bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The capacity of computed tomography in preoperative determination of surgery volume in kidney tumors
Authors: Shakeyev K. T. , Kabildina N. A. , ZHUMAKAEV A. M. , TOKSAMBAEVA A. S. , SURMIN S. V. , ELUBAYULY A. , NURALY Sh. S. , KOKIMOV A. A. 
Published: November 2021

Relevance: Computed tomography allows detecting small tumors. However, surgical tactics cannot always be determined
in advance.
The purpose of the research was to assess the capacity of computed tomography in the preoperative determination of
surgery volume in kidney tumors.
Results: 548 patients were treated for kidney neoplasms. They were divided into three groups by computed tomography
based on the R.E.N.A.L. scale: with a high risk of complications – 265 patients (48.4%), medium risk – 107 (19.5%), and low risk – 176 (32.1%). All operations were performed in the planned volume depending on the identified risk group for complications and resectability of kidney neoplasms; no changes to the plan of surgical interventions were made. The preoperative assessment of the kidney angioarchitectonics and the tumor relation to the pyelocaliceal system and the organ parenchyma helped determine the surgery volume and the possibility for organ-reserving interventions in 283 patients and radical nephrectomy in 265 patients.
Conclusion: Such a highly informative method as computed tomography made allows early detection of small-sized kidney tumors to provide an opportunity for organ-preserving surgery and improved treatment outcome
Laparoscopic cystectomy with lymphadenectomy and ileoconduitis creation: А case report
Authors: Kurmanov T. A. , Digay A. K. , Mugalbekov Sh. V. , Zhumagazin Zh. D. , Mukazhanov A. K. , Mustafinov D. D. 
Published: November 2021

Relevance: Radical cystectomy remains the «gold standard» of muscle-invasive and locally advanced bladder cancer treatment. The article describes the capacity and technique of laparoscopic cystoprostatectomy with lymphadenectomy and the creation of ileoconduitis in bladder cancer since the authors could not find publications on conducting laparoscopic cystoprostatectomy with the creation of an ileoconduitis in oncological and urological clinics in Kazakhstan by domestic specialists.
The purpose was to describe an attempt to reproduce the method of open radical cystectomy laparoscopically as accurately as possible.
Results: In the described case, the patient diagnosed with bladder cancer T2N0M0 IIst underwent surgery in the form of
laparoscopic cystectomy with lymphadenectomy and the creation of ileoconduitis. This method of surgical intervention is minimally invasive, less traumatic, and ensures quick recovery in the postoperative period.
Conclusion: Laparoscopic execution of radical cystectomy allows preserving the advantages of minimally invasive interventions without losing the reliability of the well-proven open surgery. Currently, the implementation of such minimally invasive surgical interventions is possible in many clinics in Kazakhstan, equipped with endoscopic video equipment, if there are specialists experienced in open surgery
Inserção da família nas Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais: uma revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Pereira Cleomar , Maia Ginia Kenia , Costa Elisangela , Pacheco Nando Marley , Zaqueu Lívia 
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre a inserção da família nas Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais (SRM). A pesquisa foi feita tendo como base o resumo dos trabalhos publicados no portal de periódicos da CAPES no período de 2015 a 2018. Como critério de busca utilizou-se os descritores “família”, “inclusão”, “atendimento educacional especializado” e “sala de recursos multifuncionais”. Os resultados indicaram que as pesquisas que tratam da família na perspectiva da educação inclusiva apontam para a importância do estreitamento da relação família-escola, no entanto não apresentam propostas mais práticas. As pesquisas apresentam o anseio por ações colaborativas entre os atores envolvidos no processo de inclusão. Constatou-se a escassez de trabalhos voltados para a participação da família nas rotinas do atendimento educacional especializado (AEE) nas Salas de Recursos.
Caracterização do processo de vinificação do vinho de mesa das cantinas de Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo
Authors: Paixão Marcus Vinicius Sandoval , Ferreira de Sousa Marcio Vinícius , Rezende Juliana Abreu , Santos Tiago Lopes dos , Monteiro Jéssica Folli , Ratunde Klaus Henrique 
Published: November 2021

