bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functionalization of sodium carboxymethylated yeast β‐glucan by epigallocatechin gallate: Antioxidant activity and color stability
Authors: Chen Meiling , Ji Tianchen , Hong Jianquan , Zheng Changge 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSodium carboxymethylated yeast β‐glucan (SC‐GLUCAN) was functionalized with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) by esterification. EGCG was first succinylized and then grafted onto SC‐GLUCAN through an N, N′ carbonyldiimidazole mediated reaction. The graft of EGCG with SC‐GLUCAN (SC‐GLUCAN‐g‐EGCG) was verified by spectroscopic (UV, FTIR) and thermal (derivative thermogravimetric [DTG] and thermogravimetric analysis [TGA]) analyses. The grafting ratio of SC‐GLUCAN‐g‐EGCG was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu procedure and up to 100.25 mg/g SC‐GLUCAN‐g‐EGCG. The antioxidant activity of SC‐GLUCAN‐g‐EGCG was evaluated by scavenging activity of DPPH and ABTS radical, reducing power, and iron chelating ability. SC‐GLUCAN‐g‐EGCG exhibited dramatical increases in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. In addition, the color development of SC‐GLUCAN‐g‐EGCG solution was studied through sun irradiation. SC‐GLUCAN‐g‐EGCG solutions presented better color stability at 0.2 and 0.4 mg/mL, especially within 4 hr of the sun. TGA and DTG showed that SC‐GLUCAN‐g‐EGCG had good thermal stability. Therefore, SC‐GLUCAN‐g‐EGCG might show potential in active food packaging, and could be further used as cosmetics ingredient.
Co‐Ni‐P‐B catalyzed hydroformylation of long linear α olefins
Authors: Guo Jing , He Xiaofei , Fan Subing , Gao Xinhua , Zhang Jianli , Ma Qingxiang , Zhao Tian‐Sheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs indirect liquefaction of coal has been carried out in megaton scale, extension of the Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis products has received renewed interest. Hydroformylation provides a way for the transformation of alkenes to aldehydes. Homogeneous rhodium complex catalysts are efficacious but expensive and not easy to recover and reuse. Heterogeneous catalysts are desired to enable their easy separation. Amorphous four‐component non‐precious metal catalysts were prepared using facile reduction and their activity toward hydroformylation of long linear α olefins was investigated.RESULTSObtained Co‐Ni‐P‐B presented uniform nanoparticles that were well‐dispersed Co with more electrons, attributing to isolation and electron transfer among the four components. The Co, Ni, P, and B were in both atomic states and oxidation states. The Co in Co‐Ni‐P‐B was shown to be electron‐enriched with enhanced catalytic activity. Co‐Ni‐P‐B displayed good catalytic activity for hydroformylation of linear C6, C8, C10, or C12 α olefins, and the highest activity for 1‐octene. The conversion of 1‐octene and the selectivity of C9 aldehydes reached 99.62% and 96.30%, respectively. The ratio of nonanal to isononanal was 1.44. The selectivity for isomeric products was 3.70%. There existed an appropriate four‐component ratio for hydroformylation of 1‐octene owing to synergistic effects among the Co, Ni, P, and B. Co‐Ni‐P‐B exhibited good reusability.CONCLUSIONAmorphous four‐component Co‐Ni‐P‐B prepared by facile reduction showed good catalytic performance toward hydroformylation of long linear C6, C8, C10, or C12 α olefins due to synergistic effects among the Co, Ni, P, and B. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of sequential dilute acid‐alkali pretreated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) stalk for cellulosic ethanol production
Authors: Hemansi  , Kaushik Abhishek , Yadav Garima , Saini Jitendra Kumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDCotton stalk (CS) was deconstructed by sequential dilute acid‐alkali pretreatment (DALP) using sulfuric acid (1%, v/v) and sodium hydroxide (3%, w/v). The enzymatic hydrolysis of DALP‐CS by cellulase was optimized by Taguchi method, employing factors like solid loading, enzyme dose, tween 80, and pH as main process variables. For bioethanol production, pretreated CS was subjected to simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using a newly identified yeast strain Kluyveromyces marxianus JKSG‐6.RESULTSSequential pretreatment of CS resulted