bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Distribution of Ionospheric Topside Diffusive Flux and Midlatitude Electron Density Enhancement in Winter Nighttime
Authors: Li Quan‐Han , Hao Yong‐Qiang , Wang Wenbin , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Qian Liying , Aa Ercha , Zhang Dong‐He , Xiao Zuo , He Maosheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIonospheric topside diffusive flux is derived using Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation data, to investigate its global distribution and also its role in winter nighttime enhancement (WNE) of electron density. The flux of the winter hemisphere maintains downward throughout the night. It is much larger between and geomagnetic latitudes and keeps increasing until 22:00–00:00 LT. It peaks at W and E–E geographic longitudes during the December solstice, and at E during the June solstice. These features are similar to those of WNE in NmF2. Furthermore, the derived flux is applied as the upper boundary condition to run the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM). The simulated spatial‐temporal variations of WNE are consistent with the observations. The results indicate that downward plasma diffusion from the plasmasphere is the major mechanism of WNE, and the simulation quantifies its contribution.
Response of the Mediterranean Sea Surface Circulation at Various Global Warming Levels: A Multi‐Model Approach
Authors: Parras‐Berrocal I. M. , Waldman R. , Sevault F. , Somot S. , Gonzalez N. , Ahrens B. , Anav A. , Djurdjević V. , Gualdi S. , Hamouda M. E. , Li L. , Lionello P. , Sannino G. , Sein D. V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChanges in Mediterranean circulation patterns due to global warming may have strong socio‐economic and environmental impacts. We analyze the future evolution of the Mediterranean surface circulation under different levels of global warming by using 28 multi‐decadal simulations from a set of fully coupled and high‐resolution regional climate models of the Med‐CORDEX multi‐model initiative. There is no model agreement for a significant basin‐scale modification of the surface circulation. However significant and robust local circulation changes are identified. In particular, the circulation is expected to shift from cyclonic to predominantly anticyclonic in the northern Balearic, while a strengthening of the cyclonic circulation is expected in the southern Adriatic. Furthermore, our results show an increase in the Mediterranean circulation variability primarily associated with a general increase of meso‐scale activity. Generally, we find a linear increase of the identified changes with global warming levels.
L‐Band InSAR Snow Water Equivalent Retrieval Uncertainty Increases With Forest Cover Fraction
Authors: Bonnell R. , Elder K. , McGrath D. , Marshall H. P. , Starr B. , Adebisi N. , Palomaki R. T. , Hoppinen Z. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThere is a pressing need for global monitoring of snow water equivalent (SWE) at high spatiotemporal resolution, and L‐band (1–2 GHz) interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) holds promise. However, the technique has not seen extensive evaluation in forests. We evaluated this technique across varying forest canopy conditions using eight InSAR pairs collected at the Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado, USA by NASA UAVSAR during the 10‐week NASA SnowEx 2021 Campaign. Compared with in situ measurements, we found root mean squared errors (RMSEs) of 14–17 mm for SWE changes in forest cover fractions (FCF) < 0.40, but RMSEs increased to 33–40 mm at FCF > 0.50. Statistical distributions between normalized lidar snow depths and normalized UAVSAR SWE were similar at FCF < 0.5, but diverged at FCF > 0.50. Thus, the upcoming NISAR L‐band satellite has strong potential for global snowpack monitoring, including below sparse to moderate forest cover.
Understanding the Interdecadal Changes in the Teleconnection Pattern of the East Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation With Concurrent ENSO
Authors: Fan Lei , Yang Qi , Fu Hui‐Huang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInterdecadal changes in the relationship between East Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation (EASMP) and the concurrent El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) vary across subregions, making it challenging to holistically understand these variations and the underlying mechanisms. To address this issue, we apply the moving correlation Empirical Orthogonal Function (MC‐EOF) between EASMP and ENSO, identifying a meridional tri‐pole pattern in the interdecadal variation of their relationship. The primary driver of this pattern is the summer Tropical North Atlantic (TNA) sea surface temperature, which has shifted from being uncorrelated to exhibiting a strong negative correlation with concurrent ENSO since the late 1980s. Consequently, the TNA's influence on EASMP combines with ENSO's effects, altering the EASMP pattern during ENSO events. This conclusion is supported by two observations: (a) the moving correlation series between TNA and ENSO aligns with the time series of MC‐EOF‐1, and (b) the MC‐EOF‐1 pattern spatially matches the TNA's impact on EASMP.
