bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality and Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury in Adults: A Hospital-Based Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Abebe Abinet , Kumela Kabaye , Belay Maekel , Kebede Bezie , Wobie Yohannes 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major global public health problem. It is expensive to manage and associated with a high rate of prolonged hospitalization and in-hospital mortality. Little is known about the burden of acute kidney injury in moderate to low-income countries. We aim to assess predictors of in-hospital mortality among AKI patients admitted to the medical ward.Methods: We prospectively identified patients meeting kidney disease improving global outcomes (KIDGO) AKI definitions from April to August 2019. Patients with underlying CKD and patients hospitalized for less than 48 hours were excluded. The Cox regression model was fitted to identify predictors of mortality and statistical significance was considered at the p-value of less than 0.05.Result: A total of 203 patients were enrolled over five months. Out of this, 121(59.6%) were males, 58(28.6%) were aged greater than 60 years, and 141(69.5%) had community-acquired acute kidney injury. The most common causes of AKI were Hypovolemia 99(48.77%), Glomerulonephritis 51(25.11%), and sepsis 32(15.79%). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 12.8%. Stage3 AKI (AHR=9.61, 95% CI: 1.17-28.52, p=0.035), duration of AKI (AHR =7.04, 95% CI: 1.37-36.08, p=0.019), length of hospital stay (AHR= 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05-0.73 p=0.012), and hyperkalemia (AHR =3.61, 95% CI: 1.12-11.71, p=0.032) were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality.Conclusion: There is a high rate of acute kidney injury-related in-hospital mortality in adult patients admitted to the medical ward. The severity of AKI, hyperkalemia duration of AKI, and a short length of hospital stay were predictors of 30-day in-hospital mortality. Most of the causes of AKI are preventable and patients may benefit from early identification and treatment of these reversible causes.
Volumetric super-resolution imaging by serial ultrasectioning and STochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) in neural tissue
Authors: Vatan Tarlan , Minehart Jacqueline A. , Zhang Chenghang , Agarwal Vatsal , Yang Jerry , Speer Colenso M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Here we present a protocol for collecting large-volume, four-color, single-molecule localization imaging data from neural tissue. We have applied this technique to map the location and identities of chemical synapses across whole cells in mouse retinae. Our sample preparation approach improves 3D STORM image quality by reducing tissue scattering, photobleaching, and optical distortions associated with deep imaging. This approach can be extended for use on other tissue types enabling life scientists to perform volumetric super-resolution imaging in diverse biological models. For a detailed application of this protocol, please refer to Sigal et al., 2015.
Is There An Association Between Second Stage of Labor and Urinary Incontinence in Multiparous Women?
Authors: Gross Lotem , Herman Hadas Ganer , Gonen Noa , Rockenshtein Omer , Bar Jacob , Ginath Shimon , Kovo Michal 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose

It is unclear whether the length of second stage of labor plays a role in the development of urinary incontinence (UI). We aimed to study the association between the cumulative length of the second stage of labor in multiparous women, and urinary incontinence.
Methods

This was a longitudinal cohort study, in women with three vaginal deliveries (VDs), between 2008–2017. UI was assessed using the Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI-6) questionnaire. Women with a cumulative second stage length in three deliveries in the upper 90th percentile, were compared to women with a cumulative second stage length below the 90th percentile. To detect a 15-point difference in the UDI-6 score between the groups, a sample size of 280 women was needed.
Results

Thirty-one women were included in the ≥ 90th length of second stage group, and 275 in the < 90th length of second stage group. Demographic and obstetrical characteristics were similar in both groups. There were no between group differences in mean UDI-6 score − 12.3 ± 17.5 in the ≥ 90th length of second stage group vs. 14.9 ± 18.2 in the < 90th length of second stage group, p = 0.55. No association was found between the cumulative length of second stage of deliveries and UDI score. A linear regression model revealed that maternal BMI was found to be independently associated with UDI-6 score, CC 0.67, 95% CI 0.19–1.15, p = 0.006.
Conclusion

The cumulative length of the second stage in multiparous women is not associated with urinary incontinence.
