bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the flux jump behaviour during single waveform control pulsed field magnetization of GdBaCuO superconducting bulk
Authors: Caunes A A , Ida T , Watasaki M , Izumi M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We aimed to improve the trapped magnetic flux density obtained with a waveform control pulsed field magnetization (WCPM) by using a negative feedback control of the magnetic flux density on the growth sector boundary of a GdBaCuO superconducting bulk sample. The WCPM method with negative feedback control has previously shown that it could help increase the trapped magnetic flux density, compared to conventional passive pulsed flux magnetization, if the magnetic field penetrates the bulk centre substantially using a flux jump. The flux jump sometimes greatly changes the magnetic and thermal state of the bulk, which limits the maximum trapped magnetic field. The active control method of the applied magnetic field helps to overcome this limit if the control conditions are appropriate. While searching for the ideal control conditions of the WCPM, the magnetization characteristics have been investigated. We found that the flux jump, which assists the flux in penetrating the centre of the bulk, can be “slowed down” thanks to the negative-feedback WCPM. This operation helped to decrease the heat generated by the moving flux inside the bulk and reduced the temperature rise, which contributed to the increase of the trapped magnetic flux density.
Metallic Contaminant Detection in Liquids using a High-Tc RF-SQUID
Authors: Sagawa M , Hayashi K , Ohtani T , Tanaka S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We have developed a system using high-temperature radio frequency superconducting quantum interference device (RF-SQUID) for detecting metallic contaminants in the liquid component of a lithium-ion battery. Although we have executed detection experiments using a simulated system without liquid in the past[1], we have developed a new system to inspect real liquid components. Small cylindrical metallic contaminant samples were fabricated using a gallium-focused ion beam to evaluate the detection performance. Tap water containing the metallic contaminant sample was poured into the tube using a pump, and the magnetic signal of the contaminant matter was detected using the RF-SQUID. Among the tested small metallic contaminant samples, the volume of a minimum detectable metallic contaminant was evaluated to be 2 × 104 μm3, which corresponded to that of a spherical sample with a diameter of 33 μm and a sensitivity of a signal-to-noise ratio of more than three. Moreover, the dependence of the detected signal strength on the volume of the metallic contaminant samples is discussed here.
Estimation of Critical Current of HTS RF-SQUID
Authors: Ohtani R , Hayashi K , Sagawa M , Ariyoshi S , Tanaka S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The operation of the RF SQUID is restricted by the condition that the inductance parameter β
L must be in the range of 1−3. However, since both ends of the Josephson junction (JJ) of RF-SQUID are shorted, it is difficult to non-destructively estimate the critical current (IC
). Thus, we proposed a technique for the non-destructive measurement of the IC
of a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) RF-SQUID ring by evaluating the behaviour of the flux in superconducting thin films using a SQUID magnetometer. A superconducting ring sample with JJ was placed below the HTS SQUID magnetometer and cooled down to 77 K. The change in the SQUID output was monitored on application of the magnetic field. When increasing the field, the waveforms indicated that the screening current of the ring sample exceeded the I
C of the JJ, and the JJ became a normal-conducting state. As a result, we estimated the IC
of the JJ of this sample as 134 μA using the values of mutual inductance and the coupling coefficient α between the coil and the sample.
Improvement of Plug-in Wire for 200-pixel Superconducting Tunnel Junction X-ray Detector Array on Helium Three Cryostat
Authors: Shiki Shigetomo , Fujii Go , Ukibe Masahiro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The design of plug-in wire system is improved for 200-pixel superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) array of X-ray detector on a helium three cryostat. The electrical connections between the STJ array to the room temperature electronics consists of plural wire modules, which have connectors at the both ends. A flexible coaxial cable with electrical conductors of stainless steel (SUS-FFC) is manufactured and attached to make the electrical connection between room temperature to the 3 K stage. After the installation of SUS-FFC, temperature of the cold stage is 302 mK, and the holding time is more than 115 hours. Compared with the previous setup, the temperature of 3He stage decreased 5 mK, and the holding time increased 30 hours.
Evaluation of flux trapping moat position on AQFP cell performance
Authors: Fourie Coenrad J , Takeuchi Naoki , Jackman Kyle , Yoshikawa Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
