bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (0, 4) AdS3 near-horizons in Type IIB
Authors: Faedo Federico , Lozano Yolanda , Petri Nicolò 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We construct new families of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 4) AdS3 × S2 × $$ {\tilde{S}}^2 $$

S
˜

2

× S1 backgrounds fibred over a 2d Riemann surface in Type IIB string theory. These solutions are obtained by extracting the near-horizon limit of D3-brane box configurations, consisting of D3-D5-NS5 branes ending on D5′-NS5′ background branes. We relate our families of solutions to previous AdS3 × S2 × CY2 and AdS3 × S3 × S2 solutions to Type IIA recently constructed in the literature. We construct explicit 2d quiver CFTs associated to the D3-brane box configurations, and check that the central charges match the holographic result. We extend our solutions to include D7-branes, and show that a subclass of these solutions can be interpreted in terms of D3-D5-NS5 defect branes embedded in a 5d fixed point theory. This is explicitly realised by linking our solutions to a 6d domain wall that asymptotes locally the AdS6 × S2 × Σ2 solution T-dual to the Brandhuber-Oz vacuum.
Heavy-flavor hadro-production with heavy-quark masses renormalized in the $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$, MSR and on-shell schemes
Authors: Garzelli M. V. , Kemmler L. , Moch S. , Zenaiev O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present predictions for heavy-quark production at the Large Hadron Collider making use of the $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

and MSR renormalization schemes for the heavy-quark mass as alternatives to the widely used on-shell renormalization scheme. We compute single and double differential distributions including QCD corrections at next-to-leading order and investigate the renormalization and factorization scale dependence as well as the perturbative convergence in these mass renormalization schemes. The implementation is based on publicly available programs, MCFM and xFitter, extending their capabilities. Our results are applied to extract the top-quark mass using measurements of the total and differential $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

production cross-sections and to investigate constraints on parton distribution functions, especially on the gluon distribution at low x values, from available LHC data on heavy-flavor hadro-production.
Nucleon momentum fraction, helicity and transversity from 2+1-flavor lattice QCD
Authors:   Nucleon Matrix Elements (NME) collaboration, Mondal Santanu , Gupta Rajan , Park Sungwoo , Yoon Boram , Bhattacharya Tanmoy , Joó Bálint , Winter Frank 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A detailed analysis of the systematic uncertainties in the calculation of the isovector momentum fraction, 〈x〉u − d, helicity moment, 〈x〉Δu − Δd, and the transversity moment, 〈x〉δu − δd, of the nucleon is presented using high-statistics data on seven ensembles of gauge configurations generated by the JLab/W&M/LANL/MIT collaborations using 2 + 1-flavors of dynamical Wilson-clover quarks. The much higher statistics have facilitated better control over all systematics compared to previous lattice calculations. The least understood systematic — excited-state contamination — is quantified by studying the variation of the results as a function of different estimates of the mass gap of the first excited state, obtained from two- and three-point correlation functions, and as a function of the pion mass Mπ. The final results are obtained using a simultaneous fit in the lattice spacing a, pion mass Mπ and the finite volume parameter MπL keeping leading order corrections. The data show no significant dependence on the lattice spacing and some evidence for finite-volume corrections. Our final results, in the $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

