bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrary to Expectations: Does Context Influence the Processing Cost Associated with Negation?
Authors: Albu Elena , Tsaregorodtseva Oksana , Kaup Barbara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNegative sentences are hard to process when they are presented out of context. When embedded in a context of plausible denial their processing difficulty decreases or is completely eliminated. We investigated in six behavioral experiments whether the processing of negation is eased in a denial context triggered by discourse markers (e.g.Contrary to expectations, John has/hasn’t eaten the soup). In order to investigate the necessary conditions for a context of plausible denial to reduce the processing cost of negation, we contrasted the processing of affirmative and negative sentences in minimal and extended denial and non-denial contexts (represented by either no context or a different type of context). We expected significantly longer response times (RTs) for negative sentences in comparison with affirmation in non-denial contexts and similar RTs for affirmative and negative sentences in denial contexts. The results from a sensibility judgement task (Experiment 1 and 2) and from a self-paced reading paradigm (Experiment 3 and 4) showed two robust main effects of context and polarity but no significant interaction between the two factors, suggesting that the processing of negative sentences was not facilitated in a context of minimal denial triggered solely by discourse markers. However, when the discourse markers were replaced with the explicit mention of the expectation to be denied and longer narratives used, the processing difficulty was eliminated specifically in the denial contexts (Experiment 5). Furthermore, when the discourse markers were used in longer narratives, a facilitation effect was also found (Experiment 6). All in all, the present findings suggest that, although negative sentences are felicitous in a context of plausible denial, the interplay of pragmatic factors like relevance or informativity is decisive in easing their processing difficulty.
Spatially Inhomogeneous Populations with Seed-Banks: I. Duality, Existence and Clustering
Authors: den Hollander Frank , Nandan Shubhamoy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe consider a system of interacting Moran models with seed-banks. Individuals live in colonies and are subject to resampling and migration as long as they are active. Each colony has a seed-bank into which individuals can retreat to become dormant, suspending their resampling and migration until they become active again. The colonies are labelled by $${\mathbb {Z}}^d$$

