bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Biotypes Within Fields
Authors: Bhusal S J , Koch R L , Lorenz A J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae)) has been a major pest of soybean in North America since its detection in this continent in 2000 and subsequent spread. Although several aphid resistance genes have been identified, at least four soybean aphid biotypes have been discovered, with three of them being virulent on soybean cultivars with certain soybean aphid resistance genes. These biotypes are known to vary across years and locations, but information on their variation within single fields is limited. An investigation was conducted to study the variation of soybean aphid biotypes within single townships and fields in Minnesota. Screening of 28 soybean aphid isolates collected from seven soybean fields (six soybean fields in Cairo and Wellington Townships of Renville County, MN and one field in Wilmar Township of Kandiyohi County, MN) revealed the existence of multiple known biotypes of soybean aphid within single fields of soybean. We found up to three biotypes of soybean aphid in a single field. Two biotypes were found in five fields while only one field had only a single biotype. Three isolates presented reactions on a panel of resistant and susceptible indicator lines that were different from known biotypes. These results highlight the importance of characterizing soybean aphid biotypes in small geographical areas and utilizing generated knowledge to develop soybean cultivars pyramided with multiple resistance genes. The outcome will be decreased use of insecticides, thereby improving economic and environmental sustainability of soybean production.
A Crusader Duel at the Crystal Palace: The statues of Godfrey of Bouillon and Richard the Lionheart at the Great Exhibition
Authors: John Simon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article examines the display of two sculptures of medieval figures at the Great Exhibition in 1851. Those sculptures – Carlo Marochetti’s Richard Coeur de Lion and Eugène Simonis’ Godefroid de Bouillon – both honoured figures remembered as crusaders, and are better known in their permanent bronze versions that stand today in London and Brussels respectively. However, it is often overlooked that both works appeared at the exhibition, with Marochetti displaying his work on behalf of England, and Simonis exhibiting his on behalf of Belgium. Their appearance in 1851 stimulated a multi-faceted national rivalry, evidently encompassing both the two sculptors and the respective heads of state, Victoria and Leopold I of the Belgians. Drawing from written evidence and visual culture, this article traces the shared history of the sculptures at the Great Exhibition, before exploring contemporary responses to their appearance there. Its findings contribute to scholarly debates over the status of the Great Exhibition as either a peace congress or the catalyst for international competition, as well as to discussions over the cultural impact of the medieval past in the nineteenth century.
Anti-Golgi Antibody as a Potential Indicator for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Zhai Jianzhao , Liao Jing , Wang Minjin , Huang Zhuochun , Hu Jing , Xu Huan , Xie Qibing , Ma Bin , Baan Carla C , Wu Yongkang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
To reveal the relationship between anti-Golgi antibody (AGA) and clinical diseases through retrospective analysis.

Methods
The clinical data of 584 cases testing positive for AGA in the past 11 years were collected and retrospectively analyzed.

Results
AGA pattern accounted for .2% of positive ANA results. In total, 35.0% of diagnosed patients had autoimmune diseases (AID), mainly rheumatoid arthritis (RA). High-titer AGA (≧1:1000) was common in AID. In nondiagnosed patients with clinical symptoms, joint pain/muscle pain was the most common.

Conclusions
Positive AGA with high titer was closely related to RA. Joint pain/muscle pain was the most common symptom in patients who tested AGA positive. Therefore, AGA may be a key indicator of RA in the Chinese population.
