bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental exposure to non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls promotes sensory deficits and disrupts dopaminergic and GABAergic signaling in zebrafish
Authors: Brun Nadja R. , Panlilio Jennifer M. , Zhang Kun , Zhao Yanbin , Ivashkin Evgeny , Stegeman John J. , Goldstone Jared V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe most abundant polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners found in the environment and in humans are neurotoxic. This is of particular concern for early life stages because the exposure of the more vulnerable developing nervous system to neurotoxic chemicals can result in neurobehavioral disorders. In this study, we uncover currently unknown links between PCB target mechanisms and neurobehavioral deficits using zebrafish as a vertebrate model. We investigated the effects of the abundant non-dioxin-like (NDL) congener PCB153 on neuronal morphology and synaptic transmission linked to the proper execution of a sensorimotor response. Zebrafish that were exposed during development to concentrations similar to those found in human cord blood and PCB contaminated sites showed a delay in startle response. Morphological and biochemical data demonstrate that even though PCB153-induced swelling of afferent sensory neurons, the disruption of dopaminergic and GABAergic signaling appears to contribute to PCB-induced motor deficits. A similar delay was observed for other NDL congeners but not for the potent dioxin-like congener PCB126. The effects on important and broadly conserved signaling mechanisms in vertebrates suggest that NDL PCBs may contribute to neurodevelopmental abnormalities in humans and increased selection pressures in vertebrate wildlife.
Re-pressurized magma at Mt. Etna, Italy, may feed eruptions for years
Authors: De Gori Pasquale , Giampiccolo Elisabetta , Cocina Ornella , Branca Stefano , Doglioni Carlo , Chiarabba Claudio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIdentifying and monitoring the presence of pressurized magma beneath volcanoes allows for improved understanding of internal dynamics and prediction of eruptions. Here we show with time-repeated tomography clear evidence that fresh melts accumulate since 2019 in three reservoirs located at different depths in the central feeding system. In these three volumes, we observe a significant reduction of seismic wave velocity, an anomaly that has endured for almost two years. Reservoir re-pressurization induced seismicity clusters around the pressurized volumes within high fluid pressure compartments. This indicated a sharp change in volcano behavior, with re-pressurization of the central system replacing two-decade-long, flank collapse-dominated dynamics. The volume where the velocities are altered is remarkable in size, suggesting the injection of new melt, and that erupted lava represents only a small percentage. Our findings suggest that ongoing volcanic recrudescence can persist.
Intrinsically radiopaque and antimicrobial cellulose based surgical sutures from mechanically powerfulAgave sisalanaplant leaf fibers
Authors: Sneha K. R. , Steny P. S. , Sailaja G. S. 
Published: October 2021

Intrinsically radiopaque cellulose based surgical suture from Agave sisalana plant leaf fiber holding good mechanical properties and antimicrobial functionality.
Rotation acceleration of asteroids (10115) 1992 SK, (1685) Toro, and (1620) Geographos due to the YORP effect
Authors: Ďurech J. , Vokrouhlický D. , Pravec P. , Krugly Yu. N. , Kim M.-J. , Polishook D. , Ayvazian V. V. , Bonev T. , Choi Y.-J. , Datashvili D. G. , Donchev Z. , Ehgamberdiev S. A. , Hornoch K. , Inasaridze R. Ya. , Kapanadze G. V. , Kim D.-H. , Kučáková H. , Kusakin A. V. , Kušnirák P. , Lee H.-J. , Molotov I. E. , Moon H.-K. , Mykhailova S. S. , Nikolenko I. V. , Novichonok A. , Oey J. , Omarov Ch. T. , Pollock J. T. , Reva I. V. , Rumyantsev V. V. , Zhornichenko A. A. 
Published: October 2021

