bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulation of phyllosphere bacterial communities reversibly alters the plant microbiome and leaf traits in the field
Authors: Ohler Lisa-Maria , Seeleitner Sarah , Haselberger Stefan , Kraushaar Sabine , Otto Jan-Christoph , Mitter Birgit , Junker Robert R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBacterial communities in the phyllosphere are shaped by host genotype and phenotype and spatio-temporal variation of the environment. In turn, bacteria have the potential for altering the plant phenotype. Field experiments can help to estimate bacterial effects on plant functional traits under natural conditions. We used a transplantation approach of culturable bacterial communities to explore how manipulation of leaf-associated microbial communities in two different successional stages within a glacier foreland can influence microbial composition and functional plant traits. Our study documents successional stage-specific variations in the composition of foliar bacterial communities and shifts therein throughout a season and between years. We show that cultured bacteria transferred between plant communities can alter diversity and composition of the microbiome on plant community level as well as species-specific functional plant traits of two selected plant species within one growing season. Furthermore, our results demonstrate a strong resilience of plant-associated bacterial communities and of plants in response to bacterial invaders. Our study illustrates that inoculation experiments in the field with naturally occurring microbial communities of wild plants are suited to investigate complex interactions between microbial communities, the environment, and plant traits.
Domain decomposition for entropy regularized optimal transport
Authors: Bonafini Mauro , Schmitzer Bernhard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe study Benamou’s domain decomposition algorithm for optimal transport in the entropy regularized setting. The key observation is that the regularized variant converges to the globally optimal solution under very mild assumptions. We prove linear convergence of the algorithm with respect to the Kullback–Leibler divergence and illustrate the (potentially very slow) rates with numerical examples. On problems with sufficient geometric structure (such as Wasserstein distances between images) we expect much faster convergence. We then discuss important aspects of a computationally efficient implementation, such as adaptive sparsity, a coarse-to-fine scheme and parallelization, paving the way to numerically solving large-scale optimal transport problems. We demonstrate efficient numerical performance for computing the Wasserstein-2 distance between 2D images and observe that, even without parallelization, domain decomposition compares favorably to applying a single efficient implementation of the Sinkhorn algorithm in terms of runtime, memory and solution quality.
Pathological findings in bycaught harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the coast of Northern Norway
Authors: Ryeng Kathrine A. , Lakemeyer Jan , Roller Marco , Wohlsein Peter , Siebert Ursula 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDue to little prior knowledge, the present study aims to investigate the health status of bycaught harbour porpoises from the northernmost Arctic Norwegian coastline. Gross, histopathological and parasitological investigations were conducted on 61 harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena phocoena) accidentally captured in fishing gear from February to April 2017 along the coast of Northern Norway. Most animals displayed a good nutritional status, none were emaciated. Pulmonary nematodiasis (Pseudalius inflexus, Halocercus invaginatus and Torynurus convolutus) was found in 77% and associated with severe bronchopneumonia in 33% of the animals. The majority (92%) had parasites in the stomach and intestine (Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (s. s.), Pholeter gastrophilus, Diphyllobothrium stemmacephalum, Hysterothylacium aduncum and Pseudoterranova decipiens s. s.). The prevalence of gastric nematodiasis was 69%. In the 1st stomach compartment A. simplex s. s. was found in 30% of the animals, causing severe chronic ulcerative gastritis in 23%. Campula oblonga infected the liver and pancreas of 90% and 10% of the animals, respectively, causing severe cholangitis/pericholangitis/hepatitis in 67% and moderate pancreatitis in 10% of the animals. Mesenteric and pulmonary lymphadenitis was detected in 82% and 7% of the animals, respectively. In conclusion, the major pathological findings in the investigated Arctic porpoises were parasitoses in multiple organs with associated severe lesions, particularly in the lung, liver and stomach. The animals were generally well nourished and most showed freshly ingested prey in their stomachs. The present study indicates that the harbour porpoises were able to tolerate the detected parasitic burden and associated lesions without significant health problems.
Feasibility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of early therapeutic response after CT-guided microwave ablation of inoperable lung neoplasms
Authors: Vogl Thomas J. , Emara Emad H. , Elhawash Elsayed , Naguib Nagy N. N. , Aboelezz Mona O. , Abdelrahman Hossam M. , Saber Sameh , Nour-Eldin Nour-Eldin A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective
To determine the early treatment response after microwave ablation (MWA) of inoperable lung neoplasms using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value calculated 24 h after the ablation.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study included 47 patients with 68 lung lesions, who underwent percutaneous MWA from January 2008 to December 2017. Evaluation of the lesions was done using MRI including DWI sequence with ADC value calculation pre-ablation and 24 h post-ablation. DWI-MR was performed with b values (50, 400, 800 mm2/s). The post-ablation follow-up was performed using chest CT and/or MRI within 24 h following the procedure; after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months; and every 6 months onwards to determine the local tumor response. The post-ablation ADC value changes were compared to the end response of the lesions.

