bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compared Outcomes of Femoral Shaft Fracture Treatment in School-Age Children in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Yaokreh Jean Baptiste , Sounkéré-Soro Moufidath , Tembely Samba , Kouamé Yapo Guy-Serge , Thomas Audrey Helen , Odéhouri-Koudou Thierry-Hervé , Kouamé Bertin Dibi , Ouattara Ossénou 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Elastic stable intramedullary nailing has become the treatment of choice for femur shaft fractures in school-age children in developed world. However, in the sub-Saharan Africa, this management is still challenging because of the lack of fluoroscopy in more hospitals. We performed either primary open reduction and intramedullary K-wire fixation (PORIKF) or conservative treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and functional outcomes of these two procedures employed.

Patients and Methods:
This retrospective study included 62 children with 64 fractures (10 years on an average; range: 6–15 years) treating for femoral shaft fractures either by PORIKF (n = 21; 23 fractures) or skin traction followed by spica cast (n = 41) between 2008 and 2017. Outcomes were assessed using Flynn criteria. Comparisons were made by Fisher and Student's t-test with a significant P < 5%.

Results:
Outcomes were satisfactory in 21 cases (91%) in the PORIKF group compared with 32 (78%) in the conservative group (P = 0.3012). The average hospital stay was 18.6 days in the PORIKF group, whereas it was 20 in the conservative group (P = 0.0601). The mean time for bone union was 13.9 weeks in the PORIKF group and 13.2 weeks in the conservative group, (P = 0.4346). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of major complications (P = 0.0177). One patient had osteomyelitis in the PORIKF group. Unacceptable shortening >2 cm was observed only in the conservative group. The average time to return to daily activities was 30 days shorter in the PORIKF group when compared to conservative group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
PORIKF provides better results than conservative treatment. Open reduction did not increase the rate of infectious complication.
Evaluation of Tunica Vaginalis Free Graft as a Better Alternative to Tunica Vaginalis Pedicled Flap for Providing Waterproof Cover in Stage II Hypospadias Repair
Authors: Tiwari Charu , Borkar Nitinkumar 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Tunica vaginalis (TV) flap has been used by many surgeons as a waterproof layer to cover neourethra. We present our experience in using free TV graft as an alternative to TV flap for providing waterproof cover in second-stage hypospadias repair.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective review of ten patients with severe hypospadias who underwent Stage II hypospadias repair over a period of 15 months was carried out. Free TV graft was used to cover neourethra in all the patients.

Results:
The median age of patients was 3.5 years. Six patients had proximal hypospadias with severe chordee and four patients had peno-scrotal hypospadias. Eight patients had undergone Byars procedure and two patients had undergone Bracka's procedure during the first stage repair in the same institute. The mean operative time for Stage II repair using free TV graft was 150 min (standard deviation ± 15 min). All patients passed urine in good stream following stent/feeding tube removal. The average duration of hospital stay was 11 days. None of our patients developed urethrocutaneous fistula. Only one patient had superficial surgical site infection. All patients are well on follow-up after 6 months.

Conclusion:
Free TV graft could be used in place of TV flap as an intermediate waterproof cover to reduce the incidence of urethrocutaneous fistula in staged II hypospadias repair; however, studies involving a larger number of patients would be required to draw conclusions.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward COVID-19 in China: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Fang Yaqing , Liu Panpan , Gao Qisheng 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTTo analyze the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice about COVID-19 among Chinese residents, noninterventional and anonymous survey was carried out with an online questionnaire. Among the survey respondents (n = 619), 59.9% were female, 61.1% were from 18 to 30 years of age, and 42.3% held an undergraduate’s degree. The mean scores for each scale were as follows: perceived knowledge (36.3 ± 6.1), attitude (29.4 ± 4.7), practice (44.1 ± 4.8), total score (109.7 ± 13.2), barrier (0.2 ± 0.7), and cognition and behavior change score (8.5 ± 1.4). Perceived knowledge, attitude, practice, total score, and cognition and behavior changes were significantly and positively correlated, whereas barrier was negatively correlated with those scales (P < 0.001). Linear regressions revealed that those respondents who were medical professionals, civil servants, employees of state-owned enterprises and public institutions, and had relatively higher level of education were associated with a higher perceived knowledge score, attitude score, practice score, and total score. Higher mean cognition and behavior change score was associated with company employees (8.8 ± 1.3). More than half of the respondents (51.4%) were optimistic about the government's interventional measures. The respondents in China had good knowledge, positive attitude, and active practice toward COVID-19, yet, it is advisable to strengthen nationwide publicity and focus on the target undereducated population by means of We-Chat, microblog, website, and community workers for better control effect.
Pengaruh E-Wom Dan Risk Perception Terhadap Keputusan Berkunjung Wisatawan
Authors: Solichin Aditya , Resky Amalia Dhea Ayu , Katniaty Lily , Wisudawati Tri , Sulistyowati Ecclisia , Saputro Wahyu Adhi 
Published: February 2021

