bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Archaeal and bacterial communities assembly and co-occurrence networks in subtropical mangrove sediments under Spartina alterniflora invasion
Authors: Chen Weidong , Wen Donghui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMangrove ecosystems are vulnerable due to the exoticSpartina alterniflora(S. alterniflora) invasion in China. However, little is known about mangrove sediment microbial community assembly processes and interactions underS. alterniflorainvasion. Here, we investigated the assembly processes and co-occurrence networks of the archaeal and bacterial communities underS. alterniflorainvasion along the coastlines of Fujian province, southeast China.ResultsAssembly of overall archaeal and bacterial communities was driven predominantly by stochastic processes, and the relative role of stochasticity was stronger for bacteria than archaea. Co-occurrence network analyses showed that the network structure of bacteria was more complex than that of the archaea. The keystone taxa often had low relative abundances (conditionally rare taxa), suggesting low abundance taxa may significantly contribute to network stability. Moreover,S. alterniflorainvasion increased bacterial and archaeal drift process (part of stochastic processes), and improved archaeal network complexity and stability, but decreased the network complexity and stability of bacteria. This could be attributed toS. alterniflorainvasion influenced microbial communities diversity and dispersal ability, as well as soil environmental conditions.ConclusionsThis study fills a gap in the community assembly and co-occurrence patterns of both archaea and bacteria in mangrove ecosystem underS. alterniflorainvasion. Thereby provides new insights of the plant invasion on mangrove microbial biogeographic distribution and co-occurrence network patterns.
Body coloration as a dynamic signal during intrasexual communication in a cichlid fish
Authors: John Leonie , Rick Ingolf P. , Vitt Simon , Thünken Timo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntrasexual competition over access to resources can lead to aggression between individuals. Because overt aggression, i.e. fights, can be costly for contestants, the communication of aggressive motivation prior to engagement in a physical fight is often mediated by conventional signals. Animals of various taxa, including fishes, display visual signals such as body coloration that can dynamically be adjusted depending on the individual’s motivation. Male individuals of the West African cichlidPelvicachromis taeniatusexpress a yellow body coloration displayed during courtship but also in an intrasexual competition context.ResultsWithin-individual variation in male yellow body coloration, as quantified with standardized digital photography and representation in a CIELab color space, was examined in a mating context by exposing males to a female and in a competitive intrasexual context, i.e. in a dyadic contest. Additionally, spectrometric reflectance measurements were taken to obtain color representations in a physiological color space based on spectral sensitivities of our model species. Exposure to females did not significantly affect male color expression. However, analysis of body coloration revealed a change in within-individual color intensity and colored area after interaction with a male competitor. In dominant males, extension of coloration was positively correlated with restrained aggression, i.e. displays, which in turn explained dominance established between the two contestants.ConclusionBody coloration in maleP. taeniatusis a dynamic signal that is used in concert with display behavior in communication during intrasexual competition.
Quality improvement of nursing on patients with complex cerebral arteriovenous malformation undergoing hybrid surgery: a prospective single-center study
Authors: Zhao Dong-Hong , Xue Rui , Sun Xiao-Rong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
We sought to explore an optimal clinical nursing mode following a hybrid surgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformation.

Methods
Patients with complex cerebral arteriovenous malformations seen in our neurosurgery department from January 2016 to December 2017 were prospectively enrolled. The hybrid surgery protocol included “angiographic diagnosis, surgical resection, and intraoperative angiographic evaluation” and “angiographic diagnosis and embolization, surgical resection, and intraoperative angiographic evaluation”. The patients were randomly stratified into intensive care group and routine care group. After surgery, intensive or routine care was provided, and the prognosis of patients was evaluated, with a subsequent comparative analysis.

Results
A total of 109 cases were divided into the routine nursing group (n = 54 cases) and intensive nursing group (n = 55 cases). There were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline data before surgery. Postoperative lung infection in the intensive nursing group was significantly less frequent than those in the routine nursing group (5.5% vs. 18.5%, P=0.039) with pulmonary infection and lower extremity venous thrombosis (5.5% vs. 24.1%, P=0.006). The average hospital stay in the intensive nursing group was 14.4 ± 5.78 days, which was significantly lower than that in the routine nursing group (19.3 ± 6.38 days, P=0.013). At 3 months’ follow-up after surgery, the Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74 (GQOLI-74) dimension score and GQOLI-74 total score in the enhanced group were significantly better than those in the routine nursing group (P=0.017 and 0.023, respectively).

