bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing Activities on Birth Outcomes are Evident in a Non-Individualized County-Wide Aggregate Data Sample from Colorado
Authors: Erickson Chrystal L. , Barron Ileana G. , Zapata Isain 
Published: October 2021

Background There is growing concern about the recent increase in oil and gas development using hydraulic fracturing. Studies linking adverse birth outcomes and maternal proximity to hydraulic fracturing wells exist but tend to use individualized maternal and infant data contained in protected health care records. In this study, we extended the findings of these past studies to evaluate if analogous effects detected with individualized data could be detected from non-individualized county-wide aggregated data. Design and methods This study used a retrospective cohort of 252,502 birth records from 1999 to 2019 gathered from a subset sample of 5 counties in the state of Colorado where hydraulic fracturing activities were conducted. We used Generalized Linear Models to evaluate the effect of county-wide well density and production data over unidentified birth weight, and prematurity data. Covariates used in the model were county-wide statistics sourced from the US Census. Results Our modeling approach showed an interesting effect where hydraulic fracturing exposure metrics have a mixed effect directional response. This effect was detected on birth weight when well density, production and their interaction are accounted for. The interaction effect provides an additional interpretation to discrepancies reported previously in the literature. Our approach only detected a positive association to prematurity with increased production. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate two main points: First, the effect of hydraulic fracturing is detectable by using countywide unidentified data. Second, the effect of hydraulic fracturing can be complicated by the number of operations and the intensity of the activities in the area.
Virtual Microscopy
Authors: Vatchala Rani R.M. , Manjunath B.C. , Bajpai Manas , Sharma Rohit , Gupta Pooja , Bhargava Akshay 
Published: October 2021

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to provide an overview of the feasibility, utility, merits, and demerits of virtual microscopy (VM) in pathological diagnostics and (2) to evaluate its advantages in dental and medical teaching over conventional microscopes.

Materials and Methods:
A literature survey was carried out in August 2020 in electronic databases such as PubMed using keywords such as virtual microscopy and whole slide imaging. The searches revealed 956 articles out of which 36 were selected after reading the full-text articles.

Results:
The review of 36 articles revealed that VM or whole-slide imaging (WSI) allows access to entire scanned sections of tissue that can be viewed on a computer in exactly the same way as conventional glass slides with a microscope and can be explored at several magnifications. VM offers many advantages like ease of accessibility through the Internet anytime or in any place, and moreover, the virtual slide does not get damaged or fade away like glass slide. Since it increases learning and comprehension, virtual microscopes have been used extensively in dental and medical education.

Conclusions:
VM opens a new world in tissue-based diagnosis through digitization of slides. The experiences of telepathology applications have already proved that it is a promising technology which has been adopted by histopathologists and cytologists across the world and contributing immensely to telepathology consultation in underserved areas. It is a feasible, valid, and approved technology for pathological diagnosis.
Mental health knowledge among rural school students
Authors: Kumar Parveen , Tiwari Deepak Sachidanand , Kanabar Bhavesh R , Patel Vishal Kanhiyalal , Chanpa Nirav Bhupendraderbhai , Vasavada Disha Alkeshbhai 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Mental health is an integral and essential component of health. Asian culture shares multiple false beliefs that mental illness occurs as a result of loss of semen or vaginal secretion, less sexual desire, excessive masturbation, God's punishment, possession of spirits, etc., People in rural area think that mental illnesses are untreatable. Less knowledge about mental illness is associated with more social discrimination, less choice for friendship, considering mentally ill persons as dangerous, and unable to maintain regular job.

Aims:
The present study aimed to explore the knowledge about mental health and related problems among the rural school students of class 9th to 12th standard.

Methodology:
A total of 3478 students of 9th–12th class from a rural school participated in the study. The mental health knowledge of the students was assessed using the Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics of different variables were used for analysis.

Results:
Most of the students have knowledge about the components of health and mental health, age of occurrence of mental disorders, and when psychological services should be sought. Students lack knowledge about causes, prevention, and treatment related to mental disorders. Few students have knowledge about “mental health promotion days.”

