bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological character of lung injury and its functional implication in adult rats subjected to cerebral ischemina/reperfusion injury
Authors: Jiang Ling , Tian Jie , Liu Fei 
Published: December 2021

BackroundStroke‐associated pneumonia (SAP) is the most common complication after stroke, which increases the long‐term mortality. In the acute phase of brain ischemia, obvious pathological injury is observed, which acts as a main inducer for SAP. In this study, we sought to investigate the pathological changes following brain ischemia at each pulmonary lobe.MethodsTransient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was applied as a model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (CIRI). Neurological Severity Score (NSS) was assessed after 48 hours post‐injury and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to confirm the successful establishment of model. Histology and lung water content of each pulmonary lobe were conducted to evaluated the degree of lung injury.ResultsNSS assessment and TTC staining demonstrated the success of CIRI models in rats. In addition, anatomy revealed that pulmonary lobes were divided into five single lobes. The posterior lobe of right lung gained the lowest histopathologic score while the highest water content was observed in left single lobe.ConclusionTherefore, different pulmonary lobes may differ in the degree of lung injury induced by brain ischemia. This provides a novel and rigorous method for the study of lung injury.
Functional implication of synaptophysin upregulation with traumatic brain injury adult rats
Authors: Liu Jun , Dan Qi‐Qin , Zhao Nan , Li Jun‐Yan , Li Jin , Chang Qian , Su Ping , Cen Jiang‐Chang 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the neurobehavioral change in rats subjected traumatic brain injury (TBI) and explore the mechanism involving in the expression of synaptophysin.MethodsSprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into Sham and TBI groups. TBI was induced by modified Feeney’s freefall method. Neurological severity score (NSS) was assessed at 2 days, 4 days and 7 days after operation, and cortex was obtained at 7 days post TBI. Then, Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of synaptophysin. Lastly, immunofluorescence staining was conducted to localize synaptophysin.ResultsNSS was significantly aggregated after TBI, compared with the Sham group. The mRNA and protein expressions of synaptophysin were increased in TBI group than that in the Sham group. Synaptophysin‐positive cells were also enhanced in TBI group and mainly expressed in neutrophil.ConclusionThe nerve function change induced by TBI was associated with the upregulation of synaptophysin expression.
Gene expression profiles in the spinal cord following transected injury
Authors: Liu Jia , Hu Yue , Hu Yuan‐Dong , Xia Qing‐Jie 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveSpinal cord transection (SCT), one of the common spinal cord injuries (SCI), could induce motor and behavioral deficits. With the deep understanding of SCI, there are certain progresses in the field of basic and clinical research, but these results are far from satisfaction due to the complex mechanism. Particularly, the gene expression have shown an important role the development of SCI. Thus modifying the gene expression may be a potential therapeutical target for SCI. This study is designed to investigate the gene map in transected spinal cord.MethodsSCT model was established by the spinal cord transection at the segment of T10. Modified Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores were used to evaluate the motor function of rats. Then, microarray analysis was performed to screen the gene expression profile after 14 days. The intensity ratio > 2 or < 0.05 were regarded as differentially expressed genes. Genes ontology analysis including BP, CC and MF, were used to analyze the function and pathway of these genes.ResultsAfter SCT, the BBB scores were significantly lower than that of the sham group. Microarray analysis showed that there were 3059 upregulate genes and 3320 downregulated genes in spinal cord of SCT group. Analysis of these genes showed that cellular response to stimulus, staphylococcus aureus infection, glutamatergic synapse etc, participated in the SCI process.ConclusionThese findings showed SCT regulated multiple gene expression, which might be associated with the multiple pathological changes. These further indicated that the occurrence of SCI was not a single gene or a single factor, but a complex pathophysiological process.
Neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in combination with Schwann cell transplantation in hippocampal fimbria transected rats
Authors: Sun Jie , Zou Yu , Xiu Guang‐Hui , Lin Bin , Liu Su 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is usually characterized by cognitive impairments, and the treatment is currently far from satisfaction. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy or Schwann cell (SC) transplantation has shown partial effects on the treatment of AD. However, their combined effects and underlying mechanisms remain unknown.MethodsAD rat model was induced by cutting off the hippocampal fimbria under stereotaxic apparatus. Animals were then randomly divided into five groups: sham, AD with no treatment (AD), AD receiving HBO therapy (AD+HBO), AD with SC transplantation (AD+SC), and AD receiving HBO combining with SC transplantation (AD+SC+HBO). Morris Water Maze was used to test the learning and memory ability of rats. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), Immunohistochemistry, western blot were used to evaluate the expression of neurotrophin factors and related signal molecules.ResultsAD model was established successfully. Combining HBO therapy with SC transplantation had better effects on AD rats than SC transplantation or HBO therapy alone, not only in the enhancement of learning and memory recovery but also in the increased expression of B‐cell lymphoma‐extra large (Bcl‐xl).ConclusionCombining SC transplantation with HBO therapy has a prospective therapeutic potential for the further treatment of AD. The possible mechanism could be linked to the up‐regulation of Bcl‐xl gene.
eIF5A regulating survivin to improve neural remodeling in rats with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Du Ruo‐Lan , Zhao Xiao‐Yan , Zou Yu 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTraumatic brain injury (TBI) induces severe brain damage which results in motor dysfunction and the therapy is poorly satisfactory. This study was designed to detect the role of eIF5A in rats with TBI, and investigate the underlying mechanism.MethodsTUNEL staining and neurological severity score (NSS) were used to detect the neuronal death and the motor function after TBI. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to determine the expression of eIF5A in the cortex at 7 days after TBI. eIF5A shRNA (eIF5A‐SH) was used to downregulate its expression in the cultured cortex neurons. Lastly, the regulating relation between eIF5A and survivin was investigated.ResultsNSS score increased after TBI, especially on day 7, and the cell apoptosis was also induced, which was companied by the downregulated expression of eIF5A,while eIF5A‐SH increased neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, the interaction experiment confirmed the eIF5A‐SH can influence the expression of survivin.ConclusioneIF5A could maintain neuronal survival in the cortex after TBI, and expression of survivin could be regulated by eIF5A, which might be the underlying mechanism in TBI.
Neurotrophins‐3 plays a vital role in anti‐apoptosis associated with NGF and BDNF regulation in neonatal rats with hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury
Authors: Xiao Qiu‐Xia , Chen Jun‐Jie , Fang Chang‐Le , Su Zhang‐Yu , Wang Ting‐Hua 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the role of Neurotropfin‐3 (NT‐3) in hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and determine its relative molecular mechanism.MethodsThe expression of NT‐3 was determined by qRT‐PCR in the cortex after HIE and immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the distribution of NT‐3. Then, the NT‐3 siRNA was used to validate the effect of NT‐3 for the neuroprotection by the measurement of cell apoptosis after oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD). Lastly, the molecular network mechanism was studied by NT‐3 interference experiment combined with bioinformatics technology.ResultsThe expression of NT‐3 was significantly upregulated after HIE, and NT‐3 was co‐localized in the neurons of the cortex. Furthermore, the inhibition of NT‐3 increased neuronal apoptosis after OGD and elicited the down‐regulation of BDNF and NGF.ConclusionNT‐3 is a vital neurotrophic factor that can maintain neonatal survival in cortical neurons, and the underlying mechanism is associated with BDNF and NGF regulation.
How to choose a craniotomy for the intracranial foreign bodies when the airway was occupied: a case report
Authors: Liu De‐Xing , Wen Dan , Zhu Yu‐Hang , Zhang Fan , Li Juan 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundIntracranial foreign bodies caused by trauma are rare in clinical emergency cases. Similar reports in the past pay less attention to establish artificial ventilation for these patients for the following anesthesia and surgery.Case informationWe reported a 3‐year‐old boy who suffered from oral penetration of the cerebellum from the skull base by a chopstick after a fall. To avoid pediatric tracheotomy, we conducted a reconstruction analysis by spiral CT scan and found a transnasal tracheal intubation pathway allowing the endotracheal tube through, successfully established artificial ventilation, and smoothly implemented the removal surgery of foreign bodies under general anesthesia. The child was cured and discharged without surgical complications or sequelae during the follow‐up.ConclusionImaging technology plays an important role in determining airway during endotracheal intubation.
