bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red and white clover provide food resources for honeybees and wild bees in urban environments
Authors: Kanduth Laura , Chartier Marion , Schönenberger Jürg , Dellinger Agnes S. 
Published: March 2021

Pollination is a key ecological process both in wild plant species and in economically important crops. Global land use change and urbanization are known to alter plant–pollinator interactions, but our understanding of how the local (i.e. size of green area, food resource availability) and landscape (surrounding green area) context affect pollinators in urban landscapes remains understudied. We selected two co‐occurring clover species, Trifolium pratense and T. repens to assess whether mixed stands of common wildflowers provide resources for a diverse pollinator assemblage by supporting differently adapted/specialized pollinator species. We further wanted to test how environmental factors (flower diversity, resource availability, size and percentage of green area) alter plant–pollinator interactions in urban environments.We studied the pollinator assemblage and visitation rate of pollinators in 1‐m2 plots in 21 green areas of different sizes in the city of Vienna (Austria). In addition, we assessed the surrounding landscape context by estimating the percentage of green area in perimeters of 100, 500 and 1000 m around each study plot and measured local flower resource availability.We found that proportions of pollinator taxa differed significantly between white and red clover, with T. repens mainly pollinated by Apis mellifera, and T. pratense primarily pollinated by different bumblebee species. Visitation frequency was positively correlated to local resource availability (number of anthetic Trifolium inflorescences in each plot), but independent of the surrounding landscape context (i.e. percentage of green area).We conclude that the establishment and maintenance even of small patches of different common wildflowers help maintain a diverse bee community in urban environments. Particularly large‐flowered species may be important for supporting long‐tongued, late emerging pollinators such as certain bumblebee species.
Chicago classification version 4.0© technical review: Update on standard high‐resolution manometry protocol for the assessment of esophageal motility
Authors: Fox Mark R. , Sweis Rami , Yadlapati Rena , Pandolfino John , Hani Albis , Defilippi Claudia , Jan Tack , Rommel Nathalie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Chicago Classification v4.0 (CCv4.0) is the updated classification scheme for esophageal motility disorders using metrics from high‐resolution manometry (HRM). A key feature of CCv.4.0 is the more rigorous and expansive protocol that incorporates single wet swallows acquired in different positions (supine, upright) and provocative testing, including multiple rapid swallows and rapid drink challenge. Additionally, solid bolus swallows, solid test meal, and/or pharmacologic provocation can be used to identify clinically relevant motility disorders and other conditions (eg, rumination) that occur during and after meals. The acquisition and analysis for performing these tests and the evidence supporting their inclusion in the Chicago Classification protocol is detailed in this technical review. Provocative tests are designed to increase the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of HRM studies for disorders of esophageal motility. These changes attempt to minimize ambiguity in prior iterations of Chicago Classification, decrease the proportion of HRM studies that deliver inconclusive diagnoses and increase the number of patients with a clinically relevant diagnosis that can direct effective therapy. Another aim in establishing a standard manometry protocol for motility laboratories around the world is to facilitate procedural consistency, improve diagnostic reliability, and promote collaborative research.
Restrictive allograft syndrome after lung transplantation
Authors: Klouda Timothy , Vargas Sara O. , Midyat Levent 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite recent advances over the past decade in lung transplantation including improved surgical technique and immunotherapy, the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lung allograft dysfunction remains a significant barrier to recipient survival. Aside from bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, a restrictive phenotype called restrictive allograft syndrome has recently been recognized and affects up to 35% of all patients with CLAD. The main characteristics of RAS include a persistent and unexplained decline in lung function compared to baseline and persistent parenchymal infiltrates on imaging. The median survival after diagnosis of RAS is 6 to 18 months, significantly shorter than other forms of CLAD. Treatment options are limited, as therapies used for BOS are typically ineffective at halting disease progression. Specific medications such as fibrinolytics are lacking large, multicenter prospective studies. In this manuscript, we discuss the definition, mechanism, and characteristics of RAS while highlighting the similarities and differences between other forms of CLAD. We also review the diagnoses along with current and potential treatment options that are available for patients. Finally, we discuss the existing knowledge gaps and areas for future research to improve patient outcomes and understanding of RAS.
