bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Performance of Practical Quantum Key Distribution With Advantage Distillation Technology
Authors: Li Hong-Wei , Zhang Chun-Mei , Jiang Mu-Sheng , Cai Qing-Yu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To improve the maximal transmission distance and the maximal error rate tolerance, we apply the advantage distillation technology to analyze security of the practical decoy-sate quantum key distribution system. Based on the practical experimental parameters, the device-dependent quantum key distribution protocols and the measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution protocols have been respectively analyzed, and our analysis results demonstrate that the advantage distillation technology can significantly improve the performance of different quantum key distribution protocols. In the four-state and six-state device-dependent quantum key distribution protocols, we prove that the maximal transmission distance can be improved from 142 km to 180 km and from 146 km to 187 km respectively. In the four-state and six-state measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution protocols, we prove that the maximal transmission distance can be improved from 195 km to 273 km and from 200 km to 282 km respectively. More interestingly, the advantage distillation technology does not need to change the hardware devices about the quantum step, thus it can be conveniently to be applied in various practical quantum key distribution systems.
Course of long COVID symptoms over time in the ComPaRe long COVID prospective e-cohort
Authors: Tran Viet-Thi , Porcher Raphael , Pane Isabelle , Ravaud Philippe 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
About 10% of the people infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are reported to experience “long COVID,” that is, persistence of symptoms several weeks after infection. Day-by-day prevalence of long COVID symptoms was determined from responses to the Long COVID Symptom Tool by 837 patients (3075 person-months) with a confirmed infection and enrolled in the ComPaRe long COVID cohort, a prospective cohort of such patients in France. Nine months after disease onset, 88.7% patients reported persistent symptoms and 70% reported a high burden of disease. Over time, the prevalence progressively decreased for 19/53 symptoms (e.g., loss of taste/smell) and was stable for 29/53 symptoms (e.g., fatigue). For 5/53 symptoms (e.g., memory problems), prevalence increased rapidly over the first two months and then reached a plateau. These findings are important for understanding the underlying etiologies and mechanisms of long COVID.
Adolescent Breakfast Skipping Is Associated With Poorer Academic Performance: a School-based Study From Hidhabu Abote District, Ethiopia
Authors: Feye Dereje , Gobena Tesfaye , Brewis Alexandra , Roba Kedir Teji 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Breakfast is regarded as “the most important meal of the day”, suggested to positively affect learning in children and adolescent in terms of cognitive and school performance. Yet, studies in LMIC settings are few, and show very inconsistent results. Objective: To assess the prevalence and correlates of breakfast skipping and its association with school performance among randomly selected in-school adolescents in HidhabuAboteWereda North Shewa Zone, Central Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from November to December 2020. A total of 422 participants were selected randomly from high schools of Hidhabu Abote Wereda. Data were entered in to Epiata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis identified factors that were significantly associated with the breakfast skipping. Odds ratio along with 95% Confidence interval was estimated to measure the strength of the association and level of statistical significance declared at p-value less than 0.05.Results: The magnitude of breakfast skipping was 41.3%, (95% CI: (36.6-46.0)].There was statistically significant association between breakfast skipping and overall academic performance [AOR: 5.18, 95%CI (1.54-7.46)], mathematics performance (3.88, 95%CI (1.34-11.22)], and English language performance scores [2.92, 95%CI (1.38-7.58)]. Being female [AOR = 1.857, 95% CI (1.05-3.27)], household food insecurity [AOR: 2.478, 95% CI (1.36-4.51)], and less maternal education [AOR: 1.89, 95%CL (3.38-7.77)] were independently associated with breakfast skipping. The primary reasons given for breakfast skipping were lack of time, lack of appetite in morning, and concerns around weight gain.Conclusion: Nearly half of in school adolescents were skipped breakfast meals, and reportedly in most cases for reasons unrelated to lack of food access. Students who skipped breakfast had lower levels of school performance.
