bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Think on Paper, Share Online”
Authors: Yuan Yan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As a form of anti-mediatization movement, the call for “slow media” gains its popularity in many societies. How exactly are “slow media” different and disconnected from the digital media? Where is the sense of slowness and disconnection from? This chapter uses a case in the context of contemporary China to interrogate these questions: shouzhang (手账), a form of diary keeping turning back to pen and paper and performed by many Chinese millennials. Based on the investigations of both the products and users, it demonstrates that doing shouzhang in today’s China involves a media ensemble that goes far beyond the physical diary and stationery, such that digital media play a constitutional role. Even the design of the physical diary is permeated with the digital principles. As for the sense of slowness and disconnection, it does not come from any fixed materiality of paper and pen, but is produced by a series of technological and cultural operations under the logic of hypermediacy.
Retreat Culture and Therapeutic Disconnection
Authors: Hesselberth Pepita 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Digital detox retreats, mindfulness retreats, yoga and health retreats, nature and wilderness retreats, the me-retreat. Within our current culture of connectivity to go on a retreat as a way to reduce stress and improve one’s quality of life by temporarily disconnecting from our everyday (media) environments has been a growing trend. While generally conceived to be beneficial to the well-being of those who partake in it, retreat culture has also been criticized (in public and scholarly discourse alike) for feeding into the neoliberal program of privatizing solutions to what are, in fact, social problems. Here, the retreat reveals itself to be part of a disciplining leisure industry that parasitizes on our need to disconnect. Expanding on this controversy, this chapter probes the retreat as an un/critical imaginary that discloses some of the cracks in our existing reality, opening up a transitional space in which change may take place.
Paradoxes of Disconnected Connection
Authors: Adams Paul C. , Behrens Vivie , Hoelscher Steven , Lavrenova Olga , Robinson Heath , Yuan Yan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNormal academic life is a series of gatherings. The COVID-19 outbreak in spring of 2020 disrupted these gatherings and constituted not just a health crisis but also a profound alteration of academic life. Social distancing and quarantine accelerated historic processes of distanciation, as an increasing number of social situations were lifted out of the places in which they would have occurred. Teaching, learning, mentoring, and collaborating continued to “take place” but these newly mediated connections included experiences of disconnection. Auto-ethnography conducted by six academics at various levels during the COVID pandemic explores questions of space, place, pedagogy, and scholarship, comparing and contrasting our varied vantage points on transformations of spatial routines, the learning process, the academic community, and our lives. We show how disconnected connection was experienced differently, by differently-situated social actors, each of whom appropriated certain media according to his or her wants and needs.
Claiming the Call to Preach
Authors: Giver-Johnston Donna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Claiming the Call to Preach traces the history of call through the nineteenth century, at a time when the question of women’s call to preach, although seemingly fixed by ecclesial authority and cultural convention, was being raised by courageous women in different settings, through different genres, and to different effect. This book recovers the neglected narrative of women’s call to preach through the historical accounts and rhetorical witness of four groundbreaking women preachers: Jarena Lee, Frances Willard, Louisa Woosley, and Florence Spearing Randolph. Scholarship has been written on women who have preached in history, but not on how they managed to claim their call to preach despite the restrictions of gender inequality. This project explores the question: how did women claim their call to preach? Through feminist hermeneutics, this book examines call narratives which used rhetorical strategies to articulate effective arguments for women’s call to the preaching ministry of the church. In response, these women received endorsement of their claims to pulpit places, engaged in sacred persuasive speech, and preached as ministers of the sacred office. This project examines women’s call to preach—the history and theology, rhetoric and practice, struggle and success, and the necessary work of interpretation and re-interpretation through call narratives. This book concludes with practical applications for contemporary homiletics, showing how historical tradition can be re-invented in order to give women—and anyone struggling with their call to preach—rhetorical tactics and narrative scripts in order to make effective claims to preach today.
The Call to Preach
Authors: Giver-Johnston Donna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1 defines the call to preach as containing two aspects, inward and outward, and identifies a gender gap or difference in how men and women can claim their call to preach. By identifying the central problem of gender inequality, this chapter establishes the fundamental concern of this book as a significant issue of patriarchy and ecclesiastical authority. Next, the chapter reviews relevant scholarship in homiletics and history of preaching to contextualize this issue. Drawing on social theorists, obstacles are identified and defined that have formed and maintained the dominant narrative limiting women preachers and their voice and agency. Utilizing feminist hermeneutics, this chapter argues that the historical women preachers of this work and their power of resistance still hold valuable lessons for people struggling to claim their call to preach today.
