bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Age Does Not Impact Outcomes After 1-level or 2-level Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Wadhwa Harsh , Oquendo Yousi A. , Tigchelaar Seth S. , Warren Shay I. , Koltsov Jayme C.B. , Desai Atman , Veeravagu Anand , Alamin Todd F. , Ratliff John K. , Hu Serena S. , Cheng Ivan 
Published: November 2021

Study Design:
This was a retrospective comparative study.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of increased age on perioperative and postoperative complication rates, reoperation rates, and patient-reported pain and disability scores after lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF).

Summary of Background Data:
LLIF was developed to minimize soft tissue trauma and reduce the risk of vascular injury; however, there is little evidence regarding the effect of advanced age on outcomes of LLIF.

Methods:
Patients who underwent LLIF from 2009 to 2019 at one institution with a minimum 6-month follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. Patients less than 18 years old with musculoskeletal tumor or trauma were excluded. The primary outcome was the preoperative to postoperative change in the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for back pain. Operative time, estimated blood loss, length of stay, perioperative and 90-day complications, unplanned readmissions, reoperations, and change in Oswestry Disability Index were also evaluated. Relationships with age were assessed both with age as a continuous variable and segmenting by age below 70 versus 70+.

Results:
In total, 279 patients were included. The median age was 65±13 years and 159 (57%) were female. Age was not related to improvements in back NPRS and Oswestry Disability Index. Operative time, estimated blood loss, length of stay, perioperative and 90-day complications, unplanned readmissions, reoperations, and radiographic fusion rate also were not related to age. After multivariable risk adjustment, increasing age was associated with greater improvements in back NPRS. The decrease in back NPRS was 0.68 (95% confidence interval: 0.14, 1.22; P=0.014) points greater for every 10-year increase in age. Age was not associated with rates of complication, readmission, or reoperation.

Conclusions:
LLIF is a safe and effective procedure in the elderly population. Advanced age is associated with larger improvements in preoperative back pain. Surgeons should consider the benefits of LLIF and other minimally invasive techniques when evaluating elderly candidates for lumbar fusion.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Incidence of Workers’ Compensation Claims in Opioid-Using Truck Drivers
Authors: Scholl Lindsay S. , Thiese Matthew S. , Handy Rodney 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
This study examines the relationship between opioid use prevalence and subsequent filing of workers’ compensation claims.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study design was utilized to examine data from drivers’ initial commercial driver medical exam, employment data, and workers’ compensation claims data.

Results:
Data from 57,733 over 7 years were analyzed. Drivers who reported opioid use at their initial medical exam visit filed subsequent workers’ compensation claims 1.81 times sooner (P = 0.0001; 95% CI 1.34, 2.44) than drivers who did not report opioid use at their CDME when controlling for age, gender, BMI, and diastolic blood pressure.

