bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncologic outcomes among Black and White men with grade group 4 or 5 (Gleason score 8‐10) prostate cancer treated primarily by radical prostatectomy
Authors: Wilkins Lamont J. , Tosoian Jeffrey J. , Reichard Chad A. , Sundi Debasish , Ranasinghe Weranja , Alam Ridwan , Schwen Zeyad , Reddy Chandana , Allaf Mohammed , Davis John W. , Chapin Brian F. , Ross Ashley E. , Klein Eric A. , Nyame Yaw A. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to describe pathologic and short‐term oncologic outcomes among Black and White men with grade group 4 or 5 prostate cancer managed primarily by radical prostatectomy.MethodsThis was a multi‐institutional, observational study (2005‐2015) evaluating radical prostatectomy outcomes by self‐identified race. Descriptive analysis was performed via nonparametric statistical testing to compare baseline clinicopathologic data. Univariable and multivariable time‐to‐event analyses were performed to assess biochemical recurrence (BCR), metastasis, cancer‐specific mortality (CSM), and overall survival between Black and White men.ResultsIn total, 1662 men were identified with grade group 4 or 5 prostate cancer initially managed by radical prostatectomy. Black men represented 11.3% of the cohort (n = 188). Black men were younger, demonstrated a longer time from diagnosis to surgery, and were at a lower clinical stage (all P < .05). Black men had lower rates of pT3/4 disease (49.5% vs 63.5%; P < .05) but higher rates of positive surgical margins (31.6% vs 26.5%; P = .14) on pathologic evaluation. There was no difference in BCR, CSM, or overall survival over a median follow‐up of 40.7 months. Black men had a lower 5‐year cumulative incidence of metastasis‐free survival (93.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 86.5%‐97.0%) in comparison with White men (85.8%; 95% CI, 83.1%‐88.0%), which did not persist in an age‐adjusted analysis.ConclusionsBlack and White men with high‐grade prostate cancer at diagnosis demonstrated similar oncologic outcomes when they were managed by primary radical prostatectomy. Our findings suggest that racial disparities in prostate cancer mortality are not related to differences in the efficacy of extirpative therapy.
Colour associations and consumer product‐colour purchase decisions
Authors: Yu Luwen , Westland Stephen , Chen Yun , Li Zhenhong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article describes a conceptual framework for understanding consumer product‐colour purchase decisions. Building on previous work, a new primary factor, colour association, is introduced. The purpose of this study is to test whether consumers' colour‐associations connect with their product‐colour association, and whether colour‐association affects consumers' intended product‐colour purchase decisions. The study used two research activities (a laboratory experiment and an interview) and two research methods (multiple choice for 6‐alternative‐forced‐choice and multiple choice for rank‐order) to investigate which colour a participant would choose if asked to select a product to purchase when there is a range of colours available. Participants were also asked to provide a reason for their decisions. The study finds that the stronger a participant's preference for a colour, the more likely they are to purchase a product in that colour. The data from interviews suggests that, for some of the products tested, participants are highly influenced by the colour association that they would purchase a product‐colour on their one of the colour association than other colours. The updated conceptual framework suggests that the colour association factor could be one of the product‐colour decision primary factors that influence consumer product‐purchase intentions in the absence of consumer personal colour preferences.
Crystallographic and Theoretical Evidences of Anion⋅⋅⋅Anion Interaction
Authors: Wysokiński Rafał , Zierkiewicz Wiktor , Michalczyk Mariusz , Scheiner Steve 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlanar (HgCl3)− anions are stacked fairly closely together in a slipped parallel arrangement within several crystal structures. Quantum chemical analysis shows evidence of strong noncovalent spodium bonds between the Hg π‐hole of one unit and the Cl atom of an adjacent unit. Anion⋅⋅⋅anion spodium bonds work in tandem with crystal packing forces.