Conclusion:
This study provides an empirical assessment of students' knowledge about mental health and illness. There is a need of education programs to improve the knowledge and attitude of students toward mental illnesses.
Psychological impact of lung cancer
Authors: Dutta Kashish , Saini Varinder , Gupta Nitin , Garg Kranti 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Lung cancer patients and caregivers suffer psychological side effects that encompass poorer treatment outcomes, and are associated with negative quality of life outcomes. Therefore, psychological screening and appropriate intervention of both patients and caregiver is an essential part of advanced cancer care.

Aims and Objectives:
To assess for psychological distress and its correlates in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients and their caregivers.

Materials and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional study conducted among 40 lung cancer patients and their caregivers. The patients and caregivers were administered psychological questionnaire, and their psychological attributes were thus studied. Normality of quantitative data was checked by measures of Kolmogorov Smirnov tests. Comparisons for two groups were made by t-test. Proportions were compared using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test whichever applicable.

Results:
Twenty nine patients (72.5%) and twenty five caregivers (62.5%) had GHQ>=3 (P value=0.34). Nineteen patients (47.5%) and twenty one caregivers (52.5%) were diagnosed as having psychiatric diagnosis (P value=0.65). Sex, educational level, residence, and monthly income did not have any significant association with the psychological comorbidities. The other psychiatric scales used had a significant correlation with the results of GHQ and psychiatric morbidity (P value=0.00).

Conclusions:
Psychological comorbidities are found in lung cancer patients and their caregivers to a significant extent. The treating physicians should screen lung cancer patients and their caregivers for psychological comorbidities and manage them adequately.
Association of Depression/Anxiety and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Gadia Pankaj , Koolwal Ghanshyam Das , Awasthi Ankit 
Published: October 2021

Context:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is emerging as a public health problem globally. Depression and anxiety are commonly seen in patients with CKD who are undergoing hemodialysis, and these ailments deteriorate the quality of life (QoL) of these patients.

Aims:
The present study aimed to determine the association between depression/anxiety and QoL in CKD patients.

Settings and Design:
This cross-sectional study was conducted at the nephrology department of the institution on 100 patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this study. Informed consent was taken prior to enrollment for the study.

Materials and Methods:
After seeking sociodemographic information, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was applied to screen for and to assess the severity of anxiety and depression, while the World Health Organization-QOL Assessment BREF questionnaire was administered to measure the subjective QoL. Data collected were subjected to suitable statistical analysis.

Results:
The prevalence of depression and anxiety among CKD patients was 66% and 61%, respectively. CKD patients with depression and anxiety had worse scores on all domains of QoL questionnaire. Both depression and anxiety negatively correlated with all domains of QoL.

Conclusions:
Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent in patients with CKD, and patients afflicted with the above had impaired QoL.
Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitude of Medical Students Concerning Genetics and Premarital Screening
Authors: Aga Syed Sameer , Alghamdi Yara Abdulaziz , Alghamdi Amal Abdullah , Khan Muhammad Anwar 
Published: October 2021

Objectives:
The objectives of the study are to evaluate the medical students' knowledge, awareness, and attitude of genetics and genetic testing in general and premarital screening (PMS) in particular.

Materials and Methods:
An online predesigned, validated, and self-administered questionnaire was dispensed to all medical students of our university. This included questions regarding sociodemographic data, genetics, genetic testing, and PMS.

Results:
A total of 302 students responded to the survey with a mean age of 21.68 ± 2.32 (standard deviation) of which 38.7% were males and 61.3% were females. 51 (16.9%) students were from Phase I, 124 (41.1%) from Phase II, 127 (42.1%) from Phase III of College of Medicine KSAU-HS, Jeddah Campus. 224 (74.2%) of the participants had no direct relationship between the parents and 23 (7.6%) had personal history of hereditary disease. About 86.1% of students knew that genetic counseling is available in the Kingdom and 83.4% were familiar with PMS. Majority of students (female = 83.2%; male = 84.6%) did perceive that consanguinity can increase the chance of hereditary diseases. Overwhelming majority (female = 94.1%; male = 85.4%) agreed to make PMS obligatory before marriage, 87.4% of which were Phase III students. However, only a minority of students disagreed with marriage to be allowed even if the result of PMS came incompatible and most agreed to carrying out PMS which contrasts what others have reported.

