bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of anticholinergic and sedative medication use on fractures: A self‐controlled design study
Authors: Shmuel Shahar , Pate Virginia , Pepin Marc J. , Bailey Janine C. , Golightly Yvonne M. , Hanson Laura C. , Stürmer Til , Naumann Rebecca B. , Gnjidic Danijela , Lund Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesUnintentional falls are a leading cause of injury for older adults, and evidence is needed to understand modifiable risk factors. We evaluated 1‐year fall‐related fracture risk and whether dispensing of medications with anticholinergic/sedating properties is temporally associated with an increased odds of these fractures.DesignA retrospective cohort study with nested self‐controlled analyses conducted between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016.SettingTwenty percent nationwide, random sample of US Medicare beneficiaries.ParticipantsNew users of medications with anticholinergic/sedating properties who were 66+ years old and had Medicare Parts A, B, and D coverage but no claims for medications with anticholinergic/sedating properties in the year before initiation were eligible.MeasurementsWe followed new users of medications with anticholinergic/sedating properties until first non‐vertebral, fall‐related fracture (primary outcome), Medicare disenrollment, death, or end of study data. We estimated the 1‐year risk with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of first fracture after new use. We applied the self‐controlled case‐crossover and case‐time‐control designs to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs by comparing anticholinergic and/or sedating medication exposure (any vs. none) during a 14‐day hazard period preceding the fracture to exposure to these medications during an earlier 14‐day control period.ResultsA total of 1,097,989 Medicare beneficiaries initiated medications with anticholinergic/sedating properties in the study period. The 1‐year cumulative incidence of fall‐related fracture, accounting for death as a competing risk, was 5.0% (95% CI: 5.0%–5.0%). Using the case‐crossover design (n = 41,889), the adjusted OR for the association between anticholinergic/sedating medications and fractures was 1.03 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.08). Accounting for the noted temporal trend using the case‐time‐control design (n = 209,395), the adjusted OR was 1.60 (95% CI: 1.52, 1.69).ConclusionUse of anticholinergic/sedating medication was temporally associated with an increased odds of fall‐related fractures. Patients and their healthcare providers should consider pharmacologic and non‐pharmacologic treatments for the target condition that are safer.
Modern slavery footprints in global supply chains
Authors: Shilling Hannah‐Jayne , Wiedmann Thomas , Malik Arunima 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSlavery is more prevalent today than at any point in human history. Society's heightened scrutiny and new government policy is forcing businesses and nations to act in lieu of reputational, financial, and legal repercussions. However, slavery hides within complex supply chains, making it difficult to identify instances of human exploitation. This study takes a consumption perspective by investigating the potential of footprinting in exposing modern slavery impacts embodied in upstream supply chains. A multi‐regional input–output analysis extended with a slavery satellite account enables footprints of direct and indirect incidents of modern slavery to be quantified. The footprints reveal a displacement of slavery from developed to developing nations through the global supply chains of production. Accountability for enslavement significantly increases for countries and regions like North America, Western Europe, Australia, and Japan due to a high dependence on imports with embodied human exploitation. The results expose hotspot sectors, including construction, trade, and agriculture. These footprints go beyond current estimates of slavery in supply chains, revealing hidden impacts and the true risk, which may enable more effective action into improving global social sustainability and support companies to responsibly manage their supply chains.
