bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐Stretchable Self‐Healing Composite Hydrogels as Touch Panel
Authors: Han Chuang , Yang Fan , Guo Xingkui , Bai Yujiao , Liu Guanjun , Sun Huiqi , Wang Peipei , Liu Wenbo , Wang Rongguo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDevelopment of ultra‐stretchable and sensitive soft touch panel is of great importance for broad applications in artificial intelligence, wearable devices, and soft robotics. However, traditional human‐computer interfaces (HCIs) suffer from the discomfort and asynchronous signals in current application scenarios. Herein, a hydrogel‐based self‐healing touch panel, which is highly deformable, and both mechanically and electrically self‐healable, has been successfully developed from a poly(N,N′‐dimethylacrylamide)/silica hydrogel which possesses an ultra‐high stretchability >3800%. A surface‐capacitive touch mechanism is adopted to sense a touched position. The panel can be operated under high areal strain without sacrificing its functionalities. Skin touch panel is constructed and adhered to human skin, with the strong performance and self‐healing ability demonstrated by writing words and playing games.
Integration of Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Implantable Probes
Authors: Han Sanggil , Polyravas Anastasios G. , Wustoni Shofarul , Inal Sahika , Malliaras George G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are widely used as amplifying transducers of biological signals due to their high transconductance and biocompatibility. For implantable applications that penetrate into tissue, OECTs need to be integrated onto narrow probes. The scarcity of real estate necessitates the use of small local gate electrodes and narrow interconnects. This work shows that both of these factors lead to a decrease in the maximum transconductance and an increase in gate voltage required to attain this maximum. This work further shows that coating the gate electrode with a thick conducting polymer improves performance. These findings help guide the development of efficient OECTs on implantable probes.
Syntheses of the (±)‐, (+)‐, and (−)‐Forms of 2‐Amino‐3‐(8‐hydroxyquinolin‐3‐yl)propanoic Acid (8HQ‐3Ala) from a Common Dehydroamino Acid Methyl Ester Precursor
Authors: Banwell Martin G. , Schwartz Brett D. , Bissember Alex C. , Herlt Tony , Willis Anthony C. , Gardiner Michael G. , Illesinghe Jayamini , Robinson Andrea J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe (±)‐, (+)‐ and (−)‐forms of 2‐amino‐3‐(8‐hydroxyquinolin‐3‐yl)‐propanoic acid (1 or 8HQ‐3Ala) have been prepared from o‐methoxyacetanilide (2). A combination of Vilsmeier‐Haack, Erlenmeyer‐Plöchl and methanolysis reactions was used to convert compound 2 into the Z‐configured dehydroamino acid derivative 5. Catalytic hydrogenation of the latter compound then gave, after reductive dechlorination and demethylation steps, compound (±)‐1. Asymmetric hydrogenation of compound 5 using a rhodium precatalyst and an enantiopure DuPhos‐type ligand selectively delivered either acid (+)‐1 or (−)‐1. The structure, including absolute configuration, of the latter product was confirmed through single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of the corresponding HBr mono salt.
Skeletal evidence of structural violence among undocumented migrants from Mexico and Central America
Authors: Beatrice Jared S. , Soler Angela , Reineke Robin C. , Martínez Daniel E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe examine the prevalence and sociodemographic risk factors of skeletal indicators of stress in forensic samples of undocumented migrants from Mexico and Central America.Materials and methodsCranial and dental remains of 319 migrants recovered in the Arizona and Texas borderlands were assessed for porotic hyperostosis (PH), cribra orbitalia (CO), and linear enamel hypoplasias (LEH). Logistic regression models for each condition were estimated to test for associations with biological sex, age, recovery location, and whether individuals were identified. Additional models estimated for a subsample of identified migrants included region of origin, residential context, and community indigeneity.ResultsThe full sample shows moderate crude prevalence of CO (9.6%) and LEH (34.1%), and a high prevalence of PH (49.6%). Significantly higher odds of PH are associated with being male (2.16 times higher), unidentified (1.89 times higher), and recovered in Arizona (3.76 times higher). Among identified migrants, we fail to find associations significant at thep < 0.05 level between skeletal stress and all sociodemographic variables except age.DiscussionThe factors associated with PH may be related to influences on decisions to migrate and diversity among migrant sending regions. The skeletal evidence for early life stress is generally consistent with common public health concerns among impoverished communities in the region. The lesions themselves are viewed as embodied risk of physiological disturbance when resource access is structured by higher‐level social, economic, and political forces. Forensic anthropologists would benefit from increased sensitivity to embodied structural violence among the vulnerable individuals and communities they serve.
