bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Synchrotron-based Far-infrared Spectrum of Glycolaldehyde
Authors: Collier Breanna , Krueger Kristopher , Miller Isaac , Zhao Jianbao , Billinghurst Brant E. , Raston Paul L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Glycolaldehyde (GA) has been observed toward several different sources, with a broad range of rotational temperatures (8–300 K). At the high end, the temperature is comparable to the energy of the lowest vibrational states of GA, making the vibrational contribution to the partition function significant. Here, we report an analysis of the high-resolution far-infrared spectrum of GA, which features a plethora of well-resolved lines from 170–430 cm−1 (13–5 THz). We focus on the three fundamental vibrational bands in this range, i.e., the symmetric ν
12 bend at 282 cm−1, and the asymmetric ν
17 and ν
18 torsions at 360 and 208 cm−1, respectively. We assigned 23,266 transitions to 13,999 lines within these bands, which, when combined with the previously reported microwave and millimeter-wave spectra, allowed for refinement of the vibrationally excited rotational constants, and accurate determination of their band origins. Additionally, the assignment of a number of lines in several hot bands that are significantly populated at 300 K allowed for determination of their band origins. The rotational constants reported here should be useful in searches of vibrationally excited GA toward warm sources, and the accurately determined band origins allow for refinement of the vibrational partition function, and therefore column density, for a given excitation temperature.
The Hα Dots Survey. IV. A Fourth List of Faint Emission-line Objects
Authors: Watkins Joseph D. , Salzer John J. , Sistine Angela Van , Hayslip Ana , Hoar Eric , Rampalli Rayna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present the fourth catalog of serendipitously discovered compact extragalactic emission-line sources—Hα Dots. A total of 454 newly discovered objects are included in the current survey list. These objects have been detected in searches of moderately deep narrowband images acquired for the ALFALFA Hα project. The catalog of Hα Dots presented in the current paper was derived from searches carried out using ALFALFA Hα images obtained with the KPNO 2.1 m telescope. This results in a substantially deeper sample of Dots compared to our previous lists, which were all discovered in images taken with the WIYN 0.9 m telescope. The median R-band magnitude of the current catalog is 21.59, more than 1.6 mag fainter than the median for the 0.9 m sample (a factor of 4.4× fainter). Likewise, the median emission-line flux of the detected sources is a factor of 4.3× fainter. The line flux completeness limit of the current sample is ~3 × 10−16 erg s−1 cm−2. We present accurate coordinates, apparent magnitudes, and narrowband line fluxes for each object in the sample. Unlike our previous lists of Hα Dots, the current sample does not include follow-up spectroscopy.
Revisiting the Fundamental Parameters of 49 New Star Clusters in Gaia DR2
Authors: Li Zhongmu , Deng Yangyang , Chen Jing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Reliable fundamental parameters of star clusters such as distance modulus, metallicity, age, extinction, and binary fraction are of key importance for astrophysical studies. Although a lot of new star clusters were identified from the data of, e.g., Gaia Data Release 2 (Gaia DR2), the fundamental parameters of many clusters were not determined reliably. This work makes use of the photometry data of Gaia DR2 and a good color–magnitude diagram (CMD) analysis tool, Powerful CMD, to determine the fundamental parameters of 49 new star clusters in detail. All CMDs are fitted carefully by both statistics and by eye, to make sure the CMDs are reproduced as well as possible. As a result, the fundamental parameters of 22 clusters are determined reliably, and those of the others are also determined as well as we can. Because the width of the main sequence in the color direction is used, combined with other widely used CMD features to constrain the fundamental parameters, the results of this work are more reliable than those reported by single-star isochrone fits. As a feature of this work, the primordial binary fractions and rotating star fractions of star clusters have been reported, which are useful for many works, in particular for some simulation research.
