bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le Dr Max Fourestier ou le chant du cygne de l’ère médicale en éducation physique scolaire
Authors: Laffage-Cosnier Sébastien 
Published: September 2021

La place des médecins en éducation physique scolaire depuis la fin du XIX e siècle est bien réelle. De nombreux universitaires ont déjà publié des travaux qui révèlent le rôle et l’influence de la médecine au sein de ce champ de l’éducation. Le Dr Max Fourestier fait sans aucun doute partie des derniers médecins qui marquent de leur empreinte la sphère de l’EPS. En 1950, Max Fourestier met en place le mi-temps pédagogique et sportif à l’école Gambetta de Vanves qui articule les activités intellectuelles le matin et les activités physiques l’après-midi. Ainsi, l’enjeu majeur de cette étude consiste à montrer que les innovations scolaires de Vanves ont, d’un côté, mis en valeur une riche imbrication des conceptions dynamique, quantitative et normative de la santé explicitées par Georges Canguilhem, mais de l’autre, ont paradoxalement participé à la mise à l’écart et à la diminution symbolique du rôle du médecin en EPS dans un contexte de profondes restructurations administratives. Au final, il s’agira de s’interroger sur la symbolique de cette chute qui semble aller de pair avec la fin de l’ère dite médicale de l’éducation physique scolaire.
Improving the oxidative stability of breadsticks with ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) and ginseng (Panax ginseng) dried extracts
Authors: Hammad K.S.M. , Morsy N.F.S. , Abd El-Salam E.A. 
Published: September 2021

