bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) parturition date in response to climate change
Authors: Hagen Robert , Ortmann Sylvia , Elliger Andreas , Arnold Janosch 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn temperate habitats, the vegetation onset in spring affects the life cycle activities of large herbivores. For one species of large herbivore, roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), parturition is tied to peak resource availability. However, recent long‐term studies of the parturition date of roe deer found only limited support for its earlier occurrence with an earlier onset of spring. In this study, data from a long‐term project (1973–2019) in southern Germany (Baden‐Württemberg; elevation 101–1036 m; 16,130 tagged roe deer fawns) were used to investigate whether the advance in the roe deer parturition date reflected different environmental conditions and was thus explained by temporal and spatial factors. Our results showed a consistent advance toward an earlier parturition date (between 0.16 and 0.33 d/yr), especially for elevations above 750 m, that coincided with an advance in plant phenology. Up to 37% of the variance of the detrended time series of the mean annual parturition was accounted for by the detrended time series of the flowering date of forsythia. Our results suggest a plasticity that allows roe deer to cope with climate‐induced changes along environmental gradients.
Synthesis and Reactivity of a Lewis‐Base‐Stabilized tert‐Butyl Arsanylborane: A Versatile Building Block for Arsenic‐Boron Oligomers
Authors: Lehnfeld Felix , Seidl Michael , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe synthesis and reactivity of the tert‐butyl‐substituted arsanylborane tBuAsHBH2 ⋅ NMe3 (1) stabilized by a Lewis base (LB) are reported. Compound 1 is obtained by the reaction of in situ generated NatBuAsH with IBH2 ⋅ NMe3. By the reaction of 1 with Lewis acids the neutral compounds BBr3 ⋅ tBuAsHBH2 ⋅ NMe3 (2) and BH3 ⋅ tBuAsHBH2 ⋅ NMe3 (3) as well as coordination products towards Group 6 metal complexes [M(CO)4(tBuAsHBH2 ⋅ NMe3)2] (M=Cr, Mo, W; 4 a–c) are obtained. Upon reaction with IBH2 ⋅ LB (LB=SMe2, NMe3), the cationic oligomeric arsanylboranes [(Me3N ⋅ BH2tBuAsHBH2 ⋅ NMe3)]I (5) and [H2B(tBuAsHBH2 ⋅ NMe3)2]I (6) were isolated. Compound 1 was also used as starting material for the synthesis of the first oligomeric arsanylboranes obtained by thermal oligomerization under different conditions. DFT computations support the experimental observations.
Nature of C−I⋅⋅⋅π Halogen Bonding and its Role in Organocatalysis
Authors: Portela Susana , Fernández Israel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe nature of the C−I⋅⋅⋅π halogen bonding and its mode of activation in organocatalysis have been quantitatively explored in detail by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. To this end, the uncatalyzed homo‐[4+2]‐cycloaddition reaction involving 2‐alkenylindoles is compared to the analogous process mediated by iodine‐substituted azolium salts. It is found that the catalysts establish relatively strong C−I⋅⋅⋅π noncovalent interactions with the indole reactant, which are characterized by a high degree of covalency. This interaction results in a significant acceleration of the cycloaddition by lowering the activation barrier up to 6 kcal/mol with respect to the uncatalyzed reaction. The calculations predict that this barrier can be further reduced by increasing the electrophilicity of the catalyst. Our quantitative analyses reveal that the origin of the catalysis is found mainly in a significant reduction of the steric (Pauli) repulsion between the diene and dienophile, therefore confirming the generality of the recently introduced Pauli‐repulsion lowering concept.
Seed: Gendered Vernaculars and Relational Possibilities
Authors: Chapman Susannah , Chacko Xan Sarah 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis contribution to feminist vocabulary provides a genealogy of the term seed. We both work on practices of care and control related to seeds, from seed banking and agricultural development projects to everyday practices of keeping, saving, and tinkering with seeds. As a term, seed evokes gendered ideas about human reproduction that center masculinity and virility, even though the botanical seeds are in fact already‐fertilized embryos. This entry takes up the gendered dimension of seeds (and the elisions it produces) as a lens to interrogate ideas of use, usefulness, and uselessness (Ahmed 2019) in the world of biodiversity banking and plant genetic resources. With examples from seed banking and farming in West Africa, and with inspiration from feminist philosophers and anthropologists Sylvia Wynter, Marilyn Strathern, and Sara Ahmed, this provocation contributes to the vocabularies of feminist anthropology and science studies. Since the stories we tell about the world are filled with metaphor, why not complicate the vernacular understanding and usage of seed to reflect the queer and matrilineal possibilities that we see all around us, instead of the potent patrilineality that remains as a vestigial reminder of the values we would rather leave behind?
