bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MDR BACTERIAL INFECTIONS IN CRITICALLY ILL COVID-19 PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL (OF PAKISTAN)
Authors: Tayyab Nadia , Furqan Warda , Nasrullah Amnah , Usman Javaid , Ali Sakhawat , Khan Asad Zaman 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To identify antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of multidrug resistant bacteria causing secondary infections in COVID-19 patients in ICU’ sofa tertiary care hospital.
Study Design: Cross–sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Apr to Jul 2020.
Methodology: This study included blood samples and endotracheal aspirates from 114 critically ill COVID-19 patients. Peripheral blood specimens were collected fromthe patients with secondary bacterial blood stream infections and endotracheal aspirates were collected from patients with ventilator associated pneumonia for culture and sensitivity. The results were interpreted according to Clinical & Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) 2020.
Results: A total of 114 COVID-19 patients were admitted in ICU during that time period. Fourteen (12.28%) were female and 100 (87.71%) were male, age distribution was between 36-82 years. Sixty six paired blood samples were sent to the microbiology lab out of which 51 (77.2%) showed bacterial growth while 15 (22.7%) samples were negative. Out of 50 endotracheal aspirates, 42 showed bacterial growth (84%) and 8 samples did not show any significant bacterial growth (16%). Most of the endotracheal aspirates showed growth of >1 bacterial isolates. The most common gram-negative organisms were Acinetobacter baumannii (n=54) and Klebsiella pneumonia (n=26) and most common gram-positive organism isolated was Enterococcus faecium (n=9). All isolated organisms were multidrug resistant.
Conclusion: Poor antimicrobial stewardship particularly in critical care units resulted in secondary bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients. The pathogens isolated were multidrug resistant including Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterococcus faecium.
EXPRESSION OF ERG IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAIN IN PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA
Authors: Nabi Sana Ghulam , Khan Erum , Mushtaq Sajid , Hassan Usman , Hussain Mudassar 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To investigate the incidence ERG fusion positive adenocarcinoma and its correlation with gleason grade and gleason group.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre (SKMCH & RC), Lahore Pakistan, from Jan 2018 to Jan 2019.
Methodology: A total of 100 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma were retrieved and ERG immunohistochemical stain was applied on all these cases. ERG expression, extent of staining, percentage of tumor cells positive for ERG, pattern of staining was recorded. We found out relationship of ERG expression and gleason grade/gleason group.
Results: ERG expression was seen in 62/100 (62%) cases. Mean patient age of ERG positive prostatic adenocarcinoma patients was 69.68 years. In GG1 (14.5%) 9 cases exhibited ERG positivity. In GG2-3, 41.93% cases and in GG4-5, 43.54% cases showed ERG expression.
Conclusion: To conclude, age of presentation of ERG positive adenocarcinoma was high. ERG expression was seen in 62% of our cases which was much higher than reported in other Asian countries. In our study we found a significant correlation between ERG expression and high gleason grade group.
FREQUENCY AND ASSOCIATIONS OF MARCUS GUNN PHENOMENON IN CONGENITAL PTOSIS
Authors: Ahmad Maqsood , Imtiaz Hafiza Sadia , Iqbal Usama , Sharjeel Muhammad , Zahir Syed Imad , Hussain Ibrar 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency and various associations of Marcus Gunn Phenomenon in patients of congenital ptosis.
Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, from Jun to Sep 2020.
Methodology: A total of 100 patients with congenital ptosis were included. Patients with any cause of secondary or acquired ptosis were excluded. Congenital ptosis was classified as simple and complex. Assessment for ptosis severity, presence of jaw winking ptosis, jaw winking severity, refractive error, amblyopia, strabismus, systemic association and family history for congenital ptosis was performed.
Results: Simple congenital ptosis was the most common type overall (84%). A total of 60% patients were males and 40% were females. More than 90% of the patients had severe ptosis. Ninety eight percent cases had onset since birth. No patient had systemic association or positive family history. Nine percent frequency of Marcus Gunn Phenomenon was noted with congenital ptosis. All the patients with Marcus Gunn Phenomenon had unilateral presentation. Left eye was affected predominantly (88.89%). A total of 22.22% of the patients with Marcus Gunn Phenomenon had anisometropic amblyopia. No other ocular or systemic association of Marcus Gunn Phenomenon was observed.
