bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Cases of Epstein-Barr Virus–Positive Mucocutaneous Ulcer Mimicking Head and Neck Cancers in 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Kawamura Hitomi , Koyasu Sho , Sugimoto Akihiko , Nakamoto Yuji 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus–positive mucocutaneous ulcer is a newly recognized clinicopathological entity among mature B-cell neoplasms according to the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria. Here, we present FDG PET/CT images of 2 Epstein-Barr virus–positive mucocutaneous ulcer cases. Both cases shown in the images mimicked head and neck cancers, which are similar to carcinomas of the tonsil and gingiva, respectively, and both lesions showed intense FDG uptake on PET scan.
Cavernous Hemangioma
Authors: Scolozzi Valentina , Giancipoli Romina Grazia , Macciomei Maria Cristina , Vigna Leonardo , Leccisotti Lucia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We report the case of a 72-year-old woman who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, right quadrantectomy (invasive ductal carcinoma, G3, pT2pN1pMx), and adjuvant radiotherapy. Two years later, a follow-up CT revealed a hepatic nodule of approximately 1 cm suspected for metastasis. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed for restaging. Standard total-body 18F-FDG PET/CT acquisition showed no abnormal 18F-FDG uptake in the hepatic nodule. A delayed 18F-FDG PET/CT acquisition of upper abdomen was performed at 180 minutes postradiopharmaceutical injection and showed increased 18F-FDG uptake in the hepatic nodule. After nodule resection, the histological examination proved a cavernous hemangioma.
A4 Pulley Reconstruction Using the Superficialis Oblique Flap and the Transverse Double Loop Techniques
Authors: Galán Ricardo , Manrique Oscar J. , Bustos Samyd S. , Arango Diego , Correa Diana , Terán Diego , Vergara María , Moran Steven L. 
Published: July 2021

Background
The pulley system plays an important role in flexion mechanism. Reconstruction after trauma can be challenging. Numerous techniques have been described with several drawbacks. Herein, we describe the superficialis flap oblique technique for A4 pulley reconstruction using an animal model.

Methods
Forty-two fresh legs of 21 eight-week-old chickens were used to evaluate the maximum flexion angle (MFA) and force at maximum flexion (FMF) in intact and sectioned A4 pulley equivalents of the third digit after reconstruction with the transverse double loop (TDL) technique and the superficialis oblique flap (SOF) technique. Biomechanical measurements were obtained in an exclusively designed instrument. Descriptive statistics were reported, and mean differences between the reconstructive techniques were analyzed.

Results
Intact and severed A4 pulley equivalent average MFA were 96.50° ± 1.70° and 115.60° ± 1.50°, respectively. Average FMF were 8.16 ± 0.23 psi with the intact pulley and 6.92 ± 0.20 psi with the sectioned pulley (P < 0.001). After reconstruction with TDL and SOF techniques, the legs reached an average MFA at the distal interphalangeal joint of 98.13° ± 1.20° and 96.90° ± 1.30°, respectively. Mean MFA difference was 1.23° (P = 0.03). Force at maximum flexion was 8.12 psi and 8.10 psi for the TDL and SOF techniques (P = 0.6), respectively.

