bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of Sedoheptulose-1,7-Bisphosphatase (Sbpase) for Manipulation in Guard Cells of Arabidopsis thaliana L.
Authors: Kucheli Batta 
Published: October 2021

Guard cells control the stomata through which exchange of gas takes place in plants by balancing between CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and water loss through transpiration leading to ultimate plant water use efficiency (WUE). Due to climate change, sustainable agriculture will therefore require a major reduction in plant water use hence stomata have become potential target for manipulation. Understanding the signal mechanisms of stomata is therefore critically important in facilitating an understanding of stomatal regulation. The use of molecular tools and techniques to manipulate chloroplast metabolism specifically in the guard cells are needed to elucidate signals associated with stomatal behaviour towards crop improvement. Ability to assemble multiple or complex DNA molecules containing large number of genetic elements is an essential part of genetic engineering and in order to understand the involvement of guard cell photosynthesis in stomatal function, genetic manipulation of photosynthetic enzymes specifically in guard cells is necessary. This study employed the manipulation and construction of the enzyme Sedoheptulose-1,7-Bisphosphatase (SBpase) by using the golden gate cloning technique and the bioinformatics system- geneious. Constructs were designed to alter expression of the SBPase gene in a cell specific manner driven by the guard cell promoter KST1 in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana L. The construct design for the sense plasmid vectors allowed efficient assembly of multiple DNA fragments in a single reaction based on the type IIs restriction enzyme. The potentials of manipulating guard cell specific metabolism are therefore enormous and the increase or decrease of photosynthetic genes could be assessed and their impacts on plant development documented accordingly.
Online Teaching in an Un-prepared Country during COVID-19: An Interview Study on Final Year Medical and Dental Students
Authors: Dhahri Adeel Abbas , Memon Ayesha Majeed , Hashmi Fazila , Dhahri Maria , Ghufran Samar , Mian Muhammad Amer , Memon Abdul Sattar , Collabo Medical Education Pakistan (MEP) 
Published: October 2021

Aims: To assess medical students’ perception of online teaching to suggest transforming the future curriculum in low-economic countries.
Study Design: Cross-sectional online interview study.
Place and Duration of Study: A team of collaborators interviewed final year medical and dental students of Pakistan from 07/08/2020 till 17/09/2020.
Methodology: A questionnaire was developed based on open and close-ended questions in Google forms; focusing on institutional preparedness, views on online education, the institute’s closure and COVID-19, and long-term effects of closure of the institute. Independent fellow researchers systematically analyzed the unaltered transcripts of the responses, and themes were then identified and coded to conclude the results. SPSS version 23 used for analysis. As this study was based on final year students.
Results: In response to an invitation email, 2442/2661 (91.77%) students voluntarily participate in this qualitative study. Most participants were females (1614, 66.10%). Closing down institutes was directly linked to a lack of motivation and feel of helplessness. As most showed dissatisfaction with online teaching compounded by psychological effects, students feared losing clinical skills and life during the pandemic.
Conclusion: The psychological impact of the crisis led to resistance to accepting the change for a better outcome. Incorporating telemedicine, different interactive learning style to online teaching, and resilience training would result in fruitful outcomes. Developed countries may also guide build infrastructure in developing countries to develop a more robust online teaching methodology in the long-run.
Retrospective Comparative Analysis of POPF Using Fistula Risk Score According to Pancreaticoenterostomy Method
Authors: Lee Seungmin , Paik Kwang Yeol 
Published: October 2021

Background
The aim of this study is to examine whether pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) or pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) is the better reconstructive method to reduce postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) according to the fistula risk.

Methods
An institutional database was reviewed for patients undergoing PD between January 2008 and August 2019. A total of 159 patients were stratified into 4 groups according to the Clinical Risk Score-Pancreatic Fistula. POPF according to 4 risk groups was compared between PJ and PG.

Results
Of the 159 patients, 82 underwent PG (51.6%) and 77 underwent PJ (48.4%) reconstruction. POPF rate was 17.1% (n = 14) in the PG group and 12.9% (n = 10) in the PJ group (P = 0.51). POPF rates were not different in intermediate, low, and negligible risks between 2 reconstructive methods. In the high-risk group (n = 47), there were 4 POPFs (22.2%) in PJ group and 9 (31.0%) in the PG group, respectively (P = 0.74).

