bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression Signature Induced by Acute Alcohol Intoxication in mice
Authors: Steiner Jennifer , Veid Cynthia , Lang Charles 
Published: June 2021

High levels of alcohol intake lead to skeletal muscle myopathy and subsequent dysfunction both acutely and chronically. Our previous work has shown that a single dose of alcohol, as well as chronic intake, decreases rates of protein synthesis concurrent with suppression of the mTOR signaling pathway. Although evidence exists for the contribution of other anabolic and catabolic factors (myostatin, inflammation, insulin like growth factor, etc.), to the induction of alcoholic myopathy, no definitive mechanism(s) or pathway(s) has been identified. Therefore, the objective of this work was to identify novel pathways for future therapeutic targeting in the treatment of alcoholic myopathy via an unbiased screen of skeletal muscle specific genes differentially regulated by acute alcohol intoxication. Male, 12 week old, C57BL/6 mice were fasted overnight prior to receiving an intraperitoneal injection of 3g/kg BW alcohol or saline (Control group). The gastrocnemius/plantaris muscle complex was excised 1 hour post alcohol intoxication for isolation of RNA and preparation of cDNA prior to RNA deep sequencing. The data were mapped to the mouse genome (mm10, GRCm38) using TopHat 2 software. Using DESeq2 software, differentially expressed genes were determined based on an FDR‐adjusted p‐value of <0.05. Under these parameters, 48 transcripts were identified in response to acute alcohol intoxication. Using the DAVID Bioinformatics Resource, 8 functional groups were recognized including Collagen, Extracellular matrix, Secreted, Hydroxylation, Cell Adhesion, Cytoplasm, Signal and Glycoprotein. Of the 48 genes, 15 were suppressed by alcohol intoxication including Regulator of Cell Cycle (Rgcc), previously shown to be upregulated in models of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and regrowth; Leiomodin2 (Lmod2) which is important in actin polymerization; and xin actin‐binding repeat containing 1 (Xirp1) which protects actin filaments from depolymerization and may be a marker of muscle damage. The remaining 32 genes were increased by acute alcohol intoxication including EMILIN1 which relies on the inhibition of TGF‐β; Aquaporin7 which is implicated in lipolysis and glycerol efflux via regulation of mTOR‐mediated leptin expression; and MAP3K14, also known as NF‐κB inducible kinase, indicating potential modulation of the NF‐κB pathway by acute alcohol. Of the differentially expressed gene transcripts, several do not appear to have a known functional role in skeletal muscle and will therefore provide novel targets for the further characterization of the effects of alcohol on skeletal muscle.Support or Funding InformationFunds provided by Florida State UniversityThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Copper Supplementation Promotes Myocardial Vascular Regeneration from Bone Marrow‐derived Stem Cells in Mouse Model of Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Meng Xia , Yin Wen , Li Chen , Song Xin , Feng Xiaorong , Kang Y. James 
Published: June 2021

Copper (Cu) supplementation improves myocardial structural and functional recoveries from chronic ischemic injury in both monkey and mouse models, and myocardial vascular regeneration plays a critical role in this process. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the homing and differentiation of stem cells make an important contribution to myocardial vascular regeneration in mouse model of ischemic heart disease. Male C57 mice of 8–12 weeks old were subjected to left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation to induce myocardial ischemic infarction. Four weeks after the surgery, a cardiac‐specific ultrasound‐mediated Cu‐albumin microbubble (Cu‐MB) Cu delivery procedure was used to supplement Cu to the heart twice a week for two weeks, and the controls were treated with the same procedure but with Cu‐absent albumin microbubble. All of the mice were then injected with PKH26‐labeled bone marrow‐derived stem cells (BMSCs), and the hearts were harvested at 1st, 3rd, 7th, or 14th day after the cell transplantation. One day after cell transplantation, the homing of PKH26‐labeled BMSCs in the ischemic infarct area was significantly increased in the Cu‐MB and ultrasound treated mice, but not in the ultrasound untreated mice. Three days after cell transplantation, the number of BMSC‐derived endothelial cells, as defined by the cells dually‐labeled with PKH26 and CD31 were significantly increased in the ischemic infarct area of the mice treated with ultrasound and Cu‐MB. The capillary densities in the ischemic infarct area of the mice treated with ultrasound and Cu‐MB were significantly elevated in comparison with that of mice treated with ultrasound and MB without Cu at 7th or 14th day after cell transplantation. Myocardial structure and contractile function were also significantly improved 14 days after cell transplantation in the ultrasound and Cu‐MB treated mice. These results thus demonstrate that Cu supplementation promotes myocardial vascular regeneration through at least in part enhancing stem cells homing and differentiation to vascular endothelial cells in the infarct myocardium, improving myocardial structural and functional recovery from chronic ischemic injury.Support or Funding InformationScientific research funds of West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Anti‐inflammatory Effect of Table Grapes in Apc(Min/+) Mouse Model of Intestinal Tumorigenesis
Authors: Indukuri Vijaya , Mason Madeline , Reddivari Lavanya , Vanamala Jairam , Lambert Joshua 
Published: June 2021

