bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependent optimal power flow using chaotic whale optimization algorithm
Authors: Prasad Dharmbir , Mukherjee Aparajita , Mukherjee Vivekananda 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work presents a novel, nature inspired evolutionary based approach, the chaotic whale optimization algorithm, to solve a temperature dependent optimal power flow problem of a power system. Whale optimization is inspired by the bubble‐net hunting strategy of the humpback whales; logistic chaotic maps are used to improve its performance. Whale optimization and our proposal are evaluated on three test systems namely, the IEEE 30‐bus test power system, the 2383‐bus Winter Peak Polish system and the 2736‐bus Summer Peak Polish system to give a solution to the temperature dependant optimal power flow of the power systems where control of generator bus voltages, transformer tap ratios and reactive power sources are involved. Minimization of total fuel cost is considered here as the objective function for this problem. The superiority and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm technique have been exhibited in comparison to the other evolutionary optimization techniques identified in the recent literature.
A bioturbator, a holobiont, and a vector: The multifaceted role of Chironomus plumosus in shaping N‐cycling
Authors: Politi Tobia , Barisevičiūte Rūta , Bartoli Marco , Bonaglia Stefano , Cardini Ulisse , Castaldelli Giuseppe , Kančauskaitė Akvilė , Marzocchi Ugo , Petkuviene Jolita , Samuiloviene Aurelija , Vybernaite‐Lubiene Irma , Zaiko Anastasija , Zilius Mindaugas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Tube‐dwelling chironomid larvae are among the few taxa that can withstand and thrive in the organic‐rich sediments typical of eutrophic freshwater ecosystems. They can have multiple effects on microbial nitrogen (N) cycling in burrow environments, but such effects cease when chironomid larvae undergo metamorphosis into flying adults and leave the sediment.

Here we investigated the ecological role of Chironomus plumosus by exploring the effect of its different life stages (as larva and adult midge) on microbial N transformations in a shallow freshwater lagoon by means of combined biogeochemical and molecular approaches. Results suggest that sediment bioturbation by chironomid larvae produce contrasting effects on nitrate ()‐reduction processes.

Denitrification was the dominant pathway of reduction (>90%), primarily fuelled by from bottom water. In addition to pumping ‐rich bottom water within the burrows, chironomid larvae host microbiota capable of reduction. However, the contribution of larval microbiota is lower than that of microbes inhabiting the burrow walls. Interestingly, dinitrogen fixation co‐occurred with reduction processes, indicating versatility of the larvae's microbial community.

Assuming all larvae (averaging 1,800 ind./m2) leave the sediment following metamorphosis into flying adults, we estimated a displacement of 47,787 µmol of organic N/m2 from the sediment to the atmosphere during adult emergence. This amount of particulate organic N is similar to the entire N removal stimulated by larvae denitrification over a period of 20 days.

Finally, the detection of N‐cycling marker genes in flying adults suggests that these insects retain N‐cycling microbes during metamorphosis and migration to the aerial and terrestrial ecosystems. This study provides evidence that chironomids have a multifaceted role in shaping the N cycle of aquatic ecosystems.
Kidney tubule health scores and their associations with incident CKD in women living with HIV
Authors: Ascher SB , Scherzer R , Estrella MM , Muiru AN , Jotwani VK , Grunfeld C , Shigenaga J , Spaulding KA , Ng DK , Gustafson D , Spence AB , Sharma A , Cohen MH , Parikh CR , Ix JH , Shlipak MG 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesIndividual kidney tubule biomarkers are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk in people living with HIV (PLWH). Whether a combination of kidney biomarkers can be integrated into informative summary scores for PLWH is unknown.MethodsWe measured eight urine biomarkers of kidney tubule health at two visits over a 3‐year period in 647 women living with HIV in the Women's Interagency Health Study. We integrated biomarkers into factor scores using exploratory factor analysis. We evaluated associations between CKD risk factors and factor scores, and used generalized estimating equations to determine associations between factor scores and risk of incident CKD.ResultsFactor analysis identified two unique factor scores: a tubule reabsorption score comprising alpha‐1‐microglobulin, beta‐2‐microglobulin and trefoil factor‐3; and a tubule injury score comprising interleukin‐18 and kidney injury molecule‐1. We modelled the two factor scores in combination with urine epidermal growth factor (EGF) and urine albumin. Predominantly HIV‐related CKD risk factors were independently associated with worsening tubule reabsorption scores and tubule injury scores. During a median follow‐up of 7 years, 9.7% (63/647) developed CKD. In multivariable time‐updated models that adjusted for other factor scores and biomarkers simultaneously, higher tubule reabsorption scores [risk ratio (RR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.59 per 1 SD higher time‐updated score], higher tubule injury scores (RR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.05–1.76), lower urine EGF (RR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.64–0.87), and higher urine albumin (RR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02–1.40) were jointly associated with risk of incident CKD.ConclusionsWe identified two novel and distinct dimensions of kidney tubule health that appear to quantify informative metrics of CKD risk in PLWH.
