bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Electrode Optimization of Organic Anode Materials in Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Desai Aamod V. , Rainer Daniel N. , Pramanik Atin , Cabañero Joel M. , Morris Russell E. , Armstrong Anthony Robert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries are commanding increasing attention owing to their promising electrochemical performance and sustainability. Organic electrode materials (OEMs) complement such technologies as they can be sourced from biomass and recycling them is environmentally friendly. Organic anodes based on sodium carboxylates have exhibited immense potential, except the limitation of current synthesis methods concerning upscaling and energy costs. In this work, a rapid and energy efficient microwave‐assisted synthesis for organic anodes is presented using sodium naphthalene‐2,6‐dicarboxylate as a model compound. Optimizing the synthesis and electrode composition enables the compound to deliver a reversible initial capacity of ≈250 mAh g–1 at a current density of 25 mA g–1 with a high initial Coulombic efficiency (≈78%). The capacity is stable over 400 cycles and the compound also exhibits good rate performance. The successful demonstration of this rapid synthesis may facilitate the transition to preparing organic battery materials by scalable, efficient methods.
Potential of Recombinant Raw Starch‐Degrading Enzyme from Escherichia coli for Sugar Syrup and Bioethanol Productions Using Broken Rice Powder as Substrate
Authors: Lomthong Thanasak , Saelee Kittiphong , Trakarnpaiboon Srisakul , Siripornvisal Sirirat , Kitpreechavanich Vichien 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe recombinant raw starch‐degrading enzyme (LsA175) which harbors the lsa175 gene from Laceyella sacchari LP175 is optimized for expression in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant strain provides an alternative avenue for enzyme production in a stirrer fermenter with tolerance to shear force and avoids losing stability by protease existing in the native strain. The maximum enzyme production at 4472±112 U g−1 cell dry weight is obtained using the optimum conditions at 22 °C, 1.0 mM IPTG, and 24 h of induction temperature, Isopropyl β‐ d‐1‐thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) concentration, and induction time, respectively. The enzyme production of 4545 ± 89.8 U g−1 cell dry weight is obtained by batch fermentation in a 2.0 L stirrer fermenter and 5329 ± 86.1 U g−1 cell dry weight by continued glucose feeding with high bacterial cell concentration. The uncooked broken rice powder (200 g L−1) is hydrolyzed by crude recombinant LsA175 (300 U mL−1) at 50 °C for 12 h without the addition of exogenous glucoamylase (GA), yielding 86 ± 1.79 g L−1 reducing sugar. The bioethanol production resulting from modified simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with Kluyveromyces marxianus DMKU‐KS07 at 42 °C gave 71.4±4.35 g L−1 ethanol with 88.24% of theoretical ethanol yield. LsA175 presents engaging performances regarding sugar syrup and bioethanol production, which can diminish the cost of production and energy consumption.
LEF-1 Controls Cell Cycle Progression in Airway Basal Cells to Regulate Proliferation and Differentiation
Authors: Jensen-Cody Chandler W. , Crooke Adrianne K. , Rotti Pavana G. , Ievlev Vitaly , Shahin Weam , Park Soo-Yeun , Lynch Thomas J. , Engelhardt John F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe mammalian airways are lined by a continuous epithelial layer that is maintained by diverse populations of resident multipotent stem cells. These stem cells are responsible for replenishing the epithelium both at homeostasis and following injury, making them promising targets for stem cell and genetic-based therapies for a variety of respiratory diseases. However, the mechanisms that regulate when and how these stem cells proliferate, migrate, and differentiate remains incompletely understood. Here, we find that the high mobility group (HMG) domain transcription factor Lef-1 regulates proliferation and differentiation of mouse tracheal basal cells. We demonstrate that conditional deletion of Lef-1 stalls basal cell proliferation at the G1/S transition of the cell cycle, and that Lef-1 knockout cells are unable to maintain luminal tracheal cell types in long-term air-liquid interface culture. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that Lef-1 knockout (Lef-1KO) results in downregulation of key DNA damage response and cell cycle progression genes, including the kinase Chek1. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of Chek1 is sufficient to stall basal cell self-renewal in a similar fashion as Lef-1 deletion. Notably, the cell cycle block imposed by Lef-1KO in vitro is transient and basal cells eventually compensate to proliferate normally in a Chek1-independent manner. Finally, Lef-1KO cells were unable to fully regenerate tracheal epithelium following injury in vivo. These findings reveal that Lef-1 is essential for proper basal cell function. Thus, modulating Lef-1 function in airway basal cells may have applications in regenerative medicine.
