bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning with interpretability predict surgical site infection after posterior cervical surgery
Authors: Ren GuanRui , Xie ZhiYang , Wang YiYang , Liu Lei , Wang PeiYang , Zhang Wei , Wang YunTao , Wu XiaoTao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background:

Ideal tools should not only investigate risk factors, but also provide explicit auxiliary answer for whether a patient will develop surgical site infection (SSI) or not. Machine learning (ML) models have ability to carry out complicated predictive medical tasks. We intend to develop ML models to predict SSI after posterior cervical surgery and interpret the outcome.
Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed 235 patients who had undergone posterior cervical surgery between June 2013 to April 2019 at Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University. We established Artificial neural networks (ANN), XGBClassifier (xgboost), KNeighborsClassifier (KNN), Decision tree classifier (decision tree), Random forest classifier (random forest) and support vector classifier (SVC). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the curve (AUC) score, accuracy score, recall score, F1 score and precision score were calculated to measure models’ performance. Shapley values were calculated using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to determine relative feature importance of xgboost model.
Results:

The incidence of SSI was 7.23%. With AUC of 0.9972, 0.9923, 0.9865, 0.9615, 0.9540, 0.8934, the xgboost, random forest, ANN, KNN, decision tree, SCV accurately predicted SSI. Xgboost, ANN, decision tree and random forest achieved excellent performance in testing set. Top 10 variables with high predictive contribution of xgboost including, drainage volume, body mass index (BMI), drainage duration, operation blooding, cholesterin, sex, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), albumin, hypertension, operation time.
Conclusion:

We had successful established ML models in individualized predicting SSI after posterior cervical surgery. Xgboost, ANN, decision tree and random forest achieved excellent performance which could provide auxiliary information for clinical decision makers. The interpretable model focuses on contribution of important features to the predictive result. It can improve the acceptance of clinicians on ML and promote ML’s application in the actual clinical work.
Causal Association of Trauma With Subsequent Psychiatric Disorder: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Gu Dongqing , Ou Shan , Liu Guodong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective

Trauma has been proposed as a risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorder. This study aimed to determine the causal association between them.
Methods

Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were performed to estimate the causal association between trauma and psychiatric disorder. We obtained summary-level data for genetic variants associated with trauma and the corresponding association with psychiatric disorder from previous genome-wide association studies, and inverse variance weighted was used as the main method in our Mendelian randomization analysis.
Results

Genetically predisposed trauma was associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorder (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.02,), mood disorder (OR = 1.01, 95% CI, 1.00-1.01) and depression (OR = 1.02, 95% CI, 1.01–1.02) in UK Biobank, as well as increased risk of mood disorder (OR = 1.23, 95% CI, 1.03–1.48), depression (OR = 1.10, 95% CI, 1.04–1.17), bipolar disorder (OR = 1.24, 95% CI, 1.04–1.49) and schizophrenia (OR = 1.47, 95% CI, 1.21–1.78) in data source from MR Base. However, Mendelian randomization evidence did not support an association between trauma and risk of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorder, sleep disorder, and eating disorder.
Conclusions

