bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nocturnal Nation: Violence and the Nation in Dreams during and after World War II
Authors: Kivimäki Ville 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter shows how nationally framed war experiences occupied and shaped Finnish dreams during and after World War II. By studying written dream reminiscences from the 1980s and a war veteran survey from 1999 to 2000, Kivimäki analyzes how the war nationalized the most private spheres of life. Civilians’ war dreams were more symbolic than those of soldiers, which were characterized rather by a relentless reenactment of traumatic experiences. War-related dreams had an impact on people’s nightlife long after the war was over. Yet the frequency and content of war-related dreams changed over time, and sometimes the dreams themselves could become a site of relief from recurrent nightmares.
National Sentiment: Nation Building and Emotional Language in Nineteenth-Century Finland
Authors: Marjanen Jani 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDuring the course of the late eighteenth century and the early nineteenth century, the term “national sentiment” was coined and subsequently established in several European languages. The emergence of the term in several different languages at roughly the same time is indicative of changes both in the experiences of nationhood and of emotion. This chapter explores the development of the term “national sentiment” in Finnish public discourse and argues that it was transformed during the course of the nineteenth century. Early in the century, it denoted an individualistic feeling that romantic intellectuals hoped people would turn to, whereas it later became a description of a collective emotion. It was used to describe the atmosphere among one of the nationalities in Finland in particular, or the Russian empire in general. In this process, the term became more restrictive and lost its links to performing emotions relating to the nation.
Personal Nationalism in a Marital Relationship: Emotive and Gendering Construction of National Experience in Romantic Correspondence
Authors: Eiranen Reetta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe chapter shows the interconnectedness of nationalism with the construction of the self and close relationships by studying the romantic correspondence of a Finnish nationalist couple in the mid-nineteenth century. Eiranen analyzes personal nationalism by looking at how nationalism was incorporated in the self-narrations of the letters and identifies emotions and gender as central elements in the construction of the national experience. The nationally interpreted male and female ideals formed the basis for the emotional relationship. The cause required gendered sacrifices, partly contradictory to the stereotypes: the man cast himself as an emotional national hero, the woman had to exercise stronger emotional control for his benefit. The chapter argues that the power of nationalism lay in its tight connection to profound, personally experienced meanings and motivations.
Divided Nation on Records: The Transnational Formation of Finnish Popular Music During the Gramophone Fever
Authors: Tikka Marko , Suodenjoki Sami 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTikka and Suodenjoki explore how imported gramophone records shaped the idea of Finnish popular music and thereby fed the experiences of the nation among Finnish consumers in the late 1920s. They focus on Finnish-American records, which were imported to Finland by transnational agents during the so-called gramophone fever. As these records reached consumers, they tapped into experience communities that were based on the deep political divides of the newly independent nation-state, which had witnessed a Civil War in 1918. In a very short period of time, modern popular music, played and danced to in homes and public spaces, became a key means by which people lived out the nation and its class-based demarcations in their everyday practices.
On the planar limit of 3d $$ {\mathrm{T}}_{\rho}^{\sigma}\left[\mathrm{SU}\left(\mathrm{N}\right)\right] $$
Authors: Coccia Lorenzo , Uhlemann Christoph F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We discuss a limit of 3d $$ {T}_{\rho}^{\sigma}\left[\mathrm{SU}(N)\right] $$

