bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The H i Column Density Distribution of the Galactic Disk and Halo
Authors: French David M. , Fox Andrew J. , Wakker Bart P. , Lehner Nicolas , Howk J. Christopher , Savage Blair D. , Richter Philipp , O’Meara John , Borthakur Sanchayeeta , Heckman Timothy , Norman Colin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present a census of neutral gas in the Milky Way disk and halo down to limiting column densities of N(H i) ∼ 1014 cm−2 using measurements of H i Lyman series absorption from the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer. Our results are drawn from an analysis of 25 AGN sight lines spread evenly across the sky with Galactic latitude ∣b∣ ≳ 20°. By simultaneously fitting multi-component Voigt profiles to 11 Lyman series absorption transitions covered by FUSE (Lyβ–Lyμ) plus HST measurements of Lyα, we derive the kinematics and column densities of a sample of 152 H i absorption components. While saturation prevents accurate measurements of many components with column densities 17 ≲ log N(H i) ≲ 19, we derive robust measurements at log N(H i) ≲ 17 and log N(H i) ≳ 19. We derive the first ultraviolet H i column density distribution function (CDDF) of the Milky Way, both globally and for low-velocity (ISM), intermediate-velocity clouds (IVCs), and high-velocity clouds (HVCs). We find that IVCs and HVCs show statistically indistinguishable CDDF slopes, with β
IVC =

