bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active Stabilization of Terahertz Semiconductor Dual‐Comb Laser Sources Employing a Phase Locking Technique
Authors: Zhao Yiran , Li Ziping , Zhou Kang , Liao Xiaoyu , Guan Wen , Wan Wenjian , Yang Sijia , Cao J. C. , Xu Dong , Barbieri Stefano , Li Hua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDual‐comb sources with equally spaced and low phase noise frequency lines are of great importance for high resolution spectroscopy and metrology. In the terahertz frequency range, electrically pumped semiconductor quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are suitable candidates for frequency comb and dual‐comb operation. Although free running terahertz QCLs can be operated as frequency combs and dual‐comb sources, the phase noise originated from the carrier frequency and repetition rate instabilities are relatively high, which hinders the high precision applications. The locking techniques that have been used for a single laser comb can be, in principle, applied to a dual‐comb laser source. However, the complete locking of dual‐comb lines considerably complicates the implementation of such a system. Here, a method is proposed to stabilize a terahertz QCL dual‐comb source by phase locking one dual‐comb line. Although only one dual‐comb line is locked, it is shown that the phase noise of other dual‐comb lines close to the phase locked line is significantly reduced. Finally, it is demonstrated that the terahertz QCL comb without a control of the repetition rate can produce pulsed‐type waveforms. The demonstrated approach provides a convenient method to actively stabilize terahertz dual‐comb laser sources, which can be further utilized for fast gas sensing and spectroscopy.
When waiting pays off: The impact of delayed goal failure on self‐perception and self‐regulation
Authors: Kliamenakis Argiro , Sobol Kamila 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConsumers are often exposed to recurrent temptations that might threaten the achievement of their long‐term goals (e.g., savings, diet), and while they might initially resist the temptation, they may find that with the passage of time, they eventually indulge in the goal‐conflicting act. In such instances, does the ultimate goal failure undermine consumers' perceptions of self‐control, or does the mere act of delaying the goal transgression serve to buffer against negative self‐views? In the current research, we term delayed goal failure the sequence of events whereby a consumer initially resists a goal‐conflicting temptation, but upon subsequent exposure to the same temptation, follows through with the goal transgression. Our findings show that delayed (vs. immediate) goal failure allows consumers to maintain positive perceptions of self‐control, particularly when the cause of failure is unspecified (i.e., open to interpretation), allowing consumers to interpret their ultimate decision as thought‐through and justified. Finally, our findings reveal a positive downstream effect of delayed (vs. immediate) goal failure on subsequent self‐regulation, and identify positive perceptions of self‐control as the underlying driver of this effect.
Efficiently compressing 3D medical images for teleinterventions via CNNs and anisotropic diffusion
Authors: Luu Ha Manh , van Walsum Theo , Franklin Daniel , Pham Phuong Cam , Vu Luu Dang , Moelker Adriaan , Staring Marius , VanHoang Xiem , Niessen Wiro , Trung Nguyen Linh 
Published: March 2021

