bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Generalized Young Measures Generated by $${\mathcal {A}}$$-free Measures
Authors: Arroyo-Rabasa Adolfo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe give two characterizations, one for the class of generalized Young measures generated by $${{\,\mathrm{{\mathcal {A}}}\,}}$$

A

-free measures and one for the class generated by $${\mathcal {B}}$$
B
-gradient measures $${\mathcal {B}}u$$

B
u

. Here, $${{\,\mathrm{{\mathcal {A}}}\,}}$$

A

and $${\mathcal {B}}$$
B
are linear homogeneous operators of arbitrary order, which we assume satisfy the constant rank property. The first characterization places the class of generalized $${\mathcal {A}}$$
A
-free Young measures in duality with the class of $${{\,\mathrm{{\mathcal {A}}}\,}}$$

A

-quasiconvex integrands by means of a well-known Hahn–Banach separation property. The second characterization establishes a similar statement for generalized $${\mathcal {B}}$$
B
-gradient Young measures. Concerning applications, we discuss several examples that showcase the failure of $$\mathrm {L}^1$$

L

1

-compensated compactness when concentration of mass is allowed. These include the failure of $$\mathrm {L}^1$$

L

1

-estimates for elliptic systems and the lack of rigidity for a version of the two-state problem. As a byproduct of our techniques we also show that, for any bounded open set $$\Omega $$
Ω
, the inclusions $$\begin{aligned} \mathrm {L}^1(\Omega ) \cap \ker {\mathcal {A}}&\hookrightarrow {\mathcal {M}}(\Omega ) \cap \ker {{\,\mathrm{{\mathcal {A}}}\,}}\,,\\ \{{\mathcal {B}}u\in \mathrm {C}^\infty (\Omega )\}&\hookrightarrow \{{\mathcal {B}}u\in {\mathcal {M}}(\Omega )\} \end{aligned}$$

L

1

(
Ω
)

∩
ker
A

↪
M
(
Ω
)
∩
ker

A

,

{
B
u
∈

C

∞

(
Ω
)

}

↪
{
B
u
∈
M
(
Ω
)
}

are dense with respect to the area-functional convergence of measures.
Early-Onset Osteoporosis
Authors: Mäkitie Outi , Zillikens M. Carola 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOsteoporosis is a skeletal disorder with enhanced bone fragility, usually affecting the elderly. It is very rare in children and young adults and the definition is not only based on a low BMD (a Z-score < − 2.0 in growing children and a Z-score ≤ − 2.0 or a T-score ≤ − 2.5 in young adults) but also on the occurrence of fragility fractures and/or the existence of underlying chronic diseases or secondary factors such as use of glucocorticoids. In the absence of a known chronic disease, fragility fractures and low BMD should prompt extensive screening for secondary causes, which can be found in up to 90% of cases. When fragility fractures occur in childhood or young adulthood without an evident secondary cause, investigations should explore the possibility of an underlying monogenetic bone disease, where bone fragility is caused by a single variant in a gene that has a major role in the skeleton. Several monogenic forms relate to type I collagen, but other forms also exist. Loss-of-function variants in LRP5 and WNT1 may lead to early-onset osteoporosis. The X-chromosomal osteoporosis caused by PLS3 gene mutations affects especially males. Another recently discovered form relates to disturbed sphingolipid metabolism due to SGMS2 mutations, underscoring the complexity of molecular pathology in monogenic early-onset osteoporosis. Management of young patients consists of treatment of secondary factors, optimizing lifestyle factors including calcium and vitamin D and physical exercise. Treatment with bone-active medication should be discussed on a personalized basis, considering the severity of osteoporosis and underlying disease versus the absence of evidence on anti-fracture efficacy and potential harmful effects in pregnancy.
Nutritional supplementation alters associations between one-carbon metabolites and cardiometabolic risk profiles in older adults: a secondary analysis of the Vienna Active Ageing Study
Authors: Gillies Nicola A. , Franzke Bernhard , Wessner Barbara , Schober-Halper Barbara , Hofmann Marlene , Oesen Stefan , Tosevska Anela , Strasser Eva-Maria , Roy Nicole C. , Milan Amber M. , Cameron-Smith David , Wagner Karl-Heinz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Cardiovascular diseases and cognitive decline, predominant in ageing populations, share common features of dysregulated one-carbon (1C) and cardiometabolic homeostasis. However, few studies have addressed the impact of multifaceted lifestyle interventions in older adults that combine both nutritional supplementation and resistance training on the co-regulation of 1C metabolites and cardiometabolic markers.