Alcohol consumption among older adults: Findings from the ELSI‐Brazil study
Authors: Paula Tassiane C. S. , Chagas Camila , Henrique Amanda E. G. , Castro‐Costa Erico , Lima‐Costa Maria Fernanda , Ferri Cleusa P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study estimates the national prevalence of drinking patterns (current, heavy, and binge) and the associated factors, among older Brazilians.DesignCross‐sectional study using survey data from ELSI‐Brazil (2015–2016).Setting/ParticipantsA total of 7839 adults aged 50 years or older.MeasurementsRespondents were asked about alcohol drinking. Alcohol consumption status was categorized as current drinkers (last month), heavy drinkers (≥7 drinks/week for females and ≥14 drinks/week for males), and binge drinkers (≥4 drinks on one occasion for females and ≥5 drinks on one occasion for males). Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics, tobacco smoking, depression, and number of chronic diseases.ResultsOf the 7839 participants, 29.4% were current drinkers, 5.1% were heavy drinkers, and 10.3% reported binge drinking. In the ≥60 years old age group, the prevalence of current drinking was 23.8%, 3.9% were heavy drinkers, and 6.7% reported binge drinking. All drinking patterns had similar associated factors: being male, being younger, having higher education, tobacco smoking, and falls. In addition, the greater the number of chronic conditions, the lower the prevalence of current drinking and binge drinking.ConclusionHeavy drinking and binge drinking are often reported by older Brazilians, particularly among males, those with higher education and in the younger age groups. These behaviors can negatively affect the health of older adults. It is, therefore, important to identify the problems related to alcohol consumption among older adults to minimize the risks and harms.
Not just about machines: Analysis of MRI quality determinants in the Turkish health system context
Authors: Özen İlhan Can , Başar Dilek , Öztürk Selcen , Gümeler Ekim , Akata Deniz , Çiftçi Arbay Özden 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the determinants of the quality MRI in the Turkish healthcare system. The analysis is done by analysing the referred cases to a major university radiology department in Turkey, and matching the hospital and MRI use characteristics of the source institutions, where the original MRI was taken. Quality of MRI was measured by specialist radiologists. The resulting quality was analysed by gender and imaging area characteristics, source institutional quality, MRI use statistics in source institution and MRI machine use inclination of the source institution. Chi‐square and logistic regression were conducted, with regional fixed effects. In the largest dataset, the highest quality institutions have significantly higher average expected MRI quality compared to one level beneath them (0.74 vs. 0.63) (P = 0.02), there is also a significant MRI quality difference between the second highest level of institution, and the third and the fourth (0.63–0.54). Smaller (<0.1) but significant quality difference (P = 0.05) exists for institutions with the lowest two quality levels. In the smaller dataset, with data only from the lowest two institutional quality groups, with a finer institutional quality grading, differences in institutional quality is again found to be a significant driver of MRI quality (P = 0.035).
