bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of La-Ce on Microstructure and Properties of 30MnCrNiMo Alloy Steel
Authors: Zhang Mingyi , Gao Ping , Yang Jichun , Geng Wenyuan , Jia Xiaobin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The 30MnCrNiMo alloy steel was modified by La-Ce mixed rare earth. The experiment used metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum to analyze the improvement behavior of rare earth on the as-cast structure of the alloy steel, the structure after heat treatment, and the morphology of inclusions; a thermal dilatometer was used to analyze the phase transition point, and a reasonable heat treatment process was developed; the effect of rare earth on the mechanical properties of alloy steel at room temperature, low temperature impact and tensile was analyzed. The results show that the 30MnCrNiMo alloy steel modified by rare earth has better refinement of the as-cast grains and the grains after heat treatment, and the size, morphology and distribution of inclusions have been improved. The addition of rare earths improves the impact toughness, especially the low-temperature impact. Compared with alloy steel without rare earth, the toughness can be increased by up to 38%, and the alloy strength has been improved to a certain extent.
Research on Electrochemical Machining Technology of Deep Small Hole using Suction Electrode
Authors: Guorong Sun , Ying Yan , Jintong Dong , Ping Zhou 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of deep small hole machining for difficult-to-machine material, a suction electrode electrochemical machining method is used to solve the problems of slow electrolyte renewal and poor stability during the electrochemical machining of deep small holes. This paper mainly uses the multi-physics coupling software COMSOL to establish a multi-physics coupling model for the electrochemical machining of deep small holes with a suction electrode and simulates the forming process of the deep small hole and the distribution of the flow field and electric field during the machining process. This model verifies the feasibility of electrochemical machining technology of deep small holes using a suction electrode.
The Influence of the Density of CNT Arrays on Their Atomic Oxygen Erosion Effects
Authors: Li Man , Liu Yuming , Li Yu , Yu Qiang , Zhang Yongtai , Liu Chong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To investigate the characteristic of carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays with high resistance to the hazardous conditions of atomic oxygen in space environment, the erosion effects of atomic oxygen on CNT arrays with different density have been studied by atomic oxygen simulation equipment. To characterizing the change of the surface morphologies of CNT arrays before and after atomic oxygen exposition, A scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis method have been used. The SEM images shows that the morphologies of the surface of CNT arrays after atomic oxygen experiment are quite different from those before atomic oxygen experiment. The higher density CNT arrays are etched away more uniformly. The erosion yield of the CNT arrays with higher density is much less than that with lower density, which means that the CNT materials have different atomic oxygen erosion yield. The resistance ability of CNT materials to atomic oxygen is depending on their density.
Electrochemically Etched Superhydrophobic Surface on Aeronautic Steel with Anti-Icing, Self-Cleaning and Durability Property
Authors: Han Yuqi , Liu Ziai , Pan Weihao , Sun Jing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The superhydrophobic surface on 30Cr2NiWVA aeronautic steel is fabricated via electrochemical etching and FAS modification. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that, after electrochemically etching, the aeronautic surface is covered with rough coralloid-structure film. This surface demonstrates excellent corrosion protection, anti-icing and self-cleaning property. Additionally, this surface shows outstanding superhydrophobicity after anti-icing, self-cleaning test, and even after exposure to the air in the normal ambient environment for two years, proving the durability property of superhydrophobic aeronautic surface. The proposed method is simple and has great potential applications for large-scale applications in aircraft.
Formation Mechanism of Titanium Carbide in Titanium-bearing Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Guo Yaqin , Liang Duoqiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The formation of titanium carbide (TiC) may result in slag thickening, slag foaming and difficulty in separation between hot metal and slag etc during the blast furnace smelting process with Vanadic Titanomagnetite. Therefore, it is very important to understand and manage the formation of titanium carbide. The formation mechanism of titanium carbide during the reduction process of blast furnace slag - bearing titanium was studied with theoretical calculations and experiments. In the experiment, blast furnace slag - bearing titanium was subjected to 6 hours’ isothermal treatment at temperature range of I300°C-I550°Cin graphite crucible with Ar flow rate of 2L/min (1 atm). The reduced slag was characterized by mineralogical microscope and SEM-EDS detection methods. As a result, the formation of titanium carbide started at a temperature higher than I400°C.