Conclusions
Intensive postoperative nursing can improve the safety of patients after hybrid surgery, reduce the postoperative complications and the average length of hospital stay, and improve the quality of life of patients.
Explaining variance in perceived research misbehavior: results from a survey among academic researchers in Amsterdam
Authors: Haven Tamarinde , Tijdink Joeri , Martinson Brian , Bouter Lex , Oort Frans 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Concerns about research misbehavior in academic science have sparked interest in the factors that may explain research misbehavior. Often three clusters of factors are distinguished: individual factors, climate factors and publication factors. Our research question was: to what extent can individual, climate and publication factors explain the variance in frequently perceived research misbehaviors?

Methods
From May 2017 until July 2017, we conducted a survey study among academic researchers in Amsterdam. The survey included three measurement instruments that we previously reported individual results of and here we integrate these findings.

Results
One thousand two hundred ninety-eight researchers completed the survey (response rate: 17%). Results showed that individual, climate and publication factors combined explained 34% of variance in perceived frequency of research misbehavior. Individual factors explained 7%, climate factors explained 22% and publication factors 16%.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the perceptions of the research climate play a substantial role in explaining variance in research misbehavior. This suggests that efforts to improve departmental norms might have a salutary effect on behavior.
Usability testing to evaluate user experience on cyclers for automated peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Reitz Thore , Schwenke Stephanie , Hölzle Sebastian , Gauly Adelheid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
In the development of medical devices usability is an important aspect standing alongside performance and safety. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) can be provided by use of automated PD (APD), assisted by a cycler performing the solution exchanges. The present study has been executed to simulate training on APD cyclers to evaluate learnability and usability through established questionnaires.

Methods
Usability of two APD cyclers (sleep•safe harmony, Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany and HomeChoice Pro, Baxter International Inc., Deerfield (IL), USA) were evaluated with the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ), the NASA TLX Questionnaire, and the System Usability Scale (SUS), both after training and after experience sessions.

Results
Lay persons (n = 10) and health care personnel (HCPs, n = 11) participated in the study. The respondents consistently gave positive ratings in the UEQ after training and experience session. The ratings from the NASA TLX Questionnaire were mostly below 50 points indicating a low workload. Lay users and HCPs gave high ratings in the SUS evaluation both after the training and experience sessions confirming a good learnability and usability of the devices.

Conclusions
The usability study to assess learnability and use-related safety revealed consistent results with all applied instruments, which demonstrated good learnability and ease-of-use of the studied APD cyclers.
Effects of different day length and wind conditions to the seedling growth performance of Phragmites australis
Authors: Hong Mun Gi , Nam Bo Eun , Kim Jae Geun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
To understand shade and wind effects on seedling traits of common reed (Phragmites australis), we conducted a mesocosm experiment manipulating day length (10 h daytime a day as open canopy conditions or 6 h daytime a day as partially closed canopy conditions) and wind speed (0 m/s as windless conditions or 4 m/s as windy conditions).

Results
Most values of functional traits of leaf blades, culms, and biomass production of P. australis were higher under long day length. In particular, we found sole positive effects of long day length in several functional traits such as internode and leaf blade lengths and the values of above-ground dry weight (DW), rhizome DW, and total DW. Wind-induced effects on functional traits were different depending on functional traits. Wind contributed to relatively low values of chlorophyll contents, angles between leaf blades, mean culm height, and maximum culm height. In contrast, wind contributed to relatively high values of culm density and below-ground DW.

Conclusions
Although wind appeared to inhibit the vertical growth of P. australis through physiological and morphological changes in leaf blades, it seemed that P. australis might compensate the inhibited vertical growth with increased horizontal growth such as more numerous culms, indicating a highly adaptive characteristic of P. australis in terms of phenotypic plasticity under windy environments.
Reported disability in relation to observed activity limitation, grip strength and physical function in women and men with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bala Sidona-Valentina , Andersson Maria L. E. , Forslind Kristina , Svensson Björn , Hafström Ingiäld 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe self-reported Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) is specifically designed to assess disability in arthritic patients. In many studies women report higher functional disability than men. The reasons for this difference are suggested to be multifactorial. We therefore evaluated functional disability assessed by HAQ in women and men with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in relation to observed disability, grip force and physical function.MethodsPatients with RA, 51 women and 49 men, completed the HAQ on three occasions, some weeks apart. Between HAQ1 and HAQ2, all patients performed 17 of the 20 activities (7 domains) included in the HAQ under observation in a specially designed environment, the observed HAQ. During the same day, grip force, measured by GRIPPIT and physical function assessed by the SOFI (Signals of Functional Impairment) index were evaluated. Differences between groups were studied by the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Sign Rank test. Correlations were analysed by Spearman rank correlation. Comparisons between repeated measures were performed using Friedman’s test.ResultsMedian (IQR) total HAQ1 score was 0.50 (0.88) for women and 0.25 (0.84) for men,p = 0.038, and the observed HAQ score (7 domains) 0.57 (0.9) for women and 0.43 (0.96) for men,p = 0.292. The correlations between reported HAQ1 score (7 domains) and observed HAQ score were strong,r = 0.860,p < 0.001 in women, andr = 0.820,p < 0.001 in men. For some activities the patients, both women and men, reported lower difficulty than that observed. Women had lower grip force than men, median (IQR), right and left 126 (84) Newton, versus 238 (146),p < 0.001, and there was a negative correlation between grip force and most of the separate activities in HAQ in both genders. SOFI index was similar in women and men, median (IQR) 0 (3.0) versus 0 (2.0),p = 0.277, with a moderate correlation to HAQ.ConclusionsThe results indicate that in well-treated patients with RA the correlations between reported and observed HAQ scores were strong, similarly in women and men. We found no evidence that the patient’s opinion was dependent on unawareness of her/his own ability.
Efficiency of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) on the codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under controlled conditions
Authors: Yağci Mürşide , Özdem Ayşe , Erdoğuş F. Dolunay , Ayan Erdoğan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella (L). (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is an important pest of apple in Turkey and other apple producing countries in the world. Several control methods are available for reducing the pest populations. Entomopathogenic nematode (EPNs), for example, can be used as a potential alternative to chemical insecticides to control codling moth larvae in the soil as eco-friendly management their hosts that can actively find them in cryptic locations.