Enteric mesenchymal cells support the growth of postnatal enteric neural stem cells
Authors: Stavely Rhian , Bhave Sukhada , Ho Wing Lam N. , Ahmed Minhal , Pan Weikang , Rahman Ahmed A. , Ulloa Jessica , Bousquet Nicole , Omer Meredith , Guyer Richard , Nagy Nandor , Goldstein Allan M. , Hotta Ryo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Interplay between embryonic enteric neural stem cells (ENSCs) and enteric mesenchymal cells (EMCs) in the embryonic gut is essential for normal development of the enteric nervous system. Disruption of these interactions underlies the pathogenesis of intestinal aganglionosis in Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). ENSC therapy has been proposed as a possible treatment for HSCR, but whether the survival and development of postnatal-derived ENSCs similarly rely on signals from the mesenchymal environment is unknown and has important implications for developing protocols to expand ENSCs for cell transplantation therapy. Enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCDCs) and EMCs were cultured from the small intestine of Wnt1-Rosa26-tdTomato mice. EMCs promoted the expansion of ENCDCs 9.5-fold by inducing ENSC properties, including expression of Nes, Sox10, Sox2, and Ngfr. EMCs enhanced the neurosphere-forming ability of ENCDCs, and this persisted after withdrawal of the EMCs. These effects were mediated by paracrine factors and several ligands known to support neural stem cells were identified in EMCs. Using the optimized expansion procedures, neurospheres were generated from small intestine of the Ednrb −/− mouse model of HSCR. These ENSCs had similar proliferative and migratory capacity to Ednrb +/+ ENSCs, albeit neurospheres contained fewer neurons. ENSCs derived from Ednrb −/− mice generated functional neurons with similar calcium responses to Ednrb +/+ ENSCs and survived after transplantation into the aganglionic colon of Ednrb −/− recipients. EMCs act as supporting cells to ENSCs postnatally via an array of synergistically acting paracrine signaling factors. These properties can be leveraged to expand autologous ENSCs from patients with HSCR mutations for therapeutic application.
Expression levels and activation status of Yap splicing isoforms determine self-renewal and differentiation potential of embryonic stem cells
Authors: Wang Xueyue , Ruan Yan , Zhang Junlei , Tian Yanping , Liu Lianlian , Wang JiaLi , Liu Gaoke , Cheng Yuda , Xu Yixiao , Yang Yi , Yu Meng , Zhao Binyu , Zhang Yue , Wang Jiaqi , Wang Jiangjun , Wu Wei , He Ping , Xiao Lan , Xiong Jiaxiang , Jian Rui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Yap is the key effector of Hippo signaling; however, its role in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remains controversial. Here, we identify two Yap splicing isoforms (Yap472 and Yap488), which show equal expression levels but heterogeneous distribution in ESCs. Knockout (KO) of both isoforms reduces ESC self-renewal, accelerates pluripotency exit, but arrests terminal differentiation, while overexpression of each isoform leads to the reverse phenotype. The effect of both Yap isoforms on self-renewal is Teads-dependent and mediated by c-Myc. Nonetheless, different isoforms are found to affect overlapping yet distinct genes, and confer different developmental potential to Yap-KO cells, with Yap472 exerting a more pronounced biological effect and being more essential for neuroectoderm differentiation. Constitutive activation of Yaps, particularly Yap472, dramatically upregulates p53 and Cdx2, inducing trophectoderm trans-differentiation even under self-renewal conditions. These findings reveal the combined roles of different Yap splicing isoforms and mechanisms in regulating self-renewal efficiency and differentiation potential of ESCs.
