bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedentary time is related to deficits in response inhibition among adults with overweight and obesity: An accelerometry and event‐related brain potentials study
Authors: Pindus Dominika M. , Edwards Caitlyn G. , Walk Anne M. , Reeser Ginger , Burd Nicholas A. , Holscher Hannah D. , Khan Naiman A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExcessive sedentariness has been related to poorer cognitive control in adults. Sedentariness may compound obesity‐related impairments in response inhibition, but its relationship to response inhibition remains poorly understood. This study investigated the relationship between accelerometer‐measured sedentary time (ST, min/day), performance on the Oddball and NoGo tasks, N2 and P3‐ERP indices of response inhibition and attentional control in 80 adults with overweight and obesity (55 females, Mage = 35.2 ± 5.8 years, BMI = 32.8 ± 5.3 kg/m2). ST was not related to performance on the Oddball task. However, more sedentary adults had larger P3b amplitude to targets. Higher ST was also related to increased attentional resource allocation during NoGo target and nontarget trials as indicated by higher P3b amplitudes across centroparietal sites (C1, Cz, C2, CP1, CPz, CP2; ps ≤ .03). ST was negatively indirectly related to target accuracy on NoGo trials through its association with faster response times to nontargets (95% percentile bootstrap CI for a standardized effect: −0.182, −0.014). ST was not related to N2 amplitude on either Oddball or NoGo target trials. Adjustment for moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA; all models), age (models with P3b NoGo target amplitude, N2 NoGo target amplitude and latency), and % fat mass (models with target NoGo accuracy and N2 NoGo target amplitude) did not modulate behavioral findings. MVPA did not significantly predict P3b amplitude. Our results suggest suboptimal response inhibition due to trading accuracy for speed and despite the upregulation of attentional resources among more sedentary adults with overweight and obesity.
Heat shock during in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes disturbs bta‐miR‐19b and DROSHA transcripts abundance after in vitro fertilization
Authors: Souza Vanessa das Graças Pereira de , Souza Gustavo Torres de , Lemos Diana Rangel de , Guimarães Judith Maria de Oliveira , Quintão Carolina Capobiango Romano , Munk Michele , Saraiva Naiara Zoccal , Camargo Luiz Sérgio de Almeida 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non‐coding RNAs important for embryo development, the relationship between them and heat stress during oocyte maturation has not yet been established. This study investigated the effect of heat shock during in vitro maturation (IVM) on the abundance of bta‐miR‐20a, −27b, −103, −21‐5p, −19b, −1246 miRNAs and DROSHA and DICER1 mRNAs, previously reported for being involved in oocyte maturation, response to heat stress and miRNA biogenesis. Oocytes were exposed for 12h to heat shock during IVM, fertilized in vitro and the presumptive zygotes cultured for eight days. The relative quantification of miRNAs and mRNAs was performed by real‐time PCR in vitro‐matured oocytes and 8‐cell stage embryos. Progression of meiosis, embryonic development and apoptotic indices was also evaluated. Heat shock compromised (p < .05) oocyte nuclear maturation, cleavage and embryo development, with a higher (p < .05) embryonic apoptotic index than the control group. The abundance of bta‐miR‐19b increased (p < .05) whereas the abundance of DROSHA transcripts decreased (p < .05) in embryos derived from heat‐shocked oocytes. In conclusion, heat shock during IVM influences the abundance of bta‐miR‐19b and DROSHA in pre‐implantation embryos, indicating a persistent effect of heat shock that can be associated with impaired embryo development.
G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor 1 inhibits the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of goat mammary epithelial cells via NF‐κB signalling pathway
Authors: Zhao Ying , Yang Zhenshan , Miao Yuyang , Fan Mingzhen , Zhao Xiaoe , Wei Qiang , Ma Baohua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMastitis is one of the most frequent clinical diseases in dairy animals. Epithelial cells undergoing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) promote the process of mastitis. Oestrogen deficiency is disadvantaged of many tissue inflammation and regeneration, while exogenous oestrogen treatment can reverse these effects. G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) is a membrane estrogen receptor. However, the potential effects of oestrogen via GPER1 on EMT in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) are still unclear. Here, this study discovered that the activation of GPER1 by oestrogen could inhibit the EMT in GMECs via NF‐κB signalling pathway. The activation of GPER1 by oestrogen inhibited the EMT accompanied by upregulation of E‐cadherin and downregulation of N‐cadherin and vimentin. Meanwhile, mRNA expression of transcription factors including Snail1 and ZEB1 was decreased. Further, like to oestrogen, GPER1 agonist G1 repressed the EMT progression. Conversely, GPER1 antagonist G15 reversed all these features induced by oestrogen. What's more, GPER1 silencing with shRNA promoted GMECs undergoing EMT. Additionally, oestrogen increased the phosphorylation of Erk1/2, which then decreased the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF‐κB, inhibiting the NF‐κB signalling pathway activity. Taken, GPER1 may act as a suppressor through the regulation of EMT to prevent the development of mastitis.
