bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IoT-based group size prediction and recommendation system using machine learning and deep learning techniques
Authors: Chopra Deepti , Kaur Arvinder 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn an open source software development environment, it is hard to decide the number of group members required for resolving software issues. Developers generally reply to issues based totally on their domain knowledge and interest, and there are no predetermined groups. The developers openly collaborate on resolving the issues based on many factors, such as their interest, domain expertise, and availability. This study compares eight different algorithms employing machine learning and deep learning, namely—Convolutional Neural Network, Multilayer Perceptron, Classification and Regression Trees, Generalized Linear Model, Bayesian Additive Regression Trees, Gaussian Process, Random Forest and Conditional Inference Tree for predicting group size in five open source software projects developed and managed using an open source development framework GitHub. The social information foraging model has also been extended to predict group size in software issues, and its results compared to those obtained using machine learning and deep learning algorithms. The prediction results suggest that deep learning and machine learning models predict better than the extended social information foraging model, while the best-ranked model is a deep multilayer perceptron((R.M.S.E. sequelize—1.21, opencv—1.17, bitcoin—1.05, aseprite—1.01, electron—1.16). Also it was observed that issue labels helped improve the prediction performance of the machine learning and deep learning models. The prediction results of these models have been used to build an Issue Group Recommendation System as an Internet of Things application that recommends and alerts additional developers to help resolve an open issue.
An overview of additive manufacturing technologies for musical wind instruments
Authors: Damodaran Ajith , Sugavaneswaran M. , Lessard Larry 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper aimed to provide a foundation database for understanding the important applications of the different additive manufacturing (AM) technologies for musical wind instruments. A systematic review methodology was adopted in this study. The different AM techniques, materials used, the technical features, and processing parameters uniquely related to wind instruments were discussed. Selected heterogeneous applications demonstrate how AM techniques are being exploited in the innovation, improvement in aesthetics of the existing wind instruments, understanding the ancient music, and personalization with its capability to tune specific instrument design parameters for professional musicians.
Workload-adaptive and task-specific support for cockpit crews: design and evaluation of an adaptive associate system
Authors: Brand Yannick , Schulte Axel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article describes and validates a concept of a workload-adaptive and task-specific associate system for military helicopter crews. We introduce a cognitive agent that behaves like an additional, artificial crew member. It adapts the extent of support by identifying the current and future task situation and workload of the crew. By choosing different intervention strategies, the associate system dynamically changes the task sharing between the crew and automation. We implemented the associate system into a helicopter simulator. The system supports helicopter pilots during Manned-Unmanned Teaming missions, where the crew of a manned helicopter operates several unmanned aircraft from the cockpit. To evaluate the prototype, we conducted a pilot-in-the-loop campaign and analyzed situations where the association system prevents or corrects human error.
Moral responsibility for computationally designed products
Authors: Douglas David M. , Howard David , Lacey Justine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractComputational design systems (such as those using evolutionary algorithms) can create designs for a variety of physical products. Introducing these systems into the design process risks creating a ‘responsibility gap’ for flaws in the products they are used to create, as human designers may no longer believe that they are wholly responsible for them. We respond to this problem by distinguishing between causal responsibility and capacity responsibility (the ability to be morally responsible for actions) for creating product designs to argue that while the computational design systems and human designers are both casually responsible for creating product designs, the human designers who use these systems and the developers who create them have capacity responsibility for such designs. We show that there is no responsibility gap for products designed using computational design systems by comparing different accounts of moral responsibility for robots and AI (instrumentalism, machine ethics, and hybrid responsibility). We argue that all three of these accounts of moral responsibility for AI systems support the conclusion that the product designers who use computational design systems and the developers of these systems are morally responsible for any flaws or faults in the products designed by these systems. We conclude by showing how the responsibilities of accountability and blameworthiness should be attributed between the product designers, the developers of the computational design systems.
A novel optimal route planning algorithm for searching on the sea
Authors: Yang Y. , Mao Y. , Xie R. , Hu Y. , Nan Y. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTEmergency search and rescue on the sea is an important part of national emergency response for marine perils. Optimal route planning for maritime search and rescue is the key capability to reduce the searching time, improve the rescue efficiency, as well as guarantee the rescue target’s safety of life and property. The main scope of the searching route planning is to optimise the searching time and voyage within the constraints of missing search rate and duplicate search rate. This paper proposes an optimal algorithm for searching routes of large amphibious aircraft corresponding to its flight characteristics and sea rescue capability. This algorithm transforms the search route planning problem into a discrete programming problem and applies the route traceback indexes to satisfy the duplicate search rate and missing search rate.
