bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Underlap Strained Silicon on Insulator MOSFET for Accurate and Compact Modeling
Authors: Sharma Rajneesh , Rana Ashwani Kumar , Kaushal Shelja , King Justin , Raman Ashish 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recently, transistors with an underlapped gate structure have been widely studied to overcome several challenges associated with nanoscale devices. In this work, underlap region is incorporated at source and drain (S/D) ends in a fully depleted Strained Silicon On Insulator (SSOI) device, with high-k dielectric material in the spacer region. The S/D underlapped region helps to reduce the leakage current and can be particularly useful for low power applications. However, increased underlap length degrades the ON current significantly. We show that this issue can be mitigated via the inclusion of a high-k spacer, which improves the ON current by enhancing the gate controllability over the S/D underlap channel region. It helps to achieve the essential requirement low power applications i.e. the high ON/OFF current ratio at extremely low value of leakage current. The strained silicon material is used in the channel region to further improve the ON current. A compact threshold voltage model is developed for the proposed device (underlap-SSOI) while maintaining the accuracy at par with TCAD simulations. This threshold voltage model incorporates underlap length, strain-induced offsets and spacer dielectric constant. This device model may be used for circuit simulations.
Effect of di-tertiary-butyl peroxide additive on combustion, performance and emissions of a karanja methyl ester fueled diesel engine
Authors: Pattanaik Bhabani Prasanna , PANDA JIBITESH KUMAR , Gugulothu Santhosh Kumar , Jena Pradeep Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present work studies the influence of di-tertiary-butyl peroxide (DTBP) as a cetane-improving additive to karanja methyl ester (KME) on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine. KME produced by base catalyzed transesterification of non-edible karanja oil was blended with DTBP in different volume proportions to result KMED1 (99% KME + 1% DTBP), KMED2 (98% KME + 2% DTBP), KMED3 (97% KME + 3% DTBP) and KMED5 (95% KME + 5% DTBP) fuel blends. With increase in DTBP content, viscosity was reduced, whereas the cold flow properties, cetane index and calorific value were enhanced. Engine test results exhibited improvement in brake thermal efficiency and brake specific energy consumption for all blends compared to neat KME. Combustion analysis showed improved combustion with rise in DTBP content in the blends. The CO, HC and NOx emissions with KME-DTBP blends were less compared to neat KME and the same significantly reduced with rise in DTBP percentage in the blends. This shows improved combustion due to more oxygen availability and improvement in fuel properties with addition of DTBP to KME. However, the NOx emissions were marginally higher with KME-DTBP blends compared to neat KME and diesel that may be further studied.
Transcriptional insights into sugarcane aquaporin genes under water deficit conditions
Authors: KUMAR DEVENDRA 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Water deficit in soil during formative growth stage adversely hinders the crop productivity. Plant develop a key chain of mechanisms to cope these strains. Characterization of genotypes under water deficit will provide the basis for breeding new germplasm for efficient utilization of water and nutrients and adaptation to water stress. To achieve this, two tolerant (Co 98014 and Co 0118) and two sensitive (CoJ 85 and Co 89003) sugarcane genotypes were assessed for antioxidant response followed by differential expression of three aquaporin genes (ShPIP2-1, ShPIP-5 and ShPIP2-6) under two water deficit conditions. The MDA and H2O2 contents were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in sensitive genotypes as compared to tolerant ones, whereas SOD activity was higher (p < 0.05) in tolerant than sensitive genotypes. The transcript analysis of AQPs reveals upregulation of ShPIP2;5, whereas down-regulation of ShPIP2;1 and ShPIP2;6 when plants were imposed to water deficit conditions. The findings under study suggested the role of PIP2 AQPs in regulation of plant water status under water deficit conditions.
