bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Stable Apatite Supported Molybdenum Oxide Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of Methanol to Formaldehyde: Structure, Activity and Stability
Authors: Thrane Joachim , Falholt Elvebakken Christopher , Juelsholt Mikkel , Lindahl Christiansen Troels , Jensen Kirsten M. Ø. , Pilsgaard Hansen Lars , Fahl Lundegaard Lars , Vie Mentzel Uffe , Thorhauge Max , Degn Jensen Anker , Høj Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMolybdenum oxide (5 to 20 wt.%) supported on calcium or strontium hydroxyapatite were investigated as catalysts for selective oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde. These catalysts were both active and selective, with a maximum yield achieved at 95 % conversion and 96 % selectivity. The main byproducts were CO (3.2 %) and dimethyl ether (DME, 0.7 %). The catalytic performance of the catalysts was measured for up to 600 h at 350 °C. Compared to an industrial iron molybdate catalyst, the hydroxyapatite based catalysts deactivated slower. The active species were found to be a surface layer of MoOxon the hydroxyapatite support, while excess molybdenum formed crystalline (Ca/Sr)MoO4, acting as a reservoir replenishing surface MoOxlost by volatilization with methanol. The excess molybdenum in the form of (Ca/Sr)MoO4was found to volatilize significantly slower than the excess MoO3in iron molybdate catalysts. The combination of high activity and selectivity with low rate of Mo volatilization makes this class of catalysts interesting for industrial production of formaldehyde.
Iodine(I) and Silver(I) Complexes of Benzoimidazole and Pyridylcarbazole Derivatives
Authors: Taipale Essi , Siepmann Marcel , Truong Khai‐Nghi , Rissanen Kari 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of iodine(I) complexes with either benzoimidazole or carbazole‐derived sp2 N‐containing Lewis bases is described, as well as their corresponding silver(I) complexes. The addition of elemental iodine to the linear two‐coordinate Ag(I) complexes produces iodine(I) complexes with a three‐center four‐electron (3c–4e) [N−I−N]+ bond. The 1H and 1H‐15N HMBC NMR studies unambiguously confirm the formation of the complexes in all cases via the [N−Ag−N]+→[N−I−N]+ cation exchange, with the 15N NMR chemical shift change between 94 to 111 ppm when compared to the free ligand. The single crystal X‐ray crystallographic studies on eight I+ complexes revealed highly symmetrical [N−I−N]+ bonds with I−N bond distances of 2.21–2.26 Å and N−I−N angles of 177–180°, whilst some of the corresponding Ag+ complexes showed a clear deviation from linearity with N−Ag−N angles of ca. 150° and Ag−N bond distances of 2.09–2.18 Å.
Recyclable Carbon Nitride Nanosheet‐Photocatalyzed Aminomethylation of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines in Green Solvent
Authors: Shi Tao , Liu Yu‐Ting , Wang Shan‐Shan , Lv Qi‐Yan , Yu Bing 
Published: October 2021

Comprehensive SummaryAn efficient and eco‐friendly carbon nitride nanosheet (NM‐g‐C3N4)‐catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reaction of imidazo‐fused heterocycles (i.e., imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines, benzo[d]imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole) with N‐phenylglycines in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) has been developed. The toxic solvents, external oxidants, and restricted reaction conditions could be effectively avoided in this powerful and sustainable protocol. Remarkably, NM‐g‐C3N4 could be straightforwardly recovered by simple centrifugation and recycled and reused at least 7 times without an obvious decrease in catalytic activity.
A Triphenylphosphonium Functionalized AIE Conjugated Macrocyclic Tetramaleimide for Mitochondrial‐targeting Bioimaging
Authors: Zeng Wei , Lin Mao‐Hua , Zhu Ling‐Yun , Lin Mei‐Jin 
Published: October 2021

Comprehensive SummaryDevelopment of subcellular organelle‐targeted bioimaging probes is of great importance in the field of early detection of diseases and exploring the behaviors of subcellular organelles. Herein, we present a triphenylphosphonium functionalized conjugated macrocyclic tetramaleimide (TPP‐CMT) as a mitochondrial‐targeting bioimaging probe. The core of TPP‐CMT is obtained by connecting two pyrenes and two benzenes through four maleimides. This unique structure endows TPP‐CMT with exceptional far red/near‐infrared aggregation‐induced emission (FR/NIR‐AIE) characteristics. TPP‐CMT is an excellent fluorescent emitter in most solvents and even in solid states. The quantum yield of TPP‐CMT was higher than 27% when dissolved in common middle‐polarity organic solvent and this value remained at 28.2% in its solid state. The introduction of four triphenylphosphonium on maleimide positions endows TPP‐CMT with mitochondrial‐targeting ability. Thanks to the FR/NIR‐AIE characteristics and the mitochondrial‐targeting ability, this well‐designed fluorescent probe was successfully employed for mitochondrial targeting bioimaging of HeLa and HepG2 cells.
