bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing contribution of climate variables to the explanation of Quercus spp. single-tree biomass variability in Eurasia as related to model deviation from allometry
Authors: Усольцев В.А. , Ковязин В.Ф. , Цепордей И.С. 
Published: January 2021

Лесные экосистемы, являясь поглотителями атмосферного углерода, играют важную роль в сокращении выбросов CO2 и предотвращении потепления климата. Авторы попытались смоделировать биомассу модельных деревьев Quercus L.,используя данные 500 деревьев, распределенных вдоль транс-евразийских гидротермических градиентов. На сегодняшний день предложено несколько моделей биомассы деревьев и древостоев, включающих в качестве независимых переменных как их морфолого-структурные характеристики, так и климатические показатели. Существующие модели позволяют прогнозировать изменения биомассы вследствие сдвигов климатических трендов, но не показывают вклада климатических переменных в объяснение изменчивости биомассы, которая зависит как от вида дерева и древостоя, так и от структуры модели. Разработанные модели показывают, в какой степени отклонение от классической аллометрической модели, вызванное включением дополнительных независимых переменных, увеличивает вклад климатических переменных в объяснение изменчивости биомассы. Этот вклад наибольший, когда модель включает возраст, диаметр ствола, высоту дерева и их совокупный эффект. 3D-интерпретация«лучшей» модели показала пропеллеро-образную зависимость компонентов биомассы дуба от температуры и осадков, форма которой является зеркальным отражением аналогичной зависимости для биомассы деревьев двухвойных сосен и лиственниц. Это может быть связано с особенностями функционирования лиственных и хвойных видов.
Forest ecosystems, as sinks of atmospheric carbon, play an important role in reducing CO2 emissions and preventing annual temperatures from rising. We attempted to model Quercus spp. single-tree biomass using the data from 500 sample trees distributed along the trans-Eurasian hydrothermal gradients. Today, several models of the biomass of trees and stands have been proposed, including both morphological-structural characteristics of trees and stands, and climate indicators as independent variables. The models make it possible to predict changes in biomass due to shifts in climate trends, but do not show the contribution of climate variables to the explanation of biomass variability, which depends on both the species of the tree and stand, and the structure of a model. The models designed show to what extent the deviation from the classical allometric model caused by the inclusion of additional independent variables, increases the contribution of climate variables to the explanation of biomass variability. The model shows the greatest contribution when itincludes age, stem diameter, tree height, and their combined effect. The 3D- interpretation of the «best» model showed a propeller-shaped dependence of the components of oak tree biomass on temperatures and precipitation, the shape of which is a mirror image of a similar dependence for the biomass of trees of two-needled pines and larches. This may be due to the functioning traits of leaved and coniferous species.
Propriedades farmacológicas do Sesquiterpeno α - Bisabolol: uma breve revisão
Authors: Souza Elaine Roberta Leite de , Gomes Nílvia Maria Lima , Cruz José Henrique de Araújo , Santos Jéssica Fernanda Delfino dos , Oliveira Filho Abrahão Alves de 
Published: January 2021

Introdução: O a-bisabolol é um álcool sesquiterpênico monocíclico amplamente utilizado em formulações cosméticas, o qual foi isolado de flores da camomila Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre as propriedades farmacológicas do α-bisabolol e sua aplicação como alternativa para o tratamento das mais diversas patologias que podem acometer o ser humano. Material e método: Foi realizada uma seleção de artigos científicos recuperados a partir das bases de dados: Lilacs, MEDLINE, BVS e Scielo, além de monografias que atenderam aos requisitos do tema abordado, apresentando informações confiáveis e publicados em bases de dados no período 2008 a 2018 com exceção de artigos clássicos que se apresentaram imprescindíveis ao presente estudo. Do total, 2.072 artigos foram obtidos e destes foram selecionados 28 artigos como amostra, que apresentaram a temática elencada para a pesquisa e que foram discutidos nas seguintes sessões: a) caracterização e estrutura química; b) potencial antimicrobano c) potencial anti-inflamatório; d) potencial gastoprotetor; e) potencial antineoplásico e antimetastático. Resultados: o α-bisabolol demonstra um grande potencial e eficácia como agente antimicrobiano, gastroprotetor, anti-inflamatório, antineoplásico e antimetastático observados em estudos in vitro e in vivo. Tal substância amplamente conhecida e utilizada vem demonstrando resultados positivos e animadores para o tratamento das mais diversas afecções que acometem a saúde da população, tanto em sua forma original quanto seus derivados. Conclusão: Portanto, as reduzidas pesquisas, principalmente in vivo, reforçam a necessidade de se intensificar estudos sobre o assunto.