With recent advances in InductEx and the TetraHenry numerical engine, it is now possible to analyze the coupling of trapped flux in moats to superconductor circuit structures. Here we show the analysis of moat position in the layout of an adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron (AQFP) buffer cell on the coupling to critical inductors such as the load inductor. This inductor is often carefully laid out to balance current flow and cancel out stray coupling between clock and dc current excitation lines. We investigate the effect of trapped flux that couples asymmetrically to the circuit—either due to the moat position and shape or due to only one of a symmetrical duo of moats being filled with a trapped fluxon—on circuit operating margin and performance. We conclude with suggestions on moat placement to reduce the chances of circuit failure when fluxons are trapped in the moats.
Heat Load Calculations on an HTS Coil Integrated into a Small Satellite during a Sun-Synchronous Low Earth Orbit
Authors: Olatunji J R , Acheson C , Szmigiel M , Wimbush S C , Long N J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
High-temperature superconductivity (HTS) has the potential to be a useful technology for space applications, allowing for high current densities and magnetic field generation in compact devices. However, HTS requires cryogenic temperatures and it is not well understood how this can best be achieved in a space environment. Using a modelling approach, the expected heat load on a hypothetical 3U CubeSat with an HTS coil during a sun-synchronous low Earth orbit was predicted. The direction and magnitude of solar, albedo and infrared incident radiation toward the satellite was calculated for each orbital position of a circular 732 km, Ω = 0° longitude of ascending node orbit. Using a finite element approach, the surface radiosity and temperature of the CubeSat was predicted and validated. Finally, the instantaneous heat load on the HTS magnet, which generates a 1T magnetic field, was calculated as a function of orbital position. This study provides technical information about the characteristics of the refrigeration device required to maintain cryogenic temperatures for an HTS coil on a space faring vessel, such as a portable cryocooler. Selection and design of a satellite cooling system must be optimised according to the calculated heat load and available solar power.
Improvement of the Damping Factor at Low Speed in Electrodynamic Suspension System for the JR Maglev
Authors: Betsunoh R , Ohashi S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The electrodynamic suspension system (EDS) is one of the magnetic levitation system and has advantage of stable levitation without the gap control. However, the damping factor of the EDS system is not enough. Once the oscillation of the bogie occurs by the external disturbance, it does not converge immediately. The additional damper system is needed, so the damper coil system is installed. By the semi-active damper system, the levitation stability is improved. This paper discusses about superconducting Maglev system as application of the EDS system. Superconducting Maglev has been the magnetic levitation system developed by Central Japan Railway Company and Railway Technical Research Institute. The operation speed of the train is v = 120[m/sec]. At low speed range such as v = 60-80[m/sec], the damping factor is smaller than that of the normal operation v = 120[m/sec], and it is difficult to keep the stable levitation. In this paper, running simulation when the bogie passes large displacement at low speed is undertaken, and the improved switching method for the semi-active damper system at low speed and large displacement is discussed. From the results, to increase the period that the damper coil works. The damping factor becomes larger, and the bogie keeps the levitation.
Design of the Magnetic Circuit to Improve Stability of the Magnetic Bearing Using HTS
Authors: Minamitani Marin , Takimura Satoshi , Ohashi Shunsuke 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes the design of the magnetic circuit to improve stability of the magnetic bearing using HTS. From the rotational characteristic, it is shown that if the flux of the rotor is concentrated to the outer part of the HTS, the rotor will be able to rotate stability. In order to achieve stable rotation, the yoke equipped ring type rotor is proposed. The ring type permanent magnet equipped the yoke is used of this rotor. The change in the flux when the gap between the yoke and the permanent magnet, the yoke thickness and the width are changed is considered. As each value increases, the flux amount increases. As the gap between the yoke and the permanent magnet increases, the flux distribution is more concentrated to the outer part of the HTS. Considering the overall diameter, the boundary where the increasing rate decreases is adopted as the optimum value. In the yoke thickness and the width, the minimum value where the magnetic saturation is not observed is adopted as the optimum value. As a result, the magnetic circuit that the flux is concentrated to the outer part of the HTS is designed. By concentrating the flux to the outer part of the HTS, the stable rotation is given.
Design of a 500 kW partially superconducting flux modulation machine for aircraft propulsion
