bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validating a Case Definition for Transgender Adults Using Administrative Data
Authors: Rytz Chantal L. , King James A. , Saad Nathalie , Ronksley Paul E. , Somayaji Ranjani , Raj Satish R. , Dumanski Sandra M. , Newbert Amelia M. , Peace Lindsay D. , Ahmed Sofia B. 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceAdministrative health data serve as promising data sources to study transgender health at a population level in the absence of self-reported gender identity.ObjectiveTo develop and validate case definitions identifying transgender adults in administrative data compared with the reference standard of self-reported gender identity in a universal health care setting.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study conducted in Alberta, Canada, data from provincial administrative health data sources including inpatient hospitalizations, emergency department encounters, primary care visits, prescription drug dispensations, and the provincial health insurance registry were linked and used to develop 15 case definitions (9 for transgender women and 6 for transgender men). Participants aged 18 years or older with a provincial health care number between April 1, 1994, and March 31, 2021, were included and stratified by sex marker (eg, female or male) at study entry. Data analysis was from December 2023 to March 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFor each case definition, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated against the reference standard of self-reported gender identity.ResultsIn this cohort study of 5 375 735 individuals, the reference standard consisted of 141 self-identified transgender women, 174 self-identified transgender men, 111 self-identified cisgender women, and 65 self-identified cisgender men. The final cohort representing transgender women participants who met at least 1 case definition and/or were part of the standard reference totaled 63 977. Combining a case definition employing male sex registry identification and 2 or more dispensations of estrogen or a case definition employing male sex registry identification and at least 1 gender-related diagnostic code demonstrated a sensitivity of 86.6% (95% CI, 79.9%-91.7%), specificity of 62.5% (95% CI, 51.5%-72.6%), PPV of 78.8% (95% CI, 71.6%-85.0%), and NPV of 74.3% (95% CI, 62.8%-83.8%). The final cohort representing transgender men participants who met at least 1 case definition and/or were part of the standard reference totaled 26 852. Combining a case definition employing female sex registry identification and 2 or more dispensations of testosterone or a case definition employing female sex registry identification and at least 1 gender-related diagnostic code demonstrated a sensitivity of 78.2% (95% CI, 71.3%-84.1%), specificity of 89.2% (95% CI, 82.2%-94.1%), PPV of 91.3% (95% CI, 85.5%-95.3%), and NPV of 73.8% (95% CI, 65.8%-80.7%).Conclusion and RelevanceThese findings suggest that case definitions using transgender-related diagnostic codes and gender-affirming hormone prescriptions can be used to study the epidemiology, disease burden, and health care utilization of transgender populations.
Do Advertisements Disrupt Reading? Evidence From Eye Movements
Authors: Lan Haiting , Liao Sixin , Kruger Jan‐Louis 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTReading online texts is often accompanied by visual distractors such as advertisements. Although previous studies have found that visual distractors are attention‐demanding, little is known about how they impact reading. Drawing on text‐based and word‐based eye‐movement measures, the current study examines how three types of ads (static image, flashing text and video) influence readers' reading comprehension and reading process. Results show that increasingly animated ads were more distracting than static ones at the text level, as evidenced by more and longer fixations, and more regressions. Moreover, the word frequency effect was stronger when reading with ads with flashing text than without ads on gaze duration and total reading time, suggesting that linguistic‐related animated ads interfere with word processing. Although visual distractors reduced their reading speed and word processing efficiency, readers managed to maintain sufficient comprehension by adopting a more mindful reading strategy, indicating how metacognition functions in complex reading situations.
