bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral health and all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory mortality in older people in the UK and USA
Authors: Kotronia Eftychia , Brown Heather , Papacosta A. Olia , Lennon Lucy T. , Weyant Robert J. , Whincup Peter H. , Wannamethee S. Goya , Ramsay Sheena E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPreventing deterioration of oral health in older age can be crucial for survival. We aimed to examine associations of oral health problems with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and respiratory mortality in older people. We used cohort data from the British Regional Health Study (BRHS) (N = 2147, 71–92 years), and the Health, Aging and Body Composition (HABC) Study (USA) (N = 3075, 71–80 years). Follow-up was 9 years (BRHS) and 15 years (HABC Study). Oral health comprised tooth loss, periodontal disease, dry mouth, and self-rated oral health. Cox regression was performed for all-cause mortality, competing risks for CVD mortality, and accelerated failure time models for respiratory mortality. In the BRHS, tooth loss was associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.59, 95% CI 1.09, 2.31). In the HABC Study, tooth loss, dry mouth, and having ≥ 3 oral problems were associated with all-cause mortality; periodontal disease was associated with increased CVD mortality (subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) = 1.49, 95% CI 1.01, 2.20); tooth loss, and accumulation of oral problems were associated with high respiratory mortality (tooth loss, time ratio (TR) = 0.73, 95% CI 0.54, 0.98). Findings suggest that poor oral health is associated with mortality. Results highlight the importance of improving oral health to lengthen survival in older age.
Effect of environmental enrichment and group size on the water use and waste in grower-finisher pigs
Authors: Misra Shilpi , Bokkers Eddie A. M. , Upton John , Quinn Amy J. , O’Driscoll Keelin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe grower-finisher stage accounts for 64% of the total on-farm herd water use. Part of this is consumed by the pigs, but a part is also wasted. Drinking water usage and wastage is affected by different factors. We investigated how different group sizes and different levels of enrichment affect water usage (ingested plus wasted), water wastage, behavior and performance in grower-finisher pigs. Pigs (n = 672), 11 weeks of age (77 ± 2 days) were used for the experiment. The effect of group size: SMALL (12 pigs), MEDIUM (24 pigs), and LARGE (48 pigs) was assessed across two levels of enrichment (LOW—wooden post, hanging rubber toy, HIGH—Same as LOW + fresh grass). There was no effect of group size on water use or wastage. Pigs with HIGH enrichment (10.4 ± 0.4 L/pig/day) used less water than LOW enrichment (11.0 ± 0.4 L/pig/day; p < 0.001). The water wastage/drinker/hour was lower in pens with HIGH enrichment than LOW (p = 0.003). The drinking bout number (p = 0.037) and total occupancy/hour (p = 0.048) was also higher for pens with LOW than HIGH enrichment. Aggressive and harmful behaviour were performed less in LARGE groups and pens with HIGH enrichment. Thus, HIGH enrichment allowance reduced water usage and wastage so may have benefits for the environment, as well as animal welfare.
Untargeted metabolomics of purple and orange-fleshed sweet potatoes reveals a large structural diversity of anthocyanins and flavonoids
Authors: Bennett Alexandra A. , Mahood Elizabeth H. , Fan Kai , Moghe Gaurav D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnthocyanins are economically valuable phytochemicals of significant relevance to human health. Industrially extracted from multiple fruit and vegetable sources, anthocyanin yield and profiles can vary between sources and growing conditions. In this study, we focused on three purple-fleshed and one orange-fleshed cultivars of sweet potato—a warm-weather, nutritious crop of substantial interest to growers in northern, cooler latitudes—to determine the yield and diversity of anthocyanins and flavonoids. Acidified ethanol extraction of lyophilized roots yielded ~ 800 mg average anthocyanins/100 g dry weight from all three cultivars. UHPLC-DAD-Orbitrap analysis of sweet potato extracts identified 18 high-confidence, mostly acylated peonidin and cyanidin derivatives contributing to > 90% of the total anthocyanin signal. Further assessment of the untargeted Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry data using deep learning and molecular networking identified over 350 flavonoid peaks with variable distributions in different sweet potato cultivars. These results provide a novel insight into anthocyanin content of purple-fleshed sweet potatoes grown in the northern latitudes, and reveal the large structural diversity of anthocyanins and flavonoids in this popular crop.
