bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating water availability into autumn phenological model improved China’s terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP) simulation
Authors: Peng Jie , Wu Chaoyang , Zhang Xiaoyang , Ju Weimin , Wang Xiaoyue , Lu Linlin , Liu Yibo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Ecosystem models provide an effective approach to quantify the terrestrial carbon cycle, but the lack of accurate phenological information prevents them from better simulations of the physical processes. Compared with spring phenology (i.e. the start of the growing season, SOS), the vegetation phenology in autumn (the end of the growing season, EOS) is not well-simulated and it is challenging to incorporate vegetation phenology into ecosystem models. The simulation of EOS based on temperature and photoperiod was widely accepted, such as Delpierre et al (2009 Agric. For. Meteorol.
149 938–48)’s model (DM), yet its accuracy has not been fully discussed at a regional scale. Here, we developed a regional autumn phenological model (DMS) with inputs of temperature, photoperiod, and water availability for China’s terrestrial ecosystems. The new DMS model significantly improved the representation of EOS in terms of the lower root mean square error (RMSE), higher model efficiency, and a higher percentage of significant correlation with the referenced EOS. We observed widespread delaying trends of EOS with an average rate of 0.1 d yr−1 for vegetated areas over 2001–2018. We further incorporated the improved EOS into the boreal ecosystem productivity simulator (BEPS) and found that the phenology-modified BEPS model had better performances in predicting annual gross primary productivity (GPP) with ∼28% lower RMSE than the original model when testing against GPP measurements from flux tower sites. From 2001 to 2017, the interannual GPP simulated by the modified BEPS model showed an increasing trend with a rate of 6.0 g C m−2 yr−2. In conclusion, our study proves that water availability is of great significance for modeling autumn phenology, and the incorporation of phenological dates into an ecosystem model is helpful for productivity simulation.
Sustainable Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete with Carbon and Glass Fiber Addition And Its Economic and Environmental Significance
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Mehra Priyansha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConcrete is the most popular material in the construction sector and due to its popularity and use it has become the largest contributor to the environment also. This is primarily due to the fact that production of concrete consumes Portland cement which consumes high amount of energy and considerable CO2 emissions. It becomes mandatory to search for suitable alternatives of cement. Different kinds of industrial by-products, such as wood ash, solid waste incinerator bottom ash, solid waste incinerator fly ash, metakaolin, cement kiln dust, graphene oxide, agro-industrial by-products, electric arc furnace dust, and coal bottom ash, may to some extent replace cement and thereby reduce the environmental impact on the planet earth from the use of concrete as a construction material. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a flowable concrete mixture which has been given viscosity through adding up of different forms of admixtures that give the composite flexibility. Because of its extremely fluid nature, this concrete can be used in complicated situations as well as around parts of complex strengthening. SCC is an extremely flowable kind of material that does not need the same amount of mechanical vibration to be put as standard concrete. SCC is non-isolating concrete that moves with flexibility under the influence of gravity, with the adjunct of super-plasticizers and viscosity modifiers.
Assessing the Surface Water Quality of Ana Sagar Lake and its Bioremediation in Modified Constructed Wetland
Authors: Syed Zainab , Sonu Kumar , Dongre Aman , Sogani Monika 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The present study evaluates the potential of an integrated Constructed Wetland and Microbial Fuel Cell (CW-MFC) in removing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), nitrate and phosphate along with generating electricity from the polluted water of Ana Sagar Lake, Ajmer. Two vertical downward flow CW-MFCs have been investigated (with and without plant) in batch mode for a period of 12 months. The performance of CW-MFC with the plant (system A) was better than the CW-MFC without the plant (system B), both in terms of COD, TDS, nitrate and phosphate removal and electricity generation. Dracaena trifasciata plant species were used in this study. The maximum power density of 157 mW/m2, current density of 0.65 mA/m2, COD removal efficiency (72%), TDS reduction (74%), nitrate removal (69%) and phosphate removal (69%) were obtained with System A. The germination rate of Vigna radiata seeds was 100% with the effluent from system A. At the end of the experiment the FTIR analysis revealed the structural changes occurring on the CW-MFC media (sand) after removal of pollutants present in the lake water.
