bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Drug Distributor Knowledge, Attitudes, and Motivation Surrounding Mass Drug Administration for Soil-Transmitted Helminths in India
Authors: Aruldas Kumudha , Kaliappan Saravanakumar Puthupalayam , Israel Gideon John , Palanisamy Gokila , Johnson Jabaselvi , Titus Angelin , Walson Judd L. , Means Arianna Rubin , Ajjampur Sitara Swarna Rao 
Published: November 2021

Background: DeWorm3 is an ongoing multi-country community-based cluster-randomized trial assessing the feasibility of interrupting transmission of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) with community-wide mass drug administration (cMDA). In Tamil Nadu, India, community drug distributors (CDDs) worked with DeWorm3 field staff to counsel community members and deliver door-to-door deworming treatment. As CDDs were likely to influence successful delivery of cMDA, we describe drivers of CDDs' knowledge, attitudes, and motivation toward delivery of cMDA.Methods: In this convergent mixed-methods study, a questionnaire on STH and cMDA was administered to 104 CDDs and 17 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. Key outcomes in the quantitative and qualitative analyses included CDDs' knowledge about STH and cMDA and attitudes toward cMDA for STH. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the strength of associations between independent and outcome variables. The FGDs were analyzed using a priori thematic coding.Results: CDDs who completed at least secondary school education [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.71, 95% CI: 1.16–6.33] and had prior experience in health programs (aOR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.15–6.44) were more knowledgeable about STH and cMDA. CDDs belonging to the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes (aOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.04–5.39), and to households engaged in a skilled occupation (aOR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.21–6.34) had a more positive attitude toward cMDA for STH. The FGDs showed that while there were myths and misconceptions about STH, many CDDs believed that the adult population in their communities were infected with STH, and that a door-to-door drug delivery strategy would be optimal to reach adults.Conclusions: Educational and socioeconomic backgrounds and experience in health programs should be considered while designing CDD trainings. Along with cMDA delivery for STH, as CDD do share community myths and misconceptions around STH, they should be proactively addressed during the CDD training to strengthen competency in counseling.
Parental Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Tobacco Use, Smoking Cessation, and Children's Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure
Authors: Dai Siyu , Au Chun Ting , Chan Michael Ho Ming , Kam Richard Kin Ting , Li Albert Martin , Chan Kate Ching-Ching 
Published: November 2021

Background: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in children ranks one of the major public health problems in our time. Poor parental knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on ETS often contribute to worse exposure of the kids. Thus, we aimed to document parental KAP regarding tobacco use, smoking cessation and children's ETS exposure, and to analyse how knowledge and attitude relate to practice.Methods: Self-administered KAP questionnaires were distributed to smoking parents recruited from the pediatric unit at the Prince of Wales Hospital, which provides pediatric service to a population of 1.2 million in Hong Kong. The 60-item questionnaire had a range of 0–38 for knowledge, 0–44 for attitude, and 0–40 for practice. Descriptive analyses were performed for KAP response, regression analyses were performed for the exploration of associations and identification of predictive indicators.Results: 145 smoking parents (mean age: 38.0 ± 6.7 yrs.; male: 85.5%) were included. Less than half (39.3%) of them reported a smoke-free policy at home. Among those parents who had private cars, less than half (45.2%) of them had smoke-free policy in their car that they never smoked in the car. Only 25.5% of the participants correctly answered ≥70% of the knowledge questions, and 11.8 % of the participants gave favorable responses to ≥70% of the attitude questions. The total knowledge and the total attitudes score were positively associated (r = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.35–0.79, p &lt; 0.001), yet they were only modestly correlated with parental practice on children's ETS exposure. By multivariate regressions, potential predictive factors for more favorable parental KAP included higher household income, lower parental nicotine dependence level and breastfeeding practice.Conclusions: Parental KAP related to tobacco use and children's ETS exposure needs improvement to address the significant gap between recommended and actual practice. The weak association between knowledge and practice suggested that parental education alone is not adequate to combat ETS exposure in children.
How Did the COVID-19 Lockdown Affect Children and Adolescent's Well-Being: Spanish Parents, Children, and Adolescents Respond
Authors: Ajanovic Sara , Garrido-Aguirre Jon , Baro Bàrbara , Balanza Núria , Varo Rosauro , Millat-Martínez Pere , Arias Sara , Fonollosa Jordi , Perera-Lluna Alexandre , Jordan Iolanda , Muñoz-Almagro Carmen , Bonet-Carne Elisenda , Crosas-Soler Aina , Via Esther , Nafria Begonya , García-García Juan José , Bassat Quique 
Published: November 2021