Context. The rotation state of small asteroids is affected by the Yarkovsky–O’Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack (YORP) effect, which is a net torque caused by solar radiation directly reflected and thermally reemitted from the surface. Due to this effect, the rotation period slowly changes, which can be most easily measured in light curves because the shift in the rotation phase accumulates over time quadratically.
Aims. By new photometric observations of selected near-Earth asteroids, we want to enlarge the sample of asteroids with a detected YORP effect.
Methods. We collected archived light curves and carried out new photometric observations for asteroids (10115) 1992 SK, (1620) Geographos, and (1685) Toro. We applied the method of light curve inversion to fit observations with a convex shape model. The YORP effect was modeled as a linear change of the rotation frequency υ ≡ dω∕dt and optimized together with other spin and shape parameters.
Results. We detected the acceleration υ = (8.3 ± 0.6) × 10−8 rad d−2 of the rotation for asteroid (10115) 1992 SK. This observed value agrees well with the theoretical value of YORP-induced spin-up computed for our shape and spin model. For (1685) Toro, we obtained υ = (3.3 ± 0.3) × 10−9 rad d−2, which confirms an earlier tentative YORP detection. For (1620) Geographos, we confirmed the previously detected YORP acceleration and derived an updated value of υ with a smaller uncertainty. We also included the effect of solar precession into our inversion algorithm, and we show that there are hints of this effect in Geographos’ data.
Conclusions. The detected change of the spin rate of (10115) 1992 SK has increased the total number of asteroids with YORP detection to ten. In all ten cases, the dω∕dt value is positive, so the rotation of these asteroids is accelerated. It is unlikely to be just a statistical fluke, but it is probably a real feature that needs to be explained.
On the most luminous planetary nebulae of M 31
Authors: Galera-Rosillo Rebeca , Mampaso Antonio , Corradi Romano L. M. , García-Rojas Jorge , Balick Bruce , Jones David , Kwitter Karen B. , Magrini Laura , Villaver Eva 
Published: October 2021

Context.The planetary nebula luminosity function (PNLF) is a standard candle that comprises a key rung on the extragalactic distance ladder. The method is based on the empirical evidence that the luminosity function of planetary nebulae (PNe) in the [O III]λ5007 nebular emission line reaches a maximum value that is approximately invariant with population age, metallicity, or host galaxy type. However, the presence of bright PNe in old stellar populations is not easily explained by single-star evolutionary models.Aims.To gain information about the progenitors of PNe at the tip of the PNLF, we obtained the deepest existing spectra of a sample of PNe in the galaxy M 31 to determine their physico-chemical properties and infer the post-asymptotic giant branch (AGB) masses of their central stars (CSs). Precise chemical abundances allow us to confront the theoretical yields for AGB stellar masses and metallicities expected at the bright end of the PNLF. Central star masses of the sampled PNe provide direct information on the controversial origin of the universal cutoff of the PNLF.Methods.Using the OSIRIS instrument at the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), optical spectra of nine bright M 31 PNe were obtained: four of them at the tip of the PNLF, and the other five some 0.5 mag fainter. A control sample of 21 PNe with previous GTC spectra from the literature is also included. We analyze their physical properties and chemical abundances (He, N, O, Ar, Ne, and S), searching for relevant differences between bright PNe and the control samples. The CS masses are estimated with Cloudy modeling using the most recent evolutionary tracks.Results.The studied PNe show a remarkable uniformity in all their nebular properties, and the brightest PNe show relatively large electron densities. Stellar characteristics also span a narrow range: ⟨L*/L⊙⟩ = 4300 ± 310, ⟨Teff⟩ = 122 000 ± 10 600 K for the CSs of the four brightest PNe, and ⟨L*/L⊙⟩ = 3300 ± 370, ⟨Teff⟩ = 135 000 ± 26 000 K for those in the control set. This groups all the brightest PNe at the location of maximum temperature in the post-AGB tracks for stars with initial massesMi = 1.5M⊙.Conclusions.These figures provide robust observational constraints for the stellar progenitors that produce the PNLF cutoff in a star-forming galaxy such as M 31, where a large range of initial masses is in principle available. Inconsistency is found, however, in the computed N/O abundance ratios of five nebulae, which are 1.5 to 3 times larger than predicted by the existing nucleosynthesis models for stars of these masses.
Nachsorge bei Lebendnierenspendern
Authors: Holzmann-Littig Christopher , Braunisch Matthias Christoph , Kappler Verena , Wen Ming , Hartmann Daniel , Aßfalg Volker , Renders Lutz 
Published: October 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Nachsorge der Lebendnierenspender kann in 3 Phasen unterteilt werden. In der postoperativen Phase, die im Wesentlichen den Klinikaufenthalt umfasst, steht das übliche postoperative Management im Vordergrund. In der Frühphase, die etwa ein Jahr andauert, werden die Weichen für die korrekte Lebensweise gestellt, Lifestyle-Modifikationen durchgeführt, die Entwicklung der Nierenfunktion überwacht und die berufliche Wiedereingliederung des Spenders einschl. psychosozialer Aspekte unterstützt. In der Langzeitphase steht weiterhin die Optimierung aller eine chronische Niereninsuffizienz begünstigenden Faktoren im Vordergrund. Zudem müssen alle Komplikationen einer selten auftretenden, aber möglichen, Nierenfunktionsverschlechterung frühzeitig erkannt und behandelt werden. Spenderinnen, die eine Schwangerschaft planen, müssen über die erhöhten Risiken erneut aufgeklärt werden. Für die jeweiligen Therapie- und Präventionsstrategien stehen die nephrologischen 1, transplantationsmedizinischen 2, 3, hypertensiologischen 4, internistischen 5 und urologischen 6 Leitlinien und Manuale 7 zur Verfügung.
Automatic design of chiral mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Beretta Lorenzo , Bonfanti Silvia , Fiocchi Jacopo , Font-Clos Francesc , Guerra Roberto , Tuissi Ausonio , Zapperi Stefano 
Published: October 2021