Authors: Dorget R , Ayat S , Biaujaud R , Tanchon J , Lacapere J , Lubin T , Lévêque J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Electric propulsion is seen as a potential solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the aircraft industry. However, electrical machines must achieve high power to mass ratios (PtM) to meet aviation requirements. Superconducting technologies are a promising option for creating compact and efficient machines. Indeed, superconductors make it possible to generate large magnetic fields while reducing the need for ferromagnetic materials. In previous works, a 50 kW partially superconducting flux modulation machine has been realised. The flux modulation machine is an unconventional topology where the inductor is composed by a large static superconducting coil and rotating superconducting bulks acting as magnetic field shields. This topology allows controlling the inductor excitation while being brushless. In this paper, we design a 500 kW flux modulation machine considering the results of the 50 kW prototype and the constraints due to the structure change of scale. The presented machine aims to reach a power-to-mass ratio of 10 kW/kg.
Experimental investigation of the thermal performance of the thermosyphon cooling system with rotating
Authors: Yamaguchi K , Takei S , Izumi M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Rotating machine applications with superconductors attract much interest in the industry. For maintaining the operating temperature of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) field poles, a sophisticated cooling system is required. A thermosyphon (TS) is one of the ways for this purpose. The cryo-mechanical system composition is relatively simple, lightweight, and based on natural convection therefore not using any mechanical pump. It can supply the refrigerant from the static condenser part to the rotating evaporator part by using a successful rotary joint. The operating temperature of the TS cooling system depends on the refrigerant. Considering the current HTS materials, the suitable refrigerant is neon, hydrogen. Nitrogen which provides a higher operating temperature than neon and hydrogen is employed for future development. In this work, we focused on and investigated the heat transfer capacity of TS using nitrogen as the refrigerant. The heat transfer performance with rotating was also studied. As a result of the experiment, the TS cooling system could maintain the evaporator temperature by rotating. Moreover, it could transfer the 90 W heat load with rotating.
Metal composite T-junction terminals for MW-class aerospace electric power distribution
Authors: Kovacs C J , Haugan T J , Sumption M D 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There is a recent surge in activity to develop high power electric (or hybrid electric) aircraft. Part of this development effort is the creation of lightweight and small volume high-performance motors and airborne power transmission cables. As part of the power transmission of a distributed propulsion aircraft will be T-terminals to extract power to individual motors from a “main” power cable. In this research, a standard pressed plate high purity Cu T-terminal, with cylindrical high-temperature superconducting cables (main cable current of 20 kA, branch cable current of 2.5 kA), were investigated using Multiphysics simulations. Then, a more geometrically optimized high purity Al-Cu composite T-terminal was simulated under similar conditions. Discussed are the influence of T-junction geometry, operating temperature (30 to 50 K), contact resistance, and magnetoresistance on joule losses of terminals with different masses. It is shown the Al-Cu terminal can greatly reduce joule losses/mass of the T-terminal while also having an intrinsic clamping force from thermal expansion of the Al shell of the composite structure.
Are cleaner cooking solutions clean enough? A systematic review and meta-analysis of particulate and carbon monoxide concentrations and exposures
Authors: Pope Daniel , Johnson Michael , Fleeman Nigel , Jagoe Kirstie , Duarte Rui , Maden Michelle , Ludolph Ramona , Bruce Nigel , Shupler Matthew , Adair-Rohani Heather , Lewis Jessica 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Globally, approximately 3 billion primarily cook using inefficient and poorly vented combustion devices, leading to unsafe levels of household air pollution (HAP) in and around the home. Such exposures contribute to nearly 4 million deaths annually (WHO 2018a, 2018b ). Characterizing the effectiveness of interventions for reducing HAP concentration and exposure is critical for informing policy and programmatic decision-making on which cooking solutions yield the greatest health benefits. This review synthesizes evidence of in-field measurements from four cleaner cooking technologies and three clean fuels, using field studies aimed at reducing HAP concentration and personal exposure to health damaging pollutants (particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO)). Fifty studies from Africa, Asia, South and Latin America, provided 168 estimates synthesized through meta-analysis. For PM2.5 kitchen concentrations, burning biomass more cleanly through improved combustion stoves (ICS) with (n = 29; 63% reduction) or without (n = 12; 52%) venting (through flue or chimney) and through forced-draft combustion (n = 9; 50%) was less effective than cooking with clean fuels including ethanol (n = 4; 83%), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) (n = 11; 83%) and electricity (n = 6; 86%). Only studies of clean fuels consistently achieved post-intervention kitchen PM2.5 levels at or below the health-based WHO interim target level 1 (WHO-IT1) of 35 μg m−3. None of the advanced combustion stoves (gasifiers) achieved WHO-IT1, although no evidence was available for pellet fuelled stoves. For personal exposure to PM2.5, none of the ICS (n = 11) were close to WHO-IT1 whereas 75% (n = 6 of 8) of LPG interventions were at or below WHO-IT1. Similar patterns were observed for CO, although most post-intervention levels achieved the WHO 24 h guideline level. While clean cooking fuel interventions (LPG, electric) significantly reduce kitchen concentrations and personal exposure to PM2.5 in household settings, stove stacking and background levels of ambient air pollution, have likely prevented most clean fuel interventions from approaching WHO-IT1. In order to maximize health gains, a wholistic approach jointly targeting ambient and HAP should be followed in lower-and-middle income countries.
Fair distributions of carbon dioxide removal obligations and implications for effective national net-zero targets
Authors: Lee Kaylin , Fyson Claire , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Achieving net-zero emissions at the global level, as required to limit warming to 1.5 °C, means both rapid emissions reductions across all sectors as well as a scaling-up of carbon dioxide removal (CDR). As a growing number of countries bring forward national net-zero targets, the questions of how much CDR each nation holds responsibility for, whether CDR transfers should be possible under the Paris Agreement market mechanisms, and how this might affect the years in which different countries should achieve net-zero, become increasingly important. Here we show that, depending on the normative assumptions underlying a CDR burden-sharing system, the adjusted net-zero date for big emitting countries could shift forward by up to 15 years (EU, based on gross domestic product) to 35 years (Russia, based on cumulative per capita emissions) compared with what is modeled domestically in global least-cost scenarios. This illustrates a challenge of using least-cost model scenarios as a basis for setting and evaluating net-zero targets. We also evaluate the potential risk of carbon loss associated with CDR transfers of such a magnitude, and consider how a discount factor could help address carbon loss risks and contribute to overall mitigation. Our results highlight the need for clear guidelines to ensure that international CDR transfers do not obscure urgently-needed domestic emission reductions efforts by big emitters, while promoting a fair and equitable distribution of the CDR burden inflicted by insufficient near-term mitigation. We find a separate mechanism or accounting for CDR obligations to be the most promising avenue to deliver on these objectives.
Assessing Customer Satisfaction of Airport Train Service: An Application of the Kano Model
Authors: Waly G Z , Miranda I E , Adelia D R , Oktavia W D , Aulia M A , Wibowo A T , Ulkhaq M M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Every service firm must find ways to attract new customers, retain existing customers, and remain competitive and profitable. As competition increases, pursuing customer satisfaction becomes more important in this particular global market competitiveness. Previously, traditional methods believe that customer satisfaction and quality attributes have a linear relationship. In other words, customers might feel satisfied when certain quality attribute can be provided by the service provider; yet they might not feel satisfied when the quality attribute is missing. Nevertheless, this relationship is not that linearly simple. In some quality attributes, indeed an improvement in performance of the service attribute can significantly improve customer satisfaction; while on the other case, the customers might still accept the absence of a quality attribute without being dissatisfied. This phenomenon has been identified by the Kano model which uses a different approach to treat the relationship between customer satisfaction and quality attributes as two-dimensional terms. This research aims to evaluate customer satisfaction of airport train service by utilizing the Kano model. Eighteen attributes were employed in a case study that exhibited the application of the Kano model to assess customer satisfaction. By implementing the Kano model, it is intended to provide a strategy for the service provider to improve customer satisfaction.
Life satisfaction among older adults with impairment in activities of daily living
Authors: Boccaccio Dominic E , Cenzer Irena , Covinsky Kenneth E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Many older adults experience decline in function, but maintain high levels of life satisfaction. The factors associated with high life satisfaction among those with functional impairment are not well understood.