Methods
95 institutionalised older adults (83 ± 6 years, 88.4% female) were randomised to receive resistance training with or without nutritional supplementation (Fortifit), or cognitive training (control for socialisation) for 6 months. Fasting plasma 1C metabolite concentrations, analysed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and cardiometabolic parameters were measured at baseline and the 3- and 6-month follow-ups.

Results
Regardless of the intervention group, choline was elevated after 3 months, while cysteine and methionine remained elevated after 6 months (mixed model time effects, p < 0.05). Elevated dimethylglycine and lower betaine concentrations were correlated with an unfavourable cardiometabolic profile at baseline (spearman correlations, p < 0.05). However, increasing choline and dimethylglycine concentrations were associated with improvements in lipid metabolism in those receiving supplementation (regression model interaction, p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Choline metabolites, including choline, betaine and dimethylglycine, were central to the co-regulation of 1C metabolism and cardiometabolic health in older adults. Metabolites that indicate upregulated betaine-dependent homocysteine remethylation were elevated in those with the greatest cardiometabolic risk at baseline, but associated with improvements in lipid parameters following resistance training with nutritional supplementation. The relevance of how 1C metabolite status might be optimised to protect against cardiometabolic dysregulation requires further attention.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of otitis media with effusion in adults and children: a multicenter study
Authors: Iannella Giannicola , Magliulo Giuseppe , Lechien Jerome R. , Maniaci Antonino , Perrone Tiziano , Frasconi Pier Carlo , De Vito Andrea , Martone Chiara , Ferlito Salvatore , Cocuzza Salvatore , Cammaroto Giovanni , Meccariello Giuseppe , Monticone Valentina , Greco Antonio , de Vincentiis Marco , Ralli Massimo , Savastano Vincenzo , Bertin Serena , Pace Annalisa , Milani Alessandro , Polimeni Roberta , Pelucchi Stefano , Ciorba Andrea , Vicini Claudio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To compare and analyze the incidence of otitis media with effusion (OME), before and during the COVID-19-related pandemic period, to evaluate the effects of the social changes (lockdown, continuous use of facial masks, social distancing, reduction of social activities) in the OME incidence in children and adults.

Methods
The number of diagnosed OME in e five referral centers, between 1 March 2018 and 1 March 2021, has been reviewed and collected. To estimate the reduction of OME incidence in children and adults during the COVID-19 pandemic period the OME incidence in three period of time were evaluated and compared: group 1—patients with OME diagnosis achieved between 1/03/2018 and 01/03/2019 (not pandemic period). Group 2—patients with OME diagnosis achieved between 1/03/2019 and 1/03/2020 (not pandemic period). Group 3—patients with OME diagnosis achieved between 1/03/2020 and 1/03/2021 (COVID-19 pandemic period).

Results
In the non-pandemic periods (group 1 and 2), the incidence of OME in the five referral centers considered was similar, with 482 and 555 diagnosed cases, respectively. In contrast, the OME incidence in the same centers, during the pandemic period (group 3) was clearly reduced with a lower total number of 177 cases of OME estimated. Percentage variation in OME incidence between the first non-pandemic year considered (group 1) and the pandemic period (group 3) was—63, 3%, with an absolute value decrease value of—305 cases. Similarly, comparing the second non-pandemic year (group 2) and the pandemic year (group 3) the percentage variation of OME incidence was—68, 1% with an absolute value of—305 cases decreased.

