bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ScDREBA5 Enhances Cold Tolerance by Regulating Photosynthetic and Antioxidant Genes in the Desert Moss Syntrichia caninervis
Authors: Bai Wenwan , Salih Haron , Yang Ruirui , Yang Qilin , Jin Pei , Liang Yuqing , Zhang Daoyuan , Li Xiaoshuang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTExtreme cold events, becoming more frequent, affect plant growth and development. Much is known about C‐repeat binding transcription factor (CBF)‐dependent cold‐signaling pathways in plants. However, the CBF‐independent regulatory pathway in angiosperms is unclear, and the cold‐signaling pathways in non‐angiosperms lacking CBFs, such as the extremely cold‐tolerant desert moss Syntrichia caninervis, are largely unknown. In this study, we determined that fully hydrated S. caninervis without cold acclimation could tolerate a low‐temperature of −16°C. Transcriptome analysis of S. caninervis under 4°C and −4°C treatments revealed that sugar and energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity were altered in response to cold stress, and surprisingly, most photosynthesis‐related genes were upregulated under cold treatment. Transcription factors analysis revealed that A‐5 DREB genes, which share a common origin with CBFs, are the hubs in the freezing‐stress response of S. caninervis, in which ScDREBA5 was upregulated ~1000‐fold. Overexpressing ScDREBA5 significantly enhanced freezing tolerance in both S. caninervis and Physcomitrium patens by upregulating genes involved in photosynthetic and antioxidant pathways. This is the first study to uncover the mechanism regulating the cold‐stress response in S. caninervis. Our findings increase our understanding of different cold‐stress response strategies in non‐angiosperms and provide valuable genetic resources for breeding cold‐tolerant crops.
Histone Modification‐Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of Defence Genes in Early Response of Arabidopsis to Spodoptera litura Attack
Authors: Yusuf Ahmed , Wakaya Kota , Sakamoto Takuya , Uemura Takuya , Okamura Koudai , Ramadan Abdelaziz , Nozawa Akira , Suzuki Takamasa , Inui Yayoi , Matsunaga Sachihiro , Sawasaki Tatsuya , Arimura Gen‐Ichiro 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHistone modification is a cellular process for transcriptional regulation. In herbivore‐damaged plants, activation of genes involved in defence responses is required for antiherbivore properties, but little is known about how the chromatin remodelling system is involved. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants responding to Spodoptera litura larvae, HAC1 and HDA6, a histone acetyltransferase and a histone deacetylase, respectively, were found here to be involved in histone H3 (Lys9; H3K9) acetylation/deacetylation at the promoter region of the plant defensin gene PDF1.2 and the gene body of ethylene response factor 13 (ERF13) as early as 2 h after the onset of herbivore attack. The H3K9 acetylation was responsible for the robust upregulation of PDF1.2 later, at 24 h, and ERF13 even earlier, at 1 h. TOPLESS (TPL) and TOPLESS‐related (TPR) corepressors interacted with HDA6 to deacetylate H3K9 at PDF1.2 and ERF13, while negatively regulating the expression of PDF1.2 but not ERF13. Furthermore, TPL also interacted with ERF13, resulting in ERF13‐mediated regulation of PDF1.2. Taken together, these data suggest a model of promoter‐restricted, TPL/TPR‐directed histone deacetylation and transcription factor repression in healthy Arabidopsis plants for the feedback regulation of the antiherbivore response.
