bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future orientation in successful therapies: Expanding the concept of goal in the working alliance
Authors: Oddli Hanne W. , McLeod John , Nissen‐Lie Helene A. , Rønnestad Michael H. , Halvorsen Margrethe S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo better understand how therapists facilitate client goal attainment in therapy, we analyzed therapists’ future‐oriented actions in good outcome cases in which clients recorded high ratings on goal items in the Working Alliance Inventory‐Short Revised.MethodWe selected clients who were within the clinical range (OQ‐45.2) at pretreatment, demonstrated reliable change at the end of treatment, and recorded high WAI client goals scores early in treatment. Qualitative analyses of transcripts of the initial three sessions and client posttreatment interviews were integrated into a combined analysis to identify themes across the two separate sets of findings.ResultsTherapist future‐oriented activity included: (1) Picking up explicit and implicit intentions; (2) using linguistic devices, such as meta‐communication, action language, and hedging; (3) using evocative interventions; and (4) nudging the client into practicing change. Core finding: Therapists aligned with clients’ directionality in a forward‐driven, gradually evolving process.ConclusionConceptual and clinical implications are discussed.
The effect of caffeine, metronidazole, and ibuprofen on continuous flow activated sludge process
Authors: Kanafin Yerkanat N , Kakimov Yerbolat , Adamov Assyl , Makhatova Ardak , Yeshmuratov Abilmansur , Poulopoulos Stavros G , Inglezakis Vassilis J , Arkhangelsky Elizabeth 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this work was to study the biological treatment of a synthetic wastewater containing emerging contaminants. The 95‐day experiment was conducted in an 81 L continuous flow conventional activated sludge apparatus consisting of anoxic and aerobic reactors with internal recycling, and a clarifier with activated sludge recycling. Real activated sludge from the municipal wastewater treatment plant in the Nur‐Sultan city was used. The degradation efficiencies of caffeine, metronidazole, and ibuprofen in the synthetic wastewater were studied either separately or in combination.RESULTSWhen treated separately at the concentration of 30 mg/L, the degradation of caffeine and ibuprofen was up to 100%, while the degradation of metronidazole was in the range of 12–27%. Caffeine and ibuprofen inhibited the nitrification process, while the presence of metronidazole in the system suppressed the activity of denitrifying microorganisms. The biological treatment of the synthetic wastewater containing all three compounds (at the concentration of 10 mg/L each) resulted in degradation of caffeine and ibuprofen up to 100%, and 56% in the case of metronidazole. As both nitrification and denitrification processes were affected, the total nitrogen removal was significantly reduced from 53% to 22%.CONCLUSIONComplete degradation of caffeine and ibuprofen, and partial degradation of metronidazole were observed in a synthetic wastewater using the activated sludge process. As the presence of emerging pollutants in a wastewater affects the general efficiency of the wastewater treatment plants, other physical or chemical pre‐treatment should be utilized to minimize the harmful effect of contaminants on the biological processes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Strongly perfect claw‐free graphs—A short proof
Authors: Chudnovsky Maria , Dibek Cemil 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA graph is strongly perfect if every induced subgraph of it has a stable set that meets every maximal clique of . A graph is claw‐free if no vertex has three pairwise nonadjacent neighbors. The characterization of claw‐free graphs that are strongly perfect by a set of forbidden induced subgraphs was conjectured by Ravindra in 1990 and was proved by Wang in 2006. Here we give a shorter proof of this characterization.
A Mixed‐Method Analysis of Remittance Scripts Among Bolivian Immigrants in Spain
Authors: Parella Sònia , Silvestre Javier , Petroff Alisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe use of mixed methods to deal with the complexity of remittance motivations is still infrequent. This paper uses statistical and qualitative data and provides evidence on the conceptual framework for understanding remittance behaviour proposed by the scholar Jørgen Carling. Carling's ‘remittance scripts’ understand remittances as multifaceted transactions and enrich the assessment of the relationship between remittances and development at origin. We use quantitative and qualitative data, both extracted from an ethnosurvey conducted in Spain, to shed light on the situation of transnational Bolivian immigrants after the economic crisis of 2008. We argue that the transactions are best represented by the necessity to provide for the recipients' basic needs. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is SGSH heterozygosity a risk factor for early‐onset neurodegenerative disease?