True substrates: The exceptional resolution and unexceptional preservation of deep time snapshots on bedding surfaces
Authors: Davies Neil S. , Shillito Anthony P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRock outcrops of the sedimentary–stratigraphic record often reveal bedding planes that can be considered to be true substrates: preserved surfaces that demonstrably existed at the sediment–water or sediment–air interface at the time of deposition. These surfaces have high value as repositories of palaeoenvironmental information, revealing fossilized snapshots of microscale topography from deep time. Some true substrates are notable for their sedimentary, palaeontological and ichnological signatures that provide windows into key intervals of Earth history, but countless others occur routinely throughout the sedimentary–stratigraphic record. They frequently reveal patterns that are strikingly familiar from modern sedimentary environments, such as ripple marks, animal trackways, raindrop impressions or mudcracks: all phenomena that are apparently ephemeral in modern settings, and which form on recognizably human timescales. This paper sets out to explain why these short‐term, transient, small‐scale features are counter‐intuitively abundant within a 3.8 billion year‐long sedimentary–stratigraphic record that is known to be inherently time‐incomplete. True substrates are fundamentally related to a state of stasis in ancient sedimentation systems, and distinguishable from other types of bedding surfaces that formed from a dominance of states of deposition or erosion. Stasis is shown to play a key role in both their formation and preservation, rendering them faithful and valuable archives of palaeoenvironmental and temporal information. Further, the intersection between the time–length scale of their formative processes and outcrop expressions can be used to explain why they are so frequently encountered in outcrop investigations. Explaining true substrates as inevitable and unexceptional by‐products of the accrual of the sedimentary–stratigraphic record should shift perspectives on what can be understood about Earth history from field studies of the sedimentary–stratigraphic record. They should be recognized as providing high‐definition information about the mundane day to day operation of ancient environments, and critically assuage the argument that the incomplete sedimentary–stratigraphic record is unrepresentative of the geological past.
Circulating microRNAs after a 24‐h ultramarathon run in relation to muscle damage markers in elite athletes
Authors: Chalchat Emeric , Charlot Keyne , Garcia‐Vicencio Sebastian , Hertert Pierre , Baugé Stéphane , Bourdon Stéphanie , Bompard Julie , Farges Cédric , Martin Vincent , Bourrilhon Cyprien , Siracusa Julien 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUltra‐endurance sports are growing in popularity but can be associated with adverse health effects, such as exercise‐induced muscle damage (EIMD), which can lead to exertional rhabdomyolysis. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) may be useful to approach the degree of EIMD. We aimed to (1) investigate the relevance of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of muscle damage and (2) examine the acute response of skeletal/cardiac muscle and kidney biomarkers to a 24‐h run in elite athletes. Eleven elite athletes participated in the 24‐h run World Championships. Counter‐movement jump (CMJ), creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (Mb), creatinine (Cr), high‐sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT), and muscle‐specific miRNA (myomiR) levels were measured before, immediately after, and 24 and 48h after the race. CMJ height was reduced immediately after the race (−84.0 ± 25.2%, p < 0.001) and remained low at 24 h (−43.6 ± 20.4%, p = 0.002). We observed high CK activity (53 239 ± 63 608 U/L, p < 0.001) immediately after the race, and it remained elevated 24h after (p < 0.01). Circulating myomiR levels (miR‐1‐3p, miR‐133a‐3p, miR‐133b, miR‐208a‐3p, miR‐208b‐3p, and miR‐499a‐5p) were elevated immediately after the 24‐h run (fold changes: 18–124,723, p<0.001) and significantly (p < 0.05) correlated or tended to significantly (p < 0.07) correlate with the reduction in CMJ height at 24 h. We found no significant correlation between CMJ height loss at 24 h and CK (p = 0.23) or Mb (p = 0.41) values. All elite ultramarathon runners included in our study were diagnosed with exertional rhabdomyolysis after the 24‐h ultramarathon race. MyomiR levels may be useful to approach the degree of muscle damage.
