bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change of the Inclination Angle in a Pediatric Bilateral Condylar Fracture Treated With Intermaxillary Fixation and an Occlusal Stop
Authors: Wu XiaJing , Ma Sung Hwan , Hwang Kun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the outcomes of a pediatric bilateral condylar fracture treated with intermaxillary fixation (IMF) and an occlusal stop.A 6-year-old girl presented with the complaint of pain on her chin. She had fallen down, whereas riding a bicycle and her face hit the road. She had limited mouth-opening (10 mm). Panoramic radiography and computed tomography confirmed a bilateral con-dylar fracture. The inclination of the fractured condyle (IFC) was 39.2° and 42.4° on the left and right sides, respectively. On the third post-trauma day, arch bars were applied and IMF was performed with a prefabricated wafer (occlusal stop) and rubber bands. The rubber bands were changed to wires on post-IMF day (PMF) 4.Immediately after IMF, the IFCs increased (left: 50.1° and right: 68.1°). On PMF 1, the IFCs had improved (44.5° and 46.9°, respectively). On PMF 3, 12, 28, and 35, the left and right IFCs were 46.9° and 70.7°,38.9° and 72.0°,38.0° and 56.5°, and 36.4° and 44.6°, respectively. On PMF 42, the IFCs had changed to 34.5° and 36.1 °, and wires were changed to rubber bands. On PMF 49, the IFCs were 34.0° and 36.5°, and rubber bands were applied at night only. On PMF 56, the IFCs had improved to 35.0° and 34.8°, and the arch bars were removed. The changes of IFC were fitted to an exponential regression model (left: y = 44.134e0.005xand right: y = 11.378e0.043x).This case shows that pediatric bilateral mandibular condyle fractures can be treated by vertical lengthening using an occlusal stop and IMF.
Skilled maneuvering: Evaluation of a young driver advanced training program
Authors: Slinkard-Barnum Samantha A. , Gryder-Culver Laura K. , Batra Kavita , Chestovich Paul J. , Kuhls Deborah A. 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND
Young drivers (YDs) are disproportionately injured and killed in motor vehicle crashes throughout the United States. Nationally, YDs aged 16 to 20 years constituted nearly 9% of all traffic-related fatalities in 2018. A Nevada Advanced Driver Training (ADT) program for YDs aims to reduce YD traffic injuries and fatalities through four modules taught by professional drivers. The program modules include classroom-based didactic lessons and hands-on driving exercises intended to improve safe driving knowledge and behaviors. The overarching purpose of this study was to determine if the Nevada ADT program achieved its objectives for improving safe driving knowledge and behaviors based on program-provided data. A secondary purpose of this study was to provide recommendations to improve program efficiency, delivery, and evaluation. The findings of this study would serve as a basis to develop and evaluate future ADT interventions.

METHODS
The exploratory mixed methods outcome evaluation used secondary data collected during three weekend events in December 2018 and March 2019. The study population consisted of high school students with a driver’s license or learner’s permit. Pretests/posttests and preevent questionnaires on student driving history were matched and linked via personal identifiers. The pretests/posttests measured changes in knowledge of safe driving behaviors. This study used descriptive statistics, dependent samples t test, Pearson’s r correlation coefficient, and χ2 (McNemar’s test) with significance set at p = 0.05, 95% confidence interval. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 24 (Armonk, NY). Qualitative data analysis consisted of content and thematic analysis.

RESULTS
Responses from YD participants (N = 649) were provided for analysis. Aggregate YD participant knowledge of safe driving behaviors increased from a mean of 43.9% (pretest) to 74.9% (posttest).

CONCLUSION
The program achieved its intended outcomes of improving safe driving knowledge and behaviors among its target population.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic/Epidemiologic, Level V.