PurposeEfficient compression of images while preserving image quality has the potential to be a major enabler of effective remote clinical diagnosis and treatment, since poor Internet connection conditions are often the primary constraint in such services. This paper presents a framework for organ‐specific image compression for teleinterventions based on a deep learning approach and anisotropic diffusion filter.MethodsThe proposed method, deep learning and anisotropic diffusion (DLAD), uses a convolutional neural network architecture to extract a probability map for the organ of interest; this probability map guides an anisotropic diffusion filter that smooths the image except at the location of the organ of interest. Subsequently, a compression method, such as BZ2 and HEVC‐visually lossless, is applied to compress the image. We demonstrate the proposed method on three‐dimensional (3D) CT images acquired for radio frequency ablation (RFA) of liver lesions. We quantitatively evaluate the proposed method on 151 CT images using peak‐signal‐to‐noise ratio (), structural similarity (), and compression ratio () metrics. Finally, we compare the assessments of two radiologists on the liver lesion detection and the liver lesion center annotation using 33 sets of the original images and the compressed images.ResultsThe results show that the method can significantly improve of most well‐known compression methods. DLAD combined with HEVC‐visually lossless achieves the highest average of 6.45, which is 36% higher than that of the original HEVC and outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art lossless medical image compression methods. The means of and are 70 dB and 0.95, respectively. In addition, the compression effects do not statistically significantly affect the assessments of the radiologists on the liver lesion detection and the lesion center annotation.ConclusionsWe thus conclude that the method has a high potential to be applied in teleintervention applications.
Respiratory morbidity in very low birth weight infants through childhood and adolescence
Authors: Littner Yoav , Volinsky Chen , Kuint Jacob , Yekutiel Naama , Borenstein‐Levin Liron , Dinur Gil , Hochwald Ori , Kugelman Amir 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the long‐term (up to 18 years of age) respiratory outcomes of children and adolescents born at very low birth weight (VLBW; ≤1500 g) in comparison with that of children born >1500 g.MethodsAn observational, longitudinal, retrospective study comparing VLBW infants with matched controls, registered at a large health maintenance organization in Israel. Pulmonary outcomes collected anonymously from the electronic medical files included respiratory illness diagnoses, purchased medications for respiratory problems, office visits with either a pediatric pulmonologist or cardiologist and composite respiratory morbidity combining all these parameters.ResultsOur study included 5793 VLBW infants and 11,590 matched controls born between 1998 and 2012. The majority (99%) of VLBW infants were premature (born < 37 weeks' gestation), while 93% of controls were born at term. The composite respiratory morbidity was significantly higher in VLBW infants compared with controls in all age groups (relative risk [95% confidence interval]: 1 year: 1.22 [1.19–1.26], <2 years: 1.30 [1.27–1.34], 2–6 years: 1.29 [1.27–1.32], 6–12 years: 1.53 [1.47–1.59], 12–18 years: 1.46 [1.35–1.56]; respectively). Both VLBW infants and controls demonstrated a steady decline in the composite respiratory morbidity with aging. In VLBW infants, lower gestational age was associated with higher respiratory morbidity only until 2 years of age and the morbidity declined in each gestational age group until adolescence.ConclusionOur study confirmed a strong association between VLBW and pulmonary morbidity. The higher prevalence of respiratory composite morbidity in VLBW infants persists over the years until adolescence. The respiratory morbidity is most evident in the first year of life and declines afterward.
The trouble with STEAM and why we use it anyway
Authors: Mejias Sam , Thompson Naomi , Sedas Raul Mishael , Rosin Mark , Soep Elisabeth , Peppler Kylie , Roche Joseph , Wong Jen , Hurley Mairéad , Bell Philip , Bevan Bronwyn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs an emerging field of theory, research, and practice, STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) has received attention for its efforts to incorporate the arts into the rubric of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) learning. In particular, many informal educators have embraced it as an inclusive and authentic approach to engaging young people with STEM. Yet, as with many nascent fields, the conceptualization and usage of STEAM is somewhat ambivalent and weakly theorized. On the one hand, STEAM offers significant promise through its focus on multiple ways of knowing and new pathways to equitable learning. On the other hand, it is often deployed in theory, pedagogy, and practice in ambiguous or potentially problematic ways toward varying ends. This paper attempts to disentangle some of the key tensions and contradictions of the STEAM concept as currently operationalized in educational research, policy, and practice. We pay particular attention to the transformative learning potential supported by contexts where STEAM is conceptualized as both pedagogical and mutually instrumental. That is, neither STEM nor arts are privileged over the other, but both are equally in play. We link the possibilities suggested by this approach to emerging theories for understanding how designing for and surfacing epistemic practices linked to the relevant disciplines being integrated into STEAM programs may point the way toward resolving tensions in inter‐ and transdisciplinary learning approaches.
