bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aliased informed model selection strategies for six‐factor no‐confounding designs
Authors: Metcalfe Carly E. , Jones Bradley , Montgomery Douglas C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNonregular designs are a preferable alternative to regular resolution IV designs because they avoid confounding two‐factor interactions. As a result nonregular designs can estimate and identify a few active two‐factor interactions. However, due to the sometimes complex alias structure of nonregular designs, standard screening strategies can fail to identify all active effects. In this paper, we explore a specific no‐confounding six‐factor 16‐run nonregular design with orthogonal main effects. By utilizing our knowledge of the alias structure, we can inform the model selection process. Our aliased informed model selection (AIMS) strategy is a design‐specific approach that we compare to three generic model selection methods; stepwise regression, Lasso, and the Dantzig selector. The AIMS approach substantially increases the power to detect active main effects and two‐factor interactions versus the aforementioned generic methodologies.
Boundary vibration suppression for a flexible three‐dimensional marine riser against unknown sensor and actuator faults
Authors: Ji Ning , Liu Jinkun , Yang Hongjun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this article, boundary control strategy is adopted to suppress the vibration of a flexible three‐dimensional (3D) marine riser simultaneously against both sensor and actuator faults. The flexible 3D marine riser is a distributed parameter system modeled as partial differential equations. During normal operation of the system, all the system components will behave optimally. However, if the sensor and actuator appear fault, the system will work abnormally. While the sensor is faulty, the output signal of the sensor will have errors, and this error signal will be the input signal of the actuator. In terms of actuator fault, once the actuator appears fault problem, the actuator should make up for the fault and continue working for the sake of safety. In this work, the fault degree of sensors and actuators are unknown and the boundary control schemes using Nassbaum function are developed for fault compensation. The system stability is proven by introducing an appropriate Lyapunov function. Finally, the simulation results verify the accuracy of the proposed control laws.
Changing the hierarchical placement of soil moisture regimes in Soil Taxonomy
Authors: Stolt Mark H. , O'Geen Anthony T. , Beaudette Dylan E. , Drohan Patrick J. , Galbraith John M. , Lindbo David L. , Monger H. Curtis , Needelman Brian A. , Ransom Michel D. , Rabenhorst Martin C. , Shaw Joey N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSoil moisture and temperature are incorporated into Soil Taxonomy through the broad classes of moisture and temperature regimes. Although both are important variables in soil formation and land use, soil temperature regime (STR) is typically applied at the family level, whereas soil moisture regime (SMR) is applied at the suborder level. In this paper, we are questioning whether moving SMR to the family level will create a classification system that is more efficient and provide more information to the user at higher categories. The pros and cons of moving ustic, xeric, and udic SMRs from suborder to family category are discussed. To explore this potential change, we used Shannon diversity (ΔH) as an index of the information gain moving from order to suborder when classifying a soil. The analysis indicated a relatively small ΔH for most of the country considering current suborder classes. The proposed group of suborders, characterized by diagnostic horizons instead of SMR, conveyed a considerably larger ΔH supporting a substantial gain in information if the change was incorporated into Soil Taxonomy. The proposed change also has the potential to reduce the number of subgroup taxa by nearly 50%, without losing any of the current information within each taxa. Counterarguments for the change are that SMRs have soil genesis connotations and provide a way to group similar soils on broad‐scale maps. A change in the hierarchy of SMRs within Soil Taxonomy could deemphasize the relevance of soil moisture to soil genesis, morphology, and ecology.
Hole Transport Materials by Direct C‐H Arylation for Organic Solar Cells: Effect of Structure and Conjugation on Electrical, Optical and Computational Properties
Authors: Naqvi Sheerin , Chaudhary Neeraj , Singhal Sanchita , Yadav Preeti , Patra Asit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSignificant efforts have been devoted to the synthesis of conjugated molecules due to their interesting properties for organic electronic applications, it is surprising that very few studies have been reported on the development of small molecules for hole transport material (HTM) in organic solar cells through direct C−H arylation. In this work, we have studied the reaction conditions used for the facile synthesis of a series of π conjugated small molecules through direct C−H arylation. The reaction condition was optimized by using different solvents, bases and ligands to achieve the maximum possible yield. Ten phenyl(s)‐flanked conjugated small molecules were prepared using the optimized reaction condition and were characterized. Density functional theory was studied on these molecules to understand the structure‐property relationship and predicting the reliable geometry, electronic structure and properties of conjugated systems. Electrical and optical properties were measured by cyclic voltammetry and UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy. Finally, the organic solar cells were fabricated by solution‐processable deposition of these HTM with device geometry of ITO/HTM/PCDTBT:PC70BM/Al and achieved a power conversion efficiency of 2.40 % under ambient conditions. This method has the advantages of using different aromaticity of heterocyclic rings combined with conjugation length and electronegativity of heteroatom(s) to allow fine‐tuning of HOMO level and band gap engineering.
