bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carmen Covito’s <i>La Bruttina Stagionata</i>: Bridging Feminist and Post-Feminist Literature
Authors: Salsini Laura A. 
Published: January 2021

Carmen Covito’s 1992 novel La bruttina stagionata serves as a connective text between two significant moments in Italian women’s writing: the feminist works of the 1970s and those published in the 1990s. Covito’s text adopts the sensibilities of a feminist work in its description of the female protagonist’s trajectory from a state of victimization to one of confident self-awareness. But, like many of the novels written decades after the apogee of the women’s movement, La bruttina stagionata incorporates this poetics without the accompaniment of identifiable feminist practices, such as affidamento or autocoscienza, or the optimism and expectancy found in many works of the 1970s.
Uso strategico della L1: riflessioni ed esperienze
Authors: Torresan Paolo 
Published: January 2021

Perché scandalizzarsi a parlare di traduzione oggi, quando si tratta di una abilità messa in atto spontaneamente da molti studenti e praticata altrettanto sovente dagli insegnanti? In questo saggio partiamo da una ricognizione sull’uso della L1 nella storia della glottodidattica — preponderante nel metodo grammaticale-traduttivo, bandito nel metodo comunicativo — sino ad arrivare ad alcune proposte metodologiche di ricorso mirato avanzate in tempi recenti da diversi autori. Ci inseriremo in questo dibattito, condividendo con il lettore esperienze condotte nell’aula di italiano LS¹ ¹Un ringraziamento a quanti hanno collaborato alla realizzazione di questo articolo: gli studenti della Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e della Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Maria Franca Zuccarello, Carolina Giampietro e Franco Pauletto.
What a Difference a Sea Makes in the <i>Decameron</i>: The Mediterranean, a Structural Space of the Novella
Authors: Morosini Roberta 
Published: January 2021

This essay presents a reading of the Mediterranean sea as a narrative space in the Decameron. Through a reading of text and images, the paper illustrates the categories of mobile/static and foreign/domestic at work in the Decameron. It also introduces a third epistemological category, hybridity, at the centre of this study, which aims to establish the role and function of the Mediterranean in the fabula—the plot development—as well as in the structure of the novella itself, and ultimately in Boccaccio’s poetics.
Is the Mediterranean a “structural space” in (and of) the novella, hence in/of the Decameron? Does it make and forge “experiences” of women of different religions (and social origins) that differ from the experiences of men in the Medieval Mediterranean? The article proposes different cases of women travelling in the Decameron and discusses the paralysis and diaspora of women’s identity in the hybrid space of mobile Mediterranean, a foreign space of immobilization and dangers.
Paesaggio culturale italiano e secolarizzazione. Idiomi e narrazione dei monumenti nella rappresentazione novecentesca del sacro
Authors: Carillo Saverio 
Published: January 2021

L’architettura e gli spazi urbani delle città italiane, nei primi decenni successivi al Secondo conflitto mondiale, appaiono rappresentare in chiave figurata i contenuti di un nuovo innesto comportamentale sulla tradizionale edilizia che si confrontava con le coordinate contemporanee del consumismo. La definizione di un’inedita gamma valoriale — suscitata dalla modernità — viene sperimentata nella modifica degli atteggiamenti sottoscritti dalla popolazione rurale, per i quali non mancavano le osservazioni critiche di intellettuali come Pier Paolo Pasolini, che avvertiva, preoccupato, quanto potesse essere infido, per quella umanità, il cedere alla lusinga del comfort. Simili richiami alla responsabilità e al guardare con prudenza ai moderni ritrovati andavano interessando anche i prodotti di architettura, soprattutto per gli edifici sacri — da ricostruire o da realizzare ex-novo — che cedendo il passo alla modernità andavano rinunciando, in molti casi, all’implicita genesi di “opera monumentale,” essendo, per antonomasia, i luoghi di culto riconosciuti, da sempre, quali edifici identitari. Il sacro e l’architettura del sacro “subiscono” o “inverano” un processo di “desacralizzazione” per divenire testimonianze secolari.
Má oclusão e fonoaudiologia e fatores associados: revisão integrativa
Authors: Martins Flavia da Silva , Silva Marcilene Ferreira da , Souza Danilo Sampaio , Farias Ruth Raquel Soares de , Ramos Priscila Figueiredo Cruz 
Published: January 2021

