bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods families use to raise funds for anorectal malformation treatment at a single public referral hospital in Southwestern Uganda
Authors: Oyania Felix , Eze Anthony N , Ullrich Sarah , Kotagal Meera , Ozgediz Doruk 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundIn Uganda, only two public hospitals provide pediatric surgery services. With less than 10 pediatric surgeons serving approximately 20 million children in Uganda, most patients with anorectal malformations (ARMs) must make several trips to the hospital before undergoing surgery. As a result, households borrow money, sell assets, or solicit contributions from friends and relatives to meet healthcare expenses. We used a cross-sectional study to examine methods families use to raise funds for the treatment of ARMs at a single institution in Southwestern Uganda.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in the pediatric surgery unit at a Regional Referral Hospital/University Teaching Hospital in Southwestern Uganda from June 2021 to July 2023. Participants included caretakers of children presenting with ARMs for treatment at our referral hospital.ResultsA total of 157 participants were enrolled. Mothers were the main caregivers (77.9%) present at the hospital. Out of a median monthly household income of UGX200 000 (US$51.68), families spent a median of UGX50 000 (US$12.92) to travel to the hospital. To raise funds for healthcare expenses, 68% of households reported selling assets.ConclusionFamilies sell household assets to afford ARMs treatment in Southwestern Uganda. Financial protection by the government through a national child health insurance policy would shield families from substantial health-related expenditures and decrease this burden. In addition, targeted policy to strengthen pediatric surgical capacity through workforce expansion and skills training such as the Pediatric Emergency Surgery Course, may minimize costs, improve timeliness of care, and prevent case cancellations.
Kinetic theory of stellar systems and two-dimensional vortices
Authors: Chavanis Pierre-Henri 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe discuss the kinetic theory of stellar systems and two-dimensional vortices and stress their analogies. We recall the derivation of the Landau and Lenard–Balescu equations from the Klimontovich formalism. These equations take into account two-body correlations and are valid at the order 1/N, where N is the number of particles in the system. They have the structure of a Fokker–Planck equation involving a diffusion term and a drift term. The systematic drift of a vortex is the counterpart of the dynamical friction experienced by a star. At equilibrium, the diffusion and the drift terms balance each other establishing the Boltzmann distribution of statistical mechanics. We discuss the problem of kinetic blocking in certain cases and how it can be solved at the order $$1/N^2$$

1
/

N
2

by the consideration of three-body correlations. We also consider the behaviour of the system close to the critical point following a recent suggestion by Hamilton and Heinemann (2023). We present a simple calculation, valid for spatially homogeneous systems with long-range interactions described by the Cauchy distribution, showing how the consideration of the Landau modes regularizes the divergence of the friction by polarization at the critical point. We mention, however, that fluctuations may be very important close to the critical point and that deterministic kinetic equations for the mean distribution function (such as the Landau and Lenard–Balescu equations) should be replaced by stochastic kinetic equations.
Case 332: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor–induced Intestinal Lymphangiectasia
Authors: Adler Cameron , Menias Christine 
Published: December 2024

History A 65-year-old male patient with a history of sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma and prior right nephrectomy developed recurrent disease adjacent to the inferior vena cava. The patient underwent surveillance imaging 7 months after initiation of treatment with maximum-dose pazopanib and less than 1 month after completing a 2-month regimen of palliative stereotactic body radiation therapy to the right nephrectomy bed and site of recurrence. (Stereotactic body radiation therapy was initiated 5 months after pazopanib treatment was initiated.) One month after initiating treatment with pazopanib and 6 months before the surveillance imaging, the patient developed diarrhea and required ongoing treatment with loperamide to control symptoms. He denied any fatigue, mouth sores, or extremity pain, but described some abdominal pain and discomfort associated with the diarrhea. He was not experiencing any fevers, and vital signs were normal. White blood cell count was normal at 5100/μL (5.1 ×109/L) (reference range, 4200–10 200/μL [4.2–10.2 ×109/L]), with all components of the differential count also being normal. A normal serum albumin level of 3.9 g/dL (39 g/L) (reference range, 3.5–5.0 g/dL [35–50 g/L]) and low serum total protein level of 6.1 g/dL (61 g/L) (reference range, 6.3–7.9 g/dL [63–79 g/L]) were noted. A comprehensive metabolic panel was performed, indicating a serum chloride level of 98 mmol/L (reference range, 100–108 mmol/L) and an alkaline phosphatase level of 121 U/L (2.02 μkat/L) (reference range, 45–115 U/L [0.75–1.92 μkat/L]). The patient underwent surveillance imaging with contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis in the venous phase.
