bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Different Endodontic Irrigation Protocols on the Microhardness of Root Canal Dentin: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Takhar Kavneet , Jindal Neetu , Agarwal Renu , Rani Megha , Bansal Shallu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aim and Objective The present in vitro study was done to comparatively evaluate the effect of different endodontic irrigation protocols on the microhardness at coronal, middle, and apical levels of root canal dentin.
Method The total sample size for the study was 100. Each sample consisted of a longitudinally sectioned half of a root of a single-rooted tooth, which was then embedded in acrylic resin. The prepared samples were divided randomly into five groups of twenty samples each. Each group was treated with its respective irrigant to be tested. Group I was the control—the specimens were treated with distilled water. The specimens in group II were treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), followed by ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA). Specimens in group III were treated with NaOCl, followed by CHX. Specimens in group IV were treated with NaOCl, followed by hydroxyethylidene bisphosphonate (HEBP), and specimens in group V were treated with NaOCl, followed by propolis. Following this, all the samples were placed on the Vickers microhardness tester, and the results were tabulated and statistically analyzed to determine the irrigant solutions' effect on the microhardness of root dentin at coronal, middle, and apical third.
Results Intergroup comparison of various irrigants showed that 18% HEBP showed the least reduction in the microhardness values of root canal dentin, and 17% EDTA caused the maximum decrease in microhardness values with a significant difference. When the baseline values were compared with the values after the use of experimental solutions in all the groups, it was observed that the microhardness gradually decreased from coronal to apical third of root dentin.
Conclusion On the basis of the results obtained, it can be concluded that weak chelators such as 18% HEBP do not affect the microhardness considerably, and that they can be used in future in place of strong chelators, that is, EDTA, which make root dentin weak by more microhardness reduction.
Surgical Techniques for Correcting Aberrant Frenal Attachment: A Clinical Review
Authors: Baiju C. S. , Joshi Karuna , Virmani Ria , Gupta Gunjan , Kaur Pawandeep 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFrenum is a fold of mucous membrane, usually with enclosed muscle fibers, which attaches the lips and cheeks to the alveolar mucosa and/or gingival and underlying periosteum. Different types of frenal attachments have been observed and classified. Frenum with abnormal attachments may lead to mucogingival problems while hampering gingival health, as they cause an interference in the plaque control or may create a muscle pull. This condition may require management that can be usually performed with frenectomy and frenotomy procedures. Frenectomy is the complete removal of the frenum, while frenotomy is the incision and relocation of the frenal attachment. The present article is a compilation and review of a series of clinical cases of frenal excision through different surgical approaches.
Use of Groin Neurectomies for Noniatrogenic Testicular and Groin Pain
Authors: Sachdeva Sanchit , Chhabra Avneesh , Reisch Joan , Rozen Shai M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Chronic groin neuralgia is a life-debilitating condition that plagues patients worldwide. While groin neuralgia is usually traced to iatrogenic causes (inguinal hernia repairs, vasectomy, and hysterectomy), there is a unique subset of patients that present with noniatrogenic groin neuralgia. The diagnosis and treatment of these patients present a particular challenge.
Methods A total of 30 patients (current mean age, 46.5 [range: 19–72] years) who presented with noniatrogenic groin neuralgia and received neurectomies on the iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, and genitofemoral nerves between 2008 and 2017 were identified. A retrospective review of preoperative and immediate postoperative pain scores was compared with prospectively collected current pain on a Likert's scale (0–10). Additionally, patients were asked to complete a Short Form (SF)-20 and identify current pain medications. A two-sided Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test was used to analyze the data.
Results Of the 30 patients identified, 16 could participate (mean follow-up = 61 months). The average pain reduction for the entire group was 62.7%. When using an established 30% reduction pain as a marker for clinical significance, 12 successful and 4 unsuccessful patients had an average reduction of 81.1 and 7.68%, respectively (success rate of 75%). Patients with successful group showed a statistically significant increased social functioning (p = 0.012) and near-significant increase in mental health (p = 0.063). Improvements, albeit nonsignificant, in mean scaled scores for every other SF-20 quality of life (QoL) category were observed when comparing both groups.
Conclusion Neurectomy is a potentially beneficial surgery that can assuage pain and improve quality of life for patients with noniatrogenic groin neuralgia.
Biomechanical Assessment of the Influence of Inlay/Onlay Design and Material on Stress Distribution in Nonvital Molars
Authors: Darwich Ayham , Aljareh Abeer , Aladel Omar , Szávai Szabolcs , Nazha Hasan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of inlays/onlays with or without pulp extension from different materials on stress distribution in endodontically treated molars by three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA).Materials and Methods We used 3D mandibular molar models in this study. The models represented mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities restored by inlays, onlays that covered buccal cusps, and onlays that covered all cusps with pulp extension (modified inlay/onlay) or without pulp extension (conventional inlay/onlay). Three materials (L: lithium disilicate glass-ceramic, P: polymer-infiltrated ceramic network [PICN], and C: nanofilled composite resin) were utilized. A force of 600 N was applied vertically and obliquely. Stress distribution in FEA models was analyzed using the von Mises theory.Results The results revealed that an oblique load generated higher stresses than vertical load. Composite resin restorations transmitted almost all the stress to the neighboring tooth structures, while lithium disilicate ceramic restorations absorbed most of the stresses. Moreover, modified inlays and onlays with pulp extension proved better than conventional inlays/onlays in terms of stress redistribution in dental structures. Onlays showed a better pattern of stress distribution than inlays within the restoration and the restored tooth.Conclusions According to stress distribution in dental structures, modified lithium disilicate ceramic onlays with pulp extension have been found to be the best choice to restore endodontically treated molars among the studied restorations.
Social Media as a Source of Medical Information for Parents of Premature Infants: A Content Analysis of Prematurity-Related Facebook Groups
Authors: Taylor Katherine , Havinga Jaclyn , Moore Brittney , Tumin Dmitry , Bear Kelly 
Published: October 2021

