bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doassansia sagittariae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Mordue J. E. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Doassansia sagittariae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Sagittaria
species, including
S. sagittifolia, S. calycinus, S. cuneata, S. graminea, S. heterophylla, S. lancifolia, S. latifolia, S. montevidensis, S. natans
. DISEASE: Leaf spot of
Sagittaria
species. The round or sometimes vein-limited, angular, spots often cover a large proportion of the leaf surface and are then very conspicuous. The disease usually appears on the plants year after year and is present throughout the vegetative season of the host, athough most obvious in the later part of that season. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in north temperate regions (33, 634). Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia (European region), Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine; Asia: Russia (Republic of Georgia, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Yakutskaya ASSR; Ul'yanishchev, 1952); North America: Canada (British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan; 46, 3383), USA (central states, north east states; Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, ME, Missouri, MT, North Dakota, New York, Ohio, South Dakota, Texas, Vermont, Wiskonsin, Wyoming; 69, 2765); South America: Argentina. TRANSMISSION: From the habitat of the host plants water is assumed to be important in dissemination and infection. Germination of ustilospores either before or after release of spore balls by decay of host leaves inevitably results in presence of basidiospores in water. Liro (1938) suggested the probability of a saprophytic, budding phase in water, followed by early stages of host infection under water, but no detailed studies have been reported.
Emericella nidulans
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Zofia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Emericella nidulans
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Worldwide in soils, but also from cereals and cereal products (Pitt & Hocking, 1985). DISEASES:
On animals
: It has been isolated from guttural pouch mycoses in horses (Weiler
et al.
, 1991) and bovine abortion (Knudtson & Kirkbridge, 1992).
On man
: Isolated from pulmonary invasive aspergillosis (Moreau
et al.
, 1993; Walmsley
et al.
, 1993; Mizuki
et al.
, 1994), and cerebral aspergillosis (Tong
et al.
, 1990). It has also been isolated from human skin, nails and nasal cavities (Smith, 1989), and from AIDS patients (Staib
et al.
, 1989). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide in soils, but with a preference for subtropical and tropical regions.
Penicillium expansum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Z. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Penicillium expansum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: The primary ecological niche for this species is pomaceous fruits, isolations come predominantly from rotting apples and pears. However,
P. expansum
has also been isolated from vegetables or the rhizosphere soil of such plants (Frisvad & Filtenborg, 1989). DISEASES:
On plants
: Causes apple rots.
On man
: isolated from a case of hypersensitive pneumonitis (Park
et al.
, 1994). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Gladiolus
sp. Also known to infect
Babania, Crocosmia
(=
Montbretia), Crocus, Freesia
, bulbous
Iris, Ixia, Sparaxis, Streptanthera, Tritonia
and
Washingtonia (Iridaceae
), causing corm rot or yellows symptoms (McClellan, 1945; 73, 3171; 74, 1746). DISEASE: Corm rot, basal dry rot, yellows. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread. TRANSMISSION: By infected corms used as planting material. Via movement of contaminated soil. Local dispersal is by water flow and droplet splash containing macro- or microconidia.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Linum
spp., including
L. usitatissimum
L. (flax, linseed),
L. angustifolium
Huds. and
L. crepitans
Boemingh. (Kommedahl
et al.
, 1970). It has also been reported to colonize roots of some weeds, including
Veronica persica
Poir.,
Stellaria media
Cyrill.,
Lamium purpureum
L.,
Capsella bursa-pastoris
Medic. and
Sonchus arvensis
[Sonchus wightianus]
L. (67, 1649). DISEASE: Vascular wilt. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread where
Linum
is cultivated. TRANSMISSION: In seed and infected plant parts. Also by movement of contaminated soil during cultivation. Local dispersal is by water flow and splash droplets containing macro- or microconidia.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Lycopersicon
spp., including
L. esculentum
Mill. (tomato). Plants from several families may also be susceptible to some strains, in particular
Capsicum frutescens
L.,
Solanum melongena
L. (
Solanaceae
),
Arachis hypogea
L.,
Astragalus glycyphyllos
L.,
Glycine max
(L.) Merr.,
Phaseolus vulgaris
L.,
Pisum sativum
L.,
Trifolium
spp.,
Vicia faba
L., (
Leguminosae
),
Cucumis
spp. (
Cucurbitaceae
),
Beta vulgaris
L. and
Spinacia oleracea
L. (
Chenopodiaceae
) (Jarvis & Shoemaker, 1978; 69, 7094; 73, 7659). DISEASE: Crown and root rot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Crete, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Spain, Sweden, The Netherlands, UK, USA. TRANSMISSION: Long range dissemination is via contaminated seed (73, 5786), diseased planting material (70, 1472) and by movement of infected soil/compost (64, 2160). Locally, conidia are readily spread by water flow, e.g. in irrigation or hydroponic systems (71, 4871, 4872, 6378). Some airborne dispersal of microconidia has been detected in glasshouses (Rowe
et al.
