bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of Nimn2o4 Hollow Spheres and Cofe2o4 Bowl-Like Structures by Using Block Copolymer Stabilized Polystyrene Spheres as a Hard Template
Authors: Kocak Gökhan , Bütün Vural 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to highlight the use of polystyrene (PS) latexes stabilized with block copolymers as a hard template in the production of metal oxide hollow spheres. PS latexes produced by dispersion polymerization by stabilizing with tertiary amine methacrylate-based diblock copolymer were used as a hard template in the preparation of nickel manganese oxide (NiMn2O4) hollow spheres and iron cobalt oxide (CoFe2O4) bowl-like structures. Thanks to the diblock copolymer stabilizer with tertiary amine functional groups on the PS surface, precursor salts of CoFe2O4 and NiMn2O4 were first homogeneously deposited on the surface of PS latexes with a controlled precipitation technique. Then, metal oxide hollow spheres and bowl-like structures were produced by calcination. XRD results showed that CoFe2O4 and NiMn2O4 structures were successfully obtained after calcination. The thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the CoFe2O4 and NiMn2O4 contents of the hybrid PS spheres were in the range of 26.0-28.6 wt%. SEM images showed that the inorganic-polymer spheres fused with each other after calcination to form larger magnetic CoFe2O4 bowl-like structures. SEM images also indicated successful production of highly rough NiMn2O4 hollow spheres with nano-sheets on the surface.
Structural, electronic, optical and thermoelectric analysis of Rb/Cs2TeBr6 Vacancy ordered double perovskites
Authors: Ali Malak Azmat , Murtaza G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It is compulsory to develop technologies able to generate energy at negligible cost to the environment. Therefore, in present work, lead free vacancy ordered double perovskites Rb/Cs2TeBr6 were reported as green energy materials on basis of full potential linearized augmented plane wave method calculations. The study has been carried out in terms of structural, electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties. It was noted from values of tolerance factor and formation energy that both Rb/Cs2TeBr6 compounds are stable in perovskite structure. The band gaps were calculated in close resemblance with experiments. These values (2.09 eV Rb2TeBr6 and 2.10 eV for Cs2TeBr6 with EV-GGA) were examined in visible range of electromagnetic spectrum. The optical properties such as real and imaginary parts of dielectric function, optical conductivity and reflectivity ensured the use of Rb/Cs2TeBr6 compounds for solar cell applications. Also, the reasonable values of Seebeck coefficients and figure of merit proposed the studied compounds for thermoelectric power generation.
Lack of improvement in sepsis care on the wards: results of four consecutive yearly point-prevalence studies in Wales
Authors: Kopczynska Maja , Unwin Harry , Pugh Richard , Sharif Ben , Chandy Thomas , Davies Daniel , Shield Matthew , Purchase David , Tilley Samuel , Poacher Arwel , Oliva Lewis , Willis Sam , Ray Isabelle , Hui John , Payne Bethan , Wardle Eilis , Andrew Fi , Chan Hei Priscilla , Barrington Jack , Hale Jay , Hawkins Joanna , Nicholas Jess , Wirt Lara , Thomas Lowri , Walker Megan , Pan Myat , Ray Tallulah , Asim Umair , Maidman Victoria , Atiyah Zeid , Nasser Zain , Tan Zhao , Tan Laura , Szakmany Tamas , Collaborators Welsh Digital Data Collection Platform 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The ‘Sepsis Six’ bundle was promoted as a more deliverable tool outside of the critical care settings, but there is very little data available on the progress and change of sepsis care outside the critical care environment in the UK. Our aim was to compare the yearly prevalence, outcome and the Sepsis Six bundle compliance in patients at risk of mortality from sepsis in non-intensive care environments. Methods: Patients with a National Early Warning Score (NEWS) of 3 or above and suspected or proven infection were enrolled into four yearly 24-hour point prevalence studies, carried out in fourteen hospitals across Wales from 2016-2019. Results: Out of the 26,947 patients screened 1,651 fulfilled inclusion criteria and were recruited. The full ‘Sepsis Six’ care bundle was completed on 223 (14.0%) occasions, with no significant difference between the years. On 190 (11.5%) occasions none of the bundle elements were completed. There was no significant correlation between bundle element compliance, NEWS or year of study. One hundred and seventy (10.7%) patients were seen by critical care outreach; the ‘Sepsis Six’ bundle was completed significantly more often in this group (54/170, 32.0%) than for patients who were not reviewed by critical care outreach (168/1385, 11.6%; p<0.0001)Overall, 1349 patients (81.2%) survived to 30 days with a mean survival time of 26.5 days (95% CI 26.1-26.9) with no difference between each year of study. 90-day survival for years 2017 – 2019 was 74.7%, with no difference between the years. In multivariate regression we identified older age, heart failure, recent chemotherapy, higher frailty score and do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation orders as significantly associated with increased 30-day mortality. Conclusions: Our data suggests that despite efforts to increase sepsis awareness within the NHS, there is poor compliance with the sepsis care bundles and no change in the high mortality over the study period. Further research is needed to determine which time-sensitive ward-based interventions can reduce mortality in patients with sepsis and how can these results be embedded to routine clinical practice.Trial registration: Defining Sepsis on the Wards ISRCTN 86502304 https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN86502304 prospectively registered 09/05/2016
