bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula enhances perindopril inhibition of chronic kidney disease progression by activation of SIRT3, modulation of mitochondrial dynamics, and antioxidant effects
Authors: Liu Xinhui , Deng Ruyu , Wei Xian , Wang Yuzhi , Weng Jiali , Lao Yunlan , Lu Jiandong , Xiong Guoliang , Li Shunmin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem. Renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blockade is the mainstay of CKD therapy with limitations. Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula (JPYSF) is a traditional herbal decoction and has been used for treating CKD for decades. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the intervention effects of combined used of perindopril erbumine (PE) and JPYSF on CKD progression and explore their underlying mechanisms. CKD rat model was induced by feeding a diet containing 0.75% w/w adenine for 3 weeks. CKD rats were treated with PE or JPYSF or PE+JPYSF from the induction of CKD and lasted 4 weeks. Renal function was evaluated by serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Pathological lesions were observed by Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) and Masson’s trichrome staining. The protein expression was tested by Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. The morphology of mitochondria was observed by transmission electron microscope. The results showed that combined used of PE and JPYSF could better improve renal function and pathological lesions and ameliorate renal fibrosis in CKD rats. Administration of PE and JPYSF enhanced sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression, inhibited mitochondrial fission, promoted mitochondrial fusion, and suppressed oxidative stress in the kidney of CKD rats. In conclusion, combined use of PE and JPYSF protected against CKD more effectively than either alone. The underlying mechanism may be associated with activation of SIRT3, modulation of mitochondrial dynamics, and antioxidant effects.
Quality assessment for inspection images of power lines based on spatial and sharpness evaluation
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Jin Zhiheng , Jiang Hao , Miao Xiren , Chen Jing , Lin Zhicheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDigital imaging and image‐processing techniques have revolutionized the way of power line inspection in recent years. Massive images are captured and utilized for further processing to maintain the reliability, safety, and sustainability of power transmission. For power line inspection, the component region in the delivered images is required to be centered, large, and clear enough. In this paper, a component‐oriented image quality assessment method is proposed to automatically predict image quality according to the demand of power line inspection. The proposed method considers two factors: spatial characteristic evaluation and sharpness evaluation. The spatial characteristic evaluation utilizes YOLOv3 to evaluate whether the component region is sufficiently centered and large, which enables the observer to quickly find the target. The sharpness evaluation employs ResNet to evaluate the clarity of component and makes the condition monitoring more accurately. For final quality assessment, a multi‐stage filtering strategy is presented to aggregate these two factors and obtain high quality inspection images. The experimental results indicate that the high‐quality images can be accurately identified to satisfy the requirements of power line inspection. The proposed quality assessment method enhances the efficiency for further data analysis of aerial images.
Frühe axSpA
Authors: Kiefer David , Baraliakos Xenofon 
Published: October 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie axiale Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) ist eine häufige entzündlich rheumatologische Erkrankung, die durch axiale Symptome sowie periphere und extramuskuloskelettale Manifestationen gekennzeichnet ist. Die axSpA umfasst 2 Stadien, die nicht-röntgenologische (nr-) und die röntgenologische (r-) axSpA, auch als ankylosierende Spondylitis bezeichnet, die sich anhand definierter röntgenologischer Kriterien unterscheiden und als Krankheitskontinuum verstanden werden. Patienten mit nr-axSpA stellen frühe Formen der axSpA dar, bei dem einige, aber nicht alle Patienten, schließlich zur r-axSpA fortschreiten. Die Einteilung in diese Stadien wird vor allem für klinische Studien angewendet. Obwohl sich die zeitliche Verzögerung bis zur Diagnosestellung bei axSpA in den letzten Jahren gebessert hat, ist sie im Mittel mit 5–6 Jahren jedoch weiterhin recht lang. Da die Erkrankung auch hinsichtlich struktureller knöcherner Veränderungen im Achsenskelett einen progredienten Verlauf nehmen kann, kommt der frühen Diagnosestellung und der damit verbundenen frühen Therapie eine wichtige Rolle zu. Gezielte Überweisungsstrategien und Früh-/Screeningsprechstunden können helfen Patienten schneller rheumatologisch vorzustellen, zu diagnostizieren und effektiv zu behandeln.