Microscale grooves regulate maturation development of hPSC‐CMs by the transient receptor potential channels (TRP channels)
Authors: Liu Taoyan , Zhang Siyao , Huang Chenwu , Ma Shuhong , Bai Rui , Li Yanan , Chang Yun , Hang Chenwen , Saleem Amina , Dong Tao , Guo Tianwei , Jiang Youxu , Lu Wenjing , Zhang Lina , Jianwen Luo , Jiang Hongfeng , Lan Feng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe use of human pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC‐CMs) is limited in drug discovery and cardiac disease mechanism studies due to cell immaturity. Micro‐scaled grooves can promote the maturation of cardiomyocytes by aligning them in order, but the mechanism of cardiomyocytes alignment has not been studied. From the level of calcium activity, gene expression and cell morphology, we verified that the W20H5 grooves can effectively promote the maturation of cardiomyocytes. The transient receptor potential channels (TRP channels) also play an important role in the maturation and development of cardiomyocytes. These findings support the engineered hPSC‐CMs as a powerful model to study cardiac disease mechanism and partly mimic the myocardial morphological development. The important role of the TRP channels in the maturation and development of myocardium is first revealed.
Outside‐in Politicization of EU–Western Africa Relations: What Role for Civil Society Organizations?
Authors: Plank Friedrich , Keijzer Niels , Niemann Arne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article explores the empirical relevance of researching outside‐in politicization processes in European studies. To this end, it examines to what extent and how civil society organizations (CSOs) have contributed to the politicization of EU policies towards Western Africa in two cases: the negotiation of Economic Partnership Agreements and the EU's engagement with the G5 Sahel. CSOs were strongly engaged in the trade negotiations, while they were largely excluded from the G5 Sahel process. In both cases this was due to CSOs' own initiatives, or the absence thereof, with these strongly linked to being either invited or discouraged by official actors. The article argues that authority transfer and the domestic context – including state fragility and state–society relations – are relevant to explaining the (non‐)involvement of CSOs in outside‐in politicization.
Impact of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbidity on longitudinal course in Internet gaming disorder: a 3‐year clinical cohort study
Authors: Lee Jung , Bae Sujin , Kim Bung Nyun , Han Doug Hyun 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundAlthough attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms were identified as a key risk factor for Internet gaming disorder (IGD), the effect of ADHD comorbidity on longitudinal course of IGD in the clinical population remains to be further examined. This study aimed to investigate whether ADHD comorbidity in IGD patients affects the recovery, recurrence rates, and trajectories of IGD symptoms, and examine the relationship between the changes in IGD and ADHD symptoms.MethodsThe study included 128 IGD patients without any psychiatric comorbidities (pure‐IGD group) and 127 IGD patients with comorbid ADHD (ADHD‐IGD group) aged 11 to 42 years. IGD and ADHD were diagnosed according to DSM‐5 criteria at enrollment. Participants were offered 8‐week treatment with additional care provided as needed and followed up over a 3‐year period. IGD diagnosis was reassessed annually and used as a dichotomous outcome. The severity of IGD and ADHD symptoms was measured using the Young Internet Addiction Scale and the Korean ADHD rating scale, respectively, at baseline and each annual follow‐up.ResultsThe recovery rates of IGD by Year 3 were 60% and 93% in ADHD‐IGD and in pure‐IGD groups, respectively. The ADHD‐IGD group showed lower rates of recovery, higher odds of recurrence within 1 year, and higher severity of IGD symptoms over time than the pure‐IGD group. Family environment was also associated with the trajectories of IGD symptoms. The changes in ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with the changes in IGD symptoms.ConclusionsThis study found that ADHD comorbidity in IGD patients was associated with poor clinical course of IGD and that the changes in ADHD symptoms were associated with the changes in IGD symptoms over time. Our findings suggest that evaluation and treatment of ADHD symptoms and family environment in IGD patients may be important in improving the prognosis of IGD.
