bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An effective approach for CT lung segmentation using region growing
Authors: Yang Xi , Xu Guanyu , Zhou Teng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractX-ray is an important means of detecting lung diseases. With the increasing incidence of lung diseases, computer-aided diagnosis technology is of great significance in clinical treatment. It has become a hot research direction to use computer-aided diagnosis to recognize chest radiography images, which can alleviate the uneven status of regional medical level. For clinical diagnosis, medical image segmentation can enable users to timely obtain the target region they are interested in and analyze it, which is significant to be used as an important basis for auxiliary research and judgment. In this case, a region growing algorithm based on threshold presegmentation is selected for lung segmentation, which integrates image enhancement, threshold segmentation, seed point selection and morphological post-processing, etc., to improve the segmentation effect, which also has certain reference value for other medical image processing.
Research on Carbon Emissions of Electric Vehicles by Constructing Mathematical Model Based on Big Data
Authors: Ren Mu-zhen , Wang Yi-xiao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
After the “3060” carbon peak and neutrality strategic goal was put forward, various industries actively responded to find new ways for energy conservation and emission reduction. In the field of automobile manufacturing, the transition from traditional fuel vehicles to electric vehicles is an inevitable trend. This paper builds a mathematical model that uses the three major indicators of carbon emissions per 100 kilometers, energy-saving emission reduction coefficients, and annual carbon emissions as parameters to measure carbon emissions benefits, and combines survey data to conduct empirical analysis to explore the advantages of electric vehicles in energy saving and emission reduction compared with traditional fuel vehicles under different power supply structures. At the same time, based on the existing data and conclusions, the research is extended to the analysis of carbon emissions prospects in decades, and the possible contribution of future electric vehicles in energy utilization and environmental protection is predicted, to explore its role in promoting the achievement of the double-carbon goal, and put forward corresponding recommendations based on the research results.
An improved Vision Transformer-based method for classifying surface defects in hot-rolled strip steel
Authors: Feng Xinglong , Gao Xianwen , Luo Ling 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A new Vision Transformer(ViT) model is proposed for the classification of surface defects in hot rolled strip, optimizing the poor learning ability of the original Vision Transformer model on smaller datasets. Firstly, each module of ViT and its characteristics are analyzed; Secondly, inspired by the deep learning model VGGNet, the multilayer fully connected layer in VGGNet is introduced into the ViT model to increase its learning capability; Finally, by performing on the X-SDD hot-rolled steel strip surface defect dataset. The effect of the improved algorithm is verified by comparison experiments on the X-SDD hot-rolled strip steel surface defect dataset. The test results show that the improved algorithm achieves better results than the original model in terms of accuracy, recall, F1 score, etc. Among them, the accuracy of the improved algorithm on the test set is 5.64% higher than ViT-Base and 2.64% higher than ViT-Huge; the accuracy is 4.68% and 1.36% higher than both of them, respectively.
Research on Big Data Computing Model based on Spark and Big Data Application
Authors: Chen Sida 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Under the background of the information age, with the rapid development of cloud computing and Internet of things technology, all kinds of data information grow rapidly. How to transform massive data information into effective resources is the key point of big data technology research. This paper introduces the inherent laws of big data mining technology, determine and use valuable information data, which can open a new thinking and cognitive perspective, and it is of great significance to the development of the social economy. It can be concluded that the big data ecosystem based on spark platform and application of big data still have a lot of room for development, but there are also some problems. Nowadays, as a low latency cluster distributed computing system for big data collection, spark platform can provide more support for improving the efficiency of big data mining, but some of its methods are not perfect.
A systematic study of LYSO:Ce, LuAG:Ce and GAGG:Ce scintillating fibers properties
Authors: Rusiecka K. , Hetzel R. , Kasper J. , Kazemi Kozani M. , Kohlhase N. , Kołodziej M. , Lalik R. , Magiera A. , Migdał W. , Rafecas M. , Stahl A. , Urbanevych V. , Wong M.L. , Wrońska A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Properties of different scintillating fibers were examined
and compared, as a part of the design optimization of the SiFi-CC
detector, currently under development for proton therapy monitoring.
