bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of A3 Report by Industrial Engineering Students As a Tool to Analyze and Interpret a Case Study
Authors: Alves Anabela C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lean Thinking is a philosophy which principles were redesigned from Toyota Production System (TPS) by Womack and Jones of MIT. Currently, Lean Thinking principles are taught in the academy and are applied in all sectors, from production to services. Services is what is provided to students in a university. Teachers provide a service to them, and they are the clients of this service. As so, teachers want to provide the best service, adding value to the “client” product. In order to do so, they search for new methods that create flow in the way students learn what they need to learn. Lean Thinking have been providing tools to the classroom to obtain such flow. This paper intends to present a tool, an A3 report, which was used by engineering students to analyze, interpret and report a published case study. This was a team assignment task among others. This task was assessed as a component for the final grade of a course of third year of Master Integrated of Industrial Engineering and Management (IEM). The presentations, A3 reports and discussions results were analyzed and compared using Bloom taxonomy levels and 3H taxonomy to infer about students learning. Main findings obtained were very positive.
New ABET Student Outcomes Assessment: Developing Performance Indicators and Instruments for Outcome 4
Authors: Kumpaty Subha , Reichl Katie , Vyas Anand 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Milwaukee School of Engineering’s Mechanical Engineering Department, having successfully completed the accreditation of the ME program in 2018–19 under the prior a through k student outcomes, dedicated the program meetings during academic year 2019–20 to develop assessment instruments in transitioning to the new ABET Student Outcomes 1–7. By deliberately involving the entire faculty to participate in the development of instruments, a grassroots level discussion and creation ensued for each outcome. The process is showcased in this paper for Student Outcome 4 on ethics as a model to share with our engineering faculty and to highlight salient features in the developed instrument and associated rubrics. The details of performance indicators interwoven across the curriculum and the methods of data collection are provided in a tabular form for ease of expectation and implementation. How the readily available materials from the National Society of Professional Engineers could be incorporated at early years of the baccalaureate program while the outcome’s performance indicators could be assessed at a deeper level during junior and senior years are showcased in this paper. The periodic dialogue among all colleagues who were working on various outcomes ensured proper communication of what one outcome group is prescribing that we do and receive input from those who are involved with the courses in which the data needed to be collected and the performance indicators are to be assessed. The general structure of our standing committees on freshman courses, energy, mechanics, and controls also provided the cushion to review the assessment instruments and provide constructive feedback from the corresponding committee’s perspective. These details of a very interactive Student Outcomes Assessment process will be presented.
Effect of Interfacial Contact Forces and Lay Ratio in Cardiac Lead Outer Insulation due to Internal Cable Motion
Authors: Gnanavel B. K. , Raja G. , Chandramohan D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Wearing cardiac lead implanted may result in various failures, including in-appropriate or missing treatments. Contacts are used on the lateral and radial link in the multi-layered (1 + 6 + 12) pacemaker lead cable. The effect of the coupling mode, however, is not the same as it does when the lateral and radial contact combine. On the transverse wire the forces and moments developed along the regular, bi-natural, and axial directions on a helical wire of the multi-faceted pacemaker cable. The equilibrium equations derived from Love’s thin rod theory (1944) shall provide geometric nomenclatures of the cabling generated by axial stress and rotational pressures from the multi-layered pacemaker lead. A steepness matrix is derived for multi-layered pacemakers leading cable elements, leading to strand strength, a twisting moment, axial strand strain and rotational strain.
Design of 1-DOF Robot With Humanoid Gait for Lower Limb Rehabilitation Based on Watt-I Six-Bar Mechanism
Authors: Song Wanbing , Gu Chenchen , Hou Qitao , Teng Zhiqiang , Zhao Ping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The major drawbacks of current lower limb rehabilitation robots are high cost and complex structure which make them inappropriate to be applied in the community and family. In this paper, we design an 1-degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot with humanoid gait for lower limb rehabilitation based on Watt-I six-bar mechanism. Let the normal gait trajectory be target trajectory, the dimensions of the mechanism are calculated by path synthesis. First, the objective function to reflect the accuracy of trajectory reproduction and relevant constraints are established. Then GA-BFGS hybrid algorithm is used to minimize the objective function. After that, the optimized mechanism is analyzed by trajectory comparison, velocity / acceleration analysis and joint angle detection. Further, the kinematic simulation of the mechanism is also completed. The results show that while the crank is rotating at a constant speed, the mechanism can reproduce the time sequence and the shape of target trajectory approximately to realize walk training for patients with lower limb disorders whose legs are 810.0–860.0mm long (the corresponding heights are about 1650.0–1750.0mm). Finally, the specific structure of lower limb rehabilitation robot based on this mechanism is designed and the principle prototype model is given.
