bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circular Approaches in Small-Scale Food Production
Authors: Schneider Petra , Rochell Vincent , Plat Kay , Jaworski Alexander 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Globally, food production is one of the main water and energy consumers. Having in view the growing population on global scale, a higher efficiency of food production is needed. Circular approaches offer a large potential to enhance the efficiency of food production and have a long tradition in the food production process of mankind. However, industrial farming has interdicted traditional cycle-closed farming approaches leading to a variety of environmental challenges. The contribution illustrates the basics of traditional gardening and farming approaches and describes how their characteristics are adapted in innovative modern farming systems like aquaponic, permaculture, urban farming, as well as recovered traditional farming systems. The approach to combine traditional farming methods with modern ones will provide multiple benefits in the future to ensure food security. There is to be underlined that such a strategy holds a substantial potential of circular flux management in small scale food production. This potential could be transposed to a larger scale also, particularly in terms of agroforestry and integrated plant and animal husbandry or integrated agriculture and aquaculture. In this way, small-scale food production holds a large potential for the future implementation of the water-energy-food security nexus.
The Principle of Reason's Self-Preservation in Kant's Essay on the Pantheism Controversy
Authors: BAGHAI FARSHID 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn his 1786 essay on the pantheism controversy, ‘What Does It Mean to Orient Oneself in Thinking?’, Kant implies that ‘the maxim of reason'sself-preservation [Selbsterhaltung]’ is reason's first principle for orienting itself in thinking supersensible objects. But Kant does not clearly explain what the maxim or principle of reason's self-preservation is and how it fits into his larger project of critical philosophy. Nor does the secondary literature. This article reconstructs Kant's discussion of the principle of reason's self-preservation in ‘What Does It Mean to Orient Oneself in Thinking?’ It suggests that this principle is best understood as the discipline of pure reason. The principle of reason's self-preservation performs the same methodological function that Kant assigns to the discipline of pure reason. This principle establishes the rule of law in reason and subjects reason to its own laws. In so doing, it prevents reason's dialectical errors and also grounds reason's faith(Vernunftglaube), which in turn systematically conditions the practical use of reason.
Asymptotic behavior of projections of supercritical multi-type continuous-state and continuous-time branching processes with immigration
Authors: Barczy Mátyás , Palau Sandra , Pap Gyula 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnder a fourth-order moment condition on the branching and a second-order moment condition on the immigration mechanisms, we show that an appropriately scaled projection of a supercritical and irreducible continuous-state and continuous-time branching process with immigration on certain left non-Perron eigenvectors of the branching mean matrix is asymptotically mixed normal. With an appropriate random scaling, under some conditional probability measure, we prove asymptotic normality as well. In the case of a non-trivial process, under a first-order moment condition on the immigration mechanism, we also prove the convergence of the relative frequencies of distinct types of individuals on a suitable event; for instance, if the immigration mechanism does not vanish, then this convergence holds almost surely.
Development and validation of food frequency questionnaire for food and nutrient intakes of adults in Butajira, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Regassa Ilili F. , Endris Bilal S. , Habtemariam Esete , Hassen Hamid Y. , Ghebreyesus Seifu H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe developed a culturally-specific Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to the Ethiopian context and evaluate its validity in comparison to two 24-h dietary recalls (24-HRs) of food and nutrient intake. To evaluate the validity of a culturally-specific FFQ against two 24-HRs, we used a pairedt-test, Wilcoxon-signed-rank test, Correlation coefficients, cross-classification,κand Bland-Altman analysis. The FFQ was obtained 15 d after the second 24-HR was completed. A total of 105 adults, of which 43 (41 %) were men and 62 (59 %) women, aged 20–65 years participated in this present study. Mean energy and macronutrient intake obtained from the FFQ were significantly higher than those obtained from the mean of two 24-HRs. For energy and nutrient intakes, the crude correlation ranged from 0⋅05 (total fat) to 0⋅49 (vitamin B1). The de-attenuated correlation ranged from to 0⋅10 (total fat) to 0⋅80 (vitamin A). For the majority of food groups, no significant difference was observed in the median intake of food and nutrients. Crude correlation for food groups ranged from 0⋅12 (egg) to 0⋅78 (legumes). The de-attenuated correlation ranged from 0⋅24 (egg) to 1⋅00 (meat/poultry/fish and dairy). The FFQ is valid to assess and rank individuals in terms of intake of most food groups according to high and low intake categories.
