bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Helicobacter Pylori Infection on Malignancy of Undifferentiated-type Gastric Cancer
Authors: TANAKA MASAMI , Hoteya Shu , Kikuchi Daisuke , Nomura Kosuke , Ochiai Yorinari , Okamura Takayuki , Hayasaka Junnosuke , Suzuki Yugo , Mitsunaga Yutaka , Dan Nobuhiro , Odagiri Hiroyuki , Yamashita Satoshi , Matsui Akira 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Although almost all cases of gastric cancer are caused by Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, there are some rare exceptions. Furthermore, the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer may differ depending on HP infection status. This study aimed to determine the clinicopathological characteristics of undifferentiated-type gastric cancer (UD-GC) according to HP status.Methods: The study involved 83 patients with UD-GC who were selected from 1559 patients with gastric cancer who underwent endoscopic resection at our hospital and whose HP infection status was confirmed. Clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated according to HP status (eradicated, n=28; infected, n=32; not infected, n=23).Results: In patients without HP infection, UD-GCs were <20 mm and intramucosal with no vascular invasion. In patients with eradicated HP, there was no correlation between development of UD-GC and time since eradication. Furthermore, 75% of patients with a tumor detected ≥5 years after eradication had undergone yearly endoscopy. Submucosal or deeper invasion was observed in 50% of patients and vascular invasion in 75% of patients whose UD-GC was detected ≥10 years after eradication. The proportion of patients with UD-GC and submucosal or deeper invasion was zero in the group without HP infection, 14.3% in the group with eradicated HP, and 10.5% in the HP-infected group.Conclusion: The clinicopathological characteristics of UD-GC were similar between HP-infected patients and HP-eradicated patients. Patients with eradicated HP whose UD-GC developed long after eradication had high rates of vascular and submucosal invasion. In contrast, UD-GC was curable by endoscopic resection in all patients without HP infection.
COVID-19 myth-busting: an experimental study
Authors: Challenger Aimée Rebecca , Sumner Petroc , Bott Lewis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCOVID-19 misinformation is a danger to public health. A range of formats are used by health campaigns to correct beliefs but data on their effectiveness is limited. We aimed to identify A) whether three commonly used myth-busting formats are effective for COVID-19 myths, immediately and after a delay, and B) which is the most effective.MethodsWe tested whether three common correction formats could reduce beliefs in COVID-19 myths: (i) question-answer, ii) fact-only, (ii) fact-myth. n = 2215 participants (n=1291 after attrition), UK representative of age and gender, were randomly assigned to one of the three formats. n = 11 myths were acquired from fact-checker websites and piloted to ensure believability. Participants rated myth belief at baseline, were shown correction images (the intervention), and then rated myth beliefs immediately post-intervention and after a delay of at least 6 days. A partial replication, n = 2084 UK representative, was also completed with immediate myth rating only. Analysis used mixed models with participants and myths as random effects.ResultsMyth agreement ratings were significantly lower than baseline for all correction formats, both immediately and after the delay; all β’s > 0.30, p’s < .001. Thus all formats were effective at lowering beliefs in COVID-19 misinformation.Correction formats only differed where baseline myth agreement was high, with question-answer and fact-myth more effective than fact-only immediately; β=0.040, p=.022 (replication set: β = 0.053, p = .0075) and β = -0.051, p = .0059 (replication set: β=-0.061, p < .001), respectively. After the delay however, question-answer was more effective than fact-myth, β = 0.040, p =. 031, and fact-only marginally so, β = .025, p = 0.10.ConclusionOur results imply that COVID-19 myths can be effectively corrected using materials and formats typical of health campaigns. Campaign designers can use our results to choose between correction formats. When myth belief was high, question-answer format, in which the reader is invited to consider whether a myth is true, had a more lasting effect than a traditional fact-myth format.
Demonstrating the potential of Regional Ocean Model System in simulating the upper ocean characteristic over Arabian Sea: impact of horizontal resolution
Authors: Kushwaha Prabha , Pandey Vivek Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study attempted to demonstrate the skill of the regional ocean model system (ROMS) is simulating the hydrographic property of the Arabian Sea (AS). Additionally, the impact of horizontal resolution is investigated. In this regard, ROMS is integrated over AS covering [30˚E-80˚E; 5˚N-30N˚] at two different horizontal resolutions 1/6˚(~ 17km) and 1/4˚(~ 25km) for ten years. The comparison of model results with available observation and reanalysis indicates reasonable resemblances in reproducing the spatial-temporal distribution of surface and subsurface hydrographic property i.e. sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), sea surface currents, and subsurface temperature and salinity at both resolutions. The increasing resolution shows minimal improvement, indicating the fact that its not always guaranty to enhance the performance towards increasing resolution for every aspect.
Magnetically synthesized MnFe2O4 nanoparticles as an effective adsorbent for lead ions removal from an aqueous solution
Authors: Hassan Mohamed R. , Aly Mohamed I. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The adsorption behavior of lead(II) using a new magnetic adsorbent is investigated. The facile synthesis of MnFe2O4 was carried out using the co-precipitation method. The different parameters that affected the adsorption process were investigated such as contact time, metal ion concentration, pH, temperature, and the adsorbent dosage. The maximum lead(II) sorption capacity was found to be 75.75 (mg/g) and obtained using 1 g/L MnFe2O4 when pH equals 5.3, a temperature of 25 °C, and contact time as 60 min. The adsorption isotherm study indicated that the Langmuir model was the best model that described the adsorption process using 1 g/L MnFe2O4. Based on the values of correlation coefficient data (R2), the kinetic adsorption parameters were well defined by the second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, the temperature effect findings have been confirmed that the removal of lead ions was endothermic. The desorption efficiency reached more than 88% when used 0.01 M NaOH as an eluent.
An ecological perspective in the evolutionary theology
Authors: Grygiel Wojciech P. 
Published: August 2021