Conclusion
In PD, there was no superior method of reconstruction with regard to POPF, even in high-risk glands.
Roux-en-Y Reconstruction Following Distal Gastrectomy Reduced Endoscopic Reflux Esophagitis in Older Adults: Propensity Score–Matching Analysis
Authors: Inokuchi Mikito , Ogo Taichi , Kato Shunsuke , Nagano Hiroto , Irie Takumi , Kawachi Yasuyuki 
Published: October 2021

Objective
This study aimed to examine the functional outcomes of Roux-en-Y (RY) and Billroth I (BI) reconstruction methods following distal gastrectomy in patients ages ≥75 years with gastric cancer.

Summary of background data
RY and BI reconstructions are commonly performed after distal gastrectomy. However, no study has compared the 2 procedures in older adults.

Methods
We identified older patients who underwent RY (n = 103) or BI (n = 71) reconstruction following distal gastrectomy from 2011 to 2018 in our database. Patients in the RY and BI groups were matched by propensity scores, and each group included 62 patients. We compared short-term surgical outcomes and clinical findings at 1 year postoperatively. Additionally, risk factors for endoscopic reflux esophagitis following distal gastrectomy were evaluated.

Results
Reflux esophagitis, bile reflux, and remnant gastritis were significantly less frequent in RY reconstruction than in BI reconstruction. Moreover, both BI reconstruction and preoperative hiatus hernias were independent risk factors for postoperative endoscopic reflux esophagitis. Although the incidence of postoperative surgical complications following RY and BI was similar, RY was found to cause delayed gastric emptying more frequently than BI.

Conclusion
RY reconstruction is a favorable procedure to prevent reflux esophagitis in older patients, particularly in those with hiatal hernia.
Understanding Effects of Ion Diffusion on Charge Carrier Mobility of Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Transistor Using Ionic Liquid‐Embedded Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)
Authors: Nketia‐Yawson Benjamin , Ahn Hyungju , Jo Jea Woong 
Published: October 2021

