bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tergal and pleural wing‐related tissues in the German cockroach and their implication to the evolutionary origin of insect wings
Authors: Clark‐Hachtel Courtney , Fernandez‐Nicolas Ana , Belles Xavier , Tomoyasu Yoshinori 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe acquisition of wings has facilitated the massive evolutionary success of pterygotes (winged insects), which now make up nearly three‐quarters of described metazoans. However, our understanding of how this crucial structure has evolved remains quite elusive. Historically, two ideas have dominated in the wing origin debate, one placing the origin in the dorsal body wall (tergum) and the other in the lateral pleural plates and the branching structures associated with these plates. Through studying wing‐related tissues in the wingless segments (such as wing serial homologs) of the beetle, Tribolium castaneum, we obtained several crucial pieces of evidence that support a third idea, the dual origin hypothesis, which proposes that wings evolved from a combination of tergal and pleural tissues. Here, we extended our analysis outside of the beetle lineage and sought to identify wing‐related tissues from the wingless segments of the cockroach, Blattella germanica. Through detailed functional and expression analyses for a critical wing gene, vestigial (vg), along with re‐evaluating the homeotic transformation of a wingless segment induced by an improved RNA interference protocol, we demonstrate that B. germanica possesses two distinct tissues in their wingless segments, one with tergal and one with pleural nature, that might be evolutionarily related to wings. This outcome appears to parallel the reports from other insects, which may further support a dual origin of insect wings. However, we also identified a vg‐independent tissue that contributes to wing formation upon homeotic transformation, as well as vg‐dependent tissues that do not appear to participate in wing formation, in B. germanica, indicating a more complex evolutionary history of the tissues that contributed to the emergence of insect wings.
Effects of host plants on the population parameters and activities of detoxification enzymes in Laodelphax striatellus
Authors: Ding Jie , Wang Youwei , Wang Sheng , Wang Xueting , Wang Zhiwei , Liu Chao , Jin Yan , Zhang Guofu , Xia Xiaoming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is an economically important pest of rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and other members of the Poaceae. The effects of host plant type on SBPH life table parameters reared on two cultivars of rice (Zixiangnuo 2315 and Wuyujing 3), wheat (Jimai 22 and Nongda 26), and one grass weed (Echinochloa crusgalli Beauv.) under laboratory conditions were determined using the age‐stage, two‐sex life table. Additionally, the corresponding activities of three detoxifying enzymes – carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST), and mixed‐function oxidase (MFO) – were also measured. The results showed that host plant species and cultivars had effects on population parameters and activities of detoxification enzymes. Rice cv. Zixiangnuo 2315 and wheat cv. Nongda 26 were shown to be more suitable than the other three hosts. The activities of the three detoxifying enzymes showed different patterns of changes on the three host plants after feeding for 0–72 h. Regardless of short‐term (72 h) or long‐term (one generation) induction on host plants, the activity levels of GST and MFO in adult SBPH reared on rice ‘Zixiangnuo 2315’ were lower and higher, respectively, than on the other four hosts. The results may help understand the host adaptability of this pest and inform the development of strategies for effective field‐based integrated pest management programs.
