bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting health literacy in people with intellectual disabilities via explanatory videos: scoping reviews
Authors: Vetter Nils Sebastian , Voß Matthias , Bruland Dirk , Seidl Norbert , Latteck Änne-Dörte 
Published: November 2021

Summary
People with intellectual disabilities have a significant lower level of health literacy compared to the general population which exacerbates participation of the target group. Therefore, people with ID shall be strengthened with regard to health literacy. Explanatory videos are a promising approach to reach that goal. Yet, explanatory videos are neither frequently used in people with intellectual disabilities nor is known a lot about the efficacy of explanatory videos. Two scoping reviews were conducted. One review is an update of an existing review dealing with Health Literacy in people with intellectual disabilities. The second review focused on explanatory videos and people with intellectual disabilities. CINAHL, PubMed, PubPsych and Web of Science were searched. Health Literacy and intellectual disability: nine publications were identified: five publications focused on several aspects of Health Literacy in the target group. A total of four publications discussed ways to increase Health Literacy in people with intellectual disabilities. One publication described existing barriers in accessing and understanding health-related information for people with intellectual disabilities. Explanatory videos and intellectual disability: No eligible publications could be found. The conceptual discussion on health literacy in people with intellectual disabilities is continuing. Nevertheless, often only small subgroups are addressed. Although ideas for increasing health literacy in people with intellectual disabilities exist, there are only little interventions that were scientifically evaluated. There are publications that deal with explanatory videos in the context of intellectual disability, but they do not focus on the efficacy of these videos or special needs of the target group.
Folic Acid Treatment for Patients with Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gofir Abdul , Wibowo Samekto , Hakimi Muhammad , Putera David Dwi , Satriotomo Irawan , Mustofa Mustofa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
As the life expectancy of elderly people has drastically increased, the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in this population has proportionally grown. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) refers to all forms of cognitive disorder associated with cerebrovascular disease. Homocysteine has recently been recognized as a contributor to the pathomechanisms involved in cognitive impairment. B vitamins, such as folic acid, are known to be effective in lowering homocysteine levels.

Aim of the Study
To evaluate the efficacy of folic acid in patients with VCI.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of research on folic acid treatments for VCI. Only randomized controlled trials studies that compared the efficacy of folic acid to placebo or other interventions were considered, irrespective of publication status, year of publication, and languages. Two independent reviewers searched the Medline via Ovid, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central) journal databases up to July 2021 and independently appraised the included studies. We used mean difference outcome with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to calculate the change of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), cognitive function domain, and concentration of homocysteine.

Results
We found three studies comparing folic acid with placebo and one study comparing folic acid with other interventions. There is only slight evidence that the MMSE score in patients who received Folic Acid increased 0.3 point higher compared to the placebo group after 24 months (95% CI:-0.12-0.37; p=0.31). There is very strong evidence that the concentration of Homocysteine in the Folic Acid group became 6.16 μmol/L lower compared to the placebo group after 6 months (95% CI:2.32-8.21 lower; p&lt;0.001).

Conclusions
Our review shows the effectiveness of folic acid in lowering plasma homocysteine concentration after 6 months period compared to placebo. However, this effect is not accompanied by improvement in cognitive function.
BSAC Vanguard Series: The future of antibiotic stewardship—managing access and excess
Authors: Goff Debra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Antibiotic stewardship is absolutely crucial in the fight to control antimicrobial resistance. Everyone has a part to play. Grassroots action is essential; it is no good sitting back and waiting for world leaders to solve this problem. In this article I outline some of the challenges and the steps that everyone can take to do their part in tackling the slow-moving crisis of AMR.