A new paradigm in theology, termed evolutionary theology, supports the understanding of ecology as the proper ordering of the relations between living organisms and their environment. It is argued that evolutionary theology yields a unique conceptual framework in which the human species share a common history with the entire Universe and respecting nature’s integrity means securing a common destiny to everything that exists. This is a powerful motivation for adopting a balanced ecological attitude aimed at respecting nature’s inherent integrity. Furthermore, proposing theological arguments to substantiate ecological claims will help neutralize the objections that religion as such promotes anti-ecological attitudes. Such objections become more pressing when religion focuses exclusively on the afterlife in the immaterial and eternal world to come, and neglects the well-being of the material and temporal Universe.
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Received: 30/08/2020. Reviewed: 07/10/2020. Accepted: 12/11/2020
Exploring AT2R and its Polymorphism in Different Diseases: An Approach
to Develop AT2R as a Drug Target beyond Hypertension
Authors: Sharma Bhanu , Hussain Tahir , Khan Mohammed A. , Jaiswal Varun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract:
The Angiotensin II type 2 Receptor (AT2R) is one of the critical components of the renin-
angiotensin system (RAS), which performs diverse functions like inhibiting cell differentiation,
cell proliferation, vasodilatation, reduces oxidative stress and inflammation. AT2R is relatively
less studied in comparison to other components of RAS despite its uniqueness (sex-linked) and diverse
functions. The AT2R is differentially expressed in different tissues, and its gene polymorphisms
are associated with several diseases. The molecular mechanism behind the association of
AT2R and its gene polymorphisms with the diseases remains to be fully understood, which hinders
the development of AT2R as a drug target. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AT2R are
found at different locations (exons, introns, promoter, and UTR regions) and were studied for association
with different diseases. There may be different mechanisms behind these associations as
some AT2R SNP variants were associated with differential expression, the SNPs (A1675G/
A1332G) affect the alternate splicing of AT2R mRNA, A1332G genotype results in shortening of
the AT2R mRNA and subsequently defective protein. Few SNPs were found to be associated with
the diseases in either females (C4599A) or males (T1334C). Several other SNPs were expected to
be associated with other similar/related diseases, but studies have not been done yet. The present review
emphasizes on the significance of AT2R and its polymorphisms associated with the diseases
to explore the precise role of AT2R in different diseases and the possibility to develop AT2R as a
potential drug target.
Pharmacodynamic Stance of Phytoconstituents as a Gastric Ulcer
Protective Mechanism: An Overview
Authors: Singh Manish Pal , Chawla Viney , Kaushik Darpan , Chawla Pooja A , Sisodia Siddhraj Singh 
Published: August 2021

