bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability‐indicating reversed‐phase/normal‐phase high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography technique for the determination of arbidol: Green analytical chemistry viewpoint
Authors: Alam Prawez , Salem‐Bekhit Mounir M. , Iqbal Muzaffar , Anwer Md. Khalid , Alqarni Mohammed H. , Shakeel Faiyaz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe sensitive and rapid stability‐indicating green reversed‐phase (RP)/routine normal‐phase (NP) high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique has been established for the analysis of arbidol (ADL) from green analytical chemistry viewpoint. The green reversed‐phase analysis of ADL was carried out using RP‐18 silica gel 60 F254S plates. The mobile phase for the green reversed‐phase technique was ethanol/water/ammonia (80:10:10, vol/vol/vol). The routine normal‐phase analysis of ADL was performed using NP‐18 silica gel 60 F254S plates. The mobile phase for the routine normal‐phase technique was hexane/acetone/ammonia (50:45:5, vol/vol/vol). The detection of ADL was performed at 317 nm for both of the techniques. The linearity ranges for the green reversed‐phase and routine normal‐phase techniques were recorded as 40–800 ng/band and 100–600 ng/band, respectively. The proposed reversed‐phase HPTLC technique was also found to be stability‐indicating for the quantification of ADL in the presence of impurities/degradation products. The AGREE scores for green reversed‐phase HPTLC and routine normal‐phase HPTLC techniques were obtained as 0.86 and 0.49, respectively, suggesting the excellent greenness for reversed‐phase HPTLC technique compared with routine normal‐phase HPTLC technique. Overall, the green reversed‐phase HPTLC technique was found to be superior over routine normal‐phase HPTLC technique for the detection of ADL.
Reference Values for Left Atrial Strain and Strain Rate Based on a Large Sample of Healthy Chinese Adults: An MR‐Feature Tracking Study
Authors: Gao Yiyuan , Zhang Zhen , Li Gengxiao , Zhou Shanshan , Lou Mingwu , Zhao Zhiwei , Zhao Jun , Li Kuncheng , Pohost Gerald M. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundWhile reference values of left atrial (LA) deformation parameters in Western populations have been established, reference data in healthy Asian populations are limited.PurposeTo establish age‐ and sex‐specific reference values for LA strain and strain rate (SR) based on a large sample of healthy Chinese adults using magnetic resonance‐feature tracking (MR‐FT).Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationFour hundred and eight healthy Chinese adults (220 males, aged 43.5 ± 11.5 years; 188 females, aged 45.3 ± 12.8 years).Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T/balanced steady‐state free precession.AssessmentReservoir strain (εs), conduit strain (εe), booster strain (εa), peak positive SR (SRs), peak early negative SR (SRe), and peak late negative SR (SRa) were obtained by MR‐FT.Statistical TestsWe used Shapiro–Wilk test, Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, linear regression, and coefficient of determination (r2).ResultsWomen demonstrated significantly greater LA strain (εs [%]: 44.0 ± 9.9 vs. 38.3 ± 8.7; εe [%]: 26.7 ± 8.0 vs. 22.3 ± 6.8; εa [%]: 17.3 ± 4.4 vs. 16.0 ± 3.8) and SR (SRs [/second]: 1.8 ± 0.5 vs. 1.6 ± 0.4; SRe [/second]: −2.5 ± 0.9 vs. −2.1 ± 0.7; SRa [/second]: −1.9 ± 0.6 vs. −1.8 ± 0.5) than men. For both sexes, aging was significantly associated with decreased εs, SRs, εe, and SRe (r2 = 0.07, r2 = 0.05, r2 = 0.19, and r2 = 0.24 for men; r2 = 0.13, r2 = 0.11, r2 = 0.31, and r2 = 0.46 for women), and significantly increased εa (r2 = 0.03 and r2 = 0.05 for men and women). There was no significant correlation between age and SRa in both sexes (P = 0.057 and P = 0.377 for men and women, respectively).Data ConclusionWe provide age‐ and sex‐specific reference values for LA strain and SR based on a large sample of healthy Chinese adults using MR‐FT.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage5
GMO Medicines and hospital pharmacy practice: a review
Authors: Webb Timothy L. , Hong Eugenia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResearch into gene therapy and genetically modified organism (GMO) medicines is intensifying. Whilst there are only a small number of GMO medicines which have successfully reached registration, Australian hospital pharmacy departments may find themselves in a position where they are required to handle, prepare and dispense this emerging class of therapy in a clinical trial setting. This article explores current literature concerning the management of GMO medicines in a hospital setting. Currently, the bulk of GMO medicines employ the use of viral vectors to deliver therapeutic genetic material into patients. The use of biohazardous agents such as viral vectors presents a new set of safety risks to both patients and pharmacy staff. Pharmacists need to be aware of the safety risks surrounding the use of GMO medicines and implement procedures to handle these medicines safely. Further, pharmacists will need to be familiar with the Gene Technology Act 2000 in addition to the state and federal regulations governing the use of medicines in Australia.
