bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of nonylphenol on the colonic mucosa in rats and intervention with zinc-selenium green tea (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Li Shixu , Zheng Mucong , Yang Xuefeng , Zhang Jianling , Xu Jie , Yu Jie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo investigate the effect of nonylphenol (NP) exposure on the colonic mucosa in rats, and the protective effects of Guizhou zinc-selenium tea (Zn-Se tea) on the damage induced by NP, sixty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 10 in each group): control group (corn oil), and rats gavaged with NP at the doses of 0.4 mg/kg/d (Low NP group), 4 mg/kg/d (Medium NP group), 40 mg/kg/d (High NP group), and 40 mg/kg NP combined with green tea group at the doses of 0.2 g/ml (NP + GT group) and 0.2 g/ml Zn-Se tea group (NP + ZST group). NP at 40 mg/kg/d was administered to the tea groups for 3 months, followed by NP + green tea and NP + Zn-Se tea for 4 months, and the rest of the groups were gavaged for 7 months. With the increase of NP concentration, NP accumulation in colon gradually increased (P &lt; 0.05), colonic villi shortened, tight junctions between cells widened, intestinal integrity was impaired, and goblet cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes and mast cells were significantly lower in NP high-dose group than in control group (P &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, the protein expression of Caspase-1, IL-1β and Pro-IL-1β in NP high-dose group was significantly higher than that in control group (P &lt; 0.05). Zn-Se tea increased the number of goblet cells in colon and decreased the accumulation of NP in colon (P &lt; 0.05); Zn-Se tea and common green tea decreased the expression of Caspase-1 and Pro-IL-1β protein (P &lt; 0.05). NP exposure can destroy intestinal morphology, reduce the number of intestinal immune cells, reduce intestinal immunity and increase the release of inflammatory factors; Guizhou Zn-Se tea has a certain protective effect on colon damage caused by NP.
Phylogenetic Distribution of Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex Populations in Potato in Kenya
Authors: Okiro Lilian A. , Mulwa Richard Mwanza , Oyoo Maurice E. , Machuka Eunice M. , Parker Monica L. , Pelle Roger 
Published: December 2021

Ralstonia solanacearum is a pathogen causing bacterial wilt disease of potato, resulting in 70% potato production losses in Kenya. A study was conducted to determine the diversity of R. solanacearum species complex strains within the main potato-growing regions of Kenya. Potato tubers were collected in different potato-growing regions of Kenya from visibly wilted potato plants as well as samples of tomato, irrigation water, and cultures for pathogen isolation. Genomic DNA was isolated from 135 purified cultures of RSSC isolates and PCR-amplified using multiplex and sequevar primers targeting the endoglucanase (egl) partial gene sequences. Pathogenicity tests using R. solanacearum strain (phylotype II sequevar I) were done on the cultivars Kenya Karibu, Shangi, Chulu, Wanjiku, and MoneyMaker. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial egl gene identified two genospecies, R. pseudosolanacearum sp. nov. (1.5%) and R. solanacearum (98.5%). All R. solanacearum strains clustered in sequevar I and were distributed in all the potato-growing regions surveyed. The cultivars were grown in a greenhouse for two cycles in a randomized complete block design and inoculated with R. solanacearum strain. The severity scores were assessed and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was determined. All the cultivars tested for pathogenicity exhibited wilting symptoms at varying intervals after infection, with none showing complete resistance to R. solanacearum. Cultivar Shangi exhibited minimum disease severity and progression of 41.14% and AUDPC of 1041.7, respectively, while ‘Kenya Karibu’ was the most susceptible with a high progression rate of 68.24% and AUDPC of 1897.5, respectively. ‘MoneyMaker’, ‘Chulu’, and ‘Wanjiku’ showed no significant difference in disease severity, depicting a simultaneous rate of infection among them. These findings provide valuable information to better understand the pathogen genetic diversity in Kenya and how it spreads.
Association of Gestational Age at Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination, History of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection, and a Vaccine Booster Dose With Maternal and Umbilical Cord Antibody Levels at Delivery
Authors: Yang Yawei J. , Murphy Elisabeth A. , Singh Sunidhi , Sukhu Ashley C. , Wolfe Isabel , Adurty Sanjana , Eng Dorothy , Yee Jim , Mohammed Iman , Zhao Zhen , Riley Laura E. , Prabhu Malavika 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE:
To describe maternal and umbilical cord blood anti-spike immunoglobulin (Ig)G levels at delivery with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination before and during pregnancy and to assess the association of prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and a vaccine booster dose with anti-spike maternal and umbilical cord IgG levels.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women with self-reported COVID-19 vaccination (Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, or Johnson & Johnson/Janssen), including a booster dose, during or before pregnancy, who delivered at 34 weeks of gestation or more. Maternal and umbilical cord blood samples at delivery were analyzed for semi-quantitative anti-spike IgG. We examined the association between timing of maternal vaccination and maternal and umbilical cord anti-spike levels using a rank sum test. The relationships between a prior history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and maternal and umbilical cord anti-spike IgG levels, and between a booster dose and maternal and umbilical cord anti-spike levels, were also evaluated using a rank sum test.