Relationship Between Gout Flare States and Patient‐Reported Outcomes After Allopurinol Initiation
Authors: Stamp Lisa K. , Frampton Chris , Stewart Sarah , Petrie Keith J. , Edwards N. Lawrence , Gaffo Angelo , Dalbeth Nicola 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveGout flares are the most important clinical feature of the disease. A hypothetical maximum flare occurrence in the preceding six months has been suggested to be no flares for a patient‐acceptable symptom state (PASS) and only one flare for low disease activity (LDA). The aim of this analysis was to determine the relationship between gout flare states (PASS, LDA, and not in LDA or PASS [non‐LDA/PASS]) and patient‐reported outcomes.MethodsPost hoc analyses of variance were undertaken using data from a 12‐month randomized controlled trial involving 172 people with gout, which compared low‐dose colchicine to placebo for the first 6 months while starting allopurinol with a further 6‐month follow‐up. Self‐reported gout flares were collected monthly. Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and EuroQol 5‐domain (EQ‐5D‐3L) were completed at 0, 3, 6 ,9, and 12 months, and the gout‐specific brief illness perception questionnaire (BIPQ) was collected at months 0, 6, and 12.ResultsIn the final six months of the study, 68 participants (38%) were classified as being in PASS, 34 (19%) as in LDA, and 77 (43%) as non‐LDA/PASS. There was no association between gout flare states and EQ‐5D‐3L or HAQ. There was a statistically significant association between three of eight BIPQ items with increasing consequences, identity, and concern scores across the three states of PASS, LDA, and non‐LDA/PASS.ConclusionThe majority of people were able to achieve gout flare PASS or LDA in the second six months after commencing allopurinol. As flare burden increases, so does the impact of gout on the patient. These findings highlight the importance of flare prevention in the management of gout.
Morphological Tunability and Surface Reactivity Control of Single‐Crystal Sodium Layered Oxides Employing Spinel Ni1+xMn2−xO4 (x = 0 and 0.5) Precursor
Authors: Darga Joe , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDevelopment of single‐crystal sodium layered oxide materials has garnered interest in recent years due to the success of analogous materials for lithium‐ion batteries. Methods utilizing single crystal precursors of transition‐metal spinel materials with the form TaMbO4 (T, M = Fe, Mn, Ni, Ti, Al, etc…, and a + b = 3) have been shown to yield materials that suppress intergranular cracking, but morphological control of sodium layered oxides has not been demonstrated with this method. Herein, tunable morphology of NaNi1/2Mn1/2O2 is demonstrated with materials that achieve 130 mA h g−1 at C/5 rate, with capacity retention ranging from 16% to 71% after 200 cycles depending on the morphology. Cycling with a localized high concentration electrolyte (LHCE) controls the influence of surface reactivity and underscores the critical role of the surface in capacity degradation. The impact that transition‐metal chemistry has on the tunability of particle morphology is explored, with the growth kinetics of the terminal and intermediate phases during calcination of the sodium layered oxide compositions having the largest effect on tunability from the single‐crystal templates. By understanding the factors that determine tunability, this work can be extended to offer morphological control without coprecipitation for sodium layered oxides broadly.
Direct Ink Writing of Single‐Crystal‐Assembled Perovskite Thick Films for High‐Performance X‐ray Flat‐Panel Detectors
Authors: Wang Yulong , Xu Xiuwen , Xing Guansheng , Lin Shanxiao , Yan Yurou , Zhou Quan , Chen Jianmei , Zhu Wenjuan , Chen Bing , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHalide perovskites hold great potential in developing next‐generation X‐ray detectors. However, preparing high‐quality and thick perovskite films in a way compatible with a thin‐film transistor (TFT)‐integrated X‐ray flat‐panel detectors (XFPDs) remains challenging. Here, by engineering ink with effective printability and shape fidelity, direct ink writing (DIW) is developed as a new approach to printing a unique single‐crystal‐assembled perovskite (SCAP) thick film. In contrast to polycrystalline grains consisting of randomly orientated crystal domains, the SCAP is made of tightly packed crystals with well‐defined crystal facets, showing 3–4 orders of magnitude lower trap density (4.48 × 1012 cm−3). Consequently, the SCAP X‐ray detectors offers the state‐of‐the‐art detection performance (sensitivity‐to‐dark current ratio: 1.26 × 1011 µC Gyair−1 A−1), a low detection limit (114.2 nGyair s−1), and negligible baseline drift (0.27 fA cm−1 s−1 V−1). Furthermore, the XFPD based on a 64 × 64 pixelated TFT array realizes high‐resolution digital radiography, opening a new avenue for further development of perovskite X‐ray detectors.
