bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide identification and characterization of circular RNA m6A modification in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ye Ying , Feng Weiyi , Zhang Jialiang , Zhu Kaiyu , Huang Xudong , Pan Ling , Su Jiachun , Zheng Yanfen , Li Rui , Deng Shuang , Bai Ruihong , Zhuang Lisha , Wei Lusheng , Deng Junge , Li Mei , Chen Rufu , Lin Dongxin , Zuo Zhixiang , Zheng Jian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant modification of RNA in eukaryotic cells and play critical roles in cancer. While most related studies focus on m6A modifications in linear RNA, transcriptome-wide profiling and exploration of m6A modification in circular RNAs in cancer is still lacking.

Methods
For the detection of m6A modification in circRNAs, we developed a new bioinformatics tools called Circm6A and applied it to the m6A-seq data of 77 tissue samples from 58 individuals with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Results
Circm6A performs better than the existing circRNA identification tools, which achieved highest F1 score among these tools in the detection of circRNAs with m6A modifications. By using Circm6A, we identified a total of 8807 m6A-circRNAs from our m6A-seq data. The m6A-circRNAs tend to be hypermethylated in PDAC tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. The hypermethylated m6A-circRNAs were associated with a significant gain of circRNA-mRNA coexpression network, leading to the dysregulation of many important cancer-related pathways. Moreover, we found the cues that hypermethylated m6A-circRNAs may promote the circularization and translation of circRNAs.

Conclusions
These comprehensive findings further bridged the knowledge gaps between m6A modification and circRNAs fields by depicting the m6A-circRNAs genomic landscape of PDAC patients and revealed the emerging roles played by m6A-circRNAs in pancreatic cancer. Circm6A is available at https://github.com/canceromics/circm6a.
How do overweight people dropout of a weight loss diet? A qualitative study
Authors: Bazrafkan Leila , Choobineh Mohammad Amin , Shojaei Mehrnaz , Bozorgi Alireza , Sharifi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The growing trend of overweight and obesity in many developed and developing countries in recent years has made obesity one of the most significant health problems in the world. The treatment of overweight and obese people is challenging, as patients have difficulty adhering to a weight-loss diet. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the reasons for the dropout of weight-loss diets.

Methods
This qualitative study using content analysis was conducted in a comprehensive health center in Shiraz, southern Iran, between April and October 2020. The study was performed on 27 participants with a history of obesity and diet dropout selected via purposive and theoretical sampling. The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and were thematically analyzed.

Results
The participants included 25 females (92.6%) and two males (7.4%) with a mean age of 33.4 ± 8.4 years. Data analysis resulted in the emergence of three themes and 14 sub-themes. The first theme was personal reasons for diet dropout, which included six sub-themes; i.e., misunderstanding of diet, not having enough motivation, stress and hormonal disorder, having the feel of “being harmful to health”, lack of mental and psychological preparation, and personal taste. The second theme was familial and social reasons for diet dropout, including two sub-themes, i.e., social and familial problems. Finally, the third theme was the reasons related to diet characteristics, including six sub-themes: ineffectiveness of diet, expensiveness of diet food and dietary supplements, family problems, unavailability of food, unscientific and unconventional diets feeling bad about the diet, and unpalatable diet food. All the concepts were related to each other and resulted in a pattern revealing the experiences of overweight people and who had dropped out of weight-loss diets.

Conclusion
The reasons for diet dropout were divided into three levels: personal reasons, familial and social reasons, and diet characteristics. Overall, clinicians should pay attention to the complexity of diets to increase the success rate of weight management. Based on the current study findings, a guideline is recommended to guide patients who dropout of weight-loss diets.
A Case–Control Study of Tackle-Based Head Injury Assessment (HIA) Risk Factors in the National Rugby League
Authors: Gardner Andrew J. , Iverson Grant L. , Edwards Suzi , Tucker Ross 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The tackle is the in-game activity carrying the greatest risk for concussion in rugby. A recent evaluation of tackle characteristics in rugby union precipitated a rule modification to reduce head impact risk during tackles. This study aims to replicate the work conducted in rugby union by examining the association between tackle characteristics and head injury events in professional rugby league.

Methods
There were 446 tackles resulting in a head injury assessment (HIA) and 5,694 tackles that did not result in a head injury from two National Rugby League (NRL) seasons that were reviewed and coded. Tackle height, body position of players, and contact area on an opponent’s body were evaluated, with the propensity of each situation to cause an HIA calculated as HIAs per 1000 events.