Responsible Rebels: Exploring Correlations Between Compliance and Reparations in Non-International Armed Conflicts
Authors: Heffes Ezequiel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article aims at challenging certain conceptions related to the activities of non-State armed groups (NSAGs) in armed conflict. Contrary to the conventional thinking that all NSAGs are violent and disrespectful of international law, not only are some of them are aware of the applicable rules, they have even adopted measures to respect, implement and enforce the obligations contained therein, thus willingly restricting their own behaviours and prerogatives. In the context of these practices—and despite the lack of a clear legal framework addressing their international responsibility as collective entities, NSAGs have also dealt with violations of international law by their own members in various ways: some groups have publicly committed to provide compensation, while others have issued public apologies and modified their internal codes of conduct to prohibit the commission of certain acts by their members. NSAGs have also signed Geneva Call’s Deeds of Commitment, through which they pledge to prevent the violation of specific norms. Based on these responses, this article’s goal is to explore certain correlations that may exist between NSAGs’ degree of compliance with international humanitarian law and the manner in which they have reacted to possible breaches of this normative framework. In doing so, it examines the reasons why NSAGs may have a different attitude when responding to international law violations and concludes by proposing some causal factors that may serve to explain the adoption of restorative measures.
Genetic evidence for the requirements of antroquinonol biosynthesis byAntrodia camphorataduring liquid-state fermentation
Authors: Xia Yongjun , Zhou Xuan , Liang Lihong , Liu Xiaofeng , Li Hui , Xiong Zhiqiang , Wang Guangqiang , Song Xin , Ai Lianzhong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe solid-state fermentation of Antrodia camphorata could produce a variety of ubiquinone compounds, such as antroquinonol (AQ). However, AQ is hardly synthesized during liquid-state fermentation (LSF). To investigates the mechanism of AQ synthesis, three precursors (ubiquinone 0 UQ0, farnesol and farnesyl diphosphate FPP) were added in LSF. The results showed that UQ0 successfully induced AQ production; however, farnesol and FPP could not induce AQ synthesis. The precursor that restricts the synthesis of AQ is the quinone ring, not the isoprene side chain. Then, the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system of A. camphorata was established and the genes for quinone ring modification (coq2-6) and isoprene synthesis (HMGR, fps) were overexpressed. The results showed that overexpression of genes for isoprene side chain synthesis could not increase the yield of AQ, but overexpression of coq2 and coq5 could significantly increase AQ production. This is consistent with the results of the experiment of precursors. It indicated that the A. camphorata lack the ability to modify the quinone ring of AQ during LSF. Of the modification steps, prenylation of UQ0 is the key step of AQ biosynthesis. The result will help us to understand the genetic evidence for the requirements of AQ biosynthesis in A. camphorata.
Increasing the information content of realized volatility forecasts
Authors: Pascalau Razvan , Poirier Ryan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Assuming N available calendar days, each with M intraday returns, the realized volatility literature suggests creating N end-of-day estimators by summing the M squared returns from each particular date. Instead of this “Calendar” [realized variance (RV)] approach, we propose a “Rolling” [rolling RV (RRV)] approach that simply sums trailing M returns at each timestamp, regardless if all M returns belong to the same calendar date. When estimating an out-of-sample 1-day realized volatility model, the former results in an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression with N−1 datapoints while the latter incorporates M(N−2)+1 datapoints, effectively lowering the standard errors, and potentially resulting in more accurate forecasts. We compare both models for the S&P 500 and 26 Dow Jones Industrial Average stocks; our results generally suggest that the Rolling approach yields both statistically and economically significant superior out-of-sample performance over the traditional Calendar approach.
