bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of anal cytological abnormalities and high‐risk human papillomavirus prevalence in kidney transplant recipients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rosales Brenda M. , Langton‐Lockton Julian , Hedley James , Cornall Alyssa M. , Roberts Jennifer M. , Garland Suzanne M. , Kelly Patrick J. , Hillman Richard J. , Webster Angela C. ,   the Transplant and Anal Neoplasia Study group
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransplant recipients are at high‐risk of anal squamous cell cancer. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and assess characteristics associated with resultsMethodsWe recruited kidney transplant recipients in a single‐center, 2015–2018. Participants completed a clinical questionnaire and received an anal‐swab sent for HPV‐DNA and cytological testingResultsA total of 97 (74%) of 125 recipients approached consented to participate. Participants were median 47 (IQR 40–55) years, 60% male and median 4.5 (IQR .9‐13) months‐since‐transplant. Of 86 assessable samples, at least one HPV genotype was detected in 15 (17%) participants; 1 (1%) HPV16, 8 (9%) other high‐risk HPV. Of 76 assessable cytology samples, 9 (12%) showed evidence of abnormality; 1 (1%) HSIL, 1 (1%) atypical‐squamous‐cells, cannot exclude HSIL. Both HSIL recipients had high‐risk HPV and biopsy confirmed HSIL. High‐risk HPV was detected in six (9%) recipients with normal cytology. History of sexually transmitted infection, and abnormal cervical pap smear in women, was associated with high‐risk HPV and HSILConclusionsHigh‐risk HPV and HSIL testing may identify kidney transplant recipients at higher risk of anal cancer. Longitudinal studies are needed to describe the natural history of anal cancer in transplant recipients.
Evaluation of the potential drug interactions mediated through P‐gp, OCT2, and MATE1/2K with filgotinib in healthy subjects
Authors: Hsueh Chia‐Hsiang , Anderson Kacey , Shen Gong , Yun Chohee , Qin Ann , Othman Ahmed A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFilgotinib, a preferential Janus Kinase‐1 inhibitor, is approved in Europe and Japan for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and is being developed for treatment of other chronic inflammatory diseases. Three drug‐drug interactions studies were conducted in healthy subjects to evaluate the effect of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) modulation (study 1: P‐gp inhibition by itraconazole and study 2: P‐gp induction by rifampin) on filgotinib pharmacokinetics and the potential of filgotinib to impact exposure of metformin, an organic cation transporter (OCT) 2 and multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) 1/2K substrate (study 3). Co‐administration of filgotinib with itraconazole increased filgotinib exposure (maximum concentration [Cmax] by 64% and area under the curve to infinity [AUCinf] by 45%) but had no effect on the exposure of GS‐829845, filgotinib’s primary metabolite. Rifampin moderately reduced exposures of filgotinib and GS‐829845 (Cmax by 26% and AUCinf by 27% for filgotinib; Cmax by 19% and AUCinf by 38% for GS‐829845). The data confirmed that filgotinib is a P‐gp substrate. However, the magnitude of change in filgotinib/GS‐829845 exposure by P‐gp modulators is not deemed to be clinically relevant based on filgotinib exposure‐response analyses in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis. Filgotinib did not alter metformin exposures, indicating that filgotinib and GS‐829845 do not inhibit OCT2 and MATE1/2K at the clinical doses. Filgotinib was generally well‐tolerated when administered alone or with the co‐administered drugs in the studies. Results from these studies were the basis to enable the use of P‐gp modulators and substrates of OCT2, MATE1, and MATE2K with filgotinib without the need for dose modifications in the current approved rheumatoid arthritis population.
Hegemony of economic values in conducting clinical trials with a placebo‐control group to investigate the treatment of periodontitis in lower‐middle‐income countries
Authors: Ardila Carlos M. , Ovalle Constanza E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article analyzes the bioethical implications of using a control/placebo group when conducting clinical trials (CTs) investigating the treatment of periodontitis. For this, the deductive method was used, proposing the interrelation of values, and a scoping systematic review was carried out. A total of 53% of the CTs reviewed were performed in low‐ and middle‐income (LMI) countries, and 92% used a control/placebo group as a comparison group. Although there is a gold standard for the adjunctive treatment of periodontitis, the research ethics committees of most of the analyzed studies approved the use of control/placebo groups for the performance of CTs that did not explore new therapeutic alternatives. In some cases, the CT protocols were not approved by ethics committees, nor was informed consent used. In the LMI countries, a shorter period of recruitment was observed for patients who attended universities and public hospitals. Likewise, most of the CTs reviewed had public funding, a significant amount of which came from the pharmaceutical industry. Only one CT reported the low economic and educational level of its participants. Furthermore, none of the authors of the reviewed CTs declared conflicts of interest. Although the axiology of techno‐science always takes into account at least the epistemic, technical and economic value systems, the hegemony of the economic values imposed by the pharmaceutical industry is evident in the performance of CTs investigating the treatment of periodontitis in LMI countries.
