bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On‐treatment gamma‐glutamyl transferase predicts the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Huang Chung‐Feng , Jang Tyng‐Yuan , Jun Dae Won , Ahn Sang Bong , An Jihyun , Enomoto Masaru , Takahashi Hirokazu , Ogawa Eiichi , Yoon Eileen , Jeong Soung Won , Shim Jae‐Jun , Jeong Jae Yoon , Kim Sung Eun , Oh Hyunwoo , Kim Hyoung Su , Cho Yong Kyun , Kozuka Ritsuzo , Inoue Kaori , Cheung Ka Shing , Mak Lung Yi , Huang Jee‐Fu , Dai Chia‐Yen , Yuen Man‐Fung , Nguyen Mindie H. , Yu Ming‐Lung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsGamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) has been predictive of chronic hepatitis C‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Its role in the risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with nucleotide/nucleoside analogues (NAs) is elusive.MethodsA total of 2172 CHB patients from East Asia were randomized into development and validation groups in a 1:2 ratio. Serum GGT levels before and 6 months (M6) after initiating NAs and the potential risk factors were measured. The primary endpoint was HCC development 12 months after NA initiation.ResultsThe annual incidence of HCC was 1.4/100 person‐years in a follow‐up period of 11 370.7 person‐years. The strongest factor associated with HCC development was high M6‐GGT levels (>25 U/L; hazard ratio [HR]/95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.31/2.02‐5.42, P < .001), followed by cirrhosis (HR/CI: 2.06/1.39‐3.06, P < .001), male sex (HR/CI: 2.01/1.29‐3.13, P = .002) and age (HR/CI: 1.05/1.03‐1.17, P < .001). Among cirrhotic patients, the incidence of HCC did not differ between those with high or low M6‐GGT levels (P = .09). In contrast, among non‐cirrhotic patients, the incidence of HCC was significantly higher for those with M6‐GGT level >25 U/L than for their counterparts (P < .001). Cox regression analysis revealed that the strongest factor associated with HCC development in non‐cirrhotic patients was high M6‐GGT levels (HR/CI: 5.05/2.52‐10.16, P < .001), followed by age (HR/CI: 1.07/1.04‐1.09, P < .001). Non‐cirrhotic elderly patients with high M6‐GGT levels had a similarly high HCC risk as cirrhotic patients did (P = .29).ConclusionsOn‐treatment serum GGT levels strongly predicted HCC development in CHB patients, particularly non‐cirrhotic patients, treated with NAs.
uORF‐mediated riboregulation controls transcription of whiB7/wblC antibiotic resistance gene
Authors: Lee Ju‐Hyung , Lee Eun‐Jin , Roe Jung‐Hye 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhiB7/WblC is a transcriptional factor of actinomycetes conferring intrinsic resistance to multiple translation‐inhibitory antibiotics. It positively autoregulates its own transcription in response to the same antibiotics. The presence of a uORF and a potential Rho‐independent transcription terminator in the 5′ leader region has suggested a possibility that the whiB7/wblC gene is regulated via a uORF‐mediated transcription attenuation. However, experimental evidence for the molecular mechanism to explain how antibiotic stress suppresses the attenuator, if any, and induces transcription of the whiB7/wblC gene has been lacking. Here we report that the 5′ leader sequences of the whiB7/wblC genes in sub‐clades of actinomycetes include conserved antiterminator RNA structures. We confirmed that the putative antiterminator in the whiB7/wblC leader sequences of both Streptomyces and Mycobacterium indeed suppresses Rho‐independent transcription terminator and facilitates transcription readthrough, which is required for WhiB7/WblC‐mediated antibiotic resistance. The antibiotic‐mediated suppression of the attenuator can be recapitulated by amino acid starvation, indicating that translational inhibition of uORF by multiple signals is a key to induce whiB7/wblC expression. Our findings of a mechanism leading to intrinsic antibiotic resistance could provide an alternative to treat drug‐resistant mycobacteria.
Exploring nurses’ online perspectives and social networks during a global pandemic COVID‐19
