bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water-Soaked Leucaena Leucocephala Leaf Meal as Feed For Rabbits: Effect of Inclusion on the Performance
Authors: Wiratmini N I , Setyawati I , Warmadewi D A , Setiasih N L E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Leucaena leucocephala is high-nutrient legume due to its crude protein rate (20-30%). Unfortunately, its utilization needs to be restricted due to the presence of mimosine, a compound that exhibits negative effects on livestocks. This study aimed to compare the performance of adult male rabbits after given commercial feed supplemented with water-soaked and air-dried Leucaenaleaf meal (WSADL) with those given air-dried Leucaena leaf meal (ADL).Fifty local male rabbits, 6 months old and weighing around 2.0-2.3 kg, were used as samples. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatment groups (n=10), consisting of one control group that were fed commercial feed (R0), three groups that were fed WSADL (15%, 22.5%, and 30%) and one group that was fed 15% of ADL. Those rabbits were fed for 60 days. The independent variables being observed were the dry matter intake, daily weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The result showed that the supplementation of Leucaena leaf meal which was processed through water-soaking and air-dried as much as 30% on rabbit feed did not reduce the dry matter intake, while it increased body weight gain and efficiency of feed usage.
The Duck Responses to the Diets Containing Fermented Palm Kernel Meal with Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Mirnawati  , Ciptaan G. , Ferawati  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research aimed to study the effect of the use of fermented palm kernel meal (FPKM) with Bacillus subtilis in the ration on the performance of broiler ducks. This study used 100 DOD of Mojosari and Alabio crossbred ducks. The types of cages used were 20 units of box cages measuring 80x80x60 cm and each unit was filled with 5 ducks. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) experimental method with five ration treatments and four replications. The diet treatments were given 0, 20, 25, 30 and 35% FPKM respectively. The ration was prepared with an 18% protein, and 2700 kcal/kg energy. The variables were observed: feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, body weight, carcass percentage and abdominal fat percentage. The results of variance analysis showed that the utilization of FPKM with Bacillus subtilis in the ration had a significantly different effect (P<0.05) on feed consumption, body weight gain, body weight and carcass percentage, but not significantly different (P>0.05) on feed conversion and percentage of ducks abdominal fat. From the results of this research it can be resumed that the utilization of FPKM with Bacillus subtilis can only be used up to 30% in duck rations seen from the consumption of rations 689.48 g/head/week, weight gain 145.50, conversion of 4.75 rations, body weight of 1158, 50 g/head, the percentage of carcasses was 61.85% and the percentage of abdominal fat was 0.88%.
Isolation and Identification of Effective Microorganisms from Water Hyacinth Biofertilizer
Authors: Sondang Yun , Anty Khazy , Siregar Ramond 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The use of microorganisms to promote growth and increase crop production has begun to be studied. Microorganisms that isolated from biofertilizers vary according to the source of organic matter. One of the biofertilizer quality determinants is the type and number of populations of microorganisms. This study aims to know is the type and abundance of microorganisms, as well as nutrient content in water hyacinth biofertilizers. The experiment was conducted at the Greenhouse and Laboratory of Food Crops Cultivation, Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic, Limapuluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra from March to July 2019. The experimental stages included (1) Manufacture water hyacinth biofertilizers, the experiments using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four measurements of water hyacinth treatment in biofertilizer, A = 25%, B = 50%, C = 75%, and D = 100% and five replications, (2) Isolation of microorganisms from biofertilizers using pure plate and streak plate methods. Eleven bacterial species and two fungal species were identified using molecular analysis based on 16S rRNA gene fragments. Effective microorganisms that play a role in the degradation of biofertilizers are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma asperellum, and Trichoderma harzianum. Biofertilizers contain C-organic 3.61-3.92%, N 0.166-0.278%, C/N 14,10-21,75, P2O5 0.347-0.729%, K2O 1.422-2.090%, and Ca 0.140-0.259%.
Shoot Pruning and Potassium Application Effect on Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.) Seeds Production and Quality
Authors: Hartatik Sri , Hudah Miftachul , Soeparjono Sigit , Suharto  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to determine the effect of shoot pruning and potassium fertilization on the production and quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) seeds, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out in Arjasa Village, Jember regency, East Java, Indonesia, in 2018. The first factor is shoot pruning which consists of 4 levels i.e. of 6th internode, 8th internode, 10th internode, and 12th internode shoot pruning. The second factor is the potassium fertilization in three levels i.e. 100 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1, 300 kg ha-1. Production and quality of seed cucumber was assessed based on fruit weight, number of grain per fruit, percentage of filled grain, 1000 grains weight, seed viability and vigor. The results indicated that was significant different on interactions of two factors effect on physiological ripe fruit weight, grain number and percentage of filled grain. The 8th internode pruning gives best result on physiological ripe fruit weight, seed viability and vigor. Application of potassium at a dose of 300 kgha-1 gives the best results on fruit weight, 1000 grain weight and percentage of filled grain.
