bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Follicular development in livestock: Influencing factors and underlying mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Gong Shuai , Su Yanping , Yao Minhua , Liu Xiaocui , Gong Zhaoqing , Sui Hongshu , Luo Mingjiu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLivestock farming development has become increasingly important in recent years. It not only provides us with meat nutrition and pet feeding but also increases the economic value by providing numerous employment opportunities, which improves our life quality. The livestock farming development depends on successful animal reproduction. As a vital process in animal reproduction, folliculogenesis and its influencing factors as well as their underlying mechanisms need to be understood thoroughly. This review is aimed at summarizing the factors such as cellular processes, gene regulation, noncoding RNAs and other endocrine or paracrine regulatory factors that affect follicular development, and their underlying mechanisms of action in livestock in order to provide novel insights for future studies. The above factors were found as significant determinants influencing the follicular development in livestock through various signaling pathways.
Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma with aberrant CD8 expression
Authors: Lee Jack , Cohen Jason A. , Wrone David A. , Gru Alejandro A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe report an unusual case of primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL) with aberrant expression of the T‐cell marker CD8. The patient is a 48‐year‐old male with no significant past medical history who presented with red indurated plaques on the abdomen. A punch biopsy showed abnormal lymphoid follicles in the dermis with reduced mantle zones and decreased tingible body macrophages. The epidermis was uninvolved. The follicles expressed CD20, PAX‐5, and bcl‐6 by immunohistochemistry. CD8, however, was strongly positive, highlighting neoplastic cells, which were negative for any additional T‐cell markers. TIA and granzyme B were also negative. The patient underwent further staging workup, without evidence of nodal involvement. His course has been indolent thus far. In summary, we present a case of PCFCL with aberrant expression of the T‐cell marker CD8, a finding not previously reported in the literature and a potential diagnostic pitfall.
Treatment patterns and persistence rates with anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for diabetic macular oedema in the UK: A real‐world study
Authors: Peto Tunde , Akerele Toks , Sagkriotis Alexandros , Zappacosta Sofia , Clemens Andreas , Chakravarthy Usha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionAnti‐vascular endothelial growth factors (anti‐VEGFs) are considered standard of care therapy for diabetic macular oedema (DME). This study examined treatment patterns and outcomes in patients with DME treated with anti‐VEGF therapy.MethodsUsing anonymized electronic medical record data collected from three UK sites, this retrospective cohort study assessed rates of anti‐VEGF intravitreal injections in adults with treatment‐naïve DME who received their first treatment between 1 September 2010 and 31 July 2018. The proportion of patients with at least one interval of at least 12 weeks between injections; the distribution of injection intervals; the discontinuation rates; and the number of anti‐VEGF injection‐, injection‐free‐ and total visits were assessed during the first and second years of treatment.ResultsOverall, 1606 patient eyes with DME were included, with no minimum follow‐up. During the first and second year of treatment, 63.2% and 73.1% of eyes had at least one anti‐VEGF injection interval of at least 12 weeks, respectively. In the first and second years of treatment, the mean (standard deviation) numbers of injections were 7.7 (1.9) and 5.6 (2.2), with 14.2 (5.7) and 13.4 (6.4) total clinic visits, and 6.6 (5.0) and 7.8 (5.8) injection‐free visits, respectively. In total, 27.8% of patient eyes discontinued treatment during the first 2 years.ConclusionsThe high number of clinic visits and high discontinuation rates demonstrate a significant unmet need for a treatment to enable sustainable extended injection intervals, while maintaining visual acuity. This could improve patient adherence and health‐related quality of life for patients with DME.