:
Various traditional herbal plants have been associated with unique
pharmacological actions. Natural parts as well as processed plant parts are known to
possess gastro-protective and gastro- mucosal healing property. Motive of this review
analysis is to explain the gastro-protective and gastro-mucosal healing property of
different herbal plants and their constituents indigenous to various regions of the globe
and elucidate mechanisms of the healing by their metabolic extracts. Moreover, an
attempt shall be made to explicate the possible molecular pharmacological targets
responsible for healing gastric ulcer activity. A thorough survey of literature has been
carried out from various scientific resources and using keywords like peptic ulcer
mechanism, gastro-protective agents, gastro-mucosal healing property, natural and
processed herbal drugs preventing peptic ulcers. This article will present a running
commentary on the prospects and potential of herbal plants exhibiting gastroprotective
activity and gastro-mucosal healing property.
Molecular Regulatory Roles of Long Non-coding RNA HOTTIP:
An Overview in Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Hamid Ummi Zulaiqha , Sim Maw Shin , Guad Rhanye Mac , Subramaniyan Vetriselvan , Sekar Mahendran , Fuloria Neeraj Kumar , Fuloria Shivkanya , Choy Ker Woon , Fareez Ismail Muhamad , Bonam Srinivasa Reddy , Wu Yuan Seng 
Published: August 2021

:
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers presented an alarmingly high number of new
cancer cases worldwide and are highly characterised by poor prognosis. The poor
overall survival is mainly due to late detection and emerging challenges in treatment,
particularly chemoresistance. Thus, the identification of novel molecular targets in GI
cancer is highly regarded as the main focus. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)
have been discovered as potential novel molecular targets for combating cancer, as they
are highly associated with carcinogenesis and have a great impact on cancer
progression. Amongst lncRNAs, HOTTIP has demonstrated a prominent oncogenic
regulation in cancer progression, particularly in GI cancers, including oesophageal
cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal
cancer. This review aimed to present a focused update on the regulatory roles of
HOTTIP in GI cancer progression and chemoresistance, as well as deciphering the
associated molecular mechanisms underlying their impact on cancer phenotypes and
chemoresistance and the key molecules involved. It has been reported that it regulates
the expression of various genes and proteins in GI cancers that impact cellular
functions, including proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion, apoptosis,
chemosensitivity, and tumour differentiation. Furthermore, HOTTIP was also discovered
to have a higher diagnostic value as compared to existing diagnostic biomarkers.
Overall, HOTTIP has presented itself as a novel therapeutic target and potential
diagnostic biomarker in the development of GI cancer treatment.
Structural and Functional MRI Brain Changes in Patients with Schizophrenia
Following Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jiang Yuchao , Duan Mingjun , He Hui , Yao Dezhong , Luo Cheng 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder typically characterized
by multidimensional psychotic syndromes. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment option
for medication-resistant patients with SZ or treating acute symptoms. Although the efficacy of ECT
has been demonstrated in clinical use, its therapeutic mechanisms in the brain remain elusive.

Objective:
This study aimed to summarize brain changes on structural magnetic resonance imaging
(sMRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) after ECT.

Methods:
According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
(PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was carried out. The PubMed and Medline databases
were systematically searched using the following medical subject headings (MeSH): (electroconvulsive
therapy OR ECT) AND (schizophrenia) AND (MRI OR fMRI OR DTI OR DWI).

Results:
This review yielded 12 MRI studies, including 4 with sMRI, 5 with fMRI and 3 with multimodal
MRI. Increases in volumes of the hippocampus and its adjacent regions (parahippocampal
gyrus and amygdala), as well as the insula and frontotemporal regions, were noted after ECT. fMRI
studies found ECT-induced changes in different brain regions/networks, including the hippocampus,
amygdala, default model network, salience network and other regions/networks that are thought to
highly correlate with the pathophysiologic characteristics of SZ. The results of the correlation between
brain changes and symptom remissions are inconsistent.

