bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluasi Penerapan Good Manufacturing Practice dan Sanitation Standard Operating Procedure pada Rumah Pemotongan Hewan Unggas di Bogor
Authors: Nurjanah Siti , Rahayu Winiati Puji , Najib Rara Nabila 
Published: January 2021

Microbial contamination in chicken meat is caused by unsanitary practices during slaughtering in poultry slaughtering house. Poultry slaughtering house need to apply Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and Sanitation Standard Operating Procedure (SSOP) system to produce the standard microbial requirements of meat. This study was aimed to evaluate the implementation of GMP and SSOP and categorize 30 slaughtering houses located in Bogor. Observation was carried out in 4 modern slaughtering houses (RPH-U) and 26 traditional slaughtering houses (TPH-U). Parameter evaluation was determined based on the Indonesian national standard SNI 01-6160-1999 and the veterinary control certificates which consisted of eight aspects of GMP and six aspects of SSOP. The categorization was clustered in five levels. The results showed that modern slaughtering houses were categorized into 1st and 2nd level, whilst traditional slaughtering houses were categorized into 2nd and 3rd level. The highest incompliance of GMP in modern slaughtering house was the waste treatment aspect (31%) and in traditional slaughtering house was the cold storage presence aspect (95%). The highest incompliance of SSOP in modern slaughtering house was the sanitation facilities and avoiding cross-contamination aspect (21%) and in traditional slaughtering house was the cleanliness of food contact surface aspect (97%). There are some recommendations for improvement the fulfillment of GMP and SSOP aspects based on the critical parameters. Keywords: chicken meat, Good Manufacturing Practice, modern slaughteringhouse, Sanitation Standard Operating Procedure, standard slaughteringhouses
Pertumbuhan Batang Bawah Karet pada Beberapa Komposisi Media Tanam dalam Root Trainer
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi , Atminingsih Atminingsih , Febrianto Eka Boby , Maharany Rina Maharany 
Published: January 2021

The rubber tree rootstock nursery using the root trainer method is aimed to promote root growth through the use of non-soil growing media in a special container. This technology offers the advantages of a shortened breeding process, good rooting, and ease of delivery. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the planting media composition of oil palm bunches compost, manure, rice husk, solid decanter, and Trichoderma viride on the growth of rubber rootstock under the root trainer method. The research was carried out in the greenhouse of the Sungei Putih Research Center, Indonesian Rubber Research Institute, Deli Serdang, North Sumatra in January-May 2019. The observation included plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, dry weight, and root length, and successful grafting percentage. The results indicated that the mixture of oil palm bunches compost, solid decanter, and Trichoderma viride (Te treatment) was the most potential to be developed as a planting media for rubber rootstock nursery under root trainer system. At 18 weeks after planting, the Te treatment had an average height of 82.66 + 14.27 cm with an increment rate of 3.25 + 0.81 cm/week, number of leaves 11.33 + 3.21 leaves with the increment of 0.52 + 0.20 leaves/week, stem diameter 5.29 + 0.73 mm with an increase of 0.33 + 0.05 mm/week. The Te treatment had a length and root weight of 41.97 + 2.40 cm and 1.68 + 0.77 g, respectively, with the grafting successfulness percentage of 47.37%. Besides showing good growth, these materials are also available in large and continuous quantities. The use of Trichoderma viride not only for increasing plant growth but also as a biocontrol of white root disease. Keywords: growth, growing media, Hevea brasiliensis, rootstock, root trainer
Review Manajemen Rantai Pasok Produk Pertanian Berkelanjutan: Konseptual, Isu Terkini, dan Penelitian Mendatang
Authors: Jaya Rachman , Yusriana Yusriana , Fitria Eka 
Published: January 2021