Results
Forty-seven patients (mean age: 63.8 ± 14.2 years, 25 women) with 68 lesions having a mean tumor size of 1.5 ± 0.9 cm (range: 0.7–5 cm) were evaluated. Sixty-one lesions (89.7%) showed a complete treatment response, and the remaining 7 lesions (10.3%) showed a local progression (residual activity). There was a statistically significant difference regarding the ADC value measured 24 h after the ablation between the responding (1.7 ± 0.3 × 10−3 mm2/s) and non-responding groups (1.4 ± 0.3 × 10−3 mm2/s) with significantly higher values in the responding group (p = 0.001). A suggested ADC cut-off value of 1.42 could be used as a reference point for the post-ablation response prediction (sensitivity: 66.67%, specificity: 84.21%, PPV: 66.7%, and NPV: 84.2%). No significant difference was reported regarding the ADC value performed before the ablation as a factor for the prognosis of treatment response (p = 0.86).

Conclusion
ADC value assessment following ablation may allow the early prediction of treatment efficacy after MWA of inoperable lung neoplasms.

Key Points
• ADC value calculated 24 h post-treatment may allow the early prediction of MWA efficacy as a treatment of pulmonary tumors and can be used in the early immediate post-ablation imaging follow-up.
• The pre-treatment ADC value of lung neoplasms is not different between the responding and non-responding tumors.
Telemedizin in der mobilen geriatrischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Burdinski Sandra , Smeaton Susan , Lutz Stefan Z. , Partheymüller Anja , Geyik Ugur , Eschweiler Gerhard W. , Metzger Florian G. 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Um das Prinzip „Reha vor Pflege“ umzusetzen, bedarf es adaptiver Konzepte für geriatrische Patienten. Patienten mit Sehbehinderungen, eingeschränkter Kommunikationsfähigkeit, psychischen Erkrankungen oder kognitiven Defiziten sind in einer Rehabilitationsklinik oft nicht oder nur unzureichend behandelbar. Die mobile geriatrische Rehabilitation (MoGeRe) schließt diese Lücke im Versorgungssystem, ist aber in ihrer Reichweite begrenzt. Über die 22 Standorte in Deutschland ist es bislang nicht ansatzweise möglich, eine flächendeckende MoGeRe zu ermöglichen. Hier bietet die Telemedizin Lösungsmöglichkeiten.

Fragestellung
Telemedizinische Ergänzungen der MoGeRe in Form von Videovisite und Videoaufnahme wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Machbarkeit und Akzeptanz in einer hochaltrigen Zielgruppe untersucht.

