bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In chunks we trust . . . the problem of gender assignment in foreign language learning of French
Authors: Wolf Johanna 
Published: December 2024

Aims and Objectives: The study explores the challenges foreign language learners face in gender assignment and agreement within nominal, verbal, or adjective phrases, specifically in comparison to native speakers and bilingual children. It aims to identify where learners struggle with gender assignment and to what extent these difficulties can be explained by their multilingual background. Additionally, it investigates whether integrating models of Universal Grammar and Construction Grammar can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the gender assignment process. Research Questions: The article adresses the following research questions: What are the specific challenges foreign language learners face in gender assignment within nominal, verbal, and adjective phrases, and to what extent can these challenges be explained by their multilingual background? Furthermore, how can insights from Universal Grammar and Construction Grammar be combined to develop a comprehensive explanatory model for these difficulties? Methodology/Approach: The research is based on a corpus of authentic learner productions written by learners of French as a foreign language (L3) with German as the learners’ first language (L1). Data analysis is focusing on processing and production errors related to gender assignment and agreement. Data and Analysis: Learner errors in gender assignment are analysed with regard to their frequency and patterns, considering the learners’ multilingual backgrounds, especially possible transfer effects of their L1. Findings/Conclusions: The findings suggest that learners face significant challenges in extracting and applying morphosyntactic rules for gender assignment. Errors are often linked to difficulties in processing gender noun-constructions as multiword units. Combining insights from Universal Grammar and Construction Grammar indicates that these constructions should be treated as holistic units, which may facilitate their acquisition and processing. Originality: The study bridges two prominent linguistic models—Universal Grammar and Construction Grammar—to offer a novel explanatory framework for understanding gender assignment in foreign language learners. This dual-model approach highlights the potential of treating gender noun-constructions as multiword units in language acquisition. Significance/Implications: The results have important implications for foreign language teaching, particularly in designing input manipulation strategies. Emphasizing the role of multiword units in language processing could enhance learners’ ability to filter morphosyntactic rules from input and improve their gender assignment accuracy.
Cognitive and linguistic predictors of word reading fluency in Turkish–Arabic bilingual and Turkish monolingual children
Authors: İlerten Ferda , Haznedar Belma , Babür Nalan 
Published: December 2024

Objectives: The study investigated the role of linguistic and cognitive factors in Turkish word reading fluency (WREAD) among second-grade Turkish–Arabic simultaneous bilingual and Turkish monolingual children. It specifically focused on the impact of phonological awareness (PA), phonological memory (PM), rapid automatized naming (RAN), morphological awareness (MA), morphological fluency (MF), processing speed (PS), and vocabulary knowledge (VK) on reading fluency. Methodology: The study used a cross-sectional design and collected data from 127 children in Hatay, Turkey. The participants completed a battery of tests measuring PA, PM, RAN, MA, PS, VK, and WREAD. The tests were administered individually, and the scores, along with the time spent on each test, were recorded. Data and analysis: Data from the tests were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Independent samples t-tests were conducted to determine the differences between bilingual and monolingual children in the linguistic and cognitive measures. Pearson r correlation analyses were conducted to illustrate the relationship among the variables and stepwise regression analyses to explore the extent to which these variables explained the variance in WREAD. Findings: The findings highlighted significant differences between Turkish–Arabic bilingual and Turkish monolingual children in PA and PS. While MF and RAN explained WREAD in the bilingual group, MF and PA were the strongest predictors of WREAD in the monolingual children. Originality: This study is the first to investigate word reading development in Turkish–Arabic simultaneous bilingual children, contributing novel insights into literacy acquisition in simultaneous bilingualism. In addition, the concept of MF has been proposed in the literature as a distinct measurement from MA. Significance: The study expands the existing knowledge on bilingual reading development, emphasizing the importance of timed cognitive and linguistic variables in predicting WREAD. It also sheds light on the educational needs of bilingual children in the Turkish context.
Self-reported history of physical intimate partner violence and longitudinal cognitive performance in midlife women
Authors: Baker Jillian S , Greendale Gail A , Hood Michelle M , Karlamangla Arun S , Harlow Siobán D 
Published: December 2024