Automated speech analysis in early untreated Parkinson's disease: Relation to gender and dopaminergic transporter imaging
Authors: Rusz Jan , Tykalová Tereza , Novotný Michal , Zogala David , Růžička Evžen , Dušek Petr 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanisms underlying speech abnormalities in Parkinson's disease (PD) remain poorly understood, with most of the available evidence based on male patients. This study aimed to estimate the occurrence and characteristics of speech disorder in early, drug‐naive PD patients with relation to gender and dopamine transporter imaging.MethodsSpeech samples from 60 male and 40 female de novo PD patients as well as 60 male and 40 female age‐matched healthy controls were analyzed. Quantitative acoustic vocal assessment of 10 distinct speech dimensions related to phonation, articulation, prosody, and speech timing was performed. All patients were evaluated using [123]I‐2b‐carbomethoxy‐3b‐(4‐iodophenyl)‐N‐(3‐fluoropropyl) nortropane single‐photon emission computed tomography and Montreal Cognitive Assessment.ResultsThe prevalence of speech abnormalities in the de novo PD cohort was 56% for male and 65% for female patients, mainly manifested with monopitch, monoloudness, and articulatory decay. Automated speech analysis enabled discrimination between PD and controls with an area under the curve of 0.86 in men and 0.93 in women. No gender‐specific speech dysfunction in de novo PD was found. Regardless of disease status, females generally showed better performance in voice quality, consonant articulation, and pauses production than males, who were better only in loudness variability. The extent of monopitch was correlated to nigro‐putaminal dopaminergic loss in men (r = 0.39,p = 0.003) and the severity of imprecise consonants was related to cognitive deficits in women (r = −0.44,p = 0.005).ConclusionsSpeech abnormalities represent a frequent and early marker of motor abnormalities in PD. Despite some gender differences, our findings demonstrate that speech difficulties are associated with nigro‐putaminal dopaminergic deficits.
Smart user experience medical app interface design based on mobile devices
Authors: Zhang Qi , Liu Yishu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith the improvement of people's living standards, the characteristics of people's consumption needs changing from material to spiritual are very obvious, and the focus is now on the importance of health awareness. However, current medical resources are limited and scattered, and medical needs cannot be met. In order to solve these problems, the research of medical application (APP) for mobile devices is of great significance. In order to improve the usability of medical apps and reduce the difficulty of operation, this article mainly introduces the interface design of the smart user experience medical apps based on mobile devices. This article conducts APP page management through technical analysis of mobile devices and user experience‐oriented design. The framework design of the browser and the construction of the interface Model‐View‐Controller (MVC) design mode, and then through the questionnaire survey method to the user experience needs and expectations of the medical APP to design the main key of the page function. Finally, a smart user experience medical APP interface was designed. The practicability is as high as 90%, and the operation simplification is as high as 80%.
Wellbeing and blue‐green space in post‐pandemic cities: Drivers, debates and departures
Authors: Dobson Julian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCovid‐19 has focused attention on the importance of urban green and blue spaces (such as parks and watercourses) for human wellbeing. Less attention has been devoted to how those spaces might contribute to a wider rethinking of relations between humans and the more‐than‐human world in post‐pandemic cities. This article outlines how Covid‐19 opens up a broader debate about the future of urban green spaces, especially in the global North, but highlights the limitations of this debate. It signposts emerging directions in inquiry, drawing on current concerns in health geographies and the political ecology of health. These include recognition of the agency and worth of the more‐than‐human world; the need to understand and value wellbeing in terms of relationships between places, nature and people; and the importance of long‐term thinking in practical decision‐making and planning. These shifts can be grounded in everyday practice by rethinking the role of urban blue‐green space, pointing to a research agenda in which ordinary spaces and practices are understood as contributing to assemblages of wellbeing across whole urban areas, rooted in increased connection between humans and the more‐than‐human world.
Identification of freight generating industry complexes: A descriptive spatial analysis
Authors: Dhulipala Sowjanya , Patil Gopal R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a descriptive spatial analysis is carried out by identifying the geographical localisations of various industry sectors that generate freight movements at a regional level in India. The district‐level data are used to identify “industry complexes” from 21 industry sectors using the Getis‐Ord Gi* statistic. Mumbai, Thane, Pune, Raigad, and Ahmednagar of Maharashtra state emerged as complexes for most industry clusters. Findings showed that metropolitan characteristics and availability of raw materials play an essential role in districts emerging as complexes. The location of freight terminals, such as seaports, is one of the major governing factors in distributing logistics and transportation activities. Most of the districts have better transport infrastructure and logistics activities inside the complexes compared to non‐complex areas. However, a need to improve transport infrastructure and logistics in the complexes of non‐metallic mineral products and coke and refined petroleum products is found. The study can help policymakers understand the areas that need improvement, investments, and complex‐based economic development strategies.
