bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Mass Media‐Delivered Family Planning Campaigns in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: A Meta‐Analysis of Advertising and Entertainment‐Education Format Effects
Authors: Rogers Dana , Snyder Leslie B. , Rego Michelle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEffective family planning methods are shown to save lives, contribute to gender equality, and boost economic development. Mass media communication campaigns in low‐ and middle‐income countries have been effective in increasing contraceptive use, although the strategies that increase the likelihood of success are unclear. The present study uses meta‐analyses to uncover the average effect of media campaigns on family planning behaviors in low‐ and middle‐income countries and to examine the effectiveness of two communication strategies: entertainment‐education and advertising/public service announcements. Results indicated that mass media‐delivered family planning campaigns have a positive impact on family planning behaviors: d = 0.19, 95% CI [0.15, 0.24] for women (k = 64), d = 0.16, 95% CI [0.11, 0.21] for men (k = 27), and d = 0.20, 95% CI [0.17, 0.23] for an undifferentiated target group of men and women (k = 37). The use of an entertainment‐education format, often in addition to campaign advertising messages, was associated with greater campaign success rates for women. Men, however, responded negatively to education‐entertainment and positively to campaigns using only advertising and public service announcement formats. Recommendations for future family planning mass media campaigns and academic research opportunities are discussed.
Asymmetry in sprinting: An insight into sub‐10 and sub‐11 s men and women sprinters
Authors: Bissas Athanassios , Walker Josh , Paradisis Giorgos P. , Hanley Brian , Tucker Catherine B. , Jongerius Nils , Thomas Aaron , Merlino Stéphane , Vazel Pierre‐Jean , Girard Olivier 
Published: September 2021

We assessed sprint mechanical asymmetry in world‐class competitors and evaluated whether inter‐limb sex‐based differences in sprinting mechanics exist. The eight finalists in the men's and women's 100 m events at the 2017 IAAF World Championships were studied. Five high‐speed cameras (150 Hz) were used to capture two consecutive steps of the whole body between 47.0 m and 55.5 m from the start, while four additional cameras (250 Hz) focussed on the lower extremities. A total of 33 spatio‐temporal, touchdown and toe‐off joint angles, and horizontal and vertical foot velocity parameters were extracted through three‐dimensional analysis. Group mean asymmetry scores were assessed using the symmetry angle (SA) where scores of 0% and 100% represent perfect symmetry and perfect asymmetry, respectively. Although considered generally low (SA <3% for 22 out of 33 parameters), the magnitude of mechanical asymmetry varied widely between sprinters of the same sex. However, there was no mean SA scores difference between men and women for any stride mechanical parameters (all p ≥ 0.064). Asymmetry scores were inconsistent between parameters and phases (touchdown vs toe‐off instants), and sprinting mechanics were generally not related to asymmetry magnitudes. In summary, low to moderate asymmetry is a natural phenomenon in elite sprinting. Asymmetry was inconsistent between parameters and competitors during near maximum velocity running, yet mean values for a given parameter generally did not differ between sexes. Sprinters’ performances were not related to their SA scores.
Improving the students' learning process through the use of statistical applets
Authors: Variyath Asokan Mulayath , Nadarajah Tharshanna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUndergraduate statistics teaching has always faced the challenge of improving the learning quality on a continuous basis. Interactive statistical applets can enhance statistical knowledge by providing multiple representations of basic concepts and facilitating experimentation. The use of these applets will simplify the efforts for teaching statistics, especially in convincing students of the usability of statistics and facilitating quick learning in undergraduate courses. We developed and implemented a set of web‐based statistical applets from the following areas: Basic Statistics, Coin Toss App, Scatterplot‐Regression Line, Standard Normal Distribution, Normal Distribution, Histogram, Histogram (Case Examples), and Sampling ‐ Canada Map. These interactive applets can perform specific statistical tasks to improve the students' learning process.
