bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Follicular tissue fragments in fine‐needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes: A useful clue in differential diagnosis of follicular lymphoma and reactive follicular hyperplasia
Authors: Sasaki Yosuke , Kishimoto Koji , Homma Mayumi , Shiozawa Eisuke , Takimoto Masafumi , Yamochi‐Onizuka Toshiko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of lymph nodes, tissue fragments derived from follicular structures may be observed in specimens. We defined such tissue fragments as follicular tissue fragments (FTF), and investigated differences in cytological findings for FTFs of each histological type.MethodA total of 41 cases with FNAC of lymph nodes were examined. In these cases, the histopathological diagnoses were reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) (n = 17), follicular lymphoma (FL) (n = 13), diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (n = 18), and Burkitt lymphoma (n = 1). Specimens were analyzed for the presence of FTFs, and for tingible‐body macrophages (TBMs) and monomorphism of lymphocytes in FTFs. FTFs with a maximum diameter of >500 μm were defined as large‐FTFs.ResultsFTFs were identified in RLH (14/17, 82.4%), FL (13/13, 100%), and DLBCL (3/18, 16.7%). In the RLH subtypes, FTFs were present only in follicular hyperplasia (FH) (14/15, 93.3%) and not in paracortical hyperplasia (0/2). The number of cases with large FTFs among those with FTFs were as follows: RLH (10/14, 71.4%), FL (11/13, 84.6%), and DLBCL (0/3). Similarly, those with TBMs in FTFs were as follows: RLH (13/14, 92.9%), FL (0/13) and DLBCL (2/3, 66.7%). Monomorphism was observed in RLH (1/14, 7.1%) and FL (11/13, 84.6%), but not in DLBCL (0/3).ConclusionsDistinction between FL and FH is possible by identifying large‐FTFs. In FL, TBMs are absent in FTFs and lymphocytes often show monomorphism. Therefore, recognizing FTFs and observing details inside the FTFs are useful for identification and differential diagnosis of FL and FH in FNAC of lymph nodes.
Community‐wide seasonal shifts in thermal tolerances of mosquitoes
Authors: Oliveira Brunno F. , Yogo Wendtwoin I. G. , Hahn Daniel A. , Yongxing Jiang , Scheffers Brett R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe broadening in species’ thermal tolerance limits and breadth from tropical to temperate latitudes is proposed to reflect spatial gradients in temperature seasonality, but the importance of seasonal shifts in thermal tolerances within and across locations is much less appreciated. We performed thermal assays to examine the maximum and minimum critical temperatures (CTmax and CTmin, respectively) of a mosquito community across their active seasons. Mosquito CTmin tracked seasonal shifts in temperature, whereas CTmax tracked a countergradient pattern with lowest heat tolerances in summer. Mosquito thermal breadth decreased from spring to summer and then increased from summer to autumn. We show a temporal dichotomy in thermal tolerances with thermal breadths of temperate organisms in summer reflecting those of the tropics (“tropicalization”) that is sandwiched between a spring and autumn “temperatization.” Therefore, our tolerance patterns at a single temperate latitude recapitulate classical patterns across latitude. These findings highlight the need to understand the temporal and spatial components of thermotolerance variation better, including plasticity and rapid seasonal selection, and the potential for this variation to affect species responses to climate change. With summers becoming longer and increasing winter nighttime temperatures, we expect increasing tropicalization of species thermal tolerances in both space and time.
Carolina critters: a collection of camera‐trap data from wildlife surveys across North Carolina
Authors: Lasky Monica , Parsons Arielle W. , Schuttler Stephanie G. , Hess George , Sutherland Ron , Kalies Liz , Clark Staci , Olfenbuttel Colleen , Matthews Jessie , Clark James S. , Siminitz Jordan , Davis George , Shaw Jonathan , Dukes Casey , Hill Jacob , Kays Roland 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCamera trap surveys are useful to understand animal species population trends, distribution, habitat preference, behavior, community dynamics, periods of activity, and species associations with environmental conditions. This information is ecologically important, because many species play important roles in local ecosystems as predators, herbivores, seed dispersers, and disease vectors. Additionally, many of the larger wildlife species detected by camera traps are economically important through hunting, trapping, or ecotourism. Here we present a data set of camera‐trap surveys from 6,043 locations across all 100 counties of North Carolina, USA from 2009 to 2019. These data come from 26 survey initiatives and contain 215,108 records of 36 mammal species and three species of terrestrial birds. This large data set increases the geographical distribution data for these 39 mammal and bird species by >500% over what is available for North Carolina in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). These data can be used to conduct inquiries about species, populations, communities, or ecosystems, and to produce useful information on wildlife behavior, distribution, and interactions. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this paper when using the data for publication.
