bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bias-correcting carbon fluxes derived from land-surface satellite data for retrospective and near-real-time assimilation systems
Authors: Weir Brad , Ott Lesley E. , Collatz George J. , Kawa Stephan R. , Poulter Benjamin , Chatterjee Abhishek , Oda Tomohiro , Pawson Steven 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The ability to monitor and understand natural and anthropogenic variability in
atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is a growing need of many stakeholders across the world. Systems that assimilate satellite observations, given their
short latency and dense spatial coverage, into high-resolution global models are valuable, if not essential, tools for addressing this need. A notable drawback of modern assimilation systems is the long latency of many vital input datasets; for example, inventories, in situ measurements, and reprocessed remote-sensing data can trail the current date by months to years. This paper describes techniques for bias-correcting surface fluxes derived from satellite
observations of the Earth's surface to be consistent with constraints from
inventories and in situ CO2 datasets. The techniques are applicable in both short-term forecasts and retrospective simulations, thus taking advantage of the coverage and short latency of satellite data while reproducing the major features of long-term inventory and in situ records. Our approach begins with
a standard collection of diagnostic fluxes which incorporate a variety of
remote-sensing driver data, viz. vegetation indices, fire radiative power, and nighttime lights. We then apply an empirical sink so that global budgets of the diagnostic fluxes match given atmospheric and oceanic growth rates for each year. This step removes coherent, systematic flux errors that produce biases in CO2 which mask the signals an assimilation system hopes to capture. Depending on the simulation mode, the empirical sink uses different choices of atmospheric growth rates: estimates based on observations in retrospective mode
and projections based on seasonal forecasts of sea surface temperature in
forecasting mode. The retrospective fluxes, when used in simulations with
NASA's Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS), reproduce marine boundary layer
measurements with comparable skill to those using fluxes from a modern
inversion system. The forecasted fluxes show promising accuracy in their
application to the analysis of changes in the carbon cycle as they occur.
Constraining stochastic 3-D structural geological models with topology information using approximate Bayesian computation in GemPy 2.1
Authors: Schaaf Alexander , de la Varga Miguel , Wellmann Florian , Bond Clare E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Structural geomodeling is a key technology for the visualization and
quantification of subsurface systems. Given the limited data and the resulting
necessity for geological interpretation to construct these geomodels,
uncertainty is pervasive and traditionally unquantified. Probabilistic
geomodeling allows for the simulation of uncertainties by automatically
constructing geomodel ensembles from perturbed input data sampled from
probability distributions. But random sampling of input parameters can lead to
construction of geomodels that are unrealistic, either due to modeling artifacts
or by not matching known information about the regional geology of the modeled
system. We present a method to incorporate geological information in the
form of known geomodel topology into stochastic simulations to constrain
resulting probabilistic geomodel ensembles using the open-source geomodeling
software GemPy. Simulated geomodel realizations are checked against topology
information using an approximate Bayesian computation approach to avoid the
specification of a likelihood function. We demonstrate how we can infer the
posterior distributions of the model parameters using topology information in two
experiments: (1) a synthetic geomodel using a rejection sampling scheme
(ABC-REJ) to demonstrate the approach and (2) a geomodel of a subset of the
Gullfaks field in the North Sea comparing both rejection sampling and a
sequential Monte Carlo sampler (ABC-SMC). Possible improvements to processing
speed of up to 10.1 times are discussed, focusing on the use of more advanced
sampling techniques to avoid the simulation of unfeasible geomodels in the first
place. Results demonstrate the feasibility of using topology graphs as a summary
statistic to restrict the generation of geomodel ensembles with known
geological information and to obtain improved ensembles of probable geomodels
which respect the known topology information and exhibit reduced uncertainty
using stochastic simulation methods.
Formation of ribbed bedforms below shear margins and lobes of palaeo-ice streams
Authors: Vérité Jean , Ravier Édouard , Bourgeois Olivier , Pochat Stéphane , Lelandais Thomas , Mourgues Régis , Clark Christopher D. , Bessin Paul , Peigné David , Atkinson Nigel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Conceptual ice stream land systems derived from geomorphological and
sedimentological observations provide constraints on
ice–meltwater–till–bedrock interactions on palaeo-ice stream beds. Within
these land systems, the spatial distribution and formation processes of
ribbed bedforms remain unclear. We explore the conditions under which these
bedforms may develop and their spatial organization with (i) an experimental
model that reproduces the dynamics of ice streams and subglacial land systems
and (ii) an analysis of the distribution of ribbed bedforms on selected
examples of palaeo-ice stream beds of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. We find that
a specific kind of ribbed bedform can develop subglacially through soft-bed
deformation, where the ice flow undergoes lateral or longitudinal velocity
gradients and the ice–bed interface is unlubricated; oblique ribbed bedforms
develop beneath lateral shear margins, whereas transverse ribbed bedforms
develop below frontal lobes. We infer that (i) ribbed bedforms strike
orthogonally to the compressing axis of the horizontal strain ellipse of the
ice surface and (ii) their development reveals distinctive types of
subglacial drainage patterns: linked cavities below lateral shear margins
and efficient meltwater channels below frontal lobes. These ribbed bedforms
may act as convenient geomorphic markers to reconstruct lateral and frontal
margins, constrain ice flow dynamics, and infer meltwater drainage
characteristics of palaeo-ice streams.
Measuring the Brussels Effect through Access Requests: Has the European General Data Protection Regulation Influenced the Data Protection Rights of Canadian Citizens?
Authors: Mahieu René , Asghari Hadi , Parsons Christopher , van Hoboken Joris , Crete-Nishihata Masashi , Hilts Andrew , Anstis Siena 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigate empirically whether the introduction of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) improved compliance with data protection rights of people who are not formally protected under GDPR. By measuring compliance with the right of access for European Union (EU) and Canadian residents, we find that this is indeed the case. We argue this is likely caused by the Brussels Effect, a mechanism whereby policy diffuses primarily through market mechanisms. We suggest that a willingness to back up its rules with strong enforcement, as it did with the introduction of the GDPR, was the primary driver in allowing the EU to unilaterally affect companies' global behavior.
Efektifitas Asuhan Keperawatan Dengan Terapi Aroma Lavender Dalam Mengatasi Insomnia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sei Panas Batam
Authors: Arini Larasuci 
Published: June 2021