Na região serrana do Espírito Santo a vitivinicultura é praticada desde 1875 pelos imigrantes italianos. Considerando a importância da vitivinicultura para Santa Teresa e a pouca disponibilidade de informações existentes sobre as tecnologias enológicas empregadas na elaboração do vinho, o presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de caracterizar o processo de produção do vinho de mesa nas cantinas de Santa Teresa. Oito foram selecionadas para participarem da pesquisa de campo. Os responsáveis pelas cantinas responderam a um questionário descritivo-quantitativo em entrevistas individuais, no qual foram caracterizadas todas as etapas de vinificação, bem como algumas perguntas sobre o cultivo e a colheita da uva. Ficou demonstrado na pesquisa que as técnicas enológicas utilizadas nas cantinas foram adequadas na maioria dos casos durante todas as etapas de elaboração dos vinhos, bem como no cultivo e na colheita das uvas. Algumas medidas para o aprimoramento da qualidade e produção poderão ser adotadas, como a aquisição de caixas de polietileno de 20 kg; a realização da segunda sulfitagem; a utilização de levedura selecionada e enzima; o uso de tanque de fermentação de polipropileno ou inox; a aquisição de garrafas padronizadas; a rotulação dos vinhos e a realização de análises físico-químicas e sensoriais nos vinhos.
Impactos de la racionalidad multicultural: conflictividad interétnica en el norte del Cauca
Authors: Trujillo Ospina Daniela 
Published: November 2021

En Colombia, la implementación y consolidación de una nueva mentalidad de gobierno en los noventa genera una nueva constitución y un engranaje institucional que posibilita la activación política del sujeto étnico y que permite ahora pensarse las luchas de estas comunidades a través del reconocimiento de unos derechos territoriales. Tal posibilidad étnica se ve envuelta en un juego de relaciones de poder y de disputas por la concepción del espacio público donde se asientan estas poblaciones. Así las cosas, el escenario rural se convierte en un espacio propenso para exacerbar el carácter de estos enfrentamientos, dada la complejidad de un contexto sumido por el conflicto armado, una presencia diferenciada de las entidades estatales y un marcado acaparamiento de tierras que cada vez más estrecha a estos pobladores y tensiona sus relaciones de convivencia.Palabras clave: Multiculturalismo, grupo étnico, conflictividad interétnica, norte del Cauca. ABSTRACTImpacts of multicultural rationality: inter-ethnic conflict in the North of CaucaImplementation and consideration of a new government mentality in the 90s generates a new constitution and institutional structure in Colombia, that enables political activation of the ethnic subject and that now allows people to think about recognition of the territorial rights in these kind of fights among these communities. This ethnic possibility is now involved in a relationship of power and dispute game for the conception of the public space where these populations are settled. So, given the complexity of the context immersed by an armed conflict, a differentiated presence of state entities and an increasingly land grabbing that constrict more these people and stresses the relations of coexistence, the rural scenario becomes prone to exacerbate the character of these confrontations.Key Words: Multiculturalism, ethnic group, interethnic conflict, North of Cauca
A Newly Discovered Fragment of the Early Irish Wisdom-Text Tecosca Cormaic in TCD MS 1298 (H. 2. 7)
Authors: Fomin Maxim 
Published: November 2021

