bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on hospital admissions and outcome of acute coronary syndromes in a single high-volume centre in southeastern Europe
Authors: Petrović M. , Milovančev A. , Kovačević M. , Miljković T. , Ilić A. , Stojšić-Milosavljević A. , Golubović M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reached pandemic status, authors from the most severely affected countries have reported reduced rates of hospital admissions for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).AimThe aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of the COVID-19 outbreak on hospital admissions and outcomes in ACS patients in a single high-volume centre in southeastern Europe.MethodsThis retrospective observational study aimed to investigate the number of hospital admissions for ACS, clinical findings at admission, length of hospitalisation, major complications and in-hospital mortality during the COVID-19 outbreak and to compare the data with the same parameters during an equivalent time frame in 2019. For the ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) subgroup of patients, changes in ischaemic times were analysed as well.ResultsThere was a significant reduction of 44.3% in the number of patients admitted for ACS during the COVID-19 outbreak when compared with the same period in 2019 (151 vs 271; 95% confidence interval 38.4–50.2,p < 0.01) with a higher mortality rate (13.2% vs 7.2%,p = 0.03). In 2020, patients with non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction presented more often with acute heart failure (3.3% vs 0.7%,p = 0.04). During the COVID-19 outbreak, we observed increases in the total ischaemic time (303 ± 163.4 vs 200.8 ± 156.8 min,p < 0.05) and door-to-balloon time (69.2 ± 58.4 vs 50.5 ± 31.3 min,p < 0.01) in STEMI patients.ConclusionsThese findings should increase the awareness of morbidity and mortality related to missed or delayed treatment of ACS among the public and the healthcare services.
Clinical outcomes and functional analysis of third space robotic and endoscopic cooperative surgery versus laparoscopic wedge resection for gastric submucosal tumours: a propensity score-matched study
Authors: Shi Feiyu , Liu Gaixia , Sun Qi , zhang Haowei , Wu Hongtao , Xue Xiaobin , Li Yingchao , She Junjun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThird space robotic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (TS-RECS) is a novel minimally invasive surgery for resecting gastric submucosal tumours (GSMTs), which could accomplish the completely oncological curability and maximal functional preservation. This study investigated the clinical outcomes and gastrointestinal function after TS-RECS versus laparoscopic wedge resection (LWR) for GSMTs. This was a single-centre retrospective study that included 130 patients with GSMTs who underwent LWR or TS-RECS from 2013 to 2019. To overcome selection biases, we performed propensity score matching (1:1) using seven covariates that could impact the group assignment and outcomes. Then, the clinical outcomes and gastrointestinal function in the LWR and TS-RECS groups were compared in a matched cohort. Among the 130 enrolled patients, 96 patients underwent LWR, and 34 underwent TS-RECS and were matched into 30 patients for each group. There was no significant difference in the operation time between the two groups (P = 0.543). However, the TS-RECS group had significantly less blood loss (20,5–100 vs 95,10–310 ml, P < 0.0001) and better postoperative recovery in terms of time to oral intake (2,2–4 vs 3,2–6 days, P < 0.0001) and postoperative hospital stay (5,4–10 vs 8.5,5–16 days, P < 0.0001) than the LWR group. The severity and frequency scores of postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms in the TS-RECS group were significantly lower than those in the LWR group. The median follow-up period was 24 months (10–60 months) in the LWR group and 18 months (10–27 months) in the TS-RECS group, and there was in total a single recurrence in the LWR group. TS-RECS appears to be a technically safe and effective surgery with preservation of gastrointestinal function for resection of GSMT resection.