Program kesehatan di semua kalangan usia, salah satu adalah program untuk lansia ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan UHH (usia harapan hidup) pada lansia yaitu mengupayakan agar para lansia menikmati masa tua bahagia dan berguna, memfokuskan pada upaya promotif dan preventif, adanya peran serta aktif dan partisipasi lintas sektor, puskesmas sebagai kunci utama dalam pergerakan masyarakat di harapkan melakukan upaya pro aktif berkerja sama dengan tokoh masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan lansia. Insomnia adalah gangguan tidur yang sering dikeluhkan lansia yang ditandai dengan kesulitan untuk tidur dan mempertahankan tidur. Insomnia pada lansia disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu dari faktor status kesehatan, penggunaan obat-obatan, kondisi lingkungan, stres psikologis, diet/nutrisi, gaya hidup pada usia lanjut. Aromaterapi merupakan salah satu terapi komplementer yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi insomnia. Aromaterapi memiliki efek menenangkan atau rileks untuk beberapa gangguan misalnya mengurangi kecemasan, ketegangan dan insomnia. Tujuan pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan ini adalah agar lansia dapat mengatasi insomnia yang dialami secara non farmakologis menggunakan aroma terapi lavender. Metode dari penelitian ini adalah studi kasus yang menggunakan asuhan keperawatan meliputi pengkajian, diagnosa, intervensi, implementasi dan evaluasi. Hasil dari pemberian asuhan keperawatan ini adalah dengan pemberian terapi aroma lavender selama 30 menit, pasien merasa rileks saat akan tidur, sehingga dianggap mampu mengatasi insomnia. Berdasarkan hasil pemberian asuhan ini aroma terapi lavender merupakan salah satu terapi non farmakologis yang dianggap efektif untuk mengatasi insomnia pada lansia. Pada penelitian ini diharapkan pada keluarga dan masyarakat menggunakan terapi aroma terapi sebgai alternatif mengatasi insomnia.
Health Status of Bank Employees in Belagavi City of Karnataka– A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Pavithra R  , Ramya V  
Published: June 2021

