bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Digital Reading With On‐Screen Distractions: An Eye‐Tracking Study
Authors: Ronconi Angelica , Mason Lucia , Manzione Lucia , Schüler Anne 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDuring digital reading on internet‐connected devices, students may be exposed to a variety of on‐screen distractions. Learning by reading can therefore become a fragmented experience with potentially negative consequences for reading processes and outcomes.ObjectivesThis study investigated the effects of on‐screen distractions, as advertisements and social media notifications, during reading on text processing, perception of cognitive load and text comprehension.MethodsUniversity students (N = 54) participated in a within‐participant design. They read two digital science expository texts, one with and the other without distractions. Participants' eye movements were recorded during reading. Process variables were the first‐pass fixation time on text areas and the fixation time on distractions. Working memory was taken into account as possible moderator of outcome variables, while controlling for prior knowledge and text topic.ResultsParticipants spent very short time fixating the distractions. From linear mixed models the main effect of distractions did not emerge for the immediate text processing. Perception of cognitive load and text comprehension were not affected by distractions either. Among individual differences, prior knowledge contributed to text comprehension. Text topic contributed to the perception of cognitive load.TakeawaysThe study suggests that simple, static and very usual on‐screen distractions during reading do not seem particularly harmful for university students' processing and comprehension of expository texts. Findings indicate the importance of students' top‐down attentional control over on‐screen distractions not to impair their own comprehension of complex content.
Translation, Cross‐Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale for the Italian Paediatric Population
Authors: Pizza Francesca , Tofani Marco , Biondo Giorgia , Giordani Carolina , Murgioni Cristiana , Raponi Massimiliano , Della Bella Gessica , Cerchiari Antonella 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundChewing is a fundamental motor activity, but there is no specific assessment tool in Italian for paediatric rehabilitation. The Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale (KCPS) is a performance‐based assessment tool that allow to classify chewing performance in childhood.ObjectiveTo translate, culturally adapt and assess reliability, criterion validity and cross‐cultural validity of the KCPS into Italian in a paediatric population.MethodsFollowing international guidelines, the KCPS was translated and culturally adapted into Italian. Inter‐rater reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the criterion validity using the Pearson correlation coefficient comparing KCPS score with the Paediatric Screening‐Priority Evaluation Dysphagia (PS‐PED), and cross‐cultural validity was examined across diagnostic groups.ResultsThe study included 165 children with a mean age of 6.33 with different health conditions, namely autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy and genetic syndromes. The analysis revealed that KCPS was reliable measure with a ICC 0.93, and a moderate positive linear correlation with the PS‐PED (Pearson 0.48) was found. In each diagnostic group, chewing performance disorders were found, highlighting specific characteristics.ConclusionsDespite limited sample in reliability analysis and the need of exploring the relationship with chewing abilities and severity of diseases, the KCPS was found a reliable and valid tool for determining the level of chewing performance in paediatric population. Now Italian clinicians can use it with more confidence in their clinical practice and research.
Esthetic and Functional Rehabilitation: Retreatment of Anterior Fixed Dental Prothesis With Biologically Oriented Preparation Technique and Digital Workflow
Authors: Morón‐Conejo Belén , Gil Alfonso , Bonfanti‐Gris Mónica , Salido Maria Paz , Martínez‐Rus Francisco 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis clinical case describes a multidisciplinary retreatment of a patient with anterior fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) using minimally invasive restorations and a biologically oriented preparation technique (BOPT).Clinical ConsiderationsA 56‐year‐old female patient, treated 30 years ago with a metal‐ceramic FDP due to dental agenesis, presented a misfit prosthesis at the gingival margin, black spaces, and food retention at the pontics. Notably, tooth number 2.6 was absent, and she exhibited a left crossbite. Her chief complaint was the compromised esthetics of her restorations. Given her coagulation disorder, von Willebrand disease, she declined mucogingival surgery. A diagnostic wax‐up and mock‐up was performed to establish treatment goals. The initial phase involved periodontal, orthodontic, and implant treatment. The orthodontic treatment with aligners to correct the crossbite. Subsequently, bleaching and a second mock‐up were conducted to guide prosthetic treatment. In the prosthodontic treatment, the abutment teeth were prepared using a vertical BOPT to remodel the gingival tissues, achieving the esthetic goal of repositioning the gingival margin without surgery. The provisional phase was critical for soft tissue remodeling and ensured clinical success. After stabilization of the soft tissues, a monolithic zirconia FDP was delivered, with a follow‐up of 2 years.ConclusionsA multidisciplinary treatment plan, utilizing a digital workflow, resulted in stable clinical and esthetic outcomes at the two‐year follow‐up, effectively retreating an anterior bridge using BOPT in a patient with a coagulation disorder that contraindicated complex surgical interventions.
