bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Management of Pediatric Inguinal Hernia: A Systematic Review and Guideline from the European Pediatric Surgeons' Association Evidence and Guideline Committee
Authors: Morini Francesco , Dreuning Kelly M.A. , Janssen Lok Maarten J.H. , Wester Tomas , Derikx Joep P.M. , Friedmacher Florian , Miyake Hiromu , Zhu Haitao , Pio Luca , Lacher Martin , Sgró Stefania , Zani Augusto , Eaton Simon , van Heurn L.W. Ernest , Pierro Agostino 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction Inguinal hernia repair represents the most common operation in childhood; however, consensus about the optimal management is lacking. Hence, recommendations for clinical practice are needed. This study assesses the available evidence and compiles recommendations on pediatric inguinal hernia.
Materials and Methods The European Pediatric Surgeons' Association Evidence and Guideline Committee addressed six questions on pediatric inguinal hernia repair with the following topics: (1) open versus laparoscopic repair, (2) extraperitoneal versus transperitoneal repair, (3) contralateral exploration, (4) surgical timing, (5) anesthesia technique in preterm infants, and (6) operation urgency in girls with irreducible ovarian hernia. Systematic literature searches were performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase (Ovid), and The Cochrane Library. Reviews and meta-analyses were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement.
Results Seventy-two out of 5,173 articles were included, 27 in the meta-analyses. Laparoscopic repair shortens bilateral operation time compared with open repair. In preterm infants, hernia repair after neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)/hospital discharge is associated with less respiratory difficulties and recurrences, regional anesthesia is associated with a decrease of postoperative apnea and pain. The review regarding operation urgency for irreducible ovarian hernia gained insufficient evidence of low quality.
Conclusion Laparoscopic repair may be beneficial for children with bilateral hernia and preterm infants may benefit using regional anesthesia and postponing surgery. However, no definite superiority was found and available evidence was of moderate-to-low quality. Evidence for other topics was less conclusive. For the optimal management of inguinal hernia repair, a tailored approach is recommended taking into account the local facilities, resources, and expertise of the medical team involved.
Cellular Senescence in Liver Disease and Regeneration
Authors: Ferreira-Gonzalez Sofia , Rodrigo-Torres Daniel , Gadd Victoria L. , Forbes Stuart J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest implemented by the cell as a result of stressful insults. Characterized by phenotypic alterations, including secretome changes and genomic instability, senescence is capable of exerting both detrimental and beneficial processes. Accumulating evidence has shown that cellular senescence plays a relevant role in the occurrence and development of liver disease, as a mechanism to contain damage and promote regeneration, but also characterizing the onset and correlating with the extent of damage. The evidence of senescent mechanisms acting on the cell populations of the liver will be described including the role of markers to detect cellular senescence. Overall, this review intends to summarize the role of senescence in liver homeostasis, injury, disease, and regeneration.
Infantile Isolated Absence of Right Pulmonary Artery with an Absent Stump and No Collaterals
Authors: Patil Sumant , Ghoshbag Sayantan , Pillay Usha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUnilateral absence of pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a rare entity. Diagnosis is often incidental based on echocardiography (ECHO)/computed tomography (CT) findings done for a cardiac evaluation or recurrent pulmonary pathology not responding to conventional treatment. Childhood-onset symptoms are often rare, and most of these cases are reported in adulthood or postpuberty. Here, we present a 5-month-old child with an isolated absence of right pulmonary artery without even an arterial stump or collaterals. Treatment options depend on the severity of symptoms and anatomy of the abnormal vessels, and in some cases, patients get better, if not completely well with the available medical and surgical treatments.
Effect of Piperine in Combination with Gamma Radiation on A549 Cells
Authors: Shaheer Koniyan , Lakshmanan M. Divya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Lung cancer is a major constrain that increases mortality globally. Radiotherapy is one of the treatment modalities against lung cancer. A high dose of targeted radiation is required to achieve the treatment efficacy of cell killing. After radiotherapy, eventual tumor progression and therapy resistance are still a consequence of patient who undertakes nonsurgical radiation therapy. Piperine, a plant alkaloid, has been known to enhance the action of the anticancer drugs in various drug-resistant cancer cells. The aim of the current in vitro study was to study the effect of piperine on radiosensitizing property against A549 cells.
Methods In vitro radiosensitizing activity of piperine was elucidated on A549 cells using MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-25-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. CompuSyn analysis was used to compute the combination index values to analyze the combinatory effect of piperine and radiation
