bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Hall Effect in Semiconductor for Current Sensors Applications
Authors: Mahmood Natheer B , Hamodi Ali , Jaffar Zahraa M , Saeed Farqad R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hall effect simulation program was designed using a numerical direct and iterative method. The validity of this program was checked by comparing it with practical results. This program can be used as the basis for designing electrical current sensors, magnetic sensors, and integrated circuits depending on Hall effect, Moreover the program support researchers for their practical tests. The designed program was used to study the effect of different parameters on the designing of sensors built on the Hall effect, these parameters are magnetic field, electrical current, type of semiconductor, and the dimension of material. The results showed that the Hall voltage is sensitive to the magnetic field and electric current changes, while the hall voltage is constant with a variation of the sample dimensions. The results showed that the Hall experiment is sensitive to these parameters, especially to the thickness. The simulation software results will enhance the practical applications of the sensors.
Detecting fraudulent of fuel level on LED digitized display using IoT sensors
Authors: Varsha G. , Allam Sharath Kumar , Ramireddy Vasundhara 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fuel prices are soaring day by day. Because of this, there is a great deal of increment in fuel fraud cases. In order to aid people in their vehicle’s fuel theft detection, this paper examines the ability of the system to perform a task which detects the fraud at the filling station. The real-time problem which is now happening in the filling station is the Fuel Level in the fuel tank. The appliance has a display screen which is used to show the amount of fuel already existing in the tank of the vehicle before filling and after filling the tank it shows the total level of fuel in the tank that is already existing plus the amount after filling accurately thereby knowing the exact amount of fuel which was filled in the vehicle. The difference in total fuel and amount already existing in the tank gives the amount of fuel filled. This helps to reduce the fraud at the filling station. The Arduino stage has gotten very famous with individuals simply beginning with gadgets, and all things considered. We used the Ultrasonic sensor which is placed above the tank temporarily as it is a cost-effective solution.
Backpropagation Algorithm and its Hardware Implementations: A Review
Authors: Kuninti Shivani , Rooban S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, artificial intelligence is gearing up at faster pace. Hardware integration with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have paved the way to different applications in areas like control engineering, robotics and navigation. There has been extensive research in the field of machine learning to use the system in advanced applications. The combination of hardware and software modules help to build systems in a robust manner. This paper focuses mainly on back propagation algorithm and its different hardware implementation using FPGA, ASIC, Memristor and Microcontroller. Implementation of back propagation algorithm on Field programmable gate arrays is analysed in detail. FPGAs parallel processing feature makes it unique for neural networks. The parallel processing models implement back propagation algorithms for calculating errors in the hidden layers of neural networks. This review helps the researchers to understand the implementation of various hardware with back propagation algorithm also the comparative analysis on the parameters helps to identify the suitable hardware based on their requirements.
Augmentation and Detection of Individual Pose using CUDA
Authors: Muzammil Parvez M , Inthiyaz Syed , Praghash K , Suresh Kumar K , Sreevardhan cheerla 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The collective real-time pose prediction is a leading element in allowing algorithms to understand Individuals in videos and pictures. In this study, we are presenting a strategy to determining the pose of various individuals in a picture in real time. Non-parametric procedure is used as representation that we refer this to Part-Affinity-Fields (PAFs) to understand how to connect parts of the body with individuals. This base up framework accomplishes high exactness and real time execution, paying little mind to the quantity of individuals in the picture. In past work of computer vision researchers, PAFs and body part area estimation were refined at the same time across preparing different steps. We show that PAF just clarifying as opposed to both the PAF and content part area refinement brings about a significant increment in each of runtime execution and precision. We likewise propose the main joined body and foot key point identifier, considering an inner commented on foot dataset that we have freely discharged. The joined finder not just diminishes the derivation time contrasted with running them successively, yet in addition keeps up the exactness of every part separately. The work was completed in appearance to Open Pose, chief opensource continuous structure to multiindividual 2D present disclosure, including foot, body, hand, & facial central issues.
Design and Analysis of Dynamic Comparator Implemented Using Stacking Technique
Authors: Suman Shruti , Hruthik Sai Upendra P. , Sai Sree Vishnu Y. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Comparatorsareone of the basic devices that is mostly used in analog-to-digital converters (ADC). Designing low-power circuits with CMOS technology has been a serious research problem for several years. Nowadays the need of low power electronics became vital in various fields. In this paper, stacking technique is used to reduce the power consumed by the comparator.65nm CMOS process is used to design and simulate the comparator. The power consumption ofproposed comparator is compared with thepower consumption of double tail dynamic latch comparator. The proposed approach obtained less power consumption results.