Infringing use as a path to legal consumption: Evidence from a field experiment
Authors: Luo Hong , Mortimer Julie Holland 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDigitization has transformed how users find and use copyrighted goods, but many existing legal options remain difficult to access, possibly leading to infringement. In a field experiment, we contact firms that are caught infringing on expensive digital images. E‐mails to all firms include a link to the licensing page of the infringed image; for treated firms, we add links to a significantly cheaper licensing option. Making infringers aware of the cheaper option leads to a 14‐fold increase in the ex‐post licensing rate, albeit from an extremely low baseline for the control firms. Two additional experimental interventions, designed to reduce search costs for (i) price and (ii) product information, also have large positive effects. Our results suggest that ex‐post monetization (e.g., licensing after use) may expand the market, and that rights holders can create value by minimizing search and transactions costs.
Characterization of TCR+ and CD8+ head kidney leucocytes in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) with antisera against TCRα and CD8α
Authors: Qiu Reng , Sun Yuan Y. , Guan Cui C. , Kan Yun C. , Yao Lun G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractT lymphocytes play an important role in cellular and adaptive immunity in vertebrates. The mechanisms of the fish immune system are little studied because of the lack of population‐specific antibodies. This study examined the expression of two T lymphocyte markers, TCRα (PoTCRα) and CD8α (PoCD8α) in the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The expression of PoTCRα and PoCD8α was mainly detected in immune/mucosal tissues. Recombinant PoTCRα and PoCD8α were expressed in pET32a and pET259, respectively. Then, rabbit anti‐PoTCRα serum and rat anti‐PoCD8α serum were prepared. Using serum, the characteristics of TCR+ and CD8+ head kidney leucocytes (HKLs) were investigated. The results of laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) demonstrated that TCRα and CD8α were transmembrane proteins localized on the cell surface. The populations of CD8α−, CD8α+, TCRα−, and TCRα+ were sorted by flow cytometry (FCM) and analysed using qRT‐PCR. The results demonstrated that all TCRα+/TCRα− or CD8α+/CD8α− HKLs expressed IFN‐γ. The CD4‐1 and IgM transcripts were detected only in TCRα− and CD8α− cells. Furthermore, HKL mitogenesis was induced with concanavalin A (ConA) stimulation. Taken together, the results from LSCM and FCM analyses showed that mammalian and P. olivaceus TCR+ and CD8+ leucocytes share basic characteristics.
Clarithromycin versus furazolidone for naïve Helicobacter pylori infected patients in a high clarithromycin resistance area
Authors: Qiao Chen , Li Yueyue , Liu Jing , Ji Chaoran , Qu Junyan , Hu Junnan , Ji Rui , Wan Meng , Lin Boshen , Lin Minjuan , Qi Qingqing , Zuo Xiuli , Li Yanqing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThe increase in antibiotic resistance makes the eradication of Helicobacter pylori more difficult. Considering the limitations of the application of susceptibility‐guided therapy, it is important to find an effective empirical regimen. The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy, safety, and cost‐effectiveness of clarithromycin‐based bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy (C‐BQT) and furazolidone‐based bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy (F‐BQT) in naïve H. pylori positive patients.MethodsThis was an open‐label, randomized controlled, crossover trial. The trial comprised two phases. In C‐F group, patients received C‐BQT in the first phase; those who were still positive for H. pylori infection after the first phase entered the second phase to receive F‐BQT as rescue treatment. In F‐C group, patients were treated with F‐BQT firstly and rescued with C‐BQT.ResultsAs first‐line treatments, the eradication rates of C‐BQT and F‐BQT were 89.7% (157/175) and 92.0% (161/175) (P = 0.458) in intention‐to‐treat analysis and 93.4% (156/167) and 95.8% (161/168) (P = 0.327) in per‐protocol analysis, respectively. The cumulative eradication rates of the C‐F group and the F‐C group were both 94.3% in intention‐to‐treat analysis (P = 1.000). Cost‐effectiveness indexes of F‐BQT and C‐BQT were 0.54 and 1.24 in first‐line treatments. Frequencies of adverse events in F‐BQT and C‐BQT had no differences (36.0% in C‐BQT vs 32.6% in F‐BQT, P = 0.499).ConclusionsFurazolidone‐based bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy should be preferred for its excellent cost‐effectiveness and acceptable safety.
