bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerating Additive Design With Probabilistic Machine Learning
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Karnati Sreekar , Nag Soumya , Johnson Neil , Khan Genghis , Ribic Brandon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has been growing rapidly to transform industrial applications. However, the fundamental mechanism of AM has not been fully understood which resulted in low success rate of building. A remedy is to introduce surrogate modeling based on experimental dataset to assist additive design and increase design efficiency. As one of the first papers for predictive modeling of AM especially direct energy deposition (DED), this paper discusses a bidirectional modeling framework and its application to multiple DED benchmark designs including: (1) forward prediction with cross-validation, (2) global sensitivity analyses, (3) backward prediction and optimization, and (4) intelligent data addition. Approximately 1150 mechanical tensile test samples were extracted and tested with input variables from machine parameters, postprocess, and output variables from mechanical, microstructure, and physical properties.
Novel Molybdenite-Based Nanopowder Catalysts for Hydrodesulfurization
Authors: Fedushchak T. A. , Uimin M. A. , Maikov V. V. , Akimov A. S. , Zhuravkov S. P. , Vosmerikov A. V. , Prosvirin I. P. , Velichkina L. M. , Stepanov A. A. , Kogan V. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Novel bulk single-component sulfide catalysts were prepared under the
conditions of solid-phase dispersion of МoS2 molybdenite
at various mechanical treatment times and various amounts of polar and nonpolar
liquid microadditives. The chemical degradation of the samples in the air was
found to lead to the formation of surface sulfate anions that shield
catalytically active Mo sites. Indirect correlations of the hydrodesulfurization
ability of MoS2 powders with the concentration of sulfate
anions on their surface, and with the aqueous pH in the powder suspensions,
including the dielectric permittivity of the organic dopants, can serve as
reference indicators of high catalytic activity in the model reaction of
dibenzothiophene hydrogenolysis. The study identified the most active sample
able to run for an extended time during multiple cycles without losing its
catalytic properties. Also, the paper discusses the dibenzothiophene conversion
routes, the product composition, the probable structure of active sites in the
catalysts, and the desulfurization degree of diesel fuel components.
Rare case of obstetric cholestasis presenting in the first trimester following in vitro fertilisation
Authors: Koh Krystal , Kathirvel Rajeswari , Mathur Manisha 
Published: July 2021

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) generally presents in the third trimester with pruritus without a rash, characterised by elevated bile acids, with or without transaminitis and hyperbilirubinaemia. Risk factors include a family history of cholestasis, South Asian ethnicity, multifetal gestation, in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and history of hepatitis or biliary disorders.IVF involves the use of high dose gonadotropin stimulation and human chorionic gonadotropin trigger. High doses of progesterone supplementation are additionally given after embryo transfer. The increase in oestrogen and progesterone levels early on in the pregnancy is a possible explanation for the development of ICP in IVF pregnancies at earlier gestations.We present a rare case of iatrogenic ICP presenting in the first trimester in a pregnancy conceived by IVF. Unlike other cases reported, our patient did not have recurrence of ICP in the third trimester, and also had no history of ICP in her first pregnancy.
Performance of the Innova SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid lateral flow test in the Liverpool asymptomatic testing pilot: population based cohort study
Authors: García-Fiñana Marta , Hughes David M , Cheyne Christopher P , Burnside Girvan , Stockbridge Mark , Fowler Tom A , Fowler Veronica L , Wilcox Mark H , Semple Malcolm G , Buchan Iain 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
To assess the performance of the SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid lateral flow test (LFT) versus polymerase chain reaction testing in the asymptomatic general population attending testing centres.

Design
Observational cohort study.

Setting
Community LFT pilot at covid-19 testing sites in Liverpool, UK.

Participants
5869 asymptomatic adults (≥18 years) voluntarily attending one of 48 testing sites during 6-29 November 2020.

Interventions
Participants were tested using both an Innova LFT and a quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) test based on supervised self-administered swabbing at testing sites.

Main outcome measures
Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of LFT compared with RT-qPCR in an epidemic steady state of covid-19 among adults with no classic symptoms of the disease.

