bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tillage and seeding strategies for wheat optimizing production in harvested rice fields with high soil moisture
Authors: Ding Jinfeng , Li Fujian , Le Tao , Xu Dongyi , Zhu Min , Li Chunyan , Zhu Xinkai , Guo Wenshan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSuitable tillage and seeding strategies for wheat can be used to combat excessive residues and poor soil conditions in harvested rice fields. This study investigated the effects of different tillage (zero tillage and rotary tillage) and seeding methods on wheat growth, grain yield, nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization, and economic benefit when the soil moisture was high during the tillage and seeding practices. In 2016–2017, three seeders were tested: SM1-1, SM2, and SM3; in 2017–2018, four seeders were tested: SM1-2, SM2, SM3, and SM4. Although the soil moisture was different between years, zero tillage could be used to reduce the sowing depth, which facilitated early-phase wheat growth and N uptake compared with rotary tillage, resulting in higher grain yield, NUpE, and net return. In 2016–2017 (high wet soil), a small-size seeder (SM1-1) with sowing near the soil surface facilitated higher grain yield, NUpE, and net returns compared with the other seeders; in 2017–2018 (low wet soil), medium-size seeders (SM3 and SM4) were more suitable than small-size seeders (SM1-2 and SM2). In both years, the seeders that performed the best mainly improved the spike numbers while increasing N uptake, especially after anthesis. Zero tillage lowered input costs, but small-size seeders did not reduce costs due to the higher labor costs associated with their low working efficiency. Improving net returns depends largely on increasing yield. In conclusion, zero tillage is recommended for wheat production in harvested rice fields with a high soil moisture content, but the suitable seeding method needs to be confirmed according to the soil moisture content.
Subtype-dependent difference of glucose transporter 1 and hexokinase II expression in craniopharyngioma: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Mukada Naoto , Tosaka Masahiko , Matsumura Nozomi , Yamaguchi Rei , Aihara Masanori , Isoda Koji , Higuchi Tetsuya , Tsushima Yoshito , Yokoo Hideaki , Yoshimoto Yuhei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPapillary craniopharyngiomas are characterized by the BRAF V600E mutation. Enhancement of glucose metabolism may be involved in the downstream of the BRAF V600E mutation in many types of tumors. Glucose metabolism was investigated in craniopharyngioma using immunohistochemical analysis. The study included 29 cases of craniopharyngioma (18 adamantinomatous type [ACP], 11 papillary type [PCP]). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with anti-glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), anti-hexokinase-II (HK-II), anti-BRAF V600E, and anti-beta-catenin antibodies. Expressions of GLUT-1 and HK-II were evaluated using a semiquantitative 4-tiered scale as 0, 1+, 2+, 3+, and divided into negative (0 or 1+) or positive (2+ or 3+) group. GLUT-1 expression level was significantly higher in PCPs than ACPs (0, 1+, 2+, 3+ = 2, 12, 4, 0 cases in ACP, respectively, 0, 1+, 2+, 3+ = 0, 2, 5, 4 in PCP, p = 0.001), and most PCPs were classified into positive group (positive rate, 22.2% [4/18] in ACP, 81.8% [9/11] in PCP; p = 0.003). HK-II expression was also conspicuous in PCPs (0, 1+, 2+, 3+ = 7, 9, 2, 0 cases in ACP, 0, 3, 3, 5 in PCP; p = 0.001), and most of them divided into positive group (positive rate, 11.1% [2/18] in ACP, 72.7% [8/11] in PCP; p = 0.001). Expression patterns of BRAF V600E and beta-catenin reflected the clinicopathological subtypes. Both GLUT-1 and HK-II expressions were prominent in PCP. Glucose metabolism might be more enhanced in PCP than ACP. PCP may use the glucose metabolic system downstream of the BRAF V600E mutant protein.