Growth performance, rumen fermentation and economic analysis of Malpura lambs raised on milk replacer at different weaning age under semiarid conditions
Authors: Bhatt Randhir Singh , Sarkar Srobana , Sahoo Artabandhu , Sankhyan Surendra Kumar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPre‐weaning nutrition has significant influence on post‐weaning performance of lambs. Strategic weaning management on milk replacer allowance at this phase can be a promising approach for harvesting desired carcass trait in finisher phase. Therefore, present experiment aimed economizing pre‐weaning weight gain in lambs by feeding milk replacer and subsequently minimizing weaning age. A study of 90 days duration was conducted to determine the production performance, nutrient utilization and rumen fermentation of lambs on milk replacer allowance at different weaning age. Sixty‐six Malpura lambs (10 days of age) were randomly divided into 3 equal groups. Lambs in control group were allowed conventional free suckling of dam up to 90 day of age, whereas lambs in the two treatment groups, that is W60 and W90 were offered milk replacer and weaned at 60 and 90 days, respectively. Lambs in all groups were offered ad‐libitum creep mixture, Ziziphus nummularia leaves, Vigna unguiculata hay and fresh Ailanthus excelsa leaves. Overall weight gain was 12.7 per cent higher (p < 0.05) in W90 than control whereas in W60 group it was statistically comparable with both control and W90 groups. Overall average daily gain was 12.1 per cent higher (p < 0.05) in W90 group as compared to control. In case of nutrient digestibility, there was significant depression of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) by 16.9, 17.2, 9.3 and 32.0 per cent in W60 than control; however, in W90, CP digestibility was higher (p < 0.05) than control and W60. Considering economic analysis, the net return obtained from W90 (90 days weaning plus milk replacer allowance) was more 20.0 per cent higher than control. Therefore, it can be concluded that lamb rearing on milk replacer and weaning at 90 days have a sustained positive effect on lambs’ production performance and is more profitable than the practice of milk replacer allowance and early weaning in semiarid conditions.
Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B and D virus co‐infected patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: Kamal Habiba , Fornes Romina , Simin Johanna , Stål Per , Duberg Ann‐Sofi , Brusselaers Nele , Aleman Soo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHepatitis D virus (HDV) infection causes a severe chronic viral hepatitis with accelerated development of liver cirrhosis and decompensation, but whether it further increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. We performed a comprehensive systematic review of the published literature and meta‐analysis to assess the risk of HCC in HDV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co‐infected, compared to HBV mono‐infected patients. The study was conducted per a priori defined protocol, including only longitudinal studies, thus excluding cross‐sectional studies. Random‐effects models were used to determine aggregate effect sizes (ES) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Meta‐regression was used to examine the associations among study level characteristics. Twelve cohort studies comprising a total of 6099 HBV/HDV co‐infected and 57,620 chronic HBV mono‐infected patients were analysed. The overall pooled ES showed that HBV/HDV co‐infected patients were at 2‐fold increased risk of HCC compared to HBV mono‐infected patients (ES = 2.12, 95% CI 1.14–3.95, I2 = 72%, N = 12). A six‐fold significant increased risk of HCC was noted among HIV/HBV/HDV triple‐infected, compared to HIV/HBV co‐infected patients. The magnitude of ES did not differ significantly after adjustment for study design and quality, publication year and follow‐up duration in univariable meta‐regression analysis. This systematic review and meta‐analysis shows that infection with HDV is associated with a 2‐fold higher risk of HCC development compared to HBV mono‐infection. HCC surveillance strategies taking this increased risk into account, and new treatment options against HDV, are warranted.
Exposure history, petrology, and shock‐induced sulfidization reaction of Alatage Mountain 001 strewn field samples
Authors: Li Shijie , Leya Ingo , Wang Shijie , Smith Thomas , Bao Huiming , Fan Yan , Mo Bing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeveral hundred meteorites with a total mass of over 100 kg were collected as the Alatage Mountain (AM) strewn field located in the Kumtag desert, Xinjiang Province, China. Twelve AM meteorites were studied in this work. Petrography, mineralogy, bulk chemistry, bulk oxygen isotopic compositions, and light noble gas concentrations and isotopic compositions were determined for all or for a selection of the meteorites. The studied meteorites are L‐chondrites that suffered a very strong impact; impact melt veins and melt pockets are widely distributed. More than 50% of the troilite exists in the form of blebs and veins in olivine and pyroxene. Some of these meteorites are impact melt recrystallized rocks (e.g., AM 037). The strong impact caused the decomposition of troilite, which led in AM 034 to the sulfidization reaction of olivine. The metal in most meteorites is almost completely altered, and the troilite has been significantly oxidized. Weathering resulted in the depletion of Mg, Fe, Co, and Ni, and the enrichment of Sr, Ba, Pb, and U in these meteorites. The cosmic ray exposure (CRE) ages measured for these specimens range between 6.2 ± 1.9 Ma and 9.0 ± 2.7 Ma, depending on the cosmogenic nuclide used. The average CRE age is 7.6 ± 1.3 Ma. Both4He and40Ar gas retention ages indicate that the strong impact which caused the shock effects occurred about 320 Ma ago.