Dental students’ observations about teaching of endodontic access cavities in a French dental school
Authors: Picart Guillaume , Pouhaër Matéo , Dautel Anne , Pérard Matthieu , Le Clerc Justine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionTeaching in French universities has undergone deep changes for several years. Dental studies are no exception to the rule. Endodontics is one of the most difficult fields requiring good knowledge of anatomy before performing clinical procedures. The access cavity is the key step of endodontic therapy. The aim of this study was to collect and understand what students feel and expect from theoretical and practical training on endodontic access cavity.Materials and methodsA questionnaire survey on the teaching and learning of endodontic access cavities in a French dental school was sent by e‐mail to the 4th‐year students (n = 66). The questionnaire consisted of 13 questions of different formats. Qualitative variables were analysed using a word cloud according to the words of the participants. Students were also asked how to improve teaching with new educational tools.Results60 students answered the questionnaire (response rate of 90.9%). When students were asked which stage of endodontic treatment they feared the most, performing access cavity came in 3rd place. Upper molar (71%) and lower molar (58%) appeared to have the most difficult endodontic access cavities. Within the word cloud gathered after students’ answers analysis, the words “fear,” “perforation,” “cavity” and “axis” were highlighted. Amongst the 3 new educational tools proposed to students, most were in favour of realistic models of teeth with their ideal endodontic access cavity (79%).DiscussionThis study highlighted the feelings of students during their hands‐on training on endodontic access cavities. Although they seemed satisfied with practical classes on endodontic access cavities, this step seemed to be stressful for students especially because of the great internal anatomical variabilities of teeth. To help them better understand the root canal anatomy and improve their training, students asked for new educational resources, especially macro‐models of teeth with their optimal access cavities.ConclusionThis study showed that students are seeking for innovative resources in addition to traditional resources that would make it easier for them to visualise the root canal system and help them feel more comfortable and facilitate learning when performing endodontic access cavities.
Causal effect of insulin resistance on small vessel stroke and Alzheimer's disease: A Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Zhou Mengyuan , Li Hao , Wang Yongjun , Pan Yuesong , Wang Yilong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThe causal effect of insulin resistance on small vessel stroke and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was controversial in previous studies. We therefore applied Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to identify the causal effect of insulin resistance on small vessel stroke and AD.MethodsWe selected 12 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with fasting insulin levels and five SNPs associated with “gold standard” measures of insulin resistance as instrumental variables in MR analyses. Summary statistical data on SNP–small vessel stroke and on SNP–AD associations were derived from studies by the Multi‐ancestry Genome‐Wide Association Study of Stroke consortium (MEGASTROKE) and the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium‐Alzheimer Disease Workgroup (PGC‐ALZ) in individuals of European ancestry. Two‐sample MR estimates were conducted with inverse‐variance‐weighted, robust inverse‐variance‐weighted, simple median, weighted median, weighted mode‐based estimator, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR‐PRESSO) methods.ResultsGenetically predicted higher insulin resistance had a higher odds ratio (OR) of small vessel stroke (OR 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.44, p = 0.01 using fasting insulin; OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07–1.46, p = 0.006 using gold standard measures of insulin resistance) and AD (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04–1.23, p = 0.004 using fasting insulin; OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.03, p = 0.03 using gold standard measures of insulin resistance) using the inverse‐variance‐weighted method. No evidence of pleiotropy was found using MR‐Egger regression.ConclusionOur findings provide genetic support for a potential causal effect of insulin resistance on small vessel stroke and AD.
An integrative multi‐omic analysis reveals a major metabolic rewiring between baby foreskin keratinocytes and adult female abdominal keratinocytes
Authors: Mangez Claire , Roux Pierre‐François , Stamatas Georgios , Oddos Thierry , Brun Cécilia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEven though its development starts early in utero, neonatal skin is still immature at birth relative to adult and undergoes a maturation process extending to the first years of life. It is now established that the stratum corneum is thinner and dryer and that skin contains less natural moisturizing factors and lipids in newborns compared to children and adults. Moreover, it has been shown that skin surface area expansion is not linear throughout life and is peaking perinatally, suggesting that baby skin has a higher epidermal cellular turnover. Despite growing resources showing differences between adult and infant skin physiology, molecular and metabolic specificities of baby skin are still poorly understood. To address this critical knowledge gap, we performed an integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic study comparing human primary foreskin and abdominal keratinocytes from male babies and female adults, respectively. Based on state‐of‐the‐art integrative frameworks, our analyses revealed a major shift in the global energetic metabolism in baby foreskin keratinocytes compared to adult abdominal keratinocytes, highlighting increased amino acid metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in baby cells to fuel the citric acid cycle, while showing glycolysis as the major cell energy source in adult cells.