Quantitative Assessment of Labeling Probes for Super‐Resolution Microscopy Using Designer DNA Nanostructures
Authors: Ganji Mahipal , Schlichthaerle Thomas , Eklund Alexandra S. , Strauss Sebastian , Jungmann Ralf 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImproving labeling probes for state‐of‐the‐art super‐resolution microscopy is becoming of major importance. However, there is currently a lack of tools to quantitatively evaluate probe performance regarding efficiency, precision, and achievable resolution in an unbiased yet modular fashion. Herein, we introduce designer DNA origami structures combined with DNA‐PAINT to overcome this issue and evaluate labeling efficiency, precision, and quantification using antibodies and nanobodies as exemplary labeling probes. Whereas current assessment of binders is mostly qualitative, e. g. based on an expected staining pattern, we herein present a quantitative analysis platform of the antigen labeling efficiency and achievable resolution, allowing researchers to choose the best performing binder. The platform can furthermore be readily adapted for discovery and precise quantification of a large variety of additional labeling probes.
Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of EAB‐Type Zeolite under Static Synthesis Conditions
Authors: Hagio Takeshi , Park Jae‐Hyeok , Lin Yan , Tian Yanqin , Hu Yun Hang , Li Xinling , Kamimoto Yuki , Ichino Ryoichi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConventionally, EAB‐type zeolites are crystallized by hydrothermal synthesis for many days under agitational synthesis conditions such as rotation or stirring. In the present study, EAB‐type zeolite is obtained by hydrothermal synthesis within 12 h under static synthesis conditions for the first time. The effects of crystallization temperature, aging of the precursor sol, and addition of seed crystals are investigated. The results reveal that EAB‐type zeolite can be obtained when using a precursor sol with short aging time followed by hydrothermal synthesis in a very narrow temperature range 110 °C−120 °C under static synthesis condition. Addition of seed crystals is found to suppress the formation of SOD‐type zeolite, the primary phase at high hydrothermal synthesis temperatures, while it does not increase the crystallization rate of EAB‐type zeolite. Furthermore, the crystallization behavior at 120 °C is examined by varying the synthesis time. EAB‐type zeolite with invariably twinned plate‐like morphology starts to crystallize between synthesis time of 3 to 6 h at 120 °C under the static synthesis condition.
Formation and Phase Selection of CaCO3 in the Intervention of Lignin Monomer Model Compounds
Authors: Hu Huifeng , Liang Fugen , Zhu Haidong , Zhang Xiumei , Cui Kecong , Deb Hridam , Zhang Yong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe single crystal form and uncontrollable topography of CaCO3 in nature severely restrict its product grade and application. Meanwhile, lignin is still not utilized efficiently. In order to improve this, three types of lignin monomer model compounds as p‐coumaric acid (PCA), ferulic acid (FA), and sinapic acid (SA) are employed to induce the growth of CaCO3 to investigate the relationship between lignin structure and CaCO3 crystallization. The synthesized PCA and CaCO3 composite crystals (PC‐ACCs), FA and CaCO3 composite crystals (F‐ACCs), and SA and CaCO3 composite crystals (S‐ACCs) are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to ascertain their molecular structures and crystal information. The growth rule of the acid and CaCO3 composite crystals (ACCs) induced by the three units is also explored. The results show that the vaterite and calcite of ACCs can be formed selectively. In the presence of PCA, FA, and SA, pH is the key factor on the phase selection of ACCs. The temperature and organic acid type also play important roles on the formation of CaCO3. The ACCs present distinguishing surface topographies at different temperatures. The number of methoxyl in the PCA, FA, and SA decides the phase ratio of vaterite and calcite in the ACCs.
Threshold‐type memristor‐based memory circuit
Authors: Li Qingjian , Liang Yan , Lu Zhenzhou , Wang Guangyi 
Published: March 2021

SummaryMemory is of central importance to the research of high‐level cognitive behaviors of humans, where the plastic synapse contributes to the memory formation. Due to the controllable conductance and high‐density integration, the memristor acts as a promising candidate of artificial synapse. In terms of memory retention time, memory contains short‐term memory (STM) and long‐term memory (LTM). Additionally, the STM can be changed to the LTM via repeated learning, and this process is called memory consolidation. A threshold‐type memristor combined with basic operational circuits is used to design a memory circuit that can emulate various memory hierarchy levels containing the STM, the LTM, and the STM‐to‐LTM transition. Threshold firing behavior can also be emulated because of the threshold characteristic of the memristor. Furthermore, a floating emulator circuit that consists of several off‐the‐shelf devices is developed to mimic the electrical behaviors of the threshold‐type memristor, and its hardware circuit implementation is presented. Finally, both simulation and experimental results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed memory circuit.