TaffiX® nasal powder spray forms an effective barrier against infectious new variants of SARS-CoV-2 (Alpha, Beta and Delta)
Authors: Mandelboim Michal , Mendelson Ella , Drori Yaron , Atari Nofar , Lapidot Tair , Megiddo Dalia , Gladnikoff Micha 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
While vaccination efforts against SARS-CoV-2 around the world are ongoing, new highly infectious virus variants continue to evolve. The protection provided by the available vaccines against some of the new variants is weaker. Additional preventive measures will therefore be needed to protect the population until effective vaccinations are widely available. TaffiX® is an anti-viral nasal powder spray comprised of low-pH hypromellose, which forms a protective mechanical barrier that prevents viruses from engaging with nasal cells. The current study aimed to test the protective effect of Taffix against Alpha (B.1.1.7; hCoV-19/Israel/CVL-46879-ngs/2020), Beta, (B.1.351; hCoV-19/Israel/CVL-2557-ngs/2020) and Delta (B.1.617.2; hCoV-19/Israel/VVL-12806/2021), three highly infectious and pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 strains. A nylon filter was treated with Taffix® gel, after which SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta or Delta was seeded. After a 10-min incubation, the downstream side of each filter was washed, and the rinse was collected and placed over Vero-E6 cells. After 5 days of incubation, viral RNA was extracted and subjected to SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR analysis. Taffix® fully blocked passage of all three tested SARS-CoV-2 variants, as demonstrated by a 100% reduction of recoverable viral RNA from Vero-E6 cells treated with filter rinse. These results support its use as an effective barrier against new variants of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunction with other protective measures.
miR-98-5p as a Novel Biomarker Suppress Liver Fibrosis by Targeting TGFβ Receptor 1
Authors: Ma Yanhua , yuan xiaoxue , Han Ming , Han Kai , Liang Pu , Liu Shunai , Cheng Jun , Xing Huichun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is the repair reaction of excessive deposition and abnormal distribution of extracellular matrix after various liver injuries, especially chronic HBV infection, which is a key step in the development of various chronic liver diseases to cirrhosis. Recent studies show that microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate a series of liver fibrosis-related gene express and play an important role in the development of liver fibrosis. To detect the miRNAs expression profiling and to screen the differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with HBV-related liver fibrosis, the whole blood was collected from the HBV-related liver fibrosis patients (S2/3, n=8) based on Scheuer’s staging criteria. In addition, healthy volunteers(n=7) served as the control group. The expression of plasma miRNAs was detected by IlluminaHiSeq sequencing. Cluster analysis and target genes prediction of differentially expressed miRNAs were performed. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs target genes were performed. Compared with the healthy control group 77 miRNAs were screened out from the liver fibrosis group, among which 51 miRNAs were up-regulated and 26 miRNAs were down-regulated. Pathway annotations for the target genes of the miRNAs identified were found that it participated in many signal pathways including MAPK signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol signal system and so on. According to the bioinformatic analysis, miR-98-5p were selected for function research among the differentially expressed miRNAs.MiR-98-5p prevents liver fibrosis by targeting TGFβR1 and blocking TGF β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. In addition, serum miR-98-5p levels were measured from a total of 70 recruited patients with chronic HBV infection and 29 healthy individuals as controls. We found that serum miR-98-5p level was significantly lower in patients with live fibrosis than in healthy controls and HBV carriers (P<0.05). Those results suggest that miR-98-5p could be a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis.
Hypernatremia and Hypophosphatemia in Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis: A Case Report of Acid-base and Electrolyte Misadventure
Authors: Sukesh Hashvina , Zarim Mohd Haniff Abu , Hassan Wan Hasnul Halimi Wan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is easily recognized in patients with hypokalemia and normal anion gap acidosis. Other concurrent electrolyte abnormalities could change the diagnosis. We describe a newly diagnosed distal RTA complicated with severe hypernatremia and hypophosphatemia while admitted to the intensive care unit. Case report: A 12-year-old girl presented with worsening paralysis. Initial investigations revealed low serum potassium of 1.8mmol/L, pH 7.2mmol/L, bicarbonate 12mmol/L and high urine pH (8.0) suggesting distal RTA. She required mechanical ventilation due to severe metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia. Resuscitation strategies initially focussed on intravenous hydration with 0.9% normal saline and potassium repletion. Delayed correction of acidosis with sodium bicarbonate led to severe hypernatremia (180mmol/L) and slow recovery of serum potassium level. Hypernatremia was also contributed by concurrent nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Interestingly, her serum phosphate was persistently low (0.4mmol/L) leading to more workup to investigate proximal tubulopathy. It persisted till resolution of hypernatremia and acidosis. Meanwhile she developed sepsis with multiple thromboses attributed to disseminated tuberculosis. Screening for connective tissue diseases were negative. She recovered well and was discharged with anti-tuberculosis drugs, anticoagulation and potassium supplements. Conclusion: In conclusion, correction of acidosis in distal RTA should be prioritised to avoid prolonged hypokalemia and significant increase in serum sodium. Hypophosphatemia in a critically ill patient should be interpreted with caution, correlating with serum sodium and arterial blood gas to avoid incorrect diagnoses.