Kebutuhan wisata merupakan kebutuhan penting bagi masyarakat yang layak untuk dipenuhi. Wisata yang terlaris dan menjadi favorit adalah wisata alam yang memiliki ketertarikan tersendiri oleh masyarakat. Salah satu wisata alam yang ada di DI Yogyakarta khususnya di Kabupaten Gunungkidul adalah Gunung Api Purba Nglanggeran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh e-Wom dan risk perception terhadap keputusan berkunjung wisatawan di Gunung Api Purba Nglanggeran. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah wisatawan yang berkunjung ke tempat wisata di Kabupaten Gunungkidul sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah wisatawan yang berkunjung di Gunung Api Purba Nglanggeran. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yang diambil secara langsung dengan mewawancarai wisastawan dan data sekunder yang berasal dari jurnal, buku dan sumber lain yang masih relevan dengan penelitian ini. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa secara bersama-sama variabel e-WOM dan risk perception berpengaruh terhadap keputusan berkunjung wisatawan Gunung Api Purba Nglanggeran. Akan tetapi secara parsial hanya variabel e-WOM berpengaruh terhadap keputusan berkunjung wisatawan Gunung Api Purba Nglanggeran.
PENGEMBANGAN LKPD BERBASIS MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS
Authors: Herdiansyah Kiki 
Published: February 2021

