bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen peroxide in tobacco stigma exudate affects pollen proteome and membrane potential in pollen tubes
Authors: Breygina M. , Klimenko E. , Shilov E. , Podolyan A. , Mamaeva A. , Zgoda V. , Fesenko I. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

ROS are known to be accumulated in stigmas of different species and can possibly perform different functions important for plant reproduction. Here we tested the assumption that one of their functions is to control membrane potential and provoke synthesis of unique proteins in germinating pollen.

We used spectrofluorometry and spectrophotometry to detect H2O2 in stigma exudate, quantitative fluorescent microscopy of pollen tubes and flow cytometry of pollen protoplasts to reveal effects on membrane potential, and a label‐free quantification approach to study pollen proteome changes after H2O2 treatment.

We found that in both growing pollen tubes and pollen protoplasts exudate causes plasmalemma hyperpolarization similar to that provoked by H2O2. This effect is abolished by catalase treatment and the ROS quencher, MnTMPP. Inhibitory analysis indicates probable participation of Ca2+‐ and K+‐conducting channels in the observed hyperpolarization. For a deeper understanding of pollen response, we analysed proteome alterations in H2O2‐treated pollen grains. We found 50 unique proteins and 20 differently accumulated proteins that are mainly involved in cell metabolism, energetics, protein synthesis and folding.

Observed hyperpolarization and proteome alterations agree well with previously reported stimulation of pollen germination by H2O2 and sensitivity of Ca2+‐ and K+‐conducting channels to this ROS. Thus, H2O2 is one of the active substances in tobacco stigma exudate that stimulates various physiological processes in germinating pollen.
The gender wage gap in Mongolia: Sectoral segregation as a driving factor
Authors: Batchuluun Altantsetseg 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the gender labor market inequality by focusing on changes in the male and female earnings gap in Mongolia, a resource‐rich transition country. Economic growth has accelerated based on a boom in the mining sector since the mid‐2000s. However, the gender wage gap has widened substantially over the past decade. We use published data from the labor force surveys in 2008 and 2018 to investigate gender wage gaps among full‐time workers at the mean and across the entire distribution. We find strong evidence of the glass ceiling, but without a sticky floor. Sectoral gender segregation and work–family reconciliation policies may be the leading causes of the glass ceiling.
Variable exhumation history between the central and eastern Xigaze fore‐arc basin, south Tibet: Implications for underthrusting Indian slab dynamics
Authors: Ma Zeliang , Li Guangwei , Xu Zhiqin , Kohn Barry , Zheng Yilong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Xigaze fore‐arc basin in southern Tibet records important information related to subduction of the Neo‐Tethys and subsequent collision between India and Asia. We present field observations, together with new apatite fission track and zircon (U‐Th)/He (ZHe) thermochronology data, from a ~25 km SW‐NE transect in the central Xigaze fore‐arc basin around Sangsang to elucidate the burial and exhumation history. The data indicate that most samples were thermally reset to varying degrees following deposition, with the data and inverse thermal history modelling showing a general northward younging age trend and northward propagation of exhumation. This pattern is comparable with that reported previously from the eastern Xigaze fore‐arc basin. However, variations in exhumation history, stratigraphic exposure and structural characteristics between the eastern and central Xigaze fore‐arc basin are considered to reflect spatially different responses along the southern Asian margin resulting from variations in compressional stresses within the India–Asia collisional zone.
Impact of Permian mass extinctions on continental invertebrate infauna
Authors: Buatois Luis A. , Borruel‐Abadía Violeta , De la Horra Raúl , Galán‐Abellán Ana Belén , López‐Gómez José , Barrenechea José F. , Arche Alfredo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Capitanian (late middle Permian) and end‐Permian mass extinctions were particularly severe from a palaeoecological perspective. Previous studies of their expressions on land underscored their impacts on plants and vertebrates, but the effects on the continental invertebrate infauna remain poorly understood. A multiproxy analysis from the Iberian Basin (Central Spain) reveals a dramatic decrease in bioturbation intensity on land by the end of the Capitanian. This pattern cannot be explained by facies effects because our analysis is based on similar types of deposits through the succession and over an extensive area. The bioturbation crisis coincided with an increase in weathering intensity and acidic conditions, and a collapse in plant communities spanning the late Permian–Early Triassic in the Iberian Basin. Reduced bioturbation may have contributed to decrease in mechanical reworking of the sediment and soil, affected geochemical recycling, increased sediment acidification and impacted on ecosystem structure. Identification of this infaunal crisis on land underscores the ecological severity of mass extinctions and emphasises the significance of feedback loops in riparian ecosystems.
