mg/L are the fastest combination concentration to induce callus at 5.33 ± 0.577 days. Treatment of IBA 2.0 mg/L and kinetin 2.5 mg/L produced callus with the highest fresh weight and dry weight at 0.7016 ± 0.0588 grams and 0.0766 ± 0.0062 grams, respectively. The morphology of calluses grown during this study was compact with various colors appearance, such as light green, brownish green, and brown. Secondary metabolite content of methanol extract of callus E. scaber L. are flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and saponins.
SECONDARY MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION
Authors: KHAJURIA KANIKA , KHAJURIA VIJAY , SAWHNEY VINEETA 
Published: March 2021

Mitochondria are the most vital organelle in the cell because of its multitask properties. They are well known for the production of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which involves multiple complexes and cofactors. Mitochondria in addition to ATP production, also perform other vital functions like generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, apoptosis, signaling and hormone actions.
Because of their multiple actions, it is quite expected that their dysfunction will result in the number of effects. Since most vital organs exclusively depend on ATP to perform their functions, therefore impediment in its supply resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction will be detrimental and have a widespread spectrum. Neurodegenerative disorders, Huntington’s disease, cardiovascular disease (CVD), epilepsy, aging, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, autism, muscular atrophy, lou gehrig’s disease, neoplasia, down syndrome are few instances where mitochondrial dysfunction is the basic cause in pathogenesis.
Mitochondrial disorders are either Primary or secondary disorders. Primary mitochondrial disease or disorder (PMD) has mitochondrial or nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (mt DNA or nDNA) mutation affecting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). While Secondary mitochondrial dysfunction (SMD) does not involve OXPHOS but is the result of mutations in non OXPHOS genes. Secondary mitochondrial dysfunction (SMD) can also be acquired secondary to adverse factors those cause oxidative stress.
All this highlights the role of mitochondria and makes it a new therapeutic target in managing these disorders. The present review has briefly discussed the secondary mitochondrial dysfunctional disorders and the approach to tackle it.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF MICROBIOLOGICAL CULTURES ON ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIBING PATTERN IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: VACHHANI PARTH , SINGH ANIL 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Antibiotics are frequently prescribed because of clinical suspicion of infection, while the results of the microbiological analysis are still awaited. This study was undertaken to assess the impact of microbiological culture results on the antibiotic prescribing pattern.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 400 patients of either sex and any age with positive microbiological culture results. Empirical antibiotic therapy details were recorded and change in empirical antibiotic therapy after positive culture results was also recorded. Assessment of sensitivity resistance pattern of microorganisms was also performed.
Results: In the study, male: female ratio was 1.01:1. The majority of patients i.e. 94 (24.50%) were in the 46 y to 60 y of age group. Definitive antibiotic therapy was initiated in 103 patients (25.75%) out of 400 patients. The highest number of changes in antibiotic therapy was done in urinary tract infections (63.95%) and septicemia (32.61%) cases. Klebsiella (34.25%), E. coli (32%) and Staphylococcus aureus (14.75%) were commonly isolated microorganisms. Cephalosporins (77.75%) and aminoglycosides (47%) were commonly used in empirical antibiotic therapy, while nitrofurantoin (47.57%) and penicillins (22.33%) were commonly used in definitive antibiotic therapy. Definitive antibiotic therapy was associated with a reduced duration of hospital stay as compared to empirical antibiotic therapy (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: Antibiotic prescribing is infrequently influenced by microbiological culture results. Adjustment of the antimicrobial therapy according to microbiological culture results can decrease the duration of hospital stay as well as can decrease the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
La historia olvidada (la lobotomía)
Authors: Paláu Castaño Luis Alfonso 
Published: March 2021

Traducción del francés al español de Luis Alfonso Paláu-Castaño
«El psicoanálisis nació en el campo de las neurosis y como una práctica de ciudad. Es tanto como decir que él se interesa, en primer lugar, en los trastornos mentales menos graves, es decir, los que no entrañan una hospitalización. Las patologías graves, bajo el nombre de psicosis (como la esquizofrenia o la psicosis maniacodepresiva) hacen parte de un campo al que ella desea anexarse, pero la partida se revela ruda. Es precisamente después de la guerra que se comienza a hablar mucho de “psicoanálisis de las psicosis”. Pero “hablar mucho” no es igual a “encargarse”. Sin embargo, los psicoanalistas están entonces convencidos de que su competencia va a extenderse poco a poco al campo de las psicosis.»
SELF-COLLISION AVOIDANCE OF ARM ROBOT USING GENERATIVE ADVERSARIAL NETWORK AND PARTICLES SWARM OPTIMIZATION (GAN-PSO)
Authors: Iklima Zendi , Adriansyah Andi , Hitimana Sabin 
Published: March 2021