A horizontal partitioning‐based method for frequent pattern mining in transport timetable
Authors: Teixeira Claudio , Fragoso Luana , Mattoso Marta , Carvalho Diego , Bezerra Eduardo , Soares Jorge , Amorim Glauco , Ogasawara Eduardo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnalysing transport timetables is an important task, as it brings the opportunity to discover which routes commonly lead to delays. Frequent pattern mining is a technique used to support such type of discovery. However, functional dependencies are intrinsic properties present in timetables, particularly related to attributes derived from the origin–destination matrix. Such functional dependencies compromise the search for patterns in timetables in both the number of association rules (ARs) generated and the computational cost. Several of these ARs refer to the same information. Redundancy removal techniques can reduce the number of ARs. However, these techniques are designed to be used after mining finishes, which increases the computational cost of finding useful ARs. This work presents timetable pattern mining (T‐mine), a novel method for frequent pattern mining that improves knowledge discovery in timetables. We evaluated T‐mine using Brazilian Flight Data and compared T‐mine with the direct application of frequent pattern mining approaches with and without functional dependencies. Our experiments indicate that T‐mine is about one order magnitude faster than other methods with functional dependencies.
A qualitative analysis of autonomy‐supportive parenting in families experiencing homelessness
Authors: Distefano Rebecca , Nelson Kayla M. , Masten Ann S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis exploratory qualitative study examined whether parents of young children residing in emergency housing endorse autonomy‐supportive parenting values.BackgroundYoung children experiencing homelessness are at increased risk for self‐regulation difficulties, but one possible way to support self‐regulation development during a window of plasticity in the preschool period is through autonomy‐supportive parenting. Autonomy support has been shown to uniquely predict early self‐regulation skills. However, there is also evidence to suggest that autonomy support could be problematic in risky environments.MethodTwenty‐one parents of 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children participated in a brief interview about parenting and self‐regulation development. Guided by self‐determination theory, the interviews were subsequently coded for themes related to autonomy support.ResultsParents endorsed ideas consistent with autonomy support, such as recognizing children's capabilities and listening to children's ideas. However, parents also viewed some behaviors, such as offering young children choices, to be less acceptable.ConclusionFindings suggest that parents experiencing homelessness may provide autonomy support in different ways than parents in more stable living conditions or from higher socioeconomic backgrounds.ImplicationsParenting interventions that aim to promote early self‐regulation development through autonomy‐supportive practices might consider tailoring intervention components to align with the socialization priorities of families experiencing homelessness.
Prenatal parental representations: Influences on perceived romantic couple adjustment and infant's temperament during pregnancy and after the infant's birth
Authors: Vismara Laura , Lucarelli Loredana , Sechi Cristina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe present work aimed to evaluate the differences between fathers' and mothers' prenatal parental representations, the differences between pre‐ and postnatal perceptions of couple adjustment, and whether the quality of prenatal parental representations is associated with the perception of couple adjustment and with the perception of infant temperament at 3 months.BackgroundWithin a multifactorial, transactional model, several studies indicated that prenatal parental representations are relevant to the quality of infant–parent relationship and the child's development.MethodCouples experiencing their first pregnancy (n = 40) (mothers: Mage = 33.7 years, SD = 5,1 years; fathers: (Mage = 37.4 years, SD = 5.6 years) responded to the Parental Representations Interview During Pregnancy and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale during the seventh month of pregnancy. When couples' infant was 3 months of age, the parents completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire‐R to assess infant temperament.ResultsAnalyses revealed that mothers and fathers who had an unbalanced and unintegrated parental representation perceived their couple adjustment as less cohesive, and this was related to a more negative perception of the child's temperament.ConclusionsPrenatal parental representations were found to be a significant variable in terms of their influence on the quality of pre‐ and postnatal parents' romantic couple adjustment and on the infant's temperament.ImplicationsIt is important to include both mothers and fathers to further our understanding of parental influence on a child's development and to enhance the efficacy of preventive programs since pregnancy.
‘Anxiety is still ongoing!’ Evaluation of the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on anxiety severity of physicians working in the internal medicine department after 1 year: a collaborative cross‐sectional study
Authors: Uyaroğlu Oğuz Abdullah , Özdede Murat , Çalık Başaran Nursel , Özışık Lale , Tanriover Mine Durusu , Sain Güven Gülay 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has increased anxiety in society and particularly in healthcare workers, as shown with a questionnaire in our centre at the beginning of the pandemic. In this collaborative study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the pandemic on anxiety 1 year later by applying the same questionnaire to the physicians working in the same department. A total of 77 participants consented to the study. The median age was 28 (interquartile range = 4) years and 55.8% were male. As in the first survey, female gender, having family members over 65 years of age, and having family members with chronic diseases were significantly associated with high anxiety scores and levels. There were no statistically significant differences between the first and second survey participants in any of the anxiety scales, which means anxiety persists.