In 1909, a century ago, ‘Instructions of Cormac’ were edited and translated by Kuno Meyer (Tecosca Cormaic. The Instructions of King Cormaic Mac Airt. RIA Todd Lecture Series 15, Dublin). Meyer provided a normalised Old Irish version of the text which he mainly based on the readings of 23 N 10 (RIA 967, hereinafter N¹) and 23 D 2 (RIA 132, hereinafter D) manuscripts. He admitted that while N¹ was “a careful and trustworthy copy on the whole”, D contained “both the most complete and by far the best copy of the Tecosca” (Meyer, opp. cit., ix).
However, a short fragment of initial part of Tecosca Cormaic that was not taken into account by Meyer is contained in H. 2. 7 (TCD 1298) manuscript. Starting immediately after the closing lines of Audacht Moraind, its opening two columns fill up lines 33–37 of the folio 420a – then the text continues on folio 421a–b in four columns and finishes off in the middle of 422a with the words ar is triasna techtaib sin do miditer rig ⁊ flaith ol cormac fri cairbre that correspond to the end of §6 according to Meyer’s edition.
This fragment contains one of the earliest and most intriguing versions of the text. It cannot be definitely assigned to any of Meyer’s recensions, however, on the basis of its linguistic features, the order of its sections and some additional material, contained only in N¹, N² and H. 2. 7 one can probably maintain that it was based on version which was also used as one of the sources for the compilation of N¹. In our talk, we will look at various paleographic features of the text, such as the treatment of OIr. mr-, unstressed -e-, absence of -a- glides, preservation of -n- after -l- later verbal formations, as well as at some orthographical and grammatical nuances, eg. archaic features, nasalised genitive constructions, distinction of final vowels -a, -o, -u, etc. and finally propose a revised stemma of various recensions of Tecosca Cormaic.
To Assess the KAP Study about HPV Vaccination among Women of Reproductive Age Group
Authors: Shivani G. , Rajalekshmi M. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Human papillomavirus vaccines prevent infection by certain types of human papillomavirus. HPV vaccine is recommended at age 11-12 years.
Objectives: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice about HPV vaccination among Women of reproductive age group.
Materials and Methods: This community based cross sectional study was conducted over a period of three months from January 2021- March 2021 at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department OPD at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. A total of 193 women who attended the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department were included as study participants. A pretested, semi-structured data tool was used. Descriptive variables were presented as proportions and frequencies. Chi-square test was used to ascertain the associations.
Results: About 55.9% of them had knowledge about HPV vaccination and 52.6% with the risk factors, signs and symptoms, and prevention of cervical carcinoma among the study population.
Conclusion: Advancement of health facilities, encouragement of service provider, sustainable health programs and creating awareness will support to achieve decrease in incidence of cervical cancer.
Solar Retinopathy: Case Report
Authors: Miguel Thiago Sande , Souto Ana Luiza Mansur , Rocha Fernanda Bekman Diniz Mitleg , Rossett Tais Cristina , Rocha Felipe Bekman Diniz Mitleg , Damasceno Eduardo de França , Costa Daniel Almeida da 
Published: November 2021

Aims: To describe a solar retinopathy.
Presentation of Case: ALPN, 29 years old, male, with cognitive deficit that started after a car accident that occurred at the age of 6 years, attends the ophthalmology clinic of the University Hospital Antônio Pedro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil with complaints of decreased visual acuity and metamorphopsia in both eyes (AO) started approximately 8 months ago. Family members reported that after the accident, the patient had the habit of spending mornings and afternoons looking at the sun.
Discussion: Solar retinopathy is caused by the photochemical and thermal effects of ultraviolet radiation on retinal cells, especially in the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Symptoms can start a few hours after direct observation of the sun, and in most cases a bilateral involvement, although asymmetrically with variable visual acuity.
Conclusions: A Solar retinopathy has a multifactorial origin, as it is related to the exposure time and the susceptibility of each individual. The use of hats and sunglasses with protection against ultraviolet rays and anti-reflection are effective preventive measures to be adopted if there is a need for exposure and observation of sunlight.
The USA National Phenology Network's Buffelgrass Green‐up Forecast map products
Authors: Gerst Katharine L. , Crimmins Theresa M. , Posthumus Erin , Marsh R. Lee , Switzer Jeff , Wallace Cynthia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris syn. Pennisetum ciliare) was introduced to Sonoran Desert in the early 20th century and has become widespread at low elevations. This perennial bunchgrass accumulates abundant biomass that can carry fires through ecosystems not adapted to fire, resulting in devastating impacts for native cacti and other plant and animal life.
Buffelgrass is most effectively managed through the application of herbicide when the grass is at least 50% green. Because the grass rapidly greens up following summer monsoon rainfall, it is possible to forecast green‐up using daily rainfall measurements.
In 2019, the USA National Phenology Network (USA‐NPN) released daily Buffelgrass Green‐up Forecast maps for the state of Arizona based on the PRISM 4 km daily total precipitation product. The daily digital Buffelgrass Green‐up Forecast maps are a freely available data product and meet the FAIR principles of findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability. They are permanently archived and publicly accessible as raster and image layers from the USA‐NPN website.
These map layers support planning the timing of management activities to maximize buffelgrass treatment efficacy and researchers seeking to incorporate daily estimates of buffelgrass greenness in their analyses.
Plant Waxes
Authors: von Wettstein‐Knowles Penny 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Waxes, found primarily in the cuticle of vascular plants, prevent uncontrolled water loss. They comprise a diverse mixture of aliphatics, triterpenoids, flavonoids and/or phenolic lipids, such as, alkylresorcinols. Aliphatic carbon skeletons are fatty acid synthase (FAS) products extended by fatty acid elongase (FAE) enzyme complexes and type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) to 20–34 carbons ± keto groups that serve as substrates for associated reductive, decarb and enoic pathways plus variants thereof. Study of
eceriferum
(
cer
) mutants, reverse genetic molecular approaches and biochemistry have led to increasingly detailed biosynthetic pathways in
Arabidopsis
and the
Gramineae
. Nevertheless, many enzymes remain unidentified. How many FAEs and type III PKSs are specific for wax, that is, not contributing to other pathways such as sphingolipid biosynthesis, is unknown. Our knowledge is rudimentary concerning regulation of biosynthesis or translocation of aliphatics during synthesis and thereafter from the endoplasmic reticulum into and onto the cuticle's aerial surface.