Collision avoidance of Arm Robot is designed for the robot to collide objects, colliding environment, and colliding its body. Self-collision avoidance was successfully trained using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The Inverse Kinematics (IK) with 96K motion data was extracted as the dataset to train data distribution of 3.6K samples and 7.2K samples. The proposed method GANs-PSO can solve the common GAN problem such as Mode Collapse or Helvetica Scenario that occurs when the generator always gets the same output point which mapped to different input values. The discriminator produces the random samples' data distribution in which present the real data distribution (generated by Inverse Kinematic analysis). The PSO was successfully reduced the number of training epochs of the generator only with 5000 iterations. The result of our proposed method (GANs-PSO) with 50 particles was 5000 training epochs executed in 0.028ms per single prediction and 0.027474% Generator Mean Square Error (GMSE).
Hubungan Promosi Susu Formula dan ASI Eksklusif
Authors: Dewi Rusmala 
Published: March 2021

Air susu ibu (ASI) eksklusif merupakan salah satu rekomendasi WHO dan UNICEF dalam pemberian makanan untuk bayi dan anak. ASI eksklusif yaitu pemberian ASI saja pada bayi sampai usia enam bulan tanpa makanan ataupun minuman tambahan lainnya kecuali atas indikasi medis. Pengganti air susu ibu yang diberikan atas indikasi medis untuk usia 0-6 bulan disebut dengan susu formula. Promosi susu formula telah diatur dalam Permenkes nomor 39 tahun 2013. Tujuan penulisan ini yaitu untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan promosi susu formula dan ASI ekslusif. Metode penulisan adalah kajian literatur yang membandingkan beberapa literatur melalui penelusuran google scholar dalam kurun waktu 2011-2020. Hasil review dari 9 artikel terpilih bahwa terdapat hubungan antara promosi susu formula dan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Diharapkan agar Produsen atau distributor dari susu formula untuk mengikuti ketentuan promosi susu formula yang telah diatur dalam Permenkes nomor 39 tahun 2013.
PENGARUH APLIKASI ABU TERBANG BATUBARA DAN PUPUK KANDANG SEBAGAI BAHAN AMELIORAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KANGKUNG (Ipomea reptans Poir.)
Authors: Febriana Safitri , Priyadi Priyadi , Taisa Rianida 
Published: March 2021

Fly ash merupakan limbah hasil pembakaran batubara yang berpotensi sebagai bahan ameliorant. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh palikasi abu terbang batubara dan pupuk kendang terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kangkung. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) yang disusun secara faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah dosis abu terbang (F) terdiri atas 4 level yaitu; f1 = 0 ton ha-1, f2 = 50 ton ha-1, f3 = 100 ton ha-1, f4 = 150 ton ha-1. Faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk kandang (M) terdiri dari 3 level yaitu; m1 = 10 ton ha-1, m2 = 20 ton ha-1, m3 = 30 ton ha-1. Homogenitas data diuji dengan menggunakan uji Bartlett dan ketidakaditifan data dengan uji Tukey kemudian dianalisis dengan sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) aplikasi abu terbang batubara berpengaruh nyata dalam meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot kering berangkasan, panjang akar, jumlah akar, dan bobot kering berangkasan tanaman kangkong, (2) aplikasi pupuk kandang tidak berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman kangkung, (3) tidak terdapat interaksi antara abu terbang batubara dan pupuk kandang terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kangkung.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANONITROFOS PLUS, PUPUK ANORGANIK, DAN KOMBINASINYA TERHADAP BIOMASSA KARBON MIKROORGANISME (C-MIK) PADA TANAH ULTISOLS TAMAN BOGO YANG DITANAMI JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays [L.] Saccharata Sturt)
Authors: Setiawati Siti Bherliana Maharani , Dermiyati Dermiyati , Arif Mas Achmad Syamsul , Yusnaini Sri 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk Organonitrofos plus, pupuk anorganik, dan kombinasinya terhadap biomassa karbon mikroorganisme (C-mik) tanah selama pertumbuhan jagung manis. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Taman Bogo, Lampung Timur pada bulan April sampai dengan Juli 2016. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri dari 11 perlakuan kombinasi dan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa C-mik tanah pada semua perlakuan kombinasi pupuk Organonitrofos plus dan pupuk anorganik nyata lebih tinggi 25,45% dibandingkan dengan perlakuan pupuk tunggal Organonitrofos plus maupun pupuk tunggal anorganik pada pengamatan 15 HST. Nilai C-mik tanah pada perlakuan pupuk tunggal Organonitrofos plus, anorganik, maupun kombinasinya sangat nyata lebih tinggi 60,61% dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tanpa pupuk (kontrol)pada pengamatan 30 HST. Nilai C-mik tanah pada perlakuan pupuk Organonitrofos plus 100% + anorganik 100% (P6) nyata lebih tinggi 32,48% dibandingkan dengan perlakuan berbagai kombinasi dosis pupuk Organonitrofos plus + anorganik 50% dan 75% (P7, P8, P9, P10) pada pengamatan 30 HST. Nilai C-mik tanah pada perlakuan kombinasi pupuk Organonitrofos plus 50% + anorganik 50% (P10) nyata lebih tinggi 40,16% dibandingkan dengan.berbagai kombinasi dosis pupuk Organonitrofos plus + anorganik 75% (P7, P8, P9) pada pengamatan 30 HST.