bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training Visual Pattern Recognition in Ophthalmology Using a Perceptual and Adaptive Learning Module
Authors: Ahmad Tessnim R. , Ashraf Davin C. , Kellman Philip J. , Krasne Sally , Ramanathan Saras 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background: To evaluate the efficacy of a perceptual and adaptive learning module (PALM) for teaching the identification of five optic nerve findings.Methods: In this prospective trial at a single academic institution, second- through fourth-year medical students were randomized, by class, to the PALM or a video didactic lecture. The PALM presented the learner with a short classification task consisting of an optic nerve image with all five possible findings. Learner accuracy and response time were used to guide the sequencing of successive classification tasks. Mastery for each finding was defined as three consecutive correct identifications within a target response time of eight seconds. The lecture intervention was a narrated video designed to simulate the related part of a traditional medical school didactic lecture. Accuracy and fluency on a pre-test, post-test, and delayed test (one month after the learning intervention) were compared within and between groups using the t-test. Cohen’s d was used to estimate effect size.Results: Eighty-three students participated. Accuracy and fluency improved significantly (P < 0.001) from pre-test to immediate post-test for both the PALM (accuracy d = 2.94, fluency d = 3.39) and lecture (accuracy d = 2.32, fluency d = 1.06). At the delayed test, PALM performance remained significantly (P < 0.001) greater than the pre-test in both accuracy (d = 0.89) and fluency (d = 1.16), while lecture performance remained greater in accuracy only (d = 0.44, P = 0.02). The PALM induced greater improvements than the lecture in both accuracy and fluency on the immediate post-test and delayed test.Conclusions: The PALM is an effective modality for training identification of common optic nerve findings.
Distance education (E-learning) as an effective tool to improve nurses’ perception and knowledge of developmental care of preterm infants: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Jalali Shala , fouruzi Mansooreh Azizzadeh , Mehdipour-Rabori Roghayeh , Bagherin Behnaz , Roy Kallista , Jamalli Zahra , Nematollahi Monirsadat 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Providing developmental care for preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is of special importance. To implement developmental care accurately, NICU nurses must have a proper understanding and sufficient knowledge in this field. This study aimed to investigate the effect of distance education on perception and knowledge of neonatal developmental care in nurses working in neonatal intensive care units. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design with two groups. The participants were 60 nurses working in neonatal intensive care units who were selected using convenience sampling. The instruments used to collect the data were the Demographic Information Questionnaire, the Developmental Care Knowledge Scale, and the Developmental Care Perception Scale. The data were collected before and one month after the intervention. The participants in the intervention group received developmental care training using an electronic file uploaded in Navid Learning Management System, while the members of the control group received no intervention. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS V25 software. All statistical tests were performed at the significance level of 0.05 (P = 0.05). Results: The results of paired samples t-test showed there was no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of perception and knowledge of developmental care before and after the intervention in the control group (p> 0.05). However, the difference in the pre-intervention and post-intervention scores was statistically significant for the participants in the intervention group (p<0.001). Moreover, the results of the independent samples t-test showed that the mean scores of perception and knowledge of developmental care between the two groups before the intervention was not statistically significant (p= 0.67)). The results of univariate analysis of covariance also showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean score of perception and knowledge of developmental care between the two groups after the intervention (p=0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that distance education for the developmental care of premature infants plays an effective role in the perception and knowledge of nurses working in the neonatal intensive care unit. Therefore, the development of e-learning packages for developmental care and their availability for nurses can be a step to improve the quality of nursing care for infants admitted to the NICU.
Integrated Geochemical And Mineralogical Investigation of Soil From The Volcanic Fogo Island (Cape Verde): Implications For Ecological And Probabilistic Human Health Risks
Authors: Pinto Marina M.S. Cabral , Saha Narottam , Ordens Carlos M , Pitta-Groz Denise , Carlos Gelson , Dinis Pedro , Marques Rosa , Prudêncio Isabel , Rocha Fernando , Silva Eduardo Ferreira da 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Volcanic regions are associated with increased environmental and human health risks due to elevated concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Fogo Island, Cape Verde, experienced recent volcanic eruptions, which raised questions about local soils' potential to pose such risks. To better understand the local mineralogy and geochemistry, and environmental and probabilistic human health risks, we (i) investigate the distribution of selected PTEs in 140 soil samples covering different geologic units, (ii) determine major associations between minerals and geological units, (iii) calculate the potential ecological risk, and (iv) model human health risks based on Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that the soils overlaying the older pre-caldera units yield higher contents of secondary minerals (phyllosilicates and Fe-oxides), with relative enrichment of PTEs. The soils covering more recent units are enriched with primary minerals (feldspar and pyroxene) and show elevated concentrations of Pb. This study suggests that As, Pb, Cd and Hg pose ‘considerable’ to ‘very high’ ecological risks. Based on probabilistic health risk simulation, ingestion is identified as the dominant pathway of PTEs exposure. Metal(oid)s are unlikely to cause a non-carcinogenic health risk, although As may pose a cancer risk for children. This research also provides health and environmental authorities with a tool to manage such risks.