In situ synthesis of metal oxide nanostructures on flexible SiO2 nanofibrous membrane for environmental application
Authors: Wang Hui , Dai Jin , Liu Yi-Tao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO), as a primary carcinogen, may cause severe health problems in light of its wide applications in the indoor decorations. Nowadays, catalytic oxidation proves to be the most promising method to remove HCHO. By virtue of its environment-friendly and cost-efficient advantages, manganese dioxide (MnO2) has attracted enormous attention in HCHO removal. In this work, flexible silica dioxide (SiO2) nanofibrous membrane (NFM) was fabricated by an electrospinning technique and MnO2 nanoparticle was successfully loaded on SiO2 (MnO2@SiO2) nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) through liquid phase synthesis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the material. MnO2@SiO2 NFMs exhibited great catalytic oxidation activity for HCHO. This research provides a simple and effective method for the development of transition metal oxides (TMOs) for HCHO degradation at room temperature and the composite MnO2@SiO2 material is expected to be used for air purification.
Preparation and NRR application of transition metal nanosheets on carbon nanofiber membranes
Authors: Huang Shengmei , Zhang Meng , Liu Yi-Tao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction (NRR) is a green and sustainable method of artificial nitrogen fixation, but it is still a serious challenge due to the lack of efficient and selective catalysts. In this paper, carbon nanofiber membranes (NFMs) were prepared by electrospinning technology as the skeleton structure of electrocatalytic materials, and Sn doped MoSe2 nanosheets on carbon NFMs (Sn doped MoSe2@C NFMs) were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal synthesis method. Compared with pure MoSe2@C NFMs, Sn doped MoSe2@C NFMs will create vacancies, increase the reactive sites of the NRR catalyst, and make Sn doped MoSe2@C NFMs have better ammonia yield (1.61 × 10−10 mol s1 cm−2) and Faraday efficiency (14.51%). This research provides a new idea for designing the structure design of NRR catalyst.
Effect of Order-Disorder Transition on Thermal Conductivity of Gd2Zr2O7 Ceramics
Authors: Ji Yarou , Shi Jinglin , Feng Hanghang , Wei Yitong , Qu Zhixue 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Rare earth zirconates have been considered as promising candidates for thermal barrier coatings, with extremely low thermal conductivity which is usually attributed to their unique pyrochlore/fluorite structure. In order to investigate the different influence of pyrochlore and fluorite structure on thermal conductivity, Gd2Zr2O7 ceramics with pyrochlore and fluorite structure were prepared separately by controlling the sintering temperature, and the thermal conductivities of the samples sintered at different temperatures were measured and investigated. The results show that the structure of Gd2Zr2O7 changes gradually from pyrochlore to fluorite as the sintering temperature increases from 1450°C to 1600°C, accompanying with a thermal conductivity decreasing first and then increasing. The minimum value of thermal conductivity appears on the sample with pyrochlore structure nearby the phase transition temperature range, rather than that with fluorite structure. Other than the transition of structure, structural distortion in the lattice approaching phase transition may lead to a distinct decrease of thermal conductivity.
