bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide screening of m6A-modified transcript in the Wilms’ tumor
Authors: Liu Zhuo , He Feng , Liu Jing , OuYang Shengrong , Li Zexi , Li Yuanyuan , Ma Feifei , Chang Huibo , Ma Xiaolin , Cao Dingding , Wu Yurui , Wu Jianxin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Wilms’ tumor, also called nephroblastoma, is the most common pediatric renal malignancy. The pathogenesis of Wilms’ tumor has been attributed to several genetic and epigenetic factors. However, the most pervasive internal mRNA modification that affects almost every process of RNA metabolism, RNA N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, has not been characterized in Wilms’ tumor.
Methods

Wilms’ tumor (WT) and adjacent non-cancerous (NC) tissue samples were obtained from 23 children with nephroblastoma, and the global m6A levels were measured by mass spectrometry. Analyses by m6A-mRNA epitranscriptomic microarray and mRNA microarray were performed, and m6A-related mRNAs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR for input and m6A-immunoprecipitated RNA samples from WT and NC tissues. Gene ontology analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed for differentially expressed genes, and expression of RNA methylation-related factors was measured by quantitative real-time PCR.
Results

The total m6A methylation levels in total RNA of WT samples and NC samples were (0.21 ± 0.01)% and (0.22 ± 0.01)%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference. Fifty-nine transcripts were differentially m6A-methylated between the WT and NC groups, which showed distinct m6A modification patterns. Gene ontology analysis indicated that m6A-modified genes were enriched in cancer-associated pathways, including the mTOR pathway, and conjoint analysis of the unique methylation and gene expression patterns in WT samples suggested an association with metabolic pathways.The mRNA levels of the m6A-related “reader” genes, YTHDF1, YTHDF2 and IGF2BP3, were statistically higher in WT samples than in NC samples.
Conclusion