This research aimed to analyze student worksheet development based on Problem Based Learning model in topic of Probability for Senior High School students of grade X. The instruments which were used in this research were the validation sheet of student worksheet for math lecturer and teacher in order to fulfill the validity aspect, the student scoring sheet in order to fulfill the applicability aspect, and critical mathematic thinking ability test in order to fulfill the effectiveness aspect. The result of the research showed that the student worksheet which was based on Problem Based Learning model had fulfilled the requirements and appropriateness standard based on content, design, and language expert. The data analysis of t-test towards of critical thinking ability showed that the critical thinking ability of students with Problem Based Learning model worksheet was higher than the critical thinking ability of students without Problem Based Learning model worksheet.
Giant Parasitic Fibroid Mimicking Gist: A Clinical Dilemma
Authors: Kurude Vilas Namdev , Gitte Venkat , Raheja Aastha , Kejriwal Anamika , Raut Shruti 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundParasitic fibroids are a rare type of fibroids without direct uterine attachment. They pose a diagnostic dilemma and often present atypically.Case descriptionWe report a rare case of large secondary parasitic fibroid in a 24 year unmarried female who presented with history of lump abdomen for 6 months. She had history of laparoscopic myomectomy done 2.5 years back for the same complaint with histopathology report suggestive of leiomyoma. On examination, it was found to be subserosal pedunculated fibroid. All the tumor markers were negative except CA 125 which was 225 IU/mL. Exploratory laparotomy was done. Uterus was normal size and seen separately. Bilateral tubes and ovaries were normal. A mass of size 30 × 22 × 15 cm, firm in consistency occupying all the quadrants of abdomen, was observed. It had no attachment to the uterus or to the bowel. Mass weighing 6.5 kg was removed completely and sent for histopathology. HPE report confirmed leiomyoma. Her postoperative period was uneventful.ConclusionIf the patient had prior history of myomectomy and mass is separate from the uterus with its blood supply away from uterus, diagnosis of parasitic leiomyoma should be considered.Clinical significanceDuring morcellation procedures, a thorough inspection and washing of peritoneal cavity must be carried out, and endoscopic bag should be used to prevent secondary parasitic leiomyoma.How to cite this articleKurude VN, Gitte V, Raheja A,et al. Giant Parasitic Fibroid Mimicking Gist: A Clinical Dilemma. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2020;8(1):49–51.
Complex Neuropsychiatric Manifestations in Binswanger Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Choudhury Sunayana , Sarkar Sukanto , Balasundaram Sivaprakash , Saldanha Natasha C 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
“Binswanger disease” is a controversial eponym frequently used to indicate a form of vascular dementia characterized by white matter rarefaction and lacunar infarcts. Clinical features of Binswanger disease are variable, and the psychiatric manifestations have been less well described. We report a case of a 78-year-old female presenting with 3-month history of precognitive experiences, hallucinations in multiple modalities, inappropriate behavior, insomnia, and deterioration in self-care. Patient is a known case of hypertension and has a past history of multiple transient ischemic attacks. Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Frontal Assessment Battery showed significant dysfunction. Neuropsychiatric inventory confirmed presence of psychopathology. Salient findings on magnetic resonance imaging brain included cerebral atrophy, chronic white matter ischemic changes, and multiple lacunar infarcts. The patient was prescribed second-generation antipsychotic along with cholinesterase inhibitor, NMDA receptor antagonist, and an antihypertensive. The patient improved with regard to psychotic symptoms and insomnia and is attending regular follow-up.
How to cite this article: Saldanha NC, Balasundaram S, Choudhury S, Sarkar S. Complex Neuropsychiatric Manifestations in Binswanger Disease: A Case Report. J Basic Clin Appl Health Sci 2020;3(4):171–173.
Aesthetics of Gentrification
Authors: Lindner Christoph , Sandoval Gerard , Newbury Susanna , Wesselman Daan , Storring Nate , Sirois Guillaume , Jein Gillian , Zipp Samuel , Amato Rebecca , Summers Brandi , Lin Jenny , Hock Jennifer , Lin Jan , Kalichman Beatriz , Rufino Beatriz , Jae-an Crisman Jonathan , Datta Ayona 
Published: February 2021

Gentrification is reshaping cities worldwide, resulting in seductive spaces and exclusive communities that aspire to innovation, creativity, sustainability, and technological sophistication. Gentrification is also contributing to growing social-spatial division and urban inequality and precarity. In a time of escalating housing crisis, unaffordable cities, and racial tension, scholars speak of eco-gentrification, techno-gentrification, super-gentrification, and planetary gentrification to describe the different forms and scales of involuntary displacement occurring in vulnerable communities in response to current patterns of development and the hype-driven discourses of the creative city, smart city, millennial city, and sustainable city.
In this context, how do contemporary creative practices in art, architecture, and related fields help to produce or resist gentrification? What does gentrification look and feel like in specific sites and communities around the globe, and how is that appearance or feeling implicated in promoting stylized renewal to a privileged public? In what ways do the aesthetics of gentrification express contested conditions of migration and mobility? Addressing these questions, this book examines the relationship between aesthetics and gentrification in contemporary cities from multiple, comparative, global, and transnational perspectives.
Refining the sea surface identification approach for determining freeboards in the ICESat-2 sea ice products
Authors: Kwok Ron , Petty Alek A. , Bagnardi Marco , Kurtz Nathan T. , Cunningham Glenn F. , Ivanoff Alvaro , Kacimi Sahra 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. In Release 001 and 002 of the ICESat-2 sea ice products,
candidate height segments used to estimate the reference sea surface height
for freeboard calculations included two surface types: specular and smooth
dark leads. We found that the uncorrected photon rates, used as proxies of
surface reflectance, are attenuated due to clouds resulting in the potential
misclassification of sea ice as dark leads, biasing the reference sea
surface height relative to those derived from the more reliable specular
returns. This results in higher reference sea surface heights and lower
estimated ice freeboards. The resolution of available cloud flags from the
ICESat-2 atmosphere data product is too coarse to provide useful filtering
at the lead segment scale. In Release 003, we have modified the surface-reference-finding algorithm so that only specular leads are used. The
consequence of this change can be seen in the composites of mean freeboard
of the Arctic and Southern oceans. Broadly, coverages have decreased by
∼10–20 % because there are fewer leads (by excluding the
dark leads), and the composite means have increased by 0–4 cm because of the
use of more consistent specular leads.
First Report on the Diversity of Epizoic Algae in Larval of Shellfish Gastropod Aliger gigas
Authors: Elizabeth Muciño-Márquez Rocío , Aldana-Aranda Dalila , Guadalupe Figueroa-Torres María , Hernández-Almeida Oscar 
Published: February 2021

