bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Talking
Authors: Kwan SanSan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This first chapter of Love Dances explores the ethics and politics of intercultural dance via a piece that draws on the modality of speech over that of movement. The chapter sets the stage for the other works examined in the book, all of which combine talking and dancing. It also places Pichet Klunchun and Myself within a longer history of intercultural dance and theater, reminding readers of the continuing context of Orientalism. As a duet between a white, European, heterosexual, cis-male, avant-garde choreographer and a Thai, heterosexual, cis-male, khon dancer, the work reproduces some of the more hackneyed patterns of Orientalist encounter, in contrast to the more complex not-exactly-East-not-exactly-West collaborations studied later in the book. As such, the piece provides a backdrop against which the other pieces may be understood. Finally, this chapter notes the ways that the cross-cultural and the aesthetic dynamics of this particular partnership tell us something about the pitfalls of intercultural collaboration, as well as the pedagogical potentials.
Motivational Processes in Emotional Aging
Authors: Wolfe Hannah , Isaacowitz Derek 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter considers the role of motivation in emotion-cognition links and how goals may relate to age differences (and similarities) in emotion regulation. Socioemotional selectivity theory (SST) posits that, as their future time perspective shrinks, older adults become more motivated to prioritize their emotional well-being and exhibit “positivity effects” in attention and memory. After reviewing basic evidence on age-related positivity effects, the chapter turns to studies that have attempted to highlight the role of goals specifically in contributing to age-related positivity effects. While some studies suggest that goals are important in producing age differences in emotion-cognition links, others have not found support for clear links to goals. The chapter considers these mixed findings in the context of recent work suggesting fewer age differences in emotion regulation than might be expected, as well as presents goals other than emotion regulation that may drive age differences in cognition.
Legal Contention and Minorities in Turkey
Authors: Aslan Senem 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter analyzes state-minority relations in Turkey as the state sought closer relations with the European Union over the last three decades. It examines the implementation of decisions by the European Court of Human Rights and the domestic courts as well as of legal reforms passed by the Turkish parliament that relate to the cultural demands of two largest minorities in Turkey, the Kurds and the Alevis. It underlines that in Turkey legislative reforms and progressive court judgments in favor of minority rights do not have much effect on shifting state policy on the ground. This is because state officials can act with impunity, enjoying wide discretionary authority and allowing extralegal and informal forms of official discrimination. Official discrimination can be best examined by focusing on administrative implementation rather than legal texts. This study also shows that the implementation of minority rights reforms is a contentious process that largely depends on bottom-up pressures through persistent social and political mobilization. In the absence of a strong movement, neither international pressure nor legal contention is adequate to change state policy on the ground.
Love, Trust, and Betrayal
Authors: Matthes Erich Hatala 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
When artists commit morally egregious acts, it often generates emotional conflict in their fans. For art lovers, a defining aspect of revelations about artists’ immoral behavior is how it makes them feel. They love the art but feel disgusted and betrayed by the artist’s actions. This chapter argues that feelings of betrayal can be appropriate given the love that fans bear toward artists, but this doesn’t necessarily require giving up the work that they love. In particular, it argues that the artwork of immoral artists has a special role to play in helping us reconcile the conflicting attitudes that can be generated when artists act immorally.
Partial Hegemony
Authors: Colgan Jeff D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
When and why does international order change? Easy to take for granted, international governing arrangements shape our world. They allow us to eat food imported from other countries, live safely from nuclear war, travel to foreign cities, profit from our savings, and much else. New threats, including climate change and simmering US-China hostility, lead many to worry that the “liberal order,” or the US position within it, is at risk. Theorists often try to understand that situation by looking at other cases of great power decline, like the British Empire or even ancient Athens. Yet so much is different about those cases that we can draw only imperfect lessons from them. A better approach is to look at how the United States itself already lost much of its international dominance, in the 1970s, in the realm of oil. Only now, with several decades of hindsight, can we fully appreciate it. The experiences of that partial decline in American hegemony, and the associated shifts in oil politics, can teach us a lot about general patterns of international order. Leaders and analysts can apply those lessons when seeking to understand or design new international governing arrangements on topics ranging from climate change to peacekeeping, and nuclear proliferation to the global energy transition.