Conclusions
The authors believe that SOF technique for A4 pulley reconstruction can be used as first option when available, taking into account its theoretical advantages and its proven biomechanical characteristics. Long-term functional results should be assessed to translate these results into the clinical setting.
Anthropometric Analysis of the Orbital Region in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Healthy Controls
Authors: Topal Zehra , Bahşi Ilhan , Karadag Mehmet , Sarp Ayse Sevde , Akkaya Canan , Gokcen Cem 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It was aimed to examine the orbital region in children with autism spectrum disorder and comparison with the healthy controls in the present study. A total of 195 children and adolescents (101 of them were in the autism group, 94 of them were in healthy group) were evaluated. Anterior view photographs were taken, and endocanthion (en), exocanthion (ex), and pupil were determined bilaterally on the photographs. Outer canthal (ex-ex), intercanthal (ex-en), inner canthal (en-en) and interpupillary distances were measured and intercanthal index [(en-en / ex-ex) × 100] was calculated. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups for males for all parameters, while a statistically significant difference was not observed for females. All orbital region distances were higher in male autistic children. Although minor physical anomalies in children and adolescents with autism have been reported before, anthropometric measurements in individuals with autism may differ between genders. Further studies are needed to investigate the differences between genders in autism spectrum disorder.
Comparison of the Stability of Sandblasted, Large-Grit, and Acid-Etched Treated Mini-Screws With Two Different Surface Roughness Values: A Histomorphometric Study
Authors: Seker Elif Dilara , Yavuz Ibrahim , Yucesoy Turker , Cenkci Ebru , Yay Arzu 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:To evaluate the effects of 2 different surface roughness values produced by sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched treatments at different loading conditions on the stability of mini-screws.Material and Methods:A total of 56 mini-screws (Group 1; 28 with Ra value of 1 μm, Group 2; 28 with Ra value of 1.5 μm) were inserted into the tibia of fourteen New Zealand rabbits. Surface analysis was performed before the placement of the miniscrews using multi-technique characterization. The mini-screws were loaded with 500 grf after different healing times: unloaded, immediate, 4 and 8 weeks. Resonance frequency analyses were performed immediately after mini-screw placement and at the end of loading. Biomechanical and histomorphometric analyses were also performed at the end of the loading period.Results:All mini-screws preserved their stability at the end of the loading period. However, the resonance frequency analyses showed higher implant stability quotient scores for 8-week group, unlike the immediate loading and unloaded groups (P< 0.05). According to the infinite focus microscopy results, prolongation of healing time resulted in a greater bone area on the loaded mini-screws in Group 2 (P< 0.05). Similarly, the histomorphometric analysis revealed higher bone-to-implant contact values in the 8-week group. There was no significant difference in the stability between the miniscrews with the Ra values of 1 and 1.5 μm.Conclusions:Sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched treated mini-screws showed significantly higher stability with healing time under heavy forces. Sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched treated mini-screws can be removed without fracture of the screw or the bone surfaces.
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Arising in the Lacrimal Sac
Authors: Kim Jonghyun , Kim Joohyun , Baek Sehyun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The authors report a single case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma arising in the lacrimal sac. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is a third most common primary ocular adnexal lymphoma, which is the most common primary ocular malignant disease in adults. A patient came to our clinic with epiphora and a growing mass in the lacrimal sac. Enhanced computed tomography imaging suggested the presence of a malignant tumor and surgical excision and biopsy were performed. A final diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was reached by immunohistological and immunochemical staining. Two months after surgery, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma relapse occurred in the lacrimal sac and the patient underwent 6 cycles of chemotherapy. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is a curable disease when diagnosed early, and aggressive biopsy during surgery of the lacrimal sac is necessary to diagnose diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the early stage. It is important to distinguish diffuse large B-cell lymphoma from other lacrimal system diseases.
Cervical Oblique Corpectomy: Revitalizing the Underused Surgical Approach With Step-By-Step Simulation in Cadavers
Authors: Balak Naci , Baran Oguz , Denli Yalvac Emine Seyma , Esen Aydin Aysegul , Kumbasar Ali , Tanriover Necmettin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recently, the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies Spine committee recommended that additional research on cost-benefit analysis of various surgical approaches for cervical spondylotic myelopathy be carried out and their efficacy with long-term outcomes be compared. Unfortunately, it is highly probable that the oblique corpectomy (OC) will not be included in cost-benefit investigations due to its infrequent application by neurosurgeons dealing with the spine. In this cadaveric study, head and necks of 5 adult human cadavers stained with colored latex and preserved in 70% alcohol solution were dissected under a table-mounted surgical microscope using 3× to 40× magnifications. The OC approach was performed to simulate real surgery, and the neurovascular structures encountered during the procedure and their relations with each other were examined. Oblique corpectomy was performed unilaterally, although neck dissections were performed bilaterally on 10 sides in all 5 cadavers. At each stage of the dissection, multiple three-dimensional photographs were obtained from different angles and distances. For an optimal OC, both the anterior spinal cord must be sufficiently decompressed and sufficient bone must be left in place to prevent instability in the cervical spine. Oblique corpectomy is a valid and potentially low cost alternative to other anterior and posterior approaches in the surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. However, meticulous cadaver studies are essential before starting real surgical practice on patients in order to perform it effectively and to avoid the risks of the technique.
Movement, Music, and Service Learning
Authors: Childers Christine 
Published: July 2021