Expanding Transparent Covalently Attached Liquid‐Like Surfaces for Icephobic Coatings with Broad Substrate Compatibility
Authors: Jalali Kandeloos Amirhossein , Eder Tanja , Hetey Daniel , Bismarck Alexander , Reithofer Michael R. , Cordill Megan J. , Chin Jia Min 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIce accretion causes significant energy losses and safety risks across various sectors. Recent research shows that liquid‐like surfaces (LLS) with ice‐shedding properties can be created by covalently attaching linear polymer chains onto smooth substrates with sufficient hydroxyl group densities. To expand the substrate scope for LLS, a novel system using non‐halogenated organosilanes attached to a commercial epoxy‐silicon (EpSi) coating is proposed. The EpSi layer, easily applied using simple methods, serves as a smooth intermediate layer (Ra = 0.94 nm and Rq = 0.76 nm). Air plasma activation increases hydroxyl density on EpSi, enabling LLS formation via simple immersion in an organosilane solution. The resulting coating exhibits low contact angle hysteresis (<10°), sliding angle (SA < 14°), and ice adhesion strength (τice < 20 kPa). Effective LLS is generated regardless of substrate type, coating thickness, or application method. The coating retains its slippery properties after exposure to harsh conditions, including icing/deicing cycles, organic solvents, and acidic environment. It is also highly transparent (Tave = 84.5%, t = 500 µm) with self‐cleaning and anti‐staining capabilities. This methodology broadens the substrate scope of LLS, offering a sustainable solution to ice accretion challenges.
A Systematic Study of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation on Thiol‐Ene Polymers: Toward the Development of Microfluidic Bacterial Biofilm Models
Authors: Amorim Jéssica , Rosqvist Emil , Cruz Cristina D. , Haapala Markus , Peltonen Jouko , Tammela Päivi , Sikanen Tiina M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGlobal antimicrobial resistance poses a major threat to human health and is largely driven by bacterial biofilms, which demonstrate significantly greater antibiotic resistance than planktonic bacteria. While most biofilm research targets the development of antibiofilm surfaces, materials that intentionally promote biofilm formation are crucial for creating screening tools to discover new antibiofilm agents. The transition from static to flow‐through assay systems is also necessary to increase the methodological readiness of antibiofilm research. This study evaluates the feasibility of an emerging polymer platform, off‐stoichiometry thiol‐ene (OSTE), in supporting Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. OSTE polymers provide versatile options for rapid prototyping of microfluidic devices, with unique opportunities for on‐chip oxygen management. Here, the impacts of OSTE's key materials properties on S. aureus adhesion, biofilm viability, biomass, and metabolic activity are systematically examined in comparison to polystyrene, the current standard in microwell plate‐based biofilm assays. Additionally, the composition of the extracellular polymer substances matrix and antimicrobial susceptibility are investigated to determine the most suitable OSTE composition for microfluidic S. aureus biofilm cultures. The results confirm compatibility with S. aureus biofilms, supported by atomic force microscopy analysis of biofilm morphologies under static and microfluidic conditions.
Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of High‐Quality Single‐Crystal AB‐Stacked Bilayer Graphene
Authors: Liu Mengya , Xue Xudong , Zhou Xiahong , Liu Shan , Quan Kaifeng , Fan Fengyuan , Zhao Yao , Wang Liping , Yu Gui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHigh‐quality single‐crystal AB‐stacked bilayer graphene (AB‐BLG) is highly desired because of its unique electronic properties and potential applications. However, its growth is still unsatisfactory owing to the coexistence of BLG and/or multilayer graphene. Here, high‐quality AB‐BLG single crystals is synthesized with size of ≈30 µm on liquid Cu by chemical vapor deposition. The morphology and uniformity are characterized by optical micrographs and Raman spectroscopy. The crystal quality is evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, such as selected area electron diffraction and high‐resolution imaging. The high‐quality graphene layers and morphology can be regulated by tuning the oxidation degree of liquid Cu. Growth mechanism researches show that the small hexagonal graphene layer underneath the large graphene layer, forming an “inverted wedding cake” structure. Meanwhile, growth process studies by carbon isotope labeling technique in conjunction with atomic force microscope image of growth substrates with different oxidation degrees indicated that the roughness of the growth substrate can significantly affect the nucleation and growth of graphene. Appropriate roughness of liquid Cu by tuning the oxidation degree through Ar/O2 (the Ar/O2 volume ratio is 95%/5%) annealing and H2 reduction can weaken the interaction between the top graphene layer and substrate, benefiting the growth of AB‐BLG single crystals.
