bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large uncertainties in global hydroxyl projections tied to fate of reactive nitrogen and carbon
Authors: Murray Lee T. , Fiore Arlene M. , Shindell Drew T. , Naik Vaishali , Horowitz Larry W. 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Reaction with the hydroxyl radical (OH) is the dominant loss mechanism for many atmospheric gases of interest for air quality, climate change, and stratospheric ozone. Understanding how and why OH may change in the future is therefore paramount for predicting changes in the societal impacts associated with such changes. Future models’ projections strongly disagree in how OH responds to changing emissions and climate—even in the sign. Here, we demonstrate that intermodel differences in OH are best explained by disparate implementations of chemical and physical processes that affect reactive oxides of nitrogen and organic chemical species. Targeted observations can reduce uncertainty in the chemical budgets of these key species to increase confidence in future projections of composition and its impacts.
Otium litteratum en la novel·la cavalleresca
Curial e Güelfa
Authors: Gros Lladós Sònia 
Published: October 2021

Resum
L’episodi nord-africà del llibre tercer de la
novel·la ha estat ja revisat per diversos estudiosos com una
recreació de la història de Dido i Eneas que ens transmet
l’Eneida. Els especialistes han subratllat els
trets particulars de la reescriptura d’aquest episodi virgilià, tot
suggerint la intermediació d’autors italians com Petrarca o
Boccaccio. En aquesta contribució pretenem explorar els aspectes que
relacionen aquest passatge amb el nou concepte
d’otium que els humanistes italians
desenvolupen a partir del redescobriment d’alguns textos clàssics.
En particular, suggerim l’anàlisi dels paral·lels amb De vita
solitaria de Petrarca, autor ben present en la novel·la,
com han mostrat els estudis de Francisco Rico o Júlia Butinyà.
Les construccions temporals de progressió narrativa en el
Curial e Güelfa
Authors: Garcia Sebastià Josep Vicent 
Published: October 2021

Resum
El present estudi descriu algunes expressions
temporals del Curial e Güelfa. Concretament, se
centra en les formes de temps transcorregut que realitzen una
funció discursiva de ‘continuïtat’. Aquestes construccions expressen el transcurs d'un determinat període de temps entre dos moments referencials i, a més, aporten informació discursiva i fan que la trama avance. D’acord amb les dades
obtingudes del corpus emprat, el CIGCA, aquests constructes
s’utilitzen en passatges narratius d’altres textos medievals en
català. Les ocurrències del corpus també demostren que els usos de
les construccions temporals continuatives del
Curial són més diversos i equilibrats que els
d’altres obres semblants.
Baldament en el Curial e
Güelfa
Authors: Martínez Martínez Caterina 
Published: October 2021