The link between inflammation and cancer is well‐studied. Epidemiological and experimental data suggests that chronic inflammation plays a very important role in the promotion and progression of colon cancer, and that diet can play an important role in mitigation of chronic inflammation. Previously, our laboratory has found that freeze‐dried whole table grape powder (FDGP) can reduce tumorigenesis in APC(Min/+) mice. It has been reported that inflammation plays an important role in tumorigenesis in this model. The objective of the current study is to assess the anti‐inflammatory activity of FDGP in the Apc(Min/+) mouse model. Male Apc(Min/+) mice (4 wks, n= 8/group) were fed diets supplemented with 3% or 6 % FDGP or control diet for 12 wks. At the end of dietary intervention, expression of inflammation‐related markers in the ileum and the plasma were measured by qRT‐PCR and multiplex ELISA, respectively. FDGP supplementation suppressed the levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐12, IL‐17 (by 30–70%), and enhanced the levels of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 (by ~50%) in both the ileum and serum compared to control‐fed animals. FDGP‐ fed animals also had significantly lower plasma lipopolysaccharide levels (3–5 fold) and reduced mRNA expression of Claudin 2 (~2 fold) in the ileum, suggesting that FDGP improved gut barrier function compared to the control diet. Overall, our results show the potential anti‐inflammatory effect of table grapes in an animal model of intestinal tumorigenesis and indicate the need for further preclinical mechanistic studies.Support or Funding InformationCalifornia Table Grape CommissionDepartment of Food Science, Pennsylvania State UniversityThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Getting Better Images Easier for Single Particle Cryo‐EM
Authors: Cheng Anchi 
Published: June 2021

Single‐particle Cryo‐EM is a structural biology technique that has gained increasing popularity in recent years. An increasing number protein complex structures can now be reconstructed to resolutions sufficient to build atomic models similar to those obtained with x‐ray crystallography. The single particle cryo‐EM method relies on averaging millions of projection images of the same protein complex particles preserved in a thin‐layer of vitreous ice. These projection images also need to be distributed across a large number of orientational views so that they can be combined to reconstruct the three‐dimensional volume correctly. At National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy (NRAMM), methods are being developed to characterize cryo‐specimen preparation and improve its reproducibility. Efforts are also being made to increase the throughput and quality of automated data acquisition. Tools are made to efficiently support EM managers at large facilities such as the Simons Electron Microscopy Center (SEMC) and the recently established National Center for CryoEM Access and Training (NCCAT). For example, we developed a blotless grid preparation instrument, Spotiton, which by decreasing the time between sample application and cryo‐plunging, serves to amerliorate effects such as preferred orientation. By compensating for beam tilt and astigmatism, we also increased the data collection rate by at least 2‐fold without compromising data quality. In this presentation, I will describe some of these problems and illustrate our solutions for getting better data easier.Support or Funding InformationNIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM103310 and U24GM129539) Simons Foundation (349247)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
A Sequenced and Team Approach to Surface Anatomy Education in Physical Therapy in Preparation for Clinical Practice and Collaborative Care
Authors: Topp Kimberly 
Published: June 2021

A deep understanding of anatomy is foundational in the clinical practice of physical therapy, and is key to discovery and scholarly work in movement sciences. Similar to several other health science professions, education of the physical therapist begins with prerequisite coursework in an undergraduate program, continues with doctoral‐level courses in a graduate program, and often post‐licensure residency or fellowship training. Anatomy and physiology are prerequisites for many DPT programs, and anatomy is included in the required elements for accreditation of DPT programs, residencies and fellowships. Surface anatomy is foundational for clinical work in physical therapy and is honed over years of practice.In the DPT curriculum, surface anatomy is incorporated into early courses in gross anatomy and skills acquisition, including training in goniometry and assessment of muscle strength and vital signs. Surface anatomy continues into advanced gross anatomy courses and education in physical examination, neuromusculoskeletal assessment, and movement science. Early on, students identify bony landmarks, arterial pulses and muscle bulk, similar to early learners in medical curricula. As they progress, DPT students learn to observe subtle contours and shadows, identify muscle weaknesses and joint restrictions through observation of movement, assess muscle contraction and tendon motion using ultrasound imaging, and palpate delicate superficial nerves, millimeter differences in joint motion, and directional restrictions in layers of fascia.Licensed physical therapists gain additional knowledge of anatomy through continuing education courses, residency and fellowship training. Courses may include advanced training in such areas as pelvic health, oncological care, prosthetics, or vestibular rehabilitation. Residencies and fellowships enable clinical specialization, such as in pediatrics, orthopedics or cardiopulmonary care. Each of these courses and specialty certifications includes advanced training in surface observation of underlying anatomy.In this talk, Dr. Topp will describe a sequenced approach to surface anatomy education in physical therapy, and how surface anatomy is used in clinical physical therapy. As budding experts in anatomy, students in physical therapy may provide guidance in surface anatomy for physicians in training, and the talk will include examples of near‐peer learning of surface anatomy and case‐based musculoskeletal examinations.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Anthropometric evaluation of humerus with and without the septal foramen
Authors: Soares Rosiely Olímpio , Fazan Frederico Sassoli , Fazan Valéria Paula Sassoli 
Published: June 2021

