bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red cell alloimmunization among antenatal women attending tertiary care center in Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
Authors: Dholakiya Spruha Kashyap , Bharadva Sumit , Vachhani Jitendra H. , Upadhyay B. Shweta 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:
The following study was conducted to measure the presence of alloantibodies of Rh and other blood group antigens produced due to fetomaternal hemorrhage in all antenatal women as well as those leading to hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn; presenting to a tertiary care center, G.G. Government Hospital, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India, between April 2014 and March 2016 (2 years).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
All multiparous women irrespective of their period of gestation or obstetrics history were included whereas those having taken anti-D immunoprophylaxis or with a history of blood transfusion were excluded. Antibody screening and identification were done using Bio-Rad ID microtyping system.

RESULTS:
Out of total 8920 multigravida females, 8488 were D-antigen positive whereas 432 were D-antigen negative. A total of 126 antibodies among 117 females (1.31%) were found; out of them, 33 were found in D-antigen positive females (0.39%) and 84 in D-antigen negative ones (19.44%) looking at overall frequency of other antibodies such as anti-C: 9, anti-c: 9, anti-E: 13, anti-Cw: 1, anti-M: 5, anti-S: 8, anti-Fya: 3, and anti-D: 78; it was found that anti-D is the most common.

CONCLUSION:
The rate of alloimmunization in D-antigen negative women was found to be very high as compared to other studies in western region; hence, strict follow-up of immunoprophylaxis of all Rh D-negative women needs to be taken care of. Apart from this, D-antigen-positive women also show alloimmunization against various antigens giving the prevalence of 0.39%; hence, it should be mandatory that there should be one standard universal protocol for screening of all antenatal women.
Evaluation of quality matrix when practice changed from triple bags to quadruple (top and bottom) bags
Authors: Bhardwaj Gunjan , Tiwari Aseem Kumar , Aggarwal Geet , Pabbi Swati , Sharma Jyoti , Luthra Aanchal , Upadhyay Anand 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:
As a part of continuous quality initiatives, while moving from triple bags to quadruple bags, we undertook a study to compare platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and buffy-coat (BC) methods with respect to all blood components (red blood cells [RBCs], random donor platelet concentrate [RDPC], and fresh frozen plasma [FFP]) prepared by PRP and BC methods.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
It was a prospective analysis of different physical and quality parameters of RDPC, RBC, and FFP prepared out of 100 whole blood (WB) donations. Of these, 50 WB units were processed by PRP method using Triple bags and 50 WB units by BC method, using quadruple (top and bottom) bags, with an attached integral filter.

RESULTS:
RBC prepared by BC method had higher hematocrit (61.3 ± 1.91% vs. 56.03 ± 3.37%; P < 0.05) and lower white blood cell (WBC) contamination (6.3 × 104 ± 6.1 vs. 5.41 × 105 ± 2.5; P < 0.05) in comparison to prepared by PRP method. Higher PLT yield (7.67 × 1010 ± 1.8 vs. 6.47 × 1010 ± 1.5; P < 0.05) and lower WBC count (8.24 × 103 ± 1.1 vs. 1.5 × 104 ± 2.1; P < 0.05) was observed in RDPC prepared by BC method than PRP derived. CD62P expression was lower in RDPC prepared by BC method (31.46 ± 9.7%; P < 0.05) as compared to PRP method (43.35 ± 12.5%; P < 0.05). The BC method also resulted in increased plasma yield (210.56 ± 18.54 ml vs. 187.92 ± 12.93 ml; P < 0.05) in FFP in comparison to PRP method.

CONCLUSION:
The blood components produced from WB by the BC method have laboratory variables suggestive of superior quality than those produced by the PRP method.
Co-Inheritance of α-Thalassemia Gene Mutation in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Ali Al-Barazanchi ZA , Abdulateef SS , Hassan Meaad Kadhum 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic, phenotypically highly variable disease with multisystem pathology. The phenotypic heterogeneity of SCD is attributed to environmental and genetic factors such as fetal hemoglobin and co-inheritance of α-thalassemia.

Objectives:
To look for different types of α-thalassemia gene mutations among SCD patients and evaluate the influence of the co-inheritance of α-thalassemia on clinical and hematological variables.

Methods:
This cross-sectional analytical study included 765 SCD patients, and 150 patients (with low mean corpuscular volume (MCV), low mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and normal serum ferritin levels) were tested for α-thalassemia gene mutations. Multiplex PCR and reverse hybridization and sequencing for both α genes using the Vienna Lab Strip Assay PCR study were performed using conventional PCR technology.

