bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of MicroRNA-122 as A Non-invasive Diagnostic Biomarker For Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and NASH related Cirrhosis
Authors: Musa Nevine Ibrahim , Agwa Sara Hassan , Faheem Heba Ahmed , El-din Ahmed Mohamed Gharib Alam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD is considered to represent the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. NAFLD was traditionally considered as a relatively benign liver disease. However, some patients with NAFLD progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma 8-13. Therefore, the precise diagnosis and staging of NAFLD patients is clinically important. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for the evaluation of NAFLD patients in terms of staging. However, liver biopsy is an invasive technique, and the identification of noninvasive biomarkers is required.

Objective
To assess the value of MicroRNA-122 as a non-invasive biomarker for diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH related Cirrhosis.

Patients and Methods
In the present study, we assess the value of MicroRNA-122 as a noninvasive biomarker for diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH related Cirrhosis. Gastroenterology and Hepatology outpatient clinic at: Ain Shams University Hospitals, Shebin El-Kom Teaching Hospital, Kafr Elsheikh University Hospitals. Clinical Pathology department at Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University.

Results
Patients with NASH had higher NAFLD score than patients with NAFLD than normal control. Patients with NASH had significantly higher frequency of upregulated miRNA-22. Patients with NASH had higher miRNA 122 expression than normal controls and patients with NAFLD. Likewise, patients with NAFLD had higher miRNA 122 expression than normal controls. The miRNA 122 was a significant discriminator of NAFLD and NASH with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 82% for NAFLD and a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 86% for the NASH.

Conclusion
miRNA-122 is a sensitive and specific biomarker in the early detection of NAFLD and NASH as they are linked to the lipid metabolism reducing the need for liver biopsy. NAFLD fibrosis score had high sensitivity in differentiating the NAFLD groups from the control group and in differentiating the steatosis group from the NASH group. Serum levels of miRNA-122 were positively correlated with BMI, ALT and AST.
Effect of Central Dialysis Fluid Delivery System (CDDS) on IL6 & CRP Levels in Prevalent Haemodialysis Patients
Authors: Elsayed Hesham Mohamed , Mahmoud Badawy Labeeb , Hassan Mohamed Saeed , Moustafa Ahmed Elsayed Elsayed Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Dialysis is a chronic inflammatory state due to both decreased renal clearance and increased production of procytokines, moreover extracorporeal factors, such as impurities in dialysis water,etc. The central dialysis fluid delivery system (CDDS) is a cost-effective, laborsaving, time-tested system with good microbial safety, which has been used for 45 years in many countries & this study, studies the effect of (CDDS) on IL6 & hs-CRP levels in prevalent hemodialysis patients.

Aim of the Work
To compare the effect of central dialysis fluid delivery system (CDDS) versus single-patient dialysis fluid delivery system (SPDDS) in purification of water that used in dialysate and its effect on inflammatory markers (hs-CRP & IL-6) levels in prevalent hemodialysis patients.

Patients and Methods
A Case control study that was conducted on 100 patients of end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis in a university-affiliated hospital. Patients were classified into two groups, each included 50 patients; group (1) receiving regular dialysis by central dialysis fluid delivery system (CDDS), while group (2) receiving regular dialysis by single patient dialysis fluid delivery system (SPDDS) . Patients underwent full clinical assessment including thorough history taking, clinical examination, routine investigation, IL-6 and hsCRP testing to all patients.

Results
One hundred prevalent hemodialysis patients were included in this study. In this study, the levels of IL-6 and hs-CRP were found to be significantly higher in group 2 (SPDS) as compared to group 1 (CDDS).

Conclusion
In conclusion, central dialysis fluid delivery system (CDDS) seems to have a better effect on systemic inflammation (IL-6 and hsCRP) as compared with single-patient dialysis fluid delivery system (SPDDS). There is a statistically negative correlation between serum IL-6 and hsCRP levels with dry weight, Hemoglobin level, serum creatinine level & serum albumin level for group (1) (CDDS). However, there is a statistically positive correlation between serum IL-6 and hsCRP levels with Total Leuckocytic Count (TLC), serum ferritin level, serum potassium level, weight gain and duration of dialysis for group (2) (SPDS).
Pulmonary Hypertension versus pulmonary congestion in Haemodialysis patients in relation to increased Interdialytic weight gain
Authors: El Sharkawy Magdy M , Khedr Lina E , Samy El Shimy Ahmed M , Abdel Rahman Ali E , Shebl Draz Ahmed M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Volume overload is considered as an important clinical problem in end stage renal disease patients. It is associated with morbid situations such as pulmonary hypertension and lung congestion.

