bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degradation of lignocellulosic matrix of oilseed cakes by solid‐state fermentation: fungi screening for enzymes production and antioxidants release
Authors: Sousa Daniel , Salgado José M , Cambra‐López Maria , Dias Alberto CP , Belo Isabel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDVegetable oils are yearly produced in large amounts generating solid by‐products, the oilseed cake (OC). OCs are lignocellulosic materials that have been used for animal feed with some limitations due to high fibre content from the plant cell walls. Biotechnological processes can help to overcome these limitations and contribute to up‐grading such by‐products, enhancing their nutritional value as feed ingredients.RESULTSAll fungal species were able to decrease neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre in all by‐products. Additionally, relevant enzymes were produced by the three fungi studied resulting in an improved antioxidant capacity of all fermented OCs. Aspergillus niger led to the highest activity of cellulase (109 U g−1), xylanase (692 U g−1) and protease (157 U g−1) per dry OC matter and to the recovery of an extract rich in antioxidants, with the highest scavenging potential of free radicals and superoxide anion, iron chelation ability and reducing power. Rhyzopus oryzae produced the highest activity of β‐glucosidase (503 U g−1) and led to the highest liberation of total phenolic content (TPC). Principal components analysis showed that extracts with high antioxidant potential were obtained in solid‐state fermentation (SSF) with high enzymatic activity. A positive correlation was established between the action of β‐glucosidase and TPC.CONCLUSIONWithin the same bioprocess it was possible to improve the nutritional value of OCs and to obtain relevant bioactive compounds such as lignocellulosic enzymes and phenolic compounds with antioxidant potential, resulting in a significant improvement of already valuable by‐products with commercial interest for animal feed. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Misused terms in analytical chemistry with emphasis on ultrasound application
Authors: Luque de Castro María Dolores 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA wide number of analytical terms have been applied erroneously for many years by analytical chemists, and they apply at present yet, by considering the time makes their use correct. The question is, may precedents validate the present use of incorrect scientific terms? Misused terms are found along the analytical process, starting with giving the name of the sample to the exiguous fraction of the original sample that reaches the detector or the high‐resolution equipment after sample pretreatment and sample preparation. All the steps of the analytical process are considered in this article, with special emphasis on sample preparation and, within this, on the use of ultrasound, mainly for assisting extraction more unequivocally named as leaching or lixiviation. A call of attention in this respect is considered by the author to be of help to the analytical community.
Utility of Telemedicine for Diagnosis and Management of Laryngology‐Related Complaints during COVID‐19
Authors: Choi Janet S. , Yin Victoria , Wu Franklin , Bhatt Neel K. , O'Dell Karla , Johns Michael 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the concordance in diagnosis and management between initial telemedicine visits and subsequent in‐person visits with laryngoscopy for laryngology‐related complaints during COVID‐19.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsPatients who presented to a tertiary care center with laryngology‐related complaints (voice, swallowing, airway, general throat complaints and others) and completed initial telemedicine visits and subsequent in‐person visits with laryngoscopy between March and October 2020 were included (n = 250). Preliminary diagnoses and managements provided during initial telemedicine visits were compared with the diagnoses and managements during subsequent in‐person visits with laryngoscopy. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to compare concordance rates in diagnosis and management by chief complaint categories after adjusting for relevant demographic and clinical factors.ResultsOverall concordance rates in diagnosis and management between the initial telemedicine visit and subsequent laryngoscopy exam were 86.1% and 93.7%, respectively. Mean (standard deviation) days until laryngoscopy from the initial visit were 21.2 (23.0). Concordance rates were not associated with patient's age, gender, preferred language, provider, telemedicine visit duration, or days until laryngoscopy. Management concordance rate was relatively lower among patients with general throat complaints in comparison with voice‐related complaints (odds ratio: 0.27; 95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.90). Management changes after laryngoscopy included need for further imaging, procedures, voice therapy, and referral to other specialists.ConclusionConcordance rates in diagnosis and management remained high between the initial telemedicine visit and subsequent in‐person visit with laryngoscopy for new patients presenting with laryngology‐related complaints during the COVID‐19 pandemic. While laryngoscopy is still essential to confirm diagnosis and provide appropriate management, telemedicine may be a feasible alternative to provide suitable empiric therapy until laryngoscopy can be safely performed.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:831–837, 2022
Nutrient co‐limitation in the subtropical Northwest Pacific
Authors: Browning Thomas J. , Liu Xin , Zhang Ruifeng , Wen Zuozhu , Liu Jing , Zhou Yaqian , Xu Feipeng , Cai Yihua , Zhou Kuanbo , Cao Zhimian , Zhu Yuanli , Shi Dalin , Achterberg Eric P. , Dai Minhan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNutrients limiting phytoplankton growth in the ocean are a critical control on ocean productivity and can underpin predicted responses to climate change. The extensive western subtropical North Pacific is assumed to be under strong nitrogen limitation, but this is not well supported by experimental evidence. Here, we report the results of 14 factorial nitrogen–phosphorus–iron addition experiments through the Philippine Sea, which demonstrate a gradient from nitrogen limitation in the north to nitrogen–iron co‐limitation in the south. While nitrogen limited sites responded weakly to nutrient supply, co‐limited sites bloomed with up to ~60‐fold increases in chlorophyll a biomass that was dominated by initially undetectable diatoms. The transition in limiting nutrients and phytoplankton growth capacity was driven by a gradient in deep water nutrient supply, which was undetectable in surface concentration fields. We hypothesize that this large‐scale phytoplankton response gradient is both climate sensitive and potentially important for regulating the distribution of predatory fish.
