bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zebrafish and Drosophila as Model Systems for Studying the Impact of Microplastics and Nanoplastics ‐ A Systematic Review
Authors: Sankar Sudharsan , Chandrasekaran Natarajan , Meivelu Moovendhan  , Parvathi Venkatachalam Deepa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMicroplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are byproducts of plastics created to benefit humanity, but improper disposal and inadequate recycling have turned them into a global menace that we can no longer conceal. As they interact with all living organisms, including humans, their mechanism of interaction and their perilous impact must be meticulously investigated. To uncover the secrets of MNPs, there must be model systems that exist to interlink the two major scenarios: they must represent the environmental impact and be relevant to humans. Therefore, zebrafish and Drosophila are perfect to describe these two cases, as they are well studied and relatable to humans. In this review, 39% zebrafish studies reported higher mortality and hatching rates at greater MNP concentrations, severe oxidative stress as seen by raised malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. About 50% of studies showed severe neurotoxic behavior with drop of locomotor activity, suggesting neurotoxicity. MNPs have a significant impact on fertility rate of Drosophila. More than half of the studies revealed genotoxicity in Drosophila as observed by wing spot assays and modified genomic expressions associated with stress and detoxification processes. These findings emphasize the potential of MNPs to bioaccumulate, impair physiological systems, and cause oxidative and neurobehavioral damage. This study underscores the importance for thorough risk evaluations of MNPs and their environmental and health consequences.
Portulaca oleracea Extract Ameliorates Testosterone Propionate‐Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Male Sprague‐Dawley Rats
Authors: Lim Young‐Ju , Kim Hye Rim , Lee Seul Bi , Kim Sang Back , Kim Dong‐Hee , So Jae‐Hyun , Kang Kyung‐Ku , Sung Soo‐Eun , Choi Joo‐Hee , Sung Minkyoung , Lee Yeon‐Ji , Park Wook‐Tae , Lee Gun Woo , Kim Seul‐Ki , Seo Min‐Soo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a distressing health problem that can cause serious complications in aging men. Androgens are implicated in the causation of BPH. Portulaca oleracea (PO) is a natural product with diverse pharmacological effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of PO in a rat model of testosterone propionate (TP)‐induced BPH and explore the underlying mechanisms. Thirty‐five Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats were divided into the following equal groups (n = 7): normal control (NC) group, TP (3 mg/kg) group, finasteride (10 mg/kg) group, 25 and 50 mg/kg PO groups.At the end of the experiment, the body weights (BWs) of the rats were measured before they were euthanized to the establishment obtain serum and prostate weight (PW). TP‐induced levels of androgen‐related proteins in the prostate were also investigated. In the TP group, prostate size, BW, serum DHT level, prostate epithelial cell thickness and androgen‐related protein level were higher than those in the NC group (p < 0.001). PO reversed TP‐induced BPH in a dose‐dependent manner (p < 0.01) and its effect was similar to that of finasteride. A similar effect of PO on the androgen‐related protein level was also observed. We successfully established a TP‐induced BPH rat model. This is the first study to demonstrate that inhibition of androgen‐related proteins using PO can alleviate BPH.
Risk of venous thromboembolic complications in pregnant trauma patients: A matched cohort study
Authors: Huang Wei , Cho Edward , Lewis Meghan , Siletz Anaar , Jin Feifei , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundTrauma and pregnancy are both risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE). We hypothesized that pregnant blunt trauma patients would have a higher incidence of VTE complications compared with matched nonpregnant females.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using National Trauma Data Bank data from 2017 to 2022. Female patients with blunt mechanism, age between 15 and 50 years old, were eligible for inclusion. Patients who presented as transfers, hospitalized for less than 72 h, discharged against medical advice, injury severity score <9, or abbreviated injury scale = 6 of any region were excluded. Pregnant patients were matched 1:2 with nonpregnant female patients by age, injury characteristics, comorbidities, and type and timing of chemical VTE prophylaxis. The primary outcomes were the incidences of VTE, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE). Secondary outcomes included other complications and length of stay.ResultsWe included 735 pregnant and 1470 matched nonpregnant controls. The median time to initiate chemical VTE prophylaxis was 33 h in pregnant and 34 h in nonpregnant patients (p = 0.42). The incidence of VTE in pregnant blunt trauma patients was 27 (3.7%) versus 45 (3.1%) in matched controls (p = 0.446). There were no significant differences in DVT, PE, or any other complication or mortality or in ICU or hospital length of stay. Unplanned admissions to the ICU were significantly more frequent in pregnant patients (3.8% vs. 2.2% and p = 0.026).ConclusionThe incidence of VTE complications was similar in pregnant and matched nonpregnant female blunt trauma patients in this retrospective cohort study, supporting the safety of current VTE prophylaxis practices in pregnant patients.
