bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Standardized Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. Extract
and Determination of its Biological Activities
Authors: Kaji Mafusol , Puttarak Panupong 
Published: September 2021

Aim:
The development of a suitable standardized Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. extract
is an active ingredient in healthcare products.

Background:
C. cinereum is the herbal tea specified in the Thai National List of Essential (herbal)
Medicines (NLEM) as the most efficacious tea for smoking cessation. However, herbal tea is inconvenient,
and no standardized C. cinereum extraction method was known.

Objectives:
The study aims to develop a standardized C. cinereum extract preparation method and
determine its biological activities.

Methods:
Various extraction and fractionation methods were performed in order to optimize a suitable
standardized extract. The extraction yield, biological activities, and biomarkers (apigenin and
luteolin) of the HPLC method were used to select the most suitable extraction method.

Results:
The results showed that the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method with 75%
EtOH was the most suitable method. The MAE method obtained apigenin and luteolin at
0.320±0.029 and 0.487±0.012 mg/g, respectively. MAE showed good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
(DPPH and FRAP assay) activities. Subsequently, the MAE extract was fractionated by
the Diaion® HP-20 column in order to obtain the most suitable standardized extract. The 50% plus
75% EtOH fractions showed high apigenin (91.20±1.23 mg/g) and luteolin (167.00±0.49 mg/g)
contents and exerted potent bioactivities. The standardized C. cinereum extract presented high effectiveness
of NO inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 7.88±3.56 μg/mL, and also exerted DPPH
scavenging efficacy with an IC50 value of 8.88±0.17 μg/mL and quercetin equivalent at
137.50±2.20 mg/g by FRAP assay.

Conclusion :
This study succeeded in developing a high-yield extraction method of standardized C.
cinereum extract, with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, suitable for various purposes.
Multifaceted Asylum Triangle: Does Fragmentation of the Right to Asylum and the Non-Refoulement Rule Deters the Functioning of Equitable and Predictable Burden- and Responsibility-Sharing Mechanism on Refugees?
Authors: Zaalishvili Tamta 
Published: September 2021

The global refugee protection system is founded on two core values, assuring a safe and dignified life away from violent regimes and conflicts: the right to asylum and the non-refoulement rule. While there are no internationally agreed definitions for these concepts, their fragmentation affects the equitable and predictable burden- and responsibility-sharing, and subsequently, successful international cooperation in refugee matters.
By analysing the right to asylum in legal theory and examining its application in the jurisprudence of international human rights monitoring bodies, this article seeks to explore the complexity of heterogeneous approaches with regard to refugees. Furthermore, the impediments to the functioning of the current refugee protection regime is identified by analysing the complicated nature of its umbrella maxim - the non-refoulement rule. The article examines how the lack of clarity on the contents of the right to asylum and the non-refoulement rule causes different, sometimes contradictory, approaches regarding the corresponding international obligations of states. It further explores how the diversified understanding of these foundational principles makes it difficult to identify common protection needs and the responsibilities of states with regard to international cooperation and burden- and responsibility-sharing on refugee matters.
Eventually, the fragmentation of these core values threatens their unequivocal application and results in failing refugee protection regimes. Consequently, this article argues that a common understanding on the right to asylum and non-refoulement rule represents a condicio sine qua non for securing equitable and predictable burden- and responsibility-sharing mechanism in refugee matters.
Application of the biocenotic tree assessment method in the "Vila Mîndîc" park (Moldova) for the implementation of a conceptual land-use project – a case study
Authors: Ozimkowska Lidia , Wojtatowicz Jerzy 
Published: September 2021