The influence of vector‐borne disease on human history: socio‐ecological mechanisms
Authors: Athni Tejas S. , Shocket Marta S. , Couper Lisa I. , Nova Nicole , Caldwell Iain R. , Caldwell Jamie M. , Childress Jasmine N. , Childs Marissa L. , De Leo Giulio A. , Kirk Devin G. , MacDonald Andrew J. , Olivarius Kathryn , Pickel David G. , Roberts Steven O. , Winokur Olivia C. , Young Hillary S. , Cheng Julian , Grant Elizabeth A. , Kurzner Patrick M. , Kyaw Saw , Lin Bradford J. , Lopez Ricardo C. , Massihpour Diba S. , Olsen Erica C. , Roache Maggie , Ruiz Angie , Schultz Emily A. , Shafat Muskan , Spencer Rebecca L. , Bharti Nita , Mordecai Erin A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVector‐borne diseases (VBDs) are embedded within complex socio‐ecological systems. While research has traditionally focused on the direct effects of VBDs on human morbidity and mortality, it is increasingly clear that their impacts are much more pervasive. VBDs are dynamically linked to feedbacks between environmental conditions, vector ecology, disease burden, and societal responses that drive transmission. As a result, VBDs have had profound influence on human history. Mechanisms include: (1) killing or debilitating large numbers of people, with demographic and population‐level impacts; (2) differentially affecting populations based on prior history of disease exposure, immunity, and resistance; (3) being weaponised to promote or justify hierarchies of power, colonialism, racism, classism and sexism; (4) catalysing changes in ideas, institutions, infrastructure, technologies and social practices in efforts to control disease outbreaks; and (5) changing human relationships with the land and environment. We use historical and archaeological evidence interpreted through an ecological lens to illustrate how VBDs have shaped society and culture, focusing on case studies from four pertinent VBDs: plague, malaria, yellow fever and trypanosomiasis. By comparing across diseases, time periods and geographies, we highlight the enormous scope and variety of mechanisms by which VBDs have influenced human history.
Shear bond strength between gingival composite resin and glazed gingival porcelain for implant‐supported prostheses
Authors: Komine Futoshi , Kubochi Kei , Kimura Fumiaki , Kusaba Kosuke , Takano Ryoki , Matsumura Hideo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study determined the shear bond strength (SBS) between an indirect gingival composite resin and glazed gingival porcelain after various surface treatments. A total of 176 porcelain disks with natural glazing were used and assigned to one of four groups: no surface treatment, airborne‐particle abrasion, hydrofluoric acid etching, or a combination of airborne‐particle abrasion followed by hydrofluoric acid etching. Each group was divided into two subgroups: one subgroup was unprimed, and the other was silanized. An indirect composite resin was then bonded to the porcelain disks. Half of the specimens in each group (n = 11) were exposed to 5000 thermocycles. SBSs were measured, and data were analyzed with the Kruskal–Wallis and Steel–Dwass tests. Among silanized specimens, those treated with the combination of airborne‐particle abrasion and hydrofluoric acid etching exhibited the highest bond strengths both before and after thermocycling. However, the SBS values of the silanized and unprimed hydrofluoric acid etched specimens did not differ significantly. Airborne‐particle abrasion followed by hydrofluoric acid etching with silane application yielded stronger, more durable bonds between the indirect gingival composite resin and glazed gingival porcelain.
When the Artificial Is Natural: Reconsidering What Bionics and Sensoria Do
Authors: Lloyd Stephanie , Bonventre Chani 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhen the artificial is natural: reconsidering what bionics and sensoria do.Videos of cochlear implant (CI) activation are common on online platforms such as YouTube, presenting activation as a “magical” moment when people receive “the gift of hearing.” We argue that these videos present a distorted understanding of what bionic devices, specifically CIs, do. Our research focuses on the scientific understandings of what the implants do within a user's sensorium and, consequently, what people do with CIs.The case of CIs calls us to analyze and subvert notions of sensory deficits and the bionic devices that are thought to repair them. In doing so, we delve into the forms of embodiment and processes associated with “hearing,” in its multiple forms. We examine the categories of artificial and natural, and how they relate to researchers' and clinicians' conceptualizations of the sensoria of people with CIs. This approach turns attention back to the people living with CIs themselves and is positioned antithetically to the “inspiration porn” of viral CI activation videos, compelling us to consider how people who use CIs create and inhabit new 'natures' with the devices.Quand l'artificiel est naturel: repenser la relation entre appareils “bioniques” et sensorium.Les vidéos d'activation d'implants cochléaires (ICs) sont devenus du contenu courant, voire viral, sur des plateformes en ligne comme YouTube. L'activation y est très souvent présentée comme un moment « magique », qui permet à la personne de recevoir l'audition comme un « don ». Mais dans quelle mesure cette représentation correspond‐elle vraiment aux expériences présentées dans, et au‐delà de ces vidéos ? Cet article explore ce que font les ICs, en tant qu'appareils « bioniques » une fois intégrés dans le sensorium d'une personne et, conséquemment, quelle part prennent les personnes utilisant des ICs à ce processus.À travers ces questionnements, nous proposons d'analyser et subvertir les notions de déficit sensoriel et l'idée selon laquelle des appareils bioniques seraient capables de les réparer. En se tournant vers les formes d'incorporation (embodiment) et les processus associés à l’ « audition » dans ses formes multiples, nous examinons comment les notions d'artificiel et de naturel induisent une conceptualisation spécifique et réductrice du sensorium.Cette approche vise à valoriser l'expérience des personnes vivant avec des ICs et se positionne ainsi en opposition à l’ « inspiration porn » sous‐jacente aux vidéos virales d'activation d'ICs. Notre objectif est de considérer comment la diversité des expériences des personnes vivant avec des ICs renseigne les 'natures' multiples de l'audition, et plus spécifiquement celles produites au sein d'assemblages qui comprennent des appareils technologiques.
