bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of conventional DJ stent and single loop stent with string after ureterorenoscopic lithotripsy
Authors: Sharma Sonu , Sabale Vilas , Mulay Abhirudra , Mhaske Sunil , Satav Vikram , Nihar Surya 
Published: September 2021

Context:
Use of conventional double j stent with string and single loop stent with string after ureterorenoscopy.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the use of both types of stents using the Ureteral Symptom Score Questionnaire (USSQ) and assess proximal migration.

Settings and Design:
This was a single institute study.

Subjects and Methods:
A total of 96 female patients with unilateral ureteric stones were enrolled. Patients underwent ureterorenoscopic lithotripsy, conventional double J (DJ) stent with string and single loop stent with string was placed. Before stent removal at 7–10 days, they were evaluated with X-ray kidney ureter bladder for proximal migration and USSQ for stent-related complaints.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Student's t-test.

Results:
In our study, Group A (DJ loop with string) had 51 patients and Group B (single J loop with string) had 47 patients. The mean stone size in group A was 10.06 mm and Group B was 9.7 mm. Both groups had one case each of early stent expulsion and none had proximal migration of the stent. Group A had two cases of urinary tract infection and Group B had one case which resolved on antibiotics. Evaluating the USSQ questionnaire in both groups, urinary symptoms such as urgency (P = 0.03), dysuria (P = 0.02), interference with life (P = 0.01), and quality impact overall (P = 0.016) were statistically significant. Evaluating pain, sleep disturbance (P = 0.04), pain at voiding (P = 0.03), and flank pain during voiding (P = 0.018) was statistically significant. In general health, difficulty with heavyweight physical activity (P = 0.02), feeling calm (P = 0.16), social life enjoyment (P = 0.26), and need for extra help (P = 0.008) was significant. In sexual matters, 13 (28%) patients in Group B had no active sex (conscious) and 6 (12%) patients had stopped intercourse due to stent-related symptoms, whereas in Group A, it was 10 (20%) and 2 (4%) patients, respectively.

Conclusions:
The use of a single J stent with string is an effective method, has lesser complication, and is easier to remove.
Laparoscopy training status in India and a review of the current resident skill standards
Authors: Prasad T. Krishna , Sood Rajeev , Srivastava Aneesh , Krishnamoorthy Venkatesh , Gupta Manu , Rizvi Jamal S. , Vaddi Surya Praksah , Javali Tarun 
Published: September 2021

Context:
The aim was to identify the current training standard of laparoscopy skills among the urology residents.

Aims:
This paper presents the residents’ subjective perception of their laparoscopy skills and evidence of an objective assessment of their actual skills.

Settings and Design:
An online survey was mailed, and completed by urology residents in training. The residents’ perception of laparoscopy training received, exposure to laparoscopy procedures, and training facilities were queried. The assessment was done on the skill levels of the residents presenting at an annual training program.

Subjects and Methods:
103 residents responded to the online survey and 115 residents were assessed at the training program.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Discrete data were compared using the t-test to test for significance of the means; P < 0.05 was considered significant. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to obtain the relationship between variables.

Results:
An overwhelming 91% rated their laparoscopy skill as just “satisfactory” or worse, and 60% did not have any training facilities in their department. 66% continue to be “assistants only” in conventional laparoscopy surgeries. Assessment of basic laparoscopy skills in the dry lab revealed 92% of residents having poor laparoscopy skills; similar to the subjective opinion in the survey. Only 6% (n = 5) of the residents showed a good or better skill score in the dry lab; similar to the survey.

Conclusions:
Based on the survey, a large number of residents have a poor opinion of their own laparoscopy skills, and the training facilities available to them. The data objectively prove the self-assessment of the residents on their laparoscopy skill level.
Teknik Psikodrama untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Berprestasi Pada Siswa Madrasah Aliyah
Authors: Permana Hara , Haedari Amin 
Published: September 2021