Beta-lactam vs Fluoroquinolone Monotherapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Reid Eric , Walters Ryan , Destache Christopher 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections. A variety of antibiotic classes are used in the treatment of PA infections, including beta-lactams (BLs) and fluoroquinolones (FQs), given either together in combination therapy or alone in monotherapy. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of BL agents versus FQ agents as active, definitive monotherapy in PA infections in adults.Methods: Comprehensive literature searches of Medline and Scopus electronic databases, alongside hand searches of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, and Google Scholar, were performed without time restriction to identify studies published in English comparing BL and FQ agents given as monotherapy for PA infection in hospitalized adults for which mortality, bacteriological eradication, or clinical response was evaluated. One reviewer screened search results based on pre-defined selection criteria. Two reviewers independently assessed included studies for methodological quality using NIH assessment tools. Two fixed-effects meta-analyses were performed.Results: A total of 368 articles were screened, and 6 studies involving 338 total patients were included in the meta-analysis. Upon evaluation of methodological quality, 2 studies were rated good, 3 fair, and 1 poor. A meta-analysis of 3 studies demonstrates FQ monotherapy is associated with significantly improved survival compared to BL monotherapy for patients with PA bacteremia (OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.27-10.44; p=.02). A meta-analysis of 3 studies demonstrates FQ monotherapy is associated with equivalent bacteriological eradication compared to BL monotherapy for PA pneumonia or skin and soft tissue infection (RD, 0.07; 95% CI, -0.09 to 0.24; p=.39).Conclusion: The meta-analyses demonstrate FQ monotherapy significantly improves survival in PA bacteremia and is associated with similar rates of bacteriological eradication in pneumonia and skin and soft tissue infection caused by PA compared to BL monotherapy. However, more research is needed to make meaningful clinical recommendations.
UBE2T knockdown inhibits cell growth and metastasis of breast cancer through Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Xueqin Tao , Jinhong Mei , Yuping Huang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Emerging evidences have demonstrated that Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T) is dysregulated and play critical roles in various cancers. With the development of sequencing technology, studies have discovered that UBE2T is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues. However, the biological roles of UBE2T in breast cancer are still far to clear. In the present study, Methods: We analyzed the UBE2T expression in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to assess the expression of UBE2T in breast cancer cell lines. Cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were determined by using CCK-8, EdU, Transwell and western blot assays.Results: UBE2T was highly expressed in breast cancer cell lines. Functional analysis revealed that silence or elevation of UBE2T inhibited or promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related markers of MCF-7 cells. Mechanically, blocking of Wnt/β-catenin pathway by XAV939 reversed the promotion effect of UBE2T overexpression on breast cancer cells’ proliferation, migration and invasion.Conclusion: Our findings emphasized that UBE2T may act as an oncogene via activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
YBX1 promotes laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma progression via activating MAPK/ERK signaling as a target of miR-382-5p
Authors: Zeng Wen , Pan Yiyun , Luo Keqing , Tian Keqiang , Li Rong , Zhang Xiangmin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background. Y-box binding protein-1 (YBX1) influences the onset and progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains unknown. The present study therefore sought to explore the mechanistic role of YBX1 in LSCC. Methods.Analyses of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and associated bioinformatics analyses revealed that YBX1 was upregulated in LSCC, and we further confirmed this result using primary LSCC patient samples. We additionally explored the impact of siRNA-mediated YBX1 knockdown on LSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion using CCK8, wound healing, and Transwell assays. We then conducted interrogated miRNA databases and conducted subsequent luciferase reporter assays to confirm that miR-382-5p binds to YBX1. Additional studies of the mechanisms downstream of this miR-382-5p/YBX1 axis focused on detecting the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signaling-related genes via qPCR and Western blotting. Results.We detected significant upregulation of YBX1 in LSCC tumors that was significantly correlated with advanced TNM stage and poor patient prognosis. Knockdown of YBX1 markedly impaired the proliferative, invasive, and migratory activity of Tu212 cells in vitro. From a mechanistic perspective, miR-382-5p was found to bind to the YBX1 3&rsquo;-untranslated region and to thereby inhibit LSCC progression. We further confirmed that miR-382-5p negatively regulated YBX1 to inhibit proliferation via the MAPK/ ERK signaling axis in LSCC. Conclusion.Together, our results indicated that YBX1 is an important promoter of LSCC progression, and that miR-382-5p can suppress YBX1 expression and inactivate MAPK/ERK signaling. These findings may thus highlight novel and promising prognostic and therapeutic targets in the context of LSCC.
