bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-112 Examining the Utility of the New Dot Counting Test Cut-off Score in Latinx and Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Saravia Sarah , Lopez-Hernandez Daniel W , Baez Abril J , Muñoz Isabel , Olmos Winter , Rugh-Fraser Rachel A , Sidhu Jasman , Litvin Pavel Y , Budding Deborah , Hovda David A , Vespa Paul , Fuster Joaquin M , Woo Ellen , Hardy David J , Boone Kyle B , Wright Matthew J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The Dot Counting Test (DCT) is a performance validity test. McCaul et al. (2018) recently revised the DCT cut-off score from ≥17 to 13.80; we evaluated the new cut-off in non-Latinx Caucasian and Caucasian Latinx traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors and healthy comparison (HC) participants.

Method
The sample consisted of 37 acute TBI (ATBI; 11 Caucasian Latinx; 26 non-Latinx Caucasian), 27 chronic TBI (CTBI; 10 Caucasian Latinx; 17 non-Latinx Caucasian), and 55 HC (29 Caucasian Latinx; 26 non-Latinx Caucasian) participants.

Results
An ANCOVA, controlling for age, revealed no DCT E-scores differences between groups. Both the conventional and the new cut-off scores had different failure rates in ATBI (conventional cut-off: 0%; PNC: 16%), CTBI (conventional cut-off: 7%; PNC: 15%), and HC (conventional cut-off: 10%; PNC: 11%) participants. For the Caucasian Latinx group (conventional cut-off: 6%; PNC: 12%) and the non-Latinx Caucasian group (conventional cut-off: 6%; PNC: 14%), demonstrated different failure rates across cut-off scores. Group differences were found with the McCaul et al. (2018) cut-off and the conventional cut-off. Also, chi-squared analysis revealed non-Latinx Caucasian participants with ATBI had greater failure rates than Caucasian Latinx participants with ATBI.

Conclusion
The new DCT cut-off score resulted in greater failure rates in TBI survivors. Also, this effect appears to be most pronounced in non-Latinx Caucasian persons with ATBI. Future work should investigate possible reasons for these differences so that more stringent DCT can be utilized in a way that provides less biased results for brain injury survivors across racial and ethnic groups.
A-13 Stepping into Action: The Role of Neuropsychologists in Social Justice Advocacy
Authors: Diaz-Santos Mirella , Anderson Kendra , Irani Farzin , Miranda Michelle , Wong Christina , Yanez Janet 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The current pandemic shed a necessary light on chronic systemic inequities. Despite awareness of the importance of diversity, equity, social justice, and advocacy, actionable change has been slow. The field of neuropsychology and psychology were founded on principles of universal rights for all humans, yet it has largely neglected social justice activities. Social justice and advocacy efforts are not universally embedded in education/training curriculums, nor in licensure requirements. If the field is pledging to move towards equity, systemic change is required. We offer practical considerations on how advocacy can lead neuropsychologists toward equity and social justice.

Data Selection
A review of the literature on racism, social justice, and health/mental health disparities, was conducted in the fields of neuropsychology, clinical psychology, counseling psychology, medicine, and public health, to form a systems-based approach to advocacy with actionable steps that can be taken by all. Tenents of critical consciousness, transformative learning, transformative justice and socially responsible neuropsychology emerged.

Data Synthesis
We utilize an ecological systems framework (microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem levels) to provide a graded, developmental approach for transitioning to a social change agent. Recommendations are offered to provide guidance on addressing inequities at multiple levels in an effort to uphold human rights and protection of all.

Conclusion
Neuropsychology has the opportunity to blaze a new trail that can effectively protect, include, and nurture all of its constituents equitably rather than equally. Transforming our field is possible through stepping into action by equipping our trainees and professionals with the tools to become agents of social change.
A-126 One Versus Two or More Head Injuries: A Comparison of Cognitive Performance and Emotional Correlates
Authors: Frick Lauren , Bailey Maggie , Balloun Bailey , Wood Lindsay , Pyykkonen Ben , Han Dan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The current study compares performance on measures of executive functioning in individuals with a history of 2 or more mTBI versus those with a single documented mTBI. Specific interaction with emotional distress was explored.

