bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fermentation and Bioprocess Development
Authors: Zeng An‐Ping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFermentation is the process of microbial and biochemical conversion of organic substances and other raw materials (eg, CO and CO2), with broad applications in food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries and for environmental and climate protection. It can be considered as the vehicle to transfer innovations in fundamental biology into bio‐based products and thus plays a key role in bioeconomy. This article first gives an overview of the fermentation industry and its important products in industrial and pharmaceutical biotechnologies, ranging from primary and secondary metabolites to cells (biomass), enzymes, and biologics. Microbial principles and characteristics of fermentation processes are then illustrated and compared with chemical synthesis. The driving forces, scientific discoveries, and technological innovations leading to the development of different fermentation processes and products are reviewed from a historical perspective, and future trends are highlighted. The development of components and techniques of fermentations with different cell types and key issues of their industrial applications are finally described from practical viewpoints with process examples, including strains and host cells, medium design and feeding strategies, fermenter and related equipment, sterilization, process control, product isolation, scale‐up, utilities, and regulatory aspects.
Feeds and Feed Additives, Pet Foods
Authors: Aldrich Charles G. , Donadelli Renan A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe role of dogs and cats in the society has changed much over the past 50 years. They have migrated from the barn to the backyard and now into the house. As a result, our relationship has changed how we care and feed them. With that we have expanded our knowledge regarding their nutritional needs and idiosyncrasies as well as introduced a wide array of new foods and formats. Commercial pet food began in 1850, became more mainstream in the 1950s following human food processing technologies, and product offerings have expanded greatly since 2000. Most of the ingredients used to make these foods are the same or coproducts from the human food market, though an expanding array of nontraditional, alternative, and exotic ingredients are being considered. The three primary processes to produce pet foods include extrusion, canning, and baking, with several innovative technologies borrowed from the human foods industry to create products that mimic the pet owner's diet. Since most pets live in the home today and share family spaces, food safety has become a major concern for the pet food industry. The use of preservatives and pathogen controls have become more important. Where the future of pet food will lead us is a fascinating area to be discovered.
Sugar
Authors: Godshall Mary A. , Eggleston Gillian , Thompson Jack , Kochergin Vadim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSucrose is a nonreducing disaccharide produced by crystallization from syrups derived from processing sugarcane and sugar beets. The most important properties of sucrose are sweetness and water solubility. Sucrose is destroyed by strong oxidizing agents and pH extremes. Optical rotation, enzymatic analysis, and instrumental methods are used for sucrose quantitation during manufacture and in trade. Sucrose is the leading food additive and contributes sweetness, mouthfeel, texture, body, humectancy, and appearance to foods. Sugar also enhances the taste of foods and minimizes undesirable flavors.
Genetic Control of Aerogel and Nanofoam Properties, Applied to Ni–MnOx Cathode Design
Authors: Cha Tae‐Gon , Tsedev Uyanga , Ransil Alan , Embree Amanda , Gordon D. Benjamin , Belcher Angela M. , Voigt Christopher A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAerogels are ultralight porous materials whose matrix structure can be formed by interlinking 880 nm long M13 phage particles. In theory, changing the phage properties would alter the aerogel matrix, but attempting this using the current production system leads to heterogeneous lengths. A phagemid system that yields a narrow length distribution that can be tuned in 0.3 nm increments from 50 to 2500 nm is designed and, independently, the persistence length varies from 14 to 68 nm by mutating the coat protein. A robotic workflow that automates each step from DNA construction to aerogel synthesis is used to build 1200 aerogels. This is applied to compare Ni–MnOx cathodes built using different matrixes, revealing a pareto‐optimal relationship between performance metrics. This work demonstrates the application of genetic engineering to create “tuning knobs” to sweep through material parameter space; in this case, toward creating a physically strong and high‐capacity battery.
