bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐low‐loaded Ni−Fe Dimer Anchored to Nitrogen/Oxygen Sites for Boosting Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Gong Qiufang , Wang Yajie , Ren Xiangzhong , He Chuanxin , Liu Jianhong , Zhang Qianling 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs), as a novel emerging category in heterogeneous catalysis, have exhibited superb activity and selectivity within the scope of many catalytic reactions, originating from their nature of atomic dispersion. However, they are not appropriate for more complicated reactions that benefit from multi‐metal promotion, such as the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). Atomic pair catalysts can provide a synergistic effect to break the intrinsic activity limit. Herein, inspired by theoretical prediction, a hetero‐paired atomic‐site catalyst (Ni/Fe−N/O−C) was developed for CO2RR. Typically, the trace‐amount‐loaded double‐atom‐site catalysts exhibited outstanding turnover frequencies (≈460 s−1) surpassing reported ones by far. Interestingly, the loaded metal contents of the three M−N/O−C samples were extremely low, and Ni/Fe−N/O−C exhibited greatly improved durability compared with pure Ni−N/O−C or Fe−N/O−C and excellent CO selectivity above 80 % within a broad potential window of −1.4 to −1.7 V (vs. saturated calomel electrode, 99.8 % at −1.5 V). The superb performance of diatomic‐site catalysts was attributed to the adjusted local environment and electron structure of the active center, which could decrease the reaction barrier of *COOH formation. This work presents new insights into manipulating electrocatalytic performance for the development of more sophisticated active sites.
Construction of Magneto‐Fluorescent Bifunctional Spin‐Crossover Fe(II) Complex from Pyrene‐Decorated Pybox Ligand
Authors: Luo Bing‐Xue , Pan Yao , Meng Yin‐Shan , Liu Qiang , Yin Jun , Liu Tao , Zhu Yuan‐Yuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe construction of magneto‐fluorescent bifunctional complexes is a feasible approach toward multifunctional molecular materials. Herein we report the synthesis and properties studies of a mononuclear Fe(II) complex [FeL2](ClO4) (1), where L is a pyridine‐2,6‐bis(oxazoline) (pybox) ligand decorated by the pyrene fluorophore. Magnetic susceptibility measurement of desolvated complex 1‐d shows an incomplete and gradual spin‐crossover in the temperature range 50–300 K, which is further confirmed via 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy study. Light‐induced excited spin state trapping (LIESST) is also observed below 70 K when the powder sample is irradiated by a 532 nm laser. The change in absorption during the spin‐crossover (SCO) process is investigated via the temperature‐dependent UV‐vis spectroscopy. As expected, through introducing the chromophore, 1 displays fluorescence in both solution and solid state, achieving the coexistence of spin‐crossover and fluorescence in one compound.
Gold Nanoparticles Monolayer Doping PEDOT : PSS Janus Film for Hydrogen Sulfide Sensor
Authors: Zhao Zhenwen , Jiang Jianchun , Jiang Yizhou , Li Yunbo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAuNPs monolayer doping Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT : PSS) film on interdigitated electrode had been fabricated into AuNPs/PEDOT : PSS Janus film sensor to detect hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The results show that the Janus film sensors have a wide measurement range of H2S concentration. The sensitivity of PEDOT : PSS/AuNPs sensor grows up with the thickness of Janus film increases. The resistance response of AuNPs Janus film was affected little by the rough surface states of PEDOT : PSS film. In addition, the PEDOT : PSS/AuNPs film sensor had been used again to detect H2S. This work presents a platform to inspire a novel high sensitive chemiresistive sensor via nanoparticles monolayer.
Electroosmosis‐modulated bio‐flow of nanofluid through a rectangular peristaltic pump induced by complex traveling wave with zeta potential and heat source
Authors: Zeeshan Ahmed , Riaz Arshad , Alzahrani Faris 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElectrokineticmicroperistaltic pumps are important biomechanical devices that help in targeted drugging of sick body parts. This article is focused on mathematical modeling and analysis of some important aspect of such flows in a rectangular duct with wall properties. Effects of zeta potential, heat source, and deby length are also studied. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the Newtonian base fluid are assumed as drugging material. A comparison of single‐walled CNTs and multiwalled CNTs is also presented. It is considered that the walls are flexible and encapsulating the region with limited permeability. The defined flow problem is modeled and analyzed analytically for the transport of CNT–water nanofluid. It is accepted that the flow is steady, nonturbulent, and propagating waves do have a considerably longer wavelength when compared to amplitude. The conditions and assumptions lead to a model of coupled partial differential equations of order two. The exact results using the eigenfunction expansion method are procured and shown accordingly. The predictions about the behavior of important parameters are displayed for single‐walled CNT and multiwalled CNT—water nanofluidic behavior—using figures. The impact of sundry parametersis are analyzed. The application of the current study involved a transporting/targeted drug delivery system using peristaltic micropumps and magnetic fields in pharmacological engineering.