Achievement motivation is expected to be owned by students, these variables have a role in encouraging students in the learning process to gain achievement. But low achievement motivation becomes a serious problem for students. So that counseling techniques are needed to increase student achievement motivation. This study aims to improve achievement motivation of grade XI students of MA Madania Bantul through psychodrama techniques. This study was action research carried out in five cycles using Kemmis and Taggart model. Each cycle consisted of four stages, namely planning, action, observation and reflection. The subjects in this study were 10 grade XI students of MA Madania Bantul. The type of action taken was psychodrama technique which consisted of three stages, namely preparation, implementation, and discussion. The data collection methods used was the scale, observation and interview. The instrument used in this study was the scale of achievement motivation, observation guides and interview guides. The success in this study was 80% of the subjects have high achievement motivation. The analysis of the data used in this research was the analysis of is quantitative descriptive. The results show that the technique psychodramas which included preparation, implementation, and discussion can improve achievement motivation of grade XI students of MA Madania Bantul.
Keywords: psychodrama; achievement motivation; action research
Abstrak
Motivasi berprestasi diharapkan dimiliki oleh siswa, variabel tersebut memiliki peran dalam mendorong siswa dalam proses pembelajaran untuk memperoleh prestasi. Namun motivasi berprestasi rendah menjadi permasalahan serius pada siswa. Sehingga diperlukan teknik konseling untuk meningkatkan motivasi berprestasi siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan motivasi berprestasi pada siswa kelas XI MA Madania Bantul melalui teknik psikodrama. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan yang dilaksanakan dalam lima siklus menggunakan model Kemmis dan Taggart. Setiap siklusnya terdiri atas empat tahap, yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 10 siswa kelas XI MA Madania Bantul. Jenis tindakan yang dilakukan adalah teknik psikodrama yang terdiri dari tiga tahap, yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan diskusi. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah skala, observasi dan wawancara. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah skala motivasi berprestasi, pedoman observasi dan pedoman wawancara. Kriteria keberhasilan dalam penelitian ini adalah 80 % dari subjek memiliki motivasi berprestasi tinggi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data kuantitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik psikodrama yang meliputi persiapan, pelaksanaan dan diskusi dapat meningkatkan motivasi berprestasi siswa kelas XI MA Madania Bantul.
Kata Kunci: psikodrama; motivasi berprestasi; penelitian tindakan.
Hanefî Fakihi Olarak Burhânülislâm ez-Zernûcî ve Taʿlîmü’l-müteʿallim tarîka’t-teʿallüm Başlıklı Eseri
Authors: ORUÇ Muhammed Ferruh 
Published: September 2021

Çalışma, Mâverâünnehir bölgesinde yetişen Hânefî fakihi Burhânülislâm ez-Zernûcî (ö. 593/1196 sonrası) ve onun Taʿlîmü’l-müteʿallim başlığını taşıyan eseri hakkındadır. Kitap, müellifinin fakih olmasının yanında eğitim alanında yazılan ilk eserlerden olması bakımdan önemlidir. Ayrıca kitabın mukaddimesinde ifade edildiği üzere müellif, ilim yoluna girenlerin yaptığı hataları görmüş, onların neden amaçlarına ulaşamadıklarını teşhis etmiş ve bu yolun nasıl tahsil edilmesi gerektiği üzerine eğilmiştir. Bir diğer tabir ile Zernûcî, eğitimin ahlaki boyutuna yönelmiştir.
Araştırmanın amacı eğitimci olarak çalışmalara konu olan Zernûcî’nin Hanefî fakihi kimliğini incelemek ve onun gözünden eğitimin ahlaki yönünü günümüz araştırmacıları ile paylaşmaktır. Araştırmanın önemi de bu noktada yatmaktadır. Zira Müslüman araştırmacıların asıl niyetlerinin, hedeflerinin ne olması gerektiği eserde anlatılmaktadır. Ayrıca ilim yoluna girip öğrenme yolculuğuna koyulanların bunu nasıl ve ne şekilde yapmaları gerektiğine dair sorulara cevaplar sunulmaktadır.
Araştırmada kaynak taraması ve elde edilen verilerin içerik analizi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Öncelikle Taʿlîmü’l-müteʿallim’in müellifi Zernûcî ve söz konusu kitabı hakkında kaynaklardan elde edilen az sayıdaki tarihi bilgi derlenmiştir. Daha sonra eserin mevcut baskısı ile birlikte, gerek duyulan yerlerde, kitabın meşhur iki şerhine müracaat ulaşılan örnekler bir araya getirilmiştir.
LITERATURA E HISTÓRIA: MULHERES NEGRAS BRASILEIRAS NOS CORDÉIS DE JARID ARRAES
Authors: Alves Henrique Roriz Aarestrup , Fronza Clarisse Odete Faccio 
Published: September 2021

