bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biphasic range expansions with short- and long-distance dispersal
Authors: Liu Benjamin R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLong-distance dispersal (LDD) has long been recognized as a key factor in determining rates of spread in biological invasions. Two approaches for incorporating LDD in mathematical models of spread are mixed dispersal and heavy-tailed dispersal. In this paper, I analyze integrodifference equation (IDE) models with mixed-dispersal kernels and fat-tailed (a subset of the heavy-tailed class) dispersal kernels to study how short- and long-distance dispersal contribute to the spread of invasive species. I show that both approaches can lead to biphasic range expansions, where an invasion has two distinct phases of spread. In the initial phase of spread, the invasion is controlled by short-distance dispersal. Long-distance dispersal boosts the speed of spread during the ultimate phase, and can have significant effects even when the probability of LDD is vanishingly small. For fat-tailed kernels, I introduce a method of characterizing the “shoulder” of a dispersal kernel, which separates the peak and tail.
Neoarchaean Felsic Volcanic Rocks in Tracing Evolution of Arcs: An Insight from Geochemical Data of the Gadag Schist Belt, Western Dharwar Craton
Authors: Hedge V.S. , Corfu Fernando , Frimmel Hartwig E. , Sawkar R.H. , Korkoppa M.M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Quartz porphyry of rhyolitic composition though a volumetrically minor is an important component of metavolcanic successions in the Gadag schist belt in the western Dharwar craton. The quartz porphyries are calc-alkaline, enriched in light rare earth elements (Lan/Ybn ~ 10-20) and with a strong negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*N = 0.45-0.58). These features, coupled with high K2O/Na2O (0.8 to 1.46), low Nb/Th (&lt;1), and Lan/Smn ratios of 4.2 to 6.0, suggest that rhyolitic magma formed from melt generated by partial melting of basaltic crust, subsequently modified by crustal assimilation and crystal fractionation. The geological setting of the quartz porphyries and the geochemical relationships suggest magmatism at a convergent plate tectonic setting. The zircon U-Pb age of 2588.0 ± 2.4 Ma for the quartz porphyry, together with an age of 2732 Ma for similar volcanic rocks in the Chitradurga schist belt further south, and 2614 Ma for felsic volcanics from the Shimoga schist belt, point to an extended period with episodic arc magmatism in the western Dharwar craton of at least ~144myr.
Watershed Prioritization Based on Morphometric Parameters and PCA Technique: A Case Study of Deonar River Sub Basin, Sidhi Area, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Tiwari Rabindra N. , Kushwaha Vikash K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Watershed prioritization is beneficial for soil, groundwater development as well as for the implementation of the artificial recharge schemes. It is a well-known scientific process of drainage network delineation and ranking of different sub-watersheds of a basin. This is the mostly adopted morphometric interpretation and assessment technique and used for prioritization of watershed. In the present study, morphometric analysis of the Deonar river sub basin has been carried out to interpret and assess its hydrological importance. The study was carried out using geospatial approach and it is reflected in morphometric parameters such as linear, areal and relief aspects of the watershed. Detailed morphometric analysis and drainage map has been prepared from ASTER DEM (digital elevation model) having 30m spatial resolution using GIS environment. The delineated and analysed morphometric parameters are helpful for planning of soil and water conservation with the PCA approach. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a well-known technique that reduces the dimensionality of the given input data set which maximizes the amount of variance information. The delineated drainage order comes 1 to 5 and the watershed comprises of 6 sub-watersheds named as SW-I to SW-VI were analyzed. Based on Deonar river sub basin morphometric analysis, the sub-watershed is categorised into three classes as high, medium and low priority zones. Watershed prioritization and correlation of morphometric parameters of the Deonar river basin illustrates and indicates the high priority due to the greater degree of erosion. The analysed result is useful for making better planning and management, to identify the artificial recharge structures of the various sub-watersheds for improving the water potentiality.
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast: Ongoing Trials, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Mukhtar Rita A. , Chien A. Jo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is increasingly recognized as a distinct subtype of breast cancer with unique management challenges. We reviewed currently available clinical trials for patients with ILC.

Recent Findings
We describe the rationale for and study design of clinical trials for patients with both early stage and metastatic ILC. Molecular alterations specific to or enriched in ILC may serve as treatment targets.

Summary
ILC has specific features that may be treatment targets. Clinical trials for ILC are available and being developed.
Volume-outcome relationship in rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Siragusa L. , Sensi B. , Vinci D. , Franceschilli M. , Pathirannehalage Don C. , Bagaglini G. , Bellato V. , Campanelli M. , Sica G. S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Hospital centralization effect is reported to lower complications and mortality for high risk and complex surgery operations, including colorectal surgery. However, no linear relation between volume and outcome has been demonstrated. Aim of the study was to evaluate the increased surgical volume effect on early outcomes of patient undergoing laparoscopic restorative anterior rectal resection (ARR).