LncRNA HOTAIR regulates glucose transporter Glut1 expression and glucose uptake in macrophages during inflammation
Authors: Obaid Monira , Udden S. M. Nashir , Alluri Prasanna , Mandal Subhrangsu S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInflammation plays central roles in the immune response. Inflammatory response normally requires higher energy and therefore is associated with glucose metabolism. Our recent study demonstrates that lncRNA HOTAIR plays key roles in NF-kB activation, cytokine expression, and inflammation. Here, we investigated if HOTAIR plays any role in the regulation of glucose metabolism in immune cells during inflammation. Our results demonstrate that LPS-induced inflammation induces the expression of glucose transporter isoform 1 (Glut1) which controls the glucose uptake in macrophages. LPS-induced Glut1 expression is regulated via NF-kB activation. Importantly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of HOTAIR suppressed the LPS-induced expression of Glut1 suggesting key roles of HOTAIR in LPS-induced Glut1 expression in macrophage. HOTAIR induces NF-kB activation, which in turn increases Glut1 expression in response to LPS. We also found that HOTAIR regulates glucose uptake in macrophages during LPS-induced inflammation and its knockdown decreases LPS-induced increased glucose uptake. HOTAIR also regulates other upstream regulators of glucose metabolism such as PTEN and HIF1α, suggesting its multimodal functions in glucose metabolism. Overall, our study demonstrated that lncRNA HOTAIR plays key roles in LPS-induced Glut1 expression and glucose uptake by activating NF-kB and hence HOTAIR regulates metabolic programming in immune cells potentially to meet the energy needs during the immune response.
Static and dynamic functional connectivity supports the configuration of brain networks associated with creative cognition
Authors: Patil Abhishek Uday , Ghate Sejal , Madathil Deepa , Tzeng Ovid J. L. , Huang Hsu-Wen , Huang Chih-Mao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCreative cognition is recognized to involve the integration of multiple spontaneous cognitive processes and is manifested as complex networks within and between the distributed brain regions. We propose that the processing of creative cognition involves the static and dynamic re-configuration of brain networks associated with complex cognitive processes. We applied the sliding-window approach followed by a community detection algorithm and novel measures of network flexibility on the blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal of 8 major functional brain networks to reveal static and dynamic alterations in the network reconfiguration during creative cognition using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Our results demonstrate the temporal connectivity of the dynamic large-scale creative networks between default mode network (DMN), salience network, and cerebellar network during creative cognition, and advance our understanding of the network neuroscience of creative cognition.
Phenocopy of a heterozygous carrier of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa due to mosaicism for a RHO variant
Authors: Strubbe Ine , Van Cauwenbergh Caroline , De Zaeytijd Julie , De Jaegere Sarah , De Bruyne Marieke , Rosseel Toon , Van de Sompele Stijn , De Baere Elfride , Leroy Bart P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe describe both phenotype and pathogenesis in two male siblings with typical retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and the potentially X-linked RP (XLRP) carrier phenotype in their mother. Two affected sons, two unaffected daughters, and their mother underwent detailed ophthalmological assessments including Goldmann perimetry, color vision testing, multimodal imaging and ISCEV-standard electroretinography. Genetic testing consisted of targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of known XLRP genes and whole exome sequencing (WES) of known inherited retinal disease genes (RetNet-WES). Variant validation and segregation analysis were performed by Sanger sequencing. The mutational load of the RHO variant in the mother was assessed in DNA from leucocytes, buccal cells and hair follicles using targeted NGS. Both affected sons showed signs of classical RP, while the mother displayed patches of hyperautofluorescence on blue light autofluorescence imaging and regional, intraretinal, spicular pigmentation, reminiscent of a carrier phenotype of XLRP. XLRP testing was negative. RetNet-WES testing revealed RHO variant c.404G > C p.(Arg135Pro) in a mosaic state (21% of the reads) in the mother and in a heterozygous state in both sons. Targeted NGQSS of the RHO variant in different maternal tissues showed a mutation load between 25.06% and 41.72%. We report for the first time that somatic mosaicism of RHO variant c.404G > C p.(Arg135Pro) mimics the phenotype of a female carrier of XLRP, in combination with heterozygosity for the variant in the two affected sons.
