bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE CONGRESS SYSTEM AND THE FRENCH INVASION OF ALGIERS, 1827–1830
Authors: DE LANGE ERIK 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Congress system that arose in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars facilitated European imperial expansionism throughout the nineteenth century. Yet, the ties between that system and expansionism have rarely been unwound and studied in detail. Taking the French invasion of Algiers in 1830 as a case in point, this article shows how the Congress system's shared discourses of security and threat perceptions as well as its common practices of concerted diplomacy fostered European imperialism in North Africa. The article emphasizes obscured continuities and understudied multilateral diplomatic efforts. It uncovers the ways in which the post-1815 system decisively shaped the aims, justifications, and execution of the French war against Algiers. European, North African, and Ottoman actors each furthered or contested the idea that the invasion was part of an international legacy dating back to the Congress of Vienna, related to the concerted repression of North African ‘Barbary piracy’. In bringing these connections to light, it becomes apparent that the post-1815 international system cannot be understood in isolation from nineteenth-century imperialism.
Psychosocial and medical predictors of 14-year mortality and morbidity in male and female coronary artery bypass graft recipients: a prospective observational study
Authors: Linden Wolfgang , Young Sandra , Ignaszewski Andrew , Campbell Tavis 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPsychosocial factors may influence mortality and morbidity after coronary bypass surgery (CABG), but it is unclear when, post-surgery, they best predict the outcome, if they interact, or whether results differ for men and women.MethodsThis prospective, observational study assessed depression symptoms, social support, marital status, household responsibility, functional impairment, mortality and need for further coronary procedures over 14 years of follow-up. Data were collected in-hospital post-CABG and at home 1-year later. Mortality and subsequent cardiac procedure data were extracted from a Cardiac Registry.ResultsOf 296 baseline participants, 78% (43% were women) completed data at 1-year post-CABG. Long-term survival was shorter with 1-year depression and lower household responsibility but that was not true for the measures taken at baseline [HR for depression = 1.27; 95% CI 1.02–1.59 v. 0.99 (0.78–1.25), and HR = 0.71; 95% CI 0.52–0.97 v. 0.97 (0.80–1.16)] for household responsibility. An interaction between depression symptoms and social support at year 1 [χ2 (11) = 111.05, p < 0.001] revealed a greater hazard of mortality d with increased depression only at mean (HR = 1.67; 95% CI 1.21–2.26) and high social support (HR = 2.23; 95% CI 1.46–3.40). Depression also accounted for increased event recurrence. There were no significant interactions of sex with medical long-term outcomes.ConclusionsIn a sex-balanced sample, depression and household responsibility measured at 1-year post-CABG were associated with significant variance in unadjusted and adjusted predictor models of long-term mortality whereas the same indices determined right after the procedure were not significant predictors.
Seasonal shift in epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus infection in Japan
Authors: Miyama Takeshi , Iritani Nobuhiro , Nishio Takayuki , Ukai Tomohiko , Satsuki Yuka , Miyata Hiromi , Shintani Ayumi , Hiroi Satoshi , Motomura Kazushi , Kobayashi Kazuo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In Japan, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection generally has occurred during autumn and winter. However, a possible change in the seasonal trend of RSV infection has been observed recently. The current study was conducted to determine whether the epidemic season of RSV infection in Japan has indeed changed significantly. We used expectation-based Poisson scan statistics to detect periods with high weekly reported RSV cases (epidemic cluster), and the epidemic clusters were detected between September and December in the 2012–2016 seasons while those were detected between July and October in the 2017–2019 seasons. Non-linear and linear ordinary least squares regression models were built to evaluate whether there is a difference in year trend in the epidemic seasonality, and the epidemic season was shifted to earlier in the year in 2017–2019 compared to that in 2012–2016. Although the reason for the shift is unclear, this information may help in clinical practice and public health.
