bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second Wave and Pandemic Situation of COVID-(2020-2021) In Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Ahasan Ullah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In Bangladesh, the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR) reported the first COVID-19 positive patients in the country on March 8, 2020. The world health organization (WHO) declared a COVID-19 epidemic on March 11, 2020. The aim of this study was related to the situation and relation of tests, infested, recovered and death of people against COVID-19 of Bangladesh. The study was carried out from 8 March 2020 to 30 April 2021 (N=419 days) to observe the status of Bangladesh towards rampant COVID-19. The data of this research was collected from IEDCR, Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), and cross-checked with different newspapers and online news portals. Correlations were made using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The total tests, infection, recovered and died were 5357294, 747761, 669995 and 11250; respectively in Bangladesh. The tests of COVID-19 were 1482, 69252, 244064, 460528, 409503, 362113, 397452, 389452, 436862, 454892, 424034, 392403 and 722848 in March to December, 2020 to January to April 2021; respectively in Bangladesh. The infestation of COVID-19 was 49, 7616, 39486, 98330, 92125, 73070, 50457, 44205, 57248, 58948, 21629, 11077 and 128555 in March to December, 2020 to January to April 2021; respectively in Bangladesh. The recovered of COVID-19 was 25, 135, 7904, 34845, 76517, 69452, 71600, 48658, 56099, 70367, 22285, 17140 and 150816 in March to December, 2020 to January to April 2021; respectively in Bangladesh. The death of COVID-19 was 6, 163, 472, 1198, 1264, 1125, 970, 666, 718, 938, 568, 277 and 2237 in March to December, 2020 to January to April 2021; respectively in Bangladesh. The maximum number of people infested and death in April, 2021. The positive correlation found between infested with tests and recovered with tests of April, 2021 by people where (R2= 0.5289, p<0.012 and 0.0000006 p<0.05) and the negative correlation found between tests with date and death with tests (R2= 0.2567, p<0.01 and 0.3614, p<0.01). All the Spearman correlation positive with moderate to strong relation between the variables at the 0.01 level in two-tailed and the total number was n=419. The mean Spearman correlation for tests was 0.31 (range 0.553 to 0.634), for infested was 0.35 (range 0.611 to 0.880), for recovered was 0.796 (range 0.634 to 0.799), for death was 0.808 (range 0.553 to 0.880). March to December 2020 and January to February 2021, not much less than April 2021. More people infested and died in April, 2021 than previous year. This study also indicated that there is moderate to strong relation among tests, infested, recovered and death with COVID-(2020-2021).
Effect of different timescales of drought on water productivity of rain-fed winter wheat in arid and semi-arid regions
Authors: Moghimi Mohammad Mehdi , Shabani Ali , Zarei Abdol Rasoul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research aims at assessing the impact of drought (in the form of original and modified reconnaissance drought indices (ORDI and MRDI)) on water productivity of rainfed winter wheat in some arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. It focuses on different timescales of drought to determine which period of the year had the greatest significant impact. RDI was modified using the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation method (FAO) (MRDI-1), US Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) (MRDI-2), the Simplified version of Soil Conservation Service of the US Department of Agriculture method (USDA-SCS-simplified) (MRDI-3), and the CROPWAT version of USDA-SCS method (USDA-SCS CROPWAT) (MRDI-4). Results showed that in Tabriz and Zanjan stations, 3-month scale of MRDI-2; in Ghazvin, Arak, and Kerman stations, 6-month scale of MRDI-4; in Sanandaj station, 12-month timescale of MRDI-3; and in Shiraz stations, 1-month timescale of MRDI-1 resulted in the highest values of correlation coefficients. According to the goodness-of-fit parameters, in Tabriz and Zanjan stations, MRDI-1; in Ghazvin, Arak and Kerman stations, MRDI-2; in Shiraz station, MRDI-3; and in Sanandaj station, ORDI resulted in the best generalized estimating equation model. These results can be useful to plann for the management of cultivation in impressive timescales.
Assessment of climate change impact on hydrology of a transboundary river of Bhutan and India
