bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Health Literacy and Patient Activation Related to Health Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients?
Authors: Kanu Chisom , Brown Carolyn M. , Rascati Karen , Moczygemba Leticia R. , Mackert Michael , Wilfong Lalan 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Assessing health literacy and patient activation at the beginning of care could facilitate the provision of appropriate information to patients with breast cancer and increase the effectiveness of interventions geared toward improving patient involvement in self-managing their health and, consequently, their quality of life.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate cancer health literacy and patient activation in patients with breast cancer as well as examine their relationships to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and resource use.

Methods:
Patients with breast cancer positive for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2+) receiving care at 12 oncology clinics in Texas were offered participation in the study via convenience sampling. The survey consisted of the 6-item Cancer Health Literacy Tool, the 13-item Patient Activation Measure, the 27-item Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – General (version 4), and single-item measures for number of emergency department visits and hospitalizations as well as clinical and demographic characteristics.

Key Results:

The mean age of the 146 study participants was 57.1 ± 10.8 years; 92% (
n
= 134) had a high probability (≥0.7) of adequate cancer health literacy whereas 68% percent (
n
= 99) had high patient activation (level 3 or 4). Cancer health literacy had significant positive relationships with education and household income. Patient activation, education, and number of treatment types received explained 23% of the variation in HRQoL, and all except cancer health literacy were positive and significant predictors. No bivariate/multivariate analysis was conducted for emergency department visits and hospitalizations because there were few reported incidents.

Conclusions:

Interventions that aim to improve HRQoL in patients with breast cancer could target modifiable factors like patient activation. The homogeneity of cancer health literacy among study participants might have influenced its nonsignificant relationship with HRQoL and patient activation. Further assessments of health literacy and patient activation in larger and more diverse populations of patients with breast cancer are warranted.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2021;5(3):e171–e178.]

Plain Language Summary:
In this study, the majority of patients with breast cancer were found to have high levels of cancer health literacy, patient activation, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The significant relationship between patient activation and HRQoL implies that patients with breast cancer who are able to actively participate in managing their health and health care are more likely to have higher HRQoL. Interventions that aim to improve HRQoL in patients with breast cancer could target modifiable factors like patient activation.
Health Literacy, Primary Care Health Care Providers, and Communication
Authors: Mor-Anavy Shirly , Lev-Ari Shahar , Levin-Zamir Diane 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Decision-makers and health professionals face challenges in providing quality medical services while optimizing diminishing resources. Health literacy is associated with health outcomes and health system costs and influences the way in which communication is managed in the health system.

Objective:
This study examined the association between the level of health literacy of service providers in the community, their awareness of health literacy, their attitudes toward health literacy promotion, and the way in which they communicate with patients with low health literacy.

Methods:
A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted among 50 physicians and 50 administrative staff members in community clinics of the Maccabi Health Maintenance Organization in Israel.

Key Results:

Significant positive associations were found (
p
< .05) between the level of health literacy, the attitudes toward health literacy promotion, and the degree to which special communication techniques were used when treating patients with low health literacy. Significant associations were found (
p
< .01) between the level of awareness, as well as the attitudes toward health literacy promotion and the degree to which communication techniques were applied. Higher health literacy is associated with more favorable attitudes toward health literacy promotion. Additionally, a significant positive association (
p
< .01) was found between the attitudes toward health literacy promotion and the use of communication techniques. No mediation was found among the research variables.

Conclusions:

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that examines health literacy among physicians. The results indicate gaps in the awareness of, and attitudes toward, health literacy among community health care providers, thus suggesting the need for developing and applying guidelines for improving efforts of health system providers regarding health literacy and for applying recommended tools for health communication.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2021;5(3):e194–e200.]