Wave Resonance Induced Intensification of Mixed Rossby‐Gravity Waves by Extratropical Forcing
Authors: Mehak Mehak , Suhas E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExtratropical disturbances are known to impact the genesis and intensification of Mixed Rossby‐Gravity waves (MRGW) in the Western Hemisphere (WH). The study provides observational evidence supporting the wave resonance (WR) theory which attempts to explain the intensification of MRGW by extratropical forcing. Wavenumber‐frequency cospectral analysis and a bulk measure of growth of MRGW estimated using reanalysis data reveal that the extratropical forcing manifested in the form of eddy momentum flux convergence can create eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and aid the intensification of MRGW via WR mechanism during boreal winter season. However, the WR mechanism does not hold during boreal summer season as the extratropical forcing tends to dampen the MRGW. The analysis also reveals that the Doppler‐shifted eastward propagating MRGW in the WH during boreal winter season are not maintained by extratropical forcing, marking another highlight of this study.
Role of Coupled Electrodynamics of E‐ and F‐Regions on the Rapid Poleward Extension of EMSTID Fronts
Authors: Patgiri D. , Nirwal S. , Rathi R. , Yadav V. , Sunil Krishna M. V. , Kannaujiya S. , Sunda S. , Liu Jann‐Yenq , Sarkhel S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of coupled E‐ and F‐regions electrodynamics behind the rapid poleward extension of two dark fronts of an electrified medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbance (EMSTID). The fronts of EMSTID observed in O(1D) 630.0 nm airglow images extended poleward from the southern edge of the field‐of‐view to the location of the imager at Hanle (32.7°N, 78.9°E; Mlat. 24.1°N), India, on the geomagnetically quiet (Ap = 3) night of 09 June 2021. The existence of the fronts outside the southern edge of field‐of‐view before and during their extension was apparent from temporal fluctuations in the vertical total electron content. Additionally, favorable direction of thermospheric neutral wind to initiate Perkins instability existed beyond the southern edge of field‐of‐view prior to EMSTID's first appearance in the airglow images. Therefore, the observed EMSTID were likely generated outside the southern edge of field‐of‐view. Interestingly, the expected clockwise rotation of fronts with clockwise rotation of thermospheric neutral wind was not observed, although it was necessary to sustain the positive‐growth of Perkins instability. This indicates the involvement of E‐F coupling to sustain the positive‐growth of EMSTID since the presence of sporadic‐E layers was evident from the signal‐to‐noise ratio amplitude of L1 band and zonal wind profiles over the observation region. The enhanced polarization electric field caused due to E‐F coupling produced larger vertical E × B drift, which helped the EMSTID to sustain positive‐growth during the fronts' extension. Additionally, the enhanced northwestward E × B drift helped to maintain the northwest‐southeast orientation of EMSTID fronts, during the rotation of thermospheric neutral wind.
Complex Ionospheric Fluctuations Over East and Southeast Asia During the May 2024 Super Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Li Guozhu , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Zhao Biqiang , Li Yu , Tariq M. Arslan , Zhao Xiukuan , Hu Lianhuan , Dai Guofeng , Xie Haiyong , Li Yi , Liu Jianfei , Ning Baiqi , Liu Libo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe May 2024 super storm is one of the strongest geomagnetic storms during the past 20 years. One of the most remarkable ionospheric responses to this event over East and Southeast Asia is the complex ionospheric fluctuations following the storm commencement. The fluctuations created multiple oscillations of total electron content (TEC) embedded in the diurnal variation, with amplitudes up to 10 TECu. Along the same latitude, the fluctuations were nearly synchronized over a wide longitude span up to 35°. In the meridional direction, the fluctuations over low latitudes were the most significant and complex, which contained two main components, the poleward extending oscillations originated from the magnetic equator, and the equatorward propagating traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) from high latitudes. The TIDs likely occurred around the globe. The storm‐time interplanetary electric fields penetrating into equatorial latitudes of the ionosphere and the auroral energy input were suggested to drive the poleward extending oscillations and the equatorward TIDs, respectively.