Recently, the interest of academic and research institutions in sustainable agric-supply chain management (SASCM) has risen. This fact can be seen from the number of papers published as special issues. Agric-supply chain management is a substance deepening from conventional supply chain management which is discussing integration of economical, environmental, and social aspects to reach a goal of organization. The objective of this research was to describe the state of the art about this topic and future research issues. The number of papers analyzed were 111 articles published from 2003–2020. The articles were obtained from scientific provider such as Science direct, EBSCO, Cross-Reff, Researchgate, DOAJ, Academia.Edu, and Google Scholar. In this research, we cluster (SASCM) to several items such as supply chain management, sustainable supply chain management, and sustainable supply chain management for agricultural product. The content analysis was used to describe the state of the arts and novelty. The result of the study show that it is critical for the actors of agricultural business to apply sustainability concepts including economic, social, environmental, and institution on the systems of agricultural supply chain based on industry 4.0 approach to reach a sustainable business process. Synthesis and determination of main topics of research in the future is undertaken at the end. Keywords: agricultural product, management, sustainable supply chain
Evaluation of Occupational Exposure of Bus Drivers to Road Particulate Matter in Bojnurd, Iran
Authors: Sepahi Zoeram Faeze , Mehri Hamidreza , Faramarzi Koohsar Meisam , Hassan Zadeh Maryam , Esmaeilzadeh Kavaki Morteza 
Published: January 2021

Background: Drivers of public vehicles, especially in highly polluted and crowded areas, are exposed to high air pollutants, especially particulate matter less than ten microns (PM10). The purpose of this study was to measure and evaluate the level of exposure of city bus drivers to PM10 particles in Bojnurd, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in Bojnurd, Iran. A sampling of particulate matter was taken through bus drivers' respiratory area in two routes from the main routes of the city using the Haz-Dust device. This device has been designed and manufactured based on the NIOSH-500 method. Using an impactor 10, the amount of particulate matter less than ten microns was read from the device. Particle sampling was performed in both round-trip buses in three shifts in the morning, noon, and evening for one year. The results of the measurements were statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics and mean statistical indices, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test and One-way ANOVA test at 95% significance level by SPSS software version 24.
Results: A total of 420 times, PM10 particles were measured in the drivers' respiratory area. Approximately 21% of the measurement days had a concentration of more than 150 micrograms per cubic meter of air (or µg/m3). Measurements show that among 140 days of measurement, the highest concentration was on May 21 (with 380.66 µg/m3 of air), and the lowest concentration was on August 9 (with 35.33 µg/m3 of air). The average daily exposure of drivers in this one-year was 151.29 µg/m3 of air.
Conclusion: The exposure of city bus drivers to PM10 particles in Bojnurd was much higher than recommended by the World Health Organization (50 µg/m3 of air) and slightly higher than the US Environmental Protection Agency standard (150 µg/m3 of air), which predisposes them to cardiovascular disease in the future. The active buses on these two routes did not use the air conditioning system, which allowed suspended particles to penetrate the bus from the outside. It is suggested that in order to reduce the drivers' exposure, effective control measures should be adopted and implemented as soon as possible, such as launching an air conditioning system equipped with a HEPA filter.
THE SOCIAL VIOLENCE AND REGIME CHANGES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Shalihin Nurus , Firdaus  , Sholihin Muhammad , Ashadi Andri 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the study: This paper aims to explain social violence during the transition of three regimes in Indonesia, from the Old Order to the New Order and from the New Order to the Reformation. This paper also analyzes the motives behind the violence at each transition of the regimes.
Methodology: The research was conducted through a literature study by examining media documents, magazines, research reports, scientific articles, and books on various social violence practices in every three regimes in Indonesia.
Main Findings: The result of the study found that the social violence in Indonesia has occurred in various forms and motives. Five types of social violence have been identified, communal violence, separatist violence, state-community violence, industrial relations violence, and political violence. The social violence has used as a tool to silence the past and carry out political propaganda by elites and to gain the power by opposition. Thus, it argues that all social violence practices are constructed by various interests of the regimes and anti-regimes.
