bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted Inhibition of ROCK Specifically in the Polarization Interstitial Macrophages Suppresses Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Li Qingfang , Cheng Yuan , Bi Zhenfei , Ma Xuelei , Wei Yuquan , Wei Xiawei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a kind of progressive interstitial lung disease with no effective therapy. Rho/ROCK pathway has been confirmed to be activated in the process of PF in bleomycin-induced mice model in previous studies, which is involved in cell proliferation, tissue repair and regeneration. Bleomycin-induced and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice models were used to explore the effects and mechanism of WXWHO265, a novel unselected ROCK inhibitor, in PF.Methods The bleomycin-induced mice models were constructed by intratracheal instillation. The radiation-induced mice model were established by bilateral thoracic irradiation. Intragastric administration was applied to the WXWHO265 treated groups one day after model established. Flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, HE staining, Masson staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis were used for further investigation.ResultsIn both types of PF models, the fibrosis in the lung was severe and became worse as time progressed. The status of mice in WXWHO265 treated groups was better than control group (saline treated group). The proportion of M2 macrophages in the lung tissue of bleomycin-induced group significantly increased compared to control group. The proportion of M2 macrophage of day 28 was higher than day 14 and day 7 in both PF models. The proportions of M2 macrophage in WXWHO265 high dose group(25mg/kg) and control group were statistically different (p<0.05). The p-STAT3 in lung tissue was significantly decreased in the day 28 in PF models. In vitro macrophages polarization experiment, the macrophages transformed into M2 macrophages by IL-4 stimulating. The proportion of M2 macrophages decreased after treated with WXWHO265. ConclusionsInhibiting ROCK could significant ameliorate PF in mice model by regulating the polarization of interstitial macrophages. Furthermore, the results showed that ROCK regulated the polarization of M2 macrophages by mediating the phosphorylation of STAT3, which might be a potential target in treating PF.
NSUN2-Mediated Splice Site m5C Methylation Modification Promotes the Progression of Colon Cancer Through Modulating the Discrepant Cleavage of tRNA-Arg
Authors: Luan Na , Cao Yanjing , Sun Jianguo , Mu Jiayi , Mu Yali , Ye Xun , Zhou Qin , Xu Miaorong , Tang Zhe , Wang Jianwei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Hypoxia is a key driving factor for the tumour microenvironment restructuring, which leading to the variation of gene expression profiling in cancer cells. Increasing evidence reveals the initial action of hypoxia in the epitranscriptomics including RNA methylation. The role of tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) in regulating tumour metastasis potential has attracted attention. Methods: The expression of tRFs in colon cancer cells under hypoxia were evaluated based on full-transcript sequencing and bioinformatics analysis and their effects on colon cancer metastasis were detected by transwell assays. The role of C34 was verified by introducing mutation and artificial m5C modification. The effects of NSUN2 on the biological characteristics of colon cancer cells were investigated on the basis of gain-of-function and loss-of function analyses. Lung metastasis model further uncovered the roles of NSUN2 and key tRF in tumour progression. Assays of RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (RIP-qPCR) were performed to identify that NSUN2 is a key methyltransferase for cysteine modification at C34 of tRNA-Arg.Results: The present study verified the up-expression of tRF (tRF-20-MEJB5Y13) and down-expression of tRFs (tRF-20-M0NK5Y93 and tRF-21-3OPP6N7KE) in colon cancer cells under hypoxia, and all of them were derived from different tRNA-Arg. Contradictory effects of these three tRNA-Arg-derived tRFs on metastatic potential of colon cancer were demonstrated in this study. The sequence differences and the key nucleotide bases of tRNA with the methylation modification potential among the source tRNAs were analysed. Notably, our data identified C34 of tRNA-Arg as a key site that may play an important role in hypoxia-mediated tRNA-Arg discrepant cleavage. We further investigated that NSUN2 mediated specific site methylation of tRNA-Arg at C34, thereby protecting tRNA from cleavage by endonuclease and subsequently promoting the colon cancer metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: The present study elaborates on the precise regulatory mechanism of m5C methylation and the role in the selective cleavage of tRNA from the perspective of noncoding RNA methylation epitranscriptomics, providing a novel insight into the molecular basis of selective expression of tRFs in colon cancer under hypoxia.