Clinical, Hematological, and Biochemical Profile in Seropositive Dengue Cases at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Tuladhar Eans Tara , Kandel Pratibha , Baidya Sujata , Rajkarnikar Smrity , Tamrakar Moniya , Rijal Gautam , Dubey Raju Kumar , Bhattarai Aseem , Raut Mithileshwer , Niraula Apeksha , Maharjan Ramesh Kumar , Sharma Vijay Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Background: Dengue virus infection is a major source of morbidity and mortality in the majority of tropical and subtropical nations. In Nepal, the first case of dengue was reported in 2004, followed by numerous outbreaks exerting a critical impact on public health. This study aims to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of dengue patients visiting a tertiary care hospital to see the trend of presentation.Method: Hospital based cross‐sectional study was conducted among diagnosed cases of dengue from April 2023 to September 2023. A total of 692 patients undergoing testing by commercially available dengue rapid diagnostic tests were recruited and categorized dengue positive (if NS1 and/or IgM positive) and dengue negative (NS1, IgM, and IgG all negative or only IgG positive). The dengue‐positive cases were further subdivided into three groups (only NS1 positive, only IgM positive, both NS1 and IgM positive). Additionally, biochemical and hematological analyses were performed, and results were compared between positive and negative cases by using Mann–Whitney U test while subgroups of dengue‐positive cases were compared using Kruskal–Wallis H test.Results: Most common symptoms were fever (94.5%) followed by headache (79.8%) and myalgia (74.7%). Among 346 dengue‐positive subjects, 53.2% (n = 184) were NS1‐only positive, 21.7% (n = 75) were IgM‐only positive, and 25.1% (n = 87) were both NS1+IgM positive. Thrombocytopenia (n = 179, 51.7%), leucopenia (n = 99, 28.6%), increased SGPT (n = 182, 52.6%), increased SGOT (n = 188, 54.3%) were seen among dengue positive patients. Leukopenia was more severe in patients with only NS1 positive cases (p = 0.008) whereas thrombocytopenia (p ≤ 0.001) was more severe in patients with both IgM and NS1 positive cases.Conclusion: Our study depicted there is a marked alteration in biochemical and hematological parameters specifically thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, increased transaminase levels, and high prothrombin time seen in dengue positive cases.
The Use of Puzzle Technique as an Active Learning Method in Psychiatric Semiology Teaching: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Yalcinturk Aydan Akkurt , Babaoglu Elcin , Sipahi Asli Zeynep , Gures Emel Erdeniz , Dogan Selma 
Published: December 2024

Background: Psychiatric symptoms assess and make sense of abnormal and pathological human behaviors and subjectivity and form the basis of psychiatry. Students are often confused during this process because psychiatric symptoms faced in a mental state examination are a complex procedure with their terminology. Because of the complexity and originality of psychiatric signs and symptoms, students have difficulty learning these concepts. The aim of the research is to examine the effect of the crossword puzzle technique on nursing students’ knowledge levels of psychiatric concepts.Methods: The study was conducted in the Nursing Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing 4th grade department of a foundation university in Turkey. A total of 90 students who took psychiatric nursing courses participated in the study. Students were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 45) and control groups (n = 45). A total of 6 crossword puzzles were applied to the students in the intervention group. “Information Form for Psychiatric Concepts” was applied to both groups in the pretest and posttest.Results: After the theoretical lessons and puzzle applications, the mean score of the students in the intervention group (81.95 ± 7.69) was found to be significantly higher than the students in the control group (77.53 ± 7.41) (p < 0.05).Conclusions: It was found that the use of the puzzle method was effective in increasing the knowledge level of nursing students about the psychiatric concepts.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05689489.
TabVer: Tabular Fact Verification with Natural Logic
Authors: Aly Rami , Vlachos Andreas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fact verification on tabular evidence incentivizes the use of symbolic reasoning models where a logical form is constructed (e.g., a LISP-style program), providing greater verifiability than fully neural approaches. However, these logical forms typically rely on well-formed tables, restricting their use in many scenarios. An emerging symbolic reasoning paradigm for textual evidence focuses on natural logic inference, which constructs proofs by modeling set-theoretic relations between a claim and its evidence in natural language. This approach provides flexibility and transparency but is less compatible with tabular evidence since the relations do not extend to arithmetic functions. We propose a set-theoretic interpretation of numerals and arithmetic functions in the context of natural logic, enabling the integration of arithmetic expressions in deterministic proofs. We leverage large language models to generate arithmetic expressions by generating questions about salient parts of a claim which are answered by executing appropriate functions on tables. In a few-shot setting on FEVEROUS, we achieve an accuracy of 71.4, outperforming both fully neural and symbolic reasoning models by 3.4 points. When evaluated on TabFact without any further training, our method remains competitive with an accuracy lead of 0.5 points.