This is the first study to determine the m6A modification profiles in Wilms’ tumor. Our data provide novel information regarding patterns of m6A modification that correlate with carcinogenesis in Wilms’ tumor.
Synthesis, photocatalytic and antidiabetic properties of ZnO/PVA nanoparticles
Authors: Dafrawy shady M. El , Tarek Mahmoud , Samra Salem , Hassan Shawky M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We prepared a series of ZnO and ZnO/PVA catalysts by sol-gel method. The wurtzite ZnO phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Forming spherical shaped ZnO and ZnO/PVA nanoparticles was proved by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Decomposition of Methylene Blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) by synthesized pure ZnO and ZnO/PVA nanoparticles were studied in the UV–Vis region. ZnO/5PVA was the most active in decomposition of MB, while ZnO/7PVA was the most active in decomposition of MO. By studying biological activity of pure ZnO and ZnO/PVA in diabetic rats shows that ZnO/5PVA was the most active in lowering glucose level by different percentages.
Simulation Pattern of Forest Cover Change in Onigambari Reserve, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria using spectral vegetation index and Markov chain Techniques
Authors: Tobore Anthony , Alabi Khadijat , Oyerinde Ganiyu , Senjobi Bolarinwa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Forest cover change (FCC) varies from region to region and is thus considered as one of the drivers of climate change. This study identified the pattern of the FCC for the years 2010 and 2020 using spectral vegetation index and Markov chain Techniques. The Markov chain (MC) and Cellular automata (CA) methods were utilized to simulate the forest cover map for the year 2030. The spectral vegetation index of Landsat 7 Enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM+) and Landsat 8 Operational land images (OLI) were used to assess the forest cover loss for the year 2010 and 2020 focusing on the Normalized difference vegetation index, (NDVI), Green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) and Difference vegetation index (DVI). Based on the validation result, the accuracy of the forest cover simulation model is more than 75 percent (%). The simulation result shows that if the current deforestation and encroachment continues, the forest cover will continue to be endangered and thus leading to a decrease in dense forest, plantation, and sparse vegetation by 20.9%, 16.1%, and 20% respectively. This study will be helpful for planners and decision-makers in ensuring sustainable forest management.
Captivity systematically alters the composition yet not the diversity of vertebrate gut microbiomes
Authors: Alberdi Antton , Martin Garazi , Aizpurua Ostaizka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
There is an open debate on whether and how captivity alters the gut microbiota of vertebrates, due to the contrasting results reported in different taxa and the absence of systematic multi-species analyses. We performed a meta-analysis of gut microbiota profiles of 322 captive and 322 wild specimens from 24 vertebrate species, including fish, reptiles, amphibians and mammals. We found no evidence that captivity either systematically depletes or increases their gut microbiota. In 88% of the species analysed, although captivity entailed a loss of a fraction of the diversity found in the wild, this was compensated through recruitment of a proportionally similar amount of new taxa only found in captivity. We show such compositional changes can impact evolutionary and ecological inferences that rely on hierarchical clustering-based comparative analyses of gut microbial communities across species.
Triple Metal Surrounding Gate Junctionless Tunnel FET based 6T SRAM Design For Low Leakage Memory System
Authors: PRIYA G. LAKSHMI , VENKATESH M. , BALAMURUGAN N.B. , SAMUEL T.S. ARUN 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The promising capability of Triple Material Surrounding Gate Junctionless Tunnel FET (TMSG – JL – TFET)based 6T SRAM structure is demonstrated by employing Germanium (Ge)and High-K gate dielectric material. The high – K insulation guarantees the proposed device to be used in low leakage memory systems. The corresponding analytical model is developed to extract various device parameters such as surface potential, electric field and threshold voltage. The results yield minimization of hot carrier effects at the drain end, when compared to conventional Silicon (Si) based tunnel FETs (TFETs). Further, the ambipolar characteristics of the proposed device is explored and 6T Ge – TMS – SG – JL – TFET based SRAM design is proposed. The results are compared with CMOS based SRAM and the analytical model presented is validated using 3D-TCAD ATLAS simulation, which ensures the accuracy and exactness of the developed model.
A network pharmacology analysis on drug-like compounds from Ganoderma lucidum for alleviation of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Oh Ki Kwang , Adnan Md. , Cho Dong Ha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Ganoderma lucidum (GL) is known as a potent alleviator against chronic inflammatory disease like atherosclerosis (AS), but its critical bioactive compounds and their mechanisms against AS have not been unveiled. This research aimed to identify the key compounds(s) and mechanism(s) of GL against AS through network pharmacology.Methods: The compounds from GL were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS), and SwissADME screened their physicochemical properties. Then, the gene(s) associated with the screened compound(s) or AS related genes were identified by public databases, and we selected the overlapping genes using a Venn diagram. The networks between overlapping genes and compounds were visualized, constructed, and analyzed by RStudio. Finally, we performed molecular docking test (MDT) to identify key gene(s), compound(s) on AutoDockVina.Results: A total of 35 compounds in GL was detected via GC-MS, and 34 compounds (accepted by the Lipinski's rule) were selected as drug-like compounds (DLCs). A total of 34 compounds were connected to the number of 785 genes and 2,606 AS-related genes were identified by DisGeNET and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). The final 98 overlapping genes were extracted between the compounds-genes network and AS-related genes. On Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, the number of 27 signaling pathways were sorted out, and a hub signaling pathway (MAPK signaling pathway), a core gene (PRKCA), and a key compound (Benzamide, 4-acetyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)) were selected among the 27 signaling pathways via MDT. Conclusion: Overall, we found that the identified 3 DLCs from GL have potent anti-inflammatory efficacy, improving AS by inactivating the MAPK signaling pathway.
