bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Distance Technology in Promoting Physical Activity in Cardiovascular Disease Rehabilitation: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial, A Pilot Study
Authors: Hakala Sanna , Kivistö Heikki , Paajanen Teemu , Kankainen Annaliisa , Anttila Marjo-Riitta , Heinonen Ari , Sjögren Tuulikki 
Published: April 2021

Background
Physical activity is beneficial for cardiovascular rehabilitation. Digitalization suggests using technology in the promotion of physical activity and lifestyle changes. The effectiveness of distance technology interventions has previously been found to be similar to that of conventional treatment, but the added value of the technology has not been frequently studied.

Objective
The aim of this pilot study was to investigate whether additional distance technology intervention is more effective in promoting physical activity than non-technology–based treatment in 12 months of cardiac rehabilitation.

Methods
The cardiovascular disease rehabilitation intervention consisted of three 5-day inpatient periods in a rehabilitation center and two 6-month self-exercise periods at home in between. Participants were recruited from among cardiac patients who attended the rehabilitation program and were cluster-randomized into unblinded groups: conventional rehabilitation control clusters (n=3) and similar rehabilitation with additional distance technology experimental group clusters (n=3). Experimental groups used Fitbit Charge HR for self-monitoring, and they set goals and reported their activity using Movendos mCoach, through which they received monthly automated and in-person feedback. Physical activity outcomes for all participants were measured using the Fitbit Zip accelerometer and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Results
During the first 6 months, the experimental group (n=29) engaged in light physical activity more often than the control group (n=30; mean difference [MD] 324.2 minutes per week, 95% CI 77.4 to 571.0; P=.01). There were no group differences in the duration of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MD 12.6 minutes per week, 95% CI –90.5 to 115.7; P=.82) or steps per day (MD 1084.0, 95% CI –585.0 to 2752.9; P=.20). During the following 6 months, no differences between the groups were observed in light physical activity (MD –87.9 minutes per week, 95% CI –379.2 to 203.3; P=.54), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MD 70.9 minutes per week, 95% CI –75.7 to 217.6; P=.33), or steps per day (MD 867.1, 95% CI –2099.6 to 3833.9; P=.55).

Conclusions
The use of additional distance technology increased the duration of light physical activity at the beginning of cardiac rehabilitation (for the first 6 months), but statistically significant differences were not observed between the two groups for moderate or vigorous physical activity or steps per day for both 6-month self-exercise periods.

Trial Registration
ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN61225589; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN61225589
Development of a Mobile App to Improve Numeracy Skills of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Participatory Design and Usability Study
Authors: Ntalindwa Theoneste , Nduwingoma Mathias , Karangwa Evariste , Rashid Soron Tanjir , Uworwabayeho Alphonse , Uwineza Annette 
Published: April 2021

Background
The use of information and communication technologies is transforming the lives of millions of people including children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the process of developing a user-friendly and effective mobile app needs to follow a complex standard protocol and culture-sensitive customization, and involves multiple sectors. This complex work becomes even more challenging when considering children with ASD in low- and middle-income countries as the users.

Objective
This study aimed to design and develop a more intuitive mobile app to improve numeracy skills of children with ASD in Rwanda and evaluate the usability of the app.

Methods
A participatory design approach was utilized in this study in which 40 children with ASD, 5 teachers, and 10 parents of children with ASD participated in focus group discussions (FGDs) and usability testing. A narrative literature review was performed to explore existing mobile apps and compare previous studies to design the questions for FGD and facilitate a framework for designing the app. The agile methodology was used to develop the mobile app, and the heuristics evaluation method was used to test and evaluate the usability of the initial version of the app to improve its functionalities. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed following the guidelines of the qualitative narrative analysis (QNA) method.

Results
During the FGDs the respondents shared their need for a mobile app in teaching and learning numeracy for children with ASD and pointed to possibilities of integrating the mobile app into existing curriculum. Ten themes emerged from the FGDs and exercise of developing the mobile app. The themes were related to (1) teaching and learning numeracy for children with ASD, (2) planning and development of a mobile app for a person with ASD, (3) testing a mobile app, (4) strength of the developed app against the existing ones, (5) behavioral maintenance and relapse prevention, (6) possibilities to integrate the mobile app into the existing curriculum, (7) data protection for users, (8) social implications, (9) challenges in Rwanda, and (10) focus on future.

Conclusions
The community plays an important role in the planning, development, and evaluation of a mobile app for children with ASD. In this study, inputs from teachers and parents resulted in an optimally designed mobile app that can improve numeracy skills in children diagnosed with ASD to support the implementation of competency-based curriculum in Rwanda.
Feasibility of a Voice-Enabled Medical Diary App (SpeakHealth) for Caregivers of Children With Special Health Care Needs and Health Care Providers: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Sezgin Emre , Noritz Garey , Lin Simon , Huang Yungui 
Published: April 2021

Background
Children with special health care needs (CSHCN) require more than the usual care management and coordination efforts from caregivers and health care providers (HCPs). Health information and communication technologies can potentially facilitate these efforts to increase the quality of care received by CSHCN.

