bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of androgen receptor gene CAG repeat length polymorphism in pubertal gynecomastia
Authors: Düzçeker Yasemin , Pehlivantürk-Kızılkan Melis , Akgül Sinem , Özgül Rıza Köksal , Kanbur Nuray , Derman Orhan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Androgen receptor gene CAG repeat, AR (CAG)n, polymorphism is thought to have an effect on male reproductive functions and a relationship between long AR (CAG)n and decreased androgenic activity has been shown. Therefore, we hypothesized that in adolescents with long AR CAG repeat the prevalence of pubertal gynecomastia (PG) will be higher and we aimed to investigate the association between AR (CAG)n polymorphism and PG in Turkish adolescents.

Methods
Adolescents with PG between 11 and 19 years of age were enrolled as the study group and healthy individuals without a history of PG, who were at least 14 years of age and Tanner 4 or 5 were enrolled as the control group. The AR (CAG)n length was detected by direct DNA sequencing analysis and reproductive hormones were measured by standardized analyses.

Results
The mean AR (CAG)n was 22.3 ± 2.6 (mean ± SD) in the PG group (n=101) and 21.9 ± 3.1 (mean ± SD) in the control group (n=88) (p=0.276). The adolescents with short AR (CAG)n had lower body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI SDS) compared to the adolescents with intermediate and long repeat numbers (p=0.029).

Conclusions
The results of this study showed a lack of direct association between AR (CAG)n and PG. However, the significant relationship between the AR (CAG)n quartiles and BMI SDS suggests that long AR (CAG)n might cause PG indirectly. Further studies are needed to better clarify this relationship.
A single-centre study of genetic mutations, audiology, echocardiogram and pulmonary function in Saudi children with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Ahmad Noman , Aleysae Nabil Abdulrahman , Sobaihi MrougeMohamed , Naitah NisreenAbdulaziz , Rasol Mohammed Amin , Al-Kouatli Amjad Adnan , Almaghamsi Talal Mohammad , Heaphy Emily Lenore Goldman , Attiyah Meshal Hassan , Hrays MaymoonaAbdelmouz , Alghamdi Balgees , Alzahrani Ali Saeed 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous group of inherited connective tissue disorders, characterised by skeletal fragility. Patients with OI may also exhibit extra-skeletal features like blue or grey scleral colour, fragile skin, easy bruising, joint laxity, short stature, deafness, cardiac valve abnormalities and abnormal pulmonary function. The objective of this study is to describe genetic mutations, prevalence of hearing issues, cardiac complications and impaired pulmonary function in children with OI.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study of 23 Saudi children aged 6 months to 18 years who were diagnosed with OI. The revised Sillence classification (2,105) was used to classify the OI type. Whole exome sequencing was performed for genetic mutations. The hearing was assessed by either pure-tone audiometry and/or otoacoustic emission testing. Cardiac defects were screened by echocardiograms. Spirometry was performed to assess pulmonary function. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics.ResultsBased on the Sillence classification, 16 patients had OI type III, 6 had type IV and 1 had type I. Of the18 patients who had genetic sequencing, 66.6% had autosomal dominant and 33.3% had autosomal recessive mutations. Among children who had screening, hearing loss was diagnosed in 53% (9/17), congenital cardiac malformations in 26% (5/19) and restrictive lung disease in 70% (7/10).ConclusionsWe found significant extra-skeletal features and a high yield of genetic mutations associated with OI. We suggest further studies to develop a screening protocol for extra-skeletal features in children with OI.
Weight management in youth with rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysregulation, hypoventilation, autonomic dysregulation, and neural crest tumor (ROHHAD-NET): literature search and case report
Authors: Marpuri Ian , Ra Esther , Naguib Monica N. , Vidmar Alaina P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, autonomic dysregulation, and neural endocrine tumor (ROHHAD-NET) syndrome is a youth-onset constellation of symptoms including rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation. Despite growing understanding of the clinical classification of this syndrome there is limited investigation into treatment of the rapid-onset obesity which can be progressive and life-limiting. The purpose of this case report is to describe the clinical timeline and treatment of severe obesity in a patient with of ROHHAD-NET and propose recommendations for the treatment of associated obesity.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 10-year-old female with a clinical presentation consistent with ROHHAD-NET who achieved clinically meaningful weight loss with a combination of lifestyle modification and anti-obesity pharmacotherapies. We report on the use of three separate pharmacological agents and ultimately the referral for bariatric surgery.

