bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal volume is related to olfactory impairment in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Roh Haewon , Kang June , Koh Seong‐Beom , Kim Jong Hyun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeRecent evidence has suggested that hyposmia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) may be due to impaired central processing. Furthermore, the hippocampus has been regarded as a critical structure linking olfactory impairment and cognitive impairment in PD patients. This study aimed to identify significant structural alterations of the hippocampus in PD patients with hyposmia, and to determine whether these structural changes are significantly associated with olfactory impairment severity.MethodsEighteen idiopathic PD patients with hyposmia and 18 age‐ and sex‐matched PD patients without hyposmia were enrolled. Hippocampal volume and its subfields were measured using FreeSurfer software and compared between hyposmic and normosmic PD patients. We also compared hippocampal substructures’ volumes and correlated the hippocampal volumes with hyposmia severity.ResultsPD patients with hyposmia had significantly smaller hippocampal volumes. Among the three components of the hippocampus, the hippocampal body showed a markedly lower volume, which correlated significantly with the cross‐cultural smell identification test score that represents olfactory function status. Hippocampal subfield analysis showed that substructures (subiculum, molecular layer) that constitute the hippocampal body showed the most significant volume difference.ConclusionsWe suggest that atrophy of the bilateral hippocampus implies underlying problems in the central olfaction process in PD patients. In particular, the hippocampus might not only play a critical role in olfaction but could also be important for elucidating possible mechanisms of broad nonmotor symptoms in PD patients.
Automatic classification and detection of oral cancer in photographic images using deep learning algorithms
Authors: Warin Kritsasith , Limprasert Wasit , Suebnukarn Siriwan , Jinaporntham Suthin , Jantana Patcharapon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundOral cancer is a deadly disease among the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and it has become an increasingly important public health problem in developing and low‐to‐middle income countries. This study aims to use the convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning algorithms to develop an automated classification and detection model for oral cancer screening.MethodsThe study included 700 clinical oral photographs, collected retrospectively from the oral and maxillofacial center, which were divided into 350 images of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 350 images of normal oral mucosa. The classification and detection models were created by using DenseNet121 and faster R‐CNN, respectively. Four hundred and ninety images were randomly selected as training data. In addition, 70 and 140 images were assigned as validating and testing data, respectively.ResultsThe classification accuracy of DenseNet121 model achieved a precision of 99%, a recall of 100%, an F1 score of 99%, a sensitivity of 98.75%, a specificity of 100%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 99%. The detection accuracy of a faster R‐CNN model achieved a precision of 76.67%, a recall of 82.14%, an F1 score of 79.31%, and an area under the precision‐recall curve of 0.79.ConclusionThe DenseNet121 and faster R‐CNN algorithm were proved to offer the acceptable potential for classification and detection of cancerous lesions in oral photographic images.
Effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on cell migration and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in Asian head and neck cancer cell lines
Authors: Thwe Aye Myat , Mossey Peter , Ellis Ian R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor α (TGFα) on Asian head and neck cancer patient cell lines; in terms of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration to determine whether these changes could be reversed using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Gefitinib and Erlotinib).MethodsCell migration, protrusion and EMT were assessed using both Scatter assay and Scratch assay. Protein expression and localisation were evaluated using immunofluorescence, SDS‐PAGE and Western blotting techniques to identify the involvement of phosphorylated MAPK (Thr202/Tyr204), phosphorylated EGFR (Y1068) and phosphorylated AKT (Ser473) protein expression.ResultsEGF and TGFα induced an EMT‐like phenotypical change, cellular protrusion and cell migration while Gefitinib and Erlotinib blocked these morphological changes and cell migration. We also examined the effect of EGF/TGF α± tyrosine kinase inhibitors on phosphorylation sites Y1068 of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Y1068 was phosphorylated in all test conditions, and all tested concentrations of inhibitors did not inhibit Y1068 phosphorylation.EGF and TGFα increased phosphorylation of MAPK (Thr202/Tyr204) residues compared with serum‐free control while a one‐hour pre‐treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitor(s) before addition of growth factors completely blocked this phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of Akt Ser 473 was also induced by EGF and TGFα, and a one‐hour pre‐treatment with the tyrosine kinas inhibitor(s) reduced this phosphorylation.ConclusionThese data suggest that Gefitinib and Erlotinib prevent activation of downstream signalling proteins MAPK (Thr202/Tyr204) and Akt (Ser473) thereby blocking phenotypic change and cell migration. This study supports the potential therapeutic value of Gefitinib and Erlotinib in targeting head and neck cancer.
