bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Pendants on Physicochemical Properties: Applications Based on Cyclotriphosphazene Core
Authors: Özcan Elif , Uslu Aylin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study focused on investigating the effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic substituents on the physicochemical properties for medical applications. In this study, to understand the effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic substituents on physicochemical parameters such as lipophilicity and thermosensitivity, a series of cis‐tris nongeminal [N3P3(R1‐4)3(Ra‐f)3] cyclotriphosphazenes [R1‐4=diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DEGME), triethylene glycol monomethyl ether (TEGME), methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG350), methoxypolyethylene glycol‐550 (mPEG550); (2–5) respectively; Ra‐f=pyrazole, 3,5‐dimethylpyrazole, imidazole, 2‐methyl imidazole, benzimidazole, 5,6‐dimethyl benzimidazole, [2(a–f), 3(a–f), 4(a–f), 5(a–f)] respectively] were synthesized and fully characterized by mass, 31P and 1H NMR spectroscopies. Solubility and thermosensitivity based on substituent dependent LCST (lower critical solution temperature) behaviour of all synthesized molecules are investigated. Each compound analysed by HPLC to determine the lipophilicity values (logPo/w) between n‐octanol and water. A good correlation (r=0.9975 and R2=0.9948) was observed between the experimentally determined logPo/w and estimated milogP values. The results showed that LCST values of the reported compounds were linearly correlated with their lipophilicity values.
Empirical analysis of practitioners' perceptions of test flakiness factors
Authors: Ahmad Azeem , Leifler Ola , Sandahl Kristian 
Published: August 2021