Descritores: Plantas Medicinais; Terpenos; Farmacologia; Fitoterapia.
Clareamento dental de consultório e sensibilidade: relato de caso
Authors: Costa Edivan Ilton Dantas da , Lopes Thales de Queiroz , Cruz José Henrique de Araújo , Guênes Gymenna Maria Tenório , Medeiros Luanna Abílio Diniz Melquíades de , Penha Elizandra Silva da , Almeida Manuella Santos Carneiro , Figueiredo Camila Helena Machado da Costa 
Published: January 2021

Os tratamentos estéticos na odontologia estão sendo bastante procurados na atualidade, entre eles o clareamento dental se destaca. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar um caso clínico de clareamento dental em consultório e discutir os aspectos relacionados à alteração de cor, bem como à sensibilidade causada pelo agente. Paciente do sexo masculino, 26 anos, leucoderma procurou atendimento odontológico da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG) queixando-se da cor amarelada dos seus dentes. Sistemicamente saudável e com boa condição de saúde bucal, após exame intra-oral foi indicado clareamento dental em consultório com Whiteness HP 35%. O tratamento proposto foi iniciado na sessão seguinte com profilaxia sob uso de pedra pomes, água e escova de robinson, com posterior aplicação de barreira gengival TopDam e aplicação do gel clareador na proporção 3:1 de peróxido de hidrogênio e espessante, respectivamente, sendo realizado uma nova aplicação a cada 15 minutos, totalizando 3 aplicações em cada sessão, uma sessão semanalmente. Repetindo-se o protocolo recomendado, na terceira sessão foi realizada uma quarta aplicação do gel clareador topicamente nos quatro caninos, uma vez que estes se encontravam mais amarelados. Assim, a mudança de cor ocorreu da escala A3 para A1. O paciente foi submetido a responder dois questionários, o teste de sensibilidade pela escala de Wong e Baker, e o de satisfação do indivíduo em relação à estética do próprio sorriso. Ao término do tratamento, o grau de desconforto de sensibilidade após as sessões foi caracterizando como um desconforto que dói muito, mas perdurando apenas nas primeiras 24h, e alto nível de satisfação depois do tratamento. Portanto, o clareamento dentário é um procedimento simples, minimamente invasivo e com excelentes resultados estéticos.
Deep Capsule Network Handwritten Digit Recognition
Authors: Tan Yuxing , Yao Hongge 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the weakness of CNN that is not sensitive to the changes of relative position and angle, a method of digital handwritten recognition based on deep capsule network is researched. The capsule network represents multiple attributes of an entity through a group of capsules composed of neurons, which effectively preserves the information about the position and posture of the entity. Dynamic routing algorithm makes the information interaction between capsules more clearly, and can determine the pose of the entity more accurately. While solving the shortcomings of convolutional neural networks, it also integrates the advantages of CNN and considers the relative position of it’s lack, so that the recognition effect is improved. The design implements a deep capsule network, reduces the amount of trainable parameters by changing the size of the convolution kernel, expands on the original network structure, adds a convolution after the convolution layer, and a process of dynamic routing on the main dynamic routing is added, and the number of iterations is changed for experimentation, which makes the accuracy of network recognition higher on the MNIST data set.