Case Study 3: A Recent Riddle: The Story of the Two Fisherboys
Authors: Tummers Anna , Wallert Arie , De Keyser Nouchka 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe painting Two Fisherboys has long caused confusion among experts: Is it an original Frans Hals? Or rather a forgery? A close comparison of the painting with both a forgery by Han van Meegeren and Frans Hals’s Fisherboy solved the conundrum while providing valuable insights into the merits and drawback of modern analytical techniques.
Connoisseurship and Smart Tools
Authors: G. Erdmann Robert , Tummers Anna , Grison Marie-Noëlle 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs the Frans Hals & Co case study (see Chap. 6) comprises six huge paintings and the new techniques used to study these yield enormous amounts of data, it soon became clear that data science and computer tools would make a substantial difference in facilitating and enhancing the analysis. It was the reason to start the Seed Money Project 21st Century Connoisseurship: Smart Tools for the Analysis of Seventeenth-Century Paintings (2018–2022), funded by the Netherlands Institute for Conservation, Art and Science (NICAS). Building on very high resolution photographs and advanced technical analyses, online computer tools are causing a turning point in the early twenty-first century. For the first time in history, it has become easier to study paintings online than offline. This chapter focuses on the different computer tools that have been developed and adjusted to the study the large amount of data generated in the context of the Frans Hals or not Frans Hals project and discusses their respective applications.
Assessing and Contextualizing Site-Specific Landslide Risk in the Philippines
Authors: Cordero Cathleen Joyce , Gesmundo Kenneth , Daag Arturo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs an attempt to understand and reflect on the unique circumstances of communities in assessing landslide risk, the Dynaslope Project, under the Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (DOST-PHIVOLCS), conducts community landslide risk assessment (CLRA). It is a participatory process of assessing landslide hazards, exposure, vulnerabilities, and capacities of at-risk communities. CLRA includes hazard assessment, participatory community workshops, focus group discussions, and surveys. Risk components are assessed, and results are integrated through a semi-quantitative method that utilizes a scoring system with equivalent categorical labels, i.e., low, moderate, and high, to classify each risk component and the overall landslide risk. It was first conducted in four project sites. Priorities of the communities are taken into account in the assessment by letting them identify and validate the elements-at-risk, vulnerability, and capacity indicators, and the corresponding weights used in the scoring system. The results are presented in household-level risk maps and landslide risk assessment reports. Participatory identification of risk indicators helps in drawing out different community contexts which is useful in developing site-specific risk management strategies and actions.
The 6th World Landslide Forum (WLF6), Florence, 2023
Authors: Tofani Veronica , Sassa Kyoji , Canuti Paolo , Bandecchi Anna Elisa , Gargini Elisa , Casagli Nicola 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe 6th World Landslide Forum “Landslides Science for sustainable development” (WLF6; https://wlf6.org) was held in Florence from November 14 to 17, 2023. The Forum was focused on Landslide Science for Sustainable Development, as a contribution to the Kyoto 2020 Commitment for global promotion of understanding and reducing landslide disaster risk (KLC2020). The Forum addressed key aspects related to landslide analysis, landslide monitoring and early warning, landslide modeling, landslide hazard and risk assessment, mitigation techniques, landslide triggering mechanism and climate change. The WLF6 was attended by more than 1200 participants from 61 countries. 853 abstracts were accepted, including 643 oral presentations and 210 e-posters. The 6th World Landslide Forum was awarded the Medal of the President of the Italian Republic, which is awarded for events of great scientific and cultural importance. Furthermore, the Forum was a sustainable event in line with the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals.