Authors: Zam Phub , Shrestha Sangam , Budhathoki Aakanchya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Assessing the impacts of climate change on a transboundary river plays an important role in sustaining water security within as well as beyond the national boundaries. At times, the unilateral decision taken by one country can increase the risk of negative effect on the riparian countries and if the impact is felt strongly by the other country, it can lead to international tension between them. This study examines the impact of climate change on hydrology between a shared river which is Wangchu river in Bhutan and Raidak river in India. The river is mainly used to produce hydropower in the two largest hydropower plants on which the majority of Bhutan's economic development depends and is mainly used for agriculture in India. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used for future flow simulation. Future climate was projected for near future (NF) from 2025–2050 and far future (FF) from 2074–2099 using an ensemble of three regional climate models (ACCESS, CNRM-CM5 and MPI-ESM-LR) for two RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways), RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenario. The ensemble results indicated that, in future, the study area would become warmer with temperature increase of 1.5 °C under RCP 4.5 and 3.6 °C under RCP 8.5. However, as per RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, rainfall over the study area is projected to decrease by 1.90% and 1.38%, respectively. As a consequence of the projected decrease in rainfall, the flow in the river is projected to decrease by 5.77% under RCP 4.5 and 4.73% under RCP 8.5. Overall, the results indicated that the degree of hydrological change is expected to be higher, particularly for low flows in both Wangchu and Raidak River. Since transboundary water is shared for economic growth, climate change adaptation and opportunities should also be considered by both the nations for better water management.
Application of artificial neural network (ANN-MLP) for the prediction of fouling resistance in heat exchanger to MgO-water and CuO-water nanofluids
Authors: Benyekhlef Ahmed , Mohammedi Brahim , Hassani Djamel , Hanini Salah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed with the aim of predicting fouling resistance for heat exchanger, the network was designed and trained by means of 375 experimental data points that were selected from the literature. These data points contain six inputs, including time, volumetric concentration, heat flux, mass flow rate, inlet temperature, thermal conductivity and fouling resistance as an output. The experimental data are used for training, testing and validation of the ANN using multiple layer perceptron (MLP). The comparison of statistical criteria of different networks shows that the optimal structure for predicting the fouling resistance of the nanofluid is the MLP network with 20 hidden neurons, which has been trained with Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm. The accuracy of the model was assessed based on three known statistical metrics including mean square error (MSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and coefficient of determination (R2). The obtained model was found with the performance of {MSE = 6.5377 × 10−4, MAPE = 2.40% and R2 = 0.99756} for the training stage, {MSE = 3.9629 × 10−4, MAPE = 1.8922% and R2 = 0.99835} for the test stage and {MSE = 5.8303 × 10−4, MAPE = 2.57% and R2 = 0.99812} for the validation stage. In order to control the fouling procedure, and after conducting a sensitivity analysis, it found that all input variables have strong effect on the estimation of the fouling resistance.
Natural Products as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy to Target
Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Erkisa Merve , Sariman Melda , Geyik Oyku Gonul , Geyik Caner , Stanojkovic Tatjana , Ulukaya Engin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
Cancer remains a deadly disease, and its treatment desperately needs to be managed through
novel, rapidly advancing strategies. Most cancer cases eventually develop into recurrences, for which
cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible. These cells are considered a subpopulation of
all tumor cancer cells, with aberrant regulation of self-renewal, unbalanced proliferation, and cell death
properties. CSCs show a marked degree of resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy and immune
surveillance. To combat CSCs, new drugs are flooding the market each year, increasing the cost of
therapy dramatically. Natural products are becoming a new research area, presenting a diverse chemical
library to suppress CSCs and some natural products show great promise in this regard. In the near future,
the introduction of natural products as a source of new chemotherapy modalities may result in the
development of novel anticancer drugs that could be reasonably-priced alternatives to expensive current
treatments. Lately preclinical and clinical research has focused on natural compounds’ effects on targeting
surface markers, signaling pathways, apoptosis, and escape from immunosurveillance. In this review,
we present research on the mechanisms through which natural compounds kill CSCs and the
potential use of natural compounds in the inhibition of CSCs.
Quantitative Trait Loci Identification by Estimating the Genetic Model
based on the Extremal Samples
Authors: Yang Zining , Yang Yaning , Xu Xu Steven , Yuan Min 
Published: June 2021

