bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sufrimiento, Holocausto y memorias colectivas en el pensamiento histórico de Hayden White
Authors: Bolaños Aitor 
Published: May 2021

En este artículo pretendo reflexionar sobre una cuestión de gran trascendencia para el pensamiento histórico y filosófico de comienzos del siglo XXI: el lugar que ocupan las víctimas y su sufrimiento en una reconsideración epistemológica de las ciencias sociales, del pensamiento humanista y de la propia disciplina historiográfica. Para ello, mi idea es seguir los argumentos de dos textos de Hayden White, que considero imprescindibles para estudiar su pensamiento ético-moral: “El posmodernismo y las ansiedades textuales” y “El acontecimiento modernista”. Por supuesto, acompañaré mis argumentos con una lectura transversal de The Practical Past, última obra publicada por el historiador USAmericano. Y todo ello con la intención de elaborar un homenaje a la vida y a la obra de un autor que tanto ha hecho por situar en el centro del debate sobre el pasado las cuestiones más puramente políticas y éticas, además de las teóricas o metodológicas.
This text offers a reflection on a question of great importance for the historical-philosophical thought of the beginning of the 21st Century: the place occupied by the victims and their suffering in an epistemological reconsideration of the social sciences, of humanist thought and of the historiographic discipline itself . For doing this, this article offers an analysis of Hayden White’s oeuvre, a work that grants a transcendental role to the collective memories of the victims, as well as to their suffering. And all this with a critical and ethical-political intention, essential for scientific and social progress.
Factores relacionados con la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en mujeres con VIH: Un estudio mixto con diseño secuencial
Authors: Sánchez Peña Sara , Pastor Bravo María del Mar , Cánovas Tomás Miguel Ángel , Almansa-Martínez Pilar , Peñalver Guillen Caridad , Jiménez-Ruiz Ismael 
Published: May 2021

Introducción: El VIH/Sida afecta cada vez a más mujeres. La adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral es decisiva en la calidad de vida de las personas infectadas. Objetivos: El objetivo del estudio es determinar el grado de adherencia manifestada en un grupo de mujeres con VIH/Sida, con TAR e identificar los factores y circunstancias que influyen en su adherencia.Metodología: Se ha realizado un estudio con diseño mixto secuencial explicativo. Los sujetos de estudio son 86 mujeres diagnosticadas con VIH/Sida en tratamiento con TARGA. Resultados: Se recogieron datos cualitativos de 18 de ellas. El 59,3% de las participantes son no adherentes. Los factores determinantes de la no adherencia son el grado académico, edad, ingresos, así como factores personales, interpersonales como el apoyo sociofamiliar, estigma percibido y autoestigma y factores relativos a la enfermedad y tratamiento. Conclusión: Los cuidados de enfermería deben abordar con enfoque de género aquellos factores psicosociales e individuales del proceso de adherencia.
Background: HIV/AIDS is affecting more and more women. Adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is decisive for those infected to achieve quality of life. Purpose: The aim of the present study is to determine the degree of adherence displayed by a group of women with HIV/AIDS and to identify those factors and circumstances which might influence their adherence to ART. Method: A sequential mixed model research design was applied. The subjects studied consisted of 86 women diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and treated with ART. Findings and discussion: Qualitative data were collected from 18 of these women. 59.3% of participants were non-adherents. The determining factors for non-adherence were level of education, age, income, as well as personal and/or interpersonal factors such as socio-familial support, perceived stigma, self-stigma and factors related to disease and treatment. Nursing care should take a gender-focused approach towards those psychological and personal factors inherent in the adherence process.
Factores de riesgo asociados al embarazo en adolescentes
Authors: Castañeda Paredes Jennifer , Santa-Cruz-Espinoza Henry 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Evaluar los factores de riesgo para el embarazo en adolescentes.Método: Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles con una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia de 180 adolescentes: 60 gestantes (casos) y 120 no gestantes (controles). La recolección de datos se realizó entre los meses de setiembre y octubre del 2019 en un centro de salud público de Trujillo, mediante el FACES-III y una ficha de identificación de datos sociodemográficos y familiares. Para el análisis de datos se determinó el Odds ratio, se calcularon los intervalos de confianza (IC) y se procedió a estimar la magnitud de efecto.Resultados: Tanto la exposición a la violencia (OR: 5.82), la funcionalidad familiar (OR: 3.87), la edad del primer embarazo de la madre (OR: 4.07) y la situación sentimental de los padres (OR: 4.24), actuaron como factores de riesgo con una magnitud de efecto moderada; en tanto que el grado de instrucción de la madre (OR: 2.03) se mostró como un factor de riesgo con magnitud de efecto pequeña y el grado de instrucción del padre (OR: 1.37) insignificante. Conclusiones: La exposición a la violencia, la funcionalidad familiar, la edad del primer embarazo de la madre, la situación sentimental y el grado de instrucción de los padres actuaron como factores de riesgo para el embarazo en adolescentes.
Objective: To assess the risk factors for pregnancy in adolescents.Method: Retrospective case-control study with a non-probability sample for convenience of 180 adolescents: 60 pregnant women (cases) and 120 non pregnant women (controls) Data collection was carried out between September and October, 2019 in a public health center in Trujillo, using FACES-III and a card identifying sociodemographic and family data. For the data analysis the Odds ratio was determined, the confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and the magnitude of effect was estimated.Results: Exposure to violence (OR: 5.82), family functionality (OR: 3.87), age of mother's first pregnancy (OR: 4.07), and parents’ emotional situation (OR: 4.24) were risk factors with a moderate magnitude of effect, whereas mother's education (OR: 2.03) was a risk factor with a small magnitude of effect and father's education (OR: 1.37) was insignificant.Conclusions: Exposure to violence, family functionality, age of mother's first pregnancy, emotional situation and parents’ level of education all acted as risk factors for adolescent pregnancy.
Caméras portatives sur policiers : état de la situation au Canada
Authors: Faubert1 Camille , Gendron Annie 
Published: May 2021

