bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the accuracy of pharmacophore‐based detection of cognate receptor‐ligand pairs in the immunoglobulin superfamily
Authors: Gil Nelson , Shrestha Rojan , Fiser Andras 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSecreted and membrane‐bound members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) encompass a large, diverse array of proteins that play central roles in immune response and neural development, and are implicated in diseases ranging from cancer to rheumatoid arthritis. Despite the potential biomedical benefits of understanding IgSF:IgSF cognate receptor‐ligand interactions, relatively little about them is known at a molecular level, and experimentally probing all possible receptor‐ligand pairs is prohibitively costly. The Protein Ligand Interface Design (ProtLID) algorithm is a computational pharmacophore‐based approach to identify cognate receptor‐ligand pairs that was recently validated in a pilot study on a small set of IgSF complexes. Although ProtLID has shown a success rate of 61% at identifying at least one cognate ligand for a given receptor, it currently lacks any form of confidence measure that can prioritize individual receptor‐ligand predictions to pursue experimentally. In this study, we expanded the application of ProtLID to cover all IgSF complexes with available structural data. In addition, we introduced an approach to estimate the confidence of predictions made by ProtLID based on a statistical analysis of how the ProtLID‐constructed pharmacophore matches the structures of candidate ligands. The confidence score combines the physicochemical compatibility, spatial consistency, and mathematical skewness of the distribution of matches throughout a set of candidate ligands. Our results suggest that a subset of cases meeting stringent confidence criteria will always have at least one successful receptor‐ligand prediction.
Selection for resistance to pyrethroids in the predator Orius laevigatus
Authors: Balanza Virginia , Mendoza José E , Cifuentes Dina , Bielza Pablo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsecticide resistance in the natural enemies of pest species is a very desirable trait. It allows better integration of biological control with the synthetic and natural compounds applied to manage certain pests, especially secondary pest outbreaks. Insecticide resistance in predatory insects has been documented for lady beetles and lacewings, but intriguingly no cases of field‐evolved resistance have been noted in any heteropteran predator. In this work, we first explored the variation in susceptibility to pyrethroids in wild and commercial populations of Orius laevigatus (Fieber). Second, we exploited this genetic variation to artificially select a strain of O. laevigatus resistant to pyrethroids.RESULTSWe found significant variation [median lethal dose (LC50) 1.6–77.0 mg L−1] in susceptibility to pyrethroids in wild populations of the heteropteran predator O. laevigatus, with a baseline LC50 value of 14.6 mg L−1. We successfully selected a strain of O. laevigatus highly resistant to pyrethroids (LC50 = 1059.9 mg L−1). In addition, such resistance was expressed in every instar, particularly in the last nymphal stages, increasing the resilience of the whole population present in the crop facing pyrethroid application.CONCLUSIONThe level of resistance achieved may be sufficient to allow survival of adults and nymphs of O. laevigatus exposed to the maximum field rate of several pyrethroids and natural pyrethrins, widely used to control a number of pests in organic and integrated pest management crops. Therefore, this strain resistant to pyrethrins and pyrethroids would improve the resilience of biocontrol protocols, which is an urgent requirement for wider adoption of biological control. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of the first glyphosate‐resistant capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) population