Names Targeting p65 to Inhibit Cas3 Transcription by Onjisaponin B for Radiation Damage Therapy in p65+/- Mice
Authors: Wang Tao-yang , Hu Yong-jian , Wang Xia , Li Yu-feng , Zhang Fan , Yan Yi-di , Dou Wen-tao , Cheng Chen-yi , Xu Ping 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background: p65 is activated following radiation injury. The formation of p65 is regulated by Onjisaponin B (OB) in Alzheimer's disease models. In addition, there is a binding site for p65 in the promoter region of CAS3. In the present study, the use of OB as an intervention to modulate p65/Cas3 following radiation injury was studied.Methods: Cellular and animal experiments, immunofluorescence, HE staining, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, comet and DNA ladder assays, and flow cytometry were used to confirm the expression of p65 and Cas3.Results: The results demonstrated that if the expression of p65 was silenced in V79 and TC cells, OB did not significantly inhibit the activation of p65 or Cas3 following irradiation, or significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of p65 and its transfer into the nucleus. Overexpression of p65 in V79 and MTEC-1 cells resulted in OB significantly inhibiting the activation of p65 and Cas3, and the phosphorylation and translocation of p65 into the nucleus. In p65+/- mice, expression of the p65 gene was knocked down, leading to increased tissue apoptosis and inflammation, and serious tissue pathological changes. The inhibition of p65 activation by OB after exposure to radiation was not apparent in the thymus, but it was in the lung, indicating that OB has a regulatory effect on endogenous p65.Conclusions:In summary, OB interfered with radiation injury by targeting and regulating p65/Cas3. Therefore, it was confirmed that p65 is an important target molecule for the treatment of radiation injury.
Neuronal Induction and Bioenergetics Characterization of Human Forearm Adipose Stem Cells from Parkinson’s Disease Patients and Healthy Controls
Authors: González-Casacuberta Ingrid , Vilas Dolores , Pont-Sunyer Claustre , Tobías Ester , Cantó Judith , Valls-Roca Laura , García-García Francesc Josep , Garrabou Glòria , Grau-Junyent Josep Maria , Martí Maria Josep , Cardellach Francesc , Morén Constanza 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, are heterogeneous disorders with multifactorial nature involving impaired bioenergetics; that are on the rise with the increasing global population and average lifespan. Without definite therapeutic options, both stem regenerative medicine and bioenergetics have been proposed as promising therapeutic targets in the neurologic field. The rationale of the present study was to assess human derived adipose stem cells (hASC) potential to transdifferentiate into neuronal-like cells (NhASC and neurospheres), as well as to explore hASC bioenergetic profile. Methods: To this purpose, hASC derived from the forearm of both healthy controls and clinical diagnosed Parkinson’s disease patients (PD) were included in this study and transdifferentiated through neuronal induction. Results: Morphological, growth features and neuronal protein expression markers of differentiated neuron-like NhASC and neurospheres were achieved. Increased MAP-2 neuronal marker protein expression upon neuronal induction (p<0.05 from undifferentiated hASC vs. 28 and 36 days of differentiation) and increased bIII tubulin neuronal marker protein expression upon neuronal induction (p<0.05 from undifferentiated hASC vs. 6, 28 and 36 days of differentiation) were found. Bioenergetic profile was detectable through high resolution respirometry approaches in hASC but did not lead to differential oxidative capacity rates in healthy or clinical diagnosed PD hASC. Conclusions: We have confirmed the capability of transdifferentiation to neuronal-like profile of hASC derived from the forearem of human subjects and characterized the bioenergetic oxidative profile of hASC. Despite the latter did not lead to significant differential respiration profiles, trends to suboptimal maximal respiratory capacity in PD were found. The neuronal induction leading to positive neuronal protein expression markers is a relevant issue that encourages the suitability of the NhASC models in neurodegeneration.
