bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Het voorzitterschap van Kamer en Senaat in België (1918-1974) : Van parlementaire autonomie naar partijdige afhankelijkheid
Authors: Gerard Emmanuel 
Published: July 2021

This article analyses the election of the Speakers of both houses of the Belgian parliament, the House of Representatives and the Senate, in the period 1918-1974. According to the Belgian constitution, the election of the Speaker is a competence of each house. As can be expected in a system of parliamentary government, the Speakers belong to the government majority, as they did already before 1914. But with the disappearance of a homogeneous majority and the need for cabinet coalitions after 1918 - result of the proportional representation - someeffects which tended to erode parliamentary autonomy more substantially occurred. At several occasions the election of the Speakers was postponed until the result of cabinet formation was known. In addition, the coalition parties had to make an agreement for the partition of the two Speakers' positions. The coalition practice also affected procedure. Since agreements were less easily implemented in a secret ballot, the provisions of the parliamentary statute were put aside for an election by acclamation to strengthen party discipline. In this context a further shift in the election process occurs: from the parliamentary groups to the party leadership. Eventually, the appointment of the Speakers becamepart of the cabinet formation itself. This practice appears to be firmly established in the 1970' and has been criticized severely. It can be considered one aspect of the decline of parliaments in this period.
Leven en werk van de kabinetsleden : Wie zijn de mannen achter de minister en wat doen ze?
Authors: Suetens Mik , Walgraeve Stefaan 
Published: July 2021

For many journalists, politicians and political scientists ministerial cabinets in Belgium equal political power. Moreover they argue that this power is, if not illegitimate, at least problematic, and so ministerial cabinets have become one of the most criticised institutions in the Belgian political system. Yet, the lack of empirical data on this controversial topic is striking, certainly when compared to the vast academic attention given to other political agents. There is an urgent need for empirical substance to the debate. This incited us to set up an extensive political-sociological study on the Belgian and Flemish ministerial cabinets.In this article we present the first stage of our study: a classic insight in the (socio-demographic) composition of ministerial cabinets and - to a lesser extent - in the work environment offered by ministerial cabinets of the former government (1995-1999). A first descriptive analysis seems to underpin the commonly held idea of cabinets as networking, loyal, and flexible brain trusts.
Het Parlement op het einde van de twintigste eeuw : Mogelijkheden en begrenzingen
Authors: Swaelen Frank 
Published: July 2021

The Belgian constitutional system is based upon the classic principle of the trias politica, which means that there is a separation of powers, but also a balanced cooperation between them. This article focuses on the Belgian federal Parliament, which bas been, together with the reform of the state from a unitary to a federal state, radically reformed.The Belgian Parliament nowadays is much better equipped to fulfil the function of checks and balances than thirty years ago. The number of staff and the material equipment has increased considerably. At the same time, the emphasis in parliamentary activity bas shifted from the plenary session to the committees. The control upon the budget was long time a nearly empty box. Since the reform of 1989, it has become a much stronger instrument to hold the government to account. The annual debate on the budget is rather a genera/political evaluation of the government policy and is always ended by a vote of confidence.As for the law-making function, the share of the government in adopted laws is much higher than that of Parliament. Parliament bas still the power to amend government bills, but this power is limited because there is often already an agreement between the government and the parliamentary party of the coalition-parties. Nevertheless, several important amendments have been adopted in the last legislature.The control function bas evolved in different directions. Due to an enormous increase in the number of interpellations, they have lost a great part of their importance. They constitute no langer a real threaten to the survival of the government. On the other hand, there are more oral and written questions than before and the use of parliamentary inquiry committees has augmented considerably. Despite their inherent shortages, these committees play, an important role in preparing and correcting policy.The new challenges for Parliament in the future are serving as forum of the nation and the evaluation of laws. The core business of the trias politica, namely budgetary, law-making and controlling duties, also remain to befulfilled by Parliament.
Tevredenheid over het lokaal beleid in Gent
Authors: Devos Carl , Reynaert Herwig , Verlet Dries 
Published: July 2021

