bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GUASOM: an adaptive visualization tool for unsupervised clustering in spectrophotometric astronomical surveys
Authors: Álvarez M. A. , Dafonte C. , Manteiga M. , Garabato D. , Santoveña R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present an adaptive visualization tool for unsupervised classification of astronomical objects in a Big Data context such as the one found in the increasingly popular large spectrophotometric sky surveys. This tool is based on an artificial intelligence technique, Kohonen’s self-organizing maps, and our goal is to facilitate the analysis work of the experts by means of oriented domain visualizations, which is impossible to achieve by using a generic tool. We designed a client-server that handles the data treatment and computational tasks to give responses as quickly as possible, and we used JavaScript Object Notation to pack the data between server and client. We optimized, parallelized, and evenly distributed the necessary calculations in a cluster of machines. By applying our clustering tool to several databases, we demonstrated the main advantages of an unsupervised approach: the classification is not based on pre-established models, thus allowing the “natural classes” present in the sample to be discovered, and it is suited to isolate atypical cases, with the important potential for discovery that this entails. Gaia Utility for the Analysis of self-organizing maps is an analysis tool that has been developed in the context of the Data Processing and Analysis Consortium, which processes and analyzes the observations made by ESA’s Gaia satellite (European Space Agency) and prepares the mission archive that is presented to the international community in sequential periodic publications. Our tool is useful not only in the context of the Gaia mission, but also allows segmenting the information present in any other massive spectroscopic or spectrophotometric database.
A fractional Hadamard formula and applications
Authors: Djitte Sidy Moctar , Fall Mouhamed Moustapha , Weth Tobias 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe derive a shape derivative formula for the family of principal Dirichlet eigenvalues $$\lambda _s(\Omega )$$

λ
s

(
Ω
)

of the fractional Laplacian $$(-\Delta )^s$$

(
-
Δ
)

s

associated with bounded open sets $$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^N$$

Ω
⊂

R

N

of class $$C^{1,1}$$

C

1
,
1

. This extends, with a help of a new approach, a result in Dalibard and Gérard-Varet (Calc. Var. 19(4):976–1013, 2013) which was restricted to the case $$s=\frac{1}{2}$$

s
=

1
2

. As an application, we consider the maximization problem for $$\lambda _s(\Omega )$$

λ
s

(
Ω
)

among annular-shaped domains of fixed volume of the type $$B\setminus \overline{B}'$$

B
\

B
¯

′

, where B is a fixed ball and $$B'$$

B
′

is ball whose position is varied within B. We prove that $$\lambda _s(B\setminus \overline{B}')$$

λ
s

(
B
\

B
¯

′

)

