bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Population Of Festuca Arundinaceae Sherb. The Cretaceous South Of The Middle Russian Uplands As A Starting Material For The Selection Of Grass Bearing Varieties
Authors: Kosolapov V M , Cherniavskih V I , Dumacheva E V , Marinich M N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Collected specimens of Festuca arundinaceae Sherb. (2014-2018). Source material for breeding was obtained as a result of expeditionary studies in the Belgorod region in different ecotopes of ravine and ravine complexes, floodplains of rivers, and technogenic-disturbed lands. Tests of breeding value of selected forms were carried out in comparison with released varieties of Russian (‘Olshanka’, ‘Ivitsa’, ‘Darina’) and foreign breeding (‘Finelawn’, ‘Meandre’). It has been established that the forms selected in natural habitats had wide limits of variation in all basic selection traits - Cv varied from 11.4% for traits ‘number of shoots on 1 plant’ and ‘number of productive shoots on 1 plant’ to 65.4% for the trait ‘color of knots’. Wild populations provide opportunities for selection of such important for selection on seed productivity traits as “number of seeds in one panicle” and “weight of 1000 seeds” - Cv = 12.1 % and 16.1 % accordingly. The results indicate the possibility of using the source material available in the collection to produce new lawn varieties with high seed productivity and ornamental value.
Wild Populations Of Medicago Falcata L. In Small River Basins Of European Russia As A Source Material For Breeding
Authors: Kosolapov V M , Cherniavskih V I , Dumacheva E V , Tseiko L M , Kostomakhin M N , Berdiev M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The genetic resources of wild populations of Medicago falcate L. of the Cretaceous South of the Srednerussky Upland in ecotopic conditions of chalky slopes and floodplain meadows in the basins of small rivers Tikhaya Sosna and Manjokha were studied to find the source material for breeding work to create varieties for different cultivation conditions. Evaluation of phytocenotic features, density of cenopopulations, forage and seed species was carried out. The species M. falcata forms, both on meadows in floodplains and on chalk slopes, full-membered normal cenopopulations, which have a continual (continuous) distribution of individuals by age groups, stable in time and in space. The centralized ontogenetic spectrum indicates the stable status of M. falcata cenopopulations in plant communities in various ecotopes of small river basins. The density of individuals of M. falcata was on average 18.9 % higher in cenopopulations of floodplains than in chalk slopes. The density of generative individuals in all studied cenopopulations was on average close and varied within 81.2-83.7 %, which indicates their stability in time and high adaptive potential. The weight of one fruiting model plant of floodplain meadows was 2.28 times higher than on chalky slopes. Seed yield on floodplain meadows was 2.02 times higher than on chalky slopes. Valuable source material for breeding M. falcatum varieties adapted to different ecotopic conditions was obtained.
The Role Of Perennial Grasses In The Protection Of Soil Resources Of Erosive Ecosystems With Active Development Of Linear Erosion
Authors: Kosolapov V M , Cherniavskih V I , Dumacheva E V , Marinich M N , Sajfutdinova L D , Lanin D O 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We evaluated the stability of perennial legume and cereal grass species in artificial plant communities on permanent anti-erosion watercourses in the agroecosystems of the Belgorod region with active development of linear soil erosion. In the conditions of steppe and forest-steppe zones of the Belgorod region on permanently grassed watercourses in 2017-2019. varieties of perennial leguminous and cereal grasses: ‘Krasnoyaruzhskaya 1’ and ‘Krasnoyaruzhskaya 2’ (Medicago varia), ‘Kazatsky’ (Trifolium pratense), ‘Olshanka’ and ‘Ivica’ (Festuca arundinacea), ‘Streletsky’ and ‘Stepnyak’ (Lolium perenne)) obtained using local genetic material were studied. All varieties showed their resistance in agro-ecosystems with active development of linear erosion in the forest-steppe and steppe zones. Projective cover on watercourses in the steppe zone in all variants of experience was on average 83,4 %, in the forest-steppe zone - 86,3 %. In the third year of the tests on permanently irrigated watercourses in the steppe zone, the share of cereal and legume grass species was quite high and varied from 88 % in the variant M. varia + Onobrychis arenaria to 92 % in the variants M. varia + Bromopsis inermis and O. arenaria. In the forest-steppe zone, the share of cereal and legume grass species varied from 86 % in the variant L. perenne to 94 % in the variant L. perenne + B. inermis.