Background: Recent decades have witnessed tremendous advancements in health and survival throughout the world. The major risk factors of non communicable diseases attributed to mortality are well prevalent among bank employees, affecting across all social and income groups. Hence this specific occupational group of bank employees who represent the subset of population at risk to develop chronic diseases and stress related adverse health effects was selected for the study. The objective of the study was to assess the health status of bank employees and to know lifestyle factors affecting the health of bank employees.
Methodology: The study was conducted among 410 bank employees from the banks which were selected using random number technique in Belgaum district. The data on socio demographic variables, risk factors, physical measurement were done followed by estimation of Haemoglobin and Random blood sugar.
Results: In this study, 72.7% of the subjects had three or more risk factors for non communicable diseases. The prevalence of Anaemia in this study was 34.15%. Prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was 32.9% and 17.32% respectively.
Conclusions: Majority of the bank employees were apparently healthy and most of them were having work related risk factors.
The Role of Biologics in the Management of Asthma in the Pediatric Patient
Authors: Morris Taylor S. , Autry Elizabeth B. , Kuhn Robert J. 
Published: June 2021

The management of pediatric patients with asthma continues to be a major health issue. For many patients, traditional therapies have been very effective, but for a large number of patients asthma remains poorly controlled. This leads to significant morbidity and impairment to quality of life. Recently, several new biologics, as well as new dosage forms of combination inhaled drugs, have been made available for use adding to the armamentarium of therapy for specific asthma phenotypes.
Biologics have shown promise in the more difficult to manage asthma patient. Approved in children, omalizumab, an anti–immunoglobulin E (anti-IgE) antibody, has been available for several years. New agents, like mepolizumab and benralizumab, directed against interleukin (IL) 5, have indications for children &gt;6 and &gt;12 years of age, respectively. Dupilumab, an IL-4– and IL-13–directed antibody, has been studied as well in eosinophilic asthma, with positive results. A thorough understanding of the clinical data of these agents is key, as they may greatly improve the quality of life in children with difficult-to-manage asthma.
A Pilot Evaluation of the Possible Association of Metronidazole With Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Premature Neonates
Authors: Weller Brandi M. , Shaddix Brittany Powers , Oschman Alexandra , Johnson Peter N. , Neely Stephen B. , Chaaban Hala , Williams Patricia K. , Miller Jamie 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE
Metronidazole is recommended as a first-line treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates. Metronidazole-associated neurotoxicity has been reported, but long-term neurodevelopmental effects in neonates have not been explored. The primary objective was to evaluate the relationship of cumulative metronidazole dose with each Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) composite score in neonates with NEC. Secondary objectives included comparison of seizure rates, mean Bayley-III scores, and neurodevelopmental impairment defined as 2 of 3 Bayley-III composite scores ≤ 79 or 1 score ≤ 70 between the metronidazole exposed and non-exposed groups

METHODS
This multisite, retrospective cohort study compared infants with a birth weight &lt; 1500 grams between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2016, who developed stage 2 or greater NEC or spontaneous intestinal perforation and were followed up at a developmental clinic visit at approximately 1 year of age. Patients were excluded if admitted &gt;72 hours of life, had congenital neurodevelopmental anomalies, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, grade III or IV intraventricular hemorrhage, or seizures prior to treatment of NEC. Included patients were stratified into 2 groups based on metronidazole exposure versus no metronidazole. Data were assessed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, using SAS 9.4.

RESULTS
Forty-one patients were included. Seven patients received metronidazole and 34 patients were in the non-metronidazole group. The only statistical difference noted between groups was for gestational age, with the non-exposed group being more premature. There was no statistical difference in Bayley-III scores, seizure rates, or neurodevelopmental impairment between groups.