Three factor authentication system with modified ECC based secured data transfer: untrusted cloud environment
Authors: Vengala Dilip Venkata Kumar , Kavitha D. , Kumar A. P. Siva 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCloud computing (CC) is a technology that delivers its service by means of the internet. In the modern scenario, cloud storage services have gained attention. The cloud environment confronts data breaches expansively in cloud storage, which might bring about the disclosure of personal in addition to corporate data. Thus, the requirement arises for the creation of a more foremost authentication system. Customary authentication schemes depend on techniques, like Password Authentications Protocol (PAP), Challenge Handshakes Authentication Protocols (CHAP), as well as One-Time Pads (OTP), which are often susceptible to malevolent attacks as well as security threats. To shun such issues, this paper proposed a Modified ECC centred secure data transfer and a ‘3’-factor authentication scheme in the untrusted cloud environment. The proposed work comprises ‘3’ steps: authentication, data compression, and safe data transfer. In the authentication phase, the SHA-512 algorithm along with CCP is utilized. After that, the user-uploaded data is compressed utilizing CHA on the server-side. Next, MECC encrypts the compressed data, and then, safely uploaded it to the cloud server (CS). In the investigational appraisal, the proposed work is contrasted with the prevailing methods. The outcomes proved that the proposed work renders better security than the prevailing methods.
Evaluation of parameterized quantum circuits: on the relation between classification accuracy, expressibility, and entangling capability
Authors: Hubregtsen Thomas , Pichlmeier Josef , Stecher Patrick , Bertels Koen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn active area of investigation in the search for quantum advantage is quantum machine learning. Quantum machine learning, and parameterized quantum circuits in a hybrid quantum-classical setup in particular, could bring advancements in accuracy by utilizing the high dimensionality of the Hilbert space as feature space. But is the ability of a quantum circuit to uniformly address the Hilbert space a good indicator of classification accuracy? In our work, we use methods and quantifications from prior art to perform a numerical study in order to evaluate the level of correlation. We find a moderate to strong correlation between the ability of the circuit to uniformly address the Hilbert space and the achieved classification accuracy for circuits that entail a single embedding layer followed by 1 or 2 circuit designs. This is based on our study encompassing 19 circuits in both 1- and 2-layer configurations, evaluated on 9 datasets of increasing difficulty. We also evaluate the correlation between entangling capability and classification accuracy in a similar setup, and find a weak correlation. Future work will focus on evaluating if this holds for different circuit designs.
Mental Health and the Field Research Team
Authors: Eifling Kurt P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDue to the intellectual, physical, and emotional demands of field research, those doing this work need to strategies to monitor and maintain their own mental health before, during, and after a field season. Moreover, they should have a framework for supporting their colleagues. This review article will present a framework for assessing the mental health hazards and the reactions, both positive and negative, to fieldwork. First, it will use U.S. epidemiology to show that most field teams are at risk. Second, it will frame the field season both as a workplace and wilderness exposure event and discuss the elements of the field research environment that can be therapeutic for some but toxic for others. Third, it will discuss the psychological impacts of travel and reintegration as they are pertinent to the practice of archaeology. Research will be presented in order to guide evidence-informed policies for the field research team to improve the mental-health readiness and resiliency of the research team. Last, it will provide guidance on how to manage the anxiety caused by separating from social media platforms.
The Paradox of Planning: Agriculture, Schooling, and the Unresolvable Uncertainty of Ideal Family Size in Rural Sierra Leone
Authors: Bolten Catherine E. , Marcantonio Richard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPost-war Sierra Leone has experienced a population explosion that has raised questions among rural farmers about the relationship between family size and poverty. Agricultural decline and the high cost of schooling are not prompting parents to articulate a desire for smaller families; rather, they highlight that the uncertainty around articulating the “right” number of children is unresolvable because the ability to send children to school is predicated on increasing agricultural outputs that decline precisely because population pressure has reduced soil fertility. Bolten and Marcantonio conclude that this renders family size the heart of a paradox, where there is no optimal number of children.