A phosphogypsum‐based road material with enhanced mechanical properties for sustainable environmental remediation
Authors: Zmemla Raja , Benjdidia Mounir , Naifar Ikram , Sadik Chaouki , Elleuch Boubaker , Sdiri Ali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn integrated approach for sustainable use of phosphogypsum (PG) byproducts as road materials was developed. For the purpose of this study, several formulations of PG‐based material have been performed to evaluate its potential application for road base layers. Physico‐chemical properties, mechanical strengths and environmental aspects were simultaneously addressed. Both dynamic and batch leaching tests have been carried out to properly evaluate the leaching behavior of the prepared road mixture versus binder type and age of phosphogysum used. Commonly used geotechnical tests, including compressive strength, tensile strength as well as Young's modulus have been carried out on the prepared specimen. Strength development at different curing times was studied and compared to conventional road base materials. The obtained results indicated that the 28‐ and 360‐days strengths reached 2200 and 3500 kPa, respectively. Cement stabilized material showed higher strength values (both early age and final compressive strength) than conventional road base materials. Those encouraging properties were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analyses. Further study focused on potentially toxic elements released from both original PG and newly prepared formulations. It was found that almost all contaminants studied were significantly immobilized in the formulations with high pH values. This may offer an efficient waste disposal concomitantly with reducing the demand for natural aggregates, therefore a significant gain in life cycle impacts and costs. This is a low cost and handy tool for sustainable environmental remediation via the use of byproducts that have no potential threat of contaminants leaching.
Uneven surface moisture as a driver of dune formation on ephemeral lake beds under conditions similar to the present day: A model‐based assessment from the Makgadikgadi Basin, northern Botswana
Authors: Richards Jenny , Burrough Sallie , Wiggs Giles , Hills Tiger , Thomas David , Moseki Molatlhegi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn association between salt pans or dry lake beds and distinctive crescentic lake‐floor sand mounds (1–10 m high, tens to hundreds of metres wide) is commonplace in desert systems. In the Makgadikgadi Basin of northern Botswana, a debate about the formative processes of these landforms has persisted despite numerous morphometric, sedimentary and geochronological analyses, with mound landforms variously inferred to be aeolian dunes, subaqueous dunes, spring mounds or shoreline remnants. We propose a new formative mechanism which draws on the interaction between uneven moisture distribution on the pan surface and mobile aeolian sediments. We use a numerical model (ViSTA), which couples vegetation and aeolian sand transport dynamics, together with optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of a mound in the Makgadikgadi Basin to investigate the feasibility of this ‘sticky mound hypothesis’. We find that under a range of modelled environmental conditions, uneven moisture distribution on the pan surface can lead to the development and stabilization of crescentic aeolian dunes, with these dunes growing upwind from the point of initial deposition, corresponding with the chronological data gained from OSL dating of a mound feature. On removal of this moisture, the modelled dunes erode and dissipate. These findings suggest that the formative mechanism of the mounds could be dependent on the interaction between differential drying of the pan surface and the competence of the aeolian sediment transport system across the pan floor.
Fire‐retardant synergy of bis(1‐methoxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐piperidinyl)sebacate and melamine hydrobromide/aluminum diethylphosphinate in polypropylene
Authors: Yan Bo , Sun Mingmei , Tang Min , Wu Hongzhi , Tang Linsheng 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe fire‐retardant synergy of bis(1‐methoxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐piperidinyl)sebacate (NORSM) and melamine hydrobromide (MHB)/aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADEP) in polypropylene (PP) has been studied using UL‐94 tests, limiting oxygen index (LOI) determination, and cone calorimetry tests (CCTs). The results indicate that NORSM exhibits exceptional fire‐retardant synergy with ADEP/MHB in PP. For a PP composite with 1.0 wt% of MHB and 1.5 wt% of ADEP, the LOI increased from 19.0% to 26.0%, fire retardation effectivity increased from 0.48 to 2.93, synergy effectivity was as high as 1.99, UL‐94 level was enhanced from none to V‐2, fire performance index increased from 56.4 to 84.8, and various heat release values decreased significantly when the PP composite just discussed combining 0.30 wt% of NORSM. NORSM plays a role in synergy with ADEP/MHB primarily through the following modes: radicals such as CH3O· and aminyl formed by the decomposition of NORSM; PO2·, PO·, and HPO· formed from ADEP; HBr formed from MHB; and quench active radicals such as HO· for combustion and breaking down the radical source, which terminates the chain oxidation reaction for combustion, leading to more exceptional fire retardation in the gaseous phase.