Iron‐Catalyzed Reductive Cyclization by Hydromagnesiation: A Modular Strategy Towards N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Loup Joachim , Larin Egor M. , Lautens Mark 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA reductive cyclization to prepare a variety of N‐heterocycles, through the use of ortho‐vinylanilides, is reported. The reaction is catalyzed by an inexpensive and bench‐stable iron complex and generally occurs at ambient temperature. The transformation likely proceeds through hydromagnesiation of the vinyl group, and trapping of the in situ generated benzylic anion by an intramolecular electrophile to form the heterocycle. This iron‐catalyzed strategy was shown to be broadly applicable and was utilized in the synthesis of substituted indoles, oxindoles and tetrahydrobenzoazepinoindolone derivatives. Mechanistic studies indicated that the reversibility of the hydride transfer step depends on the reactivity of the tethered electrophile. The synthetic utility of our approach was further demonstrated by the formal synthesis of a reported bioactive compound and a family of natural products.
Anodische dehydrierende Cyaniminierung von Thioethern: eine einfache und nachhaltige Synthese von N‐Cyansulfiliminen
Authors: Klein Martin , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEs wurde ein neuer und einfach durchzuführender elektrochemischer Ansatz zur Herstellung einiger N‐Cyansulfilimine in guten bis exzellenten Ausbeuten entwickelt. Diese Methode ermöglicht einen Zugang zu biologisch aktiven Sulfoximinen durch Folgeoxidation mit elektrochemisch erzeugtem Periodat. Die Synthese kann problemlos in Gramm‐Maßstäbe hochskaliert werden. Die S,N‐Kupplung wird dabei durch direkte Oxidation des Sulfids an einer kosteneffizienten Kohlenstoffelektrode durchgeführt. Der so etablierte Prozess besitzt eine gute Atomeffizienz und stellt eine neue und “grünere” Methode zur Synthese von Sulfiliminen und Sulfoximinen dar.
Media‐Driven Pd‐Catalyzed Reaction Cascades with 1,3‐Diynamides Leading Selectively to Either Indoles or Quinolines
Authors: Lenko Illia , Mamontov Alexander , Alayrac Carole , Legay Rémi , Witulski Bernhard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDivergent Pd‐catalyzed reaction cascades with various 1,3‐diynamides yielding either 2‐amino‐3‐alkynylindoles or 2‐amino‐4‐alkenylquinolines were established. Omitting or adding TBAF (tetrabutylammonium fluoride) to the reaction of N,N‐(2‐iodophenyl)(4‐toluenesulfonyl)‐1,3‐diynamides with secondary or primary amines in the presence of KOH in THF and catalytic amounts of Pd(PPh3)4 completely changed the outcome of the reaction. In the absence of TBAF, 2‐amino‐3‐alkynylindoles were the sole products, while the presence of TBAF switched the product formation to 2‐amino‐4‐alkenylquinolines. Deuterium labeling proceeded selectively at the C3 and C11 positions of the 2‐amino‐4‐alkenylquinoline products and this suggests the unprecedented formation of [4]cumulenimines from 1,3‐diynamides as reactive key intermediates.
