bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic study of energy transfer in collisions between vibrational excited H2 and CO2
Authors: Qin Chu , Zhao Xiaofang , Wang Shuying , Shen Yifan 
Published: December 2024

The collisional energy transfer between vibrational excited H2(1, 7) and CO2 was investigated by exciting H2 to a vibrational excited state of v = 1, J = 7 by the stimulated Raman scattering technique. The coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) technique determined that H2 was excited to the H2(1, 7) state. Varying the cuvette temperature, the number of H2(1, 7) particles was found to increase with the increase in H2 molar ratio α by scanning the intensity of the CARS spectrum, with peaks at different α at a temperature of 363 ± 15 K, but the peak temperature was not sensitive to α. Scanning CARS spectra after H2 collisions yielded that the energies of the excited states of H2 were mainly distributed in the vibrational and translational states, proving that the collisions between the excited states of H2 were linear collisions. The collisional transfer rate coefficients of H2(1, 7) and CO2 were obtained by fitting the Stern–Volmer equation as kv(H2) = (2.89 ± 0.30) × 10−13 cm3 s−1 and kv(CO2) = (8.23 ± 0.42) × 10−13 cm3 s−1. Exciting H2 to different states, it was found that the collisional transfer rate coefficient of CO2 was less affected by the energy of the vibrational excited H2. The rotational temperature was obtained from the Boltzmann distribution of the rotational dynamics, and it was found that the rotational temperature of CO2(0000, J) was about 3.4 times higher than that of CO2(0001, J), which proved that the energy of the vibrational excited H2 was mainly allocated to the higher rotational state of CO2(0000).
Magnetic flux transitions in two-band single-junction superconductors with time-reversal symmetry breaking
Authors: Wang 王 Guo 果 , Han 韩 Tian-Yi 天意 , Huang 黄 Hai 海 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Based on Ginzburg–Landau theory, we investigate the electromagnetic properties of two-band superconductors with broken time-reversal symmetry. We propose an apparatus of a superconducting ring integrated with a microbridge structure to probe the peculiar topological excitations in the chiral system. The phase difference of two order parameters in the superconductor satisfies the double sine-Gordon equation, and a linear relationship between the phase difference at the two ends of the junction and the total magnetic flux in the ring can be obtained. Then with the Josephson current–phase relation, we establish the dependence of the circulating current and magnetic flux on the applied external magnetic field. Our results show that this single-junction system will exhibit the irreversible behaviors and two different types of fractional flux transitions can clearly manifest the time-reversal symmetry breaking in two-component superconductors.
Possible coexistence of superconductivity and topological electronic states in 1T-RhSeTe
Authors: Zhang 张 Tengdong 腾东 , Fan 樊 Rui 睿 , Gao 高 Yan 炎 , Wu 吴 Yanling 艳玲 , Xu 徐 Xiaodan 晓丹 , Yao 姚 Dao-Xin 道新 , Li 李 Jun 军 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), exhibit a range of crystal structures and topological quantum states. The 1T phase, in particular, shows promise for superconductivity driven by electron–phonon coupling (EPC), strain, pressure, and chemical doping. In this theoretical investigation, we explore 1T-RhSeTe as a novel type of TMD superconductor with topological electronic states. The optimal doping structure and atomic arrangement of 1T-RhSeTe are constructed. Phonon spectrum calculations validate the integrity of the constructed doping structure. The analysis of the electron–phonon coupling using the electron–phonon Wannier (EPW) method has confirmed the existence of a robust electron–phonon interaction in 1T-RhSeTe, resulting in total EPC constant λ = 2.02, the logarithmic average frequency ω
log = 3.15 meV and T
c = 4.61 K, consistent with experimental measurements and indicative of its classification as a BCS superconductor. The band structure analysis revealed the presence of Dirac-like band crossing points. The topological non-trivial electronic structures of the 1T-RhSeTe are confirmed via the evolution of Wannier charge centers (WCCs) and time-reversal symmetry-protected topological surface states (TSSs). These distinctive properties underscore 1T-RhSeTe as a possible candidate for a topological superconductor, warranting further investigation into its potential implications and applications.