Condition Assessment of Induced Draught Cooling Towers Located In Different Climatic Regions of India
Authors: Anwar Rizwan , Reddy T V G , Mundra Sanjay , Ojha P N , Singh Brijesh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Induced Draft Cooling Towers (IDCT) are an important industrial structures, which removes the heat absorbed in the circulating cooling water systems of thermal power plants. The cooling tower in general comprises of RCC members’ viz. Column, Beam, Slab, Wall, Louvers, Fanstack Shell etc. The process of operation is itself an important factor which affects the durability of members of IDCTs, due to which the RCC members of IDCT are subjected to varying exposure condition, some members are continuous under water, some are partially submerged, some have alternate drying & wetting and some are completely dry. Due to different exposure conditions of RCC members of these structures generally shows very contrasting states of distress i.e. varying from apparently un-distressed to highly distressed state. Apart from process of operation of IDCTs, the other important factors that affect the durability of these RCC structures are presence of Chloride in water being cooled & Chloride in concrete present during the construction and carbonation due to aging of concrete. The RCC structures were assessed by various Non-Destructive evaluation techniques and deterioration mechanisms were established. The present paper highlights the findings of condition assessment studies of selected IDCTs located in different climatic regions of India.
A Study of Multi Criteria Decision Analysis of Accident data for Indian states
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , Jain J K , Kallaa Pawan , Kumar Parveen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Traffic accident is a great worry for traffic safety experts and city planners and authorities because it leads to serious and non-serious injuries, loss of human life and some material loss also. The major causes of traffic accidents has been due to interaction of person, motor vehicle, road and situation. It has been observed that in some states or cities or areas traffic accidents occur very frequently as compared to other states or places. By adopting Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques, the ranking of various Indian states is carried out based on 11 evaluative criteria. By considering these evaluative criteria, like the fatal accidents, grievous injury accidents, minor injury accidents, severity of road accidents, eleven traffic safety criteria are adopted. In the first stage of the model, these eleven criteria has been given weights as per Entropy Weight Method (EWM). In the second phase, ten Indian States have been ranked based on these eleven criteria by adopting Technique of Order Preference Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The attained results show which of the state is best ranked. Using these eleven criteria, the proposed model evaluates the road safety performance for a given set of 10 Indian states.
A Case Study of Pedestrian Facility at Rangpo Traffic Intersection (Sikkim)
Authors: Kiroung Sherpa Uden , Bomzon Upama , Sarkar Sajal 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The risk to pedestrians increases as vehicular traffic increases, especially in developing countries where pedestrian movement is not given much consideration in design considerations. In hilly areas, pedestrian facilities such as foot paths and foot over bridges are available, but pedestrian crossings are not available at most of the busy intersections. The lack of dedicated pedestrian crossings causes pedestrians to cross at random, disrupting traffic flow and increasing pedestrian danger. In this analysis, a busy unsignalized intersection is investigated. This is a three-arm intersection leading to Majhitar, Rorathang and Teesta. A detailed traffic study (traffic volume and vehicle types) and pedestrian volume data is collected for each am. The information gathered is evaluated, and recommendations for engineering design and planning elements of pedestrian facilities along roadways and at road crossings are made.
Kinetic studies on copper metal leaching from e-waste using organic acid
Authors: Prabhudev Ch. , Shree Lakshmi V. , Kavuri N.C. , Shaik Eennu A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Accumulation and disposal of e-waste is a problem that our society faces today. Metal recovery from e-waste is normally achieved by hydrometallurgy, which is a slow and hazardous process that has a negative environmental effect and high operating costs. In this study bioleaching of e-waste was performed in a batch reactor using acetic acid. The most common metals found in e-waste are copper and silver. The kinetics of the reaction between e-waste dissolved in acetic acid was studied and it was determined to be a first-order reaction with a regression coefficient of 0.99.
Comparative Study On Effect Of Various FRP Wrappings With Varying Patterns On Load Bearing Capacity Of Confined Concrete Columns
Authors: Nikhil Kumar P. , Achyutha Kumar Reddy M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Retrofitting of concrete structures has become an alarming need considering the hazards to which they are exposed these days. The age of the structure is directly proportional to the vulnerability towards damage and this calls for immediate care to be taken. Strengthening of key structural members like columns is one of the methods which can affect the overall strength on a large scale. Among the various retrofitting and strengthening methods available, Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapping is considered to be easily workable and also affects the structural integrity on a very minimal scale. In this experimental study, RCC columns are wrapped using Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) and Polypropylene fiber reinforced polymer (PFRP) with varying configurations of wrapping to check their efficiency in improving the load carrying capacity and deflection under the application of axial load. The fibre fabric employed in this study is bidirectional. It has been concluded that the concrete columns wrapped with CFRP have higher load bearing capacity and better resistance against deflection compared to other columns deployed using the remaining two fibres.