Twenty Years of Commercial Farming of Kappaphycus alvarezii in India: A Look Back at Learnings and the Way Forward
Authors: Mantri Vaibhav A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTKappaphycus alvarezii continues to be driving force in marine agronomy. Along with Euchema spp. it contributes to 11.6 million tonnes feedstock globally. Among 30 countries where it was introduced, only, Tanzania and India could reach commercial‐scale farming. In India the feedstock production reached 8088 t (dry) worth ~USD 2,390,184 (between 2005 and 2020). The commercial farming has provided diversification of livelihood to the fishermen involved in un‐organized sector of natural seaweed gathering. At the cusp of its strategic expansion this review based on 20 years of research and developmental efforts provided a broad‐brushstroke picture of information on: (i) new innovations; novel, high‐value products; (ii) use as a biological source of commercially relevant genes to combat abiotic stress tolerance in crops; (iii) evolution in farming techniques and models; (iv) conscious efforts in skill‐set development; (v) policy guidelines to support industry; (vi) environmental concerns, disease outbreak, and biosecurity framework; (vii) sustainable seed‐supply management; (viii) cost–benefit analysis through perspective of profitability assessment parameters; and (ix) role of private sector in taking this initiative ahead. K. alvarezii farming in India seems to be successful example of achieving “triple bottom line” objectives of balanced economic, social and environmental out‐come as proposed by United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) and World Bank (WB).
Multiple Paths of Influencing Factors of College Students' Intention of Returning Home for Employment from the Perspective of Configuration: A fsQCA Approach☆
Authors: Ye Jianmeng , Zhang Yuangang , Chen Yi , Zhang Yanzi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRural areas in China are undergoing significant transformations and development phases. This study employs fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) on quantitative data from a survey of 168 college students to investigate the configurations of factors leading to a high willingness to return to their hometowns for employment. The study focuses on their intentions to return as the dependent variable, with independent variables including rural sentiment, social compatibility, risk tolerance, family support, and life satisfaction. The findings reveal nine distinct pathways that meet the criteria of perfect consistency (1.0) and demonstrate high explanatory power (coverage of 89.19%). These pathways are categorized into four types based on underlying motivations: emotion‐oriented, value‐oriented, responsibility‐oriented, and social‐oriented. The results offer theoretical and practical insights into encouraging talent return in rural China, emphasizing the importance of a multifaceted approach that incorporates emotional, social, and familial considerations. The study's findings are contextualized within the Chinese socioeconomic environment, offering valuable insights into rural–urban dynamics in China. These findings could also be applied to other countries and regions with similar urban–rural dynamics and immigration patterns.
Undulating stratigraphy of a carbonate inner ramp lagoon and associated architectural facies heterogeneity: An example from the Late Jurassic Hanifa Formation, Central Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khanna Pankaj , Ramdani Ahmad R. , Gairola Gaurav S. , Adigozalova Teyyuba , Hodgetts David , Vahrenkamp Volker C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study offers new insights into the internal architecture of shallow marine carbonate sediments deposited in an epeiric sea formed on a broadly flooded passive margin continental shelf. The Ullayah Member of the Late Jurassic Hanifa Formation is exposed along the Tuwaiq Mountain Escarpment in Central Saudi Arabia and serves as an example. High‐resolution drone imagery over a 4 × 4 km2 wadi system, measured‐sections and thin‐section petrography are utilized to develop the three‐dimensional architecture of the lagoonal sediments deposited in an inner‐ramp setting. Parasequence sets have been mapped on the digital outcrop models that demonstrate a high degree of lateral and vertical thickness variability associated with stromatoporoid/coral buildups and inter‐buildup sediments. The stromatoporoid/coral buildups have been interpreted to be deposited during the late Transgressive Systems Tract and Highstand System Tract. The positive relief developed by the stromatoporoid/coral buildups resulted in hydrodynamic acceleration of currents in the inter‐buildup areas, which limited sediment deposition. The incomplete filling of the inter‐buildup areas led to an undulating topography, which significantly influenced depositional architecture in the next parasequence set. This theme of sediment filling, also referred to as compensational stacking, was repeated over the next two parasequence sets, with an overall decreasing accommodation towards the late highstand, eventually levelling the uneven topography at the top of the Ullayah Member. The study offers insights into the processes of sediment accumulation in an inner ramp lagoon and/or on a flat‐top shallow marine epeiric carbonate shelf. Although accumulation is cyclic, neither strict facies patterns nor uniform cycle thicknesses can be discerned on a kilometre scale. This insight potentially provides a reason for the frequently debated correlation of cycles and facies patterns in carbonate sequences in shallow epeiric seas.
