bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women’s experiences of the OASI Care Bundle; a package of care to reduce severe perineal trauma
Authors: Bidwell Posy , Sevdalis Nick , Silverton Louise , Harris James , Gurol-Urganci Ipek , Hellyer Alexandra , Freeman Robert , van der Meulen Jan , Thakar Ranee 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) is a severe form of perineal trauma that can occur during vaginal birth. Long-term morbidities include anal incontinence and psychosocial disorders. To reduce these injuries within England, Scotland and Wales, the OASI Care Bundle was introduced to 16 maternity units (January 2017–March 2018). The OASI Care Bundle comprises four elements: (1) antenatal information, (2) manual perineal protection, (3) medio-lateral episiotomy (when indicated) and 4) recognition and diagnosis of tears. As part of the project evaluation, a qualitative study was conducted to explore women’s experiences of the OASI Care Bundle.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with women (n = 19) who received the OASI Care Bundle as part of their maternity care. This was to explore their experience of each element. A thematic analysis of the interview data was performed.

Results
Three themes were identified: (1) memories of touch, whereby women reported that a ‘hands-on’ approach to perineal protection was a positive experience; (2) midwife as a supportive guide, where women reported that good communication facilitated a calm birth and post-birth diagnosis; (3) education: women need more information about perineal trauma.

Conclusion
This study contributes to the literature through its exploration of women’s experiences of perineal protection techniques and diagnosis of perineal trauma. Interviewed women indicated that they did not experience any of the care bundle elements as an intrusion of their physical integrity. Additionally, an urgent need was identified for more information about perineal trauma in terms of risk, prevention and recovery.
Influence of pregnancy/childbirth on long-term bone marrow edema and subchondral sclerosis of sacroiliac joints
Authors: Germann Christoph , Kroismayr Daniela , Brunner Florian , Pfirrmann Christian W. A. , Sutter Reto , Zubler Veronika 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective
To investigate long-term effects of pregnancy/childbirth on bone marrow edema (BME) and subchondral sclerosis of sacroiliac joints (SIJ) in comparison to MRI changes caused by spondyloarthritis (SpA) and assess the influence of birth method and number of children on SIJ-MRI changes.

Materials and methods
This is a retrospective cohort study with 349 women (mean age 47 ± 14 years) suffering low back pain. Four subgroups were formed based on SpA diagnosis and childbirth (CB) history. Two musculoskeletal radiologists scored the presence of BME and sclerosis on SIJ-MRI using the Berlin method. Further, an 11-point “global assessment score” representing the overall confidence of SpA diagnosis based on MRI was evaluated in addition to the ASAS (Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society) criterion of “positive MRI” for sacroiliitis.

Results
CB did not correlate with BME score (p = 0.38), whereas SpA diagnosis was associated with a higher BME score (r = 0.31, p < 0.001). Both CB (r = 0.21, p < 0.001) and SpA diagnosis (r = 0.33, p < 0.001) were correlated with a higher sclerosis score. CB was not associated with a higher confidence level in diagnosing SpA based on MRI (p = 0.07), whereas SpA diagnosis was associated with a higher score (r = 0.61, p < 0.001). Both CB (phi = 0.13, p = 0.02) and SpA diagnosis (phi = 0.23, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with a positive ASAS criterion for sacroiliitis. In non-SpA patients with CB, number of children (p = 0.001) was an independent predictor of sclerosis score, while birth method yielded no significant effect (p = 0.75).

