bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfaces in the returnees’ heritage language: Is the complete (re-)activation possible?
Authors: Antonova-Unlu Elena , Wei Li , Kaya-Soykan Didem 
Published: September 2021

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: The aim of this study is to examine whether the complete (re-)activation of interface domains in the heritage language (HL) is possible or whether interfaces are likely to preserve features typical for the HL even after many years of residing in the country of origin. Design/methodology/approach: We present the group analysis of direct object marking in Turkish, which is a morphology-syntax-pragmatics interface, of Turkish-German returnees, who returned to Turkey after puberty and have been residing in the country for a minimum of 10 and a maximum of 34 years, and compare them with the control group consisting of Turkish speakers who have been living in Turkey all their lives. Data and analysis: The data were collected using a narrative task, a completion task and a grammaticality judgement task, and analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Findings/conclusions: The analysis of the narrative task revealed that the returnee participants used case-marking on direct objects productively depending on the discourse and syntactic position of the direct object in their heritage Turkish. However, their performance on the completion and grammaticality judgement tasks diverged from those of the control group. These findings can be considered as a piece of evidence that interface domains stay obstinate to complete (re-)activation and may preserve features typical for the HL many years after the return to the country of origin. Originality: The study suggests relevance of the Interface Hypothesis to the process of HL (re-)activation. Significance/implications: The study contributes to the research on the HL development of returnees after their return to the country of origin.
Evidence-Based Design for Workplace Violence Prevention in Emergency Departments Utilizing CPTED and Space Syntax Analyses
Authors: El-Hadedy Nada , El-Husseiny Momen 
Published: September 2021

Background: Workplace violence (WPV) is a prevalent phenomenon in Egyptian emergency departments (EDs), an issue that threatens an already scarce resource of healthcare workers. Furthermore, changes and modifications are continuously taking place in hospitals, with no consideration to the important role those changes might play in reducing or encouraging WPV behaviors. Objective: This research serves as an initial step in offering answers on how the environmental design of an ED can be modified and manipulated to prevent and control WPV. Accordingly, the objective of this research is to identify the environmental features that potentially influence WPV in the ED. This could provide healthcare designers with the necessary tools to forecast the location of WPV and define the measures needed for a safer working environment. Method: The study comprised a hybrid method approach that evaluates the implementation of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) through field observation and combined with space syntax analyses (SSAs) of the spatial attributes. Results: The results showed a positive relationship between the spatial properties (high integration and connectivity values) and WPV locations. The results also demonstrated that situational factors as natural surveillance played an important role in displacing the WPV locations. Conclusions: The contribution of this research lies in elaborating the SSA and CPTED from a conceptual to an empirical level. Combining those tools will help identify the location of WPV in the ED and hence facilitates successful future environmental intervention strategies.
Loss of Autophagy Causes Increased Apoptosis of Tibial Plateau Chondrocytes in Guinea Pigs with Spontaneous Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Xiao-jian , Tian Wei , Xu Wei-wei , Lu Xiao , Zhang Yu-ming , Li Li-jun , Chang Feng 
Published: September 2021

Objective The goal of the present study was to observe the effect of autophagy in tibial plateau chondrocytes on apoptosis in spontaneous knee osteoarthritis (OA) in guinea pigs. Design Fifty 2-month-old female Hartley guinea pigs were divided into a normal group (10 animals, all euthanized after 7 months) and an OA group (40 animals, 10 of which were euthanized after 10 months). Immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to evaluate autophagy levels, intracellular glycogen accumulation and apoptosis in tibial plateau chondrocytes in vivo and in vitro. The remaining 30 guinea pigs in the OA group were divided into 3 groups: a rapamycin group, a normal saline group, and a 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group. Intracellular glycogen accumulation and chondrocyte apoptosis were assessed by altering the level of autophagy in chondrocytes in vivo. Results When spontaneous OA occurred in guinea pigs, autophagy levels in tibial plateau chondrocytes decreased, while intracellular glycogen accumulation and the rate of chondrocyte apoptosis increased. After enhancing the level of autophagy in tibial plateau chondrocytes in guinea pigs with OA, intracellular glycogen accumulation and the rate of chondrocyte apoptosis decreased, while inhibiting autophagy had the opposite effects. Conclusion The results indicate that the function of autophagy in chondrocytes may at least partly involve the catabolism of glycogen. In guinea pigs with OA, the level of autophagy in tibial plateau chondrocytes decreased, and chondrocytes were unable to degrade intracellular glycogen into glucose, leading to less energy for chondrocytes and increased apoptosis.