Conclusion:
Our review provides evidence supporting ECT-induced brain changes on sMRI and
fMRI in SZ and explores the relationship between these changes and symptom remission.
The Impact of Deranged Glucose Metabolism and Diabetes in the Pathogenesis
and Prognosis of the Novel SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Ukwenya Victor O. , Adelakun Sunday A. , Fuwape Temiloluwa A. , Adeagbo Ayotunde S. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), declared a global pandemic
by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, and has constituted one of the most
serious health challenges of the century, globally. The causative organism was initially named the
2019 novel coronavirus (2019 n CoV) but has subsequently been renamed Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The pandemic has so far infected several millions and
killed about a million people worldwide. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the leading causes of
morbidity worldwide.

Objectives:
To examine the critical role diabetes plays in the pathogenesis and prognosis of
COVID-19 and to assess the emerging therapies available to fight the pandemic.

Methods:
Authors conducted a systematic review of the literature to examine the role of diabetes
as comorbidity in the pathogenesis and prognosis of COVID-19 by searching PubMed and Science
Direct databases mainly for articles published since the outbreak of the pandemic.

Results:
Both experimental and observational data from early 2020 suggested that most people
with COVID-19 have comorbidities, the most dominant of which are diabetes, cardiovascular disease,
and hypertension. Empirical evidence indicates that diabetic patients infected with the
COVID-19 disease had the worst outcomes concerning morbidity and mortality.

Conclusion:
A combination of underlying chronic conditions such as hypertension, obesity, and
cardiovascular diseases together with altered ACE receptor expression, immune dysregulation via
cytokine storm, alveolar and endothelial dysfunction, increased systemic coagulation may put individuals
with diabetes at risk for COVID-19 severity. More studies are needed to elucidate how glucose-
lowering drugs may modulate the host immune response in diabetic individuals, especially following
the administration of potential COVID-19 vaccines.
Should the Quality of Glycemic Control Guide Dental Implant Therapy in Patients with Diabetes? Focus on Implant Survival
Authors: Aldahlawi Salwa , Nourah Dalia , Andreana Sebastiano 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:Optimal glycemic control is crucial to dental implant long-term functional and esthetic success. Despite HbA1c levels of 7% or lower used is as an indicator for good glycemic control, however, this level may not be attainable for all diabetic patients. Most dentists do not consider patients with poor glycemic control candidates for implant therapy due to higher implant failure, infection or other complications.Aim:This review challenges the concept of one size fits all and aims to critically appraise the evidence for the success or failure rate of dental implants and peri-implant health outcomes in patients with less than optimal glycemic control.Discussion:Evidence suggests that estimating glycemic control from HbA1c measurement alone is misleading. Moreover, elevated preoperative HbA1c was not associated with increased mortality and morbidity after major surgical procedures. Literature for the survival or success of implants in diabetic patients is inconsistent due to a lack of standardized reporting of clinical data collection and outcomes. While a number of studies report that implant treatment in patients with well controlled diabetes has a similar success rate to healthy individuals, other studies suggest that the quality of glycemic control in diabetic patients does not make a difference in the implant failure rate or marginal bone loss. This discrepancy could indicate that risk factors other than hyperglycemia may contribute to the survival of implants in diabetic patients.Conclusion:In the era of personalized medicine, the clinician should utilize individualized information and analyze all risk factors to provide the patient with evidence-based treatment options.
Lung Nodule Detectability of Artificial Intelligence-assisted CT Image Reading in Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Zhang Yaping , Jiang Beibei , Zhang Lu , Greuter Marcel J.W. , de Bock Geertruida H. , Zhang Hao , Xie Xueqian 
Published: August 2021

