bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical reestablishment of golf greens following winter damages – A field study
Authors: Lönnberg Carl‐Johan , Aamlid Trygve S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDead greens in spring due to winterkill is common on Nordic golf courses. The objective of this research was to evaluate drop seeding, spike seeding and slit seeding of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.‘007’) and rough bluegrass (Poa trivialis L.) in comparison with an unseeded control treatment for reestablishment of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) putting greens after winterkill. Three trials were conducted on golf courses in Central Sweden (60–61° N, 15–16° E 70–170 m a.s.l.); two in 2017 with soil temperatures varying from 6 to 16 °C during the trial period, and one in 2018 with temperatures varying from 13 to 26 °C. On average for the three trials, turfgrass coverage 4 and 6 wk after seeding was better with spike seeding or slit seeding than with drop seeding which was not different from the unseeded control. Creeping bent grass and rough bluegrass coverage did not differ on average for three trials but slit seeded rough bluegrass had better coverage after 4 wk than any of the other treatments on average for the two trials in 2017. Together with the evaluation of seed mixtures in the SCANGREEN program, this research shows that slit seeding of rough bluegrass can be recommended for faster recovery of winterkilled annual bluegrass greens in central and northern parts of the Nordic countries. Rough bluegrass can either be seeded alone to enable faster golf course opening, or it can be seeded in mixture with creeping bentgrass as part of a long‐term strategy to replace annual bluegrass with creeping bentgrass.
Surface decoration and characterization of solar driven biochar for the removal of toxic aromatic pollutant
Authors: Amjed Muhammad Ahsan , Wu Xiange , Ali Imran , Naz Iffat , Dai Min , Tehrim Aafia , Niaz Waqas , Javaid Sheikh Fahad , Peng Changsheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the current work, the conventional pyrolysis technique was replaced by new concentrated solar power (CSP) driven technique to fabricate and modify biochar (BC) for more sustainable, energy independent, cost‐effective, and ecofriendly pyrolysis processes. Double‐glazed vacuum tube was used as a reactor for pyrolysis along with solar tracking system on CSP plant, meanwhile nitrogen flow was maintained during pyrolysis to create an inert environment. Further, a novel approach was used to modifying BC by loading bimetal oxide (Mn‐Ferrite) on pristine biochar (P‐BC) using pre‐ and post‐treatment to enhance its sorption capacity for anionic aromatic pollutant i.e., Eriochromie Black T (EBT) dye from aqueous solution.RESULTSFerric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O) and Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSo4·7H2O) were used to develop magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) γ‐Fe2O3by co‐precipitation technique. Both Biomass and P‐BC were treated with MnCl2·4H2O and MNPs to fabricate an innovative bi‐metal oxide (MnFe2O4) biochar. The characterization of modified biochars via Elemental analyzer, SEM (scanning‐electron‐microscopy), BET (Brunauer–Emmet–Teller), XPS (X‐ray‐photoelectron‐spectroscopy), FTIR (Fourier‐transform‐infrared‐spectra), and VSM (Vibrating‐sample‐magnetometer), ensured the loading of magnetic bimetal oxide over P‐BC. Various kinetic and isotherm models were employed from which pseudo‐second‐order have proven to be the best fit kinetic model on all types of BCs with highest correlation coefficient value (R2 = 0.999). While among isotherm models, Langmuir demonstrated best regression coefficient (R2 = 0.98) and Qmax for EBT was up to 121.95 mg·g−1.CONCLUSIONSAltogether, the results indicated that innovative Mn‐ferrite loaded BC has better sorption ability to EBT than simple metal oxide of Mn and Fe. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
A simplified kinetic model to describe the solvent‐free enzymatic synthesis of wax esters
