bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal patterns in greenhouse gas emissions from lakes and ponds in a High Arctic polygonal landscape
Authors: Prėskienis Vilmantas , Laurion Isabelle , Bouchard Frédéric , Douglas Peter M. J. , Billett Michael F. , Fortier Daniel , Xu Xiaomei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLakes and ponds can be hotspots for CO2 and CH4 emissions, but Arctic studies remain scarce. Here we present diffusive and ebullition fluxes collected over several years from 30 ponds and 4 lakes formed on an organic‐rich polygonal tundra landscape. Water body morphology strongly affects the mixing regime—and thus the seasonal patterns in gas emissions—with ice‐out and autumnal turnover periods identified as hot moments in most cases. The studied thermokarst lake maintained relatively high ebullition rates of millennia‐old CH4 (up to 3405 14C YBP). Larger and deeper kettle lakes maintained low fluxes of both gases (century to millennium‐old), slowly turning into a CO2 sink over the summer. During winter, lakes accumulated CO2, which was emitted during the ice‐out period. Coalescent polygonal ponds, influenced by photosynthesizing benthic mats, were continuous CO2 sinks, yet important CH4 emitters (modern carbon). The highest fluxes were recorded from ice‐wedge trough ponds (up to 96 mmol CO2 equivalent m−2 d−1). However, despite clear signs of permafrost carbon inputs via active shore erosion, these sheltered ponds emitted modern to century‐old greenhouse gases. As the ice‐free period lengthens, scenarios of warmer and wetter conditions could favor both the production of CO2 and CH4 from thawing permafrost carbon, and CH4 production from recently fixed carbon through an atmospheric CO2‐to‐CH4 shunt at sites in which primary production is stimulated. This must be carefully considered at the landscape scale, recognizing that older carbon stocks can be mineralized efficiently in specific locations, such as in thermokarst lakes.
Historical contingency via priority effects counteracts environmental change on metacommunity dynamics across decades
Authors: García‐Girón Jorge , Lindholm Marja , Heino Jani , Toivonen Heikki , Alahuhta Janne 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCommunity ecology has had a strong focus on single snapshots of species compositional variation in time. However, environmental change often occurs slowly at relatively broad spatio‐temporal scales, which requires historically explicit assessments of long‐term metacommunity dynamics, such as the order of species arrival during community assembly (i.e., priority effects), a theme that merits further empirical quantification. In this study, we applied the Bayesian inference scheme of Hierarchical Modeling of Species Communities together with information on functional traits and evolutionary dependencies to efficiently explore the question of how ecological communities are organized in space and time. To do this, we used a comprehensive time‐series dataset from boreal lake plants and adopted the perspective that more sound conclusions on metacommunity dynamics can be gained from studies that consider a historically integrative approach over long timeframes. Our findings revealed that historical contingency via priority effects can profoundly shape community assembly under the influence of environmental change across decades (here, from the 1940s to the 2010s). Similarly, our results supported the existence of both positive and negative species‐to‐species associations in lake plants, suggesting that functional divergence can switch the inhibition–facilitation balance at the metacommunity level. Perhaps more importantly, this proof‐of‐concept study supports the notion that community ecology should include a historical perspective and suggests that ignoring priority effects may risk our ability to identify the true magnitude of change in present‐day biotic communities.
Duplication of 9p24.3 in three unrelated patients and their phenotypes, considering affected genes, and similar recurrent variants
Authors: Capkova Zuzana , Capkova Pavlina , Srovnal Josef , Adamova Katerina , Prochazka Martin , Hajduch Marian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies suggest that duplication of the 9p24.3 chromosomal locus, which includes the DOCK8 and KANK1 genes, is associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), intellectual disability/developmental delay (ID/DD), learning problems, language disorders, hyperactivity, and epilepsy. Correlation between this duplication and the carrier phenotype needs further discussion.MethodsIn this study, three unrelated patients with ID/DD and ASD underwent SNP aCGH and MLPA testing. Similarities in the phenotypes of patients with 9p24.3, 15q11.2, and 16p11.2 duplications were also observed.ResultsAll patients with ID/DD and ASD carried the 9p24.3 duplication and showed intragenic duplication of DOCK8. Additionally, two patients had ADHD, one was hearing impaired and obese, and one had macrocephaly. Inheritance of the 9p24.3 duplication was confirmed in one patient and his sibling. In one patient KANK1 was duplicated along with DOCK8. Carriers of 9p24.3, 15q11.2, and 16p11.2 duplications showed several phenotypic similarities, with ID/DD more strongly associated with duplication of 9p24.3 than of 15q11.2 and 16p11.2.ConclusionWe concluded that 9p24.3 is a likely cause of ASD and ID/DD, especially in cases of DOCK8 intragenic duplication. DOCK8 is a likely causative gene, and KANK1 aberrations a modulator, of the clinical phenotype observed. Other modulators were not excluded.