SummaryIdentifying the root causes of test flakiness is one of the challenges faced by practitioners during software testing. In other words, the testing of the software is hampered by test flakiness. Since the research about test flakiness in large‐scale software engineering is scarce, the need for an empirical case‐study where we can build a common and grounded understanding of the problem as well as relevant remedies that can later be evaluated in a large‐scale context is a necessity. This study reports the findings from a multiple‐case study. The authors conducted an online survey to investigate and catalogue the root causes of test flakiness and mitigation strategies. We attempted to understand how practitioners perceive test flakiness in closed‐source development, such as how they define test flakiness and what practitioners perceive can affect test flakiness. The perceptions of practitioners were compared with the available literature. We investigated whether practitioners' perceptions are reflected in the test artefacts such as what is the relationship between the perceived factors and properties of test artefacts. This study reported 19 factors that are perceived by professionals to affect test flakiness. These perceived factors are categorized astest code,system under test,CI/test infrastructure, andorganization‐related. The authors concluded that some of the perceived factors in test flakiness in closed‐source development are directly related to non‐determinism, whereas other perceived factors concern different aspects, for example, lack of good properties of a test case, deviations from the established processes, and ad hoc decisions. Given a data set from investigated cases, the authors concluded that two of the perceived factors (i.e., test case size and test case simplicity) have a strong effect on test flakiness.
The impact of colectomy on the course of extraintestinal manifestations in Swiss inflammatory bowel disease cohort study patients
Authors: Roth René , Vavricka Stephan , Scharl Michael , Schreiner Philipp , Safroneeva Ekaterina , Greuter Thomas , Zeitz Jonas , Misselwitz Benjamin , Schoepfer Alain , Barry Mamadou Pathé , Rogler Gerhard , Biedermann Luc ,   Swiss IBD cohort study
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsExtraintestinal manifestations are reported to occur in up to 45% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients during the course of disease. It is unknown whether colectomy reduces the rate of de novo extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) or impacts on severity of EIMs following a parallel versus independent disease course from underlying IBD.MethodsUsing data from the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study we aimed to analyse the course of EIMs in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) patients undergoing colectomy during the cohort’s prospective follow‐up.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐one IBD patients (33 CD, 81 UC and seven unclassified) underwent colectomy during prospective follow‐up in the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study. Within the 114 patients with UC or CD any EIM was reported in 40 (nine CD and 31 UC) patients. Activity of EIMs ceased entirely after colectomy in 21 patients (52.5%). Complete cessation of EIM after colectomy was higher in patients with UC versus CD with 58.1% versus 33.3%. After colectomy, 29 out of the 114 patients (25.4%) experienced any EIM. Two thirds of these (19 patients) represented persisting EIMs, while in one third (10 patients) EIM represented a de‐novo event after colectomy. Overall, 13.5% of IBD patients developed a de‐novo EIM after colectomy.ConclusionsIn IBD patients undergoing colectomy, EIMs present prior to surgery will persist in about half of patients. Complete cessation of EIM after colectomy may be less common in CD than in UC. In patients who never experienced EIMs prior to colectomy de‐novo manifestations thereafter should be expected in up to one in seven patients.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 supersymmetric partially massless fields and other exotic non-unitary superconformal representations
Authors: Bittermann Noah , Garcia-Saenz Sebastian , Hinterbichler Kurt , Rosen Rachel A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We find and classify the simplest $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SUSY multiplets on AdS4 which contain partially massless fields. We do this by studying representations of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2, d = 3 superconformal algebra of the boundary, including new shortening conditions that arise in the non-unitary regime. Unlike the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 case, the simplest $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 multiplet containing a partially massless spin-2 is short, containing several exotic fields. More generally, we argue that $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetry allows for short multiplets that contain partially massless spin-s particles of depth t = s − 2.
Gynecologic tumor board: a radiologist’s guide to vulvar and vaginal malignancies
Authors: Chow Lucy , Tsui Brian Q. , Bahrami Simin , Masamed Rinat , Memarzadeh Sanaz , Raman Steven S. , Patel Maitraya K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrimary vulvar and vaginal cancers are rare female genital tract malignancies which are staged using the 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging. These cancers account for approximately 2,700 deaths annually in the USA. The most common histologic subtype of both vulvar and vaginal cancers is squamous cell carcinoma, with an increasing role of the human papillomavirus (HPV) in a significant number of these tumors. Lymph node involvement is the hallmark of FIGO stage 3 vulvar cancer while pelvic sidewall involvement is the hallmark of FIGO stage 3 vaginal cancer. Imaging techniques include computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET)-CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and PET-MRI. MRI is the imaging modality of choice for preoperative clinical staging of nodal and metastatic involvement while PET-CT is helpful with assessing response to neoadjuvant treatment and for guiding patient management. Determining the pretreatment extent of disease has become more important due to modern tailored operative approaches and use of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy to reduce surgical morbidity. Moreover, imaging is used to determine the full extent of disease for radiation planning and for evaluating treatment response. Understanding the relevant anatomy of the vulva and vaginal regions and the associated lymphatic pathways is helpful to recognize the potential routes of spread and to correctly identify the appropriate FIGO stage. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical features, pathology, and current treatment strategies for vulvar and vaginal malignancies and to identify multimodality diagnostic imaging features of these gynecologic cancers, in conjunction with its respective 2009 FIGO staging system guidelines.
„In Videobehandlungen trotz Distanz Nähe schaffen“
Authors: Gumz Antje , Kanal Sulenur , Ünser Aydan , Kästner Denise , Beck-Hiestermann Franziska Marie Lea 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Durch die im Zuge des Ausbruchs der „coronavirus disease 2019“ (COVID-19) im März 2020 erlassenen Kontaktverbote haben Psychotherapeuten deutlich mehr und die meisten von ihnen erstmalig Videobehandlungen (VB) angeboten. Bisher gibt es nur wenig Forschung dazu, wie Therapeuten die VB während der Pandemie erlebt haben, und es liegen keine Studien vor, die mögliche verfahrensspezifische Besonderheiten betrachten.

Ziel
Es soll analysiert werden, welche subjektiven Erfahrungen Therapeuten unterschiedlicher Richtlinienverfahren mit der Durchführung von VB in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie gemacht haben und welche Vor- und Nachteile sie erlebten.

