bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Immune-Related Gene Pairs Signature Predicts Prognosis and Immune Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma
Authors: Zhang Nijia , Ge Ming , Jiang Tao , Peng Xiaoxia , Sun Hailang , Qi Xiang , Zou Zhewei , Li Dapeng 
Published: April 2021

PurposeGlioblastoma is one of the most aggressive nervous system neoplasms. Immunotherapy represents a hot spot and has not been included in standard treatments of glioblastoma. So in this study, we aim to filtrate an immune-related gene pairs (IRGPs) signature for predicting survival and immune heterogeneity.MethodsWe used gene expression profiles and clinical information of glioblastoma patients in the TCGA and CGGA datasets, dividing into discovery and validation cohorts. IRGPs significantly correlative with prognosis were selected to conduct an IRGPs signature. Low and high risk groups were separated by this IRGPs signature. Univariate and multivariate cox analysis were adopted to check whether risk can be a independent prognostic factor. Immune heterogeneity between different risk groups was analyzed via immune infiltration and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Some different expressed genes between groups were selected to determine their relationship with immune cells and immune checkpoints.ResultsWe found an IRGPs signature consisting of 5 IRGPs. Different risk based on IRGPs signature is a independent prognostic factor both in the discovery and validation cohorts. High risk group has some immune positive cells and more immune repressive cells than low risk group by means of immune infiltration. We discovered some pathways are more active in the high risk group, leading to immune suppression, drug resistance and tumor evasion. In two specific signaling, some genes are over expressed in high risk group and positive related to immune repressive cells and immune checkpoints, which indicate aggression and immunotherapy resistance.ConclusionWe identified a robust IRGPs signature to predict prognosis and immune heterogeneity in glioblastoma patients. Some potential targets and pathways need to be further researched to make different patients benefit from personalized immunotherapy.
First-Generation EGFR-TKI Plus Chemotherapy Versus EGFR-TKI Alone as First-Line Treatment in Advanced NSCLC With EGFR Activating Mutation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Wu Qiang , Luo Wuxia , Li Wen , Wang Ting , Huang Lin , Xu Feng 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate efficacy and toxicity of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in combination with chemotherapy (CT) compared to EGFR-TKI monotherapy as first-line treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring activating EGFR mutation.MethodsA systematic literature search of randomized controlled trials using Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, was performed up to Jan. 7th, 2020. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated as effect values for progress-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Risk ratio (RR) and Odds ratio (OR) were calculated as effect values for objective response rate (ORR) and toxicity, respectively.ResultsA total of eight randomized trials involving 1,349 advanced NSCLC patients with sensitive EGFR mutation were included in the meta-analysis. All patients in both groups received first-generation TKI as first-line treatment. The pooled HR of PFS and OS was 0.56 (95% CI = 0.50–0.64; P &lt;0.00001) and 0.70 (95% CI = 0.54–0.90; P = 0.005), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed significantly higher OS advantages in patients receiving doublet CT (P = 0.02) and concurrent therapy (P = 0.002). The ORR in the EGFR-TKI plus CT group was significantly higher than in the EGFR-TKI monotherapy group (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.10–1.26). The combination regimen showed a higher incidence of chemotherapy-induced toxicities. Subgroup analysis indicated that doublet chemotherapy rather than single-agent chemotherapy significantly increased incidence of grade 3 or higher leukopenia, neutropenia and anemia.ConclusionsCompared with EGFR-TKI monotherapy, the combination of first-generation EGFR-TKI and CT, especially when applying concurrent delivery of platinum-based doublet chemotherapeutic drugs, significantly improve ORR and prolong PFS and OS in first-line treatment for advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Although increasing incidence of chemotherapy-induced toxicities occurs in the combination group, it is well tolerated and clinically manageable.
