bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bullying in Students with Special Education Needs and Learning Difficulties: The Role of the Student–Teacher Relationship Quality and Students’ Social Status in the Peer Group
Authors: Berchiatti Martina , Ferrer Antonio , Galiana Laura , Badenes-Ribera Laura , Longobardi Claudio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Children with Special Education Needs and Learning Difficulties are at risk of being excluded, or bullied because of their impairments. Within the bullying literature, two variables have been shown to be key in terms of its predictions: student–teacher relationship and students’ social status among peers.

Objective
The aim of this research was to assess the association between the student–teacher relationship and students’ social status in the peer group and bullying dimensions in children with SEN, LD, and typical development.

Method
A total of 320 children—55 with LD, 46 with SEN, and 219 in the control group – participated in the study, with a mean age of 11.04 (SD = 1.42), and 59.7% of whom were male. The model tested showed a good fit: χ2 (40) = 102.395, p < .001, CFI = .940, RMSEA = .070 [90% CI = .054, .088].

Results
Main findings show that children with SEN and LD had more difficulties in social participation and might be at higher risk of being bullied, compared with their classmates.

Conclusions
This study offers evidence on bullying in children with SEN and LD and its association with both relationship with teacher and students’ social status. For teachers, results highlight peculiarities and possible problems of school inclusion of children with SEN and LD. For educational researchers, findings add knowledge on literature focused on bullying in children with difficulties.
Arresting metastasis within the microcirculation
Authors: Varotsos Vrynas Angelos , Perea Paizal Julia , Bakal Chris , Au Sam H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe behaviour of circulating tumour cells in the microcirculation remains poorly understood. Growing evidence suggests that biomechanical adaptations and interactions with blood components, i.e. immune cells and platelets within capillary beds, may add more complexity to CTCs journey towards metastasis. Revisiting how these mediators impact the ability of circulating tumour cells to survive and metastasise, will be vital to understand the role of microcirculation and advance our knowledge on metastasis.
Determination of fracture energy (mode I) in the inverse fiber metal laminates using experimental–numerical approach
Authors: Duda Sz. , Smolnicki M. , Osiecki T. , Lesiuk G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFiber metal laminates (FML) are hybrid materials consisting of metal and composite layers. They have great mechanical and fatigue properties. However, interface between metal and composite layers can be critical for their final properties. In this paper, process of determination of some fracture parameters of this interface in unusual FML material is described. Experimental tests following ASTM norm were conducted using Double Cantilever Beam (DCB). However, due to asymmetry, fracture energy cannot be obtained directly from the force–displacement curve. Finite element method simulations were carried out using cohesive elements and cohesive surfaces approach. The cohesive behavior of interface layers were modelled using traction separation law. Key properties of this law were obtained—maximal traction and fracture energy. In this particular case cohesive approach was better in reflecting experimental results. Determined values can be used in later research tasks (like modelling big structures containing this material) as material properties. The presented approach can be used successfully to obtain fracture energy in cases of materials for which standard approach is insufficient.
Immunomodulatory properties of characellide A on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Marcella Simone , Afoullouss Sam , Thomas Olivier P. , Allcock A. Louise , Murphy Paul V. , Loffredo Stefania 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMarine sponges and their associated microbiota are multicellular animals known to produce metabolites with interesting pharmacological properties playing a pivotal role against a plethora of pathologic disorders such as inflammation, cancer and infections. Characellide A and B belong to a novel class of glycolipopeptides isolated from the deep sea marine spongeCharacella pachastrelloides. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of characellide A and B on cytokine and chemokine release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Characellide A induces a concentration- and time-dependent CXCL8, IL-6 and TNF-α release from PBMC. This production is mediated by the induction of gene transcription. Moreover, cytokine/chemokine release induced by characellide A from PBMC is CD1d-dependent because a CD1d antagonist, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane [DPPE]-polyethylene glycolmonomethylether [PEG], specifically inhibits characellide A-induced activation of PBMC. In conclusion, characellide A is a novel modulator of adaptative/innate immune responses. Further studies are needed to understand its potential pharmacological application.