Importance:
Lack of geriatric health care professionals is a growing concern. Negative attitudes toward older adults and aging bias in students can impact quality of care, and lack of evidence-informed practice has been linked to early training. Students must be nurtured to provide quality-appropriate care for older adults.

Objective:
To explore the development of an evidence-based program for older adults, specifically for balance training, to be used with students in a service-learning capacity.

Design Setting, and Participants:
A qualitative case study was conducted with physical and occupational therapy students, led by faculty, engaging in service-learning experiences. Students were from 3 consecutive cohorts attending a health sciences gerontology class. One-third of the students were randomly selected to participate in the developed movement and music workshop at senior centers, assisted living facilities, and memory care units. The remaining students participated in general activities in the same or similar locations. Surveys were completed by the students as well as a reflection paper.

Exposures:
Students participated in a 1-hour movement and music workshop alongside volunteer older adults. The workshop was developed using motivational theories and evidence-based recommendations for balance interventions for older adults.

Main Outcome:
Student surveys demonstrated a progressive ability to recommend advanced balance interventions for older adults. Student surveys and reflective papers showed that the service-learning workshop had specifically enhanced their comprehension of motivation and meaningful activities to push older adults.

Results:
The ability for students to recommend intermediate-level balance activities increased by 15% with a class only, but then advanced activity recommendations improved by 68% in those attending the workshop. Psychosocial aspects only emerged after the workshop. Service learning influenced all students, but concepts of motivation and meaningful activities were more understood by those participating in the movement workshop.

Conclusion and Relevance:
Service learning is an excellent opportunity for faculty to demonstrate to students how to apply evidence-informed interventions in a manner appropriate and motivational for older adults.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging Assessment of Optic Pathway Function in Patients With Anterior Visual Pathway Compression
Authors: Kang Koung Mi , Choi Eun-Jung , Jung Woojin , Lee Jongho , Choi Seung Hong , Kim Yong Hwy 
Published: July 2021

Background:
In patients with sellar or parasellar tumors, it is crucial to evaluate visual field impairment in the preoperative stage and to predict visual field improvement after the surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) parameters in the optic radiations with preoperative and postoperative visual field impairment.

Methods:
This prospective study included 81 participants with sellar or parasellar tumors. Multishell diffusion imaging and a visual field impairment score (VFIS) were acquired before and after the surgery. The multishell diffusion-weighted imaging was acquired to measure the neurite density and neurite orientation dispersion, as well as the diffusivity. DTI parameters were fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity (RD). NODDI provided intracellular volume fraction (Vic), the orientation dispersion index, and isotropic volume fraction (Viso). The associations of DTI and NODDI parameters in the optic radiations with VFIS were investigated, adjusting for age, tumor height, and symptom duration.

Results:
Among 162 optic radiations, 117 were functionally impaired in the preoperative stage. FA and Vic had significant negative correlations, whereas MD and RD had significant positive correlations with the VFIS (all P < 0.001). In the preoperative stage, lower FA (P = 0.001; odds ratio = 0.750) and Vic (P = 0.003; OR = 0.827) and higher MD (P = 0.007; OR = 1.244) and RD (P < 0.001; OR = 1.361) were significantly associated with the presence of visual field impairment. For the degree of postoperative improvement, preoperative lower Vic (P = 0.034; OR = 0.910) and higher MD (P = 0.037; OR = 1.103) and RD (P = 0.047; OR = 1.090) were significantly associated with more postoperative improvement.