Time and Site Prediction of a Potential Large-Scale Landslides and the AR (Augmented Reality) Presentation for Early Warning
Authors: Araki Koichi , Takimoto Keisuke , Yamazaki Yoichi , Loi Doan Huy , Konagai Kazuo , Sassa Kyoji 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo protect oneself from large-scale landslides, it is crucial to promote evacuation actions by notifying the predicted occurrence time and location of the landslide. This paper reports on an early warning information delivery system called AR presentation for early warning, targeting large-scale landslides induced by heavy rain. The AR presentation for early warning previously registers the landslide occurrence time and the landslide runout extent obtained from simulations. It then determines whether a landslide will occur based on predicted rainfall and displays the predicted landslide occurrence time and landslide runout extent on web browsers using Augmented Reality technology. Using the large-scale landslide in Aranayaka as a case study, it was confirmed through AR presentation for early warning that this landslide occurred 12 h after the predicted start time.
An Approach to Rockfall Hazard Scenarios Based on Earthquake Ground Motion
Authors: Peresan Antonella , Alvioli Massimiliano , Zuccolo Elisa , Vaccari Franco , Badreldin Hazem 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAfter an earthquake event, major ground effects include landslides. In Italy, the most common type of earthquake-induced landslides are rockfalls. The assessment of the extent and magnitude of an earthquake-induced landslide event may be of importance for both preparedness and response operations. An earlier work devised a modeling chain including an empirical ground shaking scenario and a three-dimensional model for rockfalls, which can be calibrated and possibly applied in real time after an earthquake event. In this study, we explore the combined use of two physics-based methods for both earthquake and rockfall modeling and their possible contribution towards a better understanding of the triggering mechanisms and characterization of seismically induced rockfalls. Specifically, by modeling a set of ground shaking scenarios, which account for increasingly complex details (including multiple seismic events, as well as point and extended sources) and the related rockfall scenarios, we aim to capture the main spatial patterns of observed rockfalls. Application of the proposed modeling chain suggests an advantage of using multiple sources over a single source, and point sources with respect to approximate extended representations when constrained by limited available data. This follows from the comparison of rockfall trajectory simulations for the Friuli 1976 event in Northern Italy with observed rockfalls induced by the seismic sequence. The obtained results evidence the opportunity of including topographic effects in the ground shaking simulations and highlights the possibility of further investigating the cumulative effect of complex seismic sequences and their influence on modulating landslide susceptibility.
Subsystem QPLEX Calculus
Authors: Dieker Antonius B. , Hackman Steven T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter develops a decomposition technique that can be used to circumvent the curse of dimensionality for counters. It can be viewed as a step towards more general techniques to be presented in subsequent chapters in Part II. The basic idea underlying the decomposition technique applies to QPLEX maps using either simple or advanced transition dynamics. To ease notational burdens, we work with QPLEX maps defined by simple transition dynamics.
Optimality of QPLEX Iterates
Authors: Dieker Antonius B. , Hackman Steven T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter rigorously defines and establishes properties of the compression, multinomial lift, kernel, and QPLEX maps, as well as two new maps, the label conditional independence and multinomial projection maps. We use these properties to establish what we call period-by-period optimality of the QPLEX iterates.
Advanced Transition Dynamics
Authors: Dieker Antonius B. , Hackman Steven T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter extends the QPLEX calculus to a larger universe of abstract models by using model primitives different from those used for simple transition dynamics. We say that such models have advanced transition dynamics. The model primitives extend those for simple transition dynamics in three key ways: general completion categories, flexible routing, and general entity types.
