bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune dysregulation syndrome with cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 mutation showing multiple central nervous system lesions
Authors: Eriguchi Makoto , Katsuya Hiroo , Kidoguchi Keisuke , Ureshino Hiroshi , Nishi Masanori , Nishihara Masashi , Sonoda Motoshi , Ishimura Masataka , Kimura Shinya , Hara Hideo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundHaploinsufficiency of cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and diverse autoimmune disorders. Although central nervous system lesions have been described in patients with CTLA4 insufficiency, there have been few reports in the field of neurology.Case presentationA 23‐year‐old man was referred to Saga University Hospital (Saga, Japan) with dizziness and abnormal head magnetic resonance imaging showing hyperintensity in the left cerebellar hemisphere. He was diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia at age 8 years. He had repeated mild upper respiratory infections. Neurological events had occurred four times, with a long spinal lesion extending over three vertebral segments. High‐dose intravenous methylprednisolone was effective for acute attacks, and low‐dose prednisolone prevented relapses for 7 years. When he reached the age of 37 years, he developed severe diarrhea and immune cytopenia, and lost 6 kg in half a year. It was suspected that the patient had primary immunodeficiency due to his history of recurrent infections, hypogammaglobulinemia and severe diarrhea. Genome sequencing showed a heterozygous CTLA4 variant in exon 2. Abatacept therapy with prednisolone and cyclosporine was effective for diarrhea and autoimmune cytopenia.ConclusionsA patient with CTLA4 variant might develop multiple central nervous system lesions including longitudinally‐extended spinal cord lesions. As there is effective targeted immunotherapy, a complete immunological work‐up is required for early diagnosis when a patient presents with central nervous system lesions and multi‐organ symptoms.
A Robust Multi‐View System for High‐Fidelity Human Body Shape Reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Qitong , Wang Lei , Ge Linlin , Luo Shan , Zhu Taihao , Jiang Feng , Ding Jimmy , Feng Jieqing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a passive multi‐view system for human body shape reconstruction, namely RHF‐Human, to overcome several challenges including accurate calibration and stereo matching in self‐occluded and low‐texture skin regions. The reconstruction process includes four steps: capture, multi‐view camera calibration, dense reconstruction, and meshing. The capture system, which consists of 90 digital single‐lens reflex cameras, is single‐shot to avoid nonrigid deformation of the human body. Two technical contributions are made: (1) a two‐step robust multi‐view calibration approach that improves calibration accuracy and saves calibration time for each new human body acquired and (2) an accurate PatchMatch multi‐view stereo method for dense reconstruction to perform correct matching in self‐occluded and low‐texture skin regions and to reduce the noise caused by body hair. Experiments on models of various genders, poses, and skin with different amounts of body hair show the robustness of the proposed system. A high‐fidelity human body shape dataset with 227 models is constructed, and the average accuracy is within 1.5 mm. The system provides a new scheme for the accurate reconstruction of nonrigid human models based on passive vision and has good potential in fashion design and health care.
A Data‐Driven Approach to Functional Map Construction and Bases Pursuit
Authors: Azencot Omri , Lai Rongjie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe propose a method to simultaneously compute scalar basis functions with an associated functional map for a given pair of triangle meshes. Unlike previous techniques that put emphasis on smoothness with respect to the Laplace–Beltrami operator and thus favor low‐frequency eigenfunctions, we aim for a basis that allows for better feature matching. This change of perspective introduces many degrees of freedom into the problem allowing to better exploit non‐smooth descriptors. To effectively search in this high‐dimensional space of solutions, we incorporate into our minimization state‐of‐the‐art regularizers. We solve the resulting highly non‐linear and non‐convex problem using an iterative scheme via the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers. At each step, our optimization involves simple to solve linear or Sylvester‐type equations. In practice, our method performs well in terms of convergence, and we additionally show that it is similar to a provably convergent problem. We show the advantages of our approach by extensively testing it on multiple datasets in a few applications including shape matching, consistent quadrangulation and scalar function transfer.
Developable Approximation via Gauss Image Thinning
Authors: Binninger Alexandre , Verhoeven Floor , Herholz Philipp , Sorkine‐Hornung Olga 
Published: August 2021

AbstractApproximating 3D shapes with piecewise developable surfaces is an active research topic, driven by the benefits of developable geometry in fabrication. Piecewise developable surfaces are characterized by having a Gauss image that is a 1D object – a collection of curves on the Gauss sphere. We present a method for developable approximation that makes use of this classic definition from differential geometry. Our algorithm is an iterative process that alternates between thinning the Gauss image of the surface and deforming the surface itself to make its normals comply with the Gauss image. The simple, local‐global structure of our algorithm makes it easy to implement and optimize. We validate our method on developable shapes with added noise and demonstrate its effectiveness on a variety of non‐developable inputs. Compared to the state of the art, our method is more general, tessellation independent, and preserves the input mesh connectivity.