Associations between prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain and weight catch‐up in small‐for‐gestational‐age children
Authors: Huang Lihua , Jiang Shiwei , Xu Jian , Lei Xiaoping , Zhang Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) was related with a higher incidence of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) births than appropriate GWG; however, the long‐term association of maternal GWG with weight catch‐up growth in SGA children remains unknown. The objective of this study is to evaluate the associations between prepregnancy body mass index (pBMI), GWG and weight catch‐up patterns in SGA children. Data were from the Collaborative Perinatal Project, an American multicentre prospective cohort study. A total of 56,990 gravidas were recruited at the first prenatal visit, and children were followed up until school age. Maternal pBMI, GWG and physical growth of the offspring at birth, 4 months, 1 year, 4 years and 7 years old were recorded. The latent class analysis was employed to form weight catch‐up growth patterns (appropriate, excessive, slow, regression and no catch‐up patterns) in SGA children. SGA children who developed the ‘appropriate catch‐up growth’ pattern and whose mothers had appropriate pBMI and GWG were chosen as the reference. Associations between GWG for different pBMI and weight catch‐up patterns were analysed by multivariate logistic regression models. A total of 1619 infants (9.45%) were born term SGA. After adjusting for relevant confounders, compared with SGA children whose mothers had appropriate pBMI and GWG, SGA children with maternal prepregnancy underweight (for inadequate GWG, GWG below recommendations, adjusted OR: 2.88, 95% CI: 1.13–7.31; for appropriate/excessive GWG, adjusted OR: 3.07, 95% CI: 1.74–5.42) or with prepregnancy normal weight but inadequate GWG (adjusted OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.36–3.38) were at a higher risk of having the ‘no catch‐up growth’ pattern. We suggest that SGA children with maternal prepregnancy underweight or inadequate GWG tend to have a poor weight catch‐up growth at least until school age.
Differential diagnosis checklists reduce diagnostic error differentially: A randomised experiment
Authors: Kämmer Juliane E. , Schauber Stefan K. , Hautz Stefanie C. , Stroben Fabian , Hautz Wolf E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionWrong and missed diagnoses contribute substantially to medical error. Can a prompt to generate alternative diagnoses (prompt) or a differential diagnosis checklist (DDXC) increase diagnostic accuracy? How do these interventions affect the diagnostic process and self‐monitoring?MethodsAdvanced medical students (N = 90) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions to complete six computer‐based patient cases: group 1 (prompt) was instructed to write down all diagnoses they considered while acquiring diagnostic test results and to finally rank them. Groups 2 and 3 received the same instruction plus a list of 17 differential diagnoses for the chief complaint of the patient. For half of the cases, the DDXC contained the correct diagnosis (DDXC+), and for the other half, it did not (DDXC−; counterbalanced). Group 4 (control) was only instructed to indicate their final diagnosis. Mixed‐effects models were used to analyse results.ResultsStudents using a DDXC that contained the correct diagnosis had better diagnostic accuracy, mean (standard deviation), 0.75 (0.44), compared to controls without a checklist, 0.49 (0.50), P < 0.001, but those using a DDXC that did not contain the correct diagnosis did slightly worse, 0.43 (0.50), P = 0.602. The number and relevance of diagnostic tests acquired were not affected by condition, nor was self‐monitoring. However, participants spent more time on a case in the DDXC−, 4:20 min (2:36), P ≤ 0.001, and DDXC+ condition, 3:52 min (2:09), than in the control condition, 2:59 min (1:44), P ≤ 0.001.DiscussionBeing provided a list of possible diagnoses improves diagnostic accuracy compared with a prompt to create a differential diagnosis list, if the provided list contains the correct diagnosis. However, being provided a diagnosis list without the correct diagnosis did not improve and might have slightly reduced diagnostic accuracy. Interventions neither affected information gathering nor self‐monitoring.