Small Molecule: Polymer Blends for N‐type Organic Thin Film Transistors via Bar‐coating in Air
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Shi Yibo , Zhou Qian , Liu Jie , Jiang Lang , Han Yang 
Published: October 2021

Comprehensive SummaryFabricating n‐type organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) based on small molecules via solution processing under atmospheric conditions remains challenging. Blending small molecules with polymer is an effective strategy to improve the solution processibility and air stability of the resulted devices. In this study, polystyrene was chosen to blend with n‐type small molecule DPP1012‐4F to enhance the continuity of the semiconductor layer and maintain a favorable edge‐on stacking of semiconductors. The introduction of high‐boiling point 1‐chloronaphthalene as a solvent additive in the blending system can reduce the grain boundary defects in the microscopic morphology. These changes in aggregation behavior are confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and polarized optical microscopy analyses. Via bar‐coating of the semiconductor layers in air, the electron mobility of the resulted OTFTs under the optimal condition is 0.73 cm2·V–1·s–1, which is amongst the highest n‐type small molecule‐based OTFTs with active layers prepared in air up to now. These results show a great potential of the blending strategy in industrial roll‐to‐roll manufacture of high‐mobility n‐type OTFTs.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Characteristics of Tripegfilgrastim, a Pegylated G‐CSF, in Pediatric Patients with Solid Tumors
Authors: Lee Soyoung , Hong Kyung Taek , Moon Seol Ju , Choi Jung Yoon , Hong Che Ry , Shin Hee Young , Cho Joo‐Youn , Jang In‐Jin , Yu Kyung‐Sang , Oh Jaeseong , Kang Hyoung Jin 
Published: October 2021

A long‐acting granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, tripegfilgrastim, was approved in Korea for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia in adult patients. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of tripegfilgrastim in pediatric patients. A phase I, open‐label, single ascending‐dose study was performed in pediatric patients with solid tumors or lymphoma (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02963389). The patients were stratified according to age groups (aged 6 to 12 or 12 to 19 years) and received a single subcutaneous dose of tripegfilgrastim 60 μg/kg or 100 μg/kg. Tripegfilgrastim was administered 24 hours after the end of the chemotherapy, and serial blood sampling and safety monitoring were conducted. Twenty‐seven patients with solid tumors were enrolled in this study. Tripegfilgrastim was detectable in plasma for an extended period (terminal half‐life > 40 hours), and plasma concentrations increased slightly less than dose proportionally. The mean duration of grade 4 neutropenia was reduced as the average tripegfilgrastim concentration during the initial neutrophil recovery process increased. No substantial differences in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses were observed between the two age groups. When stratified by body weight, weighing more than 45 kg has a higher risk of a prolonged neutropenia period when receiving the lower dose (60 μg/kg) of tripegfilgrastim. Tripegfilgrastim was generally safe and well‐tolerated in the pediatric patients. These results justify further clinical investigations of tripegfilgrastim at 100 μg/kg dose in pediatric patients.