Conclusions
Given that early-onset obesity and hypoventilation are life-limiting components of this condition, early recognition and treatment are essential to improve health outcomes.
Evaluation of the phenolic compounds and the antioxidant potentials of Vitex agnus-castus L. leaves and fruits
Authors: Kımna Ceren , Fafal Tuğçe 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In this study, we aim at deciphering the phenolic content of Vitex agnus-castus L. leaf and fruit extracts prepared with different methods and relate it to their antioxidant activity.

Methods
In this study, phenolic compounds and the antioxidant potential of the ethanol fruit and leaf extracts of V. agnus-castus L. (Chaste tree) were evaluated spectrometrically. Furthermore, selected polyphenols, i.e., chlorogenic acid and rutin, were determined by the HPLC-DAD method qualitatively and quantitatively.

Results
The results obtained from leaf and fruit extracts were compared with a commercial product (CP) containing the fruit extract of V. agnus-castus. Leaf extract was found to be richer in flavonoids when compared to the fruit counterparts. Accordingly, they also showed higher antioxidant activity.

Conclusions
Extracts prepared here can be considered as promising antioxidant agents for future therapeutic formulations.
Contextual Factors Influencing Physical Activity and Technical Performance in Australian Football League Women's Competition Match-Play
Authors: Leabeater Alana J. , Coutts Aaron J. , Clarke Anthea C. , Sullivan Courtney J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Leabeater, A, Clarke, A, and Sullivan, C. Contextual factors influencing physical activity and technical performance in AFLW competition match-play. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 194–199, 2023—The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of contextual factors on physical activity and technical match performance during Australian Football League Women's (AFLW) competition match-play. The study was of a retrospective longitudinal design and used physical activity and technical data collected from female Australian Football players (n = 49) from 1 team during 23 AFLW competition games over 3 seasons. A three-level linear mixed model was constructed to investigate the influence of different contextual factors (match-related variables) on relative total distance (TD), relative high-speed running (HSR) distance, and ranking points during AFLW match-play. The results showed that from season 1 to season 3, relative TD increased by 2.0 m·min−1 (ES: 0.06 [−0.04 to 0.16], p < 0.05) and relative HSR increased by 4.1 m·min−1 (ES: 0.22 [0.14–0.31], p < 0.001). Interstate matches were associated with a reduction of 5.1 m·min−1 per match in TD (ES: −0.21 [−0.30 to −0.12], p < 0.001) and 2.5 m·min−1 in HSR distance (ES: −0.22 [−0.31 to −0.13], p < 0.001). Total disposals were associated with a 0.23 m·minute−1 reduction in HSR for that player (ES: −0.13 [−0.22 to 0.04], p < 0.01). Match margin was the only contextual factor to influence ranking points/min (0.007 AU·min−1, ES: 0.30 [0.21–0.38], p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study shows that player physical activity may be reduced during interstate AFLW matches; the average HSR has increased since the start of the AFLW competition and may reflect increasing match activity profiles, and players have a greater rate of accumulation of ranking points when the score difference is greater.
