bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perilaku Memilih Umpan Dengan Fagostimulan Yang Berbeda Pada Kecoak Jerman Blattella germanica L. (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)
Authors: Aliefia Rizky Arjunnajat , Ambarningrum Trisnowati Budi , Basuki Edi 
Published: February 2021

Kecoak Jerman (Blattella germanica L.) merupakan salah satu serangga hama permukiman yang penting, karena peranannya sebagai vektor penyakit. Untuk mengurangi populasinya, dapat digunakan dengan teknik pengumpanan. Namun belakangan ini muncul perilaku glucose aversion pada kecoak Jerman terhadap umpan komersial berbasis glukosa sebagai fagostimulan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan kaji ulang terhadap fagostimulan sebagai komponen umpan untuk meminimalisir kegagalan pengendalian kecoak Jerman berbasis umpan dengan menggunakan kecoak Jerman jantan strain VCRU (Vector Control Research Unit). Langkah awal untuk membuat formulasi umpan tersebut adalah mencari fagostimulan yang paling disukai oleh kecoak Jerman. Bahan yang digunakan sebagai fagostimulan adalah gula, durian, erythritol, dan pisang.
Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui perilaku memilih kecoak Jerman terhadap umpan dengan fagostimulan yang berbeda dan puncak aktivitas makan pada kecoak Jerman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan pemberian fagostimulan dan diulang sebanyak 4 kali yang terbagi menjadi empat arena uji. Perlakuan terdiri dari umpan yang masing-masing mengandung gula, durian, erythritol, dan pisang sebagai fagostimulan. Pengamatan perilaku menggunakan metode behavior sampling yang dicatat secara continuous recording selama 24 jam menggunakan kamera Closed Circuit Television (CCTV). Parameter yang diukur berupa latensi, frekuensi, durasi, dan puncak aktivitas makan dari kecoak Jerman. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan ANOVA pada p<0.05.
Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa perilaku memilih kecoak jantan strain VCRU terhadap umpan tidak berbeda nyata (p>0.05) dan tertarik dengan semua umpan yang diberikan, tetapi umpan gel dengan fagostimulan gula merupakan umpan yang lebih disukai dengan melihat ketiga parameter latensi, frekuensi, dan durasi. Hasil rata-rata latensi pada strain VCRU menuju gel durian selama 17 menit, rata-rata frekuensi kunjungan terbanyak ke gel gula pada strain VCRU sebanyak 10 kali, rata-rata durasi terlama pada gel gula strain VCRU selama 1 menit 46 detik dan puncak aktivitas makan strain VCRU terjadi antara pukul 17.00 – 20.00.
Strategi Negosiasi Jepang dalam Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement For Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)
Authors: Firza Hilfi Biyan 
Published: February 2021

Abstrak
Proses liberalisasi perdagangan Jepang selama ini selalu menghindari untuk melakukan liberalisasi di bidang agrikultur. Namun pada kerja sama Trans Pacific Partnership isu liberalisasi perdagangan di bidang agrikultur mulai dibahas. Kerja sama Trans Pacific Partnership berubah menjadi Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans Pacific Partnership dan menjadi kerja sama pertama bagi Jepang yang membahas isu agrikultur secara masif. Tulisan ini akan membahas mengenai strategi negosiasi Jepang di dalam negeri dan di luar negeri dengan mempertahankan win-set yang menjadi acuan dalam negosiasi. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dalam menjelaskan strategi yang digunakan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan sekunder seperti dokumen kesepakatan CPTPP dan berita. Strategi negosiasi Jepang di CPTPP di luar negeri dengan melakukan negosiasi pararel dengan Amerika Serikat. Sedangkan di dalam negeri strategi dilakukan dengan melakukan reformasi pada organisasi JA Zenchu. Strategi negosiasi yang dilakukan berhasil untuk mencapai kesepakatan CPTPP yang bisa diterima di dalam negeri Jepang.
Abstract
Japan's trade liberalization process has always avoided making liberalization in agriculture. But in the Trans Pacific Partnership cooperation the issue of trade liberalization in agriculture began to be discussed. The Trans Pacific Partnership partnership turned into a Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for the Trans Pacific Partnership and became the first collaboration for Japan to discuss the issue of agriculture on a massive scale. This paper will discuss the Japanese negotiation strategy at home and abroad by maintaining the win-set as a reference in the negotiations. This paper uses qualitative research methods in explaining the strategies used. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data such as CPTPP agreement documents and news. Japan's negotiating strategy at CPTPP abroad is by conducting parallel negotiations with the United States. Whereas in the domestic strategy is carried out by reforming the JA Zenchu ​​organization. The negotiation strategy carried out was successful in reaching an acceptable CPTPP agreement within Japan.
Upaya Perimbangan Kekuatan Iran-Arab Saudi melalui Perang Suriah untuk Memenangi Kontestasi Geopolitik di Timur Tengah
Authors: Ramadhan Iqbal , Iskandar Jodi Alif 
Published: February 2021