Conclusions:
Majority of students had a positive attitude toward PMS, much higher than previously reported, thereby reflecting upon the importance of medical education as a lynchpin between the knowledge and practice.
Evaluasi Perencanaan Dan Pengadaan Obat Di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Mitra Siaga Kabupaten Tegal
Authors: Safitri Tiara Fany , Permadi Yulian Wahyu , Rahmatullah St. 
Published: October 2021

Manajemen pengelolaa obat sangatlah berperan penting dalam meningkatkan pelayanan kefarmasian di Instalasi farmasi rumah sakit dan salah satu aspek untuk menentukan suksesnya program pengobatan secara rasional di Rumah Sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan standar pelayanan pengelolaan sediaan farmasi terkair proses perencanaan dan pengadaan obat yang sesuai dengan Petunjuk Teknis Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian Di Rumah Sakit 2019. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling sebanyak 11 responden dengan pengambilan data menggunakan kuisioner dan wawancara dengan kepala IFRS. Hasil evaluasi dari penelitian ini bahwa perencanaan kebutuhan sesuai (100%) dan proses pengadaan obat (90,5%) sesuai Petunjuk Teknis Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Rumah Sakit 2019.
Model Pembelajaran Daring Peserta Didik Sekolah Dasar di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Toharudin Moh. , Amalia Dian Luthfiatul 
Published: October 2021

Pandemi covid-19 menuntut semua aktivitas dilakukan secara daring termasuk pendidikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan model belajar secara daring selama pandemi covid-19 dan mengetahui kendala dalam pembelajaran daring di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif studi kasus yang dilaksanakan di SDN Cikakak 01. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Informan dari penelitian ini yaitu guru kelas, peserta didik dan wali murid. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran daring yang dilaksanakan SD Negeri Cikakak 01 Banjarharjo Brebes adalah blended daring dan luring. Pembelajaran daring dilakukan melalui grup whatsapp pada masing-masing kelas yang dikoordinir oleh guru kelas. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring, guru memberikan materi dengan foto-foto materi dan video youtube yang diunggah pada group whatsapp. Selanjutnya untuk penugasan juga melalui group Whatsapp dan dikumpulkan kesekolah sesuai dengan jadwal yang sudah dibuat. Kendala dalam pembelajaran daring melalui wahtsapp yaitu pembelajaran masih dirasa kurang efektif untuk muatan matematika dan kelas rendah.
Manajemen Pendidikan di Sekolah Dasar dalam Pengembangan Kewirausahaan
Authors: Hasanah Nur Zaytun , Nurafni Nurafni 
Published: October 2021

Guru memiliki andil yang sangat besar terhadap keberhasilan siswa di sekolah dalam mengembangkan minat kewirausahaan. Kepala sekolah juga berperan penting dalam membantu para guru mewujudkan minat siswa dalam pengembangan kewirausahaan. Akan tetapi, di era sekarang ini masih ada sekolah-sekolah yang belum maksimal dalam mengembangkan minat kewirausahaan pada jiwa siswa. Sehingga, angka pengangguran di Indonesia semakin lama semakin meningkat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menginterpretasikan pentingnya manajemen pendidikan dalam pengembangan kewirausahaan. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian deskripsi kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu metode observasi, metode dokumentasi dan metode wawancara. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan ialah Miles, Huberman dan Saldana dengan tahapan koleksi data, kondensasi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengembangan kewirausahaan yang dilaksanakan di SD Muhammadiah Pakem dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, diantaranya: 1) membekali guru dengan materi kewirausahaan; 2) mengintegrasikan dalam muatan pelajaran; 3) menyediakan sarana dan fasilitas pendukung; 4) membuat kegiatan berbasis kewirausahaan, serta 5) bekerja dengan orang tua.
Implementasi Gerakan Literasi pada Sekolah Ramah Anak
Authors: Yuliyanti Meri , Triputra Dedi Romli 
Published: October 2021