Twenty years review of probiotic meta-analyses articles: Effects on disease prevention and treatment
Authors: Farahmandi Kajal , Sulaimany Sadegh , Kalhor Kambiz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe study of the probiotic effect in the prevention or treatment of diseases has long attracted the attention of many researchers. Here, we collected close to 300 meta-analysis articles for 20 years, investigating the effect of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of diseases. The goal of this study is to provide an overview of all meta-analysis articles of the effects of probiotics on various human diseases. For this purpose, different online databases, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, were searched with the keywords “probiotics” + “disease” + “meta-analysis” in the title, abstract, and keywords. Papers studied and categorized and investigated in order to present valuable insights for researchers in the field. Some of main categories are based on publication year, publishing journals, gender, age, effect type, disease type, contradicting reports and etc. According to the results, most meta-analyses indicated probiotics were 79% effective in preventing or treating the diseases. Some articles have also reported no positive effects, but there is not any paper in our study confirming the detrimental influence of probiotic effect on human health. For the future works, Cochrane reviews, meta-analysis including dozens of articles (as e.g. for NEC and AAD) may be investigated.
A quantitative evaluation of aerosol generation during manual facemask ventilation
Authors: Shrimpton A. J. , Brown J. M. , Gregson F. K. A. , Cook T. M. , Scott D.A. , McGain F. , Humphries R. S. , Dhillon R. S. , Bzdek B. R. , Hamilton F. , Reid J. P. , Pickering A. E. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryManual facemask ventilation, a core component of elective and emergency airway management, is classified as an aerosol generating procedure. This designation is based on a single epidemiological study suggesting an association between facemask ventilation and transmission from the SARS 2003 outbreak. There is no direct evidence to indicate whether facemask ventilation is a high-risk procedure for aerosol generation. We conducted aerosol monitoring during routine facemask ventilation, and facemask ventilation with an intentionally generated leak, in anaesthetised patients with neuromuscular blockade. Recordings were made in ultraclean theatres and compared against the aerosol generated by the patient’s own tidal breathing and coughs. Respiratory aerosol from tidal breathing was reliably detected above the very low background particle concentrations (191 (77-486 [3.8-1313]) versus 2.1 (0.7-4.6 [0-12.9] particles.l-1 median(IQR)[range], n=11, p=0.002). The average aerosol concentration detected during facemask ventilation both without a leak (3.0 particles.l-1 (0 – 9 [0-43])) and with an intentional leak (11 particles.l-1 (7.0 – 26 [1-62])) was 64-fold and 17-fold lower than that of tidal breathing (p=0.001 and p=0.002 respectively). The peak particle concentration during facemask ventilation both without a leak (60 particles.l-1 (0 – 60 [0-120])) and with a leak (120 particles.l-1 (60 – 180 [60-480]) were respectively 20-fold and 10-fold lower than a cough (1260 particles (800 – 3242 [100-3682]), p=0.002 and p=0.001 respectively). This study demonstrates that facemask ventilation, even performed with an intentional leak, does not generate high levels of bioaerosol. On the basis of this evidence, facemask ventilation should not be considered an aerosol generating procedure.
Prospective cohort study reveals unexpected aetiologies of livestock abortion in northern Tanzania
Authors: Thomas Kate M. , Kibona Tito , Claxton John R. , de Glanville William A. , Lankester Felix , Amani Nelson , Buza Joram J. , Carter Ryan W. , Chapman Gail E. , Crump John A. , Dagleish Mark P. , Halliday Jo E. B. , Hamilton Clare M. , Innes Elisabeth A. , Katzer Frank , Livingstone Morag , Longbottom David , Millins Caroline , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Mosha Victor , Nyarobi James , Nyasebwa Obed M. , Russell George C. , Sanka Paul N. , Semango George , Wheelhouse Nick , Willett Brian J. , Cleaveland Sarah , Allan Kathryn J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLivestock abortion is an important cause of productivity losses worldwide and many infectious causes of abortion are zoonotic pathogens that impact on human health. Little is known about the relative importance of infectious causes of livestock abortion in Africa, including in subsistence farming communities that are critically dependent on livestock for food, income, and wellbeing. We conducted a prospective cohort study of livestock abortion, supported by cross-sectional serosurveillance, to determine aetiologies of livestock abortions in livestock in Tanzania. This approach generated several important findings including detection of a Rift Valley fever virus outbreak in cattle; high prevalence of C. burnetii infection in livestock; and the first report of Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, and pestiviruses associated with livestock abortion in Tanzania. Our approach provides a model for abortion surveillance in resource-limited settings. Our findings add substantially to current knowledge in sub-Saharan Africa, providing important evidence from which to prioritise disease interventions.