Association between the length of storage of transfused leukoreduced red blood cell units and hospital‐acquired infections in critically ill children: A secondary analysis of the TRIPICU study
Authors: Flatman Leah K. , Fergusson Dean A. , Lacroix Jacques , Ducruet Thierry , Papenburg Jesse , Fontela Patricia S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate the association between leukoreduced red blood cell (RBC) storage length and hospital‐acquired infection (HAI) incidence rate in critically ill children.BackgroundRBC transfusions are common in critically ill children. Despite their benefits, observational studies suggest an association between them and HAIs. One possible mechanism for increased HAI is transfusion‐related immunomodulation due to bioactive substances' release as transfused blood ages.MethodsIn this secondary analysis of the ‘Transfusion Requirement in Paediatric Intensive Care Units’ (TRIPICU) study, we analysed a subset of 257 participants that received only one pre‐storage leukoreduced RBC transfusion. RBC storage length was classified as 1) transfusion of ‘fresh’ RBCs (≤10 days), 2) transfusion of ‘stored’ RBCs (21–34 days), and 3) transfusion of ‘long‐stored’ RBCs (≥35 days). All were compared to a ‘golden’ period (11–20 days), representing the time between ‘fresh’ and ‘stored’. We used quasi‐Poisson multivariable regression models to estimate the HAI incidence rate ratio (IRR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsWe found that the association between the length of storage time of leukoreduced RBCs and HAIs was not significant in the ‘fresh’ group (IRR 1.23; 95% CI 0.55, 2.78) and the ‘stored’ group (IRR 1.61; 95% CI 0.63, 4.13) when compared to the ‘golden’ period. However, we observed a statistically significant association between the ‘long‐stored’ group and an increase in the HAI incidence rate (IRR 3.66; 95% CI 1.22, 10.98).ConclusionTransfusion of leukoreduced RBC units stored for ≥35 days is associated with increased HAI incidence rate in haemodynamically stable, critically ill children.
Impact of hookworm infection and preventive chemotherapy on haemoglobin in non‐pregnant populations
Authors: Byrne Aisling , Manalo Giselle , Clarke Naomi E. , Vaz Nery Susana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of hookworm infection and preventive chemotherapy on haemoglobin levels in non‐pregnant populations in endemic areas.MethodSystematic review and meta‐analysis searching PubMed and Web of Science for articles published since 2010 reporting either hookworm prevalence and Hb concentration (cross‐sectional studies) or Hb concentration before and after the implementation of preventive chemotherapy (before–after studies and randomised controlled trials [RCTs]). For papers published before 2010, data were extracted from a previously published systematic review. Random effects meta‐analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between Hb concentration and hookworm infection intensity (from cross‐sectional studies) and the effect of preventive chemotherapy on Hb concentration (from before–after studies and RCTs). Sensitivity analyses investigated the impact of malaria endemicity and combined interventions for schistosomiasis and nutrition status on Hb concentration.ResultsAmong cross‐sectional studies, both light‐ and heavy‐intensity hookworm infections were associated with lower Hb in school‐aged children. School‐aged children with heavy hookworm infection in settings of high malaria endemicity had lower mean Hb than those in settings of low malaria endemicity. In non‐pregnant populations, deworming with albendazole was associated with an increase in Hb of 3.02 g/L (95% CI 0.1, 6.0 g/L). No additional benefit was seen with deworming using albendazole co‐administered with praziquantel for schistosomiasis infection or iron supplementation for nutrition status.ConclusionOur findings confirm the benefits of preventive chemotherapy as a public health intervention.