Este artigo propõe destacar mulheres negras apresentadas como heroínas em literatura de cordel de Jarid Arraes (2017), revisando aspectos relacionados à condição da mulher escrava no Brasil, para dar visibilidade à sua participação na luta pela liberdade dos escravos, considerando que, historicamente, foram tratados como objeto/mercadoria e tiveram suas ações suprimidas na história, referido por Chalhoub e Silva (2009) como o paradigma da ausência do negro nos registros oficiais, sobretudo no que tange à participação da mulher nesse processo. Para tal, o livro Heroínas Negras Brasileiras em 15 cordéis, de Jarid Arraes (2017) foi definido como o corpus, justificado pela relevância da temática que apresenta, também por ser produzido em cordel, um gênero literário que, semelhante ao tratamento oficial dado ao protagonismo dessas mulheres, por muito tempo, teve seu valor colocado à margem do que se considerou Literatura; e, ainda, porque tem, como autora, uma mulher negra: elementos que dialogam entre si. A análise da obra possibilita, entre outras, as seguintes conclusões: a mulher negra instruída acerca de sua ancestralidade tem aumentadas suas possibilidades de emancipação e empoderamento, apesar das desigualdades de gênero e raça que persistem; o papel significativo que jovens escritoras negras desempenham na propagação do legado dessas heroínas, abalando, assim, o paradigma da ausência da mulher negra na história oficial da escravidão brasileira.
Follicular and serum levels of vitamin D in women with unexplained infertility and their relationship with in vitro fertilization outcome: an observational pilot study
Authors: Jeremic Ana , Mikovic Zeljko , Sudar-Milovanovic Emina , Isenovic Esma , Perovic Milan 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionFollicular and serum vitamin D are considered potential markers of the oocyte and embryos' quality and predictors of IVF outcomes.Material and methodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study correlated vitamin D in sera and follicular fluid of women with unexplained infertility mutually and with IVF outcomes. ELISA was used for measuring Vitamin D.ResultsResults show only a positive correlation between follicular and serum levels of Vitamin D (Rho=0.615, p=0.025) and between follicular levels of Vitamin D with the percentage of embryo fragmentation (Rho=0.544; p=0.036).ConclusionsResults suggests that serum and follicular fluid vitamin D measurements could be complementary tools to the routine assessment of embryos.
PENGGUNAAN GOOGLE FORM DALAM EVALUASI HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DI MASA PANDEMI C0VID-19
Authors: UTAMI LINA WAHYU SETYA 
Published: September 2021

Artikel penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan mengenai keefektifan pemanfaatan Google Form dalam pelaksanaan evaluasi hasil belajar peserta didik di masa pandemi Covid-19. Fitur yang di teliti fokusnya adalah penggunaan aplikasi Google Form sebagai alat evaluasi hasil belajar siswa . Dalam pembelajaran diperlukan evaluasi untuk mengetahui hasil dari proses belajar peserta didik, yang semula evaluasi dilaksanakan secara tatap muka dengan media kertas sementara di masa pandemi Covid-19 ini, evaluasi secara konvensional tidak bisa dilakukan karena dituntut untuk melakukan pembelajaran secara daring atau pembelajaran jarak jauh. Peningkatan penggunaan pembelajaran online memberikan tantangan bagi para pendidik dan peserta didik untuk memilih metode yang tepat untuk memfasilitasi peserta didik dalam pembelajaran daring khususnya dalam hal penilaian. Penggunaan aplikasi Google Form dalam kegiatan evaluasi hasil belajar siswa ternyata sangat efektif .Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode angket ada 35 siswa yang menjadi responden dan memberikan tanggapan positif dengan perolehan skor 71.50 % berkategori baik. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa penggunaan Google Form sebagai media untuk melaksanakan evaluasi hasil belajar siswa adalah efektif di tengah-tengah masa pandemi Covid-19 yang pembelajarannya tidak bisa dilakukan dengan tatap muka akan tetapi secara daring.
Malaria treatment compared for homeopathic medicines and Coartem in homeopathic clinics in Kenya â€“ A multicentre, pragmatic, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, ongoing trial
Authors: Brands Martien , Saio Mauro , Berkel Suzanne van 
Published: September 2021

