bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bulky Mediastinal Metastasis in Neglected Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Ferdous Jasmin , Jabin Zeenat , Akhter Papia , Begum Fatima 
Published: March 2021

Follicular carcinoma of thyroid usually behaves in an indolent manner with low metastatic potential. Distant metastases as initial presentation are rare in follicular carcinoma, especially in young patients. Blood borne metastasis is common with spread to lung, bone and other solid organs. However, metastatic mediastinal tumors are rare. Here, a neglected case of follicular carcinoma of thyroid (FTC) is reported. The patient is a 43 year old female who was referred to the Thyroid Division of NINMAS for radioiodine therapy for an inoperable metastatic FTC. She was presented with fever, shortness of breath and chest discomfort. 99mTc scan showed concentration of most of the isotope in the big metastatic mediastinal mass. Because of the sheer volume of the mass, a plan was undertaken to first reduce her tumor burden with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and then considered adjuvant therapy with radioiodine after manageable regression in size of the metastatic tumor. She had a history of thyroidectomy for FTC 14years back without radio iodine ablation. Negligence about proper management for FTC may result in poor outcome like huge mediastinal mass as in this reported case. Radioiodine therapy is usually the first line approach for functional metastasis, but in exceptional cases when the tumor size is very big, EBRT may be considered first. Radiotherapy (RT) is effective in relieving compression symptoms and may improve the quality of life in these patients.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 22(2): 141-145, Jul 2019
Unexpected Lung Metastasis After Left Hemithyroidectomy for Follicular Adenoma in a Young Adult Male: A Case Report
Authors: Akhter Papia , Ferdous Jasmine , Jabin Zeenat , Begum Fatima 
Published: March 2021

Follicular neoplasms of the thyroid gland are benign follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma. To distinguish follicular carcinoma from a follicular adenoma based on cytologic, sonographic or clinical features alone is very difficult. As follicular adenoma of the thyroid is a benign tumor usually do not metastasize. Here, a case is presented with follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) with lung metastasis which was treated as follicular adenoma four years back. Patient had left hemithyroidectomy for follicular adenoma and ignored to have regular follow up. He suddenly developed fever, chest pain and dry cough. CT scan evaluated a fairly big lung mass which eventually came out as metastatic follicular carcinoma. From this reported case, it is evident that regular checkup of patient with follicular adenoma should be ensured for early diagnosis of further transformation of adenoma to malignancy.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 22(2): 157-160, Jul 2019
Perceived Workplace Hazards and Health Problems Among the Workers of Tannery Industries
Authors: Sultana Sharmin , Faruquee MH , Yasmin Rabeya , Ahmad Sk Akhtar , Rahman Md Shafiur 
Published: March 2021

Background: Tannery is one of the key export-oriented sectors in Bangladesh and plays an important role in the country's economy. But the manufacturing process in the tannery industry is hazardous for both workers, and the environment. This study was carried out to assess the perception and understanding of the tannery workers about the hazards in their workplace and related health problems suffered by them.
Methods: lt was a cross-sectional study carried out in 25 tannery industries. A total of 200 workers who had at least one-year working experience in the studied tannery industries were included as the respondent of the study. Interviewer semi-structured questionnaire and hazard assessment checklist was used for data collection
Results: Of the total participants' majority (74%) were male and the mean age was 31.1±11.57 years. Most of the workers did not get any training related to their job and safety measures. The common hazards mentioned by the respondents were unsafe handling of chemicals (45.5%), unsafe machinery (37.0%), tanning process (24.5%), handling of machines /mater ials (23.5%) and poor housekeeping (25.5%). Other hazards as perceived by the participants were inadequate lighting , dust, noise , improper ventilation system, he at, slippery floor and inappropriate use of PPE. A majority (68.0%) of the respondents mentioned that they suffered from illnesses which were related to their work. The illnesses were skin problems (49.0%), respiratory problems (36.5%), musc uloskeletal dis orders (32.5%), eye problems (18.5%) and gastrointestinal problems ( 17.5%). The participant workers also mentio ned the lack of first aid and treatment facilities, no canteen and child's room and limited welfare facilities in their industry.
