bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of negative mentoring experiences on mentor creativity: The roles of mentor ego depletion and traditionality
Authors: Hu Zhonghui , Li Jinsong , Kwan Ho Kwong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe literature often focuses on the positive effects of mentoring, especially for protégés. When mentoring experiences are negative, the assumption is that these negative effects are less detrimental to the mentor than to the protégé, owing to the mentor's greater relative power in the relationship. This study uses ego depletion theory to examine the link between negative mentoring experiences (as rated by protégés) and mentor creativity and focuses on the mediating and moderating roles of mentor ego depletion and mentor traditionality on this link. The results are based on data from 227 protégés, 187 mentors, and 187 supervisors of mentors in Chinese organizations. The findings support a mediating effect of ego depletion on the negative relationship between negative mentoring experiences and mentor creativity. In addition, the study finds that traditionality attenuates both the positive relationship between negative mentoring experiences and ego depletion and the indirect effect of negative mentoring experiences on mentors' creativity through ego depletion. The implications for management theory and practice are discussed.
Cord entanglement in a monochorionic‐monoamniotic twin pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Svelato Alessandro , Vergatti Margherita Cristina , Rinaldo Denise , Sergiampietri Claudia , De Luca Caterina , Ragusa Antonio 
Published: June 2021

SynopsisUltrasonography is very useful for the diagnosis of umbilical cord entanglements and for counseling with parents.
Cross‐polarization optical coherence tomographic assessment of in situ simulated erosive tooth wear
Authors: Romero Maria Jacinta Rosario H. , Bezerra Savio J. C. , Fried Daniel , Yang Vincent , Lippert Frank , Eckert George J. , Zero Domenick T. , Hara Anderson Takeo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis clinical study tested cross‐polarization optical coherence tomography (CP‐OCT) monitoring of erosive tooth wear (ETW). Twenty participants completed a 14‐day/arm, 3‐arm crossover study simulating different ETW severities. Participants received two enamel specimens (per arm) and were randomized to: severe (s‐ETW, lemon juice/pH:2.5/4.25%wt/vol citric acid), moderate (m‐ETW, grapefruit juice/pH:3.5/1.03%wt/vol citric acid), and non‐ETW (water). Enamel thickness was measured with CP‐OCT (day[D] 0, 7, 14) and micro‐computed tomography (μ‐CT; D14). Enamel surface loss was determined with CP‐OCT and optical profilometry (OP; D7, D14). CP‐OCT showed higher enamel surface loss for D14 than D7 for m‐ETW (P = .009) and s‐ETW (P = .040) and differentiated severity at D14 (s‐ETW > non‐ETW, P = .027). OP was able to differentiate surface loss between days (D7 < D14, P < .001) for m‐ETW and s‐ETW, and ETW severity effect after 7 and 14 days (non‐ETW < m‐ETW < s‐ETW, P < .001). At D14, CP‐OCT and μ‐CT were positively correlated (r = .87, ICC = .62). CP‐OCT showed potential as a tool for clinical ETW monitoring.
