bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation Hardness Test of a Silicon Detector under Radiation Dose Rate of Nuclear Power Plant for In-Containment Coolant Leakage Detection System
Authors: Kim Jongheon , Pak Kihong , Park Junesic , Kim Yong Kyun 
Published: November 2021

An influence evaluation by background radiation on a silicon detector, which will be used to detect a coolant leakage, and installed in a containment building of a nuclear power plant, was performed and the result was discussed. The detector that consists of a silicon sensor and preamplifier mounted in a shielding structure which composed of a 5 cm lead cylinder will be installed in an annulus zone that is influenced by background radiation (neutron and gamma ray) from an operation of a nuclear reactor. Absorbed dose rates on a silicon sensor and preamplifier were calculated as 2.15 mGy/hr and 1.05 mGy/hr, respectively, by Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) simulation. Data of background radiation had referred to a Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) of a nuclear power plant in the Republic of Korea.
A silicon sensor and preamplifier were irradiated by a Co60 gamma radiation source equipped in a facility of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (KAERI ARTI) of the Republic of Korea. A Po-210 alpha source was used as a check source to evaluate a state of a function of the detector during gamma irradiation. Absorbed dose rates were about 22.92 mGy/hr and 6.6 mGy/hr on silicon sensor and preamplifier, respectively. Before and during gamma irradiation, a count rates from the check source wasn`t changed (from 18.4 cps to 18.4±0.2 cps after irradiation), and any degradations of function also weren`t observed. Even more harsh condition than calculated dose rates referred by the condition of background radiation of in-containment, the silicon detector maintained the ability of function of charged particles detection. Based on the result, it has been demonstrated that a silicon detector is a suitable detector for detecting charged particles from a leaked coolant even during interfered by the background radiation of a primary system of a nuclear power plant.
Pre-heating by defocusation of the CO2-Laser polishing beam: an experimental report from the lab-floor -INVITED
Authors: Bliedtner Jens , Faehnle Oliver , Layher Anne-Marie , Hassel Robin , Barz Andrea 
Published: November 2021

The laser beam polishing for glass and plastics is a purely thermal process and melts the ground or lapped structures to a depth of limited extent. This results in a smoothing of the surface, whereby the 1st - 4th order shape deviations can be corrected very well and transparent surfaces are
created. The process is excellently suited for quartz glasses and other optical glasses with a low coefficient of expansion α. Furthermore, thermoplastics or metallic molds for injection molding and precision molding applications can also be polished with the laser beam. On the other hand, special measures are required for glasses with a high α, e.g. preheating of the component. For the investigations, a defocused laser beam was used for the defined preheating of glasses with high linear expansion coefficients. After reaching the material-specific preheating temperature, the laser beam
was focused and the polishing process started. A defined cooling process follows again with a defocused beam. In this way, a ground biconvex lens made of boron crown glass was successfully polished. The laser-polished surfaces have an RMS value of 1- 3 nm. The polishing process can be used very flexibly. Likewise, very differently shaped optical components can be polished.
The newly developed polishing regime is transferable to other optical glasses with high linear expansion coefficients.
Axial Spondyloarthritis and New Bone Formation
Authors: Syrbe Uta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAxial spondyloarthritis is an inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton. Its
pathogenesis is only partly understood. At the beginning, there are inflammatory
changes in the sacroiliac joints which are followed by inflammation in vertebral
bodies and in facet joints. Low back pain occurring in the morning hours is the
dominant clinical symptom. In the early phase, inflammatory changes are
detectably by MRI. Inflammation promotes a process of joint remodelling in the
sacroiliac joints which leads to erosions, sclerosis and bony bridging,
i. e. ankylosis, which are detectable by X-ray. In the spine, vertical
osteophytes developing at sites of previous inflammation connect vertebral
bodies as syndesmophytes. Additional ossification of longitudinal ligaments
contributes to the so-called bamboo spine. Ossification of the spine promotes
fixation of a severe kyphosis of the thoracic spine which strongly impairs spine
mobility and quality of life. High disease activity seems a prominent risk
factor for development of structural damage. However, although NSAIDs improve
clinical symptoms, they do not reduce new bone formation. In contrast,
TNFα and IL-17 inhibitors seem to retard new bone formation apart from
their clinical efficacy. Research work of the last years identified
immunological pathways of inflammation. However, the trigger and cellular
components of the immune reaction in the bone marrow are still poorly defined.
Osteoclasts are involved in the destruction of the subchondral bone, while
osteoblasts facilitate new bone formation and cartilage ossification. This
review gives an overview about diagnostics and therapy of axSpA and about risk
factors for the development of structural damage. Concepts about the immune
pathogenesis and joint remodeling in AS are given under recognition of genetic
and histopathological studies.
Prinzipien aus Gestalttheorie und Gestalttherapie in Beziehung zur Homöopathie Samuel Hahnemanns
Authors: Menhard Konrad 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungZiel dieser Arbeit ist es, die wesentlichen Elemente der Gestalttheorie und Gestalttherapie für die Homöopathie fruchtbar zu machen. Dafür werden grundlegende Gemeinsamkeiten im Denken, im methodischen Vorgehen, in Diagnostik und Therapie der Homöopathie mit Gestalttheorie und Gestalttherapie beschrieben.
Novel Insights into the Ontogenetic and Functional Heterogeneity of
Macrophages in Synovial Tissue and Bone
Authors: Percin Gulce Itir , Grüneboom Anika , Waskow Claudia , Culemann Stephan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInflammatory joint diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) belong to the most
prevalent autoimmune disorders. RA is characterized by a massive infiltration of
immune cells into synovial tissue, cartilage destruction and bone erosion. The
perpetuating inflammatory and destructive milieu is associated with severe pain
and culminates in complete disability of synovial joints. The events initiating
RA are still not fully understood and the treatments are mainly confined to
strategies that modify and inhibit the body’s immune system. Macrophages
and osteoclasts (OC) are myeloid cells of the innate immune system and are
considered to play a central role in the inflammatory and destructive events of
arthritis by production of inflammatory cytokines and mediating pathological
bone resorption. In recent years, the use of novel fate mapping strategies
identifying the origin and cellular development (ontogeny) of OC and macrophages
in conjunction with new genetically modified mouse models, single cell analysis
and advanced imaging techniques substantially changed our understanding on the
ontogenetic and functional heterogeneity of these cells.
Young British tourists' tourism-related information sources.
Authors: Zaim Ilma Aulia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

