bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of low NOx and CO2 emission novel biodiesels on direct injection CI Engine
Authors: Kasiraman G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this experimental study an attempt is made to find out a biodiesel, whose NOx and CO2 emissions are less and encouraging. Vegetable oils namely Babul oil (Acacia Arabica), Tung Oil (Aleurites fordii) and Grape seed oil (vitis vinifera) were transesterified to reduce their viscosity. These biodiesels were studied as fuel in direct injection 3.7 kW, 1500 rpm with electrical resistance loading. Experiments were conducted at constant speed of 1500 rpm at different percentages of full load of the engine. Out of these three, Grape seed oil methyl ester (GSME) has its performance closer to that of diesel fuel followed by Babul Oil Methyl Ester (BOME) and Tung Oil Methyl Ester (TOME). The brake thermal efficiency of GSME is marginally lower than that of Diesel at full load. The CO2 emissions of these biodiesels were 13%, 17% and 29% lower than that of diesel fuel emissions at full load for BOME, GSME and TOME respectively. The NOx emissions of BOME and TOME were lower by 22% and 27% lower than that of diesel fuel. However the smoke emissions are higher than that of pure diesel operation of the engine.
A Comparative Study on Seismic Analysis of Diagrid and Hexagrid Structural Systems
Authors: Sindhu Nachiar S , Anandh S , Mohamed Anas A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this present era of population growth and scarcity of available land made engineers and architects to construct high rise building. Lateral loads are considered as most dominant factor in construction of high-rise building. To improve the efficiency of high-rise building, a new structural systems like diagrid and hexa-grid is introduced in this study. Diagrid structural system is the one which resist lateral load by presence of inclined columns in the periphery of the building. Another structural systems like hexa-grid also introduced in this study. Hexa-grid is the presence of hexagonal truss angulated system in the periphery of the building. Like diagrid, hexa-grid also resists lateral load and vertical load by axial action of diagonal and horizontal components in the periphery of the structure. In diagrid and hexa-grid most of the conventional columns are eliminated. In this paper a regular square floor plan of 48 × 48 m and irregular floor plan like C and L type base plan of diagrid and hexa-grid are studied. All structural steel members are designed as per IS 800:2007. The design earthquake load is computed based on the zone factor and their soil types, importance factor and response reduction factor as per IS: 1893-2016. All models are having same 40 storey height and they are compared based on the parameters like displacement, maximum storey drift, storey shear, maximum base shear and steel consumed are considered in this study.
A Review On Utilization Of Waste Glass In Construction Field
Authors: Gowtham R , Manikanda Prabhu S , Gowtham M , Ramasubramani R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The concrete production has a huge demand in aggregate and clay (bricks) source. In the year 2015, 48.3 billion tonnes of aggregates are utilized as construction material globally per year in which 2.2 billion tonnes of aggregates were used in India. To overcome the demand of aggregate glass waste materials can be used as alternate construction material. In the year 2019, 21 billion tonnes of glass waste has been produced in India out of which only 45% is recycled, which shows that there is a need for proper procurement and management of waste glass. This review illustrate about utilization of waste glass in construction material such as blocks. The main aim of the study is to gain knowledge about the mechanical properties and physical properties of the blocks and other products produced with waste glass, to reduce the waste glass in landfill by producing sustainable construction material and to overcome the demand of aggregates and clay.
Amassing of Cold Thermal Energy by Utilizing Phase Shift Material: A Review
Authors: Chandrasekaran P , Sivakumar B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Storing of cold energy is a predominant area in the cold thermal energy storage system in which the PCM plays a major role in hosting this energy storage process. This study fetches an encyclopedic review based on the current and erstwhile research in the field of cold energy storage using PCM. This dissertation provides an expansive view of the PCM solidification with the methodology of reducing the sub-cooling with the ramping up of heat flow rate besides of variegated nano-particulate and with protrusions. The effect of the fill volume of PCM in solidification is also delineated and how the size and material of PCM containment plays a role in solidification is also scrutinized and eventually, the application area of PCM cold storage is also explored.
Performance Evaluation of Community Based Solar PV System
Authors: Varun M , Akshai K.N.B. , Manikandan S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Building an energy system for an individual household can require high capital and also the replacement and maintenance of such system can be a tedious work. To reduce such kind of stress on an individual, we propose a small power production system for a community. In doing so we will be able to limit the power dependency on the grid. This kind of system is heavily depended on the Battery as the solar panel that generate the power will be in a central place that belongs to the whole group of people. The batteries of individual household will be charged in the central station and the excess of energy will be sent to the grid. A DC system line is also introduced to reduce the system complexity. The Common Solar panel system consist of the Solar Panel, structure, battery charging station and an inverter with grid synchronization. The above-mentioned solar structure products require maintenance and continuous monitoring, thus reducing the initial capital cost that has to invested by an individual. The individual’s capital investment will mainly revolve around the batteries and the DC system, which means the invested cost is almost halved from owning an independent solar panel system.