β Arrestin inhibition induces autophagy, apoptosis, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in agonist activated V2R receptor in breast cancer cells
Authors: Hessien Mohamed , Donia Thoria , Kelany Mohamed , Abouda Mohamed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Non-visual arrestins (β-arrestins) are endocytic proteins that mediate agonist activated GPCRs internalization and signaling pathways in an independent manner. The involvement of β-arrestins in cancer invasion and metastasis is increasingly reported. So, it is hypothesized that inhibition of β-arrstins may diminish the survival chances of cancer cells. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro impact of inhibiting β-arrestins on the autophagic and/or apoptotic responsiveness of breast cancer cells. We used Barbadin to selectively inhibit β-Arr/AP2 interaction in AVP stimulated V2R receptor of triple negative breast cancer cells (MDA MB-231). Autophagy was assessed by the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3II), apoptosis was measured by Annexin-V/PI staining and cell cycle distribution was investigated based upon the DNA content using flow cytometry. Barbadin reduced cell viability to 69.1% and increased the autophagy marker LC3 II and its autophagic effect disappeared in cells transiently starved in Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS). Also, Barbadin mildly enhanced the expression of P62 mRNA and arrested 63.7% of cells in G0/G1 phase. In parallel, the drug induced apoptosis in 29.9% of cells (by AV/PI) and 27.8% of cells were trapped in sub-G1 phase. The apoptotic effect of Barbadin was enhanced when autophagy was inhibited by the PI3K inhibitor (Wortmannin). Conclusively, the data demonstrate the dual autophagic and apoptotic effects of β-βArr/AP2 inhibition in triple negative breast cancer cells. These observations nominate β-Arrs as selective targets in breast cancer treatment.
Simultaneous Measurement of Multipoint Mechanical Vibration For Thin-Walled Parts Using Monocular Machine Vision Optical Flow Tracking
Authors: Wu Jigang , Shao Jun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Thin-walled parts (TWPs) have been widely employed in various industry fields and put forward a specific requirement of simultaneous multipoint vibration measurement for their dynamic behaviours understanding. The development of machine vision theory and technology enable the machine vision-based technique to measure the vibration of mechanical equipment. Lucas-Kanade based template tracking (LKBTT) can provide a robust, longer term motion estimation of the interesting object, but lacks spatial resolution and also deeper use of contextual cues. Lucas-Kanade based optical ﬂow tracking (LKBOPT) is usually used for frame-by-frame feature-level motion estimation, and has the potential to satisfy the vibration measurement requirements of TWPs. LKBOPT has not been introduced to vibration measurement yet, and also had the challenge of long-term motion estimation. In order to satisfy the simultaneous multipoint vibration measurement requirements of TWPs, a coarse-to-fine tracking method is developed by introducing LKBOPT to vibration measurement and combining it with LKBTT. A region of interest detection algorithm is investigated to acquire the tracking template according to the measurable object. LKBTT is introduced to realize the coarse tracking and obtain the vibration information of the tracking template. An improved LKBOPT is investigated to realize the fine tracking and acquire the vibration information of multipoint inside the tracking template simultaneously. Finally, the simultaneous measurement system of multipoint mechanical vibration for TWPs is utilized with a high-speed camera system based on both Python and open source computer vision (OpenCV) libraries. The vibration measurement performance of the proposed method has been experimentally verified with two experiments under laboratory conditions by comparing the results with those using accelerometers. The experiment has shown that the proposed method is effective in the remote simultaneous multipoint vibration measurement of TWPs with satisfactory accuracy and efficiency.