RESULTS:
We included data from 1,359 vaccinated pregnant women, including 20 women who received a booster dose, and 1,362 umbilical cord samples. Maternal anti-spike IgG levels were detectable at delivery regardless of timing of vaccination throughout pregnancy among fully vaccinated women; however, early third-trimester vaccination was associated with the highest anti-spike IgG levels in maternal and umbilical cord blood. Among women with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, maternal and cord blood antibody response achieved with vaccination in early pregnancy was comparable with third-trimester vaccination in pregnant women without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A booster dose in the third trimester was associated with maternal anti-spike IgG levels greater than third-trimester vaccination in women with or without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

DISCUSSION:
Vaccination against COVID-19 before and throughout pregnancy was associated with detectable maternal anti-spike IgG levels at delivery. A complete vaccination course, prior history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a third-trimester booster dose were associated with the highest maternal and umbilical cord antibody levels.
Is the Presence of a Psychiatric Disorder Associated With More Aggressive Management of Compartment Syndrome?
Authors: Albano Ashley Y. , Landy David C. , Teasdall Robert J. , Isla Alexander E. , Krupko Thomas A. , Wright Raymond D. , Moghadamian Eric S. , Matuszewski Paul E. , Aneja Arun 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
To determine whether pre-existing psychiatric disorder is associated with potentially unnecessary fasciotomy.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Academic Level-1 trauma center.

Patients:
All the patients with orthopaedic trauma undergoing leg fasciotomy at an academic Level I trauma center from 2006 to 2020.

Intervention:
Pre-existing diagnosis of psychiatric disorder.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Early primary wound closure and delayed primary wound closure.

Results:
In total, 116 patients were included. Twenty-seven patients (23%) had a pre-existing diagnosis of psychiatric disorder with 13 having anxiety, 14 depression, 5 bipolar disorder, and 2 ADHD. Several patients had multiple diagnoses. Fifty-one patients (44%) had early primary closure (EPC), and 65 patients (56%) had delayed primary closure. Of patients with a psychiatric disorder, 52% received EPC compared with 42% of patients without a disorder, P = 0.38. This lack of a strong association did not seem to vary across specific psychiatric conditions. After adjusting for sex, age, injury type, and substance abuse, there was still no significant association between a psychiatric disorder and EPC with an odds ratio of 1.08 (95% CI, 0.43–2.75).