is maximal when the two balls are concentric. Our approach also allows to derive similar results for the fractional torsional rigidity. More generally, we will characterize one-sided shape derivatives for best constants of a family of subcritical fractional Sobolev embeddings.
On n-superharmonic functions and some geometric applications
Authors: Ma Shiguang , Qing Jie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper we study asymptotic behaviors of n-superharmonic functions at singularity using the Wolff potential and capacity estimates in nonlinear potential theory. Our results are inspired by and extend [6] of Arsove–Huber and [63] of Taliaferro in 2 dimensions. To study n-superharmonic functions we use a new notion of thinness in terms of n-capacity motivated by a type of Wiener criterion in [6]. To extend [63], we employ the Adams–Moser–Trudinger’s type inequality for the Wolff potential, which is inspired by the inequality used in [15] of Brezis–Merle. For geometric applications, we study the asymptotic end behaviors of complete conformally flat manifolds as well as complete properly embedded hypersurfaces in hyperbolic space. These geometric applications seem to elevate the importance of n-Laplace equations and make a closer tie to the classic analysis developed in conformal geometry in general dimensions.
Experimental method for identifying constitutive parameters of rolling resistance between particles in discrete element method
Authors: Wang Dianrui , Gao Zhengguo , Zhang Yajun , Dong Pengkun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA method to identify the parameters of rolling resistance between particles in the discrete element method is proposed in this paper. Experiments revealed that a free rolling particle would swing back and forth marginally before it stops. We assume that the restoring force of the swing is mainly rolling resistance. An optical experimental system was designed to obtain the rolling resistance in the DEM model. A method to identify the parameters using the time history curve of the swing is proposed. We measured the time history of the angular displacement of cylindrical samples made of rubber and aluminum. In addition, the rolling stiffness and damping coefficients were identified. The identified parameters were applied to the discrete element model to simulate the experimental process. The results show that the time-history curve of swing obtained by DEM is in good agreement with the experimental curve. This verifies that the particle swings back and forth because of rolling resistance and that the parameters of the rolling resistance model can be determined by this experimental method
Welfare and research and development incentive effects of uniform and differential pricing schemes
Authors: Gnecco Giorgio , Pammolli Fabio , Tuncay Berna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper is about the application of optimization methods to the analysis of three pricing schemes adopted by one manufacturer in a two-country model of production and trade. The analysis focuses on pricing schemes—one uniform pricing scheme, and two differential pricing schemes—for which there is no competition coming from the so-called parallel trade. This term denotes the practice of buying a patented product like a medicine in one market at one price, then re-selling it in a second so-called gray market at a higher price, on a parallel distribution chain where it competes with the official distribution chain. The adoption of pricing schemes under which parallel trade does not arise can prevent the occurrence of its well-documented negative effects. In the work, a comparison of the optimal solutions to the optimization problems modeling the three pricing schemes is performed. More specifically, conditions are found under which the two differential pricing schemes are more desirable from several points of view (e.g., incentive for the manufacturer to do Research and Development, product accessibility, global welfare) than the uniform pricing scheme. In particular, we prove that, compared to the uniform pricing scheme, the two differential pricing schemes increase the incentive for the manufacturer to invest in Research and Development. We also prove that they serve both countries under a larger range of values for the relative market size, making the product more accessible to consumers in the lower price country. Moreover, we provide a sufficient condition under which price discrimination is more efficient from a global welfare perspective than uniform pricing. The analysis applies in particular to the case of the European Single Market for medicines. Compared to other studies, our work takes into account also the possible presence in all the optimization problems of a positive constant marginal cost of production, showing that it can have non-negligible effects on the results of the analysis. As an important contribution, indeed, our analysis clarifies the conditions—which have been overlooked in the literature about the mechanisms adopted to prevent parallel trade occurrence—that allow/do not allow one to neglect the presence of this factor. Such conditions are related, e.g., to the comparison between the positive constant marginal cost of production, the parallel trade cost per-unit, and the maximal price that can be effectively charged to the consumers in the lower price country.
Comprehensive registry of esophageal cancer in Japan, 2014
Authors: Watanabe Masayuki , Toh Yasushi , Ishihara Ryu , Kono Koji , Matsubara Hisahiro , Murakami Kentaro , Muro Kei , Numasaki Hodaka , Oyama Tsuneo , Ozawa Soji , Saeki Hiroshi , Tanaka Koji , Tsushima Takahiro , Ueno Masaki , Uno Takashi , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Usune Shiyori , Takahashi Arata , Miyata Hiroaki ,   The Registration Committee for Esophageal Cancer of the Japan Esophageal Society
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The registration committee for esophageal cancer in the Japan Esophageal Society (JES) has collected the patients' characteristics, treatment, and outcomes annually.

Methods
We analyzed the data of patients who had visited the participating hospitals in 2014. We collected the data with a web-based data collection system using the National Clinical Database. We used the Japanese Classification of Esophageal Cancer 10th edition by JES and the TNM classification 7th edition by the Union of International Cancer Control (UICC) for cancer staging.

Results
A total of 9026 cases were registered from 344 institutions in Japan. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma accounted for 87.9% and 7.1%, respectively. The 5-year survival rates of patients treated using endoscopic resection, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, radiotherapy alone, and esophagectomy were 87.1%, 33.7%, 25.3%, and 59.3%, respectively. Esophagectomy was performed in 5204 cases. Concerning the approach used for esophagectomy, 48.1% of the cases were treated thoracoscopically. The operative mortality (within 30 days after surgery) was 0.75%, and the hospital mortality was 2.0%. The survival curves showed an excellent discriminatory ability both in the clinical and pathologic stages by the JES system. The survival of pStage IV was better than IIIC in the UICC system, because pStage IV included the patients with supraclavicular lymph-node metastasis (M1 LYM).