Security-Constrained Optimal Protection Coordination for Dual-Setting Digital Directional Overcurrent Relays in the Distribution Network Including Non-Renewable/Renewable Synchronous Distributed Generation
Authors: Pirouzi Sasan , Shahi Hosein Hasan , Zadeh Mohammad Reza Akbai , Naderipour Amirreza , Abdul-Malek Zulkurnain 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the security-constrained optimal protection coordination (SCOPC) is introduced for dual setting digital directional overcurrent relay (DDOCR) in distribution network, which including renewable and non-renewable synchronous distributed generation (SDG). The SCOPC minimizes the total operation time of DDOCRs in primary and backup protection operating to achieve a fast protection coordination. Also, to improve the flexibility in DDOCRs setting, the allowable limits of A and B coefficients, pickup current (PC) and time dial setting (TDS) in both reverse and forward directions are considered as constraints. Another constraint is the Coordination Time interval (CTI). To consideration of the mentioned scheme security, the SCOPC mechanism considered the unavailability of DDOCRs due to their failure, so the stochastic method is used to modelling of this parameter. To calculate the fault current, network variables are proportional to the daily stochastic operation results of distribution network. Moreover, the proposed problem is implemented on the standard distribution networks, and then the optimal solution is obtained with hybrid algorithm of grey wolf optimization (GWO) and training and learning optimization (TLBO). The numerical results illustrate that the proposed algorithm is able to achieve a reliable and fast protection coordination that has a low standard deviation.
Temporal Trends in Obesity and Chronic disease risks among Young Adults: a 10-year Review at a Tertiary institution, Nigeria
Authors: Oluwasanu Abayomi Olabayo , Akinyemi Joshua Odunayo , Oluwasanu Mojisola Morenike , Oseghe Olabisi Bada , Oladoyinbo Olusola Lanre , Bello Jelili , Ajuwon Ademola Johnson , Jegede Ayodele Samuel , Danaei Goodarz , Akingbola Olufemi Oladapo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThere is an increasing prevalence of obesity among college/university students in developing countries similar to the trend being observed in industrialized countries. Of great concern is the persistence of weight gain among this young population with the risk of being overweight and obese increasing with years of study and till adulthood. The aim of this study is to describe the trend and burden of overweight/obesity and emerging associated chronic disease risks among adolescents and young adults at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.MethodThis is a 10-year retrospective review of medical records of students (undergraduate and post-graduate) admitted between 2009 and 2018 at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. A total of 60,168 participants were analysed. The Body mass index (BMI) categories were determined according to WHO standard definitions and blood pressure was classified according to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC7) ResultThe mean age of the study participants was 24.8, SD 8.4 years. A large majority was ≤ 40 years (95.1%). There was a slight male preponderance (51.5%) with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1; undergraduate students constituted 51.9%. The prevalence of BMI categories was underweight (10.5%), overweight and obesity 18.7% and 7.2% respectively. We found significant association between overweight/obesity and older age, being female and undergoing postgraduate study (p = 0.01). Furthermore, females had a higher burden of coexisting abnormal BMI characterized by co-occurrence of underweight, overweight and obesity. Hypertension was the most prevalent obesity-associated non-communicable disease in this study with a prevalence of 8.1%. Also, a third of the study population (35.1%) had prehypertension. Hypertension is significantly associated with age, male sex, overweight/obesity and family history of hypertension. Other rare obesity-associated diseases include asthma, diabetes, dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis and gallstones.ConclusionThis study identified rising trends in the prevalence of obesity, a double burden of malnutrition among the study population and the emergence of non-communicable disease risks with a lifelong implication on their health and concomitant burden on the healthcare system. Cost-effective interventions are urgently needed at the secondary and tertiary-level educational institutions to address these issues.
Alzheimer’s Disease Prediction Using Long Short-Term Memory with Early-Phase 18F-Florbetaben Imaging Data
