bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tectonostratigraphic framework in the eastern Korean continental margin, East Sea: Implication for evolution of the Hupo Basin
Authors: Park Yongjoon , Kang Nyeonkeon , Yi Boyeon , Lee Gwangsoo , Yoo Donggeun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntegrating seismic interpretation facilitates the discernment of tectonostratigraphic evolution in the eastern Korean continental margin, East Sea. The sedimentary succession of this margin is divided into three major seismic units based on distinct unconformities. These unconformities and their associated seismic characteristics indicate that the eastern Korean continental margin has experienced four evolutionary stages through extensional and subsequent two‐phase tectonic inversions. Early Miocene back‐arc opening of the East Sea triggered the extension of NNW–SSE and N–S trending rifts, resulting in non‐marine to deep‐marine deposition of typical rift‐related linked sedimentological systems in the eastern Korean continental margin. In the early Late Miocene, changes in plate motion and the subduction mode of the Japanese island (NW–SE compression) caused the positive inversion of extensional fault‐bounded half‐grabens in the eastern Korean continental margin, and the Hupo Basin was likely created by the regional flexural response. During this depositional period, hemipelagic sedimentation accompanied by episodic gravity‐controlled slope failures was predominant in the deep‐water environment. The subsidence of the Hupo Basin was enhanced by crustal shortening (E–W compression) that was induced by subduction initiation at the western margin of the Ulleung Basin during the late Early Pliocene (ca. 3.8 Ma). At that time, sedimentary environment gradually became shallower with time and coarse‐grained terrigenous input into the Hupo Basin began so that shallow‐ to deep‐marine sedimentation occurred. In the Quaternary period, the uplift of the Hupo Bank and coeval subsidence of the Hupo Basin were maintained by continued compressive neotectonics. The shallow‐ to deep‐marine deposition continued, but greater quantities of coarse‐grained terrestrial sediment were transported into the Hupo Basin due to combined effects on tectonics and eustasy. Based on the tectonostratigraphic reconstruction developed in this study, we propose that the Hupo Basin is likely a Late Miocene–Quaternary compression‐related basin induced by crustal or thrust loading.
Decreased expression of T‐cell‐associated immune markers predicts poor prognosis in patients with follicular lymphoma
Authors: Rai Shinya , Inoue Hiroaki , Sakai Kazuko , Hanamoto Hitoshi , Matsuda Mitsuhiro , Maeda Yasuhiro , Haeno Takahiro , Watatani Yosaku , Kumode Takahiro , Serizawa Kentaro , Taniguchi Yasuhiro , Hirase Chikara , Espinoza J. Luis , Morita Yasuyoshi , Tanaka Hirokazu , Ashida Takashi , Tatsumi Yoichi , Nishio Kazuto , Matsumura Itaru 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe previously examined the utility of rituximab‐bendamustine (RB) in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) exhibiting less than optimal responses to 2 cycles of the R‐CHOP chemotherapy regimen. The aim of this study was to identify molecular biomarkers that can predict prognosis in RB‐treated patients in the context of the prospective cohort. We first analyzed the mutational status of 410 genes in diagnostic tumor specimens by target capture and Sanger sequencing. CREBBP, KMT2D, MEF2B, BCL2, EZH2, and CARD11 were recurrently mutated as reported before, however none was predictive for progression‐free survival (PFS) in the RB‐treated patients (n = 34). A gene expression analysis by nCounter including 800 genes associated with carcinogenesis and/or the immune response showed that expression levels of CD8+ T‐cell markers and half of the genes regulating Th1 and Th2 responses were significantly lower in progression of disease within the 24‐mo (POD24) group (n = 8) than in the no POD24 group (n = 31). Collectively, we selected 10 genes (TBX21, CXCR3, CCR4, CD8A, CD8B, GZMM, FLT3LG, CD3E, EOMES, GZMK), and generated an immune infiltration score (IIS) for predicting PFS using principal component analysis, which dichotomized the RB‐treated patients into immune IIShigh (n = 19) and IISlow (n = 20) groups. The 3‐y PFS rate was significantly lower in the IISlow group than in the IIShigh group (50.0% [95% CI: 27.1‐69.2%] vs. 84.2% [95% CI: 58.7‐94.6%], P = .0237). Furthermore, the IIS was correlates with absolute lymphocyte counts at diagnosis (r = 0.460, P = .00355). These results suggest that the T‐cell‐associated immune markers could be useful to predict prognosis in RB‐treated FL patients. (UMIN:000 013 795, jRCT:051 180 181)
Socio‐demographic and familial factors associated with hospital admissions and repeat admission for dental caries in early childhood: A population‐based study