Concurrent endurance and resistance training enhances muscular adaptations in individuals with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Moreno‐Cabañas Alfonso , Ortega Juan Fernando , Morales‐Palomo Felix , Ramirez‐Jimenez Miguel , Alvarez‐Jimenez Laura , Mora‐Rodriguez Ricardo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to determine if concurrent training (endurance and resistance in a single session) elicits leg muscular adaptations beyond the ones obtained by endurance training alone in sedentary individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Sixty‐six MetS individuals (37% women, age 56 ± 7 years, BMI 32 ± 5 kg m−2 and 3.8 ± 0.8 MetS factors) were randomized to undergo one of the following 16‐week isocaloric exercise programs: (i) 4 + 1 bouts of 4 min at 90% of HRMAX of intense aerobic cycling (IAC + IAC group; n = 33), (ii) 4 IAC bouts followed by 3 sets of 12 repetitions of 3 lower‐limb free‐weight exercises (IAC + RT group; n = 33). We measured the effects of training on maximal cycling power, leg press maximum strength (1RM), countermovement jump height (CMJ), and mean propulsive velocity (MPV) at workloads ranging from 10% to 100% of baseline 1RM leg press. After intervention, MetS components (Z‐score) improved similarly in both groups (p = 0.002). Likewise, maximal cycling power during a ramp test improved similarly in both groups (time effect p < 0.001). However, leg press 1RM improved more in IAC + RT than in IAC + IAC (47 ± 5 vs 13 ± 5 kg, respectively, interaction p < 0.001). CMJ only improved with IAC + RT (0.8 ± 0.2 cm, p = 0.001). Leg press MPV at heavy loads (ie, 80%–100% 1RM) improved more with concurrent training (0.12 ± 0.01 vs 0.06 ± 0.02 m s−1, interaction p = 0.013). In conclusion, in unconditioned MetS individuals, intense aerobic cycling alone improves leg muscle performance. However, substituting 20% of intense aerobic cycling by resistance training further improves 1RM leg press, MPV at high loads, and jumping ability while providing similar improvement in MetS components.
Augmented Perpetual Manifolds and Perpetual Mechanical Systems—Part I: Definitions, Theorem, and Corollary for Triggering Perpetual Manifolds, Application in Reduced-Order Modeling and Particle-Wave Motion of Flexible Mechanical Systems
Authors: Georgiades Fotios 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Perpetual points in mechanical systems were defined recently. Herein, they are used to seek specific solutions of N-degrees-of-freedom systems, and their significance in mechanics is discussed. In discrete linear mechanical systems, the perpetual points proved that they form the perpetual manifolds, they are associated with rigid body motions, and herein these systems are called perpetual. The definition of perpetual manifolds herein is extended to the augmented perpetual manifolds. A theorem defining the conditions of the external forces applied in an N-degrees-of-freedom system led to a solution in the exact augmented perpetual manifold of rigid body motions is proven. In this case, the motion by only one differential equation is described; therefore, it forms reduced-order modeling (ROM) of the original equations of motion. Further on, a corollary is proven that for harmonic motion in the augmented perpetual manifolds, the system moves in dual mode as wave-particle. The developed theory is certified in three examples, and the analytical solutions are in excellent agreement with the numerical simulations. This research is significant in several sciences, mathematics, physics, and mechanical engineering. In mathematics, this theory is significant for deriving particular solutions of nonlinear systems of differential equations. In physics/mechanics, the existence of wave-particle motion of flexible mechanical systems is of substantial value. Finally, in mechanical engineering, the theory in all mechanical structures can be applied, e.g., cars, airplanes, spaceships, and boats, targeting only the rigid body motions.
Eye-tracking-based visual field analysis (EFA): a reliable and precise perimetric methodology for the assessment of visual field defects
Authors: Leitner Michael Christian , Hutzler Florian , Schuster Sarah , Vignali Lorenzo , Marvan Patrick , Reitsamer H A , Hawelka Stefan 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveSeveral studies report evidence for training-related neuroplasticity in the visual cortex, while other studies suggest that improvements simply reflect inadequate eye fixation control during perimetric prediagnostics and postdiagnostics.Methods and analysisTo improve diagnostics, a new eye-tracking-based methodology for visual field analysis (eye-tracking-based visual field analysis (EFA)) was developed. The EFA is based on static automated perimetry and additionally takes individual eye movements in real time into account and compensates for them. In the present study, an evaluation of the EFA with the help of blind spots of 58 healthy participants and the individual visual field defects of 23 clinical patients is provided. With the help of the EFA, optical coherence tomography, Goldmann perimetry and a Humphrey field analyser, these natural and acquired scotomas were diagnosed and the results were compared accordingly.ResultsThe EFA provides a SE of measurement of 0.38° for the right eye (OD) and 0.50° for the left eye (OS), leading to 0.44° of visual angle for both eyes (OU). Based on participants’ individual results, the EFA provides disattenuated correlation (validity) of 1.00 for both OD and OS. Results from patients suffering from cortical lesions and glaucoma further indicate that the EFA is capable of diagnosing acquired scotoma validly and is applicable for clinical use.ConclusionOutcomes indicate that the EFA is highly reliable and precise in diagnosing individual shape and location of scotoma and capable of recording changes of visual field defects (after intervention) with unprecedented precision. Test duration is comparable to established instruments and due to the high customisability of the EFA, assessment duration can be shortened by adapting the diagnostic procedure to the patients’ individual visual field characteristics. Therefore, the saccade-compensating methodology enables researchers and healthcare professionals to rule out eye movements as a source of inaccuracies in pre-, post-, and follow-up assessments.
