bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-Compacting Concrete and Concreting Technology for Foundation Block Using 9000 Cubic Meters of Concrete
Authors: Batyanovskiy E. I. , Bondarovich A. I. , Kalinovskaya N. N. , Ryabchikov P. V. 
Published: July 2021

. The paper presents the results of the development and implementation of the technology of self-compacting heavy structural concrete and the technology of concreting with its use of the largest foundation slab in Belarus (concrete volume ~9100 m3) of a high-rise building at the facility “Construction of a multifunctional complex in Minsk within the boundaries of Filimonova Street – Avenue Nezavisimosty – Makayonka Street”. The results of research are shown, which ensured the production of self-compacting concrete of class C35/45 with water resistance up to W20 (with the required W12 according to the project) from concrete mixtures of the maximum cone expansion of the PK6 (RK6) grade for three zones of the foundation slab different in degree of reinforcement: lower, middle and upper, with a total structure height of 3.5 m and plan dimensions ~(83´34) m. The technology of continuous (seamless) concreting has been developed and implemented, which made it possible to lay ~9100 m3 of concrete into the structure without defects within 42 hours of continuous operation, and a system of technological measures that prevented temperature cracking in concrete. The homogeneity of the physical and mechanical properties of concrete, confirmed by control tests, is ensured due to the uniform supply of the concrete mixture (from six concrete pumps at the same time) in layers 200–300 mm high with a distance between the supply points of about 5–6 m and the vertical arrangement of the “trunks” of the concrete pipes during delivery of concrete to each point, as well as the fact that the time for feeding the next volume of concrete was significantly less than the setting time of the previously laid concrete (with a total concreting speed £0.1 m/h). Standardized and original test methods for concrete mixtures, hardening kinetics and properties of hardened concrete have been used during the development, research and implementation of the project. Control tests of physical and mechanical properties and characteristics of concrete, carried out at BNTU together with authorized organizations controlling the progress of construction, as well as in independent (third-party) organizations, have confirmed their compliance with the design requirements.
Analytical Synthesis of Control Acceleration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Lobaty A. A. , Bumai A. Y. , Prohorovith S. S. 
Published: July 2021

. The problem of analytical synthesis of the control acceleration for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) during its flight along a complex trajectory, consisting of sequentially located horizontal flight sections, located at different heights relative to the earth's surface has been solved in the paper. The problem has been solved as an analytical definition of the optimal control of a linear non-stationary system for a specified minimized quality functional. The mathematical model of the system is presented in the form of differential equations of UAV motion in the vertical plane of a fixed coordinate system related to the earth's surface. A feature of the proposed methodology for solving the problem is the substantiation of the original form of the minimized functional and parameters included in the law of variation of the control acceleration obtained by known methods. As the components of the quality functional, the values of coordinates and velocity of the UAV are considered and they are specified at the corresponding points in space through which the UAV path must pass, in order to obtain the optimal curvature of the trajectory. The derived mathematical dependences make it possible to implement them on board of an aircraft and, ultimately, solve the problem of ensuring the minimum energy consumption when controlling an object (UAV). Computer simulation of the analytically obtained results in the form of the UAV flight trajectory and the processes of changing its acceleration and speed have shown the efficiency of the proposed technique and the prospects of its use at the initial stage of the synthesis of the UAV control system.
Comparative study of silicon and selenium to modulate chloroplast pigments levels, Hill activity, photosynthetic parameters and carbohydrate metabolism under arsenic stress in rice seedlings
Authors: Das Susmita , Biswas Asok K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Arsenic (As) in groundwater severely harms global economic development by affecting growth and productivity of agricultural crops that causes human health risk. The comparative influence of silicon (Si) and selenium (Se) to modulate pigments levels, photosynthetic parameters using LI-6400XT Portable Photosynthesis System and carbohydrate metabolism under arsenate (As-V) stress in rice cv. MTU-1010 were evaluated. As(V) stress significantly decreased chlorophyll-a (32% on an average), chlorophyll-b (58% on an average), total chlorophyll (46% on an average), fluorescence intensity (31% on an average),, carotene (39% on an average), xanthophyll (33% on an average), Hill activity (47% on an average) and the photosynthetic parameters viz., intercellular-CO2-concentration (52% on an average), net photosynthesis (54% on an average), transpiration rate (36% on an average) and stomatal conductance (38% on an average) in the test seedlings. As(V) + Si treatments enhanced the said parameters more than As(V) + Se treatments in rice seedlings. Sugar contents viz., reducing (85% on an average) and non-reducing sugar (61% on an average) were increased but starch content (57% on an average) was decreased in As(V) treated seedlings. The activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were increased, while sucrose synthase activity was decreased due to As(V) toxicity in the test seedlings. Co-application of Si and As(V) as well as Se and As(V) showed ameliorative effects on the said parameters but more potential effect was observed under combined application of Si and As(V) in rice seedlings. Thus, the present study is focused to highlight the comparative capability of Si and Se to ameliorate the As induced toxic effects on chloroplast pigments, photosynthetic activities and sugar metabolism in rice seedlings which will be an effective approach to develop possible strategies in As contaminated agricultural soil to improve normal growth and productivity of rice plants.