Feasibility study of a hybrid grid‐tied photovoltaic‐wave system on the shores of Persian Gulf
Authors: Arabzadeh Saheli Mahdieh , Lari Kamran , Salehi Gholamreza , Torabi Azad Masoud 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe application of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) has been gaining ground in the recent years due to low‐carbon policies of nations and increasing energy demand. However, marine energy sources such as waves have remained untapped notwithstanding their significant potential particularly in Iran. Iran has significant wave and energy resources, which can be exploited to overcome the energy crisis in the country. In this regard, this research examines the feasibility of a 15 kW hybrid wave‐photovoltaic system in three ports of Iran namely Chabahar, Bushehr and Bandar Abbas on the shores of Persian Gulf and Oman Gulf using MATLAB/Simulink. Oscillating water column converters are deployed to harvest the wave energy. The findings indicated that the maximum energy production occurs in April for Chabahar and Bandar Abbas, and in July for Bushehr, while the minimum is in December for all the locations under study. The annual energy generation reaches 524, 506 and 520 kWh in Chabahar, Bandar Abbas and Bushehr, respectively. The levelized cost of electricity was estimated at 128 $/kWh for Bandar Abbas, 125 $/kWh for Bushehr and 124 $/kWh for Chabahar, indicating that Chabahar is the optimal location for the installation of the proposed system.
Investigation of performance of cobalt oxide (CoO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) attached to carbon nanotube (6, 0) as electrode of metal‐ion batteries: A theoretical study
Authors: Wang Jiejia , Jia Junrui , Ge Caopeng , Naseri Mohsen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHere, abilities of CNT, CNT‐CoO and CNT‐TiO2 as anodes in LIB and NIB are investigated. Results stated that the top carbon atom in CNT is more stable site to attach the CoO and TiO2 on CNT surface. The ΔG and Vcell of Li and Na on CNT and CNT‐CoO and CNT‐TiO2 surfaces are calculated. It can be concluded that the Vcell and capacity values of LIBs are higher than NIBs. Results indicated that the attached metal oxide/dioxide (CoO and TiO2) to CNT can improve the Vcell and capacity of LIB and NIB, efficiently. Finally, results presented that the CNT‐TiO2 is proposed as new anodes material in batteries.
When are instruments generated from geographic characteristics in bilateral relationships invalid?
Authors: Deij Sabine , Madsen Jakob B. , Puzzello Laura 
Published: April 2021

SummaryIn their highly influential paper, “Does Trade Cause Growth?,” Frankel and Romer estimate a trade equation to predict bilateral trade shares, which are in turn aggregated to construct an instrument for trade openness in income regressions. The Frankel‐Romer approach has gained widespread popularity as a method to generate instruments for trade and many other outcome variables from estimated bilateral relationships. In this paper, we show analytically and empirically that the Frankel–Romer instrument gives inconsistent estimates for the effect of trade on income when fitted values for zero and missing bilateral shares are omitted from the instrument. This leads to a violation of the exclusion restriction because the instrument captures the endogenous variation in the observed probability that countries engage in bilateral trade, as reflected in the number of observed trading partners. This violation disappears when predicted bilateral shares for all observed and unobserved bilateral trade relationships are included in the instrument for trade openness.
