bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly efficient top-down processed blue InGaN nanoscale light-emitting diodes
Authors: Lee Changhee , Sheen Mihyang , Ko Yunhyuk , Kim Dong-uk , Kim Jongil , Byun Jinho , Yeon Ki Young , Kim Do hyung , Jung Jungwoon , Choi Jinyoung , Kim Ran , Yoo Jewon , Kim Inpyo , Joo Chanwoo , Hong Nami , Lee Joohee , Jeon Sang Ho , Oh Sang Ho , Lee Jaekwang , Ahn Nari 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Demands for high-performance displays with high pixel density and picture quality are ever increasing. Indium gallium nitride (InGaN)-based micro-LEDs (μLEDs) are suitable for meeting such demands owing to their high efficiency, brightness, and stability. However, the poor yield of the pick-and-place technique, defect repair, and visibility of edge lines between modules limit the applications of μLEDs. Furthermore, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) decreases (<10%) when μLED size is reduced to less than 10 μm for high pixel densities, thereby limiting the luminance. Here, we demonstrate a top-down-processed blue InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum well (MQW) nanorod-LED (nLED) can be made highly efficient as well as become an enabling technology for reducing manufacturing cost of large-screen displays. A pixel array comprising of horizontally-aligned nLEDs between pixel electrodes can be cost-effectively fabricated by applying the dielectrophoretic force to the inkjet-printed nLEDs dispersed in ink solution. To overcome size-dependent EQE reduction problem, we studied the interaction between the GaN surface and the surface passivation layer via various analyses and found that minimizing the point defects created during the passivation process is crucial to manufacturing high-performance nanoscale LEDs. Notably, the sol–gel method is advantageous for the passivation because SiO2 nanoparticles are adsorbed on the GaN surface, thereby minimizing its atomic interactions. The fabricated nLEDs exhibited an EQE of 20.2±0.6%, the highest EQE value ever reported for the LED in the nanoscale. This work opens the way for manufacturing self-emissive nLED displays that can fully meet the industry requirements of high efficiency and brightness and low-power consumption, contributing to energy saving, carbon neutrality and mitigating climate crisis.
Numerical Investigation of Tool Parameters Influence on the Interlock Forming During Flat Clinching Process
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Han Shanling , Li Zhiyong , Li Yong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Tool parameters play a vital role in the mechanical interlock formation during the flat clinching process, to understand the influence of tool parameters on the interlock formation, the finite element software DEFORM-2D was used to build the numerical model of the flat clinching process, and the numerical model was verified by the experiment. The influences of the punch radius, punch fillet radius, and blank holder radius on the interlock formation of the clinched joint were investigated using the numerical model. Then, the relationship between the punch radius and blank holder radius was studied. The results showed that the interlock gradually increases with the increase of the blank holder radius, after that, the interlock begins to decrease. To maximize the interlock, the punch radius and the blank holder radius should be increased simultaneously. It can be concluded that the blank holder radius and the punch radius should keep in a linear relationship when designing the geometric dimensions of the flat clinch tools, which can promote the application of flat clinching process in car body manufacturing.
Cadmium Exposure Decreases Fasting Blood Glucose Levels and Exacerbates Type-2 Diabetes in a Mouse Model
Authors: Li Mengyang , Wang Shuai , Liu Xiuxiu , Sheng Zhijie , Li Bingyan , Li Jiafu , Zhang Jie , Zhang Zengli 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Although the effects of cadmium (Cd) on the development of diabetes have been extensively investigated, the relationship between Cd exposure and the severity of established diabetes is unclear. Herein, we investigate the effects of long-term exposure to Cd in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of type 2 diabetes and the underlying mechanism.
Methods
C57BL/6 Mice were divided into the following four groups: 1) control group; 2) Cd-exposed group; 3) diabetic group; 4) Cd-exposed diabetic group. Cd exposure was established by the administration of 155 ppm CdCl2 in drinking water. After 25 weeks of treatment, serum fasting glucose and insulin were measured. Meanwhile, the liver and pancreas specimens were sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin and eosin. Gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, lactate concentration and fibrosis in liver were evaluated.