Experimental study of local scour around T-shaped spur dike in a meandering channel
Authors: Tripathi Ravi Prakash , Pandey K. K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A spur dike is mainly constructed as a river-training structure and is primarily used to prevent bank erosion. The restriction to flow caused by the construction of a spur dike promotes local scour around the structure. In the case of a dike placed in a channel bend, the scour becomes more aggressive. The literature review found that the research work related to local scour around a spur dike located in a meandering channel is very limited or minimal. Therefore, an experimental investigation was conducted to study the local scour process around a T-shaped spur dike placed at different locations along the outer bank (or concave) of a reverse-meandering channel. Non-dimensionalized empirical equations for temporal and maximum local scour depth were developed as the function of the Froude number of approach flow and spur dike location. It is observed that local scour around the dike increases with the increase in Froude number and location in the meander (measured from the entry to meander). The formulation for the maximum scour depth was further evaluated with the experimental data related to the 180° bend, from literature, and it was found that the proposed equation's application is very much limited.
Spatiotemporal variations of multi-scale drought in Shandong Province from 1961 to 2017
Authors: Yao Tian , Zhao Qiang , Li Xin-ying , Shen Zhen-tao , Ran Peng-yu , Wu Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDrought has caused serious damage to the water resource system and agricultural production in Shandong Province, China. This study calculated the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) based on the monthly precipitation and average temperature data of 25 meteorological stations in Shandong Province from 1961 to 2017. The trend analysis method and ArcGIS software were utilized to analyze the multi-scale (SPEI-1, SPEI-3, and SPEI-12) spatiotemporal changes of drought. The results revealed that (1) The intensity of drought showed an increasing trend in Shandong Province from 1961 to 2017; (2) The main periods of the drought on the seasonal scale (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) and annual scale were 8 years, 4 years, 15 years, 4 years, and 4 years, respectively; (3) Of the four seasons, the frequency of drought in autumn and winter were the highest. At the annual scale, the high-frequency drought areas were mainly concentrated in the southern mountainous regions; (4) In terms of the spatial change trend of drought, Shandong Province as a whole displayed a trend of becoming wet in the central and southwest regions and dry in the eastern region; and (5) Droughts were discovered to be simultaneously influenced by multiple atmospheric circulation indices in Shandong Province.
Even memoreren: 600 jaar geleden stierf Lodewijk van Male.
Authors: GT gt 
Published: January 2021

Loclewijk van Male, 25e Graaf van Vlaanderen, stierf op 53-jarige leeftijd in de Abdij van St-Bertin, nabij St-Omer. Hij was geboren in het Slot van Male in november 1330 als zoon van Loclewijk van Nevers.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERISATION OF FAST DISSOLVING FILM OF POORLY WATERSOLUBLE DRUG LURASIDONE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: PRABHU ANAGHA , Arondeka ASMITA ARONDEKAR , BHIDE PRASHANT , SHWETA BORKAR  
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of the present work was to formulate and evaluate a fast-dissolving oral film of lurasidone hydrochlorideused as an atypical antipsychotic for the treatment of schizophrenia capable of providing faster onset of action.
Methods: The fastdissolving films of lurasidone hydrochloride were prepared by the solvent casting technique using different compositions and combinations of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E-3, E-5, E-15, and K4M as fast-dissolving polymer bases. A set of seven formulations were prepared and evaluated for parameters like physical characterization, thickness, weight uniformity, mechanical characteristics (folding endurance,tensile strength), surface pH, in vitro disintegration time, drug content, and an in vitro drug release.
Results: The prepared films exhibited uniform and a smooth surface with uniform weight, thicknessand 89-90% mg drug content. The formulation F7 Showed excellent elasticity and disintegration within seconds. Lurasidone hydrochloride was rapidly released in vitro from all formulations. The release was found to be rapid and maximum of 41.5% in Phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and 58.6% in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid over a period of 30 min. The further optimized formulation F7Adepicted a faster and maximum release of 78% as compared to the marketed tablet 74%.
Conclusion: The developed formulation is a better alternative to tablets by its ability to produce good drug release.
A VALIDATED RP-HPLC METHOD FOR IMPURITY PROFILING OF SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE IN INJECTION DOSAGE FORM
Authors: P. MURALI KRISHNAM RAJU , B. VENKATA NARAYANA , P. SHYAMALA , KONDRA SRINIVASU , DANTULURI HSN RAJU 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The main objective of this research work is to develop and validate a single reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method. This method should becapable of quantifying all the known, as well as other possible degradation impurities of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in its injection formulation.