Catalytic Transformations of Sulfonium Salts via C‐S Bond Activation
Authors: Yorimitsu Hideki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAfter the 20‐year dormant period since Liebeskind's seminal report, triorganosulfonium salts have now proved to be reliably useful surrogates of or complement to organic halides in a variety of transition‐metal‐catalyzed transformations. By necessity, my group developed Suzuki‐Miyaura ring‐opening arylation of sulfonium salts of dibenzothiophenes with tetraarylborates and Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular C−H/C−S coupling. Following this starting point and experiencing the decent reactivity of sulfonium salts, in order to maximize the synthetic utility of organosulfur compounds, we successfully applied readily available sulfonium salts to Ni‐catalyzed coupling with arylzinc reagents, Pd‐ or photoredox‐catalyzed Mizoroki‐Heck reaction, Pd‐catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation, Pd‐catalyzed Miyaura borylation, Ni‐catalyzed reductive carboxylation, and Ni‐catalyzed zincation. I sincerely hope this Personal Account will facilitate further development of reactions of triorganosulfonium salts which are difficult to achieve using conventional organic (pseudo)halides.
Identification of kite aerodynamic characteristics using the estimation before modeling technique
Authors: Borobia‐Moreno R. , Ramiro‐Rebollo D. , Schmehl R. , Sánchez‐Arriaga G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aerodynamic characteristics of a leading edge inflatable (LEI) kite and a rigid‐framed delta (RFD) kite were investigated. Flight data were recorded by using an experimental setup that includes an inertial measurement unit, a GPS, a magnetometer, and a multi‐hole Pitot tube onboard the kites, load cells at every tether, and a wind station that measures the velocity and heading angle of the wind. These data were used to feed a flight path reconstruction algorithm that estimated the full state vector of the kite. Since the latter includes the aerodynamic force and moment about the center of mass of the kite, quantitative information about the aerodynamic characteristics of the kites was obtained. Due to limitation of the experimental setup, the LEI kite flew most of the time in post‐stall conditions, which resulted in a poor maneuverability and data acquisition. This assumption was corroborated by a particular maneuver where the lift coefficient decreased from 1 to 0.4, while its angle of attack increased from 35° to 50°. On the contrary, abundant flight data were obtained for the RFD kite during more than 10 figure‐eight maneuvers. Although the angle of attack was high, between 20° and 40°, the kite did not reach its maximum lift coefficient. High tether tensions and a good maneuverability were achieved. Statistical analysis of the behavior of the lift, drag, and pitch moment coefficients as a function of the angle of attack and the sideslip angle allowed to identify some basic aerodynamic parameters of the kite.
Surface tension and reaction stresses of a linear incompressible second gradient fluid
Authors: Krawietz Arnold 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe paper starts with a detailed investigation of the boundary conditions at free and fixed boundaries of any second gradient material and clarifies whether a surface tension is to be expected. The classical approach to the reaction stresses of higher gradient materials leaves a vast indeterminacy in most boundary value problems. An advanced approach is presented that yields much more definite distributions of the reaction stresses and consequently also of the surface tension. It starts from a compressible fluid the stiffness and bulk viscosity of which tend to infinity. Furthermore, the complete set of restrictions on the material parameters of linear incompressible second gradient fluids is derived from the postulate of nonnegative dissipation. Finally, a stirring process with a free surface is studied as an example. The results are based on the numerical solution of the boundary value problems of three partial differential equations of second, fourth and sixth order, respectively.
Impact of ocean heat transport on the Arctic sea-ice decline: a model study with EC-Earth3
Authors: Docquier David , Koenigk Torben , Fuentes-Franco Ramon , Karami Mehdi Pasha , Ruprich-Robert Yohan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe recent increase in Atlantic and Pacific ocean heat transports has led to a decrease in Arctic sea-ice area and volume. As the respective contributions from both oceans in driving sea-ice loss is still uncertain, our study explores this. We use the EC-Earth3 coupled global climate model and perform different sensitivity experiments to gain insights into the relationships between ocean heat transport and Arctic sea ice. In these model experiments, the sea-surface temperature is artificially increased in different regions of the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans and with different levels of warming. All the experiments lead to enhanced ocean heat transport, and consequently to a decrease in Arctic sea-ice area and volume. We show that the wider the domain in which the sea-surface temperature is increased and the larger the level of warming, the larger the increase in ocean heat transport and the stronger the decrease in Arctic sea-ice area and volume. We also find that for a same amount of ocean heat transport increase, the reductions in Arctic sea-ice area and volume are stronger when the sea-surface temperature increase is imposed in the North Pacific, compared to the North Atlantic. This is explained by the lower-salinity water at the Bering Strait and atmospheric warming of the North Atlantic Ocean in the Pacific experiments. Finally, we find that the sea-ice loss is mainly driven by reduced basal growth along the sea-ice edge and enhanced basal melt in the Central Arctic. This confirms that the ocean heat transport is the primary driver of Arctic sea-ice loss in our experiments.