Resum
El present estudi se centra en el procés de
gramaticalització del connector de contrast
baldament des del sentit inicial d’adverbi
desideratiu fins al valor de marcador discursiu concessiu
actual. Ací, parem especial atenció a un valuós exemple del Curial e
Güelfa que suggereix quin degué ser el punt de partida d’aquest
procés. Examinem l’evolució del connector d’acord amb Lingüística
Cognitiva i, concretament, amb la Teoria de la Gramaticalització.
Tenim en compte, a més, la Teoria de l’Argumentació. La Teoria de la
(Inter)subjectivació i la Teoria de la Inferència Invitada del Canvi Semàntic ens
ajuden a revisar les fonts i els valors de
baldament en català des del segle XIV al segle
XIX.
Noun and verb derivations in early Turkish child and child-directed
speech
Authors: Ketrez F. Nihan , Aksu-Koç Ayhan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents the emergence of derivational
morphology in nouns and verbs in the speech of two Turkish-speaking
monolingual girls between the ages 1;3 and 3;0, taking into account the
patterns in their child-directed speech. Derivational morphology emerges
early, before age 3;0, although compounding is an option in addition to
derivation in the language. In both children’s speech the causative is the
first derivational morpheme and it emerges simultaneously with inflections
followed by other types of derivations. Instrument nouns emerge earlier than
agent nouns in both children’s speech. The study further shows that children
with different developmental paces follow similar paths in their acquisition
of derivational morphology and their speech reflect the derivational
patterns in their child-directed speech.
Review of experimental progress of hybrid improper ferroelectricity in layered perovskite oxides
Authors: Zhang Bi Hui , Liu Xiao Qiang , Chen Xiang Ming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The primary order parameter of hybrid improper ferroelectricity (HIF) is not spontaneous polarisation but nonpolar modes such as oxygen octahedral rotations (OORs), antipolar, or even Jahn–Teller distortions; therefore, the HIF mechanism may be applied as an effective pathway to tune electronic bandgaps, control orbitals, and create multiferroicity. Most of the current experimental research on HIF is focused on layered perovskite oxides; therefore, this review focuses on the recent progress of experimental studies on HIF materials with the Ruddlesden–Popper (R–P) and Dion–Jacobson (D–J) structures. Experimental research on double-layered R–P oxides is included, and the linear relationship between the Curie temperature and tolerance factor has been established. Moreover, the coexistence of polar and weak ferromagnetic phases has been observed in iron-based double-layered R–P oxides at room temperature. The recent discovery of ferroelectricity in A-site cation-ordered triple-layered R–P oxides has significantly expanded the HIF field. HIF has also been confirmed in caesium- and rubidium-based double-layered D–J oxides, and complex OOR modes have been observed in D–J oxides. Although significant progress has been achieved for HIF materials in layered perovskite oxides, extensive research is required to reveal the mysteries of HIF and to create single-phase multiferroics in HIF materials.
A needle-like cobalt-based bifunctional catalyst supported on carbon materials for effective overall water splitting
Authors: Tang Tao , Li Xijie , Feng Zhanhui , Liu Yingju 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) dual-functional electrocatalyst in the field of water electrolysis has great advantages in reducing costs and simplifying electrolytic cell installations. Herein, Co–Mo particles were electrodeposited on the carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-modified copper foam to form the Co–Mo-CNTs/rGO-copper foam (CF), then it was subjected to a certain potential for alkaline etching, thus needle-like E-Co–Mo-CNTs/rGO-CF was synthesized. Results showed that the material surface mainly formed by the interlacing of Co oxide was more conducive to capturing the intermediates in the HER/OER reaction, while the CNTs/rGO-CF structure was closely connected to the metal layer, making excellent performance of total hydrolysis in KOH. The electrocatalyst exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activity for HER and OER in 1 M KOH, requiring only 71 and 268 mV overpotential to drive 10 mA·cm−2, respectively. Especially, only a battery voltage of 1.52 V was needed to drive 10 mA·cm−2 in two-electrode system for overall water splitting. This work provides a method for the construction of dual-functional electrocatalyst that combined carbon materials and metals.
In silico evaluation and optimisation of magnetic resonance elastography of the liver
Authors: McGrath Deirdre M , Bradley Christopher R , Francis Susan T 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is widely adopted as a biomarker of liver fibrosis. However, in vivo MRE accuracy is difficult to assess. Approach. Finite element model (FEM) simulation was employed to evaluate liver MRE accuracy and inform methodological optimisation. MRE data was simulated in a 3D FEM of the human torso including the liver, and compared with spin-echo echo-planar imaging MRE acquisitions. The simulated MRE results were compared with the ground truth magnitude of the complex shear modulus (∣G*∣) for varying: (1) ground truth liver ∣G*∣; (2) simulated imaging resolution; (3) added noise; (4) data smoothing. Motion and strain-based signal-to-noise (SNR) metrics were evaluated on the simulated data as a means to select higher-quality voxels for preparation of acquired MRE summary statistics of ∣G*∣. Main results. The simulated MRE accuracy for a given ground truth ∣G*∣ was found to be a function of imaging resolution, motion-SNR and smoothing. At typical imaging resolutions, it was found that due to under-sampling of the MRE wave-field, combined with motion-related noise, the reconstructed simulated ∣G*∣ could contain errors on the scale of the difference between liver fibrosis stages, e.g. 54% error for ground truth ∣G*∣ = 1 kPa. Optimum imaging resolutions were identified for given ground truth ∣G*∣ and motion-SNR levels. Significance. This study provides important knowledge on the accuracy and optimisation of liver MRE. For example, for motion-SNR ≤ 5, to distinguish between liver ∣G*∣ of 2 and 3 kPa (i.e. early-stage liver fibrosis) it was predicted that the optimum isotropic voxel size is 4–6 mm.
Accessing phase slip events in Nb meander wires
Authors: Sawle Deepika , Husale Sudhir , Yadav Sachin , Gajar Bikash , Awana V P S , Sahoo Sangeeta 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We report transport studies through Nb-based superconducting meander wires fabricated by focused ion beam milling technique. The effect of meandering on quantum transport has been probed experimentally by a direct comparison with the pristine thin-film device before meandering. The normal metal (NM) to superconductor (SC) phase transition becomes a wide and multi-step transition by meandering. Below the transition temperature (T
c), the resistance-versus-temperature measurements reveal resistive tailing which is explained by the thermally activated phase slip (TAPS) mechanism. The TAPS fit indicates a selective region of the meander to be responsible for the resistive tailing. Besides, the phase slip (PS) mechanism in the meander is evident in its current–voltage characteristics that feature the stair-case type intermediate resistive steps (IRSs) during the SC–NM transition. The modulation of the IRSs is investigated with respect to temperature and external magnetic field. It is observed that the PS events are facilitated by magnetic fields up to about 250 mT. Further, the critical current varies strongly on the temperature and magnetic field for T < 0.5 T
c and H ⩽ 100 mT where it fluctuates in an oscillatory manner. Finally, Nb based meander structures can be promising candidates for future PS based studies and applications.
Comparison of Methods for Determining the Antibiotic Susceptibility of Aerococcus Species in a Clinical Setting
Authors: Scholtz Sophie L , Faron Matthew L , Buchan Blake W , Ledeboer Nathan A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Aerococcus spp are Gram-positive cocci increasingly recognized as uropathogens. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recently published specific breakpoints for Aerococcus spp (M45, third edition); however, the standardized method used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) requires media not often maintained in clinical laboratories. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare alternative methods of AST for Aerococcus isolates.