PD-L1 promotes malignant progression by inducing EMT and enhancing stemness in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Jiang Fujin , Ding Ying , Chen Yun , Zhang Xianyun , Ma Song , Zhang Yongjie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: Despite radical treatment for aggressive muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC), the prognosis remained poor. Programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) plays an important role in suppressing immune responses.We investigate if PD-L1 and EMT synergistically contribute to MIBC progression. Methods: In vitro experiments, we evaluated the effects of PD-L1 on proliferation, invasion, migration of MIBC cells and studied the relationship between PD-L1 and CSC/EMT markers by overexpressing and knocking down PD-L. The association of PD-L1 with EMT was detected in MIBC human specimens and the synergistic effect of PD-L1and EMT was assessed by analysis of overall survival (OS). Results: Our data demonstrated that PD-L1 promotes proliferation, invasion and migration of MIBC cells. The positive correlation between PD-L1 and CSC/EMT markers was verified both in vitro experiments and in 130 MIBC specimens. Moreover, patients with positive PD-L1/positive EMT exhibited poorer overall survival than patients with other combinations. Conclusion: The close relationship between PD-L1 and EMT may offer potential therapeutic strategy that co-targeting PD-L1 and EMT may improve the prognosis of MIBC patients.
Nutritional Health Status: Association of Stunted and Wasted Children and Their Mothers
Authors: Khadija Ulfat , Mahmood Shahid , Annie Amara , Quddoos M. Yousaf , Ahmad Hajra , Khadija Afeefa , Zahra Syeda mahvish , Hussain Ashiq 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Across the globe, 149 and 49 million children are stunted and wasted, respectively. Prevalence of stunting and wasting is 40.2 and 17.7 % children of Pakistan. Stunting and wasting are accompanied with genetics, dietary factor, lack of information, bottle feeding, illiterate parents, less birth interval, infection such as diarrhoea, low birth weight, mother suffering from malnutrition during pregnancy, breastfeeding, pharmaceutical, and hormonal, psychosocial, and low social-economic status. Methods: Stunted and wasted children and their mothers were called on and detail discussions related to research plan were carried out. Informed consent was assured from mothers, for participation in the study. The demographics, anthropometrics, vital signs observations, body composition, clinical signs and symptoms, dietary intake and associated biomarkers (CBC, level of urea nitrogen in blood, serum albumin globulin and serum creatinine.) were tools for nutritional health status assessment. SPSS software was implied on data. Results: The study found that 27.2 % mothers of were belonged to stunted children, 17.3 % belonged to wasted children, and 50.9 % belonged to those children who were suffering from both stunting and wasting condition.57.9 % mothers who were illiterate belong to stunted and wasted children. CBC and Hb test is prominent, stunted and wasted children had Hb 9.88 mg/dL, whereas, their mothers had 10.8 mg/dL Hb average. The average height and weight of stunted and wasted children was 68.6 cm and 7.11kg respectively. Dietary patterns and diet quality of both mothers and children were poor, due to lack of affordability; they were not able to eat healthy food.Conclusion: Stunted and wasted ultimately result in poor growth and development of children. Most of children were anemic, they height and weight less than WHO growth standards. They have less knowledge and poor intake of food diet pattern so children growth was poor
CO2 Emissions are First Aggravated and then Alleviated with Economic Growth in China: A New Multidimensional EKC Analysis
Authors: Feng Langang , Gao Xiangyun , An Sufang , Han Xiaodan , Shang Shu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
CO2 emissions have become a topical issue worldwide, but few studies have explored the relationship between CO2 emissions and income by establishing direct, indirect and total environmental Kuznets curves (EKCs). Using an annual panel dataset collected over the 1997-2017 period in China, this study first analyzed the spatiotemporal evolutionary process of CO2 emissions and subsequently developed direct, indirect and total EKCs based spatial Durbin model (SDM) and partial derivative approach. These results indicate that, first, CO2 emissions have characteristic positive spatial autocorrelation, with gravity centers that have shifted westward. Second, the direct EKC forms a line, while the total EKC resembles a lying-S shape as well as the total EKC, which indicates that compared to local economic growth, neighboring growth plays a very different role in impacting local CO2 emissions. Furthermore, neighboring economic growth seems to have stronger impacts on local emissions, and the turning point of the total EKC comes much earlier than that of the conventional EKC due to the spillover effects of economic growth. Finally, the growth of the population, as well as the rise of energy intensity, can stimulate CO2 emissions in both local and neighboring regions. Industrialization seems to have a nonsignificant impact on emissions changes due to the offsetting effects of the positive direct and negative indirect impacts of the share of secondary industry. Improvements in local urbanization may lead to an increase in emissions, while neighboring improvements may have stronger restricting effects; thus, urbanization improvement is beneficial to emissions reduction. This study provides more scientific information from both local and neighboring perspectives, which may differ from conventional results but still be beneficial for emissions reduction policy makers to introduce corresponding measures.