Morphology and magnetic properties of NiFe2O4 powders prepared in molten sodium chloride
Authors: Ni J.L. , Lin X. , Wang Q. , Sun C.Y. , Du F.Y. , Liu X.S. , Feng S.J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNiFe2O4 powders were successfully fabricated at different temperatures by using molten salt method and their structure and magnetic properties were investigated by using x‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and vibrating sample magnetometer. The x‐ray diffractometer result shows that all powders are single spinel phase, scanning electron microscope image indicates that the grain mainly has an octagonal shape and the average particle size increases with increasing sintering temperature. The vibrating sample magnetometer data reveal that saturation magnetization of NiFe2O4 powders increases, while coercivity decreases with increasing sintering temperature.
A simulation model with numerical method and optimal control of magneto‐rheological shock isolator
Authors: Wang Fan , Wang Lin‐Xiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractShock is ubiquitous in life and often has a negative impact on human activities. Recently, researchers have tried various controllable materials and structures in the field of shock isolation, achieving active and semi‐active control, especially various Magneto‐Rheological (MR) dampers. However, there are problems such as the accuracy of the simulation model is not high and the traditional control methods and strategies cannot be used. In the current paper, a vibration isolator is proposed to improve the shock response, which is based on the MR effect. The MR damper is characterized by a differential equation model based on phase transition theory, and the dynamic model of the system is derived. Comparison of different numerical methods is presented, where the efficiency and accuracy of the different numerical methods are compared. Through the comparison, the best numerical method is finally obtained with an optimal parameter. When the system is subjected to shock, optimal control is achieved using different methods, including Chebyshev pseudo‐spectral method, linear piecewise method, and Legendre wavelet method. The shock response shows the superiority of the system after adopting the control method, compared to the passive system and traditional fixed current control. This shows the effectiveness of the optimal control methods proposed in the current paper in solving shock isolation problems, especially the shock isolation problem during projectile launching.
Nothing lasts forever: Items missing from your preventative maintenance system
Authors: Nelson Pamela , Anderson Katherine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDue to the number of serious Process Safety incidents that have occurred from the implementation of the Process Safety Management Standard, US Occupational Safety and Health Administration has implemented National Emphasis Programs to audit process safety compliance at refineries and chemical processing plants. Both the Refinery and the Chemical National Emphasis programs identified Mechanical Integrity as the element with the largest number of compliance gaps. An overview of the techniques used to identify the scope of an Asset Integrity System will be provided. Learning from incidents, including outside the Chemical Processing Industry, that have occurred will be reviewed to illustrate the importance of smaller, often overlooked, items that became root causes of incidents. The goal of this paper is to provide the reader with guidance on identification, determination of inspection frequency, documentation and deficiency resolution of critical equipment that not only satisfies the regulatory requirements but also includes all items, including small, often overlooked items.
optimal control for semi‐Markov jump linear systems via TP‐free temporal difference () learning
Authors: Chen Yaogang , Wen Jiwei , Luan Xiaoli , Liu Fei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the present study, a temporal difference (TD) learning algorithm is proposed to solve the optimal control problem for semi‐Markov jump linear systems (S‐MJLSs). The proposed scheme is TP‐free so that it can be applied in cases without pre‐known transition probabilities of embedded Markov chain. Coupled algebraic Riccati equations (CAREs) implied with the analytical solution of control gains are derived by utilizing a S‐MJLS augmented with maximum sojourn time, which contributes to develop the TD learning algorithm. It is proved that for sufficiently rich enough jumping modes and jumping numbers observed online, the value function in TD algorithm converges to CAREs solutions. Finally, an example is carried out to evaluate the learning capability of TD algorithm and the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Ein Modell zum Schubtragverhalten von Verbunddecken mit praxisgerechter Betonstahlbewehrung