Prophylactic antigen‐specific T‐cells targeting seven viral and fungal pathogens after allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Gottlieb David Jonathan , Clancy Leighton Edward , Withers Barbara , McGuire Helen Marie , Luciani Fabio , Singh Mandeep , Hughes Brendan , Gloss Brian , Kliman David , Ma Chun Kei Kris , Panicker Shyam , Bishop David , Dubosq Ming‐Celine , Li Ziduo , Avdic Selmir , Micklethwaite Kenneth , Blyth Emily 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesAdoptive immunotherapy using donor‐derived antigen‐specific T‐cells can prevent and treat infection after allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).MethodsWe treated 11 patients with a prophylactic infusion of 2 × 107 cells per square metre donor‐derived T‐cells targeting seven infections (six viral and one fungal) following HSCT. Targeted pathogens were cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), adenovirus, varicella zoster virus, influenza, BK virus (BKV) and Aspergillus fumigatus.ResultsT‐cell products were successfully generated in all patients with 10 products responsive to 6 or 7 infections. T‐cell infusions were associated with increases in antigen‐experienced activated CD8+ T‐cells by day 30. CMV, EBV and BKV reactivation occurred in the majority of patients and was well controlled except where glucocorticoids were administered soon after T‐cell infusion. Three patients in that circumstance developed CMV tissue infection. No patient required treatment for invasive fungal infection. The most common CMV and EBV TCR clonotypes in the infusion product became the most common clonotypes seen at day 30 post‐T‐cell infusion. Donors and their recipients were recruited to the study prior to transplant. Grade III/IV graft‐versus‐host disease developed in four patients. At a median follow‐up of 390 days post‐transplant, six patients had died, 5 of relapse, and 1 of multi‐organ failure. Infection did not contribute to death in any patient.ConclusionRapid reconstitution of immunity to a broad range of viral and fungal infections can be achieved using a multi‐pathogen‐specific T‐cell product. The development of GVHD after T‐cell infusion suggests that infection‐specific T‐cell therapy after allogeneic stem cell transplant should be combined with other strategies to reduce graft‐versus‐host disease.
Quantifying colocalization: The case for discarding the Manders overlap coefficient
Authors: Adler Jeremy , Parmryd Ingela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractColocalization measurements aim to characterize the relative distribution of two molecules within a biologically relevant area. It is efficient to measure two distinct features, co‐occurrence, the extent to which the molecules appear together, and correlation, how well variations in concentration of the two molecules match. The Manders overlap coefficient (MOC) appears in most colocalization software but the literature contains three interpretations of its measurements: (a) co‐occurrence, (b) correlation, or (c) a combination of both. This is surprising given the simplicity of the underlying equation. Testing shows that the MOC responds both to changes in co‐occurrence and to changes in correlation. Further testing reveals that different distributions of intensity (Gaussian, gamma, uniform, exponential) dramatically alter the balance between the contribution from co‐occurrence and correlation. It follows that the MOC's ability to differentiate between different patterns of colocalization is very limited, since any value is compatible with widely differing combinations of co‐occurrence, correlation, and intensity distribution. To characterize colocalization, we recommend reporting both co‐occurrence and correlation, using coefficients specific for each attribute. Since the MOC has no clear role in the measurement of colocalization and causes considerable confusion, we conclude that it should be discarded.