Incidence and risk factors for velamentous umbilical cord insertion in singleton pregnancies after assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Furuya Satoshi , Kubonoya Kiyoshi , Yamaguchi Takashi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimAssisted reproductive technology (ART) is gaining popularity worldwide. However, it is associated with increased incidence of velamentous umbilical cord insertion (VCI) in the placenta, resulting in adverse perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to identify the risk factors that might affect the incidence of VCI in pregnancies after ART treatment.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the records of 906 singleton pregnancies via ART; all women delivered in our facility. Three ART‐related variables and infant sex were examined: (1) fertilization method (conventional in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection), (2) type of embryo at the time of transfer (fresh or frozen–thawed), (3) developmental stage of embryo at the time of transfer (cleavage stage or blastocyst), and (4) infant sex (male or female). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the impact of these variables on the incidence of VCI.ResultsOf 906 cases, 55 had VCI (incidence rate, 6.1%). After adjusting for potential confounders, blastocyst stage of development (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 4.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9–12.7) and female sex (aOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2–3.9) emerged as independent risk factors for the development of VCI. The fertilization method and type of embryo at the time of transfer did not affect the incidence of VCI.ConclusionsBlastocyst stage of development and female sex pose a higher risk for developing VCI. Thus, more attention should be paid to pregnancies achieved by blastocyst and with a female fetus to detect VCI proactively and safeguard the health of both mother and fetus/neonate.
Non‐cancer death causes after ovarian cancer diagnosis: A population‐based cohort
Authors: Elmehrath Ahmed O. , Afifi Ahmed M. , Abdel‐Malek Raafat 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundResearch on non‐cancer death causes in ovarian cancer (OC) patients remains limited. We aim to focus on and evaluate the non‐cancer death causes after OC diagnosis.MethodsWe studied 82 590 OC patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2016, using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Risks of death causes were calculated as standardized mortality ratios.ResultsOf included patients, 48 125 (58.3%) died during the follow‐up period. The highest number of deaths, 21 722 (45.1%), occurred within 1–5 years after OC diagnosis. On the other hand, 19 992 (41.5%) of deaths occurred within a year from ovary cancer diagnosis, 5255 (10.9%) occurred within 5–10 years, and 1156 (2.4%) deaths occurred after more than 10 years following OC diagnosis. Non‐cancer death causes comprise a significant percentage of deaths in OC patients, increasing with time after diagnosis.ConclusionsCardiac diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and COPD were among the most common non‐cancer death causes after OC diagnosis. Other critical non‐cancer death causes include septicemia and benign neoplasms. Mortality risk differences based on race and age were also highlighted. These findings provide critical insights into how OC survivors should be followed‐up and counseled for relevant future health risks.
Concept and types of order position: Privilege and discrimination in an institutional conception
Authors: Farkas Zoltán 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I reinterpret the classic concept of order position, as well as privilege and discrimination in the concept and types of order position. In the first part of the paper, I give a short survey of the classic conception of order position, with special regard to Max Weber's concept of social status or order position. In the second part, I define the concept of order position in my conception. Accordingly, order position is the real institutional position of the given individual (or group) as compared to the institutional position that can be occupied by the given individual (or group) in the general social institutional norm system assumed on the basis of the expressed values, especially the deviation between the two positions as related to the interests of the subject. In the third part, I typify order positions from the aspect of whether the institutional norm system that is valid or realized in reality deviates or does not deviate from the assumed general norm system, and if it does, whether it deviates in a direction corresponding or contrary to the interests of the individuals. In this way, I make a distinction between privileged, normativized and degraded order positions.
