bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Dry Weight in Hemodialysis
Authors: JAEGER JACK Q. , MEHTA RAVINDRA L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
Fluid balance is an integral component of hemodialysis treatments to prevent under- or overhydration, both of which have been demonstrated to have significant effects on intradialytic morbidity and long-term cardiovascular complications. Fluid removal is usually achieved by ultrafiltration to achieve a clinically derived value for “dry weight.” Unfortunately, there is no standard measure of dry weight and as a consequence it is difficult to ascertain adequacy of fluid removal for an individual patient. Additionally, there is a lack of information on the effect of ultrafiltration on fluid shifts in the extracellular and intracellular fluid spaces. It is evident that a better understanding of both interdialytic fluid status and fluid changes during hemodialysis is required to develop a precise measure of fluid balance. This article describes the current status of dry weight estimation and reviews emerging techniques for evaluation of fluid shifts. Additionally, it explores the need for a marker of adequacy for fluid removal.
Neutral Lipid from Proteinuric Rat Urine Is a Novel Inhibitor of the Red Blood Cell Calcium Pump
Authors: LINDNER ARMANDO , HINDS THOMAS R. , JOLY ALISON , SCHREINER GEORGE F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
Proteinuria may be associated with hypertension and progression of renal insufficiency, which in turn may accompany abnormalities in cell calcium homeostasis. Therefore, urine from rats made proteinuric by puromycin aminoglycoside administration was analyzed, in a search for factors affecting cellular calcium transport. Proteinuric urine was fractionated by thin-layer chromatography and HPLC, and the effects of the fractions on the plasma membrane calcium pump in human red blood cells were assessed. Proteinuric urine contained a powerful specific inhibitor of the calcium pump that had little or no effect on the Na+/K+- or Mg2+-ATPases. The inhibitor was characterized as a neutral lipid, migrating as a single band, that inhibited 45Ca2+ efflux. To confirm the presence of an inhibitor in other proteinuric states, the urine from two patients with proteinuria was examined and subjected to chromatography as in the rat studies. These thin-layer chromatographic fractions contained a very strong inhibitor of the red blood cell calcium pump, suggesting that this substance may have relevance for the pathogenesis of proteinuric renal disease in human patients. Rat proximal tubule cells in tissue culture, when challenged with lipid-replete albumin, secreted an inhibitor of the calcium pump that migrated in the same chromatographic band as the urine factor. Therefore, the processing of fatty acids borne by albumin into endocytosing proximal tubular epithelium results in the synthesis and release of a previously unknown lipid modulator of the calcium pump, an effect that may predispose kidney tissue toward elevations in cytosolic calcium levels in target cells.
Binding of the Renal Epithelial Cell Line LLC-PK1 to Laminin Is Regulated by Protein Kinase C
Authors: KAPADIA RINA , YURCHENCO PETER D. , AMSLER KURT 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
The α6β1 integrin heterodimer has been implicated in the mediation of renal epithelial cell binding to laminin, and it has been suggested that this binding is important for renal morphogenesis and development. Studies of nonrenal cells have suggested that the functional activity of α6β1 integrin is regulated by protein kinase C (PKC) activity. In this study, the binding of a renal epithelial cell line, LLC-PK1, to laminin was characterized and the role of PKC activity in the modulation of binding was investigated. LLC-PK1 cells bound to laminin-coated surfaces in a time- and laminin concentration-dependent manner. Binding was strongly inhibited by anti-β1 integrin antibodies and by anti-α6 integrin antibodies. Antibodies against α2 integrin and α3 integrin had little inhibitory effect. Cells bound to both whole laminin and laminin fragment E8, i.e., the fragment to which the α6β1 integrin heterodimer binds. Exposure of cells to PKC activators for as little as 2 h enhanced cell binding to laminin approximately twofold, in a protein synthesis-dependent manner. PKC inhibitors antagonized this effect. PKC-stimulated binding was also inhibited by anti-β1 integrin and anti-α6 integrin antibodies. PKC activation did not alter expression of β1 integrin subunits at the cell surface after short time periods (2 to 4 h), but expression was increased after longer time periods (24 h). These results indicate that the renal epithelial cell line LLC-PK1 binds to laminin via the α6β1 integrin heterodimer and binding is enhanced by PKC activation. The PKC-mediated enhancement of binding requires protein synthesis and is mediated in part by activation of surface α6β1 integrin.