Findings from our Mendelian randomization analysis suggested that trauma might be causally associated with an increased risk of some common psychiatric disorder such as depression.
Diversity In Intestinal Microorganisms Contributes To The Bodysize Difference In Chinese Horses And Ponies
Authors: Lv Shipeng , Zhang Yanli , Zhang Zhengkai , Meng Sihan , Pu Yabin , Liu Xuexue , Liu Lingling , Ma Yuehui , Liu Wujun , Jiang Lin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Intestinal microbiota communities can reflect the digestion and metabolism of the host, as well as the appearance of the host. In China, there are various excellent horse and pony breeds with rich diversity in wither height. However, little is known about the community structure of the intestinal microbiota in horses, let alone the profound effects it causes. Results: Here in, we generated 16S rRNA sequences of intestinal microorganisms from 118 Chinese horses including Guanzhong horse, Debao pony, and Ningqiang pony. We found that the intestinal microbiota of horses is full of diversity, and Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Spirochaetes, which is consistent with the special structure of the horse digestive tract. Interestingly, the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes at the phylum level, showed a strong correlation with horse height, with R values of 0.82 and -0.86 respectively. Moreover, at the genus level, Coprococcus, Streptococcus, Treponema, and Prevotella demonstrated higher significance in terms of height, the prediction of PICRUSt2 function and multiple analyses of the metabolic pathways, and additionally, the metabolic pathways of energy intake and utilization were significantly enriched in horses relative to ponies (P<0.01). Notably, flora colonization in mouse littermates contributed to their broad development compared to the control group. Conclusions: Compared with ponies, the intestinal microbiota enabled better cellulose decomposition and energy uptake in horses; Thus horses could get more energy from food to meet their higher demand for larger body development than ponies. Therefore, our study helps to understand the gut microbiota patterns across equine breeds, which has the potential to advance approaches aimed at personalized microbial modifications in horse breeding.
“direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Low-molecular-weight Heparin for Acute Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis”
Authors: Rungjirajittranon Tarinee , Owattanapanich Weerapat , Chinthammitr Yingyong , Ruchutrakool Theera , Suwanawiboon Bundarika 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe association between gastrointestinal (GI) cancer and a high incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is well known. Previous randomized controlled studies demonstrated that direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) effectively treat cancer-associated VTE (CAT). However, some DOACs appeared to increase the risk of bleeding, particularly in patients with GI malignancies. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DOACs in GI cancer-associated thrombosis.MethodsAll relevant studies that compared DOACs and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in GI cancer-associated thrombosis that were published before December 2020 were individually searched in two databases (MEDLINE and EMBASE) by two investigators. The effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from each eligible study were combined using the Mantel-Haenszel method.ResultsA total of 1,418 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The rate of major bleeding was not significantly different between groups (relative risk [RR]: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.93-2.65, P=0.09, I2=34%). However, the rate of clinically relevant non-major bleeding (CRNMB) was significantly higher in the DOACs group (RR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.34-2.91, P=0.0005, I2=0%). The risk of recurrent VTE was not significantly different between groups (RR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.41-1.28, P=0.27, I2=0%).ConclusionsThe current data suggests that treatment of GI cancer-associated thrombosis with DOACs significantly increases the risk of CRNMB, and a trend towards major bleeding risk in DOACs group. The efficacy of DOACs for preventing recurrent VTE in GI cancer was comparable to that of LMWHs.Trial registration: INPLASY202180113
Comprehensive Quality of Elderly Rehabilitation Nursing Staff in Medical and Health Care Institutions in Liaoning Province, China: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zhou Yunru , Sun Longfeng , Liang Yanting , Mao Guoju , Xu Pei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: With the global aging problem is becoming increasingly severe, the elderly care has become an important issue that needs attention. Chinese government attaches great importance to the development of medical and health care institutions, and is committed to improving the comprehensive quality of elderly rehabilitation nursing staff in medical and health care institutions.Methods: From June to September 2019, a cross-sectional study among 193 elderly rehabilitation nursing staff was conducted in Liaoning Province, China. Using a self-designed questionnaire, the comprehensive quality of elderly rehabilitation nursing staff in medical and health care institutions was investigated by face to face. The multiple linear regression model was explored to analyze the influencing factors. Results: A total of 193 questionnaires were distributed, and 189 (97.93%) valid questionnaires were recovered. Age was from 19 to 65 years old, with an average age of (38.34 ± 9.76) years old. Bachelor degree or above accounted for 54.00%. 57.10% have engaged in elderly rehabilitation nursing for more than one year. There were 163 nurses with qualification certificates, accounting for 86.20%. The total score of comprehensive quality was 118.52 ± 22.90. The total Cronbach ' s α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.967, and the content validity index was 0.991. Only 61 (32.30%) elderly rehabilitation nurses received professional training in elderly rehabilitation nursing. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the educational level of elderly rehabilitation nursing staff (P=0.002) and the number of years engaged in elderly rehabilitation nursing (P=0.005) were the main influencing factors of comprehensive quality.Conclusions: The comprehensive quality of elderly rehabilitation nursing staff is at a medium level in Liaoning Province's medical and health care institutions. However, the professional nursing talents was very short, and the education level and years of experience in elderly care were the main influencing factors of the comprehensive quality.