Efficacy and tolerability of infliximab retreatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Seungwon , Yang Siyoung , Kwon Jo Young , Kim Seungyeon , Jung Chang Min , Choi Junjeong , Hee Cheon Jae , Yu Yun Mi 
Published: September 2021

Background: A large proportion of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) relapse after drug discontinuation despite achieving a stable state of infliximab-induced clinical remission. Resuming the use of the same tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors in patients who relapse following TNF-α inhibitor discontinuation was suggested as a treatment strategy. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of infliximab retreatment in patients with IBD. Methods: A systematic literature search to shortlist relevant studies was conducted using the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and SCOPUS databases for studies published from inception to August 2020. Results: Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled clinical remission rate of infliximab retreatment in patients with IBD was 85% (95% confidence interval (CI), 81–89%) for induction treatment and 73% (95% CI, 66–80%) for maintenance treatment. A clinical remission rate following infliximab reintroduction was achieved in a greater proportion of patients with Crohn’s disease (87%; 95% CI, 83–91%) than in those with ulcerative colitis (78%; 95% CI, 61–91%) for induction treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant. Infusion-related reactions after infliximab retreatment occurred in 9% of patients with IBD (95% CI, 3–16%). Conclusion: Infliximab retreatment showed high clinical remission rates with tolerable infusion-related reactions in patients with IBD who achieved remission with initial infliximab treatment but relapsed after its discontinuation. We suggest infliximab as a viable alternative in patients with IBD who previously responded well to infliximab treatment.
Setting standards for cystectomy using the British Association of Urological Surgeons Complex Operations Reports, 2016–2018
Authors: John Joseph B , Pascoe John , Fowler Sarah , Rowe Edward , Colquhoun Alexandra , Challacombe Benjamin , Bufacchi Rory , Dickinson Andrew J , McGrath John S 
Published: September 2021

Objective: To produce comprehensive standards for cystectomy using contemporary data collected across a nation. Patients and methods: Surgical departments upload cystectomy data to the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) Complex Operations Database. Analysis of 2016–2018 data was performed for all recorded 5288 patients undergoing cystectomy in England. Logistic regression with general linear models was used to assess differences in patient selection between operative modalities. Analysis involved assessment of case selection, operative decisions and outcomes, case volume and pathological outcomes. Results: Using national Hospital Episode Statistics, the BAUS cystectomy dataset was estimated 93% complete. Median age was 70 years (interquartile range 63–75) and 75% were male. Charlson comorbidity index ⩽2 was reported in 87%. Primary treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer accounted for 46% of cases. Commonest preoperative disease stages were T2N0 and T1N0 (35% and 25% respectively). Robotic-assisted (RAC), laparoscopic (LC) and open cystectomy (OC) were performed in 41%, 5.5% and 54% of cases respectively. T-stage distribution differed by operative modality. Transfusion rates were 3.7% for RAC, 6.0% for LC and 18% for OC. Increasing positive surgical margin rates were observed with increasing T-stage, up to T3. The conversion-to-open rate for minimally-invasive surgery was 1.7%. Median annual centre and surgeon case volumes were highest for RAC. Median length of stay was 7, 10 and 10 days for RAC, LC and OC respectively. Postoperative histological upstaging was common (33% of cT1, 50% of cT2 cases). Lymph node positive rates were 28% for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Conclusion: Analysis of this data provides understanding of ‘real-world’ cystectomy practice. Presentation of data specific to operative modality allows surgeons and centres to benchmark their respective practices. These findings offer to enhance patient and public understanding beyond that currently facilitated by publicly-facing information sources. They carry relevance by describing a near-complete and large volume of modern practice in a publicly funded healthcare system. Level of evidence: 2b