, 1977), presumably resulting from splash droplet formation following sporulation on nearby plant debris. Fungus gnats have been reported to transport the fungus (73, 5534).
Coccodiella arundinariae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Coccodiella arundinariae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Various bamboos; recorded from
Arundinaria
sp. (Eriksson & Yue, 1990),
Dendrocalamus latiflorus, Phyllostachys
sp.,
Pleioblastus simonii
and
Sasa
sp. (Eriksson & Yue, 1990). DISEASE: Black erumpent stromata causing inconspicuous lesions on leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: China, Japan, Taiwan. TRANSMISSION: Not studied in detail, but almost certainly by air dispersal of ascospores, followed by germination and appressorium formation on the host tissue.
Isothea rhytismoides
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Isothea rhytismoides
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Dryas integrifolia, D. octopetala
. DISEASE: Tar spot of living leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Austria, Canada, Faeroe Islands, Germany, Greenland, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom (Scotland). TRANSMISSION: Ascospores are wind-dispersed, germinating to produce appressoria and infection pegs on surrounding living leaves.
Coccomyces leptideus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Coccomyces leptideus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Gaultheria shallon
(twig),
Rhododendron macrophyllum
(twig),
Vaccinium myrtillus
(stem, twig),
V. vitis-idaea
(leaf, twig),
Vaccinium
sp. (stem, twig). Most records are from
V. myrtillus
. On
Vaccinium
species the fungus tends to be (and is most easily) found more often on taller bushes, but can also occur in arctic-alpine conditions on extremely low bushes. DISEASE: Like several other members of the
Rhytismataceae
on the
Ericaceae
, e.g.
Lophodermium vagulum
(IMI Description 789) and
Terriera cladophila
(IMI Description 1296),
Coccomyces leptideus
colonizes living twigs and ascomata may be found on pale subapical regions of dead bark on these twigs, while distal parts remain apparently healthy.
Coccomyces leptideus
is also found on recently killed twigs, though it is not clear it the fungus is responsible for their death. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Austria, Estonia, Finland, France, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Russia (Caucasus), Sweden, Switzerland, UK (Scotland, Wales), Ukraine, USA (Oregon, Washington). Altitude records exist up to 1900m (France), 1850m (Ukraine), 1070m (Scotland) and 870m (Norway). For further comment on the distribution of this species, see IMI Description 1296 (
Terriera cladophila
). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions. In the temperate northern hemisphere, ascocarps probably mostly open in late summer and early autumn.
Colpoma ledi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Colpoma ledi
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Ledum palustre
(twig),
Ledum
sp. (twig). DISEASE:
Colpoma ledi
occurs on dead attached twigs which it appears to have killed. Colonized regions of the twig are typically soft and mechanically weaker than other parts. A practised collector may be able to find colonies by the feel of the twig alone. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Estonia, Finland, Germany, Poland, Sweden. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions; rather old ascomata still containing ascospores have been observed in September.
Therrya pini
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Therrya pini
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Pinus mugo
(branch),
P. murrayana, P. strobus, P. sylvestris
(twig). Most records are on
P. sylvestris
. DISEASE:
Therrya pini
and
T. fuckelii
(IMI Description 1297) are both most commonly encountered on a particular category of dead fallen twigs: these twigs never have needles attached, they are usually rather brittle, and the bark is characteristically a rather bright red-brown than on fallen twigs not colonized by these species. Furthermore, the twigs usually have no lichens or bracket fungi growing on them, and have generally not yet been attacked by wood-destroying insects. Both species may also be found on brittle dead attached twigs. At present the exact habitats these two fungi occupy have not been distinguished, and they represent another interesting case of sympatric evolution in the
Rhytismatales
. It seems likely that, like
Colpoma quercinum
on
Quercus
spp. (IMI Description 942), these two fungi have a role in the self-pruning of the tree. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Norway, Poland, Sweden, UK (England, Scotland), Ukraine. Altitude records exist up to 320m (Scotland). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions. In north-west Europe, open ascomata containing ascospores have been observed in August.