T
ρ
σ

SU

N

quiver gauge theories in which the number of nodes is large and the ranks scale quadratically with the length of the quiver. The sphere free energies and topologically twisted indices are obtained using supersymmetric localization. Both scale quartically with the length of the quiver and quadratically with N, with trilogarithm functions depending on the quiver data as coefficients. The IR SCFTs have well-behaved supergravity duals in Type IIB, and the free energies match precisely with holographic results. Previously discussed theories with N2 ln N scaling arise as limiting cases. Each balanced 3d quiver theory is linked to a 5d parent, whose matrix model is related and dominated by the same saddle point, leading to close relations between BPS observables.
Multifocality and Progression of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma During Active Surveillance
Authors: Nagaoka Ryuta , Ebina Aya , Toda Kazuhisa , Jikuzono Tomoo , Saitou Marie , Sen Masaomi , Kazusaka Hiroko , Matsui Mami , Yamada Keiko , Mitani Hiroki , Sugitani Iwao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundProspective trials of active surveillance (AS) have shown low rates of progression in low‐risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC; T1aN0M0). However, the significance of multifocality as a prognostic factor remains controversial.MethodsData from 571 patients (mean age, 53.1 years; 495 females) who underwent AS were reviewed. PTMC was unifocal in 457 patients (80.0%) and multifocal in 114 patients (20.0%), with 2–5 lesions each (261 tumors in total). Tumor progression was defined as tumor size enlargement ≥ 3 mm and/or development of clinically evident lymph node metastasis (LNM).ResultsAfter a mean duration of AS of 7.6 years, 53 patients (9.3%) showed tumor enlargement and 8 patients (1.4%) developed LNM. The 10‐year progression rate was 13.1%. Age, sex, and calcification pattern did not differ significantly between uni‐ and multifocal diseases. However, anti‐thyroglobulin antibody and/or anti‐thyroid peroxidase antibody was more frequently positive with multifocal PTMCs (46.7%) than with unifocal disease (34.4%, p = 0.024). Patients with uni‐ and multifocal disease showed no significant differences in 10‐year rate of tumor enlargement (11.4% vs. 14.8%), LNM development (1.1% vs. 2.4%), or progression (12.4% vs 15.9%). Multivariate analysis of predictors for progression showed multifocality was not a significant risk factor (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.79–2.54; p = 0.22). Eventually, 9 patients (7.9%) with multifocal PTMCs underwent surgery and 7 needed total thyroidectomy, although 7 still showed T1N0M0 low‐risk cancer.ConclusionsEven patients with multiple PTMCs (T1amN0M0) are good candidates for AS. Many patients can avoid total thyroidectomy and subsequent surgical complications.
Muskuloskeletale Erkrankungen und die kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktion – eine mögliche Ursache für nichterholsamen Schlaf
Authors: Losert-Bruggner Brigitte , Hülse Manfred , Hülse Roland 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Methode
Kiefer- und Kopfgelenke bilden eine kybernetische Einheit. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen schlechtem Schlaf und der kraniozervikalen (CCD) bzw. kraniomandibulären Dysfunktion (CMD) zu ermitteln.

Ergebnisse
Von den 606 untersuchten CMD-CCD-Patienten mit schlechtem Schlaf waren 65,4 % der Patienten weiblich, 34,6 % männlich; 90,3 % erfüllten zusätzlich die diagnostischen Kriterien des Fibromyalgiesyndroms der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften. Durch die synchrone Therapie der CMD bzw. CCD und der funktionellen Wirbelsäulenstörungen konnten bei 85 % der bislang therapieresistenten CMD-CCD-Patienten mit schlechtem Schlaf eine gute Besserung der Beschwerden im Körper und bei 81,5 % eine gute Schlafbesserung erzielt werden.

Diskussion
Die CMD/CCD kann als Folge chronischer Schmerzen auftreten. Umgekehrt kann eine CMD/CCD auch eine muskuloskeletale Störung hervorrufen oder unterhalten. Chronische Schmerzen können den Schlaf stören. Bei der Diagnose und Behandlung von Schlafstörungen muss auch auf eine CMD/CCD hin untersucht und diese ggf. mitbehandelt werden.
A quasi-monolithic phase-field description for mixed-mode fracture using predictor–corrector mesh adaptivity
Authors: Fan Meng , Jin Yan , Wick Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, we develop a mixed-mode phase-field fracture model employing a parallel-adaptive quasi-monolithic framework. In nature, failure of rocks and rock-like materials is usually accompanied by the propagation of mixed-mode fractures. To address this aspect, some recent studies have incorporated mixed-mode fracture propagation criteria to classical phase-field fracture models, and new energy splitting methods were proposed to split the total crack driving energy into mode-I and mode-II parts. As extension in this work, a splitting method for masonry-like materials is modified and incorporated into the mixed-mode phase-field fracture model. A robust, accurate and efficient parallel-adaptive quasi-monolithic framework serves as basis for the implementation of our new model. Three numerical tests are carried out, and the results of the new model are compared to those of existing models, demonstrating the numerical robustness and physical soundness of the new model. In total, six models are computationally analyzed and compared.
Prevalence of pain, analgesic self-medication and mental health in German pre-hospital emergency medical service personnel: a nationwide survey pilot-study
Authors: Möckel Luis , Gerhard Angela , Mohr Mara , Armbrust Christoph Immanuel , Möckel Christina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of pain, the extent of analgesics intake and the mental health status of German pre-hospital emergency medical service (EMS) personnel.