Implementation of High Performance 6T-SRAM Cell
Authors: Venkata Lakshmi T. , Kamaraju M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Now a days each and every device equipped with large capacity memories in order to full fill all the needs of customers. And there are some other parameters which plays an important role in the determination of performance of the device they are power consumption and delay. In many widgets, memory is an integral part and its size also scales down as the device size is reduced. For this reason, every computerized device has low power and high speed is a prime concern. Current day scenario suggests that 6T SRAM is commonly used for the SRAM based memorydesignsas they are advantageouscompared to other cells. Low power is the major concern of today’s electronics industries where, Static as well as Dynamic power dissipation are the two key parameters that should be taken into consideration. To meet consumer needs high bandwidth and low power and high speed consuming storages are also required. This paper mainly focuses on reducing powerdissipation of Static Random Access Memory (SRAM). Power reduction and Delay reductions are the major challenge of digital Industry. A simple and advantageous configuration of a SRAM cell is by connecting two CMOS inverters back to back. This configuration has good noise immunity.
Design and analysis of Jeans based Wearable monopole antenna with enhanced gain using AMC backing
Authors: Srilatha K , Madhav B T P , Anil Babu B , Rishikesh Raj M , Somala Tulasi , Nimmaraju Vyshnavi , Rao M C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A monopole antenna with enhanced gain, low Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and low profile backed with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) for wireless communications is designed and presented in this article. This antenna presents AMC design, which isapplicableto reduce the SAR for the portion of the EM waves where electromagnetic pollution is commonly observed. To reduce the radiation of the back lobe and to improve the antenna gain, AMC is designed and backed under the monopole antenna. The antenna resonates in a single band which is from 2.38GHz to 2.44GHz with the reflection coefficient of 2.41Ghz. With the obtained band, the proposed model can be utilisedfor wearable applications.
Data Science Approach for Malware Detection
Authors: Choudhary Sunita , Sharma Anand 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Large associations have a great deal of data moving all through their network. The data can begin from inward computer systems, IT infrastructures, and security mechanisms. In any case, these endpoints don’t speak with one another. The security innovation liable for detecting malware can’t generally observe the general image of attacks. The battle between security experts and malware designers is an endless fight with the intricacy of malware changing as fast as development develops. Present status of-the-workmanship research centers around the turn of events and utilization of machine learning (ML) methods for this malware detection because of its capacity to stay up with malware development. With the assistance of data science, security groups can detect malware with data driven tools and techniques. At last, data science empowered the malware detection to move from suspicion to realities. This paper depicts the utilization of data science approach for the malware detection.
Covid-19 Detection from Chest X-Ray using Convolution Neural Networks
Authors: Mahesh Pillalamarry , Prathyusha Yakkala Gnana , Sahithi Botlagunta , Nagendram S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A corona virus has infected more than 36,087,836 people and 1,055,387 Deaths since December 2019. As it rapidly spreads across the planet, scientists and public-health experts are racing to slow down the spreading and trying to find methodologies to detect it. To do that, they need to understand the new virus. It’s called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2. There are different ways to diagnose the COVID-19, but they are cost-effective and increasing the time taken to produce, buy using chest x-ray we can reduce cost and result in time. But to diagnose x-ray’s we need expert radiotherapists. Thus, we developed a model that automatically detect COVID and non-COVID X-rays. These days Deep Learning algorithms showing the foremost results in Disease classification. Also, features learned by pre-trained Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) models on large-scale datasets are much useful in image classification tasks. we train and test our model to analyze the images as COVID or normal. we analytically determine the optimal CNN model for the purpose. The accuracy metrics are used to validate the classification of the model.
Laser-induced processes with homonuclear diatomic molecules in orthogonally polarized two-color laser field
Authors: Habibović Dino , Gazibegović-Busuladžić Azra , Busuladžić Mustafa , Čerkić Aner , Milošević Dejan B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Using our theory which is based on the strong-field approximation we analyze high-order above-threshold ionization and high-order harmonic generation processes for the case of the homonuclear diatomic molecules exposed to an orthogonally polarized two-color (OTC) laser field. The OTC field represents a superposition of two linearly polarized fields with mutually orthogonal polarizations and different frequencies. We analyze the photoelectron energy spectra and the harmonic ellipticity as a function of the ratio of the intensities of the OTC laser-field components and the relative phase. Some combinations of the values of these parameters lead to the high-energy electrons, while the harmonic ellipticity depends strongly on the ratio of the intensities of the laser-field components. It is possible to find the value of this ratio for which the ellipticity of the emitted harmonics is large. The signes of ellipticity are opposite for the molecular orientations which are connected through the reflection with respect to the axis along the first OTC field component. This symmetry is explained using the expression which relates the T-matrix element and the harmonic ellipticity.