According to the new public management, the interaction between (local) governments and their citizens should be "client oriented". It is considered crucial for (local) policy-makers that they know how citizens perceive the policy process, that they know if citizens are satisfied with policy outcomes.Our empirical study deals with the satisfaction with global local policy. We examine the main determinants of satisfaction with global local policy. This study is based on a face-to-face survey among citizens entitled to vote in Ghent. More than 1500 respondents, spread over 2 surveys, took part in our research. Attention is also paid to the satisfaction with more specific aspects of local policy. We linked the voter's satisfaction with the global local policy to a wide range of traditional and less traditional independent variables. Finally, we discuss the satisfaction of the electorate of the different political parties.
Het gebruik van de voorkeurstem bij de regionale en Europese parlementsverkiezingen van 13 juni 2004
Authors: Wauters Bram , Weekers Karolien , Pilet Jean-Benoît 
Published: July 2021

On 13 June 2003, elections for both the regional parliaments and the European Parliament were held in Belgium.The percentage of voters casting a preferential vote increased when compared with the previous regional and European elections of 1999, reaching scores clearly higher than 60%. The new electoral laws are one explanation for this increase, together with societal evolutions, such as individualism, anti-party feelings, personalization of polities and the appearance of cartels. In comparison with the federal elections of 2003 however, there was a decrease in prererential voting, due to lower campaign expenditures and to the success of parties that traditionally do not attract many preferential votes. Voters can also cast a vote for several candidates figuring on the same party list, which is contrary to the past done quite frequently now. Finally, more candidates than ever succeeded in becoming elected out oî the order of the party list.
Voltooid verleden tijd ? : Het verband tussen kennis over de nazi-genocide en democratische attitudes bij adolescenten in Brussel
Authors: Kavadias Dimo 
Published: July 2021

Schools are expected to educate children into democratic citizens by providing "civics" or history courses. lt is believed that the formal curriculum affects the amount of cognition of each pupil, which - in its turn - would influence the civic competencies and social attitudes. This supposition is explicitly stated in 'holocaust-education 'programs and in 'civics'-courses. Accordingly, knowledge on the nazi-attrocities would stimulate tolerance, and by this way counter prejudice.The current contribution tests this supposition on survey-data (2002) from 773 Frenchspeakin g and 469 Flemish-speaking last-grade pupils from secondary schools in the Brussels-Capital Region. The survey probed for knowledge on the nazi-genocide and attitudescales (ethnocentrism and anti-democracy). The supposition about the connection between knowledge and tollerance, holds partially for the Flemish, but not for the French-speaking sample. Knowledge may be a necessary, but is certainly nota sufficient condition to foster tolerance.
Nuevo récord de Trametes hirsuta (Wulfen) Lloyd (Basidiomycota) en Refugio de Vida Silvestre Laguna Mallén, San Pedro de Macorís-República Dominicana
Authors: Jaime De Aza Mayeli , De la Rosa José Guillermo , Santos Báez Héctor Julio 
Published: July 2021