Terminator Double Layer Explorer (TerDLE): Examining the Near-Moon Lunar Wake
Authors: Farrell W. M. , Clark P. E. , Collier M. R. , Malphrus B. , Folta D. C. , Keidar M. , Bradley D. C. , MacDowall R. J. , Keller J. W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As the solar wind flows by the Moon, an antisunward-directed low-density wake forms as the plasma expands to fill in the trailing void in the plasma flow. Analytical modeling and modern plasma simulations suggest that plasma quasi-neutrality could possibly be broken close to the terminator obstruction as solar wind electrons expand into the wake ahead of the ions, leading to the formation of a standing (time-stationary) double layer. The objective of the Terminator Double Layer Explorer is to extend the fundamental understanding of the plasma expansion into the trailing near-vacuum wake region by (1) identifying any plasma expansion density anomalies at low altitudes near the terminator wake initiation region, (2) assessing the highly variable solar wind’s effect on the low-altitude wake region, and (3) determining if plasma neutrality is maintained or lost during passages through the low-altitude expansion region. The mission concept uses a propulsion-driven CubeSat with ion spectrometer and plasma wave system in elliptical orbit about the Moon with periselene near the terminator. Over the course of the mission, the periselene decreases, placing the CubeSat ever closer to the terminator wake initiation location and the possible nonneutral region.
Fractionation of Solar Wind Minor Ion Precipitation by the Lunar Paleomagnetosphere
Authors: Poppe A. R. , Garrick-Bethell I. , Fatemi S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The analysis of solar wind material implanted within lunar soil has provided significant insight into the makeup and evolutionary history of the solar wind and, by extension, the Sun and protosolar nebula. These analyses often rely on the tacit assumption that the Moon has served as an unbiased recorder of solar wind composition over its 4.5 billion yr lifetime. Recent work, however, has shown that for a majority of its lifetime, the Moon has possessed a dynamo that generates a global magnetic field with surface field strengths of at least 5 μT. In turn, the presence of such a field has been shown to significantly alter the lunar–solar wind interaction via the formation of a lunar “paleomagnetosphere.” This paleomagnetosphere has implications for the flux of solar wind minor ions to the lunar surface and their subsequent implantation in lunar soil grains. Here we use a three-dimensional hybrid plasma model to investigate the effects of the lunar paleomagnetosphere on the dynamics and precipitation of solar wind minor ions to the lunar surface. The model results show that the lunar paleomagnetosphere can suppress minor ion fluxes to the lunar surface by more than an order of magnitude and strongly fractionates the precipitating solar wind in a complex, nonlinear fashion with respect to both the minor ion charge-to-mass ratio and the surface paleomagnetic field strength. We discuss the implications of these results with respect to both the analysis of trapped material in lunar grains and the semiquantitative 40Ar/36Ar antiquity indicator for lunar soils.
An update to the taxonomy and distribution of the Arabian TapinomaFoerster, 1850 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with an illustrated key and remarks on habitats
Authors: Abdel-Dayem Mahmoud , Al Dhafer Hathal , Aldawood Abdulrahman , Sharaf Mostafa 
Published: March 2021

Tapinoma Foerster belongs to the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae and the vast majority of its species are arboreal or generalized foragers. The genus is composed of 71 described species and 24 known subspecies worldwide, while from Arabian Peninsula, three species have been recorded so far.
Ants of the genus Tapinoma of the Arabian Peninsula are reviewed, keyed and illustrated based on the worker caste. Three species are diagnosed, T. melanocephalum (Fabricius, 1793), T. simrothi Krausse, 1911, and T. wilsoni Sharaf & Aldawood, 2012. We present the first illustrated key to the Arabian Tapinoma enhanced by automontage images to facilitate species recognition. New distributional data for species are presented based on recently collected material from the region and literature records. Information on habitats preference and biology of species are given.
