bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Physicians' Perception of the Use and Effectiveness of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures in Chronic Cough Patients
Authors: Puente-Maestu Luis , Molina-París Jesús , Trigueros Juan A. , Gómez-Sáenz J. Tomás , Cea-Calvo Luis , Fernández Sabela , Sánchez-Jareño Marta , Domínguez-Ortega Javier 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to understand the perception of family physicians, pulmonologists, and allergists with respect to diagnostic tests performed on patients with chronic cough and treatments prescribed to patients with refractory or unexplained chronic cough. We also assessed how these health professionals perceived the effectiveness of these treatments.MethodsAn anonymous survey was distributed by the scientific societies SEPAR, SEAIC, SEMERGEN, semFYC, and SEMG. Respondents were asked how often they perform diagnostic tests and prescribe treatments (responses from 1 = never to 10 = always) and how they perceived the effectiveness of the drugs used (from 1 = not at all to 10 = very effective). The correlation between perceived effectiveness and frequency of prescription was analyzed.ResultsThe respondents comprised 620 family physicians, 92 pulmonologists, and 62 allergists. The most frequently performed diagnostic tests were chest x-ray and, among pulmonologists and allergists, simple spirometry and bronchodilator tests. The most frequently prescribed drugs were bronchodilators (percentages scoring 8–10 for each specialty: 43.2%, 42.4%, and 56.5%;p = 0.127), inhaled corticosteroids (36.9%, 55.4%, and 54.8%;p < 0.001), and antitussives (family physicians, 33.4%). Regarding perceived effectiveness, only bronchodilators, inhaled or oral corticosteroids, and opioids obtained a median effectiveness score > 5 (between 6 and 7). Correlation coefficients (ρ2) suggested that approximately 45% of prescription was related to perceived effectiveness.ConclusionAlthough chronic cough is a common problem, diagnosis and treatment differ among specialists. The perceived effectiveness of drugs is generally low.
Safety und Security – ein Spannungsfeld in der industriellen Praxis
Authors: Hollerer Siegfried , Kastner Wolfgang , Sauter Thilo 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Grenzen zwischen Informationstechnologie (IT) und Betriebstechnik (OT) verschwimmen zunehmend, wodurch die Schutzziele Informations- und Datensicherheit (Security) und Betriebssicherheit (Safety) ebenfalls immer stärker voneinander abhängen. Beispielsweise können Cyber-Angriffe Safety-Funktionen verändern und dadurch Menschen und die Umgebung gefährden. Umgekehrt kann der Missbrauch einer Safety-Funktion zum Stopp einer Maschine oder Produktionslinie führen und so die Verfügbarkeit beeinträchtigen. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich damit, wie verschiedene österreichische Stakeholder der Industrie aktuell mit Security- und Safety-Risiken umgehen, um unerwünschte Situationen zu vermeiden oder zu verhindern. Bei dieser Analyse werden sowohl Hersteller von Produkten oder Komponenten als auch Integratoren und Betreiber industrieller Systeme befragt. Es werden dabei die Themengebiete sichere Infrastrukturen und Systemarchitekturen sowie Risikomanagement betrachtet. Die daraus abgeleiteten Ergebnisse bieten Einblicke in den aktuellen Stand beim Umgang mit Safety und Security in der Industrie.
Utility-based operation management for low voltage distribution grids using online optimization
