bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative outcomes of flexible ureteroscopy and mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy for pediatric kidney stones larger than 2 cm
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Jun , Jiao Jian Wei , Tian Ye 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo compare the outcomes of flexible ureteroscopy and mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy for pediatric kidney stones larger than 2 cm and to show the learning curves for the two procedures.MethodsA prospectively managed database containing pediatric patients with kidney stones larger than 2 cm from June 2014 to October 2019 was analyzed. The primary outcomes were the efficacy and safety of flexible ureteroscopy and mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Data on patient demographics, treatment details, stone‐free rate, and complication rate were collected and compared. Learning curves were generated to estimate the effect of the surgeon’s experience on surgical outcomes.ResultsThe final analysis included 113 pediatric patients who underwent surgery for kidney stones on a total of 126 sides. The stone‐free rates for mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy and flexible ureteroscopy were 80.9% (34/42) and 79.7% (67/84), respectively (P = 0.19). The complication rates for mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy and flexible ureteroscopy were 52.5% (21/40) and 27.4% (27/73), respectively (P = 0.01). When stone mass was considered, the stone‐free rates for mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy and flexible ureteroscopy for stones with a high mass (>5000 HU*cm2) were 83.3% (20/24) and 55.5% (10/18), respectively (P = 0.04). The learning curves showed that the stone‐free rates for both mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy and flexible ureteroscopy increased with the accumulation of cases. A higher stone‐free rate could be achieved after approximately 20 mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy cases and after approximately 50 flexible ureteroscopy cases.ConclusionsFlexible ureteroscopy has an acceptable stone‐free rate and a lower complication rate than mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy when treating pediatric kidney stones larger than 2 cm. Mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy is more applicable to stones with a high mass. The stone‐free rates achieved after both mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy and flexible ureteroscopy could be improved with number of cases accumulated.
Determining the association between the type of intervention for ischaemic heart disease and mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Jeyaruban Andrew , Hoy Wendy , Cameron Anne L. , Healy Helen G. , Wang Zaimin , Zhang Jenny , Mallett Andrew 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAssociation between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is well known. Clinically, because of the use of intra‐arterial contrast, coronary angiograms are sometimes not performed to avoid further deterioration in kidney function among CKD patients.AimsTo identify whether intervention for non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is associated with increased mortality or further renal deterioration.MethodsA retrospective observational cohort study involving 144 patients with a diagnosis of IHD in the CKD.QLD registry from May 2011 to August 2017, with a minimum of 2‐years follow up, was undertaken. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they obtained an interventional or medical management for NSTEMI.ResultsFifty‐nine patients had medically managed and 85 patients had intervention for IHD. Patients in the medically managed group were observed to be significantly older (median: 78 vs 69 years; P < 0.05) with worse baseline renal function (median: 31 vs 36 mL/min/1.73 m2; P <0.05) and higher serum urate level (median: 0.5 vs 0.4 mmol/L; P = 0.2). The interventional group had lower prevalence of diabetes, dyslipidaemia, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease. Although this was not significant, Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a significant decrease in mean survival of medically managed group compared with the interventional group. Furthermore, post adjustment for age and above comorbidities, the medically managed group and higher age were associated with significantly higher mortality. However, the patients in the medically managed and interventional groups had no significant difference in delta estimated glomerular filtration rate.ConclusionsIn this observational study, intervention for IHD was associated with increased survival with no change in renal disease progression in comparison with medically managed patients.
COVID‐19 end‐of‐life care: symptoms and supportive therapy use in an Australian hospital
Authors: Wong Aaron K. , Demediuk Lucy , Tay Jia Y. , Wawryk Olivia , Collins Anna , Everitt Rachel , Philip Jennifer , Buising Kirsty , Le Brian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDescriptions of symptoms and medication use at end of life in COVID‐19 are limited to small cross‐sectional studies, with no Australian longitudinal data.AimsTo describe end‐of‐life symptoms and care needs of people dying of COVID‐19.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included consecutive admitted patients who died at a Victorian tertiary referral hospital from 1 January to 30 September directly due to COVID‐19. Clinical characteristics, symptoms and use of supportive therapies, including medications and non‐pharmacological interventions in the last 3 days of life were extracted.ResultsThe cohort comprised 58 patients (median age 87 years, interquartile range (IQR) 81–90) predominantly admitted from home (n = 30), who died after a median of 11 days (IQR 6–28) in the acute medical (n = 31) or aged care (n = 27) wards of the hospital. The median Charlson Comorbidity Score was 7 (IQR 5–8). Breathlessness (n = 42), agitation (n = 36) and pain (n = 33) were the most frequent clinician‐reported symptoms in the final 3 days of life, with most requiring opioids (n = 52), midazolam (n = 40), with dose escalation commonly being required. While oxygen therapy was commonly used (n = 47), few (n = 13) required an anti‐secretory agent.ConclusionsThis study presents one of the first and largest Australian report of the end of life and symptom experience of people dying of COVID‐19. This information should help clinicians to anticipate palliative care needs of these patients, for example, recognising that higher starting doses of opioids and sedatives may help reduce prevalence and severity of breathlessness and agitation near death.
