bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat and Mass Transfer in Open Evaporative Cooling System Using Various Types of Fills In Oil Industry
Authors: Kariem Dr.Nagam Obaid 
Published: May 2021

This research work is to study the performance of evaporative cooling system using new type of packing with different shapes (saddle, counter current wavy, and triangular splash) and materials (glass, thermoplastic, and resistance wood) of packing for an air –water cooling system . The basis of the installation is the evaporative cooling system,1.75 m height and 40 x 40 cm outside cross section. The fluids in this system are air which moving from the bottom to the top of cooling system (mass flow rates ranging between 0.07 and 0.18 kg/s) and the water which are moving from top to bottom of cooling evaporator ((mass flow rates ranging between 0.11 and 0.27kg/s)). The inlet water temperatures ranging
between 35 and 55oC .The packing heights were changed during the research in order to get the temperature profile and the relation of these temperatures with the other variables in the cooling system, the packing heights ranging between 35 to 140 cm. The overall volumetric heat and mass transfer coefficients and tower characteristics, were predicted as a function of the fluids flow rates.
A computer program used to solve and find the relation between the variables in the system and the functions (overall volumetric heat and mass transfer coefficients, number of transfer coefficient, the temperature variation along the tower).

The results show that :
1-At maximum air mass flow and
minimum water mass flow, the
mass transfer coefficients would
be on the maximum value and
vice-versa.
2- The thermoplastic packing was
much more efficient than glass
and wood by efficiency about 12
to 18 %. ,also the results showed
that The triangular packing was
much more efficient than wavy
and glass by efficiency about 5 to
11 %.
3-The temperatures distribution
were not constant in all layers; the temperatures distribution in the first layer were not very well, this happened because the distribution of water in the packing surface was just know happened, while in the other layers the temperature distrib-ution and profile were so good.
Predication of Oil Flow Rate through Choke at Critical Flow for Iraqi Oil Wells
Authors: Sadiq Dhefaf J. 
Published: May 2021

Before the production leaves the well head, it passes through a choke which serves to stabilize the optimum or desired flow rate against variations in flow line pressure.
In this paper, the aim is to develop new correlation to predict oil flow rate through chokes with critical flow for Iraqi oil wells. This study shows that there is a strict quantitative connection between three factors: upstream pressure, gas-oil ratio and choke size with oil flow rate at critical flow for one hundred production tests of Iraqi oil wells.
Many forms have been tried using nonlinear regression analysis to obtain the optimum form of correlation that gives minimum differences between the calculated and field data. Here, based on Iraqi oil wells data; new correlation has been developed for predicting oil flow rate through chokes at critical flow.
The proposed correlation exhibits more accuracy (only 4.523% average absolute error) than the existent correlations. The correlation coefficient of the new correlation is determined as 0.997. The cross plots of calculated and field data gives strong index of priority of new correlation for applying with Iraqi oil wells. The graphical presentation of the results of the new correlation for Iraqi oil wells states more matching with the field data that are not used in formulating the new correlation than Gilbert (1954), Baxendall (1957), Ros (1959), Achong (1961), Secen (1976), Pilehvari (1981), Osman and Dokla (1990), Owolabi, Dune and Ajienka (1991), Elgibaly and Nashawi (1996), Mesallati, Bizanti and Mansouri (2000) and Alrumah and Bizanti (2007) correlations.
Removal of Oil from Industrial Wastewater Using Organoclay Prepared From Iraqi Bentonite
Authors: Kashash Jasem Mohammed 
Published: May 2021

The present study deals with the removal of oil from wastewater by organoclay. The organoclay was prepared by combination of Iraqi bentonite with quaternary amine (hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride). The wastewater used in this study taken from the washing unit of fuel oil in the "South Baghdad Gas Power Plant". The operating conditions of batch process for removal of oil from wastewater by using the prepared organoclays were studied in details (quantity of organoclay, mixer speed and time of adsorption). Initial concentration of wastewater used in this study was within the maximum range 230-1512 mg/L. XRD and FTIR diagram of the prepared organoclay showed considered differences from those for natural bentonite which indicates the exchange of quaternary amine with Ca++ ions at the surface of bentonite. The concentration of oil in the wastewater decreased less than 10 mg/L after treatment with organoclay. Batch kinetics studies were conducted by using kinetic equations (Lagergren and Ho et al) and batch isotherm studies was conducted by using isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir and BET).
CHU SINH VÀ NHỮNG YẾU TỐ NGUY CƠ TỪ MẸ
Authors: Khu Thị Khánh Dung 
Published: May 2021

