bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of Pinene in Purple Non-Sulfur Photosynthetic Bacteria
Authors: Wu Xiaomin , Ma Guang , Liu Chuanyang , Qiu Xin-yuan , Min Lu , Kuang Jingyu , Zhu Lingyun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Pinene is a monoterpene, that is used in the manufacture of fragrances, insecticide, fine chemicals, and renewable fuels. Production of pinene by metabolic-engineered microorganisms is a sustainable method. Purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria belong to photosynthetic chassis that are widely used to synthesize natural chemicals. To date, researches on the synthesis of pinene by purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria has not been reported, leaving the potential of purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria synthesizing pinene unexplored. Results: Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain was applied as a model and engineered to express the fusion protein of heterologous geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS) and pinene synthase (PS), hence achieving pinene production. The reaction condition of pinene production was optimized and 97.51 μg/L of pinene was yielded. Then, genes of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase and isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase were overexpressed, and the ribosome binding site of GPPS-PS mRNA was optimized, improving pinene titer to 539.84 μg/L. Conclusions: In this paper, through heterologous expression of GPPS-PS, pinene was successfully produced in R. sphaeroides, and pinene production was greatly improved by optimizing the expression of key enzymes. This is the first report on pinene produce by purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria, which expands the availability of photosynthetic chassis for pinene production.
SLAM/SAP&nbsp;Decreased Follicular Regulatory T Cells in Patients With Graves’ Disease&nbsp;
Authors: Geng Lina , Yang Jun , Tang Xinyi , Peng Huiyong , Tian Jie , Hu Zhigang , Liu Yingzhao , Xu Huaxi , Wang Shengjun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) and SLAM-associated protein (SAP) play important role in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Our study aimed to detect the expression of SLAM and SAP in patients with Graves’ disease (GD) and analyze the effect of SLAM/SAP on circulating blood CD4+CXCR5+ Foxp3+ follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells.Methods: The expression of SLAM and SAP was assessed by flow cytometry and real-time PCR. The percentages of IFN-γ+ cells, IL-4+ cells, IL-17+ cells and Foxp3+ cells in CD4+CXCR5+ T cells and circulating CD4+CXCR5+ Foxp3+ Tfr cells after treatment with anti-SLAM and anti-CD3 antibodies were also assessed by flow cytometry. The correlations between the percentages of Tfr cells and the levels of autoantibodies as well as SAP were analyzed.Results: The level of SAP in CD4+CXCR5+ T cells and the level of SLAM on CD19+ B cells were significantly increased in the patients with GD, but no significant difference in the level of SLAM on CD4+CXCR5+ T cells was observed between the patients with GD and the healthy controls. A decrease in the percentage of Foxp3+ cells in CD4+CXCR5+ T cells was observed following anti-SLAM treatment, but the percentages of IFN-γ+ cells, IL-4+ cells and IL-17+ cells showed no obvious differences. The proportion of circulating Tfr cells was decreased in the patients with GD, and the proportion of circulating Tfr cells had a negative correlation with the level of SAP in CD4+CXCR5+ T cells and the levels of autoantibodies in the serum of the patients with GD.Conclusions: Our results indicate that the SLAM/SAP signaling pathway regulates Tfr cells, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of Graves’ disease.