On the weak-lensing masses of a new sample of galaxy groups
Authors: Gonzalez Elizabeth J , Rodriguez Facundo , Merchán Manuel , García Lambas Diego , Makler Martín , Chalela Martín , Pereira Maria E S , Moraes Bruno , Shan HuanYuan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Galaxy group masses are important to relate these systems with the dark matter halo hosts. However, deriving accurate mass estimates is particularly challenging for low-mass galaxy groups. Moreover, calibration of observational mass-proxies using weak-lensing estimates have been mainly focused on massive clusters. We present here a study of halo masses for a sample of galaxy groups identified according to a spectroscopic catalogue, spanning a wide mass range. The main motivation of our analysis is to assess mass estimates provided by the galaxy group catalogue derived through an abundance matching luminosity technique. We derive total halo mass estimates according to a stacking weak-lensing analysis. Our study allows to test the accuracy of mass estimates based on this technique as a proxy for the halo masses of large group samples. Lensing profiles are computed combining the groups in different bins of abundance matching mass, richness, and redshift. Fitted lensing masses correlate with the masses obtained from abundance matching. However, when considering groups in the low- and intermediate-mass ranges, masses computed according to the characteristic group luminosity tend to predict higher values than the determined by the weak-lensing analysis. The agreement improves for the low-mass range if the groups selected have a central early-type galaxy. Presented results validate the use of mass estimates based on abundance matching techniques, which provide good proxies to the halo host mass in a wide mass range.
Investigating lack of accretion disc eccentricity growth in a global 3D MHD simulation of a superhump system
Authors: Oyang Bryance , Jiang (姜燕飞) Yan-Fei , Blaes Omer 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a 3D global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of an AM CVn system that was aimed at exploring eccentricity growth in the accretion disc self-consistently from a first principles treatment of the MHD turbulence. No significant eccentricity growth occurs in the simulation. In order to investigate the reasons why, we ran 2D alpha disc simulations with alpha values of 0.01, 0.1, and 0.2, and found that only the latter two exhibit significant eccentricity growth. We present an equation expressing global eccentricity evolution in terms of contributing forces and use it to analyse the simulations. As expected, we find that the dominant term contributing to the growth of eccentricity is the tidal gravity of the companion star. In the 2D simulations, the alpha viscosity directly contributes to eccentricity growth. In contrast, the overall magnetic forces in the 3D simulation damp eccentricity. We also analysed the mode-coupling mechanism of Lubow, and confirmed that the spiral wave excited by the 3:1 resonance was the dominant contributor to eccentricity growth in the 2D α = 0.1 simulations, but other waves also contribute significantly. We found that the α = 0.1 and 0.2 simulations had more relative mass at larger radii compared to the α = 0.01 and 3D MHD simulation, which also had an effective α of 0.01. This suggests that in 3D MHD simulations without sufficient poloidal magnetic flux, MRI turbulence does not saturate at a high enough α to spread the disc to large enough radii to reproduce the superhumps observed in real systems.
The morpho-kinematical structure and chemical abundances of the complex planetary nebula NGC 1514
Authors: Aller A , Vázquez R , Olguín L , Miranda L F , Ressler M E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present high-resolution, long-slit optical spectra and images of the planetary nebula NGC 1514. The position velocity maps of the [O iii] emission line reveal complex kinematics with multiple structures. A morpho-kinematical analysis suggests an inner shell, originally spherical and now distorted by several bubbles, and an attached outer shell. The two well-defined, mid-infrared rings of NGC 1514 are not detected in our high-resolution, long-slit spectra, which prevented us from doing a kinematical analysis of them. Based exclusively on their morphology, we propose a barrel-like structure to explain the rings. Several ejection processes have been possibly involved in the formation of the nebula, although a time sequence is difficult to establish with the current data. We also analyse intermediate-resolution, long-slit spectra with the goal of studying the physical parameters and chemical abundances of NGC 1514. The nebular spectra reveal a moderate-excitation nebula with weak emission lines of [Ar iii], [Ne iii], He i, and He ii. Neither [N ii] nor other low-excitation emission lines are detected. We found an electron temperature around 14 000 K in the gas and an electron density in the range of 2000–4000 cm−3.
