bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between plant nutrients, the development of Huanglongbing and abnormal growth symptoms in navel orange
Authors: Dong Z.‐H. , Low W. , K. Srivastava A. , Liu X.‐D. , Riaz M. , Tan Q.‐L. , Sun X.‐C. , Hu C.‐X. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Huanglongbing (HLB) causes extensive damage in citrus orchards worldwide. Symptoms include blotchy mottle leaf (BML) and little leaf chlorosis (LLC), and nutrient deficiency usually occurs concurrently. However, the relationship between plant mineral content and infection with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is not clearly established.

We sampled 7‐month‐old autumn shoots with three characteristic phenotypes, asymptomatic leaf (AL), BML and LLC, representing HLB disease progression, and further divided samples into CLas‐infected and uninfected based on PCR analysis.

HLB infection decreased transfer coefficients of Mg and K from leaf to phloem tissues through regulation of the transporter genes Cs3g03790.1 and PtrMGT5, increasing the content of leaf Mg and K. HLB infection also decreased leaf Zn, xylem Ca and phloem Ca and Zn content. Leaf Ca, Mg, Zn and B content decreased while leaf K content increased significantly as symptoms progressed from AL to LLC. The transport of P from leaf to phloem tissue, as evaluated by the transfer coefficient, was regulated by the transporter CsiPT2, resulting in irregular levels of leaf P.

Our results provide insights into the nutrient dynamics in Citrus in response to CLas infection and the progression of HLB symptoms.
A Framework that Considers the Impacts of Time, Cost, and Uncertainty in the Determination of the Cost Effectiveness of Toxicity‐Testing Methodologies
Authors: Price Paul S. , Hubbell Bryan J. , Hagiwara Shintaro , Paoli Greg M. , Krewski Daniel , Guiseppi‐Elie Annette , Gwinn Maureen R. , Adkins Norman L. , Thomas Russell S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRegulatory agencies are required to evaluate the impacts of thousands of chemicals. Toxicological tests currently used in such evaluations are time‐consuming and resource intensive; however, advances in toxicology and related fields are providing new testing methodologies that reduce the cost and time required for testing. The selection of a preferred methodology is challenging because the new methodologies vary in duration and cost, and the data they generate vary in the level of uncertainty. This article presents a framework for performing cost‐effectiveness analyses (CEAs) of toxicity tests that account for cost, duration, and uncertainty. This is achieved by using an output metric—the cost per correct regulatory decision—that reflects the three elements. The framework is demonstrated in two example CEAs, one for a simple decision of risk acceptability and a second, more complex decision, involving the selection of regulatory actions. Each example CEA evaluates five hypothetical toxicity‐testing methodologies which differ with respect to cost, time, and uncertainty. The results of the examples indicate that either a fivefold reduction in cost or duration can be a larger driver of the selection of an optimal toxicity‐testing methodology than a fivefold reduction in uncertainty. Uncertainty becomes of similar importance to cost and duration when decisionmakers are required to make more complex decisions that require the determination of small differences in risk predictions. The framework presented in this article may provide a useful basis for the identification of cost‐effective methods for toxicity testing of large numbers of chemicals.
Sedimentology of a hypertidal point bar (Mont‐Saint‐Michel Bay, north‐western France) revealed by combining lidar time‐series and sedimentary core data
Authors: Cosma Marta , Lague Dimitri , D’Alpaos Andrea , Leroux Jerome , Feldmann Baptiste , Ghinassi Massimiliano 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntertidal meanders developed on salt marshes are known to expand and produce inclined heterolithic stratification rich in fine‐grained sediments and to bear evidence for rhythmic deposition in the upper part of the inner meander bend (i.e. the upper part of the point bar). This occurs because the lower point‐bar deposits are washed by strong currents, which remove mud drapes and develop discontinuous record of tidal cycles. Although these criteria are widely accepted, facies models for tidal point bars still lack a three‐dimensional perspective and overlook the along‐bend variability of sediment distribution. The present study focuses on a hypertidal point bar belonging to the upper‐intertidal domain of the Mont‐Saint‐Michel Bay (France), and it analyses the sedimentology of a 3D time‐framed accretionary package formed between 28 March 2012 and 29 November 2012 by means of lidar topographic data, geomorphological field surveys and sedimentological core data. To define the 3D time‐framed accretionary package, data from thirteen lidar (light detection and ranging) topographic surveys were used to create the point‐bar synthetic stratigraphy. Data show that over the study period the point bar expanded alternating deposition along its seaward and landward sides, pointing out the occurrence of depositional patterns more complex than a simple progressive expansion of the bend. The thickest deposits were accumulated in the point‐bar‐apex zone, where the largest amount of mud was also stored. High sediment accretion in the bend‐apex zone is ascribed to the development of low‐energy conditions due to flow and bed configuration. High accretion rate of the point‐bar‐apex zone promoted also a better preservation of rhythmites, which are almost missing from deposits accumulated along the point‐bar sides. This study remarks that preservation of mud and tidal rhythmites within intertidal‐point‐bar deposits is controlled, not only by their elevation with respect to the tidal range, but also by their location along the point bar.