Conclusion: The workplace hazards perceived by the tannery workers revealed the real situation of the work process and the work environment, and did not differ much with the findings of the walk-through survey. The tannery workers also reported being suffered from several general and work-related diseases.
JOPSOM 2020; 39(1): 31-42
Social stigma towards nurses taking care of patients with COVID-19 in Indonesia: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Manik Marisa Junianti , Natalia Siska , Theresia Theresia 
Published: March 2021

Background: The condition of the Indonesians’ unpreparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic has caused anxiety and fear. The public’s fears of COVID-19 cases have led to a negative stigma. As part of health workers in disaster management’s main pillars in health services, nurses are most vulnerable to infection and not free from the stigma.
Objective: This study aimed to describe the social stigma against nurses taking care of patients with COVID-19 and experiencing suspected or probable or confirmed COVID-19 cases in Indonesia.
Methods: This study was a mixed-method study using a sequential explanatory design-participant selection model. The selection of respondents used the convenience sampling technique. The number of respondents in the quantitative stage was 118 respondents. For qualitative data, selected participants were respondents with a stigma score of more than 21 nurses and willing to continue the interview process. There were 11 participants in the qualitative stage. This study used the modified Stigma Scale of the Explanatory Model Interview Catalog for quantitative data and four semi-structured questions to obtain qualitative data. Quantitative data were processed in descriptive statistics, and a thematic analysis was performed to analyze the qualitative data.
Results: The highest stigma score of 118 respondents was 37, and the lowest score was zero. The stigma score had a mean of 12.28 (SD ± 7.9). The higher the score obtained leads to a higher level of stigma received. From a total of 11 participants interviewed, four main themes emerged: rejection, feeling down and afraid, sources of support, and professional vigilance.
Conclusion: The social stigma experienced by nurses comes from colleagues and society and impacts psychological distress. Support from families and colleagues strengthens nurses in facing social stigma. Nevertheless, nurses uphold the values to remain grateful and carry out professional responsibilities in taking care of patients. Nurses should be provided with psychological support and be prepared for disasters to provide excellent health services and reduce adverse mental health.
Funding: This study was funded by the University of Pelita Harapan, Indonesia (321/LPPM-UPH/VI/2020).
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Protects Against Clostridium perfringens Infection in Mice
Authors: Takehara Masaya , Kobayashi Keiko , Nagahama Masahiro 
Published: March 2021

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been reported to protect against Gram-negative bacteria by acting as a pathogen recognition receptor that senses mainly lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria. However, the role of TLR4 in Gram-positive bacterial infection is less well understood. Clostridium perfringens type A is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes gas gangrene characterized by severe myonecrosis. It was previously demonstrated that C. perfringens θ-toxin is a TLR4 agonist, but the role of TLR4 in C. perfringens infection is unclear. Here, TLR4-defective C3H/HeJ mice infected with C. perfringens showed a remarkable decrease in survival rate, an increase in viable bacterial counts, and accelerated destruction of myofibrils at the infection site compared with wild-type C3H/HeN mice. These results demonstrate that TLR4 plays an important role in the elimination of C. perfringens. Remarkable increases in levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), were observed in C. perfringens-infected C3H/HeN mice, whereas the increases were limited in C3H/HeJ mice. Generally, increased G-CSF accelerates granulopoiesis in the bone marrow and the spleen to exacerbate neutrophil production, resulting in elimination of bacteria. The number of neutrophils in the spleen was increased in C. perfringens-infected C3H/HeN mice compared with non-infected mice, while the increase was lower in C. perfringens-infected C3H/HeJ mice. Furthermore, DNA microarray analysis revealed that the mutation in TLR4 partially affects host gene expression during C. perfringens infection. Together, our results illustrate that TLR4 is crucial for the innate ability to eliminate C. perfringens.
Is Misdiagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Malaysian Children a Common Phenomenon?