L’accompagnement comme expérience de l’expérience accompagnée
Authors: Grimault Solveig 
Published: March 2021

Certains dispositifs publics d’accompagnement suggèrent que l’expérience des bénéficiaires devient un objet central de l’intervention. Les conseillers y parviennent diversement, selon la conception de l’accompagnement de l’opérateur. Revisitant le matériau d’enquêtes de terrain sur la mise en œuvre des dispositifs du CTP, du CSP et du Nacre, l’article s’intéresse à la façon dont, en pratique, se « couplent » ou non l’expérience des conseillers et celle des bénéficiaires. Il insiste sur les limites d’un accompagnement « juxtaposant les prestations », et explore les conditions d’un « service d’accompagnement » attentif à l’expérience des bénéficiaires comme des conseillers. Il revient ainsi sur les enjeux de professionnalisation des réseaux d’accompagnement.
Key words for 2020: Pandemic, emergency, anomie
Authors: Lorettu Liliana 
Published: March 2021

Dear Editor,
In 2020, global society was disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has confronted everyone with an unusual, unknown situation, an unprecedented humanitarian emergency. The sudden outbreak has put health systems under enormous pressure and has caused major organisational problems, operational uncertainties and ethical conflicts. In particular, health workers had to deal with the emergency in both their personal and their working lives. While we wanted and had to treat our patients, we risked and feared getting infected too. (...)
Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Chlorophyll Content in the Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)
Authors: Azigwe C. , Zoryeku P. A. D. , Asante I. K. , Oppong-Adjei F. 
Published: March 2021

The experiment was conducted to study the mutagenic effect of gamma rays on chlorophyll content at three different physiological stages in the cowpea: pre-flowering, flowering and post-flowering. Five sets of cowpea seeds were subjected to individual doses of gamma rays: 400 Gy, 450 Gy, 500 Gy, 600 Gy and 0 Gy. The seeds were sown to raise the M1 generation. The M1 generation seeds were collected and sown in the next season to raise the M2 generation. Leaf chlorophyll content was measured for M2 generation plants. Mean chlorophyll content for pre-flowering stage ranged between 38.9 ± 8.17 (control) and 64.2 ± 6.16 (400 Gy). Flowering stage mean chlorophyll content ranged from 48.3 ± 14.4 (600 Gy) to 99.4 ± 6.22 (450 Gy). Post-harvest chlorophyll mean content ranged between 13.1 ±0.98 (600 Gy) and 38.0 ±1.90 (400 Gy). There were significant differences in treatment effects for pre-flowering (P = 0.021), flowering (P = 0.005) and harvest (P = 0.000). At pre-flowering treatment, treatment 400 Gy scored a significant increase of 64 percent (P = 0.02) above the control. The optimum dose for useful induced mutation for increases in chlorophyll concentration in the cowpea was 400 Gy.
Effect of N- 3, 4-Dichlorophenyl -N, N-Dimethylurea (Diuron) Herbicide to Serum Biochemistry of Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Popoola O.M. , Olasoji L.O. 
Published: March 2021

Assessing the effect of Diuron herbicide on post juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using specific biochemical markers could provide vital information concerning the health status with regards to electrolyte determination. The fishes were subjected to different concentrations of diuron of (0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5mgL-1 respectively) for 96hrs and the alterations in the serum enzymes, metabolites and ion level were determined. The lethal concentration (LC50) value of the herbicide was 1.0mg L-1 for 96h of exposure. During the experiment different behavioural changes were observed and recorded and blood samples were collected after 96hours of experiment to check for the effect of fish exposed to different concentration of diuron herbicide and the parameters observed were serum enzymes (ALT, ALP, AST and LDH). Biochemical examination was also carried out to know the changes in Total protein, glucose and cortisol level. Ion level examination was carried out to assess changes in sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-). It was observed that there were significant differences (P˂0.05) in the serum enzymes analysis, biochemical examination and ion level examination and these parameters revealed differences with varying concentrations of diuron herbicide. Thus, diuron possesses toxicity effects on C. gariepinus
Keywords: Herbicide, Clarias gariepinus, serum enzymes
Validation of Aeolus winds using radiosonde observations and numerical weather prediction model equivalents
Authors: Martin Anne , Weissmann Martin , Reitebuch Oliver , Rennie Michael , Geiß Alexander , Cress Alexander 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. In August 2018, the first Doppler wind lidar, developed by the European Space
Agency (ESA), was launched on board the Aeolus satellite into space. Providing
