bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Determinants of Readmission After Surgery
Authors: Graham Laura A. , Hawn Mary T. , Dasinger Elise A. , Baker Samantha J. , Oriel Brad S. , Wahl Tyler S. , Richman Joshua S. , Copeland Laurel A. , Itani Kamal M.F. , Burns Edith A. , Whittle Jeffrey , Morris Melanie S. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Quality of life and psychosocial determinants of health, such as health literacy and social support, are associated with increased health care utilization and adverse outcomes in medical populations. However, the effect on surgical health care utilization is less understood.

Objective:
We sought to examine the effect of patient-reported quality of life and psychosocial determinants of health on unplanned hospital readmissions in a surgical population.

Research Design:
This is a prospective cohort study using patient interviews at the time of hospital discharge from a Veterans Affairs hospital.

Subjects:
We include Veterans undergoing elective inpatient general, vascular, or thoracic surgery (August 1, 2015–June 30, 2017).

Measures:
We assessed unplanned readmission to any medical facility within 30 days of hospital discharge.

Results:
A total of 736 patients completed the 30-day postoperative follow-up, and 16.3% experienced readmission. Lower patient-reported physical and mental health, inadequate health literacy, and discharge home with help after surgery or to a skilled nursing or rehabilitation facility were associated with an increased incidence of readmission. Classification regression identified the patient-reported Veterans Short Form 12 (SF12) Mental Component Score <31 as the most important psychosocial determinant of readmission after surgery.

Conclusions:
Mental health concerns, inadequate health literacy, and lower social support after hospital discharge are significant predictors of increased unplanned readmissions after major general, vascular, or thoracic surgery. These elements should be incorporated into routinely collected electronic health record data. Also, discharge plans should accommodate varying levels of health literacy and consider how the patient’s mental health and social support needs will affect recovery.
Ameliorating effects of N-acetyl cysteine against early liver damage of radioiodine in rats
Authors: Koc Gonul , Kuskonmaz Serife Mehlika , Demirel Koray , Koca Gokhan , Akbulut Aylin , Yumusak Nihat , Senes Mehmet , Kirtil Gul , Korkmaz Meliha , Culha Cavit 
Published: June 2021

Objective
The present study was aimed to explore the potential ameliorating effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) against radioiodine (RAI)-induced early liver damage.

Methods
Thirty Wistar Albino male rats were arbitrarily allocated into three groups each containing 10 rats: the control group (group 1); the RAI group (group 2), oral 111 MBq/kg radioiodine was administered to rats; the RAI + NAC group (group 3), 150 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal NAC treatment was initiated 3 days prior to the RAI administration and continued for 10 days. Liver samples were obtained 24 h after the last dose of NAC therapy for biochemical and histopathologic evaluation.

Results
In the RAI + NAC group, the histopathologic damage was found significantly less than in the RAI group for whole parameters except inflammatory cell infiltration (P < 0.05). Unlike the RAI group which had marked histopathologic damage, the RAI + NAC group had only mild histologic activity index scores with no granuloma formation observed. Oxidative stress parameters were demonstrated that the NAC treatment significantly decreased the tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase levels and increased the total sulfhydryl (total sulfhydryl) levels when compared to the RAI group (P < 0.01).

Conclusion
The outcomes of the study exhibited that the NAC treatment improved RAI-induced early liver damage. This improving effect considered to be caused by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and likely vasodilator properties of NAC. Having advantages such as inexpensive, easy access, and tolerability, the NAC can be used as a radioprotective agent, especially in patients with liver diseases and requiring RAI treatment.
Update on islet cell transplantation
Authors: Verhoeff Kevin , Marfil-Garza Braulio A. , Shapiro A.M. James 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of review
Chronic diabetes-related complications continue to exert a rapidly growing and unsustainable pressure on healthcare systems worldwide. In type 1 diabetes, glycemic control is particularly challenging, as intensive management substantially increase the risk of severe hypoglycemic episodes. Alternative approaches to address this issue are required. Islet cell transplantation offers the best approach to reduce hypoglycemic risks and glycemic lability, while providing optimal glycemic control. Although ongoing efforts have improved clinical outcomes, the constraints in tissue sources and the need for chronic immunosuppression limit the application of islet cell transplantation as a curative therapy for diabetes. This review provides an update on islet cell transplantation, focusing on recent clinical experience, ongoing research, and future challenges.