Authors: Chen Rebecca , Schneuer Francisco J , Irving Michelle J , Chow Clara K , Kumar Harleen , Tsai Carrie , Sohn Woosung , Spallek Heiko , Bell Jane , Nassar Natasha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesDental caries remains a complex childhood condition often requiring preventable hospital admissions. There are limited population‐based epidemiological studies that use large and linked data sets to quantify the clinical, socio‐demographic and familial risk factors related to hospital admissions for dental caries. The aim of this study was to describe and quantify the rates, socio‐demographic, clinical characteristics and familial factors including repeat admissions associated with young children admitted to hospital for dental caries.MethodsThis cohort study (n = 33,438) used longitudinally linked hospital admission data among all children aged <six years in NSW, Australia. Socio‐demographic and admission characteristics of children and those with one versus two or more admissions for dental caries were compared. Familial risk factors were analysed for a restricted cohort of families with two or more children (n = 18,174) using multivariable logistic regression to assess the familial factors associated with multiple hospital admissions for dental caries adjusting for other socio‐demographic characteristics.ResultsThere were 33,438 children aged <six years who had 34,446 hospital admissions for dental caries between 2001 and 2014. The annual rate of 4.3 per 1000 children remained unchanged over the period. Most admissions required general anaesthesia (96%), and 8.4% of children had repeat admissions. Children living in disadvantaged or in regional and rural areas attending public hospitals were more likely to have dental extractions during the admission. Children from the same family had a 2.7‐fold increased odds of admission if the first child admitted was less than three years of age (adjusted odd ratio 2.69; 95% CI: 2.36–3.07), a 1.5 fold increase for socioeconomic disadvantage (aOR 1.45; 1.19 – 1.77) and a 1.9 fold increase of admission if the family had 4 or more children (aOR1.88; 1.47 – 2.42).ConclusionsFindings highlight socio‐demographic inequities associated with hospital admission for dental caries. The provision of targeted dental care programs for ‘at‐risk’ families should address these inequalities and presents an opportunity to reduce dental caries related hospitalizations.
Child care institutions in India: Caregivers' solutions to challenges in childcare
Authors: Wanglar Evergreat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor effective childcare, identifying challenges and exploring the solutions to those challenges is critical. This study explores the different challenges of childcare in child care institutions and its solutions from caregivers' perspectives. The researcher uses a basic interpretive design approach and selects 39 respondents by purposive sampling, and uses semi‐structured interviews. The findings indicate need for separate institutions for different categories of children and trained and professional caregivers, balancing gender engagement, the necessity for establishing separate institutional care for differently able children, need for effective implementation of foster care and sponsorship and need to work with families for effective children's restoration.
Line Art Colorization Based on Explicit Region Segmentation
Authors: Cao Ruizhi , Mo Haoran , Gao Chengying 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAutomatic line art colorization plays an important role in anime and comic industry. While existing methods for line art colorization are able to generate plausible colorized results, they tend to suffer from the color bleeding issue. We introduce an explicit segmentation fusion mechanism to aid colorization frameworks in avoiding color bleeding artifacts. This mechanism is able to provide region segmentation information for the colorization process explicitly so that the colorization model can learn to avoid assigning the same color across regions with different semantics or inconsistent colors inside an individual region. The proposed mechanism is designed in a plug‐and‐play manner, so it can be applied to a diversity of line art colorization frameworks with various kinds of user guidances. We evaluate this mechanism in tag‐based and reference‐based line art colorization tasks by incorporating it into the state‐of‐the‐art models. Comparisons with these existing models corroborate the effectiveness of our method which largely alleviates the color bleeding artifacts. The code is available athttps://github.com/Ricardo-L-C/ColorizationWithRegion.
Global Illumination‐Aware Stylised Shading
Authors: Doi K. , Morimoto Y. , Tsuruno R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOur aim is to convert an object's appearance to an arbitrary colour considering the light scattering in the entire scene, which is often called the global illumination. Existing stylisation methods convert the colour of an object with a 1‐dimensional texture for 3‐dimensional computer graphics to reproduce a typical style used in illustrations and cel animations. However, they cannot express global illumination effects. We propose two individual methods to compute the global illumination and convert the shading to an arbitrary colour. The methods reproduce reflections in other objects with the converted colour. As a result, we can convert the colour of illumination effects that have not yet been reproduced, such as soft shadows and refractions.
Fluidymation: Stylizing Animations Using Natural Dynamics of Artistic Media
Authors: Platkevič A. , Curtis C. , Sýkora D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present Fluidymation—a new example‐based approach to stylizing animation that employs the natural dynamics of artistic media to convey a prescribed motion. In contrast to previous stylization techniques that transfer the hand‐painted appearance of a static style exemplar and then try to enforce temporal coherence, we use moving exemplars that capture the artistic medium's inherent dynamic properties, and transfer both movement and appearance to reproduce natural‐looking transitions between individual animation frames. Our approach can synthetically generate stylized sequences that look as if actual paint is diffusing across a canvas in the direction and speed of the target motion.