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown strategies have been widely used to contain SARS-CoV-2 virus spread. Children and adolescents are especially vulnerable to suffering psychological effects as result of such measures. In Spain, children were enforced to a strict home lockdown for 42 days during the first wave. Here, we studied the effects of lockdown in children and adolescents through an online questionnaire.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Spain using an open online survey from July (after the lockdown resulting from the first pandemic wave) to November 2020 (second wave). We included families with children under 16 years-old living in Spain. Parents answered a survey regarding the lockdown effects on their children and were instructed to invite their children from 7 to 16 years-old (mandatory scholar age in Spain) to respond a specific set of questions. Answers were collected through an application programming interface system, and data analysis was performed using R.Results: We included 1,957 families who completed the questionnaires, covering a total of 3,347 children. The specific children's questionnaire was completed by 167 kids (7–11 years-old), and 100 adolescents (12–16 years-old). Children, in general, showed high resilience and capability to adapt to new situations. Sleeping problems were reported in more than half of the children (54%) and adolescents (59%), and these were strongly associated with less time doing sports and spending more than 5 h per day using electronic devices. Parents perceived their children to gain weight (41%), be more irritable and anxious (63%) and sadder (46%). Parents and children differed significantly when evaluating children's sleeping disturbances.Conclusions: Enforced lockdown measures and isolation can have a negative impact on children and adolescent's mental health and well-being. In future waves of the current pandemic, or in the light of potential epidemics of new emerging infections, lockdown measures targeting children, and adolescents should be reconsidered taking into account their infectiousness potential and their age-specific needs, especially to facilitate physical activity and to limit time spent on electronic devices.
Long-Term Trends in Unintentional Fall Mortality in China: A Population-Based Age-Period-Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Zhenkun , Hu Youzhen , Peng Fang 
Published: November 2021

Background: Unintentional falls seriously threaten the life and health of people in China. This study aimed to assess the long-term trends of mortality from unintentional falls in China and to examine the age-, period-, and cohort-specific effects behind them.Methods: This population-based multiyear cross-sectional study of Chinese people aged 0–84 years was a secondary analysis of the mortality data of fall injuries from 1990 to 2019, derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Age-standardized mortality rates of unintentional falls by year, sex, and age group were used as the main outcomes and were analyzed within the age-period-cohort framework.Results: Although the crude mortality rates of unintentional falls for men and women showed a significant upward trend, the age-standardized mortality rates for both sexes only increased slightly. The net drift of unintentional fall mortality was 0.13% (95% CI, −0.04 to 0.3%) per year for men and −0.71% (95% CI, −0.96 to −0.46%) per year for women. The local drift values for both sexes increased with age group. Significant age, cohort, and period effects were found behind the mortality trends of the unintentional falls for both sexes in China.Conclusions: Unintentional falls are still a major public health problem that disproportionately threatens the lives of men and women in China. Efforts should be put in place urgently to prevent the growing number of fall-related mortality for men over 40 years old and women over 70 years old. Gains observed in the recent period, relative risks (RRs), and cohort RRs may be related to improved healthcare and better education.
The Value of FujiLAM in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Zhenzhen , Tong Xiang , Liu Sitong , Yue Jirong , Fan Hong 
Published: November 2021

Background: Timely and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) remains a major challenge. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a specific component of the cell envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is also a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of TB. Recently, the Fujifilm SILVAMP TB LAM test (FujiLAM), as a novel urine lateral flow LAM test, was developed for the diagnosis of TB and is convenient and timely. Because of a difference in the diagnostic value of FujiLAM in the original studies, we conducted a meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the diagnostic value of FujiLAM in TB.Data Sources: We performed a literature search using the PubMed and EMBASE databases and commercial Internet search engines to identify studies.Methods: Searches of databases using relevant terms (“tuberculosis” or “TB”) and (“Fujifilm SILVAMP TB LAM” or “FujiLAM”) were performed. Screening, study reviewing, data extracting and assessing data quality was performed independently by two reviewers. We calculated the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio. To minimize potential heterogeneity, we performed subgroup analyses.Results: Nine articles were included in the meta-analysis. When using the microbiological reference standard (MRS), the results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of FujiLAM were 0.70 and 0.93, respectively, in adults with TB, while the sensitivity and specificity of FujiLAM in children with TB were 0.51 and 0.87. When using a comprehensive reference standard (CRS), the sensitivity and specificity of FujiLAM in adults with TB were 0.59 and 0.96, respectively, while the results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of FujiLAM in children with TB were 0.27 and 0.86, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that FujiLAM had higher diagnostic sensitivity in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection or CD4 cell counts &lt; 200 cells/μL, both in adults and children.Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that FujiLAM has a high value in the diagnosis of adults with TB.
Sex-Related Difference in the Association Between Child Neglect and the Accuracy of Body Weight Perception Among Chinese Primary Schoolchildren
Authors: Yu Hong-jie , Liu Xiangxiang , Liu Ming-wei , Zhang Min-zhe , Zheng Miaobing , He Qi-qiang 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Body weight perception (BWP) directly determines weight management behaviors. Although child neglect is a well-established risk factor for managing body weight, little is known about its association with the accuracy of BWP. This study aimed to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between child neglect and BWP accuracy in primary schoolchildren, and explore how these differ based on the sex of the child.Methods: The sample included 1,063 primary schoolchildren (557 boys and 506 girls, aged 8–10 years) from a two-wave observational study between 2018 and 2019 in Wuhan, China. Child neglect and BWP were investigated using self-administered questionnaires. The accuracy of BWP was defined by comparing the BWP and actual body weight, and it was categorized into three groups—consistent, underestimated, and overestimated. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted with fitting child neglect as the independent variable and the accuracy of BWP as the dependent variable.Results: The prevalence of weight misperception was ~44% at baseline (underestimation 40%; overestimation 4%) in Chinese primary schoolchildren. In the cross-sectional analysis, children with a higher level of neglect were more likely to misperceive their body weight. Moreover, there was an apparent sex-related difference that boys who experienced a higher level of neglect significantly reported more underestimation, while girls reported more overestimation. There was no significant longitudinal association between child neglect and the change in BWP accuracy.Conclusions: This study revealed that a higher level of neglect was significantly associated with underestimated BWP in boys and overestimated BWP in girls. The mechanisms of sex-related difference and whether child neglect is involved in the change in BWP, merit further investigations.
Citizen Characteristics and Their Participation in Food Safety Social Co-governance: Public Health Implications
Authors: Chen Xiujuan , Qin Ke , Wu Linhai 
Published: November 2021

