bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social-pragmatic contextual comprehension in Italian preschool and school-aged children: a study using the Pragma test
Authors: Gabbatore Ilaria , Bosco Francesca M. , Mäkinen Leena , Leinonen Eeva , Loukusa Soile 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Efficient communication requires the interplay of linguistic, cognitive and social skills, including the ability to make contextual inferences and to understand others’ intentions and emotions. The capacity to effectively use language in specific contexts (i.e., pragmatic ability) develops with age, and an assessment of this ability is important for understanding both typical and atypical development. The Pragma test was originally developed and validated on Finnish children to assess social-pragmatic comprehension. The present study utilizes a slightly adapted version of the Pragma test, translated into Italian, and presents the results of the test given to 110 typically developing Italian children (4–8 years of age). The Italian version of the Pragma test shows content and concurrent validity, interrater reliability, and internal consistency, and it proves to be sensitive in detecting an age-dependent pattern of performance, across pre-school and school age children, in the pragmatic parameters investigated. The present study has ramifications for clinical contexts, as data for typical pragmatic development enables identification of strengths and weaknesses in the pragmatic performance in clinical populations. Finally, the results indicate that the Pragma test is relevant to both Finnish and Italian cultural contexts, thus providing the opportunity to make cross-cultural comparisons.
Comparative effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on pulmonary function in hypertensive patients
Authors: Jabbar Azza S. , Neamah Nadheera F. , Al-Darraji Ahmed H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Hypertension is a very common cardiovascular disease. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are widely used to treat hypertension. Many patients with hypertension are vulnerable to the antihypertensive adverse effects, which potentially reduces the adherence rate. Therefore, we conducted this study in order to evaluate the safety profile of both classes (ACEi and ARBs) on respiratory functions.

Methods
Two main groups of subjects were studied: first group is healthy control subjects and the second group is hypertensive patients, which was subdivided into subgroups in order to investigate the effect of all tested medications (captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, losartan, and valsartan). Respiratory efficiency was evaluated by measuring pulmonary function tests: FEV1, FVC, and FEV1%. Measurements were done using micromedical spirometer.

Results
We found that ARBs do not impair normal respiratory functions as measured by FEV1, FEV1%, and FVC in hypertensive patients. While ACEi treatments significantly reduced FEV1, FEV1%, and FVC compared to the other groups.

Conclusions
ARBs are not associated with any harmful effects on respiratory functions in hypertensive patients, unlike ACEi. As such, they could represent a first-choice treatment for hypertensive patients who are at high risk to the respiratory adverse effects.
Public health approach of Unani medicine to cope and stay safe in hot environmental conditions
Authors: Khan Tariq Nadeem , Itrat Malik , Ansari Tasfiya Hakeem 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The rising episodes of deadly heat waves have intensified the need for a heat protection strategy. The Unani system of medicine offers ways to stay healthy in different climatic conditions. Hence, this article aims to discuss the applicability of health protection measures suggested by Unani scholars for hot weather conditions in the light of current researches. The manual literature survey of classical Unani texts was conducted to collect information on health safety measures for hot weather. A substantial search of scientific databases such as “Google Scholar” and “Medline” for proposed measures in combination with “heat-stroke”, “heat exhaustion” and “heat rash” was also conducted to identify their possible activity in heat-related illnesses. The guidelines for summer seasons in the classical Unani literature are described under the title tadābīr-i-mavsam. Unani scholars have discussed in detail the pathophysiological effects of heat and the measures to stay healthy by regulating the body system through lifestyle, diet and herbs. Most of the measures proposed by them are backed up by evidences. However, some measures have not yet been evaluated for their therapeutic or prophylactic efficacy in heat-related illnesses. On the basis of findings, the authors advocate the adoption of evidence-based measures and propose further investigation of those measures that are not well supported by the evidence or have not yet been evaluated.
Infant outcomes and maternal COVID-19 status at delivery
Authors: Zgutka Kinga , Prasanth Kaninghat , Pinero-Bernardo Shirley , Lew Lily Q. , Cervellione Kelly , Rhythm Rhythm , Rahman Lubna , Dolmaian Gigliola , Cohen Lourdes 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To compare clinical characteristics and outcomes of infants born to COVID-19 to non COVID-19 mothers at delivery in a community hospital in Queens, New York.

Methods
Case-control study conducted March 15 to June 15, 2020. Cases were infants born to mothers with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection at delivery. The infant of non COVID-19 mother born before and after each case were selected as controls.

