bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiopulmonary assessment of patients diagnosed with Gaucher’s disease type I
Authors: Bjelobrk Marija , Lakocevic Milan , Damjanovic Svetozar , Petakov Milan , Petrovic Milan , Bosnic Zoran , Arena Ross , Popovic Dejana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the basis of the phenotypic variation in Gaucher's disease (GD) has proven to be challenging for efficient treatment. The current study examined cardiopulmonary characteristics of patients with GD type 1.MethodsTwenty Caucasian subjects (8/20 female) with diagnosed GD type I (GD‐S) and 20 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (C), were assessed (mean age GD‐S: 32.6 ± 13.1 vs. C: 36.2 ± 10.6, p > .05) before the initiation of treatment. Standard echocardiography at rest was used to assess left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was performed on a recumbent ergometer using a ramp protocol.ResultsLVEF was similar in both groups (GD‐S: 65.1 ± 5.2% vs. C: 65.2 ± 5.2%, p > .05), as well as PAPS (24.1 ± 4.2 mmHg vs. C: 25.5 ± 1.3 mmHg, p > .05). GD‐S had lower weight (p < .05) and worse CPET responses compared to C, including peak values of heart rate, oxygen consumption, carbondioxide production (VCO2), end‐tidal pressure of CO2, and O2 pulse, as well as HR reserve after 3 min of recovery and the minute ventilation/VCO2 slope.ConclusionsPatients with GD type I have an abnormal CPET response compared to healthy controls likely due to the complex pathophysiologic process in GD that impacts multiple systems integral to the physiologic response to exercise.
Free double‐paddle posterior tibial artery perforator flap for hypopharynx reconstruction: A case report and literature review
Authors: Fritz Caroline , Meroni Matteo , Fritsche Elmar , Rajan Gunesh , Scaglioni Mario F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicrosurgical free tissue transfer is nowadays considered to be one of the main options for head and neck reconstruction. The free posterior tibial artery perforator (PTAP) flap is a well‐known reconstructive technique for local defect coverage in the distal leg, and only recently has been employed for head and neck reconstructions. Being a very thin and pliable flap, with low donor site morbidity and constant anatomy, the PTA perforator‐based flap could be a great alternative to the more commonly‐employed radial forearm free flap (RFFF). The present case report shows a complex head and neck defect coverage by means of a free double‐paddle PTA flap, with a concise literature review of previous PTA flap descriptions in this setting. A 59‐year‐old male patient presented with a hypopharynx leakage after radiotherapy due to hypopharynx carcinoma. Since the patient had an occluded ulnar artery on the left side and an arterial line in the radial artery on the right side, both a RFFF and an ulnar artery perforator (UAP) flap were contraindicated. Moreover, two different cutaneous flaps were needed to reconstruct a 6 × 8 cm2 defect, one for the reconstruction of the hypopharynx and one for the resurfacing of the neck, since previous surgeries and radiotherapy led to severe fibrosis of the neck. The patient had a BMI of 25.4 kg/m2, which led us to exclude the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap because of its thickness. For the forementioned reasons, an unconventional double‐paddle PTAP flap based on two perforator vessels was chosen. Based on two perforators, two skin islands were harvested, building a double‐paddle PTA perforator‐based flap. The proximal skin island was 6 × 7 cm2 and the distal one was 6 × 4 cm2. The larger skin flap was set at the leakage of the hypopharynx. The smaller skin island was used to monitor the survival of the whole flap and for resurfacing the outer side of the neck. The postoperative course was uneventful and at 3 months follow up the reconstructive result was good with no functional drawback. In view of the obtained result, we can consider that the PTA flap might be a reliable alternative to the much widely used RFFF, with a minor donor site morbidity, for delicate head and neck reconstructions.
Consensus Development Project (CDP): An overview of staffing for safe and effective nursing care
Authors: Ball Jane E. , Griffiths Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present an overview of the research evidence on nurse staffing levels in acute hospitals, and how it has been applied to policy and practice, focussing primarily on the UK. Drawing on research reviews and examples of specific studies, we outline the current state of knowledge. Much of the evidence comes from cross‐sectional studies. More recently, longitudinal studies allow a causal link between staffing and outcomes to be inferred. Lack of specificity on staffing levels has hindered application of research findings to practice; research rarely specifies how many nurses are needed for safe and effective care. The most significant impediment to achieving safe staffing has been an underestimation of the number of RNs needed and overestimation of the potential for substitution, resulting in low baseline staffing and a national shortage of RNs. Repeatedly, new staffing solutions are sought rather than tackle the problem of too few RNs head‐on.
