bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of swine adipose tissue monocytic lineage cells
Authors: Faris Richard J. , Walker-Daniels Jennifer , Jones Douglas E. , Spurlock Michael E. 
Published: June 2021

The incidence of obesity is growing in the United States and other developed countries. Macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue is a key characteristic of human obesity. Swine are increasingly used as biomedical models in obesity research due to physiologic similarities of many systems to those of humans. To examine the similarity of monocytic markers in adipose tissue and to further characterize the pig as a biomedical model with which to study obesity, flow cytometry was performed on stromal vascular cells from adipose tissue biopsies of Yorkshire cross pigs. Adipose tissue stromal vascular cells were 34.2% CD172a+ (monocyte) and 26.9% CD203a+(macrophage). The majority of both CD203a+ and CD172a+ cells were CD163+ (69.8% and 59.0%, respectively) and CD14+ (80.5% and 73.3%, respectively). To determine the effect of mild inflammation on adipose tissue macrophage infiltration, swine were injected intravenously with 50 ng/kg body weight lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS injection statistically increased the percentage of both CD203+ and CD172a+ cells in adipose tissue at 24 hours after injection. In conclusion, this study utilizes several cell surface markers to characterize the phenotype of monocytic lineage cells in swine adipose tissue and provides valuable data for future studies examining adipose tissue macrophages in obesity.Grant Funding Source : Internal Iowa State University
Effect of dietary fat on carbohydrate response element binding protein in a rat model of fatty liver and insulin resistance
Authors: Kuo Yu-Fu , Harper Marianna A. , Clarke Steven , Axen Kenneth , Axen Kathleen 
Published: June 2021

The effect of obesity and insulin resistance on content and translocation of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) was studied in dietary obese rats.MethodMale Sprague‐Dawley rats were separated into: LF (N=12) fed 55% carbohydrate: 15% fat (% kcal) and HF (N=8) fed 19% carbohydrate: 55% fat ad libitum for 8 weeks. Liver samples were collected from LF and HF after 20 h food deprivation (D) and then 3 h after oral glucose load (G). Liver protein extracts and homogenates, separated into cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions were analyzed by immunoblotting.ResultsIn the deprived state, total ChREBP was greater in HF than LF rats (P<0.05). However, after the glucose load the level of total ChREBP was increased in LF, but not HF rats, resulting in similar levels of total ChREBP in the two groups. In addition, both groups showed similar increases in nuclear ChREBP content after the glucose load.ConclusionHigher basal levels of ChREBP protein in the obese group suggest higher basal hepatic fat synthesis than in the lean group. Given that post‐glucose ChREBP protein content and nuclear translocation were similar in both groups, the increase in ChREBP‐stimulated fat synthesis by glucose may be greater in the LF vs. HF group.Grant number:1 SC3 GM086298‐01A1Grant Funding Source : SC3GM086298
Variability in results from predicted resting energy expenditure (PREE) as compared to measured resting energy expenditure (MREE) in Korean farmers
Authors: Tsani A. Fahmy Arif , Ko Su-Young , Yeon Seo-Eun , Kim Eun-Kyung 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare measured resting energy expenditure to results from energy predictive equations to identify the most accurate equation to use for Korean farmers. Subjects were 155 healthy farmers (49 males, 106 females) aged 26–67y. REE (MREE) was measured by indirect calorimetry during the busy farming season. Predicted REE (PREE) was calculated using the 12 equations (Harris‐Benedict, Schofield‐W, Schofield‐WH, WHO‐W, WHO‐WH, Owen, Mifflin, Cunningham, Liu, IMNA, Henry‐W, and Henry‐WH equation). MREE of male farmers was significantly different with of female (1679.2¡¾187.0 vs. 1321.0¡ ¾143.7 kcal/day). The validity of the equations was evaluated on basis of prediction accuracy, difference, RMSPE, % difference, and Bland‐Altman analyses. Measured and predicted energy expenditure were significantly correlated (P< .001 for all), but significantly different for all equations, except Schofield(W&WH), WHO(W&WH), and Henry(WH). The most accurate equation for Korean farmers was the Schofield(W) equation (prediction accuracy 75%, difference −7.4¡¾186.5 kcal/day, RMSPE 137.4 kcal/day, % difference 0.3%). Although PREE were significantly correlated with MREE, the discrepancies from existed equations could produce energy imbalance in Korean farmers, which may influence their productivity.This research was supported by Korean Rural Development Administration (RDA)
Comparison of predictive equations for resting energy expenditure (REE) in Chinese and Korean young adults
Authors: Tsani A. Fahmy Arif , Ko Su-Young , Yeon Seo-Eun , Kim Myung-Hee , Kim Eun-Kyung 
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of predictive equations for REE in Chinese and Korean young adults. Subjects were 96 healthy university students (47 Chinese, 49 Korean) aged 18–24y. REE (MREE) was measured by indirect calorimetry. Predicted REE (PREE) was calculated using the 7 equations (Harris‐Benedict, WHO‐WH, Schofield‐WH, Henry‐WH, Mifflin, Liu, and IOM equation). MREE of Chinese (1510.7¡¾231.6 kcal/day) was not significantly different with of Korean (1503.0¡¾307.8 kcal/day). The validity of the equations was evaluated on basis of prediction accuracy (the percentage of subjects predicted within 10% of the MREE), difference, RMSPE, % difference, and Bland‐Altman analyses. The most accurate for Chinese students was the IOM equation (prediction accuracy 96%, difference ‐1.0¡¾204.2 kcal/day, RMSPE 64.8 kcal/day, % difference 0.3%). Although the IOM equation was the most reliable in Korean students (difference −1.8¡¾245 kcal/day, RMSPE 115.7 kcal/day, % difference 1.2%), the prediction accuracy of the equation was only 63%. Thus, while Chinese and Korean are in the same region of Asia, they have different accuration in energy predictive equation, which may caused by different ethnicity.This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program, National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology.
Delta‐Tocotrienol enhances cisplatin‐induced inhibition of growth and invasion of Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Ji Xiangming , Gupta Smiti 
Published: June 2021