Dietary diversity and associated factors among HIV-positive adults attending the anti-retroviral therapy clinic at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Said Hiwot Ahmed , Tsega Gebeyehu , Tesfaye Tadesse Dagget 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess dietary diversity (DD) and associated factors among human immune deficiency virus (HIV)-positive adults attending the anti-retroviral therapy (ART) clinic at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (FHCSH) in Northwest Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at FHCSH in 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select 352 study subjects. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and chart review. Statistical Package for the Social Science version 26 was used for analysis. A simple and multivariable binary logistic regression was used to determine associated factors. Two hundred and nine (59⋅4 %) adults had consumed a diversified diet. The mean individual DD score was 3⋅86 ± 1⋅18. Self-employment status (adjusted odd ratio (AOR): 4⋅60; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1⋅72, 12⋅27), quintiles of wealth index (the second (AOR: 4⋅33; 95 % CI: 1⋅72, 10⋅89), middle (AOR: 4⋅40; 95 % CI: 1⋅71, 11⋅31), fourth (AOR: 6⋅60; 95 % CI: 2⋅36, 18⋅48) and the highest quintiles (AOR: 9⋅45: 95 % CI: 3⋅34, 26⋅77), the last CD4 count 200–349 cells/mm3 (AOR: 8⋅08; 95 % CI: 2⋅93, 22⋅23), those who took first-line ART regimen drugs (AOR: 4⋅49; 95 % CI: 2⋅19, 9⋅21), subjects who did not take co-trimoxazole prophylaxis (AOR: 6⋅36; 95 % CI: 2⋅54, 15⋅88), those who had nutritional counselling at a health institution (AOR: 2⋅36; 95 % CI: 1⋅08, 5⋅16), had no food preference (AOR: 2⋅42; 95 % CI: 1⋅14, 5⋅13) and a food-secure household (AOR: 3⋅51; 95 % CI: 1⋅85, 6⋅67) were associated factors of DD among adults on ART. This study exhibited that the DD status among adults attending the ART clinic was below two-thirds. Health institutions and health professionals working at ART clinics shall strengthen their efforts to sustain the nutritional counselling service and ART adherence at health institutions and encourage the patients to avoid food preference for their meal. It is vital to ensure the household food security of adults on ART.
Late Pleistocene–Holocene stress in the South American intraplate evidenced by tectonic instability in central Amazonia
Authors: Rossetti Dilce F. , Bezerra Francisco H. R. , Valeriano Márcio M. , Molina Eder Cassola 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Documenting neotectonic instabilities and determining the style and time of deformation in the vast and difficult to access central Amazonia region is challenging. We focus on these issues by investigating a large area of the Negro River drainage basin, applying morphostructural analysis based on synthetic aperture radar data. The digital elevation models of the C-band Shuttle Radar Topography Mission and the L-band Protection System of Amazonia were used as the database. We also used subsurface magnetic information from the Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid global model to validate the morphostructures. The results revealed NW-oriented morphostructural lineaments bounding multiple depositional valley fills. These were extensively fragmented to form regularly distributed en échelon rectangular blocks commonly offset horizontally by several kilometers. Strike-slip faults and oblique, either normal or reverse, faults are present. These structures were reactivated along the main NE- and SW-oriented regional structural trends due to N-S-oriented horizontal compression and E-W-oriented horizontal extension in the late Pleistocene and Holocene. The extensive neotectonic faulting results from the interplay of plate motion and Andean uplifting since the late Pleistocene, combined with local stresses.
Shining a light on parasite behaviour: daily patterns ofArgulusfish lice
Authors: Hunt Rhi , Cable Jo , Ellison Amy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractParasites display a wide range of behaviours that are frequently overlooked in favour of host responses. Understanding these behaviours can improve parasite control through a more precise application or development of new behaviour-based strategies. In aquaculture fish lice are an ongoing problem, infections reduce fishery production and control options are limited. Fish lice are distinct in their ability to survive and swim off hosts, allowing the transmission to multiple fish hosts across their lifespan. Here we assessed the off-host behaviour ofArgulus foliaceus(a freshwater fish louse) and observed a diurnal rhythmical pattern in their behaviour. This pattern was lost when lice were exposed to constant darkness, indicating that the behaviour is not endogenously driven. Males were consistently active in light with reduced activity in darkness. In contrast, females were active during light and dark phases with peak activity at the start of dark periods.A. foliaceuswas also strongly attracted to a light stimulus, preferring white- and blue-coloured lights over green- or red-coloured lights. Light is a strong driver of fish louse activity and could be used to trap parasites. Aquaculture light regimes could also be altered to reduce parasite attraction and activity.