Expansion of Cortical Interstitium Is Limited by Converting Enzyme Inhibition in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Glomerulosclerosis
Authors: CORDONNIER DANIEL J. , PINEL NICOLE , BARRO CLAIRE , MAYNARD CLAIRE , ZAOUI PHILIPPE , HALIMI SERGE , DE LIGNY BRUNO HURAULT , REZNIC YVES , SIMON DOMINIQUE , BILOUS RUDOLF W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
Renal interstitial expansion is now considered a useful marker of progression of several nephropathies. This study describes a multicenter, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of the effects of Perindopril (4 mg/d) on kidney structure and function over 2 yr in 26 type 2 diabetic patients with proteinuria ranging from 70 to 4210 mg/d and relatively preserved GFR (creatinine clearance >60 ml/min). All patients underwent baseline renal biopsy, but four (15%) were not randomized because of the presence of nondiabetic nephropathy. The remaining 22 were randomized (11 to Perindopril [PE], 11 to placebo [PO]), and 19 (9 PE, 10 PO) underwent follow-up biopsy at 2 yr. BP was controlled equally in both groups throughout. Proteinuria increased in PO patients (+1562 mg/d) but declined in PE patients (-156 mg/d) (P < 0.05). Morphometric analysis was performed by light microscopy using a Biocom computer. Over the 2 yr, mean cortical interstitial fractional volume identical at baseline increased significantly in PO patients (31.7 ± 5.3 versus 40.2 ± 11.1%; P = 0.001) but was unchanged in PE patients (33.8 ± 4.9 versus 34.7 ± 6.6%; P = 0.50). It is concluded that: (1) nondiabetic nephropathy is present in approximately 15% of albuminuric type 2 diabetic patients; and (2) Perindopril prevents interstitial expansion in hypertensive patients with biopsy-proven diabetic glomerulopathy. These results support a role of angiotensin II in the progression of interstitial changes in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy.
Newer Immunosuppressive Drugs
Authors: GUMMERT JAN F. , IKONEN TUIJA , MORRIS RANDALL E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
In recent years, many new immunosuppressive drugs have been discovered and developed for clinical use in transplantation. This review focuses on those drugs (leflunomide, mycophenolate mofetil, sirolimus, tacrolimus) that have been shown to have immunosuppressive activity in patients. Different anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibodies are also reviewed as an example of a resurgence of development in the area of monoclonal antibodies. The price for reducing the incidence of allograft rejection by improved immunosuppression was thought to be a proportional increase in the incidence of infection and malignancy. Data from Phase III clinical trials of new immunosuppressants, however, show a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of acute rejection produced by these new drugs, which has not been accompanied by increases in infection and malignancy rates. The wide array of new drugs offers the opportunity to use combinations that block different pathways of immune activation while at the same time selecting drug combinations with nonoverlapping toxicity profiles so that doses of each single drug can be reduced below toxicity levels. The immunosuppressive therapy for patients can be tailored according to their individual needs.