Định nghĩa giai đoạn chu sinh
Tổ chức YTTG và Hội Sản phụ khoa Canada định nghĩa giai đoạn chu sinh từ 22 tuần tuổi thai đến 7 ngày sau khi sinh. Chăm sóc bà mẹ mang thai không đầy đủ tại các nước đang phát triển sẽ dẫn đến các nguy cơ cao cho bà mẹ và trẻ em; có thể gây ra những biến chứng khi sinh cho me và trẻ sơ sinh như: bệnh não thiếu oxy (HIE), hạ đường huyết, tăng bilirrubin gián tiếp, và các nhiễm trùng nặng ...
Sistem Water Level Otomatis Berbasis Mikrokontroller Dan Sms Gateway
Authors: Safitri Liza , Prasetyo Novan 
Published: May 2021

Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman yang semakin pesat, kebutuhan akan efektifitas dan efesiensi sangat diutamakan dalam berbagai bidang. Hal tersebut telah mendorong manusia untuk berkreasi dan berinovasi dalam bidang teknologi untuk menciptakan suatu alat yang lebih efektif dan efesien. Perkembangan teknologi saat ini dapat dilihat sudah banyak alat yang diciptakan agar memberikan kemudahan pada masyarakat dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan sehari-hari. Ditambah dengan kebutuhan sistem yang semakin canggih dan makin banyak pula alat-alat komunikasi maupun alat bantu manusia yang harus kita kembangkan menjadi lebih efektif. Salah satu nya alat untuk pendeteksi air menggunakan SMS Gateway. Sistem ini dirancang dengan menggunakan Ultrasonic sensor sebagai water level dan SMS Gateway untuk memberikan pemberitahuan kepada pengguna tersebut bahwa air sudah mulai mencapai batas yang di tentukan dan arduino uno sebagai pusat kendali. Ketika air sudah mulai memasuki batasan ketinggian yang telah di tentukan maka alat ini akan berbunyi dan sms akan masuk ke pengguna dengan otomatis memberitahu bahwasannya air hampir mencapai batasan yang telah di tentukan, dan gerbang air akan terbuka otomatis.
Um olhar exploratório sobre hospitais universitários federais selecionados segundo modelos de gestão de 2012 a 2017
Authors: De Andreazzi Maria de Fátima Siliansky , Gomes Leyla Sancho , Pérez Maurício De Andrade , Azevedo Nathalie Rodrigues Pontes , D'almeida Lara Vitória Lara da Silva 
Published: May 2021

A partir de 2013, os Hospitais Universitários federais foram incentivados a aderir à Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH). Ao final de 2017 apenas quatro Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior não aderiram a essa empresa. O artigo propõe identificar e discutir mudanças dos HUs, sejam eles contratualizados ou não com a EBSERH, com a finalidade de compreender e discutir o papel dos modelos de gestão sobre recursos físicos, humanos, produção e ocupação hospitalar no período entre 2012 e 2017, em que a maioria dos contratos foram estabelecidos. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico exploratório descritivo, analítico e retrospectivo, utilizando dados secundários de bancos oficiais públicos do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Em ambos os modelos, verificou-se que houve um crescimento dos leitos complementares e número de trabalhadores e residentes junto a redução dos leitos hospitalares. Foi destacável o crescimento das internações e da taxa de ocupação em ambos os modelos de gestão. Não houve significância estatística nas médias de variação de todas as variáveis estudadas em ambos os modelos. Apenas foi verificada uma correlação negativa e significativa entre a variação da taxa de ocupação e os leitos hospitalares no conjunto dos hospitais contratualizados com a EBSERH, evidenciando que o crescimento das internações desses hospitais pode ser explicado por uma maior utilização de um menor número de leitos.
Histoire des grèves d’élèves du secondaire au Québec : démocratie et conflictualité1
Authors: Dupuis-Déri Francis 
Published: May 2021