H3K27ac‐induced FOXC2‐AS1 accelerates tongue squamous cell carcinoma by upregulating E2F3
Authors: Chen Cuiting , Chen Qiongyu , Wu Jian , Zou Han 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe important roles of lncRNAs have been reported in cancers, including tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Here, we investigated the functional role and molecular mechanisms of lncRNA FOXC2‐AS1 in TSCC.MethodsThe expression level of FOXC2‐AS1 in TSCC was determined by RT‐qPCR. Its biological role was evaluated through colony formation assay, flow cytometry, wound healing, transwell, and Western blot analyses. The interactions among gene were tested by mechanistic investigations.ResultsFOXC2‐AS1 expression was high in TSCC tissues and cells. Functional assays in vitro showed that silencing FOXC2‐AS1 restrained cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration, invasion, and EMT. In the mechanism, it was verified that H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) triggered an increase in FOXC2‐AS1 expression. Furthermore, FOXC2‐AS1 was identified as a cytoplasmic lncRNA and served as a ceRNA to upregulate E2F3 expression via sponging miR‐6868‐5p.ConclusionH3K27ac‐induced FOXC2‐AS1 exhibits carcinogenic property in TSCC by the miR‐6868‐5p/E2F3 axis.
Disparities in digital access among American rural and urban households and implications for telemedicine‐based services
Authors: Curtis Megan E. , Clingan Sarah E. , Guo Huiying , Zhu Yuhui , Mooney Larissa J. , Hser Yih‐Ing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeTo examine characteristics associated with disparities in digital access (i.e., access to high‐speed Internet via a computer or smartphone) in American rural and urban households given that digital access has a direct impact on access to telemedicine‐based services.MethodsUsing the 2019 American Community Survey, we analyzed the proportions of geographic area, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status according to device and high‐speed Internet access. Maximum likelihood logit estimators estimated how these factors influenced device and high‐speed Internet access.FindingsOf 105,312,959 households, 32.29% were without a desktop or laptop computer with high‐speed Internet (WDW), 21.51% were without a smartphone with a data plan for wireless Internet (WSW), and 14.02% were without any digital access (WDA). Nonmetropolitan households were significantly more likely to be WDA than metropolitan households (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.83‐1.91). Relative to non‐Hispanic Whites, non‐Hispanic Blacks (OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.56‐1.64), American Indian or Alaska natives (OR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.82‐2.19), or Hispanics (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.66‐1.74) were significantly more likely to be WDA. When compared to households with private health insurance coverage, households WDA were significantly more likely to have no insurance (OR = 2.44; 95% CI: 2.36‐2.53) or public insurance coverage (OR = 3.78; 95% CI: 3.70‐3.86). Households with any digital access reported higher income and more family members living at home. Using the same predictors, similar findings were reported for households WDW or WSW.ConclusionsSignificant disparities in digital access exist among nonmetropolitan households, racial/ethnic minority households, and lower‐income households. The lack of digital access has implications for the accessibility of health care services via telemedicine and thus could exacerbate health disparities.
