bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Web-Based Software Applications for Frailty Assessment in Older Adults: Current Status and Insights Into Future Development
Authors: Chang Riley , Low Hilary , McDonald Andrew , Park Grace , Song Xiaowei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: A crucial aspect of continued senior care is the early detection and management of frailty. Developing reliable and secure electronic frailty assessment tools can benefit virtual appointments, a need especially apparent since the COVID-19 pandemic. An emerging effort has targeted web-based software applications to improve accessibility and usage. Methods: We conducted an environmental scan through MEDLINE and Google searches (last updated on June 1st, 2021) to identify currently available web applications, each of which was evaluated and assigned a rating score based on eight featured categories.Results: Twelve web-based frailty assessment applications were found, chiefly provided by the USA (50%) or European countries (42%) and focused on frailty grading and outcome prediction for specific patient groups (58%). The categories that scored well among the applications included the User Interface (2.67/3) and the Cost (2.75/3). Other categories had a mean score of 1.5 or lower. The least developed features in the existing web applications included Data Saving.Conclusions: This is the first study that has compiled a comprehensive list of frailty assessments available online, described their usage and evaluated their advantages and limitations. The study emphasized several essential features with future web application development to support early detection and management of frailty with virtual care.
Interleukin 7 Inhibit Autophagy via P53 Regulated AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhu Yunjia , Jiang Xi , Ding Zhiying , Ming Jian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Interleukin 7(IL-7) has been demonstrated regulating lymphangiogenesis, apoptosis, and proliferation. Whether IL-7 induce or inhibit autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) are unknown. Methods In this study, Western blot was used to detect cytoplasmic and nuclear protein of p53, total protein of AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Quantitative Real-Time PCR(qRT-PCR) was used to detect p53 mRNA level after treated with IL-7. Then using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe the morphological change of autophagosome. 123 cases of NSCLC were collected for survival analysis, immunohistochemistry staining and cox regression multivariate analysis. Results We find that IL-7 induce the p53 translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm, then IL-7 down-regulate phosphorylation of AMPK and up-regulate phosphorylation of mTOR. The expression of AMPK and p53 were associated with IL-7/IL-7R and mTOR expression. Clinically, AMPK and p53 were well correlated with stage and survival of lung cancer patients. IL-7R, mTOR and tumor stage were the strongest predictors of survival. Conclusion In conclusion, IL-7 inhibit autophagy in NSCLC via P53 regulated AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. AMPK and p53 are correlated with patients’ survival. IL-7R, mTOR and tumor stage are the strongest predictor of survival.
An Optical Clearing Technique to Visualize Internal Root Structure
Authors: HE YUNXIAO , Yan Qingqing , Yang Dongyong , Li Min , Xiao Youli 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundRoots play an important role in the foraging and uptake of nutrients and water from soil to support sessile plant growth. Research on root growth and development in plants is very limited due to the thickness and opacity of roots. We developed a tissue clearing technique that enables visualization of crop internal root structure.ResultsThe application of methyl salicylate reduced the time taken for root clearing and accelerated the dye permeation into the tissue; the whole procedure for root clearing was performed within 3 days. We applied our technique on the roots of monocotyledonous plants, such as rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and maize (Zea mays L.), and dicotyledonous plants, such as rape (Brassica napus L. var oleifera), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and soybean (Glycine max (Linn.) Merr.), and obtained clear root structure. It not only shortens the time for root tissue clearing but also keeps the cell structure of intact roots. The transparent sample can be preserved for more than one year without any structural deformation.Conclusions﻿Our technique can create a 3-D reconstruction of the entire root structure. In summary, this method is a useful tool for visualizing the structures of thick root tissues and will be a valuable tool for research on root growth and development in plants.
Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 Deaths in China: An Analysis of Environmental Factors
Authors: Feng Xixi , Du Peipei , Li Guobao , Cao Peihua , Luo Jiaohua , Yan Xiaodong , Luo Jiawei , He Daihai , Yang Lin , Wang Xiaohui , Fu Yang , Yang Shu , Chen Yaolong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Since December 2019, China has carried out dramatic containment measures to control the spread of COVID-19. As of April 6, 2020, most of the confirmed cases outside Hubei province have been cured or confirmed dead. In this study, we aimed to understand environmental factors leading to COVID-19-related mortality outside of Hubei province, in mainland China.
Methods
We collected spatial-temporal and environmental data of 99 cases of COVID-19-related deaths outside of Hubei province in Mainland China between January 22, 2020 and April 6, 2020. A descriptive analysis, including a spatial-temporal distribution of daily reported diagnosed cases and related deaths, was conducted. We analyzed the possible environmental factors that affect the provincial-level CFR of COVID-19 outside Hubei, China.
