bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different pH levels medium effects in IAA production of phylloplane bacterium Serratia plymuthica strain UBCF_13
Authors: Wandira T A , Aisyah S N , Oktavioni M , Fatiah R , Jamsari J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Indole-3-acetic acid [IAA] is the main source of auxin in plants that plays a major role in controlling various physiological processes. The ability of bacterium in IAA biosynthesis depends on several environmental factors, usually triggered by acidic stresses. This study was aimed to optimize the IAA production by phylloplane bacterium Serratiaplymuthica strain UBCF_13 with various pH levels. Optimization was carried out by using 0.2% L-Tryptophan in Luria Bertani[LB] media with various pH levels namely pH 4.0; 4.5; 5.0; 5.5; 6.0; 6.5; 7.0 and 9.0. UBCF_13 showed the best IAA production at pH 6.0 and 0.2% L-Tryptophan exhibited IAA concentration in the amount of 24.13 ppm. The UBCF_13 extracellular protein profile analysis showed that at pH 6.0 induced L-Tryptophan 0.2% produced protein bands of 60.8 kDa and 45 kDa in size. These protein bands are assumed to be ipdC and nitrilase proteins which are involved in the IAA biosynthesis. The application of IAA was carried out using chili peppers [Capsicum annuum L.] germination of the Lotanbar genotype. The application was using supernatant produced from media of pH 6.0 and 0.2% L-Tryptophan. The results show that root and hypocotyl lengths were 4.10 cm and 2.90 cm, respectively. Meanwhile, root and hypocotyl lengths in the control sample only 2.78 cm and 1.88 cm. The results indicated that the IAA production of UBCF_13 can promote the growth of chili seedling. A further detailed study on the visualization of protein profiles at the optimum treatment needs to be done. Two-DimensionalElectrophoresis is recommended to be applied so that protein bands can be accurately separated to identify detailed proteins involved in the IAA biosynthesis.
Fruit picking time and fruit characteristics of the F2 population of local okra [Abelmoschus esculentus [L.] Moench] crosses with introduced variety
Authors: Hayati P K D , Mandwi M Y , Martinsyah R H , Sutoyo S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Okra attains its best fruit quality when the pods are still tender. The previous research reported that the crosses of the local okra, i.e. okra Merah and okra Hijau with introduced variety VE022 and B291 success to obtain plants with extended picking time. This research aimed to evaluate the fruit picking time and fruit characteristics of the F2 population and obtain the F2 genotypes that have a more extended fruit picking time. The research was conducted at the Research Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University. The materials used are seeds collected from selfed-pollination of ten crosses [F2 populations] and okra Merah and okra Hijau cultivar as a control. Data collected based on an individual observation, and then the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and unpaired t-test at a 5% significance level. Results showed that a particular plant from the F2 population has a more extended picking time of up to nine days after anthesis, indicating improved fruit quality characters, i.e. fruit length, fruit diameter, and fruit weight. Plants obtained with a longer fruit picking time of nine and eight days after anthesis are 14.4% and 67.0%, respectively. Selected plants, i.e. FOHVE022-8-13, SOMVE022-10-1, and FOHVE022-8-13 that consistently reveal a high number of fruits per plant, larger fruit size, and heavier fruit weight, need to be self-pollinated and evaluated in further research before releasing as a variety.
Predation of Phidippus sp [Araneae: Salticidae] on Nilaparvata lugens [Hemiptera: Delphacidae] at different densities
Authors: Syahrawati M , Hermanda A , Arneti A , Darnetty D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Phidippus sp. (Araneae: Salticidae) is often found in rice field and has potency as the natural enemy of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). The study aimed to know the predation of Phidippus sp on N. lugens in laboratory. The study used a Completely Randomized Design consisting of five treatments and five replications. The treatments were the difference of N. lugens densities of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50. Phidippus sp was collected from rice fields around Padang City, while N. lugens used was 2nd-3rd instar of nymphs reared in laboratory. The results showed that Phidippus sp has potency for controlling the BPH population. The predation tended to increase with increasing N. lugens density, but the percentage of predation and weight gain decreased. Phidippus sp was able to consume prey provided to a maximum of 96.0%. The increasing density shortened the time needed by Phidippus sp to find prey. The shortest time to find the first prey and the highest number of predation occurred at 50 individuals of N.lugens provided (1.99 minutes for 28.2 individuals preyed) but in lowest percentage of predation and weight gain (56.4% and 0.0004 g/day respectively). The functional response of Phidippus sp was logarithmic with a weak to strong correlation (r = 0.515).