Methods
A retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients undergoing ARR with primary anastomosis between November 2016 and December 2020 after centralization of rectal cancer cases in an academic Centre. Short-term outcomes are compared to those of patients operated in the same unit during the previous 10 years before service centralization. The primary outcome was estimated anastomotic leak rate. Mean operative time, need of conversion, postoperative use of blood transfusion, radicality, in-hospital stay, number and type of complications, readmission and reoperation rate, mortality and 1-year and stoma persistence rates were evaluated as secondary outcomes.

Results
86 patients were operated in the study period and outcomes compared to those of 101 patients operated during the previous ten years. Difference in volume of surgery was significant between the two periods (p 0.019) and the estimated leak rate was significantly lower in the higher volume unit (p 0.047). Mean operative time, need of conversion, postoperative use of blood transfusion and in-hospital stay (p < 0.05) were also significantly reduced in Group A.

Conclusion
This study suggests that the shift toward higher volume in rectal cancer surgery is associated to decreased anastomotic leak rate. Potentiation of lower volume surgical units may yield optimal perioperative outcomes.
Ampoule method fabricated sulfur vacancy-rich N-doped ZnS electrodes for ammonia production in alkaline media
Authors: Feng Da-Ming , Sun Ying , Yuan Zhong-Yong , Fu Yang , Jia Baohua , Li Hui , Ma Tianyi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical production of green and low-cost ammonia requests the development of high-performance electrocatalysts. In this work, the ampoule method was applied to modulate the surface of the zinc electrode by implanting defects and low-valent active sites. The N-doped ZnS electrocatalyst was thus generated by sulfurization with thiourea and applied for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR). Given the rich sulfur vacancies and abundant Zn-N active sites on the surface, excellent catalytic activity and selectivity were obtained, with an NH3 yield rate of 2.42 × 10–10 mol s−1 cm−2 and a Faradaic efficiency of 7.92% at − 0.6 V vs. RHE in 0.1 M KOH solution. Moreover, the as-synthesized zinc electrode exhibits high stability after five recycling tests and a 24 h potentiostatic test. The comparison with Zn foil, non-doping ZnS/Zn and recent metal sulfide electrocatalysts further demonstrated advanced catalytic performance of N@ZnS/Zn for ENRR. By simple synthesis, S vacancies, and N-doping defects, this promising electrocatalyst would represent a good addition to the arena of transition-metal-based catalysts with superior performance in ENRR.
Graphic abstract
Demand functions and demand manifolds
Authors: Beggs Alan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMrázová and Neary (2017) introduce the notion of the Demand Manifold which expresses the relationship between the elasticity and curvature of a demand function. They argue that this determines many important comparative static properties of firm behavior. This paper gives necessary and sufficient conditions for two demand functions to have the same demand manifold and so to have similar comparative static properties.
Binge eating attitudes in community adolescent sample and relationships with interview-assessed attachment representations in girls: a multi-center study from North Italy
Authors: Pace Cecilia Serena , Muzi Stefania , Parolin Laura , Milesi Alberto , Tognasso Giacomo , Santona Alessandra 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To compare community girls at risk and not at risk for binge eating (BE) in attachment representations through a narrative interview and to test the predictive role of attachment pattern(s) on the risk of binge eating among community girls.

Methods
From 772 community adolescents of both sexes (33% boys) screened through the Binge Eating Scale (BES), 112 girls between 14 and 18 years, 56 placed in a group at risk for binge eating (BEG), and 56 matched peers, not at risk (NBEG), were assessed in attachment representations through the Friends and Family Interview (FFI).

Results
(1) Compared to NBEG, girls in the BEG showed more insecure-preoccupied classifications and scores, together with lower narrative coherence, mother’s representation as a secure base/safe haven, reflective functioning, adaptive response, and more anger toward mother. (2) Both insecure-dismissing and preoccupied patterns predicted 15% more binge-eating symptoms in the whole sample of community girls.

Conclusions
Insecure attachment representations are confirmed risk factors for more binge eating, affecting emotional regulation and leading to “emotional eating”, thus a dimensional assessment of attachment could be helpful for prevention and intervention. Implications and limits are discussed.