Authors: Ipach Hanko , Fisser Leonard , Becker Christian , Timm-Giel Andreas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present an operation management controller for low voltage (LV) grids that coordinates a multitude of distributed energy resources (DER) in real time to maximize the utilization of renewable energy production. It utilizes an LTE radio network that connects the DERs to the distribution system operator. In our approach, utility functions are assigned to the DERs, and the utility maximization is formulated as an optimization problem. The optimization problem is solved by an iterative algorithm that performs incremental updates of the DER power set values to achieve the optimum. In order to take the state of the grid in the optimization process into account, the state of the grid is estimated. During the simulation of a use case, we demonstrate the applicability and identify the benefits of our approach compared to an established optimal power flow (OPF) method. Particular emphasis is put on evaluating the communication delay and feasibility of the required communication network, as the iterative approach leads to a high communication load.
Prevalence and trends in obesity among Austrian conscripts from 1983 to 2017
Authors: Yang Lin , Juan Alfred , Waldhoer Thomas 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThis article describes the recent prevalence and trend in weight status in young men over three and half decades among Austrian conscripts overall and by subgroups defined by education and smoking behavior. We extracted medical record data from six medical examination stations across the country of all Austrian military conscripts (aged 17–19 years) recruited between 1983 and 2017 (n = 1.5 million). Weight and height were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). Mean BMI increased from 22.7 to 24.3 kg/m2 between 1983 and 2017. Over time, the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) increased from 1.6% (95% CI 1.6–1.7%) to 8.2% (95% CI 8.1–8.3%). The prevalence of obesity among Austrian young men increased remarkably in the past 35 years. Higher levels of education appeared to be associated with lower prevalence of obesity, particularly among the non-smokers.
Fortentwicklung des unionalen Infrastrukturrechts – Gedanken zur integrativen räumlichen Steuerung auf EU-Ebene
Authors: Erbguth Wilfried 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungAus den unionalen Verträgen folgt eine allgemeine Pflicht zu einem dem Nachhaltigkeitsprinzip
verpflichteten und damit integrativen Handeln. Das richtet sich auch an die EU-Organe im Rahmen der räumlichen
Verkehrs- und Energieplanung. Wie zur nationalen Ebene dargelegt, bedarf es hier gleichermaßen einer
“Raumordnerisierung” der raumplanerischen Agenden. Der Beitrag geht dem nach und entwickelt
Vorschläge zur entsprechenden rechtlichen Fortentwicklung, zur diesbzgl. Harmonisierung des mitgliedstaatlichen
Rechts, aber auch mit Blick auf die Einführung einer EU-Kompetenz zur Raumordnung.
How do Fines and Their Enforcement on Counterfeit Products Affect Social Welfare?
Authors: Biancardi Marta , Di Liddo Andrea , Villani Giovanni 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe consider a differential game which models the competition between a genuine and a counterfeit producer. The genuine manufacturer acts as a leader, first announcing the price of the product and the investments in advertising. After observing the leader’s decisions, the counterfeiter sets the selling price of the fakes. We assume that the demand of the good is driven by the brand-name goodwill. We calculate the Stackelberg feedback equilibria and the social welfare, defined by the unweighted sum of the genuine and fakes consumers, the profit of the genuine firm, minus the enforcement costs borne by the social planner. The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly we study the dependence of social welfare on the amount of the fines established in the IPR law and monitoring efforts. Then, we compare prices, profits and social welfare under Nash and Stackelberg framework.
The strong law of large numbers for sums of randomly chosen random variables
Authors: Gdula Agnieszka M. , Krajka Andrzej 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLet {Xn,n ≥ 1} be a sequence of independent or identically distributed dependent random variables, and let {An,n ≥ 1} be a sequence of random subsets of natural numbers independent of {Xn, n ≥ 1}. In this paper, we describe the strong law of large numbers (SLLN) of the form $$ {\sum}_{i\in {A}_n}\left({X}_i-\mathrm{E}{\sum}_{i\in {A}_n}{X}_i\right)/{b}_n\to 0\ \mathrm{a}.\mathrm{s}. $$