Immune alveolitis in interstitial lung disease: an attractive cytological profile in immunocompromised patients
Authors: Moui Antoine , Dirou Stéphanie , Sagan Christine , Liberge Renan , Defrance Claire , Arrigoni Pierre-Paul , Morla Olivier , Kandel-Aznar Christine , Cellerin Laurent , Cavailles Arnaud , Eschapasse Emmanuel , Morio Florent , Gourraud Pierre-Antoine , Goronflot Thomas , Tissot Adrien , Blanc François-Xavier 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a major diagnostic tool in interstitial lung disease (ILD). Its use remains largely quantitative, usually focused on cell differential ratio. However, cellular morphological features provide additional valuable information. The significance of the "immune alveolitis" cytological profile, characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis with activated lymphocytes and macrophages in epithelioid transformation or foamy macrophages desquamating in cohesive clusters with lymphocytes, remains unknown in ILD. Our objective was to describe patients’ characteristics and diagnoses associated with an immune alveolitis profile in undiagnosed ILD.
Methods
We performed a monocentric retrospective observational study. Eligible patients were adults undergoing diagnostic exploration for ILD and whose BAL fluid displayed an immune alveolitis profile. For each patient, we collected clinical, radiological and biological findings as well as the final etiology of ILD.
Results
Between January 2012 and December 2018, 249 patients were included. Mean age was 57 ± 16 years, 140 patients (56%) were men, and 65% of patients were immunocompromised. The main etiological diagnosis was Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) (24%), followed by drug-induced lung disease (DILD) (20%), viral pneumonia (14%) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) (10%). All PCP were diagnosed in immunocompromised patients while HP was found in only 8% of this subgroup. DILD and viral pneumonia were also commonly diagnosed in immunocompromised patients (94% and 80%, respectively).
Conclusion
Our study highlights the additional value of BAL qualitative description in ILD. We suggest incorporating the immune alveolitis profile for the diagnosis and management of ILD, especially in immunocompromised patients, since it guides towards specific diagnoses.
Relationship Between Sunshine Duration and Air Temperature in Poland (1971–2020)
Authors: Matuszko Dorota , Bartoszek Krzysztof , Soroka Jakub 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The aim of the work is to characterize the trends of sunshine duration (SDU) and air temperature, which may help understand the mechanism of contemporary climate change and explain its causes. The daily totals of SDU and daily data on air temperature from the years 1971–2020, from 25 synoptic stations in Poland are the basic source data. There was a growing trend in both SDU and air temperature. The series of records of the two variables showed that the points of change in the level of stabilization of the value of SDU and air temperature are close to each other, and confirm known in the literature “global dimming” and “global brightening” periods. The linear regression model confirmed that sunshine duration explains well the variability of, and increase in day-time air temperature in Poland in the April-September period. In turn, changes in sunshine duration during winter have no impact on air temperature trends.
Integrated analysis of multimodal bladder cancer data based on CT, Whole Slide Image and Transcriptome
Authors: Wu Peng , Wu Kai , Li Zhe , Liu Hanlin , Yang Kai , Zhou Rong , Zhou Ziyu , Xing Nianzeng , Wu Song 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, we aim to determine the multimodal data associations between radiological, pathologic, and molecular characteristics in bladder cancer. Furthermore, we tried to find the differential features between high- and low-grade bladder cancer, and improve the prediction accuracy of molecular subtype by multimodal feature fusion.
127 patients with bladder cancer are analyzed in this study. Multimodal associations analysis of CT and pathologic WSI were performed. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to measure the structural relationships between multimodal data. Shannon entropy was calculated to evaluate the heterogeneity of bladder cancer. A convolutional neural network was constructed for molecular subtyping based on multimodal features. Feature contribution in model decision-making was explored by discriminative localization method. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to explore the relevance of multimodal features to the prognosis.
There are extensive associations between CT and WSI features and parts of these features were related to prognosis. 77 densely associated blocks of feature pairs between CT and WSI were identified. The first block were confirmed with relation to tumor grade. Block 2 and 3 reflect the association of plasm and nucleus of cancer cells with CT features, respectively. SEM detected significant relation between pathological features and molecular subtype. High-grade bladder cancer showed heterogeneity of significance across different scales and higher disorder in microscopic level. Entropy level of WSI can be used to predict the prognosis of patients. For the molecular subtype prediction, an AUC of 0.95±0.09 was achieved based on multimodal feature fusion. The fused CT and WSI features achieved a more accurate molecular subtype prediction. At last, 13 prognosis-related features from CT and WSI were identified.
