bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustained Annulus Pressure Diagnostics in Offshore Wells by Multisensory Spectral Acoustics
Authors: Shtun Sergei , Senkov Alexander , Abramenko Oleg , Rakitin Mickhail , Nagimov Vener , Trusov Alexander , Frolov Alexander 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The monitoring of sustainable annulus pressure (SAP) in offshore wells plays an important role in the development of an oil reservoir with a massive gas cap. The method of spectral noise logging and high-precision temperature logging used to identify SAP source presented in work (Shtun 2020) proved to be good in determining the intervals of gas movement, however, the method is limited in answers. The most significant limitation of the spectral noise logging method is associated with the impossibility based on power spectrum to distinguish the zones of gas flow in the annular space and gas inflow zones from reservoir contributing SAP. This information is critical for proper workover planning to eliminate SAP. This limitation relates to the fact that the amplitude and frequency of the resulting signal depend on not only the aperture of space fluid flow through and depend on the turbulence of the fluid flow. The paper describes a novel technology of multisensory passive acoustics of radial location that is designed to differentiate far and near acoustic sources in wells to accurately define the sources of SAP. The results of laboratory and field cases in offshore oil wells were presented in this paper as well as the comparison between single sensor spectral noise logging and multisensory passive acoustics of radial location answers was given at the end of the paper based on real case studies. As shown in the paper the described technology provides a more accurate determination of the source of SAP and the geometry of fluid movement in the near-wellbore zone.
Analytical Solution for Determining Fracture Attenuation
Authors: Rubailo Vadim Andreevich , Isakov Kirill Dmitrievich , Shirobokov Anton Vyacheslavovich 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This work is devoted to the analytical solution of the damping of the fracture of the hydraulic fracturing. A solution is obtained for changing the dimensionless conductivity of the crack due to a decrease in the conductivity of the proppant and its removal from the crack. The considered crack geometry corresponds to the Perkins-Kern analytical model, which allows us to take into account the change in the crack width depending on its length. To calculate the proppant conductivity, laboratory studies were used, the data of which were extrapolated in order to predict the destruction of proppant balls during the operation of a well with a fractured hydraulic fracturing.
Fracturing Experience of Tyumenskaya and Vikulovskaya Formations: Application of Novel Low-Viscosity Fracturing Fluids as an Alternative to Guar-Based Fluids
Authors: Loskutov Konstantin Yurievich , Sadretdinov Almaz Albertovich , Samoilov Michael Ivanovich , Emelyanov Dmitriy Vasilevich , Delyanov Yuri Aleksandrovich , Pavlova Svetlana Rafailievna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Tyumenskaya and Vikulovskya stratas are the major development objects for Rosneft subsidiary – RN- Nyaganneftegaz, characterized by close location of target zones to other layers, breakthrough in which is not desirable.
Thus, target zones of Tyumenskaya group of formations are located close to Abalakskaya strata, and Vikulovskaya group of formations is described by close location of the target hydraulic fracturing intervals to the water-saturated layers. Risks of multi-stage hydraulic fracturing are high due to the use of synthetic geological and geomechanical models and synthetic logging associated with different sections of horizontal wells.
The article presents the implementation experience of specifically developed technological solution in order to increase profitability of development and production of hydrocarbons and decrease the risks of ineffective stimulation: use of low-viscosity viscoelastic hydraulic fracturing fluids based on synthetic polymer- polyacrylamide with inherited ability to control fracture height growth without a need in significant reduction of proppant volume.
The work performed on development and introduction of novel low-viscosity fluids based on polyacrylamide on Vikulovskaya and Tyumenskaya formations - RN-Nyaganneftegaz development objects has become a new stage in the history of hydraulic fracturing of these formations, and as well as for other oilfields with similar geological structure and field development conditions. The gained experience formed a basis for the effective implementation of similar hydraulic fracturing fluid systems and increasing of well productivity following in the result of well stimulation.
Gelled Acid vs. Self-Diverting Systems for Carbonate Matrix Stimulation: an Experimental and Field Study
Authors: Evgenievich Folomeev Alexey , Azatovich Taipov Ildar , Rustemovich Khatmullin Arslan , Khanifovich Mukhametov Flus , Alexandrovich Vakhrushev Sergei , Kanafeevich Mingalishev Fidan , Filusovich Abrarov Vadim , Viktorovich Akimkin Alexandr 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The paper considers the choice of the optimal acid treatment technology using chemical flow divertion, for low-temperature heterogeneous and depleted carbonates, based on the analysis of field data, a complex of physico-chemical and core studies. To increase the efficiency of acid treatments of wells that operate the specified reservoir, two technologies of chemical flow divertion (using a gelled acid (GA) and a self-diverting acid (SDA) are considered in the paper.