The article presents the aplication of the biocenotic tree assessment method in the "Vila Mîndîc" park (Moldova). While conducting the inventory, preliminary design decisions were taken into account, which also influenced the determination of tree values. By extending the plant valorisation to the study of health, including safety for humans, the results were obtained to carry out the project. Particular areas were selected, which regardless of the conditions, must ensure safe stay; parts of the area where visiting the park is restricted and those where, due to high biocenotic values (including protection of animal breeding and nesting sites) communication routes and leisure areas are not planned. On the basis of the research, areas of exceptional importance for animals were identified and a conceptual land development project was carried out to accommodate human recreational needs.
Mild Adverse Events of Sputnik V Vaccine in Russia: Social Media Content Analysis of Telegram via Deep Learning
Authors: Jarynowski Andrzej , Semenov Alexander , Kamiński Mikołaj , Belik Vitaly 
Published: September 2021

Background
There is a limited amount of data on the safety profile of the COVID-19 vector vaccine Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V). Previous infodemiology studies showed that social media discourse could be analyzed to assess the most concerning adverse events (AE) caused by drugs.

Objective
We aimed to investigate mild AEs of Sputnik V based on a participatory trial conducted on Telegram in the Russian language. We compared AEs extracted from Telegram with other limited databases on Sputnik V and other COVID-19 vaccines. We explored symptom co-occurrence patterns and determined how counts of administered doses, age, gender, and sequence of shots could confound the reporting of AEs.

Methods
We collected a unique dataset consisting of 11,515 self-reported Sputnik V vaccine AEs posted on the Telegram group, and we utilized natural language processing methods to extract AEs. Specifically, we performed multilabel classifications using the deep neural language model Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) “DeepPavlov,” which was pretrained on a Russian language corpus and applied to the Telegram messages. The resulting area under the curve score was 0.991. We chose symptom classes that represented the following AEs: fever, pain, chills, fatigue, nausea/vomiting, headache, insomnia, lymph node enlargement, erythema, pruritus, swelling, and diarrhea.

Results
Telegram users complained mostly about pain (5461/11,515, 47.43%), fever (5363/11,515, 46.57%), fatigue (3862/11,515, 33.54%), and headache (2855/11,515, 24.79%). Women reported more AEs than men (1.2-fold, P<.001). In addition, there were more AEs from the first dose than from the second dose (1.1-fold, P<.001), and the number of AEs decreased with age (β=.05 per year, P<.001). The results also showed that Sputnik V AEs were more similar to other vector vaccines (132 units) than with messenger RNA vaccines (241 units) according to the average Euclidean distance between the vectors of AE frequencies. Elderly Telegram users reported significantly more (5.6-fold on average) systemic AEs than their peers, according to the results of the phase 3 clinical trials published in The Lancet. However, the AEs reported in Telegram posts were consistent (Pearson correlation r=0.94, P=.02) with those reported in the Argentinian postmarketing AE registry.

Conclusions
After the Sputnik V vaccination, Russian Telegram users reported mostly pain, fever, and fatigue. The Sputnik V AE profile was comparable with other vector COVID-19 vaccines. Discussion on social media could provide meaningful information about the AE profile of novel vaccines.
Topics and Sentiments of Public Concerns Regarding COVID-19 Vaccines: Social Media Trend Analysis
Authors: Monselise Michal , Chang Chia-Hsuan , Ferreira Gustavo , Yang Rita , Yang Christopher C 
Published: September 2021

Background
As a number of vaccines for COVID-19 are given emergency use authorization by local health agencies and are being administered in multiple countries, it is crucial to gain public trust in these vaccines to ensure herd immunity through vaccination. One way to gauge public sentiment regarding vaccines for the goal of increasing vaccination rates is by analyzing social media such as Twitter.

Objective
The goal of this research was to understand public sentiment toward COVID-19 vaccines by analyzing discussions about the vaccines on social media for a period of 60 days when the vaccines were started in the United States. Using the combination of topic detection and sentiment analysis, we identified different types of concerns regarding vaccines that were expressed by different groups of the public on social media.

Methods
To better understand public sentiment, we collected tweets for exactly 60 days starting from December 16, 2020 that contained hashtags or keywords related to COVID-19 vaccines. We detected and analyzed different topics of discussion of these tweets as well as their emotional content. Vaccine topics were identified by nonnegative matrix factorization, and emotional content was identified using the Valence Aware Dictionary and sEntiment Reasoner sentiment analysis library as well as by using sentence bidirectional encoder representations from transformer embeddings and comparing the embedding to different emotions using cosine similarity.