Transcranial Color-Coded Duplex Sonography and Digital Subtraction Angiography in Acute Stroke Patients
Authors: Assarzadegan Farhad , Mohammadi Foroogh , Lima Behnam Safarpour , Mansouri Behnam , Aghamiri Seyed Hossein , Vaighan Navideh Sahebi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Stroke is the most common neurological disorder with a high incidence in Middle-eastern regions. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCS) for detection of cerebral artery stenosis compared to digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as a gold standard method.Methods: Eighty patients presenting with symptoms of cerebral ischemia were enrolled in the study. They were examined by color-coded Doppler and TCCS to determine stenosis of extracranial and intracranial arteries, respectively. DSA was performed 24-48 hours after the initial examination. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), and accuracy of TCCS in comparison to DSA was calculated. The agreement between the two methods was determined by kappa statistics. Results: Eighty patients (60% male, 40% female) with a mean age of 61.32±12.6 years were included. In 65% of cases, pathology in carotid artery was responsible for ischemia. We did not observe any abnormalities in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), posterior cerebral artery (PCA) as well as basilar artery (BA). The agreement between TCCS and DSA in various arterial vessels were 0.9 for common carotid artery (CCA), 0.86 for internal carotid artery (ICA), 0.78 for middle cerebral artery (MCA), and 0.86 for vertebral artery (VA). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, accuracy, and kappa value of TCCS for detection of stenosis regarding the arterial segments were 84.8%, 81%, 92.6%, 65.4%, 83.8, and 0.71, respectively. Conclusion: TCCS is a valuable, non-invasive, and repeatable method to investigate cerebral artery stenosis with high diagnostic accuracy.
Panophthalmitis in a Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis Papua) From The Antarctic Peninsula: Evaluation of Microbiological and Histopathological Analysis Outcomes
Authors: BAYRAM Latife CAKIR , ABAY Seçil , SATICIOĞLU İzzet Burçin , GÜVENÇ Tolga , EKEBAŞ Görkem , AYDIN Fuat 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to present the results of microbiological, cytological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses of ocular samples from an Antarctic (Ardley Island, King George Island) Gentoo penguin chick (Pygoscelis papua) with pyogranulomatous panophthalmitis in the right eye. Samples were taken from both the healthy left eye and the lesion in the right eye. Conventional culture methods and phenotypic and molecular tests were used for bacterial isolation and identification, respectively. None of the isolates could be identified phenotypically. As a result, four of the five isolates obtained from the right eye were considered to belong to putative novel bacterial species and taxa as their similarity to GenBank data was below 98.75%. The isolates were considered to be Pasteurellaceae bacterium, Corynebacterium ciconiae, Cardiobacteriaceae bacterium, Actinomyces sp., and Dermabacteraceae bacterium. The only isolate from the left eye was identified as Psychrobacter pygoscelis. The cytological analysis demonstrated cell infiltrates composed mostly of degenerate heterophils, reactive macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. Based on histopathological findings, the lesion was defined as typical pyogranulomatous panophthalmitis. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the granuloma was positive for TNF-α, IL-4, MMP-9, IL-1β, and IL-6. This is the first documented report of unilateral pyogranulomatous panophthalmitis in a Gentoo penguin chick, living in its natural habitat in Antarctica. This report also describes the isolation of four bacteria from the infected eye, which are considered to belong to novel Genus, species, or taxa. The primary bacterial pathogen that caused the ocular lesion was not able to be detected and remains unclear.
Studies on the transformation process of PVDF film from α to β phase by uniaxial stretch
Authors: Zhang Chao , Wei W. , Sun H.J , Zhu Q.Y. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Stretching process is an effective method to prepare high β- phase PVDF. PVDF film was prepared by extrusion casting in this paper, then stretched by means of uniaxial-stretching using a DMA(Dynamic mechanical analyzer), the effects of stretching conditions on the transformation from α to β phase of PVDF were studied, also with the changes regularity of mechanical properties during stretching. The phase composition was characterized by XRD, FTIR, DSC, the results show that, the optimum drawing temperature is 80°C, the optimum stretch ratio is related to the length-width ratio of the film, the increase of stretching rate is beneficial to the formation of β-phase, the β-phase can reach 80% under the optimum drawing conditions.