The Effect of Tartaric and Citric Acid as a Complexing Agent on Defect Structure and Conductivity of Copper Samarium Co-doped Ceria Prepared by a Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Method
Authors: Duangsa Kornrawit , Tangtrakarn Apishok , Mongkolkachit Charustporn , Aungkavattana Pavadee , Moolsarn Klitsada 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Risk Factors for Periprocedural Ischemic Stroke following Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Zhang Yisen , Wang Chao , Tian Zhongbin , Zhu Wei , Li Wenqiang , Yang Xinjian , Liu Jian , Zhang Ying 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the risk factors of periprocedural ischemic stroke associated with endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms using a real-world prospective database.MethodsFrom August 2016 to March 2017, 200 patients with 217 aneurysms who underwent 206 endovascular procedures were enrolled. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to examine the risk factors for periprocedural ischemic stroke.ResultsAmong the 206 endovascular procedures, periprocedural ischemic stroke occurred in 23 procedures (11.17%). After univariate analysis, the ischemic group had a higher proportion of large (≥ 10 mm) aneurysms than the control group (39.1% vs. 20.2%, p = 0.040). The incidence of periprocedural ischemic stroke was higher in cases treated by flow diverter (18.60%) or stent-assisted coiling (12.28%) than in cases treated by coiling only (2.04%), and the differences were statistically significant (p = 0.036). After multivariate logistic regression analysis, treatment modality was the independent risk factor for periprocedural ischemic stroke. Compared with the coiling-only procedure, flow diverter therapy was associated with a significantly higher rate of periprocedural ischemic stroke (OR 13.839; 95% CI 1.617–118.416; p = 0.016). Stent-assisted coiling also tended to present more often with periprocedural ischemic stroke than coiling alone (OR 7.559; 95% CI 0.958–59.618; p = 0.055).Conclusions﻿Aneurysm size and treatment modality were associated with periprocedural ischemic stroke. Larger aneurysms were associated with increased risk of periprocedural ischemic stroke. Flow diverter therapy was associated with significantly more periprocedural ischemic stroke than the coiling procedure alone.
Effectiveness of Photon-initiated Photoacoustic Streaming in Root Canal Models With Different Width or Taper
Authors: Wen Cheng , Kong Yuanyuan , Zhao Jian , Li Yang , Shen Ya , Yang Xuechao , Jiang Qianzhou 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the sterilization effect of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) in different widths or different tapers root canal systems.Methods: Artificial root canal samples (n=480) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=160/group). The canals were prepared into size #10/.02, #25/.02 or #25/.06. Four different irrigation solutions were activated with conventional needle irrigation (CNI) or laser-activated irrigation (LAI). Bacterial suspensions and biofilms were assessed with adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) assay kit and fluorescent microscopy.Results: When the root canal taper is 0.02, size #10 with LAI had a significant reduction of the bacteria than #25 with CNI (P < .05). When the apical width is 25, taper 0.02 with LAI had a significant reduction of the bacteria than taper 0.06 with CNI (P < .05). 5.25% NaOCl attained superior antibacterial and bacteriostatic effects as compared to the other irrigants, followed by 2% NaOCl. 2% and 5.25% NaOCl combined with PIPS can effectively enhance the long-term antibacterial effect of root canal after incubation for 6 hours.Conclusions: Compared with CNI, PIPS have stronger ability to remove bacteria in root canals with a small preparation width and a small taper. PIPS with 2% and 5.25% NaOCl can have superior antibacterial and bacteriostatic effects.
Blood Mercury Levels in Relation to Overweight in Korean Children and Adolescents: Results From The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2013
Authors: CHO KY YOUNG 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous researches for adults have demonstrated a substantial role of mercury exposure in the development of overweight and obesity development, but those findings are inconsistent. Although children and adolescents are more susceptible to the toxic effect of mercury compared to adults, the research of overweight and obesity related to mercury exposure in children and adolescent is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the association of blood mercury levels with body mass index (BMI) in Korean children and adolescents.Methods: The cross-sectional data analyzed were obtained from 1327 participants (age: 10-18 years, 672 males and 655 females) who completed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2013. The adjusted covariates were age, sex, household income, total intake of seafood in the previous 24 hours, and current status of alcohol consumption and smoking. Results: The adjusted geometric mean blood mercury level was 2.19 µg/L and increased significantly in the overweight group and the highest seafood consumption quartile compared with the level in the normal weight group and lowest seafood consumption quartile, respectively (P < 0.001). The adjusted blood mercury levels were significantly positively correlated with BMI in all participants and females (P < 0.05). When stratified by age and sex, all participants and males in the highest blood mercury level quartile were at higher risk of overweight than those in the lowest quartile (odds ratios [95% confidential intervals, CIs]: 1.78 [1.06-2.98], and 2.06 [1.01-4.23], respectively) after adjusting for the covariates (P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis of blood mercury levels for predicting overweight revealed that the area under the curve was 0.603 (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Our study suggested a significant association between mercury exposure and the risk of overweight in Korean children and adolescents.
