bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apatinib Enhances Chemosensitivity of FLT3-ITD Mutations acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells to Homoharringtonine Via VEGFR2 Pathway
Authors: Shi Yuanfei , Zhang Yan , Shen Huafei , Ye Xiujin , Jin Jie , xie wanzhuo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The significance of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-3 in numerous solid tumors and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been demonstrated, but Apatinib remains largely unexplored. In this study, we explored whether Apatinib combined with HHT could kill AML cell lines and its possible mechanisms. Methods: All cell lines were treated with Apatinib and HHT in different concentrations with control, Apatinib alone, HHT alone, and Apatinib combined with HHT. The changes of IC50 were measured by CCK8 assay, apoptosis rate, cell cycle, and mitochondrial membrane potential in each group were measured by flow cytometry. Finally, the possible cytotoxicity mechanism was analyzed by Western blotting. Results: Our results noted that Apatinib combined with HHT remarkably inhibited cell proliferation, reduced the capacity of colony-forming, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in AML cells. Mechanistically, Apatinib and HHT play a role as a suppressor in the expression of VEGFR2 and the downstream signaling cascades, such as the PI3K, MAPK, and Stat3 pathways. Conclusion: Our preclinical data demonstrate that Apatinib combined with HHT exerts a better anti-leukemia effect than Apatinib alone by inhibiting the VEGFR2 signaling pathway, suggesting the potential role for Apatinib and HHT in the treatment of AML.
Prognostic Factors and Epidemiology of Open Globe Injuries from Western Sydney: A Twelve-Year Review
Authors: Ho Haochi , Foo Jane , Li Yi-Chiao , Bobba Samantha , Go Christopher , Chandra Jaya , Fung Adrian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTo identify prognostic factors determining final visual outcome following open globe injuries.MethodsRetrospective case series of patients presenting to Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia with open globe injuries from 1st January 2005 to 31st December 2017. Data collected included demographic information, ocular injury details, management and initial and final visual acuities.ResultsA total of 104 cases were identified. Predictors of poor final visual outcomes included poor presenting visual acuity (p < 0.001), globe rupture (p < 0.001), retinal detachment (p < 0.001), Zone III wounds (p < 0.001), hyphema (p=0.003), lens expulsion (p = 0.003) and vitreous hemorrhage (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated presenting visual acuity (p < 0.001), globe rupture (p = 0.013) and retinal detachment (p = 0.011) as being statistically significant for predicting poor visual outcomes. The presence of lid laceration (p = 0.197) and uveal prolapse (p = 0.667) were not significantly associated with the final visual acuity. ConclusionsPoor presenting visual acuity, globe rupture and retinal detachment are the most important prognostic factors determining final visual acuity following open globe injury.
Investigation of Transient Eye Closure associated with Bright light in the Patients with Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Choi Won Jong , Jang Yeonji , Kim Seung-Joon , Jung Jae Ho 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: To present a simple method to evaluate transient eye closure (TEC) under bright light using binocular pupillometry in children with intermittent exotropia (IXT). Methods: Sixty-one children with IXT were studied using binocular pupillometry. Each patient was exposed to each phase as follows: scotopic phase (darkness) for 3,300 ms, mesopic phase for 200 ms, scotopic phase for 3,300 ms, low-intensity white light phase (10 cd/m2) for 200 ms, scotopic phase for 3,300 ms, and high-intensity white light phase (100 cd/m2) for 200 ms. TEC was present if the subject closed eyes immediately more than half in response to light, compared with the one in the scotopic phase. We assessed the agreement between TEC and self-reporting photosensitivity, and also evaluated the associated factors for the presence of TEC in IXT patients.Results: With the new method to evaluate TEC under different light intensities, 27 (44.3%) of the 61 IXT patients showed TEC, and 34 (55.7%) did not demonstrate TEC. TEC under high-intensity white light had a strong correlation with photosensitivity (r = 0.77). The smaller angle of deviation at near was associated with the presence of TEC, with statistical significance (p = 0.04). Normal sensory status at distance was significantly associated with TEC (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression analysis showed that normal sensory status was significantly associated with TEC (p = 0.02).Conclusions: The test using binocular pupillometry is useful in identifying TEC related to bright light, and the presence of TEC was strongly correlated with photosensitivity in patients with IXT.