Abstrak
Perang Saudara di Suriah terjadi karena perebutan kekuasaan antara pemerintah Bashar Al-Assad dengan tentara pemberontak Suriah. Perang tersebut terjadi tidak hanya melibatkan kekuatan internal Suriah, tetapi juga kekuatan besar yang ada di Timur Tengah yaitu Iran dan Arab Saudi. Perang Suriah dijadikan ajang untuk mengimbangi kekuatan antara Iran dan Arab Saudi melalui proxy mereka. Iran mendukung pemerintah Bashar Al-Assad sedangkan Arab Saudi menyatakan dukungan mereka kepada tentara pemberontak. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk membahas strategi kedua negara dalam mengimbangi kekuatan rivalnya melalui proxy balancing. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah kualitatif dan penulis menggunakan konsep pattern of competition dan konsep geopolitik. Simpulan yang didapat dari artikel ini adalah Iran dan Arab Saudi menggunakan proxy mereka pada Perang Suriah untuk mengimbangi kekuatan rivalnya dan memenangkan kontestasi geopolitik di Timur Tengah.

Keywords: Iran, Arab Saudi, Perang Suriah, Perimbangan Kekuatan, Geopolitik, Timur Tengah
Masculinization of Banggai Cardinalfish (<i>Pterapogon kauderni</i>) using 17α-Methyltestosterone-enriched <i>Artemia</i> sp.
Authors: Safir Muhammad , Tobigo Desiana Trisnawati , Mangitung Seftina F , Madinawati Madinawati , Zainab Zainab 
Published: February 2021

Banggai Cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) is one of the endemic fish from the waters of the Banggai Islands, Central Sulawesi Province. One factor challenging the production of P. kauderni larvae is the male fish will nurture the eggs and larvae for 30 days, hindering next spawning cycle. One effort to overcome this problem an increase of male fish number should be performed, for example through sex reversal. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the hormone 17α-methyltestosterone (17α-MT) through Artemia sp. to increase male sex percentage P. kauderni. This study used a completely randomized design by testing four treatments namely feeding Artemia sp. which has been soaked with 2.0 mg of the 17α-MT hormone for two- hours given to P. kauderni larvae for 10 days (A); 20 days (B); 30 days (C), and without hormone treatment 17α-MT (control). Each treatment included control was performed in triplicates. The percentage of male sex was 93.33 % at 30 days treatment and was higher (P<0.05) compared to controls (53.3 %). Additionally, the results showed that daily growth rate, biomass gain and survival rate of all treatments were not significantly different (P>0.05) with those of control. In conclusion, Artemia sp. contained 17α-methyltestosterone enhanced male percentage of P. kaurderni. Keywords: growth, male percentage, Artemia sp., survival rate, Pterapogon kauderni
Study of Water Quality for Aquaculture System in Ujung Pacu River, North Aceh Regency
Authors: Ezraneti Riri , Khalil Munawar , Marzuki Marzuki 
Published: February 2021

