bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐Interface Modification of CsPbIBr2 Solar Cells with Improved Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Jiang Xiao , Subhani Waqas Siddique , Wang Kai , Wang Hui , Duan Lianjie , Du Minyong , Pang Shuping , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cell has been a rising star in photovoltaics (PV) in the last decade due to its high efficiency and the fastest efficiency‐rise among all known materials in the PV history. The newly developed all‐inorganic perovskite, for its high stability against thermal and light irradiation stresses, is recognized as a promising material for both PV and general optoelectronic applications. Interface and its modification have been proven to play an important role in the solar cell performance. However, all previous research on the all‐inorganic CsPbIBr2 based solar cells limits their scope to only one surface/interface while ignoring the other. Herein, synergistic effect is discovered when proper amount of CsBr is introduced on both sides of the perovskite active layer. It is found that the TiO2/perovskite interface modification reduces pinhole and trap‐state densities while modification on perovskite/Spiro‐OMeTAD promotes smoother surface and better crystallinity. The synergistic effect of both modifications leads to increased efficiency to 10.33% with VOC of 1.24 V, both are among the highest for these types of solar cells. In addition, the optimized device retains 60% of its initial efficiency after 60 h of aging in ambient atmosphere.
Alternating‐Current‐Driven Color‐Tunable Organic Light‐Emitting Triodes
Authors: Zhao Changbin , Ali Muhammad Umair , Ji Junpeng , Liu Ming , Li Aiyuan , Bai Junwu , Miao Jingsheng , Wang Tao , Perepichka Dmitrii F. , Yan Chaoyi , Shen Kwang‐Fu Clifton , Meng Hong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExploring multifunctional, miniaturized light‐emitting devices with well‐controlled operation is deemed vital to meet the increasing demands of full‐color displays and lighting systems. Nevertheless, complicated architectures, low performance, and poor operational control remain daunting challenges in the realization of smart devices. Here, an alternating‐current‐driven organic light‐emitting triode (AC‐OLETr) is reported with simple yet versatile architecture that emits light with precise control over the color and intensity. The fabricated AC‐OLETr devices are driven and regulated by a three‐phase AC supply, making them highly suitable for implementation in state‐of‐the‐art electric systems. A coplanar two‐phase AC drives a pair of light‐emitting units of different colors, while a third‐phase AC tunes the luminescence intensity ratio of the former two units through changes in its phase difference. Furthermore, interdigitated electrodes are employed to achieve effective control over the light emission, extending from yellow, through white, to the blue region. The proposed configuration offers a simplistic approach to realize color‐tunable light emission and holds great potential for full‐color displays and next‐generation solid‐state lighting.
Plasmonic Properties of Colloidal Assemblies
Authors: Rossner Christian , König Tobias A. F. , Fery Andreas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe assembly of metal nanoparticles into supracolloidal structures unlocks optical features, which can go beyond synergistic combinations of the properties of their primary building units. This is due to inter‐particle plasmonic coupling effects, which give rise to emergent properties. The motivation for this progress report is twofold: First, it is described how simulation approaches can be used to predict and understand the optical properties of supracolloidal metal clusters. These simulations may form the basis for the rational design of plasmonic assembly architectures, based on the desired functional cluster properties, and they may also spark novel material designs. Second, selected scalable state‐of‐the‐art preparative strategies based on synthetic polymers to guide the supracolloidal assembly are discussed. These routes also allow for equipping the assembly structures with adaptive properties, which in turn enables (inter‐)active control over the cluster optical properties.
