Abstract PO-039: Antiproliferative activity of inhibitors of RAD51, singly and in combination with chemotherapy drugs, against pancreatic cancer cell lines
Authors: Ferguson Peter , Vincent Mark D. , Najajreh Yousef , Shilton Brian , Ritter Stephen , Al-awar Rima , Marcellus Richard , Mohammed Mohammed , Isaac Methvin , Koropatnnick James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Despite the innovations in chemotherapeutic treatment of pancreatic cancer, the generally poor outcome of this disease begs the search for novel targets. RAD51 is a critical component of homologous recombination DNA repair, binding with BRCA2 and forming polymeric filaments essential for its function. RAD51 is often elevated in cancer cells compared to normal cells, particularly in pancreatic cancer: RAD51 is a negative prognostic biomarker and promotes tumor cell proliferation in that disease (Cancer Cell Int 19: 356, 2019; doi: 10.1186/s12935-019-1077-6). Therefore, RAD51 is an attractive target for anticancer treatment in that its elevated level and activity in tumor cells provide a potential level of selectivity for such an agent, increasing the therapeutic index. We demonstrated previously that novel inhibitors of RAD51, IBR2 [2-(Benzylsulfonyl)-1-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1,2-dihydroisoquinoline] and IBR120 (an isoindolinyl derivative of IBR2) (Eur J Med Chem. 96:196-208, 2015; doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.021), not only inhibited proliferation of a range of tumor cell lines at micromolar concentrations but also acted in combination with commonly used cytotoxic chemotherapy and molecularly targeted drugs to synergistically inhibit proliferation (J Pharmacol Expt Ther, 364: 46-54, 2018; doi.org/10.1124/jpet.117.241661). To improve ADME properties, enhance activity, and increase potential to selectively target RAD51, advanced computational tools and rational approaches were employed to predict possible modification to the IBR chemical backbone. This effort resulted in discovery of the compound JKYN-1. As a model system in which to test the activity of JKYN-1 in vitro, human pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1, Capan-1 and Capan-2 were used. All lines have mutant K-Ras and p53, and Capan-1 has mutant BRCA2 (https://www.cancer.gov/research/key-initiatives/ras; https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus). JKYN-1 or its water-soluble methylsulfonate salt (JKYN-1-mesylate) inhibit proliferation of PANC-1 cells approximately 5 times more effectively than IBR120 and inhibit Capan-1 and Capan-2 cells even better. Against PANC-1, JKYN-1-mesylate inhibits proliferation synergistically in combination with afatinib (inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor) or with IBR120, and is additive with gemcitabine. Biochemical characterization of the interaction between RAD51 and these inhibitors demonstrated the following: (1) IBR2 and IBR120 promote disassembly of RAD51 multimers in an ex vivo native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assay using clonal constructs of RAD51, and (2) JKYN-1 binds to RAD51 with higher affinity than IBR120 and B02, a commercially available RAD51 inhibitor, in a surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy assay. Therefore, JKYN-1 is a potential novel small molecule therapeutic agent for treatment of pancreatic cancer, both as a single agent and in combination with standard chemotherapy drugs.
Citation Format: Peter Ferguson, Mark D. Vincent, Yousef Najajreh, Brian Shilton, Stephen Ritter, Rima Al-awar, Richard Marcellus, Mohammed Mohammed, Methvin Isaac, James Koropatnnick. Antiproliferative activity of inhibitors of RAD51, singly and in combination with chemotherapy drugs, against pancreatic cancer cell lines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2021 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-039.