Severance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal mycelial networks in restoration grasslands enhances seedling biomass
Authors: Dassen Sigrid , van der Putten Wim H. , De Deyn Gerlinde B. 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Establishment and growth of grassland plant species is generally promoted by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) when grown in isolation. However, in grassland communities AMF form networks that may connect individual plants of different ages within and between species. Here, we use an ingrowth core approach to examine how mycorrhizal networks influences performance of seedlings in grasslands.

We selected four grass and four forb species with known negative or neutral‐positive plant–soil feedback and grew them individually in steel mesh cores filled with living field soil. Cores were placed in six restored grasslands, three grasslands were of relatively young and three were of older successional age.

Ingrowing mycorrhizal fungal hyphae were severed twice a week in half of all cores, which resulted into reduced AMF colonization and increased seedling biomass, irrespective of the fields' succession stage, and the plants' grass/forb group, or plant–soil feedback type. In the control cores, root colonization by AMF was negatively correlated to seedling biomass, whereas there was no such relationships in the cores that had been lifted.

We conclude that connections to arbuscular mycorrhizal networks of surrounding plants had a negative impact on biomass of establishing forb and grass seedlings.
Market competition, exchange rate uncertainty, and foreign direct investment
Authors: Lin Chia‐Ching , Chen Kun‐Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper applies a real option game approach to examine the impact of market competition on the timing of foreign direct investment under exchange rate uncertainty both theoretically and empirically. Theoretically, we establish that a more competitive foreign market deters a market‐seeking firm from entering the market earlier if it faces exchange rate uncertainty. By contrast, a more competitive home market might induce a cost‐oriented firm to shift its production to a low‐wage foreign country earlier. A recent survey data set of Taiwanese firm investment into China is employed to assess the validity of our theoretical framework. With event history modeling, our empirical results are generally consistent with our theoretical prediction.
Effect of silver diamine fluoride on hyperplastic gingivitis in an adult with intellectual disability—A case report
Authors: Lim Guang Xu David , Yang Jingrong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSilver diamine fluoride 38% (SDF) may possess therapeutic effects beyond desensitization, caries prevention and arresting. We report the case of a 41‐year‐old male with intellectual disability. He had generalized gingivitis on a reduced periodontium and presented with enlarged gingiva with mobile teeth, particularly on the upper anterior and upper left. The inflammation could not be fully resolved despite multiple debridement treatments. Due to prevalent demineralization and hypersensitive teeth on the upper left area, SDF was applied. This not only reduced the perceived hypersensitivity, but significantly improved his periodontal condition and tooth mobility over the applied areas. We discuss the potential of SDF beyond its current use.
Li-Ion Capacitors Based on Activated Ferric Oxide as an Anode
Authors: Zhao Xinhui , Ren Qingqing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Low-cost Fe-based electrode materials for Li-ion energy storage devices attract lots of attention. In this work, porous Fe2O3 nanoparticles are synthesized by a simple route. First, their lithium storage performance is investigated by assembling half-cell configurations with Li foil as the counter electrode. During initial dozens of cycles, capacities of Fe2O3 nanoparticles fall off rapidly, which is related to continuous growth of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Amazingly, the capacities show an upturn in extended cycles. The pseudocapacitance of activated capacities is revealed by executing cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests at various scan rates on 500-cycled Fe2O3 electrodes. Based on electrochemical results, we speculate this special cycling performance of Fe2O3 nanoparticles may be associated with reversible electrochemical processes of SEI under the catalysis of nano-size Fe. Further, 500-cycled Fe2O3 anodes are reassembled with activated carbon cathodes for Li-ion capacitors (LICs). The LICs show energy densities of 110 Wh kg−1 at power densities of 136 W kg−1, and 72.8% capacity retention after 3000 cycles at 2 A g−1. We report an interesting electrochemical behavior of porous Fe2O3 nanoparticles, and a high-performance LIC based on activated Fe2O3 as an anode. This work may offer a new understanding for lithium storage capacities of metal oxide anodes.