Elevated Glucosylsphingosine in Gaucher Disease induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Neurons Deregulates Lysosomal Compartment through Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1
Authors: Srikanth Manasa P. , Jones Jace W. , Kane Maureen , Awad Ola , Park Tea Soon , Zambidis Elias T. , Feldman Ricardo A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in GBA1, the gene that encodes lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Mild mutations in GBA1 cause type 1 non-neuronopathic GD, whereas severe mutations cause types 2 and 3 neuronopathic GD (nGD). GCase deficiency results in the accumulation of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph). GlcSph is formed by deacylation of GlcCer by the lysosomal enzyme acid ceramidase. Brains from patients with nGD have high levels of GlcSph, a lipid believed to play an important role in nGD, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. To identify these mechanisms, we used human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from nGD patients. We found that elevated levels of GlcSph activate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1), interfering with lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy, which were restored by incubation of nGD neurons with mTOR inhibitors. We also found that inhibition of acid ceramidase prevented both, mTOR hyperactivity and lysosomal dysfunction, suggesting that these alterations were caused by GlcSph accumulation in the mutant neurons. To directly determine whether GlcSph can cause mTOR hyperactivation, we incubated wild-type neurons with exogenous GlcSph. Remarkably, GlcSph treatment recapitulated the mTOR hyperactivation and lysosomal abnormalities in mutant neurons, which were prevented by coincubation of GlcSph with mTOR inhibitors. We conclude that elevated GlcSph activates an mTORC1-dependent pathogenic mechanism that is responsible for the lysosomal abnormalities of nGD neurons. We also identify acid ceramidase as essential to the pathogenesis of nGD, providing a new therapeutic target for treating GBA1-associated neurodegeneration.
Cellulose Acetate (CA) Membrane Tailored with Fe3O4@ZnO Core Shell Nanoparticles: Fabrication, Structural analysis and Its Adsorption Analysis
Authors: Sivasankari Selvam , Kalaivizhi Rajappan , Gowriboy Natesan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCellulose acetate polymer membrane was fabricated with Fe3O4@ZnO core‐shell nanoparticles through phase inversion technique to enhance the hydrophilic &antifouling properties. The morphology, crystallinity, porosity and surface area of the core shell nanoparticles incorporated membrane were examined using X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), High‐resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR‐SEM), High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) /Energy Dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) studies. The contact angle measurement and wettability test prove the improvement of the hydrophilicity of the membrane with the addition of nanocomposite materials. Adsorption test were performed with the of model dyes such as Congo red (Anionic dye) and Malachite Green (Cationic dye) were investigated using Ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy. The adsorption percentage against Congo Red (CR) and for Malachite green (MG) were found to be 93 % and 70 % respectively. Kinetic studies exhibits the rate of the reaction, for CR dye it shows R2=0.9471 and R2=0.8609 for MG dye, which obeys the pseudo first order reaction. In addition, the adsorption isotherm model as Langmuir shows that KI values are 0.00338(L/mg) and 0.0486(L/mg) respectively. Desorption studies exhibits the maximum desorption of dye for Congo red is 89 % and 83 % for Malachite Green.In a recyclability process, membrane material adsorbs 90 % of Congo red dye and 63 % of Malachite green dye.
Synthesis of Indolizines by Dimerization of N‐Propargylated Pyrroles via Allene Intermediates
Authors: Kuzu Burak , Gül Sergen , Tan Meltem , Menges Nurettin , Balci Metin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTen different N‐propargyl pyrrole derivatives having various substituents at the C‐2 position were synthesized. These derivatives were converted into indolizine derivatives by the [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of pyrrole N‐allene, forming in situ, by heating in PrOH in basic medium. The structures were characterized by NMR and X‐ray crystallography. The N‐propargylated derivatives smoothly underwent intermolecular cyclizations to produce indolizine derivatives in good yields. We proposed a radical mechanism for the dimerization. Reaction of an allene product with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a radical scavenger, did not give any dimerization product. This result supports the radical reaction.
Critical re‐evaluation of Limulidae uncovers limited Limulus diversity
