bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tinjauan Kasus COVID-19 Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin, Golongan Usia, dan Kepadatan Penduduk di Kabupaten Pati
Authors: Ernawati Aeda 
Published: December 2021

ENGLISHCOVID-19 spread out rapidly and it has caused a lot of mortality among the victims. Objectives of the research are to describe the COVID-19 cases based on the gender, and age group in the study area and to analyze the effect of population density on COVID-19 cases. The study used quantitative descriptive approach. The study used secondary data available at BPS, the Health Office, and the COVID-19 task force website in Pati Regency. It used a descriptive analysis and also a statistical test, namely a simple linear regression test. The results showed that 53% of COVID-19 victims are males. Most cases of COVID-19 attacked the productive agers, mainly at the ages of 46-59 years old consisting of 637 people (36.59%). Based on data up to November 1st, 2021, the most COVID-19 sufferers in Pati District are 1857 people. Based on the regression test, there is an effect of population density on the highly accident cases of COVID-19. There is a strong influence of population density on the COVID-19 cases with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.890 and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.793. It means that 79% of COVID-19 sufferers are influenced by population density. Therefore, prevention efforts must be carried out through counseling to male people in order not to smoke and increase the application of health protocols. In addition, prevention for elder people is conducted by increasing body resistance by fulfilling food intake and vaccination. INDONESIACOVID-19 menyebar dengan cepat dan menyebabkan banyak kematian pada masyarakat yang terpapar. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengambarkan kasus COVID-19 di Kabupaten Pati berdasarkan jenis kelamin, golongan usia, dan kecamatan serta untuk menganalisis pengaruh kepadatan penduduk terhadap kasus COVID-19. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder yang tersedia di BPS, Dinas Kesehatan, dan website gugus tugas COVID-19 di Kabupaten Pati. Analisis secara deskriptif dan untuk kepadatan dilakukan uji statistik dengan menggunakan uji regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 53% penderita COVID-19 berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Kasus COVID-19 sebagian besar menyerang usia produktif, terbanyak pada golong-an usia 46-59 tahun yaitu sebanyak 637 orang (36,59%). Berdasarkan data per 1 November 2021, penderita COVID-19 paling banyak Kecamatan Pati yaitu sebanyak 1857 orang. Hasil uji regresi menunjukkan ada pengaruh kepadatan penduduk dengan tingginya kasus COVID-19. Ada pengaruh yang kuat kepadatan penduduk terhadap tingginya kasus COVID-19 dengan koefisien korelasi (R) sebesar 0,890 dan nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,793, artinya 79% tingginya jumlah penderita COVID-19 dipengaruhi oleh kepadatan penduduk. Upaya pencegahan harus selalu di-lakukan melalui penyuluhan pada laki-laki untuk tidak merokok dan meningkatkan penerapan protokol kesehatan. Pencegahan pada lansia dengan meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh dengan memenuhi asupan makanan dan melakukan vaksinasi.
Financial Distress and Firm Performance: Evidence from COVID-19.
Authors: Teoh Christine Kah Shu 
Published: December 2021

This study is dedicated to discovering the impact of COVID-19 on Malaysia’s plantation industry firms. This paper uses quarterly data from annual report of 39 listed firms from Malaysia from 2018 to 2020. The variables to measure financial distress are debt ratio and debt-to-equity ratio while the measurement for firm performance is return on assets. The findings shows that there is a significant negative relationship between debt-to-equity ratio on firm performance. This indicates that the increase in debt-to-equity ratio results in a significant decrease in return on total assets. On the other hand, positive correlation exists between debt ratio and firm performance. This means that an increase in debt ratio results in an increase in the return value of total assets.