Incorporating patient safety into early undergraduate medical education: teaching medical students to perform surgical time outs during anatomy
Authors: Suleiman Abdul-Rahman M , Amarasinghe Daniel , Kathuria Priya , Vandel Jacob , Holloway Jordan , Elkin Kenneth , Walker Paul , Levine Diane 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo introduce surgical safety checklists and time outs to future physicians through early incorporation of time outs in the first year gross anatomy course.SettingThe Wayne State University School of Medicine Anatomy Lab.ParticipantsApproximately 300 first year medical students per year participated in the intervention.InterventionsAn educational presentation on medical errors focusing on surgical errors was developed. Students in 2017–2018 viewed the presentation and completed two time outs, one with the first anatomy dissection and a second with the last dissection. Preintervention and postintervention surveys were completed and results compared. Students completed a second postintervention survey after the second time out. Students in 2018–2019 were asked to complete the time outs before every dissection. Time out procedure sheets were collected to determine completion rates. The intervention was further modified for academic year 2019–2020 and time out sheets were again collected.Outcome measuresFour domains of learning were surveyed: (1) major components and goals/limitations of universal protocol, (2) medical error lexicon, (3) components of a time out, and (4) confidence in completing time out checklists.ResultsPostintervention surveys demonstrated significant improvement in each domain. Students found time outs easy to complete and developed confidence in performing time outs. Following a successful pilot, time outs were incorporated into every dissection. Students continued to perform this procedure despite absence of adverse consequences for not doing so.ConclusionStudents found the time outs easy to complete and developed the confidence and ability to perform a surgical time out early in their medical education. The new skills, knowledge and attitudes that these medical students have developed will hopefully improve the care they provide to patients, thereby advancing the practice of quality improvement and patient safety in the clinical setting.
Prevalence of autoimmune diseases and other associated conditions in children and young adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Lovell Daniel J , Huang Bin , Chen Chen , Angeles-Han Sheila T , Simon Teresa A , Brunner Hermine I 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveMany autoimmune diseases share common pathogenic mechanisms; however, there are limited studies quantifying the coexistence of autoimmune diseases and associated conditions in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). This large US-based study estimated and compared the prevalence of multiple coexisting autoimmune diseases in patients with JIA with a general paediatric (GP) patient population.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted using registry data from the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (January 2010–October 2018). The prevalence of multiple autoimmune diseases was estimated in patients (age <21 years) with JIA and a control group from the GP patient population. Crude prevalences of 26 prespecified autoimmune diseases and associated conditions were compared using Bayesian Poisson regression modelling for each year up to the end of the study period.ResultsOverall, 2026 patients were included in the JIA cohort and 41 572 in the GP cohort. Of 26 autoimmune diseases and associated conditions evaluated, 14 (53.8%) had a significantly higher prevalence in the JIA cohort compared with the GP cohort. In total, seven (26.9%) autoimmune diseases or associated conditions had a >20-fold increased prevalence in the JIA cohort compared with the GP cohort.ConclusionIn this study, patients with JIA had a greater prevalence of a large number of coexisting autoimmune diseases and associated conditions compared with the GP population. Physicians should consider coexisting autoimmune diseases in the treatment and management of patients with JIA.
Timan–Pechora Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element, Northwestern Russia
Authors: Prishchepa Oleg M. , Bogatskii Vladimir I. , Drachev Sergey S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Timan–Pechora Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element (CTSE) represents a significant part of the Timan–Pechora petroleum province, which is the second largest in the Circum-Arctic. It contains as much as up to 10 km of Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata hosting the excellent hydrocarbon source rock, the Domanik Formation, and a variety of hydrocarbon plays prolific for both oil and natural gas. The complex tectonic structure of the CTSE formed as result of several tectonic phases: two extensional events, post-rift thermal sag in a passive-margin setting, and a series of late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic compressional events. The latter modified the extensional fabric, and led to the formation of a number of inverted swells and smaller anticlinal structures providing the major trapping capacities. The deposition of source and reservoir facies occurred during the extensional tectonic phases, while the main reservoir-prone sedimentary units were deposited during late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic orogenic phases.
Role of Platelet Indices as a Potential Marker for Malaria Severity
Authors: Bayleyegn Biruk , Asrie Fikir , Yalew Aregawi , Woldu Berhanu 
Published: March 2021