The Efficacy of Earplugs at a Major Hazard Facility
Authors: Lee Kah Heng , Benke Geza , McKenzie Dean 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction:At a major hazard facility, sporadic cases of occupational noise-induced hearing loss have occurred despite the use of hearing protection devices. Preliminary testing with a system for measuring personal attenuation ratings (PAR) suggested that earplugs may not achieve the attenuation implied by their Australian Class designation in field-use conditions. We believe that ours to be a world-first study at the time it was conducted to check the relationship between Personal Attenuation Rating (PAR) and the Australian SLC80 classification for hearing protection devices, and the findings can be used to complement studies based on the American Noise Reduction Ratio (NRR).Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed with 65 volunteers. Participants were recruited from Operations and Maintenance Technicians at the major hazard facility. The participants had their PARs checked with different earplug types using the 3MTM E-A-RfitTM system. An earplug is deemed to have achieved a ‘pass’ if it achieved 22 dB attenuation for 80% of users (the definition for Australian Class 4 hearing protection)Results:None of the earplug types achieved the attenuation implied by their class rating when tested in field-use conditions. There were statistically significant differences in the frequency of achieving a ‘Pass’, and in PAR, depending on earplug type. Roll-down foam earplugs may provide superior attenuation compared to pre-moulded earplugs.Conclusion:Earplugs are unlikely to achieve the attenuation found in laboratory conditions during field-use. Personalised selection of hearing protection devices based on fit-testing results should be encouraged.
Study On The Effect of Bond Strength On The Failure Mode of Coarse-Grained Sandstone In Weakly Cemented Stratum
Authors: Yang Xianda , Sun Lihui , Song Jiale , Yang Bensheng , Lan Chengren 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Bond strength is one of the most important parameters and can affect the macroscopic mechanical properties and the damage state of the rock to some degree. The coarse-grained sandstone with strength of less than 40 MPa was studied by the controlled variable method. The influence of parallel bond strength on the peak strength and failure mode of coarse-grained sandstone was simulated, the evolution law of peak strength and failure mode of bond strength were comprehensively analyzed. The results show that the peak strength of rock was positively correlated with the bond strength, the difference value between tensile and shear crack was negatively correlated with tensile bond strength and positively correlated with shear bond strength. Tensile-shear bond strength ratio less than 0.5, the peak strength of the rock was usually stable at the certain extreme value under a constant tensile bond strength. Tensile crack was negatively correlated with the tensile-shear bond strength ratio, shear crack was positively correlated with the tensile-shear bond strength ratio. The failure mode of coarse-grained sandstone is shear failure. The research results can be used to guide the ground control of other mine stopes or roadways with weak cementation lithology.
The Effect of Special Educational Assistance In Early Childhood Education And Care On Psycho-Social Difficulties In Elementary School Children
Authors: Biele Guido , Lekhal Ratib , Overgaard Kristin R. , Wang Mari Vaage , Brandlistuen Ragnhild Eek , Friis Svein , Zeiner Pål 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Three to seven percent of pre-schoolers have developmental problems or child psychiatric disorders. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indicate that interventions in early childhood education and care improve long-term outcomes of children from disadvantaged backgrounds. It is unknown if effects generalize beyond the well-structured context of RCTs and to children who may not have a disadvantaged background but have developmental problems or psychiatric disorders. Methods: We use data from the population-based Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study, recruiting pregnant women from 1999 to 2009, with child follow-up from ages 6, 18, and 36 months to ages 5, 7, and 8 years. This sub-study included 2499 children with developmental problems or psychiatric disorders at age five. We investigate the effects of special educational assistance at age five on mother-reported internalizing, externalizing, and communication problems at age eight. We analyse bias due to treatment by indication with directed acyclic graphs, adjust for treatment predictors to reduce bias, and estimate effects in different patient groups and outcome domains with a hierarchical Bayesian model.Results: In the adjusted analysis, pre-schoolers with special educational assistance had on average by 0.1 (0.04-0.16) standardised mean deviation fewer psycho-social difficulties in elementary school. Mean effect sizes varied between groups and outcomes.Conclusion: We estimate positive effects of educational assistance during the transition from preschool to the school years. It should therefore be considered as an intervention for pre-schoolers with developmental or behaviour problems. More research with improved measurements of treatment and outcomes is needed to identify success factors for their implementation.