Method
A database from neuropsychological assessment of individuals noting deficits following head injury including 273 individuals provided a sample of 174 males, 98 females (one case missing data); mean age = 21.82 years; mean education = 10.16 years. Executive functioning was measured using the Trails Making Test Form B (TMT-B), Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS) Design Fluency, and Semantic Fluency instruments. Emotional distress was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).

Results
MANCOVA was employed to determine the effect of multiple head injuries versus one upon cognitive performance after controlling for depression and anxiety. Group differences between those with one versus 2 or more mTBI were present (Wilk’s η = 0.907, F (3, 125) = 4.256, p = 007, Partial η2 = 0.093). Significant differences were not noted with regard to emotional distress (BAI, p = 0.97 l BDI, p = 0.87). Between subject effects identified significant differences between groups in performance on DKEFS Design Fluency (p = 0.05) and Semantic Fluency (P = 0.04), while significant groups differences were not evident Trailmaking Test B performance (P = 0.20).

Conclusion
Overall, those who had previous concussions performed better on measures of executive functioning. Measures of emotional functioning were not a significant covariate of cognitive performance. Implications and limitations of the current study will be discussed.
A-139 Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Neurocognitive Performance in a Veteran Population with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology
Authors: Gretler Julie , Jocson Valerie Alipio , Dominguez Christopher , Chen Marcel , Noda Art , Yesavage Jerome A , Kinoshita Lisa M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is associated with neuropsychological challenges, including attentional difficulties (Kim et al., 2017), and commonly comorbid with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in veteran samples (Yesavage et al., 2014). We further explore the relationship between OSA and cognition in veterans with PTSD symptomatology.

Method
58 veterans (6 females; mean age = 57.53 years, SD = 13.63) with OSA were screened as part of a larger outpatient study at Palo Alto VA Hospital, completing neuropsychological testing and Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) interview. Mean Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) was 23.95 (SD = 15.97). Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) therapy had not started at the time of screening. Domain-specific composite scores were created using z-score transformation of individual test scores and hierarchical regression used.

Results
Initial regression model was significant (F(1,57) = 4.99, p = 0.03, R2 = 0.081) with AHI significantly predicting executive function (EF; β = −0.28, p = 0.03). Attention was then entered into the model (F(2,56) = 22.31, p &lt; 0.01, R2 = 0.44) and significantly predicted EF (β = 0.63, p &lt; 0.01), but AHI was no longer significant. Lastly, CAPS-5 score (last month) was entered as a covariate to control for PTSD symptom severity (F(3,55) = 14.94, p &lt; 0.01, R2 = 0.45); however, attention remained the only significant predictor of EF (β = 0.63, p &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
Findings suggest that EF concerns related to OSA may be driven by decreased attention performance, suggesting areas to highlight when formulating recommendations and treatment planning. Further implications and directions to be discussed.

Funding Acknowledgements
Supported by the Research Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs (Grant Number 1I01RX001799-01A2), VAPAHCS, and Sierra-Pacific MIRECC.
A-145 Tunnel Vision: A Novel Investigation of the Effect of Depression on Field of View
Authors: Bolshin Lisa , Khatri Nasreen , Ryan Jennifer 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
This study examined the effects of depression on field of view and memory as it relates to cognitive remittance of depression. Depressed individuals possess a negativity bias producing a narrowed field of view, attentional bias, and enhanced memory for negative emotional information.