Results
Of 695 deliveries, 62 (8.9%) infants were born to COVID-19 mothers; 124 controls were selected. Among cases, 18.3% were preterm compared to 8.1% in controls (p=0.04). In preterm cases, birth weight was not significantly different between groups. However, there was a significantly higher proportion of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions, need for respiratory support, suspected sepsis, hyperbilirubinemia, feeding intolerance and longer length of stay (LOS) in preterm cases. Among term cases, birth weight and adverse outcomes were not significantly different between cases and controls except for more feeding intolerance in cases. All infants born to COVID-19 mothers were COVID-19 negative at 24 and 48 h of life. No infants expired during birth hospitalization.

Conclusions
Significantly, more infants of COVID-19 mothers were premature compared to controls. Preterm cases were more likely to have adverse outcomes despite having similar birth weight and gestational age. These differences were not seen among full term infants. Health care providers should anticipate the need for NICU care when a COVID-19 mother presents in labor.
Observations of a coastal population of huemul, Hippocamelus bisulcus (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) in Riesco Island, Magallanes Region, Chile: a conservation opportunity
Authors: Moreira-Arce Dario , Peñaranda Diego A. , Lopéz Rodrigo , Stipicic Gregor J. , Hidalgo-Hermoso Ezequiel , Simonetti Javier A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We document the presence of a huemul population on Cabo León, Riesco Island, Chilean Patagonia 15 years after its first assessment, providing ecological insights for this southernmost coastal population. During Austral spring 2018 we recorded indirect signs of huemul presence and five individuals including one yearling across 35 km of trails, estimating a density of 2.3 ind/km2. Records were distributed in dense secondary forest, at low elevations and slopes. These observations suggest the presence of a breeding population, favored by the establishment of a private reserve and the reduction of livestock, along with the recently established Kawésqar National Park.
A reappraisal of the species richness of Euneomys Coues 1874 (Rodentia, Cricetidae), with emendations of the type localities of Reithrodon fossor Thomas 1899 and Euneomys mordax Thomas 1912
Authors: Teta Pablo , D’Elía Guillermo , Lanzone Cecilia , Ojeda Agustina , Novillo Agustina , Ojeda Ricardo A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The genus Euneomys is mostly distributed in the open environments of the central and southern Andes, adjacent Patagonian steppes of Argentina and Chile, and in several islands of the Tierra del Fuego Archipelago. This genus includes three living species: E. chinchilloides, E. fossor, and E. mordax. Euneomys fossor is a poorly known species, with an uncertain geographic provenance and known from a single specimen, whose distinction from the other species of the genus has not been accurately assessed. Here, using qualitative and quantitative morphological evidence, plus published information about karyotypes and genetic variation, we evaluate the taxonomic status of E. fossor and E. noei, a nominal form usually considered a synonym of E. mordax. Based on multivariate analysis of cranial measurements and morphological discrete traits, we recognize two main morphotypes within Euneomys, one referable to E. chinchilloides (with dabbenei, petersoni, and ultimus as synonyms), and another including E. fossor, E. mordax, and E. noei. The recognition of two major groups within Euneomys is also supported by molecular and chromosomal data. By the principle of the priority, the names of E. chinchilloides and E. fossor applies for each one of these morphotypes. In addition, after discussing the pros and cons of replacing the name mordax by fossor, we emended the type localities of both forms.
Acute myeloid leukemia with leukemic pleural effusion and high levels of pleural adenosine deaminase: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Wang Sing-Ting , Chen Chieh-Lung , Liang Shih-Hsin , Yeh Shih-Peng , Cheng Wen-Chien 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pleural effusions are rarely observed in association with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and their true incidence remains unknown. Given the low diagnostic yield from cytopathologic analysis of malignant pleural effusions and the fact that patients with leukemia are often thrombocytopenic and unable to tolerate invasive procedures, the incidence of leukemic effusions may be underestimated. Here, we report a rare case of pleural effusion in a patient with newly diagnosed AML. Initial analysis revealed an exudative, lymphocyte-predominant effusion. High levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA) were detected in pleural fluid, consistent with a diagnosis of tuberculosis. However, the analysis of pleural cytology revealed leukemic cells, permitting the diagnosis of leukemic effusion to be made. The patient underwent induction chemotherapy and pleural effusion resolved without recurrence. This case emphasizes the diagnostic dilemma presented by high levels of ADA in a leukemic pleural effusion, as this association has not been previously considered in the literature.
A Functional Approach to Ontology
Authors: Gan Nathaniel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere are two ways of approaching an ontological debate: ontological realism recommends that metaphysicians seek to discover deep ontological facts of the matter, while ontological anti-realism denies that there are such facts; both views sometimes run into difficulties. This paper suggests an approach to ontology that begins with conceptual analysis and takes the results of that analysis as a guide for which metaontological view to hold. It is argued that in some cases, the functions for which we employ a part of our conceptual scheme might give us reasons to posit ontological facts regarding certain objects. The proposed approach recommends ontological realism about an object just in case our conceptual scheme gives us reason to. This yields a mixed overall metaontological view that adopts ontological realism to some issues and ontological anti-realism to others, and that avoids the difficulties that typically arise for the two views.
