bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-resolution based sustainable livestock management in China
Authors: Zhu Zhiping , Zhang Xiuming , Dong Hongmin , Wang Sitong , Reis Stefan , Li Yue , Gu Baojing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
China is the largest producer of livestock globally, and associated nutrient losses and greenhouse gases emission have substantially affected the environment and human health. Here we present a first detailed assessment of livestock systems using over 480,000 feedlot surveys over the period from 2007 to 2017 across China. Results indicate that China produced more livestock protein with fewer animal numbers and total pollution impacts through better breeding and feeding in large-scale feedlots over this period. Hotspots of production can be observed across the North China Plain, Northeastern China and Sichuan Basin. The Clean Water Act reduced manure nutrient losses to water by one third, while slightly increasing methane emissions over the study period. Integrated abatement measures could reduce more than half of livestock pollution in 2050, with benefits of 30 billion US dollar (USD) due to avoided human health, ecosystem and climate costs with only 6 billion USD abatement cost.
Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Consortium 5H Under Hypersaline Conditions
Authors: Jin Jiaqi , Zhang Zuotao , Han Lu , Yan Chicheng , Ding Xinxing , Sun Jiage , Cui Jingyu , Wang Chongyang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
PAHs were widely detected accumulated in saline and hypersaline environments. The halotolerant and halophilic microbes were considered as the most suitable player for the elimination of PAHs in such environments. In this study, consortium 5H was enriched under 5% salinity that was able to completely degrade phenanthrene in 5 days. By high-throughput sequencing, consortium 5H was identified mainly composed of Methylophaga, Marinobacter and Thalassospira. Combined with the investigation of intermediates and enzymatic activities, the degradation pathway of consortium 5H on phenanthrene was proposed. Meanwhile, consortium 5H was identified with ability to tolerate a wide range of salinity (1% to 10%) and initial PAHs concentration (50 mg/L to 400 mg/L). It was also able to work under neutral to week alkaline conditions (pH from 6 to 9) and the phytotoxicity of the produced intermediates showed no significant difference with distilled water. This study expanded the knowledge of PAH-degradation under hypersaline environments and consortium 5H was proposed with a good potential for the elimination of PAHs pollution under saline/hypersaline environments.
Is Nutritional Functional Diversity In The Rural Food And Nutrition System Associated With Food Security And Nutrient Adequacy? A Case Study of Rural Areas of Zahedan City, Iran
Authors: Sheikhi Mahdieh , Omidvar Nasrin , Tabatabaei Seyed Mehdi , Eini-Zinab Hassan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: An often overlooked problem in food and nutrition systems analysis is assuring adequate diversity of nutrients for healthy diet. Ntritional functional diversity (NFD) is a metric that describes diversity in providing‎ nutrients from farm fields to markets and all the way to the consumption level. The objective of this study was to determine the NFD score at different stages of rural food system, from Household’s agricultural and home production, processing, to purchased food and diet, and to explore the association between NFD and nutrient adequacy, food security and anthropometric indicators. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 321 household‎’s‎ in 6 villages of Zahedan district. The NFD score was measured at three subsystems (production, processing and consumption) of food and nutrition system. To assess the association between NFD and food and nutrition indicators, such variables as household‎’s food security, mean adequacy ratio (MAR), and anthropometric indicators of household‎’s head were also measured. Different bivariate and multivariate statistical techniques were applied to study the association between variables. Results: In rural food and nutrition system, the foods purchased from the city play the main roles in the household‎’s NFD score. Their role in NFD was twice that of the foods purchased from village. As well, NFD score of homestead production and household‎’s processing were found to be five times less than those of foods purchased from cities. The food insecure household‎’s had significantly lower NFD scores of food purchased from the city as well as higher NFD score for purchased foods from the rural market and native plants consumption. Additionally, a strong and positive relationship was observed between NFD of household‎’s diet with that of household‎’s MAR. Of note, no significant association was found between NFD score of homestead production and processing and food insecurity, MAR, and household head anthropometric. Conclusion: NFD score can serve as a good indicator in assessing the food system, which can also be used by policy makers to identify gaps in the local food and nutrition system, and plan appropriate interventions for improving diversity and addressing food insecurity.
An Approach For Drain Current Modeling Including Quantum Mechanical Effects For A DMDG Junctionless Field Effect Nanowire Transistor
Authors: Bora Nipanka 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the effects of quantum confinements on the surface potential, threshold voltage, drain current, transconductance, and drain conductance of a Dual Material Double Gate Junctionless Field Effect Nanowire Transistor (DMDG-JLFENT). The carrier energy quantization on the threshold voltage of a DMDG-JLFENT is modeled, and subsequently, other parameters like drain current were analytically presented. The QME considered here is obtained under the quantum confinement condition for an ultra-thin channel, i.e., below 10 nm of Si thickness. The threshold voltage shift due to QME can be used as a quantum correction term for compact modeling of junctionless transistors. The analytical model proposed for surface potential, threshold voltage, drain current, transconductance, and drain conductance were verified by TCAD 3-D quantum simulation results which makes it suitable for SPICE compact modeling.
Dynamic Slate Recommendation with Gated Recurrent Units and Thompson Sampling
Authors: Eide Simen , Leslie David , Frigessi Arnoldo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We consider the problem of recommending relevant content to users of an internet platform in the form of lists of items, called slates.