−

1.01

−
0.14

+
0.15

and β
HVC =

−

1.05

−
0.06

+
0.07

. Overall, the CDDF of the Galactic disk and halo appears shallower than that found by comparable extragalactic surveys, suggesting a relative abundance of high column density gas in the Galactic halo. We derive the sky-covering fractions as a function of H i column density, finding an enhancement of IVC gas in the northern hemisphere compared to the south. We also find evidence for an excess of inflowing H i over outflowing H i, with −0.88 ± 0.40 M
⊙ yr−1 of HVC inflow versus ≈0.20 ± 0.10 M
⊙ yr−1 of HVC outflow, confirming an excess of inflowing HVCs seen in UV metal lines.
The Apparent Tail of the Galactic Center Object G2/DSO
Authors: Peißker Florian , Zajaček Michal , Eckart Andreas , Ali Basel , Karas Vladimír , Sabha Nadeen B. , Grellmann Rebekka , Labadie Lucas , Shahzamanian Banafsheh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Observations of the near-infrared excess object G2/DSO increased attention toward the Galactic center and its vicinity. The predicted flaring event in 2014 and the outcome of the intense monitoring of the supermassive black hole in the center of our Galaxy did not fulfill all predictions about a significantly enhanced accretion event. Subsequent observations addressed the question concerning the nature of the object because of its compact shape, especially during its periapse in 2014. Theoretical approaches have attempted to answer the contradictory behavior of the object, resisting the expected dissolution of a gaseous cloud due to tidal forces in combination with evaporation and hydrodynamical instabilities. However, assuming that the object is instead a dust-enshrouded young stellar object seems to be in line with the predictions of several groups and observations presented in numerous publications. Here we present a detailed overview and analysis of the observations of the object that have been performed with SINFONI (VLT) and we provide a comprehensive approach to clarify the nature of G2/DSO. We show that the tail emission consists of two isolated and compact sources with different orbital elements for each source rather than an extended and stretched component as it appeared in previous representations of the same data. Considering our recent publications, we propose that the monitored dust-enshrouded objects are remnants of a dissolved young stellar cluster whose formation was initiated in the circumnuclear disk. This indicates a shared history, which agrees with our analysis of the D- and X-sources.
MOJAVE. XIX. Brightness Temperatures and Intrinsic Properties of Blazar Jets
Authors: Homan D. C. , Cohen M. H. , Hovatta T. , Kellermann K. I. , Kovalev Y. Y. , Lister M. L. , Popkov A. V. , Pushkarev A. B. , Ros E. , Savolainen T. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present multiepoch, parsec-scale core brightness temperature observations of 447 active galactic nucleus (AGN) jets from the MOJAVE and 2 cm Survey programs at 15 GHz from 1994 to 2019. The brightness temperature of each jet over time is characterized by its median value and variability. We find that the range of median brightness temperatures for AGN jets in our sample is much larger than the variations within individual jets, consistent with Doppler boosting being the primary difference between the brightness temperatures of jets in their median state. We combine the observed median brightness temperatures with apparent jet speed measurements to find the typical intrinsic Gaussian brightness temperature of 4.1( ± 0.6) × 1010 K, suggesting that jet cores are at or below equipartition between particle and magnetic field energy in their median state. We use this value to derive estimates for the Doppler factor for every source in our sample. For the 309 jets with both apparent speed and brightness temperature data, we estimate their Lorentz factors and viewing angles to the line of sight. Within the BL Lac optical class, we find that high-synchrotron-peaked BL Lacs have smaller Doppler factors, lower Lorentz factors, and larger angles to the line of sight than intermediate and low-synchrotron-peaked BL Lacs. We confirm that AGN jets with larger Doppler factors measured in their parsec-scale radio cores are more likely to be detected in γ rays, and we find a strong correlation between γ-ray luminosity and Doppler factor for the detected sources.
Global Coronal Equilibria with Solar Wind Outflow
Authors: Rice Oliver E. K. , Yeates Anthony R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Given a known radial magnetic field distribution on the Sun’s photospheric surface, there exist well-established methods for computing a potential magnetic field in the corona above. Such potential fields are routinely used as input to solar wind models, and to initialize magneto-frictional or full magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the coronal and heliospheric magnetic fields. We describe an improved magnetic field model that calculates a magneto-frictional equilibrium with an imposed solar wind profile (which can be Parker’s solar wind solution, or any reasonable equivalent). These “outflow fields” appear to approximate the real coronal magnetic field more closely than a potential field, take a similar time to compute, and avoid the need to impose an artificial source surface. Thus they provide a practical alternative to the potential field model for initializing time-evolving simulations or modeling the heliospheric magnetic field. We give an open-source Python implementation in spherical coordinates and apply the model to data from solar cycle 24. The outflow tends to increase the open magnetic flux compared to the potential field model, reducing the well-known discrepancy with in situ observations.
Multiwavelength Observations of Sgr A*. I. 2019 July 18
Authors: Michail Joseph M. , Wardle Mark , Yusef-Zadeh Farhad , Kunneriath Devaky 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present and analyze ALMA submillimeter observations from a multiwavelength campaign of Sgr A* during 2019 July 18. In addition to the submillimeter, we utilize concurrent mid-infrared (mid-IR; Spitzer) and X-ray (Chandra) observations. The submillimeter emission lags less than δ
t ≈ 30 minutes behind the mid-IR data. However, the entire submillimeter flare was not observed, raising the possibility that the time delay is a consequence of incomplete sampling of the light curve. The decay of the submillimeter emission is not consistent with synchrotron cooling. Therefore, we analyze these data adopting an adiabatically expanding synchrotron source that is initially optically thick or thin in the submillimeter, yielding time-delayed or synchronous flaring with the IR, respectively. The time-delayed model is consistent with a plasma blob of radius 0.8 R
S (Schwarzschild radius), electron power-law index p = 3.5 (N(E) ∝ E
−p
), equipartition magnetic field of B
eq ≈ 90 Gauss, and expansion velocity

v

exp

≈
0.004
c

. The simultaneous emission is fit by a plasma blob of radius 2 R
S, p = 2.5, B
eq ≈ 27 Gauss, and