Radiofrequency ablation, TACE and combined treatment for multiple recurrent HCC patients within the Milan criteria
Authors: Zhang Bo , Wan Juan , Xu Xi , Li Yongkun , Lv Tao , Yang Jiayin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to compare radiofrequency ablation ,TACE and their combined treatment in terms of safety and efficacy.Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out on the medical records of patients who had previously undergone curative hepatic resection and suffered multiple recurrent HCCs within the Milan criteria. The cohort of patients receiving RFA was compared to the cohort of patients receiving TACE and combined treatment. Disease outcome was investigated in terms of survival after recurrence.Results From January 2006 to April 2014, 964 patients with recurrent HCC were enrolled in the database of West China Hospital. A total of 360 patients (37.3%) were enrolled in this retrospective study based on the inclusion criteria. In these patients, 177 (49.2%) received TACE, 121 (33.6%) received RFA, and 62 (17.2%) underwent combined treatment (CT). There was a statistically significant difference between the survival rates among the 3 groups: in the TACE group, the median survival time (MST) was 25 months, with 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates of 93.1%, 50.0% and 26.4%, respectively; in the RFA group, the MST was 33 months, with 1- ,2-, and 3-year survival rates of 96.7%, 65.7% and 40.1%, respectively; and in the CT group, the MST was 36 months, with 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates of 96.8%, 78.1% and 48.6%, respectively.Conclusion Compared with TACE, RFA and combined treatment demonstrated a survival benefit for managing patients who had HCC recurrence with a total of 2–3 tumours.
Successful outcome after intralesional curettage for spindle cell hemangioma of fibula: a case report
Authors: Wang Rufa , Han Tao , Zhou Xiaoguang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSpindle cell hemangioma (SCH), a non-neoplastic reactive vascular lesion, rarely locates in bones. We herein report a successful case of intralesional curettage for an infant with SCH of fibula.Case presentationA 11-month-old male patient was admitted to our center with a painless mass in right proximal calf. Preoperative digital radiograph demonstrated a massive vascular lesion with an irregular bone destruction of proximal fibula. The lesion was removed via the intralesional curettage approach and pathologically diagnosed as SCH. After the surgery, the patient gained bone structure recovery of right proximal fibula. Two years after the surgery, he experienced no local recurrence.ConclusionFor the management of SCH of fibula with partial bone destruction, we suggest early-stage intralesional curettage as its safety and effectiveness.
The efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccine: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: XUE XiaLi , Deng Zhongyi , Li Ning , Zhou Ling , Wang Nan , Xu Fan , Wang Xiaokun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the most wide-spread and threatening infectious diseases in human history. Experts in the field of medicine and biology are working to develop methods to treat and prevent COVID-19. Currently, COVID-19 is predominantly treated with symptomatic therapy and there is still a lack of effective antiviral therapy. Therefore, the prevention and control of novel coronavirus is primarily focused on vaccine development. Several vaccines have been developed, but their relative efficacy and safety have not been proven. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines.Methods and analysis: The electronic databases we will use to retrieve information include PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database and Weipu Electronics. The retrieval period is from the establishment of the database to March 2021. All randomized controlled trials in humans vaccinated with COVID-19 were collected, and data were independently selected and extracted according to predesigned inclusion/exclusion criteria. Full-text screening, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers. Two additional investigators will conduct report quality, risk of bias, sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis to ensure the reliability of our study results. The software RevMan 5.3 was used for statistical analysis. Systematic review and meta-analyses will be conducted to evaluate the pooled evidence of efficacy and safety of the COVID-19 vaccines.Result: This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of the COVID-19 vaccines.Conclusion: The conclusions of this study will provide an evidence-based analysis of the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021242581
The causal role of magnesium deficiency in the neuroinflammation, pain hypersensitivity and memory/emotional deficits in ovariectomized and aging mice