An adjustment-free laser resonator based on micron-scale corner cube array
Authors: Chang 常 Pengyuan 鹏媛 , Huang 黄 Xinrong 欣荣 , Fu 傅 Caolei 曹雷 , Liu 刘 Aiping 爱萍 , Pan 潘 Duo 多 , Wang 王 Zhiyang 志洋 , Chen 陈 Jingbiao 景标 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The topic of improving the mechanical stability of external cavity diode lasers (ECDLs) has recently attracted widespread attention and interest. The use of corner-cube-array (CCA)-based resonators provides a potential solution for this purpose, although continuous oscillation at super large incident angle remains challenging. In this work, we employ the CCA resonator to generate continuous oscillation within ±20° angular misalignment of cavity mirror in experiment. On the basis of retroreflection theory, the retroreflectivity of a CCA is analyzed by using optical simulation software. Notably, the experiment verifies the advantage of using a CCA over a plane mirror in laser resonator, thereby providing a promising approach for ECDLs. The threshold characteristic curves measured at different incident angles in the experiment verify that the CCA possesses an obvious anti-angle misalignment performance. This research introduces an alternative solution of using CCA resonator instead of parallel plane cavity, thereby realizing an adjustment-free ECDL with enhanced mechanical stability.
Experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of Al6061-TiB2-fly ash reinforced monolithic and hybrid composites
Authors: Nithesh K , B M Karthik , Sharma Sathyashankara , Anne Gajanan , Hegde Ananda 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the mechanical properties of Al6061-TiB2-fly ash reinforced monolithic and hybrid composites, fabricated using the stir casting technique. The experiment involved the preparation of both monolithic composites by varying TiB2 (3–6 wt%) and hybrid composites by varying TiB2 (1–3 wt%) and fly ash (3–5 wt%) within the Al6061 matrix. Preheated reinforcement particles were introduced to the matrix alloy under controlled stirring conditions to ensure proper dispersion. Mechanical testing was conducted on the fabricated composites to evaluate their hardness and tensile strength. The results indicate that the hybrid composites exhibit superior mechanical properties compared to the base Al6061 alloy and the monolithic composites. The hardness of the hybrid composites A1T3F (Al6061 + 1%TiB2 + 3% fly ash) and A3T5F (Al6061 + 3%TiB2 + 5% fly ash) were significantly improved, reaching 134 HV and 146 HV, respectively, compared to 74 HV for the base alloy. The tensile strength of the hybrid composites also exceeded that of the monolithic composites, demonstrating the synergistic reinforcement effect of TiB2 and fly ash. However, attempts to incorporate higher levels of reinforcement (TiB2 5% and fly ash 7%) were unsuccessful due to agglomeration issues. The results indicate that the hybrid composites provide a cost-effective solution with enhanced mechanical properties, making them a more economical and efficient alternative to monolithic composites reinforced solely with TiB2.
New players, same problems: Michael Lee-Chin v Dominican Republic, and the rising tide of inconsistency in South–South ISDS
Authors: Haynes Jason 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article provides a critical analysis of the Michael Lee-Chin v Dominican Republic arbitral award, highlighting its problematic reasoning and inconsistencies. Despite being a rare South–South investment dispute, the case demonstrates many of the same shortcomings criticized in North–South arbitrations. The tribunal’s expansive interpretation of investor protections, particularly regarding fair and equitable treatment and the umbrella clause, raises concerns about potential overreach. Most troublingly, the tribunal’s restrictive approach to the national security exception imposes a high threshold that may undermine states’ ability to respond to genuine environmental and public health crises. The award stands in stark contrast to the more balanced approach adopted in the recent Seda v Colombia case. By exposing these issues, the article argues that the problems plaguing investment arbitration are not merely a product of North–South power dynamics, but are deeply entrenched in how investment treaties are interpreted and applied. It calls for a fundamental reassessment of investment treaty interpretation that gives due weight to state regulatory space and public interest concerns, regardless of the geographical context of the dispute.