The X-ray evolution and geometry of the 2018 outburst of XTE J1810−197
Authors: Borghese A , Rea N , Turolla R , Rigoselli M , Alford J A J , Gotthelf E V , Burgay M , Possenti A , Zane S , Coti Zelati F , Perna R , Esposito P , Mereghetti S , Viganò D , Tiengo A , Götz D , Ibrahim A , Israel G L , Pons J , Sathyaprakash R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
After 15 yr, in late 2018, the magnetar XTE J1810−197 underwent a second recorded X-ray outburst event and reactivated as a radio pulsar. We initiated an X-ray monitoring campaign to follow the timing and spectral evolution of the magnetar as its flux decays using Swift, XMM–Newton, NuSTAR, and NICER observations. During the year-long campaign, the magnetar reproduced similar behaviour to that found for the first outburst, with a factor of 2 change in its spin-down rate from ∼7.2 × 10−12 to ∼1.5 × 10−11 s s−1 after two months. Unique to this outburst, we confirm the peculiar energy-dependent phase shift of the pulse profile. Following the initial outburst, the spectrum of XTE J1810−197 is well modelled by multiple blackbody components corresponding to a pair of non-concentric, hot thermal caps surrounded by a cooler one, superposed to the colder star surface. We model the energy-dependent pulse profile to constrain the viewing and surface emission geometry and find that the overall geometry of XTE J1810−197 has likely evolved relative to that found for the 2003 event.
Trace elements in dried blood spots as potential discriminating features for metabolic disorder diagnosis in newborns
Authors: Moreda-Piñeiro Jorge , Cocho José A , Couce María Luz , Moreda-Piñeiro Antonio , Bermejo-Barrera Pilar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Trace elements in dried blood spots (DBSs) from newborns were determined by laser ablation coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and data were subjected to chemometric evaluation in an attempt to classify healthy newborns and newborns suffering from metabolic disorders. Unsupervised [principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA)] and supervised [linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and soft independent modeling by class analogy (SIMCA)] pattern recognition techniques were used as classification techniques. PCA and CA have shown a clear tendency to form two groups (healthy newborns and newborns suffering from metabolic disorders). LDA and SIMCA have predicted that 90.5% and 83.9% of originally grouped healthy newborn cases were correctly classified by LDA and SIMCA, respectively. In addition, these percentages were 97.6% (LDA) and 80.6% (SIMCA) for DBSs from newborns suffering from metabolic disorders. However, SIMCA has only detected one misclassified DBS from the healthy group, and the lower percentage is attributed to four DBSs from the healthy newborn group and five DBSs from newborns with disorders that were found as belonging to both categories (healthy newborns and newborns with disorders) in the training set. LDA also gave a percentage of grouped maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) cases correctly classified of 100%, although the percentage fells to 66.7% when classifying phenylketonuria (PKU) cases. Finally, essential elements such as Fe, K, Rb, and Zn were found to be matched (correlated) with the concentration of amino acids such as phenylalanine, valine, and leucine, biomarkers linked with MSUD and PKU diseases.
The physiology and evolution of microbial selenium metabolism
Authors: Wells Michael , Basu Partha , Stolz John F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element whose compounds are widely metabolized by organisms from all three domains of life. Moreover, phylogenetic evidence indicates that selenium species, along with iron, molybdenum, tungsten, and nickel, were metabolized by the last universal common ancestor of all cellular lineages, primarily for the synthesis of the 21st amino acid selenocysteine. Thus, selenium metabolism is both environmentally ubiquitous and a physiological adaptation of primordial life. Selenium metabolic reactions comprise reductive transformations both for assimilation into macromolecules and dissimilatory reduction of selenium oxyanions and elemental selenium during anaerobic respiration. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the physiology and evolution of both assimilatory and dissimilatory selenium metabolism in bacteria and archaea, highlighting mechanisms of selenium respiration. This includes a thorough discussion of our current knowledge of the physiology of selenocysteine synthesis and incorporation into proteins in bacteria obtained from structural biology. Additionally, this is the first comprehensive discussion in a review of the incorporation of selenium into the tRNA nucleoside 5-methylaminomethyl-2-selenouridine and as an inorganic cofactor in certain molybdenum hydroxylase enzymes. Throughout, conserved mechanisms and derived features of selenium metabolism in both domains are emphasized and discussed within the context of the global selenium biogeochemical cycle.