A waveform design method for frequency diverse array systems based on diversity linear chirp waveforms
Authors: Wang Zhonghan , Song Yaoliang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA frequency diverse array (FDA) radar has attracted wide attention, due to its capability to provide a range-angle dependent beampattern and to scan the spatial without phase shifters or rotating arrays. However, FDA systems will suffer from low echo signal energy or high sidelobe peaks when detecting targets by beamforming based on existing receivers. To reduce the sidelobe peak of detection results while increasing the echo signal energy, in this paper, we propose an FDA radar system based on diversity linear frequency modulation waveforms. Correspondingly, we propose a receiver architecture with a time-variant beamforming chain. The proposed system retains the ability of the FDA system to automatically spatial beam scanning, owing to the frequency increment across elements. By increasing the pulse duration of transmitted signals, we enhance the echo signal energy. By applying the artificial bee colony algorithm to design the bandwidth of each chirp signal, the proposed system reduces the sidelobe level of detection results while increasing pulse width. Numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
High-gain and broadband SIW cavity-backed slots antenna for X-band applications
Authors: El khamlichi Dahbi , Amar Touhami Naima , Elhamadi Tajeddin , Ali Ennasar Mohammed 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSubstrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology has recently drawn attention to its benefits in the microwave field, such as integration in planar microwave circuits, low manufacturing cost, and high-quality factor compared to other technologies. In this paper, a broadband and high gain SIW cavity-backed L-shaped slot antenna structure has been designed and made for X-band applications. Three pairs of L-shaped half-wave resonators are placed on the lower wall of the cavity (backed-slots) to further expand bandwidth and improve gain. The final antenna designed operates on a band ranging from 9.4 to 10.5 GHz with a bandwidth of 11%. Moreover, the gain reaches a value of 9.5 dBi. The final antenna is realized on a Rogers RT/Duroid 5870 substrate. The gain, the reflection coefficient, and the radiation patterns are measured and compared to the EM simulation results and a very good agreement is obtained. The proposed cavity-backed L-shaped slot antenna gives a good compromise between a high gain and a large bandwidth.
CME Magnetic Structure and IMF Preconditioning Affecting SEP Transport
Authors: Palmerio Erika , Kilpua Emilia K. J. , Witasse Olivier , Barnes David , Sánchez‐Cano Beatriz , Weiss Andreas J. , Nieves‐Chinchilla Teresa , Möstl Christian , Jian Lan K. , Mierla Marilena , Zhukov Andrei N. , Guo Jingnan , Rodriguez Luciano , Lowrance Patrick J. , Isavnin Alexey , Turc Lucile , Futaana Yoshifumi , Holmström Mats 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCoronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar energetic particles (SEPs) are two phenomena that can cause severe space weather effects throughout the heliosphere. The evolution of CMEs, especially in terms of their magnetic structure, and the configuration of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) that influences the transport of SEPs are currently areas of active research. These two aspects are not necessarily independent of each other, especially during solar maximum when multiple eruptive events can occur close in time. Accordingly, we present the analysis of a CME that erupted on May 11, 2012 (SOL2012‐05‐11) and an SEP event following an eruption that took place on May 17, 2012 (SOL2012‐05‐17). After observing the May 11 CME using remote‐sensing data from three viewpoints, we evaluate its propagation through interplanetary space using several models. Then, we analyze in‐situ measurements from five predicted impact locations (Venus, Earth, the Spitzer Space Telescope, the Mars Science Laboratory en route to Mars, and Mars) in order to search for CME signatures. We find that all in‐situ locations detect signatures of an SEP event, which we trace back to the May 17 eruption. These findings suggest that the May 11 CME provided a direct magnetic connectivity for the efficient transport of SEPs. We discuss the space weather implications of CME evolution, regarding in particular its magnetic structure, and CME‐driven IMF preconditioning that facilitates SEP transport. Finally, this work remarks the importance of using data from multiple spacecraft, even those that do not include space weather research as their primary objective.