Imaging viral infection in vivo to gain unique perspectives on cellular antiviral immunity*
Authors: Vrba Sophia M. , Hickman Heather D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe past decade has seen near continual global public health crises caused by emerging viral infections. Extraordinary increases in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying successful antiviral immune responses in animal models and during human infection have accompanied these viral outbreaks. Keeping pace with the rapidly advancing field of viral immunology, innovations in microscopy have afforded a previously unseen view of viral infection occurring in real‐time in living animals. Here, we review the contribution of intravital imaging to our understanding of cell‐mediated immune responses to viral infections, with a particular focus on studies that visualize the antiviral effector cells responding to infection as well as virus‐infected cells. We discuss methods to visualize viral infection in vivo using intravital microscopy (IVM) and significant findings arising through the application of IVM to viral infection. Collectively, these works underscore the importance of developing a comprehensive spatial understanding of the relationships between immune effectors and virus‐infected cells and how this has enabled unique discoveries about virus/host interactions and antiviral effector cell biology.
Epidemiology of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and SARS‐CoV‐2 positive hospital admissions among children in South Africa
Authors: Kufa Tendesayi , Jassat Waasila , Cohen Cheryl , Tempia Stefano , Masha Maureen , Wolter Nicole , Walaza Sibongile , von Gottburg Anne , Govender Nelesh P. , Hunt Gillian , Shonhiwa Andronica Moipone , Ebonwu Joy , Ntshoe Genevie , Maruma Wellington , Bapela Poncho , Ndhlovu Nomathamsanqa , Mathema Hlengani , Modise Motshabi , Shuping Liliwe , Manana Pinky N. , Moore David , Dangor Ziyaad , Verwey Charl , Madhi Shabir A. , Saloojee Haroon , Zar Heather J. , Blumberg Lucille 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe describe epidemiology and outcomes of confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and positive admissions among children <18 years in South Africa, an upper‐middle income setting with high inequality.MethodsLaboratory and hospital COVID‐19 surveillance data, 28 January ‐ 19 September 2020 was used. Testing rates were calculated as number of tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 divided by population at risk; test positivity rates were calculated as positive tests divided by total number of tests. In‐hospital case fatality ratio (CFR) was calculated based on hospitalized positive admissions with outcome data who died in‐hospital and whose death was judged SARS‐CoV‐2 related by attending physician.Findings315 570 children aged <18 years were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2; representing 8.9% of all 3 548 738 tests and 1.6% of all children in the country. Of children tested, 46 137 (14.6%) were positive. Children made up 2.9% (n = 2007) of all SARS‐CoV‐2 positive admissions to sentinel hospitals. Among children, 47 died (2.6% case‐fatality). In‐hospital deaths were associated with male sex [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.18 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.08–4.40)] vs female; age <1 year [aOR 4.11 (95% CI 1.08–15.54)], age 10–14 years [aOR 4.20 (95% CI1.07–16.44)], age 15–17 years [aOR 4.86 (95% 1.28–18.51)] vs age 1–4 years; admission to a public hospital [aOR 5.07(95% 2.01–12.76)] vs private hospital and ≥1 underlying conditions [aOR 12.09 (95% CI 4.19–34.89)] vs none.ConclusionsChildren with underlying conditions were at greater risk of severe SARS‐CoV‐2 outcomes. Children > 10 years, those in certain provinces and those with underlying conditions should be considered for increased testing and vaccination.
A program to improve the assessment of a child for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Lukomski Michelle , Caruso Diane , Thompson Kerry , Di Natale Melissa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProblemDue to the number of children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), increased risk of these children having comorbidities and/or an adverse childhood experience and insufficient documentation of the Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM‐5) criteria for an ADHD diagnosis, an ADHD evaluation program was developed for a child presenting for an initial ADHD evaluation.MethodsA quantitative design method evaluated provider's documentation by the percentage of DSM‐5 criteria met before and after the implementation of the ADHD program. Descriptive statistics evaluated the system change by the percentage of providers who utilized the ADHD template and the use of the unspecified ADHD International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th edition (ICD‐10) code, F90.9 by the percentage of code use before and after implementation of the ADHD program.FindingsThe two‐tailed Mann–Whitney U test was significantly based on p < 0.001. Providers met 100% of the DSM‐5 criteria after implementation of the ADHD program in the electronic health record, compared to 50% before implementation.ConclusionsThe ADHD program increased the provider's documentation and consistency to the DSM‐5 criteria, decreasing the use of the unspecified ADHD ICD‐10 code, allowing the provider to develop a more successful plan of care for children between the ages of 5 and 18.