Going against the grain: Unravelling the habitus of older farmers to help facilitate generational renewal in agriculture
Authors: Conway Shane Francis , McDonagh John , Farrell Maura , Kinsella Anne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLimited uptake of financial incentives, designed to confront global trends of an ageing farming population and low levels of land mobility, reveal resistance or at best ambivalence, amongst farmers towards altering existing farm management and ownership structures in later life. To uncover facets governing the mindset, disposition and practices of older farmers towards succession and retirement, this study draws on Bourdieu's notion of habitus. A multi‐method triangulation methodology is employed to obtain in‐depth understandings of the senior generation's deeply embedded views, and the changes they perceive will occur upon their engagement in the process. Findings reveal that the attitudes and behaviour required to ‘step aside’ and retire from farming not only ‘go against the grain’ of the older farmers’ habitus, appearing to be instinctively ‘wrong’, they also appear incompatible with what is necessary to earn recognition as a ‘good farmer’. The article concludes by recommending that a shift in thinking towards succession and retirement must be confronted at an earlier life stage in order to inculcate a new farming habitus. In doing this, long‐term resolutions through generating a regularised, accepted and well‐regarded practice of intergenerational farm transfer within the farming community would be promoted.
Reconstructing craton‐scale tectonic events via in situ Rb‐Sr geochronology of poly‐phased vein mineralization
Authors: Tillberg Mikael , Drake Henrik , Zack Thomas , Hogmalm Johan , Kooijman Ellen , Åström Mats 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFault‐ and fracture‐hosted multi‐stage mineral assemblages that formed by fracture reactivation and fluid migration, constitute archives of the tectonic evolution of Precambrian cratons. Complex intergrowth patterns of these mineral records often hinder absolute dating of mineralization events for geological models. We apply LA‐ICP‐MS/MS in situ Rb‐Sr dating of single crystal growth zones in sub‐mm‐wide vein mineralization assemblages including illite, K‐feldspar, albite, calcite, mica, zeolites, fluorite and/or epidote at three Palaeoproterozoic crystalline bedrock sites over 300 km apart in the Fennoscandian Shield. The dating campaign reveals multiple age clusters between ca. 1757 ± 15 and 355 ± 12 Ma correlating with fluid flow and fracture reactivation events initiated by far‐field orogens and their foreland basin evolution. This new approach for reconstructing geological histories of Precambrian cratons connects micro‐scale age determinations of different mineral growth zones in fractures with regional‐scale crustal dynamic responses to tectonic events.
A eulogy for Dr Francisco Miguel Marty Forero
Authors: Koo Sophia , Bold Tyler D. , Cheng Matthew Pellan , Farmakiotis Dimitrios , Hill Joshua A. , Knoll Bettina , Koullias Yiannis , Letourneau Alyssa R. , Little Jessica , Moulton Elizabeth A. , Weiss Zoe Freeman , Hammond Sarah P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs some of those who were lucky enough to have been mentored by Dr Francisco Marty in transplant infectious diseases, we stand with the larger medical community in mourning his untimely death and in commemorating him as a uniquely exceptional and talented physician, investigator, teacher, mentor, friend, artist, and human being.
