bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative Research to Inform Economic Modelling: Older People’s Views on Implementing the Nice Falls Prevention Guideline in English Community Context.
Authors: Kwon Joseph , Lee Yujin , Young Tracey , Squires Hazel , Harris Janet 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: High prevalence of falls among older persons makes falls prevention a public health priority. Yet community-based falls prevention face complexity in implementation and any commissioning strategy should be subject to rigorous economic evaluation to ensure cost-effective use of scarce healthcare resources. The study aims to capture the subjective views of older people in Sheffield on implementing the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline on community-based falls prevention and explore how the qualitative data can be used to inform commissioning strategies and the conceptual modelling of falls prevention economic evaluation. Methods: Focus group and interview participants (n=27) were recruited from Sheffield, England, and comprised falls prevention service users and eligible non-users of varying falls risks. Topics concerned key components of the NICE-recommended falls prevention pathway, including falls risk screening, multifactorial risk assessment and treatment uptake and adherence. Views on other topics concerning falls were also invited. Framework analysis was applied for data analysis, involving data familiarisation, identifying themes, indexing, charting and mapping and interpretation. The qualitative data were mapped to three frameworks: (1) facilitators and barriers to implementing the NICE-recommended pathway and contextual factors; (2) intervention-related causal mechanisms for formulating commissioning strategies spanning context, priority setting, need, supply and demand; and (3) methodological and evaluative challenges for public health economic modelling. Results: Two cross-component factors were identified: health motives of older persons; and professional competence. Participants highlighted the need for intersectoral approaches and prioritising the vulnerable groups. The local commissioning strategy should consider the socioeconomic, linguistic, geographical, legal and cultural contexts, priority setting challenges, supply-side mechanisms spanning provider, organisation, funding and policy (including intersectoral) and health and non-health demand motives. Methodological and evaluative challenges identified included: incorporating wider costs and effects; considering dynamic complexity in ageing process; considering social determinants of health; and conducting equity analyses. Conclusions: Holistic qualitative research can inform how commissioned falls prevention pathways can be feasible and effective. Qualitative data can inform commissioning strategies and conceptual modelling for economic evaluation of falls prevention and other geriatric interventions. This would improve the structural validity of quantitative models used to inform geriatric public health policies.
Gender Disparities in self-reported COVID-19 symptoms in young adults
Authors: Aviram Eliad , Kishner Bina , Gilad David , Avraham Yoav , Schwartz Naama , Shapira Shachar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Young adults may constitute a significant proportion of COVID-19 cases but generally experience a milder disease course. The goal of our study was to characterize symptoms of disease in a cohort of generally healthy young adults and to examine possible gender-associated disparities in their clinical manifestations.
Methods
The study was designed as a retrospective survey study. The study questionnaire was sent to all post-COVID-19 IDF service members between 30 June 2020 and 30 September 2020. Univariate and multivariable analysis adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics were employed in the statistical analysis.
Results
A total of 3247 questionnaires were sent. After removing duplicate submissions, a total of 792 questionnaires were included in the analysis. The average male age was 24.2 years old, and average female age was 21 years old. More than 99% of participants spent their recovery period from COVID-19 at home or in a dedicated IDF led COVID-19 Centre. Only 3 participants were hospitalized. Approximately 97% of participants reported at least one COVID-19 symptom, only 45.8% reported fever above 38.0ºC. Female participants reported significantly more symptoms of weakness, joint or muscle pain, rhinorrhea, dyspnea, sore throat, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting and dysgeusia. Most of these differences were maintained in the multivariable analysis. Female participants also reported increased use of medications, particularly antipyretics.
Conclusions
Our findings show a high percentage of symptomatic infection with COVID-19 and suggest young generally healthy female patients experience symptoms of increased severity and duration compared to males.
The Use of Barbed Suture for Cystotomy Repair --- A Novel Approach
Authors: Shapiro Robert E. , Sunyecz Alec , Zaslau Stanley , Vallejo Manuel C. , Crigger Chad , Dueñas-Garcia Omar F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