Infektiöse Endokarditis bei Erwachsenen mit angeborenen Herzfehlern
Authors: Maser Maarja , Radke Robert Matthias 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungErwachsene Patienten mit angeborenen Herzfehlern (EMAH) sind eine größer werdende
Patientengruppe, die eine lebenslange Begleitung und Behandlung benötigt. Eine der wichtigsten
Komplikationen bei EMAH-Patienten ist die infektiöse Endokarditis.Die Echokardiografie hat sowohl bei der Diagnosesicherung als auch beim Erkennen von
Komplikationen und im Follow-up eine ganz zentrale Bedeutung. Computer- und
Positronenemissionstomografie werden zur Beurteilung von implantierten Fremdmaterial zunehmend
eingesetzt. Eine antibiotische Therapie erfolgt zunächst empirisch und später auf den
individuellen Erreger zugeschnitten. Zurzeit wird die Antibiotikaprophylaxe nur den Patienten
mit deutlich erhöhtem Endokarditisrisiko vor den zahnärztlichen Eingriffen mit dem höchsten
Risiko empfohlen.
The Electrostatic Model of Homeopathy: The Mechanism of Physicochemical Activities of Homeopathic Medicines
Authors: Shahabi Shahram , Borneman John P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper attempts to propose a model, called the electrostatic model of homeopathy, to explain a mechanism for the physicochemical activities of highly diluted homeopathic medicines (HMs). According to this proposed model, the source of HMs' action is dipole orientations as electrostatic imprints of the original molecules carried by diluent molecules (such as sugar molecules) or potentization-induced aqueous nanostructures. The nanoscale domains' contact charging and dielectric hysteresis play critical roles in the aqueous nanostructures' or sugar molecules' acquisition of the original molecules' dipole orientations. The mechanical stress induced by dynamization (vigorous agitation or trituration) is a crucial factor that facilitates these phenomena. After dynamization is completed, the transferred charges revert to their previous positions but, due to dielectric hysteresis, they leave a remnant polarization on the aqueous nanostructures or sugar molecules' nanoscale domains. This causes some nanoscale domains of the aqueous nanostructures or sugar molecules to obtain the original substance molecules' dipole orientations. A highly diluted HM may have no molecule of the original substance, but the aqueous nanostructures or sugar molecules may contain the original substance's dipole orientations. Therefore, HMs can precisely aim at the biological targets of the original substance molecules and electrostatically interact with them as mild stimuli.
Minimal Invasive Fluoroscopic Percutaneous Lateral Stabilization of Thoracolumbar Spinal Fractures and Luxations Using Unilateral Uniplanar External Skeletal Fixators in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Bitterli Thomas , Mund Georg , Häußler Thomas Christian , Farke Daniela , Kramer Martin , Schmidt Martin Jürgen , Peppler Christine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to describe minimally invasive spinal stabilization using a unilateral uniplanar external skeletal fixator (ESF, type 1a) with polymethylmethacrylate, and to review short- and long-term outcomes and complications in a clinical case series.Study Design Medical records from animals affected by spinal fracture luxation were reviewed. The data included breed, age, gender, body weight, aetiology, preoperative and postoperative neurological state, radiographic findings, surgical treatment, pin size, number of pins and stabilized vertebrae, intra- and postoperative complications and neurological state at re-examinations.Results Thirty-two animals were identified; three were treated conservatively, 19 surgically and 10 were euthanatized. In eight dogs and six cats, the injured spinal column was treated with a laterally applied percutaneous type 1a ESF under fluoroscopic guidance. Positive profile end-threaded pins inserted were from 1.6/1.9 to 3.5/4.3 mm in dogs and 1.6/1.9 to 2/2.3 mm in cats and were placed into two to five vertebral bodies. At the re-examinations, the neurological status had improved in 12 animals, deteriorated in one, and was unchanged in another one. In eight cases, no complications were detected. The most common complications included erythema, exudation and pin loosening.Conclusion The present work shows that type 1a ESF can be successfully and minimally invasively applied to fractures and luxations of the spine in dogs and cats with minimal major complications.