Experimental and numerical study on debonding damage propagation of brazed titanium alloy honeycomb under fatigue load
Authors: Bai Ruixiang , Guo Zhenfei , Zou Jianchao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the fatigue damage propagation of honeycomb structures under three-point bending fatigue load is studied by experiment and numerical simulation. Firstly, the three-point bending fatigue experiment of honeycomb structure with prefabricated damage was carried out, and the length of interfacial debonding with loading cycle was studied. Then, the damage propagation model of honeycomb structure is established based on VCCT theory and Pairs formula. The results show that the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The numerical model was validated.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Insecticidal Activity of 2-(3-Bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-6,8-dichloro-3-methyl-2,3-dihydroquinazolm-4(1H)-one
Authors: Cong Yun-Bo , Jiang Ai-Zhong , Cheng Chun-Sheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The title compound 2-(3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-6,8- dichloro-3-methyl-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one (compound 10) was synthesized using 2,3-dichloropyridine as the starting material via nine-step procedures. Its structure was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The target compound 10 showed excellent insecticidal activity (100% mortality at 1ppm) against Plutella xylostella.
Analysis of bending stiffness of honeycomb sandwich structure filled with foam
Authors: Wei Changlong , Bai Ruixiang , Bai Heshan , Wang Tao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Based on the knowledge of material mechanics and elastic mechanics, the theoretical calculation formula of bending stiffness of honeycomb core filled with foamed rubber is derived in this paper. The rationality and feasibility of the theoretical formula are verified by finite element analysis of three-point bending model of honeycomb sandwich structure with or without foamed rubber. At the same time, the relative error between the bending stiffness value of finite element analysis and the theoretical value is controlled within 10%, which makes the calculation formula of theoretical value of filled foamed rubber honeycomb core have certain reference significance and application value.
Onlay-graft of 3D printed Kagome-structure PCL scaffold incorporated with rhBMP-2 based on hyaluronic acid hydrogel
Authors: Ku Jeong-Kui , Lee Kang-Gon , Ghim Min-Soo , Kim Young-Kyun , Park Sang-Hyug , Park Yongdoo , Cho Young-Sam , Lee Bu-Kyu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe onlay-graft, one of the most difficult graft conditions, is used for diverse clinical conditions, including plastic and dental surgery. The graft should withstand continuous pressure from overlying tissues and have excellent bone formation capability in a limited bone contact situation. We recently developed a 3D printed Kagome-structured polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold that has a stronger mechanical property. This study evaluated the clinical feasibility of this scaffold for onlay-graft use. The value of the scaffold containing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in a hyaluronate-based hydrogel (rhBMP-2/HA) to enhance bone regeneration was also assessed. 3D-printed Kagome-PCL scaffolds alone (n= 12, group I) or loaded with rhBMP-2/HA (n= 12, group II) were grafted using a rat calvarial onlay-graft model. Following sacrifice at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, all 3D-printed Kagome-PCL scaffolds were accurately positioned and firmly integrated to the recipient bone. Micro-computed tomography and histology analyses revealed a constant height of the scaffolds over time in all animals. New bone grew into the scaffolds in both groups, but with greater volume in group II. These results suggest the promising clinical feasibility of the 3D-printed Kagome-PCL scaffold for onlay-graft use and it could substitute the conventional onlay-graft in the plastic and dental reconstructive surgery in the near future.