Nearshore microfossil assemblages in a Caribbean reef environment show variable rates of recovery following Hurricane Irma
Authors: Mitchell Stephen , Pilarczyk Jessica E. , Spiske Michaela , Jaffe Bruce 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModern microfossil distributions reflect site‐specific habitats and provide an opportunity to assess sediment transport pathways in the nearshore environment. When applied to overwash deposits in the geological record, they provide insight into sediment provenance and transport, factors important for understanding patterns of frequency and intensity of past storms and tsunamis. Modern distribution studies are rare and often the first established ones occur immediately after an overwash event as part of a post‐event field survey. This is problematic because it is unclear what effect overwash events have on nearshore microfossil assemblages and what time interval is necessary for them to return to pre‐event conditions. This study documents the impacts of Hurricane Irma on nearshore sediments off the coast of Anegada, British Virgin Islands, using distributions of Homotrema rubrum, an encrusting foraminifer with a defined provenance in coral reefs. At four sampling intervals spanning two years, from six months pre‐Hurricane Irma to eighteen months after, surface sediment was collected from three transects on the northern and southern shores of the island. Partitioning Around Medoids cluster analysis revealed that Hurricane Irma introduced an influx of well‐preserved fragments into the reef flat and made the sediments more uniform, limiting the foraminifer’s utility as a known sediment transport indicator. The mixing of sediments along the two northern transects (reef proximal) persisted for seven to eighteen months before returning to near pre‐hurricane conditions. However, the southern transect (absence of reef), where Homotrema rubrum concentrations are significantly less, failed to recover within the time period assessed by this study, indicating a variable recovery period between Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea facing shorelines. Results from this study suggest that a waiting period of at least eighteen months after a major storm is recommended before collecting surface sediment from the nearshore environments of reef‐dominated coastlines.
Global gendered anti‐Black belonging and racial ideology
Authors: Curington Celeste Vaughan , Bailey‐Hall Miara 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe review theorizations of gendered anti‐Blackness and the scholarship on the politics of belonging. Bridging together this literature, we propose gendered anti‐Black non‐belonging as an alternative framework for addressing African descendant women's expressions and realities of belonging in the United States and Portugal. We select these two cases for their remarkably distinct—yet related—racial ideologies of the state. In the United States, colorblindness is the main ideology of the state whereas in Portugal anti‐racial ideology pervades. As we will highlight, the experiences of belonging among African descendant women in the United States and Portugal challenge the veracity of these racial ideologies which work to render gendered anti‐Black oppression invisible. In both cases, anti‐Black non‐belonging means that African descendant women are vulnerable to gendered state violence and racist practices impacting their individual and group belonging; as a result, the right for Black bodies to be in a particular place and space is constantly contested, and, often, violently regulated and disciplined. Yet, anti‐Black belonging is both a matter of oppression and resistance. African‐descendant women draw from their everyday knowledge of domination to employ resistance. In doing so, as we will argue, they rewrite the national narrative of race, gender and belonging in Portugal and the United States.
Group over need: Convergence in the influence of recipient characteristics on children's sharing in Iran and Canada
Authors: Keshvari Fatemeh , Hartlin Stephanie , Capozzi‐Davis Olivia , Moore Chris , Corbit John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChildren are remarkably concerned with fairness, yet social evaluations often lead to partiality in fairness behavior. For instance, children share more generously with in‐group peers and allocate resources based on the material need of recipients. The goal of the present study was to examine how children developing in Canada and Iran privilege group status and recipient need when allocating resources. We assigned children (5–6 years of age) from Canada (n = 42) and Iran (N = 46) to teams using the minimal group paradigm and allowed them to allocate resources between themselves and recipients who varied in terms of need (high and low) and group status (in‐group and out‐group). No effect of recipient need was found in either society. In both societies, children were not impacted by need, but were more likely to give up a personal advantage and allocate resources equally with in‐group recipients. Our findings reveal convergence across diverse societies in the influence of in‐group bias on children's resource allocation decisions.
Wilful Non‐Compliance and the Threat of Disintegration in the EU’s Legal Order
Authors: Scicluna Nicole 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on the problem of wilful non‐compliance with EU law and the threat it poses of (partial) disorderly disintegration within the EU’s legal order. Taking the example of migration and asylum policy following on from the 2015 migration crisis, I positdifferentiated integration (DI), which occurs through processes that are formally mediated and collective, andnon‐compliance, which is unmediated and unilateral, as alternative strategies for member states which are unwilling to accept further integrative steps. While DI does carry costs, including the risk of legal fragmentation, I argue that it is a valuable tool for pre‐empting wilful non‐compliance – a phenomenon which both exposes and compounds the normative limits of EU law and is, consequently, more corrosive of the EU’s legal order. Thus, the article suggests that the EU ought to be more open to DI, especially when legislating in policy areas that are highly politicised.