Authors: Liu Xian-guo , Zhang Jun , Mai Chun-lin , Xiong Ying , Lin Zhen-Jia , Jie Ying-Tao , Mai Jie-Zhen , Liu Chong , Xie Man-Xiu , Zhou Xin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Postmenopausal women often suffer from chronic pain, memory decline and mood depression. The mechanisms underlying the neuronal disorders are not fully understood and effective treatment is still lacking.Methods: Oral administration of magnesium-L-threonate was tested to treat the neuronal disorders in ovariectomized and aging mice. The pain hypersensitivity, memory function and depression were measured with a set of behavioral tests. Western blots and immunochemistry were used to assess molecular changes.Results: Chronic oral administration of magnesium-L-threonate substantially prevented or reversed the chronic pain, and memory/emotional deficits in both ovariectomized and aging female mice. We found that phospho-p65, an active form of nuclear factor-kappaB, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta were significantly upregulated in the neurons of dorsal root ganglion, spinal dorsal horn and hippocampus in ovariectomized and aging mice. The microglia and astrocytes were activated in spinal dorsal horn and hippocampus. The peptidergic C-fibers in dorsal horn were increased, which are associated with potentiation of C-fiber-mediated synaptic transmission in the model mice. In parallel with neuroinflammation and synaptic potentiation, free Mg2+ levels in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and dorsal root ganglion neurons were significantly reduced. Oral magnesium-L-threonate normalized the neuroinflammation, synaptic potentiation and Mg2+ deficiency, but did not affect the estrogen decline in ovariectomized and aging mice. Furthermore, in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons estrogen elevated intracellular Mg2+, and depressed the upregulation of phospho-p65, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta exclusively in the presence of extracellular Mg2+.Conclusions: Estrogen decline in menopause causes neuroinflammation by reducing intracellular Mg2+ in neurons, leading to chronic pain, memory/emotional deficits. Thus, supplement Mg2+ by oral magnesium-L-threonate may be a novel approach for treating menopause-related neuronal disorders.
A Questionnaire-Based Assessment of Functional Dry Eye Disease in Working-class Population in Shanghai, China
Authors: Wang Nianhong , Chen Dan , Liu Yan , Weng Huan , Wang Huiying , Xiao Weibao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

To investigate the current status, morbidity, and risk factors of functional dry eye disease (DED) in Shanghai's working-class population. On this basis, exploring measures and methods to fundamentally cure and prevent functional DED.
Methods

A questionnaire form was used to record the data of the diagnosed functional DED working-class subjects in Shanghai, the results were recorded and analyzed. Additionally, the subjective symptoms of DED subjects and the respective clinical results were also recorded. The classification and corneal staining between subjects who wear contact lens or without were compared. The correlation of classification and corneal staining with their risk factors were also analyzed.
Results

The risk factors of functional DED showed much in common though their works have professional particularity. EDE accounts for a large proportion of DED (45.35%), many subjects coexist symptoms and signs of mixed DED (32.64%). The age of 21–40 is the peak year range (70.4%). Contact lens, visual terminals, air-conditioner, decoration, stay up later, sleep disorder, smoking were risk factors in most functional DED subjects. Notably, contact lens is a leading risk factor to cause functional DED and ocular surface complications (both were p < 0.01), while deep sleep seems to be a protective factor (p < 0.01%).
Conclusion

The incidence of functional DED in Shanghai is kept in a high level, most risk factors are closely related to daily work and life, while they are almost reversible. Exploring and eradicating these daily risk factors seems to be a more preferable way to fundamentally control and prevent functional DED.
Modelling the damage costs of invasive alien species
Authors: Ahmed Danish A. , Hudgins Emma J. , Cuthbert Ross N. , Haubrock Phillip J. , Renault David , Bonnaud Elsa , Diagne Christophe , Courchamp Franck 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The rate of biological invasions is growing unprecedentedly, threatening ecological and socioeconomic systems worldwide. Quantitative understandings of invasion temporal trajectories are essential to discern current and future economic impacts of invaders, and then to inform future management strategies. Here, we examine the temporal trends of cumulative invasion costs by developing and testing a novel mathematical model with a population dynamical approach based on logistic growth. This model characterises temporal cost developments into four curve types (I - IV), each with distinct mathematical and qualitative properties, allowing for the parameterization of maximum cumulative costs, carrying capacities and growth rates. We test our model using damage cost data for eight genera (Rattus, Aedes, Canis, Oryctolagus, Sturnus, Ceratitis, Sus and Lymantria) extracted from the InvaCost database – which is the most up-to-date and comprehensive global compilation of economic cost estimates associated with invasive alien species. We find fundamental differences in the temporal dynamics of damage costs among genera, indicating they depend on invasion duration, species ecology and impacted sectors of economic activity. The fitted cost curves indicate a lack of broadscale support for saturation between invader density and impact, including for Canis, Oryctolagus and Lymantria, whereby costs continue to increase with no sign of saturation. For other taxa, predicted saturations may arise from data availability issues resulting from an underreporting of costs in many invaded regions. Overall, this population dynamical approach can produce cost trajectories for additional existing and emerging species, and can estimate the ecological parameters governing the linkage between population dynamics and cost dynamics.