scheme at 2 GeV, are 〈x〉u − d = 0.155(17)(20), 〈x〉Δu − Δd = 0.183(14)(20) and 〈x〉δu − δd = 0.220(18)(20), where the first error is the overall analysis uncertainty assuming excited-state contributions have been removed, and the second is an additional systematic uncertainty due to possible residual excited-state contributions. These results are consistent with phenomenological global fit values.
Exact holographic RG flows in extended SUGRA
Authors: Anabalón A. , Astefanesei D. , Choque D. , Gallerati A. , Trigiante M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present a family of exact planar hairy neutral black hole solutions in extended supergravity with Fayet-Iliopoulos (FI) terms. We consider a model where the magnetic part of FI sector vanishes and obtain the superpotential at finite temperature in analytic form. Then, we discuss the thermodynamics and some holographic properties of these solutions. We regularize the action by two different methods, one with gravitational and scalar counterterms and the other using the thermal superpotential as a counterterm, and compute the holographic stress tensor. We also construct the c-function of the corresponding RG flow and obtain an exact holographic β-function for this model.
Entanglement entropy and the first law at third order for boosted black branes
Authors: Maulik Sabyasachi , Singh Harvendra 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Gauge/gravity duality relates an AdS black hole with uniform boost with a boosted strongly-coupled CFT at finite temperature. We study the perturbative change in holographic entanglement entropy for strip sub-region in such gravity solutions up to third order and try to formulate a first law of entanglement thermodynamics including higher order corrections. The first law receives important contribution from an entanglement chemical potential in presence of boost. We find that suitable modifications to the entanglement temperature and entanglement chemical potential are required to account for higher order corrections. The results can be extended to non-conformal cases and AdS plane wave background.
Post‐traumatic Splenic Injury Outcomes for Nonoperative and Operative Management: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gill Sabrina , Hoff John , Mila Ashley , Sanchez Carol , McKenney Mark , Elkbuli Adel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSplenectomies are widely performed, but there exists controversy regarding care for splenic injury patients. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of the literature over the last 20 years for operative management (OM) versus nonoperative management (NOM) versus splenic artery embolization (SAE) for traumatic splenic injuries and associated outcomes.MethodsA review of literature was performed following the PRISMA guidelines through a search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, JAMA Network, and SAGE journals from 2000 to 2020 regarding splenic injury in trauma patients and their management. Articles were then selected based on inclusion/exclusion criteria with GRADE criteria used on the included articles to assess quality.ResultsTwenty retrospective cohorts and one prospective cohort assessed patients who received OM versus NOM or SAE. Multiple studies indicated that NOM, in properly selected patients, provided better outcomes than its operative counterpart.ConclusionThis review provides additional evidence to support the NOM of splenic injuries for hemodynamically stable patients with benign abdomens as it accounts for consistently shorter hospital length of stay, fewer complications, and lower mortality than OM. For hemodynamically unstable patients, management continues to be intervention with surgery. More studies are needed to further investigate outcomes of post‐splenectomy patients based on grade of injury, hemodynamic status, type of procedure (i.e., SAE), and failure of NOM in order to provide additional evidence and improve outcomes for this patient population.
Parameterized Forward Operators for Simulation and Assimilation of Polarimetric Radar Data with Numerical Weather Predictions
Authors: Zhang Guifu , Gao Jidong , Du Muyun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany weather radar networks in the world have now provided polarimetric radar data (PRD) that have the potential to improve our understanding of cloud and precipitation microphysics, and numerical weather prediction (NWP). To realize this potential, an accurate and efficient set of polarimetric observation operators are needed to simulate and assimilate the PRD with an NWP model for an accurate analysis of the model state variables. For this purpose, a set of parameterized observation operators are developed to simulate and assimilate polarimetric radar data from NWP model-predicted hydrometeor mixing ratios and number concentrations of rain, snow, hail, and graupel. The polarimetric radar variables are calculated based on the T-matrix calculation of wave scattering and integrations of the scattering weighted by the particle size distribution. The calculated polarimetric variables are then fitted to simple functions of water content and volume-weighted mean diameter of the hydrometeor particle size distribution. The parameterized PRD operators are applied to an ideal case and a real case predicted by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to have simulated PRD, which are compared with existing operators and real observations to show their validity and applicability. The new PRD operators use less than one percent of the computing time of the old operators to complete the same simulations, making it efficient in PRD simulation and assimilation usage.
Challenges and opportunities of the COVID-19 pandemic for perinatal mental health care: a mixed-methods study of mental health care staff
