bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Knowledge on and Attitudes toward Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Automated External Defibrillators in China
Authors: Wang Ming-Wei , Fu Xin-Yan , Wen Wen , Wang Chun-Yi , Ni Jie , Jiang Jing-Jie , Wu Min-Juan , Xu Zhao , Cheng Yong-Ran , Zhou Meng-Yun , Ye Lan , Feng Zhan-Hui , Chen Juan , Zhang Xing-Wei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to determine the current knowledge levels on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillators of Chinese citizens.

Methods:
A face-to-face questionnaire survey on the knowledge of and attitudes toward the use of CPR and AEDs during an OHCA event was conducted in three high-traffic train stations in Hangzhou and Taizhou, China. The survey included questions on previous experience with CPR, recognition of cardiac arrest, CPR-related concerns, and AED knowledge.

Results:
A total of 6268 participants were surveyed about their knowledge of and attitudes toward the use of CPR and AEDs. A total of 5981 valid questionnaires, including 3008 from female respondents (50.2%) and 2973 from male respondents (49.8%), were retrieved. The participants were geographically distributed as follows: 18.5% from western China, 19.5% from central China, and 77.0% from eastern China. The educational level, regular residence, and sex of the respondents, as well as legislative policies, were relevant to the knowledge of and attitudes toward the use of CPR and AEDs for OHCA events. The results showed that men were more active than women in terms of CPR training and implementation, as well as had more knowledge and used AEDs more often. More people in eastern and central China had witnessed CPR performance, would pay for CPR training, and would be willing to perform CPR if there was a related legislative policy. Moreover, educational level was crucial to the knowledge of and attitudes toward the use of CPR and AEDs during OHCA events.

Conclusions:
Chinese citizens lack CPR and AED knowledge and training compared with people in developed countries. We recommend that the state should increase public awareness of CPR and AEDs in China. Mass education, policy implementation, specialized training, and legislative action should be carried out.
Noncircular algebraic curves of constant width: an answer to Rabinowitz
Authors: Martinez-Maure Yves 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn response to an open problem raised by S. Rabinowitz, we prove that
$$ \begin{align*} \begin{array} [c]{l} \left( \left( x^{2}+y^{2}\right) {}^{2}+8y\left( y^{2}-3x^{2}\right) \right) {}^{2}+432y\left( y^{2}-3x^{2}\right) \left( 351-10\left( x^{2}+y^{2}\right) \right) \\ =567^{3}+28\left( x^{2}+y^{2}\right) {}^{3}+486\left( x^{2}+y^{2}\right) \left( 67\left( x^{2}+y^{2}\right) -567\times18\right) \end{array} \end{align*} $$
is the equation of a plane convex curve of constant width.
INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY OF OIL REMOVED SOILS
Authors: Nizomitdinova Ma’rifatxon , Alijonova Maxliyo , Mirzajonov Muhammadjon 
Published: July 2021

Maqolada tuproqning neft mahsulotlari bilan ifloslanishi oqibatida tuproqdagi gumus miqdori ham o’zgarishi ma’lum bo‘di, bu esa tuproqning meliorativ holatiga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatishi aniqlandi. Tuproqning neft va neft mahsulotlaridan tozalangan qatlamini unumdorligini oshirishda organik va mineral o‘g‘itlardan foydalanish maqsadga muvofiqligi aniqlandi.
La escuela como espacio para convertirse en profesor: Experiencias de docentes de Educación Física en formación (The school as a space to become a teacher: Experiences of Physical Education teachers in training)
Authors: Pérez Norambuena Samuel , Aburto Godoy Raquel , Poblete-Valderrama Felipe , Aguayo Álvarez Oscar 
Published: July 2021

En la formación de profesores, los futuros maestros aprenden una amplia gama de conocimientos y habilidades. Se ha indicado que la práctica docente es la parte más importante de la formación ya que afecta el desarrollo personal y profesional de los estudiantes de pedagogía. Esta investigación se centró en analizar los significados de las experiencias vivenciadas de 36 docentes en formación, durante un período de práctica docente en escuelas secundarias de la región del Bío-Bío, Chile. Estudio de tipo cualitativo cuyo instrumento de recogida de información fue la bitácora de registro digital. Los principales hallazgos dan cuenta que los estudiantes docentes experimentan una amplia variedad de emociones, durante este proceso formativo, influenciado por las interacciones que ocurren en el aula, la relación que se produce con los estudiantes, la comunicación con profesores que les guían en la escuela y por el contexto de éstas. Estos elementos interpelan y predisponen su desempeño docente. Los resultados además sugieren que es necesario incorporar, de manera intencionada en la formación, los temas relacionado con las interacciones humanas, ya que son fundamentales para asumir los desafíos futuros como profesores.
