bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La importancia de la actitud del docente universitario: validación de una escala para su consideración.
Authors: Hernández Ramos Juan Pablo , Martínez Abad Fernando 
Published: April 2021

El estudio de la calidad y la mejora de la docencia universitaria se basa en la mayoría de las ocasiones en la formación del docente, dejando a un lado otros factores transcendentales como puede ser la actitud. Considerada como el comportamiento del docente en base a sus conocimientos y experiencias, este trabajo presenta la validación de una escala de actitud hacia la docencia en base a 3 dimensiones: personal, docente y profesional. Tras una validación de contenido por jueces, se aplica la escala a una muestra, representativa por rama de conocimiento y categoría profesional, de 161 profesores universitarios de la Universidad de Salamanca. El análisis psicométrico de la escala, formada por 13 ítems tipo Likert con cinco opciones de respuesta, muestra correlaciones ítem total medias-bajas, un índice de fiabilidad aceptable (α de Cronbach=.75) y una estructura factorial clara y consistente donde se confirma la existencia de los tres factores. Así mismo, se destaca la mayor distinción de las dimensiones docente (.854) y profesional (.885), frente a la investigadora (.553). Se concluye incidiendo en la importancia de considerar las actitudes del profesorado como indicador relevante de estudio en la enseñanza superior, empleando escalas válidas y fiables como la que se ofrece en este artículo. Como líneas de investigación futuras, queda abierta la puerta a una nueva validación del instrumento en nuevos contextos de enseñanza universitaria.
The study of the quality and improvement of university teaching is mostly based on teacher training, leaving aside other transcendental factors such as attitude. Considered as the behavior of the teacher based on their knowledge and experiences, this work shows the validation of a scale of attitude towards teaching based on 3 dimensions: personal, teaching and research. After content validation by judges, the scale is applied to a representative sample, by branch of knowledge and professional category, of 161 university teachers at the University of Salamanca. The psychometric analysis of the scale, made up of 13 Likert type items with five answer possibilities, shows correlations between average and low total items, an acceptable reliability index (α de Cronbach=.75) and a clear and consistent factor structure where the existence of the three factors is confirmed. In addition, there is a greater distinction between the teaching (.854) and professional (.885) dimensions, as opposed to the researcher (.553). It concludes by stressing the importance of considering the attitudes of teachers as a relevant indicator of study in higher education, using valid and reliable scales such as that offered in this article. As future lines of research, the door remains open to a new validation of the instrument in new contexts of higher education.
Evidencia del desarrollo del pensamiento de orden superior en profesores universitarios, a partir de pruebas formuladas según la taxonomía SOLO
Authors: Flórez Gutiérrez Alfredo , Ome Moreno Paola Andrea , Castellanos Adame Mariel Evelyng 
Published: April 2021

La propuesta investigativa buscó evidenciar la presencia de pensamiento de orden superior (POS), en docentes universitarios a partir de la aplicación de un instrumento de diagnóstico enfocado en las competencias y estructurado mediante la taxonomía SOLO (Structure of Observed Learning Outcome) y la teoría de respuesta al ítem (TRI), propuesta en el modelo Rasch. El instrumento fue elaborado por docentes de la Corporación Universitaria del Caribe (CECAR), en el marco de un proceso de fortalecimiento de la calidad educativa denominada “Enseñar a Pensar”. Los resultados demuestran la efectividad del instrumento para determinar la relación directa entre la habilidad de respuesta frente al ítem, la identificación de niveles de formación según la taxonomía SOLO y la presencia de POS. Sin embargo, el diagnóstico no fue muy satisfactorio, ya que solo el 4.3% y el 6.6% de la población docente respondió las preguntas del nivel abstracto ampliado, sobre las competencias de lectura crítica y razonamiento cuantitativo
This paper aims to show the presence of higher order thinking, in university teachers through the application of a diagnostic instrument focus on competencies and structured by using the SOLO taxonomy (Structure of Observed Learning Outcome) and the item response theory (IRT), proposed in the Rasch model. The instrument was developed by teachers from CECAR, within the framework of a process of strengthening educational quality called “Teaching to Think”. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the instrument to determine a direct relationship between the response ability against the item, the identification of training levels according to SOLO taxonomy and the presence of higher order thinking. However, the diagnosis was not very satisfactory, due to only 4.3% y el 6.6% of the teachers answered the questions of the extended abstract level, about the critical reading skills and quantitative reasoning respectively.