Results
Clinical signs attributable to diabetes were more apparent in Cd-exposed diabetic mice. Interestingly, Cd exposure significantly decreased fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic group. We further demonstrated that the glycolysis related hepatic enzymes, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM-2) and lactic dehydrogenase A (LDHA) were both increased, while the gluconeogenesis related hepatic enzymes, phosphoenolpyruvate-1 (PCK-1) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) were both decreased in Cd exposed diabetic mice, indicating that Cd increased glycolysis and inhibited gluconeogenesis in diabetic model. Moreover, lactate accumulation was noted accompanied by the increased inflammation and fibrosis in the livers of diabetic mice following Cd exposure.
Conclusions
Cd exposure disturbed glucose metabolism and exacerbated diabetes, providing a biological relevance that DM patients are at greater risk when exposed to Cd.
Identification of Osteoporosis Using Ensemble Deep Learning Model with Panoramic Radiographs and Clinical Covariates
Authors: Sukegawa Shintaro , Fujimura Ai , Taguchi Akira , Yamamoto Norio , Kitamura Akira , Goto Ryosuke , Nakano Keisuke , Takabatake Kiyofumi , Kawai Hotaka , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Furuki Yoshihiko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Osteoporosis is becoming a global health issue due to increased life expectancy. However, it is difficult to detect in its early stages owing to a lack of discernible symptoms. Hence, screening for osteoporosis with widely used dental panoramic radiographs would be very cost-effective and useful. In this study, we investigate the use of deep learning to classify osteoporosis from dental panoramic radiographs. In addition, the effect of adding clinical covariate data to the radiographic images on the identification performance was assessed. For objective labeling, a dataset containing 778 images was collected from patients who underwent both skeletal-bone-mineral density measurement and dental panoramic radiography at a single general hospital between 2014 and 2020. Osteoporosis was assessed from the dental panoramic radiographs using convolutional neural network (CNN) models, including EfficientNet-b0, -b3, and -b7 and ResNet-18, -50, and -152. An ensemble model was also constructed with clinical covariates added to each CNN. The ensemble model exhibited improved performance on all metrics for all CNNs, especially accuracy and AUC. The results show that deep learning by CNN can accurately classify osteoporosis from dental panoramic radiographs. Furthermore, it was shown that the accuracy can be improved using an ensemble model with patient covariates.
Perceptions and Experiences of Inequity in The Provision and Utilization of Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Services in Tigray, Ethiopia: A Qualitative Exploratory Study
Authors: Wuneh Alem Desta , Bezabih Afework Mulugeta , Persson Lars Åke , Okwaraji Yemisrach Behailu , Medhanyie Araya Abrha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
In earlier studies, we could show that rural Ethiopian maternal health services were distributed pro-rich, while child immunization coverage was equitably distributed. Hence, this study aimed at exploring rural Ethiopian mothers’ and primary healthcare workers’ perceptions of inequities and their causes in the provision and utilization of maternal, newborn, and child health services.
Methods
The study was conducted from August to December 2019 in two rural districts in Tigray, Ethiopia. We performed 22 in-depth interviews and three focus group discussions with mothers who had given birth the last year before the survey. We also interviewed women’s development group leaders, health extension workers at health posts, and health workers at health centers. The final sample was determined based on the concept of saturation. The interviews and focus group discussions were audiotaped, transcribed, translated, coded, and analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results
Mothers perceived the provision and utilization of antenatal care, facility-based delivery, and care-seeking for sick children inequitably distributed, while immunization was seen as an equitable service. The inequity in providing and utilizing maternal and child health services was linked to the economy, distance, social and cultural norms, health systems, maternal age, and education. Poor implementation of the Government’s equity-oriented policies, such as community-based health insurance, was perceived to result in health inequities.
Conclusions
Mothers and primary health care providers in rural Ethiopia indicated weaknesses in delivering equitable services and reasons for inequitable utilization. The narratives could inform efforts to provide universal health coverage for mothers, newborns, and children. These problems require multisectoral actions to address the identified sources of inequities.
