bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional responses to climate change may increase invasive potential ofCarpobrotus edulis
Authors: G. Campoy Josefina , Lema Margarita , Fenollosa Erola , Munné‐Bosch Sergi , Retuerto Rubén 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremiseBiological invasions and climate change are major threats to biodiversity. It is therefore important to anticipate how the climate changes projected for Southern Europe would affect the ecophysiological performance of the invasive South African plant,Carpobrotus edulis(ice plant or sour fig), and its capacity to undergo rapid adaptive evolution.MethodsWe manipulated the climate conditions in a field plot located on the island of Sálvora (northwest of the Iberian Peninsula) to establish a full factorial experiment withC. edulisplants transplanted from four native (southern African) and four invasive (northwestern Iberian Peninsula) populations. Throughout 14 months we measured growth and functional traits of this species under two temperatures (control vs. increased), and two rainfall levels (control vs. reduced).ResultsTemperature increased photochemical efficiency and relative growth rate ofC. edulis. Rainfall modulated some of the effects of temperature on C and N isotopic composition, and pigment contents. Invasive populations showed lower root mass allocation and higher survival rates, as well as increased water use efficiency, lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll, and xanthophyll cycle pigment contents than native populations.ConclusionsThe increased growth and physiological performances observed under our experimental conditions suggest that the expected climate changes would further promote the invasion ofC. edulis. Differences between native and invasive genotypes in survival and functional traits revealed that populations have diverged during the process of invasion, what gives support to the invasiveness hypothesis. Our findings highlight the importance of analyzing intraspecific variability in functional responses to better predict how invasive species will respond to environmental changes.
A Click Chemistry Approach to Targeted DNA Crosslinking with cis‐Platinum(II)‐Modified Triplex‐Forming Oligonucleotides
Authors: Hennessy Joseph , McGorman Bríonna , Molphy Zara , Farrell Nicholas P. , Singleton Daniel , Brown Tom , Kellett Andrew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLimitations of clinical platinum(II) therapeutics include systemic toxicity and inherent resistance. Modern approaches, therefore, seek new ways to deliver active platinum(II) to discrete nucleic acid targets. In the field of antigene therapy, triplex‐forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) have attracted interest for their ability to specifically recognise extended duplex DNA targets. Here, we report a click chemistry based approach that combines alkyne‐modified TFOs with azide‐bearing cis‐platinum(II) complexes—based on cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin motifs—to generate a library of PtII‐TFO hybrids. These constructs can be assembled modularly and enable directed platinum(II) crosslinking to purine nucleobases on the target sequence under the guidance of the TFO. By covalently incorporating modifications of thiazole orange—a known DNA‐intercalating fluorophore—into PtII‐TFOs constructs, enhanced target binding and discrimination between target and off‐target sequences was achieved.
Critical Assessment of the Reducing Ability of Breslow‐type Derivatives and Implications for Carbene‐Catalyzed Radical Reactions**
Authors: Delfau Ludivine , Nichilo Samantha , Molton Florian , Broggi Julie , Tomás‐Mendivil Eder , Martin David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report the synthesis of acyl azolium salts stemming from thiazolylidenes CNS, triazolylidenes CTN, mesoionic carbenes CMIC and the generation of their corresponding radicals and enolates, covering about 60 Breslow‐type derivatives. This study highlights the role of additives in the redox behavior of these compounds and unveils several critical misconceptions about radical transformations of aldehyde derivatives under N‐heterocyclic carbene catalysis. In particular, the reducing ability of enolates has been dramatically underestimated in the case of biomimetic CNS. In contrast with previous electrochemical studies, we show that these catalytic intermediates can transfer electrons to iodobenzene within minutes at room temperature. Enols derived from CMIC are not the previously claimed super electron donors, although enolate derivatives of CNS and CMIC are powerful reducing agents.
Mechanocatalytic Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Ammonia from Its Elements Down to Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Reichle Steffen , Felderhoff Michael , Schüth Ferdi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAmmonia synthesis via the high‐temperature and high‐pressure Haber‐Bosch process is one of the most important chemical processes in the world. In spite of numerous attempts over the last 100 years, continuous Haber‐Bosch type ammonia synthesis at room‐temperature had not been possible, yet. We report the development of a mechanocatalytic system operating continuously at room‐temperature and at pressures down to 1 bar. With optimized experimental conditions, a cesium‐promoted iron catalyst was shown to produce ammonia at concentrations of more than 0.2 vol. % for over 50 hours.