Background:
In genetic association studies with quantitative trait loci (QTL), the association between a candidate genetic marker and the trait of interest is commonly examined by the omnibus F test or by the t-test corresponding to a given genetic model or mode of inheritance. It is known that the t-test with a correct model specification is more powerful than the F test. However, since the underlying genetic model is rarely known in practice, the use of a model-specific t-test may incur substantial power loss. Robust-efficient tests, such as the Maximin Efficiency Robust Test (MERT) and MAX3 have been proposed in the literature.

Methods:
In this paper, we propose a novel two-step robust-efficient approach, namely, the genetic model selection (GMS) method for quantitative trait analysis. GMS selects a genetic model by testing Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (HWD) with extremal samples of the population in the first step and then applies the corresponding genetic model-specific t-test in the second step.

Results:
Simulations show that GMS is not only more efficient than MERT and MAX3, but also has comparable power to the optimal t-test when the genetic model is known.

Conclusion:
Application to the data from Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort demonstrate that the proposed approach can identify meaningful biological SNPs on chromosome 19.
Association of PAF and its Metabolic Enzymes with GGT and the Fatty Liver Index in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Detopoulou Paraskevi , Nomikos Tzortzis , Fragopoulou Elizabeth , Antonopoulou Smaragdi 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Platelet-activating-factor (PAF) is a lipid inflammatory mediator implicated
in liver disease. Its main biosynthetic enzymes are cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-choline:
1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol-cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT) and acetyl-coenzyme A:
lyso-PAF-acetyltransferases (Lyso-PAF-AT). At the same time, PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH)
and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) degrade PAF.

Objective:
To explore the relation of PAF metabolism with liver diseases and non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease, as reflected by the fatty liver index (FLI).

Methods:
In 106 healthy volunteers, PAF concentration, the activity of its metabolic enzymes and
gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were measured in whole blood, leukocytes and serum, respectively
and the FLI was calculated. Partial correlations and linear regression models were used.

Results:
In males, serum GGT activity was positively correlated with abdominal fat (as assessed
by analysis of a manually defined region of interest in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), triacylglycerols,
bound-PAF and Lp-PLA2, while the FLI was positively correlated with Lp-PLA2 activity.
In females, serum GGT activity was negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(HDL-C) (age adjusted correlations, all p<0.05). Lp-PLA2 was a significant determinant of serum
GGT activity in males after controlling for age, low- density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and
abdominal fat. The addition of bound-PAF in the model significantly increased the explained
variance of serum GGT activity (total variance explanation 30%).

Conclusions :
Bound-PAF and Lp-PLA2 activity predicted serum GGT activity while Lp-PLA2 was
also related to FLI. Our findings shed light on the metabolic pathways linking Lp-PLA2 to other
atherosclerosis and/or oxidative markers, such as HDL-C, LDL-C, GGT and FLI and underline the
important role of PAF.
Health Recommender Systems: Systematic Review
Authors: De Croon Robin , Van Houdt Leen , Htun Nyi Nyi , Štiglic Gregor , Vanden Abeele Vero , Verbert Katrien 
Published: June 2021

Background
Health recommender systems (HRSs) offer the potential to motivate and engage users to change their behavior by sharing better choices and actionable knowledge based on observed user behavior.

Objective
We aim to review HRSs targeting nonmedical professionals (laypersons) to better understand the current state of the art and identify both the main trends and the gaps with respect to current implementations.

