bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework for delivering nursing care to older adults with COVID‐19 in nursing homes
Authors: Gray‐Miceli Deanna , Rogowski Jeannette , de Cordova Pamela B. , Boltz Marie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPublic health emergencies threaten the lives of U.S. citizens, often in disproportionate ways. Hardest hit are vulnerable populations of older adults (OAs) residing in nursing homes (NHs), who comprised nearly 43% of all deaths from COVID‐19 in NHs in 2020. New Jersey (NJ) ranks #2 nationally behind New York with the highest numbers of resident deaths; more than 50% of all COVID‐19‐related deaths in NJ have occurred in NHs. This public health emergency has prompted investigators to evaluate existing structural, resident, process of care, regulatory, and policy characteristics that have impacted the delivery of nursing care within NJ NHs. In this manuscript, we discuss data from NJ NHs during COVID‐19, drawing from publicly available data, state reports, and the geriatric literature to offer recommendations. Based on evidence‐based practices (EBPs), we present a series of recommendations to modify existing contextual factors in NHs to best prepare for the next health disaster.
Living with parents with problematic substance use: Impacts and turning points
Authors: Maina Geoffrey , Ogenchuk Marcella , Gaudet Summer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundGrowing up in an environment where substance use is prevalent creates a climate for adverse childhood experiences. These experiences can contribute to mental and psychological problems later in life.MethodsThis study used an exploratory study design to explore the experiences of individuals whose upbringing was influenced by substance use at home or who had parents with addiction problems.ResultsFour themes shaped the participants' lives: (1) impact of substance use at home on children; (2) school influences on substance use; (3) aggravating traumatic life experiences, and d) rebuilding a battered life.ConclusionGrowing up in homes with addictions created an environment for traumatic events and encounters. Participants adopted diverse strategies to cope with these experiences, such as leaving home, using substances early in life, and dropping out of school.Screening and intervention for childhood trauma should be encouraged both in schools and community health settings. Such interventions can reduce substance use among school children to deal with ensuing trauma.
UNRWA’s role in promoting health outcomes of Palestinian refugees in Jordan: A systematic literature review
Authors: Alduraidi Hamza , Abdulla Aqel Ahmad , Saleh Zyad , Almansour Issa , Darawad Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe mandate of the United Nations Relief and Work Agency in the Near East (UNRWA) includes education and health services of registered Palestinian refugees in Jordan and other countries. UNRWA is facing limited funding because of unstable political circumstances. This review aims to spotlight the importance of UNRWA’s role in promoting Palestinian refugees’ health inside and outside camps in Jordan.MethodThis systematic review was conducted through iteratively searching electronic research databases for original, recent, full‐text literature regarding the health and social outcomes of Palestinian refugees in Jordan.ResultsThe 12 reviewed studies showed that UNRWA’s programs through its clinics and schools have a crucial role in improving Palestinian refugees’ health outcomes such as adolescents’ cigarette smoking prevalence, infant mortality, non‐communicable disease management, health‐related quality of life, mental/psychological health services, and reproductive health. Access to UNRWA’s health services may account for better or comparable health outcomes among Palestinian refugees.ConclusionDespite the short funding and political pressures, UNRWA has provided aid and services to Palestinian refugees inside and outside refugee camps in Jordan. UNRWA's role is crucial in maintaining decent health outcomes in this vulnerable, underserved population. The further limiting of UNRWA funding may jeopardize the health of millions.
Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy (LED 630 nm) on Muscle and Nerve Histomorphometry after Axonotmesis
Authors: Della Santa Giovanna Moura Lamas , Ferreira Marcílio Coelho , Machado Thaís Peixoto Gaiad , Oliveira Murilo Xavier , Santos Ana Paula 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPeripheral injuries constitute a substantial clinical problem with unsatisfactory treatment. The study’s objective was to analyze the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on median nerve regeneration and muscle recovery after axonotmesis. Twenty‐four rats were randomized into three groups: control (CG), injury (IG), and LED therapy (LEDG). A 630 ± 20 nm (300‐mW) LED was placed in contact with the skin. One point over the injury site was irradiated for 30 s, delivering 9 J (9 J cm−2). PBMT irradiation was performed once daily for 5 days followed by two‐day interval and then more five consecutive days of treatment. Proximal and distal segments of the nerve and flexors muscles were removed for histomorphometric analysis using H&E staining for muscles and osmium tetroxide for nerves. The myelinated fiber and axon diameter and the myelin sheath thickness were greater in the proximal and distal nerve segments in the LEDG compared to the IG (P ≤ 0.05). The number of myelinated fibers was greater in the distal segment of the LEDG (P ≤ 0.05). The area, circumference, and diameter of the muscle fibers were larger in the LEDG than in the IG (P ≤ 0.05). The PBMT protocol used favored axonal regeneration and muscle recovery.
Electrocortical correlates of impaired motor inhibition and outcome processing are related in high binge‐watching
Authors: Dieterich Raoul , Wüllhorst Verena , Berghäuser Julia , Overmeyer Rebecca , Endrass Tanja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractModels posit problematic binge‐watching to involve a vicious circle of low motivation for alternative activities, low sensitivity for the consequences of neglected goals, and low self‐control. As such, simultaneously impaired feedback and inhibitory functioning might contribute to binge‐watching. We tested the hypothesis that blunted feedback‐related brain activity is coupled with attenuated inhibitory brain activity in binge‐watchers. High (n = 32) and non‐binge‐watchers (n = 31) performed go/nogo (inhibition) and stop signal (stopping) tasks and a flanker paradigm with performance feedback during electroencephalography. We examined how neural correlates of inhibition and stopping were associated with outcome processing in each group. We assessed the temporospatial relationship using a single‐trial regression approach. High binge‐watchers, but not non‐binge‐watchers, who differentiated less between gains and losses at the neural level (feedback‐P3b) also recruited less brain activity during both inhibition and stopping (inhibition‐P3 and stopping‐P3). Exploratory analyses suggested that these relationships were most prominent in high binge‐watchers with high loss of control over watching. Main effects of the group in performance or EEG did not emerge. These results suggest a potentially problematic interaction between outcome and inhibitory functions in binge‐watchers. Insensitivity to behavioral consequences along with inhibitory impairments may also confer a long‐term risk for compulsive watching. Our multi‐modal approach may be particularly suited to detect such an underlying risk marker.
Production of sexed bovine embryos in vitro can be improved by selection of sperm treatment and co‐culture system
Authors: Travnickova Ivona , Hulinska Pavlina , Kubickova Svatava , Hanzalova Katerina , Kempisty Bartozs , Nemcova Lucie , Machatkova Marie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe study investigated the effects of sperm sorting, capacitation treatment and co‐cultivation on sexed bovine in vitro embryo production. The effect of treatment and co‐culture on production of embryos of the preferred sex from unsorted sperm was also studied. Sperm from five breeding bulls was used for fertilization of mature oocytes as follows: Experiment 1, sorted and unsorted sperm (bulls A‐E) treated only with heparin in standard co‐cultures; Experiment 2, sorted sperm (bulls A‐E) treated with heparin‐PHE (penicillamine, hypotaurine, and epinephrine) or heparin‐caffeine in drop co‐cultures; and Experiment 3, unsorted sperm (bull E) treated with either heparin‐PHE or heparin‐caffeine in both standard and drop co‐cultures. In all bulls, treatment with heparin resulted in significantly (p < .05) reduced cleavage and blastocyst rates from sorted sperm, as compared with those from unsorted sperm. In bulls A, B, D and E, treatment of sorted sperm with heparin‐PHE in drops significantly increased the blastocyst rate (p < .05). In unsorted sperm of bull E, heparin‐PHE treatment in drops resulted in the XX/XY sex ratio inverse to that obtained by heparin‐caffeine treatment in standard co‐cultures (32.3%/67.7% and 66.7%/33.3%, respectively). In conclusion, the treatment of sorted sperm with heparin‐PHE in modified drop co‐cultures can be recommended for production of in vitro sexed embryos. The use of unsorted sperm for production of embryos of the preferred sex by selected capacitation treatment and co‐culture can be the method of choice in bulls with low IVF yields from sorted sperm.