Novel Breast Specimen Orientation Approach through 3D Visualizations for Relocating Inadequate Margins based on the Surgical Clips: Feasibility Study.
Authors: Doremalen Rob F.M. van , Lipman Kevin B.W. Groot , Riet Esther van 't , Torrenga Hans , Smits Maria M. , Heijden Ferdinand van der 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The current breast specimen orientation method after breast-conserving surgery is potentially inaccurate due to deformability and mobility of the extracted breast tissue. This complicates targeted relocation during re-excision or radiation. Therefore, we propose a new 3D-visualization method to communicate the breast specimen orientation to instantly provide an intuitive overview of the resection margins in relation to the surgical clips on the wound bed.Methods: In 15 female patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery, the surgeon labeled the surgical clips on the specimen and the wound bed. During pathologic assessment, after inking, a 3D scan was made of the specimen. Tumor tissue was annotated on the histological image and transposed to the respective location inside the 3D model. The transposed resection margins with respect to the labeled surgical clips were calculated and visualized. Intuitivity of the visualization was tested (face validity) as well as the quality of displayed resection margins and labeled clips.Results: Average face validity score for 3D-visualization was between ‘++’ and ‘+’ for surgeons and between ‘+’ and ‘+/-’ for pathologists. Average difference between computed resection margins and reported histologic margins was 1 mm. In 8 cases not all clips could be labeled in situ. In 5 cases not all labeled clips could be retrieved by pathology. Conclusion: The visualizations appeared valuable in interdisciplinary communications. The displayed resection margins approximated the reported margins. Consistent accurate surgical clip labelling proved challenging.
Circulating Exosomal miR-17-92 Cluster Serves as a Novel Non-Invasive Diagnostic Marker for Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Liu Fei , Han Ye , Li Dongbao , Zhou Jun , Xu Jingjing , Chen Weichang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Exosomal miRNAs are considered as promising non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of malignant tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression of exosomal miR-17-92 cluster and develop a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of GC. Exosomal RNAs were extracted and the expression profile of miR-17-92 cluster was detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The ROC (receiver-operating characteristic) curve and AUC (area under the ROC curve) analysis were used to explore the diagnostic utility of miRNAs. Statistical was used to analyze the expression of serum exosomal miR-17-92 cluster with the clinical pathological parameters of GC patients. The results showed that the expressions of four members of the exosomal miR-17-92 cluster in the serum samples of GC patients were significantly upregulated compared with those of healthy controls. The AUC for serum exosomal miR-17, miR-18, miR-19a and miR-92 was 0.750 (95%CI=0.626-0.874, sensitivity=84.7%, specificity=70.0%), 0.736 (95%CI=0.590-0.881, sensitivity=88.9%, specificity=65.0%), 0.700 (95%CI=0.562-0.838, sensitivity=62.5%, specificity=80.0%), 0.689 (95%CI=0.567-0.811, sensitivity=45.8%, specificity=90.0%), respectively. The AUC for the newly combined panel consisting of miR-17, miR-18, miR-19a and miR-92 was 0.808 (95%CI=0.680-0.937), with sensitivity of 90.3% and specificity of 70.0%, which showed much higher clinical diagnostic value for GC than any of the four alone or any pair. Besides, the AUC for the newly developed panel consisting of the two traditional tumor biomarkers including CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) and CA19-9 (carbohydrate antigen 19-9) and the four miR-17-92 cluster members was 0.881 (95%CI, 0.765-0.998) with sensitivity of 91.7% and specificity of 90.0%, which showed the greatest powerful clinical diagnostic value for GC. Moreover, the elevated exosomal miR-17-92 expressions were closely correlated with tumor size, tumor depth, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and TNM stage of GC patients. In conclusion, our findings revealed that circulating exosomal miR-17-92 cluster may be used as a novel potential non-invasive biomarker to improve the diagnostic efficiency in GC.
Mathematical Modeling of the Impact of Rehabilitation Centers on Illicit Drug Usage
Authors: Baba Isa , Sambo Saudatu Baba 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a mathematical model that studies the importance of treatment at rehabilitation centers intending to show the impact of the rehabilitation centers in minimizing illicit drug usage. We consider the global stability of endemic equilibrium using the properties of Volterra-Lyapunov matrices. Numerical simulations were carried out to show the impact of rehabilitation centers on illicit drug users.