Data Preparation of the nuMoM2b Dataset
Authors: Goretsky Anton , Dmitrienko Anastasia , Tang Irene , Lari Nicolae , Kunhardt Owen , Khan Raiyan Rashid , Marcussen Cassandra , Catto Adam , Mallia Daniel , Leshchenko Alisa , Lin Adam (Yun Chao) , Raja Anita , Salleb-Aouissi Ansaf , Pe’er Itsik , Wapner Ronald , Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn 2010, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) started the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-be (nuMoM2b), a prospective cohort study of a racially/ethnically/geographically diverse population of nulliparous women with singleton gestation. The nuMoM2b is a very large dataset, consisting of data for 10,038 patients with over 4,600 features per patient, spread out over 80 files. In this report, we share our experience preparing and working with this dataset. We present our data preprocessing of the nuMoM2b dataset to get a deeper understanding of the data, extract the most relevant features, make the fewest assumptions when filling in unknown values, and reducing the dimensionality of the data. We hope this report is useful to researchers interested in building machine learning and statistical models from the nuMoM2b dataset.
The relationship between autoantibodies targeting GPCRs and the renin-angiotensin system associates with COVID-19 severity
Authors: Cabral-Marques Otavio , Halpert Gilad , Schimke Lena F. , Ostrinski Yuri , Zyskind Israel , Lattin Miriam T. , Tran Florian , Schreiber Stefan , Marques Alexandre H.C. , Filgueiras Igor Salerno , Plaça Desirée Rodrigues , Baiocchi Gabriela Crispim , Freire Paula Paccielli , Fonseca Dennyson Leandro M. , Humrich Jens Y. , Lange Tanja , Müller Antje , Giil Lasse M. , Graßhoff Hanna , Schumann Anja , Hackel Alexander Maximilian , Junker Juliane , Meyer Carlotta , Ochs Hans D. , Lavi Yael Bublil , Schulze-Forster Kai , Silvergerg Jonathan I. , Amital Howard , Zimmerman Jason , Heidecke Harry , Rosenberg Avi Z , Riemekasten Gabriela , Shoenfeld Yehuda 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can evolve to clinical manifestations resembling systemic autoimmune diseases, with the presence of autoantibodies that are still poorly characterized. To address this issue, we performed a cross-sectional study of 246 individuals to determine whether autoantibodies targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-related molecules were associated with COVID-19-related clinical outcomes. Moderate and severe patients exhibited the highest autoantibody levels, relative to both healthy controls and patients with mild COVID-19 symptoms. Random Forest, a machine learning model, ranked anti-GPCR autoantibodies targeting downstream molecules in the RAS signaling pathway such as the angiotensin II type 1 and Mas receptor, and the chemokine receptor CXCR3 as the three strongest predictors of severe disease. Moreover, while the autoantibody network signatures were relatively conserved in patients with mild COVID-19 compared to healthy controls, they were disrupted in moderate and most perturbed in severe patients. Our data indicate that the relationship between autoantibodies targeting GPCRs and RAS-related molecules associates with the clinical severity of COVID-19, suggesting novel molecular pathways for therapeutic interventions.