Higher efficacy and reduced adverse reactions in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer by using pegylated liposomal doxorubicin compared with pirarubicin
Authors: Liu Weifang , Chen Wei , Zhang Xiuxiang , Zhao Peng , Fan Zhimin , Bi Lirong , Wu Di , Li Sijie , Yang Ming , Fu Tong , Song Dong , Han Bing , Zhao Gang , Du Ye , Shi Aiping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) in preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with breast cancer by comparing with conventional anthracycline. This study is a non-randomized controlled trial. Prospective analysis was conducted after matching as required. A total of 146 patients with confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer by histopathological examinations were enrolled into the observation group and control group in 1:1 ratio. Each of the cases in the observation group was required to correspond to another in the control group according to the requirements including age, molecular subtype, axillary node status, and regimen of the preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The chemotherapy was based on regimens consisting of anthracyclines, paclitaxel or docetaxel, and/or platinum. PLD was used at least twice in the observation group, with traditional anthracycline as a contrast in the control group. Clinical responses as well as cardiac side effects and other adverse reactions were evaluated by clinical and imaging examinations such as electrocardiogram (ECG) and color Doppler ultrasound during the chemotherapy. Pathologic examinations were performed following the surgeries after preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy. All the patients in both groups completed the preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to their original regimens. The postoperative pathological evaluation revealed a higher pathologic complete response (PCR) rate and significantly more patients of grade V of the Miller-Payne grading system in the observation group as compared to the control group (p = 0.047). In addition, the observation group recorded an evidently lower occurrence of the adverse cardiac events (p = 0.014), ECG changes (p = 0.048), and the relatively severe adverse reactions such as myelosuppression. Compared with conventional anthracycline drugs, PLD has a better pathologic response and safety performance, as well as a similar clinical effectiveness in preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Gamma-radiated immunosuppressed tumor xenograft mice can be a new ideal model in cancer research
Authors: Khodayari Hamid , Khodayari Saeed , Khalighfard Solmaz , Tahmasebifar Arash , Tajaldini Mahboubeh , Poorkhani Amirhoushang , Nikoueinejad Hassan , Hamidi Gholam Ali , Nosrati Hassan , Kalhori Mohammad Reza , Alizadeh Ali Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTumor xenograft models can create a high capacity to study human tumors and discover efficient therapeutic approaches. Here, we aimed to develop the gamma-radiated immunosuppressed (GIS) mice as a new kind of tumor xenograft model for biomedical studies. First, 144 mice were divided into the control and treated groups exposed by a medical Cobalt-60 apparatus in 3, 4, and 5 Gy based on the system outputs. Then, 144 BALB/c mice were divided into four groups; healthy, xenograft, radiation, and radiation + xenograft groups. The animals in the xenograft and radiation + xenograft groups have subcutaneously received 3 × 106 MCF-7 cells 24 h post-radiation. On 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after cell injection, the animals were sacrificed. Then, the blood samples and the spleen and tumor tissues were removed for the cellular and molecular analyses. The whole-body gamma radiation had a high immunosuppressive effect on the BALB/c mice from 1 to 21 days post-radiation. The macroscopic and histopathological observations have proved that the created clusters' tumor structure resulted in the xenograft breast tumor. There was a significant increase in tumor size after cell injection until the end of the study. Except for Treg, the spleen level of CD4, CD8, CD19, and Ly6G was significantly decreased in Xen + Rad compared to the Xen alone group on 3 and 7 days. Unlike IL-4 and IL-10, the spleen level of TGF-β, INF-γ, IL-12, and IL-17 was considerably decreased in the Xen + Rad than the Xen alone group on 3 and 7 days. The spleen expressions of the VEGF, Ki67, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were dramatically increased in the Xen + Rad group compared to the Xen alone on 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Our results could confirm a new tumor xenograft model via an efficient immune-suppressive potential of the whole-body gamma radiation in mice.
Simultaneous and independent capture of multiple Rayleigh dielectric nanospheres with sine-modulated Gaussian beams
Authors: Su Jingjing , Li Nan , Wang Xianfan , Chen Xingfan , Hu Huizhu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the propagation properties and radiation forces on Rayleigh dielectric particles produced by novel sine-modulated Gaussian beams (SMGBs) because of the unique focusing properties of four independent light intensity distribution centers and possessing many deep potential wells in the output plane of the target laser. The described beams can concurrently capture and manipulate multiple Rayleigh dielectric spheres with high refractive indices without disturbing each other at the focus plane. Spheres with a low refractive index can be guided or confined in the focus but cannot be stably trapped in this single beam trap. Simulation results demonstrate that the focused SMGBs can be used to trap particle in different planes by increasing the sine-modulate coefficient g. The conditions for effective and stable capture of high-index particles and the threshold of detectable radius are determined at the end of this study.