Authors: Khalil Yaseen , Ashworth Michael B , Han Heping , Qin Yu , Rocha Roberto L , Pritchard Brent , Cameron David , Beckie Hugh J 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlyphosate is routinely used in Australia to control the Arctotheca species Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns (referred hereinafter as capeweed). This study identifies the first global case of field‐evolved glyphosate‐resistant capeweed, collected from the grainbelt of Western Australia.RESULTSIn 2020, a capeweed biotype that was collected from Borden in the southern Western Australian grainbelt was confirmed to be glyphosate‐resistant (referred hereinafter as Spence population). When compared to the pooled mortality of six field‐collected, glyphosate susceptible capeweed populations (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6), the Spence population was found > 11‐fold more resistant to glyphosate than the pooled results of the susceptible populations (S1–S6) at the lethal dose of 50% (LD50) level. The growth of the Spence population was also less affected, requiring > 13‐fold more glyphosate to reduce growth than the pooled susceptible populations at the growth reduction of 50% (GR50) level. Sequencing of the plastidic 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene indicated no known single gene mutation imparting glyphosate resistance. This study, however, did not investigate any other known mechanisms that impart glyphosate resistance. When screened at the field‐applied rate, this Spence population was also found to survive an inhibitor of acetolactate synthase (ALS) (metosulam) and an inhibitor of phytoene desaturase (diflufenican).CONCLUSIONSThis is the first confirmation of glyphosate resistance evolution in a capeweed population globally. With capeweed resistance already confirmed to photosystem‐I inhibiting herbicides (paraquat and diquat), this study emphasizes the importance of using integrated measures that do not depend only on the use of non‐selective herbicides for controlling herbicide resistance‐prone capeweed populations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
From paradise to prison: The disrupted spatial imaginaries of victimised female British migrants in Australia
Authors: Ridgway Alexandra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBritish migration to Australia may be motivated by the paradisiacal glow in which the country is framed, but personal lives after arrival can upset these pre‐migratory spatial imaginaries, evoking feelings of darkness, doom, horror, isolation, and imprisonment. This article uses two concepts—that of spatial imaginaries and that of biographical disruptions—to unpack the stories of three British migrant women whose idealised expectations of Australia are overturned after each enters a violent marriage with an Australian man. By exploring the similarities of these women's tumultuous marital lives, I reveal how spatial imaginaries can be drastically altered by biographical disruptions that occur within intimate settings, particularly events that are violent in nature. This article highlights the unsolidified, contingent, and relational nature of migrant spatial imaginaries with an emphasis on how the startling, biographically disruptive, and emotionally unsettling nature of intimate partner violence fundamentally shapes the way spaces are viewed.
The effect of repeated cryopreservation and thawing using cryotip on the clinical outcomes of embryos
Authors: Mizobe Yamato , Kuwatsuru Yukari , Kuroki Yuko , Fukumoto Yumiko , Tokudome Mari , Moewaki Harue , Watanabe Mia , Tabira Tatsunori , Iwakawa Tokiko , Takeuchi Kazuhiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeTo compare the clinical outcomes of embryo transfers that were cryopreserved and thawed two or three times with those cryopreserved and thawed once by CryoTip.MethodsData for 388 single cryopreserved‐thawed blastocyst transfer cycles, performed from April 2012 to March 2014, were assessed. The blastocysts were classified into three groups: blastocysts (A) cryopreserved once, (B) cryopreserved twice, and (C) cryopreserved three times.ResultsThe pregnancy rate was 43.8% (134/306) in group A and 46.3% (38/82) in group B, while the miscarriage rate was 29.1% (39/134) in group A and 23.7% (9/38) in group B. The rate of improvement/maintenance of blastocyst grade was 84.0% (257/306) in group A and 80.5% (66/82) in group B. The pregnancy and miscarriage rates of the blastocysts that showed improvement/maintenance in the grade were 45.9% (118/257) and 29.7% (35/118) in group A and 48.5% (32/66) and 21.9% (7/32) in group B, respectively. The pregnancy rate was 33.3% (2/6), while the miscarriage rate was 0.0% (0/2) in group C.ConclusionsPregnancy rates achieved with re‐cryopreserved and rethawed blastocyst transfer were comparable to those achieved with single cryopreserved‐thawed blastocyst transfer.