Testing the limits of structural thinking about gender
Authors: Yang Xin , Naas Ragnhild , Dunham Yarrow 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhen seeking to explain social regularities (such as gender differences in the labor market) people often rely on internal features of the targets, frequently neglecting structural and systemic factors external to the targets. For example, people might think women leave the job market after childbirth because they are less competent or are better suited for child‐rearing than men, thereby eliding socio‐cultural and economic factors that disadvantage women. Across two studies (total N = 192) we probe 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds and 7‐ and 8‐year‐olds’ internal versus structural reasoning about gender. We explore the evaluative and behavioral implications of this reasoning process with both novel gendered behaviors that were experimentally created and familiar gendered behaviors that exist outside of a lab context. We show that children generate more structural explanations, evaluate the structural explanation more positively, expect behaviors to be more mutable, and evaluate gender non‐conforming behaviors more positively when structural cues are provided. However, we also show that such information may be of limited effectiveness at reducing pre‐existing group‐based discriminatory behaviors: children continue to report less willingness to affiliate with peers who display non‐conforming behaviors even in the presence of structural cues. Taken together, these results provide evidence concerning children's structural reasoning about gender categories and shed new light on how such reasoning might affect social evaluations and behavioral intentions.
Beliefs about social norms and racial inequalities predict variation in the early development of racial bias
Authors: Rizzo Michael T. , Green Emily R. , Dunham Yarrow , Bruneau Emile , Rhodes Marjorie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRacism remains a pervasive force around the world with widespread and well documented harmful consequences for members of marginalized racial groups. The psychological biases that maintain structural and interpersonal racism begin to emerge in early childhood, but with considerable individual variation—some children develop more racial bias than others. The present study (N = 116; 4‐year‐old children) provides novel insights into the developmental mechanisms underlying the emergence of racial bias by longitudinally documenting how two psychological processes—normative beliefs about interracial friendships and explanatory beliefs about racial inequalities—developmentally predict the emergence of pro‐White/anti‐Black racial bias during early childhood. In a 6‐month, three‐wave, longitudinal study, we found that 4‐year‐old children's beliefs that their parents and peers do not value interracial friendships predicted increased racial bias in and across time and that children's endorsement of essentialist over extrinsic explanations for racial inequalities predicted the developmental trajectory of racial bias over time. These findings suggest that children's foundational beliefs about the social world developmentally predict the emergence of racial bias in early childhood and speak to the importance of early and persistent intervention efforts targeting children's normative beliefs about interracial friendships and explanatory beliefs about racial inequalities.
Topical 5% tranexamic acid with 30% glycolic acid peel: An useful combination for accelerating the improvement in melasma
Authors: Sahu Priyadarshini , Dayal Surabhi , Bhardwaj Neha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecently, topical Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been used in melasma management. On detail search of literature, this may be the first study‐assessing efficacy on combining of Topical TXA with GA peel in melasma. The aim of this study is to assess efficacy, safety, and improvement in quality of life index on combining 30% GA peel with 5% TXA solution topically in melasma of epidermal type. Sixty patients of epidermal melasma were included in the study and were categorized into two groups: Combination group was treated with 30% GA peel at 2 weekly intervals with 5% TXA solution applied twice daily and Control group was treated with only 30% GA peel every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. Melasma area severity index (MASI) was used for assessing clinical improvement. Hi‐MELASQOL and HRQOL scales were used to measure Melasma related quality of life and were compared between both groups. At each visit, adverse effects were noted. A significantly decreasing trend was seen regarding the MASI score when compared within the group, but the difference was statistically not significant between the two groups at 12 weeks. However, significant reduction in MASI score was attained earlier in the combination group than the control group. Similarly, there was significant improvement in Hi‐MELASQOL and HRQOL in both the groups, but the difference between them was statistically not significant. Side effects experienced by patients in both groups were trivial and did not require stoppage of therapy. This study concluded that topical TXA with GA peel has comparable result with GA peel alone, but the therapeutic response was achieved in patients of combination group earlier in comparison to control group patients.
