bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Pamidronate in Acute Cardiotoxicity Induced by Doxorubicin in Rats
Authors: Polegato Bertha , Carvalho Paula , Bergamasco Carolina , Gonçalves Andrea , Azevedo Paula , Modesto Pamela , Roscani Meliza , Fernandes Ana , Paiva Sergio , Zornoff Leonardo , Matsubara Luiz , Okoshi Marina , Minicucci Marcos 
Published: June 2021

AimEvaluate pamidronate (Pam) effects in ventricular function, matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) activity, oxidative stress, and myocardial energetic metabolism during acute doxorubicin (Dox)‐induced cardiotoxicity.Methods64 Wistar rats were allocated in 4 groups: Control, Dox, Pam and Dox + Pam. Rats received Pam (3 mg/kg, IP) or saline. After 24 hours, rats received Dox (20 mg/kg, IP) or saline. Forty‐eight hours after Dox injection, rats were euthanized. Statistical analysis: two‐way ANOVA.ResultsDox induced diastolic and systolic ventricular dysfunction and increased MMP‐2 activity. Dox increased myocardial oxidative stress (increased in lipid hydroperoxide, and decreased in catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase myocardial levels) and impaired myocardial energetic metabolism (increased in phosphofructokinase and decreased in β‐hydroxyacyl dehydrogenase myocardial levels). Pam associated with Dox did not change ventricular function or MMP‐2 activity, but it decreased lipid hydroperoxide (p=0.042) and increased catalase (p<0.001) and superoxide dismutase levels (p<0.001). Also, Pam improved phosphofructokinase (p=0.021) and β‐hydroxyacyl dehydrogenase levels (p<0.001).ConclusionPam attenuated acute Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity because it decreased oxidative stress and modulated myocardial energetic metabolism.Acknowledgement: PROPe‐UNESP and FAPESP.
Airway exposure of e‐cigarette‐vapors impairs autophagy and induces aggresome‐formation
Authors: Shivalingappa Prashanth , Westphal Colin , Vij Neeraj 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveElectronic‐cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) are proposed to be a safer alternative to tobacco‐cigarettes. Hence, we evaluated if e‐cigarette‐vapors (eCV) impairs cellular proteostasis similar to cigarette‐smoke (CS)‐exposure.ResultsFirst, we evaluated the impact of eCV‐exposure (~2.5mg or 7.5mg) on Beas2b cells that showed significant increase in accumulation of ubiquitinated‐proteins (ub, insoluble‐fractions) with time‐dependent decrease in proteasomal‐activities from 1hr to 6hrs (p<0.01) of eCV‐exposure as compared to room‐air control. We verified that even minimal eCV‐exposure (1hr) induces valosin containing protein (VCP; p<0.01), sequestosome‐1/p62 (aberrant‐autophagy marker; p<0.05) and aggresome‐formation (ub‐accumulation) using immunoblotting (IB), fluorescence microscopy and immunopreciptation (IP). The inhibition of protein synthesis by 6hr cyclohexamide (50µg/ml) treatment significantly (p<0.01) alleviates eCV‐induced (1hr) aggresome‐bodies. We also observed that eCV (1hr) induced protein aggregation can activate apoptosis (caspase‐3/7) and senescence (SA‐β‐gal) activities (p<0.01) as compared to room‐air controls. We verified using carbamazepine (CBZ, 20µM, 6hrs) that eCV induced changes in ub‐accumulation, proteasomal activity, autophagy, apoptosis and senescence could all be controlled by autophagy induction by CBZ. We further confirmed the role of acute eCV‐exposure on autophagy impairment in murine lungs (C57BL/6 and CD1) by IB (ub, p62, VCP) and IP (VCP, p62) similar to in‐vitro experiments.ConclusioneCV induced autophagy impairment and aggresome‐formation activates apoptosis/senescence suggesting its potential role in COPD‐emphysema pathogenesis.
ATP Antagonism Attenuates the Reflex Cutaneous Vasoconstriction Response in Humans
Authors: Smaller Kevin , Lang James 
Published: June 2021