STNGS: a deep scaffold learning-driven generation and screening framework for discovering potential novel psychoactive substances
Authors: Liu Dongping , Liu Dinghao , Sheng Kewei , Cheng Zhenyong , Liu Zixuan , Qiao Yanling , Cai Shangxuan , Li Yulong , Wang Jubo , Chen Hongyang , Hu Chi , Xu Peng , Di Bin , Liao Jun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The supervision of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) is a global problem, and the regulation of NPSs was heavily relied on identifying structural matches in established NPSs databases. However, violators could circumvent legal oversight by altering the side chain structure of recognized NPSs and the existing methods cannot overcome the inaccuracy and lag of supervision. In this study, we propose a scaffold and transformer-based NPS generation and Screening (STNGS) framework to systematically identify and evaluate potential NPSs. A scaffold-based generative model and a rank function with four parts are contained by our framework. Our generative model shows excellent performance in the design and optimization of general molecules and NPS-like molecules by chemical space analysis and property distribution analysis. The rank function includes synthetic accessibility score and frequency score, as well as confidence score and affinity score evaluated by a neural network, which enables the precise positioning of potential NPSs. Applied STNGS framework with molecular docking and a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation-based sensor (GRAB), we successfully identify three novel synthetic cannabinoids with activity. STNGS constrains the chemical space to generate NPS-like molecules database with diversity and novelty, which assists in the ex-ante regulation of NPSs.
Histologic and Endoscopic Findings Are Highly Correlated in a Prospective Cohort of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Di Vincenzo Federica , Quintero Maria A , Serigado Joao M , Koru-Sengul Tulay , Killian Rose Marie , Poveda Julio , England Jonathan , Damas Oriana , Kerman David , Deshpande Amar , Abreu Maria T 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
The advantages of endoscopic vs histologic assessments of inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease remain unclear. We compared endoscopic and histologic inflammation in a prospective cohort. Furthermore, in patients with discordant findings, we compared the ability of endoscopy vs histology to predict disease course.

Methods
Ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) patients underwent routine colonoscopies with intestinal biopsies, which included ratings of inflammation severity. Tetrachoric correlation analysis between the endoscopic and histologic inflammation ratings was performed. In postsurgical CD patients, major adverse outcomes (MAOs) were recorded.

Results
The analysis included 749 patients (60.2% CD patients), with 2807 biopsied segments. We found high concordance between endoscopist and pathologist inflammation ratings (0.84, 95% confidence interval, 0.81-0.87, p &lt; 0.0001). Only 12.5% of biopsied segments exhibited microscopic inflammation without endoscopic inflammation. Neo-terminal ileum (neo-TI) biopsies exhibited the highest discordance; UC colonic biopsies had the highest concordance. Postsurgical CD patients who completed the 48-month follow-up (n = 138) were included in the survival analysis. The probability of MAO-free survival was significantly higher in patients with a Rutgeerts score of i0 at baseline than in those with higher scores. Microscopic inflammation in the neo-TI did not predict a higher risk of MAOs (p = 1.00).

Conclusions
In a real-world setting, endoscopic inflammation predicted histologic inflammation with high accuracy. In patients with a Rutgeerts score of i0, microscopic inflammation in neo-TI biopsies did not predict more aggressive disease behavior over the next 4 years. These results have implications for the design of clinical trials, suggesting the use of endoscopic healing as an endpoint.