Authors: Kang Hyeon , Park Kyung Won , Kang Do-Young 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Single amyloid-beta (Aβ) imaging test is not enough to rise to the challenge of making AD diagnosis because of Aβ-negative AD or positive cognitively normal (CN). We aimed to distinguish AD from CN with dual-phase 18F-Florbetaben (FBB) via machine learning algorithms and evaluate the AD positivity scores compared to delay-phase FBB (dFBB) which is currently adopted for AD diagnosis.A total of 264 patients (74 CN and 190 AD), who underwent FBB imaging test and neuropsychological tests were retrospectively analyzed. We compared three kinds of machine learning-based models and evaluated their performance with 4-fold cross validation.AD positivity scores estimated from dual-phase FBB showed better accuracy (ACC) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for AD detection (ACC: 84.091 %, AUROC: 0.900) than those from dFBB imaging (ACC: 81.364 %, AUROC: 0.890). The association between predicted AD positivity and the AD occurrence were compared, the use of dual-phase FBB was highest (OR: 56.333), followed by dFBB (OR: 35.182).These results show that the combined model which interpret dual-phase FBB with long short-term memory can be used to provide a more accurate AD positivity score, which shows a closer association with AD, than the prediction with only single-phase FBB.
Surviving a Decade or More After Coronary Revascularization in a Middle Eastern Population: The Impact of Diabetes Mellitus.
Authors: Alhaddad Imad A , Tabbalat Ramzi , Khader Yousef , Elkarmi Zaid , Dahabreh Zaid , Hammoudeh Ayman 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction and aimsThere is scarcity of studies that evaluate cardiovascular events and repeat revascularization among Middle Eastern patients who have long-term survival after coronary artery revascularization. In this study, patients who survived at least 10 years after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) were assessed for the evolution of cardiovascular risk factors, occurrence of acute cardiovascular events and the need for further coronary revascularization procedures after the index coronary revascularization. Patients were classified according to the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus (DM) at baseline. MethodsThe study enrolled consecutive ambulatory or in-patients who had PCI or CABG at least 10 years prior to enrollment. Collected data included cardiovascular risk factors at the time of the index revascularization and evolution of risk factors since then, occurrence of cardiovascular events and the need for coronary revascularization after the index procedure. Events were compared between patients with DM and no DM at baseline. ResultsThe study population consisted of 891 consecutive patients with 351 patients (39.4%) had DM and 540 patients (60.6%) had no DM. Of all patients, 123 (13.8%) were females with the DM group had more females compared to no DM group (19.7 vs 10%, p <0.001). Mean age of the study population at baseline was 53.9 + 8.8 years for DM patients and 53.0 + 9.8 years for no DM patients (p=0.16). At baseline, the DM group had more hypertension (70.9% vs 27.6%, p<0.0001), more dyslipidemias (12% vs 5.2%, p=0.001) but less smokers compared to no DM group (44.4% vs 58.3%, p<0.001). DM and no DM groups had similar proportion of PCI (65.5% vs 68.3%, p=0.42) and CABG at baseline (34.5% vs 31.7%, p=0.43).The mean time elapsed since the index coronary revascularization was 13.5 + 3.5 years for DM patients and 14.4 + 4.8 years for no DM (p=0.02). Following the index revascularization procedure, ACS events occurred in 40.7% of diabetic patients and in 41.6% in no DM patients (p=0.82). Heart failure and stroke developed in similar proportions in the DM and no DM groups (12.5% vs 13.3%, p=0.51) and (4.6% vs 5.9%, p=0.75) respectively. Repeat revascularization after the index procedure showed that DM group had more PCI compared to no DM group (52.7% vs 45.4%, p= 0.04) but proportions of CABG (7.1% vs 9.8%, p=0.20). ConclusionsIn this retrospective observation of Middle Eastern patients who survived at least a decade after coronary revascularization, DM group had more hypertension and dyslipidemias but less smokers compared to no DM at baseline. During follow up, DM group required more PCI revascularization compared with no DM group.
Mutant Firefly Luciferase Enzymes Resistant to the Inhibition by Sodium Chloride
Authors: Yawata Satoshi , Noda Kenichi , Shimomura Ai , Kuroda Akio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesFirefly luciferase, one of the most extensively studied enzymes, has numerous applications. However, luciferase activity is inhibited by sodium chloride. This study aims to expand the applications of firefly luciferase in the presence of sodium chloride.ResultsWe first obtained two mutant luciferase enzymes whose inhibition were alleviated and identified these mutations as Val288Ile and Glu488Val. Under dialysis condition (140 mM sodium chloride), the wild type was inhibited to 44% of its original activity level. In contrast, the single mutants, Val288Ile and Glu488Val, retained 67% and 79% of their original activity, respectively. Next, we introduced Val288Ile and Glu488Val mutations into the wild-type luciferase to create a double mutant using site-directed mutagenesis. Notably, the double mutant retained its activity more than 95% of that in the absence of sodium chloride.ConclusionsThe mutant luciferase, named luciferase CR, was found to retain its activity in various concentrations of sodium chloride. The inhibition of luciferase CR under dialysis condition was more alleviated than either Val288Ile or Glu488Val alone, suggesting that the effect of the double mutation was cumulative. We discussed the effect of mutations on the alleviation of the inhibition by sodium chloride.
Efficacy of Subthreshold Photocoagulation for Persistent Diabetic Macular Edema After Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling: A Retrospective Comparative Study
Authors: Takashina Hirotsugu , Watanabe Akira , Komatsu Koji , Nakano Tadashi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Subthreshold photocoagulation is one of the therapeutic options for treating diabetic macular edema, and have characteristic advantages, which are the lack of chorioretinal damage and the repeatability of the treatment. However, the effect of subthreshold photocoagulation is thought to be minimal among these options. In this study, we retrospectively examined the efficacy of repeated subthreshold photocoagulation for persistent diabetic macular edema after vitrectomy with peeling of the internal limiting membrane.
Methods