Days alive and out of hospital following transoral robotic surgery: Cohort study of 262 patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Larsen Mikkel H. H. , Scott Susanne I. , Channir Hani I. , Madsen Anne K. Ø. , Charabi Birgitte W. , Rubek Niclas , Tvedskov Jesper F. , Kehlet Henrik , von Buchwald Christian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDays alive and out of hospital (DAOH) is a validated outcome in clinical trials, since it reflects procedure‐associated morbidity and mortality. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has become a widely adopted procedure with increasing demand for knowledge and data on morbidity.MethodsRetrospective single‐center assessment of a prospective TORS database comprising patients treated for malignancy between 2013 and 2018 using DAOH to describe procedure‐ and disease‐related morbidity the first 12‐postoperative months.ResultsFor 262 patients, median DAOH365 was 357 days (IQR 351–360). Indications for TORS were (i) primary curative resection (61%), (ii) salvage resection (15%), and (iii) diagnostic work‐up of cancer of unknown primary in the head and neck (24%). Median DAOH365 was 359 days (IQR 351–361 days), 348 days (IQR 233–355), and 357 days (351–361), respectively. Pneumonia had the highest impact in DAOH365 reduction.ConclusionTotal median DAOH365 after TORS was 357 days. The main cause leading to DAOH365 reduction was pneumonia.
BMS‐986263 in patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis: 36‐week results from a randomized, placebo‐controlled phase 2 trial
Authors: Lawitz Eric J. , Shevell Diane E. , Tirucherai Giridhar S. , Du Shuyan , Chen Warner , Kavita Uma , Coste Angie , Poordad Fred , Karsdal Morten , Nielsen Mette , Goodman Zachary , Charles Edgar D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Hepatic fibrosis secondary to HCV infection can lead to cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation. Sustained virologic response (SVR) is possible with direct‐acting antiviral drug regimens; however, patients with advanced fibrosis have an increased risk for HCC. Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), a key collagen chaperone, has been implicated in fibrosis development. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of BMS‐986263, a lipid nanoparticle delivering small interfering RNA designed to degrade HSP47 mRNA, for the treatment of advanced fibrosis.

Approach and Results
NCT03420768 was a Phase 2, randomized (1:1:2), placebo‐controlled trial conducted at a hepatology clinic in the United States. Patients with HCV‐SVR (for ≥ 1 year) and advanced fibrosis received once‐weekly i.v. infusions of placebo or BMS‐986263 (45 or 90 mg) for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was ≥ 1 METAVIR stage improvement at Week 12; key secondary endpoints included Ishak score improvement, pharmacokinetics, fibrosis biomarkers, and safety. All 61 patients completed treatment, and 2/15 (13%, placebo), 3/18 (17%, 45 mg), and 6/28 (21%, 90 mg) had METAVIR improvements of ≥ 1 stage at Week 12. Five patients in the 90‐mg arm had Ishak improvements by ≥ 2 stages. BMS‐986263 plasma concentrations increased in a generally dose‐proportional fashion between BMS‐986263 doses, with no notable accumulation with weekly dosing. All adverse events (AEs) were mild or moderate in intensity; most treatment‐related AEs were infusion‐related reactions in the BMS‐986263 arms. At baseline, collagen levels were low, indicating low levels of fibrogenesis in these patients.

Conclusions
In patients with HCV‐SVR, BMS‐986263 administration was generally well tolerated through Week 36 and resulted in METAVIR and Ishak score improvements. Further evaluation of BMS‐986263 in patients with active fibrogenesis is warranted.
Primary care physician payment mechanisms toward universal health coverage: A study of Iran and selected countries
Authors: Rafiei Narges , Vatankhah Soudabeh , Kabir Mohammad Javad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and aimPrimary care physician (PCP) payment mechanisms can be important tools for addressing issues of access, quality, and equity in health care. The purpose of the present study is to compare the PCP payment mechanisms of Iran, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, England, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Turkey, and Thailand.MethodsThis is a descriptive‐comparative study comparing the PCP payment mechanisms of Iran and selected countries in 2020. Data for each country are collected from reliable databases and are tabulated to compare their payment models. Framework analysis is used for data analysis.ResultsThe results are provided in terms of PCP payment mechanisms, adjusting factor for capitation, reasons for fee‐for‐service payment, the role of pay‐for‐performance (PFP) programme, domain and indicators, and reasons for developing PFP in each country.ConclusionThe majority of the countries with high UHC service coverage index have applied a mix of PCP payment mechanisms, most of which include capitation and PFP. Moreover, adjusting capitation by factors such as age, sex, and health status will lead to provision of better services to high‐risk populations. In recent years, PFP has been paid to Iranian PCPs in addition to salary. Given the various existing models for primary health care in Iran and the increasing burden of chronic diseases, a more appropriate combination of payment mechanisms that create more incentives to provide active and high‐quality care should be developed. Also, when developing payment mechanisms, the required infrastructure such as electronic health record should be considered.