COVID‐19 and nursing research across five countries/regions: Commonalities and recommendations
Authors: Im Eun‐Ok , Sakashita Reiko , Oh Eui Geum , Tsai Hsiu‐Min , Chen Ching‐Min , Lin Chia‐Chin , McCauley Linda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith the recent impact by the COVID‐19 pandemic, nursing research has gone through unexpected changes across the globe. The purpose of this special report is to present the commonalities in the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on nursing research across four countries, including the United States, South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, and one region, that is, Hong Kong, and to make recommendations for future nursing research during the immediate postpandemic period and future pandemic situations. To identify the commonalities, seven researchers/leaders from the five countries/regions had discussions through 3 days of an international workshop. The content for this discussion paper derived from: (a) the exemplars/cases of the COVID‐19 impact on the research process, (b) researchers/leaders' presentations on the COVID‐19 impact, and (c) memos from the workshop. The materials were analyzed using a simple content analysis. The commonalities included: (a) “a heavy emphasis on teaching and fluctuating productivity,” (b) “increased funding opportunities and governmental support,” (c) “gendered experience complicated by professional differences,” (d) “delays and changes/modifications in research process,” (e) “limited research settings and difficulties in getting access,” and (f) “increased online dissemination activities with positive changes in the image of nursing.” With all collective wisdom that nurse researchers have obtained during the COVID‐19 pandemic, nursing research will evolve again for the successful future of the nursing discipline.
Applications of GO/OA‐POSS Layer‐by‐Layer self‐assembly nanocoating on flame retardancy and smoke suppression of flexible polyurethane foam
Authors: Jia Pengfei , Cheng Wenhua , Lu Jingyi , Yin Zhenting , Xu Zhoumei , Cheng Liang , Qiu Yong , Qian Lijun , Hu Yuan , Hu Weizhao , Wang Bibo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFlexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) is extremely flammable and will release a large number of toxic fumes during the combustion process, which brings great safety hazards. Therefore, a binary hybrid nanocoating composed of graphene oxide (GO) and octaamino polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OA‐POSS) is deposited on the surface of FPUF through layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly technology, with the aim of enhance the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of the hybrid FPUF. Compared with pure FPUF, the peak heat release rate, the total heat release, the peak smoke production rate and the total smoke release of FPUF@GO/OA‐POSS‐6 is decreased by 67.3%, 28.3%, 65.03% and 42.9%, indicating the hybrid FPUF excellent flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties. Compared with pure FPUF, the tensile strength of FPUF@GO/OA‐POSS‐6 is increased by 42%, and after three times of compression, the compressive strength increases by 83.17% on average. Facts have proved that the hybrid effect between GO and OA‐POSS enhances the flame retardancy, smoke suppressive effects, tensile strength and compressive strength of FPUF.
A novel method for determining relative response factors using high‐performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector and evaporative light scattering detection
Authors: Zhu Li , Zhao Yu , Hu Changqin , Xu Mingzhe , Yin Lihui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesBecause the purity of the two impurities reference standard (RS) of cefathiamidine is not easy to obtain, HPLC‐PDA‐ELSD were used to determin the RRFs of cefathiamidine impurities.MethodsPeak area correction was applied to calculate RRFs to eliminate the influence of different responses caused by the difference in pH between the two mobile phases of HPLC‐PDA and HPLC‐PDA‐ELSD. The resulting RRF values have been verified by qNMR.ConclusionThe new calcution method described in this article provides a reliable research idea for determintion the RRFs by HPLC‐PDA‐ELSD, especially when the purity of RS is unknown and the mobile phase of HPLC‐PDA and HPLC‐PDA‐ELSD have difference. This method can be mutually verified with qNMR to ensure the accuracy of RRFs. It is also promingsing replace determination RRF by qNMR becausing economical, simple and low cost.