Results
Efficacy of 4 EPN isolates, Steinernema carpocapsae (Bakışlı), S. feltiae (ES-3), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (TOK-20) and H. bacteriophora (11-KG) for controlling the 1st instar larvae of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) was investigated under controlled laboratory conditions. Codling moth was susceptible to different rates to all the 4 EPN isolates. All nematode trials were more effective than the control (water). The overall mortality caused by S. carpocapsae (Bakışlı 05) was significantly higher than the other EPN species. S. carpocapsae was the most effective with the highest tested concentration (100 IJs/larva), killing 82.63% of codling moth larvae, followed by S. feltilae (ES-3), with a mortality rate of 71.5%. H. bacteriophora (TOK-20) exhibited the least mortality at 25 IJs/larva concentration in all experiments.

Conclusion
The study proved that these nematodes were very efficient and could be used to control codling moth in biological control programs.
Aspergillus flavus as a surprise space occupying lesion in an immunocompetent pediatric patient
Authors: Sajid Mir Ibrahim , Malik Noor , Balouch Samira S. , Bari Ehsan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Fungal infections of the CNS are almost always a clinical surprise. Aspergillus species although ubiquitous are more frequently observed in immuno-compromised individuals upon inhalation of conidia. Most of the fungal infections which happen in humans are opportunistic, mostly due to immunocompromised host.

Case description
We present the case of a 14-year-old boy who presented to the Emergency Department of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, with complaints of right-sided weakness of the body. This was a rapid-onset condition which was associated with gait disturbances and multiple episodes of vomiting. MRI head showed encapsulated Space Occupying Lesion with puss in the left frontal lobe with surrounding edema. The patient was planned for a craniotomy to remove an intracerebral abscess. Histopathology report revealed the presence of chronic granulomatous inflammation with necrosis and numerous septate hyphae. A fungus culture was run which confirmed the presence of heavy colonies of Aspergillus flavus.