The Rise of OPEC
Authors: Colgan Jeff D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Chapter 3 follows the rise of OPEC from 1960 to 1974. It explains how the Anglo-American oil companies known as the Seven Sisters lost control of the world’s oil production. These firms and their governments held the pre-OPEC order together by using both the threat of punishments (quasi-imperial power) and strategic benefits (market incentives). Racism and social hierarchy buttressed those relationships. Eventually, dissatisfied policymakers like Abdullah Tariki of Saudi Arabia and Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonzo of Venezuela created OPEC. They sought an economic sequel to decolonization. They cooperated effectively to shift the structure of the global oil market. A wave of nationalizations gave petrostates decision-making authority and the majority of the industry’s profits.
Method in Moral Inquiry
Authors: Kitcher Philip 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces the concept of pragmatic (non-goal-directed) progress and presents the proposed method for understanding problems of exclusion. It contrasts the pragmatist approach with that of scholars like Derek Parfit, Thomas Nagel, and T. M. Scanlon, who emphasize moral truth and (tacitly or explicitly) take progress to be the discovery of moral truths. The chapter argues that this conception is both incomplete and epistemologically problematic. The main work, however, is to show how to give substance to the notion of a moral problem and to describe procedures for addressing the case of exclusion, in which “the cries of the wounded” go unheard.
Account for the Future, not Just the Past
Authors: Hill Alice C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter maps the essential terrain for understanding climate risk: the future will no longer resemble the past. To avoid the collective failure of imagination that currently impedes efforts to address climate risks, decision makers, be they political or business leaders, should confront a never-before-experienced reality, namely that the globe’s climate has begun to move beyond its stable boundaries. A growing set of climate tools and services allow humans to identify and understand the looming future risks. Employing these tools to plan for climate change on a regional, national, and local scale, as well as within the private sector, will allow communities to build awareness and identify fresh approaches for adapting to the new climate reality. All of the planning in the world, however, will not ensure success when leaders lack the understanding, the will, or the skill to turn scientific information and plans into concrete action. As the fumbled response to the COVID-19 crisis in the United States revealed, leadership matters when it comes to global crises, like pandemics and climate change.
Rage in Work Clothes
Authors: Cherry Myisha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Chapter 3 moves from the theme of making value claims to motivating positive action. It gives an account of why Lordean rage is motivational and asks how it can fuel positive action. Through a brief engagement with cognitive science and social psychology, the text suggests that the fuel of Lordean rage’s motivation includes eagerness, self-belief, and optimism. Historical examples of freedom fighters Sojourner Truth, Ida B. Wells, and even Martin Luther King Jr. are provided as people whose angry antiracist actions were ignited by this fuel. Given the nature of Lordean rage, the chapter also explains why Lordean rage is more likely to motivate the outraged to engage in positive action than the other anger varieties discussed in Chapter 1. This chapter ends by responding to counterarguments against anger’s productivity and argues that Lordean rage is compatible and complementary with positive emotions like love and need not be replaced by them.
The Causal Revolution in Epistemology
Authors: Talbott William J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In Chapter 4, the author describes an important challenge to the Proof Paradigm in the 20th century, the causal paradigm. He identifies Gettier as the main catalyst for the causal revolution and traces the development of the causal paradigm in the work of Goldman, Dretske, and Nozick. The author argues that the causal revolution drew attention to an important element in epistemic rationality, which he illustrates with the example of Beauregard, the white supremacist. But he argues that causal-reliabilist theories cannot provide a complete account of epistemic justification or rationality. This motivates the author to develop his own distinctive theory of epistemic rationality. The chapter ends with an Afterword in which he illustrates the continuing influence of Hume’s epistemology in Lewis’s theory of counterfactuals.
Who Decides?
Authors: Sutton Jeffrey S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The earlier book, 51 Imperfect Solutions, told stories about specific state and federal individual constitutional rights, and explained two benefits of American federalism: how two sources of constitutional protection for liberty and property rights could be valuable to individual freedom and how the state courts could be useful laboratories of innovation when it comes to the development of national constitutional rights. This book tells the other half of the story. Instead of focusing on state constitutional individual rights, it focuses on state constitutional structure. Everything in law and politics, including individual rights, eventually comes back to divisions of power and the evergreen question: Who decides? The goal of this book is to tell the structure side of the story and to identify the shifting balances of power revealed when one accounts for American constitutional law as opposed to just federal constitutional law. Who Decides? contains three main parts—one each on the judicial, executive, and legislative branches—as well as stand-alone chapters on home-rule issues raised by local governments and the benefits and burdens raised by the ease of amending state constitutions. A theme in the book is the increasingly stark divide between the ever-more-democratic nature of state governments and the ever-less-democratic nature of the federal government over time.
