bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stadt- und Staatstheater in Bewegung? Zur Rolle von öffentlich subventionierten Theatern in der Stadtgesellschaft und den veränderten Erwartungen des Publikums
Authors: Burghardt Charlotte 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungAngesichts einer vielfältiger werdenden Gesellschaft und gleichzeitig stetig rückläufiger Besuchszahlen stellt sich die Frage, welche Bedeutung Theater in der Stadtgesellschaft haben. Wer ist der Motor für mögliche Veränderungen in den Häusern und welche Erwartungen und Wünsche richtet das Publikum an seine Theater? Anhand von qualitativen Interviews mit Mitarbeitenden aus denStädtischen Theatern Chemnitz,demTheater für Niedersachsenin Hildesheim und demMaxim Gorki Theaterin Berlin und unterstützt durch eine Spielzeitanalyse, beleuchtet dieser Beitrag die Binnenperspektive der Theater.
Berufliche Orientierung im Spannungsfeld ihrer Ziele, Herausforderungen und Umsetzung
Authors: Ohlemann Svenja 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDas folgende Kapitel beleuchtet das Spannungsfeld beruflicher Orientierung, das sich aus den an sie gestellten Anforderungen, den sich daraus ergebenden Zielen, der Vielzahl der beteiligten Akteur*innen und ihren differierenden Perspektiven ergibt.
Introduction
Authors: Strunz Ulrich G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccording to the 2019 World Trade Report, service trades are likely to increase their share of global trade by 50 percent until 2040. Services will benefit most likely from increasing the automatization and digitalization of former face-to-face processes, and from an increasing demand of online services due to demographic change. The WTO states that global cooperation has to be increased such that all economies can collectively benefit from increasing service trade.
Theoretical Background
Authors: Strunz Ulrich G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImagine being born and raised on the Hawaiian island Kaua’i, close to the shield volcano Wai’ale’ale. On this island, yearly rainfall reaches 15 meters and more. You were stuck in this small region on this remote island your entire life, without any information ever having reached you to indicate that this extreme amount of rainfall was extra ordinary.
General Research Objectives
Authors: Strunz Ulrich G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn order to formulate specific research objectives, this chapter condenses insights from the theoretical background, deriving key objectives that are to be analyzed empirically. Following the “Engaged Scholarship Diamond Model”, designed to close the theory-practice gap, the four domains “Theory Building”, “Problem Formulation”, “Problem Solving” and “Research Design” are to be fulfilled in any preferred order by the researcher. This thesis’ conclusion serves as “Problem Solving” and will bridge real world problems (“Reality”) and empirical results from empirical research (“Solution”).
Empirical Research Design
Authors: Strunz Ulrich G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe experiment consisted of three parts: the login-stage, the experiment and an after-survey. The experiment starts with 6 single-player Tower of Hanoi games to enable learning and to induce routine, referred to as “individual decision-making expertise in routine-strategy”. The single-player rounds are followed by 6 three-player Tower of Hanoi games, where the first three multiplayer-games can be solved perfectly by the agents when sticking to the single player strategy.
Results
Authors: Strunz Ulrich G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn attempt to conduct an experiment with 330 US-American MTurks failed due to server memory capacity with the Amazon AWS “t2.micro 1 GiB”. After upgrading the server to 32 GiB of working memory with the Amazon AWS “t2.2xlarge 32 GiB”, an experiment with 180 US-American MTurks was conducted, from which data of 87 participants was used.
Europa ohne Binnengrenzen: eine lange Initialphase
Authors: Oltmer Jochen 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Debatten um ein „Europa ohne Grenzen“ nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg müssen vor dem Hintergrund einer langen Linie der Herausbildung von Annahmen über die Vorzüge und Nachteile eines Verzichts auf die Kontrolle von Migrationsbewegungen gesehen werden. Einen zentralen Anknüpfungspunkt bietet die Vorstellung des Liberalismus des 19. Jahrhunderts, eine freie Bewegung von Arbeitskräften und der Verzicht auf Pässe, Visa und Grenzkontrollen sei erforderlich, um den Marktkräften Geltung zu verschaffen und einen Wohlstandsgewinn für alle zu ermöglichen. Die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika verzichteten bereits seit 1802 darauf, Pässe bei einer Einreise zu verlangen und Kontrollen durchzuführen.