in 66% and 42% removal of hemicellulose and lignin, respectively. The same was evident from the changes in the fourier transforming infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy absorption spectrum. Under optimized conditions, the enzymatic hydrolysis of DALP‐CS released 375.50 ± 0.04 mg g−1 of glucose. Further, by employing K. marxianus JKSG‐6 under SSF at 42 °C, the strain produced an ethanol titer of 26.10 ± 0.05 g L−1 from pretreated CS.CONCLUSIONSequential dilute acid‐alkali pretreatment rendered CS, a highly recalcitrant LCB feedstock for bioethanol, more accessible for hydrolysis by cellulase. SSF of the effectively pretreated CS was successfully carried out for bioethanol production by employing a newly identified yeast K. marxianus JKSG‐6. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
How lung injury and therapeutic oxygen could alter white matter development
Authors: Dettman Robert W. , Dizon Maria L. V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDevelopmental brain injury describes a spectrum of neurological pathologies resulting from either antenatal or perinatal injury. This includes both cognitive and motor defects that affect patients for their entire lives. Developmental brain injury can be caused by a spectrum of conditions including stroke, perinatal hypoxia‐ischemia, and intracranial hemorrhage. Additional risk factors have been identified including very low birth weight, mechanical ventilation, and oxygen (O2) supplementation. In fact, infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, an inflammatory disease associated with disrupted lung development, have been shown to have decreased cerebral white matter and decreased intracranial volumes. Thus, there appears to be a developmental link between the lung, O2, and the brain that leads to proper myelination. Here, we will discuss what is currently known about the link between O2 and myelination and how scientists are exploring mechanisms through which supplemental O2 and/or lung injury can affect brain development. Consideration of a link between the diseased lung and developing brain will allow clinicians to fine tune their approaches in managing preterm lung disease in order to optimize brain health.
Body composition assessment after pediatric liver transplant
Authors: Perteet‐Jackson Alissa D. , Earthman Carrie P. , Price Kathleen L. , Hanson Amy , Shyne Michael P. , Larson‐Nath Catherine M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPediatric liver transplantation generally restores metabolic function; yet after transplantation, some children remain malnourished, have increased adiposity, and develop obesity. Measurement of body composition in the assessment of nutrition status could reduce adverse consequences in children.MethodsAnthropometric measurements, multiple‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, air displacement plethysmography, and ultrasound measurements were conducted on children recruited from the liver transplant program at the University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital. A cross‐sectional study was conducted to describe the quality of weight gain in post–liver transplant children between the ages of 2 and 17 years using multiple assessment tools (air displacement plethysmography, multiple‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, and ultrasound) and to determine whether multiple‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis and ultrasound accurately describe body composition and quality of weight gain.ResultsMean percent body fat by air displacement plethysmography and multiple‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis was 18.4% (±3.3) and 19.0% (±3.9), respectively (P > .99). There were insufficient data to examine the relationship between summed muscle and adipose thickness measures by ultrasound and percent body fat determined by air displacement plethysmography or multiple‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis.ConclusionPercent body fat, fat mass, and fat‐free mass measures determined by air displacement plethysmography and multiple‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis were not statistically different, which suggests the stand‐on device used in this study could be a useful body composition assessment tool for the pediatric population.