Results
The propensity for tacklers to sustain a head injury was 0.99 HIAs per 1000 tackles, 1.74-fold greater than for the ball carrier (0.57 HIAs per 1000 tackles). There was a 3.2-fold higher risk for an HIA when the tackler was upright compared to bent-at-the-waist. The greatest risk of a tackler HIA occurred when head contact was very low (knee, boot) or high (head and elbow). HIAs were most common following head-to-head impacts. The lowest propensity for tackler HIA was found when the tackler’s head was in proximity with the ball carrier’s torso.

Conclusions
The result of this study replicated the findings in professional rugby union. This has implications for the injury prevention initiatives implemented to reduce HIA risk because the majority of injuries are sustained by the tackler.
Hospital admissions for stress-related presentations among school-aged adolescents during term time versus holidays in England: weekly time series and retrospective cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Blackburn Ruth , Ajetunmobi Omotomilola , Mc Grath-Lone Louise , Hardelid Pia , Shafran Roz , Gilbert Ruth , Wijlaars Linda 
Published: November 2021

Background
Schools are a potential stressor for adolescents and may contribute to emergency hospital admissions.

Aims
We describe rates of stress-related presentations (SRPs) among school-aged adolescents (11–17 years) during school terms and holidays, and explore differences by age and gender.

Method
Using national administrative hospital data, we defined an SRP as an emergency hospital admission with a primary diagnosis related to pain, psychosomatic symptoms (e.g. fatigue) or mental health problems, or with self-harm indicated in any diagnostic position. We estimated incidence rate ratios for weekly SRPs in term time versus holidays from 2014–2015 to 2017–2018, using negative binomial regression models, stratified by age and gender. We estimated the cumulative incidence of any SRP between 11 and 17 years by analysing prior hospital admission histories of adolescents with an SRP in 2017–2018.

Results
Over the 4-year study period, 305 491 SRPs in 171 013 school-aged adolescents accounted for 31% of emergency admissions for this group. SRPs were predominantly for mental health problems or self-harm (38%), or pain (35%). Weekly admission rates for SRPs were higher in term time than holidays for all ages (age-specific incidence rate ratios were 1.15–1.49 for girls and 1.08–1.60 for boys). Rates were highest for girls aged 14 and 15 years. The estimated cumulative incidence of any SRP between 11 and 17 years was 7.9% for girls and 4.1% for boys.