Impact of Atmospheric Deposition on Carbon Export to the Deep Ocean in the Subtropical Northwest Pacific
Authors: Xiu Peng , Chai Fei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe impact of atmospheric deposition on deep‐ocean carbon export in the subtropical Northwest Pacific remains poorly evaluated. Using sediment trap data and a newly improved biogeochemical model, we show that iron deposition in winter and spring and nitrogen deposition in summer and fall are important drivers for the seasonal variability of deep‐ocean particulate organic carbon (POC) export flux. Nitrogen deposition can stimulate pico‐plankton growth in summer and fall, which leads to increases of microzooplankton and mesozooplankton. The increase of mesozooplankton exerts higher grazing pressure on diatoms in winter and early spring, which then reduces deep‐ocean POC export due to the reduction of ballasting mineral of opal. Iron deposition only affects the region in winter and spring when nitrogen is not a limiting factor for phytoplankton growth; and it can increase deep‐ocean POC export by stimulating diatom growth and opal production.
Non‐Monotonic Response of the Climate System to Abrupt CO2 Forcing
Authors: Mitevski Ivan , Orbe Clara , Chemke Rei , Nazarenko Larissa , Polvani Lorenzo M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe explore the climate system response to abrupt CO2 forcing, spanning the range 1× to 8×CO2, with two state‐of‐the‐art coupled atmosphere‐ocean‐sea‐ice‐land models: the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Model E2.1‐G (GISS‐E2.1‐G) and the Community Earth System Model (CESM‐LE). We find that the effective climate sensitivity is a non‐monotonic function of CO2 in both models, reaching a minimum at 3×CO2 for GISS‐E2.1‐G, and 4×CO2 for CESM‐LE. A similar non‐monotonic response is found in Northern Hemisphere surface temperature, sea‐ice, precipitation, the latitude of zero precipitation‐minus‐evaporation, and the strength of the Hadley cell. Interestingly, the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation collapses when non‐monotonicity appears and does not recover for larger CO2 forcings. Analyzing the climate response over the same CO2 range with slab‐ocean versions of the same models, we demonstrate that the climate system’s non‐monotonic response is linked to ocean dynamics.
Lower Tropospheric Processes: A Control on the Global Mean Precipitation Rate
Authors: Hendrickson Jacob M. , Terai Christopher R. , Pritchard Michael S. , Caldwell Peter M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe spread in global mean precipitation among climate models is explored in two ensembles using the complementary perspectives of surface evaporation and energy budgets. Models with higher global mean precipitation have stronger oceanic evaporation, driven by drier near‐surface air. The drier surface conditions occur alongside increases in near‐surface temperature and moisture at 925 hPa, which point to stronger boundary layer mixing. Correlations suggest that the degree of lower tropospheric mixing explains 18%–49% of the intermodel precipitation variance. To test this hypothesis, the degree of mixing is indirectly varied in a single‐model experiment by adjusting the relative humidity threshold that controls low‐cloud fraction. Indeed, increasing lower tropospheric mixing results in more global mean precipitation. Energetically, increased precipitation rates are associated with more downwelling longwave radiation to the surface and weaker sensible heat fluxes. These results highlight how lower‐tropospheric processes must be better constrained to reduce the precipitation discrepancy among climate models.
Thermal Modeling of the Lunar Regolith at the Chang'E‐4 Landing Site
Authors: Lin Honglei , Li Shuai , Lin Yangting , Liu Yang , Wei Yong , Yang Wei , Yang Yazhou , Hu Sen , Wu Xing , Xu Rui , Li Chunlai , He Zhiping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccurate assessments of surface temperatures on the Moon are important for understanding the physical properties of the lunar surface regolith and thermal effects on the reflectance spectra beyond 2 μm. The local time resolved spectral measurements of the same region were used to estimate the surface temperature at the Chang'E‐4 landing site. The results show that the surface temperatures at the landing site at lunar local time 14:28–14:41 are 346 ± 8 K. The spectral absorptions at ∼2 μm of the lunar surface are overestimated without sufficient thermal removal, and consequently may have resulted in overestimation of pyroxene and/or glasses at the landing site. The results play a foundation for correcting thermal effects of reflectance data that will be acquired by Chang'E‐5 and ‐6 and possible other future Chang'E missions.
