bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Разработка методики адсорбционной иммобилизации трипсина на ионообменных смолах
Authors: Ольшанникова Светлана Сергеевна , Сакибаев Фархат Адильжанович , Холявка Марина Геннадьевна , Артюхов Валерий Григорьевич 
Published: August 2021

Трипсин (КФ 3.4.21.4) является наиболее популярным ферментом в промышленности и биомедицине. Однако невозможность повторного использования и сложность восстановления делают его масштабное промышленное применение неэффективным и дорогостоящим. Решить эту проблему можно с помощью иммобилизации трипсина на ионообменных материалах. Целью работы было исследование закономерностей адсорбционной иммобилизации трипсина на ионообменных смолах для создание гетерогенного препарата на его основе, доступного для использования в отечественных лабораториях и промышленности.
Предложена методика иммобилизации трипсина на разных типах ионообменных смол: катионных смолах с функциональными группами –SO3H (КУ-2, КУ-2-8чС, IMAC-HP111), анионных смолах с активными группами –N+(CH3)3 (АВ-17-2П, Purolite A100), вторичными и третичными алифатическими аминогруппами и пиридиновыми группами (АВ-16-ГС), вторичными, третичными и четвертичными алифатическими аминогруппами (ЭДЭ-10-П). Подготовку к работе ионообменных смол и сорбционную иммобилизацию трипсина осуществляли по стандартным методикам. Измерение содержания белка в иммобилизованных препаратах трипсина проводили по модифицированному методу Лоури, протеазную активность образцов определяли на субстрате азоказеине, а эстеразную активностъ – на субстрате N-α-бензоил-DL-аргинин-n-нитроанилиде (BAPNA).
Полученные препараты трипсина, иммобилизованного на ионообменных смолах, могут стать основой для решения ряда проблем, возникающих при создании сорбентов для очистки сточных вод, при разделении и очистке различных веществ в химической промышленности, а также изучении потоков питательных веществ и внесении удобрений на полях.
Установлено, что оптимальное соотношение содержания белка (мг на г носителя), общей протеазной активности (ед на мл раствора) и удельной протеазной активности (ед на мг белка) наблюдается при иммобилизации трипсина на носителе ЭДЭ-10-П с фосфатным буфером, рН 11.0 и NaOH-KCl буфером, рН 12.0. Оптимальное соотношение содержания белка, общей эстеразной активности и удельной эстеразной активности получено при адсорбции трипсина на АВ-16-ГС с NaOH-KCl буфером, рН 12.0.
Равновесные и кинетические характеристики сорбции фенола неионогенным сорбентом FPX66
Authors: Марадуда Анастасия Александровна , Невская Валерия Валерьевна , Елисеева Татьяна Викторовна , Воронюк Ираида Владимировна 
Published: August 2021

Гидроксибензол, или фенол, является весьма опасным экотоксикантом, способным оказать пагубное воздействие на жизнь и здоровье человека. Исходя из этого, существует необходимость разработки эффективных технологий, способных очистить поверхностные и сточные воды от данного органического загрязнителя. Одной из возможных технологий извлечения фенола из его водных растворов может быть сорбция макросетчатым нефункционализированным полимером FPX66. В представленной работе изучены равновесные и кинетические характеристики процесса поглощения фенола исследуемым сорбентом. Изотерма сорбции фенола на FPX66, полученная методом переменных концентраций, описывается уравнением типа Фрейндлиха и имеет высокий коэффициент корреляции в соответствующих линейных координатах. Полученные данные позволяют сделать вывод о том, что поверхность изучаемого неионогенного сорбента не является однородной, сорбция фенола осуществляется неравномерно.
На основании кинетических кривых сорбции фенола, полученных в статических условиях, определено время достижения равновесия в системе при концентрации исходного раствора 6 ммоль/дм3 и температурах 298 и 323±2К. Отмечается, что с ростом температуры полная емкость сорбента по фенолу снижается, что обусловлено повреждением центров связывания сорбента при нагревании системы. Однако при этом с повышением температуры равновесие в системе достигается быстрее. Скорость процесса сорбции также растет при увеличении скорости перемешивания внешнего раствора фенола. Исследование проведено при 150, 200 и 250 об/мин термостатируемого шейкера.
Оценка лимитирующей стадии сорбционного процесса сделана с использованием формального подхода, основанного на применении уравнений Бойда-Адамсона для внешней и внутренней диффузии. Результаты показывают, что основное влияние на извлечение гидроксибензола неионогенным сорбентом FPX66 оказывает стадия внешней диффузии сорбата к поверхности гранул сорбента.
The Effect Of Noise On The Level of Concentration In Wood Cutting Workers In Arjasa District, Jember District
Authors: Setiaji Waskito , Handoko Adelia , Elfiah Ulfa 
Published: August 2021