Conclusion
Pregnancy/CB has no impact on long-term BME on SIJ, however, may cause long-term subchondral sclerosis—similar to SpA-associated sclerosis. Number of children is positively correlated with SIJ sclerosis. Birth method yields no effect on SIJ sclerosis.
Imaging coronary plaques using 3D motion-compensated [18F]NaF PET/MR
Authors: Mayer Johannes , Wurster Thomas-Heinrich , Schaeffter Tobias , Landmesser Ulf , Morguet Andreas , Bigalke Boris , Hamm Bernd , Brenner Winfried , Makowski Marcus R. , Kolbitsch Christoph 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiac PET has recently found novel applications in coronary atherosclerosis imaging using [18F]NaF as a radiotracer, highlighting vulnerable plaques. However, the resulting uptakes are relatively small, and cardiac motion and respiration-induced movement of the heart can impair the reconstructed images due to motion blurring and attenuation correction mismatches. This study aimed to apply an MR-based motion compensation framework to [18F]NaF data yielding high-resolution motion-compensated PET and MR images.MethodsFree-breathing 3-dimensional Dixon MR data were acquired, retrospectively binned into multiple respiratory and cardiac motion states, and split into fat and water fraction using a model-based reconstruction framework. From the dynamic MR reconstructions, both a non-rigid cardiorespiratory motion model and a motion-resolved attenuation map were generated and applied to the PET data to improve image quality. The approach was tested in 10 patients and focal tracer hotspots were evaluated concerning their target-to-background ratio, contrast-to-background ratio, and their diameter.ResultsMR-based motion models were successfully applied to compensate for physiological motion in both PET and MR. Target-to-background ratios of identified plaques improved by 7 ± 7%, contrast-to-background ratios by 26 ± 38%, and the plaque diameter decreased by −22 ± 18%. MR-based dynamic attenuation correction strongly reduced attenuation correction artefacts and was not affected by stent-related signal voids in the underlying MR reconstructions.ConclusionsThe MR-based motion correction framework presented here can improve the target-to-background, contrast-to-background, and width of focal tracer hotspots in the coronary system. The dynamic attenuation correction could effectively mitigate the risk of attenuation correction artefacts in the coronaries at the lung-soft tissue boundary. In combination, this could enable a more reproducible and reliable plaque localisation.
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Gastroepiploic Lymph Node Involvement in Patients with Cancer of the Transverse Colon Including the Hepatic Flexure
Authors: Wang Xiaojie , Huang Shenghui , Lu Xingrong , Huang Ying , Chi Pan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo define the incidence of gastroepiploic lymph node (GLN) metastasis in patients with cancer of the transverse colon, including the hepatic flexure, and to identify the preoperative predictors of GLN involvement in a large‐volume center in China.MethodsThis retrospective monocentric cross‐sectional study respected the STROBE statement. Of 3208 consecutive patients who underwent colon cancer resection, a total of 371 patients with cancer of the transverse colon including the hepatic flexure who underwent complete mesocolic excision and GLN resection in our center were retrospectively reviewed between November 2010 and November 2017. Logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of GLN metastasis. Endoscopic obstruction was defined as a luminal obstruction of the colon severe enough to prevent the colonoscope from passing beyond the tumor regardless of the presenting symptoms.ResultsThe GLN involvement rate was 4.0 (2.0–6.1)%. Patients who had GLN involvement had a significantly higher rate of endoscopic obstruction (P = 0.030), higher rate of signet ring adenocarcinoma or lymphovascular invasion (P < 0.05), higher preoperative CEA level (P = 0.037), more advanced pN stage (P < 0.001) and more advanced M stage (P = 0.003) than the patients without GLN involvement. ROC curve analyses showed that the cutoff value for CEA was 17.0 ng/ml (46.7% sensitivity, 84.3% specificity, P = 0.037) for the prediction of GLN metastasis. Multivariate analysis showed that endoscopic obstruction, signet ring adenocarcinoma, a CEA level ≥17 ng/ml and M1 stage were independently correlated with the GLN metastasis.ConclusionThe incidence rate of GLN metastasis was low. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to evaluate the preoperative predictors of GLN metastasis. Combinations of predictive factors may be useful for stratifying patients at high risk of GLN metastasis.
