bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of cubic splines for interpolating functional dependencies and processing the results of experimental studies
Authors: Osadchyi V V , Yeremieiev V S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Algorithms for constructing cubic splines with different boundary conditions have been developed: 1. The second derivative takes arbitrary values at the ends of the spline. A special case is the “natural spline”, when the second derivative at its ends is equal to zero. 2. At one end of the spline, the first derivative is given, and at the opposite end – the second derivative. 3. The first derivative is given at the two ends of the spline without any restrictions on the second derivatives. The proposed methods were tested on the example of interpolation of the function 10x sin xe

−x
for the interval [0, 1]. The relative calculation error for the number of nodes n = 10 was about 10−2. With an increase in the number of nodes to 1000 and 10000, the error increases, respectively, to 10−6 and 10−7 −10−8. It is shown that a number of problems with other boundary conditions can be solved using the proposed methods. The considered algorithms can be used for interpolating functional dependencies and processing the results of experimental studies, represented as a discrete set of pairs of numbers.
Soft Skills in Software Engineering Technicians Education
Authors: Varava I P , Bohinska A P , Vakaliuk T A , Mintii I S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The research work analyzes the problem of forming software engineering technicians’ soft skills, approaches to defining the list, detail and the maturity level of software engineering technicians’ soft skills and basic ways of their formation, in particular: development of new academic programs or individual innovative courses, the problem-oriented approach, the AGILE approach, gamification of learning, development of interdisciplinary courses, etc. The obtained data enable developing methodological recommendations to form software engineering technicians’ soft skills when studying the humanities and social sciences and experimentally investigating their efficiency.
Integrating business simulations software into learning environment of technical university
Authors: Antoniuk D S , Vakaliuk T A , Ievdokymov V V , Morozov A V , Kontsedailo V V 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe development of active learning approaches and the need in raising economic competency of the people within all the age groups brings business simulations software to the front of the appropriate tooling lists. The aim of the study considers the ways and approaches to introduce and effectively integrate business simulations software into learning environments of technical university. The object of the study is the learning environment of Technical University. The subject of the study is using business simulations software in the learning environments of technical university. The result of the study: several approaches of integrating business simulations software into a learning environment of technical university were analyzed and discussed. The paper is dedicated to generalizing practical experience of the authors in technical and logical implementation in the pedagogical practice, usage of business simulations software as students and users with theoretical research of broader set of approaches used to integrate business simulations software into educational software-based and organizational environments. Conclusions and future plans based on the results of the experiments were made. Main conclusions and recommendations: the range of approaches between deep integration with the learning management tools used in the learning environments and independent usage of business simulations software is possible to implement. Choice of approach depends on the goals, ICT-related maturity of the learning infrastructure and the percentage of active learning cases in the syllabus of the class. Future experimentation is needed to collect extensive data on integration possibilities, efficiency and effectiveness of the level of integration of business simulations software into learning environment of technical university.
Communicative patterns for IT professionals as means of mastering communication skills
Authors: Symonenko S V , Zaitseva N V , Osadchyi V V 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe paper deals with the aspects of English communicative pattern implementation into IT professional training. It is emphasized that the communicative pattern usage enhances prompt and fluent profession-related real-life communication and it is the essential part of education of IT specialists. Peculiarities of communication in the IT environment are highlighted. Considering typical situations and issues of communication the guidebook which contains recommendations and communicative patterns for IT undergraduates both for oral and written communication has been developed. In order to evaluate the purposefulness of the guidebook implementation in IT specialist training, two surveys (among lecturers and among undergraduates) of six universities have been conducted. The guidebook has proved to be suitable for practical classes, independent learning and laboratory works in humanities and profession-related disciplines. The survey conducted among English teachers has proved the increased interest, higher motivation and willingness to participate in communicative tasks crucial for specific employment.
IPHC emittance-meters: design and development
Authors: Bouquerel E. , Maazouzi C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC) of Strasbourg, which celebrates its 15th year in 2021, is composed of four departments. Each of these departments comes from a different scientific horizon such as eco-physiology, chemistry, subatomic research and medical imaging. IPHC was created with the ambition of having different competences to develop high-level multidisciplinary programs with the basis of scientific instrumentation. Beam diagnostics is one of the main fields that has been intensively investigated during all these years within the team of the Instrumentation of Accelerators. This paper focuses on one of its major achievements, the Allison emittance-meter, developed in the framework of SPIRAL2, MYRRHA and FAIR projects.