Z

d

, $$d \ge 1$$

d
≥
1

, playing the role of a geographic space. The sizes of the active and the dormant population are finite and depend on the location of the colony. Migration is driven by a random walk transition kernel. Our goal is to study the equilibrium behaviour of the system as a function of the underlying model parameters. In the present paper, under a mild condition on the sizes of the active populations, the system is well defined and has a dual. The dual consists of a system of interacting coalescing random walks in an inhomogeneous environment that switch between an active state and a dormant state. We analyse the dichotomy of coexistence (= multi-type equilibria) versus clustering (= mono-type equilibria) and show that clustering occurs if and only if two random walks in the dual starting from arbitrary states eventually coalesce with probability one. The presence of the seed-bank enhances genetic diversity. In the dual this is reflected by the presence of time lapses during which the random walks are dormant and do not move.
‘Authorizing the Peril’: Mythologies of (Settler) Law at the End of Time
Authors: Shah Sahar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe promised paradises of colonial capitalism and neoliberalism are set in a perpetually elusive future (Fitzpatrick 1992). This future is not a set destination, but an endless linear journey set to the thrum of ‘progress’ and ‘development’. This paper considers, in the context of recent cases relating to development in the Athabasca tar sands region, what the law of the Canadian settler state does when it is faced with interruptions and ruptures in its timescape. Drawing on Fitzpatrick’s seminal work,The Mythology of Modern Law, I argue that a conceptualisation of law’s behaviour in these contexts as functionally mythological highlights some of the elusive ways that settler law maintains a stranglehold over legal imaginaries of oil and gas developments: by distorting and flattening the pasts and presents of Indigenous societies that pre-dated (and continue to co-exist with) the settler state on ‘Canadian’ land, by mediating between the ‘origin’ of the settler state and the daily rhythms of colonial time through ‘Eternal Objects’ such as property and economic development, and by asserting a general ‘objectivity’ of law to evade any direct grappling with the stark possibilities of the ‘end of the world’ created by the climate crisis. I conclude, drawing on Indigenous scholarship and the work of de Goede and Randalls, that a meaningful response to the climate crisis requires re-enchanted attachments to life that necessitate a departure from the one-dimensional temporality of the mythologies of settler law.
Taking the principle of the primacy of the human being seriously
Authors: Różyńska Joanna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper targets an orphan topic in research ethics, namely the so called principle of the primacy of the human being, which states that the interests of the human subject should always take precedence over the interests of science and society. Although the principle occupies the central position in the majority of international ethical and legal standards for biomedical research, it has been commented in the literature mainly in passing. With a few notable exceptions, there is little in-depth discussion about the meaning and role of the principle. Several authors note that the principle is vogue, ambiguous and apparently conflicting with the accepted practice of conducting non-beneficial research on individuals unable to give consent. There are opinions that it is just “a vacuous figure of speech” and should be abandoned. This paper argues that the primacy principle is far from being “a vacuous figure of speech”, rather it should be seen as a threefold concept: a fundamental interpretative rule, a procedural rule, and a substantive rule aimed at protecting research subjects from instrumental treatment and unacceptable risks. This interpretation tracks back to the principle regulatory and normative origins in the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975, but also acknowledges changes in research ethics and practice, which took place at the turn on the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Thus, the proposed reading of the principle is not only original, but also historically grounded and normatively fruitful. It provides a fresh and ethically rich perspective on extensively debated, but still controversial problem of an upper limit of permissible risks in non-beneficial studies.
Handwriting fluency and the quality of primary grade students’ writing
Authors: Skar Gustaf B. , Lei Pui-Wa , Graham Steve , Aasen Arne Johannes , Johansen Marita Byberg , Kvistad Anne Holten 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUntil children can produce letters quickly and accurately, it is assumed that handwriting disrupts and limits the quality of their text. This investigation is the largest study to date (2596 girls, 2354 boys) assessing the association between handwriting fluency and writing quality. We tested whether handwriting fluency made a statistically unique contribution to predicting primary grade students’ writing quality on a functional writing task, after variance due to attitude towards writing, students’ language background (L1, L2, bilingual), gender, grade, and nesting due to class and school were first controlled. Handwriting fluency accounted for a statistically significant 7.4% of the variance in the writing quality of primary grade students. In addition, attitude towards writing, language background, grade and gender each uniquely predicted writing quality. Finally, handwriting fluency increased from one grade to the next, girls had faster handwriting than boys, and gender differences increased across grades. An identical pattern of results were observed for writing quality. Directions for future research and writing practices are discussed.
The Relativistic Electron-Proton Telescope (REPT) Investigation: Design, Operational Properties, and Science Highlights
Authors: Baker Daniel N. , Kanekal Shrikanth G. , Hoxie Vaughn , Li Xinlin , Jaynes Allison N. , Zhao Hong , Elkington Scot R. , Foster John C. , Selesnick Richard , Ni Binbin , Spence Harlan , Filwett Rachel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Relativistic Electron-Proton Telescope (REPT) instruments were designed to measure ∼2 to >18 MeV electrons and ∼18 to > 115 MeV protons as part of the science payloads onboard the dual Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) spacecraft. The REPT instruments were turned on and configured in their science acquisition modes about 2 days after the RBSP launch on 30 August 2012. The REPT-A and REPT-B instruments both operated flawlessly until mission cessation in 2019. This paper reviews briefly the REPT instrument designs, their operational performance, relevant mode changes and trending over the course of the mission, as well as pertinent background effects (and recommended corrections). A substantial part of this paper highlights discoveries and significant advancement of our understanding of physical-processes obtained using REPT data. We do this for energetic electrons primarily in the outer Van Allen belt and for energetic protons in the inner Van Allen zone. The review also describes several ways in which REPT data were employed for important space weather applications. The paper concludes with assessments of ways that REPT data might further be exploited to continue to advance radiation belt studies. The paper also discusses the pressing and critical need for the operational continuation of REPT-like measurements both for science and for space situational awareness.
Lack of efficacy of a partial adenosine A1 receptor agonist in neuropathic pain models in mice
Authors: Metzner Katharina , Gross Tilman , Balzulat Annika , Wack Gesine , Lu Ruirui , Schmidtko Achim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) modulate the processing of pain. The aim of this study was to characterize the distribution of A1R in nociceptive tissues and to evaluate whether targeting A1R with the partial agonist capadenoson may reduce neuropathic pain in mice. The cellular distribution of A1R in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the spinal cord was analyzed using fluorescent in situ hybridization. In behavioral experiments, neuropathic pain was induced by spared nerve injury or intraperitoneal injection of paclitaxel, and tactile hypersensitivities were determined using a dynamic plantar aesthesiometer. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed to assess electrophysiological properties of dissociated DRG neurons. We found A1R to be expressed in populations of DRG neurons and dorsal horn neurons involved in the processing of pain. However, administration of capadenoson at established in vivo doses (0.03–1.0 mg/kg) did not alter mechanical hypersensitivity in the spared nerve injury and paclitaxel models of neuropathic pain, whereas the standard analgesic pregabalin significantly inhibited the pain behavior. Moreover, capadenoson failed to affect potassium currents in DRG neurons, in contrast to a full A1R agonist. Despite expression of A1R in nociceptive neurons, our data do not support the hypothesis that pharmacological intervention with partial A1R agonists might be a valuable approach for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Deciding EA-equivalence via invariants
Authors: Kaleyski Nikolay 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe define a family of efficiently computable invariants for (n,m)-functions under EA-equivalence, and observe that, unlike the known invariants such as the differential spectrum, algebraic degree, and extended Walsh spectrum, in the case of quadratic APN functions over $\mathbb {F}_{2^n}$

