bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Priorities for social science and humanities research on the challenges of moving beyond animal-based food systems
Authors: Morris Carol , Kaljonen Minna , Aavik Kadri , Balázs Bálint , Cole Matthew , Coles Ben , Efstathiou Sophia , Fallon Tracey , Foden Mike , Giraud Eva Haifa , Goodman Mike , Kershaw Eleanor Hadley , Helliwell Richard , Hobson-West Pru , Häyry Matti , Jallinoja Piia , Jones Mat , Kaarlenkaski Taija , Laihonen Maarit , Lähteenmäki-Uutela Anu , Kupsala Saara , Lonkila Annika , Martens Lydia , McGlacken Renelle , Mylan Josephine , Niva Mari , Roe Emma , Twine Richard , Vinnari Markus , White Richard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIncreasingly high-profile research is being undertaken into the socio-environmental challenges associated with the over-production and consumption of food from animals. Transforming food systems to mitigate climate change and hidden hunger, ensure food security and good health all point to reducing animal-based foods as a key lever. Moving beyond animal-based food systems is a societal grand challenge requiring coordinated international research by the social sciences and humanities. A ‘selective openness’ to this range of disciplines has been observed within multi-discipline research programmes designed to address societal grand challenges including those concerned with the sustainability of food systems, inhibiting the impact of social sciences and humanities. Further, existing research on animal-based foods within these disciplines is largely dispersed and focused on particular parts of food systems. Inspired by the ‘Sutherland Method’ this paper discusses the results of an iterative research prioritisation process carried out to enhance capacity, mutual understanding and impact amongst European social sciences and humanities researchers. The process produced 15 research questions from an initial list of 100 and classified under the following five themes: (1) debating and visioning food from animals; (2) transforming agricultural spaces; (3) framing animals as food; (4) eating practices and identities; and (5) governing transitions beyond animal-based food systems. These themes provide an important means of making connections between research questions that invite and steer research on key challenges in moving beyond animal-based food systems. The themes also propose loci for future transdisciplinary research programmes that join researchers from the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities and stakeholders from beyond academia to develop cooperative research and implementation initiatives. The experiences gained from the prioritisation process draw attention to the value of spending time to discuss and collaboratively steer research enquiry into emergent and controversial matters of concern. Fundamental, ethical questions around the continuation or complete cessation of the use of animals for food was a key tension. The positioning of research towards these questions affects not only the framing of the research area but also the partners with whom the research can be carried out and for whom it may be of benefit.
Resolution and the detection of cultural dispersals: development and application of spatiotemporal methods in Lowland South America
Authors: Riris Philip , Silva Fabio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInferring episodes of expansion, admixture, diffusion, and/or migration in prehistory is undergoing a resurgence in macro-scale archaeological interpretation. In parallel to this renewed popularity, access to computational tools among archaeologists has seen the use of aggregated radiocarbon datasets for the study of dispersals also increasing. This paper advocates for developing reflexive practice in the application of radiocarbon dates to prehistoric dispersals, by reflecting on the qualities of the underlying data, particularly chronometric uncertainty, and framing dispersals explicitly in terms of hypothesis testing. This paper draws on cultural expansions within South America and employs two emblematic examples, the Arauquinoid and Tupiguarani traditions, to develop an analytical solution that not only incorporates chronometric uncertainty in bivariate regression but, importantly, tests whether the datasets provide statistically significant evidence for a dispersal process. The analysis, which the paper provides the means to replicate, identifies fundamental issues with resolution and data quality that impede identification of pre-Columbian cultural dispersals through simple spatial gradients of radiocarbon data. The results suggest that reflexivity must be fed back into theoretical frameworks of prehistoric mobility for the study of dispersals, in turn informing the construction of more critical statistical null models, and alternative models of cultural expansion should be formally considered alongside demographic models.
People’s responses to the COVID-19 pandemic during its early stages and factors affecting those responses
Authors: Zhang Junyi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe world has suffered from the COVID-19 pandemic. While it is expected that societies will learn lessons from this experience, knowledge about how people responded to the pandemic in its early stages is very limited. With the aim of urgently providing policymakers with scientific evidence about how to better inform the public about fighting against COVID-19, this study made an initial attempt to assess how people responded to the COVID-19 outbreak during its early stages. Based on a life-oriented approach, this study collected data on a large set of behaviors and attitudes through a nationwide retrospective panel survey conducted in Japan at the end of March 2020, when the country had 1953 confirmed infection cases in total. Valid data were collected from 1052 residents from the whole of Japan, taking into account a balanced population distribution in terms of age, gender, and region. Respondents were asked to report changes in their daily activity-travel behavior, long-distance trips, and other life activities caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors (information reliability, risk perception, attitudes about policy-making and communications with the public, etc.). Results of both aggregate and modeling analyses (using a structural equation model and a data mining approach) indicate that poor communication with the public may have been closely related to the spread of COVID-19 in Japan, and that effective interventions should be made by focusing on interactions between target persons and close members of their social networks. It is also revealed that differentiated communications are necessary to encourage different types of behavioral changes. Risk communication should be better designed to encourage people to voluntarily modify their needs in life [L] and perform the needed activities [A] at places with sufficient spaces [S] and proper duration of time and at the proper timing [TING]. Such a LASTING approach may be crucial to enhance the effects of massive public involvement in mitigating the spread of COVID-19. The findings from this study are not only useful to tackle the current pandemic, but also have a long-term value for addressing future pandemics.
