bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directly Exploring the Neural Correlates of Feedback-Related Reward Saliency and Valence During Real-Time fMRI-Based Neurofeedback
Authors: Direito Bruno , Ramos Manuel , Pereira João , Sayal Alexandre , Sousa Teresa , Castelo-Branco Miguel 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The potential therapeutic efficacy of real-time fMRI Neurofeedback has received increasing attention in a variety of psychological and neurological disorders and as a tool to probe cognition. Despite its growing popularity, the success rate varies significantly, and the underlying neural mechanisms are still a matter of debate. The question whether an individually tailored framework positively influences neurofeedback success remains largely unexplored.Methods: To address this question, participants were trained to modulate the activity of a target brain region, the visual motion area hMT+/V5, based on the performance of three imagery tasks with increasing complexity: imagery of a static dot, imagery of a moving dot with two and with four opposite directions. Participants received auditory feedback in the form of vocalizations with either negative, neutral or positive valence. The modulation thresholds were defined for each participant according to the maximum BOLD signal change of their target region during the localizer run.Results: We found that 4 out of 10 participants were able to modulate brain activity in this region-of-interest during neurofeedback training. This rate of success (40%) is consistent with the neurofeedback literature. Whole-brain analysis revealed the recruitment of specific cortical regions involved in cognitive control, reward monitoring, and feedback processing during neurofeedback training. Individually tailored feedback thresholds did not correlate with the success level. We found region-dependent neuromodulation profiles associated with task complexity and feedback valence.Discussion: Findings support the strategic role of task complexity and feedback valence on the modulation of the network nodes involved in monitoring and feedback control, key variables in neurofeedback frameworks optimization. Considering the elaborate design, the small sample size here tested (N = 10) impairs external validity in comparison to our previous studies. Future work will address this limitation. Ultimately, our results contribute to the discussion of individually tailored solutions, and justify further investigation concerning volitional control over brain activity.
Sociodemographic Differences in Prenatal Diagnosis of Chromosomal Anomalies: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Santoro Michele , Mezzasalma Lorena , Coi Alessio , Baldacci Silvia , Pasquini Lucia , Pierini Anna 
Published: February 2021

Background: In Europe, about 76% of cases of chromosomal anomalies are prenatally diagnosed. Prenatal diagnosis allows more efficient planning of postnatal treatment and helps parents for an informed decision about the continuation of pregnancy. The main aim of this study was to evaluate whether the sociodemographic maternal characteristics affect the probability of prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal anomalies.Methods: Cases of chromosomal anomalies in the period 2005–2017 came from the population-based registry of congenital anomalies of Tuscany (Italy). Differences in the proportion of cases prenatally diagnosed were investigated through the following maternal characteristics: education, geographic origin and occupation. The association between cases of termination of pregnancy after prenatal diagnosis and maternal characteristics was also analysed. Odds Ratios (OR) adjusted by maternal age were calculated using logistic regression models. Results were provided for all cases of chromosomal anomalies and for Down syndrome cases.Results: A total of 1,419 cases were included in the study. Cases prenatally diagnosed were 1,186 (83.6%). We observed a higher proportion of cases not prenatally diagnosed among cases with low maternal education compared to those with high maternal education (OR = 2.16, p &lt; 0.001) and in women from high migratory outflow countries, compared to the Italian ones (OR = 2.85, p &lt; 0.001). For prenatally diagnosed Down syndrome cases, we observed a higher proportion of termination of pregnancy for women with low education level (OR = 4.36, p = 0.023).Conclusions: In our study evidence of differences in the probability of prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal anomalies associated with maternal education and geographic origin was found. Population-based studies investigating sociodemographic disparities can provide essential information for targeted public health programs. Further studies are recommended to monitor the impact of the increasing availability of non-invasive screening tests.
Graft Versus Host Disease Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Pharmacovigilance Study and Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Nguyen Lee S. , Raia Lisa , Lebrun-Vignes Bénédicte , Salem Joe-Elie 
Published: February 2021