Trifolium Repense L. Breeding In The Central Chernozem Region: Main Directions And Methods Of Work
Authors: Kosolapov V M , Cherniavskih V I , Dumacheva E V , Sopina N A , Tseiko V I , Markova E I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Varieties and breeding samples of creeping clover Trifolium repense L. of lawn direction were studied in the nursery of competitive varietal trials. Using the methods of recurrent breeding involving local populations of creeping clover growing on chalk outcrops as initial forms, two varieties ‘Krasnoyaruzhsky’ and ‘Ilyok’ were obtained, as well as a new breeding sample PO 17/07. Varieties ‘Krasnoyaruzhsky’, ‘Ilyok’ and selection sample PO 17/7 are characterized by high seed productivity, the possibility of cultivation on soils with high carbonate content (burial of construction waste in an urban environment, reclamation of man-made-disturbed landscapes, etc.); high resistance to trampling. Seed yield over three years of tests in varieties ‘Krasnoyaruzhsky’, ‘Ilyok’ and breeding sample PO 17/7 significantly exceed the standard by an average of 24,6-26,8%; have uniform foliage at the level of 48-53%. Breeding sample PO 17/7 is planned to be submitted to the State variety testing.
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in forage crop rotations of the forest zone
Authors: Shpakov A S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The forest zone of Russia is most favorable for the development of dairy and meat animal husbandry. In solving the problem of intensification of animal husbandry, the most important role belongs to high-quality feed, especially in terms of their provision with protein and essential amino acids [1, 2, 3, 4]. Alfalfa is of great importance in solving the problem of producing high-quality forage. The expansion of alfalfa sowing in the forest zone is facilitated by successful breeding of varieties at the All-Russian Research Institute of feed (Selena, Pasturenaya 88, Vega 87, Lada, Lugovaya 67), combining high productivity of biomass and seeds, resistance to unfavorable environmental factors, a positive effect on fertility and nitrogen balance in the soil … The most fully productive potential of alfalfa, including longevity in nitrogen-fixing capacity, is realized in fodder crop rotations, which are the basis of field fodder production in specialized dairy and meat farms [5].
Breeding of perennial forage crops for disease resistance
Authors: Razgulyaeva N V , Kostenko N Y , Putsa N M , Blagoveshenskaya E Y 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The creation of the initial breeding material of forage crops, promising in terms of disease resistance, is a difficult task that requires the solution of many related issues. Such studies should be carried out on artificial field infectious backgrounds. In FSC “VIK named after V.R. Williams” such backgrounds were created on the basis of data of long-term phytosanitary monitoring to identify the main diseases of forage crops. Techniques for creating field backgrounds and methods for laboratory assessment of resistance have been developed, which make it possible to reduce the number of samples evaluated against backgrounds, due to the rejection of susceptible to the disease. When evaluating 20 collection samples of meadow clover and awnless rump, 10 samples with increased disease resistance were identified. As a result of further breeding study of this material by methods of selection, self-pollination, cloning, promising biotypes in terms of disease resistance were obtained. On the basis of these biotypes, polycross populations of meadow clover and awnless rump were created. An assessment of the stability of these populations against artificial infectious backgrounds was carried out. In terms of resistance to fusarium, the polycross population of meadow clover exceeded the standard variety VIC 77 by 24%. The population of awnless rump exceeded the standard Fakelny cultivar by 21% on average over 2 years. A breeding program has been developed to create the initial material for meadow clover and awnless rump with increased disease resistance.
Summer Mixed Seeding For Green Fodder As A Preceder For Winter And Spring Grain Crops
Authors: Buyankin N I , Krasnoperov A G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mixed summer crops are used to obtain green forage in the late autumn period and are very effective precursors for winter and spring crops. The use of summer crops as a precursor for winter and spring crops saturated with legumes, which, thanks to a well-developed, deeply penetrating root system, raise available nutrients into the arable horizon, structure the soil and leave biological nitrogen for forage after harvesting, using nitrifying bacteria in the rhizosphere.
Impact of planting timing on seed yields and productive longevity of eastern goat rue (Galega orientales Lam)
Authors: Zolotarev V N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Eastern goat’s rue (Galega orientales Lam.) has a complex of economically useful features, which makes it a priority introduced fodder crop in different soil and climatic zones. The initial stages of ontogenesis determine the development of plants and the amount of seed yield of goat’s rue for the next year. In the first year, goat’s rue plants develop slowly, which requires its early sowing. It was found that the highest fullness of sprouts in the range of 50-61% was noted when goat’s rue was sown in the period from May 25 to June 5. Moisture conditions of vegetation seasons have a decisive influence on growth and development of plants in the year of sowing and their preservation during the overwintering period. The highest yield of seeds in the 1st year of using was when sowing goat’s rue from the beginning of May to the middle of the first decade of June which provided accumulation of the sum of effective air temperatures 1409,5-1125,00C and amount of precipitation within the range 373,9-335,7 mm from shoots to the end of vegetation in the year of sowing and 1208,30C with 274,9 mm of precipitation in the second year before harvesting. The highest seed yields in the range of 466-560 kg/ha yieldwere obtained from goat’s rue crops of May and June sowing dates. The influence of sowing dates on seed yields was evident during the first two years. In subsequent years, the value of seed yield is leveled.