Plain Language Summary:
This study examined the link between the health literacy of health care providers (e.g., physicians, service administrators), their awareness and attitudes toward health literacy promotion, and how they communicate with patients with low health literacy. The findings showed significant and positive relationships between these aspects of health literacy as well as gaps in the health care system that need to be addressed.
Loss of mTORC2 Activity in Neutrophils Impairs Fusion of Granules and Affects Cellular Metabolism Favoring Increased Bacterial Burden in Sepsis
Authors: Breda Cristiane Naffah de Souza , Breda Leandro Carvalho Dantas , Carvalho Larissa Anastácio da Costa , Amano Mariane Tami , Terra Fernanda Fernandes , Silva Reinaldo Correia , Fragas Matheus Garcia , Forni Maria Fernanda , Fonseca Monique Thaís Costa , Venturini Gabriela , Feitosa Amanda Campelo Melo , Ghirotto Bruno , Cruz Mario Costa , Cunha Flávia Franco , Ignacio Aline , Latância Marcela , Castoldi Angela , Andrade-Oliveira Vinícius , Martins da Silva Eloisa , Hiyane Meire Ioshie , Pereira Alexandre da Costa , Festuccia William , Meotti Flávia Carla , Câmara Niels Olsen Saraiva 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sepsis is a complex infectious syndrome in which neutrophil participation is crucial for patient survival. Neutrophils quickly sense and eliminate the pathogen by using different effector mechanisms controlled by metabolic processes. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is an important route for metabolic regulation, and its role in neutrophil metabolism has not been fully understood yet, especially the importance of mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) in the neutrophil effector functions. In this study, we observed that the loss of Rictor (mTORC2 scaffold protein) in primary mouse-derived neutrophils affects their chemotaxis by fMLF and their microbial killing capacity, but not the phagocytic capacity. We found that the microbicidal capacity was impaired in Rictor-deleted neutrophils because of an improper fusion of granules, reducing the hypochlorous acid production. The loss of Rictor also led to metabolic alterations in isolated neutrophils, increasing aerobic glycolysis. Finally, myeloid-Rictor–deleted mice (LysMRic Δ/Δ) also showed an impairment of the microbicidal capacity, increasing the bacterial burden in the Escherichia coli sepsis model. Overall, our results highlight the importance of proper mTORC2 activation for neutrophil effector functions and metabolism during sepsis.
Optimizing Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells in Samples Requiring Cryopreservation from Tumor-Bearing Mice
Authors: Carlson Peter M , Mohan Manasi , Patel Ravi B , Birstler Jen , Nettenstrom Lauren , Sheerar Dagna , Fox Kathryn , Rodriguez Matthew , Hoefges Anna , Hernandez Reinier , Zahm Chris , Kim KyungMann , McNeel Douglas G , Weichert Jamey , Morris Zachary S , Sondel Paul M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Most shared resource flow cytometry facilities do not permit analysis of radioactive samples. We are investigating low-dose molecular targeted radionuclide therapy (MTRT) as an immunomodulator in combination with in situ tumor vaccines and need to analyze radioactive samples from MTRT-treated mice using flow cytometry. Further, the sudden shutdown of core facilities in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented work stoppage. In these and other research settings, a robust and reliable means of cryopreservation of immune samples is required. We evaluated different fixation and cryopreservation protocols of disaggregated tumor cells with the aim of identifying a protocol for subsequent flow cytometry of the thawed sample, which most accurately reflects the flow cytometric analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment of a freshly disaggregated and analyzed sample. Cohorts of C57BL/6 mice bearing B78 melanoma tumors were evaluated using dual lymphoid and myeloid immunophenotyping panels involving fixation and cryopreservation at three distinct points during the workflow. Results demonstrate that freezing samples after all staining and fixation are completed most accurately matches the results from noncryopreserved equivalent samples. We observed that cryopreservation of living, unfixed cells introduces a nonuniform alteration to PD1 expression. We confirm the utility of our cryopreservation protocol by comparing tumors treated with in situ tumor vaccines, analyzing both fresh and cryopreserved tumor samples with similar results. Last, we use this cryopreservation protocol with radioactive specimens to demonstrate potentially beneficial effector cell changes to the tumor immune microenvironment following administration of a novel MTRT in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
Rhinoscleroma
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Debta Priyanka , Sahu Mahesh Chandra 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Rhinoscleroma (RS) is a chronic granulomatous disease due to infection of Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. It often affects the respiratory mucosa, especially the nasal cavity and sometimes extends lower respiratory tract. RS is more common in certain geographical area than in others, but the pathogenesis and the risk factors of RS are still unclear.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective study done between January 2014 and December 2019. The diagnosis of the RS was done on the basis of clinical presentations and histopathological findings. Details of clinical findings, investigations, and treatment were analyzed.