Der Abschluss des Schengener Abkommens und dessen Umsetzung
Authors: Oltmer Jochen 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungAnfang der 1970er Jahre bestand also zwischen den EWG-Staaten eine weitgehende Freizügigkeit für Arbeitskräfte und deren Familienangehörige, einen Visumzwang gab es nicht mehr, Grenzkontrollen allerdings schon. Mit den zahlreichen Anwerbeabkommen hatte sich die grenzüberschreitende Arbeitsmigration zwischen den Mittelmeeranrainerstaaten und den Industrieländern in West-, Mittel- und Nordeuropa erheblich verstärkt. Ihre Folgen firmieren weiterhin häufig unter dem in vielerlei Hinsicht unzutreffenden Begriff der „Gastarbeiter“-Migration. Die EWG-Staaten, sieht man von Italien ab, bildeten die wichtigsten Ziele der Arbeitsmigration im Rahmen der Anwerbeabkommen.
Die Osterweiterung des Schengen-Raums
Authors: Oltmer Jochen 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungBei der Süd- und Norderweiterung des Schengen-Raums stand die grenzüberschreitende Bewegungsfreiheit insbesondere für Urlaubsreisende im Fokus. Kamen Debatten um Gefahren der Grenzöffnung auf, kreisten sie meist um die Herausforderungen polizeilicher Zusammenarbeit aufgrund der Sorge vor einer Beschränkung der Möglichkeiten der Strafverfolgung in einem Raum ohne Grenzkontrollen. Die Diskussion um eine Verschiebung der Schengen-Grenze nach Osten beherrschte demgegenüber die Frage nach dem Umgang mit einer für unerwünscht erklärten Ost-West-Migration.
Die EU-Asylpolitik als Folge der Etablierung einer gemeinsamen Außengrenze
Authors: Oltmer Jochen 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungWeil kontrollfreie Binnengrenzen Asylsuchenden zu ermöglichen schienen, sich relativ ungehindert im Schengen-Raum zu bewegen, waren schon Ende der 1980er Jahre Regelungen über den gemeinsamen Umgang mit Asylanträgen diskutiert worden. Beinahe zeitgleich mit dem Schengener Durchführungsübereinkommen, das bereits einige Asylbestimmungen enthält, wurde 1990 in Dublin das „Übereinkommen über die Bestimmung des zuständigen Staates für die Prüfung eines in einem Mitgliedstaat der Europäischen Gemeinschaften gestellten Asylantrages“ unterzeichnet. Es trat 1997 nach langwierigen Debatten über die Umsetzung in Kraft.
Introduction
Authors: Pyeon Cheol Ho 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAt the Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA), the accelerator-driven system (ADS) is composed of a solid-moderated and solid-reflected core (A-core) and a pulsed-neutron generator (14 MeV neutrons) or the fixed-filed alternating gradient (FFAG) accelerator (100 MeV protons). At KUCA, two external neutron sources, including 14 MeV neutrons and 100 MeV protons, are separately injected into the A-core, and employed for carrying out the ADS experiments. With the combined use of the A-core and two external neutron sources, basic and feasibility studies of ADS have been engaged in the examination of neutronics of ADS, through the measurements of statics and kinetics parameters of reactor physics, including subcritical multiplication factor, subcriticality, prompt neutron decay constant, effective delayed neutron fraction, neutron spectrum, and reaction rates.
Neutronics of Lead and Bismuth
Authors: Pyeon Cheol Ho 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCross-section uncertainties of Pb and Bi isotopes could consequently affect the precision of nuclear design calculations of preliminary analyses, before the actual operation of upcoming ADS, since Pb and Bi are composed partly of coolant material (lead-bismuth eutectic: LBE) in ADS facilities. The main characteristics of LBE in ADS are recognized as follows: chemically inactive; high boiling point mechanically; excellent neutron economy caused by large scattering cross sections. From the viewpoint of neutronics, LBE exerts considerable impact on nuclear design parameters for numerical simulations of neutron interactions of Pb and Bi isotopes. As a suitable way of investigating cross-section uncertainties, sample reactivity worth measurements in critical states are considered effective with the use of reference and test materials in a zero-power state, such as a critical assembly, because integral parameter information on cross sections of test materials can be acquired experimentally. For the required experimental study on Pb and Bi nuclear data uncertainties, the sample reactivity worth experiments are carried out at the KUCA core by the substitution of reference (aluminum) for test (Pb or Bi) materials, and numerical simulations are performed with stochastic and deterministic calculation codes together with major nuclear data libraries.