CCCDTD5: Clinical role of neuroimaging and liquid biomarkers in patients with cognitive impairment
Authors: Brisson Mélanie , Brodeur Catherine , Létourneau‐Guillon Laurent , Masellis Mario , Stoessl Jon , Tamm Alex , Zukotynski Katherine , Ismail Zahinoor , Gauthier Serge , Rosa‐Neto Pedro , Soucy Jean‐Paul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSince 1989, four Canadian Consensus Conferences on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (CCCDTDs) have provided evidence‐based dementia diagnostic and treatment guidelines for Canadian clinicians and researchers. We present the results from the Neuroimaging and Fluid Biomarkers Group of the 5th CCCDTD (CCCDTD5), which addressed topics chosen by the steering committee to reflect advances in the field and build on our previous guidelines.Recommendations on Imaging and Fluid Biomarker Use from this Conference cover a series of different fields. Prior structural imaging recommendations for both computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remain largely unchanged, but MRI is now more central to the evaluation than before, with suggested sequences described here. The use of visual rating scales for both atrophy and white matter anomalies is now included in our recommendations. Molecular imaging with [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]‐FDG) Positron Emisson Tomography (PET) or [99mTc]‐hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime/ethylene cysteinate dimer ([99mTc]‐HMPAO/ECD) Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT), should now decidedly favor PET. The value of [18F]‐FDG PET in the assessment of neurodegenerative conditions has been established with greater certainty since the previous conference, and it has now been recognized as a useful biomarker to establish the presence of neurodegeneration by a number of professional organizations around the world. Furthermore, the role of amyloid PET has been clarified and our recommendations follow those from other groups in multiple countries. SPECT with [123I]‐ioflupane (DaTscanTM) is now included as a useful study in differentiating Alzheimer's disease (AD) from Lewy body disease. Finally, liquid biomarkers are in a rapid phase of development and, could lead to a revolution in the assessment AD and other neurodegenerative conditions at a reasonable cost.We hope these guidelines will be useful for clinicians, researchers, policy makers, and the lay public, to inform a current and evidence‐based approach to the use of neuroimaging and liquid biomarkers in clinical dementia evaluation and management.
All you need is air—Alternating activated sludge system BIOCOS without electromechanical equipment
Authors: Wett Bernhard , Brückl Annemarie , Aichinger Peter , Ingerle Kurt 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExclusively air‐driven operation is an essential feature of the cyclic activated sludge process BIOCOS. Switching the air‐flow between diffusers, agitation, and recycle air‐lift keeps operation and maintenance simple and leads to significant energy savings used for mechanical devices. The overall energy demand for the whole biological system with settling was found to be below 20 kWh/PE.a. This hybrid technology shows a constant water level characteristic for continuous flow systems and time‐based control. Modular rectangular tank configuration and high solids operation targets a compact footprint. Process wise, the settling sludge blanket in the two alternating settling tanks was found to contribute considerably to post‐denitrification and enhances phosphorus removal. During the last years, approximately 200 BIOCOS plants have been implemented mainly in Germany, Austria, Spain, and China, some of the operational results are presented in this paper.Practitioners points

BIOCOS is a hybrid process with alternating settling tanks at constant water level.
The performance of demonstration plants shows high resilience against hydraulic and organic peak loads.
The energy demand for the process was found to be very small.
The process is driven with no electromechanical equipment but one main blower station.
The sludge blanket in the alternating settler significantly contributes to denitrification and phosphorus removal.
Mastering extreme size constraints in the clathrate‐I borosilicide Cs8B8Si38
Authors: Hübner Julia‐Maria , Jung Walter , Koželj Primož , Bobnar Matej , Cardoso‐Gil Raul , Burkhardt Ulrich , Böhme Bodo , Baitinger Michael , Schwarz Ulrich , Grin Yuri 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCs8B8Si38 is obtained by high‐pressure high‐temperature synthesis at p=8 GPa and T=1273 K. The new compound (space group Pm
n; a=10.0312(3) Å) is the third example for a clathrate‐I borosilicide after the potassium and rubidium varieties, respectively. The phase slowly deteriorates in air and moisture but is thermally stable up to 1050 K at ambient pressure. [Cs+]8[B–]8[Si0]38 is electronically balanced, diamagnetic, and shows semiconducting behavior.