Background:Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based automatic lung nodule detection system improves the detection rate of nodules. It is important to evaluate the clinical value of the AI system by comparing AI-assisted nodule detection with actual radiology reports.Objective:To compare the detection rate of lung nodules between the actual radiology reports and AI-assisted reading in lung cancer CT screening.Methods:Participants in chest CT screening from November to December 2019 were retrospectively included. In the real-world radiologist observation, 14 residents and 15 radiologists participated in finalizing radiology reports. In AI-assisted reading, one resident and one radiologist reevaluated all subjects with the assistance of an AI system to locate and measure the detected lung nodules. A reading panel determined the type and number of detected lung nodules between these two methods.Results:In 860 participants (57±7 years), the reading panel confirmed 250 patients with >1 solid nodule, while radiologists observed 131, lower than 247 by AI-assisted reading (p<0.001). The panel confirmed 111 patients with >1 non-solid nodule, whereas radiologist observation identified 28, lower than 110 by AI-assisted reading (p<0.001). The accuracy and sensitivity of radiologist observation for solid nodules were 86.2% and 52.4%, lower than 99.1% and 98.8% by AI-assisted reading, respectively. These metrics were 90.4% and 25.2% for non-solid nodules, lower than 98.8% and 99.1% by AI-assisted reading, respectively.Conclusion:Comparing with the actual radiology reports, AI-assisted reading greatly improves the accuracy and sensitivity of nodule detection in chest CT, which benefits lung nodule detection, especially for non-solid nodules.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 2-imino-4-thiazolidinones as
Potential Antitumor Agents for Glioblastoma
Authors: Campos José Coan , Campos Patrick Teixeira , Bona Nathalia Pontes , Soares Mayara Sandrielly , Souza Priscila Oliveira , Braganhol Elizandra , Cunico Wilson , Siqueira Geonir Machado 
Published: August 2021

Aims:
The purpose of our study was to explore the molecular hybridization between 2-
imino-4-thizolidione and piridinic scaffolds and its potential antitumor activity.

Background:
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive glioma tumor clinically diagnosed malignant and
highly recurrent primary brain tumor type. The standard of treatment for a glioblastoma is surgery,
followed by radiation and chemotherapy using temozolomide. However, the chemoresistance has
become the main barrier to treatment success. 2-imino-4-thiazolidinones are an important class of
heterocyclic compounds that feature anticancer activity; however the antiglioblastoma activity is yet
to be explored.

Objective:
To synthesize and characterize a series of novel 2-imino-4-thiazolidinones and evaluate
their antiglioblastoma activity.

Method:
The 2-imino-4-thiazolidinone (5a-p) was synthesized according to the literature with modifications.
Compounds were identified and characterized using spectroscopic analysis and X-ray
diffraction. The antitumor activity was analyzed by 3-(4,5- dimethyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
(MTT) assay both in primary astrocyte and glioma (C6). Apoptosis and cell cycle phase were
determined by flow cytometry analysis. The expression of caspase-3/7 was measured by luminescence
assay. Oxidative stress parameters as: Determination of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Superoxide
Dismutase (SOD) activity, Catalase (CAT) activity and total sulfhydryl content quantification
were analyzed by colorimetric assays according to literature.

Results:
Among sixteen synthesized compounds, three displayed potent antitumor activities against
tested glioblastoma cell line showed IC50 values well below the standard drug temozolomide. Therefore,
compounds 5a, 5l and 5p were evaluated using cell cycle and death analysis, due to potent toxicity
(2.17±1.17, 6.24±0.59, 2.93±1.12μM, respectively) in C6 cell line. The mechanism of action
studies demonstrated that 5a and 5l induced apoptosis significantly increase the percentage of cells in
Sub-G1 phase in the absence of necrosis. Consistent with these results, caspase-3/7 assay revealed
that 5l presents pro-apoptotic activity due to the significant stimulation of caspases-3/7. Moreover,
5a, 5l and 5p increased antioxidant defense and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

Conclusion:
The compounds were synthesized with good yield and three of these presented (5a, 5l
and 5p) good cytotoxicity against C6 cell line. Both affected cell cycle distribution via arresting more
C6 cell line at Sub-G1 phase promoting apoptosis. Furthermore, 5a, 5l and 5p modulated redox status.
These findings suggest that these compounds can be considered as promising lead molecules for
further development of potential antitumor agents.