bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN KONSEP HYBRID CONTRACT DALAM PEMBIAYAAN RAHN DI PEGADAIAN SYARI’AH
Authors: Maulana Lutfi 
Published: September 2021

Sejalan dengan perkembangan ekonomi dan teknologi, bank syariah dituntut untuk selalu berinovasi supaya produk-produk yang ditawarkan dapat menarik minat para nasabah, juga dapat bersaing dengan bank konvensional Salah satu pilar penting untuk menciptakan produk keuangan syari’ah dalam memenuhi tuntutan kebutuhan masyarakat modern adalah pengembangan hybrid conctract (multi akad). Praktik gadai di Pegadaian syariah sering menuai keraguaan mengenai kesyariahan produknya tersebut. Keraguan ini muncul karena adanya pemberlakuan hybrid contract atau multi akad. Begitu juga penggunaan multi akad dan penghitungan biaya sewa penyimpanan (ijarah) yang dilakukan oleh Pegadaian Syariah menimbulkan keraguan mengenai kesyariahan dari akad gadai syariah tersebut. Oleh karenanya penelitian ini mencoba mengkaji lebih mendalam tentang konsep hybrd contract dalam praktik rahn di pegadaian syariah untuk memperoleh gambaran yang lebih mendalam mengenai konsep hybrid contract dalam akad gadai yang diterapkan oleh Pegadaian Syariah. Analisis data dalam tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan fiqh juga menggunakan pendekatan substantive normatif dalam pemikiran hukum Islam. Hasil temuan sementara menunjukkan bahwa produk rahn di pegadaian syari’ah masih dipertanyakan kesyari’ahannya. Jika dikaji lebih mendalam berdasarkan kriteria hybrid contract yang dibolehkan, maka produk ini bisa termasuk ke dalam hybrid contract yang dilarang, karena ia termasuk ke dalam penggabungan jual beli dengan hutang-piutang yang dilarang oleh hadits dan ulama, karena ia menggabungkan dua akad yang bertentangan karakter dan sifatnya. Keywords: Hybrid contract, rahn , ijârah, ardl, pegadaian syari’ah
PENERAPAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN REKSADANA SYARIAH
Authors: Firmansyah Leo 
Published: September 2021

Tulisan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh beberapa penelitian mengenai perkembangan dan penerapan reksadana syariah di Indonesia, serta melihat kondisi yang terjadi di dunia pasar modal Indonesia yang saat ini sedang menjadi tren di kalangan ekonom muda. Tulisan ini memiliki tujuan untuk memberikan wawasan lebih dalam, mengenai penerapan dan perkembangan reksadana syariah yang telah terjadi di Indonesia di lihat dari berbagai sumber penelitian dan literatur yang ada. Penulis memakai metode penulisan studi literatur dengan menelaah beberapa jurnal dan litertur yang terkait dengan perkembangan dan penerapan reksadana syariah yang telah selama ini terjadi di Indonesia. Hasil telaah tesebut nantinya akan digunakan untuk menberikan dan memperjelas wawasan mengenai penerapan dan perkembangan reksadana syariah di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Reksadana Syariah, Penerapan, Perkembangan, Studi Literatur.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN APLIKASI BERBASIS ONLINE SEBAGAI BENTUK MANAJEMEN STRATEGIS DALAM BERBISNIS (Penelitian di PT Pajajaran Transportasi Executive)
Authors: Ayu Naila Sri Sukma 
Published: September 2021

PT. Pajajaran Transportasi Executive adalah sebuah perusahaan jasa travel door to door dan kurir paket Bandung-Bogor, Bogor-Bandung yang terletak di daerah Panyileukan, Kota Bandung. Ketatnya persaingan usaha di Indonesia, maka dipandang perlu untuk menerapkan sistem manajemen strategis yang efisien agar dapat menguasai potensi pasar yang ada. Salah satu dari kebijakan strategis yang diambil adalah dengan menerapkan sistem aplikasi yang berbasis teknologi online. Selanjutnya akan dilakukan analisis SWOT dalam menilai kebijakan ini dan pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan metode kualitatif yaitu dengan mewawancarai tim IT dari perusahaan ini serta pengumpulan data berdasarkan studi dokumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui salah satu dari sekian banyak strategi bisnis yang sesuai dengan perkembangan era industri 4.0. Selain itu, untuk mengetahui tingkat efektivitas sistem yang ditetapkan. Pengetahuan dan wawasan manusia yang tumbuh begitu pesat serta pola pikir dalam peradaban dunia semakin berkembang menjadi alasan terciptanya sebuah aplikasi yang membantu memudahkan seluruh aktivitas manusia di muka bumi. Kata Kunci: Bisnis, Manajemen, Strategis, SWOT.
REGULASI INVESTASI PASAR MODAL SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sholeh Habib Iman Nurdin 
Published: September 2021