Patient Experiences of the Emergency Laparotomy Pathway: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Park Brittany , Barazanchi Ahmed , Rahiri Jamie‐Lee , Xia weisi , Taneja Ashish , Hill Andrew G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionEmergency laparotomy (EL) is a commonly performed operation with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite a growing body of literature on outcomes from EL, there is sparse literature on the patient experience. The aim of this study is to capture the perspective of patients on their EL experience. Qualitative methodology is used as a platform to allow patients to express their personal experiences and ideas around the EL process.Materials and methodParticipants were consented as a part of a large observational study, established across the three public teaching hospitals in Auckland, New Zealand. Patients who had an EL within the past 4 months were recruited. A recorded interview was conducted either face‐to‐face or over the telephone, using questions formulated from a previous systematic review on EL outcomes. Transcripts were transported to NVivo and thematically analysed by two reviewers.ResultsFifteen participants were interviewed. The majority of participants were female, New Zealand European and 65 or older. Five important themes were identified. Overall, participants expressed satisfaction with their interactions with hospital staff. However, they wanted more information about their condition, operation and what outcomes might occur. Participants also described post‐operative priorities in the acute setting, as well as long‐standing physical and emotional impacts.ConclusionThis study provides a better understanding of what is important to patients during the EL process. This information is important when considering ways to improve care and communication with patients undergoing EL.
Targeted plant improvement through genome editing: from laboratory to field
Authors: Miladinovic Dragana , Antunes Dulce , Yildirim Kubilay , Bakhsh Allah , Cvejić Sandra , Kondić-Špika Ankica , Marjanovic Jeromela Ana , Opsahl-Sorteberg Hilde-Gunn , Zambounis Antonios , Hilioti Zoe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractKey messageThis review illustrates how far we have come since the emergence of GE technologies and how they could be applied to obtain superior and sustainable crop production.AbstractThe main challenges of today’s agriculture are maintaining and raising productivity, reducing its negative impact on the environment, and adapting to climate change. Efficient plant breeding can generate elite varieties that will rapidly replace obsolete ones and address ongoing challenges in an efficient and sustainable manner. Site-specific genome editing in plants is a rapidly evolving field with tangible results. The technology is equipped with a powerful toolbox of molecular scissors to cut DNA at a pre-determined site with different efficiencies for designing an approach that best suits the objectives of each plant breeding strategy. Genome editing (GE) not only revolutionizes plant biology, but provides the means to solve challenges related to plant architecture, food security, nutrient content, adaptation to the environment, resistance to diseases and production of plant-based materials. This review illustrates how far we have come since the emergence of these technologies and how these technologies could be applied to obtain superior, safe and sustainable crop production. Synergies of genome editing with other technological platforms that are gaining significance in plants lead to an exciting new, post-genomic era for plant research and production. In previous months, we have seen what global changes might arise from one new virus, reminding us of what drastic effects such events could have on food production. This demonstrates how important science, technology, and tools are to meet the current time and the future. Plant GE can make a real difference to future sustainable food production to the benefit of both mankind and our environment.
How does image quality affect radiologists’ perceived ability for image interpretation and lesion detection in digital mammography?
Authors: Boita Joana , van Engen Ruben E. , Mackenzie Alistair , Tingberg Anders , Bosmans Hilde , Bolejko Anetta , Zackrisson Sophia , Wallis Matthew G. , Ikeda Debra M. , Van Ongeval Chantal , Pijnappel Ruud , Broeders Mireille , Sechopoulos Ioannis ,   for the VISUAL group, Jansen F. , Duijm L. , de Bruin H. , Andersson I. , Behmer C. , Taylor K. , Kilburn-Toppin F. , van Goethem M. , Prevos R. , Salem N. , Pal S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To study how radiologists’ perceived ability to interpret digital mammography (DM) images is affected by decreases in image quality.