Improved short channel electrostatics through design of partially junction-less double-gate MOSFETs
Authors: Kansal Harshit , Medury Aditya Sankar 
Published: February 2021

Quantum confinement effects tend to diminish gate control over the channel, further degrading the channel electrostatics of short channel Double-Gate (DG) Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) MOSFETs. In this work, we first design an n-channel Junction-less (JL) DG MOSFET with a channel length (Lg) of 10 nm, where the source/drain doping, determined through Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) simulations, enables better gate control for different channel thicknesses (tch) and oxide thicknesses (tox). The source/drain doping, thus determined, enables JL DG MOSFETs to overcome quantum confinement effects while also achieving key ITRS (International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors) targets in terms of sub-threshold slope (S) and threshold voltage (Vth). We then introduce a heavily doped symmetric p-type silicon layer at the interface of the channel region with the top/bottom oxide such that the thickness and doping of the p-type layer enable tuning of the threshold voltage. In this partially JL DG MOSFET, by replacing the n-type doped silicon with n-type silicon–germanium (Si0.7Ge0.3) of lower doping, determined through TCAD simulations, we continue to demonstrate excellent channel electrostatics (ITRS targets) at short channel lengths (Lg = 10 nm) over a wide range of channel and oxide thicknesses while also showing enhanced strong inversion channel currents.
Multiseriate cortical sclerenchyma enhance root penetration in compacted soils
Authors: Schneider Hannah M. , Strock Christopher F. , Hanlon Meredith T. , Vanhees Dorien J. , Perkins Alden C. , Ajmera Ishan B. , Sidhu Jagdeep Singh , Mooney Sacha J. , Brown Kathleen M. , Lynch Jonathan P. 
Published: February 2021

SignificanceMultiseriate cortical sclerenchyma (MCS) is a root anatomical phenotype with utility in environments with mechanical impedance. The MCS phenotype is characterized by small cells with thick walls in outer cortical tissue. Genotypes with MCS were associated with greater root lignin concentration, greater tensile strength, and greater root tip bending force compared to non-MCS genotypes. MCS improved root depth and plant growth under mechanical impedance in the greenhouse and field. MCS is heritable and genetically controlled. The identification of anatomical phenes and their genetic control may be an important consideration for breeders for the improvement of crop cultivars with enhanced edaphic stress tolerance.
An invisible DWT watermarking algorithm using noise removal with application to dermoscopic images
Authors: Moldovanu S , (Damian) Michis F A , Moraru L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A new approach for the digital watermarking process is proposed to be part of the pre-processing stage of a computer-aided diagnosis system. We propose to embed a denoised image acting as the watermark image in the original host image with the final goal of improving the quality of demoscopic images for further image processing operation related to CAD. The proposed algorithm uses Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) corroborated with some basic properties of Human Visual System such as Contrast Sensitive Function (CSF) and Noise Visibility Function (NVF) with the goal of correlating the texture properties and noise. This approach hides the watermark (i.e. denoised version of the host image) in high-pass subbands that are focused on image features. The main concern is to evaluate the distortion produced to the host image by watermarking and an objective quality measure function, i.e. Weighted Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (WPSNR), is used to evaluate the existing differences between the original and watermarked images. The proposed approach is tested using the available skin lesion images from the digital image archive of the Department of Dermatology of the University Medical Center Groningen. The experiment results show the improved performance of the proposed scheme against a 3 × 3 median filtering attack in comparison with the a 5 × 5 median filtering attack.
Magnetic winding – a key to unlocking topological complexity in flux emergence
Authors: MacTaggart D , Prior C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Magnetic helicity is an invariant of ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) that encodes information on the topology of magnetic field lines. It has long been appreciated that magnetic topology is an important constraint for the evolution of magnetic fields in MHD. In applications to the solar atmosphere, understanding magnetic topology is crucial for following the evolution and eruption of magnetic fields. At present, magnetic helicity flux can be measured in solar observations but the interpretation of results is difficult due to the combination of confounding factors. We propose that a renormalization of helicity flux, the magnetic winding, can be used to detect more detailed topological features in magnetic fields and thus provide a more reliable signature for predicting the onset of solar eruptions.