Authors: Wilson C. A. , Dalton-Locke C. , Johnson S. , Simpson A. , Oram S. , Howard L. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore staff perceptions of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health service delivery and outcomes for women who were pregnant or in the first year after birth (‘perinatal’ women). Secondary analysis was undertaken of an online mixed-methods survey open to all mental health care staff in the UK involving 363 staff working with women in the perinatal period. Staff perceived the mental health of perinatal women to be particularly vulnerable to the impact of stressors associated with the pandemic such as social isolation (rated by 79.3% as relevant or extremely relevant; 288/363) and domestic violence and abuse (53.3%; 192/360). As a result of changes to mental health and other health and social care services, staff reported feeling less able to assess women, particularly their relationship with their baby (43.3%; 90/208), and to mobilise safeguarding procedures (29.4%; 62/211). While 42% of staff reported that some women engaged poorly with virtual appointments, they also found flexible remote consulting to be beneficial for some women and helped time management due to reductions in travel time. Delivery of perinatal care needs to be tailored to women’s needs; virtual appointments are perceived not to be appropriate for assessments but may be helpful for some women in subsequent interactions. Safeguarding and other risk assessment procedures must remain robust in spite of modifications made to service delivery during pandemics.
Digital twin modeling for predictive maintenance of gearboxes in floating offshore wind turbine drivetrains
Authors: Moghadam Farid K. , Rebouças Geraldo F. de S. , Nejad Amir R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a multi-degree of freedom torsional model of drivetrain system as the digital twin model for monitoring the remaining useful lifetime of the drivetrain components. An algorithm is proposed for the model identification, which receives the torsional response and estimated values of rotor and generator torques, and calculates the drivetrain dynamic properties, e.g. eigenvalues, and torsional model parameters. The applications of this model in prediction of gearbox remaining useful lifetime is discussed. The proposed method is computationally fast, and can be implemented by integrating with the current turbine control and monitoring system without a need for a new system and sensors installation. A test case, using 5 MW reference drivetrain, has been demonstrated.
Intermediate spaces, Gaussian probabilities and exponential tightness
Authors: Baldi Paolo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe prove the existence of an intermediate Banach space between the space where the Gaussian measure lives and its RKHS, thus extending what happens with Wiener measure, where the intermediate space can be chosen as a space of Hölder paths. From this result, it is very simple to deduce a result of exponential tightness for Gaussian probabilities.
The Impact of Immediate Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy on Patients' Healthcare Expenditures: A Stepped-Wedge Randomized Trial in Eswatini
Authors: Steinert Janina I. , Khan Shaukat , Mafara Emma , Wong Cebele , Mlambo Khudzie , Hettema Anita , Walsh Fiona J. , Lejeune Charlotte , Mazibuko Sikhathele , Okello Velephi , Ogbuoji Osondu , De Neve Jan-Walter , Vollmer Sebastian , Bärnighausen Till , Geldsetzer Pascal 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImmediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all people living with HIV has important health benefits but implications for the economic aspects of patients' lives are still largely unknown. This stepped-wedge cluster-randomized controlled trial aimed to determine the causal impact of immediate ART initiation on patients’ healthcare expenditures in Eswatini. Fourteen healthcare facilities were randomly assigned to transition at one of seven time points from the standard of care (ART eligibility below a CD4 count threshold) to the immediate ART for all intervention (EAAA). 2261 patients living with HIV were interviewed over the study period to capture their past-year out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures. In mixed-effects regression models, we found a 49% decrease (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.36, 0.72, p < 0.001) in past-year total healthcare expenditures in the EAAA group compared to the standard of care, and a 98% (RR 0.02, 95% CI 0.00, 0.02, p < 0.001) decrease in spending on private and traditional healthcare. Despite a higher frequency of HIV care visits for newly initiated ART patients, immediate ART initiation appears to have lowered patients’ healthcare expenditures because they sought less care from alternative healthcare providers. This study adds an important economic argument to the World Health Organization’s recommendation to abolish CD4-count-based eligibility thresholds for ART.
Angio-Based Fractional Flow Reserve, Functional Pattern of Coronary Artery Disease, and Prediction of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Result: a Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Biscaglia Simone , Uretsky Barry F. , Tebaldi Matteo , Erriquez Andrea , Brugaletta Salvatore , Cerrato Enrico , Quadri Giorgio , Spitaleri Giosafat , Colaiori Iginio , Di Girolamo Domenico , Scoccia Alessandra , Zucchetti Ottavio , D’Aniello Emanuele , Manfrini Marco , Pavasini Rita , Barbato Emanuele , Campo Gianluca 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Wire-based coronary physiology pullback performed before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) discriminates coronary artery disease (CAD) distribution and extent, and is able to predict functional PCI result. No research investigated if quantitative flow ratio (QFR)–based physiology assessment is able to provide similar information.