Conclusions
Hospital admissions for SRPs are common among adolescents, affecting around two girls and one boy in every classroom. Higher rates in term time than holidays suggest that school factors may contribute.
Quantification of Compatibility Between Polymeric Excipients and Atenolol Using Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis
Authors: Rojek Barbara , Gazda Maria , Wesolowski Marek 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An important challenge to overcome in the solid dosage forms technology is the selection of the most biopharmaceutically efficient polymeric excipients. The excipients can be selected, among others, by compatibility studies since incompatibilities between ingredients of the drug formulations adversely affect their bioavailability, stability, efficacy, and safety. Therefore, new, fast, and reliable methods for detecting incompatibility are constantly being sought. Hence, the purpose of this work was to assess the usefulness of a heating, cooling, and reheating differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) program for detecting potential incompatibilities between atenolol, an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), and polymeric excipients. Hot-stage microscopy (HSM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) were used as supporting techniques. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) served as tools to support the interpretation of the data acquired from the DSC curves and FTIR spectra. As the alterations in the shape of the DSC peak of atenolol which are indicative of incompatibility are visible only on the cooling and reheating curves of the mixtures, the DSC heating–cooling–reheating program was found to be very useful for identifying potential incompatibilities in the binary mixtures of atenolol and polymeric excipients. The melting and recrystallization of atenolol alone and in its mixtures were also confirmed by HSM, while FTIR displayed changes in the spectra of mixtures due to incompatibility. These studies revealed that atenolol is incompatible with hydroxyethylcellulose, hypromellose, and methylcellulose. PXRD measurements at room temperature revealed that the crystallinity of atenolol did not change in these mixtures. However, its crystallinity was reduced in the mixtures previously heated up to 155 °C and then cooled to 25 °C.
Graphical abstract
Spontaneous emission mediated by graphene/hexagonal boron nitride/graphene sandwich structure
Authors: Mu Hong-Qian , Zhou Ying , Wang Tong-Biao , Zhang De-Jian , Liu Wen-Xing , Yu Tian-Bao , Liao Qing-Hua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Controlling the spontaneous emission of atoms or molecules is an interesting research topic in the field of quantum optics. Here we provide a perspective on modulating the interaction between two quantum emitters through a sandwich structure composed of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). The dependence of interaction between quantum emitters on the thickness of hBN and chemical potential of graphene is investigated in detail. When the transition frequency of quantum emitter is located in the hyperbolic band of type I supported by hBN, the radiative state can be easily modulated by adjusting the chemical potential of graphene. So it is easy to switch the interaction of quantum emitters from superradiant state to subradiant state by external electric field. When the transition frequency of quantum emitter is located in hyperbolic band of type II, the system can be always in the superradiant state. We predict the further research perspectives of spontaneous emission and superradiance with the help of metasurfaces based on two-dimensional materials.
A scalable, clinically severe pig model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Stirm Michael , Fonteyne Lina Marie , Shashikadze Bachuki , Lindner Magdalena , Chirivi Maila , Lange Andreas , Kaufhold Clara , Mayer Christian , Medugorac Ivica , Kessler Barbara , Kurome Mayuko , Zakhartchenko Valeri , Hinrichs Arne , Kemter Elisabeth , Krause Sabine , Wanke Rüdiger , Arnold Georg J. , Wess Gerhard , Nagashima Hiroshi , Hrabĕ de Angelis Martin , Flenkenthaler Florian , Kobelke Levin Arne , Bearzi Claudia , Rizzi Roberto , Bähr Andrea , Reese Sven , Matiasek Kaspar , Walter Maggie C. , Kupatt Christian , Ziegler Sibylle , Bartenstein Peter , Fröhlich Thomas , Klymiuk Nikolai , Blutke Andreas , Wolf Eckhard 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Large-animal models for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are crucial for the evaluation of diagnostic procedures and treatment strategies. Pigs cloned from male cells lacking DMD exon 52 (DMDΔ52) exhibit molecular, clinical and pathological hallmarks of DMD, but die before sexual maturity and cannot be propagated by breeding. Therefore, we generated female DMD+/− carriers. A single founder animal had 11 litters with 29 DMDY/−, 34 DMD+/− as well as 36 male and 29 female wild-type offspring. Breeding with F1 and F2 DMD+/− carriers resulted in an additional 114 DMDY/− piglets. With intensive neonatal management, the majority survived for 3-4 months, providing statistically relevant cohorts for experimental studies. Pathological investigations and proteome studies of skeletal muscles and myocardium confirmed the resemblance to human disease mechanisms. Importantly, DMDY/− pigs displayed progressive myocardial fibrosis and increased expression of connexin-43, associated with significantly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, at 3 months. Furthermore, behavioral tests provided evidence for impaired cognitive ability. Our breeding cohort of DMDΔ52 pigs and standardized tissue repositories provide important resources for studying DMD disease mechanisms and for testing novel treatment strategies.
Recent Progress in Prussian Blue/Prussian Blue Analogue-Derived Metallic Compounds
Authors: Shan Yang , Zhang Guangxun , Yin Wei , Pang Huan , Xu Qiang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Prussian blue (PB) and its analogues (PBAs) are promising coordination polymers (CPs) with an adjustable composition and open framework. Nonetheless, their intrinsic electrochemical activity and electrical conductivity are poor, which hinder their applications in energy conversion and storage. In catalytic applications, metal compounds derived from PB/PBAs have a lot of advantages, such as outstanding stability, selectivity, and electrical conductivity. Furthermore, they can be used as electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion, while having preferable electronic conductivity, sufficient catalytic active sites, as well as a larger specific surface area and tunable size to achieve an optimized performance. This review summarizes the current achievements of PB/PBA-derived metallic nanomaterials, as well as the existing limitations, urgent challenges and future development.
Birefringence Control of Photoalignable Liquid Crystalline Polymers Based on anIn SituExchange of Oriented Mesogenic Side Groups
Authors: Sakai Ayaka , Noshizono Toshiki , Kondo Mizuho , Sasaki Tomoyuki , Sakamoto Moritsugu , Ono Hiroshi , Kawatsuki Nobuhiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn in situ exchange of oriented mesogenic side groups containing Schiff base moieties realized birefringence control of photoalignable liquid crystalline polymers between 0.13 and 0.44. Both thermal hydrolysis of the oriented side groups and in situ condensation using phenyl amine derivatives with a high inherent birefringence vary the birefringence and thermal stability of oriented films without distortion of the oriented structure.
Effectiveness of bent leg raise technique and neurodynamics in patients with radiating low back pain
Authors: Adnan Muhammad , Arsh Aatik , Ali Babar , Ahmad Shakeel 
Published: November 2021