Authors: Schmeckebier Nicole , Kurz Wolfgang , Nguyen Viet Tue 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAktuell steht für die Querkraftbemessung von Verbunddecken kein eigenständiges Modell zur Verfügung, mit dem das Tragverhalten unter der Kombination der beiden Längsbewehrungsarten Verbundblech und Betonstahlbewehrung mechanisch beschrieben und wirtschaftlich bemessen werden kann. In einem vor Kurzem abgeschlossen Forschungsprojekt der TU Kaiserslautern wurden daher umfangreiche Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Es wurde ein neues Ingenieurmodell entwickelt, das an Versuchen kalibriert und anschließend in ein Bemessungsmodell überführt wurde. Sowohl die experimentellen Untersuchungen als auch das Ingenieurmodell werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.
Engineering performance of reinforced lightweight geopolymer concrete beams produced by ambient curing
Authors: Öztürk Oğuzhan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe use of lightweight concrete can provide specific advantages that are favoring for mitigating seismic risk in building design. On the other hand, a significant reduction of carbon footprint could be possible through the use of geopolymer concrete. However, geopolymer concrete is mostly assessed through small specimens without reinforcement elements. This paper aims to couple the advantage of lightweight mixtures and ambient‐cured geopolymerization in reinforced beams. To do this, engineering performance of reinforced lightweight geopolymer concrete was extensively investigated with different aspects. In mixtures, pumice and volcanic tuff aggregates were used with an appropriate gradation. Flexural strength, deflection capacities, initial stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity of reinforced geopolymer beams were investigated with the proposed configuration. Compressive strength and unit weight of the developed mixtures were also evaluated to meet design requirements for lightweight concrete. Results indicated that certain engineering properties (energy dissipation capacity and initial stiffness) of developed lightweight geopolymer concrete were considerably comparable with lightweight Portland cement‐based concrete. Although compressive strength and unit weight of the developed geopolymer mixtures were satisfying, microstructural analysis indicated a weak bonding behavior between paste and lightweight aggregates.
Reinventing the webinar with online team‐based learning professional development workshops
Authors: Dolowitz Annetta R. , Estis Julie M. , O'Dwyer Brian , Styron Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter describes a series of international professional development workshops conducted in an online synchronous modality using team‐based learning as an instructional strategy. The authors explore the potential of dynamic professional development training with today's technological tools as a natural evolution from traditional professional development webinars.
Metabolomics of aging in primary fibroblasts from small and large breed dogs
Authors: Brookes Paul S. , Jimenez Ana Gabriela 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAmong several animal groups (eutherian mammals, birds, reptiles), lifespan positively correlates with body mass over several orders of magnitude. Contradicting this pattern are domesticated dogs, with small dog breeds exhibiting significantly longer lifespans than large dog breeds. The underlying mechanisms of differing aging rates across body masses are unclear, but it is generally agreed that metabolism is a significant regulator of the aging process. Herein, we performed a targeted metabolomics analysis on primary fibroblasts isolated from small and large breed young and old dogs. Regardless of size, older dogs exhibited lower glutathione and ATP, consistent with a role for oxidative stress and bioenergetic decline in aging. Furthermore, several size-specific metabolic patterns were observed with aging, including the following: (i) An apparent defect in the lower half of glycolysis in large old dogs at the level of pyruvate kinase. (ii) Increased glutamine anaplerosis into the TCA cycle in large old dogs. (iii) A potential defect in coenzyme A biosynthesis in large old dogs. (iv) Low nucleotide levels in small young dogs that corrected with age. (v) An age-dependent increase in carnitine in small dogs that was absent in large dogs. Overall, these data support the hypothesis that alterations in metabolism may underlie the different lifespans of small vs. large breed dogs, and further work in this area may afford potential therapeutic strategies to improve the lifespan of large dogs.
K3 curves with index $$k>1$$
Authors: Ciliberto Ciro , Dedieu Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLet $$\mathcal {KC}_g ^k$$