Device Architecture Engineering: Progress toward Next Generation Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Webb Thomas , Sweeney Stephen J. , Zhang Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOver the past decade, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have quickly established themselves as a promising technology boasting both high efficiency and low processing costs. The rapid development and success of PSCs is a product of substantial research effort addressing compositional engineering, thin film fabrication, surface passivation, and interfacial treatments. Recently, engineering of device architecture has entered a renaissance with the emergence of several new bulk and graded heterojunction structures. These structures promote a lateral approach to the development of single‐junction PSCs affording new opportunities in light management, defect passivation, carrier extraction, and long‐term stability. Following a short overview of the historic evolution of PSC architectures, a detailed discussion of the promising progress of the recently reported perovskite bulk heterojunction and graded heterojunction approaches are offered. To enable better understanding of these novel architectures, a range of approaches to characterizing the architectures are presented. Finally, an outlook and perspective are provided offering insights into the future development of PSC architecture engineering.
Realizing the Synergy of Interface Engineering and Chemical Substitution for Ni3N Enables its Bifunctionality Toward Hydrazine Oxidation Assisted Energy‐Saving Hydrogen Production
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhang Jihua , Li Yapeng , Qian Qizhu , Li Ziyun , Zhang Genqiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHydrazine oxidation assisted water electrolysis offers a unique rationale for energy‐saving hydrogen production, yet the lack of effective non‐noble‐metal bifunctional catalysts is still a grand challenge at the current stage. Here, the Mo doped Ni3N and Ni heterostructure porous nanosheets grow on Ni foam (denoted as MoNi3N/Ni/NF) are successfully constructed, featuring simultaneous interface engineering and chemical substitution, which endow the outstanding bifunctional electrocatalytic performances toward both hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), demanding a working potential of −0.3 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2 for HzOR and −45 mV for that of HER. Impressively, the overall hydrazine splitting (OHzS) system requires an ultralow cell voltage of 55 mV to deliver 10 mA cm−2 with remarkable long‐term durability. Moreover, as a proof‐of‐concept, economical H2 production systems utilizing OHzS unit powered by a waste AAA battery, a commercial solar cell, and a homemade direct hydrazine fuel cell (DHzFC) are investigated to inspire future practical applications. The density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the synergy of Mo substitution and abundant Ni3N/Ni interface owns a more thermoneutral value for H* absorption ability toward HER and optimized dehydrogenation process for HzOR.
Mechanomorphogenic Films Formed via Interfacial Assembly of Fluorinated Amino Acids
Authors: Sloand Janna N. , Culp Tyler E. , Wonderling Nichole M. , Gomez Enrique D. , Medina Scott H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNature has evolved several elegant strategies to organize inert building blocks into adaptive supramolecular structures. Favored among these is interfacial self‐assembly, where the unique environment of liquid–liquid junctions provides structural, kinetic, thermodynamic, and chemical properties that are distinct from the bulk solution. Here, antithetical fluorous–water interfaces are exploited to guide the assembly of non‐canonical fluorinated amino acids into crystalline mechanomorphogenic films. That is, the nanoscale order imparted by this strategy yields self‐healing materials that can alter their macro‐morphology depending on exogenous mechanical stimuli. Additionally, like natural biomolecules, organofluorine amino acid films respond to changes in environmental ionic strength, pH, and temperature to adopt varied secondary and tertiary states. Complementary biophysical and biochemical studies are used to develop a model of amino acid packing to rationalize this bioresponsive behavior. Finally, these films show selective permeability, capturing fluorous compounds while allowing the free diffusion of water. These unique capabilities are leveraged in an exemplary application of the technology to extract perfluoroalkyl substances from contaminated water samples rapidly. Continued exploration of these materials will advance the understanding of how interface‐templated and fluorine‐driven assembly phenomenon a can be co‐utilized to design adaptive molecular networks and living matter.