Is cytology/HPV co‐testing for cervical cancer screening useful in Japan?
Authors: Oishi Tetsuro , Kigawa Junzo , Iwanari Osamu , Kasai Tokuzo , Kurokawa Tetsuji , Hamada Masao , Fujita Hiromasa , Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Yokoyama Masatoshi , Sakuragi Noriaki , Harada Tasuku , Suzuki Mitsuaki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn Japan, no region has introduced primary HPV testing for cervical cancer screening. We assessed the diagnostic value and possible harm of HPV testing in Japan.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study with historical controls used cytology‐based screening and co‐testing data in Japan. As surrogate indicators of possible harm, colposcopy referral rate and cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN) 1 detection rates were calculated. As surrogate indicators with diagnostic values, the detection rates of CIN2 or greater (CIN2+) and CIN3+ were calculated.ResultsThe data of 297 970 women (182 697 for cytology‐based, 115 273 for co‐testing) were examined. The detection rates of CIN1, CIN2+, and CIN3+ were significantly higher in the co‐testing group than in the cytology‐based group (P < 0.001, P < 0.0001, P < 0.01, respectively). Between ages 25–49, CIN2+ detection rates were significantly higher in the co‐testing group than in the cytology‐based group (P < 0.05 for each 5‐year age group). Between ages 30–49, CIN3+ detection rates were significantly higher in the co‐testing group than in the cytology‐based group (P < 0.05 for each 5‐year age group).ConclusionLimiting the target age group may minimize the possible harm of screening. Cytology/HPV co‐testing may be useful in Japanese populations if balance is maintained between benefit and harm.
Photoinduced aggregation of liposome modified with DNA containing ultrafast DNA photo‐cross‐linker
Authors: Fujimoto Kenzo , Ichikawa Masakatsu , Nakamura Shigetaka 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, we demonstrated the aggregation of liposome using ultrafast DNA photo‐cross‐linking with 3‐cyanovinylcarbazole nucleoside (CNVK). Liposomes are not only used in model experiments of cell membranes, but also are attracting attention as a carrier for drug delivery. The surface of liposomes can be modified with biomolecules such as peptides and DNA. So far, several studies have been conducted to control liposome aggregation by DNA, and it was found that oligoDNA (ODN) containing CNVK can photo‐cross‐link to pyrimidine bases in complementary strand using photoirradiation for a few seconds. Therefore, this DNA photo‐cross‐linking procedure was adapted for liposome aggregation.RESULTBased on results of confocal laser scanning microscopy, it was confirmed that the liposomes were aggregated by photoirradiation. Also, from the results of denaturing PAGE, it was confirmed that the DNA fixed on the liposome surface and the linker connecting the liposomes were photo‐cross‐linked. In addition, the energy of photoirradiation can be used to extract the translated part, so it is expected that liposomes can be prepared according to each degree of aggregation.CONCLUSIONLinker DNA containing CNVK can induce liposome aggregation upon photoirradiation, and the proportion of liposomes aggregated can be varied by changing the irradiation energy (intensity). © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
An Early Pleistocene hippopotamus from Westbury Cave, Somerset, England: support for a previously unrecognized temperate interval in the British Quaternary record
Authors: Adams Neil F. , Candy Ian , Schreve Danielle C. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTAlthough fossil assemblages from the late Early Pleistocene are very rare in Britain, the site of Westbury Cave in Somerset, England, has the potential to address this gap. The mammal fossils recovered previously from the Siliceous Member in Westbury Cave, though few in number, have hinted at an age for the deposits that is as yet unparalleled in Britain. Here, we describe the first bona fide occurrence of Hippopotamus in the British Early Pleistocene, discovered during recent reinvestigation of the Siliceous Member. The hippo fossil indicates a refined biochronological age of ca. 1.5–1.07 Ma for the Siliceous Member and a palaeoclimate that was warm and humid, which accords well with previous palaeoenvironmental inferences. A synthesis of late Early Pleistocene hippo occurrences suggests that the Siliceous Member hippo may have been part of an early colonization of north‐west Europe by these megaherbivores, possibly during MIS (Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage) 31. Alternatively, it evidences a currently cryptic northward migration during an even earlier temperate phase. In either case, the Siliceous Member is likely to represent a warm period that has not been recognized previously in the British Quaternary record.