Methods
AST was performed on 134 clinical isolates using the Etest on three different types of agar, Vitek 2, and BD Phoenix. These results were compared with broth microdilution using the Sensititre STP6F.

Results
Aerococcus exhibited low minimum inhibitory concentrations to benzylpenicillin, meropenem, linezolid, and vancomycin. Variable resistance was seen to levofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and tetracycline. Meropenem and vancomycin met all acceptance criteria with every alternative method tested. Benzylpenicillin and linezolid did not meet essential agreement on any AST method. Tetracycline met the majority of acceptance criteria with the exception of more than 3% very major error when using the Etest on chocolate agar, the Vitek 2, and BD Phoenix.

Conclusions
Overall, the alternate AST method with the highest agreement with broth microdilution was the Etest on Mueller-Hinton agar with 5% sheep blood and may be an optimal alternative to broth microdilution.
Metabolic treatment of an electrical disease? Beneficial APD/QT prolongation by L-Carnitine in transgenic SQT1 rabbit models
Authors: Hornyik T , Bodi I , Michaelides K , Mettke L , Perez-Feliz S , El-Battrawy I , Brunner M , Bode C , Odening K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Short-QT syndrome 1 (SQT1) is a genetic cardiac channelopathy caused by gain-of-function mutations (KCNH2-N588K) in HERG/IKr, that leads to shortened QT-interval, increased risk for arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). An acquired form of SQTS has been described in patients with primary (genetic) carnitine-deficiency, indicating that carnitine might affect cardiac repolarization.

Purpose
We aimed to investigate potential beneficial (APD/QT-prolonging) effect of L-Carnitine in (genetic) SQTS using transgenic SQT1 rabbits that mimic the human disease phenotype.

Methods
Effects of L-carnitine on cardiac repolarisation were assessed in adult wildtype (WT) and transgenic SQT1 rabbits (KCNH2-N588K) using in vivo ECG and ex vivo Langendorff-perfused whole-heart or isolated ventricular cardiomyocyte action potential (AP) recordings. Effects on ion currents were assessed by whole-cell patch-clamping.