Norepinephrine is responsible for ~60% of the reflex cutaneous VC response in young individuals, whereas the remainder is due to a coreleased sympathetic adrenergic neurotransmitter(s) that has yet to be identified. There is conflicting evidence supporting neuropeptide Y in this role; however, other putative cotransmitters have yet to be tested in human skin. We hypothesize that ATP contributes to the reflex cutaneous VC response to whole‐body cooling (Tsk = 30.5 oC). Three microdialysis (MD) fibers were placed in the forearm skin of 7 (25 ± 1 years; 4 males, 3 females) individuals for infusion of 1) lactated Ringer's solution (control), 2) 10 mM L‐NAME, and 3) purinergic receptor blockade with 1mM suramin + L‐NAME. Laser Doppler flux (LDF) was measured over each MD site and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated as CVC = LDF/mean arterial pressure and expressed as a percent change from baseline (%ΔCVC). L‐NAME was used to block the vasodilatory influence of ATP and unmask the P2X‐mediated VC response to exogenous ATP infusion (‐18 ± 2 %ΔCVC). This response was blocked in the suramin‐pretreated site (‐2 ± 1 %ΔCVC). During whole body cooling (Tsk = 30.5 oC), the VC response in the suramin site was attenuated (‐24 ± 3 %ΔCVC; p < 0.05) compared to the control site (‐35 ± 4 %ΔCVC). These data suggest that ATP has a contributory role in the reflex cutaneous VC response in humans during whole‐body cooling.**Funded by Iowa Osteopathic & Education Research Grant (IOER #03‐14‐01)
Disadvantages and complications of laparoscopic operations
Authors: Fursov A.B. , Ismailov A.S. , Kuspaev E.N. 
Published: June 2021

Analyzed 5000 laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed various clinics and complications during surgery. The main difficulties and errors in the treatment of patients.Found that many complications during the operation associated with the method of laparoscopic surgery. This is primarily facilitated by Visual inspection (in 35% of cases), in the zone of operation of several instruments of cops, working part of each of them can be a conductor of electrical current one. That resulted in significant currents with burns the internal organs (10%). in addition, our use of irrigation during the operation contributed to the electrical conduction along the dièlek‐electric facilities on top of the metal tools. This led to the emergence of assessmenttion ways current through liquid and electric sparks (0,5%).A complication in the postoperative pancreatitis we observed only one (0.2%) case. Wound suppuration and formation of inflammatory infiltrations of the anterior abdominal wall were 0.4% of patients (paraumbilikal‐infection of the wound). Pneumonia is diagnosed in the postoperative period, only 0.2% of patients.4,7% of patients have been simultaneous operational intervention. In the second halfofthe cases is cholecystectomy and hernia repair (paraumbili‐locally or umbilical hernia). Overall postoperative lethality was 0.66%. Overall‐a single case of death of the patient after through injury of abdominal aorta trochar.Severe intraoperative complications (biliary injuries Pu Tei) in 3 times more likely to occur under emergency laparoscopic holecistèktomiâh about the destructive forms of cholecystitis than routine operations.
Analysis of the reasons of development of lethal cases of surgical patients
Authors: Ismailov A.S. , Kuspaev E.N. , Fursov A.B. 
Published: June 2021

The retrospective analysis of stories of diseases of the died patients of office of the general surgery is carried out to the period from 2011 to 2013. Among 121 died sick offices of the general surgery 51 patients in age group were more senior than 60 years (42,1%). So at 31 patients the heavy course of the main disease was aggravated with existence of accompanying pathology. 29 patients were hospitalized in a hospital in a critical condition.DiscussionIn 75% of cases it is necessary to state not preventability of development of a lethal outcome in view of weight of a condition of the patient. In 17% of cases development of a lethal outcome could be prevented at the timely request of the patient for medical care, at timely establishment of the correct diagnosis and at purpose of adequate treatment. In the analysis of the main diseases which have led to development of a lethal outcome of patients of office of the general surgery it is possible to divide into 3 groups.The I group – patients with the diagnosis sharp pancreatitis, pancreatonecrosis (14,9%), and patients with the diagnosis sharp destructive cholecystitis (10,7%). These nosological forms are the most widespread in structure of the hospitalized patients therefore at arrival of patients with the complicated forms of a course of a disease at this category of patients the lethal outcome developed.The II group – patients with diagnoses at which the high rate of a lethality (the cirrhosis complicated by a syndrome of portal hypertensia and bleeding from varicose and expanded veins of a gullet) is noted.The III group – patients with not surgical diagnoses which were hospitalized because of a nontransportable serious condition of the patient (a myocardial infarction, pyelonephritis, disseminirovanny tuberculosis of lungs, purulentsalpingooophoritis).
Intramyocellular Triacylglycerol is Associated with Peroxisomal Biogenesis in Skeletal Muscle from Lean and Obese Humans
Authors: Huang Tai‐Yu , Zheng Donghai , Park Sanghee , Houmard Joseph , Hickner Robert , Cortright Ronald 
Published: June 2021