Prevalence and overlap of known undernutrition risk factors in children in Nairobi Kenya
Authors: Mutoro Antonina N. , Garcia Ada L. , Kimani‐Murage Elizabeth W. , Wright Charlotte M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe aimed to describe the co‐occurrence of known risk factors for undernutrition and the prevalence of modifiable risks in wasted, stunted and healthy children. Quota sampling was used to recruit healthy [weight for age Z scores (WAZ) > −2 SD] and undernourished [weight for length (WLZ) or WAZ scores ≤ −2 SD] children aged 6–24 months from seven clinics in low‐income areas of Nairobi. Structured interviews were used to identify exposure to socioeconomic, water and hygiene, infant feeding, dietary and behavioural risks (low interest in food, high food refusal and force feeding). We recruited 92 wasted WLZ ≤ −2 SD, 133 stunted (length for age Z scores LAZ ≤ −2 SD) and 172 healthy (LAZ and WLZ > 2SD) children. Nearly all children were exposed to hygiene risks (90%) and low dietary diversity (95%) regardless of nutritional status. Stunted children were more likely to be exposed to socio‐economic risks (54% healthy, 64% wasted and 72% stunted; P = 0.001). Compared with healthy children, wasted and stunted children were more likely to be exposed to infant feeding (25% healthy, 40% wasted and 41% stunted; P = 0.02) and behaviour risks (24% healthy, 49% wasted, and 44% stunted; P = 0.004). Overall, wasted and stunted children were twice as likely to be exposed to more than three risks (23% healthy, 48% wasted, and 50% stunted; P = <0.001). They were also more likely to be exposed to more than three modifiable risks (dietary, handwashing and behaviour risks). Wasting and stunting are associated with exposure to multiple risk factors, many of which are potentially modifiable using targeted advice.
Prevention of racialized medicine in pediatric dermatology: A call to re‐examine skin tone typing
Authors: Khosla Natalia N. , Grullon Karina , Rosenblatt Adena E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Fitzpatrick skin phototype (FSPT), a biologic concept originally constructed in light‐skinned patients to measure UVA sensitivity, is widely used today across pediatric dermatology as a proxy for race, a social and political construct. We outline why this is problematic and could contribute to racially inequitable care and discuss the broader question of whether skin tone is relevant to measure in all cases. We propose that, instead of indiscriminately measuring skin tone in all clinical cases, pediatric dermatologists choose the skin characterization variable most relevant to their patient's condition. This both avoids conflating skin tone with race and more broadly quells the myth of racial essentialism and the resultant practice of racialized medicine, which history has shown is used as justification for discriminatory and harmful practices toward racially marginalized groups.
Tricyclic antidepressant‐induced photosensitivity; A case report and systematic review
Authors: Boontaveeyuwat Einapak , Steyn Mia , Rickaby William , Mcfadden John P , Sarkany Robert P. E. , Fityan Adam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground/PurposeTricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are still widely used and are available to purchase without prescription in some countries. Awareness of adverse cutaneous drug reactions is essential.MethodWe reported a case of photo‐distributed hyperpigmentation due to imipramine and carried out a systematic search of the related articles using the search terms “tricyclic antidepressants” or “tricyclic antidepressive agents”, and “hyperpigmentation” or “photosensitivity disorder”. Fifty non‐duplicate citations were identified of which 28 articles which were independently assessed in full. The review was registered in PROSPERO, CRD42018107338.ResultsThe remaining 25 articles met our inclusion criteria. Photo‐distributed hyperpigmentation tricyclic antidepressant‐induced photosensitivity reactions (TIPs) was the most common presentation. In 21 cases, this presented as an asymptomatic discolouration of exposed sites. Imipramine (81%), amitriptyline (9.5%), desipramine hydrochloride (4.8%) and mirtazapine (4.8%) were reported to be the culprit drugs. Nineteen were female with a mean age at presentation of 55 years. Mean duration from commencing the culprit drug until the development of discolouration was 10.4 years. Mean daily dose was 222.7 mg for imipramine. Histology was characteristic with golden‐brown or brownish granules deposited in dermis. Staining for Masson‐Fontana and MEL‐5 was positive in all cases. Phototesting had not been done in cases prior to ours (negative 3 months after discontinuation of imipramine). Three further reports of suspected TIP presented with non‐specific and eczematous eruption. The two presentations were reported along with systemic problems (thrombocytopenia and hepatic injury).ConclusionsThis systematic review highlights the characteristic features of exposed site hyperpigmentation of TCA‐induced photosensitivity occurring after prolonged drug exposure in many cases.