Conclusion: Simple congenital ptosis is the most common type of congenital ptosis. The authors report 9% frequency of Marcus Gunn Phenomenon with congenital ptosis and left side effected predominantly. Anisometropic amblyopia was the major ocular association of Marcus Gunn Phenomenon observed.
PREDICTION OF SHORT-TERM PERINATAL OUTCOME IN OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS AT TERMROLE OF UMBILICAL CORD ARTERIAL BLOOD LACTATE LEVELS
Authors: Tariq Amera , Afsheen Afeera , Iftikhar Bushra , Anwar Rabiah , Kiani Rizwana Bashir , Mahboob Saira 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Investigating the perinatal outcome in pregnant patients with oligohydramnios at term.
Study Design: Prospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pakistan Naval Ship (PNS) Shifa Hospital Karachi, from Mar to Oct 2020.
Methodology: The investigation comprised of 60 parturient ladies with gestational amenorrhoea of 37-42 weeks and no associated medical illnesses. Collection A consisted of 30 patients with maximum vertical pocket (MVP) <2cm or amniotic fluid index (AFI) ≤5cm. Collection B involved 30 pregnant women having normal amniotic fluid index >5cm. The 2 collections were tallied with respect to demographic characteristics and perinatal outcome particularly low birth weight, delivery mode, poor APGAR score, umbilical artery acidosis and meconium staining. Neonatal future stands upon evaluation of levels of lactate found in umbilical cord arterial blood.
Results: According to our findings, commonest mode of childbirth 37 (61.7%) was Caesarean section. No statistical difference was found between the two aggregations of low weight at birth i.e. 4 (13.3%). Based on our study, meconium staining at birth was prevalent in 8 (13.3%) of neonates however no meconium aspiration was seen, umbilical artery acidosis was apparent in 27 (45%) and only 5 (8.3%) accounted for poor APGAR scores.
Conclusion: Detrimental pregnancy aftermath and elevated perinatal morbidity correlates with oligohydramnios.
VALIDATION OF KPG INDEX “CLASSIFICATION METHOD TO PREDICT ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT DIFFICULTY LEVEL OF IMPACTED CANINES”
Authors: Iftikhar Ayesha , Jahanzeb Tayyaba 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the position of impacted canine in 3 dimensions and estimate the difficulty of treatment using 3D “KPG index”, a new classification method.
Study Design: Cross sectional analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Orthodontic Department, Rehman College of Dentistry, Peshawar, from Aug to Oct 2020.
Methodology: 3D cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 43 subjects with 47 impacted canines were obtained. Using KPG index, 6 measurements were taken for each impacted tooth in three planes. The scores were later summed up. Based on the cumulative scores, each impaction was classified into the difficulty categories of Easy (0–7), Moderate (8–14), Difficult (15–19), and Extremely Difficult (20+). Comparison of Gender and position of impacted canine with the KPG treatment difficulty index was also performed.
Results: Impacted canines were found to be on the left and palatal side with a female predilection. Canines scored with KPG index were mostly in the moderate category. Highest percentage of the impacted canines were in Sector II, followed by sector III and IV. Comparing KPG treatment difficulty index of impacted maxillary canines found on the right and left sides (p=0.087), buccal or palatal (p=0.545), males and females (p=0.279), in-statistically significant difference was found.
Conclusion: 3D imaging has allowed us to precisely locate the impacted canine in 3 sagittal, coronal and axial planes. Hence, KPG index dictated our anticipated difficulty of treatment.
COMPARISON OF LOW OSMOLAR ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION VERSUS STANDARD ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE DIARRHOEA IN RELATION TO UNSCHEDULED INTRAVENOUS FLUID REQUIREMENT
Authors: Tahir Sidra , Iqbal Rabia , Najam Rabia , Kamran Muneeba , Anwar Najwa 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine requirement of unscheduled I/V fluid in children treated with low osmolar oral rehydration solution as compare to standard oral rehydration solution.
Study Design: Case control study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Paediatrics, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, from Sep 2018 to Feb 2019.