Transcutaneous pudendal nerve stimulation for refractory urinary incontinence: A viable option?
Authors: Terzoni Stefano , Ferrara Paolo , Mora Cristina , Alessandrini Sara , Federica Arianna , Montanari Emanuele , Destrebecq Anne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAccording to international recommendations pelvic floor exercises represent the first conservative intervention to be offered to patients with non‐neurogenic urinary incontinence. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve using sticking electrodes has not been extensively studied so far and is not mentioned in the European guidelines. Physiology suggests that it might be a viable option to treat incontinence refractory to pelvic floor exercises. To investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve in a sample of patients of both genders with urinary incontinence refractory to pelvic muscle exercises. Prospective pilot study on a convenience sample, assessed with 24 h pad‐test. Twenty‐four patients (18 male, six female) were enrolled. Pre‐treatment urinary leakages with sacral root stimulation were Me = 230 g, IQR [90;305], range 50–500. Post‐treatment urinary leakages had a median of 55 g, IQR [10;137], range 0–400 (p < 0.0001). Transcutaneous pudendal nerve stimulation is an effective, non‐invasive treatment that deserves studies on larger samples.
When dogs meow: An electrophysiological study of lexical–semantic processing in toddlers
Authors: Manfredi Mirella , Celebic Corina , Daum Moritz M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe goal of this study was to investigate lexical–semantic processing at an early phase of language development. Adults often communicate with children using infant‐directed speech that typically involves lexical and syntactic modifications such as onomatopoeias (Soderstrom, 2007). Here, we asked how and when children start to show an advantage for processing conventional linguistic forms, such as common nouns, and consequently decreasing sensitivity to onomatopoeias. We recorded event‐related brain potentials in children of two age groups (16–21 months and 24–31 months) and in an adult control group during the presentation of four conditions in which either common nouns or onomatopoeias were presented auditorily followed by a picture of an either congruent or incongruent object. We focused on the N400 effect, a more negative ERP response to incongruent compared with congruent semantic relations. The younger children showed an N400 effect only for onomatopoeic words, while the older children showed an N400 effect only for common nouns. The adults showed N400 effects for onomatopoeia and nouns. These different N400 effects suggest that onomatopoeia and common nouns are differently organized in children's semantic memory and that the acquisition of linguistic abilities affects and modifies semantic processing of different lexical information.
Viscosity and structure evolution of bearing‐BaO slag melt with the low CaO/SiO2 mass ratio of 0.7
Authors: Liu Wenguo , Chen Yanbiao , Chen Jiansheng , Wang Jingsong , Zuo Haibin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe effect of BaO on the viscosity of experimental slag with the CaO/SiO2 ratio of 0.7 was studied based on the rotating cylinder method, and the structure evolution analysis was performed using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and 27Al MAS‐NMR spectra. The results indicated that the viscosity of molten slag decreased gradually with BaO content rising from 0 wt.% and 5 wt.% due to the dominant effect of free O2‐ rather than Ba2+. The viscous flow activation energy (Eη) of molten slag was calculated, presenting a similar change trend with that of viscosity. The structure analysis demonstrated that, with the increasing BaO content, the [SiO4]‐tetrahedral structures and Si‐O‐Al bonds were destroyed due to an increase in the relative fraction of free oxygen (O2‐). For the Al‐related structural units, the 27Al magic angles spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (27Al MAS NMR) spectra analysis illustrated that the concentration of [AlO4] units reduced, whereas that of [AlO5] and [AlO6] units increased because of the increase of free oxygen and nonbridged oxygen (O0). The results of structure analysis agreed well with the viscosity variations of experimental slag.