Methods
The study investigated whether formerly depressed (remitted) individuals are truly cognitively remitted and display the same emotional and attention inhibitions and memory as depressed individuals, specifically under a negatively mood induced state. Female participants aged 39–85 were grouped into non-depressed (healthy) and remitted categories. The study followed a 3-day testing procedure which included diagnostic verification on the first day, and eye-tracking methods on the second and third day looking at a series of emotionally valenced images. The study employed a 2 x 3 x 2 mixed model ANOVA.

Results
Results suggested that remitted individuals possess a narrower field of view, especially when subjected to a negative mood induction as seen in Figure 1. Results also suggested that a negative mood induction results in greater visual exploration (attention) to negatively valenced information for formerly depressed individuals. Results showed that remitted individuals continued to demonstrate significantly different viewing patterns (i.e., saccade amplitudes and number of fixations) to emotionally valenced information under a negative mood induction but, this did not impact recognition memory.

Conclusion
Taken together, the results of the study support the idea that formerly depressed individuals experience a perceptual and cognitive tunnel vision that elaborates on their inhibited negative cognitive schemas and puts them at risk for relapse into further episodes of depression.
A-166 Assuming Fine Motor Impairment in Pediatric Brain Tumor
Authors: Kong Dianne , Carmona Viannae , Whitaker Ashley M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
As neuropsychologists adopt virtual assessments in the context of COVID-19, the field is shifting toward teleneuropsychology. Comprehensive remote evaluations are proving to be feasible and reliable across domains, though traditional fine motor (FM) tests cannot be administered virtually. In the absence of direct FM measurement, this cross-sectional study considered whether universal FM recommendations are appropriate for patients with pediatric brain tumor (PBT).

Method
Dominant FM z-scores were obtained from 176 patients with PBT (x- age at diagnosis and evaluation = 7.3 and 12.8 years, respectively). There were no significant differences between Lafayette Grooved and Purdue Pegboard performances. FM differences between tumor location (46% infratentorial), chemotherapy (71.6%), and gender (52.3% male) were analyzed.

Results
The sample as a whole performed over 2 SDs below normative age expectations, t(175) = −14.7, p &lt; 0.0001), with more pronounced deficits among patients with infratentorial (x-= − 2.4) than supratentorial (x-= − 1.7) tumors, F(1,174) = 7.1, p = 0.008. Consistent with prior findings, patients performed worse when treated with chemotherapy (x-= − 2.3) than without (x-= − 1.7), F(1,174) = 16.2, p &lt; 0.0001. Time since diagnosis was negatively correlated with FM performance r = −0.27, p &lt; 0.001. While gender differences were not apparent overall, post-hoc analyses revealed FM impairment in over 89% of males and 75% of females by middle school.

Conclusions
Given the likelihood of FM concerns (particularly by middle school), FM recommendations should be offered even in the absence of direct FM measurement for patients with PBT evaluated virtually. Accommodations (e.g., note copies, typing/dictation, abbreviated assignments, extended time) are free/easy to implement and can be incorporated into medically based Section 504 Plans, while early intervention may mitigate long-term effects.
A-3 History of Traumatic Brain Injury and the Course of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms among those with Autopsy-Confirmed Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Schaffert Jeff , Goette Will , LoBue Christian , Didehbani Nyaz , Hart John , Cullum Munro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
We explored the course of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer’s disease (ad) subjects with and without a history of TBI (TBI+ vs. TBI-), expecting that TBI history may be associated with NPS severity over time.

Method
Data from 1532 individuals (age 50+) with autopsy-confirmed ad were obtained from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (Mean visits = 3.69). Those with other tau pathology and significant Lewy pathology were removed. Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) and the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) scores were used to examine NPS. Multilevel zero-inflated binomial regression models assessed if NPS severity differed between TBI+ (N = 154) and TBI- (N = 1378) groups over time. Covariates included: years from baseline visit, demographics, MMSE, Functional Activities Questionnaire score, and psychotropic treatment.