Breaking the Rate‐Integrity Dilemma in Large‐Area Bubbling Transfer of Graphene by Strain Engineering
Authors: Ma Lai‐Peng , Dong Shichao , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Ren Wencai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEfficient electrochemical bubbling delamination is highly promising for realizing the scalable transfer of high‐quality chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene film. However, it remains a challenge to significantly improve the low delamination rate of large‐area graphene without causing structural damage. Here, a strain‐engineering strategy is reported to break this rate‐integrity dilemma by introducing appreciable compressive strain into graphene to dramatically accelerate the delamination of CVD graphene from Cu foil in a non‐destructive manner. An astonishing 25‐fold improvement in the delamination rate is achieved by hot bubbling graphene coated with a post‐cured UV‐epoxy adhesive. Meanwhile, the inherent structural integrity of delaminated graphene films is well preserved. The strategy is superior to the prevalent methods by simultaneously realizing the unprecedented high‐rate delamination and intact transfer. It is further demonstrated that it allows the highly efficient roll‐to‐roll bubbling transfer of meter‐scale high‐quality graphene films.
Deep fertilization with controlled‐release fertilizer for higher cereal yield and N utilization in paddies: The optimal fertilization depth
Authors: Hou Pengfu , Yuan Wensheng , Li Ganghua , Petropoulos Evangelos , Xue Lixiang , Feng Yanfang , Xue Lihong , Yang Linzhang , Ding Yanfeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBelowground fertilization is a prevalent strategy for considerable grain yield and N utilization. However, the optimal fertilization depth remains uncertain in paddies, especially for slow/controlled release fertilizers. This study aimed to clarify the effect of deep “controlled‐release blended fertilizer” (CRBF) fertilization on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and N utilization. Two N‐fertilizer types were selected (a) urea and (b) CRBF, both combined at three fertilization depths (a) 0 cm, (b) 5 cm, and (c) 10 cm. The results showed that the grain yield was significantly affected by fertilizer type and fertilization depth. The yield achieved from CRBF was 7.8% higher than that from the urea application. Deep fertilization could also increase the rice yield with the optimum achieved from the 5‐cm depth fertilization (yield increased by 15.1% compared to that from the manual surface fertilization). Overall, the 5‐cm depth CRBF fertilization achieved the highest yield among all treatments with 12.21 and 11.84 t ha–1 for 2018 and 2019, respectively. The larger sink was the main reason for this performance. Additionally, the higher photosynthetic efficient population after earing was another principal driver to the higher yield from CRBF. Due to the higher N uptake, CRBF application increased both N partial factor productivity (PFP) and recovery efficiency (RE) (P < .05); fertilization depth also had a striking effect on PFP and RE (P < .05 or .01). The 5‐cm depth fertilization of CRBF achieved the highest N utilization for both years. The results suggest that 5‐cm depth fertilization combined with controlled‐release fertilizer is a suitable strategy for higher rice yield and N utilization.
Expansion of the clinical phenotype of GALE deficiency
Authors: Markovitz Rebecca , Owen Nichole , Satter Lisa Forbes , Kirk Susan , Mahoney Donald H. , Bertuch Alison A. , Scaglia Fernando 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCongenital disorders of glycosylation are a group of rare monogenic inborn errors of metabolism caused by defective glycoprotein and glycolipid glycan synthesis and attachment. Here, we present a patient with galactose epimerase deficiency, also known as GALE deficiency, accompanied by pancytopenia and immune dysregulation. She was first identified by an abnormal newborn screen for galactosemia with subsequent genetic evaluation due to pancytopenia and immune dysregulation. The evaluation ultimately revealed that her known diagnosis of GALE deficiency was the cause of her hematologic and immune abnormalities. These findings further expand the clinical spectrum of disease of congenital disorders of glycosylation.