Phosphate starvation responsive GmSPX5 mediates nodule growth through interaction with GmNF‐YC4 in soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Zhuang Qingli , Xue Yingbin , Yao Zhufang , Zhu Shengnan , Liang Cuiyue , Liao Hong , Tian Jiang 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYPhosphorus (P) deficiency adversely affects nodule development as reflected by reduced nodule fresh weight in legume plants. Though mechanisms underlying nodule adaptation to P deficiency have been studied extensively, it remains largely unknown which regulator mediates nodule adaptation to P deficiency. In this study, GUS staining and quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR analysis reveal that the SPX member GmSPX5 is preferentially expressed in soybean (Glycine max) nodules. Overexpression of GmSPX5 enhanced soybean nodule development particularly under phosphate (Pi) sufficient conditions. However, the Pi concentration was not affected in soybean tissues (i.e., leaves, roots, and nodules) of GmSPX5 overexpression or suppression lines, which distinguished it from other well‐known SPX members functioning in control of Pi homeostasis in plants. Furthermore, GmSPX5 was observed to interact with the transcription factor GmNF‐YC4 in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of either GmSPX5 or GmNF‐YC4 significantly upregulated the expression levels of five asparagine synthetase‐related genes (i.e., GmASL2–6) in soybean nodules. Meanwhile, yeast one‐hybrid and luciferase activity assays strongly suggested that interactions of GmSPX5 and GmNF‐YC4 activate GmASL6 expression through enhancing GmNF‐YC4 binding of the GmASL6 promoter. These results not only demonstrate the GmSPX5–GmNF‐YC4–GmASL6 regulatory pathway mediating soybean nodule development, but also considerably improve our understanding of SPX functions in legume crops.
Computed tomographic appearance of sialoceles in 12 dogs
Authors: Oetelaar Garrett Swann , Heng Hock Gan , Lim Chee Kin , Randall Elissa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPublished findings on the computed tomographic (CT) appearance of sialoceles are limited to brief descriptions from reported cases in eight dogs and one cat. The authors have seen sialoceles with CT characteristics that are not consistent with these previous reports. The purpose of this multicenter, retrospective, descriptive, case series study was to provide more detailed descriptions of the CT appearance of confirmed sialoceles in dogs. Dogs over a 10‐year period with cytologically or histologically confirmed sialoceles and pre‐ and postcontrast CT studies of the head were included. Multiple qualitative and quantitative features were described for each sialocele with histological correlation. Twelve dogs with a total of 13 sialoceles were identified, including: seven cervical sialoceles, three complex (combined cervical and sublingual) sialoceles, two sublingual sialoceles, and one zygomatic sialocele. All sialoceles were characterized by fluid attenuating, non‐contrast enhancing contents (median 18.5 HU) and soft tissue attenuating, contrast‐enhancing walls. The external margins of all sialocele walls were smooth; however, the internal margins in six sialoceles were irregular with poorly defined nodular to frond‐like protrusions. Mineralized foci of variable size (range < 1 mm to 4.8 mm) and attenuation (range 119 to 1253 HU) were present in seven sialoceles and histologically identified as sialoliths (three sialoceles) and osseous metaplasia (two sialoceles). A unique finding in the sialoceles in this study was the presence of intraluminal nodular to frond‐like protrusions arising from the wall. This study also reports the CT appearance of cervical and complex sialoceles and sialocele mineralizations.
Tissue predictability of elastography is low in collagenase induced deep digital flexor tendinopathy
Authors: Johnson Sherry A. , Biscoe Elizabeth W. , Eilertson Kirsten E. , Lutter John D. , Schneider Robert K. , Roberts Gregory D. , Cary Julie A. , Frisbie David D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElastography is an emerging imaging modality for characterizing tendon injury in horses, but its ability to differentiate tissue deformability relative to treatment group and biochemical properties using a prospective, experimental study design remain unknown. Objectives of the current study were to (a) to investigate differences in glycosaminoglycan, DNA, and soluble collagen levels in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treated limbs compared to untreated control limbs utilizing a collagenase model of tendinopathy; (b) compare elastographic features between treatment groups; and (c) determine tissue‐level predictive capabilities of elastography in relation to biochemical outcomes. Bone marrow was collected for MSC culture and expansion. Tendinopathy of both forelimb deep digital flexor tendons (DDFTs) was induced with collagenase under ultrasonographic guidance. One randomly assigned limb was treated with intra‐lesional MSC injection with the opposite limb serving as an untreated control. Horses were placed into a controlled exercise program with elastographic evaluations performed baseline (0) and 14, 60, 90, and 214 days post‐treatment. Postmortem biochemical analysis was performed. MSC‐treated limbs demonstrated significantly less (42%) glycosaminoglycan (P = .006). Significant differences in elastographic region of interest (ROI) percent hardness, ROI color histogram, and subjective lesion stiffness were appreciated between treatment groups at various study time points. Elastographic outcome parameters were weak predictors of biochemical tissue analysis, with all R2 values ≤ 0.50. Within this range of differences in glycosaminoglycan content between treatment groups, elastography outcomes did not predict biochemical differences. Tissue‐specific differences between DDFTs treated with MSCs compared to controls were apparent biochemically, but not predicted by elastography.