Epibiosis occur frequently on the shells of some marine crustaceans, which often serve as substrate for various species of algae, there is few information on the associations between these. The objective of this study was to determine if the gastropod mollusk Aliger gigas (formerly Lobatus gigas) in larval had some sort of the association with algal. To the above was carried out collecting egg masses in the environment, the larvae were cultivated in seawater filtered 5 μm. The algal material found was observed in electron microscopy, for its identification and quantification. We analyzed 60 larvae aged 2–44 days for analyzing the structure of the shell and its epibionts. Of the larvae analyzed, 50 larvae presented epizoic. The algae community consisted of 28 taxa, and composed of 25 diatoms (Bacillariophyta) and three cyanophytes (Cyanobacteria). The H′ diversity values fluctuated between 0.2 a 1.2. The dominant and frequent species were formed by diatoms: Nitzschia panduriformis var. minor, Halamphora sp. and Cyclophora sp.
Retinoic Acid Induced Protein 14 (Rai14) is dispensable for mouse spermatogenesis
Authors: Wu Yangyang , Wang Ting , Zhao Zigao , Liu Siyu , Shen Cong , Li Hong , Liu Mingxi , Zheng Bo , Yu Jun , Huang Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2021

Background
Retinoic Acid Induced Protein 14 (Rai14) is an evolutionarily conserved gene that is highly expressed in the testis. Previous experiments have reported that small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene knockdown (KD) of Rai14 in rat testis disrupted spermatid polarity and transport. Of note, a gene knockout (KO) model is considered the “gold standard” for in vivo assessment of crucial gene functions. Herein, we used CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing to investigate the in vivo role of Rai14 in mouse testis.

Methods
Sperm concentration and motility were assayed using a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. Histological and immunofluorescence (IF) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to visualize the effects of Rai14 KO in the testes and epididymides. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) was used to determine apoptotic cells. Gene transcript levels were calculated by real-time quantitative PCR.

Results
Rai14 KO in mice depicted normal fertility and complete spermatogenesis, which is in sharp contrast with the results reported previously in a Rai14 KD rat model. Sperm parameters and cellular apoptosis did not appear to differ between wild-type (WT) and KO group. Mechanistically, in contrast to the well-known role of Rai14 in modulating the dynamics of F-actin at the ectoplasmic specialization (ES) junction in the testis, morphological changes of ES junction exhibited no differences between Rai14 KO and WT testes. Moreover, the F-actin surrounded at the ES junction was also comparable between the two groups.

