bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement preclinical and clinical skills for dental preparations using assisted training software
Authors: Jorquera Gilbert , Sánchez Juan Pablo , Sampaio Camila S , Atria Pablo , Fernández Eduardo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionDigital workflow is currently available for different fields of dentistry. Additionally, to clinical use, digital technology is focused on the education and training of students. The objective of this study was to show the potential benefit of the use of digital CAD / CAM technology and assisted training software in the evaluation and improvement of student skills in preclinical and clinical environments.Materials and Methods30 models of dental preparations were digitalised and analysed by PrepCheck software, after that was used the PrepCheck Report tool, gathering the results of the analysis in an automatically created report and containing the following parameters: analysis of the conicity, distance between a preparation and the opposing jaw, analysis of the type of preparation, quality of the margin and total occlusal convergence.ResultsThe use of the PrepCheck Pro 2.1 software makes evident the errors made by the students during the biomechanical preparation, since they generally change the inclination, in order to have less difficulties to comply with the parameters established in the preparations. Regarding the evaluated parameters for anterior and posterior fixed prosthesis) such as: ‘Conicity’, ‘Type of preparation’ and ‘Distance to the antagonist’, the preparations, in their majority, were classified within the tolerance range with of 50‐60%, 80‐93% and 53‐67%, respectively.ConclusionThis pilot study demonstrated the benefits of using software and CAD/CAM technology in both preclinical and clinical environments for teaching and learning. Its use on preclinical environments allows the student observe qualitatively and quantitatively a preparation flaws when compared to a master’s preparation. Lastly, the ease of visualising errors associated with magnification would allow students to improve their skills.
Constructing a graduate career future: Working with Bourdieu to understand transitions from university to employment for students from working‐class backgrounds in England
Authors: Bathmaker Ann‐Marie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn high participation systems of higher education, the link between undergraduate study and progression to graduate employment is increasingly tenuous. One response is a growing emphasis on the development of employability skills and preparing students to take advantage of future opportunities as part of university study. This paper uses a Bourdieusian‐based conceptualisation of graduate capitals, combined with a concern for the psycho‐social dimensions of classed experience, to consider transitions through university and into employment for students from working‐class backgrounds in England, drawing on data from a study of students who attended the two universities in Bristol UK. It is argued that the assemblage of capitals that make up graduate capital could be seen as constituting a form of symbolic capital with magical powers, that hides the power relations involved in successful progression to graduate futures. While the move from university into work is more prolonged and precarious for students from all backgrounds, access to the resources that enable the development and mobilisation of graduate capitals, along with psycho‐social dimensions of class, create additional challenges for the development of viable graduate career identities for working‐class students such as those discussed in this paper. The paper concludes by noting implications for policy and practice.
Comparison of post‐operative inflammatory response in horses undergoing elective castration treated preoperatively with ceftiofur crystalline free acid or procaine penicillin G
Authors: Bergstrom T. , Frey M. , Rao S. , Bass L. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryCastration is among the most common surgical procedures performed in the horse (Equus Caballus) and a variety of post‐operative complications can occur. This study aims to determine if a single dose of long‐acting ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CCFA) used as a preoperative antimicrobial in equine field castrations offers any reduction in post‐operative inflammatory markers when compared to procaine penicillin G (PPG). Sixty‐five horses aged 8 months to 2 years were randomly assigned to the CCFA (n = 33) or PPG (n = 32) treatment groups. Horses were castrated under general anaesthesia using a closed castration technique with removal of the median raphe. Quantitative and qualitative inflammatory markers were measured and short‐term complications were recorded post‐operatively on Days 3, 8 and 14. No clinically significant difference in any post‐operative inflammatory markers between the CCFA and PPG group was detected. In the CCFA group, 48% of horses experienced short‐term post‐operative complications compared to 31% in the PPG group. Regardless of the preoperative treatment, castration induced significant elevation in serum amyloid A (P<0.0001), preputial oedema (P<0.0001) and scrotal oedema (P<0.0001) at Day 3. These values returned to baseline levels by Day 8. Horses with grade 3 or above preputial oedema had elevated serum amyloid A values (P<0.001). The data from this study indicate CCFA used as a preoperative antibiotic for routine castration offers no advantages over PPG. The difference in complication rate between groups is likely of minimal clinical importance, as all complications were mild and self‐limiting.