Conclusions:
These findings provide information that may aid in improving regulations to control for incidents, training programs to inform professional drivers of factors that increase accident risk and educating prescribers about increased risks of injury among opioid-using drivers.
Predictors of Prolonged Fluoroscopy Exposure in Pediatric Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Liu Quin Y. , Ruan Wenly , Fishman Douglas S. , Barth Bradley A. , Tsai Cynthia Man‐Wai , Giefer Matthew J. , Kim Kyung Mo , Martinez Mercedes , Dall'Oglio Luigi , De Angelis Paola , Torroni Filippo , Faraci Simona , Bitton Sam , Wilsey Michael , Khalaf Racha T. , Werlin Steven , Dua Kulwinder , Huang Clifton , Gugig Roberto , Mamula Petar , Fox Victor L. , Grover Amit S. , Quiros J. Antonio , Zheng Yuhua , Troendle David M. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and Aims:Ionizing radiation exposure during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an important quality issue especially in children. We aim to identify factors associated with extended fluoroscopy time (FT) in children undergoing ERCP.Methods:ERCP on children <18 years from 15 centers were entered prospectively into a REDCap database from May 2014 until May 2018. Data were retrospectively evaluated for outcome and quality measures. A univariate and step‐wise linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with increased FT.Results:1073 ERCPs performed in 816 unique patients met inclusion criteria. Median age was 12.2 years (interquartile range [IQR] 9.3–15.8). 767 (71%) patients had native papillae. The median FT was 120 seconds (IQR 60–240). Factors associated with increased FT included procedures performed on patients with chronic pancreatitis, ERCPs with American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) difficulty grade >3, ERCPs performed by pediatric gastroenterologist (GI) with adult GI supervision, and ERCPs performed at non‐free standing children's hospitals. Hispanic ethnicity was the only factor associated with lower FT.Conclusion:Several factors were associated with prolonged FTs in pediatric ERCP that differed from adult studies. This underscores that adult quality indicators cannot always be translated to pediatric patients. This data can better identify children with higher risk for radiation exposure and improve quality outcomes during pediatric ERCP.
Mental Health Mediates the Association Between Gender-Based Violence and HIV Treatment Engagement in US Women
Authors: Conroy Amy A. , Jain Jennifer P. , Sheira Lila , Frongillo Edward A. , Neilands Torsten B. , Cohen Mardge H. , Wilson Tracey E. , Chandran Aruna , Adimora Adaora A. , Kassaye Seble , Sheth Anandi N. , Fischl Margaret A. , Adedimeji Adebola , Turan Janet M. , Tien Phyllis C. , Weiser Sheri D. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Gender-based violence (GBV) is associated with poorer engagement in HIV care and treatment. However, there is a dearth of research on the psychological (eg, mental health) and structural (eg, food insecurity) factors that mediate and moderate this association. GBV could lead to poor mental health, which in turn affects adherence, whereas food insecurity could worsen the effect of GBV on engagement in care. This study uses data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study to address these gaps.

Methods:
Women completed 6 assessments from 2013 to 2016 on GBV, mental health, food insecurity, adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and missed HIV care appointments in the past 6 months. Multilevel logistic regression models estimated associations between GBV and engagement in care and whether associations were mediated by depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and moderated by food insecurity.

Results:
GBV was associated with higher odds of suboptimal adherence (adjusted odds ratio: 1.88; 95% confidence interval: 1.24 to 2.87) and missed appointments (adjusted odds ratio: 1.76; 95% confidence interval: 1.16 to 2.67). The association between GBV and adherence was mediated by depressive symptoms, GAD, and PTSD, accounting for 29.7%, 15.0%, and 16.5%, respectively, of the total association. The association between GBV and missed appointments was mediated by depression and GAD, but not PTSD, with corresponding figures of 25.2% and 19.7%. Associations did not differ by food insecurity.

Conclusions:
GBV is associated with suboptimal engagement in care, which may be explained by mental health. Interventions should address women's mental health needs, regardless of food insecurity, when improving engagement in HIV care.
Voice modulation: from origin and mechanism to social impact
Authors: Leongómez Juan David , Pisanski Katarzyna , Reby David , Sauter Disa , Lavan Nadine , Perlman Marcus , Varella Valentova Jaroslava 
Published: November 2021

Research on within-individual modulation of vocal cues is surprisingly scarce outside of human speech. Yet, voice modulation serves diverse functions in human and nonhuman nonverbal communication, from dynamically signalling motivation and emotion, to exaggerating physical traits such as body size and masculinity, to enabling song and musicality. The diversity of anatomical, neural, cognitive and behavioural adaptations necessary for the production and perception of voice modulation make it a critical target for research on the origins and functions of acoustic communication. This diversity also implicates voice modulation in numerous disciplines and technological applications. In this two-part theme issue comprising 21 articles from leading and emerging international researchers, we highlight the multidisciplinary nature of the voice sciences. Every article addresses at least two, if not several, critical topics: (i) development and mechanisms driving vocal control and modulation; (ii) cultural and other environmental factors affecting voice modulation; (iii) evolutionary origins and adaptive functions of vocal control including cross-species comparisons; (iv) social functions and real-world consequences of voice modulation; and (v) state-of-the-art in multidisciplinary methodologies and technologies in voice modulation research. With this collection of works, we aim to facilitate cross-talk across disciplines to further stimulate the burgeoning field of voice modulation.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Voice modulation: from origin and mechanism to social impact (Part I)’.
Voice modulatory cues to structure across languages and species
Authors: Matzinger Theresa , Fitch W. Tecumseh 
Published: November 2021