Toward Robust RALMs: Revealing the Impact of Imperfect Retrieval on Retrieval-Augmented Language Models
Authors: Park Seong-Il , Lee Jay-Yoon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Retrieval Augmented Language Models (RALMs) have gained significant attention for their ability to generate accurate answers and improve efficiency. However, RALMs are inherently vulnerable to imperfect information due to their reliance on the imperfect retriever or knowledge source. We identify three common scenarios—unanswerable, adversarial, conflicting—where retrieved document sets can confuse RALMs with plausible real-world examples. We present the first comprehensive investigation to assess how well RALMs detect and handle such problematic scenarios. Among these scenarios, to systematically examine adversarial robustness we propose a new adversarial attack method, Generative model-based ADVersarial attack (GenADV) and a novel metric Robustness under Additional Document (RAD). Our findings reveal that RALMs often fail to identify the unanswerability or contradiction of a document set, which frequently leads to hallucinations. Moreover, we show that the addition of an adversary significantly degrades RALM’s performance, with the model becoming even more vulnerable when the two scenarios overlap (adversarial+ unanswerable). Our research identifies critical areas for assessing and enhancing the robustness of RALMs, laying the foundation for the development of more robust models.1
A Systemic Review on the Awareness, Adoption, and Utilization of Digital Health in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alfraih Abdulaziz Nasser , Lu He , Singh Chandrani 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study, grounded in existing literature, aims to establish a framework and derive conclusions regarding the awareness, acceptance, and utilization of digital medical and health services in Saudi Arabia. It sets the foundation for subsequent research phases to assess the impact of digital health adoption, evaluate the performance of these services, and provide governance insights. Metrics of adoption and acceptance are essential in determining the effectiveness and delivery of e-health services. The significance of this study lies in validating the acceptance and utilization of digital health services by diverse stakeholders, including patients, healthcare professionals, cloud service providers, and health systems, which will aid in future evaluations of performance and governance in digital healthcare. A systematic review was conducted, drawing on literature from various databases, to assess the levels of awareness, acceptance, and utilization of e-health services. Data were sourced from journal articles in databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, CINAHL, and MEDLINE, focusing on segments such as telecare, telehealth, telemedicine, and mobile and digital health under the information and communication technology domain. This comprehensive review evaluates the awareness, adoption rate, utilization, and user experience of digital health services in Saudi Arabia.
Taming the Leviathan? The Reason of State in International Law
Authors: Vadi Valentina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In humanist political theory, the reason of state mostly described a course of action that did not follow the usual criteria of law but rather what was useful. Nonetheless, a broader understanding of the reason of state focused on the community’s core values. Such common interests (ius status or ragion di stato) could be contrasted with, and balanced against, those of the international community (ius gentium or ragione delle genti). According to the latter view, the reason of state did not abolish the rule of law. Rather, it indicated state governance to preserve public safety (conservare lo stato). The article investigates how Alberico Gentili (1552–1608), a religious refugee and Regius Professor at the University of Oxford, transplanted the reason of state from political theory into the law of nations while subjecting it to natural law (ius naturalis), which can be compared to the contemporary notion of jus cogens.
The Status of Pro-poor Sectors’ Service Delivery in Selected Woredas of Amhara Regional State
Authors: Mengistu Ebabu Chekole , Belay Degwale Gebeyehu , Engdaw Besfat Dejen , Abitew Endalsasa Belay , Megbaru Abeje Tafere , Wondim Yetimwork Aniteneh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Providing services to the poor is a challenging task of local governments in developing countries. Governments are criticized for being asymmetric and urban-biased. This study assessed the situation of service delivery in the five pro-poor sectors, i.e., education, health, water, agriculture, and road and Transport. The study employed qualitative and quantitative research methods. A descriptive and cross-sectional research design was employed. Accordingly, data were collected from 269 sample respondents, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and observations. Samples were selected from three zones, 5 woredas, and 10 kebeles. The data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques. The findings of the study indicated that basic services are still out of reach for most of the people. Services of the pro-poor sectors are not accessible and responsive and lack accountability and transparency. Due to this, customer satisfaction in the service of five pro-poor sectors is low.