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of bent leg raise technique and neurodynamics in patients with low back pain that radiates up to the knee.
Methods: The pre-test post-test control group study was conducted at Department of Physical therapy, Maqsood Medical Complex and General Hospital Peshawar from February to July 2019. Patients with radiating low back pain of both genders aged 18-60 years were included in the study. Patients were divided into Group-A and Group-B. Group-A patients received Mulligan bent leg raise technique while Group-B patients received neurodynamics. Both groups received five sessions per week, for four weeks. Numeric pain rating scale, Oswestry disability index and goniometer was used to assess pain, functional disability and straight leg raise range before and after the interventions. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Results: Thirty-two participants with mean age of 38.81±9.94 years, participated in the study. There were no significant differences (P-value >0.05) between the two groups at baseline. Post-treatment, within Group-Analysis showed that all three variables (pain, functional disability and straight leg raise range) significantly (P<0.05) improved in both groups. However, post treatment between Group-Analysis showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) between the two groups.
Conclusion: Both neurodynamics and bent leg raise technique significantly improved pain, functional disability and straight leg raise range in patients with low back pain that radiates up to the knee. However, there were no significant differences between the groups who received either neurodynamics or bent leg raise technique.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4010
How to cite this:Adnan M, Arsh A, Ali B, Ahmad S. Effectiveness of bent leg raise technique and neurodynamics in patients with radiating low back pain. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):47-51. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4010
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of vitiligo treatment by compound Glycyrrhizin combined with fractional laser and Triamcinolone Acetonide injection on T Lymphocyte subpopulation
Authors: Li Ling , Gao Lei , Zhao Yifan 
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To discuss the effective mechanism of vitiligo treatment by compound glycyrrhizin combined with fractional laser and triamcinolone acetonide injection.
Methods: Forty-two patients with vitiligo vulgaris in the stable phase were classified into combined group (19 cases) and medicine group (23) admitted in dermatology department, Baoding First Central Hospital from January 2017 to July 2018. Both groups took 50mg compound glycyrrhizin orally three times per day, and applied halometasone cream externally once per day. Based on this treatment method, after the combined group adopted fractional laser, triamcinolone acetonide injection encapsulation was used immediately. After the treatment for six months, the curative effect was judged for both groups. Flow cytometry was used to test the changes of T lymphocyte subpopulation in peripheral blood before and after treatment. Meanwhile, immunohistochemical method was adopted to determine CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte expression level. Besides, the normal control group was set up.
Results: The efficacy of combined group and medicine group were 73.68% and 56.52% respectively, P<0.05. The comparison of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte level in serum and skin damage before and after treatment had no statistical significance (P>0.05). Serum CD4+ T cells of vitiligo patients reduced, compared with the normal control group (P<0.05), and CD4+/CD8+ declined (P<0.05). CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes at the skin damage of patients increased, compared with normal control group (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Compound glycyrrhizin combined with fractional laser and triamcinolone acetonide injection has good clinical effect in the treatment of vitiligo vulgaris in the stable phase, and its effective mechanism may have nothing to do with T lymphocyte subpopulation.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4412
How to cite this:Li L, Gao L, Zhao Y. Effect of vitiligo treatment by compound Glycyrrhizin combined with fractional laser and Triamcinolone Acetonide injection on T Lymphocyte subpopulation. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):201-206. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4412
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Intraoperative Post Partum Hemorrhage in a Patient with Dengue Fever
Authors: Ahmed Usama , Aman Asiyah 
Published: November 2021

A 33 year old obstetric patient with mild fever of undiagnosed etiology underwent emergency caesarean section under general anesthesia. She had platelet count of 98,000 per microliter and increased APTT of 37.8 s at the time of surgery. After uneventful anesthetic induction and delivery of fetus, slow and oozing type of bleeding led to massive hemorrhage. Patient remained vitally stable throughout perioperative phase and was extubated. Next day, patient’s dengue IgM antibody was reported positive. Neonate was well and his dengue test was negative. Pregnant women are at high risk of developing severe complications of dengue fever with unclear mechanisms related to impaired coagulation. Regional anesthesia may not have safe outcome due to dengue infection.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4519
How to cite this:Ahmed U, Aman A. Intraoperative Post Partum Hemorrhage in a Patient with Dengue Fever. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):326-328. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4519
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.