Gerakan literasi sekolah (GLS) merupakan suatu program yang telah dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah guna menumbuhkan budaya literasi dan pembiasaan perilaku positif kepada seluruh warga sekolah. Implementasi GLS diperlukan konsep sekolah yang ramah anak (SRA), agar dalam pelaksanaannya dapat berjalan secara optimal. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan tahapan pelaksanaan dan penggunaan program penunjang GLS pada SRA. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus yang dilaksanakan di SD Negeri Brebes 03. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data mengacu pada model analisis Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, 1) implementasi GLS pada SRA terdapat tiga tahapan yaitu tahap pembiasaan, tahap pengembangan, dan tahap pembelajaran, disetiap tahapan pelaksanaan terdapat faktor pendukung dan penghambat. 2) penggunaan program penunjang seperti, pembiasaan membaca 15 menit, perpustakaan sekolah, sudut baca ramah anak, ruang kelas yang kaya teks literasi dan ramah anak, pembuatan mading, perpustakaan keliling daerah, dan pengadaan lomba literasi, yang dalam penggunaannya tidak lepas dari konsep ramah anak dengan memperhatikan karakteristik anak, kebutuhan sekolah, dan ketersediaan prasarana pendukung yang ada di SD Negeri Brebes 03.
Makna Pembelajaran Daring selama Pandemi Covid-19 bagi Peserta Didik yang Tidak Memiliki Smartphone
Authors: Fadlilah Annisa Nurul , Setiyoko Didik Tri , Pranoto Budi Adjar 
Published: October 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui makna pembelajaran daring selama pandemi covid-19 bagi peserta didik yang tidak memiliki smartphone. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan observasi partisipatif, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Keabsahan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa : faktor ekonomi dan tertinggal perkembangan teknologi adalah faktor utama bagi peserta didik yang tidak memiliki smartphone untuk mengikuti pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring selama pandemi covid-19. Peserta didik yang tidak memiliki smartphone perlu berinteraksi dengan sesama teman yang telah memiliki smartphone untuk memperoleh informasi (Mind). Dilihat dari bagaimana peserta didik berkomunikasi dengan guru, orang tua, dan teman sebaya, diri seseorang muncul dan berkembang melalui aktivitas dan hubungan sosial (Self). Peserta didik yang tidak memiliki smartphone diharapkan mampu berinteraksi dengan peserta didi yang telah memiliki smartphone agar dapat mengikuti pembelajaran daring (Society). Akan tetapi, dengan kondisi seperti ini peserta didik yang tidak memiliki smartphone cenderung kurang aktif dalam belajar dikarenakan tidak bebas melihat materi pembelajaran pada smartphone temannya, selain itu peserta tersebut juga cenderung minder yang menyebabkan kurangnya semangat dalam belajar.
Effect of Instructional Nursing Strategies on Endometriosis Symptoms
Authors: Mohamed Asmaa M. , Mehaseb Shadia H. , Ibrahim Randa M. 
Published: October 2021

Context: Endometriosis is a chronic and incurable condition associated with debilitating pain and sub-fertility that affects approximately 176 million women worldwide.
Aim: To measure the effect of instructional nursing strategies on endometriosis symptoms.
Methods: A quasi-experimental (pre/post-test) design was utilized. The study was conducted at gynecological clinics at Ain shams University Maternity Hospital. A purposive sample of sixty women who meet the criteria of the study. Data were collected through three tools; endometriosis structured interviewing questionnaire, endometriosis health profile questionnaire, in addition to women compliance follow up record.
Results: The study sample age was 32.47±5.24. There was a highly statistically significant improvement in women's knowledge regarding endometriosis after implementing instructional nursing strategy and at follow-up time compared to their knowledge before it at p-value ≥0.001. Also, there was a highly statistically significant improvement in women's practices to alleviate endometriosis symptoms after three months of implementing instructional nursing strategy compared to their self-care practices before it at p-value 0.001. Moreover, women who followed instructional nursing strategies had highly statistically significant improvement on endometriosis-related symptoms, pain, and fatigue after implementing the instructional nursing strategy at p-value ≥0.001.
Conclusion: Women with endometriosis who follow instructional nursing strategies will have fewer symptoms, better knowledge, and improved self-care practices. An awareness program should be developed to upraise women's knowledge regarding endometriosis, and self-care management is recommended.
Low Dose Spinal dan Epidural untuk Seksio Sesarea Pasien dengan Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Ariani Devi , Isngadi Isngadi 
Published: October 2021