Organic Fertilizer from Starfruit Waste Sustainable Agriculture Solution
Authors: Puspitawati Mutiara Dewi , Sumiasih Inanpi Hidayati 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Waste from starfruit cultivation could attract flies around the plantation which can reduce the quality of starfruit plants and also reduce the aesthetic value. To resolve these problems, waste from starfruit cultivation could be utilized as organic fertilizer. The utilization of starfruit waste into organic fertilizer can increase added value as a source of organic material for vegetable crops grown in starfruit plantations in a sustainable agriculture system. Organic fertilizer from starfruit waste was expected to replace inorganic fertilizer in pakcoy vegetable crops on verticulture system. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the nutrient content of organic fertilizer made from starfruit leaves and fruits waste; (2) to determine the effect of starfruit organic fertilizer on pakcoy growth as substitution of inorganic fertilizer. This study was conducted in October 2018 - February 2019. The location for this tudy was at Attaqie Agroeduwisata Farm, Tuban Regency, East Java. Soil and fertilizer analysis were carried out at the Soil Research Institute, Bogor. The study used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The first factor was the dose of inorganic fertilizer with 3 levels namely 0%, 50%, and 100% of the standard dose and the second factor was starfruit leaf compost dose with 4 levels namely 0 ton/ha, 10 tons/ha, 20 tons / ha, and 30 ton/ha. The treatment of compost 20 ton/ha + 50% inorganic fertilizer showed no significant difference with the use of 100% inorganic fertilizer, which was the best treatment with optimal results on plant height, leaf width and fresh weight of pakcoy. Thus, that the use of 20 tons/ha + 50% inorganic fertilizer can save 50% use of inorganic fertilizer on verticulture system.
Potential use of Natural Pesticide to Control of Orseolia oryzae and Leptocorisa oratorius in Saline Paddy Ecosystem in Percut Northern Sumatera
Authors: Siregar Ameilia Zuliyanti 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rice and fish are an important source of protein for the people of North Sumatra that can be produced from saline paddy cultivation. The research was conducted started from March 2017 to September 2017 using group random design method on two plots of rice plantation in Paluh Merbau Sub-district, Percut Sei Tuan district, North Sumatera. Comparison between IR 64 paddy types with nila tilapia (Tilapia mosambicca) on two plots, in the control area and tidal area is predicted to show a comparison of fish composition and diversity of species of insects identified to family/species levels categorized into 4 groups (Predators, Parasites, Pests, Parasitoids). Yellow Sticky Trap (YST) more effective used than Sweep Net (SN) and Core Sampler (CS) in Paddy of Percut. The calculation of richnesse index of Margallef (R1), Index Jaccard, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’) in saline paddy fields were done. Dominant pests such as Orseolia oryzae and Leptocorisa oratorius are controlled using by environmentally friendly bioinsecticides, such as P1(Neem leaf extract 100 ml), P2 (Papaya leaf extract 100 ml), and P3 (100 ml poison yam plant extract). T-Test, Kruskal-Wallis test and correlation test showed significant differences between the abundance and the dominance of insects in the control and saline areas; the effectiveness of insect trap testing and the most effective use of vegetable pesticides. Furthermore, differences in insect biodiversity during the sampling period and phase of paddy were affected by physical, chemical, and biological factors in Percut Sei Tuan, Northern Sumatra.
The Influence of Some Type of Manure on The Growth and Production of Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) CV. Taiwan in Acid Soil
Authors: Sari Rica M. , Ali Akbar S. , Astuti T. , Afrini D. , Harissatria  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of some types of manure on growth and production of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) cv. Taiwan. The expected results of this research can determine which is the type of manure suitable for the area of the former coal mines that have acid soils (marginal lands). This research using Complete Random Design with four treatments and six replications. The treatment is different source of manure which is control, cow manure, goat manure, and chicken manure. The parameters observed were plant growth including plant height, leaf width, leaf length, fresh weight production, and dry weight production. This study uses the acid soils of the former coal mine with a pH of 4.2 which is input into the polybags, seedlings of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) cv Taiwan in the form of cuttings, Cow, goat and chicken dung are used as a source of manure. This research was conducted in the green house for 60 days. The results of the research obtained the data for plant height (cm) the highest Goat Manure (P2) 229.85; leaf Length (cm) the highest Goat Manure (P2) 113.10: Leaf width (cm) the highest Goat Manure (P2) 5.50; Production of Fresh Weight (gr/polybag) the highest Goat Manure (P2) 1361.67; the Production of Dry Weight (gr/polybag) the highest Goat Manure (P2) 214.28. The conclude that the manure suitable for the area of the former coal mines that have acid soils (critical area) is the manure from goat because it produces the highest growth and production than others.