Human Adolescent Nephronophthisis
Authors: OMRAN HEYMUT , HA[Combining Diaeresis]FFNER KARSTEN , BURTH SUSE , FERNANDEZ CARMEN , FARGIER BERNARDO , VILLAQUIRAN AMINTA , NOTHWANG HANS-GERD , SCHNITTGER SUSANNE , LEHRACH HANS , WOO DAVID , BRANDIS MATTHIAS , SUDBRAK RALF , HILDEBRANDT FRIEDHELM 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
In a large Venezuelan kindred, a new type of nephronophthisis was recently identified: Adolescent nephronophthisis (NPH3) is a late-onset recessive renal cystic disorder of the nephronophthisis/medullary cystic group of diseases causing end-stage renal disease at a median age of 19 yr. With the use of a homozygosity mapping strategy, the gene (NPHP3) was previously localized to chromosome 3q22 within a critical interval of 2.4 cM. In the current study, the NPHP3 genetic region was cloned and seven genes, eight expressed sequence-tagged sites, and seven microsatellites were physically localized within the critical disease interval. By human-mouse synteny analysis based on expressed genes, synteny between the human NPHP3 locus on chromosome 3q and the pcy locus on mouse chromosome 9 was clearly demonstrated, thus providing the first evidence of synteny between a human and a spontaneous murine renal cystic disease. By fluorescence in situ hybridization the chromosomal assignment of NPHP3 to chromosome 3q21-q22 was refined. Renal pathology in NPH3 was found to consist of tubular basement membranes changes, tubular atrophy and dilation, and sclerosing tubulointerstitial nephropathy. This pathology clearly resembled findings observed in the recessive pcy mouse model of late-onset polycystic kidney disease. In analogy to pcy, renal cyst development at the corticomedullary junction was found to be an early sign of the disease. Through cloning of the NPH3 critical region and mapping of expressed genes, synteny between human NPH3 and murine pcy was established, thus generating the hypothesis that both diseases are caused by recessive mutations of homologous genes.
Effect of Center- Versus Patient-Specific Factors on Variations in Dialysis Adequacy
Authors: FINK JEFFREY C. , BLAHUT STEVEN A. , BRIGLIA ANDREW E. , GARDNER JAMES F. , LIGHT PAUL D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
Efforts to improve the delivery of hemodialysis have focused mostly on identifying patient-related factors that lead to inadequate dialysis. Less consideration has been given to the impact of the dialysis center on adequacy. This study evaluated whether the dialysis facility or individual-level factors were the primary influence on variations in dialysis adequacy. This was a retrospective analysis of 4971 hemodialysis patients in 189 centers with urea reduction ratio (URR) values obtained in the final quarter of 1997. The between-center variation and the within-center correlation in URR values were quantified to determine the contribution of a center effect on variations in adequacy; furthermore, the proportion of variance attributable to the centers' effect and individual-level dialysis covariates were compared. There was a wider between-center variation in mean URR values (SD, 4.8%) than expected if there were no center effect (SD, 2.5%). There was a strong within-center correlation in URR values, measured by the parameter ρ, which was only minimally diminished after adjusting for individual-level covariates (adjusted ρ, 0.14; P < 0.0001). The variation in URR attributable to the center effect, quantified by R2, was greater than that related to individual-level dialysis factors (facility- and individual-level dialysis covariates R2, 23.6 and 11.3%, respectively). Initiatives to improve the delivery of dialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease should be directed at facility policies governing dialysis care, along with patient-specific problems, because center effects have a major influence on dialysis adequacy.
Structure of the Human Type IV Collagen Gene COL4A3 and Mutations in Autosomal Alport Syndrome
Authors: HEIDET LAURENCE , ARRONDEL CHRISTELLE , FORESTIER LIONEL , COHEN-SOLAL LOLA , MOLLET GERALDINE , GUTIERREZ BRUNO , STAVROU CHRISTOPHOROS , GUBLER MARIE CLAIRE , ANTIGNAC CORINNE 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
Mutations in either the COL4A3 or the COL4A4 genes, encoding the α3 and α4 chains of type IV collagen, are responsible for the autosomal-recessive form of Alport syndrome, a progressive hematuric nephropathy characterized by glomerular basement membrane abnormalities. Reported here are the complete COL4A3 exon-intron structure and a comprehensive screen for mutations of the 52 COL4A3 exons in 41 unrelated patients diagnosed as having autosomal Alport syndrome. This resulted in the identification of 21 mutations that are expected to be causative. Furthermore, it is shown that heterozygous COL4A3 missense mutations, when symptomatic, can be associated with a broad range of phenotypes, from familial benign hematuria to the complete features of Alport syndrome nephropathy.