A new ΔR value for the southern North Sea and its application in coastal research
Authors: Enters Dirk , Haynert Kristin , Wehrmann Achim , Freund Holger , Schlütz Frank 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAccelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon (14C) dating ofCerastoderma edule(Linnaeus 1767) andMytilus edulis(Linnaeus 1758) shells sampled in AD 1889 near the island of Wangerooge gave a new local correction factor ΔR of −85 ± 1714C years for the Wadden Sea area. The value is considerably higher than the available scattered data from the North Sea, which were obtained from pre-bomb growth rings of livingArctica islandica(Linnaeus 1767). This can be explained by the incorporation of14C-depleted terrestrial carbon into the shell material which compensates the intensified exchange of CO2between atmosphere and shallow coastal water, e.g. by tidal currents. Additionally, two examples of application of the new ΔRvalue in coastal research give deeper insights into the dynamics of bivalve shell preservation in the Wadden Sea and the need for further research to clarify the Holocene reintroduction ofMya arenaria(Linnaeus 1758) into European waters.
ON THE PRONORM OF A GROUP
Authors: BRESCIA MATTIA , RUSSO ALESSIO 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThepronormof a groupGis the set$P(G)$of all elements$g\in G$such thatXand$X^g$are conjugate in${\langle {X,X^g}\rangle }$for every subgroupXofG. In general the pronorm is not a subgroup, but we give evidence of some classes of groups in which this property holds. We also investigate the structure of a generalised soluble groupGwhose pronorm contains a subgroup of finite index.
Feeding intolerance and risk of poor outcome in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
Authors: Lin Yanjuan , Chen Meihua , Peng Yanchun , Chen Qiong , Li Sailan , Chen Liangwan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe conducted a prospective, observational study to determine the incidence of feeding intolerance (FI) within 7 d of initiating enteral nutrition (EN) in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and to evaluate the association between FI and a poor prognosis. Patients who underwent CPB surgery at Fujian Medical University Union Hospital between March 2020 and June 2020 were enrolled. According to the presence or absence of FI within 7 d after EN, patients were divided into FI and non-FI groups. According to the occurrence of a poor prognosis (death, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, acute kidney injury, liver insufficiency, neurological events (cerebral infarction, cerebral haemorrhage and epilepsy) and prolonged mechanical ventilation (> 48 h)), patients were divided into poor prognosis and good prognosis groups. The mean age of the 237 CPB patients, including 139 men and ninety-eight women, was 53·80 (sd 12·25) years. The incidence of FI was 64·14 %. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed factors independently associated with poor prognosis after CPB included FI (OR 2·138; 95 % CI 1·058, 4·320), age (OR 1·033; 95 % CI 1·004, 1·063), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III/IV cardiac function (OR 2·410; 95 % CI 1·079, 5·383), macrovascular surgery (OR 5·434; 95 % CI 1·704, 17·333) and initial sequential organ failure assessment score (OR 1·243; 95 % CI 1·010, 1·530). Thus, the incidence of FI within 7 d of EN after CPB was high, which was associated with a poor prognosis.
The overall plant-based diet index during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study in China
Authors: Wang Huanzhuo , Huang Li , Lin Lixia , Chen Xi , Zhong Chunrong , Li Qian , Li Nan , Gao Duan , Zhou Xuezhen , Chen Renjuan , Zhang Yu , Ye Beizhu , Hao Liping , Yang Xuefeng , Yang Nianhong , Wei Sheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe high overall plant-based diet index (PDI) is considered to protect against type 2 diabetes in the general population. However, whether the PDI affects gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk among pregnant women is still unclear. We evaluated the association between PDI and GDM risk based on a Chinese large prospective cohort – the Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort. Dietary data were collected at 13–28 weeks of pregnancy by a validated semi-quantitative FFQ. The PDI was obtained by assigning plant food groups positive scores while assigning animal food groups reverse scores. GDM was diagnosed by a 75 g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate OR of GDM, with associated 95 % CI, comparing women in different PDI quartiles. Among the total 2099 participants, 169 (8·1 %) were diagnosed with GDM. The PDI ranged from 21·0 to 52·0 with a median of 36·0 (interquartile range (IQR) 33·0–39·0). After adjusting for social-demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors etc., the participants with the highest quartile of PDI were associated with 57 % reduced odds of GDM compared with women in the lowest quartile of PDI (adjusted OR 0·43; 95 % CI 0·24, 0·77;Pfor trend= 0·005). An IQR increment in PDI was associated with 29 % decreased odds of GDM (adjusted OR 0·71; 95 % CI 0·56, 0·90). Findings suggest that adopting a plant-based diet during pregnancy could reduce GDM risk among Chinese women, which may be valuable for dietary counselling during pregnancy.