Applications of this study: This study provides a mapping of violence in every political and regime transition in Indonesia. Thus, this study can be applied for two important issues. First, this study can be used as reference in anticipating political violence in the national and regional election process in Indonesia in particular, and other countries in general. Second, for developing countries, this study can be used as reference as reference in mapping and analyzing various social violence practices that accompany the transition process.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The recent studies of violence in Indonesia covered the issues of religious, ethnic, economic and political violence. There are limited studies violence and democracy transition in Indonesia and it’s relation to political regimes. This article focuses on violence and its relationship with the political regimes and regime’s changes in Indonesia.
Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Kuersetin dan Ekstrak Lengkuas Menggunakan HPLC dan UV-Vis
Authors: Cahyono Bambang , Prihatini Christiana Suci , Suzery Meiny , Bima Damar Nurwahyu 
Published: January 2021

The radical scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) is generally carried out using a spectrophotometric method. In this study, the value of the antioxidant activity was compared to the HPLC method. Samples used were pure quercetin and extracts of red galangal (Alpinia purpurata) and white galangal (Alpinia galanga). Analysis of antioxidant activity using a UV/Vis spectrophotometer was carried out at a wavelength of 515 nm. Analysis by HPLC method was carried out using an inverse phase with a UV/Vis detector at 515 nm. The results showed that the radical scavenging activity (IC50) of the pure quercetin produced was nearly the same value for the spectrophotometric method (16.24 ppm) dan the HPLC method (15.24 ppm). Even though, the antioxidant activity of pure quercetin was different from the extract. The red galangal extract gave IC50 of 488.43±1.13 ppm (spectrophotometric method) and IC50 of 68.12±10.19 ppm (HPLC method). The radical scavenging activity (IC50) of white galangal extract using the spectrophotometric method and HPLC method was 462.47±2.98 and 62.17±3.87 ppm, respectively. The allegation of other molecular interference in the radical reduction of the extract resulted in a conclusion that the HPLC is better than the spectrophotometric method for determining antoxidant activity of extract sample. Keywords: Antioxidant, Alpinia purpurata, Alpinia galanga, DPPH Aktivitas peredaman radikal 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) pada umumnya dilakukan menggunakan metode spektrofotometer. Dalam penelitian ini, nilai aktivitas antioksidan tersebut telah dibandingkan dengan metode HPLC. Sampel ujinya adalah senyawa kursetin murni dan ekstrak lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata) dan lengkuas putih (Alpinia galanga). Analisis aktivitas antioksidan dengan spektrofotometer UV/Vis dilakukan pada panjang gelombang 515 nm. Analisis dengan metode HPLC dilakukan menggunakan fasa inverse dengan detektor UV/Vis pada 515 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas peredaman radikal senyawa murni kuersetin menghasilkan nilai yang hampir sama untuk kedua metode yaitu IC50 sebesar 17,05 ppm untuk metode spektrofotometer dan IC50 sebesar 15,74 ppm untuk metode HPLC. Akan tetapi, nilai aktivitas antioksidan kuersetin jauh berbeda untuk ekstrak. Ekstrak lengkuas merah memberikan IC50 sebesar 488,43±1,13 ppm (metode spektrofotometer) dan 68,12±10,19 ppm (metode HPLC). Aktivitas peredaman radikal ekstrak lengkuas putih dengan metode spektrofotometer dan HPLC dengan IC50 sebesar 462,89±5,38 dan 62,17±3,87 ppm, berturut-turut. Dugaan adanya interferensi molekul lain dalam analisis peredaman radikal terhadap ekstrak ini menghasilkan suatu kesimpulan bahwa metode HPLC lebih baik digunakan dalam analisis antioksidan dibandingkan metode spektrofotometer untuk sampel berupa ekstrak. Kata kunci: Antioksidan, Alpinia purpurata, Alpinia galanga, DPPH
روايات المحدثين الإندونيسيين للأربعينيات (دراسة عن مؤلفات نووي البنتني ومحفوظ الترمسي ومختار بن عطارد).