Habit and the explanation of action
Authors: Lizardo Omar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I synthesize recent work in the philosophy of action to propose an analytic reconstruction of the concept of habit. My main point is that habit (or habitus) can be a central, not just supplemental or auxiliary concept in action theory and the explanation of action. To show this, I systematically analyze the way habits can be used as a resource to explain action while comparing the way habits explain action with the standard way we explain action as being caused by the interplay of beliefs, desires, and intentions. I point to the specific “historical” way that habits can be seen as causes of action and show that the conceptual commitments of habit‐based explanations are both more substantial and more robust than intention‐based explanations. Once formed, habits act as inclinations and dispositions, being reliably triggered in the requisite context by the appropriate circumstances. Finally, I analyze the core concept of automaticity as applied to habit. I argue that since automaticity is not a unitary concept, different features of automaticity are more central to habit than others, allowing us to differentiate the most representative members of the habit category from more peripheral members.
Fungal endophytes can eliminate the plant growth–defence trade‐off
Authors: Bastías Daniel A. , Gianoli Ernesto , Gundel Pedro E. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryA trade‐off between growth and defence functions is commonly observed in plants. We propose that the association of plants with Epichloë fungal endophytes may eliminate this trade‐off. This would be a consequence of the double role of these endophytes in host plants: the stimulation of plant growth hormones (e.g. gibberellins) and the fungal production of antiherbivore alkaloids. We put forward a model that integrates this dual effect of endophytes on plant growth and defence and test its predictions by means of meta‐analysis of published literature. Our results support the notion that the enhanced plant resistance promoted by endophytes does not compromise plant growth. The limits and ecological benefits of this endophyte‐mediated lack of plant growth–defence trade‐off are discussed.
Effect of Sonic hedgehog on the proliferation in mouse tongue epithelial cells
Authors: Li Ruiqi , Liu Yong , Huang Xiaofeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate Sonic hedgehog (Shh) effects on proliferation and apoptosis of tongue epithelial cells in embryonic and ageing mice.Materials and MethodsEmbryonic day 13.5 (E13.5), E14.5, E16.5 and postnatal day 0.5 (PN0.5) K14‐Cre;Shhfl/fl mice, and E14.5, E16.5, PN0.5, PN90.5 and postnatal 1.5 years (PN1.5Y) wild‐type (Wt) mice were employed. Scanning electron microscopy, haematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemistry were performed. Gel beads containing exogenous Shh protein were embedded in the tongue of PN90.5 and PN1.5Y Wt mice. Three days later, 5‐bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemical and TUNEL staining were performed.ResultsThe number of fungiform papillae was decreased with age. The numbers of BrdU‐ and PCNA‐positive cells were the highest at PN0.5 and the lowest at PN1.5Y. Compared with Wt mice, K14‐Cre;Shhfl/fl mice had decreased PCNA‐positive cells in the epithelium, a smaller tongue volume, and fewer papillae at PN0.5. At E14.5, the number of BrdU‐positive cells was decreased in K14‐Cre;Shh fl/fl mice. At PN1.5Y, the number of apoptotic cells in tongue tissue exposed to Shh protein was less than that in the BSA group and the numbers of BrdU‐ and PCNA‐positive proliferating cells were increased.ConclusionShh maintains cell proliferation and reduces apoptosis during tongue development and ageing.
Meaning Scepticism and Primitive Normativity
Authors: Sultanescu Olivia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I examine Hannah Ginsborg's attempt to address the challenge raised by Saul Kripke's meaning sceptic. I start by identifying the two constraints that the sceptic claims must be met by a satisfactory answer. Then I try to show that Ginsborg's proposal faces a dilemma. In the first instance, I argue that it is able to meet the second constraint, but not the first. I then amend the proposal in order to make room for the first constraint. I go on to argue that, under this new interpretation, it cannot meet the second constraint.