Authors: O'Leary Lisa , Erikainen Sonja , Peltonen Laura‐Maria , Ahmed Wasim , Thelwall Mike , O'Connor Siobhan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesExamine the online interactions, social networks, and perspectives of nursing actors on COVID‐19 from conversations on Twitter to understand how the profession responded to this global pandemic.DesignMixed methods.SampleTen‐thousand five‐hundred and seventy‐four tweets by 2790 individuals and organizations.MeasurementsNodeXL software was used for social network analysis to produce a network visualization. The betweenness centrality algorithm identified key users who were influential in COVID‐19 related conversations on Twitter. Inductive content analysis enabled exploration of tweet content. A communicative figurations framework guided the study.ResultsNursing actors formed different social groupings, and communicated with one another across groups. Tweets covered four themes; (1) outbreak and clinical management of the infectious disease, (2) education and information sharing, (3) social, economic, and political context, and (4) working together and supporting each other.ConclusionIn addition to spreading knowledge, nurses tried to reach out through social media to political and healthcare leaders to advocate for improvements needed to address COVID‐19. However, they primarily conversed within their own professional community. Action is needed to better understand how social media is and can be used by nurses for health communication, and to improve their preparedness to be influential on social media beyond the nursing community.
Norwegian fathers’ experiences with a home visiting program
Authors: Solberg Beate , Glavin Kari , Berg Rigmor C. , Olsvold Nina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore fathers’ experiences with a Norwegian home visiting program during the prenatal period and the first‐year postpartum.DesignQualitative design with interpretive description (ID) as the methodological approach.SampleIndividual interviews with fathers (n = 13) who received home visits by a public health nurse (PHN) within the New Families home visiting program.MeasuresInterviews were guided by a semi‐structured interview‐guide, which contained open‐ended questions encouraging informants to reflect on their experiences with home visits. The analysis of the data was informed by content analysis.ResultsTwo main themes that reflect the fathers’ experiences emerged: (1) The importance of being on their home ground captures the fathers’ experience of receiving home visits and building a trusting relationship with the PHN. (2) Including fathers in the home visit represents their thoughts about the content and focus of the home visits.ConclusionsFathers experienced the universal New Families home visiting program as an important contribution towards a more available and tailored service, with the home environment as a suitable arena for developing a trusting relationship with the PHN. However, the fathers often felt insufficiently included in the home visits, with only scant attention towards them as independent caregivers, their emotional reactions, roles, and family relationships. Pre‐birth home visits might contribute to strengthening preparations for fatherhood and increase fathers’ engagement in the Child Health Service.
Sustained nurse home‐visiting with culturally and linguistically diverse families: Australian nurses’ perspectives
Authors: Bonakdar Tehrani Mehrnoush , Kemp Lynn , Baird Kelly 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Australia, sustained nurse home‐visiting (SNHV) programs are designed and implemented to promote positive outcomes for mothers with young children experiencing complex life challenges. Despite the crucial role of trained public health nurses, there is a dearth of research about their experiences delivering these programs to culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) families with limited English proficiency (LEP).AimThis study aimed to explore the experiences of public health nurses in providing services to CALD families with LEP.MethodTwo focus groups were conducted with 13 public health nurses in two major local health districts in Sydney. The focus groups were audio recorded for transcription purposes, and thematically analyzed. A socioecological framework was applied during the analysis process.ResultFive major themes were identified: (1) program issues; (2) service system issues in understanding and responding to diverse women; (3) issues working with interpreters; (4) trusting relationships; and (5) mother‐related facilitators.DiscussionTo achieve better access and engagement for CALD families, it is crucial that public health nurses increase their knowledge and awareness about potential challenges, such as female interpreter availability, and facilitators, such as engaging the broader family, in order to effectively deliver healthcare services to diverse populations.
The Gradual Normalization of Behaviors Which Might Challenge Ethical and Professional Standards in Two British Elite Sports Organizations
Authors: Feddersen Niels Boysen , Phelan Simon Edward 
Published: October 2021