Hepato‐protective role of chemo‐preventive probiotics during DMH‐induced CRC in rats
Authors: Walia Sohini , Kamal Rozy , Kanwar Sarbjit S. , Dhawan Devinder K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the hepatotoxicity, and therefore pharmacological safety of probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum (AdF10) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) for potential use in colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention. Thirty‐six female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into six groups: normal control, AdF10‐treated, LGG‐treated, 1,2‐Dimethyl hydrazine (DMH)‐treated, AdF10 + DMH‐treated, and LGG + DMH‐treated groups. Antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid proxidation, and liver function were assessed. Administration of probiotics in both AdF10 + DMH‐treated and LGG + DMH‐treated groups downregulated DMH induced a rise in lipid peroxide (LPO), glutathione reductase (GR) activity, and increased the diminished glutathione reduced (GSH) content and catalase (CAT), glutathione‐transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. DMH‐treated rats receiving the probiotic treatment suffered less liver damage when compared with rats that did not receive probiotics. In conclusion, the study identifies the use of probiotics as an effective and nontoxic chemo‐preventive interventional in CRC.
Bacterial resistance to minocycline after adjunctive minocycline microspheres during periodontal maintenance: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Teles Flavia R. F. , Lynch Michael C. , Patel Michele , Torresyap Gay , Martin Lynn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite widespread use, the impact of minocycline hydrochloride microspheres on the shifts of oral bacterial species resistant to minocycline remains unknown. This study aimed at examining the percentage and taxonomy of minocycline‐resistant isolates in saliva and subgingival plaque samples before and after minocycline microspheres application in periodontitis patients during maintenance.MethodsPatients received supra‐ and sub‐gingival debridement with (test) or without (control) minocycline microspheres application to sites with probing depth >4 mm and were clinically monitored at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months. Samples were collected at baseline, 1 and 6 months and analyzed via cultivation with or without 4 μg/mL minocycline. Percentage of resistant strains was determined by colony counting and taxonomy by checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization. Significant clinical changes were sought with the Mann‐Whitney test and differences in percentage of resistant isolates with the Friedman and Mann‐Whitney tests.ResultsGroups showed similar clinical improvements. Mean percentage of resistant isolates rose at 1 month and decreased at 6 months in saliva and plaque samples in test group (P <0.05) but remained unchanged in control group. Percentage of resistant isolates of Gemella morbillorum and Eubacterium saburreum increased significantly at 6 months in both groups. Antibiotic resistance by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis was either absent or infrequent.ConclusionMinocycline microspheres result in transient selection of minocycline resistant species in saliva and subgingival plaque samples.
The disclosure slide—Informative or obligatory, 5 years of SSO Cancer Symposium oral presentations
Authors: Merritt William , Robergé Bouchard David , Ford Candice , Lozano Alicia , Xu Yang , Hanlon Alexandra , Petrelli Nicholas , Tiesi Gregory 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundFinancial disclosure (FD) highlights potential conflicts of interest but is often overlooked at academic conferences.MethodsRetrospective review of 2015–2019 Society of Surgical Oncology Cancer Symposium oral presentation slide and/or verbal FD frequency, duration, and content.ResultsOf 963 presentations, 331 (34%) omitted disclosure slide/verbalization. 575 (60%) included a slide, 551 (57%) gave verbal disclosure and 133 (14%) stated relevance. 164 presentations (17%) cited 1 + FD. 2019 had greater median FDs/talk than 2015–2018 (3.50 vs. 2.00; p = .010).Compared to 2015–2018, 2019 yielded shorter median slide display of all disclosures (2.00 s vs. 2.47 s; p = .006), median 1 + FD display (3.37 s vs. 4.81 s; p = .04) and median 1 + FD verbalization (2.81 s vs. 3.66 s; p = .54). 2019 all disclosure verbalization increased (1.97 s vs. 1.14 s; p < .001).Multivariable modeling showed longer display with 2015–2018 (+1.3 s, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.06 to 2.5 s, p = .04), <4 authors (+3.2 s, 95% CI: 2.1–4.3 s; p < .001) and longer verbalization with 2019 (+0.8 s, 95% CI: 0.2–1.4 s; p = .01), relevance (+1.0 s, 95% CI: 0.4–1.6 s; p = .002), ≤ 4 authors (+0.8 s, 95% CI: 0.3–1.3 s, p < .001) and noncommercial FD (+3.8 s, 95% CI: 2.0–5.0 s; p < .001).The five most cited commercial entities were in 39% of talks.ConclusionPresenters' FDs were brief or omitted. Despite FD increase, disclosure time decreased. Improved FD attention will highlight potential COIs.