High-Mobility Group At-Hook 1 Mediates the Role of Nuclear Factor I/X in Osteogenic Differentiation Through Activating Canonical Wnt Signaling
Authors: Wu Xiaowen , Wang Xiaochen , Shan Liying , Zhou Jie , Zhang Xin , Zhu Endong , Yuan Hairui , Wang Baoli 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
It was previously reported that the loss of the transcription factor nuclear factor I/X (NFIX) gene in mice impaired endochondral ossification and mineralization in bone. However, the cellular and molecular basis for the defect remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated if and how NFIX regulates osteoblast differentiation. Nfix mRNA was induced during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of progenitor cells. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies revealed that NFIX induced osteoblast differentiation and impaired adipocyte formation from progenitor cells. RNA-seq and promoter analysis revealed that NFIX transcriptionally stimulated the expression of high-mobility group AT-Hook 1 (HMGA1). We then demonstrated that HMGA1 stimulated osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells at the expense of adipogenic differentiation. The effect of Nfix siRNA on the differentiation of progenitor cells could be attenuated when HMGA1 was simultaneously overexpressed. Further investigations revealed the stimulatory effect of NFIX and HMGA1 on canonical wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt) signaling. HMGA1 transcriptionally activates the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5. Finally, in vivo transfection of Nfix siRNA to the marrow of mice reduced osteoblasts and increased fat accumulation in the marrow, and inactivated HMGA1/β-catenin signaling in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. This study suggests that HMGA1 plays a role in osteoblast commitment and mediates the function of NFIX through transcriptionally activating canonical Wnt signaling.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell-Derived Functional Osteoblasts Exhibit Therapeutic Efficacy in a Murine Model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Kang In-Hong , Baliga Uday K. , Wu Yongren , Mehrotra Shikhar , Yao Hai , LaRue Amanda C. , Mehrotra Meenal 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Currently, there is no cure for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)—a debilitating pediatric skeletal dysplasia. Herein we show that hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) therapy holds promise in treating OI. Using single-cell HSC transplantation in lethally irradiated oim/oim mice, we demonstrate significant improvements in bone morphometric, mechanics, and turnover parameters. Importantly, we highlight that HSCs cause these improvements due to their unique property of differentiating into osteoblasts/osteocytes, depositing normal collagen—an attribute thus far assigned only to mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. To confirm HSC plasticity, lineage tracing was done by transplanting oim/oim with HSCs from two specific transgenic mice—VavR, in which all hematopoietic cells are GFP+ and pOBCol2.3GFP, where GFP is expressed only in osteoblasts/osteocytes. In both models, transplanted oim/oim mice demonstrated GFP+ HSC-derived osteoblasts/osteocytes in bones. These studies unequivocally establish that HSCs differentiate into osteoblasts/osteocytes, and HSC transplantation can provide a new translational approach for OI.
Two DNA Binding Domains of MGA Act in Combination to Suppress Ectopic Activation of Meiosis-Related Genes in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Uranishi Kousuke , Hirasaki Masataka , Kitamura Yuka , Mizuno Yosuke , Nishimoto Masazumi , Suzuki Ayumu , Okuda Akihiko 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Although the physiological meaning of the high potential of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for meiotic entry is not understood, a rigid safeguarding system is required to prevent ectopic onset of meiosis. PRC1.6, a non-canonical PRC1, is known for its suppression of precocious and ectopic meiotic onset in germ cells and ESCs, respectively. MGA, a scaffolding component of PRC1.6, bears two distinct DNA-binding domains termed bHLHZ and T-box. However, it is unclear how this feature contributes to the functions of PRC1.6. Here, we demonstrated that both domains repress distinct sets of genes in murine ESCs, but substantial numbers of meiosis-related genes are included in both gene sets. In addition, our data demonstrated that bHLHZ is crucially involved in repressing the expression of Meiosin, which plays essential roles in meiotic entry with Stra8, revealing at least part of the molecular mechanisms that link negative and positive regulation of meiotic onset.