Les élèves pratiquent la grève depuis plus d’un siècle, au Québec et ailleurs sur la planète. Une recherche dans les archives de la presse québécoise et 68 entretiens semi-dirigés ont permis de brosser un portrait − certes incomplet − des grèves d’élèves au Québec, d’en identifier les causes, les formes et surtout leur signification politique du point de vue des élèves. L’expérience de la grève leur permet d’évaluer l’intérêt politique des actions collectives autonomes et souvent de questionner le discours officiel qui réduit la « démocratie » aux élections et aux conseils d’élèves, comme le répètent en choeur le ministère de l’Éducation, l’Assemblée nationale, Élections Québec et plusieurs universitaires spécialistes de l’éducation à la citoyenneté.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of NAC genes in Brassica juncea var. tumida
Authors: Jiang Longxing , Sun Quan , Wang Yu , Chang Pingan , Kong Haohuan , Luo Changshu , He Xiaohong 
Published: May 2021

Background
NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) transcription factors play an important role in plant growth and development. However, in tumorous stem mustard (Brassica juncea var. tumida), one of the economically important crops cultivated in southwest China and some southeast Asian countries, reports on the identification of NAC family genes are lacking. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide investigation of the NAC family genes in B. juncea var. tumida, based on its recently published genome sequence data.

Methods
The NAC genes were identified in B. juncea var. tumida using the bioinformatics approach on the whole genome level. Additionally, the expression of BjuNAC genes was analyzed under high- and low-temperature stresses by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).

Results
A total of 300 BjuNAC genes were identified, of which 278 were mapped to specific chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis of B. juncea var. tumida, Brassica rapa, Brassica nigra, rice and Arabidopsis thaliana NAC proteins revealed that all NAC genes were divided into 18 subgroups. Furthermore, gene structure analysis showed that most of the NAC genes contained two or three exons. Conserved motif analysis revealed that BjuNAC genes contain a conserved NAM domain. Additionally, qRT-PCR data indicated that thirteen BjuNAC genes with a varying degree of up-regulation during high-temperature stress. Conversely, four BjuNAC genes (BjuNAC006, BjuNAC083, BjuNAC170 and BjuNAC223) were up-regulated and two BjuNAC genes (BjuNAC074 and BjuNAC295) down-regulated under low temperature, respectively. Together, the results of this study provide a strong foundation for future investigation of the biological function of NAC genes in B. juncea var. tumida.
Temporal and spatial dynamics of gastrointestinal parasite infection in Père David’s deer
Authors: Xu Shanghua , Zhang Shumiao , Hu Xiaolong , Zhang Baofeng , Yang Shuang , Hu Xin , Liu Shuqiang , Hu Defu , Bai Jiade 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) population was established from only a small number of individuals. Their genetic diversity is therefore relatively low and transmissible (parasitic) diseases affecting them merit further attention. Parasitic infections can affect the health, survival, and population development of the host. However, few reports have been published on the gastrointestinal parasites of Père David’s deer. The aims of this study were: (1) to identify the intestinal parasites groups in Père David’s deer; (2) to determine their prevalence and burden and clarify the effects of different seasons and regions on various indicators of Père David’s deer intestinal parasites; (3) to evaluate the effects of the Père David’s deer reproductive period on these parasites; (4) to reveal the regularity of the parasites in space and time.MethodsIn total, 1,345 Père David’s deer faecal samples from four regions during four seasons were tested using the flotation (saturated sodium nitrate solution) to identify parasites of different genus or group, and the McMaster technique to count the number of eggs or oocysts.ResultsFour groups of gastrointestinal parasites were found, of which strongyles were dominant; their prevalence and burden were significantly higher than other groups. Significant temporal and spatial effects on gastrointestinal parasitic infection were found. Parasite diversity, prevalence, parasite burden, and aggregation were the highest in summer. Among the four regions, parasite diversity, prevalence, and burden were the highest in the Dongting Lake area. In addition, parasite diversity and burden during the reproductive period of Père David’s deer was significantly higher than during the post-reproductive period.ConclusionsThe summer season and the reproductive period of Père David’s deer had great potential for parasite transmission, and there is a high risk of parasite outbreaks in the Dongting Lake area.
aHSCT is superior to alemtuzumab in maintaining NEDA and improving cognition in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Häußler Vivien , Ufer Friederike , Pöttgen Jana , Wolschke Christine , Friese Manuel A. , Kröger Nicolaus , Heesen Christoph , Stellmann Jan‐Patrick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveAutologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is increasingly recognized as a potential therapy for patients with highly active multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aims to assess outcome differences in disease activity in MS patients treated either with aHSCT or alemtuzumab.MethodsWe conducted a monocentric registry‐based cohort study by recording the clinical course (EDSS and relapses), MRI parameters (new T2 lesions), and neuropsychological assessment in all 19 MS patients receiving aHSCT, and all 21 patients receiving alemtuzumab between 2007 and 2018. We used survival analyses of no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) as the primary objective which was defined by no EDSS progression, no relapse, and no new T2 lesion on MRI. Secondary objectives were EDSS improvement and neurocognitive performance.ResultsBoth treatment groups were similar in respect of age, gender, disability, and neurocognitive performance except for significantly longer disease duration in the alemtuzumab group. Mean follow‐up was 58.8 [range 29–140] months in the aHSCT group compared to 27.6 [range 11–52] months in the alemtuzumab‐treated group. We observed significantly more patients maintaining NEDA in the aHSCT group (p = 0.048) compared to the alemtuzumab‐treated patients. Furthermore, 37% of the aHSCT patients showed an improvement of EDSS compared to none in the alemtuzumab‐treated group (p = 0.033). It is of note that cognitive function was significantly improved in the aHSCT‐treated patients.InterpretationaHSCT suppresses inflammatory activity more effectively than alemtuzumab and might enable improvement of overall disability and cognition in MS.
Robust adaptive control of steer‐by‐wire systems under unknown state‐dependent uncertainties
Authors: Shukla Harsh , Roy Spandan , Gupta Satyam 
Published: May 2021