This article explains about Islamic investment and capital markets in a juridical-normative perspective. Investment and capital markets are part of muamalah activities, so all activities must have a legal basis to be used as guidelines in its implementation. Investment and capital market activities, with all types, types and contracts in it are one derivative of the framework of muamalah activities in the field of Islamic economics. Juridical-normative perspectives on investment activities and Islamic capital markets, rarely found in academic literature, therefore it is important to examine the extent to which Islamic principles are adopted into positive law to serve as a legal umbrella in investment business activities. In this article, the method used by the author is a normative juridical method, which uses a problem approach with the intent and purpose of studying and reviewing applicable laws and competent regulations to be used as a basis for discussion of existing problems. Sharia norms and principles regarding investment and capital markets that can be guided have been codified in various Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional (DSN-MUI). Until now, DSN-MUI has issued at least 19 (nineteen) fatwas relating to investment activities and Islamic capital markets. However, in the life of the state also needs a legal umbrella so that investment activities and capital markets have the power of law, legal certainty, and justice. The legislation and regulations that have been legalized by relevant state institutions that have legal standing are 2 (two) pieces of Law and 9 (nine) Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) Regulations. Keywords: Investasi, Pasar Modal, Regulasi.
PRINSIP-PRINSIP EKONOMI ISLAM DALAM INVESTASI SYARIAH
Authors: Inayah Ina Nur 
Published: September 2021

Salah satu karunia Allah kepada manusia sebagai bekal hidup adalah harta . Islam tidak melarang penggunaan harta secara konsumtif namun tetap harus mengupayakan sisi produktifitas. Salah satu upaya tersebut produktifitas harta adalah dengan investasi. Investasi adalah sebuah komitmen untuk menyimpan harta atau dana yang diharapkan akan mendapatkan keuntungan di masa yang akan datang. Kegiatan investasi ini sangat dianjurkan dalam Islam sebagaimana dinyatakan dalam AlQuran dan dipraktikan oleh Nabi SAW. Hal itu dikarenakan banyak sekali manfaat yang ditimbulkan selain sebagai penjagaan diri, juga karena harta yang diinvestasikan tidak bertumpuk hanya pada seseorang tapi terdistribusi sehingga menambah nilai dan manfaat harta. Namun tidak semua investasi boleh dilakukan , Islam sebagai agama yang mengatur semua aspek kehidupan manusia, memiliki prinsip-prinsip yang dapat dijadikan batasan dan aturan dan membedakan mana investasi yang halal dan yang haram. Aturan tersebut meliputi jenis usaha, transaksi dan modalnya. Sehingga dengan memahami prinsip-prinsip tersebut umat Islam akan terhindar dari praktik muamalah yang dilarang. Karena sejatinya Islam memandang investasi tidak hanya sebagian aktifitas muamalah maliyah semata tetapi memiliki nilai ibadah bila tetap pada koridor aturan dan prinsip-prinsip Syariah. Kata Kunci : Investasi, prinsip-prinsip, ekonomi Syariah.
PENGARUH SISTEM KARTEL DALAM SISTEM PERDAGANGAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Safe’i Abdulah , Jalaluddin Jalaluddin 
Published: September 2021

Artikel ini berangkat dari fenomena banyaknya sistem kerjasama antar pengusaha yang secara sistemik mengatur dan menjalankan berbagai strategi demi tujuan dan keuntungan yang ditetapkan sedemikin rupa. Salah satu sistem kerjasama dimaksud adalah Kartel. Pada hampir setiap kegiatan ekonomi pangan, peluang terjadinya fenomena kartel selalu muncul. Selain karena kecenderungan perburuan rente di kalangan pelaku ekonomi yang tumbuh subur, fenomena kartel juga muncul karena lemahnya struktur penegakan aturan main, lemahnya pengawasan dan buruknya kualitas kebijakan ekonomi pemerintah secara umum. Bila dilihat dari cara memperoleh keuntungan, kartel pada dasarnya sama dengan praktek monopoli yang dilarang karena menimbulkan persaingan usaha yang tidak sehat. Hal tersebut mengacu adanya kerja sama antara perusahaan yang sejenis yang menimbulkan kerugian pada konsumen. Kata Kunci: kartel, monopoli, konsumen, kebijakan ekonomi.
PENERAPAN RASIONALITAS EKONOMI ISLAM DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PERILAKU ISRAF DI TENGAH PANDEMI
Authors: Awaluddin Andri 
Published: September 2021