Methode
Mit 25 Patienten wurden 101 Videovisiten und 26 diagnostische Videoaufnahmen durchgeführt. Interviews von Patienten und Teammitgliedern wurden mithilfe einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Insbesondere die Akzeptanz der Videovisite war bei allen Beteiligten hoch. Ihr Potenzial liegt in der Anpassung der individuellen Behandlung, Motivation, ärztlichen Lenkung sowie Supervision des Teams. Die Videoaufnahme kann die Chance bieten, den interdisziplinären Austausch zu bereichern und das therapeutische Prozedere zu evaluieren und anzupassen. Spezifische Strategien wie Begleitung von Angehörigen, Erklären des Prozedere und günstiges Timing sind bei kognitiv beeinträchtigten Patienten notwendig. Unsere Ergebnisse sind ein weiterer Beleg dafür, dass auch ältere Menschen als Nutzer digitaler Medien zu berücksichtigen sind.
Facial nerve paresis in the course of masked mastoiditis as a revelator of GPA
Authors: Marszał Joanna , Bartochowska Anna , Yu Randy , Wierzbicka Małgorzata 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to present a series of 6 patients with facial nerve palsy and masked mastoiditis which constituted as revelators of localized granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and to evaluate the utility of the ACR/EULAR 2017 provisional classification criteria for GPA in such cases.MethodsStudy group included 58 patients with GPA. Cases with facial nerve palsy and masked mastoiditis were thoroughly analyzed.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 37 years. All manifested unilateral facial nerve palsy and hearing loss, while only 2 reported aural complaints suggesting inflammatory cause of the disease. All cases were qualified for surgical intervention. Intraoperative findings were similar: granulation tissue in tympanic cavity and/or pneumatic spaces of the mastoid process. Only 50% of histopathological results suggested vasculitis. In all cases, elevated levels of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) against peroxidase 3 (PR3-ANCA) were determined. Two patients presented rapid progression of the disease and died within 1 week and 2 months, respectively. Four other patients manifested gradual improvement of hearing and facial nerve function after treatment.ConclusionGPA should be included into differential diagnosis in all cases of persistent facial nerve palsy especially when otological symptoms coexist. Even localized GPA could be very aggressive, revelating generalized form of the disease. Rapid systemic treatment of GPA can protect hearing and facial nerve from permanent severe dysfunction. The ACR/EULAR 2017 provisional classification criteria for GPA seem to be valuable tool in diagnosing ENT patients with localized otological form of the disease.
Timescales and thermal evolution of large silicic magma reservoirs during an ignimbrite flare-up: perspectives from zircon
Authors: Curry Adam , Gaynor Sean P. , Davies J. H. F. L. , Ovtcharova Maria , Simpson Guy , Caricchi Luca 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFour voluminous ignimbrites (150–500 km3) erupted in rapid succession at 27 Ma in the central San Juan caldera cluster, Colorado. To reconstruct the timescales and thermal evolution of these magma reservoirs, we used zircon ID-TIMS U–Pb geochronology, zircon LA-ICP-MS geochemistry, thermal modeling, and zircon age and crystallization modeling. Zircon geochronology reveals dispersed zircon age spectra in all ignimbrites, with decreasing age dispersion through time that we term a ‘chimney sweeping’ event. Zircon whole-grain age modeling suggests that 2σ zircon age spans represent approximately one-quarter of total zircon crystallization timescales due to the averaging effect of whole-grain, individual zircon ages, resulting in zircon crystallization timescales of 0.8–2.7 m.y. Thermal and zircon crystallization modeling combined with Ti-in-zircon temperatures indicates that magma reservoirs were built over millions of years at relatively low magmatic vertical accretion rates (VARs) of 2–5 × 10–3 m y−1(2–5 × 10–6km3y−1 km−2), and we suggest that such low VARs were characteristic of the assembly of the greater San Juan magmatic body. Though we cannot unequivocally discern between dispersed zircon age spectra caused by inheritance (xenocrystic or antecrystic) versus prolonged crystallization from the same magma reservoir (autocrystic), our findings suggest that long-term magma input at relatively low VARs produced thermally mature upper crustal magma reservoirs resulting in protracted zircon crystallization timescales. Compiling all U–Pb ID-TIMS zircon ages of large ignimbrites, we interpret the longer timescales of subduction-related ignimbrites as a result of longer term, lower flux magmatism, and the shorter timescales of Snake River Plain ignimbrites as a result of shorter term, higher flux magmatism.
Comparative lipid profiling of murine and human atherosclerotic plaques using high-resolution MALDI MSI
Authors: Khamehgir-Silz Pegah , Gerbig Stefanie , Volk Nadine , Schulz Sabine , Spengler Bernhard , Hecker Markus , Wagner Andreas H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and its branches of ApoE knockout (ApoE−/−) mice is like that of patients with atherosclerosis. By using high-resolution MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), we aimed at characterizing universally applicable physiological biomarkers by comparing the murine lipid marker profile with that of human atherosclerotic arteries. Therefore, the aorta or carotid artery of male ApoE−/− mice at different ages, human arteries with documented atherosclerotic changes originated from amputated limbs, and corresponding controls were analysed. Obtained data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis to identify potential biomarkers. Thirty-one m/z values corresponding to individual lipid species of cholesterol esters, lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, and cholesterol derivatives were found to be specific in aortic atherosclerotic plaques of old ApoE−/− mice. The lipid composition at related vessel positions of young ApoE−/− mice was more comparable with wild-type mice. Twenty-six m/z values of the murine lipid markers were found in human atherosclerotic peripheral arteries but also control vessels and showed a more patient-dependent diverse distribution. Extensive data analysis without marker preselection based on mouse data revealed lysophosphatidylcholine and glucosylated cholesterol species, the latter not being detected in the murine atherosclerotic tissue, as specific potential novel human atherosclerotic vessel markers. Despite the heterogeneous lipid profile of atherosclerotic peripheral arteries derived from human patients, we identified lipids specifically colocalized to atherosclerotic human tissue and plaques in ApoE−/− mice. These data highlight species-dependent differences in lipid profiles between peripheral artery disease and aortic atherosclerosis.
Safety and efficacy of ICI plus anlotinib vs. anlotinib alone as third-line treatment in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Chen Qing , Li Yan , Zhang Wenjie , Wang Chen , Yang Shengjie , Guo Qisen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) plus anlotinib as third-line treatment in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC).

