bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
preMLI: a pre-trained method to uncover microRNA–lncRNA potential interactions
Authors: Yu Xinyu , Jiang Likun , Jin Shuting , Zeng Xiangxiang , Liu Xiangrong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe interaction between microribonucleic acid and long non-coding ribonucleic acid plays a very important role in biological processes, and the prediction of the one is of great significance to the study of its mechanism of action. Due to the limitations of traditional biological experiment methods, more and more computational methods are applied to this field. However, the existing methods often have problems, such as inadequate acquisition of potential features of the sequence due to simple coding and the need to manually extract features as input. We propose a deep learning model, preMLI, based on rna2vec pre-training and deep feature mining mechanism. We use rna2vec to train the ribonucleic acid (RNA) dataset and to obtain the RNA word vector representation and then mine the RNA sequence features separately and finally concatenate the two feature vectors as the input of the prediction task. The preMLI performs better than existing methods on benchmark datasets and has cross-species prediction capabilities. Experiments show that both pre-training and deep feature mining mechanisms have a positive impact on the prediction performance of the model. To be more specific, pre-training can provide more accurate word vector representations. The deep feature mining mechanism also improves the prediction performance of the model. Meanwhile, The preMLI only needs RNA sequence as the input of the model and has better cross-species prediction performance than the most advanced prediction models, which have reference value for related research.
42 An Analysis of Virtual Fracture Clinics in Orthopaedic Trauma in the UK During the Coronavirus Crisis
Authors: Rhind J H , Ramhamadany E , Collins R , Govilkar S , Dass D , Hay S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
Virtual Fracture Clinics (VFC) are advocated by new Orthopaedic (British Orthopaedic Association) and National Health Service (NHS) guidelines in the United Kingdom. We discuss benefits and limitations, reviewing the literature. As well as recommendations on introducing a VFC service during the Coronavirus pandemic and into the future.

Method
A narrative review identifying current literature on virtual fracture clinic outcomes when compared to traditional model fracture clinics in the UK. We identify 9 relevant publications related to VFC.

Results
The Glasgow Model initiated in 2011 has become the benchmark. Clinical efficiency can be improved, reducing the number of ED referrals seen in VFC by 15%-28% and face to face consultations by 65%. 33-60% of patients may be discharged after review in the VFC. Some studies have shown no negative impact on the Emergency Department (ED), the time to discharge was not increased. Patients satisfaction ranges from 91%-97% using a VFC service, and there may be cost saving benefits annually from £67,385-£212,705. Non-attendance may be reduced by 75% and there are educational opportunities for trainees. However, evidence is limited, 28% of patients prefer face-to-face consultations and not all have access to internet or email (72%).

Conclusions
We propose a pathway integrating the VFC model, whilst having Senior Orthopaedic decision makers available in ED, during normal working hours, to cope with the pandemic. Beyond the pandemic, evidence suggests the Glasgow model is viable for day-to-day practice.
60 The Effect of the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic on Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Hillier D , MacDonald S , Thackray A , Emms N , Howard N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
To assess whether this change of practice had an effect on the infection rate in hip fracture surgery.

Method
An audit was conducted to assess the re-operation rate on hip fracture patients over the three months of the initial “lockdown” (23rd March to 23rd May 2020) and compared to the 2 months immediately before and the same period in 2019. Cases were identified from the Theatre ORACLE system (GE Healthcare). Anonymised patient data was collected from the Electronic Patient Record (EPR) and paper case notes.

Results
During the pandemic period, a total of 45 patients underwent surgery for hip fractures with a median age 84 years (range 28-95 years). These represent similar cohorts to the periods immediately before lockdown and the previous year. The infection rate increased from 0% in the 2019 period to 2.5% prior to lockdown and 11.1% after the lockdown measures were implemented. All infections were in patients who received hemiarthroplasty. The rate of total hip replacement went down from 19.1% in 2019 to 10.0% just before the pandemic and just 4.4% during the pandemic

Conclusions
There was a marked increase in the number of re-operations for infection in patients who received hemiarthroplasty for hip fractures during the lockdown period.
156 Could a Cohort of Patients be Listed Directly from Video Clinic to Surgery with Assessment on Day of Surgery? The Implementation of Video Clinic in Surgical Patients During the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Gendia A , Al-Ardah M , Jones R , Korambayil S , Clark J , Clarke M , Finlay I , Peyser P , Cota A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
To report the feasibly and the safety of utilizing video Clinic during the 2020 pandemic in scheduling a cohort of patients to laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) without the need of face-to-face assessment.