Ujung Pacu River is one of the rivers found in North Aceh Regency which is often used by surrounding communities such as for industrial, agricultural, residential and aquaculture activities that can affect river water quality. This study aimed to determine the water physical and chemical parameters in the Ujung Pacu River for aquaculture activities. The research method used was a survey method by determining the sampling station based on community activities around the river. The study consisted of 4 stations with 3 sampling points at each station. Data of water physical and chemical parameters were compared with water quality standards and analyzed descriptively with a quantitative approach. The results showed that the range of water quality values were various in each stations. Ujung Pacu River is influenced by daily tide fluctuations. The highest water quality fluctuations occur in salinity, turbidity and depth. The pollution index in the Ujung Pacu river is included to criteria of Lightly polluted rivers with range 1.8545 - 4.4979. The Ujung Pacu River is unsuitable for aquaculture systems using floating net cages system in river bodies. Keywords: Ujung Pacu River, water quality, pollution index
Effects Different Human Chorionic Gonadotropine Doses for Gonads Maturity Gray Eeltailed Catfish (<i>Plotosus canius</i>)
Authors: Putra Wiwin Kusuma Atmaja , Anggaraini Wenti , Raza’i Tengku Said , Yulianto Tri 
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to determine the optimum dose of hCGto support the processing gonadal maturation of Gray Eeltailed Catfish (Plotosus canius) and to determine influencing of hCG injections treatment (quality and quantity) to TKG of Gray Eeltailed Catfish (Plotosus canius). The study was conducted in October-November 2018 in Madong, Tanjungpinang City, Riau Island. This study used a completely randomized design (RAL) method with 4 treatments that were control (NaCl), A (dose 15 IU.Kg-1), B (dose 20 IU.Kg-1), and C (dose 25 IU.Kg-1) and 3 replications. Floating net cages (KJA) with size 1mx1mx1m as containers were used to maintain test fish. The results showed that treatment B gave the best results in the study. Treatment B namely injecting hCG with a dose of 20 IU.Kg-1 to reach TKG II for the whole parent, then GSI reached 0.29%, but the HSI value of A treatment was better on 1.93%, egg diameter 1.57 mm, fecundity reached 3,706 grains, with specific growth reaching 0.83 g and histologically, the gonads were characterized by the potential for a fused nucleus and filled with egg yolk and the development of the oocyte only appears smaller and more uniform in diameter. Keyword: oocyte, female, diameter, fecundity, histology
Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) from Banana Tree Stem: Influence of Ratio of Cellulose with Sodium Chloroacetate To Properties of Carboxymethyl Cellulose
Authors: Mulyatno Hendrik Aditya , Pratama Odisaputra Ihsan , Inayati Inayati 
Published: February 2021

<p>Banana tree stem contain of 63-64% cellulose that can be processed into more valuable product. In this research, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) from banana tree stem was prepared through alkalization and carboxymethylation process. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of cellulose to sodium chloroacetate 1:1 and 1:2 to the properties of CMC. Samples were analyzed their NaCl content, purity of CMC, and degree of substitution. The result showed that sample with ratio 1: 2 between cellulose with sodium chloroacetate resulted greater NaCl content, lower purity of CMC, and greater degree of substitution.</p>
Kinetika Slow Release Pupuk Urea Berlapis Chitosan Termodifikasi
Authors: Danarto YC , Nugrahey Anggita , Noviani Sela Murni 
Published: February 2021

<p>During this time, the use of urea is not efficient, because about 40-70% of nitrogen in the fertilizer is not absorbed by plants. In order to increase the effectivity of nitrogen release in urea fertilizer, it needs to be coated with modified chitosan as slow releasing agent to form a hydrogel material by forming a cross linking with glutaraldehyde cross-linker.The aims of this research is to study the mechanism and the appropriate kinetic model of nitrogen release in slow releasing fertilizer of modified chitosan. This research was conducted by analyzing the ability of bio-hydrogel by calculating the percentage of swelling ratio and water retention of hydrogel and the nitrogen release in slow releasing fertilizer both in the soil and water. The experiments were conducted by varying the amount of urea used which 30 gram, 40 gram, 50 gram, 60 gram and 70 gram of urea fertilizer. The The release profile is then plotted on several models of diffusion kinetic such as zero order, first order, higuchi and korsmeyer peppas. The appropriate model of diffusion kinetic is chosen by the largest correction factor (R2).The results showed that nitrogen release of the slow releasing fertilizer in the soil with 50% urea content and the water followed korsmeyer peppas model with fickian mechanism. Nitrogen release in the soil with urea content of 30%, 40%, 60%, and 70% followed the korsmeyer peppas model with nonfickian mechanism.</p>
Pirolisis Sampah Plastik HDPE sebagai Alternatif Pengganti Kerosin dengan Menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alam
Authors: Waluyo Joko , Perkasa Aji Putra , Ramadhana Devaliandra 
Published: February 2021