Effects of the boundaries on the scaling form of Hamiltonian walks on fractal lattices
Authors: Marčetić D , Elezović-Hadžić S , Živić I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hamiltonian walks (HWs) on a lattice are random walks that visit each lattice site exactly once. They are commonly used to model compact polymer conformations. The scaling form for the number of HWs, on translationary invariant lattices, consists of the leading exponential factor with the power law and stretched exponential factor as corrections. The stretched exponential factor, with the exponent σ that depends on the lattice dimension only, is caused and determined by the boundary sites of the lattice and corresponds to the surface tension effects of the compact globule. On fractal lattices, on the contrary, the existence of the stretched exponential factor in the scaling form of HWs is not so straightforward, and such a correspondence cannot be drawn equivalently. In this paper, we reinvestigate the appearance of the stretched exponential factor in the scaling form of HWs on fractal lattices and consider the effects of some kind of ’boundary’ condition on it. In particular, in the case of 4-simplex lattice, we explicitly show that the introduction of only two extra links between the corner vertices of the largest generator, leads to complete disappearance of the stretched exponential factor. We also discuss impact of the boundaries on the scaling form of HWs on other fractal lattices.
Improvements of theoretical background and experiment on atomic spectra for high school and university students
Authors: Kujović V , Džaferović-Mašić E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The study of atomic spectra is one of the key subjects in teaching physics. It represents a combination of topics such as wave physics, atomic physics, particle physics, etc. Because of its complexity, it takes a well-prepared student and a very creative and resourceful teacher for this subject to be adequately understood and comprehended. This article presents theoretical background with key points in physics that help teachers to better organize their preparation for students and different experimental sets for this specific experiment, such as Nikola Tesla’s transformer or some other high-voltage transformers. Another point of view for this experiment is a variety of subexperiment possibilities to choose from in the execution of this practical exercise. This article also brings some difficulties that both teachers and students experience while preparing or doing this experiment, such as lack of more profound quantum physics knowledge since the conventional approach in teaching this specific topic in high schools and universities focuses on an introductory course in the history of this topic-oriented towards early years of the 20th century.
Computed tomography protocols optimization using non-prewhitening model observer
Authors: Đedović E , Faj D , Bokulić T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The non-prewhitening model observer with eye filter (NPWE) allows assessing of performances of a whole imaging system, taking into account specific aspects of a considered clinical task and also the aspects of human visual system. The aim of this work is to determine the exposure parameters for computed tomography (CT) scan protocols so that they produce the satisfied performances of a human observer (HO). For each of the chosen scan protocols, the assessment of image quality parameters, based on the Fourier metric, as well as the volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) measurements, have been performed. The scan protocols using the smooth reconstruction kernel, for an object diameter of 3 mm, 7 mm and 10 mm, and a contrast level of 20 Hounsfield units (HU) and 40 HU, gave the values of the area under curve (AUC) greater than 0.75 for CTDIvol > 7.16 mGy. For a sharp kernel, all AUC values were smaller than 0.75 for all investigated scan protocols, object diameters and contrast levels. Through this work it was shown that the NPWE model-observer can be used as an effective and comprehensive optimization tool suitable for application in the various clinical tasks, considering also CTDIvol values.
A note on the normal subgroup lattice of ultraproducts of finite quasisimple groups
Authors: Schneider Jakob , Thom Andreas 
Published: March 2021

Abel Stolz and Andreas Thom [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 108 (2014), pp. 73–102] stated that the lattice of normal subgroups of an ultraproduct of finite simple groups is always linearly ordered. This is false in this form in most cases for classical groups of Lie type. We correct the statement in this case and point out a version of \enquote*relative bounded normal generation for classical quasisimple groups and its implications on the structure of the lattice of normal subgroups of an ultraproduct of such groups.
QuArray: an application for tissue array whole slide image export and signal analysis
Authors: Arthurs Callum , Ahmed Aamir 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Tissue array (TA) staining, combined with whole slide imaging (WSI) methods facilitate discovery of biomarkers for diagnosis, prognostication and disease stratification. A key impediment in TA WSI analysis is handling missing tissue and artefacts when identifying tissue cores before quantitative, standardized downstream analysis. There is a need for an open access, user friendly, integrated analysis of the WSI generated using TAs in clinical and scientific research laboratories.

Results
We have developed QuArray (Quantitative Array Application) for image export and signal analysis of TAs using WSI. The application input is a WSI and a corresponding TA configuration file. QuArray identifies and exports core images and analyses chromogen staining in a simple graphical user interface. Output data is saved to file for further analysis including indexed data.