Micronodular PEComas of the appendix
Authors: Anderson William J , Kojc Nika , Fletcher Christopher D M , Hornick Jason L 
Published: January 2021

AimsPerivascular epithelioid cell tumours (PEComas) of the appendix have been reported very rarely. In this study, we describe three cases of a distinctive micronodular proliferation in the appendix consistent with a variant of PEComa. Although known as ‘granular degeneration of smooth muscle’ in prior reports, we reappraise its clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features which support a change in classification.Methods and resultsPatients were two females (aged 33 and 41 years) and one male (aged 41). None had a history of tuberous sclerosis. Histologically, each case demonstrated a multifocal nodular proliferation towards the distal tip of the appendix, composed of epithelioid cells with abundant granular eosinophilic to clear cytoplasm. By immunohistochemistry, the lesional cells were positive for muscle markers [smooth muscle actin (SMA) and desmin], melanocytic markers (HMB45, melan A), cathepsin K and the lysosomal marker NKI‐C3 in each case. MITF was positive in two of three cases. None expressed S100 protein. Electron microscopy in one case revealed striated electron‐dense structures consistent with pre‐melanosomes. Follow‐up, available in one case, showed no recurrence at 5 years.ConclusionsWe propose the term ‘micronodular PEComa’ for this appendiceal lesion to reflect more accurately its histological and immunohistochemical characteristics, which include consistent positivity for both muscle and melanocytic markers. Micronodular PEComa seems to follow an indolent course, consistent with its uniformly low‐grade histological features, and appears to be unassociated with tuberous sclerosis.
Time response of rat testicular alterations induced by cryptorchidism and orchiopexy
Authors: Ferragut Cardoso Ana P. , Gomide Lígia M. M. , Souza Nathalia P. , de Jesus Carlos Márcio N. , Arnold Lora L. , Cohen Samuel M. , de Camargo João Lauro V. , Nascimento e Pontes Merielen G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCryptorchidism is one of the main risk factors for infertility and testicular cancer. Orchiopexy surgery corrects cryptorchidism effects. Different models of cryptorchidism developed in the rat include surgery. We assessed testicular alterations in rats submitted to surgical cryptorchidism and examined their potential for reversibility at different time points in order to verify time dependency effect(s) on the recovery of the undescended testes. Cryptorchidism was induced in 3‐week‐old rats. Animals were euthanized 3, 6 or 11 weeks after surgery to evaluate the morphological progression of cryptorchidism‐induced germinative epithelial alterations. Other groups underwent orchiopexy 3, 5 or 9 weeks after surgical cryptorchidism, before or after puberty. Animals were euthanized 3 or 8 weeks after orchiopexy. Controls underwent sham surgery at the same time points as the surgical groups. Cryptorchid testes showed decreased weight, germinative epithelial degeneration, apoptosis and vacuolation, corresponding to impairment of spermatogenesis and of Sertoli cells. Some tubules has a Sertoli cell‐only pattern and atrophy. The intensity of damage was related to the duration of cryptorchidism. After orchiopexy, spermatogenesis completely recovered only when testicular relocation occurred before puberty and the interval for recovery was extended. These results indicate that age, sexual maturity and extension of germ cell damage were relevant for producing germ cell restoration and normal spermatogenesis. We provide original observations on the time dependency of testicular alterations induced by cryptorchidism and their restoration using morphologic, morphometric and immunohistochemical approaches. It may be useful to study germ cell impairment, progression and recovery in different experimental settings, including exposure to exogenous chemicals.
