bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel hybrid drone for multi-propose aerial transportation and its conceptual optimization based on surrogate approach
Authors: Yue Hao , Medromi Hicham , Ding Hua , Bassir David 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In recent years the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly adopted in various applications of the aerial transportation, meanwhile both the two main classifications, the fixed wing and multi-rotors drones, are limited by their own drawbacks in different specialized domains. In order to improve the short duration of multi-rotor drone and the strict conditions for taking-off and landing of the fixed-wing, an innovative hybrid UAV with integral advantages of “delta+canard wing” and vertical lift-fans has been developed. Meanwhile, the parametrial optimization with multi-objects are discussed based on surrogate model to determine the conception of the delta wing and canard wing, and only the design speed of cruise model is considered, thus excluding the lift fan. Firstly, several parameters are chosen according to precedent experiences and researches, together with the optimal objects and constraint conditions determined by design conditions which are concluded into the typical multi-objective optimal problem; secondly, with the aid of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) limited design points generated by meta-model will make up the design of experiment (DOE) to create the response surfaces by means of Kriging method; lastly, the adaptation of the multi-objective genetic algorithm(MOGA) integrating in modeFRONTIER helps to reach the heuristic approach optimization for this problem. Therefore, the final conception of the delta wing and canard wing is achieved to perform the cruise model of the hybrid UAV.
Study on the minimum fleet size based on deadheading time threshold
Authors: hui Zhai , yong Zhang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
By integrating travel demand and car-hailing supply information, the car-hailing platforms have realized a more targeted non-cruise mobile order receiving mode. That reduces the deadheading (DH) time and the number of online car-hailing vehicles. This result will lead to a significant change in the number of online car-hailing vehicles. This paper studies the minimum fleet size based on deadheading time threshold. Then Then we use Suzhou taxi data to solve the minimum number of vehicles. Firstly, the space-time description of online car-hailing operation was established to study the influence of the DH time threshold on the total number of vehicles. The results show that the total number of vehicles decreases with the increase of the DH time threshold, and the trend tends to be gentle. Secondly, this paper discusses the relationship between the time cost of passenger and driver and the DH time threshold. Thirdly, this paper discussed the influence of the number of car-hailing platforms on the total number of vehicles, and it proves that the total number of vehicles in the multi-platform market is larger than that monopolized by a single platform. Finally, the feasibility of the research is verified by using Suzhou taxi data. Meanwhile, it proves that the minimum total number of vehicles has a certain robustness.
System Architecture and Key Technologies for the Whole Life Cycle of Smart Road
Authors: Liu Zhen , Gu Xingyu , Chen Yihan , Chen Yizheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aimed at the “smart individual” of the road, the functional and performance requirements in the process of Planning, Construction, and Maintenance for the whole life cycle of Smart Road is analyzed. Next, BIM, GIS, IoT, Big Data and AI and other advanced information technologies are integrating these technologies into the life-cycle management of smart road in this paper. Therefore, the “three-layer” logical architecture model is conducted. Then, according to the knowledge of Bionics, Smart Road is compared to a smart individual. The critical technologies needed for the SR life cycle system are analyzed based on the key elements required for the growth and development of intelligent individuals. Finally, the implementation scheme and process are analyzed in detail, which provides a reference for future SRs researchers.
IDENTIFICATION AND VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE DRIVE AND STEERING PERFORMANCE
Authors: Zhu Baoquan , Lin Ying , Zhao Qiang , Du Ying , Yu Lele 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Through the analysis of vehicle driving characteristics and steering dynamics, the system identification of vehicle driving performance and steering performance and the identification of driver types are obtained. Using MATLAB software, by analyzing the relationship between speed and engine speed, the specific gear selected by the driver at a certain time is determined, and the throttle percentage and speed amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the gear are estimated by TFESTIMATE. The driving characteristics of each gear of the experimental vehicle are obtained. According to the values of steering wheel angle, vehicle lateral acceleration and real-time speed, the corresponding law of vehicle lateral acceleration changes and steering wheel angle changes under different speed is obtained by using transfer function identification.
True Triaxial Study on Aeolian Sand Subgrade
Authors: Du Chenyan , Ma Zhigang , Li Xuefeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The drained shear tests of aeolian sand in Tengger Desert were carried out by using the British GDS true triaxial apparatus, and the shear strength and stress-strain relationships of aeolian sand were studied under the conditions of constant average principal stress and different intermediate principal stress coefficients. The test results showed that the variation trends of principal strains in the three principal stress directions were correlated with the variation of the intermediate principal stress coefficient, and the stress-strain relationships in the three principal strain directions were hardening type. With the increase of intermediate principal stress coefficients, the shear strength of the specimen decreased, and the peak value of shear strength was the lowest when b = 0.8.