Conclusion
In summary, our study demonstrates that Rai14 is dispensable for mouse spermatogenesis and fertility. Although the results of this study were negative, the phenotypic information obtained herein provide an enhanced understanding of the role of Rai14 in the testis, and researchers may refer to these results to avoid conducting redundant experiments.
Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Azoxyarenes via Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Dehydrogenative Coupling of Anilines with Nitrosoarenes
Authors: Shi Chongyang , Xu Boxia , Fang Xiaolan , Yu Xiaochun , Jin Huile , Wang Shun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenative coupling of nitrosobenzenes with anilines for the synthesis of unsymmetrical azoxybenzenes was developed. This approach uses O2 as the oxidant. The reaction products are diverse unsymmetrical azoxybenzenes rather than azobenzenes, which are obtained in the Mills reaction. The use of an inexpensive copper catalyst, a broad substrate scope, and mild reaction conditions make this protocol an atom‐economic and step‐economic procedure for preparing unsymmetrical azoxy compounds.magnified image
Gait variability across neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders: Results from the Canadian Consortium of Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA) and the Gait and Brain Study
Authors: Pieruccini‐Faria Frederico , Black Sandra E. , Masellis Mario , Smith Eric E. , Almeida Quincy J. , Li Karen Z. H. , Bherer Louis , Camicioli Richard , Montero‐Odasso Manuel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionGait impairment is common in neurodegenerative disorders. Specifically, gait variability—the stride‐to‐stride fluctuations in distance and time—has been associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. However, quantitative comparisons of gait impairments across the cognitive spectrum of dementias have not been systematically investigated.MethodsOlder adults (N = 500) with subjective cognitive impairment, Parkinson disease (PD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), PD‐MCI, Alzheimer's disease (AD), PD‐dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia, as well cognitive normal controls, who were assessed for their gait and cognitive performance.ResultsFactor analyses grouped 11 quantitative gait parameters and identified four independent gait domains: rhythm, pace, variability, and postural control, for group comparisons and classification analysis. Among these domains, only high gait variability was associated with lower cognitive performance and accurately discriminated AD from other neurodegenerative and cognitive conditions.DiscussionOur findings indicate that high gait variability is a marker of cognitive‐cortical dysfunction, which can help to identify Alzheimer's disease dementia.
ReI Tricarbonyl Complexes as Coordinate Covalent Inhibitors for the SARS‐CoV‐2 Main Cysteine Protease
Authors: Karges Johannes , Kalaj Mark , Gembicky Milan , Cohen Seth M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSince its outbreak, the severe acute respiratory syndrome—coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has impacted the quality of life and cost hundreds‐of‐thousands of lives worldwide. Based on its global spread and mortality, there is an urgent need for novel treatments which can combat this disease. To date, the 3‐chymotrypsin‐like protease (3CLpro), which is also known as the main protease, is considered among the most important pharmacological targets. The vast majority of investigated 3CLpro inhibitors are organic, non‐covalent binders. Herein, the use of inorganic, coordinate covalent binders is proposed that can attenuate the activity of the protease. ReI tricarbonyl complexes were identified that demonstrate coordinate covalent enzymatic inhibition of 3CLpro. Preliminary studies indicate the selective inhibition of 3CLpro over several human proteases. This study presents the first example of metal complexes as inhibitors for the 3CLpro cysteine protease.
Electrocatalytic Refinery for Sustainable Production of Fuels and Chemicals
Authors: Tang Cheng , Zheng Yao , Jaroniec Mietek , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCompared to modern fossil‐fuel‐based refineries, the emerging electrocatalytic refinery (e‐refinery) is a more sustainable and environmentally benign strategy to convert renewable feedstocks and energy sources into transportable fuels and value‐added chemicals. A crucial step in conducting e‐refinery processes is the development of appropriate reactions and optimal electrocatalysts for efficient cleavage and formation of chemical bonds. However, compared to well‐studied primary reactions (e.g., O2reduction, water splitting), the mechanistic aspects and materials design for emerging complex reactions are yet to be settled. To address this challenge, herein, we first present fundamentals of heterogeneous electrocatalysis and some primary reactions, and then implement these to establish the framework of e‐refinery by coupling in situ generated intermediates (integrated reactions) or products (tandem reactions). We also present a set of materials design principles and strategies to efficiently manipulate the reaction intermediates and pathways.
Scalable Negishi Coupling between Organozinc Compounds and (Hetero)Aryl Bromides under Aerobic Conditions when using Bulk Water or Deep Eutectic Solvents with no Additional Ligands
Authors: Dilauro Giuseppe , Azzollini Claudia S. , Vitale Paola , Salomone Antonio , Perna Filippo M. , Capriati Vito 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPd‐catalyzed Negishi cross‐coupling reactions between organozinc compounds and (hetero)aryl bromides have been reported when using bulk water as the reaction medium in the presence of NaCl or the biodegradable choline chloride/urea eutectic mixture. Both C(sp3)‐C(sp2) and C(sp2)‐C(sp2) couplings have been found to proceed smoothly, with high chemoselectivity, under mild conditions (room temperature or 60 °C) in air, and in competition with protonolysis. Additional benefits include very short reaction times (20 s), good to excellent yields (up to 98 %), wide substrate scope, and the tolerance of a variety of functional groups. The proposed novel protocol is scalable, and the practicability of the method is further highlighted by an easy recycling of both the catalyst and the eutectic mixture or water.