Perioperative Antibiotic Use in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Nakhla Morcos N. , Wu Tara J. , Villalpando Emmanuel G. , Kianian Reza , Heaney Anthony P. , Bergsneider Marvin , Wang Marilene B. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction Improved evidence-based guidelines on the optimal type and duration of antibiotics for patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) are needed. We analyze the infectious complications among a large cohort of EETS patients undergoing a standardized regimen of cefazolin for 24 hours, followed by cephalexin for 7 days after surgery (clindamycin if penicillin/cephalosporin allergic).
Methods A retrospective review of 132 EETS patients from 2018 to 2020 was conducted. Patient, tumor, and surgical characteristics were collected, along with infection rates. Multivariate logistic regression determined the variable(s) independently associated with infectious outcomes.
Results Nearly all patients (99%) received postoperative antibiotics with 78% receiving cefazolin, 17% receiving cephalexin, 3% receiving clindamycin, and 2% receiving other antibiotics. Fifty-three patients (40%) had an intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, and three patients (2%) developed a postoperative CSF leak requiring surgical repair. Within 30 days, no patients developed meningitis. Five patients (4%) developed sinusitis, two patients (3%) developed pneumonia, and one patient (1%) developed cellulitis at a peripheral intravenous line. Two patients (2%) developed an allergy to cephalexin, requiring conservative management. After adjustment for comorbidities and operative factors, presence of postoperative infectious complications was independently associated with increased LOS (β = 3.7 days; p = 0.001).
Conclusion Compared with reported findings in the literature, we report low rates of infectious complications and antibiotic intolerance, despite presence of a heavy burden of comorbidities and high intraoperative CSF leak rates among our cohort. These findings support our standardized 7-day perioperative antibiotic regimen.
Identification of an optimal foldability criterion to design misfolding resistant protein
Authors: Saikia Bondeepa , Gogoi Chimi Rekha , Rahman Aziza , Baruah Anupaul 
Published: October 2021

Proteins achieve their functional, active, and operative three dimensional native structures by overcoming the possibility of being trapped in non-native energy minima present in the energy landscape. The enormous and intricate interactions that play an important role in protein folding also determine the stability of the proteins. The large number of stabilizing/destabilizing interactions makes proteins to be only marginally stable as compared to the other competing structures. Therefore, there are some possibilities that they become trapped in the non-native conformations and thus get misfolded. These misfolded proteins lead to several debilitating diseases. This work performs a comparative study of some existing foldability criteria in the computational design of misfold resistant protein sequences based on self-consistent mean field theory. The foldability criteria selected for this study are Ef, Δ, and Φ that are commonly used in protein design procedures to determine the most efficient foldability criterion for the design of misfolding resistant proteins. The results suggest that the foldability criterion Δ is significantly better in designing a funnel energy landscape stabilizing the target state. The results also suggest that inclusion of negative design features is important for designing misfolding resistant proteins, but more information about the non-native conformations in terms of Φ leads to worse results compared to even simple positive design. The sequences designed using Δ show better resistance to misfolding in the Monte Carlo simulations performed in the study.
Development and characterization of high-repetition-rate sources for supersonic beams of fluorine radicals
Authors: Straňák Patrik , Ploenes Ludger , Hofsäss Simon , Dulitz Katrin , Stienkemeier Frank , Willitsch Stefan 
Published: October 2021

We present and compare two high-pressure, high-repetition-rate electric-discharge sources for the generation of supersonic beams of fluorine radicals. The sources are based on dielectric-barrier-discharge (DBD) and plate-discharge units attached to a pulsed solenoid valve. The corrosion-resistant discharge sources were operated with fluorine gas seeded in helium up to backing pressures as high as 30 bars. We employed a (3 + 1) resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization combined with velocity-map imaging for the optimization, characterization, and comparison of the fluorine beams. Additionally, universal femtosecond-laser-ionization detection was used for the characterization of the discharge sources at experimental repetition rates up to 200 Hz. Our results show that the plate discharge is more efficient in F2 dissociation than the DBD by a factor between 8 and 9, whereas the DBD produces internally colder fluorine radicals.