Autophagy and Glycative Stress: A Bittersweet Relationship in Neurodegeneration
Authors: Gómez Olga , Perini-Villanueva Giuliana , Yuste Andrea , Rodríguez-Navarro José Antonio , Poch Enric , Bejarano Eloy 
Published: December 2021

Autophagy is a fine-tuned proteolytic pathway that moves dysfunctional/aged cellular components into the lysosomal compartment for degradation. Over the last 3 decades, global research has provided evidence for the protective role of autophagy in different brain cell components. Autophagic capacities decline with age, which contributes to the accumulation of obsolete/damaged organelles and proteins and, ultimately, leads to cellular aging in brain tissues. It is thus well-accepted that autophagy plays an essential role in brain homeostasis, and malfunction of this catabolic system is associated with major neurodegenerative disorders. Autophagy function can be modulated by different types of stress, including glycative stress. Glycative stress is defined as a cellular status with abnormal and accelerated accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). It occurs in hyperglycemic states, both through the consumption of high-sugar diets or under metabolic conditions such as diabetes. In recent years, glycative stress has gained attention for its adverse impact on brain pathology. This is because glycative stress stimulates insoluble, proteinaceous aggregation that is linked to the malfunction of different neuropathological proteins. Despite the emergence of new literature suggesting that autophagy plays a major role in fighting glycation-derived damage by removing cytosolic AGEs, excessive glycative stress might also negatively impact autophagic function. In this mini-review, we provide insight on the status of present knowledge regarding the role of autophagy in brain physiology and pathophysiology, with an emphasis on the cytoprotective role of autophagic function to ameliorate the adverse effects of glycation-derived damage in neurons, glia, and neuron-glia interactions.
Efficacy and Safety of Non-recommended Dose of New Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kong Xiangyun , Zhu Yong , Pu Lianmei , Meng Shuai , Zhao Lihan , Zeng Wei , Sun Weiyan , Wu Guangming , Li Hong 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The real-world treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) often involves the prescription of new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) using dosing both lower and higher than recommended guidelines. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of non-recommended dosage of NOACs in AF patients.Methods: A systematic search was performed for relevant studies across multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials Registry) from inception to May 1, 2021. Multicenter randomized trials and observational studies were selected with key reporting measures for inclusion involved efficacy outcomes including stroke or systemic thromboembolism along with safety endpoints assessing major or clinically relevant bleeding events.Results: A total of 11 eligible studies were included involving 48,648 patients receiving recommended dose of NOACs and 50,116 patients receiving non-recommended dosage. Compared to AF patients treated with recommended dose regimens, administration of low dose of NOACs was associated with higher risk of stroke/systemic embolism (RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.14–1.35, P &lt; 0.00001), but without reducing bleeding risk (RR = 1.18, 95% CI 0.91–1.53, P = 0.21) and a higher risk of all-cause mortality (RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.25–1.99, P = 0.0001). Moreover, high dose of NOACs was associated with higher risk of stroke and systemic embolism efficacy (RR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.06–2.76, P = 0.03) and a non-significant trend to a greater risk of major or clinically relevant bleeding (RR = 1.57, 95% CI 0.96–2.58, P = 0.07).Conclusions: AF patients treated with low dose of NOACs showed equivalent safety but with worse efficacy compared with recommended dose. High dose of NOACs was not superior to recommended dose regimens in preventing stroke/systemic embolism outcomes in AF patients.