Classifying pole-skipping points
Authors: Ahn Yong jun , Jahnke Viktor , Jeong Hyun-Sik , Lee Kyung-Sun , Nishida Mitsuhiro , Kim Keun-Young 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We clarify general mathematical and physical properties of pole-skipping points. For this purpose, we analyse scalar and vector fields in hyperbolic space. This setup is chosen because it is simple enough to allow us to obtain analytical expressions for the Green’s function and check everything explicitly, while it contains all the essential features of pole-skipping points. We classify pole-skipping points in three types (type-I, II, III). Type-I and Type-II are distinguished by the (limiting) behavior of the Green’s function near the pole-skipping points. Type-III can arise at non-integer iω values, which is due to a specific UV condition, contrary to the types I and II, which are related to a non-unique near horizon boundary condition. We also clarify the relation between the pole-skipping structure of the Green’s function and the near horizon analysis. We point out that there are subtle cases where the near horizon analysis alone may not be able to capture the existence and properties of the pole-skipping points.
A canonical purification for the entanglement wedge cross-section
Authors: Dutta Souvik , Faulkner Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In AdS/CFT we consider a class of bulk geometric quantities inside the entanglement wedge called reflected minimal surfaces. The areas of these surfaces are dual to the entanglement entropy associated to a canonical purification (the GNS state) that we dub the reflected entropy. From the bulk point of view, we show that half the area of the reflected minimal surface gives a reinterpretation of the notion of the entanglement wedge cross-section. We prove some general properties of the reflected entropy and introduce a novel replica trick in CFTs for studying it. The duality is established using a recently introduced approach to holographic modular flow. We also consider an explicit holographic construction of the canonical purification, introduced by Engelhardt and Wall; the reflected minimal surfaces are simply RT surfaces in this new spacetime. We contrast our results with the entanglement of purification conjecture, and finally comment on the continuum limit where we find a relation to the split property: the reflected entropy computes the von Neumann entropy of a canonical splitting type-I factor introduced by Doplicher and Longo.
Holographic models of composite Higgs in the Veneziano limit. Part I. Bosonic sector
Authors: Elander Daniel , Frigerio Michele , Knecht Marc , Kneur Jean-Loïc 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study strongly-coupled, approximately scale-invariant gauge theories, which develop a mass gap in the infrared. We argue that a large number of fermion flavours is most suitable to provide an ultraviolet completion for the composite Higgs scenario. The holographic approach allows to describe the qualitative features of the non-perturbative dynamics in the Veneziano limit. We introduce new bottom-up holographic models, which incorporate the backreaction of flavour on the geometry, and show that this can correlate the mass gap to the scale of flavour-symmetry breaking. We compute the mass spectrum for the various composite bosonic states, and study its dependence on the scaling dimension of the symmetry-breaking operators, as well as on the number of flavours. The different regions with a light dilaton are critically surveyed. We carefully assess the domain of validity of the holographic approach, and compare it with lattice simulations and the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model.
A comparison between manual and artificial intelligence–based automatic positioning in CT imaging for COVID-19 patients
Authors: Gang Yadong , Chen Xiongfeng , Li Huan , Wang Hanlun , Li Jianying , Guo Ying , Zeng Junjie , Hu Qiang , Hu Jinxiang , Xu Haibo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective
To analyze and compare the imaging workflow, radiation dose, and image quality for COVID-19 patients examined using either the conventional manual positioning (MP) method or an AI-based automatic positioning (AP) method.