Factor structure and clinical correlates of the original and 16‐item version of the Difficulties In Emotion Regulation Scale in adolescent girls with eating disorders
Authors: Monell Elin , Birgegård Andreas , Nordgren Line , Hesser Hugo , Bjureberg Johan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is increasingly used in adolescents. This study is the first to examine the factor structure, measurement, and structural invariance across age, reliability, and validity of the original 36‐item and 16‐item version of the DERS in adolescents with eating disorders.MethodsSeveral models were examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Measurement and structural invariance were studied across age groups, and Omega, Omega Hierarchical, and criterion validity were examined.ResultsA bifactor model, with five subscales, showed acceptable fit in both DERS versions. Measurement and structural invariance held across age. The general factor had high reliability and accounted for a large proportion of variance in eating pathology and emotional symptoms.ConclusionThe Awareness subscale had a negative effect on fit in DERS, but both DERS versions were reliable and valid measures in both younger and older adolescents with eating disorders when using only five subscales.
From awareness to commitment and action: A longitudinal study of a race‐based counseling course
Authors: Malott Krista M. , Paone Tina R. , Shannon Jordan , Barr Jason J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResearchers assessed the longitudinal impacts of a master‐level, race‐based counseling course with White, graduate‐level counseling students (N= 35) over a 5‐year period. Impacts were assessed through interview and written data, as well as with theWhite Racial Consciousness Development Scale‐Revised(Claney & Parker, 1989; Lee et al., 2007). Students expressed an increased sense of responsibility to address racism, with examples of ways they addressed inequities and discrimination across contexts.
Advances in laboratory detection methods and technology application of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Zhang Xiucai , Meng Hanyan , Liu Huihui , Ye Qing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAt present, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is raging worldwide, and the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 seriously threatens the life and health of all humankind. There is no specific medicine for novel coronavirus yet. So, laboratory diagnoses of novel coronavirus as soon as possible and isolation of the source of infection play a vital role in preventing and controlling the epidemic. Therefore, selecting appropriate detection techniques and methods is particularly important to improve the efficiency of disease diagnosis and treatment and to curb the outbreak of infectious diseases. In this paper, virus nucleic acid, protein, and serum immunology were reviewed to provide a reference for further developing virus detection technology to provide better prevention and treatment strategies and research ideas for clinicians and researchers.
Norovirus strains among children aged 0–18 years hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Estonia 2015–2016
Authors: Kõivumägi Kadri , Geller Julia , Toompere Karolin , Soeorg Hiie , Kallas Eveli , Jõgeda Ene‐Ly , Huik Kristi , Lutsar Irja 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNorovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in many countries that have introduced universal rotavirus mass vaccination. This is the first study to report data on NoV strains in Estonia. We recruited 2249 children aged 0–18 years hospitalized for AGE in Estonian hospitals from February 1, 2015 to August 31, 2016. Norovirus gastroenteritis (NoVGE) was diagnosed in 14.5% (n = 325) cases. Stool sample for RNA extraction and genotyping was available in 86% (n = 280) of NoVGE cases (2015, n = 91; 2016, n = 189). Dominant capsid types detected in 75% (n = 210) samples were, GII.4 (63.8%, n = 134), GII.3 (15.2%, n = 32), GII.17 (6.7%, n = 14), and GII.6 (5.2%, n = 11). Prevailing RNA polymerase types found in 77% (n = 215) samples were GII.P31 (51.1%, n = 110), GII.P21 (17.7%, n = 38), GII.P4 (11.2%, n = 24), and GII.P7 (6.5%, n = 14). Both regions were typeable for 67% (n = 189) of samples. Most prevalent strains were GII.4Sydney_2012[P31] (48.7%, n = 92), GII.3[P21] (15.3%, n = 29), GII.4Sydney_2012[P4] (5.8%, n = 11) and GII.17[P17] (5.8%, n = 11). Simpson's diversity index showed a significant difference between the age groups 1–4 and 5–9 years: D 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55–0.73) versus 0.83 (95% CI: 0.81–0.86), respectively (p = 0.03). An accurate understanding of NoV strain diversity is important for control and preventive measures, especially in the postrotavirus vaccine era.