Impact of comorbidity on family genetic risk profiles for psychiatric and substance use disorders: a descriptive analysis
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Ohlsson Henrik , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground– Comorbidity between psychiatric disorders is extensive but, from a genetic perspective, still poorly understood. Modern molecular genetic approaches to this problem are limited by a reliance on case–control designs.Methods– In 5 828 760 individuals born in Sweden from 1932–1995 with a mean (s.d.) age at follow-up of 54.4 (18.1), we examined family genetic risk score (FGRS) profiles including internalizing, psychotic, substance use and developmental disorders in 10 pairs of psychiatric and substance use disorders diagnosed from population registries. We examined these profiles in three groups of patients: disorder A only, disorder B only and comorbid cases with both disorders.Results– The most common pattern of findings, seen in five pairings, was simple and quantitative. Comorbid cases had higher FGRS than both non-comorbid cases for all (or nearly all) disorders. However, the pattern was more complex in the remaining five pairings and included qualitative changes where the comorbid cases showed no increases in FGRS for certain disorders and in a few cases significant decreases. Several comparisons showed an asymmetric pattern of findings with increases, in comorbidity compared to single disorder cases, of the FGRS for only one of the two disorders.Conclusions– The examination of FGRS profiles in general population samples where all disorders are assessed in all subjects provides a fruitful line of inquiry to understand the origins of psychiatric comorbidity. Further work will be needed, with an expansion of analytic approaches, to gain deeper insights into the complex mechanisms likely involved.
A seal of Solomon son of Azariah, “son of the exilarch of all Israel”
Authors: Zellmann-Rohrer Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPublication of a seal of rock crystal in London (British Museum), with an inscription in Aramaic and Hebrew naming the bearer, one Solomon b. Azariah, as grandson (or perhaps son) of an exilarch. An identification of the bearer as Solomon, son of the Jewish exilarch Azariah b. Solomon (c. 975) and grandson of the exilarch Solomon b. Josiah (c. 951–3), is considered, as is the alternative possibility that the grandfather was the exilarch Solomon b. Hisdai (c. 730–58).
Effect of the First Wave of the Belgian COVID-19 Pandemic on Physician-Provided Prehospital Critical Care in the City of Antwerp (Belgium)
Authors: Lavigne Tina , De Tavernier Brecht , Van Regenmortel Niels , De Tavernier Wouter , Christiaen Jan , Hubloue Ives , Anseeuw Kurt 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroduction:There is evidence to suggest that patients delayed seeking urgent medical care during the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A delay in health-seeking behavior could increase the disease severity of patients in the prehospital setting. The combination of COVID-19-related missions and augmented disease severity in the prehospital environment could result in an increase in the number and severity of physician-staffed prehospital interventions, potentially putting a strain on this highly specialized service.Study Objective:The aim was to investigate if the COVID-19 pandemic influences the frequency of physician-staffed prehospital interventions, prehospital mortality, illness severity during prehospital interventions, and the distribution in the prehospital diagnoses.Methods:A retrospective, multicenter cohort study was conducted on prehospital charts from March 14, 2020 through April 30, 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, in an urban area. Recorded data included demographics, prehospital diagnosis, physiological parameters, mortality, and COVID-status. A modified National Health Service (NHS) National Early Warning Score (NEWS) was calculated for each intervention to assess for disease severity. Data were analyzed with univariate and descriptive statistics.Results:There was a 31% decrease in physician-staffed prehospital interventions during the period under investigation in 2020 as compared to 2019 (2019: 644 missions and 2020: 446 missions), with an increase in prehospital mortality (OR = 0.646; 95% CI, 0.435 – 0.959). During the study period, there was a marked decrease in the low and medium NEWS groups, respectively, with an OR of 1.366 (95% CI, 1.036 – 1.802) and 1.376 (0.987 – 1.920). A small increase was seen in the high NEWS group, with an OR of 0.804 (95% CI, 0.566 – 1.140); 2019: 80 (13.67%) and 2020: 69 (16.46%). With an overall decrease in cases in all diagnostic categories, a significant increase was observed for respiratory illness (31%; P = .004) and cardiac arrest (54%; P < .001), combined with a significant decrease for intoxications (-58%; P = .007). Due to the national test strategy at that time, a COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result was available in only 125 (30%) patients, of which 20 (16%) were positive.Conclusion:The frequency of physician-staffed prehospital interventions decreased significantly. There was a marked reduction in interventions for lower illness severity and an increase in higher illness severity and mortality. Further investigation is needed to fully understand the reasons for these changes.