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of natural antioxidants instead of synthetic ones. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of ginkgo and ginseng dried extracts as natural antioxidants on the stability of lipids in breadsticks over 55 days of storage at room temperature compared to butylated hydroxytoluene. Ginkgo and ginseng dried extracts were incorporated individually into breadstick formulae at levels of 0.5 and 1% to enhance its oxidative stability in storage. The increases in peroxide, p-anisidine and Totox values in the oil phase of the samples during storage were monitored. The changes in hydroperoxide, trans fatty acid and aldehyde contents were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The sensory analysis was performed to evaluate the perceptible changes occurring during storage. The results indicated that the oxidation of oil in breadstick samples can be retarded by enriching the breadstick formula with dried ginseng extract at a 1% level.
Antecedents of Customer Adoption on Digital Banking with Special Reference to Non-Banking Financial Institutes in Sri Lanka
Authors: Madusanka K. A. E. , Kumari D. A. T. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The principal destinations of this examination are to contemplate and recognize the variables affecting the appropriation of digital banking among non-bank clients in Sri Lanka. Design: A survey was carried out by using structured self-administered questionnaire. As the study is mainly focused on exploring the antecedents of adopting to the digital banking of non-banking organizations of the country, the target population were all the customers who are using digital banking services provided by non-banking organizations in the Sri Lankan context. Accordingly, the sample was based on 300 customers of the digital banking services provided by main players of the industry. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical tools and PLS based SEM was adopted to test the hypotheses. Findings: The researcher has identified the factors; perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk, customer trust, compatibility and information quality affect customer adoption on digital banking among non-bank clients. Originality: The study attempts to distinguish and examine the most significant and practical predecessors that can impact the advanced financial appropriation of non-monetary establishments considering the client's perspective. The study has chosen the TAM model for examining exact discoveries due to its nearby pertinence to the examination question. In view of the chosen model (TAM), however, numerous studies demonstrate that web ease of use, security, data quality, trust, administration quality, comfort, and protection are the main components in the reception of advanced banking by clients.
The PD-1 Regulatory Axis Inhibits T Cell–Independent B Cell Memory Generation and Reactivation
Authors: Spurrier M Ariel , Jennings-Gee Jamie E , Daly Christina A , Haas Karen M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The inability of T cell–independent type 2 (TI-2) Ags to induce recall responses is a poorly understood facet of humoral immunity, yet critically important for improving vaccines. Using normal and VHB1–8 transgenic mice, we demonstrate that B cell–intrinsic PD-1 expression negatively regulates TI-2 memory B cell (Bmem) generation and reactivation in part through interacting with PDL1 and PDL2 on non–Ag-specific cells. We also identified a significant role for PDL2 expression on Bmems in inhibiting reactivation and Ab production, thereby revealing a novel self-regulatory mechanism exists for TI-2 Bmems. This regulation impacts responses to clinically relevant vaccines, because PD-1 deficiency was associated with significantly increased Ab boosting to the pneumococcal vaccine after both vaccination and infection. Notably, we found a B cell–activating adjuvant enabled even greater boosting of protective pneumococcal polysaccharide-specific IgG responses when PD-1 inhibition was relieved. This work highlights unique self-regulation by TI-2 Bmems and reveals new opportunities for significantly improving TI-2 Ag-based vaccine responses.
The Development and Survival of Thymic Epithelial Cells Require TSC1-Dependent Negative Regulation of mTORC1 Activity
Authors: Liang Zhanfeng , Zhang Qian , Zhang Zhaoqi , Sun Lina , Dong Xue , Li Tianxiu , Tan Liang , Xie Xubiao , Sun Liguang , Zhao Yong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are critical for the development and generation of functionally competent T cells. Until now, the mechanism that regulates the survival of TECs is poorly understood. In the current study, we found that Tsc1 controls the homeostasis of medullary TECs (mTECs) by inhibiting lysosomal-mediated apoptosis pathway in mice. TEC-specific deletion of Tsc1 predominately decreased the cell number of mTECs and, to a lesser content, affected the development cortical TECs. The defect of mTECs caused by Tsc1 deficiency in mice impaired thymocyte development and peripheral T cell homeostasis. Mechanistically, Tsc1 deficiency did not affect the cell proliferation of mTECs but increased the apoptosis of mTECs significantly. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that pathways involved in lysosomal biogenesis, cell metabolism, and apoptosis were remarkably elevated in Tsc1-deficient mTECs compared with their wild-type counterparts. Tsc1-deficient mTECs exhibited overproduction of reactive oxygen species and malfunction of lysosome, with lysosome membrane permeabilization and the release of cathepsin B and cathepsin L to the cytosol, which then lead to Bid cleaved into active truncated Bid and subsequently intrinsic apoptosis. Finally, we showed that the impaired development of mTECs could be partially reversed by decreasing mTORC1 activity via haploinsufficiency of Raptor. Thus, Tsc1 is essential for the homeostasis of mTECs by inhibiting lysosomal-mediated apoptosis through mTORC1-dependent pathways.
Antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties of Haloxylon salicornicum extracted by microwave-assisted extraction
Authors: Yousif Aala A. , Al-Shawi Ali A.A. , Hameed Mustafa F. 
Published: September 2021

Background
The wild plant Haloxylon salicornicum is a desert shrub species that is present in North America and some Middle Eastern countries and is used as a source of vegetation. The reports demonstrated the significance of its bioactive compounds by extracting them with different solvents, such as hexane, methanol, and water fractions using standard extraction methods and evaluating their biological functions as antioxidants, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory.

Objective
To analyze the chemical compositions of H. salicornicum extracted by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities.

Materials and methods
In this research, ethanol solvent and simple MAE with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis were used to classify the chemical compositions, and the ethanol extract was evaluated for antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl process, antibacterial activity, anticancer activity using liver cancer cells (HCAM) through apoptosis (AO/EB staining), and flow cytometry analysis for apoptosis and cell cycle arrest ratios.