Recent findings
Current evidence demonstrates advances in terms of long-term glycemic control, improved insulin independence rates, and novel approaches to eliminate chronic immunosuppression requirements after islet cell transplantation. Advances in stem cell-based therapies provide a promising path towards truly personalized regenerative therapies, solving both tissue supply shortage and the need for lifelong immunosuppression, enabling widespread use of this potentially curative treatment. However, as these therapies enter the clinical realm, regional access variability and ethical questions regarding commercialization are becoming increasingly important and require a collaborative solution.

Summary
In this state-of-the-art review, we discuss current clinical evidence and discuss key aspects on the present and future of islet cell transplantation.
The Influence of Maternal Cognitions Upon Motor Development in Infants Born Preterm: A Scoping Review
Authors: Jensen-Willett Sandra , Miller Kerry , Jackson Barbara , Harbourne Regina 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
This scoping review summarizes the extent, nature, and type of evidence linking broadly defined maternal cognitions to motor outcomes in infants born preterm. Maternal cognitions are beliefs, perceptions, or psychosocial attributes that inform parenting practices.

Methods:
Arksey and O'Malley's 5-step method was applied. Thirteen articles between 1980 and November 2019 met inclusion criteria.

Results:
Two key themes emerged with infants born preterm: (1) quality of the social and physical caregiving environment influence developmental outcomes with implications for motor development; and (2) complex interactions between environmental factors, prematurity-related biomedical risks, and maternal cognitions contribute to eventual motor outcomes.

Conclusion:
Further research is needed to understand how maternal cognitions either scaffold or constrain early motor opportunities for infants born preterm and at risk for motor delays.

What This Adds to the Evidence:
This review summarizes studies that explore potential links between maternal cognitions and motor development in infants born preterm.
Attributing health benefits to preventing HIV infections versus improving health outcomes among people living with HIV: an analysis in six US cities
Authors: Krebs Emanuel , Enns Eva , Zang Xiao , Mah Cassandra S. , Quan Amanda M. , Behrends Czarina N. , Coljin Caroline , Goedel William , Golden Matthew , Marshall Brandon D.L. , Metsch Lisa R. , Pandya Ankur , Shoptaw Steven , Sullivan Patrick , Tookes Hansel E. , Duarte Horacio A. , Min Jeong E. , Nosyk Bohdan 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
Combination strategies generate health benefits through improved health outcomes among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and prevention of new infections. We aimed to determine health benefits attributable to improved health among PLHIV versus HIV prevention for a set of combination strategies in six US cities.

Design:
A dynamic HIV transmission model.

Methods:
Using a model calibrated for Atlanta, Baltimore, Los Angeles, Miami, New York City (NYC) and Seattle, we assessed the health benefits of city-specific optimal combinations of evidence-based interventions implemented at publicly documented levels and at ideal (90% coverage) scale-up (2020–2030 implementation, 20-year study period). We calculated the proportion of health benefit gains (measured as quality-adjusted life-years) resulting from averted and delayed HIV infections; improved health outcomes among PLHIV; and improved health outcomes due to medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD).

Results:
The HIV-specific proportion of total benefits ranged from 68.3% (95% credible interval: 55.3–80.0) in Seattle to 98.5% (97.5–99.3) in Miami, with the rest attributable to MOUD. The majority of HIV-specific health benefits in five of six cities were attributable HIV prevention, and ranged from 33.1% (26.1–41.1) in NYC to 83.1% (79.6–86.6) in Atlanta. Scaling up to ideal service levels resulted in three to seven-fold increases in additional health benefits, mostly from MOUD, with HIV-specific health gains primarily driven by HIV prevention.