Results and Conclusion We observed that piperine increased tumor cell killing in combination with the γ-radiation in vitro. However, further studies are warranted to understand the molecular mechanism of the radiosensitizing action of piperine.
Item Analysis of Multiple-Choice Questions in Pharmacology in an Indian Medical School
Authors: Adiga Manoor Narasimha Sachidananda , Acharya Swathi , Holla Rajendra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroduction Student assessment by multiple-choice questions (MCQs) is an integral part of student evaluation in medicine. The medical teacher should be trained to construct an item with proper stem and valid options. Periodic item analyses will make the process of assessment more meaningful. Hence, we conducted the study to analyze MCQs (item analysis) tested on a batch of MBBS students in pharmacology in their three internal assessment examinations.Methods The study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology of a medical college in Mangaluru on 150 students. The MCQs of the three internal assessment examinations (20 each) respectively were analyzed. We analyzed each question for difficulty index (DI), discrimination index (DsI), and distracter efficacy or functionality and expressed the percentage results.Results The DI was in an acceptable range of 60, 75, and 90%, respectively, in the three internal assessments. The percentage of “too difficult” questions was 10, 20, and 10% and the average DsI was 0.32 ± 0.04, 0.28 ± 0.02, and 0.26 ± 0.02, respectively. In the second and third internal assessments, 95% of questions had functional distracters, while in the first internal assessment, only 60% of questions had functional distracters.Conclusion We conclude from our study that even though the items (MCQs) framed for the internal assessments were in the acceptable range of quality in terms of the parameters assessed, we must improve MCQ’s construction in selecting distracters in some topics.
The Use of an Inanimate Simulation Model for the Correction of an Anorectal Malformation in the Training of Colorectal Pediatric Surgery
Authors: Joosten Maja , Bökkerink Guus M. J. , Levitt Marc A. , Diefenbach Karen A. , Reck Carlos A. , Krois Wilfried , de Blaauw Ivo , Botden Sanne M.B.I. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction An anorectal malformation (ARM) is a congenital malformation that requires surgical correction. To acquire the skills needed to perform this complex procedure, an affordable simulation model has previously been developed and validated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the suitability of this ARM model (with perineal fistula) for training in hands-on workshops.
Materials and Methods The ARM model consists of a wooden casing with disposable perineal body. Participants in several international pediatric colorectal hands-on workshops in 2019 and 2020 were asked to participate. They were divided in a target group and an experienced group based on experience. All practiced the posterior sagittal anorectoplasty procedure on the model with multimodality guidance. Subsequently, statements on the suitability of the model for use during hands-on workshops were scored on a 5-point Likert scale.
Results A total of 80 participants were included (43 surgical specialists, 13 pediatric surgery fellows, and 25 residents). Nearly, all statements scored at least a mean of >4.0, all scored significantly better than a neutral opinion. The target group (n = 58) scored higher compared with the experienced group (n = 22) on “transferability of the skills to the clinical setting” (means 4.4 vs. 4.0, p = 0.038); however, the “suitability as a replacement for an animal model” scored significantly lower (means 3.6 vs. 3.9, p = 0.049). No other differences were found.
Conclusion This affordable ARM model was regarded a suitable model for training during preclinical hands-on workshops and could be used for the specified steps of the procedure.
Applying the Rasch model to analyze the effectiveness of education reform in order to decrease computer science students’ dropout
Authors: Takács Rita , Kárász Judit T. , Takács Szabolcs , Horváth Zoltán , Oláh Attila 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAttrition is an important issue in higher education, especially in the field of computer science (CS). Here, we investigate to what extent an education reform affects the attrition of students by analyzing the pattern of grades of CS students’ academic achievement from 2010 to 2018 by IRT, based on Rasch-model analysis. We analyze data from 3673 undergraduate students of a large public university. In 2016 an education reform—as an intervention—was added to our BSc program: all theoretical lectures became compulsory to attend and we introduced a learning methodology course for all first-year students. According to our results, after the education reform most subjects became accomplishable, and students with lower levels of ability also tried to take exams. We succeeded in retaining 28% of our students. Analyzing students’ results could help administrators develop new programs in order to increase retention.
Functional rarity and evenness are key facets of biodiversity to boost multifunctionality
Authors: Le Bagousse-Pinguet Yoann , Gross Nicolas , Saiz Hugo , Maestre Fernando T. , Ruiz Sonia , Dacal Marina , Asensio Sergio , Ochoa Victoria , Gozalo Beatriz , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. , Deschamps Lucas , García Carlos , Maire Vincent , Milla Rubén , Salinas Norma , Wang Juntao , Singh Brajesh K. , García-Palacios Pablo 
Published: February 2021

