bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Fabrication of Body Framing and Chassis Development of Electrical Vehicle (ATV) With Simulation Analysis
Authors: Leelakar K , Krishnaraj S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Designing purpose of this electrical ATV is to manufacture an off-road vehicle that could help in transportation in hilly areas, farming field, military & border defence forces (while climbing mountains for attacking and war zone to move fast). Our perspective is designing ATV for the agriculture process with some major Agricultural operations to accomplish this task, different design aspects of electrical ATV. The vehicle was analyzed, and certain elements were chosen for a specific focus. There are many factors to an off-road electrical vehicle, such as the chassis, suspension, steering, drivetrain, power transmission, solid-state batteries, electronics driver (Acceleration, Regenerative Braking power calculus and Inputs and Outputs RPM and Efficiency) all of which require thorough design concentration. My part is to focus on where the chassis and body framing which includes steering and suspension aspects for designing. Most time and effort went into designing and implementing these components through FEA simulation and verifying the stability and efficiency of the ATV. In order to boost the edge of the ATV, it is important to pick a range of phases including content, collection, frame plan constraints, criteria for inquiry, iteration, evaluation and simulation. The above measures are critical to the unbending edge and ideal to give the driver the full protection along with enhanced road performance. The procedures are closely observed in this investigation and an attempt is being made in order that a case fit to be produced and an automobile improved that can be carried out in disagreeable environments. Due to the above proposed functionalities, a move confine must have some ideal properties and characteristics to such an extent that it is ready to withstand high anxieties created during vehicle activity just as holding fast to the prime target of giving security and solace to the inhabitant. An expanded concern concerning the move confines configuration has made the significance of recreation and investigation in this way anticipating disappointment methods of the casing. In the introduced report, we have utilized a demonstrating and reproduction programming to examine the reaction of the planned casing under different effects, reproduced based on genuine effect situations. The mimicked limit conditions and stacking application are done to anticipate the useful conduct of move confine during impacts, assisting with building up a casing plan which has adequate quality what’s more, vital wellbeing principles.
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Laminate by ANSYS Software
Authors: Surendra Bathala , Vinod D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) is used for several industrial purposes where it is required to exhibit good Flexural behavior. The flexural strength of composite is very essential property to make it as a good structural component. In the present work Glass Fiber/Epoxy resin composite laminate of six layer is modelled with the help of catia software. The Finite Element Analysis for Flexural Strength was also studied with the help of FEA software ANSYS to validate the tensile, compression and impact results with that of FEA software.
Effect of Filler Material on Mechanical and Thermogravimetric Analysis of GFRP Composite
Authors: MurthujaHussain G , Karunagaran N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this project the types of laminates (EFGS-I and EFGS-II) were fabricated. The mechanical properties of tensile, flexural, inter laminar shear stress, impact test and TGA are conducted. The test specimens were prepared as per ASTM standards. From the test results the tensile strength and impact strength of EFGS-II laminates exhibits higher values than compared to EFGS-I laminates. The flexural and inter laminar shear stress and slightly less for EFGS-II when compared to EFGS-I laminate. In TGA Analysis sample 2 has higher temperature when compared to sample 1. The reasons for these values discussed. These types of laminates are useful in the fabrication for automobile parts and aircraft parts.
Design and Analysis of Composite Spur Gear
Authors: Sai kumar Venkat , Kumar Navin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Construction of the gear system to research the reduced weight and stress distribution of casting metal and carbon fibre. In a hydraulic power transfer device in industrial spinning machines, gearing is one of the most important elements. Given their high level of certainty and controllability, in future devices, gears might dominate as perhaps the most powerful ways of sending electricity. Furthermore, the growing change in the sector to companies like car manufacturing and office automation devices from key sectors like naval boats would entail the refined use of equipment technologies. Model the spur gear model using modelling techniques. To examine the effects study on casting iron and infrastructure projects. For casting structural steel items, displacement charging should really be examined. It is important to compare and evaluate the composite gear with the current cast steel gear.
Influence of Cu2+ and Sn2+ ions on optical properties of MgS Nanoparticles: A comparative Analysis
Authors: Sakthivel P. , Gokila V. , Saranya V. , Kavi Rasu K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cu2+ and Sn2+ ions doped MgS nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical route without the aid of any capping agent. The role of Cu2+ and Sn2+ ions on the structural, optical, photoluminescence properties of MgS nanoparticles have been investigated through various analyses like XRD, TEM, EDX UV- vis absorption, transmittance studies, PL spectra and FT-IR. The average particle size was calculated as ∼ 10 nm and it was varied based on the ionic radius of the dopant. From this comparative study, it was observed that Cu2+ (2%) doped MgS showed a blue shift in Absorbance spectra, wide optical band gap and also exhibited better photoluminescence property. A strong PL emission was received in UV region and in the Red region. This combination of materials can be utilized in solar panel manufacturing as buffer material, optoelectronic devices and in red-emitting luminescent displays.