Concomitant carcinoma in situ is an independent prognostic predictor for patients with localized lymph node–negative upper-tract urothelial carcinoma undergoing nephroureterectomy
Authors: Cheng Pai-Yu , Chung Shiu-Dong , Tsai Chung-You 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the predictive value of concomitant carcinoma in situ (CIS) for cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) undergoing radical nephroureterectomy. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of the clinicopathological features in a cohort of 126 patients with localized lymph node–negative UTUC who underwent radical nephroureterectomy with bladder-cuff excision in a tertiary medical center between January 1, 2007, and June 30, 2018. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify risk factors for CSS in UTUC. Additionally, Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed in subgroups according to pathological tumor stage. Results: The median age and follow-up duration were 70 years and 3.5 years, respectively. Concomitant CIS, which was present in 21% of the patient specimens, was not associated with most clinical or pathological features, except for lymphovascular invasion and multifocality. Concomitant CIS (adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=4.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.78–12.06, p=0.002) and pathological tumor stage (adjusted HR=4.07, 95% CI 1.99–8.31, p<0.001) were significantly associated with CSS in the multivariate Cox regression model. In the subgroup analysis, concomitant CIS in patients with locally advanced (pT3/pT4) UTUC was associated with significantly worse CSS compared to those without CIS (HR=3.83, 95% CI 1.20–12.21). Conclusion: The pathological presence of concomitant CIS was independently associated with poor CSS in patients with localized lymph node–negative UTUC undergoing radical nephroureterectomy. These findings provide crucial information relevant for postoperative patient counseling, use of adjuvant therapy, follow-up intensity, and clinical trial enrollment. Level of evidence Level II.
Decreased Shoulder and Elbow Joint Loads During the Changeup Compared With the Fastball and Curveball in NCAA Division I Collegiate Softball Pitchers
Authors: Oliver Gretchen D. , Downs Talmage Jessica L. , Friesen Kenzie B. , Saper Michael G. , Dugas Jeffrey R. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Baseball leagues have implemented pitch count and pitch type restrictions based on biomechanical concepts associated with pitch type. Softball has not yet adopted these practices, although softball pitchers continue to pitch at a high volume and learn multiple pitches at a young age. Purpose: To examine shoulder and elbow kinetics between the fastball, curveball, and changeup, as well as to provide descriptive upper extremity pain data in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) softball pitchers. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Study participants consisted of 27 female NCAA Division I softball pitchers (age, 20.2 ± 1.9 years; height, 175.7 ± 5.7 cm; weight, 83.6 ± 12.7 kg). The participants pitched 3 balls of each pitch type, and kinetic data were recorded. A one-way within-participants repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance was used to determine significant differences in kinetics and pitch speed between pitch types. Results: Results revealed a statistically significant main effect for pitch type (Wilks λ = .087; F = 36.523; P < .001). Post hoc testing showed that the changeup produced less anterior elbow force compared with the fastball ( P < .001) and the curveball ( P = .012). In addition, the changeup produced less shoulder distraction force compared with the fastball ( P < .001) and the curveball ( P = .001). Additionally, there was a significant difference in pitch speed between all 3 pitch types ( P = .006). The curveball revealed no statistically significant kinetic differences compared with the fastball. Conclusion: The fastball and curveball placed similar stress on the upper extremity in collegiate softball pitchers. However, in comparison with the changeup, the fastball and curveball placed increased stress on the upper extremity. More research is needed to fully explain the differences seen between pitch type and injury risk. Clinical Relevance: Sports medicine professionals, coaches, and athletes should use the current study results to note these differences in shoulder distraction and elbow anterior forces between softball pitch types. The study results can be used as a reference and basis for future research investigating kinetic differences across varying pitch types.