“You've Got a Lot to Prove”: A Mixed Methods Analysis of How Older Adults and Their Families Navigate Medicaid Enrollment
Authors: Petry Sarah E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMany older adults will need Medicaid to cover health and long‐term care costs, yet the process by which these older adults gain access to Medicaid is poorly understood. In a case study of family caregivers and key program staff at a skilled nursing facility in a large, urban county in North Carolina, I document the experiences of older adults' families applying for Medicaid. Participants report challenges with the application process and their own assets creating barriers to enrollment, while having a health event requiring institutionalised care precipitated access. Given these results, I use data from 11 waves of the Health and Retirement Survey to test these hypothesised factors, demonstrating that prior hospitalisation and having limited assets both accelerate time to Medicaid enrollment. Expanding Medicaid to cover older adults with incomes greater than the federal poverty line and simplifying eligibility requirements and application processes can improve the well‐being of older adults and their families.
COVID‐19, Import Relationships and New Formation: Evidence From Colombian Importers
Authors: Hamilton Ben 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the short‐run effects of exposure to COVID‐19 cases on monthly outcomes and new formation for Colombian import relationships in 2020. Focusing first on consistent import relationships, defined as firm–origin–product triplets that were active in all 12 months of 2019, inactivity rates are 5% higher, imported value is 3% lower and 2% fewer transactions occur when COVID‐19 caseloads in the exporting country are at the 75th percentile (2.4 cases per thousand residents) instead of the 25th percentile (0.1 cases per thousand residents). When cases in the importer's Colombian department are at the 75th percentile (7.2 cases per thousand) instead of the 25th (0.3 cases per thousand), inactivity rates are 23% higher, imported values are 6% lower and 2% fewer transactions occur. Differences in viral incidence across countries also affect the extensive margin decision of which country importers begin to source products from: higher cases in individual countries deter new relationships with exporters from those countries from forming, whereas higher case levels in traditional suppliers push importers towards less prominent source countries.
Insights into the ALS inhibitor resistance in Amaranthus retroflexus: A matter of concern for CONVISO® SMART sugar beet cultivation
Authors: Bhattacharya Soham , Sen Madhab Kumar , Hamouzová Kateřina , Košnarová Pavlína , Soukup Josef 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAmaranthus retroflexus L. has recently become a problematic weed in CONVISO® SMART sugar beet fields in the Czech Republic, largely due to the rapid adoption of this system and widespread application of ALS inhibiting herbicides in almost all crops, including other systems using ALS herbicide tolerant varieties. In this study, two A. retroflexus biotypes, suspected to be resistant to ALS inhibitors, were collected from CONVISO® SMART sugar beet field. Studies were conducted to confirm their resistance status and investigate the underlying mechanisms. The findings reveal that these biotypes have developed resistance to foramsulfuron + thiencarbazone‐methyl, with cross‐resistance to imazamox and tribenuron‐methyl. The dose–response studies revealed that the resistant (R) biotypes AMARE1 and AMARE2 are 351 and 12 times less sensitive to foramsulfuron + thiencarbazone‐methyl than the susceptible (S) biotype. Upon pretreatment with malathion, the resistance index decreased 2X in AMARE1, indicating the potential involvement of cytochrome P450 in the resistance mechanism. However, no involvement of GSTs was detected following NBD‐Cl pretreatment. Furthermore, a higher ALS enzyme activity was observed in both R biotypes compared to the S biotype. Finally, molecular analysis revealed that a single nucleotide substitution had occurred in the ALS gene, conferring a tryptophan (Trp) to Leucine (Leu) substitution at position 574 of the ALS enzyme involved as a probable target‐site resistance mechanism in both R biotypes. In summary, our study identified point mutation and enhanced metabolism by cytochrome P450s are likely mechanisms of resistance to foramsulfuron + thiencarbazone‐methyl in the AMARE1 biotype, while point mutation was found the sole responsible mechanism of resistance involved in AMARE2. The current study reports the first instance of resistance in A. retroflexus against foramsulfuron + thiencarbazone‐methyl. This evolution highlights the dynamic response of weed populations to herbicide pressure and underscores the need for alternative weed control strategies in sugar beet including rotating ALS‐tolerant crops with the traditional (non‐tolerant) crops, to limit ALS inhibitor use and resistance evolution.