A má oclusão pode ser definida como o alinhamento anormal dos dentes ou uma má relação entre os arcos dentários, da maneira pela qual os dentes superiores e inferiores se encaixam, causando assim alterações estruturais e funcionais. Avaliar o perfil de má oclusão e fatores associados de indivíduos em tratamento fonoaudiológico por meio de revisão de literatura. Para realização da pesquisa, escolheu-se o método de revisão integrativa, com abordagem qualitativa, foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico por meio de consulta nas bases de dados: Lilacs, Scielo e Pubmed. Os descritores utilizados na pesquisa foram: Epidemiologia, Ortodontia, Fonoaudiologia. Como critério de inclusão foram estabelecidos artigos científicos completos somente em língua portuguesa e inglesa, entre os anos de 2015 a 2020. Após a seleção dos resumos de estudos encontrados, cinco foram inclusos no estudo. Após realizada pesquisa nas bases de dados, formam encontrados cento e cinquenta artigos, sendo Pubmed 70; Lilacs 41; Scello 44. Após estudos dos títulos e resumos incoerentes ao tema, foram excluídos 114 e 26 eliminados por duplicação, foram selecionados por elegibilidade 20, após a leitura na integra, a amostra foi constituída por cinco artigos científicos, selecionados pelos critérios de inclusão previamente estabelecidos. Após a análise dos artigos selecionados para esta revisão, com o objetivo de facilitar a leitura e compreensão, os resultados foram agrupados em categorias: nível de evidência, classificação de oclusão e fatores associados. Conclui-se que a atuação interdisciplinar entre a odontologia e a fonoaudiologia é relevante para o restabelecimento estético e funcional.
Challenging poverty with green space in informal settlements of Quito
Authors: Loor Ignacio , Rivadeneira Lucía , Rivadeneira Julio 
Published: January 2021