Public Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices towards COVID-19 and assessment of risks of infection: An online cross-sectional survey in India
Authors: Suresh Arumuganainar , Konwarh Rocktotpal , Singh Anand Pratap 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The global debacle, ushered in by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) needs no elaboration. India has documented 10.5 million cases, of which 10.1 million have recovered while more than 151 thousand people have succumbed to the pandemic as of January 10, 2021. Of late, the second wave of the infection and new variants of the virus have also surfaced across various latitudes and longitudes of the globe. Various control measures have been adopted globally, however, the success and effectiveness of the control measures are affected by people’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards the pandemic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the level of KAP toward COVID-19 among the Indian public. A cross-sectional online survey of Indian public was conducted between 18th May 2020 and 24th June 2020. The survey questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics, pertaining to knowledge (15 items), attitude (10 items), and practices (7 items), modified from a previously published questionnaire on COVID-19. A total of 566 persons completed the survey. The overall correct rate and the average score of the knowledge questionnaire were 75.8 % and 13.6 ± 2.7 respectively. Attitude and practice scores were respectively 3.55 ± 0.45/5 and 2.75 ± 0.43/3 towards COVID-19, respectively. Maximum respondents demonstrated moderate level of knowledge (67.6 %) and attitude (96 %) while 81.9 % were found to follow good practices towards the pandemic. A positive correlation was observed between knowledge towards practice and attitude towards practices. Despite the good practice skills, a considerable percentage (6 %) of respondents never wore nose masks, washed hands, and maintained social distance during the outbreak. By the same token, 3.2 %, and 14.9 % of the public were in high and in the medium risk of infection, respectively. Due to the limited sample, we must be cautious when generalizing these findings to whole populations. Nevertheless, the study highlighted the indispensability of befitting health education programs aimed at improving KAP among the mass.
Gene Expression Profiles Underlying Aggressive Behavior in the Prefrontal Cortex of Cattle
Authors: Eusebi Paulina G. , Sevane Natalia , O´Rourke Thomas , Pizarro Manuel , Boeckx Cedric , Dunner Susana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Aggressive behavior is an ancient and conserved trait habitual for most animals in order to eat, protect themselves, compete for mating and defend their territories. Genetic factors have been shown to play an important role in the development of aggression both in animals and humans, displaying moderate to high heritability estimates. Although, such types of conducts have been studied in different animal models, the molecular architecture of aggressiveness remains poorly understood. This study compared gene expression profiles of 16 prefrontal cortex (PFC) samples from aggressive and non-aggressive cattle breeds: Lidia, selected for agonistic responses, and Wagyu, selected for tameness. Results: A total of 918 up-regulated and 278 down-regulated DEG were identified. The functional interpretation of the up-regulated genes in the aggressive cohort revealed enrichment of pathways such as the Alzheimer disease-presenilin, integrins or the ERK/MAPK signaling cascade, all implicated in the development of abnormal aggressive behaviors and neurophysiological disorders. Moreover, gonadotropins, are also up-regulated as natural mechanisms enhancing aggression. Concomitantly, heterotrimeric G-protein pathways, associated with low reactivity mental states, and the GAD2 gene, a repressor of agonistic reactions associated with PFC activity, are down-regulated, promoting the development of the aggressive responses selected for in Lidia cattle. We also identified six upstream regulators, whose functional activity fits with the etiology of abnormal behavioral responses associated with aggression. Conclusions: These transcriptional correlates of aggression, resulting, at least in part, from controlled artificial selection, can provide valuable insights into the complex architecture that underlies naturally developed agonistic behaviors.This analysis constitutes a first important step towards the identification of the genes and metabolic pathways that impulse aggression in cattle and, hence, we are providing a novel species as model organism for disentangling the mechanisms underlying variability in aggressive behavior.