Introduction: Poetic Promises—Austin Meets Nietzsche
Authors: Mills Philip 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
What can poetry bring to the philosophy of language? Little, if we believe John L. Austin’s exclusion of poetry and other so-called parasitic utterances from his consideration in How to Do Things with Words. And he is not the only one to operate such an exclusion as most contemporary (analytic) philosophers of language seem to leave poetic utterances aside (or reduce them to metaphors or fictional utterances). Contra Austin, I believe that Ordinary Language Philosophy (OLP), represented by Ludwig Wittgenstein and Stanley Cavell in addition to Austin and others, has the potential to become a poetic philosophy of language. Poets and literary theorists have been quick to receive and adapt Austin’s speech-act theory to the study of literature and, through this adaptation, have contaminated his theory with the poetic and the literary. What can OLP bring to the study of poetry? And what does OLP look like through the lens of poetry? These questions will guide my reflections throughout this book.
Austin’s Parasites and the Resistance of Poetry
Authors: Mills Philip 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The performative dimension of language anticipated by Nietzsche and theorised by Austin reveals that our uses of language have effects in the world and that mastering a language is a way of controlling these effects to a certain extent. In Wittgenstein’s words: ‘To understand a language means to have mastered a technique’ (PI 199). Mastering a language is not just a matter of grammar and vocabulary but a pragmatic understanding of how to do things with words. This is Austin’s discovery: when we use language, we are not only describing the world but we are doing something to it. And when we do something, we usually do it with a certain intention that is either located in the action itself or a means to do something else (two of the aspects of Elizabeth Anscombe’s analysis of intention). I will come back to intentionality in Chap. 3 as it is crucial to understand Austin’s distinction between illocutionary and perlocutionary forces. Both forces however show that our uses of language are doing, or failing to do, what we had intended, with varying degrees of intentionality and control.
Metabolomic profile and its association with the diagnosis of prostate cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Salinas Pita Angela Patricia , Mosquera Escudero Mildrey , Jiménez-Charris Eliecer , García-Perdomo Herney Andrés 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine the association of a metabolomic profile with the diagnosis of localized prostate cancer.

Methods
We conducted a search strategy in MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, LILACS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from 2008 to the present. We included Clinical trials and analytical and descriptive observational studies that reported metabolite results and metabolite profiles in serum, tissue, urine, and seminal fluid. All studies used metabolomic techniques such as MS and MRI to identify patients with localized prostate cancer compared with patients without cancer. We used QUADAS 2 to assess the risk of bias.

Results
We found 1248 studies with the search strategy. Finally, 14 case–control studies were included. Serum was the primary sample to identify the metabolites. Low concern was found regarding applying the index test and the reference standard in assessing the risk of bias. The metabolites of interest associated with establishing a metabolomic profile in the diagnosis of localized prostate cancer were amino acids, lipids, androgens, estrogens, nucleotides, and histidine metabolism.

Conclusion
Disturbances in the metabolism of fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides, and steroid hormones were identified, suggesting the presence of localized prostate cancer. Importantly, serum samples showed an increase in amino acid levels. Glutamate and aspartic acid stand out among the amino acids that register high levels. In addition, glycine and serine were consistently decreased metabolites in the three kinds of biological samples analyzed.
Scoliosis development in 5q-spinal muscular atrophy under disease modifying therapies
Authors: Vu-Han Tu-Lan , Weiß Claudia , Köhli Paul , Schönnagel Lukas , Perka Carsten , Pumberger Matthias 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
5q-spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a treatable neuromuscular disorder associated with scoliosis in up to 90% of patients. New SMA therapies could mark a paradigm shift in scoliosis management, but their effects on scoliosis development remain unclear. This study aims to observe scoliosis progression in the current treatment landscape to inform management strategies.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective analysis of 94 SMA patients treated at our center. Scoliosis development was evaluated in 75 patients using spine radiographs and electronic health records. Statistical analysis was performed using Python and GraphPad Prism. One-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation were used for group comparisons and correlation analysis, respectively.