Methods: Of allmethod development trails, we have observed better separations between known and degradation impuritiesin Inert sustain C18, (250 x 4.6) mm, 5 µm column at 30 °C temperature. Isocratic elution was carried out by using pH 8.6 phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 65:35 %v/v with a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The detection was carried out at 220 nm, with an injection volume of 10 µl.
Results: In the proposed method, SNP was eluted at 22.5 min. Nitrite, nitrate, and ferrocyanide were linear from 0.25 to 37 μg/ml, ferricyanide was linear from 1.0 to 37 μg/ml, and SNP was linear from 0.75 to 37 μg/ml. The % RSD for six spiked samples (precision)was found to be less than 0.5 %. Accuracy was performed for known impurities from LOQ to 150 % for a 0.5 % specification level. The resultswere found to be in the acceptance range of 90-110 %. The LOQ concentration of nitrite, nitrate, and ferrocyanide was 0.25 μg/ml each,LOQ offerricyanide and SNP was found to be 1.0 μg/ml and 0.75 μg/ml, respectively. The SNP injection samples were exposed to different degradation conditions, and the results were found specific in the proposed methodology.
Conclusion: The proposed RP-HPLC method is specific, precise, accurate, linear, stable, and robust for quantification of known and other possible degradation impurities in SNP injection formulation.
RP-HPLC (STABILITY-INDICATING) BASED ASSAY METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF DORAVIRINE, TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE AND LAMIVUDINE
Authors: TIRUVEEDHI V. L. N. BALAJI GUPTA , BATTULA VENKATESWARA RAO , BONIGE KISHORE BABU 
Published: January 2021

Objective: In this study, a RP-HPLC (stability-indicating) based assay method for the estimation of doravirine (DRV), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TFF) and lamivudine (LMV) simultaneously in the tablets was described.
Methods: The simultaneous analysis of DRV, TFF and LMV was done with HPLC system (Agilent 1100 series) and Luna Phenomenex C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 μ) column with isocratic mobile phase (35% volume ratio of methanol and 65% volume ratio of 20 mmol ammonium formate, pH 5). Validation of assay method was done on sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, selectivity, precision, robustness and specificity.
Results: The calibration curves were linear through the range of 25-200 µg/ml for DRV and 75-600 µg/ml for TFF and LMV. The percent relative standard deviation for intraday variation/precision, interday variation/precision, intermediate precision/ruggedness and robustness were lower than 2%. The recovery of LMV (99.09-99.76%), TFF (99.10-99.41%) and DRV (98.65-99.28%) confirmed the good accuracy. The stability of LMV, TFF and DRV in 0.1N NaOH, 3% peroxide, 0.1 N HCl, UV light and dry heat of 60 °C was determined.
Conclusion: The results have allowed the method to be implemented in the tablets to quantify DRV, TFF, and LMV.
A REVIEW ON POLOXAMER AND HYDROXY PROPYL METHYL CELLULOSE COMBINATION AS THERMORESPONSIVE POLYMERS IN NOVEL OPHTHALMIC IN SITU GEL FORMULATION AND THEIR CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: KURNIAWANSYAH INSAN SUNAN , RUSDIANA TAOFIK , SOPYAN IYAN , SUBARNAS ANAS 
Published: January 2021

Poor bioavailability is one of the most significant problems in the delivery of the ocular drug system. Ophthalmic ointments, solutions and suspensions are the most frequently used dosage forms to treat ocular disease, and their effectiveness as a drug are compromised by several limitations that lead to poor ocular bioavailability. In situ gel is one of the most promising strategy and solutions to improve the ocular bioavailability of drugs. The purpose of this review is to discuss the formulation and characterization of in situ gel. This review is written based on the data or information obtained by using several search engines and several scientific journals, focused on Poloxamer 407 and Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) bases combination.
Active ingredients to treat ocular disease such as Ciprofloxacin, Fluconazole and Ofloxacin can be formulated with the combination of Poloxamer 407 as polymer gelling agent and HPMC as viscosity enhancer to produce good quality in situ gel dosage forms. The in situ gel dosage forms can be a promising alternate solution for the ophthalmic delivery system.