We examined how two elite British sports organizations began accepting behaviors that might challenge ethical and professional standards. The data for the current paper came from two separate ethnographic studies. We used Alvesson and Einola’s Functional Stupidity to analyze the data for processes of a lack of reflexivity, lack of justification, and a lack of substantial reasoning presented in three vignettes for each case organization. We then carried out a cross-case analysis and showed that periods of significant change are high risk for the spread of unethical and unprofessional behaviors. The common rationales for accepting such behaviors were (a) you have not spent time in the trenches, (b) it has always been like this, (c) policing space, (d) I am just doing my job, and (e) giving opportunities to those close to me. Our findings suggest a sense of banality to wrongdoing where normal people slipped into ethical problem areas.
Stable Model Semantics for Guarded Existential Rules and Description Logics: Decidability and Complexity
Authors: Gottlob Georg , Hernich André , Kupke Clemens , Lukasiewicz Thomas 
Published: October 2021

This work investigates the decidability and complexity of database query answering under guarded existential rules with nonmonotonic negation according to the classical stable model semantics. In this setting, existential quantification is interpreted via Skolem functions, and the unique name assumption is adopted. As a first result, we show the decidability of answering first-order queries based on such rules by a translation into the satisfiability problem for guarded second-order formulas having the tree-model property. To obtain precise complexity results for unions of conjunctive queries, we transform the original problem in polynomial time into an intermediate problem that is easier to analyze: query answering for guarded disjunctive existential rules with stratified negation. We obtain precise bounds for the general setting and for various restricted settings. We also consider extensions of the original formalism with negative constraints, keys, and the possibility of negated atoms in queries. Finally, we show how the above results can be used to provide decidability and complexity results for a natural adaptation of the stable model semantics to description logics such as
ELHI
and the
DL-Lite
family.
Network Embedding via Motifs
Authors: Shao Ping , Yang Yang , Xu Shengyao , Wang Chunping 
Published: October 2021

Network embedding has emerged as an effective way to deal with downstream tasks, such as node classification [
16
,
31
,
42
]. Most existing methods leverage multi-similarities between nodes such as
connectivity,
which considers vertices that are closely connected to be similar and
structural similarity,
which is measured by assessing their relations to neighbors; while these methods only focus on static graphs. In this work, we bridge connectivity and structural similarity in a uniform representation via motifs, and consequently present an algorithm for Learning Embeddings by leveraging Motifs Of Networks (LEMON), which aims to learn embeddings for vertices and various motifs. Moreover, LEMON is inherently capable of dealing with inductive learning tasks for dynamic graphs. To validate the effectiveness and efficiency, we conduct various experiments on two real-world datasets and five public datasets from diverse domains. Through comparison with state-of-the-art baseline models, we find that LEMON achieves significant improvements in downstream tasks. We release our code on Github at https://github.com/larry2020626/LEMON.
Approaches to Repair of Penetrating Injuries of the Proximal, Mid, and Distal Esophagus
Authors: Castater Christine , Nguyen Jonathan , Perez Matthew , Butler Caroline , Meyer Courtney , Todd Samuel Rob , Sciarretta Jason , Smith Randi , Archer-Arroyo Krystal , Grant April 
Published: October 2021

