bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimum Performance-Based Design Of Unsymmetrical 2D Steel Moment Frame
Authors: Samani Arezoo Asaad , Vaez Seyed Rohollah Hoseini , Fathali Mohammad Ali 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The most commonly used analysis method in performance-based design (PBD) is the nonlinear static analysis (NSA). In unsymmetrical 2D frames, unlike its symmetrical state, NSA should be performed in two lateral loading directions, which complicates the process of achieving a feasible optimal design in addition to increasing the volume of calculations. In this study, a two-step approach is proposed for the design of unsymmetrical 2D steel moment-resisting frames (SMRF). In this approach, in two independent steps, the structure is analyzed with lateral loading pattern based on the first mode shape in positive and negative direction, respectively. The implementation of the second step is conditional on the satisfactory completion of the first step. The objective function takes into account the differences between successful and unsuccessful steps. The constraints considered are based on the acceptance criteria for SMRFs according to FEMA-356 at each performance level. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been investigated by employing four meta-heuristic optimization algorithms to determine the optimum design for case studies of SMRF structures having three and nine stories.
Comparison of corneal optical quality after SMILE, wavefront-optimized LASIK and topography-guided LASIK for myopia and myopic astigmatism
Authors: Zhang Yu , Sun Xiaoxiao , Chen Yueguo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To compare visual outcomes and corneal optical quality after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) , wavefront-optimized (WFO) FS-LASIK and topography-guided customized ablation treat­ment (TCAT) FS-LASIK for myopia. Methods: This prospective study included 283 eyes of 283 myopic patients who underwent SMILE or FS-LASIK according to the patient's wishes. FS-LASIK patients were randomly assigned to use WFO or TCAT ablation. There were 102 eyes, 100 eyes and 81eyes in the SMILE group, WFO group and TCAT group, respectively. The combined corneal topographer and tomographer system (Sirius) was used to measure corneal aberrations and optical quality. Visual outcomes and corneal aberrations were compared among the three groups.Results: At postoperative 1 and 6 months, there were no significant differences in uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) among the three groups (P > .05). Postoperative manifest refractive spherical equivalent was similar among the groups (P > .05). There was statisti­cally significant difference in cylinder at 1 month among the three groups, with the highest mean value in TCAT group (P < .05). The corneal optical path difference (OPD), root mean square of corneal astigmatism and strehl ratio (SR) were the most superior in the TCAT group at postoperative 1 and 6 months (P < .05).Conclusion: SMILE, WFO FS-LASIK and TCAT FS-LASIK provided similar visual results. TCAT FS-LASIK could induce fewer corneal OPD and astigmatism, and higher SR than the others. However, a better algorithm for TCAT FS-LASIK is needed to decrease postoperative residual astigmatism.
Bridging Epidemiology and System Dynamics Modeling to Better Understand HCV Risk Among Young People Who Inject Drugs.
Authors: Mateu-Gelabert Pedro , Sabounchi Nasim , Guarino Honoria , Ciervo Courtney , Joseph Kellie , Eckhardt Benjamin , Fong Chunki , Huang Terry T.K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Injection drug use is the leading risk factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in the US. Despite the knowledge of the risk factors for HCV among people who inject drugs (PWID), there is a need to better understand how these multiple factors interact and impact young PWID.MethodsData originated from a study of 539 New York City (NYC) residents ages 18-29 recruited via Respondent-Driven Sampling, who reported past-month nonmedical use of prescription opioids and/or heroin. Analyses are based on a subsample of 337 (62%) who reported injecting any drug 12 months prior to the interview. All variables were assessed via self-report, except HCV status, which was established via rapid antibody testing. Building on the statistical associations found we developed a qualitative system dynamics (SD) model to integrate into a single framework key risk and preventive factors for HCV.ResultsHCV antibody prevalence is 31% with an overall incidence of 10 per 100 person-years. HCV status was independently correlated with sharing cookers with two or more people (AOR=2.17); injecting drugs 4-6 years (AOR=2.49) and 7 or more (AOR=4.95); lifetime homelessness (AOR=2.52); and being incarcerated two or more times (AOR=1.99). The SD model facilitates identifying non-linearities and feedback loop structures not included in the statistical model and high leverage points such as harm reduction and HCV treatment that could ameliorate the spread of HCV.ConclusionsThe results may indicate an overall positive impact of harm reduction efforts in reducing HCV prevalence among young PWID in NYC while injection risks and structural factors remain areas of key concern. An SD approach contributes to a better understanding of how these risk factors interact and what policies could be effective in reducing HCV infections.