MetaboAnalyst 5.0: narrowing the gap between raw spectra and functional insights
Authors: Pang Zhiqiang , Chong Jasmine , Zhou Guangyan , de Lima Morais David Anderson , Chang Le , Barrette Michel , Gauthier Carol , Jacques Pierre-Étienne , Li Shuzhao , Xia Jianguo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSince its first release over a decade ago, the MetaboAnalyst web-based platform has become widely used for comprehensive metabolomics data analysis and interpretation. Here we introduce MetaboAnalyst version 5.0, aiming to narrow the gap from raw data to functional insights for global metabolomics based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Three modules have been developed to help achieve this goal, including: (i) a LC–MS Spectra Processing module which offers an easy-to-use pipeline that can perform automated parameter optimization and resumable analysis to significantly lower the barriers to LC-MS1 spectra processing; (ii) a Functional Analysis module which expands the previous MS Peaks to Pathways module to allow users to intuitively select any peak groups of interest and evaluate their enrichment of potential functions as defined by metabolic pathways and metabolite sets; (iii) a Functional Meta-Analysis module to combine multiple global metabolomics datasets obtained under complementary conditions or from similar studies to arrive at comprehensive functional insights. There are many other new functions including weighted joint-pathway analysis, data-driven network analysis, batch effect correction, merging technical replicates, improved compound name matching, etc. The web interface, graphics and underlying codebase have also been refactored to improve performance and user experience. At the end of an analysis session, users can now easily switch to other compatible modules for a more streamlined data analysis. MetaboAnalyst 5.0 is freely available at https://www.metaboanalyst.ca.
PlantDeepSEA, a deep learning-based web service to predict the regulatory effects of genomic variants in plants
Authors: Zhao Hu , Tu Zhuo , Liu Yinmeng , Zong Zhanxiang , Li Jiacheng , Liu Hao , Xiong Feng , Zhan Jinling , Hu Xuehai , Xie Weibo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Characterizing regulatory effects of genomic variants in plants remains a challenge. Although several tools based on deep-learning models and large-scale chromatin-profiling data have been available to predict regulatory elements and variant effects, no dedicated tools or web services have been reported in plants. Here, we present PlantDeepSEA as a deep learning-based web service to predict regulatory effects of genomic variants in multiple tissues of six plant species (including four crops). PlantDeepSEA provides two main functions. One is called Variant Effector, which aims to predict the effects of sequence variants on chromatin accessibility. Another is Sequence Profiler, a utility that performs ‘in silico saturated mutagenesis’ analysis to discover high-impact sites (e.g., cis-regulatory elements) within a sequence. When validated on independent test sets, the area under receiver operating characteristic curve of deep learning models in PlantDeepSEA ranges from 0.93 to 0.99. We demonstrate the usability of the web service with two examples. PlantDeepSEA could help to prioritize regulatory causal variants and might improve our understanding of their mechanisms of action in different tissues in plants. PlantDeepSEA is available at http://plantdeepsea.ncpgr.cn/.
SANS (USH1G) regulates pre-mRNA splicing by mediating the intra-nuclear transfer of tri-snRNP complexes
Authors: Yildirim Adem , Mozaffari-Jovin Sina , Wallisch Ann-Kathrin , Schäfer Jessica , Ludwig Sebastian E J , Urlaub Henning , Lührmann Reinhard , Wolfrum Uwe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSplicing is catalyzed by the spliceosome, a compositionally dynamic complex assembled stepwise on pre-mRNA. We reveal links between splicing machinery components and the intrinsically disordered ciliopathy protein SANS. Pathogenic mutations in SANS/USH1G lead to Usher syndrome—the most common cause of deaf-blindness. Previously, SANS was shown to function only in the cytosol and primary cilia. Here, we have uncovered molecular links between SANS and pre-mRNA splicing catalyzed by the spliceosome in the nucleus. We show that SANS is found in Cajal bodies and nuclear speckles, where it interacts with components of spliceosomal sub-complexes such as SF3B1 and the large splicing cofactor SON but also with PRPFs and snRNAs related to the tri-snRNP complex. SANS is required for the transfer of tri-snRNPs between Cajal bodies and nuclear speckles for spliceosome assembly and may also participate in snRNP recycling back to Cajal bodies. SANS depletion alters the kinetics of spliceosome assembly, leading to accumulation of complex A. SANS deficiency and USH1G pathogenic mutations affects splicing of genes related to cell proliferation and human Usher syndrome. Thus, we provide the first evidence that splicing dysregulation may participate in the pathophysiology of Usher syndrome.
