bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of sheath blight disease (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) on rice (Oryza sativa L) in Northern Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Pratiwi W , Safni I , Oemry S , Lisnawita  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sheath blight is one of the most important fungal rice diseases worldwide as well as in Indonesia, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Yield losses caused by sheath blight disease in the tropics reached 6%. This research was conducted by survey technique to measure the disease incidence and disease severity on rice plants in 13 (thirteen) locations representing 12 (twelve) districts in Northern Sumatra, Indonesia. Variable values of disease incidence and disease severity were found in surveyed locations. The results showed that Sumber Tani Talawi in Batubara district had both the highest disease incidence (99.48%) and the highest disease severity (12.36%).
Utilization of the yard to support family food security in the pandemic time of Covid-19
Authors: Edi S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to provide and alternatives to the use of relatively narrow yards for cultivating hydroponic vegetables that are environmentally friendly and free from chemical pesticide residues. The activity was carried out in RT 9 Handil Jaya Village, Jelutung District, Jambi City during the Covid-19 pandemic from March to August 2020. Data collected has material requirements, production, distribution, and the impact of activities. The data were analysed quantitatively. The hydroponic technology of the Nutrient Film Technique system is placed attached to the yard fence using 12 rods of 3-inch pipe with a length of 3 m and a distance of 15 cm so that there are 240 planting holes using one reservoir. Several types of vegetables are planted, such as celery, lettuce, spinach, kale, pakcoy and kailan, which are planted as needed and harvest. The production of this vegetable has exceeded the needs of the family and even sold to markets, kebab and burger traders for 25,000 IDR. Farming profit is 538,703 IDR for every 40 days of harvest or 4,309,624 IDR in 8 harvests a year. Based on the calculation of B/C Ratio and R/C Ratio, this farming deserves to be continued and provides benefits.
Analysis of yields quantity and quality of several sweet potatoes genotypes at different harvest ages
Authors: Rahmawati N , Sipayung R , Widya R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Efforts to increase production and yield quality can be done by planting local superior genotypes and setting the right harvest ages. This research was conducted to analyse the effect of harvesting age and genotype on the quantity and quality of sweet potato production. The location of planting in the research area on Jalan Pasar 1 Medan Selayang, from May to September 2019. This research used a randomized block design with 2 factors, namely local genotype (Perbaungan, Cengkeh Turi with orange tuber, Cengkeh Turi with yellow tuber), Beta-1 and harvest age (14,16, and 18 weeks). The highest production quantity indicated by the tuber weight, the best harvest quality indicated by the fresh tuber grade A grading and the highest yield index were the local genotypes of Cengkeh Turi with yellow tubers. The highest grade B fresh tuber grading was produced by Perbaungan local genotypes. Beta -1 variety produced the highest plant fresh weight. Sweet potato harvested at the age of 18 weeks produced the highest tuber weight, the best grade A fresh tuber grading, and the highest yield index. Production weight and yield quality were not influenced by the interaction between the treatment of harvest age and sweet potato genotype.
Morphology identification and description of coffee plants (Coffea sp) in Karo District
Authors: Vionita S , Kardhinata E H , Damanik R I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Coffee is individual of the other plantation supplies that has a great commercial worth amid other estate harvests and plays a significant role as a basis of external exchange. This research aims to identify and determine the morphological characters of coffee plants (Coffea sp) in the three Sub-Districts Merek, Naman Teran, and Simpang Empat, Districts of Tanah Karo, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The research was conducted in 2019 which consisted of 27 plant samples. This research is an exploratory research which is conducted by survey and the sample is taken by using accidental sampling method. Observation of coffee morphological characters based on the IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute) descriptor manual. The results showed that 27 coffee accessions found in each location had a relatively close similarity distance with the farthest kinship value of 8.813 found in the K26 and K8 accessions.