A psychometric evaluation of the Health Literacy Questionnaire for Chinese immigrants: Linguistic and cultural considerations
Authors: Zhang Ling , Ding Ding , Fethney Judith , Gallagher Robyn 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveHealth literacy is an important predictor of health outcomes. The Health Literacy Questionnaire has been widely adopted to measure health literacy and has been translated into multiple languages including Chinese. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the simplified Chinese Health Literacy Questionnaire.MethodsData were obtained from a sample of 362 Chinese immigrants from Chinese community organizations in New South Wales, Australia. Statistical analyses include descriptive and exploratory factor analyses.ResultsA seven‐factor solution was derived from 39 of the original 44 items, all with acceptable to excellent internal consistency but differing from the original construction. The health literacy subscale scores were negatively associated with age and with age at immigration, but positively associated with duration of stay (years) in Australia, better English proficiency and current employment. Differing interpretations of the questions based on Chinese culture could possibly explain the variations between the two versions.ConclusionThe simplified Chinese Health Literacy Questionnaire measures some central concepts of health literacy well. However, the questionnaire may require further development, especially in linguistic and cultural aspects.
Enterprise architecture operationalization and institutional pluralism: The case of the Norwegian Hospital sector
Authors: Ajer Anne Kristin Sortehaug , Hustad Eli , Vassilakopoulou Polyxeni 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEnterprise architecture (EA) is a systematic way of designing, planning, and implementing process and technology changes to address the complexity of information system (IS) landscapes. EA is operationalized when architecture visions move towards realization through concrete projects. We report a case study on the dynamics of operationalizing EA in the Norwegian hospital sector by exploring different EA project trajectories. Our empirical context is an institutionally pluralistic setting where multiple logics coexist. We show that the distinct logic of EA is added to the institutional context and we find that tensions among existing medical, technical, and managerial logics and EA principles and assumptions emerge. We contribute to the under‐researched topic of EA operationalization by suggesting a model that demonstrates how the meeting of multiple institutional logics can lead to varying degrees of differentiation or even disassociation from EA visions during decision‐taking in projects. Furthermore, we advance extant research on IS projects' implementation in institutionally pluralistic settings by providing an empirical account of actors' interactions and project leadership arrangements that contribute to the persistence of coexisting logics in a dynamic equilibrium.
Clinical audit of adherence to hypertension treatment guideline and control rates in hospitals of different sizes in Thailand
Authors: Angkurawaranon Chaisiri , Pinyopornpanish Kanokporn , Srivanichakorn Supattra , Sanchaisuriya Pattara , Thepthien Bang‐on , Tooprakai Dusida , Ngetich Elisha , Damasceno Albertino , Olsen Michael Hecht , Sharman James E. , Garg Renu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA clinical audit of hospitals in Thailand was conducted to assess compliance with the national hypertension treatment guidelines and determine hypertension control rates across facilities of different sizes. Stratified random sampling was used to select sixteen hospitals of different sizes from four provinces. These included community (<90 beds), large (90–120 beds), and provincial (>120 beds) hospitals. Among new cases, the audit determined whether (i) the recommended baseline laboratory assessment was completed, (ii) the initial choice of medication was appropriate based on the patient's cardiovascular risk, and (iii) patients received medication adjustments when indicated. The hypertension control rates at six months and at the last visit were recorded. Among the 1406 patients, about 75% had their baseline glucose and kidney function assessed. Nearly 30% (n = 425/1406) of patients were indicated for dual therapy but only 43% of them (n = 182/425) received this. During treatment, 28% (198/1406) required adjustments in medication but this was not done. The control of hypertension at six months after treatment initiation was 53% varying between 51% in community and 56% in large hospitals (p < .01). The hypertension control rate at last visit was 64% but varied between 59% in community hospitals and 71% in large hospitals (p < .01). Failure to adjust medication when required was associated with 30% decrease in the odds of hypertension control (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0. 50 to 0.90). Failure to comply with the treatment guidelines regarding adjustment of medication and lost to follow‐up are possible target areas to improve hypertension control in Thailand.