atmospheric wind profiles on a global basis, the Earth Explorer mission is
expected to demonstrate improvements in the quality of numerical weather
prediction (NWP). For the use of Aeolus observations in NWP data assimilation,
a detailed characterization of the quality and the minimization of systematic
errors is crucial. This study performs a statistical validation of Aeolus
observations, using collocated radiosonde measurements and NWP forecast
equivalents from two different global models, the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic
model (ICON) of Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) and the European Centre for
Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) Integrated Forecast System (IFS) model,
as reference data. For the time period from the satellite's launch to the end
of December 2019, comparisons for the Northern Hemisphere
(23.5–65∘ N) show strong variations of the Aeolus wind bias and
differences between the ascending and descending orbit phase. The mean
absolute bias for the selected validation area is found to be in the range of
1.8–2.3 m s−1 (Rayleigh) and 1.3–1.9 m s−1 (Mie),
showing good agreement between the three independent reference data sets. Due
to the greater representativeness errors associated with the comparisons using
radiosonde observations, the random differences are larger for the validation
with radiosondes compared to the model equivalent statistics. To achieve an
estimate for the Aeolus instrumental error, the representativeness errors for
the comparisons are determined, as well as the estimation of the model and
radiosonde observational error. The resulting Aeolus error estimates are in
the range of 4.1–4.4 m s−1 (Rayleigh) and
1.9–3.0 m s−1 (Mie). Investigations of the Rayleigh wind bias on
a global scale show that in addition to the satellite flight direction and
seasonal differences, the systematic differences vary with latitude. A
latitude-based bias correction approach is able to reduce the bias, but a
residual bias of 0.4–0.6 m s−1 with a temporal trend
remains. Taking additional longitudinal differences into account, the bias can
be reduced further by almost 50 %. Longitudinal variations are
suggested to be linked to land–sea distribution and tropical convection that
influences the thermal emission of the earth. Since 20 April 2020 a telescope
temperature-based bias correction scheme has been applied operationally in the
L2B processor, developed by the Aeolus Data Innovation and Science Cluster
(DISC).
ON-LINE PROCESS MONITORING USING A ROBUST STATISTICS BASED METHODOLOGY
Authors: Llanos Claudia , Chavez Galletti Roberto , Sánchez Mabel Cristina , Maronna Ricardo 
Published: March 2021

Robust Data Reconciliation strategies provide unbiased variable estimates in the presence of a moderate quantity of measurement gross errors. Systematic errors which persist in time, as biases or drifts, overcome this quantity causing the deterioration of the estimates. This also occurs due to the presence of process leaks. The fast detection of those faults avoids the use of biased solutions of the data reconciliation procedure, and allows to perform quick corrective actions. In this work, a methodology for leak detection is incorporated into a robust data reconciliation procedure that detects and classifies systematic observation errors. The strategy makes use of the Robust Measurement Test, to detect outliers and leaks, and the Robust Linear Regression of the data contained in a moving window to distinguish between biases and drifts. The methodology is applied for two benchmarks extracted from the literature. Results highlight the performance of the proposed strategy.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMBUKAAN JARINGAN TRAYEK ANGKUTAN KOTA DENGAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING
Authors: Arni, Rakhmad Kuswandhie Amula 
Published: March 2021

Dinas Perhubungan Komunikasi dan Informatika Kota Lubuklinggau, adalah instansi yang bertugas salah satunya membuka dan mengalihkan jaringan trayek angkutan kota serta menentukan jumlah armada dan tarif angkutan kota. Dalam melaksanakan tugasnya Dishub masih menggunakan cara yang manual sehingga sering terjadinya keterlambatan dalam pengambilan kebutusan. Hal ini sangat tidak di harapkan karena kondisi di lapangan memerlukan keputusan yang dihasilkan dalam waktu yang tepat.Berdasarkan uraian di atas, maka perlu adanya suatu sistem yang dapat membantu Dishub dalam pengambilan keputusan tanpa mengurangi kualitas dari keputusan yang dihasilkan, sistem ini disebut Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) diharapkan dapat membantu Dishub dalam melakukan pengolahan dan analisis data yang dapat berguna dalam membuka dan mengalihkan jaringan trayek angkutan kota. Metode yang digunakan sistem adalah metode SAW, tujuan dari pembuatan sistem ini adalah untuk membantu dalam pengambilan keputusan untuk menentukan jaringan trayek terbaik yang akan digunakan.