Post‐release dispersal and breeding site suitability of reintroduced populations of the Crested Ibis in Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Wang Fang , Li Min , Zhang Ya‐Shuai , Zhao Wen‐Ai , Liu Dan‐Ni , Zhang Ya‐Zu , Zhang Hu , Ye Xin‐Ping , Yu Xiao‐Ping 
Published: March 2021

Post‐release dispersal of reintroduced animals refers to the process of successful colonization and failed settlement. To ensure the establishment and persistence of a reintroduced population, the impacts of different factors on the post‐release dispersal of captive‐bred animals must be assessed. In this article, we focused on two reintroduced Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) populations in Shaanxi Province, China. We applied multiple approaches to evaluate the effects of age, body weight, sex, timing of release, size of acclimatization cages for rewilding, and duration of acclimatization on the survival rate of released populations. The results showed that the survival capacity of released individuals was negatively correlated with their age in Ningshan County (Spearman, r = −0.344, p = 0.03, n = 41). The released ibises in Ningshan and Qianyang County had an average dispersal direction of 210.53° ± 40.54° (Rayleigh's z test: z = 7.881 > z0.05, p < 0.01, n = 13) and 27.05° ± 2.85° (Rayleigh's z test: z = 5.985 > z0.05, p < 0.01, n = 6), respectively, suggesting that the dispersal tended to clump in one direction in both sites. The MaxEnt modeling results indicated that the most significant environmental factor responsible for breeding site selection in Ningshan County was paddy field. In Qianyang County, precipitation affects nest site selection through influencing food availability. In conclusion, the evaluation framework used in this study can serve as an example for developing conservation priorities on the landscape scale for more animal reintroductions.
The marked body – a qualitative study on survivors embodied experiences of a COVID‐19 illness trajectory
Authors: Missel Malene , Bernild Camilla , Westh Christensen Signe , Dagyaran Ilkay , Kikkenborg Berg Selina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundResearch on COVID‐19 has reported data on epidemiology and pathophysiology but less about what it means to be a person living through this illness. Research involving the patients’ perspectives may help to improve healthcare professionals' understanding of ways to support patients.AimsTo gain in‐depth understanding of the meaning of a COVID‐19 illness trajectory from the patients’ perspective.MethodsFifteen participants who had undergone an illness trajectory due to confirmed COVID‐19 infection participated in individual qualitative interviews. Data collection, analysis and interpretation were inspired by Ricoeur’s philosophy and Merleau‐Ponty’s phenomenology of perception and embodiment has been applied as a theoretical frame.FindingsBeing infected with coronavirus is expressed as an experience in which the participants oscillate between relief, security, imprisonment and raw fear. A predominant focus on the physical dimensions of the diseased body was found in the encounters between patient and healthcare system, and distance may furthermore be a consequence of use of protective equipment. Stigma and fear of infection were also expressed. After COVID‐19, an overwhelming feeling of a door opening to freedom is perceived. However, the body is marked, and bears witness to decay from this insidious and frightening virus. The responsibility for assessing their bodily symptoms is placed with the individual patients themselves, who feel lonely and fearful and this keeps them indoors.ConclusionsDuring a COVID‐19 illness, trajectory concerns about the unknown course of this disease are highlighted. Isolation is confrontational; however, a companionship between patients might emerge. The study shed light on an unavoidable gap between the patients and healthcare professionals due to the use protective equipment. After COVID‐19, the body is labelled as something others fear and become a symbol of awe and alienation for others.