SignificanceIdentifying species assemblages that boost the provision of multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously (multifunctionality) is crucial to undertake effective restoration actions aiming at simultaneously promoting biodiversity and high multifunctionality in a changing world. By disentangling the effect of multiple traits on multifunctionality in a litter decomposition experiment, we show that it is possible to identify the assemblages that boost multifunctionality across multiple species mixtures originating from six biomes. We found that higher evenness among dissimilar species and the functional attributes of rare species as key biodiversity attributes to enhance multifunctionality and to reduce the abundance of plant pathogens. Our study identifies those species assemblages needed to simultaneously maximize multifunctionality and limit plant disease risks in natural and managed ecosystems.
“Join the Army. Become the Power of China”
Authors: Sun Yi , Zhang Mi , Chen Lang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMilitary recruitment advertising, as a type of authoritative political video advertisement, demonstrates a country’s military culture. This paper will provide a brand-new perspective in researching Chinese military culture from the approach of multimodal metaphor. Currently, a multimodal analysis of military recruitment advertising in terms of short video clips does not exist, and most of the existing multimodal studies have focused on Western mainstream media, whereas media with Chinese characteristics have remained mostly untouched by research. WithForceville and Urios-Aparisi’s (2009)Multimodal Metaphor Theory (MMT) as a theoretical basis, and the newly-released recruitment advertising “The Power of China” as the research object, this paper utilizes the MIPVU and ELAN image tagging software to identify and analyze the multimodal metaphors in “The Power of China” under the framework of MMT.
Future attractors of Bianchi types II and V cosmologies with massless Vlasov matter
Authors: Barzegar Hamed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
It is shown that the generalized Collins–Stewart radiation and Milne solutions are attractors of the massless Einstein–Vlasov system for Bianchi types II and V spacetimes, respectively. The proof is based on an energy method and bootstrap argument which are used to determine the decay rates of the perturbations away from the attractors.
Adhesion of Flk1-expressing cells under shear flow in phospholipid polymer-coated immunoaffinity channels
Authors: Otaka Akihisa , Mahara Atsushi , Ishihara Kazuhiko , Yamaoka Tetsuji 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Label-free cell separation is a promising method in the field of stem-cell research to obtain desired cell populations. Here, we report on phospholipid polymer-coated microfluidic channels with immobilized antibodies as devices for the capture of cells expressing target antigens in a label-free manner. We fabricated a microfluidic channel containing immobilized antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (Flk1), a potential marker for cardiac, angiogenic, and hematopoietic cell regeneration. A series of investigations was carried out to elucidate the effect of the immobilized antibodies on the adhesion behavior of the Flk1-expressing cell subpopulation derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Increasing the immobilized antibody density (0.18–5.0 × 109 ligands mm−2) led to an increased number of cells adhering to the channel. The antibody-immobilized polymer-coated surface suppressed nonspecific cell adhesion, which was swept away by a weak shear flow, and captured Flk1-expressing cells under a wall shear stress of 1.7 Pa. Flk1 expression was 2.8-fold higher in the cells that adhered than in those that did not adhere. Therefore, an optimal antibody density and sweeping flow are required for effective label-free separation of Flk1-positive cells.
Extremely large linear magnetoresistance in antimony crystal
Authors: Dasoundhi Mukesh Kumar , Rajput Indu , Kumar Devendra , Lakhani Archana 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this article, we report the observation of extremely large non-saturating linear magnetoresistance (MR) in antimony (Sb) crystal. An extremely large magnetoresistance of 43 000% at 2 K and large unsaturating MR ∼70% at room temperature is observed at the magnetic field of 9 T. Hall measurements reveal a very high mobility ∼3.8 × 104 cm2 V s−1 of charge carriers and strong temperature dependence of carrier concentration and mobility. The respective scaling of MR and crossover field (B