Methods
A total of 120 patients with ES-SCLC who were admitted to Shandong Cancer Hospital between January 2019 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into the observation group (n = 62) and the control group (n = 58) according to their different treatment plans. The observation group was given ICI plus anlotinib, while the control group was given anlotinib alone. The primary endpoint of the study was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoints were the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). An efficacy evaluation was carried out every 6 weeks. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the prognostic factors. The main treatment-related adverse events were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0.

Results
In the observation group and the control group, the DCRs were 87.1% and 72.4% (p = 0.044), and the ORRs were 19.4% and 6.9% (p = 0.045), respectively. The median PFS was longer in the observation group (7.5 months) than in the control group (4.6 months) (p = 0.0033). In Cox regression analysis, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score, brain metastases and metastatic sites were prognostic factors of ICI plus anlotinib. Compared with the control group, grade 1–2 immune-related pneumonia and hypothyroidism of patients in the observation group were significantly increased (p < 0.05), but grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse reactions were not significantly increased (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
ICI plus anlotinib showed promising efficacy and manageable toxicity in third-line treatment of ES-SCLC.
Level-Planar Drawings with Few Slopes
Authors: Brückner Guido , Krisam Nadine , Mchedlidze Tamara 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe introduce and study level-planar straight-line drawings with a fixed number $$\lambda $$
λ
of slopes. For proper level graphs (all edges connect vertices of adjacent levels), we give an $$O(n \log ^2 n / \log \log n)$$

O
(
n

log
2

n
/
log
log
n
)