An Integrative Review of Team Nursing and Delegation: Implications for Nurse Staffing during COVID‐19
Authors: Beckett Cynthia D. , Zadvinskis Inga M. , Dean Jennifer , Iseler Jackeline , Powell Julie M. , Buck‐Maxwell Betty 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, providing care for critically ill patients has been challenging due to the limited number of skilled nurses, rapid transmission of the virus, and increased patient acuity in relation to the virus. These factors have led to the implementation of team nursing as a model of nursing care out of necessity for resource allocation. Nurses can use prior evidence to inform the model of nursing care and reimagine patient care responsibilities during a crisis.PurposeTo review the evidence for team nursing as a model of patient care and delegation and determine how it affects patient, nurse, and organizational outcomes.MethodsWe conducted an integrative review of team nursing and delegation using Whittemore and Knafl’s (2005) methodology.ResultsWe identified 22 team nursing articles, 21 delegation articles, and two papers about U.S. nursing laws and scopes of practice for delegation. Overall, team nursing had varied effects on patient, nursing, and organizational outcomes compared with other nursing care models. Education regarding delegation is critical for team nursing, and evidence indicates that it improves nurses’ delegation knowledge, decision‐making, and competency.Linking evidence to actionTeam nursing had both positive and negative outcomes for patients, nurses, and the organization. Delegation education improved team nursing care.
A Systematic Review of Compliant Mechanisms as Orthopedic Implants
Authors: Huxman Connor , Butler Jared 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Currently available motion-preserving orthopedic implants offer many advantages but have several limitations to their use, including short device lifetime, high part count, loss of natural kinematics, and wear-induced osteolysis and implant loosening. Compliant mechanisms have been used to address some of these problems as they offer several potential advantages - namely, wear reduction, reduced part count, and the ability to achieve complex, patient-specific motion profiles. This article provides a systematic review of compliant mechanisms as orthopedic implants. Based on the PRISMA guidelines for an efficient review, this work identified fourteen implantable orthopedic devices that seek to restore anatomical motion by utilizing mechanical compliance. From reviewing these implants and their results, advantages and consequences for each are summarized. Trends were also identified in how these devices are capable of mitigating common challenges found in orthopedic design. Design considerations for the development of future compliant orthopedic implants are proposed and discussed.
CO Emission Modeling in a Heavy Duty Annular Combustor Operating With Natural Gas
Authors: Meloni R. , Gori S. , Andreini A. , Nassini P. C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper summarizes the development of a large-eddy simulation (LES)-based approach for the prediction of CO emission in an industrial gas turbine combustor. Since the operating point of the modern combustors is really close to the extinction limit, the availability of a tool able to detect the onset of high-CO production can be useful for the proper definition of the combustion chamber air split or to introduce design improvements for the premixer itself. The accurate prediction of CO cannot rely on the flamelet assumption, representing the fundament of the modern combustion models. Consequently, in this work, the extended turbulent flame speed closure (ETFSC) of the standard flamelet generated manifold (FGM) model is employed to consider the effect of the heat loss and the strain rate on the flame brush. Moreover, a customized CO-Damköhler number is introduced to decouple the in-flame CO production region from the postflame contribution where the oxidation takes place. A fully premixed burner working at representative values of pressure and flame temperature of an annular combustor is selected for the validation phase of the process. The comparison against the experimental data shows that the process is not only able to capture the trend but also to predict CO in a quantitative manner. In particular, the interaction between the flame and the air fluxes at some critical sections of the combustor, leading the CO emission from the equilibrium value to the super-equilibrium, has been correctly reproduced.