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among all cancers. Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80% of lung cancer with a five‐year survival rate of 16%. Although a subset of NSCLC patients benefit from the development of target therapies, cisplatin remains the standard chemotherapeutic drug. Previously, we demonstrated that delta‐tocotrienolinhibits NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion and induces apoptosis by down‐regulation of the Notch‐1 signaling pathway. The objective of this study was to investigate whether delta‐tocotrienol, a naturally occurring isoform of Vitamin E, could enhance the cisplatin‐induced inhibition of growth and invasion of NSCLCcells. Treatment of NSCLCcells with delta‐tocotrienoland cisplatin in combination resulted in a dose dependent inhibition of cell growth, cell migration, tumor cell invasiveness, and induction of apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Real‐time RT‐PCR and western blot analysis showed that antitumor activity by the combination of delta‐tocotrienol and cisplatin was associated with decreases in Notch‐1, Hes‐1, Survivin, and Bcl‐XLand increases in cleaved PARP, Caspase‐3 expressions. In addition, there was a decrease in NF‐κB‐DNA binding activity. These results suggest that down‐regulation of Notch‐1, via inhibition of NF‐κB signaling pathways by delta‐tocotrienol and cisplatin, could provide a potential novel approach for prevention of tumor progressionin non‐small cell lung cancer.This research was supported by funds provided by Wayne State University.Grant Funding Source: Wayne State University
A Comparison of Lycopene, Anthocyanins, and Proanthocyanidins Consumption between College Students and their Respective Older Generations Living in the Same Household
Authors: Li Kenneth , Tam Chick F 
Published: June 2021

Carotenoid (lycopene LC) and flavonoids (anthocyanins AN and proanthocyanidins PA) are effective antioxidants found in daily diets. 94 pairs of college students (CS) and their respective older generations (OG) living in the same household were recruited with their self‐reported three‐day dietary records to determine intakes of LC, AN, and PA. USDA National Nutrient Database for LC (2011) and for PA (2004) were employed to determine LC and PA contents. AN content was determined by Wu et al. (J. Agric Food Chem V.64, 2006). The variables, such as subjects’ BMIs and three day total energy intakes were used to determine the statistical correlations between the intakes of these three compounds and the variables. The results showed that CS consumed more LC and AN (LC: CS vs OG 4179.25 mcg ± S.E. 748.39 vs 2928.56 mcg ± S.E. 475.57 respectively, p=0.14) (AN: CS vs OG 92.95 mg ± S.E. 20.10 vs 57.69 mg ± S.E. 12.72 respectively, p=0.11) and CS consumed slightly lower PA than OG (CS vs OG 333.82 mg ± S.E 49.38 and 371.46 mg ± S.E 92.61 respectively, p=0.55) and no significant differences were found. Whereas there were no significant correlations were found between variables and these compounds, except there was a significant positive correlation found between LC consumption and three day total energy intakes in the CS (p=0.01) but not found significance in the OG (p=0.08). The adequate intakes of these compounds are important for their health.Grant Funding Source: Self‐support
Anti‐inflammatory Effects of 4′‐Hydroxy Nobiletin, the Major Metabolite of Nobiletin
Authors: WU XIAN , Guo Shanshan , Xu Guang , Zheng Jinkai , Xiao Hang 
Published: June 2021

