bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hands-free carotid Doppler can identify spontaneous circulation without interrupting cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an animal study
Authors: Faldaas Bjørn Ove , Storm Benjamin Stage , Lappegård Knut Tore , How Ole-Jakob , Nilsen Bent Aksel , Kiss Gabriel , Skogvoll Eirik , Nielsen Erik Waage , Torp Hans , Ingul Charlotte Björk 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Identifying spontaneous circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is challenging. Current methods, which involve intermittent and time-consuming pulse checks, necessitate pauses in chest compressions. This issue is problematic in both in-hospital cardiac arrest and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest situations, where resources for identifying circulation during CPR may be limited. The fraction of chest compression plays a pivotal role in improving survival rates. To address this challenge, we evaluated a newly developed hands-free, continuous carotid Doppler system (RescueDoppler), designed to identify spontaneous circulation during chest compressions. In our study, we utilized a porcine model of cardiac arrest to investigate sequences of ventricular fibrillation, followed by defibrillation, and monitoring for the return of spontaneous circulation during chest compressions with the carotid Doppler system. We explored both manual compressions at 100 and 50 compressions per minute and mechanical compressions. To estimate the detection rate (i.e., sensitivity), we employed a logistic mixed model with animal identity as random effect.

Results
Offline analysis of Doppler color M-mode and spectral display successfully identified spontaneous circulation during chest compressions in all compression models. Spontaneous circulation was detected in 51 of 59 sequences, yielding an expected sensitivity of 98% with a 95% confidence interval of 59% to 99%.

Conclusion
The RescueDoppler, a continuous hands-free carotid Doppler system, demonstrates an expected sensitivity of 98% for identifying spontaneous circulation during both manual and mechanical chest compressions. Clinical studies are needed to further validate these findings.
The Scottish Simulation ‘KSDP’ Design Framework: a sense-making and ordered approach for building aligned simulation programmes
Authors: Oliver Nathan , Edgar Simon , Mellanby Edward , May Alistair 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Impactful learning through simulation-based education involves effective planning and design. This can be a complex process requiring educators to master a varied toolkit of analysis tools, learning methodologies, and evaluative strategies; all to ensure engagement of learners in a meaningful and impactful way. Where there is a lack of thoughtful design, simulation-based education programmes may be inefficiently deployed at best, and completely ineffective or even harmful to learning and learners at worst. This paper presents a useful sense-making framework, designed to support simulation educators in designing their learning activities in a systematic, stepwise, and learner centred way.
Ca2+ signaling in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells in blood vessel remodeling: a review
Authors: Suzuki Yoshiaki , Giles Wayne R. , Zamponi Gerald W. , Kondo Rubii , Imaizumi Yuji , Yamamura Hisao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractVascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) act together to regulate blood pressure and systemic blood flow by appropriately adjusting blood vessel diameter in response to biochemical or biomechanical stimuli. Ion channels that are expressed in these cells regulate membrane potential and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in response to such stimuli. The subsets of these ion channels involved in Ca2+ signaling often form molecular complexes with intracellular molecules via scaffolding proteins. This allows Ca2+ signaling to be tightly controlled in localized areas within the cell, resulting in a balanced vascular tone. When hypertensive stimuli are applied to blood vessels for extended periods, gene expression in these vascular cells can change dramatically. For example, alteration in ion channel expression often induces electrical remodeling that produces a depolarization of the membrane potential and elevated [Ca2+]cyt. Coupled with endothelial dysfunction blood vessels undergo functional remodeling characterized by enhanced vasoconstriction. In addition, pathological challenges to vascular cells can induce inflammatory gene products that may promote leukocyte infiltration, in part through Ca2+-dependent pathways. Macrophages accumulating in the vascular adventitia promote fibrosis through extracellular matrix turnover, and cause structural remodeling of blood vessels. This functional and structural remodeling often leads to chronic hypertension affecting not only blood vessels, but also multiple organs including the brain, kidneys, and heart, thus increasing the risk of severe cardiovascular events. In this review, we outline recent advances in multidisciplinary research concerning Ca2+ signaling in VSMCs and ECs, with an emphasis on the mechanisms underlying functional and structural vascular remodeling.
Analysis of high-temperature exposure to physical changes in Valplast®-based denture with acrylic element for human identification purpose
Authors: Apriyono Dwi Kartika , Shita Amandia Dewi Permana , Wandanti Cheija 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Identification of victims will be difficult due to exposure to high temperatures when fires occur. In some cases of fire, small pieces, such as teeth, can be detached and ignored as necessary evidence. Destroyed body parts or the number of victims in a disaster makes the identification of victims more complicated, and forensic odontology is hoped to help the identification process. In a fire disaster, it is possible that a victim used dentures. One of them is a Valplast®-based denture with an acrylic element. If a victim wearing dentures caught fire and was exposed to high-temperature flames, there may be remains of dentures that can be identified. This study aimed to determine the physical changes in Valplast®-based dentures with acrylic elements in shape, color, and weight due to high exposure temperature. In this article, Valplast®-based dentures with acrylic element samples of four groups (P1: 32–288 °C; P2: 32–319 °C; P3: 32–412 °C; P4: 32–800 °C) were observed in shape, weight, and color measurements before and after heating using an oven.