Tree - Open Grassland Mosaics Drive the Herbaceous Structure and Diversity in Mediterranean Holm Oak Meadows
Authors: Ibañez Mercedes , Chocarro Cristina , Leiva María José , Sebastià Maria Teresa 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Mediterranean holm oak meadows are semi‑natural savannah‑like agroecosystems that result from traditional silvo‑pastoral practices, which shaped these systems into a mosaic of trees and open grassland. However, traditional silvo-pastoral uses are declining with the implications that this may have on the herbaceous layer, a very biodiverse and valuable resource of these systems. Here, we aim at assessing the influence of the tree – open grassland mosaic on the structure, diversity, and composition of the herbaceous layer. Specifically, assessing the canopy effect (a) under representative Iberian canopy types, considering traditional Quercus species stands and Pinus pinea plantations at different locations; and (b) along seasonality. Results: The different components of the herbaceous layer performed differential responses to the presence/absence of tree canopies, as for instance shows the dominance of grasses under the canopy, while legumes and forbs were favoured in the open grassland. Also, there was a certain a reduction in the species richness in P. pinea dominated plots compared to plots dominated by Quercus species. There was a reduction of the aboveground biomass under the canopy at the more environmentally constrained location. Such canopy effects were generally more pronounced in spring that in autumn.Conclusion: It is highly advisable preserve the tree – open grassland mosaic and traditional Quercus species stands to maximize and preserve plant specific and functional diversity. The the optimum tree coverage might be dependent, not only on the primary ecosystem service (i. e. forage provision), but also on local conditions.
Factors Influencing Decision-Making of Terminally Ill Cancer Patients and Their Families Regarding Where to Stay and Receive Final-Month Care: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Eriko Hayashi , Fumiyasu Fukano , Hideki Onishi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:Advance care planning is essential for a better terminal phase, although many patients do not make a choice regarding the place of receiving terminal care even one month before the expected end of life. This study explores the factors that influence patients with a life-expectancy of less than one month when they are admitted to the palliative care ward or other terminal care institutions.Methods: Self-administered questionnaire surveys were completed by patients and caregiver questionnaire surveys were completed by patients and caregivers. We assessed patient symptoms using Support Team Assessment Schedule-Japan (STAS-J), and all patients’ families answered the self-reported questionnaire, Caregiver Reaction Assessment-Japan (CRA-J).Results: The family care burden score for “Impact on schedule” was significantly higher for the palliative care ward inpatient group than for the non-inpatient group (21.0±1.5 vs. 17.6±1.8; ρ <0.01).Conclusions: Family burden might influence the choice of facility when patients with a survival prognosis of less than one month are admitted to the palliative care ward for reducing the burden of long-term care. Nurses should take care of family caregiver’s physical and psychosocial health, especially before the patient’s admission to the palliative care ward. The results of this study show that caregiver support is needed to reduce the feeling of family burden related to impact on schedule, enabling them to choose the best place for terminal care.
The rumen microbiome of yak co-evolves with its host probably adding the adaptation to its harsh environments
Authors: Zhao Congcong , Wang Lamei , Ke Shanlin , Chen Xinhua , Kenéz Ákos , Xu Wei , Wang Dangdang , Zhang Fan , Li Yong , Cui Zhanhong , Qiao Yu , Wang Jing , Sun Wenjuan , Zhao Jianhua , Yao Junhu , Yu Zhongtang , Cao Yangchun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Rumen microbes play an important role in ruminant energy supply and animal performance. Previous studies showed that yak (Bos grunniens) rumen microbiome and fermentation differ from other ruminants. However, little is understood on the features of the rumen microbiome that make yak adapted to its unique environmental and dietary conditions. Here we investigated the rumen microbiome and metabolome to understand how yak adapts to the coarse forage and harsh environment in the high Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.