Dependence structure between oil and other commodity futures in China based on extreme value theory and copulas
Authors: Hussain Saiful Izzuan , Li Steven 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the dependence structure between oil futures with other major commodities including gold, copper, zinc, aluminium, rubber, corn, cotton and sugar in China. To this end, we apply the extreme value theory (EVT) and dynamic copula approach, which allows for measuring both average and tail dependence. Contrary to the findings in the literature on stock markets, this paper reveals significant right tail dependence rather than left tail dependence between oil futures and most of the other eight commodities. These findings provide a new insight regarding the behaviour of oil and other major commodities. This paper thus has some significant implications for investors, risk managers and policymakers.
PROCASE: A Prototype of Intelligent Case-Based Process Planning System With Simulation Environment
Authors: Yang Hao , Lu Wen F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An intelligent case-based process planning system with interactive graphic simulation environment, PROCASE, is developed to demonstrate an integrated methodology of case-based process planning system. In PROCASE, both the mechanical part features and the machining operations are represented with a frame based scheme. PROCASE contains a retriever, a modifier, a simulator and a repairer. It distinguishes itself from traditional rule-based process planning systems by representing the process planning knowledge through previous process planning cases instead of production rules. It therefore can overcome some problems in the traditional rule-based expert systems.
PROCASE currently resides in IRIS Indigo workstation. With a user friendly graphic environment, the generated process plans can be demonstrated vividly. This simulation environment not only serves as a good assistance in debugging, but also helps the user to be convinced of the outcomes of the reasoning of PROCASE.
ELK: A Method for Eliciting Knowledge From Customers
Authors: Hauge Patrick L. , Stauffer Larry A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A methodology of eliciting customer requirements with regard to issues confronted during the design process is presented.. Our methodology is derived from a taxonomy of design issues formulated around the needs of the customer and a method of knowledge elicitation used in the development of expert systems. The results of an experimental study using our methodology compared to a traditional qualitative marketing research strategy is also presented.
The Evolution of Function and Behavior During Mechanical Design
Authors: Ullman David G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper explores the meaning and evolution of function and behavior during mechanical design. The paper is based on an example from practice. The goal is to develop a model of the information developed during the design process and thus define the types of data inherent in mechanical design. Beyond the academic interest of defining function and behavior, this work is important to the development of representations for computer based design history and design rationale tools and techniques.
Nonlinear Rolling Motion of a Statically Biased Ship Under the Effect of External and Parametric Excitation
Authors: Esparza Isaac , Falzarano Jeffrey 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, global analysis of ship rolling motion as effected by parametric excitation is studied. The parametric excitation results from the roll restoring moment variation as a wave train passes. In addition to the parametric excitation, an external periodic wave excitation and steady wind bias are also included in the analysis. The roll motion is the most critical motion for a ship because of the possibility of capsizing. The boundaries in the Poincaré map which separate initial conditions which eventually evolve to bounded steady state solutions and those which lead to unbounded capsizing motion are studied. The changes in these boundaries or manifolds as effected by changes in the ship and environmental conditions are analyzed. The region in the Poincaré map which lead to bounded steady state motions is called the safe basin. The size of this safe basin is a measure of the vessel’s resistance to capsizing.
Torsional Vibration Analysis of Shafts With Sections of Tapered Diameter
Authors: Baker John R. , Rouch Keith E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the development of two tapered finite elements for use in torsional vibration analysis of rotor systems. These elements are particularly useful in analysis of systems that have shaft sections with linearly varying diameters. Both elements are defined by two end nodes, and inertia matrices are derived based on a consistent mass formulation. One element assumes a cubic displacement function and has two degrees of freedom at each node: rotation about the shaft’s axis and change in angle of rotation with respect to the axial distance along the shaft. The other element assumes a linear displacement function and has one rotational degree of freedom at each node.