Results
Among the 99 reported deaths, 59 (59.6%) were male and 40 (40.4%) were female. The mean age at death was 71.30 (SD 12.98) years and 74 deaths were among those 65 years or older. The CFR was negatively correlated with temperature (r=-0.679, P < 0.001) and humidity (r=-0.607, P = 0.002), while latitude was positively correlated with the CFR (r = 0.636, P = 0.001). There were no statistically significant associations between CFR and the social environment factors.
Conclusion
Higher CFR of COVID-19 was associated with lower temperature, lower humidity, and higher latitude. Continual analysis of daily reported diagnoses and mortality data can help healthcare professionals and policy makers understand the trends within a country in order to better prepare nationwide prevention and care guidelines, along with adequately appropriate funds accordingly.
Five-Level Unilateral Laminectomy Bilateral Decompression (ULBD) by Two-Stage Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy (UBE)
Authors: Wang Wenlong , Liu Zheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) is a relatively new yet common minimally invasive procedure in spine surgery, capable of achieving adequate decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis through unilateral laminectomy bilateral decompression (ULBD). Neither additional fusion nor rigid fixation is required, as UBE-ULBD rarely causes iatrogenic lumbar instability. However, to our knowledge, five-level ULBD via two-stage UBE without lumbar fusion has been yet to be reported in the treatment of multilevel lumbar spinal stenosis.Case description We present a case of an 80-year-old female patient who developed progressive paralysis of the lower extremities. Radiographic examinations showed multilevel degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis and extensive compression of the dural sac and nerve roots from L1-2 to L5-S1. The patient underwent five-level ULBD through two-stage UBE without lumbar fusion or fixation. One week after the final procedure, the patient could ambulate with walking aids and braces. Moreover, no back pain or limited lumbar motion was observed at the 6-month follow-up.Conclusions Multilevel ULBD through UBE may provide elderly patients with an alternative, minimally invasive procedure for treating spinal stenosis. This procedure could be achieved by staging surgeries. In this case, we reported complaints of little back pain, despite not needing to perform lumbar fusion or fixation.
Comparison Effect of Nebulized Milrinone and Intravenous Milrinone in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension Who Candidate of Open-heart Surgery: a Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Joreirahmadi Sara , zadeh Fatemeh Javaherforoosh , Babazadehdezfuli Marziyeh , Gholizadeh Behnam , Bakhtiari Nima 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective: This study was aimed to compare the effect of nebulized milrinone versus intravenous administration of milrinone in pulmonary hypertension patients who are candidates for open-heart surgeryMethod: A total of 32 patients candidates for open-heart surgery complicated by pulmonary hypertension were involved in this study and were arbitrarily classified into the nebulized milrinone group (n=16) and intravenous milrinone group (n=16) that they received drug after the opening of the cross-clamp of the aorta and before weaning off CPB. Heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), stork volume (SV), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR) and MAP/mPAP ratio, Extubation time, ICU stay and hospital stay were collected. Results: MAP and MAP/mPAP ratio increased significantly, however, mPAP was significantly lower in the nebulized milrinone group than in the intravenous milrinone group. Extubation time, ICU stay and hospital stays decreased significantly in the nebulized milrinone group than in the intravenous milrinone group.Conclusion: the administration of the nebulized milrinone before weaning off from CPB, accelerated and facilitated separation from CPB as it significantly decreases mPAP and preserves MAP.Trial registry: Registered under No. IRCT20201104049266N1
The Appropriate Acquisition Time Interval Following Injection of 99mTc-Sestamibi with Water Protocol in Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: First Experience in Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyo Nora Anggun , Soeriadi Erwin Affandi , Budiawan Hendra , Kartamihardja Achmad Hussein Sundawa 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAccording to EANM/ESC guideline, image acquisitions in stress test should be begun at 30-60 minutes after tracer administration. Our center is a referral hospital for nuclear medicine imaging with many patients but limited number of gamma camera. The shorter time between injection of radiopharmaceutical and imaging acquisition will lead to more examination can be done.The aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriate acquisition time interval with water protocol in 99mTc-Sestamibi SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging.MethodsPatients who were referred to undergo stress MPI between October 2020 to December 2020 were included in this study. Cardiac stress procedure was performed using treadmill with modified Bruce Protocol. Subjects should drink a total of 330 mL water following 99mTc-Sestamibi injection. Image acquisitions were performed 10 and 30 minutes afterwards. Quantitative assessment was done by calculated target background ratio (TBR). Statistical analysis was performed using student t-test with Microsoft Excel version 2019. P-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significance.ResultsThirty out of 35 subjects were included in this study. Sixteen of them are male and 14 are female with mean of age was 48.7 years old (28 – 80). Mean target background uptake ratio (TBR) in 10- and 30-minutes images were 0.67 (0.44 – 1.11) and 0.76 (0.43 – 1.18) respectively (p-value = 0.15).ConclusionThere was no significant difference of target to background ratio between acquisition time 10- and 30-minutes following injection of 99mTc-Sestamibi with water protocol in myocardial perfusion imaging.Trial registrationNot applicable.