Objective
In this study, we aim to assess the feasibility of a voice-enabled medical diary app (SpeakHealth) by investigating its potential use among caregivers and HCPs.

Methods
Following a mixed methods approach, caregivers of CSHCN were interviewed (n=10) and surveyed (n=86) about their care management and communication technology use. Only interviewed participants were introduced to the SpeakHealth app prototype, and they tested the app during the interview session. In addition, we interviewed complex care HCPs (n=15) to understand their perception of the value of a home medical diary such as the SpeakHealth app. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlational analyses. Theoretical thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data.

Results
The survey results indicated a positive attitude toward voice-enabled technology and features; however, there was no strong correlation among the measured items. The caregivers identified communication, information sharing, tracking medication, and appointments as fairly and highly important features of the app. Qualitative analysis revealed the following two overarching themes: enablers and barriers in care communication and enablers and barriers in communication technologies. The subthemes included parent roles, care communication technologies, and challenges. HCPs found the SpeakHealth app to be a promising tool for timely information collection that could be available for sharing information with the health system. Overall, the findings demonstrated a variety of needs and challenges for caregivers of CSHCN and opportunities for voice-enabled, interactive medical diary apps in care management and coordination. Caregivers fundamentally look for better information sharing and communication with HCPs. Health care and communication technologies can potentially improve care communication and coordination in addressing the patient and caregiver needs.

Conclusions
The perspectives of caregivers and providers suggested both benefits and challenges in using the SpeakHealth app for medical note-taking and tracking health events at home. Our findings could inform researchers and developers about the potential development and use of a voice-enabled medical diary app.
Conflicts of Interest Among Authors of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Investigating Interventions for Melanoma: Cross-sectional Literature Study
Authors: Rulon Zane , Powers Kalyn , Anderson J Michael , Weaver Michael , Johnson Austin , Hartwell Micah , Vassar Matt 
Published: April 2021

Background
Previous studies have highlighted the potential influence that industry relationships may have on the outcomes of medical research.

Objective
We aimed to determine the prevalence of author conflicts of interest (COIs) in systematic reviews focusing on melanoma interventions, as well as to determine whether the presence of these COIs were associated with an increased likelihood of reporting favorable results and conclusions.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses focusing on interventions for melanoma. We searched MEDLINE and Embase for eligible systematic reviews published between September 1, 2016, and June 2, 2020. COI disclosures were cross-referenced with information from the CMS (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services) Open Payments database, Dollars for Profs, Google Patents, the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and previously published COI disclosure statements. Results were quantified using descriptive statistics, and relationships were evaluated by Fisher exact tests.

Results
Of the 23 systematic reviews included in our sample, 12 (52%) had at least one author with a COI. Of these 12 reviews, 7 (58%) reported narrative results favoring the treatment group and 9 (75%) reported conclusions favoring the treatment group. Of the 11 systematic reviews without a conflicted author, 4 (36%) reported results favoring the treatment group and 5 (45%) reported conclusions favoring the treatment group. We found no significant association between the presence of author COIs and the favorability of results (P=.53) or conclusions (P=.15).

Conclusions
Author COIs did not appear to influence the outcomes of systematic reviews regarding melanoma interventions. Clinicians and other readers of dermatology literature should be cognizant of the influence that industry may have on the nature of reported outcomes, including those from systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Mining and Validating Social Media Data for COVID-19–Related Human Behaviors Between January and July 2020: Infodemiology Study
Authors: Daughton Ashlynn R , Shelley Courtney D , Barnard Martha , Gerts Dax , Watson Ross Chrysm , Crooker Isabel , Nadiga Gopal , Mukundan Nilesh , Vaquera Chavez Nidia Yadira , Parikh Nidhi , Pitts Travis , Fairchild Geoffrey 
Published: April 2021

Background
Health authorities can minimize the impact of an emergent infectious disease outbreak through effective and timely risk communication, which can build trust and adherence to subsequent behavioral messaging. Monitoring the psychological impacts of an outbreak, as well as public adherence to such messaging, is also important for minimizing long-term effects of an outbreak.

Objective
We used social media data from Twitter to identify human behaviors relevant to COVID-19 transmission, as well as the perceived impacts of COVID-19 on individuals, as a first step toward real-time monitoring of public perceptions to inform public health communications.