Consequences and implications of the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) on pregnancy and newborns: A comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de Medeiros Kleyton S. , Sarmento Ayane C. A. , Costa Ana P. F. , Macêdo Luíza T. de A. , da Silva Luís A. S. , de Freitas Cijara L. , Simões Ana C. Z. , Gonçalves Ana K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPregnant patients are potentially vulnerable to COVID‐19.ObjectivesTo clarify the clinical features of COVID‐19 and analyze maternal/fetal morbidity and mortality and the obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients.Search strategyEmbase, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHAL, LILACS, Google Scholar, and Scopus.Selection criteriaArticles published from December 2019 to February 2021.Data collection and analysisThe reviewers extracted relevant data from the full‐text. Data synthesis was performed using the R‐4.1.0 Project for Statistical Computing for Windows. The meta‐analysis of the included studies was carried out using the random‐effects model (DerSimonian and Laird). Heterogeneity was measured using I2 analysis.ResultsA total of 70 studies included 10 047 pregnant women with COVID‐19, of whom 71.6% were in their third trimester. The most common symptoms were fever, cough, chest pain, dyspnea, and fatigue. Most newborns were delivered preterm (24%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17–0.34, I2 = 93%) and via cesarean delivery (42%, 95% CI 0.38–0.47, I2 = 92%). There were 108 maternal mortalities (2%, 95% CI 0.01–0.03, I2 = 54%) and 50 abortions (5%, 95% CI 0.03–0.09, I2 = 73%). The neonatal outcomes included fetal distress (11%, 95% CI 0.06–0.19, I2 = 91%), birth weight (15%, 95% CI 0.10–0.21, I2 = 76%), APGAR <7 (19%, 95% CI 0.12–0.28, I2 = 43%), admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (28%, 95% CI 0.17–0.43, I2 = 90%), and fetal mortality (2%, 95% CI 0.01–0.03, I2 = 46%).Conclusion There was no evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 in the placenta, breast milk, umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid of pregnant patients.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020181519.
GAN‐segNet: A deep generative adversarial segmentation network for brain tumor semantic segmentation
Authors: Cui Shaoguo , Wei Mingjun , Liu Chang , Jiang Jingfeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, we present a novel automatic segmentation method using a neural network model named GAN‐segNet, which can not only identify brain tumors from MRI images but also accurately delineate intratumor regions. Since brain tumors with varying shapes and sizes can appear anywhere in the brain and image quality and contrast of MRI could be inadequate, automatic segmentation remains challenging despite its importance in the clinical workflow. The proposed GAN‐segNet is an innovative modification of the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and can efficiently and accurately segment brain tumors. One key innovation of our GAN model is an autoencoder learning representation of input data that were added to the generative network of the above‐mentioned GAN. By doing so, information extracted through convolution operations can be meaningfully regularized. As a result, the scales of extracted features can be controlled by the added autoencoder to preserve detail. Additionally, we propose an innovative loss function based on the concept of focal loss to effectively mitigate the impact of label imbalance. The above‐mentioned combination enables the proposed GAN‐segNet model to improve the segmentation of small intratumor region(s). We demonstrate the proposed method using MRI data available from a public database, that is, Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge 2018 database (BRATS 2018). Using the proposed GAN‐segNet model, the average Dice scores were 0.8280, 0.9022, and 0.814 for segmenting enhancing tumor core, whole tumor, and tumor core, respectively. Furthermore, positive predictive values for segmenting enhanced tumor core, whole tumor, and tumor core were 0.8496, 0.9270, and 0.8610, respectively.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Dose Adjustment of Teicoplanin in Pediatric Patients With Renal Impairment
Authors: Xu Jianwen , Lin Rongfang , Chen Yong , You Xiang , Huang Pinfang , Lin Cuihong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin differs in children as compared with adults, and especially in renally impaired pediatric patients. Inappropriate empirical antibacterial therapy may lead to treatment‐related antibacterial resistance and increased toxicity, making adjustment of the dosage regimen essential. In the present study, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were developed to define the appropriate dosage regimen for pediatric patients with differing renal function. Our PBPK models accurately predicted teicoplanin exposures in both adult and pediatric subjects after single and multiple intravenous infusions, with a <1.36‐fold error between predicted and observed data, and all observed data were within minimal and maximal data of the corresponding population simulation. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve was predicted to increase 1.25‐fold, 1.95‐fold, and 2.82‐fold in pediatric patients with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment, respectively, relative to that of healthy children. Subsequently, the results of Monte Carlo simulations indicated that the recommended dosing of 12, 9.5, 6, and 4 mg/kg at 12‐hour intervals would be appropriate in pediatric patients with normal renal function and in those with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment, respectively, at a susceptible minimum inhibitory concentration <2 mg/L. In conclusion, our PBPK model with an incorporated Monte Carlo simulation can provide improved guidance on dosing in pediatric patients with differing renal function and provide a basis for precision therapy with teicoplanin.