Comprehensive Identification of Trem2 as a Key Factor in Promoting the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Predicting Prognosis
Authors: Han Sheng , Wang Ziyi , Yu Wenjie , Jia Chenyang , Jiao Chenyu , Chen Xuejiao , Li Xiangdong , Zhang Yu , Xia Nan , Ni Yong , Pu Liyong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroudsTrem2 is a core member of the Triggering recptor expressed on myeloid cell family, and its role in response to pathological damagewas first discovered in Alzheimer’s disease. Recently, the role of Trem2 played in tumor progression has been highlighted. However, the specific role and related mechanisms of trem2 in HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) are still ambiguous.MethodsThe 371 HCC data sets in the TCGA cohort combined with the TIMER2.0 online database were used to verify the potential role and prognostic value of trem2 in HCC.TIMER2.0 online database,immunohistology, immunofluorescence, Western Blot and other methods are applied to identify the correlation between Trem2 and HCC patient samples.Animal models of bile duct ligation, intraperitoneal injection of CCL4 and feeding of CDAHFD60 were used to verify the potential mechanism of trem2 to regulate HCC.ResultsTrem2 is significantly overexpressed in HCC and is an independent risk factor predicts the poor prognosis of HCC patients. Trem2 mainly regulates the progression of HCC in response to the mutations of TP53 and CTNNB1, which also suggests that Trem2 plays an important role in tumor pathological metabolism. Since HCC patients often accompanied by different degrees of liver fibrosis, we suspect that Trem2 may promotes the progression of HCC by regulating liver fibrosis.ConclusionOur research highlights the status of trem2 in the tandem or independent events of HCC's pathological metabolism, immune checkpoint coordination, and liver fibrosis. We predict that targeting Trem2 combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors may be an effective treatment for HCC with rich immune and metabolic microenvironment.
Novel One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA) Application in Prostate Cancer. What Can We Learn from its Usage in Other Cancer Entities? A Systematic Review
Authors: Cuadras Mercè , Planas Jacques , Celma Ana , Regis Lucas , de Torres Inés M. , Semidey M. Eugenia , Trilla Enrique , Morote Juan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Lymph node (LN) status is a key prognostic factor in the decision-making process of prostate cancer (PCa) management. Sectioning and haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining technique remain the gold standard for the evaluation of LN metastases despite some limitations, especially low sensitivity in detecting an accurate tumour burden within the LN, as well as a subjective and time-consuming result. One-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) quantifies mRNA copies of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) in a fast, objective, automated, and reproducible way, raising a general interest to explore its utility for lymphatic metastasis identification in different malignancies.Methods: To present the latest evidence related to the detection of LN metastases in several tumours by using OSNA compared with the conventional H&E method, a systematic review of articles published since March 2021 was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. References from primary papers and review articles were checked to obtain further potential studies. Our procedure for evaluating records identified during the literature search followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses criteria.Results: Twenty five studies were included. LN from six different groups of tumours: breast, gastrointestinal, gynecological, lung, head and neck and prostate cancers has been assessed. OSNA was compared with post-operative formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections with H&E staining as the reference standard. Contingency tables were created, and concordance rate, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were reported. Seventeen studies analysed the discordant cases using different techniques.Conclusion: OSNA method has a high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of LN metastases in several CK19 expressing tumours. Available evidence encourages its usage in PCa patients to improve LN staging and prognosis.
The Development and Psychometric Validation of the Japanese Version of the Home Healthcare Nurses’ Job Satisfaction: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Japanese Home Healthcare Nurses
Authors: MORI Yoko , SASAKI Miki , OGATA Yasuko , TOGARI Taisuke 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: High-quality and attractive work environments and nurses’ intention to stay are highly related to the job satisfaction of home healthcare nurses. Accordingly, a reliable and valid tool is required to assess home healthcare nurses’ job satisfaction for evaluating and improving the work environment and clinical practice of home healthcare. This study aimed to develop and examine the Japanese version of the Home Healthcare Nurses’ Job Satisfaction Scale (HHNJS-J).Methods: The Home Healthcare Nurses’ Job Satisfaction Scale (HHNJS) was translated into Japanese, and a backward-translation was performed until equivalence between the original and backward-translated the HHNJS was confirmed. Subsequently, a mail survey was conducted among 409 home healthcare nurses from 154 home healthcare agencies in Japan. We evaluated construct validity through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and criterion-related validity and internal consistency were also tested.Results: The CFA revealed, a second-order seven-factor structure and adequate internal consistency, although, the fit of the data to the factor structure was moderate. As per the goodness-of-fit indices of the final model of the CFA, the comparative fit index was 0.89 and root mean square error of approximation was 0.06. This newly translated scale can be used to assess the job satisfaction of home healthcare nurses within Japan.Conclusions: The HHNJS-J evaluated acceptable reliability and validity among Japanese home healthcare nurses and had application in clinical practice in Japan.
