bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Order Inverse Radial Lens Distortion
Authors: Hamed Baidaa Khalifa , Hamad Rihab Khalifah , Hassonny Hussien Ali 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Lens distortion is one of the highest elements affecting camera calibration. In this paper, a new improved algorithm for calculating the inverse of the best radial distortion model is presented. The presented method provides a model of reverse radial distortion. The method involves lens of focal length (190mm) with a Sony G camera, and calibrating them using Zhang method which entails a chessboard pattern to be detected from several positions, and an exact formula to calculate the inverse radial distortion.
The results show that the highest order radial distortion is the better model to be reverse, it was shown that the 8th order radial distortion is the best model which contain a lowest value of distortion can be acquired after a number of iterations about 1.009842932 × 10-24, and this is the best value can be acquired without losing the accuracy, which produces low distortion performs as pincushion distortion. The new improved algorithm displays a good performance in obtaining least value for distortion coefficient.
The effect of reinforcing with fibers and nanomaterials on the electrical properties of composite materials
Authors: Fadel Dawood S. , Rajab Mustafa A. , Ali Amir Khalaf 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Technological development depends mainly on the progress of materials so that materials must be able to withstand service conditions. Accordingly, we always move towards composite materials, by combining two or more materials and often have different properties, so that the two materials work together to give unique composite properties. The aim of this study is to study the electrical properties represented by insulation and electrical conductivity of composite materials (including epoxy (95%) and phenol formaldehyde (5%)) supported by graphite nanoparticles and glass fibers.
Development the Regularization Computing Method for Solving Boundary Value Problem to Heat Equation in the Composite Materials
Authors: Al-Mahdawi H.K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the heat conduction equation for composite materials posed and solved. The inverse Boundary Value Problem (BVP) described and solved. By studying and solving the direct problem for the heat equation in composite materials, we can determine the function spaces and solve the inverse problem. The Sturm-Liouville method was used to solve this problem by reduce it to the integral equation for first kind. The Boundary value problem can be formulated as an integral first kind equations. The discretization algorithm applied to reformulated the problem as linear operator problem as matrix and vectors form. Then, Lavrentev regularization method used to find the approximation solution.
A study on the optical properties of the PMMA polymer doped with some semi metal dioxides nanoparticles
Authors: Jasim Khalid Mahdi , Ali Riyed Naje. , Al-Hamdani Ali H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This work on a compound polymer PMMA doped with some semi-metal oxides nanoparticles (SiO2, TiO2) NPs, intended to be utilized in corrective Contact Lenses. For this purpose the optical properties of the PMMA compound (PMMA+2%SiO2, PMMA+2%TiO2, and PMMA+1%SiO2+1%TiO2) NPs were measured and calculated to get the proper refractive indices and dispersion properties (Abbe number) for these compounds for optical design optimization.
Preparing Nano Material As Introduction To Network
Authors: Muslm Israa Falih 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Carbon nanotube technology has been used in many fields, and among the new applications of nanotechnology, the carbon nanotube is composed of ink, which is an ink that has been developed By Dr. Lee Jin Wong of the Korea Electrical Technology Research Institute. This technology is very sophisticated and can be applied This technology is applied to a variety of fields, including touch screens and foldable displays, although Dr. Lee may He chose the field of touch screens, due to the lack of technology for permanent coating of plastic surfaces and the development A carbon tube of ink marked the beginning of a new journey of incredible excellence in the field of nanotechnology That would be a huge technological revolution
Studying the effect of using a mixture (synthetic polymer: natural polymer) on the rheological properties of asphalt
Authors: Abass Mahmoud F. , Hamdoon Ammar A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The rheological modification of asphalt is currently the most important concern of workers in this field, whether a person is a chemist or a civil engineering worker. Several methods are used in rheological modulation processes. The rheological modification with polymeric materials is still the one that has taken the largest space in this field In this study, we dealt with the rheological modulation processes with polymeric mixtures. It used a mixture of materials that have proven effective in the field of rheological modulation and others that did not give the desired results. In this study, a mixture of a synthetic polymer, which is ethylpene vinyl acetate, and a natural polymer, which is wood, were used. Use this mixture with different weights of both polymers and for a total of 1 gram. The asphalt was treated with the above mixture with 1% by weight of sulfur at 180 ° C for a period of one hour The rheological properties of the modified samples were measured, which included measuring the ductility, penetration and softining point as well as calculating the penetration index coefficient and the percentage of the separated asphaltens.
After that, the best sample obtained from the above treatment was taken and several interactions were conducted on it in order to determine each of: The optimum percentage of sulfur, The optimum temperature for modification process, The optimal time to perform the rheological modification processes, The effect of the addition process sequences on the properties of the axis asphalt was also studied. After that, the best sample obtained from this study was taken and was measured (Marshal, chemical immersion and as well as studying the effect of aging on this sample). The study gives good results in the field of asphalt resistance to the deformation processes that were carried out on it.