Tuberculosis prevention in patients undergoing kidney transplantation: A nurse‐led program for screening and treatment
Authors: Grijota‐Camino Maria D. , Montero Núria , Luque Maria J. , Díaz‐Jurado Maria , Sabé Núria , Pérez‐Recio Sandra , Couceiro Carlos , Muñoz Laura , Cruzado Josep M. , Santin Miguel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSystematic screening for, and treatment of, latent tuberculosis (TB) infection is recommended prior to kidney transplant. However, little is known about patient compliance with, or the safety profile of, preventive therapies used in clinical practice.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study of patients who were eligible for kidney transplant and were evaluated for TB infection between January 2013 and June 2019 at the TB clinic of a tertiary care teaching hospital. All patient data were registered prospectively as part of our nurse‐led program before kidney transplant. We assessed completion rates, tolerance with therapy, development of TB, and associated workload.ResultsIn total, 1568 patients were referred to our TB clinic for evaluation. Preventive therapy was given to 385 patients and completed by 340 (88.3%). Of these, 89 (23.1%) experienced some intolerance, with 27 requiring full discontinuation. After a median follow‐up of 45 months (1426 patient‐years), 206 (53.5%) of the treated patients received a kidney transplant; only one patient, who failed to complete treatment, developed post‐transplant TB (7.01 cases per 10 000 patient‐years; 95% confidence interval, 0.35‐34.59). Extra nurse or medical visits were required by 268 (69.6%) patients.ConclusionDespite the complexity and workload generated by patients with ESRD awaiting kidney transplant, preventive therapy for TB is effective in most cases. Our experience provides important evidence on the feasibility of preventive therapy for TB before kidney transplant when delivered as part of a comprehensive nurse‐led program.
Genetic mapping identifies a rice naringenin O‐glucosyltransferase that influences insect resistance
Authors: Yang Zhongyan , Li Nana , Kitano Takashige , Li Ping , Spindel Jennifer E. , Wang Lishuo , Bai Genxiang , Xiao Yiying , McCouch Susan R. , Ishihara Atsushi , Zhang Jili , Yang Xin , Chen Zepeng , Wei Jianyu , Ge Honghua , Jander Georg , Yan Jian 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYNaringenin, the biochemical precursor for predominant flavonoids in grasses, provides protection against UV damage, pathogen infection and insect feeding. To identify previously unknown loci influencing naringenin accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa), recombinant inbred lines derived from the Nipponbare and IR64 cultivars were used to map a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for naringenin abundance to a region of 50 genes on rice chromosome 7. Examination of candidate genes in the QTL confidence interval identified four predicted uridine diphosphate‐dependent glucosyltransferases (Os07g31960, Os07g32010, Os07g32020 and Os07g32060). In vitro assays demonstrated that one of these genes, Os07g32020 (UGT707A3), encodes a glucosyltransferase that converts naringenin and uridine diphosphate‐glucose to naringenin‐7‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside. The function of Os07g32020 was verified with CRISPR/Cas9 mutant lines, which accumulated more naringenin and less naringenin‐7‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside and apigenin‐7‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside than wild‐type Nipponbare. Expression of Os12g13800, which encodes a naringenin 7‐O‐methyltransferase that produces sakuranetin, was elevated in the mutant lines after treatment with methyl jasmonate and insect pests, Spodoptera litura (cotton leafworm), Oxya hyla intricata (rice grasshopper) and Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper), leading to a higher accumulation of sakuranetin. Feeding damage from O. hyla intricata and N. lugens was reduced on the Os07g32020 mutant lines relative to Nipponbare. Modification of the Os07g32020 gene could be used to increase the production of naringenin and sakuranetin rice flavonoids in a more targeted manner. These findings may open up new opportunities for selective breeding of this important rice metabolic trait.