Umpiring and Gerrymandering
Authors: Sutton Jeffrey S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the United States, the growth of judicial power started as a way to curb over-reaching, sometimes corrupt, state legislatures and manifested itself in allowing the judicial branch, as opposed to the other branches, to resolve more disputes over contracts, property, debts, and other distinctly nineteenth-century problems. For the last seventy-five years or so, however, something else has propelled its influence: the growth of constitutional review at the federal level, the power to invalidate state and federal civil laws and executive branch actions as well as state and federal criminal prosecutions. This chapter discusses what has become an acutely American dilemma, a fear that the courts will do too little in enforcing constitutional rights and a fear they will do too much. It considers the problems posed in each direction and the risks of politicizing the federal courts if they become the exclusive source of identifying constitutional individual and structural rights.
Judicial Review
Authors: Sutton Jeffrey S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The conventional account of judicial review starts with a US Supreme Court case, Marbury v. Madison. But judicial review in truth starts with the state courts and the state constitutions, not the US Supreme Court and the US Constitution. Before the US Constitution existed, the state courts established American judicial review and were the first courts to wrestle with the complexities of exercising it. Judicial review also is foremost a structural story, not an individual-rights story. The delegation of power to the judiciary to decide the meaning of our constitutions laid the groundwork for the growth in power of American courts—especially the federal courts, which have become the go-to answer for so many who-decides questions in American government over the last seventy-five years. This chapter begins a search for insights in resolving the dilemma of judicial review by looking at how the state courts innovated the concept and the ways they initially practiced it. It shows that the early state courts were deferential to the democratic branches of government. They rarely invalidated state laws and did so only when these laws violated a clear constitutional rule. That approach offers lessons for federal and state courts alike.
Are You a Territorial Judge or a Territorial Lawyer?
Authors: Sutton Jeffrey S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter looks at a later phase of state court history, one that necessarily concerns a different group of state courts but ultimately relates to all of them. Unlike the states that first entered the Union, most of the other states experienced a different pre-statehood status, usually as a territory of the United States. That status and the political experiences that went with it fed populist and distrust-of-government attitudes that fueled the growth of judicial elections, and helped to lay the political groundwork for popular constitutional initiatives that began in the early 1900s. Just as judicial elections were primarily a phenomenon of the states that began as territories, so the same would be true of popular initiatives. Why, the chapter asks, did the local-control preferences that prompted the territories to seek statehood not carry over into lasting local-control preferences in interpreting their own constitutions? The chapter promotes the use of the federal and state courts in judicial review, particularly when it comes to difficult-to-define American constitutional rights.
Local Governments
Authors: Sutton Jeffrey S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The US Constitution never mentions “city,” “county,” or “township,” not even “local” or “municipal” governments. It concerns itself only with sovereign entities. Because local governments “cannot claim to be sovereigns” and because whatever power a local government has tends to flow from its state, that sounds like the end of the matter. But local governments still exercise sovereign powers, including law enforcement, eminent domain, education, taxing, zoning, and other indispensable “attributes of sovereignty.” Even if the US Constitution does not mention cities by name and even if cities cannot claim sovereign status, the federal charter still has ample consequences for municipal governments. This chapter takes vertical separation of powers one step further, to federalism within federalism. It explains the division of powers between state and local governments and chronicles disputes that have arisen between them. If, in modern America, like-minded people increasingly gravitate to similar states, the same is true within states, whether in cities, suburbs, or rural areas. Home rule and other local allocations of power sometimes allow people in these communities to express their distinct political preferences and live under them, too.
Amending Constitutions to Meet Changing Circumstances
Authors: Sutton Jeffrey S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses the ultimate recourse of liberty, the freedom to change. Having ratified the structure and rights in our fifty-one constitutions, the people retained authority to alter them. Allowing citizens to amend their constitutions was contentious from the beginning. Thomas Jefferson insisted that all constitutions should provide each generation with an opportunity to choose its own form of government. James Madison, on the other hand, held the view that a readily amendable constitution would undermine stability. America ultimately adopted both views. In juxtaposition to the near-impossible amendment process at the federal level, the people easily may amend their state constitutions, usually with a 51% vote, often by citizen-initiated petitions. The differences between these models for change raise the possibility of state lending and federal borrowing in some instances and power-checking, freedom-securing separation in others.