We enrolled ten consecutive eyes of eight patients who underwent monthly Endpoint Management™ (EpM) six times for diabetic macular edema that persisted for more than 3 months after vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling for epiretinal membrane, and classified according to the interval between vitrectomy and initial EpM (Group A: within 6 months, Group B: beyond 6 months). Two type of retinal thickness (central macular thickness and macular thickness within 3mm diameter of the fovea) were measured monthly using optical coherence tomography.
Results

Mean intervals between vitrectomy and initial EpM were 4.0 ± 1.2 months (range 3–6 months) in Group A (six eyes of five patients) and 17.3 ± 7.5 months (range 10–27 months) in Group B (four eyes of four patients). No other treatments were performed between vitrectomy and initial EpM in Group A, while triamcinolone acetonide injection in the sub-Tenon’s capsule was performed in two eyes in Group B (one eye was injected thrice, the other eye received a single injection). Improvement rates of mean central macular thickness after 6 months were 18.2% in all eyes, 10.8% in Group A, and 28.7% in Group B, and improvement rates of mean macular thickness within 3mm diameter of the fovea after 6 months were 8.5% in all eyes, 4.1% in Group A, and 15.3% in Group B.
Conclusions

Monthly EpM treatment was efficacious against persistent diabetic macular edema after internal limiting membrane peeling. In particular, the efficacy was greater in eyes in which the initial EpM was performed more than 6 months after vitrectomy. Furthermore, residual efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide, which was injected at the end of vitrectomy, might have contributed to the results.
The impact of tube replacement timing during LCIG therapy on PEG-J associated adverse events: a retrospective multicenter observational study
Authors: Yamashita Kanefumi , Yube Yukinori , Yamazaki Yukinao , Fukuchi Takehide , Kato Masaki , Koike Tomoyuki , Uehara Takeshi , Ikeda Yoshiou , Furune Satoshi , Murakami Hidehiro , Kubota Eiji , Fujioka Shinsuke , Sato Yoshinori , Jin Xiaoyi , Suzuki Tomohiko , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Tsuboi Yoshio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Levodopa–carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) treatment, a new drug delivery system for patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD), is covered by the health insurance in Japan since September 2016. Various LCIG procedure/device-associated adverse events (AEs) have been reported; however, reports on their treatment have been limited. This is the first multicenter study to clarify the frequency and timing of device-related AEs.
Methods

Between September 2016 and December 2018, 104 patients introduced to the LCIG treatment for advanced PD in 11 hospitals were included. The patients’ characteristics, AEs incidence, AEs time, and tube exchange time were investigated.
Results

The median follow-up period was 21.5 months. Minor AE cases were 29.4%, whereas major AE cases were 43.1%. Majority of major AEs (n = 55, 96.5%) were managed with endoscopic treatment, such as tube exchange. Few severe AEs required surgical treatment (n = 2, 3.5%). The mean (range) exposure to percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy (PEG-J) was 14.7 (0–33) months. One year after the LCIG treatment introduction, 55 patients (54.0%) retained the original PEG-J tube. The mean PEG-J tube exchange time was 10.8 ± 7.0 months in all patients, 11.6 ± 4.7 and 10.5 ± 7.7 months in patients with scheduled exchange and who underwent exchange due to AEs, respectively.
Conclusions

Some device-related AEs occurred during the LCIG treatment; however, only few were serious, most of which could be treated with simple procedures or tube replacement with endoscopy. Therefore, the LCIG treatment is feasible and safe and is a unique treatment option for PD, requiring endoscopists’ understanding and cooperation.