FGF20 Secreted From Dermal Papilla Cells Regulate the Proliferation and Differentiation of Hair Follicle Stem Cells in Fine‐Wool Sheep
Authors: Song Yali , Li Yuhang , Lu Zengkui , Yue Lin , Xiao Tong , Yang Bohui , Liu Jianbin , Yuan Chao , Guo Tingting 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWool traits determine the market value of fine‐wool sheep, and wool fibre‐breaking elongation (fibres can be stretched or elongated before they break) is one of the important wool traits. The interaction between hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and dermal papilla cells (DPCs) determines hair follicle development in fine wool sheep, thereby directly influencing wool traits. A genome‐wide association study based on pre‐sequencing data identified FGF20, which was significantly associated with wool fibre‐breaking elongation. The study reveals that the regulatory mechanism of FGF20 secreted from DPCs affects the proliferation and differentiation of HFSCs through a co‐culture system, to provide a new perspective for fine‐wool sheep breeding. After knocking down FGF20 expression in DPCs, the results showed that the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) in DPCs and HFSCs was significantly decreased (p < 0.05), the number of EdU‐positive cells and cell viability was significantly decreased (p < 0.01), and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the differentiation markers of SOX9, NOTCH1 and β‐Catenin in HFSCs were also significantly reduced (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that FGF20‐knockdown in DPCs of fine‐wool sheep inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of HFSCs in the co‐culture system, providing a theoretical basis for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of hair follicle self‐renewal and differentiation of fine‐wool sheep and providing a co‐culture system for regenerative medicine.
Multistage aqueous alteration in CeC 022 and other nakhlites
Authors: Krämer Ruggiu L. , Devouard B. , Gattacceca J. , Bonal L. , Piani L. , Leroux H. , Grauby O. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe studied Caleta el Cobre 022, a nakhlite showing a high abundance of aqueous alteration products, commonly called “iddingsite” and compared it to eight other nakhlites, in order to constrain the composition and the history of the aqueous alteration of nakhlites. Olivine grains in nakhlites display planes of secondary fluid inclusions, composed of pyroxene, magnetite, and a void potentially filled by a fluid. They were formed by a first fluid alteration event, previous to the iddingsite alteration event, probably from a late magmatic fluid circulation. We observed magnetite–pyroxene symplectites in olivine grains in most nakhlites, related to the same fluid‐assisted tardi‐magmatic event as the crystallization of the secondary inclusion planes. Those secondary inclusions and symplectites can be observed at the center of iddingsite veins, inside the most altered nakhlites, and are thus interpreted as being weakness planes, easing the circulation of the fluid forming the iddingsite inside the olivine grains. In every nakhlite, the alteration veins show at least two types of iddingsite: a coarse iddingsite with crystals around 50 nm, up to 200 nm, and a fine iddingsite with a nanocrystalline to amorphous texture with crystalline domains <10 nm. Both iddingsite types are composed mainly of Si, Mg, and Fe, with anticorrelated Si and Fe contents. The coarse iddingsite is composed of a mixture of phyllosilicates, with Fe‐oxyhydroxides and minor siderite, and the fine iddingsite has a composition close to saponite. Organic matter located in coarse iddingsite is detected by Raman spectroscopy in the iddingsite of many nakhlites and was confirmed by the TEM study of NWA 10153. In addition, the TEM study of NWA 10153 displays complex chemical zoning in the fine iddingsite of Mg, Ca, Mn, S, P, and Al, suggesting at least two stages of circulations. Both the compositions and textures of the two types of iddingsite are suggestive of a progressive evolution of the alteration fluid, enriched in elements from basaltic mineral dissolution, with crystallization mainly by filling of existing fractures, and selective dissolution of host olivine. We also observe pyrrhotite–magnetite veinlets at the center of iddingsite veins and cross‐cutting iddingsite veins and silicates, which are interpreted as the result of another later fluid circulation.
