bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐sowing weed control technique can affect woody seedling numbers, with early hand‐weeding potentially more beneficial than early spraying
Authors: Ede Fiona , Greet Joe 
Published: September 2021

SummaryDirect seeding is increasingly being used as a cost‐effective revegetation technique. Successful outcomes from direct seeding rely on effective weed control, particularly during the vulnerable seedling establishment phase. Post‐sowing weed control options are constrained by the need to protect seedlings from damage and few studies have compared the effectiveness of different weed control techniques. We evaluated the effect of preliminary hand weeding (with subsequent spraying), spraying monthly or spraying quarterly with glyphosate, on woody seedling emergence, survival and growth in trials sown either in spring or autumn at a riparian site in Victoria, southeastern Australia. Seedling numbers were recorded monthly for 6 months and at 12 months after sowing, with seedling survival and heights assessed at 12 months. Total seedling numbers were higher in subplots initially hand weeded than in subplots sprayed on either a monthly or quarterly basis, regardless of when direct seeding occurred, but weed control treatment had no effect on seedling survival. These results indicate that post‐sowing spraying limited rates of seedling emergence, either directly or indirectly. For direct seeding, hand weeding in the first few months after sowing may maximise rates of woody seedling emergence, while spraying with glyphosate may inhibit seedling emergence.
French nurses’ and allied health professionals’ perception of research in their fields: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Ricci Laetitia , Beguinet Mélanie , Guillemin Francis , Klein Sylvie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo gather information from nurses and allied health professionals in the French context of the emergence of research in the field so as to inform the development of a new tool: The research in nursing and allied health sciences’ Ideas Generator (GénI) capable of sustaining the identification of research ideas from professionals in the field.BackgroundIn many countries, research in nursing and allied health sciences remains underdeveloped.IntroductionBefore developing the Ideas Generator tool, it was essential to explore professionals’ basis of reference in providing care, then investigate (1) their representation of research in this field of science and (2) their perception of needs for and obstacles to starting a research process.MethodsThe qualitative research design used focus groups. The study population included 24 participants naive to research in four hospitals in eastern France (13 nurses and 11 allied health professionals). Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The study was reported in compliance with the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research criteria.FindingsProfessionals used tacit knowledge and their experiences to address care, but the culture of scientific evidence was clearly missing (lack of knowledge of the origin of care guidelines, few bibliographic skills). Participation in a research process could hardly be envisaged without a supervised collaboration with a physician. Research was perceived not to be part of professionals’ culture. They self‐censured for lack of methodological competencies.DiscussionFindings underlined some leverage, obstacles, and need to consider to generate a stimulation in the field, especially in countries where such research is still in its infancy.Implication for nursing, health, and education policyStrengthening the field of nursing and allied health research is essential to extend the skills of nurses and allied health workers and to improve the quality of patient care by taking into account results from the literature. The Ideas Generator tool will be implemented to sustain learning the skills of research through education and training.
Prevention of Saprolegniasis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs using oregano (Origanum onites) and laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oils
Authors: Özdemir Rahmi Can , Taştan Yiğit , Güney Kerim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present study investigated the antifungal effects of essential oils of oregano (Origanum onites) and laurel (Laurus nobilis) on Saprolegniasis, a disease that occurs in rainbow trout eggs during the incubation period. Oregano and laurel were ground after drying, and essential oils were obtained by water distillation method using a Clevenger apparatus. The essential oils were added to potato dextrose agar (PDA) at the rates of 1–1000 ppm, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as 250 ppm whereas the minimum lethal concentration (MLC) was determined to be 500 ppm for both plants. In the in vivo trials, fertilized eggs were treated with predetermined doses either by bathing during water hardening and incubation period or only during incubation period, and death rates were monitored during embryological development. The best larvae hatching rate was determined in 500 ppm oregano and 500 ppm laurel groups treated during water hardening plus daily as 82.11% and 79.87%, respectively. According to the results, it was determined that oregano and laurel essential oils exhibited better results in all doses compared with the negative control group, and 500 ppm dose had a better effect than the positive control group treated with formalin.
Household savings and subjective wellbeing: Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Fuzhong , Jiang Guohai , Gu Mengyi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the association between household savings and subjective wellbeing (SWB) using data from the China Household Finance Survey conducted in 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017. The results indicate that the association between household savings and SWB is nonlinear, showing an inverted U‐shape, which implies that there may be an optimal amount of household savings to maximize SWB. Furthermore, this study explores the heterogeneity of different groups and finds that the optimal amounts of household savings vary among subsamples in terms of region, income, age, and risk attitude. These findings have implications for consumer educators and policymakers when they help consumers to make rational saving decisions.