Results and conclusion
The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry study revealed ∼33 compounds. H. salicornicum antioxidant activity was IC50=4.120 μg/ml as compared with vitamin C IC50=4.898 μg/ml as a positive regulation. Antibacterial activity of H. salicornicum extract showed a significant inhibition toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
H. salicornicum cytotoxicity against liver cancer cells (HCAM) at 1000 μg/ml showed a significant inhibition ratio (42.35%). The AO/EB staining revealed DNA damage and apoptosis in the morphology of the cells. Early and late apoptosis were established, and the cell cycle was stopped in G1 phase. Our findings indicate that H. salicornicum is a valuable medicinal plant with biological applications. As a result, future research will focus on isolating the responsible natural molecules using MAE and mechanic studies.
Behavioral Models of Population Inhabiting the Fortresses in the South of Russia in the 17th century (as Documented in Voronezhsky, Kozlovsky and Tambovsky counties)
Authors: Lyapin Denis A. , Mizis Yuri A. 
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the process of formation of the main behavioral patterns of the population of the southern counties during the period of the settlement in and development of the South of Russia in the 17th century. The authors analyze the behavior of migrants to the steppe periphery of the country, on the basis of large archival source. An important place in the development of steppe territories was occupied by fortresses, which were military, political and religious centers for the counties. The strong influence of collectivist principles is noted in the article. Particular attention is paid to studying the dynamics of changes in the social environment in the South of Russia, the formation of property stratification, the emergence of individualism. It is argued in the paper that social changes were associated with shifts in the behavioral models of the inhabitants of the fortresses: if at the early stage of its existence the population of the towns consisted of a single mass of the servicemen, then the second half of the 17th century is characterized by a gradual destruction of social cohesion. The behavioral models of servants and townspeople were determined by the desire for personal gain, material wealth, and individual benefits. This was due to the increase in the number and importance of townspeople, whose lives were a constant competition. Discovered shifts of behavioral patterns are indicative of important changes in society.
ORNAMENTS OF LAPO BATAKIN KUALA TANJUNG, BATUBARA REGENCY A SEMIOTICS INTERPRETATION
Authors: Manullang Elisa Betty , Lizasadela Windy 
Published: September 2021

This article aims to clarify the semiotic meaning in Lapo Batak ornaments in Kuala Tanjung, Batubara Regency. The data of this study were taken from the interpretation from Batak Toba people who live in Kuala Tanjung, Batubara Regency is located in North Sumatera Indonesia in interpreting their cultural symbols. In clarifying the data, the writer was conducted by using qualitative method. The result showed the semiotic meaning and how the cultural values were realized in Lapo Batak ornaments. The dates were analysed by using Roland Barthes’ order of signification theory; denotation, connotation, and myth to emphasize the interaction between the sign with the personal cultural experience of the viewers, and the interaction between convention in the sign with the conventions experienced and expected by viewers. The writer found that the interpretations of the personal cultural experience from the viewers were still far from the Batak Toba convention (myth) in interpreting the ornaments.
Prototype of IoT-Based Fruit Alcohol Level Measurement Tool
Authors: Nursila Nursila , Ilham Dirja Nur , Yunan Amsar , Harahap Muhammad Khoiruddin , Candra Rudi Arif 
Published: September 2021

The effect of alcohol on health is very large if you consume too much, and the fact that excessive alcohol levels can interfere with digestion can cause eye function disorders, decreased brain and nerve function as well as cancer. Knowing the alcohol content in fruits that are suitable for consumption by the body from an early age is very important. Based on this problem, this study aims to create a prototype measuring instrument for the alcohol content of fruits using the Blynk application. This circuit consists of 3 circuits, namely the input part in the form of an Mq3 sensor, the control part in the form of Nodemcu, and the output port in the form of the Blynk application. From the results of testing tools for four samples including durian, grapes, papaya, and apples for 25 times the test of the fruit is peeled for the next 2 hours the average percentage of durian alcohol content is 28.57%, grapes are 12.68%, papaya is 5.79 %, and apples by 18.6%. In this study, there is also the notification facility to the third smartphone that the alcohol content exceeds the alcohol content which is not good from the value set on the device.
Manejo de secuelas de defectos del esmalte en paciente con Síndrome Muenke: Reporte de caso
Authors: Huamán Ochoa Anahí Francisca , Torres Ramos Gilmer , Medrano Hernández María , López Ramos Roxana Patricia 
Published: September 2021