Results
After removing all duplicates and retweets, 7,948,886 tweets were collected during the 60-day time period. Topic modeling resulted in 50 topics; of those, we selected 12 topics with the highest volume of tweets for analysis. Administration and access to vaccines were some of the major concerns of the public. Additionally, we classified the tweets in each topic into 1 of the 5 emotions and found fear to be the leading emotion in the tweets, followed by joy.

Conclusions
This research focused not only on negative emotions that may have led to vaccine hesitancy but also on positive emotions toward the vaccine. By identifying both positive and negative emotions, we were able to identify the public's response to the vaccines overall and to news events related to the vaccines. These results are useful for developing plans for disseminating authoritative health information and for better communication to build understanding and trust.
Zidovudine Induced Pancytopenia: A Case Study
Authors: Simon K Santreena , Maria Serene , Tom Cyril 
Published: September 2021

Zidovudine is the oldest anti-retroviral agent that is in clinical use. It’s common adverse effects are headaches (42-62.5%), nausea (46-61%), anorexia (11-20%), vomiting (6-25%), anemia (1.1-29%), granulocytopenia (1.8-37%) and neutropenia (3%).
This study is to increase awareness of Zidovudine induced pancytopenia. This is an observational type of case report of a 40 year old man with known complaints of HIV on anti-retroviral therapy since 8 years who came with complaints of easy fatigability since 1 year which was aggravated since 1 week, epigastric discomfort, constipation since 2 weeks, chest pain retrosternal in position which was radiating to both upper limbs, sweating, palpitations, decreased appetite since 1 week and cough with expectoration.
He was given tablet ZLN (Zidovudine 300 mg + Lamivudine 150 mg + Nevirapine 200 mg) twice daily regularly for the past 8 years. His last CD4 count was 300 cell/mm3. He had pallor. His laboratory results were: hemoglobin (6.6 g/dL), TLC (2400/μL), platelets (18,000/μL), neutrophil (36%) and MCV (107.4fL). He was diagnosed with pancytopenia (dimorphic anemia + leucopenia + thrombocytopenia) and neuropathic pain.
It was confirmed to be Zidovudine induced pancytopenia by objective analysis and Naranjo score suggesting “probable” interpretation. Pancytopenia improved after withholding Zidovudine along with Oxcarbazepine. Suggestion was made to change his anti-retroviral regimen once his counts improve. Tenofovir + Lamivudine (or Emtricitabine) + Efavirenz is the preferred first line combination therapy according to latest WHO guidelines (2013 and 2015). In case Zidovudine is used in first line combination therapy (2009 WHO guidelines), physicians should monitor for its toxicity.
A clinical pharmacist can help in such situations by creating awareness among prescribers regarding latest WHO and other recommended guidelines, checking whether the prescriptions follow these guidelines and also by monitoring patients for toxicities.
Keywords: Zidovudine, Drug induced pancytopenia, Adverse drug reaction
Physicochemical, Druggable, ADMET Pharmacoinformatics and Therapeutic Potentials of Azadirachtin - a Prenol Lipid (Triterpenoid) from Seed Oil Extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss.
Authors: Loganathan T. , Barathinivas A. , Soorya C. , Balamurugan S. , Nagajothi T. G. , Ramya S. , Jayakumararaj R. 
Published: September 2021

Azadirachtin (AZA) is the most abundant bioactive secondary metabolite (BASM) in neem seed oil extract (NSOE) of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. AZA is localised in different parts of the plant (seeds, fruits, flowers, leaves, stem, bark and root) however, with varying degree of concentration. It has been documented that maximum concentration of AZA is present to the tune of 48000 μg g-1 in the seeds. It has been established that the environmental conditions determines the overall content and composition of BASM in different parts of the plant. Neem plant parts are most commonly used as therapeutic agents in remote villages in India for its ethnomedicinal therapeutic potentials; however, its physicochemical, druggable and pharmacological properties inadequately described. In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the physicochemical, druggable and pharmacological properties of Azadirachtin in NSOE of A. indica from ADMET perspectives.
Keywords: NEEM; Azadirachta indica; Azadirachtin; Pharmacoinformatics; ADMET; Drug-Likeness; Toxicology
Detergentes y Biodetergentes en la Biorremediación de Suelo: Inconsistencias y Evidencias
Authors: Saucedo-martínez Blanca Celeste , Márquez-Benavidez Liliana , Santoyo-Pizano Gustavo , Sánchez-Yáñez Juan Manuel 
Published: September 2021