Objective Parents are increasingly turning to social media for medical recommendations. Our objective was to systematically examine posts on Facebook for parents of infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to analyze how advice on medical topics was requested and given, and whether this advice was potentially medically inappropriate.
Study Design One hundred Facebook groups were screened for study eligibility. In each group, up to 400 posts on medical topics were evaluated. The first 10 comments of each post were classified based on content and presence of medical advice. Appropriateness of advice was evaluated by a neonatologist.
Results Of 28 groups meeting study criteria, 10 permitted access for data collection. We identified 729 posts requesting medical advice of which 29% referenced the NICU period. Posts on diagnosis and development (30 and 32% of posts, respectively) were the most common topics, and most likely to receive advice (78 and 76% of posts on these topics, respectively). We identified 238 comments containing potentially inappropriate medical advice and 30 comments recommending going against medical advice.
Conclusion Parents are utilizing Facebook as a source of support and medical information. Parents are most likely to give development-related advice from their own parenting experiences. The high percentage of posts requesting advice about diagnosis and development in the post-NICU stage suggests parents seek increased anticipatory guidance.
Key Points
Accurate prediction of mutation-induced frequency shifts in chlorophyll proteins with a simple electrostatic model
Authors: Srivastava Amit , Ahad Safa , Wat Jacob H. , Reppert Mike 
Published: October 2021