PRMT5 promotes symmetric dimethylation of RNA processing proteins and modulates activated T cell alternative splicing and Ca2+/NFAT signaling
Authors: Sengupta Shouvonik , West Kelsi O. , Sanghvi Shridhar , Laliotis Georgios , Agosto Laura M. , Lynch Kristen , Tsichlis Philip , Singh Harpreet , Patrick Kristin , Guerau-de-Arellano Mireia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProtein Arginine Methyltransferase (PRMT) 5 is the major type 2 methyltransferase catalyzing symmetric dimethylation (SDM) of arginine. PRMT5 inhibition or deletion in CD4 Th cells reduces TcR engagement-induced IL-2 production and Th cell expansion and confers protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of Multiple Sclerosis. However, the mechanisms by which PRMT5 modulates T helper (Th) cell proliferation are still not completely understood and neither are the methylation targets in T cells. In this manuscript, we uncover the role of PRMT5 on alternative splicing (AS) in activated T cells and identify several targets of PRMT5 SDM involved in splicing. In addition, we find a possible link between PRMT5 mediated AS of Trpm4 (Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M Member 4) and TcR/NFAT signaling/IL-2 production. This understanding may guide development of drugs targeting these processes to benefit patients with T cell-mediated diseases.
Deficiency of the lysosomal protein CLN5 alters lysosomal function and movement
Authors: Basak Indranil , Hansen Rachel A. , Ward Michael E. , Hughes Stephanie M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBatten disease is a devastating childhood rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by rapid deterioration of cognition and movement, leading to death within ten to thirty years of age. One of the thirteen Batten disease forms, CLN5 Batten disease, is caused by mutations in the CLN5 gene leading to motor deficits, mental deterioration, cognitive impairment, visual impairment, and epileptic seizures in children. A characteristic pathology in CLN5 Batten disease is the defects in lysosomes, leading to neuronal dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to investigate the lysosomal changes in CLN5-deficient human neurons. We used an induced pluripotent stem cell system, which generates pure human cortical-like glutamatergic neurons. Using CRISPRi, we inhibited the expression of CLN5 in human neurons. The CLN5-deficient human neurons showed neutralised lysosomal acidity and reduced lysosomal enzyme activity measured by microscopy and flow cytometry. Furthermore, the CLN5-deficient human neurons also showed impaired lysosomal movement – a phenotype that has never been reported in CLN5 Batten disease. Lysosomal trafficking is key to maintain local degradation of cellular wastes, especially in long neuronal projections and our results from the human neuronal model present a key finding to understand the underlying lysosomal pathology in neurodegenerative diseases.
Plasticity and repeatability in spring migration and parturition dates with implications for annual reproductive success
Authors: Laforge Michel P. , Webber Quinn M. R. , Vander Wal Eric 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnimals are faced with unprecedented challenges as environmental conditions change. Animals must display behavioral plasticity to acclimate to changing conditions, or phenotypic variation must exist within the population to allow for natural selection to change the distribution of trait values. The timing of migration and parturition relative to important annual environmental changes such as snowmelt and vegetation green-up and how they co-vary may influence reproductive success. We tested for plasticity and individual differences in migration and parturition timing as a function of the timing of snowmelt and green-up in a migratory herbivore (caribou;Rangifer tarandus,n= 92) using behavioral reaction norms. We tested whether timing of parturition, plasticity in parturition timing, or timing of green-up were correlated with calf survival. Migration and parturition timing were plastic to the timing of spring conditions, and we found moderate repeatability for migration timing, but no repeatability in timing of parturition. We detected a novel behavioral syndrome where timing of migration and timing of parturition were correlated. Our results suggest that observed shifts in caribou parturition timing in other populations are due to plasticity as opposed to an evolutionary response to changing conditions. We did not detect a correlation between annual reproductive success and either the timing of spring or plasticity to the timing of spring events. While this provides evidence that many populations may be buffered from the consequences of climate change via plasticity, we caution that a lack of repeatability in parturition timing could impede adaptation as climate warming increases.Significance StatementAnimals have evolved to reproduce when resources are abundant. Climate change has altered the timing of annual events, resulting in earlier peaks in resource abundance. Animals can cope with this change in two ways. Individuals can display plasticity and alter the timing of reproductive activities to match the change in the environment, or consistent differences among individuals can result in sufficient variation to drive an evolutionary response. We tested these two alternative hypotheses in caribou (Rangifer tarandus) using an individual-based modelling framework. Caribou displayed plasticity in both when they migrated and gave birth, suggesting they can acclimate to changing conditions, but we did not find evidence of differences among individuals that would be likely to result in an evolutionary response.