Hyperbolic Metamaterials via Hierarchical Block Copolymer Nanostructures
Authors: Murataj Irdi , Channab Marwan , Cara Eleonora , Pirri Candido F. , Boarino Luca , Angelini Angelo , Ferrarese Lupi Federico 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) offer unconventional properties in the field of optics, enabling opportunities for confinement and propagation of light at the nanoscale. In‐plane orientation of the optical axis, in the direction coinciding with the anisotropy of the HMMs, is desirable for a variety of novel applications in nanophotonics and imaging. Here, a method for creating localized HMMs with in‐plane optical axis, based on block copolymer (BCP) blend instability, is introduced. The dewetting of BCP thin film over topographically defined substrates generates droplets composed of highly ordered lamellar nanostructures in hierarchical configuration. The hierarchical nanostructures represent a valuable platform for the subsequent pattern transfer into a Au/air HMM, exhibiting hyperbolic behavior in a broad wavelength range in the visible spectrum. A computed Purcell factor as high as 32 at 580 nm supports the strong reduction in the fluorescence lifetime of defects in nanodiamonds placed on top of the HMM.
Fingerpad‐Inspired Multimodal Electronic Skin for Material Discrimination and Texture Recognition
Authors: Lee Giwon , Son Jong Hyun , Lee Siyoung , Kim Seong Won , Kim Daegun , Nguyen Nguyen Ngan , Lee Seung Goo , Cho Kilwon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHuman skin plays a critical role in a person communicating with his or her environment through diverse activities such as touching or deforming an object. Various electronic skin (E‐skin) devices have been developed that show functional or geometrical superiority to human skin. However, research into stretchable E‐skin that can simultaneously distinguish materials and textures has not been established yet. Here, the first approach to achieving a stretchable multimodal device is reported, that operates on the basis of various electrical properties of piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, and piezoresistivity and that exceeds the capabilities of human tactile perception. The prepared E‐skin is composed of a wrinkle‐patterned silicon elastomer, hybrid nanomaterials of silver nanowires and zinc oxide nanowires, and a thin elastomeric dielectric layer covering the hybrid nanomaterials, where the dielectric layer exhibits high surface roughness mimicking human fingerprints. This versatile device can identify and distinguish not only mechanical stress from a single stimulus such as pressure, tensile strain, or vibration but also that from a combination of multiple stimuli. With simultaneous sensing and analysis of the integrated stimuli, the approach enables material discrimination and texture recognition for a biomimetic prosthesis when the multifunctional E‐skin is applied to a robotic hand.
A Fast Alternative to Soft Lithography for the Fabrication of Organ‐on‐a‐Chip Elastomeric‐Based Devices and Microactuators
Authors: Ferreira Daniel A. , Rothbauer Mario , Conde João P. , Ertl Peter , Oliveira Carla , Granja Pedro L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOrgan‐on‐a‐chip technology promises to revolutionize how pre‐clinical human trials are conducted. Engineering an in vitro environment that mimics the functionality and architecture of human physiology is essential toward building better platforms for drug development and personalized medicine. However, the complex nature of these devices requires specialized, time consuming, and expensive fabrication methodologies. Alternatives that reduce design‐to‐prototype time are needed, in order to fulfill the potential of these devices. Here, a streamlined approach is proposed for the fabrication of organ‐on‐a‐chip devices with incorporated microactuators, by using an adaptation of xurography. This method can generate multilayered, membrane‐integrated biochips in a matter of hours, using low‐cost benchtop equipment. These devices are capable of withstanding considerable pressure without delamination. Furthermore, this method is suitable for the integration of flexible membranes, required for organ‐on‐a‐chip applications, such as mechanical actuation or the establishment of biological barrier function. The devices are compatible with cell culture applications and present no cytotoxic effects or observable alterations on cellular homeostasis. This fabrication method can rapidly generate organ‐on‐a‐chip prototypes for a fraction of cost and time, in comparison to conventional soft lithography, constituting an interesting alternative to the current fabrication methods.