This chapter is the work of Ilma Aulia Zaim and studies a specific market segment, young British tourists aged 18-35, and how these pursue tourism-related information sources that eventually affect their travel decision-making prior to visiting a destination. The study offers significant insight into destination management organizations(DMO)regarding young British travellers' characteristics and offers suggestions to them such as the types of information they should share on their websites and which of them are really valuable for the particular tourism market segment.
New tourism experiences and mature destinations: the role of participatory planning in repositioning a southern Italy destination.
Authors: Calza Francesco , Simoni Michele , Sorrentino Annarita , Trunfio Mariapina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

This chapter is the work of Francesco Calza, Michele Simoni, Annarita Sorrentino and Mariapina Trunfio, who study the role of participatory planning in repositioning a southern Italy destination, Centola-Palinuro in the Campania region. This contribution deals with a demand-driven destination that suffers from several challenges such as seaside seasonality, mass-market demand and low spending. The case argues that a participatory planning process that involves local stakeholders can have a significant impact in the repositioning of the destination by reshaping the tourism offering in the area through stakeholder engagement.
Managing hybrid destinations: challenges and lessons from the Alps.
Authors: Bausch Thomas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Using the example of the Alps, it was shown that hybridity in tourism touches primarily three marketing fields: (a) Product. Because of attractions that change their character and level of appeal throughout the year or are linked to yearly events and habits, the perception of the core elements of the destination's image varies; (b) Communication. The hybridity of the product implies the need to address different target groups, as the changing focus of the destination image attracts different, often disjunctive or mutually exclusive, consumer groups; and (c) Pricing. Similar to all fields of consumption, an increasing polarization between low cost or bargain trips and high priced luxury travelling can be found. Some travellers prefer either lowcost or luxury travelling, while others change their expenditure from trip to trip.
Nazi past and destination image: the case of Linz, Austria.
Authors: Iordanova Elitza 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Positioning or repositioning a destination on the already overcrowded market is a challenging task in normal circumstances but paired with difficult heritage it could be a major obstacle for any DMO. The current study tentatively suggests that nationality influences the richness and intensity of respondents' associations with Linz where the internationals were more likely to have a higher number of spontaneous associations (keywords) than Austrians, which is in contrast with that of Reilly (1990) reporting that respondents living far away from a destination were found to lack a vivid image of it. Moreover, the Nazi past appears to be still deeply rooted in Linz's brand despite the DMO's continuous attempts to reposition the destination's image by consciously or subconsciously trying to refute its difficult heritage and focusing its marketing efforts on promoting Linz's vivid cultural life.
Promoting intangible cultural heritage through social networks: a case study of the Fête de l'ours in France.
Authors: Arcos-Pumarola Jordi , Conill-Tetuà Marta 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Considering the cultural relevance of ICH and its meanings for communities, and the fact that it is increasingly becoming an asset of destinations in promoting tourism, the use of ICH in social networks must be put in the spotlight to identify best practices of transmitting the meanings of ICH through social networks. An analysis of the use of ICH in the context of social networks will also illuminate which particular tourist image is being transmitted by the various agents and stakeholders that interact with social networks. In this vein, this chapter will present a case study based on the Fête de l'Ours, a celebration performed in three rural villages in the south of France, looking at how it is explained within a particular social network, namely, Instagram. In this way, the case study will aim to: (i) identify the elements of the festivity that are highlighted by locals and visitors in their Fête de l'Ours account on Instagram; and (ii) analyse how locals, visitors and stakeholders explain and share the experience of the festival.
Phytophthora hedraiandra
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO  
Published: November 2021