Teleparallel gravity with non-minimally coupled f-essence via Noether symmetry approach
Authors: Myrzakulov Kairat , Kenzhalin Duman , Myrzakulov Nurgissa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we examine teleparallel gravity with non-minimally coupled with non-canonical fermionic fields (f-essence). Noether symmetry approach can be used to fix the forms of coupling F (Ψ) and the potential V (Ψ) functions of the fermionic fields. In the context of the Friedman-Robertson-Walker metric, we investigate cosmological solutions of the field equations using these forms obtained by the existent of Noether symmetry.
Simple math model for calculation about possibility to disclose Stealth
Authors: Jinghui Qui , Li Hongmei , Wu Chao , Wang Dajing , Denisov O. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Stealth coating is the antidote against of the radar. But it can be disclosed by the microwave radiometer because their job based on the measuring the radio-brightness contrast between Stealth object and the background of the environments (sky is cold, Earth is warm).
This short report presents some math model for the simplest calculation of the possible disclosing distance till the Stealth object.
Multiphysic Simulation of molten pool transients for electron beam welding and additive manufacturing processes investigation
Authors: Shcherbakov A V , Gaponova D A , Sliva A P , Goncharov A L , Gudenko A V , Rodyakina R V , Kostin V A , Dragunov V K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Molten pool free surface shape calculation and its evaluation in time for analysis of electron beam melting and welding processes is a very important problem. Unfortunately, experimental methods can provide only a part of the necessary information. Electron beam heating creates the conditions for intense metal transfer, and pool surface shape affects the energy absorption efficiency. This paper reports the method which combines the Monte-Carlo simulation for spatial and energy parameters of heating source calculating with the Volume of Fluid algorithm for liquid free-surface numerical evaluation. The velocity and pressure field technique calculation in a molten pool with the action of surface tension forces and vapor recoil pressure is described. It is shown that the proposed simulation method allows to study heat and mass transfer transient processes, including deep penetration channel formation. Model validation was carried out. Simulation results are shown to be consistent with experimental data obtained using a high-speed camera.
Fluid flow structures in an evaporating sessile droplet depending on the droplet size and properties of liquid and substrate
Authors: Turchaninova M.N. , Melnikova E.S. , Gavrilina A.A. , Barash L.Yu. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We investigate numerically quasi-steady internal flows in an axially symmetrical evaporating sessile droplet depending on the ratio of substrate to fluid thermal conductivities, fluid volatility, contact angle and droplet size. Temperature distributions and vortex structures are obtained for droplets of 1-hexanol, 1-butanol and ethanol. To this purpose, the hydrodynamics of an evaporating sessile drop, effects of the thermal conduction in the droplet and substrate and diffusion of vapor in air have been jointly taken into account. The equations have been solved by finite element method using ANSYS Fluent. The phase diagrams demonstrating the number and orientation of the vortices as functions of the contact angle and the ratio of substrate to fluid thermal conductivities, are obtained and analyzed for various values of parameters. In particular, influence of gravity on the droplet shape and the effect of droplet size have been considered. We have found that the phase diagrams of highly volatile droplets do not contain a subregion corresponding to a reversed single vortex, and their single-vortex subregion becomes more complex. The phase diagrams for droplets of larger size do not contian subregions corresponding to a regular single vortex and to three vortices. We demonstrate how the single-vortex subregion disappears with a gradual increase of the droplet size.
Calculation of a confidence interval of semantic distance estimates obtained using a large diachronic corpus
Authors: Bochkarev Vladimir V. , Shevlyakova Anna V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeveral methods for detection changes in words semantics and appearance of new word meanings have been suggested. These methods use different techniques of estimating semantic distance between words. They are based both on neural network vector models and on simpler vector representations that use frequencies of n-grams including the studied words. This paper proposes a method for calculation the confidence interval of the semantic distance estimations obtained based on the frequency data of n-grams extracted from the large diachronic corpus. This task is complicated because the question about the law of distribution of frequency fluctuations of words and n-grams, despite a number of studies, remains open. The confidence intervals are calculated by statistic modeling using random permutations of n-gram frequencies. To test the proposed method, estimation of semantic distance between two Russian synonyms is used as an example.