Crystal structure of bis(3,3-dimethyl-1-phenylbut-1-en-2-yl)(trimethylsilyl)amido-k1
N)zinc(II), Zn(C15H24NSi)2
Authors: Wang Jun-Hong , Tong Hong-Bo , Wang Meng-Liang , Yuan Hai-Yan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Zn(C15H24NSi)2, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.828(3) Å, b = 9.458(3) Å, c = 10.786(3) Å, α = 74.609(4)°, β = 73.915(4)°, γ = 64.888(4)°, V = 772.1(4) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0476, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1225, T = 293 K.
The Trade Disruption Hypothesis Fails for State-Sponsored Genocides and Mass Atrocities: Why It Matters
Authors: Anderton Charles H. , Anderton Roxane A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Our research question is: Do state-sponsored genocides and mass atrocities disrupt trade? In the “conflict disrupts trade” literature there is substantial research on how interstate and intrastate conflict and terrorism affect trade, but very little research on the possible trade disruption effects of genocides and mass atrocities. Our work helps fill this research gap. We bring a suite of estimation methodologies and robustness checks to the question for a pooled sample of 175 countries for the time period 1970–2017. We also test for trade disruption individually for 26 countries that experienced genocide or mass atrocity. Unlike much of the “conflict disrupts trade” literature, we find little empirical support that genocide disrupts trade and at best weak evidence that mass atrocity disrupts trade. Our results have important implications for atrocity prevention policy; when potential atrocity architects evaluate the expected benefits and costs of carrying out atrocity, it seems that, in most cases, they need not worry about trade disruption costs. Our results also matter for empirical research on risk factors for genocides and mass atrocities, particularly for studies that hypothesize risk reduction properties associated with trade.
Development of program-driven plug-in for conical counter-rotating twin screw based on SolidWorks
Authors: Dong Liqun , Zhang Junwei , Qin Liang , Xue Ping , Ma Yun , Zhang Yajun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Owing to the existence of the cone angle, the size of a conical counter-rotating twin screw continuously changes along the axis, so it is not easy to model using SolidWorks. In this study, the parametric design of the modeling process is completed based on the Visual Basic language and a program-driven method. Finally, the SolidWorks program plug-in and user interface are developed to complete the automatic generation of the three-dimensional model of a conical counter-rotating twin screw.
Token reflexivity and logic
Authors: Georgi Geoff 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Token-reflexive theories of indexicals – words like ‘I,’ ‘here,’ and ‘today’ – are widely thought to face a problem in account for intuitively valid arguments involving indexicals. Yet all discussions of the problem with which I am familiar focus on particular examples or on particular rules of inference. In this paper, I first state the problem in its full generality, and then argue that two recent attempts to reject the problem fail. Finally, I consider the proposal by García-Carpintero that demonstratives – ‘this’ and ‘that’ – raise the same problem. I argue that while there are important similarities between the logic problem for token-reflexives and the role of demonstratives in logic, recent work on the logic of demonstratives can offer insights into logic that token-reflexive theories cannot.
Synthesis and Properties of Alkyl Bis-Guanidinium Acetates Surfactants
Authors: Song Yongbo , Zheng Hongyan , Niu Yulan , Yao Ying , Meng Rongqian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Novel surfactants with double hydrophilic groups (cocopropane and tallowpropane bis-guanidinium acetates), were synthesized and tested to evaluate both the basic surfactant properties and the unique application performance. Surface tension, conductivity and contact angle measurements were used to study the self-aggregation behavior in aqueous solution. Aggregation parameters were calculated such as adsorption efficiency and effectiveness (pC20 and CAC/C20), the maximum surface excess concentration (Гmax) and minimum surface area permolecule (Amin). The thermodynamic parameters of aggregation based conductivity measurements revealed that the aggregation process was spontaneous and entropy-driven. Compared to DTAC and CTAC, the alkyl bis-guanidinium acetates showed a higher emulsification capacity with both liquid kerosene and soybean oil. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity showed that the alkyl bisguanidinium acetates exhibited strong antibacterial activity against the tested strains at a concentration of 50 ppm.
Biodegradability of Polyvinyl Alcohol Based Film Used for Liquid Detergent Capsules
Authors: Byrne Dominic , Boeije Geert , Croft Ian , Hüttmann Gerd , Luijkx Gerard , Meier Frank , Parulekar Yash , Stijntjes Gerard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Questions and potential misperceptions have arisen about the potential contribution of liquid detergent capsules to the environmental microplastics issue. The film of these detergents is highly water soluble, also in cold water, as it must fully dissolve during every type of washing process. Water-soluble grades of polyvinyl alcohol, the most commonly used detergent capsule film material, are recognised to be biodegradable. In the current paper, adequate biodegradability is confirmed by means of ready biodegradation screening tests, across a range of polyvinyl alcohol detergent grade films. The high water solubility in itself implies that detergent capsule films are not within the microplastic scope. Furthermore, their biodegradability ensures there is no concern for persistence or accumulation in the environment.