We introduce a variational Bayesian Recurrent Neural Net recommender system that acts on time series of interactions between the internet platform and the user, and which scales to real world industrial situations.

The recommender system is tested both online on real users, and on an offline dataset collected from a Norwegian web-based marketplace, FINN.no, that is made public for research.

This is one of the first publicly available datasets which includes all the slates that are presented to users as well as which items (if any) in the slates were clicked on.

Such a data set allows us to move beyond the common assumption that implicitly assumes that users are considering all possible items at each interaction.

Instead we build our likelihood using the items that are actually in the slate, and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches theoretically and in experiments.

We also introduce a hierarchical prior for the item parameters based on group memberships.

Both item parameters and user preferences are learned probabilistically.

Furthermore, we combine our model with bandit strategies to ensure learning,

and introduce `in-slate Thompson Sampling' which makes use of the slates to maximise explorative opportunities. We show experimentally that explorative recommender strategies perform on par or above their greedy counterparts. Even without making use of exploration to learn more effectively, click rates increase simply because of improved diversity in the recommended slates.
Simultaneous Isolation and Enumeration of Virulent Vibrio Cholerae and Vibrio Vulnificus using an Advanced MPN-PCR Method
Authors: Lee Jae-Hwa , Park Seul-Ki , Khan Fazlurrahman , Jo Du-Min , Lee Do-ha , Kang Min-Gyun , Kim Young-Mog 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus are one of the critical foodborne pathogens that need to be intensively controlled their infection as a result of the intake and distribution of seafood, especially raw oysters. For this reason, various methods have already been developed for the detection and enumeration of these bacteria. The most probable number (MPN)-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) method is commonly used with the selective-differential medium for the efficiency and convenience of cell enumeration. One of the most frequently used for the detection of Vibrio spp. is Thiosulfate-Citrate-Bile salts-Sucrose (TCBS) agar. But this selective-differential medium can fail to distinguish between V. cholerae, V. vulnificus, and Vibrio alginolyticus. For this reason, the conventional MPN-PCR method with TCBS medium for the detection of Vibrio spp. has a problem that processing PCR to the two-times. This study suggests a simple and minimized detection method using one-time PCR and non-NaCl Luria-Bertani (LB-0) medium culture. This detection method is based on the difference in salt requirement between V. cholerae and V. vulnificus. Employing the developed methodology, the simultaneous cell enumeration of V. cholerae and V. vulnificus can be possible at a low cost. Furthermore, this study proposes a new specific primer to detect virulence-related genes from V. cholerae and V. vulnificus. This advanced MPN-PCR method was verified using bioaccumulated pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) by V. cholerae and V. vulnificus.
Transcription Factors E2F2/3/4 As Possible Colorectal Cancer Prognostic Biomarkers
Authors: Wang Wen-Da , Wang Li-Chun , Liu Mao-Xi , Lu Yan-Jun , Jiang Bo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Prognostic biomarkers remain a focus in colorectal cancer during last decades. There are some studies of E2F transcription factors in different cancer. But the utility of E2F transcription factors as cancer biomarkers in colorectal cancer has not been confirmed. In this research we analyzed multiple databases and performed experimental validation of E2Fs as biomarkers. Methords: Bioinformatics analysis was the main part of this research. Besides, IHC was used to the huamn normal and tumor tissues.Results: Our study showed that the mRNA expression levels of E2F1/3/4/5/6/7/8 were significantly upregulated in carcinoma tissues, whereas E2F2 mRNA was downregulated. High E2F3/4 expression correlated with poor prognosis, whereas high E2F2 expression was correlated with good prognosis. Pathological parameters indicated that expression levels of E2F1/3/5 varied in different tumor stages; however, expression of E2F2/4/6/7/8 