bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of four galactans by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron A4 based on transcriptome
Authors: Li Song , Zhang Baojie , Hu Jielun , Zhong Yadong , Sun Yonggan , Nie Shaoping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe interaction between gut microbiota and polysaccharide is being paid more and more attention. Galactan is a kind of polysaccharide mainly composed of galactose, and it has been shown to play a significant role in regulating gut microbiota. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is considered as the best degrader of polysaccharides. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the utilization of four different galactans, including agarose, carrageenan, arabinogalactan, and glucofucogalactan, by our own isolated B. thetaiotaomicron A4. Samples of cultures grown on either four galactans groups or control groups were collected. The change of OD600, pH, and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) during fermentation were determined, and growth curve and transcriptome of B. thetaiotaomicron A4 were studied. B. thetaiotaomicron A4 could utilize the four galactans and grew well on them, with carrageenan being most utilized, followed by arabinogalactan, glucofucogalactan, and agarose. SCFAs (mainly acetic acid and propionic acid) produced along with the decreased pH during fermentation. A large number of genes of B. thetaiotaomicron A4 were upregulated and functioned in different pathways during the degradation of the four galactans. The carbohydrate metabolism‐related pathways of B. thetaiotaomicron A4 were enriched after feeding the four galactans, although the specific pathways were different among four galactans groups. The different structural characteristics of four galactans required that B. thetaiotaomicron A4 could excrete corresponding enzymes to degrade them. These results help to understand the interaction between galactans and gut microbe.
An evaluation of assumptions underlying respondent‐driven sampling and the social contexts of sexual and gender minority youth participating in HIV clinical trials in the United States
Authors: Wirtz Andrea L. , Iyer Jessica R. , Brooks Durryle , Hailey‐Fair Kimberly , Galai Noya , Beyrer Chris , Celentano David , Arrington‐Sanders Renata ,   PUSH Study Group
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionRespondent‐driven sampling (RDS) has been an effective sampling strategy for HIV research in many settings, but has had limited success among some youth in the United States. We evaluated a modified RDS approach for sampling Black and Latinx sexual and gender minority youth (BLSGMY) and explored how lived experiences and social contexts of BLSGMY youth may impact traditional RDS assumptions.MethodsRDS was implemented in three US cities, Baltimore, Philadelphia and Washington DC, to engage BLSGMY aged 15 to 24 years in HIV prevention or care intervention trials. RDS was modified to include targeted seed recruitment from venues, Internet and health clinics, and provided options for electronic or paper coupons. Qualitative interviews were conducted among a sub‐sample of RDS participants to explore their experiences with RDS. Interviews were coded using RDS assumptions as an analytic framework.ResultsBetween August 2017 and October 2019, 405 participants were enrolled, 1670 coupons were distributed, with 133 returned, yielding a 0.079 return rate. The maximum recruitment depth was four waves among seeds that propagated. Self‐reported median network size was 5 (IQR 2 to 10) and reduced to 3 (IQR 1 to 5) when asked how many peers were seen in the past 30 days. Qualitative interviews (n = 27) revealed that small social networks, peer trust and targeted referral of peers with certain characteristics challenged network, random recruitment, and reciprocity assumptions of RDS. HIV stigma and research hesitancy were barriers to participation and peer referral. Other situational factors, such as phone ownership and access to reliable transportation, reportedly created challenges for referred peers to participate in research.ConclusionsSmall social networks and varying relationships with peers among BLSGMY challenge assumptions that underlie traditional RDS. Modified RDS approaches, including those that incorporate social media, may support recruitment for community‐based research but may challenge assumptions of reciprocal relationships. Research hesitancy and situational barriers are relevant and must be addressed across any sampling method and study design that includes BLSGMY in the United States.
Organisational support and turnover intentions: A moderated mediation approach
Authors: Pahlevan Sharif Saeed , Bolt Ester Ellen Trees , Ahadzadeh Ashraf Sadat , Turner Jason James , Sharif Nia Hamid 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe current study aims to examine the moderating role of psychological ownership in the process that translates organisational support into nurses’ turnover intentions through job satisfaction.DesignA cross‐sectional research design was used to test the hypotheses.MethodUsing a purposive sampling 341 self‐completed survey data were collected from nurses working in two public hospitals in Iran. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data.ResultThe research revealed that organisational support and job satisfaction were negatively related to a healthcare professionals’ turnover intention. Moreover, job satisfaction mediated the negative relationship between organisational support and turnover intention. The research also revealed that psychological ownership strengthened the positive relationship between organisational support and job satisfaction.
Chemotaxonomy of Aster species from the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau based on metabolomics
Authors: Li Li , He Lili , Su Xueyan , Amu Hamamozhi , Li Jing , Zhang Zhifeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe genus Aster plants have been widely used for thousands of years in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau for the clearing of heat, detoxification, and the treatment of seasonal pandemic diseases. Although the presence of several flavonoid compounds in Aster has been reported by previous studies, the diversity of secondary metabolites within and among species is relatively unknown.ObjectiveThe metabolite profile of one Aster species was systematically compared with those of other taxa to find potential chemotaxonomic markers, delimit species, and assess chemodiversity.MethodSamples of the above‐ground parts of 11 Aster species were collected and their metabolites were analysed by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry. Unsupervised principal component analysis, supervised orthogonal partial least‐squares discriminant analysis, heatmap analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis were employed to analyse 95 representative samples from 11 Aster species and determine species‐specific chemical markers based on a metabolomics database.ResultsSix phenolic acids and flavonoids were detected and quantified in all Aster species, suggesting that these compounds may be common constituents in the Aster genus. Metabolite analysis showed terpenoid compounds to be potential chemical markers for interspecies differentiation. Ent‐kaurane‐type diterpenoid glycosides were the main class of compounds in all Aster species except for A. farreri, which mainly contained oleanane‐type pentacyclic triterpenoids. Diterpenoid glycosides were low‐content chemotaxonomic markers and were detected for the first time in Aster species from the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau.ConclusionChemotaxonomy and metabolomics were used to support the phylogenic relationships of the Aster genus.
Efficient homogeneously weighted dispersion control charts with an application to distillation process