Results
The groups did not differ at baseline in NPI-Q (p = 0.36) or GDS (p = 0.07) scores. NPI-Q scores mildly decreased in the TBI+ group (trend = −0.03), whereas the TBI- group remained stable over time (trend = 0.001), 95% CI for the trend [0.01, 0.07]. GDS scores increased more rapidly in the TBI+ group (trend = 0.08) than the TBI- group (trend = 0.02), 95% CI for the trend [0.02, 0.10].

Conclusions
This preliminary study suggests that NPS course in ad may differ depending on TBI history, though effect sizes were small. Over the course of ad, individuals with a history of TBI may experience less NPS overall (as measured by NPI-Q scores) but may experience marginally more depressive symptoms (as measured by GDS scores). Future investigations evaluating the relationship between TBI and the course of neurodegenerative disease are needed.
A-4 Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Neurofilament Light in Relation to Longitudinal Objective and Subjective Cognitive Decline in Older Adults
Authors: Thwaites Natalie A , Khan Omair A , Liu Dandan , Steinbach Marilyn , Gilbert Camdyn , Cambronero Francis E , Moore Elizabeth E , Bown Corey W , Acosta Lealani , Spirko Katie Osborn , Pechman Kimberly R , Hohman Timothy J , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Jefferson Angela L , Gifford Katherine A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma neurofilament light (NFL) concentrations were assessed in relation to longitudinal objective and subjective cognitive outcomes in older adults ranging from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment. Interactive effects were assessed for apolipoprotein E ϵ4 (APOE4) carriership, a strong genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease and molecular moderator of vascular disease.

Method
Vanderbilt Memory & Aging Project participants (CSF n = 149, 72 ± 6 years; plasma n = 333, 73 ± 7 years) underwent fasting blood draw and lumbar puncture at baseline for NFL quantification. Serial neuropsychological assessments and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) questionnaires were completed at 18-month increments. Linear mixed effects regression models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, APOE4 carriership (for main effect models), and depressed mood. NFL x APOE4 interaction terms were used as predictors in follow-up models.

Results
CSF NFL predicted steeper declines in an executive functioning composite score (β = −0.0001, p = 0.001) and WAIS-IV Coding (β = −0.001, p = 0.001). An APOE4 interaction was present for executive functioning (β = −0.0002, p = 0.005) such that CSF NFL associations with longitudinal decline were stronger among APOE4+ participants. Plasma NFL predicted worsening SCD (β = 0.27, p = 0.002) and objective cognitive decline across all domains (p-values &lt;0.05), with multiple APOE4 interactions (p-values &lt;0.05) suggesting stronger associations with objective cognitive decline among APOE4+ participants.

Conclusions
Both CSF and plasma NFL detect neuropathology associated with cognitive decline among non-demented older adults, especially among APOE4 carriers. Findings further support the value of SCD as reflecting neurodegenerative changes associated with accelerated cognitive aging.
A-6 Cognitive Impairment and SES-Related Differences in Affective Traits
Authors: Andrews Heather E , MacAulay Rebecca K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Recent research has suggested that positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) may be sensitive markers of early pathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood and likely reflect diverse etiological factors.

Method
The present study aimed to determine whether individual differences in NA and PA were related to group differences in global cognition and socioeconomic status (SES). We collected data from a group of adult participants aged 57–87 (N = 120). Participants were categorized as cognitively normal (CN) or MCI based on Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) measured PA and NA. Information on SES including education level and household income were collected via interview.

Results
Results indicated that those with psychometrically-defined MCI statistically differed in PA but not in NA compared to CN adults. Additionally, economically insecure older adults were higher in NA than economically secure older adults. Further, examination of this effect suggested that this economically-related group difference was significantly greater in those with evidence of cognitive impairments than CN. Older age was associated with greater positive affect (r = 0.170, p &lt; 0.050) and lower negative affect (r = −0.296, p = 0.001).