The humerus is the longest and heaviest of the bones of the upper limb. In the elbow region, the humerus condyle is composed of the trochlea, the capitulum, and related fossae. The coronoid fossa, located on the anterior surface, receives the coronoid process of the ulna when the forearm is flexed. The olecranon fossa, located on the posterior surface, is large and deep and receives the olecranon of the ulna, when the forearm is extended. The two fossae are separated by a thin bony lamina that usually allows the passage of light. In some cases, the two fossae are separated by a non‐calcified membrane which, in dry bones, gives rise to an opening or perforation, called the supratrochlear foramen or septal foramen. Individuals with this anatomical variation are able to hyper‐extend the elbow joint. In the present study, 30 left humerus and 25 right humerus were evaluated and 16.7% of the left humerus and 15% of the right humerus presented the septal opening. With the aid of a digital caliper, the length, diameter and circumference of the middle portion of the diaphysis and the inter‐epicondylar distance of the humerus with and without the septal foramen were obtained. With the aid of an analytical scale, the weight of the bones was obtained and, later, the weight/length ratio was calculated for each humerus. Statistical analysis showed no differences between the right and left normal humerus, as well as between those with septal formamen, in none of the analyzed parameters. When we compared the humerus with and without the septal foramem, the diameter and circumference of the middle portion of the diaphysis, and the inter‐epicondylar distance were significantly smaller in the humerus with the septal foramen. Our data suggest that the presence of the septal foramen may be related to a reduction of the standard anthropometric measurements of the humerus.Support or Funding InformationFAPESP, CNPq and FAEPAThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Can Dentition Aid in Estimation of Handedness?
Authors: Jelaca Maria 
Published: June 2021

Handedness is challenging to estimate on skeletonized human remains when muscular markers of it are not available. This preliminary study anthropometrically explores if human teeth could be used to aid in identification of handedness. The dental data for this research is collected from a total of fifty (N=50) living adult volunteers with good dental health of which thirty‐nine (N=39) were right handed and eleven (N=11) left‐handed. Non‐invasive anthropometric data collected via digital dental caliper consists of the Maxillary and the Mandibular quadrants in which permanent incisors and canines were analyzed. The study reconfirms that males on average have larger teeth than females. The lateral incisors were not taken into consideration as they show minimal variations across the quadrants. The left‐handed males measure slightly larger central Maxillary incisors and canines at the left and the right quadrant than the right‐handed males. The left‐handed females have smaller central incisors than the right‐handed females on the Maxillary quadrants, but slightly larger central incisors on the Mandibular quadrants. Mandibular right quadrant central incisors are slightly larger among the left‐handed than they are among the right‐handed individuals of both sex.Support or Funding InformationSWCThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Estrogen Non‐Genomic Signaling as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Authors: Rodriguez Martir Keishla M , Jimenez Iancarlos , Guzman Jeisac , Montañez Katixa M , Bittman Xavier , Aviles Sila M , Negron Dalissa , Peterson Esther A 
Published: June 2021