Authors: Rasyid Daud 
Published: January 2021

(Abstract)
This article analyzes hadith science works of Indonesian Muslim scholars. Being the largest Muslim country, Indonesian scholars who settled in al-Haramayn in 13th H, have more significant works than other Arab region scholars. One of it is Kitab “Arba`īn” that compiled forty ḥadīth about life. It has a simple style, easy to remember, unconvoluted, and does not contain different schools of thought. The era’s leading figures who wrote about the Arba`īn and its explanation (sharah) of famous scholar’s works, are Kiyai Nawawi from Banten, Kyai Mahfūzh from Termas, Mukhtar `Atorid from Bogor, Syekh Yasin from Padang. There is also the book Arba`īn on forty ḥadīth from forty books of forty sheikhs in forty cities. This study’s main data is collected from the works of Nawawi Banten on Imām Suyūti’s “Tanqīḥ qaul al-hathīth bi syaraḥ lubāb al-ḥadīth”. In this article, the author also compares the mentioned scholar works with other similar woks then presented analysis based on the Ḥadīth knowledge.
Keywords : Narration, The Prophet saying, Ḥadīth Scholar, Indonesian `Ulamā, Arba`īn

ملخص : يتناول هذا المقال مؤلفات العلماء الإندونيسيين المفيمين ببلد الحرمين في القرن الثالث عشر من الهجرة ، في علم الحديث خاصة . كان لهم دور لا يقل عن دور علماء العرب حينذاك حيث كان لهم مؤلفات متميزة في فنون مختلفة وتنوعت مؤلفاتهم في الحديث منها تأليف الأربعينيات وهو جمع أربعين حديثا من مصادر مختلفة وموضوعات متنوعة. ولعل الهدف منه تسهيل المجتمع العام للرجوع إلى مصادر دينهم دون الخوض في الخلافات ، والتعصب المذهبي. وهذا النمط يساعد المبتدئين في التفقه في دينهم ، وكان أمثال نووي البنتني ، ومحفوظ الترمسي ومختار عطارد البوغوري وياسين الفاداني من بين الرموز المشهورة. ومن بين أعمالهم شرح الأربعين وجمع أربعين حديثا من أربعين كتابا من أربعين شيخا من أربعين بلدا. وكان مرجع هذا البحث مؤلفات هؤلاء مثل كتاب (تنقيح القول الحثيث شرح لباب الحديث للسيوطي) للنووي ، وكتابي (المنحة الخيرية) و(الخلعة الفكرية) للترمسي و(أربعين) مختار بن عطارد. وعمل الكاتب هنا مقارنة تلك المؤلفات بالمؤلفات المشابهة وشيئ من التحليل العلمي المناسب.
الكلمات المفتاحية : الروايات ، الحديث ، المحدثون ، الإندونيسيون ، الأربعين .
Hermeneutika Hadis tentang “ Hidupkan Saya Bersama Orang Miskin.” (Analisis Kualitas dan Sharh Hadis)
Authors: Siregar Khairil Ikhsan Siregar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article discusses the text of the hadith: "Hadith Turns Me With the Poor People" from the side of the hadiths and understands the hadith using the hermeneutic theory approach in the hadith. This research is research based on the library (library research). The approach used is descriptive qualitative which aims to describe or describe the existing or actual facts of the object under study. The results of this study indicate that the quality of the hadiths from the narrative path is dha'if (weak) based on the comments of hadith critics scholars in the books of al-jarh wa al-ta'dil and the hadith scholars conclusion that hadith dha'īf is not including false it can be part of moralities. The real method of hermeneutics to explain hadith texts contributes to enriching the explanation of the explanation hadiths, or sharh hadiths, so the meaning of the hadith text is that the words of miskin( poverty), al-masakin(needy) mean humility, reverence, and humbleness. And the meaning of hadith has been strengthened by presenting other hadiths as witnesses or i'tibar(regard).
Keywords: hermeneutics, hadith, poor.