Aim of the Work
to assess the effect of increased the patient weight between haemodialysis sessions that is known as interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) on pulmonary hypertension using Echocardiography (Echo) and lung congestion using lung ultrasound (LUS) in two groups: First group with IDWG &lt; 3.5% of their dry weight while Second group with IDWG &gt; 3.5% of their dry weight, compare between the two groups and to detect statistically the effects of IDWG & ultrafiltration on PAP and lung congestion.

Patients and Methods
This observational cross sectional study was conducted at on 60 patients who have end stage kidney disease &are currently on haemodialysis at Nasser Institute Hospital: 30 patients with an IDWG &lt; 3.5% and 30 patients with an IDWG &gt; 3.5% of their dry weight. Pulmonary artery pressure was measured by echo and patients classified according to PAP into mild, moderate and severe pulmonary hypertension. Lung congestion in all patients was measured by lung ultrasound and patients classified into minimal, mild, moderate and severe lung congestion.

Results
Our study showed that pulmonary hypertension prevalence was 30% while lung congestion was 100%. pulmonary hypertension pathophysiology includes acute and chronic processes and HD therapy alone is not effective in complete treatment of pulmonary hypertension and require medical treatment. Patients with increased IDWG &gt; 3.5% (group 2) had pre HD higher PAP than those with IDWG &lt; 3.5% (group 1) and patients with IDWG &gt; 3.5% had more change in their PAP post HD session than those with IDWG &lt; 3.5% but no significant difference between the change after the HD session in both groups. HD duration is an important factor in PH development over years. There is a significant relation anemia and hypercalcemia with PH. Patients with more increased IDWG &gt; 3.5% (group 2) had higher pulmonary congestion than those with IDWG &lt; 3.5% (group 1) and patients with IDWG &lt; 3.5% had more change in their lung congestion level after the HD session than those with IDWG &gt; 3.5% but no statistical significance between the change in both groups. There was a significant relation between HD therapy duration with pulmonary congestion measured prior to the session.

Conclusion
on the short term increased IDWG% affect lung congestion more than pulmonary hypertension.
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Correlation with Disease Severity Assessed by Ultrasound and Colonoscopy
Authors: Ebrahem Wesam A , Saleh Shereen A , Aly Mohamed O , Mohamed Dina S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic disease affecting

author
the gastrointestinal tract that is comprised of two separate, but related intestinal disorders; Crohn’ s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The diagnosis of IBD is most commonly made on the basis of clinical features in combination with findings on ultrasonography, endoscopy and histopathology.

Patients and Methods
This is a crosssectional prospective observational study. This study included 40 IBD patients (19 females and 21 males), presented to Internal Medicine department, El-Demerdash Hospital, Ain Shams University from June 2018 to June 2019. Patients were matched with 10 healthy subjects (7 females and 3 males) as a control group. All patients subjected to the following: Thorough medical history, clinical examination (general and local) and laboratory investigations including complete blood count with calculation of neutrophils to lymphocyte ratio, ESR and CRP on the day of the colonoscopic procedure. US examination and endoscopic examination were done for every patient.

Results
Mean value of NLR in IBD patients was significantly higher than those in control group representing 3.12±1.87 and 1.88±0.42 respectively but it was statisitically insignificant between active and inactive IBD patients with best cut off &gt;2,01 to differentiate active from inactive patient.THE NLR value was correllating with CRP only with no correlation with ESR,NLR value also has association with US findings that suggesting activity with best cut off &gt;2.5 to detect these findings by US in active patients.US has high sensitivity and specificity in discriminating patients with moderate and severe activity from those with mild activity or those in remission but it was unable to discriminate patient of moderate activity from patients with severe activity with strong assossiation with endoscopic scores of activity.

Conclusion
NLR values had higher sensitivity and specificity than CRP and ESR with the benefit of being readily available with an affordable price. They are more useful when utilized together with serum laboratory inflammatory indices (CRP and ESR).
Study of Circulating Apelin in Type 1 Diabetic Patients and its Association with Glycemic Control in a Group of Egyptian Population
Authors: Amer Hanan Mohammed Ali , Mahdy Maram Mohammed Maher , Marwan Dina Ahmed Marwan , Taha Doaa Abd Ellatif Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic and metabolic diseases worldwide. The incidence of T1DM is reported to be increasing by 3-5% per year, and the number of people with diabetes is estimated to reach 380 million by 2025. Several studies have shown that TIDM is associated with metabolic abnormalities and alteration of adipose tissue hormones (adipokines). Apelin, one of the most abundantly expressed adipocytokine, is a bioactive peptide and produces its effects through a cell surface G protein-coupled receptor called APJ.The apelinergic system, is involved in a wide range of functions including regulation of body fluid homeostasis, cardiovascular system, angiogenesis and energy metabolism . Additionally, apelin participates in pathological processes, including obesity and diabetes. Apelin plays a beneficial role in energy metabolism.