Calcifediol is superior to cholecalciferol in improving vitamin D status in postmenopausal women: a randomized trial
Authors: Pérez-Castrillón José Luis , Dueñas-Laita Antonio , Brandi Maria Luisa , Jódar Esteban , del Pino-Montes Javier , Quesada-Gómez José Manuel , Cereto Castro Fernando , Gómez-Alonso Carlos , Gallego López Laura , Olmos Martínez José Manuel , Alhambra Expósito María Rosa , Galarraga Bernat , González-Macías Jesús , Bouillon Roger , Hernández-Herrero Gonzalo , Fernández-Hernando Nieves , Arranz-Gutiérrez Paula , Chinchilla Sandra P. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Vitamin D has shown to play a role in multiple diseases due to its skeletal and extraskeletal actions. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency has become a worldwide health issue. Few supplementation guidelines mention calcifediol treatment, despite being the direct precursor of calcitriol and the biomarker of vitamin D status. This 1-year, phase III–IV, double-blind, randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial assessed the efficacy and safety of calcifediol 0.266 mg soft capsules in vitamin D–deficient postmenopausal women, compared to cholecalciferol. Results reported here are from a prespecified interim analysis, for the evaluation of the study's primary endpoint: the percentage of patients with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels above 30 ng/ml after 4 months. A total of 303 patients were enrolled, of whom 298 were included in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. Patients with baseline levels of serum 25(OH)D &lt;20 ng/ml were randomized 1:1:1 to calcifediol 0.266 mg/month for 12 months, calcifediol 0.266 mg/month for 4 months followed by placebo for 8 months, and cholecalciferol 25,000 IU/month for 12 months. At month 4, 35.0% of postmenopausal women treated with calcifediol and 8.2% of those treated with cholecalciferol reached serum 25(OH)D levels above 30 ng/ml (p &lt; 0.0001). The most remarkable difference between both drugs in terms of mean change in serum 25(OH)D levels was observed after the first month of treatment (mean ± standard deviation change = 9.7 ± 6.7 and 5.1 ± 3.5 ng/ml in patients treated with calcifediol and cholecalciferol, respectively). No relevant treatment-related safety issues were reported in any of the groups studied. These results thus confirm that calcifediol is effective, faster, and more potent than cholecalciferol in raising serum 25(OH)D levels and is a valuable option for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Multimolecular complexes of the phosphodiester anion with Zn(II) or Mg(II) and water molecules—Preliminary validations of a polarizable potential by ab initio quantum chemistry
Authors: Gresh Nohad , Perahia David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDimethyl phosphate (DMP−) is a model for the phosphodiester backbone of DNA, RNA, and phospholipids. It is central for the binding of divalent cations and water along the backbone of nucleic acids. Significant polarization and charge‐transfer contributions and nonadditivity come into play in the multimolecular complexes organized around phosphate. Prior to large‐scale molecular dynamics (MD) with advanced polarizable potentials, it is essential to evaluate how well the values and trends of intermolecular interaction energies (ΔE) from ab initio quantum chemistry (QC) and their individual contributions are reproduced in a diversity of such complexes. These differ by the starting binding modes of a divalent cation, Zn(II), namely direct, bi‐ or mono‐dentate to anionic and/or ester oxygens, versus through‐water binding. We present first the results from automated refinements of the individual contributions of the SIBFA potential with respect to their QC counterparts using a Zn(II) or a water probe. This is followed by validations on eight relaxed multimolecular complexes of DMP− with Zn(II) or Mg(II) and seven waters, then on sixteen complexes of DMP− with Zn(II) and eight waters in arrangements extracted from MD or energy‐minimization on a droplet of sixty‐four waters. This monitors the compared evolutions of SIBFA and QC ΔE and their individual contributions in the competing arrangements. Some waters, bridging Zn(II) and DMP−, were found to have exceptionally large dipole moments, of up to 3.8 Debye. The perspectives of extension to a flexible phosphodiester backbone are discussed in the context of the SIBFA potential for DNA and RNA.
Transplantation of reprogrammed peripheral blood cells differentiates into retinal ganglion cells in the mouse eye with NMDA‐induced injury
Authors: Zhou Xuezhi , Rui Yuhua , Peng Jingjie , Wang Yujue , He Ye , Wang Chao , Peng Manjuan , Zhang Xuan , Xia Xiaobo , Song Weitao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe generation of patient‐specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds significant implications for replacement therapy in treating optic neuropathies such as glaucoma. Stem‐cell‐based therapy targeted at replacing and replenishing retinal ganglion cells is progressing at a fast pace. However, clinical application necessitates an efficient and robust approach for cell manufacturing. Here, we examine whether the embryo body derived from human peripheral blood‐derived iPSC can localize into the host retina and differentiate into retinal ganglion cells after transplantation into a glaucoma injury model. Human peripheral blood T cells were isolated and reprogrammed into an induced pluripotent stem cell (TiPSC) line using Sendai virus transduction carrying transcription factors Sox2, Klf4, c‐Myc, and Oct4. TiPSCs were differentiated into RGC using neural basal culture. For in vivo studies, embryo bodies derived from TiPSCs (TiPSC‐EB) were injected into the vitreous cavity of N‐Methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA)‐treated mice 2 weeks before sacrifice and retinal dissection. Induced pluripotent stem cells generated from human peripheral blood T cells display stem cell morphology and pluripotency markers. Furthermore, RGC‐like cells differentiated from TiPSC exhibit extending axons and RGC marker TUJ1. When transplanted intravitreally into NMDA‐treated mice, embryo bodies derived from TiPSC survived, migrated, and incorporated into the retina's GCL layer. In addition, TiPSC‐EB transplants were able to differentiate into TUJ1 positive RGC‐like cells. Retinal ganglion cells can be differentiated using human peripheral blood cells derived iPSC. Transplantation of embryo body derived from TiPSCs into a glaucoma mouse model could incorporate into host GCL and differentiate into RGC‐like cells.