Conclusions:
DTI and NODDI parameters in the optic radiations were correlated with VFIS and associated with preoperative visual field impairments and postoperative improvement. It may help in predicting visual field improvement after the surgery in patients with sellar or parasellar tumors.
“More Guts Than Brains?”–The Role of Gut Microbiota in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Berkowitz Eran , Kopelman Yael , Kadosh Dana , Carasso Shaqed , Tiosano Beatrice , Kesler Anat , Geva-Zatorsky Naama 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension syndrome (IIH) is most common among obese women. Weight loss is an important factor in improving papilledema. Over the last decade, growing evidence has identified gut microbiota as a potential factor in the pathophysiology of obesity. Accordingly, we investigated whether the gut microbiome is modified in IIH patients compared with healthy controls, and provide possible new treatment venues.

Methods:
Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of the gut microbiome of 25 cases of IIH patients (according to the modified Dandy criteria) and 20 healthy controls. Participants were further stratified according to their body mass index. The total DNA from each sample was extracted using the PureLink Microbiome DNA Purification Kit A29789 (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, US). Library preparation was performed using the Nextera DNA Flex Library Prep Kit. Samples were sequenced on the Illumina Novaseq 6000 device. A list of bacterial species that significantly differed between the IIH patients and healthy controls was produced in addition to species diversity. In addition, patients' cohort alone was analyzed, (excluding the healthy controls), and the effect of acetazolamide treatment on their gut microbiota was analyzed.

Results:
IIH patients have a lower diversity of bacterial species compared with healthy individuals. These bacteria, that is, Lactobacillus ruminis (L. ruminis) (p<6.95E-08), Atopobium parvulum (p<3.9E-03), Megamonas hypermegale (p<5.61E-03), Ruminococcus gnavus (p<1.29E-02), MEL.A1 (p<3.04E-02), and Streptococcus sp. I-G2 (p<3.04E-02), were previously characterized with beneficial health effects. Moreover, we found that Lactobacillus brevis, a beneficial bacterium as well, is more abundant in acetazolamide treated patients (p<7.07E-06).