Prevalence and genetic characterization of noroviruses in children with acute gastroenteritis in Senegal, 2007–2010
Authors: Kebe Ousmane , Fernandez‐Garcia Maria‐Dolores , Zinsou Boris‐Enock , Diop Amadou , Fall Amary , Ndiaye Ndack , Vinjé Jan , Ndiaye Kader 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNorovirus is the leading cause of sporadic and epidemic acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children and adults around the world. We investigated the molecular diversity of noroviruses in a pediatric population in Senegal between 2007 and 2010 before the rotavirus vaccine implementation. Stool samples were collected from 599 children under 5 years of age consulting for AGE in a hospital in Dakar. Specimens were screened for noroviruses using the Allplex™ GI‐Virus Assay. Positive samples were genotyped after sequencing of conventional reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction products. Noroviruses were detected in 79 (13.2%) of the children, with GII.4 (64%) and GII.6 (10%) as the most frequently identified genotypes. Our study describes the distribution of genotypes between 2007 and 2010 and should be a baseline for comparison with more contemporary studies. This could help decision‐makers on possible choices of norovirus vaccines in the event of future introduction.
Global coastal low‐level wind jets revisited through the new ERA5 reanalysis
Authors: Lima Daniela C. A. , Soares Pedro M. M. , Nogueira Miguel , Semedo Alvaro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe recent ECMWF (European Centre of Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts) reanalysis product (ERA5) is a 3D‐atmospheric dataset of unparalleled value to advance the characterization and understanding of the main global coastal low‐level jet (CLLJ) systems, due to its finer resolution (horizontal and vertical) and hourly output. Regional climate studies have revealed the added value of higher spatial and temporal resolutions of models and reanalyses for the representation of CLLJs, which play an important role in the definition of the regional climate along the Eastern Boundary Current Systems. ERA5 reveals an improvement in the representation of the wind speed and temperature vertical profiles within the boundary layer in CLLJ regions. This improvement enables a better representation of CLLJs and therefore a new view on their features. ERA5 show larger CLLJ frequencies of occurrence and larger wind speed intensities, when compared with previous reanalysis. The maximum frequency of occurrence ranges from 20% in the West Australian and 73% in the Oman CLLJs, in the summer season, which constitutes an increase of 10% compared to ERA‐Interim. Moreover, a shift for higher wind speeds is also found, where the maximum wind speed approach 30 m·s−1. Typically, CLLJs are found below 500 m above sea level, where the finer vertical discretization results clearly in a better description of the CLLJ peak height. Regarding the diurnal cycles of CLLJs frequency of occurrence, ERA5 exposes higher peaks and larger amplitudes, where the maximum hourly frequency is about 38% in the Oman CLLJ and the diurnal amplitude can vary between 7 and 14%. The diurnal maximum and minimum frequency of CLLJ occurrence can be found between 1900 and 2200 UTC, and between 1000 and 1400 LST, respectively. The momentum and temperature budget profiles reveal significant differences between CLLJ regions and emphasize the relevance of local processes in its occurrences.