Nobiletin, a citrus flavonoid has been associated with various biological activities including anti‐inflammation. We have found that 4′‐hydroxy nobiletin (4′HN) was a major colonic metabolite in mice fed with nobiletin, and the colonic levels of 4′HN were much higher than those of nobiletin. Herein, we studied anti‐in&# 64258;ammatory effects of 4′HN in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated RAW264.7 macrophages. Treatments of 4′HN at non‐cytotoxic concentrations dose‐dependently inhibited LPS‐induced nitric oxide production in macrophages. These inhibitory effects were much stronger than those produced by nobiletin. Western blot analysis showed that 4′HN drastically decreased protein expression levels of iNOS and COX‐2. Furthermore, 4′HN also inhibited LPS‐induced activation of Iκβ‐α, Akt and SAPK/JNK. Real‐time qRT‐PCR showed that 4′HN decreased mRNA levels of iNOS and COX‐2. Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1, an antioxidant enzyme) has been reported to suppress inflammatory responses. Our results demonstrated that 4′HN significantly increased the both protein and mRNA levels of HO‐1, which may contribute to its anti‐inflammatory effects. Overall our results demonstrated that 4′HN is a potent anti‐inflammatory colonic metabolite of nobiletin, which provide a scientific basis for using nobiletin as a nutraceutical ingredient to inhibit inflammation‐related diseases such as colitis and colon cancer.Grant Funding Source : NIH: CA139174, AICR: 10A044
Anti‐inflammatory action of Liriope platyphylla (LP) on LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage
Authors: Kim NaYeon , Kim Min Jee , Kim Mee Ree 
Published: June 2021

Liriope platyphylla (LP) is one of the well‐known herb use in eriental medicine for treatment asthma and bronchial and lung inflammation. In this study, we investigated the anti‐inflammatory effect of water extract of Liriope platyphylla (LP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammation using RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. And for induction of inflammation in macrophages, RAW 264.7 cells (1×104) were stimulated with 3 ug/ml of LPS for 24 hr. Treatment of LP was carried out 15 hr before LPS stimulation in splenic RAW 264.7 cells. Anti‐inflammatory effect of LP on LPS‐induces inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells was measured the level of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6 and TNF‐α), nitric oxide (NO) and PGE2 produced from LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment of LP suppressed the production of NO and pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐6 and TNF‐α from LPS‐treated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, treatment with LP showed a significant decrease of PGE2, another inflammation parameter. In RT‐PCR analysis, it was ascertained that LP down‐regulated the expression of mRNA for iNOS, IL‐6 and TNF‐α in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, LP inhibited the NF‐κB activation induced by LPS, which was associated with the abrogation of IκB degradation. Moreover, treatment of LP suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK. JNK and p38 MAP kinases in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cell. It was of significant that administration of LP suppressed LPS‐induced endotoxemia in an animal model using mice.These results show that LP is able to suppress the production of IL‐4 and IFN‐γ inhibit LPS‐induced inflammation of RAW 264.7 macrophages. The anti‐inflammatory effect of LP on RAW 264.7 cells might be attributed to the inhibition of the expression of NO and pro‐inflammatory cytokines through the down‐regulation of NF‐κB activation and MAP kinase phosphorylation in macrophages. These findings suggest a possibility that LP is a good candidate available for endotoxin‐induced inflammation by macrophages.
A comparison of Attitudes and Reports of Health‐Related Behavior of Type 2 Diabetes Patients between the United States and Mexico City
Authors: Veringa Eelco M.G. , Cháirez-Jiménez Carolina , Glasser Michael , Pérez-Lizaur Ana Bertha 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVEThe main purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of Mexican and United States patients with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in primary care settings.METHODSA cross‐sectional, cross‐national study was conducted from June 2008 to January 2011. A survey was sent to 1079 patients in the United States and 155 in Mexico City.RESULTSResponse rates were 17.1% (n=187) for United States participants versus 89.0% (n=138) in Mexico City. The Mexican population scored significantly worse on general health status with 48.9% reporting good health status compared to 72.0% in the United States (p<0.001). Percentages of patients who had an HbA1c test performed and also knew what it measures and reported a correct target value were respectively 38.0% and 68.2% (p<0.001). For patients from both countries, training of health care personnel and the patient value of tight control are correlated with better treatment satisfaction.CONCLUSIONMore frequent attention to HbA1c control in Mexico City and better patient knowledge are key factors in achieving better diabetes control in Mexico City, as well as better patient satisfaction in both countries.Grant Funding Source : Student Prize of the International Nutrition Council (INC)
Vitamin D supplementation results in higher numbers of Clostridium coccoides in the feces of female but not male mice with intestinal inflammation
Authors: Glenn Andrea J. , Fielding Kristina A. , Chen Jianmin C. , Comelli Elena M. , Ward Wendy E. 
Published: June 2021