Transient Analysis of Power Management in Wireless Sensor Network With Start-Up Times and Threshold Policy
Authors: Ramupillai Sushesh , shapique Mohammed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Queueing models play a significant role in analysing the performance of power management systems in various electronic devices and communication systems. This paper adopts a multiple vacation queueing model with a threshold policy to analyse the power-saving mechanisms of the wireless sensor network(WSN) using the Dynamic Power Management technique. The proposed system consists of a busy state(transmit state), wake-up state, shutdown state and inactive state. In this model, the server switches to a shutdown state for a random duration of time after serving all the events(data packets) in the busy state. Events that arrive during the shutdown period cannot be served until the system size reaches the predetermined threshold value of k and further it requires start-up time and a change of state to resume service. At the end of the shutdown period, if the system size is less than k, then the server begins the inactive period; otherwise, the server switches to the wake-up state. For this system, an explicit expression for the transient and steady-state solution is computed in a closed-form. Furthermore, performance indices such as mean, variance, probability that the server is in various stages of power management modes and mean power consumption are computed. Finally, graphical illustrations are made to understand the effect of the parameters on the performance of the system.
Validamycin Inhibits The Transmission of Tomato Chlorotic Virus By Bemisia Tabaci
Authors: Mu Yang , Shi Xiaobin , Zhang Zhuo , Zhang Zhanhong , Wang Tianqi , Wang Yanqi , Wei Yan , Zhou Xuguo , Xiang Min , Liu Yong , Zhang Deyong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), commonly known as whitefly or sweet potato whitefly, causes feeding-related injuries to plants, and transmits more than 200 different plant viruses, including Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV). Control of B. tabaci is therefore one of the key measures in the comprehensive prevention and control of ToCV outbreak in tomato fields. Many insects rely on the hydrolysis of trehalose, carried out by the enzyme trehalase, to power their flight and other life-sustaining activities. B. tabaci encodes just one trehalase, making it an attractive target. In this study, the mechanism underlying the involvement of trehalase in the transmission of ToCV by B. tabaci was investigated. Also, the effect of the trehalase inhibitor, validamycin, on ToCV transmission was assessed. Our results showed that trehalase activity was upregulated in B. tabaci fed on ToCV-infected tomato plants. Treating B. tabaci with validamycin decreased the trehalase activity, and significantly reduced its transmission of ToCV. Validamycin treatment also inhibited the flying and feeding ability of B. tabaci. These results indicate that proper function of trehalase is required by whitefly to transmit ToCV with high efficiency. They also provide an important theoretical basis for targeting whitefly trehalase as a means to control ToCV transmission.
Cross-Layer Design Based N-Ary Huffman Coding For Performance Analysis of DSDV Routing Protocol In MANETs
Authors: MEHTA RIDHIMA 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The implementation of the optimal Huffman coding technique for achieving proficient data compression, lower information redundancy and minimal utilization of the scarce bandwidth is essential to handle the effective processing of massive network data. In this paper, we employ cross-layer design technique among the data link, network and presentation layers of the traditional protocol stack to develop the improved DSDV routing protocol based on n-ary Huffman coding procedure. The entropy-based adaptive prefix codewords with variable length are assigned to the probability of packet successful delivery across the ad-hoc wireless network. Several coding and network efficiency parameters are deployed to assess the performance of the proposed routing scheme under three distinctive IPv4 network scenarios. These investigated network protocols include the default IPv4, multi IPv4 and dynamic IPv4 routing methodologies. Diversified simulation settings are employed with deviating network size to measure the multitude of essential wireless network characteristics incorporating the average delay, packet error rate, packet delivery fraction, data rate, ping loss rate, entropy rate, and reception cache hit. In addition, the set of key data compression/coding indicators are examined through comprehensive numerical analysis such as codeword length, source information rate, mean redundancy, and coding efficiency. Beyond, we significantly compare the performance of our developed cross-layer coded mobile routing model with several previous algorithms to validate its enhanced feasibility and superiority in terms of crucial network operation metrics such as throughput, packet drop rate, mean delay and packet delivery ratio.