did not vary with tumor stage. E2F4 expression was higher in men than women. For pathological type, E2F8 expression was higher in the mucinous adenocarcinoma group compared with the adenocarcinoma group. E2F expression levels were altered in 175 of 524 patients (33%) with colorectal cancer, and the alterations of E2Fs in mucinous adenocarcinoma were more frequent than in adenocarcinoma. Cell cycle was the core function and the most enriched pathway of E2Fs. The functions of E2F2/3/4 may be regulated by some miRNAs. Conclusions: We proved that E2F2/3/4 can be used as prognostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer, and E2F2/3/4 mRNAs may be targeted by some miRNAs to influence “CELL CYCLE” pathway and exert their core functions in colorectal cancer.
Adsorption and Degradation Behavior of Six Herbicides in Different Agricultural Soils.
Authors: Sharipov Umrbek , Kočárek Martin , Jursík Miroslav , Nikodem Antonín , Borůvka Luboš 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on the assessment of herbicide adsorption and degradation in three soils (Haplic Chernozem, Haplic Fluvisol, and Arenic Regozem) from different agricultural regions of the Czech Republic where sunflower is cultivated. Soil samples were used in laboratory batch sorption and degradation experiments for six herbicides commonly used on sunflower crops. The findings are used to examine the effect of soil and herbicide properties on adsorption and degradation, as well as to determine the possible relation between the two processes. The (Kf) sorption coefficient ranged from 1.07 to 135.37 cm3/n μg1-1/n g-1, and sorption increased in order: dimethenamid-p < pethoxamid < s-metolachlor < flurochloridone < aclonifen < pendimethalin. Sorption of all six herbicides was positively correlated with organic matter content (p < 0. 001), and cation exchange capacity (p < 0.001). pH was negatively correlated with the sorption of all six compounds (p < 0.001). Degradation rates of herbicides ranged from 0. 012 to 0. 048 day-1, which corresponding to (DT50) half-lives between 14 - 57 days respectively. The longer half-lives were always found in Haplic Fluvisol with higher organic matter content. Results showed that both adsorption and degradation of herbicides is mainly controlled by soil organic matter. A negative relationship was found between the sorption coefficient and the rate of degradation. It can be concluded that the Freundlich sorption coefficient (Kf) can be a good predictor for soil degradation of the studied herbicides.
Exogenous Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Transplantation Results in Structural and Functional Recovery in a Preterm Infant Cerebral White Matter Injury Rat Model
Authors: Wang Zhaoyan , Zhang Leping , Yang Yinxiang , Wang Qian , Qu Suqing , Luan Zuo , He Zhixu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCerebral white matter injury (WMI) is the most common brain injury in preterm infants; it leads to motor and developmental deficits and is often accompanied by cognitive impairment. WMI is characterized by the loss of pre-myelinating oligodendrocytes. Regeneration therapies for preterm neonates with WMI are still in the preclinical phase, among which oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) transplantation is a promising approach. One promising approach for treating preterm infants is cell replacement therapy, in which lost cells are replaced by human OPCs (hOPCs) derived from human neural stem cells (hNSCs). MethodsIn this study, we developed a method to induce the differentiation of hNSCs into hOPCs. OLIG2+/NG2+/PDGFRα+/O4+ hOPCs were enriched and transplanted into the corpus callosum of a preterm infant WMI rat model. ResultsTransplanted hOPCs survived and migrated throughout the major white matter tracts. Morphological differentiation of transplanted hOPCs was observed. Histology and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed lesioned structural repair. Electron microscopy revealed the re-myelination of the axons in the corpus callosum. The Morris water maze test revealed a recovery of cognitive function. ConclusionsOur study showed that transplantation of hOPCs derived from hNSCs is a viable therapeutic strategy for cerebral WMI. The results of our study contribute to the further development of cell therapeutic strategies.
Structural, Morphological and thermal properties of Nano filler Produced from Date Palm-based Micro Fibers (Phoenix Dactylifera L.)