Key Concepts

Epidermal cells synthesise secondary metabolites called waxes localised in and on the cuticle surface, which protect against water loss.

Waxes include a very diverse collection of aliphatic compounds.

Waxes may also include other compounds with long carbon skeletons such as phenolic lipids, for example, alkylresorcinols, that function in defence against bacteria and fungi.

Primer substrates for waxes are synthesised by fatty acid synthase (FAS) in plastids.

FAS products are extended by fatty acid elongases (FAEs) and type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) to give skeletons with as many as 32 carbons.

Enzymes in associated pathways localised in the endoplasmic reticulum convert the long carbon skeletons into a broad range of compounds.

A handful of genes participating in biosynthesis of the waxes and their translocation within the epidermal cells have been cloned and characterised.

The
Cer‐cqu
gene cluster in barley encodes three enzymes in the β‐diketone synthase (DKS) polyketide pathway.

Some of the enzymes may also participate in the synthesis of related aliphatics found in cutin, suberin and sphingolipids, for example.
Degradation of Misfolded Secretory and Membrane Proteins and Associated Diseases
Authors: Kaufman Randal J , Popolo Laura 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Protein homeostasis is maintained through a balance among protein synthesis, folding, assembly and degradation. The latter is crucial also to prevent accumulation of misfolded products in the cell. The conjugation to ubiquitin marks proteins for degradation by the proteasome. Secretory and membrane proteins are monitored for proper folding and oligomerisation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In this compartment, defective proteins are recognised and targeted to the proteasome in a process called ER‐associated protein degradation or ERAD. A first step of retrotranslocation across the ER membrane to the cytosol is required. Ubiquitylation is carried out by ER enzymes and is also functionally intertwined with retrotranslocation. Malfunctioning of ERAD machinery or accumulation of folding‐defective proteins in the ER is associated with various human diseases ranging from neurodegenerative disorders to cancer. The design of drugs that meliorate ERAD or promote protein folding could provide new therapeutic strategies against these diseases.

Key Concepts

The ER is the organelle where secretory or membrane proteins are folded and assembled with the aid of chaperones and oxidoreductases before they exit the ER.

A quality control inside the ER monitors protein folding, and terminally misfolded or unassembled proteins are selectively recognised and targeted to ERAD.

Trimmed N‐glycans of terminally misfolded luminal glycoproteins are signals for recognition as a substrate for degradation.

ERAD substrates are sorted to different degradation pathways based on the location of the misfolded region and the topology of the protein.