Background: In patients with allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are used to treat malignancy recurrence. However, ICI are also associated with graft vs. host disease (GVHD). In this pharmacovigilance analysis, we aimed to characterize cases of GVHD associated with ICI, drawn from the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database, VigiBase®, and from literature.Methods: We performed VigiBase® query of cases of GVHD associated with ICI. These cases were combined with those of literature, not reported in VigiBase®. The Bayesian estimate of disproportionality analysis, the information component, was considered significant if its 95% credibility interval lower bound was positive; denoting a significant association between GVHD and the suspected ICI. Time to onset between ICI and GVHD onset and subsequent mortality were assessed.Results: Disproportionality analysis yielded 93 cases of GVHD associated with ICI (61.8% men, median age 38 [interquartile range = 27; 50] years). Cases were mostly associated with nivolumab (53/93, 57.0%), pembrolizumab (23/93, 24.7%) and ipilimumab (12/93, 12.9%) monotherapies. GVHD events occurred after 1 [1; 5.5] injection of ICI, with a time to onset of 35 [IQR = 14; 176] days. Immediate subsequent mortality after GVHD was 24/93, 25.8%. There was no significant difference in mortality depending on the molecule (p = 0.41) or the combination regimen (combined vs. monotherapy, p = 0.60). Previous history of GVHD was present in 11/18, 61.1% in cases reported in literature.Conclusion: In this worldwide pharmacovigilance study, disproportionality yielded significant association between GVHD and ICI, with subsequent mortality of 25.8%. Previous history of GVHD was reported in more than half of cases.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier:NCT03492242
Studying Gambling Behaviors and Responsible Gambling Tools in a Simulated Online Casino Integrated With Amazon Mechanical Turk: Development and Initial Validation of Survey Data and Platform Mechanics of the Frescati Online Research Casino
Authors: Lindner Philip , Ramnerö Jonas , Ivanova Ekaterina , Carlbring Per 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Online gambling, popular among both problem and recreational gamblers, simultaneously entails both heightened addiction risks as well as unique opportunities for prevention and intervention. There is a need to bridge the growing literature on learning and extinction mechanisms of gambling behavior, with account tracking studies using real-life gambling data. In this study, we describe the development and validation of the Frescati Online Research Casino (FORC): a simulated online casino where games, visual themes, outcome sizes, probabilities, and other variables of interest can be experimentally manipulated to conduct behavioral analytic studies and evaluate the efficacy of responsible gambling tools.Methods: FORC features an initial survey for self-reporting of gambling and gambling problems, along with several games resembling regular real-life casino games, designed to allow Pavlovian and instrumental learning. FORC was developed with maximum flexibility in mind, allowing detailed experiment specification by setting parameters using an online interface, including the display of messages. To allow convenient and rapid data collection from diverse samples, FORC is independently hosted yet integrated with the popular crowdsourcing platform Amazon Mechanical Turk through a reimbursement key mechanism. To validate the survey data quality and game mechanics of FORC, n = 101 participants were recruited, who answered an questionnaire on gambling habits and problems, then played both slot machine and card-draw type games. Questionnaire and trial-by-trial behavioral data were analyzed using standard psychometric tests, and outcome distribution modeling.Results: The expected associations among variables in the introductory questionnaire were found along with good psychometric properties, suggestive of good quality data. Only 6% of participants provided seemingly poor behavioral data. Game mechanics worked as intended: gambling outcomes showed the expected pattern of random sampling with replacement and were normally distributed around the set percentages, while balances developed according to the set return to player rate.Conclusions: FORC appears to be a valid paradigm for simulating online gambling and for collecting survey and behavioral data, offering a valuable compromise between stringent experimental paradigms with lower external validity, and real-world gambling account tracking data with lower internal validity.
Pemodelan Perkuatan Menggunakan Bambu Untuk Daya Dukung Pondasi Dangkal pada Tanah Gambut
Authors: Sutejo Yulindasari , Muliawan Sutanto , Dewi Ratna , Hadinata Febrian , Ariawan Budi , Rustam Reffanda Kurniawan 
Published: February 2021

Some of the unfavorable characteristics of peat soil are low bearing capacity and high compressibility. The reinforcing material used in this research which functions the same as geogrid are bamboo materials (grids and woven). The bamboo material used aims to determine the carrying capacity and reduction of shallow foundations on peat soil before being reinforced and after being reinforced. Bamboo matting and rectangular patterned bamboo grids. Laboratory scale testing were used as the research methodology. The peat soil sampling location came from the area of Dusun III Banyu Urip, Banyuasin regency, South Sumatra province. The bamboo material is obtained from the Seberang Ulu area, Palembang City and sand is obtained from the sand depot in the Musi II area, Palembang City. The results of laboratory testing show that the addition of the number of reinforcement layers and the effective layer depth distance will give a greater bearing capacity ratio (BCR) value. The bearing capacity value of the shallow foundation before being reinforced on peat soil using Terzaghi's analysis is 45.232 kpa. Then, after testing the variation in the depth of the layer d = 0b; d = 0.25b; and d = 0.5b with the number of layers 1 layer, 2 layers and 3 layers obtained a variation which gives the highest bearing capacity value of layer depth variations d = 0.25b with the number of layers of 3 layers. The bearing capacity value is 94 kpa with a BCRvalue of 2.08 (percent increase of 107.96 %).
Participación ciudadana en Bogotá
Authors: Vásquez González Yessika Lorena , Rueda Rodríguez Bibiana Marcela , Serrano Cárdenas Lizeth Fernanda 
Published: February 2021