Results:
Out of 150 patients tested for α-thalassemia gene mutations, 141 patients were found to have one or more of the mutational types, representing 18.4% of all studied SCD patients. The most common mutations found were the -3.7 deletion (76.6%), followed by the -4.2 deletion (12.1%), mutant α2polyA-1 (Saudi type) (9.2%), and --MED double gene deletion (7.8%). Acute painful episodes did not differ significantly in sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients with or without α-thalassemia, although the co-inheritance of α-thalassemia has a protective role against many disease-related complications. However, this role was not observed with other types of SCD. The means of red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were significantly higher, while the MCV, MCH, reticulocyte count, and hemoglobin A2 percentage were significantly lower in patients with α-thalassemia gene mutations than in those without α-thalassemia gene mutations (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The co-inheritance of α-thalassemia and SCA confers protection against many disease-related complications and is associated with improved hematological indices. However, this protection was not noticed in patients with other types of SCD.
The Efficacy of Magnesium Sulphate as an Adjunct to Local Anaesthetics for Perineal Pain Relief After Episiotomy
Authors: Garba JA , Shehu CE , Nwobodo EI , Panti AA , Tunau KA , Sulaiman B , Kadas SA , Onwudiegwu U , Aboyeji AP 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Episiotomy is a deliberate surgical incision of the perineum with the aim of increasing the vulval outlet to facilitate childbirth. However, it could be associated with some complications, such as pain, hemorrhage, and wound infection. It is a surgical procedure that requires adherence to basic surgical principles of providing adequate analgesia.

Aim:
To determine the efficacy of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) as an adjunct to local anesthetics for analgesia during episiotomy repair among women that had vaginal delivery at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Subject and Methods:
This was a single-blind randomized clinical trial. Pregnant women who had episiotomy during the study period were randomized into two groups. Those in Group A had xylocaine administered alone, whereas those in Group B had xylocaine + MgSO4 administered for repair of episiotomy. Pain was assessed by numeric rating scale at commencement of the repair, at 2 and 6 h after the repair. Patient's level of satisfaction, request for additional analgesia, and side effects were also assessed.

Results:
The pain score in the xylocaine + MgSO4 group was lower throughout the period of assessment. There was no significant difference in the pain scores between the two groups at 0 and 6 h. However, there was significant difference in the mean pain scores between the two groups at 2 h (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the level of satisfaction, request for additional analgesia, and side effects between the two groups.

Conclusion:
Both xylocaine alone and xylocaine with MgSO4 provide adequate perineal pain relief during episiotomy repair. MgSO4 improves the analgesic effect of xylocaine at 2 h after episiotomy repair without any significant side effect.
Immune Response to Hepatitis B Vaccination and Factors Associated with Poor Immune Response Among Healthcare Workers
Authors: Kwan BS , Shim SG , Cho DH , Kim KM , Choi IS , Lee DG 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health problem, and healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk for HBV infection. Current guidelines strongly recommend immunization and screening for high-risk groups.

Aims:
We evaluated immunization and screening for HBV vaccination, assessed post-vaccination immune status of HCW's and characterized potential risk factors associated with poor immune response.

Materials and Methods:
From January 2010 to December 2018, we retrospectively analyzed comprehensive health checkup data for a total of 303 HCWs who received an HBV vaccination. After vaccination, HBV surface antibody (anti-HBs) titers were collected and the distribution of immune response types was determined. Risk factors for poor immune responses were identified using logistic regression.

Results:
A total of 213 HCWs were analyzed after exclusion based on the exclusion criteria. In total, 28 (13.2%) HCWs had anti-HBs titers <100 mIU/mL (hyporesponsive/nonresponsive groups), and 185 (86.8%) had anti-HBs titers ≥100 mIU/mL (hyperresponsive group). Follow-up observations found that 75% (21/28) of the hyporesponsive/nonresponsive groups did not have increased anti-HBs titers or did not maintain an increased response. A multivariate analysis showed that HBV antibody titers at the time of employment were a significant risk factor (OR, 6.12; CI, 1.34-27.93; P = 0.019).

Conclusions:
More attention should be paid to groups that are hyporesponsive/nonresponsive after vaccination and to those with low anti-HBs titers at the beginning of employment. HCWs can be further protected from HBV if their results are discussed at postvaccination follow-ups.
Intensive Care Nurses' Evidence-based Knowledge and Experiences Regarding Closed Suctioning System
Authors: Yilmaz I , Ozden D , Arslan GG 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Endotracheal suctioning is a vital procedure performed by intensive care nurses to maintain airway patency and optimal gas exchange in critically ill patients under mechanical ventilation. As the procedure can cause several complications, intensive care nurses should have adequate evidence-based knowledge on how to perform the procedure.

Aims:
This study aimed at examining intensive care nurses' knowledge and experience of the closed suctioning system. This study was a prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, and multi-centered study conducted with 195 nurses working in the tertiary intensive care units in five Turkish hospitals.