Reaction products of Sm2Zr2O7 with calcium-magnesium- aluminum-silicate (CMAS) and their evolution
Authors: Wang Yinghua , Ma Zhuang , Liu Ling , Liu Yanbo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
During flight, many silicates (sand, dust, debris, fly ash, etc.) are ingested by an engine. They melt at high operating temperatures on the surface of Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to form calcium-magnesium-aluminum-silicate (CMAS) amorphous settling. CMAS erodes TBCs and causes many problems, such as composition segregation, degradation, cracking, and disbanding. As a new generation of TBC candidate materials, rare-earth zirconates (Sm2Zr2O7) have good CMAS resistance properties. The reaction products of Sm2Zr2O7 and CMAS and their subsequent changes were studied by the reaction of Sm2Zr2O7 and excess CMAS at 1350°C. After 1 h of reaction, Sm2Zr2O7 powders were not completely eroded. The reaction products were Sm-apatite and c-ZrO2 solutions. After 4 h of reaction, all Sm2Zr2O7 powders were completely eroded. After 24 h of reaction, Sm-apatite disappeared, and the c-ZrO2 solution remained.
Brain region-specific spread of Lewy body pathology in synucleinopathies is governed by α-synuclein conformations.
Authors: Bartels Tim , de Boni Laura , Watson Aurelia Hays , Zaccagnini Ludovica , Kim Nora , Sanderson John , Jiang Haiyang , Martin Elodie , Cantlon Adam , Rovere Matteo , Liu Lei , Sylvester Marc , Lashley Tammaryn , Dettmer Ulf , Jaunmuktane Zane 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The α-synuclein protein (αS) is the major constituent of pathological neuronal inclusions both in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) with differential brain region-specific pathology patterns and clinical presentations. Two hypotheses that were recently put forward were either that of brain-region specific vulnerability or that of different αS aggregates, “strains”, that would affect different brain regions via “prion-like” spread. What governs these patterns, their hypothesized “prion-like” progression and region-specific vulnerability to αS aggregation in different synucleinopathies is still largely unknown. Data collected in the last decade suggests that αS can exhibit in different conformations under physiological and/or pathological conditions, which in turn help govern aggregation propensity. The cytosolic unfolded, monomeric form of αS (αSCU) is aggregation-prone and can misfold into soluble, toxic oligomers, protofilaments, and amyloid fibrils with self-templating properties, while the cytosolic helically folded, multimeric form (αSCH) resists disease-associated changes.
Impact of BRCA Mutation on the Survival and Risk of Contralateral Breast Cancer in Asian Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Lin Po-Han , Chen Shin-Cheh , Tseng Ling-Ming , Chang King-Jen , Huang Ai-Chu , Cheng Kuo-Chih , Yang Karen , Wu Hui-Chen , Chao Tsu-Yi , Chang Yuan-Ching , Lin Peng-Chan , Kuo Wen-Hung , Kuo Wen-Lin , Lin Ching-Hung , Chen Huo-Mu , Yeh Dah-Cherng , Liu Liang-Chih , Liu Chun-Yu , Wang Ming-Yang , Lo Chiao , Lu Yen-Shen , Huang Chiun-Sheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose Breast cancer is increasing around the globe, including Asia. We aimed to examine the survival and risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC) in Asian breast cancer patients with BRCA mutations. MethodsA total of 128 breast cancer patients with germline BRCA mutations and 4,754 control breast cancer patients were enrolled. Data on clinical pathologic characteristics, survival and CBC were collected from the medical record. The rates of survival and CBC were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Results The mean age of onset in BRCA mutation carriers was significantly younger than control patients (BRCA vs. Non-BRCA: 43.9 vs. 53.2 years-old). BRCA mutation carriers had a higher proportion of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (52%) than control patients (12%, p<0.001). The risk of CBC was significantly higher in BRCA mutation patients than in control cases (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.95, 95% CI 2.71-5.75); when stratified by genotype, the HRs (95%CI) were 4.84 (3.00-7.82) for BRCA1 and 3.13 (1.78-5.49) for BRCA2 carriers, respectively. Moreover, BRCA1 mutation patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) as their first breast cancer had the highest risk of CBC (HR = 5.55, 95% CI 3.29-9.34). However, we did not observe any differences in relapse-free survival and overall survival between mutation carriers and control patients. ConclusionOur study suggest that BRCA patients had a significantly higher risk of developing CBC, particularly for BRCA1 mutation carriers with TNBC as the first breast cancer.