Abstract: In teacher training, future teachers learn a wide range of knowledge and skills. It has been indicated that teaching practice is the most important part of training since it affects the personal and professional development of pedagogy students. This research focused on analyzing the meanings of the experiences of 36 teachers in training, during a period of teaching practice in secondary schools in the Bío-Bío region, Chile. Qualitative study whose information collection instrument was the digital registry log. The main findings show that student teachers experience a wide variety of emotions during this training process, influenced by the interactions that occur in the classroom, the relationship that occurs with students, communication with teachers who guide them in school and by the context of these. These elements challenge and predispose their teaching performance. The results also suggest that it is necessary to intentionally incorporate issues related to human interactions in training, as they are essential to take on future challenges as teachers.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KOMPRES AIR HANGAT TERHADAP NYERI DISMENOREA PADAREMAJA DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS SIMALANGALAM
Authors: Munthe Lijah 
Published: July 2021

Gangguan menstruasi yang sering terjadi pada kebanyakan perempuan adalah dismenorea. Penanganan untuk mengurangi atau menghilangkan nyeri haid (dismenorea) bisa dilakukan dengan terapi nonfarmakoogi yaitu kompres hangat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang Pengaruh Pemberian Kompres Air Hangat terhadap Nyeri Dismenorea pada Remaja di Wilayah Puskesmas Simangalam Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara Tahun 2020.
Penelitian ini menggunakan Quasy Experiment dengan pendekatan one-group pretest-posttes design. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada 01 Agustus 2020 sampai dengan 31 Agustus 2020. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh remaja di Wilayah Puskesmas Simangalam Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara sebanyak 2412 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan Purposive sampling berjumlah 15 orang.
Hasil Penelitian didapat bahwa Nyeri Dismenorea pada Remaja sebelum diberikan Kompres Air Hangat di Wilayah Puskesmas Simangalam Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara Tahun 2020 adalah sebagian besar nyeri sedang, Nyeri Dismenorea pada Remaja sebelum diberikan Kompres Air Hangat di Wilayah Puskesmas Simangalam Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara Tahun 2020 adalah sebagian besar nyeri ringan. hasil uji Paired Sample –Test didapat nilai p- 0,0001< α=0,05 maka H0 ditolak artinya secara simultan terdapat Pengaruh Pemberian Kompres Air Hangat terhadap Nyeri Dismenorea pada Remaja di Wilayah Puskesmas Simangalam Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara Tahun 2020.
Saran dalam penelitian ini kader kesehatan yang ada di Wilayah Puskesmas Simangalam Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara turut serta memberikan edukasi tentang pentingnya pemberian kompres hangat dalam pengurangan nyeri.