Results
The result is a change in shape and weight after heating that is shown by the results of the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests with a p-value < 0.05, that is, the results of the one-way ANOVA test show that the average color change is not significantly different (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Valplast®-based dentures with acrylic elements experience changes in shape and weight after being heated at high temperatures. So, these results can be used as a reference in the forensic identification process for burn victims who use dentures.
From apoplexy in antiquities to cerebrovascular stroke in modernity: a narrative timeline and tale
Authors: Roushdy Tamer 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Stroke is one of the commonest encountered brain and neurological disorders worldwide. Stroke management has had a major shift in the last 50 years and precisely since the discovery and approval of thrombolysis as an acute management followed by multiple trials on mechanical thrombectomy and its approval. Yet, Stroke is as old as the history of mankind. Historically stroke symptoms’ description is older than the descriptions of the Greco-Roman civilization (500 BC – 800 AD). Before Stroke, the term apoplexy was described in ancient civilizations and evidence of suffering and managing it is preserved within the mummies, inscriptions, and papyri of the Egyptian civilization, clay tablets of the Mesopotamian civilization, medical books of the Chinese civilization, and although physicians and scientists consider the Greco-Roman civilization the base for modern medicine, yet the golden age of Islam (800 – 1200 AD) might have shared more in identifying bases of stroke. The European Renaissance beginning from 1400 AD with its famous anatomists and physicians greatly contributed too to stroke localization and vascular supply.

Conclusions
As medicine and science are in a continuous chain from the past to the future through the present, the
current comprehensive review highlights the major important and documented shifts in the history of stroke over
more than 4500 years starting from ancient civilizations BC up to 2024 AD.
Minimally invasive tubular versus conventional open microsurgery of the lumbar spine for degenerative disorders
Authors: Ziga Michal , El-Garci Ahmed , Mahler Julia , Kogias Evangelos , Schlichtherle Rainer , Bozinov Oliver , Stienen Martin N. , Naseri Yashar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate patient-related variables, hospital-related variables and surgeon-related variables of minimally invasive tubular microsurgery (MITM) compared to conventional open microsurgery (COMS) in patients undergoing microsurgery for lumbar degenerative disorders (LDD).

Results
403 included patients were treated microsurgically for LDD between 09/2018 and 09/2021. Mean blood loss (44 vs. 72 ml), surgery time (76.2 vs. 85.7 min) and mean Rx-Dosis (1.1 mGy vs. 1.6 mGy) were lower in the MITM group (all p < 0.05). The Macnab criteria and VAS pain scale (VAS Leg/VAS Back) of the MITM group were better at 6 weeks as well as 1 year postoperatively (Macnab at 6W: 1.5 vs. 1.7 (p = 0.02), at 1y: 1.2 vs. 1.4 (p = 0.002); VAS Leg at 6W: 1.4 vs. 1.9 (p = 0.005), at 1y: 0.4 vs. 0.9 (p < 0.001), VAS Back at 6W 1.4 vs. 3.2 (p < 0.001), at 1y: 1.2 vs. 1.4 (p < 0.001)).

Conclusion
The patient-related variables, hospital-related variables and surgeon-related variables are equivalent or better in MITM compared to COMS. MITM showed more favourable clinical outcomes in both short- and long-term follow-up, albeit small between-group differences in our single-center study and can be considered for various microsurgical indications for LDD.
Assessment of peripheral nerve affection of the lower limbs in type 2 diabetic patients using neuromuscular ultrasound and electrodiagnostic studies
Authors: Hana Mary Fayez Francis , El Naby Mona Mansour Hasab , Saied Ola Abdulnaser Abdulaziez , Gergius Youssy Saeed Eshak 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is regarded as one of the most common microvascular sequalae of type 2 diabetes mellitus which leads to lower limb complications. Lately, the focus has shifted to early detection of diabetic neuropathy in the subclinical stage. While nerve conduction studies are considered non-invasive, sensitive and objective procedures for diagnosis of neuropathies, the missed diagnosis rate is high in early neuropathy. Recently, ultrasonography use has been regarded as an alternative method for detecting neuropathies, being an inexpensive and a more comfortable tool. The aim of this study was to define the pattern of affection of lower limb peripheral nerves in type 2 diabetic patients using neuromuscular ultrasound and to assess its utility in evaluation of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in asymptomatic diabetic patients.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 40 type 2 diabetic patients and 20 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. All patients were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination, electrodiagnostic studies and neuromuscular ultrasound. Neuromuscular ultrasound was performed for tibial, fibular and sural nerves bilaterally for all patients and controls. Nerve cross-sectional area was measured at multiple sites for each nerve.