Four weeks of electromyostimulation improves muscle function and strength in sarcopenic patients: a three‐arm parallel randomized trial
Authors: Teschler Marc , Heimer Melina , Schmitz Boris , Kemmler Wolfgang , Mooren Frank C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia, defined as loss of muscle mass, quality, and function, is associated with reduced quality of life and adverse health outcomes including disability and mortality. Electromyostimulation (EMS) has been suggested to attenuate the loss of muscle mass and function in elderly, sedentary individuals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of EMS on muscle strength and function during 4 weeks of inpatient medical rehabilitation.MethodsPatients receiving 4 weeks of inpatient medical rehabilitation diagnosed with sarcopenia using bioimpedance analysis were eligible to participate. One hundred and thirty‐four patients (55.7 ± 7.9 years, 25.4% female) were randomly assigned to three groups: whole‐body (WB) EMS (n = 48): stimulation of major muscle groups (pectoral muscles, latissimus, trapezius, abdominals, upper arm and leg, lower back muscles, gluteal muscles, and thighs); part‐body (PB) EMS (n = 42): stimulation of leg muscles including gluteal muscles and thighs; and control group (CG, n = 44). All participants performed six 20 min training sessions including dynamic movements (squats, lunges, biceps curl, chest press, butterfly reverse, reverse lunges, standing diagonal crunches, etc.) with superimposed (WB‐, PB‐) EMS or without EMS (CG) in addition to the standard rehabilitation programme. Primary outcome variables included muscle function assessed by chair rise test and 6 min walking test as well as muscle strength (isometric grip strength, leg, arm, and back extension).ResultsPrimary outcome variables chair rise test and leg extension improved significantly (P = 0.001, η2 = 0.06 and P = 0.008, η2 = 0.06; EMS vs. CG) in that chair rise test results increased in WB‐EMS from 5 (4; 7) to 7 (5; 9), in PB‐EMS from 5 (5; 7) to 7 (6; 8), and in CG from 6 (4; 7) to 7 (5; 8) repetitions. Knee extension increased in WB‐EMS from 692.3 ± 248.6 to 831.7 ± 298.7 N, in PB‐EMS from 682.8 ± 257.8 to 790.2 ± 270.2 N, and in CG from 638.5 ± 236.9 to 703.2 ± 218.6 N. No adverse events or side effects occurred.ConclusionsWe conclude that EMS might be an additional training option to improve muscle function and strength in sarcopenic patients during a 4 week rehabilitation programme. EMS provides greater functional and strength improvements compared with standard treatment with additional potential health benefits for sarcopenic cardiac and orthopaedic patients.
Surface evaluations of a nanocomposite after different finishing and polishing systems for anterior and posterior restorations
Authors: Monterubbianesi Riccardo , Tosco Vincenzo , Orilisi Giulia , Grandini Simone , Orsini Giovanna , Putignano Angelo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the effects of different finishing and polishing (F/P) systems on gloss and surface morphology of a new nanocomposite. Thirty discs of Filtek Universal Restorative material (3 M, ESPE) were prepared and divided into six groups (n = 5). Group A and B followed F/P protocols for anterior restorations, whereas Group C and D for posterior ones. Group E represented the control (covered by Mylar strip) and Group F represented the nanocomposite placement by means of clinical hand instruments; Groups E and F did not undergo F/P procedures. Among the polished groups, Group B showed the highest values (68.54 ± 7.54 GU), followed by Group A and D (46.87 ± 5.52 GU; 53.76 ± 2.65 GU). Finally, Group C (37.38 ± 4.93 GU) displayed the lowest results. Overall, Group E showed the highest gloss values (93.45 ± 8.27 GU), while Group F presented the lowest ones (1.74 ± 0.64 GU). Surface analysis revealed that Group A, C, and D displayed a smooth surface. Group B showed the lowest irregularities. Group E exhibited the most uniform superficial morphology. On the other hand, Group F displayed the most irregular one. In conclusion, using the tested material, only two protocols achieved appropriate gloss values. Then, clinicians might use the protocols of Group B and Group D, for anterior and posterior restorations, respectively.