Metabolic signatures in the conversion from gestational diabetes mellitus to postpartum abnormal glucose metabolism: a pilot study in Asian women
Authors: Wang Xi-Meng , Gao Yan , Eriksson Johan G. , Chen Weiqing , Chong Yap Seng , Tan Kok Hian , Zhang Cuilin , Zhou Lei , Li Ling-Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe aimed to identify serum metabolites related to abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM) among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The study recruited 50 women diagnosed with GDM during mid-late pregnancy and 50 non-GDM matchees in a Singapore birth cohort. At the 5-year post-partum follow-up, we applied an untargeted approach to investigate the profiles of serum metabolites among all participants. We first employed OPLS-DA and logistic regression to discriminate women with and without follow-up AGM, and then applied area under the curve (AUC) to assess the incremental indicative value of metabolic signatures on AGM. We identified 23 candidate metabolites that were associated with postpartum AGM among all participants. We then narrowed down to five metabolites [p-cresol sulfate, linoleic acid, glycocholic acid, lysoPC(16:1) and lysoPC(20:3)] specifically associating with both GDM and postpartum AGM. The combined metabolites in addition to traditional risks showed a higher indicative value in AUC (0.92–0.94 vs. 0.74 of traditional risks and 0.77 of baseline diagnostic biomarkers) and R2 (0.67–0.70 vs. 0.25 of traditional risks and 0.32 of baseline diagnostic biomarkers) in terms of AGM indication, compared with the traditional risks model and traditional risks and diagnostic biomarkers combined model. These metabolic signatures significantly increased the AUC value of AGM indication in addition to traditional risks, and might shed light on the pathophysiology underlying the transition from GDM to AGM.
Genetic analyses reveal demographic decline and population differentiation in an endangered social carnivore, Asiatic wild dog
Authors: Modi Shrushti , Mondol Samrat , Nigam Parag , Habib Bilal 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDeforestation and agricultural intensification have resulted in an alarming change in the global land cover over the past 300 years, posing a threat to species conservation. Dhole is a monophyletic, social canid and, being an endangered and highly forest-dependent species, is more prone to the loss of favorable habitat in the Anthropocene. We determined the genetic differentiation and demographic history of dhole across the tiger reserves of Maharashtra using the microsatellite data of 305 individuals. Simulation-based analyses revealed a 77–85% decline in the major dhole sub-populations. Protected areas have provided refuge to the historically declining dhole population resulting in clustering with strong genetic structure in the remnant dhole population. The historical population decline coincides with the extreme events in the landscape over the past 300 years. The study highlights the pattern of genetic differentiation and diversity of a highly forest-dependent species which can be associated with the loss of forest cover outside tiger reserves. It also warrants attention to develop conservation plans for the remnant surviving population of dholes in India.
Vision based supervised restricted Boltzmann machine helps to actuate novel shape memory alloy accurately
Authors: Dutta Ritaban , Chen Cherry , Renshaw David , Liang Daniel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExtraordinary shape recovery capabilities of shape memory alloys (SMAs) have made them a crucial building block for the development of next-generation soft robotic systems and associated cognitive robotic controllers. In this study we desired to determine whether combining video data analysis techniques with machine learning techniques could develop a computer vision based predictive system to accurately predict force generated by the movement of a SMA body that is capable of a multi-point actuation performance. We identified that rapid video capture of the bending movements of a SMA body while undergoing external electrical excitements and adapting that characterisation using computer vision approach into a machine learning model, can accurately predict the amount of actuation force generated by the body. This is a fundamental area for achieving a superior control of the actuation of SMA bodies. We demonstrate that a supervised machine learning framework trained with Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) inspired features extracted from 45,000 digital thermal infrared video frames captured during excitement of various SMA shapes, is capable to estimate and predict force and stress with 93% global accuracy with very low false negatives and high level of predictive generalisation.
