bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of routine oral iron supplementation with or without folic acid during pregnancy: an updated systematic review
Authors: Pena‐Rosas Juan Pablo , Viteri Fernando E. 
Published: June 2021

Routine antenatal iron (Fe) or iron and folic acid (FeFol) supplementation may improve maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. This review assesses the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of routine daily (D) or intermittent (I) supplementation. The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (October 2007) was searched and relevant organizations were contacted for identification of additional trials. All randomized trials evaluating the effect of routine antenatal D or I Fe or FeFol were selected considering their methodological quality. Primary outcomes included maternal and infant clinical and laboratory outcomes.Forty‐nine trials, involving 19147 women, were included. The data suggest improved Hb and Fe nutrition compared to non supplemented women. There are no significant differences between D and I in any specific variables except for higher rate of hemoconcentration during 2–3 trimesters in D than in I, and also higher side‐effects in D, except for vomiting that is more common in I. D Fe and FeFol results in slightly higher maternal Hb at term. Iron deficiency and its anemia at term were slightly less likely to occur in women on D Fe than in non supplemented women. Further studies are needed to assess the effects of pre‐conceptional iron and folate status and antenatal Fe or FeFol doses administered either D or I with emphasis on functional and perinatal outcomes.
Control of Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors by a Low Calorie‐Moderate Carbohydrates Diet in Mexicans
Authors: de Jesús Vergara‐Jimenez Marcela , Castro‐Acosta Monica Lizzette , Arias‐Gastelum Mayra , Valdez‐Zazueta Guadalupe 
Published: June 2021

Obesity (O) is a multifactorial disorder and is associates with the development of several chronic diseases. The metabolic syndrome (MS) is diagnosed when three or more than any factors like dislipidemia, hyperglicemia, hypertension or central obesity are presented. Some studies associated the carbohydrate intake with the development of obesity and the MS has been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a low calorie‐ moderate carbohydrate diet (40% energy) on obesity and the MS in people from Mexico for 8 weeks. 156 subjects participated in the study, however only 29 finished it. Every week, the participants came for the recommended diet used within the intervention and the anthropometric and clinical parameters were measured. Blood sample were drowning at points 0, 4 and 8 weeks of the study which were used to analyze the biochemical parameters. Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters were measured by using standardized methods. Participants lost 14.4 pounds average during the whole intervention, 8.4 cm of waist circumference and 2.5 of BMI. 21.4 and 17.8% reduced hypertension and glucose respectively. 32.1% reduced total cholesterol, 32.1% reduced LDL‐C concentrations and triacylglycerides and 28.6% increased their HDL‐C. Low calorie‐moderate carbohydrate diet (40% energy) is very useful in the control of obesity and the factors related to the MS, and also it resulted very convenient for Mexican since, carbohydrates are an important part of their cultural dietary habits.FOUNDED BY PROFAPI‐UAS 2006
ADENOSINE DEAMINASE: AS INDICATOR OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS.
Authors: Feliu Maria Susana , Perris Paula , Slobodianik Nora 
Published: June 2021

Previous papers in thymocytes' suspensions of rats, point out to the activity of Adenosine Deaminase(ADA) as potential marker of nutritional status. Moreover, some authors have verified its increase in serum of patients with pathologies related with lymphocytes T. Therefore, subjects with nutritional disorders have shown depression of the immune system, evaluated through immunological markers. So, we analyze if serum ADA activity on populations in nutritional risk, could be considered functional biochemical parameter.The study included 26 women with anorexia nervosa (AN, 14–32 years, , Body Mass Index (BMI)Kg/m2: 17.9±1.8); 33 obese children of both sexes (O, 5–13 years, , (BMI:Kg/m2: 27.4±4.3) and 16 children with cystic fibrosis (CF, 5 months‐9 years).; the activity of ADA (U/L) was determined by the method of Giusti and Galanti. Groups were compared with the respective age‐match well‐nourished control(C), applying the test of Student. The results expressed as X± SD (UI/L) were: AN: 25.7±8.2*vs. 21.0±4.6(n=22); O: 27.1±9.1*vs. 23.0±5.6(n=48); CF: 36.3±15.8*vs. 23.0±5.6 (n=48)It was observed an increase in the activity of ADA at a level of p<0.02 in all groups. These findings reinforce the hypothesis to propose the determination of serum ADA activity in the nutrition studies, as a functional indicator related to the mechanisms of defense.Supported by University of Buenos Aires (B060)
Lipid profile and total bone mineral content in an experimental model of nutritional hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Macri Elisa Vanesa , Zago Valeria , Ramos Cecilia , Gamba Carlota Alicia , Rodriguez Patricia Noemi , Schreier Laura , Lifshitz Fima , Friedman Silvia Maria 
Published: June 2021