Authors: Douglass Meghan L. , Beard Helen , Shoubridge Andrew , Nazri Nazzmer , King Barbara , Trim Paul J. , Duplock Stephen K. , Snel Marten F. , Hopwood John J. , Hemsley Kim M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLysosomal dysfunction may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) have been found in PD patients, and some but not all mutations in other lysosomal enzyme genes, for example, NPC1 and MCOLN1 have been associated with PD. We have examined the behaviour and brain structure of mice carrying a D31N mutation in the sulphamidase (Sgsh) gene which encodes a lysosomal sulphatase. Female heterozygotes and wildtype mice aged 12‐, 15‐, 18‐ and 21‐months of age underwent motor phenotyping and the brain was comprehensively evaluated for disease‐associated lesions. Heterozygous mice exhibited impaired performance in the negative geotaxis test when compared with wildtype mice. Whilst the brain of Sgsh heterozygotes aged up to 21‐months did not exhibit any of the gross features of PD, Alzheimer's disease or the neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders, for example, loss of striatal dopamine, reduced GBA activity, α‐synuclein‐positive inclusions, perturbation of lipid synthesis, or cerebellar Purkinje cell drop‐out, we noted discrete structural aberrations in the dendritic tree of cortical pyramidal neurons in 21‐month old animals. The overt disease lesions and resultant phenotypic changes previously described in individuals with heterozygous mutations in lysosomal enzyme genes such as glucocerebrosidase may be enzyme dependent. By better understanding why deficiency in, or mutant forms of some but not all lysosomal proteins leads to heightened risk or earlier onset of classical neurodegenerative disorders, novel disease‐causing mechanisms may be identified.
Exogenous ATP modulates PGE2 release in macrophages through sustained phosphorylation of CDK9 and p38 MAPK
Authors: Akter Shamima , Sharma Rakesh Kumar , Sharma Shilpa , Rastogi Saumya , Fiebich Bernd L , Akundi Ravi Shankar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn important mediator of inflammation is prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), whose levels are determined by the activity of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). Of the two isoforms of the enzyme, COX-2 has been shown to be induced in macrophages during inflammation. Although general COX inhibitors, belonging to the class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or specific COX-2 inhibitors, called coxibs, are useful in the control of acute inflammation, adverse reactions were seen when used chronically in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis or neurodegenerative diseases. Extracellular ATP (eATP) has been reported as a damage-associated molecular pattern signal. In this report, we show that eATP synergistically increases the levels of COX-2 enzyme and PGE2 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages and human monocytes. Activation of macrophages also occurred when cultured in media obtained from dying neurons that contained higher levels of ATP. We show that eATP increases the levels of COX-2 protein, which is sustained up to 36 h poststimulation. This is in turn due to sustained levels of phosphorylated, or activated, cyclin-dependent kinase 9 and p38 MAPK in ATP-treated cells compared to LPS-stimulated cells. The eATP-dependent increase in COX-2/PGE2 levels in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells could be abolished using antagonists for purinergic P2X7 -and P2Y6 receptors. Similarly, the increase in COX-2/PGE2 levels in the peritoneum of LPS-treated mice could be significantly abolished in mice that were preinjected with the nonspecific P2 receptor antagonist, suramin. P2 receptor antagonists, therefore, should be explored in our search for an ideal anti-inflammatory candidate.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging measures of three‐dimensional aortic morphology in healthy aging and hypertension