Upregulation of bundle sheath electron transport capacity under limiting light in C4Setaria viridis
Authors: Ermakova Maria , Bellasio Chandra , Fitzpatrick Duncan , Furbank Robert T. , Mamedov Fikret , von Caemmerer Susanne 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYC4 photosynthesis is a biochemical pathway that operates across mesophyll and bundle sheath (BS) cells to increase CO2 concentration at the site of CO2 fixation. C4 plants benefit from high irradiance but their efficiency decreases under shade, causing a loss of productivity in crop canopies. We investigated shade acclimation responses of Setaria viridis, a model monocot of NADP‐dependent malic enzyme subtype, focussing on cell‐specific electron transport capacity. Plants grown under low light (LL) maintained CO2 assimilation rates similar to high light plants but had an increased chlorophyll and light‐harvesting‐protein content, predominantly in BS cells. Photosystem II (PSII) protein abundance, oxygen‐evolving activity and the PSII/PSI ratio were enhanced in LL BS cells, indicating a higher capacity for linear electron flow. Abundances of PSI, ATP synthase, Cytochrome b6f and the chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex, which constitute the BS cyclic electron flow machinery, were also increased in LL plants. A decline in PEP carboxylase activity in mesophyll cells and a consequent shortage of reducing power in BS chloroplasts were associated with a more oxidised plastoquinone pool in LL plants and the formation of PSII – light‐harvesting complex II supercomplexes with an increased oxygen evolution rate. Our results suggest that the supramolecular composition of PSII in BS cells is adjusted according to the redox state of the plastoquinone pool. This discovery contributes to the understanding of the acclimation of PSII activity in C4 plants and will support the development of strategies for crop improvement, including the engineering of C4 photosynthesis into C3 plants.
A novel RHD allele, with c.491A > T (p.Asp164Val) mutation, identified via family pedigree analysis
Authors: Wang Jing , Que Wenjun , Xing Yan , Li Qing , Zhan Tingxi , Yu Zebo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA Chinese Han man was confirmed to carry an RHD variation by serological tests, and exons 1 through 10 of the RHD gene were analyzed by sequence‐specific primer‐polymerase chain reaction. To clarify the nature of this mutation, Sanger sequencing was used and a c.491A > T mutation was identified in exon 4. The proband inherited this mutation from his father, as determined from a family pedigree.
Racial/ethnic disparities among women receiving intrauterine transfusions for alloimmunization at a single fetal treatment center
Authors: Schwab Marisa E. , Schmidt Christina N. , Gonzalez‐Velez Juan M. , Bakhtary Sara 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDisparities are prevalent in numerous areas of healthcare. We sought to investigate whether there were racial/ethnic disparities among pregnant women with the most severe form of alloimmunization who require intrauterine transfusions (IUT). We reviewed patients who underwent IUT for alloimmunization at a single fetal treatment center between 2015 and 2020. This “IUT cohort” was compared to an “Alloimmunization cohort”: patients seen at our institution with a diagnosis of alloimmunization during pregnancy, who did not receive IUT. We collected maternal demographics including self‐identified race/ethnicity and primary language, transfusion, and antibody characteristics. The cohorts were compared using unpaired t‐tests, Mann‐Whitney tests, and Fischer's exact tests, as appropriate. The IUT cohort included 43 patients and the alloimmunization cohort included 1049 patients. Compared to the alloimmunization cohort, there were significantly more patients of Latina descent in the IUT cohort (23.3% vs. 3.4%, p < .0001), and more non‐English speakers (18.6% vs. 4.6%, p = .001). Twenty‐one percent (9/43) of patients had immigrated to the United States, all of whom had pregnancies or miscarriages in their country of origin. A third of patients had new antibodies identified on serial screens during the current pregnancy. Significantly more women of Latina ethnicity and non‐English speakers required IUTs compared to the cohort of women with alloimmunization. Insufficient access to care prior to arriving in the United States and among racial and ethnic minorities in the United States may contribute to these findings. Providers should be cognizant of potential, racial, and ethnic inequalities among women receiving intrauterine transfusions.