Leucostoma persoonii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hayova V. P. , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Leucostoma persoonii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE:
Leucostoma persoonii
is a widespread wound pathogen of fruit trees, especially of stone-fruit trees, being encountered mainly as the anamorph. It is a causal agent of mass wilting of branches and of dieback of young trees, commonly called '
Cytospora
canker disease'. Infection sites may be in decaying fruit racemes and bark fissures due to excessive gum production following wounding or insect attack. The effect of fungicides on incidence of
Leucostoma
canker in stone-fruit trees was studied by Northover (1992). Biggs & Peterson (1990) investigated the effect of chemical applications to bark wounds on accumulation of lignin and suberin, and susceptibility of trees to
Leucostoma persoonii
. A virus-like particle of
L. persoonii
was isolated in pure culture and its characteristics were described (Jensen
et al.
, 1995). Comparative anatomy and host response of peach cultivars inoculated with
L. persoonii
was studied by Biggs (1986). An association between cultivar variation and temporal changes in the infection court after wounding of peach bark was demonstrated when twigs were infected by the fungus (Biggs, 1989). HOSTS: On dead or dying, attached or fallen twigs mainly of members of the Rosaceae (
Amelanchier, Armeniaca, Cerasus, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Malus, Padus, Persica, Prunus, Pyrus, Rosa, Sorbus
), but also on
Alnus
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa. Asia: Armenia, Cyprus, Republic of Georgia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Russia, Turkmenia. Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Rumania, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, Ukraine. North America: Canada (Alberta, Ontario), Mexico, USA (California, Colorado, Florida, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, West Virginia). South America: Brazil. TRANSMISSION: Both conidia and ascospores are air-borne, especially under humid conditions. In this case red or dark red droplets or tendrils of conidia are often exuded from the conidiomata. Viable spores are available throughout the year, with a summer maximum, and are affected by temperature and moisture. It is also known that arthropods can carry propagules in stone-fruit orchards (Helton
et al.
, 1988).
Leveillula cylindrospora
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Heluta V. P. , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Leveillula cylindrospora
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Powdery mildew of members of the Chenopodiaceae. Mycelium and ascomata form white, then dirty-grey layers on damaged green parts of the host. The fungus is potentially dangerous for some cultivated plants, for example, beet. Records from Italy and Corsica identified as
Leveillula taurica
s.l. on
Beta maritima
(Amano, 1986) probably belong in
L. cylindrospora
. HOSTS:
Atriplex halimus, A. sphaeromorpha, A. tatarica, A. turcomanica, Ceratoides fruticulosa, C. papposa, Chenopodium album, C. ambrosioides, C. anthelminticum, C. murale, C. rubrum, Corispermum hyssopifolium, Kochia prostrata, K. scoparia, K. sieversiana, Noaea mucronata, Salsola arbuscula, S. australis
(incl.
S
.
iberica & S. ruthenica
),
S. canescens, S. kali, S. laricifolia, S. paletzkiana, S. richteri, S. soda, S. tamamschjanae
(Chenopodiaceae). [Type host -
Ceratoides papposa
(
Eurotia ceratoides
)] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Canary Islands, Morocco. Asia (temperate areas only): Azerbaijan, Armenia, China, Republic of Georgia, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, Korea, Lebanon, Pakistan, Russia (north Caucasus, south Siberia), Tadzhikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Europe: France, Italy, Portugal, Rumania, Russia (southeastern areas of European part, south Urals), Spain, Turkey (European part), Ukraine (southern). TRANSMISSION: By wind-dispersed conidia. The rôle of ascospores in disease transmission is unknown, although it has been supposed that they can cause the initial stage of the disease, because ascomata containing asci and ascospores have been observed after winter (Gaponenko
et al.
, 1983, p. 177).
Leveillula duriaei
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Heluta V. P. , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Leveillula duriaei
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Powdery mildew of different plants of the Lamiaceae only. Potentially dangerous for some cultivated medicinal and volatile oil plants, for example, hyssop or clary. HOSTS:
Ballota acuta
(
B. rupestris
),
B. saxatilis, Calamintha
sp.,
Dracocephalum bipinnatum, D. discolor, D. integrifolium, D. peregrinum, Eremostachys labiosa, E. speciosa, Hymenocrater elegans, Hyssopus officinalis, Lagochilus cabulicus, L. diacanthophyllus, L. paulsenii, L. platycalyx, L. pungens, L. seravschanicus, Lavandula multifida, Leonurus turkestanicus, Leucas aspera, Marrubium alternidens, M. incanum, M. lanatum, M. parviflorum, M. peregrinum
(
M. creticum
),
M. persicum, M. praecox
(
M. pestalozzae
),
M. praecox
×
peregrinum, M. propinquum, M. supinum, M. vulgare, Mentha × piperita
(
M. aquatica
×
spicata
),
M
. ×
verticillata
(
M. aquatica
×
arvensis
),
Nepeta coerulea, N. pannonica, N. podostachys, Perovskia scrophulariifolia, Phlomis armeniaca, P. bovei, P. brevilabris, P. caucasica, P. fruticetorum, P. fruticosa, P. grandiflora, P. herba-venti, P. lychnitis, P. maroccana, P. olgae, P. orientalis, P. pratensis, P. pungens, P. purpurea, P. salicifolia, P. samia, P. taurica, P. thapsoides, P. tuberosa, Physostegia virginiana
(
Dracocephalum virginianum
),
Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia amplexicaulis, S. bucharica, S. deserta, S. fominii, S. glutinosa, S. limbata, S. nemorosa
s.l. (incl.