Vitamin A in resistance to and recovery from infection: relevance to SARS-CoV2
Authors: Stephensen C. B. , Lietz G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV2 infects respiratory epithelial cells via its cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, causing a viral pneumonia with pronounced inflammation resulting in significant damage to the lungs and other organ systems, including the kidneys, though symptoms and disease severity are quite variable depending on the intensity of exposure and presence of underlying conditions that may affect the immune response. The resulting disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), can cause multi-organ system dysfunction in patients requiring hospitalisation and intensive care treatment. Serious infections like COVID-19 often negatively affect nutritional status, and the resulting nutritional deficiencies may increase disease severity and impair recovery. One example is the viral infection measles, where associated vitamin A (VA) deficiency increases disease severity and appropriately timed supplementation during recovery reduces mortality and hastens recovery. VA may play a similar role in COVID-19. First, VA is important in maintaining innate and adaptive immunity to promote clearance of a primary infection as well as minimise risks from secondary infections. Second, VA plays a unique role in the respiratory tract, minimising damaging inflammation, supporting repair of respiratory epithelium and preventing fibrosis. Third, VA deficiency may develop during COVID-19 due to specific effects on lung and liver stores caused by inflammation and impaired kidney function, suggesting that supplements may be needed to restore adequate status. Fourth, VA supplementation may counteract adverse effects of SARS-CoV2 on the angiotensin system as well as minimises adverse effects of some COVID-19 therapies. Evaluating interactions of SARS-CoV2 infection with VA metabolism may thus provide improved COVID-19 therapy.
When Autocrats Threaten Citizens with Violence: Evidence from China
Authors: Carter Erin Baggott , Carter Brett L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhen do autocrats employ propaganda to threaten citizens with repression? Do threats of repression condition citizen behavior? This article develops a theory of propaganda-based threats in autocracies that builds on insights from experimental psychology. It argues that even credible threats of repression are costly, and so are reserved for moments when collective action is most likely. Since threats of repression are employed sparingly, the authors also expect them to be effective. The theory is tested using data from China, the world's most populous autocracy. The study analyzes all 164,707 articles published between 2009 and 2016 in the Workers' Daily, a state-run newspaper that focuses on domestic issues and targets a non-elite audience. It finds that the Chinese government employs propaganda-based threats of repression primarily around the anniversaries of ethnic separatist movements in Tibet and Xinjiang regions. Using an instrumental variables strategy, the study shows that these threats decrease protest rates by a substantively meaningful margin.
Contributions to the knowledge of lichenicolous fungi growing on baeomycetoid lichens andIcmadophila, with a key to the species
Authors: Zhurbenko Mikhail P. , Ohmura Yoshihito 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFive species of lichenicolous fungi are described as new to science:Buelliella ohmuraeZhurb. & Diederich (onIcmadophila), with a non-granulose epihymenium, not or only slightly enlarged, pale brown apical cells of paraphysoids and 1-septate, smooth ascospores;Catillaria japonicaZhurb. & Hafellner (onDibaeisandPseudobaeomyces), with a medium to dark reddish brown epihymenium, exciple and hypothecium, rather frequently branched and anastomosed paraphyses with only slightly enlarged apical cells without a dark cap, andCatillaria-type asci;Cryptodiscus ihleniiZhurb. (onDibaeis), with persistently immersed ascomata, non-amyloid asci and hymenium, not or only slightly enlarged apical cells of paraphyses and narrowly obovate, 1-septate ascospores;Llimoniella chilensisZhurb. (onDibaeisand a sterile microsquamulose lichen), with a K+ green exciple and epihymenium and aseptate, broadly ellipsoid ascospores; andStigmidium phyllobaeidisZhurb., Etayo & Flakus (on apothecial discs ofPhyllobaeis), with a hemiamyloid interascal gel, not previously reported in that genus, well-developed, 1‒2(‒4)-celled periphysoids, elongate asci and hyaline, 1-septate ascospores. An undescribed species ofArthonia(onPseudobaeomyces) is briefly characterized.Sphaerellothecium coniodesis newly reported for Asia. A key to the 32 species of lichenicolous fungi and lichens known to occur on baeomycetoid lichens andIcmadophilais provided.
Pap Smears: Physicians Must Disclose Risk of Refusal
Authors: Annas George J. 
Published: January 2021

In 1972 the California Supreme Court helped set the standard for informed consent in the landmark case of Cobbs v. Grant. That case involved a middleaged gentleman who was operated on for an intractable peptic duodenal ulcer. He suffered complications which included loss of his spleen, a subsequent gastric ulcer, and a 50% gastrectomy. None of these well-recognized potential risks of ulcer surgery had been disclosed to him. The court determined that physicians must disclose the following information to patients, in lay terms, before performing procedures on them:a description of the procedure and its success rates;risks of death or serious bodily harm;alternatives, and the dangers inherent in each; andmajor problems of recuperation.
Informed Consent and the Nurse
Authors: Holder Angela R. , Lewis John W. 