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong><strong>. </strong>Untuk mengurangi jumlah sampah plastik di Indonesia dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai metode salah satunya adalah dengan pirolisis. Metode pirolisis digunakan untuk mengubah sampah plastik menjadi <em>fuel oil</em>. Maka dari itu dilakukan uji coba penelitian pembuatan <em>fuel oil</em> dengan metode pirolisis dari plastik HDPE yang merupakan jenis plastik yang sering digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia Penelitian ini juga menggunakan batu zeolite alam sebagai katalis. Batu zeolite alam sebelumnya dipanaskan pada suhu 400<sup>o</sup>C selama 4 jam untuk menghilangkan uap air dan kotoran yang ada. Dari percobaan didapatkan 4 sampel dengan kondisi berbeda-beda yaitu sampel A menggunakan katalis dengan suhu pemanasn maksimal 400<sup>o</sup>C serta besarnya <em>heating rate</em> 2,5<sup>o</sup>C/menit, sampel B menggunakan katali dengan suhu pemanasan maksimal 350<sup>o</sup>C serta besarnya <em>heating rate</em> 3,9<sup>o</sup>C/menit, sampel C tidak menggunakan katalis dengan suhu pemanasannya maksimal 400<sup>o</sup>C serta besarnya <em>heating rate</em> 3,3<sup>o</sup>C/menit, sampel D tidak menggunakan katalis dengan suhu pemanasan maksimal 350<sup>o</sup>C serta besarnya <em>heating rate</em> 3,3<sup>o</sup>C/menit. Besarnya <em>yield</em> minyak yang dihasilkam adalah 41,25 %, 32,29%, 40,9%, dan 13,9 %. Untuk densitas adalah 0,762 gram/ml, 0,747 gram/ml, 0,769 gram/ml, dan 0,766 gram/ml dan untuk viskositas adalah 0,0071 poise, 0,0084 poise, 0,0104 poise, dan 0,0096 poise.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Pyrolysis is a method to reduce plastic waste and convert it into liquid fuel. The aim of this research is to study the effect of zeolite catalyst on the pyrolysis of HDPE plastics. Previously, natural zeolite was heated at 400°C for 4 hours to remove moisture and impurities. From the experiment, 4 samples were obtained with different conditions, namely Sample A was the result of pyrolysis with a catalyst at 400°C and a heating rate of 2.5°C/minute, Sample B was the result of pyrolysis with a catalyst at 350°C and a heating rate of 3.9°C/minute. Sample C was the result of pyrolysis without a catalyst at 400°C and the heating rate was 3.3°C/minute, Sample D was the result of pyrolysis without a catalyst at 350°C and the heating rate was 3.3C/minute. The resulting oil yields from sample A to D were 41.25%, 32.29%, 40.9%, and 13.9%, respectively. The density was 0.762 gram/ml, 0.747 gram/ml, 0.769 gram/ml, and 0.766 gram/ml and for viscosity was 0.0071 poise, 0.0084 poise, 0.0104 poise, and 0.0096 poise, respectively. The analysis results show that pyrolysis at 350°C with zeolite catalyst will produce gasoline, whereas without catalyst it will produce kerosene oil.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: pyrolysis, fuel oil, HDPE, zeolite, catalyst</p>
Pretreatment Ethanol From Cellulosic
Authors: Dyartanti Endah Retno , Margono Margono , Lestari Ike Puji , Putra Muhamad Iqbal , Pratiwi Ulfa Intan 
Published: February 2021

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Pre-treatment is an important tool for practical cellulose conversion processes and can be carried out in different ways such as mechanical pre-treatment, steam explosion, ammonia fiber explosion, supercritical CO2 treatment, alkali or acid pretreatment, ozone pre-treatment, physicochemical pretreatment, dilute-acid pretreatment and biological pre-treatment. Biomass pretreatment with hot water (HW) is the most investigated physicochemical method use the differences in the thermal stabilities of the major components of lignocellulosic materials. Acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass aims at increasing the sugar substrate digestibility, defined as the concentration of reducing sugars after the hydrolysis, by microorganisms. Acid hydrolysis is an attractive pretreatment method as the hemicellulose degradation runs with the efficiency of approximately 20-90%, depending on the process conditions. Dilute acid (DA) processes with continued research and development, no significant breakthroughs have been made to raise the glucose yields much higher than 65-70%. Acid pretreatment is much more effective than water and alkaline pretreatment in terms of cellulose accessibility increase compared with DA and HW pretreatment.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> ethanol, cellulosic, pre-treatment</p>
Pengaruh Perendaman Asam Nitrat pada Pemrosesan Nasi Instan untuk Menurunkan Indeks Glikemik
Authors: Waluyo Joko , Prasetyaningsih Yusi , Ariyani Fenny Tri , Sari Ida Maya 
Published: February 2021