Photosynthetic pigment–protein complexes control local chlorophyll (Chl) transition frequencies through a variety of electrostatic and steric forces. Site-directed mutations can modify this local spectroscopic tuning, providing critical insight into native photosynthetic functions and offering the tantalizing prospect of creating rationally designed Chl proteins with customized optical properties. Unfortunately, at present, no proven methods exist for reliably predicting mutation-induced frequency shifts in advance, limiting the method’s utility for quantitative applications. Here, we address this challenge by constructing a series of point mutants in the water-soluble chlorophyll protein of Lepidium virginicum and using them to test the reliability of a simple computational protocol for mutation-induced site energy shifts. The protocol uses molecular dynamics to prepare mutant protein structures and the charge density coupling model of Adolphs et al. [Photosynth. Res. 95, 197–209 (2008)] for site energy prediction; a graphical interface that implements the protocol automatically is published online at http://nanohub.org/tools/pigmenthunter. With the exception of a single outlier (presumably due to unexpected structural changes), we find that the calculated frequency shifts match the experiment remarkably well, with an average error of 1.6 nm over a 9 nm spread in wavelengths. We anticipate that the accuracy of the method can be improved in the future with more advanced sampling of mutant protein structures.
Visual exposure enhances stimulus encoding and persistence in primary cortex
Authors: Lazar Andreea , Lewis Christopher , Fries Pascal , Singer Wolf , Nikolic Danko 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Experience shapes sensory responses, already at the earliest stages of cortical processing. We provide evidence that, in the primary visual cortex of anesthetized cats, brief repetitive exposure to a set of simple, abstract stimuli expands the range and decreases the variability of neuronal responses that persist after stimulus offset. These refinements increase the stimulus-specific clustering of neuronal population responses and result in a more efficient encoding of both stimulus identity and stimulus structure, thus potentially benefiting simple readouts in higher cortical areas. Similar results can be achieved via local plasticity mechanisms in recurrent networks, through self-organized refinements of internal dynamics that do not require changes in firing amplitudes.
Characteristics of a dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator driven by pulsed-DC high voltage
Authors: Su Zhi , Zong Haohua , Liang Hua , Li Jun , Chen Xiancong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDielectric barrier discharge using pulsed-DC high voltage (pulsed-DC DBD) have been proven to be capable of effectively reducing skin friction drag in turbulent boundary layers with limited power consumption, thus producing significant net power savings. In this work, the characteristics of pulsed-DC DBD, including power consumption, induced flow structure, thermal effect, and body force, are investigated sequentially. Both the power consumption and pressure waves produced by pulsed-DC DBD are similar to that of DBD using nanosecond pulses (ns-DBD), whereas the wall-bounded jet structure resembles that of DBD using sinusoidal high voltage (ac-DBD). A curved wall jet is induced at a small pulse width, which turns into a straight one due to the combined effect of momentum and thermal addition when the pulse width increases. With increasing pulse width, the induced body force goes up while the thermal effect weakens. Although pulse frequency has no impact on the wall-bounded jet topology, the body force increases with pulse frequency because of the enhanced energy entrainment. With these results, four parameters that affect the performance of pulsed-DC DBD are extracted, including the pulse leading edge, pulse width, frequency, and amplitude, which lays the foundation for the optimization of pulsed-DC DBD.
Quantum Monte Carlo study of topological phases on a spin analogue of Benalcazar–Bernevig–Hughes model
Authors: Guo Jiaojiao , Sun Junsong , Zhu Xingchuan , Li Chang-An , Guo Huaiming , Feng Shiping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study the higher-order topological spin phases based on a spin analogue of Benalcazar–Bernevig–Hughes model in two dimensions using large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations. A continuous Néel-valence bond solid quantum phase transition is revealed by tuning the ratio between dimerized spin couplings, namely, the weak and strong exchange couplings. Through the finite-size scaling analysis, we identify the phase critical points, and consequently, map out the full phase diagrams in related parameter spaces. Particularly, we find that the valence bond solid phase can be a higher-order topological spin phase, which has a gap for spin excitations in the bulk while demonstrates characteristic gapless spin modes at corners of open lattices. We further discuss the connection between the higher-order topological spin phases and the electronic correlated higher-order phases, and find both of them possess gapless spin corner modes that are protected by higher-order topology. Our result exemplifies higher-order physics in the correlated spin systems and will contribute to further understandings of the many-body higher-order topological phenomena.
Computational investigation on the photovoltaic performance of an efficient GeSe-based dual-heterojunction thin film solar cell
Authors: Hossain Jaker , Mondal Bipanko Kumar , Mostaque Shaikh Khaled 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article reports the design and computational analysis of an efficient GeSe-based n-ZnSe/p-GeSe/p
+-WSe2 dual-heterojunction (DH) thin film solar cell using SCAPS-1D simulation program with physical parameters from the literature. The device has been optimized considering the thickness, doping and defect density of each layer. The optimized device shows an efficiency of ∼42.18% with a short circuit current density, J
SC of 47.84 mA cm−2, an open circuit voltage, V
OC of 1.07 V and fill factor, FF of 82.80%, respectively that remains within the Shockley-Queisser limit of a DH solar cell. The raised built-in potential developed between the two interfaces of the devices produces a surpassing V
OC. The higher J
SC is attributed to the current generated by absorption of sub-band gap photons by a tail-states-assisted two-step photon upconversion mechanism in the WSe2 back surface field layer. These results indicate the potential of manufacturing the high efficiency GeSe-based DH solar cell in future.
Robust superconductivity against water corrosion in Ba1−x
K
x
Fe2As2 bulks
Authors: Tu Chang , Dong Chiheng , Yao Chao , Yang Peng , Guo Wenwen , Zhang Qianjun , Wang Dongliang , Zhang Xianping , Ma Yanwei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The degradation behavior of Ba
x
K1−x
Fe2As2 bulks in deionized water has been investigated via magnetic and electrical measurements, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and microstructure analyses. It is found that the polycrystalline bulk suffers a small loss of superconductivity in the deionized water environment for the 1st 12 h. However, it remains stable through the latter 10 d of immersion. We conclude the corrosion mechanism and suggest that the barium carbonate crystals and the amorphous iron-oxide accumulated on the surface prevent further reaction between water and BaK122 compounds. This unique surface passivation effect of BaK122 bulks is beneficial for practical applications in humid atmospheres.
Current–voltage characteristics of strained, highly underdoped La

2−x

Sr
x
CuO4 thin films
Authors: Zajcewa I , Chrobak M , Maćkosz K , Jurczyszyn M , Minikayev R , Abaloszew A , Cieplak Marta Z 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The temperature dependence of resistance and of current–voltage characteristics