Synergistic Effect of Chloroquine and Copper to the Euryhaline Rotifer Proales Similis
Authors: Rebolledo Uriel Arreguin , Rico-Martínez Roberto , Fernández Rocío , Páez-Osuna Federico 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) has been widely used for many years against malaria and various viral diseases. Its important use and high potential to being persistent make it of particular concern for ecotoxicological studies. Here, we evaluated the toxicity of CQ alone and in combination with copper (Cu) to the euryhaline rotifer Proales similis. All experiments were carried out using chronic toxicity reproductive five‐day tests and an application factor (AF) of 0.05, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 by multiplying the 24-h LC50 values of CQ (4250 µg/L) and Cu (68 µg/L). The rate of population increase (r, d-1) ranged from 0.50 to 52 (controls); 0.19 to 0.39 (CQ); 0.09 to 0.42 (Cu); and -0.03 to 0.29 (CQ-Cu) and decreased significantly as the concentration of both chemicals in the medium increased. Almost all tested mixtures induced synergistic effects, mainly as the AF increased. We found that the presence of Cu intensifies the vulnerability of organisms to CQ and vice versa. These results stress the potential hazard that these combined chemicals may have on the aquatic systems. This research suggests that P. similis is sensitive to CQ as other standardized zooplankton species and may serve as a potential test species in the risk assessment of emerging pollutants in marine environments.
Transcriptomic and metabolic analysis uncovers the role of light quality in carotenoid accumulation of grapefruit during ripening
Authors: Huang Liulian , Hu Linping , Kong Wenbin , Yang Can , Xi Wanpeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Light, a crucial environmental signal, is involved in the regulation of secondary metabolites. To understand the mechanism by which light influences carotenoid metabolism, grapefruits were bagged with four types of light-transmitting bags that altered the transmission of solar light. We showed that light-transmitting bagging induced changes in carotenoid metabolism during fruit ripening. Compared with natural light, red light (RL)-transmittance treatments significantly increased the total carotenoid content by 142%. Based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), ‘red’, ‘darkred’, ‘yellow’, ‘brown’ and ‘midnightblue’ modules were remarkably associated with carotenoid metabolism under different light treatment. Transcriptome analysis identified the transcription factors (TFs) bHLH74/91/122, NAC56/78/90/100, MYB/MYB308, WRKY7/55, MADS29/AGL61, ERF043/118 as being involved in the regulation of carotenoid metabolism in response to RL. Under RL treatment, these TFs regulated the accumulation of carotenoids by directly modulating the expression of carotenogenic genes, including PSY, Z-ISO2, ZDS6, LCYB, LCYE, CHYB, CCD1-1/1-3, CCD4-2 and NCED2/3. Based on these results, a network of the regulation of carotenoid metabolism by light in citrus fruits was preliminarily proposed.
These results showed that RL treatments have great potential to improve coloration and nutritional quality of citrus fruits.
Increase in Lower Limb Strength After Multimodal Pain Therapy in Patients With Low Back Pain
Authors: Kaiser Moritz , Brambrink Sara , Benditz Achim , Achenbach Leonard , Gehentges Matthias , König Matthias A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Study DesignProspective Study DesignObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a multimodal pain therapy (MPM) regarding the objective parameter muscle strength of segment-dependent lower limb muscle groups before and after such a treatment. Methods52 patients with a history of low back pain and/or leg pain received standardized multimodal pain management. Strength of segment indicating lower limb muscles were assessed for each patient before and after ten days of treatment by handheld dynamometry. ResultsOverall strength increased significantly from 23.6kg ± 6.6 prior to treatment to 25.4 ± 7.3 after treatment, p≤0.001. All muscle groups significantly increased in strength with exception of great toe extensors. ConclusionDespite lower basic strength values at the beginning of treatment, all investigated muscle groups, with the exception of the great toe extensors, showed a significant increase of overall strength after completion of the multimodal pain management concept. Increased overall strength could help with avoiding further need of medical care by supporting patients’ autonomy in daily life activities, as well as maintaining working abilities. Thus, our study is the first to show a significant positive influence on lower limb strength in patients with low back pain after a conservative MPM program.