Methods
We developed a coding schema for 6 categories and 11 subcategories, which included both a wide number of behaviors as well codes focused on the impacts of the pandemic (eg, economic and mental health impacts). We used this to develop training data and develop supervised learning classifiers for classes with sufficient labels. Classifiers that performed adequately were applied to our remaining corpus, and temporal and geospatial trends were assessed. We compared the classified patterns to ground truth mobility data and actual COVID-19 confirmed cases to assess the signal achieved here.

Results
We applied our labeling schema to approximately 7200 tweets. The worst-performing classifiers had F1 scores of only 0.18 to 0.28 when trying to identify tweets about monitoring symptoms and testing. Classifiers about social distancing, however, were much stronger, with F1 scores of 0.64 to 0.66. We applied the social distancing classifiers to over 228 million tweets. We showed temporal patterns consistent with real-world events, and we showed correlations of up to –0.5 between social distancing signals on Twitter and ground truth mobility throughout the United States.

Conclusions
Behaviors discussed on Twitter are exceptionally varied. Twitter can provide useful information for parameterizing models that incorporate human behavior, as well as for informing public health communication strategies by describing awareness of and compliance with suggested behaviors.
The Effect of Training on Participant Adherence With a Reporting Time Frame for Momentary Subjective Experiences in Ecological Momentary Assessment: Cognitive Interview Study
Authors: Wen Cheng K Fred , Junghaenel Doerte U , Newman David B , Schneider Stefan , Mendez Marilyn , Goldstein Sarah E , Velasco Sarah , Smyth Joshua M , Stone Arthur A 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundEcological momentary assessment (EMA) has the potential to minimize recall bias by having people report on their experiences in the moment (momentary model) or over short periods (coverage model). This potential hinges on the assumption that participants provide their ratings based on the reporting time frame instructions prescribed in the EMA items. However, it is unclear what time frames participants actually use when answering the EMA questions and whether participant training improves participants’ adherence to the reporting instructions.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the reporting time frames participants used when answering EMA questions and whether participant training improves participants’ adherence to the EMA reporting timeframe instructions.MethodsTelephone-based cognitive interviews were used to investigate the research questions. In a 2×2 factorial design, participants (n=100) were assigned to receive either basic or enhanced EMA training and randomized to rate their experiences using a momentary (at the moment you were called) or a coverage (since the last phone call) model. Participants received five calls over the course of a day to provide ratings; after each rating, participants were immediately interviewed about the time frame they used to answer the EMA questions. A total of 2 raters independently coded the momentary interview responses into time frame categories (Cohen κ=0.64, 95% CI 0.55-0.73).ResultsThe results from the momentary conditions showed that most of the calls referred to the period during the call (57/199, 28.6%) or just before the call (98/199, 49.2%) to provide ratings; the remainder were from longer reporting periods. Multinomial logistic regression results indicated a significant training effect (χ21=16.6; P<.001) in which the enhanced training condition yielded more reports within the intended reporting time frames for momentary EMA reports. Cognitive interview data from the coverage model did not lend themselves to reliable coding and were not analyzed.ConclusionsThe results of this study provide the first evidence about adherence to EMA instructions to reporting periods and that enhanced participant training improves adherence to the time frame specified in momentary EMA studies.
Detecting Adverse Drug Events Through the Chronological Relationship Between the Medication Period and the Presence of Adverse Reactions From Electronic Medical Record Systems: Observational Study
Authors: Teramoto Kei , Takeda Toshihiro , Mihara Naoki , Shimai Yoshie , Manabe Shirou , Kuwata Shigeki , Kondoh Hiroshi , Matsumura Yasushi 
Published: April 2021

Background
Medicines may cause various adverse reactions. An enormous amount of money and effort is spent investigating adverse drug events (ADEs) in clinical trials and postmarketing surveillance. Real-world data from multiple electronic medical records (EMRs) can make it easy to understand the ADEs that occur in actual patients.

Objective
In this study, we generated a patient medication history database from physician orders recorded in EMRs, which allowed the period of medication to be clearly identified.

Methods
We developed a method for detecting ADEs based on the chronological relationship between the presence of an adverse event and the medication period. To verify our method, we detected ADEs with alanine aminotransferase elevation in patients receiving aspirin, clopidogrel, and ticlopidine. The accuracy of the detection was evaluated with a chart review and by comparison with the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM), which is a standard method for detecting drug-induced liver injury.