Direct Observation of Sulfate Explosive Growth in Wet Plumes Emitted From Typical Coal‐Fired Stationary Sources
Authors: Ding Xiang , Li Qing , Wu Di , Wang Xiaoyan , Li Mei , Wang Tao , Wang Lin , Chen Jianmin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe origins of atmospheric sulfate production have previously been explained by focusing on air quality models and complex chemical reaction processes. Here, we first report direct observations of sulfate production in stack plumes discharged from coal‐fired power plants, industrial boilers, and sintering plants equipped with wet desulfurization systems. Less than one third of the particulate SO42− in plumes is attributed to dust‐SO42− and SO3 measured in stacks. The SO2 aqueous‐phase oxidation process is critical in explaining the unknown sulfate formation in plume droplets with pH values ranging from 2.3 to 2.8. When the rapidly formed sulfate in wet plumes is included, a notable amount of underestimated sulfate (∼0.24 Tg in 2017) is emitted from industrial stacks in China and can partially explain the “missing sulfate” on driving most particle pollution episodes. Policy‐making targeting particulate emissions is suggested to substantially reduce sulfate emissions for further air quality improvement.
Electron‐Scale Measurements of Antidipolarization Front
Authors: Xu Yin , Fu Huishan , Cao Jinbin , Liu Chengming , Norgren Cecilia , Chen Zuzheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAntidipolarization fronts (ADFs), usually formed at the leading edge of the tailward reconnection jets in the Earth's magnetotail, are characterized by sharp enhancements of southward magnetic field (negative Bz). The fine structures at electron scale of the ADFs have not been studied so far, due to instrumental limitations and large separation of previous spacecraft. Here, we use the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission to investigate the structure and dynamics of an ADF at electron scale. We find an intense current at the ADF, with the parallel current carried by a fast electron jet and the perpendicular current contributed by ion flow. Strong electric fields are found at the front and balanced by Hall term. The ion current leads to strong energy conversion, transforming the electromagnetic energy into particle energy. Our study makes essential steps toward understanding ADF dynamics in the magnetotail.
Jupiter's Ion Radiation Belts Inward of Europa's Orbit
Authors: Kollmann P. , Clark G. , Paranicas C. , Mauk B. , Roussos E. , Nénon Q. , Garrett H. B. , Sicard A. , Haggerty D. , Rymer A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractJupiter is surrounded by intense and energetic radiation belts, yet most of the available in‐situ data, in volume and quality, were taken outward of Europa's orbit, where radiation conditions are not as extreme. Here, we study measurements of ions of tens of keV to tens of MeV at <10 Jupiter radii (RJ) distance to Jupiter, therefore inward of the orbit of Europa. Ion intensities drop around 6 RJ, near Io's orbit. Previous missions reported on radiation belts of tens and hundreds of MeV ions located between 2 and 4 RJ. Measurements of lower energies were not conclusive because high energy particles often contaminate the measurement of lower energy particles. Here, we show for the first time that ions in the hundreds of keV range are present and suggest that ions may extend even into the GeV range. The observation of charged particles yields information on the entire field line, not just the local field. We find that there is a region close to Jupiter where no magnetic trapping is possible. Jupiter's innermost radiation belt is located at <2 RJ, inward of the main ring. Previous work suggested that this belt is sourced by re‐ionized energetic neutral atoms coming steadily inward from distant regions. Here, we perform a phase space density analysis that shows consistency with such a local source. However, an alternative explanation is that the radiation belt is populated by occasional strong radial transport and then decays on the timescale of years.