Prediction of Patient Drug Response via 3D Bioprinted Gastric Cancer Model Utilized Patient‐Derived Tissue Laden Tissue‐Specific Bioink
Authors: Choi Yoo‐mi , Na Deukchae , Yoon Goeun , Kim Jisoo , Min Seoyeon , Yi Hee‐Gyeong , Cho Soo‐Jeong , Cho Jae Hee , Lee Charles , Jang Jinah 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDespite significant research progress, tumor heterogeneity remains elusive, and its complexity poses a barrier to anticancer drug discovery and cancer treatment. Response to the same drug varies across patients, and the timing of treatment is an important factor in determining prognosis. Therefore, development of patient‐specific preclinical models that can predict a patient's drug response within a short period is imperative. In this study, a printed gastric cancer (pGC) model is developed for preclinical chemotherapy using extrusion‐based 3D bioprinting technology and tissue‐specific bioinks containing patient‐derived tumor chunks. The pGC model retained the original tumor characteristics and enabled rapid drug evaluation within 2 weeks of its isolation from the patient. In fact, it is confirmed that the drug response‐related gene profile of pGC tissues co‐cultured with human gastric fibroblasts (hGaFibro) is similar to that of patient tissues. This suggested that the application of the pGC model can potentially overcome the challenges associated with accurate drug evaluation in preclinical models (e.g., patient‐derived xenografts) owing to the deficiency of stromal cells derived from the patient. Consequently, the pGC model manifested a remarkable similarity with patients in terms of response to chemotherapy and prognostic predictability. Hence, it is considered a promising preclinical tool for personalized and precise treatments.
Drawdown of soil phosphorus by crop removal: A meta‐analysis of 56 fields with interrupted fertilization
Authors: Gatiboni Luke , Shober Amy L. , Fiorellino Nicole , Osmond Deanna , Mosesso Lauren R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient applied as fertilizer in agricultural fields. However, excessive fertilization leads to P build up in soils, increasing its potential to cause environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to evaluate the average P drawdown rate of 56 sites with drawdown management presented in 14 publications. Soil test P (STP) results were converted to Mehlich‐3 equivalent and resampling analysis was used to compare the annual drawdown rate in fields grouped by four initial STP classes. The STP was reduced by 4.3%–8.2% per year, depending on the initial STP class. It took from 8.4 to 15.9 years to reduce the STP by half. The resulting equations from this meta‐analysis can be used by landowners to estimate the time needed for STP drawdown by cropping without additional P to achieve the desired STP concentration.Core Ideas
Cropping without phosphorus (P) fertilization is one of the few options to reduce soil test P (STP).
A meta‐analysis of the annual P drawdown rate was performed using 56 sites presented in 14 publications.
Fields were grouped into four initial STP classes based on Mehlich‐3 STP equivalent.
The STP was reduced from 4.3% to 8.2% per year in fields with high and low initial STP.
The time needed to reduce the STP by half varied from 8.4 to 15.9 years depending on the initial STP.
Impact of gypsum applications and cover crop on soybean (Glycine max) elemental composition
Authors: Gonzalez Javier M. , Dick Warren A. , Watts Dexter B. , Islam Khandakar R. , Fausey Norman R. , Batte Marvin T. , Flanagan Dennis C. , VanToai Tara T. , Reeder Randall C. , Shedekar Vinayak S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSoybean (Glycine max) is the most important protein crop being produced globally. Sulfur is essential for enhancing its nutritional quality, particularly by increasing S‐containing amino acids. Gypsum, which provides calcium and sulfur, and cover crops, which improve soil health and indirectly affect nutrient dynamics, are promising management practices for enhancing soybean nutrient content. A 5‐year study across three US. locations evaluated the effects of surface‐applied gypsum and cover crops of cereal rye (Secale cereale) on continuous soybean production. The objective was to evaluate the soybean nutrient composition affected by these practices across various soil types and climatic conditions. Findings revealed consistent increases in soybean sulfur content with gypsum application, regardless of cover crop use. Responses of other elements were site‐dependent. In the case of cover crops, significant changes in element composition were observed mainly at the Ohio site.