Results
Scoliosis parameters in 5q-SMA patients who had received either nusinersen, onasemnogene abeparvovec, risdiplam, or their combinations showed mean ages at scoliosis detection were 23.94, 55.52, and 168.11 months for SMA types 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Cobb angles at detection showed no significant intergroup differences. The mean ages at scoliosis surgery were 60, 88.43, and 124.8 months. Pelvic obliquity (PO) was highest in type 1 and lowest in type 3. A strong correlation (r = 0.9) was found between PO measurement techniques. HFMSE scores correlated moderately with scoliosis severity (r = -0.38), while CHOP-INTEND showed no correlation.

Conclusion
The observations made in this study suggest that the effects of SMA therapies do not prevent scoliosis development. The improved prognosis may lead to a growing cohort of SMA type 1 and 2 patients with early onset scoliosis who require early growth-friendly surgical interventions.
Addressing life history information gaps for Caribbean parrotfishes: queen parrotfish Scarus vetula and stoplight parrotfish Sparisoma viride
Authors: Rivera Hernández Jesús M. , Shervette Virginia R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Queen parrotfish Scarus vetula and stoplight parrotfish Sparisoma viride are widely distributed throughout the subtropical/tropical regions of the northwestern Atlantic, play important ecological roles in reef ecosystems, and contribute to small-scale commercial landings within several Caribbean management jurisdictions. Prior to this work, no comprehensive life history information existed for either species that combined otolith analysis and gonad histology. Queen parrotfish (n = 390) and stoplight parrotfish (n = 1801) were sampled throughout the U.S. Caribbean from 2013 to 2023. Queen parrotfish range in size from 82 to 402 mm FL and age from 0 to 16 years; stoplight parrotfish ranged from 73 to 433 mm FL and 0 to 20 years. Growth parameter estimates for queen parrotfish were L
∞ = 347 mm FL and K = 0.42, when t
0 was fixed to −0.06; for stoplight parrotfish, L
∞ = 332 mm FL and K = 0.39, with a fixed t
0 of −0.06. All female queen parrotfish transitioned to males by a maximum length and age of 322 mm FL and 14 years. In contrast, not all female stoplight parrotfish transitioned to males since the largest and oldest individuals sampled were females. Spawning capable queen parrotfish females were collected from November to August indicating a protracted spawning season of 10 months. Stoplight parrotfish exhibited year-round spawning with >50% of mature females in the spawning capable phase during all months of the year. Based on our overall findings related to life history, queen parrotfish and stoplight parrotfish in the U.S. Caribbean did not appear to exhibit signs of overexploitation which may in part relate to U.S. Caribbean management efforts currently in place that limit the minimum mesh size for traps (which ensures that smaller fish can escape from the traps), a ban on using gillnets to target parrotfish species, and the market driven targeting of “plate-size” fish by commercial spearfishers. The life history information documented in the current study will provide essential information for stock assessments and informed management in the U.S. Caribbean for these two important parrotfish species.
Nitrite electrochemical sensing using Cu centred porphyrin functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Samuel Zipho , Jokazi Mbulelo , Nwahara Nnamdi , Nyokong Tebello 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFree base and Cu(II)5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris(4-bromophenyl)porphyrin were synthesized and used to functionalize TiO2 nanoparticles. The porphyrins and conjugates were used to modify glassy carbon electrode for use as electrocatalysts for the electrochemical sensing of nitrite. The nanoparticles were synthesized via sol–gel procedure. The free base porphyrin was synthesized via a modified Adler-Longo method followed by metallation with Cu(II). The functionalization was done by directly linking the metallated porphyrin and nanoparticles via an ester bond. The synthesized porphyrins were characterized with ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry which showed the expected bands; metallated (B band at 418 nm and Q band at 538 nm) and unmetallated (B band at 417 nm and Q bands at 511, 549, 587 and 645 nm). The limit of detection and catalytic rate constant of the electrocatalyst for nitrite sensing when using Cu-porphyrin linked to TiO2 nanoparticles were 1.41×10-3 μM and 7.46 ×102 M−1 s-1, respectively and comparably better than some of the previously reported nitrite electrocatalysts.
Graphical abstract