An emerging GHG estimation approach can help cities achieve their climate and sustainability goals
Authors: Mueller K L , Lauvaux T , Gurney K R , Roest G , Ghosh S , Gourdji S M , Karion A , DeCola P , Whetstone J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A credible assessment of a city’s greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation policies requires a valid account of a city’s emissions. However, questions persist as to whether cities’ ‘self-reported inventories’ (SRIs) are accurate, precise, and consistent enough to track progress toward city mitigation goals. Although useful for broad policy initiatives, city SRIs provide annual snapshots that may have limited use to city managers looking to develop targeted mitigation policies that overlap with other issues like equity, air quality, and human health. An emerging approach from the research community that integrates ‘bottom-up’ hourly, street-level emission data products with ‘top-down’ GHG atmospheric observations have begun to yield production-based (scope 1) GHG estimates that can track changes in emissions at annual and sub-annual timeframes. The use of this integrated approach offers a much-needed assessment of SRIs: the atmospheric observations are tied to international standards and the bottom-up information incorporates multiple overlapping socio-economic data. The emissions are mapped at fine scales which helps link them to attribute information (e.g. fuel types) that can further facilitate mitigation actions. Here, we describe this approach and compare results to the SRI from the City of Indianapolis which shows a yearly difference of 35% in scope 1 emissions. In the City of Baltimore, we show that granular emission information can help address multiple issues, e.g. GHG emissions, air pollution, and inequity, at the sub-zip code scale where many roots and causes for each issue exist. Finally, we show that the incorporation of atmospheric concentrations within an integrated system provides rapid, near-real-time feedback on CO2 emissions anomalies that can uncover important behavioral and economic relationships. An integrated approach to GHG monitoring, reporting and verification can ensure uniformity, and provide accuracy to city-scale GHG emissions, scalable to states and the nation—ultimately helping cities meet stated ambitions.
A comprehensive uncertainty quantification of large-scale process-based crop modeling frameworks
Authors: Dokoohaki Hamze , Kivi Marissa S , Martinez-Feria Rafael , Miguez Fernando E , Hoogenboom Gerrit 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Regional and global impact assessment tools are increasingly used to explore and evaluate the impact of climate change and extreme events on crop yield and environmental externalities. However, the large uncertainties associated with the inputs or the parameters in crop models within these tools, limits their predictive ability, exceeding the spatiotemporal variability of observed yields. The objective of this study is to explore and quantify different sources of uncertainties and assumptions made behind initial conditions (IC), soil input, meteorological forcing, management practices and model cultivar parameters by running regional simulations for the time period between 2009 and 2019. Simulations were performed for maize and soybean using the pSIMS platform across the U.S Midwest by incrementally accounting for five sources of uncertainty with a

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resolution using the APSIM and DSSAT crop growth models. First, the relative contribution of different sources of uncertainty was estimated over time and space. Then, a series of nitrate leaching hotpots were identified and a regional maize yield productivity index was estimated by decomposing the uncertainty in the same scenario using a hierarchical Bayesian random-effect model. All factors showed a strong spatial pattern in their contribution to the total uncertainty and their contribution was found to be partially dependent on location. However, across the whole region, it was found that the uncertainty around management is larger than IC, soil and meteorological forcing while showing a strong correlation with each of these factors. Given the high spatial correlation, we hypothesize that constraining soil inputs and management uncertainty could allow for the largest reduction in predictive uncertainty for crop yield. Our results showed vast areas over northern IA, IL and IN with high potential for NO3 leaching and southern IA, IL and east NE with lower maize productivity index compared to the regional average.
Increasing annual streamflow and groundwater storage in response to climate warming in the Yangtze River source region
Authors: Yi Wenxuan , Feng Yuqing , Liang Sihai , Kuang Xingxing , Yan Dezhao , Wan Li 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Climate warming has been driving hydrological changes across the globe, especially in high latitude and altitude regions. Long-term (1962–2012) streamflow records and permafrost data in the Yangtze River source region were selected to analyze streamflow variations and groundwater storage in response to climate warming. Results of Mann–Kendall test and Morlet wavelet analysis show that the anomalies of both annual streamflow and winter baseflow are near the year 2010, and their main period scales are 37 years and 34 years, respectively. The annual streamflow and the annual baseflow increased significantly, as assessed by the recursive digital filtering baseflow separation. Results of Pearson correlation coefficient indicate that the rising air temperature is the primary cause for the increased streamflow instead of precipitation and evaporation. By using the top temperature of permafrost model, the total permafrost area has decreased by 8200 km2 during the past 50 years, which causes groundwater storage to increase by about 1.62 km3 per year due to climate warming. More space has been made available to store the increasing meltwater during the permafrost thawing. Permafrost thawing and increasing temperature are the direct and indirect causes of the increasing groundwater storage. The results of the cumulative anomaly method and Pearson correlation coefficients show that permafrost thawing has a greater impact than increasing temperature on the increase of groundwater storage. Permafrost thawing due to climate warming show compound effects on groundwater storage–discharge mechanism, and significantly affects the mechanisms of streamflow generation and variation.