Se reporta por primera vez la especie Trametes hirsuta sobre tronco de Hura crepitans L., en el Refugio de Vida Silvestre Laguna Mallén. T. hirsuta es un hongo fitopatógeno del orden de los polyporales que causa pudrición blanca en madera. Su carpóforo es de color blanquecino a pardoamarillento, con un margen de tonalidad marrón. Son productores de lacasas y degradadores de lignina. Se asientan sobre madera de angiospermas.
Pruebas no paramétricas para determinar la aleatoriedad de los datos en procesos productivos y procedimientos para calcular estadísticas en pareja
Authors: Flores Tapia Carlos Ernesto , Flores Cevallo Karla Lissette 
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se aplican pruebas de tipo no paramétrico para determinar la aleatoriedad de los datos muestrales provenientes del registro de producción de la empresa objeto de estudio, ubicada en la ciudad de Ambato, Ecuador. Estas corridas permiten la identificación de tendencias, irregularidades y agrupaciones en los datos, siendo tales patrones indicativos con respecto a si las variaciones se deben a causas especiales o causas comunes, afectando el control o no del proceso empresarial estudiado, evidenciándose su contribución a la toma de decisiones institucionales. Se aplican también tres técnicas para calcular estadísticas en pareja, destacándose la prueba de promedio de pareja, diferencias de pareja y pendientes en pareja. Lo que demuestra, que tanto las pruebas no paramétricas de corridas de datos como las estadísticas de pareja resultan útiles para contrastar hipótesis, más aún, si estas pruebas se apoyan en herramientas informáticas especializadas que agilitan los tiempos de procesamiento y ahorran costos significativos a las organizaciones, particularmente en escenarios complejos como el generado por la actual crisis del COVID-19.
Demandas estructurales inducidas por vientos huracanados y terremotos en un edificio flexible en la República Dominicana
Authors: Erazo Kalil , Taveras Adela 
Published: July 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un análisis comparativo de las demandas estructurales inducidas por vientos huracanados y terremotos en un edificio flexible diseñado para la ciudad de Santo Domingo en la República Dominicana. La estructura consiste en un edificio de 33 niveles con periodos fundamentales de vibración mayores de 3 segundos en las dos principales direcciones ortogonales, por lo que se considera un edificio flexible. El edificio fue inicialmente diseñado para cumplir con los requerimientos de la normativa vigente para efectos inducidos por terremotos (R-001) sin tomar en consideración los efectos inducidos por vientos huracanados; subsecuentemente, las demandas inducidas por viento fueron estimadas usando el procedimiento direccional del ASCE 07-10, utilizando como base la velocidad de diseño en recientes mapas de amenaza de viento desarrollados para la región del Caribe. Los resultados muestran que para la estructura analizada los efectos de vientos son significativamente mayores a los efectos sísmicos, lo que evidencia la urgencia de actualizar la actual normativa que define las cargas mínimas de diseño por viento de la República Dominicana. La justificación de dicha urgencia es el auge en la construcción de estructuras flexibles (principalmente edificios esbeltos) cuyo comportamiento tiende a ser dominado por efectos inducidos por viento, en especial en regiones de alta recurrencia de huracanes. Las demandas estructurales comparadas incluyen desplazamientos laterales, derivas de entrepiso, cortante basal y momento de vuelco.
Protocolos y topologías utilizadas en los sistemas de comunicación de las microrredes eléctricas
Authors: Aybar Mejía Miguel , Arias Martijena Alejandro , Castillo Ruíz Alexis Alexander , Roa Arias Ángel Isaac , Bidó Cuello Ezequías , García Maimó Javier , Mariano-Hernández Deyslen 
Published: July 2021

Las microrredes son sistemas de potencia de baja tensión, que pueden operar en modo aislado o con conexión a la red eléctrica. Estos sistemas cuentan con fuentes de generación distribuida, sistemas de almacenamiento, cargas distribuidas, sistemas de comunicación y sistemas de monitoreo y control. Los sistemas de comunicación implementados en las microrredes son un área de estudio de gran importancia, debido a que para asegurar la continuidad y calidad del servicio eléctrico es necesario que la información de los sistemas se transmita de manera confiable y rápida. Por esta razón se utilizan diferentes topologías de red y protocolos de comunicación, los cuales tienen distintas ventajas dependiendo su aplicación. Este artículo presenta una revisión de literatura sobre las topologías de red y los protocolos de comunicación utilizados en las microrredes, ventajas y desventajas para cada aplicación, así como los protocolos utilizados por las entidades del sector eléctrico de la República Dominicana.
Efectividad del test de sangre oculta en heces por inmunohistoquímica para el tamizaje de lesiones colónicas: serie de casos
Authors: Bayona Lucía , Acra-Tolari Ricardo , Mendoza Valiente Carla , Estrella Vargas Michelle 
Published: July 2021