Solid Polymer Electrolytes with High Conductivity and Transference Number of Li Ions for Li‐Based Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yun , Wang Li , Zhou Yunan , Liang Zheng , Tavajohi Naser , Li Baohua , Li Tao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSmart electronics and wearable devices require batteries with increased energy density, enhanced safety, and improved mechanical flexibility. However, current state‐of‐the‐art Li‐based rechargeable batteries (LBRBs) use highly reactive and flowable liquid electrolytes, severely limiting their ability to meet the above requirements. Therefore, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are introduced to tackle the issues of liquid electrolytes. Nevertheless, due to their low Li+ conductivity and Li+ transference number (LITN) (around 10−5 S cm−1 and 0.5, respectively), SPE‐based room temperature LBRBs are still in their early stages of development. This paper reviews the principles of Li+ conduction inside SPEs and the corresponding strategies to improve the Li+ conductivity and LITN of SPEs. Some representative applications of SPEs in high‐energy density, safe, and flexible LBRBs are then introduced and prospected.
Foldable Perovskite Solar Cells Using Carbon Nanotube‐Embedded Ultrathin Polyimide Conductor
Authors: Yoon Jungjin , Kim Unsoo , Yoo Yongseok , Byeon Junseop , Lee Seoung‐Ki , Nam Jeong‐Seok , Kim Kyusun , Zhang Qiang , Kauppinen Esko I. , Maruyama Shigeo , Lee Phillip , Jeon Il 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently, foldable electronics technology has become the focus of both academic and industrial research. The foldable device technology is distinct from flexible technology, as foldable devices have to withstand severe mechanical stresses such as those caused by an extremely small bending radius of 0.5 mm. To realize foldable devices, transparent conductors must exhibit outstanding mechanical resilience, for which they must be micrometer‐thin, and the conducting material must be embedded into a substrate. Here, single‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs)–polyimide (PI) composite film with a thickness of 7 µm is synthesized and used as a foldable transparent conductor in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). During the high‐temperature curing of the CNTs‐embedded PI conductor, the CNTs are stably and strongly p‐doped using MoOx, resulting in enhanced conductivity and hole transportability. The ultrathin foldable transparent conductor exhibits a sheet resistance of 82 Ω sq.−1 and transmittance of 80% at 700 nm, with a maximum‐power‐point‐tracking‐output of 15.2% when made into a foldable solar cell. The foldable solar cells can withstand more than 10 000 folding cycles with a folding radius of 0.5 mm. Such mechanically resilient PSCs are unprecedented; further, they exhibit the best performance among the carbon‐nanotube‐transparent‐electrode‐based flexible solar cells.
Approaching the Theoretical Sodium Storage Capacity and Ultrahigh Rate of Layer‐Expanded MoS2 by Interfacial Engineering on N‐Doped Graphene
Authors: Liang Shichuan , Zhang Su , Liu Zheng , Feng Jing , Jiang Zimu , Shi Mengjiao , Chen Lan , Wei Tong , Fan Zhuangjun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) holds great potential for sodium storage due to its high theoretical capacity of 670 mAh g−1. However, its theoretical capacity is hardly realized because of low conductivity, sluggish electrochemical kinetics, and unsatisfied structural stability. Herein, a polyaniline‐mediated interfacial engineering strategy for the growth of interlayer‐expanded MoS2 nanoflowers on N‐doped graphene “land” (E‐MoS2/NG) using Mo7O246− anions adsorbed on positively charged polyaniline as the “seeds” is reported. The strong interfacial interaction between MoS2 and graphene through MoN bonds as well as ultrathin interlayer‐expanded MoS2 can significantly improve the electrochemical kinetics and structural stability. As a result, E‐MoS2/NG with a high MoS2 content of 90 wt% shows a high capacity (620 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), an ultrahigh rate capability (201 mAh g−1 at 50 A g−1), and outstanding cycle performance (390 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1). Importantly, MoS2 in the composite approaches its theoretical capacity of 670 mAh g−1. Furthermore, the assembled E‐MoS2/NG//activated carbon sodium ion capacitor delivers high energy densities of 150 and 82 Wh kg−1 at 35 and 14 421 W kg−1, respectively, and a capacity retention of 78.1% after 1500 cycles at 10 A g−1, demonstrating great potential for practical application.