F

2

n

with n even, these invariants take on many different values for functions belonging to distinct equivalence classes. We show how the values of these invariants can be used constructively to implement a test for EA-equivalence of functions from $\mathbb {F}_{2}^{n}$

F

2

n

to $\mathbb {F}_{2}^{m}$

F

2

m

; to the best of our knowledge, this is the first algorithm for deciding EA-equivalence without resorting to testing the equivalence of associated linear codes.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Pass through the Filtration Barrier and Protect Podocytes in a 3D Glomerular Model under Continuous Perfusion
Authors: Bellucci Linda , Montini Giovanni , Collino Federica , Bussolati Benedetta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground:Dynamic cultures, characterized by continuous fluid reperfusion, elicit physiological responses from cultured cells. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) has been proposed as a novel approach in treating several renal diseases, including acute glomerular damage, by using traditional two-dimensional cell cultures andin vivomodels. We here aimed to use a fluidic three-dimensional (3D) glomerular model to study the EV dynamics within the glomerular structure under perfusion.Methods:To this end, we set up a 3D glomerular model culturing human glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes inside a bioreactor on the opposite sides of a porous membrane coated with type IV collagen. The bioreactor was connected to a circuit that allowed fluid passage at the rate of 80 µl/min. To mimic glomerular damage, the system was subjected to doxorubicin administration in the presence of therapeutic MSC-EVs.Results:The integrity of the glomerular basal membrane in the 3D glomerulus was assessed by a permeability assay, demonstrating that the co-culture could limit the passage of albumin through the filtration barrier. In dynamic conditions, serum EVs engineered with cel-miR-39 passed through the glomerular barrier and transferred the exogenous microRNA to podocyte cell lines. Doxorubicin treatment increased podocyte apoptosis, whereas MSC-EV within the endothelial circuit protected podocytes from damage, decreasing cell death and albumin permeability.Conclusion:Using an innovative millifluidic model, able to mimic the human glomerular barrier, we were able to trace the EV passage and therapeutic effect in dynamic conditions.
Numerical study of 1D and 2D advection-diffusion-reaction equations using Lucas and Fibonacci polynomials
Authors: Ali Ihteram , Haq Sirajul , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Arifeen Shams Ul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, a numerical scheme based on combined Lucas and Fibonacci polynomials is proposed for one- and two-dimensional nonlinear advection–diffusion–reaction equations. Initially, the given partial differential equation (PDE) reduces to discrete form using finite difference method and$$\theta -$$θ-weighted scheme. Thereafter, the unknown functions have been approximated by Lucas polynomial while their derivatives by Fibonacci polynomials. With the help of these approximations, the nonlinear PDE transforms into a system of algebraic equations which can be solved easily. Convergence of the method has been investigated theoretically as well as numerically. Performance of the proposed method has been verified with the help of some test problems. Efficiency of the technique is examined in terms of root mean square (RMS),$$L_2$$L2and$$L_\infty $$L∞error norms. The obtained results are then compared with those available in the literature.
Automated Data-Driven Generation of Personalized Pedagogical Interventions in Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Authors: Kochmar Ekaterina , Vu Dung Do , Belfer Robert , Gupta Varun , Serban Iulian Vlad , Pineau Joelle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntelligent tutoring systems (ITS) have been shown to be highly effective at promoting learning as compared to other computer-based instructional approaches. However, many ITS rely heavily on expert design and hand-crafted rules. This makes them difficult to build and transfer across domains and limits their potential efficacy. In this paper, we investigate how feedback in a large-scale ITS can be automatically generated in a data-driven way, and more specifically how personalization of feedback can lead to improvements in student performance outcomes. First, in this paper we propose a machine learning approach to generate personalized feedback in an automated way, which takes individual needs of students into account, while alleviating the need of expert intervention and design of hand-crafted rules. We leverage state-of-the-art machine learning and natural language processing techniques to provide students with personalized feedback using hints and Wikipedia-based explanations. Second, we demonstrate that personalized feedback leads to improved success rates at solving exercises in practice: our personalized feedback model is used in , a large-scale dialogue-based ITS with around 20,000 students launched in 2019. We present the results of experiments with students and show that the automated, data-driven, personalized feedback leads to a significant overall improvement of 22.95% in student performance outcomes and substantial improvements in the subjective evaluation of the feedback.
Metabolic syndrome is not associated to an increased risk of low bone mineral density in men at risk for osteoporosis
Authors: Rendina D. , D’Elia L. , De Filippo G. , Abate V. , Evangelista M. , Giaquinto A. , Barone B. , Piccinocchi G. , Prezioso D. , Strazzullo P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We have recently demonstrated a significant association between osteoporosis (Op) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Caucasian women examined by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for suspected Op. This cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the association between MetS and Op in Caucasian men enrolled in the same geographical area, with identical criteria and in the same time range.