Temporal Trend and Spatial Analysis of the HIV Epidemic in Young Men who have Sex with Men in the Second Largest Brazilian Amazonian Province
Authors: Seabra Iaron Leal , Pedroso Andrey Oeiras , Rodrigues Taymara Barbosa , Ferreira Glenda Roberta Oliveira Naiff , Ferreira Ana Lucia Silva , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre , Gomes Dulce , Silva Richardson Augusto Rosendo , Botelho Eliã Pinheiro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: In the last decade, young men who have sex with men (MSM) have been highly affectedimpacted by the HIV. Much more than attributing the risk behavior to HIV uniquely to the individual, behaviors are shaped by social determinants of health (SDHs). Despite of the problem, there is a scarcity of studies evaluating the SHDs impact on HIV among young MSN. Therefore, . Iin this study,paper we analyzed the HIV epidemic among Amazonian young MSM byin employing temporal trendstrend and spatial analysis. The Brazilian Amazon region has the highest HIV/AIDS detection rate among all the other Brazilian regions. Methods: We conducted an ecologicalEcological study using reported cases of HIV/AIDS in young MSM living in Pará, the second largestlarger Brazilian Amazonian province, between 2007 and 2018. Data were obtained from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases. ForTo the temporal analysis, we employed autoregressive integrated moving average models, and seasonality and trend decomposition using locally weighted polynomial regression. To the spatial analysis, Moran’s spatial autocorrelation, spatial scan, and spatial regression techniques were used for spatial analysis.. Results: A total of 2,192 notifications were included in the study. Greater variabilityvariabilities in HIV/AIDS incidence rates waswere found in the festive months. The HIV/AIDS incidence rates exhibitedpresented an upward trend from 2013. This, and this trend is forecasted to continue until 2022. Belém, the capital of Pará, presented the highest spatial risk for HIV/AIDS and was the only city to present spatiotemporal risk from, 2014 to 2018. The geographic variation of the epidemic was associated with the number of men with formal jobs, the average salary of men, and the percentage of people over 18 years old with elementary education. Conclusion: The upward trend of HIV/AIDS incidence forecasted until 2022 and the variability of the epidemic promoted by the social determinants of health signalsbrings an alert and subsidies to health authorities. Policies Subsidies to reinforce the policies to controlagainst HIV among young MSM are urgently required.
A Transcriptome Profile Reveals The Regulatory Mechanism of Verticillium Dahliae Against Bacillus
Authors: Tian Wenhui , Cheng Zhenrui , Wang Junxia , Cheng Fengfeng , Li Luping , Huo Chunxiao , Li Wenxuan , Han Shouyan , Guo Xinyong , Wang Aiying 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Verticillium dahliae, the causal agent of Verticillium wilt, is notoriously invasive in many crops and has been involved in numerous epidemics worldwide. Bacillus species, as representatives of biocontrol bacteria, produce a variety of lipopeptides (LPs), which are useful as biofungicides to many pathogenic fungi, including Verticillium dahliae. This study will explore the mechanism of resistance of V. dahliae to Bacillus and biocontrol bacteria.Results: By using in vitro confrontation bioassays, we found that under the stress induced by Bacillus, the spore vitality of V. dahliae with larger colonies was higher, and more abundant microsclerotia were formed. Then, according to the RNA-Seq analysis, the target of rapamycin (TOR) and mitophagy pathways were enriched among the significantly upregulated 542 genes observed in two co-culture groups with different colony sizes. In addition, in the group of V. dahliae with large colonies, the pathways related to cell wall synthesis, microsclerotia formation and the clearance of reactive oxygen species were regulated, and the expression of genes was up-regulated.Conclusion: This study found that the larger colonies of V. dahliae were more resistant to the antagonistic actions of Bacillus and the likelihood of the formation of homeostasis. Therefore, the prevention of Verticillium wilt by Bacillus is more effective than the treatment of an active fungal infection. These transcriptomic insights provide direction for the use of fungicides in the prevention and treatment of diseases such as Verticillium wilt.