“I'm in the Care Orbit”: Unveiling the Enabling Context of the HIV Care Continuum in People Living With HIV
Authors: Kim Gwang Suk , Shim Mi‐So , Jin Juhye , Lee Youngjin , Lee SangA 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to explore the enabling context of the HIV care continuum as perceived by people living with HIV and healthcare professionals. This qualitative study involved in‐depth individual interviews with eight people living with HIV and group interviews with seven nurses and physicians. These interviews took place between March 5, 2021, and July 13, 2022. Thematic analysis was conducted. The main themes that emerged included “network of support and systems,” “personal gains from the care continuum,” “continuity and practicality of healthcare services,” “presence of significant other(s),” and “social belonging.” These themes were structured within the five levels of the socio‐ecological model (system, individual, organizational, interpersonal, and community levels), and 10 subthemes were identified. With the integration of themes, the enabling context was compared to a “care orbit,” indicating that people diagnosed with HIV start treatment at the system level and continue HIV care at other levels. In addition to primary support at the system level, the enabling context also includes individual commitment to care and regular health habits, hospital services, support from significant others, and community culture. Together, the context helps guide people living with HIV into the “orbit” of the care system.
Transcriptional Reprogramming and Allelic Variation in Pleiotropic QTL Regulates Days to Flowering and Growth Habit in Pigeonpea
Authors: Kumar Kuldeep , Durgesh Kumar , Anjoy Priyanka , Srivastava Harsha , Tribhuvan Kishor U. , Sevanthi Amitha Mithra , Singh Anupam , Prabha Ratna , Sharma Sandhya , Joshi Rekha , Jain Pradeep Kumar , Singh Nagendra Kumar , Gaikwad Kishor 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the linkage between days to flowering (DTF) and growth habit (GH) in pigeonpea using QTL mapping, QTL‐seq, and GWAS approaches. The linkage map developed here is the largest to date, spanning 1825.56 cM with 7987 SNP markers. In total, eight and four QTLs were mapped for DTF and GH, respectively, harbouring 78 pigeonpea orthologs of Arabidopsis flowering time genes. Corroboratively, QTL‐seq analysis identified a single linked QTL for both traits on chromosome 3, possessing 15 genes bearing genic variants. Together, these 91 genes were clustered primarily into autonomous, photoperiod, and epigenetic pathways. Further, we identified 39 associations for DTF and 111 associations for GH through GWAS in the QTL regions. Of these, nine associations were consistent and constituted nine haplotypes (five late, two early, one each for super‐early and medium duration). The involvement of multiple genes explained the range of allelic effects and the presence of multiple LD blocks. Further, the linked QTL on chromosome 3 was fine‐mapped to the 0.24‐Mb region with an LOD score of 8.56, explaining 36.47% of the phenotypic variance. We identified a 10‐bp deletion in the first exon of TFL1 gene of the ICPL 20338 variety, which may affect its interaction with the Apetala1 and Leafy genes, resulting in determinate GH and early flowering. Further, the genic marker developed for the deletion in the TFL1 gene could be utilized as a foreground marker in marker‐assisted breeding programmes to develop early‐flowering pigeonpea varieties.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Poststroke Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ma Yuxia , Yang Yifang , Wang Xinyu , Huang Yanan , Nan Jinhan , Feng Juanjuan , Yan Fanghong , Han Lin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundStroke is a common disease that poses a significant threat to human health. Approximately one‐third of stroke patients experience poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), which severely impacts their quality of life and survival time. Although the prevalence and risk factors for PSCI have been widely reported, these results have not been synthesized.ObjectivesThis systematic review was conducted to explore the prevalence and risk factors of PSCI.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were comprehensively searched for studies exploring the prevalence and risk factors of PSCI from inception to July 5, 2022.ResultsA total of 49 articles were included for meta‐analysis. It was found that the combined prevalence of PSCI was 39%–47%. Risk factors for PSCI include female gender, age, education level less than 7 years, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, smoking, drinking, hypertension, coronary artery disease, carotid artery plaque, admission NIHSS score ≥ 5, unemployment, and homocysteine.ConclusionsThis systematic review has revealed a combined prevalence of PSCI is ranging from 39% to 47% and identified several risk factors for PSCI. These findings indicate a high incidence of the condition and underscore the need for increased public awareness. Future investigations should prioritize the identification of PSCI risk factors, providing a theoretical basis for nursing professionals to effectively manage and treat PSCI patients.