Methods
We conducted a nationwide online survey, which consisted of sociodemographic and job-related items, questions on pain and analgesics intake and the short-version of the validated Depression–Anxiety–Stress Scale (DASS-21).

Results
A total of 774 EMS personnel with a mean age of 33.03 (standard error [SE] 0.37) years were included into the final analysis of which 23.77% were female. Pain was reported by 58.64% (454 of 774) of the study participants with 10.72% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.54%; 13.29%) suffering from chronic, 1.68% (95% CI 0.89%; 2.87%) from acute and 46.25% (95% CI 41.49%; 51.30%) from recurrent pain, respectively. Most frequent location of pain was lumbar spine. Analgesics were used by 52.76% (239 of 454) of pre-hospital EMS personnel with pain (acute 76.92% / chronic 69.88% / recurrent 47.90%). Moreover, participants with chronic and recurrent pain indicated significantly higher depression (p ≤ 0.001), anxiety (p ≤ 0.001), and stress (p ≤ 0.001) levels compared to those without pain, respectively.

Conclusion
This study indicates a high prevalence of pain and analgesics usage in participating German pre-hospital EMS personnel and a poorer mental health in those with chronic and recurrent pain. Therefore, disease prevention and health promotion measures are needed to preserve health of pre-hospital EMS personnel.
Two dimensionless parameters and a mechanical analogue for the HKB model of motor coordination
Authors: Cass J. F. , Hogan S. J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe widely cited Haken–Kelso–Bunz (HKB) model of motor coordination is used in an enormous range of applications. In this paper, we show analytically that the weakly damped, weakly coupled HKB model of two oscillators depends on only two dimensionless parameters; the ratio of the linear damping coefficient and the linear coupling coefficient and the ratio of the combined nonlinear damping coefficients and the combined nonlinear coupling coefficients. We illustrate our results with a mechanical analogue. We use our analytic results to predict behaviours in arbitrary parameter regimes and show how this led us to explain and extend recent numerical continuation results of the full HKB model. The key finding is that the HKB model contains a significant amount of behaviour in biologically relevant parameter regimes not yet observed in experiments or numerical simulations. This observation has implications for the development of virtual partner interaction and the human dynamic clamp, and potentially for the HKB model itself.
The life cycle of SPβ and related phages
Authors: Kohm Katharina , Hertel Robert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhages are viruses of bacteria and are the smallest and most common biological entities in the environment. They can reproduce immediately after infection or integrate as a prophage into their host genome. SPβ is a prophage of the Gram-positive model organismBacillus subtilis168, and it has been known for more than 50 years. It is sensitive to dsDNA damage and is induced through exposure to mitomycin C or UV radiation. When induced from the prophage, SPβ requires 90 min to produce and release about 30 virions. Genomes of sequenced related strains range between 128 and 140 kb, and particle-packed dsDNA exhibits terminal redundancy. Formed particles are of theSiphoviridaemorphotype. Related isolates are known to infect otherB.subtilisclade members. When infecting a new host, SPβ presumably follows a two-step strategy, adsorbing primarily to teichoic acid and secondarily to a yet unknown factor. Once in the host, SPβ-related phages pass through complex lysis–lysogeny decisions and either enter a lytic cycle or integrate as a dormant prophage. As prophages, SPβ-related phages integrate at the host chromosome's replication terminus, and frequently into thespsMorkamAgene. As a prophage, it imparts additional properties to its host via phage-encoded proteins. The most notable of these functional proteins is sublancin 168, which is used as a molecular weapon by the host and ensures prophage maintenance. In this review, we summarise the existing knowledge about the biology of the phage regarding its life cycle and discuss its potential as a research object.
N-Propargylglycine: a unique suicide inhibitor of proline dehydrogenase with anticancer activity and brain-enhancing mitohormesis properties