Gross Motor Function In Children With Congenital Zika Syndrome From Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Carla Trevisan Martins , Hamanaka Tatiana , Pone Sheila , Aibe Mitsue Senra , Gomes Saint Clair , Nielsen-Saines Karin , Brickley Elizabeth B. , Moreira Maria Elisabeth , Pone Marcos 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
AIM: To assess gross motor function in children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS).METHOD: This was a cross-sectional investigation nested within a prospective cohort study of children with CZS (NCT03255369) based in a Brazilian referral hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Between March/17 and February/18, we performed gross motor function assessments using the Gross Motor Function Classification (GMFCS) and the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), estimated the mean and standard deviation of GMFM scores among GMFCS groups.RESULTS: The study sample included 72 children, with a median age of 13 months (7–25). Of these, 63 (87.5%) had severe motor impairment (GMFCS IV and V), 3 (4%) had moderate impairment (GMFCS III), and 6 (8%) had mild impairment (GMFCS I and II). The mean GMFM score for each group was respectively 11.6, 26.1 and 81.6, with statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). Severely affected children only achieved head control in the sitting posture when supported. Children with ￼milder forms were able to develop walking skills.INTERPRETATION: Most children with CZS have major motor disabilities and a poor prognosis. Better understanding of limitations and functionality in children with CZS can serve as a prognostic guide in their management.
The Efficiency of CO2 Market in the Phase III EU ETS: Analyzing in the Context of a Dynamic Approach
Authors: Ghazani Majid Mirzaee , Jafari Mohammad Ali 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study has investigated the changing efficiency for the phase III EU ETS CO2 market using the daily historical data of allowance futures prices and coverage from August 2015 to June 2019. To achieve this goal, we have applied two alternative tests for checking dependency by linear and nonlinear methods, which include Generalized Spectral (GS) and Automatic Portmanteau (AQ). Also, we had a comprehensive look at the carbon market evolution and the EU ETS scheme development over time. The analysis of observed results validates the Adaptive Market Hypothesis (AMH) in the market, which corresponds with the oscillatory behavior of the applied test statistics' p-values. The other aspect of the study was to analyze the existence of evolutionary behavior on the market. To reach this purpose, we checked the results by applying a rolling window technique with four different time windows (50, 100, 150, and 250 days) on the test statistics in harmony with the adaptive market hypothesis. The obtained results show that overall, market efficiency has been improved by moving toward implementing the higher window lengths.
Overexpression of a novel microRNA IamiR-4-3p from water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) increased Cd toxicity and accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Shen Chuang , Huang Ying-Ying , Xin Jun-Liang , He Chun-Tao , Yang Zhongyi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The function of IamiR-4-3p was investigated by using wild type (WT), transfected with empty vector pCambia1302 (CK) and IamiR-4-3p transgenic Arabidopsis in this study. The expression level of GST3 was reduced by 20% in the transgenic Arabidopsis (p35S::miR-4-3p Arabidopsis) when compared to WT, and both of its shoot and root were shorter than WT and CK. After 3 d Cd treatment, root Cd concentrations of p35S::miR-4-3p Arabidopsis was significantly higher than WT and CK, while no significant difference was found in shoot Cd concentrations. MDA and H2O2 concentrations were positively correlated with the Cd concentrations in Arabidopsis. Interestingly, even though there was no significant difference among the shoot Cd concentrations, shoot MDA and H2O2 of p35S::miR-4-3p Arabidopsis were higher than those of WT and CK, and shoot T-AOC exhibited a opposite trend. These results are clearly related to the lowered expression of GST3 by the overexpression of miR-4-3p in p35S::miR-4-3p Arabidopsis. It is suggested that the function of IamiR-4-3p is able to diminish the expression level of GST3, and is responsible to the growth dwarf, higher Cd uptake and oxidative damage but not the Cd translocation from root to shoot in Arabidopsis.