Methoden
Es handelt sich um eine „Mixed-methods“-Studie mit einer querschnittlichen Onlineerhebung. Neben quantitativen Daten wurden anhand von 7 offenen Fragen die subjektiven Erfahrungen der Therapeuten mit der Durchführung von VB erhoben und mithilfe der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Die identifizierten Kategorien wurden einer Häufigkeitsanalyse unterzogen. Angaben von 174 ärztlichen oder psychologischen Psychotherapeuten gingen in die Auswertung ein.

Ergebnisse
Besonders häufig genannte Vorteile waren die örtliche und zeitliche Flexibilität, die Kontinuität des Kontaktes in Pandemiezeiten und die Vermeidung des Infektionsrisikos. Der meistbenannte Nachteil war, dass Sinneseindrücke, Mimik, Gestik, Blickkontakt und nonverbale Kommunikation fehlen. Die meisten, aber nicht alle Patienten nahmen VB gut an. Technische Probleme erschwerten die Umsetzung.

Schlussfolgerungen
Für viele Therapeuten blieb VB eine „Notlösung“, die nicht auf Dauer angelegt sei. Allerdings könnte VB über die Pandemiezeit hinaus helfen, Versorgungsprobleme (z. B. Unterversorgung auf dem Land) zu lösen. Die Ergebnisse der Studie leisten einen wichtigen Beitrag dazu, Chancen und Risiken der VB für die psychotherapeutische Versorgung abzuwägen sowie mögliche Gefahren und Schwierigkeiten im Auge zu behalten.
The effects of visualization on judgment and decision-making: a systematic literature review
Authors: Eberhard Karin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe visualization of information is a widely used tool to improve comprehension and, ultimately, decision-making in strategic management decisions as well as in a diverse array of other domains. Across social science research, many findings have supported this rationale. However, empirical results vary significantly in terms of the variables and mechanisms studied as well as their resulting conclusion. Despite the ubiquity of information visualization with modern software, there is little effort to create a comprehensive understanding of the powers and limitations of its use. The purpose of this article is therefore to review, systematize, and integrate extant research on the effects of information visualization on decision-making and to provide a future research agenda with a particular focus on the context of strategic management decisions. The study shows that information visualization can improve decision quality as well as speed, with more mixed effects on other variables, for instance, decision confidence. Several moderators such as user and task characteristics have been investigated as part of this interaction, along with cognitive aspects as mediating processes. The article presents integrative insights based on research spanning multiple domains across the social and information sciences and provides impulses for prospective applications in the realm of managerial decision-making.
Predisposing conditions for bacterial meningitis in children: what radiologists need to know
Authors: Masuoka Sota , Miyazaki Osamu , Takahashi Hiroaki , Tsutsumi Yoshiyuki , Hiyama Takashi , Kitamura Masayuki , Okamoto Reiko , Miyasaka Mikiko , Minami Manabu , Nosaka Shunsuke 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA variety of underlying diseases can predispose infants and children to bacterial meningitis (BM). For the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of its recurrence, radiologists should be familiar with its predisposing conditions so that they can suggest the appropriate imaging approach. Predisposing conditions of BM can be broadly classified into two categories: infection spread from the adjacent tissue to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space and immunodeficiency. Diseases in the former category are further divided according to regardless of whether there is a structural defect between the CSF space and the adjacent tissue. When a structural defect is suspected in a patient with BM, computed tomography (CT) of the head and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are first-line imaging examinations. Radionuclide cisternography should be implemented as a second-line step to identify the CSF leak site. In patients with suspected parameningeal infection without any structural defect, such as sinusitis or otitis media/mastoiditis, CT or MR images can identify not only the disease itself but also the associated intracranial complications. The purpose of this article is to discuss the diagnostic approach and imaging findings associated with the variety of conditions predisposing patients to recurrent BM, focusing on the role of radiology in their management.
It’s the Weather: Quantifying the Impact of Weather on Retail Sales
Authors: Rose Natalie , Dolega Les 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe weather is considered as an influential factor on consumer purchasing behaviours and plays a significant role in many aspects of retail sector decision making. As a result, better understanding of the magnitude and nature of the influence of variable UK weather conditions can be beneficial to many retailers and other stakeholders. This study addresses the dearth of research in this area by quantifying the relationship between different weather conditions and trading outcomes. By employing comprehensive daily sales data for a major high street retailer with over 2000 stores across England and adopting a random forest methodology, the study quantifies the influence of various weather conditions on daily retail sales. Results indicate that weather impact is greatest in the summer and spring months and that wind is consistently found to be the most influential weather condition. The top five most weather-dependent categories cover a range of different product types, with health foods emerging as the most susceptible to the weather. Also, sales from out-of-town stores show a far more complex relationship with the weather than those from traditional high street stores with the regions London and the South East experiencing the greatest levels of influence. Various implications of these findings for retail stakeholders are discussed and the scope for further research outlined.
Comparative analysis of allele variation using allele frequencies according to sample size in Korean population
Authors: Park Hyun-Chul , Ahn Eu-Ree , Shin Sang-Cheul 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Allele frequency using short tandem repeats (STRs) is used to calculate likelihood ratio for database match, to interpret DNA mixture and to estimate ethnic groups in forensic genetics. In Korea, three population studies for 23 STR loci have been conducted with different sample size for forensic purposes.