Análisis a través de modelaje estructural de la relación entre prácticas docentes, pluriculturalidad e inclusión educativa
Authors: De Barros Camargo Claudia , Hernández Fernández Antonio , Ortiz Cobo Mónica 
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre las prácticas docentes desde el enfoque de la pluriculturalidad y la inclusión educativa. El diseño de investigación es no experimental, explicativo y correlacional. Se ha utilizado una escala Likert validada en constructo y contenido. La muestra es de 1575 participantes (estudiantes universitarios y docentes). Fue realizado un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio para validar la construcción de la escala y una correlación P (Pearson). El modelaje a través de ecuaciones estructurales nos permite algunas conclusiones, entre ellas que las prácticas del profesorado deben tener carácter pluricultural e inclusivo, siendo dos aspectos que influyen en las prácticas, sin que sea relevante su vinculación.
This article aims to analyze the relationship between teaching practices from the perspective of multiculturalism and educational inclusion. The research design is non-experimental, explanatory and correlational. A Likert scale validated in construct and content has been used. The sample is 1575 participants (university students and teachers). An Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed to validate the construction of the scale and a P (Pearson) correlation. The modeling through structural equations allows us some conclusions, among them that the practices of the teaching staff should have a pluricultural and inclusive character, being two aspects that influence the practices, without their linkage being relevant.
Estudio acerca de las opiniones del profesorado universitario en la Región de Murcia sobre la formación de métodos activos
Authors: Jiménez Hernández David , Sancho Requena Patricia , Sánchez Fuentes Sergio 
Published: April 2021

La formación del profesorado universitario supone el principal vehículo de cambio y mejora educativa en el marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). Sin embargo, existen una serie de factores que pueden impedir su formación y, por tanto, su repercusión en los estudiantes y en la sociedad. En este sentido, este trabajo describe las posibles dificultades que pueden surgir respecto de variables tales como: los años de experiencia docente, edad, género, área del conocimiento en la que imparten docencia, figura profesional o formación universitaria recibida. Para ello, se desarrolló un cuestionario ad hoc que fue aplicado a 501 docentes universitarios. Los resultados mostraron que la falta de tiempo y de ofertas formativas cercanas suponen los principales impedimentos para una mejor formación. No obstante, llevar poco tiempo como docente o preferir otro tipo de formación, mostraron también significatividad dentro de las variables estudiadas. De esta manera, los autores de este trabajo concluyen que se deberían ampliar los incentivos para que los docentes estén motivados con el fin de mejorar su calidad docente a través de nuevas metodologías activas, además de establecer planes sólidos en la oferta de formación académica de las universidades.
The training of university professors is the principal way to change and to improve the education in the framework of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). However, there are several factors that can impede their training and, therefore, their impact on students and society. In this sense, this paper describes that possible difficulties may arise regarding variables such as: years of teaching experience, age, gender, area of knowledge in which they teach, professional figure or university training received. For this, an ad hoc questionnaire was developed that was applied to 501 university professors. The results showed how the lack of time and nearby training offers are the main impediments to better training. Despite having been a teacher for a short time or preferring another type of training, they also showed significance within the variables studied. In this way, the authors of this work conclude that incentives should be expanded so that teachers are motivated in order to improve their teaching quality through new active methodologies, in addition to establishing solid plans in the offer of academic training of the universities.