Genetic diversity and population structure for ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) in Costa Rica
Authors: Salom-Pérez Roberto , Wultsch Claudia , Adams Jennifer R , Soto-Fournier Sofía , Gutiérrez-Espeleta Gustavo A , Waits Lisette P 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOcelots (Leopardus pardalis) are a wide-ranging felid species, occurring from southern United States to northern Argentina. They occupy various habitats and are usually considered the most abundant wild cat species in the Neotropics. However, genetic studies that include free-ranging Mesoamerican ocelots are rare and generally based on small sample sizes. This is the first conservation genetics study on ocelots in Costa Rica and the second one in Mesoamerica that has conducted a genetic assessment of the species at a countrywide scale. We evaluated genetic diversity and population structure of ocelots using 15 microsatellite loci in 28 successfully genotyped individuals from throughout the country. We also compared genetic diversity of Costa Rican ocelots with that of jaguars (Panthera onca) and pumas (Puma concolor) in the country, and with ocelots in Belize. Genetic diversity of ocelots in Costa Rica was relatively high as measured by rarified allelic richness (AR = 5.50 ± 1.36) and expected heterozygosities (HE = 0.79 ± 0.08). We did not detect patterns of genetic substructure, suggesting high levels of gene flow throughout the country and no strong barriers to movement. As expected, genetic diversity of Costa Rican ocelots was higher than co-occurring jaguars and pumas. Additionally, levels of genetic diversity were slightly higher in Costa Rican ocelots when compared with their counterparts in Belize, confirming the south to north decrease in genetic diversity reported in other studies. Our study provides critical baseline information to understand the status of wild ocelot populations in Costa Rica. Future studies on ocelots and other threatened or keystone species should also integrate genetic monitoring and conservation genetics analysis to properly inform management decisions, guarantee their long-term survival, and improve the resilience of ecosystems.
Dissecting the genetic control of natural variation in sorghum photosynthetic response to drought stress
Authors: Ortiz Diego , Salas-Fernandez Maria G 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDrought stress causes crop yield losses worldwide. Sorghum is a C4 species tolerant to moderate drought stress, and its extensive natural variation for photosynthetic traits under water-limiting conditions can be exploited for developing cultivars with enhanced stress tolerance. The objective of this study was to discover genes/genomic regions that control the sorghum photosynthetic capacity under pre-anthesis water-limiting conditions. We performed a genome-wide association study for seven photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence traits during three periods of contrasting soil volumetric water content (VWC): control (30% VWC), drought (15% VWC), and recovery (30% VWC). Water stress was imposed with an automated irrigation system that generated a controlled dry-down period for all plants, to perform an unbiased genotypic comparison. A total of 60 genomic regions were associated with natural variation in one or more photosynthetic traits in a particular treatment or with derived variables. We identified 33 promising candidate genes with predicted functions related to stress signaling, oxidative stress protection, hormonal response to stress, and dehydration protection. Our results provide new knowledge about the natural variation and genetic control of sorghum photosynthetic response to drought with the ultimate goal of improving its adaptation and productivity under water stress scenarios.
Ultra-diffuse galaxies in the perseus cluster: comparing galaxy properties with globular cluster system richness
Authors: Gannon Jonah S , Forbes Duncan A , Romanowsky Aaron J , Ferré-Mateu Anna , Couch Warrick J , Brodie Jean P , Huang Song , Janssens Steven R , Okabe Nobuhiro 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
It is clear that within the class of ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs), there is an extreme range in the richness of their associated globular cluster (GC) systems. Here, we report the structural properties of five UDGs in the Perseus cluster based on deep Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam imaging. Three appear GC-poor and two appear GC-rich. One of our sample, PUDG_R24, appears to be undergoing quenching and is expected to fade into the UDG regime within the next ∼0.5 Gyr. We target this sample with Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI) spectroscopy to investigate differences in their dark matter haloes, as expected from their differing GC content. Our spectroscopy measures both recessional velocities, confirming Perseus cluster membership, and stellar velocity dispersions, to measure dynamical masses within their half-light radius. We supplement our data with that from the literature to examine trends in galaxy parameters with GC system richness. We do not find the correlation between GC numbers and UDG phase space positioning expected if GC-rich UDGs environmentally quench at high redshift. We do find GC-rich UDGs to have higher velocity dispersions than GC-poor UDGs on average, resulting in greater dynamical mass within the half-light radius. This agrees with the first order expectation that GC-rich UDGs have higher halo masses than GC-poor UDGs.