Theories of Causation
Authors: Woodward James 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter is a critical discussion of some standard accounts of causation in the philosophical literature with brief forays into related literature in psychology and machine learning. Accounts discussed include regularity, counterfactual, interventionist, and geometrical mechanical theories. The use of directed graphs and structural equations to model causal relationships and the contrast between model-based and model-free approaches is also discussed. It is argued that model-based frameworks do a better job of representing causal relationships than frameworks that merely represent regularities or associations. The limitations of causal process theories even in capturing mechanical phenomena is also highlighted. This sets up a framework for subsequent discussion.
Choosing the Future
Authors: Mossberger Karen , Tolbert Caroline J. , LaCombe Scott J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 laid bare a persistent “digital divide” in both urban and rural communities at a time when access to education, work, health care, food, and government services relied on use of broadband or high-speed internet. A lifeline during the pandemic, broadband use is a fundamental resource for the future of opportunity in communities. Prior work has examined impacts for broadband infrastructure, but that indicates little about the extent to which local populations can afford and use the technology. With new data on broadband subscriptions from 2000 to 2017 and comprehensive analysis for states, counties, metros, cities, and neighborhoods, the authors argue that broadband use in the population is a form of digital human capital; like education, broadband use benefits communities as well as individuals. The evidence is compelling, with data over time that supports broadband’s causal impact across all types of communities, for economic prosperity, growth, income, employment, and policy innovation. Yet there are urban neighborhoods and rural counties where as little as one-quarter of the population has a broadband subscription, even when mobile is included. As “smart” cities and communities are built, employing artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things; as economies and jobs continue to experience rapid change; and as more information and services migrate online, it is communities with widespread broadband use that will be best positioned for inclusive innovation, with the digital human capital to thrive.
Universal Politics
Authors: Kapoor Ilan , Zalloua Zahi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This book claims that there is a negativity at the core of all social articulations that provides the basis for a universal politics. Drawing principally on the work of Slavoj Žižek, the book suggests that the social is punctured by an impossibility—an incompletion—that, rather than serving as a barrier to politics, lays a foundation for shared struggle. The book thus argues for a negative universality, rooted not in a positive element (e.g., identity-based politics) but a discordant one, so that under our current global capitalist system, solidarity is to be forged on the basis of social antagonism (i.e., shared experiences of exploitation and marginalization). Such a conception of shared struggle avoids the trap of both a neocolonial universalism (e.g., the rights of white men parading as universal rights) and the narrow particularism of identity-based politics. Most importantly, it foregrounds the struggles of the systematically dispossessed and excluded (the permanently unemployed, migrants, refugees, sweatshop laborers, etc.), who stand as symptom of our global capitalist order. The book compares “negative universality” with four competing contemporary versions of universalism—conservative, liberal, postcolonial, and Marxist. It also brings “negative universality” into dialogue with present-day critics of universalism—postmodernists, post-Marxists, queer theorists, decolonial pluriversalists, and new materialists. Finally, it examines what a universal politics might look like today in the context of such key global sites of struggle as climate change, the refugee crisis, the Palestinian question, Black Lives Matter, #MeToo, political Islam, workers’ struggles, the Bolivian state under Morales, the European Union, and Covid-19.
Reshaping Platform-Driven Digital Markets
Authors: Mazzucato Mariana , Entsminger Josh , Kattel Rainer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The market size and strength of the major digital platform companies has invited international concern about how such firms should best be regulated to serve the interests of wider society, with a particular emphasis on the need for new antitrust legislation. Using a normative innovation systems approach, this chapter investigates how current antitrust models may insufficiently address the value-extracting features of existing data-intensive and platform-oriented industry behaviour and business models. To do so, it employs the concept of economic rents to investigate how digital platforms create and extract value. Two forms of rent are elaborated: ‘network monopoly rents’ and ‘algorithmic rents’. By identifying such rents more precisely, policymakers and researchers can better direct regulatory investigations, as well as broader industrial and innovation policy approaches, to shape the features of platform-driven digital markets.