Subjects and Methods:
The data were collected with a questionnaire developed by the researchers in light of the literature. The data were evaluated with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests.

Results:
The mean age of the nurses was 30.58 ± 6.28 years. The mean knowledge score of the nurses for the closed system was 27.35 ± 12.05 (range = 0–80) and 80.5% of them obtained scores ranging between 0 and 40. Also, 71.8% stated that they did not have any difficulty performing suctioning with the closed system catheter, and 85% said that they saved time with the closed system. However, 50.8% of the nurses said they were not able to suction viscous and sticky secretions efficiently, 44.6% stated they did not need to irrigate the inside of the catheter, and 45.1% of them were undecided whether the coude tip catheter led to hemorrhagic secretion more than straight tip catheter.

Conclusions:
Almost one-fifth of the nurses had good scores on evidence-based knowledge of suctioning. Most of the nurses' experiences regarding the use and manipulation of the closed system were positive. However, almost half of the nurses pointed out that the closed system was not effective enough to suction viscous and sticky secretions. Regular in-service training sessions may help to improve nurses' current knowledge and experiences.
Attitude of Nigerian Obstetrician-Gynecologists toward Gamete Donation
Authors: Ezeome IV 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) as a treatment for infertility has come to stay in Nigeria. However, currently there is no national regulation of the practice even though the Association for Fertility and Reproductive Health has recently produced a guideline for practice by its members. Though there is an international trend toward more information giving to donors/clients/child in gamete donation, opinions and attitudes depend on cultural and societal values.

Aim:
To investigate the attitude of Nigerian obstetrician/gynecologists toward gamete donation.

Subjects and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional descriptive study in which a structured questionnaire was administered to 110 obstetrician-gynecologists following an oral informed consent. Data analysis was done using SPSS v. 20 by descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage, with Pearson Chi-square test for association between demographic variables and responses.

Results:
The age range of respondents was 31–68 years with a mean of 44.5 +/−8.9 SD. Majority (85.5%) were males and 72 (65.5%) were <50 years of age. Seventy-five (68.2%) and sixty-six (60%) respondents were in support of anonymous and non-anonymous gamete donation, respectively. More than two-thirds of participants rejected giving off-springs donor information either in child or adulthood. Forty respondents (36.4%) rejected that parents be honest with the child about his/her genetic origin, whilst sixty-two (56.4%) and forty-three (38%) gynecologists were of the view that sperm and oocyte donors should not be compensated, respectively.

Conclusion:
There is a greater support for anonymous than non-anonymous gamete donation among Nigerian obstetrician/gynecologists, and they also have a negative attitude to disclosure of donor-information to off-springs from gamete donation. They were more likely to support compensation for oocyte than sperm donors. Legal protection of donors and recipients through a national regulation will provide greater openness among all stakeholders.
Visual Outcome Following Posterior Capsule Rupture During Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery
Authors: Oladigbolu KK , Bunce C , Raji LA , Abah ER , Umar MM , Buchan JC 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
The quality of cataract surgery can be measured by visual outcome, which is sometimes limited by intraoperative complications, most commonly posterior capsular rupture.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to assess visual outcome at the last visit (≥8 weeks) following posterior capsule rupture (PCR) in patients who had manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) managed without access to an automated vitrector.

Methods:
A review of medical records of all manual small incision cataract surgeries performed between January 2013 and December 2016 at the National Eye Centre, Kaduna, Nigeria was conducted. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed using STATA 14.0 to examine risk factors for the development of a poor visual outcome and to assess the impact of PCR on development of poor visual outcome.

Results:
In total, 405 patients were operated on with MSICS (50.6% males). Mean age was 62.4 (SD 12.6) years. PCR was the most common complication (n = 19 (4.7%)). The proportion of good outcomes (≥6/18) rose from 12.4% non-PCR and 0.0% for those with PCR at day 1 postoperative review, to 71.5 and 26.3%, respectively, by final follow up (P = 0.001). Patients with PCR were 7.0 (P = 0.0001) times more likely to have borderline/poor visual outcome (<6/18) compared to those without PCR. Age >60 years increased the odds of borderline/poor by 1.4 times (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
PCR significantly affects the visual outcome of cataract patients in settings with no facilities for automated vitrectomy. Minimizing complications will improve visual outcome of cataract patients and increase uptake of cataract surgical services.
Quasi-Least Squares Regression Method with Dentistry Data
Authors: Asar Erdoğan , Karabulut Erdem 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
In dentistry, single-jaw surgery or double-jaw surgery is performed depending on the patient's need to correct severe skeletal malocclusions. The effect of these surgical methods used in treatment is to be investigated with quasi-least squares regression (QLS), which is a new data analysis method for correlated data obtained by extending generalized estimating equations (GEE).