Obesity is associated with elevated levels of lipids (intramyocellular triacylglycerols; IMTG) and reductions in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle, both which are associated with insulin resistance. Known predominately for their actions in liver, peroxisomes are subcellular compartments essential for lipid disposal by chain‐shortening very long‐ and long‐chain fatty acids to acyl‐carnitines, permitting CPT‐1 independent entry into the mitochondria for oxidation. We hypothesized that peroxisome proliferation in human skeletal muscle occurs as an adaptive response to elevated lipid supply and accumulation (IMTG) which could facilitate mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Assays for the peroxisomal biogenesis marker PEX19 protein content and IMTG were assessed using vastus lateralis from obese and lean humans. Peroxisomal membrane protein 70 (PMP70) was measured after lipid incubation of human skeletal muscle primary myotubes. Results: 1. A significant relationship between tissue IMTG and PEX19 was identified in human skeletal muscle tissue (P<0.05) but not % body fat or BMI 2) PEX19 protein content was elevated (P<0.05) in tissues from obese individuals with high IMTG and 3) An increase in peroxisomal PMP70 was observed (P<0.05) with high fat incubation of human primary myotubes.ConclusionThis is the first report associating lipid oversupply, IMTG accumulation, and peroxisomal biogenesis in human skeletal muscle suggesting a functional‐adaptive role for peroxisomes in mitochondrial lipid oxidation and obesity.
Medical Device-Related Pressure Injury to the Ear from a Mask
Authors: Levine Jeffrey M. , Ayello Elizabeth A. , Persaud Balwant , Spinner Ruth 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Mask wearing is now ubiquitous because of the COVID-19 pandemic and has given rise to medical device-related pressure injuries in persons at risk of skin breakdown. The ear has unique anatomy that is particularly susceptible to injury from pressure. In this time of mandatory personal protective equipment requirements in healthcare facilities, protection and assessment of skin in the vulnerable postauricular area are needed. This article presents a case report of a pressure injury on the ear, reviews the anatomy of the ear, and provides strategies for assessment and treatment of pressure injuries in this often overlooked anatomic region.
Hemodynamic Patterns Before Inhospital Cardiac Arrest in Critically Ill Children: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Erez Ely , Mazwi Mjaye L. , Marquez Alexandra M. , Moga Michael-Alice , Eytan Danny 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To characterize prearrest hemodynamic trajectories of children suffering inhospital cardiac arrest.

DESIGN:
Exploratory retrospective analysis of arterial blood pressure and electrocardiogram waveforms.

SETTING:
PICU and cardiac critical care unit in a tertiary-care children’s hospital.

PATIENTS:
Twenty-seven children with invasive blood pressure monitoring who suffered a total of 31 inhospital cardiac arrest events between June 2017 and June 2019.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We assessed changes in cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, stroke volume, and heart rate derived from arterial blood pressure waveforms using three previously described estimation methods. We observed substantial prearrest drops in cardiac output (population median declines of 65–84% depending on estimation method) in all patients in the 10 minutes preceding inhospital cardiac arrest. Most patients’ mean arterial blood pressure also decreased, but this was not universal. We identified three hemodynamic patterns preceding inhospital cardiac arrest: subacute pulseless arrest (n = 18), acute pulseless arrest (n = 7), and bradycardic arrest (n = 6). Acute pulseless arrest events decompensated within seconds, whereas bradycardic and subacute pulseless arrest events deteriorated over several minutes. In the subacute and acute pulseless arrest groups, decreases in cardiac output were primarily due to declines in stroke volume, whereas in the bradycardic group, the decreases were primarily due to declines in heart rate.