Results:
There were 13 cases of RS diagnosed after confirmation with histopathological examination. The female to male ratio was 1.6:1 with a mean age of 36 years. The most common clinical presentation was nasal obstruction. All were treated with ciprofloxacin. Relapse occurred in three cases which were confirmed by biopsy.

Conclusion:
RS is a rare clinical entity in Eastern India. Awareness of the clinical presentations of RS and early diagnosis will reduce the morbidity of this disease.
Self-perceived Multidimensional Health Control Locus Among Central Indian Dental Students
Authors: Singh Aishwarya , Bhambal Ajay , Harish Abhishek , Tiwari Vidhatri , Tiwari Utkarsh , Santha Binu 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Assessment of multidimensional locus of control (MLOC) will reveal the effect of professionalization among dental students. The aim of this study was to know the possible factors with effect health locus of control (HLC) of Indian dental students.

Methodology:
The study population comprised 230 dental students. MLOC was recorded using Form type C with 18 questions. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
Comparison of the mean scores for the three-multidimensional health locus of control subscales (Internal, Chance, and Powerful Others) from the first year to the final year showed that the mean score for the Internal subscale was consistently higher, followed by the mean scores for powerful others and chance in all the years of study. The Internal subscale mean increased from the first year to the second year of study and then decreased from the third year to the final year of study (P = 0.004).

Conclusion:
Internal HLCs dominated the study population, and the mean internal scores increased from the first BDS to the final year.
Evaluation of Corneal Biomechanical Properties in Spherical and Toric Soft Contact Lens Wear
Authors: Mishra Neeta , Tandale Mamta , Madan Veshal , Chotaliya Rekha , Bajare Uday 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
Corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor was found to be less for patient wearing toric contact lens as compared to soft spherical CH was calculated as the difference in air pressures between force-in applanation (P1) and force-out applanation (P2), or (P1–P2).

Materials and Methods:
This was the prospective study, 40 eyes of 22 patients with mean age of 22.09 ± 4.05 years. Eleven eyes were fitted with soft toric contact lens and 29 eyes were fitted with soft spherical contact lens. Dry eye, keratoconic or any systemic pathology were excluded. Soft toric and soft spherical contact lenses (Comfilcon A, Coopervision, and Southampton, UK) were fitted. The Ocular response Analyzer (Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments, Depew, New York, USA) was used to measure CH before and after 3 months using soft toric and soft spherical contact lenses. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the demographic data. Paired t-test was employed for analyzing the difference between the base line value of CH with soft toric and soft spherical contact lens wearers after 3 months. Independent t-test was used to find the association between CH and gender.

Results:
CH was found to be lesser after 3 months of soft toric contact lens wear, as compared with soft spherical contact lenses. Mean increase of CH was found to range from 10.44 ± 0.96to 10.80 ± 0.96 mmHg (P = 0.000).

Conclusion:
In this study, there was a decrease in CH after using soft toric contact lenses and increase after using soft spherical contact lenses for 3 months. The increased CH with soft spherical contact lens was reversible in nature. However, CH may differ between lens type and modality of wear which can lead to long-term changes in the corneal biomechanical properties.
Uniformly quasi-Hermitian groups are supramenable
Authors: Azam Mahmud , Samei Ebrahim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMotivated by the recent result in Samei and Wiersma (2020,Advances in Mathematics359, 106897) that quasi-Hermitian groups are amenable, we consider a generalization of this property on discrete groups associated to certain Roe-type algebras; we call ituniformly quasi-Hermitian. We show that the class of uniformly quasi-Hermitian groups is contained in the class of supramenable groups and includes all subexponential groups. We also show that they are invariant under quasi-isometry.
Analytic order-isomorphisms of countable dense subsets of the unit circle
Authors: Burke Maxim R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor functions in$C^k(\mathbb {R})$which commute with a translation, we prove a theorem on approximation by entire functions which commute with the same translation, with a requirement that the values of the entire function and its derivatives on a specified countable set belong to specified dense sets. Using this theorem, we show that ifAandBare countable dense subsets of the unit circle$T\subseteq \mathbb {C}$with$1\notin A$,$1\notin B$, then there is an analytic function$h\colon \mathbb {C}\setminus \{0\}\to \mathbb {C}$that restricts to an order isomorphism of the arc$T\setminus \{1\}$onto itself and satisfies$h(A)=B$and$h'(z)\not =0$when$z\in T$. This answers a question of P. M. Gauthier.
Glasboslovni instrumentarij v času premen znanstvenih obrazcev
Authors: Bergamo Marija 
Published: July 2021