Modeling Visual Containment for Web Page Layout Optimization
Authors: Kikuchi K. , Otani M. , Yamaguchi K. , Simo‐Serra E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWeb pages have become fundamental in conveying information for companies and individuals, yet designing web page layouts remains a challenging task for inexperienced individuals despite web builders and templates. Visual containment, in which elements are grouped together and placed inside container elements, is an efficient design strategy for organizing elements in a limited display, and is widely implemented in most web page designs. Yet, visual containment has not been explicitly addressed in the research on generating layouts from scratch, which may be due to the lack of hierarchical structure. In this work, we represent such visual containment as a layout tree, and formulate the layout design task as a hierarchical optimization problem. We first estimate the layout tree from a given a set of elements, which is then used to compute tree‐aware energies corresponding to various desirable design properties such as alignment or spacing. Using an optimization approach also allows our method to naturally incorporate user intentions and create an interactive web design application. We obtain a dataset of diverse and popular real‐world web designs to optimize and evaluate various aspects of our method. Experimental results show that our method generates better quality layouts compared to the baseline method.
Deep Learning‐Based Unsupervised Human Facial Retargeting
Authors: Kim Seonghyeon , Jung Sunjin , Seo Kwanggyoon , i Ribera Roger Blanco , Noh Junyong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTraditional approaches to retarget existing facial blendshape animations to other characters rely heavily on manually paired data including corresponding anchors, expressions, or semantic parametrizations to preserve the characteristics of the original performance. In this paper, inspired by recent developments in face swapping and reenactment, we propose a novel unsupervised learning method that reformulates the retargeting of 3D facial blendshape‐based animations in the image domain. The expressions of a source model is transferred to a target model via the rendered images of the source animation. For this purpose, a reenactment network is trained with the rendered images of various expressions created by the source and target models in a shared latent space. The use of shared latent space enable an automatic cross‐mapping obviating the need for manual pairing. Next, a blendshape prediction network is used to extract the blendshape weights from the translated image to complete the retargeting of the animation onto a 3D target model. Our method allows for fully unsupervised retargeting of facial expressions between models of different configurations, and once trained, is suitable for automatic real‐time applications.
Diverse Dance Synthesis via Keyframes with Transformer Controllers
Authors: Pan Junjun , Wang Siyuan , Bai Junxuan , Dai Ju 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExisting keyframe‐based motion synthesis mainly focuses on the generation of cyclic actions or short‐term motion, such as walking, running, and transitions between close postures. However, these methods will significantly degrade the naturalness and diversity of the synthesized motion when dealing with complex and impromptu movements , e.g., dance performance and martial arts. In addition, current research lacks fine‐grained control over the generated motion, which is essential for intelligent human‐computer interaction and animation creation. In this paper, we propose a novel keyframe‐based motion generation network based on multiple constraints, which can achieve diverse dance synthesis via learned knowledge. Specifically, the algorithm is mainly formulated based on the recurrent neural network (RNN) and the Transformer architecture. The backbone of our network is a hierarchical RNN module composed of two long short‐term memory (LSTM) units, in which the first LSTM is utilized to embed the posture information of the historical frames into a latent space, and the second one is employed to predict the human posture for the next frame. Moreover, our framework contains two Transformer‐based controllers, which are used to model the constraints of the root trajectory and the velocity factor respectively, so as to better utilize the temporal context of the frames and achieve fine‐grained motion control. We verify the proposed approach on a dance dataset containing a wide range of contemporary dance. The results of three quantitative analyses validate the superiority of our algorithm. The video and qualitative experimental results demonstrate that the complex motion sequences generated by our algorithm can achieve diverse and smooth motion transitions between keyframes, even for long‐term synthesis.
A Dynamic Mixture Model for Non‐equilibrium Multiphase Fluids
Authors: Jiang Y. , Lan Y. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present a dynamic mixture model for simulating multiphase fluids with highly dynamic relative motions. The previous mixture models assume that the multiphase fluids are under a local equilibrium condition such that the drift velocity and the phase transport can be computed analytically. By doing so, it avoids solving multiple sets of Navier‐Stokes equations and improves the simulation efficiency and stability. However, due to the local equilibrium assumption, these approaches can only deal with tightly coupled multiphase systems, where the relative speed between phases are assumed stable. In this work we abandon the local equilibrium assumption, and redesign the computation workflow of the mixture model to explicitly track and decouple the velocities of all phases. The phases still share the same pressure, with which we enforce the incompressibility for the mixture. The phase transport is calculated with drift velocities, and we propose a novel correction scheme to handle the transport at fluid boundaries to ensure mass conservation. Compared with previous mixture models, the proposed approach enables the simulation of much more dynamic scenarios with negligible extra overheads. In addition, it allows fluid control techniques to be applied to individual phases to generate locally dynamic and visually interesting effects.