CONCLUSIONS:
Critically ill children exhibit distinct physiologic behaviors prior to inhospital cardiac arrest. All events showed substantial declines in cardiac output shortly before inhospital cardiac arrest. We describe three distinct prearrest patterns with varying rates of decline and varying contributions of heart rate and stroke volume changes to the fall in cardiac output. Our findings suggest that monitoring changes in arterial blood pressure waveform-derived heart rate, pulse pressure, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance estimates could improve early detection of inhospital cardiac arrest by up to several minutes. Further study is necessary to verify the patterns witnessed in our cohort as a step toward patient rather than provider-centered definitions of inhospital cardiac arrest.
Lactobacillus Endocarditis Complicated by Presumed Vertebral Osteomyelitis and Embolic Stroke
Authors: Argotsinger Jill , Beganovic Maya , Taha Rami , Anderson Morgan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Lactobacillus species is a facultative anaerobic gram-positive bacillus that is part of the normal flora and is rarely considered pathogenic. In fact, frequently it is used therapeutically as a probiotic. Although normally considered benign, Lactobacillus has been reported to cause bacteremia with and without endocarditis, vertebral osteomyelitis, abscesses, meningitis, peritonitis, and pneumonia. Recommended treatment of choice based on expert opinion for severe infections due to Lactobacillus species endocarditis is high-dose penicillin in combination with an aminoglycoside. In this report, we describe a case in which a 47-year old man with no past medical history develops native aortic valve endocarditis complicated by embolic stroke and presumed lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis.
Salmonella Aortitis Related to Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Mansoor Armaghan-e-Rehman , Ladani Amit 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A 65-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis on immunosuppression with methotrexate and etanercept presented with abdominal pain, fever, and diarrhea. Symptoms initially improved with a short course of oral ciprofloxacin but soon recurred. Computed tomography imaging of the abdomen was concerning for intramural abscess, aortitis, and a 3.8-cm aneurysm. She was initiated on broad-spectrum antibiotics and underwent emergent endovascular repair and graft. Blood and intraoperative cultures remained negative. After completing 6 weeks of broad-spectrum antibiotics, she had recurrence of symptoms, with blood cultures showing Salmonella species, requiring explant of hardware and a surgical bypass. She had several subsequent morbidities, including iatrogenic chylous leak, and Clostridium difficile colitis, and ultimately died.
A high degree of suspicion is needed for a timely diagnosis of infectious aortitis in patients with compatible findings. Despite optimal therapy, infectious aortitis continues to have significant morbidity and mortality.
Matched Cohort Analysis of the Effect of the Facial Recess Approach on Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak After Translabyrinthine Surgery for Schwannoma
Authors: Christopher Laura , Slattery William , Lekovic Gregory P. , Mehta Gautam U. , Miller Mia 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
The facial recess approach during translabyrinthine surgery has been used to expose the eustachian tube (ET) for packing. We sought to determine the effect of this technique on the development of postoperative nasopharyngeal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks.

Patients:
Cohorts of patients with cerebellopontine angle schwannomas who underwent a facial recess approach or no facial recess approach were matched based on tumor size.

Interventions:
Translabyrinthine surgery for tumor resection.

Main Outcome Measures:
Postoperative CSF leaks were recorded and nasopharyngeal CSF leaks were utilized as the primary outcome measure.

Results:
Using an exact matching protocol based on tumor size, 102 patients were included in each group (204 total, 111 female, 93 male). Overall, 9 patients (4.4%) demonstrated a postoperative nasopharyngeal CSF leak. Postoperative CSF rhinorrhea was noted in 3.9% of the group who underwent a facial recess approach for packing of the ET and 4.9% of the group who did not undergo a facial recess approach. This rate was not significantly different between groups (p = 0.99, Odds ratio: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.15–3.8). Secondary variables including age, tumor size, a diagnosis of NF2, and the packing material used were not significant predictors of nasopharyngeal CSF leaks.

Conclusions:
CSF rhinorrhea is infrequent after translabyrinthine surgery. The incidence of this complication is not affected by whether or not a facial recess approach is performed during surgery to pack the ET. Based on these data, use of this technique should be based on surgeon comfort and preference.
Intensive Bimanual Intervention for Children Who Have Undergone Hemispherectomy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Robert Maxime T. , Ferre Claudio L. , Chin Karen Y. , Brandao Marina B. , Carmel Jason , Araneda Rodrigo , Bleyenheuft Yannick , Friel Kathleen , Gordon Andrew M. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
To conduct a pilot study to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of an intensive bimanual intervention on upper limb function in children who have undergone hemispherectomy.