Les caméras portatives sont aujourd’hui considérées comme le nouvel outil ayant le potentiel de transformer la police. Celles-ci sont perçues comme une solution pour : 1) augmenter la transparence, la reddition des comptes et la légitimité de la police ; 2) améliorer l’efficacité des enquêtes ; et 3) rehausser la sécurité des citoyens et des policiers. Or, les résultats du corpus d’études évaluant les effets réels de ces caméras sont, d’une part, mitigés, d’autre part, majoritairement américains. Le contexte social et légal canadien étant différent de celui des États-Unis, les résultats américains ne sont pas nécessairement transposables au Canada. Quelques évaluations canadiennes sont toutefois disponibles pour guider la prise de décisions relatives aux caméras portatives sur policiers au Canada. L’objectif du présent article est donc de proposer une revue de la portée (scoping review) de 28 études sur les caméras portatives menées au Canada entre 2010 et 2021 et ayant soulevé des enjeux de légitimité et d’efficacité de la police. Les constats sont divisés en trois sections distinctes : 1) les bonnes pratiques en matière d’utilisation des caméras portatives dans les organisations policières canadiennes ; 2) le contraste entre les attentes à l’égard de cet outil et son réel potentiel ; et 3) les enjeux et limites associés à cet outil. Alors que l’article met en lumière certains effets positifs des caméras portatives, une réflexion est entamée quant à leur plus-value à la lumière de leurs enjeux et limites.
Le temps de visionnement comme mesure des préférences sexuelles déviantes chez les auteurs de crimes à caractère sexuel
Authors: Auclair-Fournier1 Édith , Charette Yanick 
Published: May 2021

La déviance sexuelle est l’un des plus importants facteurs associés à la récidive chez les auteurs d’agression sexuelle. L’évaluation de ces intérêts représente un défi, puisque les personnes évaluées peuvent être réticentes à ce que leurs préférences soient sues. Des mesures novatrices, basées sur l’attention, par exemple le temps de visionnement (VT ; viewing time), pourraient s’avérer des solutions de rechange prometteuses aux outils d’évaluation des préférences sexuelles existants. L’objectif du présent article est de présenter le VT et de faire une revue systématique des études qui ont fait l’évaluation de cette mesure de l’intérêt sexuel déviant chez les auteurs de délits à caractère sexuel. Les résultats sont présentés selon trois grands types d’étude : la capacité discriminante du VT ; les comparaisons de ces capacités discriminantes avec d’autres mesures de déviances sexuelles ; et la capacité prédictive du VT par rapport à la récidive criminelle à caractère sexuel. La majorité des études confirme la capacité discriminante du VT en fonction du sexe de la victime. Cette capacité discriminante est comparable à d’autres mesures, plus intrusives, telles que la pléthysmographie pénienne. Le VT représente donc une voie novatrice intéressante pour l’évaluation de la délinquance sexuelle.
Theoretical Linkage between Theories of Social Comparison, Brand Congruence, Self Concept and Social Indentity
Authors: Perera A. D. C. , Samarakoon S. M. A. K. , Wanninayake W. M. C. B. 
Published: May 2021