c
) from quadratic to linear MR with mobility and inverse of mobility describes the classical origin of large linear MR in this crystal as suggested by Parish and Littlewood model for disordered systems.
A counter-current flow micro-packed-bed DBD plasmatron for the synthesis of a methylated cobaloxime
Authors: Liu Yukun , Sabio Jasmine C , Hartman Ryan L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An atmospheric, dielectric-barrier discharge µ-plasmatron was designed, fabricated, and applied to synthesize a methylated organometallic complex. The design comprises counter-current flow to packed-bed microstructures to facilitate gas–liquid and plasma–liquid mixing. Micropillars arranged in a staggered configuration served as a porous media for the optimum 2D mixing of components that replenish plasma-liquid interfaces. Longitudinal dispersion was characterized through residence time distribution (RTD) measurements. The experimental RTD data were then described by an axial dispersion model with a time delay parameter. Levenspiel number (lv) indicating the intensity of axial dispersion was estimated in the range of 20.1–374, indicating that a dispersion model should be accounted for in plasma-assisted reaction kinetics development. Stable plasma excitation of methane-helium gas mixtures was observed within the 2D porous media, by in-situ optical emission spectra, while applying an alternating high voltage across the dielectric barrier. This novel technique made it possible to confirm in-situ formations of methyl radicals. Interestingly, the porous media served as a static mixer as no discrete plasma streamers were observed. To investigate its utility, an example homogeneous cobalt catalyst was injected into the µ-plasmatron and methylated. Our findings potentially introduce a new plasma-assisted reactor design and methodology for the synthesis of methylated cobaloxime.
Temperature and band gap dependence of GaAsBi p-i-n diode current–voltage behaviour
Authors: Richards R D , Harun F , Nawawi M R M , Liu Y , Rockett T B O , David J P R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The dark current characteristics of two series of bulk GaAsBi p-i-n diodes are analysed as functions of temperature and band gap. Each temperature dependent measurement indicates that recombination current dominates in these devices. The band gap dependence of the dark currents is also consistent with recombination dominated current for the devices grown at a common growth temperature, indicating that the presence of Bi does not directly adversely affect the dark currents. However, the devices grown at different growth temperatures exhibit a faster increase in dark current with decreasing device band gap, suggesting that a reduced growth temperature causes a reduction in minority carrier lifetime.
Multicritical points in a model for 5f-electron systems under pressure and magnetic field
Authors: Faúndez Julián , Magalhães S G , Calegari E J , Riseborough P S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We investigate the evolution of multicritical points under pressure and magnetic field in a model described by two 5f bands (called α and β) that hybridize with a single itinerant conduction band. The interaction is given by the direct Coulomb and the Hund’s rule exchange terms. Three types of orderings are considered: two conventional spin density waves (SDWs) and an exotic SDW, i.e., with no magnetic moment formation. The conventional SDWs phases, are characterized by