Results
In vivo, the heart-rate corrected QT index (QTi) was prolonged significantly by L-carnitine both in WT (QTi, baseline 102.7%±4.9 vs. L-carnitine 106.9%±6.2, p&lt;0.05, n=12) and SQT1 (QTi, baseline 94.8%±7.4 vs. L-carnitine 99.5%±8.2, p&lt;0.05, n=13), leading to normalisation of QTi in SQT1. Ex vivo, whole-heart monophasic and cellular APs were also significantly prolonged by L-carnitine in WT and SQT1 (change in monophasic APD75, ms, WT +13.9±4.4, SQT1 +9.9±7.0; change in cellular APD90, %, WT +10.4%, SQT1 +10.4%, all p&lt;0.05). As underlying mechanisms, we identified acute effects on the main repolarizing ion currents IKr and IKs: IKr-steady, which is significantly increased in SQT1 contributing to accelerated repolarization, was reduced by L-carnitine (WT: −23%, SQT1: −16%). Moreover, L-carnitine accelerated the deactivation kinetics of IKr - while no change was observed in IKr-tail. In addition, IKs-steady was decreased by L-carnitine in SQT1 and WT cardiomyocytes.

Conclusion
L-carnitine prolongs/normalizes QT and APD in transgenic SQT1 rabbits by decreasing the pathologically increased IKr-steady and also IKs-steady and may therefore serve as potential future anti-arrhythmic therapy in SQTS.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): German Research Foundation (DFG)
Blockade of the innate immune checkpoint CD47 decreases infarct size by modulation of oxidative stress and immune response
Authors: Korste S , Stock P , Hendgen-Cotta U B , Rassaf T , Totzeck M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury a precisely controlled immune response is necessary for preservation of cardiac integrity. In its course, immune cells interact with dead and damaged cells via a variety of cell surface molecules. One such interaction revolves around signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) on myeloid cells and ubiquitously expressed CD47, which inhibits phagocytosis and was thus termed an innate immune checkpoint. Inhibition of CD47 via antibodies was shown to be protective in other I/R injury of eg liver and kidney, mostly by modulation of nitric oxide (NO) related pathways. Whether it is also beneficial in myocardial I/R injury remains to be seen.

Methods and results
We determined I/R injury size in murine hearts after anti-CD47 treatment using the triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC)/Evans blue test and found decreased TTC negative per area at risk (AAR) at 24 h of reperfusion when compared to IgG antibody treated mice. Likewise ejection fraction was higher and plasma cardiac Troponin I (cTNI) levels were lower in anti-CD47 treated animals at the same time point. We further studied immune cell populations using flow cytometry, which revealed similar levels of neutrophils at 24 h of reperfusion in both anti-CD47 and control groups. To investigate this paradox, we deployed cutting edge light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) to simultaneously measure I/R injury size and immune cell levels and indeed found a higher ratio of neutrophils per injured area in CD47 treated mice. Furthermore, in these animals neutrophil populations were localized outside the injured area rather than only just inside, as was the case in the control group. We further measured cardiac reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration and found ROS levels to be slightly decreased after CD47 injections following I/R. In contrast to results from other I/R injury models, we could not find an influence of anti-CD47 treatment on nitrate/nitrite/NO pathways.