It was revealed that during acid treatments using SDA a longer exposure time of the reagent in the bottom-hole zone (BHZ) of the well is required, as a result of which the planned efficiency for the conditions of the reservoir under consideration is not achieved. By means of core studies, a higher efficiency of using GA under considered conditions was confirmed. The results of physico-chemical and core studies were used to simulate acidizing and adapt treatment designs. Field study of the treatment technology of producing wells with the use of GA was carried out. According to the results of well logging, there is an increase in the working inflow intervals after treatment. The performed field studies confirmed the results of core studies, theoretical studies and physico-chemical surveys.
Complex Approach to Green Fields Development and Fracturing Strategy by the Example of Pilot on the Field by Name of Alexandra Zhagrina
Authors: Kazakov Evgeny Gennadievich , Gaynetdinov Ruslan Ramilevich , Churakov Artem Vladimirovich , Basyrov Ildar Shamilevich , Galysheva Anna Vladimirovna , Musin Roman Faritovich , Fayzullin Ildar Gayazovich , Chebykin Nikolay Vladimirovich , Uchuev Ruslan Pavlovich , Vikhman Ivan Sergeevich , Kamenskiy Andrey Valerevich , Kichigin Egor Nikolaevich 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The article describes an approach to creating, in conditions of limited input information, a strategy for performing the first hydraulic fracturing operations on deviated and horizontal wells in the A. Zhagrin field. The field is in the active phase of exploration, the planned count is mainly composed of horizontal wells with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. Approaches to the design of pilot works with control of the height of hydraulic fractures, which have proved their effectiveness by well logging studies and the obtained oil productivity, they have been successfully introduced into the technology of multistage hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wells. Due to the minimum number of reference wells, a significant area of the field (100 km2), the uncertainty of the distribution of water-saturated zones in the target and adjacent formations, the spread in the thickness of clay layers from 10 to 30 m, there is a risk of unwanted introduction of these interlayers by hydraulic fractures. The project team was able to assess the risks in terms of hydraulic fracturing, depending on the geological and physical characteristics (thickness of the target formation and clay layers, saturation) and in joint cross-functional work (with geological, geomechanical and hydrodynamic support) to implement hydraulic fracturing technologies that have confirmed their efficiency in oil production. To test hypotheses at the initial stage, various scenario conditions with a probabilistic assessment of uncertainties were selected at the deviated wells, as a result, the matrix of technological solutions was developed. In directional wells, the capabilities of technologies selected for pilot testing were confirmed using methods for diagnosing the height of hydraulic fracturing. The performed correction of stress profiles in a modern corporate hydraulic fracturing simulator increased the correctness of the 3D geomechanical model, which made it possible to optimize fracture geometry and horizontal wellbore drilling direction. Due to a thorough study of the conditions for the applicability of the considered hydraulic fracturing technologies, it was excluded the inclusion of water-saturated horizons without losing the effective half-length of hydraulic fractures. The workflow, during the implementation of which a matrix of solutions for successful well development was created, will ensure the achievement of planned oil production rates in the future for a field without rich field practice in hydraulic fracturing.
Case Studies of Re-Fracturing Achimov Reservoirs with High-Viscous Friction Reducer on Salym Group of Oilfields
Authors: Chaplygin Dmitry , Khamadaliev Damir , Sednev Alexey , Naimushin Dmitry 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
One of the main objectives for the successful development of the majority of producing oil and gas companies in western Siberia is the development of the Achimov strata. It contains a commercially attractive volume of reserves. This reservoir in most oilfields belongs to the hard-to-recover oil - it has a permeability of less than 2 mD. In this regard, the development of the Achimov strata is impossible without carrying out measures for production enhancement. Where most common is hydraulic fracturing.
The wells tests with hydraulic fracturing conducted at the Salym group of fields showed that not all reserves are economically attractive, and the decline rate in the first year is extremely high. In this connection, the needs of finding more effective solutions for the production enhancement has become urgent.
This article describes the results of pilot work on two wells using a mixture based on a high-viscosity friction reducer (HVFR) as the hydraulic fracturing fluid. The work was carried out at wells where hydraulic fracturing based on cross-linked gel had already been performed and the wells were launched into production.
The results of the work, the lessons learned and the analysis of the subsequent production of these wells is the purpose of this work.