KC
g
k

be the moduli stack of pairs (S, C) with S a K3 surface and $$C\subseteq S$$

C
⊆
S

a genus g curve with divisibility k in $$\mathrm {Pic}(S)$$

Pic
(
S
)

. In this article we study the forgetful map $$c_g^k:(S,C) \mapsto C$$

c
g
k

:

(
S
,
C
)

↦
C

from $$\mathcal {KC}_g ^k$$

KC
g
k

to $${\mathcal {M}}_g$$

M
g

for $$k>1$$

k
>
1

. First we compute by geometric means the dimension of its general fibre. This turns out to be interesting only when S is a complete intersection or a section of a Mukai variety. In the former case we find the existence of interesting Fano varieties extending C in its canonical embedding. In the latter case this is related to delicate modular properties of the Mukai varieties. Next we investigate whether $$c_g^k$$

c
g
k

dominates the locus in $${\mathcal {M}}_g$$

M
g

of k-spin curves with the appropriate number of independent sections. We are able to do this only when S is a complete intersection, and obtain in these cases some classification results for spin curves.
An analytical solution to the multicommodity network flow problem with weighted random routing
Authors: Narayan Onuttom , Saniee Iraj 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe derive an analytical expression for the mean load at each node of an arbitrary undirected graph for the non-uniform multicommodity flow problem under weighted random routing. We show the mean load at each node, net of its demand and normalized by its (weighted) degree, is a constant equal to the trace of the product of two matrices: the Laplacian of the demand matrix and the generalized inverse of the graph Laplacian. For the case of uniform demand, this constant reduces to the sum of the inverses of the non-zero eigenvalues of the graph Laplacian. We note that such a closed-form expression for the network capacity for the general multicommodity network flow problem has not been reported before, and even though (weighted) random routing is not a practical procedure, it enables us to derive a (tight) upper bound for the capacity of the network under more standard routing policies. Using this new expression, we compute network capacity for a sample of demand matrices for some prototypical networks, including uniform demand (one unit between all node pairs) and broadcast demand (one unit between a source node and each other node as destination), and finally derive estimates of the mean load in some asymptotic cases.
Leaching Titaniferous Magnetite Concentrate by Alkaline Aqueous Solution
Authors: Guo Ke , Wang Shaoyan , Song Renfeng , Zhang Zhiqiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLeaching titaniferous magnetite concentrate with alkali solution of high concentration under high temperature and high pressure was utilized to improve the grade of iron in iron concentrate and the grade of TiO2 in titanium tailings. The titaniferous magnetite concentrate in use contained 12.67% TiO2 and 54.01% Fe. The thermodynamics of the possible reactions and the kinetics of leaching process were analyzed. It was found that decomposing FeTiO3 with NaOH aqueous solution could be carried out spontaneously and the reaction rate was mainly controlled by internal diffusion. The effects of water usage, alkali concentration, reaction time, and temperature on the leaching procedure were inspected, and the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. After NaOH leaching and magnetic separation, the concentrate, with Fe purity of 65.98% and Fe recovery of 82.46%, and the tailings, with TiO2 purity of 32.09% and TiO2 recovery of 80.79%, were obtained, respectively.
The Birth of ‘Modern’ Vocalism: The Paradigmatic Case of Enrico Caruso
Authors: GENTILI BARBARA 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the decades spanning the turn of the twentieth century Italian opera singing underwent a profound transformation and became ‘modern’. I explore the formative elements of this modernity and its long-term effects on the way we sing today through the paradigmatic case of the tenor Enrico Caruso. I frame Caruso’s vocal evolution within the rise of verismo opera, comparing selected recordings, reviews and the rules and aesthetic prescriptions contained in vocal treatises to show how his new vocalism differed from that of the old bel canto. To set Caruso’s achievement in context I also analyse recordings of two other tenors of the era: Giovanni Zenatello and Alessandro Bonci.