Two-Dimensional WS2/g-C3N4 Layered Heterostructures With Enhanced Pseudocapacitive and Electrocatalytic Properties
Authors: Ola Oluwafunmilola , Zhu Yanqiu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, tungsten-based hybrid nanocomposites were grown on interconnected, macroscopic graphitic carbon nitride scaffold after solvothermal treatment followed by sulfidation to attain multifunctional composite electrocatalysts. The physicochemical properties of the obtained samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The tungsten-based composites were tested as electrodes for pseudocapacitors and as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction, to take advantage of their porous graphitic carbon nitride features which would be beneficial for optimal ion transport to tungsten-based nanoparticles. These unique physicochemical features endow these composites with excellent electrochemical performances to reach a current density of 10 mA/cm2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction. In addition to demonstrating excellent specific capacitance, these hybrid nanocomposites also possess good stability after 8 hours of testing.
Development of a 3D Printed Soft Parallel Robot
Authors: Garcia Martin , Moghadam Amir Ali Amiri , Tekes Ayse , Emert Randy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper reports on design, fabrication, and kinematics modeling of a 3D printed soft parallel robot equipped with soft pneumatic actuators. Soft robotics is an emerging field of research which facilitates safe human machine interface. Soft elastomeric actuators made through molding process are one of the key elements of soft robotic systems. However, molding process is tedious and time consuming making the fabrication process undesirable. Recently reported 3D printed soft pneumatic actuators pave the way for manufacturing of novel soft actuators and robots with complex geometries. The current work can be considered as a proof of concept for 3D printing of a soft parallel robot. The robot consists of two soft pneumatic actuators that are connected to two passive links by mean of flexible hinges. The robot has two degrees of freedom and can be used in planar manipulation tasks. Moreover, a number of robots can be configured to operate in a cooperative manner to increase the manipulation dexterity. A kinematic model is developed to simulate the motion of robot end-effector. Through application of the kinematic model it has been shown that the robot is capable of following any planar trajectories within its workspace. Also, pseudo-rigid-body model (PRBM) is used to develop a dynamic model of the soft robot to more accurately predict the robot interaction with its environment and also develop advanced control system for robust position control of the robot.
Embedded 3D Printing of Highly Flexible Nanocomposites With Piezoresistive Sensing Capabilities
Authors: Herren Blake , Saha Mrinal C. , Altan M. Cengiz , Liu Yingtao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In recent years, highly flexible nanocomposite sensors have been developed for the detection of a variety of human body movements. To precisely detect the bending motions of human joints, the sensors must be able to conform well with the human skin and produce signals that effectively describe the amount of deformation applied to the material during bending. In this paper, a carbon nanotube-based piezoresistive strain sensor is developed via the direct ink writing based embedded 3D printing method. The optimum weight concentration range of carbon nanotubes in the nanocomposite inks, appropriate for embedded 3D printing, is identified. Samples with complex 2D and 3D geometries are printed to demonstrate the manufacturing capabilities of the embedded printing process. The sensitivity of the piezoresistive strain sensor is optimized by determining the ideal nanofiller concentration, curing temperature, and nozzle size to produce the highest gauge factor in a wide strain range. The piezoresistive and mechanical properties of the optimized sensors are fully characterized to verify the suitability for skin-attachable strain sensing applications. The developed sensors have a wide sensing range, high sensitivity, and minimal strain rate dependence. In addition, their low elasticity and high biocompatibility allow them to be comfortably bonded on the human skin.
Experimental and Analytical Study for Condenser Shading Effects on Air-Conditioning System Performance
Authors: Shehadi Maher 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An experimental and analytical study for performance of shaded condensers is presented. A three tons of refrigeration (TR) unit installed in a 2-story house was experimentally studied between June and September. Analytical simulations for a 3 TR unit and for a wider range of capacities ranging from 80 to 370 TR was done. The experimental results for the 3 TR unit showed 12–39% improvement in the COP of the cycle under various evaporator temperatures with uncertainty levels between ±1.63–13.6%. The simulated results for the same capacity (3 TR) showed higher improvements than the experimental ones. However, for larger capacities, the simulations showed lower improvements than the 3 TR unit and ranged between 10–14%.