Tofu and Tempeh, the Mostly Sources of Phytoestrogens in Minangkabau Premenopausal Women Ethnicity
Authors: Desmawati D , Fasrini U U , Lestari Y , Afriwardi A , Sulastri D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Phytoestrogens are estrogen-like substances that come from outside the body, especially from plants. Phytoestrogens can bind to estrogen receptors, causing estrogen-like effects. Consumption of phytoestrogens in premenopausal women may help estrogen function due to decreased production. This study aims to determine the source of phytoestrogens consumed by Minangkabau ethnic premenopausal women. This study used a cross-sectional design conducted on 127 premenopausal women in Padang City, West Sumatra. Data on the intake of source food ingredients were taken through guided interviews using a semiquantitative-food frequent questionnaire (SQ_FFQ). According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) guidelines, the amount of phytoestrogen intake is calculated manually. The study results show five groups of food ingredients containing phytoestrogens most consumed by premenopausal women of Minangkabau ethnicity. It were tofu (97.62 grams/day); fish (70.7 grams/day); oranges (35.36 grams/day); potatoes (34 grams/day), and tempeh (23.3 grams/day). Meanwhile, most food sources of phytoestrogens are tofu (containing 19.26 mg of phytoestrogens / day), tempeh (15.6 mg / day), pure soybean milk (0.04 mg / day) and fish (0.1 mg / day). It can be concluded that tofu and tempeh are food sources of phytoestrogens that are mostly consumed by premenopausal women of Minangkabau ethnicity in Padang City.
Implementation of cropping patterns for improving paddy planting index
Authors: Rusmawan Dede , Muzammil  , Ahmadi  , Wibawa dan Wahyu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The development of cropping patterns is very important to support the increase in the rice cropping index to increase production. Efforts to increase the rice cropping index are based on the availability of superfast varieties which can increase the rice cropping index in rainfed lowland and dry land. The study design was a randomized block design. This study was conducted with 2 cropping patterns, namely 1) paddy-paddy-paddy using Inpari 24, Inpari 31, and Inpari 34 varieties; and 2) paddy-peanut-paddy using Inpari 31 and Inpari 34 varieties, while the peanut variety used are Talam 2. The method of analysis of the results of the assessment is carried out with descriptive and explanative methods for the socio-economic aspects. While the technical aspects, the data collected will be analyzed using ANOVA analysis, and further testing is carried out using the LSD test at the 5% level. The results of the study show that the development of paddy-paddy-paddy and paddy-peanut-paddy cropping patterns can be carried out well if there is sufficient water availability. The use of paddy-paddy-paddy cropping patterns must be supported by the availability of early-age paddy seeds and sufficient water availability. The cropping pattern for paddy-peanut-paddy using peanut Talam 2 variety. Fromaneconomicaspect is more feasible than the paddy-paddy-paddy, but cropping pattern with a size of R / C 2.03. In terms of advantages, the paddy-paddy-paddy cropping pattern has a greater advantage than the paddy-peanut-paddycroppingpattern.