Human beings as social beings in an effort to meet the needs of their lives are always doing economic activities. To regulate these economic activities, there are several economic systems that can be applied, some that adhere to the capitalist economic system, some that adhere to the social economic system. But as Muslims should impose an economic system can put the interests of the people above personal interests so as to create rationality in conducting economic activities. As a human being who has lust tends to have excessive consumption behavior (israf), but man also has a sense that is able to control consumptive nature so that in fulfilling the needs of his life man always control himself to be free from israf behavior. In the making of this journal the author uses qualitative research methods with literature research. Keywords: Rationality, Islamic Economy, Israf
Results of longstanding, single-center trial for pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma treatment
Authors: Valiev T. T. , Belyaeva E. S. 
Published: September 2021

Background. Actually, treatment results of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are the most dramatic oncohematology achievements, therefore modern treatment protocols designed to toxicity reduction with the same high level of patients’ survival. Time of complete response occupies a central position in the prognostic factors for HL and helps to find a group of patients whose treatment could be de-escalated.Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of original domestic risk-adopted protocol RDC POG-HL 2003 with treatment de-escalation and refused radiation therapy (RT) for early-responded patients.Materials and methods. 192 patients were enrolled in prospective RDC POG-HL 2003 protocol from February 2003 to November 2020. Median age was 12.8 years (from 3 to 17). Local stages (IA–IIA) were diagnosed in 48 (25 %) patients, disseminated (IIB–IVB) – in 144 (75 %) cases. For local (IA–IIA) stages by RCD POG-HL 2003 treatment included DBVE + RT, for disseminated (IIB–IVB) – BEACOPP escalated (esc.) + RT. In case of 70 % and more tumor reduction after 4 induction courses of BEACOPP-esc., the following treatment included less intensive schemes (ABVD, COPP/ABV). Because of high risk of breast cancer in girls after mediastinal RT, it was possible to omit a RT in case of early response.Results. All patients with local stages are alive by the time of study end. Event- and relapse-free survivals in this group were 97.8 ± 2.5 % (median follow up 181.9 ± 4.8 months). Event-free survival for disseminated stages patients was 90.3 ± 3.3 % (median follow up 179.1 ± 4.2 months), relapse-free survival – 93.5 ± 2.1 % (median follow up 191.7 ± 2.3 months) and overall survival – 97.9 ± 1.2 % (median follow up 196.3 ± 2.6 months). In 48 (25 %) patients it was possible to omit RT without reducing survival rates.Conclusion. Differentiated HL treatment with respect to disease stage and time of complete response is a key to success of treatment. Such approach permits us to reduce cumulative therapy toxicity by its de-escalation and, in some cases, to omit RT.
Perinatal outcomes of quadruplet pregnancy
Authors: Kalashnikov S. A. , Kudratova D. R. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction. A significantly increased frequency of multiple pregnancies including more than two fetuses is a consequence of using assisted reproductive technologies and ovulation stimulations. However, such pregnancies remain poorly investigated. Aim: to study the course and perinatal outcomes of quadruplet pregnancies.Materials and Methods. 7 pregnant women with quadruplets were examined. A comprehensive examination, including fetometry, monitoring of the cervical length, Doppler examination, and treatment of all complications were performed for all pregnant women. Results. Quadruplet pregnancy belongs to the peak risk group for the frequency of multiple gestational complications: cervical incompetence (85.7 %), anemia (71.4 %), preeclampsia (57.1 %), fetal growth retardation (71.4 %), premature birth (100.0 %), massive bleeding during delivery (33.3 %), extremely low birth weight newborns (30.8 %), respiratory disorders (100.0 %), intraventricular hemorrhages (38.5 %).Conclusion. Women with quadruplet pregnancies should be monitored and give a birth in level 3 perinatal centers. Delivery should be preferentially performed by caesarean section. The data obtained additionally underline that as few as a single embryo should solely transferred.
The Tejon Pass earthquake of October 22, 1916
Authors: Branner John Casper 
Published: September 2021