Pathogen reduction of whole blood: Supplementing fibrinogen partly corrects clot formation in a massive transfusion model
Authors: Arbaeen Ahmad F. , Schubert Peter , Sheffield William P. , Devine Dana V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe use of whole blood (WB) to treat trauma patients is becoming more common. Similar to the treatment of individual components, pathogen inactivation (PI) technologies are available to treat WB. The impact of PI on WB function is not well understood. This study investigated the impact of PI of WB with riboflavin/ultraviolet (UV) light on its hemostatic function by modeling transfusion scenarios for trauma patients and assessing transfusion efficacy by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). As fibrinogen is affected by PI of WB, the effect of fibrinogen supplementation commonly used in trauma patients was also analyzed in this model.Study Design and MethodsTrauma transfusion scenarios were simulated by mixing untreated WB or WB treated with the Mirasol PI technology (riboflavin/UV) in different ratios with hemodiluted blood, and the thromboelasticity was monitored by ROTEM. The impact of supplementation with the fibrinogen concentrate RiaSTAP was investigated in this model.ResultsPathogen‐inactivated WB (PI‐WB) showed decreased activity in the hemostatic profile compared to the untreated control. Hemodiluted blood at a hematocrit (hct) of 20%, which was reconstituted with PI‐WB or untreated WB, exhibited increased alpha values, maximum clot firmness, and clot formation time. Simulating transfusion scenarios by blood replacement with PI‐WB resulted in a significant difference in ROTEM parameters between reconstituted PI‐treated and ‐untreated WB (p ≥ .05). The effect of PI treatment waned when PI‐WB was enriched with fibrinogen.ConclusionROTEM investigations suggest that PI treatment has a negative impact on WB clot formation unless fibrinogen supplementation is used.
Contesting territory via editorials in different varieties of English
Authors: Ahrens Kathleen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article broadens Schneider's (2018) proposal relating to finding culture in corpora by examining keyness, conceptual frames, and metaphorical signals in newspaper editorials in two varieties of world Englishes: Chinese and American English. These editorials focus on opinion articles and commentaries about territorial issues in the South China Sea during 2013–2015. The results demonstrate that keywords and metaphorical signals are used differently in the newspaper editorials published in these two countries, while the conceptual frames vary by degree but not by type. I discuss these findings in terms of how lexical‐conceptual patterns allow for a greater understanding of the culture of argumentation. I argue that these types of focused, small corpora analyses are also useful for examining culture in corpora and suggest that Schneider's (2018) second layer of cultural dimensions should be expanded from indicator terms to include lexical‐conceptual patterns found in keyword analysis, conceptual framing, and metaphorical signaling.
Computational Support for Concurrent Engineering of Cable Harnesses
Authors: Park Hisup , Lee Soo-Hong , Cutkosky Mark R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Design and production of cables for aerospace systems provide the background for the development of concurrent engineering framework. Key issues include the development of an architecture that supports collaboration among engineers associated with different parts of the cable design process and the development of hierarchical representations that capture the different characteristics (e.g., connectivity, geometry) of the harnesses. The abstraction of design information results in features, while the abstraction of operations leads to the development of agents. These abstractions are essential for efficient transactions among people and computer tools in a domain that involves numerous interacting constraints. We have decomposed the cable design process into five basic categories of tasks that are each addressed by an “agent”: the Environment Editor, the Free Space Manager, the Cable Editor, the Component Selector, and the Cost Comparator. In this paper the strategy for the problem decomposition, the definition of features, and the ways in which features are used by various agents, are discussed. We conclude with a discussion of some of the issues raised by the project and the steps underway to address them.