Introduction Traumatic esophageal injuries represent less than 10% of traumatic injuries. Penetrating injuries represent an even smaller but more lethal percent. Esophageal injuries can be cervical, thoracic, or abdominal with decreasing frequency. Cervical and thoracic esophageal injuries represent >80% of these injuries and are more morbid. Morbidity and mortality are increased with delayed identification. Although diagnosis can be hard, management is similar despite location. Cases We present 3 cases of esophageal injuries to the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal esophageal segments with descriptions on diagnosis, repair, and management differences Discussion Despite low incidence of penetrating esophageal injuries, morbidity and mortality are extremely high, especially with associated injuries. Early identification and treatment is paramount. Anatomical knowledge is necessary for successful surgical management. Primary repair in 2 layers should be attempted whenever possible including musical closure with absorbable suture. Flaps, diversions, wide drainage, and feeding tube access should always be key surgical considerations. Flaps can include sternocleidomastoid muscle for cervical injuries, intercostal muscle, diaphragm, and pericardium for thoracic injuries and “Thal” gastric flaps for gastroesophageal junction and abdominal injuries. Successful identification and management can lead to increased survival
Time trends in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcer disease: a single-center retrospective study in Shanghai
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liang Xiao , Chen Xiaoyu , Ge Zhizheng , Lu Hong 
Published: October 2021

Objective The present study aimed to investigate the recent trends in Helicobacter pylori infection associated with peptic ulcer disease in a large population in Shanghai. Methods We analyzed the medical records of all patients who had undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (EGD) for uninvestigated dyspepsia at Ren Ji Hospital between 2013 and 2019 to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcers. Results Peptic ulcers were found in 40,385 of the 383,413 patients who underwent EGD during the study period. Over the 7-year study period, the annual prevalence of H. pylori among patients receiving EGD declined from 32.2% to 26.5%. H. pylori was present in 60% of ulcers and the incidence was higher (66.9%) in duodenal compared with gastric ulcers (48.5%). The proportion of H. pylori-associated gastric ulcers declined from 52.2% to 49.3% and that of H. pylori-positive duodenal ulcers declined from 70.0% to 63.9%. Conclusion The prevalence of H. pylori-positive peptic ulcers, mainly duodenal ulcers, fell from 2013 to 2019. However, the proportion of non- H. pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease increased, especially in elderly people, possibly due to the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Diagnostic parameters of the AF Genital System® for detection of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum
Authors: Tjoa Enty , Joon Shikha , Moehario Lucky H. 
Published: October 2021

Objective The prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum (genital mycoplasma) amongst Indonesian women is poorly understood because of limited availability of diagnostic techniques. We sought to compare the diagnostic parameters of the AF Genital System® with those of culture methods and PCR as the gold standard for identification of M. hominis and U. urealyticum in vaginal swab specimens. Methods This was an observational diagnostic study. Eighty-eight specimens were collected from patients with abnormal vaginal discharge. Detection of M. hominis and U. urealyticum was performed using the AF Genital System®, culture methods, and PCR. Results Compared with PCR and culture methods, respectively, the AF Genital System® had sensitivities of 66.6% and 57% ( M. hominis) and 55.5% and 77.8% ( U. urealyticum). Compared with PCR and culture methods, respectively, the AF Genital System® had specificities of 82.9% and 86.5% ( M. hominis) and 82.3% and 84.8% ( U. urealyticum). Conclusion The sensitivity of the AF Genital System® for detection of M. hominis and U. urealyticum from vaginal swab samples was lower than that of PCR, but specificity was reasonably good (82% to 83%).
Continuity of Care and Successful Hospital Discharge of Older Veterans With Dementia
Authors: Lei Lianlian , Cai Shubing , Conwell Yeates , Fortinsky Richard H. , Intrator Orna 
Published: October 2021

Background Care transitions are frequent among patients with dementia. This study aimed to estimate the impact of continuity of care (COC) on successful community discharge after hospitalization. Methods National Veterans Health Administration data linked to Medicare claims in fiscal years 2014–2015. Community-dwelling older veterans with dementia with an acute hospitalization were included ( n = 31,648). COC was measured by the Bice-Boxerman Continuity of Care (BBC) index (0–1). Association of COC before hospitalization on successful community discharge was examined separately among veterans discharged to the community directly and through post-acute care facilities. Results Veterans with a 0.1 higher BBC were 4.6% ( p = .06) more likely to have successful direct community discharge; but BBC had no demonstrable effect when discharge was through post-acute care facilities. Conclusion Better COC may have impact at improving successful direct community discharge, although the effect is small and the type I error rate (statistical significance) was 6%.
Dome Supramalleolar Osteotomies for the Treatment of Ankle Pain with Opposing Coronal Plane Deformities Between Ankle and the Lower Limb
Authors: Kim Jaeyoung , Henry Jensen K. , Kim Ji-Beom , Lee Woo-Chun 
Published: October 2021