Methods
We conducted a systematic literature review according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and synthesized the results. A total of 73 published studies that reported both an implementation and evaluation of an HRS targeted to laypersons were included and analyzed in this review.

Results
Recommended items were classified into four major categories: lifestyle, nutrition, general health care information, and specific health conditions. The majority of HRSs use hybrid recommendation algorithms. Evaluations of HRSs vary greatly; half of the studies only evaluated the algorithm with various metrics, whereas others performed full-scale randomized controlled trials or conducted in-the-wild studies to evaluate the impact of HRSs, thereby showing that the field is slowly maturing. On the basis of our review, we derived five reporting guidelines that can serve as a reference frame for future HRS studies. HRS studies should clarify who the target user is and to whom the recommendations apply, what is recommended and how the recommendations are presented to the user, where the data set can be found, what algorithms were used to calculate the recommendations, and what evaluation protocol was used.

Conclusions
There is significant opportunity for an HRS to inform and guide health actions. Through this review, we promote the discussion of ways to augment HRS research by recommending a reference frame with five design guidelines.
An Embodied Conversational Agent in an eHealth Self-management Intervention for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Heart Failure: Exploratory Study in a Real-life Setting
Authors: ter Stal Silke , Sloots Joanne , Ramlal Aniel , op den Akker Harm , Lenferink Anke , Tabak Monique 
Published: June 2021

Background
Embodied conversational agents (ECAs) have the potential to stimulate actual use of eHealth apps. An ECA’s design influences the user’s perception during short interactions, but daily life evaluations of ECAs in health care are scarce.

Objective
This is an exploratory, long-term study on the design of ECAs for eHealth. The study investigates how patients perceive the design of the ECA over time with regard to the ECA’s characteristics (friendliness, trustworthiness, involvement, expertise, and authority), small talk interaction, and likeliness of following the agent’s advice.

Methods
We developed an ECA within an eHealth self-management intervention for patients with both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF), which we offered for 4 months. Patients rated 5 agent characteristics and likeliness of following the agent’s advice before use and after 3 and 9 weeks of use. The amount of patients’ small talk interaction was assessed by log data. Lastly, individual semistructured interviews were used to triangulate results.

Results
Eleven patients (7 male and 4 female) with COPD and CHF participated (median age 70 years). Patients’ perceptions of the agent characteristics did not change over time (P>.05 for all characteristics) and only 1 participant finished all small talk dialogues. After 3 weeks of use, the patients were less likely to follow the agent’s advice (P=.01). The agent’s messages were perceived as nonpersonalized and the feedback as inappropriate, affecting the agent’s perceived reliability.

Conclusions
This exploratory study provides first insights into ECA design for eHealth. The first impression of an ECA’s design seems to remain during long-term use. To investigate future added value of ECAs in eHealth, perceived reliability should be improved by managing users’ expectations of the ECA’s capabilities and creating ECA designs fitting individual needs.

Trial Registration
Netherlands Trial Register NL6480; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/6480
Effects of Mobile App–Based Intervention for Depression in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Mixed Methods Feasibility Study
Authors: Gould Christine E , Carlson Chalise , Ma Flora , Forman-Hoffman Valerie , Ranta Kristian , Kuhn Eric 
Published: June 2021

Background
Digital mental health interventions may help middle-aged and older adults with depression overcome barriers to accessing traditional care, but few studies have investigated their use in this population.

Objective
This pilot study examines the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of the Meru Health Program, an 8-week mobile app–delivered intervention.

Methods
A total of 20 community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults (age: mean 61.7 years, SD 11.3) with elevated depressive symptoms participated in a single-arm pilot study investigating the Meru Health Program, an app-delivered intervention supported by remote therapists. The program primarily uses mindfulness and cognitive behavioral skills to target depressive symptoms. A semistructured interview was completed at the baseline to establish current psychiatric diagnoses. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) depression measures. Anxiety symptoms were measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and the PROMIS Anxiety measure. User experience and acceptability were examined through surveys and qualitative interviews.