Reliability of lumbar multifidus and iliocostalis lumborum thickness and echogenicity measurements using ultrasound imaging
Authors: Farragher Joshua , Pranata Adrian , El‐Ansary Doa , Parry Selina , Williams Gavin , Royse Colin , Royse Alistair , O'Donohue Molly , Bryant Adam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeTo establish the test–retest and inter‐rater reliability of lumbar multifidus (LM) and iliocostalis lumborum (IL) muscle thickness and echogenicity as derived using ultrasound imaging.MethodsUltrasound images of the LM and IL were collected from 11 healthy participants on two occasions, 1 week apart, by two independent assessors. Measures of LM and IL thickness and echogenicity were subject to test–retest and inter‐rater reliability, which was assessed by calculation of an F statistic, the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the standard error of measurement, 95% confidence intervals and Bland–Altman plots. This study was given approval by The University of Melbourne Behavioural and Social Sciences Human Ethics Sub‐Committee (ref: 1749845).ResultsAssessors A and B showed good to excellent test–retest reliability for LM thickness (ICC3,3 A: 0.89 and B: 0.98), LM echogenicity (ICC3,3 A: 0.93 and B: 0.95) and IL echogenicity (ICC3,3 A: 0.87 and B: 0.83). Test–retest reliability for IL thickness was poor for Assessor A but excellent for Assessor B. Both assessors demonstrated excellent inter‐rater reliability for LM thickness and echogenicity (ICC2,3: 0.79 and 0.94), but poor reliability for IL thickness and echogenicity (ICC2,3: 0.00 and 0.39).ConclusionsInter‐rater and test–retest reliability was excellent for LM but was less reliable for measures of the IL muscle.
Highly Active PdO/Mn3O4/CeO2 Nanocomposites Supported on One Dimensional Halloysite Nanotubes for Photoassisted Thermal Catalytic Methane Combustion
Authors: Feng Xilan , Liu Dapeng , Yan Baolin , Shao Mingzhe , Hao Zhimin , Yuan Guobao , Yu Haohan , Zhang Yu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, we have successfully triggered the aqueous auto‐redox reactions between reductive Ce(OH)3 and oxidative MnO4−/Pd2+ ions to form PdO/Mn3O4/CeO2 (PMC) nanocomposites. PMC could spontaneously self‐assemble into compact encapsulation on the surface of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) to form the final one dimensional HNTs supported PMCs (HPMC). It is identified that there exists strong synergistic effects among the components of PdO, Mn3O4, and CeO2, and hence HPMC could show excellent performance on photoassisted thermal catalytic CH4 combustion that its light‐off temperature was sharply reduced to be 180 °C under visible light irradiation. Based on detailed studies, it is found that the catalytic reaction process well follows the classic MVK mechanism, and adsorption/activation of O2 into active oxygen species (O*) should be the rate‐determining step for CH4 conversion.
On event‐triggered robust observer‐based control problem of one‐sided Lipschitz time‐delay systems
Authors: Dinh Cong Huong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we address the event‐triggered robust observer‐based control problem of a class of one‐sided Lipschitz systems subject to time delays and disturbances. We design an event‐triggered robust observer‐based controller to guarantee that the closed‐loop systems of the one‐sided Lipschitz systems are asymptotical stable with a disturbance attenuation level. Two examples are given to illustrate our obtained results.
Gaia search for stellar companions of TESS Objects of Interest II
Authors: Mugrauer Markus , Michel Kai‐Uwe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present the latest results of our ongoing multiplicity study of (Community) TESS Objects of Interest, using astro‐ and photometric data from the ESA‐Gaia mission, to detect stellar companions of these stars and to characterize their properties. In total, 107 binary, 5 hierarchical triple star systems, as well as one quadruple system were detected among 585 targets surveyed, which are all located at distances closer than about 500 pc around the Sun. As proven with their accurate Gaia EDR3 astrometry, the companions and the targets are located at the same distance and share a common proper motion, as it is expected for components of gravitationally bound stellar systems. The companions exhibit masses in the range between about 0.09 M⊙ and 4.5 M⊙ and are most frequently found in the mass range between 0.15 and 0.6 M⊙. The companions are separated from the targets by about 120 up to 9,500 au and their frequency is the highest and constant within about 500 au while it continually decreases for larger separations. Beside mainly early to mid M dwarfs, also five white dwarf companions were identified in this survey, whose true nature was revealed by their photometric properties.