Is it time to revisit the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire? New insights from a Rasch model analysis
Authors: Jerosch‐Herold Christina , Bland Jeremy D. P. , Horton Mike 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) is a patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) used to measure symptom severity and function in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Despite its wide use, investigation of its measurement properties using modern psychometric methodologies is limited.MethodsCompleted BCTQ data collected routinely in the Canterbury carpal tunnel clinic was used to investigate the structural validity and measurement properties of the BCTQ through application of a Rasch model analytic approach.ResultsA total of 600 patients with electrodiagnostically confirmed CTS in their right hand were randomly selected from the database and analyzed. Mean age was 48.8 y, and 73% were women. Initial analysis showed that the 19 items could not be reliably added up to form a single linear construct. All subsequent analyses were done by subscale only.The Symptom Severity Subscale (SSS) displayed a large amount of local dependence. This could be accommodated through the creation of four clinically derived testlets, allowing for the ordinal SSS raw score to be transformed to a linear measure.The Functional Status Subscale (FSS) displayed a number of issues regarding its psychometric integrity. These include scale and item fit, targeting, differential item functioning, and dimensionality.ConclusionsThis study shows that a single total score generated across all BCTQ items is not psychometrically valid, and that the SSS and FSS subscales should be treated separately. We propose a modified scoring system for the SSS, resulting in a linear measure that can be used in the analysis of future and existing datasets.
Doctor—Should I get the COVID‐19 vaccine? Infection and immunization in individuals with neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Živković Sasha A. , Gruener Gregory , Narayanaswami Pushpa ,   the AANEM Quality and Patient Safety Committee
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe clinical course of neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) can be affected by infections, both in immunocompetent individuals, and in those with reduced immunocompetence due to immunosuppressive/immunomodulating therapies. Infections and immunizations may also trigger NMDs. There is a potential for reduced efficacy of immunizations in patients with reduced immunocompetence. The recent vaccination program for coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) raises several questions regarding the safety and efficacy of this vaccine in individuals with NMDs. In this Practice Topic article, we address the role of vaccine‐preventable infections in NMDs and the safety and efficacy of immunization in individuals with NMDs, with emphasis on vaccination against COVID‐19.
An extreme‐point tabu‐search algorithm for fixed‐charge network problems
Authors: Barr Richard S. , Glover Fred , Huskinson Toby , Kochenberger Gary 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe propose a new algorithm for fixed‐charge network flow problems based on ghost image (GI) processes as proposed in Glover (1994) and adapted to fixed‐charge transportation problems in Glover et al. (2005). Our GI algorithm iteratively modifies an idealized representation of the problem embodied in a parametric GI, enabling all steps to be performed with a primal network flow algorithm operating on the parametric GI. Computational testing is carried out on well‐known problems from the literature plus a new set of large‐scale fixed‐charge transportation and transshipment network instances. We also provide comparisons against CPLEX 12.8 and demonstrate that the new GI algorithm with tabu search (TS) is effective on large problem instances, finding solutions with statistically equivalent objective values at least 700 times faster. The attractive outcomes produced by the current GI/TS implementation provide a significant advance in our ability to solve fixed‐cost network problems efficiently and invites its use for larger instances from a variety of application domains.
Higher‐order algorithms for stable solutions of fractional time‐dependent nonlinear telegraph equations in space
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Hamid Muhammad , Liu Moubin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this article, three novel algorithms are developed and successfully applied to investigate the stable solutions of time‐fractional nonlinear telegraph equations. Firstly, we presented the shifted Gegenbauer polynomials through appropriate transformations. The approximation of a functionu(||x||,t) is defined via shifted Gegenbauer polynomials (SGPs) and then developed the operational matrices of a positive integer and non‐integer derivatives assisted by multi‐dimensional shifted Gegenbauer polynomials vectors. Linearized fully spectral method (LFSM) is proposed by means of function approximations and developed operational matrices whilst Picard iterative scheme is used to linearize the discussed problem. To introduce a semi‐discrete method (SDM), the temporal derivative is approximated through a central difference scheme whereas spatial derivatives are approximated assisted by novel operational matrices. A fully numerical method (FNM) is proposed by introducing the central difference for temporal and spatial variables. Proposed computational methods transform the time‐fractional nonlinear telegraph equation into a system of linear algebraic equations that are easier to tackle. An inclusive comparative study is witnesses that suggested schemes are effective, accurate and well‐matched to investigate the approximate solutions of the problems udnerstudy. Convergence and error bound of the suggested methods are investigated theoretically whereas stability analysis is performed numerically. Moreover, the developed methods can be used conveniently to examine the numerical solution of other multi‐dimensional highly nonlinear fractional or variable order problems of physical nature.