Authors: Bicknell Russell D. C. , Błażejowski Błażej , Wings Oliver , Hitij Tomaž , Botton Mark L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHorseshoe crabs are archetypal marine chelicerates with an exceptionally long fossil record. Due to the historical nature of the genus Limulus, which extends back to Linnaeus’ descriptions, many horseshoe crab fossils were traditionally placed in Limulus and the family Limulidae. Despite continued research into the accurate placement of species within Limulidae, a systematic outline of characteristics that define limulid genera, specifically using exclusively dorsal characteristics, does not yet exist. However, such an approach is essential as appendage data is rarely preserved in fossil horseshoe crabs. Here we present a systematic review of Limulidae with a focus on dorsal features, and illustrate all accepted limulid species across the 12 genera. Through this descriptive lens, we consider the validity of supposed Limulus species outlined in a recent xiphosurid review. We find evidence for only one fossil Limulus species: Limulus coffini. This revision therefore excludes Limulus from Jurassic‐aged deposits. We refer ‘Limulus’ darwini from the Upper Jurassic (Upper Tithonian) of Poland to Crenatolimulus darwini comb. nov. and ‘Limulus’ woodwardi from the Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) of England to Mesolimulus woodwardi comb. nov. This highlights that the Limulus evolutionary record is highly constrained and started as recently as the Late Cretaceous. The rare Limulus fossil record emphasizes the current need for conservation of extant species and the importance of thoroughly scrutinizing the morphology of fossil specimens to uncover all facets of the limited limulid evolutionary record.
CuS‐Carrageenan Composite Grown from the Gel/Liquid Interface
Authors: Zouheir Morad , Le Trung‐Anh , Torop Janno , Nikiforow Kostiantyn , Khatib Muhammad , Zohar Orr , Haick Hossam , Huynh Tan‐Phat 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to highlight novel CuS‐carrageenan nanocomposites grown from the interface between sulfide solutions (liquid phases) and Cu‐ι‐carrageenan gels. Several parameters including pH, copper and carrageenan concentration of the hydrogel that influence the growth of the nanocomposite have been examined. The most effective parameter is the initial pH of the liquid phase, hence, three growing samples at pH 7, 10 and 13 were selected for further studies and referred as LPH7, LPH10 and LPH13. Three CuS‐carrageenan nanocomposites obtained from the three pH conditions were purified and examined in detail using several characterization techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The structure, composition, properties as well as the growth mechanism of the nanocomposite have been studied. Additionally, the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite was exploited to be used as a sensor of relative humidity and temperature.
A comparative study on the efficiency of various cathodes in reducing hexavalent chromium at low voltage
Authors: K. Boopathiraja , A. Vignesh , S. Sathish , G. Keerthiga , S. Samdavid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElectroreduction of Cr (VI) ions in effluents to its less toxic Cr (III) ions is a simple and efficient water treatment technique. The present study aims at using graphite as an anode to reduce the metal ion pollution that occurs due to the dissolution of the metal anode in electrochemical reduction. Also, the efficiency of aluminum, stainless steel, and copper plates as cathodes in removing chromium (VI) ions in aqueous potassium dichromate solution is compared in the low potential range. The effect of cathode surface area and solution pH on chromium removal efficiency has been studied. Stainless steel and copper are shown to have similar to no change in removal efficiency and higher than aluminum. The maximum removal efficiency of approximately 72% is obtained with the copper cathode (5.5 cm × 1 cm) and 6 volts in acidic pH. For the same voltage, with an increase in surface area, removal efficiency decreases due to a decrease in current density. The experimental data are fitted best with pseudo‐first‐order kinetics, indicating the potential flux limits the reduction rate in the lower range of current density. Thermodynamic studies concluded the feasibility, spontaneity, and endothermic nature of the electroreduction process.
Yang-Yang functions, monodromy and knot polynomials
Authors: Liu Peng , Ruan Wei-Dong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We derive a structure of ℤ[t, t−1]-module bundle from a family of Yang-Yang functions. For the fundamental representation of the complex simple Lie algebra of classical type, we give explicit wall-crossing formula and prove that the monodromy representation of the ℤ[t, t−1]-module bundle is equivalent to the braid group representation induced by the universal R-matrices of Uh(g). We show that two transformations induced on the fiber by the symmetry breaking deformation and respectively the rotation of two complex parameters commute with each other.
Stress-energy tensor correlators from the world-sheet
Authors: Bertle Hanno , Dei Andrea , Gaberdiel Matthias R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The large N limit of symmetric orbifold theories was recently argued to have an AdS/CFT dual world-sheet description in terms of an sl(2, ℝ) WZW model. In previous work the world-sheet state corresponding to the symmetric orbifold stress-energy tensor was identified. We calculate certain 2- and 3-point functions of the corresponding vertex operator on the world-sheet, and demonstrate that these amplitudes reproduce exactly what one expects from the dual symmetric orbifold perspective.
Generalized bases of finite groups
Authors: Sambale Benjamin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMotivated by recent results on the minimal base of a permutation group, we introduce a new local invariant attached to arbitrary finite groups. More precisely, a subset $$\Delta $$
Δ
of a finite group G is called a p-base (where p is a prime) if $$\langle \Delta \rangle $$