Structure and properties of Bi(Zn½Ti½)O3‐modified Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 piezo‐/ferroelectric ceramics around the ternary morphotropic phase boundary
Authors: Xie Yujuan , Wang Bi‐Xia , Claire Neha , Ye Zuo‐Guang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo develop high‐performance piezo‐/ferroelectric materials, Bi(Zn½Ti½)O3–PbZrO3–PbTiO3 (BZT–PZ–PT) ternary solid solution with compositions around the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) is synthesized by solid‐state reaction. The crystal structure and electric properties are investigated systematically by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), dielectric spectroscopy, and ferroelectric and piezoelectric measurements. On the basis of the results of the XRD, dielectric and ferroelectric measurements, the pseudo‐binary phase diagram of the yBi(Zn½Ti½)O3–(1 − y)[(1 − x)PbZrO3–xPbTiO3] system has been constructed for three series, namely, y = 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15. It is found that the introduction of BZT into the PZT system makes the paraelectric to ferroelectric phase transition more diffuse, brings the MPB to a lower PT content, and enlarges the MPB region. The best properties with an improved dielectric constant ε' = 1248, and a large remnant polarization Pr = 33 μC/cm2, as well as a relatively high TC = 286°C, and a high coercive field Ec = 23 kV/cm was achieved in the y = 0.15 series with MPB composition x = 0.425, making it a promising material for high‐power piezoelectric applications.
Enlightenment Environmentalism: A Humanistic Response to Climate Change
Authors: Pinker Steven 
Published: September 2021

The author counters the prevailing pessimism about the environment, which he calls “Romantic Declinism,” with his own “Enlightenment humanism,” which is informed by science and belief in the possibility of progress. While sharing environmentalists’ goal of protecting the air and water, species, and ecosystems, the author begins with the conviction that environmental problems can be solved, given the right knowledge and proper use of it. Economic growth, while no doubt contributing to the problem, is also a major and essential part of the solution. Where Romantic Declinists see modern humans as “vile despoilers of a pristine planet,” the author views human ingenuity and technology as the path not to ecological suicide, but to a more prosperous, and eventually greener, global society.Enlightened environmentalism recognizes the human need to produce energy to lift itself out of poverty, and seeks the means to do so while minimizing the damage to the planet and the living world. As recounted by the author, the 200‐year trend of energy decarbonization provides clear evidence that, as the world gets richer and more technologically advanced, it “dematerializes, decarbonizes, and densifies,” thereby sparing land and species. And new technology, notably nuclear power, holds out the promise of generating electricity with little or no carbon emitted, while carbon capture holds out the possibility of removing CO2 from the atmosphere. As the author sums up this approach,Problems are solvable. That does not mean that they will solve themselves, but it does mean that we can solve them if we sustain the benevolent forces of modernity that have allowed us to solve problems so far, including societal prosperity, wisely regulated markets, international governance, and investments in science and technology.
Trust and childhood maltreatment: evidence of bias in appraisal of unfamiliar faces
Authors: Neil Louise , Viding Essi , Armbruster‐Genc Diana , Lisi Matteo , Mareschal Isabelle , Rankin Georgia , Sharp Molly , Phillips Harriet , Rapley Jessica , Martin Peter , McCrory Eamon 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundChild maltreatment is associated with poorer social functioning and increased risk of mental health problems in adolescence and adulthood, but the processes underlying these associations remain unclear. Although crucial for establishing and maintaining relationships, trust judgements have not been experimentally investigated in children who have experienced abuse and neglect.MethodsA community‐based sample of 75 children aged 8–16 years with maltreatment documented on the basis of social services records, and a group of 70 peers matched on age, gender, cognitive ability, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity took part in the study. Children completed a trustworthiness face‐judgement task in which they appraised the trustworthiness of unfamiliar facial stimuli varying along a computationally modelled trustworthiness dimension.ResultsIn line with clinical observations that childhood maltreatment is associated with an atypical pattern of trust processing, children with maltreatment experience were significantly less likely than their peers to rate unfamiliar faces as trustworthy. Moreover, they were more variable in their trust attributions than their peers.ConclusionsThe study provides compelling experimental evidence that children with documented maltreatment perceive others as less trustworthy than their peers and are less consistent in their estimates of trustworthiness in others. Over time, alterations in trust processing may disrupt the development of social bonds and contribute to ‘social thinning’ (a reduction in the extent and quality of social relationships), leaving children more vulnerable to environmental stressors, increasing risk of mental health difficulties.
Association of insulin treatment with gastric residue during an esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Authors: Kobori Toshiko , Onishi Yukiko , Iwamoto Masahiko , Kubota Tetsuya , Kikuchi Takako , Tahara Tazu , Takao Toshiko , Fujiwara Hiroaki , Yoshida Yoko , Kasuga Masato 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association of glycemic control and diabetes treatment to gastric residue observed during an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Among 6,592 individuals who had esophagogastroduodenoscopy at our clinic between 2003 and 2019, we retrospectively and longitudinally identified those who had gastric residue during an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Other data collected were age, sex, diagnosis of diabetes, glycated hemoglobin and diabetes medication. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of these data with the occurrence of gastric residue. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first retrospective cohort study finding that undergoing insulin treatment is a risk factor for gastric residue independent of age, sex and diabetes or glycated hemoglobin.