Gene action and heritability of F4 generation derived from the crossing of Silopuk red rice cultivar with superior Fatmawati variety
Authors: Wahyuni H , Yusniwati  , Simanjuntak A P , Swasti E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Population F4 is a segregated population the character of certai, so important to know the parameters of genetics. The purpose of our research to determine action of gene and the values expected heritability population F4 (Silopuk X Fatmawati). The research has been from month of October 2017 to February 2018 in land farmer Padang Limau Manis. The research use method experiment without repitition the head to row with analysis Z Skewness and Z Kurtosis. The genetic material of this research is rice seed on the F3 generation from the selection of pedigree crosses between silopuk and Fatmawati superior variety and the other seeds were Silopuk cultivar and Fatmawati superior variety as control. The research data showed that Z test skewness and Z test Kurtosis for whole characters observed were dominant controlled by minor genes. The character age of flowering, plant height, length of panicle and percentage filled grain per panicle were controlled by many gene additive. The broad heritability value for all character observed in the F4 population ranged from 0.01-0.99 with low to high criteria.
Experimental investigation of performance and emission characteristics of CI engine fuelled with linseed oil with diethyl carbonate
Authors: Udayakumar P. , Kasiraman G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the current investigation non-consumable Linseed oil is was utilized as alternative source for diesel engine fuel. The examination was done by utilizing diesel, linseed oil-mix and Di-ethyl carbonate as an additive at different loads from 0 kg to 16 kg. The blends arranged were B20, B40, B60, B80, B100. The fuel was by tested by performance and emission characteristics on a single chamber four stroke diesel engine. Performance parameters, for example, Brake thermal efficiency, Brake specific fuel consumption were studied and emission parameters, for example, CO, CO2, O2, NOx, and HC were estimated. The Brake thermal efficiency increments with increment in load however its lower when contrasted with diesel. The Brake specific fuel consumption likewise decreases with increment in load. The blends give somewhat lesser CO2 at medium and most extreme load when contrasted with diesel. In any case, different emissions are greater than diesel at all loads.
Antibody heavy chain CDR3 length-dependent usage of human IGHJ4 and IGHJ6 germline genes
Authors: Wang Huimin , Yan Kai , Wang Ruixue , Yang Yi , Shen Yuelei , Yu Changyuan , Chen Lei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTherapeutic antibody discovery using synthetic diversity has been proved productive, especially for target proteins not suitable for traditional animal immunization-based antibody discovery approaches. Recently, many lines of evidences suggest that the quality of synthetic diversity design limits the development success of synthetic antibody hits. The aim of our study is to understand the quality limitation and to properly address the challenges with a better design. Using VH3–23 as a model framework, we observed and quantitatively mapped CDR-H3 loop length-dependent usage of human IGHJ4 and IGHJ6 germline genes in the natural human immune repertoire. Skewed usage of DH2-JH6 and DH3-JH6 rearrangements was quantitatively determined in a CDR-H3 length-dependent manner in natural human antibodies with long CDR-H3 loops. Structural modeling suggests choices of JH help to stabilize antibody CDR-H3 loop and JH only partially contributes to the paratope. Our observations shed light on the design of next-generation synthetic diversity with improved probability of success.
Assessment and Comparison of Two Different Methods to Extract Nucleic Acids From Individual Honey Bees
Authors: Swami Rohan , Ganser Brooke , Tarpy David R , Strand Micheline K , Li-Byarlay Hongmei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe honey bee is an excellent model system to study behavioral ecology, behavioral genetics, and sociogenomics. Nucleic acid-based analyses enable a broad scope of research in functional genomics, disease diagnostics, mutant screening, and genetic breeding. Multiple levels of analysis lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the causes of phenotypic variation by integrating genomic variation, transcriptomic profiles, and epigenomic information. One limitation, however, is the sample preparation procedures to obtain high quality DNA and RNA simultaneously, particularly from small amounts of material, such as tissues of individual bees. We demonstrate that it is feasible to perform dual extractions of DNA and RNA from a single individual bee and compare the quality and quantity of the extracted nucleic acids using two different types of methods. There was a greater total yield of DNA and RNA from ethanol-based extractions with minimal differences in overall concentration in ng/uL. We describe here the first validated method for dual extraction of DNA and RNA specifically from individual honey bees (Apis mellifera).