Effects of artificial intelligence on English speaking anxiety and speaking performance: A case study
Authors: El Shazly Reham 
Published: January 2021

AbstractForeign language anxiety (FLA) has been a perennial concern in language learning, as foreign language (FL) learners often communicate feelings of anxiety, stress, or nervousness. This study explored the role of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in speaking practice for FLA management of 48 undergraduate participants in an EFL class in Egypt. An eight‐week, quasi‐experimental pretest–posttest design examined learner anxiety levels using a 33‐item FLA questionnaire. Their oral proficiency was assessed via roleplaying using an interaction‐enhanced public version of the IELTS speaking evaluation rubric. The results confirmed that FL learners experienced FLA pre‐ and post‐intervention. The identified anxiety levels played a facilitative role in FL learning with several ensuing gains. The use of conversationally enhanced AI chatbots in interactive activities slightly intensified learners' FLA, thus meriting further investigation of these objectives. Overall, subject to further development, AI chatbots are promising for significantly improving linguistic output gains; however, this study found that learners' speech‐related anxieties were not reduced following the interactions with the chatbots. It is concluded that FLA plays an underexplored facilitative role in sharpening learner cognitive faculties and linguistic capacities. Moreover, AI chatbots may be beneficial in advancing FL learning with significant potential in EFL contexts, facilitating improved interaction and oral communication. These findings support the integration of AI technologies as effective tools in FL education, providing flexible, interactive, and learner‐centred learning. This study is expected to be of considerable interest to FL educators and learners.
Cost of providing a mobile dental service for dependent older people
Authors: Spatzier Hansmartin , Stillhart Angela , Hillebrecht Anna‐Lena , McKenna Gerald , Srinivasan Murali 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveDental care provision in long‐term care facilities (LTCFs) is often a problem despite the high demand. LTCF residents would greatly benefit from a concept that provides an onsite dental care. A rational evaluation of the costs to render this service as well as the cost benefits is worth investigating. This study aimed to calculate the costs involved in providing a mobile dental clinic (MDC) service for LTCF residents in Zurich, Switzerland.Materials and MethodsCost models for setting up, executing and maintaining an MDC unit were generated. The costs included personnel, equipment/material, maintenance and running costs. The treatment costs were calculated for the treatment in MDC, university‐setting dental clinic (UC) and private practice (PP). Hypothetical cost estimates were generated for the return of the invested capital. Costs incurred for the institutions for accommodating the MDC visit were also calculated.ResultsThe set‐up capital required to start a MDC in Switzerland (for 2020) was approximately around CHF 505'007.90 (Euros 466'576.80) and was around CHF 452'666.48 (Euros 418'218.56) when a dental care professional (DCP) substituted the dentist. The estimated cost savings for an LTCF resident in the MDC were CHF 205.60 (Euros 189.95) when compared to a UC and approximately CHF 226.34 (Euros 209.12) when compared to a PP. With the dentist, the return of the invested capital can be expected by 3 years while it would take around 6 years with the DCP, assuming that the maximum number of patients possible‐to‐treat are treated every year. The daily running costs for the LTCF for accommodating the MDC visit were approximately CHF 299.04 (Euros 276.28).ConclusionsDelivery of oral health services for LTCF residents through the use of a MDC service seems to be an effective model for dependent elders with limited access to care. However, the costs of maintaining this service are high with similarly large start‐up costs. Future development of this model by utilising dental care professionals may produce cost savings but with a more limited range of services offered.