Conclusion
Anti-CD47 treatment was shown to be protective in various I/R injury models. We could also demonstrate reduced infarct sizes after 24 h of reperfusion. This was not associated with decreased levels of neutrophils, which also located only outside of the injured area. Whether this is beneficial for the long term outcome, remains to be investigated. Nevertheless CD47 blockade presents as a highly novel and promising approach to AMI treatment and warrants further research.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
Using artificial neural network to optimize hydrogen solubility and evaluation of environmental condition effects
Authors: Cao Yan , Ayed Hamdi , Dahari Mahidzal , Sene Ndolane , Bouallegue Belgacem 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hydrogen is a clean energy and has many applications in petroleum refining, glass purification, pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, aerospace applications and cooling generators. Therefore, it is very important to store it in various ways. One of the new and cheap methods to store hydrogen is storing in the brine groundwater. In this method, the hydrogen gas is injected into the brine, in which storing capacity has a direct relationship with the pressure, temperature and salt concentration of the saltwater. In the present study, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used to estimate and optimize the hydrogen solubility (HS) in the saltwater with conventional best algorithms such as the feedback propagation, genetic algorithm (GA) and radial basis function. The optimization is implemented based on available experimental data bank based on the variation of the pressure, working temperature and salt concentration. The results and assessments of different optimization ANN algorithm show that the GA has the most usable and accurate estimation and prediction for HS in the saltwater. Also, the amounts of the relevancy coefficient (${R}_c$) that correspond to the sensitivity of HS on the input parameters demonstrate that the salt concentration and pressure have the minimum and maximum ${R}_c$, respectively. That is, the least and most effect on the output values.
Bringing Heavenly Music Down to Earth: Global Exchange and Local Devotion at Segovia Cathedral, 1678
Authors: Cashner Andrew A 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
A few months before Christmas in 1678, Miguel de Irízar, the thrifty chapelmaster of Segovia Cathedral, made a notebook out of a pile of his received letters, drafting music on the margins of letters from other musicians about the exchange of music and poetry. This article examines Irízar’s output of villancicos for Segovia, including works written for specific local devotional practices, and, through a codicological analysis and sketch study of his letter-notebook of 1678, reconstructs the chapelmaster’s compositional process. Irízar adapted and rearranged the texts he received in correspondence to tailor a coherent cycle for his own community. Based on a new edition of the first villancico in the 1678 cycle, the article analyses Irízar’s use of musical conventions and practical craftsmanship in producing music that suited his ensemble and congregation. Villancicos served as a point of intersection for local and global aspects of both music and devotion.
Asteroid magnetization from the early solar wind
Authors: Anand Atma , Carroll-Nellenback Jonathan , Blackman Eric G , Tarduno John A 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Magnetic fields provide an important probe of the thermal, material, and structural history of planetary and sub-planetary bodies. Core dynamos are a potential source of magnetic fields for differentiated bodies, but evidence of magnetization in undifferentiated bodies requires a different mechanism. Here, we study the amplified field provided by the stellar wind to an initially unmagnetized body using analytic theory and numerical simulations, employing the resistive magnetohydrodynamic AstroBEAR adaptive mesh refinement multiphysics code. We obtain a broadly applicable scaling relation for the peak magnetization achieved once a wind advects, piles-up, and drapes a body with magnetic field, reaching a quasi-steady state. We find that the dayside magnetic field for a sufficiently conductive body saturates when it balances the sum of incoming solar wind ram, magnetic, and thermal pressures. Stronger amplification results from pile-up by denser and faster winds. Careful quantification of numerical diffusivity is required for accurately interpreting the peak magnetic field strength from simulations, and corroborating with theory. As specifically applied to the Solar system, we find that early solar wind-induced field amplification is a viable source of magnetization for observed paleointensities in meteorites from some undifferentiated bodies. This mechanism may also be applicable to other Solar system bodies, including metal-rich bodies to be visited in future space missions such as the asteroid (16) Psyche.
From EMBER to FIRE: predicting high resolution baryon fields from dark matter simulations with deep learning
Authors: Bernardini M , Feldmann R , Anglés-Alcázar D , Boylan-Kolchin M , Bullock J , Mayer L , Stadel J 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Hydrodynamic simulations provide a powerful, but computationally expensive, approach to study the interplay of dark matter and baryons in cosmological structure formation. Here, we introduce the EMulating Baryonic EnRichment (EMBER) Deep Learning framework to predict baryon fields based on dark matter-only simulations thereby reducing computational cost. EMBER comprises two network architectures, U-Net and Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks (WGANs), to predict 2D gas and H i densities from dark matter fields. We design the conditional WGANs as stochastic emulators, such that multiple target fields can be sampled from the same dark matter input. For training we combine cosmological volume and zoom-in hydrodynamical simulations from the Feedback in Realistic Environments (FIRE) project to represent a large range of scales. Our fiducial WGAN model reproduces the gas and H i power spectra within 10 per cent accuracy down to ∼10 kpc scales. Furthermore, we investigate the capability of EMBER to predict high resolution baryon fields from low resolution dark matter inputs through upsampling techniques. As a practical application, we use this methodology to emulate high-resolution H i maps for a dark matter simulation of a $L=100\, \text{Mpc}\, h^{ -1}$ comoving cosmological box. The gas content of dark matter haloes and the H i column density distributions predicted by EMBER agree well with results of large volume cosmological simulations and abundance matching models. Our method provides a computationally efficient, stochastic emulator for augmenting dark matter only simulations with physically consistent maps of baryon fields.