Result

Metataxonomic analysis of the rumen microbiota revealed that yak (Bos grunniens), domesticated cattle (Bos taurus), and dzo (a hybrid between the yak and domestic cattle) have distinct rumen microbiota. Metagenomic analysis displayed a larger gene pool encoding a richer repertoire of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in the rumen microbiome of yak and dzo than cattle. Some of the genes encoding glycoside hydrolases (GH) that mediate the digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose were significantly enriched in the rumen of yak than cattle, but the cattle rumen microbiome had more genes assigned to GH57 that primarily includes amylases. The rumen fermentation profile differed also, with cattle having a higher molar proportion of acetate but a lower molar proportion of propionate than dzo and yak. Metabolomic analysis showed differences in both rumen microbial metabolic pathways and metabolites, mainly amino acids, carboxylic acids, sugars, and bile acids. Notably, styrene degradation, primary bile acid biosynthesis, glyoxylate, and dicarboxylate metabolism significantly differed between cattle and dzo; streptomycin biosynthesis was significantly different between cattle and yak; and the pathways for biotin metabolism and styrene degradation significantly differed between dzo and yak. Correlation analysis revealed certain microbial species correlated with differential rumen metabolites. Nine differential metabolites showed a positive correlation with seven species belonging to Bacteroides and Alistipes but a negative correlation with ten species belonging to Prevotella and Ruminococcus.
Conclusion

The present study showed that the rumen microbiome of yak and its host had probably co-evolved aiding in the adaptation of yak to the harsh dietary environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. In particular, the yak rumen microbiome has more enzymes involved in the degradation of rough forage than that of cattle, providing sufficient energy for its host.
Prognostic Value of High-sensitivity Cardiac Troponin in Non-cardiac Surgical Patients in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Sivarajah Jitain , Toolis Michael , Seminoff Samantha , Smith Jesse , Bhalla Vikram , Paul Eldho , Tiruvoipati Ravindranath 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Type II myocardial injury following surgical procedures is associated with adverse outcomes. The prognostic value of prognostic value of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) due to type II myocardial injury in surgical patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess prognostic value of hs-cTn in type II acute myocardial injury in noncardiac surgical patients requiring post-operative ICU admission.Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients admitted to two level III ICUs following surgery and had hs-cTn measured on the day of ICU admission. Patients who had type I acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during their admission were excluded from the study. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included ICU mortality, ICU length of stay (LOS) and hospital LOS.Results: A total of 420 patients were included. On univariable analysis, higher hs-cTn was associated with increased hospital mortality (14.6% vs 6.3%, p = 0.008), ICU LOS (41.1, vs 25 hours, p = 0.004) and hospital LOS (253 hours vs 193 hours, p = 0.02). On multivariable analysis, hs-cTn was not independently associated with increased risk of hospital mortality. However, in patients who had elective surgery, hs-cTn was associated with increased risk (OR 1.048; 95% CI 1.004-1.094; p = 0.031) of hospital morality with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.753 (95% CI 0.598- 0.908).Conclusions: In elective surgical patients, hs-cTn was associated with increased risk of mortality. Larger multicentre studies are required to confirm this association that may assist in risk stratification of elective surgical patients requiring ICU admission.
Hypothermia Protects Against Ischemic Stroke Through Peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor Gamma
Authors: Jia Feng , Shao Shuai , Chen Yanlin , Zhang Jiansong , Dilirebati Dilimulati , Chen Kui , Zhang Xiaohua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: IS (ischemic stroke) remains to be a global public health burden and urgently demands novel strategies. Hypothermia plays a beneficial role in central nervous system diseases. However, the function of hypothermia in IS has not been elucidated. Here we demonstrated the role of hypothermia in IS and explore the mechanism.Methods: IS phenotype was detected by infarct size and infarct volume as well as brain edema in mice. The neuroinflammation was evaluated by activation of microglial cells and expression of inflammatory genes after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). The apoptosis of neuronal cells was assessed by Tunnel staining, expression of Cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2, cell viability, and LDH release after I/R and OGD/R. Blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability was calculated by Evans blue extravasation, the expression of tight junction proteins and MMP-9, cell viability, and LDH release after I/R and OGD/R. The expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor gamma (PPARγ) was detected by western blotting after I/R and OGD/R.Results：Hypothermia significantly reduced the infarct size and infarct volume as well as brain edema after ischemia/reperfusion. Consistency, hypothermia induced attenuated neuroinflammation, apoptosis of neuronal cells, and BBB disruption after I/R and OGD/R. Mechanistic studies revealed that hypothermia protected against IS by upregulating the expression of PPARγ in microglial cells, the effect of hypothermia was reversed by GW9662, a PPARγ inhibitor. Conclusions：Our data showed that hypothermia inhibited the activation of microglial cells and microglial cell-mediated neuroinflammation by upregulating the expression of PPARγ in microglial cells. Targeting hypothermia may be a feasible approach for IS treatment.