Methods
In 111 patients (120 vessels) treated with PCI, QFR was measured both before and after PCI. Pre-PCI QFR trace was used to discriminate functional patterns of CAD (focal, serial lesions, diffuse disease, combination). Functional CAD patterns were identified analyzing changes in the QFR virtual pullback trace (qualitative method) or after computation of the QFR virtual pullback index (QVPindex) (quantitative method). QVPindex calculation was based on the maximal QFR drop over 20 mm and the length of epicardial coronary segment with QFR most relevant drop. Then, the ability of the different functional patterns of CAD to predict post-PCI QFR value was tested.

Results
By qualitative method, 51 (43%), 20 (17%), 15 (12%), and 34 (28%) vessels were classified as focal, serial focal lesions, diffuse disease, and combination, respectively. QVPindex values >0.71 and ≤0.51 predicted focal and diffuse patterns, respectively. Suboptimal PCI result (post-PCI QFR value ≤0.89) was present in 22 (18%) vessels. Its occurrence differed across functional patterns of CAD (focal 8% vs. serial lesions 15% vs. diffuse disease 33% vs. combination 29%, p=0.03). Similarly, QVPindex was correlated with post-PCI QFR value (r=0.62, 95% CI 0.50–0.72).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that functional patterns of CAD based on pre-PCI QFR trace can predict the functional outcome after PCI.

Clinical Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02811796. Date of registration: June 23, 2016.
Dealing with Student Errors in Whole-Class Discussions of Biology Lessons at German Secondary Schools
Authors: von Kotzebue Lena , Förtsch Christian , Förtsch Sonja , Neuhaus Birgit J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDealing with student errors is a central feature of instructional quality. Teachers’ reactions to a student’s error and classmates’ errors can be crucial to the success of a lesson. A teacher should respond appropriately in terms of motivational and learning-related issues so that the error can become a learning opportunity for students. Currently, error situations have rarely been directly recorded and explored in empirical zstudies. This gap is the central focus of the current study in which we investigated errors in biology instruction within a cross-sectional design where biology lessons in German secondary schools were videotaped, teachers’ dealings with errors analyzed, and student achievement documented with pretests and posttests. The study found that constructively dealing with student errors had a significant positive effect on student achievement at the class level. Results confirmed the relevance of teachers’ appropriate dealing with student errors on learning in biology instruction.
Feasibility of peripheral OCT imaging using a novel integrated SLO ultra-widefield imaging swept-source OCT device
Authors: Sodhi Simrat K. , Golding John , Trimboli Carmelina , Choudhry Netan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To describe the feasibility of peripheral OCT imaging in retinal diseases using a novel full-field device.

Methods
A total of 134 consecutive eyes were referred and imaged on the Optos Silverstone swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) (Optos PLC; Dunfermline, UK). Scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) images and the associated SS-OCT images were obtained in the posterior pole, mid-periphery or far periphery based on the nature of the referral and on new areas of interest observed in the optomap images at the time of imaging.

Results
A total of 134 eyes (96 patients) were enrolled in the study. One hundred and twenty-five eyes (91 patients) with 38 retinal pathologies were prospectively assessed and 9 eyes (5 patients) were excluded due to incomplete image acquisition. The average age of the subjects was 54 years (range 21–92 years). Thirty-nine out of 125 eyes (31%) had macular pathologies. Eighty-six out of 125 eyes (69%) had peripheral only pathologies, an area which cannot be visualized by standard OCT devices with a 50 degree field-of-view.