La perpétuelle inauthenticité. Problématiser la quête d’authenticité chez les personnes ayant des problèmes de santé mentale « sévères et persistants »
Authors: Roy Mélissa 
Published: April 2021

Cette étude explore, à partir d’un cadre théorique foucaldien, le rapport à l’authenticité chez les individus ayant des problèmes de santé mentale « sévères et persistants », via l’analyse des actes de vérité qu’ils émettent sur leurs expériences d’autogestion. Les résultats indiquent que l’authenticité est conçue comme l’amas de six marqueurs ontologiques, dont la plupart sont perçus comme inatteignables. Nous postulons que cet écart à l’authenticité résulte 1) de l’hypernormalité de l’authenticité; et 2) de conflits entre les marqueurs d’authenticité. L’inauthenticité est réfléchie comme caractéristique potentielle de la folie contemporaine et des pistes de réflexion pour l’intervention sociale sont proposées.
The Next 500 Years
Authors: Mason Christopher E. 
Published: April 2021

An argument that we have a moral duty to explore other planets and solar systems—because human life on Earth has an expiration date.
Inevitably, life on Earth will come to an end, whether by climate disaster, cataclysmic war, or the death of the sun in a few billion years. To avoid extinction, we will have to find a new home planet, perhaps even a new solar system, to inhabit. In this provocative and fascinating book, Christopher Mason argues that we have a moral duty to do just that. As the only species aware that life on Earth has an expiration date, we have a responsibility to act as the shepherd of life-forms—not only for our species but for all species on which we depend and for those still to come (by accidental or designed evolution). Mason argues that the same capacity for ingenuity that has enabled us to build rockets and land on other planets can be applied to redesigning biology so that we can sustainably inhabit those planets. And he lays out a 500-year plan for undertaking the massively ambitious project of reengineering human genetics for life on other worlds.
As they are today, our frail human bodies could never survive travel to another habitable planet. Mason describes the toll that long-term space travel took on astronaut Scott Kelly, who returned from a year on the International Space Station with changes to his blood, bones, and genes. Mason proposes a ten-phase, 500-year program that would engineer the genome so that humans can tolerate the extreme environments of outer space—with the ultimate goal of achieving human settlement of new solar systems. He lays out a roadmap of which solar systems to visit first, and merges biotechnology, philosophy, and genetics to offer an unparalleled vision of the universe to come.
Superior Low‐Temperature Reversible Adhesion Based on Bio‐Inspired Microfibrillar Adhesives Fabricated by Phenyl Containing Polydimethylsiloxane Elastomers
Authors: Xia Shuang , Chen Yukun , Tian Jinfeng , Shi Jinfeng , Geng Chengzhen , Zou Huawei , Liang Mei , Li Zhibo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGecko‐inspired microfibrillar adhesives have achieved great progress in microstructure design and adhesion improvement over the past two decades. Space applications nowadays show great interest in this material for the characteristics of reversible adhesion and universal van der Waals interactions. However, the impact of harsh environment of space on the performance of microfibrillar adhesives, especially the extreme low temperature, is rarely addressed. Herein, microfibrillar adhesives fabricated by phenyl containing polydimethylsiloxane (p‐PDMS) elastomers with superior low‐temperature reversible adhesion is proposed. p‐PDMS elastomers are synthesized through one‐pot anionic ring‐opening copolymerization, and the resulting elastomers become non‐crystallizable with excellent low‐temperature elasticity. Low‐temperature adhesion tests demonstrate that the adhesion strength of microfibrillar adhesives fabricated by p‐PDMS elastomers can be well maintained to as low as −120 °C. In contrast, the adhesion strength of pure PDMS microfibrillar adhesive reduces more than 50% below its crystallization temperature. The low‐temperature cyclic adhesion tests further demonstrate that p‐PDMS microfibrillar adhesives exhibit superior reversible adhesion compared to that of PDMS microfibrillar adhesives, owing to the sustainable conformal contact and even distribution of loads over repeated cycles. This study provides a new fabrication strategy for microfibrillar adhesives, and is beneficial for the practical application of microfibrillar adhesives.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkene Thioacylation: A C−S Bond Activation Approach for Accessing Indanone Derivatives