Liquid nucleation around charged particles in the vapor phase
Authors: Kroll Roni , Tsori Yoav 
Published: October 2021

We theoretically investigate the nucleation of liquid droplets from vapor in the presence of a charged spherical particle. Due to field gradients, sufficiently close to the critical point of the vapor–gas system, the charge destabilizes the vapor phase and initiates a phase transition. The fluid’s free energy is described by the van der Waals expression augmented by electrostatic energy and a square-gradient term. We calculate the equilibrium density profile at arbitrary temperatures, particle charges, and vapor densities. In contrast to classical nucleation theory, here, both liquid and vapor phases are different from the bulk phases because they are spatially nonuniform. In addition, the theory applies to both sharp and diffuse interfaces and calculates the surface tension self-consistently. We find the composition profiles and integrate them to get the adsorption near the particle. We find that the adsorption changes discontinuously at a first-order phase transition line. This line becomes a second-order phase transition at high enough temperatures. We describe the transition point numerically and provide approximate analytical expressions for it. Similarly to prewetting, the adsorption diverges at the binodal phase boundary. We construct a phase diagram indicating changes in the binodal, spinodal, and critical temperature. It is shown that the field gradient enlarges the range of temperature and vapor density where liquid can nucleate.
The role of QED effects in transition energies of heavy-atom alkaline earth monofluoride molecules: A theoretical study of Ba+, BaF, RaF, and E120F
Authors: Skripnikov Leonid V. , Chubukov Dmitry V. , Shakhova Vera M. 
Published: October 2021

Heavy-atom alkaline earth monofluoride molecules are considered as prospective systems to study spatial parity or spatial parity and time-reversal symmetry violating effects such as the nuclear anapole moment or the electron electric dipole moment. A comprehensive and highly accurate theoretical study of the electronic structure properties and transition energies in such systems can simplify the preparation and interpretation of the experiments. However, almost no attempts to calculate quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects’ contribution into characteristics of these neutral heavy-atom molecules have been performed. Recently, we have formulated and implemented such an approach to calculate QED contributions to transition energies of molecules [L. V. Skripnikov, J. Chem. Phys. 154, 201101 (2021)]. In this paper, we perform a benchmark theoretical study of the transition energies in the Ba+ cation and BaF molecule. The deviation of the calculated values from the experimental ones is of the order 10 cm−1 and is more than an order of magnitude better than the “chemical accuracy,” 350 cm−1. The achievement of such an agreement has been provided, in particular, by the inclusion of the QED effects. The latter appeared to be not less important than the high-order correlation effects beyond the coupled cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple cluster amplitude level. We compare the role of QED effects for transition energies with heavier molecules—RaF and E120F, where E120 is the superheavy Z = 120 homolog of Ra.
Comparison of thrusts imparted by a magnetron sputtering source operated in DC and high power impulse modes
Authors: Takahashi Kazunori , Miura Hidemasa 
Published: October 2021

The thrusts induced by the 45-mm-diameter DC and high power impulse magnetron sputtering [DC magnetron sputtering (DCMS) and high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS)] sources are assessed by using the pendulum thrust balance, where the instantaneous discharge power for the HiPIMS is two orders of magnitude larger than that for the DCMS. The temporally averaged power of the HiPIMS is chosen as 50–150 W, being similar to the DCMS, by adjusting the duty cycle. The thrust-to-power ratios of 9.1 and 3.7 mN/kW are obtained for the DCMS and HiPIMS, respectively, by ejecting the copper target material via sputtering. A comparison between the thrust and the deposition rate of the copper film on a substrate implies that the flux and the velocity of the ejected material for the DCMS are larger and lower than those for the HiPIMS, respectively.
Biological soil quality and seasonal variation on enzyme activities under conservation agriculture-based rice–mustard system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India
Authors: Biswas Sunanda , Das T. K. , Bhattacharyya Ranjan , Das Shrila , Dwivedi B. S. 