Authors: Serrano‐Arnaldos Mar , Murcia M Dolores , Ortega‐Requena Salvadora , Montiel M Claudia , Máximo Fuensanta , Gómez Elisa , Bastida Josefa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of biotechnological processes at industrial scale is a promising tool to replace conventional synthesis as an efficient and eco‐friendly technology. For that purpose, the kinetic modelling of an in‐lab optimized enzymatic process prior to scaling‐up is of great utility.RESULTSIn this work, a kinetic model for the solvent‐free synthesis of cetyl laurate, myristate, palmitate and stearate using different commercial immobilized lipases has been developed. In order to describe the esterification process of the cetyl esters separately and as a mixture similar to natural spermaceti, a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic has been proposed and tested. A relation between the inverse values of the kinetic constant and the amount of biocatalyst has been observed. The effect of temperature on the reaction rate can be accurately described by the Arrhenius equation except for immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosus, which appears to be less resistant to temperatures above 70 °C.CONCLUSIONLow deviations between experimental and predicted values (R2 ≥ 0.99) indicate that this pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model can be considered valid for the data range studied. In addition, the reaction rate of spermaceti can be successfully predicted through a weighted average of the kinetic constants obtained during the synthesis of each cetyl ester. This simple but accurate kinetic model for describing the solvent‐free enzymatic biosynthesis of wax esters from spermaceti may contribute to extending the application of lipases as industrial catalysts. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Accelerating biodegradation of an azo dye by using its inorganic intermediates
Authors: Zhang Chengji , Peng Qian , Xuan Runhe , Zhang Yongming , Xue Gang , Sun Weihua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe discharge of textile wastewater can cause various environment problems. How to remove these dyes in effluents effectively remains a major concern in wastewater treatment. In this work, the accelerating biodegradation effect of two inorganic intermediates generated by UV irradiation on a monoazo dye, Acid Orange 7 (AO7), was studied in a biofilm reactor.RESULTSThe biodegradation reaction fitted well with fractional‐order kinetics. The promotion effects of k trend for the two inorganic intermediates were NH4+ addition > SO42− addition (> AO7 biodegradation alone). NH4+ ions increased biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) gradually: compared with 0.5 mg L−1 addition protocol, the BOD of 3 mg L−1 addition protocol was enhanced about five‐fold. SO42− ions showed a positive effect at low concentration and a negative effect at high concentration. In addition, the effect of the two inorganic intermediates on aerobic microbial respiration rate (i.e. SOUR) was similar to BOD. Based on the analysis of high‐throughput sequencing and cluster of orthologous groups, a mechanism of accelerating azo dye biodegradation by using its available intermediates was proposed.CONCLUSIONThis work revealed that the main inorganic intermediates of the azo dye could accelerate its biodegradation rates. In addition, the bioreactor provided an integrated anaerobic/aerobic micro‐environment that was beneficial to promoting this acceleration effect. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Impacts of low‐disturbance dairy manure incorporation on ammonia and greenhouse gas fluxes in a corn silage–winter rye cover crop system
Authors: Sherman Jessica F. , Young Eric O. , Jokela William E. , Cavadini Jason 
Published: April 2021

AbstractManure and fertilizer applications contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia (NH3) emissions. Losses of NH3 and nitrous oxide (N2O) are an economic loss of nitrogen (N) to farms, and methane (CH4), N2O, and carbon dioxide (CO2) are important GHGs. Few studies have examined the effects of low‐disturbance manure incorporation (LDMI) on both NH3 and GHG fluxes. Here, NH3, N2O, CH4, and CO2 fluxes in corn (Zea mays L.)–winter rye (Secale cereale L.) field plots were measured under fall LDMI (aerator/band, coulter injection, strip‐till, sweep inject, surface/broadcast application, broadcast‐disk) and spring‐applied urea (134 kg N ha–1) treatments from 2013 to 2015 in central Wisconsin. Whereas broadcast lost 35.5% of applied ammonium‐N (NH4–N) as NH3–N, strip‐till inject and coulter inject lost 0.11 and 4.5% of applied NH4–N as NH3, respectively. Mean N2O loss ranged from 2.7 to 3.6% of applied total N for LDMI, compared with 4.2% for urea and 2.6% for broadcast. Overall, greater CO2 fluxes for manure treatments contributed to larger cumulative GHG fluxes compared with fertilizer N. There were few significant treatment effects for CH4 (P > .10); however, fluxes were significantly correlated with changes in soil moisture and temperature. Results indicate that LDMI treatments significantly decreased NH3 loss but led to modest increases in N2O and CO2 fluxes compared with broadcast and broadcast‐disk manure incorporation. Tradeoffs between N conservation versus increased GHG fluxes for LDMI and other methods should be incorporated into nutrient management tools as part of assessing agri‐environmental farm impacts.