Three scintillating materials were considered as candidates to
constitute the active part of the detector: LYSO:Ce, LuAG:Ce and
GAGG:Ce. All investigated samples had an elongated, fiber-like shape
and were read out on both ends using silicon photomultipliers
(SiPMs). Samples of LYSO:Ce material provided by four different
manufacturers were included in the survey. Additionally, different
types of optical coupling media, wrapping and coating materials were
investigated. The following properties of the scintillating fibers
were determined: attenuation length, position-, energy-, timing
resolution and light collection. Two models were used to describe
the propagation of scintillating light in the fiber and quantify the
light attenuation: exponential light attenuation model (ELA) and
exponential light attenuation model with light reflection
(ELAR). Energy and position reconstruction were also performed using
the two above methods. It was shown, that the ELAR model performs
better in terms of description of the light attenuation
process. However, energy and position reconstruction results are
comparable for the two proposed methods. Based on the results of
measurements with scintillating fibers in different configurations
we concluded that LYSO:Ce fibers wrapped in Al foil (bright side
facing towards the fiber) provided the best trade-off between the
energy- (8.56% at 511 keV) and position (32 mm) resolutions and
thus will be the optimal choice for the SiFi-CC
detector. Additionally, the study of different optical coupling
media showed, that the silicone pads coupling ensures good stability
of the system performance and parameters.
Model adaptation mechanisms of cultivated plants in extreme conditions
Authors: Anikieva E N , Anikiev A A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study presents a new mathematical model of the physiology of the plant open system development in the conditions far from equilibrium. Unlike existing approaches, our model is based on the equations describing competition for the substrate between the three main compartments of cultivated plants - the root, stem and leaf system in extreme conditions. Exchange with the external environment occurs through two channels - through the leaves and the root system. The internal control channel is defined as a function of limiting the plant biomass through the biomass of the individual structural parts. The model viability was tested on the example of physiological model of tomato development. The system’s behavior was studied under two varieties of extreme conditions - a lack of nutrients in the soil and a low level or lack of solar radiation. In the first case, the model shows the restructuring of the system after several levels of vibrations to a stable state with a low consumption of substrate and a redistribution of the leaves, stem and root masses. In the second case, the calculations show a significant suppression of leaf cover biomass and mass redistribution in favor of the stem and root. However, even in this case, after a period of instability, the system comes to a stable state with the mass of the stem exceeding the mass of other structures. For each case, phase trajectories of the biomass and substrates behavior are constructed.
Biochemical and technological evaluation of peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) for functional food products
Authors: Medelyaeva A Yu , Bukharov A F , Trunov Yu V , Lisova E N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Pepper is one of the main nightshade vegetables in open and protected ground. There are a large number of varieties and hybrids that differ in agrotechnological characteristics and biochemical composition of fruits (content of dry substances, sugars, vitamins and other biologically active substances). However, not all varieties are suitable for being processed into functional food products. The article considers the assortment of sweet and hot peppers for open ground in terms of yield, commercial qualities and biochemical composition of fruits: the content of dry substances, sugars, vitamin C. Comprehensive assessment of 8 varieties of sweet peppers and 5 varieties of hot peppers identified the varieties Spartak, Kvazar and Pleiades (sweet pepper) and varieties G-1713 and Debut (hot pepper), which have high yields, marketability, vitamin value and suitability for processing into functional products. In breeding work, varieties of sweet pepper are of interest for use as sources of the main economically valuable traits: by yield – Spartak, Pleiades; by weight of fruits – Kvazar; pericarp wall thickness – Spartak, Kvazar; by the content of sugars and dry substances – Spartak, Biktash; by the content of vitamin C – Spartak, Biktash, Kvazar, Pleiades; hot pepper varieties: by yield – G-1713; by weight of fruits – Debut, Kozerog, G-1713; by the content of dry matter and vitamin C – Kozerog, G-1713; by vitamin C content – Debut.
Cytoanatomical marker traits of the ploidy level in fruit and berry crops
Authors: Dubrovsky M L , Papikhin R V , Muratova S A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
For use in breeding work, the methods of complex accelerated cytological diagnosis of genotypes of fruit and berry crops with an altered ploidy level were optimized. The proposed diagnostic method was tested on polyploids of the genus Malus, Fragaria, Ribes, Rubus, rowan-pear hybrids and is recommended for wide scientific and practical application in the plant breeding and cytology. The effectiveness of this method is ensured by its availability and reliable statistical differences in accounting parameters. In a comprehensive cytological diagnosis of forms of fruit and berry crops with an increased level of ploidy, it is proposed to first study the morphoanatomical traits (sizes and proportions of stomatal guard cells, the number of chloroplasts in them, the diameter of pollen grains). This will significantly reduce the time of laboratory analysis and field assessment by deleting forms with unchanged indicator values.