Authors: Mavinkurve Meenal , Jalaludin Muhammad Yazid , Chan Elaine Wan Ling , Noordin Mazidah , Samingan Nurshadia , Leong Annie , Zaini Azriyanti Anuar 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundChildren with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) commonly present in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at initial diagnosis. This is likely due to several factors, one of which includes the propensity for T1DM to be misdiagnosed. The prevalence of misdiagnosis has been reported in non-Asian children with T1DM but not in Asian cohorts.AimTo report the rate of misdiagnosis and its associated risk factors in Malaysian children and adolescents with T1DM.MethodsA retrospective analysis of children with T1DM below 18 years of age over a 10 year period was conducted.ResultsThe cohort included 119 children (53.8% female) with a mean age 8.1 SD ± 3.9 years. 38.7% of cases were misdiagnosed, of which respiratory illnesses were the most common (37.0%) misdiagnosis. The rate of misdiagnosis remained the same over the 10 year period. Among the variables examined, younger age at presentation, DKA at presentation, healthcare professional (HCP) contact and admission to the intensive care unit were significantly different between the misdiagnosed and correctly diagnosed groups (p &lt;0.05).ConclusionMisdiagnosis of T1DM occurs more frequently in Malaysian children &lt;5 years of age. Misdiagnosed cases are at a higher risk of presenting in DKA with increased risk of ICU admission and more likely to have had prior HCP contact. Awareness of T1DM amongst healthcare professionals is crucial for early identification, prevention of DKA and reducing rates of misdiagnosis
Leveraging Single-Cell RNA-seq Data to Uncover the Association Between Cell Type and Chronic Liver Diseases
Authors: Ye Xiangyu , Wei Julong , Yue Ming , Wang Yan , Chen Hongbo , Zhang Yongfeng , Wang Yifan , Zhang Meiling , Huang Peng , Yu Rongbin 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundComponents of liver microenvironment is complex, which makes it difficult to clarify pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases (CLD). Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have greatly revealed the role of host genetic background in CLD pathogenesis and prognosis, while single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables interrogation of the cellular diversity and function of liver tissue at unprecedented resolution. Here, we made integrative analysis on the GWAS and scRNA-seq data of CLD to uncover CLD-related cell types and provide clues for understanding on the pathogenesis.MethodsWe downloaded three GWAS summary data and three scRNA-seq data on CLD. After defining the cell types for each scRNA-seq data, we used RolyPoly and LDSC-cts to integrate the GWAS and scRNA-seq. In addition, we analyzed one scRNA-seq data without association to CLD to validate the specificity of our findings.ResultsAfter processing the scRNA-seq data, we obtain about 19,002–32,200 cells and identified 10–17 cell types. For the HCC analysis, we identified the association between B cell and HCC in two datasets. RolyPoly also identified the association, when we integrated the two scRNA-seq datasets. In addition, we also identified natural killer (NK) cell as HCC-associated cell type in one dataset. In specificity analysis, we identified no significant cell type associated with HCC. As for the cirrhosis analysis, we obtained no significant related cell type.ConclusionIn this integrative analysis, we identified B cell and NK cell as HCC-related cell type. More attention and verification should be paid to them in future research.
Ignition Process and Flame Lift-Off Characteristics of dimethyl ether (DME) Reacting Spray
Authors: Cung Khanh Duc , Moiz Ahmed Abdul , Zhu Xiucheng , Lee Seong-Young 
Published: March 2021

Advanced combustion systems that utilize different combustion modes and alternative fuels have significantly improved combustion performance and emissions compared to conventional diesel or spark-ignited combustions. As an alternative fuel, dimethyl ether (DME) has been receiving much attention as it runs effectively under low-temperature combustion (LTC) modes such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and reactivity control combustion ignition (RCCI). Under compression-ignition (CI), DME can be injected as liquid fuel into a hot chamber, resulting in a diesel-like spray/combustion characteristic. With its high fuel reactivity and unique chemical formula, DME ignites easily but produces almost smokeless combustion. In the current study, DME spray combustion under several different conditions of ambient temperature (Tamb= 750–1100 K), ambient density (ρamb= 14.8–30 kg/m3), oxygen concentration (O2= 15–21%), and injection pressure (Pinj= 75–150 MPa) were studied. The results from both experiments (constant-volume combustion vessel) and numerical simulations were used to develop empirical correlations for ignition and lift-off length. Compared to diesel, the established correlation of DME shows a similar Arrhenius-type expression. Sensitivity studies show that Tamband Pinjhave a stronger effect on DME's ignition and combustion than other parameters. Finally, this study provides a simplified conceptual mechanism of DME reacting spray under high reactivity ambient (high Tamb, high O2) and LTC conditions. Finally, this paper discusses engine operating strategies using a non-conventional fuel such as DME with different reactivity and chemical properties.
Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis
Authors: Li Guangda , Li Xiaoxiao , Dong Jianjian , Han Yongsheng 
Published: March 2021

Background: Our previous study found that electroacupuncture (EA) can promote the recovery of neurological functions, reduce the volume of cerebral infarction, and protect the neurovascular unit in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. Some studies have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to ischemic stroke; however, whether EA plays a protective role by regulating ferroptosis is unknown.Objective: We aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of EA on ferroptosis in MCAO rats.Methods: We used 36 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats in this study. MCAO rats were established according to the Zea method and treated with EA at a continuous wave of 2/100 Hz and ~2–4 V for 30 min for 7 consecutive days. We analyzed the coordinated motor deficit and volume of cerebral infarction in vivo through 9.4-tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Then, the ischemic brain tissue was isolated and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and iron were determined. Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR were performed to evaluate the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), transferrin (Tf), transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1). To confirm the results, we used a transmission electron microscope to observe the mitochondrial morphology.Results: EA intervention significantly decreased the oxidative stress level and inhibited ferroptosis. EA significantly improved coordinated motor deficit (P &lt; 0.01) and decreased cerebral infarct volume (P &lt; 0.01) in the EA + MCAO group, compared with the MCAO group. EA downregulated the level of MDA (P &lt; 0.01) and total iron (P &lt; 0.01) and upregulated the level of SOD (P &lt; 0.01) and GSH (P &lt; 0.01) in the EA + MCAO group, compared with the MCAO group. EA increased the levels of GPX4 and GPX4 mRNA (P &lt; 0.01) and FTH1 and FTH1 mRNA (P &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.01), whereas it decreased the levels of Tf and Tf mRNA (P &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.01) and TfR1 and TfR1 mRNA (P &lt; 0.01) in the EA + MCAO group, compared with the MCAO group. EA also promoted the recovery of mitochondrial morphology according to the mitochondrial classification system for the ischemic cerebral tissue.Conclusion: Our results indicate that EA can inhibit ferroptosis by regulating oxidative stress and iron-related proteins, thus conferring protection against MCAO in a rat model.
Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Cognition, Mood, Pain, and Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hsu Wan-Yu , Cheng Chia-Hsiung , Zanto Theodore P. , Gazzaley Adam , Bove Riley M. 
Published: March 2021

Background: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognition, mood disturbance, pain, and fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).Methods: A literature search was performed on articles published between January 1990 and May 2020 in Pubmed, Medline, and Web of Science using the following keywords and their abbreviation in combinations: multiple sclerosis and transcranial direct current stimulation. Mean effect size (ES) and 95% confidence interval were calculated for each domain of interest.Results: Seventeen articles with a total of 383 PwMS were included in this analysis. For cognition, a strong effect size was found for the trial administering the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (ES: 1.15), whereas trials applying the Attention Network Test showed a negative effect size of −0.49. Moderate to strong effect sizes were observed for mood disturbance (mean ES: 0.92), pain (mean ES: 0.59), and fatigue (mean ES: 0.60). Further subgroup analyses for MS-related fatigue showed that both high and low intensities of stimulation lead to nearly the same degree of favorable effects. More pronounced effects were observed in studies administering the Fatigue Severity Scale compared with studies using other fatigue measures such as the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale.Conclusion: These results provide preliminary evidence that tDCS has a favorable effect on cognitive processing speed, mood disturbance, pain, and fatigue in MS. However, the effects on cognition and fatigue vary based on the specific assessment used.