Level of evidence
III. Evidence obtained from cohort or case–control analytic studies
Interior-stress fields produced by a general axisymmetric punch
Authors: Yang Longxiang , Wang Zhanjiang , Liu Weiji , Zhang Guocheng , Peng Bei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work is a supplement to the work of Sneddon on axisymmetric Boussinesq problem in 1965 in which the distributions of interior-stress fields are derived here for a punch with general profile. A novel set of mathematical procedures is introduced to process the basic elastic solutions (obtained by the method of Hankel transform, which was pioneered by Sneddon) and the solution of the dual integral equations. These processes then enable us to not only derive the general relationship of indentation depth D and total load P that acts on the punch but also explicitly obtain the general analytical expressions of the stress fields beneath the surface of an isotropic elastic half-space. The usually known cases of punch profiles are reconsidered according to the general formulas derived in this study, and the deduced results are verified by comparing them with the classical results. Finally, these general formulas are also applied to evaluate the von Mises stresses for several new punch profiles.
Mechanical properties of graphene oxide–silk fibroin bionanofilms via nanoindentation experiments and finite element analysis
Authors: Cho Hyeonho , Lee Joonho , Hwang Hyundo , Hwang Woonbong , Kim Jin-Gyun , Kim Sunghan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanical properties of bionanofilms is important in terms of identifying their durability. The primary focus of this study is to examine the effect of water vapor annealed silk fibroin on the indentation modulus and hardness of graphene oxide–silk fibroin (GO–SF) bionanofilms through nanoindentation experiments and finite element analysis (FEA). The GO–SF bionanofilms were fabricated using the layer-by-layer technique. The water vapor annealing process was employed to enhance the interfacial properties between the GO and SF layers, and the mechanical properties of the GO–SF bionanofilms were found to be affected by this process. By employing water vapor annealing, the indentation modulus and hardness of the GO–SF bionanofilms can be improved. Furthermore, the FEA models of the GO–SF bionanofilms were developed to simulate the details of the mechanical behaviors of the GO–SF bionanofilms. The difference in the stress and strain distribution inside the GO–SF bionanofilms before and after annealing was analyzed. In addition, the load-displacement curves that were obtained by the developed FEA model conformed well with the results from the nanoindentation tests. In summary, this study presents the mechanism of improving the indentation modulus and hardness of the GO–SF bionanofilms through the water vapor annealing process, which is established with the FEA simulation models.
Differences in nano-topography and tribochemistry of ZDDP tribofilms from variations in contact configuration with steel and DLC surfaces
Authors: Čoga Lucija , Akbari Somayeh , Kovač Janez , Kalin Mitjan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, we evaluated the effect of the counter-body material (the same or dissimilar) and contact configuration (moving or stationary body), at similar contact tribological conditions, on the tribochemical and nanotopography characteristics of adsorbed surface films. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), the best performing anti-wear additive, was used in self-mated steel/steel and DLC/DLC contacts, which were compared with mixed steel/DLC and DLC/steel contacts in 1-h and 6-h sliding tests. The macroscale (tribometer) and nanoscale (atomic force microscopy) friction, thickness, topography, and chemical (attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) properties of the tribofilms were studied. The results revealed unexpectedly large differences in all the studied tribofilm parameters; this is because all the tribofilms are completely different; this includes the chemical composition, which is known to have a crucial effect on the nano- and macro-scale tribological properties. These results clearly demonstrate that the surface material, additives, and common contact operating parameters, that is, pressure, velocity, and temperature, crucially affect the ZDDP tribofilm as well as the position of the moving or stationary surface within the contact, and the material of the moving/stationary bodies.
Beneficial effect of low-dose radioiodine ablation for Graves’ orbitopathy: results of a retrospective study
Authors: Lanzolla Giulia , Menconi Francesca , Nicolì Francesca , Posarelli Chiara , Maglionico Maria Novella , Figus Michele , Nardi Marco , Marcocci Claudio , Marinò Michele 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) reflects an autoimmune response against antigens expressed by the thyroid and orbital tissues. Elimination of thyroid antigens may be beneficial for GO. Total thyroid ablation (TTA) [thyroidectomy (Tx), followed by 30 mCi of radioiodine] was shown to exert a beneficial effect on GO following intravenous glucocorticoids (ivGC) compared with Tx alone. Here, we investigated retrospectively whether TTA performed with a 15 mCi of radioiodine still maintains advantages over Tx.

Methods
Thirty-two subjects, 13 treated with TTA (performed with 15 mCi of radioiodine) and 19 with Tx alone, all with moderately severe, active GO, treated with ivGC, were studied. The primary objective was the outcome of GO at 24 weeks based on a composite evaluation.