Investigation DSC and XRD on the Crystallization Kinetics in the Phosphate Li2O−Li2WO4−TiO2−P2O5 Glassy Ionic System
Authors: ES-SOUFI Hicham , Bih L. , Lima Alan R. F. , Bouari A. El , Manoun B. , Hussain S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This work aims to investigate the prepared glasses within the 20Li2O−(50−x)Li2WO4−xTiO2−30P2O5 system, with 0≤x≤15 mol%. The bonds constituting the framework of these glasses were studied by Raman spectroscopy. The data analysis of the chemical durability showed that the dissolution rates depend on the composition of each glass. Thermal analysis by DSC technique was used to determine the activation energy of crystallization, it found in the glass of composition (x= 5) that Ec= 184.482 kJ/mol. The determinate Avrami parameter is around 1.7 which allows suggesting the mechanism is surface crystallization. The crystallization process of the prepared glasses is carried out by heating samples at 550°c for 4 hours and 12 hours. The crystallized phases are identified by XRD. The results of X−ray diffraction analysis confirm that TiO2 acts mainly as network forming units. The crystalline phases Li2WO4 (JCPDS# 01−072−0086) and (JCPDS# 01−087−0409) are formed during the crystallization process. The formation of these crystalline phases into the glasses depends on the time of heating at fixed crystallization temperature. FTIR spectra of the glass–ceramics show nearly the same IR vibrational modes as their parent glasses.
Fine-grained polycrystalline MoTe2 with enhanced thermoelectric properties through iodine doping
Authors: Ren Pan , Bailey Trever , Page Alexander , Yang Quanxin , Lv Tu , Xu Guiying 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Consisting of heavy elements and favorable electronic structure, MoTe2 has great potential as a good thermoelectric material for heat-to-electricity conversion. While some experimental work has been performed on the p-type version, n-type MoTe2 is theoretically predicted to have a great conversion efficiency and is crucial for eventual device functionality, yet has not been explored. Here, the preparation and thermoelectric properties of n-type iodine-doped nano-polycrystalline MoTe2 are currently reported. Nano-polycrystalline MoTe2-xIx is obtained by ball milling and spark plasma sintering techniques. The composition, morphology and crystal structure of the prepared materials were analyzed by XRD and FESEM, which indicated a homogeneous single phase. The measured transport properties over the temperature range of 298-823K indicate that iodine doping greatly enhances the carrier concentration and corresponding power factor, and drastically reducing the thermal conductivity. The ECR (Electrical conductivity ratios) carrier scattering analysis demonstrates that dislocation scattering is the main mechanism throughout the experimental temperature range. With the temperature and doping increasing, the thermal conductivity was reduced rapidly, and the minimum value was 1.19 Wm-1K-1 at 673K. The maximum value of the figure merit ZT ~ 0.16 over 673-750K, which is much higher than other reported values. These excellent properties imply that MoTe2 will be an efficient candidate for thermoelectric applications.
Prophylactic Bilateral Central Neck Dissection Should Be Carefully Evaluated Based on Prospective Study of 581 Cases With cN0 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Yan Shouyi , Zhao Wen Xin , Wang Bo , Zhang Liyong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: prophylactic central lymph node dissection (PCND) had been a basic consensus for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in China. However, unilateral or bilateral central lymph node dissection (CND)was still controversial. This study aimed at investigating the safety and long-term benefit for the patients with bilateral central lymph node dissection (BCCD). Methods: 581 patients were enrolled and divided randomly into the test and control groups according to a different range of CND. 285 patients were prospectively assigned to undergo lobe thyroidectomy plus BCND in the test group, in comparison 296 patients were assigned to undergo lobe thyroidectomy plus ipsilateral central lymph node dissection (ICND) in the control group. Results: We found that the numbers of total LN and N1a in the test group were higher than that of the control group (p = 0.002), but there was no difference in the number of metastasized lymph nodes (p = 0.857) and tumor recurrence (p = 0.308). Additionally, in the aspect of postoperative complication (1 day after surgery), the serum levels of parathyroid hormone in the BCND group were lower than that in the ICND group (P = 0.010), and the numbers of transient laryngeal nerve palsy were higher than that(p = 0.033). meanwhile we further found that tumors size larger than 1cm and tumor side lymph node metastasis were related to the contralateral lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: BCND resulted in more positive lymph nodes and similar surgical complications compared with ICND but did not change the patient's long-term prognosis. It may be an alternative for patients with tumor sizes larger than 1cm. Meanwhile, and it should be done in large medical centers, with rich experience in PG and RLN protection