Authors: Dietenbeck Thomas , Houriez‐‐Gombaud‐Saintonge Sophia , Charpentier Etienne , Gencer Umit , Giron Alain , Gallo Antonio , Boussouar Samia , Pasi Nicoletta , Soulat Gilles , Mousseaux Elie , Redheuil Alban , Kachenoura Nadjia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAutomated segmentation of three‐dimensional (3D) aortic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) renders a possible retrospective selection of any location to perform quantification of aortic caliber perpendicular to its centerline and provides regional and global 3D biomarkers such as length, diameter, or volume. However, normative age‐related values of such measures are still lacking. The aim of this study was to provide normal values for 3D aortic morphological measures and investigate their changes in aging and hypertension. This was a retrospective study, in which 119 healthy controls (HC: 48 ± 14 years, 61 men) and 82 hypertensive patients (HT: 60 ± 14 years, 43 men) were enrolled. 1.5 and 3 T/3D steady state free precession or spoiled gradient echo were used. Automated 3D aortic segmentation provided aortic length, diameter, volume for the ascending (AAo), and descending aorta (DAo), along with cross‐sectional diameters at three aortic landmarks. Age, sex, body surface area (BSA), smoking, and blood pressures were recorded. Both groups were divided into two subgroups (≤50 years, >50 years). Statistical tests performed were linear regression for age‐related normal values and confidence intervals, Wilcoxon rank sum test for differences between groups (HC or HT), and multivariate analysis to identify main determinants of aortic morphological changes. In HC, linear regression revealed an increase in the AAo (respectively DAo) length by 2.84 mm (7.78 mm), maximal diameter by 1.36 mm (1.29 mm), and volume by 4.28 ml (8.71 ml) per decade. AAo morphological measures were higher in HT patients than in HC both ≤50 years but did not reach statistical significance (length: +2 mm, p = 0.531; diameter: +1.4 mm, p = 0.2936; volume:+6.8 ml, p = 0.1857). However, length (+6 mm, p = 0.003), maximal diameter (+4 mm, p < 0.001) and volume (+12 ml, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in HT patients than in HC, both >50 years. In a multivariate analysis, age, sex, and BSA were the major determinants of aortic morphology, irrespective of the presence of hypertension. Global and segmental aortic length, volume, and diameters at specific landmarks were automatically measured from 3D MRI to serve as normative measures of 3D aortic morphology. Such indices increased significantly with age and hypertension among the elderly subjects.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage3
Proximal seminal vesicle displacement and margins for prostate cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Lim Joon Daryl , Chao Michael , Piccolo Angelina , Schneider Michal , Anderson Nigel , Handley Monica , Benci Margaret , Ong Wee Loon , Daly Karen , Morrell Rebecca , Wan Kenneth , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Foroudi Farshad , Jenkins Trish , Angus David , Wada Morikatsu , Sengupta Shomik , Khoo Vincent 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionGuidelines recommend that the proximal seminal vesicles (PrSV) should be included in the clinical target volume for locally advanced prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Verification and margins for the prostate may not necessarily account for PrSV displacement. The purpose was to determine the inter‐fraction displacement of the PrSV relative to the prostate during radiotherapy.MethodsFiducials were inserted into the prostate, and right and left PrSV (RSV and LSV) in 30 prostate cancer patients. Correctional shifts for the prostate, right and left PrSV and pelvic bones were determined from each patient's 39 daily orthogonal portal images relative to reference digitally reconstructed radiographs.ResultsThere was a significant displacement of the RSV relative to the prostate in all directions: on average 0.38 mm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26 to 0.50) to the left, 0.80–0.81 mm (CI 0.68 to 0.93) superiorly and 1.51 mm (CI 1.36 to 1.65) posteriorly. The LSV was significantly displaced superiorly to the prostate 1.09–1.13 mm (CI 0.97 to 1.25) and posteriorly 1.81 mm (CI 1.67 to 1.96), but not laterally (mean 0.06, CI −0.06 to 0.18). The calculated PTV margins (left–right, superior–inferior, posterior–anterior) were 4.9, 5.3–5.6 and 4.8 mm for the prostate, 5.2, 7.1–8.0 and 9.7 mm for the RSV, and 7.2, 7.5–7.6 and 8.6 mm for the LSV.ConclusionThere is a significant displacement of the PrSV relative to the prostate during radiotherapy. Greater margins are recommended for the PrSV compared to the prostate.