Jarena Lee
Authors: Giver-Johnston Donna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chapter 3 presents the life, spiritual awakening, and preaching ministry of Jarena Lee. Beginning with a contextual description of the early United States of America, when freedom and equality were declared for all but were actually reserved exclusively for white men, this chapter narrates a black woman preacher’s fight against racial inequality and gender discrimination. Lee’s powerful experience of divine call enabled her to face her own doubts and confront the institutional obstacles toward accepting her religious vocation. The chapter sheds light on her resolve to do the work of evangelism as an unlicensed itinerant preacher. Through an analysis of the private rhetoric of her spiritual autobiography, The Life and Religious Experience of Jarena Lee, this chapter reveals the tactics that Lee used in claiming her call and using her voice to construct a narrative to persuade others of the veracity of her divine call.
Information and Power
Authors: Gandy Jr. Oscar H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter develops an understanding of the relationships between information and power, in part through an examination of the uses and activities to which the panoptic sort has been applied. Panopticism and structuration are explored in considerable detail, but with special emphasis on their social and technical characteristics of different markets and cultural spheres. Of particular importance is this chapter’s emphasis on measurement and calculation, and its focus on prediction and coordination, representing a substantial step beyond more traditional efforts at description, and occasionally explanation. It is the pursuit of efficiency and effectiveness in the rationalization of control. It is not only control of production and distribution but the management of the purchase and consumption of goods, services, and experiences that dominates concern with the development of the panoptic sort.
Relationships and Expectations
Authors: Gandy Jr. Oscar H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter is focused on the perceptions of the public about the panoptic sort and its likely influence on society. Although the focus within the scholarly community was on surveillance, the term was not in broad use within the population, and as a result, estimates of public opinion at the time were limited to a focus on privacy as an issue of public concern. A broad variety of issues and concerns were explored in previously published and specially designed surveys of the U.S. public. The approach taken to understand the views of the public was shaped by the analysis of a series of focus group interviews that are described within this chapter. In addition to seeking discussants’ understanding of the generation and use of consumer and citizen profiles, the members of these focus groups were also invited to share their views about the kinds of limits they thought needed to be established to govern the use of profiling technologies. Of particular importance were their views about the sharing of personal and transaction-generated information with third parties. Most of these focus group members were quite knowledgeable about marketing activities, and only a small minority expressed strong criticism of their use.
The Bolshevik Seizure of Power
Authors: Breslauer George W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Bolsheviks were able to seize power in Russia in November 1917 because World War I decimated Russian society and created conditions for revolution. But after the resignation of Tsar Nicholas in February 1917, the liberal-parliamentary regime that followed resisted withdrawal from the war, which deepened the polarizations within society and created the conditions for the Bolshevik coup.
Respite
Authors: Breslauer George W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
After winning the Civil War, the Bolsheviks had to decide how and when to proceed to the stage of building socialism, given that they had come to power in a peasant society. The New Economic Policy, and the policy of “peaceful coexistence” toward foreign powers, were efforts to buy time to get the economy back on its feet, to prevent another foreign intervention, and to allow the regime to consolidate its monopoly further over the political realm. This period was also marked by debates over how to make the transition to socialism after this respite, debates that took place during a power struggle over the succession to Lenin.
The Great Terror and Stalinist Despotism
Authors: Breslauer George W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
From 1936 to 1939, the Soviet Union underwent a whirlwind of violence, geared toward creating a “patrimonial” state, under the rule of a despot. The principal targets for this violence were officials of the party and state and the critical intelligentsia. These were to be replaced by obedient recruits who would labor continuously under fear for their jobs and lives. The Great Terror was justified as a national-security imperative to root out subversives.
Was Stalin’s Revolution from Above a Rational Strategy of Modernization?
Authors: Breslauer George W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Strategies of modernization are legion within the social science literature. Stalin’s Revolution from Above—but not the Great Terror—is set within this literature as a revolutionary, as opposed to a reformist, strategy. Features of the revolutionary strategy may have been considered necessary to urgently create the capacity to defend the country in a hostile world. But the extent of revolutionary violence against the peasantry cannot be justified in those terms.
Stalinism and World Communism in the 1930s
Authors: Breslauer George W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Stalin attempted, during the 1930s, to use diplomacy to avert war while he built the industrial and military capacity of the country. This diplomacy entailed multiple shifts in doctrine, especially the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of 1939—a nonaggression pact with Hitler. Nonruling parties within the world communist movement had to adjust to these shifts repeatedly. But they kept the faith.