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Epidemiology of Knee and Shoulder Arthroscopy Procedures in a University Hospital Department in Poland
Authors: Kazubski Krystian , Tomczyk Łukasz , Morasiewicz Piotr 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of our study was to comprehensively assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on knee and shoulder arthroscopies performed in an orthopedic department of a university hospital in Poland.Methods: This study compared the data on shoulder and knee arthroscopy procedures performed in two different periods: the period of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland (from March 4, 2020 to October 15, 2020) and the corresponding period prior to the pandemic (March 4, 2019–October 15, 2019). The study evaluated epidemiological data, demographic data, and hospital stay duration.Results: The total number of arthroscopy procedures conducted in the evaluated period in 2020was approximately 8.6% higher than that in the corresponding 2019 period.The mean duration of hospital stay for orthopedic patients after their knee or shoulder arthroscopy was 3.1 days in 2020 and 2.8 days in 2019. Our study revealed the mean age of arthroscopy patients during the pandemic to be lower at 48.4 years than the 51.2 years recorded in 2019.The male-to-female ratio was shown to be lower at 0.85 during the pandemic, having decreased from 1.5 in 2019Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic did not reduce the number of arthroscopies performed at our center and the mean age of the patients did not change. However, the pandemic had a marked effect on the mean duration of hospital stay and male-to-female ratio.
The Anterior Capsule of the Hip Joint Is a Major Hindrance to the Surgical Treatment of Basicervical Intertrochanteric Fractures: A Single Center, Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Shin Won Chul , Moon Nam Hoon , Jang Jae Hoon , Jung Seok Jin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe basicervical intertrochanteric fracture has recently received considerable attention as one of the major risk factors for failure of internal fixation. We aimed to analyze the anatomical characteristics of basicervical intertrochanteric fractures related to their surgical outcomes using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) and to determine the causes for the high failure rate of surgery.MethodsBetween May 2015 and October 2019, 226 patients with intertrochanteric fracture of the femur including 58 basicervical types who were treated with femoral nail were evaluated. Following data were collected to find out the risk factors for surgical failure: fracture patterns (unstable or basicervical type), tip apex distance, type of postoperative reduction (acceptable or unacceptable), and continuity of anterior capsule for logistic regression analysis to determine the risk factors for surgical failuresResultsUnion was achieved in 215 patients (95.1%), with 11 surgical failures (4.9%), including 10 non-unions (4.6%) and 1 osteonecrosis of the femoral head (0.4%). Seven surgical failures (8.7%) were identified in the unstable fracture group, 6 (10.3%) in the basicervical type group, and 10 (19.6%) in the unacceptable reduction group. Multivariate analysis showed that unstable fracture (OR 10.311, 95% CI 1.165 – 91.229, p = 0.036), basicervical type (OR 11.564, 95% CI 1.339 – 99.872, p = 0.026), and unacceptable reduction (OR 28.364, 95% CI 3.428 – 234.695, p = 0.002) were significant predictors for surgical failure. Unacceptable reduction (OR 13.180, 95% CI 1.336 – 130.059, p = 0.027) was the only risk factor for surgical failure in the basicervical intertrochanteric fracture group. A chi-square test showed that an intact anterior capsule was statistically correlated with surgical failure (p = 0.043) and unacceptable reduction (p = 0.008).ConclusionsBecause the intact anterior capsule of the hip joint may hinder achieving acceptable reduction, the evaluation of the anterior capsule should be included as an important preoperative assessment for the surgical treatment of basicervical intertrochanteric fracture.Level of Evidence﻿Level III, retrospective cohort study
Individualized, Low-Cost And Accessible Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program Based On Functional Clinical Tests For Individuals With Copd– A Study Protocol Of A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: SILVA Marcela Maria Carvalho da , ARCURI JULIANO FERREIRA , LORENZO VALERIA AMORIM PIRES DI 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Backgroud:Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) present pulmonary and extrapulmonary impairments. In order to mitigate these impairments, pulmonary rehabilitation programs (PRP) it is an important strategy but the access to PRP in specialized center is limited and the studied of low-cost home rehabilitation programs had non-individualized prescription, which might have led to insignificant positive effects. So, it is important to develop new low-cost protocols that involves individualized prescription, and the influence of physiotherapist supervision. The aim of this study was to describe an accessible, low-cost and individualized pulmonary rehabilitation protocol and compare its results when performing it with or without a weekly physiotherapist-supervised session on patients with COPD. Methods: This is a descriptive protocol of a clinical trial with parallel equivalent groups, conducted at the Spirometry and Respiratory Physical Therapy Laboratory of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). The trial was registered at Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBec) URL: http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-533hht/ with Register Number RBR-533hht. The sample size was 40 patients and was calculated using the results of a pilot study.Discussion- potencial impact and significance of the study: It is expected that the low cost and new supervised rehabilitation program complemented with home exercises will present positive results especially on exercise capacity, which will make available a more accessible and effective PRP for patients with COPD.Trial registration: The name of the registry was Responsibility of functional tests on supervised rehabilitation program and education program in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,with registration number: RBR-533hht. The date of registration and start data was September 20, 2018.