Value Added Bioethanol Fuel from Waste Decayed Manilkara Zapota Fruit
Authors: Sathish Kumar R. , Sureshkumar K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this research work, it was attempted to give value addition to the waste decayed Manilkara Zapota fruit by producing bioethanol from it. Manilkara Zapota fruit wastes were taken as a substrate for the microorganism (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to grow under a controlled environment in order to facilitate the fermentation process. The temperature of fermentation process was maintained at 37°C with the help of biological oxygen demand incubator for 72 hrs. Once the fermentation process was over the bio-ethanol was extracted by distillation process at the temperature of 72°C. The purity of the produced ethanol was identified using infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The physicochemical properties such as density, pH, molecular weight, octane number, flash point, freezing point and autoignition temperature were measured. The yield of bio-ethanol from decayed Manilkara Zapota fruits was found to be 10.45% (w/v). The GC-MS results infer that the purity of ethanol obtained in the sample is 99.09%.
Simultaneous reduction of nitric oxide and smoke emissions in a jatropha biodiesel fuelled CI engine with water emulsion
Authors: Rajasekar V , Prabhu C , Prakash T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aiming towards mitigating the pervasive effect of the fossil fuel and its environmental pollution crisis, the present work aims to decrease nitric oxide and smoke emissions simultaneously using water emulsion in a jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) fuelled compression ignition (CI) engine. Biodiesel derived from biomass is the viable alternate fuel due to its availability and renewable nature. JOME is derived from jatropha oil through tranesterification process and emulsified with water in the ratio of 5%, 10% and 15%. Tests were carried out in a one cylinder, liquid cooled, direct injection (DI) engine delivering 5.2 kW at full load. Results indicate a significant reduction in NO and smoke release with water emulsion at all loads. With JOME85+W15, NO emission decreases by 21.1% and 23.9% compred to diesel and JOME respectively at maximum load. with JOME85+W15, smoke emission decreases by 15.8% and 5.5% compred to diesel and JOME respectively at maximum load. However increasing the quantity of water in the emulsion decreases the brake thermal efficiency (BTE), in-cylinder pressure and net heat release rate (NHR).
Analysis of various NACA airfoil and fabrication of wind tunnel to test the scaled-down model of an airfoil
Authors: Krishna M , Thanigaivelan V , Silkson john J , Joshua A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Airfoil design is a major facet of aerodynamics. Various airfoils serve different flight regimes. Asymmetric aero foils can generate lift at zero angle of attack, while a symmetric aero foils exhibit no lift at the same case. The design of the Airfoil has a great influence in the lift provided to an aircraft and the thrust required to make the lift take place. The geometry design of the airfoil is carried through Design Modeler. The analysis work of the airfoil is carried using Ansys Fluent. The coefficient of lift and drag are calculated through constant density throughout the section.
Analysis of Aerodynamic Hysteresis in Echelon formation
Authors: Gunasekaran M. , Mukherjee Rinku 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work is based on the vortex lattice method using a “decambering” approach, which accounts for flow separation and makes the separated flow to follow viscous flow condition at high angles of attack over the airfoil and 3D wings. This method used to study the aerodynamic hysteresis of two wings configuration at near stall and post-stall flow conditions. The hysteresis of different data and their effect have been studied. The effect of shifting stall due to presence of hysteresis for forward and backward flow regimes also has been reported.
The Effect of Nucleation on DI-Water Based Phase Change Material for Cool Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Sundaram P. , Harisudhan T. , Pavithran K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This report addresses the study on nucleating effects of DI – water based phase change material by adding salt hydrate like a Sodium chloride, Magnesium chloride and Calcium chloride. DI-water is selected as base PCM in which nucleating agents are added in concentration of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 Wt.% to study the solidification characteristics of the PCM. The samples are prepared with the help of magnetic stirring and ultra-sonification process which ensures that the nucleating agents are completely dissolved in the base PCM. An experimental trail is carried out with surrounding heat transfer fluid temperature of -7°C and the solidification history is generated for all PCM samples. From the observation it can be concluded that NaCl 0.9 Wt.%, MgCl2 0.6 Wt.% and CaCl2 0.6 Wt.% shows a significant reduction of supercooling degree. Only NaCl of 0.9 Wt.% shows a reduction of 91.32% in supercooling degree with least increase of 6.73% in solidification time. Thus, Phase change materials proves to be effective in eliminating the discrepancy between demand and supply during peak hour by storing energy during non-peak hours and retrieving when demanded. Thus, it can be used to reduce power consumption during peak hour’s demand and reduce the effects on environment.