Langevin simulations of protoplasmic streaming in non-Euclidean geometry
Authors: Noro Shuta , Okumura Masahiko , Hongo Satoshi , Nagahiro Shinichiro , Ikai Toshiyuki , Nakayama Madoka , Koibuchi Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The protoplasmic streaming in plant cells enables the transportation of biological materials. This circular flow was experimentally observed with laser Doppler velocimetry, and it was reported that there are two peaks in the velocity distribution. Recently, we reported that these peaks are numerically reproduced by the stochastic or Langevin Navier-Stokes (N-S) simulation technique. However, interactions between fluid and the biological materials have not yet been implemented. In this report, we show that this complex interaction can be simulated in the N-S equation with the Finsler geometry (FG) modeling technique by including an internal directional degree of freedom σ (∈
S
1: circle) corresponding to the small biological materials. We find that the interaction effectively makes the viscosity coefficient small when the variable σ is uniformly aligned.
Investigation of domain structure in ferroelectric thin films by means of the Ising model
Authors: Menshikov E V , Maksimova O G , Osipov S V , Maksimov A V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The domain structure in thin ferroelectric films was investigated in the framework of the modified Ising model with short-range exchange and long-range dipole-dipole interactions. The depolarizing field was also taken into account for the study of size effects in thin films. This field is the dominant factor influencing on the existence of phase transitions in the films. We used Monte Carlo method with the standard Metropolis algorithm to generate configurations on three-dimensional cubic lattices. The domains sizes were calculated in the longitudinal and transverse directions relatively to the spontaneous polarization direction. Temperature dependences of the domain sizes are obtained for different values of interaction constants. It was proved that the introduction of the depolarizing field leads to the appearance of a dead layer on the film boundaries. The dead layer thickness increases with increasing temperature. At a certain temperature (not equal to the Curie temperature), the dead layer is destroyed. The temperature dependences of the dielectric susceptibility at different film thicknesses have been calculated. It was shown that these dependencies have two maxima. The first maximum corresponds to a phase transition, the second one exists only for only thin films and corresponds to the destruction of the dead layer.
Monte Carlo Entropic sampling algorithm applied to 3D spin crossover nanoparticles: role of the environment on the thermal hysteresis
Authors: Linares J. , Cazelles C. , Gaci S. , Dahoo P. R. , Boukheddaden K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This contribution deals with the development of a 3D Monte Carlo (MC) entropic sampling algorithm to evaluate the density of states of a SCO nanoparticles using three parameters related to the “magnetization”, the “spin-spin correlation” and the number of molecules at the surface. This information is then used to analyze the role of the interaction parameter, L, between the external environment of the nanoparticle and the surface’s molecules. We show that increasing “L” shifts downward the system’s transition temperature, generating a thermal hysteresis whose width increases linearly with the strength of this parameter “L”. These behaviors are also studied as function of the SCO nanoparticle size.
On Some Fullerenes with Cubic symmetry
Authors: Sánchez-Bernabe Francisco J. , Del Rosario Escalona-Magdaleno M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We consider several fullerenes with cubic symmetry, this means that the graph associated with the fullerene has six faces and eight vertices. One of them is C24 with octagonal faces and triangular vertex. Then, fullerene C32 has a more elaborated structure, because is formed by six squares, and twelve hexagons. The next fullerene that we review is C48 which is formed by six octagons, eight hexagons, and twelve squares. The three previous fullerenes are well known. Our following fullerene is C80 with six faces integrated by four heptagons, and one centred square. Then, we present C128 with six faces formed by five hexagons, and two heptagons, with vertex formed by three pentagons, each of them. Furthermore, we consider the classical fullerene C152 with six faces integrated by six hexagons with one centred hexagon. Finally, we present C164 which is formed by pentagons, hexagons, and heptagons.
Space-time breather solution for nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations
Authors: Takei Yasuhiro , Iwata Yoritaka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Klein-Gordon equations describe the dynamics of waves/particles in sub-atomic scales. For nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations, their breather solutions are usually known as time periodic solutions with the vanishing spatial-boundary condition. The existence of breather solution is known for the Sine-Gordon equations, while the Sine-Gordon equations are also known as the soliton equation. The breather solutions is a certain kind of time periodic solutions that are not only play an essential role in the bridging path to the chaotic dynamics, but provide multi-dimensional closed loops inside phase space. In this paper, based on the high-precision numerical scheme, the appearance of breather mode is studied for nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations with periodic boundary condition. The spatial periodic boundary condition is imposed, so that the breathing-type solution in our scope is periodic with respect both to time and space. In conclusion, the existence condition of space-time periodic solution is presented, and the compact manifolds inside the infinite-dimensional dynamical system is shown. The space-time breather solutions of Klein-Gordon equations can be a fundamental building block for the sub-atomic nonlinear dynamics.