Methodology: Sample size of 400 patients was calculated using WHO calculator. Patients were recruited through non probability consecutive sampling. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. For each patient detailed history was taken including demographic information. Group A patients (controls) receive standard oral rehydration solution and Group B patients will receive low osmolar oral rehydration solution (Cases). Each group was followed for 6 hours after the treatment. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24. Chi-square test applied and p-value ≤0.05 found significant.
Results: A total of 400 cases were enrolled in the study. There were 220 (55%) male and 180 (45%) female in our study. Mean weight of patients was 9.46 Kg ± 5.9 SD. In group A, 8 patients showed unscheduled fluid requirement while 192 did not showed unscheduled fluid requirement. In group B, 32 patients showed unscheduled fluid requirement while 168 did not showed unscheduled fluid requirement (p=0.000).
Conclusions: Incidence of or need of, unscheduled I/V fluid in children treated with low osmolar oral rehydration solution is less as compare to standard oral rehydration solution for management of acute diarrhea with some dehydration. And hence low osmolar oral rehydration solution shows better acceptance in management of acute diarrhea.
LEVEL OF ERRORS, CHANGE IN DIAGNOSIS AND THEIR IMPACT ON MANAGEMENT IN CASES REFERRED FOR SECOND OPINION
Authors: Anwar Madeeha , Asif Muhammad , Ahmed Rabia , Khadim Muhammad Tahir , Jamal Shahid , Mansur Hamza 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of change in diagnosis and level of errors in cases referred to Armed Forces Institute of Pathology for second opinion and their impact on modifications of treatment and prognosis.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, form Mar to Oct 2017
Methodology: All the cases referred for review diagnosis were tested by applying panel of immunohistochemical markers and special stains on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections as decided on morphology. Level of errors were defined as level I error: minor discrepancy with no impact on management, level II: minor discrepancy with impact on management, level III: main category remains same but there was change/confirmation of specific diagnostic entity with an impact on management and level IV: gross changes in diagnosis with significant impact on management. Level IV was further subdivided into IV a: benign misdiagnosed as malignant, IV b: malignant misdiagnosed as benign and IV c: changes in tumor subtype.
Results: A total of 100 cases, where review diagnosis was changed were included. Minor discrepancies (level I and level II) were observed in only 7% cases with little or no impact on the management. Most frequent discrepancy observed as Level III in 75% cases. Major discrepancy (Level IV errors) was noted in 18% cases.
Conclusion: There were high discrepancy rates between previous diagnosis and review diagnosis. The higher use of extended panels of immunohistochemistry markers were the most likely explanations.
Regiones y lugares en la era global
Authors: Escobar Arturo 
Published: July 2021

En este artículo A. Escobar avanza en nuevos elementos para aclarar su concepto de lugar que fue pensado desde al pacífico colombiano y que tiene reconocimiento amplio entre los que son adeptos de las tesis poscoloniales. En su trabajo intelectual fueron identificados cuatro principios de relaciones interétnicas y de relaciones con el estado: el hecho de que el Pacífico es “un territorio ancestral de grupos étnicos”; que estos grupos son culturalmente diversos y buscan el respeto a sus diferencias y de éstas con la sociedad colombiana; que de esta posición de mutuo respeto y de diferencia, asumen la coordinación de la defensa de sus territorios; y permite que sus conocimientos tradicionales sean fundamentales en su relación con la naturaleza y su identidad, y que deberían ser reconocidos como tales. La idea de red es central en su construcción teórica. En los años noventa, explica el autor, las imágenes de redes circularon ampliamente en el Pacífico sin un patrón estricto de regularidad, y siempre refiriéndose a un conjunto de entidades como las organizaciones de los movimiento sociales, las redes de radios locales, las asociaciones de mujeres, los planes de acción, entre otros.