The effect of new forms of micro-fertilizers on the yield and quality of white lupine
Authors: Yakovenko G L , Slesareva T N , Yakovenko T V , Pisareva S A , Myasnikova N V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The limiting factor of yield is often the insufficient supply of plants with nutrients during the growing season. In this regard, it is necessary to find new techniques that provide a solution to this problem. The article presents the results of studies of micro-fertilizers on the yield and quality of white lupine grain. The use of Aquamix ST fertilizers and potassium Metaborate contributed to an increase in the yield of white lupine grain by an average of 37.5 and 35.4%. In all variants of applying Aquamix ST, an increase in the protein content in the white lupine grain of the Pilgrim variety was found. The excess over the control varied from 5.0 to 5.8 %. The use of Aquamix ST and potassium Metaborate on vegetative plants reduced the alkaloid content of lupin grain by 24.7 … 34.6%. Treatment of white lupine crops in the budding phase with Aquamix ST and potassium Metaborate increased the carotene content in the grain by 34.3 - 25.0%, respectively. The analysis of the data showed that the maximum amount of lysine and carotene was characterized by a variant that includes pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Aquamix ST and subsequent treatment of vegetating plants in the budding phase. On average, over the years of research, the use of micro and macro fertilizers led to an increase in feed units and digestible protein with the yield of lupine grain. More valuable in terms of feed were the options that combine high yield with high grain quality. The greatest collection of digestible protein of 1.26 t/ha, feed units of 6.0 t/ha and exchange energy of 54.8 GJ/ha was provided by Aquamix ST in the variant with pre-sowing seed treatment and two treatments for vegetation. Potassium metaborate, used for the treatment of vegetative plants in the budding phase, showed almost the same results.
Scientific And Economic Justification Of Application Of Symbiotic Polycomponent Fodder Additive In Feeding High Productive Cows
Authors: Kosolapova V G , Buryakov N P , Mokrushina O G , Kosolapov A V , Aleshin D E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Research has been carried out on the use of the symbiotic “Rumimaster” in balanced diets of highly productive cows in the conditions of the breeding plant “Kirovskaya meadow-bog experimental station”. The experiment was carried out on two groups of animals in the middle of lactation with a duration of 90 days. The inclusion of the feed additive “Rumimaster” in the diet of experienced cows contributed to an increase in the gross production of natural and 4% fat milk by 124.5 kg and 128.4 kg, the yield of milk fat and milk protein by 5.2 and 4.1 kg, respectively. … The differences between the groups for these parameters were in the range of 5.1-5.7%. The productivity of cows for 305 days of lactation in the experimental group was higher than in the control by 7.5%.
The symbiotic “Rumimaster” promoted the activation of digestion processes, which was reflected in the increase in the time of feed consumption and the duration of the chewing gum. The cows of the experimental group showed an increase in the level of digestibility of the main nutrients. In terms of the digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber, the experimental group of cows significantly exceeded the indicators of the control group by 3.3 and 3 absolute percent, respectively. The blood biochemical parameters of the animals of the experimental and control groups were within the physiological norm. The economic evaluation of the research results showed the effectiveness of the use of the symbiotic “Rumimaster” in the diets of lactating cows, which was expressed in the receipt of additional profit from one cow in the amount of 1,344.79 rubles for the period of experience and an increase in the profitability of milk production by 2.1 absolute percent.
Ecological restoration of fodder productivity of degraded pastures in the foothill desert zone of Central Asia
Authors: Shamsutdinov N Z , Sanzeev V V , Sh Shamsutdinov Z 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Irrational, ecologically unregulated economic activity in the vast deserts of Central Asia has led to biodiversity depletion, decrease in the fodder productivity of natural pastures and, as a result, deterioration in the fodder base of grassland farming. Forage production of these degraded pastures requires ecological restoration. To enrich the species composition and to increase the fodder productivity of degraded pastures we conducted strip sowing of black saxaul. Restorative succession on degraded pastures led to the formation of a long-term halophytic shrub-ephemeral pasture community consisting of two layers: upper (I) layer represented by black saxaul and lower (II) layer composed of ephemeroids, ephemerals and annual saltwort. Ephemerals are short-growing fodder plants (March–April); Haloxylon aphyllum refers to long-growing (226–242 days) fodder plants, which sprout in the period from late March to early December. Annual salsolas Salsola carinata and Halocharis hispida develop well under the crown of Haloxylon aphyllum. Here they are much larger than between the crowns. The shrub-ephemeral pasture community is dominated by annual grasses and Poa bulbosa. They are mainly concentrated on the outer border of the undercrown ring and are characterized by lush development. In the halophytic semi-shrub-ephemeroid pasture community, the total yield of forage mass of ephemera was 0.90 t/ha; the total yield of forage mass of annual saltwort was 0.14 t/ha; the total yield of forage mass of Haloxylon aphyllum was 0.89 t/ha; the total yield of forage mass was 1.93 t/ha.