The elements are implemented in a computer program. Calculated natural frequencies and mode shapes are compared for both tapered shaft sections and constant diameter sections. These results are compared with results from an available constant diameter element. It is shown that the element derived assuming a cubic displacement function offers much better convergence characteristics in terms of calculated natural frequencies, both for tapered sections and constant diameter sections, than either of the other two elements. The finite element code that was developed for implementation of these elements is specifically designed for torsional vibration analysis of rotor systems. Lumped inertia, lumped stiffness, and gear connection elements necessary for rotor system analysis are also discussed, as well as calculation of natural frequencies, mode shapes, and amplitudes of response due to a harmonic torque input.
Stability and Response of Rotors Supported on Active Magnetic Bearings
Authors: Ramesh K. , Kirk R. G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A PC-based program has been developed which is capable of performing stability analysis and response calculations of rotor-bearing systems. The paper discusses the modeling of rotors supported on active magnetic bearings (AMB) and highlights the advantages in the modeling using the finite element method, over the transfer matrix method. An 8-stage centrifugal compressor supported on AMB was chosen for the case study. The results for the stability analysis, obtained using the finite element program was compared with those obtained by the well established transfer matrix codes. The results of unbalance response, including the effects of sensor non collocation are presented and this demonstrates how an AMB supported rotor can experience a synchronous instability for selected sensor locations and balance distributions.
The Methodology and Environment for Modeling and Implementation in Concurrent Engineering
Authors: Cha Jianzhong , Guo Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Concurrent Design, characterized with the integration of a large scale information and knowledge environment in a Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS), will involve multidiscipline and multidomain of knowledge. This will lead to the difficulty to implement the concurrent design with the nature of complexity, integrality and systematicity in design process, which caused by the above mentioned knowledge integration.
This paper, based on the fundamental theory of design processes and adopted the knowledge processing theory and techniques offered by Intelligence Engineering, has investigated: the descriptive models which represent the general framework of concurrent design processes; the cognitive models that highlights the reasoning aspect performed by group of human experts from multidisciplines in concurrent design process; the prescriptive model which is prepared for being used in an computerized automated concurrent design system; the computable model represented with the object-oriented method, which can be executed in the computer world for automated concurrent design. Also this paper developed an engineering environment of analyzing, modeling and implementing with an architecture of Integrated Intelligent Unit, borrowed from the theory of Intelligence Engineering. In a separate paper, the authors apply the above methodology to a concrete concurrent design on a mechanical system to show the feasibility and advantages of the proposed method.
A Robust Optimization Procedure With Variations on Design Variables and Constraints
Authors: Sundaresan Sivakumar , Ishii Kosuke , Houser Donald R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a procedure that incorporates manufacturing and operational variances to achieve designs with robust and optimal performance. The procedure optimizes the expected value of a performance characteristic subject to a set of constraints. It uses concepts from statistical design of experiments to approximate the expected value of a performance characteristic. The procedure incorporates uncertainties in design variables and variations in constraints due to uncertainty in design variables. This paper discusses the following three methods to incorporate variations in constraints: 1) A method using heuristics that evaluates constraints at the worst combinations of design variables, 2) A method with built-in constraint variation that models constraints using first order Taylor expansion, and 3) A method based on differentiating KKT optimality conditions. The design of spur and helical gears with minimum transmission error serves as the target application. The key gear design research issue is to determine the optimal combination of geometric design variables like number of teeth, pressure angle that minimizes transmission error subject to constraints like minimum number of teeth to avoid undercut and maximum bending stress.
Multicriteria Optimization in Structural Design: State of the Art
Authors: Koski Juhani 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to give a general description of the research work made in the field of multicriteria structural optimization. More than eighty publications have been considered in this study where completed works rather than open questions in the field are particularly emphasized. The basic concepts, especially Pareto optimality, and the motivation of the multicriteria approach are briefly discussed. The classification of the multicriteria structural design process is proposed and it is used in describing the published applications.