Conclusions
The ability to capture peripheral pathologies using an integrated SLO-UWF imaging with full-field swept-source provided high-grade anatomical insight that confirmed the medical and surgical management in a majority of cases. Its use in the mid- and far periphery provides a holistic clinical picture, which can potentially aid in the understanding of various retinal pathologies.
Pharmaceuticals in the Soil and Plant Environment: a Review
Authors: Gworek Barbara , Kijeńska Marta , Wrzosek Justyna , Graniewska Magdalena 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPharmaceuticals are a class of biologically active compounds used in human and veterinary medicine, while some of them may be applied for feed production and plant growth stimulation. To systemise the knowledge on pharmaceuticals in plant and soil environment, a literature review was performed. Active substances of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites are typically released into the environment through agricultural application of wastewater and sewage biosolids containing pharmaceuticals, derived from wastewater discharged by households, hospitals and other medical facilities. Another, no less important, source of pharmaceutical release are natural fertilisers (manure and slurry). The fate and behaviour of pharmaceuticals in the soil, including their mobility and availability to plants, depends on the soil physical, chemical and biological properties as well as on the properties of the substance itself. Pharmaceuticals introduced into the soil are taken up and retained in various plant parts. In general, the highest accumulation coefficients have been found in vegetative plant parts, in the following decreasing order: roots> leaves> stems, while the lowest in generative parts, such as grains of cereals.
Internal Hernia After One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB): Lessons Learned from a Retrospective Series of 3368 Consecutive Patients Undergoing OAGB with a Biliopancreatic Limb of 150 cm
Authors: Petrucciani Niccolo , Martini Francesco , Kassir Radwan , Juglard Gildas , Hamid Celine , Boudrie Hubert , Van Haverbeke Olivier , Liagre Arnaud 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Internal hernia (IH) represents a relatively common and well-known complication after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. IH after one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is less frequent and rarely reported in the literature. This study presents a series of IH after OAGB observed in a high-volume bariatric center.

Methods
Data of patients who underwent OAGB with an afferent limb of 150 cm between May 2010 and September 2019 were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. Data of patients undergoing surgery for IH during follow-up were collected and analyzed.

Results
Ninety-six patients out of 3368 with a history of OAGB had intestinal incarceration in the Petersen’s orifice (2.8%). Specificity and sensitivity of computed tomography scans in the diagnosis of IH were 59% and 76%, respectively. The mean timeframe between OAGB and surgery for IH was 21.9±18.3 months. Mean body mass index at the time of IH surgery was 24.7 ± 3.6. Surgery was completed laparoscopically in 96.8% of cases. Nine patients (9.3%) had signs of bowel hypovascularization. In all patients, the herniated bowel was repositioned, and the Petersen’s orifice was closed, without the need for bowel resection. Mean hospital stay was 1.9 ± 4.8 days. The postoperative morbidity rate was 8.3%. Long-term IH relapse was observed in 14 patients; signs of bowel hypovascularization due to incarceration in a small orifice was observed in eight of these patients (57%).

Conclusions
Incidence of IH after OAGB is 2.8%. IH is associated with a low rate of bowel ischemia and the need for intestinal resection.
MicroRNAs and Their Roles in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis
Authors: Puppo Margherita , Valluru Manoj K. , Clézardin Philippe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBone metastasis occurs in advanced stages of breast cancer, worsening the quality of life and increasing the mortality of patients. Current treatments for bone metastasis are only palliative, and efficient therapeutic targets need to be still identified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression within cells. Interestingly, the expression of certain miRNAs has been associated with several stages of bone metastasis progression, highlighting the importance of these small RNAs during the course of the metastatic disease. In this review, we aim to summarise the most recent findings on miRNAs and their mRNA targets in driving breast cancer bone metastasis. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility to use miRNAs as direct therapeutic targets or as advanced therapies for breast cancer bone metastasis, as well as their potential as predictive biomarkers of bone metastasis for an early diagnosis and a better tailoring of therapies for cancer patients.