Chemical and Functional Separation of Pro- and Antiangiogenic Components of Danhong Injection in Ischemic or Tumor Vascular Models
Authors: He Shuang , Chen Rongrong , Peng Li , Jiang Zhenzuo , Liu Haixin , Chen Zihao , Zhao Tiechan , Orgah John , Ren Jie , Zhang Peng , Wang Yuefei , Gao Xiumei , Zhu Yan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: We aimed to investigate the chemical basis and mechanism of angiogenesis regulation by a multicomponent Chinese medicine Danhong injection (DHI). Methods: A chemical fraction library of DHI was screened and validated for angiogenesis activities by tube formation and migration assays. Mouse ischemic and tumor vascular models were used to verify the angiogenesis effects in vivo. Migration ability of the main monomers of proangiogenic component (PAC) and antiangiogenic component (AAC) in EA.hy926 cells were determined by migration assay. qPCR analyses were performed to access whether the main monomers of PAC or AAC could affect the expression of angiogenesis-related genes in ECs. Western blotting was used to verify the main monomers PAC and AAC effects on CXCR4 protein expression. Results: Two chemically-distinct fractions, including promotion and inhibition of angiogenesis, were identified in DHI. PAC enhanced angiogenesis and improved recovery of ischemic limb perfusion while AAC reduced Lewis lung tumor growth in vivo in VEGFR-2-Luc mice. CA and RA upregulated the expression of TSP1 and downregulated the expression of KDR and PECAM genes. CXCR4 expression was significantly decreased by CA and RA, but increased by PAI, consistent with their differential effects on EC migration. Conclusion: DHI is capable of bi-directional regulation of angiogenesis in a disease-specific manner. The proangiogenesis activity of DHI promotes ischemic vascular injury repair, whereas the anti-angiogenesis activity inhibits tumor growth. The best pro- and anti-angiogenesis activities are composed of unique chemical combinations that differentially regulate angiogenesis-related gene network.
Formulating a Multi-Layered Framework for Automobile Architecture
Authors: Chandra Sushil 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Product architecture is defined as allocation of components to functions and their interfaces. But what makes this formulation insufficient for automobile architecture is their multi-layered allocation of components and the visual aspect of the architecture. This paper suggests, through an empirical study of two- wheeler models being manufactured by a prominent manufacturer, a multi-tiered framework along with a visual template for two- wheeler architecture which includes their visual schema as well. This paper investigates and demonstrates that this framework and template satisfy the requirements of product architecture by using examples from the domain of motorcycle design. Further, this paper investigates the utility of this framework for platforming strategy, innovation, adoption of new technology and standardization.
Implementing AIRM: A New AI Recruiting Model for the Saudi Arabia Labour Market
Authors: aleisa monirah Ali , Beloff Natalia , White Martin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Artificial intelligence is one of the most rapidly evolving technologies today, and it has been used in a variety of application domains. Recently, AI technology has shone in the field of recruiting. Many researchers are working on expanding its capabilities with various applications that will aid in the recruitment process. However, importantly, having an open labour market without a cohesive data centre makes it difficult to monitor, integrate, analyse, and build an evaluation matrix that helps reach the best match of a job candidate to a job vacancy. Moreover, previous research in this domain, where AI serves in the recruiting field, has focused solely on linear and non-linear models that, once trained, lack user preference personalisation. Furthermore, it was more focused on commercial applications than on government services. This paper implements the AIRM architecture and found impressive results by exploring AI and Natural Language Processing matching job candidates. We used a suitable data repository technique with three processing layers, each with a different appropriate model. First, the Initial Screening layer usesthe BIRCH clustering algorithm. The Mapping layer then performs an approximate nearest neighbour search using a Sentence transformer and ranking with a Facebook AI Similarity Search Finally, the Preferences layer takes the user's preferences as a list and sorts the results using a pretrained Cross-Encoders model that considers the weight of the more important words. We completed the implementation of AIRM and obtained some promising results. We discovered that when at least one expert agrees with the system's choice, the AIRM achieves an overall matching accuracy of 82%. In the time performance test, AIRM outperforms human performance in terms of task execution time. It completed the task in 2.4 minutes, but humans took more than three days on average, which is essential when pre-selecting a set of candidates and positions. AIRM will empower the Saudi government's immediate and strategic decisions by gaining comprehensive insight into the labour market and speeding up the recruiting process.
