bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimising postoperative discharge plans for patients undergoing surgical treatment for gastric cancer: a literature review
Authors: Chaparro-Diaz Lorena , Rojas Maria Zoraida , Carreño-Moreno Sonia Patricia 
Published: February 2021

Background: Gastric (stomach) cancer is common, difficult to detect and has a high mortality rate. Many gastric cancers are treatable with invasive gastrointestinal surgery, including total or partial gastrectomy. These patients face many postoperative challenges, including pain, nausea and nutritional difficulties, as well as consequent anxiety and socio-economic challenges. Some healthcare institutions have implemented discharge plans as a cost-effective strategy to improve postoperative care. Aim: This systematic literature review aimed to identify essential elements to incorporate in the design and implementation of discharge plans for post-surgical gastric cancer patients. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed on the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Studies, Elsevier Scopus and the library database of the National University of Colombia. These articles were assessed for relevance and underwent thematic analysis. Findings: The search returned nine relevant articles in English and Spanish. They suggested that discharge plans should start from first contact with a nurse and integrate the patient and their family and carers into the process of home self-care and recovery. These plans should also guide nurses to provide ongoing patient education, nutritional interventions and psychosocial support, as well as prevention of thromboembolism and assistance with symptom management and coming to terms with a new life situation. Conclusions: Discharge plans reduce the negative impact of the disease and invasive procedures on patients, families and health systems, reducing unplanned hospitalisation and readmission. There is a need to develop and test supportive care programmes that are designed to meet the needs of patients and focus on improving patients' quality of life after this life-changing surgery.
Quasi-coherent noise-like pulses in a mode-locked fiber laser with a 3D rotatable polarization beam splitter
Authors: Zhou Renlai , Li Qian , Fu H. Y. , Nakkeeran K. 
Published: February 2021

For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we experimentally observed a novel quasi-coherent noise-like pulse (NLP) in a simplified nonlinear polarization evolution mode-locking fiber laser when appropriate polarization was maintained for the lasing light through a three-dimensional rotatable polarization beam splitter inside the cavity. The degree of first-order coherence was evaluated after an interferogram measurement. The evolution of the measured shot-to-shot spectrum revealed that the NLPs possess quasi-coherence. Self-starting ultrafast soliton pulses switching to quasi-coherent NLPs at higher pump power levels were due to the preservation of the soliton features, mainly the Kelly sidebands in the spectrum. Quasi-coherent NLPs with average power of 56.58 mW and 10.4% slope efficiency were achieved with single pulse energy of 3.22 nJ.
Insular functional organization during handgrip in females and males with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Pal Amrita , Ogren Jennifer A. , Aysola Ravi S. , Kumar Rajesh , Henderson Luke A. , Harper Ronald M. , Macey Paul M. 
Published: February 2021

Study objectivesBrain regulation of autonomic function in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is disrupted in a sex-specific manner, including in the insula, which may contribute to several comorbidities. The insular gyri have anatomically distinct functions with respect to autonomic nervous system regulation; yet, OSA exerts little effect on the organization of insular gyral responses to sympathetic components of an autonomic challenge, the Valsalva. We further assessed neural responses of insular gyri in people with OSA to a static handgrip task, which principally involves parasympathetic withdrawal.MethodsWe measured insular function with blood oxygen level dependent functional MRI. We studied 48 newly-diagnosed OSA (age mean±std:46.5±9 years; AHI±std:32.6±21.1 events/hour; 36 male) and 63 healthy (47.2±8.8 years;40 male) participants. Subjects performed four 16s handgrips (1 min intervals, 80% subjective maximum strength) during scanning. fMRI time trends from five insular gyri—anterior short (ASG); mid short (MSG); posterior short (PSG); anterior long (ALG); and posterior long (PLG)—were assessed for within-group responses and between-group differences with repeated measures ANOVA (p<0.05) in combined and separate female-male models; age and resting heart-rate (HR) influences were also assessed.ResultsFemales showed greater right anterior dominance at the ASG, but no differences emerged between OSA and controls in relation to functional organization of the insula in response to handgrip. Males showed greater left anterior dominance at the ASG, but there were also no differences between OSA and controls. The males showed a group difference between OSA and controls only in the ALG. OSA males had lower left activation at the ALG compared to control males. Responses were mostly influenced by HR and age; however, age did not impact the response for right anterior dominance in females.ConclusionsInsular gyri functional responses to handgrip differ in OSA vs controls in a sex-based manner, but only in laterality of one gyrus, suggesting anterior and right-side insular dominance during sympathetic activation but parasympathetic withdrawal is largely intact, despite morphologic injury to the overall structure.
Fatigue in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Gapeshin R. A. , Barantsevich E. R. , Rudenko D. I. , Stuchevskaya T. R. , Gavrilova E. A. , Pushkaryov M. S. , Yakovlev A. A. , Gavrichenko A. V. , Smochilin A. G. 
Published: February 2021