Genetic variability of Citrus spp. in Cibinong germplasm garden using random amplified polymorphic DNA
Authors: Anggraheni Y G D , Mulyaningsih E S , Priadi D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The preservation and protection of citrus plant germplasms can be done in-situ and ex-situ. Germplasm garden LIPI, Cibinong was built as a local fruit plant garden. The field management also carries out seed propagation and dissemination. This study aims to reveal the genetic diversity of citrus collections and used them as a database for plant breeding and protection activities. This research was conducted at the Agronomy Laboratory for Evaluation of Biotechnology Products-LIPI. Genetic analysis was performed using RAPD techniques, and the resulting data were processed using PowerMarkerver 3.25 and PASTver 3.25 programs. The results showed that seven genetic materials for citrus analyzed with 15 RAPD primers resulted in the mean number of alleles, frequency of main alleles, and heterozygosity are 7.33, 0.49, and 1, respectively. All primers had a PIC value > 0.5, meaning they had high information in fingerprinting research on citrus plant genetic diversity, with an average gene diversity of 0.71. Principal coordinates analysis [PCoA] and clustering obtained two groups with a 0.70 similarity coefficient. Garut and Siam Pontianak have the closest relationship [92% similarity]. On the other hand, the farthest genetic relationship is between Bali and Keprok Batu-55, with a similarity index value of 52%.
Growth dynamics of mold-yeast and bacteria during the production process of saga tauco [Adenanthera pavonina]
Authors: Amar A , Makosim S , Sukotjo S , Ahadiyanti N , Weisman E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sagabean as a plant protein source, Sagabean has not been used by society. Several studies regarding Sagabean being a food product have been initiated. Sagabean can be used as tauco. The study was to observe the growth dynamics of microbe in Sagabean tauco during the production process. The manufacturing of Sagabean tauco was the same as making of soybean tauco. It was soaking, boiling pealing, soaking overnight, followed by steaming, and inoculating with tempe starter. Saga tempe was crushed then mixed with glutinous rice flour that had been roasted. After drying, it was put in the brine solution for fermentation. The observation were total microbes, total yeast-mold, total lactic acids bacteria, total protein, total dissolved solids, total acid, pH value, and ash content. The aim of this research was to see the relationship between the presence of microorganisms and their metabolic processes during tauco production. The result showed that the total number of microbes had increased during the fermentation process until a certain period, then it was constant and decreased according to the growth curve of microorganisms in general. For yeast and molds being relatively fluctuating and tending to increase. This seemed to relate to the presence of halophilic microorganisms in the product. Regarding the pH of the product during fermentation, it had a relevant value, while the ash content experienced a fluctuating value. If it had been related to the presence of microorganisms, the metabolism of the existing microorganisms would have affected the chemical properties of the saga tauco.
The occurrence of Spodoptera frugiperda attack on maize in West Pasaman District, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Sari S P , Suliansyah I , Nelly N , Hamid H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Maize [Zea mays] is the third most important cereal crop in Asian countries after rice and wheat. In Indonesia, maize is the second food crop after rice. One of the main problems in corn cultivation is pests. Spodoptera frugiperda [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae] is the major pest of maize and polyphagous insect pest attacking more than 80 crops. This study aims to determine the occurrence of heavy by the S. frugiperda in West Pasaman District, West Sumatra. The research method used in this study was a survey or sampling. The results showed that there was a severe attack of a new invasive pest, S. frugiperda on maize crops in West Pasaman. The attack rate of S. frugiperda in West Pasaman District was classified as high, reaching 100.00% at the age of 40 days after planting. Maize was severely damaged in the early stages phase vegetative of maize [approximately 40 days after planting], with 100% of maize infested and each plant was occupied by one until two medium or large larvae. Its means, the vegetative phase is a phase that is vulnerable to the S. frugiperda attack of maize. The high intensity of S. frugiperda attacks is also caused by several factors, like variety, spacing, types of plants around maize fields, and when farmers used pest and disease control techniques. Even a severe attack can cause the maize to fail to grow. This new invasive pest can threaten maize production in Indonesia. Therefore, further research is needed regarding this new invasive pest, S. frugiperda.