Resumen: El síndrome Muenke se caracteriza por retraso del desarrollo y pérdida auditiva neurosensorial. Personas que presentan síndromes podrían presentar defectos del desarrollo del esmalte. Sin embargo, en personas con síndrome Muenke no existe evidencia sobre la presencia y el manejo de las secuelas de estos defectos. Objetivo: Describir el manejo de secuelas de los defectos del desarrollo del esmalte en dientes primarios con un procedimiento odontológico integral en sala de operaciones de paciente con síndrome Muenke. Caso Clínico: Paciente de 2 años de edad, sexo masculino, con diagnóstico sistémico de Síndrome Muenke y diagnóstico odontológico: fracturas post eruptivas del defecto del esmalte extensión I (< 1/3 del diente) y II (de 1/3 a 2/3 del diente) en los dientes anteroinferiores y fracturas post eruptivas del defecto del esmalte extensión III (> 2/3 del diente) de los dientes 62 y 52. El manejo clínico de estas secuelas, realizadas en sala de operaciones, fueron con: carillas de resina compuestas fotopolimerizable que permitieron restaurar las fracturas post eruptivas del defecto del esmalte extensión I y II de los dientes antero inferiores; y en los dientes 62 y 52 con fracturas post eruptivas del defecto del esmalte extensión III fueron rehabilitadas con coronas de resina compuesta fotopolimerizable a mano alzada. Conclusión: El manejo de las secuelas de los defectos de desarrollo del esmalte, en paciente con Síndrome Muenke, se consideró clínicamente positivo; pues después de 6 meses los dientes tratados no presentaron dolor espontáneo, ni se observó fistulas o absceso, ni movilidad dentaria.
Ice and mixed-phase cloud statistics on the Antarctic Plateau
Authors: Cossich William , Maestri Tiziano , Magurno Davide , Martinazzo Michele , Di Natale Gianluca , Palchetti Luca , Bianchini Giovanni , Del Guasta Massimo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Statistics on the occurrence of clear skies, ice clouds, and mixed-phase clouds over Concordia Station, in the Antarctic Plateau, are provided for multiple timescales and analyzed in relation to simultaneous meteorological parameters measured at the surface. Results are obtained by applying a machine learning cloud identification and classification (CIC) code to 4 years of measurements between 2012–2015 of downwelling high-spectral-resolution radiances, measured by the Radiation Explorer in the Far Infrared – Prototype for Applications and Development (REFIR-PAD) spectroradiometer. The CIC algorithm is optimized for Antarctic sky conditions and results in a total hit rate of almost 0.98, where 1.0 is a perfect score, for the identification of the clear-sky, ice cloud, and mixed-phase cloud classes. Scene truth is provided by lidar measurements that are concurrent with REFIR-PAD. The CIC approach demonstrates the key role of far-infrared spectral measurements for clear–cloud discrimination and for cloud phase classification. Mean annual occurrences are 72.3 %, 24.9 %, and 2.7 % for clear sky, ice clouds, and mixed-phase clouds, respectively, with an inter-annual variability of a few percent. The seasonal occurrence of clear sky shows a minimum in winter (66.8 %) and maxima (75 %–76 %) during intermediate seasons. In winter the mean surface temperature is about 9 ∘C colder in clear conditions than when ice clouds are present. Mixed-phase clouds are observed only in the warm season; in summer they amount to more than one-third of total observed clouds. Their occurrence is correlated with warmer surface temperatures. In the austral summer, the mean surface air temperature is about 5 ∘C warmer when clouds are present than in clear-sky conditions. This difference is larger during the night than in daylight hours, likely due to increased solar warming.
Monthly mean results are compared to cloud occurrence and fraction derived from gridded (Level 3) satellite products from both passive and active sensors.
The differences observed among the considered products and the CIC results are analyzed in terms of footprint sizes and sensors' sensitivities to cloud optical and geometrical features. The comparison highlights the ability of the CIC–REFIR-PAD synergy to identify multiple cloud conditions and study their variability at different timescales.
The Bouraké semi-enclosed lagoon (New Caledonia) – a natural laboratory to study the lifelong adaptation of a coral reef ecosystem to extreme environmental conditions