Effects of aerobic exercise training on muscle plasticity in a mouse model of cervical spinal cord injury
Authors: Jesus Isley , Michel-Flutot Pauline , Deramaudt Therese B. , Paucard Alexia , Vanhee Valentin , Vinit Stéphane , Bonay Marcel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCervical spinal cord injury (SCI) results in permanent life-altering motor and respiratory deficits. Other than mechanical ventilation for respiratory insufficiency secondary to cervical SCI, effective treatments are lacking and the development of animal models to explore new therapeutic strategies are needed. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the feasibility of using a mouse model of partial cervical spinal hemisection at the second cervical metameric segment (C2) to investigate the impact of 6 weeks training on forced exercise wheel system on locomotor/respiratory plasticity muscles. To measure run capacity locomotor and respiratory functions, incremental exercise tests and diaphragmatic electromyography were done. In addition, muscle fiber type composition and capillary distribution were assessed at 51 days following chronic C2 injury in diaphragm, extensor digitorum communis (EDC), tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SOL) muscles. Six-week exercise training increased the running capacity of trained SCI mice. Fiber type composition in EDC, TA and SOL muscles was not modified by our protocol of exercise. The vascularization was increased in all muscle limbs in SCI trained group. No increase in diaphragmatic electromyography amplitude of the diaphragm muscle on the side of SCI was observed, while the contraction duration was significantly decreased in sedentary group compared to trained group. Cross-sectional area of type IIa myofiber in the contralateral diaphragm side of SCI was smaller in trained group. Fiber type distribution between contralateral and ipsilateral diaphragm in SCI sedentary group was affected, while no difference was observed in trained group. In addition, the vascularization of the diaphragm side contralateral to SCI was increased in trained group. All these results suggest an increase in fatigue resistance and a contribution to the running capacity in SCI trained group. Our exercise protocol could be a promising non-invasive strategy to sustain locomotor and respiratory muscle plasticity following SCI.
Lead-free relaxor-ferroelectric thin films for energy harvesting from low-grade waste-heat
Authors: Sharma Amrit P. , Behera Makhes K. , Pradhan Dhiren K. , Pradhan Sangram K. , Bonner Carl E. , Bahoura Messaoud 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOne of the ways to mitigate the world energy crisis is to harvest clean and green energy from waste-heat, which is abundant, ubiquitous, and free. Energy harvesting of this waste-heat is one of the most encouraging methods to capture freely accessible electrical energy. Ferroelectric materials can be used to harvest energy for low power electronic devices, as they exhibit switchable polarization, excellent piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. The most important characteristic of ferroelectric materials, in the context of energy harvesting, is their ability to generate electric power from a time-dependent temperature change. In this work, we grew highly c-axis oriented heterostructures of BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (barium zirconium titanate, BZT)/Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3 (barium calcium titanate, BCT) on SrRuO3 (strontium ruthenate, SRO) and deposited on SrTiO3 (strontium titanate, STO) single crystalline substrate using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. We investigated the structural, electrical, dielectric, and pyroelectric properties of the above-mentioned fabricated heterostructures. The wide range of θ–2θ X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns only shows (00l) reflection peaks of heterostructures and the substrate which confirmed that the films are highly c-axis oriented. We are also capable to convert the low-grade waste-heat into electrical energy by measuring various temperature-dependent ferroelectric hysteresis loops of our nanostructure films via pyroelectric Ericsson cycles and the structures show an energy conversion density ~ 10,970 kJ/m3 per cycle. These devices exhibit a large pyroelectric current density of ~ 25 mA/m2 with 11.8 °C of temperature fluctuation and the corresponding pyroelectric coefficient of 3425 μC/m2K. Our research findings suggest that these lead-free relaxor-ferroelectric heterostructures might be the potential candidates to harvest electrical energy from waste low-grade thermal energy.