Evaluating hearing results in stapedotomy: Comparison of fluoroplastic Causse loop piston and Matrix prosthesis
Authors: Faramarzi Mohammad , Pedramfard Pegah , Roosta Sareh , Kazemi Tayebeh , Aboughadare Hanie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe carried out this research to assess and compare post‐stapedotomy hearing results of Matrix titanium prosthesis with a Teflon piston prosthesis, specifically the fluoroplastic (Teflon) Causse loop piston prosthesis in patients who suffered from otosclerosis.MethodologyIn this retrospective study, Causse loop piston prosthesis was used in 81 ears, and the Matrix prosthesis was applied in 44 ears. For pairwise matching with Matrix prosthesis, 44 out of 81 Causse loop piston‐treated ears were selected based on preoperative audiometric data. Then, postoperative audiometric results of these two groups were compared. The main outcomes were pure tone audiometric results and air‐bone gap (ABG) closure before and after the surgery. Incidence of postoperative sensorineural hearing loss was also evaluated and compared between the two groups.ResultsThe results revealed no significant difference in improvement of speech reception threshold, mean air conduction, bone conduction gain, ABG closure, and incidence of postoperative sensorineural hearing loss at the frequencies of 0.5‐4 kHz between the two groups. However, performance of Matrix prosthesis was better in ABG closure at a frequency of 250 Hz.ConclusionHerein, similar postoperative improvement was achieved at the frequencies of 0.5‐4 kHz; nevertheless, Matrix provided better ABG closure at frequency of 250 Hz in short term.Level of Evidence4
Hand movement speed in advertising elicits gender stereotypes and consumer responses
Authors: Malik Sumit , Sayin Eda 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMerely observing the hand movement speed with an advertised product can affect consumer perception. Five studies show that hand movement speed when observed (e.g., watching or even reading the description of slow vs. fast hand interaction with a product) elicits distinct associations in the consumer's mind and affects their responses. We suggest that people implicitly associate speedy movements with a more masculine (than feminine) behavior and use hand movement speed as an input to form evaluations of a touched product. Additionally, we demonstrate that consumers elicit higher product preference when their associations from observed hand movement speed match their own social identity. Thus, female (than male) consumers would prefer an advertised product that is depicted with a gentle (instead of speedy) hand movement—as such observed movement makes, both, the product, and the action‐performer be perceived as more feminine. We find support for these effects across different product and advertising contexts. Our findings provide novel evidence on the effect of observed and described hand movements as a signal of gender identity and have significant implications for advertising.
Labor market participation and productivity costs for female caregivers of minor male children with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies
Authors: Soelaeman Rieza H. , Smith Michael G. , Sahay Kashika , Tilford J. Mick , Goodenough Dana , Paramsothy Pangaja , Ouyang Lijing , Oleszek Joyce , Grosse Scott D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsDuchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DBMD) are X‐linked neuromuscular disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness, leading to decreased mobility and multisystem complications. We estimate productivity costs attributable to time spent by a parent caring for a male child under the age of 18 y with DBMD, with particular focus on female caregivers of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) who have already lost ambulation.MethodsPrimary caregivers of males with DBMD in the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance and Research Tracking Network (MD STARnet) were surveyed during 2011–2012 on family quality of life measures, including labor market outcomes. Of 211 respondents, 96 female caregivers of boys with DBMD were matched on state, year of survey, respondent's age, child's age, and number of minor children with controls constructed from Current Population Survey extracts. Regression analysis was used to estimate labor market outcomes and productivity costs.ResultsCaregivers of boys with DBMD worked 296 h less per year on average than caregivers of unaffected children, translating to a $8816 earnings loss in 2020 U.S. dollars. Caregivers of boys with DMD with ≥4 y of ambulation loss had a predicted loss in annualized earnings of $23,995, whereas caregivers of boys with DBMD of the same ages who remained ambulatory had no loss of earnings.DiscussionFemale caregivers of non‐ambulatory boys with DMD face additional household budget constraints through income loss. Failure to include informal care costs in economic studies could understate the societal cost‐effectiveness of strategies for managing DMD that might prolong ambulation.