Assessment of Particle Candidates for Falling Particle Receiver Applications Through Irradiance and Thermal Cycling
Authors: Schroeder Nathan , Albrecht Kevin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Falling particle receiver (FPR) systems are a rapidly developing technology for concentrating solar power applications. Solid particles are used as both the heat transfer fluid and system thermal energy storage media. Through the direct irradiation of the solid particles, flux and temperature limitations of tube-bundle receives can be overcome, leading to higher operating temperatures and energy conversion efficiencies. Candidate particles for FPR systems must be resistant to changes in optical properties during long term exposure to high temperatures and thermal cycling using highly concentrated solar irradiance. Five candidate particles, CARBOBEAD HSP 40/70, CARBOBEAD CP 40/100, including three novel particles, CARBOBEAD MAX HD 35, CARBOBEAD HD 350, and WanLi Diamond Black, were tested using simulated solar flux cycling and tube furnace thermal aging. Each particle candidate was exposed for 10 000 cycles (simulating the exposure of a 30-year lifetime) using a shutter to attenuate the solar simulator flux. Feedback from a pyrometer temperature measurement of the irradiated particle surface was used to control the maximum temperatures of 775 °C and 975 °C. Particle solar-weighted absorptivity and emissivity were measured at 2000 cycle intervals. Particle thermal degradation was also studied by heating particles to 800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C for 300 hours in a tube furnace purged with bottled unpurified air. Here particle absorptivity and emissivity were measured at 100-hour intervals. Measurements taken after irradiance cycling and thermal aging were compared to measurements taken from as-received particles. WanLi Diamond Black particles had the highest initial value for solar weighted absorptance, 96%, but degraded up to 4% in irradiance cycling and 6% in thermal aging. CARBOBEAD HSP 40/70 particles currently in use in the prototype FPR at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility had an initial value of 95% solar absorptance with up to a 1% drop after irradiance cycling and 4% drop after 1000 °C thermal aging.
Numerical Assessment of Packing Structures for Gas-Particle Trickle Flow Heat Exchanger for Application in CSP Plants
Authors: Reichart Markus , Neises-von Puttkamer Martina , Buck Reiner , Pitz-Paal Robert 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The centrifugal particle receiver (CentRec), a direct absorbing receiver operating with ceramic particles, demonstrated at the Julich solar power tower under solar conditions technical large-scale feasibility, generating particle outlet temperatures up to 965 °C. To push particle based CSP technology further towards commercial application the high particle temperatures have to be transferred to a working fluid, like air. A gas-particle trickle flow direct contact heat exchanger (TFHX) has been identified with great potential for high efficiency heat transfer. Inspired by chemical trickle flow reactors and previous work in literature focusing on the gas-particle TFHX concept for temperatures up to 500 °C, the approach and its applicability for high temperature heat exchanger shall be developed further in future. In preparation for subsequent research activities, the present work focuses on the preliminary selection of suitable packing structures for the TFHX. Packing assessment criteria are defined and used to assess the particle behavior within a variety of 44 different packing geometries. The analysis was performed using the open source DEM software LIGGHTS-PUBLIC whereas at this early stage of investigation gas presence was neglected. In the analysis process the packing structures are assessed with the previously defined assessment criteria and reduced to one type of a favorable geometry type. In conclusion, the advantageous characteristics of the identified geometry type are discussed. The presented study gives a methodical selection for packing structures and first starting point for further investigating in the field of the gas-particle TFHX whereas in subsequent work the influence of gas flow to the particle dynamic must be investigated by experimental and simulation work.