Endophytic Root Dynamics, Yield and Quality of Aloe vera L. Plants by Application of Bio-Mineral Fertilizer Combined in Sandy Soil
Authors: Darini Maria Theresia , Sulistyaningsih Endang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research was aimed to determine endophytic root population dynamics, yield and quality of Aloe vera L. by application of nitrogen fertilizer dosage and biofertilizers sources in sandy soil. The research was conducted in Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta Indonesia and arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The first factor were two level of nitrogen fertilizer dosages namely 300 and 400 kg ha-1. The second factor were eight sources of biofertilizer and control (200 kg urea ha-1, without biofertilizer) treatment. The variables observed were endophytic root population, yield and quality of Aloe vera L plant. Statistic analysis of data was test by analysis of variant (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at P < 0.05. The results showed that there was interaction between nitrogen fertilizer dosage and biofertilizer sources on all of observation variable. The highest endophyt population was obtained at a combination of a 300 kg urea fertilizer dosage and indigenous Rhizobacteria bamboo roots with PGPR, while hight yield and quality of Aloe vera plant obtained at a combination of a 300 kg urea fertilizer dosage and mycorrhiza source. All observational variables showed better application of a combination of urea fertilizer with biofertilizer sources than control treament.
The Performance of Oil Palm Productivity and Management of Organic Materials at Various Rain Intensity in Sandy Soil
Authors: Gunawan Sri , Sri Budiastuti Maria Theresia , Sutrisno Joko , Wirianata Herry 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Climate anomalies marked by the presence of el Nino and la Nina need attention in managing oil palm plantations. These conditions have a bad influence on water conditions, especially in sandy land. The application of empty fruit bunches as organic matter source is expected to reduce the adverse effects of la Nina on palm oil production. This study aims to reveal variations of rainfall intensity and organic matter on the productivity of oil palm in sandy land. Results shows that the application of empty bunches accompanied by vegetation management is useful in maintaining the condition of the sand in holding water on one side and controlling excess water on the other side for 24 months (2011-2012). The application has succeeded in increasing production 23% higher than its potential yield in sandy soil with annual high rainfall (3,700 mm).
Assessment of Durability Properties of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Using Two Rejuvenators: Waste Engine Oil and Asphalt Cement (60-70) Penetration Grade
Authors: Joni Hasan H , Al-Rubaee Rasha H A , Shams Mohammed Kh. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The production of asphalt pavements using Reclaim Asphalt Pavement (RAP) has achieved economic and environmental benefits. However, one of the main challenges when using untreated RAP in pavement construction is the hardness of the binder due to aging. The purpose of this study is to recycle and restore damaged asphalt using two types of regenerative agents: Waste Engine Oil (WEO) and Asphalt Cement (AC (60-70)) Penetration Grade. Five ratios (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3) % of both types of regenerators were added to the RAP, separately, for the purpose of regeneration. Marshall Test was performed on the regenerated samples in order to obtain the optimum ratios for the regenerative additives, which will be adopted in subsequent tests, which include; indirect tensile strength (ITS), tensile strength Ratio (TSR) and Duple Punch Shear Strength Test (DPSST) to evaluate the performance of regenerated RAP mixes and compare them with the original RAP. The results indicated that (1.5 and 3) % are the optimal ratios for (WEO and AC (60-70)), respectively. In addition, the results of the performance tests indicated that the regenerated RAP mixes are better than the original RAP in terms of cracking resistance, stripping resistance and resistance to moisture damage, as well as achieving the specification requirements for the surface course. It can be concluded that rap recycling using (WEO and AC (60-70)) is an effective process that reduces paving costs, reduces environmental pollution and leads to gain sustainable paving.
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Studying the mechanical properties of improved cold emulsified asphalt mixtures containing cement and lime
Authors: Shanbara Haydar Kamil , Dulaimi Anmar , Al-Mansoori Tariq 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCold emulsified asphalt mixtures (CEAM) is a cost-effective and ecological technique for bituminous road pavements construction. This investigation evaluates the mechanical properties and durability of CEAM modified using cement and lime as filler replacement. The initial and long-term stiffness modulus, water damage resistance, permanent deformation and fatigue cracking resistance were investigated. To achieve this objective, different laboratory tests were carried out, including stiffness modulus, water damage resistance, wheel tracking and fatigue tests. The results show that incorporating cement and lime in cold emulsified mixtures have an optimistic impact on the mechanical properties and performance. In addition, accelerate the curing time was achieved using such modifiers that are capable of absorbing water.