Inflammasome Regulation at the Level of Cellular and Molecular Function affect by Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Exosomes Treatment in Ischemic Stroke Animal Model
Authors: Safakhil Mohsen , Ramezani Mina , Mohamadgholi Azadeh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the current research, neuroprotection and performance improvement have been investigated in MCAO animal model treated with exosomes combined with rt-PA. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in 25 adult male Wistar rats. Rats received rt-PA with a dose of 100 µg/kg in a single dose or drived-exosome from bone marrow MSCs. The Garcia scoring system and elevated body test were employed as behavioral tests for the functional recovery assessment. Cresyl violet staining was applied to evaluate the cell death degree in brain tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed for the detection of GFAP and IBA1-positive cells. Results Cresyl violet staining revealed that the population of dark cells was significantly reduced in all treatment groups. A considerable increase (P ≤ 0.05) in catalase enzyme was observed in the combination therapy group compared whit the MCAO group (P ≤ 0.05). The amount of GPX despite the increase in all treatment groups compared to MCAO group was not statistically significant (P ≥ 0.05). Our conclusion was approved by the Nlrp1 and Nlrp3 downregulation during combination therapy in MCAO model by reduction in cell death rate. The Density of GFAP-positive cells Showed a decrease in the exosome with or without rt-PA experimental groups in comparison with the MCAO group (P < 0.05). Our observation indicated that exosomes, in combination with rt-PA, resulted in the noticeable functional recovery, neuronal regeneration, and reduction of neuronal cell death after a 7-day period of the MCAO induction. This novel therapeutic strategy could provide a better treatment option for those patients suffered from stroke.
Novel Functionalized Cellulose Derivatives Fabricated with Cu Nanoparticle: Synthesis, Characterization and Degradation of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Lughmani Faiza , Nazir Farzana , Khan Shahid Ali , Iqbal Mudassir 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was modified to oxidized cellulose (OC), 6-deoxycellulose hydrazide and 6-deoxycellulose(N,N-diethyl)amine (MCC-Hyd and MCC-DEM) derivatives and employed as supporting material for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles (NPs). Copper ions from aqueous solution were adsorbed and then reduced to zero valent copper (ZVC) NPs using sodium borohydride on films of prepared derivatives. The characterization of prepared derivatives and Cu NPs embedded films was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Ultraviolet/Visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy was performed for the degradation studies of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and various azo dyes viz. Congo Red (CR), Methylene Blue (MB), and Methyl orange (MO). Results revealed that all the films showed degradation only in the presence of ZVC NPs. Oxidized cellulose, MCC-Hyd and MCC-DEM showed excellent degradation efficiencies (> 85%) in all the cases. Our findings revealed that MCC derivatives could be efficient and renewable candidates for removal of water pollutants in future.