Objectives
The aim of this study is to evaluate serum Apelin levels in patients with type 1 diabetes and to correlate the serum Apelin level and glycemic control.

Patients and Methods
This study was a cross sectional study. Participants were classified into two groups. The first group included 60 patient with T1DM recruited from Ain Shams University Endocrinology and Diabetes outpatient clinics in Cairo during the period from June 2019 to January2002 and the second group included 40 healthy controls. Serum apelin (APLN), FBS, 2hrPP, HbA1c, lipid profile and eGDR were measured for each case.

Results
Comparison between T1DM patients and controls revealed that serum apelin levels, were significantly increased in cases compared to controls. Negative correlations were found between Apelin and HbA1c% in the diabetic group as a marker for glycemic control so apelin may have a promising role as biomarkers in T1DM.

Conclusion
Our study showed that apelin concentrations were increased in type 1 diabetic patients compared to healthy controls. The potential association of apelin with insulin secretion and action may reveal new pathways in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Apelin in T1DM patients may be considered as promising adipokines for predicting glycemic control.
Lipocalin-2 Level in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Association with Insulin Resistance and Metformin Therapy
Authors: Halawa Mohamed Reda , Ali Hendawy Laila Mahmoud , Hassanin Alaa Sayed , Ali El Halawany Salah Hussein , Abdel Kader Hanem Ibrahim Abdel Fattah 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
PCOS appears to be associated with an increased risk of metabolic aberrations, including insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease throughout womens’ lifespan. Obesity is a state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. This chronic inflammation is characterized by abnormal cytokine production and activation of inflammatory signaling pathways in adipose tissues, which contributes to insulin resistance and its related diseases such as PCOS and metabolic syndrome.

Objective
To evaluate Lipocalin-2 level in a sample of Egyptian females with PCOS and study the effect of metformin therapy on Lipocalin-2 level in patients with PCOS.

Methods
This case control study was conducted on 52 females, collected from the outpatient obstetrics and gynaecology clinics of Ain Shams University Hospitals from June 2018 to March 2019, their age ranged between 17-43 years old. divided into 2 groups:

Group (I)
32 women with polycystic ovary syndrome According to the Rotterdam diagnostic criteria of PCOS, and Group (II) 20 healthy women old with normal ovulatory cycle as a control group. All subjects were subjected to full medical history taking, thorough physical examination including BMI and waist circumference. Fasting plasma glucose, Fasting s.insulin, HOMA-IR, lipocalin-2 level were assessed.

Results
Serum lipocalin-2 levels did not differ between patients with PCOS and BMI-matched healthy controls (P-value 0.193), and there was no significant difference between the 2 studied groups as regard HOMA-IR (p = 0.375). Metformin therapy for 3 months in patients with PCOS in the present study, resulted in significant reduction in lipocalin-2 level (p-value&lt;0.01), (mean 54.2±15.3ng/ml before metformin therapy vs 42.9±14.2 ng/ml after metformin therapy). Moreover, metformin therapy in PCOS group resulted in significant reduction in weight, BMI, waist circumference and HOMA-IR. Furthermore, linear regression analysis for the parameters affecting lipocalin level in our study, showed that BMI was the only significant confounder affecting lipocalin level. So, the reduction in lipocalin level following metformin therapy in PCOS group in our study may be due to weight reduction perse.

Conclusion
PCOS per se is not associated with elevated serum lipocalin-2 levels. Metformin therapy induces a significant reduction in serum lipocalin-2 levels, weight, BMI, waist circumference and HOMA-IR in patients with PCOS. Reduction of BMI was the only significant confounder affecting lipocalin level after metformin therapy. So the reduction in lipocalin level following metformin therapy in patients with PCOS in our study may be due to weight reduction perse.
Evaluation of Metabolic Changes in HCV Diabetic Patients Treated With Direct Acting Antiviral Agents
Authors: Elsayed Engy Yousry , Saad Hany Haroun , Naguib Gina Gamal , Abouelela Hazem Ibrahim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Viral hepatitis is a major public health problem in need of urgent response. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Egypt is the highest in the world. Seroprevalence was modeled to 10.6% and viraemic prevalence to 7.3% in 2014. The association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and diabetes has been widely postulated. Prospective studies have demonstrated a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance in the HCV population.

Objective
to evaluate metabolic changes in HCV-positive diabetic patients following combination therapy of hepatitis C, clarifying the role of DAAs in these changes.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted in Ain Shams University Hospital outpatient clinics who attended from March to December 2018. our study included 70 patients, and were subdivided into the following two groups: Group I: Easy to treat group. Contains 35 diabetic patients with HCV related chronic liver disease treated with sofosbuvir, daclatasvir. Group II: Difficult to treat group. Contains 35 diabetic patients with HCV related chronic liver disease treated with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir and ribavirin.