Stabilization methods and biochemical parameters of drone brood
Authors: Budnikova N V , Mitrofanov D V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The range of practical use of bee products is constantly expanding. Among the large assortment of these products, in recent years, drone brood larvae have received great attention, which can be obtained without harming the bee colony during the active period of the beekeeping season. Drone brood contains a complex of biologically active substances, including unique fatty acids, vitamins, essential amino acids, steroid hormones. The content in the drone brood of a large amount of nutritious and biologically active components serves as the basis for its inclusion in the diet of animal feeding and the diet of people in order to improve the body’s health. Drone brood homogenate is a new beekeeping product, which is a biomass obtained from homogenized drone larvae. This product is a biologically active raw material with a rich composition necessary for the normal functioning of the body. Once removed from the hive, the brood must be stabilized for further use. In this work, the following methods of stabilization of the drone brood homogenate have been studied: freezing, adsorption using a lactose-glucose adsorbent, and lyophilization. The use of stabilization of drone brood by means of freeze-drying (freeze-drying) allows preserving some biologically active compounds in the brood. But freeze-dried products actively adsorb moisture from the environment, which stimulates the development of reactions that lead to a decrease in the quality of the product. Adsorption, in comparison with freeze drying, makes it possible to better preserve biologically active substances in a homogenate obtained from drone larvae. Stabilization of drone brood by freezing provided the most complete fixation of the most important components of drone brood in contrast to other stabilization methods.
The breeding of spring rapeseed and brown mustard for resistance to Fusarium blight
Authors: Serdyuk O A , Trubina V S , Gorlova L A 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring the growth season, the plants of rapeseed (Brassica napusL.) and brown mustard (Brassica junceaL.) are affected by various diseases: Fusarium blight, Verticillium blight, Alternaria blight, and others. The cultivation of rapeseed and mustard varieties resistant to diseases is a cost-effective and environmentally safe way to protect plants from diseases. The aim of the work was to evaluate the new breeding material of spring rapeseed and brown mustard for resistance to Fusarium blight in the form of tracheomycotic wilting of plants to continue breeding work to develop varieties of these crops. In 2017-2020, we carried out a phytopathological evaluation of new breeding samples of rapeseed and brown mustard for resistance to Fusarium blight. As a result, we selected a valuable breeding material of spring rapeseed and brown mustard resistant to Fusarium blight infection, which also exceeds the standard by economic characters. The productivity of the best selected samples is higher than the varieties Tavrion and Nika by 0.13-0.59 and 0.18-0.28 t/ha, respectively, the oil content of seeds – by 0.2-2.0 and 1.2-2.1 %, respectively. These samples will be used as donors of Fusarium blight resistance in breeding work during development of new varieties of spring rapeseed and brown mustard in the central zone of Krasnodar region.
Anatomical and morphological traits of the okra root system and the growing practice in plastic-covered greenhouses
Authors: Terekhova V I , Konstantinovich A V 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe article presents studies of the anatomical and morphological traits of the okra root system and elements of the okra growing practice in plastic-covered greenhouses. The studies were carried out in 2018–2020 on the territory of the Educational and Scientific Production Center “Vegetable Experimental Station named after V. I. Edelstein”, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The two ways of formation were studied (1 and 2 stems). As a result of the research, the anatomical and morphological traits of the okra root system were clarified, the highest yield of okra fruits of the Lady’s Finger variety was established when plants were formed in two shoots. To obtain the highest yield of fruits, we recommend growing the Lady’s Finger variety, forming plants in 2 shoots, while the yield is 1.6 kg/m2, which is 0.2 kg/m2higher than the yield of this variety obtained when plants were formed in 1 shoot.
Evaluation of Hermetia illucens fly maggots zoocompost influence on some agrophysical parameters of soil
Authors: Pendyrin E A , Starostina I V , Solntsev P I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nowadays the application of intensive agriculture methods, based on using mineral fertilizers, plant-protecting agents, cultivating operations, has resulted in soil cover degradation. The usage of organic fertilizers can improve the structure and agrochemical characteristics of soil. As organic fertilizers the composts of various compositions are used, including those based on poultry-farming and stock-raising enterprises’ waste with the use of other components – peat, sapropel, wood processing waste and food production waste. The application of composts represented with vermiculture products is also known – the organic matter vermicomposting products, or those formed at rearing insects, for example, Hermetia illucens fly. As a result of organic waste bioconversion by feeding it to Hermetia illucens fly maggots a zoocompost is formed, which is a mix of maggots’ excrements and undigested waste residues. In this work we researched the influence of zoocompost, formed at rearing maggots of a fly of the dipteran order – Hermetia illucens, – its amount, conditions and methods of its application on physical characteristics of soil fertility – granulometric texture and moisture deposit at the end of growing season. The evaluation was performed by results of a micro-plot field experiment on a specially allotted plot. The research findings have demonstrated that zoocompost in its nutrient elements content corresponds to organic fertilizers, and by its physical parameters it can be used as soil loosener. The application of zoocompost to soil samples in amount of 5 t/ha increases the moisture deposit by 28.4% and improves the structural state of soil to the «good» grade in comparison with the control plot.