Results
The two groups did not differ at baseline in terms of sex, age, smoking habits, TSH, anti-TSH receptor autoantibodies, GO duration and eye features. The proportion of GO responders at 24 weeks was greater in the TTA (61.5%) than in the Tx group (26.3%, P = 0.046). In contrast, GO outcome at 48 weeks did not differ between the two groups (69.2% vs 52.6% of responder in TTA and Tx group, respectively). The outcome of the individual GO features did not differ between the two groups both a 24 and 48 months.

Conclusions
The advantage of total thyroid ablation seems to be a more rapid response for GO to ivGC treatment. Prospective, randomized studies in a larger number of subjects are needed to confirm our findings.
Twelve Rational curves on Enriques surfaces
Authors: Rams Sławomir , Schütt Matthias 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGiven $$d\in {\mathbb {N}}$$

d
∈
N

, we prove that any polarized Enriques surface (over any field k of characteristic $$p \ne 2$$

p
≠
2

or with a smooth K3 cover) of degree greater than $$12d^2$$

12

d
2

contains at most 12 rational curves of degree at most d. For $$d>2$$

d
>
2

, we construct examples of Enriques surfaces of high degree that contain exactly 12 rational degree-d curves.
Applying particle swarm optimization-based decision tree classifier for wart treatment selection
Authors: Hu Junhua , Ou Xiangzhu , Liang Pei , Li Bo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWart is a disease caused by human papillomavirus with common and plantar warts as general forms. Commonly used methods to treat warts are immunotherapy and cryotherapy. The selection of proper treatment is vital to cure warts. This paper establishes a classification and regression tree (CART) model based on particle swarm optimisation to help patients choose between immunotherapy and cryotherapy. The proposed model can accurately predict the response of patients to the two methods. Using an improved particle swarm algorithm (PSO) to optimise the parameters of the model instead of the traditional pruning algorithm, a more concise and more accurate model is obtained. Two experiments are conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed model. On the hand, five benchmarks are used to verify the performance of the improved PSO algorithm. On the other hand, the experiment on two wart datasets is conducted. Results show that the proposed model is effective. The proposed method classifies better than k-nearest neighbour, C4.5 and logistic regression. It also performs better than the conventional optimisation method for the CART algorithm. Moreover, the decision tree model established in this study is interpretable and understandable. Therefore, the proposed model can help patients and doctors reduce the medical cost and improve the quality of healing operation.
Social exclusion and financial distress: evidence from Italy and Spain
Authors: Mussida Chiara , Parisi Maria Laura 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes the phenomenon of severe material deprivation (SMD) in relation to socio-economic characteristics of Italian and Spanish households. Italy and Spain have registered very different shares of severe material deprivation (households that cannot afford a minimum acceptable way of life, which is a social exclusion problem) since the 2008–2009 economic crisis, despite having similar experiences of poverty as measured in monetary terms. The analysis divides SMD into low-severe (basic or secondary or financial deprivations), medium-severe (when household suffer of two categories of deprivation) and acute-severe (when households suffer from all deprivations) and finds many interesting features associated with these categories. For example, temporary work does not shield a household from acute SMD, especially in the south of both countries, and maximum work intensity does not protect against financial distress in Italy and the Spanish South. These findings should stimulate policymakers, as local policies are needed to alleviate social exclusion.
A hybrid metaheuristic optimisation technique for load frequency control
Authors: Ramjug-Ballgobin Rajeshree , Ramlukon Chiranjeev 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the problem of load frequency control by the application of metaheuristic optimisation techniques. In order to analyse the effect of the system model on the performance of the algorithm, two different two-area systems are considered, modelled using the Matlab/Simulink package. The first one consists of a reheat thermal area and a hydro area while the second one is made up of identical reheat thermal areas. To take into consideration the effects of practical constraints, nonlinearities such as Generation Rate Constraint, Governor Deadband and Boiler Dynamics are introduced. The Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm and Teaching Learning Based Optimisation are applied followed by a proposed hybrid of both algorithms to tune Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers for the different areas of the systems, taking into account step load changes as inputs. The aim of this proposed algorithm is to merge the qualities of the individual algorithms to provide a more efficient one, converging faster to the optimal gains of the controllers. The results obtained proved the satisfactory performances of all algorithms and superiority of the hybrid Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm -Teaching Learning Based Optimisation technique in controlling frequency level in both systems investigated, where the main control measures such as peak values, settling times and steady-state values have been considered.

Article Highlights

When considering a system of electrical mechanisms installed to produce, distribute and use electric energy, it is important to match supply with demand in order to keep frequency almost constant so as to ensure the safe and reliable use of equipment and maintain stability.

The combination of two different algorithms efficiently improved the performance of the control system since the new system benefitted from the qualities of both strategies.

Algorithm-based controllers provided robust and reliable frequency control and may be used to increase the quality of electrical energy under increasing and constantly changing demand.