bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic characterization of aSorghum bicolormultiparent mapping population emphasizing carbon-partitioning dynamics
Authors: Boatwright J Lucas , Brenton Zachary W , Boyles Richard E , Sapkota Sirjan , Myers Matthew T , Jordan Kathleen E , Dale Savanah M , Shakoor Nadia , Cooper Elizabeth A , Morris Geoffrey P , Kresovich Stephen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSorghum bicolor, a photosynthetically efficient C4 grass, represents an important source of grain, forage, fermentable sugars, and cellulosic fibers that can be utilized in myriad applications ranging from bioenergy to bioindustrial feedstocks. Sorghum’s efficient fixation of carbon per unit time per unit area per unit input has led to its classification as a preferred biomass crop highlighted by its designation as an advanced biofuel by the U.S. Department of Energy. Due to its extensive genetic diversity and worldwide colonization, sorghum has considerable diversity for a range of phenotypes influencing productivity, composition, and sink/source dynamics. To dissect the genetic basis of these key traits, we present a sorghum carbon-partitioning nested association mapping (NAM) population generated by crossing 11 diverse founder lines with Grassl as the single recurrent female. By exploiting existing variation among cellulosic, forage, sweet, and grain sorghum carbon partitioning regimes, the sorghum carbon-partitioning NAM population will allow the identification of important biomass-associated traits, elucidate the genetic architecture underlying carbon partitioning and improve our understanding of the genetic determinants affecting unique phenotypes within Poaceae. We contrast this NAM population with an existing grain population generated using Tx430 as the recurrent female. Genotypic data are assessed for quality by examining variant density, nucleotide diversity, linkage decay, and are validated using pericarp and testa phenotypes to map known genes affecting these phenotypes. We release the 11-family NAM population along with corresponding genomic data for use in genetic, genomic, and agronomic studies with a focus on carbon-partitioning regimes.
Desired Characteristics of HIV Testing and Counseling among Diverse Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence Receiving Social Services
Authors: Gonzalez-Guarda Rosa Maria , Williams Jessica , Lorenzo Dalia , Carrington Cherelle 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Despite recent calls to integrate HIV testing into social services addressing intimate partner violence (IPV), few studies have reported on survivors’ perspectives regarding the desired characteristics of this integration. The purpose of this study was to describe desired characteristics of HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing services from a survivor’s perspective. A qualitative descriptive approach was taken to describe the perspectives of IPV survivors who may or may not have accessed this service. Four focus groups were conducted with a diverse sample of English and Spanish speakers (N = 25) who sought services through a family justice center and associated shelters. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using conventional content analysis. Three themes were identified, including (1) peace of mind; (2) interacting stigmas and traumas; and (3) making testing easy, comfortable, and tailored. The findings of this study have the potential to influence survivor-centered practices and policies regarding the integration of culturally informed HIV/STI and IPV services.
The Most Good You Can Do with Your Kidneys: Effective Altruism and the Organ-Shortage Problem
Authors: Tonkens Ryan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Effective altruism is a growing philosophical and social movement, whose members design their lives in ways aligned with doing the most good that they can do. The main focus of this paper is to explore what effective altruism has to say about the moral obligations people have to do good with their organs, in the face of an organ-shortage problem. It is argued that an effective altruism framework offers a number of valuable theoretical and practical insights relevant to ongoing debate about how to resolve the organ-shortage problem. Its recommendations constitute a plausible and promising strategy for increasing the supply of, and decreasing the demand for, human organs, in a way that protects (rather than ignores, or preys upon) the global poor. And, many of its recommendations can be implemented into policy without requiring that citizens actually become effective altruists themselves.
Extending modernist stream-of-consciousness aesthetics: Digital variations on William Faulkner’sThe Sound and the Fury
Authors: Wright David Thomas Henry 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the development of The Sound and the Fury (1929), William Faulkner proposed using coloured text to help the reader navigate the work’s stream-of-consciousness. Subsequent editors and textual critics have produced colourized versions of Faulkner’s novel. Inspired by these colourized print texts, the born-digital novel Little Emperor Syndrome (2018) was developed. This digital literary work and practice-led research explores the potential of born-digital modes to reimagine modernist stream-of-consciousness through recombinant poetics as defined by Bill Seaman (2001). Little Emperor Syndrome utilizes a stream-of-consciousness style inspired by the first and second (Benjy and Quentin) chapters of The Sound and the Fury. Using recombinant poetics, this digital text also allows the reader to recombine the text (or lexias) in various modes: ‘stream-of-consciousness’ (i.e. similar to Faulkner’s style), ‘cosmos’ (chronological), and ‘chaos’ (random). In Digital Modernism, American media theorist Jessica Pressman (2014) juxtaposes born-digital literature with the modernist period because of substantial points of connections between early 20th-century modernist literature and early 21st-century digital texts. This article does likewise. Through textual criticism, digital scholarship, and practice-led research, this article reimagines Faulkner’s modernist stream-of-consciousness. Following Pressman’s theory of ‘digital modernism,’ this article proposes that the digital recombinant poetics proposed by Seaman and exemplified in Little Emperor Syndrome represents an expression and extension of the high modernist aesthetic utilized by early 20th-century authors such as Faulkner.
Pyomyositis and Infectious Myositis: A Comprehensive, Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Radcliffe Christopher , Gisriel Savanah , Niu Yu Si , Peaper David , Delgado Santiago , Grant Matthew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Pyomyositis is a bacterial infection of skeletal muscle that classically leads to abscess formation. A related, but distinct, entity is infectious myositis. The epidemiology of these infections has changed in recent years.