Authors: Abbasi Saddam Akber , Nassar Sara Hussam , Aldosari Mashael Mohammed , Adeoti Olatunde A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMonitoring disturbances in process dispersion using control chart is mostly based on the assumption that the quality characteristic follows normal distribution, which is not the case in many real‐life situations. This paper proposes a set of new dispersion charts based on the homogeneously weighted moving average (HWMA) scheme, for efficient detection of shifts in process standard deviation (σ). These charts are based on a variety of σ estimators and are investigated for normal as well as heavy tailed symmetric and skewed distributions. The shift detection ability of the charts is evaluated using different run length characteristics, such as average run length (ARL), extra quadratic loss (EQL), and relative ARL measures. The performance of the proposed HWMA control charts is also compared with the existing EWMA dispersion charts, using different design parameters. Furthermore, an illustrative example is presented to monitor the vapor pressure in a distillation process.
Law of large numbers for Betti numbers of homogeneous and spatially independent random simplicial complexes
Authors: Kanazawa Shu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Linial–Meshulam complex model is a natural higher dimensional analog of the Erdős–Rényi graph model. In recent years, Linial and Peled established a limit theorem for Betti numbers of Linial–Meshulam complexes with an appropriate scaling of the underlying parameter. The present article aims to extend that result to more general random simplicial complex models. We introduce a class of homogeneous and spatially independent random simplicial complexes, including the Linial–Meshulam complex model and the random clique complex model as special cases, and we study the asymptotic behavior of their Betti numbers. Moreover, we obtain the convergence of the empirical spectral distributions of their Laplacians. A key element in the argument is the local weak convergence of simplicial complexes. Inspired by the work of Linial and Peled, we establish the local weak limit theorem for homogeneous and spatially independent random simplicial complexes.
The need for psychological, caregiver‐centered intervention in the time of COVID‐19
Authors: Ortelli Paola , Ferrazzoli Davide , Versace Viviana , Saltuari Leopold , Sebastianelli Luca 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe focus attention on problems that are affecting the informal caregivers of patients with neurodegenerative disorders in the time of COVID‐19. The pandemic is increasing difficulties in the management of the frailest people and their isolation is actually even more tangible than it was in the past. The social restrictions and the lockdown of many activities are putting the system of care provided by informal caregivers on the edge of collapse. We incite the scientific community to face these concerns and provide clinicians clear indications for assisting and supporting caregivers in the care of their relatives during this period. We suggest that e‐health programs could become the ideal “environment” to favor the continuity of care for patients with neurodegenerative conditions and guarantee the required support to their caregivers, both directly in terms of psychological management and indirectly for helping them in disease management.
SPOWTT: Improving the safety and productivity of offshore wind technician transit
Authors: Earle Fiona , Huddlestone Jonathan , Williams Terry , Stock‐Williams Clym , van der Mijle‐Meijer Harald , de Vries Linda , van Heemst Hans , Hoogerwerf Erwin , Koomen Lenard , de Ridder Erik‐Jan , Serraris Jorrit‐Jan , Struijk Gijs , Stormonth‐Darling Andrew , Cline Jon , Jenkins Mark , dos Santos Joana Godinho , Coates Ian , Corrie Andrew , Moore George 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper describes the SPOWTT project. The intention of this project was to understand how sailing by crew transfer vessel (CTVs) to offshore wind farms affects the mental and physical wellbeing of individuals on board. The focus was on quantifying this impact, understanding the key drivers, with an aim to ensuring personnel can arrive to the wind turbines in a fit state to work safely and effectively. Impacts looked at subjective state beyond simply vomiting. Key results include the ability now to predict vessel motions from given Metocean conditions and vessel designs. We also discovered that the impact of vessel motions on seasickness is different for different symptoms and is driven not only by vertical z‐axis accelerations but also by certain frequencies of motion in the y‐axis. Frequencies other than 0.16 Hz were found to be impactful, and x‐axis movements appeared to have a longer‐lasting effect on the day's work. Through the formulation of a new, evidence‐based understanding of seasickness, we have created an operational planning tool, designed to have a direct benefit on the safety and productivity of offshore wind farm operations.
Old yeasts, young beer—The industrial relevance of yeast chronological life span
Authors: Wauters Ruben , Britton Scott J. , Verstrepen Kevin J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMuch like other living organisms, yeast cells have a limited life span, in terms of both the maximal length of time a cell can stay alive (chronological life span) and the maximal number of cell divisions it can undergo (replicative life span). Over the past years, intensive research revealed that the life span of yeast depends on both the genetic background of the cells and environmental factors. Specifically, the presence of stress factors, reactive oxygen species, and the availability of nutrients profoundly impact life span, and signaling cascades involved in the response to these factors, including the target of rapamycin (TOR) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathways, play a central role. Interestingly, yeast life span also has direct implications for its use in industrial processes. In beer brewing, for example, the inoculation of finished beer with live yeast cells, a process called “bottle conditioning” helps improve the product's shelf life by clearing undesirable carbonyl compounds such as furfural and 2‐methylpropanal that cause staling. However, this effect depends on the reductive metabolism of living cells and is thus inherently limited by the cells' chronological life span. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying chronological life span in yeast. We also discuss how this insight connects to industrial observations and ultimately opens new routes towards superior industrial yeasts that can help improve a product's shelf life and thus contribute to a more sustainable industry.
Vector solitons for the (2 + 1)‐dimensional coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system in the Kerr nonlinear optical fiber
Authors: Sun Yan , Tian Bo , Qu Qi‐Xing , Chai Han‐Peng , Yuan Yu‐Qiang , Shan Wen‐Rui , Jiang Yan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInvestigated in this paper is the (2 + 1)‐dimensional coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system, which describes the propagation of the optical soliton through the Kerr nonlinear fiber in which each component diffracts in two transverse dimensions. By virtue of the Kadomtsev‐Petviashvili hierarchy reduction, we obtain the bright, dark and mixed vector soliton solutions in terms of the Gramian. We investigate the vector solitons graphically: (1) Bright‐dark one solitons with one of the components being gray or black are shown. Bouncing, beating, oscillating and breathing effects which appear during the interactions between the bright‐dark two solitons are discussed, and those interactions are shape‐preserving; (2) Degenerate and non‐degenerate dark‐dark one solitons are presented. Interaction of the dark‐dark two solitons is discussed and the two solitons keep their amplitudes and velocities invariant except for some phase shifts during the interaction; (3) Bound‐state and complexes of the bright‐bright solitons are presented.
Four point functions in CFT’s with slightly broken higher spin symmetry
Authors: Silva Joao A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We compute spinning four point functions in the quasi-fermionic three dimensional conformal field theory with slightly broken higher spin symmetry at finite t’Hooft coupling. More concretely, we obtain a formula for $$ \left\langle {j}_s{j}_{\tilde{0}}{j}_{\tilde{0}}{j}_{\tilde{0}}\right\rangle $$