Conclusions
Our findings showed a lower incidence of OME during the pandemic period compared with 2 previous non pandemic years. The drastic restrictive anti-contagion measures taken by the Italian government to contain the spread of COVID-19 could have had a positive impact on the lower OME incidence during the last pandemic year.
The impact of vestibular schwannoma and its management on employment
Authors: Neve O. M. , Jansen J. C. , van der Mey A. G. L. , Koot R. W. , de Ridder M. , van Benthem P. P. G. , Stiggelbout A. M. , Hensen E. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Employment is an important factor in quality of life. For vestibular schwannoma (VS) patients, employment is not self-evident, because of the sequelae of the disease or its treatment and their effects on daily life.

Objectives
This study assessed employment status, sick leave (absenteeism) and being less productive at work (presenteeism) in the long-term follow-up of VS patients, and evaluated the impact of treatment strategy (active surveillance, surgery or radiotherapy).

Methods
A cross-sectional survey study was performed in a tertiary university hospital in the Netherlands. Patients completed the iMTA-post productivity questionnaire (iPCQ). Employment status was compared to that of the general Dutch population. Employment, absenteeism and presenteeism were compared between patients under active surveillance, patients after radiotherapy and post-surgical patients.

Result
In total 239 patients participated, of which 67% were employed at the time of the study. Only 14% had a disability pension, which was comparable to the age-matched general Dutch population. The proportion of patients with absenteeism was 8%, resulting in a 4% reduction of working hours. Presenteeism was reported by 14% of patients, resulting in a 2% reduction of working hours. The median number of working hours per week was 36, and since the diagnosis, these hours had been reduced by 6%. There were no significant differences between treatment modalities.

Conclusion
On average, long-term employment status and working hours of VS patients are comparable to the age-matched general population. Treatment strategies do not seem to differentially impact on long-term employment of VS patients.
Diagnosis and follow-up evaluation of central nervous system vasculitis: an evaluation of vessel-wall MRI findings
Authors: Patzig Maximilian , Forbrig Robert , Küpper Clemens , Eren Ozan , Saam Tobias , Kellert Lars , Liebig Thomas , Schöberl Florian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective
To approach the clinical value of MRI with vessel wall imaging (VWI) in patients with central nervous system vasculitis (CNSV), we analyzed patterns of VWI findings both at the time of initial presentation and during follow-up.

Methods
Stenoocclusive lesions, vessel-wall contrast enhancement (VW-CE) and diffusion-restricted lesions were analyzed in patients with a diagnosis of CNSV. On available VWI follow-up, progression, regression or stability of VW-CE were evaluated and correlated with the clinical status.

Results
Of the 45 patients included, 28 exhibited stenoses visible on MR angiography (MRA-positive) while 17 had no stenosis (MRA-negative). VW-CE was found in 2/17 MRA-negative and all MRA-positive patients (p < 0.05). 79.1% (53/67) of stenoses showed VW-CE. VW-CE was concentric in 88.3% and eccentric in 11.7% of cases. Diffusion-restricted lesions were found more frequently in relation to stenoses with VW-CE than without VW-CE (p < 0.05). 48 VW-CE lesions in 23 patients were followed over a median time of 239.5 days. 13 VW-CE lesions (27.1%) resolved completely, 14 (29.2%) showed partial regression, 17 (35.4%) remained stable and 4 (8.3%) progressed. 22/23 patients received immunosuppressive therapy for the duration of follow-up. Patients with stable or progressive VW-CE were more likely (p < 0.05) to have a relapse (14/30 cases) than patients with partial or complete regression of VW-CE (5/25 cases).