Dynamic Three-Dimensional ADC Changes of Parotid Glands During Radiotherapy Predict the Salivary Secretary Function in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma
Authors: Feng Mei , Yin Qingping , Ren Jing , Wu Fei , Lan Mei , Wang He , Wang Min , Li Lu , Chen Xiaojian , Lang Jinyi 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of three-dimensional apparent diffusion coefficient (3D-ADC) of bilateral parotid glands during radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients and explore the correlations with the radiation dose, volume reduction of parotid gland and the salivary secretary function.Materials and Methods60 HNSCC were retrospectively collected in Sichuan cancer hospital. The patients were all received diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) scan at pre-radiation, the 15th radiation, the 25th radiation and completion of radiation. Dynamic 3D-ADC were measured in different lobes of parotid glands (P1: deep lobe of ipsilateral; P2: superficial lobe of ipsilateral; P3: deep lobe of contralateral; P4: superficial lobe of contralateral), and the 3D-ADC of spinal cord were also recorded. Chewing stimulates test, radionuclide scan and RTOG criteria were recorded to evaluate the salivary secretary function. Pearson analysis was used to assess the correlation between 3D-ADC value, radiation dose, volume change, and salivary secretary function.ResultsThe mean 3D-ADC of parotid glands increased. It began to change at the 15th radiation and the mostly increased in P1. However, there was no change for the maximum and minimum 3D-ADC. The 3D-ADC values of spinal cord changes were almost invisible (ratio ≤ 0.03 ± 0.01). The mean 3D-ADC was negatively correlated with the salivary secretary function (r=-0.72) and volume reduction of different lobes of parotid glands (r1=-0.64; r2=-0.61; r3=-0.57; r4=-0.49), but it was positively correlated with the delivered dose (r1 = 0.73; r2 = 0.69; r3 = 0.65; r4 = 0.78).ConclusionDynamic 3D-ADC changes might be a new and early indicator to predict and evaluate the secretary function of parotid glands during radiotherapy.
Spatiotemporal Pattern of Acid Phosphatase Activity in Soils Cultivated With Maize Sensing to Phosphorus-Rich Patches
Authors: Ma Xiaofan , Li Haigang , Zhang Junling , Shen Jianbo 
Published: April 2021

AimsAcid phosphatase (APase) secretion by roots allows plants to mobilize organic phosphorus (P) in low P soils. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil APase activity in response to P-rich patches remain unclear.MethodsHere, we grew maize in rhizoboxes with two contrasting soil types and different localized P supplies. In situ soil zymography was applied to examine the spatial-temporal variation of APase activity.ResultsWe found P-rich patches can induce the secretion of APase from roots, indicating that even mineral P fertilizers were localized apply, mobilization of soil organic P by roots can also be enhanced; APase hotspot areas and APase activities in the rhizosphere and bulk soil of the same rhizobox showed opposite diurnal rhythms across the whole soil profile. The APase hotspot area was 10–140% larger at noon than at midnight in the rhizosphere, which is consistent with the diurnal rhythm of photosynthesis. In contrast, in bulk soil, the area was 18–200% larger at midnight than at noon, which led to spatiotemporal niche differentiation with regard to the utilization of soil organic P; this alleviated competition between plants and soil microorganisms.ConclusionOur findings showed that APase secretion of roots was plastic in P-rich patches and showed an opposite diurnal rhythm with soil microorganisms in bulk soil.
Characterizing Self-Reported Tobacco, Vaping, and Marijuana-Related Tweets Geolocated for California College Campuses
Authors: Cuomo Raphael E. , Purushothaman Vidya L. , Li Jiawei , Bardier Cortni , Nali Matthew , Shah Neal , Obradovich Nick , Yang Joshua , Mackey Tim K. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: College-aged youth are active on social media yet smoking-related social media engagement in these populations has not been thoroughly investigated. We sought to conduct an exploratory infoveillance study focused on geolocated data to characterize smoking-related tweets originating from California 4-year colleges on Twitter.Methods: Tweets from 2015 to 2019 with geospatial coordinates in CA college campuses containing smoking-related keywords were collected from the Twitter API stream and manually annotated for discussions about smoking product type, sentiment, and behavior.Results: Out of all tweets detected with smoking-related behavior, 46.7% related to tobacco use, 50.0% to marijuana, and 7.3% to vaping. Of these tweets, 46.1% reported first-person use or second-hand observation of smoking behavior. Out of 962 tweets with user sentiment, the majority (67.6%) were positive, ranging from 55.0% for California State University, Long Beach to 95.8% for California State University, Los Angeles.Discussion: We detected reporting of first- and second-hand smoking behavior on CA college campuses representing possible violation of campus smoking bans. The majority of tweets expressed positive sentiment about smoking behaviors, though there was appreciable variability between college campuses. This suggests that anti-smoking outreach should be tailored to the unique student populations of these college communities.Conclusion: Among tweets about smoking from California colleges, high levels of positive sentiment suggest that the campus climate may be less receptive to anti-smoking messages or adherence to campus smoking bans. Further research should investigate the degree to which this varies by campuses over time and following implementation of bans including validating using other sources of data.
Physical Activity Among Predominantly White Middle-Aged and Older US Adults During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Results From a National Longitudinal Survey
Authors: Joseph Rodney P. , Pituch Keenan A. , Guest M. Aaron , Maxfield Molly , Peckham Allie , Coon David W. , Kim Wonsun , Langer Shelby L. 