Method
A retrospective audit from May to October 2020 was conducted on patients with symptomatic biliary colic disease and selected low risk demographics who were vetted and scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy through video clinic under one of the general surgeons (AC) in a large district hospital. All patients were given the option to have their face-to-face assessment on the day of surgery and if there would be any concerning signs, they would be postponed or investigated if required.

Results
33 patients agreed on the proposed option and were scheduled to LC based on virtual assessment, mean age of 42(±13) years old and 26(79%) were females. 16 (49%) patients had their surgery with average waiting time of 2.1(±1) months and mean BMI of 29.9(±7). 17 (51%) patients are pending future surgery dates. there was no cancellation based on surgery day assessment and or unexpected events intraoperatively.

Conclusions
As virtual clinics played a major role in providing healthcare services during the global pandemic, scheduling patients to surgery without face-to-face assessment was applicable and safe in selected demographics. This could have the potential of reducing waiting time, travelling costs and hospital visits. Moreover, communications with patients regarding the proposed same day assessment played a vital role in reaching a mutual agreement.
170 Social and Environmental Benefits of Virtual Fracture Clinics in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery: Reduced Patient Travel Time, Patient Cost and Air Pollutant Emissions
Authors: Fort J , Hughes H , Khan U , Glynn A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
Several papers have analysed the clinical benefits and safety of Virtual Fracture Clinics (VFCs). A significant increase in the use of Trauma and Orthopaedic (T&O) VFCs was seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to investigate the social impact of VFCs on the travel burden and travel costs of T&O patients, as well as the potential environmental benefits in relation to fuel consumption and travel-related pollutant emissions.

Method
All patients referred for T&O VFC review from March 2020 to June 2020 were retrospectively analysed. The travel burden and environmental impacts of hypothetical face-to-face consultations were compared with these VFC reviews. The primary outcomes measured were patient travel time saved, patient travel distance saved, patient cost savings and reduction in air-pollutant emissions.

Results
Over a four-month period, 1359 VFC consultations were conducted. The average travel distance saved by VFC review was 88.6 kilometres (range 3.3-615), with an average of 73 minutes (range 9-390) of travel-time saved. Patients consumed, on average, 8.2 litres (range 0.3-57.8) less fuel and saved an average of €11.02 (range 0.41-76.59). The average reduction in air-pollutant vehicle emissions, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitric oxides and volatile organic compounds was 20.3 kilograms (range 0.8-140.8), 517.3 grams (g) (range 19.3-3592.3), 38.1g (range 1.4-264.8) and 56.9g (range 2.1-395.2), respectively.

Conclusions
VFCs reduce patient travel distance, travel time and travel costs. In addition, VFCs confer significant environmental benefits through reduced fuel consumption and reduction of harmful environmental emissions.
183 Improving Wellbeing Among UK Doctors Redeployed During Thecovid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Faderani R , Monks M , Peprah D , Colori A , Allen L , Amphlett A , Edwards M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
In response to the COVID-19, the NHS has implemented significant workforce changes to manage the increased and changing demand on healthcare services. We aimed to investigate the impact of such changes on the wellbeing of redeployed doctors.

Method
We conducted a survey at three NHS trusts over 2 weeks during the peak of the pandemic, asking redeployed doctors to rate their morale, work–life balance, perceived support and safety, and to voice concerns.