v

exp

≈
0.014
c

. Since the submillimeter time delay is not completely unambiguous, we cannot definitively conclude which model better represents the data. This observation presents the best evidence for a unified flaring mechanism between submillimeter and X-ray wavelengths and places significant constraints on the source size and magnetic field strength. We show that concurrent observations at lower frequencies would be able to determine if the flaring emission is initially optically thick or thin in the submillimeter.
Evaluation of Trypanosoma cruzi parasitic load by real-time PCR and blood culture in long-term kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Jesus Guimarães Ferreira Juliana , Antonio de Almeida Eros , Barbosa Marcon Gláucia Elisete , Gonçalves Lima Rodrigo , Barroso Pereira Mariane , Ramos Gadelha Fernanda , Mazzali Marilda , Martins Luiz Cláudio , Silva Wanderley Jamiro , Botelho Costa Sandra Cecília 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Acute Chagas disease involving reactivation can occur after organ transplant, and follow-up by direct parasitological or molecular methods is essential for monitoring the parasitic load in such patients. In contrast, there is a little data on the parasitic load in long-term organ recipients. In this study, we examined the parasitic load in long-term kidney transplant patients and assessed the possibility of late Chagas disease reactivation.
Methodology: Blood cultures and real-time PCR were used to assess the parasitic load in four immunosuppressed patients who underwent kidney transplants (between 1996 and 2014) and were also treated for parasites.
Results: There were no positive blood culture or real-time PCR results in Chagas disease patients who received kidney transplants. The real-time PCR presented detection limit of 0.1 parasite equivalent/mL. The time interval between the transplant and sample collection varied from one to 19 years.
Conclusions: No parasites were detected in the evaluated patients. The use of benznidazole and immunosuppressive therapy may have contributed to control the T. cruzi infection. In transplanted patients with Chagas disease, the use of methods such real-time PCR and blood culture can monitor the parasitic load and prevent disease reactivation.
IL-17A in COVID-19 Cases: a meta-analysis
Authors: Fadlallah Sukayna , Sham Eddin Marcel S , Rahal Elias A 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Numerous reviews, commentaries and opinion pieces have suggested targeting IL-17A as part of managing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the notorious pandemic caused by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). IL-17A is a proinflammatory cytokine attributed with homeostatic roles but that is also involved in autoimmune disease pathogenesis. While some studies have reported an increase in IL-17A in COVID-19 cases, no significant associations were found by others. Hence, we undertook this meta-analysis to study serum IL-17A levels in COVID-19 patients in relation to disease severity.
Methodology: Multiple databases were systematically reviewed for literature published on the topic from January 1, 2019 to April 30, 2021. A random effects model was used to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) as well as the
Impact of the bronchopulmonary sequestration on endobronchial tuberculosis: the case report and the review of literature
Authors: Adzic-Vukicevic Tatjana , Petkovic Ana , Menkovic Nemanja , Stosic Maja , Bracanovic Milos , Korica Stefan , Barac Aleksandra 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: We describe the rare case of endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) and chronic pulmonary atelectasis with mediastinal distortion. Finding of the concomitant venous anomaly of inferior vena cava revealed the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary sequestration.
Case Report: A 22-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a history of chronic cough, initially treated as bronchial asthma for a year. Chest X-ray showed fibrocaseous cavernous tuberculosis on the right lung. Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) were found in sputum samples. Patient was treated for 6 months with usual antituberculous regiment. Control chest X-ray showed subatelectasis of the upper right lobe. Six months later the first thorax computed tomography (CT) showed complete atelectasis of the right lung. Patient was admitted to the hospital again after 6 years due to the persistent fever and cough. Endoscopic finding and histopathological analysis confirmed EBTB. Thoracic CT scan revealed duplication of inferior vena cava which led to profound vascular analysis and aberrant arterial vascularization of aortic origin that contributed to the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary sequestrations. Antituberculous treatment was initiated (streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide) and lasted for 8 months. After 8 months a follow-up fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed the progression of endoscopic finding with 60-70% tracheal stenosis. Histopathological finding of the mid-trachea showed non-specific granulations. During 7 years of follow-up repeated bronchoscopy and thoracic CT scans were unchanged and patient was well-shaped.
Conclusions: The clinician should consider bronchopulmonary sequestration in the cases of recurrent EBTB.
À propos d’une République « impériale » en situation : aperçus historiographiques, méthodologiques et programmatiques
Authors: Benoist Stéphane 
Published: December 2021