Low‐dose preoperative radiation, resection, and reduced‐field postoperative radiation for soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Konieczkowski David J. , Goldberg Saveli I. , Raskin Kevin A. , Lozano‐Calderon Santiago , Mullen John T. , Chen Yen‐Lin , DeLaney Thomas F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRadiotherapy (RT) enables conservative surgery for soft tissue sarcoma (STS). RT can be delivered either pre‐operatively (PreRT) or postoperatively (PORT), yet in some patients, neither approach is fully satisfactory (e.g., urgent surgery or wound healing risk prevents PreRT, yet PORT alone cannot cover the entire surgical field). We hypothesized that, in such situations, low‐dose PreRT (LD‐PreRT) would decrease the risk of intraoperative tumor seeding and thus permit PORT to a reduced volume (covering the high‐risk tumor bed but not all surgically manipulated tissues).MethodsWe identified a single‐institution retrospective cohort of 78 patients treated with LD‐PreRT (10–30 Gy), resection, and PORT between 1980 and 2018.ResultsAt a median follow‐up of 8.2 years, 8‐year overall survival (OS) was 65.9%, disease‐free survival (DFS) 50.5%, and local control (LC) 76.7%; in 45 patients with extremity/superficial trunk (E/ST) STS, 8‐year LC was 80.9%. Both before and after propensity score adjustment, there were no differences in OS, DFS, or LC between this cohort and a separate cohort of 394 STS (221 E/ST‐STS) patients treated with surgery and PORT alone.ConclusionsIn patients for whom neither PreRT nor PORT alone is optimal, LD‐PreRT may prevent intraoperative tumor seeding and enable PORT to a reduced volume while preserving oncologic outcomes.
Optimizing the frame duration for data‐driven rigid motion estimation in brain PET imaging
Authors: Spangler‐Bickell Matthew G. , Hurley Samuel A. , Deller Timothy W. , Jansen Floris , Bettinardi Valentino , Carlson Mackenzie , Zeineh Michael , Zaharchuk Greg , McMillan Alan B. 
Published: April 2021

PurposeData‐driven rigid motion estimation for PET brain imaging is usually performed using data frames sampled at low temporal resolution to reduce the overall computation time and to provide adequate signal‐to‐noise ratio in the frames. In recent work it has been demonstrated that list‐mode reconstructions of ultrashort frames are sufficient for motion estimation and can be performed very quickly. In this work we take the approach of using image‐based registration of reconstructions of very short frames for data‐driven motion estimation, and optimize a number of reconstruction and registration parameters (frame duration, MLEM iterations, image pixel size, post‐smoothing filter, reference image creation, and registration metric) to ensure accurate registrations while maximizing temporal resolution and minimizing total computation time.MethodsData from 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 18F‐florbetaben (FBB) tracer studies with varying count rates are analyzed, for PET/MR and PET/CT scanners. For framed reconstructions using various parameter combinations interframe motion is simulated and image‐based registrations are performed to estimate that motion.ResultsFor FDG and FBB tracers using 4 × 105 true and scattered coincidence events per frame ensures that 95% of the registrations will be accurate to within 1 mm of the ground truth. This corresponds to a frame duration of 0.5–1 sec for typical clinical PET activity levels. Using four MLEM iterations with no subsets, a transaxial pixel size of 4 mm, a post‐smoothing filter with 4–6 mm full width at half maximum, and averaging two or more frames to create the reference image provides an optimal set of parameters to produce accurate registrations while keeping the reconstruction and processing time low.ConclusionsIt is shown that very short frames (≤1 sec) can be used to provide accurate and quick data‐driven rigid motion estimates for use in an event‐by‐event motion corrected reconstruction.