Current noise of a protein‐selective biological nanopore
Authors: Sun Jiaxin , Thakur Avinash Kumar , Movileanu Liviu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract1/f current noise is ubiquitous in protein pores, porins, and channels. We have previously shown that a protein‐selective biological nanopore with an external protein receptor can function as a 1/f noise generator when a high‐affinity protein ligand is reversibly captured by the receptor. Here, we demonstrate that the binding affinity and concentration of the ligand are key determinants for the nature of current noise. For example, 1/f was absent when a protein ligand was reversibly captured at a much lower concentration than its equilibrium dissociation constant against the receptor. Furthermore, we also analyzed the composite current noise that resulted from mixtures of low‐affinity and high‐affinity ligands against the same receptor. This study highlights the significance of protein recognition events in the current noise fluctuations across biological membranes.
Selective HLA restriction enables the evaluation and interpretation of immunogenic breadth at comparable levels to that observed with broader HLA distribution
Authors: Hare Jonathan , Fiore‐Gartland Andrew , McGowan Edward , Hunter Eric , Gilmour Jill , Nielsen Morten 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExisting approaches to identifying predictive T‐cell epitopes have traditionally utilized either 2‐digit HLA super‐families or more commonly utilizing autologous HLA alleles to facilitate the predictions. However, the use of these criteria may not consider the HLA representation within any target population. Here we propose a modification to concept of utilizing autologous HLA whereby subsets of individuals are selected for their specific HLA allele profiles and the representation they provide within a given population. Using this selective approach to HLA selection and the linkages to specific individuals may enable the design of more targeted experimentalstrategies.
The impact of fluazaindolizine on free‐living nematodes and the nematode community structure in a root‐knot nematode infested vegetable production system
Authors: Talavera Miguel , Thoden Tim C , Vela‐Delgado María D , Verdejo‐Lucas Soledad , Sánchez‐Moreno Sara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFluazaindolizine is a novel sulfonamide nematicide that is currently under commercialization in various countries. Four trials (two in tomato, two in zucchini) were carried out over two growing seasons in a root‐knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne incognita)‐infested plastic house to test the effects of a single application of fluazaindolizine at 1000 and 2000 g ha–1, on RKN, the resident nematode community and to estimate any side effects on the soil food web and soil ecological functions. The composition of the nematode community was evaluated at three sampling times, pre‐treatment (before soil preparation), at planting (after nematicide application) and at harvest. Nematode abundance and nematode‐based ecological indices, such as maturity indices, soil food web indices (Structure, Basal, Enrichment index) and metabolic footprints were calculated and compared between the untreated and nematicide treatments at various sampling times.RESULTSIn both crops the test rates of fluazaindolizine significantly reduced both the soil numbers of RKN as well as the observed root galling at harvest. Fluazaindolizine treatments showed a low impact on the numbers of other plant‐parasitic nematodes, and at harvest the numbers of some ectoparasites as Telotylenchus even showed higher values within the nematicide‐treated plots than in the untreated control. Overall, fluazaindolizine treatments neither decreased the bacterivorous, fungivorous or omnivorous nematode densities, nor reduced the maturity and soil food web indices. However, we observed some slight reductions in the structure index as well as increases in the basal index that might indicate some adverse impact on soil functions resulting from the nematicide application. Still those impacts were considered small compared to the impact of the soil preparation.CONCLUSIONSOverall, fluazaindolizine showed a good level of selectivity towards RKN and therefore could become a useful tool within integrated nematode management approaches that also complements soil health and maintaining diversity in soil.
Bone‐a‐Petite: Engineering Exosomes towards Bone, Osteochondral, and Cartilage Repair