Methods
One view from 45 DM cases (including 30 cancers) was degraded to six levels each of two acquisition-related issues (lower spatial resolution and increased quantum noise) and three post-processing-related issues (lower and higher contrast and increased correlated noise) seen during clinical evaluation of DM systems. The images were shown to fifteen breast screening radiologists from five countries. Aware of lesion location, the radiologists selected the most-degraded mammogram (indexed from 1 (reference) to 7 (most degraded)) they still felt was acceptable for interpretation. The median selected index, per degradation type, was calculated separately for calcification and soft tissue (including normal) cases. Using the two-sided, non-parametric Mann-Whitney test, the median indices for each case and degradation type were compared.

Results
Radiologists were not tolerant to increases (medians: 1.5 (calcifications) and 2 (soft tissue)) or decreases (median: 2, for both types) in contrast, but were more tolerant to correlated noise (median: 3, for both types). Increases in quantum noise were tolerated more for calcifications than for soft tissue cases (medians: 3 vs. 4, p = 0.02). Spatial resolution losses were considered less acceptable for calcification detection than for soft tissue cases (medians: 3.5 vs. 5, p = 0.001).

Conclusions
Perceived ability of radiologists for image interpretation in DM was affected not only by image acquisition-related issues but also by image post-processing issues, and some of those issues affected calcification cases more than soft tissue cases.

Key Points
• Lower spatial resolution and increased quantum noise affected the radiologists’ perceived ability to interpret calcification cases more than soft tissue lesion or normal cases.
• Post-acquisition image processing-related effects, not only image acquisition-related effects, also impact the perceived ability of radiologists to interpret images and detect lesions.
• In addition to current practices, post-acquisition image processing-related effects need to also be considered during the testing and evaluation of digital mammography systems.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting early stress urinary incontinence following endoscopic enucleation of the prostate
Authors: Li Xuanhao , He Fei , Huang Cong , Zhang Liangshuo , Liu Qiang , Song Jian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To develop and validate a predictive nomogram for early stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (EEP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods
The records of 458 patients who underwent plasmakinetic- or diode-based EEP at our center from March 2016 to December 2019 were reviewed. Among these, 326 and 132 cases were randomly assigned to the training and validation set, respectively. A predictive nomogram was constructed based on multivariate logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and calibration curves were employed to evaluate its performance.

Results
65 years ≤ age < 70 years, 75 years ≤ age, 25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2, 30 kg/m2 ≤ BMI, 5 years ≤ LUTS duration, and 75 ml ≤ prostate volume were finally selected as independent predictors of early SUI into the multivariate logistics regression model. It was visualized as a concise nomogram with satisfactory discrimination and accuracy in both training and validation sets.