Single Particle Nanoelectrochemistry Reveals the Catalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity of Co3O4 Nanocubes
Authors: Quast Thomas , Varhade Swapnil , Saddeler Sascha , Chen Yen‐Ting , Andronescu Corina , Schulz Stephan , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCo3O4 nanocubes are evaluated concerning their intrinsic electrocatalytic activity towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by means of single‐entity electrochemistry. Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) provides data on the electrocatalytic OER activity from several individual measurement areas covering one Co3O4 nanocube of a comparatively high number of individual particles with sufficient statistical reproducibility. Single‐particle‐on‐nanoelectrode measurements of Co3O4 nanocubes provide an accelerated stress test at highly alkaline conditions with current densities of up to 5.5 A cm−2, and allows to derive TOF values of up to 2.8×104 s−1 at 1.92 V vs. RHE for surface Co atoms of a single cubic nanoparticle. Obtaining such high current densities combined with identical‐location transmission electron microscopy allows monitoring the formation of an oxy(hydroxide) surface layer during electrocatalysis. Combining two independent single‐entity electrochemistry techniques provides the basis for elucidating structure–activity relations of single electrocatalyst nanoparticles with well‐defined surface structure.
Effect of different aromatic groups on photovoltaic performance of 1,1′‐bis (diphenylphosphino)ferrocene functionalized Ni (II) dithiolates as sensitizers in dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Singh Amita , Dutta Archisman , Srivastava Devyani , Kociok‐Köhn Gabriele , Chauhan Ratna , Gosavi Suresh W. , Kumar Abhinav , Muddassir Mohd. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA series of five new heteroleptic 1,1′‐bis (diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) appended nickel (II) dithiolates namely, [Ni (dppf)(benzylcyanidedithiolate)] (Bz‐Ni), [Ni (dppf)(2‐cyanobenzylcyanidedithiolate)] (CN‐Ph‐Ni) and [Ni (dppf)(pyridine‐2‐cyanidedithiolate)] (2‐Py‐Ni), [Ni (dppf)(pyridine‐3‐cyanidedithiolate)] (3‐Py‐Ni), Ni (dppf)(thiophene‐2‐cyanidedithiolate)] (Th‐Ni) have been prepared and characterized using spectroscopic techniques and in one case by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis for CN‐Ph‐Ni. The geometry around Ni (II) in CN‐Ph‐Ni is distorted square planar which is fulfilled by two S and two P centers of dithiolate and dppf ligand, respectively. The electronic absorption spectra for sensitizers display major bands between 400 and 550 nm that could be ascribed to an intra‐molecular charge transfer (ICT) between the ferrocene and functionalized dithiolates to engender an efficient charge separated state. All these newly synthesized compounds are used as sensitizers in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The photovoltaic performances for the five featured sensitizers follow the order 3‐Py‐Ni>2‐Py‐Ni˃CN‐Ph‐Ni˃Bz‐Ni˃Th‐Ni. The assembly fabricated with 3‐Py‐Ni displays Jsc of 13.15 mA cm−2 and Voc of −0.633 with conversion efficiency (η) and incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 5.05% and 52%, respectively. The relatively slower charge recombination, greater dye loading capacity on TiO2 nano‐particulate and relative smaller total resistance are the possible reasons behind the superior photovoltaic performance of the cell fabricated using the 3‐Py‐Ni as sensitizer. Also, density of states calculations have been performed which suggested that in the best performer 3‐Py‐Ni+(TiO2)30 cell set‐up, the minimum inter‐band excitation energy lies ~1.4 eV. Also, efficient electron coupling between sensitizer and (TiO2)30 results in efficient sensitization of TiO2 nanocluster.
Assessing the societal benefits of mahseer (Tor spp.) fishes to strengthen the basis for their conservation
Authors: Everard Mark , Pinder Adrian C. , Claussen Julie E. , Orr Stuart 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Mahseer (Tor spp., Cyprinidae) are iconic, large‐bodied, migratory freshwater fishes of Asian rivers. Long valued as a food source and serving other societal roles, these fishes are severely threatened by a broad range of interacting and escalating human impacts, including dam construction, water pollution, over‐exploitation, and habitat destruction. Mahseer fishes are therefore beneficial to people, both directly and as indicators of ecosystem functionality and the associated ecosystem service benefits provided by the rivers that they inhabit.
A literature review demonstrated that wild mahseer populations have a direct role in 11 of the 36 ecosystem services assessed and are indicative of a further 18 ecosystem services provided by the habitats that support them.
Recognition of this range of ecosystem service benefits is helpful in describing to non‐specialist public and policy‐making communities the diversity of values provided by mahseer fishes and their supporting habitats, and hence the importance of their conservation.