m

f

β

>

m

f

α

and

m

f

α

>

m

f

β

, respectively, where

m

f

α

and

m

f

β

are the intraband staggered magnetizations. The exotic SDW, which has time reversal symmetry, is described by a purely imaginary order parameter. This phase is related to a band mixing given by the spin-flip part of the Hund’s rule exchange interaction. As result, without magnetic field, the phase diagrams of temperature (T) versus pressure (given by the variation of the bandwidth (W)) shows a sequence of phase transitions involving the three phases which gives rise to multicritical points. The presence of the magnetic field (h

z
) has drastic effects on part of the phase diagram and the location of the multicritical points.
A first-principles study on the electronic property and magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic CrOF and CrOCl monolayers
Authors: Xu Chunyan , Zhang Jing , Guo Zexuan , Zhang Siqi , Yuan Xiaoxi , Wang Lingrui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional ferromagnetic materials with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) hold great potential in realizing low critical switching current, high thermal stability and high density nonvolatile storage in magnetic random-access memories. Our first-principles calculations reveal that CrOF and CrOCl monolayers (MLs) are two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic semiconductors with out-of-plane magnetic easy axis, and PMAs of CrOF and CrOCl MLs are mainly contributed by Cr atoms. The magnetic anisotropy of CrOF and CrOCl MLs can be controlled and enhanced by applying biaxial strain. Tensile strain can further enhance PMAs of CrOF and CrOCl MLs by 82.9% and 161.0% higher than those of unstrained systems, respectively. In addition, appropriate compressive strain can switch the magnetic easy axis of CrOF and CrOCl MLs from out-of-plane direction to in-plane direction. The semiconductor natures of CrOF and CrOCl MLs robust against biaxial strain, the band gaps of these systems under biaxial strain are in the range of 1.26 eV to 2.40 eV. By applying biaxial strain, the Curie temperatures of CrOF and CrOCl MLs increase up to 282 K and 163 K, respectively. These tunable properties suggest that CrOF and CrOCl MLs have great application potentials for magnetic data storage.
Temperature-dependent change of the electronic structure in the Kondo lattice system YbRh2Si2
Authors: Agustsson S Y , Chernov S V , Medjanik K , Babenkov S , Fedchenko O , Vasilyev D , Schlueter C , Gloskovskii A , Matveyev Yu , Kliemt K , Krellner C , Demsar J , Schönhense G , Elmers H-J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The heavy-fermion behavior in intermetallic compounds manifests itself in a quenching of local magnetic moments by developing Kondo spin-singlet many-body states combined with a drastic increase of the effective mass of conduction electrons, which occurs below the lattice Kondo temperature T
K. This behavior is caused by interactions between the strongly localized 4f electrons and itinerant electrons. A controversially discussed question in this context is how the localized electronic states contribute to the Fermi surface upon changing the temperature. One expects that hybridization between the local moments and the itinerant electrons leads to a transition from a small Fermi surface in a non-coherent regime at high temperatures to a large Fermi surface once the coherent Kondo lattice regime is realized below T
K. We demonstrate, using hard x-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy that the electronic structure of the prototypical heavy fermion compound YbRh2Si2 changes with temperature between 100 and 200 K, i.e. far above the Kondo temperature, T
K = 25 K, of this system. Our results suggest a transition from a small to a large Fermi surface with decreasing temperature. This result is inconsistent with the prediction of the dynamical mean-field periodic Anderson model and supports the idea of an independent energy scale governing the change of band dispersion.
High-field phase diagram of Ni3V2O8 studied by specific heat and magnetocaloric effect measurements
Authors: Dong C , Kohama Y , He Z Z , Han X T , Sato K , Matsuo A , Kindo K , Yang M , Wang J F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The H–T phase diagram of Ni3V2O8 is very rich and remains puzzling in a high magnetic field range. Through the state-of-the-art specific heat measurement in pulsed high field to 35 T and magnetocaloric effect measurement up to 45 T, we successfully construct the high-field phase diagram of Ni3V2O8 for fields applied along the b axis. The phase boundaries are corrected for previous results by magnetization and magneto-optical measurements. The resulting phase diagram shows that the high temperature incommensurate (HTI) phase develops well to high fields and low temperatures. In addition to the early reported C′, C, low temperature incommensurate (LTI) and HTI phases, we explore a new magnetic ordered phase called HF1 in fields of 10–30 T. A multicritical point is also observed at 6 K and 8 T. Furthermore, the specific heat data reveal enhancements of the anomalies at ∼4 K, probably associated with a strong spin–lattice coupling in this frustrated multiferroic material.