Adaptive insertion of the hydrophobic anchor into poly(ethylene glycol) host for programmable surface functionalization
Authors: Zhang Shaohua , Li Wei , Luan Jiabin , Sun Jiawei , Wang Danni , Teora Serena , Wilson Daniela 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Covalent and non-covalent molecular binding represent two strategies to tailor surface properties and functions. However, the lack of responsiveness or the requirement of specific binding groups challenged the spatial-temporal control of surface functionalization. Here, we report the adaptive insertion of the hydrophobic anchor into poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) host as a new non-covalent binding strategy for surface functionalization. By using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as the hydrophobic anchor, hydrophilic charged and non-charged functional modules were spontaneously loaded onto the polymeric membrane in 2 minutes without the assistance of any catalysts and binding groups. The thermodynamically favorable insertion of hydrophobic anchors can be reversed by pulling the functional modules, enabling the programmable surface functionalization. We anticipate that the adaptive molecular recognition between hydrophobic anchor and PEG will challenge the hydrophilic understanding of PEG and enhance the progress in nanomedicine, advanced materials, and nanotechnology.
Age-Related Changes to Vestibular Heave and Pitch Perception and Associations with Postural Control
Authors: Gabriel Grace A , Harris Laurence R , Gnanasegaram Joshua J , Cushing Sharon L , Gordon Karen A , Haycock Bruce C , Campos Jennifer L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Falls are a common cause of injury in older adults (OAs), and age-related declines across the sensory systems are associated with an increased risk of falls. The vestibular system is particularly important for maintaining balance and supporting safe mobility, and aging has been associated with declines in vestibular end-organ functioning. However, few studies have examined potential age-related differences in vestibular perceptual sensitivities or their association with postural stability. Here we used an adaptive-staircase procedure to measure detection and discrimination thresholds in 19 healthy OAs and 18 healthy younger adults (YAs), by presenting participants with passive heave and pitch movements on a motion-platform in the dark. We also examined participants’ postural stability under various standing-balance conditions. Associations among these postural measures and vestibular perceptual thresholds were further examined. Ultimately, OAs showed larger heave and pitch detection thresholds compared to YAs, and larger perceptual thresholds were associated with greater postural sway, but only in OAs. Overall, these results suggest that vestibular perceptual sensitivity declines with older age and that such declines are associated with poorer postural stability. Future studies could consider the potential applicability of these results in the development of screening tools for falls prevention in OAs.
The Utility of Real-Time Remote Auscultation Using an Internet-Connected Electronic Stethoscope: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Authors: Ito Takahiro , Hirosawa Takanobu , Harada Yukinori , Ikenoya Kohei , Kakimoto Shintaro , Shimizu Taro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the utility of real-time remote auscultation using the cardiopulmonary simulators.Methods: In this open-label, randomized controlled trial, the researchers randomly assigned general internal medicine doctors to the real-time remote auscultation group (intervention group) or the classical auscultation group (control group). In the training session, participants listened to five different lung sounds and five cardiac sounds in a previously determined order with the correct classification. In the test session, participants had to classify the five lung sounds and five cardiac sounds in random order. For both sessions, the intervention group auscultated at a distance of 220 m, with an Internet-connected electronic stethoscope while watching the auscultation places on the computer screen. The control group performed direct auscultation using a classical stethoscope. The primary outcome was the total test score.Results: Twenty participants were included in the study. The total test scores of lung auscultation in the intervention (86%) and control (90%) groups were not significantly different (P = .54). The total test score of cardiac auscultation in the control group (94%) was superior to that in the intervention group (72%, P < .05). Valvular diseases were not misclassified as normal sounds in real-time remote cardiac auscultation. Discussion and Conclusions: The utility of real-time remote lung auscultation using an Internet-connected electronic stethoscope was comparable to that of classical lung auscultation. Classical cardiac auscultation was superior to real-time remote cardiac auscultation. However, real-time remote cardiac auscultation is useful for classifying valvular diseases and normal sounds. Trial Registration: UMIN-CTR UMIN000043153; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000049259 The date of first registration:28/01/2021
Effect of chemotherapy and weight change on the gut microbiome of breast cancer patients during the first year of treatment
Authors: Wu Anna H , Vigen Cheryl , Tseng Chiuchen , Garcia Agustin A , Spicer Darcy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: The effects of chemotherapy and weight changes on the gut microbiome of breast cancer patients are not well understood.