Effect of Temperature on Tooth Staining by 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate
Authors: Carey Clifton M. , Yagudayev Arthur , Font Kerri 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Natural color of dentin is affected by many variables, including anatomical variations, age, how much dentin is exposed, or how much enamel is covering the dentin. Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) has been observed to cause tooth staining, especially of exposed dentin. Risk factors for CHX staining include the amount of time for CHX utilization amongst others. Interestingly, the temperature of the rinse when used has been identified as a risk factor. However, no evidence of the effect of temperature is available in the literature. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on dentin staining due to CHX exposure.Methods: Two studies were done. The first a pilot study at room temperature to determine the time needed to establish staining solutions, a method to evaluate stain intensity, and establish the time needed to stain dentin samples in vitro. The second study exposed dentin samples on a twice daily basis to a 1 min soak in CHX at different temperatures, followed by a period in an unstimulated saliva mixed with black tea mixture. Temperatures tested were 4, 23, 37 and 50°C. Control samples were exposed to only black tea and saliva (no CHX) and tested at 23°C.Results: The pilot study found that the combination of CHX and black tea causes dentin staining. From this data the sample size needed for the second experiment was calculated, requiring 12 samples per group. Sixty dentin samples were divided amongst 5 groups. The data from this study showed significant darkening of the dentin samples over 18 days. The 4 and 23°C CHX rinses resulted in significant staining compared to the control samples. The 37 and 50°C CHX rinses did not stain significantly more than the control samples.Conclusions: Chlorhexidine has the ability to cause tooth staining in the presence of chromogens such as those in black tea. Significant darkening was observed at lower temperatures (4 and 23°C) over 18 days, therefore dental professionals may wish to advise gently warming the CHX rinse toward 37°C prior to use to reduce the risk of staining.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Geodetic Mass Changes of Glaciers With Varying Debris Cover in the Pangong Region of Trans-Himalayan Ladakh, India Between 1990 and 2019
Authors: Majeed Ulfat , Rashid Irfan , Najar Nadeem Ahmad , Gul Nafeeza 
Published: December 2021

Glaciers across the Himalayan arc are showing varying signs of recession. Glaciers in the eastern and western parts of the Himalayan arc are retreating more rapidly as compared to other regions. This differential retreat is often attributed to climatic, topographic, and geologic influences. The glaciers in the Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh are believed to be relatively stable as compared to other parts of the western Himalaya. The present study ascertained the area changes and frontal retreat of 87 glaciers in the Pangong Region between 1990 and 2019 using satellite data. The geodetic mass changes were also assessed using SRTM and TanDEM-X digital elevation models of 2000 and 2012 respectively. Besides, the glacier outlines were delineated manually and compared with existing regional and global glacier inventories that are available over the region. The GlabTop model was used to simulate the glacier-bed overdeepenings of four glaciers that are associated with a proglacial lake. The study also analyzed the impact of topographic influences and varying debris cover on glacier recession. This analysis indicated deglaciation of 6.7 ± 0.1% (0.23% a−1) from 1990 to 2019 over the Pangong Region with clean-ice glaciers showing a higher retreat (8.4 ± 0.28%) compared to the debris-covered glaciers (5.7 ± 0.14%). However, the overall recession is lower compared to other parts of northwestern Himalayas. The glacier recession showed a positive correlation with mean glacier slope (r = 0.3) and debris cover (r = 0.1) with bigger size glaciers having retreated at a lesser pace compared to smaller ones. This underpins the need for in-situ data about debris thickness to precisely ascertain the role of debris on glacier recession in the Trans-Himalayan Ladakh where debris thickness data is absent. The mean glacier elevation did not indicate any influence on glacier recession. From 2000 to 12, the glaciers lost an ice mass amounting to 0.33 ± 0.05 m we. per year. The formation of four new proglacial lakes, although small (&lt;6 ha), need to be monitored using remote sensing data while the infrastructure development activities should not be permitted given glacial lake outburst flood risk.
Case Report: A Novel ABCC8 Variant in a Chinese Pedigree of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young
Authors: Tang Chaoyan , Meng Liheng , Zhang Ping , Liang Xinghuan , Dang Chaozhi , Liang Hui , Wu Junfeng , Lan Haiyun , Qin Yingfen 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundWe aimed to analyze a novel ABCC8 variant of a Chinese patient with suspected maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and to provide evidence for precise diagnosis and appropriate treatment.MethodA Chinese family with suspected MODY was recruited in this study, which included a 15-year-old female patient with diabetes. Clinical data and blood samples were collected from the proband and other family members. All of the living relatives were given an oral glucose tolerance test. Next-generation sequencing was performed to identify the mutated genes in the proband. Sanger sequencing was utilized to confirm the location of the pathogenic variant in all subjects. Further treatment was referred to targeted family members according to genetic testing.ResultsThe proband was found to have a random blood glucose level of 244.8 mg/dl and an HbA1c level of 9.2%. Before this investigation, her grandparents had been diagnosed with diabetes. The second uncle, two aunts, mother, and cousin of the proband were diagnosed with diabetes by abnormal HbA1C (6.5–12.1%) and fasting blood glucose (FBG, 91.4–189.7 mg/dl). The second aunt of the proband had impaired glucose homeostasis (HbA1C = 6.4% and FBG = 88.0 mg/dl). One novel missense variant c.1432G&gt;A (p.A478T) in exon 9 of the ABCC8 gene was detected in the proband with suspected MODY. The variant was also found in six family members with diabetes or impaired glucose homeostasis, including her second uncle, two aunts, mother, and cousin. After the treatment was switched to glimepiride, the fasting blood glucose was adjusted to 99.54 mg/dl, the 2-h postprandial blood glucose was 153.54 mg/dl, serum fructosamine was 259 μmol/l, and HbA1c was 5.8%. The glycemic control remained optimal, and no hypoglycemic episodes were observed in the living relatives.ConclusionThis study revealed one novel missense variant of the ABCC8 gene in Chinese families. The present findings indicated that the members of this family responded to treatment with sulfonylureas as previously seen in ABCC8 MODY.