Roles of osteoclasts in pathological conditions
Authors: Kitazawa Sohei , Haraguchi Ryuma , Kitazawa Riko 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBone is a unique organ crucial for locomotion, mineral metabolism, and hematopoiesis. It maintains homeostasis through a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts, which is regulated by the basic multicellular unit (BMU). Abnormal bone metabolism arises from an imbalance in the BMU. Osteoclasts, derived from the monocyte‐macrophage lineage, are regulated by the RANKL‐RANK‐OPG system, which is a key factor in osteoclast differentiation. RANKL activates osteoclasts through its receptor RANK, while OPG acts as a decoy receptor that inhibits RANKL. In trabecular bone, high turnover involves rapid bone formation and resorption, influenced by conditions such as malignancy and inflammatory cytokines that increase RANKL expression. Cortical bone remodeling, regulated by aged osteocytes expressing RANKL, is less understood, despite ongoing research into how Rett syndrome, characterized by MeCP2 abnormalities, affects RANKL expression. Balancing trabecular and cortical bone involves mechanisms that preserve cortical bone, despite overall bone mass reduction due to aging or oxidative stress. Research into genes like sFRP4, which modulates bone mass, highlights the complex regulation by BMUs. The roles of the RANKL‐RANK‐OPG system extend beyond bone, affecting processes such as aortic valve formation and temperature regulation, which highlight the interconnected nature of biological research.
Population structure and pathogenicity tests of Pyricularia oryzae on wild and cultivated rice in Mali
Authors: Diagne Diariatou , Adreit Henri , Milazzo Joëlle , Koita Ousmane , Tharreau Didier 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBlast is a devastating disease of rice caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae. The role of infected straw and seed as sources of primary inoculum in blast disease epidemics is well known. The role of alternative hosts is yet to be confirmed. The current study sought to assess if wild rice is a major source of inoculum for cultivated rice by comparing the genetic structure of P. oryzae populations from both hosts. Two hundred and eighty‐two strains were genotyped with 12 simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Cross infectivity of 20 P. oryzae isolates was also assessed using pathogenicity tests. Samples were collected from cultivated and wild rice organs with blast symptoms in irrigated and lowland areas of Mali in Koulikoro, Sikasso and Ségou regions. Under controlled conditions, P. oryzae isolates from Oryza longistaminata wild rice were pathogenic to cultivated rice and had a similar range of cultivar compatibility to isolates from cultivated rice. Results of pathogenicity tests suggest that P. oryzae isolates from wild rice (O. longistaminata and Oryza barthii) have the potential to attack cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) in the field. However, populations of P. oryzae on cultivated and wild rice were genetically differentiated. A very large fraction (94.4%) of the multilocus genotypes identified were specific to one host species or the other. Thus, although physically close, each rice species hosts a different population of the pathogen, and our results support the hypothesis that wild rice is not a major source of blast inoculum for cultivated rice.