Human Serum Albumin Decorated Indocyanine Green Improves Fluorescence-Guided Resection of Residual Lesions of Breast Cancer in Mice
Authors: Wang Zun , Chen Min , Liu Jing-Jing , Chen Rong-He , Yu Qian , Wang Gui-Mei , Nie Li-Ming , Huang Wen-He , Zhang Guo-Jun 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveAchieving negative resection margin is critical but challenging in breast-conserving surgery. Fluorescence-guided surgery allows the surgeon to visualize the tumor bed in real-time and to facilitate complete resection. We envisioned that intraoperative real-time fluorescence imaging with a human serum albumin decorated indocyanine green probe could enable complete surgical removal of breast cancer in a mouse model.MethodsWe prepared the probe by conjugating indocyanine green (ICG) with human serum albumin (HSA). In vitro uptake of the HSA-ICG probe was compared between human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and normal breast epithelial cell line MCF 10A. In vivo probe selectivity for tumors was examined in nude mice bearing MDA-MB-231-luc xenografts and the FVB/N-Tg (MMTV-PyMT) 634Mul/J mice model with spontaneous breast cancer. A positive-margin resection mice model bearing MDA-MB-231-luc xenograft was established and the performance of the probe in assisting surgical resection of residual lesions was examined.ResultsA significantly stronger fluorescence intensity was detected in MDA-MB-231 cells than MCF 10A cells incubated with HSA-ICG. In vivo fluorescence imaging showed that HSA-ICG had an obvious accumulation at tumor site at 24 h with tumor-to-normal tissue ratio of 8.19 ± 1.30. The same was true in the transgenic mice model. The fluorescence intensity of cancer tissues was higher than that of non-cancer tissues (58.53 ± 18.15 vs 32.88 ± 11.34). During the surgical scenarios, the residual tumors on the surgical bed were invisible with the naked eye, but were detected and resected with negative margin under HSA-ICG guidance in all the mice (8/8). Recurrence rate among mice that underwent resection with HSA-ICG (0/8) was significantly lower than the rates among mice with ICG (4/8), as well as the control group under white light (7/7).ConclusionsThis study suggests that real-time in vivo visualization of breast cancer with an HSA-ICG fluorescent probe facilitates complete surgical resection of breast cancer in a mouse xenograft model.
Identification of a Metabolism-Related Signature for the Prediction of Survival in Endometrial Cancer Patients
Authors: Fan Yuan , Li Xingchen , Tian Li , Wang Jianliu 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveEndometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecologic malignancies. The present study aims to identify a metabolism-related biosignature for EC and explore the molecular immune-related mechanisms underlying the tumorigenesis of EC.MethodsTranscriptomics and clinical data of EC were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Common differentially expressed metabolism-related genes were extracted and a risk signature was identified by using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis method. A nomogram integrating the prognostic model and the clinicopathological characteristics was established and validated by a cohort of clinical EC patients. Furthermore, the immune and stromal scores were observed and the infiltration of immune cells in EC cells was analyzed.ResultsSix genes, including CA3, HNMT, PHGDH, CD38, PSAT1, and GPI, were selected for the development of the risk prediction model. The Kaplan-Meier curve indicated that patients in the low-risk group had considerably better overall survival (OS) (P = 7.874e-05). Then a nomogram was constructed and could accurately predict the OS (AUC = 0.827, 0.821, 0.845 at 3-, 5-, and 7-year of OS). External validation with clinical patients showed that patients with low risk scores had a longer OS (p = 0.04). Immune/stromal scores and infiltrating density of six types of immune cells were lower in high-risk group.ConclusionsIn summary, our work provided six potential metabolism-related biomarkers as well as a nomogram for the prognosis of EC patients, and explored the underlying mechanism involved in the progression of EC.