Role of kura clover (Trifolium Ambiguum bieb.) of Vys variety in the growth of the forage base of the Tambov region
Authors: Arkova Z A , Arkov K A , Aliev T H-H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Central Black Earth region, the issue of the sustainable development of forage production, which can be increased through the expansion of the range of cultivated species of perennial legumes, has become relevant. The need to increase the share of areas of perennial grasses is connected with the fact that natural lands and annual forage crops have low productivity. Forage grasses are characterized by a number of unique economically valuable properties and characteristics. In this regard, there is an urgent need to increase their sown areas, as well as to improve natural lands, create hayfields and pastures. One of the limiting factors is the insufficient provision of seeds for a new fodder crop - Vys clover of a kura variety. It is kura clover that plays an important role in the creation of a solid forage base for animal husbandry in the Tambov region. Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb) is characterized by a number of valuable traits and properties. In this regard, for the first time in the Central Black Earth Region, its biology and morphological development began to be studied and the optimal terms and methods of sowing this perennial legume crop are being developed. It will allow obtaining stable seed yields. The technology for obtaining seeds of this forage crop of the Vys variety in the forest-steppe conditions of the Central Black Earth Region is currently in the process of development. Therefore, the ongoing research on agrotechnical methods of the cultivation of kura clover seeds is very relevant and the development of individual agricultural methods of its cultivation technology of seeds is one of the important tasks of forage production.
Development of adaptive technology for cultivation and processing of rosebay willow-herb (Chamaenérionangustifolium)
Authors: Danilin S I , Kuzmenko S L , Rodionov Yu V , Kargin E I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The propagation methods of rosebay willow-herb were studied on the basis of theoretical and experimental studies, the optimal size of the feeding area of one plant in a field was described and established. The efficiency of cultivating these plants depending on the time of sowing in winter greenhouses and the field planting scheme was determined, scientific and practical justification of the feasibility of cultivating rosebay willow-herb as a raw material for the processing industry in the North-Eastern part of Tambov Region was given in order to obtain dry vegetable concentrate for the production of soft drinks, syrups, natural additives for functional enrichment of food products. A non-waste concentrate production technology was developed and implemented using gentle modes and intensive processes, such as two-stage vacuum-pulse drying, vacuum extraction.
New fish product enriched with essential micronutrients
Authors: Suhareva T N , Toporkova K I , Yu Tolstova N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In order to improve the nutritional value of fish products and intensify metabolic processes, various micronutrients are added into fish products. They enrich the products with proteins, vitamins and minerals and reduce the calorie content. When developing a recipe for fish products, the possibility of partial replacement of wheat bread with flaxseed bran with seeds and water with turnips was analyed. The addition of flaxseed bran with seeds and turnips can enrich the product with dietary fiber, micro - and macroelements, vitamins. To determine the optimal percentage of plant raw materials, samples with the addition of linseed bran with seeds and turnips (10, 20 and 30%) were analyzed. A higher percentage has a negative effect on the organoleptic properties of the product.
Modeling the productivity of intensive and super-intensive apple orchards in the midland of Russia
Authors: Trunov Yu V , Solovyev A V , Zavrazhnov A A , Tarova Z N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
It is known that the main trend in the development of modern world gardening is the creation of intensive and super-intensive gardens, and the degree of intensity of the garden increases with an increase in the number of trees per unit area (compaction of tree layout). The paper considers the patterns of productivity of intensive apple orchards during the reproductive cycle depending on tree planting density. The paper presents the models of apple tree productivity in intensive and super-intensive orchards representing regression equations approximated by polynomials of 2 and 3 degree with determination coefficients R2=0.97-0.99. According to the above models, a total yield of up to 516 ton/ha may be obtained in an intensive garden with a tree planting density of up to 1500 wood/ha for 18 years of commercial fruiting, a total yield of up to 790 ton/ha may be obtained in a super-intensive garden with a planting density of more than 9,500 wood/ha for 16 years of commercial fruiting (an increase in the total productivity of planted vegetation of more than 1.5 times). The models (dependencies) of development of industrial apple orchards of different planting scheme are obtained, approximated by sigmoidal logistic functions defining three stages of logistic yield growth at the beginning of garden development (“growing up”), having exponential, linear and hyperbolic nature respectively. Logistics trends of the relative yield of the garden and the relative productivity of trees were established, according to which an increase in the yield of industrial gardens due to an increase in planting density is accompanied by a decrease in the productivity of fruit trees.