Authors: Bei Ho Pan , Hung Pak Ming , Yeung Hau Lam , Wang Shuqi , Zhao Xin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecovery from bone, osteochondral, and cartilage injuries/diseases has been burdensome owing to the damaged vasculature of large defects and/or avascular nature of cartilage leading to a lack of nutrients and supplying cells. However, traditional means of treatment such as microfractures and cell‐based therapy only display limited efficacy due to the inability to ensure cell survival and potential aggravation of surrounding tissues. Exosomes have recently emerged as a powerful tool for this tissue repair with its complex content of transcription factors, proteins, and targeting ligands, as well as its unique ability to home in on target cells thanks to its phospholipidic nature. They are engineered to serve specialized applications including enhancing repair, anti‐inflammation, regulating homeostasis, etc. via means of physical, chemical, and biological modulations in its deriving cell culture environments. This review focuses on the engineering means to functionalize exosomes for bone, osteochondral, and cartilage regeneration, with an emphasis on conditions such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and osteonecrosis. Finally, future implications for exosome development will be given alongside its potential combination with other strategies to improve its therapeutic efficacy in the osteochondral niche.
Recent Advances in Modification Approaches, Health Benefits, and Food Applications of Resistant Starch
Authors: Zhang Zhongwei , Bao Jinsong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResistant starch (RS) is a non‐digestible carbohydrate that has numerous biological benefits. However, the amounts of RS are limited in most native cereal starches, thus developing RS‐fortified starch sources and food products is necessary. This review summarizes the effectiveness of RS improvement by chemical, enzymatic, and physical modification approaches in starches from various origins. The functions of RS in regulating the metabolisms and the influences of RS on the nutritional and textural properties of various foods are also elucidated. After modification, the molecular structures are altered and the starch granules became more resistant to enzymatic digestion. However, the comparison of the RS contents between raw and cooked starch is absent in many studies. In addition, RS plays an essential role in attenuating postprandial glycemia, inhibiting glucose and lipid synthesis and promoting glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and lipid degradation, which are controlled by the enriched diversity and abundance of the beneficial microbiota in the colon, together with more short‐chain fatty acids. The incorporation of RS in food products significantly increases nutritional value without unacceptable quality loss, which provides a new direction for manufacturing functional foods.
Shaping the biology of citrus: I. Genomic determinants of evolution
Authors: Gonzalez‐Ibeas Daniel , Ibanez Victoria , Perez‐Roman Estela , Borredá Carles , Terol Javier , Talon Manuel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe performed genomic analyses on wild species of the genus Citrus to identify major determinants of evolution. The most notable effect occurred on the pathogen‐defense genes, as observed in many other plant genera. The gene space was also characterized by changes in gene families intimately related to relevant biochemical properties of citrus fruit, such as pectin modifying enzymes, HDR (4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbut‐2‐enyl diphosphate reductase) genes, and O‐methyltransferases. Citrus fruits are highly abundant on pectins and secondary metabolites such as terpenoids and flavonoids, the targets of these families. Other gene types under positive selection, expanded through tandem duplications and retained as triplets from whole genome duplications, codified for purple acid phosphatases and MATE‐efflux proteins. Although speciation has not been especially rapid in the genus, analyses of selective pressure at the codon level revealed that the extant species evolved from the ancestral citrus radiation show signatures of pervasive adaptive evolution and is therefore potentially responsible for the vast phenotypic differences observed among current species.
Isospin-1/2 Dπ scattering and the lightest $$ {D}_0^{\ast } $$ resonance from lattice QCD
Authors: Gayer Luke , Lang Nicolas , Ryan Sinéad M. , Tims David , Thomas Christopher E. , Wilson David J. ,   on behalf of the Hadron Spectrum collaboration
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Isospin-1/2 Dπ scattering amplitudes are computed using lattice QCD, working in a single volume of approximately (3.6 fm)3 and with a light quark mass corresponding to mπ ≈ 239 MeV. The spectrum of the elastic Dπ energy region is computed yielding 20 energy levels. Using the Lüscher finite-volume quantisation condition, these energies are translated into constraints on the infinite-volume scattering amplitudes and hence enable us to map out the energy dependence of elastic Dπ scattering. By analytically continuing a range of scattering amplitudes, a $$ {D}_0^{\ast } $$