Background: The dome-type osteotomy is a powerful technique for deformity correction of the limb. However, there is limited information about the utility of dome supramalleolar osteotomy (SMO) in ankle joint preservation surgery. This study aimed to describe the technique and indications for dome SMO in distal tibial malalignment. Methods: Twenty-three patients (23 ankles) who underwent dome SMO with a 2-year follow-up were reviewed. Dome SMO was indicated when there were opposing deformities in the ankle and lower limb mechanical axis (ie, varus ankle deformity with valgus lower limb alignment and vice versa) where inherent translation following conventional wedge-type osteotomies could worsen the deformity of the entire lower limb. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on preoperative ankle alignment: the varus ankle group (n = 11) and the valgus ankle group (n = 12). The radiographic correction was assessed using 6 parameters from weightbearing ankle and hindfoot alignment views. In addition, the lower limb mechanical axis was assessed with ankle center deviation (ACD) from the hip-knee (HK) line on the whole limb radiograph, and the weightbearing line (WBL) point was measured to identify changes in the weightbearing load within the ankle joint. Results: Preoperatively, the varus ankle group had varus ankle deformity (tibiotalar angle [TTA], 76.5 ± 5.8 degrees) with valgus lower limb mechanical axis, whereas the valgus ankle group had valgus ankle deformity (TTA, 99.1 ± 4.5 degrees) with varus lower limb mechanical axis alignment. Postoperatively, a significant improvement in the ankle alignment and the lower limb mechanical axis was observed in both groups. The ACD significantly changed toward the HK line, suggesting an improved lower limb mechanical axis, and the WBL point showed a significant shift of the weightbearing axis toward the uninvolved area within the ankle joint. Conclusion: Dome SMO demonstrated a successful correction of local deformity while simultaneously realigning the hip-knee-ankle axis toward neutral. Additionally, an effective load shifting toward an uninvolved area within the ankle joint was observed. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Available information about paediatric use of onco-haematological drugs authorized by EMA since 2016
Authors: Lasala Ruggero , Santoleri Fiorenzo , Zanon Davide , Romagnoli Alessia , Abrate Paolo , Costantini Alberto , Musicco Felice 
Published: October 2021

Background The treatment options available to children with cancer are limited. This is why for more than 10 years, the European Medicine Agency (EMA) has stated that all drugs to be marketed must be tested on the paediatric population in accordance with the Paediatric Investigation Plan (PIP). The objective of this study is to make a cross sectional analysis of the information related to the use of cancer drugs authorised on the European market in the paediatric population. Method The European Public Assessment Reports and PIPs have been considered. The following data were extracted for onco-haematological drugs approved since 2016: paediatric indications, information about the paediatric population in the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) and presence and characteristics of PIPs. A descriptive analysis of the characteristics of the drugs was made from the point of view of the paediatric population. Results Forty-eight drugs with onco-haematological indications have been authorised for marketing since 2016, 7 (15%) of these have paediatric indications. Two (4%) drugs have no paediatric indication but have information related to the paediatric population within SmPC. Forty-one (85%) drugs have no reference to the paediatric population in SmPC. Seventeen (35%) drugs out of 48 do not have PIPs and 11 have been granted a waiver to present the results of paediatric studies. The other 19 active ingredients have a total of 28 PIPs. Conclusion and relevance Most of the onco-haematological drugs approved by EMA since 2016 have neither paediatric indications nor mentions about paediatric use in SmPC. PIPs represent an opportunity, but demand for the paediatric population is still huge.