Recursos Semióticos em Atividades de Modelagem Matemática
Authors: Almeida Lourdes Maria Werle de , Goulart Tania Camila Kochmanscky 
Published: May 2021

ResumoNeste artigo dirigimos nossa atenção à questão: quais recursos semióticos são ativados em atividades de modelagem matemática e como eles colaboram para o desenvolvimento da atividade? Nossas argumentações são fundamentadas, por um lado, em um quadro teórico que considera características da modelagem matemática bem como elementos relativos ao uso de recursos semióticos em atividades de ensino e aprendizagem e a constituição de pacotes semióticos. Por outro lado, consideramos uma pesquisa empírica em que atividades de modelagem matemática são desenvolvidas por alunos de uma disciplina de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral em um curso de Ciência da Computação. A pesquisa tem natureza qualitativa com cunho interpretativo. As análises nos permitem inferir que os alunos fazem uso de recursos semióticos de naturezas diversas de modo que se constituem pacotes semióticos relativamente às ações dos alunos nas diferentes fases do desenvolvimento de uma atividade de modelagem matemática. A ativação dos recursos semióticos bem como a sua colaboração para o desenvolvimento da atividade de modelagem matemática é ao mesmo tempo sincrônica e diacrônica de modo que não é possível afirmar especificamente quando um recurso atua de forma isolada ou conjuntamente com outros para potencializar a comunicação e organizar o pensamento. O que se pode concluir é que diferentes recursos semióticos atuam de maneira colaborativa para fomentar estas ações.
Palavras-chave: Educação Matemática. Modelagem Matemática. Recurso Semiótico. Pacote Semiótico.
AbstractIn this article we focus our attention on the question: what semiotic resources are activated in mathematical modeling activities and how do they collaborate in the development of the activity? Our arguments are based, on the one hand, on a theoretical framework that considers characteristics of mathematical modeling as well as elements related to the use of semiotic resources in teaching and learning activities. On the other hand, we consider an empirical research in which mathematical modeling activities are developed by students from a Differential and Integral Calculus discipline in a Computer Science course. From a qualitative research and interpretive nature, the analyzes allow us to infer that students make use of semiotic resources of different natures so that they constitute semiotic packages in relation to students' actions in the different phases of the development of a modeling activity mathematics. The activation of semiotic resources as well as their collaboration for the development of the mathematical modeling activity is both synchronous and diachronic so that it is not possible to state specifically when a resource acts in isolation or in conjunction with others to enhance communication and organize the thought. What can be concluded is that different semiotic resources work collaboratively to foster these actions.
Keywords: Mathematical Education. Mathematical Modeling. Semiotic Resource. Semiotic Package
Simulator Fetal Doppler
Authors: Fajrin Hanifah Rahmi , Maharani Sari , Fitriyah Aidatul 
Published: May 2021

Fetal Doppler adalah alat diagnostik yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi denyut jantung bayi yang berada dalam kandungan. Denyut jantung janin (DJJ) adalah sebuah indikator dalam sebuah pemeriksaan kandungan yang menandakan bahwa ada kehidupan di dalam kandungan seorang ibu, sehingga alat fetal doppler yang digunakan harus menampilkan Bit per menit (BPM) yang akurat agar tidak ada kesalahan dalam pemeriksaan janin. Oleh karena itu, harus dilakukan kalibrasi pada fetal doppler dengan alat kalibrator yaitu fetal simulator, menurut standar alat di Loka Pengamanan Fasilitas Kesehatan (LPFK) output yang digunakan diantaranya 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, dan 240 BPM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat alat Simulator BPM Untuk Fetal Doppler dengan penambahan pemilihan BPM 60 hingga 240 dengan kenaikan 30 dengan menggunakan selenoid sebagai pengganti detak jantung dan rangkaian elektronika pendukung lainnya. Pada pengukuran BPM 60 terdapat nilai error 0,027%, BPM 90 terdapat nilai error 0,034% , BPM 120 terdapat nilai error 3,3%, BPM 150 terdapat nilai error 0,031%, BPM 180 terdapat nilai error 0,031%, BPM 210 terdapat nilai error 0,019%, dan nilai error terkecil yaitu 0% pada titik pengukuran BPM 240. Alat Simulator BPM untuk Fetal Doppler dapat berfungsi dengan baik karena memiliki nilai error di bawah toleransi ±5 untuk BPM pada fetal doppler.