The dark side of informal institutions: How crime, corruption, and informality influence foreign firms' commitment
Authors: Bu Juan , Luo Yadong , Zhang Huan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study focuses on three prevalent societal issues—crime, corruption, and informal sector—that constitute the dark side of informal institutions in developing countries. We argue that the dark side of informal institutions has the potential to impede foreign firms' desire and ability to commit to the host countries. The effects of these three forms on foreign firms differ depending on the type of local commitment. Analyzing the World Bank data of foreign firms in 36 developing countries, we find that (a) host country corruption is stronger in deterring foreign firms' long‐term investment, (b) host country informality is stronger in obstructing foreign firms' innovation output, and (c) host country crime is stronger in undermining foreign firms' production capacity utilization. Our analysis also shows that host country's efficient regulatory institutions and foreign firms' non‐market‐seeking motive are two important countervailing forces that attenuate the negative effects of the dark side of informal institutions.Managerial SummaryForeign firms investing in developing countries need to deal with some illegal yet widespread practices in these countries. Specifically, crime, corruption, and informal sector represent the most prevalent and important societal issues that exert informal constraints on foreign firms. This study examines how the negative informal institutions influence foreign firms. Our cross‐country analysis using the World Bank data shows that, among the three negative informal institutions, corruption has a stronger effect in deterring foreign firms' investment commitment, informal sector has a stronger effect in obstructing foreign firms' innovation commitment, and crime has a stronger effect in undermining foreign firms' production commitment. Moreover, these negative effects will be alleviated when the developing country has efficient regulatory institutions or when the foreign firm has a low market dependence on the developing country. Our findings provide implications for managers of multinational enterprises (MNEs) investing in developing countries and offer suggestions for policymakers on how to improve the institutional environment for foreign investment.
Individualized video recommendation modulates functional connectivity between large scale networks
Authors: Su Conghui , Zhou Hui , Wang Chunjie , Geng Fengji , Hu Yuzheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith the emergence of AI‐powered recommender systems and their extensive use in the video streaming service, questions and concerns also arise. Why can recommended video content continuously capture users' attention? What is the impact of long‐term exposure to personalized video content on one's behaviors and brain functions? To address these questions, we designed an fMRI experiment presenting participants with personally recommended videos and generally recommended ones. To examine how large‐scale networks were modulated by personalized video content, graph theory analysis was applied to investigate the interaction between seven networks, including the ventral and dorsal attention networks (VAN, DAN), frontal–parietal network (FPN), salience network (SN), and three subnetworks of default mode network (dorsal medial prefrontal (dMPFC), Core, and medial temporal lobe (MTL)). Our results showed that viewing nonpersonalized video content mainly enhanced the connectivity in the DAN‐FPN‐Core pathway, whereas viewing personalized ones increased not only the connectivity in this pathway but also the DAN‐VAN‐dMPFC pathway. In addition, both personalized and nonpersonalized short videos decreased the couplings between SN and VAN as well as between two DMN subsystems, Core and MTL. Collectively, these findings uncovered distinct patterns of network interactions in response to short videos and provided insights into potential neural mechanisms by which human behaviors are biased by personally recommended content.
Adjuvant radiation and cetuximab improves local control in head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: Phase II study
Authors: Kreinbrink Paul J. , Mierzwa Michelle L. , Huth Brad , Redmond Kevin P. , Wise‐Draper Trisha M. , Casper Keith , Li Junan , Takiar Vinita 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head/neck (CSCCHN) is common due to chronic sun exposure. As CSCCHN highly expresses EGFR, we prospectively studied postoperative concurrent cetuximab with radiotherapy for locally advanced CSCCHN (LA‐CSCCHN).Materials and methodsSingle‐institutional phase II trial of LA‐CSCCHN (NCT XXXX). Adjuvant radiation was given with concurrent cetuximab. Primary endpoint of 2‐year LRC and secondary objectives of 2‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) and 2‐year OS were assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsTwenty‐four patients ages 47–88 (median 71 years) were treated from 2014 to 2017. Fourteen patients had T3/4 disease, 5 had N1 disease, and 7 were N2/3. At median follow‐up of 42 months, median OS and DFS was not reached and 64 months. Two‐year OS was 75%, 2‐year DFS was 70.8%. LRC was 91.1% at 2 years. All grade 3 adverse events were related to skin toxicity (12.5% radiation‐related dermatitis, 16.7% cetuximab‐related rash).ConclusionsLRC compares favorably to historical data examining postoperative radiation alone but requires further investigation.
Prospective Study of Withdrawal of Antiviral Therapy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B after Prolonged Virological Response
Authors: Gara Naveen , Tana Michele M. , Kattapuram Meera , Auh Sungyoung , Sullivan Lauren , Fryzek Nancy , Walter Mary , Umarova Regina , Zhao Xiongce , Cloherty Gavin , Doo Edward , Heller Theo , Liang T. Jake , Ghany Marc G. 