Pyridoxine Stimulates Filaggrin Production in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes
Authors: Fujishiro Miyuki , Yahagi Shoichi , Takemi Shota , Sakai Takafumi , sakata ichiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pyridoxine (PN), one of the vitamers of vitamin B6, plays an important role in the maintenance of epidermal function and is used to treat acne and rough skin. Clinical studies have revealed that PN deficiency causes skin problems such as seborrheic dermatitis and stomatitis. However, the detailed effects of PN and its mechanism of action in epidermal function are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of PN on epidermal function in normal human epidermal keratinocytes and found that PN specifically causes an increase in the expression of profilaggrin mRNA, among marker genes of terminal epidermal differentiation. In addition, PN treatment caused an increase in the production of filaggrin protein in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with P2x purinoceptor antagonists, namely, pyridoxal phosphate-6-azo (benzene-2,4-disulfonic acid) tetrasodium salt hydrate and TNP-ATP hydrate, induced an increase in the filaggrin protein levels. Moreover, we showed that elevated filaggrin production induced upon PN treatment was suppressed by ATP (known as P2x purinoceptor agonist). This study is the first to report that PN causes an increase in filaggrin transcription and production, and these results suggest that PN-induced filaggrin production may be a useful target as a daily care component in atopic dermatitis, wherein filaggrin levels are specifically reduced.
The Prevalence&nbsp;of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury&nbsp;and Its Risk Factors Among Patients with Depression or Bipolar Disorder&nbsp;in China
Authors: Wang Lu , Liu Jun , Yang Yuan , Zou Haiou 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury and its risk factors among patients with depression or bipolar disorder in China. 394 inpatients (Mage=29.71; SDage=11.95) with depression or bipolar disorder were recruited from two psychiatric hospitals in Beijing, China. A General Demographic Data Form, the Non-suicidal Self-injury Questionnaire (NSSI-Q), Impulsivity Items and the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) were completed by all patients. Of the 394 patients examined, 245 (62.2%) of this sample reported NSSI in past year. The most common methods of NSSI for female was “pinching" (23.1%) and "scratching" (22.8%), while for male it was "hiting hard objects" (12.7%). By multivariate regression analysis, young age, single in marital status, left-behind experience, impulsivity and ACEs were risk factors for NSSI. Our study points to the fact that there has been an unfortunate information in prevalence of NSSI among patients with depression or bipolar disorder in China. It is not only necessary to raise the awareness of NSSI among families and the society, but also to formulate targeted assessments and intervention. Moreover, future research should focus not only on individuals being hospitalized, but should be representative of individuals treated at home or in the community because there are no national statistics on NSSI among such patients in China.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Expression in the Visual System
Authors: Hill James M. , Clement Christian , Arceneaux L. , Lukiw Walter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Multiple lines of evidence currently indicate that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)gains entry into human host cells via a high-affinity interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transmembrane receptor. Research has further shown the widespread expression of the ACE2 receptor on the surface of many different immune, non-immune and neural host cell types, and that SARS-CoV-2 has there markable capability to attack many different types of human-host cells simultaneously. One principal neuroanatomical region for highACE2 expression patterns occurs in the brainstem, an area of the brain containing regulatory centers for respiration, and this may in part explain the predisposition of many COVID-19 patients to respiratory distress. Early studies also indicated extensive ACE2 expression in the whole eye and the brain’s visual circuitry. In this study we analyzed ACE2 receptor expression at the mRNA and protein level in multiple cell types involved in human vision, including cell types of the external eye and several deep brain regions known to be involved in the processing of visual signals.Methods: ACE2 mRNA and protein analysis; multiple eye and brain cells and tissues; gamma32P-adenosine tri-phosphate ([γ-32P]dATP) radiolabeled probes; Northern analysis; ELISA.Results: The four main findings were: (i)that many different optical and neural cell types of the human visual system provide receptors essential for SARS-CoV-2 invasion; (ii)the