Authors: Scott Gary K. , Mahoney Sophia , Scott Madeleine , Loureiro Ashley , Lopez-Ramirez Alejandro , Tanner John J. , Ellerby Lisa M. , Benz Christopher C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProline dehydrogenase (PRODH) is a mitochondrial inner membrane flavoprotein critical for cancer cell survival under stress conditions and newly recognized as a potential target for cancer drug development. Reversible (competitive) and irreversible (suicide) inhibitors of PRODH have been shown in vivo to inhibit cancer cell growth with excellent host tolerance. Surprisingly, the PRODH suicide inhibitor N-propargylglycine (N-PPG) also induces rapid decay of PRODH with concordant upregulation of mitochondrial chaperones (HSP-60, GRP-75) and the inner membrane protease YME1L1, signifying activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) independent of anticancer activity. The present study was undertaken to address two aims: (i) use PRODH overexpressing human cancer cells (ZR-75-1) to confirm the UPRmt inducing properties of N-PPG relative to another equipotent irreversible PRODH inhibitor, thiazolidine-2-carboxylate (T2C); and (ii) employ biochemical and transcriptomic approaches to determine if orally administered N-PPG can penetrate the blood–brain barrier, essential for its future use as a brain cancer therapeutic, and also potentially protect normal brain tissue by inducing mitohormesis. Oral daily treatments of N-PPG produced a dose-dependent decline in brain mitochondrial PRODH protein without detectable impairment in mouse health; furthermore, mice repeatedly dosed with 50 mg/kg N-PPG showed increased brain expression of the mitohormesis associated protease, YME1L1. Whole brain transcriptome (RNAseq) analyses of these mice revealed significant gene set enrichment in N-PPG stimulated neural processes (FDR p < 0.05). Given this in vivo evidence of brain bioavailability and neural mitohormesis induction, N-PPG appears to be unique among anticancer agents and should be evaluated for repurposing as a pharmaceutical capable of mitigating the proteotoxic mechanisms driving neurodegenerative disorders.
Testing stability prop﻿erties in graphical hedonic games
Authors: Fichtenberger Hendrik , Rey Anja 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn hedonic games, players form coalitions based on individual preferences over the group of players they could belong to. Several concepts to describe the stability of coalition structures in a game have been proposed and analysed in the literature. However, prior research focuses on algorithms with time complexity that is at least linear in the input size. In the light of very large games that arise from, e.g., social networks and advertising, we initiate the study of sublinear time property testing algorithms for existence and verification problems under several notions of coalition stability in a model of hedonic games represented by graphs with bounded degree. In graph property testing, one shall decide whether a given input has a property (e.g., a game admits a stable coalition structure) or is far from it, i.e., one has to modify at least an $$\epsilon$$
ϵ
-fraction of the input (e.g., the game’s preferences) to make it have the property. In particular, we consider verification of perfection, individual rationality, Nash stability, (contractual) individual stability, and core stability. While there is always a Nash-stable coalition structure (which also implies individually stable coalitions), we show that the existence of a perfect coalition structure is not tautological but can be tested. All our testers have one-sided error and time complexity that is independent of the input size.
Acceptability of an Intervention to Promote Viral Suppression and Serostatus Disclosure for Men Living with HIV in South Africa: Qualitative Findings
Authors: Mathenjwa Mxolisi , Khidir Hazar , Milford Cecilia , Mosery Nzwakie , Rambally Greener Letitia , Pratt Madeline C. , O’Neil Kasey , Harrison Abigail , Bangsberg David R. , Safren Steven A. , Smit Jennifer A. , Psaros Christina , Matthews Lynn T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMen living with HIV (MLWH) often have reproductive goals that can increase HIV-transmission risks to their pregnancy partners. We developed a safer conception intervention for MLWH in South Africa employing cognitive behavioral skills to promote serostatus disclosure, ART uptake, and viral suppression. MLWH were recruited from an HIV clinic near Durban, South Africa, and encouraged to include partners in follow-up visits. Exit in-depth interviews were conducted with eleven men and one female partner. The emerging over-arching theme is that safer conception care mitigates internalized and community-level HIV-stigma among MLWH. Additional related sub-themes include: (1) safer conception care acceptability is high but structural barriers challenge participation; (2) communication skills trainings helped overcome barriers to disclose serostatus; (3) feasibility and perceived effectiveness of strategies informed safer conception method selection. Our findings suggest that offering safer conception care to MLWH is a novel stigma-reducing strategy for motivating HIV prevention and treatment and serostatus disclosure to partners.