Wanita hamil dengan penyakit jantung bawaan terjadi perubahan hemodinamik peningkatan kardiovaskular, perhatian dan terapi yang khusus dibutuhkan. Penambahan obat opioid meningkatkan dosis anestesi lokal, hemodinamik stabil, meningkatkan efek analgetik. Kasus: Satu, wanita 26 tahun gravida 30–32 minggu, PDA besar L-R shunt, hipertropi konsentrik ventrikel kiri, trivial atrium regurgitasi, pulmonal regurgitasi sedang, trikuspid regurgitasi sedang, pulmonal hipertensi berat, EF 57%. Dua, wanita 22 tahun gravida 37–38 minggu, preterm premature rupture of membrane, PDA besar L-R shunt, pulmonal hipertensi berat, penurunan fungsi sistolik ventrikel kiri, EF 54%, bekas seksio sesarea. Keduanya menggunakan teknik regional anestesi dosis rendah. Pembahasan: Teknik menggunakan combine spinal epidural (CSE) dengan spinal 5 mg bupivacain heavy 0,5% dan fentanyl 50 mcg, epidural bupivacain 0,125% dan fentanyl 30 mcg meningkatkan anestesi untuk seksio sesarea, dan hemodinamik stabil pada pasien kelainan katup. Opioid intratekal mereduksi anestesi lokal dan hipotensi, kemampuan anestesi terjaga. Simpulan: Dosis rendah CSE dengan 5 mg bupivacain heavy 0,5 % dan 50 mcg, dengan epidural bupivacain 0,125% dan fentanyl 30 mcg adekuat untuk pasien seksio sesarea dengan kelainan jantung.

Low-dose Spinal and Epidural Patients for Caesarean Section Patients with Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Abstract
Pregnant women with congenital heart diseases hemodynamic changes during pregnancy increasing cardiovascular, it’s need attention and special treatment. Opiod addition scan decrease the dose of local anesthetic drugs, prevent hemodynamic fluctuation, increase the analgesia effect. Case: First case, female 26 years with gravida 30-32 weeks with large PDA Left to Right shunt, consentrik left ventrikel hipertrophy, trivial atrium regurgitation, moderate pulmonal regurgitation, moderate tricuspid regurgitation, severe pulmonal hypertension, EF 57%. Second case, female 22 years with gravida 37-38 weeks, PPROM , large PDA Left to Right shunt, pulmonal hypertension severe, function systolic left ventrikel decreasing, EF 54%, former section caesaria. Both of them undergoing section caesaria with low dose regional anesthesia. Discussion: In this case with used CSE with Spinal 5 mg Bupivacaine heavy 0,5 % and fentanyl 50 mcg, Epidural bupivacain 0,125 % and fentanyl 30 mcg provided adequate anaesthesia for section cesarean delivery, and haemodynamic stability in patient with valvular cardiac disease. The synergism between intrathecal opioid sareductionin the dose of local anaesthetic and reduce hypotension, while still maintaining adequate anaesthesia. Conclussion: Low dose CSE with 5 mg bupivacaine heavy 0,5% and fentanyl 50 mcg, and epidural bupivacain 0,125% and fentanyl 30 mcg provided adequate for sectio cesarian patient with cardiac disease, with stable of haemodynamic.