Aim: This paper proposed a theoretical framework to fulfill the theoretical gap which will lead to an extended theory for conspicuous consumption.
Methodology: The main theory considered for this study is social comparison theory which is the grounded theory of the concept of conspicuous consumption. Further, theoretical framework is entailed of 3 supporting theories. As explained below brand association variable is emerged from brand congruency theory. while Self-concept variable is emerged from self-concept theory. Whereas personal cultural orientation is based on the social identity theory.
Conclusion: The researcher strongly argues that in order to do a thorough comparison and purchase, the consumer would look at overall spectrum i.e., brand image, self-image and social image where it will give him an overall evaluation for him to make a consumption behavior which may lead to conspicuous consumption.
Effect of internet-based attention bias modification on the anxiety of Japanese workers: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tayama Jun , Shimazu Akihito , Ogawa Sayaka , Nakaya Naoki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study comprised a randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of internet-based attention bias modification (iABM) on reducing workers’ anxiety.

Methods
In total, 300 eligible participants were randomized according to sex and age; 180 were assigned to the intervention group and 120 to the control group. The word stimuli used in the iABM included eight positive words and eight neutral words. Participants were instructed to indicate the positive word’s position as quickly and accurately as possible by tapping one of the two directions on display. The intervention included five sessions per participant over 1 month, resulting in a total of 600 trials. The main outcome measure was the total state anxiety score of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).

Results
There was no significant difference in the net change in STAI scores between the intervention and control groups. The mean reaction time of the fifth session was significantly shorter than the mean reaction time of the first session. Furthermore, although there was no effect on the index of effect size Δ, the paired t-test showed a significant decrease in the anxiety score.

Conclusions
The iABM intervention in this study did not enhance the amelioration of workers’ anxiety when compared with the control condition.
An in vivo genome‐wide shRNA screen identifies BCL6 as a targetable biomarker of paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Sultan Mohammad , Nearing Jacob T. , Brown Justin M. , Huynh Thomas T. , Cruickshank Brianne M. , Lamoureaux Emily , Vidovic Dejan , Dahn Margaret L. , Fernando Wasundara , Coyle Krysta M. , Giacomantonio Carman A. , Langille Morgan G.I. , Marcato Paola 
Published: May 2021

Paclitaxel is a common breast cancer drug; however, some tumors are resistant. The identification of biomarkers for paclitaxel resistance or sensitivity would enable the development of strategies to improve treatment efficacy. A genome‐wide in vivo shRNA screen was performed on paclitaxel‐treated mice with MDA‐MB‐231 tumors to identify genes associated with paclitaxel sensitivity or resistance. Gene expression of the top screen hits was associated with tumor response (resistance or sensitivity) among patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy containing paclitaxel. We focused our validation on screen hit B‐cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6), which is a therapeutic target in cancer but for which no effects on drug response have been reported. Knockdown of BCL6 resulted in increased tumor regression in mice treated with paclitaxel. Similarly, inhibiting BCL6 using a small molecule inhibitor enhanced paclitaxel treatment efficacy both in vitro and in vivo in breast cancer models. Mechanism studies revealed that reduced BCL6 enhances the efficacy of paclitaxel by inducing sustained G1/S arrest, concurrent with increased apoptosis and expression of target gene cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1A. In summary, the genome‐wide shRNA knockdown screen has identified BCL6 as a potential targetable resistance biomarker of paclitaxel response in breast cancer.
SF3B1 mutation in pancreatic cancer contributes to aerobic glycolysis and tumor growth through a PP2A–c‐Myc axis
Authors: Yang Jian‐Yu , Huo Yan‐Miao , Yang Min‐Wei , Shen Yang , Liu De‐Jun , Fu Xue‐Liang , Tao Ling‐Ye , He Rui‐Zhe , Zhang Jun‐Feng , Hua Rong , Jiang Shu‐Heng , Sun Yong‐Wei , Liu Wei 
Published: May 2021