D
0
∗

resonance pole is consistently found strongly coupled to the S-wave Dπ channel, with a mass m ≈ 2200 MeV and a width Γ ≈ 400 MeV. Combined with earlier work investigating the $$ {D}_{s0}^{\ast } $$

D

s
0

∗

, and $$ {D}_0^{\ast } $$

D
0
∗

with heavier light quarks, similar couplings between each of these scalar states and their relevant meson-meson scattering channels are determined. The mass of the $$ {D}_0^{\ast } $$

D
0
∗

is consistently found well below that of the $$ {D}_{s0}^{\ast } $$

D

s
0

∗

, in contrast to the currently reported experimental result.
Causality, unitarity and symmetry in effective field theory
Authors: Trott Timothy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sum rules in effective field theories, predicated upon causality, place restrictions on scattering amplitudes mediated by effective contact interactions. Through unitarity of the S-matrix, these imply that the size of higher dimensional corrections to transition amplitudes between different states is bounded by the strength of their contributions to elastic forward scattering processes. This places fundamental limits on the extent to which hypothetical symmetries can be broken by effective interactions. All analysis is for dimension 8 operators in the forward limit. Included is a thorough derivation of all positivity bounds for a chiral fermion in SU(2) and SU(3) global symmetry representations resembling those of the Standard Model, general bounds on flavour violation, new bounds for interactions between particles of different spin, inclusion of loops of dimension 6 operators and illustration of the resulting strengthening of positivity bounds over tree-level expectations, a catalogue of supersymmetric effective interactions up to mass dimension 8 and 4 legs and the demonstration that supersymmetry unifies the positivity theorems as well as the new bounds.
Nerve-associated Schwann cell precursors contribute extracutaneous melanocytes to the heart, inner ear, supraorbital locations and brain meninges
Authors: Kaucka Marketa , Szarowska Bara , Kavkova Michaela , Kastriti Maria Eleni , Kameneva Polina , Schmidt Inga , Peskova Lucie , Joven Araus Alberto , Simon Andras , Kaiser Jozef , Adameyko Igor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMelanocytes are pigmented cells residing mostly in the skin and hair follicles of vertebrates, where they contribute to colouration and protection against UV-B radiation. However, the spectrum of their functions reaches far beyond that. For instance, these pigment-producing cells are found inside the inner ear, where they contribute to the hearing function, and in the heart, where they are involved in the electrical conductivity and support the stiffness of cardiac valves. The embryonic origin of such extracutaneous melanocytes is not clear. We took advantage of lineage-tracing experiments combined with 3D visualizations and gene knockout strategies to address this long-standing question. We revealed that Schwann cell precursors are recruited from the local innervation during embryonic development and give rise to extracutaneous melanocytes in the heart, brain meninges, inner ear, and other locations. In embryos with a knockout of theEdnrBreceptor, a condition imitating Waardenburg syndrome, we observed only nerve-associated melanoblasts, which failed to detach from the nerves and to enter the inner ear. Finally, we looked into the evolutionary aspects of extracutaneous melanocytes and found that pigment cells are associated mainly with nerves and blood vessels in amphibians and fish. This new knowledge of the nerve-dependent origin of extracutaneous pigment cells might be directly relevant to the formation of extracutaneous melanoma in humans.