bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of biopreparations on the postnatal period of highly productive cows
Authors: Semenov V G , Simurzina E P , Kondruchina S G , Tyurin V G , Kuznetsov A F , Sofronov V G , Volkov A H , Mudarisov R M , Kulmakova N I , Musaev S A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article describes the results of comparative studies on the influence of new immunostimulants on the course of postnatal recovery of the cows under conditions of intensive milk production technology. Injections of PS-2 (group 1) and Prevention-N-E (group 2) at a dose of 10 ml forty, twenty and ten days before calving, and a injection of PDE at a dose of 20 ml with E-Selenium of 10 ml (group 3) twenty days before calving prevent the occurrence of obstetric and gynecological pathology, improve reproductive qualities, as compared to the control group, where no biologicals were injected. This fact impacts the acceleration of the first heat onset by 13.7-21.1 days, the conception rate by 0.5-0.7 times, the service period by 16-29.9 days. A positive effect of the tested agents on metabolic processes, morphological and biochemical blood parameters, nonspecific immunological reactivity of the organism was also established. All these factors led to an increase in milk productivity for 305 days of lactation by 186-478 kg, at the same time, milk quality indicators improved correspondingly. Thus, biological preparations PS-2 and Prevention-N-E are highly effective means of preventing obstetric and gynecological pathology.
Improving the quality of broiler meat when using sea buckthorn meal in feed
Authors: Seregin I G , Kozak S S , Semenov V G , Kozak Yu A , Boronin V V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sea buckthorn berries and products of their processing, including meal, have certain prospects in improving broiler meat production. The present paper contains materials on feeding broilers with sea buckthorn meal in the amount of 0.4-0.6% of the basic diet of chickens. Meal was added to the feed of broilers starting with Day 14 and up to Day 49 of age. The feed intake (basic diet), clinical condition of chickens, daily weight gains and preslaughter live weight were considered. The study was carried out by comparing to the group of chickens of the same age that received additional 0.4-0.6% feed instead of 0.4-0.6% of sea buckthorn meal. At the age of 49 day s all chickens were slaughtered for further study of meat characteristics comparing to meat of broilers of the control group. The use of sea buckthorn meal in feeds during 35 days in the amount of about 0.6% of the basic diet provided1 1% increase of daily weight gain of broilers compared to the control group and improved consumer as well as veterinary and sanitary meat characteristics.
Influence of the probiotic preparation Immunoflor on the physiological status of a young chicken of a productive herd of egg cross
Authors: Semenov V G , Boronin V V , Kosyaev N I , Kozak S S , Ivanov N G , Ivanova R N , Ivanova E N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of studies of the effectiveness of the use of the complex probiotic preparation Immunoflor in young hens of egg cross. In the course of the research work, it was found that the use of the probiotic preparation Immunoflor does not affect the clinical and physiological state of the body of young chickens, but at the same time reduces the incidence, mortality and increases the safety of the chickens by enriching and balancing the poultry diet, reducing the conversion feed, optimization of digestion, stimulation of the development of positive microflora in the gastrointestinal tract. The use of the complex probiotic preparation Immunoflor in the diet of young chickens at a dose of 15 g/t of water and 15 g/t of feed contributes to an increase in the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and hemoglobin concentration, activation of cellular and humoral factors of nonspecific resistance of the body of chickens, providing a normal physiological state and homeostasis.
Development of the technology of production of cheese ‘Suluguni’ for farms
Authors: Larionov G , Kayukovab O , Semenov V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of the research is the development of a technology for the production of ‘Suluguni’ cheese for farms from milk of cows. Investigations of the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of cows’ milk were carried out using by ultrasonic method. It was found that the mass fraction of protein in milk is 3.19±0.02%, fat is from 4.32±0.06% to 5.07±0.08%. For the production of cheese, milk was standardized. The protein content in normalized milk is 3.37±0.02%, fat - 2.84±0.03%. The ratio of the mass fraction of protein and fat in normalized milk was 1.00:1.19. It was found that the milk of cows meets the requirements for raw materials for the production of cheese. We have developed a technology for the production of brine cheese ‘Suluguni’, which consists of the following operations: receiving milk, preparing milk for making cheese, fermenting, curdling and processing the curd, setting grain, drying, cheddaring, melting, forming a cheese head, salting, storing, transportation and sale of products. Cheese meets the requirements for organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological indicators. The research results make it possible to recommend to farms the technology for the production of ‘Suluguni’ cheese with cheddaring and thermomechanical processing of the cheese mass.