Are Kantian Emotions Feelings?
Authors: Eran Uri 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccording to Alix Cohen, Kant defines emotions as ‘feelings’. Although I find her account of Kantian feelings compelling, I provide three reasons to doubt that it is an account of emotions: (1) it is unclearwhyCohen identifies emotions with Kantian feelings; (2) some Kantian feelings are not emotions; (3) some Kantian desires may be emotions. I propose, however, that with some qualifications Cohen’s account may be upheld, provided its extra-textual assumptions about emotions are explicated. Against her claim that Kantian feelings have a derived intentionality, I argue that the text is compatible with their being intrinsically intentional.
International Legal Fictions: Lessons from the South China Sea Award
Authors: LEWIS Reece 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the use of a specific international legal fiction. It is claimed that a legal fiction was confirmed by the Tribunal in theSouth China Sea Arbitration(2016). The paper asks whether this is an effective legal fiction. The paper will argue that this is not so, pointing to the difficulties that the fiction necessarily creates. From this example, lessons may be learned of the phenomenon of legal fictions of international law generally, and, crucially, of their effectiveness.
Establishing the Psychometric Properties of the Self-Report Liebowitz	Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents in a General Population	Adolescent Sample
Authors: Leigh Eleanor , Clark David M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents (LSAS-CA) is a valid and reliable clinician-administered measure of social anxiety symptoms in young people. It has been adapted for self-report completion, and although the psychometric properties of this version of the scale have been examined in Spanish, Hebrew, and French language versions, this has not yet been done for the English language version. In the present study, we examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the self-report version of the scale (LSAS-CA-SR) in a sample of UK adolescents recruited from schools. The factor structure of the scale was determined in our sample of N = 829; a four-factor structure, with interaction anxiety, interaction avoidance, performance anxiety, and performance-avoidance subscales, provided the best fit to the data. Measurement invariance of the scale was demonstrated across age and gender. Psychometric properties of the scale were sound, with good internal consistency (.88–.97), acceptable test-retest reliability (.45–.57), and evidence for convergent and divergent validity.
Multiple fields manipulation on nitride material structures in ultraviolet light-emitting diodes
Authors: Li Jinchai , Gao Na , Cai Duanjun , Lin Wei , Huang Kai , Li Shuping , Kang Junyong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic, advanced deep ultraviolet (DUV) light sources (200–280 nm), such as AlGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) show excellence in preventing virus transmission, which further reveals their wide applications from biological, environmental, industrial to medical. However, the relatively low external quantum efficiencies (mostly lower than 10%) strongly restrict their wider or even potential applications, which have been known related to the intrinsic properties of high Al-content AlGaN semiconductor materials and especially their quantum structures. Here, we review recent progress in the development of novel concepts and techniques in AlGaN-based LEDs and summarize the multiple physical fields as a toolkit for effectively controlling and tailoring the crucial properties of nitride quantum structures. In addition, we describe the key challenges for further increasing the efficiency of DUV LEDs and provide an outlook for future developments.