Parents’ Experiences of Investigations and Interventions by Child Healthcare, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Child and Youth Habilitation
Authors: Gustafsson Berit M , Levander Märtha Sund 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: ESSENCE (early symptomatic syndromes eliciting neurodevelopmental clinical examinations) is a collective term for all conditions involving early-onset behavioural problems and/or cognitive difficulties. These lead to consultation with a variety of specialists, who often have no close collaboration with each other. Parents experience frustration about the lack of cooperation between care providers, and helplessness and despair over the lack of structure or routines within the care system. The aim of this study was to elicit parents’ experiences of support and interventions from child healthcare, child and adolescent psychiatry and child and youth habilitation.Method: An explorative, qualitative design taking an inductive approach. Data were collected through semi-structured focus group interviews, with 13 parents of children with behavioural and/or ESSENCE problems. Firstly, a conventional analysis of the interviews was performed. Then the revealed categories were interpreted using the bioecological model to illustrate the effects on the child’s interaction with the surrounding context, i.e. micro-, meso-, exo- and macrosystems. Results: The analysis revealed four main categories: confidence, information, competence and collaboration, affecting parents’ experiences of the encounter with child healthcare, child and adolescent psychiatry and child and youth habilitation providers. Consistent across all four themes was the importance of time, i.e. the parents’ experiences of how the process of getting help and support was constantly delayed.Conclusion: While waiting for an investigation of ESSENCE problems, parents experience anxiety, worry, frustration, lack of information, lack of confidence and doubts about their parenting ability, which also affects the child. They experience a lack of competence among care staff when their concerns about their child’s development are not taken seriously, and demand a comprehensive approach regarding investigation and treatment. Collaboration within the exosystem between the various professionals involved is perceived to have great potential for improvement.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered clinical Trials 2021, PLUSS identifier, NCT04815889.
Nutritional Behavior During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Effect of Fear and Sleep Quality on Emotional Eating
Authors: Ilktac Havvanur Yoldas , SAVCI Cemile , AKINCI Ayse CIL 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
PurposeEven though it is known that fear and poor sleep quality trigger emotional eating, whether fear of COVID-19 and poor sleep quality have effects on emotional eating during the COVID-19 pandemic is not clear. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of fear of COVID-19, sleep quality and sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, BMI on emotional eating during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.MethodsThe research data were collected via the ‘Participant Information Form’, the ‘Fear of COVID-19 Scale’, the ‘Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index’, and the ‘Emotional Eating Scale’.ResultsFear of COVID-19 Scale score (β: 0.090, p < 0.05) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (β: 0.289, p < 0.001) separately affected the Emotional Eating Scale score in the rate of 0.8% and 8.3%, respectively. Fear of COVID-19 Scale score (β: 0.042, p > 0.05), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (β: 0.246, p < 0.001), age (β: -0.259, p < 0.001), gender (β: -0.169, p < 0.001) and Body Mass Index (β: 0.275, p < 0.001) were affecting Emotional Eating scale score in rate of 18.3%. Fear of COVID-19 alone has a minimal effect on emotional eating, but when combined with variables such as sleep quality, BMI, age and gender, its effect on emotional eating disappears.ConclusionsIn the light of these results, it is recommended to screen all individuals in the society during the pandemic in terms of emotional eating, especially those who are young, female, have a high BMI, low sleep quality, and high fear of COVID-19 and nutrition education should be provided to these people.Level of evidenceLevel V, cross-sectional predictive study.
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Strain Lineage in Mixed Tribal Population Across India and Andaman Nicobar Island
Authors: N. Azger Dusthackeer V. , N. Azger Dusthackeer V. , Kumar Ashok , Sucharitha Kannappan Kannappan , Shivakumar S. , Raghavi S , Azhagendran S , Vetrivel S , Rao Vikas Gangadhar , Yadav Rajiv , Paluru Vijayachari , Purthy Anil Jacob , Hussain Tahziba , Kashyap Vivek , Devi K. Rekha , Krishnan Anil Kumar Indira , Anand Praveen , Das Pradeep , Bansal Avi Kumar , Das Madhuchhanda , Kaur Harpreet , Raghunath D. , Mondal Rajesh , Thomas Beena E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In India, the tribal population constitutes almost 8.6% of the nation’s total population. This study attempts to provide information pertaining to the TB strain diversity, its public health implications, and distribution among the tribal population in 10 Indian states and Andaman & Nicobar (A&N) Island. Clinical isolates were received from 66 villages (10 states and island). A total of 78 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates were received from 10 different states and A&N Island. Among these, 16 different strains were observed. The major M. tuberculosis strains spoligotype belong to the Beijing, CAS1_DELHI, and EAI5 family followed by EAI1_SOM, EAI6_BGD1, LAM3, LAM6, LAM9, T1, T2, U strains. Drug-susceptibility testing (DST) results showed almost 15.4% of clinical isolates found to be resistant to isoniazid (INH) or rifampicin (RMP) + INH. Predominant multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) isolates seem to be Beijing strain. Beijing, CAS1_DELHI, EAI3_IND, and EAI5 were the principal strains infecting mixed tribal populations across India. Despite the small sample size, this study has demonstrated higher diversity among the TB strains with significant MDR-TB findings. Prevalence of Beijing MDR-TB strains in Central, Southern, Eastern India and A&N Island indicates the transmission of the TB strains.