Published: April 2021

Background: The first COVID-19 case in the US was diagnosed late January 2020. In the subsequent months, cases grew exponentially. By March 2020, SARS-CoV-2 (the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19) was a global pandemic and the US declared a national emergency. To mitigate transmission, federal guidelines were established for social and physical distancing. These events disrupted daily routines of individuals around the world, including Americans. The impact of the pandemic on PA patterns of Americans is largely unknown, especially among those at greater risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess levels of PA over time during the pandemic among US adults aged &gt;50 years.Methods: Data were collected as part of a web-based, longitudinal, 3-wave study examining health and well-being among adults aged &gt; 50. PA data were collected at Waves 2 and 3 using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). At Wave 2 (conducted mid-May to early June, 2020), participants completed the IPAQ-SF twice, once in reference to a typical 7-day period before the pandemic, and again in reference to the past 7 days. At Wave 3 (conducted mid-June to early July 2020), participants completed the IPAQ-SF once, with reference to the past 7 days. Potential predictors of PA change were collected using items from previously established surveys and included demographic characteristics, pre-pandemic PA levels, perceived COVID-19 threat, self-rated general health, and number of chronic disease conditions.Results: Respondents (N = 589) had a mean age of 63 ± 7.39 years and were mostly female (88%) and non-Hispanic White (96%). Mean MET-min/week across the three time-referents were 2,904 (pre-pandemic), 1,682 (Wave 2 past 7-days), and 2,001 (Wave 3 past 7-days), with PA declining between the first and second time referents (d = −0.45, p &lt; 0.001) and remaining below pre-pandemic levels at the third (d = −0.34, p &lt; 0.001). Changes over time were predicted by pre-pandemic PA and self-rated general health (p's &lt; .05).Conclusions: Effective strategies are needed to promote safe and socially-distanced PA among adults aged &gt;50 years until the risk of contracting COVID-19 subsides. In the post-pandemic era, PA programming will be imperative to address pandemic-associated declines in PA.
Case Report: Robotic ALPPS Procedure for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Right Lobe of the Liver
Authors: Solomonov Evgeny , Tzadok Itamar , Stemmer Salomon , Biswas Seema 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Associating liver partition with portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) is a surgical procedure for liver malignancy where the volume of the liver remnant is estimated to be too small. We present the first case of two-stage robotic ALPPS procedure, illustrating the steps and advantages of robotic surgery.Materials and Methods: A 68-year-old man with morbid obesity (BMI 40), portal fibrosis, macrovesicular steatosis, and poor liver function underwent robotic ALPPS for hepatocellular carcinoma in the right lobe of the liver (segments 5, 7, and 8). A video presentation (https://youtu.be/M50Gumf-4pw) of the operative procedure is accompanied by explanation in the text with embedded corresponding video time points.Results: Both stages of the procedure were performed robotically, with negligible blood loss, and rapid surgical recovery. The patient died 3 years later.Discussion: Robotic ALPPS offers reduced morbidity in major liver surgery for malignancy and may extend survival in meticulously selected patients.
ESSENTIAL AND SUBSTANTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONCEPT OF "TOLERANCE" AS A PROFESSIONAL QUALITY OF A TEACHER OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
Authors: BABENKO I. , KUZMENKO G. 
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the essence of the concept of "tolerance", analyzes tolerance as a professional quality of a teacher of higher education, identifies its structural components. The author is of the opinion that the key constructs of personality tolerance are: tolerance as the opposite of egoism and egocentrism; tolerance as tolerance to others; tolerance as a path to goodness, truth and compassion; tolerance and norm (sense of proportion) as part of traditional culture. Based on the systematization of research on the phenomenon of tolerance in philosophical, psychological and pedagogical aspects, it was found that tolerance is a complex complex phenomenon, which is considered in various aspects and understood as acceptance of another person's personality and personality, ability to understand emotional states, desire for dialogue and cooperation in interaction, rejection of domination and violence.
The structure of this psychological construct consists of personal, cognitive, emotional and behavioral components. The specifics of personal, cognitive, emotional and behavioral components of tolerance are analyzed.
The author considers the selected components as normatively necessary for the successful activity of the teacher in the modern conditions of higher education reform. All of them are closely interdependent, each subsequent one is productive only in the presence of the previous one, formed at a sufficient level.
We see the prospect of further research in the further comprehensive study of ways to prepare future research and teaching staff to cultivate tolerance.
FORMATION IN YOUNG PEOPLE OF PERCEPTIONS OF RESPONSIBILITY REGARDING CRIMINAL VIOLATIONS DURING THE ELECTION PROCESS
Authors: BARDINOVA A. 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the article is to characterize the criminal law for providing false information to the State Register of Voters or falsification of election documents, referendum documents, voting results or information of the State Register of Voters, analysis of objective and subjective elements of the crime under Art. 158 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, as well as improvement of criminal legislation for providing false information to the body maintaining the State Register of Voters or falsification of election documents and referendum documents, voting results or information of the State Register of Voters.