A histological and immunohistochemical study on the parabronchial epithelium of the domestic fowl's (Gallus gallus domesticus) lung with special reference to its scanning and transmission electron microscopic characteristics
Authors: Kandyel Ramadan M. , El Basyouny Hebat Allah , El Nahas Eman E. , Madkour Fatma , Haddad Seham , Massoud Diaa , Morsy Kareem , Madkour Naglaa , Abumandour Mohamed 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe current study was designed to give complete histo‐and immunohistochemical features of the parabronchial epithelium of domestic fowl's (Gallus gallus domesticus) lung with special reference to Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and mean transmission electron microscope (TEM) features. The lung exhibited variable‐sized atrial openings encircled by exchange tissue zones. The parabronchial atrial chambers appeared as ovoid and polygonal‐shaped that separated by the well‐developed interatrial septum. The deep atrial lumens had blood vessels pierced by openings that represent the infundibula. The parabronchial blood capillaries meshwork was branched and exhibited ovoid‐shaped air capillaries with numerous extravasated blood vessels. By TEM, there were several air capillaries and groups of squamous and endothelial respiratory cells and the squamous cells had oval nucleus with evenly distributed chromatin. The endothelial respiratory cells had few microvilli on their free surfaces. The parabronchial tubes opened into a group of widened atria that had smooth muscle bundles at the interatrial septa. The atrial chambers led to narrow infundibula. Moreover, the lining epithelium of parabronchi, atria, infundibula, and air capillaries was formed by simple squamous epithelium. Air capillary walls were lined by two types of respiratory cells (Types‐I and II). Collagen fibers were concentrated within the tunica externa layers of the parabronchial blood vessels as well as, they were observed in CT interparabronchial septa. Immunohistochemically, the elastin immunoreactivity was detected around the parabronchial blood vessels, at the base of each parabronchial atria, and in the area encircling the alveolar‐capillary walls. Our work concluded that there are a relation between the fowl's lifestyle and the surrounding environmental conditions.
Tracing the Palaeolithic settlement patterns in the Western Tian Shan piedmont: an example of predictive GIS modelling use
Authors: Leloch Michał , Kot Małgorzata , Pavlenok Galina , Szymczak Karol , Khudjanazarov Mukhiddin , Pavlenok Konstantin 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe Western Tian Shan piedmont, due to its high mountainous nature, is an exceptionally difficult area in which to conduct systematic surface research. In response to the specificities of the landscape, we decided to attempt to use predictive modelling to select sites with the greatest potential for the occurrence and preservation of Pleistocene layers and Palaeolithic sites. The aim of the project was to determine to what extent the high‐mountain areas of the Tian Shan piedmont were penetrated and inhabited by Palaeolithic humans. On the basis of the devised model, areas were selected for further prospecting in the field, which allowed the search area to be narrowed by a factor of five. In the course of surveying carried out on the selected areas, it was possible to locate nine new Palaeolithic sites and 18 settlement spots within one season, significantly increasing the number of known open‐air sites in the region. The results presented show the usefulness of this method, revealing the potential for its application in other similar areas, but also indicate the intensity of, in particular, Middle Palaeolithic or Middle/Upper Palaeolithic transitional settlement in the high‐mountain regions of Central Asia.
A Guideline for the Synthesis of Amino‐Acid‐Functionalized Monomers and Their Polymerizations
Authors: Leiske Meike N. , Kempe Kristian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmino acids have emerged as a sustainable source for the design of functional polymers. Besides their wide availability, especially their high degree of biocompatibility makes them appealing for a broad range of applications in the biomedical research field. In addition to these favorable characteristics, the versatility of reactive functional groups in amino acids (i.e., carboxylic acids, amines, thiols, and hydroxyl groups) makes them suitable starting materials for various polymerization approaches, which include step‐ and chain‐growth reactions. This review aims to provide an overview of strategies to incorporate amino acids into polymers. To this end, it focuses on the preparation of polymerizable monomers from amino acids, which yield main chain or side chain‐functionalized polymers. Furthermore, postpolymerization modification approaches for polymer side chain functionalization are discussed. Amino acids are presented as a versatile platform for the development of polymers with tailored properties.