MeRAV5 promotes drought stress resistance in cassava by modulating hydrogen peroxide and lignin accumulation
Authors: Yan Yu , Wang Peng , Lu Yi , Bai Yujing , Wei Yunxie , Liu Guoyin , Shi Haitao 
Published: May 2021

SUMMARYCassava, an important food and energy crop, is relatively more resistant to drought stress than other crops. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this resistance remains elusive. Herein, we report that silencing a drought stress‐responsive transcription factor MeRAV5 significantly reduced drought stress resistance, with higher levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and less lignin during drought stress. Yeast two‐hybrid, pull down and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) showed that MeRAV5 physically interacted with peroxidase (MePOD) and lignin‐related cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 15 (MeCAD15) in vitro and in vivo. MeRAV5 promoted the activities of both MePOD and MeCAD15 to affect H2O2 and endogenous lignin accumulation respectively, which are important in drought stress resistance in cassava. When either MeCAD15 or MeRAV5 was silenced, or both were co‐silenced, cassava showed lower lignin content and drought‐sensitive phenotype, whereas exogenous lignin alkali treatment increased drought stress resistance and alleviated the drought‐sensitive phenotype of these silenced cassava plants. This study documents that the modulation of H2O2 and lignin by MeRAV5 is essential for drought stress resistance in cassava.
Characterizing the molecular and immune landscape of canine bladder cancer
Authors: Cronise Kathryn E. , Das Sunetra , Hernandez Belen G. , Regan Daniel P. , Dailey Deanna D. , McGeachan Robert I. , Lana Susan E. , Page Rodney L. , Gustafson Daniel L. , Duval Dawn L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTransitional cell carcinoma (TCC), also known as urothelial carcinoma, is the most common bladder cancer in humans and dogs. Approximately one‐quarter of human TCCs are muscle‐invasive and associated with a high risk of death from metastasis. Canine TCC (cTCC) tumours are typically high‐grade and muscle‐invasive. Shared similarities in risk factors, histopathology, and clinical presentation suggest that cTCC may serve as a model for the assessment of novel therapeutics that may inform therapies for human muscle‐invasive TCC. The goal of this study was to characterize cTCC at the molecular level to identify drivers of oncogenesis and druggable targets. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) of 11 cTCC tumours and three matched normal samples, identifying 583 variants in protein‐coding genes. The most common variant was a V‐to‐E missense mutation in BRAF, identified in 4 out of 11 samples (36%) via WES. Sanger sequencing identified BRAF variants in 8 out of the same 11 cTCC samples, as well as in 22 out of 32 formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) cTCC samples, suggesting an overall prevalence of 70%. RNA‐Seq was performed to compare the gene expression profiles of cTCC tumours to normal bladder tissue. cTCC tumours exhibited up‐regulation of genes involved in the cell cycle, DNA repair, and antiviral immunity. We also analysed the immune landscape of cTCC using immune gene signatures and immunohistochemical analysis. A subset of tumours had characteristics of a hot tumour microenvironment and exhibited high expression of signatures associated with complete response to PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade in human bladder cancer.
Serial-robot Wrist-singularity Mitigation Along Alternative Optimally Adjusted Paths
Authors: Milenkovic Paul H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Adjusting the displacement path of a serial robot encountering the wrist singularity to pass either through the singularity or around it mitigates its adverse effects. Both such path adjustments are commonly called singularity avoidance and are applied here to either a spherical or an offset wrist. These adjustments avoid high joint rates that can occur at singularity encounter. A recent through-the singularity method limits joint rates and accelerations in the robot with either a spherical or offset wrist when conducting a constant rate of traversal of the tool manipulated by the robot. A kinematic model adding multiple virtual joints allows a modified high-order path-following algorithm to maintain accurate tool position while achieving an optimal level of tool deviation in orientation. Whereas a path reversal resulting from a turning-point type singularity had been revealed for an offset wrist over a finite range of close-approach, these conditions are met when connecting the isolated path segments. Procedures are developed here with this capability for an around-the-singularity path. Choosing between the through and around-singularity alternatives offers the overall optimum.
Geometric Nonlinear Effect on Biaxial Bending Strength of Thin Silicon Die in the Ball-on-Ring Test
Authors: Tsai M. Y. , Liu H. Y. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The ball-on-ring (BoR) test, one of the most popular biaxial bending tests, is thoroughly investigated in this study for determining the bending strength of thin silicon dies. The application of this test method with a linear theory to the thin dies is also reevaluated using a nonlinear finite element method (NFEM) by taking into account the geometric nonlinearities, including large-deflection (global) and contact (local) nonlinearities. Mechanics of the BoR test is also discussed in terms of geometric linearity and nonlinearity. It is found that the bending strength calculated by the existing linear theory for the BoR test is still valid for the nonthin die specimens, but not for thin ones. The reason is that the thin-die specimens in the test suffer a contact-nonlinearity effect, due to a maximum applied stress moving away from the loading pin center during the loading process. The global geometric nonlinear (large-deflection) behavior occurring in the three-point bending test is not observed in the test. For applications, the fitting equations of the maximum stress in terms of applied load are proposed based on the NFEM results. Those fitting equations only depend on the specimen thickness, the head radius of the loading pin, and the elastic modulus of the specimen, but not on the specimen radius, a supporting ring radius and the head radius of the ring. The 110 μm and 160 μm-thick silicon dies in the BoR test are also demonstrated with the related fitting equations.