SIMPA: A Graphic Simulator for the CAD of Parallel Manipulators
Authors: Gosselin Clément M. , Laverdière Simon , Côte Jean 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a graphic simulation environment which can be used as an aid for the design of parallel manipulators. Both planar and spatial parallel manipulators can be treated with the simulator. Fast algorithms for the determination of the workspace are implemented. Therefore, sections of the workspace — with their boundaries — can be plotted interactively and their volume or area estimated very accurately. Moreover, contour plots of design criteria such as dexterity, stiffness or conditioning can be superimposed on these plots in order to provide the user with a graphical representation of the behavior of these properties over the workspace. Singularity loci can also be plotted for planar manipulators. The simulator is implemented on a SUN SPARC Station and uses the SUNPHIGS graphics library. The mechanical design of parallel manipulators is a complex issue which involves a detailed mechanical analysis. Indeed, parallel manipulators generally exhibit good stiffness properties but usually have a rather limited workspace. Furthermore, they are known to suffer from singularities for which the end-effector becomes uncontrollable. Problems related to workspace optimization and stiffness are therefore crucial in the context of design of parallel manipulators and the simulation package presented here is a very useful tool for the designer.
An Estimate of Mesh Stiffness and Load Sharing Ratio of a Spur Gear Pair
Authors: Kuang J. H. , Yang Y. T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A curve fitted tooth stiffness equation was developed to calculate directly the variable gear mesh stiffness. To improve the accuracy, a tooth profile generating method introduced by Litvin (1989) was employed for finite element idealization. A quadratic finite element model was employed in deriving the tooth stiffness constant at the successive positions of a single tooth as it passed through the zone of loading. The developed stiffness equation is applicable to both the standard full-depth or addendum modified involute gears. Variation of the shared loads introduced by the consideration of mesh stiffness was also investigated.
Full-Scale Transmission Testing to Evaluate Advanced Lubricants
Authors: Lewicki David G. , Decker Harry J. , Shimski John T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Experimental tests were performed on the OH-58A helicopter main-rotor transmission in the NASA Lewis 500-hp helicopter transmission test stand. The testing was part of a joint Navy/NASA/Army lubrication program. The objectives of the joint program are to develop and demonstrate a separate lubricant for gearboxes with improved performance in life and load-carrying capacity. The goal of these experiments was to develop a testing procedure to fail certain transmission components using a MIL-L-23699 based reference oil and then to run identical tests with improved lubricants and demonstrate improved performance. The tests were directed at components that failed due to marginal lubrication from Navy field experience. These failures included mast shaft bearing micropitting, sun gear and planet bearing fatigue, and spiral bevel gear scoring. A variety of tests were performed and over 900 hr of total run time accumulated for these tests. Some success was achieved in developing a testing procedure to produce sun gear and planet bearing fatigue failures. Only marginal success was achieved in producing mast shaft bearing micropitting and spiral bevel gear scoring.
Maximum Transmission Efficiency of a Steel Belt Continuously Variable Transmission
Authors: Guebeli M. , Micklem J. D. , Burrows C. R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A mathematical model of the power transmission through a Van Doorne steel belt continuously variable transmission is developed. The approach is based on a simplified viscous oil shear stress model. This enables the determination of the power transmission loss resulting from shearing the oil film along the traction line. The power to maintain the necessary hydraulic clamping forces is taken into account to optimise the power transmission efficiency. The analytical solution is evaluated numerically and compared with experimental results. Variations in the hydraulic pump displacement that is determined by the required ratio adjustment dynamics show that with a sufficiently small pump, peak efficiencies exceeding 97% are possible.
A Methodology for Compliant Mechanisms Design: Part I — Introduction and Large-Deflection Analysis
Authors: Midha A. , Her I. , Salamon B. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A broader research proposal seeks to systematically combine large-deflection mechanics of flexible elements with important kinematic considerations, in yielding compliant mechanisms which perform useful tasks. Specifically, the proposed design methodology will address the following needs: development of the necessary nomenclature, classification and definitions, and identification of the kinematic properties; categorization of mechanism synthesis types, both structurally as well as by function; development of efficient computational techniques for design; consideration of materials; and application and validation. Contained herein, in particular, is an introduction to the state-of-the-art in compliant mechanisms, and the development of an accurate chain calculation algorithm for use in the analysis of a large-deflection, cantilevered elastica. Shooting methods, which permit specification of additional boundary conditions on the elastica, as well as compliant mechanism examples are presented in a companion paper.