“To be young, gifted, and black”
Authors: Howes Alexandra J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Great Gatsby is a seminal novel in American high-school classrooms, and although educators should be aware of assigning diverse texts equitably on their syllabi, Fitzgerald’s 1925 classic is a part of the traditional canon of literature with modern relevance. Gatsby can be made relatable to all students, especially students who are Black, Indigenous, or People of Color (BIPOC) through various pedagogies: immersive history, Socratic discussions, debates, and other engaging activities. In a world of smartphones and mass media, embracing students’ predilections for screen time through film with Baz Luhrmann’s 2013 adaptation is also a beneficial approach. Taking a racial justice approach to the novel will also help create a classroom space for students of varying racial, ethnic, and social backgrounds to discuss current events related to the murder of George Floyd, the protests and rebellion across the United States, and the Black Lives Matter movement. Jay Gatsby mirrors the lives of many teenagers who navigate a society that attempts to put them in their place based on their racial/ethnic backgrounds. As the rift between the “inside” society of white privilege and financial stability and the “outside” world of diverse, working-class Americans widens, The Great Gatsby should remain a staple text of American classrooms.
Positive—Negative Asymmetry in Evaluation of Natural Stimuli: Empirical Study in the Contrast Model of Similarity Extended to Open Sets
Authors: Falkowski Andrzej , Sidoruk Maria , Olszewska Justyna , Jabłońska Magdalena 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The current work shows empirical verification of the similarity theory extended to open sets of features, which states that an increase in similarity between 2 objects results from the deletion of distinctive features or the addition of common features, albeit with different effects. To date, theoretical simulations and empirical demonstrations using real features have shown how the model works. However, to test the validity of the model we conducted an experiment where direct judgments were used. A total of 188 participants were evaluated at 3 different levels related to similarity, affect, and willingness to live, in reference to cities that differed in terms of their amounts of positive and negative features. The results revealed that when their initial similarity to the ideal was greater than 0.5, deletion of distinctive, negative features had a stronger effect on the object evaluation and was more effective than adding positive features of the same value. When the initial similarity to the ideal was less than 0.5, opposite results were obtained; that is, the addition of common, positive features had a stronger effect on the object evaluation than deleting negative features of the same value. The results have shown a positive-negative asymmetry in the evaluation process, which supports the similarity theory extended to open sets of features. In addition, the findings revealed that the positive-negative asymmetry derived from the theory can be explained by the ratio difference principle.
Polish Communist Perspectives on John Paul II: The Pope’s 1979 Pilgrimage to Poland in State, Party, and Police Documents
Authors: Felak James Ramon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An examination of the views of Poland’s Communist regime on the June 1979 visit of Pope John Paul II to his native land, based on reports from government (Office of Confessional Affairs), party (Administrative Division of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers Party), and security (Interior Ministry) analysts, as well as the official press. On the one hand, the analysts presented evidence and arguments that depicted the papal visit as a success for Communist Poland, highlighting any words or actions by John Paul that purportedly served its interests. This was reflected in the government’s public position on the visit. On the other hand, behind-the-scenes, analysts duly noted those words, deeds, and omissions by the Pope that the Communist authorities found disturbing. Overall, the article shows a regime eager to find positive things to say about the papal visit, but also cognizant that the Pope is doing much that runs against its interests. It also shows a Pope able to give his Communist hosts enough positive material so they can justify his visit in the face of skepticism from the Soviet Union and others, while at the same time adeptly presenting challenges to the regime on a number of fronts.