Results
Diabetic patients had statistically significant higher mean cross-sectional area values than controls in nearly all examined sites of all nerves. Furthermore, patients with electrophysiological diabetic peripheral neuropathy (EDPN) had higher statistically significant mean sural cross-sectional area values than patients without EDPN. There were no statistically significant differences in mean cross-sectional area values between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with EDPN in all measured nerves. ROC analysis showed that sural nerve cross-sectional area cut off value of > 5 mm2 was predictive for diagnosis of EDPN.

Conclusions
Diabetic cases, even asymptomatic ones, had statistically significant higher mean cross-sectional area values than controls on neuromuscular ultrasound. In addition, patients with EDPN showed higher cross-sectional area values of lower limbs peripheral nerves. Thus, neuromuscular ultrasound could be used as a screening tool for diabetic peripheral neuropathy using sural nerve cross-sectional area measurement at the ankle even in asymptomatic diabetic patients.
Immediate effects of exercise snacking on physical fatigue, mood, and pain in elderly adults with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Aiyegbusi Ayoola Ibifubara , Kolawole Francis Oluwatosin , Oke Israel Kayode , Fawole Henrietta O. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Exercise has been reported to be beneficial in reducing pain and fatigue, as well as improving mood, in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, long bouts of exercise have been linked to an increase in fatigue and pain level in elderly adults. Currently, there are very few investigations into the immediate effects of breaking exercise into shorter and frequent bouts, otherwise known as exercise snacking on physical fatigue, mood, and pain in elderly adults with KOA. The aim of this study was to investigate the immediate impact of exercise snacking versus continuous exercise on physical fatigue, mood, and pain level in elderly adults with KOA.

Methods
This was a randomized experimental study, with 37 participants aged 60 years and above with KOA. Participants were recruited and randomly assigned into a five bouts of 2-min exercise snacking and 10-min continuous exercise groups, with the bicycle ergometer as the exercise mode. Physical fatigue, mood, and pain of participants were assessed at baseline and immediately after the exercise using Numerical Fatigue Rating Scale (NFRS), Visual Analog Mood Scale (VAMS), and Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) respectively. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of Wilcoxon Rank test, Mann–Whitney U, and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data with p value set at 0.05.

Results
There were significant differences (p < 0.001) in physical fatigue, mood, and pain between baseline and post-intervention values within groups. Between-group comparisons revealed significant reductions in physical fatigue (p < 0.001) and pain levels (p = 0.048) in the exercise snacking group compared to the continuous exercise group. However, no significant between-group differences were found for mood.

Conclusion
Exercise snacking yielded significant improvements in physical fatigue and pain in elderly with KOA. However, both exercise snacking and continuous aerobic exercise were comparable in their immediate effects on mood in elderly adults with KOA.

Trial registration
PACTR202308724795310 Registered 28th September 2023, https://www.edctp.org/pan-african-clinical-trials-registry/.
Numerical investigation of aerodynamic performance in a morphing wing with flexible leading edge using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Shi Junjie , Han Fei , Li Taorui , Liu Chao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, a numerical investigation into the sustained aerodynamic performance of a morphing wing equipped with a flexible leading edge, employing a 2-dimensional NACA0012 airfoil configuration, is conducted. The compressible governing equations of the flow are employed, simulating 2 distinct states: the airfoil without motion and the airfoil featuring a flexible leading edge with a chord length of 0.856 m, assessing various angles of attack utilizing the k-ω SST turbulence approach within Fluent software. Dynamic mesh, facilitated by a user-defined function, is utilized in Fluent software to simulate the movement of the airfoil wall at the leading edge. The study thoroughly analyzes the flow behavior concerning diverse angles of attack and deviations, evaluating their impact on aerodynamic coefficients, velocity, and pressure fields under steady-state settings. Validation of the chosen numerical approach demonstrates close alignment of the front and back coefficients with experimental settings. Outcomes from the steady-state flow simulation of the morphing wing reveal that positive deflection angles correspond to increased lift coefficients and decreased drag coefficients, with lift coefficient increases of up to 15% and drag coefficient reductions of up to 10% at specific angles. Meanwhile, the negative deflection angles have shown a decline in lift coefficients, with the drag coefficients increasing with the decrease in deflection angle. All these observations show that at the flexible leading edge, there is a considerable improvement in aerodynamic efficiency. Hence, it should find more applications in different regimes of flight.
Penalty Decomposition Methods for Second-Best Congestion Pricing Problems on Large-Scale Networks
Authors: Guo Lei , Zhou Wenxin , Wang Xiaolei , Yang Hai , Fan Tijun 
Published: December 2024