SummarySteer‐by‐wire (SBW) systems are considered as one of the most significant innovations among the technologies developed for advanced driver‐assistance systems and autonomous vehicles. The main control challenge in a SBW system is to follow the steering commands in the face of parametric uncertainties and external disturbances; crucially, perturbations in inertial parameters and damping forces give rise to state‐dependent uncertainties, which cannot be bounded a priori by a constant. However, the state‐of‐the‐art control methods of SBW system rely on a priori bounded uncertainties, and thus, become inapplicable when state‐dependent dynamics become unknown. This work, to the best of the authors' knowledge for the first time, proposes an adaptive control framework that can tackle the state‐dependent uncertainties and external disturbances in a typical SBW system without any a priori knowledge of their structures and of their bounds. The stability of the closed‐loop system is studied analytically via uniformly ultimately bounded notion and the effectiveness of the proposed solution is verified via simulations against the state‐of‐the‐art solution.
Observing and Modeling the Sequential Pairwise Reactions that Drive Solid‐State Ceramic Synthesis
Authors: Miura Akira , Bartel Christopher J. , Goto Yosuke , Mizuguchi Yoshikazu , Moriyoshi Chikako , Kuroiwa Yoshihiro , Wang Yongming , Yaguchi Toshie , Shirai Manabu , Nagao Masanori , Rosero‐Navarro Nataly Carolina , Tadanaga Kiyoharu , Ceder Gerbrand , Sun Wenhao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSolid‐state synthesis from powder precursors is the primary processing route to advanced multicomponent ceramic materials. Designing reaction conditions and precursors for ceramic synthesis can be a laborious, trial‐and‐error process, as heterogeneous mixtures of precursors often evolve through a complicated series of reaction intermediates. Here, ab initio thermodynamics is used to model which pair of precursors has the most reactive interface, enabling the understanding and anticipation of which non‐equilibrium intermediates form in the early stages of a solid‐state reaction. In situ X‐ray diffraction and in situ electron microscopy are then used to observe how these initial intermediates influence phase evolution in the synthesis of the classic high‐temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O6+x (YBCO). The model developed herein rationalizes how the replacement of the traditional BaCO3 precursor with BaO2 redirects phase evolution through a low‐temperature eutectic melt, facilitating the formation of YBCO in 30 min instead of 12+ h. Precursor selection plays an important role in tuning the thermodynamics of interfacial reactions and emerges as an important design parameter in planning kinetically favorable synthesis pathways to complex ceramic materials.
Multifunctional Graphdiyne–Cerium Oxide Nanozymes Facilitate MicroRNA Delivery and Attenuate Tumor Hypoxia for Highly Efficient Radiotherapy of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Zhou Xuantong , You Min , Wang Fuhui , Wang Zhenzhen , Gao Xingfa , Jing Chao , Liu Jiaming , Guo Mengyu , Li Jiayang , Luo Aiping , Liu Huibiao , Liu Zhihua , Chen Chunying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRadioresistance is an important challenge for clinical treatments. The main causes of radioresistance include hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment, the antioxidant system within cancer cells, and the upregulation of DNA repair proteins. Here, a multiple radiosensitization strategy of high‐Z‐element‐based radiation enhancement is designed, attenuating hypoxia and microRNA therapy. The novel 2D graphdiyne (GDY) can firmly anchor and disperse CeO2 nanoparticles to form GDY–CeO2 nanocomposites, which exhibit superior catalase‐mimic activity in decomposing H2O2 to O2 to significantly alleviate tumor hypoxia, promote radiation‐induced