Methods: We conducted a 1-year follow-up study of 33 breast cancer patients and investigated gut microbiome before initiation of chemotherapy and after completion of treatment. We compared alpha diversity and mean taxa abundance at baseline and absolute changes (Δ; final-baseline) in taxa abundance by treatment (16 neoadjuvant- neoADJ, 13 adjuvant- ADJ, 4 no chemotherapy-noC) using Wilcoxon rank sum and negative binomal tests and evalauted whether these changes were affected by weight changes during follow-up.

Results: Alpha diversity measures increased in the neoADJ (+16.4% in OTU p =0.03; +51.6% in Chao1 p =0.03; +7.0% in Shannon index P=0.02; +11.0% in PD whole tree p =0.09) but not in the non-neoADJ group (ADJ+noC). The difference in change in Chao1 index between groups was statistically significant ( p NEOADJ vs ADJ+noC =0.04). Wilcoxon p values of 0.03 to 0.003 were observed for five taxa: Bacteroidetes (g _Alistipes) , Firmicutes (g_Clostridium, g_Eubacterium, g_Bilophila) and Preteobacteria g_Haemophilus). In the negative binomial analysis, changes in abundance differed at Bonferroni-adjusted p values ≤0.0007 for four taxa: two Bacteroidetes taxa ( g_Alistipes, f _S247 ) and two Firmicutes taxa (g_Catenibacterium, g_Eubacterium ). The negative binomial results remained largely the same when we adjusted for weight changes.

Conclusions and Relevance: This pilot longitudinal study showed changes in alpha diversity measures and abundance of select taxa that appeared to differ by chemotherapy type. Further investigations are needed to confirm these findings and to assess the impact of these microbiome changes on patient outcome.
Microbiological Contamination and Food Hygiene Practices In old Restaurants In Nablus Governorate, Palestine
Authors: MENAWI WAFAA , Saeeri Nada Maher , Quzmar Maimona Jalal , Hijleeh Noor Baker Abu , Antar Hala Salah Alden , Soudi Zahra Ibrahim , Makhlouf Dana Rateb 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Personal hygiene is important in maintaining food quality and health safety, so the low level of personal hygiene causes contamination leading to food spoilage and the occurrence of sick cases for consumers.Objective: This study was conducted under the Corona pandemic to verify food safety in Nablus old restaurants, Palestine, in the year 2021.Research methodology: This study covered 32 restaurants and 160 employees randomly selected. Data collection began between April and June in 2021 using 160 questionnaires that included 20 questions were answered by workers in these restaurants.Results: Contamination with coliform bacteria was found in the restaurant samples with a percentage (42.5%), where the samples have taken from the tables having the highest contamination of this bacterium (50%). Furthermore, the data revealed that there was a relationship between coliform bacteria contamination and age, educational level, and food safety training, as the contamination being seen in the group that got the training, In contrast to those who didn't at the P-value <0.20.Conclusion: There was an association of bacterial contamination with age, especially among the younger group who were less concerned with hygiene and food safety practices compared to the elderly group. And it turns out that restaurant workers must be properly trained in food safety and monitored regularly.