Studies showed a strong relationship between fat diets and CVD but not, cholesterol levels involving bone health.Objective: to investigate in an experimental model of nutritional hypercholesterolemia, the association between lipid profile and total bone mineral content (BMC) under high‐oleic‐acid sunflower oil (HOSO) and sunflower oil (SO) diets. Weaning male Wistar rats (n=56) were randomly assigned to one of 7 groups: a) control group (C) or b) six experimental (E 1–6) for 6 wk. C received rodent diet for 6 wk. E were fed a high cholesterol diet (HCD) (pellets+biliary salts+colesterin+butter) for 3 wk (stage 1), followed by stage 2: E1, E3, E6 replaced the HCD by HOSO, SO or pellets, respectively. E2, E4: replaced butter by HOSO or SO, respectively. E5 was kept on HCD. After 6 wk, blood was drawn for cholesterol (CHO, mg/dl), triglycerides (TG, mg/dl), high density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐CHO), HDL‐non‐cholesterol (N‐HDL‐CHO) and N‐HDL/HDL ratios. BMC by DXA (Lunar DPX‐L) was measured. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated, p was set at 5%.Results: the correlation between lipid profile vs. BMC were: +0.18 (ns), ‐0.65 (p<0.0001), −0.66 (p<0.0001), +0.32 (p<0.01) and −0.65 (p<0.0001) for TG, CHO, N‐HDL, HDL‐CHO and N‐HDL/HDL, respectively.Conclusion: there is a strong relationship between atherogenic lipid profile and bone formation. Awarded by UBACyT O 003–004
Connecting the Genome to the Cytoplasm
Authors: Silver Pamela 
Published: June 2021

The movement of mRNAs through the nucleoplasm and out of the nucleus to cytoplasmic locations is an elaborately orchestrated and regulated process. The pathway of mRNA export includes: proper processing, packaging into protein‐RNA complexes, targeting and movement through the nuclear pore complex and release into the cytoplasm for translation. In some cases, mRNAs are further localized within the cytoplasm. The presentation will focus on the spatial organization of the genome with respect to its interactions with the nuclear pore complex, nuclear export factors, RNA binding proteins, and the processing and movement of mRNAs out of the nucleus.We have taken a systems‐wide approach to delineating the complex relationship between mRNA production, processing and transport. In particular, we have used genome‐wide analysis to determine the differential interactions between proteins involved in all stages of the process and the entire genome of both yeast and human cells. In doing so, we have identified the action of new factors in metazoan cells and made the surprising finding that there are distinct ribosomes with specialized functions.
Low Expression of Claudin‐5, a flow‐sensitive endothelial tight junction molecule, correlates with sites vulnerable to atherosclerosis in vivo
Authors: Karamanian Armen A , Davies Peter F 
Published: June 2021

In large arteries atherosclerosis‐susceptible sites are associated with disturbed flow (DF) while athero‐protected sites are associated with undisturbed (UF) flow. Increased endothelial permeability to macromolecules, a prominent feature in DF regions, is considered to contribute to this susceptibility. The main determinant of endothelial paracellular permeability is the tight junction, a group of proteins that seal the intercellular space. However, little is known about the tight junction responses to different flow profiles. Endothelial cells were isolated from two DF (aortic arch and renal branch) and UF (descending thoracic aorta and renal artery) regions from normal adult pigs and probed for expression of tight junction molecules. Western blots revealed a 5‐fold lower expression of Claudin‐5 (CLDN5) in DF compared to UF regions whereas expressions of Zonula Occludens‐1, Occludin and VE‐cadherin were not significantly different. In situ immunostaining of CLDN5 protein was weak in DF and prominent in UF regions. CLDN5 is a flow sensitive molecule and its low expression in DF regions of heightened permeability may influence spatial susceptibility to atherosclerosis.Supported by grants from the NHLBI.
Chronic hypoxia impaired tolerance to ischemia: attenuation by aeration and phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibition
Authors: Milano Giuseppina , Morel Sandrine , Vassalli Giuseppe , Corno Antonio F , von Segesser Ludwig Karl , Samaja Michele 
Published: June 2021