Consolidating Power and “Building Socialism” in China
Authors: Breslauer George W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
After victory in the civil war in October 1949, the Chinese communist regime followed the Soviet template, by now ideologically obvious, of dispossessing or killing the pillars of the old regime: landlords, large-scale capitalists, officials of the Nationalist government, and clergy. The new regime simultaneously started to “build socialism,” but were challenged to get the devastated economy and society back on their feet. The Communist Party of China’s early policies on this score mirrored the Soviets’ New Economic Policy of 1921–1928.
Communist Parties Come to Power in Korea and Vietnam
Authors: Breslauer George W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In Korea, the USSR occupied the northern half of the country after Japan withdrew its occupation forces. The Soviets installed a regime of North Korean communists who enjoyed popular support due to their sacrifices in fighting the Japanese during World War II. The leadership convinced Moscow and Beijing to sanction and support an invasion of South Korea that they hoped would reunify the country. This led to the Korean War, which merely restored the status quo ante at the expense of millions of lives. The pathway was different in Vietnam, where a guerrilla war against Japanese, then French, occupation led to the victory of the Vietnamese communist party in the North.
What Follows Stalinism in the USSR?
Authors: Breslauer George W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
After Stalin’s death in March 1953, his successors did not have the unity or the confidence to try to continue a regime of mass terror, consumer austerity, strict monolithism within the world communist movement, and nuclear confrontation with the outside world. They stepped back from each of these, but then found that they faced contradictions as to how much criticism, and of what kind, to allow their society to engage in; how much pluralism within the world communist movement; and how much concession to make to the West to reduce tensions. A similar dilemma concerning the role and scope of societal criticism was revealed in the same time period in China, where the Hundred Flowers campaign was launched and then revoked.
“Building Communism”
Authors: Breslauer George W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In 1958–1959, Khrushchev launched his program for the “full-scale construction of communism.” Not coincidentally, in the same time period, China’s Mao launched his disastrous “Great Leap Forward,” Yugoslavia generalized its program of “workers’ self-management” as a blueprint for the communist world moving forward, while North Korea presented the late-Stalinist policy of monolithic, terroristic control as the only true path to communism.
Alternatives to Utopia in China, 1960–1965
Authors: Breslauer George W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
After the disaster of the Great Leap Forward, which led to the death of some thirty million Chinese, Mao’s associates in the leadership were charged with getting the economy back on its feet. They did so employing methods that were similar to what Brezhnev would later employ in the USSR: deference to cadres, rationalization of economic planning, and tolerance of intensified social inequality.
The Collapse of the World Communist Movement and the Rise of Détente
Authors: Breslauer George W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
At the peak of the Cultural Revolution, China’s army initiated confrontations and battles with Soviet troops along their contested border. Schism within the world communist movement now amounted to warfare among established communist states. Under these conditions, US-Soviet détente and the opening to China by the Nixon administration were made possible by skilled diplomacy and the fact that both the USSR and the People’s Republic of China came to view themselves each as closer to the United States in defending their national interests than they were to each other. Pragmatism prevailed over proletarian internationalism.
Assessing the Communist Experience: Tragedy or Achievement?
Authors: Breslauer George W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Beyond matters of causal explanation, this chapter turns to an assessment of the communist experience: was it, on balance, an achievement or a tragedy? The answer depends in part on one’s values. Weighing the price paid in human life, suffering, and oppression against achievements in state-building, industrialization, military capability, public health, education, and social policies can lead an analyst in one or the other direction.
The Origin and Evolution of Revisionism
Authors: Chan Steve , Feng Huiyun , He Kai , Hu Weixing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As its title suggests, this chapter discusses the sources of revisionism and the various conditions that influence its development. It introduces historical cases such as Wilhelmine and Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union during the Cold War and contemporary Russia, imperial Japan between the 1880s and 1940s, the United States during its years of ascendance and today, and China during the Maoist years and since its reform under Deng Xiaoping. Whether a state becomes revisionist is not in its genes but is in part dependent on how it perceives its treatment in the hands of other established countries. States’ domestic and foreign circumstances interact to shape their foreign policy orientation.