CENTRO LIMOEIRENSE: MEMÓRIAS DE UM CLUBE CENTENÁRIO CENTRO LIMOEIRENSE E O FUTEBOL
Authors: Do Nascimento Luan Piettro Henrique , De Almeida Marcellus Brito , Carvalho Thiago De Amorim 
Published: July 2021

O Centro Limoeirense frui de uma rica história, digna de ser resgatada, refletida e divulgada, pois, essa trajetória interferiu, significativamente, nos aspectos sociopolíticos e cultural da população interiorana de Pernambuco. Objetivo: Resgatar e descrever algumas das centenárias memórias do Centro Limoeirense. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental do tipo descritiva, uma vez que as informações obtidas, na sua maioria, foram oriundas de fontes primárias como o estatuto do clube, fotografias de acervos particulares e outros registros escritos. Resultados e discussão: Dentre os documentos analisados, foi possível observar que o entro Limoeirese é originado da junção de dois clubes da cidade de Limoeiro. Ao longo de sua história foi se desenvolvendo e hoje contém uma estrutura adequada para a prática da modalidade em todos os escalões. Conclusão: A realização desse estudo possibilitou entender o surgimento do Centro Limoeirense, bem como a sua trajetória desde sua fundação até a atualidade.
ANÁLISE DO NÍVEL DE CONHECIMENTO TÁTICO DECLARATIVO NO HANDEBOL, EM COMPARAÇÃO COM CAPACIDADES CONDICIONANTES
Authors: Costa Gabriel Soares da 
Published: July 2021

Introdução: O handebol é uma modalidade esportiva coletiva de cooperação, oposição e invasão do campo adversário, onde os jogadores fazem constantemente uso de processos cognitivos como a tomada de decisão, percepção, atenção etc. Além de necessitarem a todo momento das capacidades condicionantes inerentes ao esporte tais como força, resistência muscular, agilidade e velocidade. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o nível de conhecimento tático declarativo no handebol e as capacidades físicas condicionantes de atletas universitários de handebol antes e após 16 sessões de treino. Método: O estudo foi do tipo transversal, descritivo e comparativo, com amostra por conveniência (n=23). Utilizou-se o protocolo validado por Caldas et al., (2017), já validado que possui 11 cenas de vídeo do jogo de handebol. Para análise das capacidades físicas condicionantes foram utilizados os protocolos de Guedes (2006), Gaya (2009) e Marins e Giannichi (2009). Para as análises descritivas, foram utilizadas as medidas de média e desvio padrão. Para analise inferencial foi utilizado o teste t de Student com um nível de significância (p≤0,05). Resultados: Nos resultados os atletas mostraram-se com potencial fraco para o nível de CTD, contudo os atletas do sexo masculino apresentaram um melhor resultado em média para o nível de CTD, no entanto não houve diferença significativa (p≤0,05) comparando-se com as atletas do sexo feminino. Nos testes motores os atletas do sexo masculino obtiveram melhores resultados para as variáveis da agilidade e velocidade com diferença significativa (p≤0,00) e (p≤0,03) respectivamente. entretanto não houve diferença significativa nos testes de força e resistência muscular entre as amostras. As capacidades condicionantes da agilidade, força e resistência apresentaram evolução após 16 sessões de treino para o sexo masculino (p≤0,01), (p≤0,02) e (p≤0,00) respectivamente, enquanto que para as mulheres após 16 sessões de treino houve evolução nas capacidades de força e resistência (p≤0,01). Conclusão: Conclui-se, portanto, que o nível de CTD da amostra se encontra com um potencial fraco e que não houve diferença entre os sexos. As capacidades condicionantes apresentam diferenças significativas entre os grupos e intragrupos após 16 sessões de treino.
Southeast Asia's Forgotten Female Muslim Rulers
Authors: Wain Alexander 
Published: July 2021

The Malay world, while united by a common language, a collective commitment to Islam and a shared history, also preserves a variously expressed but mutually held set of customary traditions (adat). Muslim scholars, both past and present, have long debated the Islamic legitimacy of adat. In reality, however, many adat practices complement the ideals of Islam ideals often overlooked by more orthodox Muslim practitioners. This is particularly so regarding the treatment of women. A perception exists that Islam encourages the seclusion of women. While modern feminist readings of the Quran are celebrated for challenging this, it is worth noting that Malay adat has permitted Muslim women to attain public positions of power and influence for centuries.