∑

i
∈

A
n

X
i

−
E

∑

i
∈

A
n

X
i

/

b
n

→
0

a
.
s
.
as n → ∞ for some sequence of nondecreasing positive numbers {bn, n ≥ 1}. There often arises an assumption that {An, n ≥ 1} are almost surely increasing: An ⊂ An + 1, a. s n ≥ 1.
Drawingvoice 2.0: classroom joint designing and Facebook interactions to develop reflexivity and awareness
Authors: Carnevale Stefania , Di Napoli Immacolata , Esposito Francesca , Arcidiacono Caterina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract Drawingvoice 2.0 is an instructional method of collaborative pencil and paper drawing to use in the school classroom, followed by Facebook interaction on the drawing produced in class. It is based on a participatory and meta reflective approach, explicitly aimed at deconstructing, negotiating, and reconstructing the meaning that students attribute to themselves regarding their professional expectations and educational pathways. In particular, the collaborative pencil and paper drawing allows for the student’s emotional symbolisation processes underlying their educational pathway. Drawingvoice 2.0 induces a multidimensional cognitive and meta-cognitive process further supported by the following interaction on Facebook. Therefore, the World Wide Web is the added resource for sharing and deepening the classmates’ discussion. Finally, Drawingvoice 2.0 supported structural group interaction and was an important supportive and instructional method to bring about transformational and developmental training practices. As the main result, in our experience, psychology students increased their reflectivity about their strengths and threats in being psychologists within their cultural contexts and potential positive resources underlying their choice. Drawingvoice 2.0 thus enhanced their self-awareness about the lights and shadows of their training and future professional career.
Role of CT angiography in detecting acute pulmonary embolism associated with COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Masselli Gabriele , Almberger Maria , Tortora Alessandra , Capoccia Lucia , Dolciami Miriam , D’Aprile Maria Rosaria , Valentini Cristina , Avventurieri Giacinta , Bracci Stefano , Ricci Paolo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Recently coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused a global pandemic, characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The aim of our study was to detect pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with severe form of COVID-19 infection using pulmonary CT angiography, and its associations with clinical and laboratory parameters.

Methods
From March to December 2020, we performed a prospective monocentric study collecting data from 374 consecutive patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction (rRT-PCR) assay of nasopharyngeal swab specimens. We subsequently selected patients with at least two of the following inclusion criteria: (1) severe acute respiratory symptoms (such as dyspnea, persistent cough, fever > 37.5 °C, fatigue, etc.); (2) arterial oxygen saturation ≤ 93% at rest; (3) elevated D-dimer (≥ 500 ng/mL) and C-reactive protein levels (≥ 0.50 mg/dL); and (4) presence of comorbidities. A total of 63/374 (17%) patients met the inclusion criteria and underwent CT angiography during intravenous injection of iodinated contrast agent (Iomeprol 400 mgI/mL). Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon rank-sum and Chi-square tests.

Results
About, 26/60 patients (40%) were found positive for PE at chest CT angiography. In these patients, D-dimer and CRP values were significantly higher, while a reduction in SaO2 < 93% was more common than in patients without PE (P < 0.001). Median time between illness onset and CT scan was significantly longer (15 days; P < 0.001) in patients with PE. These were more likely to be admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (19/26 vs. 11/34 patients; P < 0.001) and required mechanical ventilation more frequently than those without PE (15/26 patients vs. 9/34 patients; P < 0.001). Vascular enlargement was significantly more frequent in patients with PE than in those without (P = 0.041).