Frequency analysis of load modulation networks for asymmetric Doherty power amplifiers in GaN
Authors: Seidel Andres , Wagner Jens , Ellinger Frank 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the frequency response of load modulation networks for asymmetric Doherty power amplifiers (ADPA) with an output back-off power level larger than 6 dB and a power ratio of peak to main amplifier (N − 1) larger than 1. The influence of the main path impedance transformer (IT) on the Doherty impedances at main and peak path as well as on the ADPA's efficiency is analyzed. Scaling of the main IT's characteristic impedance via ξ indicates a maximum broadband matching for an input voltage Vin of ξ · Vin,max. By weighting the frequency- and ξ-dependent efficiency curves using a probability density function (PDF), an optimum is obtained for ξ = 1/N. To verify the theory, three ADPAs with different ξ-scaled ITs are designed, measured, and compared. For the design at 3.6 GHz, a gallium nitride (GaN) transistor is used. By means of the intrinsic node matching technique, matching at the current source plane is obtained. In laboratory measurements, the ADPA with ξ = 1/N achieves a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 63% at 42 dBm output power and a PDF-weighted average PAE of 38.8% within 400 MHz bandwidth for 8 dB peak-to-average power ratio. Comparison with similar state-of-the-art ADPAs in GaN technology shows highest PAE and operation power gain GP for center frequencies larger than 3.0 GHz.
ICF-basiertes Training in der Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Lotter Karin 
Published: November 2021

Physiotherapeutische Rehabilitation in der Neurologie mit der ICF führt hin zu einer hohen Lebensqualität der Patient_innen auch bei funktionaler und struktureller Beeinträchtigung.

ICF in der Neurorehabilitation
Die International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) der WHO stützt sich auf das bio-psycho-soziale Modell: Es orientiert sich an der Frage, wie Patient_innen und Klient_innen trotz und mit Beeinträchtigungen eine hohe Lebensqualität und Wohlbefinden gewinnen. Damit setzt sie einen neuen Maßstab in der Gesundheitsversorgung und erklärt die funktionale Gesundheit des Menschen, seine Teilhabe und Umweltbedingungen zum Schwerpunkt der professionellen Dienste der Gesundheitsberufe.