The roles of macro‐ and micro‐scale geophysical investigations to guide and monitor excavations at a Middle Woodland site in northern Georgia, USA
Authors: Bigman Daniel P. , Day Dominic J. , Balco William M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGeophysical investigations have become standard in archaeological practice to map sites and help select location for excavation, but the application of these techniques in real time during excavation to help anticipate feature location and maximize recovery has not been developed. This paper presents results from both traditional geophysics and new approaches to using these methods during excavations at Rice Farm (9DW276), a Middle Woodland site located in a broad floodplain adjacent to the Etowah River in north Georgia. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) at the surface was effective in recording reflection events indicative of archaeological features, such as hearths, posts and possibly ditches. Magnetometry was helpful, but less effective due to heavy plough zone scarring and noise from modern metallic debris. High‐frequency handheld GPR was helpful in monitoring excavations in real time and assisted excavators in anticipating the locations of both large and small diameter features. Excavation of geophysical anomalies exposed important features for the interpretation of this newly documented site.
Post‐Synthetic Modification of Metal‐Organic Frameworks Bearing Phenazine Radical Cations for aza‐Diels‐Alder Reactions
Authors: Jiang Wei‐Ling , Huang Bin , Wu Meng‐Xiang , Zhu Ye‐Kai , Zhao Xiao‐Li , Shi Xueliang , Yang Hai‐Bo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) consisting of organic radicals are of great interest because they have exhibited unique and intriguing optical, electronic, magnetic, and chemo‐catalytic properties, and thus have demonstrated great potential applications in optical, electronic, and magnetic devices, and as catalysts. However, the preparation of MOFs bearing stable organic radicals is very challenging because most organic radicals are highly reactive and difficult to incorporate into the framework of MOFs. Herein we reported a post‐synthetic modification strategy to prepare a novel MOF containing phenazine radical cations, which was used as heterogeneous catalyst for aza‐Diels‐Alder reaction. The zinc‐based metal‐organic framework Zn2(PHZ)2(dabco) (N) was successfully synthesized from 5,10‐di(4‐benzoic acid)‐5,10‐dihydrophenazine (PHZ), triethylene diamine (dabco) with Zn(NO3)2 ⋅ 6H2O by solvothermal method. The as‐synthesized MOF N was partially oxidized by AgSbF6 to form MOF R containing ∼10% phenazine radical cation species. The resultant MOF R was found to keep the original crystal type of N and very persistent under ambient conditions. Consequently, MOF R was successfully employed in radical cation‐catalyzed aza‐Diels‐Alder reactions with various imine substrates at room temperature with high reaction conversion. Moreover, heterogeneous catalyst MOF R was reusable up to five times without much loss of catalytic activity, demonstrating its excellent stability and recyclability. Therefore, the post‐synthetic modification developed in this work is expected to become a versatile strategy to prepare radical‐based MOFs for the application of heterogeneous catalysts in organic synthesis.
Potassium Base‐Promoted Diastereoselective Synthesis of 1,3‐Diols from Allylic Alcohols and Aldehydes through a Tandem Allylic‐Isomerization/Aldol–Tishchenko Reaction
Authors: Sai Masahiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study reports the first base‐promoted aldol–Tishchenko reactions of allylic alcohols with aldehydes initiated by allylic isomerization. The reaction enables the diastereoselective synthesis of a variety of 1,3‐diols with three contiguous stereogenic centers. Unlike commonly reported systems, our method allows the use of readily available allylic alcohols as nucleophiles instead of enolizable aldehydes and ketones.