Summary
The area over which the shock was felt by persons at rest was 27,000 square miles or more, extending from Fresno on the north to San Diego on the south, and from Mojave to the coast.
The epicenter seems to have been near the summit of the Tejon Pass, where the intensity reached VII or a little more, of the Rossi-Forel scale.
At many places the shock was preceded by a pronounced roar like thunder or a high wind. Wherever the direction of the sound was noted it appeared to come from the epicentral area.
The region is too thinly populated and our data are too meager to enable us to outline the area of high intensity with confidence, but the following facts seem to be fairly well established:
The shock or shocks were produced by movement on the fault line that passes through the Tejon Pass and follows thence east-southeast along the axes of Leonas Valley and Anaverde Valley and northwestward through Cuddy Canyon and Cuddy Valley.
The topographic evidence of the fault in the Tejon Pass is very pronounced, but there is topographic evidence of another fault that branches off from the Tejon Pass fault about a mile and a half northwest of Tejon Pass and runs east-northeast from the northwest corner of Los Angeles county, passing along the north side of Castac Lake. The depression occupied by Castac Lake seems to have been formed by a downthrow on the south side of this fault.
It has been supposed that the fault through Tejon Pass was a southward prolongation of the San Andreas fault near San Francisco. The identity of these faults is far from being evident. The topography, the distribution of earthquake shocks, and the method of fracture along the fault zones all suggest a series of overlapping faults rather than one continuous fault.
Mr. Hamlin says on this subject: “This fault is not a long continuous fracture, but rather a fault zone with numerous branches. Dropped blocks are not uncommon along this zone, some being a mile or more wide and twice as long.”
The forms of the isoseismals of this particular earthquake, however, suggest definite relations to this fault zone.
Earthquakes in Oregon
Authors: Smith Warren DuPré 
Published: September 2021

Summary
Neither in number nor in intensity has Oregon suffered from earthquakes, and so far the subject is one of scientific interest only. The number of earthquakes on record to date is thirty, and these appear all to be of tectonic origin. There is not an actual, but only an apparent seismic hiatus between California and the state of Washington.
Oregon needs at least one complete seismograph, and an accurate study of this important and interesting subject should be begun at once.
An investigation into the time term method in refraction seismology
Authors: Reiter Leon 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The time term method of seismic refraction data analysis allows an areal arrangement of shot points and stations and yields directly a three-dimensional representation of underlying structure. This method was investigated analytically and through numerical experiments to determine implicit sources of error and to provide guidelines for its proper use. Error terms for computed refractor depths were derived for two site arrays over two structures, a simply dipping refractor surface and a symmetric anticlinal refractor surface. These error terms proved to be qualitatively reliable guides to the performance of the time term method using models of multi site arrays over planar and biplanar refractor structures. Neither continuity of time terms nor use of a known refractor velocity in the computations offered a guarantee of a more accurate refractor reconstruction. In the two models tested a refractor velocity greater than the true velocity yielded the best reconstruction. Sensitivity to angle of dip indicated preferred orientation of shot-station lines along gentle apparent dips when the underlying structure is known and their orientation along several azimuths when the structure is unknown so as to mute the effect of high dip angles. If the structure has refractor surfaces dipping more than a few degrees, the time term method will give inaccurate results unless previous knowledge of the refractor configuration permits model studies to determine error terms and arrangement of shots and stations. Unfortunately such knowledge is usually the goal of a seismic experiment.
Analyses of ground motions at Union Bay, Seattle during earthquakes and distant nuclear blasts
Authors: Seed H. Bolton , Idriss I. M. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Recordings of accelerations at three different depths within the soil profile at Union Bay were obtained during a mild nearby earthquake and three distant nuclear blast events. These recordings were made by instruments which had been placed in peat 10 feet below the ground surface, in clay 61 feet below the ground surface and in glacial till 105 feet below the ground surface. Accelerations in the EW, NS and vertical directions were recorded simultaneously at these three depths. Using an equivalent linear variable damping lumped-mass solution, incorporating strain-dependent material properties for the peat and clay layers, the motions throughout the deposits were computed. The recorded accelerations in the glacial till were used as input base motion. Comparisons of the time histories of accelerations, maximum accelerations and spectral values of the motions recorded during the nearby earthquake with the corresponding computed motions indicated a high degree of agreement. The maximum accelerations recorded during the distant nuclear blast events also compared well with the computed accelerations.
An engineering intensity scale for earthquakes and other ground motion
Authors: Blume John A. 
Published: September 2021