Race in South Asia: Colonialism, nationalism and modern science
Authors: Ghoshal Sayori 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnlike caste and religion, race has not been considered a primary lens for reading the formative histories of the different communities in colonial India. “Race” in South Asia holds a prominent place primarily in the history of medicine. Largely, this scholarship can be considered situated within the more generalized framework of race being the determinant of colonial difference. Beyond that, however, the significant role “race” played in producing knowledge about the difference between communities within the subcontinent, has been underexamined. In the early‐mid 20th century, despite critiquing European race science, several Indian scholars continued to use “race” as a scientific object in order to trace racial difference and affinity between various communities—particularly, Dalits, Muslims, and Adivasis. This anticolonial, nationalist science which derived from certain European methods (viz., anthropometry), without conceding to all conclusions predominant in Europe (viz., the existence of racial purity), contributed to the production of upper‐caste Hindus as the hegemonic population of India. This article argues that much insight remains to be gained by focusing on how race played a fundamental role in producing the notion of the upper caste Hindu population as hegemonic, in distinction to its others, like Scheduled Castes and Muslims.
Reproducing the scalp microbiota community: co‐colonization of a 3D reconstructed human epidermis with C. acnes and M. restricta
Authors: Meloni Marisa , Balzaretti Silvia , Collard Nathalie , Desaint Stephane , Laperdrix Celine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveA 3D reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model colonized with specific microbial strains was developed to model the complex interactions between strains of the human scalp hair.MethodsReconstructed human epidermis was colonized with Cutibacterium acnes and Malassezia restricta for 72 h. The epidermal model was characterized in terms of morphology, using immune‐labelling targeting biomarkers for barrier structure, proliferation, differentiation and anti‐microbial defence. The barrier function was assessed by transepithelial electrical eesistance (TEER) measurements. In order to study the microorganisms on the epidermal model, viable counts and phenotype ultrastructure analysis were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsThe RHE colonized with C. acnes did not lead to severe modifications of the physiological barrier integrity and viability, though it shows aggregates. M. restricta formed large aggregates by a close interaction with the RHE, thus causing both a strong decrease in barrier function and structure degradation and an increased human beta defensin 2 (HBD2) expression. The co‐colonized model resulted in barrier depletion, but the overall damage was less severe, respecting the single colonization with M. restricta. The developed ‘scalp model’ allowed to identify morphological modifications leading to uncontrolled epidermal renewal.ConclusionThis study shows a pre‐clinical model that recapitulates the interactions that can occur between site‐specific microbial strains and keratinocytes in dandruff condition. The model can be applied to assess ingredients and products’ mechanism of action.
Obesity regulates miR‐467/HoxA10 axis on osteogenic differentiation and fracture healing by BMSC‐derived exosome LncRNA H19
Authors: Wang Yijun , Chen Wentao , Zhao Liang , Li Yadong , Liu Zhenyu , Gao Hua , Bai Xiaodong , Wang Baojun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study explored the therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes on the treatment of obesity‐induced fracture healing. Quantitative real‐time PCR was used to detect the expression of lncRNA H19, miR‐467 and Hoxa10 and combined with WB detection to detect osteogenic markers (RUNX2, OPN, OCN). Determine whether exosomes have entered BMSCs by immunofluorescence staining. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining (ARS) staining were used to detect ALP activity and calcium deposition. We found that high‐fat treatment can inhibit the secretion of BMSCs‐derived exosomes and affect the expression of H19 carried by them. In vivo and in vitro experiments show that high‐fat or obesity factors can inhibit the expression of osteogenic markers and reduce the staining activity of ALP and ARS. The treatment of exosomes from normal sources can reverse the phenomenon of osteogenic differentiation and abnormal fracture healing. Further bioinformatics analysis found that miR‐467 as a regulatory molecule of lncRNA H19 and Hoxa10, and we verified the targeting relationship of the three through dual luciferase report experiments. Further, we found similar phenomena in ALP and ARS staining. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes improve fracture healing caused by obesity.