Objective:Given that positive psychological capital motivates citizens to actively participate in social affairs, this study aims to provide insight into food safety risk management in China by empirically determining which individual characteristics are associated with positive psychological capital for actively participating in social co-governance.Methods:A questionnaire-based survey was undertaken between December 5 and 10, 2020. The study participants were residents of Wuxi in China over the age of 18 years. A validated and pretested questionnaires was used to elicit responses with the participants. Student'st-test and one-way analysis of variance were performed to determine which individual characteristics are significantly correlated with the psychological capital of citizens who participate in co-governance.Post-hocmultiple comparisons were performed for each individual characteristic with a significant correlation to determine which categories of these characteristics yielded the significant differences. Study data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0.Results:A total of 752 completed responses were received. Most respondents were females (52.39%), aged 26–45 (66.09%), married (70.48%), company employees (44.28%), and in good health (89.76%). Most had a household size of 3 (55.98%), a bachelor's degree (40.96%), a personal annual income of more than 100,000 yuan (26.46%), and no children aged under 18 (50.27%) or pregnant women (93.22%) in their households. Data analysis indicated that education, income, and health status significantly associate with the psychological capital of citizens to participate in co-governance. Citizens with high education, high income, and good health status have higher psychological capital to participate in co-governance.Conclusion:The present study suggested citizens are likely to actively participate in food safety social co-governance only when they have at least one of the following three characteristics: (1) higher than average income in their city of residence; (2) a bachelor's degree or higher education; or (3) good health. Therefore, motivating citizens to participate in co-governance is a long-term process in China. The fundamental strategy is to increase the income of citizens, especially among low-income groups, promote education to improve the food safety literacy of the public, and improve sanitation and public health.
Risk Perception Measurement and Influencing Factors of COVID-19 in Medical College Students
Authors: Qin Shangren , Zhou Mengqiu , Ding Ye 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: In China, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been under control and entered the normal prevention and control stage. For medical college students, many studies have analyzed their knowledge, risk perception, and prevention behaviors of COVID-19, but only a few pieces of research explore the content structure of COVID-19 risk perception and the influencing factors. This study measured the students' risk perception of COVID-19 and its dimensions and analyzed the influencing factors of risk perception among them.Methods: The online questionnaire survey was conducted at Hangzhou Medical College in Zhejiang Province among undergraduates and junior college students. A scale was formulated to precisely measure and analyze the COVID-19 risk perception among medical college students. The factors affecting the COVID-19 risk perception in medical college students were analyzed using the multivariate linear regression model.Results: A total of 810 medical students participated in the survey. Results show that COVID-19 risk perception among medical college students was divided into four dimensions: perceived health threat, perceived severity, perceived controllability, and perceived infection possibility. The results showed that income, education, major, and COVID-19 knowledge were the important factors affecting the COVID-19 risk perception of medical college students. Related factors have different influences on the various dimensions of COVID-19 risk perception. COVID-19 knowledge was significantly related to all dimensions of risk perception.Conclusion: This study evaluates the content structure of medical college students' risk perception of COVID-19 precisely and related influencing factors. It is necessary to grasp the risk perception, prevention, and control behaviors of medical college students of different backgrounds, education levels, and majors. Further knowledge training should be conducted for students majoring in clinical medicine, especially the pandemic prevention and control measure training to enhance their sense of security at work.
Audit Energi unit Kondenser Turbin di PLTP Perspektif Teknik Kimia menggunakan ANFIS
Authors: Shoelarta Shoerya , Haryati Anissa Feni , Hermawan Kholiq 
Published: November 2021