The analysis of scientific sources revealed the signs of crimes against the voting rights of citizens, which every citizen should get acquainted with at a young age. The study also proved that one of the means of preventing crimes against citizens' voting rights is criminal liability.
We see the prospect of further research in providing legal guarantees of suffrage and reference rights of citizens, using criminal liability as one of the types of legal liability for violation of suffrage and reference rights of citizens.
MODEL OF MANAGEMENT OF CONTINUITY OF PRESCHOOL AND PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION
Authors: BERETSKA S. 
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to substantiation of the model of continuity management of preschool and primary school education. The model of managing the continuity of preschool and primary school education is considered as a tool for constructing future situations, finding alternatives in the development of educational institutions and ensuring its competitiveness. The content of the model is clarified through conceptual, normative, technological and performance levels that are interdependent and interrelated.
The content of the conceptual level reveals the purpose, objectives of continuity management of preschool and primary school education of general secondary education, scientific approaches and principles to the management of the educational institution. The main purpose of the normative level of the model of continuity management of preschool and primary school education is to determine the legal framework and develop local documents on continuity management. The technological level of the model of continuity management of preschool and primary school education is represented by the organizational structure of continuity management of preschool and primary school education and areas of continuity of preschool and primary school education. The effective level of the model is the end result – the creation of a model of a preschool graduate and a model of a primary school graduate. The result is an embodied goal that more or less coincides with the corresponding pattern.
It is emphasized that in the process of modeling and direct construction of the model the following principles were used: multivector influence on the system, system-structural analysis, level approach, sequence and logic of the main stages of search, specificity, expediency of selected methods, integrity and completeness of processes. It is noted that maintaining continuity, the preschool institution and the school should conduct educational activities jointly and systematically – the entire teaching staff. It is emphasized that only by uniting the efforts of pedagogical staff of preschool and primary schools, as well as with the support of the parent community, it is possible to ensure a psychologically balanced and successful transition for the child from the previous level of education to the next.
GENERAL THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF FORMATION OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF THE HEAD OF THE INSTITUTION OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION IN THE PROCESS OF SELF-EDUCATION
Authors: BOLSHAIA O. 
Published: April 2021

The article considers the basics of formation of communicative competence for heads of general secondary education institutions in the process of self-education. The article also confirms the necessity of self-improvement and development for the work of educational managers.
The author notes that the meaning of self-education is to meet the cognitive activity and the need of the leader in self-realization through continuing education. The content of self-education is to master the technique and culture of mental work with the ability to overcome problems and work independently on personal professional self-improvement.
The process of self-education and its management in its structure consists of several successive stages, the basis of which is related to the preparation, implementation and receipt of the results of their activities. The main stages are determining the purpose of the activity and formulating priorities, collecting all information about the state of the object of management, defining tasks for general work, programming and forecasting, organization and correction, analysis of the effectiveness of what has been done.
The main principles of self-education are: continuity, purposefulness, integration, general and professional culture, interconnection and continuity, creativity and variability, etc.
The content of individual self-education of the manager includes systematic and continuous research of scientific, popular science, educational, artistic and other literature. Opportunity to directly participate in the functioning of school, district, regional, state and interstate methodological associations, webinars, conferences, pedagogical readings, development of individual problems and non-standard quick solution.
HE INTELLECTUAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE MASTER'S DEGREE AS A CONTEXT OF PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE FUTURE MANAGER
Authors: VAZHENINA I. , ZUB O. 
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the specifics of the master's degree as an environment that promotes intellectual development and personal and professional development of the future specialist in the field of management.
The opinion is substantiated that the master's degree should prepare a specialist, not only competent in the chosen field, but also able to grow in the process of professional activity on the basis of self-analysis, self-design, self-organization. These skills need to be formed in him not only by means of teaching, but also by extracurricular communication, involvement in scientific activity of teachers of the department and scientists in the field as a whole. It makes sense to talk about the intellectual environment of the master's degree as a context of such formation, which requires a number of conditions for its effectiveness (the presence of a broad scientific context of educational activities and the department, which is sufficiently covered in the media, Internet resources, has adequate opportunities to carry out such activities, emphasizing the value attitude to personal and professional development of students, their intellectual enrichment on the background of the tasks of all forms of educational work provided by the educational and professional program, the use of innovative technologies to expand teacher-student interaction in educational and extracurricular activities. allows for more focused on personal and professional development of the student communication; monitoring the growth of opportunities for future students as a subject of personal and professional self-development). We see the disclosure of their detailed content and means of implementation as a promising area of ​​our further research.