j
s

j

0
˜

j

0
˜

j

0
˜

, where js is a higher spin current and $$ {j}_{\tilde{0}} $$

j

0
˜

is the scalar single trace operator. Our procedure consists in writing a plausible ansatz in Mellin space and using crossing, pseudo-conservation and Regge boundedness to fix all undetermined coefficients. Our method can potentially be generalised to compute all spinning four point functions in these theories.
Effect of acoustic excitation on fiber-reinforced polypropylene and the influence on melt viscosity
Authors: Heinrich Michael , Decker Ricardo , Reindel Paul , Böttcher Katja , Roth-Panke Isabelle , Kroll Lothar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe paper describes a novel technological approach to influencing the rheological properties of thermoplastic materials exposed to acoustic energy. The flow behavior of polypropylene with different mass percentages of glass fibers is investigated in a parallel plate rheometer under high-frequency longitudinal excitation. The influence of oscillation frequency on the melt viscosity is explained by means of shear thinning criteria. The dependence of the oscillation shape using sinusoidal excitation on shear thinning as a function of different fiber reinforcement percentages is also investigated. A phenomenological view describes the mutually influencing parameters with regard to different material compositions and different excitation frequencies over the time course of the rheometric measurement. Interacting relationships are analyzed and discussed and the potential of the actuator system to influence the plastic melt is worked out. Based on this, a technological approach follows which describes the transfer of an oscillating mold surface to plastics processing methods, which, especially in the case of energy-intensive injection molding technology, leads to the expectation of possible resource efficiency in energy and material.
Survey of water proton longitudinal relaxation in liver in vivo
Authors: Waterton John Charles 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective
To determine the variability, and preferred values, for normal liver longitudinal water proton relaxation rate R1 in the published literature.