Research on the Choice of Multimodal Transportation Emission Reduction Schemes Based on Different Carbon Tax Models
Authors: Wang Xiao Ning , Cui Zi Yu , Liu Min Zhuang , Wang Li Fen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Different carbon tax collection methods have an important impact on the emission reduction effect of multimodal transportation. In the entire chain transportation process of containerized cargo multimodal transportation, the generalized external cost is considered to establish the total utility model of multimodal transportation. Based on the optimal carbon tax rate, we studied the impact of single tax rate and progressive tax rate on carbon emissions of multimodal transportation schemes. Also, the Tianjin-Weihai section of the Bohai Rim Economic Circle is used for example analysis. The results of the study found that under different carbon tax starting points, the cost of electronic goods can be reduced by 80-200 yuan per ton, and the carbon emissions can be reduced by 350-600 tons. The effect of reducing emissions is also different for different cargo values. By adjusting the structure of cargo transportation, an optimal multimodal transportation plan considering carbon tax is proposed to provide a basis for carbon tax policy formulation and implementation.
Train Collision Risk Index for Anti-collision Assessment and Early Warning Method Based on Neural Network
Authors: Jun-ting Lin , Hai-bin Wang , Hua-dian Liang , Xiao-qin Min 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Collision Risk Index is used as the criteria for measuring collision occurrence. This paper introduces Collision Risk Index into the field of rail transit after analyzing the rationality and feasibility to analyze the collision problems in the train operation process. By establishing train running position models to analyze the problems of rear-end collision and side impact in the two states. Basing on the truly driving data about train 681of Beijing Metro Line 5, the relative position distance between the front and rear cars, the running speed of the front and rear cars, the safe distance of the train as the main inputs, the Collision Risk Index is defined as the output with the collision time of 20s. Back Propagation, Elman, Radial Basis Function neural network models are established in MATLAB, for simulation training and compare the performance between these models. The simulation results show that: The fastest training speed of RBF neural network is 4 seconds, and the minimum MSE is 0.0016; therefore, the model established by training can be used to evaluate the train collision risk index and provide early warning information in time, which could provide a reference for the collision avoidance strategy in the field of rail transit.
Traffic flow interaction mechanism and Facility design at signalized intersections
Authors: HeKun  , Yuan Zhenzhou 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In China’s urban traffic, mixed traffic is a basic feature. Especially at urban intersections, the phenomenon of non-mixed traffic is more serious. At many intersections in our country, due to the different characteristics of traffic flow, there are various interactions between motor vehicle traffic flow and non-motor vehicle traffic flow. This paper analyzes the interaction principle between motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles at intersections. It is found that the expansion characteristics of non-motor vehicles at intersections have a certain influence on the straight-going non-motor vehicles, and the interference degree is defined as an index to measure the influence of non-motor vehicle on motor vehicle. Finally the paper proposes corresponding solutions to improve the safety and operation efficiency of intersections.
Preparation Process and Early Working Performance of Inorganic Polymer-based Fast-hardening Concrete
Authors: Wei Xia , Jinyu Xu , Gaojie Liu , Yingjie Yuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
For the purpose of delving deep into the preparation process and early working performance of inorganic cementitious composite material, and analyzing its application prospect in pavement emergency repair, the slag, fly ash and silica fume are used as solid cementitious materials, and sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate are used as alkali-activators to prepare inorganic polymer-based fast-hardening concrete (IPFC). The early working performance of the specimens with different contents of slag, fly ash and silica fume were compared and analyzed. The results show that, all the kinds of concrete mixtures have good fluidity, cohesiveness and water retentiveness. The addition of fly ash and silica fume can prolong the initial setting time of concrete, and the higher the content, the longer the extension time. And the slump of the mixture is inhibited by the addition of fly ash. When the content of fly ash is 15%, the slump of the mixture decreases by 19.2%. However, silica fume can improve the slump of the mixture. When the content of silica fume is 15%, the slump of the mixture increases by 19.1%.