The Effects of 3 vs. 5 Days of Training Cessation on Maximal Strength
Authors: Travis S. Kyle , Mujika Iñigo , Zwetsloot Kevin A. , Gentles Jeremy A. , Stone Michael H. , Bazyler Caleb D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Travis, SK, Mujika, I, Zwetsloot, KA, Gentles, JA, Stone, MH, and Bazyler, CD. The effects of 3 vs. 5 days of training cessation on maximal strength. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 633–640, 2022—The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 3 vs. 5 days of training cessation on body composition, perceived recovery and stress state, and maximal strength. Nineteen strength-trained athletes (23.8 ± 4.1 year; 90.8 ± 20.7 kg; 174.2 ± 7.3 cm) completed a powerlifting specific 4-week training block followed by either 3 or 5 days of training cessation. During the 4-week training block, athletes were trained 3 days per week, performing 3–4 movements that included at least 2–3 competition lifts per session while performing 4–5 sets of 3–5 repetitions with intensity ranging from 75 to 100% 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Body composition, psychometric measures, upper-body maximal strength, and lower-body maximal strength were assessed before (T1) and after 4 weeks of training (T2) and at 3 or 5 days of training cessation (T3). The alpha level was set at p < 0.05. After the 4-week training block (T1 to T2), trivial significant increases in body mass (p = 0.016, Hedge's g = 0.04) and bench press 1RM (p = 0.01, g = 0.16) were observed, as well as small significant increases in back squat 1RM (p < 0.001, g = 0.23), deadlift 1RM (p = 0.003, g = 0.20), powerlifting total (p < 0.001, g = 0.21), and Wilks Score (p < 0.001, g = 0.27). There were no significant differences between groups for isometric back squat performance, psychometric measures, and body composition after training cessation (T2–T3). However, small significant decreases in isometric bench press performance were observed after 5 days (p < 0.001, g = 0.16), but not 3 days of training cessation. The results of this study suggest maximal lower-body strength can be preserved during 3 and 5 days of training cessation, but maximal upper-body strength is only preserved for 3 days after 4 weeks of strength training in athletes.
Velocity-Specific Coactivation and Neuromuscular Responses to Fatiguing, Reciprocal, Isokinetic, Forearm Flexion, and Extension Muscle Actions
Authors: Neltner Tyler J. , Anders John Paul V. , Keller Joshua L. , Smith Robert W. , Housh Terry J. , Schmidt Richard J. , Johnson Glen O. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Neltner, TJ, Anders, JPV, Keller, JL, Smith, RW, Housh, TJ, Schmidt, RJ, and Johnson, GO. Velocity-specific coactivation and neuromuscular responses to fatiguing, reciprocal, isokinetic, forearm flexion, and extension muscle actions. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 649–660, 2022—The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of fatiguing, reciprocal, maximal, isokinetic, forearm flexion, and extension on coactivation. Ten recreationally trained women (mean ± SD: age = 21 ± 1.63 years) performed 50 maximal, reciprocal, isokinetic, forearm flexion, and extension muscle actions at 60 and 180°·s−1 on separate days. Electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) signals from the biceps brachii (BB) and triceps brachii (TB) were recorded. A 2 (time) × 2 (velocity) × 2 (movement) and 4 separate 2 (time) × 2 (velocity) × 2 (muscle) × 2 (movement) repeated-measures analysis of variances were used to examine normalized torque and normalized EMG and MMG amplitude (AMP) and mean power frequency, respectively, with an alpha of p < 0.05. There were no significant interactions for torque but a main effect for time (p < 0.001, d = 3.29) such that it decreased. There was a significant four-way interaction for EMG AMP (p = 0.004,

= 0.61) which revealed parallel responses between the BB and TB during both movements, with no changes at 60°·s−1 and increases at 180°·s−1. The current findings suggested a common drive between agonist and antagonist muscles during fatiguing forearm flexion and extension muscle actions, with velocity-specific activation strategies. In addition, both EMG and MMG are viable techniques for assessing coactivation during fatiguing exercise.