In electrolyte‐gated organic electronics, including electrochromic devices, organic field‐effect transistors, and organic electrochemical transistors, the underlying working principle is determined by the permeability of the electrochemically active ions within the electrolyte dielectric into the organic semiconductor layer; as such, the carrier mobility of organic semiconductors in electrolyte‐gated devices remains unclear because of the different degrees of ion penetration depending on the fabrication process and device architecture. Here, ion‐embedded organic semiconductors are developed by precisely incorporating ionic liquid (IL) in poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT), and then the effects on the charge carrier mobility in organic transistors using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF‐HFP)) and electrolyte dielectrics are systematically investigated. Neat P3HT transistors show saturation mobility of 0.080 ± 0.003, 0.287 ± 0.025, and 5.04 ± 0.16 cm2 V−1 s−1 using PMMA, P(VDF‐HFP), and polymer electrolyte dielectrics, respectively. Compared with control neat P3HT devices, nonproportional normalized saturation mobilities of 0.46 (0.30), 1.65 (1.35), and 0.74 (0.89) are observed for P3HT:IL of 99.5:0.5(98:2) v/v% devices using PMMA, P(VDF‐HFP), and polymer electrolyte dielectrics, respectively. In addition, it is found that the ion penetration into P3HT can influence the metal/semiconductor contact and interfacial charge trapping at the dielectric/semiconductor, which can disrupt the efficient charge carrier transport.
Solution‐Processed Perovskite Field‐Effect Transistor Artificial Synapses
Authors: Jeong Beomjin , Gkoupidenis Paschalis , Asadi Kamal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetal halide perovskites are distinctive semiconductors that exhibit both ionic and electronic transport and are promising for artificial synapses. However, developing a 3‐terminal transistor artificial synapse with the perovskite channel remains elusive due to the lack of a proper technique to regulate mobile ions in a non‐volatile manner. Here, a solution‐processed perovskite transistor is reported for artificial synapses through the implementation of a ferroelectric gate. The ferroelectric polarization provides a non‐volatile electric field on the perovskite, leading to fixation of the mobile ions and hence modulation of the electronic conductance of the channel. Multi‐state channel conductance is realized by partial ferroelectric polarization. The ferroelectric‐gated perovskite transistor is successfully used as an artificial synapse that emulates basic synaptic functions such as long‐term plasticity with excellent linearity, short‐term as well as spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity. The strategy to regulate ion dynamics in the perovskites using the ferroelectric gate suggests a generic route to employ perovskites for synaptic electronics.
Gradient H‐Bonding Binder Enables Stable High‐Areal‐Capacity Si‐Based Anodes in Pouch Cells
Authors: Hu Linlin , Zhang Xudong , Zhao Peiyu , Fan Hao , Zhang Zhen , Deng Junkai , Ungar Goran , Song Jiangxuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlleviating large stress is critical for high‐energy batteries with large volume change upon cycling, yet this still presents a challenge. Here, a gradient hydrogen‐bonding binder is reported for high‐capacity silicon‐based anodes that are highly desirable for the next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries. The well‐defined gradient hydrogen bonds, with a successive bond energy of −2.88– −10.04 kcal mol−1, can effectively release the large stress of silicon via the sequential bonding cleavage. This can avoid recurrently abrupt structure fracture of traditional binder due to lack of gradient energy dissipation. Certainly, this regulated binder endows stable high‐areal‐capacity silicon‐based electrodes >4 mAh cm−2. Beyond proof of concept, this work demonstrates a 2 Ah silicon‐based pouch cell with an impressive capacity retention of 80.2% after 700 cycles (0.028% decay/cycle) based on this gradient hydrogen‐bonding binder, making it more promising for practical application.
Processing of Self‐Healing Polymers for Soft Robotics
Authors: Roels Ellen , Terryn Seppe , Iida Fumiya , Bosman Anton W. , Norvez Sophie , Clemens Frank , Van Assche Guy , Vanderborght Bram , Brancart Joost 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSoft robots are, due to their softness, inherently safe and adapt well to unstructured environments. However, they are prone to various damage types. Self‐healing polymers address this vulnerability. Self‐healing soft robots can recover completely from macroscopic damage, extending their lifetime. For developing healable soft robots, various formative and additive manufacturing methods have been exploited to shape self‐healing polymers into complex structures. Additionally, several novel manufacturing techniques, noted as (re)assembly binding techniques that are specific to self‐healing polymers, have been created. Herein, the wide variety of processing techniques of self‐healing polymers for robotics available in the literature is reviewed, and limitations and opportunities discussed thoroughly. Based on defined requirements for soft robots, these techniques are critically compared and validated. A strong focus is drawn to the reversible covalent and (physico)chemical cross‐links present in the self‐healing polymers that do not only endow healability to the resulting soft robotic components, but are also beneficial in many manufacturing techniques. They solve current obstacles in soft robots, including the formation of robust multi‐material parts, recyclability, and stress relaxation. This review bridges two promising research fields, and guides the reader toward selecting a suitable processing method based on a self‐healing polymer and the intended soft robotics application.
Flexible Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates: A Review on Constructions, Applications, and Challenges