⟨
Δ
⟩

is a p-group and $$\mathrm {C}_G(\Delta )$$

C
G

(
Δ
)

is p-nilpotent. Building on results of Halasi–Maróti, we prove that p-solvable groups possess p-bases of size 3 for every prime p. For other prominent groups, we exhibit p-bases of size 2. In fact, we conjecture the existence of p-bases of size 2 for every finite group. Finally, the notion of p-bases is generalized to blocks and fusion systems.
Neuromechanical activation of triceps surae muscle remains altered at 3.5 years following open surgical repair of acute Achilles tendon rupture
Authors: Wenning Markus , Mauch Marlene , Heitner Albrecht , Lienhard Johannes , Ritzmann Ramona , Paul Jochen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess whether the neuromuscular activation pattern following Achilles tendon rupture and repair may contributes to the observable functional deficits in this severe and increasingly frequent injury.

Methods
In this study, the neuromuscular activation using surface EMG of n = 52 patients was assessed during a battery of functional performance tasks to assess potential alterations of muscular activation and recruitment. We analyzed the injured leg vs. the contralateral healthy leg at a mean of 3.5 years following open surgical repair. The testing battery included isokinetic strength testing, bipedal and single-legged heel-rise testing as well as gait analysis.

Results
During isokinetic testing, we observed a higher activation integral for all triceps surae muscles of the injured side during active dorsiflexion, e.g., eccentric loading on the injured leg, while concentric plantarflexion showed no significant difference. Dynamic heel-rise testing showed a higher activation in concentric and eccentric loading for all posterior muscles on the injured side (not significant); while static heel-rise for 10 sec. revealed a significantly higher activation. Further analysis of frequency of fast Fourier-transformed EMG revealed a significantly higher median frequency in the injured leg. Gait analysis revealed a higher pre-activation of the tibialis anterior before ground contact, while medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles of the injured leg showed a significantly higher activation during push-off phase.

Conclusions
The results of this study provide evidence on the neuromuscular changes 3.5 years following open surgical Achilles tendon repair. These complex neuromuscular changes are manifested to produce the maximum force output whilst protecting the previously injured tendon. The observed alterations may be related to an increased recruitment of type II muscle fibers which could make the muscles prone to fatigue.

Level of evidence
III.