Conclusion:
Optimal combination strategies generated a larger proportion of health benefits attributable to HIV prevention in five of six cities, underlining the substantial benefits of antiretroviral therapy engagement for the prevention of HIV transmission through viral suppression. Understanding to whom benefits accrue may be important in assessing the equity and impact of HIV investments.
Abusive supervision and knowledge hiding in service organizations: exploring the boundary conditions
Authors: Ayub Arslan , Ajmal Tahira , Iqbal Shahid , Ghazanfar Sidra , Anwaar Mahwish , Ishaq Mustafa 
Published: June 2021

PurposeDespite burgeoning interest in knowledge hiding (KH), there are still significant gaps in the understanding of the boundary conditions under which KH is more or less likely to occur. To address this research gap, the researchers examined abusive supervision as an interpersonal antecedent of KH. In addition, this paper aims to investigate the moderating roles of negative reciprocity beliefs (NRB) and moral disengagement (MD) in the relationship between abusive supervision and KH.Design/methodology/approachTwo-wave data using a non-experimental face-to-face method was collected from 257 service employees in Pakistan, which supported the hypothesized model. Considering minimum sample size requirements (i.e.n= 208) in partial least squares structural equation modeling, the researchers analyzed a two-stage approach to test the measurement model and the structural model.FindingsThe study found that abusive supervision was positively related to evasive hiding and playing dumb but not associated with rationalized hiding. Further, the results confirm the moderating roles of NRB and MD. The positive relationships between abusive supervision and evasive hiding and playing dumb are intensified at high levels of NRB and MD.Originality/valueGiven the complicated nature of KH, this is one of the few efforts that outstretch the boundary conditions of KH.
Employer perspectives concerning the self-management support needs of workers with long-term health conditions
Authors: Hemming Sally , McDermott Hilary , Munir Fehmidah , Burton Kim 
Published: June 2021

PurposeLong-term health conditions are a significant occupational and global burden and can undermine people's ability to work. Workplace support for self-management of long-term conditions has the potential to minimise adverse work effects, by enhancing health and work outcomes. No data exist about employers' views concerning supporting workers with long-term conditions to self-manage.Design/methodology/approachThe exploration of employers' views involved recruiting 15 participants with responsibilities for workplace health, well-being and safety responsibilities, who participated in a semi-structured interview about self-management and support. Data were analysed using a qualitative six-stage thematic analysis technique.FindingsSelf-management support is not purposely provided to workers with long-term conditions. Support in any form rests on workers disclosing a condition and on their relationship with their line-manager. While employers have considerable control over people's ability to self-manage, they consider that workers are responsible for self-management at work. Stigma, work demands and line-manager behaviours are potential obstacles to workers' self-management and support.Practical implicationsWorkplace discussions about self-managing long-term conditions at work should be encouraged and opened up, to improve health and work outcomes and aligned with return-to-work and rehabilitation approaches. A wider biopsychosocial culture could help ensure workplaces are regarded as settings in which long-term conditions can be self-managed.Originality/valueThis study highlights that employer self-management support is not provided to workers with long-term conditions in a purposeful way. Workplace support depends on an employer knowing what needs to be supported which, in turn, depends on aspects of disclosure, stigma, work demands and line management.
Widespread shifts in bird migration phenology are decoupled from parallel shifts in morphology
Authors: Zimova Marketa , Willard David E. , Winger Benjamin M. , Weeks Brian C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Advancements in phenology and changes in morphology, including body size reductions, are among the most commonly described responses to globally warming temperatures. Although these dynamics are routinely explored independently, the relationships among them and how their interactions facilitate or constrain adaptation to climate change are poorly understood.

In migratory species, advancing phenology may impose selection on morphological traits to increase migration speed. Advancing spring phenology might also expose species to cooler temperatures during the breeding season, potentially mitigating the effect of a warming global environment on body size.