SWAT hydrological modelling for non-Himalayan catchment of Sone River in India
Authors: Krishnan Anish , Akhtar M.P. , Roy L.B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper reports a study on simulation of rainfall-runoff for the Sone river catchment extending from Bansagar to Indrapuri Barrage in India using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool over a period of three years (2011-2013) to assess basin water availability. The model includes a hydrologic model coupled with a simplified flow routing model. The study area is delineated using GIS tools with implementation of SWAT model using Arc-SWAT software. The river basin is sub-divided into smaller catchments. Each catchment is further divided into several hydrological response units (HRUs), based on similarity with respect to terrain slope, land use/land cover and soil characteristics. The developed model was calibrated and validated with observed data with certain statistical parameters. Observed data and model computed data were compared and found to be quite good in agreement. It is indicative of that the model is suitable with realistic assessment of its parameters in the study area (Sone River Basin) with certain known limitations. Accurate Sone River Discharge prediction through developed model with data for sufficient time span would lead to realistic assessment of water availability of Sone River at Indrapuri Barrage. That will ease the way to resolve the persisting impasse amongst three riparian co-basin states namely Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar within Indian Territory on the issue of Sone basin water share.
Geospatial approach to determine Soil bearing capacity of Nagpur city, Maharashtra India
Authors: Khan Farhan , Das Bhumika 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Geological Information System (GIS) is a technique which can make geotechnical investigation easy for engineering purpose. It helps the engineer to analyze the ground data before physical inspection of the site. The area of research is the Nagpur district of Maharashtra, India. The topographic sheet for Nagpur is 55K/16 and 55O/4 of 2010. The Major purpose of this research was to determine the bearing capacity map, Contour map, and total land cover/land use map for a different purpose. From the above map, it will be easier for engineers to decide the type of Foundation and the trend of development across the city. Earlier, there was no method to store bore log and soil data to the exact location of the borehole, but today with the help of the Geospatial technique, researchers can assign soil data with every borehole. Nowadays, urbanization is speedily taking place due to which proper utilization is necessary for land according to its strength and properties. In this research, the author wants to collect different satellite imageries of Nagpur city and bore logs comprising of geotechnical data. The predicted outcome should show the contour map, elevation map, changes in land use pattern, and bearing capacity across the city. These help the researcher and engineers who are working in the same area for future site selection.
Sustainable Strategies for Management of Protected Areas-case of Okhla Bird Sanctuary, Delhi
Authors: Garima  , Chandra Tarush 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) are the geographical regions recognized to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values (Keenleyside et al., 2012). The present scenario of majority of protected areas reflects the negative face of the development which leads to stress in ecological areas due to lack of management and monitoring. Urban growth and industrial development in Indian cities of Delhi and Gautambudh Nagar have an uncontrolled increase in built up areas. These activities ultimately have put an adverse impact on the ecology of Okhla Bird Sanctuary (Urfi, 2003). This study deals with recommending sustainable strategies based on Ecosystem Approach to prevent degradation of Protected area.
The Impact of Energy Internet Enterprise Construction on Power Grid Business Organization Mechanism
Authors: He Mingjun , Zhang Penghui , Liu Shuxiao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The construction of Energy Internet enterprises by power grid enterprises is a key decision for power grid enterprises to grasp the major strategic opportunities, and a key measure for power grid enterprises to deeply understand the internal and external strategic situation and continuously lead of the transformation and development of energy and power. As the core measure, the construction of operation mechanism of power grid business organization needs to clearly study and judge the external environmental factors’ new situation, new influence and new requirements faced by the construction of Energy Internet enterprises such as policies, market, technology, so as to deeply grasp the opportunities and challenges faced by the construction of Energy Internet enterprises.
Analysis on Formative Factors of New energy Industries Agglomeration at the Background of Digitalization-Evidence from Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Lingyu Li , Qing Wu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Based on the formative factors of the formation of new energy industry cluster in the Yangtze River Delta, this paper uses the location quotient and industrial agglomeration index to make a comprehensive regression analysis on the panel data of the Yangtze River Delta from 2010 to 2019, and concludes that local energy dependence, economic development level, scientific research investment and output level are the main driving factors for the formation of new energy industry cluster in the Yangtze River Delta. Therefore, we should promote the formation of new energy industry cluster by improving the level of public service facilitation, relying on digital policy development, improving the technological innovation system, accurately positioning energy dependence and demands, as well as increasing the proportion of return on investment.