Methods
Among subjects enrolled in the SIMON study, we selected the medical records of all free-living men who performed a contextual evaluation of both bone mineral density (BMD) by DXA and MetS constitutive elements (arterial blood pressure, waist circumference, serum levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting glucose). All enrolled subjects refer to “COMEGEN” general practitioners’ cooperative operating in Naples, Southern Italy.

Results
Overall, the medical records of 880 men were examined. No significant association between MetS and Op was observed. Among MetS constitutive elements, waist circumference was inversely related to Op risk.

Conclusion
In Caucasian men examined by DXA for suspected Op, no significant association was observed between Op and MetS. The study results contrast to those observed in women enrolled in the same geographical area, with identical criteria and in the same time range and may be related to sexual dimorphism occurring in clinical expressiveness of both MetS and Op.
Exploring the Utility and Personal Relevance of Co-Produced Multiplicity Resources with Young People
Authors: Parry Sarah , Eve Zarah , Myers Gemma 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultiplicity, the experience of more than one self in the body, is an under-researched area of young people’s mental health. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of experts-by-experience within a community sample regarding two specific resources: a co-produced self-help guide about multiplicity for adolescents, and a set of guidelines for supporting someone who identifies as ‘multiple’. 34 participants (Mage= 22.06, 2.26 SD; 15F, 1M, 18NBG) completed an online survey consisting of open-ended and Likert scale questions to assess the language, utility, transferability and therapeutic impact of the materials. Descriptive statistics and a Foucauldian-informed Narrative Analysis were employed to analyse responses, producing a summary of utility and two narrative chapters. The emergent chapters, ‘Breaking the Stigma’ and ‘Recognising the Many’, highlight the need for greater understanding and awareness of multiplicity, with psychoeducation materials viewed as helpful. Inclusive language can reduce stigma and normalise multiplicity as a response to trauma. With greater understanding, practitioners and researchers can collaborate with young people through trauma wise care, providing multiplicity sensitive language and support. Overall, the term ‘parts’ was viewed as problematic by the participants as it could imply the plural system is not coexisting as a whole. Additionally, opinions varied as to how much diagnostic language could and should be used to describe multiplicity; linguistically and conceptually. Importantly, compassion was seen as particularly essential for younger selves within the system; older in their years and presence, but often more vulnerable within the societies in which the system resides.
Complement of max product of intuitionistic fuzzy graphs
Authors: Mohamed S. Yahya , Ali A. Mohamed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the complement of max product of two intuitionistic fuzzy graphs is defined. The degree of a vertex in the complement of max product of intuitionistic fuzzy graph is studied. Some results on complement of max product of two regular intuitionistic fuzzy graphs are stated and proved. Finally, we provide an application of intuitionistic fuzzy graphs in school determination using normalized Hamming distance.
Big data-driven public transportation network: a simulation approach
Authors: Wang Zhaohua , Li Xuewei , Zhu Xin , Li Jing , Wang Fan , Wang Fei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith the maturity of big data technology, analyzing residents’ travel habits and tracks has become an important research direction in the field of intelligent transportation study. In this paper, based on the subway and bus ride data, a subway-bus double-layer network model was established using complex network theory, taking the optimal traffic efficiency as the goal, the structure of intelligent bus network optimization method is proposed, and an empirical study is conducted on the Beijing bus network. In the empirical study, by adding or deleting bus station in the network, obtain an efficient network structure, the goal of optimal operation efficiency of the bus network was realized, and the theoretical and practical research on solving the problem of transportation line network planning with big data of traffic travel was enriched.
Monkey’s Social Roles Predict Their Affective Reactivity
Authors: Bliss-Moreau Eliza , Santistevan Anthony C. , Beisner Brianne , Moadab Gilda , Vandeleest Jessica , McCowan Brenda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAccumulating evidence demonstrates that the number of social connections an individual has predicts health and wellbeing outcomes in people and nonhuman animals. In this report, we investigate the relationship between features of an individuals’ role within his social network and affective reactivity to ostensibly threatening stimuli, using a highly translatable animal model — rhesus monkeys. Features of the social network were quantified via observations of one large (0.5 acre) cage that included 83 adult monkeys. The affective reactivity profiles of twenty adult male monkeys were subsequently evaluated in two classic laboratory-based tasks of negative affective reactivity (human intruder and object responsiveness). Rhesus monkeys who had greater social status, characterized by age, higher rank, more close social partners, and who themselves have more close social partners, and who played a more central social role in their affiliative network were less reactive on both tasks. While links between social roles and social status and psychological processes have been demonstrated, these data provide new insights about the link between social status and affective processes in a tractable animal model of human health and disease.