El análisis de los movimientos sociales ha buscado examinar los patrones de movilización y activación pero también las oportunidades político- institucionales como marco que condiciona el surgimiento o despliegue de las estructuras de movilización. En particular, las instancias de participación ciudadana en los gobiernos locales se han convertido en arenas donde los movimientos sociales, muchos de los cuales reflejan proyectos de ciudadanías alternativas, han encontrado la posibilidad de visibilizar sus demandas, luchando para que éstas sean incorporadas en las agendas de los gobiernos. Este artículo tiene el propósito de examinar cómo los Consejos de Planeación Local en Bogotá se han constituido en escenarios donde diversos movimientos sociales de la ciudad han encontrado la oportunidad de posicionar sus demandas en las localidades. Finalizaremos con una visión crítica de estas instancias participativas señalando sus limitaciones, pero también las posibilidades que han representado.
Final inches: Tsar Nicholas II and Cannonry (battery) for Dreadnoughts
Authors: Поликарпов В.В. 
Published: February 2021

В канун Первой мировой войны линейные корабли представляли собой самое тяжелое и технически сложное оружие.
Создание его требовало полного напряжения научных и промышленных ресурсов и было по силам лишь немногим странам. В целом успехи в вооружении флота дают своего рода мерило для объективной сравнительной оценки уровня культурного и экономического развития России, ее противников и союзников.
В начале ХХ в. делались попытки установить производство морских дальнобойных орудий главного калибра — 14, 16 дюймов — на Обуховском заводе в Петербурге, Пермском (Мотовилихинском) на Урале и на новом Царицынском заводе на Волге.
Источники показывают, что, вопреки существующим в литературе представлениям, ни один из этих заводов до конца войны не приспособился к выпуску орудий калибром более 12 дюймов.
При этом 12-дюймовые пушки Обуховского завода с их малопрочным металлом не допускали использования новейших наиболее мощных снарядов. Причиной отставания являлась архаическая постановка сталелитейного дела, незнание тонкостей его технологии и слабость оборудования. Не научившись изготовлять подходящие болванки, нельзя было практически испытать также и степень пригодности станков и механизмов, предназначенных для дальнейших операций.
Бодрые отчеты ведомств об успешном налаживании нового производства порождают противоречия в историческом освещении проблемы; планы и программы не всегда удается отделить от фактических реалий.
On the eve of the First World War the battleship was the most powerful type of warship.
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, battleships were a symbol of naval dominance and national might. Construction of a battleship required top scientific and industry resources. Thus the navy-force level assessment is a perfect objective criterion for comparative evaluation of cultural and economic development of Russia, its allies and enemies.
In the beginning of the XX c. attempts were made to install production of long range naval guns — 12-inch, 14-inch and 16-inch — in the Motovilikhinskiye Zavod,based in the city of Perm (Ural), the Obukhov State Plant in St. Petersburg and the Tsarytsin plant on the Volga river. According to the sources (which show information contrary to past beliefs), up to the end of the WWI noneof the plants mentioned above could produce arms larger then 12-inch caliber. Thus,the 12-inch navel guns produced by Obukhov State Plant had weak tubing results in a firearm, and the arms couldn’t use the newest war heads.
The reasons for the backlog were the archaic staging of the steelwork, ignorance of the intricacies of technology, and weakness of equipment. Without knowing how to make suitable bars, it was also impossible to experience the degree of suitability of machines and mechanisms designed for further operations.
Exiting reports from administration about successful tuning of the production process, lead to contradictions in the historical overview of the problem; it is sometimes difficult to separate the factual reality from plans and programs made.
TEORI AL-HUDUD DAN PERMASALAHAN BUNGA BANK (TELAAH PEMIKIRAN MUHAMMAD SHAHRUR)
Authors: Muhaimin Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