Background: Intimate partner violence affects about a third of women in their lifetimes and can result in short- and long-term health consequences, including less favorable performance on measures of cognitive function. Objectives: We assess whether experiencing physical intimate partner violence in midlife was associated with steeper declines in subsequent tests of cognitive performance. Design: This study used data from 1713 women in the longitudinal cohort Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation to relate baseline information on physical intimate partner violence to declines in scores from the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, the East Boston Memory Test and the Digit Span Backwards spanning follow-up visits 7 through 15. Methods: Separate linear mixed models were constructed for each cognitive test outcome. Analyses were adjusted for race-ethnicity, education, financial strain, depressive symptoms, trouble sleeping, and bodily pain. Results: At Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation baseline, 3.1% of participants reported experiencing physical intimate partner violence in the prior year. In adjusted models, women who reported violence evidenced a statistically significant greater annualized decline (−0.17 points, 95% CI: −0.28, −0.06) in working memory (Digit Span Backwards test), compared to women who had not reported prior-year violence at baseline. Conclusion: Midlife women with a history of physical intimate partner violence exhibited a persistent decrease in the trajectory of working memory. These longitudinal findings extend previous cross-sectional reports which found that physical intimate partner violence had detrimental effects on working memory. These findings provide additional evidence that intimate partner violence is associated with decreases in working memory performance. They underscore the importance of further research into intimate partner violence and cognition during middle age, a particularly understudied life stage.
Quantification of Different Types of Waste and Batteries Associated With the Widespread Usage of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems
Authors: Petry Sebastian F , Bienhaus Marie , Petry Friedrich W , Petry Johannes K , Heinemann Lutz , Gäth Stefan 
Published: December 2024

Background: People with diabetes benefit from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems. A downside of these valuable aids for diabetes management is the generation of a tremendous amount of waste. This study aimed to quantify this CGM-related waste. Method: Twenty-four used CGM sensors from two different manufacturers (8× FreeStyle Libre 2, 11× FreeStyle Libre 3, and 5× Dexcom G7) were dismantled manually and separated in case, circuit board, and battery. Each component as well as included packaging, applicator, and leaflet were weighed separately. Results: Packaging, applicators, and leaflets accounted for most of the waste (FL2: 93.4 g; FL3: 58 g; G7: 108.1 g). The plastic case contributed mainly to the total sensor weight (FL2: 1.9 g/63% of 3.3 g; FL3: 0.5 g/49% of 1.1 g; G7: 1.9 g/59% of 3.2 g), whereas the weight of the electronic circuit board and battery varied (FL2: 0.8 g/25%, 0.4 g/12%; FL3: 0.2 g/17%, 0.4 g/34%; G7: 0.7 g/22%, 0.6 g/19%). Extrapolating these data based on annual worldwide usage of around 230 million glucose sensors, approximately 20,000 tons of packaging, applicators, and leaflets and 580 tons of glucose sensors are disposed of, including about 340 tons of casings, 130 tons of circuit boards, and 110 tons of batteries. Conclusions: Our data highlight the potential for optimized resource utilization by reduction of packaging, sensor size, longer application periods, implementation of multiuse applicators, and the need for recycling options.
Expectations and Outcomes From Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists As Adjunct Treatment for Type 1 Diabetes – Case Presentations
Authors: Seetharaman Sujatha , Cengiz Eda 
Published: December 2024

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to lifelong insulin dependence. Despite advancements in insulin therapies and glucose monitoring, maintaining optimal blood glucose control remains challenging with common issues like weight gain and glucose variability. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity, are being explored off-label for T1D. Case Report: This case series investigates the effectiveness of GLP-1 RAs, mainly semaglutide and tirzepatide, as an adjunct therapy to insulin in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with T1D, in a single center, providing real-world insights and highlighting practical issues. Discussion: Most patients had obesity, consistent with typical indication for use in AYA. Common gastrointestinal side effects improved with dose titration, but careful monitoring is needed for persistent symptoms. One patient developed an eating disorder, underscoring the need for vigilance. Insurance and medication shortage issues impacted treatment continuity, highlighting the need for better support. Glycemic parameters improved in most patients, with weight reduction in several patients with obesity, and no reported diabetic ketoacidosis. Conclusions: GLP-1 RAs can be a beneficial adjunct therapy in T1D, improving glycemic control, reducing insulin needs, and supporting weight management, while potentially preventing long-term cardiovascular and renal complications.
A scoping review of the patient experience with wearable technology
Authors: Hoff Timothy , Kitsakos Aliya , Silva Jasmine 
Published: December 2024