Does marriage protect mental health? Evidence from the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Jace Clara E. , Makridis Christos A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUsing weekly variation from April 23 to June 23 2020, we exploit the surge in unemployment over the coronavirus pandemic to identify the effects on mental health outcomes and the role of marital status as a protective factor for households. We find that married respondents are 1–2 percentage points less likely, relative to their unmarried counterparts, to experience mental health problems following declines in work‐related income since the start of the pandemic. Our results suggest that the combination of intrafamily substitution and the psychological benefits of marriage helps insure against unanticipated fluctuations in job and income loss.
Rhythmic neuronal activities of the rat nucleus of the solitary tract are impaired by high‐fat diet – implications for daily control of satiety
Authors: Chrobok Lukasz , Klich Jasmin D , Sanetra Anna M , Jeczmien‐Lazur Jagoda S , Pradel Kamil , Palus‐Chramiec Katarzyna , Kepczynski Mariusz , Piggins Hugh D , Lewandowski Marian H 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTemporal partitioning of daily food intake is crucial for survival and involves the integration of internal circadian states and external influences such as the light–dark cycle and dietary composition. These intrinsic and extrinsic factors are interdependent with misalignment of circadian rhythms promoting body weight gain, while consumption of a calorie‐dense diet elevates the risk of obesity and blunts circadian rhythms. Recently, we defined the circadian properties of the dorsal vagal complex of the brainstem, a structure implicated in the control of food intake and autonomic tone, but whether and how 24 h rhythms in this area are influenced by diet remains unresolved. Here we focused on a key structure of this complex, the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). We used a combination of immunohistochemical and electrophysiological approaches together with daily monitoring of body weight and food intake to interrogate how the neuronal rhythms of the NTS are affected by a high‐fat diet. We report that short‐term consumption of a high‐fat diet increases food intake during the day and blunts NTS daily rhythms in neuronal discharge. Additionally, we found that a high‐fat diet dampens NTS responsiveness to metabolic neuropeptides, and decreases orexin immunoreactive fibres in this structure. These alterations occur without prominent body weight gain, suggesting that a high‐fat diet acts initially to reduce activity in the NTS to disinhibit mechanisms that suppress daytime feeding.
imageKey points
The dorsal vagal complex of the rodent hindbrain possesses intrinsic circadian timekeeping mechanisms
In particular, the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is a robust circadian oscillator, independent of the master suprachiasmatic clock
Here, we reveal that rat NTS neurons display timed daily rhythms in their neuronal activity and responsiveness to ingestive cues
These daily rhythms are blunted or eliminated by a short‐term high‐fat diet, together with increased consumption of calories during the behaviourally quiescent day
Our results help us better understand the circadian control of satiety by the brainstem and its malfunctioning under a high‐fat diet
Effects of 12-week full body resistance exercise on vertical jumping with and without military equipment in Slovenian Armed Forces
Authors: Kozinc Žiga , Šarabon N , Kovčan B , Simenko J , Pori P , Vodičar J , Hadzic V 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionJumping ability is one of the most important physical qualities in military personnel. Previous training intervention studies have shown equivocal effects on jumping ability. In this study, we assessed the effect of a 12-week resistance exercise programme on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance with and without military equipment.MethodsNinety-six members of the Slovenian Armed Forces (age range 20–47 years) were allocated to the intervention (n=65) and the control (n=32) group. The intervention group performed 2 sessions of full body resistance exercise per week for 12 weeks, while the control group continued with their regular training routine. Before and after the intervention, CMJ assessment using force plates was conducted with and without military equipment.ResultsCMJ testing with and without equipment both exhibited high to excellent relative and absolute reliability. The intervention elicited statistically significant (p=0.011–0.026; η2=0.05–0.06), but small improvements in CMJ height when performed without equipment (from 28.2±3.8 cm to 29.5±3.3 cm) and with equipment (from 25.3±3.7 cm to 27.1±6.1). Other variables showed even smaller or trivial changes.ConclusionsThis study suggests that CMJ with equipment could be a reliable tool to assess jumping performance specific to requirements of military work, which would increase the ecological validity of the testing. The present structured full-body training intervention showed modest improvements in jumping ability in both testing conditions.Trial registration numberNCT0341546.