Grass ecosystems in agrolandscapes of the Yeletsky District of the Central Russian Province forest-steppe zone of the Central Chernozem Region of Russia
Authors: Trofimov I A , Trofimova L S , Yakovleva E P , Teberdiev D M , Kutuzova A A , Privalova K N , Rodionova A V , Yemelyanov A V , Skripnikova E V , Gorbunov A S , Bykovskaya O P , Koshen B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In order to study the spatial distribution of biological and ecological patterns of grass ecosystems, we conducted an agrolandscape-ecological zoning of the territory of the Central Chernozem Region of Russia (CCR) on the basis of the author’s methodology. According to the zoning data, it is established that 75% of the territory of the CCR belongs to the forest-steppe zone. The Central Russian province of the forest-steppe zone covers 67% of the territory of the CCR. Yeletsky district occupies the eastern spurs of the Central Russian upland. The area of the district is 1929.7 thousand hectares. Most of the district (90%) is located in the Lipetsk region, 10% – in the Kursk region. In the past, the watersheds of the district were occupied by meadow steppes and partly oak forests. Currently, more than 80% of the district’s territory is occupied by agricultural land (arable land, pastures, hayfields). The structure of land is dominated by arable land-67% of the total area of the district, pastures occupy 11%, hayfields – 3%, forests – 7%, shrubs – 2%, under water and swamps – 1%, other land – 8%. The grass ecosystems of the meadow steppes preserved along the gullies and slopes are mainly used as natural grasslands (NG) and make up 79% of all NG of the Yelets District. The most common are the downed tipchak pastures on the slopes of different steepness. The yield of these pastures is 8–12 centners per hectare of dry eaten mass.
Creation of a new breeding material for creeping clover (Trifolium repens L.) hay-pasture type using the hybridization method
Authors: Ivanova A A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The studies were carried out in the Moscow region in 2019-2021. In order to create a new breeding material for creeping hay-pasture clover, samples of the Lodian type (giganteum variety), characterized by high peduncles and longer leaf petioles, and a low content of hydrocyanic acid (0.3 mg%), were selected as parental forms. Reciprocal crossing was carried out. Hybrids F1 and F2 in the first year of life were assessed by the main economic and biological characteristics: the length of the peduncles, the number of inflorescences on the plant, fodder and seed productivity, early maturity, winter hardiness and other indicators. Based on the assessment results, the best hybrids and individual biotypes were identified.
Global climate change and the creation of adapted varieties of forage crops
Authors: Kostenko S I , Shamsutdinova E Z , Yu Novoselov M , Piskovatsky Yu M , Tyurin Yu S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In Russian agriculture, fodder crops play a huge role as a source of complete feed for animals and as the main factor in the greening of all agriculture. It is fodder crops that are the main factors for increasing the humus content in soils, as the main indicator of their fertility, it is they who can most successfully fight wind and water erosion, it is they who most successfully of all agricultural crops can grow on the poorest and most problematic soils (saline, arid, waterlogged, etc.) being pioneers for the cultivation of basic food crops. This predetermines the primary role of forage crops in responding to climate change throughout Eurasia. In the past periods of history, global climate change led to major social shocks precisely because of a sharp decline in agricultural production, crop failures, and even a subsequent decline in population in individual countries [1]. Timely response to such changes by creating varieties adapted to new limiting environmental factors will not only successfully overcome the expected crisis, but also benefit from such a change. In addition to using traditional methods, great hopes are pinned on the widespread use of modern genetic technologies, biochemical and physiological methods, methods of cell and tissue culture.
Agro-energy efficiency of improved technologies for the production of pasture fodder in upland meadows of the Central non-Chernozem region
Authors: A Kutuzova A , Kosolapov V M , Privalova K N , Provornaya E E , Sedova E G , Karimov R R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
On the basis of a modern method of agro-energy assessment of anthropogenic non-renewable energy sources and natural renewable resources, scientific evidence of the high economic efficiency of green fodder production on cultivated pastures is presented. Two field experiments were carried out to improve the composition of cereal grasses with the participation of domestic zoned varieties of perennial ryegrass and festulolium, as well as similar grass mixtures with the inclusion of legumes: white clover and red clover. The total anthropogenic costs have been determined, the return on their exchange energy in the produced feed was 3-4 times and even 10 times, the role of natural factors in the structure of the obtained exchange energy was established. This serves as a theoretical basis for the indicators of the economic efficiency of cultivated pastures created using resource-saving technologies: mainly due to the long-term use of cereal grasses (for 14 years) or the supply of biological nitrogen on legume and cereal grasses, replacing the use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of N126-131 per year (on average for 7 years) on dry meadows of the Non-Chernozem zone.