Experimental DVC validation of heterogeneous micro finite element models applied to subchondral trabecular bone of the humeral head
Authors: Knowles Nikolas K. , Kusins Jonathan , Columbus Melanie P. , Athwal George S. , Ferreira Louis M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSubchondral trabecular bone (STB) undergoes adaptive changes during osteoarthritic (OA) disease progression. These changes alter both the mineralization patterns and structure of bone and may contribute to variations in the mechanical properties. Similarly, when images are downsampled – as is often performed in micro finite element model (microFEM) generation – the morphological and mineralization patterns may further alter the mechanical properties due to partial volume effects. MicroFEMs accounting for material heterogeneity can account for these tissue variations, but no studies have validated these with robust full‐field testing methods. As such, this study compared homogeneous and heterogeneous microFEMs to experimentally loaded trabecular bone cores from the humeral head combined with digital volume correlation (DVC). These microFEMs were used to compare apparent mechanical properties between normal and OA STB. Morphological and mineralization patterns between groups were also compared. There were no significant differences in tissue or bone mineral density between groups. The only significant differences in morphometric parameters were in trabecular thickness between groups. There were no significant differences in linear regression parameters between normal and OA STB apparent mechanical properties estimated using heterogeneous microFEMs with an element‐wise bilinear elastic‐plastic constitutive model. Clinical significance: Validated heterogeneous microFEMs applied to STB of the humeral head have the potential to significantly improve our understanding of mechanical variations in the bone that occur during OA progression.
Influence of acetabular cup thickness on seating and primary stability in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Ruhr Miriam , Baetz Johanna , Pueschel Klaus , Morlock Michael M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInsufficient primary stability of acetabular hip cups is a complication resulting in early cup loosening. Available cup designs vary in terms of wall thickness, potentially affecting implant fixation. This study investigated the influence of different wall thicknesses on the implantation process and the resulting primary stability using excised human acetabula. Implantations were performed using a powered impaction device providing consistent energy with each stroke. Two different wall thicknesses were compared in terms of seating progress, polar gap remaining after implantation, bone‐to‐implant contact area, cup deflection, and lever out moment. Thin‐walled cups showed higher lever out resistance (p < 0.001) and smaller polar gaps (p < 0.001) with larger bone contact toward the dome of the cup (p < 0.001) compared to thick‐walled cups. Small seating steps at the end of the impaction process were observed if a high number of strokes were needed to seat the cup (p = 0.045). A high number of strokes led to a strain release of the cup during the final strokes (p = 0.003). This strain release is indicative for over‐impaction of the cup associated with bone damage and reduced primary stability. Adequate cup seating can be achieved with thin‐walled cups with lower energy input in comparison to thicker ones. Thin‐walled cups showed improved primary stability and enable implantation with lower energy input, reducing the risk of over‐impaction and bone damage. Additional strokes should be avoided as soon as no further seating progress has been observed.
Physicochemical characterization and identification of major linear epitopes of sarcoplasmic calcium‐binding protein (SCP) allergen from Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)
Authors: Cheng Qingli , Feng Xiaowen , Zhao Xiaohan , Gu Ruizeng , Lu Jun , Liu Wenying , Li Guoming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFood allergy is a serious public nutritional health problem that has attracted extensive worldwide attention. Shellfish allergy is a long‐lasting disorder that has a lifelong impact on health. Sarcoplasmic calcium‐binding protein (SCP) plays a vital role in cell and muscle functions and has been identified as an allergen in oyster.RESULTSIn this study, recombinant SCP (rSCP) with a molecular mass of 21 kDa was produced and identified based on SCP amino acid sequencing of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), and was used as a follow‐up experimental material. Its physicochemical characterization showed that purified rSCP is highly stable to heat and acid‐alkali and trypsin digestion but less resistant to pepsin digestion. We established an animal sensitization model and rSCP displayed stronger Immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐binding activity with rat serum in the rSCP + cholera toxin (CT) group compared with the CT group and a control group. Five epitope peptides were identified as linear immunodominant epitopes by indirect competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) for the first time. We also found that conformational epitopes may play a major role in the immunoreactivity of SCP.CONCLUSIONThese results are significant for understanding hypersensitization of humans to oyster and offer available preventive measures and treatment programs in further research. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.