Operators on anti‐dual pairs: Generalized Krein–von Neumann extension
Authors: Tarcsay Zsigmond , Titkos Tamás 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to generalize the classical concept of a positive operator, and to develop a general extension theory, which overcomes not only the lack of a Hilbert space structure, but also the lack of a normable topology. The concept of anti‐duality carries an adequate structure to define positivity in a natural way, and is still general enough to cover numerous important areas where the Hilbert space theory cannot be applied. Our running example – illustrating the applicability of the general setting to spaces bearing poor geometrical features – comes from noncommutative integration theory. Namely, representable extension of linear functionals of involutive algebras will be governed by their induced operators. The main theorem, to which the vast majority of the results is built, gives a complete and constructive characterization of those operators that admit a continuous positive extension to the whole space. Various properties such as commutation, or minimality and maximality of special extensions will be studied in detail.
Influence of different electron beam surface pre‐treatments on the results of subsequent boriding‐part I
Authors: Buchwalder A. , Thronicke J. , Jung A. , Hengst P. , Hunger R. , Hartwig S. , Zenker R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBoriding produce thick hard layers on cast iron components, which can improve their wear and corrosion behaviour. However, this potential cannot be fully exploited by a simple boriding due to the material specific presence of graphite. In that context, this paper presents results of two fundamentally different electron beam liquid surface treatments (remelting, cladding with nickel‐based additive) and their possibilities and limitations regarding subsequent boriding. The boriding behaviour under conventional high temperatures (760 °C–860 °C), and experiments on low‐temperature boriding (600 °C–700 °C) were investigated. Under identical treatment conditions, the compound layer thicknesses generated on the unalloyed surfaces (remelting) were approx. 50 %–75 % greater than those of the alloyed surfaces (cladding). A two‐layered boride layer structure were generated, though with different phase compositions. Nevertheless, the hardness of all borided layers were comparable. Surface hardness measurements revealed that the supporting effect of substrates plays a decisive role up to a boride layer thickness of approx. 57 μm. In this layer‐thickness range, the compound hardness of the alloyed substrates is higher than that of the unalloyed substrates. This knowledge should prove decisive for the selection of layer composites for corrosive and/or tribologically stressed components.
Influence of different pre‐surface treatments using electron beam and subsequent boriding on tribological and corrosive load behaviour – Part II
Authors: Buchwalder A. , Thronicke J. , Jung A. , Hengst P. , Hunger R. , Hartwig S. , Zenker R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn order to make cast iron usable for highly stressed components or tools, the duplex treatment of electron beam (EB) remelting or cladding using a nickel‐based additive (a supporting layer without graphite) and boriding (a functional layer) is considered to have extraordinarily high potential for realizing the necessary division of functions. Due to the high process temperatures during boriding, the electron beam‐treated layers should have sufficient thermal resistance to fulfil the required supporting function for the boride layers. However, this could only be confirmed for the cladded layers. This paper deals with comparative investigations on the effects of single and combination treatments performed on the cast iron surface on the material's wear (dry pin‐on‐disc tests) and corrosion behaviour (potentiodynamic measurements in an aerated sodium chloride solution and in sulphuric acid). After testing, and in particular in terms of corrosion resistance, the duplex treatment of electron beam cladding+boriding showed a clear improvement over single treatment. With regard to wear performance, however, only a marginal improvement could be determined. This was highly dependent on the boride layer thickness and the loading conditions.
Experimental investigation and process optimization of the ultrasonic welding applied to papers
Authors: Charlier Q. , Viguié J. , Harthong B. , Toni J.‐B. , Terrien M. , Imbault D. , Peyroux R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUltrasonic welding is a serious candidate in the development of methods to assemble papers and paperboards without using additional substances. However, the ultrasonic welding of papers remains a technological challenge considering the low weldability of lignocellulosic materials. This study aims to investigate on the ultrasonic welding process applied to papers in order to identify the processing conditions which favor the formation of strong welded joints. To reach such purpose, an experimental strategy was developed by combining the characterization of welded materials and the monitoring of process parameters. Experimentations were performed using a reference paper displaying a good weldability to specifically highlight the contribution of process parameters. Results indicate that the process is highly sensitive to vibration amplitude, power supplied by the high frequency generator, and sample thickness. Power seems to be a reliable indicator of the severity of the process. A strong decrease in the strength of the welded joints is observed when working with low thicknesses. It seems that the layers coated on top of papers are the main part of the material contributing in the development of adhesion at the welding joint. Overall, instrumenting the device has led to a better understanding of the ultrasonic welding of papers.