Aim. We investigated the effects of sildenafil and aeration on myocardial tolerance to infarct in a model of chronically hypoxic rat with pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy.Methods. Rats were exposed for 2 weeks to chronic hypoxia (CH, 10% O2) and divided into three groups: CH alone, treatment with sildenafil (CH+S, 1.4 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or repeatedly aerated (CH+A, 1 h/day). Normoxic animals served as control. At the end of the observation, hearts were subjected to 30‐min regional ischemia followed by 3 h reperfusion, or to right/left ventricle pressure measurement, or to freeze‐clamp to measure proteins of interest.Results. CH increased right ventricle hypertrophy, right systolic pressure and the infarct size. In addition, the expression level of P‐eNOS and cGMP was reduced, while increasing plasma nitrates+nitrites and pro‐apoptotic caspase‐3. These changes were reversed in CH+S and CH+A, with reduced right ventricle hypertrophy and right systolic pressure, restored expression levels of P‐eNOS, cGMP and caspase‐3, and enhanced tolerance to ischemia‐reperfusion.Conclusions. Either inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 by sildenafil during CH, or repeated aerations provided an efficient strategy for the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy, and improved myocardial tolerance to coronary artery occlusion.
Endocrine Pancreas Changes in Experimental DMH Administration
Authors: Farinha Rodrigo , Varanda Nuno , Rafael Ana I.V. , Castro Ricardo F. , Cabrita A.M. Silvério 
Published: June 2021

Dimetilhydrazine (DMH) is a carcinogen currently used to induce bowel neoplasms in rat and mice. In this study we evaluate changes in the endocrine pancreas of animals submitted to the administration of DMH in a protocol of colon cancer induction.A total of 40 wistar male rats, four weeks old were divided into two groups of twenty animals each. The group I was a control group kept with no manipulation. The group II was submitted to the administration of 15mg DMH/Kg twice a week during eight weeks. The animals were sacrificed by the end of the 8th week and a necropsy was performed. The pancreas was collected and processed for histology, stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The section was used for histopathologic evaluation and morphometric analysis of the islets of Langerhans’ areas (La), using SigmaScan Pro®.In the control group (group I) La is 30804.36 ± 13109.6 px and varies between 29020.62 px and 59824.98 px for a 95% confidence interval. The distribution of the La in this group is: VL 0%; L 20,75%; M 58,49%; H 20,75% and VH 0%.In the test group (group II) La is 27367.64 ± 15053.85 px and varies between 25529.84 px and 29205.44 px for a 95% confidence interval. The La distribution in this group is: VL 0%; L 30.93%; M 54.68%; H 7.91% and VH 6.47%.According to these results the endocrine pancreas is a target of DHM and there is a significant decrease in the islets of Langerhans’ area in the sections.
Inhibition of superoxide anion‐mediated impairment of endothelium by treatment with luteolin in rat mesenteric artery
Authors: Li Yan‐fang , Ru Xiao‐chen , Wang Hui‐ping , Ma Xin , Jiang Li‐feng , Xia Qiang 
Published: June 2021

This study was designed (i) to test whether endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) and nitric oxide (NO) mediated vasorelaxation and hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) are impaired by superoxide anion, and (ii) to investigate the vasoprotection of luteolin against impaired endothelial function. Rat mesenteric arterial rings were isolated for isometric force recording and electrophysiological studies. Visualization of superoxide production was detected by fluorescent dye dihydroethidium. We found that 300μM pyrogallol decreased the relaxation and hyperpolarization of VSMC. Luteolin attenuated the loss of EDHF‐ and NO‐dependent vasorelaxation and the impairment of hyperpolarization to ACh induced by pyrogallol. Oxidative fluorescent microtopography showed that luteolin significantly reduced the superoxide levels induced by pyrogallol. The results suggest that exposure to superoxide anion impairs ACh‐induced relaxation and hyperpolarization of SMC in resistance arteries via impairing both EDHF‐ and NO‐mediated relaxation. Luteolin protects resistance arteries against superoxide anion caused injury, which implies that luteolin maybe effective in the therapy of vascular endothelium injury associated with oxidative stress.This work was supported by grant Y206179 from Zhejiang Provincial National Science Foundation of China.
Attenuation of Hydrogen Sulfide‐Induced Relaxation of Aorta from Diabetic Rats
Authors: Zangeneh Shiva , Oyekan Adebayo O , Yakubu Momoh A 
Published: June 2021