Single-Cell Transcriptomic Sequencing Analyses of Cell Heterogeneity During Osteogenesis of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Qu Rongmei , He Kai , Fan Tingyu , Yang Yuchao , Mai Liyao , Lian Zhiwei , Zhou Zhitao , Peng Yan , Khan Asmat Ullah , Sun Bing , Huang Xiaolan , Ouyang Jun , Pan Xinghua , Dai Jingxing , Huang Wenhua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their multilineage differentiation potential with immune-modulatory properties. The molecular underpinnings of differentiation remain largely undefined. In this study, we investigated the cellular and molecular features of chemically induced osteogenesis from MSC isolated from human adipose tissue (human adipose MSCs, hAMSCs) using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). We found that a near complete differentiation of osteogenic clusters from hAMSCs under a directional induction. Both groups of cells are heterogeneous, and some of the hAMSCs cells are intrinsically prepared for osteogenesis, while variant OS clusters seems in cooperation with a due division of the general function. We identified a set of genes related to cell stress response highly expressed during the differentiation. We also characterized a series of transitional transcriptional waves throughout the process from hAMSCs to osteoblast and specified the unique gene networks and epigenetic status as key markers of osteogenesis.
Rotation and moment redistribution capacity of fiber‐reinforced concrete beams: Parametric analysis and code compliance
Authors: Nogales Alejandro , Tošić Nikola , de la Fuente Albert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFiber‐reinforced concrete (FRC) has been proved to be a competitive solution for structural purposes. Extensive research has highlighted the benefits of adding fibers on the post‐cracking strength, reduced crack spacing and crack width, and improved durability, among others. However, these aspects are related to serviceability limit states, and significant work remains to be done in terms of ultimate limit state behavior of FRC members. As recent publications have emphasized, reinforced concrete beams with low reinforcement ratios may result in a reduction of deformation capacity and, hence, to a loss of ductility. To further investigate this topic, this paper presents the results of a numerical parametric study of simply and continuous supported hybrid‐reinforced concrete (HRC) beams made with different amounts of fibers and reinforcement ratios. The deformation, rotational, and moment redistribution capacity of those were assessed by means of a finite‐element model previously calibrated using experimental results available in the literature. The results showed that there is a significant reduction of rotation capacity and moment redistribution for lightly reinforced (hybrid) members. Finally, the paper contains practical recommendations in terms of minimum reinforcement ratios that guarantee adequate rotation and redistribution capacity of HRC members. As such, the results of this study can provide a contribution toward more reliable structural designs of HRC members.
Thymol and carvacrol supplementation in poultry health and performance
Authors: Gholami‐Ahangaran Majid , Ahmadi‐Dastgerdi Asiye , Azizi Shahrzad , Basiratpour Asal , Zokaei Maryam , Derakhshan Masoud 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThymol and carvacrol as natural essential oils and phenol compounds are components derived from some medicinal plants, such as thyme and oregano species.ObjectivesThe increasing demands in organic and healthy meat and egg consumption in human society have made it necessary to
consider alternative natural compounds for the replacement of chemical compounds in poultry production. The chemical
compounds can remain in meat and eggs and cause complications in human health. Therefore, these natural compounds can be fed with a higher safety in poultry production with specific effects. In this regard, the role of thymol and carvacrol as natural compounds in the poultry production has been discussed in the review.MethodsIn this study, by searching for keywords related to thymol and carvacrol in poultry production in Google Scholar database, the articles related to different aspects of the biological effects of these two phytogenes in poultry production were selected and analyzed.ResultsA review of previous studies has shown that thymol and carvacrol possess a wide range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, modulating of immunity response and regulating of the gut microbial population. Also, in meat type chickens can promote growth and influence feed utilization. The beneficial effect of this compound was evaluated in hepatic toxicity and demonstrated as a hepatoprotective compound in chickens. Furthermore, these compounds can affect the behavior of layers and influence egg composition, eggshell thickness, and the sensory quality of eggs.ConclusionIt seems that with the increasing demand for healthy protein products, these compounds can be used to improve performance as a substitute alternative for chemical compounds in healthy poultry farms.