Conclusion
Concentric VW-CE is a common finding in medium/large-sized vessel CNSV. VW-CE might represent active inflammation in certain situations. However, follow-up VWI findings proved ambiguous as persisting VW-CE despite immunosuppressive therapy and clinical remission was a frequent finding.
Polygenic scores for handedness and their association with asymmetries in brain structure
Authors: Ocklenburg Sebastian , Metzen Dorothea , Schlüter Caroline , Fraenz Christoph , Arning Larissa , Streit Fabian , Güntürkün Onur , Kumsta Robert , Genç Erhan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHandedness is the most widely investigated motor preference in humans. The genetics of handedness and especially the link between genetic variation, brain structure, and right-left preference have not been investigated in detail. Recently, several well-powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on handedness have been published, significantly advancing the understanding of the genetic determinants of left and right-handedness. In the present study, we estimated polygenic scores (PGS) of handedness-based on the GWAS by de Kovel and Francks (Sci Rep 9: 5986, 2019) in an independent validation cohort (n = 296). PGS reflect the sum effect of trait-associated alleles across many genetic loci. For the first time, we could show that these GWAS-based PGS are significantly associated with individual handedness lateralization quotients in an independent validation cohort. Additionally, we investigated whether handedness-derived polygenic scores are associated with asymmetries in gray matter macrostructure across the whole brain determined using magnetic resonance imaging. None of these associations reached significance after correction for multiple comparisons. Our results implicate that PGS obtained from large-scale handedness GWAS are significantly associated with individual handedness in smaller validation samples with more detailed phenotypic assessment.
Biological activity of 3-(2-benzoxazol-5-yl)alanine derivatives
Authors: Guzow Katarzyna , Mulkiewicz Ewa , Obuchowski Michał , Wiczk Wiesław 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSearching for new drugs is still a challenge for science, mainly because of civilization development and globalization which promote the rapid spread of diseases, which is particularly dangerous in the case of infectious ones. Moreover, readily available already known antibiotics are often overused or misused, possibly contributing to the increase in the number of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. A consequence of this is the need for new structures of potential drugs. One of them is a benzoxazole moiety, a basic skeleton of a group of fluorescent heterocyclic compounds already widely used in chemistry, industry, and medicine, which is also present in naturally occurring biologically active compounds. Moreover, synthetic benzoxazoles are also biologically active. Considering all of that, a large group of non-proteinogenic amino acids based on 3-(2-benzoxazol-5-yl)alanine skeleton was studied in search for new antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Screening tests revealed that antibacterial potential of 41 compounds studied is not very high; however, they are selective acting only against Gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis). Moreover, almost half of the studied compounds have antifungal properties, also against pathogens (C. albicans). Most of studied compounds are toxic to both normal and cancer cells. However, in a few cases, toxicity to normal cells is much lower than for cancer cells indicating these compounds as future anticancer agents. The research carried out on such a large group of compounds allowed to establish a structure–activity relationship which enables to select candidates for further modifications, necessary to improve their biological activity and obtain a new lead structure with potential for therapeutic use.
Mass spectrometry based metabolomics approach on the elucidation of volatile metabolites formation in fermented foods: A mini review
Authors: Park Min Kyung , Kim Young-Suk 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMetabolomics can be applied for comparative and quantitative analyses of the metabolic changes induced by microorganisms during fermentation. In particular, mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool for metabolomics that is widely used for elucidating biomarkers and patterns of metabolic changes. Fermentation involves the production of volatile metabolites via diverse and complex metabolic pathways by the activities of microbial enzymes. These metabolites can greatly affect the organoleptic properties of fermented foods. This review provides an overview of the MS-based metabolomics techniques applied in studies of fermented foods, and the major metabolic pathways and metabolites (e.g., sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids) derived from their metabolism. In addition, we suggest an efficient tool for understanding the metabolic patterns and for identifying novel markers in fermented foods.
Development and validation of the MARA scale in Spanish to assess knowledge and perceived risks and barriers relating to breast cancer prevention
Authors: Martínez-Urquijo Andrea , Postigo Álvaro , Cuesta Marcelino , Fernández-Álvarez María del Mar , Martín-Payo Rubén 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to develop a measurement instrument for assessing knowledge of breast cancer and perceived risk of developing the disease (MARA).

Methods
641 women with a mean age of 36.19 years (SD = 7.49) participated in the study. Data collection took place during 2019 and included sociodemographic data, data on history of cancer and breast cancer, perceived risk, and feelings of concern about developing breast cancer. Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent validity, and structural validity were tested.