Semitotal domination number of some graph operations
Authors: Kartal Yıldız Zeliha , Aytaç Aysun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA semitotal dominating set S (abbreviated semi‐TD‐set) of graph G = (V, E) is a subset such that S is a dominating set and each vertex in the S is within 2 distance from the another vertex of S. The semitotal domination number, denoted by γt2(G), is the minimum cardinality taken over all semitotal dominating sets of G. In this paper, we examine the semitotal domination number of graphs obtained by some graph operations such as corona, join, modular product, and lexicographic product.
On the asymptotic behavior of a second‐order general differential equation
Authors: Say Fatih 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStudying ordinary or partial differential equations or integrals using traditional asymptotic analysis, unfortunately, fails to extract the exponentially small terms and fails to derive some of their asymptotic features. In this paper, we discuss how to characterize an asymptotic behavior of a singular linear differential equation by the methods in exponential asymptotics. This paper is particularly concerned with the formulation of the series representation of a general second‐order differential equation. It provides a detailed explanation of the asymptotic behavior of the differential equation and its relation between the prefactor functions and the singulant of the expansion of the equation. Through having this relationship, one can directly uncover and investigate invisible exponentially small terms and Stokes phenomenon without doing more work for the particular type of equations. Here, we demonstrate how these terms and form of the expansion can be computed straight‐away, and, in a manner, this can be extended to the derivation of the potential Stokes and anti‐Stokes lines.
Advances in quantitative high‐throughput phosphoproteomics with sample multiplexing
Authors: Paulo Joao A. , Schweppe Devin K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEukaryotic protein phosphorylation modulates nearly every major biological process. Phosphorylation regulates protein activity, mediates cellular signal transduction, and manipulates cellular structure. Consequently, the dysregulation of kinase and phosphatase pathways has been linked to a multitude of diseases. Mass spectrometry‐based proteomic techniques are increasingly used for the global interrogation of perturbations in phosphorylation‐based cellular signaling. Strategies for studying phosphoproteomes require high‐specificity enrichment, sensitive detection, and accurate localization of phosphorylation sites with advanced LC‐MS/MS techniques and downstream informatics. Sample multiplexing with isobaric tags has also been integral to recent advancements in throughput and sensitivity for phosphoproteomic studies. Each of these facets of phosphoproteomics analysis present distinct challenges and thus opportunities for improvement and innovation. Here, we review current methodologies, explore persistent challenges, and discuss the outlook for isobaric tag‐based quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis.
Seroprevalence of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibodies in children with household exposure to adults with COVID‐19: Preliminary findings
Authors: Buonsenso Danilo , Valentini Piero , De Rose Cristina , Pata Davide , Sinatti Dario , Speziale Domenico , Ricci Rosalba , Carfì Angelo , Landi Francesco , Ferrari Vittoria , De Maio Flavio , Palucci Ivana , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Sali Michela ,   the Gemelli Against COVID‐19 Post‐Acute Care Study Group
Published: January 2021

AbstractWeather and the susceptibility of children to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is still a debated question and currently a hot topic, particularly in view of important decisions regarding opening schools. Therefore, we performed this prospective analysis of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in children with known household exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 and compared their IgG status with the other adults exposed to the index case in the same household. A total of 30 families with a documented COVID‐19 index case were included. A total of 44 out of 80 household contacts (55%) of index patients had anti SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibodies. In particular, 16/27 (59,3%) adult partners had IgG antibodies compared with 28/53 (52,3%) of pediatric contacts (p > .05). Among the pediatric population, children ≥5 years of age had a similar probability of having SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibodies (21/39, 53.8%) compared to those less than 5 years old (7/14, 50%) (p > .05). Adult partners and children also had a similar probability of having SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibodies. Interestingly, 10/28 (35.7%) of children and 5/27 (18.5%) of adults with SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibodies were previously diagnosed as COVID‐19 cases. Our study shows evidence of a high rate of IgG antibodies in children exposed to SARS‐CoV‐2. This report has public health implications, highlighting the need to establish appropriate guidelines for school openings and other social activities related to childhood.