A “Wave‐Like” Evolution of Polar Cap Patches Modulated by Enhanced Magnetopause Reconnection and Extended Magnetotail Reconnection
Authors: Zhang Duan , Zhang Q.‐H. , Oksavik K. , Tang B.‐B. , Zhang Y.‐L. , Lockwood M. , Foster J. C. , Zhang S.‐R. , Lyons Larry R. , Xing Z.‐Y. , Wang Yong , Ma Y.‐Z. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA train of large‐scale polar cap patches was observed in the ionosphere during a period of southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) during the main phase of a moderate geomagnetic storm. The patches were sequentially detached from a dayside storm enhanced density plume through cusp dynamics due to pulsed enhancement of the dayside magnetic reconnection rate, suggested by the increase of the Kan‐Lee electric field and cross polar cap potential. After formation and IMF By duskward turning, the patches propagated obliquely like “waves” in the polar cap toward the dusk sector, and exited the polar cap over a wide magnetic local time (MLT) region (18–24 MLT). Simulations under a strongly southward IMF Bz and duskward IMF By show that the magnetotail magnetic reconnection occurs over a broad MLT range. Such a tail reconnection modulates the evolution of the patches.
KDELR1 regulates chondrosarcoma drug resistance and malignant behavior through Intergrin-Hippo-YAP1 axis
Authors: Yin Huabin , Jiang Dongjie , Li Yongai , Chen Wenjun , Zhang Jie , Yang Xinghai , Hu Jinbo , Wei Haifeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChondrosarcoma (CS) is the second most common primary bone malignancy, known for its unique transcriptional landscape that renders most CS subtypes resistant to chemotherapy, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy commonly used in osteosarcoma (OS) treatment. Understanding the transcriptional landscape of CS and the mechanisms by which key genes contribute to chemotherapy resistance could be a crucial step in overcoming this challenge. To address this, we developed a single-cell transcriptional map of CS, comparing it with OS and normal cancellous bone. Our analysis revealed a specific increase in KDEL receptor 1 (KDELR1) expression in CS, which was closely associated with CS prognosis, tumor aggressiveness, and drug resistance. KDELR1 plays a key role in regulating membrane protein processing and secretion, as well as contributing to tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and drug resistance. Further investigation using mass spectrometry proteomics and transcriptomics uncovered KDELR1’s involvement in modulating the Hippo-YAP pathway activity in CS cells. The KDELR1-Integrin-PLCγ-YAP1 axis emerges as a critical process mediating drug resistance and malignant behavior in CS, offering novel insights and potential therapeutic targets for CS treatment.
Response to clozapine in treatment resistant schizophrenia is related to alterations in regional cerebral blood flow
Authors: Sun Junyu , Zelaya Fernando , Sendt Kyra-Verena , McQueen Grant , Gillespie Amy L. , Lally John , Howes Oliver D. , Barker Gareth J. , McGuire Philip , MacCabe James H. , Egerton Alice 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPET and SPECT studies in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) have revealed significant alterations in regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) during clozapine treatment, which may vary according to the clinical response. Here, we used the more recent MRI approach of arterial spin labelling (ASL) to evaluate regional CBF in participants with TRS (N = 36) before starting treatment with clozapine compared to in healthy volunteers (N = 16). We then compared CBF in the TRS group, before and after 12 weeks of treatment with clozapine (N = 24); and examined the relationship of those differences against changes in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) scores over the treatment period. We observed widespread reductions in CBF in TRS compared to in healthy volunteers (p < 0.05). After covarying for global CBF and age, lower CBF in frontal and parietal regions was still evident (p < 0.05, FWE corrected). Clozapine treatment was associated with longitudinal decreases in CBF in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (p < 0.05). Higher striatal CBF at baseline was associated with greater improvement in total and general symptoms following clozapine, and higher hippocampal CBF was associated with greater improvement in total and positive symptoms. Longitudinal reductions in CBF in the ACC and thalamus were associated with less improvement in negative (ACC), positive (thalamus), and total (thalamus) symptoms. These findings suggest that changes in CBF on clozapine administration in TRS may accompany symptomatic improvement, and that CBF prior to clozapine initiation may determine the degree of clinical response.