Anti-Zionism and Anti-Israel Behavior and Sentiment
Authors: Fox Jonathan , Topor Lev 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines whether anti-Israel sentiment and behavior predicts discrimination against Jews. It discusses the history of anti-Zionism and demonstrates that at least in some instances it can instigate discrimination against Jews. The authors also discuss general social science theories which address whether the behavior or existence of a country can instigate discrimination against a diaspora from that country. They focus on securitization theory, which has been used to explain levels of discrimination against Muslims, as well as other prominent theories drawn from a wide variety political science and social science literatures. The authors argue that both the anti-Semitism and the general political science literatures can benefit greatly from this cross-fertilization and suggest some theoretical innovations based on this discussion. Empirically they find that both anti-Israel sentiment and anti-Israel voting by governments in the UN General Assembly predict government-based discrimination against Jews. However, these do not predict societal discrimination against Jews.
Creating Myth, Asserting Dynasty
Authors: Watanabe-O'Kelly Helen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The series of new nineteenth-century emperors analysed in this book begins in 1804 with two figures who exemplify two contrasting methods of projecting imperial power. One of them, Napoleon Bonaparte, concentrated his efforts on inventing a tradition and on creating a myth and a huge panoply of power to compensate for the fact that he was a parvenu. The other, Franz I of Austria, formerly Franz II, Holy Roman Emperor, quietly asserted his ancient lineage and reminded his people of his dynastic claim to imperial glory. This chapter analyses Napoleon I’s coronations as emperor of the French and as king of Italy and Franz I’s creation of Franzensburg, a dynastic monument open to the public.
Performing Emperorship
Authors: Watanabe-O'Kelly Helen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To be an emperor was a performance, which kept the emperor in power as long as it fulfilled a need in his subjects. The imperial court and its courtiers were the essential background for this performance. Coronation robes had to be invented and court dress designed and minutely regulated in order to mark gradations in rank among courtiers and officials. An extensive system of medals, honours, and decorations was used in all territories to reward those close to the crown and bind them to the emperor. In India, the viceregal court had to represent the might and magnificence of a distant empress and ensure the loyalty of the Indian princes who ruled a third of India.
Harnessing Religion to the Imperial Cause
Authors: Watanabe-O'Kelly Helen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Religion plays a central role in any monarchical system, for it is God Himself who is considered the fount of monarchical power. Imperial regimes, like monarchical ones, used religion to legitimate as well as to project their power. This chapter discusses Franz Joseph of Austria’s Catholic piety and how Napoleon I instrumentalized religion and clashed with the pope. It analyses the Feast of the Saint-Napoleon, which Napoleon III used to project his power, and the Hohenzollerns’ presentation of themselves as the defenders of Protestantism. The renovation of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, a huge programme of church building in the Prussian lands, and Wilhelm II’s three most prestigious church projects are discussed in detail.
Creating the Imperial City
Authors: Watanabe-O'Kelly Helen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the creation of imperial cities: Paris was remodelled by Napoleon III, the layout of Vienna was altered in the era of Franz Joseph, and Berlin was expanded under Wilhelm I and Wilhelm II from a Prussian into an imperial capital. In each case this meant creating broad boulevards, green spaces, and impressive buildings, but also providing clean water, efficient sewage systems, street lighting, and local transport. Monuments celebrating victories and generals were also part of the urban design. London only built a ceremonial avenue in the twentieth century. Maximilian had great plans for Mexico City based on what he had seen in Paris, Vienna, and Brussels, while Pedro II built Petrópolis, a summer residence in the hills above Rio de Janeiro.
Inventing Empire in Twentieth-Century India and Britain
Authors: Watanabe-O'Kelly Helen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It was in the twentieth century, during the reign of Queen Victoria’s three successors, the King-Emperors Edward VII, George V, and George VI, that the concept of imperial India, Britain’s most important colony, was invented and promoted by means of architecture, ceremonial, and a new capital city. This chapter discusses the Victoria Memorial Hall, the Gateway of India, the building of New Delhi and the 1903 Durbar. George V’s Coronation Durbar of 1911 was accompanied in London by the Festival of Empire, the Pageant of London, and the Masque Imperial. Between the wars, the British Empire Exhibition and the Pageant of Empire of 1924 were designed to convince the British of the imperial project.
Ending and Remembering
Authors: Watanabe-O'Kelly Helen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Huge numbers of lives were lost in all the imperial wars, and millions of Indians died, not just fighting for the British, but in famines under British rule. Napoleon I and III, Wilhelm II, and Karl I were forced to abdicate after military defeat and Agustín and Maximilian of Mexico were executed. Pedro II of Brazil and George VI of India relinquished their thrones for other reasons. The chapter discusses how imperial cities bear witness today to the regimes that have gone and discusses what statuary and monuments in Paris, in Petrópolis, in Koblenz, and in India tell us about how vanished emperors are remembered.