Rotavirus Infection Among Hospitalized Children With Gastroenteritis in A Teaching Hospital in Central Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khajeh-Azad Mohamad Amin , Rezvan Sajjad , Shams Saeed , Movahedi Zahra , Aghaali Mohammad , Heydari Hosein 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Human Rotaviruses are important causative agent of acute gastroenteritis among young children globally. Therefore, the study of diarrheal samples obtained from children in order to determine the prevalence and dominant genotypes of Rotavirus is indispensable to prevent inappropriate prescription of antibiotics and to assess the necessity of vaccine immunization. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of Rotavirus infections among children with acute diarrhea and to study the association of the disease with paraclinical parameters in Qom, central Iran.
Methods

We collected stool samples from children admitted with acute diarrhea to a teaching hospital. Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to detect Rotavirus antigens. Blood samples were taken to measure CBC, ESR, and CRP levels.
Findings:

Rotavirus was detected in 21.4% (40/199) of the samples. The mean age of children in this study was 8/2 ± 2/3 years. There was a statistically significant difference between no increase in WBC, PMN, CRP and ESR in children with rotavirus infection.
Conclusion

Our study showed a lower prevalence of Rotavirus infections in hospitalized children compared to previous studies. We suggest that in addition to Rotavirus detection using PCR and genotyping, other viruses should be sought for detection of causative agent of diarrhea in children.
Physical Modeling Investigation On Failure Mechanism of Layered Surrounding Rock And Deformation Characteristics Based On Digital Speckle Correlation Method
Authors: Zhao Zhenlong , Jing Hongwen , Zhang Li , Shi Xinshuai 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In rock mass engineering such as underground coal mine roadway, underground tunnel and water conservancy and hydropower chamber construction, layered rock mass is a type of surrounding rock mass that is often encountered. Due to the influence of bedding structural plane, its deformation process and failure mode are obviously different from that of intact enclosed rock mass. For the layered rock structure of roadway, the previous studies mainly focused on the situation of no support or single bolt support, but there is still a lack of experimental studies on the mechanical properties and failure laws of surrounding rock under different support methods. In this paper, the deep roadway and surrounding rock environment with a buried depth of 742-877m are taken as the engineering background, which is located in Anhui Province, China. Based on the similarity theorem and similarity criterion, river sand is used as aggregate, gypsum and cement are used as cementing material. According to the test results, 5:0.7:0.3, 6:0.3:0.7 and 4:0.5:0.5 of river sand, gypsum and cement were selected as the similar materials to simulate the surrounding rock of the roadway, and the bedding plane structure of the surrounding rock of the roof and floor near the roadway was designed by using the self-developed similar material physical model test bed. Digital Speckle Correlation Method (DSCM) is used to analyze the deformation evolution process of roadway surrounding rock under three supporting schemes: no-support scheme, bolt support scheme, and synergistic support of bolt and anchor cable. Based on this, the failure mode and instability mechanism of deep layered surrounding rock are further discussed. The results show that the tensile and shear resistance of laminated roof surrounding rock is weak, and the laminated roof is easily separated from each other at the bedding plane without support, resulting in bending deformation and bed separation. After adopting effective support, the laminated roof surrounding rock is transformed into a composite beam bearing structure, and the stability of surrounding rock increases. The research results have certain theoretical guiding significance and engineering application value for practical engineering.
Quantitative Study of Loess Microstructure At Micrometer Scale Via X-Ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Yuan Weina , Fan Wen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The macroscopic properties of loess are significantly controlled by its microstructure. Quantitative analysis of loess microstructure is essential for modeling the microstructure and further incorporating the microstructural effects into geotechnical practice. However, loess has a multi-scale microstructure ranging from nanometer to millimeter scales, and researches at the particle resolution are still inadequate. This study systematically investigates the micrometer-scale microstructure of loess from Jingyang, China, via X-ray computed tomography and the image segmentation method that was explored for loess. The statistical analyses of three-dimensional (3D) microstructure reveal that the particle size follows the Weibull distribution, and the distributions of pore and pore throat sizes obey the gamma distribution. Most particles are blade-shaped, with a peak length ratio of (1.53–1.64):1.28:1. The particles are oriented in the polar directions but not azimuthally, in a spherical coordinate system, exhibiting a transversely isotropic structure. The quantitative microstructures of the loess and paleosol samples were slightly different irrespective of the large aggregates developed in paleosol sample. Moreover, the representative elementary volume obtained through porosity is also applicable for the analysis of microstructural parameters such as size distribution, shape factor, orientation angle, and pore connectivity. Besides, the two-dimensional (2D) distributions of the particle, pore, and pore throat sizes agree with the 3D distributions, except that the former were marginally smaller. However, the 2D sectional analysis of shape, arrangement, and pore connectivity cannot adequately represent the 3D characteristics.