Conclusion
Fungal infections of the central nervous system are almost always a clinical surprise, have a subtle presentation and mistaken often as meningitis, brain abscess, or tumor. Any suspected lesion once removed should be sent for biopsy to rule out the presence of any fungal infection.
Data and knowledge-driven named entity recognition for cyber security
Authors: Gao Chen , Zhang Xuan , Liu Hui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNamed Entity Recognition (NER) for cyber security aims to identify and classify cyber security terms from a large number of heterogeneous multisource cyber security texts. In the field of machine learning, deep neural networks automatically learn text features from a large number of datasets, but this data-driven method usually lacks the ability to deal with rare entities. Gasmi et al. proposed a deep learning method for named entity recognition in the field of cyber security, and achieved good results, reaching an F1 value of 82.8%. But it is difficult to accurately identify rare entities and complex words in the text.To cope with this challenge, this paper proposes a new model that combines data-driven deep learning methods with knowledge-driven dictionary methods to build dictionary features to assist in rare entity recognition. In addition, based on the data-driven deep learning model, an attention mechanism is adopted to enrich the local features of the text, better models the context, and improves the recognition effect of complex entities. Experimental results show that our method is better than the baseline model. Our model is more effective in identifying cyber security entities. The Precision, Recall and F1 value reached 90.19%, 86.60% and 88.36% respectively.
TKCA: a timely keystroke-based continuous user authentication with short keystroke sequence in uncontrolled settings
Authors: Yang Lulu , Li Chen , You Ruibang , Tu Bibo , Li Linghui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKeystroke-based behavioral biometrics have been proven effective for continuous user authentication. Current state-of-the-art algorithms have achieved outstanding results in long text or short text collected by doing some tasks. It remains a considerable challenge to authenticate users continuously and accurately with short keystroke inputs collected in uncontrolled settings. In this work, we propose a Timely Keystroke-based method for Continuous user Authentication, named TKCA. It integrates the key name and two kinds of timing features through an embedding mechanism. And it captures the relationship between context keystrokes by the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) network. We conduct a series of experiments to validate it on a public dataset - the Clarkson II dataset collected in a completely uncontrolled and natural setting. Experiment results show that the proposed TKCA achieves state-of-the-art performance with 8.28% of EER when using only 30 keystrokes and 2.78% of EER when using 190 keystrokes.
Bioactivities and ACE-inhibitory peptides releasing potential of lactic acid bacteria in fermented soy milk
Authors: Undhad Trupti J. , Das Sujit , Solanki Divyang , Kinariwala Dhvany , Hati Subrota 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the bioactivities such as β-glucosidase activity, α-galactosidase activity, and the growth behavior of the Lactobacillus cultures in soy milk medium. Ten Lactobacillus cultures were considered in this study. L. fermentum (M2) and L. casei (NK9) were selected due to their better α-galactosidase, β-glucosidase activity and growth behavior in soy milk medium during fermentation. Further, soy milk fermented with M2 showed higher proteolytic activity (0.67 OD) and ACE-inhibitory (48.44%) than NK9 (proteolytic activity: 0.48 OD and ACE-inhibitory activity: 41.33%). Bioactive peptides produced during the fermentation of soy milk using the selected Lactobacillus cultures were also identified with potent ACE-inhibitory activity by MALDI-TOF spectrometry, and the identified ACE inhibitory peptide sequences from fermented soy milk were characterized using Biopep database.

Graphical abstract
Measuring the long-term effects of informal science education experiences: challenges and potential solutions
Authors: Staus Nancy L. , Falk John H. , Price Aaron , Tai Robert H. , Dierking Lynn D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite the fact that most science learning takes place outside of school, little is known about how engagement in informal science learning (ISL) experiences affects learners’ knowledge, skill development, interest, or identities over long periods of time. Although substantial ISL research has documented short-term outcomes such as the learning that takes place during a science center visit, research suggests that the genuine benefits of informal experiences are long-term transformations in learners as they pursue a “cascade” of experiences subsequent to the initial educational event. However, a number of major methodological challenges have limited longitudinal research projects investigating the long-term effects of ISL experiences. In this paper we identify and address four key issues surrounding the critical but challenging area of how to study and measure the long-term effects or impacts of ISL experiences: attribution, attrition, data collection, and analytic approaches. Our objective is to provide guidance to ISL researchers wishing to engage in long-term investigations of learner outcomes and to begin a dialogue about how best to address the numerous challenges involved in this work.
HOTAIR expression and prognostic impact in acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Saad Rawda Ahmed Alaaeldin Ahmed Mohamed , Osman Amany Ahmed , Hassan Mona Fathey Abdel Fattah , Ibrahim Shereen Abdel Monem , El-Sakhawy Yasmin Nabil 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disorder characterized by a rapid onset of symptoms attributable to bone marrow failure due to clonal proliferation of primitive hematopoietic stem cells or progenitor cells. Epigenetic abnormalities play an important role in the development and progression of acute leukemia. Long non-coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA) plays an important role in epigenetic regulation. Homeobox (Hox) transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is a lncRNA which has been determined to be a negative prognostic indicator in various solid-tumor patients. However, its role in hematopoietic tumors as AML is to be assessed. This study aimed at measuring lncRNA HOTAIR expression level on bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells in newly diagnosed AML patients and correlating its expression with their outcome and different prognostic variables. This provides new prospective for a novel marker involved in development and progression of AML which can be used as a diagnostic marker and a target of therapy. The current study included 65 subjects divided into 35 newly diagnosed AML adult patients (before initiation of chemotherapy) and 30 non-leukemic adult patients who are candidates for BM aspiration for causes other than hematological malignancies as immune thrombocytopenic purpura and hypersplenism as controls. HOTAIR expression was measured on BM mononuclear cells by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Results
HOTAIR expression was found to be significantly upregulated in AML patients (probability (p) value = 0.000) and it can be used as a diagnostic biomarker of AML as confirmed by a significant difference between cases and controls using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. However, it was not significantly correlated with event free survival (EFS) or prognostic variables.

Conclusion
This study showed that the expression of HOTAIR is upregulated in de novo AML patients and can be used as a diagnostic marker. However, highly expressed HOTAIR is not associated with poor prognosis.