New Cretaceous antlion-like lacewings promote a phylogenetic reappraisal of the extinct myrmeleontoid family Babinskaiidae
Authors: Lu Xiumei , Wang Bo , Liu Xingyue 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBabinskaiidae is an extinct family of the lacewing superfamily Myrmeleontoidea, currently only recorded from the Cretaceous. The phylogenetic position of this family is elusive, with inconsistent inferences in previous studies. Here we report on three new genera and species of Babinskaiidae from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber of Myanmar, namelyCalobabinskaia xiaigen. et sp. nov.,Stenobabinskaia punctatagen. et sp. nov., andXiaobabinskaia lepidotrichagen. et sp. nov. These new babinskaiids are featured by having specialized characters, such as the rich number of presectoral crossveins and the presence of scaly setae on forewing costal vein, which have not yet been found in this family. The exquisite preservation of the Kachin amber babinskaiids facilitate a reappraisal of the phylogenetic placement of this family based on adult morphological characters. Our result from the phylogenetic inference combining the data from fossil and extant myrmeleontoids recovered a monophyletic clade composed of Babinskaiidae and another extinct family Cratosmylidae, and further assigned this clade to be sister group to a clade including Nemopteridae, Palaeoleontidae, and Myrmeleontidae. Babinskaiidae appears to be a transitional lineage between Nymphidae and advanced myrmeleontoids, with ancient morphological diversification.
Hydropower-induced selection of behavioural traits in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Haraldstad Tormod , Haugen Thrond O. , Olsen Esben M. , Forseth Torbjørn , Höglund Erik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRenewable energy projects such as hydropower facilities contribute towards meeting the world`s growing energy demands and urgent need for mitigating climate change. However, such infrastructure has the potential to substantially alter the environment which, in turn, can induce new challenges related to for instance fish migration conditions. As a consequence, local adaptations related to pre-development migration conditions may be affected for influenced populations. To explore selection regimes operating at a river hydropower plant, we monitored Atlantic salmon smolt individuals during their seaward migration. When passing the hydropower plant, the smolts chose between a surface fish passage or a submerged turbine intake. Smolts were scored for behavioural type (basal locomotor activity, net restrain (a measure of escape responses) and willingness to leave a familiar environment) prior to their migration choice, and we found that smolts with high basal activity had higher probability of using the fish passage than the turbine intake. In addition, migration route choice was a partly consistent trait in that fish that had previously passed a hydroelectric facility by using a fish passage rather than the turbine intake were significantly more likely to use it again when faced with the same choice. Higher mortality among turbine migrants could potentially reduce or eliminate particular behaviour types within populations- and the corresponding population genetic diversity that is essential to cope with future environmental challenges.
Hybrid external-cavity lasers (ECL) using photonic wire bonds as coupling elements
Authors: Xu Yilin , Maier Pascal , Blaicher Matthias , Dietrich Philipp-Immanuel , Marin-Palomo Pablo , Hartmann Wladislaw , Bao Yiyang , Peng Huanfa , Billah Muhammad Rodlin , Singer Stefan , Troppenz Ute , Moehrle Martin , Randel Sebastian , Freude Wolfgang , Koos Christian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCombining semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) on direct-bandgap III–V substrates with low-loss silicon or silicon-nitride photonic integrated circuits (PIC) has been key to chip-scale external-cavity lasers (ECL) that offer wideband tunability along with small optical linewidths. However, fabrication of such devices still relies on technologically demanding monolithic integration of heterogeneous material systems or requires costly high-precision package-level assembly, often based on active alignment, to achieve low-loss coupling between the SOA and the external feedback circuits. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel class of hybrid ECL that overcome these limitations by exploiting 3D-printed photonic wire bonds as intra-cavity coupling elements. Photonic wire bonds can be written in-situ in a fully automated process with shapes adapted to the mode-field sizes and the positions of the chips at both ends, thereby providing low-loss coupling even in presence of limited placement accuracy. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we use an InP-based reflective SOA (RSOA) along with a silicon photonic external feedback circuit and demonstrate a single-mode tuning range from 1515 to 1565 nm along with side mode suppression ratios above 40 dB and intrinsic linewidths down to 105 kHz. Our approach combines the scalability advantages of monolithic integration with the performance and flexibility of hybrid multi-chip assemblies and may thus open a path towards integrated ECL on a wide variety of integration platforms.