Results
172 redeployed doctors responded to the survey. On exploring morale, 114 (66.3%) respondents felt confident in their new role, 113 (65.7%) felt satisfied or neutral with their new role and only 54 (31.4%) felt stressed at work. 114 (66.3%) doctors felt valued by their team and 136 (79%) felt valued by the general public. 111 (64.5%) had noticed an increase in the length of breaks and 153 (89%) felt that their rotas provided sufficient respite. 95 respondents (55.2%) did not feel confident in the Public Health personal protective equipment (PPE) guidance and similarly 94 (54.7%) did not feel safe while wearing PPE. The three most common concerns were training opportunities – 105 (61%), PPE – 99 (57.6%) and family health – 95 (55.2%).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that, among the doctors surveyed, morale is higher than might be expected, with doctors feeling valued, confident, and well rested in their new role. Concerns about training opportunities/career progression, PPE and family safety need to be addressed to minimise the adverse effects on doctor’s wellbeing due to redeployment.
Germinal Center-Induced Immunity Is Correlated With Protection Against SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection But Not Lung Damage
Authors: Kim Green , Kim Dong Ho , Oh Hanseul , Bae Seongman , Kwon Jisoo , Kim Min-Jae , Lee Eunyoung , Hwang Eun-Ha , Jung Hoyin , Koo Bon-Sang , Baek Seung Ho , Kang Philyong , An You Jung , Park Jae-Hak , Park Jong-Hwan , Lyoo Kwang-Soo , Ryu Choong-Min , Kim Sung-Han , Hong Jung Joo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) elicit protective humoral immunity through a combination of antibody-secreting cells and memory B cells, following pathogen invasion or vaccination. However, the possibility of a GC response inducing protective immunity against reinfection following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains unknown. We found GC activity was consistent with seroconversion observed in recovered macaques and humans. Rechallenge with a different clade of virus resulted in significant reduction in replicating virus titers in respiratory tracts in macaques with high GC activity. However, diffuse alveolar damage and increased fibrotic tissue were observed in lungs of reinfected macaques. Our study highlights the importance of GCs developed during natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in managing viral loads in subsequent infections. However, their ability to alleviate lung damage remains to be determined. These results may improve understanding of SARS-CoV-2–induced immune responses, resulting in better coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development.
PSII-5 Effect of progressive limit feeding in feedlot steers: A pilot study
Authors: Duncan Hattie , Murphy Michael , Hannon Bruce , Shike Daniel W , McCann Joshua C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective was to analyze the effect of progressive limit feeding on growth and performance during the finishing phase in feedlot steers. Thirty-nine steers (BW = 469 ± 31 kg) were divided into three blocks by weight. In each block, five steers were randomly assigned to a pen to be progressively limit fed (PLF), while the remaining eight steers were fed a common finishing diet ad libitum in a control (CON) pen. Progressive limit feeding refers to maintaining a previously growing animal at constant size by reducing the amount of feed offered by 3.29% daily for 14 consecutive days. Thus, on d 14, PLF steers were consuming 63% of original dry matter intake (DMI). All steers were fed ad libitum from d 15 until slaughter (d 106). Steers were fed a finishing diet, consisting primarily of dry-rolled corn, corn silage, and modified wet distillers grains. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4. Final BW was not affected (P = 0.82) by treatment; PLF and CON steers were 665 and 669 kg, respectively. Treatment did not affect overall ADG (P = 0.73); however, treatment did affect (P = 0.01) d 15–83 ADG as PLF steers gained 2.28 kg/d compared with 1.90 kg/d for CON steers. Overall DMI of PLF steers was 9% less (P = 0.02) than for CON steers (9.9 and 10.9 kg/d, respectively). Treatment did not affect (P = 0.10) DMI from d 15–106. Overall gain:feed (0.183 and 0.173 for PLF and CON steers, respectively) was not affected (P = 0.46) by treatment. Carcass characteristics were not affected (P ≥ 0.24) by treatment. A similar overall growth performance and reduced DMI for PLF steers suggests that progressive limit feeding may be a cost-effective approach to finishing feedlot steers.
PSII-10 Growth rates in piglets after the introduction of spot genetics