Acceleration of differentiated service delivery for HIV treatment in sub‐Saharan Africa during COVID‐19
Authors: Grimsrud Anna , Wilkinson Lynne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn response to COVID‐19, national ministries of health adapted HIV service delivery guidelines to ensure uninterrupted access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and limit the frequency of contact with health facilities. In this commentary, we summarize four ways in which differentiated service delivery (DSD) for HIV treatment has been accelerated during COVID‐19 in policy and implementation in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) – (i) expanding eligibility for DSD for HIV treatment, (ii) extending multi‐month dispensing (MMD) and reducing the frequency of clinical consultations, (iii) emphasizing community‐based models and (iv) integrating/aligning with TB preventative therapy (TPT), non‐communicable disease (NCD) treatments and family planning commodities.DiscussionAcross SSA in 2020, countries both adapted and emphasized policies supporting DSD for HIV treatment in response to COVID‐19. Access to DSD for HIV treatment was expanded by reducing the time required on ART before eligibility and being more inclusive of specific populations including children and adolescents, pregnant and breastfeeding women and those on second‐ and third‐line regimens. Access to extended ART refills, or MMD, was accelerated across many countries. A renewed focus was given to out‐of‐facility community‐based models of ART distribution. In some settings, there was acknowledgement of the need to integrate or align other chronic medications with ART.ConclusionsAdaptations to DSD for HIV treatment in response to COVID‐19 have resulted in rapid policy change and in some cases, acceleration of implementation in SSA. As the COVID‐19 pandemic evolves, there is a critical need to assess the impact of these adaptations and, where beneficial, ensure that policies implemented in response to COVID‐19 become the new normal.
Differences in tornado activities and key tornadic environments between China and the United States
Authors: Zhou Ruilin , Meng Zhiyong , Bai Lanqiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe yearly tornado occurrence in China is approximately 5–10% of that in the United States, and the peak month of tornado occurrence in China is July, while that in the United States is May. However, the two countries have nearly the same land area and similar latitudinal location. This study attempts to disclose the differences in the key tornadic environments that are most possibly responsible for the large discrepancy of tornado occurrences observed between the two countries. The region with the highest tornado density in China (JS) is compared with three similarly sized regions in the United States, including two tornado‐prone regions (UC and USE1) and one region similar to JS (USE2). The results show that JS has a much lower tornado frequency than UC and USE1, mainly due to JS's much lower likelihood of multiple tornadoes occurring in a short period during its tornado season. Compared with UC and USE1, JS features relatively low mean values of the significant tornado parameter (STP) during their respective tornado seasons. The STP, incorporating several tornado‐related variables, was found to show a monotonic relationship with the total tornado count at a seasonal scale and perform well to explain monthly variations in tornado frequencies. Compared with the target regions in the United States, JS has a similar magnitude and decreasing trend of the 0–6‐km vertical wind shear from spring to summer, but a later increase in instability. Resulting from a balance between the decreasing vertical shear and the increasing thermodynamic instability, JS features a delayed monthly peak of STP and thus a delayed tornado season, which makes JS having a worse kinematic environment for tornadogenesis with far lower low‐level vertical wind shear during its tornado season than that of the United States.
Towards a theory of informal supply networks: An exploratory case study of the Za'atari refugee camp
Authors: Abushaikha Ismail , Wu Zhaohui , Khoury Theodore A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStudies of humanitarian supply chain operations contribute to efficient system designs for the delivery of goods and services to disaster‐ and conflict‐stricken regions. However, our understanding of what happens to these relief goods and services after they are delivered is quite limited. Using a case study of the Za'atari refugee camp in Jordan, we develop a theory of informal supply networks, whereby we uncover how refugee‐led, informal supply networks emerge in the camp. We find that these supply networks are an aggregate of predominantly illicit—yet legitimate—channels and social relationships that support the economic exchange of goods and services between distinct actors or actor groups. We not only identify the cultural conventions and behavioral codes that govern ties between refugees—and between refugees and relief‐related actors—but also define how these networks are configured. Considering these findings, we contend that the informal economic activities emanating from the refugee camp benefit the host community and enhance the resilience of the informal supply networks. As informal economic activities also improve the quality of life in the camp, camp authorities and host country governments should attend to informal activities as they create rules and policies for refugee resettlement.