Results
The calculated rates of ADE with ALT elevation in patients receiving aspirin, clopidogrel, and ticlopidine were 3.33% (868/26,059 patients), 3.70% (188/5076 patients), and 5.69% (226/3974 patients), respectively, which were in line with the rates of previous reports. We reviewed the medical records of the patients in whom ADEs were detected. Our method accurately predicted ADEs in 90% (27/30patients) treated with aspirin, 100% (9/9 patients) treated with clopidogrel, and 100% (4/4 patients) treated with ticlopidine. Only 3 ADEs that were detected by the RUCAM were not detected by our method.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that the present method is effective for detecting ADEs based on EMR data.
Análise do perfil de pacientes que sobrevivem à sepse
Authors: Fernandes Taise Mateus , Ribeiro Rivael Marcelino , Comin Mariana Freitas , Dagostin Valdemira Santina , Ceretta Luciane Bisognin , Tessmann Mágada 
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil dos pacientes sobreviventes à sepse em um hospital privado do sul catarinense. Métodos: Foi realizado uma pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, transversal, documental, exploratória e de campo, no qual a coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de dados secundários oferecidos pela instituição na qual a pesquisa foi realizada. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes pesquisados eram mulheres, com sítio infeccioso predominantemente urinários, gastrointestinais e respiratórios, com manifestação da sepse em maio e agosto, com necessidade de reinternação e desenvolvimento de choque séptico. Conclusão: Observou-se que é essencial avaliar a qualidade de vida desses pacientes após sua alta hospitalar, para ter certeza de que o tratamento foi adequado e eficiente, reduzindo, consequentemente, os danos originados por essa doença, os quais influenciam diretamente na condição de saúde de cada indivíduo.Palavras-chave: Sepse, Perfil, Sobreviventes. Analysis of the profile of patients surviving sepsisABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the profile of patients surviving sepsis in a private hospital in southern Santa Catarina. Methodology: A quantitative, transversal, documentary, exploratory and field research was carried out, in which data collection was carried out based on secondary data offered by the institution where the research was carried out. Results: Most of the patients surveyed were women, with an infectious site predominantly urinary, gastrointestinal, and respiratory, with sepsis manifestation in May and August, requiring rehospitalization and development of septic shock. Conclusion: It was observed that it is essential to assess the quality of life of these patients after their hospital discharge, to be sure that the treatment was adequate and efficient, consequently reducing the damage caused by this disease, which directly influence the condition of health of everyone.Keywords: Sepsis, Profile, Survivors.
Global constitutionalism as economic the basis for the universalization of national legal systems
Authors: Goncharov Vitaly Viktorovich , Gavrilieva Nadezhda Konstantinovna , Gogoleva Nadezhda Ivanovna , Ignatyeva Olga Valeryevna , Shpinev Iurii Sergeevich 
Published: April 2021

The article studies the influence of global constitutionalism (as a social concept and phenomenon of social reality) on the processes of universalization of national legal systems taking place in the modern world, examines not only the limits and consequences of the impact of this dominant interpretation of social reality on the development of national legal systems, but also the problems that arise in national societies and states in terms of their preservation and development due to the growth of globalization processes in the world. The authors have developed a number of general principles, the observance and implementation of which will ensure, on the one hand, the preservation and development of national societies and states, and on the other hand, the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a person and citizen, which ultimately is a necessary condition for the preservation and development human society in the future.
PROBLEMATIKA PROFESIONALISME MILITER ERA REFORMASI: “Studi Kasus Keterlibatan TNI pada Pilkada Kepulauan Riau Tahun 2015 dan Pilkada Sumatera Utara Tahun 2018”
Authors: Siregar Sarah Nuraini 
Published: April 2021

Kritik terhadap profesionalisme TNI, khususnya dalam kontestasi politik pilkada, semakin menguat saat dekade kedua reformasi. Kritik ini berdasarkan fenomena TNI yang cenderung terlibat dalam Pilkada Kepulauan Riau 2015 dan Sumatera Utara 2018. Tujuan artikel ini adalah mendeskripsikan dan menganalisa keterlibatan militer pada kedua pilkada tersebut hingga menyebabkan kritik profesionalisme TNI muncul. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif berdasarkan studi kasus pada dua pilkada tersebut. Data yang diperoleh berdasarkan studi kepustakaan dari dokumen dan pemberitaan yang relevan. Lalu data-data yang menunjang analisis berasal dari referensi ilmiah pada topik profesionalisme militer. Peneliti melakukan validasi data melalui tehnik triangulasi, yaitu menguji data-data yang diperoleh melalui kombinasi beberapa sumber data lainnya. Dari dua pilkada tersebut, keterlibatan militer terjadi pada mobilisasi anggota TNI dan pernyataan eksplisit pencalonan diri dalam pilkada oleh perwira TNI aktif di depan publik. Hasil studi menyatakan reformasi militer di Indonesia yang belum optimal telah menimbulkan masalah dalam membangun profesionalisme TNI. Ini terjadi karena keengganan elit sipil dalam mendorong profesionalisme TNI agar steril dari politik. Lalu aspek regulasi yang mudah dalam menerjemahkan aturan keterlibatan TNI dalam pilkada melalui landasan pengamanan, serta budaya militer pada individu militer. Budaya ini menyebabkan militer belum konsisten menjauhkan diri dari pragmatisme politik.