Effect of Kerosene and Methanol Blending with Pongamia Pinnata Biodiesel on Diesel Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics
Authors: Kumar R. Sathish , Rajaraman R. , Nadanakumar V. , Paul R. Christu , Ganesan S. , Sathyamurthy Ravishankar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this present work, a novel blend of biodiesel is used to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of an unmodified diesel engine. Pongamia Pinnata is used to extract oil and transesterification process is done to reduce its viscosity. Different fuel blends were prepared using biodiesel which includes D20 blend with diesel, K20 blend with Kerosene and M20 blend with Methanol, the fuel prepared were used in the engine to analyse the performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The results were compared with the standard fuel mineral diesel. A considerable increase in brake thermal efficiency is observed for D20 blend. The blend K20 shows considerable improvement in the performance as well as reduction in the emission when compared to all other fuels.
The state of art review on thermal management techniques for the thermoelectric cooler
Authors: Krishna N. Vijay , Manikandan S. , Selvam C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The usage of renewable energy sources and reducing the usage of fossil fuels are important to improve the quality of life and environment. Thermoelectric devices are direct energy conversion devices, which can be used for power generation, heat and cooling applications. Thermoelectric devices can be integrated with solar thermal systems, solar photovoltaic systems and waste heat recovery systems etc. to produce electrical energy and cooling effect. This article presents the state of art review on the thermal management techniques for thermoelectric cooler. The thermal management on TEC will improve the thermal performance of cooling power and Coefficient of performance.
A Study on flow boiling characteristics in a minichannel and conventional channel
Authors: Jeyaraj Thavamani , Pankaj Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The flow boiling characteristics of minichannel and conventional have been evaluated for the various mass flux and heat flux. The impact of channels heat transfer analysis was carried out by mixture model (MM) of ANSYS Fluent by using water as a working fluid. The aim of this paper to find the better heat transfer in the channels at a different range of mass flow rates (0.020kg/s to 0.040 kg/s) and heat fluxes (1000 W/m2 to 2000W/m2). The analysis was explained with help of output parameters like vapour fraction, heat transfer coefficient, evaporative thin film thickness, temperature difference in channel wall side and film water temperature side, Nusselt number and friction factor. The validation was done with the help of the previous paper. It was observed that friction factor is calculated for various mass flow rate in channels, is lower from smaller diameter pipe but heat transfer is more for the case of bigger diameter. The minimum mass flow rate increases the wall surface temperature as well as high heat flux increase the channel wall temperature. The 4 mm conventional channel is better heat transfer rate compared to 3 mm minichannel.
Experimental Investigations On Mechanical And Durability Properties Of Blended Concrete
Authors: Rama Krishna N. , Srinivasa Rao A. , Sasidhar C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Concrete is extensively used as a building material due to its low cost and versatility. We are expecting better results in the current construction scenario in a short time and to finish the work fast. So instead of using ordinary Portland cement here we use specially graded cement OPC 53-S cement which not only gives early age strength but also resists durability in addition to controlling the pollution emitted by cement manufacturing, we use GGBS as cementitious material which is a waste product from steel and iron manufacturing. Since GGBS setting time is slow, the OPC 53-S cement is used to compensate it. This project aims to know the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, size effect, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength and durability properties of concrete such as Sorpitivity, water absorption and carbonation by replacing GGBS in cement at different percentage (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) levels by testing at different (3,7,14,28,56 and 90 days) age of concrete. And to know the micro structural and crystalline properties of (7 and 28 days) age of concrete by means of X-ray diffraction test.
Understanding Short Text Through Lexical Semantic Analysis
Authors: Shobana J. , Amutha S. , Murali M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Information of quick texts is crucial for many packages however there are many demanding situations. First, the fast texts do not constantly look at a written language’s syntax. As a end result, traditional natural language processing gear cannot be without problems applied, ranging from element-of-talk tagging to dependency parsing. second, brief texts usually do now not incorporate sufficient statistical signals to help a few of the state of play Thirdly, short texts are greater ambiguous land noisier, land are generated in a big quantity, which further will increase the problem of coping with them. We argue that semantic knowledge is important for better understanding of brief texts. on this paintings, we build a prototype gadget for short text expertise that takes advantage of semantic expertise furnished by using a famous know-how base and harvests it automatically Our methods for responsibilities which includes text segmentation, component-of-speech tagging, and idea labeling, inside the feel that during these kind of duties we awareness on semantic. We perform a complete evaluation of the overall performance on actual-existence facts. The outcomes display that semantic information is critical for the understanding of quick texts and our information-intensive technique.