Prediction of metabolic subphenotypes of type 2 diabetes via continuous glucose monitoring and machine learning
Authors: Metwally Ahmed A. , Perelman Dalia , Park Heyjun , Wu Yue , Jha Alokkumar , Sharp Seth , Celli Alessandra , Ayhan Ekrem , Abbasi Fahim , Gloyn Anna L. , McLaughlin Tracey , Snyder Michael P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe classification of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes does not consider heterogeneity in the pathophysiology of glucose dysregulation. Here we show that prediabetes is characterized by metabolic heterogeneity, and that metabolic subphenotypes can be predicted by the shape of the glucose curve measured via a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) during standardized oral glucose-tolerance tests (OGTTs) performed in at-home settings. Gold-standard metabolic tests in 32 individuals with early glucose dysregulation revealed dominant or co-dominant subphenotypes (muscle or hepatic insulin-resistance phenotypes in 34% of the individuals, and β-cell-dysfunction or impaired-incretin-action phenotypes in 40% of them). Machine-learning models trained with glucose time series from OGTTs from the 32 individuals predicted the subphenotypes with areas under the curve (AUCs) of 95% for muscle insulin resistance, 89% for β-cell deficiency and 88% for impaired incretin action. With CGM-generated glucose curves obtained during at-home OGTTs, the models predicted the muscle-insulin-resistance and β-cell-deficiency subphenotypes of 29 individuals with AUCs of 88% and 84%, respectively. At-home identification of metabolic subphenotypes via a CGM may aid the risk stratification of individuals with early glucose dysregulation.
Polygenic prediction of occupational status GWAS elucidates genetic and environmental interplay in intergenerational transmission, careers and health in UK Biobank
Authors: Akimova Evelina T. , Wolfram Tobias , Ding Xuejie , Tropf Felix C. , Mills Melinda C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) impacts health and life-course outcomes. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) of sociologically informed occupational status measures (ISEI, SIOPS, CAMSIS) using the UK Biobank (N = 273,157) identified 106 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms of which 8 are novel to the study of SES. Genetic correlations with educational attainment (r
g = 0.96–0.97) and income (r
g = 0.81–0.91) point to a common genetic factor for SES. We observed a 54–57% reduction in within-family predictions compared with population-based predictions, attributed to indirect parental effects (22–27% attenuation) and assortative mating (21–27%) following our calculations. Using polygenic scores from population predictions of 5–10% (incremental R
2 = 0.023–0.097 across different approaches and occupational status measures), we showed that (1) cognitive and non-cognitive traits, including scholastic and occupational motivation and aspiration, link polygenic scores to occupational status and (2) 62% of the intergenerational transmission of occupational status cannot be ascribed to genetic inheritance of common variants but other factors such as family environments. Finally, links between genetics, occupation, career trajectory and health are interrelated with parental occupational status.