Solidification and microstructure characterizations of eutectic aluminum‐silicon casting alloy with the addition of tin
Authors: Khatibi K. , Asmael M.B.A. , Safaei B. , Zeeshan Q. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe effects of tin (Sn) addition on aluminum‐silicon and α‐aluminum phase solidification parameters as well as eutectic aluminum‐silicon casting alloy microstructure are systematically investigated. In this research, these characteristic parameters are examined by using computer‐aided cooling curve thermal analyses. The results of microstructure analyses and cooling curves show that tin alters silicon structure. By increasing the amount of tin up to 1 wt.%, α‐aluminum phase nucleation temperature, aluminum‐silicon phase growth temperature, and last phase solidus temperature increase. The mean area of silicon particles decreases when 0.1 wt.% tin is added but by its further increasing up to 1 wt.%, silicon particle mean area increases. It means that increase of tin content does not lead to silicon structure modification in this type of aluminum‐silicon alloy. Besides, by increasing the amount of tin, the reaction temperature of the last phase is increased by the formation of intermetallic compounds such as ternary compounds (Al−Si−Sn).
A continual backward‐to‐forward beam scanning periodic microstrip leaky‐wave antenna with highly stable gain
Authors: Zhang Mingyu , Zhang Chaoqun , Zhou Song 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA limitation of the traditional periodic leaky‐wave antennas (P‐LWAs) is the existence of the open‐stopband (OSB) with the antenna gain greatly reduced at broadside. In this paper, a novel periodic microstrip LWA with highly stable gain is proposed and the OSB is eliminated, realizing continual backward‐to‐forward beam scanning. The unit cell of the proposed antenna consists of a transversal slot, a narrow transversal slot and two intersecting oblique slots, as well as a metallic via. By adding a narrow transversal slot and adjusting the inclination of the oblique slots, the antenna gain keeps stable while it is operating. A prototype is proposed and analyzed, achieving continual backward‐to‐forward main‐beam scanning from 8 to 10.2 GHz. The main‐beam scans from −35° to +30° with the maximum gain of 11.36 dBi, and the antenna gain of 11.05 dBi is obtained at broadside at 9.3 GHz with no significant degradation. The variation value of the gain is less than 0.66 dB while the main‐beam is scanning from −28° to +15° near the broadside, indicating that the antenna gain is highly stable.
Decoupled modified characteristic finite element method for the time‐dependent Navier–Stokes/Biot problem
Authors: Guo Liming , Chen Wenbin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article, a decoupled modified characteristic finite element method is proposed for the time‐dependent Navier–Stokes/Biot problem. In the numerical scheme, the implicit backward Euler scheme is used for the time discretization, whereas the coupling terms are treated explicitly. At each time step, we only need to solve two decoupled problems, one is the Navier–Stokes equations solved by the modified characteristic finite element method, and the other is Biot equations. The stability and the error estimates are established for the proposed fully discrete scheme. Numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the theory.
Dynamic regional alterations in mouse brain neuronal activity following short‐term changes in energy balance
Authors: Kakall Zohra Mohtat , Gopalasingam Gopana , Herzog Herbert , Zhang Lei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveKnowledge of the functional contribution to energy homeostatic control by different brain areas is limited. This study employed a systematic approach to identify brain regions specifically influenced by a positive energy balance.MethodsThe c‐fos expression was mapped throughout the mouse brain after varying durations (24 hours to up to 14 days) of high‐fat diet (HFD) exposure or after reversal from a 7‐day HFD to a chow diet. In parallel, the metabolic and behavioral impacts of these treatments were examined.ResultsA HFD elicited rapid and pronounced compensatory responses which were, however, insufficient to overcome the impact of the positive energy balance. Rapid and dynamic responses of c‐fos expression throughout the brain were seen over the course of HFD exposure, with some regions showing linear‐like responses and some regions exhibiting biphasic responses. The switch from HFD to chow resulted in metabolic compensations mitigating the effects of the negative energy balance and a heightened preference for sweet taste. Interestingly, this diet switch led to a significant c‐fos activation in the lateral hypothalamus, an area unresponsive to HFD intervention.ConclusionsPlasticity exists in the extended brain networks facilitating rapid adaptations dependent on energy availability. Knowledge of these critical control points may provide novel antiobesity treatment targets.