Conçue comme une introduction, cette présentation aborde les divers enjeux historiographiques, méthodologiques et programmatiques d’une prise en compte globale des premiers siècles avant et de notre ère sous la dénomination d’une République « impériale ». Il s’agit de considérer la mise en récit par nos sources, puis la réception par les Modernes, de cette période traditionnellement divisée entre République et Empire. Sont notamment convoqués Cicéron, Tacite, Velleius Paterculus, mais également les Res Gestae Diui Augusti et le Panégyrique de Trajan par Pline le Jeune. La périodisation et le métier d’historien, la notion de « générations historiennes » et la place du populus au sein de cette République « impériale » sont autant d’éléments d’approche qui permettent d’ouvrir le dossier qui suit et de dresser l’inventaire des travaux à mener à propos de la pensée politique, des pratiques et des représentations du pouvoir à Rome, sur une plus ou moins longue durée.
Albums de famille
Authors: Meazza Stefania 
Published: December 2021

L’article porte sur le travail d’artistes qui, en Europe et aux États-Unis, interrogent la forme du journal photographique et de l’album de famille par le biais de la photographie et de la vidéo. Dès les années 1990, ces artistes réagissent à la fin du modernisme et l’effondrement des grands récits par un mouvement de repli sur l’intime, d’où découle un effet de désublimation de l’art. Le quotidien, l’ordinaire, la vie de famille (biologique ou d’adoption) viennent nourrir ces pratiques. Mais, au lieu de s’enfermer dans leurs histoires personnelles, leurs récits s’ouvrent à une lecture universelle : en se faisant narrateurs d’un quotidien commun à tous, ces artistes tissent un lien à l’intérieur de la société, au sein de laquelle ils se repositionnent.
Mais que font les adultes ? Apprentissages autonomes et travail relationnel dans une école démocratique française
Authors: Bouillon Florence 
Published: December 2021

Fondé sur une enquête ethnographique, cet article interroge les pratiques et postures des adultes lorsqu’ils se donnent pour règle de respecter le principe des « apprentissages autonomes ». Deux figures idéal-typiques émergent alors, celles de l’adulte garant et celle de l’adulte accompagnant . Liées aux parcours socio-professionnels des adultes, ces deux postures ont des incidences sur la prise en compte des fragilités psychosociales caractéristiques de nombreux enfants accueillis au sein des écoles démocratiques françaises.
Management of incisional hernias in liver transplant patients
Authors: Ayuso Sullivan , Elhage Sharbel A. , George Maria B. , Anderson Meshka , Levi David M. , Heniford B. Todd , Augenstein Vedra A. 
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study is to describe an optimal management strategy for incisional hernias in liver transplant patients.

METHODS:
Patients were identified who underwent open preperitoneal hernia repair for incisional hernia following liver transplantation. Perioperative management and surgical technique were described; wound complications and hernia recurrence were the primary outcomes assessed.

RESULTS:
A total of 17 patients met our criteria. All patients were on immunosuppression, and one patient (5.9%) had sirolimus stopped prior to the operation. One patient (5.9%) quit smoking, and two patients (11.8%) required optimization of their diabetes to have an A1c ≤7.2. Two patients (11.8%) received botulinum toxin A preoperatively due to significant loss of domain. The mean size of the biologic mesh was 818.8 ± 210 cm2, one patient (5.9%) received an anterior component separation and four (23.5%) received a panniculectomy. Postoperatively, three patients (17.7%) developed wound complications and one patient required reoperation for seroma. There were no 30-day readmissions and no hernia recurrences with mean follow-up time of 21.6 ± 11.6 months.