Global mean frequency increases of daily and sub-daily heavy precipitation in ERA5
Authors: Chinita Maria J , Richardson Mark , Teixeira João , Miranda Pedro M A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Changes in heavy precipitation frequency can be viewed as a change in the event return period, a common metric of risk. Compared with intensity, frequency changes are less well-studied and past work has largely been constrained to analysis of well-instrumented regions. We exploit the latest ERA5 reanalysis and its global hourly accumulations at 1/4° spatial resolution and apply a metric that captures frequency changes across both wet and dry regions. According to ERA5 and in a global average sense, during 1989–2018, hourly events that occurred once per year in 1979–1988 increased in frequency by 71 (53–93, 95% range) %, while the one day per year heavy event frequency increased by 44 (37–54) %. Thus, hourly events that occurred once per year in the baseline decade are on track to double in frequency by 2021–2030, and the daily events by 2047–2056. Furthermore, our results replicate prior findings that relative frequency increases are larger for increasingly rare events, and for the first time we quantify that mean frequency increases have been greater over ocean than land. Ocean increases are larger by factors of 3.0 and 2.1 for the hourly and daily events that occurred once per year in 1979–1988, respectively.
A preliminary ecological analysis of spring water in Al-Shanafiyah District, Al-Qadisiyah Province, Southern Iraq
Authors: Matrood Marwan Jaber , Hussein Haider Mashkoor 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research was conducted to assess the quality of spring water in the Al-Shanafiyah area of the Diwaniyah Province for a period of four months from September to December 30, when 3 samples were taken at average rates from Al-Qaim, Mashaher, and Obaid. The result showed that pH is natural and used for drinking and irrigation According to all samples and their most recent arrival (7.2-7.9), the standard limit for drinking water was noted (6.5-8.5). From turbidity effects in Al-Qaim spring water stays within its full limit per month, the standard limit for drinking water should be 5 NTU, but in the Obaid, spring water was allowed, except in November (10.1) NTU and December (11.2) NTU, to exceed the permissible limit, and readings exceeded normal Limits of pure drinking water, as shown in the Mashaher spring water, range (10.5-17.07) NTU results showed that the cataract was more saline special. The results showed a high degree of stiffness, except for the Al-Qaim spring. Alkaline Cataract readings still stay within the upper limit, despite their simplicity Increased levels and more than 200 mg/l of sulfate readings It should be observed to increase in all samples and to hit (1761-2351.5) mg/liter for all months, hence chloride readings confirm that this is the appropriate limit, remember the normal limit It should not exceed (600) mg/liter.
Effect of the genetic structure and sex local Iraqi chicken and Brahman in some hematological treaties
Authors: Taha Ahmed T. , Hasan Aljumaily Tareq Khalaf 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study conducted in the Physiological Laboratory of the Department of Animal Production/College of Agriculture/Tikrit University, with the aim of finding out the effect of the genotype and sex of local chickens and Brahma chickens on some hematological traits. Used 24 blood samples, twelve samples from local chickens and Brahma chicken, with six samples for both sexes. After performing the hematological analyzes, the following results showed A significant effect of the genotype was observed in the TCH, HB, MCV and MCH. Moreover, it showed a significant increasing for domestic chickens compared to Brahma chickens. The total number of red and white blood cells did not significantly affect the genotype. Sex had a significant effect on most of the studied traits (HCT, HB, RBC, MCV, and, MCHC), where males significantly outperformed females. The interaction between genotype and sex had a noteworthy impact (p≤ 0.05) on most ofthe considered characteristics, and it by and large demonstrated a noteworthy diminish within the examined characteristics in female Brahma chickens compared to male and female residential chickens and indeed male Brahma. However, not effect in WBC count. From the results local chickens recorded to exceed expectations in most of the physiological characteristics and for both genders, the immune status of both genetic structure was rise to, and this may show the versatility of the Brahma chickens to the Iraqi airspace.
Preparation and Characterization of MWCNTs-Chitosan Composite
Authors: Hassan Fatima F. , Karam Faiq F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present work aims to prepare Multi-walled carbon nanotube acid (M WCNTs-COOH) by using fragments Flam Deposition technique (FFD), grafting CNTS with Chitosan (CS) to prepare (CS-OMWCNTs)composite. Each of the following techniques is used to characterize the components of composite x-ray diffraction (X-RD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR), Raman spectra, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmitted electron microscope (TEM), and Laser Particle Size Analyzer technology. The results of the laser particle size analyzer showed that the particle size ranged between (87.8-403.3). Pattern of XRD showed that its diffraction spectrum contains crystalline materials with a good atomic arrangement of atoms with graphite, while SEM microscopy revealed that the average diameter of the tube was 40 nm. Raman Spectroscopy showed ID/IG ratio of 0.6, which means a lower degree of distortion in the compositional structure of the carbon nanotube. AS for TEM technology, it showed the attachment of carbon nanotube to the surfaces of chitosan. FT-IR showed the active groups present on the surface of carbon nanotube such as (COOH, OH)
The antibacterial activity of Althaea officinalis L. methanolic extract against some nosocomial pathogens in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Lateef Al-Awsi Ghaidaa Raheem , Alsudani Ali A , Omran Faiza Kadhim 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Althaea officinalis (A. officinalis) has been traditionally used to treat various infections. However the data on its antibacterial activity are scarce. Our aim was to study the antibacterial characteristics of A. officinalis methanolic extract against standard strains of Klebsiella aerogenes (K. aerogenes), Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) by in vitro and in vivo studies. Total flavonoid content was determined using spectrophotometry. The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MICs and MBCs, respectively) of A. officinalis were determined against bacterial species using both broth dilution and agar diffusion assays. In vivo experiment was performed using BALB/c mice in a model of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa skin infections. MIC and MBC of the extract was 100 mg/mL and 200mg/mL respectively against S. aureus and 50 mg/mL and 100mg/L against other pathogens. Exposure of 100mg/mL and 200mg/mL of methanolic extract significantly decreased P. aeruginosa and S. aureus growth (p<0.0001). The total flavonoid content of the extract was 973.09 ± 16.14 mg/gr. A. officinalis methanolic extract exhibited observable antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo. The flavonoids mostly participate in A. officinalis antibacterial traits.