Calibration and Optimization of an Insertion Electromagnetic Flowmeter With the Aid of Numerical Analysis
Authors: Ma Haibo , Ma Shilei , Moss Robert , Fisher Mark , Silaen Armin K. , Zhou Chenn Q. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Accurate measurement of the volumetric flowrate of working liquids is essential for process control, as well as energy consumption evaluation. Electromagnetic flowmeters have gained popularity in applications where low-pressure drop and low maintenance are required. Dwyer Instruments, Inc. recently developed an adjustable insertion electromagnetic flowmeter (IEF) featuring accurate and reliable measurement. However, unexpected and non-repeatable behavior in the K-factor was observed during the calibration process. The K-factor is the coefficient used to convert the measured electric potential to the flow velocity in pipes, and the non-repeatable behavior imposes challenges for precise measurement. A one-way coupled magnetohydrodynamics model was developed to reduce the effort and time of onsite troubleshooting and optimization. By modeling the measurement process, the transition of flow regimes and the regeneration of the boundary layer on the electrode surface were identified as the causes of the non-repeatable issue. Then, a series of parametric studies were performed to provide reliable solutions. A new design with further embedded electrodes to allow the smooth transition between boundary layers was recommended. The field test showed excellent repeatability by using the new design, and the non-repeatable issue was entirely resolved. The improvement in the IEF design was implemented in production in less than one week, and it reduced the calibration time by 50%.
Validating Perceived Sustainable Design Features Using a Novel Collage Approach
Authors: El Dehaibi Nasreddine , Liao Ting , MacDonald Erin F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Designers are challenged to create sustainable products that resonate with customers, often focusing on engineered sustainability while neglecting perceived sustainability. We previously proposed a method for extracting perceived sustainable features from online reviews using annotations and natural language processing (NLP), testing our method with French press coffee carafes. We identified that perceived sustainability may not always align with engineered sustainability. We now investigate how designers can validate perceived features extracted from online reviews using a relatively new design method of collage placement where participants drag and drop products on a two-by-two axis collage and select features from a dropdown menu. We created collage activities for participants to evaluate French press products on the three aspects of sustainability: social, environmental, and economic, and on how much they like the products. During the activity, participants placed products along the two axes of the collage, sustainability and likeability, and labeled products with descriptive features. We found that participants more often selected our previously extracted features when placing products higher on the sustainability axis, validating that the perceived sustainable features resonate with users. We also measured a low correlation between the two axes of the collage activity, indicating that perceived sustainability and likeability can be measured separately. In addition, we found that product perceptions across sustainability aspects may differ between demographics. Based on these results, we confirm that the collage is an effective tool for validating sustainability perceptions and that features perceived as sustainable from online reviews resonate with customers when thinking of various sustainability aspects.
Can Induced Gratitude Improve Creative Performance on Repurposing Tasks?
Authors: Sisson N. M. , Impett E. A. , Shu L. H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Urgent societal problems, including climate change, require innovation and can benefit from interdisciplinary solutions. A small body of research has demonstrated the potential of positive emotions (e.g., gratitude, awe) to promote creativity and prosocial behavior, which may help address these problems. This study integrates, for the first time, psychology research on a positive prosocial emotion (i.e., gratitude) with engineering-design creativity research. In a preregistered study design, engineering students and working engineers (pilot N = 49; full study N = 329) completed gratitude, positive-emotion-control, or neutral-control inductions. Design creativity was assessed through rated scores of responses to an Alternate Uses Task (AUT) and a Wind-Turbine-Blade Repurposing Task (WRT). No significant differences among AUT scores emerged across conditions in either sample. As only the pilot-study manipulation of gratitude was successful, recommendations are provided for further studies on the effect of gratitude on engineering-design creativity. The reported work may also inform other strategies to incorporate prosocial emotion to help engineers arrive at more original and effective concepts to tackle environmental sustainability, and in the future, other problems facing society.