Liquid biopsy uncovers distinct patterns of DNA methylation and copy number changes in NSCLC patients with different EGFR-TKI resistant mutations
Authors: Nguyen Hoai-Nghia , Cao Ngoc-Phuong Thi , Van Nguyen Thien-Chi , Le Khang Nguyen Duy , Nguyen Dat Thanh , Nguyen Quynh-Tho Thi , Nguyen Thai-Hoa Thi , Van Nguyen Chu , Le Ha Thu , Nguyen Mai-Lan Thi , Nguyen Trieu Vu , Tran Vu Uyen , Luong Bac An , Le Linh Gia Hoang , Ho Quoc Chuong , Pham Hong-Anh Thi , Vo Binh Thanh , Nguyen Luan Thanh , Dang Anh-Thu Huynh , Nguyen Sinh Duy , Do Duc Minh , Do Thanh-Thuy Thi , Hoang Anh Vu , Dinh Kiet Truong , Phan Minh-Duy , Giang Hoa , Tran Le Son 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTargeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) provides survival benefits to a majority of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, resistance to TKI almost always develops after treatment. Although genetic and epigenetic alterations have each been shown to drive resistance to TKI in cell line models, clinical evidence for their contribution in the acquisition of resistance remains limited. Here, we employed liquid biopsy for simultaneous analysis of genetic and epigenetic changes in 122 Vietnamese NSCLC patients undergoing TKI therapy and displaying acquired resistance. We detected multiple profiles of resistance mutations in 51 patients (41.8%). Of those, genetic alterations in EGFR, particularly EGFR amplification (n = 6), showed pronounced genome instability and genome-wide hypomethylation. Interestingly, the level of hypomethylation was associated with the duration of response to TKI treatment. We also detected hypermethylation in regulatory regions of Homeobox genes which are known to be involved in tumor differentiation. In contrast, such changes were not observed in cases with MET (n = 4) and HER2 (n = 4) amplification. Thus, our study showed that liquid biopsy could provide important insights into the heterogeneity of TKI resistance mechanisms in NSCLC patients, providing essential information for prediction of resistance and selection of subsequent treatment.
Mechanisms for log normal concentration distributions in the environment
Authors: Andersson August 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLog normal-like concentration distributions are ubiquitously observed in the environment. However, the mechanistic origins are not well understood. In this paper, we show that first order exponential kinetics onsets log-normal concentration distributions, under certain assumptions. Given the ubiquity of exponential kinetics, e.g., source and sink processes, this model suggests an explanation for the frequent observation in the environment, and elsewhere. We compare this model to other mechanisms affecting concentration distributions, e.g., source mixing. Finally, we discuss possible implications for data analysis and modelling, e.g., log-normal rates and fluxes.
Self-replication of a quantum artificial organism driven by single-photon pulses
Authors: Valente Daniel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImitating the transition from inanimate to living matter is a longstanding challenge. Artificial life has achieved computer programs that self-replicate, mutate, compete and evolve, but lacks self-organized hardwares akin to the self-assembly of the first living cells. Nonequilibrium thermodynamics has achieved lifelike self-organization in diverse physical systems, but has not yet met the open-ended evolution of living organisms. Here, I look for the emergence of an artificial-life code in a nonequilibrium physical system undergoing self-organization. I devise a toy model where the onset of self-replication of a quantum artificial organism (a chain of lambda systems) is owing to single-photon pulses added to a zero-temperature environment. I find that spontaneous mutations during self-replication are unavoidable in this model, due to rare but finite absorption of off-resonant photons. I also show that the replication probability is proportional to the absorbed work from the photon, thereby fulfilling a dissipative adaptation (a thermodynamic mechanism underlying lifelike self-organization). These results hint at self-replication as the scenario where dissipative adaptation (pointing towards convergence) coexists with open-ended evolution (pointing towards divergence).