Salah satu karakteristik hukum Islam adalah bahwa ia dapat diterapkan di semua tempat dan waktu, meskipun Al-Quran dan Hadis sebagai sumbernya bersifat terbatas. Hal ini membutuhkan metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menerapkan karakteristik ini di dunia modern, di setiap keadaan dan tempat. Pemikiran bahwa hukum yang dijelaskan dalam Al-Qur'an dan Hadits memuat batasan (al-h{udu>d), baik batas atas maupun bawah, merupakan salah satu metode penerapan hukum, sehingga karakteristik hukum Islam ini dapat diwujudkan. Teori al-h{udu>d yang dirumuskan oleh Muhammad Shah}ru>r ini dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan berbagai masalah kontemporer di bidang hukum Islam, dan merupakan upaya untuk membuktikan bahwa hukum Islam dapat menjawab tuntutan zaman. Shahrur menawarkan penerapan hukum riba pada perbankan modern dengan menggunakan teori al-h{udu>d ini, sehingga orang miskin tidak tertindas dan orang kaya tidak dipersalahkan.
One of the characteristics of Islamic law is that it can be applied in all places and times, although the Qur'an and Hadith as its source are limited. This requires a method that can apply these characteristics in the modern world, in every circumstance and place. The thought that the law described in the Qur'an and the hadith contains restrictions (al-h{udu>d), both upper and lower limits, is one method of applying the law, so that the characteristics of Islamic law can be realized. The al-h{udu>d's theory which has been formulated by Muhammad Shah}ru>r can be used to solve various contemporary problems in the field of Islamic law, and is an attempt to prove that Islamic law can answer the demands of the times. Shahrur offered to apply the law of usury to modern banking using this al-h{udu>d theory, so that the poor are not oppressed and the rich are not wronged.
Actualization of Transformational Leadership based on Spiritual Empowerment for Enhancing Quality of Higher Education
Authors: Junaidi Muhammad , Himmah Asmi Faiqatul 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Leadership has significant and strategic role for enhancing the quality of higher education institution. In implementing transformational leadership based on spiritual empowerment, the leadership should have mastered these four components: a) charisma, b) inspirational motivation, c) intellectual stimulation, d) individualized consideration. This article uses descriptive qualitative approach and gets some discoveries as follows; first, IAIN actualyzes the concept of “Islam Nusantara” in constructing academic atmosphere. Second, IAIN actualyzes KH. Shiddiq’s four pillars of spiritual empowerment. Research result showed that the implementation of transformational leadership style has been implemented as follows: First, to fulfill and explore charismatic leadership in IAIN, the principal implemented some steps as follows: First, illustrating vision and mission formulation clearly. Second, foster pride in the institution. Third, respected and appreciated by followers. Forth, needs to gain the support and trust from followers. Second, to express his inspirational motivation to his followers, the principal implemented his ability in communicating high expectation and exploring the symbols/jargon/motto of institution for focusing on the effort to explore them simply. Third, the way principal stimulates his followers intellectual through these following things: 1) promoting intellectual behavior. 2) conducting learning organization. 3) Intellectual sensitivity. Fourth, able to provide appropriate solutions. 4)Individualized Consideration.
Ta’līm Qawā’id al-Lugah al-Arabiyah fī Kullīyati al-Syarī’ah bi Jāmi’ati Maulānā Mālik Ibrāhīm al-Islāmiyah al-Hukūmiyah Malang bi Barmajiyah “Arabunā”
Authors: Ma'arif A. Samsul 
Published: February 2021

ملخص البحث
إن تعليم اللغة العربية بإندونيسيا مازال بعيد عن النتائج المرجوة. لذلك اجتهد علماء اللغة العربية فيها بأن يُـجيدوا ويـبتكروا في الوسائل التعليمية المناسبة والجذابة. ومن تلك الوسائل هي برمجية "عَـرَبُـنَا" في تعليم قواعد اللغة العربية. حاول الباحث أن يكتشف فعالية استخدام هذا القرص الإرتجالي في تعليم قواعد اللغة العربية على طلبة البرنامج المكثف في لتعليم اللغة العربية بجامعة مولانا مالك إبراهيم الإسلامية الحكومية مالانج. يهدف هذا البحث إلى (1) وصف مزايا و العيوب من برمجية "عربنا" و (2) معرفة إجراء تعليم قواعد اللغة العربية بـبرمجية "عربنا" ، و (3) معرفة الأحوال المتغيرة بعد استخدام برمجية "عربنا". يكون هذا البحث بحثا وصفيا. أما مصادر البيانات التي استخدم الباحث فهو (1) الملاحظة، و(2) الاختبار. وحلّـل الباحث البيانات المذكورة كما استخدمه Lexy Meleong. ونتائج هذا البحث هي (1) إن تعليم قواعد اللغة العربية باستخدام برمجية "عَـرَبُـنَا" بكلية الشريعة بجامعة مولانا مالك إبراهيم الإسلامية الحكومية مالانج له مزايا من جهة نتيجة الطلبة المحصولة، رغم أن هناك الشروط اللازمة في استخدام البرمجية وهذه هي من العيوب، و (2) تتكون إجراءات البرمجية على الإعداد، والتخطيط والتقييم، و (3) إن الطلبة في البرنامج المكثف في تعليم اللغة العربية في كلية الشريعة له قدرة وكفاءة الجيدة بعد استخدام البرمجية
Tatwīr al-Mawād at-Ta’līmiyah al-Maudū’iyah bi al-Lugah al-‘Arabiyah Li Țullāb Qism Ta’līm Mudarrisī al-Madrasah al-Ibtidā’iyah bi Ma’had al-Tanwīr al-islamī Bojonegoro
Authors: Nisa' Dwi Khoirotun 
Published: February 2021