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a peripheral neuropathy, predominantly motor neuropathy, with a progressive or relapse-remitting course. Fatigue is a condition characterized by a physical or mental feeling of lack of energy or lack of motivation for action, which is often present in patients with CIDP.Objective: to assess the severity of asthenia in CIDP patients.Patients and methods. Examinations were made in 34 inpatients treated for documented CIDP that met the international European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society (EFNS/PNS) criteria. A study group included patients with CIDP, whereas a comparison group consisted of volunteers without psychiatric illness, who were compensated for somatic diseases.Results and discussion. In the patients with CIDP, the level of fatigue was found to be much higher than normal. Approximately half of the CIDP patients had obvious asthenia. However, the level of fatigue did not correlate with the severity of the course of CIDP.Conclusion. The findings suggest that fatigue is important in patients with CIDP that should be taken into account in the treatment of these patients.
The behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia: a clinical case
Authors: Kotsyubinskaya Yu. V. , Mikhailov V. A. , Stulov I. K. , Ananyeva N. I. , Sitnik L. I. 
Published: February 2021

The paper is devoted to frontotemporal dementia (FTD), one of the most common forms of frontotemporal degeneration. The main symptoms of the disease include disinhibition, lack of empathy, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, apathy, cognitive impairment, appetite changes, and progressive changes in social behavior. In parallel, there are personality changes that are characterized by lower levels of self-awareness and by progressive psychological and social maladaptation of patients in society.The paper describes a clinical case of FTD in a female patient with marked behavioral changes and personality disorder. A 52-year-old woman was admitted to the alcoholism treatment department for alcohol intoxication and symptoms of mental confusion. According to her relatives, drinking too much alcohol every day, she was found to become rude, indifferent to others and her own duties, sharply limited the range of her activities and communication, and showed a decline in memory for current events. Psychopathological examination determined a distinct motivational-volitional decrease, the patient’s inability to mobilize mental activity, non-critical thinking, and indifference. X-ray diagnosis revealed the changes characteristic of frontotemporal neurodegeneration (atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes prevails). The described case confirms that alcohol abuse can mask organic disorders that develop in systemic cerebral atrophy.
COVID Social Distancing and the Poor: An Analysis of the Evidence for England
Authors: Basu Parantap , Bell Clive , Edwards Terence Huw 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Social distancing is a matter of individuals’ choices as well as of regulation. We analyse weekly panel data on such behaviour for English Upper Tier Local Authorities (UTLAs) from March to July 2020, paying attention to the influence of poverty, as measured by free school meals provision. Panel regressions suggest that, although more stringent regulation and slightly lagged local cases of infection increase social distancing, both effects are weaker in UTLAs with higher levels of poverty, in part because of poor housing, and also because shortage of money has forced the poor to keep working. Thus motivated, we develop a two-class (rich/poor) model, in which a Nash non-cooperative equilibrium arises from individual choices in a regulatory regime with penalties for non-compliance. The model yields results in keeping with the empirical findings, indicating the desirability of generous measures to furlough workers in low-paid jobs as a complement to the stringency of general regulation.
Fabrication of green ZnO nanoparticles using walnut leaf extract to develop an antibacterial film based on polyethylene–starch–ZnO NPs