Dynamic navigation guided surgery and prosthetics for immediate loading of complete‐arch restoration
Authors: Pozzi Alessandro , Hansson Lars , Carosi Paolo , Arcuri Lorenzo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess clinical and radiological performance of novel digital workflow integrating dynamic guided surgery, to streamline execution of implant placement, soft and bone tissue sculpturing, and immediate delivery of navigation guided complete‐arch prosthesis.Materials and MethodsThis proof of concept prospective single cohort study investigated 10 consecutive patients (three males, seven females; mean age 62.5 ± 8.9 years; range, 48–75) requiring at least one complete‐arch fixed dental prostheses (FDP) in both jaws, treated between January and August 2019. Primary outcomes were implant and prosthetic success rates, surgical and prosthetic complications. Secondary outcomes were marginal bone loss (MBL), implant stability quotient (ISQ), periodontal parameters (plaque and bleeding indexes).ResultsSixty implants (32 NobelParallel TiUltra and 28 NobelActive TiUltra, Nobel Biocare) were placed and 14 complete‐arch FDPs immediately loaded (mean follow‐up 16.2 ± 1.7 months, 14–18). One implant failed and was immediately replaced. No other surgical or biological complications occurred, accounting for a cumulative success rate of 98.3%. No prosthetic complication occurred, leading to 100% prosthetic success rate. Mean ISQ at implant placement was 71 ± 2.8 (65–78). The mean MBL was −0.53 ± 0.28 mm (−0.22 to −1.12 mm). Plaque and bleeding scores were 14.4 ± 8.18 and 7.15 ± 4.4, respectively.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this proof‐of‐concept dynamic navigation was effective to deliver in the planned coordinates both implants and prosthesis and guide bone and soft tissue sculpturing. Immediate loading of digitally prefabricated esthetically driven complete‐arch FDP was facilitated, resulting in high implant and prosthetic success rates.Clinical SignificanceThe investigated digital workflow integrating dynamic navigation may overcome the difficulties related to immediate positioning and loading of digitally prefabricated complete‐arch FDP. The navigation guided soft and bone tissues sculpturing, associated to xenogeneic collagen matrix grafting, represented a predictable technique to achieve the digitally planned interface, reestablishing the mucosal dimension required for the protection of underlying bone while maintaining tissue health.
Physicochemical properties and rheological behavior of chrysanthemum powder made by superfine grinding and high pressure homogenization
Authors: Li Borui , Cornish Katrina , Zheng Zhian , Wu Min 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe effects of superfine grinding on the properties of chrysanthemum powder (CP) and high pressure homogenization (HPH) on the rheological properties of CP suspensions were investigated. Superfine grinding reduced particle size to a D50 of 28.45 μm. Instantaneous flow function and wall friction tests demonstrated that superfine ground CP had poor flowability and was more cohesive than more coarsely ground samples. Superfine grinding increased thermal stability and reduced the crystallinity of CP. After HPH treatment, the apparent viscosity and consistency coefficient (k, from 0.027 ± 0.005 to 1.847 ± 0.472) of CP suspension was significantly improved (p <.05), indicating that HPH treatment increased the consistency and reduced the fluidity of CP suspensions. As the HPH pressure increased from 40 to 120 MPa, the storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") of the CP suspensions increased, which fitted well with the Power Law model (R2 >.961). The CP suspension is a non‐Newtonian fluid with shear thinning behavior. Flow and rheological characteristics are measured under different consolidation pressures and HPH pressures, respectively. These findings reveal the potential application of superfine grinding and high pressure homogenization in the development of CP.Practical applicationThe use of superfine grinding and high pressure homogenization to process CP has broad application prospects, such as the preparation of micronized Chinese medicinal powders in the pharmaceutical industry and functional foods and beverages in the food industry.