الأهداف من هذا البحث هي: (1) معرفة عملية تطوير المواد التعليمية الموضوعية باللغة العربية لطلاب قسم تعليم مدرسي المدرسة الإبتدائية بجامعة التنوير الإسلامية بوجونغورو، و (2) معرفة استحقاق و فعالية استخدام المواد التعليمية الموضوعية باللغة العربية لطلاب قسم تعليم مدرسي المدرسة الإبتدائية بالمعهد التنوير العالي الإسلامي بوجونغورو. تستخدم الباحثة هذا البحث طريقة البحث و التطوير مع طريقة تصميم التعليم لـ - ADDIE (التحليل، التصميم، التطوير، التطبيق، والتقويم). طريقة جمع البيانات لهذا البحث هي: الملاحظة، والمقابلة، والإستبانة، والاختبار، والوثائقية. أما طريقة تحليل البيانات هي التحليل الوصفي الكيفي وبرمز الدرجة المعدلة.من نتائج البحث هي (1) يستخدم عملية تطوير المواد التعليمية الموضوعية باللغة العربية بطريقة “ADDIE” يعني: التحليل، والتصميم، والتطوير، والتطبيق، والتقويم. نتيجته هي المواد التعليمية الموضوعية باللغة العربية التي تكتب على ورقة ب- 5 وتتركب من 185 صفحة التي تنقسم إلى ثلاثة فصول، وهي: 1) اللغة العربية في المدرسة الإبتدائية، 2) اللغة العربية في الجامعة، و 3) النصوص عن التربية، والإسلام، واللغة العربية. يستخدم هذا المواد التعليمية الخط "18"Arabic Typsetting. يُكتَب هذا المواد التعليمية لطموح مدّرسي اللغة العربية في المدرسة الإبتدائية. (2) نتيجة تجربة التحقق من خبير المواد تنال القيمة 63 على المست
وى "جيد جدا"، وكذالك من خبير التصميم الذي ينال القيمة 83 على المستوى "جيد جدا". أما نتيحة تقويم الطلاب تنال القيمة 2432 على المستوى "جيد جدا". أما من نتيجة تجربة الفعالة، يدل أنّ كانت الترقية من النتيجة المعدلة في الاختبار القبلي التي تنال القيمة 69،4% على المستوى "مقبول"، ترقّى على القيمة 77،1% على المستوى "جيد". إذن، استخدام المواد التعليمية الموضوعية باللغة العربية لطلاب قسم تعليم مدّرسي المدرسة الإبتدائية بمعهد التنوير العالي الإسلامي بوجونغورو "مستحق" و "فعالة" في التعليم.
Respons Mahasiswa terhadap Pembelajaran Berbasis Guided Discovery pada Mata Kuliah Anatomi dan Fisiologi Makhluk Hidup
Authors: Fikriyah Aida 
Published: February 2021

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan respons mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran berbasis Guided discovery pada mata kuliah Anatomi dan Fisiologi Makhluk Hidup. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif kuantitatif dengan sasaran sebanyak 46 mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan IPA semester IV tahun akademik 2018/2019 yang dilaksanakan pada perkuliahan Anatomi dan Fisiologi Makhluk Hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa memberikan respons positif terhadap pembelajaran yang telah dilakukan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa respons mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran berbasis Guided discovery pada mata kuliah Anatomi dan Fisiologi Makhluk Hidup termasuk dalam kategori kuat.
Kata Kunci: aktivitas, respons, guided discovery

Abstract
This research aimed at describing the students’ response toward Guided discovery learning in Anatomy and Physiology of Organisms lecture. It included a quantitative-qualitative descriptive study which involved 46 students of Science Education Department on the 4th semester, in the academic year of 2018/2019 as the subjects. Findings obtained in this study indicated that students showed positive response toward the learning process. To conclude, the students’ response toward Guided discovery learning in Anatomy and Physiology of Organisms lecture can be categorized as strong criteria.
Keywords: Activity, response, guided discovery