Chaos for communication
Authors: Baptista Murilo S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work shows that chaotic signals with different power spectrum and different positive Lyapunov exponents are robust to linear superposition, meaning that the superposition preserves the Lyapunov exponents and the information content of the source signals, even after being transmitted over non-ideal physical medium. This work tackles with great detail how chaotic signals and their information content are affected when travelling through medium that presents the non-ideal properties of multi-path propagation, noise and chaotic interference (linear superposition), and how this impacts on the proposed communication system. Physical media with other non-ideal properties (dispersion and interference with periodic signals) are also discussed. These wonderful properties that chaotic signals have allow me to propose a novel communication system based on chaos, where information composed from and to multiple users each operating with different base frequencies and that is carried by chaotic wavesignals, can be fully preserved after transmission in the open air wireless physical medium, and it can be trivially decoded with low probability of errors.
A numerical method for the approximation of stable and unstable manifolds of microscopic simulators
Authors: Siettos Constantinos , Russo Lucia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe address a numerical methodology for the approximation of coarse-grained stable and unstable manifolds of saddle equilibria/stationary states of multiscale/stochastic systems for which a macroscopic description does not exist analytically in a closed form. Thus, the underlying hypothesis is that we have a detailed microscopic simulator (Monte Carlo, molecular dynamics, agent-based model etc.) that describes the dynamics of the subunits of a complex system (or a black-box large-scale simulator) but we do not have explicitly available a dynamical model in a closed form that describes the emergent coarse-grained/macroscopic dynamics. Our numerical scheme is based on the equation-free multiscale framework, and it is a three-tier procedure including (a) the convergence on the coarse-grained saddle equilibrium, (b) its coarse-grained stability analysis, and (c) the approximation of the local invariant stable and unstable manifolds; the later task is achieved by the numerical solution of a set of homological/functional equations for the coefficients of a polynomial approximation of the manifolds.
Even if it might not be true, evidence cannot be false
Authors: Littlejohn Clayton , Dutant Julien 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWordly internalists claim that while internal duplicates always share the same evidence, our evidence includes non-trivial propositions about our environment. It follows that some evidence is false. Worldly internalism is thought to provide a more satisfying answer to scepticism than classical internalist views that deny that these propositions about our environment might belong to our evidence and to provide a generally more attractive account of rationality and reasons for belief. We argue that worldly internalism faces serious difficulties and that its apparent advantages are illusory. First, it cannot adequately handle some not terribly strange cases of perceptual error. Second, it cannot explain why one should plan to use their evidence to update their beliefs. The second issue allows us to explain why cases of misplaced certainty do not require us to introduce false evidence into our views and that why the alleged advantage of worldly internalism in resisting sceptical pressures is illusory.
Immigrant-native differences in long-term self-employment
Authors: Aldén Lina , Bastani Spencer , Hammarstedt Mats , Miao Chizheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study immigrant-native differences in long-term self-employment in Sweden combining population-wide register data and a unique survey targeting a large representative sample of the total population of long-term self-employment. Using the registers, we analyze the evolution of labor and capital incomes during the first 10 years following self-employment entry. We find that immigrant-native differences in labor income become smaller, whereas immigrant-native differences in capital income grow stronger, over the course of self-employment. These findings are robust to controlling for factors such as organizational form and type of industry. We use the survey data to gain further insights into immigrant-native differences among the long-term self-employed, and show that immigrant self-employed experience more problems and earn less, but work harder than native self-employed. They also have a less personal relation to their customers, do not enjoy their work as much as natives, and appear to have different perspectives on self-employment in general.
The influence of exocyclic lone pairs on the bonding and geometry of type A mesoionic rings
Authors: Ramsden Christopher Antony , Oziminski Wojciech Piotr 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBased on structures determined by X-ray crystallography, ab initio MP2 calculations on type A mesoionic rings give geometries in good agreement with observed values. A study of four mesoionic ring systems, each with exocyclic oxygen, nitrogen or carbon groups, shows that the presence and configuration of exocyclic lone pairs significantly influences the geometry and configurational preference. Using a localised bond model and NBO analysis, these effects are rationalised in terms of an anomeric interaction of lone pairs with the antibonding orbitals of adjacent σ bonds. In agreement with experiment, similar effects are calculated for pyran-2-imines.
Approaching probabilistic and deterministic nomic truths in an inductive probabilistic way
Authors: Kuipers Theo A. F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTheories of truth approximation in terms of truthlikeness (or verisimilitude) almost always deal with (non-probabilistically) approaching deterministic truths, either actual or nomic. This paper deals first with approaching a probabilistic nomic truth, viz. a true probability distribution. It assumes a multinomial probabilistic context, hence with a lawlike true, but usually unknown, probability distribution. We will first show that this true multinomial distribution can be approached by Carnapian inductive probabilities. Next we will deal with the corresponding deterministic nomic truth, that is, the set of conceptually possible outcomes with a positive true probability. We will introduce Hintikkian inductive probabilities, based on a prior distribution over the relevant deterministic nomic theories and on conditional Carnapian inductive probabilities, and first show that they enable again probabilistic approximation of the true distribution. Finally, we will show, in terms of a kind of success theorem, based on Niiniluoto’s estimated distance from the truth, in what sense Hintikkian inductive probabilities enable the probabilistic approximation of the relevant deterministic nomic truth. In sum, the (realist) truth approximation perspective on Carnapian and Hintikkian inductive probabilities leads to the unification of the inductive probability field and the field of truth approximation.