Malaria still has in Kenya a high mortality and morbidity rate; this is coupled with rising resistance levels to the new standard drug Coartem in several South Asian countries, according to WHO reports. Homeopathy can be considered a form of individualized immune therapy and as such it deserves a place next to treatments focused at the microorganisms themselves. These factors require scientific evidence that may support its application in endemic diseases. We have developed a research line that comprises both qualitative and quantitative aspects of homeopathic management of malaria patients. The first two studies have been conducted in 2014, the third in 2015.
Aims: The assessment of homeopathically treated patients in several rural health care settings. This involves treatment of malaria in homeopathic clinics where comorbidity is also treated. The documentation of individualized homeopathy within homeopathic clinics, not an isolated study in a context where homeopathy usually not is applied.
Material and Methods:
1.	In a retrospective design in one clinic, the 2013-2014 rain season, a group of 54 malaria patients were assessed for classical malaria symptoms, homeopathic case taking, laboratory tests and prescription strategies.
2.	The prospective study in three clinics assessed the 2014 March â€“ June rain season patients for the effect of homeopathic individual treatment. 86 patients were assessed and 69 completed follow up. All but one who returned for follow-up were negative for parasites. A drop-out analysis was made, indicating logistics as the main cause.
3.	In 2015 a comparative study is being conducted between the effectiveness of homeopathy and the standard treatment of Coartem. Dependent variables are parasite conversion and quality of life. Both homeopathic and government clinic patients are participating; until now 50 cases from both groups have been confirmed negative for malaria parasites.
4.	Pooled results from the three studies shall be analyzed using principal component analysis, for correlation of patterns of affected organs and prescribed remedies.
Measurement report: Cloud condensation nuclei activity and its variation with organic oxidation level and volatility observed during an aerosol life cycle intensive operational period (ALC-IOP)
Authors: Mei Fan , Wang Jian , Zhou Shan , Zhang Qi , Collier Sonya , Xu Jianzhong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectrum and the CCN activated
fraction of size-resolved aerosols (SR-CCN) were measured at a rural site on
Long Island during the Department of Energy (DOE) aerosol life cycle
intensive operational period (ALC-IOP) from 15 July to 15 August 2011.
During the last week of the ALC-IOP, the dependence of the activated
fraction on aerosol volatility was characterized by sampling downstream of a
thermodenuder (TD) operated at temperatures up to 100 ∘C. Here we
present aerosol properties, including aerosol total number concentration,
CCN spectrum, and the CCN hygroscopicity, for air masses of representative
origins during the ALC-IOP. The hygroscopicity of organic species in the
aerosol is derived from CCN hygroscopicity and chemical composition. The
dependence of organic hygroscopicity on the organic oxidation level (e.g.,
atomic O:C ratio) agrees well with theoretical predictions and results from
previous laboratory and field studies. The derived κorg and O:C
ratio first increase as TD temperature increases from 20 ∘C (i.e.,
ambient temperature) to 50 or 75 ∘C and then decrease as TD temperature
further increases to 100 ∘C. The initial increases of O:C and
κorg with TD temperature below 50 ∘C are likely due to
evaporation of more volatile organics with relatively lower O:C and
hygroscopicity such as primary organic aerosol. At the high TD temperatures, the
decreases of O:C and κorg indicate that evaporated organics
were more oxygenated and had lower molecular weights. These trends are
different from previous laboratory experiments and field observations, which
reported that organic O:C increased monotonically with increasing TD
temperature, whereas κorg decreased with the TD temperature. One
possible reason is that previous studies were either focused on laboratory-generated secondary organic aerosol (SOA) or based on field observations at locations more
dominated by SOA.
Measurement report: Indirect evidence for the controlling influence of acidity on the speciation of iodine in Atlantic aerosols
Authors: Baker Alex R. , Yodle Chan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The speciation of soluble iodine and major-ion
composition were determined in size-fractionated aerosols collected during
the AMT21 cruise between Avonmouth, UK, and Punta Arenas, Chile, in September–November 2011. The proportions of iodine species (iodide, iodate and
soluble organic iodine (SOI)) varied markedly between size fractions and
with the extent to which the samples were influenced by pollutants. In