Studying the effect of laser irradiation with different wavelength on absorbance of normal human blood
Authors: Mohammed Raneem , abd-aldaim Wajeha , Hassan Sadiq 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The optical effects of laser irradiation on whole human blood were studied. The normal blood samples were taken from healthy persons and the blood samples were exposed to laser beam. Three wavelengths of continuous wave (CW) for diode pumped solid state
lasers (DPSSL S) were used to irradiate the blood samples. The wavelengths are (632 nm, 532 nm,473nm and405 nm ) and output varied between ( 3.9, 50,20 and 4.5) mW respectively. The laser exposure time fixed between (5 and 10 ) min for each wavelength. Laser radiation has a great role in the absorption properties of the normal human blood after being compered with absorption spectrum of a non-irradiated sample.
Determination of the X-ray Scattering Cross Section and the imaginary part of the form factor of Nickel
Authors: Mazban Shifaa , Ali Mohsin Hasan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper x-ray mass attenuation coefficients of nickel were measured with precision between 0.2% and 0.5% for four characteristic wavelengths: copper and molybdenum K lines. The mass photoelectric absorption coefficients were determined by subtracting the calculated coherent and incoherent scattering from the total scattering and the values of measured attenuation coefficients. The values of the imaginary component of atomic scattering factor for x-ray in nickel were determined from the difference between the values of measured attenuation coefficients and theoretical calculations, it is shown that In the low energy at ω ≪ ωe, and the high energy at ω ≫ ωe, the imaginary component approximately is zero, and the electrons are so tightly bound to the atom. In the region ω ˜ ωe where the imaginary component of the scattering is dominate and the electron become highly absorbing. There was good agreement between the values of the imaginary component of atomic scattering factor has been found and the theoretical FFAST (Chantler, 1995) tabulated values..
Effect of Laser Parameters on the Characteristics and Stability of Ag NPs Produced by Laser Ablation in Stationary Conditions
Authors: Baneen M.H. , Baiee Raid M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The effect of laser ablation parameters on the size and stability of synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) by laser ablation in deionised water was investigated. The results showed that the selected laser parameters (laser pulse wavelength and laser fluence) and ablation of the target in a fixed beam position had a direct effect on the size and size distribution of Ag NPs. The stability of all Ag nanoparticle samples prepared in different laser parameters has been studied. All the samples of Ag NPs presented remarkable long-term stability up to two months.
Assessment of Water Quality for Tigris and Euphrates Water within Iraqi Borders
Authors: Mohammed Muhannad Kh. , Naji Mohammed Sh. , Ameen Nabeel H. , Karkosh Huda N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers represent the main sources of water in Iraq. The recent water crisis in the region has prompted the necessity of assessing the quality of the rivers water. Water quality from 33 locations along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers were investigated in November 2020, December 2020, January 2021, and February 2021 to test 3 water quality chemical parameters in the selected stations along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. These parameters are pH, TDS and EC. The variations of total dissolved solids (TDS) along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the survey period ranged from 100 to 5057 ppm, and the average value of TDS concentration was 862.3 ppm. For pH, the values measured during the survey period ranged from 6.4 to 7.6, with an average value of 7.2. The average electrical conductivity measured in Tigris and Euphrates Rivers during the survey period was 1717.6 μS, ranged from 230 to 9870 μS. The weighted arithmetic method was applied to compute the water quality index (WQI) for the overall sampling locations along the whole length of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers within the Iraqi borders. The results showed that the estimated water quality index (17.28) was within the “Excellent” range (< 50).
Characterization Studying Optical Fiber Chemical Sensor for Different Applications
Authors: Abdul-Jabbar Nisreen , Kadhim Shehab A. , Jabor Ashwak A. , Lateef Alaa Th. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, the optical fiber chemical sensor had been introduced based on the Fabry- Perot interferometer technique. Single-mode fibers were used with different diameters (125, 60, 50) μm. Chemical etching technology is used to reduce fiber diameters. Sensor heads were immersed in chlorophyll dye with different concentrations. The submitted sensor shows good sensitivity and linearity towards the variation in the chemical dye concentration. Both the peak wavelength and peak power were changes. The higher wavelength and power sensitivities were higher for the sensors with a smaller diameter. This technique could be very useful in medicine, drug pharmaceutical and food industries applications.