Thyroxine (T3)‐mediated regulation of early cardiac repair in a chemical‐induced hypoxia/reoxygenation model of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Banerjee Kalyan , Mandal Subhadeep , Nath Arghya , Chakraborty Suman Bhusan , Mitra Arkadeep , Gupta Shreyasi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHypoxia‐mediated cardiac tissue injury and its repair or regeneration are one of the major health management challenges globally. Unlike mammals, lower vertebrate species such as zebrafish (Danio rerio) represent a natural model to study cardiac injury, repair and regeneration. Thyroxine (T3) has been hypothesised to be one of the endocrine factors responsible for the evolutionary trade‐off for acquiring endothermy and regenerative capability in higher vertebrates. However, the specific targets of T3 during cardiac repair are still obscure. In this study, cardiac injury was generated in adult zebrafish by acute anaemia‐induced hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in the presence or absence of exogenous T3 alone or along with 1–850 (inhibitor of T3 receptor) and iopanoic acid (IOA, blocker of T3 release), respectively. A microarray analysis showed that 10,226 gene expression changes in expression across all experimental groups, providing a comprehensive understanding of the cardiac transcriptome. Analysis of 11 candidate genes was conducted using qRT‐PCR and the findings aligned with the microarray data. Histological assessment by Masson's trichrome staining and immunofluorescence studies also corroborated the microarray data. GO enrichment analysis showed noteworthy involvement of T3 in the modulation of genes involved in oxidative stress, cardiac fibrosis, energy metabolism, autophagy, apoptosis and regeneration during the initial repair phase (7 days) of H/R‐damaged cardiac tissue. Overall, this is the first study that presents a holistic picture of cardiac repair and regeneration post H/R injury in zebrafish and the effect of T3 pre‐treatment on it.
Divergent selection for basal metabolic rate in mice affects the abundance of UCP1 protein: implications for translational studies
Authors: Brzęk Paweł , Selewestruk Piotr , Sadowska Julita , Gębczyński Andrzej K. , Książek Aneta , Kalinovich Anastasia , Nedergaard Jan , Konarzewski Marek 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLow basal metabolic rate (BMR) is a risk factor for obesity, whereas elevation of non‐shivering thermogenesis (NST) is a promising means to combat obesity. Because heat generated by NST covers thermogenic needs not fulfilled by BMR, one can expect the presence of a negative relationship between both parameters. Understanding of the mechanisms underlying this relationship is therefore important for interpretation of the results of translational experiments and the development of anti‐obesity treatments. We studied two lines of laboratory mice divergently selected for high or low level of BMR, raised at 23°C and subsequently acclimated to different ambient temperatures (30, 23 and 4°C). Mice selected for low BMR accumulated more fat but simultaneously showed higher NST capacity and more uncoupling protein‐1 (UCP1) in interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT), to compensate for their lower heat production through BMR. The between‐line difference in UCP1 protein abundance was significant even in mice acclimated to 30°C when the level of UCP1 is very low. Differences in NST capacity between selected lines and acclimation temperatures were explained by UCP1 iBAT abundance. Our results reveal that BMR is inversely correlated with UCP1 protein abundance and NST, even after acclimation to thermoneutrality. Thus, low values of BMR can increase both obesity risk and the magnitude of NST, i.e. the process whose activation has been proposed to mitigate obesity risk. All these effects should be taken into account in the design and interpretation of translational studies on mice models of metabolic diseases.
imageKey points
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) and non‐shivering thermogenesis (NST) based on the activity of uncoupling protein‐1 (UCP1) are two main sources of heat in laboratory mice.
Both BMR and UCP1 can affect obesity risk in laboratory rodents and humans.