Clinically-relevant T cell expansion protocols activate distinct cellular metabolic programs and phenotypes
Authors: MacPherson Sarah , Keyes Sarah , Kilgour Marisa , Smazynski Julian , Sudderth Jessica , Turcotte Tim , Devlieger Adria , Yu Jessie , Huggler Kimberly S. , Cantor Jason R. , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Siatskas Christopher , Lum Julian J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEx vivo expansion conditions used to generate T cells for immunotherapy are thought to adopt metabolic phenotypes that impede therapeutic efficacy in vivo. The comparison of five different culture media used for clinical T cell expansion revealed unique optima based on different output variables including proliferation, differentiation, function, activation and mitochondrial phenotypes. T cells adapted their metabolism to match their media expansion condition as shown by glucose and glutamine uptake, and patterns of glucose isotope labeling. However, adoption of these metabolic phenotypes was uncoupled to T cell function. Furthermore, T cell products cultured in ascites from ovarian cancer patients displayed suppressed mitochondrial activity and function irrespective of the ex vivo expansion media. In one case, culturing in ascites resulted in increased glucose uptake which was insufficient to rescue T cell function. Thus, ex vivo T cell expansion conditions have profound impacts on metabolism and function.
Pairs and Pairix: a file format and a tool for efficient storage and retrieval for Hi-C read pairs
Authors: Lee Soohyun , Vitzthum Carl , Alver Burak H. , Park Peter J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSummaryAs the amount of three-dimensional chromosomal interaction data continues to increase, storing and accessing such data efficiently becomes paramount. We introduce Pairs, a block-compressed text file format for storing paired genomic coordinates from Hi-C data, and Pairix, an open-source C application to index and query Pairs files. Pairix (also available in Python and R) extends the functionalities of Tabix to paired coordinates data. We have also developed PairsQC, a collapsible HTML quality control report generator for Pairs files.AvailabilityThe format specification and source code are available at https://github.com/4dn-dcic/pairix, https://github.com/4dn-dcic/Rpairix and https://github.com/4dn-dcic/pairsqc.Contactpeter_park@hms.harvard.edu or burak_alver@hms.harvard.edu
Biochemically distinct cohesin complexes mediate positioned loops between CTCF sites and dynamic loops within chromatin domains
Authors: Liu Yu , Dekker Job 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThe ring-like cohesin complex mediates sister chromatid cohesion by encircling pairs of sister chromatids. Cohesin also extrudes loops along chromatids. Whether the two activities involve similar mechanisms of DNA engagement is not known. We implemented an experimental approach based on isolated nuclei carrying engineered cleavable RAD21 proteins to precisely control cohesin ring integrity so that its role in chromatin looping could be studied under defined experimental conditions. This approach allowed us to identify cohesin complexes with distinct biochemical, and possibly structural properties, that mediate different sets of chromatin loops. When RAD21 is cleaved and the cohesin ring is opened, cohesin complexes at CTCF sites are released from DNA and loops at these elements are lost. In contrast, cohesin-dependent loops within chromatin domains and that are not anchored at CTCF sites are more resistant to RAD21 cleavage. The results show that the cohesin complex mediates loops in different ways depending on genomic context and suggests that it undergoes structural changes as it dynamically extrudes and encounters CTCF sites.