Aromatics Production With Cobalt-Modified Ultra-Stable Y Zeolites As Catalysts In Catalytic Pyrolysis of Ginkgo Biloba Residue
Authors: Yu Zhenwei , yousaf Khurram , Tian Fuyang , Hou Jialin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The current research studied the performance of novel and cheap catalysts, ultra-stable Y zeolites (USY) and cobalt-modified USY for the efficient production of aromatics from the ginkgo Biloba residue (GBR) using a pyrolysis reactor. Cobalt-modified USY improved the quality of the pyrolysis products e.g. removed unwanted impurities from bio-oil, increased the yield of gases, and overall boosted the GBR conversion. Under the action of USY modified with cobalt, the yield of CO, CH4, and CO2 in the gas production increased significantly, while the yield of H2 was dropped. The selectivity of naphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene gradually decreased. The composition of aromatic hydrocarbons was reduced, while the content and selectivity ratios of toluene and xylene were increased. This study describes a high-value method using GBR, which could be used as a sustainable resource for the production of hydrocarbons, especially for the preparation of high-quality toluene and phenols.
Magnon Tunneling Between Two Magnon Bose-Einstein Condensates
Authors: Belanovsky A. D. , Vetoshko P. M. , Bunkov Yu. M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The explosive development of quantum magnonics is explained by its potential of use in quantum computers, processing information and the formation of hybrid quantum systems. The processes of spatial correlation of quantum systems are fundamental and lead to such phenomena as the Josephson effect and superconductivity. In particular, they determine the phenomenon of the magnon superfluidity and magnon Bose condensation which were first discovered in antiferromagnetic superfluid 3He. In this article, we consider the features of magnon Bose condensation in yttrium iron garnet film. We simulate the processes of magnon BEC coherency and magnon tunneling through the gap.
A Framework for Self-Supervised Federated Domain Adaptation
Authors: wang bin , Li Gang , Wu Chao , Zhang WeiShan , Zhou Jiehan , Wei Ye 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Unsupervised federated domain adaptation uses the knowledge from several distributed unlabelled source domains to complete the learning on the unlabelled target domain. Some of the existing methods have limited effectiveness and involve frequent communication. This paper proposes a framework to solve the distributed multi-source domain adaptation problem, referred as self-supervised federated domain adaptation (SFDA). Specifically, a multi-domain model generalization balance (MDMGB) is proposed to aggregate the models from multiple source domains in each round of communication. A weighted strategy based on centroid similarity is also designed for SFDA. SFDA conducts self-supervised training on the target domain to tackle domain shift. Compared with the classical federated adversarial domain adaptation algorithm, SFDA is not only strong in communication cost and privacy protection but also improves in the accuracy of the model.
Campylobacter Jejuni and Its Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Among Under- Five Children with Gastroenteritis in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: wudie Bukayaw , Melese Addisu , Mekonnen Daniel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Campylobacter jejuni is the leading causes of diarrheal disease worldwide among under five years of age. Epidemiological data about C. jejuni and drug susceptibility profile of isolates among children with symptom of gastroenteritis has a paramount importance for evidence based decision. However, such information is not available in the study area. Hence, this study was carried out fill this information gap.Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among under-five children (U5C) visiting four primary health centers’ pediatric clinic due to acute gastroenteritis from February to May, 2019. Socio-demographic data were collected in a face to face interview using structured questionnaire. Stool specimen was collected and transported to the Bahir Dar University, Medical Microbiology Laboratory. The specimens were inoculated on Charcoal Cefoperazone Deoxycholate Agar. Identification and antibacterial susceptibility test was performed using standard bacteriological methods. The collected data were entered to EpiData 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 23.Results: Among a total of 196 U5C with acute gastroenteritis, 39 (19.9%) were positive for Campylobacter species. The proportion of C. jejuni was 14.8% (29/196). The multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that care givers (AOR=3.76, 95%CI: 1.29-10.98), guardians hand washing practice before food preparation (AOR=3.63, 95%CI: 1.15-11.46), and contact with domestic animals (AOR=4.23, 95%CI: 1.46-12.28) demonstrated significant association with C. jejuni infection. Among 29 C. jejuni isolates, 24 (82.8%), 24 (82.8%) and 18 (62.1%) were resistant for tetracycline, cefoxitine and erythromycin, respectively. Conclusions: The proportion of C. jejuni infection was high. Children who had contact with animals showed association with C. jejuni infection. Additionally, majority of C. jejuni showed resistance for tetracycline, cefoxitin, ampicillin and erythromycin.
Zein/EDTA/chlorophyll/nano-clayBiocomposite Sorbent; Studying Physicochemical Properties and Ability to Remove Industrial Wastewater Contaminants