Potential of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates to manage Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae populations
Authors: Jordan Carolina , de Carvalho Vanessa Rafaela , Horta André Ballerini , Lemos Manoel Victor Franco , Barbosa Rodrigues Jardel Diego , Passos José Raimundo de Souza , Domingues Maurício Magalhães , Zanuncio José Cola , Wilcken Carlos Frederico 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The growing expansion of eucalyptus plantations in Brazil and the impact of exotic pests, such as Gonipterus platensis, demand effective, and sustainable biological control strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the pathogenicity of 10 Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) isolates to neonate Gonipterus platensis larvae, commonly known as the eucalyptus weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) with the specific focus of evaluating their potential to manage this pest while preserving its egg parasitoid, Anaphes nitens. To achieve this, the genomic DNA of the 10 Bt isolates was extracted using the thermal lysis method for molecular characterization of their Cry and Vip proteins. Neonate G. platensis larvae were subjected to bioassays with each isolate, at a concentration of 1 × 109 spores/ml, was applied on 10 larvae per replication (3 replications). The concentration and lethal time to kill 50% of the larvae were determined for the most effective isolates. The Bt isolates 107 and 178 isolates even at concentrations 10× lower than those recommended for commercial Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis (Btt) formulations against Coleoptera pests, achieved 100% mortality of G. platensis larvae. These isolates, with coleopteran-specific genes, caused high mortality of neonate Gonipterus platensis larvae. This indicates their potential for the biological control of this pest and maybe of other Coleoptera pests. Their use poses minimal risk to non-target organisms such as the egg parasitoid A. nitens and indicates a promising avenue for integrated pest management strategies with effective pest control while preserving the ecological balance.
Vein watershed analysis locational method versus computed tomography-guided percutaneous localization for detecting non-palpable peripheral pulmonary nodules: a real-world study of non-inferiority
Authors: Huang Chen , Chen Zi-Hao , Peng Li-Shan , Zhang Jia-Tao , Lin Jun-Tao , Zhang Sheng , Yang Jie , Jiang Ben-Yuan , Yang Xue-Ning , Zhong Wen-Zhao , Nie Qiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In recent years, with the advancement of sublobar resection, a safe, painless method for locating peripheral pulmonary nodules was needed. Previously, an alternative method of arterial watershed localization was introduced to remedy the shortcomings of preoperative computed tomography (CT)-guided localization or other methods for locating pulmonary nodules, but its technical limitations were discovered during clinical applications. Therefore, we developed a technique to localize non-subpleural nodules using basin analysis of the target vein and validated its feasibility and safety.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective analysis of surgical cases of pulmonary nodules smaller than 2 cm in our centre. The vein watershed locational method (V-WALM) was compared with CT-guided percutaneous puncture localization wedge dissection in terms of success rate, the mean duration of the operation, mean volume of intraoperative bleeding and median postoperative stay, mean postoperative drainage and mean drainage tube indwelling time.

RESULTS
V-WALM and CT-guided localization were used for localized resection of pulmonary nodules in 50 patients. The localization success rates were 94.0% for V-WALM and 90.0% for CT-guided localization, respectively, with no statistical difference noted. In addition, no statistical difference in patient population distribution between the 2 groups was noted. The operating time was 95.5 ± 26.4 min for V-WALM and 94.3 ± 37.5 min for CT-guided localization, with no statistical difference. Neither were there statistical differences in intraoperative bleeding, postoperative drainage and drainage tube indwelling time. The lymph node sampling rate of V-WALM was 48.0%, which was much higher than the 24% noted in the CT-guided localization group.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study demonstrate that V-WALM is a safe and feasible intraoperative localization method for peripheral lung nodules. It provides a high-precision, fast and minimally invasive approach to intraoperative localization.
Environmental sustainability—an essential component of rational use of medicines
Authors: Giunchi Valentina , Fusaroli Michele , Linder Elkanah , Villén Johanna , Raschi Emanuel , Lunghi Carlotta , Wettermark Björn , Poluzzi Elisabetta , Nekoro Marmar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Human-use medicines are introduced into surface water throughout their entire life cycle, from manufacturing and consumption to improper disposal, resulting in negative effects on aquatic flora and fauna. Sustainability approaches have addressed this issue, proposing frameworks like the One Health approach. A revised definition of the rational use of medicines has also been proposed, taking into account their environmental sustainability. Building on this updated definition, this paper presents a decision-making flowchart to integrate the assessment of the impact of human medicines on surface water, outlining existing actions and proposing new ones. These actions are categorized into those with primary clinical benefits and those focused solely on environmental concerns. They include both upstream and downstream measures, such as implementing regulations similar to those in the EU and the USA, educating future healthcare practitioners, promoting green pharmacy innovations, and establishing proper disposal practices.