Conclusion
We hope that this report contributes to improving all aspects of diagnosing and treating esophageal cancer in Japan.
Reliability of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III in differentiating between dementia, mild cognitive impairment and older adults who have not reported cognitive problems
Authors: Potts C. , Richardson J. , Bond R. B. , Price R. K. , Mulvenna M. D. , Zvolsky P. , Harvey M. , Hughes C. F. , Duffy F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDiagnosing dementia can be challenging for clinicians, given the array of factors that contribute to changes in cognitive function. The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) is commonly used in dementia assessments, covering the domains of attention, memory, fluency, visuospatial and language. This study aims to (1) assess the reliability of ACE-III to differentiate between dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and controls and (2) establish whether the ACE-III is useful for diagnosing dementia subtypes. Client records from the Northern Health and Social Care Trust (NHSCT) Memory Service (n = 2,331, 2013–2019) were used in the analysis including people diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (n = 637), vascular dementia (n = 252), mixed dementia (n = 490), MCI (n = 920) and controls (n = 32). There were significant differences in total ACE-III and subdomain scores between people with dementia, MCI and controls (p < 0.05 for all), with little overlap between distribution of total ACE-III scores (< 39%) between groups. The distribution of total ACE-III and subdomain scores across all dementias were similar. There were significant differences in scores for attention, memory and fluency between Alzheimer’s disease and mixed dementia, and for visuospatial and language between Alzheimer’s disease–vascular dementia (p < 0.05 for all). However, despite the significant differences across these subdomains, there was a high degree of overlap between these scores (> 73%) and thus the differences are not clinically relevant. The results suggest that ACE-III is a useful tool for discriminating between dementia, MCI and controls, but it is not reliable for discriminating between dementia subtypes. Nonetheless, the ACE-III is still a reliable tool for clinicians that can assist in making a dementia diagnosis in combination with other factors at assessment.
Retrospective Experiences of First-Episode Psychosis Treatment Under Open Dialogue-Based Services: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bergström Tomi , Seikkula Jaakko , Holma Juha , Köngäs-Saviaro Päivi , Taskila Jyri J. , Alakare Birgitta 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOpen Dialogue (OD) is an integrated approach to mental health care, which has demonstrated promising outcomes in the treatment of first-episode psychosis (FEP) in Finnish Western Lapland region. However, little is known how treatment under OD is retrospectively experienced by the service users themselves. To address this, twenty participants from the original Western Lapland research cohort diagnosed with psychosis (F20–F29) were asked about their treatment of FEP, initiated under OD 10–23 years previously. Thematic analysis was used to explore how the treatment was experienced. Most participants viewed network treatment meetings as an important part of their treatment, as they enabled interactions with other people and the chance to go through difficult experiences. A minority of the participants had mixed experiences regarding family involvement and immediate home visits. OD may have the potential to promote therapeutic relationships, but replications from other catchment areas are needed.
ZIPLAS: Zooplankton Index for Polish Lakes’ Assessment: a new method to assess the ecological status of stratified lakes
Authors: Ochocka Agnieszka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractZooplankton is widely recognized as a key component of pelagic ecosystems and forms the basis for major trophic webs. Although zooplankton has often been used as an indicator of trophic state, it has not been included as an obligatory element of the water assessment systems compliant with the Water Framework Directive. This article introduces the Zooplankton Index for Polish Lakes’ Assessment (ZIPLAS) as a new method to assess the ecological status of stratified lakes based on the zooplankton community. The ZIPLAS evaluates three aspects of zooplankton communities, namely, taxonomic composition and abundance, diversity of the zooplankton community, and stressor-sensitive species, which are combined into a multimetric index. Following are the metrics used to compose multimetric ZIPLAS: percentage share of the Rotifer species indicative of high trophy in the indicative group’s number (IHTROT; %), ratio of Calanoida to Cyclopoida individual numbers (CA/CY), percentage of tecta form in the population of Keratella cochlearis (TECTA; %), Margalef’s index (d), and zooplankton abundance (NZOL; ind./L). ZIPLAS responds clearly to eutrophication indicators—the strongest with Secchi disc visibility (Spearman’s rank correlation R = 0.86) and slightly weaker with the expressed by total phosphorus (R = -0.74), total nitrogen (R = 0.68) and the catchment pressure expressed by the nutrient loads generated by different types of land use (R = -0.58).
Distinguishing Disadvantage from Ill-Being in the Capability Approach
Authors: Östlund Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCentral capabilitarian theories of well-being focus exclusively on actual opportunities to attain states of being and doing that people have reason to value. Consequently, these theories characterise ill-being and disadvantage as deprivations of such opportunities and attainments. However, some well-being aspects are inherently negative. They make up the difference between not being well and being unwell in that they constitute ill-being. While disadvantage can be plausibly captured by deprivations, ill-being cannot be fully captured by them. I support this claim by analysing cases involving inherently negative aspects of homelessness that are not mere deprivations of opportunities to attain beings and doings that people have reason to value. I conclude that ill-being is not only about what one cannot be and do, but also about one’s enduring, and opportunities to avoid, negative beings and doings. Theories and policies should reflect this to get things right, and to do right by people.
Pandemic-type failures in multivariate Brownian risk models
Authors: Dȩbicki Krzysztof , Hashorva Enkelejd , Kriukov Nikolai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModelling of multiple simultaneous failures in insurance, finance and other areas of applied probability is important especially from the point of view of pandemic-type events. A benchmark limiting model for the analysis of multiple failures is the classical d-dimensional Brownian risk model (Brm), see Delsing et al. (Methodol. Comput. Appl. Probab. 22(3), 927–948 2020). From both theoretical and practical point of view, of interest is the calculation of the probability of multiple simultaneous failures in a given time horizon. The main findings of this contribution concern the approximation of the probability that at least k out of d components of Brm fail simultaneously. We derive both sharp bounds and asymptotic approximations of the probability of interest for the finite and the infinite time horizon. Our results extend previous findings of Dȩbicki et al. (J. Appl. Probab. 57(2), 597–612 2020) and Dȩbicki et al. (Stoch. Proc. Appl. 128(12), 4171–4206 2018).
Abelian permutation groups with graphical representations
Authors: Grech Mariusz , Kisielewicz Andrzej 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper we characterize those automorphism groups of colored graphs and digraphs that are abelian as abstract groups. This is done in terms of basic permutation group properties. Using Schur’s classical terminology, what we provide is characterizations of the classes of 2-closed and $$2^*$$