Effect of FW conditions on mechanical and microstructural characteristic of AA6061/SiC/Graphite hybrid composites joint by empirical relationship
Authors: Senthilkumar J , M Bakkiyaraj , Balasubramanian M , Loganathan T G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Friction welded AA6061 matrix hybrid composite joints were investigated to understand the process effect on the metallurgical properties with the aid of empirical relationships. SiC of 10% with the standard particle size of 25 μm and 5% graphite with the particle size of 30 μm were added into the AA6061 matrix. The investigation has 20 sets of experiments as per the matrix designed. Each process condition, namely rotation speed (N), upset load (F), and upset time (T), as well as their impact on joint properties, were investigated individually, with the estimated tensile strength correlated to their corresponding metallographic properties. The observation of this study concludes that the disparity in grain size is mainly affected by the availability of heat sources and the plasticized material during the friction stage and it is highly influenced by rotation speed. Furthermore, the lower level parameters produce the defective joint while the higher level parameters are attributed to ejecting the extensive amount of hot material from the joint interface. Finer reduction in grain size of 1.5 μm and ample plasticized material consolidation at the optimized welding conditions of 1600 rpm rotation speed, 3.5 kN upset load, and 4 s upset time were attributed to achieving the maximum tensile strength of 167 MPa.
In vitro modified microdosimetric kinetic model–based predictions for B14-150 cells survival in 450 MeV/u carbon ion beam with aluminum ridge filter for biologically optimized spread-out Bragg peak
Authors: Solovev Aleksei , Troshina Marina , Pikalov Vladimir , Saburov Vyacheslav , Chernukha Aleksandr , Moiseev Aleksandr , Koryakina Ekaterina , Potetnya Vladimir , Koryakin Sergey , Soldatov Aleksandr , Kaprin Andrey 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The relative biological efficiency of particle irradiation could be predicted with a wide variety of radiobiological models for various end-points. We validate the forecast of modified Microdosimetric Kinetic Model in vitro using combined data of reference Co-60 radiation and carbon ion plateau data for specific cell line to optimize the survival function in spread-out Bragg Peak obtained with an especially designed ridge filter. We used Geant4 Monte-Carlo software to simulate the fragment contribution along Bragg curve inside water phantom, open-source toolkit Survival to predict the expected linear-quadratic model parameters for each fragment, and in-house software to form the total survival curve in spread-out Bragg Peak. The irradiation was performed at U-70 synchrotron with an especially designed Aluminum ridge filter under the control of PTW and in-house ionization chambers. The cell clonogenic assay was conducted with the B14–150 cell line. The data analysis was accomplished using scipy and CERN ROOT. The clonogenic assay represents the survival in spread-out Bragg Peak at different points and qualitatively follows the modeled survival curve very well. The quantitative difference is within 3σ, and the deviation might be explained by the uncertainties of physical modeling using Monte-Carlo methods. Overall, the obtained results are promising for further usage in radiobiological studies or carbon ion radiotherapy. Shaping the survival curve in the region of interest (i.e., spread-out Bragg Peak) is a comprehensive task that requires high-performance computing approaches. Nevertheless, the method’s potential application is related to the development of next-generation treatment planning systems for ion beams. This can open a wide range of improvements in patient treatment outcome, provide new optimized fractionation regimes or optimized dose delivery schemes, and serve as an entrance point to the translational science approach.
Parasitic plant, from inside out: endophytic development inLathrophytum peckoltii(Balanophoraceae) in host liana roots from tribe Paullineae (Sapindaceae)
Authors: Pellissari Lauany C O , Teixeira-Costa Luiza , Ceccantini Gregorio , Tamaio Neusa , Cardoso Leandro J T , Braga João M A , Barros Claudia F 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsBalanophoraceae is one of the most bizarre and biologically interesting plant clades. It groups species with peculiar features that offers an opportunity for investigating several aspects of parasite plant development and morphogenesis. We analysed the development and the mature vegetative body of Lathrophytum peckoltii Eichler, focusing on the formation of the host–parasite interface. Additionally, we analysed how this parasitic interaction causes modifications to the anatomy of Paullinia uloptera Radlk and Serjania clematidifolia Cambess host roots.MethodsVegetative bodies of the parasite at different developmental stages were collected while infesting the roots of Sapindaceae vines. Non-parasitized host roots were also collected for comparison. Light, epifluorescence, confocal and scanning electron microscopy were used for the analysis.Key ResultsThe initial cells of the vegetative axis divide repeatedly, originating a parenchymatous matrix, which occupies the space from the cortex to the vascular cylinder of the host’s root. In the peripheral layers of the matrix, located near the xylem of the host’s roots, a few cells initiate the process of wall lignification, originating the parasitic bundle. The vascular cambium of the host’s root changes the division plane and becomes composed of fusiform initials, forming the vascular bundle. The vegetative axis presents a dermal tissue similar to a phellem, a parenchymatous matrix and a vascular system with different origins.ConclusionThe parasite reproduces by endophytic development, in a manner similar to that observed for endoparasites. The strategy of late cell differentiation could aid the parasite in avoiding early detection and triggering of defence responses by the host. This development causes changes to the host root cambial activity, leading to the establishment of direct, vessel to vessel connection between host and parasite. We associate these changes with the cambium modularity and an influx of parasite-derived hormones into the host cambium.