Materials and methods
One hundred twenty-seven adult COVID-19 patients underwent chest CT scans on a CT scanner using the same scan protocol except with the manual positioning (MP group) for the initial scan and an AI-based automatic positioning method (AP group) for the follow-up scan. Radiation dose, patient positioning time, and off-center distance of the two groups were recorded and compared. Image noise and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were assessed by three experienced radiologists and were compared between the two groups.

Results
The AP operation was successful for all patients in the AP group and reduced the total positioning time by 28% compared with the MP group. Compared with the MP group, the AP group had significantly less patient off-center distance (AP 1.56 cm ± 0.83 vs. MP 4.05 cm ± 2.40, p < 0.001) and higher proportion of positioning accuracy (AP 99% vs. MP 92%), resulting in 16% radiation dose reduction (AP 6.1 mSv ± 1.3 vs. MP 7.3 mSv ± 1.2, p < 0.001) and 9% image noise reduction in erector spinae and lower noise and higher SNR for lesions in the pulmonary peripheral areas.

Conclusion
The AI-based automatic positioning and centering in CT imaging is a promising new technique for reducing radiation dose and optimizing imaging workflow and image quality in imaging the chest.

Key Points
• The AI-based automatic positioning (AP) operation was successful for all patients in our study.
• AP method reduced the total positioning time by 28% compared with the manual positioning (MP).
• AP method had less patient off-center distance and higher proportion of positioning accuracy than MP method, resulting in 16% radiation dose reduction and 9% image noise reduction in erector spinae.
AI-based detection and classification of distal radius fractures using low-effort data labeling: evaluation of applicability and effect of training set size
Authors: Tobler Patrick , Cyriac Joshy , Kovacs Balazs K. , Hofmann Verena , Sexauer Raphael , Paciolla Fabiano , Stieltjes Bram , Amsler Felix , Hirschmann Anna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the performance of a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) in detecting and classifying distal radius fractures, metal, and cast on radiographs using labels based on radiology reports. The secondary aim was to evaluate the effect of the training set size on the algorithm’s performance.

Methods
A total of 15,775 frontal and lateral radiographs, corresponding radiology reports, and a ResNet18 DCNN were used. Fracture detection and classification models were developed per view and merged. Incrementally sized subsets served to evaluate effects of the training set size. Two musculoskeletal radiologists set the standard of reference on radiographs (test set A). A subset (B) was rated by three radiology residents. For a per-study-based comparison with the radiology residents, the results of the best models were merged. Statistics used were ROC and AUC, Youden’s J statistic (J), and Spearman’s correlation coefficient (ρ).

Results
The models’ AUC/J on (A) for metal and cast were 0.99/0.98 and 1.0/1.0. The models’ and residents’ AUC/J on (B) were similar on fracture (0.98/0.91; 0.98/0.92) and multiple fragments (0.85/0.58; 0.91/0.70). Training set size and AUC correlated on metal (ρ = 0.740), cast (ρ = 0.722), fracture (frontal ρ = 0.947, lateral ρ = 0.946), multiple fragments (frontal ρ = 0.856), and fragment displacement (frontal ρ = 0.595).

Conclusions
The models trained on a DCNN with report-based labels to detect distal radius fractures on radiographs are suitable to aid as a secondary reading tool; models for fracture classification are not ready for clinical use. Bigger training sets lead to better models in all categories except joint affection.

Key Points
• Detection of metal and cast on radiographs is excellent using AI and labels extracted from radiology reports.
• Automatic detection of distal radius fractures on radiographs is feasible and the performance approximates radiology residents.
• Automatic classification of the type of distal radius fracture varies in accuracy and is inferior for joint involvement and fragment displacement.
On the Hamel Coefficients and the Boltzmann–Hamel Equations for the Rigid Body
Authors: Müller Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Boltzmann–Hamel (BH) equations are central in the dynamics and control of nonholonomic systems described in terms of quasi-velocities. The rigid body is a classical example of such systems, and it is well-known that the BH-equations are the Newton–Euler (NE) equations when described in terms of rigid body twists as quasi-velocities. It is further known that the NE-equations are the Euler–Poincaré, respectively, the reduced Euler–Lagrange equations on SE(3) when using body-fixed or spatial representation of rigid body twists. The connection between these equations are the Hamel coefficients, which are immediately identified as the structure constants of SE(3). However, an explicit coordinate-free derivation has not been presented in the literature. In this paper the Hamel coefficients for the rigid body are derived in a coordinate-free way without resorting to local coordinates describing the rigid body motion. The three most relevant choices of quasi-velocities (body-fixed, spatial, and hybrid representation of rigid body twists) are considered. The corresponding BH-equations are derived explicitly for the rotating and free floating body. Further, the Hamel equations for nonholonomically constrained rigid bodies are discussed, and demonstrated for the inhomogenous ball rolling on a plane.
Induction of liver hypertrophy for extended liver surgery and partial liver transplantation: State of the art of parenchyma augmentation–assisted liver surgery
Authors: Müller Philip C. , Linecker Michael , Kirimker Elvan O. , Oberkofler Christian E. , Clavien Pierre-Alain , Balci Deniz , Petrowsky Henrik 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Liver surgery and transplantation currently represent the only curative treatment options for primary and secondary hepatic malignancies. Despite the ability of the liver to regenerate after tissue loss, 25–30% future liver remnant is considered the minimum requirement to prevent serious risk for post-hepatectomy liver failure.