Audit energy merupakan salah satu metoda yang diwajibkan oleh pemerintah RI dalam peningkatan program konservasi energy diindustri sekaligus sebagai peningkatan produksi atau pengurangan biaya konsumsi energi produksi. Program ini dikenal dikenal dengan nama Proper yang dikelola oleh kementrian lingkungan hidup dan kehutanan. PT Geodipa Energi sebagai pemilik Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi Patuha yang berkapasitas 60 MW (100%) berusaha mengikuti program ini yang bila lolos akan mendapatkan manfaat berupa insentif. Pengoptimalan kinerja pendinginan baik dikondenser dan cooling tower dengan beberapa parameter yang direkam di DCS digunakan sebaga data input meningkatkan vakum di luaran turbin. Vakum yang dihasilkan akan memperbesar torsi yang dihasilkan sehingga generator terrotasi lebih kuat dan output daya yang dihasilkan meneningkat. Penggunaan artificial intellegence (AI) dalam hal ini ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System) dikombinasikan dengan pengetahuan praktis teknologi proses kimia dapat memperkirakan optimasi yang akan dicapai. Torsi tambahan ini lebih lanjut diharapkan meningkatkan produksi energi listrik sampai 2 – 3 % dari rata rata 88% kapasits sekarang, tanpa menambah daya pemakaian sendiri (own used power).
Pengaruh Perbandingan Katalis ZSM-5 dengan Katalis Alumina terhadap Pembentukan Biofuel dengan Bahan Baku Minyak Jelantah
Authors: Alam Paqih Purnama , Nugraha I Wayah Adithama , Ghozali Mukhtar , Suminar Dian Ratna 
Published: November 2021

The average consumption rate of cooking oil in Indonesia on 2019 was 61 million litre. Because of that makes the waste cooking oil produces very high to. To prevent the consument littering the waste cooking oil, we can recycle it to be biofuel with many fraction such as biodiesel, biogasoline, and biokerosene. There are many ways to process the waste cooking oil to be, biofuel one of them is catalytic cracking. This study is induct by observe the biofuel that form from the catalytic cracking process with cooking oil as the base material using a hybrid catalyst ZSM-5/Alumina. The purpose of this study is to observe the influence of ZSM-5 and Alumina ratio as heterogenic catalyst and also the used of the catalyst frequently. The highest conversion of liquid product was produce with value 41,67% at alumina variation of 17,5%. The used of catalyst frequently will affect the decrease amount of liquid product that produce. The analysis of chemical properties using GC-MS obtained the amount of kerosene 29,917 %; gasoline 3,996 %; and diesel 10,1 %. The other product was carboxylics acids,alcohol, and unidentified compound.

Keyword : Cooking oil, biofuel, ZSM-5, Alumina, catalytic cracking
Resolução de problemas em Educação Matemática e o desenvolvimento de habilidades de pensamento de ordem superior
Authors: Vieira Gilberto , Allevato Norma Suely Gomes 
Published: November 2021

Neste artigo buscou-se explorar a relação entre resolução de problemas em Educação Matemática e o desenvolvimento de habilidades de pensamento de ordem superior. Para tanto, conceituou-se o que são habilidades de pensamento de ordem superior e como elas podem ser desenvolvidas nas aulas de Matemática a partir da abordagem da resolução de problemas. Para ilustrar como o trabalho com resolução de problemas pode colaborar para com o desenvolvimento dessas habilidades foram apresentadas duas situações propostas e realizadas no âmbito da sala de aula. Trata-se de dados de pesquisas realizadas com alunos de sexto e oitavo anos do Ensino Fundamental, que utilizaram a resolução de problemas como estratégia de aprendizagem. O artigo é um estudo qualitativo, de natureza descritiva/interpretativa, que utilizou procedimentos de Análise Textual Discursiva no tratamento dos dados, que consistem na resolução escrita (e/ou desenhada) dos problemas propostos aos alunos. Evidenciou-se que a resolução de problemas pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de habilidades de pensamento de ordem superior, como a conversão de registros (escritos-visuais), a comparação de diferentes afirmações, a elaboração de justificativas e provas, a comunicação matemática e o desenvolvimento do pensamento criativo, e que o tipo de problema a ser trabalhado é um fator que pode contribuir decisivamente para o sucesso da proposta.