Authors: Kromer Rachel , Gambino Chris 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Growth curve, ADG, and feed efficiency were measured for Spot pigs. Growth curves are essential for livestock producers to keep a record of growth and feed efficiency as benchmarks used for management goals and consistency. Growth and development data exists for breeds such as Yorkshires and Landraces. However, fewer data are available for pure Spot or introduced Spot genetics. Spots, or Spotted Swine, are a breed of pig with ancestry to the original Poland China. Four litters (n=44) from the same sire were tracked for weight, ADG, and feed conversion from farrowing through nursery. All pigs were housed in DVU’s Swine Science Center, an indoor, temperature, and ventilation-controlled facility. Weights were collected daily farrow to wean and then weekly thereafter. Pigs were introduced to a creep feed at approximately 10 days. Pigs were weaned at 21d (i.e., 3wks). The average weaning weights ranged from 5.0 to 8.3 kg, the ADG for each litter ranged from 0.17 to 0.32 kg. A pelleted 21% crude protein nursery ration was fed ad libitum. Pigs were kept in pens by their respective litter and weights were then collected on a weekly basis for a total of 56 days. The average weights ranged from 41 to 47.1 kg and the ADG ranged from 0.62 to 0.68 kg, and the F:G ratio ranged from 1.48 to 2.88. Statistics were compared using an ANOVA and T-test (Table 1). A p-value where P &lt; 0.05 indicated significant differences in means. Pen 3, a smaller litter size, had significantly higher ADG and final weights. These findings can be compared to data for other breeds on a similar ration to determine if Spot genetics improve feed efficiency.
PSXV-25 Effects of multiple grass-fed and grain-fed beef systems on meat fatty acid composition
Authors: Klopatek Sarah C , Yang Xiang , Oltjen James W , Vahmani Payam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Retail sales of labeled fresh grass-fed beef in the U.S. have grown from $17 million in 2012 to $272 million in 2016. The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of four typical grass-fed and conventional beef systems raised in the western United States on beef fatty-acid composition. Treatments included: 1) steers stocked on pasture then finished in a feedyard (CON), 2) steers grass-fed for 20 months (GF20), 3) steers grass-fed for 20 months with a 45-day grain finish (GR45), and 4) steers grass-fed for 25 months (GF25). Fatty acids were analyzed with GC using a 100 m CPSil 88 capillary column. All statistical analyses were performed using a GLM procedure in R. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) concentrations were significantly different across treatments (P &lt; 0.05) with GR45 having the lowest SFA of 43% and GF25 having the highest SFA at 46%. Cis-monounsaturated fatty acid (c-MUFA) particularly oleic acid, which is known as a heart healthy fatty acids, were highest for CON at 44% and lowest for GF20 at 37% (P &lt; 0.05). Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) were significantly lower for the grain-fed treatments (0.54 CON and 0.63 GR45; P &lt; 0.05) compared to grass-fed treatments (0.93 GF20 and 0.86 GF25; P &lt; 0.05). The grass-fed treatments were higher in n-3 PUFA (3.67 GF20 and 2.29 GF25) than CON (0.79; P &lt; 0.05), however feeding grain for a short period of time did not decrease n-3 PUFA concentrations to the CON level (GF45 2.51; P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, our findings show that beef from grain-fed beef management systems is higher in c-MUFA, while grass-fed is significantly higher in bioactive fatty acids including CLA and branched chain fatty acids. Additional studies are needed to determine if fatty acid profiles between grass-fed and grain-fed beef would result in different health outcomes for the consumers.
PSXVI-12 Revolutionizing in vitro endometrial cell studies: A novel methodology to obtain bovine endometrial cells
Authors: Rocha Cecilia Constantino , da Silva Felipe Alves Correa Carvalho , Martins Thiago , Marrero Marcela , Driver John , Bromfield John , Hansen Thomas (Tod) R , Binelli Mario 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Cultured primary endometrial cells are used extensively to study uterine function in cattle. However, most protocols harvest endometrial cells from slaughtered animals at estimated stages of the estrous cycle. The goal of this study was to establish and validate an in vivo, minimally invasive, and estrous cycle stage-specific method to obtain endometrial cells for culture. In Experiment 1, the uterine body of Bos indicus-influenced cows was sampled using a cytology brush (cytobrush) 4 days post estrus (D4; n = 13). Brushes were transported in medium (DMEM/F12, 3% Penicillin/Streptomycin and 2% of Fungizone) to the laboratory at ambient temperature. Cells were cultured in medium containing 10% FBS at 5% of CO2 (38°C). Confluent cells (~7 days of culture) were sub-cultured for two subsequent passages. Pools (n = 4) of cells from 2–3 animals, were frozen, thawed, and re-plated (passage 3). The relative transcript abundance of PPIA, ACTB, KRT18, VIM, OXTR, PGR, ESR1 and IFNAR1 were analyzed by qPCR and compared among fresh cells and cells