Parental genetic contributions to neonatal temperament in a nonhuman primate (Macaca mulatta) model
Authors: Wood Elizabeth K. , Hunter Jacob N. , Olsen Joseph A. , Almasy Laura , Lindell Stephen G. , Goldman David , Barr Christina S. , Suomi Stephen J. , Kay Daniel B. , Higley J. Dee 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTemperament is an individual's nature and is widely believed to have a heritable foundation. Few studies, however, have evaluated paternal and maternal contributions to the triadic dimensions of temperament. Rhesus monkeys are widely utilized to model genetic contributions to human development due to their close genetic‐relatedness and common temperament structure, providing a powerful translational model for investigating paternal and maternal genetic influences on temperament. The temperament of rhesus monkey infants born to 19 different sires and 50 different dams was assessed during the first month of life by comparing the temperament of paternal or maternal half‐siblings reared with their mothers in species‐normative conditions or reared in a neonatal nursery. Factor scores from three dimensions of temperament were obtained (Orienting/Regulation, Negative Affectivity, and Surgency/Extraversion) and ANOVAs were used to assess genetic effects. For paternal half‐siblings, results showed a statistically significant paternal contribution to Orienting/Regulation, Negative Affectivity, and Surgency/Extraversion factor scores. For maternal half‐siblings, results showed a statistically significant contribution to Orienting/Regulation factor scores. When parsed by early rearing condition, results showed a paternal contribution Orienting/Regulation, Negative Affectivity, and Surgency/Extraversion scores for paternal half‐siblings reared in the neonatal nursery, while there was only a paternal contribution to Surgency/Extraversion for paternal half‐siblings reared by their mothers. There was only a maternal contribution to Orienting/Regulation for maternal half‐siblings reared by their mothers. These results show that paternal and maternal contributions to temperament vary by environmental context, and that mothers may environmentally buffer their infants from paternal contributions to their temperament.
Implementing evidence‐based individual psychotherapies for adults with eating disorders in a real world clinical setting
Authors: Mountford Victoria A. , Allen Karina L. , Tchanturia Kate , Eilender Cara , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of evidenced‐based psychological treatments (specifically, Cognitive‐Behaviour Therapy for Eating Disorders [CBT‐ED] and Maudsley Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults [MANTRA]) for a transdiagnostic eating disorder population in a routine clinical setting. In particular, it aimed to determine the extent to which treatment was provided in line with current clinical guidelines (NICE, 2017) and how effective treatment was in improving eating disorder and general psychopathology.MethodThree hundred and seventy‐nine participants meeting criteria for DSM‐5 anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge‐eating disorder or other specified feeding or eating disorder completed pre‐ and posttreatment measures of eating disorder pathology and general distress. Clinicians recorded weight and episodes of bingeing and purging.ResultsNinety seven percent of participants received treatment in line with evidence‐based psychotherapies. Treatment was completed by 59.9% of the whole sample. Using stringent criteria and ITT analysis 21.4% met criteria for remission at end of treatment. In the underweight sample, there was a significant increase in BMI, averaging 1.38 kg/m2 over treatment, with similar outcomes for MANTRA and CBT‐ED.DiscussionThese findings, in a large transdiagnostic population, add to emerging literature on the translation of evidence‐based psychotherapies to real‐world clinical settings. Our results converge well with prior similar studies. Findings highlight the need for routine data collection in services and for the ongoing improvement of treatments for the eating disorders.
Disordered eating in a population‐based sample of young adults during the COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Simone Melissa , Emery Rebecca L. , Hazzard Vivienne M. , Eisenberg Marla E. , Larson Nicole , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to describe the experience of, and factors associated with, disordered eating in a population‐based sample of emerging adults during the COVID‐19 outbreak.MethodParticipants in the EAT 2010–2018 (Eating and Activity over Time) study were invited to complete the C‐EAT (COVID‐19 EAT) survey in April–May 2020. There were 720 respondents to the survey (age: 24.7 ± 2.0 years). Psychological distress, stress, stress management, financial difficulties, and food insecurity during the COVID‐19 pandemic were examined as cross‐sectional correlates of disordered eating in 2020. Open‐ended questions assessed the perceived impact of the pandemic on eating behaviors.ResultsLow stress management was significantly associated with a higher count of extreme unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCBs). Food insecurity, higher depressive symptoms, and financial difficulties were significantly associated with a higher count of less extreme UWCBs. Higher stress and depressive symptoms were significantly associated with greater odds of binge eating. Six themes pertaining to disordered eating during the pandemic emerged: (a) mindless eating and snacking; (b) increased food consumption; (c) generalized decrease in appetite or dietary intake; (d) eating to cope; (e) pandemic‐related reductions in dietary intake; and (f) re‐emergence or marked increase in eating disorder symptoms.DiscussionPsychological distress, stress management, financial difficulties, and abrupt schedule changes may have contributed to disordered eating during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Interventions that target stress management, depressive symptoms, and financial strain and provide tools to develop a routine may be particularly effective for emerging adults at risk of developing disordered eating during public health crises.