Availabilityand implementation
Available for download from https://github.com/c-arthurs/QuArray under an MIT licence.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An Automated Correction Algorithm (ALPACA) for ddPCR Data Using Adaptive Limit of Blank and Correction of False Positive Events Improves Specificity of Mutation Detection
Authors: Vessies Daan C L , Linders Theodora C , Lanfermeijer Mirthe , Ramkisoensing Kalpana L , van der Noort Vincent , Schouten Robert D , Meijer Gerrit A , van den Heuvel Michel M , Monkhorst Kim , van den Broek Daan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Bio-Rad droplet-digital PCR is a highly sensitive method that can be used to detect tumor mutations in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of patients with cancer. Correct interpretation of ddPCR results is important for optimal sensitivity and specificity. Despite its widespread use, no standardized method to interpret ddPCR data is available, nor have technical artifacts affecting ddPCR results been widely studied.

Methods
False positive rates were determined for 6 ddPCR assays at variable amounts of input DNA, revealing polymerase induced false positive events (PIFs) and other false positives. An in silico correction algorithm, known as the adaptive LoB and PIFs: an automated correction algorithm (ALPACA), was developed to remove PIFs and apply an adaptive limit of blank (LoB) to individual samples. Performance of ALPACA was compared to a standard strategy (no PIF correction and static LoB = 3) using data from commercial reference DNA, healthy volunteer cfDNA, and cfDNA from a real-life cohort of 209 patients with stage IV nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumor and cfDNA had been molecularly profiled.

Results
Applying ALPACA reduced false positive results in healthy cfDNA compared to the standard strategy (specificity 98 vs 88%, P = 10−5) and stage IV NSCLC patient cfDNA (99 vs 93%, P = 10−11), while not affecting sensitivity in commercial reference DNA (70 vs 68% P = 0.77) or patient cfDNA (82 vs 88%, P = 0.13). Overall accuracy in patient samples was improved (98 vs 92%, P = 10−7).

Conclusions
Correction of PIFs and application of an adaptive LoB increases specificity without a loss of sensitivity in ddPCR, leading to a higher accuracy in a real-life cohort of patients with stage IV NSCLC.
Virtual Termination amid COVID-19: Strategies for School Social Work Interns and Field Instructors
Authors: Grumbach Giesela , Johnson Annette H , Engel Erik , Campos-Moreira Linda D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the natural rhythm of the school year, affecting the way services are rendered. This shift has implications for the termination of services and the guidance of school social work interns through the termination process. This article provides lessons learned from the rapid transition from face-to-face practice to telemental health services in schools. The authors present strategies for supervising the termination process in a remote environment. In keeping with social work’s professional mandate, field instructors must guide interns on conducting termination services properly and engage interns in this reflective process. This article also addresses issues of equity and access for students and their families. Attention is given to the impact of termination on student clients, families, school social work interns, and field instructors. Telemental health demonstrates promise in supporting a model of practice that provides opportunities for innovation. Researchers and practitioners are encouraged to continue this discourse for engaging in and developing best practices for telemental health services, termination of services, and supervision of social work interns in the school setting. The school social work profession must continue to augment policies related to the provision of telemental health services in school settings.
‘Free to act by your own lights’: Agency and Predestination in Marilynne Robinson’s Gilead Novels
Authors: Mouw Alex 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article explores Marilynne Robinson’s attempt to reconcile the doctrine of predestination with a commitment to human agency by reading her novels Gilead, Home, Lila, and Jack alongside their intertextual companion, John Calvin. I argue that, rather than attempting to penetrate the enigma of predestination and agency through theological treatises, Robinson embodies the tension between them in fiction. Rather than defining a solution to the problem, she meaningfully charts the lived experience of it. Indeed, in the Gilead novels the experience of agency is itself agency within a universe defined by God’s omnipotence. At the same time, characters’ freedom to act otherwise than habit or impulse would dictate depends on right perception. Robinson’s unique contribution to an American literary and theological legacy is to animate these tensions as only fiction can. Her novels offer a theological vista that cannot be separated from their fictional content, and so things that seem like tautologies grow profound through narration.
Trust in Spain?
Authors: Botello Hermosa Pedro Ignacio , Malumián Nicolás 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Spain has no trust regulations at the national level. However, there are inheritance legal schemes with similar effects. Furthermore, certain autonomous regions of Spain could enact their own inheritance law regulations and provide legal institutions that are analogous to trusts. In this article, we review these institutions from both an academic and practical point of view.