Nicorandil decreases oxidative stress in slow‐ and fast‐twitch muscle fibers of diabetic rats by improving the glutathione system functioning
Authors: Sánchez‐Duarte Sarai , Márquez‐Gamiño Sergio , Montoya‐Pérez Rocío , Villicaña‐Gómez Erick Andrés , Vera‐Delgado Karla Susana , Caudillo‐Cisneros Cipriana , Sotelo‐Barroso Fernando , Melchor‐Moreno Ma Teresa , Sánchez‐Duarte Elizabeth 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionMyopathy is a common complication of any diabetes type, consisting in failure to preserve mass and muscular function. Oxidative stress has been considered one of the main causes for this condition. This study aimed to search if Nicorandil, a KATP channel opener, could protect slow‐ and fast‐twitch diabetic rat muscles from oxidative stress, and to unveil its possible mechanisms.Materials and MethodsDiabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by applying intraperitoneally streptozotocin (STZ) at 100 mg/kg doses. Nicorandil (3 mg/kg/day) was administered along 4 weeks. An insulin tolerance test and assessment of fasting blood glucose (FBG), TBARS, reduced (GSH), and disulfide (GSSG) glutathione levels, GSH/GSSG ratio, and mRNA expression of glutathione metabolism‐related genes were performed at end of treatment in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles.ResultsNicorandil significantly reduced FBG levels and enhanced insulin tolerance in diabetic rats. In gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, Nicorandil attenuated the oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation (TBARS), increasing total glutathione and modulating GPX1‐mRNA expression in both muscle’s types. Nicorandil also increased GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio and downregulated the GCLC‐ and GSR‐mRNA in gastrocnemius, without significative effect on those enzymes’ mRNA expression in diabetic soleus muscle.ConclusionsIn diabetic rats, Nicorandil attenuates oxidative stress in slow‐ and fast‐twitch skeletal muscles by improving the glutathione system functioning. The underlying mechanisms for the modulation of glutathione redox state and the transcriptional expression of glutathione metabolism‐related genes seem to be fiber type‐dependent.
A Functional Aqp1 Gene Product Localizes on The Contractile Vacuole Complex in Parameciummultimicronucleatum
Authors: Ishida Masaki , Hori Manabu , Ooba Yui , Kinoshita Masako , Matsutani Tsuyoshi , Naito Musumi , Hagimoto Taeko , Miyazaki Kuniko , Ueda Sou , Miura Ken , Tominaga Takashi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn a ciliate Paramecium, the presence of water channels on the membrane of contractile vacuole has long been predicted by both morphological and physiological data, however, to date either the biochemical or the molecular biological data have not been provided. In the present study, to examine the presence of aquaporin in Paramecium, we carried out RT‐PCR with degenerated primers designed based on the ParameciumDB, and an aquaporin cDNA (aquaporin 1, aqp1) with a full‐length ORF encoding 251 amino acids was obtained from Paramecium multimicronucleatum by using RACE. The deduced amino acid sequence of AQP1 had NPA‐NPG motifs, and the prediction of protein secondary structure by CNR5000 and hydropathy plot showed the presence of six putative transmembrane domains and five connecting loops. Phylogenetic analysis results showed that the amino acid sequence of AQP1 was close to that of the Super‐aquaporin group. The AQP1‐GFP fusion protein clearly demonstrated the subcellular localization of AQP1 on the contractile vacuole complex, except for the decorated spongiome membrane. The functional analyses of aqp1 were done by RNA interference‐based gene silencing, using an established feeding method. The aqp1 was found to be crucial for the total fluid output of the cell, the function of contractile vacuole membranes.