Results

Of 5869 test results, 22 (0.4%) LFT results and 343 (5.8%) RT-qPCR results were void (that is, when the control line fails to appear within 30 minutes). Excluding the void results, the LFT versus RT-qPCR showed a sensitivity of 40.0% (95% confidence interval 28.5% to 52.4%; 28/70), specificity of 99.9% (99.8% to 99.99%; 5431/5434), positive predictive value of 90.3% (74.2% to 98.0%; 28/31), and negative predictive value of 99.2% (99.0% to 99.4%; 5431/5473). When the void samples were assumed to be negative, a sensitivity was observed for LFT of 37.8% (26.8% to 49.9%; 28/74), specificity of 99.6% (99.4% to 99.8%; 5431/5452), positive predictive value of 84.8% (68.1% to 94.9%; 28/33), and negative predictive value of 93.4% (92.7% to 94.0%; 5431/5814). The sensitivity in participants with an RT-qPCR cycle threshold (Ct) of <18.3 (approximate viral loads >10
6
RNA copies/mL) was 90.9% (58.7% to 99.8%; 10/11), a Ct of <24.4 (>10
4
RNA copies/mL) was 69.4% (51.9% to 83.7%; 25/36), and a Ct of >24.4 (<10
4
RNA copies/mL) was 9.7% (1.9% to 23.7%; 3/34). LFT is likely to detect at least three fifths and at most 998 in every 1000 people with a positive RT-qPCR test result with high viral load.