Effect of feeding high oleic soybean oil to finishing pigs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality
Authors: Atoo Ashir F , Levesque Crystal L , Thaler Robert , Underwood Keith , Beyer Erin , Perez-Palencia Jorge Y 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary fat source and feeding duration on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of 450, 21-wk-old finishing pigs with an average body weight of 113.7 ± 8 kg were housed in 90 pens assigned to one of five dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial design. Dietary treatments consisted of two fat sources (CWG: 4% inclusion of choice white grease and HOSO: 4% inclusion of high oleic soybean oil) each provided 2 or 4 wk before marketing. The “+1” diet was corn-based without fat inclusion (CON). Observations included growth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acid (FA) profile, and sensory evaluation. Data was analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS considering dietary treatment as a main effect, feeding duration, and their interactions. Preplanned contrasts were used to compare dietary treatments with the control. From day 14 to 28 and the overall experimental period (day 0–28), pigs fed fat-supplemented diets had a greater (P &lt; 0.05) average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio than CON-fed pigs. There was no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in growth performance when comparing fat sources or feeding periods. Pigs supplemented with either CWG or HOSO showed a tendency to have a greater (P &lt; 0.10) belly weight and belly yield, and a lesser (P &lt; 0.10) loin yield and loin muscle area when compared with CON pigs. The loin from pigs fed fat sources had greater (P &lt; 0.05) oleic acid and eicosenoic acid concentration when compared with CON. When CWG was compared with HOSO, pigs fed CWG had a higher (P &lt; 0.05) concentration of palmitic acid and stearic acid, while the HOSO pigs had a higher concentration of oleic acid and linolenic acid in the loin. In the belly, CON had a higher (P &lt; 0.05) concentration of palmitic acid and stearic acid compared to HOSO, while pigs fed fat sources had a higher concentration of oleic acid and eicosenoic acid. Bellies from HOSO had higher (P &lt; 0.05) oleic acid and α-linolenic acid methyl ester concentrations, while CWG had higher concentrations of g-linolenic acid. For the sensory evaluation, the palatability and acceptability of pork were not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by dietary treatments. In conclusion, supplementation with HOSO not only improved performance but tended to improve some carcass characteristics and increased the concentration of oleic acid, and some other unsaturated FA with a concomitant decrease in the concentration of some saturated FA in pork.
Temperature effect on the efficacy of 3 entomopathogenic nematode isolates against larvae of the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Karanastasi Eirini , Nikorezou Anna , Stamouli Maria , Skourti Anna , Boukouvala Maria C , Kavallieratos Nickolas G 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), an important insect pest of stored-product commodities and poultry production systems, is regarded among the most difficult species to control. It has developed resistance to many chemical insecticides, and though various cultural and biological methods have been assessed and identified as possible factors for its control, none are currently implemented. Entomopathogenic nematodes are often successfully employed as alternative to chemicals biocontrol agents of various insect species, including pests of stored products; nevertheless, their evaluation as potential biocontrol factors of the lesser mealworm is not efficiently scrutinized. In the current study, single A. diaperinus larvae were exposed to six doses of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), and Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), for 4 and 8 d, and mortality was recorded at 3 different temperature regimes, i.e., 25 oC, 30 oC, and 35 oC. The study concludes that S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae are both highly virulent against A. diaperinus larvae and may be considered as promising biological control agents for reducing lesser mealworm infestations when applied at a rate of 70 IJs/cm2 at 25 oC. When assessed at 30 oC, both species were effective at the same rate though causing lower mortality of ~60% and ~50%, respectively, whereas their efficacy was low at 35 oC.