Advances and Prospective in Metal Halide Ruddlesen–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Shao Shuyan , Loi Maria Antonietta 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMetal halide Ruddlesen–Popper perovskite solar cells (RPPSCs) have attracted a great deal of attention in the research community due to their excellent stability over the 3D counterparts. In 2014, the first RPPSC was reported achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of about 4.7%. To date, this type of solar cells reach a PCE exceeding 18% on lab scale. In this essay, distil strategies to further improve the PCE of RPPSCs are discussed. First, the unique physical properties of RPP are discussed to highlight the importance of film processing and material design, and then the factors that are limiting RPPSCs with special focus on the crystallographic and charge transport properties are addressed. Finally, the opportunities for RPPSCs are discussed, and opinions are provided regarding how to further improve the performance of these devices and on strategies which may advance the technology toward its industrial exploitation.
Improving publicly available corn nitrogen rate recommendation tools with soil and weather measurements
Authors: Ransom Curtis J. , Kitchen Newell R. , Sawyer John E. , Camberato James J. , Carter Paul R. , Ferguson Richard B. , Fernández Fabián G. , Franzen David W. , Laboski Carrie A. M. , Myers D. Brenton , Nafziger Emerson D. , Shanahan John F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImproving corn (Zea mays L.) N fertilizer rate recommendation tools is necessary for improving farmers’ profits and minimizing N pollution. Research has repeatedly shown that weather and soil factors influence available N and crop N need. Adjusting available corn N recommendation tools with soil and weather measurements could improve farmers’ ability to manage N. The aim of this research was to improve publicly available N recommendation tools with site‐specific soil and weather measurements. Information from 49 site‐years of N response trials in the U.S. Midwest was used to evaluate 21 rate recommendation tools for a single (at‐planting) and split (at‐planting + sidedress) N application. Using elastic net and decision tree algorithms, the difference between each tool's N recommendation and the economically optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) was modeled against soil and weather measurements. The model's predicted values were used to adjust the tools. Unadjusted the best performing tool had r2 = .24; after adjustment, the best performing tool had r2 = .57. Overall tool improvement was modest and sometimes required many additional inputs. Using weather measurements (e.g., evenness of rainfall or abundant and well‐distributed rainfall) helped increase N recommendations by accounting for N loss while soil measurements (e.g., pH and total C) helped decrease N recommendations when there was sufficient available soil N. This investigation showed that incorporating soil and weather measurements is a viable approach for improving corn N recommendation tools regionally; but even with adjustments, tools still have room for additional improvement.
Influence of ultraviolet aging on the structure, mechanical and gas permeability properties of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber
Authors: Tan Jinghua , Chen Chengliang , Wu Juying , He Ren , Jiang Linbing , Liu Yiwu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the structure and performance of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) was studied in this paper. The HNBR was exposed to UV radiation for various durations (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results demonstrated that the surface molecular structures were oxidized to generate oxygenated species under UV radiation. The oxidative degree enhanced with the increase of aging time, resulting in thicker and denser cracks on the surface. The plausible aging mechanism of HNBR was suggested. The free volume of HNBR before and after UV aging was characterized by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and their cross‐linking density, compression set, mechanical and gas permeability properties were also analyzed. In the first 14 days of UV irradiation, the dominant chain‐scission reaction led to a decrease in cross‐linking density of HNBR, resulting in the enhancement of free volume and thereby the increase of gas permeability. When the aging time was longer than 14 days, cross‐linking reaction played a leading role and the free volume decreased, thus causing the reduction of gas permeability. As the aging time increased, the glass transition temperature (Tg), tensile strength and storage modulus of HNBR initially reduced and then increased, which was in agreement with the changing trend of cross‐linking density.
Polypropylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) microfibrillar reinforced composites manufactured by fused filament fabrication
Authors: Huang Miaozi , Schlarb Alois K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the present work, microfibrillar composites (MFCs) consisting of polypropylene (PP) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were successfully produced by melt extrusion and cold stretching. The resulting filaments were then printed using fused filament fabrication. The morphological results demonstrate that the highly oriented PET fibrils after stretching are still well preserved in the printed components. Since the printing process defines the alignment of the fibrils in the final component the fibers can be perfectly adapted to the load paths. Comparative analyses of the mechanical properties reveal that the PET fibrils act as an effective reinforcement in the 3D printed components, resulting in the superior mechanical performance of the PP/PET MFCs compared to a PP/PET blend and a neat PP. Due to the combination of material and innovative processing, the study opens up a new way of using the morphology‐based enormous potential of polymer fibers for lightweight, cost‐effective and recyclable full polymer solutions in compact components.
Design of sandwich structure conductive polypropylene/styrene‐butadiene‐styrene triblock copolymer/carbon black composites with inherent morphological tunability
Authors: Zhou Zichen , Yang Zhangbin , Sun Haoxuan , Zhang Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe insulator‐conductor transition of conductive polymer composites (CPCs) can be ascribed to the fabrication of conductive networks, and the morphology of conductive networks plays a significant role in the electrical conductivity. This study presents CPCs with inherent morphology tunability which can be controlled by kinetic methods (i.e., mixing procedures and sequences, and polymer melt viscosity). Polypropylene (PP)/styrene‐butadiene‐styrene block copolymer (SBS) (50/50, in volume)/10 phr (parts per hundred of the polymer matrix) conductive carbon black (CB) composites prepared by different compounding sequences (PP/CB composites mixed with SBS, SBS/CB composites mixed with PP, and PP/SBS blend mixed with CB) are named as PC10S, SC10P, and PSC10. With the difference between the phase morphologies, distribution, and dispersion of CB, the PP/SBS/CB composites realize seven orders of magnitude difference in resistivity. The volume resistivity (ρv) of PC10S SC10P and PSC10are 1.57 × 101, 1.68 × 102, and 4.88 × 108 Ω m, respectively.
Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein and CD14, Cofactors of Toll‐like Receptors, Are Essential for Low‐Grade Inflammation–Induced Exacerbation of Cartilage Damage in Mouse Models of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis
Authors: Won Yoonkyung , Yang Jeong‐In , Park Seulki , Chun Jang‐Soo 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveOsteoarthritis (OA) is initiated by pathogenic factors produced by multiple stimuli, including mechanical stress, metabolic stress, and/or inflammaging. This study was undertaken to identify novel low‐grade inflammation–associated pathogenic mediators of OA.MethodsCandidate pathogenic molecules were screened using microarray data obtained from chondrocytes exposed to OA‐associated catabolic factors. In mice with OA generated by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), low‐grade inflammation was induced by a high‐fat diet or endotoxemia. Functions of candidate molecules in OA pathogenesis were examined using primary‐culture chondrocytes from mice with DMM‐induced OA, following intraarticular injection of adenovirus expressing the candidate gene. Specific functions of candidate genes were evaluated using whole‐body gene‐knockout mice.ResultsBioinformatics analysis identified multiple candidate pathogenic factors that were associated with low‐grade inflammation, including components of the Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways (e.g., TLR‐2, TLR‐4, lipopolysaccharide binding protein [LBP], and CD14). Overexpression of the individual TLR signaling components in mouse joint tissue did not alter cartilage homeostasis. However, the low‐grade inflammation induced by a high‐fat diet or endotoxemia markedly enhanced posttraumatic OA cartilage destruction in mice, and this exacerbation of cartilage destruction was significantly abrogated in LBP−/− and CD14−/− mice. Additionally, LBP and CD14 were found to be necessary for the expression of matrix‐degrading enzymes in mouse chondrocytes treated with proinflammatory cytokines.ConclusionLBP and CD14, which are accessory molecules of TLRs, are necessary for the exacerbation of posttraumatic OA cartilage destruction resulting from low‐grade inflammation, such as that triggered by a high‐fat diet or endotoxemia.