Zircon petrochronology in large igneous provinces reveals upper crustal contamination processes: new U–Pb ages, Hf and O isotopes, and trace elements from the Central Atlantic magmatic province (CAMP)
Authors: Davies J. H. F. L. , Marzoli A. , Bertrand H. , Youbi N. , Ernesto M. , Greber N. D. , Ackerson M. , Simpson G. , Bouvier A.-S. , Baumgartner L. , Pettke T. , Farina F. , Ahrenstedt H. V. , Schaltegger U. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractZircon occasionally crystallizes in evolved melt pockets in mafic large igneous province (LIP) magmas, and in these cases, it is used to provide high-precision age constraints on LIP events. The precision and accuracy of high-precision ages from LIPs are crucially important, because they may be implicated in mass extinctions. However, why zircon crystallizes in these magmas is not clearly understood, since their mafic compositions should limit zircon saturation. Here, we investigate the occurrence of zircon (and baddeleyite) in intrusive and extrusive mafic rocks from Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) using petrography, trace-element analysis, Ti temperatures, Hf and oxygen isotopes, and high-precision U–Pb geochronology, along with petrological and thermal modeling. We provide new ages for CAMP sills that intruded into Paleozoic sediments in Brazil, indicating that the high and low Ti magmatism in this area occurred synchronously over 264 ± 57 ka. We show that upper crustal assimilation, especially of shales, during the emplacement of the CAMP likely led to zircon saturation. Assimilation of upper crustal sediments is also supported by high δ18O values and some rare negative εHf values in the zircon crystals. The only extrusive sample analyzed was the North Mountain basalt in Nova Scotia, Canada. This sample contains a large age variation in its zircon crystals (up to 4 Ma), and the older crystals have slightly more negative εHf values suggesting the presence of small (micron scale) xenocrystic cores associated with very late-stage sediment assimilation. However, the CAMP dataset as a whole suggests that the presence of xenocrystic cores is rare. Assuming no xenocrystic cores, and considering the zircon undersaturated nature of LIP mafic melts, the oldest zircon age clusters in a population should record the magma emplacement (or time when assimilation occurred), and the younger ages in a population are more likely to reflect Pb loss, especially given the high U concentrations of LIP zircon. Our identification of heterogeneous isotopic and elemental compositions in LIP zircon indicates that zircon in these magmas saturate in isolated minute melt pockets just before the system cools below its solidus.
Skin sensitivity to capsaicin, perceived stress and burn out among patients with building-related symptoms
Authors: Glas Bo , Claeson Anna-Sara 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective
The mechanisms behind building-related symptoms have remained unknown despite many years of research. It is known that environmental and psychosocial factors are of importance. Some receptors in the Transient Receptor Potential family elicit the same symptoms when stimulated, as reported by those suffering from building-related symptoms. The aim of this study was to compare capsaicin sensitivity between people with and without skin symptoms. A second aim was to investigate perceived stress among individuals with different levels of capsaicin sensitivity.

Methods
People referred to an occupational health care unit and judged to have building-related symptoms by a physician answered a questionnaire regarding their symptoms. Solutions with different capsaicin concentrations were applied to participants’ nasolabial folds. Self-reported stress and burnout were assessed using two questionnaires: the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (SMBQ).

Results
We found that people who reported facial erythema or itching, stinging, tight or burning facial skin were more sensitive than those without symptoms and similarities with Sensitive Skin are discussed. We also found that participants who reacted to the lowest capsaicin concentrations scored significantly higher on scales for stress and burnout.

Conclusions
We found associations between sensitivity to capsaicin and skin symptoms among people with building-related symptoms, as well as associations between capsaicin sensitivity and perceived stress/burnout.
When your brain looks older than expected: combined lifestyle risk and BrainAGE
Authors: Bittner Nora , Jockwitz Christiane , Franke Katja , Gaser Christian , Moebus Susanne , Bayen Ute J. , Amunts Katrin , Caspers Svenja 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLifestyle may be one source of unexplained variance in the great interindividual variability of the brain in age-related structural differences. While physical and social activity may protect against structural decline, other lifestyle behaviors may be accelerating factors. We examined whether riskier lifestyle correlates with accelerated brain aging using the BrainAGE score in 622 older adults from the 1000BRAINS cohort. Lifestyle was measured using a combined lifestyle risk score, composed of risk (smoking, alcohol intake) and protective variables (social integration and physical activity). We estimated individual BrainAGE from T1-weighted MRI data indicating accelerated brain atrophy by higher values. Then, the effect of combined lifestyle risk and individual lifestyle variables was regressed against BrainAGE. One unit increase in combined lifestyle risk predicted 5.04 months of additional BrainAGE. This prediction was driven by smoking (0.6 additional months of BrainAGE per pack-year) and physical activity (0.55 less months in BrainAGE per metabolic equivalent). Stratification by sex revealed a stronger association between physical activity and BrainAGE in males than females. Overall, our observations may be helpful with regard to lifestyle-related tailored prevention measures that slow changes in brain structure in older adults.