Conclusions:
Gut microbiota plays a potential role in IIH etiology and therefore, can provide a promising new treatment approach for this disease.
Within and between classroom transmission patterns of seasonal influenza among primary school students in Matsumoto city, Japan
Authors: Endo Akira , Uchida Mitsuo , Hayashi Naoki , Liu Yang , Atkins Katherine E. , Kucharski Adam J. , Funk Sebastian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSchools play a central role in the transmission of many respiratory infections. Heterogeneous social contact patterns associated with the social structures of schools (i.e. classes/grades) are likely to influence the within-school transmission dynamics, but data-driven evidence on fine-scale transmission patterns between students has been limited. Using a mathematical model, we analysed a large-scale dataset of seasonal influenza outbreaks in Matsumoto city, Japan to infer social interactions within and between classes/grades from observed transmission patterns. While the relative contribution of within-class and within-grade transmissions to the reproduction number varied with the number of classes per grade, the overall within-school reproduction number, which determines the initial growth of cases and the risk of sustained transmission, was only minimally associated with class sizes and the number of classes per grade. This finding suggests that interventions that change the size and number of classes, e.g. splitting classes and staggered attendance, may have limited effect on the control of school outbreaks. We also found that vaccination and mask-wearing of students were associated with reduced susceptibility (vaccination and mask-wearing) and infectiousness (mask-wearing) and hand washing with increased susceptibility. Our results show how analysis of fine-grained transmission patterns between students can improve understanding of within-school disease dynamics and provide insights into the relative impact of different approaches to outbreak control.SignificanceEmpirical evidence on detailed transmission patterns of influenza among students within and between classes and grades and how they are shaped by school population structure (e.g. class and school sizes) has been limited to date. We analysed a detailed dataset of seasonal influenza incidence in 29 primary schools in Japan and found that the reproduction number at school did not show any clear association with the size or the number of classes. Our findings suggest that the interventions that only focus on reducing the number of students in class at any moment in time (e.g. reduced class sizes and staggered attendance) may not be as effective as measures that aim to reduce within-class risk (e.g. mask-wearing and vaccines).
Performance of antigenic detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal samples
Authors: Lunca Catalina , Cojocaru Cristian , Gurzu Irina Luciana , Petrariu Florin Dumitru , Cojocaru Elena 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesSARS-CoV-2 virus detection on nasopharyngeal specimens to infected individuals has become a challenge for the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. We aim at comparing the performance of antigenic detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal samples via an immunochromatographic method to molecular detection via qRT-PCR.Materials and Methods47 nasopharyngeal exudates were collected from suspicious COVID-19 cases. The samples were performed both via the qualitative immuno-chromatographic method for S protein detection in the SARS-CoV-2 structure, using fluorescent labelled anti-protein S antibodies and via qRT-PCR test for the qualitative detection of the screening gene E and the specific ORF1ab region of the RNA-SARS-CoV-2.ResultsThere was a fair correlation between the positive antigen tests and the positive PCR assays measured through threshold cycle ORF1ab region (Ct orf). A better correlation was obtained between the antigen test results and the Ct orf when including patients with Ct orf below 25.ConclusionsUsing antigen tests as screening tests is useful on symptomatic persons during the viral replication period, therefore during the contagious period. A positive test shows a high predictive value for infection, while a negative antigen test result via immuno-chromatography must be confirmed by a qRT-PCR test.
Contamination of personal protective equipment during COVID-19 autopsies
Authors: Brandner Johanna M. , Boor Peter , Borcherding Lukas , Edler Carolin , Gerber Sven , Heinemann Axel , Hilsenbeck Julia , Kasajima Atsuko , Lohner Larissa , Märkl Bruno , Pablik Jessica , Schröder Ann Sophie , Sommer Linna , Slotta-Huspenina Julia , Sperhake Jan-Peter , von Stillfried Saskia , Dintner Sebastian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConfronted with an emerging infectious disease, the medical community faced relevant concerns regarding the performance of autopsies of COVID-19 deceased at the beginning of the pandemic. This attitude has changed, and autopsies are now recognized as indispensable tools for elucidating COVID-19; despite this, the true risk of infection for autopsy staff is still debated. To elucidate the rate of SARS-CoV-2 contamination in personal protective equipment (PPE), swabs were taken at nine locations of the PPE of one physician and an assistant each from 11 full autopsies performed at four different centers. Further samples were obtained for three minimally invasive autopsies (MIA) conducted at a fifth center. Lung/bronchus swabs of the deceased served as positive controls. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected by RT-qPCR. In 9/11 full autopsies PPE samples were tested RNA positive with PCR, in total 21% of all PPE samples taken. The main contaminated parts of the PPE were the gloves (64% positive), the aprons (50% positive), and the upper sides of shoes (36% positive) while for example the fronts of safety goggles were only positive in 4.5% of the samples and all face masks were negative. In MIA, viral RNA was observed in one sample from a glove, but not in other swabs. Infectious virus isolation in cell culture was performed in RNA positive swabs from full autopsies. Of all RNA positive PPE samples, 21% of the glove samples were positive for infectious virus taken in 3/11 full autopsies. In conclusion, in >80% of autopsies, PPE was contaminated with viral RNA. In >25% of autopsies, PPE was found to be even contaminated with infectious virus, signifying a potential risk of infection among autopsy staff. Adequate PPE and hygiene measures, including appropriate waste deposition, are therefore mandatory to enable safe work environment.