CONCLUSION:
The use of preperitoneal biologic mesh is an effective method for the management of incisional hernia in liver transplant patients; perioperative optimization and care are also influential in assuring positive outcomes for patients.
A short-term preliminary evaluation of ventral hernia repair using a new prosthetic mesh
Authors: Parikh Rajavi S , Faulkner Justin D , Bilezikian Jordan A , Hooks W Borden , Hope William W. 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
Syneco® (W.L. Gore and Associates, Flagstaff, AZ) is a new permanent synthetic mesh made of a combination of an absorbable synthetic component and a permanent synthetic component that can be used intraperitoneally or within the abdominal wall layers. Currently, there are little data on outcomes related to this mesh product.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:
The purpose of this project is to review our medical center's outcomes using Synecor® mesh in ventral hernia repair.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed all patients at our single medical center undergoing ventral hernia repair using Synecor® mesh included in the Americas Hernia Society Quality Collaborative (AHSQC) database from April 2016 through September 2019. Demographic, perioperative, and short-term outcomes (surgical site infection [SSI], surgical site occurrence [SSO], surgical site occurrence requiring procedural intervention [SSOPI]) were reviewed, and descriptive statistics were calculated.

RESULTS:
Forty-eight patients who underwent ventral hernia repairs using Synecor® mesh met study inclusion criteria. The average age of our patient population was 59 years (range: 29-78) with 50% female and 85% Caucasian. Ninety-six percent of cases were classed as clean cases. Comorbidities were present in 73% of patients. Open repairs were completed in 56% of cases and included retrorectus repair in 67% and transversus abdominis muscle release (TAR) in 30% of open cases. Repairs were laparoscopic in 27% of cases and robotic in 17%, with 85% having closure of the defect during repair. At 30 days follow-up, the rate of SSI was 8%, SSO 17%, and SSOPI 13%. There was an overall complication rate of 29%, a hernia recurrence rate of 4%, and an average follow-up of 97 days (range: 0 days to 1 year).

CONCLUSION:
Synecor® mesh is a new synthetic mesh that can be used for ventral hernia repair in an open, laparoscopic, or robotic approach. Short-term, preliminary results appear favorable; however, more study is needed to fully evaluate this new mesh prosthetic.
Optimizing Cord Blood Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Cutoff for Screening of Congenital Hypothyroidism—Experience from Screening 164,000 Newborns in a Tertiary Hospital in India
Authors: Paul Praveen G. , Rebekah Grace , Korula Sophy , Kumar Manish , Bondu Joseph D. , Palany Raghupathy , Simon Anna , Mathai Sarah 
Published: December 2021

Background and Objectives:In our institution, we have an ongoing newborn thyroid screening (NBS) program since July 2001. In the initial 9 months, we used cord blood thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (CBTSH) cutoff of 20 mIU/L and thereafter the cutoff was increased to 25 mIU/L. Our objective was to evaluate whether a CBTSH cutoff of 25 mIU/L is sensitive and cost-effective in NBS of congenital hypothyroidism (CH).Materials and Methods:All in-born babies are screened and those with CBTSH ≥25 mIU/L are recalled for confirmatory TSH/T4/FT4 tests. CH is confirmed with elevated TSH and low T4/FT4. Those with CBTSH 20–24.99 mIU/L were recalled for confirmatory tests in initial period of our NBS and prospectively between January and August 2017. Statistical analysis was done to derive positive predictive value and sensitivity to diagnose CH for each CBTSH between 20 and 30 mIU/L.Results:A total of 164,163 neonates were screened from July 2001 to August 2017. Of the 2352 babies with CBTSH ≥25–30 mIU/L, 1763 returned for retesting and 5 confirmed as CH (4 gland-in-situ and 1 absent uptake on nuclear scan). Of the 14,742 screened during the study period, 195 of the 293 babies with CBTSH 20–24.99 mIU/L returned for retesting and none diagnosed as CH. A CBTSH of 25 mIU/L has 99.2% sensitivity and 97.5% specificity. A lower screen TSH cutoff 20 mIU/L would result in recall of additional 300 babies/year with no definite improvement in sensitivity.Conclusions:Our data justify the continuation of using screen TSH cutoff of 25 mIU/Lwhile using cord bloodfor NBS in our population. With a diverse and large population, it is important that we use feasible regional screen cutoffs for optimal use of our resources.