Application of Trichoderma viridae with organic fertilizers as carrier for controlling Sclerotium rolfsii disease in chili
Authors: Nurbailis N , Martinius M , Liswarni Y 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Stem rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is the main disease in chili plants that is difficult to control. The objectives of this study were: 1] to obtain the type of organic fertilizer that can increase the population of T. viridae, 2] to determine its effectiveness in controlling S. rolfsii that causes stem rot disease, and 3] to improve the growth of chili plants. This study consisted of two stages, which were mass propagation of T. viridae in various organic fertilizers to increase its population before application to the rhizosphere of chili plants and the testing of the effectiveness of T. viridae to control stem rot and improve the growth of chili plants. The research was arranged in a Randomized Block Design consisting of four treatments with six replications within treatments. The treatments were various organic fertilizers, including cow manure, chicken manure, crop residue compost, and control. The variables observed were the population of T. viridae in each organic fertilizer after 15 days of incubation and the attack rate of chili stem rot [incubation period, disease severity, and plant growth]. The results showed that the crop residue compost was the best medium for increasing the density of T. viridae conidia and propagules. Crop residue compost was also the best in suppressing stem rot disease caused by S. rolfsii, as well as in increasing the growth of chili plants.
The Effects of Biochar and Manure on Some Soil Characteristics and Growth of Garlic [Allium Sativum L.] on Ultisols
Authors: Yulnafatmawita  , Zakir Z , Refdinal  , Farda E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ultisol is a soil type having high clay content and low OM, therefore it has limited aeration and drainage. Generally, the soil is not conducive for plant growth, especially for tuber crops. Organic matter is known as a soil ameliorant because it can improve soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties. Besides manure having widely used, another OM source is biochar which can stay for a long time in soil. This research was aimed to improve the soil properties of Ultisols and the growth of garlic [Allium sativum] by applying biochar and manure. The research was conducted using a pot trial with 9 treatments and 3 replications, the treatment units were allocated based on a completely randomized design [CRD]. The data have statistically analyzed the variance [F test] and then continued using HSD at a 5% level of significance. The results showed the highest soil moisture level was found on 6:2:2 and the highest level for OC was on 7:2:1 for soil:biochar: manure composition. The biochar and manure could improve soil moisture [by 37%] and organic carbon [by 564%] content of Ultisols compared to the control. However, crop height and leaf number of garlic were not yet affected by the ameliorants on the 6th week after planting.
Molecular diversity of Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (PepYLCV) Infecting Capsicum annuum in West Sumatra
Authors: Cania D , Nova B , Runifah T , Hidayati R , Anwar A , Jamsari J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In recent years, Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Disease (PepYLCD) is one of the most common diseases affecting chili cultivation in Indonesia, including West Sumatra. In 2019, Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (PepYLCV) damaged chili plants and have lost yields of up to 100%. The controlling of this PepYLCV that has been carried out so far is less effective because the virus often mutates. In 2019, PepYLCV damaged the chili crop and resulted in 100% yield loss. The controls that have been done so far are less effective, especially because the virus mutates frequently. Genome editing is one of the solutions to control the PepYLCV attacks. For that purpose, information of the genome sequence of the PepYLCV is necessary. This study was aimed to obtain the size of the PepYLCV-APWS genome and the differences in its genomic sequence characteristics with other PepYLCV isolates in West Sumatra. The results showed that PepYLCV has a genome size of 2743 bp. This PepYLCV-APWS isolate had molecular diversity with two other isolates from West Sumatra, PepYLCV TDWS and PepYLCV PSSWS respectively 91% and 92%.
In silico: Coat Protein of PepYLCV-APWS
Authors: Runifah T , Nova B , Tjong D H , Jamsari J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Diseases [PepYLCD] one of the most damaging diseases in pepper and chili caused by a geminivirus. The coat protein of geminivirus plays an important role in encapsidation of the virus genome and also as a transmission mediator. This research aimed to predict the 3D structure and binding site of coat protein pepper leaf curl virus isolate Alahan Panjang, West Sumatera [PepYLCV-APWS]. The prediction was using swiss-model and chimera software for protein modeling. Furthermore, this study will be helpful to understand the similarity and the molecular-interaction to develop robust resistant strategies against geminiviruses in the nearby future.