Does Bone Regrow After Notchplasty in ACL Reconstruction? A Prospective Computed Tomography Study With 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Kitridis Dimitrios , Tsifountoudis Ioannis , Georgiannos Dimitrios , Tsikopoulos Konstantinos , Givissis Panagiotis , Bisbinas Ilias 
Published: September 2021

Background: During notchplasty in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, bone is excised from the lateral and roof area of the notch to widen the intercondylar space and avoid notch-graft impingement in extension. There are concerns that bone regrowth of the area will cause narrowing and increase the risk of complications. Purpose: To determine the possibility of late narrowing of the notch after notchplasty using computed tomography (CT) analysis. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Measurements were performed on CT scans (axial and sagittal planes with knee in extension) in patients who had undergone single-bundle anatomic ACL reconstruction using hamstring graft. Two axial image levels were used: at the anterior outlet and the anterior one-eighth level of the notch. The maximum notch height and width, the notch width at one-third and two-thirds of the preoperative notch midwidth height, the maximum condylar width, and the surface area of the lateral half of the notch were measured preoperatively and at 1 week and 2 years postoperatively. Results: Included were 20 consecutive patients (mean ± standard deviation age, 28 ± 7.3 years; follow-up, 24.2 ± 3.3 months). At the anterior notch outlet, the maximum notch width increased by 1.9 ± 1.7 mm at 1 week postoperatively and narrowed by 0.3 ± 1.1 mm at the final follow-up, while the maximum notch height increased by 1.7 ± 1.9 mm and narrowed by 0.8 ± 1.8 mm, respectively. At one-eighth of the roof length, the maximum notch width increased by 1.1 ± 1.7 mm at 1 week postoperatively and narrowed by 0.1 ± 1.1 mm at the final follow-up, and the maximum notch height increased by 1.2 ± 1.5 mm and narrowed by 0.5 ± 1.5 mm, respectively. All differences were statistically significant when comparing the pre- to the immediate postoperative measurements, and they were nonsignificant when comparing the immediate postoperative to the final follow-up measurements. The same applied for the ratio of maximum notch width to maximum condylar width, indicating no postoperative narrowing of the notch. Conclusion: Notch size-shape after a 2-mm notchplasty did not change significantly in stable knees during the first 2 years after anatomic ACL reconstruction. Surgeons should consider performing this adjuvant technique when there is notch-graft impingement during surgery.
Performance Outcomes After Surgical Repair of Achilles Tendon Rupture in the Women’s National Basketball Association
Authors: Hodgens Blake H. , Geller Joseph S. , Rizzo Michael G. , Munoz Julianne , Kaplan Jonathan , Aiyer Amiethab 
Published: September 2021

Background: Achilles tendon ruptures are devastating in elite athletes. There are currently no studies examining the effects of Achilles tendon rupture on performance outcomes in the Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA). Hypothesis: Athletes in the WNBA who sustained an Achilles tendon rupture and underwent subsequent surgical repair will sustain declines in performance metrics when compared with their preinjury statistics and matched controls. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Seventeen WNBA players who sustained an Achilles tendon rupture from 2000 to 2019 were identified through publicly available injury reports and player profiles. Athlete information collected included age, body mass index, position, and service in the WNBA when the tear occurred. Statistics were collected for 1 season before and 2 seasons after the injury, and the player efficiency rating (PER) was calculated. Players were matched to uninjured controls by service in the WNBA, position, and performance statistics. Results: On average, players were 28 years of age at the time of Achilles tendon rupture, with a service time in the WNBA of 6.5 years. Four players never returned to play in the WNBA, while 7 players failed to play more than 1 season. Players who did return played significantly fewer minutes per game compared with preinjury in both postinjury seasons 1 and 2 (mean difference, –6.11 and –6.54 min/game, respectively; P < .01 for both) and had a significantly decreased PER in postinjury season 2 (mean difference, –2.53; P = .024). After returning to play, the injured players experienced significant decreases when compared with controls in field goals (–0.85 vs +0.20; P = .047), free throws (–1.04 vs +0.12; P < .01), steals (–0.48 vs +0.24; P = .018), and points scored (–2.89 vs +0.58; P = .014). Conclusion: WNBA players experienced significant decreases in performance metrics after Achilles tendon rupture compared with their preinjury levels and compared with uninjured controls. Overall, 23.5% of players failed to return to the WNBA, while 41.2% failed to play for more than 1 season.