Predictors for lower urinary tract symptoms in patients underwent radical prostatectomy: implications for postoperative nursing care
Authors: Yilin Zeng , Fenglian Jiang , Yuanling Wu , Chunye Guo , Shuang Liu , Peizhen Liu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms in prostate cancer patients underwent radical prostatectomy, thus providing therapeutic evidence for post‐operative nursing.BackgroundProstate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed male malignancy in recent years. With surgical treatments, patients with prostate cancer indeed have satisfying survival rate. However, the presence of postprostatectomy lower urinary tract symptoms which affect quality of life significantly is more worthy of attention.DesignPatients underwent surgical therapies were followed up and the symptoms were recorded.MethodsA total of 65 prostate cancer patients underwent radical prostatectomy from January 2019 to October 2020, and pathologically diagnosed with prostate cancer were enrolled in our study. These patients were followed up 3 months after surgery and their medical records were retrospectively collected and analysed. Results were reported according to the STROBE Statement.ResultsThe incidence of post‐operative lower urinary tract symptoms at 3 months after surgery is similar to that of pre‐operation. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the independent risk factor for postprostatectomy lower urinary tract symptoms is body mass index, whereas pelvic floor muscle exercise is a protective factor.ConclusionsThe incidence of postprostatectomy lower urinary tract symptoms is non‐negligible, which significantly affects quality of life. Body mass index is found as an independent risk factor for postprostatectomy lower urinary tract symptoms, while pelvic floor muscle exercise is a strong protector.Relevance to clinical practicePatients with prostate cancer would benefit from post‐operative pelvic floor muscle exercise. These findings contribute to tailor post‐operative nursing strategy.
Effects of zinc dosage and particle size on gut morphology, tight junctions and TNF‐α expression in broiler breeder hens
Authors: Barzegar Masoud , Zaghari Mojtaba , Zhandi Mahdi , Sadeghi Mostafa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study was performed to evaluate the effects of different amounts and particle size of zinc oxide (ZnO) on villus height (VH), villus width (VW), crypt depth (CD) and VH to CD ratio (VH: CD), and expression of zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1), occludin (OC) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in broiler breeders. A total of 350 (Ross 308) broiler breeder hens of 54 weeks randomly assigned to seven treatments, included control basal diet (C) without added Zn, C+ 100, and 130 mg Zn per kg of diet from Large (L) (100–1000 nm) and Small (S) (<100 nm) particle size ZnO (LZnO100 and 130; SZnO100 and 130), C and SZnO100 challenged with lipopolysaccharide (C+LPS and SZnO100+LPS). Each diet was fed to five replicates consisting of ten birds each. The middle part of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was used for morphological assessments. To assess the gene expression of ZO‐1, OC and TNF‐α in the jejunum samples were excised. Results showed that the supplementing 130 ppm SZnO increased VH:CD in the duodenum (p < 0.05). VW in the duodenum and all the evaluated morphometric indices in jejunum and ileum were not affected by the dietary treatment (p > 0.05). ZO‐1 mRNA abundance in C+LPS group compared to SZnO100+LPS group was significantly decreased and increased by LPS and SZnO100 respectively. The SZnO‐100 increased OC gene expression in compare to C+LPS group. The expression of TNF‐α in C+LPS treatment was higher than other groups (p < 0.05). The lowest and the highest litter moisture and foot‐pad dermatitis (FPD) were observed in LZnO‐130 and C treatments respectively (p < 0.05). Improving the physical properties of ZnO affect on VH:CD. Broiler breeder diet with ZnO enhance ZO‐1, OC and mitigate TNF‐α gene expression in jejunum maintenance of gut health in broiler breeders.
The effects of earplugs and eye masks on sleep quality of patients admitted to coronary care units: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Khoddam Homeira , Maddah Seyedmahrokh A. , Rezvani Khorshidi Sommayeh , Zaman Kamkar Mohammad , Modanloo Mahnaz 
Published: September 2021

SummarySleep is an essential need for patients admitted to coronary care units. The present clinical trial aimed to determine the effect of using eye masks and earplugs on the sleep quality of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). A total of 68 eligible patients with CHD were randomly allocated into four groups of 17 (control, eye masks, earplugs, and eye masks with earplugs). All three interventions were performed during the night from 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. the next day. The outcomes were the quality of sleep, measured by the Verran and Snyder‐Halpern (VSH) Sleep Scale, and the urinary levels of nocturnal melatonin and cortisol, measured by urine samples taken during the night (from 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.). The study outcomes were measured on the third and fourth days. Sleep disturbance was statistically significantly lower in patients with earplugs (visual analogue scale mean difference [MD]: 74.31 mm, SE: 11.34, p = 0.001). Sleep effectiveness was statistically significantly higher in patients with eye mask (MD: 36.88 mm, SE: 8.75, p = 0.001). The need for sleep supplementation was statistically significantly lower in patients with eye masks (MD: 39.79 mm, SE: 7.23, p = 0.001). There was a significant difference in melatonin levels between eye masks and the control group (p = 0.03). For urinary cortisol levels, there were significant differences between eye masks and the control group (p = 0.007), earplugs and the control group (p = 0.001), and eye masks with earplugs and the control group (p = 0.006). The mean scores for comfort, effectiveness, and ease of use were highest for the group that used eye masks (2.88, 2.94, and 3.18, respectively). As a result, all three interventions improved the sleep quality of patients. However, the interventions had different effects on the three dimensions of the VSH Sleep Scale, as well as the urinary levels of cortisol and melatonin.