Conclusions
The Innova LFT can be useful for identifying infections among adults who report no symptoms of covid-19, particularly those with high viral load who are more likely to infect others. The number of asymptomatic adults with lower Ct (indicating higher viral load) missed by LFT, although small, should be considered when using single LFT in high consequence settings. Clear and accurate communication with the public about how to interpret test results is important, given the chance of missing some cases, even at high viral loads. Further research is needed to understand how infectiousness is reflected in the viral antigen shedding detected by LFT versus the viral loads approximated by RT-qPCR.
Clinical outcomes of patients with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab in a US community MS center: an observational study
Authors: Smoot Kyle , Chen Chiayi , Stuchiner Tamela , Lucas Lindsay , Grote Lois , Cohan Stanley 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundTo monitor long-term outcomes of ocrelizumab treatment.ObjectiveTo evaluate safety and treatment outcomes of ocrelizumab in a community-based multiple sclerosis (MS) population.MethodsAdult patients with MS prescribed ocrelizumab were eligible. Chart reviews were conducted at the start of ocrelizumab treatment and every 6 months thereafter.ResultsOf the 355 patients enrolled, 71.9% were female; mean (SD) age was 51.8 (12.5) years; 78.3% had relapsing MS (RMS). Median baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (IQR) was 3.0 (2.0–4.0) for RMS, 6.5 (6.0–7.5) for secondary progressive MS, and 6.5 (6.0–7.0) for primary progressive MS. Respiratory infections occurred in 40.1% and urinary tract infections in 33.1% of patients. There was no difference in the percentage of infections among patients <55 (68.5%, n=122), and those ≥55 of age (67.5%, n=104) (p=0.94). Twenty-five hospitalisations were due to infections; 69.2% of these patients were ≥55 with a mean EDSS of 5.7 (±1.86). Four patients have died. Serum IgM and IgG levels did not predict infection risk. Annualised relapse rate was 0.34 for the patients with RMS in the preceding 2 years and 0.09 in patients who received ≥2 ocrelizumab 600 mg courses. The first on-treatment MRI was stable in 262 (90.0%) patients, 6.9% had new T2 lesions, 2.7% had enlarging T2 lesions and 1.4% had gadolinium-enhancing lesions. Median EDSS at 12 months was unchanged.ConclusionOcrelizumab effectively controlled relapse risk and disability worsening. Although only 12.1% of patients have discontinued ocrelizumab, infections resulting in hospitalisation are a concern, especially in older and disabled patients.
Rationale and protocol for the efficacy, safety and tolerability of nangibotide in patients with septic shock (ASTONISH) phase IIb randomised controlled trial
Authors: Francois Bruno , Lambden Simon , Gibot Sebastien , Derive Marc , Olivier Aurelie , Cuvier Valerie , Witte Stephan , Grouin Jean-Marie , Garaud Jean Jacques , Salcedo-Magguilli Margarita , Levy Mitchell , Laterre Pierre-François 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionSeptic shock is the subgroup of patients with sepsis, which presents as vasopressor dependence, an elevated blood lactate concentration and is associated with a mortality of at least 30%. Expression of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) pathway, measured using a serum biomarker of pathway activation (soluble TREM-1, sTREM-1) has been associated with outcome in septic shock. Preclinical and early phase patient data suggest that therapeutic modulation of this pathway may improve survival.Methods and analysisEfficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Nangibotide in Patients with Septic Shock is a phase IIb randomised controlled trial that will take place in up to 50 centres in seven countries and recruit 450 patients with septic shock to receive either placebo or one of two doses of nangibotide, a novel regulator of the TREM-1 pathway. The primary outcome will be the impact of nangibotide therapy on the change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score from a baseline determined before initiation of study drug therapy. This will be assessed first in the patients with an elevated sTREM-1 level and then in the study population as a whole. In addition to safety, secondary outcomes of the study will include efficacy of nangibotide in relation to sTREM-1 levels in terms of organ function, mortality and long-term morbidity. This study will also facilitate the development of a novel platform for the measurement of sTREM-1 at the point of care.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the responsible ethics committees/institutional review boards in all study countries: Belgium: Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen, France: CPP Ile de France II, Denmark: Region Hovedstaden, Spain: ethics committee from Valld’Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Finland: Tukija, Ireland: St. James’ Hospital (SJH) / Tallaght University Hospital (TUH) Joint Research Ethics Committee, USA: Lifespan, ProvidenceTrial registration numbersEudraCT Number: 2018-004827-36 andNCT04055909.
Study protocol of a phase 2, dual-centre, randomised, controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of probiotic and egg oral immunotherapy at inducing desensitisation or sustained unresponsiveness (remission) in participants with egg allergy compared with placebo (Probiotic Egg Allergen Oral Immunotherapy for Treatment of Egg Allergy: PEAT study)