Preserving conceptual design integrity: strategies for enhancing interoperability in architectural digital design workflows
Authors: El-Khouly Tamir , Abdelhalim Omnia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis research addresses the persistent challenges of data loss and inefficient workflow integration between 3D digital design tools (Rhinoceros) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) platforms (Revit) in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industries. The study investigates how design integrity can be preserved during the transition between these platforms, focusing on ensuring compatibility while maintaining the original design intent. The research aims to answer the question: How can design integrity be preserved when transitioning from 3D design tools to BIM platforms while ensuring seamless interoperability? Using an inductive bottom-up approach, empirical data were collected from 35 student projects over three years at The American University in Cairo. Observations were used to classify challenges encountered in transitioning from Rhinoceros to Revit, synthesising the results into evidence-based best practices. Surveys and statistical analyses were conducted on the participants’ (students’) responses to validate the findings from the analysis and observations of their digital workflow experiences. This study fills a gap in existing literature, which often overlooks the technical integration between 3D design tools and BIM platforms during the creative design phase. The research offers practical solutions for improving workflow integration, reducing data loss, and enhancing collaborative efficiency. The findings are expected to impact both professional practice and education, offering pathways to more efficient design transitions and equipping students with skills to navigate digital design challenges in future AEC projects.
Socioeconomic position interacts with the genetic effect of a CRP gene common variant to influence C-reactive protein values
Authors: Cheaib Miriam , Hornung Nicola , Dragano Nico , Frank Mirjam , Hoffmann Per , Nöthen Markus M. , Erbel Raimund , Stang Andreas , Schmidt Börge 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectives: C-Reactive Protein (CRP) values are partly determined by variation at the CRP gene locus, but also influenced by socioeconomic position (SEP) and related lifestyle factors. As gene-by-SEP interactions have been suggested for traits associated with CRP and SEP (e.g., BMI, coronary artery disease), the aim of this study was to investigate the strength of a possible interaction between a CRP gene common variant (rs4287174) and SEP in their joint influence on CRP levels in a population-based study sample. Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphism rs4287174 was genotyped in 4065 participants (aged 45–75 years) of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study, a population-based prospective cohort. SEP indicators (education and income), risk factors (i.e., body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery calcification, current smoking, hypertension, diet, no exercise) and blood serum CRP (mg/dl) were assessed at study baseline. Interaction analysis was based on linear regression and on stratified analyses (genetic effect stratified by SEP and vice versa) adjusted for age and sex using loge(CRP + 1) as dependent variable. Results: Low SEP and rs4287174 T allele were both associated with higher CRP values. The strongest genetic effect was observed in the lowest educational group (≤ 10 years of education) with an exp(β) indicating 1.058-fold (95%-CI: 1.018; 1.100) average CRP values per additional T allele, while in the highest educational group (≥ 18 years) the association was considerably less strong (exp(β): 1.005 (95%-CI: 0.975; 1.037)). After including rs4287174-by-education interaction terms in the regression analysis, interaction was indicated suggesting stronger genetic effects on CRP in low SEP groups (exp(βinteraction): 1.056 (95%-CI: 1.005; 1.108); p = 0.029). The observed interaction did not seem to be substantially mediated by the risk factors included in the analysis. No indication for rs4287174-by-income interaction was observed. Conclusion: Results imply that genetic effects of the CRP locus are modified by education as an indicator of life course SEP.
Deep Bayesian active learning using in-memory computing hardware
Authors: Lin Yudeng , Gao Bin , Tang Jianshi , Zhang Qingtian , Qian He , Wu Huaqiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Labeling data is a time-consuming, labor-intensive and costly procedure for many artificial intelligence tasks. Deep Bayesian active learning (DBAL) boosts labeling efficiency exponentially, substantially reducing costs. However, DBAL demands high-bandwidth data transfer and probabilistic computing, posing great challenges for conventional deterministic hardware. Here we propose a memristor stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics in situ learning method that uses the stochastic of memristor modulation to learn efficiency, enabling DBAL within the computation-in-memory (CIM) framework. To prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, we implemented in-memory DBAL on a memristor-based stochastic CIM system and successfully demonstrated a robot’s skill learning task. The inherent stochastic characteristics of memristors allow a four-layer memristor Bayesian deep neural network to efficiently identify and learn from uncertain samples. Compared with cutting-edge conventional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-based hardware implementation, the stochastic CIM system achieves a remarkable 44% boost in speed and could conserve 153 times more energy.