Hip Abductor Power and Velocity: Reliability and Association With Physical Function
Authors: Lanza Marcel B. , Kang Jin H. , Karl Hayley , Myers Jacob , Ryan Erin , Gray Vicki L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lanza, MB, Jin, KH, Karl, H, Myers, J, Ryan, E, and Gray, VL. Hip abductor power and velocity: reliability and association with physical function. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 284–290, 2023—Muscle power, defined as the ability of the muscle to produce torque quickly, has received little attention and may be critical for understanding physical function and performance. Hip abductors' capacity to produce power through both torque and velocity is important for different human activities; hence, a reliable assessment of hip abduction is critical. The first aim of the study was to assess the intersession reliability of hip abductor muscles maximal torque and submaximal power and power during standing hip abduction in young adults using pneumatic resistance. A secondary aim was to investigate whether there was a relationship between hip abductor maximal torque and submaximal power and velocity with clinical assessments of strength and power in young adults. The subjects (n = 24; 26.0 ± 3.7 years) visited the laboratory 2 times. In the first visit, the subjects performed on a pneumatic resistance machine 1-repetition maximum (1RM) and submaximal tests (40, 60, and 70% of 1RM) of the hip abductors and clinical tests of lower-extremity strength and power (The 30-second chair stand test [30CST]; and stair climb power test). During the second visit, all tests were repeated except the clinical tests. One-repetition maximum torque and submaximal power and velocity (at all levels) had excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.943) with absolute reliability of 13.5% up to 28.3%. The agreement between days from Bland-Altman plots for power and velocity was near 0 for all levels. Hip abduction velocity had a significant positive correlation with 30CST at 60% (r = 0.416; p = 0.048) and 70% of 1RM (r = 0.442; p = 0.035). In conclusion, we showed an excellent intersession reliability of the hip abductor muscles 1RM torque and submaximal power and velocity using pneumatic resistance. Furthermore, we demonstrated that hip abduction velocity might be important for the performance of the 30CST.
Slowing the Path of Time: Age-Related and Normative Fitness Testing Data for Police Officers From a Health and Wellness Program
Authors: Lockie Robert G. , Orr Robin M. , Dawes J. Jay 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lockie, RG, Orr, RM, and Dawes, JJ. Slowing the path of time: Age-related and normative fitness testing data for police officers from a health and wellness program. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 747–756, 2022—This study investigated the effects of age on the fitness of police officers participating in a health and wellness program. Normative percentile rank data were also produced for each fitness test for each year, considering age and sex. Archival data from 2018 (170 men and 39 women) and 2019 (194 men and 44 women) were analyzed. Data included estimated maximal aerobic capacity (V̇o
2max), sit and reach, push-ups, vertical jump (VJ), grip strength, sit-ups, and bench press ratio. The officers in each year were grouped by age: 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, and 50+ years. A univariate analysis of covariance with Bonferroni’s post hoc adjustment determined significant between-group differences. In 2018, the 40–49 and 50+ groups had a lower V̇o
2max, lesser sit and reach, VJ, and grip strength, and completed fewer push-ups and sit-ups than the younger groups (p ≤ 0.027). In 2019, the 40–49 and 50+ groups had a lower V̇o
2max, lesser sit and reach, VJ, grip strength, and bench press ratio, and completed fewer push-ups than the younger groups (p ≤ 0.034). There were no significant differences between the 20–29 and 30–39 groups. The percentile ranks demonstrated that except for sit and reach, most female officers were placed in the 0–19% ranks. Even for officers participating in a health and wellness program, those 40+ years old tended to have lesser fitness than younger officers. Older officers may have transitioned into roles requiring less physical activity, so should be encouraged to participate in health and wellness programs. The percentile ranks provide comparative data for practitioners and reinforce the need for female and older officers to complete specific fitness training.