Syphilis Infection During Pregnancy will Increases the Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy- Results from A Case-Control Study in China
Authors: Zhang Xiangyi , Yang Huixin , Sun Lixin , Hu Jing , Li Mujinyan , Li Fande , An Shuqi , Zhang Siwen , Wang Taijun , Zhen Qing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe incidence of pregnancy syphilis remains at a high level in China. Studies investigating the influencing factors of pregnancy syphilis are mainly concentrated in economically developed areas. Limited studies were conducted in northern China. This study mainly aimed to explore the related factors of pregnancy syphilis and examine the association with the risk of Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.MethodsThis case-control study compared pregnancy syphilis cases, matched (1:1) to non-syphilitic pregnant women controls by age, which was diagnosed in Changchun between January 2014 and December 2018. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify potential correlates of HDP in syphilis populations. Then a propensity score-matched method was conducted to match pregnancy syphilis with and without HDP, and further we explore the related factors of HDP in syphilis by multivariable logistic regression.ResultsIn our study, the median age of syphilis in the case group was 28 years (range 16-53 years). A high rate of syphilis-HDP co-infection（49/349, 12.3%）was observed in syphilis patients and further research revealed an association between syphilis and HDP. Multivariate analysis indicated HDP in syphilis was independently associated with Dysmenorrhea [adjusted odds ratio (a OR) 5.413, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.410-12.158], Maternal anemia (a OR 3.808, 95% CI 1.833-7.911), Total cholesterol (a OR 3.144, 95% CI 1.485-6.655).ConclusionSyphilis infection in pregnancy associate with the increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, attention should also be paid to the occurrence of HDP in the lower age group, to further prevent the occurrence of stroke, cardiovascular disease. Besides, Dysmenorrhea, Maternal anemia, Total cholesterol may be risk factors for HDP in syphilis.
Chamber Specification During Direct Cardiac Reprogramming
Authors: Zhang Zhentao , Villalpando Jesse , Zhang Wenhui , Nam Young-Jae 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Forced expression of core cardiogenic transcription factors can directly reprogram fibroblasts to induced cardiomyocyte-like cells (iCMs) in vitro and in vivo. This cardiac reprogramming approach provides a proof of concept for induced heart regeneration by converting a fibroblast fate to a cardiomyocyte fate. However, it remains elusive whether chamber-specific cardiomyocytes can be generated by cardiac reprogramming. Therefore, we assessed the ability of the cardiac reprogramming approach for chamber specification in vitro and in vivo. We found that in vivo cardiac reprogramming post-myocardial infarction exclusively generates ventricular-like iCMs, while a major fraction of iCMs generated in vitro fail to determine their chamber identities. Our results indicate that in vivo cardiac reprogramming may have an inherent advantage of generating chamber-matched new cardiomyocytes as a potential heart regenerative approach.