Authors: Saemi Rouhina , Taghavi Elham , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda , Anarjan Navideh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractZinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized utilizing prepared walnut leaf extract by various amounts of its leaves (5–25 g) via a heater and stirrer adjusted at 60°C and reaction time ranging from 30 to 90 min. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography indicated the six main functional groups and 29 bioactive compounds in the provided walnut leaf extract. Antioxidant and antibacterial inhibitory activities of the fabricated ZnO NPs, in powder form, were modeled as a function of two synthesized parameters using response surface methodology, and the fabrication process was optimized. The results indicated that the ZnO NPs synthesized using walnut leaf extract, with 15.51 g of its dried powder and reaction time of 60 min, had maximum antioxidant activity and antibacterial effects againstEscherichia coli. X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy image indicated that the synthesized ZnO NPs using optimal processing conditions had crystals in triangular nanoprisms to nearly spherical shape with the particle size ranging from 15 to 40 nm. Finally, prepared biodegradable film composed of thermoplastic starch (5% w/w), polyethylene (93% w/w), and ZnO NPs (2% w/w) indicated high bactericidal inhibitory activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacterial strains.
Quintic B-spline collocation method for the numerical solution of the Bona–Smith family of Boussinesq equation type
Authors: Ren Jianguo , Manafian Jalil , Shallal Muhannad A. , Jabbar Hawraz N. , Mohammed Sizar A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOur main purpose in this work is to investigate a new solution that represents a numerical behavior for one well-known nonlinear wave equation, which describes the Bona–Smith family of Boussinesq type. A numerical solution has been obtained according to the quintic B-spline collocation method. The method is based on the Crank–Nicolson formulation for time integration and quintic B-spline functions for space integration. The stability of the proposed method has been discussed and presented to be unconditionally stable. The efficiency of the proposed method has been demonstrated by studying a solitary wave motion and interaction of two and three solitary waves. The results are found to be in good agreement with the analytic solution of the system. We demonstrated the physical interpretation of some obtained results graphically with symbolic computation.
In line and post erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with ideal dispersion compensation fiber Bragg grating for upgrading optical access networks
Authors: Eid Mahmoud M. A. , Ibrahim Anas , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This model in line and post erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with ideal dispersion compensation FBG for upgrading optical access networks for an extended distance of 60 km inside the optical fiber cable with a bit rate 10 Gb/s and Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) which applied at length 5 m. The electrical results are measured by electrical visualizer (eye diagram analyzer, electrical power meter visualizer). The eye diagram analyzer used to calculate the min bit error rate in addition to the maximum Q factor which has a result in the proposed model is 51.97. The electrical power meter visualizer used in the proposed model to calculate the total power which has a result of 23.70 dBm.
Chirped Gaussian pulse propagation with various data rates transmission in the presence of group velocity dispersion (GVD)
Authors: Eid Mahmoud M. A. , Helmy Ahmed , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Linear/Measured chirped Gaussian pulse propagation is simulated at various data rates transmission in the presence of group velocity dispersion without amplification unit. The power variations (PVs) vs. frequency, time period are also clarified after 250 km fiber channel length and 10 Gb/s bit rate (BR) of for Gaussian pulse generators with linear chirp factor of 2 rad/s, measured chirp factor (alpha parameter of 2 rad/W, Adiabatic chirp of 10 s−1). Moreover the overall total light power after fiber, the overall total electrical power after APD receiver are studied and clarified for Gaussian pulse generators with linear chirp, measured chirp factor. PVs vs. frequency, time period are simulated after APD receiver for Gaussian pulse generators with linear chirp, measured chirp factor. Maximum signal amplitude variations vs. time after APD receiver for Gaussian pulse generators with linear chirp, measured chirp factor are also clarified with the numerical simulation results.