Authors: Alothman Othman Y , Shaikh H.M. , Alshammari Basheer A. , Jawaid Mohammad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this century, the development of nano-sized filler from biomass material has become the main focus of industries in achieving their final green composite product for wide range of applications. From commercial and environmental point of view, fragmentation and downsizing of waste lignocellulosic fibers without chemical treatments into small size particles is a viable option. In this study, an attempt was made to produce nano-sized lignocellulosic fillers from date palm micro fibers via simple mechanical ball milling process. The resultant nanofillers as well as the microfibers were characterized in details by various analytical techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size analysis (PSA), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to assess their structure­—property relationship. From microscopy examination, the nanofillers showed a heterogeneous mix of irregular shaped particles, and while having a size ranging of 30-110 nm in width and 1-10 mm length dimensions. Also, the crystallography analysis revealed the crystallinity had mildly declined from microfibers (71.8%) to nanofiller (68.9%) due to amorphization effect. As for thermal analysis, the nanofillers exhibited relatively stable in both heat resistance and thermos changing behavior, suggesting its suitability for composite fabrication process at high temperature. Thus, the produced nanofillers can be used as a low cost reinforcing agent in the future for versatile polymer-based composite systems.
Impact of Geophysical and Anthropogenic Factors on Wildfire Size: A Spatiotemporal Data-Driven Risk Assessment Approach Using Statistical Learning
Authors: Masoudvaziri Nima , Ganguly Prasangsha , Mukherjee Sayanti , Sun Kang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Wildfire spread is a stochastic phenomenon driven by a multitude of geophysical and anthropogenic factors. In this study, we propose a spatiotemporal data-driven risk assessment framework to understand the effect of various geophysical/anthropogenic factors on wildfire size, leveraging a systematic machine learning approach. We apply this framework in the state of California—the most vulnerable US state to wildfires. Using county-level annual wildfire data from 2001-2015, and various geophysical (e.g., landcover, wind, surface temperature) and anthropogenic features (e.g., population density, housing type), we trained, tested, and validated a suite of ensemble tree-based learning algorithms to identify and evaluate the key factors associated with wildfire size. The extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm outperformed all the other models in terms of generalization performance, categorization of important features, and risk performance. We found that standard deviations of meteorological variables with long-tailed distributions play a key role in predicting wildfire size. Specifically, the top ten factors associated with high risk of larger wildfires include larger standard deviations of surface temperature and vapor pressure deficit, higher wind gust, more grassy and barren land covers, lower night-time boundary layer height and higher population density. Our proposed risk assessment framework will help federal/state decision-makers to adequately plan for wildfire risk mitigation and resource allocation strategies.
Electrochemical Sensing Behavior of Graphdiyne Nanoflake Toward Uric Acid; A Quantum Chemical Approach
Authors: Asif Misbah , Sajid Hasnain , Ayub Khurshid , Gilani Mazhar Amjad , Akhter Mohammed Salim , Mahmood Tariq 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Though, the gas sensing applications of graphdiyne have widely reported; however, the biosensing utility of graphdiyne needs to be explored. This study deals with the sensitivity of graphdiyne nanoflake (GDY) towards the uric acid (UA) within the density functional framework. The uric acid is allowed to interact with graphdiyne nanoflake from all the possible orientations. Based on these interacting geometries, the complexes are differentiated with naming i.e., UA1@GDY, UA2@GDY, UA3@GDY and UA4@GDY (Figure 1). The essence of interface interactions of UA on GDY is derived by computing geometric, energetic, electronic and optical properties. The adsorbing affinity of complexes is evaluated at ωB97XD/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. The