Vision-Based SLAM Robot Spider: An Undergraduate Project of Advanced Robotics of Bachelor of Technology
Authors: Beckwith Caleb , Zhang Shaojin , Esche Sven K. , Zhang Zhou 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) of robotics is a skill-oriented degree, and the students are usually not well-prepared both in theoretical knowledge and the opportunities to reach cutting-edge technologies. To overcome the above two difficulties, some challengeable projects are designed as the undergraduate projects of B.Tech of robotics. Among them, a SLAM robot spider is implemented. This project employed robotics vision, PID control, dynamics, kinematics, and additive manufacturing. Its structure is fabricated through additive manufacturing. The skeleton is composed of three main parts: six legs, torso, and head. Each leg has three joints which are driven by servo motors. The torso is used to mount the sensors, control modules, communication modules, and power source. The ‘NVIDIA Jetson Nano’ is used to control the motors, manage the communication interfaces, and process the sensing data. The ‘Intel RealSense depth camera’ and ’Intel RealSense tracking camera’ are used to futile the task of SLAM. The depth camera is used to acquire depth data to generate 3D point clouds. The tracking camera is an auxiliary reference to help to steer and to locate the position. Besides, an iPad tablet is used to provide a manual control option and render the scene in real-time.
Soft-Body Simulation With CUDA Based on Mass-Spring Model and Verlet Integration Scheme
Authors: Zhang Zhou 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Soft-body simulation is widely used in animation, prostheses, organs, and so on. The most common way is to use 3D software. However, Their simulation models and the data processing speed are limited. Therefore, one model based on the mass-spring mechanism is proposed. To realize real-time rendering, a parallel computing architecture based on the CUDA architecture is introduced. Besides, to increase the accuracy of the simulation, the Verlet integration is employed. The work is to check whether the massively parallel computing method based on the CUDA architecture improves the rendering performance. To meet the minimum requirement to make the human eye comfortable, all the tests had at least a 60 Hz refreshing rate. Also, the soft body of mass-particles and springs has a uniform width and depth, but the height is much smaller. It was modeled to fall under the influence of gravity, and then, to impact on a rigid object. The serial and the parallel methods were not significantly different when the rendering nodes were less than 2,000, but it became apparent when the number of nodes reached 10,000. Therefore, the simulation efficiency of a soft body is improved by the proposed method.
Numerical Analysis of Fluid Flow in 2D Domains Containing Moving Objects
Authors: Mazumder A. K. M. Monayem H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study presented a two-dimensional (2D) numerical analysis of fluid flow in domains containing moving objects. The method falls into the general category of Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) methods, which is based on a fixed mesh that is locally fitted at the moving objects. The moving objects are described using sets of marker points which can slide over the basic mesh. Once the moving object has gone through the stationary element, the element is restored to its original form. Therefore, the mesh adaptation is performed only in those elements intersected by an object and is local both in space and time. As a result, the method does not require interpolation and there are a fixed number of possible modifications to the intersected elements. As the global mesh is independent of object movement, therefore it eliminates the possibility of mesh entanglement. The mesh never becomes unsuitable due to its continuous deformation, thus eliminating the need for repeated re-meshing and interpolation. A validation is presented via a problem with an exact analytical solution to the case of 2D flow between two parallel plates separating with a prescribed velocity. The method’s capabilities and accuracy are illustrated through application in realistic geometrical settings which show the robustness and flexibility of the technique.
Law of Metal Flow of Thin-Walled Conical Part With Variable Section During Spinning
Authors: Xuedao Shu , Yingxiang Xia , Ying Zhu , Zixuan Li , Bohai Ye 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
During the spinning process of the variable-section thin-walled conical parts, the metal flow law is relatively complicated and the flange is prone to be unstable, which resulting in wrinkling and other defects. In this paper, the variable-section conical part of superalloy GH1140 is taken as the research object. The spinning forming process is numerically simulated by using Simufact Finite Element software and the metal flow in each stage of the forming process is analyzed. The flow velocity shows an annular distribution as a whole. The metal near the center of the circle flows more slowly, and the metal far from the circular flange flows more quickly. In the direction of thickness, the velocity of metal flow decreases gradually. Under the feeding action of the roller, the metal in front of the roller is subjected to axial tensile stress, tangential and radial compressive stress, resulting in a strain state of one-way tension and two-way compression. The metal moves along the negative direction of the rotary wheel feed, resulting in the increase of the sheet wall thickness. The correctness of the model in this paper is further verified by spinning experiments. The research results provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the mechanism of forming defects and improving the quality of spinning forming of conical thin-walled parts with variable sections.