Acute decrease of urine calcium by amiloride in healthy volunteers under high-sodium diet
Authors: Harmacek Dusan , Blanchard Anne , Wuerzner Gregoire , Maillard Marc , Jeunemaitre Xavier , Azizi Michel , Bonny Olivier 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Amiloride is a competitive blocker of the epithelial sodium (Na) channel in the renal collecting duct. It is a less potent diuretic than thiazides or loop diuretics, but is often used in association with its potassium (K)-sparing profile. Whether amiloride has a hypocalciuric effect similar to thiazides remains unclear. Animal studies and experiments on cell lines suggested that amiloride increases calcium (Ca) reabsorption in the distal nephron, but human studies are scarce.

Methods
We performed a post hoc analysis of a study with 48 healthy males (mean ± standard deviation age, 23.2 ± 3.9 years) who were assigned to a high-Na/low-K diet for 7 days before receiving 20 mg of amiloride orally. Urinary excretions of electrolytes were measured at 3 and 6 h afterwards; we calculated the relative changes in urinary excretion rates after amiloride administration.

Results
The high-Na/low-K diet led to an expected suppression of plasma renin and aldosterone. Amiloride showed a mild natriuretic effect associated with a decreased kaliuresis. Urinary Ca excretion dropped substantially (by 80%) 3 h after amiloride administration and remained low at the sixth hour. At the same time, fractional excretion of lithium decreased by a third, reflecting an increased proximal tubular reabsorption.

Conclusions
During a high-Na/low-K diet, amiloride had a strong acute hypocalciuric effect, most probably mediated by increased proximal Ca reabsorption, even though a distal effect cannot be excluded. Further studies should establish if chronic amiloride or combined amiloride/thiazide treatment may decrease calciuria more efficiently and be useful in preventing kidney stones.
mRNA surveillance complex PELOTA–HBS1 regulates phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase1 and plant growth
Authors: Kong Wei , Tan Shutang , Zhao Qing , Lin De-Li , Xu Zhi-Hong , Friml Jiří , Xue Hong-Wei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The quality control system for messenger RNA (mRNA) is fundamental for cellular activities in eukaryotes. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of 3′-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase1 (PDK1), a master regulator that is essential throughout eukaryotic growth and development, we employed a forward genetic approach to screen for suppressors of the loss-of-function T-DNA insertion double mutant pdk1.1 pdk1.2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Notably, the severe growth attenuation of pdk1.1 pdk1.2 was rescued by sop21 (suppressor of pdk1.1 pdk1.2), which harbors a loss-of-function mutation in PELOTA1 (PEL1). PEL1 is a homolog of mammalian PELOTA and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) DOM34p, which each form a heterodimeric complex with the GTPase HBS1 (HSP70 SUBFAMILY B SUPPRESSOR1, also called SUPERKILLER PROTEIN7, SKI7), a protein that is responsible for ribosomal rescue and thereby assures the quality and fidelity of mRNA molecules during translation. Genetic analysis further revealed that a dysfunctional PEL1–HBS1 complex failed to degrade the T-DNA-disrupted PDK1 transcripts, which were truncated but functional, and thus rescued the growth and developmental defects of pdk1.1 pdk1.2. Our studies demonstrated the functionality of a homologous PELOTA–HBS1 complex and identified its essential regulatory role in plants, providing insights into the mechanism of mRNA quality control.