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for
Phytophthora hedraiandra
De Cock & Man in 't Veld. Oomycetes: Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae. Hosts:
Viburnum
spp.,
Rhododendron
spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Japan), Europe (Czechia, Hungary, Italy, Mainland, Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, Balearic Islands, Switzerland, UK, England), North America (USA, California, Minnesota, Virginia), Oceania (Australia, Victoria).
Cherry rasp leaf virus. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO  
Published: November 2021

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for Cherry rasp leaf virus. Picornovirales: Secoviridae: Cheravirus. Hosts:
Prunus
spp.,
Malus
spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China, Liaoning, Shandong) and North America (Canada, British Columbia, Quebec, USA, California, Colorado, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin).
Seromas: How to Prevent and Treat Them—a 20-Year Experience
Authors: Turer David M , Aly Al 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Seromas are a common complication in plastic surgery. In this article, the authors describe their approach to the prevention and treatment of seromas and include a discussion of the evolution of their techniques. They provide specific technical details for many body contouring operations, including abdominoplasty, belt lipectomy, brachioplasty, and thighplasty. Many of the authors’ techniques question the traditional dictums of plastic surgery, and they hope to encourage others to consider novel techniques for the treatment and prevention of seromas.

Level of Evidence: 4
Serum potassium variability as a predictor of clinical outcomes in patients with cardiorenal disease or diabetes: a retrospective UK database study
Authors: James Glen , Kim Jennifer , Mellström Carl , Ford Kerrie L , Jenkins Nia C , Tsang Carmen , Evans Marc , McEwan Phil 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Hyperkalaemia is an electrolyte abnormality associated with adverse clinical outcomes; however, few studies have investigated the relationship with patterns of hyperkalaemia over time. This study explored the impact of time spent in a hyperkalaemic state and variability of serum potassium (sK+) on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), resistant hypertension, heart failure and diabetes.

Methods
Cohorts comprised adult patients diagnosed with CKD stage 3+, resistant hypertension, heart failure or diabetes, and/or renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor prescription, between 1 January 2003 and 30 June 2018, from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Associations between percentage of follow-up spent in a hyperkalaemic state (sK+ ≥5.0 mmol/L, ≥5.5 mmol/L, ≥6.0 mmol/L) or sK+ variability (standard deviation above or below median standard deviation) and all-cause mortality or MACE were investigated.

Results
For sK+ ≥5.0 mmol/L, time spent in a hyperkalaemic state was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality across all cohorts. For higher sK+ thresholds, this trend was attenuated or reversed; for time spent in a hyperkalaemic state at sK+ ≥6.0 mmol/L, an increased risk of mortality was seen in the overall cohort and for patients with diabetes, resistant hypertension or prescribed renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors, with no consistent association seen for patients with CKD or heart failure. Risk of MACE in the overall cohort and in patients with CKD, diabetes or resistant hypertension increased with time spent in a hyperkalaemic state at all sK+ thresholds; however, no correlation was seen in patients with heart failure or those receiving dialysis. High sK+ variability was associated with a higher risk of MACE compared with low sK+ variability across most sK+ categories in the overall population and in all disease cohorts, except patients on dialysis; however, no association between sK+ variability and all-cause mortality was observed.