Combating Fake News, Misinformation, and Machine Learning Generated Fakes: Insight's from the Islamic Ethical Tradition
Authors: Zubair Talat , Raquib Amana , Qadir Junaid 
Published: July 2021

The growing trend of sharing and acquiring news through social media platforms and the World Wide Web has impacted individuals as well as societies, spreading misinformation and disinformation. This trend—along with rapid developments in the field of machine learning, particularly with the emergence of techniques such as deep learning that can be used to generate data—has grave political, social, ethical, security, and privacy implications for society. This paper discusses the technologies that have led to the rise of problems such as fake news articles, filter bubbles, social media bots, and deep-fake videos, and their implications, while providing insights from the Islamic ethical tradition that can aid in mitigating them. We view these technologies and artifacts through the Islamic lens, concluding that they violate the commandment of spreading truth and countering falsehood. We present a set of guidelines, with reference to Qur‘anic and Prophetic teachings and the practices of the early Muslim scholars, on countering deception, putting forward ideas on developing these technologies while keeping Islamic ethics in perspective.
Religion, Reason, ‘Regensburg’: Perspectives for Catholic–Muslim Dialogue
Authors: Marcinkowski Christoph 
Published: July 2021

This ‘viewpoint’ is (exceptionally) more extensive in terms of size, which is perhaps excusable in the light of the fact that the year 2008 witnessed several very auspicious events in the field of Muslim–Christian dialogue. The beginning of the currently rather positive news in this regard was a rather controversial incident back in 2006.
On 12 September 2006, Pope Benedict XVI delivered a lecture, entitled “Glaube, Vernunft und Universitat: Erinnerungen und Reflexionen” (Faith, Reason, and University: Memories and Reflections) at the University of Regensburg in Bavaria, Germany, where he had been a professor of theology during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Benedict’s controversial remarks on Islam during his speech have stirred anger among parts of the Muslim community worldwide as it was perceived as misrepresenting the very essence of the religion of Islam. Contrary to what is usually known among the wider public, however, the lecture – equipped with often critical references ranging from ancient Jewish and Hellenic thought, theology, as well as contemporary secularist thinking – focused mainly on Christianity and on what Pope Benedict referred to as the tendency “to exclude the question of God” from reason rather than on Islam. Islam features merely in a part of the lecture as his emphasis was on the West.
How the Qur'an Rejects Extremism
Authors: Young Stephen B 
Published: July 2021

There is no Qur’anic justification for the murders, barbaric beheadings, and the maimings executed by supposedly faithful Muslims like ISIS loyalists, the Tsarnaev brothers in Boston, the Kouachi Brothers in Paris, or by the followers of Osama Bin Laden on September 11, 2001.
The crux of the Qur’anic case against such taking of life in the name of Islam is the wrongful appropriation of God’s (Allah’s) right and power, and committing murder and mayhem in the name of His religion. The Qur’an assigns death by retaliation to all cases of murder (2:178). It also provides “One who kills a human being without the latter being guilty of murder or corruption in the land, it would be as if he has killed the whole of humankind.” (5:35). This clear enough, yet the wrong committed by these Sunni extremists also has an ideological dimension: it is idolatry, the worshipping of false gods and idols, in particular the putting of a person such as Al-Baghdadi or Osama Bin Laden, or oneself, in God’s place as the arbiter of who should live and who deserves to die.
Customers' Awareness, Attitude and Patronage of Islamic Banking in Nigeria
Authors: Kewuyemi Kareem Muritala 
Published: July 2021

This study examines customers’ awareness of Islamic banking products and services in Nigeria and explores their attitude towards them. It also investigates their patronage of the banks. An 18-item questionnaire was designed for businesspersons, Muslims and non-Muslims, to obtain information on issues such as awareness of Islamic banking, loans without interest, collateral security, agency, partnership based on sharing of profits and losses and patronage of an interest free financial system. The results show the willingness of the Muslims and a large number of non-Muslims to patronize Islamic banking products and services. Products and services offered by a large number of the respondents were shariah-compliant. Their readiness to give collateral security, which is neither compulsory nor against the dictates of Islam, indicates their attitude and preparedness to patronise Islamic banks. However, a few non-Muslim respondents state they will not patronise Islamic banking products even if they are profitable and they are the only products in the banking sector in Nigeria. This study will assist promoters of Islamic banks in Nigeria to know where they can establish full-fledged Islamic banks. There is need for the existing and the potential Islamic banks to create more public awareness on Islamic banks.