bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A trait‐based framework for predicting foodborne pathogen risk from wild birds
Authors: Smith Olivia M. , Olimpi Elissa M. , Navarro‐Gonzalez Nora , Cornell Kevin A. , Frishkoff Luke O. , Northfield Tobin D. , Bowles Timothy M. , Edworthy Max , Eilers Johnna , Fu Zhen , Garcia Karina , Gonthier David J. , Jones Matthew S. , Kennedy Christina M. , Latimer Christopher E. , Owen Jeb P. , Sato Chika , Taylor Joseph M. , Wilson‐Rankin Erin E. , Snyder William E. , Karp Daniel S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecent foodborne illness outbreaks have heightened pressures on growers to deter wildlife from farms, jeopardizing conservation efforts. However, it remains unclear which species, particularly birds, pose the greatest risk to food safety. Using >11,000 pathogen tests and 1565 bird surveys covering 139 bird species from across the western United States, we examined the importance of 11 traits in mediating wild bird risk to food safety. We tested whether traits associated with pathogen exposure (e.g., habitat associations, movement, and foraging strategy) and pace‐of‐life (clutch size and generation length) mediated foodborne pathogen prevalence and proclivities to enter farm fields and defecate on crops. Campylobacter spp. were the most prevalent enteric pathogen (8.0%), while Salmonella and Shiga‐toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) were rare (0.46% and 0.22% prevalence, respectively). We found that several traits related to pathogen exposure predicted pathogen prevalence. Specifically, Campylobacter and STEC‐associated virulence genes were more often detected in species associated with cattle feedlots and bird feeders, respectively. Campylobacter was also more prevalent in species that consumed plants and had longer generation lengths. We found that species associated with feedlots were more likely to enter fields and defecate on crops. Our results indicated that canopy‐foraging insectivores were less likely to deposit foodborne pathogens on crops, suggesting growers may be able to promote pest‐eating birds and birds of conservation concern (e.g., via nest boxes) without necessarily compromising food safety. As such, promoting insectivorous birds may represent a win‐win‐win for bird conservation, crop production, and food safety. Collectively, our results suggest that separating crop production from livestock farming may be the best way to lower food safety risks from birds. More broadly, our trait‐based framework suggests a path forward for co‐managing wildlife conservation and food safety risks in farmlands by providing a strategy for holistically evaluating the food safety risks of wild animals, including under‐studied species.
Predicting the growth of the amphibian chytrid fungus in varying temperature environments
Authors: Gajewski Zachary , Stevenson Lisa A. , Pike David A. , Roznik Elizabeth A. , Alford Ross A. , Johnson Leah R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEnvironmental temperature is a crucial abiotic factor that influences the success of ectothermic organisms, including hosts and pathogens in disease systems. One example is the amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which has led to widespread amphibian population declines. Understanding its thermal ecology is essential to effectively predict outbreaks. Studies that examine the impact of temperature on hosts and pathogens often do so in controlled constant temperatures. Although varying temperature experiments are becoming increasingly common, it is unrealistic to test every temperature scenario. Thus, reliable methods that use constant temperature data to predict performance in varying temperatures are needed. In this study, we tested whether we could accurately predict Bd growth in three varying temperature regimes, using a Bayesian hierarchical model fit with constant temperature Bd growth data. We fit the Bayesian hierarchical model five times, each time changing the thermal performance curve (TPC) used to constrain the logistic growth rate to determine how TPCs influence the predictions. We then validated the model predictions using Bd growth data collected from the three tested varying temperature regimes. Although all TPCs overpredicted Bd growth in the varying temperature regimes, some functional forms performed better than others. Varying temperature impacts on disease systems are still not well understood and improving our understanding and methodologies to predict these effects could provide insights into disease systems and help conservation efforts.
A comprehensive phylogeography of the widespread pond snail genus Radix revealed restricted colonization due to niche conservatism
Authors: Saito Takumi , Hirano Takahiro , Ye Bin , Prozorova Larisa , Shovon Mohammad Shariar , Do Tu Van , Kimura Kazuki , Surenkhorloo Purevdorj , Kameda Yuichi , Morii Yuta , Fukuda Hiroshi , Chiba Satoshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo clarify the effect of niche conservatism on evolutionary history, we focused on freshwater snails, which have different ecological and phylogenetic properties from previously tested taxa. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis using 750 lymnaeid individuals from 357 sites of eleven Radix species. Then, we estimated the ancestral distribution using the geographic coordinates and colonization routes. In addition, a statistical test of the colonization distances in the latitudinal and longitudinal directions was performed. We also conducted ecological niche modeling for two widely distributed species using climatic data. Ancestral geographic reconstruction estimated the origin of the genus to be around the Indian subcontinental region and showed that latitudinal immigration distances were shorter than longitudinal immigration distances in the diversification process. Ecological niche models suggested that the current distribution was restricted by climate, with annual mean temperature and precipitation of the driest month as particularly strong factors. Niche conservatism to the climate can affect the diversification of freshwater snails.