Pain Appraisals in Patients with Physical Injury: Assessing the Role of Distress Tolerance in the Relationship between Depression and Pain Catastrophizing
Authors: Hruschak Valerie J , Yuan Yan , Ringwald Whitney , Beaugard Corinne , Repine Melissa , Pacella-LaBarbara Maria , Rosen Daniel , Cochran Gerald 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pain is a complex construct contributing to significant impairment, particularly among physically injured patients seeking treatment in trauma and orthopedic surgery settings in which social workers are an integral component of care. The biopsychosocial theory, fear-avoidance, and cognitive mediation models of pain suggest that psychological factors (for example, depression) affect one’s ability to tolerate distress, leading to negative pain appraisals, such as catastrophizing. This study examined whether distress tolerance serves as a mechanism by which depression is associated with pain catastrophizing. We administered a health survey to outpatient trauma and orthopedic surgery clinic patients who were using opioid medications; 84 patients were included in the final analysis; 39.3 percent screened positive for depression. A multilevel mediation model using structural equation modeling revealed a significant direct effect from depression to pain catastrophizing (ß = .31, z = 3.96, p &lt; .001) and a significant indirect effect by distress tolerance (Δß = .27, z = 3.84, p &lt; .001). These results, which suggest that distress tolerance partially mediated the path from depression to pain catastrophizing, can inform social workers and other members of the multidisciplinary team about both the critical role of psychosocial factors after injury and interventions to improve postinjury recovery.
Daily Signaling Rate and the Duration of Sound per Signal are Negatively Related in Neotropical Forest Katydids
Authors: Symes Laurel B , Robillard Tony , Martinson Sharon J , Dong Jiajia , Kernan Ciara E , Miller Colleen R , ter Hofstede Hannah M 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResearchers have long examined the structure of animal advertisement signals, but comparatively little is known about how often these signals are repeated and what factors predict variation in signaling rate across species. Here, we focus on acoustic advertisement signals to test the hypothesis that calling males experience a tradeoff between investment in the duration or complexity of individual calls and investment in signaling over long time periods. This hypothesis predicts that the number of signals that a male produces per 24 h will negatively correlate with (1) the duration of sound that is produced in each call (the sum of all pulses) and (2) the number of sound pulses per call. To test this hypothesis, we measured call parameters and the number of calls produced per 24 h in 16 species of sympatric phaneropterine katydids from the Panamanian rainforest. This assemblage also provided us with the opportunity to test a second taxonomically specific hypothesis about signaling rates in taxa such as phaneropterine katydids that transition from advertisement calls to mating duets to facilitate mate localization. To establish duets, male phaneropterine katydids call and females produce a short acoustic reply. These duets facilitate searching by males, females, or both sexes, depending on the species. We test the hypothesis that males invest either in calling or in searching for females. This hypothesis predicts a negative relationship between how often males signal over 24 h and how much males move across the landscape relative to females. For the first hypothesis, there was a strong negative relationship between the number of signals and the duration of sound that is produced in each signal, but we find no relationship between the number of signals produced per 24 h and the number of pulses per signal. This result suggests the presence of cross-taxa tradeoffs that limit signal production and duration, but not the structure of individual signals. These tradeoffs could be driven by energetic limitations, predation pressure, signal efficacy, or other signaling costs. For the second hypothesis, we find a negative relationship between the number of signals produced per day and proportion of the light trap catch that is male, likely reflecting males investing either in calling or in searching. These cross-taxa relationships point to the presence of pervasive trade-offs that fundamentally shape the spatial and temporal dynamics of communication.
Rethinking Intersections of Crime and Terrorism: Insights from Political Economies of Violence
Authors: Omelicheva Mariya Y , Markowitz Lawrence P 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe post–Cold War environment has ushered in an era of threats from terrorism, organized crime, and their intersections giving rise to the growing literature on the so-called crime–terror nexus. This article takes stock of this literature, assesses its accomplishments and limitations, and considers ways to deepen it conceptually, theoretically, and empirically. To challenge assumptions informing the crime–terror studies and suggest avenues for future research, the article draws on ideas from the scholarship on political economies of violence. These insights are used to probe the (1) non-state actors that form the crime–terror nexus, (2) conditions under which the nexus is likely to emerge, and (3) varied effects of criminal–terrorist intersections. The article emphasizes the ties of criminal and terrorist groups to local politics, society, and economy, and relationships of competition, rather than cooperation, which often characterize these ties. The conditions under which these groups operate cannot be understood without considering the role of the state in criminal–terrorist constellations. The structure of resource economies influences both the preferences of terrorist groups for crime and the consequences of terrorist–criminal convergence, which are also mediated by state participation in crime.