A call to action: Online learning and distance education in the training of couple and family therapists
Authors: Harrison Kristi L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDistance education in couple and family therapy (CFT) has grown in recent years; however, due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, many CFT educators find themselves delivering emergency online education out of necessity and for the first time. Despite the growth of distance learning over the last decade, there is virtually no CFT scholarship on the topic. Comparable disciplines, including social work and professional counseling, are further along in researching distance learning. Outside of the counseling disciplines, there is also ample scholarship guiding the delivery of distance education. This article builds on the small body of CFT scholarship on technology in training and supervision, reviewing extant research on distance learning in social work and counselor education. Major themes in this research reveal opportunities and challenges associated with distance learning and offer guidance about ways that CFT education can evolve in order to effectively integrate technology and online learning into our educational landscape.
The modernity/coloniality of love: Individualist lifeways and charismatic christianity in Ghanaian worlds
Authors: Osei‐Tutu Annabella , Adams Glenn , Esiaka Darlingtina , Dzokoto Vivian A. , Affram Adjeiwa Akosua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA manifestation of coloniality in psychological science concerns the modern individualist lifeways that inform mainstream research. We report results of a multi‐method research project that investigated implications of these ways of being for the experience of love in Ghanaian settings. In particular, we investigated the hypothesis that engagement with Pentecostal Charismatic Churches (PCCs)—an important carrier of individualist lifeways in many West African settings—would be associated with a growth orientation to love as a means for mutual self‐expansion and fulfillment. In Study 1 (n = 61), growth themes and a conception of love as feeling were more evident, but sustainability themes and a conception of love as doing less evident, in interview responses of participants who reported engagement with PCCs versus Traditional Western Mission Churches (TWMCs). In Study 2 (n = 1120), family obligation, relationship harmony, and (among participants who reported daily church attendance) perception of a social norm to prioritize mother over spouse were weaker for members of PCCs than TWMCs. Results help to reveal the colonial dark side of the modern individualist lifeways that mainstream research tends to regard as a just‐natural standard.
First detailed insights into the life‐history traits of the alien shrimpAthanas nitescens(Decapoda: Alpheidae) in the western Atlantic
Authors: Pescinelli Régis A. , Mantelatto Fernando L. , Almeida Alexandre O. , Costa Rogerio C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInformation on the population biology of alien species in non‐natural areas is essential to understanding their impacts on native species. Here, we investigated the life‐history traits, the propagule pressure and the supply potential ofAthanasnitescensin a non‐native area. Sampling was monthly performed from April 2015 to March 2016 in an inter‐tidal estuary in the south‐eastern Brazilian coast. The population had a female‐biased sex ratio with a predominance of ovigerous females. Sexual dimorphism was evidenced by the mean body size and the positive allometry of chelipeds in males and of the second pleonal pleuron in females, evidencing an energy allocation to weaponry body structures and reproduction, respectively. The estimated size at which 50% of females reach functional sexual maturity was 3.3 mm of carapace length. The mean fecundity, 117 ± 40.03 eggs/female (53–263), had a positive correlation with the carapace length. The egg volume increased (83%) from the initial to the final stage of development. The presence of females carrying eggs in different stages of development indicates thatA. nitescensis completing its life cycle in the studied region and shows a high propagule pressure. We provided the first insights into the biology ofA. nitescensin Brazilian waters after the first record in 2009 in São Paulo coast, contributing to a better understanding of its biology and ecology in non‐natural areas.
Host preferences of coexisting Perkinsea parasitoids during coastal dinoflagellate blooms
Authors: Reñé Albert , Timoneda Natàlia , Sampedro Nagore , Alacid Elisabet , Gallisai Rachele , Gordi Jordina , Fernández‐Valero Alan D. , Pernice Massimo C. , Flo Eva , Garcés Esther 
Published: March 2021

AbstractParasites in aquatic systems are highly diverse and ubiquitous. In marine environments, parasite‐host interactions contribute substantially to shaping microbial communities, but their nature and complexity remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the relationship between Perkinsea parasitoids and bloom‐forming dinoflagellate species. Our aim was to determine whether parasite‐host species interactions are specific and whether the diversity and distribution of parasitoids are shaped by their dinoflagellate hosts. Several locations along the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean Sea) were sampled during the blooms of five dinoflagellate species and the diversity of Perkinsea was determined by combining cultivation‐based methods with metabarcoding of the V4 region of 18S rDNA. Most known species of Parviluciferaceae, and others not yet described, were detected, some of them coexisting in the same coastal location, and with a wide distribution. The specific parasite‐host interactions determined for each of the studied blooms demonstrated the host preferences exhibited by parasitoids in nature. The dominance of a species within the parasitoid community is driven by the presence and abundances of its preferred host(s). The absence of parasitoid species, often associated with a low abundance of their preferred hosts, suggested that high infection rates are reached only under conditions that favour parasitoid propagation, especially dinoflagellate blooms.