Trophic markers and biometric measurements in Southern Ocean sea stars (1985–2017)
Authors: Moreau Camille , Le Bourg Baptiste , Balazy Piotr , Danis Bruno , Eléaume Marc , Jossart Quentin , Kuklinski Piotr , Lepoint Gilles , Saucède Thomas , Van de Putte Anton , Michel Loïc N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) are a key component of Southern Ocean benthos, with 16% of the known sea star species living there. In temperate marine environments, sea stars commonly play an important role in food webs, acting as keystone species. However, trophic ecology and functional role of Southern Ocean sea stars are still poorly known, notably due to the scarcity of large‐scale studies. Here, we report 24,332 trophic marker (stable isotopes and elemental contents of C, N, and S of tegument and/or tube feet) and biometric (arm length, disk radius, arm to disk ratio) measurements in 2,456 specimens of sea stars. Samples were collected between 12 January 1985 and 8 October 2017 in numerous locations along the Antarctic littoral and subantarctic islands. The spatial scope of the data set covers a significant portion of the Southern Ocean (47.717° S to 86.273° S; 127.767° W to 162.201° E; depth, 6–5,338 m). The data set contains 133 distinct taxa, including 72 currently accepted species spanning 51 genera, 20 families, and multiple feeding guilds/functional groups (suspension feeders, sediment feeders, omnivores, predators of mobile or sessile prey). For 505 specimens, mitochondrial CO1 genes were sequenced to confirm and/or refine taxonomic identifications, and those sequences are already publicly available through the Barcode of Life Data System. This number will grow in the future, as molecular analyses are still in progress. Overall, thanks to its large taxonomic, spatial, and temporal extent, as well as its integrative nature (combining genetic, morphological, and ecological data), this data set can be of wide interest to Southern Ocean ecologists, invertebrate zoologists, benthic ecologists, and environmental managers dealing with associated areas. Please cite this data paper in research products derived from the data set, which is freely available without copyright restrictions.
The demographic causes of population change vary across four decades in a long‐lived shorebird
Authors: Allen Andrew M. , Jongejans Eelke , van de Pol Martijn , Ens Bruno J. , Frauendorf Magali , van der Sluijs Martijn , de Kroon Hans 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding which factors cause populations to decline begins with identifying which parts of the life cycle, and which vital rates, have changed over time. However, in a world where humans are altering the environment both rapidly and in different ways, the demographic causes of decline likely vary over time. Identifying temporal variation in demographic causes of decline is crucial to assure that conservation actions target current and not past threats. However, this has rarely been studied as it requires long time series. Here we investigate how the demography of a long‐lived shorebird (the Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus) has changed in the past four decades, resulting in a shift from stable dynamics to strong declines (−9% per year), and recently back to a modest decline. Since individuals of this species are likely to respond differently to environmental change, we captured individual heterogeneity through three state variables: age, breeding status, and lay date (using integral projection models). Timing of egg‐laying explained significant levels of variation in reproduction, with a parabolic relationship of maximal productivity near the average lay date. Reproduction explained most variation in population growth rates, largely due to poor nest success and hatchling survival. However, the demographic causes of decline have also been in flux over the last three decades: hatchling survival was low in the 2000s but improved in the 2010s, while adult survival declined in the 2000s and remains low today. Overall, the joint action of several key demographic variables explain the decline of the oystercatcher, and improvements in a single vital rate cannot halt the decline. Conservations actions will thus need to address threats occurring at different stages of the oystercatcher's life cycle. The dynamic nature of the threat landscape is further supported by the finding that the average individual no longer has the highest performance in the population, and emphasizes how individual heterogeneity in vital rates can play an important role in modulating population growth rates. Our results indicate that understanding population decline in the current era requires disentangling demographic mechanisms, individual variability, and their changes over time.