CONCLUSION
No differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes were found between those with and without metronidazole exposure. Further studies are needed to validate our results.
Most Second-Generation Antipsychotic Prescriptions in Community Practice Are Neither FDA-Approved nor Within Prescribing Guideline Recommendations
Authors: Singhal Sorabh , Kloosterman Casey , Billian Joseph , Bailey Teresa , Soares Neelkamal 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE
Second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) prescription use has become increasingly prevalent in the pediatric population, despite metabolic adverse effects. A significant number of SGA medications are prescribed for indications that are not approved by the FDA. This study aimed to quantify clinician adherence to the FDA and professional society indication, age, and dosing guidelines when prescribing SGA medications for pediatric patients.

METHODS
We used electronic health record data from 3 health care systems. We analyzed outpatient encounters where a pediatric patient was prescribed an SGA during an 18-month time frame. Clinician prescribing patterns were compared to a therapeutic regimen table created using professional society guidelines and FDA medication labels.

RESULTS
Most of the encounters listed an indication that was not documented as a recommended use (84.3%). Most prescriptions aligned with the generalized dose guidelines (93.8%) and age guidelines (94.9%). Clinicians were more likely to follow indication guidelines when prescribing risperidone, the highest adherence medication, compared with quetiapine, the lowest adherence medication (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1–6.0). Compared with prescriptions for younger children, clinicians were more likely to follow indication guidelines for children aged 13 to 15 years (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.1–7.2) and 16 to 18 years (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.2–8.1).

CONCLUSION
Community clinicians overall demonstrated a low level of adherence to indication guidelines when prescribing SGA medications to pediatric populations, while maintaining higher adherence to age and dosing guidelines. Older children were more likely to receive an SGA prescription for recommended indications compared with younger children.
Comparison of Neonatal Outcomes With and Without Prophylaxis With Indomethacin in Premature Neonates
Authors: Pan Ingrid , Shah Pooja A. , Singh Jaideep , Kelly Kelly Nelson , Bondi Deborah S. 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVEHistorically, prophylactic indomethacin (pINDO) has been used in some institutions for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in extremely low birthweight neonates while other institutions have used it as prophylaxis for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of IVH and PDA with or without pINDO in premature neonates.METHODSThis was a retrospective, single-center study comparing neonatal outcomes in neonates weighing 1250 grams or less who received pINDO (pINDO group) to those who did not (No pINDO group) after our institution discontinued its routine use.RESULTSA total of 399 infants were included for analysis (pINDO, n = 141; No pINDO, n = 258). No difference was found between pINDO and No pINDO groups in incidence of any IVH (18% vs 14%, respectively) or severe IVH (7% vs 3%, respectively) when adjusting for gestational age and antenatal corticosteroids. Although the incidence of moderate-to-large PDA was lower in the pINDO group (13% vs 23%, respectively, adjusted p = 0.002), there was no significant difference for PDA requiring surgery (4% vs 3%, respectively). Results demonstrated a higher incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the pINDO group (55% vs 41%, respectively, adjusted p = 0.014).CONCLUSIONNo difference in the incidence of IVH, severe IVH, or PDA requiring surgery was observed between groups, whereas an increase in BPD was seen with use of pINDO. These data support our institutional practice change to discontinue routine use of pINDO in premature neonates. Further research is needed to guide clinical practice.
El litigio clímático ante la responsabilidad intergeneracional
Authors: De Armenteras Cabot Marcos 
Published: June 2021

El carácter intergeneracional del litigio climático plantea un interés sobre la protección jurídica de las generaciones futuras. La preocupación intergeneracional no es novedosa en el Derecho, sin embargo, debido al ascendiente número de litigios climáticos presentados por jóvenes en nombre propio y en el de las generaciones futuras para demandar mayor ambición climática han incorporado nuevas formas de observar este fenómeno. En esta contribución se lleva a cabo un estudio sobre sus implicaciones, la relevancia que puede tener el reconocimiento en normas internacionales e internas de los vínculos intergeneracionales, y cómo, a través del litigio climático, es posible vislumbrar nuevas formas de incorporar los vínculos intergeneracionales en la toma de decisiones. En este análisis se estudiarán dos sentencias recientes que pueden iluminar este proceso: (1) Generaciones Futuras c. Ministerio del Ambiente (Colombia) y (2) Neubauer y otros c. Alemania (Alemania).
Nasarre Aznar, Sergio. La gran apuesta. Avaricia. El beneficio sin responsabilidad. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch [Colección Cine y Derecho], 2021.
Authors: Galiana-Saura Ángeles 
Published: June 2021