Multimodal kidney‐preserving approach in localised and locally advanced high‐risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Alhalabi Omar , Campbell Matthew T. , Xiao Lianchun , Adriazola Ana C. , Wilson Nathaniel R. , Siefker‐Radtke Arlene O. , Corn Paul G. , Zurita Amado , Jonasch Eric , Gao Jianjun , Adibi Mehrad , Kamat Ashish M. , Navai Neema , Pisters Louis L. , Dinney Colin , Matin Surena F. , Shah Amishi Y. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesMultimodal kidney‐preserving (MKP) strategies may be an option for patients with localised or locally advanced high‐risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) who have a relative contraindication for nephroureterectomy (NU).Materials and methodsWe studied patients with UTUC who were managed with MKP strategies, consisting of systemic anticancer therapy, with or without local/topical strategies after endoscopic control of intraluminal tumours. Primary end points were overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS).ResultsFourteen patients received MKP treatment between August 2013 and April 2020. Median baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate was 43 mL/min/1.73m2. MKP was mainly pursued to avoid dialysis (10/14, 71%), followed by low performance status and/or comorbidities (2/14, 14%). All patients had received systemic therapy: chemotherapy (64%) and immunotherapy (36%). Endoscopic control and/or laser ablation was feasible in 7 (50%) patients. Calculated overall risk of non‐organ confined disease was 35%. Predicted 2‐year and 5‐year relapse‐free probability (RFP) was 74% (24–92%) and 62% (10–85%), respectively. Median follow‐up was 31 months (95% CI: 22.6, NE), median OS was 48.1 months (95% CI: 48.1, NE) and 2‐year OS probability was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.71, 1). Median metastases‐free survival was 48.1 months (95% CI: 26.8, NE), median PFS was 22.4 months (95% CI: 15.6, NE) and 2‐year PFS probability was 0.48 (0.26, 0.89).ConclusionManagement of high‐risk localised or locally advanced UTUC with MKP strategies was associated with good tolerance, preservation of renal function, and comparable PFS and OS to predicted in vulnerable patients. Prospective studies with more patients are needed to evaluate these possible benefits relative to current standards.
DAT1 polymorphism associated with poor decision‐making in males with antisocial personality disorder and high psychopathic traits
Authors: Rafiei Dorsa , Kolla Nathan J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStudies suggest that abnormalities of the dopaminergic system underlie decision‐making deficits, a hallmark of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and psychopathy. The dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) is of particular interest due to a polymorphism that controls dopamine transporter (DAT) activity. However, the association between DAT1 genotypes and decision‐making in ASPD has never been studied. The current study investigated the effect of DAT1 genotype on decision‐making, as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), in ASPD and healthy controls. A total of 17 participants with ASPD and 16 healthy control participants without ASPD were sampled. The Hare Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised and the IGT were administered to all participants. All participants provided blood samples for genotyping. Data revealed a novel interaction effect between DAT1 genotype and diagnosis, whereby ASPD participants with low DAT activity genotypes performed significantly worse on the IGT and selected from disadvantageous decks more often, whereas the low DAT activity genotype in the healthy control group was associated with better performance on the IGT, and they selected from disadvantageous decks less often. We demonstrate, for the first time, that low DAT activity genotypes in ASPD with high psychopathic traits contribute to poor decision‐making.
Racial disparities negatively impact outcomes in early‐onset colorectal cancer independent of socioeconomic status
Authors: Kamath Suneel D. , Torrejon Nataly , Wei Wei , Tullio Katherine , Nair Kanika G. , Liska David , Krishnamurthi Smitha S. , Khorana Alok A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients under age 50 is rising for unclear reasons. We examined the effects of socioeconomic factors on outcomes for patients with early‐onset CRC compared to late‐onset CRC.MethodsPatients with CRC from 2004 to 2015 in the National Cancer Database were included and categorized by age (under or over 50 years). Differences in demographic and socioeconomic factors, disease characteristics, and survival outcomes between early‐onset versus late‐onset CRC patients were assessed by Chi‐squared test and Cox models.ResultsThe study population included 1,061,204 patients, 108,058 (10.2%) of whom were under age 50. The proportion of patients diagnosed under age 50 increased over time: 9.4% in 2004–2006, 10.1% in 2007–2009, 10.5% in 2010–2012, and 10.7% in 2013–2015 (p < 0.0001). Early‐onset CRC patients were more likely to be Black (15.1% vs. 11.3%) or Hispanic (8.6% vs. 4.6%) and to present with stage 4 disease (24.9% vs. 17.0%), p < 0.0001 for all. Black patients had the worst median OS (58.3 months) compared to White (67.0 months), Hispanic (91.6 months), or Asian (104.9 months) patients, p < 0.0001. Within the subgroup of early‐onset CRC patients with private insurance, Black patients had worse OS compared to White patients, even in communities with higher income and education status.ConclusionsEarly‐onset CRC continues to increase. Patients with early‐onset CRC are more likely to be Black or Hispanic and to present with stage 4 cancer. Early‐onset Black patients showed worse OS compared to White patients in all income subgroups, even with private insurance.