Undisclosed Antiretroviral Therapy Use at Primary Health Care Clinics in Rural KwaZulu Natal South Africa: A DO-ART Trial Sub-study
Authors: Sithole Nsika , Gunda Resign , Koole Olivier , Krows Meighan , Schaafsma Torin , Moshabela Mosa , Siedner Mark J. , Celum Connie , Barnabas Ruanne V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccurate reporting of antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake is crucial for measuring the success of epidemic control. Programs without linked electronic medical records are susceptible to duplicating ART initiation events. We assessed the prevalence of undisclosed ART use at the time of treatment initiation and explored its correlates among people presenting to public ambulatory clinics in South Africa. Data were analyzed from the community-based delivery of ART (DO ART) clinical trial, which recruited people living with HIV who presented for ART initiation at two clinics in rural South Africa. We collected data on socioeconomic factors, clinical factors, and collected blood as part of study screening procedures. We estimated the proportion of individuals presenting for ART initiation with viral load suppression (< 20 copies/mL) and fitted regression models to identify social and clinical correlates of non-disclosure of ART use. We also explored clinical and national databases to identify records of ART use. Finally, to confirm surreptitious ART use, we measured tenofovir (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) levels in dried blood spots. A total of 193 people were screened at the two clinics. Approximately 60% (n = 114) were female, 40% (n = 78) reported a prior HIV test, 23% (n = 44) had disclosed to a partner, and 31% (n = 61) had a partner with HIV. We found that 32% (n = 62) of individuals presenting for ART initiation or re-initiation had an undetectable viral load. In multivariable regression models, female sex (AOR 2.16, 95% CI 1.08–4.30), having a prior HIV test and having disclosed their HIV status (AOR 2.48, 95% CI 1.13–5.46), and having a partner with HIV (AOR 1.94, 95% CI 0.95–3.96) were associated with having an undetectable viral load. In records we reviewed, we found evidence of ART use from either clinical or laboratory databases in 68% (42/62) and detected either TDF or FTC in 60% (37/62) of individuals with an undetectable viral load. Undisclosed ART use was present in approximately one in three individuals presenting for ART initiation or re-initiation at ambulatory HIV clinics in South Africa. These results have important implications for ART resource use and planning in the region. A better understanding of reasons for non-disclosure of ART at primary health care clinics in such settings is needed.
Male Partner Involvement and Development of HIV-exposed Infants in Rural South Africa
Authors: Matseke Motlagabo Gladys , Ruiter Robert A. C. , Rodriguez Violeta J. , Peltzer Karl , Jones Deborah L. , Sifunda Sibusiso 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMale partner involvement (MPI) during the prenatal and postnatal periods has been proven to have a beneficial effect on infant development. Infants born to HIV seropositive mothers with lacking or no prenatal and postnatal male partner support may be at a higher risk for adverse developmental outcomes. This study examined the effect of MPI on cognitive, communicative, fine, and gross motor development in 160 infants born to HIV seropositive mothers attending Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services in rural South Africa. Results of the bivariate logistic regression showed that both prenatal (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.01, 1.26; p < 0.05) and postnatal MPI (at 12 months) (1.19; 1.07, 1.31; p < 0.005) were associated with risk for delayed gross motor development in HIV exposed infants. Decreased postnatal MPI (0.85; 0.75, 0.98; p < 0.05) was significantly associated with risk for delayed cognitive development. Not living together with a male partner (2.01; 1.06, 3.80; p < 0.05) was significantly associated with risk for delayed cognitive development. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, decreased postnatal MPI (0.85; 0.75, 0.98; p < 0.05) was significantly associated with risk for delayed cognitive development. On the other hand, postnatal MPI (1.30; 1.12, 1.50; p < 0.005) was associated with risk for delayed gross motor development among HIV exposed infants. Increased MPI can have beneficial effects on infants’ cognitive development. Interventions in PMTCT programs should promote increased prenatal and postnatal MPI to improve cognitive development in HIV exposed infants.