We use a dataset of birds that died after colliding with buildings in Chicago, IL to test whether changes in migration phenology are related to documented declines in body size and increases in wing length in 52 North American migratory bird species between 1978 and 2016. For each species, we estimate temporal trends in morphology and changes in the timing of migration. We then test for associations between species‐specific rates of phenological and morphological changes while assessing the potential effects of migratory distance and breeding latitude.

We show that spring migration through Chicago has advanced while the timing of fall migration has broadened as a result of early fall migrants advancing their migrations and late migrants delaying their migrations. Within species, we found that longer wing length was linked to earlier spring migration within years. However, we found no evidence that rates of phenological change across years, or migratory distance and breeding latitude, are predictive of rates of concurrent changes in morphological traits.

These findings suggest that biotic responses to climate change are highly multidimensional and the extent to which those responses interact and influence adaptation to climate change requires careful examination.
Surface Geophysical Methods used to Verify the Karst Geological Structure in the Built‐up Area: A Case Study of Specific Engineering‐Geological Conditions
Authors: PUTIŠKA René , MARSCHALKO Marian , YILMAZ Isik , NIEMIEC Dominik , CHENG Xianfeng , DOSTAL Ivan , KUBÁČ Ján 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article presents a research study of complex limestone karst engineering‐geological conditions in the municipality Valaská near Banská Bystrica in Slovakia. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the impossibility of spatial identification of cave spaces using surface geophysical methods due to the specific engineering‐geological conditions of a thick surface layer of anthropogenic fill containing highly heterogeneous anthropogenic material. Its maximum thickness is 3 m. Another specificific condition of the study area is its location in the built‐up area, due to which the applicability of geophysical methods was limited. The article contains methodological recommendations to be used in analogous geological conditions with karst structures topped with anthropogenic fill, which complicates the identification of cave spaces. The recommended solution herein is the identification of the cave system using underground mapping of the karst and its projection onto the surface for which surface geophysical methods have been combined.
Administration of fibrinogen concentrate combined with prothrombin complex maintains hemostasis in children undergoing congenital heart repair (a long‐term propensity score‐matched study)
Authors: Velik‐Salchner Corinna , Tauber Helmuth , Rastner Verena , Pajk Werner , Mittermayr Markus , Wally Dieter , Kilo Juliane , Vondrys David , Fries Dietmar , Fritz Josef , Streif Werner 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundBleeding is a common problem in children with congenital heart disease undergoing major cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Little is known about optimal management with blood products.ObjectiveTo investigate clinical outcome and hemostatic effects of fibrinogen concentrate (FC) in combination with prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) versus standard treatment with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in children undergoing cardiac surgery.MethodsFor this single‐institution cohort study, data on 525 children were analyzed. Propensity score matching in 210 children was applied to reduce the impact of various baseline characteristics.ResultsThree children treated with FC/PCC developed surgical site bleeding requiring surgical revision. One child developed central venous line‐related thrombosis. Blood loss through chest tube drainage was independent of FC/PCC. Coagulation abnormalities were not present in any of these children. Time to extubation and ICU stay did not differ. In the FC/PCC group, children received (median, Q1, Q3) 52 mg/kg (32, 83) FC and 28IU/kg (13, 44) PCC. Fibrinogen concentration was comparable at baseline. On admission to the ICU, fibrinogen was higher in children receiving FC/PCC, namely, 232 mg/dL (196, 280), than in children receiving FFP (186 mg/dL, 149, 224; P < .001). On discharge from the ICU, values did not differ ((FC/PCC 416 mg/dL (288, 501)), non‐FC/PCC 418 mg/dL (272, 585; P = 1.000)).ConclusionFC/PCC was well tolerated and permitted hemostasis to be maintained, even in the very young. We were not able to detect a signal for inferiority of this treatment. We conclude that FC/PCC can safely replace FFP.
Pre‐hospital emergency anaesthesia in trauma patients treated by anaesthesiologist and nurse anaesthetist staffed critical care teams