Increasing the Productivity of Horizontal Wells Through Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing Using a Working Fluid Based on a New Biopolymer System
Authors: Migunov Nikolay Mikhaylovich , Alekseev Aleksey Dmitrievich , Bukharov Dinar Farvarovich , Kuznetsov Vadim Alexeevich , Milkov Aleksandr Yuryevich , Prodan Artem Sergeevich , Shevchuk Taras Nickolaevich , Shipilin Georgy Aleksandrovich 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
According to the US Energy Agency (EIA), Russia is the world leader in terms of the volume of technically recoverable "tight oil" resources (U.S. Department of Energy, 2013). To convert them into commercial production, it is necessary to create cost-effective development technologies. For this purpose, a strategy has been adopted, which is implemented at the state level and one of the key elements of which is the development of the high-tech service market. In 2017, the Minister of Energy of the Russian Federation, in accordance with a government executive order (Government Executive Order of the Russian Federation, 2014), awarded the Gazprom Neft project on the creation of a complex of domestic technologies and high-tech equipment for developing the Bazhenov formation with the national status. It is implemented in several directions and covers a wide range of technologies required for the horizontal wells drilling and stimulating flows from them using multi-stage hydraulic fracturing (MS HF) methods.
Within the framework of the technological experiment implemented at the Palyanovskaya area at the Krasnoleninskoye field by the Industrial Integration Center "Gazpromneft - Technological Partnerships" (a subsidiary of Gazprom Neft), from 2015 to 2020, 29 high-tech wells with different lengths of horizontal wellbore were constructed, and multistage hydraulic fracturing operations were performed with various designs. Upon results of 2020, it became possible to increase annual oil production from the Bazhenov formation by 78 % in comparison with up to 100,000 tons in 2019. The advancing of development technologies allowed the enterprise to decrease for more than twice the cost of the Bazhenov oil production from 30 thousand rubles per ton (69$/bbl) at the start of the project in 2015 to 13 thousand rubles (24$/bbl) in 2020.
A significant contribution to the increase in production in 2020 was made by horizontal wells, where MS HF operations were carried out using an experimental process fluid, which is based on the modified Si Bioxan biopolymer. This article is devoted to the background of this experiment and the analysis of its results.
Anakinra Treatment for Refractory Cerebral Autoinflammatory Responses
Authors: Jang Yoonhyuk , Lee Woo-Jin , Lee Han Sang , Chu Kon , Lee Sang Kun , Lee Soon-Tae 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundRefractory cerebral autoinflammatory-autoimmune diseases are often associated with dysregulated innate immunity, which are targeted by anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Here, we analyzed the therapeutic effect of anakinra in refractory cerebral autoinflammatory response (CAIR).MethodsWe analyzed single institutional patients treated with anakinra for CAIR from January 2017 to May 2021. Anakinra was sympathetically used for patients with intractable CAIR at 100 mg/day subcutaneously. A good response was defined as any improvement of the modified Rankin Scale, Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis, or Expanded Disability Status Scale.ResultsA total of twelve patients with various diagnostic etiologies were treated with anakinra (mean age=45.1; male=7). Four patients showed good responses, and eight patients had unclear responses. Among the good responders, 75% of the patients had pathologically demonstrated CAIR. The two very good responders had primary progressive multiple sclerosis and cerebral granulomatosis with polyangiitis in each, and microglia/macrophage infiltration was prominent in their brain biopsies. No patient had a serious adverse effect.ConclusionsAnakinra may be a therapeutic option for refractory cerebral autoinflammatory diseases with microglia and macrophage infiltrations.
Immobilized nuclide and leaching mechanism of zircon waste forms efficient synthesized by molten salt
Authors: Liu Jian , Zhang Shengtai , Wang Lingkun , Xu Baoliang , Zuo Xueli , Zhao Qian , Ding Yi , Duan Tao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Molten salt has rapid mass transfer and nucleation process, so it can synthesize ceramic solid solution of immobilized high-level radioactive waste at low temperature. The chemical stability in the process of interaction with groundwater determines the ability of matrix phase to prevent radionuclides from entering the biosphere and the release form of radionuclides. Nd-doped ZrSiO4 ceramics with different sintering temperature (1100-1500 ℃), sintering time (3-24 h) and molar ratio of salt to oxide (3:1, 7:1 and 10:1) were prepared by molten salt method. The sintered ceramic is Zr1−xNdxSiO4−x/2, where x is the solubility of Nd in ZrSiO4. The results show that the optimum molar ratio of molten salt to oxide is 10:1, which can quickly synthesize zircon waste form at low temperature. The chemical stability test shows that the normalized leaching rate of trivalent nuclides in zircon structure is in the order of ~10−5 g·m−1·d−1, and the surface layer is dissolved. The experimental results show that zircon structure is an excellent waste form.