The COVID‐19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia and the impact on patient safety incident reports: An empirical study among the medical facilities of Qassim health cluster
Authors: Al‐Shaya Sultan , Al‐Reshidi Ayed , Farajat Majeda , Elnefiely Aliaa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia (SA) has placed substantial challenges on its health care system, which raised our concern about the possible influence on patient safety culture. Therefore, this study aimed to provide empirical evidence on how the COVID‐19 outbreak impacted patient safety incident reports (PSIRs) among the Qassim Health Cluster (QHC) in SA. This retrospective study assessed a total of 23,481 inpatient PSIRs from 22 medical facilities. We compared data on PSIRs between COVID‐19 period (March–July 2020) and a comparable pre‐COVID‐19 period (March–July 2019). PSIRs were classified according to “Saudi Patient Safety Taxonomy.” In the COVID‐19 period: inpatient admissions have significantly dropped by one‐fourth, and the median score of PSIRs significantly increased to 30.6/100 inpatients. Nevertheless, there were no changes in PSIRs harm level. The top five areas of reporting were related to: patient care, medication, infection control, staff, and facility maintenance. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the frequency rate of PSIRs by facility bed capacity. The significant increase in PSIRs at COVID‐19 time can be perceived as a positive outcome. Our view considers both the COVID‐19 crisis and future health crises. The lessons learned here should be employed to promote sustainable preparedness and responses to subsequent crises.
Dysregulation of homocysteine homeostasis in acute intermittent porphyria patients receiving heme arginate or givosiran
Authors: To‐Figueras Jordi , Wijngaard Robin , García‐Villoria Judit , Aarsand Aasne K. , Aguilera Paula , Deulofeu Ramon , Brunet Mercè , Gómez‐Gómez Àlex , Pozo Oscar J. , Sandberg Sverre 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAcute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare metabolic disease caused by mutations within the hydroxymethylbilane synthase gene. Previous studies have reported increased levels of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) in symptomatic AIP patients. In this study, we present long‐term data for tHcy and related parameters for an AIP patient cohort (n = 37) in different clinical disease‐states. In total, 25 patients (68%) presented with hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy; tHcy > 15 μmol/L) during the observation period. HHcy was more frequent in AIP patients with recurrent disease receiving heme arginate, than in nonrecurrent (median tHcy: 21.6 μmol/L; range: 10‐129 vs median tHcy: 14.5 μmol/L; range 6‐77). Long‐term serial analyses showed a high within‐person tHcy variation, especially among the recurrent patients (coefficient of variation: 16.4%‐78.8%). HHcy was frequently associated with low blood concentrations of pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate and folate, while cobalamin concentration and the allele distribution of the methylene‐tetrahydrofolate‐reductase gene were normal. Strikingly, 6 out of the 9 recurrent patients who were later included in a regime of givosiran, a small‐interfering RNA that effectively reduced recurrent attacks, showed further increased tHcy (median tHcy in 9 patients: 105 μmol/L; range 16‐212). Screening of amino acids in plasma by liquid‐chromatography showed co‐increased levels of methionine (median 71 μmol/L; range 23‐616; normal <40), suggestive of acquired deficiency of cystathionine‐β‐synthase. The kynunerine/tryptophan ratio in plasma was, however, normal, indicating a regular metabolism of tryptophan by heme‐dependent enzymes. In conclusion, even if HHcy was observed in AIP patients receiving heme arginate, givosiran induced an aggravation of the dysregulation, causing a co‐increase of tHcy and methionine resembling classic homocystinuria.