Purpose
The aim of this review is to depict the various interventions for liver parenchyma augmentation–assisting surgery enabling extended liver resections. The article summarizes one- and two-stage procedures with a focus on hypertrophy- and corresponding resection rates.

Conclusions
To induce liver parenchymal augmentation prior to hepatectomy, most techniques rely on portal vein occlusion, but more recently inclusion of parenchymal splitting, hepatic vein occlusion, and partial liver transplantation has extended the technical armamentarium. Safely accomplishing major and ultimately total hepatectomy by these techniques requires integration into a meaningful oncological concept. The advent of highly effective chemotherapeutic regimen in the neo-adjuvant, interstage, and adjuvant setting has underlined an aggressive surgical approach in the given setting to convert formerly “palliative” disease into a curative and sometimes in a “chronic” disease.
Cardiac hypertrophy at autopsy
Authors: Basso Cristina , Michaud Katarzyna , d’Amati Giulia , Banner Jytte , Lucena Joaquin , Cunningham Kristopher , Leone Ornella , Vink Aryan , van der Wal Allard C. , Sheppard Mary N. ,   on behalf of the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince cardiac hypertrophy may be considered a cause of death at autopsy, its assessment requires a uniform approach. Common terminology and methodology to measure the heart weight, size, and thickness as well as a systematic use of cut off values for normality by age, gender, and body weight and height are needed. For these reasons, recommendations have been written on behalf of the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology. The diagnostic work up implies the search for pressure and volume overload conditions, compensatory hypertrophy, storage and infiltrative disorders, and cardiomyopathies. Although some gross morphologic features can point to a specific diagnosis, systematic histologic analysis, followed by possible immunostaining and transmission electron microscopy, is essential for a final diagnosis. If the autopsy is carried out in a general or forensic pathology service without expertise in cardiovascular pathology, the entire heart (or pictures) together with mapped histologic slides should be sent for a second opinion to a pathologist with such an expertise. Indication for postmortem genetic testing should be integrated into the multidisciplinary management of sudden cardiac death.
Prognostic impact of the glypican family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the survival of breast cancer patients
Authors: Grillo Paulina Karin , Győrffy Balázs , Götte Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeDysregulated expression of proteoglycans influences the outcome and progression of numerous cancers. Several studies have investigated the role of individual glypicans in cancer, however, the impact of the whole glypican family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans on prognosis of a large patient cohort of breast cancer patients has not yet been investigated. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the prognostic power of the glypicans in breast cancer patients.MethodsWe used a public database including both gene expression data and survival information for 3951 breast cancer patients to determine the prognostic value of glypicans on relapse-free survival using Cox regression analysis. Moreover, we performed quantitative Real-Time PCR to determine glypican gene expression levels in seven representative breast cancer cell lines.ResultsWe found that high GPC3 levels were associated with a better prognosis in overall breast cancer patients. When stratified by hormone receptor status, we found that in worse prognosis subtypes low GPC1 levels correlate with a longer relapse-free survival, and in more favorable subtypes low GPC6 was associated with longer survival.ConclusionOur study concludes that glypicans could act as subtype-specific biomarkers for the prognosis of breast cancer patients and sparks hope for future research on glypicans possibly eventually providing targets for the treatment of the disease.