Disorders of concentration in workers can cause workplace accidents due to decreased ability to focus attention when working. The annual work accident rate is estimated at 250 million with 1.2 million people dead. One of the causes of disturbances in worker concentration is the physical factor in the form of noise. One of the high intensity noise is found in the wood cutting industry in Arjasa District, Jember. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of noise on the concentration level in wood cutting workers in Arjasa District, Jember. This is an analytic observational research with cross sectional study. The respondents amounted to 32 people taken with purposive sampling. The measurement of noise was using a sound level meter. The measurement of concentration level using Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B. Concentration level measurement is done when the respondent has worked for 30 minute. The results of the study showed that the majority of respondents were aged between 25-28 years (28.1%) and had worked less than the same as 2 years (53.1%). The average noise intensity of the wood cutting area was 97.5 dB (A) and the loading and unloading area was 76.2 dB (A). Average noise intensity of the wood cutting area exceeds the noise threshold value. The level of concentration of workers in the wood cutting area is lower than the loading and unloading area workers. The results of data analysis using the independent t test indicate that there are differences in the mean TMT B score: TMT A between respondents who work in noisy and non-noisy environments (p=0,004). There was a noise effect on the concentration level in wood cutting workers in Arjasa District, Jember Regency.
Keywords: Noise, concentration, wood cutting workers
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Contamination of Entamoeba sp. cyst and Soil-Transmitted Helminths egg on Dug Well Water
Authors: Fahmi Iza Billa , Sulistyaningsih Erma , Darmawan Dion Krismashogi 
Published: August 2021

Dug well water is often polluted by fecal waste containment such as septic tank and pit latrine system due to its distance. The common pathogenic parasites found in fecal waste containment are E. histolytica and Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH). The port de entry of both parasites is ingestion of contaminated food or water by fecal materials. This study was aimed to analyze factors affecting the existence of Entamoeba sp. cyst and STH egg on dug well water in Bungatan Village, Situbondo. This observational analytic study used cross-sectional approach, carried out 30 respondents in Bungatan Village, Situbondo. Entamoeba sp. cyst and STH egg were examined using sedimentation method, the distance of fecal waste containment to dug well measured by measuring tape. The characteristic of fecal waste containment and dug well was observed using questionnaires. The results showed 100% fecal containment used pit latrine system, 100% had an incomplete well standard, 66,7% had unstandardized distance with fecal waste containment. Entamoeba sp. cyst and STH egg were not found on all water samples. The soil condition near the dug well (acidity, temperature, moisture, and sunlight intensity) and physical condition (temperature) of dug well water were inappropriate to the development of Entamoeba sp. cyst and STH egg. The dug well's component and its distance to fecal containment did not affect Entamoeba sp. cyst and STH egg existence in all dug well water. The physical soil condition near the dug well and the temperature of dug well water were inappropriate to the development of both parasites.
Keywords: Entamoeba sp., Soil Transmitted Helminths, Dug Well, Fecal Waste Containment
Special Issue on Nursing Robots and Support Systems for Welfare Sites
Authors: Fujisawa Shoichiro , Takaiwa Masahiro , Hirata Yasuhisa , Kotosaka Shinya , Chugo Daisuke 
Published: August 2021