Objective
We performed comparative analysis to determine how the difference of sample size affects the allele frequency and allele variation within same ethnic population (i.e. Korean). Furthermore, this study was conducted to check how the sampling group and multiplex kit also affect allele variation such as rare alleles and population specific alleles.

Methods
To compare allele variation, we used allele frequencies of three population data published from three Korean forensic research groups. Allele frequencies were calculated using different sample sizes and multiplex kits: 526, 1000, and 2000 individuals, respectively.

Results
The results showed the different distribution of allele frequencies in some loci. There was also a difference in the number of rare alleles observed by the sample size and sampling bias. In particular, an allele of 9.1 in the D2S441 locus was not observed in population study with 526 individuals due to multiplex kits.

Conclusion
Because the allele frequencies play an important role in forensic genetics, even if the samples are derived from the same population, it is important to consider the effects of sample size, sampling bias, and selection of multiplex kits in population studies.
YKL-40 protein expression in human tumor samples and human tumor cell line xenografts: implications for its use in tumor models
Authors: Böckelmann Lukas Clemens , Felix Theresa , Calabrò Simona , Schumacher Udo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
YKL-40, also known as non-enzymatic chitinase-3 like-protein-1 (CHI3L1), is a glycoprotein expressed and secreted mainly by inflammatory cells and tumor cells. Accordingly, several studies demonstrated elevated YKL-40 serum levels in cancer patients and found YKL-40 to be correlated with a poor prognosis and disease severity in some tumor entities. YKL-40 was suggested to be involved in angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling. As yet, however, its precise biological function remains elusive.

Methods
As YKL-40 protein expression has only been investigated in few malignancies, we employed immunohistochemical detection in a large multi-tumor tissue microarray consisting of 2,310 samples from 72 different tumor entities. In addition, YKL-40 protein expression was determined in primary mouse xenograft tumors derived from human cancer cell lines.

Results
YKL-40 could be detected in almost all cancer entities and was differently expressed depending on tumor stage and subtype (e.g., thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer and ovarian cancer). While YKL-40 was absent in in vitro grown human cancer cell lines, YKL-40 expression was upregulated in xenograft tumor tissues in vivo.