Vitamin D may have immunomodulatory effects in the intestine and potential to target the gut microbiota. Our objective was to determine if exposure to supplemental levels of vitamin D mitigates intestinal inflammation in interkeukin‐10 knockout (IL‐10 KO) mice. Mice were randomized to a diet containing 25 IU (low levels) or 5000 IU (supplemental levels) of vitamin D/kg of diet in utero until necropsy at 3 months of age when colonic and fecal samples were collected. Colon inflammation severity and IL‐8 levels (males only) were assessed by histological analysis and ELISA, respectively, and fecal microbiota composition was determined by qPCR. Vitamin D had no effect on IL‐8 levels in males, or body weight and inflammation severity in either gender. Vitamin D had no effect on microbiota composition in males, but females in the supplemental group had higher (p<0.05) counts of Clostridium coccoides than females in the low group. All other bacteria measured were unaffected. Moreover, female mice had lower (p<0.05) colonic inflammation scores and more (p<0.05) C. coccoides than males. Clostridia are major butyrate producers and promote Treg cell activity in the colon. Therefore, vitamin D may favourably modulate microbiota composition without attenuating inflammation in female IL‐10 KO mice.Funding sources: Dairy Farmers of Canada, NSERC and Ontario Graduate Scholarship
Omega‐3 supplementation prevents intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the expansion of an intestinal pathobiont in IL10−/− mice
Authors: Devkota Suzanne , Leone Vanessa , Wang Yunwei , Musch Mark , Antonopoulos Dion , Chang Eugene 
Published: June 2021

The human microbiome of Western populations has changed over the past century, brought on by new environmental triggers that often have a negative impact on human health. Previously we showed consumption of a diet high in saturated (anhydrous milkfat‐derived) fat (MF) but not polyunsaturated (safflower oil‐derived)‐fat (PUFA) changes the conditions for microbial assemblage and promotes expansion of a rare, immunogenic, sulfite‐reducing pathobiont, Bilophila wadsworthia. This was associated with a proinflammatory TH1 immune response and development of colitis in genetically susceptible IL‐10−/− mice in both specific pathogen free (SPF) and germ‐free environments. The current study examines whether omega‐3 supplementation can attenuate the effect of the MF diet by reducing the bacterial load of B. wadsworthia and subsequent inflammation. SPF IL10−/− mice were adapted to either a low‐fat (LF), high saturated milk‐fat (MF), fish oil supplemented (FO), or safflower oil supplemented (SO) diets. All three high fat diets were isocaloric with fat comprising 37% total kcal, with the supplemented groups representing 32% MF + 5% FO or SO. After 10wk, 454 pyrosequencing of cecal contents and subsequent principal component analysis revealed colonic bacterial communities of mice on the FO diet were significantly different than those on MF and SO diets. Particularly noticeable was the decrease in abundance of B. wadsworthia in the FO treated mice. This observation was accompanied by reduced levels of IL‐6, IL‐17, IL12p70, and IFNγ, as well as reduced histological colitis scores compared to MF and SO fed mice. Together these data suggest omega‐3 supplementation may decrease risk for inflammatory bowel diseases by suppressing pro‐inflammatatory pathobionts such as B. wadsworthia. Supported by NIH F31.Grant Funding Source : NIH
Increased microvessel density in the pituitarires of pregnant women
Authors: Rotondo Fabio , Rotondo Angelo , Scheithauer Bernd W , Syro Luis V , Cusimano Michael , Kovacs Kalman 
Published: June 2021