Introducción: el cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es el tercer cáncer con mayor incidencia en hombres y en mujeres en la República Dominicana. Se ha encontrado una elevada incidencia entre la presencia sangre oculta en heces (SOH) y la expresión de CCR, al igual que para la de pólipos colorrectales. El propósito de este estudio fue identificar datos tangibles que demostraran el uso de esta prueba como herramienta costo-efectiva capaz de detectar lesiones premalignas de CCR.
Metodología: se realizó un estudio observacional-descriptivo, serie de casos, dentro del Hospital General Plaza de la Salud, donde se analizaron pacientes con una prueba de sangre oculta en heces por inmunohistoquímica positiva (SOHi), que luego se realizaron una colonoscopia dentro del periodo de enero 2016 a febrero 2020.
Resultados: se encontraron 378 con pruebas de SOHi positivas, que luego se realizaron colonoscopia, de estos, 90 no presentaron hallazgos patológicos, 128 presentaron pólipos y 160 pacientes presentaron otros tipos de hallazgos patológicos en las colonoscopias.
Conclusión: la prueba de SOHi representa una herramienta costo-efectiva para la detección temprana y prevención de lesiones colorrectales malignas, y recomendamos su uso dentro del tamizaje temprano del cáncer colorrectal.
Índice cintura-talla e índice de masa corporal como predictores de riesgo cardiometabólico en niños y adolescentes
Authors: Matos Imbert Ángela M. , Blanco Jiménez Jairo , Rodríguez Xiomara , De La Mota Carina , Fernández Genao Alina , Acevedo Rodríguez Noemí , Rochits Cueto Haydee , Reynoso Rosario Joan M. , Jiménez Azcona Michelle M , Ortiz Hernandez Isi Y. 
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: comparar la utilidad del índice cintura-talla y el índice de masa corporal para detectar factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos en niños de 5-18 años, atendidos en la consulta externa del Hospital Infantil Regional Universitario Doctor Arturo Grullón en el período octubre-diciembre del año 2016.
Método: se realizó un estudio observacional, comparativo, de corte transversal y fuente primaria, con una muestra de 118 pacientes. Se midieron las variables sociodemográficas (edad y sexo), antropométricas (peso, talla, IMC, ICT, PC, TA), y laboratorios (glicemia, ALT, colesterol, triglicéridos, HDL, LDL). Para el análisis cuantitativo se calculó el promedio y la desviación estándar, para el análisis cualitativo se utilizó la prueba estadística chi-cuadrado.
Resultados: tanto el ICT como el IMC detectan de manera similar las alteraciones de la presión arterial sistólica (ICT=15.9 %, IMC=15 %), diastólica (ICT=20.4 %, IMC= 21.8 %), obesidad (ICT=69.5 %, IMC=73.7 %), HDL (ICT=6.8 %, IMC=5.6 %). En relación a la evaluación de la obesidad ambos índices arrojaron resultados afines, 69.5 % para ICT y 73.7 % el IMC. En la valoración de los niveles altos de ALT se obtuvieron resultados similares, presentando el ICT un 8.1 % y el IMC un 8.9 %.
Conclusión: se demostró que tanto el ICT como el IMC son buenos predictores de factores de riesgos cardiometabólicos.
Descripción del riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 en República Dominicana
Authors: Martínez Anthony Gutiérrez , Vásquez Moisés , Ferreras Robin , Canto Ivonne , Calderón Katherine 
Published: July 2021