In-hospital gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with acute myocardial infarction: incidence, outcomes and risk factors analysis from China Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry
Authors: Shi Wence , Fan Xiaoxue , Yang Jingang , Ni Lin , Su Shuhong , Yu Mei , Yang Hongmei , Yu Mengyue , Yang Yuejin 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), clarify the association between adverse clinical outcomes and GIB and identify risk factors for in-hospital GIB after AMI.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting108 hospitals across three levels in China.ParticipantsFrom 1 January 2013 to 31 August 2014, after excluding 2659 patients because of incorrect age and missing GIB data, 23 794 patients with AMI from 108 hospitals enrolled in the China Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry were divided into GIB-positive (n=282) and GIB-negative (n=23 512) groups and were compared.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMajor adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) are a composite of all-cause death, reinfarction and stroke. The association between GIB and endpoints was examined using multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models. Independent risk factors associated with GIB were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe incidence of in-hospital GIB in patients with AMI was 1.19%. GIB was significantly associated with an increased risk of MACCEs both in-hospital (OR 2.314; p<0.001) and at 2-year follow-up (HR 1.407; p=0.0008). Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) receptor inhibitor, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and thrombolysis were novel independent risk factors for GIB identified in the Chinese AMI population (p<0.05).ConclusionsGIB is associated with both in-hospital and follow-up MACCEs. Gastrointestinal prophylactic treatment should be administered to patients with AMI who receive primary PCI, thrombolytic therapy or GPIIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor.Trial registration numberNCT01874691.
Delay in the induction of labour process: a retrospective cohort study and computer simulation of maternity unit workload
Authors: Robertson Katherine , Hardingham Ian , D'Arcy Rhiannon , Reddy Aparna , Clacey Joe 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesDelay in the induction of labour (IOL) process is associated with poor patient experience and adverse perinatal outcome. Our objective was to identify factors associated with delay in the IOL process and develop interventions to reduce delay.Design and settingsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of maternity unit workload in a large UK district general hospital. Electronic hospital records were used to quantify delay in the IOL process and linear regression analysis was performed to assess significant associations between delay and potential causative factors. A novel computer maternity unit simulation model, MUMSIM (Maternity Unit Management SIMulation), was developed using real-world data and interventions were tested to identify those associated with a reduction in delay.ParticipantsAll women giving birth at Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire National Health Service (NHS) Trust in 2018 (n=4932).Primary outcome measureDelay in the IOL process of more than 12 hours.ResultsThe retrospective analysis of real-world maternity unit workload showed 30% of women had IOL and of these, 33% were delayed >12 hours with 20% delayed >24 hours, 10% delayed >48 hours and 1.3% delayed >72 hours. Delay was significantly associated with the total number of labouring women (p=0.008) and the number of booked IOL (p=0.009) but not emergency IOL, spontaneously labouring women or staffing shortfall. The MUMSIM computer simulation predicted that changing from slow release 24-hour prostaglandin to 6-hour prostaglandin for primiparous women would reduce delay by 4% (p<0.0001) and that additional staffing interventions could significantly reduce delay up to 17.9% (p<0.0001).ConclusionsPlanned obstetric workload of booked IOL is associated with delay rather than the unpredictable workload of women in spontaneous labour or emergency IOL. We present a novel maternity unit computer simulation model, MUMSIM, which allows prediction of the impact of interventions to reduce delay.
Protocol for ‘virtual presence’: a qualitative study of the cultural dialectic between loneliness and technology
Authors: Johannessen Lars E F , Engebretsen Eivind , Greenhalgh Trisha , Hughes Gemma , Köhler-Olsen Julia , Rasmussen Erik Børve , Haldar Marit 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionMost research on loneliness comes from the health sciences, statistically seeking to measure the health-related effects of feeling alone or isolated. There is a need to expand on this understanding and explore loneliness as a more complex social phenomenon. In this article, we present a qualitative design for studying the intersection between loneliness, technology and culture. Conceptualising this as the cultural dialectic between loneliness and technology, we aim to unpack the reciprocal ways by which understandings of loneliness shape technology, while technologies also affect society’s understandings of loneliness. In elucidating this dialectic, we aim to develop new knowledge and a novel theoretical framework for understanding loneliness and its technological solutions, which, in turn, can enable better solutions to contemporary problems of loneliness.Methods and analysisWe will adopt a qualitative approach that combines interviews, participant observation and textual analysis to explore loneliness and its technological solutions from the perspectives of policy-makers, producers, professionals and users in Norway and the UK. The data will be analysed through an analytical framework combining insights from discourse theory and philosophical debates on presence, which will allow us to capture and rethink fundamental assumptions about loneliness and technology. Outcomes will be revised understandings of loneliness, relevant to researchers, entrepreneurs, policy-makers, clinicians, educators and the broader public.Ethics and disseminationThe project has been evaluated and approved by the data protection officer at Oslo Metropolitan University and by the Norwegian Social Science Data Services. Additional ethical approval for data collection in the UK has been provided by the University of Oxford Interdivisional Research Ethics Committee. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, international conference presentations and lay media.