Results
In total, 90% (18/20) of the participants completed the program, with 75% (15/20) completing at least 7 of the 8 introductory weekly lessons. On average, participants completed 60 minutes of practice and exchanged 5 messages with their therapists every week. The app was rated as helpful by 89% (17/19) participants. Significant decreases in depressive (P=.03) and anxiety symptom measures (P=.01) were found; 45% (9/20) of participants showed clinically significant improvement in either depressive symptoms or anxiety symptoms.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that the commercially available Meru Health Program may be feasible, acceptable, and potentially beneficial to middle-aged and older adults. Although larger controlled trials are needed to demonstrate efficacy, these findings suggest that digital health interventions may benefit adults of all ages.
COLOR IDENTIFICATIONS OF THE ALTAYS MYTHOLOGICAL DISCOURSE
Authors: Ойноткинова Надежда Романовна 
Published: June 2021

Аннотация: В статье впервые анализируются цветообозначения в мифологическом дискурсе алтайцев. На материале фольклорных текстов — мифов, легенд, сказаний, шаманских текстов — выявлены характерные для мифов базовые традиционные цветообозначения. Цветообозначения рассматриваются как образные признаки мифологических концептов, в семантике которых лежат древние архетипы, возникшие в языке в результате ассоциативно-метафорического переноса.
The paper first considers the specifics of color designations in the Altai mythological discourse. The factual material of the research was published and unpublished folklore texts, in particular, myths, legends, tales, shamanistic campaigns in the Altai language. The color code is important in the conceptualization of the mythological picture of Altaians. The national-cultural specificity of color designations in the mythological discourse is due to their compatibility with concepts-nominations, designating various objects and phenomena of the invisible world. Color designations can be the first component of naming the various names of supernatural beings, deities, spirits, or their clothes. The basic colors revealed in the traditional mythological picture of Altaians — ak “white”, kara “black”, kyzyl “red”, sary “yellow”, kÿreң “brown”, kök “blue” and jazhyl “green” — in the conceptualization of mythological, mythical images, objects of the unreal (invisible) world on the basis of their deepest archetypal signs that arose as a result of associative-metaphorical transfer. In combination with mythological concepts related to the Upper World, white is a sign of divine purity, holiness, blue is a sign of heaven, green is a sign of greenery and lighted sky, red and yellow are a sign of the shining sun. In combination with the mythological images of the Lower World, black as the antipode of white symbolizes darkness, death, red symbolizes blood, hellish hell, yellow means withering, disease, evil, blue means cold, ice, water, green — dim light in darkness. When mythological archetypes were refracted into the system of folk ethics, the transformation of the signs “light — dark” into the signs “good — evil” occurred. In addition to the color code, the zoomorphic code of the Altai culture is used in the conceptualization and structuring of the mythological other world, in the modeling of its geographical landscape and the conceptualization of the world.
Testing The Rational Expectations Hypothesis: An Emprical Evidence From Turkey
Authors: YILDIZ Ümit , GÜNSOY Bülent 
Published: June 2021

The rational expectations hypothesis suggests that economic agents make accurate forecasts about the future using all available information effectively. According to the hypothesis, even if the economic agents make incorrect estimates, they shape the expectations for correcting the error made using the available information and do not make systematic errors.
In this study, the validity of the rational expectations hypothesis for Turkey, using expectations of the inflation rates, is tested. In this context, it is examined whether the expectations are rational or not by examining the unbiasedness and the efficiency of the expectations about the price. According to results, while the efficiency hypothesis is accepted for the expectations of inflation, the unbiasedness for expectations is rejected in the study. This means that although the current information is being used, economic agents can not make the accurate forecasts. Thus, the rational expectations hypothesis for inlation expectations for Turkey is rejected. However, results also show that although the expectations are biased, professional forecasters take into account many variables while forecasting the inflation. This implies that policies can be partially effective if expectations are taken into account in the implementation of economic policies.