Assays of Eosinophil Apoptosis and Phagocytic Uptake
Authors: Gachanja Naomi N. , Dorward David A. , Rossi Adriano G. , Lucas Christopher D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEosinophil apoptosis (programmed cell death) plays an important role in several inflammatory and allergic conditions. Apoptosis triggers various mechanisms including activation of cysteine-aspartic proteases (caspases) and is characterized by morphological and biochemical changes. These include cellular condensation, nuclear fragmentation, increased mitochondrial permeability with loss of membrane potential, and exposure of phosphatidylserine on the cell membrane. A greater understanding of apoptotic mechanisms, subsequent phagocytosis (efferocytosis), and regulation of these processes is critical to understanding disease pathogenesis and development of potential novel therapeutic agents. Release of soluble factors and alterations to surface marker expression by eosinophils undergoing apoptosis aid them in signaling their presence to the immediate environment, and their subsequent recognition by phagocytic cells such as macrophages. Uptake of apoptotic cells usually suppresses inflammation by restricting proinflammatory responses and promoting anti-inflammatory and tissue repair responses. This, in turn, promotes resolution of inflammation. Defects in the apoptotic or efferocytosis mechanisms perpetuate inflammation, resulting in chronic inflammation and enhanced disease severity. This can be due to increased eosinophil life span or cell necrosis characterized by loss of cell membrane integrity and release of toxic intracellular mediators. In this chapter, we detail some of the key assays that are used to assess eosinophil apoptosis, as well as the intracellular signaling pathways involved and phagocytic clearance of these cells.
Einleitung
Authors: Engel Ole 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungWer sind Professoren mit Migrationshintergrund? Geht es um Menschen aus der Türkei, denen es gelungen ist, in der zweiten Generation eine erfolgreiche akademische Laufbahn bis hin zur Professur in Deutschland zu durchlaufen? Geht es um Menschen, die als Kinder mit ihren Eltern aus Russland, möglicherweise als Aussiedler, nach Deutschland gekommen sind, die das Bildungssystem in Deutschland durchlaufen haben und die mittlerweile auf eine Professur in Deutschland berufen wurden?
Kontextualisierung
Authors: Engel Ole 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel „Kontextualisierung“ besteht aus drei Unterkapiteln. Der Abschnitt 2.1 beschreibt aus historischer Perspektive die unterschiedlichen Phasen des Wandels Deutschlands zum Einwanderungsland. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Entwicklung seit den 1950er Jahren.
Begrifflicher und theoretischer Rahmen
Authors: Engel Ole 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDas folgende Kapitel über den begrifflichen und theoretischen Rahmen basiert auf fünf Teilen. Im ersten Unterkapitel geht es um Theorien und Konzepte zur Frage „Wer ist Migrant“. Ziel ist es, die Entscheidung, eine Gruppe der Professoren mit Migrationshintergrund – über die eingangs erläuterte Definition nach dem Mikrozensus – zu konstruieren, zu erläutern.
Auswertung und Ergebnisse
Authors: Engel Ole 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Auswertung und Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit lassen sich in zehn Felder unterteilen. Im ersten Abschnitt 6.1 werden die Herkunft und die Soziodemographie der Professoren mit Migrationshintergrund in den Mittelpunkt gestellt. Im Anschluss werden die Bildungs- und Berufsverläufe (6.2) näher beschrieben.
Diskussion und Schlussfolgerungen
Authors: Engel Ole 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungAbschließend wird der Beitrag der vorliegenden Arbeit auf drei Ebenen diskutiert werden. Erstens wird der Beitrag der Arbeit hinsichtlich der Grundlagenforschung im Feld der Hochschulforschung herausgestellt. Zweitens wird der Beitrag der Arbeit für die theoretische Fundierung der Hochschulforschung verdeutlicht.
Low-energy phenomenology of scalar leptoquarks at one-loop accuracy
Authors: Gherardi Valerio , Marzocca David , Venturini Elena 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We perform a complete study of the low-energy phenomenology of S1 and S3 leptoquarks, aimed at addressing the observed deviations in B-meson decays and the muon magnetic dipole moment. Leptoquark contributions to observables are computed at one-loop accuracy in an effective field theory approach, using the recently published complete one-loop matching of these leptoquarks to the Standard Model effective field theory. We present several scenarios, discussing in each case the preferred parameter space and the most relevant observables.