La contaminación del suelo por hidrocarburos (HICOS) es uno de los graves problemas ambientales. Cuando los HICOS contaminan el suelo, afectan la relación carbono: nitrógeno, causan la inhibición de la vida microbiana y pérdida de fertilidad. Una alternativa es la biorremediación, pero la baja solubilidad y la absorción de los HICOS en el suelo dificulta la eliminación. Por ello, al inicio de la biorremediación es necesaria la bioestimulación con un detergente (DEGE) o biodetergente (BIODET) para solubilizar los HICOS. Sin embargo, algunas investigaciones señalan que estos detergentes actúan directamente en la eliminación de los HICOS, las evidencias señalan que el DEGE y BIODET solo permite la desorción de los HICOS para solubilizarlos, por la formación de micelas. Otros trabajos de biorremediación, aseguran que el tipo de DEGE y BIODET que utilizan solubiliza todos los HICOS de las mezclas contaminantes, pero de acuerdo a la composición del detergente, no pueden solubilizar toda la diversidad de HICOS.
Otras investigaciones afirman la síntesis “in situ” de BIODET por microorganismos inoculados en la bioaumentación de suelo impactado por HICOS, sin demostrarlo experimentalmente. El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar en la biorremediación de suelo contaminado por HICOS, la importancia de DEGE, BIODET y las inconsistencias generadas por su aplicación.
Pre-vaccination allergy testing with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines predicts tolerance
Authors: Stehlin Florian , Mahdi-Aljedani Rima , Canton Loris , Monzambani-Banderet Véronique , Miauton Alix , Girard Cedric , Kammermann Kevin , Meylan Sylvain , Ribi Camillo , Harr Thomas , Yerly Daniel , Muller Yannick 
Published: September 2021

Background: The newly developed mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines can provoke
anaphylaxis, possibly induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) contained in
the vaccine. The management of persons with a history of PEG allergy, or
with an allergic-like reaction after the first dose remains to be
defined. Methods: We studied two cohorts of individuals: one
pre-vaccination, the second post-vaccination. Skin testing was performed
with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Upon negative skin test, a two-step
(10%-90%) vaccination protocol was performed. Positive skin tests were
confirmed with basophil activation tests (BAT). Vaccine-sensitized
patients were offered a five-step induction protocol. Results: We
identified 187 patients with high-risk profiles for developing
anaphylaxis. In parallel, among 385’926 doses of vaccine, 87
allergic-like reactions were reported to our division for further
investigations: 18/87 (21%) were consistent with anaphylaxis, 78/87
(90%) were female, and 47/87 (54%) received the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine.
Vaccine skin tests were negative in 96% and 76% in the pre- and
post-vaccination cohorts, respectively. A two-step vaccination was
tolerated in 232/236 (98%) of individuals with negative tests. Four
individuals experienced acute asthma exacerbation during the two-step
challenge. Vaccine-positive skin tests were consistently confirmed by
BAT; CD63 and CD203c expression was selectively inhibited with
ibrutinib, suggesting an IgE-dependent mechanism. Finally, 13 sensitized
patients were successfully vaccinated with a five-step vaccination
protocol. Conclusion: A two-step 10%-90%-vaccination protocol can be
safely administered upon negative skin testing. Yet, it should be
delayed in individuals with poorly controlled asthma. Importantly, mRNA
vaccine sensitized individuals may receive a five-step vaccination
protocol.
Review of Graham White, Indigenous Empowerment through Co-management: Land Claims Boards, Wildlife Management, and Environmental Regulation (UBC Press: 2020)
Authors: Wright David 
Published: September 2021