Identification of Sassafras albidum alkaloids by high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and mapping by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Conceição Rodrigo S. , Perez Consuelo J. , Branco Alexsandro , Botura Mariana B. , Ifa Demian R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSassafras albidum is an important tree species that occurs across North America. The presence of benzylisoquinoline and aporphine alkaloids has been previously described; however, the spatial distribution of these compounds within S. albidum and other plants of Lauraceae family is still unclear. Mass spectrometry imaging has become an important tool in analysis of plants metabolites, uncovering important contributions about the functional role, biosynthetic pathway, and accumulation of these compounds in the plant. This work aimed to identify further alkaloids present in S. albidum roots, twigs, and leaves by high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography coupled to desorption electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry (HPTLC DESI‐MSn) and to map the spatial distribution of these compounds by DESI‐MS imaging. A total of 12 alkaloids were indentified in the roots and twigs, and six of them were detected for the first time in S. albidum. A high number of alkaloids was found in S. albidum roots; however, alkaloids were not detected in the leaves. Cross sections of roots and twigs were blotted onto TLC plates assisted by heating and solvent extraction, and these imprints were analyzed by DESI‐MS imaging. The profile of alkaloid spatial distribution in DESI‐MS images showed different accumulation patterns across and within different plant parts. Most alkaloids displayed higher intensities in the outer‐most layer of the roots and twigs. The detailed spatial localization pattern of these alkaloids analyzed by DESI‐MS imaging in different plant parts could contribute to a better understanding of the profile of distribution, accumulation, and biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline and aporphine alkaloids.
Characteristics of COVID‐19 patients with bacterial coinfection admitted to the hospital from the emergency department in a large regional healthcare system
Authors: Lardaro Thomas , Wang Alfred Z. , Bucca Antonino , Croft Alexander , Glober Nancy , Holt Daniel B. , Musey Paul I. , Peterson Kelli D. , Trigonis Russell A. , Schaffer Jason T. , Hunter Benton R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe rate of bacterial coinfection with SARS‐CoV‐2 is poorly defined. The decision to administer antibiotics early in the course of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection depends on the likelihood of bacterial coinfection.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of all patients admitted through the emergency department with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection over a 6‐week period in a large healthcare system in the United States. Blood and respiratory culture results were abstracted and adjudicated by multiple authors. The primary outcome was the rate of bacteremia. We secondarily looked to define clinical or laboratory features associated with bacteremia.ResultsThere were 542 patients admitted with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, with an average age of 62.8 years. Of these, 395 had blood cultures performed upon admission, with six true positive results (1.1% of the total population). An additional 14 patients had positive respiratory cultures treated as true pathogens in the first 72 h. Low blood pressure and elevated white blood cell count, neutrophil count, blood urea nitrogen, and lactate were statistically significantly associated with bacteremia. Clinical outcomes were not statistically significantly different between patients with and without bacteremia.ConclusionsWe found a low rate of bacteremia in patients admitted with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In hemodynamically stable patients, routine antibiotics may not be warranted in this population.