Eloquent Artifice and Natural Simplicity: Moral Aesthetics of Painting and Eating in Chardin’s Late Food Still Lifes
Authors: Lee Hyejin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Jean-Siméon Chardin’s food still lifes from the 1750s and 1760s diverge from his earlier kitchen displays by exhibiting mainly ready-to-eat fruit, baked goods, and beverages, without any suggestion of additional cooking. The emergence of this subgenre in the artist’s oeuvre corresponded to the rise of a new ethos of eating in mid-1700s France, which championed simply prepared food as the alimentary corrective to the corrupting influence of over-refined modern cookery. This moral discourse on Chardin’s subject matter ran parallel to the critical acclaim for the distinct visuality of his art as an antidote to the excess of rococo style. In light of the mid-century discourse on art and food, Chardin’s late still lifes embodied the reformist aesthetic advocated by the French intellectual elite.
Matisse in Vence: Die Kapelle als Atelier
Authors: Zeidler Sebastian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This essay aims at a re-evaluation of Henri Matisse’s Chapel at Vence. It accounts for all major elements of the chapel’s decoration, including the celebrated windows and tile drawings, but also probes a little-known liturgical object: the ciborium, the container of the hosts, which Matisse designed as a goldfish bowl. Whenever the ciborium is placed on the altar during Mass, it transforms the chapel space into a three-dimensional version of Matisse’s paintings of artist’s studios. The result is a space that transcends the familiar divide between secularism and reenchantment. By placing his own surrogate at the chapel’s center as the beholder of its decoration, Matisse gave form to a modern subject position for which boundless self-empowerment is indistinguishable from solipsism.
One-dimensional spherical shock waves in an interstellar dusty gas clouds
Authors: Chauhan Astha , Sharma Kajal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A system of partial differential equations describing the one-dimensional motion of an inviscid self-gravitating and spherical symmetric dusty gas cloud, is considered. Using the method of the kinematics of one-dimensional motion of shock waves, the evolution equation for the spherical shock wave of arbitrary strength in interstellar dusty gas clouds is derived. By applying first order truncation approximation procedure, an efficient system of ordinary differential equations describing shock propagation, which can be regarded as a good approximation of infinite hierarchy of the system. The truncated equations, which describe the shock strength and the induced discontinuity, are used to analyze the behavior of the shock wave of arbitrary strength in a medium of dusty gas. The results are obtained for the exponents from the successive approximation and compared with the results obtained by Guderley’s exact similarity solution and characteristic rule (CCW approximation). The effects of the parameters of the dusty gas and cooling-heating function on the shock strength are depicted graphically.
Queuing Strategy in Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART)
Authors: Radha S. , Maragathasundari S. , Manikandan P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates an examination on a lining system in Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART). DART is an element of an improved tsunami warning system. By changing the order in solar high temperature and thickness and diffusing the information through an outward float to a station on the ground by satellite, DART empowers moment and precise tidal wave gauges. Here we study a Queuing issue that occurs during the hour of DART. The Queuing issue is changed into a scientific Queuing model, and it is settled by methods for a supplementary variable procedure of a lining process. We infer the likelihood of creating a function of the queue size and the exhibition proportions of the framework viz. mean length of the queue size and normal waiting time of the line. Likewise, we figure the inactive time and usage factor of the base weight recorder (Server). The model is very much clarified by the methods for diagrammatic portrayal. The model is all-around clarified in detail by the methods for its application. In addition, it is all-around legitimized by the methods for numerical representation and graphical methodology.
La “responsividad” en la escritura sobre las prácticas de enseñanza
Authors: Greco Ohuschi Márcia Cristina 
Published: March 2021

This paper, which is linked to the research project La escritura sobre las prácticas de enseñanza en licenciaturas de Brasil, de Costa Rica y de Honduras: registro, análisis y producción de conocimiento (UFPA/CNPq), aims to diagnose responsivity manifested in writing regarding pre-service teachers during their practicum. This research is situated within the Applied Linguistics field and is grounded on the socio-historical perspective of language, according to the theoretical assumptions of Bakhtin/Volochinov (1992) and Bakhtin (2003). With regard to Bakhtin’s notion of responsivity, we follow the studies of Menegassi (2008; 2009) and Ohuschi (2013). As research is still in progress, we present a representative sample of responsivity manifested in practicum reports of a writing class - Portuguese Language - at the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Campus of Castanhal. The results show that trainees demonstrate, in writing about the teaching practicum, active responsivity with explanatory and illustrative expansion in levels of explanation, commentary, and criticism.