Voice modulatory cues such as variations in fundamental frequency, duration and pauses are key factors for structuring vocal signals in human speech and vocal communication in other tetrapods. Voice modulation physiology is highly similar in humans and other tetrapods due to shared ancestry and shared functional pressures for efficient communication. This has led to similarly structured vocalizations across humans and other tetrapods. Nonetheless, in their details, structural characteristics may vary across species and languages. Because data concerning voice modulation in non-human tetrapod vocal production and especially perception are relatively scarce compared to human vocal production and perception, this review focuses on voice modulatory cues used for speech segmentation across human languages, highlighting comparative data where available. Cues that are used similarly across many languages may help indicate which cues may result from physiological or basic cognitive constraints, and which cues may be employed more flexibly and are shaped by cultural evolution. This suggests promising candidates for future investigation of cues to structure in non-human tetrapod vocalizations.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Voice modulation: from origin and mechanism to social impact (Part I)’.
Across demographics and recent history, most parents sing to their infants and toddlers daily
Authors: Yan Ran , Jessani Ghazal , Spelke Elizabeth S. , de Villiers Peter , de Villiers Jill , Mehr Samuel A. 
Published: November 2021

Music is universally prevalent in human society and is a salient component of the lives of young families. Here, we studied the frequency of singing and playing recorded music in the home using surveys of parents with infants (N= 945). We found that most parents sing to their infant on a daily basis and the frequency of infant-directed singing is unrelated to parents’ income or ethnicity. Two reliable individual differences emerged, however: (i) fathers sing less than mothers and (ii) as infants grow older, parents sing less. Moreover, the latter effect of child age was specific to singing and was not reflected in reports of the frequency of playing recorded music. Last, we meta-analysed reports of the frequency of infant-directed singing and found little change in its frequency over the past 30 years, despite substantial changes in the technological environment in the home. These findings, consistent with theories of the psychological functions of music, in general, and infant-directed singing, in particular, demonstrate the everyday nature of music in infancy.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Voice modulation: from origin and mechanism to social impact (Part I)’.
Examining the Ensembles of Amyloid-β Monomer Variants and their Propensities to Form Fibers Using an Energy Landscape Visualization Method
Authors: Sanches Murilo N. , Knapp Kaitlin , Oliveira Antonio B. , Wolynes Peter G. , Onuchic José N. , Leite Vitor B. P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe amyloid-β (Aβ) monomer, an intrinsically disordered peptide, is produced by the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein, leading to Aβ40 and Aβ42 as major products. These two isoforms generate pathological aggregates, whose accumulation correlates with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Experiments have shown that even though the natural abundance of Aβ42 is smaller than that for Aβ40, the Aβ42 is more aggregation-prone compared to Aβ40. Moreover, several single-point mutations are associated with early-onset forms of AD. This work analyzes coarse-grained AWSEM simulations of normal Aβ40 and Aβ42 monomers, along with six single-point mutations associated with early on set disease. We analyzed the simulations using the Energy Landscape Visualization Method (ELViM), a reaction coordinate-free approach suited to explore the frustrated energy landscapes of intrinsically disordered proteins. ELViM is shown to distinguish the monomer ensembles of variants that rapidly form fibers from those that do not form fibers as readily. It also delineates the amino-acid contacts characterizing each ensemble. The results shed light on the potential of ELViM to probe intrinsically disordered proteins.
The non-specific Lipid Transfer Protein (nsLTP) is involved at early and late stages of symbiosis between Alnus glutinosa and Frankia alni
Authors: Gasser Mélanie , Alloisio Nicole , Fournier Pascale , Balmand Severine , Kharrat Ons , Tulumello Joris , Heddi Abdelaziz , Silva Pedro Da , Normand Philippe , Boubakri Hasna , Pujic Petar 
Published: November 2021