Event rate predictions of strongly lensed gravitational waves with detector networks and more realistic templates
Authors: Yang Lilan , Wu Shichao , Liao Kai , Ding Xuheng , You Zhiqiang , Cao Zhoujian , Biesiada Marek , Zhu Zong-Hong 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Strong lensing of gravitational waves (GWs) is attracting growing attention of the community. The event rates of lensed GWs by galaxies were predicted in numerous papers, which used some approximations to evaluate the GW strains detectable by a single detector. The joint detection of GW signals by a network of instruments will increase the detecting ability of fainter and farther GW signals, which could increase the detection rate of the lensed GWs, especially for the 3rd generation detectors, e.g. Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer (CE). Moreover, realistic GW templates will improve the accuracy of the prediction. In this work, we consider the detection of galaxy-scale lensed GW events under the 2nd, 2.5th, and 3rd generation detectors with the network scenarios and adopt the realistic templates to simulate GW signals. Our forecast is based on the Monte Carlo technique which enables us to take Earth’s rotation into consideration. We find that the overall detection rate is improved, especially for the 3rd generation detector scenarios. More precisely, it increases by ∼37 per cent adopting realistic templates, and under network detection strategy, further increases by ∼58 per cent comparing with adoption of the realistic templates, and we estimate that the 3rd generation GW detectors will detect hundreds lensed events per year. The effect from the Earth’s rotation is weakened in the detector network strategy.
H I in and behind the Hubble Frontier Field clusters: a deep MeerKAT pilot search out to z ∼ 0.5
Authors: Ranchod Shilpa , Deane Roger , Obreschkow Danail , Blecher Tariq , Heywood Ian 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) are a selection of well-studied galaxy clusters used to probe dense environments and distant gravitationally lensed galaxies. We explore the 21cm neutral hydrogen (H i) content of galaxies in three of the HFF clusters, Abell 2744 (z = 0.308), Abell S1063 (z = 0.346), and Abell 370 (z = 0.375), to investigate the evolution of gas in galaxies within intermediate redshift clusters. Using Early Science MeerKAT observations, we perform spectral-line stacking with H i cubes and make a 3σ stacked detection for blue galaxies in Abell S1063 ($M_\mathrm{HI} = 1.22^{+0.38}_{-0.36}\, \times 10^{10}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$). We determine the 3σ H i mass detection limits of Abell 2744 and Abell 370 to be at the knee of the H i mass function. A final, more ambitious objective of this work is to search for gravitationally lensed H i emission behind these clusters, enabled by MeerKAT’s wide instantaneous bandwidth. We find no evidence of highly magnified H i emission at 0.33 &lt; z &lt; 0.58. The low thermal noise levels achieved in these pilot observations, despite short integration times, highlights the enormous potential of future MeerKAT H i observations of dense environments, and the intermediate-redshift Universe.
Observed versus simulated halo c–Mvir relations
Authors: Leier Dominik , Ferreras Ignacio , Negri Andrea , Saha Prasenjit 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The concentration – virial mass relation is a well-defined trend that reflects the formation of structure in an expanding universe. Numerical simulations reveal a marked correlation that depends on the collapse time of dark matter haloes and their subsequent assembly history. However, observational constraints are mostly limited to the massive end via X-ray emission of the hot diffuse gas in clusters. An alternative approach, based on gravitational lensing over galaxy scales, revealed an intriguingly high concentration at Milky Way-sized haloes. This letter focuses on the robustness of these results by adopting a bootstrapping approach that combines stellar and lensing mass profiles. We also apply the identical methodology to simulated haloes from eagle to assess any systematic. We bypass several shortcomings of ensemble type lens reconstruction and conclude that the mismatch between observed and simulated concentration–to–virial–mass relations are robust, and need to be explained either invoking a lensing-related sample selection bias, or a careful investigation of the evolution of concentration with assembly history. For reference, at a halo mass of 1012M⊙, the concentration of observed lenses is c$_{12}\, \sim 40\ \pm$ 5, whereas simulations give c$_{12}\, \sim 15\ \pm$ 1.