general, fine mode aerosols (< 1 µm) contained higher
proportions of both iodide and SOI, while iodate was the dominant component
of coarse (< 1 µm) aerosols. The highest proportions of
iodate were observed in aerosols that contained (alkaline) unpolluted
sea spray or mineral dust. Fine mode samples with high concentrations of
acidic species (e.g. non-sea-salt sulfate) contained very little iodate and
elevated proportions of iodide and SOI. These results are in agreement with
modelling studies that indicate that iodate can be reduced under acidic
conditions and that the resulting hypoiodous acid (HOI) can react with
organic matter to produce SOI and iodide. Further work that investigates the
link between iodine speciation and aerosol pH directly, as well as studies
on the formation and decay of organo-iodine compounds under aerosol
conditions, will be necessary before the importance of this chemistry in
regulating aerosol iodine speciation can be confirmed.
Retrievals of dust-related particle mass and ice-nucleating particle concentration profiles with ground-based polarization lidar and sun photometer over a megacity in central China
Authors: He Yun , Zhang Yunfei , Liu Fuchao , Yin Zhenping , Yi Yang , Zhan Yifan , Yi Fan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The POLIPHON (polarization lidar photometer networking)
method is a powerful pathway to retrieve the height profiles of dust-related
particle mass and ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentrations. The
conversion factors fitted from the sun photometer observation data are the
major part of the POLIPHON computations, which can convert the
polarization-lidar-derived dust extinction coefficients into
dust-related particle mass and INP concentrations. For the central Chinese
megacity of Wuhan (30.5∘ N, 114.4∘ E), located at the
downstream area several thousands of kilometers far away from the source
regions of Asian dust, dust particles always mix with other aerosols from
local emissions. Therefore, very few dust case data sets can be available
when using the column-integrated Ångström exponent (for 440–870 nm) <0.3 and aerosol optical depth (at 532 nm) >0.1
recorded by a sun photometer as the filtering criteria. Instead, we present
another dust case data set screening scheme that applies the simultaneous
polarization lidar observation to verify the occurrence of dust. Based on
the 33 dust-intrusion days identified during 2011–2013, the
extinction-to-volume (cv,d) and extinction-to-large particle
(with radius >250 nm) number concentration
(c250,d) conversion factors are determined to be
(0.52±0.12)×10-12Mmm3m-3
and 0.19±0.05 Mm cm−3, respectively. The c250,d
for Wuhan is 27 % larger than that observed at Lanzhou SACOL
(36.0∘ N, 104.1∘ E), a site closer to the Gobi Desert,
and tends to be closer to those observed in North Africa and the Middle East,
indicating dust aerosols from these two sources are also possibly involved
in the dust events observed over Wuhan. As a comparison, the conversion
factor c290,c of 0.11±0.02Mmcm-3 for continental aerosol is much smaller than
c250,d, indicating that there is no significant influence of
urban aerosols on the retrievals of dust-related conversion factor over
Wuhan. The conversion factors are applied in a dust event in Wuhan to reveal
the typical dust-related immersion-mode INP concentration over East Asian
cities. The proposed dust case data set screening scheme may potentially be
extended to the other polluted city sites that are more influenced by mixed dust.
Educational Leadership in the U.S. and Vietnam: A Cross-Culture Comparative Study
Authors: Tran Bich Thi Ngoc 
Published: September 2021

Under globalisation, comparative educational studies have become more relevant. This paper is the first of its kind to compare education and training for principals in Vietnam and the U.S. and will offer among the few systematic studies on school leadership in Vietnam. Utilizing previous research on educational leadership and culture in the U.S. and Vietnam, and survey results from Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in 2018, I used t-test analyses to test several hypotheses about the differences between principals in the two countries. The findings suggest differences in age, gender, managerial experience, teaching obligation, and obtained levels of education and training between American principals and Vietnamese principals. Principals in the U.S. are younger and less experienced than principals in Vietnam. Level of education and need for professional development programs potentially indicate that American principals receive more thorough training in their education compared to Vietnamese principals. Accordingly, this comparative study provides valuable insights for both countries and contributes to diversifying the literature on educational leadership which the West has long dominated.