Study on the choice of transportation mode in Zheng-Jiao Transportation Corridor
Authors: Yang Ting , Zhang Danyi , Guo Jingwei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In order to study travelers’ choice of different travel modes, quantitative analysis of travelers’ travel behavior preferences can effectively choose the most effective way to travel. Based on the influencing factors of travel mode, the safety index, economic index, speediness index and convenience index of the choice of travel mode are proposed. According to the principle of utility maximization, the multiple Logit model is used to calculate the sharing rate of each travel mode in the transportation channel. Taking the transportation passage from Zhengzhou to Jiaozuo as an example, this paper makes an empirical analysis to study the traveler’s choice of intercity bus and intercity railway.
Research on Multi-objective Shared Parking Matching Decision Based on Two-side Matching
Authors: Fuqiang Jia , Yinzhen Li , Changxi Ma , Cunjie Dai 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to find a reasonable method for matching shared parking spaces. The travelers and the parking space sharing party are regarded as two separate subjects, and the matching of parking spaces is regarded as a two-side matching. The final parking space matching result belongs to the stable matching of the bipartite graph and the existence of Nash equilibrium is proved by the knowledge of graph theory. A multi-objective decision-making model for shared parking space matching based on two-side matching is established on the basis of considering the benefits of travelers and parking providers. The multi-objective model is transformed into a single-objective assignment model using weighting coefficients with adjustment parameters, and the corresponding solution algorithm is designed. Finally, an example is used to verify the rationality and feasibility of the established model. The results show that the parking space matching problem under sharing conditions belongs to the category of two-side matching. When the benefits of both parties are fully considered, the matching results obtained are relatively stable.
Biohybrid generators based on living plants and artificial leaves: influence of leaf motion and real wind outdoor energy harvesting
Authors: Meder Fabian , Armiento Serena , Naselli Giovanna Adele , Thielen Marc , Speck Thomas , Mazzolai Barbara 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Plants translate wind energy into leaf fluttering and branch motion by reversible tissue deformation. Simultaneously, the outermost structure of the plant, i.e. the dielectric cuticula, and the inner ion-conductive tissue can be used to convert mechanical vibration energy, such as that produced during fluttering in the wind, into electricity by surface contact electrification and electrostatic induction. Constraining a tailored artificial leaf to a plant leaf can enhance oscillations and transient mechanical contacts and thereby increase the electricity outcome. We have studied the effects of wind-induced mechanical interactions between the leaf of a plant (Rhododendron) and a flexible silicone elastomer-based artificial leaf fixed at the petiole on power output and whether performance can be further tuned by altering the vibrational behavior of the artificial leaf. The latter is achieved by modifying a concentrated mass at the tip of the artificial leaf and observing plant-generated current and voltage signals under air flow. In this configuration, the plant-hybrid wind-energy converters can directly power light-emitting diodes and a temperature sensor. Detailed output analysis has revealed that, under all conditions, an increase in wind speed leads to nearly linearly increased voltages and currents. Accordingly, the cumulative sum energy reaches its highest values at the highest wind speed and resulting oscillations of the plant-artificial leaf system. The mass at the tip can, in most cases, be used to increase the voltage amplitude and frequency. Nevertheless, this behavior was found to depend on the individual configuration of the system, such as the leaf morphology. Analysis of these factors under controlled conditions is crucial for optimizing systems meant to operate in unstructured outdoor scenarios. We have established, in a first approach, that the artificial leaf-plant hybrid generator is capable of autonomously generating electricity outdoors under real outdoor wind conditions, even at a low average wind speed of only 1.9 m s−1.
Time- and ensemble-average statistical mechanics of the Gaussian network model
Authors: Lapolla Alessio , Vossel Maximilian , Godec Aljaž 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present analytical results for a set of time- and ensemble-averaged physical observables in the non-Hookean Gaussian network model (GNM)—a generalization of the Rouse model to elastic networks with links that display a certain degree of extensional and rotational stiffness. We focus on a set of coarse-grained observables that may be of interest in the analysis of GNM in the context of internal motions in proteins and mechanical frames in contact with a heat bath. A C++ computer code is made available that implements all analytical results.