Underrepresented Women Leaders: Lasting Impact of Gender Homophily in Surgical Faculty Networks
Authors: Suurna Maria V. , Leibbrandt Andreas 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveDespite the increase of women in surgical fields and resources toward advancing women, there is no corresponding increased representation of women in higher academic ranks and leadership. The following hypotheses are explored: 1) men and women build/maintain different relationship networks and 2) women are not similarly included within the organization and do not receive the same sponsorship as male counterparts.Study DesignProspective observational study.MethodsThree months of prospective, passive organizational network data of full‐time faculty at an academic medical center were collected by analysis of deidentified internal email communication logs. Data were analyzed and strength of network relationships was assessed using algorithms measuring the tie, or connection, score. Data analysis was performed with standard statistical methods and multivariable regression models, comparing network relationships based on gender and academic rank.ResultsAmong 345 full‐time faculties from surgical departments, 45.2% were female Assistant Professors, but only 9.8% were female full Professors. Men had 55% more network relationships with other men than women had with men. Gender homophily was particularly pronounced at the higher academic ranks. Men compared to women in higher ranks had 157% more network relationships to other men in lower ranks. Multivariable regression models suggested direct association of these gender differences in relationships with more women in lower academic ranks.ConclusionHigher academic rank can be predicted by male gender, tenure, and number of meaningful relationships. Women are underrepresented at the leadership level in surgical departments. Gender homophily is present in collaboration networks among academic surgeons and is associated with impeded female career advancement.Level of Evidence2Laryngoscope, 132:20–25, 2022
Evaluation of the effect of high protein supply on diaphragm atrophy in critically ill patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhou Jing , Zhu Dongmei , Zhou Suming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundOur aim was to evaluate the effect of high protein to the target of 2.0 g/kg/d on diaphragm atrophy and clinical prognosis of patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV).MethodsThis prospective, randomized, controlled, single‐center study included 41 patients who were treated with ≥7 days’ MV. The patients were randomly divided into a standard nutrition treatment (SNT) group and intensive nutrition treatment (INT) group, followed by evaluation of computer tomography–analyzed diaphragm volume, the level of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) as a muscle mass indicator, and respiratory mechanics indices weekly to observe and compare the differences between the groups.ResultsIn the INT group, the actual protein (1.70 ± 0.21 vs 1.06 ± 0.21 g/kg/d, P < .001) and calorie intake (33.46 ± 2.78 vs 25.75 ± 4.81 kcal/kg/d, P < .001) were significantly different from those of the SNT group. Compared with the SNT group, the INT group's diaphragm atrophy improved in the fourth and fifth weeks (all P < .05). The BChE after the third week was higher (all P < .05). No significant differences in respiratory mechanical indices and clinical outcomes were found in the surviving patients between the groups.ConclusionINT improved the diaphragm atrophy and muscle mass of critically ill patients receiving prolonged MV. There was no evidence that increasing protein to the target amount of 2.0 g/kg/d is related to improvement in clinical prognosis for patients receiving prolonged MV.
Performing nutrition assessment remotely via telehealth
Authors: Mauldin Kasuen , Gieng John , Saarony Dania , Hu Catherine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPerforming nutrition assessment remotely via telehealth is a topic of significant interest given the global pandemic in 2020 that has necessitated physical distancing and virtual communications. This review presents an evidence‐based approach to conducting nutrition assessments remotely. The authors present suggestions for adaptations that can be used to perform a remote nutrition‐focused physical exam. Direct‐to‐consumer technologies that can be used in remote nutrition assessment are discussed and compared. Practice tips for conducting a telehealth visit are also presented. The aim of this publication is to provide interdisciplinary clinicians a set of guidelines and best practices for performing nutrition assessments in the era of telehealth.