Assessment of the broad range of ecosystem services to which mahseer contribute is an approach that could usefully be applied to promote the benefits of conserving other ‘umbrella’ taxa and the habitats that support them.
Selective Synthesis and Characterization of the Highly Energetic Materials 1‐Hydroxy‐5H‐tetrazole (CHN4O), its Anion 1‐Oxido‐5H‐tetrazolate (CN4O−) and Bis(1‐hydroxytetrazol‐5‐yl)triazene
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Kofen Moritz , Schmidt Laszlo , Stierstorfer Jörg , Wurzenberger Maximilian H. H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFor the first time, an adequate selective synthesis, circumventing the formation of 2‐hydroxy‐5H‐tetrazole, of 1‐hydroxy‐5H‐tetrazole (HTO), as well as the synthesis of bis(1‐hydroxytetrazol‐5‐yl)triazene (H3T) are reported. Several salts thereof were synthesized and characterized which resulted in the formation of new primary and secondary explosives containing the 1‐oxidotetrazolate unit. Molecular structures are characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, 1H and 13C NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. Calculation of the detonation performance using the Explo5 code confirmed the energetic properties of 1‐hydroxy‐5H‐tetrazole. The detonation properties can be adjusted to the requirements for those of a secondary explosive by forming the hydroxylammonium (6) or hydrazinium (7) salts, or to meet the requirements of a primary explosive by forming the silver salt 4, which shows a fast DDT on contact with a flame. The sensitivities of all compounds towards external stimuli such as impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge were measured.
Simulation Study of the Conformational Properties of Diblock Polyelectrolytes in Salt Solutions
Authors: Dabhade Akash , Chaudhury Srabanti 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCoarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations are performed to understand the behavior of diblock polyelectrolytes in solutions of divalent salt by studying the conformations of chains over a wide range of salt concentrations. The polymer molecules are modeled as bead spring chains with different charged fractions and the counterions and salt ions are incorporated explicitly. Upon addition of a divalent salt, the salt cations replace the monovalent counterions, and the condensation of divalent salt cations onto the polyelectrolyte increases, and the chains favor to collapse. The condensation of ions changes with the salt concentration and depends on the charged fraction. Also, the degree of collapse at a given salt concentration changes with the increasing valency of the counterion due to the bridging effect. As a quantitative measure of the distribution of counterions around the polyelectrolyte chain, we study the radial distribution function between monomers on different polyelectrolytes and the counterions inside the counterion worm surrounding a polymer chain at different concentrations of the divalent salt. Our simulation results show a strong dependence of salt concentration on the conformational properties of diblock copolymers and indicate that it can tune the self‐assembly behaviors of such charged polyelectrolyte block copolymers.
XR game development as a tool for authentic, experiential, and collaborative learning
Authors: Cook Jim , Brown Martin , Sellwood Matthew , Campbell Craig , Kouppas Paul , Poronnik Philip 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis brief review provides insights into the recent advances made by the Unity game engine into education and the ways that learning resources can be used to teach novice bioscience students to use the VR/AR affordances of the platform. We present our own practises for implementation of a novel gamification task for final‐year bioscience students and reflect on the changes we have had to make in order to overcome challenges presented by the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Fourth‐generation glucose sensors composed of copper nanostructures for diabetes management: A critical review
Authors: Naikoo Gowhar A. , Awan Tasbiha , Salim Hiba , Arshad Fareeha , Hassan Israr U. , Pedram Mona Zamani , Ahmed Waqar , Faruck Hakkim L. , Aljabali Alaa A. A. , Mishra Vijay , Serrano‐Aroca Ángel , Goyal Rohit , Negi Poonam , Birkett Martin , Nasef Mohamed M. , Charbe Nitin B. , Bakshi Hamid A. , Tambuwala Murtaza M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMore than five decades have been invested in understanding glucose biosensors. Yet, this immensely versatile field has continued to gain attention from the scientific world to better understand and diagnose diabetes. However, such extensive work done to improve glucose sensing devices has still not yielded desirable results. Drawbacks like the necessity of the invasive finger‐pricking step and the lack of optimization of diagnostic interventions still need to be considered to improve the testing process of diabetic patients. To upgrade the glucose‐sensing devices and reduce the number of intermediary steps during glucose measurement, fourth‐generation glucose sensors (FGGS) have been introduced. These sensors, made using robust electrocatalytic copper nanostructures, improve diagnostic efficiency and cost‐effectiveness. This review aims to present the essential scientific progress in copper nanostructure‐based FGGS in the past 10 years (2010 to present). After a short introduction, we presented the working principles of these sensors. We then highlighted the importance of copper nanostructures as advanced electrode materials to develop reliable real‐time FGGS. Finally, we cover the advantages, shortcomings, and prospects for developing highly sensitive, stable, and specific FGGS.