Sulfur bacteria promote dissolution of authigenic carbonates at marine methane seeps
Authors: Leprich Dalton J , Flood Beverly E , Schroedl Peter R , Ricci Elizabeth , Marlow Jeffery J , Girguis Peter R , Bailey Jake V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Carbonate rocks at marine methane seeps are commonly colonized by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria that co-occur with etch pits that suggest active dissolution. We show that sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are abundant on the surface of an exemplar seep carbonate collected from Del Mar East Methane Seep Field, USA. We then used bioreactors containing aragonite mineral coupons that simulate certain seep conditions to investigate plausible in situ rates of carbonate dissolution associated with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Bioreactors inoculated with a sulfur-oxidizing bacterial strain, Celeribacter baekdonensis LH4, growing on aragonite coupons induced dissolution rates in sulfidic, heterotrophic, and abiotic conditions of 1773.97 (±324.35), 152.81 (±123.27), and 272.99 (±249.96) μmol CaCO3 • cm−2 • yr−1, respectively. Steep gradients in pH were also measured within carbonate-attached biofilms using pH-sensitive fluorophores. Together, these results show that the production of acidic microenvironments in biofilms of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are capable of dissolving carbonate rocks, even under well-buffered marine conditions. Our results support the hypothesis that authigenic carbonate rock dissolution driven by lithotrophic sulfur-oxidation constitutes a previously unknown carbon flux from the rock reservoir to the ocean and atmosphere.
Early identification of postpartum depression using demographic, clinical, and digital phenotyping
Authors: Hahn Lisa , Eickhoff Simon B. , Habel Ute , Stickeler Elmar , Schnakenberg Patricia , Goecke Tamme W. , Stickel Susanne , Franz Matthias , Dukart Juergen , Chechko Natalia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPostpartum depression (PPD) and adjustment disorder (AD) affect up to 25% of women after childbirth. However, there are no accurate screening tools for either disorder to identify at-risk mothers and enable them to benefit from early intervention. Combinations of anamnestic, clinical, and remote assessments were evaluated for an early and accurate identification of PPD and AD. Two cohorts of mothers giving birth were included in the study (N = 308 and N = 193). At baseline, participants underwent a detailed sociodemographic-anamnestic and clinical interview. Remote assessments were collected over 12 weeks comprising mood and stress levels as well as depression and attachment scores. At 12 weeks postpartum, an experienced clinician assigned the participants to three distinct groups: women with PPD, women with AD, and healthy controls (HC). Combinations of these assessments were assessed for an early an accurate detection of PPD and AD in the first cohort and, after pre-registration, validated in a prospective second cohort. Combinations of postnatal depression, attachment (for AD) and mood scores at week 3 achieved balanced accuracies of 93 and 79% for differentiation of PPD and AD from HC in the validation cohort and balanced accuracies of 87 and 91% in the first cohort. Differentiation between AD and PPD, with a balanced accuracy of 73% was possible at week 6 based on mood levels only with a balanced accuracy of 73% in the validation cohort and a balanced accuracy of 76% in the first cohort. Combinations of in clinic and remote self-assessments allow for early and accurate detection of PPD and AD as early as three weeks postpartum, enabling early intervention to the benefit of both mothers and children.
Withaferin A alleviates fulminant hepatitis by targeting macrophage and NLRP3
Authors: Xia Yangliu , Wang Ping , Yan Nana , Gonzalez Frank J. , Yan Tingting 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFulminant hepatitis (FH) is an incurable clinical syndrome where novel therapeutics are warranted. Withaferin A (WA), isolated from herbWithania Somnifera, is a hepatoprotective agent. Whether and how WA improves D-galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced FH is unknown. This study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective role and mechanism of WA in GalN/LPS-induced FH. To determine the preventive and therapeutic effects of WA, wild-type mice were dosed with WA 0.5 h before or 2 h after GalN treatment, followed by LPS 30 min later, and then killed 6 h after LPS treatment. To explore the mechanism of the protective effect, the macrophage scavenger clodronate, autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, or gene knockout mouse lines NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (Nlrp3)-null, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-null, liver-specific AMP-activated protein kinase (Ampk)a1knockout (Ampka1ΔHep) and liver-specific inhibitor of KB kinase β (Ikkb) knockout (IkkbΔHep) mice were subjected to GalN/LPS-induced FH. In wild-type mice, WA potently prevented GalN/LPS-induced FH and inhibited hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and upregulated NRF2 and autophagy signaling. Studies withNrf2-null,Ampka1ΔHep, andIkkbΔHepmice demonstrated that the hepatoprotective effect was independent of NRF2, hepatic AMPKα1, and IκκB. Similarly, 3-methyladenine cotreatment failed to abolish the hepatoprotective effect of WA. The hepatoprotective effect of WA against GalN/LPS-induced FH was abolished after macrophage depletion, and partially reduced inNlrp3-null mice. Consistently, WA alleviated LPS-induced inflammation partially dependent on the presence of NLRP3 in primary macrophage in vitro. Notably, WA potently and therapeutically attenuated GalN/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity. In conclusion, WA improves GalN/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity by targeting macrophage partially dependent on NLRP3 antagonism, while largely independent of NRF2 signaling, autophagy induction, and hepatic AMPKα1 and IκκB. These results support the concept of treating FH by pharmacologically targeting macrophage and suggest that WA has the potential to be repurposed for clinically treating FH as an immunoregulator.