Objective This scoping review explores patients’ experience with wearable technology. Its aims are to: (a) examine studies that contain empirical findings related to patients’ experience with wearables; (b) compare these findings within and across studies; and (c) identify areas in need of greater understanding. Methods A Preferred Reporting Items for Scoping Review (PRISMA) guided approach was followed. Four databases of peer-reviewed articles (CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science) were searched for empirical articles involving patients’ experience of using wearable technology. A standardized data abstraction form recorded relevant information on the articles identified. Data analysis included frequency counts for all abstracted categories; and itemized (by study) findings related to patients’ wearable experience including satisfaction. Results Forty-six studies comprised the final review sample. The research literature examining patients’ wearable experience is characterized by variety in terms of sample sizes, medical situations and wearable devices examined, research settings, and geographic location. This literature supports a positive patient experience with wearables in terms of satisfaction and usability, although the evidence is mixed when it comes to comfort. The moderate to higher satisfaction, usability, and comfort findings across studies do not suggest any sort of pattern with respect to the type of wearable, medical situation, or location. Conclusions The review findings suggest that health care organizations should view wearable technology as a viable complement to traditional aspects of patient care. However, from a patient experience standpoint, there is still much to know and validate in this regard, especially as the technology continues to advance.
The effectiveness of digital health versus standard care on exclusive breastfeeding duration among postpartum mothers in LMIC: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Thepha Thiwawan , Carr Gillian , Marais Debbi , Kuasri Jatuporn , Klangphaow Kritsana , Tangpukdee Juraporn 
Published: December 2024

Objective This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of digital health interventions compared to standard care in promoting exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) among postpartum women in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods The PRISMA guidelines of reporting were followed for the searching of four databases and screening following eligibility criteria: articles presenting digital health interventions, conducted as randomized control trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental, or mixed-method studies, reporting on EBF duration and early initiation of breastfeeding, and published in the English language were included. Results Of 1595 articles screened, only 10 published between 2013 and 2023 met the criteria. Most studies were from Nigeria (n = 3), with others from Kenya, South Africa, Ethiopia, China, India, and Lebanon. Six were RCTs, and four were quasi-experimental. The meta-analysis shows digital health interventions significantly increase EBF duration, with the strongest effects at 6 months (odds ratio (OR) = 2,1.66–2.40), followed by 5, 3, 2, and 1 month postpartum, including the initial feed. Conclusion This suggests digital health interventions have the potential to enhance breastfeeding practices among postpartum mothers in LMICs. For future research, it is essential to consider accessibility, delivery intervention, healthcare professional collaboration, and the sustainable development of digital health interventions for postpartum mothers in LMICs.
Effects of Physical Activity and Exercise Interventions on Health Outcomes in Occupational Drivers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zeb Alam , Verbrugghe Jonas , Neven An , Burtin Chris , Janssens Lotte , Meus Timo , Timmermans Annick 
Published: December 2024

Background: Occupational drivers are exposed to a wide range of risk factors, including sedentary behavior and physical inactivity, which can contribute to various chronic diseases. However, exercise interventions are likely to alleviate the negative associations and reduce chronic disease risks. This systematic review aimed to inventorize research studies investigating the effects of physical activity and exercise interventions on health outcomes in occupational drivers, and to assess interventions that have demonstrated effectiveness on health outcomes in occupational drivers. Methods: The electronic databases “Web of Science,” “Scopus,” and “PubMed” were searched using keywords related to “occupational drivers,” “exercise,” and “health outcomes.” Studies were included if they examined the effects of physical activity and exercise among occupational drivers on the following health outcomes: pain, disability, lifestyle factors (sleep, weight, physical activity, nutrition), fatigue, stress, and cardiometabolic risk factors. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias tools for randomized and non-randomized studies. Results: Fourteen articles were included (three randomized and 11 non-randomized controlled trials). All studies were judged to have an overall risk of bias as “some concerns, low, moderate or serious.” Evidence suggests that stretching and isometric exercises have significantly improved pain, disability, and fatigue. In contrast, multicomponent lifestyle interventions have enhanced physical activity levels, cardiometabolic risk factors, anthropometrics (body mass index, weight, waist circumference), sleep, and dietary intake among occupational drivers. Conclusion: The available evidence indicates the potential benefits of exercise interventions and physical activity for health outcomes in occupational drivers. However, high-quality studies are needed in the future to establish stronger evidence supporting the effect of the exercise intervention.
Bertolotti syndrome presenting as pudendal neuralgia: A case report
Authors: Banks Dylan W , Michalak Nathan , Kane Luke , Siefferman Jason W 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Bertolotti syndrome involves clinical symptoms resulting from a lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV). This condition can alter pelvic biomechanics and may create a rub site between the transverse process (TP) and the sacral ala and/or ilium. Anatomically, it is found in up to 36% of the population and can present with a variety of symptoms, including back, groin, and leg pain. We present the first reported case of genital pain attributed to Bertolotti syndrome to increase awareness of the multiple pain referral sites associated with transitional structures. Case description: A 68-year-old female presented with a 30-year history of right-sided vulvodynia extending to her rectum. She had previously undergone years of pelvic physical therapy, tried multiple oral and topical medications, and had multiple non-diagnostic pudendal nerve and ganglion impar blocks. Pelvic CT revealed a LSTV with peaked sacral alae and a reduced gap between the L5 TP and sacral ala on both sides. Two fluoroscopically guided diagnostic lidocaine injections into the interaction site between the TP and sacral ala resulted in a 60%–70% reduction in vulvodynia. These were the only procedures in her 30-year pain history that provided relief. Conclusion: Bertolotti syndrome can refer pain to the pelvis, mimicking pudendal neuralgia. A stepwise diagnostic approach ruled out other sources and confirmed the transitional vertebra as the pain generator.
Comparison of Inferior Extensor Retinacular Reinforcement Versus Nonreinforcement in Arthroscopic Isolated Anterior Talofibular Ligament Repair for Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Shan Lei , Zhao Binzhi , Wang Hanzhou , Zhao Yanrui , Diao Shuo , Xu Xiaopei , Gao Yuling , Sun Qingnan , Lu Tianchao , Zhou Junlin , Liu Yang 
Published: December 2024