The second-best congestion pricing (SBCP) problem is one of the most challenging problems in transportation because of its two-level hierarchical structure. In spite of various intriguing attempts at solving SBCP, existing solution methods are either heuristic without a convergence guarantee or suitable for solving SBCP on small networks only. In this paper, we first reveal some convexity-based structural properties of the marginal value function reformation of SBCP, and then, by effectively exploiting these structural properties, we propose two dedicated decomposition methods for solving SBCP on large-scale networks, which are different from existing methods in that they avoid linearizing nonconvex functions. We establish the convergence of the two decomposition methods under commonly used conditions and provide the maximum number of iterations for deriving an approximate stationary solution. The computational experiments based on a collection of real road networks show that in comparison with three existing popular methods, the two proposed methods are capable of solving SBCP on larger-scale networks, and for instances that can be solved by existing methods, the two proposed methods are substantially faster. History: Accepted by Pascal Van Hentenryck, Area Editor for Computational Modeling: Methods and Analysis. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72032001, 72431007, 72131007, 72021002, and 12271161]. L. Guo was also supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai [Grant 22ZR1415900]. X. Wang was also supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and CCF-DiDi GAIA Collaborative Research Funds for Young Scholars. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0144 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0144 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Planning Bike Lanes with Data: Ridership, Congestion, and Path Selection
Authors: Liu Sheng , Siddiq Auyon , Zhang Jingwei 
Published: December 2024

Urban infrastructure is vital for sustainable cities. In recent years, municipal governments have invested heavily in the expansion of bike lane networks to meet growing demand, promote ridership, and reduce emissions. However, reallocating road capacity to cycling is often contentious because of the risk of amplifying traffic congestion. In this paper, we develop a method for planning bike lanes that accounts for ridership and congestion effects. We first present a procedure for estimating parameters of a traffic equilibrium model, which combines an inverse optimization method for predicting driving times with an instrumental variables method for estimating a commuter mode choice model. We then formulate a prescriptive model that selects paths in a road network for bike lane installation while endogenizing cycling demand and driving travel times. We conduct an empirical study on the City of Chicago that brings together several data sets that describe the urban environment—including the road and bike lane networks, vehicle flows, commuter mode choices, bike share trips, driving and cycling routes, demographic features, and points of interest—with the goal of estimating the impact of expanding Chicago’s bike lane network. We estimate that adding 25 miles of bike lanes as prescribed by our model can lift cycling ridership from 3.6% to 6.1%, with at most a 9.4% increase in driving times. We also find that three intuitive heuristics for bike lane planning can lead to lower ridership and worse congestion outcomes, highlighting the value of a holistic and data-driven approach to urban infrastructure planning. This paper was accepted by Karan Girotra, operations management. Funding: Funding: The authors acknowledge funding from the UCLA Anderson Easton Technology Management Center (Siddiq & Zhang) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Grant RGPIN-2022-04950] and TD-MDAL Research Grant from the Rotman School of Management (Liu). Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00775 .
Causal Relationship between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Jiang Ziqing , Li Guanhong , Zeng Siying , Li Jingjun , Li Yongchun , Lin Jintao , Fan Qin 
Published: December 2024

Aims/Background Despite the exponential increase in the incidence rate of Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), effective therapies for the disorder are still limited. According to vast clinical observations, the pathogeneses of ASD and Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) share a great deal of similarities. This serves as a prompt to investigate, in this study, whether patients with ADHD are at a higher risk for ASD, which is significant for disease prevention. Methods Data concerning ADHD as the exposure variable and ASD as the outcome variable were collected from the publicly available Integrative Epidemiology Unit Open GWAS project (IEU GWAS) database. After screening the instrumental variables (IVs), statistical analysis was performed using the TwoSampleMR package of version R4.3.1, and sensitivity testing was conducted to evaluate the stability and reliability of the results. Results After screening the Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through the calculation of F-value and Mendelian randomization (MR) Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier test (MR-PRESSO), seven SNPs that satisfied the three major assumptions of Mendelian randomization were selected as IVs and could be used in place of ADHD in exploring the aforementioned causal relationship. The Odds ratio (OR) for the random-effect Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was 1.31 (95% Confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–1.52; p = 0.0001). A similar trend was observed for the Weighted median estimator (WME) method, with an OR of 1.37 (wider 95% CI: 1.15–1.64; p = 0.0005). Conclusion This study includes the pooled data on ADHD and ASD from the IEU GWAS public database, and there is sufficient evidence that patients with ADHD have a higher risk of ASD.