Das Fachbuch stellt ein ICF-basiertes Training als Konzept für die physiotherapeutische Therapieplanung vor, evidenzbasiert auf Erkenntnissen der neurologischen Rehabilitation. Es verortet die Beschwerden neurologischer Patienten in die Struktur der ICF und unterstützt die Auswahl geeigneter Instrumente zur Messung und Befundung (Assessments), damit sie differenziert und umfassend erhoben werden können. Daran schließt sich die Auswahl und Anwendung der therapeutischen Maßnahmen an. Es bietet daher ein weites Spektrum für das professionelle Handeln der Physiotherapie und unterstützt die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit. Zur Struktur des Inhalts:

•	Grundlagen der ICF für die Neurorehabilitation
•	ICF-basiertes Training: Assessment, Diagnostik, Planung, Therapieziele, Behandlung
•	Fallbeispiele und Erkrankungen: Schlaganfall, Multiple Sklerose, Ideopathisches Parkinson-Syndrom (IPS), Querschnittsläsion (QS)
Assessments and Corrections of GLDAS2.0 Forcing Data in Four Large Transboundary Rivers in the Tibetan Plateau and Northeast China
Authors: Qi Wei , Liu Junguo , Yang Hong , Chen Deliang , Feng Lian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGLDAS2.0 provides long‐term fine resolution gridded hydrometeorological data sets, which are necessary for water‐related studies, particularly in some transboundary rivers that are partially without observation. Yet, GLDAS2.0 has only been validated at limited locations, and few studies have been conducted to develop approaches to correct the GLDAS2.0 data for transboundary rivers. This work assessed the GLDAS2.0 data and developed approaches to correct their uncertainties for studies in large transboundary rivers in the Tibetan Plateau and Northeast China (NC). To achieve these goals, observational data from 1982 to 2010 and a water and energy budget‐based distributed hydrological model including biosphere after calibration and validation were employed. We find that the GLDAS2.0 data (except for wind speed) can reasonably replicate observed seasonal variations. However, its specific humidity and wind speed have large uncertainty, and precipitation has large uncertainty in summer. In NC, the trends of its precipitation, air temperature, downward longwave radiation, and wind speed are consistent with the observations. In the Yarlung Tsangpo, Lancang, and Nu Rivers, the trends of all GLDAS2.0 data reproduce the observation very well, that is, wetting, warming, and dimming trends. Validations show that the corrections are effective and the corrected forcing data can be successfully used in hydrological simulation with improved performance than the raw GLDAS2.0 data, which demonstrates the usefulness of the methodology and corrected forcing data to hydrometeorological studies in transboundary rivers in China as well as in other nearby regions/countries.
Ion Convection as a Function of Distance to the Neutral Sheet in Earth's Magnetotail
Authors: Chong Ghai Siung , Pitkänen T. , Hamrin M. , Schillings A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe utilized 33 years of data obtained by the Geotail, THEMIS, Cluster and MMS missions to investigate the slow (<200 km/s) ion flows perpendicular to the magnetic field in Earth's magnetotail plasma sheet. By using plasma β as a proxy of distance to the neutral sheet, we find that the ion flow patterns vary systematically within the plasma sheet. Particularly, in regions farther from the neutral sheet, earthward (tailward) flows exhibit a strong tendency to diverge (converge) quasi‐symmetrically, with respect to the midnight meridional plane. As the distance becomes closer toward the neutral sheet, this tendency to diverge and converge gradually weakens. Moreover, duskward flows become the dominant components in both the earthward and tailward flows. These variations in ion flow patterns with distance to neutral sheet are hemispherically independent. We suggest that the spatial profiles of the electric and diamagnetic drift vary with distance to the neutral sheet and are therefore responsible for the varying ion flow patterns.
Active Role of Sea Surface Temperature Changes Over the Kuroshio in the Development of Distant Tropical Cyclones in Boreal Fall
Authors: Fujiwara Keita , Kawamura Ryuichi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examined the active role of sea surface temperature (SST) changes over the Kuroshio in the development of distant tropical cyclones (TCs) approaching Japan in October, using a cloud‐resolving model. We designed a real SST experiment and SST sensitivity runs by adding and subtracting SST anomalies equivalent to a spread of year‐to‐year October‐mean Kuroshio's SST changes. Under a synoptic environment that low‐level northeasterlies prevailed over the Kuroshio, systematic differences in TC intensity between the real and modified SST runs were simulated despite the developing TCs being far away from the modified SST areas. In the warm (cool) SST runs, active (inactive) moisture import from the Kuroshio increased (decreased) the equivalent potential temperature within the planetary boundary layer (PBL) in the inner core, thereby enhancing (weakening) the latent eyewall heating and the associated secondary circulation. The differences in the secondary circulation led to those in the inward advection of absolute angular momentum in the PBL, affecting a vortex spin‐up in the inner core. We also found that the surface heat and moisture supply from the Kuroshio facilitated the warming and moistening processes of midlatitude air parcels traveling over the underlying current, causing further reinforcement of the moisture import into the distant TC. These thermodynamic processes were more and less apparent in the warm and cool SST runs, respectively. Since the synoptic environment in this study often arises in boreal fall, the Kuroshio's SST warming in recent decades may influence the intensities of TCs approaching Japan in fall.