A simple, step-by-step approach for the preparation of MoO3@g-C3N4 nanocomposite
Authors: Mohammed Amina H. , Yousif Qahtan.A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present a simple step-by-step method for the preparation of MoO3@g-C3N4 nanocomposite. Several approaches were used to prepare and characterize the nanocomposite with a weight ratio of MoO3 (0.075). X-ray diffraction measurements have revealed The primary peaks of MoO3 at 13.14°, 23.74°, 26.07°, 27.71°, 29.98°, and 39.33° correspond to the iq (020), (110), (040), (120), (021), and (060) planes, and the g-C3N4 appearing at 27.49° and 12.94° corresponds to the (002) and (100) planes in the MoO3@g-C3N4 nanocomposite. The specific bands for the as-prepared nanocomposite were revealed by Fourier-transform infrared. With the H3 hysteresis loops, the BET isotherm and the BJH technique produced results compatible with Type IV. Furthermore, the results indicated the effective change in surface area, pore-volume, and pore diameter values were larger in the MoO3@g-C3N4 nanocomposite. Diffuse spectroscopy of reflection data revealed more information about the changes that occurred when MoO3 was loaded on the g-C3N4 layers to shift the spectrum to the red extent while decreasing the band gap to 2.63 eV. Furthermore, field emission electron spectroscopy has proven the synthesis of nanocomposite by a dramatic change in the morphological surface as well as a change in the composition of elements that have been demonstrated using the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy methodology. This discovery has improved the form and structure of the MoO3@g-C3N4 nanocomposite
Operational Metrics for an Offshore Wind Farm & Their Relation to Turbine Access Restrictions and Position in the Array
Authors: Anderson F , Dawid R , García Cava D , McMillan D 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study explores operations & maintenance requirements for offshore wind turbines. It does so by calculating performance, reliability and maintenance metrics from an operational database provided by a large offshore wind farm. Distributions of number of repairs and repair times per turbine are shared, as well as number of visits. A focus is placed on the effect of tidal access restrictions and position in the array by comparing clusters of turbines within the wind farm. It was found that tidal access restrictions lead to an increase in mean time to repair of 16%, and 0.22% decrease in technical availability. Turbines in the first few rows with reference to the prominent wind direction experience more minor failures on average, while those constantly operating in the wake of others are characterised by more major failures, and therefore a higher mean time to repair.
Offshore Wind: Employment and value creation of EPCI exports in Norway
Authors: Rocha Aponte F , Andersen T , Nørstebø V S , Uggen K T , Bjelle E L , Wiebe K S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the value creation potential and the employment effects for the offshore wind engineering, procurement, construction and installation (EPCI) sector in Norway up to 2030 considering multiple scenarios. We perform our analysis using a macro-econometric input-output model that allows to observe how changes in one sector affects the remaining sectors of the economy. To highlight the uncertain nature of some of the outlooks and industry inputs for an emerging sector, several scenarios will be investigated. By providing information about net employment and value creation effects per sector, policy makers can implement appropriate measures to maximize the potential posed by the offshore wind industry. Furthermore, measures can be taken to mitigate any potential negative effects that the energy transition can have.
Predictive Capability of WRF Cycling 3DVAR: LiDAR Assimilation at FINO1
Authors: Bakhoday-Paskyabi Mostafa , Flügge Martin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, we assess tentatively the predictive capability of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and its Three-Dimensional Variational (3DVAR) system. We study the impact of LiDAR data assimilation on predictions of wind speed and direction. The simulation domain covers the German wind energy research platform FINO1 in the Southern North Sea, at which the LiDAR data were recorded. The results demonstrate the significance of applying the LiDAR Data Assimilation (DA) with a short assimilation interval (1-hour) to improve the wind prediction and the temporal and spatial representation of low level jet events, compared with an experiment without DA. Furthermore, we briefly examine the impacts of data assimilation cycle length on predictive performance of the DA system, and spatial variability of wind speed over the study area at a height of 250 m.
Presentation and validation of a simulation environment for floating lidar systems
Authors: Bischoff O. , Wolken-Möhlmann G. , Cheng P. W. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In recent years, floating lidar systems (FLS) have developed into a fully-fledged and accepted measuring instrument for determining and surveying wind conditions in the offshore sector. FLS are currently primarily used for wind resource assessment purposes before the construction phase of an offshore wind farm. That is why a precise knowledge of the measurement accuracy or uncertainty of the FLS for different wind and wave conditions is very important. The lack of knowledge could be mitigated with a simulation tool for FLS of different types and for variable wind and wave conditions. Within this paper we present an approach for such a simulation framework for FLS and the process for validating this simulation environment using data from an offshore measurement campaign. The data used for the validation include data from one FLS and two reference measurement systems (measuring mast and fixed lidar).