The experience of blood glucose monitoring in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
Authors: Stedman Mike , Rea Rustam , Duff Christopher J. , Livingston Mark , McLoughlin Katie , Wong Louise , Brown Stephen , Grady Katherine , Gadsby Roger , Gibson John M. , Paisley Angela , Fryer Anthony A. , Heald Adrian H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundFinger prick blood glucose (BG) monitoring remains a mainstay of management in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who take sulphonylurea (SU) drugs or insulin.We recently examined patient experience of BG monitoring in people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). There has not been any recent comprehensive assessment of the performance of BG monitoring strips or the patient experience of BG strips in people with T2DM in the UK.MethodsAn online self‐reported questionnaire containing 44 questions, prepared following consultation with clinicians and patients, was circulated to people with T2DM. 186 responders provided completed responses (25.5% return rate). Fixed responses were coded numerically (eg not confident = 0 fairly confident = 1).ResultsOf responders, 84% were treated with insulin in addition to other agents. 75% reported having had an HbA1c check in the previous 6 months.For those with reported HbA1c ≥ 65 mmol/mol, a majority of people (70%) were concerned or really concerned about the shorter term consequences of running a high HbA1c This contrasted with those who did not know their recent HbA1c, of whom only 33% were concerned/really concerned and those with HbA1c <65 mmol/mol of whom 35% were concerned.Regarding BG monitoring/insulin adjustment, only 25% of responders reported having sufficient information with 13% believing that the accuracy and precision of their BG metre was being independently checked. Only 9% recalled discussing BG metre accuracy when their latest metre was provided and only 7% were aware of the International Standardisation Organisation (ISO) standards for BG metres. 77% did not recall discussing BG metre performance with a healthcare professional.ConclusionThe group surveyed comprised engaged people with T2DM but even within this group there was significant variation in (a) awareness of shorter term risks, (b) confidence in their ability to implement appropriate insulin dosage (c) awareness of the limitations of BG monitoring technology. There is clearly an area where changes in education/support would benefit many.
Expanding transboundary environmental governance: A mobile political ecology of sand and shifting resource‐based livelihoods in Southeast Asia
Authors: Lamb Vanessa , Fung Zali 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEnvironmental change and governance operate across multiple, interconnected scales. In Southeast Asia, there are calls to broaden the study of transboundary environmental governance to address the range of scales, actors, and flows in analysis. In response, we propose a framework to move beyond statist framings of ‘transboundary’ in the region by drawing on van Schendel's proposal for flow studies on the one hand, to overcome the ‘geographies of ignorance’ that stem from fixed studies of nation‐states, and mobile political ecology on the other, to emphasise the role of resource users and their mobilities in environmental governance. We focus on transboundary sand and sediments in rivers, the rise in sand mining in the region, and its impacts on livelihoods and cross‐border flows. Research was conducted from 2015 to 2019 along the transboundary Salween River in the Myanmar‐Thai borderlands. This research shows that sand extraction not only impacts existing sand‐based livelihoods, like riverbank gardening, but also intersects with migration patterns. Migration here is being exacerbated by sand mining alongside processes of environmental and political‐economic change, but these intersections would be overlooked in a fixed or statist approach. We illustrate these complex changes by presenting two ‘sand stories’ that emerge from our research. This primary research combined with a novel conceptual framing expands our analysis of transboundary by revealing and highlighting the linkages between mobilities and transboundary resource flows. In doing so, our analysis brings people, livelihoods and mobilities to the centre of transboundary environment governance and opens scholarly and practice‐based discussions to the range of actors, scales and resource regimes involved.
Risk factors to mortality and causes of death in frontotemporal dementia: An Australian perspective
Authors: Loi Samantha M. , Tsoukra Paraskevi , Chen Zhibin , Wibawa Pierre , Eratne Dhamidhu , Kelso Wendy , Walterfang Mark , Velakoulis Dennis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common cause of dementia in younger people. There is less information known about risk factors to mortality such as the type of symptom onset and cause of death in this group.MethodThis was a retrospective file review of inpatients with FTD admitted to a tertiary neuropsychiatry unit located in Australia from 1992 to 2014. Mortality information including linkage of names and causes of death were obtained from the Australian Institute Health and Welfare National Death Index.ResultsOne hundred inpatients were diagnosed with FTD, including behavioural‐variant, language‐variant FTDs and FTD‐motor neuron disease (FTD‐MND). Mean age was 52.8 years (SD = 10, range 31–76 years). Sixty‐seven of them had died at linkage. Median survival of the sample was 10.5 years and FTD‐MND had the shortest survival, 3.5 years. Increasing age of onset and FTD‐MND were found to be significant predictors of association for mortality. Compared to the general population, having a FTD had an 8× increased risk of death. Females had double the standardised mortality ratio compared to males.DiscussionThis study provides important prognostic information for people diagnosed with FTD living in Australia. It highlights the importance of obtaining a definitive diagnosis as early as possible for future planning. More investigation into the relationship of symptom onset type and sex differences in FTD is required.