A study of lead pollution element in selected samples of soils of some areas of Anbar province, Iraq
Authors: Mahmood Bashar Abdulazeez , Mejbil Mahmood Amin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aims to estimate the levels of lead pollution in soil samples from the selected sites in Anbar Governorate, represented by some schools, mosques, residential neighborhoods, industrial neighborhoods, hospitals, health centers, markets, public parks, etc., where (70) samples were collected and analyzed at different depths, from(10 to 5) cm. and from(10 to15) cm, to measure the concentration of the element of lead, and the results showed that the percentage of lead in most areas was within the permissible ratios globally, except for some areas, the percentage of lead exceeded the permissible limits, and after discussing the results, it was found that the areas in which a significant increase was found in The concentration of lead is a result of human and industrial activities such as transport, factories, and factories, especially the areas close to them, because these causes lead to lead in the air and deposited on the ground, so areas crowded with cars and electric power generators installed inside residential neighborhoods and fueling stations are the main sources of lead in the air and soil of those Regions.
Theoretical Study and Evaluation of Charge Transfer Rate At Zn Metal Contact with SnO

2
Semiconductor Devices
Authors: Al-Agealy Hadi J. M. , Mohammed Raghad L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the tin oxide SnO2 has been used in Zn/SnO2 junction devices structure to investigate the electric characteristic and charge transfer rate stability. The Zn/SnO2 Hetrojunction structures have been utilized to investigated the charge transfer rate using the quantum transition theory. The charge transfer rate properties of Zn/SnO2 devices with the orientation energy of configuration has been studied by quantum analysis of electronic transfer between donor and acceptor materials with MATLAP simulation program. It has been estimated and investigated using the work function of Zn metal and electronic affinity of SnO2 adding interface junction, which consists of higher doped SnO2 with the variation of energy absorption parameters of Zn metal, it influenced the electric properties of Zn/SnO2 devices due to limited transfer of charge. The orientation energy is effected with dielectric and refractive indices for metal and semiconductor. The orientation energy effected on the electric properties behavior in Zn/SnO2 devices due to results of charge rate. The charge transfer rate is increased with increased the overlapping strength coupling and reach to maximum at coupling 1.60 for all energy of system. From the calculation result of charge transfer rate, the rate is best at 2.119eV and has been achieved for Z/SnO2 devices with orientation energy 0.06267eV.
Lead Removal From Simulated Wastewater Using Magnetite As Adsorbent With Box–Behnken Design
Authors: Farise Sabaa B. , Alabdly Hussein A. , Hasan Ali A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The current education explores the magnetite aptitude by way of adsorbent in eliminating lead metal from simulated wastewater (SWW). The effect of magnetite dose, initial lead concentration, pH solution, and Adsorption time on the elimination procedure remained explored. The adsorbent remained considered through different instrumental methods (FTIR, SEM, and surface area analyzer) and was rummage-sale aimed at the elimination of Pb2+ metals from SWW. It remained initiate that the lead elimination touched 88.9 % through 0.3 g magnetite dose,75 min,2 ppm original concentration of lead thru pH = 6 at room temperature. The limits of adsorption were strong-minded aimed at heavy metals adsorption utilizing Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The consequences deliver robust evidence to support the adsorption mechanism hypothesis.