Solar power plant in Indonesia: economic, policy, and technological challenges to its development and deployment
Authors: Andor Mulana Sijabat Linus , Mostavan Albayruni 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The conversion of solar radiation to electricity usually use photovoltaic device. The resource is always available daily. Indonesia is a tropical country that lies on the equator, so every day can receive, on average, the solar radiation energy of 5 kW hours/m2 every day with the best solar sunshine between 4 and 5 hours. Due to the regulation from the government of Indonesia to reduce the effect of global warming in the world, Indonesia will use renewable energy with the target of 23% on the national energy mix in 2025. One of the component solar power with the target of 6.5 GW. Solar power applies for a centralized and distributed power plant, which is installed on rooftop of building or a house, ground-mounted, and floating with an on-grid or off-grid system. Beside, solar power applies to the integration with other system like EV charging, pumping, cold storage, lighting and other. Furthermore, solar power will develop to downstream to build solar cell manufacture to increase domestic component level, decrease solar module price, and create job to improve the nation’s economy.
Study on the utilization of low-grade bioethanol on SI gasoline engine as a mixture of pure gasoline fuel or with the addition of oxygenated additives to improve performance and reduce emissions
Authors: Abikusna Setia , Sugiarto Bambang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Utilization Currently, bioethanol has developed into additional fuel or substitute fuel for motorcars as a renewable energy source. Although Indonesia has great potential for developing bioethanol, its utilization continues to be very low. In certain areas in Indonesia, bioethanol is produced on a tiny low scale grade (hydrous) and is barely used as a drink; therefore research and development of the utilization of bioethanol in motorcars are needed, where the grade must be higher (anhydrous). Hydrous bioethanol has slightly different characteristics compared to anhydrous bioethanol. Octane is lower, heating value is lower, the heat energy of vaporization is higher, and the oxygen content is higher. However, the precise values for every characteristic rely on the mixture content and therefore the water content contained so a separate test of the hydrous bioethanol is required. This study could be a study of the utilization of hydrous bioethanol produced from low-grade bioethanol which is converted to high- grade bioethanol through a distillation process using motorcycle exhaust gas as a heat source which is applied to a compact-distillation system consisting of an evaporator, separator, and condenser to distil low-grade bioethanol (around 30%) becomes high-grade bioethanol (> 90%). Followed by testing the utilization of anhydrous bioethanol mixed with gasoline in SI gasoline engines, the composition of the mixture E0, E5, E10, and E15 and therefore the composition of the mixture with the addition of oxygenated additives (cyclohexanol) as secondary alcohols to further improve performance and reduce gas emissions throw it away.
The influence of alternative sources on the efficiency of smart grid systems on campus buildings
Authors: Maizana D , Muthia Putri S , Bahri Z 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper tells about a smart grid system. The system uses electrical energy sources through the National Electricity Company, PV Solar Systems and Batteries as a backup. For the load, the rector building, lecture building, hostel and mosque are used. The method of calculating efficiency values uses conventional methods. In the analysis of the efficiency of the use of electrical energy found the highest efficiency value when there is excess energy from the National Electricity Company and as an additional load used batteries to store the excess energy. Demonstrate that the efficiency of electrical energy in smart grid is not only influenced by dynamic loads but also by the addition of other sources of electrical energy. The fluctuations in the use of electric power it will cause variations in efficiency in the system. The highest average value of efficiency is obtained in the third condition of 98.582% where the system experiences excess energy on Saturdays and Sundays and the excess energy is stored on the battery. The addition of the network may be done to anticipate the excess and lack of electrical energy from one network.