Slow Recovery from Inbreeding Depression Generated by the Complex Genetic Architecture of Segregating Deleterious Mutations
Authors: Adams Paula E , Crist Anna B , Young Ellen M , Willis John H , Phillips Patrick C , Fierst Janna L 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe deleterious effects of inbreeding have been of extreme importance to evolutionary biology, but it has been difficult to characterize the complex interactions between genetic constraints and selection that lead to fitness loss and recovery after inbreeding. Haploid organisms and selfing organisms like the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are capable of rapid recovery from the fixation of novel deleterious mutation; however, the potential for recovery and genomic consequences of inbreeding in diploid, outcrossing organisms are not well understood. We sought to answer two questions: 1) Can a diploid, outcrossing population recover from inbreeding via standing genetic variation and new mutation? and 2) How does allelic diversity change during recovery? We inbred C. remanei, an outcrossing relative of C. elegans, through brother-sister mating for 30 generations followed by recovery at large population size. Inbreeding reduced fitness but, surprisingly, recovery from inbreeding at large populations sizes generated only very moderate fitness recovery after 300 generations. We found that 65% of ancestral single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were fixed in the inbred population, far fewer than the theoretical expectation of ∼99%. Under recovery, 36 SNPs across 30 genes involved in alimentary, muscular, nervous, and reproductive systems changed reproducibly across replicates, indicating that strong selection for fitness recovery does exist. Our results indicate that recovery from inbreeding depression via standing genetic variation and mutation is likely to be constrained by the large number of segregating deleterious variants present in natural populations, limiting the capacity for recovery of small populations.
A periplasmic cupredoxin with a green CuT1.5 center is involved in bacterial copper tolerance
Authors: Durand Anne , Fouesnard Mélanie , Bourbon Marie-Line , Steunou Anne-Soisig , Lojou Elisabeth , Dorlet Pierre , Ouchane Soufian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The importance of copper resistance pathways in pathogenic bacteria is now well recognized, since macrophages use copper to fight bacterial infections. Additionally, considering the increase of antibiotic resistance, growing attention is given to the antimicrobial properties of copper. It is of primary importance to understand how bacteria deal with copper. The Cu-resistant cuproprotein CopI is present in many human bacterial pathogens and environmental bacteria and crucial under microaerobiosis (conditions for most pathogens to thrive within their host). Hence, understanding its mechanism of function is essential. CopI proteins share conserved histidine, cysteine, and methionine residues that could be ligands for different copper binding sites, among which the cupredoxin center could be involved in the protein function. Here, we demonstrated that Vibrio cholerae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa CopI restore the Cu-resistant phenotype in the Rubrivivax gelatinosus ΔcopI mutant. We identified that Cys125 (ligand in the cupredoxin center) and conserved histidines and methionines are essential for R. gelatinosus CopI (RgCopI) function. We also performed spectroscopic analyses of the purified RgCopI protein and showed that it is a green cupredoxin able to bind a maximum of three Cu(II) ions: (i) a green Cu site (CuT1.5), (ii) a type 2 Cu binding site (T2) located in the N-terminal region, and (iii) a third site with a yet unidentified location. CopI is therefore one member of the poorly described CuT1.5 center cupredoxin family. It is unique, since it is a single-domain cupredoxin with more than one Cu site involved in Cu resistance.
Donaldson–Thomas Invariants For 3-Calabi–Yau Varieties Of Dihedral Quotient Type
Authors: Mozgovoy Sergey , Reineke Markus 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We compute motivic Donaldson–Thomas invariants for crepant resolutions of quotients of affine three-space by even dihedral groups in terms of an affine type D root system, using double dimensional reduction and the representation theory of affine type D quivers.