Abstrak
Artikel ini membahas teks hadits: “Hadits Hidupkan Saya Bersama Orang Miskin” dari sisi sanad/jalur periwayatan hadistnya dan memahami hadits dengan pendekatan teori hermeneutika dalam hadits. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif berdasarkan perpustakaan (library research). Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan atau menggambarkan kenyataan yang ada atau kenyataan aktual dari objek yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kulitas hadist dari jalur periwayatnya dha’if atau lemah berdasarkan komentar ulama kritikus hadits dalam kitab-kitab al-Jarh wa al-Ta’dil dan simpulan ulama hadits bahwa hadits dha’if yang bukan hadits palsu dapat dijadikan bagian dari fadha’il al-a’mal. Sesungguhnya metode hermeneutika untuk menjelaskan teks-teks hdits memberi kontribusi memperkaya upaya penjelasan/ syarh hadits/ teks hadits maka makna teks hadits bahwa ucapan kemiskinan / miskinan , al-masakin maknanya adalah kerendahan hati, ke_khusyu’-an dan tawadhu’. Dan makna hadits telah dikuatkan dengan menghadirkan hadits-hadits lain sebagai syaksi/i’tibar.
Kata Kunci: hermeneutika, hadits, miskin
Unsupervised Learning Through Generalized Mixture Model
Authors: Pal Samyajoy , Heumann Christian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A generalized way of building mixture models using different distributions is explored in this article. The EM algorithm is used with some modifications to accommodate different distributions within the same model. The model uses any point estimate available for the respective distributions to estimate the mixture components and model parameters. The study is focused on the application of mixture models in unsupervised learning problems, especially cluster analysis. The convenience of building mixture models using the generalized approach is further emphasised by appropriate examples, exploiting the well-known maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimates of the parameters of the parent distributions.
Transfixing abdominal gunshot wound without intra-abdominal lesions: A case report
Authors: Paul Axler Jean , Mele Nelle-Ange , Medeus Ricardo Arens Jean , Raphael Weber Erne Shooles , Aurelien Novensky 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Abdominal gunshot trauma is considered the third leading cause of death in the USA and is responsible for more than 90% of deaths among young people aged 15 to 24. It leads to multi-systemic organ damage, shock, and infection. Case presentation A 20-year-old male alcohol and tobacco user with no relevant health history was admitted at Hôpital de l’Université d’Etat d’Haïti, in the emergency Surgery Department for an abdominal bullet wound. The initial clinical examination was unremarkable except for the presence of hemorrhagic lesions. A few hours later, the patient became diaphoretic, complained of abdominal pain. In view of his rapidly developing condition, he was prepared for the operating room. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, in which 100 cc of blood was found effusing into the abdominal cavity, without any intraperitoneal visceral damage. Systematic exploration showed retroperitoneal hematomas in zone II, where a wound in the psoas muscle was found on the posterior left, in the path of the exit wound of the projectile. Bone splinters were also present on the right in the path of the entrance wound, indicating a fracture of the iliac bone.Conclusion This case reminds us about the uncertain trajectory of projectiles in abdominal gunshot wounds and the possible lesions to which one is exposed, and that despite the apparent hemodynamic stability exploratory laparotomy still has its place where medical imaging technology is not available.
Social distancing in risk society: a cross-national analysis of policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hussain A H M Belayeth 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Countries that implement strict policy measures to combat coronavirus contagion increase their probability of achieving successful social distancing practice when compared to the countries without such strict policies. I used Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) to perform regression models and show differences in social distancing efforts. I utilized 3,997 observations for 132 countries, drawn from the Oxford CGRT Stringency Index and Google Community Mobility data. The results show that people’s community mobility to various locations has flattened significantly as policy measures become stricter. I considered the current underlying health situation to be symptomatic of a risk society and argued that policy interventions’ effectiveness in response to COVID-19 depends on political leaders, public health authorities, and institutions’ credibility. Political rhetoric, politically motivated scientific solutions, and political downplaying of the underlying health implications weaken the responsible organizations and institutions, particularly when political leaders undermine inclusive stringent policies and their implementation.