SummaryAlnus glutinosa response to Frankia alni is driven by several sequential physiological modifications that include calcium spiking, root hair deformation, penetration, induction of primordium, formation and growth of nodule. Here, we have conducted a transcriptomic study to analyse plant responses to Frankia alni at early stages of symbiosis establishment.Forty-two genes were significantly activated by either with a Frankia culture supernatant or with living cells separated from the roots by a dialysis membrane permitted to identify plant genes which expression changes upon early contact with Frankia. Most of these genes encode biological processes, including oxidative stress and response to stimuli. The most upregulated gene is the non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) encoding gene with a fold change of 141. Physiological experiments showed that nsLTP increases Frankia nitrogen fixation at sub-lethal concentration. Immunohistochemistry experiments conducted at an early infection stage indicated that nsLTP protein is localized at the deformed root hair region after Frankia inoculation and later in nodules, precisely around bacterial vesicles. Taken together, these results suggest that nsLTP acts at early and late stages of symbiosis, probably by increasing nitrogen uptake by Frankia.
Predictions and experimental tests of a new biophysical model of the mammalian respiratory oscillator
Authors: Phillips Ryan S. , Koizumi Hidehiko , Molkov Yaroslav I. , Rubin Jonathan E. , Smith Jeffrey C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPreviously our computational modeling studies (Phillips et al., 2019) proposed that neuronal persistent sodium current (INaP) and calcium-activated non-selective cation current (ICAN) are key biophysical factors that, respectively, generate inspiratory rhythm and burst pattern in the mammalian preBötzinger complex (preBötC) respiratory oscillator. Here, we experimentally tested and confirmed three predictions of the model from new simulations concerning the roles of INaP and ICAN: (1) INaP and ICAN blockade have opposite effects on the relationship between network excitability and preBötC rhythmic activity; (2) INaP is essential for preBötC rhythmogenesis; (3) ICAN is essential for generating the amplitude of rhythmic output but not rhythm generation. These predictions were confirmed via optogenetic manipulations of preBötC network excitability during graded INaP or ICAN blockade by pharmacological manipulations in neonatal mouse slices in vitro. Our results support and advance the hypothesis that INaP and ICAN mechanistically underlie rhythm and inspiratory burst pattern generation, respectively, in the isolated preBötC.
Finger representations in primary somatosensory cortex are modulated by a vibrotactile working memory task
Authors: Rabe Finn , Kikkert Sanne , Wenderoth Nicole 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTIt is well-established that several cortical areas represent vibrotactile stimuli in somatotopic maps. However, whether such somatotopic representations remain active during the delay period of working memory (WM) tasks, i.e. in the absence of any tactile stimulation, is unknown. In our experiment, participants had to compare two tactile stimuli with different vibration frequencies that were separated by a delay period (memory condition) or they were exposed to identical stimuli but did not have to solve a WM task (no memory condition). Importantly, both vibrotactile stimuli were either applied to the right index or little finger. Analyzing the delay period, we identified a well-known fronto-parietal network of brain regions involved in WM but we did not find WM specific activity in S1. However, using multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) and representational similarity analysis (RSA), we found that S1 finger representations were more dissimilar during the delay period of the WM condition than during the control condition. These results indicate that WM processes modulate the representational geometry of S1 suggesting that some aspects of the tactile WM content are represented in a somatotopic fashion.HIGHLIGHTSMultivariate approaches were used to identify finger specific representational changes during vibrotactile frequency discrimination.Vibrotactile working memory modulates somatotopic finger representations in contralateral S1 during the delay period, i.e. in the absence of any tactile stimuli
Blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury alterations of corticotropin-releasing factor neuronal activity in the mouse hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus
Authors: Langlois Ludovic D. , Simmons Sarah , Oyola Mario , Gouty Shawn , Wu T. John , Nugent Fereshteh S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBlast-induced mild traumatic brain injury (mbTBI) is the most common cause of TBI in US service members and veterans. Those exposed to TBI are at greater risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depressive disorders, and substance use disorders following TBI [1, 2]. Previously, we have demonstrated that mbTBI increases anxiety-like behaviors in mice and dysregulates the stress at the level of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). To expand on how mTBI may dysregulate the stress axis centrally, here PVN CRF neuronal activity was evaluated using whole cell-patch clamp recordings in hypothalamic slices from sham and mbTBI adult male CRF:tdTomato mice 7 days post-injury. We found that mbTBI generally did not affect the neuronal excitability and intrinsic membrane properties of PVN CRF neurons; this injury selectively increased the frequency of spontaneous neuronal firing of PVN CRF neurons localized to the dorsal PVN (dPVN) but not ventral PVN (vPVN). Consistently, mbTBI-induced dPVN CRF hyperactivity was associated with pre- and post-synaptic depression of spontaneous GABAergic transmission onto dPVN CRF neurons suggesting that mbTBI-induced GABAergic synaptic dysfunction may underlie dPVN CRF neuronal hyperactivity and increases in dPVN CRF signaling. The present results provide the first evidence for mbTBI-induced alterations in PVN CRF neuronal activity and GABAergic synaptic function that could mediate hypothalamic CRF dysregulation following mbTBI contributing to stress psychopathology associated with blast injury.
Post-mating Refractoriness in Drosophila melanogaster Depends Upon Ecdysis Triggering Hormone Signaling
Authors: Meiselman Matthew R. , Ganguly Anindya , Dahanukar Anupama , Adams Michael E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn individual’s decision to engage in courtship depends on external cues from potential mates and internal cues related to maturation, health, and experience. Hormones allow such information to be conveyed to distal tissues in a coordinated fashion. Here, we show Ecdysis-Triggering Hormone (ETH) is a regulator of male courtship in Drosophila melanogaster, and critical for mate choice and courtship inhibition after the completion of copulation. Preventing ETH release increases male-male courtship and decreases post-copulation courtship inhibition (PCCI). Such aberrant male courtship behavior in ETH-deficient males appears to be the consequence of inabilityto integrate pheromone cues into decision making. Silencing of ETH receptor (ETHR) in GR32A-expressing neurons leads to reduced ligand sensitivity and elevated male-male courtship. We find OR67D is critical for suppression of courtship after mating, and ETHR silencing in OR67D-expressing neurons, and GR32A-expressing neurons to a lesser degree, elevates post-copulation courtship. Finally, ETHR silencing in the corpus allatum increases post-copulation courtship; treatment of with juvenile hormone analog partially restores normal post-mating behavior. ETH, a stress-sensitive reproductive hormone, appears to coordinate multiple sensory modalities to guide Drosophila male courtship behaviors, especially after mating.
Conserved and newly acquired roles of PIF1 homologs in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Simon-Moya Miguel , Barja M Victoria , Morelli Luca , Rosado Daniele , Qi Linlin , Diretto Gianfranco , Matus Tomás , Llorente Briardo , Martinez-Garcia Jaime F. , Goossens Alain , Rossi Magdalena , Rodriguez-Concepcion Manuel 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTPHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) are transcription factors that interact with the photoreceptors phytochromes and integrate multiple signaling pathways related to light, temperature, defense and hormone responses. PIFs have been extensively studied inArabidopsis thaliana, but less is known about their roles in other species. Here, we investigate the role of the two homologs of PIF1 found in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), namely PIF1a and PIF1b. Analysis of gene expression showed very different patterns, indicating a potential evolutionary divergence in their roles. At the protein level, light regulated the stability of PIF1a, but not PIF1b, further supporting a functional divergence. Phenotypic analyses of CRISPR-Cas9-generated tomato mutants defective in PIF1a or PIF1b or both revealed conserved and newly acquired roles compared to Arabidopsis PIF1. Both PIF1a or PIF1b were found to regulate seed germination, photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis and fruit production. However, only PIF1a-defective mutants showed defects on root hair elongation, flowering time and fruit growth and softening. We did not identify any process altered only in plants lacking PIF1b. Together, these data show that neofunctionalization has taken place in tomato, illustrating the potential of these transcription factors to acquiring new roles in different species.