remarkable ubiquity of ACE2 presence in cells of the eye and anatomical regions of the brain involved in visual signal processing; (iii)that ACE2 receptor expression in different ocular cell types and visual processing centers of the brain provide multiple compartments for SARS-CoV-2 infiltration; and (iv)a gradient of increasing ACE2 expression from the anterior surface of the eye to the visual signal processing areas of the occipital lobe and the primary visual neocortex.Conclusion: A gradient of ACE2 expression from the eye surface to the occipital lobe provide the SARS-CoV-2 virus a novel pathway from the outer eye into deeper anatomical regions of the brain involved in vision. These findings may explain, in part, the many recently reported neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2infection in COVID-19 affected patients.
Intestinal Stem Cell Marker, ASCL2&nbsp;Is a Novel Prognostic Predictor in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shibahara Yukiko , Espin-Garcia Osvaldo , Conner James , Weiss Jessica , Derouet Mathieu , Allen Jonathan , Wilson Gavin , Allison Frances , Hafezi-Bakhtiari Sara , Kalimuthu Sangeetha , Wong Rebecca , Elimova Elena , Yeung Jonathan , Darling Gail 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Stem cell markers play a significant role in esophageal adenocarcinoma carcinogenesis via Barrett’s esophagus; however, its utility as a prognostic biomarker has not been established. Methods: We analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of Ascl2 and Lgr5 utilizing whole slides (WS; 35 cases) and tissue microarray (TMA; 64 cases of esophageal adenocarcinoma with adjacent normal squamous epithelium, Barrett's esophagus, and dysplasia). Two pathologists semi-quantitatively scored stained slides independently/blindly, and the results were correlated with clinicopathologic factors and outcomes. Results: In WS, 51% and 57% expressed high Ascl2 and high Lgr5; in TMA, 69% and 88% expressed high Ascl2 and high Lgr5, respectively. In TMA, high Ascl2 and low Lgr5 expression significantly correlated to a higher number of involved lymph nodes (p=0.027 and p=0.0039), and Lgr5 expression significantly correlated to the pathological stage (p=0.0032). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a negative impact of high Ascl2 expression on overall survival (OS; WS p=0.0168, TMA p=0.0276) as well as progression-free survival (PFS; WS p=0.000638, TMA p=0.0466), but not Lgr5. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that Ascl2 expression is an independent prognostic factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma (OS; WS p=0.25, TMA p=0.011. PFS; WS p=0.012, TMA p=0.038). Analysis of the TCGA dataset showed that ASCL2 mRNA levels were correlated to nodal status but not overall survival.Conclusion: Intestinal stem cell marker, Ascl2 is an independent prognostic factor in esophageal adenocarcinoma. High Ascl2 levels were associated with nodal status in both immunohistochemical and mRNA expression. These findings may contribute to the development of prognosis-based subclassification of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Quantum control of a nanoparticle optically levitated in cryogenic free-space
Authors: Novotny Lukas , Tebbenjohanns Felix , Mattana Maria Luisa , Rossi Massimiliano , Frimmer Martin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Tests of quantum mechanics on a macroscopic scale require extreme control over mechanical motion and its decoherence [1-4]. Quantum control of mechanical motion has been achieved by engineering the radiation pressure coupling between a micromechanical oscillator and the electromagnetic field in a resonator [5-8]. Furthermore, measurement-based feedback control relying on cavity-enhanced detection schemes has been used to cool micromechanical oscillators to their quantum ground states [9]. In contrast to mechanically tethered systems, optically levitated nanoparticles are particularly promising candidates for matter-wave experiments with massive objects [10,11], since their trapping potential is fully controllable. In this work, we optically levitate a femto-gram dielectric particle in cryogenic free space, which suppresses thermal effects sufficiently to make the measurement backaction the dominant decoherence mechanism. With an efficient quantum measurement, we exert quantum control over the dynamics of the particle. We cool its center-of-mass motion by measurement-based feedback to an average occupancy of 0.65 motional quanta, corresponding to a state purity of 43%. The absence of an optical resonator and its bandwidth limitations holds promise to transfer the full quantum control available for electromagnetic fields to a mechanical system. Together with the fact that the optical trapping potential is highly controllable, our experimental platform offers a route to investigating quantum mechanics at macroscopic scales [12,13].