Predictive value of laser speckle contrast analysis in systemic sclerosis. A systematic review and pilot study
Authors: Vanhaecke Amber , Debusschere Claire , Cutolo Maurizio , Smith Vanessa ,   The EULAR Study Group on Microcirculation in Rheumatic Diseases
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess whether tools to functionally examine the microcirculation, such as laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA), are predictive of ischaemic digital trophic lesions ([i]DTL) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsFirst, a systematic review (according to PRISMA) was conducted to identify studies describing a link between LASCA and SSc‐related (i)DTL. In the additional pilot study, consecutive SSc patients underwent clinical and LASCA examinations (to assess the peripheral blood perfusion [PBP] of both hands) at enrolment. For one year, a monthly telephone survey was conducted to investigate (i)DTL occurrence. Logistic regression and ROC analysis were performed.ResultsNone of the three manuscripts retained through the systematic review examined the predictive value of LASCA for future (i)DTL. In our pilot study, 7/106 (6.6%) SSc patients developed at least one iDTL during follow‐up, with PBP not found to be predictive (OR = 0.995, p = .418; ROC–AUC = 0.597). Post hoc, when only patients not taking vasodilators were analysed (n = 57), all three who developed iDTL had an average PBP ≤ 70 PU, while only 9/54 (16.7%) patients without iDTL occurrence had such values.ConclusionA predictive role of LASCA for (i)DTL has not yet been described in the literature and could also not be attested by our additional pilot study, due to a lower‐than‐expected iDTL incidence in our day‐to‐day SSc population in which patients were allowed to continue their vasodilator medication. However, the promising observations in the subgroup of vasodilator‐naïve patients encourage further investigation of this potential added value of LASCA.
Foraging for the fungus: why do Acromyrmex subterraneus (Formicidae) queens need to forage during the nest foundation phase?
Authors: Sales Tatiane A. , Toledo Antônio M. O. , Zimerer Arthur , Lopes Juliane F. S. 
Published: August 2021

1. Semiclaustral ant queens must pay the price of foraging to guarantee their survival and also that of their brood through the nest foundation phase. For leaf‐cutting ant species, the challenge is even greater, as they also need to cultivate their symbiont fungus.2. We hypothesised that suppressing foraging activity could reflect in larger offspring and higher survival, as queens would be entirely dedicated to rearing the brood and initial fungus.3. By providing easy access to leaves or completely denying it, we evaluated how foraging runs interfere in Acromyrmex subterraneus queens' survival, productivity, and variation of body mass components.4. Three foraging conditions were simulated: Starved – no leaves, Spoiled – leaves inside the nest chamber, and Walker – leaves 3 m away from the nest chamber. We registered the number of dead queens, offspring, weight of the fungus garden, fresh and lean dry mass of the queens, as well as their lipid and water contents.5. Survival of Starved queens, which did not oviposit, was lower than that of Spoiled and Walker queens, although weight loss, water content, and lean dry mass were similar. While lipid content reduction was similar for Spoiled and Walker queens, the former had more larvae and pupae, and a heavier fungus garden than the latter, suggesting a greater rearing effort of Spoiled queens toward them both.6. The simulated foraging conditions provided novel data for a semiclaustral leaf‐cutting ant species that evidences that fungus garden cultivation is definitively the main driving force for the colony founding success.
Severe freezing increases soil respiration during the thawing period: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Jianxin , Hong Jiangtao , Wei Da , Wang Xiaodan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is unclear how changes in soil freeze–thaw processes initiated by climate change might alter soil respiration. Using meta‐analysis, we quantified the thawing effect on soil respiration under different freezing intensities and explored possible relationships among effect sizes with environmental factors. Our results showed that the overall mean thawing effect size was 18.84% and was highly variable among different ecosystems. Mild soil freezing (≥−5°C) did not produce a significant thawing effect, while severe soil freezing (<−5°C) consistently increased soil respiration during the subsequent thawing period across a diverse range of terrestrial ecosystems. Thawing effect sizes were significantly positively correlated with soil pH and freezing duration, but negatively correlated with soil C/N ratios, suggesting that soil respiration during thawing periods are stimulated more by freeze–thawing events under conditions of higher soil pH, longer freezing periods or lower soil C/N ratios. Consequently, this study reveals the important role of antecedent soil freezing temperatures in triggering the thawing effect and furthers our understanding of climatic interactions with soil carbon dynamics.Highlights
Meta‐analysis was conducted to quantify the effect of thawing on soil respiration.
Mild soil freezing (≥−5°C) did not produce a significant thawing effect.
The threshold freezing temperature that triggers the thawing effect was around −5°C.
Thawing effect size was regulated by soil C/N ratio, soil pH, and freezing duration.