Efficacy of nikkomycin Z in murine CNS coccidioidomycosis: modelling sustained-release dosing
Authors: Sass Gabriele , Larwood David J , Martinez Marife , Shrestha Pallabi , Stevens David A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Meningitis is the most feared coccidioidomycosis complication. Nikkomycin Z (nikZ) is a chitin synthase inhibitor. A concern is short half-life, necessitating multiple dose/day regimens. We simulated extended release, providing nikZ in drinking water. Extended release would enhance convenience, and adherence, for patients.

Methods
Coccidioides posadasii was injected intracerebrally into mice. Twelve day treatments began on Day 3. Fluconazole was given 100 mg/kg once daily (gavage); designed doses of nikZ 30, 100 or 300 mg/kg/day in drinking water. On Day 30 post-treatment, survivors were euthanized, brain cfu quantitated and cfu in other organs assessed.

Results
nikZ was stable in drinking water. Survival was 11%, 50%, 70%, 90% and 100% in untreated controls, fluconazole and nikZ 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively ; nikZ 300 mg/kg/day was superior (P ≤ 0.01) to fluconazole. Brains were sterilized in 0%, 20%, 86%, 89% and 80% of mice, respectively; nikZ 100 or 300 mg/kg/day was superior (P ≤ 0.01) to fluconazole. Clearance of infection in other organs was similar. All decreased drinking after infection, causing nikZ mice to ingest less than the desired dose in early therapy; despite this, they recovered sufficiently to resume pre-infection drinking and designed drug intakes. Thus, when sickest, even less than the designed dose was sufficient to enable recovery.

Conclusions
This efficacy supports the development of sustained-release nikZ. Decreased intake wouldn’t be a factor in humans, receiving drug via extended-release pill or continuous IV infusion. In prior studies (twice daily nikZ) of murine coccidioidal meningitis, results were inferior, suggesting sustained release may provide both convenience and superior outcomes.
Engineering Thermotoga maritima β-glucosidase for improved alkyl glycosides synthesis by site-directed mutagenesis
Authors: Xue Yemin , Xue Mengke , Xie Fang , Zhang Mengchen , Zhao Hongyang , Zhou Tao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Alkyl glycosides are well-characterized nonionic surfactants, and can be prepared by transglycosylation reactions with retaining GH1 glycosidases being normally used for this purpose. The produced alkyl glycosides can also be hydrolyzed by the glycosidase, and hence, the yields of alkyl glycosides can be too low for industrial use. To improve the transglycosylation-to-hydrolysis ratio for a β-glucosidase from Thermotoga maritima (TmBglA) for the synthesis of alkyl glycoside, six mutants (N222F, N223C, N223Q, G224A, Y295F, and F414S) were produced. N222F, N223C, N223Q, G224A improved catalytic activity, F295Y and F414S are hydrolytically crippled with p-nitrophenol-β-d-glucopyranoside (pNPG) as substrate with an 85 and 70-fold decrease in apparent kcat, respectively; N222F shows the highest kcat/km value for pNPG. The substrate selectivity altered from pNPG to pNP-β-d-fucoside for N222F, F295Y, and F414S and from cellubiose to gentiobiose for N222F and F414S. Using pNPG (34 mM) and hexanol 80% (vol/vol), N222F, Y295F, and F414S synthesized hexyl-β-glycoside (HG) yields of 84.7%, 50.9%, and 54.1%, respectively, HG increased from 14.49 (TmBglA) to 22.8 mM (N222F) at 2 hr by 57.42%. However, this higher transglycosylation effect depended on that three mutants creates an environment more suited for hexanol in the active site pocket, and consequently suppressed its HG hydrolysis.