Japan’s population is aging at a speed unprecedented in the world, and its shortage of caregivers has become a major issue. At the same time, the Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to create unprecedented new value by connecting all people and things, allowing them to share various kinds of knowledge and information. In addition, as artificial intelligence (AI) and big data are undergoing a transformation that is changing the value of human labor, robots incorporating these innovative technologies are expected to solve the problems of the aging society. On the other hand, in the field of nursing care, the relationship between the caregiver and the care-receiver is basically a person-to-person connection. There is a question of how people and technology can coexist and produce new creations in such fields.
This special issue on Nursing Robots and Support Systems for Welfare Sites includes one review paper and 23 other interesting papers that cover the following topics:
ı Research on independence support and systems to watch over the elderly.
ı Research on support systems for diet, recreation, medication, etc. for people with dementia.
ı Research on control and sensor systems for vital signs and excretion.
ı Research on rehabilitation equipment for the physically handicapped.
ı Research on assistive technologies for mobility support.
ı Research on upper and lower limb power assistance devices and robots.
We thank all authors and reviewers of the papers as well as the Editorial Board of the Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics for their help with this special issue.
Red Sea Holocene carbonates: Windward platform margin and lagoon near Al-Wajh, northern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Steinhauff D. Mark , Abubshait Abduljaleel , Purkis Sam J. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTAnalysis of Holocene sedimentary seascape is focused on the Red Sea windward Al-Wajh platform margin, its central lagoon, and nearby isolated platforms based on data that include mapped ecological facies (habitats), water depths, grain sizes, and allochem types and abundances determined from thin sections. On this basis, a depositional model applicable to Red Sea Plio-Pleistocene and other ancient icehouse carbonate platforms is presented. The model highlights favorable reservoirs in analogous ancient systems to include coral crests and columnar framework habitats with primary porosity developed in boundstone lithologies and windward platform margins to contain considerable open pore space, including cavernous openings, of which not all should be anticipated to be occluded with marine cements and sediments. Meteoric diagenesis is expected to be minor as limited freshwater is available due to extreme aridity, but may play a role during glaciation.Most habitats have potential for secondary (enhanced) porosity resulting from dissolution of aragonite skeletons, particularly mollusk shells and calcareous coral (Scleractinia) endoskeletons. Central-lagoon habitats are expected to have the least favorable reservoir potential of environments considered because they are dominated by peloids. Central-lagoon sediment differs from other published localities, having higher peloid abundances, greater peloid distribution, and little or no association with Halimeda and quartz grains. Under the likely scenario that platform-interior sediments are completely bioturbated and comprise peloid-rich, grain-dominated fabrics, with many smaller peloids (most of them likely fecal pellets) at or near 4 μm in size (i.e., mud fraction), it is possible that grain size will control pore size once the considered deposits are lithified. If so, platform-interior sediments will lithify as mudstones, wackestones, or very fine-grained grainstones, an outcome which might otherwise be unexpected given the abundance of coarse peloid grains.The Al-Wajh platform is compared with 15 Holocene analogs and found to be unique with respect to rift-margin type, restricted-marine circulation, in having a lagoon with high peloid content, and lack of karst. In further comparison with ancient reservoir analogs, two greenhouse and four icehouse, it compares favorably to icehouse platforms deposited in rift basins with respect to mineralogy of deposition, meter-scale cycle thicknesses, and general peloid content and distribution. It provides a snapshot as to how an icehouse platform might have nucleated and attached along an active rift margin; it is a broadly applicable carbonate analog for the Red Sea Plio-Pleistocene and similar icehouse, rift basins.
Lack of association between patients characteristics and carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in community settings in Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Onduru Onduru Gervas , Rumisha Susan Fred , Mkakosya Rajhab Sawasawa , Bunduki Gabriel Kambale , Aboud Said 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are global health threat contributing to increased morbidity and mortality in resource-constrained countries. This cross sectional study examined factors associated with the carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) in community patients in Blantyre, Malawi. Methods: We collected rectal swabs and urine samples from randomly recruited participants and screened for ESBL-E on CHROMagarTM ESBL medium (CHROMagar, Paris, France). The ESBL-E isolates were identified using commercially acquired biochemical strips (Microbact™ GNB, Oxoid, UK) and production of ESBL was confirmed by the combination disk test using cefotaxime and ceftazidime disks with and without clavulanic acid. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done by the disc diffusion method and interpreted according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2019. Univariate logistic regression was used to evaluate association between ESBL-E carriage and the assosiated factors. To quantify relationships, dichotomous variables were compared using Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher exact test as appropriate and continuous variables were compared using the Student’s t-test. Results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence intervalResults A total of 50 community patients with ESBL-E phenotypes were identified from 300 adults recruited in the study, which gave a ESBL-E prevalence of 16.67% (50/300, 95% CI=12.43-20.91%). The mean age ±SD of participants was 32.41±12.07 years; range, 18-75 years and 54.33% (163/300) were women. on unadjusted logistic regression, no association between carriage of ESBL-E and community patient characteristics was observed.Conclussions The carriage of ESBL-E is prevalent in the community in Blantyre-Malawi. Nevertheless, factors associated with this carriage remain unidentified. Further investigations including large case-control and molecular studies using one health approach are required to confirm community-based transmission of ESBLs and to determine the factors, reservoirs and vehicles associated with the dissemination of ESBL within the community in Blantyre, Malawi.
Impact of a Novel Approach for Undergraduate Medical Ethics Education in The Middle East and South Asia
Authors: Shamim Muhammad Shahid , Baig Lubna , Torda Adrienne , Balasooriya Chinthaka 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Complexities of ethics education, combined with socio-cultural issues specific to the medical curricula of the developing country context, have created resource constraints that impact medical ethics education delivery in countries like Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. These constraints include the dearth of contextually relevant texts, shortage of trained teachers and confines in institutional regulations in the regions. Focused strategies are required to address these constraints. Workbook-based ethics learning (WBEL) is one such strategy based on a contextually relevant ethics education model.
Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ethics education, delivered through the WBEL strategy, on students’ learning and satisfaction in medical colleges of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia.
Methods