NTRK oncogenic fusions are exclusively associated with the serrated neoplasia pathway in the colorectum and begin to occur in sessile serrated lesions
Authors: Kim Jung Ho , Hong Jeong Hoon , Choi Yoon‐La , Lee Ji Ae , Seo Mi‐kyoung , Lee Mi‐Sook , An Sung Bin , Sung Min Jung , Cho Nam‐Yun , Kim Sung‐Su , Shin Young Kee , Kim Sangwoo , Kang Gyeong Hoon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNeurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusions are emerging tissue‐agnostic drug targets in malignancies including colorectal carcinomas (CRCs), but their detailed landscape in the context of various colorectal carcinogenesis pathways remains to be investigated. In this study, pan‐tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in retrospectively collected colorectal epithelial tumor tissues, including 441 CRCs [133 microsatellite instability‐high (MSI‐high) and 308 microsatellite stable (MSS)] and 595 premalignant colorectal lesions (330 serrated lesions and 265 conventional adenomas). TRK‐positive cases were then subjected to next‐generation sequencing and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization to confirm NTRK rearrangements. TRK IHC positivity was not observed in any of the MSS CRCs, conventional adenomas, traditional serrated adenomas, or hyperplastic polyps, whereas TRK positivity was observed in 11 of 58 (19%) MLH1‐methylated MSI‐high CRCs, 4 of 23 (17%) sessile serrated lesions with dysplasia (SSLDs), and 5 of 132 (4%) sessile serrated lesions (SSLs). The 11 TRK‐positive MSI‐high CRCs commonly harbored CpG island methylator phenotype‐high (CIMP‐high), MLH1 methylation, BRAF/KRAS wild‐type, and NTRK1 or NTRK3 fusion (TPM3–NTRK1, TPR–NTRK1, LMNA–NTRK1, SFPQ–NTRK1, ETV6–NTRK3, or EML4–NTRK3). Both NTRK1 or NTRK3 rearrangement and BRAF/KRAS wild‐type were detected in all nine TRK‐positive SSL(D)s, seven of which demonstrated MSS and/or CIMP‐low. TRK expression was selectively observed in distorted serrated crypts within SSLs and was occasionally localized at the base of serrated crypts. NTRK fusions were detected only in SSLs of patients aged ≥50 years, whereas BRAF mutation was found in younger age‐onset SSLs. In conclusion, NTRK‐rearranged colorectal tumors develop exclusively through the serrated neoplasia pathway and can be initiated from non‐dysplastic SSLs without BRAF/KRAS mutations prior to full occurrence of MSI‐high/CIMP‐high. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of uncertainty‐dependent residential mobility on loss aversion
Authors: Yu Meihua , Duan Qin , Wu Xiaoshu , Luo Siyang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe current research aimed to examine the relationship between residential mobility and loss aversion, a ubiquitous decision‐making bias conceptualized in prospect theory. Combining correlational, experimental, and electroencephalography approaches, we tested the hypothesis that residential mobility may increase loss aversion. The results revealed a positive correlation between residential mobility and loss aversion (Study 1). These effects were moderated by individuals' residential mobility/stability mindsets. Behaviorally, we observed a positive association between residential mobility history and loss aversion among individuals with a high (vs. low) subjective uncertainty after manipulating their residential mobility mindset by priming them with a mobile or stable lifestyle (Study 2). On the neural level, we found that the mindset of residential mobility (vs. stability) enhanced the differential feedback‐related negativity (FRN) modulations between the large‐win and large‐loss conditions among Chinese participants with a high subjective uncertainty (Study 3). In conclusion, residential mobility elevated loss aversion by enhancing feelings of subjective uncertainty. Our findings provide novel insights into how changes in the socioecological environment shape individuals' decision‐making bias.
The impact of parents' home‐ and school‐based involvement on adolescents' intrinsic motivation and anxiety in math
Authors: Rubach Charlott , Bonanati Sabrina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractParents experience difficulty helping their children with math at home. Math teachers can provide guidance or materials to parents. Little is known about whether this help from math teachers has benefits for parental support at home and thus contributes to students' academic development in math. The current study examines longitudinal associations between parents' perceived support from math teachers, parental academic support at home (reported from parents and students), and changes in students' intrinsic motivation and anxiety in math. Data stem from ninth and tenth graders (Mage = 14.49, SD = 0.93, 13 public schools, 56.5% girls) and their parents (N = 157 parent–child dyads). The latent structural equation model demonstrated no association between parents' perceived support from math teachers and their academic support at home. Parents' reported academic support at home was cross‐sectionally and positively related to students' perceived parental academic support at home and students' intrinsic motivation. In addition, students' perceived parental academic support at home was associated with positive change in students' intrinsic motivation over the academic year. Furthermore, higher student intrinsic motivation leads to a decrease in their anxiety in math over the academic year.