Planners increasingly recognize the value of green spaces to the wellbeing of urban residents. Research on ecosystem services has produced much of what is known about such value, although the attention is mainly on the cities’ core while informal settlements remain overlooked. Using a case study of informal settlements in Quito, this paper focuses on how their residents use the neighboring green space to fight poverty. The study uses data from interviews, field notes, and archives to show how green spaces escalate the capabilities of the neighboring residents to access everyday resources. A preserved landscape enhances the ability to walk and travel to everyday destinations; allotments reduce the reliance on debts with shop keepers to access food; and sports fields enable income generation and pursue a career. These findings provide an understanding of how to address simultaneously environmental, social, and economic challenges in cities of developing countries. Planners engaged in the sustainable development agenda would benefit from this research.
Metformin Use Is Associated With Reduced Mortality in a Diverse Population With COVID-19 and Diabetes
Authors: Crouse Andrew B. , Grimes Tiffany , Li Peng , Might Matthew , Ovalle Fernando , Shalev Anath 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundCoronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a growing pandemic with an increasing death toll that has been linked to various comorbidities as well as racial disparity. However, the specific characteristics of these at-risk populations are still not known and approaches to lower mortality are lacking.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective electronic health record data analysis of 25,326 subjects tested for COVID-19 between 2/25/20 and 6/22/20 at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, a tertiary health care center in the racially diverse Southern U.S. The primary outcome was mortality in COVID-19-positive subjects and the association with subject characteristics and comorbidities was analyzed using simple and multiple linear logistic regression.ResultsThe odds ratio of contracting COVID-19 was disproportionately high in Blacks/African-Americans (OR 2.6; 95% CI 2.19–3.10; p&lt;0.0001) and in subjects with obesity (OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.64–2.28; p&lt;0.0001), hypertension (OR 2.46; 95% CI 2.07–2.93; p&lt;0.0001), and diabetes (OR 2.11; 95% CI 1.78–2.48; p&lt;0.0001). Diabetes was also associated with a dramatic increase in mortality (OR 3.62; 95% CI 2.11–6.2; p&lt;0.0001) and emerged as an independent risk factor in this diverse population even after correcting for age, race, sex, obesity, and hypertension. Interestingly, we found that metformin treatment prior to diagnosis of COVID-19 was independently associated with a significant reduction in mortality in subjects with diabetes and COVID-19 (OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.13–0.84; p=0.0210).ConclusionThus, these results suggest that while diabetes is an independent risk factor for COVID-19-related mortality, this risk is dramatically reduced in subjects taking metformin prior to diagnosis of COVID-19, raising the possibility that metformin may provide a protective approach in this high risk population.
Immune System Effects of Insulin-Like Peptide 5 in a Mouse Model
Authors: Vahkal Brett , Yegorov Sergey , Onyilagha Chukwunonso , Donner Jacqueline , Reddick Dean , Shrivastav Anuraag , Uzonna Jude , Good Sara V. 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionInsulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5) is a peptide hormone with proposed actions in glucose homeostasis and appetite regulation via its cognate receptor, relaxin family peptide receptor 4 (RXFP4). Here, we look for evidence for their involvement in the immune system using a mouse model.MethodsIn silico analyses: we queried public databases for evidence of expression of INSL5-RXFP4 in immune system tissues/cells (NCBI’s SRA and GeoProfiles) and disorders (EMBO-EBI) and performed phylogenetic footprinting to look for evidence that they are regulated by immune-associated transcription factors (TFs). Experimental analyses: We characterized the expression and correlation of INSL5/RXFP4 and other immune system markers in central and peripheral immune organs from C57/bl6 mice in seven cohorts. We tested whether fluctuations in circulating INSL5 induce an immune response, by injecting mice with 30 μg/kg of INSL5 peptide in the peritoneum, and examining levels of immune markers and metabolic peptides in plasma. Lastly, we quantified the expression of Rxfp4 in T-cells, dendritic cells and cell lines derived from human and mouse and tested the hypothesis that co-incubation of ANA-1 cells in INSL5 and LPS alters cytokine expression.ResultsWe find Insl5 expression only in thymus (in addition to colon) where its expression was highly correlated with Il-7, a marker of thymocyte development. This result is consistent with our in silico findings that Insl5 is highly expressed in thymic DP, DN thymocytes and cortical TEC’s, and with evidence that it is regulated by thymocyte-associated TF’s. We find Rxfp4 expression in all immune organs, and moderately high levels in DCs, particularly splenic DCs, and evidence that it is regulated by immune-associated TF’s, such as STAT’s and GATA. Systemic effects: We observed significantly elevated concentrations of blood GLP-1, GIP, GCG and PYY following intraperitoneal injection of INSL5, and significantly altered expression of cytokines IL-5, IL-7, M-CSF, IL-15, IL-27 and MIP-2. Immune cell effects: Incubation of ANA-1 cells with INSL5 impeded cell growth and led to a transient elevation of IL-15 and sustained reduction in IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα.ConclusionWe propose that INSL5-RXFP4 play a novel role in both central and peripheral immune cell signaling.
In Vitro Evaluation of MgB2 Powders as Novel Tools to Fight Fungal Biodeterioration of Heritage Buildings and Objects
Authors: Gheorghe Irina , Avram Ionela , Maria Corbu Viorica , Măruţescu Luminita , Popa Marcela , Balotescu Irina , Blăjan Ion , Mateescu Venus , Zaharia Daniela , Dumbravă Andreea Ştefania , Zetu Octavia Emilia , Pecete Ionut , Cristea Violeta Corina , Batalu Dan , Grigoroscuta Mihai Alexandru , Burdusel Mihail , Aldica Gheorghe Virgil , Badica Petre , Datcu Adina Daniela , Ianovici Nicoleta , Bleotu Coralia , Lazar Veronica , Diţu Lia Mara , Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen 
Published: January 2021