In this study, we aim to compare outcomes after cystotomy repair between standard sutures (910 polyglactin, poliglecaprone) versus barbed (V-Loc™ 90) suture. As a secondary outcome, we analyzed risk factors for suture preference between the two groups.
Methods

A retrospective chart review was undertaken for surgeries complicated by cystotomy, identified by ICD-9/10 codes from 2016 to 2019 at West Virginia University (WVU) Hospital. Comparisons were made between cystotomy repair using barbed suture versus standard braided suture. Injuries were categorized by procedure, surgeon specialty, surgical route, type of suture used in repair, and subsequent complications related to repair. Primary endpoints were examined by Pearson’s Chi-square test and interval data by t-test. A p < .05 was significant.
Results

Sixty-eight patients were identified with iatrogenic cystotomy at WVU. Barbed suture was used for cystotomy repair in 11/68 (16.2%) patients. No significant difference was seen in postoperative outcomes between patients repaired with barbed suture versus standard braided suture. Barbed suture was significantly more likely to be used for cystotomy repair in minimally invasive surgery (p = 0.001). It was most often utilized in a robotic approach 7/11 (63.6%) followed by laparoscopic 3/11 (27.3%). Body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in patients receiving a barbed suture repair (p = .005).
Conclusion

Barbed suture is not inferior to standard braided suture for cystotomy repair and does not cause an increase in complication rate. Barbed suture offers a practical alternative to facilitate cystotomy repair in minimally invasive surgery, especially in patients with a high BMI.
Efficacies of preoperative prism adaptation test and monocular occlusion for detecting the maximum angle of deviation in intermittent exotropia
Authors: Takada Ryota , Matsumoto Fumiko , Wakayama Akemi , Numata Takuya , Tanabe Fumi , Abe Kosuke , Kusaka Shunji 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The efficacies of prism adaptation test (PAT) and monocular occlusion (MO) and their optimal test durations to detect the maximum angles of deviation at near and distance in eyes with intermittent exotropia (IXT) were assessed and compared. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 72 patients with IXT, who had undergone the initial strabismus surgery between April 2015 and October 2018 and had been preoperatively tested by PAT and MO. The near and distance deviations measured after 30- and 60-minute PAT and MO were compared with the baseline measurements obtained immediately after prism wear and before occlusion. The measurements and the required durations for obtaining the maximum deviation angle were also compared between PAT and MO. Results: Compared with the baseline, the near deviation by PAT significantly increased after 30 (p < 0.05) and 60 (p < 0.01) minutes but not the distance deviation. Besides, the increase in the near deviation after 30 minutes was not significant. By MO, neither near nor distance deviation showed a significant difference from the baseline after 30 and 60 minutes. While the near deviations by PAT were significantly greater than those by MO at 30 and 60 minutes, a similar result was only observed at 30 minutes in the distance deviation. Conclusion: A 30-minute PAT appears to be more effective than MO in revealing the maximum angle of deviation before strabismus surgery.
Improved anticorrosive property of waterborne epoxy coating by ultrasonic blending with small amounts of polyaniline
Authors: Xu Huan-Yan , Zhang Lu , Wang Yun-Fei , Han Xu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In order to improve the anticorrosive performance of waterborne epoxy (WEP) coating, small amounts of polyaniline (PANI) were blended under ultrasonic irradiation to obtain PANI/WEP composite coatings with high dispersibility of PANI particles. The PANI/WEP composite coatings were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Their adhesive force level and hardness grade were tested based on the Chinese National Standard GB/T9286-1998 and GB/T6739-1996, respectively. These results indicated that, compared to the pristine WEP coating, the addition of PANI with suitable content could completely fill the micropores or microcracks and remarkably improve the hardness grade of composite coatings. The electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and Tafel polarization curves revealed that the addition of PANI not only could increase the impedance arc, but also could increase the impedance modulus at low frequency. Then, the salt spray tests were employed to observe the anticorrosive performance of PANI/WEP composite coatings. Finally, the enhanced anticorrosive mechanism of WEP coating by the addition of small amounts of PANI was proposed and discussed. The addition of PANI with suitable content could play an important role of physical and chemical barriers to improve the anticorrosive performance of waterborne epoxy coating.
Health System Strengthening Using Problem Solving for Better Health in Lesotho
Authors: Yoon Grace Hyojung , Ogden Shannon N , Nkabane-Nkholongo Elizabeth Limakatso , Jobo Mantoetse , McGuire Chelsea M , Malope Sebaka , Hoyt-Hudson Pamela , Smith Barry H , Jack Brian W 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Problem Solving for Better Health ® (PSBH ® ) is a system-strengthening workshop designed to empower healthcare workers (HCWs) to solve problems. We report on the perspectives of HCWs trained in PSBH to better understand the impact and challenges of PSBH in Lesotho, a country with among the highest prevalence of HIV and tuberculosis in the world.Methods HCWs who attended PSBH workshops in 2018 – 2019 were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide developed from a hybrid conceptual framework that captured the HCWs’ personal, interpersonal, and systemic levels of experience. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using the framework matrix analysis method using NVivo. Results We interviewed 22 of the 86 HCWs who participated in PSBH workshops in 2018-2019. Twenty out of 22 interview participants reported that they initiated a project that was planned during the PSBH workshop. Participants reported that PSBH provided them with a new way of viewing, addressing, and solving everyday problems that can have a tangible impact on the function of healthcare facilities and the health of the community. Trainees were motivated to see the impact of their work in their jobs and in the work of subordinates as a sustained ripple effect favoring quality improvement. Participants suggested that training of district administrative leaders in PSBH would facilitate successful dissemination and help overcome the challenge of adding more work for the already-overburdened HCWs.Conclusions HCWs in Lesotho report that PSBH assists them in solving problems in their everyday work. This led the national Ministry of Health Quality Assurance Unit to request that PSBH workshops be conducted to train Ministry personnel to allow them to oversee national dissemination of PSBH, thereby fulfilling a component of the National Quality Assurance Strategic Objectives.
Relationships between characteristics of macrobenthic assemblages and environmental variables in the Heihe River Basin, China
Authors: Wang Yu , Liu Juan-juan , Li Bao-long , Liu Wei , Zuo Yi-feng , Kong De-xing , Zhu Jia-le 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To clarify the characteristics of macrobenthic assemblages and their response to the aquatic environment in the upper and middle reaches of the Heihe River, water quality, sediments and macrobenthos measurements were conducted in the summers of 2018 and 2019. The results showed that 50 species of macrobenthos were identified, belonging to 3 phyla, 7 classes, 15 orders and 32 families, mainly arthropods (37 species) and mollusks (11 species). Argyroneta aquatica, Chlaznius sp., dragonfly nymphs, Palaemon modestus, Radix auricularia, Cyraulus albus and Suecinea sp. were the dominant species in the whole study region; most of these are pollution-tolerant and moderately pollution-tolerant species. The macrobenthos density and biomass ranged from 10 to 577 ind./m2 and from 0.0907 to 50.0562 g/m2, respectively, showing high spatial heterogeneity. Predators were the main functional feeding group. One-way analysis of variance clarified that Margalef's index and the Shannon–Wiener index differed significantly among the spatial areas (P &lt; 0.05). Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the spatial heterogeneity of the macrobenthos was affected by the water temperature and the total nitrogen and total phosphorus in sediments (P &lt; 0.05).
Application of PAFC/CPAM for the removal of ZnO nanoparticles by enhanced coagulation
Authors: You Zhaoyang , Zhao Changrong , Sun Yongjun , Zhuang Chang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To cope with the increasingly severe challenges of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in the field of the aquatic environment, this paper uses poly-aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) as coagulants to enhance the removal of ZnO-NPs from water. In two environments (pure-water environment and kaolin environment) that simulate suspended solids, we studied the dosage, pH, precipitation time, and hydraulic power of ZnO-NPs at three different initial concentrations (1, 2, and 30 mg/L). The effects of various conditions on the performance of PAFC, CPAM, and PAFC/CPAM to remove ZnO-NPs were examined. Results showed that the overall removal rate of ZnO-NPs in the kaolin environment was slightly higher than that in the pure-water environment. In contrast the removal rate of ZnO-NPs in the PAFC/CPAM was significantly higher than that of PAFC or CPAM alone. The coagulation removal conditions of ZnO-NPs were optimized using a response-surface model. Under the best conditions, the removal rate of ZnO-NPs with an initial mass concentration of 30 mg/L in the PAFC/CPAM combination in pure-water and kaolin environments was 98.54% and 99.17%, respectively. Finally, by studying the changes in floc size during coagulation, enhanced coagulation was an efficient method of removing ZnO-NPs from water.
Fe3O4-NPs/orange peel composite as magnetic heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst towards high-efficiency degradation of methyl orange
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Zhang Congcong , Tong Xiaoqiang , Zou Yunling , Li Yan , Wei Fang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMagnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs)/orange peel (MOP) composite was prepared via one-step in-situ co-precipitation method as magnetic heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst. The properties of MOP were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopes, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technologies. Its Fenton-like catalytic responses towards removal of methyl orange (MO) were investigated, in which the effects of initial dye concentration, pH, temperature and hydrogen peroxide dosage were studied. The MO degradation ratio up to 98.0% was obtained within 20 min in optimized conditions. The catalyst showed excellent catalytic stability exhibiting nearly 90% degradation ratio in the 10th cycle within 20 min, whereas pure Fe3O4-NPs showed only 62.5% in this stage. Due to the stabilization of complexing orange peel hydroxyl to iron oxide in the composite and its magnetic separation property, MOP composite exhibits excellent Fenton-like catalytic performance, which offers great prospects for low-cost and high-efficiency organic dye wastewater treatment.
Codonopsis pilosula Polysaccharides Alleviate Aβ1-40-Induced PC12 Cells Energy Dysmetabolism via CD38/NAD+ Signaling Pathway
Authors: Hu Yi R. , Xing San L. , Chen Chuan , Shen Ding Z. , Chen Jiu L. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and has a
complex pathogenesis with no effective treatment. Energy metabolism disorders, as an early pathological
event of AD,have attracted attention as a promising area of AD research. Codonopsis pilosula
Polysaccharides are the main effective components of Codonopsis pilosula, which have been
demonstrated to regulate energy metabolism.