A method for in-situ assessment of soybean suitability to Clanis bilineata tsingtauica Mell and selecting for rearing specialized varieties
Authors: Yang L.W. , Liu N. , Yan Y.L. , Xu Y.F. , Wang D.Q. , Chen X.X. , Zhao K. , Gai J.Y. , Xing G.N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Clanis bilineata tsingtauica Mell (CBT) is a traditional edible insect. This study aimed to (1) establish an in-situ procedure for determining the suitability of soybean varieties for CBT rearing and (2) identify soybean varieties that are most conducive to CBT rearing. We developed two isolation rearing methods: the first employs mesh bags as isolation rearing tools in net houses (BIRN) and fields (BIRF), and the second uses net houses directly as isolation rearing tools (IRN). The suitability of fourteen soybean varieties with different maturity groups to CBT was assessed. Based on F values and genetic variation coefficients from single-factor and combined variance analyses across various environments, the weight of 15-day-old larvae was identified as the primary suitability indicator for BIRN and BIRF, and the 25-day-old larvae weight per plot was selected as the key indicator for IRN. BIRN and BIRF methods offer advantages such as moderate cost and high throughput, completing evaluations in just one-sixths of the consumable expenses required by IFN. IRN method more accurately reflects actual production condition, with larvae reared on mid-late maturing, lodging-resistant soybean varieties achieving significantly higher larval weights than those reared on other types of soybean varieties. BIRN and BIRF methods evaluate soybean varieties suitability for CBT primarily based on larval weight, whereas IRN considers both larval weight and larval survival rate. Thus, IRN provides a comprehensive assessment of soybean varieties suitability for CBT. BIRN and BIRF allow for multiple evaluations annually with low consumable expenses, while IRN can be employed to select varieties based on initial screening results from BIRN and BIRF. The combination of mesh bag and net house isolation rearing methods facilitates the identification of specialized soybean varieties for CBT rearing. By integrating both methods, two soybean varieties, NN18-25 and NN1138-2, were specifically identified optimal for CBT larval rearing.
Analysis of Research Trends in the Family Resemblance Approach to the Nature of Science in Science Education
Authors: Bae Kyungsuk , Son Yeon-A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study was aimed at assessing the research trends in the family resemblance approach to the nature of science (FRA-to-NOS). This was accomplished through bibliometric analysis using the R program and a literature review employing the analysis framework. The findings demonstrated that the field of FRA-to-NOS has been experiencing growth, with the journal Science & Education being the primary source of coverage for the field. Additionally, the study identified the most influential authors and articles. In addition, the results also showed that the current FRA-to-NOS research has been more focused on general science rather than science subjects such as physics and biology. The results also showed that the research has centered on pre-service science teachers and that qualitative and mixed methods were mainly applied as research designs. Based on these findings, the researchers identified four research gaps, including the need to develop domain-specific teaching methods and materials and suggested directions for future research.
Evaluating the Impact of the OIDDE Learning Model on Critical Thinking, Learning Outcomes, Ethical Attitudes, and Learning Engagement among Indonesian High School Students
Authors: Hudha Atok Miftachul , Oktapiani Handri , Rahardjanto Abdulkadir 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the effectiveness of the orientation, identify, discussion, decision, and engage in behavior (OIDDE) learning model in enhancing biology learning outcomes, critical thinking, ethical attitudes, and engagement among high school students in Indonesia. Employing a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests, the research included 66 randomly sampled students, evenly divided into experimental and control groups. Data were gathered through validated observation sheets, ethical attitude questionnaires, and tests, with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analysis conducted following normality and homogeneity tests. Results indicated significant improvements across all measured variables in the experimental group compared to the control group. The findings suggest that the OIDDE model was more effective than conventional methods in fostering comprehensive educational outcomes in biology, as its problem-based approach promotes active learning, ethical decision-making, and collaborative problem-solving, aligning well with the needs of 21st-century education. This study underscores the model’s potential for broader application across various subjects to enhance critical thinking, ethical behavior, and sustained student engagement.
Predictors of Mathematics Achievement among Eighth Graders in Jordan: Insights from timss 2019
Authors: Afari Ernest , Khine Myint Swe , El-Mikdadi Fikri Ahmed Dakhlalah , Almeqdadi Farouq 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The present study investigated the associations of students sense of school belonging, instructional clarity in mathematics lessons, students like learning mathematics, students confident in mathematics, and mathematics achievement among eight graders in Jordan. Participants were 7,176 students from Jordan who participated in Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (timss 2019). The study employed structural equation modelling (sem) in Mplus to examine the relationships among the observed variables. The results indicated that sense of school belonging, students confident in mathematics and students like learning mathematics had statistically significant association with mathematics achievement, students like learning mathematics and students confident in mathematics. However, there was no association found between instructional clarity in mathematics lessons and mathematics achievement.