Learning to Caricature via Semantic Shape Transform
Authors: Chu Wenqing , Hung Wei-Chih , Tsai Yi-Hsuan , Chang Yu-Ting , Li Yijun , Cai Deng , Yang Ming-Hsuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCaricature is an artistic drawing created to abstract or exaggerate facial features of a person. Rendering visually pleasing caricatures is a difficult task that requires professional skills, and thus it is of great interest to design a method to automatically generate such drawings. To deal with large shape changes, we propose an algorithm based on a semantic shape transform to produce diverse and plausible shape exaggerations. Specifically, we predict pixel-wise semantic correspondences and perform image warping on the input photo to achieve dense shape transformation. We show that the proposed framework is able to render visually pleasing shape exaggerations while maintaining their facial structures. In addition, our model allows users to manipulate the shape via the semantic map. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a large photograph-caricature benchmark dataset with comparisons to the state-of-the-art methods.
What’s in a name? From “fluctuation fit” to “conformational selection”: rediscovery of a concept
Authors: Orosz Ferenc , Vértessy Beáta G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRediscoveries are not rare in biology. A recent example is the re-birth of the "fluctuation fit" concept developed by F. B. Straub and G. Szabolcsi in the sixties of the last century, under various names, the most popular of which is the "conformational selection". This theory offers an alternative to the "induced fit" concept by Koshland for the interpretation of the mechanism of protein—ligand interactions. A central question is whether the ligand induces a conformational change (as described by the induced fit model) or rather selects and stabilizes a complementary conformation from a pre-existing equilibrium of various states of the protein (according to the fluctuation fit/conformational selection model). Straub and Szabolcsi’s role and the factors hindering the spread of the fluctuation fit theory are discussed in the context of the history of the Hungarian biology in the 1950s and 1960s.
The Emergence and Revival of Charismatic Movements
Authors: Andrews-Lee Caitlin 
Published: July 2021

Political movements founded by charismatic leaders are often considered ephemeral. Existing literature argues that because they rest on unmediated, emotional attachments between leaders and followers, these movements either fade quickly after their leaders disappear or transform into routinized parties. Yet, charismatic movements around the world have proven surprisingly resilient and have retained their personalistic core. Focusing on Argentine Peronism and Venezuelan Chavismo, this book investigates the nature and trajectory of charismatic movements from the perspectives of both leaders and followers. Using interviews, focus groups, and survey experiments, Caitlin Andrews-Lee reveals that charismatic movements can emerge, survive, and become politically revived by sustaining - not discarding - their personalistic character. Followers' charismatic attachments to the movement founder can develop into an enduring, deeply affective political identity that successors can reactivate under certain conditions by portraying themselves as symbolic reincarnations of the founder. Consequently, charismatic movements can have lasting, deleterious effects on democracy. Also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Design and development of a backstepping controller autopilot for fixed-wing UAVs
Authors: Sartori D. , Quagliotti F. , Rutherford M.J. , Valavanis K.P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackstepping represents a promising control law for fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Its non-linearity and its adaptation capabilities guarantee adequate control performance over the whole flight envelope, even when the aircraft model is affected by parametric uncertainties. In the literature, several works apply backstepping controllers to various aspects of fixed-wing UAV flight. Unfortunately, many of them have not been implemented in a real-time controller, and only few attempt simultaneous longitudinal and lateral–directional aircraft control. In this paper, an existing backstepping approach able to control longitudinal and lateral–directional motions is adapted for the definition of a control strategy suitable for small UAV autopilots. Rapidly changing inner-loop variables are controlled with non-adaptive backstepping, while slower outer loop navigation variables are Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controlled. The controller is evaluated through numerical simulations for two very diverse fixed-wing aircraft performing complex manoeuvres. The controller behaviour with model parametric uncertainties or in presence of noise is also tested. The performance results of a real-time implementation on a microcontroller are evaluated through hardware-in-the-loop simulation.