Methods:
In order to further study the roles and mechanisms of Codonopsis pilosula
polysaccharides in AD, this study used an Aβ1-40-induced PC12 cells model to study the protective
effects of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides and their potential mechanisms in improving energy
metabolism dysfunction.

Results:
The results showed that Aβ1-40induced a decrease in PC12 cells viability, energy
metabolism molecules (ATP, NAD+, and NAD+/NADH) and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential
(MMP) and an increase in ROS. Additionally, it was found that Aβ1-40increased CD38 expression
related to NAD+ homeostasis, whereas Silent Information Regulation 2 homolog1 (SIRT1,
SIRT3), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) and SIRT3 activity
were decreased. Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides increased NAD+, NAD+/NADH, SIRT3,
SIRT1, and PGC-1α related to NAD+, thus partially recovering ATP.

Conclusions:
Our findings reveal that Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides protected PC12 cells
from Aβ1-40-induced damage, suggesting that these components of the Codonopsis pilosula herb
may represent an early treatment option for AD patients.
Risk Assessment During Longitudinal Progression of Cognition in Older Adults: A Community-based Bayesian Networks Model
Authors: Han Hongjuan , Qin Yao , Ge Xiaoyan , Cui Jing , Liu Long , Luo Yanhong , Yang Bei , Yu Hongmei 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Cognitive dysfunction, particularly in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), seriously
affects the health and quality of life of older adults. Early detection can prevent and slow cognitive
decline.

Objective:
This study aimed at evaluating the role of socio-demographic variables, lifestyle, and
physical characteristics in cognitive decline during AD progression and analyzing the probable
causes and predicting stages of the disease.