S. illuminata, S. sylvestris, S. tesquicola
),
S. nutans, S. pratensis, S. verticillata, S. virgata
(
S. similata
),
Scutellaria multicaulis, S. przewalskii, S. transiliensis, Stachys parviflora, Teucrium chamaedrys, T. creticum, T. divaricatum, T. krymense, T. orientale, T. polium, T. riparium, Thymus capitatus, T. collinus, T. cotschyanus, T. transcaspicus
. [Type species -
Phlomis herba-venti
] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Morocco, Republic of South Africa, 'Rhodesia'. Asia (temperate areas only): Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, India, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Lebanon, Russia (southeastern Siberia), Tadzhikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Europe: Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy (including Sicily), Portugal, Rumania, Russia (southern areas of European part), Slovakia, Spain, Turkey (European part), Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: By wind-dispersed conidia. The rôle of ascospores in disease transmission is unknown, although it has been supposed that they can cause the initial stage of the disease.
Cucurbitaria laburni
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cucurbitaria laburni
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Laburnum anagyroides, L. alpinum, Cytisus capitatus, C. pungens, C. radiatus
. DISEASE: not researched, but its presence as a primary colonizer of recently dead bark suggests that it is most probably a weak pathogen affecting moribund twigs and branches, possibly following an endophytic phase. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Temperate Europe and North America. Recorded from the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine and USA (New York, Ohio). TRANSMISSION: not studied, but the ascospores must be air-dispersed and the conidia are probably transmitted primarily through water-splash.
Parodiella hedysari
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Parodiella hedysari
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Occurs on leaves of a wide range of papilionoid Leguminosae. Recorded from
Aeschynomene nyasana, Alysicarpus vaginalis, Amphicarpaea
sp.,
Atylosia grandiflora, A. scarabaeoides, Clitoria rubiginosa, Crotalaria albida, C. calycina, C. juncea, C. mysorenis, C. ononoides, C. ovalis, C. prostrata, C. retusa, Desmodium acuminatum, D. adscendens, D. barbatum, D. canadense, D. canescens, D. gangeticum, D. laxiflorum, D. marilandicum, D. microphyllum, D. obtusum, D. paniculatum, D. scorpiurus, D. strictum, D. triflorum, Dolichos malosanus, Eriosema violaceum, Flemingia cumingiana, F. macrophyllla, F. parviflora, Gleditsia triacanthos, Hedysarum sp., Indigofera daleoides, I. prostrata, I. spicata, I. suffruticosa, I. swaziensis, I. tanganyikensis, Kotschya strigosa, Lablab purpureus, Lespedeza cuneata, L. sericea, Maprounea africana, Mucuna
sp.,
Neorautenenia pseudopachyrhiza, Pediomelum argophyllum, P. cuspidatum, P. digitatum, Phaseolus linearis, Psoralea
sp.,
Rhynchosia cinerea, R. R. difformis, R. reniformis, R. senna, R. tomentosa, Sesbania micrantha, Smithia bigemina, Strophostyles helvola, Tephrosia
sp. and
Vigna vexillata
. DISEASE:
Parodiella hedysari
is a biotrophic parasite, which apparently causes little damage to tissues even when the leaf is completely covered in ascomata. Presumably at least a significant loss of photosynthetic potential must occur. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Very widely distributed throughout the tropics and warm temperate regions, and in North America extending almost to the Canadian border. Reported from: Argentina, Australia (Queensland), Botswana, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sarawak, Sierra Leone, Trinidad, Uganda, USA (Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Wisconsin), Zaire, Zambia and Zimbabwe. TRANSMISSION: no studies have been made, but ascospores are almost certainly wind- dispersed.