Conclusions
A concise nomogram was developed and validated as a useful clinical tool for predicting early SUI post-EEP.
Seasonality and time scale dependence of the relationship between turbulent surface heat flux and SST
Authors: Sun Xiaoshan , Wu Renguang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present study examined the relationship between turbulent surface heat flux (SHF) and sea surface temperature (SST) variations using daily observational data. The SHF and SST relationship displays notable differences between winter and summer and prominent time-scale dependence in both seasons. In the mid-latitude SST frontal regions, SST has a larger role in driving SHF in winter than in summer. In the subtropical gyre regions, SHF plays a larger role in the SST change in summer than in winter. In winter, SHF has a larger effect on the SST change in the South China Sea than in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. In summer, the SST effect on SHF is dominant in the Arabian Sea, whereas the SHF impact on SST is dominant in the Philippine Sea. In the Gulf Stream, Kuroshio Extension and Agulhas Return Current, the SST effect extends up to 90-day time scales in winter, the SHF impact is limited to time scales below 20 days and the SST effect is dominant on time scales above 20 days in summer. In winter, the SHF effect extends up to 90-day time scales in the Bay of Bengal, South China Sea, and Philippine Sea, but is limited to time scales below 40 days in the Arabian Sea. In summer, the SST effect extends up to 90-day time scales in the Arabian Sea, whereas the SHF and SST effect is large on time scales shorter and longer than 40 days, respectively, in the Philippine Sea.
Risk of cancer associated with low-dose radiation exposure: comparison of results between the INWORKS nuclear workers study and the A-bomb survivors study
Authors: Leuraud Klervi , Richardson David B. , Cardis Elisabeth , Daniels Robert D. , Gillies Michael , Haylock Richard , Moissonnier Monika , Schubauer-Berigan Mary K. , Thierry-Chef Isabelle , Kesminiene Ausrele , Laurier Dominique 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Life Span Study (LSS) of Japanese atomic bomb survivors has served as the primary basis for estimates of radiation-related disease risks that inform radiation protection standards. The long-term follow-up of radiation-monitored nuclear workers provides estimates of radiation-cancer associations that complement findings from the LSS. Here, a comparison of radiation-cancer mortality risk estimates derived from the LSS and INWORKS, a large international nuclear worker study, is presented. Restrictions were made, so that the two study populations were similar with respect to ages and periods of exposure, leading to selection of 45,625 A-bomb survivors and 259,350 nuclear workers. For solid cancer, excess relative rates (ERR) per gray (Gy) were 0.28 (90% CI 0.18; 0.38) in the LSS, and 0.29 (90% CI 0.07; 0.53) in INWORKS. A joint analysis of the data allowed for a formal assessment of heterogeneity of the ERR per Gy across the two studies (P = 0.909), with minimal evidence of curvature or of a modifying effect of attained age, age at exposure, or sex in either study. There was evidence in both cohorts of modification of the excess absolute risk (EAR) of solid cancer by attained age, with a trend of increasing EAR per Gy with attained age. For leukemia, under a simple linear model, the ERR per Gy was 2.75 (90% CI 1.73; 4.21) in the LSS and 3.15 (90% CI 1.12; 5.72) in INWORKS, with evidence of curvature in the association across the range of dose observed in the LSS but not in INWORKS; the EAR per Gy was 3.54 (90% CI 2.30; 5.05) in the LSS and 2.03 (90% CI 0.36; 4.07) in INWORKS. These findings from different study populations may help understanding of radiation risks, with INWORKS contributing information derived from cohorts of workers with protracted low dose-rate exposures.
Morphologic and molecular classification of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Metovic Jasna , Barella Marco , Bianchi Fabrizio , Hofman Paul , Hofman Veronique , Remmelink Myriam , Kern Izidor , Carvalho Lina , Pattini Linda , Sonzogni Angelica , Veronesi Giulia , Harari Sergio , Forest Fabien , Papotti Mauro , Pelosi Giuseppe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNeuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the lung encompass neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) composed of typical (TC) and atypical (AC) carcinoids and full-fledged carcinomas (NECs) inclusive of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small cell carcinoma (SCLC). NETs and NECs are thought to represent distinct and separate lesions with neither molecular overlap nor common developmental continuum. Two perspectives were addressed regarding the morphologic and molecular classification of lung NENs: (i) a supervised approach by browsing the traditional classification, the relevant gene alterations, and their clinical implications; and (ii) an unsupervised approach, by reappraising neoplasms according to risk factors and natural history of disease to construct an interpretation model relied on biological data. We herein emphasize lights and shadows of the current classification of lung NENs and provide an alternative outlook on these tumors focused on what we currently know about the biological determinants and the natural history of disease.
Kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktion und Asthenopie – Literaturübersicht mit Fallbeispielen
Authors: Brandner Martina , Strobl Viktoria , Bizjak Bianca , Lindner Susanne , Langmann Andrea 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Kann ein latentes Schielen (Heterophorie) nicht fusionell überwunden werden, treten asthenope Beschwerden wie intermittierende Doppelbilder, Blendempfindlichkeit, retrobulbäres Druckgefühl, Visusschwankungen und Kopfschmerzen auf. Häufig ist der zugrunde liegende Pathomechanismus unklar. Neben verschiedenen ophthalmologischen und neurologischen Erkrankungen wird auch die kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktion (CMD) als möglicher Auslöser einer Asthenopie beschrieben.

Material und Methode
Präsentation von 3 Fallbeispielen von Patientinnen mit CMD und Asthenopie und Literaturübersicht.

Resultate
Im Rahmen der Literaturrecherche wurden einige Arbeiten zur Anatomie und zu neurologischen Verschaltungen zwischen dem trigeminalen und dem okulomotorischen System gefunden, die über Veränderungen der Pupillenweite, der Konvergenz und der Stellung der Augen mögliche pathomechanische Zusammenhänge zwischen einer Malokklusion bzw. CMD und Heterophorie mit Asthenopie postulieren.

Schlussfolgerung
Bei Beschwerdepersistenz von asthenopen Beschwerden trotz optimaler orthoptischer Therapie kann eine weiterführende kieferorthopädische Abklärung in Betracht gezogen werden.