Field Application of Nanoliposomes Delivered Quercetin by Inhibiting Specific hsp70 Gene Expression Against Plant Virus Disease
Authors: Wang Jie , Hao Kaiqiang , Yu Fangfei , Shen Lili , Wang Fenglong , Yang Jinguang , Su Chenyu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The annual economic loss caused by plant viruses exceeds 10 billion dollars due to the lack of ideal control measures. Quercetin is a flavonol compound that exerts a control effect on plant virus diseases, but its poor solubility and stability limit the control efficiency. Fortunately, the development of nanopesticides has led to new ideas. In this study, 117 nm quercetin nanoliposomes with excellent stability were prepared from biomaterials, and few surfactants and stabilizers were added to optimize the formula. Nbhsp70er-1 and Nbhsp70c-A were found to be the target genes of quercetin, through abiotic and biotic stress, and the nanoliposomes improved the inhibitory effect at the gene and protein levels by 33.6% and 42%, respectively. Finally, the results of field experiment showed that the control efficiency was 38% higher than that of the conventional quercetin formulation and higher than those of other antiviral agents. This research is the first to report the combination of biological antiviral agents and nanotechnology to control plant virus diseases, and it significantly improved the control efficiency and reduced the use of traditional chemical pesticides.
Association of Low Fasting C-Peptide Levels With Cardiovascular Risk, Visit-To-Visit Glucose Variation and Severe Hypoglycemia in The Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT)
Authors: Koska Juraj , Nuyujukian Daniel S. , Bahn Gideon , Zhou Jin J. , Reaven Peter D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aims
Low C-peptide levels, indicating beta-cell dysfunction, are associated with increased within-day glucose variation and hypoglycemia. In advanced type 2 diabetes, severe hypoglycemia and increased glucose variation predict cardiovascular (CVD) risk. The present study examined the association between C-peptide levels and CVD risk and whether it can be explained by visit-to-visit glucose variation and severe hypoglycemia.
Materials and Methods
Fasting C-peptide levels at baseline, composite CVD outcome, severe hypoglycemia, and visit-to-visit fasting glucose coefficient of variation (CV) and average real variability (ARV) were assessed in 1565 Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial participants.
Results
There was a U-shaped relationship between C-peptide and CVD risk with increased risk with declining levels in the low range (<0.50 nmol/l, HR 1.30 [95%CI 1.05-1.60], p=0.02) and with rising levels in the high range (>1.23 nmol/l, 1.27 [1.00-1.63], p=0.05). C-peptide levels were inversely associated with the risk of severe hypoglycemia (OR 0.68 [0.60-0.77]) and visit-to-visit glucose variation (CV, standardized beta-estimate -0.12 [SE 0.01]; ARV, -0.10 [0.01]) (p<0.0001 all). The association of low C-peptide levels with CVD risk was independent of cardiometabolic risk factors (1.48 [1.17-1.87, p=0.001) and remained associated with CVD when tested in the same model with severe hypoglycemia and glucose CV.
Conclusions
Low C-peptide levels were associated with increased CVD risk in advanced type 2 diabetes. The association was independent of increases in glucose variation or severe hypoglycemia. C-peptide levels may predict future glucose control patterns and CVD risk, and identify phenotypes influencing clinical decision making in advanced type 2 diabetes.
Designing a Serious Game (Above Water) for Stigma Reduction Surrounding Mental Health: Semistructured Interview Study With Expert Participants
Authors: Wehbe Rina R , Whaley Colin , Eskandari Yasaman , Suarez Ally , Nacke Lennart E , Hammer Jessica , Lank Edward 
Published: October 2021

Background
Although in many contexts unsuccessful games targeting learning, social interaction, or behavioral change have few downsides, when covering a sensitive domain such as mental health (MH), care must be taken to avoid harm and stigmatization of people who live with MH conditions. As a result, evaluation of the game to identify benefits and risks is crucial in understanding the game’s success; however, assessment of these apps is often compared with the nongame control condition, resulting in findings specifically regarding entertainment value and user preferences. Research exploring the design process, integrating field experts, and guidelines for designing a successful serious game for sensitive topics is limited.

Objective
The aim of this study is to understand which elements of game design can guide a designer when designing a game for sensitive topics.

Methods
To carefully probe the design space of serious games for MH, we present Above Water (AbW), a game targeting the reduction of stigma surrounding MH, now in its second iteration. The game, AbW, serves as a consistent research probe to solicit expert feedback. Experts were recruited from a range of topic domains related to MH and wellness, game design, and user experience.

Results
By using this deployment as a research probe, this study demonstrates how to synthesize gained insights from multiple expert perspectives and create actionable guidelines for successful design of serious games targeting sensitive topics.

Conclusions
Our work contributes to a better understanding of how to design specialized games to address sensitive topics. We present a set of guidelines for designing games for sensitive subjects, and for each guideline, we present an example of how to apply the finding to the sample game (AbW). Furthermore, we demonstrate the generalizability to other sensitive topics by providing an additional example of a game that could be designed with the presented guidelines.