Conclusions
Our results pointed out that patients affected by severe clinical features of COVID-19 associated with comorbidities and significant increase of D-dimer levels developed acute mono- or bi-lateral pulmonary embolism in 40% of cases. Therefore, the use of CT angiography rather than non-contrast CT should be considered in these patients, allowing a better evaluation, that can help the management and improve the outcomes.
Identifying human trafficking indicators in the UK online sex market
Authors: Giommoni Luca , Ikwu Ruth 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study identifies the presence of human trafficking indicators in a UK-based sample of sex workers who advertise their services online. To this end, we developed a crawling and scraping software that enabled the collection of information from 17, 362 advertisements for female sex workers posted on the largest dedicated platform for sex work services in the UK. We then established a set of 10 indicators of human trafficking and a transparent and replicable methodology through which to detect their presence in our sample. Most of the advertisements (58.3%) contained only one indicator, while 3,694 of the advertisements (21.3%) presented 2 indicators of human trafficking. Only 1.7% of the advertisements reported three or more indicators, while there were no advertisements that featured more than four. 3, 255 advertisements (19.0%) did not contain any indicators of human trafficking. Based on this analysis, we propose that this approach constitutes an effective screening process for quickly identifying suspicious cases, which can then be examined by more comprehensive and accurate tools to identify if human trafficking is occurring. We conclude by calling for more empirical research into human trafficking indicators.
Characterization of flow units, rock and pore types for Mishrif Reservoir in West Qurna oilfield, Southern Iraq by using lithofacies data
Authors: Al-Dujaili Ahmed N. , Shabani Mehdi , AL-Jawad Mohammed S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study has been accomplished by testing three different models to determine rocks type, pore throat radius, and flow units for Mishrif Formation in West Qurna oilfield in Southern Iraq based on Mishrif full diameter cores from 20 wells. The three models that were used in this study were Lucia rocks type classification, Winland plot was utilized to determine the pore throat radius depending on the mercury injection test (r35), and (FZI) concepts to identify flow units which enabled us to recognize the differences between Mishrif units in these three categories. The study of pore characteristics is very significant in reservoir evaluation. It controls the storage mechanism and reservoir fluid properties of the permeable units while pore structure is a critical controlling factor for the petrophysical properties and multiphase-flow characteristics in reservoir rocks. Flow zone indicator (FZI) has been used to identify the hydraulic flow units approach (HFUs). Each (HFU) was reproduced by certain FZI and was supposed to have similar geological and petrophysical properties. The samples were from four lithofacies, mA, CRII, mB1, and mB2. Because of the wide range of cored-wells samples (20 wells), this paper is updated the previous studies and indicated some differences in the resulting categories. It was noticed as results of this study that the rocks types of the lower Mishrif were mostly ranged from wackestone to packstone in the upper part of mB2 which reflected mid-ramp facies while the upper part of mB2 referred to shoal facies and for the mB1 unit the rocks types mostly range from packstone to grainstone with some points as wackestone marked as shoal and rudist bioherm facies. Grainstone relatively decreases with the increasing of depth from upper to lower Mishrif while wackestone and packstone indicated increasing in the same direction. The unit mA is marked as mesopores and macropores, while megapores and macropores feature increased in mB1 which has been noticed in the northern part of West Qurna oilfield due to increasing shoal and rudist bioherm facies, the mB2 unit revealed increasing in mesoporous and decreasing in megaporous. The upper Mishrif (mA) has three flow units, while the lower Mishrif (mB1, mB2) has eight flow units four for each reservoir unit.
The David-And-Goliath-esque Problematic of “Unfair Advantage” in Trade Mark Law: Is the EU Moving Towards a Categorical Protection of Famous Brands?
Authors: Taylor Heather 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe extended protection of trade marks with a reputation is losing its “exceptional” character, making way for an almost categorical bar to the registration of any competing sign; indeed, the “unfair advantage” requirement appears to have been confounded with that of similarity. Certainly, trade marks are recognized as a legitimate restriction of the freedom of commerce and, arguably, in principle, competitors can and should invest their own efforts into conceiving and promoting an original sign under which they can market their goods and services. Nevertheless, trade mark law, insofar as it protects the investment function of a reputed mark, does not for as much shield the proprietor from all competition, even if this means that he must work harder in order to preserve this reputation. Indeed, the use of a similar sign is sometimes deemed to be ineluctable, where the applicant demonstrates that he cannot reasonably be required to abstain from using such a sign as, for example, it would be made necessary for the marketing of his products. This is especially true where the sign makes use of descriptive terms or elements in order to indicate the type of goods or services offered by the applicant under the mark applied for. This paper aims to critically discuss the most recent EU and UK jurisprudence on “unfair advantage” in the context of trade mark registration and infringement, focussing primarily on the components of this EU creation and how they are interpreted by courts on both a national and EU level.
Homophobia and national collective narcissism in populist Poland