Published: January 2021

Informed consent, as the courts define it, is the patient's right to know, before agreeing to a procedure, what the procedure entails — the hazards, the possible complications, and expected results of the treatment. The patient must understand any reasonable alternatives to the proposed procedure, including, in most cases, the results that can be predicted from nontreatment. The choice among alternative risks involves value judgments falling outside the scope of medical decision-making, including the patient's views on social, economic, and other personal factors of which health professionals cannot possibly be aware.The negotiations necessary to obtain the patient's informed consent are the responsibility of the person who will perform the procedure. If a physician is in charge, the physician may delegate the discussion to another but retains the legal responsibility to make sure the patient understands.
Hiding Medical Records Behind the Law
Authors: Greenlaw Jane L. 
Published: January 2021

The nursing home nurses were faced with a troubling problem. An 87 year old woman, who had been a resident of the home for several years, had gradually become disoriented, confused, and nearly unable to communicate. Nursing care for this otherwise healthy woman continued as always — monitoring and maintaining her medical status with a necessary increase in physical care as her own self-care ability diminished. The problem was the woman's son: he was demanding to see his mother's chart because he believed that she had cancer and that this was being concealed from him. What should the nurses do?The issue is complex and can best be examined in stages. The first question is: does the son have a legal right to see his mother's records? The answer is that in no state does a patient's son or other relative have an automatic legal right, by virtue of his relationship to the patient, to see an adult patient's medical record. Often, particularly with nursing home patients, a relative signs an agreement to assume financial responsibility for expenses incurred by a patient.
Malpractice Insurance for Nurses: Legal, Ethical and Professional Issues
Authors: Greenlaw Jane 
Published: January 2021

Should nurses carry their own malpractice insurance? This is a commonly asked question, to which no simple response can be given. The answer will be different for each individual nurse, and will depend upon a variety of factors; individual personal values will determine which factors are most important. Thus, while it is impossible to offer a definitive answer which is correct for all nurses, it is possible to provide a framework to aid in the development of individual answers. For purpose of discussion this column will examine the nursing malpractice insurance question from three perspectives — legal, ethical, and professional — though in reality, of course, the three overlap.The legal issues raised by the malpractice insurance question are the most straightforward and therefore the easiest to deal with. The first question is: do nurses need malpractice insurance at all? Nurses are now viewed (legally and otherwise) as professionals accountable for their own actions.
Scheduling and simulation of maritime traffic in congested waterways: an application to the Strait of Istanbul
Authors: Özlem Şirin , Or İlhan , Altan Yiğit Can 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to develop a simulation model which is capable of mimicking actual vessel arrival patterns and vessel entrance decisions (which are made based on expert opinions generally) on congested, narrow waterways. The model is tested on the transit traffic pattern in the Strait of Istanbul. Based on a heuristic scheduling algorithm, this model decides entrance times and vessel types on the strait. The model, with different policies for day and night traffic, is run for a period of seven years with 20 replications for each year. The performance measures of the model are: average interarrival times, number of vessels passed and entrance times for each successive vessel pair in both traffic directions. The model results are congruent with the actual results of performance measures. Therefore, it may be deduced that the proposed algorithm can be a guide for operators regarding scheduling decisions in congested, narrow waterways.
Open group cognitive behaviour therapy on acute in-patient units
Authors: Boynton Victoria , Sanderson Christopher 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground:Adult mental health in-patient units primarily provide a service for people deemed to be at significant risk to themselves or others, where treatment cannot be provided safely in the community. Whilst psychological interventions are indicated during episodes of acute mental distress, they are often psychoeducational and skills-based in nature. A common complaint amongst those admitted is the lack of psychological provision at a time of crisis when they most need to make sense of their difficultiesAims:This article reports on service users’ experiences of open group cognitive behavioural therapy where participants choose the therapeutic targets.Method:A total of 75 patients admitted to acute in-patient wards over a 6-month period accessed open group cognitive therapy as part of routine care. Participants completed an evaluation questionnaire that measured their experiences of the group and the usefulness of them within an in-patient setting.Results:A total of 27 participants completed anonymous questionnaires (36%) and the results indicated that participants felt understood, respected and accepted within the group and felt that the group setting was helpful for sharing experiences. In addition, all participants reported that following the group they would be more likely to access psychological therapies in the future.Conclusions:Open group therapy where participants define the therapeutic targets each session is feasible and achievable on acute in-patient units and patients report finding this useful.
EXTREMAL CASES OF RAPOPORT–ZINK SPACES
Authors: Görtz Ulrich , He Xuhua , Rapoport Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe investigate qualitative properties of the underlying scheme of Rapoport–Zink formal moduli spaces ofp-divisible groups (resp., shtukas). We single out those cases where the dimension of this underlying scheme is zero (resp., those where the dimension is the maximal possible). The model case for the first alternative is the Lubin–Tate moduli space, and the model case for the second alternative is the Drinfeld moduli space. We exhibit a complete list in both cases.