A novel activating JAK1 mutation in chronic eosinophilic leukemia
Authors: Shomali William , Damnernsawad Alisa , Theparee Talent , Sampson David , Morrow Quinlan , Yang Fei , Fernandez-Pol Sebastian , Press Richard , Zehnder James , Tyner Jeffrey W. , Gotlib Jason 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hypereosinophilia (HE) has been defined as persistent eosinophilia &gt;1.5 × 109/L; it is broadly divided into primary HE (clonal or neoplastic; HEN), secondary/reactive HE (HER), or HE of undetermined significance (HEUS) when no cause is identified. The use of myeloid next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels has led to the detection of several mutations in patients previously diagnosed with HEUS, reassigning some patients to the category of HEN, specifically the World Health Organization category of chronic eosinophilic leukemia, not otherwise specified (CEL, NOS). Here, we describe a novel somatic JAK1 pseudokinase domain mutation (R629_S632delinsSA) in a patient with HE that had initially been characterized as a variant of uncertain significance. We performed functional studies that demonstrated that this mutation results in growth factor independence of Ba/F3 cells in vitro and activation of the JAK-STAT pathway. These effects were abrogated by the JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. R629_S632delinsSA is the first known somatic mutation in JAK1 linked to a clonal eosinophilic neoplasm, and highlights the importance of the JAK-STAT pathway in eosinophil survival.
Restriction of HIV-1 infection in sickle cell trait
Authors: Kumari Namita , Nouraie Mehdi , Ahmad Asrar , Lassiter Hatajai , Khan Javed , Diaz Sharmin , Afangbedji Nowah , Wang Songping , Houston Patricia E. , Ammosova Tatiana , de Mulder Rougvie Miguel , Rana Sohail , Nixon Douglas F. , Anastos Kathryn , Lazar Jason , French Audrey L. , Gange Stephen , Adimora Adaora A. , Weitzmann M. Neale , Fischl Margaret , Kempf Mirjam-Colette , Kassaye Seble , Taylor James G. , Nekhai Sergei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPatients with sickle cell disease (SCD) have a lower risk for HIV-1 infection. We reported restriction of ex vivo HIV-1 infection in SCD peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) that was due, in part, to the upregulation of antiviral, inflammatory, and hemolytic factors, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Here, we investigated whether individuals with sickle cell trait (SCT), who develop mild hemolysis, also restrict HIV-1 infection. Ex vivo infection of SCT PBMCs exhibited an approximately twofold reduction of HIV-1 replication and lower levels of HIV-1 reverse transcription products, 2-long terminal repeat circle, HIV-1 integration, and gag RNA expression. SCT PBMCs had higher HO-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels and reduced ribonucleotide reductase 2 (RNR2) protein levels. HO-1 inhibition by tin porphyrin eliminated ex vivo HIV-1 restriction. Among Howard University clinic recruits, higher levels of HO-1 and RNR2 mRNA and lower HIV-1 env mRNA levels were found in SCT individuals living with HIV-1. To determine the population-level effect of SCT on HIV-1 prevalence, we assessed SCT among women living with HIV (WLH) in the WIHS (Women Interagency HIV-1 Study). Among WIHS African-American participants, the prevalence of SCT was lower among women with HIV compared with uninfected women (8.7% vs 14.2%; odds ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-0.92; P = .020). WIHS WLH with SCT had higher levels of CD4+/CD8+ ratios over 20 years of follow-up (P = .003) than matched WLH without SCT. Together, our findings suggest that HIV-1 restriction factors, including HO-1 and RNR2, might restrict HIV-1 infection among individuals with SCT and limit the pathogenicity of HIV.