Aim:
The aim of this study is to investigate whether jaw surgery methods (single jaw and double jaw) and time are effective on some outcome variables (C point menton distance, cervical plane angle, distance from point C to pogonion perpendicular, angle between cervical plane and facial plane) using QLS method.

Methods:
In application, 114 measurements were performed on the lateral cephalometric radiographs of 34 patients aged 18 years and older who received orthodontic treatment and underwent surgery in the period of 2000–2018. The effects of time and group variables on four dependent variables were investigated and evaluated using QLS and GEE methods.

Results:
Single-jaw surgery and double-jaw surgery as a group variable on all outcome variables were not significant. Among the working correlation structures used in QLS, the highest correlation value was obtained by “Markov” working correlation structure.

Conclusion:
Single-jaw surgery and double-jaw surgery were found to be statistically insignificant for outcome variables examined. QLS is superior to GEE in cases where repeated measurements are performed at unequal time intervals and there are missing observations.
Evaluation of the Marginal Microleakage of CAD-CAM Compared with Conventional Interim Crowns Luted with Different Types of Cement
Authors: Robaian A , Maawadh A , Alghomlas ZI , Alqahtani AM , Alothman TA , Alhajri FF , Albar N 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Temporary stage in crowns and bridgework plays an important role in the success and failure of the final restorations. Lack of marginal seal of the temporary restorations can lead to further complications. Recently, digital dentistry has been improved in terms of marginal integrity.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the marginal leakage between CAD/CAM and conventionally made Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) interim crowns cemented with different temporary luting cements.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty resin dies of a maxillary right first premolar were prepared according to the protocol of the tooth preparation for all-ceramic crown. Interim crowns were then fabricated and assigned to two main groups according to the fabrication technique (CAD/CAM technique and conventional technique). Furthermore, the samples were sub-grouped (n = 10) according to the type of the luting cements: Zinc oxide eugenol (RelyX temp E), Zinc oxide non-eugenol (RelyX temp NE), and Zinc polycarboxylate cement (pentron). The specimens were then subjected to thermocycling at 5°C and 55°CC for 30 sec and transfer time of 15 seconds for 1500 cycles. After that, the specimens were immersed in a 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours. The cemented specimens were sectioned buccolingually and the amount of marginal leakage was evaluated under digital microscope at magnification 50x. The scores of dye penetration were recorded and analyzed using one-way ANOVA at P < 0.05 for all tests.

Results:
For the fabrication technique, CAD/CAM-made interim crowns had significantly better performance in terms of lower microleakage in comparison to conventionally built interim crowns (P < 0.001). Overall, Zinc Oxide non-eugenol also showed significantly least microleakage as a luting cement then Zinc Oxide Eugenol and the most microleakage was found with Zinc Polycarboxylate regardless of the fabrication method.

Conclusion:
Interim crowns fabricated by CAD-CAM system are better suited for temporization. Zinc-oxide non-eugenol cements showed the least amount of microleakage in both types of crown.
Nondestructive Evaluation of Microleakage in Restored Primary Teeth Using CP-OCT
Authors: Bakhsh T A , Khan SJ , Gharamah HA , Alshoaibi E , Turkistani A 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Although the demand for esthetic filling of primary teeth with resin composite is increasing, there is no enough data on the adhesive performance of composite restorations in primary teeth. Despite the improvements in resin composites, interfacial gap is still a disadvantage as it may cause marginal staining, secondary caries, and restoration failure. Previous studies have validated the efficiency of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the evaluation of adhesive interface in permanent teeth, but not in primary teeth.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to assess microleakage upon composite restorations in primary teeth using cross-polarization OCT (CP-OCT).

Methodology:
Cylindrical class-V cavities were prepared in extracted human primary second molars and divided into four groups randomly. In groups 1 and 2, cavities were restored using Tetric N-Universal adhesive in the self-etch mode followed by IPS Impress Direct Composite and Ceram.x One Universal composite, respectively. In groups 3 and 4, one-step self-etch Prime and Bond Elect adhesive was used followed by ID composite and CX composite in groups 3 and 4, respectively. The specimens were then immersed in a contrasting solution followed by interfacial microleakage examination under CP-OCT. The recorded images were analyzed to quantify the mean gap percentages.

Results:
All tested groups showed variable degree of interfacial microleakage under composite restorations. Two-way ANOVA showed the composite factor was significantly influencing the results, unlike the adhesive. Group 1 and 2 had the lowest and highest mean gap percentage, respectively, which were significantly different from the other groups. Groups 3 and 4 were not significantly different.

Conclusion:
Based on the current finding, a polymeric restorative system from the same manufacturer reduces the risk of interfacial microleakage in primary teeth.