Objective
Examine the proportion of older adults with functional impairment reporting high life satisfaction and the predictors of high life satisfaction.

Design
Cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting
Health and Retirement Study.

Subjects
A total of 7,287 community-dwelling participants, 65 years or older, who completed the leave-behind questionnaire in 2014 or 2016.

Methods
The main predictor was having difficulty or needing help in performing Activities of Daily Living (ADL). The primary outcome was reporting high life satisfaction, defined using a three-item Diener scale. Significant factors were identified using modified Poisson regression models adjusted for demographic characteristics.

Results
Those with no ADL impairment were more likely to report high levels of life satisfaction than those with ADL difficulty or ADL dependence (54.4 vs 38.6 vs 27.6%, P &lt; 0.001). Among those with ADL dependence, we identified several factors associated with high life satisfaction, including: not being lonely (38.2 vs 23.2%, ARR = 1.6 (1.2, 2.2)), satisfied with family life (35.1 vs 12.8%, ARR = 2.7 (1.6, 4.4)), and satisfied with financial situation (40.8 vs 16.6%, ARR = 2.5 (1.8, 3.6)). Similar associations were present among those with ADL difficulty.

Conclusions
A substantial proportion of older adults with ADL impairment report high life satisfaction, and it is associated with social and economic well-being. Understanding the factors associated with high life satisfaction can lead to clinical practices and policy guidelines that promote life satisfaction in older adults.
Performance Characteristics of DOAC-Remove for Neutralization of the Effects of Apixaban and Rivaroxaban in Lupus Anticoagulant Assays
Authors: Skaugen John M , Sayre Christine , Hassett Andrea Cortese , Chibisov Irina , Bontempo Franklin , Meyer Michael P , Seheult Jansen N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study established the performance characteristics of DOAC-Remove for neutralization of the effects of rivaroxaban and apixaban in lupus anticoagulant (LAC) testing.

Methods
Normal donor, LAC control, and patient samples were spiked with rivaroxaban or apixaban to simulate their effects on the dilute Russell’s viper venom time (dRVVT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and dilute prothrombin time (dPT). Anti-Xa activity was measured after spiking and after DOAC-Remove neutralization. Accuracy, complex precision, and reference interval verification were evaluated.

Results
DOAC-Remove neutralized rivaroxaban and apixaban concentrations as high as 415 ng/mL and 333 ng/mL, respectively. Percentage positive and negative agreement between the baseline and postneutralization interpretations were 75% or higher for the dRVVT and APTT methods but not for the dPT method. Coefficients of variation (CVs) were 10% or less for all assays except the Staclot-LA delta, which had a standard deviation of 2.5 seconds or CV of 25% or less depending on the level. The laboratory’s reference intervals were verified for the dRVVT and APTT assays after DOAC-Remove treatment but not for the dPT assays.

Conclusions
DOAC-Remove appears to have acceptable performance characteristics for neutralizing the effects of rivaroxaban and apixaban in the dRVVT and APTT methods but not in the dPT method.