Head‐to‐Head Comparison of Selected Extra‐ and Intracellular CO‐Releasing Molecules on Their CO‐Releasing and Anti‐Inflammatory Properties
Authors: Li Yingchun , Hemmersbach Lars , Krause Bernhard , Sitnikov Nikolay , Schlundt née Göderz Anna , Pastene Maldonado Diego O. , Schmalz Hans‐Günther , Yard Benito 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOver the past decade, a variety of carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs) have been developed and tested. Some CORMs spontaneously release CO once in solution, while others require a trigger mechanism to release the bound CO from its molecular complex. The modulation of biological systems by CORMs depends largely on the spatiotemporal release of CO, which likely differs among the different types of CORMs. In spontaneously releasing CORMs, CO is released extracellularly and crosses the cell membrane to interact with intracellular targets. Other CORMs can directly release CO intracellularly, which may be a more efficient method to modulate biological systems. In the present study, we compared the efficacy of extracellular and intracellular CO‐releasing CORMs that either release CO spontaneously or require an enzymatic trigger. The efficacy of such CORMs to modulate HO‐1 and VCAM‐1 expression in TNF‐α‐stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was evaluated.
An in vitro cell model to study microglia activation in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Xie Hai , Zhang Chaoyang , Zhang Jingting , Xu Yihua , Liu Kun , Luo Dawei , Qiu Qinghua , Xu Guo‐Tong , Zhang Jingfa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicroglial activation has been studied extensively in diabetic retinopathy. We have previously detected activation and migration of microglia in 8‐week‐old diabetic rat retinas. It is widely acknowledged that microglia‐mediated inflammation contributes to the progression of diabetic retinopathy. However, existing cell models do not explore the role of activated microglia in vitro. In this study, microglia were subject to various conditions mimicking diabetic retinopathy, including high glucose, glyoxal, and hypoxia. Under high glucose or glyoxal treatment, microglia demonstrated only partially functional changes, while under hypoxia, microglia became fully activated showing enlarged cell bodies, enhanced migration and phagocytosis as well as increased production of pro‐inflammatory factors such as cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The data indicate that hypoxia‐treated microglia is an optimal in vitro model for exploration of microglia activation in diabetic retinopathy.
Production of Bio‐Oil from Waste Cooking Oil by Pyrolysis
Authors: Londoño Feria José Mario , Nausa Galeano Gloria Astrid , Malagón-Romero Dionisio Humberto 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWaste cooking oil (WCO) is an important feedstock for biofuel production due to its low cost and extensive availability, primarily by transesterification. A more recent approach to take advantage of this feedstock is through pyrolysis. In this study, WCO was collected from a fast food restaurant and then pyrolyzed, employing two different heating rates and four temperatures, at a fixed residence time. The composition of the products was determined by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The best bio‐oil yield was 77.59 %, obtained at 700 °C and 10 °C min−1. The highest contents of octane, nonane, and decane were reached at 400 °C and 15 °C min−1. Therefore, WCO proves to be an important resource for obtaining biofuel or chemical solvents for the industry.