Published: August 2021

Nucleoside analogue (NA) therapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is associated with improved clinical outcomes, but usually requires long‐term use. Whether treatment can be safely withdrawn and the factors associated with post‐withdrawal outcome are not well defined. To assess long‐term outcomes after stopping antiviral therapy, patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)–negative CHB who had received antiviral therapy for 4 or more years with hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (≤100 IU/mL) were prospectively withdrawn from antiviral therapy and monitored monthly for the initial 6 months and every 3 months thereafter. Those with clinical relapse were retreated according to severity of relapse. Fifteen patients were withdrawn from lamivudine (4), adefovir (5), or a combination of the two (6) after a mean treatment duration of 8.4 years. The mean age was 45 years, 13 were male, and 8 were initially HBeAg‐positive before treatment. After a mean follow‐up of 6.6 years, outcomes differed by pretreatment HBeAg status. All patients who were HBeAg+ before treatment experienced virological relapse (8 of 8); 6 of 8 experienced clinical relapse; 4 of 8 had ALT flares; 5 of 8 required re‐initiation of treatment, one of whom cleared hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg); and 3 of 8 remained off treatment, one of whom cleared HBsAg. In contrast, 4 of 7 patients who were HBeAg‐negative before treatment experienced virological relapse, 3 of 7 experienced clinical relapse, and 1 of 7 had an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flare. None restarted treatment, and 4 of 7 cleared HBsAg. Low pre‐withdrawal HBsAg level was predictive of HBsAg loss. Conclusion: NA therapy can be safely withdrawn with long‐term remission and high rates of HBsAg loss in most HBeAg‐negative patients without cirrhosis. Patients who were initially HBeAg+ should not be withdrawn from treatment, because clinical relapse was frequent and often severe.
Examining the incentives and disincentives in the maintenance of Insecticide‐Treated Nets among householders in Ghana
Authors: Opoku Robert , Amoah Padmore Adusei , Nyamekye Kingsley Atta 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study explored the factors that affect the incentive to care for Insecticide‐Treated Nets (ITNs) among householders in the Shai‐Osudoku District of Ghana.MethodsThe study employed a descriptive qualitative design. Four in‐depth interviews (IDIs) and four focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to gather the data from 38 participants. A thematic technique was used to analyse the data.FindingsHouseholders were aware of the importance and use of ITNs. The factors underlying the motivation of householders to care for ITNs included their need to stay healthy; inadequate funds to acquire new ITNs and pay for healthcare cost; and their knowledge of the use and efficacy of ITNs. It was also found that obtaining the nets at no cost; limited time available to mend the ITNs; and limited knowledge on how to mend the ITNs disincentivised householders from effectively caring for the nets.ConclusionsThere is a need to rethink current ITN intervention programmes in ways that will improve the contents of public education messages and strengthen monitoring frameworks to ensure that householders take optimum care of their nets.
Role of reservoir regulation and groundwater feedback in a simulated ground‐soil‐vegetation continuum: A long‐term regional scale analysis
Authors: Wei Jianhui , Dong Ningpeng , Fersch Benjamin , Arnault Joël , Wagner Sven , Laux Patrick , Zhang Zhenyu , Yang Qianya , Yang Chuanguo , Shang Shasha , Gao Lu , Yu Zhongbo , Kunstmann Harald 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe regional terrestrial water cycle is strongly altered by human activities. Among them, reservoir regulation is a way to spatially and temporally allocate water resources in a basin for multi‐purposes. However, it is still not sufficiently understood how reservoir regulation modifies the regional terrestrial‐ and subsequently, the atmospheric water cycle. To address this question, the representation of reservoir regulation into the terrestrial component of fully coupled regional Earth system models is required. In this study, an existing process‐based reservoir network module is implemented into NOAH‐HMS, that is, the terrestrial component of an atmospheric–hydrologic modelling system, namely, the WRF‐HMS. It allows to quantitatively differentiate role of reservoir regulation and of groundwater feedback in a simulated ground‐soil‐vegetation continuum. Our study focuses on the Poyang Lake basin, where the largest freshwater lake of China and reservoirs of different sizes are located. As compared to streamflow observations, the newly extended NOAH‐HMS slightly improves the streamflow and streamflow duration curves simulation for the Poyang Lake basin for the period 1979–1986. The inclusion of reservoir regulation leads to major changes in the simulated groundwater recharges and evaporation from reservoirs at local scale, but has minor effects on the simulated soil moisture and surface runoff at basin scale. The performed groundwater feedback sensitivity analysis shows that the strength of the groundwater feedback is not altered by the consideration of reservoir regulation. Furthermore, both reservoir regulation and groundwater feedback modify the partitioning of the simulated evapotranspiration, thus affecting the atmospheric water cycle in the Poyang Lake region. This finding motivates future research with our extended fully coupled atmospheric–hydrologic modelling system by the community.