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in females in the United States2, being Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) one of the most aggressive subtypes. The poor prognosis for patients with IBC emphasizes the need to better understand the molecular signature of this disease with the goal of developing effective targeted therapeutics. To this date there is no effective targeted therapeutics, especially for those patients that account for approximately 20–40% of IBC cases with triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) classification3. Importantly, several studies have shown that estrogen can exert non‐genomic effects in IBC and non‐IBC TNBC, mediated by the expression of an alternate isoform of estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor alpha‐36, and GPR305,7,9. In this context, estrogen can activate non‐genomic signaling pathways involved in the acquisition of oncogenic phenotypes such as increased motility and invasion in IBC cells. Phytoestrogens, like coumestrol (Cou), are natural compounds found in plants, specifically soybeans. Also, it is a polyphenolic compound that is structurally similar to estradiol (E2) and several studies have shown that coumestrol inhibits cell proliferation and migration in TNBC. We hypothesize (1) that estrogen non‐genomic signaling has an active role in the aggressive metastatic phenotype of IBC, and (2) that Cou has anticancer activity by inhibiting estrogen non‐genomic signaling in IBC. To test this hypothesis, these cells were treated with E2 and activation of downstream kinases (ERK and AKT) was analyzed by Western blot. Immunofluorescence in IBC SUM149 cell line and Western Blot of breast cancer cell lines showed expression of estrogen receptors. In addition, preliminary observations demonstrated that upon E2 treatment there was an activation of ERK and AKT kinase in both IBC and TNBC cell line. Finally, treatment using previously reported IC50 (50μM)10–12 of Cou caused a decrease in cell viability of breast cancer cell lines. In summary, IBC cells are responsive to E2 treatment making this signaling pathway attractive for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Importantly, these Cou preliminary studies shows a potential anticancer activity in IBC cell lines.Support or Funding InformationThis project is supported by UPR Fondos Institucionales para la Investigación (FIPI to E. Peterson ) and RISE program (5R25GM061151‐17 to I. Jiménez).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effects of Resveratrol on diabetes‐induced up‐regulation of apoptosis and MAPK signaling in retinal pigment epithelium of dark Agouti rats
Authors: Kittaneh Rawan , Al‐Hussaini Heba , Narayana Kilarkaje 
Published: June 2021

Although diabetic retinopathy (DRT) is a treacherous outcome of uncontrolled hyperglycemia, the mechanisms which initiate the onset of DRT are not yet clear. The current study investigated modulatory effects of Resveratrol on type 1 diabetes‐induced changes in apoptosis and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) of dark Agouti rats. Adult male rats (12–14 weeks, n=15) were segregated in duplicates into normal control, Resveratrol‐treated, streptozotocin‐induced diabetic, and Resveratrol‐treated (5mg/kg/d, from the day of confirmation of diabetes to the sample collection day) diabetic groups. The RPE was collected on days 30 and 90. For the latter sampling time, another Resveratrol‐treated (from 45d after the confirmation of diabetes to sampling day 90) diabetic group was included to investigate the effects of different treating protocol of Resveratrol. Resveratrol when administered to normal rats, increased gene expressions (RT‐PCR analysis) of caspases‐3, 8and 9, Bax, Bcl2,p38MAPK, JNK, and p53on 30d (P<0.05). On the other hand, diabetes decreased gene expressions of caspase‐3and 8, Erk, p38MAPK, and JNK(P<0.05). Resveratrol reversed the inhibited gene expressions of caspase‐8,Erk, JNKand p38MAPK to normal control levels in diabetic rats (P<0.05). Resveratrol normalized diabetes‐induced upregulation of proteins (Western blotting analysis) caspase‐3 and 9, cytochrome‐c, Bcl2 and ERK (P<0.05) on 30d. On 90d, Resveratrol recovered diabetes‐induced decreases in caspases‐3 and 8 (18 kDa fragment), cytochrome‐c, and Bcl2 proteins to the control level. Similar effects of Resveratrol were observed when given to diabetic rats only for 45d instead of 90d. In conclusion, Resveratrol when given to normal rats upregulates transcription of apoptosis and MAPK genes, however, their protein levels do not increase suggesting the lack of induction of apoptosis and MAPK‐mediated cell signaling. Resveratrol imparts its protective effects by normalizing apoptosis and MAPK signaling. These results are suggestive of beneficial effects of Resveratrol on the RPE in diabetic rats.Support or Funding InformationCollege of Graduate studies and Research sector, Kuwait UniversityThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Elongated Styloid Processes and a Triticeal Cartilage in the Stylohyoid Ligament: Clinical and Comparative Perspectives
Authors: Bender Emily Marie , Nwafor Divine C. , Petrone Ashley B. , Lambert H. Wayne , Zdilla Matthew J. 
Published: June 2021

Elongation of the styloid process of the temporal bone may manifest in numerous vascular and neurological signs and symptoms known as Eagle syndrome. Though this syndrome is well‐known, oftentimes elongated styloid processes do not manifest the typical signs and symptoms of Eagle syndrome. Occasionally, elongated styloids may be identified incidentally, in which case they are important to recognize. This report details a case of bilaterally elongated styloid processes. However, unlike most reports of elongated styloids, in this case, a triticeal cartilage is located within the stylohyoid ligament. This report highlights the significance of the elongated styloids with special attention on the triticeal cartilage. The report highlights both the clinical implications and also emphasizes a comparative anatomical perspective.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.