Zn2⁺‐Rich Chelate Layer Facilitates Ultrahigh‐Rate Zinc Anodes Via Cation Compensation and Anion Repulsion
Authors: Zhang Yuzhe , Wang Rouya , Ao Huaisheng , Ma Tao , Zhu Xuekun , Zhang Xiaotan , Rong Jian , Zhou Ziyao , Bai Zhongchao , Dou Shi Xue , Wang Nana , Li Zhongyu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAqueous Zn ion batteries hold great promise for next‐generation large‐scale energy storage systems due to their low cost, intrinsic safety, and environmental friendliness. However, the reversibility of Zn metal anodes is limited by severe side reactions and dendritic growth, caused by interfacial concentration gradients. To address this, a Zn2+‐rich zinc phytate (ZP) chelate layer is introduced as artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that eliminates these concentration gradients through ions compensation. Theoretical calculations and experimental results demonstrate that the ZP layer, rich in Zn2⁺ ions and exhibiting strong chelating ability to capture more Zn2+, enables rapid and dynamic ion replenishment at the interface, significantly improving Zn2⁺ transport kinetics and ensuring a uniform Zn2⁺ flux. Moreover, the strong chelation of PO₄ groups restricts the 2D diffusion of Zn2⁺ ions, promoting the uniform Zn deposition. Additionally, the ZP layer repels anions and restricts water molecules migration at the Zn anode surface, fundamentally suppressing side reactions. As a result, the modified Zn anode exhibits stable Zn plating/stripping for ≈2400 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2, with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.8%. Furthermore, the assembled ZP@Zn//VO2 cell displays 87.5% capacity retention after 6000 cycles at the current density of 5 A g−1.
Branding in an Online Selling Era: The Interaction and Performance Enhancement Effects of E‐Marketing and Branding for Commercial Farmers in China
Authors: Liu Tongshan , Yang Wei , Liu Jie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAs internet and communication technologies reshape global business, a critical question arises: to what extent do traditional marketing strategies contribute to success in the online selling era? Examining the challenges posed by e‐commerce to conventional branding, the study employs a simultaneous equation model based on the control function to explore how the interaction between branding and e‐marketing influences business performance in the agricultural sector, using a large sample of 3291 commercial farmers in China. Our results show a positive effect of e‐marketing on business performance whilst the branding effect is found to be not significant. The analysis also uncovers a significantly positive interactive relationship between branding and e‐marketing. These findings challenge previous studies that reported positive effects of branding on business performance but did not account for confounding factors, such as e‐marketing strategies. Our findings highlight the interconnectedness of branding and e‐marketing, reflecting the real‐world case that most commercial farmers in China are keen on e‐marketing while the attractiveness of branding is flatting out.
Optimal duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Okada Kenjiro , Uemura Kenichiro , Satoi Sohei , Fujii Tsutomu , Kawai Manabu , Yamaki So , Watanabe Toru , Motobayashi Hideki , Takahashi Shinya 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial prophylaxis is routinely administered in patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy, with cephalosporins being the most frequently used agents. However, there is limited evidence regarding optimal duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis. This study aimed to evaluate the optimal duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis in distal pancreatectomy.MethodsA multicenter cohort study was performed using a common database of patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy between April 2017 and March 2022 at four high‐volume centers in Japan. Eligible patients were divided into two groups according to the duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis: intraoperative or up to 24 h after surgery and more than 24 h after surgery. Primary endpoint was the incidence of surgical site infections.ResultsA total of 496 patients were enrolled in this study, including 254 and 242 patients categorized into the intraoperative or up to 24‐h and more than 24‐h groups, respectively. Surgical site infections occurred in 129 patients (26%). The intraoperative or up to 24‐h group had a significantly lower incidence of surgical site infection (19% vs. 33%, p < 0.001) and infectious clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (8% vs. 17%, p = 0.002). There were no significant differences in severe surgical site infection rates between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression identified more than 24‐h administration of antimicrobial prophylaxis as an independent risk factor for surgical site infections (p = 0.001).ConclusionProlonged administration of antimicrobial prophylaxis may not be effective in preventing surgical site infections after distal pancreatectomy compared to intraoperative or up to 24‐h administration.