Authors: Loke Paxton , Chebar Lozinsky Adriana , Orsini Francesca , Wong Lydia Su-Yin , Leung Agnes Sze-Yin , Tham Elizabeth Huiwen , Lopata Andreas L , Shek Lynette Pei-Chi , Tang Mimi LK 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionEgg allergy is the most common food allergy in children but recent studies have shown persistence or delayed resolution into adolescence. As there is currently no effective long-term treatment, definitive treatments that improve quality of life and prevent fatalities for food allergies are required. We have previously shown that a novel treatment comprising a combination of the probioticLactobacillus rhamnosusCGMCC 1.3724 with peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) is highly effective at inducing sustained unresponsiveness, with benefit persisting to 4 years after treatment cessation in the majority of initial treatment responders. In this study, we plan to extend the probiotic food OIT platform to another allergen, namely egg. We describe the protocol for a phase 2, dual-centre, randomised, controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of probiotic and egg OIT at inducing desensitisation or sustained unresponsiveness (remission) in participants with egg allergy compared with placebo.Methods and analysis80 participants aged 5–30 years of age with current egg allergy confirmed by double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge at study screening will be recruited from Australia and Singapore. There are two intervention arms—probiotic and egg OIT (active) or placebo. Interventions are administered once daily for 18 months. The primary outcome is the proportion of participants who attain 8-week sustained unresponsiveness in the active group versus placebo group.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committees at the Royal Children’s Hospital (HREC 2019.082) and the National Healthcare Group Domain Specific Review Board (2019/00029). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated via presentations at international conferences.Trial registration numberACTRN12619000480189.
Contrast extravasation and outcome of endovascular therapy in acute ischaemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Tao , Wang You , Yuan Jinxian , Chen Yangmei , Luo Haiyan 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveContrast extravasation (CE) after endovascular therapy (EVT) is commonly present in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients. Substantial uncertainties remain about the relationship between CE and the outcomes of EVT in patients with AIS. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate this association.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies were performed.Data sourceWe systematically searched the Medline and Embase databases for relevant clinical studies. The last literature search in databases was performed in June 2020.Eligibility criteria for study selectionWe included studies exploring the associations between CE and the outcomes of EVT in patients with AIS undergoing EVT.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers extracted relevant information and data from each article independently. We pooled ORs with CIs using a random-effects meta-analysis to calculate the associations between CE and outcomes of EVT. The magnitude of heterogeneity between estimates was quantified with the I2statistic with 95% CIs.ResultsFifteen observational studies that enrolled 1897 patients were included. Patients with CE had higher risks of poor functional outcome at discharge (2.38, 95% CI 1.45 to 3.89 p=0.001; n=545) and poor functional outcome at 90 days (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.90; n=1194). We found no association between CE and in-hospital mortality (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.27 to 3.30; n=376) or 90-day mortality (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.81 to 2.36; n=697) after EVT. Moreover, CE was associated with higher risks of post-EVT intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) (OR 6.68, 95% CI 3.51 to 12.70; n=1721) and symptomatic ICH (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.97 to 5.40; n=1092).ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that in patients with AIS undergoing EVT, CE is associated with higher risks of unfavourable functional outcomes and ICH. Thus, we should pay more attention to CE in patients with AIS undergoing EVT.
Secondary analyses to test the impact on inequalities and uptake of the schools-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme by stage of implementation of a new consent policy in the south-west of England
Authors: Fisher Harriet , Evans Karen , Reynolds Rosy , Yates Julie , Roderick Marion , Ferrie Jo , Macleod John , Hickman Matthew , Audrey Suzanne 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo test the impact on inequalities and uptake of the schools-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme by stage of implementation of a new policy providing additional opportunities to consent.SettingTwo local authorities in the south-west of England.ParticipantsYoung women (n=7129) routinely eligible for HPV vaccination aged 12–13 years during the intervention period (2017/2018 to 2018/2019 programme years).InterventionsLocal policy change that included additional opportunities to provide consent (parental verbal consent and adolescent self-consent).OutcomesSecondary analyses of cross-sectional intervention data were undertaken to examine uptake by: (1) receipt of parental written consent forms and; (2) percentage of unvaccinated young women by stage of implementation.ResultsDuring the intervention period, 6341 (89.0%) eligible young women initiated the HPV vaccination series. Parental written consent forms were less likely to be returned where young women attended alternative education provider settings (p<0.001), belonged to non-white British ethnic groups (p<0.01) or more deprived quintiles (p<0.001). Implementation of parental verbal consent and adolescent self-consent reduced the percentage of unvaccinated young women from 21.3% to 16.5% (risk difference: 4.8%). The effect was greater for young women belonging to the most deprived compared with the least deprived quintile (risk difference: 7.4% vs 2.3%, p<0.001), and for young women classified as Unknown ethnic category compared with white British young women (6.7% vs 4.2%, p<0.001). No difference was found for non-white British young women (5.4%, p<0.21).ConclusionsLocal policy change to consent procedures that allowed parents to consent verbally and adolescents to self-consent overcame some of the barriers to vaccination of young women belonging to families less likely to respond to paper-based methods of gaining consent and at greater risk of developing cervical cancer.Trial registration number49 086 105.