Published: October 2021

Context Biological quality of soil under rice-based cropping in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India is greatly influenced by different tillage and residue management practices. Aims The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of seasonal variation on enzyme activity and assessing biological soil quality (BSQ) under conservation agriculture (CA)-based rice–mustard cropping. Methods Soil samples were collected in the ninth year of a medium-term CA-based experiment in autumn, winter, spring and summer seasons from two soil depths (0–5 cm, 5–15 cm) and analysed for biological attributes (microbial biomass carbon, MBC; Walkley–Black carbon, WBC; total organic carbon, TOC), and enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, and arylsulphatase). Key results A CA-based triple zero till (ZT) system with three crops residue treatments (ZT direct-seeded rice (DSR) with mungbean residue; ZT mustard (ZTM) with rice residue; and ZT summer mungbean (SMB) with mustard residue (∼ZTDSR–ZTM–ZTSMB (+R)) resulted in highest values of MBC, WBC and TOC at the 0–5 cm soil depth. Enzymes activities were highest during summer. Principal component analysis (PCA) and showed that arylsulphatase activity and TOC were sensitive indicators of BSQ. To validate soil quality indices (SQIs), regression analyses with rice equivalent yield (REY) of the rice–mustard system were done and better relationship observed with biological soil quality indices (BSQI) BSQIGMean (0.69–0.71) than BSQIPCA (0.65–0.66) based method. Conclusions Treatment with ZTDSR–ZTM–ZTSMB (+R) had the highest values of BSQI using GMean and PCA. Implications This CA-based triple ZT with residue practice [ZTDSR–ZTM–ZTSMB (+R)] is recommended for rice–mustard cropping for maintaining higher biological quality of soil in this region of India.
Combined solar power and storage as cost-competitive and grid-compatible supply for China’s future carbon-neutral electricity system
Authors: Lu Xi , Chen Shi , Nielsen Chris P. , Zhang Chongyu , Li Jiacong , Xu He , Wu Ye , Wang Shuxiao , Song Feng , Wei Chu , He Kebin , McElroy Michael B. , Hao Jiming 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Solar photovoltaic power is gaining momentum as a solution to intertwined air pollution and climate challenges in China, driven by declining capital costs and increasing technical efficiencies. The dynamic spatial trajectory of cost-competitive and grid-compatible penetration potentials for solar power will be a critical determinant of the speed of energy system decarbonization in China. This study develops an integrated model to assess solar photovoltaic potentials and their cost competitiveness throughout 2020 to 2060 considering multiple spatiotemporal factors. We find that the cost competitiveness of solar power allows for pairing with storage capacity to supply 7.2 PWh of grid-compatible electricity, meeting 43.2% of China’s demand in 2060 at a price lower than 2.5 US cents/kWh.
Confederate monuments and the history of lynching in the American South: An empirical examination
Authors: Henderson Kyshia , Powers Samuel , Claibourn Michele , Brown-Iannuzzi Jazmin L. , Trawalter Sophie 
Published: October 2021

Significance
The fight over Confederate monuments has fueled lawsuits, protests, counterprotests, arrests, even terrorism, as we painfully saw in August 2017 in Charlottesville, VA. The fight rests on a debate over whether these monuments represent racism (“hate”) or something ostensibly devoid of racism (“heritage,” “Southern pride”). Herein, we show that Confederate monuments are tied to a history of racial violence. Specifically, we find that the number of lynching victims in a county is a positive and significant predictor of Confederate memorializations in that county, even after controlling for relevant covariates. This finding provides concrete, quantitative, historically and geographically situated evidence consistent with the position that Confederate memorializations reflect a racist history, marred by intentions to terrorize and intimidate Black Americans.
A novel class of TMPRSS2 inhibitors potently block SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV viral entry and protect human epithelial lung cells
Authors: Mahoney Matthew , Damalanka Vishnu C. , Tartell Michael A. , Chung Dong hee , Lourenço André Luiz , Pwee Dustin , Mayer Bridwell Anne E. , Hoffmann Markus , Voss Jorine , Karmakar Partha , Azouz Nurit P. , Klingler Andrea M. , Rothlauf Paul W. , Thompson Cassandra E. , Lee Melody , Klampfer Lidija , Stallings Christina L. , Rothenberg Marc E. , Pöhlmann Stefan , Whelan Sean P. J. , O’Donoghue Anthony J. , Craik Charles S. , Janetka James W. 
Published: October 2021

Significance
MM3122 represents an advanced lead candidate for clinical development as a novel antiviral drug for COVID-19. In addition to being novel drugs, these selective TMRSS2 inhibitors can be used as valuable chemical probes to help elucidate mechanisms of viral pathogenesis. Since TMPRSS2 plays a key role as a viral protein processing protease in the pathogenesis of other coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV) as well as influenza viruses, MM3122 and this class of TMPRSS2 inhibitors hold much promise as new drugs to not only treat SARS-CoV-2 infections but also potentially represent broad-spectrum antivirals.