Emergent universe and Genesis from the DHOST cosmology
Authors: Ilyas Amara , Zhu Mian , Zheng Yunlong , Cai Yi-Fu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this article, we present an emergent universe scenario that can be derived from DHOST cosmology. The universe starts asymptotically Minkowski in the far past just like the regular Galileon Genesis, but evolves to a radiation dominated period at the late stage, and therefore, the universe has a graceful exit which is absent in the regular Galileon Genesis. We analyze the behavior of cosmological perturbations and show that both the scalar and tensor modes are free from the gradient instability problem. We further analyze the primordial scalar spectrum generated in various situations and discuss whether a scale invariance can be achieved.
2, 12, 117, 1959, 45171, 1170086, …: a Hilbert series for the QCD chiral Lagrangian
Authors: Gráf Lukáš , Henning Brian , Lu Xiaochuan , Melia Tom , Murayama Hitoshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe apply Hilbert series techniques to the enumeration of operators in the mesonic QCD chiral Lagrangian. Existing Hilbert series technologies for non-linear realizations are extended to incorporate the external fields. The action of charge conjugation is addressed by folding the$$ \mathfrak{su}(n) $$sunDynkin diagrams, which we detail in an appendix that can be read separately as it has potential broader applications. New results include the enumeration of anomalous operators appearing in the chiral Lagrangian at orderp8, as well as enumeration ofCP-even,CP-odd,C-odd, andP-odd terms beginning from orderp6. The method is extendable to very high orders, and we present results up to orderp16.(The title sequence is the number of independentC-evenand P-even operators in the mesonic QCD chiral Lagrangian with three light flavors of quarks, at chiral dimensionsp2,p4,p6, …)
Unimodular vs nilpotent superfield approach to pure dS supergravity
Authors: Bansal Sukruti , Nagy Silvia , Padilla Antonio , Zavala Ivonne 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent progress in understanding de Sitter spacetime in supergravity and string theory has led to the development of a four dimensional supergravity with spontaneously broken supersymmetry allowing for de Sitter vacua, also called de Sitter supergravity. One approach makes use of constrained (nilpotent) superfields, while an alternative one couples supergravity to a locally supersymmetric generalization of the Volkov-Akulov goldstino action. These two approaches have been shown to give rise to the same 4D action. A novel approach to de Sitter vacua in supergravity involves the generalisation of unimodular gravity to supergravity using a super-Stückelberg mechanism. In this paper, we make a connection between this new approach and the previous two which are in the context of nilpotent superfields and the goldstino brane. We show that upon appropriate field redefinitions, the 4D actions match up to the cubic order in the fields. This points at the possible existence of a more general framework to obtain de Sitter spacetimes from high-energy theories.
Genetics and breeding for climate change in Orphan crops
Authors: Kamenya Sandra Ndagire , Mikwa Erick Owuor , Song Bo , Odeny Damaris Achieng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractClimate change is rapidly changing how we live, what we eat and produce, the crops we breed and the target traits. Previously underutilized orphan crops that are climate resilient are receiving much attention from the crops research community, as they are often the only crops left in the field after periods of extreme weather conditions. There are several orphan crops with incredible resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. Some are nutritious, while others provide good sources of biofuel, medicine and other industrial raw materials. Despite these benefits, orphan crops are still lacking in important genetic and genomic resources that could be used to fast track their improvement and make their production profitable. Progress has been made in generating draft genomes of at least 28 orphan crops over the last decade, thanks to the reducing cost of sequencing. The implementation of a structured breeding program that takes advantage of additional modern crop improvement tools such as genomic selection, speed breeding, genome editing, high throughput phenotyping and breeding digitization would make rapid improvement of these orphan crops possible, but would require coordinated research investment. Other production challenges such as lack of adequate germplasm conservation, poor/non-existent seed systems and agricultural extension services, as well as poor marketing channels will also need to be improved if orphan crops were to be profitable. We review the importance of breeding orphan crops under the increasing effects of climate change, highlight existing gaps that need to be addressed and share some lessons to be learned from major crops.