Role of non metallic Nano additive in the behavior of a diesel engine fueled with blends of Waste plastic oil
Authors: Sachuthananthan B. , Vinoth R. , Reddy D. Raghurami , Reddy K. Harshavardhan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study analyze about the efficiency improvement and emission reduction of a 4 stroke mono cylinder diesel engine fueled by 20 % by volume mixture of Waste Plastic Oil (WPO) blended with 80 % diesel and different proportion of non metallic nano additive. WPO was extracted through the pyrolysis process using plastic wastes collected from near by areas. Nano additives made from rice husk was blended @ 25ppm, 50ppm, 75ppm and 100ppm. The fuel mixture was tested for its stability and later used in diesel engine for performance, emission and combustion characters. Result indicate that for W20 mixture without additives revealed 3.5 % drop in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased by 5.7 % at a full load condition when equated with diesel. With the blending of Non metallic Nano additives (NA), the BTE increased by 2.6 % and fuel consumption reduces by 3.1% for the W20NA75 blend when compared to other blends. Emissions parameters like hydrocarbon (HC), carbonmonoxide (CO) and smoke opacity reduced by 15.3%, 7%, and 20.4% respectively with rise in oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission by 14.1% when equated to diesel at maximum load condition. It can be concluded that 75ppm rice husk nanoparticles added with W20 blend helped to rise the efficiency characters and reduces engine out pollutants of a CI engine.
A Review on Performance Enhancement of Solar Drying Systems
Authors: Sudhakar P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Solar thermal technology is emerging as a promising alternative in fulfilling the global energy requirement. Solar dryers, utilising the power of solar energy, are rapidly gaining global acceptance in the drying of agricultural products as a potential substitute for natural and fossil fuels. Fluctuation and non-availability of solar irradiation is the major challenge faced by solar dryers. This setback can be alleviated by capturing the sun’s energy during peak radiation time and later using it during inadequate radiation times or during night times. Solar dryers with thermal energy storage systems offer optimum steady state temperature (45 - 75°C) for drying of agricultural produces. Besides exhibiting reduced drying rate, these storage units extend the drying time of the solar dryer system during late evening hours. As PCM plays a vital role in enhancing the performance of solar drying systems, this paper attempts to present a summary of investigations of solar drying systems integrated with phase changing materials as latent heat storage for drying of agricultural products.
Transient Convective Heating Transport of the Micropolar Fluid Flow Between Asymmetric Channel with Activation Energy
Authors: Prakash D. , Saraswathy M. , Kumar Santosh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Here modelling and computations are presented to introduce the concept of activation energy involved in the micropolar fluid between the porous vertical channel with the boundary conditions of third kind. The fluid is considered to be gray, absorbing-emitting but non scattering medium. The resulting system of equations are solved numerically by Crank-Nicolson implicit finite difference method. The effect of various physical parameter such as activation energy, micropolar parameter, reaction rate, Reynolds number, Schmidt number, heat and mass transfer Biot numbers on the velocity, temperature and concentration field are discussed by means of pictorial representation.
Analytical Study of Elevated Service Reservoir with Water Baffles Under Seismic Loading
Authors: Pradeep S , Anuwar Husain S , Ansari K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Around the world earthquakes occur often causing some serious damages to property and life. Earthquakes weaken the structure and cause it to fail suddenly. Elevated Water tanks are such structures which have heavier mass suspended at a height supported on slender staging. When earthquake is induced in the tanks, it generates wave sloshing, the motion of the water induced due to seismic excitation. This sloshing of the water inside the tank will move in relative direction the seismic excitation causing structural instability. The water inside the tank will also act as tuned liquid mass damper and absorbs most of the energy created during seismic excitation. In this paper we have analysed various arrangement of baffle walls inside the tank in order to determine the stresses and displacements induced by the sloshing motion of the water tank. The water inside the tank will also act as tuned liquid mass damper where it will reduce the energy generated due to seismic excitation. During sloshing motion, there is an increase in lateral pressure applied over the tank walls which has adverse effect on the displacement of the system. The displacement of the system increases due to sloshing activity. By providing baffle walls we can reduce this displacement induced due to sloshing and thereby reduce the stresses generated on the supporting structure. From this analytical work the latter said was very evident.