Measurement report: Emissions of intermediate-volatility organic compounds from vehicles under real-world driving conditions in an urban tunnel
Authors: Fang Hua , Huang Xiaoqing , Zhang Yanli , Pei Chenglei , Huang Zuzhao , Wang Yujun , Chen Yanning , Yan Jianhong , Zeng Jianqiang , Xiao Shaoxuan , Luo Shilu , Li Sheng , Wang Jun , Zhu Ming , Fu Xuewei , Wu Zhenfeng , Zhang Runqi , Song Wei , Zhang Guohua , Hu Weiwei , Tang Mingjin , Ding Xiang , Bi Xinhui , Wang Xinming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) emitted from vehicles are
important precursors to secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in urban areas, yet
vehicular emission of IVOCs, particularly from on-road fleets, is poorly
understood. Here we initiated a field campaign to collect IVOCs with
sorption tubes at both the inlet and the outlet in a busy urban tunnel
(>30 000 vehicles per day) in south China for characterizing
emissions of IVOCs from on-road vehicles. The average emission factor of
IVOCs (EFIVOCs) was measured to be 16.77±0.89 mg km−1
(average ±95 % CI, confidence interval) for diesel and gasoline vehicles in the
fleets, and based on linear regression, the average EFIVOCs was derived
to be 62.79±18.37 mg km−1 for diesel vehicles and 13.95±1.13 mg km−1 for gasoline vehicles. The EFIVOCs for diesel
vehicles from this study was comparable to that reported previously for
non-road engines without after-treatment facilities, while the EFIVOCs
for gasoline vehicles from this study was much higher than that recently
tested for a China V gasoline vehicle. IVOCs from the on-road fleets did not
show significant correlation with the primary organic aerosol (POA) or total
non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) as results from previous chassis
dynamometer tests. Estimated SOA production from the vehicular IVOCs and
VOCs surpassed the POA by a factor of ∼2.4, and IVOCs
dominated over VOCs in estimated SOA production by a factor of
∼7, suggesting that controlling IVOCs is of greater
importance to modulate traffic-related organic aerosol (OA) in urban areas. The results
demonstrated that although on-road gasoline vehicles have much lower
EFIVOCs, they contribute more IVOCs than on-road diesel vehicles due to
its dominance in the on-road fleets. However, due to greater diesel than
gasoline fuel consumption in China, emission of IVOCs from diesel engines
would be much larger than that from gasoline engines, signaling the
overwhelming contribution of IVOC emissions by non-road diesel engines in
China.
Air–sea exchange of acetone, acetaldehyde, DMS and isoprene at a UK coastal site
Authors: Phillips Daniel P. , Hopkins Frances E. , Bell Thomas G. , Liss Peter S. , Nightingale Philip D. , Reeves Claire E. , Wohl Charel , Yang Mingxi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and are
important for atmospheric chemistry. Large uncertainties remain in the role
of the ocean in the atmospheric VOC budget because of poorly constrained
marine sources and sinks. There are very few direct measurements of air–sea
VOC fluxes near the coast, where natural marine emissions could influence
coastal air quality (i.e. ozone, aerosols) and terrestrial gaseous emissions
could be taken up by the coastal seas. To address this, we present air–sea flux measurements of acetone,
acetaldehyde and dimethylsulfide (DMS) at the coastal Penlee Point
Atmospheric Observatory (PPAO) in the south-west UK during the spring
(April–May 2018). Fluxes of these gases were measured simultaneously by eddy
covariance (EC) using a proton-transfer-reaction quadrupole mass
spectrometer. Comparisons are made between two wind sectors representative
of different air–water exchange regimes: the open-water sector facing the
North Atlantic Ocean and the terrestrially influenced Plymouth Sound fed by
two estuaries. Mean EC (± 1 standard error) fluxes of acetone, acetaldehyde and DMS
from the open-water wind sector were −8.0 ± 0.8, −1.6 ± 1.4
and 4.7 ± 0.6 µmol m−2 d−1 respectively (“−” sign
indicates net air-to-sea deposition). These measurements are generally
comparable (same order of magnitude) to previous measurements in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean at the same latitude. In comparison, the Plymouth Sound
wind sector showed respective fluxes of −12.9 ± 1.4, −4.5 ± 1.7
and 1.8 ± 0.8 µmol m−2 d−1. The greater deposition
fluxes of acetone and acetaldehyde within the Plymouth Sound were likely to
a large degree driven by higher atmospheric concentrations from the
terrestrial wind sector. The reduced DMS emission from the Plymouth Sound
was caused by a combination of lower wind speed and likely lower dissolved
concentrations as a result of the estuarine influence (i.e. dilution). In addition, we measured the near-surface seawater concentrations of
acetone, acetaldehyde, DMS and isoprene from a marine station 6 km offshore.