Introducción: la diabetes tipo 1 es una enfermedad crónica de alto impacto económico con gran capacidad de ser controlada, la misma no tiene ninguna descripción local previa. Su principal causa de mortalidad es los eventos cardiovasculares y el manejo adecuado la disminuye considerablemente.
Objetivo: determinar el riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes adultos con diabetes tipo 1 en la ciudad de Santiago de los Caballeros, República Dominicana.
Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal multicéntrico con 39 pacientes en el período de junio a noviembre de 2019. La calculadora “Steno T1 Risk Engine” se utilizó para estimar el riesgo cardiovascular.
Resultados: se obtuvo una relación significativa entre la albuminuria (p = 0.0127), presión arterial sistólica (p = 0.0002), tiempo de diagnóstico (p = 0.0037) y nivel de riesgo cardiovascular. La hemoglobina glucosilada (p = 0,7884) y la actividad física (p = 0.706) no mostraron una relación significativa con el riesgo cardiovascular.
Conclusión: el nivel de riesgo cardiovascular promedio es bajo, con probabilidades <10 % de un evento cardiovascular agudo dentro de los 10 años. Esta herramienta permite incluir una evaluación cardiovascular rutinaria con datos que perfilen el tratamiento orientado a disminuir complicaciones vasculares, mortalidad y aumentar adherencia al tratamiento.
Intumescent structural curve-following fire protection of civil structures and cable lines
Authors: Gravit M. V. , Prusakov V. A. , Korotin I. G. , Timofeev N. S. , Simonenko Ya. B. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The authors claim to have originally invented and introduced structural curve-following intumescent fire protection not only for cabling, but also for civil structures of investment construction projects (also those of buildings and facilities of the oil&gas complex since the operation of the structures is possible also in the maritime and the Arctic climate areas). The fire-protection is roll material with structural reinforcement capable of 3D-swelling at a thermal shock.Statement of method. Tests have been conducted of retained operability of a cable line in a fire (as per GOST R 533162009) and of the fire-protection efficiency for a cable (as per GOST R 53311–2009). A magnitude 9 seismic impact as per MSK-64 was modeled. To determine the fir-resistance ratings, the fire-protection net was wrapped around columns and beams, as per GOST 30247.1–1994. A check of the fire-protection efficiency of the net (as per GOST 53295–2009) and a thermal analysis of the coating (as per GOST R 53293–2009) were executed.Results and discussion. In the course of the standard tests, the following fire-protection net parameters were obtained: fire-protection efficiency — 15, 45 and 60 min; fire-resistance ratings of structures (beam) with the fire-protection net R15, R45 and R60; seismic resistance at least magnitude 9 as per MSK; category 1 as per GOST 15150–69 (HL, UHL, Т, ОМ climate designs, open grounds in the specified macro-climatic areas), allowing for retained operation properties of the fire-protection net in Arctic climate within at least 10 years; possibility of dry installation within a temperature range –60...90 °С at 100 % humidity.Conclusions. A range of intumescent structural curve-following fire-protection materials for different civil structures (also for light thin-wall steel structures (LTWSS)) and cable lines in form of a frost- and oil-resistant polymer compound on non-flammable net base has been developed, certified and launched into serial manufacturing.
On a more precise assessment of coordinates of the seat of fire in the premises
Authors: Tanklevskiy L. T. , Babikov I. A. , Tarantsev A. A. , Zybina O. A. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The problem of quick identification of fire coordinates in the premises is particularly relevant electrical activation. A number of authors focus on this problem, in particular, they analyze the method of graphic and analytic positioning (хо, уо) of the fire seat in the premises.Theoretical part. The method developed by the authors makes it possible to identify the coordinates of a fire by reading N values of temperature sensors. The method has the following features: a) it is based on the fire model obtained by R. Alpert for premises, and shows that it is necessary to take into account not just the temperature read by temperature sensors, but the value of this temperature in third power;b) it allows you to determine the coordinates of the seat of fire, not only by the increase in temperature, but also by the speed of its growth, and the result in both cases will be almost the same and independent of either the height of the premises, or time, or the form of fire.Computer experiment. To verify the obtained expression, a computer experiment was carried out using the example of a warehouse. For two A and B fire variants using R. Alpert model and the specified coordinates of the fronts, using a specially developed computer program, the dynamics of temperature increase ΔTi (t) and the rate of its change were simulated.Full-Scale experiment. The paper presents the results of a full-scale experiment in which data from 16 thermocouples showing the spread of the thermal field of fire were registered. Using this data in the computer program it was possible to set the coordinates of the fire that corresponded to the real location of the seat of fire.Conclusions. On the basis of the obtained expression it is possible to set quickly, with acceptable reliability, the coordinates of the seat of fire, which allows to forcefully activate one, two or three sprinklers that are able to fight the fire at the earliest stage with the minimum flow of fire extinguishing agent.