The 17th–19th century wooden and stone churches are an iconic symbol for the Romanian national heritage, raising urgent needs for the development of efficient and ecofriendly restoration and preservation solutions. Nanotechnology has a great but largely unexplored potential in this field, providing new tools and methods to achieve higher consolidation and protection efficiency, mainly due to the ability of nanoparticles to inhibit the growth and metabolic activity of different biodeteriorating agents, including fungi. The purpose of the present study was to report for the first time on the efficiency of MgB2materials, mainly prized for their practical superconducting properties, against a large collection of filamentous fungal strains recently isolated from biodeteriorated wooden and stone heritage objects. Four types of MgB2powders, with a crystallite size of 42–113 nm, were tested by qualitative (on 149 strains) and quantitative (on 87 strains) assays. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by the microscopic analysis of SiHa cells morphology and Hep2 cell cycle analysis and the ecotoxicity by theAlliumtest. The tested filamentous fungal strains belonged to 11 different genera, and those isolated from mural paintings and wooden objects exhibited the best capacity to colonize the inert substratum. All MgB2powders exhibited similar and relatively low minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values against theAspergillusandPenicilliumisolates, which were predominated among isolates. From the tested powders, PVZ and CERAC proved to be more efficient against the strains isolated from stone and wood materials, while LTS was active against the fungal strains colonizing the mural paintings and museum objects. The cytotoxicity results indicated that the tested powders are toxic for the human cells at concentrations higher than 50 µg/ml, but, however, the very short lifetime of these NPs prevents their accumulation in the natural environment and, thus, the occurrence of toxic effects. The tested powders proved to be ecofriendly at the active antifungal concentrations, as suggested by the phytotoxicity test results. Taken together, our results suggest the potential of the MgB2materials for the development of environmentally safe antifungal substances, which can be used in the control of the material cultural heritage biodeterioration process.
Characterization of Mucosal Lesions in Crohn's Disease Scored With Capsule Endoscopy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Marquès Camí Miquel , Serracarbasa Alba , D'Haens Geert , Löwenberg Mark 
Published: January 2021

Background and Aims: There is little agreement on the nomenclature and description of Crohn's disease (CD) lesions that can be found in the small and large bowel using capsule endoscopy (CE). We performed a systematic review to identify mucosal lesions that have been described using CE in CD, in both the small bowel and colon, with the aim to make propositions to homogenize such descriptions.Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using Embase, Medline (OvidSP), and Cochrane Central on August 6, 2019. Clinical studies providing nomenclature and descriptions for small bowel and colonic inflammatory lesions using CE in CD were selected for data collection.Results: In total, 851 articles were included for abstract screening out of which 219 were analyzed for full-text review. Twenty-two articles were selected for data extraction. Seven items, accompanied by clear descriptions, were found for the small bowel: i.e., ulcer, erosion, aphthoid lesion, edema, fissure, cobblestone appearance, and villous atrophy. No studies were found describing inflammatory items using CE in colonic CD.Conclusions: The most frequently described CD lesions using CE were ulcers and erosions. Subjective interpretation of CE inflammatory findings plays an important role. Based on our findings, a range of suggestions regarding items and descriptions is made that might form the basis of a pan-enteric CE activity index.
Delayed Neurosurgical Intervention in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Referred From Primary Hospitals Is Not Associated With an Unfavorable Outcome
Authors: Grevfors Niklas , Lindblad Caroline , Nelson David W. , Svensson Mikael , Thelin Eric Peter , Rubenson Wahlin Rebecka 
Published: January 2021