from each passage. Abundance of KRT18 and VIM transcripts was similar across passages, while PGR, ESR1, OXTR and IFNAR1 transcripts decreased by 90, 96, 84, and 82 %; respectively in cultured compared to fresh cells (P &lt; 0.05). In Experiment 2, passage 3 cells were cultured for 24 hours with 0 or 1ng/mL of recombinant bovine interferon-tau (rbIFNT; n = 3 replicates/treatment). The relative expression of a classical interferon stimulated gene, ISG15, was evaluated by qPCR. Expression of ISG15 was 6-fold greater (P &lt; 0.05) in the rbIFNT treated cells compared to controls. In conclusion, the culture of endometrial cells collected by cytobrush is feasible, generates a monolayer enriched in epithelial cells and may be used as a model for physiological studies involving IFNT signaling. Further experiments to ascertain the physiological relevance of this model are underway.
PSXVI-13 Study of migration of antigen-presenting cells in the tissue of the lactating mammary gland under the influence of staphylococcal vaccine
Authors: Pogodaeva Polina , Karpenko Larisa Y , Vasileva Svetlana V , Vasilev Roman M , Dushenina Olga , Panova Nataliya , Ponamarev Vladimir 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Dairy cow mastitis is widespread in various countries. Data from researchers around the world show that Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causative agents of mastitis. One of the methods of preventing staphylococcal infection is the introduction of a staphylococcal vaccine containing a complex of thermostable antigens extracted from microbial cells of S. aureus. In connection with the great urgency of this problem, we set the task to study the effect of staphylococcal vaccine on the migration of macrophage cells in the tissue of the lactating mammary gland. For the experiment, two groups of pregnant mice were formed, 15 individuals in each. Animals from the experimental group were injected subcutaneously with staphylococcal vaccine at a dosage of 0.2 ml, once 5 days before delivery. The selection of pathological material was carried out in three stages at the beginning of the first second and third weeks of lactation. Each time, 5 mice were selected from each group in accordance with the bioethics standards. From the material obtained, histosections were made with hematoxylin-eosin staining.In histosections, cells of the macrophage range were identified and counted in one hundred fields of view. We took into account cells that were defined by morphology as tissue macrophages, as well as dendritic cells. In the experimental group on the first, second and third weeks of lactation, the average number of macrophages was 69.6±2.07; 78.2±2.38 and 50.8±2.38 cells, in the control group at the same time - 38.3±2.51; 47.3±1.52 and 23.3±1.52 cells, respectively. The results obtained show an effective migration of antigen-presenting cells in the breast tissue, which is confirmed by higher rates in the experimental group by 1.7–2.2 times at all periods of the study (P &lt; 0.05). The highest concentration of macrophages was found in vaccinated mice in the second week of lactation.
PSV-B-26 Performance of sunflower protein meal and dried yeast as secondary protein sources in feline diets
Authors: Brewer Lauren , Panasevich Matthew , Frantz Nolan , Daristotle Leighann 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess graded inclusions of sunflower protein meal (SPM; crude protein: 54%, crude fat: 11%, crude fiber: 4%) and dried yeast (DY; crude protein: 50%, crude fat: 3%, crude fiber: 2%) on nutrient digestibility, stool quality, and palatability in adult cats. Both SPM and DY were included at 5% and 10% in replacement of pea protein in a high-protein, chicken-based feline diet to maintain equal macronutrient concentrations across all test diets (formulated to 41% crude protein, 18% crude fat, 3% crude fiber). The study was approved and followed by the facility’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. A standard 2-bowl palatability test over a 2-day period was executed with adult cats (n = 30 each) to determine intake ratios between test diets (5% and 10% SPM or 5% and 10% DY), and test diets vs. control. Total tract nutrient digestibility was evaluated (n = 8 per diet) with 5 days of diet acclimation followed by 5 days of total fecal collection. Stool quality was evaluated on a 1–5 scale, where 1 = hard/formed and 5 = non-formed/diarrhea. All data were analyzed by ANOVA (SAS v9.4) and T-tests post-hoc (Minitab 18). Palatability and stool quality were similar (P &gt; 0.05) between all diets. Protein digestibility was lower for DY-containing diets, compared with control (5% DY at P = 0.0083 and 10% DY at P = 0.0336), but not significantly different for SPM diets (P &gt; 0.05). However, average protein digestibility was &gt;88% across all diets. The alternative protein sources tested showed merit for inclusion to diversify ingredient sources while maintaining palatability in cat diets.