A study of medical waste management reality in health institutions in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate - Iraq
Authors: Falih Ahmed Mahmoud , Al Kasser Mohammed K. , Abbas Mukhtar Dhajir , Ali Hiba Abbas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The current study was conducted in Diwaniyah Governorate, Iraq (180 km south of Baghdad) to determine the effect of the wastes produced by health institutions on the environment and public health. The results showed that the amount of solid medical wastes generated from hospitals ranges between 3-3432 kg/day, and the treatment process is incinerators without any care taking to the health and environmental standards criteria. The study indicated that some hospitals do not contain waste treatment units for medical wastes. The medical wastes resulting from private clinics and laboratories are thrown with municipal waste without any sorting or treatment process. Liquid wastes from some government hospitals are thrown to the public sewage network without chemical treatment, while private hospitals lack wastewater treatment unit, and its wastewater and that’s results from medical clinics and private laboratories are discharged either directly into the river’s water through the rainwater network or by dumping it into the drainage using tank cars without any treatment. Thus, that most governmental and private health institutions do not have the ability to manage their medical wastes in an environmentally responsible manner and are not committed to the standards recommended by the Iraqi Ministry of Health and Environment in managing their medical wastes, which exposes workers in these health institutions, patients and the general public at risk in addition to the negative impacts on the environment and its living resources.
Disinfection By-Product Removal by Activated Carbon-using Batch mode
Authors: Hasan Nabeel Ibrahim , Makki Hasan F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research was aimed to study the efficiency of activated carbon to remove Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) from drinking water. This work studies the main compounds of DBPs Trichloromethane (TCM) and Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) at the effect of Temperature (25−35 C°), pH (4−9), adsorbate initial concentration (4−124 mg/l) for TCM, (4−100 mg/l) for TCA and adsorbent weight (15−20 g) of activated carbon. The results show that the adsorption capacity decreases with temperature and pH increasing, and increases with initial adsorbate concentration and adsorbent weight increasing. The kinetics of the adsorption was studies and the results showed that it followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics, also the thermodynamic parameters were determined for adsorption process where the results showed that the adsorption of TCM and TCA on activated carbon was spontaneously and exothermic. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms constants were determined for TCM and TCA, at the end of this work eight tap water samples from Baghdad University tap water were tested to determine TCM and TCA concentrations then treated with activated carbon where the removal efficiency was (98.1% − 99.37 %).
Hydrothermal Liquefaction Conversion of Lignocelluloses and waste Biomass Using Zeolite Catalyst
Authors: Hasan Noor Hadi , Jazie Ali A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The conversion of biomass into higher-value fuels is among the most famous feasible avenues for misuse of the stuff. At present, hydrothermal liquefaction is considered one of the most powerful methods for transforming wet biomass into bio-crude, but needs costly upgrading therapies to be used as biofuel.
It is important to use catalysts capable of directly enhancing the bio crude yield also efficiently of the reaction course. The value for increasing the total productivity of the operation. The effects on the yield of bio-crude and the effect of heterogeneous catalyst addition. A typical catalytic activity was established in lignocellulosic biomass hydrothermal liquefaction, causing the different catalysts to be divided four distinct classes (transition metals, lanthanides oxides, alkaline metal oxides, and zeolites). A hydrodeoxygenation action of the catalysts effect on quality, bio-crude yield, and it illustrates the working environments used. A highest yield of the use of bio-crude has been confirmed Metals and lanthanide oxides are transferred. That can concurrently guarantee high-production bio-crude quality. This study’s goal is to objectively summarize the impact of the added of zeolite catalysts on lignocellulosic biomass hydrothermal liquefaction, with a special emphasis on improving bio-crude yield and efficiency. It also highlighted the typical catalytic effects corresponding to zeolite catalysts.
Magnetic nanoparticles for hydroxy-PAHs removal from synthetic urine
Authors: ALfarhani Bassam F. , Al-Mousawi Riyam R. , Alzaidy Ali. S. , Aziz Raghad Shakeer , Shingar Fadha Kareem 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The study summarizes using a new synthesized core/shell type of nanoparticles to remove hydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The Fe2O3 coated with compound ((3-aminopropyl) triethoxy silane) and tested for removal of hydroxy PAHs from synthetic urine, The synthesized Core/shell nanoparticles were characterized using several techniques such as XRD analysis of The synthesized nanoparticles show amorphous structure. The results obtained showed the high value of the removal ratio that indicates of the tremendous power of the synthesized nanoparticles on removal of PAH.
The Impact of Climate Changs on Medicinal Plants in the Western Plateau/Al-Anbar Governorate
Authors: Hammody Dina T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper looked at the impact of climate changes represented by humidity, temperature and other related phenomena, on the growth of desert plants in the western plateau of Anbar Governorate. Desert plants covers 70% of Iraq area, consist of short herbs and thorny plants that resists drought. The number of desert plants is around 450 species of which 99% of medicinal use. Climate data analysing of the region under study, has been conducted for both annual and monthly temperature and humidity rates from 2010-2019. In addition, the effect of humidity and temperature on desert plants were reviewed, due to the importance of the temperature and its close relationship with humidity which is essential for plants growth. The article found that the changing of climate phenomena is one of the main factors that determine the quality and nature of the presence of different plant species in the study area.