Reseña a: Nasarre Aznar, Sergio. La gran apuesta. Avaricia. El beneficio sin responsabilidad. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch [Colección Cine y Derecho], 2021.
Significações de viver com depressão na velhice
Authors: Pfutzenreuter Katia Carreira , Duarte Itala Villaça , Celebrone Regina Celia 
Published: June 2021

Este artigo objetiva analisar os sentidos atribuídos à vivência da depressão por idosos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, exploratória, descritiva, do tipo transversal e de abordagem qualitativa. Para a caracterização dos participantes foi utilizado um questionário sociodemográfico e para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a Entrevista Narrativa de Doença - McGill Illness Narrative Interview (MINI), entrevista semiestruturada, traduzida, adaptada e validada para o Brasil. Foram analisadas 8 narrativas segundo a metodologia Análise de Conteúdo (Bardin, 2011), e foram sistematizadas as seguintes categorias: (I) A depressão atrelada aos sentidos sociais, agrupando as narrativas que apontam o estigma deste adoecimento psíquico, sendo principalmente relacionando com a loucura; (II) Sentimentos vinculados a depressão e suas repercussões nos laços sociais, incluindo falas sobre a irritabilidade, desânimo e inibição, e necessidade do reconhecimento do outro em relação ao seu sofrimento; e (III) Depressão associada às perdas e lutos de uma vida, havendo associação entre a depressão na velhice como um acúmulo sucessivas perdas familiares. Considera-se que o sujeito idoso acometido pela depressão necessita ser escutado, considerando as possibilidades de ressignificar lutos e histórias de vida, para tanto a importância de um amparo subjetivo e social.
Effect of Natural Fermentation Period on Nutritional, Anti Nutritional, I Total Phenols, Flavonoids and Antioxidant Contents of Finger Millet Flour
Authors: Abioye V. F. , Adejuyitan J. A. , Adeoye A. O. , Gbadegesin I. O. 
Published: June 2021

Aims: This study determined the changes in the chemical and nutritional composition of naturally fermented finger millet studied at ambient temperature (28±2°C) for 72 h.
Study Designs: Finger millet seeds were cleaned and fermented (72 h; 28±2°C). Samples were taken at 24 h interval and dried at 50°C for 48 h.
Methodology: The fermented finger millet samples were analyzed for microbial, biochemical changes, chemical, proximate and mineral composition.
Results: Biochemical changes showed a drop in pH from 6.74 to 6.04 while titratable acidity (lactic acid equivalent) increased from 0.04 to 0.62% after 72 h. The moisture, protein, ash, fat, fibre and carbohydrate were in the ranges of 7.08-9.449%; 5.31-7.274%; 1.10-3.392%, 1.296-2.47%, 1.154-2.46% and 77.44-81.58%, respectively. Significant increase were observed in the mineral composition with phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sodium, and iron identified in the fermented finger millet flour in the ranges of 93.5-176 mg/100 g; 171-247.5 mg/100 g; 87.04-196.5 mg/100 g; 1.30-3.075 mg/100 g and 5.28-11.95 mg/100 g, respectively. Tannin, oxalate, phytate and trypsin were in the ranges of 1.537 to 3.23 mg/100 g; 0.875 to 1.59 mg/100 g; 0.195 to 0.85 mg/100 g. and 2.731 to 6.23 mg/100 g, respectively. The total phenols and total flavonoids ranged between 11.605-40.29 mg/ 100 g and 63.36 -172.872 mg/100g while the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of the flour samples ranged between 28.109 and 68.238 mg/ml. Microorganisms identified were Bacillus cereus, Lactobacillus Plantarum, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus brevis. This study shows that fermentation decreased the anti-nutrients, increased the proximate and minerals contents and also improved the anti-oxidative properties of finger millet flour.