Methods:
Thirteen children received 90 hours of intensive bimanual training (Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy, HABIT). The Jebsen-Taylor Test of Hand Function (JTTHF), Box and Block Test (BBT), Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA), ABILHAND-Kids, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) were assessed by a masked clinician twice before, immediately, and 6 months after treatment.

Results:
Significant improvements over time were found in the JTTHF, AHA, ABILHAND-Kids, and COPM.

Conclusion:
Completion of HABIT was feasible for children with hemispherectomy. Improvement of bimanual function and functional goals can be related to the nature of the activities prioritized in HABIT training.
Bicycling and Tricycling Road Race Performance in International Para-Cycling Events Between 2011 and 2019
Authors: Borg David N. , Osborne John O. , Tweedy Sean M. , Liljedahl Johanna B. , Nooijen Carla F. J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study described bicycling (C classes) and tricycling (T classes) performance in the International Cycling Federation road race events between 2011 and 2019. A total of 3243 race results from 33 events were analyzed. Race velocity was calculated for each result. Bicycling and tricycling data were separately modeled using a linear mixed-effects model. Bicycling velocity was statistically different between all adjacent men’s classes (Cohen d = 0.14–0.73) and between the women’s C1 and C2 (d = 1.15) and C3 and C4 (d = 0.48) classes. The absence of statistical differences between some women’s bicycling classes may be due to a limited number of observations in these classifications. As expected, velocity was statistically different between men’s (d = 1.64) and women’s (d = 1.38) T1 and T2 classes. Road race performance was hierarchical within the disciplines of bicycling and tricycling, although not all adjacent women’s bicycling classes were statistically different. The existence of a performance hierarchy does not necessarily validate the classification system. The integration of information regarding athlete impairment type and severity, with performance data, would provide greater insight into the validity of the classification system and should be prioritized as an area of future research.
Improving the Delivery of High-Quality Cancer Care in Medically Underserved Communities: A Formative Evaluation Method
Authors: Quinn Doris , Jacobson Joseph O. , Wong Sandra L. , Wollins Dana , Gilmore Terry , Cunningham Gene 
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives:
In 2015, the American Society of Clinical Oncology launched a new program: Improving Quality of Care in Underserved Communities with the overarching aim of serving patients with cancer who have traditionally had difficulty accessing the care they need. Cancer care requires intense coordination of complex services to provide safe, effective, timely, and equitable care. If chemotherapy and/or radiation is needed, patients must navigate a complex system of care many times, a formidable challenge for many disadvantaged patients. Many practices believe that these patients face such significant issues that it is almost impossible to provide high-quality care. A grant from the Stavros Niarchos Foundation allowed us to select 4 oncology practices serving high proportions of racial minorities and persons of low socioeconomic status to participate in the new American Society of Clinical Oncology program. The program had 2 objectives: (1) to improve the capacity and capability of the participating practices to provide evidence-based, high-quality care; and (2) to identify and disseminate lessons learned for improving quality of care among oncology practices serving underserved patients.

Methods:
The program leveraged existing programs including the Quality Oncology Practice Initiative, which is a national performance measurement and improvement program that collects data about processes of care provided in the outpatient medical oncology setting, and the American Society of Clinical Oncology Quality Training Program, which provides training in how to apply the tools and methods of quality improvement in routine care settings. Training was provided in face-to-face and virtual meetings and participants were provided mentors throughout the program. At the conclusion, a formative evaluation method was used to assess whether the goals had been achieved. Objectives, activities, and desired outcomes were identified for each of the goals and thus became the framework for the evaluation.

Results:
The program met the stated goals and objectives. The evaluation revealed many successes, some surprises, and a list of improvements that were incorporated in the next iteration of this program. Based on data from the evaluation, the Niarchos Foundation provided funds for an additional 10 practices to participate in a similar program in 2020.

Conclusion:
This article outlines the evaluation of a new program demonstrating that medical oncology practices can make improvements in the care of their underserved populations if provided with the proper tools, methods, and coaching. The use of formative evaluation methodology also identified opportunities for improvement and ultimately resulted in additional funding for more practices to participate in the program.