Pituitary enlargement, development of pregnancy cells and prolactin cell hyperplasia are known to occur in pregnancy. In the present work, we assessed microvessel densities in the 20 pituitaries of pregnant women who passed away. Twenty pituitaries of age matched non‐pregnant women who died from non‐endocrine diseases were used as controls. The autopsy obtained pituitaries were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded. Slides were immunostained for adenohypophysial hormones and for CD‐34, an endothelial cell biomarker using the streptavidin‐biotin‐ peroxidase complex method. Microvessel densities were evaluated quantitatively in 10 random high‐ power fields. For statistical analysis, the chi‐square and Fisher exact tests were applied.The results confirmed that the pituitaries of pregnant women increased in weight and contained more PRL immunopositive cells compared to the controls. The formation of pregnancy cells was also evident. In the pituitaries of pregnant women compared to the control, microvessel densities were significantly higher. The cause of increased vascularity remains to be evaluated.This work was supported by the Jarislowsky and Lloyd Carr‐Harris Foundations.
The NAMPT Inhibitor FK866 Reverts The Damage In Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Esposito Emanuela , Impellizzeri Daniela , Mazzon Emanuela , Fakhfouric Gohar , Rahimian Reza , Travelli Cristina , Tron Gian Cesare , Genazzani Armando A , Cuzzocrea Salvatore 
Published: June 2021

Emerging data implicate nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) in the pathogenesis of cancer and inflammation. NAMPT inhibitors have proven beneficial in inflammatory animal models of arthritis and endotoxic shock as well as in autoimmune encephalitis. Given the role of inflammatory responses in spinal cord injury (SCI), the effect of NAMPT inhibitors was examined in this setting.We investigated the effects of the NAMPT inhibitor FK866 in an experimental compression model of SCI in mice. Twenty‐four hr following SCI, a significant functional deficit accompanied widespread edema, demyelination, neuron loss and a substantial increase in cytokines, PAR, NAMPT, Bax, MPO activity, NF‐κB activation, astrogliosis and microglial activation was observed. Meanwhile, levels of neurotrophins and anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 significantly decreased. Treatment with FK866 (10 mg/kg), the best characterized NAMPT inhibitor, at 1h and 6h after SCI rescued motor function, preserved prelesional gray and white matter, restored anti‐apoptotic and neurotrophic factors, prevented the activation of neutrophils, microglia and astrocytes and inhibited the elevation of NAMPT, PAR, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, Bax levels and NF‐κB activity. We show for the first time that FK866, administered after SCI, is capable of reducing the secondary inflammatory injury and partly reduce permanent damage. Our findings suggest that the inflammatory component associated to SCI is the primary target of these inhibitors.
Glucose infusion (3g/kg) increases nerve vascular conductance through an insulin‐mediated nitric oxide mechanism in rats
Authors: Olver T Dylan , Mattar Louis M , Grise Ken N , Twynstra Jasna , Lacefield James C , Noble Earl G , Shoemaker J Kevin 
Published: June 2021

We tested the hypothesis that acute hyperglycemia will reduce nerve vascular conductance (NVC) in rats. Sprague‐Dawley rats (N=25) were anaesthetised, blood pressure (MAP) was monitored with a pressure transducer and the left sciatic nerve was exposed from the dorsal side. Doppler ultrasound (40‐MHz: Vevo 2100 ‐ VisualSonics) was used to measure nerve blood flow velocity in an arterial segment along the nerve. Rats underwent one of four systemic intravenous glucose infusion protocols (1: 1g/kg body mass glucose; 2) 3g/kg glucose; 3) 3g/kg + 15mg/kg of L‐NAME and 4) 15mg/kg of L‐NAME alone + 3g/kg of glucose after 20min), as well as an isovolumetric saline infusion (saline did not affect NVC). An additional group was injected with streptozotocin (60mg/kg) with an insulin pellet implanted subcutaneously to produce a normoglycemic, non‐insulin responsive condition; these animals also underwent the 3g/kg glucose infusion. Relative to baseline 3g/kg increased (P<0.01) NVC (NBVF/MAP; ~ 125%). This dilation was blunted in the L‐NAME and non‐insulin responsive groups (both NS). Therefore, hyperglycemia‐induced increases in NVC appear to be mediated by an insulin‐stimulated NO mechanism.Funded by a CIHR