Short-Lived Species Move Uphill Faster Under Climate Change
Authors: Couet Joséphine , Marjakangas Emma-Liina , Santangeli Andrea , Kålås John Atle , Lindström Åke , Lehikoinen Aleksi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Climate change is pushing species ranges towards poles and mountain tops. Although many studies have documented local altitudinal shifts, knowledge of general patterns at a large spatial scale, such as a whole mountain range, is very limited. From a conservation perspective, studying altitudinal shifts is particularly important as mountain regions often represent biodiversity hotspots and are among the most vulnerable ecosystems. Here, we examine whether altitudinal shifts have occurred among birds in the Scandinavian mountains over 13 years and assess whether such shifts are related to species’ traits. Using abundance data, we show a clear pattern of uphill shifts in the mean altitudes of the bird species’ abundances across the Scandinavian mountains, with an average speed of 0.9 m per year. Out of 77 species, 54 shifted their ranges uphill. In general, the range shift was faster when the altitudinal range within the area was wider. Importantly, the altitudinal shift was strongly related to species’ longevity: short-lived species showed more pronounced altitudinal uphill shifts than long-lived species. Our results show that the altitudinal range shifts are not only driven by a small number of individuals at the range boundaries, but the overall bird abundances are on the move. This highlights the wide-ranging impact of climate change and the potential vulnerability of species with slow life-histories, as they appear unable to timely respond to rapidly changing climatic conditions.
Explainable Machine Learning Prediction for Mortality of COVID-19 in the Colombian Population
Authors: Morales Gabriel Ricardo Vásquez , Monterrubio Sergio Mauricio Martínez , García Juan Antonio Recio , Ger Pablo Moreno 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in late 2019, has become a global public health problem, resulting in large numbers of people infected and dead. One of the greatest challenges in dealing with the disease is to identify those people who are most at risk of becoming infected, seriously ill and dying from the virus, so that they can be isolated in a targeted manner and thus reduce mortality rates. This article proposes the use of machine learning, and specifically of neural networks and random forest to build two complementary models that identify the probability that a person has of dying because of COVID-19. The models are trained with the demographic information and medical history of two population groups: on the one hand, 43,000 people who died from COVID-19 in Colombia during 2020, and on the other hand, a random sample of 43,000 people who became ill with COVID-19 during the same period of time, but later recovered. After training the neural network classification model, evaluation metrics were applied that yielded an 88% accuracy value. However, transparency is a major requirement for the explicability of COVID-19 prognosis. Therefore, a complementary random forest model is trained that allows the identification of the most significant predictors of mortality by COVID-19.
Straw Checkerboard Barriers Improve Soil Characteristic and Growth Performance of Winter Cover Crops and Protect Sloping Land
Authors: Dehkordi Elahe Ahmadpoor , Surki Ali Abbasi , Pajouhesh Mehdi , Tahmasebi Pejman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aims Straw checkerboard barrier technology, as a sustainable and environment-friendly method, is intended for erosion control, plant recovery at endangered areas. Finding how soil chemical properties and water status alters and how pilot cover plants respond are vital for extra management actions. Methods In order to study soil characteristic and growth performance of winter cover crops, an experiment was carried out in 2018. Checkerboards were setup in a 1×1 m pattern with rice residues. Seeds of Onobrychis sativa, Secale montanum and Agropyron sp were sown at the checkerboards and bare ground as the control. Detailed analyses were carried out on the physiological responses and the related soil properties during the growing season in borders and centers of the straw checkerboards and bare ground. Results Soil covered with straw checkerboard barriers was more effective for improving vegetation growth, established taller plants with higher biomass. Based on the physiological analyses, the rye grown in a straw checkerboard coped well with dry conditions. Higher proline content and more efficient osmotic adjustment indicate improvements of soil water retention status, which may alleviate drought stress damages and improve cover crop performance in straw checkerboard plots. Photosynthetic pigments also showed higher contents in these conditions for rye. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium and water storage increased in checkerboards too; however, such effects vary with the crop type. Conclusions This technique could be deemed as an effective management strategy in semi-arid areas and an important method for conserving natural resources and sustaining productivity.