Multi‐objective optimization of wear performance of epoxy composites by gray‐based response surface methodology
Authors: Dharmalingam Satish Kumar , Murugesan Rajmohan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study is to optimize the tribological performances of epoxy (plain), composite of epoxy/strand mat E‐glass fiber, and hybrid composite of epoxy/strand mat E‐glass fiber/carbon (particles). Experiments are carried with respect to central composite design in response surface methodology. Input parameters like speed (N), load (L), sliding distance (D) along with three different samples (S) were considered for the study. Gray relational analysis based on response surface design method is embraced to identify optimal parameters for attaining minimum weight loss and minimum coefficient of friction. According to this study, epoxy/E‐glass fiber/carbonp composite were found to have good wear resistance as well as lower coefficient of friction.
Prenatal exposure to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and risk of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A follow‐up study in the Norwegian mother, father and child cohort
Authors: Hjorth Sarah , Lupattelli Angela , Handal Marte , Spigset Olav , Ystrom Eivind , Nordeng Hedvig 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeTo estimate the association between Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children in preschool and primary school, and prenatal exposure to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by timing and duration.MethodsThis study was based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study linked to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR) and the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD). NSAID exposure was identified by maternal self‐report in pregnancy. Child diagnosis of ADHD was obtained from NPR and NorPD. Symptoms of ADHD at age 5 years were measured using Conners' Parent Rating Scale‐Revised, where higher scores correspond to more symptoms. To account for time‐varying exposure and confounders, marginal structural models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios and mean difference in z‐scores.ResultsThe analyses on ADHD diagnosis and ADHD symptoms included 56 340 and 34 961 children respectively. Children exposed to NSAIDs prenatally had no increased risk of ADHD diagnosis (first trimester: HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.86;1.45, second trimester: HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.69;1.38, third trimester: HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.31; 1.46) or ADHD symptoms (first trimester: standardized mean difference 0.03, 95% CI −0.03;0.09, second trimester: standardized mean difference 0.03, 95% CI −0.04;0.11, third trimester: standardized mean difference 0.11, 95% CI −0.03; 0.25). There was no duration‐response relationship for either outcome.ConclusionThough non‐differential misclassification of the exposure may have attenuated results, these findings are reassuring and suggest no substantially increased risk of ADHD diagnosis or symptoms in children prenatally exposed to NSAIDs, regardless of timing or duration.
Knee extensor power predicts six‐minute walk test performance in people with transfemoral amputations
Authors: Slater Lindsay , Finucane Suzanne , Hargrove Levi J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundLower‐limb amputees have increased metabolic costs during walking that may be mitigated by maintaining quadriceps strength and power following amputation. However, there are no current studies investigating the relationship between thigh strength and walking performance in individuals with transfemoral amputation.ObjectiveTo quantify the relationship between intact limb quadriceps strength in transfemoral amputees and six‐minute walk test (6MWT) performance.DesignDescriptive laboratory study.SettingLaboratory.ParticipantsEleven participants with unilateral transfemoral amputations from trauma or osteosarcoma (4 women/7 men, 46.21 ± 12.68 years old, 28.24 ± 20.57 years following amputation).InterventionsStrength and power testing on the intact limb followed by 6MWT with a flowmeter to measure oxygen uptake (VO2).Main Outcome MeasuresStrength included mass‐normalized peak torque, average torque, and average power. 6MWT measures included total distance traveled and VO2 normalized to distance and mass. Significant correlations (P ≤ .05) were retained for a regression analysis.ResultsPeak isokinetic knee extensor torque was correlated with total VO2 (r = −.60, P = .05) and distance traveled (r = .84, P = .001). Average isokinetic knee extensor torque was correlated with total VO2 (r = −.61, P = .046) and distance traveled (r = .85, P = .001). Average knee extensor power was correlated with total VO2 (r = −.67, P = .026) and distance traveled (r = .88, P < .001). Peak isometric knee extensor torque was correlated with distance traveled (r = .69, P = .019). Average power explained 77.2% of the variance in distance traveled during the 6MWT (P < .001) and average power explained 44.2% of the variance in total VO2 during the 6MWT (P = .026).ConclusionsKnee extensor strength was correlated with performance on the 6MWT in individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation. The strongest relationship was between isokinetic quadriceps power and distance traveled, which suggests that developing quadriceps power in the intact limb following amputation may be an important factor to reduce metabolic cost of walking and support a return to an active lifestyle.