Adherence to Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Obesity Among Iranian Adults: Yazd Health Study-TAMYZ and Shahedieh Cohort Study
Authors: khorasani sahar sarkhosh , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Mozaffari-Khosravi Hassan , Mirzaei Masoud , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Data demonstrated a relationship between obesity and increasing the risk of mortality and morbidity of chronic diseases. Inconsistent data regarding the association between adherence of Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and obesity is identified. Thus, this study intends to address this relationship among a large sample of both urban and suburb areas of Iranian adults.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by 10693 participants of Shahedieh cohort study (n=3943) and TAghzieh Mardom-e-Yazd (TAMYZ) which was conducted on Yazd Health Study participants, (n=6750) living in urban and suburb areas. Dietary intake was assessed by using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). In all participants, anthropometric indices including body mass index were measured. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to assess the relationship of HEI-2015 with obesity.Results: No significant association was found between adherence to the HEI-2015 diet and odds of general and central obesity. Conclusions: Our findings showed adherence to HEI-2015 might have no protective effect on odds of general obesity. Also, in suburb region and whole population of both urban and suburb regions greater compliance of men to HEI-2015 diet might have a positive effect on odds of central obesity. Moreover, in suburb area participants in the highest quintile significantly were smoker and had higher level of SES. Finally, the casual effect of HEI-2015 on obesity needs to be investigated further in prospective studies and among different populations.
Putative Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroprotective Cerebrosides and Their Docking Studies on Acetyl Cholinesterase Enzyme Inhibition for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: KHALIVULLA SHAIK IBRAHIM , Mallikarjuna Kokkanti 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Dementia disease is characterised by neuropsychiatric disturbances due to lack of proper synaptic communication between neurons causing the cognitive behavioural problems. The Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in elderly population is one of the several forms of Dementia. Recent data by World Health Organisation indicates that nearly 10 million people are getting dementia every year, of which 60-70% accounts for AD. The etiology of AD involves the formation of amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary Tau tangles in the brain resulting in the death of neural cells. There is no permanent solution for AD treatment, except the FDA approved drugs like galantamine, donepezil, rivastigmine and memantine that are normally associated with side effects. At this juncture, cerebrosides, the natural secondary metabolites identified from different taxa with potential neuroprotective effects offer a promising scope for the treatment of AD. In this paper, cerebrosides reported from all taxa are pooled up along with their functions and listed. The review of literature revealed that Cerebrosides can increase the cognitive functions by regulating or interacting with the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) calcium ion (Ca2+) channels at post-synaptic receptor; nitric oxide (NO); Bcl2, Bax, amyloid precursor (APP) and Tau proteins; brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP- response element-binding proteins (CREB).This indicates that the Cerebrosides could be potential therapeutic agents for the protection of neurons involved in neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer’s disease. The current neuroprotective drugs are AChE inhibitors; hence, in the present investigation, in silico molecular docking study on cerebrosides for the inhibition of AChE was assessed to find out their capacity to interact with an active catalytic site of AChE. The results of present investigation revealed that all 22 cerebrosides selected for this work interacted with catalytic active site of AChE measured in terms of Gibbs free binding energy. Of all the cerebrosides assessed, compound 6 exhibited strong interaction, followed by 15. This is the first report of molecular docking study on cerebrosides for AChE enzyme inhibition for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Nevertheless, detailed in vitro and in vivo, biochemical and molecular investigations are needed to bring them to useful form.