Methods
To better characterize both pyomyositis and infectious myositis, we conducted a retrospective study at our tertiary care institution. We identified 43 cases of pyomyositis and 18 cases of infectious myositis treated between January 2012 and May 2020.

Results
The mean age of patients was 48 years, and 66% were male. Diabetes mellitus affected one third of patients, and 16% had other immunocompromising comorbidities. Staphylococcal species accounted for 46% of all infections, and common symptoms included muscle pain (95%) and subjective fever (49%). Altered mental status was a presenting symptom in 16% of cases. Approximately half of all patients received &gt;1 class of antibiotic, and the median length of antimicrobial therapy was 18 days. Open and percutaneous drainage procedures figured prominently in the management of these infections, with 28% of patients requiring multiple procedures. Pathology specimens were available for 12 of 61 cases. Overall, the treatment success rate was 84%.

Conclusions
Gram-positive bacteria accounted for most infections at our institution, and management commonly involved open or percutaneous drainage procedures. Future studies that prospectively evaluate treatment strategies for pyomyositis and infectious myositis are warranted.
Discontinuation Patterns and Cost Avoidance of a Pharmacist-Driven Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing Protocol for De-escalation of Empiric Vancomycin for Suspected Pneumonia
Authors: Meng L , Pourali S , Hitchcock M M , Ha D R , Mui E , Alegria W , Fox E , Diep C , Swayngim R , Chang A , Banaei N , Deresinski S , Holubar M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A pharmacist-driven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based testing protocol with a 70% acceptance rate for vancomycin discontinuation within 24 hours of negative results significantly reduced unnecessary vancomycin use with an estimated cost avoidance of $40 per vancomycin course. We found high concordance (141 of 147, 96%) of culture-based versus PCR-based MRSA nasal screening.
Dynastic Precautionary Savings
Authors: Boar Corina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article documents that parents accumulate savings to insure their children against income risk. I refer to this behaviour as dynastic precautionary saving. Using a sample of matched parent–child pairs from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I test for dynastic precautionary savings by examining the response of parental consumption to the child’s permanent income uncertainty. I exploit variation in permanent income risk across age and industry–occupation groups to confirm that, all else equal, higher uncertainty in the child’s permanent income depresses parental consumption, indicating a precautionary saving motive across generations.
Ganoderic acid T improves the radiosensitivity of HeLa cells via converting apoptosis to necroptosis
Authors: Shao Chang-Sheng , Feng Na , Zhou Shuai , Zheng Xin-Xin , Wang Peng , Zhang Jing-Song , Huang Qing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The use of natural substances derived from traditional Chinese medicine and natural plants as safe radiosensitizing adjuvants is a new trend for cancer radiotherapy. Ganoderma lucidum has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine with a history of more than 2000 years. Ganoderic acid T (GAT) is a typical triterpene of G. lucidum, which has strong cytotoxicity to cancer cells, but whether it has radiation sensitization effect has not been explored. In this work, we treated the HeLa cells with different concentrations of GAT before exposure to gamma-ray radiation and investigated its influence on the radiosensitivity. The cell viability, apoptosis rate, necoptosis rate, intracellular ATP level, cell cycle, the amount of H2AX and 53BP1, reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial membrane potential were examined. Apoptotic, necroptotic, and autophagic biomarker proteins, including caspase 8, cytochrome c, caspase 3, RIPK, MLKL, P62, and LC3, were analyzed. As a result, we confirmed that with treatment of GAT, the gamma-ray radiation induced both apoptosis and necroptosis in HeLa cells, and with increase of GAT, the percentage ratio of necroptosis was increased. The involved pathways and mechanisms were also explored and discussed.
Synergistic Antimicrobial Effect of Chitosan Polymers and Oligomers
Authors: Attjioui Maha , Gillet Dominique , El Gueddari Nour Eddine , Moerschbacher Bruno M. 
Published: March 2021