Properties of the quark‐gluon plasma created in heavy‐ion collisions
Authors: Moreau Pierre , Soloveva Olga , Grishmanovskii Ilia , Voronyuk Vadim , Oliva Lucia , Song Taesoo , Kireyeu Viktar , Coci Gabriele , Bratkovskaya Elena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe review the properties of the strongly interacting quark‐gluon plasma (QGP) at finite temperature and baryon chemical potential as created in heavy‐ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies. The description of the strongly interacting (non‐perturbative) QGP in equilibrium is based on the effective propagators and couplings from the Dynamical QuasiParticle Model (DQPM) that is matched to reproduce the equation‐of‐state of the partonic system above the deconfinement temperature from lattice QCD. Based on a microscopic transport description of heavy‐ion collisions, we discuss which observables are sensitive to the QGP creation and its properties.
Long‐term disease control and survival observed after stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy for oligometastatic breast cancer
Authors: Wijetunga N. Ari , dos Anjos Carlos H. , Zhi W. Iris , Robson Mark , Tsai C. Jillian , Yamada Yoshiya , Dover Laura , Gillespie Erin F. , Xu Amy J. , Yang Jonathan T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeWe examined the characteristics of breast cancer patients with oligometastases (OM) treated with stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) to identify factors associated with local progression, distant metastasis progression, time to subsequent therapy, progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed a single‐institution database of patients treated with radiotherapy between 2008 and 2018 and identified 79 patients who received SABR to OM. Twenty‐seven patients had genetic testing of metastatic tumors using an institutional targeted sequencing platform. Kaplan–Meier analysis, Cox regression, and competing risk models were used to compare clinical and genetic correlates with outcomes.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 50 months (IQR: 29–66) with 67% of patients alive at the last follow‐up. Of the 65% of patients who progressed, 82% progressed outside of the radiation field, 18% experienced local failure, and 80% had oligoprogression. Median OS was 86 months (IQR: 29–66), and PFS was 33 months (IQR: 10–38). Less than 5 years from diagnosis to SABR and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) were associated with worse OS. Advanced T stage, any prior chemotherapy, and TNBC were associated with worse PFS. Alterations in CEBPB, RB1, TBX3, PTEN, and CDK4 were associated with worse survival outcomes.ConclusionLong‐term systemic disease control and survival can be achieved with SABR for oligometastatic breast cancer. Hormone receptor‐positive patients with a long disease interval from initial diagnosis and limited systemic progression history may be ideal for SABR to all sites of disease.
A Study to Assess the Dosimetric Impact of the Anatomical Changes Occurring in the Parotid Glands and Tumour Volume during Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy using Simultaneous Integrated Boost (IMRT‐SIB) in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancers
Authors: Ghosh Arunima , Gupta Seema , Johny Danial , Vidyadhar Bhosale Vivek , Pal Singh Negi Mahendra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnatomical variations in head and neck cancer during IMRT leads to volume shrinkage, results in dosimetric variations in tumour and normal tissue including parotid glands, with a risk of radiation toxicities.Methods30 patients with a stage II–IV head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) were treated with definitive IMRT‐SIB and concomitant chemotherapy. Volumetric and dosimetric variations were evaluated during the period of IMRT by recalculating and obtaining dose‐volume histograms of re‐contoured target volumes and parotid glands on repeat CT scans taken multiple times during treatment (CT1, CT2, CT3 and CT4).ResultsResult showed significant (p < 0.001) mean decrease in both primary and nodal tumors volume with time whereas increase (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001) in respective V100 (%) and D2% (Gy). The mean parotid gland dose increased (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001) with time, whereas parotid gland volume and distance between plan isocenter and centre of mass of parotid glands decreased (p < 0.05 or p < 0.001) with time. Patient's mean weight and neck circumference both decrease (p < 0.001) with time whereas ECOG score increase (p < 0.001) with time. The mucosal toxicity increased significantly (p < 0.001) with time. The change in both weight and neck circumference showed significant (p < 0.001) and direct (positive correlation) association with change in parotid gland volume.ConclusionIf the PTV and normal anatomy are changing with time, adaptive IMRT would be beneficial radiation dose delivery where possible.