Genomic and functional evidence reveals convergent evolution in fishes on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Liandong , Wang Ying , Sun Ning , Chen Juan , He Shunping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHigh‐altitude environments are strong drivers of adaptive evolution in endemic organisms. However, little is known about the genetic mechanisms of convergent adaptation among different lineages, especially in fishes. There are three independent fish groups on the Tibetan Plateau: Tibetan Loaches, Schizothoracine fishes and Glyptosternoid fishes; all are well adapted to the harsh environmental conditions. They represent an excellent example of convergent evolution but with an unclear genetic basis. We used comparative genomic analyses between Tibetan fishes and fishes from low altitudes and detected genomic signatures of convergent evolution in fishes on the Tibetan Plateau. The Tibetan fishes exhibited genome‐wide accelerated evolution in comparison with a control set of fishes from low altitudes. A total of 368 positively selected genes were identified in Tibetan fishes, which were enriched in functional categories related to energy metabolism and hypoxia response. Widespread parallel amino acid substitutions were detected among the Tibetan fishes and a subset of these substitutions occurred in positively selected genes associated with high‐altitude adaptation. Functional assays suggested that von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) tumour suppressor genes from Tibetan fishes enhance hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) activity convergently under hypoxia compared to low‐altitude fishes. The results provide genomic and functional evidence supporting convergent genetic mechanisms for high‐altitude adaptation in fishes on the Tibetan Plateau.
Alternative developmental and transcriptomic responses to host plant water limitation in a butterfly metapopulation
Authors: Kahilainen Aapo , Oostra Vicencio , Somervuo Panu , Minard Guillaume , Saastamoinen Marjo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPredicting how climate change affects biotic interactions poses a challenge. Plant–insect herbivore interactions are particularly sensitive to climate change, as climate‐induced changes in plant quality cascade into the performance of insect herbivores. Whereas the immediate survival of herbivore individuals depends on plastic responses to climate change‐induced nutritional stress, long‐term population persistence via evolutionary adaptation requires genetic variation for these responses. To assess the prospects for population persistence under climate change, it is therefore crucial to characterize response mechanisms to climate change‐induced stressors, and quantify their variability in natural populations. Here, we test developmental and transcriptomic responses to water limitation‐induced host plant quality change in a Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) metapopulation. We combine nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on the plant metabolome, larval developmental assays and an RNA sequencing analysis of the larval transcriptome. We observed that responses to feeding on water‐limited plants, in which amino acids and aromatic compounds are enriched, showed marked variation within the metapopulation, with individuals of some families performing better on control and others on water‐limited plants. The transcriptomic responses were concordant with the developmental responses: families exhibiting opposite developmental responses also produced opposite transcriptomic responses (e.g. in growth‐associated transcripts). The divergent responses in both larval development and transcriptome are associated with differences between families in amino acid catabolism and storage protein production. The results reveal intrapopulation variability in plasticity, suggesting that the FinnishM.cinxiametapopulation harbours potential for buffering against drought‐induced changes in host plant quality.