Experimental Investigation on Geo Polymer Concrete Cubes with Ambient and Sunlight Curing
Authors: Tamil Selvan S , Ganesan R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Geo polymer concrete is an imaginative advanced material that also is delivered by thoroughly supplanting PC. This investigation assists with recognizing based of utilizing steel in Geo polymer concrete. The Steel slag is utilized at various rates. The basic answer for fly-ash is blended in with proportion. The projected 3D shapes were relieved in surrounding and daylight restoring. The 3D square examples were tried at 7,14, and 28 days. The compressive strong was analyzed in two unique mechanisms of restoring for various levels of expansion of steel slag in cement. The ends are drawn, and results acquired better compressive strong by the expansion of steel slag also that the daylight is restoring increments compressive strength of cement contrasted with surrounding relieving.
Experimental investigation of reactive powder concrete Using Superplasticizers
Authors: Ramalakshmi M , Sreeji V S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Receptive powder concrete is an ultra – elite solid which has prevalent mechanical and actual properties, and made out of concrete and exceptionally fine powders, for example, quartz sand and silica smolder with low w/c proportion and super plasticizers. The destinations of the work are Utilize the pozzolanic properties of silica rage, Granular blend streamlining, utilizing Superplasticizer rather than W/c and improve malleability. Super plasticizer utilized as a water diminishing admixture in cement to improve strength. It is seen that the measure of charge passes is in the scope of 100 to 1000 coulomb it shows the chloride penetrability is low. Accordingly, the test demonstrates that the solid is exceptionally low entered by sped up chloride particles. Flexural strength of cement is examined to discover the silica smoke, and quartz powder in concrete and the impact of superplasticizers in Reactive powder concrete. These examinations incorporate an exploratory investigation of impact of various restoring conditions on mechanical properties of receptive powder concrete.
Test Investigation on Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete as Crack Arrester
Authors: Tholkapiyan M , Veeramanikandan R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The main aim of this research is to investigate the properties of glass fibers as admixtures in the concrete to attain very high strength and durability achievement for a long period. Glass fibers are extremely very fine fiber glasses, and it is one of the types of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC). This usage of glass fibers in a very small amount will give high strength and strain hardening behavior. Even though glass fibers are not so strong as polymer and carbon fibers, but it is cheaper also more brittle when compared to other fibers.
A General Study of Light Gauge Steel Building – Case Study
Authors: Venkatesan V , Ganesan R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In general, light gauge steel structural Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) members can lead to added economical design than Hot rolled Steel (HRS) members due to their high strength to weight ratio, ease ofbuilding, and fabrication. It is increased post-buckling strength and yield strength. Such members are vulnerable to local buckling at comparatively low compressive, shear, bearing stress, and bending. The utilization of light gauge steel structures has gotten progressively famous in various fields of building development. The Cold forms of hollow steel sections have a high compressive loading rate, and using infill material like Geopolymer concrete brings the best result in beams and columns joints. Sound Insulation and Head are done correctly according to the necessities of external and internal walls. Economical construction is source income for poor people.
Experimental Investigation of Light Weight Aggregate with Internal Curing Agent by Using Fly ash Aggregate
Authors: Ramesh Kumar G B , Babu Chenchu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The point of this research was to research the impact of a high volume of rooftop tile squander coarse total as an inside relieving specialist on compressive strength in the paste of fly-ash concrete. Interior relieving with squander total expanded the compressive strength of fly-ash concrete and diminished modulus of versatility. Squander total can be utilized as an inside repository to build the compressive strength and demonstrate cement design with high volume substitution of class-fly ash.
Review of Numerical Modelling and Experimental Analysis of Crack Propagation Properties in Alloy 5005
Authors: Rao Srinivas , Jayaprakash J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In light of the ANSYS stage for finite component investigation, the all-encompassing finite component technique (XFEM) considering CRACK spread in an integral relation is created, with the uprooting intermittence over the split and the solid un-predictable close to the broken tip are depicted all the most precisely. The strip with one-sided splits and focal breaks under uniaxial pressure is mimicked utilizing the FEM and XFEM individually. The J-indispensable over the split on every addition is determined utilizing the proportionate space fundamental technique (EDIM), the necessary connection strategy, and the FEM, individually. The impacts of work size and work shape is close to the split-tip, with the precision of J-essential of the different figuring techniques and type of component. As a result, the analysis gives that the size and type of component are more exact in XFEM than the similar type FEM. By using EDIM from XFEM, the J-necessary basic estimation is utilized. For break trial with cast iron examples along with one-sided splits were performed in uniaxial pressure and the necessary paradigm of J is legitimate to anticipate crack commencement in recreation.