Calculating the fundamental frequency of power law functionally graded beam using ANSYS software
Authors: Marzoq Zainab Abbood , Al-Ansari Luay S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work free vibration of simply supported, clamped-clamped and clamped-free functionally graded (FG) beam with material graduation transversally through the thickness, using the power-law model, were investigated. The beam’s functionally graded material (FGM) consists of aluminium (Al2O3) and steel (used in a typical case). Pure steel is the beam’s bottom surface, whereas pure aluminium is the beam’s top surface throughout the thickness change condition. Two finite element models were proposing to calculate the first non-dimensional frequency parameters of FG beam. These models are shell and solid, and they were employed using the ANSYS APDL version 17.2. The two models have been verifying with the previously published works, and a good agreement was founding. Numerical results were presented in graphical forms to study the effects of the power-law index (i.e. material distribution), length-to-thickness ratio, modulus ratio and types of support for the first non-dimensional frequency parameter of the FG beam. The above mention effects play a significant role in the free vibration of the beam. Power-law index (k) is one of the parameters affecting mainly on the frequency parameter of FG beam. The frequency parameter increase with increasing the power-law index when the modulus ratio less than one and decease with increasing the power-law index when the modulus ratio more than one, when the modulus ratio equal one ( i.e. pure material ), there is no effect of the power-law index in this case. When the modulus ratio (E ratio) increases, the frequency parameter increases too, but with the change rate depending on the length-to-thickness ratio (L/h) and power-law index(K). Also, the frequency increase with increasing the length to thickness ratio at any power-law index.
Impact of high volume GGBS replacement and steel bar length on flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Al-Khafaji Zainab S. , Majdi Ali , Shubbar Ali A. , Nasr Mohammed Salah , Al-Mamoori Shahad F. , Alkhulaifi Abdullah , Al-Mufti Rafal Latif , Al-Rifaie Ali , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Hashim Khalid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is one of the major ingredient utilized for the manufacture of concrete. The manufacturing of cement includes the release of huge amounts of CO2gas as a main contributor for greenhouse influence and global warming. Several researchers have investigated the characteristics of OPC concrete utilizing cementitious materials like fly ash, silica fume, and Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS) as replacement materials. The article aims to investigate experimentally the flexural behavior of concrete beams with GGBS. The experimental work was divided into three stages, the first one consists of six reinforced concrete beam specimens with (0%, 40% and 60%) of GGBS. During this stage, the used steel bars were 8 mm diameter and 500 mm in length. In the second stage, the length of the steel bars was reduced to 400 mm with the best mixture of (GGBS+OPC) that obtained from stage 1. In the third stage, the best length of steel bars was used with the best (GGBS+OPC) ratio to be tested at 7, 14 and 28 days from the date of casting. Consequences of this exploration suggests that replacement of OPC with 40 percent GGBS with 500 mm steel bar length can be used in reinforced concrete specimens as it shows comparable results relative to control mixtures (0% GGBS).
Shear Behaviour of Steel Girder with Web-Corrugated Core Sandwich Panels
Authors: Ammash Haider K. , Al-Bader Marwan A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Last few decades, corrugated web steel girders have the foremost widespread and used steel constructions due to their lightweight and high load carrying capacity compared with the stiffened flat web. This study aims to comprise an experimental work by testing ten specimens to improve the girders shear resistance. One reference specimen with a flat web in addition to nine models that are categorised to three groups in which each group differs in the corrugation shape. Rectangular, trapezoidal and triangular corrugation shapes of different heights (20, 40, and 60 mm) were utilised. All specimens used in the study have equal weight, which is approximately 30 kilograms per specimen. The experimental work included measuring the ultimate load capacities and load-deflection curves. Results showed that different failure modes were observed for those beams. It was also found that the beam with trapezoidal corrugation web has an increase in its strength by nearly 28% compared with the reference beam.
Distribution of Stresses in Reinforced and Unreinforced Flexible Pavement Layers under Dynamic Load
Authors: Jebur Fatin F. , Fattah Mohammed Y. , Abduljabbar Ahmed S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, the increasing demand for road transport makes maintenance and repair of road infrastructures key tasks for road engineering. The current experimental work consists of laboratory model experiments to understand the conduct of sand as a subgrade under dynamic load and its effect on the flexible pavement and base layer. Geogrid reinforcement was applied at the interface between the base and subgrade using SS2 type of geogrid. The road layers were exposed to harmonic dynamic load with two load amplitudes 10 and 15 kN and two frequencies 0.5 and 1 Hz. The vertical stresses in the road layers are measured using stress gauge sensor. It revealed that when laying the geogrid between the base course and subgrade and when base course thickness is 150 mm, the stress and displacement decreased with increase in the frequency and load amplitudes. But in the case of reinforcing layer at the center of the base course layer, the displacement decreased with increase in the frequency and loads except for one case when the load was 15 kN and frequency 0.5 Hz. It can be suggested that the maximum vertical displacement increased with the increase of base course thickness for both reinforced and unreinforced base layers. Also, it can be observed that the vertical stress increased by increasing the base course layer-thickness for unreinforced models.