Weighted projective Ricci curvature in Finsler geometry
Authors: Tabatabaeifar Tayebeh , Najafi Behzad , Tayebi Akbar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the weighted projective Ricci curvature as an extension of projective Ricci curvature introduced by Z. Shen. We characterize the class of Randers metrics of weighted projective Ricci flat curvature. We find the necessary and sufficient condition under which a Kropina metric has weighted projective Ricci flat curvature. Finally, we show that every projectively flat metric with isotropic weighted projective Ricci and isotropic S-curvature is a Kropina metric or Randers metric.
Fine tuned exploration of evolutionary relationships within the protein universe
Authors: Gullotto Danilo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the regime of domain classifications, the protein universe unveils a discrete set of folds connected by hierarchical relationships. Instead, at sub-domain-size resolution and because of physical constraints not necessarily requiring evolution to shape polypeptide chains, networks of protein motifs depict a continuous view that lies beyond the extent of hierarchical classification schemes. A number of studies, however, suggest that universal sub-sequences could be the descendants of peptides emerged in an ancient pre-biotic world. Should this be the case, evolutionary signals retained by structurally conserved motifs, along with hierarchical features of ancient domains, could sew relationships among folds that diverged beyond the point where homology is discernable. In view of the aforementioned, this paper provides a rationale where a network with hierarchical and continuous levels of the protein space, together with sequence profiles that probe the extent of sequence similarity and contacting residues that capture the transition from pre-biotic to domain world, has been used to explore relationships between ancient folds. Statistics of detected signals have been reported. As a result, an example of an emergent sub-network that makes sense from an evolutionary perspective, where conserved signals retrieved from the assessed protein space have been co-opted, has been discussed.
Influence of Magnesium Infiltration on Compressive Behavior of Additively Manufactured Porous Ti6Al4V Structure
Authors: Arivazhagan Adhiyamaan , Venugopal Prabhu Raja , Mohammad Ashfaq , Ravi K. R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As the next generation of metallic implants, Ti6Al4V porous structures have captivated more attention; however, the primitive compressive strength of the Ti6Al4V material is drastically reduced in its porous form while matching its Young’s modulus with that of the bone to avoid ‘stress-shielding effect’. This work sheds light on an unconventional approach to develop a metallic implant that addresses the twin demands of having high compressive strength and low Young’s modulus matching with that of the bone. This study focuses exclusively on the compressive behavior because most of the implants like hip and knee prosthesis are subjected to compressive loading. Porous Ti6Al4V structures with porosity ranging from 60–75 % are fabricated using electron beam melting, an additive manufacturing technique. And then, a pressureless infiltration technique is carried out to infiltrate pure magnesium, a good biodegradable material, into the porous structures by casting process. The compressive behavior of the infiltrated structures is analyzed and compared with porous Ti6Al4V structures. The compressive strength of the porous Ti6Al4V structures is enhanced up to 200 % after infiltrating it with biodegradable magnesium without much change in the modulus, making it a good candidate for the biomedical metallic implants. Moreover, the stress-strain characteristics of the magnesium-infiltrated Ti6Al4V samples exhibited ductile nature when compared with the stress-strain curves of the porous Ti6Al4V samples, which showed brittle nature, thereby enhancing the energy-absorbing quality of the metallic implant.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Postsurgical hypoparathyroidism: current treatments and future prospects for parathyroid allotransplantation
Authors: Mihai Radu , Thakker Rajesh V 
Published: February 2021