Results
The questionnaire items comprise 4 subscales: risk factors (9 items), signs and symptoms (9 items), perceived risk (6 items), barriers (7 items). A factor analysis revealed that the first two subscales had two dimensions each, whereas the other two subscales had one dimension each. Each subscale was shown to have adequate reliability (α = 0.74–0.92) and temporal stability (r = 0.201–0.906), as well as strong evidence of validity in relation to a questionnaire on breast cancer knowledge (r = 0.131–0.434). In addition, the subscales were shown to have high discriminatory power in terms of the presence or absence of a history of cancer or breast cancer, perceived risk, and feelings of concern.

Conclusion
The MARA questionnaire represents a valid, reliable tool for assessing Spanish women’s knowledge, risks, perceptions, and barriers regarding breast cancer.
On the triad of air PM pollution, pathogenic bioaerosols, and lower respiratory infection
Authors: He Tangtian , Jin Ling , Li Xiangdong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAirborne particulate matter (PM) pollution, as a leading environmental health risk, causes millions of premature deaths globally every year. Lower respiratory infection (LRI) is a sensitive response to short-term exposure to outdoor PM pollution. The airborne transmission of etiological agents of LRI, as an important pathway for infection and morbidity, bridges the public health issues of air quality and pathogen infectivity, virulence, resistance, and others. Enormous efforts are underway to identify common pathogens and substances that are etiological agents for LRI and to understand the underlying toxicological and clinical basis of health effects by identifying mechanistic pathways. Seasonal variations and geographical disparities in the survival and infectivity of LRI pathogens are unsolved mysteries. Weather conditions in geographical areas may have a key effect, but also potentially connect LRI with short-term increases in ambient air PM pollution. Statistical associations show that short-term elevations in fine and coarse PM lead to increases in respiratory infections, but the causative agents could be chemical or microbiological and be present individually or in mixtures, and the interactions between chemical and microbiological agents remain undefined. Further investigations on high-resolution monitoring of airborne pathogens in relation to PM pollution for an integrated exposure–response assessment and mechanistic study are warranted. Improving our understanding of the spatiotemporal features of pathogenic bioaerosols and air pollutants and translating scientific evidence into effective policies is vital to reducing the health risks and devastating death toll from PM pollution.

Graphical abstract
Parent-Mediated Interventions for Infants under 24 Months at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Law Mei L. , Singh Jatinder , Mastroianni Mathilde , Santosh Paramala 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProdromal symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have been detected within the first year of life. This review evaluated evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of parent-mediated interventions for infants under 24 months who are at risk for ASD. Electronic databases, including grey literature, were searched up till November 2019. Seven RCTs were identified. There was substantial heterogeneity in recruitment, outcome measures and effect size calculations. Interventions did not reduce the risk of later ASD diagnosis and post-intervention effects on infant outcomes were inconsistent, with five studies reporting significant improvements across both treatment and control groups. Moderate level of evidence of intervention effects on parental interaction skills and the small number of RCTs, and significant limitations restrict generalizability across studies.
Relative Camera Pose Estimation using Synthetic Data with Domain Adaptation via Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks
Authors: Yang Chenhao , Liu Yuyi , Zell Andreas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLearning-based visual localization has become prospective over the past decades. Since ground truth pose labels are difficult to obtain, recent methods try to learn pose estimation networks using pixel-perfect synthetic data. However, this also introduces the problem of domain bias. In this paper, we first build aTuebingen Buildingsdataset of RGB images collected by a drone in urban scenes and create a 3D model for each scene. A large number of synthetic images are generated based on these 3D models. We take advantage of image style transfer and cycle-consistent adversarial training to predict the relative camera poses of image pairs based on training over synthetic environment data. We propose a relative camera pose estimation approach to solve the continuous localization problem for autonomous navigation of unmanned systems. Unlike those existing learning-based camera pose estimation methods that train and test in a single scene, our approach successfully estimates the relative camera poses of multiple city locations with a single trained model. We use theTuebingen Buildingsand theCambridge Landmarksdatasets to evaluate the performance of our approach in a single scene and across-scenes. For each dataset, we compare the performance between real images and synthetic images trained models. We also test our model in the indoor dataset7Scenesto demonstrate its generalization ability.