<p><strong>Abstrak.</strong> Nasi merupakan makanan utama bagi kebanyakan orang di Indonesia. Memasak nasi membutuhkan waktu sekitar 40-50 menit. Nasi instan merupakan solusi untuk menanak nasi dalam waktu yang relatif singkat melalui proses <em>precooking</em> dan pengeringan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat nasi instan dengan indeks glikemik rendah agar dapat dikonsumsi oleh penderita diabetes melitus. Cara pembuatan nasi instan ini adalah dengan cara merendam - memasak - membekukan - mengeringkannya. Beras direndam menggunakan larutan Na-sitrat 2 - 7% pada suhu 50°C, selama 2 jam. Perbandingan beras dengan larutan perendaman adalah 1: 2. Nasi yang sudah dimasak dibekukan di dalam freezer pada suhu -4°C selama 24 jam. Beras yang telah dicairkan dengan proses thawing menggunakan air hangat pada suhu 60°C. Beras kemudian dipanaskan pada suhu 70°C selama 4-5 jam. Nasi instan siap diseduh (dihidrasi kembali) menggunakan air mendidih. Waktu rehidrasi beras instan mencapai 5,49 menit. Hasil pengujian indeks glikemik menunjukkan nilai indeks glikemik instan sebesar 51,69 dengan kandungan nutrisi yang tidak berubah secara signifikan seperti beras asli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembuatan nasi instan dengan perendaman-masak beku-kering dapat menurunkan indeks glikemik.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Rice is the main food for most people in Indonesia. Cooking rice takes about 40-50 minutes. Instant rice is a solution for cooking rice in a relatively short time through a process of precooking and drying. The purpose of this study is to make instant rice with a low glycemic index so that it can be consumed by people with diabetes mellitus. The method used in making this instant rice is soak - cook - freeze - dry it. The rice is soaked using 2 - 7% Na-citrate solution at 50°C, for 2 hours. The ratio of rice with a soaking solution is 1: 2. Rice is needed up to pH 7 then accepted using ricecookerz. Cooked rice is frozen in the freezer at -4°C for 24 hours. Rice which has been liquefied by thawing process uses warm water at 60°C. Rice is then heated at 70°C for 4-5 hours. Instant rice is ready to be brewed (rehydrated) using boiling water. Instant rice rehydration time reaches 5.49 minutes. The glycemic index test results showed an instant glycemic index value of 51.69 with a nutrient content that did not change significantly like the original rice. The results show that making instant rice vy soaking-cookingfreezing -drying can reduce the glycemic index.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> quick cooking rice, rehydration time, glycemic index</p>
Silent monster&nbsp;inside the ear! Understanding the level of awareness about Cholesteatoma in hospital visitors of Puducherry.
Authors: Rajagopal Mariappan , Bhat Poornima S , Kaliavaradan Santhanakrishnan , Surendran Pravin , Muruganidhi Nisha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aims: With the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in most centres postponing the non-emergency services, there is a potential risk of under reporting of uncomplicated cholesteatoma cases, due to lack of symptoms and awareness. This study aims to assess the level of knowledge about CSOM, especially cholesteatoma and related harmful practices among general population. Methods: All consenting adult hospital visitors, irrespective of their purpose of visit were invited to participate in this questionnaire based, cross sectional study at the preregistration point of the tertiary care teaching hospital. Data was collected and analyzed using appropriate methods. Results: Among 350 respondents, majority exhibited poor level of knowledge about general perceptions about ear infections [295(84.3%)], perceptions about cholesteatoma[246(70.3%)]; knowledge about intratemporal complications[244(69.7%)]; knowledge about intracranial complications[247(70.6%)] and harmful practices in ear disease patients[279(79.7%)].Multivariate analysis of socio-demographic and ear disease history related characteristics with overall ear disease related knowledge has shown that unskilled workers and unemployed respondents have poor knowledge levels compared to their counterparts, but at the same time the study has found that respondents with higher level of education also exhibited poor levels of knowledge in contrary to the existing evidence. Conclusion: This study highlights the lack of awareness about CSOM, especially cholesteatoma and its complications, harmful practices mainly in rural population, even in well educated groups, and the need for health education measures to create awareness among the general population regarding various areas ofconcern, to prevent a potential increase in the incidence of complications, especially during and post COVID-19 pandemic.
T-cell receptor engineering of primary NK-cells to therapeutically target tumours and tumour immune evasion
Authors: Morton Laura , Wachsmann Tassilo , Wouters Anne , Meeuwsen Miranda , Remst Dennis , Loenen Marleen van , Falkenburg J.H. Frederik , Heemskerk Mirjam 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
TCR-engineered cells can be powerful tools in the treatment of malignancies. However tumor-resistance by HLA-class I downregulation can negatively-impact the success of any TCR-mediated cell therapy. Allogeneic NK-cells have demonstrated efficacy and safety against malignancies without inducing GvHD highlighting the feasibility for an “off the shelf” cellular therapeutic. Furthermore, primary NK-cells, sourced from the peripheral blood or umbilical-cord blood, can target tumours using a broad array of intrinsic activation mechanisms. Here, we developed a unique NK:TCR cell therapy from peripheral blood derived NK-cells, which enhances NK-efficacy against tumours through additional TCR-mediated lysis. Upon loss of HLA-class I, NK:TCR will lyse the resistant tumour cells in an NK-mediated manner. Our NK:TCR technology is the first cellular therapy which incorporates TCR-based targeting of tumours and the associated TCR immune-evasion.