Hot spot gene mutations in splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (SF3B1) are observed in many types of cancer and create abundant aberrant mRNA splicing, which is profoundly implicated in tumorigenesis. Here, we identified that the SF3B1 K700E (SF3B1K700E) mutation is strongly associated with tumor growth in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Knockdown of SF3B1 significantly retarded cell proliferation and tumor growth in a cell line (Panc05.04) with the SF3B1K700E mutation. However, SF3B1 knockdown had no notable effect on cell proliferation in two cell lines (BxPC3 and AsPC1) carrying wild‐type SF3B1. Ectopic expression of SF3B1K700E but not SF3B1WT in SF3B1‐knockout Panc05.04 cells largely restored the inhibitory role induced by SF3B1 knockdown. Introduction of the SF3B1K700E mutation in BxPC3 and AsPC1 cells also boosted cell proliferation. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated a close correlation between SF3B1 mutation and aerobic glycolysis. Functional analyses showed that the SF3B1K700E mutation promoted tumor glycolysis, as evidenced by glucose consumption, lactate release, and extracellular acidification rate. Mechanistically, the SF3B1 mutation promoted the aberrant splicing of PPP2R5A and led to the activation of the glycolytic regulator c‐Myc via post‐translational regulation. Pharmacological activation of PP2A with FTY‐720 markedly compromised the growth advantage induced by the SF3B1K700E mutation in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our data suggest a novel function for SF3B1 mutation in the Warburg effect, and this finding may offer a potential therapeutic strategy against PDAC with the SF3B1K700E mutation.
c‐Abl kinase regulates cell proliferation and ionizing radiation‐induced G2/M arrest via phosphorylation of FHL2
Authors: Wang Guang‐Fei , Niu Xiayang , Liu Hainan , Dong Qincai , Yao Yebao , Wang Di , Liu Xuan , Cao Cheng 
Published: May 2021

Nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c‐Abl participates in several cellular processes by phosphorylating transcription factors or cofactors. c‐Abl binds and phosphorylates four‐and‐a‐half‐LIM‐only protein 2 (FHL2), but the identity of the phosphorylation sites and their contribution to cell cycle regulation is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that c‐Abl highly phosphorylates FHL2 at Y97, Y176, Y217, and Y236 through mass spectrometry and tyrosine‐to‐phenylalanine (Y → F) mutant analysis. Proliferation was inhibited in cells expressing wild‐type (WT) FHL2 but not cells expressing the phosphorylation‐defective mutant FHL2(4YF). Moreover, FHL2 contributed to cell cycle arrest at G2/M induced by ionizing radiation (IR). FHL2 WT but not FHL2(4YF) rescued FHL2 function in FHL2‐depleted cells by causing IR‐induced G2/M arrest. These results demonstrate that c‐Abl regulates cell cycle progression by phosphorylating FHL2.
Designing a Strategy Trial for the Management of Gout: The Use of a Modified Delphi Panel
Authors: Solomon Daniel H. , Weissman Joel S. , Choi Hyon , Atlas Steven J. , Berardinelli Cesar , Dedier Julien , Fischer Michael A. , Fitzgerald John , Hinteregger Erica , Johnsen Brianne , Marini Diana D. , McLean Robert , Murray Fred , Neogi Tuhina , Oertel Lynn B. , Pillinger Michael H. , Riggs Kevin R. , Saag Ken , Suh Dong , Watkins James , Barry Michael J. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveDisagreement exists between rheumatology and primary care societies regarding gout management. This paper describes a formal process for gathering input from stakeholders in the planning of a trial to compare gout management strategies.MethodsWe recruited patients, nurses, physician assistants, primary care clinicians, and rheumatologists to participate in a modified Delphi panel (mDP) to provide input on design of a trial focused on optimal management for primary care patients with gout. The 16 panelists received a plain‐language briefing document that discussed the rationale for the trial, key clinical issues in gout, and aspects of trial design. The panelists also received information and considerations on nine voting questions (VQs), judged to be the key design questions. Cognitive interviews with panelists ensured that the VQs were understood by the range of panelists involved in the mDP. Panelists were asked to score all VQs from 1 (definitely no) to 9 (definitely yes). Two voting rounds were conducted—round 1 by email and round 2 by video conference.ResultsThe VQs were modified through the cognitive interviews. The round 1 voting resulted in consensus on eight items, with consensus defined as median voting score in the same tercile (1‐3, 4‐6 or 7‐9). Re‐voting at the meeting (round 2) reached consensus on the remaining item.ConclusionAn mDP with various stakeholders facilitated consensus on the design of a trial of different management strategies for chronic gout. This method may be useful for designing trials of clinical questions with substantial disagreement across stakeholders.
1D p–n Junction Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices from Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Lateral Heterostructures Grown by One‐Pot Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis
Authors: Najafidehaghani Emad , Gan Ziyang , George Antony , Lehnert Tibor , Ngo Gia Quyet , Neumann Christof , Bucher Tobias , Staude Isabelle , Kaiser David , Vogl Tobias , Hübner Uwe , Kaiser Ute , Eilenberger Falk , Turchanin Andrey 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLateral heterostructures of dissimilar monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides provide great opportunities to build 1D in‐plane p–n junctions for sub‐nanometer thin low‐power electronic, optoelectronic, optical, and sensing devices. Electronic and optoelectronic applications of such p–n junction devices fabricated using a scalable one‐pot chemical vapor deposition process yielding MoSe2‐WSe2 lateral heterostructures are reported here. The growth of the monolayer lateral heterostructures is achieved by in situ controlling the partial pressures of the oxide precursors by a two‐step heating protocol. The grown lateral heterostructures are characterized structurally and optically using optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy/microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy/microscopy. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy further confirms the high‐quality 1D boundary between MoSe2 and WSe2 in the lateral heterostructure. p–n junction devices are fabricated from these lateral heterostructures and their applicability as rectifiers, solar cells, self‐powered photovoltaic photodetectors, ambipolar transistors, and electroluminescent light emitters are demonstrated.
Mimicking the Human Tympanic Membrane: The Significance of Scaffold Geometry
Authors: Anand Shivesh , Stoppe Thomas , Lucena Mónica , Rademakers Timo , Neudert Marcus , Danti Serena , Moroni Lorenzo , Mota Carlos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe human tympanic membrane (TM) captures sound waves from the environment and transforms them into mechanical motion. The successful transmission of these acoustic vibrations is attributed to the unique architecture of the TM. However, a limited knowledge is available on the contribution of its discrete anatomical features, which is important for fabricating functional TM replacements. This work synergizes theoretical and experimental approaches toward understanding the significance of geometry in tissue‐engineered TM scaffolds. Three test designs along with a plain control are chosen to decouple some of the dominant structural elements, such as the radial and circumferential alignment of the collagen fibrils. In silico models suggest a geometrical dependency of their mechanical and acoustical responses, where the presence of radially aligned fibers is observed to have a more prominent effect compared to their circumferential counterparts. Following which, a hybrid fabrication strategy combining electrospinning and additive manufacturing has been optimized to manufacture biomimetic scaffolds within the dimensions of the native TM. The experimental characterizations conducted using macroindentation and laser Doppler vibrometry corroborate the computational findings. Finally, biological studies with human dermal fibroblasts and human mesenchymal stromal cells reveal a favorable influence of scaffold hierarchy on cellular alignment and subsequent collagen deposition.
Bloch Oscillations of Hybrid Light‐Matter Particles in a Waveguide Array
Authors: Beierlein J. , Egorov O. A. , Harder T. H. , Gagel P. , Emmerling M. , Schneider C. , Höfling S. , Peschel U. , Klembt S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBloch oscillations are a phenomenon well known from quantum mechanics where electrons in a lattice experience an oscillatory motion in the presence of an electric field gradient. Here, the authors report on Bloch oscillations of hybrid light−matter particles, called exciton‐polaritons (polaritons), being confined in an array of coupled microcavity waveguides. To this end, the waveguide widths and their mutual couplings are carefully designed such that a constant energy gradient is induced perpendicular to the direction of motion of the propagating polaritons. This technique allows us to directly observe and study Bloch oscillations in real‐ and momentum‐space. Furthermore, the experimental findings are supported by numerical simulations based on a modified Gross–Pitaevskii approach. This work provides an important transfer of basic concepts of quantum mechanics to integrated solid state devices, using quantum fluids of light.