Comparisons are made between EC fluxes from the open-water and bulk air–sea
VOC fluxes calculated using air and water concentrations with a two-layer (TL)
model of gas transfer. The calculated TL fluxes agree with the EC
measurements with respect to the directions and magnitudes of fluxes,
implying that any recently proposed surface emissions of acetone and
acetaldehyde would be within the propagated uncertainty of 2.6 µmol m−2 d−1. The computed transfer velocities of DMS, acetone and acetaldehyde
from the EC fluxes and air and water concentrations are largely consistent with
previous transfer velocity estimates from the open ocean. This suggests that
wind, rather than bottom-driven turbulence and current velocity, is the main
driver for gas exchange within the open-water sector at PPAO (depth of
∼ 20 m).
The motion of trees in the wind: a data synthesis
Authors: Jackson Toby D. , Sethi Sarab , Dellwik Ebba , Angelou Nikolas , Bunce Amanda , van Emmerik Tim , Duperat Marine , Ruel Jean-Claude , Wellpott Axel , Van Bloem Skip , Achim Alexis , Kane Brian , Ciruzzi Dominick M. , Loheide II Steven P. , James Ken , Burcham Daniel , Moore John , Schindler Dirk , Kolbe Sven , Wiegmann Kilian , Rudnicki Mark , Lieffers Victor J. , Selker John , Gougherty Andrew V. , Newson Tim , Koeser Andrew , Miesbauer Jason , Samelson Roger , Wagner Jim , Ambrose Anthony R. , Detter Andreas , Rust Steffen , Coomes David , Gardiner Barry 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Interactions between wind and trees control energy exchanges between the
atmosphere and forest canopies. This energy exchange can lead to the
widespread damage of trees, and wind is a key disturbance agent in many of
the world's forests. However, most research on this topic has focused on
conifer plantations, where risk management is economically important, rather
than broadleaf forests, which dominate the forest carbon cycle. This study
brings together tree motion time-series data to systematically evaluate the
factors influencing tree responses to wind loading, including data from both
broadleaf and coniferous trees in forests and open environments. We found that the two most descriptive features of tree motion were (a) the fundamental frequency, which is a measure of the speed at which a tree
sways and is strongly related to tree height, and (b) the slope of the power
spectrum, which is related to the efficiency of energy transfer from wind to
trees. Intriguingly, the slope of the power spectrum was found to remain
constant from medium to high wind speeds for all trees in this study. This
suggests that, contrary to some predictions, damping or amplification
mechanisms do not change dramatically at high wind speeds, and therefore wind
damage risk is related, relatively simply, to wind speed. Conifers from forests were distinct from broadleaves in terms of their
response to wind loading. Specifically, the fundamental frequency of forest
conifers was related to their size according to the cantilever beam model
(i.e. vertically distributed mass), whereas broadleaves were better
approximated by the simple pendulum model (i.e. dominated by the crown).
Forest conifers also had a steeper slope of the power spectrum. We interpret
these finding as being strongly related to tree architecture; i.e. conifers
generally have a simple shape due to their apical dominance, whereas
broadleaves exhibit a much wider range of architectures with more dominant
crowns.
Parallel computing efficiency of SWAN 40.91
Authors: Rautenbach Christo , Mullarney Julia C. , Bryan Karin R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Effective and accurate ocean and coastal wave predictions
are necessary for engineering, safety and recreational purposes. Refining
predictive capabilities is increasingly critical to reduce the uncertainties
faced with a changing global wave climatology. Simulating WAves in the
Nearshore (SWAN) is a widely used spectral wave modelling tool employed by
coastal engineers and scientists, including for operational wave forecasting
purposes. Fore- and hindcasts can span hours to decades, and a detailed
understanding of the computational efficiencies is required to design
optimized operational protocols and hindcast scenarios. To date, there
exists limited knowledge on the relationship between the size of a SWAN
computational domain and the optimal amount of parallel computational
threads/cores required to execute a simulation effectively. To test the
scalability, a hindcast cluster of 28 computational threads/cores (1 node)
was used to determine the computation efficiencies of a SWAN model
configuration for southern Africa. The model extent and resolution emulate
the current operational wave forecasting configuration developed by the
South African Weather Service (SAWS). We implemented and compared both
OpenMP and the Message Passing Interface (MPI) distributing memory
architectures. Three sequential simulations (corresponding to typical grid
cell numbers) were compared to various permutations of parallel computations
using the speed-up ratio, time-saving ratio and efficiency tests. Generally,
a computational node configuration of six threads/cores produced the most
effective computational set-up based on wave hindcasts of 1-week duration.