Graham White’s recent book, entitled Indigenous Empowerment through Co-management: Land Claims Boards, Wildlife Management, and Environmental Regulation, is a balanced, accessible, and honest discussion of a very complex realm of Crown-Indigenous relations and institutions in Canada. The book is very well researched and clearly communicated by one of Canada’s leading experts on the topic. Co-management has been the subject of scholarly attention for many years in Canada; however, perspectives vary widely with respect to appropriateness and effectiveness. White’s book is a bold project that tackles the complexities, sensitivities, and diverse contexts head-on. It ought to be at the top of the reading list for all academics, practitioners, and government officials with an interest in modern treaties.
PENGARUH PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL, SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI, MOTIVASI KERJA DAN KAPASITAS SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN
Authors: Patraini Friska Septriyanda , Dewi Fajar Gustiawaty , Sukmasari Dewi 
Published: September 2021

Layoffs carried out by construction companies are caused by the weak performance of employees working at the company. Apart from being based on labor issues, layoffs are also influenced by internal problems in construction service companies. Given this phenomenon, it is necessary to conduct research on the performance of construction company employees. In order to improve employee performance, internal control is needed that can reduce the occurrence of actions that are not in accordance with the rules. Where good internal control is shown by an efficient and effective accounting information system, especially in presenting information in accordance with the needs of management and other parties who need it. In addition, employee performance can also decrease, this is due to a decrease in work motivation in employees. Work motivation is also related to the capacity of human resources, so that employee performance must be supported by the capacity of competent human resources to provide optimal benefits.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, DAN TINGKAT HUTANG TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE
Authors: Rahmawati Desi , Nani Dhiona Ayu 
Published: September 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of profitability, firm size, and debt level on tax avoidance. The sample in this study are mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2016-2019 period. The sample in this study using purposive sampling method obtained a sample of 23 mining companies. Tests in this study using SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) analysis tools and data analysis in this study using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the profitability variable is negative on tax avoidance, company size has no effect on tax avoidance, while the level of debt has a negative and significant effect on tax avoidance. The variables of profitability, firm size, and debt level together have a significant effect on tax avoidance. Keywords: tax avoidance, profitability, firm size, debt level.
PENGARUH PERINGKAT OBLIGASI DAN KONFLIK BONDHOLDER-SHAREHOLDER TERHADAP PENERAPAN KONSERVATISME AKUNTANSI
Authors: Maharani Mailiza , Komalasari Agrianti , Komaruddin Komaruddin 
Published: September 2021

This research is a research using quantitative analysis that aims to know the influence of bond rating and bondholder-shareholder conflicts to accounting conservatism implementation in non finance and banking companies that listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2011-2018. The data which is used in this research is secondary data obtained from company’s annual report in Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). The samples of this research obtained by using purposive sampling method. Based on this criteria, obtained 33 companies as sample of this research. Analysis method which is used is the multiple regressions analysis. The result of this research indicate that bond rating and bondholder-shareholder conflict have no significant effect on accounting conservatism implementation.
Properties of coagulase-positive staphylococcal cells that make it difficult to diagnose and treat mastitis in cows
Authors: Grzeczka Arkadiusz , Niewitecki Wiesław 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Coagulase-positive staphylococci are a group of bacteria that, among other things, cause inflammation of the udder in cows (mastitis). The identification of the species of staphylococcus causing the inflammation is crucial for the success of the treatment process due to the individual characteristics of the strains and even the characteristics of the bacterial population in the herd. However, through evolution, staphylococci have developed a number of processes that make species identification difficult. Knowledge of the actual cause of inflammation enables the selection of appropriate therapy, but despite advanced diagnostic techniques, erroneous results still occur. In this review, we present the current knowledge of mainly resistance mechanisms and how they affect the drug resistance of microorganisms. We also highlight the difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of bovine mastitis.