The Association Between Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Sarcopenia: Accumulated Evidences From Observational Studies
Authors: Qiao Yu-Shun , Chai Yin-He , Gong Hong-Jian , Zhuldyz Zhiyessova , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , Zhou Jian-Bo , Simó Rafael 
Published: December 2021

AimWe performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to evaluate the association between the presence of sarcopenia and HbA1c, prediabetes, diabetes and diabetic complications.MethodThe PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to May 2021. We included full-text English language articles that reported the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with and without diabetes. Quality assessment was performed according to the Newcastle- Ottawa scale for observational studies.ResultsSixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Three studies showed that high HbA1c levels lead to loss of muscle mass, and one study involving prediabetes showed that people with prediabetes had lower muscle mass, strength, and performance than non-diabetic population. Seven studies showed that people with diabetes had a higher risk of sarcopenia than those without diabetes (combined OR: 2.09, 95% CI:1.62-2.70). The remaining five studies suggested that diabetic complications increased the risk of sarcopenia (combined OR: 2.09,95% CI:1.62-2.70).ConclusionHigh HbA1c levels, prediabetes, diabetes and diabetes complications were associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia. Therapeutic strategies addressed to avoid the conversion of IGT to diabetes and to optimize glycemic control are warranted to prevent or arrest sarcopenia in the diabetic population
Association of Preadmission Metformin Use and Prognosis in Patients With Sepsis and Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Yuanzhe , Zhao Huayan , Guo Yalin , Duan Yongtao , Guo Yanjun , Ding Xianfei 
Published: December 2021

Background and AimA growing body of evidence suggests that preadmission metformin use could decrease the mortality of septic patients with diabetes mellitus (DM); however, the findings remain controversial. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted on available studies to confirm the relationship between preadmission metformin use and mortality in patients with sepsis and DM.MethodsA comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was performed for studies published before August 8, 2021. Observational studies assessing the correlation between metformin use and mortality in patients with sepsis and DM were considered eligible studies. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) to assess the outcome quality of each included article. Furthermore, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed using the inverse variance method with random effects modeling.ResultsEleven articles including 8195 patients were analyzed in this meta-analysis. All the included articles were scored as low risk of bias. Our results showed that preadmission metformin use had a lower mortality rate (OR, 0.74; 95% CIs, 0.62–0.88, P &lt; 0.01) in patients with sepsis and DM. Surprisingly, there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of serum creatinine (weighted mean difference (WMD), 0.36; 95% CIs, −0.03–0.75; P = 0.84) and lactic acid (WMD, −0.16; 95% CIs, −0.49–0.18; P = 0.07) between preadmission metformin use and non-metformin use.ConclusionsThis study is the most comprehensive meta-analysis at present, which shows that preadmission metformin use may reduce mortality and not increase the levels of serum creatinine and lactic acid in adult patients with sepsis and DM. Therefore, these data suggest that the potential efficacy of metformin could be assessed in future clinical studies.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://inplasy.com/?s=INPLASY2021100113, identifier INPLASY2021100113.