Automated spectroscopic modelling with optimised convolutional neural networks
Authors: Shen Zefang , Viscarra Rossel R. A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConvolutional neural networks (CNN) for spectroscopic modelling are currently tuned manually, and the effects of their hyperparameters are not analysed. These can result in sub-optimal models. Here, we propose an approach to tune one-dimensional CNN (1D-CNNs) automatically. It consists of a parametric representation of 1D-CNNs and an optimisation of hyperparameters to maximise a model’s performance. We used a large European soil spectroscopic database to demonstrate our approach for estimating soil organic carbon (SOC) contents. To assess the optimisation, we compared it to random search, and to understand the effects of the hyperparameters, we calculated their importance using functional Analysis of Variance. Compared to random search, the optimisation produced better final results and showed faster convergence. The optimal model produced the most accurate estimates of SOC with $$\hbox {RMSE} = 9.67 \pm 0.51$$

RMSE
=
9.67
±
0.51

(s.d.) and $${R}^2 = 0.89 \pm 0.013$$

R

2

=
0.89
±
0.013

(s.d.). The hyperparameters associated with model training and architecture critically affected the model’s performance, while those related to the spectral preprocessing had little effect. The optimisation searched through a complex hyperparameter space and returned an optimal 1D-CNN. Our approach simplified the development of 1D-CNNs for spectroscopic modelling by automatically selecting hyperparameters and preprocessing methods. Hyperparameter importance analysis shed light on the tuning process and increased the model’s reliability.
Description of first nursery area for a pygmy devil ray species (Mobula munkiana) in the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Palacios Marta D. , Hoyos-Padilla Edgar M. , Trejo-Ramírez Abel , Croll Donald A. , Galván-Magaña Felipe , Zilliacus Kelly M. , O’Sullivan John B. , Ketchum James T. , González-Armas Rogelio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMunk’s pygmy devil rays (Mobula munkiana) are medium-size, zooplanktivorous filter feeding, elasmobranchs characterized by aggregative behavior, low fecundity and delayed reproduction. These traits make them susceptible to targeted and by-catch fisheries and are listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. Multiple studies have examined fisheries impacts, but nursery areas or foraging neonate and juvenile concentrations have not been examined. This study describes the first nursery area for M. munkiana at Espiritu Santo Archipelago, Mexico. We examined spatial use of a shallow bay during 22 consecutive months in relation to environmental patterns using traditional tagging (n = 95) and acoustic telemetry (n = 7). Neonates and juveniles comprised 84% of tagged individuals and their residency index was significantly greater inside than outside the bay; spending a maximum of 145 consecutive days within the bay. Observations of near-term pregnant females, mating behavior, and neonates indicate an April to June pupping period. Anecdotal photograph review indicated that the nursery area is used by neonates and juveniles across years. These findings confirm, for the first time, the existence of nursery areas for Munk’s pygmy devil rays and the potential importance of shallow bays during early life stages for the conservation of this species.
Nanoscale observation of PM2.5 incorporated into mammalian cells using scanning electron-assisted dielectric microscope
Authors: Okada Tomoko , Iwayama Tomoaki , Murakami Shinya , Torimura Masaki , Ogura Toshihiko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPM2.5 has been correlated with risk factors for various diseases and infections. It promotes tissue injury by direct effects of particle components. However, effects of PM2.5 on cells have not been fully investigated. Recently, we developed a novel imaging technology, scanning electron-assisted dielectric-impedance microscopy (SE-ADM), which enables observation of various biological specimens in aqueous solution. In this study, we successfully observed PM2.5 incorporated into living mammalian cells in culture media. Our system directly revealed the process of PM2.5 aggregation in the cells at a nanometre resolution. Further, we found that the PM2.5 aggregates in the intact cells were surrounded by intracellular membrane-like structures of low-density in the SE-ADM images. Moreover, the PM2.5 aggregates were shown by confocal Raman microscopy to be located inside the cells rather than on the cell surface. We expect our method to be applicable to the observation of various nanoparticles inside cells in culture media.