Effects of epidural anesthesia on postpartum maternity blues and fatigue and its relation to changes in oxytocin
Authors: Shishido Eri , Shuo Takuya , Shinohara Kazuyuki , Horiuchi Shigeko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to clarify (a) the association of the delivery mode (i.e., epidural anesthesia or no epidural) with women's changes in longitudinal salivary oxytocin (OT) levels from late pregnancy to early postpartum, and (b) the association of these changes with postpartum maternity blues (MB) and fatigue.MethodsWe used a longitudinal observational design. We performed measurements of the saliva samples at four measurement points: (a) 36–37 gestational weeks, (b) 38–39 gestational weeks, (c) 1–2 days after birth, and (d) 4–5 days after birth. The inclusion criterion was low‐risk primiparous women who were planning to have vaginal delivery. We used Stein's MB scale to evaluate postpartum data and a visual analog scale to examine “postpartum fatigue”. We determined the association between the MB/fatigue scores and the changes in the OT levels by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.ResultsThere were 29 women who delivered with epidural anesthesia and 29 women who did not. A significantly higher mean salivary OT level was observed in the women with epidural anesthesia at 1–2 days after birth than at 36–37 gestational weeks. The mean OT level at 4–5 days postpartum was significantly lower than that at 1–2 days postpartum. The correlation of the MB score with the salivary OT level at 4–5 days postpartum was ρ = −0.33, p = .01.ConclusionsEarly postpartum OT level decreased with epidural anesthesia and showed a negative correlation with postpartum MB and fatigue. Healthcare providers should recognize that women who had epidural anesthesia need specific supportive care.
Ultrasonic manifestations and clinical analysis of 25 uterine rupture cases
Authors: Xiao Juhua , Zhang Chao , Zhang Yun , Zhao Fei , Yang Jiale , Li Gang , Zhou Xin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeTo explore the risk factors, ultrasonic manifestations, clinical features, and maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with complete uterine rupture.Basic proceduresAll cases of complete uterine rupture diagnosed and treated in Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2012 to July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Risk factors, ultrasonic manifestations, clinical features, and maternal and infant outcomes were analyzed.ResultAll patients had a history of uterine surgery or induced abortion. Ultrasound examination revealed 15 cases of complete rupture of the uterus, five cases of missed diagnosis, three cases of misdiagnosis, and two cases of direct emergency operation without ultrasonography because of typical clinical manifestations and critical conditions. The clinical manifestations of 25 cases of uterine rupture varied from asymptomatic to clinical signs of “resting” rupture of the uterus to severe pain, hypotension, shock, and coma. All patients underwent surgical treatment, of which one case underwent DIC and died after rescue. The maternal mortality rate was 4% (1/25), the mortality rate of newborns (two pregnant women was twins) was 44% (12/27).ConclusionA history of uterine surgery is a major risk factor for uterine rupture. Attention should be paid not only to women who are pregnant again after cesarean section but also to those who have undergone other uterine operations (such as laparoscopic myomectomy, laparoscopic cornual pregnancy removal, etc.), delivery plans should be formulated accordingly. In cases of sudden abdominal pain during pregnancy or childbirth, the possibility of uterine rupture should be considered to achieve a timely and correct diagnosis and treatment.
Taxing multinationals: The scope for enforcement cooperation
Authors: Hindriks Jean , Nishimura Yukihiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPolicymakers seeking to raise more tax revenues from multinational enterprises have two alternatives: to raise tax rates or to devote more resources to improve tax compliance. Tougher tax enforcement increases the cost of profit shifting, and thus mitigates tax competition. We present a tax‐competition model with two policy instruments (the corporate tax rate and the tightness of tax enforcement). In line with the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development's Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project, we analyze the scope for enforcement cooperation among asymmetric countries, considering that taxes are set noncooperatively. We show that the low‐tax country may fail to cooperate if asymmetry is large enough and that tax havens would never agree to cooperate. Then we identify two drivers for enforcement cooperation. The first driver of cooperation is the complementarity of enforcement actions across countries. This is because the efficiency loss from enforcement dispersion is greater under complementarity. The second driver of cooperation is tax leadership by the high‐tax country, which acts as a level‐playing field in the tax competition and reduces the extent of disagreement on enforcement.