Sarcomatous Meningioma: Diagnostic Pitfalls and the Utility of Molecular Testing
Authors: Lucas Calixto-Hope G , Devine Patrick , Solomon David A , Giannini Caterina , Reifenberger Guido , Dahiya Sonika , Caccamo Dario , Perry Arie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Anaplastic meningiomas can have a sarcomatous appearance on histology but true sarcomatous (metaplastic) differentiation is rare. These tumors follow an aggressive clinical course with recurrence and poor clinical outcomes. Due to significant overlap in morphology and immunohistochemical profiles, distinguishing between sarcomatous transformation of a meningioma and a true sarcoma can be challenging. Here, we outline potential diagnostic pitfalls and the utility of ancillary molecular testing in 3 patients diagnosed with sarcomatous meningiomas. We report loss of typical meningothelial markers in sarcomatous meningiomas. Ancillary molecular testing can support the diagnosis of sarcomatous meningioma when a molecular signature consistent with meningioma is seen, such as inactivation of the NF2 gene. Recognition of this rare transformation in meningioma can prevent a misdiagnosis of a primary sarcoma, whether sporadic or radiation-induced from prior treatment of a more classic meningioma.
Exploring the factors that influence healthcare providers care quality in Jordanian hospitals: the perspectives of nurses, pharmacists and physicians
Authors: Algunmeeyn Abdullah , El-Dahiyat Faris , Al-Hussami Mahmoud 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The key point of this investigation is to explore factors that influence healthcare providers’ quality care in government hospitals in Jordan, from the perspective of nurses, pharmacists and physicians.

Method
A qualitative technique (case study) was executed in this project. Semi-structured interviews (face-to-face) were used. The thematic analysis was applied in this study. The interviews were conducted with five physicians, five pharmacists and five nurses at different levels, including different specialists from Jordanian government hospitals.

Key findings
Four vital factor influencing of nu healthcare providers’ quality care were recognised in the sampled hospitals: manager ability and leadership support of staff, adequate and qualified hospital nurses and physicians, building a trusting work environment and good salaries and incentive.

Conclusions
This examination attempted to offer an in-depth comprehending factor that impacts healthcare providers’ quality care. Furthermore, it contributes to healthcare theory and practice by developing a conceptual framework that offers policymakers and managers a practical understanding of factors that influence healthcare providers’ quality care.
Transversus abdominis release for complex incisional hernias—a case report
Authors: Basukala Sunil , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Thapa Narayan , Rayamajhi Bikash Bahadur , Mishra Raveesh , Mandal Pankaj 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Complex ventral hernia repair has been a challenging task of difficulty in primary closure of the defects. Transversus abdominis muscle release (TAR) procedure, as a type of posterior component separation, is a new myofascial release technique in complex ventral hernia repair. TAR creates immense retro muscular plane and allows bilaminar ingrowth of the mesh, allowing primary closure of defect. Owing to its favorable outcome, suitability of TAR technique in treatment of complex ventral hernia could be explored further where closure of the primary defect is difficult.
Analysis of fictional characters in the context of artificial intelligence and big data: taking A Dream of Red Mansions for example
Authors: Yuan Ying 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article uses artificial intelligence and big data to process the dialogs of the characters in A Dream of Red Mansions through Chinese psychoanalysis system, and obtains the prediction scores of the characters’ big-five personality. Then, the validity of this method is determined by examining the verification of the prediction scores by literature and fiction. Through the ecological identification and analysis of the personality characteristics in A Dream of Red Mansions, we find that Bao-Yu Jia in the novel has obvious openness, agreeableness, and extroversion; Dai-Yu Lin has very low extroversion, strong emotionality, and agreeableness; and Bao-Chai Xue has strong extroversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The above prediction results are supported by relevant research literature and the novel itself. This shows that in the context of artificial intelligence and big data, the prediction of fictional characters’ personalities through literary intelligence analysis is helpful for us to understand the humanistic spirit or social idea behind literary works in a deeper and objective way. This research method is a beneficial supplement to the traditional literature and art research.