Authors: Asadzadeh Farrokh , pirsa sajad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, a composite biosorbent of zein/ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid /chlorophyll/nano-clay (Ze/EDTA/Chl/Clay) was prepared. Thickness, mechanical properties (tensile strength and strength to breaking point), ability to reduce water hardness, water solubility, water absorption, antioxidant activity and moisture content of prepared biosorbent were studied. SEM, FTIR, XRD and TGA techniques were used to investigate the physicochemical properties and structure of the prepared biosorbent. Optimal biosorbent was selected using statistical methods and used to remove chemical contaminants from industrial wastewater in Urmia (Iran). For this purpose, total heavy metals (THM), total hardness, nitrate, nitrite, COD and BOD, TDS and salinity of industrial wastewater before and after biosorbent treatment were investigated. The results confirmed the homogeneous and cohesive structure of different zein adsorbents. FTIR results showed physical and electrostatic interactions between composite components. Nanoclay increased the thermal stability of the biosorbent. Chlorophyll and EDTA increased the biosorbent ability to absorb water and reduce the total hardness of the water. Clay nanoparticles increased the tensile strength of the biosorbent and chlorophyll and EDTA increased the biosorbent ductility. Under optimal wastewater treatment conditions, Ze/EDTA/Chl/Clay biosorbent was recognized as the best adsorbent. The use of ultrasound in wastewater treatment had a good effect. Under optimal conditions, 57.5% of THM and 67% of nitrate were removed from the wastewater. By comparing the ability of chlorophyll-containing biosorbents (Ze/Chl and Ze/EDTA/Chl/Clay) to remove nitrite and nitrate, it was found that these biosorbents have a very high selectivity in nitrate removal compared to nitrite.
MTHFR 677C&gt;T (rs1801133) variant is associated with homocysteinemia but not with clinical severity in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease
Authors: Silvestre Guilherme da Silva , Carrara Iriana Moratto , Flauzino Tamires , Lozovoy Marcell Alysson Batisti , Cecchini Rubens , Reiche Edna Maria Vissoci , Simão Andréa Name Colado 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the MTHFR 677C > T (rs1801133) genetic variant with susceptibility and severity of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and with serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy). This case-control study enrolled 157 patients with PAOD attended at University Hospital of Londrina, and unrelated 113 healthy individuals from Southern Brazil. The clinical severity of the PAOD patients was assessed by Fontaine classification and anatomoradiological categories by Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC). The MTHFR 677C > T was genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The PAOD patients showed higher Hcy than controls but the Hcy did not differ according to Fontaine and TASC categories. Patients carrying the TT genotype (recessive model) or CT + TT (dominant model) presented higher levels of Hcy than those carrying other genotypes. In conclusion, the T allele of MTHFR 677C > T variant was associated with hyperhomocysteinemia in PAOD patients, but not in controls. Moreover, this variant was not associated with the clinical stage and the anatomoradiological categories of PAOD. Our data suggested a possible interaction between MTHFR 677C > T variant and the presence of other genetic, epigenetic and environment factors associated with PAOD on modulation the metabolism of Hcy.
The impact of anthropogenic and environmental factors on the variability of Escherichia coli in rivers in southwest Bangladesh
Authors: Islam M. M. Majedul , Islam Md. Atikul 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Faecal contamination of surface water sources is an important water quality issue worldwide. Although quite a few studies exist on surface water faecal contamination and variability of indicator bacteria, most of the studies have been based on larger river basins and in temperate region. The variability is relatively unknown in local scale and in tropical developing countries. In this study we assess how anthropogenic and environmental factors affect faecal contamination and physicochemical parameters in Rupsha and Bhairab rivers around Khulna city, Bangladesh. Water samples were collected from six locations of the rivers during a wet and dry period in 2018 to measure Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations. Water physicochemical parameters—temperature, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand were also measured. Higher concentrations of E. coli were found in the sampling sites located near the densely populated urban area compared to the downstream site, which receives fewer amounts of discharges from sewer drains. All the E. coli samples violated bathing water quality standards. E. coli concentrations were found to be correlated positively with precipitation and turbidity. A linear regression model was applied, that explains large part of the variation in E. coli concentration (R2 = 0.42). Water quality index assessment was also ranked the water quality as ‘poor’ category; indicate that the water is unsuitable for uses in domestic and recreational purposes and high health risks involved with the water use. The study findings highlight the problem of untreated sewage discharge into the rivers. Implementation of sewage treatment plant with adequate capacity is highly recommended.
Comparison of Perforated Appendicitis Prior to and Post quarantine during COVID19 Pandemic
Authors: Lehman Haley , Turnbull Jeffrey , Prescod Janice , Gohl Trevor , Lopez Peter , Jarski Robert 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused patient aversion to health care facilities for fear of contracting the virus. It has been shown that there has been a decreased amount of emergency department visits since the pandemic started1, with an increased presentation of conditions with progressed pathology. At our community hospital, it was anecdotally noted that there was an increase in the number of patients presenting with perforated appendicitis during this time. Our hypothesis is that more patients presented with the progressed finding of perforated appendicitis during rather than prior to the pandemic because of fear of exposure to COVID-19 in the health care setting. Methods: Retrospective chart review of cases of perforated appendicitis at a local community hospital during March 10-December 31, 2019 (cohort A) and March 10-December 31, 2020 (cohort B).Results: A total of three hundred and fifty-two eligible patients received treatment for acute appendicitis at our community hospital. In Cohort A (prior to the pandemic), there were 53 perforations out of 188 patients (53/188) - 28.2%. In cohort B (during the pandemic), there was 61 perforations out of 164 patients (61/164) – 37.2%. Statistically, there was no difference in the rate of perforation between Cohort A and Cohort B, approaching significance (p-value = 0.072). The median age of patients in Cohort A was 38 and in Cohort B it was 43.5 years of age. There was no statistically significant differences between cohorts regarding age (p < 0.23) and sex (p < 0.8). Conclusion: This study found that the number of patients who presented with perforated appendicitis during the pandemic did increase compared to pre-pandemic (37.2% vs 28.2%) but this did not meet statistical significance (p=0.072).