Authors: Mole Richard C. M. , Golec de Zavala Agnieszka , Ardag Mahmut Murat 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOpposition to sexual minority rights in Poland is among the highest in the EU. Populist political actors in the country repeatedly scapegoat gays and lesbians, presenting them as a threat to the Polish nation and its shared norms and values, particularly those derived from religion. Building upon previous research which shows how discourse constructing homosexuality as a threat to the nation has been used by social and political actors to legitimize homophobic rhetoric and behaviour, our paper shows whether nationalism—understood here as national collective narcissism—predicts prejudice towards gays and lesbians at the level of individual beliefs.
The Portuguese mediterranean diet wheel: development considerations
Authors: Rodrigues Sara Simões Pereira , Franchini Bela Maria , Pinho Inês Santos Martins de , Graça Antonio Pedro Soares Ricardo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractScientific evidence has been reporting the health and environmental benefits of the Mediterranean diet. However, countries of the Mediterranean region, Portugal included, are gradually abandoning this traditional food pattern. The aim of the present work was to develop the Portuguese Mediterranean diet wheel. Three main steps were followed: (1) establishment of the most relevant Mediterranean diet and lifestyle principles to improve this pattern among the Portuguese population; (2) converting those principles into a captivating and easy to understand tool and (3) obtaining experts’ opinion. By a matter of consistency, the preservation and transmission of the Mediterranean heritage was represented through an upgrade of the current Portuguese food wheel guide. This complementary tool highlights the Mediterranean diet enlarged character that encompasses a healthy lifestyle and reinforces sociocultural and environmental features. It was launched at the end of 2016 and was nationally disseminated with the support of the Portuguese Health Directorate. Initially it was presented in a poster format image that was subsequently spread in different communication formats. This newly developed Mediterranean food guide is a complementary educational tool that will support health and education professionals in the never ending mission of promoting healthy food choices.
LITERAL BODIES (SOMATA): A TELESTICH IN OVID (METAMORPHOSES 1.406–11)
Authors: Abad Del Vecchio Julene 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThis article draws attention to the presence of a previously unnoticed transliterated telestich (SOMATA) in the transformation of stones into bodies in the episode of Deucalion and Pyrrha in Ovid's Metamorphoses (1.406–11). Detection of the Greek intext, which befits the episode's amplified bilingual atmosphere, is encouraged by a number of textual cues. The article also suggests a ludic connection to Aratus’ Phaenomena.
The mechanics of mitotic chromosomes
Authors: Man T. , Witt H. , Peterman E. J. G. , Wuite G. J. L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCondensation and faithful separation of the genome are crucial for the cellular life cycle. During chromosome segregation, mechanical forces generated by the mitotic spindle pull apart the sister chromatids. The mechanical nature of this process has motivated a lot of research interest into the mechanical properties of mitotic chromosomes. Although their fundamental mechanical characteristics are known, it still remains unclear how these characteristics emerge from the structure of the mitotic chromosome. Recent advances in genomics, computational and super-resolution microscopy techniques have greatly promoted our understanding of the chromosomal structure and have motivated us to review the mechanical characteristics of chromosomes in light of the current structural insights. In this review, we will first introduce the current understanding of the chromosomal structure, before reviewing characteristic mechanical properties such as the Young's modulus and the bending modulus of mitotic chromosomes. Then we will address the approaches used to relate mechanical properties to the structure of chromosomes and we will also discuss how mechanical characterization can aid in elucidating their structure. Finally, future challenges, recent developments and emergent questions in this research field will be discussed.
Migrants’ pathways to aged care: the role of local relationships of care in facilitating access for super-diverse older populations
Authors: Carlsson Hanna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe literature on older migrants often focuses on identifying the characteristics of ethnic groups that constitute ‘barriers’ for members of these populations to access care. This paper offers an alternative conceptualisation of access to care, by combining relational approaches to place and the notion of super-diversity. From this perspective, ‘access to care’ is perceived as an outcome of an individual's embeddedness in relationships of care in urban places. The objective of the study is to identify relationships of care that facilitate access to aged care for older first-generation migrants. Thirty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted with older migrants who were residents of Nijmegen or The Hague, The Netherlands. All interviewees had accessed home care, home aid and/or day care. Both relationships with minority-specific services and informal relationships of care, particularly those within local minority communities, were found to facilitate access to aged care. Past experiences with health and social care were also found to influence current relationships with formal care providers. This study, therefore, suggests that policy makers and care organisations should build long-term positive relationships with new and incoming migrant groups. In addition, it argues that policy makers and care providers should identify locally relevant shared migration-related (rather than ethnic) identities around which communities can be mobilised and targeted with appropriate services.