ERAD involves several factors that are organised in modules and cooperate in the processes of substrate recognition, retrotranslocation, ubiquitylation and targeting of substrates to the proteasome where cleavage occurs.

The retrotranslocation of the substrates from the ER to the cytosol is mediated by still undefined channel proteins.

Retrotranslocated substrates are ubiquitylated on the cytosolic side of the ER by membrane‐associated E3 ubiquitin ligases.

In ERAD, ubiquitylation is dynamically interconnected with substrate extraction from the ER membrane, delivery to the proteasome, removal of the N‐glycan chains from glycosylated polypeptides and processing of the substrates for final disposal.

Malfunctioning of ERAD components or accumulation of misfolded substrates causes various human diseases.
Evolutionary Medicine
Authors: Dolgova Olga 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Evolutionary medicine is a fast‐growing research field providing biomedical scientists with evolutionary perspective for the comprehension of the human health and disease as a result of evolutionary processes, such as selective constraints, trade‐offs, conflicts between different systems within the same organism and mismatches between our modern lives and the environment where human beings evolve. The present human genome and phenotypes are essentially Palaeolithic: they are not adapted to the modern lifestyle, thus favouring the so‐called diseases of civilization. Molecular evolution has helped to revolutionise our understanding of cancer, of autoimmune disease, and of the origin, spread, and pathogenesis of emerging diseases, emotional disruptive behaviour and mental diseases, where it has revealed historical processes and suggested new therapies. An evolutionary perspective of medicine works as a comprehensive scaffolding for organising medical principles and ideas (as it does in biology in general) that otherwise would remain unconnected.

Key Concepts

Evolutionary medicine studies the dynamic consequences of natural selection acting on the human lineage and underlying human health and disease.

Originated from Darwinian Evolutionary Theory, Evolutionary medicine has undergone an exponential growth since the early 1990s providing a comprehensive framework, which places medical principles and ideas within evolutionary context.

The complex genetic diseases within evolutionary perspective can be explained by evolutionary conflicts, mismatches between genotypes and modern environment, trade‐offs as a result of evolutionary innovations and selective constraints.

Evolutionary perspective can provide us with therapeutic targets for exclusively human diseases, especially for diseases in which evolutionary mechanisms act over short time periods.

Evolutionary framework needs to be integrated into the precision medicine to complex pathologies, accounting for the life history of human populations.
Major Histocompatibility Complex: Human
Authors: Kaufman Jim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a large genetic region with hundreds of genes, among them the most polymorphic loci known in humans and other vertebrates. MHC genes are intensively studied because they influence so many important traits, including compatibility of transplants, autoimmunity, resistance to infectious diseases and reproduction.

Key Concepts

The human MHC (HLA) is a large genetic region with hundreds of genes, including the classical class I and class II MHC molecules that are responsible for tissue graft rejection.

Human classical class I and class II MHC molecules have hundreds of alleles, are well‐expressed across many tissues and present peptides to T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, while nonclassical MHC molecules (some of which are encoded outside of the MHC) lack one or more of these properties.

Human classical class I and class II MHC molecules are polymorphic due to a molecular arms race with pathogens, with MHC molecules selecting pathogens that no longer express the previously presented peptides, which then drives the appearance of new alleles of MHC molecules that bind the newly evolved pathogen peptides.

Human classical class I and class II MHC molecules play key roles in resistance to infectious disease, susceptibility to autoimmune disease, allergy and asthma, and in reproduction.

Human classical class I MHC molecules present peptides primarily derived from the cytoplasm and nucleus where viruses replicate, and are recognized by cytotoxic CD8‐bearing T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells.

Human classical class II MHC molecules present peptides primarily derived from intracellular vesicles and the extracellular space where many different kinds of pathogens are found, and are recognized by a variety of CD4‐bearing T cells with nuanced responses depending on the nature of the pathogen.

Human nonclassical MHC molecules (particularly class I molecules encoded outside of the MHC) have a wide variety of functions, only some of which are involved with immunity.

Not all genetic associations with the human MHC involve classical and nonclassical MHC genes, since other genes in the MHC have alleles which affect many biological functions.