A Lagrangian Particle‐based Formulation for Coupled Simulation of Fracture and Diffusion in Thin Membranes
Authors: Han Chengguizi , Xue Tao , Aanjaneya Mridul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe propose a Lagrangian particle‐based formulation for simulating deformation, fracture, and diffusion in thin membranelike structures, such as aluminium foil, rubbery films, and seaweed flakes. We integrate our model with diffusion processes and derive a unified framework for simulating deformation‐diffusion coupled phenomena, which is applied to provide realistic heterogeneity induced by the diffusion process to fracture patterns. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to simulate the complex fracture patterns of single‐layered membranes in computer graphics and introduce heterogeneity induced by the diffusion process, which generates more geometrically rich fracture patterns. Our end‐to‐end 3D simulations show that our deformation‐diffusion coupling framework captures detailed fracture growth patterns in thin membranes due to both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane motions, producing realistically wrinkled slit edges, and heterogeneity introduced due to diffusion.
Consistent Post‐Reconstruction for Progressive Photon Mapping
Authors: Choi Hajin , Moon Bochang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPhoton mapping is a light transport algorithm that simulates various rendering effects (e.g., caustics) robustly, and its progressive variants, progressive photon mapping (PPM) methods, can produce a biased but consistent rendering output. PPM estimates radiance using a kernel density estimation whose parameters (bandwidths) are adjusted progressively, and this refinement enables to reduce its estimation bias. Nonetheless, many iterations (and thus a large number of photons) are often required until PPM produces nearly converged estimates. This paper proposes a post‐reconstruction that improves the performance of PPM by reducing residual errors in PPM estimates. Our key idea is to take multiple PPM estimates with multi‐level correlation structures, and fuse the input images using a weight function trained by supervised learning with maintaining the consistency of PPM. We demonstrate that our technique boosts an existing PPM technique for various rendering scenes.
A multi‐pass method for accelerated spectral sampling
Authors: van de Ruit M. , Eisemann E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSpectral Monte Carlo rendering can simulate advanced light phenomena, such as chromatic dispersion, but typically shows a slow convergence behavior. Properly sampling the spectral domain can be challenging in scenes with many complex spectral distributions. To this end, we propose a multi‐pass approach. We build and store coarse screen‐space estimates of incident spectral radiance and use these to then importance sample the spectral domain. Hereby, we lower variance and reduce noise with little overhead. Our method handles challenging scenarios with difficult spectral distributions, many different emitters, and participating media. Finally, it can be integrated into existing spectral rendering methods for an additional acceleration.
Z‐Thickness Blending: Effective Fragment Merging for Multi‐Fragment Rendering
Authors: Kim Dongjoon , Kye Heewon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn effective fragment merging technique is presented in this study that addresses multi‐fragment problems, including fragment overflow and z‐fighting, and provides visual effects that are beneficial for various screen‐space rendering algorithms. The proposed method merges locally adjacent fragments along the viewing direction to resolve the aforementioned problems based on cost‐effective multi‐layer representation and coplanar blending. We introduce a z‐thickness model based on the radiosity spreading from the viewing z‐direction. Moreover, we present the fragment‐merging schemes and rules for determining the visibility of the merged fragments based on the proposed z‐thickness model. The proposed method is targeted at multi‐fragment rendering that handles individual fragments (e.g., k‐buffer) instead of representing the fragments as an approximated transmittance function. In addition, our method provides a smooth visibility transition across overlapping fragments, resulting in visual advantages in various visualization applications. In this paper, we demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method through several screen‐space rendering applications.
Real‐time Denoising Using BRDF Pre‐integration Factorization
Authors: Zhuang Tao , Shen Pengfei , Wang Beibei , Liu Ligang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPath tracing has been used for real‐time renderings, thanks to the powerful GPU device. Unfortunately, path tracing produces noisy rendered results, thus, filtering or denoising is often applied as a post‐process to remove the noise. Previous works produce high‐quality denoised results, by accumulating the temporal samples. However, they cannot handle the details from bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) maps (e.g. roughness map). In this paper, we introduce the BRDF pre‐integration factorization for denoising to better preserve the details from BRDF maps. More specifically, we reformulate the rendering equation into two components: the BRDF pre‐integration component and the weighted‐lighting component. The BRDF pre‐integration component is noise‐free, since it does not depend on the lighting. Another key observation is that the weighted‐lighting component tends to be smooth and low‐frequency, which indicates that it is more suitable for denoising than the final rendered image. Hence, the weighted‐lighting component is denoised individually. Our BRDF pre‐integration demodulation approach is flexible for many real‐time filtering methods. We have implemented it in spatio‐temporal variance‐guided filtering (SVGF), ReLAX and ReBLUR. Compared to the original methods, our method manages to better preserve the details from BRDF maps, while both the memory and time cost are negligible.