Different Features of Metabolic Connectivity Map and Granger Causality Method in Revealing Directed Dopamine Pathways: A Pilot Study Based on Integrated PET/MR
Authors: Wang Lei , Wei Longxiao , Jin Long , Li Yunbo , Wei Yixin , He Wei , Shi Le , Sun Qinli , Li Wei , Li Qiang , Li Yongbin , Wang Yarong , Yuan Menghui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Granger causality (GC) analysis and metabolic connectivity map (MCM) are two effective connectivity (EC) methods commonly used in functional brain researches. Although they have a common basis in central neurophysiology, their differences in depicting EC are not clear because of absenting data acquired simultaneously and exactly aligned. Integrated positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance image (PET/MR) technology makes this available. Using the “Monash rs-PET/MR” dataset obtained from the OpenNeuro database, we first conducted GC and MCM analysis of the brain dopamine reward circuit, a well-known system mainly consisting of the bilateral Orbital Frontal Cortex (OFC), Caudate (CAU), Nucleus Accumbens (NAc), Thalamus (THA) and Substantia Nigra (SN). Then, we validated their ability of describing EC to priori knowledge. The significance of each directed pathways within group were tested through one-sample t-test (for MCM) or Wilcoxcon test (for GC), the significance level was set at p<0.05 after FDR correction. Three types of connections were found: the cortico-nucleus (long-range), the nucleus-nucleus (neighborhood) and the symmetrical connections. GC revealed long-range connections including OFC-CAU and OFC-NAc; MCM revealed neighborhood connections including NAc-CAU, SN-THA, and THA-CAU, the symmetrical connections including the bilateral NAc, CAU, THA, as well as OFC-CAU. Thus, different patterns in directional networks of dopamine reward circuit revealed by GC and MCM. GC predominated at aspects of cortico-nucleus bidirected connections, while MCM of directed connections among close regions and symmetrical regions. This study implicates that research involving in effective connections should choose an appropriate analysis method according to the study purpose.
The First Case Treated with Larotrectinib of a Novel TMTC2-NTRK3 Fusion Undifferentiated High-Grade Pleomorphic Sarcoma of the Chest
Authors: Bai Chujie , Zhang Lu , Wang Yaohui , Guo Taiyan , You Xia , Fan Zhengfu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of mesenchymal origin, particularly the extremities and retroperitoneum, meanwhile it has been reported in almost all parts of the body. UPS is highly invasive and has a poor prognosis due to its clinical manifestations of painless mass and deep tumor site, which are usually found at an advanced stage. Patients with UPS tend to have a lower 5-year survival rate than patients with other types of STS. Recently, NTRK fusions were detected in many cancer types, such as thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, soft tissue tumors, uterine sarcomas, and melanomas. However, the mutation frequency of NTRK fusion in all cancers is only 0.1-1%. Targeted therapy with NTRK inhibitors, such as Larotrectinib and Entrectinib, leads to a response in most patients with NTRK1/2/3 gene fusion-positive tumors. Herein, we present a 68-years old man diagnosed with stage IIIA (T2N0M0G3) UPS. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed a novel TMTC2-NTRK3 fusion. The NTRK3 positivity was also detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). He had a response to Larotrectinib. This report broadens the spectrum of NTRK fusions in UPS and highlights a new target for treatment.
Influence of Reaction Time, Temperature And Heavy Metal On Characteristics of Cellulose- And Wood-Derived Hydrochars From Hydrothermal Carbonization
Authors: Zhao Xin , Li Zhaonan , Chen Yao , Ma Zhanwen , Huang Jin , Müller Michael 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising technique to convert biomass into valuable solid fuels. In this work, cellulose and wood-derived hydrochars were synthesized under hydrothermal carbonization conditions with different temperatures (200-250 ℃), reaction times (6 h or 12 h) and to determine their influence on hydrochars. Heavy metal element zinc is chosen to introduce into samples to simulate the heavy metal accumulate in biomass. The physical, chemical, and combustion properties of the hydrochars revealed that the majority of cellulose and wood conversion occurs at first 6 h, and faster conversion occurs at higher temperatures. The content of fixed carbon in the cellulose-derived hydrochar is higher than in wood-derived hydrochar. Moreover, cellulose is easier to be carbonized during HTC reaction than wood. O/C and H/C ratios of all hydrochars were similar to those of lignite and decreased with increasing reaction temperature. The composition of solids recovered after 12 h is similar at all temperatures, consisting primarily of sp2 carbons (furanic and aromatic groups) and alkyl groups. When a large amount of metal is introduced, part of the metal is combined with the energetic group, while the rest condense on the surface of the sample as zinc ions.