Effect of meteorological factors on Culex mosquitoes in Singapore: a time series analysis
Authors: Seah Annabel , Aik Joel , Ng Lee-Ching 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCulex mosquitoes transmit West Nile virus (WNV). We examined the weather dependence of adult Culex activity. Maximum temperature and absolute humidity were positively associated with adult Culex activity. Our findings support the use of weather data in timing WNV vector control measures.
Classification of dementia type using the brain-computer interface
Authors: Fukushima Akihiro , Morooka Ryo , Tanaka Hisaya , Kentaro Hirao , Tugawa Akito , Hanyu Haruo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper addresses the development of a dementia screening tool using a character-input-type brain–computer Interface (BCI). A blinking letter board is presented to the subject for each matrix by the character-input-type BCI, and by keeping an eye on one character, the character-gazing is estimated based on the event-related potential P300 of the subject. In this experiment, the subject is instructed to specify and subsequently watch a task character. Four sets are made, each consisting of five or six task letters per subject. The subjects include 53 elderly people in their 60 s and 90 s who were diagnosed with specific symptoms of dementia. The dementia types of the subjects include the Alzheimer’s type of dementia (AD), the Lewy body type of dementia, as well as the mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The relationship between the types of dementia and the four BCI features is explained by the Kruskal–Wallis test and multiple comparisons. Also, dementia types are classified using the BCI features that are closely related to each specific type. The results were obtained using four BCI features as inputs to the classifier and three dementia types as outputs. The classification rate for the three groups was about 60%. Since the classification rate of dementia with the Lewy body (DLB) is low, the classification was performed in two groups, MCI and AD. Furthermore, the classification rate of about 80% was confirmed.
Free-ranging livestock and a diverse landscape structure increase bat foraging in mountainous landscapes
Authors: Ancillotto L. , Festa F. , De Benedetta F. , Cosentino F. , Pejic B. , Russo D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTraditional farming, where livestock is seasonally managed as free ranging and the use of drugs is reduced or absent, may prove beneficial to biodiversity by fostering the occurrence of spatial heterogeneity, and increasing the availability of trophic resources to wildlife. Previous work indicates that the presence of cattle in lowlands leads to an increase in bat foraging activity, yet no study has addressed this topic in mountainous regions, where free-ranging livestock is still common. Here we explore the relationships between landscape structure, farming and bat activity in a mountainous agricultural area, hypothesizing that bat activity will increase in response to the presence of livestock and landscape structure and heterogeneity. We found that traditional cattle farming may have a role in influencing bat activity in mountainous agroecosystems, yet its effects are evident for a limited number of species. Three pipistrelle species favoured foraging in areas subjected to cattle farming by hunting more often over cattle or fresh dung than at control sites. Free-ranging cattle thus provide profitable foraging opportunities for bats in mountainous landscapes, which remarks the importance of traditional farming activities in sustaining biodiversity. Cattle might also benefit from bat foraging activity if this leads to suppression of blood-sucking pests.
Microstructure and Mechanical Property Evaluation of Aluminum F357 Powder for Cold Spray Applications
Authors: Tsaknopoulos Kyle , Grubbs Jack , Siopis Matthew , Nardi Aaron , Cote Danielle 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCold spray (CS) is a solid-state additive manufacturing process that can create high-density, high-performance deposits for many applications. Aluminum alloys have been the target of recent CS research due to their excellent mechanical behavior when cold-sprayed. The introduction of new Al alloys to CS is of interest as unique properties may be achieved, especially when powder is heat-treated prior to deposition. In this study, three batches of Al F357 powder—a control as-atomized, heat-treated at 230 °C for 75 min and heat-treated at 385 °C for 6 h—were studied. Scanning electron microscopy revealed microstructural modifications after heat treatment in the powder and sprayed deposits. X-ray diffraction highlighted the presence of eutectic Si, Mg2Si and SiO2 in all specimens. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy showed the spheroidization of Si during the 385 °C heat treatment, with an increase in the fraction of Mg2Si during both treatments. Nanohardness and microhardness testing showed a decrease in hardness with thermal processing in both the powder and sprayed deposits. Tensile testing demonstrated ductile behavior from both heat-treated powders, but significantly higher strengths from the 230 °C treatment. These results suggest Al F357 may be used in CS when appropriate powder heat treatments are applied.