2
∗

-closed abelian permutation groups. This is the first characterization concerning these classes since they were defined.
Metabolite patterns link diet, obesity, and type 2 diabetes in a Hispanic population
Authors: Parnell Laurence D. , Noel Sabrina E. , Bhupathiraju Shilpa N. , Smith Caren E. , Haslam Danielle E. , Zhang Xiyuang , Tucker Katherine L. , Ordovas Jose M. , Lai Chao-Qiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionObesity is a precursor of type 2 diabetes (T2D).ObjectivesOur aim was to identify metabolic signatures of T2D and dietary factors unique to obesity.MethodsWe examined a subsample of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS) population with a high prevalence of obesity and T2D at baseline (n = 806) and participants (without T2D at baseline) at 5-year follow-up (n = 412). We determined differences in metabolite profiles between T2D and non-T2D participants of the whole sample and according to abdominal obesity status. Enrichment analysis was performed to identify metabolic pathways that were over-represented by metabolites that differed between T2D and non-T2D participants. T2D-associated metabolites unique to obesity were examined for correlation with dietary food groups to understand metabolic links between dietary intake and T2D risk. False Discovery Rate method was used to correct for multiple testing.ResultsOf 526 targeted metabolites, 179 differed between T2D and non-T2D in the whole sample, 64 in non-obese participants and 120 unique to participants with abdominal obesity. Twenty-four of 120 metabolites were replicated and were associated with T2D incidence at 5-year follow-up. Enrichment analysis pointed to three metabolic pathways that were overrepresented in obesity-associated T2D: phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), long-chain fatty acids, and glutamate metabolism. Elevated intakes of three food groups, energy-dense takeout food, dairy intake and sugar-sweetened beverages, associated with 13 metabolites represented by the three pathways.ConclusionMetabolic signatures of lipid and glutamate metabolism link obesity to T2D, in parallel with increased intake of dairy and sugar-sweetened beverages, thereby providing insight into the relationship between dietary habits and T2D risk.
The Kinetics of Two-Step Ellagitannin Extraction from the By-products of Selected Processed Fruits of the family Rosaceae
Authors: Milczarek Agnieszka , Sójka Michał , Klewicki Robert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe paper presents the kinetics of two-step ellagitannin (ET) extraction with an aqueous acetone solution from two technological types of pomace from selected berry fruits of the Rosaceae family. ETs were identified and quantified using HPLC–MS and HPLC–DAD. The results revealed the extraction kinetics of total ETs, their high and low molecular weight fractions (≤ 1569 Da and > 1569 Da), and individual ETs characteristic of the examined fruits. ET extraction proceeded at a faster rate in the first step, regardless of the tested pomace. For all pomace variants, the mean extraction half time t1/2 was 48 min in the first step and 70 min in the second step. The fruit species and the technological type of pomace were not found to exert a definite effect on the kinetics of ET extraction. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the molecular weight of ETs did not influence the kinetics of their extraction, either. It was shown that the technological type of pomace had a significant impact on the extraction rate of both low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) ETs in the first extraction step, with the mean t1/2 being 44 min for pomace from juice production and 63 min for pomace from puree production.
Robustness of factor solutions in exploratory factor analysis
Authors: Goretzko David , Bühner Markus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractReplicability has become a highly discussed topic in psychological research. The debates focus mainly on significance testing and confirmatory analyses, whereas exploratory analyses such as exploratory factor analysis are more or less ignored, although hardly any analysis has a comparable impact on entire research areas. Determining the correct number of factors for this analysis is probably the most crucial, yet ambiguous decision—especially since factor structures have often been not replicable. Hence, an approach based on bootstrapping the factor retention process is proposed to evaluate the robustness of factor retention criteria against sampling error and to predict whether a particular factor solution may be replicable. We used three samples of the “Big Five Structure Inventory” and four samples of the “10 Item Big Five Inventory” to illustrate the relationship between stable factor solutions across bootstrap samples and their replicability. In addition, we compared four factor retention criteria and an information criterion in terms of their stability on the one hand and their replicability on the other. Based on this study, we want to encourage researchers to make use of bootstrapping to assess the stability of the factor retention criteria they use and to compare these criteria with regard to this stability as a proxy for possible replicability.