Novel Si/SiGe fin on insulator fabrication on bulk-Si substrate
Authors: Li Yongliang , Zhao Fei , Liu Haoyan , Cheng Xiaohong , Zan Ying , Li Junjie , Luo Jun , Wang Wenwu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, novel Si/SiGe fin on insulator (FOI) structure fabrication on bulk-Si substrate is systematically explored. A notched Si/SiGe fin etching is first achieved by using a novel three-step etching after a high-quality of SiGe layer epitaxially grown is realized on a Si substrate by optimizing the epitaxial process. To fabricate the Si/SiGe FOI structure, isolation of upper Si/SiGe fin above the notch is investigated by a direct rapid thermal anneal (RTA) oxidation scheme, spike anneal post SiGe fin reveal scheme, and SiN spacer protection scheme. It is found that all these three schemes can achieve the upper Si/SiGe isolation at the notch location, but the direct RTA oxidation scheme suffers the issue of serious oxidation of SiGe fin because SiGe is more easily oxidized than Si in O2 ambient. Furthermore, compared with the direct oxidation scheme, the spike anneal post SiGe fin reveal scheme can attain an obvious better SiGe fin profile. However, there is still a minor lateral loss of SiGe fin caused by the oxidation of SiGe fin due to the residual O2 in N2 ambient. The SiN film covering the revealed SiGe fin before spike anneal treatment may be an effective solution to avoid the oxidation of SiGe fin. Meanwhile, SiN spacer protection scheme by employing a SiN spacer post the step-I etching of the three-step etching can realize the Si/SiGe FOI structure and protect the upper SiGe fin from oxidation during the low-temperature RTA oxidation process. Therefore, using the SiN film or spacer to protect SiGe from oxidation is a necessary way to fabricate the Si/SiGe FOI structure. Meanwhile, the SiN spacer protection scheme with a relative low temperature RTA isolation oxidation is a prefer choice compared with the spike anneal post SiGe fin reveal scheme.
Complex formation of sodium-mercury alloy at molten state
Authors: Panthi N , Bhandari I B , Koirala I 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Thermodynamic properties of compound forming binary liquid sodium-mercury alloy at temperature 673 K have been analyzed as a function of concentration by considering

NaHg

2

complex using quasi chemical approximation. The surface tension of the alloy has been studied by the compound formation model, Butler equation as improved by Kaptay, and Statistical mechanical approach. The mixing behavior of the alloy is studied in detail with more emphasis on the interaction energy parameters between neighboring atoms of the alloy. The study provides the information of moderately interacting as well as ordering nature on the entire range of concentration of the liquid alloy and the computed theoretical thermodynamic data are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data at 673 K. The surface tension of the alloy computed predicts deviation from the ideal case.
Ingestible devices for long-term gastrointestinal residency: a review
Authors: Mau Musharrat Mustaree , Sarker Sunandita , Terry Benjamin S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ingestible devices have been gaining attention from the medical community due to their noninvasive use in diagnostics and treatment of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, their passive locomotion limits their GI residency period. Ingestible sensors residing in the GI tract are capable of providing continuous data, while long-acting ingestible drug delivery systems can reduce medication nonadherence. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art, long-term ingestible devices (LTIDs). Additionally, this review summarizes the current status of ingestible devices that persist in the GI tract for a prolonged period, as well as their inhabitance mechanisms and applications. Also included are relevant information about the GI structure and design considerations for understanding the significance and challenges associated with LTIDs. Finally, we discuss several potential applications of the LTIDs for therapeutic intervention in the GI tract and monitoring the physiology and pathophysiology of the GI tract for an extended period.
GESLM algorithm for detecting causal SNPs in GWAS with multiple phenotypes
Authors: Lyu Ruiqi , Sun Jianle , Xu Dong , Jiang Qianxue , Wei Chaochun , Zhang Yue 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
With the development of genome-wide association studies, how to gain information from a large scale of data has become an issue of common concern, since traditional methods are not fully developed to solve problems such as identifying loci-to-loci interactions (also known as epistasis). Previous epistatic studies mainly focused on local information with a single outcome (phenotype), while in this paper, we developed a two-stage global search algorithm, Greedy Equivalence Search with Local Modification (GESLM), to implement a global search of directed acyclic graph in order to identify genome-wide epistatic interactions with multiple outcome variables (phenotypes) in a case–control design. GESLM integrates the advantages of score-based methods and constraint-based methods to learn the phenotype-related Bayesian network and is powerful and robust to find the interaction structures that display both genetic associations with phenotypes and gene interactions. We compared GESLM with some common phenotype-related loci detecting methods in simulation studies. The results showed that our method improved the accuracy and efficiency compared with others, especially in an unbalanced case–control study. Besides, its application on the UK Biobank dataset suggested that our algorithm has great performance when handling genome-wide association data with more than one phenotype.