Prevalence and risk factors of worry among teachers during the COVID-19 epidemic in Henan, China: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Li Quanman , Tarimo Clifford Silver , Wu Cuiping , Miao Yudong , Wu Jian 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the level of worry and its influencing factors during the COVID-19 epidemic among teachers in Henan Province in China.Study designA cross-sectional study was conducted.MethodsWe designed a cross-sectional survey that included 88 611 teachers from three cities in Henan Province, China between 4 February 2020 and 12 February 2020. Level of worry was measured using a five-item Likert scale, with 1 being ‘not worried’ and 5 being ‘very worried’. The OR and 95% CI of potential influencing factors for level of worry among study participants were estimated using ordinal logistic regression models.ResultsAbout 59% of teachers reported being ‘very worried’ about the COVID-19 epidemic. The proportion of female teachers was higher than of male teachers (60.33% vs 52.89%). In all age groups considered in this study, a ‘very worried’ condition accounted for the highest proportion. The age group 40–49 years had the lowest proportion of participants who were very worried, 52.34% of whom were men and 58.62% were women. After controlling for potential confounding factors, age, education level, type of teacher, school location, attention level, fear level, anxiety level and behaviour status were all related to level of worry (all p<0.05).ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 epidemic, there was a high proportion of teachers who were ‘very worried’ about the situation in Henan Province, China. Our study may remind policymakers to consider factors including age, educational status, type of teacher, school location, source of information on COVID-19, attention level, anxiety level, fear level and behaviour status to alleviate worry.
Role of efficient testing and contact tracing in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic: a network modelling study
Authors: Hu Yiying , Guo Jianying , Li Guanqiao , Lu Xi , Li Xiang , Zhang Yuan , Cong Lin , Kang Yanni , Jia Xiaoyu , Shi Xuanling , Xie Guotong , Zhang Linqi 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesThis study quantified how the efficiency of testing and contact tracing impacts the spread of COVID-19. The average time interval between infection and quarantine, whether asymptomatic cases are tested or not, and initial delays to beginning a testing and tracing programme were investigated.SettingWe developed a novel individual-level network model, called CoTECT (Testing Efficiency and Contact Tracing model for COVID-19), using key parameters from recent studies to quantify the impacts of testing and tracing efficiency. The model distinguishes infection from confirmation by integrating a ‘T’ compartment, which represents infections confirmed by testing and quarantine. The compartments of presymptomatic (E), asymptomatic (I), symptomatic (Is), and death with (F) or without (f) test confirmation were also included in the model. Three scenarios were evaluated in a closed population of 3000 individuals to mimic community-level dynamics. Real-world data from four Nordic countries were also analysed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSimulation result: total/peak daily infections and confirmed cases, total deaths (confirmed/unconfirmed by testing), fatalities and the case fatality rate. Real-world analysis: confirmed cases and deaths per million people.Results(1) Shortening the duration between Is and T from 12 to 4 days reduces infections by 85.2% and deaths by 88.8%. (2) Testing and tracing regardless of symptoms reduce infections by 35.7% and deaths by 46.2% compared with testing only symptomatic cases. (3) Reducing the delay to implementing a testing and tracing programme from 50 to 10 days reduces infections by 35.2% and deaths by 44.6%. These results were robust to sensitivity analysis. An analysis of real-world data showed that tests per case early in the pandemic are critical for reducing confirmed cases and the fatality rate.ConclusionsReducing testing delays will help to contain outbreaks. These results provide policymakers with quantitative evidence of efficiency as a critical value in developing testing and contact tracing strategies.
Development and internal validation of a simple prognostic score for early sepsis risk stratification in the emergency department
Authors: Liu Bofu , Li Dongze , Cheng Yisong , Yu Jing , Jia Yu , Zhang Qin , Liu Yanmei , Cao Yu 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesNo validated, simple, powerful and continuously monitorable risk prediction tools are available for patients with sepsis during the early phases in the emergency department (ED). We sought to derive a novel Simple Sepsis Early Prognostic Score (SSEPS) composed of physiological indicators that do not depend on laboratory tests and that can be used by emergency clinicians in predicting outcomes in patients with sepsis.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis of a collected data source.ParticipantsPatients with sepsis admitted to the ED of the West China Hospital of Sichuan University between July 2015 and June 2016 were included. We excluded patients who were pregnant, those with cardiac or respiratory arrest, and those using vasoactive drugs before admission to the ED.Primary outcome measures28-day all-cause mortality.ResultsThe SSEPS consisted of age, heart rate, respiratory rate and altered consciousness. Patients in the development cohort with higher SSEPS had a significantly higher mortality (first tertile vs second tertile vs third tertile: 12.5% vs 28.6% vs 53.5%, p<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for SSEPS was 0.762 (95% CI 0.686 to 0.838), which was similar to Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) (area under the curve: 0.745, 95% CI 0.692 to 0.798) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) (area under the curve: 0.750, 95% CI 0.681 to 0.819). Moreover, the decision curve analysis showed that the net benefit of SSEPS was higher than SOFA and APACHE II at any probability threshold.ConclusionThe SSEPS is simple and useful for clinicians in stratifying high-risk patients with sepsis at the early phase of ED admission.