Formalizing Performance Evaluation of Mobile Manipulator Robots Using CTML
Authors: Aboul-Enein Omar , Jing Yaping , Bostelman Roger 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Computation Tree Measurement Language (CTML) is a newly developed formal language that offers simultaneous model verification and performance evaluation measures. While the theory behind CTML has been established, the language has yet to be tested on a practical example. In this work, we wish to demonstrate the utility of CTML when applied to a real-world application based in manufacturing. Mobile manipulators may enable more flexible, dynamic workflows within industry. Therefore, an artifact-based performance measurement test method for mobile manipulator robots developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology was selected for evaluation. Contributions of this work include the modeling of robot tasks implemented for the performance measurement test using Petri nets, as well as the formulation and execution of sample queries using CTML. To compare the numerical results, query support, ease of implementation, and empirical runtime of CTML to other temporal logics in such applications, the queries were re-formulated and evaluated using the PRISM Model Checker. Finally, a discussion is included that considers future extensions of this work, relative to other existing research, that could potentially enable the integration of CTML with Systems Modeling Language (SysML) and Product Life-cycle Management (PLM) software solutions.
Applications of Solar Powered Cooling System Using Integrated Variable Effect Absorption Chillers With Ice Thermal Energy Storage in UAE
Authors: Siddiqui Taabish , Ghaith Fadi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses the potential of integrating parabolic trough collector (PTC) with variable effect absorption chiller assisted with ice thermal energy storage (ITES) for the purpose of space cooling in residential buildings. In this work, the thermal performance of the proposed integrated system was evaluated in order to assess the system’s capability to fulfil the cooling demands. The proposed system was modelled numerically and simulations were performed using TRNSYS software. Initially during the day, the chiller was operated in a single stage mode to provide required direct cooling to the building. Once the thermal output of the PTC is adequate, a double-effect absorption cooling was activated, with the production of sub-zero evaporator temperatures in order to charge the ice storage prior to providing chilled water to the load during night time. The obtained results showed that the proposed system is capable to provide a continuous space cooling for 20 hours from which 11 hours of cooling were generated using the absorption chiller, whilst the ice storage acts as a backup source of cooling for additional 9 hours during nighttime. For the remainder of the time of almost 4 hours, a biomass auxiliary heater was used to activate the chiller during startup period thus eliminating completely the need of a conventional cooling system. The performed cost analysis proved the feasibility of the proposed system with pay-back period of 3.5 years.
Layered Image Collection for Real-Time Defective Inspection in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Song Jinwoo , Bandaru Harika , He Xinyu , Qiu Zhenyang , Moon Young B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In Additive Manufacturing (AM), detecting cyber-attacks on infill structure is difficult because interior defects can occur without affecting the exterior. To detect the infill defectives quickly, layer-by-layer image inspection in real-time can be conducted. However, collecting the layered images from the top view in real-time is challenging because the 3D printer’s extruder interferes with objects from being perfectly scanned. Using a dummy model to move the extruder out of the object’s layer has been proposed. However, it is not practical because it creates printing delays and wasted printing materials.
To enable infill layered image collection in real-time without delays and material waste, this research proposes a layered image collection method using an algorithm identifying a pseudo area in a layered image. The algorithm detects the pseudo area — the area covered by the extruder — using an image processing technique, such as an average pooling and max pooling. It accumulates the non-pseudo areas until a complete layered image is acquired. To validate and evaluate the proposed method, captured images were evaluated with various machine learning algorithms.
URANS Modeling of Effects of Rotation on Flow Distribution and Heat Transfer in an Electric Motor
Authors: Tiwari Ankit , Yavuzkurt Savas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Traction motors are electric motors used in vehicle propulsion. In this study, an externally cooled 3-phase AC induction motor which has cooling tubes drilled axially throughout the length of the rotor and stator, is analyzed for thermal performance. The cooling air is supplied by a centrifugal blower connected to the inlet plenum of the motor. Unlike in static condition, the relative distribution of air in the rotor and the stator tubes is not uniform and varies due to the rotation of rotor. It has been shown in previous studies that due to rotor’s rotation, the resistance of the flow path through the rotor tubes increases compared to the static condition. This results in reduction of flow through the rotor tubes. Generally, the steady state MRF (Multiple Reference Frame) approach is used to model the rotational effect. While this approach works in the initial design phase, Unsteady sliding mesh approach is suggested for design validation. It was found that at 3000 RPM, the mass flow rate in the rotor predicted by the Sliding mesh model could be as much as 16% lower than that predicted by the MRF model. To assess its impact on thermal performance, steady state conjugate heat transfer analysis was performed. It was found that the rotor temperatures could be up to 8.6-degree C higher based on the mass flow predictions by sliding mesh approach compared to the MRF approach.