This study evaluated the efficacy of the combined application of well-characterized chitosan polymer (degree of acetylation = 10%, degree of polymerization [DPn] = 90, and dispersity [ÐDP] = 2.8) and oligomers (partially acetylated chitosan polymers and oligosaccharides [paCOS]) (DP = 2 to 17) on conidia germination and mycelial growth of Fusarium graminearum, the major causal agent of Fusarium head blight in wheat. The polymer alone showed a higher inhibitory effect than the paCOS mixture alone, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of less than 50 µg ml−1 and more than 100 µg ml−1, respectively. Using time-lapse microscopy, we also showed that paCOS did not affect conidia germination at 50 µg ml−1, whereas chitosan polymer at the same concentration led to a delay in germination and in elongation of germ tubes. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the chitosan-induced changes in hyphal morphology. Surprisingly, the combination of chitosan polymer and paCOS led to strong synergistic effects in inhibiting conidia germination and fungal growth, as quantified by both the Abbot and Wadley equations. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a synergistic effect of a combination of chitosan polymers and oligomers, also highlighting for the first time the importance of ÐDP when studying structure–function relationships of functional biopolymers such as chitosan. The consequences of this finding for the improvement of chitosan-based antimicrobial or plant protective products are discussed. Given the economic importance of F. graminearum, this study suggests that the combination of chitosan polymer and oligomers can be used to support an efficient, sustainable plant protection strategy. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Favorable response to combined androgen blockade for metastatic cutaneous apocrine carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Imajima Takashi , Ito Mamoru , Shinohara Yudai , Tsuchihashi Kenji , Ariyama Hiroshi , Kusaba Hitoshi , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Oda Yoshinao , Akashi Koichi , Baba Eishi 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Most cases of cutaneous apocrine carcinoma (CAC) express androgen receptor. Androgen signal is thought to have a relationship on the survival and cell growth of the tumor.

Presentation of Case:
A 53-year-old man with a red superficial nodule on the left axilla and a back pain was diagnosed with CAC in the left axilla with multiple bone and bone marrow metastases. After cytotoxic chemotherapy for around 4 years, severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation progressed. We started combined androgen blockade by bicaltamide and degarelix, and the therapy had successfully maintained stable disease for more than 6 months.

Discussion:
Most cases of CAC express androgen receptor. Androgen signal could have a relationship on the survival and cell growth of the tumor.