Here we studied BMR, NST, and the abundance of UCP1 in laboratory mice selected divergently towards either high or low BMR.
We showed that BMR is negatively correlated with UCP1 abundance and this effect is not removed even after acclimation to thermoneutrality.
The pattern described reveals that BMR can affect not only obesity risk but also the magnitude of UCP1‐mediated NST. Since activation of NST was proposed to mitigate obesity risk, variation in BMR should be taken into account in translational studies of mouse models of metabolic diseases.
Computational modelling of cardiac control following myocardial infarction using an in silico patient cohort
Authors: Gee Michelle M. , Lenhoff Abraham M. , Schwaber James S. , Vadigepalli Rajanikanth 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLoss of cardiac physiological function following myocardial infarction (MI) is accompanied by neural adaptations in the baroreflex that are compensatory in the short term, but then become associated with long‐term disease progression. One marker of these adaptations is decreased baroreflex sensitivity, a strong predictor of post‐MI mortality. The relative contributions of cardiac remodelling and neural adaptation in the sensory, central brainstem and peripheral ganglionic loci to baroreflex sensitivity changes remain underexplored. We used a computational model‐based approach that accounts for the short‐term dynamics of closed‐loop human cardiac control to integrate disparate experimental studies on neural adaptation following MI into a unified quantitative framework. We developed an ensemble of 59 distinct model parameterizations that account for the clinically observed heterogeneity of cardiac control in healthy individuals. We simulated an in silico cohort of 35,400 patients with MI, corresponding to six scenarios of one or more loci of neural adaptation coupled with cardiac remodelling. We evaluated the range of MI‐induced shifts in arterial pressure, heart rate and baroreflex curve responses. Our results show that adaptation in any single neural locus coupled with cardiac remodelling is sufficient to account for the MI‐induced haemodynamic and autonomic changes observed experimentally. Of the adaptation pathways, we found that individuals with central or peripheral vagal efferent adaptation and preserved baroreceptor gain could maintain high baroreflex sensitivity after ischaemic injury. These results suggest that there are a multitude of adaptive pathways for tuning the baroreflex circuit to shift cardiac control physiology, potentially explaining patient heterogeneity post‐MI.
imageKey points
Baroreflex sensitivity is a strong indicator of post‐myocardial ischaemia survival and is variable among individuals.
We fine‐tuned a computational model ensemble based on physiological observations to develop an in silico patient cohort consistent with the range of baroreflex responses observed experimentally.
Simulation and analysis of the in silico cohort show that individuals with a functional afferent pathway and the ability to adapt along the vagal efferent pathway can maintain baroreflex sensitivity post‐cardiac ischaemia.
A Parameterized Prediction Method for Turbulent Jet Noise Based on Physics-Informed Neural Networks
Authors: Jiang Liang , Cheng Yuzhou , Luo Kun , Liu Kai , Cao Zhen , Fan Jianren 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Turbulent noise prediction is integral to fluid equipment design, and multiple simulations or experiments are often required for noise distribution under varying operating conditions during the design optimization process, which could be expensive. Recently, the physics informed neural networks (PINNs) method has emerged as an efficient machine learning method for solving parameterized partial differential equations with geometric shapes, boundary conditions, and equation parameters as variable parameters through a single training session without data. In this study, a parameterized prediction method is developed to predict turbulent jet noise based on PINNs without any training datasets. Both 2D and 3D jet flow problems are solved. The 2D problem is solved with the Reynolds number as a variable parameter, and the 3D problem is solved with the Reynolds number and nozzle eccentricity as variable parameters. The predicted results are in good agreement with those from conventional computational fluid dynamics (CFD), with average errors of 3% and 6% for the 2D and 3D flow and acoustic power fields, respectively. In terms of computational efficiency, the time required by the method for the three-dimensional problem with two variable parameters is only one-seventh of that of the traditional CFD method. This study demonstrates that for engineering noise scenarios with varying parameters, the method based on PINNs offers a more efficient parameterized predicting approach and is promising for future applications.