Authors: Maggioni Federica , Pujo-Pay Mireille , Aucan Jérome , Cerrano Carlo , Calcinai Barbara , Payri Claude , Benzoni Francesca , Letourneur Yves , Rodolfo-Metalpa Riccardo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. According to current experimental evidence, coral reefs could disappear within the century if CO2 emissions remain unabated. However, recent discoveries of diverse and high cover reefs that already live under extreme conditions suggest that some corals might thrive well under hot, high-pCO2, and deoxygenated seawater. Volcanic CO2 vents, semi-enclosed lagoons, and mangrove estuaries are unique study sites where one or more ecologically relevant parameters for life in the oceans are close to or even worse than currently projected for the year 2100. Although they do not perfectly mimic future conditions, these natural laboratories offer unique opportunities to explore the mechanisms that reef species could use to keep pace with climate change. To achieve this, it is essential to characterize their environment as a whole and accurately consider all possible environmental factors that may differ from what is expected in the future, possibly altering the ecosystem response. This study focuses on the semi-enclosed lagoon of Bouraké (New Caledonia, southwest Pacific Ocean) where a healthy reef ecosystem thrives in warm, acidified, and deoxygenated water. We used a multi-scale approach to characterize the main physical-chemical parameters and mapped the benthic community composition (i.e., corals, sponges, and macroalgae). The data revealed that most physical and chemical parameters are regulated by the tide, strongly fluctuate three to four times a day, and are entirely predictable. The seawater pH and dissolved oxygen decrease during falling tide and reach extreme low values at low tide (7.2 pHT and 1.9 mg O2 L−1 at Bouraké vs. 7.9 pHT and 5.5 mg O2 L−1 at reference reefs). Dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH fluctuate according to the tide by up to 4.91 mg O2 L−1, 6.50 ∘C, and 0.69 pHT units on a single day. Furthermore, the concentration of most of the chemical parameters was 1 to 5 times higher at the Bouraké lagoon, particularly for organic and inorganic carbon and nitrogen but also for some nutrients, notably silicates. Surprisingly, despite extreme environmental conditions and altered seawater chemical composition measured at Bouraké, our results reveal a diverse and high cover community of macroalgae, sponges, and corals accounting for 28, 11, and 66 species, respectively. Both environmental variability and nutrient imbalance might contribute to their survival under such extreme environmental conditions. We describe the natural dynamics of the Bouraké ecosystem and its relevance as a natural laboratory to investigate the benthic organism's adaptive responses to multiple extreme environmental conditions.
Filtering method based on cluster analysis to avoid salinity drifts and recover Argo data in less time
Authors: Romero Emmanuel , Tenorio-Fernandez Leonardo , Castro Iliana , Castro Marco 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Currently there is a huge amount of freely available hydrographic data, and it is increasingly important to have easy access to it and to be provided with as much information as possible. Argo is a global collection of around 4000 active autonomous hydrographic profilers. Argo data go through two quality processes, real time and delayed mode. This work shows a methodology to filter profiles within a given polygon using the odd–even algorithm; this allows analysis of a study area, regardless of size, shape or location. The aim is to offer two filtering methods and to discard only the real-time quality control data that present salinity drifts. This takes advantage of the largest possible amount of valid data within a given polygon. In the study area selected as an example, it was possible to recover around 80 % in the case of the first filter that uses cluster analysis and 30 % in the case of the second, which discards profilers with salinity drifts, of the total real-time quality control data that are usually discarded by the users due to problems such as salinity drifts. This allows users to use any of the filters or a combination of both to have a greater amount of data within the study area of their interest in a matter of minutes, rather than waiting for the delayed-mode quality control that takes up to 12 months to be completed. This methodology has been tested for its replicability in five selected areas around the world and has obtained good results.