Conclusions
Patterns of hyperkalaemia, including time spent in hyperkalaemia and sK+ variability, are associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Regular monitoring of sK+ in high-risk populations in broader community, primary care and outpatient settings may enable guideline-recommended management of hyperkalaemia and help avoid adverse events.
Optimization of BSA-seq experiment for QTL mapping
Authors: Huang Likun , Tang Weiqi , Wu Weiren 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Deep sequencing-based bulked segregant analysis (BSA-seq) has become a popular approach for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in recent years. Effective statistical methods for BSA-seq have been developed, but how to design a suitable experiment for BSA-seq remains unclear. In this paper, we show in theory how the major experimental factors (including population size, pool proportion, pool balance, and generation) and the intrinsic factors of a QTL (including heritability and degree of dominance) affect the power of QTL detection and the precision of QTL mapping in BSA-seq. Increasing population size can improve the power and precision, depending on the QTL heritability. The best proportion of each pool in the population is around 0.25. So, 0.25 is generally applicable in BSA-seq. Small pool proportion can greatly reduce the power and precision. Imbalance of pool pair in size also causes decrease of the power and precision. Additive effect is more important than dominance effect for QTL mapping. Increasing the generation of filial population produced by selfing can significantly increase the power and precision, especially from F2 to F3. These findings enable researchers to optimize the experimental design for BSA-seq. A web-based program named BSA-seq Design Tool is available at http://124.71.74.135/BSA-seqDesignTool/ and https://github.com/huanglikun/BSA-seqDesignTool.
Transcriptional profile and chromatin accessibility in zebrafish melanocytes and melanoma tumors
Authors: Kramer Eva T , Godoy Paula M , Kaufman Charles K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Transcriptional and epigenetic characterization of melanocytes and melanoma cells isolated from their in vivo context promises to unveil key differences between these developmentally related normal and cancer cell populations. We therefore engineered an enhanced Danio rerio (zebrafish) melanoma model with fluorescently labeled melanocytes to allow for isolation of normal (wild type) and premalignant (BRAFV600E-mutant) populations for comparison to fully transformed BRAFV600E-mutant, p53 loss-of-function melanoma cells. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate these populations, we performed high-quality RNA- and ATAC-seq on sorted zebrafish melanocytes vs. melanoma cells, which we provide as a resource here. Melanocytes had consistent transcriptional and accessibility profiles, as did melanoma cells. Comparing melanocytes and melanoma, we note 4128 differentially expressed genes and 56,936 differentially accessible regions with overall gene expression profiles analogous to human melanocytes and the pigmentation melanoma subtype. Combining the RNA- and ATAC-seq data surprisingly revealed that increased chromatin accessibility did not always correspond with increased gene expression, suggesting that though there is widespread dysregulation in chromatin accessibility in melanoma, there is a potentially more refined gene expression program driving cancerous melanoma. These data serve as a resource to identify candidate regulators of the normal vs. diseased states in a genetically controlled in vivo context.
A high-resolution genome of an euryhaline and eurythermal rhinogoby (Rhinogobius similis Gill 1895)
Authors: Hu Yun , Lu Liang , Zhou Tao , Sarker Kishor Kumar , Huang Junman , Xia Jianhong , Li Chenhong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Rhinogobius similis is distributed in East and Southeast Asia. It is an amphidromous species found mostly in freshwater and sometimes brackish waters. We have obtained a high-resolution assembly of the R. similis genome using nanopore sequencing, high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), and transcriptomic data. The assembled genome was 890.10 Mb in size and 40.15% in GC content. Including 1373 contigs with contig N50 is 1.54 Mb, and scaffold N50 is 41.51 Mb. All of the 1373 contigs were anchored on 22 pairs of chromosomes. The BUSCO evaluation score was 93.02% indicating high quality of genome assembly. The repeat sequences accounted for 34.92% of the whole genome, with retroelements (30.13%), DNA transposons (1.64%), simple repeats (2.34%), and so forth. A total of 31,089 protein-coding genes were predicted in the genome and functionally annotated using Maker, of those genes, 26,893 (86.50%) were found in InterProScan5. There were 1910 gene families expanded in R. similis, 1171 gene families contracted and 170 gene families rapidly evolving. We have compared one rapidly change gene family (PF05970) commonly found in four species (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, Neogobius melanostomus, Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus, and R. similis), which was found probably related to the lifespan of those species. During 400–10 Ka, the period of the Guxiang Ice Age, the population of R. similis decreased drastically, and then increased gradually following the last interglacial period. A high-resolution genome of R. similis should be useful to study taxonomy, biogeography, comparative genomics, and adaptive evolution of the most speciose freshwater goby genus, Rhinogobius.