Automatic design of mechanical metamaterials is key to achieving efficiencies in terms of a desired functionality that can far exceed the rationally designed man-made solutions. Here, we introduce a discrete element model capable of describing the mechanical response of three-dimensional trussed structures under a predetermined external perturbation and coupling it to an optimization algorithm in order to produce chiral mechanical metamaterials, twisting under compression and thus converting linear motion into rotation. By comparing the machine-designed structures with pre-existing human-designed solutions, we show that the former can achieve a much higher efficiency in terms of rotating angle per unit compressive strain. We confirm our results by finite element calculations and by experiments on 3D printed structures. The presented method paves the way to the discovery of novel functional mechanisms that can act over a broad size range, from micro- to macroscales, giving rise to a countless number of possible solutions for functional mechanical metamaterials.
Phase engineering of transition metal compounds for boosting lithium/sodium storage
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Huang Jinzhen , Wang Ran , Zhao Li , Zhang Yumin , Gao Tangling , Yao Tai , Song Bo 
Published: October 2021

The rapid development of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium ion batteries (SIBs) requires novel anode materials with high performance. Phase engineering has been regarded as a promising strategy used for enhancing the electrochemical performance of LIBs and SIBs due to its superiority of selectively synthesizing the phases with favorable electrochemical performance and reasonably designing the electrode materials with multiphase regulation. Recently, much progress has been made in phase engineering, including the strategies of phase transition and applications of phase engineering in lithium/sodium storage. This Research Update summarizes the structure and electrical characteristics of transition metal compounds with multiple phases, various strategies for their phase transition engineering, and advanced applications in lithium/sodium storage. Moreover, we also offer general perspectives on current obstacles and future chances in this emerging field, including exploration on the sodium/lithium storage mechanism toward different phases, understanding on structure–mechanism–performance relationships in conjunction with theoretical and experimental research, development of new materials with phase transition and new phase transition strategies, and design of a phase interface (phase junction) with novel phase engineering.
Structural and hydraulic responses of humid tropical soils to lime and organic residue amendments
Authors: Francis Ronen , Bramble De Shorn E. , Wuddivira Mark N. , Gouveia Gregory A. 
Published: October 2021