Creep and Anisotropy of Free-Standing Lithium Metal Foils in an Industrial Dry Room
Authors: Dienemann Lara L. , Saigal Anil , Zimmerman Michael A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Commercialization of energy-dense lithium metal batteries relies on stable and uniform plating and stripping on the lithium metal anode. In electrochemical-mechanical modeling of solid-state batteries, there is a lack of consideration of specific mechanical properties of battery-grade lithium metal. Defining these characteristics is crucial for understanding how lithium ions plate on the lithium metal anode, how plating and stripping affect deformation of the anode and its interfacing material, and whether dendrites are suppressed. Recent experiments show that the dominant mode of deformation of lithium metal is creep. This study measures the time and temperature-dependent mechanics of two thicknesses of commercial lithium anodes inside an industrial dry room, where battery cells are manufactured at high volume. Furthermore, a directional study examines the anisotropic microstructure of 100 µm thick lithium anodes and its effect on bulk creep mechanics. It is shown that these lithium anodes undergo plastic creep as soon as a coin cell is manufactured at a pressure of 0.30 MPa, and achieving thinner lithium foils, a critical goal for solid-state lithium batteries, is correlated to anisotropy in both lithium’s microstructure and mechanical properties.
Surface Gravity Wave Interaction With a Submerged Composite Wavy Porous Plate Attached to a Vertical Wall
Authors: Mohapatra A. K. , Sahoo T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The hydrodynamic performance of composite wavy submerged porous plate attached to a wall is investigated using numerical method multi-domain boundary element method in the linearized water wave theory in which wave past the porous barriers are modeled using Darcy’s law. Effect of the presence of wall on the hydrodynamic parameters like reflection coefficient, dimensionless wave height, wave force and moment acting on the composite wavy porous structure, and horizontal force on the vertical rigid wall is analyzed for various physical parameters like the number of ripple wavelength, structural porosity, submergence depth, and relative amplitude of composite wavy porous plate. The study demonstrates that the efficiency of hydrodynamic characteristics of the composite wavy porous plate attached to the wall is better compared to a horizontal porous plate attached to the wall of the same applicability conditions (around 27% reduction in wave reflection). Moreover, optimum performance of this kind of breakwater system is increased by considering the lower submergence, higher relative ripple amplitude, appropriate relative amplitude, and suitable moderate porosity of the structure in the range of wavenumber 1 &lt; k0h &lt; 5. Dimensionless wave height, horizontal load on the impermeable wall are reduced to zero, while substantial minimization of vertical load on the structure with suitable consideration of the other influencing parameters of porosity Gp = 0.3, relative amplitude Ds/h = 0.1, relative ripple wavelength m &gt; 3, and submergence depth h1/h = 0.3. The present structural arrangement will be useful for attenuating wave effects on the sea wall.
Vertical Farms With Integrated Solar Photovoltaics
Authors: Rehman Naveed ur 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper outlines a method for determining the maximum number of floors of a vertical farm (VF) that can be powered by building-integrated solar photovoltaic panels for supplying artificial lighting to the plants. The panels are mounted on all the walls and the rooftop of the building. It takes into account the location of the site, the monthly average daily solar irradiation, parameters associated with the luminaires, the geometrical dimensions and orientation of the layout, the tilt angle and row spacing between the rooftop panels, and the efficiency of the conversion system. It then provides linear equations representing the year-round electricity demand of the luminaires and the yearly electric yield from the panels. These equations are solved simultaneously to estimate the maximum number of floors. The results show that design performance can be maximized by optimizing the floor dimensions, layout orientation, tilt angle, and row spacing. Hypothetical 300 m2 vertical farms, partially occupied by growing trays, located in Auckland and Dubai, were found to have maximum heights of 1.87 and 3.47 floors, respectively. A free online tool is also presented to help designers and researchers analyze designs located anywhere in the world.