Clinical efficacy of methylprednisolone and the combined use of lopinavir/ritonavir with arbidol in treatment of coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Xia Qi , Dai Wanrong , Xu Kaijin , Ni Qin , Li Yongtao , Liu Jun , Zhao Hong , Guo Yongzheng , Yu Liang , Yi Ping , Su Junwei , Lang Guanjing , Tao Jingjing , Shi Ding , Wu Wenrui , Wu Xiaoxin , Xu Yan , Xu Min , Yu Ling , Wang Xiaoyan , Cai Hongliu , Fang Qiang , Zhou Jianying , Qiu Yunqing , Li Lanjuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aims to comparatively analyze the therapeutic efficacy upon multiple medication plans over lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), arbidol (ARB), and methylprednisolone on patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Totally, 75 COVID‐19 patients admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 22, 2020 to February 29, 2020 were recruited and grouped based on whether or not LPV/r and ARB were jointly used and whether or not methylprednisolone was used. Indexes including body temperature, time for nucleic acid negative conversion, hospital stays, and laboratory indexes were examined and compared. For all patients, there were no significant differences in the change of body temperature, the time for negative conversion, and hospital stays whether LPV/r and ARB were jointly used or not. While for severe and critically severe patients, methylprednisolone noticeably reduced the time for negative conversion. Meanwhile, the clinical efficacy was superior on patients receiving methylprednisolone within 3 days upon admission, and the duration of hospital stays was much shorter when methylprednisolone was given at a total dose of 0–400 mg than a higher dose of >400 mg if all patients received a similar dose per day. Nonetheless, no significant changes across hepatic, renal, and myocardial function indexes were observed. LPV/r combined with ARB produced no noticeably better effect on COVID‐19 patients relative to the single‐agent treatment. Additionally, methylprednisolone was efficient in severe and critically severe cases, and superior efficacy could be realized upon its early, appropriate, and short‐term application.
Post‐training stimulation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex impairs working memory training performance
Authors: Au Jacky , Katz Benjamin , Moon Austin , Talati Sheebani , Abagis Tessa R. , Jonides John , Jaeggi Susanne M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractResearch investigating transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to enhance cognitive training augments both our understanding of its long‐term effects on cognitive plasticity as well as potential applications to strengthen cognitive interventions. Previous work has demonstrated enhancement of working memory training while applying concurrent tDCS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). However, the optimal stimulation parameters are still unknown. For example, the timing of tDCS delivery has been shown to be an influential variable that can interact with task learning. In the present study, we used tDCS to target the right DLPFC while participants trained on a visuospatial working memory task. We sought to compare the relative efficacy of online stimulation delivered during training to offline stimulation delivered either immediately before or afterwards. We were unable to replicate previously demonstrated benefits of online stimulation; however, we did find evidence that offline stimulation delivered after training can actually be detrimental to training performance relative to sham. We interpret our results in light of evidence suggesting a role of the right DLPFC in promoting memory interference, and conclude that while tDCS may be a promising tool to influence the results of cognitive training, more research and an abundance of caution are needed before fully endorsing its use for cognitive enhancement. This work suggests that effects can vary substantially in magnitude and direction between studies, and may be heavily dependent on a variety of intervention protocol parameters such as the timing and location of stimulation delivery, about which our understanding is still nascent.
Differential expression of proteins in Pseudomonas mendocina SMSKVR‐3 under arsenate stress
Authors: Mishra Shraddha , Verma Sanjay K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on analyzing the protein expression pattern of intracellular proteins when Pseudomonas mendocina SMSKVR‐3 exposed to 300 mM of arsenate to find out the proteins that are overexpressed or exclusively expressed in response to arsenate. The sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of protein expression at different time intervals showed the highest number of protein bands (14) that are overexpressed at 8 h of the time interval. It was also observed that treatment with at least 200 mM of As(V) is required to induce a difference in protein expression. Two‐dimensional (2D)‐PAGE analysis of 8‐h sample exhibited 146 unique spots, 45 underexpressed, and 46 overexpressed spots in arsenate‐treated sample. Based on the highest percent volume and fold change, three unique spots and one overexpressed spot were selected and analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis followed by the MASCOT search. These proteins were identified as ribosome‐recycling factor (20.13 kDa), polyphosphate:ADP/GDP phosphotransferase (40.88 kDa), ribonuclease P protein component (14.96 kDa) and cobalt‐precorrin‐5B C(1)‐methyltransferase (38.43 kDa) with MASCOT score of 54, 81, 94, and 100, respectively. All of these proteins help the bacteria to overcome arsenate stress.