Closed Reduction for the Treatment of Grade IV Supination‐External Rotation Fracture of the Ankle Joint: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Zhao Hong‐zhou , Fan Tong‐shun , Wang Shu‐li , Liu Li‐min , Liu Ming‐jun , Xing Jia‐hui 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the curative effect of closed reduction and external fixation in the treatment of grade IV supination‐external rotation fractures of the ankle joint.MethodsFifty‐six patients treated with closed reduction and external fixation from February 2016 to March 2020 were included in this retrospective study, all with sprains. After receiving nerve block anesthesia, the patient underwent closed reduction under C‐arm fluoroscopy, and the ankle joint was fixed in a dorsiflexion‐inversion position with casting and splints after the end of the fracture met the reduction standard by fluoroscopy. One week and four weeks after the reduction treatment, oblique axial and coronal MR scans of the ankle joint were performed to determine the degree of injury and healing of the inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis; anteroposterior and lateral X‐rays of the ankle joint (including the ankle acupoints) were regularly reviewed to observe the fracture alignment and healing. Combined with the images and physical examination, the patients were instructed to undergo ankle weight‐bearing rehabilitation training when they met the clinical healing standard, and at the last follow‐up, the Mazur ankle evaluation and grading system were used for evaluation. After the reduction, the images were evaluated according to the Leeds standard. The image healing of fracture was evaluated by callus growth criteria.ResultsThe follow‐up period of patients ranged from 11 to 58 months, with an average of 26.8 months. The clinical healing time was (8.51 ± 2.12) weeks. The excellent and good rating after reduction was 82.1%, and the excellent and good rating during clinical fracture healing was 73.2%, according to the Leeds imaging evaluation. According to the Mazur ankle evaluation and grading system, the excellent and good rating was 75.0%. Pairwise comparison of callus images at 4, 6 and 12 weeks showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05), suggesting callus growth at different time periods. A total of 56 patients had anterior inferior tibial fibular ligament (AITFL) injuries (grade II‐III), among which 11 patients had AITFL injuries combined with grade II injuries of the interosseous ligament (IOL) and 4 patients had AITFL injuries combined with grade III injuries of the IOL.ConclusionsMost of the patients with grade IV supination‐external rotation fracture of the ankle joint had good prognosis after closed reduction and plaster combined with splint fixation. For patients with IOL injury who had poor prognosis, open reduction and internal fixation therapy is appropriate.
A Transient Microsphere Model for Nonlinear Viscoelasticity in Dynamic Polymer Networks
Authors: Lamont Samuel , Vernerey Franck J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Viscoelastic material behavior in polymer systems largely arises from dynamic topological rearrangement at the network level. In this paper, we present a physically motivated microsphere formulation for modeling the mechanics of transient polymer networks. By following the directional statistics of chain alignment and local chain stretch, the transient microsphere model (TMM) is fully anisotropic and micro-mechanically based. Network evolution is tracked throughout deformation using a Fokker–Planck equation that incorporates the effects of bond creation and deletion at rates that are sensitive to the chain-level environment. Using published data, we demonstrate the model to capture various material responses observed in physical polymers.
The Dark Side of Modularity: How Decomposing Problems can Increase System Complexity
Authors: Topcu Taylan G. , Mukherjee Suparna , Hennig Anthony I , Szajnfarber Zoe 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Decomposition is a dominant design strategy because it enables complex problems to be broken up into loosely-coupled modules that are easier to manage and can be designed in parallel. However, contrary to widely held expectations, we show that complexity can increase substantially when natural system modules are fully decoupled from one another to support parallel design. Drawing on detailed empirical evidence from a NASA space robotics field experiment we explain how new information is introduced into the design space through three complexity addition mechanisms of the decomposition process: interface creation, functional allocation, and second order effects. These findings have important implications for how modules are selected early in the design process and how future decomposition approaches should be developed. Although it is well known that complex systems are rarely fully decomposable and that the decoupling process necessitates additional design work, the literature is predominantly focused on reordering, clustering, and/or grouping based approaches to define module boundaries within a fixed system representation. Consequently, these approaches are unable to account for the (often significant) new information that is added to the design space through the decomposition process. We contend that the observed mechanisms of complexity growth need to be better accounted for during the module selection process in order to avoid unexpected downstream costs. With this work we lay a foundation for valuing these complexity-induced impacts to performance, schedule and cost, earlier in the decomposition process.
Loss Characterization of Advanced VIGV Configurations With Adjustable Blade Geometry
Authors: Frank Roman G. , Wacker Christian , Niehuis Reinhard 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Variable inlet guide vanes (VIGV) are the main control element to adjust the flow rate of industrial centrifugal compressors by customized pre-swirl in the inlet plane of the impeller. The efficient working range of VIGVs is however restricted due to open flow separation occurring at critical stagger angles. In order to overcome the narrow limitations of current blade geometries and to enhance the operating range of the compressor, split blades consisting of a separate front and tail blade segment proved to be particularly promising in previous linear-cascade measurements. Each blade segment is thereby individually staggered. This enables a gradual flow deflection along the chord length. Secondary flow losses, however, were not considered in the previous investigations with linear cascades. To highlight the potential of the split blade concept under more application-oriented conditions including all relevant flow effects, highly resolved field measurements were conducted in the wake of annular VIGVs. Four different blade configurations, a customary reference case and three variations of the split blade with full, partial and missing sealing in the gap between the segments were assessed using five-hole probe measurements. By investigating a wide range of stagger angles, the coverage of the full low-loss working range of the VIGV could be ensured. Especially, the fully sealed split blade configuration proved its capacity to extend the efficient operational range significantly.