Background: Approximately 20% of acute ankle sprains progress to chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI), requiring surgical intervention. When only the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is ruptured, it is controversial whether to perform arthroscopic inferior extensor retinacular (IER) reinforcement. Purpose: To assess the postoperative outcomes of IER reinforcement versus nonreinforcement in arthroscopic treatment of CLAI with ATFL-only injury. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for publications on arthroscopic ATFL repair with versus without IER reinforcement. The final search date was July 7, 2023. Through a comprehensive meta-analysis, functional outcomes (American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot [AOFAS], Karlsson-Peterson [K-P], and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score [FAOS] scores), radiological outcomes (talar anterior translation and talar tilt), and complication rates (superficial peroneal nerve injury, knot irritation, and total complications) were evaluated. The mean difference (MD) was compared for continuous outcomes, and the odds ratios (ORs) were compared for categorical outcomes between the patients with versus without IER reinforcement. Results: A total of 4 studies (n = 271 patients; 157 male, 114 female; 141 patients with IER reinforcement, 130 without IER reinforcement) were included in the final analysis. There were no significant differences between the patients with versus without reinforcement regarding AOFAS score (MD = 0.72 [95% CI, –2.17 to 3.61]; P = .63; I2 = 0%), any of the FAOS subscores, talar anterior translation (MD = 0.10 [95% CI, –0.53 to 0.73]; P = .76; I2 = 0%), talar tilt (MD = 0.14 [95% CI, –0.86 to 1.13]; P = .79; I2 = 0%), or total complications (OR = 2.29 [95% CI, 0.92 to 5.71]; P = .07; I2 = 24%). However, the IER reinforcement group showed superior postoperative K-P scores compared with the nonreinforcement group (MD = 6.22 [95% CI, 2.17 to 10.26]; P = .003; I2 = 0%). Conclusion: The results of the meta-analysis suggest that IER reinforcement may not be necessary for achieving satisfactory postoperative outcomes in CLAI with ATFL-only injury. Further research is required to investigate the impact of ligament injury severity, body weight, and concomitant calcaneofibular ligament injuries on the results. Registration: CRD42023447669 (PROSPERO).
Blockchain for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry
Authors: Mardini D. Cerda , Sharma M. , Madathil S. 
Published: December 2024

The race for developing and marketing the best inline artificial intelligence (AI) solutions is already in full swing in the dental industry. While regulators are trying to keep up with this fast-paced innovation, end users of these technologies must be on guard to navigate this new landscape safely. Trust is the foundation for this guardrail. Although regulatory approvals can provide some level of trust to an AI solution, users must be empowered with the knowledge of essential vocabulary and semantics to ask the right questions to assess the trustworthiness of the solution. This commentary elaborates on one technology proposed to build trustworthiness in AI solutions: blockchain. Further, we enlist a nonexhaustive list of questions for the users to ask when considering AI solutions in dentistry that may claim to use blockchain technology. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The topic discussed in this commentary could serve as an initial inquiry point that deeply probes into the trustworthiness of an AI solution that a user might consider applying in the field of dentistry.