Continuous flow analysis methods for sodium, magnesium and calcium detection in the Skytrain ice core
Authors: Grieman Mackenzie M. , Hoffmann Helene M. , Humby Jack D. , Mulvaney Robert , Nehrbass-Ahles Christoph , Rix Julius , Thomas Elizabeth R. , Tuckwell Rebecca , Wolff Eric W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDissolved and particulate sodium, magnesium and calcium are analyzed in ice cores to determine past changes in sea ice extent, terrestrial dust variability and atmospheric aerosol transport efficiency. They are also used to date ice cores if annual layers are visible. Multiple methods have been developed to analyze these important compounds in ice cores. Continuous flow analysis (CFA) is implemented with instruments that sample the meltstream continuously. In this study, CFA with ICP-MS (inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry) and fast ion chromatography (FIC) methods are compared for analysis of sodium and magnesium. ICP-MS, FIC and fluorescence methods are compared for analysis of calcium. Respective analysis of a 10 m section of the Antarctic WACSWAIN Skytrain Ice Rise ice core shows that all of the methods result in similar levels of the compounds. The ICP-MS method is the most suitable for analysis of the Skytrain ice core due to its superior precision (relative standard deviation: 1.6% for Na, 1.3% for Mg and 1.2% for Ca) and sampling frequency compared to the FIC method. The fluorescence detection method may be preferred for calcium analysis due to its higher depth resolution (1.4 cm) relative to the ICP-MS and FIC methods (~4 cm).
ON -AMENABILITY OF DUAL BANACH ALGEBRAS
Authors: JABERI ALIREZA , MAHMOODI AMIN 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGeneralising the concept of injectivity, we study the notion of
$\varphi $
-injectivity for dual Banach algebras. It provides a framework for studying
$\varphi $
-amenability of enveloping dual Banach algebras.
John Pym and Libellous Politics in Early Civil War England
Authors: Fullerton Samuel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article explores the royalist libels that afflicted the parliamentarian leader John Pym during the early 1640s to argue that the period marked an important turning point in English libellous politics. First, like many of the political libels circulating in early Civil War England, royalist attacks against Pym transitioned unsteadily from manuscript to cheap print and then finally into official court-sponsored publications throughout the period as contemporaries grew more comfortable with openly libellous language. That medial transformation, in turn, was informed by a broader personalization of politics that drew on early Stuart modes of ‘politic thinking’ to frame the nascent military conflict as a battle of rival political personalities. Both contexts informed the creation and dissemination of the most vicious anti-Pym libel of the period: an allegation that Pym's mother had once committed the act of bestiality with a horse, and that Pym himself was the miscegenated result of their illicit union. Rather than a spurious invention, moreover, the horse libel in fact possessed tangible roots in an embarrassing episode of Pym's family history thirty years prior. Consequently, it demonstrates the importance of oral and scribal transmission alike in shaping and sustaining the vitriolic libellous politics of early Civil War England.
The impact of lifestyle and socioeconomic parameters on body fat level in early childhood
Authors: Kryst Łukasz , Żegleń Magdalena , Artymiak Paulina , Kowal Małgorzata , Woronkowicz Agnieszka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the differences between selected lifestyle and socioeconomic parameters among preschool (3–7 years of age) children of differing adiposity status. The study was conducted from February to June 2018 in 20 randomly selected kindergartens in Kraków, Poland. Triceps, biceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal and calf skinfold thicknesses were measured. The sum of all six skinfolds was calculated and the children were subsequently characterized by low (≤–1 SD [standard deviation]), normal (–1 to 1 SD) or high body fat (≥1 SD). Socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics were obtained using a questionnaire filled out by the children’s parents or legal guardians. Preschool children in the high adiposity category had, on average, fewer siblings and longer screen time; additionally, their parents had lower education and more often worked in manual jobs, in comparison to the children in the low and average adiposity categories. In conclusion, it was observed that children in different adiposity categories varied in terms of some socioeconomic as well as lifestyle characteristics. Knowledge regarding the influence that those factors can have on the metabolic health of children is essential for children’s present as well as future well-being. Moreover, it can help health care professionals and parents decide what intervention and/ or preventive measures should be undertaken to ensure the best possible outcomes, as the development of successful obesity prevention strategies should rely on evidence-based information. Nonetheless, future research examining the issue of factors influencing the metabolic health of children, as well as these outcomes later in life, is crucial. Well-planned studies including a large number of individuals, as well as longitudinal research, will be particularly beneficial in this regard.