Improving Hybrid Models For Precipitation Forecasting By Combining Nonlinear Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Parviz Laleh , Rasouli Kabir , Torabi Ali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Precipitation forecast, especially on monthly and annual scales, is a key for optimal water resources management and planning, especially in semiarid climates with scarce water. The traditional hybrid models, in which two statistical models are used to separate and simulate linear and nonlinear components of precipitation time series, are still unable to provide accurate precipitation forecasts. This research aims to improve hybrid forecast models by combining one linear model and three nonlinear models with two preprocessing configurations: 1) using residuals of a linear model, representing the nonlinear component with different time steps and 2) using original time series of observations with different time steps, linear model simulations and residuals. Gene Expression Programming (GEP), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) models were used individually as in the traditional hybrid models and combinedly as in the proposed hybrid models in this study. The performance of the hybrid models was improved by different methods such as inverse variance (Iv) as an error-based method, least square regression, genetic algorithm and SVR. Two weather stations of Tabriz (annual) and Rasht (monthly) in Iran were selected to test the developed models. The results showed that Theil’s coefficient, UII, decreased in configuration one for the Tabriz station by 9% and 15% for SVR and GMDH relative to GEP, suggesting that these two models performed better than GEP in the precipitation forecast. The error criteria used in developing the proposed hybrid models with all forecast combination methods better represent observations than the hybrid model. MSE decreased by 67% and Nash Sutcliffe increased by 5% in the Rasht station in configuration two when we combined the three models using GA to obtain the improved hybrid model relative to the hybrid model combined with SVR. Generally, the hybrid models when SVR, the error based methods and GA were incorporated showed better performance than traditional hybrid models. The developed models have implications for modeling highly nonlinear systems using full advantages of machine learning methods.
Loss of The Phloem-Expressed Sugar Transporter VST1 Reduces Aphid Performance In Watermelon
Authors: Li Maoying , Guo Shaogui , Zhang Jie , Sun Honghe , Tian Shouwei , Wang Jinfang , Zuo Yi , Yu Yongtao , Gong Guoyi , Zhang Haiying , Ren Yi , Xu Yong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aphids can damage plants through sugar withdrawal by hijacking sugar metabolism and transport genes to increase their sugar sucking ability. Blocking plant diseases and pest access to nutrients has emerged as an exciting strategy for improving disease and insect resistance in plants. Our previous work identified a shift in the localization of the vacuolar sugar transporter (VST1) that contributes to sucrose (Suc) and glucose (Glc) unloading in the phloem of sweet watermelons. In this study, the potential role of VST1 in the response to aphid infestation was investigated. Loss of VST1 function adversely impacted aphid settling and honeydew production. The vst1 mutant displayed less aphid-induced hydrogen peroxide accumulation and cell death than wild-type (WT) plants. Additionally, the expression of the VST1 gene was induced by aphids. The mutation of VST1 reduced Suc and Glc accumulation in the phloem, indicating that Suc and Glc are important carbohydrate substrates in phloem sap that are transported by VST1 to support aphid propagation and infestation. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the mutation of VST1 by genome editing can decrease aphid performance in watermelon by blocking the sugar supply obtained from phloem sap.
Alterations of Genetic Variants and Transcriptomic Features of Response to Tamoxifen in the Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Nezamivand-Chegini Mahnaz , Kharrati-Koopaee Hamed , Heydari seyed taghi , Giahi Hasan , Dehshahri Ali , Dianatpour Mehdi , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Breast cancer is one of the most important causes of mortality in the world, and Tamoxifen therapy is known as a medication strategy for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. In current study, two hypotheses of Tamoxifen consumption in breast cancer cell line (MCF7) were investigated. First, the effect of Tamoxifen on genes expression profile at transcriptome level was evaluated between the control and treated samples. Second, due to the fact that Tamoxifen is known as a mutagenic factor, there may be an association between the alterations of genetic variants and Tamoxifen treatment, which can impact on the drug response.
Methods

In current study, the whole-transcriptome (RNA-seq) dataset of four investigations (19 samples) were derived from European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI). At transcriptome level, the effect of Tamoxifen was investigated on gene expression profile between control and treatment samples. Moreover, Tamoxifen is known as a mutagenic factor, therefore, its contribution to alterations of genetic variants and drug response were examined.
Results

Results achieved from RNA-seq analysis indicated the contribution of several candidate genes to tumor suppression process and consequently, the achievement of an effective treatment. For instance, XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) was reported as an up-regulated gene under Tamoxifen therapy. XAF1 is a tumor suppressor that contributes to the apoptosis induction and tumor growth inhibition along with TP53. Results of gene ontology enrichment analysis of differential gene expressions indicated that most of them could considerably lead to the cell death, apoptosis, and negative regulation of proteolysis process. Findings achieved from evaluating Tamoxifen mutagenicity effect on drug response was not confirmed perfectly. The most reported candidate genes, which were related to differential genetic variants between control and treated samples, played the oncogene and tumor suppressor dual roles and also their exact roles in breast cancer were not investigated precisely.
Conclusion

At transcriptome level, Tamoxifen consumption in MCF7 cell line could be associated with candidate genes and biological pathways that contribute to the apoptosis, proteolysis, and tumor suppression. The mutagenicity effect of Tamoxifen and its contribution to drug response was not confirmed perfectly.