Conclusions:
Among patients with orthopaedic trauma undergoing emergent fasciotomy for acute compartment syndrome, a psychiatric disorder was not associated with a significantly increased rate of possibly unnecessary fasciotomy. Given the potential for a psychiatric condition to complicate the diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome, this data is somewhat reassuring; however, there remains a need for continued vigilance in treating patients with psychiatric conditions and research in this area.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Antibiotic Cement Bead Rouleaux: A Technical Trick to Maximize the Surface Area to Volume Ratio of Cement Beads to Improve the Elution of Antibiotics
Authors: Perry Nicholas P.J. , Tucker Nicholas J. , Hadeed Michael M. , Heare Austin , Stacey Stephen C. , Hammerberg E. Mark , Mauffrey Cyril , Parry Joshua A. 
Published: December 2021

Summary:
The use of antibiotic-impregnated cement as a local antibiotic delivery system is well-established as an adjunctive treatment for chronic osteomyelitis. Because the elution of antibiotics is a surface area phenomenon, the geometry of the cement is an important consideration. The antibiotic cement bead rouleaux technique is a simple and efficient method of bead fabrication that requires only 10 minutes of preparation time and readily available operating room supplies. The discoid structure of the beads provides 3 times the surface-area-to-volume ratio of a spherical bead, which facilitates antibiotic elution. Given the speed and ease of fabrication, along with optimized geometry, the antibiotic cement bead rouleaux is a useful addition to the surgeon's repertoire.
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Progression to Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Tayal Aditi , Greene John N. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is a fungal infection of the lung causing a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction to Aspergillus fumigatus colonization. Patients with preexisting lung pathology are extremely susceptible to this organism and show clinical signs of bronchospasm, pulmonary infiltrates, and eosinophilia. In the following case report, we present an asthmatic patient diagnosed with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, who, despite treatment, progressed to chronic pulmonary aspergillosis with progressive lung damage requiring surgery.
An Unusual Case of Neurobrucellosis Presenting as Acute Flaccid Paralysis
Authors: Boparai Sukhmani , Daoud Nour , Dominguez Anibal , Bawa Danish , Vyas Aditya , Grier Laurie , Motayar Nasim 
Published: December 2021

Background
Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a rare clinical entity that can lead to significant mortality and morbidity. It has a broad differential including various autoimmune and infectious etiologies, which can lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment. Acute flaccid myelitis as presentation of neurobrucellosis has rarely been reported and poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to clinicians.

Case Summary
Here we present a case of a young female presenting with acute onset, rapidly progressive, flaccid paralysis caused by Brucella species. This is an atypical presentation of a rare infection in this region. The infection was likely acquired by consuming unpasteurized goat cheese. The patient made a near-complete neurological recovery after treatment with ceftriaxone, doxycycline, and rifampin.