STUDY OF ISOTONICITY AND OCULAR IRRITATION OF CHLORAMPHENICOL IN SITU GEL
Authors: KURNIAWANSYAH INSAN SUNAN , RUSDIANA TAOFIK , ABNAZ ZAHRA DZAKIRAH , SOPYAN IYAN , SUBARNAS ANAS 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the isotonicity of chloramphenicol ophthalmic in situ gel and to know the irritating effect of its in the eyes of test animals, so it can be to maximize absorption of the drug in the eye, minimize drug loss before corneal penetration and safe to used.
Methods: This study were started by making four aseptic formulations of in situ gel preparations with a comparison of the baseline concentrations of different Poloxamer 407 and HPMC, F1 (5: 0.45), F2 (10: 0.45), F3 (5: 1) and F4 (10: 1). Four aseptic of in situ gel preparations, followed by a qualitative isotonicity test using blood cells to see the comparison between control and test preparations, and ocular irritation test using the draize test method to determine the presence or absence of the irritation.
Results: The results obtained from the isotonicity test showed that the four preparations have normal blood cells that similar with isotonic control solution; therefore, it can be said that the preparations have been made isotonic.
The results of the ocular irritation test using the draize test method showed for each category, such as cornea, iris, conjunctiva and edema were zero. A zero value on the cornea indicates no ulceration or opacity, and the iris, conjunctiva and edema were normal. Conclusion: Chloramphenicol in situ gel are isotonic and do not cause irritation to the rabbit's eyes, so they are safe to use and the formulation can be used for further research until the final goal is obtained.
FABRICATION OF SODIUM ALGINATE/GUM GHATTI IPN MICROBEADS INTERCALATED WITH KAOLIN NANO CLAY FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE OF CURCUMIN
Authors: GANESH D. , SURESH P. , RAO G. SRINIVAS 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of this study is to fabricate sodium alginate (SA)/gum ghatti (GG) microbeads intercalated with Kaolin (KA) nano clay for the sustained release of curcumin (CUR).
Methods: The microbeads were prepared by a simple ionotropic gelation technique. The developed beads were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (X-RD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Swelling studies and in vitro release studies were investigated under both pH 7.4 and pH 1.2 at 37 °C.
Results: The developed microbeads were characterized by FTIR, which confirms the interaction between CUR, polymeric matrix and KA. DSC and XRD analysis reveals that the CUR has molecularly dispersed in the polymer matrix. In vitro results illustrated that microbeads were influenced by the pH of test media, which might be suitable for intestinal drug delivery. The drug release mechanism was analyzed by fitting the release data into different kinetic equations and n values are obtained in the range of 0.609-0.640, suggesting that the developed microbeads showed the non-Fickian diffusion type drug release.
Conclusion: These results clearly illustrated that the developed KA intercalated polymeric microbeads are potential drug carriers for the controlled release of CUR.
FABRICATION OF NANO CLAY INTERCALATED POLYMERIC MICROBEADS FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE OF CURCUMIN
Authors: PALLERLA DHARMENDER , BANOTH SUMAN , JYOTHI SUNKARI 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate the Curcumin (CUR) encapsulated sodium alginate (SA)/badam gum (BG)/kaolin (KA) microbeads for controlled drug release studies.
Methods: The fabricated microbeads were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (X-RD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dynamic swelling studies and in vitro release kinetics were performed in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) and simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) at 37 °C.
Results: FTIR confirms the formation of microbeads. DSC studies confirm the polymorphism of CUR in drug loaded microbeads which indicate the molecular level dispersion of the drug in the microbeads. SEM studies confirmed the microbeads are spherical in shape with wrinkled and rough surfaces. XRD studies reveal the molecular dispersion of CUR and the presence of KA in the developed microbeads. In vitro release studies and swelling studies depend on the pH of test media, which might be suitable for intestinal drug delivery. The % of drug release values fit into the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation and n values are obtained in the range of 0.577-0.664, which indicates that the developed microbeads follow the non-Fickian diffusion drug release mechanism.
Conclusion: The results concluded that the CUR encapsulated microbeads are potentially good carriers for controlled drug release studies.