Holocene sedimentary architecture and paleoclimate variability at Mono Lake, California
Authors: Zimmerman* S.R.H. , Hemming S.R. , Starratt S.W. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Mono Lake occupies an internally drained basin on the eastern flank of the Sierra Nevada, and it is sensitive to climatic changes affecting precipitation in the mountains (largely delivered in the form of snowpack). Efforts to recover cores from the lake have been impeded by coarse tephra erupted from the Mono Craters, and by disruption of the lake floor due to the uplift of Paoha Island ~300 yr ago. In this study, we describe the stratigraphy of cores from three recent campaigns, in 2007, 2009, and 2010, and the extents and depths of the tephras and disturbed sediments. In the most successful of these cores, BINGO-MONO10-4A-1N (BINGO/10-4A, 2.8 m water depth), we used core stratigraphy, geochemistry, radiocarbon dates, and tephrostratigraphy to show that the core records nearly all of the Holocene in varying proportions of detrital, volcanic, and authigenic sediment. Both the South Mono tephra of ca. 1350 cal yr B.P. (calibrated years before A.D. 1950) and the 600-yr-old North Mono–Inyo tephra are present in the BINGO/10-4A core, as are several older, as-yet-unidentified tephras. Laminated muds are inferred to indicate a relatively deep lake (≥10 m over the core site) during the Early Holocene, similar to many records across the region during that period. The Middle and Late Holocene units are more coarsely bedded, and coarser grain size and greater and more variable amounts of authigenic carbonate detritus in this interval are taken to suggest lower lake levels, possibly due to lower effective wetness. A very low lake level, likely related to extreme drought, is inferred to have occurred sometime between 3500 and 2100 cal yr B.P. This interval likely corresponds to the previously documented Marina Low Stand and the regional Late Holocene Dry Period. The BINGO/10-4A core does not preserve a complete record of the period encompassing the Medieval Climate Anomaly, the Little Ice Age, and the historical period, probably due to erosion because of its nearshore position.
Male to hermaphrodite sex change in gametophytes of the fernCeratopteris richardiiis affected by hermaphrodite density, male age, and male size
Authors: Ganger Michael T. , Wilczynski Sam , Bronder Melissa 
Published: May 2021

Gametophytes of the fern Ceratopteris richardii Brongn. are either male or hermaphrodite. The presence of hermaphrodite-secreted antheridiogen influences gametophytes to develop as male (induction), while its absence leads to hermaphrodite development. Males require the continued presence of antheridiogen to remain male. Removal of males from antheridiogen leads to sex change (conversion) of males to hermaphrodites. The density of hermaphrodites that males were exposed to and the amount of time males were exposed to antheridiogen were experimentally manipulated to determine whether conversion time was affected. Analysis of covariance was employed with male size serving as a covariate. The results suggest that males continuously sample the neighborhood for information regarding the density of hermaphrodites by perceiving hermaphrodite-secreted antheridiogen, then use this information to determine whether to convert to hermaphrodite. Larger males converted faster than smaller males, suggesting a potential for smaller males to remain male once larger males convert. Conversion time was longer in males grown in higher densities of hermaphrodites and shorter in males exposed to antheridiogen for a longer time, suggesting that males increase sensitivity to antheridiogen with higher doses but decrease sensitivity as they age. It is thought that such “decision making” is important for C. richardii populations to maintain beneficial sex ratios.
On the existence of marginally trapped tubes in spacetimes with local rotational symmetry
Authors: Sherif Abbas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLet M be a locally rotationally symmetric spacetime with at least one of the rotation or spatial twist being non-zero. It is proved that M cannot admit a non-minimal marginally trapped tube of the form $$\chi =X(t)$$

χ
=
X
(
t
)

.