Could the central‐eastern Iberian Mediterranean region be defined as a refugium? Fauna and flora in MIS 5–3 and their implications for Palaeolithic human behaviour
Authors: Real Cristina , Martínez‐varea Carmen María , Carrión Yolanda , Badal Ernestina , Sanchis Alfred , Guillem Pere , Martínez‐valle Rafael , Villaverde Valentín 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTNeanderthals and modern humans from the Early Upper Palaeolithic had a highly developed knowledge of their environment, where they found the essential resources for their subsistence. Therefore, changes in the local landscape and available resources should have influenced their behaviour, as indicated by faunal and plant remains recovered from archaeological sites. In the central‐eastern Iberian Mediterranean region, the archaeological sites of Cova Negra, Abrigo de la Quebrada, Cova de les Malladetes and Cova de les Cendres have provided wood charcoal, seeds and fauna. The combination of these data allows an accurate reconstruction of the regional landscape from MIS 5 to the beginning of MIS 2. The available evidence suggests that this region could be defined as a refugium in which biodiversity persisted. This type of refugium, containing a high diversity of biotopes and some endemic species, which has lasted until the present day, can be seen at a regional scale, but also locally, especially near the coast. These special characteristics of the region – relatively stable climatic conditions with oscillations mainly in aridity and humidity, and a high diversity of flora and fauna – could explain the high density of Palaeolithic sites throughout Middle and Upper Palaeolithic here.
Mixing of Surfactin, an Anionic Biosurfactant, with Alkylbenzene Sulfonate, a Chemically Synthesized Anionic Surfactant, at the n‐Decane/Water Interface
Authors: Gang Hong‐Ze , Bian Peng‐Cheng , He Xiuli , He Xiujuan , Bao Xinning , Mu Bo‐Zhong , Li Yingcheng , Yang Shi‐Zhong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBiosurfactants show synergic effects with synthesized surfactant in reducing hydrophobic/hydrophilic interfacial tension, while the understanding of the synergistic mechanism is limited. In the present work, mixed monolayers of surfactin and branched alkylbenzene sulfonate at the n‐decane/water interface were studied using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, and the presence of surfactin affecting the microstructure and dynamic properties of the mixed monolayer was evaluated at molecular level. The density distributions of the surfactants along the direction normal to the interface, radial distribution functions of the surfactant head groups, hydrophobic contacts between surfactants, translational activities of both surfactants and counterions, and the dynamics of the hydrogen bonds formed between surfactant and water were calculated. The results suggested that the structure of the mixed monolayers was more compact than that of the individual system of alkylbenzene sulfonate and the interfacial tension was more efficiently reduced, and the translational activities of both surfactants within the mixed monolayers were much lower. The results implied that biosurfactant surfactin and alkylbenzene sulfonate mixed well at the n‐decane/water interface, though they were both anionic surfactants.
Calorie Restriction and SIRT1 Overexpression Induce Different Gene Expression Profiles in White Adipose Tissue in Association with Metabolic Improvement
Authors: Pardo Rosario , Velilla Marc , Herrero Laura , Cervela Luis , Ribeiro Marcelo L. , Simó Rafael , Villena Josep A. 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionCalorie restriction (CR) exerts multiple effects on health, including the amelioration of systemic insulin resistance. Although the precise mechanisms by which CR improves glucose homeostasis remain poorly defined, SIRT1 has been suggested to act as a central mediator of the cellular responses to CR. Here, we aim at identifying the mechanisms by which CR and SIRT1 modulate white adipose tissue (WAT) function, a key tissue in the control of glucose homeostasis.Material and MethodsA gene expression profiling study using DNA microarrays is conducted in WAT of control and SIRT1 transgenic mice fed ad libitum (AL) and mice subjected to 40% CR.ResultsGene expression profiling reveals a relatively low degree of overlap between the transcriptional programs regulated by SIRT1 and CR. Gene networks related to extracellular matrix appear commonly downregulated by SIRT1/CR, whereas mitochondrial biogenesis is enhanced exclusively by CR. Moreover, WAT inflammation is reduced by CR and SIRT1, although their anti‐inflammatory effects appeared to be achieved by regulating different gene networks related to the immune system.Concluding RemarksIn WAT, SIRT1 does not mediate most of the effects of CR on gene expression. Still, gene networks differentially regulated by SIRT1 and CR converge to reduce WAT inflammation.