-time algorithm that either finds such a drawing or determines that no such drawing exists. Moreover, we consider the partial drawing extension problem, where we seek to extend an immutable drawing of a subgraph to a drawing of the whole graph, and the simultaneous drawing problem, which asks about the existence of drawings of two graphs whose restrictions to their shared subgraph coincide. We present $$O(n^{4/3} \log n)$$

O
(

n

4
/
3

log
n
)

-time and $$O(\lambda n^{10/3} \log n)$$

O
(
λ

n

10
/
3

log
n
)

-time algorithms for these respective problems on proper level-planar graphs. We complement these positive results by showing that testing whether non-proper level graphs admit level-planar drawings with $$\lambda $$
λ
slopes is -hard even in restricted cases.
Spinopelvic alignment and lumbar vertebral shape in children: associations with structural spinal abnormalities and body composition in the generation R study
Authors: van den Heuvel Marleen M. , Griffioen Nathalie E. , Achterberg Hakim C. , Oei Edwin H. G. , Renkens Jeroen J. M. , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M. A. , van Middelkoop Marienke 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the spinopelvic alignment and vertebral shape in children, and associations with body composition and structural spinal abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study embedded in the Generation R Study, a prospective population-based birth cohort. Pelvic incidence and vertebral concavity ratios for each lumbar level were determined on sagittal MRI images in 9-year-old children, and structural spinal abnormalities were scored semi-quantitatively. The BMI-SD score was calculated, and body composition was assessed using DXA scans. Associations of pelvic incidence and vertebral concavity ratios with structural abnormalities and body composition measures were assessed using (multilevel) regression analyses.

Results
This study included 522 participants (47.7% boys), aged 9.9 years (IQR 9.7–10.0). The mean pelvic incidence was 36.6° (SD 8.0). Vertebral concavity ratios ranged from 0.87 to 0.90, with significantly lower ratios for boys compared to girls. Associations were found for a larger pelvic incidence with decreased disc height [OR 1.03 (95% CI 1.02–1.05)], and a pelvic incidence in the lowest tertile with less disc bulging [OR 0.73 (95% CI 0.56–0.95)]. Increased vertebral concavity ratio was associated with decreased disc height [OR 14.16 (95% CI 1.28–157.13)]. Finally, increased fat-free mass index was associated with a smaller pelvic incidence [adjusted OR 0.85 (95% CI 0.07–1.63)].

Conclusion
The mean pelvic incidence of 9-year-old children is 36.6° on supine MRI images, and a slightly concave shape of the lumbar vertebrae is seen. Spinopelvic alignment is associated with structural spinal abnormalities, and might itself be influenced by the children’s body composition.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kowalski Karol , Mulak Agata 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe results of animal studies and clinical data support the gut microbiota contribution to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and fecal markers of intestinal inflammation and permeability in AD patients. The study was conducted in 45 AD patients and 27 controls. Data on comorbidities, pharmacotherapy, and gastrointestinal symptoms were acquired from medical records and a questionnaire. SIBO was evaluated using lactulose hydrogen breath test. Fecal calprotectin and zonulin levels were assessed by ELISA assays. The positive result of SIBO breath test was found in 49% of the AD patients and 22% of the controls (p = 0.025). The comparative analysis between SIBO-positive and SIBO-negative AD patients with respect to the degree of cognitive impairment, comorbidities and used medications did not reveal any statistically significant difference, except for less common heartburn in SIBO-positive AD patients than in SIBO-negative ones (9 vs 35%, p = 0.038). The median fecal calprotectin and zonulin levels in the AD group compared to the control group amounted to 43.1 vs 64.2 µg/g (p = 0.846) and 73.5 vs 49.0 ng/ml (p = 0.177), respectively. In the AD patients there was no association between the presence of SIBO and fecal calprotectin level. Patients with AD are characterized by higher prevalence of SIBO not associated with increased fecal calprotectin level that may be related to anti-inflammatory effect of cholinergic drugs used in the treatment of AD.