Authors: Liu Huiqiao , He Yanan , Cao Kangzhe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFlexible surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have recently attracted growing research interests in real‐world applications due to their unique advantage of sensitivity and flexibility. Reviewing the latest progress of flexible SERS substrates is very important for further development of high‐quality detection platforms. Herein, the recent developments of flexible SERS substrates in fabrications and applications are introduced. First, three categories of current flexible SERS platforms including paper‐based SERS substrates, polymer‐based SERS substrates, and inorganic materials‐based SERS substrates are demonstrated in depth. Then, the focus is moved to the applications of flexible SERS substrates. Combining swab strategies, lateral flow strips, paper‐based microfluidics, and in situ detection techniques, flexible SERS platforms provide intriguing applications in various fields. The challenges are also identified for practical applications on account of substrates’ uniformity, quantitative accuracy, multiplex detection ability, and overall cost. It is believed this review will be of help for researchers to design and fabricate flexible SERS substrates with higher performance and lower cost, and finally realize the practical applications.
2D Ferrous Ion‐Crosslinked Ti3C2Tx MXene Aerogel Evaporators for Efficient Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Li Xiao‐Peng , Li Xiaofeng , Li Heguo , Zhao Yue , Li Wei , Yan Shouke , Yu Zhong‐Zhen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough solar‐driven water evaporation technology is promising for desalination of seawater and purification of wastewater, it is still an issue to enhance the solar steam generation performances by efficient utilization of sustainable solar energy. Herein, 2D ferrous ion‐crosslinked Ti3C2Tx MXene‐based aerogel films (MAFs) are fabricated as efficient solar steam generation devices by vacuum‐assisted filtration of aqueous dispersions of MXene with FeCl2 followed by freeze‐drying. The strong interaction of ferrous ions with –OH groups of MXene sheets and the freeze‐drying process are crucial for constructing structurally stable porous films with rough surfaces. Benefiting from the strong solar light absorption capacity and high solar‐thermal energy conversion efficiency of MXene sheets, along with the hydrophilic and structurally stable porous architecture of MAFs, the average evaporation rates of an optimal MAF evaporator are as high as 1.67 and 14.52 kg m−2 h−1 with evaporation efficiencies of 94.3% and 91.7% under solar light irradiations of 1 and 10 kW m‐2, respectively. As a promising solar steam generation device, the 2D porous and hydrophilic MAF evaporator is highly efficient in generating clean water from both natural seawater and organic wastewater with satisfactory ion rejection efficiencies of close to 100%.
Design of a Stable Heusler Alloy with Switchable Metal‐to‐Half‐Metal Transition at Finite Temperature
Authors: Buchelnikov Vasiliy D. , Sokolovskiy Vladimir V. , Miroshkina Olga N. , Baigutlin Danil R. , Zagrebin Mikhail A. , Barbiellini Bernardo , Singh Bahadur , Bansil Arun , Lähderanta Erkki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe electronic structure and metallicity of Si‐doped Mn2VGe Heusler alloys within the first‐principles density‐functional theory framework are discussed. Mn2VGe is found to assume two stable structures at (cubic) lattice constants of 5.7 and 6.05 Å, which are well‐separated in energy and correspond to half‐metallic (low‐spin) and metallic (high‐spin) phases, respectively. Substitution of Ge by Si reduces the energy difference between these two phases, which become nearly degenerate at an Si concentration of ≈3.125 at% at zero temperature. The analysis shows that the switching between the high‐ and low‐spin phases for this composition can be triggered via a pressure of 2.8 GPa at 300 K. Si‐doped Mn2VGe can thus provide an ultrafast, low power, cost‐effective materials platform for spintronics applications.
Phenylimino Indolinone: A Green‐Light‐Responsive T‐Type Photoswitch Exhibiting Negative Photochromism
Authors: Crespi Stefano , Simeth Nadja A. , Di Donato Mariangela , Doria Sandra , Stindt Charlotte N. , Hilbers Michiel F. , Kiss Ferdinand L. , Toyoda Ryojun , Wesseling Sammo , Buma Wybren Jan , Feringa Ben L. , Szymański Wiktor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractImines are photoaddressable motifs useful in the development of new generations of molecular switches, but their operation with low‐energy photons and control over isomer stability remain challenging. Based on a computational design, we developed phenylimino indolinone (PIO), a green‐light‐addressable T‐type photoswitch showing negative photochromism. The isomerization behavior of this photoactuator of the iminothioindoxyl (ITI) class was studied using time‐resolved spectroscopies on time scales from femtoseconds to the steady state and by quantum‐chemical analyses. The understanding of the isomerization properties and substituent effects governing these photoswitches opens new avenues for the development of novel T‐type visible‐light‐addressable photoactuators based on C=N bonds.
Discovery of sulfadrug–pyrrole conjugates as carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Authors: Gümüş Mehmet , Babacan Şemsi N. , Demir Yeliz , Sert Yusuf , Koca İrfan , Gülçin İlhami 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHuman carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoenzymes are zinc ion‐containing, widespread metalloenzymes and they classically play a role in pH homeostasis maintenance. CA inhibitors suppress the CA activity and their usage has been clinically established as antiglaucoma agents, antiepileptics, diuretics, and in some other disorders. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder and a fatal disease of the brain. An advanced method to cure AD includes the strategy to design acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. A novel series of pyrrole‐3‐one derivatives containing sulfa drugs (5a–i) were determined to be highly potent inhibitors for AChE and hCA I and hCA II (inhibitory constant [Ki] values are in the range of 6.50 ± 1.02–37.46 ± 4.12 nM, 1.20 ± 0.19–44.21 ± 1.09 nM, and 8.93 ± 1.58–46.86 ± 8.41 nM for AChE, hCA I, and hCA II, respectively). The designed compounds often show a more effective inhibition than the chemicals used as the standard. Among these compounds, 5f was the most effective compound against hCA I, and compound 5e was the most effective compound against hCA II. It was determined that compound 5c was the most effective inhibitor for AChE.
Dairy products and the risk of developing prostate cancer: A large‐scale cohort study (JACC Study) in Japan
Authors: Mikami Kazuya , Ozasa Kotaro , Miki Tsuneharu , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Mori Mitsuru , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Suzuki Koji , Wakai Kenji , Nakao Masahiro , Tamakoshi Akiko ,   for the JACC Study Group
Published: October 2021