Background
Permanent postsurgical hypoparathyroidism (POSH) is a major complication of anterior neck surgery in general and of thyroid surgery in particular. Depending on diagnostic criteria, up to 10% of patients undergoing bilateral thyroid surgery develop POSH. This leads to a multitude of symptoms that decrease the quality of life and burden the healthcare provision through complex needs for medication and treatment of specific complications, such as seizures and laryngospasm.

Methods
Narrative review of current medical treatments for POSH and of the experience accumulated with parathyroid allotransplantation.

Results
In most patients, POSH is controlled with regular use of calcium supplements and active vitamin D analogues but a significant proportion of patients continue to experience severe symptoms requiring repeated emergency admissions. Replacement therapy with synthetic PTH compounds (PTH1-34, Natpara® and PTH1-84, teriparatide, Forsteo®) has been assessed in multicentre trials, but the use of this medication is restricted by costs and concerns related to the risk of development of osteosarcoma. Based on recent case reports of successful allotransplantation of parathyroid tissue between siblings, there is renewed interest in this technique. Data on selection of donors, parathyroid cell preparation before allotransplantation, site and timing of transplantation, need for immunosuppression and long-term outcomes are reviewed.

Conclusion
A prospective trial to assess the efficacy of parathyroid allotransplantation in patients with severely symptomatic protracted post-surgical hypoparathyroidism is warranted.
Sight Beyond Sight: Foreseeing Fraudulent Financial Reporting through the Perspective of Islamic Legal Ethics
Authors: Rahmatika Dien Noviany , Hamzani Achmad Irwan , Aravik Havis , Yunus Nur Rohim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. In the financial sectors, fraud has become a world phenomenon, ranging from fraudulent financial reports, assets misappropriation and corruption. These three types of fraud are practices carried out deliberately against the law which harm many parties. This study aims to analyze fraudulent financial reporting, where the presentation of misstatements is presented to mislead financial reports. These are against the ethical perspective of Islamic law as stated in the Quran and Hadith. This research uses secondary data based on the principles of sharia accounting concepts and Islamic ethics. The analytical method used is a qualitative description method with literary and normative approaches by examining fraudulent financial reporting from the perspective of Islamic law. The results of this study strengthen the theory of fraud pentagon with the symptoms and red flags of fraud, namely pressure, opportunity, rationalization, competence, and arrogance of the perpetrators of fraud. The Quran as well as the hadith emphasize the values of honesty, justice, truth, responsibility, and belief in reporting. This research also overlooks the weak ethics of the accounting profession and also the value of religiosity held by weak accountants from the perspectives of Islam.Keywords: Accounting Fraud, Fraudulent Financial Reporting, Fraud Pentagon Theory, Islamic Legal Ethics Abstrak. Pada sektor keuangan, fraud (kecurangan) menjadi salah satu fenomena global, dengan kasus kecurangan laporan keuangan, penyelewengan aset dan korupsi. Ketiga bentuk kecurangan tersebut merupakan praktek yang dilakukan secara sengaja melawan hukum dan merugikan banyak pihak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kecurangan pelaporan keuangan, dimana informasi yang disajikan dalam laporan adalah hal yang tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan. Hal ini bertentangan dengan etika hukum Islam dalam Al-Qur'an dan Hadits. Penelitian ini adalah menggunakan data sekunder dengan mendasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip akuntansi syariah dan etika Islam. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode deskripsikualitatif dengan pendekatan literatur dan kajian normatif. Hal ini dilakukan dengan memeriksa kecurangan pelaporan keuangan dari perspektif hukum Islam. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperkuat teori Fraud Pentagon tentang gejala dan Red Flag Fraud, yang terdiri dari tekanan, peluang, rasionalisasi, kompetensi, dan arogansi para pelaku penipuan. Hal ini bertentangan dengan prinsip hukum Islam yang menekankan pada nilai-nilai kejujuran, keadilan, kebenaran, tanggung jawab, dan kepercayaan dalam pelaporan. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan lemahnya prinsip etis dalam profesi akuntansi dan jugai religiusitas yang dimiliki oleh akuntan.Kata kunci: Kecurangan akuntansi, Kecurangan Pelaporan Keuangan, Teori Fraud Pentagon, Etika Hukum Islam