Conclusion:
Antiandrogen therapy for androgen-receptor positive CAC is a promising therapeutic option.
Risk factor targeting for vaccine prioritization during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chapman Lloyd A. C. , Shukla Poojan , Rodríguez-Barraquer Isabel , Shete Priya B. , León Tomás M. , Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten , Rutherford George W. , Schechter Robert , Lo Nathan C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA key public health question during any disease outbreak when limited vaccine is available is who should be prioritized for early vaccination. Most vaccine prioritization analyses only consider variation in risk of infection and death by a single risk factor, such as age. We provide a more granular approach with stratification by demographics, risk factors, and location. We use this approach to compare the impact of different COVID-19 vaccine prioritization strategies on COVID-19 cases, deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) over the first 6 months of vaccine rollout, using California as a case example. We estimate the proportion of cases, deaths and DALYs averted relative to no vaccination for strategies prioritizing vaccination by a single risk factor and by multiple risk factors (e.g. age, location). We find that age-based targeting averts the most deaths (62% for 5 million individuals vaccinated) and DALYs (38%) of strategies targeting by a single risk factor and targeting essential workers averts the least deaths (31%) and DALYs (24%) over the first 6 months of rollout. However, targeting by two or more risk factors simultaneously averts up to 40% more DALYs. Our findings highlight the potential value of multiple-risk-factor targeting of vaccination against COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
Image- vs. histogram-based considerations in semantic segmentation of pulmonary hyperpolarized gas images
Authors: Tustison Nicholas J. , Altes Talissa A. , Qing Kun , He Mu , Miller G. Wilson , Avants Brian B. , Shim Yun M. , Gee James C. , Mugler John P. , Mata Jaime F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using hyperpolarized gases has made possible the novel visualization of airspaces in the human lung, which has advanced research into the growth, development, and pathologies of the pulmonary system. In conjunction with the innovations associated with image acquisition, multiple image analysis strategies have been proposed and refined for the quantification of such lung imaging with much research effort devoted to semantic segmentation, or voxelwise classification, into clinically oriented categories based on ventilation levels. Given the functional nature of these images and the consequent sophistication of the segmentation task, many of these algorithmic approaches reduce the complex spatial image information to intensity-only considerations, which can be contextualized in terms of the intensity histogram. Although facilitating computational processing, this simplifying transformation results in the loss of important spatial cues for identifying salient image features, such as ventilation defects (a well-studied correlate of lung pathophysiology), as spatial objects. In this work, we discuss the interrelatedness of the most common approaches for histogram-based optimization of hyperpolarized gas lung imaging segmentation and demonstrate how certain assumptions lead to suboptimal performance, particularly in terms of measurement precision. In contrast, we illustrate how a convolutional neural network is optimized (i.e., trained) directly within the image domain to leverage spatial information. This image-based optimization mitigates the problematic issues associated with histogram-based approaches and suggests a preferred future research direction. Importantly, we provide the entire processing and evaluation framework, including the newly reported deep learning functionality, as open-source through the well-known Advanced Normalization Tools ecosystem.
COVID-19 mRNA vaccine is not detected in human milk
Authors: Golan Yarden , Prahl Mary , Cassidy Arianna , Lin Christine Y. , Ahituv Nadav , Flaherman Valerie J. , Gaw Stephanie L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSeveral countries have recently approved the use of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 under an emergency use authorization. However, no pregnant or lactating individuals were included in the Phase 3 clinical trials of these vaccines despite belonging to a group at high risk for severe complications of COVID-19 infection. We show here that the mRNA from anti-COVID BNT162b2 (Pfizer) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccines is not detected in human breast milk samples collected 4-48 hours post-vaccine. These results strengthen the recommendation of ABM and WHO that lactating individuals who receive the anti-COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccine should continue to breastfeed their infants uninterrupted.
Dynamics of the auditory continuity illusion
Authors: Cao Qianyi , Parks Noah , Goldwyn Joshua H. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIllusions give intriguing insights into perceptual and neural dynamics. In the auditory continuity illusion, two brief tones separated by a silent gap may be heard as one continuous tone if a noise burst with appropriate characteristics fills the gap. This illusion probes the conditions under which listeners link related sounds across time and maintain perceptual continuity in the face of sudden changes in sound mixtures. Conceptual explanations of this illusion have been proposed, but its neural basis is still being investigated. In this work we provide a dynamical systems framework, grounded in principles of neural dynamics, to explain the continuity illusion. We construct an idealized firing rate model of a neural population and analyze the conditions under which firing rate responses persist during the interruption between the two tones. First, we show that sustained inputs and hysteresis dynamics (a mismatch between tone levels needed to activate and inactivate the population) can produce continuous responses. Second, we show that transient inputs and bistable dynamics (coexistence of two stable firing rate levels) can also produce continuous responses. Finally, we combine these input types together to obtain neural dynamics consistent with two requirements for the continuity illusion as articulated in a well-known theory of auditory scene analysis: sustained responses occur if noise provides sufficient evidence that the tone continues and if there is no evidence of discontinuities between the tones and noise. By grounding these notions in a quantitative model that incorporates elements of neural circuits (recurrent excitation, and mutual inhibition, specifically), we identify plausible mechanisms for the continuity illusion. Our findings can help guide future studies of neural correlate of this illusion and inform development of more biophysically-based models of the auditory continuity illusion.
Placenta DNA methylation atZNF300is associated with fetal sex and placental morphology
Authors: Ladd-Acosta Christine , Andrews Shan V. , Bakulski Kelly M. , Feinberg Jason I. , Tryggvadottir Rakel , Yao Ruofan , Croen Lisa A. , Hertz-Picciotto Irva , Newschaffer Craig J. , Salafia Carolyn M. , Feinberg Andrew P. , Hansen Kasper D. , Daniele Fallin M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFetal sex-specific differences in placental morphology and physiology have been associated with sexually dimorphic health outcomes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these sex differences are not well understood. We performed whole genome bisulfite sequencing in 133 placenta samples and discovered a significant difference in DNA methylation (DNAm) at theZNF300gene locus between male and female offspring and replicated this result in 6 independent datasets. Additionally, the sex-specific pattern appears to be placenta-specific, is robust to a wide range of gestational ages and adverse health outcomes and is present in sorted placenta villous cytotrophoblast cells. Integration of DNAm, genetic, and placental morphology data from the same individuals revealedZNF300methylation is also associated with placenta area, perimeter, and max diameter, genetic variants on chromosomes 5 and X, and may mediate the effects of genetic variation on placental area.