Conclusions
These data provide new insights into YKL-40 expression at the protein level in various tumor entities and its regulation in tumor models. Our data suggest that upregulation of YKL-40 expression is a common feature in vivo and is finely regulated by tumor cell-microenvironment interactions.
Post-processing of biochars to enhance plant growth responses: a review and meta-analysis
Authors: Thomas Sean C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA number of processes for post-production treatment of “raw” biochars, including leaching, aeration, grinding or sieving to reduce particle size, and chemical or steam activation, have been suggested as means to enhance biochar effectiveness in agriculture, forestry, and environmental restoration. Here, I review studies on post-production processing methods and their effects on biochar physio-chemical properties and present a meta-analysis of plant growth and yield responses to post-processed vs. “raw” biochars. Data from 23 studies provide a total of 112 comparisons of responses to processed vs. unprocessed biochars, and 103 comparisons allowing assessment of effects relative to biochar particle size; additional 8 published studies involving 32 comparisons provide data on effects of biochar leachates. Overall, post-processed biochars resulted in significantly increased average plant growth responses 14% above those observed with unprocessed biochar. This overall effect was driven by plant growth responses to reduced biochar particle size, and heating/aeration treatments. The assessment of biochar effects by particle size indicates a peak at a particle size of 0.5–1.0 mm. Biochar leachate treatments showed very high heterogeneity among studies and no average growth benefit. I conclude that physiochemical post-processing of biochar offers substantial additional agronomic benefits compared to the use of unprocessed biochar. Further research on post-production treatments effects will be important for biochar utilization to maximize benefits to carbon sequestration and system productivity in agriculture, forestry, and environmental restoration.
Tire abrasion particles negatively affect plant growth even at low concentrations and alter soil biogeochemical cycling
Authors: Leifheit Eva F. , Kissener Hanna L. , Faltin Erik , Ryo Masahiro , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTire particles (TPs) are a major source of microplastic on land, and considering their chemical composition, they represent a potential hazard for the terrestrial environment. We studied the effects of TPs at environmentally relevant concentrations along a wide concentration gradient (0–160 mg g−1) and tested the effects on plant growth, soil pH and the key ecosystem process of litter decomposition and soil respiration. The addition of TPs negatively affected shoot and root growth already at low concentrations. Tea litter decomposition slightly increased with lower additions of TPs but decreased later on. Soil pH increased until a TP concentration of 80 mg g−1 and leveled off afterwards. Soil respiration clearly increased with increasing concentration of added TPs. Plant growth was likely reduced with starting contamination and stopped when contamination reached a certain level in the soil. The presence of TPs altered a number of biogeochemical soil parameters that can have further effects on plant performance. Considering the quantities of yearly produced TPs, their persistence, and toxic potential, we assume that these particles will eventually have a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems.
The outcomes of sexting for children and adolescents: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Doyle Caoimhe , Douglas Ellen , O'Reilly Gary 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionGiven associated risks, sexting among children and adolescents has yielded significant interest in recent years. Several previous reviews have examined data on the prevalence, determinants, and correlates of sexting behaviour, however, in an ever‐changing digital media context, a comprehensive overview of findings regarding its outcomes is warranted. This novel review aimed to systematically identify and conduct a narrative synthesis of empirical evidence regarding the outcomes of sexting involvement for children and adolescents.MethodsFour databases were searched for peer‐reviewed literature on sexting, and 54 articles were identified for inclusion in the review. The quality of included studies was appraised using Dixon‐Woods et al. (2006) five question prompts.ResultsFour ‘outcomes’ categories were derived, namely, psychological (victimisation; sexual abuse/victimisation; mental health and quality of life; and emotional outcomes), behavioural (sexual activity, risk behaviours, and perpetration of abuse and harassment), relational (personal connections with others & reputational outcomes), and systems‐level (distribution/public exposure of sexting content).ConclusionsFindings indicate that the outcomes of sexting for children and adolescents (aged ≤19 years) are wide‐ranging, some positive and desirable, others negative and unwanted. Furthermore, identified outcomes were located along a continuum spanning benefits for adolescents’ well‐being and relationships, stigma and associated difficulties, and serious harm or trauma. Limitations (e.g., methodological constraints of studies) and implications (e.g., informing harm prevention/intervention initiatives; further large‐scale and replication studies) are discussed within.