abstractAn engineering intensity scale is proposed for earthquakes and for ground motion resulting from nuclear or chemical explosions. It is based upon 5 per cent damped response spectra developed from the ground motion and a standard 10 × 9 matrix with columns representing period bands and rows representing prescribed response velocity levels, Sv. Acceleration or relative displacement can also be readily assigned with the use of 4-way logarithmic paper. The El scale can be reported by period column as 9-digit, 3-digit, or 1-digit numbers, or by all three in a standard format. The more digits reported, the greater the amount of information on the period bands. The advantages over existing scales are many including ratings that are directly informative and useful in damage estimations and which ratings are made objectively and have period identification lacking in other scales. Some example El ratings are provided.
Study of regional seismicity and associated problems
Authors: Evernden J. F. 
Published: September 2021

abstractThis paper constitutes a compilation of seismicity data available in the literature plus regional and worldwide data obtained from the USCGS Preliminary Determination of Epicenter (PDE) lists. Data are presented in the form of the recurrence relationship of log N versus magnitude, where N is either cumulative or incremental number of earthquakes, and magnitude is either mb or MS. Relative shapes of these recurrence curves as regards mb versus MS, large magnitude versus small magnitude, shallow focus versus deep focus, etc. are discussed. Conclusions on variability of seismicity with time and on worldwide level of seismic activity are included.
The Godavari Valley earthquake sequence of April 1969
Authors: Gupta Harsh K. , Mohan Indra , Narain Hari 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The Godavari Valley earthquake sequence of April 1969 has been studied in detail. The (Sg − Pg) and the (Pg − Pn) intervals have been used for estimating the extent of aftershock area and focal depth variations respectively. The main shock of magnitude 5.7 was followed by a number of aftershocks which are related by the function Log N = a + b M. The value of b is found to be −0.51. The main shock of April 13 accounted for 70 per cent of the total strain released. This sequence belongs to Type I of Mogi's classification. The macroseismic effects are also discussed briefly.
Elastic wave propagation in heterogeneous media
Authors: Beaudet Paul R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The wave equation is solved for the ensemble average of particle displacements produced by an explosion. The explosion is assumed to occur in a finite cavity in an infinite heterogeneous medium. The solution is applied to the seismic waves generated by an underground nuclear detonation. Field observations from the underground nuclear test program at the Nevada Test Site are in qualitative agreement with the theory.
Short-period P-coda characteristics in the eastern Canadian Shield
Authors: Hasegawa H. S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The short-period P-coda of eight earthquake events (recorded on magnetic tape) and one underground nuclear event (standard Canadian network seismogram) are analyzed in both the time and frequency domains in order to determine the transmission characteristics of the crust in the eastern section of the Canadian Shield. Surface particle motion diagrams indicate that there is appreciable anomalous P-S conversion in this region, starting at the base of the Labrador trough and extending to the upper mantle. The spectral ratio test, when applied to short-period records, is found to be capable of resolving thin crustal layers only. Coherency studies of teleseismic events recorded over a lateral distance, the same order of magnitude as the thickness of the crust in this region, show that the coherency (0.5 average) is much lower for the horizontal component than for the vertical component and also does not appear to vary appreciably with epicentral distance, whereas the vertical component does. Since for many of the records the signal-to-noise ratio of the vertical and horizontal components is comparable, these results indicate the possibility of the horizontal transfer function being more unstable over this region than the vertical transfer function.
From these observations it is concluded that (1) in the region of the eastern Canadian Shield where there is a surface layer of Proterozoic sediments about one km thick overlying basement rocks, the short-period body-wave transmission characteristics are more similar to those of the western Canada sedimentary basin in central Alberta than to those of the western part of the Canadian Shield near Yellowknife, Northwest Territories and (2) in order to resolve both thin and thick crustal layers by means of the spectral ratio test, both short- and long-period records of the P coda are required.