stabilities of the complexes are quantified through the interaction energies (Eint) with reasonable accuracy. The calculated Eint of the UA1@GDY, UA2@GDY, UA3@GDY and UA4@GDY complexes are -31.13, -25.87, -20.59 and -16.54 kcal/mol, respectively. In comparison with geometries, it is revealed that the higher stability of complexes is facilitated by π-π stacking. Other energetic analyses including symmetry adopted perturbation theory (SAPT0), noncovalent interaction index (NCI) and quantum theory of atoms in molecule (QTAIM) provided the evidence of dominating dispersion energy in stabilizing the resultant complexes. The HOMO-LUMO energies, NBO charge transfer and UV-vis analysis justify the higher electronic transition in UA1@GDY, plays a role of higher sensitivity of GDY towards the π-stacked geometries over all other possible interaction orientations. The present findings bestow the higher sensitivity of GDY towards uric acid via π-stacking interactions.
Chest CT and Clinical Features of COVID-19 Patients in the Early Stage of the Epidemic: An Observational Study from China
Authors: Zeng Mei , Jian Xiangdong , Zhong Ning , Li Yu , Hu Zhao , Fei Jianchun , Hou Xinguo , Meng Fanli , Li Tao , Li Yuan , Qiao Yun , Zhang Yi , Bai Wenwu , Sun Huaibin , Meng Xiao , Yang Shaozhong , Bian Yuan , Wang Hao , Yu Xueyuan , Yu Guangcai , Jian Tianzi , Sun Cece , Liu Ya , Sun Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 had caused more than 2.8 million deaths globally, and the epidemic will persist for an extended period of time. We analyzed clinical features of patients in the early stage of the epidemic, so as to deepen the understanding of the disease.Methods: In this retrospective study, we included 84 confirmed cases of COVID-19 during February 1, 2020 and March 31, 2020. Baseline data were used to classify patients as moderate (57%) or severe/critical based on Chinese protocol. We focused on analyzing the differences in chest computed tomography (CT) between the two groups. Results: Of the 84 cases, 50 were male and the median age was 69 years. 55 (65%) patients had comorbidities at admission, more in the severe/critical group (P=0.040). 94% patients had bilateral lesions on CT, up to 68% had lesions involving all lobes. Ground glass opacification (GGO) (96%), consolidation (44%), Linear opacities (50%) and Air bronchogram (23%) were the mainly lesions. The lesion was gradually absorbed over time, but imaging abnormalities can persist for a long time. Compared with moderate cases, the severe/critical group had more pulmonary consolidation changes (P=0.044) and significantly higher CT severity Score (CTSS) (P=0.040). Lymphocyte counts were significantly lower (P=0.011) and NLR were higher (P=0.029) in severe/critical cases. Conclusions: Chest CT showed bilateral and multiple GGO and consolidation mainly. After treatment, pulmonary lesions were gradually absorbed over time, and imaging abnormalities can be persistent for a long time. Lung consolidation, CTSS, comorbidity, lymphocyte counts, and NLR may be predictors of severe COVID-19.
Male Mate Choice in Mosquitofish: Personality Outweighs Body Size
Authors: Li Chunlin , Zhang Xinyu , Cui Peng , Zhang Feng , Zhang Baowei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite its important implications in behavioural and evolutionary ecology, male mate choice has been little studied, and the relative contribution of personality and morphological traits remains largely unknown. Using standard two-choice mating trials, we studied whether personality traits (i.e. shyness and activity) and body size of both sexes affect mate choice in male mosquitofish Gambusia affinis.
Results
Both shyness and activity in males were significantly repeatable and constituted a behavioural syndrome. No overall directional preference for large (or small) females with the same activity levels was detected because larger males preferred larger females and smaller males chose smaller females. However, males spent more time associating with active females regardless of their body lengths and had an enhanced preference for inactive females when they increased activity levels. We also found that more proactive (bolder and more active) males had stronger preferences for more active females.
Conclusions
Our study supports the importance of body size in male mate choice but highlights that personality traits may outweigh body size preferences when males choose mating partners.