Focus of Attention During ACL Injury Prevention Exercises Affects Improvements in Jump-Landing Kinematics in Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dalvandpour Nazanin , Zareei Mostafa , Abbasi Hamed , Abdoli Behrouz , Mohammadian Mohammad A. , Rommers Nikki , Rössler Roland 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dalvandpour, N, Zareei, M, Abbasi, H, Abdoli, B, Mohammadian, MA, Rommers, N, and Rössler, R. Focus of attention during ACL injury prevention exercises affects improvements in jump-landing kinematics in soccer players: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 337–342, 2023—Anterior cruciate ligament tears are severe and complex knee injuries that commonly occur in soccer. Prevent injuries enhance performance (PEP) is an exercise-based prevention program to effectively reduce anterior cruciate ligament injuries. It is, however, unclear how the delivery of the program contributes to its effectiveness. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of the focus of attention that was emphasized during the delivery of the PEP program on jump-landing kinematics in male, elite-level, U21 soccer players. Forty-two players participated in this randomized controlled trial and were allocated to (a) the internal focus of attention (IF) group, receiving instructions focusing on the execution of the exercise (b), the external focus of attention (EF) group, receiving instructions focusing on the outcome of the exercise, or (c) the control group. Before and after the 8-week intervention, players performed a jump-landing task during which we measured hip and knee angles at the initial contact, peak knee flexion, and peak vertical ground reaction force using a 3-dimensional motion analyzer. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare groups over time. Significant time-by-group interaction effects with large effect sizes were found for hip flexion at all moments (p < 0.032; η2 > 0.15) and for the knee flexion angle at initial contact and maximum knee flexion (p < 0.001; η2 > 0.35), all in favor of the EF group. This shows that EF during PEP improves hip and knee joint kinematics in the sagittal plane more than IF. Therefore, EF during PEP instructions is preferred to increase the effectiveness of this injury prevention program.
Validity of Session Rating of Perceived Exertion for Measuring Training Load in Youth Team Handball Players
Authors: Pedersen Alex , Randers Morten B. , Luteberget Live S. , Møller Merete 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Pedersen, A, Randers, MB, Luteberget, LS, and Møller, M. Validity of session rating of perceived exertion for measuring training load in youth team handball players. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 174–180, 2023—Session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) is a subjective self-reported measure of training load and is a popular method in several different team sports. This study aimed to investigate the validity of sRPE, by correlating sRPE load (sRPE × minutes of training) and heart rate (HR) expressed as Edwards Summated Heart Rate Zones (SHRZ) and PlayerLoad among Danish youth team handball players. Second, the study aimed to investigate sRPE load's ability to descriptively differentiate between a low and a high training load category. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the in-season period. Fourteen training sessions were measured from 6 teams, in which PlayerLoad, Edwards SHRZ, and sRPE load were measured for the training session and collected from 47 subjects (23 males and 24 females). Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated between sRPE load and Edwards SHRZ and PlayerLoad. Furthermore, a high and a low load category were made from PlayerLoad or Edwards SHRZ to investigate sRPE load's ability to discriminate between high and low objective load. Large correlations between sRPE load and Edwards SHRZ (0.52 [95% CI 0.27:0.70]) and between sRPE load and PlayerLoad (0.67 [95% CI 0.47:0.80]) were observed. Our findings further indicate that sRPE load can differentiate between a high and a low training load category in both Edwards SHRZ and PlayerLoad. Our results show that sRPE load reflects both internal and external load during team handball training sessions and seems to discriminate between high- and low-intensity training sessions. These results support the validity of sRPE load for measuring training load in young team handball players.
Training Methods to Increase Throwing Velocity in Baseball Athletes: A Brief Review
Authors: Job Trey D.W. , Neville Jonathan , Cahill Micheál J. , Bourgeois Frank A. , Crotin Ryan L. , Cronin John B. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Throwing velocity is a crucial component to success in baseball athletes, especially at the position of pitcher. Through practice and proper instruction, pitchers can refine their pitching mechanics to maximize efficiency and throwing velocity in tandem with improving injury resistance. Non-specific training such as gym-based resistance training has been used concurrently with baseball skills training to enhance athletic abilities, including throwing velocity. Increases in throwing velocity have been observed while training with lighter (greater than 12 repetition maximum [RM]) and heavier (3–12 RM) loads. Specific training such as variably weighted baseballs has also been utilized to facilitate increases in throwing velocity. Throwing velocity has also been successfully increased using balls overweight and underweight than the standard five-ounce baseball. More clarity is needed regarding necessary strength levels, range of motion, and progressions in ball mass or throwing volume when applying this training mode. Training methods to increase throwing velocity in baseball athletes should include resistance training with a variety of loads and throwing variably weighted baseballs within the athlete's capability.