Background: Secondary transports of patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) may result in a delayed management and neurosurgical intervention, which is potentially detrimental. The aim of this study was to study the effect of triaging and delayed transfers on outcome, specifically studying time to diagnostics and neurosurgical management.Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study of TBI patients in need of neurosurgical care, 15 years and older, in the Stockholm Region, Sweden, from 2008 throughout 2014. Data were collected from pre-hospital and in-hospital charts. Known TBI outcome predictors, including the protein biomarker of brain injury S100B, were used to assess injury severity. Characteristics and outcomes of direct trauma center (TC) and those of secondary transfers were evaluated and compared. Functional outcome, using the Glasgow Outcome Scale, was assessed in survivors at 6–12 months after trauma. Regression models, including propensity score balanced models, were used for endpoint assessment.Results: A total of n = 457 TBI patients were included; n = 320 (70%) patients were direct TC transfers, whereas n = 137 (30%) were secondary referrals. In all, n = 295 required neurosurgery for the first 24 h after trauma (about 75% of each subgroup). Direct TC transfers were more severely injured (median Glasgow Coma Scale 8 vs. 13) and more often suffered a high energy trauma (31 vs. 2.9%) than secondary referrals. Admission S100B was higher in the TC transfer group, though S100B levels 12–36 h after trauma were similar between cohorts. Direct or indirect TC transfer could be predicted using propensity scoring. The secondary referrals had a shorter distance to the primary hospital, but had later radiology and surgery than the TC group (all p &lt; 0.001). In adjusted multivariable analyses with and without propensity matching, direct or secondary transfers were not found to be significantly related to outcome. Time from trauma to surgery did not affect outcome.Conclusions: TBI patients secondary transported to a TC had surgical intervention performed hours later, though this did not affect outcome, presumably demonstrating that accurate pre-hospital triaging was performed. This indicates that for selected patients, a wait-and-see approach with delayed neurosurgical intervention is not necessarily detrimental, but warrants further research.
An Open Source Classifier for Bed Mattress Signal in Infant Sleep Monitoring
Authors: Ranta Jukka , Airaksinen Manu , Kirjavainen Turkka , Vanhatalo Sampsa , Stevenson Nathan J. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo develop a non-invasive and clinically practical method for a long-term monitoring of infant sleep cycling in the intensive care unit.MethodsForty three infant polysomnography recordings were performed at 1–18 weeks of age, including a piezo element bed mattress sensor to record respiratory and gross-body movements. The hypnogram scored from polysomnography signals was used as the ground truth in training sleep classifiers based on 20,022 epochs of movement and/or electrocardiography signals. Three classifier designs were evaluated in the detection of deep sleep (N3 state): support vector machine (SVM), Long Short-Term Memory neural network, and convolutional neural network (CNN).ResultsDeep sleep was accurately identified from other states with all classifier variants. The SVM classifier based on a combination of movement and electrocardiography features had the highest performance (AUC 97.6%). A SVM classifier based on only movement features had comparable accuracy (AUC 95.0%). The feature-independent CNN resulted in roughly comparable accuracy (AUC 93.3%).ConclusionAutomated non-invasive tracking of sleep state cycling is technically feasible using measurements from a piezo element situated under a bed mattress.SignificanceAn open source infant deep sleep detector of this kind allows quantitative, continuous bedside assessment of infant’s sleep cycling.
Power Comparisons and Clinical Meaning of Outcome Measures in Assessing Treatment Effect in Cancer Cachexia: Secondary Analysis From a Randomized Pilot Multimodal Intervention Trial
Authors: Balstad Trude R. , Brunelli Cinzia , Pettersen Caroline H. , Schønberg Svanhild A. , Skorpen Frank , Fallon Marie , Kaasa Stein , Bye Asta , Laird Barry J. A. , Stene Guro B. , Solheim Tora S. 
Published: January 2021

Background: New clinical trials in cancer cachexia are essential, and outcome measures with high responsiveness to detect meaningful changes are crucial. This secondary analysis from a multimodal intervention trial estimates sensitivity to change and between treatment effect sizes (ESs) of outcome measures associated with body composition, physical function, metabolism, and trial intervention.Methods: The study was a multicenter, open-label, randomized pilot study investigating the feasibility of a 6-week multimodal intervention [exercise, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and oral nutritional supplements containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (n−3 PUFAs)] vs. standard cancer care in non-operable non-small-cell lung cancer and advanced pancreatic cancer. Body composition measures from computerized tomography scans and circulating biomarkers were analyzed.Results: Forty-six patients were randomized, and the analysis included 22 and 18 patients in the treatment and control groups, respectively. The between-group ESs were high for body weight (ES = 1.2, p &lt; 0.001), small for body composition and physical function [handgrip strength (HGS)] measures (ES &lt; 0.25), moderate to high for n-3 PUFAs and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH vitamin D) (ES range 0.64–1.37, p &lt; 0.05 for all), and moderate for serum C-reactive protein (ES = 0.53, p = 0.12). Analysis within the multimodal treatment group showed high sensitivity to change for adiponectin (ES = 0.86, p = 0.001) and n-3 PUFAs (ES &gt; 0.8, p &lt; 0.05 for all) and moderate for 25-OH vitamin D (ES = 0.49, p = 0.03). In the control group, a moderate sensitivity to change for body weight (ES = −0.84, p = 0.002) and muscle mass (ES = −0.67, p = 0.016) and a high sensitivity to change for plasma levels of 25-OH vitamin D (ES = −0.88, p = 0.002) were found.Conclusion: Demonstrating high sensitivity to change and between treatment ES and body composition measures, body weight still stands out as a clinical and relevant outcome measure in cancer cachexia. Body composition and physical function measures clearly are important to address but demand large sample sizes to detect treatment group differences.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01419145.