Active aging in the countryside: Space, place and the performance of leisure–work lifestyles in contemporary rural China
Authors: Chen Ningning , Chen Jingfu , Ko Pei‐Chun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the performance of active aging by Chinese rural elders amidst rapid rural restructuring. Drawing on a study of combined leisure–work lifestyles of elderly males in rural Wenzhou, southeast China, it highlights the significance of space and place in forming and shaping active aging in the countryside. The wider rural transformation prompted by industrialisation and modernisation provides opportunities for them to (re)make a temple leisure space and an elderly porter centre in/through which they reconfigure everyday practices and aged identities as ‘modern subjects’ and ‘good parents.’ Such reconfiguration is simultaneously shaped by place‐based norms such as ‘living a self‐sufficient later life.’ It is also found that their experiences and practices of active aging are continuously mediated in time‐spaces. This is demonstrated by the influence of spatial openness and proximity and the tempo‐spatial negotiation of past experiences and differences during the performance of active aging. This paper advances a geographical approach to exploring active aging in the countryside and enriches our understanding of active aging in contemporary (rural) China.
First passage time control charts assuming power law intensity for time to jointly monitor time and magnitude
Authors: Ali Sajid 
Published: January 2021

AbstractControl charts are essential tools to monitor the quality of a process and commonly used in many industries besides industrial production. Due to the industrial revolution, many products have very low failure chances and labeled as the high‐quality products, where the time‐between‐events (TBE) charts are commonly used to monitor such processes. This study purposes control charts to monitor time and magnitude assuming the power law process for the TBE whereas the magnitude is assumed cumulative as well as noncumulative over time. Besides two illustrative examples, a comparison to the existing rate and first passage time (FPT) charts is also presented in this study. It is shown numerically that the proposed charts are more efficient than the existing FPT and rate charts.
Lung cancer presenting as an acute appendicitis
Authors: Callum Jack , Paik Julie , Hibbert Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAppendiceal metastasis is a rare complication of primary lung cancer and an extremely rare cause of appendicitis. We present the case of a 62‐year‐old male who presented with right lower quadrant abdominal pain which revealed not only appendiceal inflammation, but also a lung mass and mediastinal lymph nodes. He then proceeded to appendicectomy and two days post‐operatively an endobronchial ultrasound‐guided biopsy. His mediastinal lymph node biopsy revealed a lung adenocarcinoma and his subsequent appendiceal immunohistochemistry revealed the same staining pattern for thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF‐1) and cytokeratin 7 (CK‐7). We conducted a literature review which revealed 12 previous case reports of lung metastasis to the appendix causing appendicitis including three patients in whom appendicitis was the presenting complaint leading to lung cancer diagnosis. This case highlights the diversity of presentations for patients suffering from metastatic lung cancer.
Rapid Controllable Synthesis of Atomically Dispersed Co on Carbon under High Voltage within One Minute
Authors: Du Junyi , Wu Geng , Liang Kuang , Yang Jia , Zhang Yida , Lin Yue , Zheng Xusheng , Yu Zhen‐Qiang , Wu Yuen , Hong Xun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDeveloping a rapid and low cost approach to access atomically dispersed metal catalysts (ADMCs) supported by carbon is important but still challenging. Here, an electric flash strategy using high voltage for the rapid fabrication of carbon‐supported ADMCs within 1 min is reported. Continuous plasma arc results in nitrogen‐doped carbon ultrathin nanosheets, while an intermittent spark pulse constructs carbon hollow nanospheres via blasting effect, and both structures are decorated with atomically dispersed cobalt. The latter catalyst shows a half‐wave potential of 0.887 V versus RHE (47 mV higher than commercial Pt/C) in an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media. The authors’ work paves the way to rapid synthesis of carbon‐supported ADMCs at both low cost and mass production.
Effects of physical activities on dementia‐related biomarkers: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Kadota Aya , Akash Maksudul Shadat , Pruitt Patrick J , Miura Katsuyuki , Albin Roger , Dodge Hiroko H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionPhysical activities (PA) may lead to improved cognition in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and dementia. The mechanisms mediating potential PA effects are unknown. Assessment of PA effects on relevant biomarkers may provide insights into mechanisms underlying potential PA effects on cognition.MethodsWe systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that studied PA effects on biomarkers in MCI, AD, and dementia populations. We examined whether biological mechanisms were hypothesized to explain associations among PA, biomarkers, and cognitive functions. We used the PubMed database and searched for RCTs with PA until October 31, 2019.ResultsOf 653 studies examining changes in biomarkers in PA trials, 18 studies met inclusion criteria for the present review. Some studies found favorable effects of PA on neurotrophic and inflammatory biomarkers. AD pathological markers were rarely investigated, with inconclusive results. Most studies were relatively small in sample size, of limited duration, and not all studies compared the changes in biomarkers between the control and experimental groups.DiscussionThere is only limited use of potentially informative biomarkers in PA trials for MCI, AD, and dementia. Most studies did not examine the role of biomarkers to study associations between PA and cognitive functions in their analyses. Several potential biomarkers remain uninvestigated. Careful use of biomarkers may clarify mechanisms underlying PA effects on cognition. Our review serves as a useful resource for developing future PA RCTs aimed at improving cognitive functions in MCI, AD, and dementias.