Breeding Ecology of Mottled Ducks: A Review
Authors: Bonczek Elizabeth S. , Ringelman Kevin M. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTMottled ducks (Anas fulvigula) are endemic to the Gulf Coast of North America, and their range stretches from Alabama to the Laguna Madre of Mexico, with a distinct population in peninsular Florida and an introduced population in South Carolina. As one of the few non‐migratory ducks in North America, mottled ducks depend on a variety of locally available habitat throughout the annual cycle, and threats to these landscapes may affect mottled ducks more acutely than migratory species. Annual population monitoring has revealed declines in mottled duck populations in Texas and Louisiana since 2008, and the genetic integrity of the Florida population has been muddled by the presence of large numbers of feral mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) resulting in hybridization. Similar to other closely related dabbling ducks, mottled duck populations are influenced by recruitment and breeding season survival, so changes in these factors may contribute to population decline. Accordingly, researchers have attempted to address various aspects of mottled duck breeding season ecology and population dynamics since the 1950s. We conducted a literature review on this topic by searching a combination of key terms using Google Scholar, including mottled duck, nesting ecology, habitat use, breeding incidence, nest success, brood, and breeding season survival, and followed citation trees to eventually aggregate information from nearly 50 publications on mottled duck breeding ecology. Our review concluded that mottled ducks use brackish and intermediate coastal marsh, including managed impoundments, and agricultural land during the breeding season. Their nests can be found in pastures, levees, dry cordgrass marsh, cutgrass marsh, spoil banks, and small islands. Nesting propensity and nest success estimates are often lower than other waterfowl species that are characterized by stable or increasing populations. Broods use wetlands composed of a mix of open water with submerged and emergent vegetation. Breeding season survival is higher for the Florida population than the western Gulf Coast population, but adult survival in both geographies is comparable to (or higher than) that of other dabbling duck species. Breeding habitat use, breeding season survival, and nest‐site selection and success have been studied extensively in mottled ducks, whereas information on nesting propensity, renesting intensity, and post‐hatch ecology is lacking. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Clinical Features of Essential Voice Tremor and Associations with Tremor Severity and Response to Octanoic Acid Treatment
Authors: Lowell Soren Y. , Kelley Richard T. , Dischinat Nicole , Monahan Marika , Hosbach‐Cannon Carly J. , Colton Raymond H. , Mihaila Dragos 
Published: April 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical features, tremor variability, and factors related to octanoic acid (OA) treatment response in essential voice tremor (EVT).Study DesignProspective, double blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study with secondary analysis.MethodsClinical tremor features in 16 individuals with EVT were comprehensively assessed, and correlations with acoustic tremor severity were determined. Intrasubject and intersubject variability measures were analyzed from 18 repeated measures for each acoustic tremor variable. Clinical correlates of treatment response were evaluated, and cumulative effects over a 2‐week period of OA drug dosing were assessed.ResultsParticipants with EVT were 90% female with a mean age of 70.31 (±8.68) years at the time of testing. Neurologist‐rated body tremor beyond the vocal tract region was present in 69% of participants, and multiple vocal tract regions contributed to the voice tremor. The mean frequency of amplitude tremor was 4.67 Hz (±0.88). Respiratory tremor was evident in 50% of participants. Participants experienced moderate voice‐related disability as assessed on the Voice Handicap Index‐10 (19.38, ±8.50), and increased speaking effort. Acoustic tremor severity was significantly associated with severity of tremor affecting vocal tract structures. Overall intrasubject consistency was strong (single measures intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.701, P < .01), with high intersubject variability. Acoustic tremor severity was significantly, positively associated with treatment response, and results suggested a cumulative OA benefit for magnitude of amplitude tremor.ConclusionsThis study identified common clinical correlates of EVT and demonstrated positive associations between acoustic tremor severity, severity of affected vocal tract structures, and response to treatment.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 131:E2792–E2801, 2021
Optimal Arytenoid Position in Laryngeal Framework Surgery: An Anatomic Human Larynx Study