Prognosis Patients with COVID-19 using Deep Learning
Authors: Alvare Jose Luis Guadiana , Morales-Menendez Ruben , Hussain Fida , Flores Etna Rojas , Zendejas Arturo García , Mendoza Ricardo A Ramirez 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Prognostics study the prediction of an event before it happens, to enable critical decision making to be more efficient. The prognostics are very useful for front line physicians to predict how a disease may affect a patient and react accordingly to save the patients’ lives. The coronavirus (COVID-19) is novel and not enough knowledge about the virus’ behaviour and Key performance indicators (KPIs) to assess the mortality risk prediction. However, using a lot of complex and expensive medical biomarkers could be impossible for many low-budget hospitals. This motivates the development of a prediction model that not only maximizes performance but does so using the least number of biomarkers possible. Methods: For the mortality risk prediction, this research work proposes aCOVID-19 mortality risk calculator based on a Deep Learning (DL) model, and based on a data set provided by the HM Hospitals from Madrid, Spain. A pre-processing strategy for unbalanced classes and feature selection is proposed. Results: The DL model is tested, and the following results are achieved include area under the curve (AUC) 0.93, F2 score 0.93, recall 1.00, accuracy, 0.95, precision 0.91, specificity 0.9279 and maximum probability of correct decision(MPCD) 0.93. Conclusion: The MPCD score shows that the proposed DL outperforms on the everyday set when evaluating even with an over-sampling technique. The benefits of imputating unavailable biomarker data are also evaluated. The results are compared against a random forest (RF) algorithm and the newly proposed methods. The results show that the proposed method is significantly best for the risk prediction of the patients with COVID-19.
Promising Eco-Friendly Biomaterials for Future Biomedicine: Cleaner Production and Applications of Nanocellulose
Authors: R Reshmy , Philip Eapen , Madhavan Aravind , B Arun K , Raveendran Sindhu , Pugazhendhi Arivalagan , Gnansounou Edgard , Pandey Ashok , P Binod 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterials are developing nowadays as a promising environmental friendlier biomaterial that can be extracted from native plant sources. These materials, because of their excellent physico-chemical and biological properties, urged much interest in biomedical applications. In this paper a detailed review on nanocellulose is provided with special emphasis on greener production, demands, bio-properties and innovative application in some selected biomedical fields such as tissue implants, drug delivery systems, wound healing and biosensor applications. The current state of global commercial nanocellulose based product and its future potentials for biomedical applications are also discussed.
Determination of Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma- Cellulose in Bagasse and Wheat Straw: Lignin Recovery, Characterization and Depolymerization
Authors: Singh Sandip Kumar , Matsagar Babasaheb M , Dhepe Paresh L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundantly available byproduct obtained after the separation of edible parts from various crops that is a potential source to produce renewable and sustainable biofuels, chemicals, materials, and polymers, without altering the greenhouse gas emissions relative to fossil feedstocks. Valorisation of lignocellulosic biomass focuses on polysaccharides conversion to value-added chemicals and polymers. However, lignin rich of high carbon burned to generate energy and chemicals. For the development of an effective lignocellulosic biomass conversion technology to biofuels and chemicals, biomass composition analysis and their properties need to be characterized prior to biomass reactions, including polysaccharide hydrolysis and lignin depolymerization. In this work, we have determined alpha-, beta- and gamma- cellulose, pentosan, lignin, and silica percentages of wheat straw (WS) and two bagasse (BG I and II) samples. The impact of different types of biomass samples on composition, and lignin recovery by applying two-stage concentrated and dilute sulphuric acid treatment, has been discussed. Subsequent studies extended to the correlation of lignin properties and their susceptibility to depolymerization using homogeneous (1-methyl-3-(3-sulphopropyl)-imidazolium hydrogen sulphate) and heterogeneous (immobilized Brønsted acidic ionic liquid) catalysts to lower molar mass aromatic fractions. Thermal, physical, and chemical properties of WS, BG, and recovered lignin samples were characterized by using UV-visible, ATR, 13 C CP-MAS NMR, CHNS, XRD, and TGA techniques showed substantial differences in lignin structure and properties.