Visible Light Induced Photocatalytic Performance of Mn-Sno2@Zno Nanocomposite for High Efficient Cationic Dye Degradation
Authors: Asaithambi S. , Sakthivel P. , Karuppaiah M. , Balaji V. , Yuvakkumar R. , G Ravi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, we have synthesized Mn-doped SnO2@ZnO nanocomposite for photo degradation of Methylene blue and Rhodamine B dyes upon visible light irradiation. The crystal structure, functional group, optical absorption, defect related emission, morphology, purity and binding energy state of synthesized samples were identified by using various analytical tools. The optical absorption shift and the reduction of band gap values are confirming the formation of hetero-junction of SnO2@ZnO composites. The Mn-SnO2@ZnO hetero-junction effectively induces the photo-generated charge carrier separation and enriches the charge transfer which helps in enhancing the photo-catalytic activities. The photocatalytic degradation results clearly indicate that the Mn-doped SnO2@ZnO nanocomposite has higher degradation efficiency of 98 % and 92 % for the Methylene blue and Rhodamine B dyes, respectively and is higher than the other synthesized samples. The present study reveals a low cost and highly efficient photo-catalyst which works up on visible light irradiation for the purification of waste water from industries.
Contemporary procedure characteristics and outcomes of accessory atrioventricular pathway ablations in an integrated community-based health care system
Authors: Young Charlie , Kwan Annie , Yepez Lisa , McCarty Meghan , Chan Amanda , Hsu Dora I , Han Jennifer , Taneja Taresh , Park Shirley , Hayward Robert M , Liu Taylor I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Descriptions of large series of accessory atrioventricular pathway (AP) ablations in adults and adolescents have been limited to referral centers and published over 20 years ago. We aimed to characterize contemporary accessory AP distribution and features in a large community-based population that influence ablation outcomes.
Methods

Retrospective analysis of 289 patients (age 14–81) who underwent AP ablation from 2015–2019 was performed. Pathways were categorized into anteroseptal (AS), left freewall (LFW), posteroseptal (PS), and right freewall (RFW) locations. We analyzed patient and pathway features to identify factors associated with prolonged procedure time parameters.
Results

Initial ablation success rate was 94.7% with long-term success rate of 93.4% and median follow-up of 931 days. APs were in LFW (61.6%), PS (24.6%), RFW (9.6%), and AS (4.3%) locations. Procedure outcome was dependent on pathway location. Acute success was highest for LFW pathways (97.1%) with lowest case times (144 ± 68 minutes) and fluoroscopy times (15 ± 19 minutes). Longest procedure time parameters were seen with AS, left anterolateral, epicardial-coronary sinus, and right anterolateral pathway ablations. A novel ECG algorithm was developed to predicts AP locations and further guide procedure planning.
Conclusion

In this community-based population, majority of APs are located in the left freewall and posteroseptal region, with only retrograde conduction, and can be ablated using traditional approaches with short time parameters and high success. Using a novel ECG algorithm for pathway localization, we can predict cases with longer procedure times, higher fluoroscopy exposure, and lower acute and long-term success for manifest pathways.