In humid tropical environments, where soils are characteristically acidic and low in organic matter, lime and organic residues have been used to improve soil quality. A systematic consideration of their interaction is, therefore, crucial for land-based ecosystem management. A 28-day incubation pot study was carried out to investigate the main and interactive effects of lime and organic residue type (corn stover and vermicompost) on aggregate stability under rapid wetting (WSAr), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), and soil water repellency (SWR) on three acidic soils with contrasting clay content from Trinidad: Cunupia (Aquic Hapludalfs), Sangre Grande (Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts), and Talparo (Aquertic Eutrudepts). Organic residue had a significant (P ≤ 0.001) increasing effect on WSAr and Ksat for all three soils, this being highest for corn stover and lowest for no residue. Lime and organic residue interactive effects were only significant (P ≤ 0.05) for WSAr in the Cunupia soil, where lime significantly reduced WSAr in the vermicompost and no residue, but not in the corn stover treatment. Soil water repellency increased with clay content and was highest in the lime–corn stover treatment of the Talparo soil. Overall, our results suggest that applying crop residue with lime may help minimise the short-term deleterious effects of lime on the structural and hydraulic properties of humid tropical soils. Nonetheless, future experiments with a wider range of soils and organic residues need to be carried out for a longer term to validate our results.
Metaphor in education
Authors: Ahlgren Katrin , Golden Anne , Magnusson Ulrika 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This special issue explores the use of metaphor in education from a multilingual perspective in two Scandinavian
countries, Norway and Sweden. In this introduction, we include a brief overview of earlier research in the domain and identify
common factors noteworthy to discuss in relation to the multilingual context, for instance, the notion of creativity and speaker
legitimacy in a second language context. The issue includes six articles comprising multilingual school children, youth,
university students, adult migrants, and indigenous minorities. Several of the articles focus on second language acquisition, use
and assessment, while others deal more with social issues, including unequal power relations and prejudices that newcomers
encounter in everyday life.
Mashi – this language was in my ears
Authors: Golden Anne , Steien Guri 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn order to understand the process of learning new languages as adults, we need to take into account learners’ past experiences with all of their language(s), as such experiences shape attitudes and conceptualizations. In this paper, we present an analysis of metaphorical expressions in the narrated linguistic biographies of (former) refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in Norway. The participants speak a multitude of languages, e.g., different local Congolese languages, Congolese national languages (Lingala or Swahili), French (the official language of the DRC), in addition to Norwegian (the language of the host society). Attention is paid to how the participants’ expressions align with conceptual metaphors emerged from work in Cognitive Linguistics, such aslanguage is an object,language is a personandlanguage is an identity marker, as well as specificationslike language is a toolandlanguage is a possession. We argue that awareness of conceptualizations of ‘language’ can contribute to the development of language training pedagogies that better reflect learners’ past experiences.
Same-sign tetralepton signature in type-II seesaw at lepton colliders *
Authors: Bai Xu-Hong , Han Zhi-Long , Jin Yi , Li Hong-Lei , Meng Zhao-Xia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The same-sign tetralepton signature via the mixing of neutral Higgs bosons and their cascade decays to charged Higgs bosons is a unique signal in the type-II seesaw model with the mass spectrum

. In this study, we investigate this signature at future lepton colliders, such as the ILC, CLIC, and MuC. Direct searches for doubly charged scalar

at the LHC have excluded

GeV in the

decay mode. Therefore, we choose

GeV as our benchmark scenarios. Constrained by direct search,

is the only viable decay mode for

GeV at the

TeV ILC. With an integrated luminosity

, the promising region, with approximately 150 signal events, corresponds to a narrow band in the range of

GeV. Meanwhile, for

GeV at the

TeV CLIC, approximately 10 signal events can be produced with

. For heavier triplet scalars

GeV, although the

decay mode is allowed, the cascade decays are suppressed. A maximum event number

can be obtained at approximately

GeV and

for

GeV with

at the

TeV CLIC. Finally, we find that this signature is not promising for

GeV at the

TeV MuC. Based on the benchmark scenarios, we also study the observability of this signature. In the

mode, one can probe

GeV at future lepton colliders.
Fusion of spherical-octupole pairs of colliding nuclei for compact and elongated configurations *
Authors: Jain Shivani , Sharma Manoj K. , Kumar Raj 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The deformation and associated optimum/uniquely fixed orientations play an important role in the synthesis of compound nuclei via cold and hot fusion reactions, respectively, at the lowest and highest barrier energies. The choice of optimum orientation (

) for the ‘cold or elongated’ and ‘hot or compact’ fusion configurations of quadrupole (

) deformed nuclei depends only on the +/- signs of

-deformation [J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 31, 631-644 (2005)]. In our recent study [Phys. Rev. C 101, 051601(R) 2020], we proposed a new set of

(different from the values reported for quadrupole deformed nuclei) after the inclusion of octupole deformation (up to

) effects. Using the respective

of

-deformed nuclei for cold and hot optimum orientations, we analyzed the impact of the soft- and rigid-pear shapes of octupole deformed nuclei on the fusion barrier characteristics (barrier height

and barrier position

). This analysis is applied to approximately 200 spherical-plus-

deformed nuclear partners, that is, 16O, 48Ca+octupole deformed nuclei. Compared with the compact configuration, the elongated fusion configuration has a relatively larger impact on the fusion barrier and cross-sections owing to the inclusion of deformations up to