Treatment with the monoclonal calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor antibody erenumab: A real‐life study
Authors: de Vries Lentsch Simone , Verhagen Iris E. , van den Hoek Thomas C. , MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette , Terwindt Gisela M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeNew prophylactics for migraine, targeting calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), have recently emerged. Real‐world data are important for a comprehensive understanding of treatment response. We assessed the consistency of response to erenumab, a monoclonal CGRP receptor antibody, in a real‐world setting, in order to determine which patients may be considered responders in clinical practice.MethodsAll erenumab‐treated patients (n = 100) completed a time‐locked daily electronic diary, and an automated algorithm was used to monitor treatment response. Monthly migraine days (MMD), non‐migrainous headache days, days of acute medication use (MAMD), well‐being and coping with pain were assessed for a 6‐month period. The primary outcome was reduction in MMD compared to baseline.ResultsThe numbers of MMD and MAMD decreased in all months, in both episodic and chronic migraine patients, compared to baseline (p < 0.001), while general well‐being (p < 0.001) and coping with pain (p < 0.001) also improved. Of all patients, 36% had an MMD reduction of ≥50% in ≥3/6 months, and 6% had such a reduction in all 6 months. For a ≥30% MMD reduction, the figures were 60% and 24%, respectively. Almost 90% of patients with an average MMD reduction of ≥30% over the first 3 months had a sustained response in the last 3 months. In addition, 20% of patients without an initial response (average <30%), had a delayed response (average ≥30%) in the last 3 months.ConclusionErenumab was effective in migraine patients who were highly refractory to previous prophylactics. As a practical guideline, we propose that treatment be continued for at least 6 months and that patients with a ≥30% MMD reduction in at least half of the treatment period should be considered to be responders.
The coordination between leaf and fine root litter decomposition and the difference in their controlling factors
Authors: Guo Lulu , Deng Meifeng , Yang Sen , Liu Weixing , Wang Xin , Wang Jing , Liu Lingli 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimAs the two largest components of plant detritus input, leaf and root litter together determine ecosystem vegetation turnover and nutrient cycling rates. However, the similarities and differences between the factors controlling their decomposition remain unknown. We evaluated the relationship between leaf and fine root litter decomposition across biomes and analysed how litter traits, climate, soil conditions and decomposers shape their relationship.LocationGlobal.Time period1984–2020.Major taxa studiedVascular plants.MethodsWe collected 352 paired leaf and fine root decomposition rates (k values) and ancillary traits, climate, soil condition and decomposer abundance data from 88 sites spanning the major global biomes. Boosted regression trees (BRTs) were applied to partition the factors that control root and leaf decomposition rates.ResultsAveraged across all biomes, leaf litter decomposes significantly faster (kleaf = .72) than fine root litter (kroot = .42). The BRTs indicated that plant traits best explained the variance in both leaf and root litter decomposition. The key chemical traits of leaf litter and fine root litter, including C:N, [P], N:P, [lignin], [cellulose], [non‐structural carbohydrates] and [tannins], were positively correlated. Therefore, leaf and fine root k values were positively correlated within and across biomes, even after removing the influence of climate, soil conditions and decomposers. However, climate and decomposers had different impacts on leaf and fine root decomposition. Climate induced a greater impact on fine root litter decomposition, whereas decomposers had a greater influence on leaf litter decomposition.Main conclusionsOur finding indicates that plants evolve a coordinated nutrient supply‐and‐demand strategy. The plants with high nutrient demand produce labile leaf and fine root litter, which decomposes fast to meet their high nutrient requirements. However, leaf and fine root decomposition are also mediated by different combinations of trait, climate, soil condition and decomposer factors, which weakens the coordination between leaf and fine root decomposition.
Processing, microstructure, and mechanical properties of hot‐pressed ZrB2 ceramics with a complex Zr/Si/O‐based additive
Authors: Neuman Eric W. , Lai Benjamin J. , Watts Jeremy L. , Hilmas Gregory E. , Fahrenholtz William G. , Silvestroni Laura 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDensification behavior, microstructure, and mechanical properties of zirconium diboride (ZrB2) ceramics modified with a complex Zr/Si/O‐based additive were studied. ZrB2 ceramics with 5–20 vol.% additions of Zr/Si/O‐based additive were densified to >95% relative density at temperatures as low as 1400°C by hot‐pressing. Improved densification behavior of ZrB2 was observed with increasing additive content. The most effective additive amount for densification was 20 vol.%, hot‐pressed at 1400°C (∼98% relative density). Microstructural analysis revealed up to 7 vol.% of residual second phases in the final ceramics. Improved densification behavior was attributed to ductility of the silicide phase, liquid phase formation at the hot‐pressing temperatures, silicon wetting of ZrB2 particles, and reactions of surface oxides. Room temperature strength ranged from 390 to 750 MPa and elastic modulus ranged from 440 to 490 GPa. Vickers hardness ranged from 15 to 16 GPa, and indentation fracture toughness was between 4.0 and 4.3 MPa·m1/2. The most effective additive amount was 7.5 vol.%, which resulted in high relative density after hot‐pressing at 1600°C and the best combination of mechanical properties.