Free vascularized second metatarsophalangeal joint transfer for scaphotrapezial joint reconstruction after distal scaphoid excision and carpal collapse: A case report
Authors: del Piñal Francisco , Cromheecke Michiel , Chaves Camilo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTreatment of the destroyed scaphotrapezial (ST) joint in young patients is challenging due to the limited available options as they might not tolerate the stiffness, loss of grip strength and long‐term complications of partial fusions, bone resections, and interposition implants or arthroplasties. This report presents the results of a free osteocutaneous joint transfer used to reconstruct the ST joint in a young patient suffering from ST destruction and carpal collapse. This 34‐year‐old patient was previously treated for a right scaphoid nonunion with distal scaphoid excision and interposition implant that evolved to destruction of the ST space, symptomatic carpal collapse associated and a ST height loss of 7 mm. The DASH score was 34 and the grip strength of 32 kg. The patient was treated with an osteocutaneous vascularized free transfer from the second metatarsophalangeal joint vascularized by the first dorsal metatarsal artery and anastomosed to the palmar carpal branch of the radial artery and a palmar superficial vein. After 3.5 months, the patient returned to full duty work as a mechanic. At the last follow‐up, 3 years after the surgery, the patients had complete range of motion without clinical nor radiological degenerative changes. There were no postoperative complications. The DASH score was 3 and the grip strength was 53 kg. This reconstructive procedure allows to recreate a functional ST joint and to correct a carpal collapse avoiding degenerative wrist changes. It may be proposed to young patients who aim to recover a near normal function of their wrist.
Optimization ofvirtually aperiodiclinear sparse arrays
Authors: Aslan Yanki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMulti‐port multi‐mode antenna elements have the ability to move their phase centers and modify their radiation patterns electronically. Arrays composed of such elements are referred to as virtually aperiodic arrays in this paper. Herein, optimization of the mode excitation coefficients in virtually aperiodic sparse linear arrays is proposed, by introducing novel design constraints with the aim of synthesizing wide‐angle scanning, reconfigurable patterns, with grating/side lobe reduction. A dual‐mode patch antenna is used for demonstration purposes. An efficient convex optimization based algorithm is adopted to optimize the excitation weight at each element mode port, while considering the mutual coupling effects. Through full‐wave simulations, the effectiveness of the optimization in suppressing the unwanted radiation and adapting to different fields‐of‐view is shown. A novel investigation on the impacts of defining different mode excitation ratios on the radiation pattern characteristics is conducted.
Transcutaneous CO2 monitoring as indication for inpatient non‐invasive ventilation initiation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Quigg Kellen H. , Wilson Matthew W. , Choi Philip J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by profound muscle weakness, including diaphragmatic weakness resulting in hypercapnic respiratory failure. While non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) is usually initiated in the home, patients presenting with hypercapnic respiratory failure may be at high risk of adverse outcomes with delays in treatment. We aim to describe the clinical utility of transcutaneous CO2 (TCO2) to assess the need for inpatient initiation of NIV.MethodsEight patients from the University of Michigan Pranger ALS clinic were directly admitted to the hospital for urgent initiation of NIV between May 2020–May 2021. A retrospective review of electronic medical records, including pre‐hospital pulmonary function assessments, hospitalization blood gases, and NIV use metrics was performed.ResultsAll eight patients had symptoms of respiratory insufficiency at time of admission, although not all patients had forced vital capacity (FVC) measurements that would identify need for NIV. All patients had measured TCO2 > 45 mmHg. Seven of eight patients had worsening hypercapnia after admission, indicating advanced respiratory failure. All patients were titrated to tolerance of continuous nocturnal NIV while in the hospital, with an average length of stay of 6.5 days (range, 3–8). All patients demonstrated compliance with NIV, >4 h, at post‐hospital follow‐up.DiscussionMany current ambulatory measurements underestimate, or incompletely evaluate, respiratory dysfunction, and arterial blood gases are not typically readily available. Outpatient TCO2 measurements can serve as a useful screening tool to identify ALS patients who would benefit from inpatient initiation and titration of NIV.