. Its agreement with available experimental data for the 16O+150Sm reaction (

=0.205,

=-0.055) also improves when the optimum orientation degree of freedom is fixed in view of octupole deformations. This reinforces the fact that nuclear structure effects play an important role in the nuclear fusion process. Thus, octupole deformed nuclei can be used for the synthesis of heavy and superheavy nuclei.
Do we need to use regularization for the thermal part in the NJL model? *
Authors: Xue Kai , Yu Xiaozhu , Wang Xinyang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model is one of the most useful tools for studying non-perturbative strong interactions in matter. Because it is a nonrenormalizable model, the choice of regularization is a subtle issue. In this paper, we discuss one of the general issues regarding regularization in the NJL model, which is whether we need to use regularization for the thermal part by evaluating the quark chiral condensate and thermal properties in the two-flavor NJL model. The calculations in this work include three regularization schemes that contain both gauge covariant and invariant schemes. We found that, regardless of the regularization scheme we choose, it is necessary to use regularization for the thermal part when calculating physical quantities related to the chiral condensate and to not use regularization for the thermal part when calculating physical quantities related to the grand potential.
Catechol functionalized ink system and thrombin-free fibrin gel for fabricating cellular constructs with mechanical support and inner micro channels
Authors: Zhou Ying , Fan Yuchao , Chen Zhi , Yue Zhilian , Wallace Gordon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The development of 3D bio printing technology has contributed to protocols for the repair and regeneration of tissues in recent years. However, it is still a great challenge to fabricate structures that mimic the complexity of native tissue, including both the biomechanics and microscale internal structure. In this study, a catechol functionalized ink system was developed to produce tough and elastic scaffolds with built-in micro channels that simulate the vascular structure. And a skin model was designed to evaluate the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds. The mechanical support stemmed from the double network based on catechol-hyaluronic acid (HACA) and alginate, the micro channels were generated using sacrificial gelatin. HACA/alginate and gelatin were firstly printed using a 3D extrusion printer. Thrombin-free fibrinogen were then mixed with human dermal fibroblasts and introduced to the printed scaffolds to induce gelation. An immortal human keratinocyte cell line was introduced on top of the cellular construct to mimic the full thickness skin structure. The printed scaffolds demonstrated high elasticity and supported the formation of a double-layered cell-laden skin like structure. The results suggest the 3D printing platform developed here provides a platform for skin regeneration and could be explored further to engineer functional skin tissue by incorporation of other types of cells.
A note on the asymptotic behavior of radial solutions to quasilinear elliptic equations with a Hardy potential
Authors: Itakura Kenta , Tanaka Satoshi 
Published: October 2021

The quasilinear elliptic equation with a Hardy potential

d
i
v

(

|

x

|

α

|

∇
u

|

p
−
2

∇
u
)
+

μ

|

x

|

p
−
α

|

u

|

p
−
2

u
=
0

in

R

N

−
{
0
}

\begin{equation*} {\mathrm {div}}(|x|^\alpha |\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u) + \frac {\mu }{|x|^{p-\alpha }}|u|^{p-2}u = 0 \quad \text {in} \ {\mathbf {R}}^N-\{0\} \end{equation*}

is considered, where

N
∈

N

N\in {\mathbf {N}}

,

p
>
1

p>1

and

α
∈

R

\alpha \in {\mathbf {R}}

,

μ
∈

R

−
{
0
}

\mu \in {\mathbf {R}}-\{0\}

. In this note, the asymptotic behaviors of radial solutions are obtained divided into three case

μ
>

|

(
N
−
p
+
α
)

/

p

|

p

\mu >|(N-p+\alpha )/p|^p

,

μ
=

|

(
N
−
p
+
α
)

/

p

|

p

\mu =|(N-p+\alpha )/p|^p

and

μ
>

|

(
N
−
p
+
α
)

/

p

|

p

\mu >|(N-p+\alpha )/p|^p

. This equation also appears as the Euler-Lagrange equation related to the weighted Hardy inequality

∫
Ω

|

∇
u
(
x
)

|

p

|

x

|

α

d
x
≥

|

N
−
p
+
α

p

|

p

∫
Ω

|

u
(
x
)

|

p

|

x

|

α
−
p

d
x

\begin{equation*} \int _\Omega |\nabla u(x)|^p |x|^\alpha dx \ge \Biggl | \frac {N-p+\alpha }{p} \Biggr |^p \int _\Omega |u(x)|^p |x|^{\alpha -p} dx \end{equation*}

for

u
∈

C
c
∞

(

R

N

)

u \in C_c^\infty ({\mathbf {R}}^N)

and

N
−
p
+
α
≠
0

N-p+\alpha \ne 0

, where

Ω
\Omega

is a domain of

R

N

{\mathbf {R}}^N

.

The rectifiability of oscillatory solutions to the ordinary differential equation with one-dimensional

p
p

-Laplacian is also studied, and an answer to an open problem is given.