Maritime Territorial Disputes in Asia and the Relaxation of Cold War Tensions: The Case of Dokdo and the 1965 Japan-Korea Normalization Agreements
Authors: Schwartz Thomas A , Yoo John 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article continues the legal and historical inquiry into the dispute between Japan and Korea over Dokdo, an island that sits in the sea between the two nations, by examining the 1965 normalization agreement between Japan and Korea. Japan has argued that the agreement, in which Japan provided economic aid to Korea, settled all outstanding claims stemming from World War II between the nations, including those over territory. We analyze the meaning of international agreements by combining traditional international legal analysis with U.S. archival records, the standard tools of diplomatic history. Our conclusion from these materials is consistent with our earlier work on the 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty. The face of the 1965 Agreement does not mention Dokdo. There are no supplemental materials to the agreement from the parties that expressly address the island. Under standard approaches to international legal interpretation, we cannot read a text to resolve an issue that it does not specifically address. Because it did not seek to change the legal status of the island, the 1965 Agreement merely requires that the analysis fall back to the 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty, which itself did not seek to change the status quo as it existed before 1905. American diplomatic materials confirm this reading of the 1965 Agreement. The United States played an all-important role in Asian security affairs. After the Korean War, U.S. leaders in the Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson administrations wanted Korea and Japan to cooperate on security issues. American leaders believed that rehabilitating Japan and encouraging Japanese aid to Korea would reduce U.S. defense burdens in Asia and support more self-sufficiency on the part of its two closest Asian allies. The U.S. sought to defer any issues that might disrupt an agreement. The United States had pursued a similar kick-the-can-down-the-road strategy in the 1951 Peace Treaty. Dokdo became one of those intractable issues that the United States successfully excluded from the 1965 Agreement and left its resolution to the future.
Frank Ramsey’s place in the history of mathematical economics: not what you think
Authors: Duarte Pedro G , Misak Cheryl 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Frank Ramsey is a towering figure in economics. His two papers published in the 1920s are responsible for his reputation as a pioneer in mathematical economics. Economists and historians of economics disagree on how to read Ramsey. One point of contention is whether he introduced the use of a representative agent or instead employed a social welfare function. We intend to clarify this question by further complicating it. It is clear from archival materials, including a previously undiscovered paper (‘Mathematical Economics’), that he was not a trailblazer in mathematical analyses of economic questions. Ramsey was a socialist who was inclined to theories of value and psychology that went beyond utility. He struggled with the tension between what is good for the individual and what is good for society. He was sure that utilitarian psychology was not an accurate basis for economics and he was sceptical of its idealizations.
Mortality analysis of arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries with and without ventricular septal defect
Authors: Kitamura Soichiro , Tachimori Hisateru , Murakami Arata , Kawata Hiroaki , Ichikawa Hajime , Miyata Hiroaki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We aimed to evaluate the 90-day mortality and effect of rescue or urgent coronary revascularization in children undergoing arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries with and without ventricular septal defect.

METHODS
The 90-day mortality, risk factors for mortality and outcome of rescue or urgent coronary revascularization were analysed using 8 years of data from the Japan Cardiovascular Surgical Database. We only included patients with full data for all analyses.

RESULTS
A total of 1084 patients (median weight: 3.0 kg; interquartile range: 2.8–3.3) underwent arterial switch operation at a median age of 10 days (interquartile range: 7–14). The 90-day mortality (5.2%, n = 56) was ∼1.6-fold higher than 30-day mortality (3.2%, n = 35). The cause was cardiac origin in 84% of non-survivors. Fifty-nine of the 1034 patients (5.7%) required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), with successful weaning in 44% (n = 26). Univariable or multivariable analyses revealed the following risk factors for mortality: body weight at operation &lt;2.5 kg, aortic cross-clamp time, cardiac events and ECMO (P &lt; 0.005–0.001). Ventricular septal defect was not a risk factor.
Thirteen patients (1.2%) had either rescue or urgent coronary revascularization with salvage rates of 25% (2/8) and 100% (5/5), respectively. Only 5 ECMO patients (8%) underwent coronary revascularization with 1 survivor.

CONCLUSIONS
The 90-day mortality represented perioperative outcomes better than 30-day mortality. Patients on ECMO, which extended the survival time, had 56% 90-day mortality. Coronary revascularization showed a salvaging effect, although the case number was small.