Akt kinase LANCL2 functions as a key driver in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis
Authors: Lou Yuqing , Xu Jianlin , Zhang Yanwei , Zhang Wei , Zhang Xueyan , Gu Ping , Zhong Hua , Wang Huimin , Lu Jun , Han Baohui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a key oncogene in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors is a major obstacle for EGFR-mutant LUAD patients. Our gene chip array, quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation, and shRNA-based high-content screening identified the Akt kinase lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 2 (LANCL2) as a pro-proliferative gene in the EGFR-mutant LUAD cell line PC9. Therefore, we investigated whether LANCL2 plays a role in promoting cell proliferation and drug resistance in EGFR-mutant LUAD. In silico clinical correlation analysis using the Cancer Genome Atlas Lung Adenocarcinoma dataset revealed a positive correlation between LANCL2 and EGFR expression and an inverse relationship between LANCL2 gain-of-function and survival in LUAD patients. The EGFR-mutant LUAD cell lines PC9 and HCC827 displayed higher LANCL2 expression than the non-EGFR-mutant cell line A549. In addition, LANCL2 was downregulated following gefitinib+pemetrexed combination therapy in PC9 cells. LANCL2 knockdown reduced proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in PC9, HCC827, and A549 cells in vitro and suppressed murine PC9 xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Notably, LANCL2 overexpression rescued these effects and promoted gefitinib + pemetrexed resistance in PC9 and HCC827 cells. Pathway analysis and co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry of differentially-expressed genes in LANCL2 knockdown cells revealed enrichment of several cancer signaling pathways. In addition, Filamin A and glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 were identified as two novel protein interactors of LANCL2. In conclusion, LANCL2 promotes tumorigenic proliferation, suppresses apoptosis, and promotes gefitinib+pemetrexed resistance in EGFR-mutant LUAD cells. Based on the positive association between LANCL2, EGFR, and downstream Akt signaling, LANCL2 may be a promising new therapeutic target for EGFR-mutant LUAD.
Increase in searches for erectile dysfunction during winter: seasonal variation evidence from Google Trends in the United States
Authors: Garijo Belén Mora , Katz Jonathan E. , Greer Aubrey , Gonzalgo Mia , López Alejandro García , Deane Leslie , Ramasamy Ranjith 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeveral diseases associated with erectile dysfunction (ED), such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD), are known to have seasonal variation, with increased incidence during winter months. However, no literature exists on whether this chronological-seasonal evolution is also present within ED symptomatology. We hypothesized ED would follow the seasonal pattern of its lifestyle-influenced comorbid conditions and exhibit increased incidence during winter months. In order to investigate the seasonal variation of ED in the United States between 2009 and 2019, Internet search query data were obtained using Google Trends. Normalized search volume was determined during the winter and summer seasons for ED, other diseases known to be significantly associated with ED (T2DM and CAD), kidney stones (positive control), and prostate cancer (negative control). There were significantly more internet search queries for ED during the winter than during the summer (p = 0.001). CAD and T2DM also had significantly increased search volume during winter months compared to summer months (p < 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively). By contrast, searches for kidney stones were significantly increased in the summer than in the winter (p < 0.001). There was no significant seasonal variation in the relative search frequency for prostate cancer (p = 0.75). In conclusion, Google Trends internet search data across a ten-year period in the United States suggested a seasonal variation in ED, which implies an increase in ED during winter. This novel finding in ED epidemiology may help increase awareness of ED’s associated lifestyle risk factors, which may facilitate early medical evaluation and treatment for those at risk of both ED and cardiovascular disease.