Purpose. Platelet parameter alteration such as platelet count and platelet indices are more common than in other blood cell lines due to diverse causative pathophysiological mechanisms in severe malaria infection. In malaria patients, no more studies evaluated platelet indices in relation to disease severity and prognosis. Therefore, this review assessed the current scientific knowledge on the potential role of platelet indices for the diagnostic marker of severe malaria infection. Results. Hence, after reviewing recent literatures, elevation of mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width in addition to decreased plateletcrit and platelet counts is the known potential risk factor associated with warning signs of severe malaria. Thus,

thrombocytopenia
<
150
×

10

9

/
L

,

MPV
≥
9.05

fL

, and

PDW
≥
14.550
%

as well as significantly higher P-LCR and decrease in PCT are shown significant sensitivity and specificity as they are used as diagnostic and prognostic values in severe malaria infection. Conclusion. Platelet indices are useful predictors of malaria severity. Immature platelet fraction (IPF%) is raised in the case of severe malaria, and it was significantly more useful than MPV. Advanced research will further investigate the platelet index abnormality associated with specific age and gender among specific malaria species.
Metabolic Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Findings From the Look AHEAD Study
Authors: Kaze Arnaud D. , Santhanam Prasanna , Musani Solomon K. , Ahima Rexford , Echouffo‐Tcheugui Justin B. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Metabolic dyslipidemia (high triglyceride) and low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) is highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The extent to which diabetes mellitus–related abnormalities in the triglyceride–HDL‐C profile associates with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is incompletely understood. We evaluated the associations of triglyceride and HDL‐C status with CVD outcomes in individuals with T2DM.