Repair with annuloplasty only of balanced bileaflet mitral valve prolapse with severe regurgitation
Authors: Raanani Ehud , Schwammenthal Ehud , Moshkovitz Yaron , Cohen Hillit , Kogan Alexander , Peled Yael , Sternik Leonid , Ram Eilon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Repair of severe mitral valve and mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients with degenerative bileaflet pathology can be challenging. Initial results with a ring-only repair (ROR) approach have shown promising results, but long-term outcomes in larger series are lacking. We report on outcomes of ROR in severe MR secondary to bileaflet prolapse, including Barlow’s disease.

METHODS
Eighty patients with degenerative multi-segment bileaflet disease underwent ROR for severe MR with a predominantly central regurgitant jet indicating balanced bileaflet prolapse. The main outcome measure of this study was long-term recurrent MR probability. Secondary outcomes were late mortality, reoperation and in-hospital complications.

RESULTS
The mean age was 53 ± 15 years and 54% were males. The mean ejection fraction was 59.2 ± 6.6, 24% and 40% had atrial fibrillation. Barlow’s disease was found in 77% of the patients. Minimally invasive surgery was performed in 15 patients (19%). There were no perioperative mortalities or cerebrovascular events in the entire cohort. Post-repair mild outflow tract obstruction (systolic anterior motion) was observed in 4 patients (5%) after ROR. In a mean follow-up of 60 ± 48 months, there was 1 case of death. At follow-up, there was 1 (1%) reoperation due to recurrent MR, and 4 patients who had recurrent moderate or more MR. The 10-year freedom from recurrent MR was 97%. None had severe MR at the latest follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with severe MR and a central regurgitant jet secondary to balanced multi-segment bileaflet mitral valve prolapse, ROR is a simple and efficient approach providing excellent long-term results without a substantial risk of systolic anterior motion.
Political Trust and Policy Demand in Changing Welfare States: Building Normative Support and Easing Reform Acceptance?
Authors: Goubin Silke , Kumlin Staffan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHow does generalized political trust affect policy demand in changing welfare states? We simultaneously consider two possible effects. First, trust may buttress normative support, as measured by well-known items on general support for redistribution and ‘government responsibility’ in specific areas. Secondly, political trust may ease concrete reform acceptance in the context of fiscal pressure. This proposition becomes increasingly relevant as welfare states change in ways not directly addressed by traditional survey measures. We develop hypotheses about how different dimensions of normative support and reform acceptance may be unequally affected by political trust. We analyse primary three-wave panel data in a field dominated by cross-sectional analysis. The data offer standard measures of trust and support, and a new multidimensional question battery tapping reform acceptance. We find cross-sectional and longitudinal support for hypotheses predicting that political trust buttresses normative support for horizontally redistributive policies (but as hypothesized not for ‘life-course’ policies). In contrast, there is quite some cross-sectional but little longitudinal support for effects on reform acceptance. Possible exceptions involve some of the more contentious reform types and, in particular, reforms that raise user fees and taxation.
160 The obesity paradox in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Favilli Marco , Morrone Doralisa , Gentile Francesco , Guarini Giacinta , Morganti Riccardo , De Caterina Raffaele 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m2. Obesity has been established as an independent risk factor for new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF). Despite the association between obesity and major cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes, some studies showed that obesity may have a protective effect on AF-related outcomes, leading to the controversial concept of the ‘obesity paradox’. We carried out a systematic review to explore the ‘obesity paradox’, providing an overview of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and the impact of BMI on AF-related outcomes.

Methods and results
We performed an extensive literature search, from 2000 up to 2021, using the PubMed database, with two independent reviewers (M. F. and F.G.). Discrepancies were resolved by consensus with a senior researcher (D.M.). Studies were eligible if they were RCTs and included outcome comparisons (cardiovascular death, all death, stroke, and major bleeding) with allocation to BMI. We excluded from the analysis trials in which the number of events was not reported. The effect measures of each included study were calculated and reported as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), visually presented in forest plots. A total of 683 studies were available for the analysis; 74 records were included after reading the title; after full reading 8 studies were eligible to be analysed. The meta-analysis of the eight selected randomized controlled clinical trials demonstrated a significantly lower risk of stroke or systemic embolism and all causes of death in obese patient (Figures 1 and 2). A meta-analysis on cardiovascular mortality was not conducted because this was reported only for three trials.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis demonstrated lower stroke and death risk with increasing BMI. Our meta-analysis included only data from RCTs. Observational studies rendered more conflicting results. Because of the few studies included, these apparently protective effects of obesity on the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation should still be interpreted with caution.