A pre-post-test intervention study was conducted in two medical colleges, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Pakistan and King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. An ethics course was structured using the WBEL strategy and delivered to early clinical years medical students. The impact on student learning was measured by pre-and-post administration of a set of Key Feature Questions (KFQ) and a Script Concordance Test (SCT). A twenty-eight-item course feedback questionnaire was developed to collect students’ perceptions regarding the WBEL strategy.
Results

Of the total 125 students who consented, 90 (72%) completed the pre-and post-test measures, and 103 returned the feedback forms at the two sites. The post-test scores in KFQs were significantly higher than pretest scores in both Pakistani and Saudi students (p-value < 0.001). There was no significant pre-to-post difference in overall SCT scores (p = 0.057). The majority of participants considered the overall course to be valuable. They provided positive feedback on the Workbook’s usefulness and the enhancement of critical thinking within the course. Ethics case discussions, classroom quizzes, and reflective writing were considered most effective for learning during the course.
Conclusion

The findings suggest that the WBEL is a promising way forward in medical ethics education as it resulted in a notable increase in participants’ knowledge and ethical decision-making skills. The study also provides evidence of feasibility for using the WBEL strategy for teaching ethics in resource-limited regions.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Study on Hypertension Reduction Based on Disease Control Priorities to Manage High Blood Pressure
Authors: Khan Subhana Akber , Khan Shahzad Ali , Hafeez Assad , Zaka Arif 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOne of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to reduce the prevalence of hypertension by 25% by year 2025. In Pakistan, prevalence of hypertension is reported to be 24.9% among males and in females the prevalence is 24.7%. The purpose of this study was to test the deliverability of a multicomponent based intervention for reduction of high blood pressure to recommended 140/90 mm of Hg and to test its effectiveness in control of hypertension among hypertensive patients.MethodsUsing a randomized controlled trial, double blinded study design, the intervention was pilot-tested for its appropriateness for implementation in hospital. The intervention was given to hypertensive patients in the intervention group. A total of 240 participants were screened and recruited into the trial after obtaining an informed consent. An ethical approval was sought from Health Services Academy. Data was collected from December 2019 to March 2020. All the data was entered and analyzed uing SPSS version 21.ResultsImplementation of a multi-component intervention to test DCP3 based strategies for management and control of hypertension in a hospital setting during three months yielded – 23.9 mm Hg of systolic blood pressure reduction (95% confidence interval, p ≤ 0.005). A significant reduction in the blood pressure to recommended target in intervention group was achieved in 6th, 8th and 12th week. As compared to patients in usual care group, improved health outcomes were achieved for diet control, reduction in salt intake and an increased physical exercise among hypertensive patients. Regular follow up and strict adherence to prescribed medicines was observed in both groups.ConclusionStudy findings concluded that the multicomponent intervention particlulary use of low salt and lifestyle modifications is effective in hypertension reduction. Involving family members of the patient was an essential component of non-pharmacologocal treatment which was found to be beneficial for management and control of hypertension.Trial registration: The study was registered in clinicaltrials.gov number NCT04336631 dated April 07, 2020.
Diagnostic Performance of Noninvasive Imaging Modalities for Localization of Insulinoma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Yi , Shi Jian , Zhu Jianbing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundInsulinomas is the most common functional neuroendocrine tumor found only in the pancreas. The early detection of insulinoma is of importance. Studies comparing the performance of noninvasive modalities were limited by sample size and heterogeneity between studies. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of PET/CT, SPECT/CT, CT and MRI for the localization of insulinoma, and to provide evidence for clinical practice.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched from inception to May 31, 2021. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive Likelihood Ratio (+LR) and negative Likelihood Ratio (-LR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and concordance rate were calculated.ResultsA total of 19 studies including 708 patients of insulinoma reached the inclusion criteria. PET/CT imaging demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.54–0.92) and a pooled specificity of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.20–0.99). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of SPECT/CT were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.46–0.93) and 0.45 (95% CI: 0.22–0.70). CT showed an overall sensitivity of 0.54 (95% CI:0.35–0.72) and specificity of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.54–0.88). The pooled sensitivity and specificity for MRI were 0.54 (95% CI: 0.31–0.75) and 0.65 (95% CI: 0.39–0.84), respectively. The concordance rates of PET, SPECT, CT, and MRI were 78% (95% CI: 66%-90%), 74% (95% CI: 52%-97%), 56% (95% CI: 41%-72%), and 53% (95% CI: 33%-73%), respectively.ConclusionResults of this study indicate that PET/CT demonstrated superior performance than SPECT/CT, CT and MRI for the localization of insulinoma. GLP-1R based PET/CT manifested better diagnostic performance in comparison with SSTR based PET/CT imaging modality.