Conclusions
The catastrophic presentation of our patient makes it relevant for clinicians to be cognizant of this entity.
Combined Myopericarditis and Pneumonitis Post–Pfizer Vaccine Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Healthy Caucasian Middle-Aged Man
Authors: Wang Tao , Cayetano Katherine S. , Parvataneni Chaitanya K. , Paranada Kathleen , Sanchez-Metz Cristobal , Haws Caleb R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A generally healthy middle-aged Caucasian man developed significant cough, fever, chest tightness, dyspnea, and orthopnea after second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. He was hypoxemic and had bilateral patchy ground glass opacities and mediastinal adenopathy. Those objective signs indicated an acute pneumonitis. His acute heart failure, new onset dilated cardiomyopathy with an left ventricular ejection fraction of 25% are consistent with the diagnosis of suspected myopericarditis despite normal troponin. Autoimmune event and acute viral or bacterial infection were ruled out. With steroid, diuretic, and supportive treatment, the patient clinically improved after 3 days of hospitalization and discharged to home on taper dose steroid and oral diuretic. This case is the first reported case with combined myopericarditis and pneumonitis post–Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine on Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. The available scientific data on COVID-19 vaccines indicate that they are generally safe and effective. A long-term postmarketing surveillance on COVID-19 vaccine is warranted.
The cannabinoid agonist CB-13 produces peripherally mediated analgesia in mice but elicits tolerance and signs of central nervous system activity with repeated dosing
Authors: Slivicki Richard A. , Yi Jiwon , Brings Victoria E. , Huynh Phuong Nhu , Gereau Robert W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Activation of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) produces analgesia in a variety of preclinical models of pain; however, engagement of central CB1 receptors is accompanied by unwanted side effects, such as psychoactivity, tolerance, and dependence. Therefore, some efforts to develop novel analgesics have focused on targeting peripheral CB1 receptors to circumvent central CB1-related side effects. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of acute and repeated dosing with the peripherally selective CB1-preferring agonist CB-13 on nociception and central CB1-related phenotypes in a model of inflammatory pain in mice. We also evaluated cellular mechanisms underlying CB-13-induced antinociception in vitro using cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. CB-13 reduced inflammation-induced mechanical allodynia in male and female mice in a peripheral CB1-receptor-dependent manner and relieved inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia. In cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons, CB-13 reduced TRPV1 sensitization and neuronal hyperexcitability induced by the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2, providing potential mechanistic explanations for the analgesic actions of peripheral CB1 receptor activation. With acute dosing, phenotypes associated with central CB1 receptor activation occurred only at a dose of CB-13 approximately 10-fold the ED50 for reducing allodynia. Strikingly, repeated dosing resulted in both analgesic tolerance and CB1 receptor dependence, even at a dose that did not produce central CB1-receptor-mediated phenotypes on acute dosing. This suggests that repeated CB-13 dosing leads to increased CNS exposure and unwanted engagement of central CB1 receptors. Thus, caution is warranted regarding therapeutic use of CB-13 with the goal of avoiding CNS side effects. Nonetheless, the clear analgesic effect of acute peripheral CB1 receptor activation suggests that peripherally restricted cannabinoids are a viable target for novel analgesic development.
Ultrasound Diagnosis of a Pseudotumor Secondary to a Partial Thickness Distal Biceps Tear Resulting in Pronator Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Boettcher Brennan J. , Camp Christopher L. , Jelsing Elena J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
A 53-year-old right-handed female weightlifter presented to our clinic for evaluation of left elbow pain and intermittent numbness in her first 3 digits. She reported an elbow injury while weight lifting and carrying heavy planters 6 months earlier. A magnetic resonance imaging obtained previously was interpreted as bicipital-radial bursitis, and she had previously undergone a comprehensive nonoperative management program for her pain and numbness. A diagnostic ultrasound performed in clinic revealed distal biceps tendinopathy, bicipital-radial bursitis, and “pseudotumor,” which was dynamically compressed between the biceps tendon and radius with pronation and also caused a mass effect on the median nerve at the level of the pronator teres. Surgical excision of the mass resulted in near-complete resolution of her symptoms, and histology was consistent with scar tissue. This is the first case to the best of our knowledge to describe point-of-care ultrasound diagnosis of a biceps tendon “pseudotumor,” as well as demonstrating dynamic impingement of this pseudotumor causing mass effect on the median nerve.
Co-Use of Opioids and Sedatives Among Retired National Football League Athletes
Authors: Mannes Zachary L. , Hasin Deborah S. , Ben Abdallah Arbi , Cottler Linda B. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
Among the general population, co-use of opioids and sedatives is associated with greater risk of overdose compared with opioid use alone. National Football League (NFL) retirees experience higher rates of opioid use than the general population, although little is known about their co-use with sedatives. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of opioid and sedative co-use among NFL retirees.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Professional American football.

Participants:
NFL retirees (N = 644).

Independent Variables:
Self-reported concussions, pain intensity, heavy alcohol use, physical and mental health impairment, disability status.

Main Outcome Measure:
Any past 30-day co-use of opioids and sedatives.

Results:
Approximately 4.9% of the sample reported past 30-day co-use of opioids and sedatives, although nearly 30% of retirees using opioids also used sedatives. Greater pain was associated with co-use of opioids and sedatives (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] = 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23-1.98), although retirees with moderate/severe mental health impairment (vs none/mild; aOR = 2.47; 95% CI = 1.04-5.91) and disability (vs no disability; aOR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.05-1.73) demonstrated greater odds of co-use compared with retirees not using either substance.