Point and Interval Forecasting of Groundwater Depth Using Nonlinear Models
Authors: Guo Tianli , Song Songbai , Ma Weijie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on the development of a new model that can be used not only to forecast the groundwater depth but also to quantify the uncertainty of forecasts. Therefore, we built a hybrid of Self‐Exciting Threshold Autoregressive‐Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity model, namely SETAR‐GARCH model to obtain point and interval forecasts of groundwater depth. In addition, single SETAR model and a hybrid of SETAR and Kernel Density Estimation model, referred as SETAR‐KDE, were compared. Two average monthly groundwater depth of Xi'an and Baoji cities in Shaanxi, China, were used to evaluate the models. The study results demonstrate that the SETAR‐GARCH model achieves satisfactory point and interval forecasting performance and reduces the uncertainty of interval forecasting. Furthermore, we found and proved a significant finding that the GARCH model does not have any influence on the point forecasting, but it can achieve superior performance of interval forecasting by combined with SETAR model. This study may provide a new idea for nonstationary and nonlinear groundwater depth prediction and further provide a reference for the design and management of water systems in the changing environment.
Model Choice Impacts the Quantification of Seasonal Hyporheic Exchange Depths and Fluxes
Authors: Schmitgen Lara‐Maria , Bierl Reinhard , Schuetz Tobias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDirection and depths of hyporheic exchange fluxes at the groundwater ‐ surface water interface are drivers of biogeochemical processes influencing nutrient cycling and water quality. Model concepts on the dynamic relationship between hyporheic exchange fluxes and exchange depth are typically based on the assumption of a linear relationship between both measures. Here, we quantify seasonal and episodic variations of hyporheic exchange fluxes and hyporheic exchange depths with methods of heat tracing. Numerically (FLUX‐BOT) and analytically (VFLUX; method based on temperature amplitude dampening developed by Hatch et al., 2006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004787) working program scripts were used to solve the one‐dimensional conduction‐advection‐dispersion equation and compute hyporheic flux rates from three vertical sediment water temperature profiles recorded continuously in a small low mountain creek between 2011 and 2017. By comparing the behavior of two differing water temperature‐based modeling approaches, dissimilarities in the sensitivity to sediment thermal properties were identified. Besides the differences in parameter responsivity differences in how the temperature data is incorporated, explain deviating behavior of the models regarding exchange flux and depth calculations. We show that the vertical extension of hyporheic exchange depth has a distinctive seasonal pattern over seven years, which differs according to the positioning in the riffle‐pool‐sequence. Surface water levels, groundwater levels and stream discharges show significant correlations with both flux direction and hyporheic zone extension. Temperature derived flux data allowed for establishing a significant relationship between hyporheic exchange fluxes and hyporheic exchange depths.
Bak instead of Bax plays a key role in metformin-induced apoptosis s in HCT116 cells
Authors: Chen Hongce , Sun Beini , Sun Han , Xu Lingjun , Wu Guihao , Tu Zhuang , Cheng Xuecheng , Fan Xuhong , Mai Zihao , Tang Qiling , Wang Xiaoping , Chen Tongsheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMetformin (Met) exhibits anticancer ability in various cancer cell lines. This report aims to explore the exact molecular mechanism of Met-induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells, a human colorectal cancer cell line. Met-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase and ROS-dependent cell death accompanied by plasma membrane blistering, mitochondrial swelling, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and release of cytochrome c. Western blotting analysis showed that Met upregulated Bak expression but downregulated Bax expression. Most importantly, silencing Bak instead of Bax inhibited Met-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating the key role of Bak in Met-induced apoptosis. Live-cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis showed that Met unlocked the binding of Mcl-1 to Bak, and enhanced the binding of Bim to Bak and subsequent Bak homo-oligomerization. Western blotting analysis showed that Met enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and Bim expression, and compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK, inhibited Met-induced Bim upregulation. Although Met increased the expression of Bcl-xL, overexpression of Bcl-xL did not prevent Met-induced apoptosis. In summary, our data demonstrate for the first time that Met promotes ROS-dependent apoptosis by regulating the Mcl-1-Bim-Bak axis.