Molecular cannibalism: Sacrificial materials as precursors for hollow and multidomain single crystals
Authors: di Gregorio Maria Chiara , Elsousou Merna , Wen Qiang , Shimon Linda J. W. , Brumfeld Vlad , Houben Lothar , Lahav Michal , van der Boom Milko E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe coexistence of single-crystallinity with a multidomain morphology is a paradoxical phenomenon occurring in biomineralization. Translating such feature to synthetic materials is a highly challenging process in crystal engineering. We demonstrate the formation of metallo-organic single-crystals with a unique appearance: six-connected half-rods forming a hexagonal-like tube. These uniform objects are formed from unstable, monodomain crystals. The monodomain crystals dissolve from the inner regions, while material is anisotropically added to their shell, resulting in hollow, single-crystals. Regardless of the different morphologies and growth mechanism, the crystallographic structures of the mono- and multidomain crystals are nearly identical. The chiral crystals are formed from achiral components, and belong to a rare space group (P622). Sonication of the solvents generating radical species is essential for forming the multidomain single-crystals. This process reduces the concentration of the active metal salt. Our approach offers opportunities to generate a new class of crystals.
Active methanogenesis during the melting of Marinoan snowball Earth
Authors: Zhao Zhouqiao , Shen Bing , Zhu Jian-Ming , Lang Xianguo , Wu Guangliang , Tan Decan , Pei Haoxiang , Huang Tianzheng , Ning Meng , Ma Haoran 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGeological evidence indicates that the deglaciation of Marinoan snowball Earth ice age (~635 Myr ago) was associated with intense continental weathering, recovery of primary productivity, transient marine euxinia, and potentially extensive CH4 emission. It is proposed that the deglacial CH4 emissions may have provided positive feedbacks for ice melting and global warming. However, the origin of CH4 remains unclear. Here we report Ni isotopes (δ60Ni) and Yttrium-rare earth element (YREE) compositions of syndepositional pyrites from the upper most Nantuo Formation (equivalent deposits of the Marinoan glaciation), South China. The Nantuo pyrite displays anti-correlations between Ni concentration and δ60Ni, and between Ni concentration and Sm/Yb ratio, suggesting mixing between Ni in seawater and Ni from methanogens. Our study indicates active methanogenesis during the termination of Marinoan snowball Earth. This suggests that methanogenesis was fueled by methyl sulfides produced in sulfidic seawater during the deglacial recovery of marine primary productivity.
Production of germ-free mosquitoes via transient colonisation allows stage-specific investigation of host–microbiota interactions
Authors: Romoli Ottavia , Schönbeck Johan Claes , Hapfelmeier Siegfried , Gendrin Mathilde 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe mosquito microbiota impacts the physiology of its host and is essential for normal larval development, thereby influencing transmission of vector-borne pathogens. Germ-free mosquitoes generated with current methods show larval stunting and developmental deficits. Therefore, functional studies of the mosquito microbiota have so far mostly been limited to antibiotic treatments of emerging adults. In this study, we introduce a method to produce germ-free Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. It is based on reversible colonisation with bacteria genetically modified to allow complete decolonisation at any developmental stage. We show that, unlike germ-free mosquitoes previously produced using sterile diets, reversibly colonised mosquitoes show no developmental retardation and reach the same size as control adults. This allows us to uncouple the study of the microbiota in larvae and adults. In adults, we detect no impact of bacterial colonisation on mosquito fecundity or longevity. In larvae, data from our transcriptome analysis and diet supplementation experiments following decolonisation suggest that bacteria support larval development by contributing to folate biosynthesis and by enhancing energy storage. Our study establishes a tool to study the microbiota in insects and deepens our knowledge on the metabolic contribution of bacteria to mosquito development.