Authors: Wu Jianing , Xu Wen‐Hua , Lu Hong , Xu Peng‐Fei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular alkene thioacylation reaction initiated by the activation of thioester C(acyl)−S bonds is reported. This approach successfully suppressed decarbonylation and β‐hydrogen elimination with related acyl and alkyl metal thiolate intermediates, providing an efficient and atom‐economical method to access indanone scaffolds. Mechanistic studies provide support for C(acyl)−Pd bond insertion of olefins. The synthetic utility of this protocol is demonstrated by the further conversion of the newly formed methylene sulfide substituent.magnified image
The aerial panopticon and the ethics of archaeological remote sensing in sacred cultural spaces
Authors: Davis Dylan S. , Buffa Danielle , Rasolondrainy Tanambelo , Creswell Ebony , Anyanwu Chiamaka , Ibirogba Abiola , Randolph Clare , Ouarghidi Abderrahim , Phelps Leanne N. , Lahiniriko François , Chrisostome Zafy Maharesy , Manahira George , Douglass Kristina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRemote sensing technology has become a standard tool for archaeological prospecting. Yet the ethical guidelines associated with the use of these technologies are not well established and are even less‐often discussed in published literature. With a nearly unobstructed view of large geographic spaces, aerial and spaceborne remote sensing technology creates an asymmetrical power dynamic between observers and the observed. Here, we explore the power dynamics involved with aerial and spaceborne remote sensing, using Foucault's notion of power and the panopticon. In many other areas of archaeological practice, such power imbalances have been actively confronted by collaborative approaches and community engagement, but remote sensing archaeology has been largely absent from such interventions. We discuss how aerial and spaceborne imagery is perceived by local communities in southwest Madagascar and advocate for a more collaborative approach to remote sensing archaeology that includes local stakeholders and researchers in all levels of data acquisition, analysis, and dissemination.
Capacity and Sizing of Wire Mesh Mist Eliminators at Critical Fluid Properties
Authors: Flegiel Felix , Windmeier Christoph , Wiezorek Michael , Döß Alexander , Schubert Markus , Hampel Uwe , Schleicher Eckhard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWire mesh flooding point measurements at low surface tension < 10 mN m−1 were conducted using a refrigerant as model fluid. A new method for the calculation of wire mesh capacity was developed based on experimental data from literature and data from this study. In comparison to the well‐known and widely adapted K‐value method given in the Gas Processors Suppliers Association (GPSA) Engineering Databook and various other sources, the new method yields 3–38 % reduced wire mesh cross sections for fluid systems at pressures above 20 bar(a) while retaining an inherent safety margin.
Color order systems, color mixtures, and the role of cesia
Authors: Caivano José Luis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo questions are mainly discussed in this article: (a) how the shape of color order systems is related to different types of chromatic mixtures, and (b) how the opacity or transparency (an aspect of cesia) of the coloring media involved in the mixtures define the results, beyond the established categories of additive, partitive, and subtractive mixtures. The degree of transparency, translucency, or opacity of the material used certainly has a great influence on these processes and in the results obtained, and we could also think that the degree of gloss or matte finish of the surfaces affects the mixtures as well. The underlying idea is that these processes are of a gradualist nature, and that a continuous sequence can be traced between two poles: additive mixture of overlapping lights, on one side, and subtractive mixture of transparent color layers, on the other one. Thus, instead of just three separate or unconnected types of color mixtures, we can postulate a model based upon a gradual sequence between additive and subtractive mixture, with partitive mixture as one of the steps in between. A schematic 3D model of gradual transformation is proposed to encompass different color systems that represent any possible mixture between additive and subtractive.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of Alkenylazaarenes and 2‐Aminoquinolines through Base‐Mediated Aerobic Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Benzyl Alcohols
Authors: Dahatonde Dipak J. , Ghosh Aritra , Batra Sanjay 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA metal‐free, base‐mediated, and atom‐efficient oxidative dehydrogenative coupling of substituted phenylmethanols (benzyl alcohols) with methyl azaarenes or phenylacetonitriles to afford substituted alkenylazaarenes or 2‐aminoquinolines, respectively is described. CsOH.H2O was discovered to be the base of choice for obtaining optimal yields of the title compounds, although the reaction could proceed with KOH as well. The protocol that works efficiently in the presence of air is amenable over broad range of substrates.