Effect of Freeze Pipe Eccentricity in Selective Artificial Ground Freezing Applications
Authors: Zueter Ahmad F. , Madiseh Ali G. , Hassani Ferri P. , Sasmito Agus P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Building concentric tubes is one of biggest practical challenges in the construction of freeze-pipes of selective artificial ground freezing (S-AGF) applications for underground mines. In this study, the influence of tubes eccentricity on phase-front expansion (i.e., expansion of the frozen body) and energy consumption of S-AGF systems is analyzed. A 1 + 1D semi-conjugate model that solves two-phase transient energy conservation equation is derived based on the enthalpy method. The 1 + 1D model is first validated against experimental data and then verified with a fully conjugate model from our previous work. After that, the 1 + 1D model is extended to a field-scale of typical underground mines to examine the effect of freeze-pipe eccentricity. The results show that concentric freeze-pipes form the desired frozen ground volume 17% faster than eccentric freeze-pipes. Also, the geometrical profile of the phase-transition front of the frozen ground is found to be significantly influenced by the freeze-pipe eccentricity. Furthermore, in the passive zone, where S-AGF coolants are isolated from the ground to reduce energy consumption, freeze-pipe eccentricity can increase the coolant heat gain by 20%. This percentage can increase up to 200% if radiation heat transfer is minimized.
Experimental Investigation of a Loop Heat Pipe With R245fa and R1234ze(E) as Working Fluids
Authors: Xu Guangming , Xie Rongjian , Li Nanxi , Liu Cheng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Two kinds of new refrigerant R1234ze(E) and R245fa were discussed as substitutes or supplements to traditional working fluids of loop heat pipes (LHPs) based on their favorable thermophysical properties and characteristics such as being safe and environmentally friendly. Thermal characteristics of a loop heat pipe with sintering copper wick at different charging ratios were experimentally investigated under variable heat loads. The results showed that the optimal charging ratio in the loop heat pipe range from 65% to 70%, and at this charging level, the R1234ze(E) system had better start-up response, while the R245fa system presented a stronger heat transfer capacity. The characteristic temperature of R1234ze(E) system was below 35 °C, and the corresponding thermal resistance was 0.08 K/W–1.62 K/W under heat loads ranging from 5 W to 40 W. The thermal resistance of the R245fa system was 0.18 K/W–0.91 K/W under heat loads of 10 W–60 W, and the operating temperature was below 60 °C. The loop heat pipes charged with the proposed new refrigerants exhibit superb performance in room temperature applications, making them beneficial for enhancing the performance of electronics and could provide a distinctive choice for the cooling of small-sized electronics especially.
Design Adequacy for Change in Pipeline Service: A Case Study
Authors: Gupta Abhinav , Tyagi Tribhuwan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Pipelines have proven to be the most reliable and efficient means of transportation of hydrocarbons. Different fluids from numerous sources have different physical, chemical and operational properties, thereby separate pipelines were laid for most of the fluids. However, laying of new pipelines is becoming more and more challenging with vast and complex network of existing pipelines and topographies being faced in both onshore as well as offshore. Moreover considering the huge laying costs and risks of damaging the delicate balance of flora and fauna by entering the unchartered territories, a point does arise to optimally utilize already existing massive pipeline infrastructure.
In this technical paper a method has been formulated to achieve such a cause. A case study from an existing subsea pipeline project of M/s ADOC (Japan) has been presented. Existing 8 inch subsea pipeline of M/s ADOC (Japan) from Hail Site Terminal (HST) to Mubarraz Island in UAE was originally designed for gas service. However, the client intended to use the same for treated sea water service. A thorough design adequacy check was performed to convert the existing subsea gas pipeline into a liquid pipeline. In such a case it is mandatory to check the adequacy of the pipeline for the intended service and design parameters which includes checking for suitability of already selected pipe wall thickness, on-bottom stability and free spans under the action of hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces.
The methodology adopted for this project can be generalized in order to create a framework to establish a basis to use an existing pipeline for different services.