Determination of Fracture Parameters From Numerical Isochromatic Plots Using Multiparameter Approach
Authors: Ramaswamy Ganesh , Verma Naman , Ramesh K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFracture parameters such as stress intensity factors (SIFs) and T‐stress are fundamental metrics for analysing material failure. Of late, there has been increased use of both experimental and numerical methods in analysing and validating the solutions for complex problems. Both domains can benefit from exploring methods developed in either of them to effect meaningful comparisons and solve certain new problems. Consequently, developing alternative methods for evaluating SIFs from numerical models is desirable in fracture mechanics. In this paper, a novel method is developed that involves post‐processing numerical results to evaluate and plot (σ1–σ2) stress contours (isochromatics) towards fracture parameter evaluation. The isochromatic plots serve as a qualitative tool for assessing mode dominance, mode mixities and facilitate easy comparison with experiments to validate numerical modelling. Fracture parameters are determined by over‐deterministic least squares approach from the isochromatics plotted, based on photoelastic literature. The method is initially validated for standard cases by comparing the values obtained with handbook solutions which show a good match within 3.6% and are consistent with FE results. This is followed by application of the method to problems having interaction of crack‐tip with contact stress fields in the vicinity. Usually, finite element method facilitates direct evaluation of fracture parameters only for sharp cracks. The methodology developed is also shown to be useful to get SIFs for cracks having a finite root radius after validating the isochromatics from numerical models using photoelastic experiments.
RMCVI: A Refined Urban Vitality Perception Index Considering Mountain Characteristics
Authors: Zhou Lianjie , Zhao Zunya , He Qinglin , Du Jiakuan , Mu Fengyun , Ma Wei , Guan Dongjie , Zhang Xiang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWith the acceleration of mountain city urbanization in China, the emphasis on high‐speed development while neglecting high‐quality development has led to severe urban centralization and unreasonable spatial distribution. Urban Vitality (UV) can help identify and address these issues, help promoting sustainable development of cities. At present, research on the vitality of mountain cities is still limited. So, the study takes the main area of Chongqing as an example. Slope data is extracted as a parameter to propose an accurate UV indicator for mountain cities based on the characteristics of mountain cities. By analyzing the correlation between the general UV using POI and the proposed UV index, and comparing the results with population density and station density. It can be found that applying refined mountain UV index to three cities with different geographical features, Chongqing, Singapore, and Los Angeles, the research results show that its performance is significantly better than general UV index. Not only proposes an accurate refined mountain UV index, this study but also emphasizes the importance of rational urban development to enhance UV through empirical research on the main city of Chongqing. In addition, the study can provide a reference for the urban planning and development of other mountain cities, and provide new ideas and methods for understanding mountain city.
Associahedra as moment polytopes
Authors: Gekhtman Michael , Thomas Hugh 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGeneralized associahedra are a well‐studied family of polytopes associated with a finite‐type cluster algebra and a choice of starting cluster. We show that the generalized associahedra constructed by Padrol, Palu, Pilaud, and Plamondon, building on ideas from Arkani‐Hamed, Bai, He, and Yan, can be naturally viewed as moment polytopes for an open patch of the quotient of the cluster ‐variety with universal coefficients by its maximal natural torus action. We prove our result by showing that the construction of Padrol, Palu, Pilaud, and Plamondon can be understood on the basis of the way that moment polytopes behave under symplectic reduction.
Central limit theorem for smooth statistics of one‐dimensional free fermions
Authors: Deleporte Alix , Lambert Gaultier 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe consider the determinantal point processes associated with the spectral projectors of a Schrödinger operator on , with a smooth confining potential. In the semiclassical limit, where the number of particles tends to infinity, we obtain a Szegő‐type central limit theorem for the fluctuations of smooth linear statistics. More precisely, the Laplace transform of any statistic converges without renormalisation to a Gaussian limit with a ‐type variance, which depends on the potential. In the one‐well (one‐cut) case, using the quantum action‐angle theorem and additional micro‐local tools, we reduce the problem to the asymptotics of Fredholm determinants of certain approximately Toeplitz operators. In the multi‐cut case, we show that for generic potentials, a similar result holds and the contributions of the different wells are independent in the limit.