Prevalence of white matter pathways coming into a single white matter voxel orientation: The bottleneck issue in tractography
Authors: Schilling Kurt G. , Tax Chantal M. W. , Rheault Francois , Landman Bennett A. , Anderson Adam W. , Descoteaux Maxime , Petit Laurent 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCharacterizing and understanding the limitations of diffusion MRI fiber tractography is a prerequisite for methodological advances and innovations which will allow these techniques to accurately map the connections of the human brain. The so‐called “crossing fiber problem” has received tremendous attention and has continuously triggered the community to develop novel approaches for disentangling distinctly oriented fiber populations. Perhaps an even greater challenge occurs when multiple white matter bundles converge within a single voxel, or throughout a single brain region, and share the same parallel orientation, before diverging and continuing towards their final cortical or sub‐cortical terminations. These so‐called “bottleneck” regions contribute to the ill‐posed nature of the tractography process, and lead to both false positive and false negative estimated connections. Yet, as opposed to the extent of crossing fibers, a thorough characterization of bottleneck regions has not been performed. The aim of this study is to quantify the prevalence of bottleneck regions. To do this, we use diffusion tractography to segment known white matter bundles of the brain, and assign each bundle to voxels they pass through and to specific orientations within those voxels (i.e. fixels). We demonstrate that bottlenecks occur in greater than 50‐70% of fixels in the white matter of the human brain. We find that all projection, association, and commissural fibers contribute to, and are affected by, this phenomenon, and show that even regions traditionally considered “single fiber voxels” often contain multiple fiber populations. Together, this study shows that a majority of white matter presents bottlenecks for tractography which may lead to incorrect or erroneous estimates of brain connectivity or quantitative tractography (i.e., tractometry), and underscores the need for a paradigm shift in the process of tractography and bundle segmentation for studying the fiber pathways of the human brain.
Patients with chronic pain exhibit individually unique cortical signatures of pain encoding
Authors: Mayr Astrid , Jahn Pauline , Stankewitz Anne , Deak Bettina , Winkler Anderson , Witkovsky Viktor , Eren Ozan , Straube Andreas , Schulz Enrico 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChronic pain is characterised by an ongoing and fluctuating intensity over time. Here, we investigated how the trajectory of the patients' endogenous pain is encoded in the brain. In repeated functional MRI (fMRI) sessions, 20 patients with chronic back pain and 20 patients with chronic migraine were asked to continuously rate the intensity of their endogenous pain. Linear mixed effects models were used to disentangle cortical processes related to pain intensity and to pain intensity changes. At group level, we found that the intensity of pain in patients with chronic back pain is encoded in the anterior insular cortex, the frontal operculum, and the pons; the change of pain in chronic back pain and chronic migraine patients is mainly encoded in the anterior insular cortex. At the individual level, we identified a more complex picture where each patient exhibited their own signature of endogenous pain encoding. The diversity of the individual cortical signatures of chronic pain encoding results bridge between clinical observations and neuroimaging; they add to the understanding of chronic pain as a complex and multifaceted disease.
Comparative performance of the human papillomavirus test and cytology for primary screening for high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia at the population level
Authors: Hurtado‐Salgado Erika , Cárdenas‐Cárdenas Luz , Salmerón Jorge , Luna‐Gordillo Rufino , Ortiz‐Panozo Eduardo , Allen‐Leigh Betania , Saavedra‐Lara Nenetzen , Franco Eduardo L. , Lazcano‐Ponce Eduardo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe World Health Organization recommends high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV)‐based screening for women 39 to 49 years, based on the greater accuracy of hrHPV‐based screening for cervical cancer detection. Many cervical cancer screening programs have incorporated hrHPV testing and multiple early cervical cancer detection strategies have been evaluated, mostly under controlled conditions. However, there are few evaluations of combined hrHPV and cytology strategies post‐implementation at the population level. Our study sought to estimate the relative yield of hrHPV testing compared to cervical cytology, as a primary screening test for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ (CIN2+), used at the population level. We analyzed screening data from Mexico's public cervical cancer prevention program from 2010 to 2015 in women 35 to 64 years. The study population consisted of two cohorts: one from a total of 2 881 962 cytology‐based screening tests and another from a total of 2 004 497 hrHPV‐based screening tests, which are concurrent in time. We performed a relative yield analysis using Poisson regression models to compare the effectiveness of hrHPV testing for CIN2+ with cervical cytology. A total of 4 886 459 records were analyzed, including 23 999 biopsies; 0.12% (n = 6166) had a CIN2+ histologic diagnosis. hrHPV testing with cytological triage detects twice as many CIN2+ cases as screening using cytology alone.
Microenvironment and drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia: Do we know enough?
Authors: Ganesan Saravanan , Mathews Vikram , Vyas Neha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AMLs), as the name suggests, often develop suddenly and are very progressive forms of cancer. Unlike in acute promyelocytic leukemia, a subtype of AML, the outcomes in most other AMLs remain poor. This is mainly attributed to the acquired drug resistance and lack of targeted therapy. Different studies across laboratories suggest that the cellular mechanisms to impart therapy resistance are often very dynamic and should be identified in a context‐specific manner. Our review highlights the progress made so far in identifying the different cellular mechanisms of mutation‐independent therapy resistance in AML. It reiterates that for more effective outcomes cancer therapies should acquire a more tailored approach where the protective interactions between the cancer cells and their niches are identified and targeted.