Conclusions:
Given the high rate of sedative use among participants also using opioids, NFL retirees may be susceptible to the negative health consequences associated with co-use. Interventions focused on improving pain and mental health may be especially effective for reducing co-use of these substances among NFL retirees.
Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma genitalium Impairs Clinical Improvement of Male Urethritis After Empirical Treatment
Authors: Braam Joyce F. , van Dam Alje P. , Bruisten Sylvia M. , van Rooijen Martijn S. , de Vries Henry J.C. , Schim van der Loeff Maarten F. , Vergunst Clarissa E. 
Published: December 2021

Background

Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is associated with urethritis in men and could play a role in clinical outcome. We examined clinical improvement of symptoms in men receiving empirical treatment for urethritis and correlated the outcome with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), MG, and MG macrolide resistance-associated mutations (MRAM) status.

Methods
At the sexually transmitted infection clinic in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, empirical treatment for gonococcal urethritis is 1 g ceftriaxone and for nongonococcal urethritis 1 g azithromycin. In 2018 to 2019, we tested urine samples of men with urethritis for CT, NG, and MG using transcription-mediated amplification assays. Mycoplasma genitalium–positive samples were tested for MRAM using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Two weeks after receiving therapy, men were sent a text message inquiring after clinical improvement.

Results
We evaluated 2505 cases of urethritis. The positivity rates of NG, CT, and MG were 26% (648 of 2489), 29% (726 of 2489), and 23% (522 of 2288), respectively. In 768 of 2288 of the cases (34%), no causative agent was detected. Most cases were infected with a single pathogen: NG, 417 of 2288 (18%); CT, 486 of 2288 (21%); and MG, 320 of 2288 (14%). The prevalence of MRAM among MG-positives was 74% (327 of 439). For 642 (25.6%) cases, we could evaluate clinical improvement after treatment of whom 127 (20%) indicated no improvement; 9% (15 of 174) in NG cases, 18% (35 of 195) in CT cases, 14% (4 of 28) in MG wild-type cases, and 40% (38 of 94) in MG-MRAM cases. Clinical improvement in MG-MRAM cases was significantly lower compared with all other groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Presence of MG-MRAM is associated with lack of clinical improvement in azithromycin-treated nongonococcal urethritis.
Feasibility of Capturing Adverse Events From Insurance Claims Data Using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Codes Coupled to Present on Admission Indicators
Authors: Kim Juyoung , Choi Eun Young , Lee Won , Oh Hae Mi , Pyo Jeehee , Ock Minsu , Kim So Yoon , Lee Sang-il 
Published: December 2021

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of using administrative data to screen adverse events in Korea.

Methods
We used a diagnosis-related groups claims data set and the information of the checklist of healthcare quality improvement (a part of the value incentive program) to verify adverse events in fiscal year 2018. Adverse events were identified using patient safety indicator (PSI) clusters and a present on admission indicator (POA). The PSIs consisted of 19 clusters representing subcategories of adverse events, such as hospital-acquired infection. Among the adverse events identified using PSI clusters, “POA = N,” which means not present at the time of admission, was only deemed as the case in the final stage. We compared the agreement on the occurrence of adverse events from claims data with a reference standard data set (i.e., checklist of healthcare quality improvement) and presented them by PSI cluster and institution.

Results
The cases of global PSI for any adverse event numbered 27,320 (2.32%) among all diagnostic codes in 2018. In terms of institutional distribution, considerable variation was observed throughout the clusters. For example, only 13.2% of institutions (n = 387) reported any global PSI for any adverse event throughout the whole year. The agreement between the reference standard and the claims data was poor, in the range of 2.2% to 10.8%, in 3 types of adverse events. The current claims data system (i.e., diagnostic codes coupled to POA indicators) failed to capture a large majority of adverse events identified using the reference standard.

Conclusions
Our results imply that the coding status of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes and POA indicators should be refined before using them as quality indicators.