On the Effect of Flash Calcination Method on the Characteristics of Cobalt Catalysts for Ammonia Synthesis Process
Authors: Patkowski Wojciech , Kowalik Paweł , Antoniak‐Jurak Katarzyna , Zybert Magdalena , Ronduda Hubert , Mierzwa Bogusław , Próchniak Wiesław , Raróg‐Pilecka Wioletta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe influence of precursor calcination method on the properties of the cerium and barium promoted cobalt catalysts for ammonia synthesis was investigated. Three methods of cobalt‐cerium hydroxycarbonates mixture heat treatment were studied – flash, static and semi‐static calcination processes, differing in duration as well as heat and mass transfer conditions. Their effect on catalyst structural parameters, morphology, crystal structure and activity was determined. It was proven that compared to other heat treatment methods flash calcination of CoCe hydroxycarbonate precursor resulted with a catalyst of superior structural parameters and the highest activity in ammonia synthesis. However, the incomplete precursor transformation and insufficient active and promoter phases crystallization during this process were indicated. In order to improve surface activity and optimise properties of the catalyst it was stated that modification of flash calcination conditions is required.
A Cancer Stem Cell Potent Copper(II) Complex with a S, N, S‐Schiff base Ligand and Bathophenanthroline
Authors: Northcote‐Smith Joshua , Kaur Pooja , Suntharalingam Kogularamanan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigate the anti‐cancer stem cell (CSC) properties of two copper(II) complexes containing 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline and a S, N, X‐Schiff base ligand, where X=O (1) or S (2). Complex 1 was previously reported by us, and is the first metal complex to induce cytotoxic and immunogenic cell death of breast CSCs. Complex 2 is a structural analogue of 1, where the phenolate moiety (within the Schiff base ligand) is replaced by a thiophenolate group. Complex 2 kills bulk breast cancer cells and breast CSCs in the sub‐micromolar range, with reduced toxicity towards non‐cancerous epithelial breast cells. Remarkably, 2 is over 10‐fold more potent towards breast CSC spheroids than salinomycin (an established anti‐breast CSC agent) and cisplatin (a clinically approved anticancer drug). Complex 2 readily enters breast CSCs, accumulates in the cytosol, and increases intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels upon short exposure (1 h). The latter is likely to be the mechanism by which 2 induces breast CSC death.
Impact of fall armyworm invasion on household income and food security in Zimbabwe
Authors: Tambo Justice A. , Kansiime Monica K. , Rwomushana Ivan , Mugambi Idah , Nunda Winnie , Mloza Banda Catherine , Nyamutukwa Shingirayi , Makale Fernadis , Day Roger 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince 2016, the invasive fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, has been one of the most rapidly spreading and highly devastating maize pests across Africa and Asia. Although several studies have estimated the effect of FAW on maize yield, little is known about its impact on broader welfare outcomes. Using data from smallholder maize‐growing households in Zimbabwe, this article aimed to measure the impact of FAW on household income and food security, as well as the extent to which the adoption of a control strategy can help mitigate the negative welfare impacts due to FAW invasion. Regression results showed that households affected by FAW were 12% more likely to experience hunger, as measured by the household hunger scale. A disaggregated analysis indicated that minor FAW infestation did not exert significant impacts on incomes and food security, but severe level of infestation reduced per capita household income by 44% and increased a household's likelihood of experiencing hunger by 17%. We also found that compared to unaffected households, the FAW‐affected households who failed to implement a control strategy had a 50% lower per capita household income, while their counterparts that implemented a control strategy did not suffer a significant income loss. These findings point to the need to promote strategies to prevent high infestation levels of FAW so as to mitigate its detrimental welfare effects.