Low-Carbon Alcohol Fuels for Decarbonizing the Road Transportation Industry: A Bibliometric Analysis 2000-2021
Authors: Jin Chao , Ampah Jeffrey Dankwa , Afrane Sandylove , Yin Zenghui , Liu Xin , Sun Tianyun , Geng Zhenlong , Ikram Mubasher , Liu Haifeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Environmental pollution and depletion of resources from the combustion of fossil fuels have necessitated the need for biofuels in recent years. Oxygenated fuels such as low carbon alcohols have received significant attention from the scientific community in the last two decades as a strategy to decarbonize the transport sector. However, a documentation of the progress, paradigm, and trend of this research area on a global scale is currently limited. In the current study, the bibliometric analysis is adopted to analyze the global transition of automotive fuels from conventional oils to low carbon alcohols in the 21st century. A dataset of 2250 publications was extracted from the Web of Science Core database and analyzed with CiteSpace, Biblioshiny, and Bibexcel. Interest in methanol and ethanol combustion research as transportation fuels is increasing, with a 70% estimated growth by the end of the next decade compared to current levels. China, India, and USA have been the major players in the research field, with Tianjin University being the most influential institution. Research has primarily centered on the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of ethanol fuel. Alternative fuels to compete actively with low carbon fuel in the near foreseeable future are green hydrogen and biodiesel. Advanced combustion technologies and artificial intelligence are sure to increase in this research area in the coming decades.
Augmentation of Freshwater Productivity in a Single Slope Solar Still Using Ball Marbles
Authors: Suraparaju Subbarama Kousik , Ramasamy Dhivagar , NATARAJAN SENDHIL KUMAR 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the current research, the energy and economic performance in single slope solar still using ball marbles (BMSS) has been investigated and compared the results with conventional solar still (CSS) under the similar weather conditions of Karaikal (10.92°N,79.83°E), India during October 2020. The experiments have been conducted on both sunny and cloudy day to evaluate the performance of solar still. The BMSS has increased the evaporation rate and productivity when compared to CSS due to the sensible heat energy stored by the ball marbles in the absorber basin. The potable water yield of the BMSS is improved by 21.23% and 22.86%, respectively during sunny and cloudy days. The maximum cumulative productivity obtained in the BMSS is 2950 ml/m2. day and 2150 ml/m2. day respectively on sunny and cloudy days. In economic analysis, the payback period (PBP) of the BMSS is 5.7 months whereas the PBP of the CSS is 6.5 months respectively. Furthermore, the cost per litre (CPL) potable water produced by BMSS is 8% lower than the CPL of CSS.
The burden of anemia in pregnancy among women attending antenatal clinic in Mkuranga district, Tanzania
Authors: Ngimbudzi Evelyine B , Massawe Siriel Nanzia , Sunguya Bruno F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The burden of anemia in pregnancy is of global health importance. Tanzania is no exception. It varies from one region to another owing to the differences in causes, but overall causing a significant burden of maternal mortality. This study sought to assess the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) at Mkuranga district in Pwani region of TanzaniaMethods: This cross-sectional study design was conducted among 418 pregnant women aged 15-49 years attending the Mkuranga district hospital and Kilimahewa health centre. The outcome variable of interest was anemia in pregnancy defined as haemoglobin concentration of 13g/dl. Data was collected using face to face interviews with a standardized pretested questionnaire, and through blood samples collected for haemoglobin testing. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the prevalence of anemia while multiple logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with anemia in pregnancy. Results: Anemia was prevalent among 83.5% of pregnant women attending the two major antenatal clinics in Mkuranga district were anemic. Of them, 29% presented with mild anemia, while 62% had moderate anemia, and 0.09% succumbed to severe anemia. Factors associated with anemia included being in the third trimester [AOR=2.87, p=0.026]; not consuming vegetables (AOR=2.62, p=0.008), meat (AOR=2.71, p=0.003), eggs (AOR=2.98, p=0.002), and fish (AOR=2.38, p=0.005). Conclusion: More than eight in ten pregnant women attending ANC in Mkuranga districts were anemic. Such unprecedented burden of anemia is associated with a number of factors including feeding practices such as not consuming iron-rich foods like vegetables, meat, eggs, and fish. Women in their third trimester were also more likely to suffer from anemia. This unprecedented burden of anemia in pregnancy can be addressed if efforts to improve feeding practices and early monitoring at the antenatal clinics are sustained.