Validation of Malnutrition Clinical Characteristics in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Vavruk Ana Maria , Martins Cristina , Mazza do Nascimento Marcelo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to validate the Malnutrition Clinical Characteristics (MCC) compared with the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), considering anthropometric measures, comorbidities, and mortality in critically ill patients.MethodsThis longitudinal observational study included patients admitted to the general intensive care unit (ICU) of a public hospital. SGA was used as the reference standard for diagnosing malnutrition. The inclusion criteria were patients receiving nutrition support therapy and age >18 years. The nutrition therapy was optimized as close as possible to 100% of the patients’ energy and protein needs regardless of the access route. Hospital length of stay (LOS), comorbidities on admission, and death were documented during the entire hospitalization of each patient. Body mass index (BMI), midarm circumference (MAC), and calf circumference (CC) were considered anthropometric measures.ResultsThe convenience sample comprised 102 ICU patients. Comparing the original malnutrition classifications of SGA with MCC, the specificity was 87.5%, sensitivity was 100%, accuracy was 93.3%, positive predictive value was 87.5%, and negative predictive value was 100%. When classified in 2 groups, namely “well‐nourished” and “malnourished,” specificity and sensitivity were 100% between both groups. Malnourished patients had significantly higher mortality rates (P = .006) and longer LOSs (P <.001). As expected, BMI, MAC, and CC results were similar for SGA and MCC.ConclusionsMCC was a valid tool for classifying malnutrition in ICU patients. Because the evaluation is fast and does not require expensive equipment that is difficult to handle, it is believed to be practical, low‐cost, and easy to use.
An Underdiagnosed Hypothyroidism and Its Clinical Significance in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Shao Yu-Yun , Cheng Ann-Lii , Hsu Chih-Hung 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Many systemic therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may cause hypothyroidism; however, in these patients, hypothyroidism prevalence before therapy and its prognostic impact remain unclear.

Materials and Methods
We previously established a prospective cohort of patients who received sorafenib as first-line therapy for advanced HCC. No patients had been clinically diagnosed with hypothyroidism before or during sorafenib treatment. We retrospectively determined the levels of thyrotropin and free thyroxine before initiation of systemic therapy. Hypothyroidism was defined as thyrotropin level higher than the upper limit of the normal range. Among patients with hypothyroidism, free thyroxine level less than the lower normal range was defined as overt hypothyroidism, and free thyroxine level within the normal range was defined as subclinical hypothyroidism.

Results
In total, 79 patients were enrolled; of them, 16 (20%) had hypothyroidism (overt hypothyroidism, 10; subclinical hypothyroidism, 6). Patients with hypothyroidism, compared with those without hypothyroidism, were more likely to be older than 65 years (56% vs. 29%, p = .037), have a serum α-fetoprotein level of &gt;400 ng/mL (81% vs. 52%, p = .037), and have a significantly poorer overall survival (OS; median, 5.5 vs. 11.6 months, p = .043). After adjusting for other potential prognostic factors, hypothyroidism remained an independent predictor for poorer OS (hazard ratio, 2.53, p = .018). Patients with overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism exhibited similarly poor OS (p = .768).

Conclusion
Underdiagnosis of hypothyroidism in patients with advanced HCC was common. Hypothyroidism, whether overt or subclinical, is associated with poor prognosis of advanced HCC.

Implications for Practice
The results of this study showed the underdiagnosis of hypothyroidism in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its influence on prognosis. These findings implied the importance of thyroid function check before initiation of systemic therapy for patients with advanced HCC.
Synthesis and radical copolymerization of 2‐(4‐((4‐isocyanophenyl)diazenyl)phenoxy)ethyl‐3‐phenylacrylate with maleic anhydride
Authors: Burkeyev Meiram , Satpaeva Zhanarkul , Tazhbayev Yerkeblan , Seilkhanov Tulegen , Havlicek David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA monomer containing a photochromic group was synthesized by condensation of 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyloxy)‐4‐cyanoazobenzene with cinnamoyl chloride. The structure and composition of the monomer were established by FTIR, UV–Vis, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The values of chemical shifts, multiplicity, and integrated intensity of 1H signals in one‐dimensional NMR spectra of the monomer were determined, and the homo‐ and heteronuclear interactions were found. The crystal structure of 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyloxy)‐4‐cyanoazobenzene was established using X‐ray diffraction analysis. A copolymer containing photochromic mesogenic fragment was synthesized by radical copolymerization of 2‐(4‐((4‐isocyanophenyl)diazenyl)phenoxy)ethyl‐3‐phenylacrylate with maleic anhydride.