The influence of organic pollutant load and external resistance on the performance of a solid phase microbial fuel cell fed orange peel wastes
Authors: Hariti Mhamed , Chemlal Radia , Drouiche Madani , Mameri Nabil 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe degradation of organic matter in marine sediments could be taken advantage of to produce electricity by using a sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) inspired system. A single solid phase microbial fuel cell (SPMFC) in which orange peel wastes were supplemented as a carbon source mixed to marine sediments produced a power of 0.33 mW and a voltage of 0.7 V. By stacking multiple SPMFCs powers of 2.08 mW were generated for a voltage of 4.6 V. The use of dewatered sludge to inoculate the marine sediment improved the SPMFCs' performance. The removal of organic matter in the SPMFC system under closed circuit conditions was very interesting, removal rates were 19%–40% from readily oxidizable organic matter,15 to 35% for loss on ignition and 22%–55% for total organic carbon, indicating the possibility of using these systems to treat solid organic wastes and produce electricity at the same time.
Long‐term effects of malnutrition on early‐life famine survivors and their offspring: New evidence from the Great Vietnam Famine 1944–45
Authors: Guven Cahit , Hoang Trung , Rahman Muhammad H. , Ulubaşoğlu Mehmet A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe investigate the long‐term effects of the 1944–45 Great Vietnam Famine on early‐life survivors and their offspring using census data, household survey data and historical administrative data. Unlike previous famine studies, we measure famine severity using a unique, more direct, and “plausibly exogenous” metric of food availability: province‐level excess paddy (rice) production per capita in 1944. Our study makes two novel contributions. First, we overcome several selection problems associated with the estimation of true famine effects, given the short duration and spatial variation of the Vietnamese famine. Second, we investigate the intergenerational effects of famine, focusing specifically on the occupation of the survivors' parents and the school participation of the survivors' offspring. Our preferred specification estimates generalized triple differences that allow us to control for birth‐year and birth‐province fixed effects and nation‐wide shocks. Our findings suggest that the Vietnamese famine reduced literacy by around 3 percent, BMI by 5.6%–8.4%, arm‐length by 4.5%–6.7% (1.1–1.7 cm), height by 2.2%–3.2% (3.4–5 cm), and weight by 10%–14% (4.7–6.9 kg) among the affected cohort. These detrimental famine effects also extended to economic welfare, in the form of lower household incomes and lower non‐food household expenditures in adulthood. We also document a 4.9%–7.2% reduction in school participation among survivors' offspring, which has major implications for the exogenous origins of social mobility, inequality, and poverty.
An empirical study of consumers' intention to use biometric facial recognition as a payment method
Authors: Moriuchi Emi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInterests in technology innovation has increased in many organizations. Collaborations among technology providers and marketers are occurring as they integrate these biometric technologies as a means of convenience and security for their consumers. Despite the benefits of integrating new technology to ease consumers' shopping experience, consumers are skeptical about using technology that requires their biometric data. Two studies were conducted to investigate the trust toward these biometric payment systems. Study 1 was conducted through a survey. The study investigated antecedents that affect consumers' trust of, attitude toward, and usage of a biometric payment system. Based on the results from Study 1, Study 2 was conducted by introducing two shopping modalities in the study. The results show that consumers would rather use a biometric payment system in stores than online. Between the two modalities, consumers' trust and attitude toward the technology have a stronger mediating role for online than in‐store toward their intention to use. In addition, self‐efficacy consistently moderates the antecedents (performance expectation and perceived risk) and their intention to use.