Synergy of Bi2O3 and RuO2 Nanocatalysts for Low‐Overpotential and Wide pH‐Window Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Wu Qiaoling , Yu Bing , Deng Zizhao , Li Tianyan , Li Hui , Jia Baohua , Li Peng , Sun Wenping , Song Xi–Ming , Sun Ying , Ma Tianyi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions is still seriously impeded by the inferior NH3 yield and low Faradaic efficiency, especially at low overpotentials. Herein, we report the synthesis of nano‐sized RuO2 and Bi2O3 particles grown on functionalized exfoliated graphene (FEG) through in situ electrodeposition, denoted as RuO2−Bi2O3/FEG. The prepared self‐supporting RuO2−Bi2O3/FEG hybrid with a Bi mass loading of 0.70 wt% and Ru mass loading of 0.04 wt% shows excellent NRR performance at low overpotentials in acidic, neutral and alkaline electrolytes. It achieves a large NH3 yield of 4.58±0.16 μgNH3 h−1 cm−2 with a high Faradaic efficiency of 14.6 % at −0.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. This performance benefits from the synergistic effect between Bi2O3 and RuO2 which respectively have a fairly strong interaction of Bi 6p orbitals with the N 2p band and abundant supply of *H, as well as the binder‐free characteristic and the convenient electron transfer via graphene nanosheets. This work highlights a new electrocatalyst design strategy that combines transition and main‐group metal elements, which may provide some inspirations for designing low‐cost and high‐performance NRR electrocatalysts in the future.
Easy Production of “Difficult Peptides” Using Cell‐Free Protein Synthesis and a New Methionine Analogue as a Latent Peptide Cleavage Site
Authors: Fankhauser Daniel , Alissandratos Apostolos , Liutkus Mantas , Easton Christopher J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAliphatic γ‐chloro‐α‐amino acids incorporated in place of their canonical analogues through cell‐free protein synthesis act as heat‐labile linkers, offering a useful strategy for the straightforward production of target peptides as fusion proteins, from which the targets are readily released. Until now, the natural abundance of aliphatic amino acids in peptides has limited the scope of the method, as it leads to undesired cleavage sites in synthesized products, but here the authors report the development of a new cleavable chloro amino acid that incorporates in place of the relatively rare amino acid methionine, thus greatly expanding the scope of producible targets. This new strategy is employed for simplified peptide synthesis with a methionine‐free fusion partner, allowing single‐site incorporation of the cleavable linker for clean release and easy purification of the target peptide. Its utility is demonstrated through the straightforward preparation of two peptides reported to be challenging targets and not accessible through standard solid‐phase chemical methodologies, as well as analogues.
A Coala‐T‐Cannabis Survey Study of breast cancer patients' use of cannabis before, during, and after treatment
Authors: Weiss Marisa C. , Hibbs Julianne E. , Buckley Meghan E. , Danese Sherry R. , Leitenberger Adam , Bollmann‐Jenkins Melissa , Meske Sam W. , Aliano‐Ruiz Katherine E. , McHugh Theresa W. , Larson Sharon L. , Le Elaine H. , Green Nancye L. , Gilman Paul B. , Kaklamani Virginia G. , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Martinez Diana M. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to characterize cannabis use among patients with breast cancer, including their reasons for and timing of use, their sources of cannabis information and products, their satisfaction with the information found, their perceptions of its safety, and their dialogue about cannabis with their physicians.MethodsUnited States–based members of the Breastcancer.org and Healthline.com communities with a self‐reported diagnosis of breast cancer within 5 years (age ≥ 18 years) were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey. After informed consent was obtained, nonidentifiable data were collected and analyzed.ResultsOf all participants (n = 612), 42% (n = 257) reported using cannabis for relief of symptoms, which included pain (78%), insomnia (70%), anxiety (57%), stress (51%), and nausea/vomiting (46%). Furthermore, 49% of cannabis users believed that medical cannabis could be used to treat cancer itself. Of those taking cannabis, 79% had used it during treatment, which included systemic therapies, radiation, and surgery. At the same time, few (39%) had discussed it with any of their physicians.ConclusionsA significant percentage of survey participants (42%) used cannabis to address symptoms; approximately half of these participants believed that cannabis could treat cancer itself. Most participants used cannabis during active cancer treatment despite the potential for an adverse event during this vulnerable time. Furthermore, most participants believed that cannabis was safe and were unaware that product quality varied widely and depended on the source. This study reviews the research on medicinal cannabis in the setting of these findings to help physicians to recognize its risks and benefits for patients with cancer.Lay Summary

Almost half of patients with breast cancer use cannabis, most commonly during active treatment to manage common symptoms and side effects: pain, anxiety, insomnia, and nausea.

However, most patients do not discuss cannabis use with their physicians. Instead, the internet and family/friends are the most common sources of cannabis information.

Furthermore, most participants believe that cannabis products are safe and are unaware that the safety of many products is untested.