Impact of interconnection failure on photovoltaic module performance
Authors: Colvin Dylan J. , Schneller Eric J. , Davis Kristopher O. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the impact of failures on performance is necessary for any technology's development. There are many interconnection schemes that have emerged as the field solar photovoltaics has matured, but the most commonly used and well‐understood scheme is ribbon tabbing. In the field, the contacts between the ribbons and the cell metallization can fail via corrosion or solder joint failure. Solder joint failures are simulated by systematically cutting the interconnections of four‐busbar, multicrystalline silicon modules. It is shown that not only do the failures themselves contribute to performance loss but the location of the failed interconnection with respect to those near it is also important. Different breakage schemes and their impact on performance are compared. Different methods of calculating series resistance are evaluated. Multi‐irradiance performance is used to show how energy yield models can inaccurately predict module output for modules with high series resistance.
Sleep practices in pediatric cancer patients: Indirect effects on sleep disturbances and symptom burden
Authors: Daniel Lauren C. , Meltzer Lisa J. , Gross J. Yael , Flannery Jamie L. , Forrest Christopher B. , Barakat Lamia P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveSleep hygiene recommendations are commonly given to address patient‐reported concerns about sleep, yet few studies have examined the relationship between sleep hygiene and sleep disturbances in the context of pediatric oncology. Because poor sleep may affect the patient's experience of cancer‐related symptoms, understanding whether sleep hygiene practices influence sleep disturbances and symptoms may be important to improving symptom burden.MethodsOne hundred and two caregivers of children ages 5–17 and 59 patients ages 8–17 receiving treatment for cancer completed parallel measures of child sleep, sleep hygiene, pain, fatigue, and nausea. Sleep hygiene practices were described, correlates between measures were examined, and the indirect relationship of sleep hygiene on symptom burden through sleep disturbances was tested using PROCESS.ResultsPatients received adequate sleep for age but sleep timing was later than recommended for more than half of the sample and consistency in sleep times was poor. Sleep disturbances were moderately related to all symptoms, with the exception of patient‐reported fatigue. Consistent sleep habits were indirectly related to fewer cancer‐related symptoms of pain, fatigue, and nausea through sleep disturbances by caregiver report but not patient report.ConclusionSleep disturbances are closely related to pain, fatigue, and nausea in pediatric cancer. Consistency in sleep/wake routines and schedules may be important to experiencing fewer sleep disturbances and lower symptom burden. Providing recommendations supporting consistent sleep habits broadly across pediatric oncology may be more effective than only presenting sleep hygiene recommendations to patients experiencing poor sleep.
Small heat shock protein 22 kDa can modulate the aggregation and liquid–liquid phase separation behavior of tau
Authors: Darling April L. , Dahrendorff Jan , Creodore Stefan G. , Dickey Chad A. , Blair Laura J. , Uversky Vladimir N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlzheimer's disease is a progressive fatal neurodegenerative disease with no cure or effective treatments. The hallmarks of disease include extracellular plaques and intracellular tangles of aggregated protein. The intracellular tangles consist of the microtubule associated protein tau. Preventing the pathological aggregation of tau may be an important therapeutic approach to treat disease. In this study we show that small heat shock protein 22 kDa (Hsp22) can prevent the aggregation of tau in vitro. Additionally, tau can undergo liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) in the presence of crowding reagents which causes it to have an increased aggregation rate. We show that Hsp22 can modulate both the aggregation and LLPS behavior of tau in vitro.