AbstractDairy products have been indicated as a risk factor for prostate cancer. However, only a few epidemiological studies have reported dairy products as being a risk factor for prostate cancer in Japan, reporting contradictory results. We therefore investigated the association between the intake of dairy products and the occurrence of prostate cancer through a large‐scale cohort study. The Japan Collaborative Cohort study analyzed approximately 110,000 residents from various Japanese districts who participated in our questionnaire survey during 1988–1990. The subjects of the present study were 26,464 men (age range: 40–79 years) from 24 districts wherein cancer incidence was reported. Their clinical course was followed up until 2009. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox's proportional hazards model, adjusted for age, survey area, family history of prostate cancer, body mass index, and total energy intake. For diet, we calculated the HRs associated with intermediate and high consumption of dairy products and compared them with those associated with low consumption. There were 412 cases of prostate cancer in the survey population. As dairy products, milk, yogurt, cheese, and butter were evaluated. Among them, milk consumption was associated with a significant risk (HR = 1.37, p = 0.009) and a dose‐dependent response (p for trend = 0.009) adjusted for age and family history of prostate cancer, stratified by area. Milk and yogurt consumption showed a significantly positive risk and a dose–response relationship adjusted for age, family history of prostate cancer, body mass index, and total energy intake, stratified by area. In summary, a high intake of dairy products such as milk increased the risk of developing prostate cancer in Japanese men.
How to survive in advertisement flooding: The effects of schema–product congruity and attribute relevance on advertisement attitude
Authors: Lee Jihyeon , Kim Hanku 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn increasing number of advertisements imply that market competition is becoming fiercer. This study identifies different types of advertising elements to suggest advertising design strategies that can attract consumers' attention. In this paper, we investigate the effects of schema congruity and attribute relevance on attitude toward advertising. We refer to schema congruity that is created by product color design as “color congruity” and verify the influence of color congruity. To identify the underlying psychological mechanism by which these effects occur, we investigate the mediating effect of perceived novelty and typicality on advertisement attitude. Study 1 identifies the effect of color congruity and product attribute relevance on advertising attitude. When presenting secondary attributes, low color congruity leads to a more favorable advertising attitude than that of high color congruity, whereas when presenting primary attributes, high color congruity is more effective. In Study 2, for secondary attributes, perceived novelty explains the positive impact of low color congruity on advertising attitude. However, for primary attributes, the effect of high congruity on advertising attitude is mediated by perceived typicality. These findings may be useful in proving guidelines for advertising companies and marketers that want to create fresh content by suggesting how to combine advertising elements that will attract consumers' attention.