Loss of the metabolism and sleep regulating neuronal populations expressing orexin and oxytocin in the hypothalamus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Gabery Sanaz , Ahmed Rebekah M , Caga Jashelle , Kiernan Matthew C , Halliday Glenda M , Petersén Åsa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsTo determine the underlying cellular changes and clinical correlates associated with pathology of the hypothalamus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as hypothalamic atrophy occurs in the preclinical phase of the disease.MethodsThe hypothalamus was pathologically examined in nine patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in comparison to eight healthy control subjects. The severity of regional atrophy (paraventricular nucleus: PVN, fornix and total hypothalamus) and peptidergic neuronal loss (oxytocin, vasopressin, cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulating transcript: CART, and orexin) was correlated with changes in eating behaviour, sleep function, cognition, behaviour and disease progression.ResultsTar DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) inclusions were present in the hypothalamus of all patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. When compared to controls, there was atrophy of the hypothalamus (average 21% atrophy, p = 0.004), PVN (average 30% atrophy p = 0.014) and a loss of paraventricular oxytocin‐producing neurons (average 49% loss p = 0.02) and lateral hypothalamic orexin‐producing neurons (average 37% loss, significance p = 0.02). Factor analysis identified strong relationships between abnormal eating behaviour, hypothalamic atrophy and loss of orexin‐producing neurons. With increasing disease progression, abnormal sleep behaviour and cognition associated with atrophy of the fornix.ConclusionsSubstantial loss of hypothalamic oxytocin‐producing neurons occurs in ALS, with regional atrophy and the loss of orexin neurons relating to abnormal eating behaviour in ALS. Oxytocin‐ and orexin neurons display TDP43 inclusions. Our study points to significant pathology in the hypothalamus that may play a key role in metabolic and pathogenic changes in ALS.
Molecular and phenotypic evaluation of wheat (Triticum aestivum) containing different combinations of rust resistance genes
Authors: Maré Ansori , Boshoff Willem H. P. , Herselman Liezel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLeaf, stem and stripe rust caused by Puccinia triticina, P. graminis f. sp. tritici and P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, respectively, are common wheat diseases. The deployment of complex rust resistance sources is likely to contribute to their durability. In this study, wheat varieties and experimental plants (F2), with different rust resistance gene combinations, were characterised using molecular markers, phenotypic evaluation and quantification of fungal biomass accumulation. The experimental wheat plants were developed from six donor parental varieties that in combination carry seven known rust resistance genes/quantitative trait loci (QTL). A timeline study revealed that quantification of fungal biomass accumulation for the rusts, 10‐day postinoculation (dpi), can successfully distinguish between resistant and susceptible wheat varieties. Phenotypic evaluation included seedling infection types and adult‐plant response types that were determined 15 dpi. Data obtained from the three methods were in support of each other and in combination successfully distinguished between rust‐resistant and susceptible experimental wheat plants. Resistance genes/QTL evaluated in this study, when deployed in combination, may lower the risk of rust outbreaks.
Bone marrow transplant using fludarabine‐based reduced intensity conditioning regimen with in vivo T cell depletion in patients with Fanconi anemia
Authors: Gorfinkel Lev , Demsky Carolyn , Pashankar Farzana , Kupfer Gary , Shah Niketa C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFA is the most common cause of inherited BMF syndromes. The only cure for BMF in FA remains HSCT. Due to DNA instability in FA, RIC has been used to decrease immediate and late complications of HSCT. Most FA conditioning regimens in mismatched and unrelated donor transplants rely on TBI, which increases the risk of secondary malignancies. Most of the non‐TBI conditioning regimens use an ex vivo T‐cell depletion approach, but this is not feasible at all pediatric stem cell transplant programs. To evaluate the success of HSCT in patients with FA using non‐TBI conditioning regimens with in vivo T‐cell depletion approach. HSCT using non‐TBI based conditioning was performed on two siblings with FA. The first sibling underwent matched unrelated donor transplant with a BM graft using fludarabine, alemtuzumab, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide conditioning and cyclosporine and mycophenolate as GVHD prophylaxis. The second sibling underwent MSD transplant with UCB and BM grafts using similar approach, but without busulfan and mycophenolate. Both siblings had engraftment without signs of acute or chronic GVHD. Acute post‐transplant complications included brief viral reactivations. At last follow‐up, both siblings continued to have full immune reconstitution with stable chimerism. Conditioning regimens without radiation and inclusion of alemtuzumab can lead to successful engraftment without development of GVHD and reduce risk of developing secondary neoplasms, even with unrelated donor transplants.