The use of more than 20 threads/cores resulted in a decrease in speed-up
ratio for the smallest computation domain, owing to the increased sub-domain
communication times for limited domain sizes.
Analysis of meteorological parameters triggering rainfall-induced landslide: a review of 70 years in Valtellina
Authors: Abbate Andrea , Papini Monica , Longoni Laura 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. This paper presents an extended reanalysis of the rainfall-induced geo-hydrological events that have occurred in the last 70 years in the alpine area of the Lombardy region, Italy. The work is focused on the description of the major meteorological triggering factors that have caused diffuse episodes of shallow landslides and debris flow. The aim of this reanalysis was to try to evaluate their magnitude quantitatively. The triggering factors were studied following two approaches. The first one
started from the conventional analysis of the rainfall intensity (I) and
duration (D) considering local rain gauge data and applying the I–D
threshold methodology integrated with an estimation of the events' return
period. We then extended this analysis and proposed a new index for the
magnitude assessment (magnitude index, MI) based on frequency–magnitude theory. The MI was defined considering both the return period and the spatial extent of each rainfall episode. The second approach is based on a regional-scale analysis of meteorological
triggers. In particular, the strength of the extratropical cyclone (EC) structure associated with the precipitation events was assessed through the sea level pressure tendency (SLPT) meteorological index. The latter has been estimated from the Norwegian cyclone model (NCM) theory. Both indexes have shown an agreement in ranking the event's magnitude
(R2=0.88), giving a similar interpretation of the severity that
was also found to be in accordance with the information reported in historical
databases. This back analysis of 70 years in Valtellina identifies the MI and the SLPT
as good magnitude indicators of the event, confirming that a strong cause–effect relationship exists among the EC intensity and the local
rainfall recorded on the ground. In respect of the conventional I–D
threshold methodology, which is limited to a binary estimate of the likelihood of landslide occurrence, the evaluation of the MI and the SLPT
indexes allows quantifying the magnitude of a rainfall episode capable of
generating severe geo-hydrological hazards.
Spatial and temporal variability of solar penetration depths in the Bay of Bengal and its impact on sea surface temperature (SST) during the summer monsoon
Authors: Giddings Jack , Heywood Karen J. , Matthews Adrian J. , Joshi Manoj M. , Webber Benjamin G. M. , Sanchez-Franks Alejandra , King Brian A. , Vinayachandran Puthenveettil N. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Chlorophyll has long been known to influence air–sea gas exchange
and CO2 drawdown. But chlorophyll also influences regional climate
through its effect on solar radiation absorption and thus sea surface
temperature (SST). In the Bay of Bengal, the effect of chlorophyll on SST has
been demonstrated to have a significant impact on the Indian summer
(southwest) monsoon. However, little is known about the drivers and impacts
of chlorophyll variability in the Bay of Bengal during the southwest
monsoon. Here we use observations of downwelling irradiance measured by an
ocean glider and three profiling floats to determine the spatial and
temporal variability of solar absorption across the southern Bay of Bengal
during the 2016 summer monsoon. A two-band exponential solar absorption
scheme is fitted to vertical profiles of photosynthetically active radiation
to determine the effective scale depth of blue light. Scale depths of blue
light are found to vary from 12 m during the highest (0.3–0.5 mg m−3)
mixed-layer chlorophyll concentrations to over 25 m when the mixed-layer
chlorophyll concentrations are below 0.1 mg m−3. The Southwest Monsoon
Current and coastal regions of the Bay of Bengal are observed to have higher
mixed-layer chlorophyll concentrations and shallower solar penetration
depths than other regions of the southern Bay of Bengal. Substantial
sub-daily variability in solar radiation absorption is observed, which
highlights the importance of near-surface ocean processes in modulating
mixed-layer chlorophyll. Simulations using a one-dimensional K-profile
parameterization ocean mixed-layer model with observed surface forcing from
July 2016 show that a 0.3 mg m−3 increase in chlorophyll concentration
increases sea surface temperature by 0.35 ∘C in 1 month, with SST
differences growing rapidly during calm and sunny conditions. This has the
potential to influence monsoon rainfall around the Bay of Bengal and its
intraseasonal variability.