Experimental study on the effect of second order wavemaker theory on the response of a flexible large diameter monopile in irregular sea
Authors: Dadmarzi F H , Tonnel M , Thys M , Bachynski-Polić E E , Kristiansen T 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Motivated by the need for larger offshore wind turbines, large diameter monopile foundations are being developed. To ensure safe design, there is a need for model testing and validation of hydrodynamic load models. Scaled model tests with a piston-type wavemaker commonly apply first order wavemaker theory for irregular waves. This approach results in the generation of second (and higher) order spurious (also known as parasitic) free waves in the tank. In this study, the effect of superharmonic spurious waves on the response of a monopile with eigenfrequency close to three times the wave peak frequency is examined experimentally. The bending moment response statistics are not found to be significantly affected by the wavemaker correction. Different wave breaking patterns are observed for individual events, but our results do not indicate any clear relation between breaking waves and the wave generation technique.
Wind farm set point optimization with surrogate models for load and power output targets
Authors: Dimitrov Nikolay , Natarajan Anand 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study presents a methodology for wind farm set point optimization, which allows including both loads and power output as optimization criteria. The primary control strategy investigated involves de-rating of individual turbines in the wind farm. The optimal de-rating level of each individual turbine is determined by using accurate and computationally efficient surrogate models, mapping the dependency between the choice of de-rating strategy for a given turbine and the load and power outputs of downwind turbines. A case study based on the Lillgrund offshore wind farm shows that for specific wind directions with strong wake interactions, it may be possible to achieve a net gain in power output in the order of 5% at specific mean wind speeds. Alternatively, maintaining nominal power output but optimizing the load distribution could lead to substantial fatigue load reductions.
Estimation of Wear and Lifetime for an Improved Turbine Operation
Authors: Durstewitz M , Rehwald F , Wick W 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Design, construction and certification of wind turbines (WT) generally target a lifetime of at least twenty years. Depending on the specified design criteria in comparison with the’real’ conditions on site lifetime may fall below or pass over the design lifetime targets. After installation and during operation WT continuously suffer from incremental damage due to loads, fatigue and the continuous exposure to the physical environment and operating conditions. The initially inherent wear reserve of the WT or its components permanently decreases until it finally reaches predefined safety margins or the occurrence of premature component failure. The objective of the work is to identify quantifiable wear-out metrics and to deduce information on lifetime issues in order to optimise WT operation. The method divides into a simplified approach explaining the general concept and its implementation and adaption from design to in-situ conditions. Furthermore, the methodology is transferred to a component-specific level, namely generator windings, in order to evaluate the general suitability for non-mechanical load exposures. Finally, economic issues including an economic optimisation strategy considering previously calculated wear-out figures complete the work.
Comparing the Aerodynamic Performance of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines with Optimised and Linearised Blades
Authors: Fenech E. , Sant T. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Wind turbine blade designs that are aerodynamically optimised for maximum efficiency are known to have a large chord and twist at the inboard sections. Manufacturers have adopted simpler blade designs having a linear chord distribution at the inboard regions. While this has a small effect on the efficiency loss of wind turbines with fixed foundations, the effect of such blade linearization on the aerodynamic performance of floating wind turbines has not been sufficiently dealt with in open literature. This study applies a free-wake vortex model to compare the power and thrust characteristics of floating wind turbines having linearized blades with those having optimised blades. Three- and two-bladed rotors are assumed for different platform surge motions that are representative of different metocean conditions. The study showed that the loss in efficiency through blade linearization is small and similar in magnitude to that encountered in fixed rotors.
Wind resource assessment uncertainty for a TLP-based met mast
Authors: Foussekis D. , Mouzakis F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The current work presents wind resource assessment results of a complete one-year offshore measurement campaign in the Aegean Sea, at 65 m deep waters, with a floating tension leg platform (TLP) equipped with a met mast reaching the height of 44 m above mean sea level (AMSL). Wind conditions uncertainty is evaluated according to the existing standards and guidelines and the additional uncertainty, due to the platform motion, is addressed with two different methods: First by performing wind tunnel experiments, in which the wind sensors are submitted to various controlled motions and second by comparing results of the onboard lidar to a nearby onshore one. Both methods converge that the motion effects are minimal and the additional uncertainty of the mean values due to the TLP motion is ≤1%.
Limiting Wave Conditions for the Safe Maintenance of Floating Wind Turbines
Authors: Jenkins Brian , Prothero Arran , Collu Maurizio , Carroll James , McMillan David , McDonald Alasdair 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the limiting wave conditions at which a wind turbine technician can complete maintenance activities safely and effectively on a 15MW floating offshore wind turbine. Through linear, frequency-domain statistical analysis of floating turbine motion and applying acceptable motion limits for technician working, significant wave height and peak wave period limits are investigated. It was found that over the range of wave conditions considered, the turbine nacelle motion did not exceed the motion limits for technician working considered in this analysis. Further analysis found that the turbine nacelle motion increased with increasing significant wave height and was also significantly influenced by peak wave period. The impact of differing wave characteristics is also investigated through the use of different wave energy spectra and also found to have an impact on turbine nacelle motion.