Methods:
By analyzing data of 301 subjects comprising normal elderly and patients with mild cognitive
impairment (MCI) or AD from six communities in Taiyuan, China, we identified the influencing
factors during AD progression by a Logistic Regression model (LR) and then assessed the
associations between variables and cognition using a Bayesian Networks (BNs) model.

Results:
The LR revealed that age, sex, family status, education, income, character, depression, hypertension,
disease history, physical exercise, reading, drinking, and job status were significantly
associated with cognitive decline. The BNs model revealed that hypertension, education, job status,
and depression affected cognitive status directly, while character, exercise, sex, reading, income,
and family status had intermediate effects. Furthermore, we predicted probable cognitive stages of
AD and analyzed probable causes of these stages using a model of causal and diagnostic reasoning.

Conclusion:
The BNs model lays the foundation for causal analysis and causal inference of cognitive
dysfunction, and the prediction model of cognition in older adults may help the development
of strategies to control modifiable risk factors for early intervention in AD.
Neural and Retinal Characteristics in Relation to Working Memory in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Wong Mabel N.K. , Lai Daniel W.L. , Chan Henry H.-L. , Lam Bess Y.-H. 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
This study investigated the relationship between neural activities and retinal structures
associated with working memory (WM) in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods:
Eleven older adults with MCI and 29 healthy controls (60 to 73 years old) were tested. All
participants underwent an event-related potential (ERP) recording while performing the two-back
memory task. The Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) was administered to examine
the perfusion and vessel density in the retina.

Results:
Results showed that WM performance in the MCI group was negatively associated with ERP
latencies in central parietal regions (CP6 and CP8) (ps< 0.05). The left nasal vessel and perfusion densities
were negatively correlated with the latencies in these two central parietal regions and positively
related to WM performance only in the MCI group (ps< 0.05).

Conclusion:
The findings on WM, central parietal brain activity, and left nasal vessel and perfusion
densities in the retina help us gain a better understanding of the neural and retinal underpinnings of
WM in relation to MCI.
Anti-oxidant and Anticancerous Effect of Fomitopsis officinalis (Vill. ex Fr. Bond. et
Sing) Mushroom on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells In Vitro through NF-kB Pathway
Authors: Chen Han-Chun , Altannavch Nyamsambuu , Zhou Xi , Khan Md. Asaduzzaman , Ahmed Ashfaque , Naranmandakh Shinen , Fu Jun-Jiang 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Fomitopsis officinalis (Vill. ex Fr. Bond. et Sing) is a medicinal mushroom, commonly called
‘Agarikon’; it has traditionally been used to treat cough and asthma in the Mongolian population.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to examine the significance of biological activity of F. officinalis and evaluation
of the antioxidant activity and anticancer activity of six fractions of F. officinalis residues (Fo1-powder form dissolved
in ethanol, Fo2-petroleum ether residue, Fo3-chloroformic, Fo4-ethylacetate, Fo5-buthanolic, and Fo6-waterethanolic)
against hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Methods:
We performed in vitro studies of cell proliferation and viability assay, annexin V-FITC/Propidium Iodide
assay, and NF-kB signaling pathway by immunoblot analysis.

Results:
Our findings revealed that all six fractions/extracts have antioxidant activity, and somehow, they exert anticancerous
effects against cancer cells. In cancerous cell lines (HepG2 and LO2), Fo3 chloroformic extract promoted
the cancer cell apoptosis and cell viability, activated G2/M-phase cell cycle, and selectively induced NF-kB proteins,
revealing as a novel antitumor extract.

Conclusion:
This study reports that Fo3-chloroformic extract is rich in antitumor activity, which was previously not
investigated in cancer. To develop the impact of F. officinalis among natural products to treat/prevent oxidative stress
disorders or cancers, further examinations of F. officinalis are needed to develop new natural drugs to treat cancer.
However, this study assessed only one extract, Fo3-chloroformic, which has a significant impact against cancer cell
lines.