Analysis on the uncertainty factors of pumped storage power station construction investment under the Chinese characteristic power market environment
Authors: Zhang Yushan , Dai Yingge 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Pumped storage power stations provide security and support for the new power system with new energy as the main body. Pumped storage power stations are encouraged to participate in the spot electricity market and form electricity price in a competitive way. Based on the identification of the uncertain factors and the calculation of price fluctuation of the pumped storage power station participating in the electric power spot market with Chinese characteristics in the electric power market environment, this paper adopts the sensitivity analysis method to analyze the impact of the change rate of the price spread on the internal rate of return on capital of the pumped storage power station in the trading day, and draws the following conclusions according to the calculation examples:When the sensitivity coefficient is positive, the extraction spread is greater than the benchmark extraction spread by 25%, and with the increase of the extraction spread, the internal rate of return is greater.
Correlation Analysis of Runoff-Electricity Price-Load in Cascade Hydropower Spot Market
Authors: Yanmei Zhu , Shuai Zhang , Jinlong Wang , Weibin Huang , Shijun Chen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Runoff, electricity price, and load are the main random variables in the cascade hydropower spot market. The inter-influence, intertwining and coupling relationship among the three increase the difficulty of power market operation. For this reason, this study first used the system dynamics method to draw the causal circuit diagram of the correlation between power station runoff, discharge price and full network load in the spot market, revealed the correlation mechanism of the three, and analyzed the correlation between the three based on the actual data of the spot market. The results show that there is a significant correlation between the three variables. The price of clearing electricity is positively correlated with the load of the whole network, the correlation coefficient is as high as 0.5238, and the price of clearing electricity is negatively correlated with the reservoir runoff, showing a certain degree of complementarity.
Effect of Die Design parameters on materials processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing
Authors: Gupta Bhuwan , Kapoor Arshit , Singhal Abhishek , Mohan Agarwal Krishna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Equal Channel Angular Pressing technique is used for grain refinement in bulk materials, where the material is passed through the die in which the two channels intersect at some angle, that result in finer grains. There are number of die design parameters which affects the production of ultra-fine grains. This paper presents the effect of die design parameters such as channel angle, corner angle, several passes and route followed for processing of the material for grain refinement. The results of different parameters are compared, and it was observed that the optimum values for producing maximum shear strain is for channel angle 90° and it reduces with the increase in channel angle. About 20° corner angles is found to suitable for filling the corner gap, around 4 to 6 passes, and route Bc leads to the ultrafine grained structure of homogeneous equiaxed grains separated by high angle grain boundaries in the materials. The sample of Al-TiO2 was prepared and its microstructure and mechanical properties were tested after equal channel angular pressing.
Prognostics and health management of induction motor by supervised learning classifiers
Authors: Jigyasu R , Shrivastava V , Singh S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Current occasions are tied in with being modern and bringing down the expense of working the framework. Albeit the underlying interest in the framework can’t be changed, which is fixed, the methodology is to bring down the expense of activity of the machine with the goal that the support cost is limited since the chance of disappointment will be lower. The machine might be in a distant area where physically checking the status or performing upkeep won’t be effective. Accordingly, to improve execution and increment plant profitability, predictive support can be planned in such a way that numerous machines can be overhauled simultaneously. What’s more, this will expand the general uptime of the plant all in all. For most machines, condition monitoring is a custom-fitted way to deal with predictive support. Also, late patterns show that AI is the quickest and most proficient approach to accomplish the ideal answer for this issue. In this work, predictive maintenance is done for two major occurring faults broker rotor bar and bearing faults. Time-domain analysis has been used to develop hundred feature vectors, which are utilized for training, testing, and validation. The best suitable classifier model to predict faults is developed after comparison of Artificial Neural Network, Ensemble, and Decision Tree smart classifiers based on model accuracy. Out of these, the maximum accuracy is obtained by Artificial Neural Network.
An investigation into Parametric Modelling and FDM based Rapid Prototyping of Lumbar Spine
Authors: Manikandan H , Ojha S Anjani Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Low back pain is the acute problem faced by workforce in the world today. Four out of five adults experience significant low back pain sometimes during their life. Mostly, low back pain problem can only be solved by operations. Each time doctors carrying out operations need to study the patient spine. The objective of the present work is to generate parametric model of lumbar spine using event driven programming approach of Visual Basic 6.0 and CATIA V5 R10. In parametric modelling, the features are parameterized by giving them meaningful labels and relationships between parameters in the entire model rather than giving only fixed numeric values. The output of the developed model is compared with the specimen samples of lumbar spine. Additive manufacturing using FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) is used for 3D printing the spine model. Thus, the present work will give an insight into additive manufacturing of patient specific model and analyze the outcome before the clinical procedures.