Authors: Burckardt Elizabeth S. , Lopez‐Guerra Gerardo , Kobler James B. , Tynan Monica A. , Petrillo Robert H. , Van Stan Jarrad H. , Burns James A. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to better understand the effects of stitch placement on arytenoid medialization by measuring normative cricoarytenoid joint anatomy and changes in arytenoid position when varying arytenopexy stitch configuration.MethodsThis adult human larynx study was done in two parts. First, measurements of the cricoid and arytenoid cartilage anatomy relevant to cricoarytenoid joint function were made in 45 preserved larynges (26 male (M), 19 female (F)) using digital calipers. Second, the arytenoids of six fresh larynges ( three M, three F) were sutured to the cricoid using various arytenopexy‐stitch placements ranging from inferior‐lateral to superior‐medial, and the resulting arytenoid positions were compared by measuring medial displacement of the arytenoid body and change in glottal configuration from macro still images using Image J. Paired t‐tests were used to compare the results.ResultsCartilage and joint facet dimensions showed differences between males (M) and females (F). Cricoid facet lengths averaged 9.3 mm (M) and 7.1 mm (F), and widths averaged 4.9 mm (M) and 4.0 mm (F). The arytenoid facet widths averaged 10.5 mm (M) and 9.7 mm (F). Average distances between cricoid facets were 11.8 mm for both males and females. Securing the arytenoid superior‐medially on the cricoid facet produced more medialization (2.2 mm vs 1.0 mm, P < .001) and better glottic aperture configuration (9.5° vs 2.7°, P < .001) than securing the arytenoid inferior‐laterally on the facet.ConclusionsAnatomic consistency in cricoarytenoid anatomy provides reliable surgical landmarks for ideal placement of an arytenopexy suture to optimally reposition the arytenoid cartilage. Optimal arytenoid medialization can be accurately reproduced with an arytenopexy‐suture that is placed superior‐medially on the cricoid facet.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:2540–2544, 2021
Strategies of shredders when feeding on low‐quality leaf‐litter: Local population adaptations or fixed species traits?
Authors: Fenoy Encarnación , Rubio‐Ríos Juan , González José M. , Salinas María J. , Moyano Francisco J. , Casas J. Jesús 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe linkage between leaf‐litter and macroinvertebrate shredders is pivotal for stream food webs. Global change is predicted to decrease the nutritional quality of litter inputs to streams. However, little is known about shredder's ability to develop local interpopulation adaptations to face nutrient‐depleted leaf‐litter. We hypothesized that this adaptation could be present in populations receiving low‐quality leaf‐litter. We performed feeding tests on three abundant shredders species from lowland (a snail) and mountain (two insects) streams. Two populations of each species were derived from two subregions contrasting in average quality of litter inputs. Individuals were fed on four diets of contrasting quality: two leaf‐litter species with two qualities each, and their feeding rates, survivorship, growth, and energetic storage were evaluated. Results suggest that local population adaptation to low‐quality litters is not common, being essentially a fixed species trait that varies across species, in particular among snails and insects. The ability of the snail to cope with low‐quality litters suggests that ecosystem processes in lowland streams may resist reductions in litter quality. Conversely, potential alterations of riparian vegetation linked to global changes might disrupt mountain stream ecosystem functioning.
Irradiance modulates thermal niche in a previously undescribed low‐light and cold‐adapted nano‐diatom
Authors: Kling Joshua D. , Kelly Kyla J. , Pei Sophia , Rynearson Tatiana A. , Hutchins David A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDiatoms have well‐recognized roles in fixing and exporting carbon and supplying energy to marine ecosystems, but only recently have we begun to explore the diversity and importance of nano‐ and pico‐diatoms. Here, we describe a small (ca. 5 μm) diatom from the genus Chaetoceros isolated from a wintertime temperate estuary (2°C, Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island), with a unique obligate specialization for low‐light environments (< 120 μmol photons m−2 s−1). This diatom exhibits a striking interaction between irradiance and thermal responses whereby as temperatures increase, so does its susceptibility to light stress. Historical 18S rRNA amplicon data from our study site show this isolate was abundant throughout a 6‐yr period, and its presence strongly correlates with winter and early spring months when light and temperature are low. Two amplicon sequence variants matching this isolate had a circumpolar distribution in Tara Polar Ocean Circle samples, indicating its unusual light and temperature requirements are adaptations to life in a cold, dark environment. We expect this isolate's low light, psychrophilic niche to shrink as future warming‐induced stratification increases both light and temperature levels experienced by high latitude marine phytoplankton.