Perceiving properties versus perceiving objects
Authors: Millar Boyd 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe fact that you see some particular object seems to be due to the causal relation between your visual experience and that object, rather than to your experiences’ phenomenal character. On the one hand, whenever some phenomenal element of your experience stands in the right sort of causal relation to some object, your experience presents that object (your experience's phenomenology does not need tomatchthat object). On the other hand, you cannot have a perceptual experience that presents some object unless you stand in the right sort of causal relation to that object (no matter how closely your experience's phenomenology matches some object). According to thecontinuity thesis, property perception is similar to object perception in these two respects. A standard reason to reject the continuity thesis is the assumption that the environmental properties that a perceptual experience presents are determined by its phenomenal properties (which are not determined by the environmental properties that cause the experience). I maintain that the continuity thesis is false but for a different reason: perceptual experiences present both objects and properties via manners of presentation; but, whereas perceptual manners of presentation for objects are purelyrelational, perceptual manners of presentation for properties aresatisfactional.
Evans on intellectual attention and memory demonstratives
Authors: Fortney Mark 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntellectual attention, such as perceptual attention, is a special mode of mental engagement with the world. When we attend intellectually, rather than making use of sensory information we make use of the kind of information that shows up in occurrent thought, memory, and the imagination. In this paper, I argue that reflecting on what it is like to comprehend memory demonstratives speaks in favor of the view that intellectual attention is required to understand memory demonstratives. Moreover, I argue that this is a line of thought endorsed by Gareth Evans in his Varieties of Reference. In so doing, I improve on interpretations of Evans that have been offered by Christopher Peacocke and Christoph Hoerl & Theresa McCormack. In so doing, I also improve on McDowell's criticism of Peacocke's interpretation of Evans. Like McDowell, I believe that Peacocke might overemphasize the role that “memory images” play in Evans’ account of comprehending memory demonstratives. But unlike McDowell, I provide a positive characterization of how Evans described the phenomenology of comprehending memory demonstratives.
Circular drought‐hardening confers drought tolerance via modulation of the antioxidant defense system, osmoregulation, and gene expression in tobacco
Authors: Khan Rayyan , Ma Xinghua , Zhang Juan , Wu Xiaoying , Iqbal Anas , Wu Yuanhua , Zhou Lei , Wang Shusheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDrought stress hinders the growth and development of crop plants and ultimately its productivity. It is expected that drought stress will be frequent and intense in the future due to drastic changes in the global climate. It is necessary to make crop plants more resilient to drought stress through various techniques; drought‐hardening is one of them. Defining various metabolic strategies used by tobacco plants to confer drought tolerance will be important for maintaining plant physiological functions, but studies addressing this topic are limited. This study was designed to elucidate the drought tolerance and adaptation strategies used by tobacco plants via the application of different circular drought‐hardening cycles (control: no drought‐hardening, T1: one cycle of drought hardening, T2: two cycles of drought‐hardening, and T3: three cycles of drought‐hardening) to two tobacco varieties namely Honghuadajinyuan (H) and Yun Yan‐100 (Y). The results revealed that drought‐hardening decreased the fresh and dry biomass of the tobacco plants. The decrease was more pronounced in the T3 treatment for both H (23 and 29%, respectively) and Y (26 and 31%, respectively) under drought stress. The MDA contents, especially in T1 and T2 in both varieties, were statistically similar compared with control under drought stress. Similarly, higher POD, APX, and GR activities were observed, especially in T3, and elevated amounts of AsA and GSH were also observed among the different circular drought‐hardening treatments under drought stress. Thus circular drought‐hardening mitigated the oxidative damage by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities and elevated the content of antioxidant substances, a key metabolic strategy under drought stress. Similarly, another important plant metabolic strategy is the osmotic adjustment. Different circular drought‐hardening treatments improved the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars contents which contributed to osmoregulation. Finally, at the molecular level, circular drought‐hardening improved the transcript levels of antioxidant enzyme‐related genes (CAT, APX1, and GR2), proline and polyamines biosynthesis‐related genes (P5CS1 and ADC2), and ABA signaling (SnRK2), and transcription factors (AREB1 and WRKY6) in response to drought stress. As a result, circular drought‐hardening (T2 and T3 treatments) promoted tolerance to water stress via affecting the anti‐oxidative capacity, osmotic adjustment, and regulation of gene expression in tobacco.