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) is the new gasotransmitter produced from L‐Cysteine by cystathionine‐β‐synthase, and cystathionine‐γ‐lyase causing vasorelaxation via activation of K(ATP)‐channel. Information on the regulation of the H2S vascular function in disease conditions is limited. We studied the effects of diabetes on H2S relaxation of aorta from rats treated with 70 mg/kg, i.p. streptozotocin (STZ) or vehicle. Vascular responses to H2S (10−6−10−2 M) was determined in control and diabetic aorta following contraction with PE (10−7) or 5‐Hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT, 10−6 M). Tension generated by PE or 5‐HT were dose‐dependently relaxed by application of H2S with the highest concentration of H2S 10−2 M producing 66% of the 5‐HT and 40% of the PE induced tension. In the STZ, relaxation by H2S was attenuated to 41 and 32% respectively for 5‐HT and PE tensions. In this study, both 5‐HT and PE‐induced tensions were significantly enhanced in the STZ compared to the control. The enhancement was significantly higher for 5‐HT at 2.03 ± 0.03 gm compared to PE at 1.47 ± 0.025 gm.In conclusion: H2S‐induced relaxation was selectively higher in the 5‐HT than in the PE pre‐contracted aortic rings and relaxations of aorta from STZ‐induced diabetic rats was selectively attenuated for 5‐HT‐ but not for PE‐induced tension. Thus, these selective effects could be due to the several mechanisms involved in the H2S‐induced vascular relaxation.This work was supported by grants from NHLBI: HL03674 and HL70669.
Accuracy of mouse aortic diameter measurement: comparison of videomicrometer and ultrasound
Authors: xiong Wanfen , Knispel rebecca A. , baxter bernard timothy 
Published: June 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of high‐resolution ultrasound in measuring the diameter of infrarenal abdominal aorta and to compare its use to videomicrometer, which is the most commonly used method in the studies of animal models of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).Methods: Mice (C57BL/6), at 8 weeks age, underwent AAA induction by periaortic application of CaCl2. The diameter of the infrarenal aorta was measured at aneurysm induction and 8 weeks after aneurysm induction with videomicrometer and ultrasound by M‐mode ultrasonography.Results: The mean diameter of the infrarenal abdominal aorta at aneurysm induction was 535 ± 8.3 μm by videomicrometer and 531 ± 7.9 μm by ultrasound. Eight weeks after CaCl2 aneurysm induction, the mean aortic diameter was 892 ± 59.1μm by videomicrometer and 902 ± 55.8 μm by ultrasound. The mean differences of the measured diameters by the two methods were 7.8 μm (SE=12.2 μm) at initial measurement and 10.3 μm (SE=36.9 μm) at 8 weeks after aneurysm induction. The linear correlation coefficient (r value) for the diameter after 8 weeks aneurysm induction was 0.785. Using this criteria, there was a consistent, relative narrowing calculated by both videomicrometer and ultrasound. Conclusion: The mean difference, when taken together with a good linear correlation coefficient of the diameters as measured by videomicrometer and ultrasound, makes this technique acceptable. In addition, ultrasound is suitable for keeping track of the aortic diameter changes during mouse aneurysm development and treatment without open surgery.
Expression of ETA and ETB receptor in adventitial fibroblasts
Authors: Di Wang Hui , Boyd Ryan , Forgione Andrea 
Published: June 2021