Prispevek obravnava položaj glasboslovne stroke in njenih orodij glede na zapletenost konteksta (širšega, t.i. stvarnosti in ožjega, strokovnega), v katerem ji je delovati in napredovati. Kot ovire (tako za umetniško delo kot za oblikovanje znanstvene disciplinarne matrice) izpostavlja razsrediščenost naravnega okolja, v katerem ni zaslediti enovitejšega nazora, obstoj različnih, posamičnih kontekstov in, posledično, izločenih teoretičnih polj. Tudi glasboslovje zajemajo procesi dehomogenizacije, izgube zgodovinskega spomina in konstruiranja problemov, ki ne izhajajo iz vitalnih nalog stroke. Včerajšnjo estetsko refleksijo, v kateri se prežemata teoretična bit znanosti in estetska bit umetnosti, danes nadomešča komaj pregledna ponudba teoretičnih sistemov, modelov, analitičnih metod. Teorije se ukvarjajo druga z drugo, bolj kot s fenomeni, ki naj bi jih razlagale. Pri tem se pogosto prezrejo tiste teoretične podmene in zasnove, ki so vkomponirane v glasbeno delo in v njem presnovljene. Teorija pogosto sama gradi tako nalogo kot tudi instrumentarij za njeno razreševanje. Tudi muzikologija vse bolj postaja avtoreproduktivna in avtoreferencialna znanost. Perspektive? Na svoji nadaljnji poti bo gotovo morala ponovno najti pot do prvotnega, organskega glasbenega impulza, ki naj bi vodil misel o glasbi. Oprla naj bi se tudi na novopridobljeno pravico do osebnega odzivanja na pojave, do interpretacije kot temeljnega glasbenega operativnega načela, celo do znanstvene avanture kot posledice silovite osebne izkušnje z umetnostjo. Vendar se dvom v možnost ponovne vzpostavitve trdnejšega referenčnega sistema in enovitejšega pogleda na celoto zdi še nadalje upravičen.
Deconstructing voice
Authors: Dolar Mladen 
Published: July 2021

The paper takes its starting point in Derrida's famous essay 'Plato's Pharmacy', one of the birthplaces of deconstruction. After briefly delineating Derrida's argument about phonocentrism and the pharmakon as both the poison and the cure, it tries to argue for a different view about the relationship of voice and writing. If one takes a closer look at Plato's conception of music, one can see that Plato sees the danger not only in the supplementarity of writing, but also in the voice itself. The voice, if it strays away from the firm footing in the word, in logos, has the perilous property of presenting the pure frivolous enjoyment, it threatens to mollify the spirit by its sensuality and effemination and thus to undermine the very bases of social and moral structures. Thus it appears that the analysis of pharmakon can apply equally, or even more appropriately, to the voice as to writing. A long tradition followed in Plato's footsteps and the paper briefly examines St. Augustine, the problems that the voice presented for church music and finally the French revolution, which tried to legislate in musical matters unwittingly following Plato's recipes. So throughout the metaphysical tradition the voice was not merely seen as the safeguard of phonocentrism and the 'metaphysics of presence', but presented also the perilous underside of dislocating the presence, not merely supporting the logos, but also dismantling it. The history of music massively testifies to the inherent ambiguity of the voice itself. So the problem is not just deconstructing the voice as the pledge of phonocentrism, but also of the voice being itself deconstructive of the presence. Hence the ambiguity of the title.
Critical Questiones About Deconstrution or About De-Centring Of The Relation Between Philosophy And Music
Authors: Šuvaković Miško 
Published: July 2021