Description of the CT evolution of pyothorax and a caudal mediastinal paraesophageal empyema in a cat
Authors: Gruget Emeline , Cabon Quentin , Gory Guillaume 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA 15‐year‐old domestic cat presented with restrictive dyspnoea and pyrexia. Thoracic radiographs and computed tomography (CT) revealed a caudal mediastinal paraesophageal empyema associated with pyothorax, pleuritis and pericardial effusion. No foreign body was visible. The bacteriology was positive for Fusobacterium nucleatum. Medical treatment was initiated and consisted of bilateral drainage/lavage of the pleural cavity and intravenous amoxicillin/clavulanic acid followed by oral administration. A second CT scan performed on Day 7 showed regression of the lesion and confirmed the effectiveness of the medical treatment. Thoracic drains were removed on Day 8, and antibiotic treatment stopped 3 weeks postdiagnosis. A CT scan performed at 6 weeks postdiagnosis revealed complete regression of the lesions.
Introduction: Is Russia’s Role in the International Agri-Food System Sustainable?
Authors: Wegren Stephen K. , Nilssen Frode 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis introductory chapter examines the question whether Russia’s increased role in the international agri-food system is sustainable. Russia’s role in the international food trade system has changed from being a food importer to an importer and exporter. The first section discusses several factors that impact food imports: food production; knowledge-based innovation; politicalisation of food trade policy; and population and consumption. The second part examines factors that affect food exports: agri-food export policy; climate change; foreign competition; infrastructure; and regional foreign demand. The final section provides an outlook for the future, concluding that Russia will remain a food importer although the structure of imported commodities and trading partners will continue to evolve. Absent a major climatological disaster or significant economic downturn, we express cautious optimism that Russia will continue as a major food exporter.
Chapter 9: Russia’s Agri-Food Trade with the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Heigermoser Maximilian , Jaghdani Tinoush Jamali , Götz Linde 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is the top destination for Russian food exports, grains in particular. Focusing on Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Saudi Arabia, this chapter shows that Russia’s food trade with MENA countries is strongly affected by bilateral political relations. Russia banned most food imports from Turkey over a political conflict in 2016. In the same year, improved intergovernmental cooperation with Saudi Arabia resulted in a diversification of Russia’s food exports to the Gulf country, and in 2019, Iran’s accession to the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) led to increasing food trade with Russia. Food imports in MENA countries are usually managed by powerful state trading enterprises (STEs), which recurrently disapprove food products originating from Russia based on non-adherence to food quality standards. Our analysis shows that Russia is successfully working to open additional destination markets, while simultaneously impeding imports of food products that it aims to produce domestically.
Covariant color-kinematics duality
Authors: Cheung Clifford , Mangan James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We show that color-kinematics duality is a manifest property of the equations of motion governing currents and field strengths. For the nonlinear sigma model (NLSM), this insight enables an implementation of the double copy at the level of fields, as well as an explicit construction of the kinematic algebra and associated kinematic current. As a byproduct, we also derive new formulations of the special Galileon (SG) and Born-Infeld (BI) theory.For Yang-Mills (YM) theory, this same approach reveals a novel structure — covariant color-kinematics duality — whose only difference from the conventional duality is that 1/□ is replaced with covariant 1/D2. Remarkably, this structure implies that YM theory is itself the covariant double copy of gauged biadjoint scalar (GBAS) theory and an F3 theory of field strengths encoding a corresponding kinematic algebra and current. Directly applying the double copy to equations of motion, we derive general relativity (GR) from the product of Einstein-YM and F3 theory. This exercise reveals a trivial variant of the classical double copy that recasts any solution of GR as a solution of YM theory in a curved background.Covariant color-kinematics duality also implies a new decomposition of tree-level amplitudes in YM theory into those of GBAS theory. Using this representation we derive a closed-form, analytic expression for all BCJ numerators in YM theory and the NLSM for any number of particles in any spacetime dimension. By virtue of the double copy, this constitutes an explicit formula for all tree-level scattering amplitudes in YM, GR, NLSM, SG, and BI.