Network Simulation Software Architecture of Blockchain: A Model-Led Viewpoint
Authors: Brindha G. , Sudha Juliet P. , Nandakumar S. D. , Valarmathi R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It was proposed that Blockchain networks would serve some of Contemporary societies’ most important functions. If used in such capacity, blockchain network failures include catastrophes stretching beyond citizens, organizations and nations. As such, the highest levels of analytic and scientific validation for blockchain network protocols must be performed prior to widespread implementation subject to key protection, trust and efficiency. Though, the size of blockchain open-access systems in their imagined scale preclude the likelihood of exact reprocessing and replication in a laboratory setting when conducting analytical evaluations. Instead, it is important to consider abstract operating models – simulators – of proposed technologies. Such simulators must be verified by the scientific community, be highly transparent and reusable to ensure that concept concepts are applied and comparable easily and reliably as instruments for the research industry. We say it will help resolve this need by developing paradigms in information technology, including model-driven creation and product lineages. We define our efforts to build an efficiency and efficient derived domain meta-model and object-focused architecture for the advanced blockchain network modules.
Deep Architecture of Neural Networks Using Stochastic Integral Computation in VLSI
Authors: Sumathy B , Venusamy Kanagaraj , David Neels Ponkumar D , Malathi P 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recently considerable attention has been paid to the deep neural networks many implementations currently need greater processes that match system architecture. However, multiple components and complex interconnections are usually needed, resulting in a wide range of occupational and abundant energy consumption. Stochastic technology clearly shows impressive outcomes for reduced area-efficient hardware implementations, although current stochastic techniques need lengthy flows that activate deep delays. We recommend a numerical model of stochastic computing in this paper and add a few simple circuits. We now suggest an effective execution of an integral SC-based DNN. The system framework was deployed on a Virtex7 Xilinx FPGA based on the average area and latency decrease of 45 % and 62 %, especially compared to the best validation design in the writings. We also consider semi-integration attributed to the fault-tolerant nature of stochastic structures, resulting in a 33 % reduction in energy consumption regarding the design of discrete datatype without even any compromising on efficiency.
We Always Travel at a Constant Speed – at the Speed of Light C
Authors: Debnath Prasenjit 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In 1915, Albert Einstein postulated the theory of general relativity which is the updated and modified version of the theory of Special Relativity (postulated in 1905) to incorporate the gravity. Although the theory of general relativity is one of the pioneering theory in the theoretical physics, but unfortunately it can only describe macrocosm of the Universe without any proper link to the microcosm of the Universe in regard of the properties of space-time. Although the great pioneering theory can measure the macroscopic universe reasonably with great accuracy, but the “true or real nature” of the space – time is still remarkably vague to till date. In this paper, I will show why space and time are mutually independent, why space and time both are constants and why we always travel at a constant speed – at the speed of light C.
Physico-chemical exploration of Yam Flour (Dioscorea alata L.) as a raw material for processed cookies
Authors: Yalindua A , Manampiring N , Waworuntu F , Yalindua F Y 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Yam (Dioscorea alata L.) is a vine and twisted stems plant, which are easily wrapped around poles. Yam is a perennial tuber plant grown as an annual plant. Yam contains carbohydrates with low levels of sugar, amylose, minerals, fat, protein and fiber. This research objective was to explore the physico-chemical of white yam and purple yam as raw material for processed cakes. Fourteen accessions of yam, consisting of 7 accessions of white yam and 7 accessions of purple yam are obtained from a previous personal collection from community gardens in 2009 located in Banggai Islands Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. The determination of carbohydrate content was carried out by hydrolysis method, amylose content by iodometry, moisture content was measured by oven drying method, ash content was obtained by using dry ashes method, fat content measured using Soxhlet method and crude fiber content using Gravimetric method. The results show that purple yam physico-chemical exploration was higher on average than white yam, except for the protein in white yam (6.96%) slightly higher than purple yam (6.57%). Purple yam contains the highest water content (10.6%) while white yam has the lowest (7.42 %). The carbohydrate content of purple yam was 79.4% which was higher than white yam (73.41%). Furthermore, the level amylose content of purple yam was on average (9.05%) higher than white yam (6.93%). The total sugar content of purple yam was 0.75% higher than white yam (0.57%). The ash content was relatively the same between purple yam and white yam (2.35% and 2.25%, respectively). The fat content of purple yam is slightly higher than white yam (0.28% and 0.19%, respectively). In terms of protein content, purple yam was lower than white yam (6.57% and 6.96%, respectively). The crude fiber content of purple yam is 1.83% which is higher than white yam (1.11%).