Noninvasive Prenatal Screening Based on Second-Trimester Ultrasonographic Soft Markers in Low-Risk Pregnant Women
Authors: Liu Yunyun , Jing Xiaosha , Xing Lingling , Liu Sha , Liu Jianlong , Cheng Jing , Deng Cechuan , Bai Ting , Xia Tianyu , Wei Xiang , Luo Yuan , Zhou Quanfang , Zhu Qian , Liu Hongqian 
Published: December 2021

Background: We aimed to assess the clinical application of noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) based on second-trimester ultrasonographic soft markers (USMs) in low-risk pregnant women.Methods: Data of pregnant women between April 2015 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Pregnant women [age at expected date of confinement (EDC) of &lt;35 years; low risks for trisomy 21 (T21) and trisomy 18 (T18) based on maternal serum screening; presenting second-trimester USMs (7 types)] who successfully underwent NIPS and had available follow-up information were included in our study. Cases with positive NIPS results were prenatally diagnosed. All patients were followed up for 6 months to 2 years after NIPS, and their clinical outcomes were obtained. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the different USMs.Results: NIPS suggested that among a total of 10,023 cases, 37 (0.37%) were at high risk of aneuploidy, including 4 T21, 6 trisomy 13 (T13), and 27 sex chromosome abnormalities (SCA). Ten cases with aneuploidy (0.10%) were confirmed by prenatal diagnosis, consisting of two T21 and eight SCA. The eight fetuses with SCA consisted of one monosomy X, two XXY, one XXXY, one XXX, one XYY, and two mosaicisms. T21 was detected in one fetus with absent or hypoplastic nasal bone and one fetus with echogenic intracardiac focus (EICF). SCA was detected in five fetuses with EICF, two fetuses with multiple soft markers, and one fetus with echogenic bowel. The positive rate of chromosomal aneuploidy was significantly higher in fetuses with absent or hypoplastic nasal bone (6.25 vs. 0.10%, p = 0.017), echogenic bowel (3.7 vs. 0.10%, p = 0.029), and multiple soft markers (0.678 vs. 0.10%, p = 0.045) than in the total fetuses. The positive predictive values (PPVs) of NIPS in these three groups were 100%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. EICF accounted for 93.25% (9,346/10,023) of the study population, whereas the PPV of NIPS was only 20%.Conclusion: NIPS is an advanced screening test for low-risk pregnant women. In the 10,023 pregnant women sampled, SCA were more common than autosomal trisomy, and EICF was the most frequent USM but the least predictive aneuploidy. Further aneuploidy evaluation is suggested for low-risk pregnant women whose ultrasound indicates absent or hypoplastic nasal bone, echogenic bowel, or multiple soft markers. NIPS can serve as a second-line complementary screening for these women.
Decreased Absolute Number of Circulating Regulatory T Cells in Patients With Takayasu’s Arteritis
Authors: Jia Wen , Fu Zi-Li , Wang Xia , Luo Jing , Yan Cheng-Lan , Cao Jian-Ping , Yan-Liu   , Xie Jian-Fang , Liu Guang-Ying , Gao Chong , Li Xiao-Feng 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundTakayasu’s arteritis (TA) is a type of primary large vessel vasculitis. Th1, Th17, and Tfh cells have been reported to be associated with TA relapse. However, the relationship between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and TA remains unclear.ObjectiveTo analyze the levels of circulating lymphocytes, especially Treg cells (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells) and serum cytokines in TA patients and explore their relationship with their changes and TA disease activity.MethodsA total of 57 TA patients and 43 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. According to NIH standards, 36 patients had active disease status. Flow cytometry combined with counting was used to detect the absolute numbers and ratios of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells in the peripheral blood of all the subjects. Magnetic bead-based multiplex immunoassay was used to detect cytokines.ResultsCompared to HCs, the absolute number and proportion of peripheral Treg cells in TA patients was significantly decreased, while Th17 cells were significantly increased. Furthermore, compared to the inactive group, the TA active group had significantly increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, but lower IL-10 levels. The absolute number of Th2 cells was negatively associated with platelet (PLT) and NIS scores in TA patients. The proportion of Th2 cells was negatively associated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in TA patients. After treatment, Treg cells were markedly increased.ConclusionThere was a Th17-Treg cell imbalance with a significant reduction in peripheral Treg cells and an increase in Th17 cells in TA patients compared to the HCs. The levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and TNF-α appeared to be related to disease activity.