Entirely dissimilar endeavours of problematizing a canonic positioning of music, musicology, aesthetics and philosophy through self-comprehensiveness of a piece-as-a-source hoe et tunc, have led to criticism ar deconstruction of 'self-comprehensiveness' and 'objective autonomy' of music as an art, and of a music piece as a carrier or a centred source of music as an art. Those scarce approaches can be specified from Adorno's contextualization in critical theory, Jacques Attali's developing the theory of exchange, to the New Musicology critiques oriented towards studies of culture, such as those of Richard Leppert, Susan McClary or Rose Rosengard Subotnik, which emphasize autonomy of music, or can be recognized in the psychoanalytical theorization of materialistic functions/effects of music and opera, such as of Mladen Dolar and Slavoj Žižek. From the teachings on deconstruction of the philosopher Jacques Derrida, directly ar indirectly entirely different approaches and applications are drawn, concerning hybrid and plural acts of interpretation of the canonic positioning of music, musicology, aesthetics and philosophy. In the further text I shall dwell on identifying and interpreting of a problem-oriented approach to the canonic relation of music, musicology, aesthetics and philosophy.
Principales factores del incumplimiento tributario del Impuesto al Valor Agregado en Guatemala
Authors: Hernández Salguero Mindi Paola 
Published: July 2021

La principal fuente de ingresos del Estado de Guatemala está representada por los ingresos tributarios, estos han permitido financiar los gastos públicos y por ende satisfacer las necesidades colectivas de los ciudadanos. En este sentido, es el Impuesto al Valor Agregado -IVA- el que representa el mayor peso recaudatorio en los ingresos tributarios, sin embargo, es el impuesto que ha manifestado la mayor tasa de incumplimiento. Por consiguiente, se identificaron los principales factores que inciden en el incumplimiento tributario del Impuesto al Valor Agregado –IVA- tales como: baja cultura tributaria, economía informal, falta de percepción de riesgo de control y fiscalización en el contribuyente. La investigación se apoyó en el método científico descriptivo, que permitió analizar de lo general a lo específico y utilizar fuentes primarias y secundarias, que coadyuvaron a comprobar la hipótesis y concluir que el incumplimiento tributario del IVA, transciende en contribuyentes registrados y no registrados de la base tributaria, que los programas de cultura tributaria efectuados, no han reflejado un cambio de actitud al cumplimiento tributario voluntario del ciudadano, que la afectación de la economía informal, además de incurrir en la recaudación, repercute en competencia desleal, entre otros. Este panorama, permite tener un acercamiento de las principales aristas de incumplimiento y con ello plantear posibles soluciones, para contrarrestar el incumplimiento tributario del IVA en Guatemala.
Aplicación del Control de Convencionalidad en el Orden interno en casos de Juicios Políticos
Authors: Cordón Vargas Víctor Hugo 
Published: July 2021

El control de convencionalidad en el orden interno desde su nacimiento ha experimentado diversos obstáculos que han impedido en ocasiones lograr el pleno respeto al derecho internacional de los derechos humanos por parte de las jurisdicciones nacionales; sin duda el tema que por antonomasia nos ocupa en el centro del debate es la jerarquía entre el derecho internacional y el derecho interno, concretamente la Constitución y su relación con los tratados internacionales de derechos humanos. Pues, derivado de los conflictos que en dichos ámbitos se originen y dependiendo de cuál de esos ámbitos tenga primacía sobre el otro, se advertirá la forma en la cual, se van a proteger los derechos humanos contemplados en las constituciones de cada Estado.
El objetivo del presente ensayo es resaltar los aspectos más importantes del control de convencionalidad en el orden interno en caso de juicios políticos, analizando los estándares establecidos por la jurisprudencia interamericana. El artículo 23 de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos contempla el derecho fundamental a participar en la función pública con igualdad de oportunidades, esto puede interpretarse, no únicamente relativo al derecho del voto sino como relativo al derecho que tienen los funcionarios públicos, de ejercer las funciones del cargo, según hayan accedido a éste por elección o por designación.