Gastric adenocarcinoma burden and late‐stage diagnosis in Latino and non‐Latino populations in the United States and Texas, during 2004–2016: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Long Parma Dorothy , Schmidt Susanne , Muñoz Edgar , Ramirez Amelie G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundGastric cancer disproportionately affects Latinos, but little is known about regional effects and risk factors. We compared primary incidence, late‐stage diagnosis, and risk factors for gastric adenocarcinoma (GCA) from 2004 to 2016 in Latinos and non‐Latinos in the United States, Texas (TX), and South Texas (STX).MethodsWe collected case data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) and the Texas Cancer Registry. We generated average annual age‐adjusted incidence rates, rate ratios (RRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using SEER*Stat software and analyzed the cases by anatomic site, demographics, and county‐level risk factors using SAS 9.4. We constructed multilevel logistic regression models for late‐stage GCA, adjusting for patient‐ and county‐level characteristics.ResultsLatinos had higher overall GCA incidence rates in all regions, with the greatest disparities in overlap GCA in STX males (RR 4.39; 95% CI: 2.85, 6.93). There were no differences in cardia GCA rates for non‐Hispanic Whites (NHWs) and Latino women in all regions. Younger patients, patients with overlapping or not otherwise specified (NOS) lesions, and patients diagnosed during 2012–2016 had higher odds of late‐stage GCA. The stratification by location showed no differences in late‐stage disease between NHWs and Latinos. The stratification by anatomic site showed Latinos with cardia GCA were more likely to have late‐stage GCA than NHWs (OR: 1.13, p = 0.008). At the county level, higher odds of late‐stage GCA were associated with medium and high social deprivation levels in TX without STX (OR: 1.25 and 1.20, p = 0.007 and 0.028, respectively), and medium social deprivation index (SDI) in patients with NOS GCA (OR: 1.21, p = 0.01).ConclusionsSTX Latinos experience greater GCA disparities than those in TX and the United States. Younger age and social deprivation increase the risk for late‐stage GCA, while Latinos and women are at higher risk specifically for late‐stage cardia GCA. There is a need for population‐specific, culturally responsive intervention and prevention measures, and additional research to elucidate contributing risk factors.
Biochemical Investigation of 3‐Sulfopropionaldehyde Reductase HpfD
Authors: An Junwei , Wei Yifeng , Liu Jiayi , Lui Ang Ee , Zhao Huimin , Zhang Yan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSulfoquinovose is the polar headgroup of plant sulfolipids and is a globally abundant organosulfur compound, and its degradation by bacteria is an important component of the sulfur cycle. Sulfoquinovose degradation by certain bacteria, including Escherichia coli, produces dihydroxypropanesulfonate (DHPS), which is further converted by anaerobic bacteria into 3‐hydroxypropanesulfonate (3‐HPS), through the catalytic action of DHPS dehydratase (a member of the glycyl radical enzyme family), and sulfopropionaldehyde reductase HpfD (a member of the metal‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenase family). Here we report biochemical investigation of Hungatella hathewayi HpfD. In addition to 3‐HPS, HpfD also displayed high catalytic activities for NAD+‐dependent oxidation of 4‐hydroxybutanesulfonate (4‐HBS) and γ‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB). The highest activity was obtained with Fe2+ or Mn2+ as the divalent metal cofactor. Bioinformatics studies suggest that, in addition to DHPS degradation, 3‐HPS and γ‐aminobutyrate (GABA) degradations also involve HpfD homologs.