Methods and Results

We analyzed data from 4199 overweight/obese adults with T2DM free of CVD with available data on triglyceride and HDL‐C at baseline (2001–2004) in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study. We used Cox proportional models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of: (1) composite CVD outcome (myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for angina, and/or death from cardiovascular causes); (2) coronary artery disease events; and (3) cerebrovascular accidents (stroke). Of the 4199 participants, 62% (n=2600) were women, with a mean age of 58 years (SD, 7), and 40% (n=1659) had metabolic dyslipidemia at baseline. Over a median follow‐up of 9.5 years (interquartile range, 8.7–10.3), 500 participants experienced the composite CVD outcome, 396 experienced coronary artery disease events, and 100 experienced stroke. Low HDL‐C was associated with higher hazards of the composite CVD outcome (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.12–1.64 [
P
=0.002]) and coronary artery disease events (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.18–1.81 [
P
=0.001]) but not stroke (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.90–2.11 [
P
=0.140]). Compared with patients with normal triglyceride and normal HDL, participants with metabolic dyslipidemia had higher risks of the composite CVD outcome (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.03–1.63 [
P
=0.025]) and coronary artery disease events (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.14–1.93 [
P
=0.003]) but not stroke (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.74–2.05 [
P
=0.420]).

Conclusions
In a large sample of overweight/obese individuals with T2DM, metabolic dyslipidemia was associated with higher risks of CVD outcomes. Our findings highlight the necessity to account for metabolic dyslipidemia in CVD risk stratification among patients with T2DM.

Registration

URL:
https://www.lookaheadtrial.org
; Unique identifier:
NCT00017953
.
Negating Seth: Destruction as Vitality
Authors: Arp-Neumann Janne 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the past, different points in time have been set as demarcating the beginning of the end of Ancient Egyptian religion. One of these is the start of the so-called “proscription” of the god Seth, whose names and images are found damaged in many of their occurrences. In previous studies, this observation was explained as the result of intentional destruction performed during the first millennium BCE, and as such as indicative of the decay of Ancient Egyptian religion at this time. However, Seth was from his earliest attestations conceived as a deity ready to perform acts of violence and disruption; under specific circumstances he needed to be banished, but his character was also valued in circumstances requiring violence. This article discusses the problems, fallacies, and arguments of interpreting the intentions behind the destruction of monuments in general and the treatment of Seth in particular. It will be argued that “negating” the image of the “negative” god was not done with malicious intent, but to highlight this god’s role, which was important for the context of the image. It will be proposed that this phenomenon proves that Egyptian religion was still vibrantly alive at that time, not fading away and dying.
Prophesying the Demise of Egyptian Religion in Late Antiquity: The Perfect Discourse and Antoninus in Canopus
Authors: Bull Christian H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
When the demise of traditional Egyptian religion took place is much debated. Some scholars have portrayed vibrant cults continuing well beyond the 4th century, embattled by Christianity, whereas others see a marked decline in the late 2nd and early 3rd century, leaving a blank slate for Christianity in the fourth century. The present contribution interprets the apocalyptic prophecy of Hermes Trismegistus in the Perfect Discourse to reflect a priestly insider’s perspective of the decline in temple-cult in the early 3rd century, and its projected catastrophic consequences for Egypt and indeed the cosmic order. Yet, despite the general neglect of temple-cult and literacy in the Egyptian priestly scripts, certain temples remained in use. The second part of the article is devoted to the survival and apparent rejuvenation of the temple of Osiris/Serapis in Canopus, in the second half of the 4th century. This case shows that at this late date there were still self-consciously traditionalist devotees of Egyptian gods, though our sources do not permit us to see to what degree their temple-cult corresponded to the old “standard model.” The temple’s alliance with the non-Egyptian Neoplatonist Antoninus suggests that the image of Egypt as the temple of the world is now championed in the language of Hellenism, and Antoninus updates the now nearly two-centuries-old prophecy of Hermes Trismegistus to predict the fall of the Serapis temples in Alexandria and Canopus after his death. Both the Perfect Discourse and Antoninus are testimonies of a literate elite that saw the great temples as the essence of Egyptian religion, and their demise as the end of Egypt and the world.