Objective: The adventitia has been recognized to play important roles in vascular remodeling and contraction. We recently demonstrated that adventitial fibroblasts are able to express endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) in response to angiotensin II (ANG II). However, it is unclear whether the ET‐1 receptors are expressed in the adventitia. We therefore examined the expression of both the ETA/B receptors and the roles of these two types of receptors in collagen synthesis and ET‐1 clearance in adventitial fibroblasts.Methods and Results: Adventitial fibroblasts were isolated and cultured from the thoracic mouse aorta. Cells were treated with ANG II (100 nM), the ET‐1 receptor antagonists (100 uM), BQ123 (ETA receptor) and/or BQ788 (ETB receptor). ET‐1 peptide levels were determined by ELISA, while ETA/B and collagen levels were determined by Western blot. ANG II increased ETA receptor protein as well as collagen in a similar fashion, reaching significance after 4, 6, and 24 hours treatment. ANG II induced collagen was reduced while in the presence of the ETA receptor antagonist suggesting the role of the ETA receptor in the regulation of the extracellular matrix. ANG II treatment also increased ETB receptor protein levels in time dependent manner. ANG II treatment in the presence of the ETB receptor antagonist significantly increased ET‐1 peptide levels, implicating the role of the ETB receptor in the clearance of the ET‐1 peptide.Conclusion: Both the ETA and ETB receptors are expressed in adventitial fibroblasts. The ETA receptor subtype mediates collagen I expression, while the ETB receptor may play a protective role through increasing the clearance of the ET‐1 peptide.
Sodium overload modulates the electrical activity of serotonergic (5HT) neurons of the dorsal raphé nucleus (DRN)
Authors: Godino Andrea , Carrer Hugo F , Vivas Laura 
Published: June 2021

Our previous results indicate that 5HT neuronal activity (as shown by Fos expression) within the DRN is modulated by body sodium status. The effect of body sodium overload on spontaneous firing frequency of the 5HT‐DRN neurons was analyzed.Male Wistar rats were anesthetized, and a catheter was inserted in the yugular vein; subsequently, a micropipette was stereotaxically lowered into the DRN in order to record single cell extracellular action potentials. After recording basal activity for 3 min, a group of rats received a sc injection of 2M NaCl solution (1.7 ml/min), and a second group of animals received an equal volume of 0.15 M NaCl. Fifteen minutes later we determined the neuronal phenotype by iv infusion of fluoxetine. To measure plasma sodium and osmolality other rats were submitted to the same protocol but were decapitated and bled 0, 5, 10 and 15 min after NaCl infusion.Four min after 2M NaCl infusion, neuronal activity increased significantly compared to the 0.15M NaCl group and basal recording activity. 0.15M NaCl infusion produced no change in spontaneous firing rate. Plasma sodium and osmolality significantly increased after 2M NaCl infusion compared to 0.15M NaCl group and baseline levels.We conclude that hypernatremic systemic states increase the firing rate of 5HT‐DRN cells, possibly to modulate sodium and water intake/excretion and avoid an extracellular volume expansion.Supported by ANPCyT CONICET.
Detrusor muscle contractility and compliance are impacted by diet in Ossabaw miniature pigs with metabolic syndrome (MetS)
Authors: Sharma Richa , Harden Barbara , Alloosh Mouhamad , Sturek Michael , Packer C. Subah 
Published: June 2021

The etiology of diabetic bladder dysfunction is not understood. Previous work suggests that MetS Ossabaw pigs have detrusor muscle that is stiffer than bladder muscle from lean pigs. The purpose of the current study was to determine if the loss of bladder muscle compliance is exacerbated in pigs manifesting robust MetS. Detrusor muscle strips from Ossabaw pigs maintained on either an excess kcal atherogenic diet or a control diet were mounted initially at slack length in muscle baths. Following equilibration, muscle strips were stimulated with supramaximal electrical field stimulation (EFS: 20 V, 60 Hz, AC, 10 sec). Following relaxation, strips were stretched in 0.5–1.5 mm increments. The cycles of incremental stretches followed by EFS‐induced contractions were repeated every 5 minutes until maximum total tension was achieved or the tissue yielded. Normalized passive and active length‐tension (L‐T) curves were generated. Due to small sample sizes (n=3/group), no statistical analyses are reported. However, both mean passive and active L‐T curves for bladder muscle from MetS pigs are elevated above the respective control curves indicating that MetS results in increased contractility in addition to decreased compliance of the bladder muscle. Stiffer bladders that are hypercontractile could explain both the incomplete voiding and increased urinary frequency experienced in diabetes which is characteristic of metabolic syndrome.(R Sharma is an APS Undergraduate Summer Research Fellow; B Harden was an Indy Project Seed Scholar; Support: NIH RR013223, HL062552)