The Predictive Research of Dynamic Milling Force Based on Data Mining
Authors: Jin Lan , Zeng Xinlei , Lu Shiqi , Xie Liming , Zhang Xuefeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, surface accuracy of the work-piece was improved by mining large amounts of machining data and obtaining potentially valuable information. By using data mining technology, a dynamic milling force prediction model has been established to keep with its working. The model was developed by a combination of Regression Analysis and RBF Neural Network. The internal relation of the data were analyzed in this study, such as milling force, cutting parameters, temperature, vibration and surface quality et.al, and the methods of Cluster Analysis and Correlation Analysis was used to extract and induct dynamic milling force variations on the effects with different situations. The results suggest that the proposed dynamic milling force model had a better prediction effect, which ensure production quality, reduce the occurrence of chatter and provide a more accurate basis for selecting process parameters.
Peri-Operative Cerebral Regional Oxygen Saturation Variability and Short-Term Outcomes Following Cardiac Surgery in Neonates
Authors: Abubakar Maryam O. , Zanelli Santina A. , Spaeder Michael C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Decreased post-operative cerebral region oxygenation saturation (crSO2) variability, a surrogate for cerebral autoregulation, correlates with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates who undergo cardiac surgery. The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between pre- and post-operative crSO2 variability in neonates requiring neonatal cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD). The variability of averaged 1-min crSO2 values was calculated for a minimum of 12h before and for the first 48h following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary by-pass in neonates between November 2019 and May 2021. The crSO2 variability increased by 9% with each additional postnatal day in the pre-operative monitoring period (p=0.009). There was a 40% decrease in crSO2 variability between the pre-and post-operative monitoring periods (p<0.001). There were no associations between the degree of decrease in crSO2 variability and CHD classification (aortic arch obstruction or single ventricle physiology). The crSO2 variability improves with each additional postnatal day but then decreases by almost half following cardiac surgery in neonates. We did not observe any association between pre-operative crSO2 variability and post-operative ventilator-free days, post-operative ICU days, or mortality.The long-term effects or significance of reduced crSO2 require further exploration.
Tandem repeats ubiquitously flank and select translation initiation sites.
Authors: Maddi Ali , Kavousi Kaveh , Arabfard Masoud , Ohadi Hamid , Ohadi Mina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Findings in yeast and human suggest that evolutionary divergence in cis-regulatory sequences impact translation initiation sites (TISs). Here we employed the TIS homology concept to study a possible link between all categories of tandem repeats (TRs) and TIS selection. Human and 83 other species were selected, and data was extracted on the entire protein-coding genes (n = 1,611,368) and transcripts (n = 2,730,515) annotated for those species from Ensembl 102. On average, every transcript was flanked by 1.19 TRs of various categories in their 120 bp upstream RNA sequence. We detected statistically significant excess of non-homologous TISs co-occurring with human-specific TRs, and vice versa. We conclude that TRs are abundant cis elements in the upstream sequences of TISs across species, and there is a link between all categories of TRs and TIS selection. TR-induced symmetric and stem-loop structures may function as genetic marks for TIS selection.