I

−

V

are studied for two underdoped La1.952Sr0.048CuO4 films with different thickness and different degrees of built-in compressive strain. Strain induces an inhomogeneous superconducting (SC) state in the films, with two-step SC transition, consistent with the presence of SC islands coupled by the proximity effect. On further cooling, superfluid density is suppressed and global phase coherence is never reached. Instead, a reentrant increase of resistance appears, reaching several orders of magnitude in the thinner, more strongly strained film, and saturating at lowest temperatures. The saturation is accompanied by Coulomb blockade, which resembles the blockade reported for Josephson junction (JJ) arrays. However, increasing magnetic field quickly diminishes the influence of Coulomb blockade on transport, which is distinct from the behavior observed for JJ arrays. The observation of Coulomb blockade indicates that Cooper pairs survive in the insulating state, suggesting the local character of pairing.
Local tunability in a multi-port SQUID by an injection current
Authors: Xu Zuyu , Tian Wanghao , Chen Shixian , Yue Wencheng , Du Hongmei , Li Dingding , Wei Zihan , Lyu Yang-Yang , Sun Hancong , Wang Yong-Lei , Sun Guozhu , Chen Jian , Jin Biaobing , Wang Huabing , Wu Peiheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The tunability in Josephson junctions is foundational to the superconducting classical and quantum applications. Here, we demonstrate the local manipulation of supercurrent realized in a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) with two Nb/TiO
x
/Nb Josephson junctions that is biased at the TiO
x
layer. Our measurements indicate that the multi-port device allows for an easy and in situ tunability of the supercurrent. The control mechanism can be finely explained by simple yet valid theoretical methods, which take an effective electronic temperature across the SQUID and the self inductive magnetic flux into account. Furthermore, we show that the phase difference and kinetic inductance of this device can be tuned locally via the injection current. Thus, the device provides perspective for several superconducting electronics such as tunable superconducting circuits, sensitive magnetometry, and fast digital elements.
Performance of first Bi-2212 cable with pre-over pressure and over pressure heat treatment
Authors: Yang Dongsheng , Yu Min , Ma Hongjun , Zhang Zhengchuang , Wang Min , Liu Sheng , Jin Huan , Gao Peng , Zhou Chao , Liu Fang , Liu Huajun , Hao Qingbin , Li Chenshan , Kanazawa Shintetsu , Chen Wenge , Nijhuis Arend , Li Jiangang , Qin Jinggang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Due to the excellent current carrying performance of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x
(Bi-2212) and the development of its industrial manufacturing technology, Bi-2212 is a promising material to be developed as superconductor for application in fusion reactor magnets. The cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) concept is often chosen for the development of large-scale magnets because of their high stability. Bi-2212 is presently the only kind of copper oxide superconducting material which can be made into solid round wire, which provides a good basis for developing CICCs. The over pressure (OP) heat treatment can significantly improve the superconducting performance of Bi-2212 wires but it also reduces the wire diameter by ∼5%. This leads to an increase of the void fraction of CICCs, typically from 30% to 40% for a CICC with ITER scale dimensions. A pre-OP heat treatment before OP is proposed in this study. The reduction of the wire diameter can be completed before the formation of the continuous superconducting phase, which would dramatically decrease the CICC void fraction. One Bi-2212 cable consisting of 84 wires, was first pre-OP heat treated successfully and after completing the OP heat treatment, the cable’s transport performance was tested. The results showed good performance with a critical current (I
c) of 35.7 kA at 5.8 T background field in 4.2 K, which is consistent with the predication.
A review of interactions between ocean heat transport and Arctic sea ice
Authors: Docquier David , Koenigk Torben 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Arctic sea ice has been retreating at fast pace over the last decades, with potential impacts on the weather and climate at mid and high latitudes, as well as the biosphere and society. The current sea-ice loss is driven by both atmospheric and oceanic processes. One of these key processes, the influence of ocean heat transport on Arctic sea ice, is one of the least understood due to the greater inaccessibility of the ocean compared to the atmosphere. Recent observational and modeling studies show that the poleward Atlantic and Pacific Ocean heat transports can have a strong influence on Arctic sea ice. In turn, the changing sea ice may also affect ocean heat transport, but this effect has been less investigated so far. In this review, we provide a synthesis of the main studies that have analyzed the interactions between ocean heat transport and Arctic sea ice, focusing on the most recent analyses. We make use of observations and model results, as they are both complementary, in order to better understand these interactions. We show that our understanding in sea ice - ocean heat transport relationships has improved during recent years. The Barents Sea is the Arctic region where the influence of ocean heat transport on sea ice has been the largest in the past years, explaining the large number of studies focusing on this specific region. The Pacific Ocean heat transport also constitutes a key driver in the recent Arctic sea-ice changes, thus its contribution needs to be taken into account. Although under-studied, the impact of sea-ice changes on ocean heat transport, via changes in ocean temperature and circulation, is also important to consider. Further analyses are needed to improve our understanding of these relationships using observations and climate models.