Authors: Árnason Bjarni , Hertzberg Daniel , Kornhall Daniel , Günther Mattias , Gellerfors Mikael 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPre‐hospital tracheal intubation in trauma patients has recently been questioned. However, not only the trauma and patient characteristics but also airway provider competence differ between systems making simplified statements difficult.MethodThe study is a subgroup analysis of trauma patients included in the PHAST study. PHAST was a prospective, observational, multicentre study on pre‐hospital advanced airway management by anaesthesiologist and nurse anaesthetist manned pre‐hospital critical care teams in the Nordic countries May 2015‐November 2016. Endpoints include intubation success rate, complication rate (airway‐related complication according to Utstein Airway Template by Sollid et al), scene time (time from arrival of the critical care team to departure of the patient) and pre‐hospital mortality.ResultThe critical care teams intubated 385 trauma patients, of which 65 were in shock (SBP <90 mm Hg), during the study. Of the trauma patients, 93% suffered from blunt trauma, the mean GCS was 6 and 75% were intubated by an experienced provider who had performed >2500 tracheal intubations. The pre‐hospital tracheal intubation overall success rate was 98.6% and the complication rate was 13.6%, with no difference between patients with or without shock. The mean scene time was significantly shorter in trauma patients with shock (21.4 min) compared to without shock (21.4 vs 25.1 min). Following pre‐hospital tracheal intubation, 97% of trauma patients without shock and 91% of the patients in shock with measurable blood pressure were alive upon arrival to the ED.ConclusionPre‐hospital tracheal intubation success and complication rates in trauma patients were comparable with in‐hospital rates in a system with very experienced airway providers. Whether the short scene times contributed to a low pre‐hospital mortality needs further investigation in future studies.
Evaluation of a novel C‐Arm draping technique to minimize surgical field contamination and surgery time
Authors: Darbandi Aria , Pujari Amit , Lin Carol 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study is to compare the sterility of three C‐Arm draping techniques: the clip‐drape, sterile pouch, and a novel drape tower method. We hypothesize that our novel technique will minimize floor contamination from reaching the surgical field while allowing the C‐Arm machine to rotate between lateral and anterior–posterior positions more quickly.MethodsFive trials consisting of rotating the C‐Arm and simulating surgeon movement were run using each technique. Ultraviolet light illuminating melamine powder was used to represent floor contamination. Measurements of melamine powder encroachment on the drapes were taken using the top of the C‐Arm in lateral position as the reference point. The time needed to assemble, deploy, and retract the C‐Arm was measured for each technique. The gown, gloves, and mayo stand were also examined after each trial for contamination.ResultsCompared to the clip drape, the drape tower prevented contamination from reaching the C‐Arm by an additional 30.5 cm (95% confidence interval (CI): 17.0–43.9, P < 0.001). The drape tower had faster deployment and retraction times than both the clip drape (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) and sterile pouch (P = 0.011 and P < 0.001, respectively). The clip drape and sterile pouch exhibited glove contamination in two (40%) simulations, while the drape tower showed no instances of contamination (P = 0.255).ConclusionsThe novel drape tower technique limits the encroachment of floor contamination onto sterile drapes. It should be considered as an alternative draping method for lower extremity surgery.
Opportunities, controversies, and challenges of extracorporeal hemoadsorption with CytoSorb during ECMO
Authors: Napp L. Christian , Lebreton Guillaume , De Somer Filip , Supady Alexander , Pappalardo Federico 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is frequently used in many centers around the globe for various indications. However, prognosis is often poor even with all supportive therapies, and in many cases, clinical deterioration is associated with inflammation. Hemoadsorption with CytoSorb is a novel approach to limit the inflammatory response, and the device can be safely and easily installed into ECMO circuits. CytoSorb has been used more than 130.000 times to date, but because randomized controlled trials are largely lacking, there is substantial debate on its use. Here, experts from critical care medicine, cardiology, cardiac surgery, and perfusion technology discuss the pros and cons of this novel therapy and outline the future aspects for its clinical application and research.