Results
Treatment was considered successful when patients became non-viraemic as identified by negative HCV RNA serum PCR at 12 weeks from the end of the treatment regimens (SVR). It was found that diabetic patients treated with DAAs achieved reduction of HbA1C by mean of (0.724±0.3%). The mean increase of serum uric acid level was (0.607±0.4 mg/dL). There were increases in Cholesterol (by mean of 16.85±3.4), HDL (by mean of 5.34±2.1) and LDL (by mean of 13.91±4.2) as well as a decrease in TG (by mean of 13.56±5.1).

Conclusion
Our study concludes that HCV eradication in diabetic patients leads to various metabolic changes in the form of: Reduction of serum HbA1c level. Elevation of serum uric acid. Elevation of serum cholesterol, HDL, LDL as well as a decrease in TG. Further and larger studies are needed to evaluate the full magnitude of RBV effects on the patients’ metabolism.
Identifying the Clinical Pattern of Eosinophilic and Non-Eosinophilic Asthma subtype in adult patients with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Refaat Maged Mohammed , Sheha Dina Sayed , Raaft Riham Hazem , Refaat Maged Mohamed , Alia Heba Eid Farhat Abo , mohammed EL-Begermy Marwa , ElRasoul El-Ashry Marwa Abd , Sayed Sheha Dina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Context:- Asthma is a heterogenous disease with various phenotypes, it is the most common chronic disease characterized by airway limitation due to bronchospasm and airway inflammation associated with excessive mucus secretion from agitated mucus gland that occur due to air way hyper responiveness.

Purpose of the study
Comparison between eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthma patients.

Patients and Methods
100 bronchial asthma patients of age ≥ 18 years old divided into2 groups according to blood eosinophilia. All patients were subjected to: history. Total Asthma Control Test. Spirometry. Sputum eosinophil count. IgE levels 6-Skin prick testing (SPT). Nasal endoscopy.

Results
the mean age of all patients was (35.4 ± 12.8) years, majority (61%) of patients were males,; the mean ACT score was (18.7 ± 2); 39% of cases have obstructive pattern by spirometry, 39% of cases had abnormal nasal endoscopy, SPT had significant relation with asthma, there is significant correlation between total IGE,sputum eosinophilia with eosinophilic asthma.

Conclusion
Blood eosinophils had the highest accuracy in the identification of sputum eosinophilia in asthma. Total IgE values and sutum eosinophilia were markedly increased in patients with eosinophilic asthma more than patients with non-eosinophilic asthma.
The Role of Helicobacter Pylori Eradication on the Pathogenesis of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Egyptian Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Elmaltawy Mohamed Abdelftah , Khayyal Ahmed Saady , Osama Aly Mohamed , Elghandour Hisham Ashraf Elhussieny 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) is defined as alteration of mental state in the absence of other causes of encephalopathy due to liver failure and/or abnormal shunting of blood from portal to systemic circulation often accompanied by elevated blood ammonia.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the relation between the Helicobacter pylori infectionand minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in cirrhotic patients and to assess the outcome after treatment of H. pylori.

Patients and Methods
This study was can•ied out at Egyptian Railway Medical Centre at the in-patients section at Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medicine Department with chronic liver disease who agreed to participate in the study. After performing the psychometric tests the patients were allocated in one of the two groups according to test results: Group I: consisted of 30 consecutive patients who have chronic liver disease and presented with evidence of Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE), as recognized by positive psychometric tests, Group Il: included 30 consecutive patients who presented with chronic liver disease and did not have Minimal hepatic encephalopathy, as confirmed by negative psychometric test.

Results
In this study a significant reduction was found in blood ammonia levels in MHE and non- MHE after triple-drug anti-H. pylori treatment (p &lt; 0.001). This reduction was more marked in patients with MHE group compared to non-MHE group with % improvement in ammonia level 26.1 ± 8.36 umol/L and 17.79 ± 7.308 for MHE and non-MHE respectively. This finding indicates that H. pylori may contribute to the development of hyperammonemia in patients with liver disease and MHE. The role of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of hyperammonemia has been shown in previous studies which showed a reduction in blood ammonia levels after eradication of H.pylori infection.

Conclusion
Helicobacter Pylori infection was more prevalent in patients with MHE than without MHE. Serum arnrnonia levels were significantly higher in MHE patients than without MHE and even higher in H.pylori positive patients than without H.pylori infection. Helicobacter Pylori eradication treatment significantly improves ammonia levels, results of psychometric tests and improves manifestations of MHE.