DNA damage, and ultimately inhibit tumor growth in vivo. The miR181a‐2‐3p (miR181a) serum levels in patients are predictive of the response to preoperative radiotherapy in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and facilitate personalized treatment. Moreover, miR181a can act as a radiosensitizer by directly targeting RAD17 and regulating the Chk2 pathway. Subsequently, the GDY–CeO2 nanocomposites with miR181a are conjugated with the iRGD‐grafted polyoxyethylene glycol (short for nano‐miR181a), which can increase the stability, efficiently deliver miR181a to tumor, and exhibit low toxicity. Notably, nano‐miR181a can overcome radioresistance and enhance therapeutic efficacy both in a subcutaneous tumor model and human‐patient‐derived xenograft models. Overall, this GDY–CeO2 nanozyme and miR181a‐based multisensitized radiotherapy strategy provides a promising therapeutic approach for ESCC.
Vancomycin‐Loaded Microneedle Arrays against Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Skin Infections
Authors: Ziesmer Jill , Tajpara Poojabahen , Hempel Nele‐Johanna , Ehrström Marcus , Melican Keira , Eidsmo Liv , Sotiriou Georgios A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSkin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a major healthcare burden, often treated with intravenous injection of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin (VAN). However, low local drug concentration in the skin limits its treatment efficiency, while systemic exposure promotes the development of resistant bacterial strains. Topical administration of VAN on skin is ineffective as its high molecular weight prohibits transdermal penetration. In order to implement a local VAN delivery, microneedle (MN) arrays with a water‐insoluble support layer for the controlled administration of VAN into the skin are developed. The utilization of such a support layer results in water‐insoluble needle shafts surrounded by drug‐loaded water‐soluble tips with high drug encapsulation. The developed MN arrays can penetrate the dermal barriers of both porcine and fresh human skin. Permeation studies on porcine skin reveal that the majority of the delivered VAN is retained within the skin. It is shown that the VAN‐MN array reduces MRSA growth both in vitro and ex vivo on skin. The developed VAN‐MN arrays may be extended to several drugs and may facilitate localized treatment of MRSA‐caused skin infections while minimizing adverse systemic effects.
Modification of the Coordination Environment of Active Sites on MoC for High‐Efficiency CH4 Production
Authors: Han Lili , Liu Xijun , He Jia , Liang Zhixiu , Wang Hsiao‐Tsu , Bak Seong‐Min , Zhang Jingmin , Hunt Adrian , Waluyo Iradwikanari , Pong Way‐Faung , Luo Jun , Ding Yi , Adzic Radoslav R. , Xin Huolin L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractModulating the coordination environment of active sites on catalyst surfaces is crucial to developing effective catalysts and controlling catalysis. However, this may be a highly challenging procedure. Guided by the first‐principles calculations, the modification of the coordination environment of active sites on MoC nanoparticle surfaces is experimentally accomplished by anchoring pyridinic N atom rings of holey graphene on Mo atoms. The rings produce electrostatic forces that enable the tuning of the Mo sites′ affinity to reaction intermediates, which passivates Mo hollow sites, activates Mo top sites, and reduces the overadsorption of OH on the Mo active sites, as predicted by calculations. The atomic‐level modification is well confirmed by atomic‐resolution imaging, high‐resolution electron tomography, synchrotron soft X‐ray spectroscopy, and operando electrochemical infrared spectroscopy. Consequently, the Faradaic efficiency for CO2 reduction to CH4 is enhanced from 16% to 89%, a record high efficiency so far, in aqueous electrolytes. It also exhibits a negligible activity loss over 50 h.