Methods
Values of mean R1 and between-subject variance were obtained from literature searching. Weighted means were fitted to a heuristic and to a model.

Results
After exclusions, 116 publications (143 studies) remained, representing apparently normal liver in 3392 humans, 99 mice and 249 rats. Seventeen field strengths were included between 0.04 T and 9.4 T. Older studies tended to report higher between-subject coefficients of variation (CoV), but for studies published since 1992, the median between-subject CoV was 7.4%, and in half of those studies, measured R1 deviated from model by 8.0% or less.

Discussion
The within-study between-subject CoV incorporates repeatability error and true between-subject variation. Between-study variation also incorporates between-population variation, together with bias from interactions between methodology and physiology. While quantitative relaxometry ultimately requires validation with phantoms and analysis of propagation of errors, this survey allows investigators to compare their own R1 and variability values with the range of existing literature.
A Social-Ecological Approach to Understanding Adolescent Sexting Behavior
Authors: Hunter Simon C. , Russell Kirsten , Pagani Stefania , Munro Lindsey , Pimenta Sofia M. , Marín-López Inmaculada , Hong Jun Sung , Knifton Lee 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study examined the extent to which active and passive sexting behaviors are associated with family-, school-, peer-, and romantic-level variables. Young people (N = 3,322; 49.1% female, 48.3% male, 2.6% other) aged 11 to 15 years old (M = 12.84,SD = 0.89) took part, and all attended mainstream secondary schools in Scotland. Participants completed self-report measures of school connectedness, parental love and support, perceived susceptibility to peer- and romantic-pressure (e.g., to display behaviors just to impress others), and their involvement in active and passive sexting. The importance of both school- and family-level factors was evident, though perceived romantic-pressure had the largest effect. However, neither school- nor family-level variables were moderated by either perceived romantic-pressure or perceived peer-pressure. Efforts to reduce sexting or increase its safety should primarily seek to tackle young people’s ability to respond effectively to romantic-pressure. It may also be helpful to develop school connectedness and to help families provide support that is constructive and not intrusive.
Jacobi Ensemble, Hurwitz Numbers and Wilson Polynomials
Authors: Gisonni Massimo , Grava Tamara , Ruzza Giulio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe express the topological expansion of the Jacobi Unitary Ensemble in terms of triple monotone Hurwitz numbers. This completes the combinatorial interpretation of the topological expansion of the classical unitary invariant matrix ensembles. We also provide effective formulæ for generating functions of multipoint correlators of the Jacobi Unitary Ensemble in terms of Wilson polynomials, generalizing the known relations between one point correlators and Wilson polynomials.
Numerical investigation of injection parameters and piston bowl geometries on emission and thermal performance of DI diesel engine
Authors: Rizvi Ikhtedar Husain , Gupta Rajesh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTightening noose on engine emission norms compelled manufacturers globally to design engines with low emission specially NOx and soot without compromising their performance. Amongst various parameters, shape of piston bowls, injection pressure and nozzle diameter are known to have significant influence over the thermal performance and emission emanating from the engine. This paper investigates the combined effect of fuel injection parameters such as pressure at which fuel is injected and the injection nozzle size along with shape of piston bowl on engine emission and performance. Numerical simulation is carried out using one cylinder naturally aspirated diesel engine using AVL FIRE commercial code. Three geometries of piston bowls with different tumble and swirl characteristics are considered while maintaining the volume of piston bowl, compression ratio, engine speed and fuel injected mass constant along with equal number of variations for injection nozzle size and pressures for this analysis. The investigation corroborates that high swirl and large turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) are crucial for better combustion. TKE and equivalence ratio also increased as the injection pressure increases during the injection period, hence, enhances combustion and reduces soot formation. Increase in nozzle diameter produces higher TKE and equivalence ratio, while CO and soot emission are found to be decreasing and NOx formation to be increasing. Further, optimization is carried out for twenty-seven cases created by combining fuel injection parameters and piston bowl geometries. The case D2H1P1 (H1 = 0.2 mm, P1 = 200 bar) found to be an optimum case because of its lowest emission level with slightly better performance.