Induction of gene expression and chitinolytic activities of putative chitinase gene bacteria Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13
Authors: Rohinda R , Aisyah S N , Oktavioni M , Fatiah R , Jamsari J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The most dominant disease that causes low production of chili in Indonesia is anthracnose. Anthracnose disease is caused by the pathogenic fungi called Colletotrichum sp. The control of anthracnose disease can be done by using bio fungicides which can be developed from the class of enzymes that degrade pathogenic fungal cell walls. These enzymes are known as hydrolase enzymes, one of which is Chitinase. Chitinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of chitin polymer compounds in β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Chitin is a polymer compound that makes up the fungal cell wall. Chitinolytic bacteria can produce chitinase enzymes. S. plymuthica bacteria produce chitinase enzyme, one of which is putative chitinase [Chi_Put]. The purpose of this study was to express the Chi_Put gene from S. plymuthica UBCF_13 in pGEM-T Easy vector using Escherichia coli BL21 and to test the chitinolytic activity of Chi_Put in degrading chitin in-vitro. Chi_Put gene expression was induced by IPTG and in combination with Mg2+ and Cu2+ metal ions. The highest gene expression was marked by the thickest protein band on the SDS-PAGE visualization with a molecular weight of 47 kDa, namely in the treatment of expression induction with IPTG plus Mg2+ metal ion. The chitinolytic activity of Chi_Put UBCF_13 was tested using solid LB media containing 3% colloidal chitin. The longest clear zone diameter on the last day of observation was the expression induction treatment with Mg2+ with a length of 2.90 cm.
Searching for indigenous rhizobacteria from Solok Radjo coffee orchard at Aie Dingin, West Sumatera
Authors: Chaniago I , Resti Z , Yunita R , Harefa M N , Siregar S R A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The coffee plant has been cultivated for a hundred years and is known for its use as a beverage that is widely accepted around the globe. Most of the coffee orchard in Indonesia has been managed conventionally and need to be improved to get a better quality of growth and yield. This experiment was conducted from July to November 2020 and aimed at identifying rhizobacteria associated with coffee plant rhizosphere that later can be applied to stimulate the early growth of coffee seedlings. The soil sample was collected from the Solok Radjo coffee orchard [var. Sigagar Utang] of Nagari Aie Dingin, Alahan Panjang, Municipality of Solok, the Province of West Sumatera Four different conditions of coffee orchard were chosen for this experiment according to plant ages and soil fertility. They were 2-year-old and 6-year-old coffee plants with health and less healthy plant growth. One gram of soil was mixed with distilled water and was diluted prior to being cultured in Nutrient Agar media for 48 hours at ambient temperature. Bacterial colonies went through series of re-culture until pure isolate was obtained and were observed for their morphological and physiological characters. Most of the isolates responded negatively to a hypersensitive reaction test that brings about their potential to promote the growth of coffee plants. In contrast, phytotoxic activity was observed in 2 isolates of rhizobacteria collected from the 6-year-old coffee orchard with less healthy plant growth. This experiment found 46 isolates of rhizobacteria indigenous to coffee orchard var. Sigagar UtangFuture research needs to be directed to investigate the physiological characters of the rhizobacteria before application to the coffee plants.
Cloning and expression of Bacillus thuringiensis cry1B in Escherichia coli strain NiCo21
Authors: Nugroho S , Sembiring E R , Rachmat A , Koesharyoto W 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Bacillus thuringiensis produces crystal proteins, known as Cry proteins, that are toxic to certain target insects. The cry1B gene from B. thuringiensis was reported to be effective against the rice yellow stem borer [YSB, Scirpophaga incertulas]. The gene has been introduced into a Javanica rice cv Rojolele, by Agrobacterium mediated method, to improve its resistance against the Lepidopteran insect pest. To comply with the regulation for future release, food, and feed safety tests need to be performed, which involves characterization of the toxicity and allergenicity of the introduced Cry1B protein. In this experiment, the cry1B gene was cloned into pJ804:77539 expression vector to produce Cry1B protein under the pRHA promoter fused to a 6xHis tag to produce pJ804: cry1B. Expression of Cry1B protein was performed in Escherichia coli strain NiCo21 and was able to be detected by Western Blot using the anti-rabbit Cry1B polyclonal antibody and anti-His Detector. The results indicated that plasmid pJ804:cry1B expressed Cry1B in E. coli Nico21 and the system could be used to produce Cry1B protein for future studies.