Clearance of peripheral nerve misfolded mutant protein by infiltrated macrophages correlates with motor neuron disease progression
Authors: Shiraishi Wataru , Yamasaki Ryo , Hashimoto Yu , Ko Senri , Kobayakawa Yuko , Isobe Noriko , Matsushita Takuya , Kira Jun-ichi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMacrophages expressing C–C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) infiltrate the central and peripheral neural tissues of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. To identify the functional role of CCR2+ macrophages in the pathomechanisms of ALS, we used an ALS animal model, mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1G93A (mSOD1)-transgenic (Tg) mice. To clarify the CCR2 function in the model, we generated SOD1G93A/CCR2Red fluorescence protein (RFP)/Wild type (WT)/CX3CR1Green fluorescence protein (GFP)/WT-Tg mice, which heterozygously express CCR2-RFP and CX3CR1-GFP, and SOD1G93A/CCR2RFP/RFP-Tg mice, which lack CCR2 protein expression and present with a CCR2-deficient phenotype. In mSOD1-Tg mice, mSOD1 accumulated in the sciatic nerve earlier than in the spinal cord. Furthermore, spinal cords of SOD1G93A/CCR2RFP/WT/CX3CR1GFP/WT mice showed peripheral macrophage infiltration that emerged at the end-stage, whereas in peripheral nerves, macrophage infiltration started from the pre-symptomatic stage. Before disease onset, CCR2+ macrophages harboring mSOD1 infiltrated sciatic nerves earlier than the lumbar cord. CCR2-deficient mSOD1-Tg mice showed an earlier onset and axonal derangement in the sciatic nerve than CCR2-positive mSOD1-Tg mice. CCR2-deficient mSOD1-Tg mice showed an increase in deposited mSOD1 in the sciatic nerve compared with CCR2-positive mice. These findings suggest that CCR2+ and CX3CR1+ macrophages exert neuroprotective functions in mSOD1 ALS via mSOD1 clearance from the peripheral nerves.
Cross-sections of relativistic quantum-mechanical versus those of classical magnetic resonant scattering
Authors: Loudas N. A. , Kylafis N. D. , Trümper J. E. 
Published: August 2021

Context. Radiative transfer calculations in strong (few ×1012 G) magnetic fields, which are observed in X-ray pulsars, require accurate differential cross-sections of resonant scattering. While such cross-sections exist, their application is cumbersome.
Aims. Here, we compare the classical (non-relativistic) with the quantum-mechanical (relativistic) resonant differential scattering cross-sections and offer a prescription for the use of the much simpler classical expressions with impressively accurate results.
Methods. We expanded the quantum-mechanical differential cross-sections and kept the terms up to the first order in ϵ ≡ E/mec2 and B ≡ ℬ/ℬcr, where E is the photon energy and ℬcr is the critical magnetic field. We recovered the classical differential cross-sections along with the terms that are due to spin flip, which is a pure quantum-mechanical phenomenon.
Results. When adding the spin-flip terms to the polarization-dependent classical differential cross-sections by hand, we find that they are in excellent agreement with the quantum mechanical ones for all energies near resonance and all angles. We plotted both of them and the agreement is impressive.
Conclusions. We give a prescription for the use of the classical differential cross-sections for radiative transfer calculations that guarantees accurate results.
Clozapin in der Behandlung schizophrener Psychosen
Patientencharakteristika und antipsychotische Kombinationstherapien bei einem
Behandlungsjahrgang eines psychiatrischen
Versorgungskrankenhauses
Authors: Rentrop Michael , Huhn Maximilian , Schwerthöffer Dirk 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Anliegen Clozapin zeigt in vielen Untersuchungen eine überlegene
Wirksamkeit gegenüber anderen Antipsychotika. Zur Verschreibungspraxis
von Clozapin und den Charakteristika der damit behandelten Patienten gibt es
bislang wenig systematisch erhobene Daten.
Methode Retrospektive Auswertung aller 392 Behandlungsverläufe von
stationär behandelten Patienten mit schizophrenen Psychosen eines
Jahres. Detaillierte Analyse der mit Clozapin behandelten Patienten
einschließlich der Dosierungen und der zusätzlichen
Medikation.
Ergebnis Patienten mit Clozapinbehandlung weisen eine höhere
Krankheitsschwere als Patienten ohne Clozapinbehandlung auf. Sie erhalten
häufiger pharmakologische Kombinationsbehandlungen, die den
gegenwärtigen Leitlinienempfehlungen teilweise erheblich
entgegenstehen.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die ausgeprägte
Krankheitsschwere von Patienten mit einer Clozapinbehandlung und belegen
Hinweise aus der Literatur auf die begrenzte Umsetzung von Leitlinien in die
Verschreibungspraxis. Die durchgeführte Untersuchung dient als
Pilotuntersuchung einer multizentrischen Studie zur Verschreibungspraxis von
Clozapin in psychiatrischen Kliniken unterschiedlicher Regionen.