Biochemical characteristics and antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolate from Ctenocephalides felis
Authors: Rombot D , Semuel M Y 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cats are the most domesticated animals kept by humans in the world. Cat fleas are ectoparasites that have the potential to transmit disease caused by microbes in humans. Biochemical identification research and antibiotic resistance tests have been carried out against bacterial isolates from cat fleas. Cat fleas were isolated from cats in Manado City, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Isolation of bacteria was conducted using the scratch method on nutrient agar media. The pure bacterial culture is then used for biochemical analysis and antibiotic resistance testing. Biochemical analysis and resistance tests were performed using the Vitec 2 Compact instrument with a standardized automatic analysis model. The results obtained three species of bacteria from cat fleas based on biochemical identification, namely S. equorum, C. freundii, and Pantoea spp. Antibiotic resistance test on S. equorum showed that of the 60 types of antibiotics used, 55 were sensitive and 7 were resistant. Furthermore, C. freundii, of the 18 types of drugs, 7 were sensitive and 11 were resistant. Meanwhile, in Pantoea spp., Sensitive and resistant drugs were not found. However, the results of this study prove that bacteria from cat fleas have the potential to infect humans with relatively high antibiotic resistance.
Uric acid levels on sub-chronic oral administration of Cassava leaf extract
Authors: Nugrahaningsih W H , Wulandari I B , Habibah N A , Marianti A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cassava leaf one of herb in Indonesia needed the safety data to develop as herbal medicine. Cassava leaf contains carbohydrate, protein, flavonoid, triterpenoid, saponin, tannin, mineral, and vitamin C. The cassava leaf contained moderate purine potentially increasing the plasma uric acid. This study aims to analyze uric acid levels on plasma rat that given sub chronically cassava leaf extract. This research was an experimental posttest with control group design. The total of 36 adult rat was randomly divided into 4 groups. The experimental groups were treated Cassava leaf extract orally for 45 days. The doses were 80 mg/kg body weight (P1), 400 mg/kg body weight (P2) and 2000 mg/kg body weight. Peripheral blood was taken from orbital sinus in day 45, then was measured the uric acid level. The average of blood uric acid levels for all groups were K (1.27 mg/dL), P1 (2.13 mg/dL), P2 (1.38 mg/dL) dan P3 (1.43 mg/dL). All of values were in range of normal uric acid value for rat (1.7 - 3.0 mg/dL). The Anova analysis resulted that no difference uric acid level between control and experiment groups. We concluded that the sub chronic giving of cassava leaf extract of 80 mg/kg body weight, 400 mg/kg body weight and 2000 mg/kg body weight did not increase the uric acid levels on rat.
Sun protecting factor value of the Ficus benjamina Linn. fruits extract
Authors: Aloanis A A , Karundeng M , Paat V I , Tengker S M T , Siwu O 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sun Protection Factor or SPF is defined as the ratio between the amount of sunlight energy (UV-B) needed to cause minimal erythema on sun-protected skin with the amount of energy required to cause minimal erythema on the skin that is not protected by sunscreen. This study aims to determine the SPF value of the n-hexane fraction, the ethyl acetate fraction, methanol fraction, ethanol fraction, and butanol fraction from the Ficus benjamina Linn. fruits. SPF measurements can be done using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The result is the SPF value of n-hexane fraction is 4.935, the ethyl acetate fraction is 19.917, methanol fraction is 4.056, ethanol fraction is 8.342, and butanol fraction is 0,422. The ethyl acetate fraction of Ficus benjamina Linn. fruits has the highest SPF value, and it’s categorized as high-protection.
Production and optimization of sea salt quality on the coast of Tomini Bay
Authors: Lukum A , Mohamad E , Tangahu A D K , Ohi S Y 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Tomini Bay is a water area with an area of 59,500 km2. Especially for Gorontalo Province, it has a length of about 436.52 Km. Based on this data, the province of Gorontalo, especially the coast of Tomini Bay, has the potential to be the source of raw material for salt production. Generally, the salt production process goes through various stages of the processes, namely the first evaporation process, the second evaporation process, the concentration process, and the crystallization process. The objective of this research is to obtain pure salt that meets the Standards of SNI. The salt production method used are evaporation and purification with re-crystallization techniques by physical means (using hot water) and chemical methods by the addition of chemicals Ca(OH)2, NaOH, and Na2CO3. The results of this study showed that the obtained salt has NaCl content of 97.04%, Ca 0.55%, and Mg 0.28%. The obtained saltdoes not meet the salt requirements for SNI standards because there is still a large amount of Ca (SNI=0.10) and Mg (SNI=0.06). However, it meets the type of salt group, namely in category 1 with the best quality that meets the requirements for industrial materials and for consumption.