Conclusions
Results highlight the combined effect of economic insecurity and cognitive impairment on NA, suggesting that economically insecure adults with cognitive impairments may benefit from additional support to reduce its harmful effects on mood. Future research is needed to examine whether heightened NA is a sensitive predictor of depression and MCI.
A-14 Factors Impacting Long-Term Proactive and Reactive Healthcare Utilization in Cognitively Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Stypulkowski Katie , Hansel Jamie , Thayer Rachel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Ongoing preventive healthcare is critical to support physical and cognitive health with aging. Several demographic factors have been identified as impacting older adult’s healthcare utilization (HCU), and cognitive training (CT) may prime for proactive (regular doctor’s visits) versus reactive (emergency department [ED] visits) HCU. This study sought to explore older adults’ HCU patterns, including predictors of CT and demographic factors, in the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) data set.

Method
The full ACTIVE study included 2802 community-dwelling adults age 65+ without cognitive impairment. Available data were comprised of N&#3f909 across six US sites at baseline and five-year follow up. Multiple linear regression was used to predict five-year doctor’s visits and ED visits from age, race, gender, education, MMSE score, community type, and cognitive training group.

Results
The model significantly predicted doctor’s visits but accounted for a low amount of the total variance [R2 = 0.025, F(7,885) = 3.21, p = 0.002]. Rural setting (β = 0.090, p = 0.012), female gender (β = 0.086, p = 0.012), higher MMSE (β = 0.079, p = 0.031), and higher education (β = 0.076, p = 0.041) predicted more doctor’s visits. Similarly, the overall model accounted for limited variance in ED visits [R2 = 0.016, F(7,888) = 3.21, p = 0.044], and older age was the only significant predictor (β = 0.089, p = 0.009).

Conclusions
CT did not significantly predict HCU at five-year follow up. Those living in a rural setting, of female gender, and with higher MMSE score and education level had higher proactive HCU at five years, whereas only older age predicted higher ED visits. Additional exploration of factors impacting long-term HCU within a diverse sample of healthy older adults is needed.
A-46 The Influence of Acculturation on Mexicans and Guatemalans Cordoba Naming Test Performance
Authors: Sidhu Jasman , Lopez-Hernandez Daniel W , Baez Abril J , Munoz Isabel C , Saravia Sarah , Olmos Winter , Smith Kristina E , Bueno Alexis , Bichlmeier Amy , Cervantes Raymundo , Munoz Raelynn B , Hernandez Juan P , Wright Matthew J , Hardy David J , Fernandez Alberto l 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The United States carries a diverse Latinx population. This population largely consists of Mexicans however, there has been a population decrease since 2010. Though, the Guatemalan population has increased since 2010 and has become the third most growing population in the United States. Previous research shows that level of acculturation influences neuropsychological test performance. The Córdoba Naming Test (CNT) is a confrontation naming test created for Spanish-speakers. We examined the relationship between acculturation and CNT performance in a Latinx sample that immigrated to the United States.

Method
The sample consisted of 44 Mexicans and 14 Guatemalans that were neurologically and psychologically healthy residents. All the participants completed the CNT and the Abbreviated Multidimensional Acculturation Scale (AMAS) in Spanish. ANOVAs were used to examine CNT performance and acculturation on the AMAS subscales.

Results
Results revealed the Guatemalan immigrant group outperformed the Mexican immigrant group on the CNT, p = 0.035, ηp2 = 0.08. Additionally, we found that on the English language subscale of the AMAS, the Mexican immigrant group reported higher English language levels than the Guatemalan immigrant group, p = 0.002, ηp2 = 0.16.

Conclusion
Our findings showed that Guatemalans demonstrated better CNT performance compared to Mexicans. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine confrontation naming performance in a Latinx immigrant sample. Furthermore, we found that Mexicans reported higher English language compared to Guatemalans. Future research on the CNT with larger samples should investigate possible interactions between acculturation and other cultural variables (e.g., bilingualism) in the interpretation of test performance in a Latinx immigrant population.