Nitrous Oxide Emission from a Flooded Tropical Wetland across a Vegetation and Land Use Gradient
Authors: Were David , Hein Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Whereas wetland ecosystems are among the most vital natural carbon sinks, they are also important sources of nitrous oxide (N2O), a highly potent greenhouse gas. However, due to differences in wetland characteristics, N2O emission is likely to vary across wetland types. We investigated the: 1) influence of vegetation community (Typha latifolia; Typha, Phragmites mauritianus; Phragmites and Cyperus papyrus; Papyrus) in a natural tropical freshwater wetland, and 2) impact of converting a natural tropical freshwater wetland into a rice paddy wetland on N2O emission. Results showed that N2O emission (µg m− 2 h− 1) from the natural wetland did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) among the vegetation communities during both the dry and wet seasons (Typha = 0.6 ± 1.6 [SE] and 0.5 ± 1.4, Phragmites = 0.5 ± 1.7 and 0.4 ± 1.5, Papyrus = 0.5 ± 1.3 and 0.5 ± 1.5, respectively). These emission rates insignificantly differed (p > 0.05) from those recorded in the rice paddy wetland (dry season = 0.7 ± 2.8 and wet season = 0.6 ± 2.7). There was no significant correlation (p > 0.05) between soil physico-chemical characteristics and N2O emission. We concluded that vegetation community does not affect N2O emission from a natural tropical freshwater wetland under continuous flooding. Similarly, under continuous flooding and no fertilization conditions, converting a natural tropical freshwater wetland into a rice paddy wetland does not influence N2O emission. We roughly estimated total annual N2O emissions (T yr− 1) and their carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e; T yr− 1) from all Uganda’s natural and rice paddy wetlands as: natural wetlands = 115.1 ± 342.8 (CO2e = 30,501.5 ± 90,842) and rice paddy wetlands = 0.9 ± 2.7 (CO2e = 242.5 ± 707.6).
A Micro-Scaled Graphene Based Tree-Shaped Wideband Printed MIMO Antenna For Terahertz Applications
Authors: Babu K. Vasu , Das Sudipta , Varshney Gaurav , S Gorre Naga Jyothi , Madhav Boddapati Taraka Phani 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A tree-shaped graphene based microstrip MIMO antenna for terahertz applications is proposed. The proposed MIMO antenna is designed on a 600×300 µm2 polyimide substrate. The designed MIMO antenna exhibits a wide impedance bandwidth of 88.14% (0.276–0.711 THz) due to the suggested modifications in the antenna configuration. The MIMO design parameters like total active reflection coefficient (TARC), mean effective gain (MEG), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain (DG), Channel capacity loss (CCL) are evaluated and their values are found within acceptable limits. The proposed MIMO structure offers MEG ≤ -3.0 dB, TARC≤ -10.0 dB, DG≈ 10 dB, CCL < 0.5 bps/Hz/sec and ECC < 0.01 at the resonant frequency. At the resonant frequency, the isolation between the radiating elements of the proposed MIMO is recorded as -52 dB. The variations in operating frequency and S-parameters are also analyzed as a function of the chemical potential (µc) of the graphene material. The parametric analysis, structural design evolution steps, surface current distribution, antenna characteristics parameters and diversity parameters are discussed in detail in this paper. The designed MIMO antenna is suitable for high speed short distance communication, video rate imaging, biomedical imaging, sensing, and security scanning in the THz frequency band.
Experimental and Numerical Study on the Flow Ripple of Circular-arc Gear Pumps Considering the Center Distance Deviation
Authors: Wei Xiaoling , Feng Yongbao , He Zhenxin , Liu Ke 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Novel circular-arc gear pumps effectively solve the problems of oil trapping and flow pulsation experienced with traditional gear pumps. However, the center distance deviation associated with assembly and installation during gear pump processing has an important influence on the outlet pressure pulsation characteristics of circular-arc gear pumps. First, the circular-arc tooth profile equation, conjugate curve equation and meshing line equation were derived to design the circular-arc gear meshing and center distance deviation functions. Second, the circular-arc gear tooth profile was accurately obtained. Then, a pressure pulsation characteristic simulation model for the novel circular-arc gear pumps considering the center distance deviation was established. The results show that with the increase of center distance deviation, the outlet flow rate of the arc gear pump increases first and then decreases greatly. Moreover, the center distance deviation has little effect on the independent tooth cavity pressure. Finally, the proposed fluid dynamic model is used to simulate a commercial circular-arc gear pump, which was tested within this research for modeling validation purposes. The comparisons highlight the validity of the proposed simulation approach.