LIVING WITH TERROR NOT LIVING IN TERROR: RELIGIOUS FACTORS AFFECTING PEACE IN PAKISTANI AREAS OF SECTARIAN VIOLENCE
Authors: Ali Madad , Zubair Seema , Ullah Aman , Shakir Mahrukh , Maryam  , Khattak Sadaf Kalsoom 
Published: May 2021

Problem and aim of the study: This study is set out to investigate the impact of misinterpretation of religious education on sectarian violence in District Hangu.
Research methods: Primary data regarding religious education and its role in sectarian violence was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire. The sample size of 279 respondents from three selected villages of District Hangu was randomly selected through the proportional allocation method. The level of significant relationship of the study variables was determined through the Chi-Square test at the Bivariate level analysis. At the multivariate level analysis sect and education were used as controlled variables.
Results: Results show that religious education has a significant role in generating sectarian violence as the observed value of 27.617 as strongly significant at a 1% level of significance. Moreover, the findings of the study revealed the relationship between madrasas’ education and sectarian violence as significant ( ≤ 0.05) for both groups i.e., literate, and illiterate.
Application of the study: This empirical work is useful in policy planning for the institutionalism of religion. Notwithstanding, a policy for formal registration of all religious madrassas is the need of the day. The present study highlights that extremist literature should be banned in madrassas and there should be a proper syllabus for these institutions. The uniformity of religious education including modern education in their syllabus might be beneficial in this regard. Further, it is needed to focus on the development of underdeveloped areas of Pakistan and encourage cross religion and sects’ dialogue.
Originality and Novelty of the study: In Pakistan, the phenomena of sectarian violence have received limited attention in the literature. The existing empirical work in this area is primarily concerned with the political and social aspects of sectarian violence. Thus, the present study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by empirically exploring the issue of sectarian violence from a religious perspective. In this study, a novel method has been applied to determine the impact of religious education on sectarian violence by controlling the background variables of sect and education of the study participants. Such an application of the novel method is believed to enhance the validity of this study and vividly expose the role of sects in the sectarian violence in the research site.
Dodatek kwartalny
Authors: Uryszek Tomasz , Zimny Artur , Zygmunt Michał , Bogus Andrzej , Witczak Radosław 
Published: May 2021

„Ryzyko refinansowania długu Skarbu Państwa w Polsce”
„Koniunktura w sektorze przedsiębiorstw niefinansowych w 1. kwartale 2014 r.”
„Koniunktura giełdowa”
„Sytuacja gospodarcza w Polsce na koniec 1. Kwartału 2014 r.”
„Nowe narzędzia komunikacji banków centralnych z otoczeniem finansowym (forward quidance)”
„Zmiany w świecie finansów (podatków)”
GIANT CELL TUMOR OF THE RIBS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Pradana I Putu Gede Pradnyadewa , Edward Mouli 
Published: May 2021

Background: Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) is a benign tumor but can be malignant and spread to other organs. Common site of GCT develops in long bone, especially in the knee. A lesion that develops in flat bone is considered rare. This case report aims to recognize GCT of bone and its predilection and help improve diagnostics and manage this case to provide better results.Case Report: A seven-year-old female came with complaints of lump and intermittent pain in left-back. The lump is gradually getting more prominent. The pain is localized in the back mid-area, worsen with any touch around the area. On examination, there is deformity and mass on the posterolateral side at the 9th rib level around 3 cm in diameter. There was tenderness on palpation and limited range of motion (ROM). The cytological and radiological finding suggests GCT of bone. The patient had resection surgery of the lesion. The histopathologic results on the operative specimens confirmed the diagnosis of GCT.Discussion: An unusual location of GCT lesions needs to be a concern because they can be underdiagnosed not to receive optimal therapy. Inadequate therapy can increase the incidence of recurrence and malignancy changes. In this case, the patient had resection surgery. Postoperatively, the patient is in good condition with no sign of local recurrence.Conclusion: GCT should be included in the differential diagnosis of rib-originated tumors. Tumor lesions in unusual places other than long bones and occurs on the immature patient should be particular concern and confirmed diagnosis.