bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speaking of <i>Celestina</i>: Soliloquy and Monologue in the <i>Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea</i>
Authors: Scarborough Connie L. 
Published: February 2021

Los soliloquios y los monólogos son frecuentes en la Tragicomedia y desempeñan varias funciones importantes. Le permiten al lector comprender mejor las motivaciones y el estado afectivo de un personaje en momentos claves de la narrativa. Sin recurso a un narrador en tercera persona omnisciente, el soliloquio sirve de vehículo perfecto para que los personajes se examinen y entre sí debatan. Los monólogos son también depósitos de memorias y les proporcionan a los personajes una historia fuera de la duración de los eventos de la Tragicomedia, especialmente en el caso de Celestina y Pármeno. Tanto los soliloquios como los monólogos se caracterizan por arrebatos emocionales, preguntas retóricas, comparaciones y contrastes con las dificultades experimentadas por personajes históricos y mitológicos, refranes populares y declaraciones filosóficas. En vez de contribuir directamente al desarrollo de la trama, salpican la historia cada vez que un personaje sale al escenario y expresa sus opiniones, reacciones y estados de ánimo.
Tres anti-heroínas picaresca-celestinescas: los cuerpos femeninos radicalmente subyugados en <i>La hija de Celestina</i>
Authors: Byabartta Debarati 
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza el discurso de la subjetividad y la teoría crítica de la interseccionalidad a través de un análisis detallado de las tres anti-heroínas picaresca-celestinescas: Elena, Zara/María, y Méndez, retratadas en la novela medievalizadora, La hija de Celestina (1612), de Alonso Jerónimo de Salas Barbadillo. Se profundiza en la protagonista Elena, que emerge como un personaje atropellado y subyugado, así como gravemente condicionado por la raza, el género/sexo y la clase (un producto clásico de la interseccionalidad). Así, ella radicalmente personifica la subjetividad. Elena también surge como el producto maléficamente hermoso del capitalismo explotador que sobresale como un «Yo» monstruoso y frankensteiniano, cuando trata de invertir la pirámide social del poder y del control masculino. Hay un tercer aspecto de la subyugación de las mujeres en la novela, en la que debido al temor y misoginia predominantes en el Siglo de Oro, el estado patriarcal y autoritario vigila los cuerpos femeninos invariablemente en un estilo panóptico foucaultiano. Les disciplina y castiga groseramente, especialmente a Elena, la mujer fatal, y posteriormente los convierte en cuerpos dóciles.
<i>Celestina</i> en Hispanoamérica: La nostalgia de los buenos viejos tiempos como tópico celestinesco en Toro-Garland, Fuentes y Mosquera
Authors: François Jéromine 
Published: February 2021

Este estudio consiste en un examen intertextual de un tópico celestinesco, el de la nostalgia de los «buenos viejos tiempos», que se ha vuelto un verdadero leitmotiv en las reescrituras literarias de La Celestina publicadas en Hispanoamérica desde el último tercio del siglo XX. A través del análisis de Razón y pasión de enamorados (1973) de Fernando Toro-Garland, de Terra Nostra (1975) de Carlos Fuentes y de Manifiesto de Celestina (1995) de Marta Mosquera, se evidenciarán así las distintas funciones atribuidas a este tópic en las reescrituras contemporáneas de Ultramar: la nostalgia y la temática de la vejez con la que se asocia en la Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea no sólo participan en la adaptación de estas nuevas Celestinas a nuevos contextos ficcionales, sino que también dan cuenta de una relectura de la Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea por parte de sus imitadores hispanoamericanos.
El pintor de corte y los funcionarios del rey: Criterios de valoración artística en la monarquía borbónica / The Court Painter and the King's Officials: Artistic Evaluation Criteria between the Bourbon Monarchy and Río de la Plata Viceroyalty
Authors: Scocchera Vanina 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT: This article aims to investigate the decisions taken by the Hispanic monarchy regarding the destination that the paintings of the Society of Jesus should have reached, after their expulsion in 1767. In this respect, the present article is based on the comparison between the recommendations of Antonio Rafael Mengs, a Bourbon painter, with regard to the most favorable use that could be given to existing works in the Iberian Peninsula (which determines the patrimonial survey carried out by Antonio Ponz in his Trip) and the course that similar works had in Rio de la Plata viceroyalty. The article then proposes exploring the dynamics of circulation of images and cult objects that, on more than one occasion, were crossed by the particular interests of a number of agents, such as royal officials, prelates or priests, and were involved in redistribution processes which motivated their symbolic resignification.
KEYWORDS
Society of Jesus; Hispanic monarchy; Paintings; Rio de la Plata viceroyalty; Temporalities.
RESUMEN: Este artículo propone indagar en las decisiones tomadas por la monarquía hispánica respecto del destino que debían darse a las pinturas que se hallaran en iglesias, colegios y convictorios que habían pertenecido a la Compañía de Jesús y que, tras la expulsión de la orden en 1767, quedaron bajo propiedad monárquica. En este sentido, el presente trabajo parte de la contraposición entre el ya conocido documento que vierte las recomendaciones de Antonio Rafael Mengs, pintor de corte borbón, respecto del destino más favorable que se le pudiera dar a las obras existentes en la península ibérica –y que determina el relevamiento patrimonial realizado por Antonio Ponz en su Viaje– y la fortuna que corrieron obras semejantes en territorio americano. El artículo se propone entonces indagar en las dinámicas de circulación de obras que, en más de una ocasión, estuvieron atravesadas por los intereses particulares de diversos agentes –entre los que se encuentran funcionarios reales, prelados y religiosos– y que motivaron su participación en procesos de redistribución y de resignificación simbólica.
Temas hercúleos en la oratoria sagrada novohispana / Herculean Themes in Novohispanic Sacred Oratory
Authors: Perez Martinez Ramón Manuel 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT: Romans paused at the gateway of the Mediterranean, like Hercules, and stated that it was not possible to go beyond —non plus ultra—and in so doing they forged the idea of a closed universe, filled with horrific legends, where a man could not venture without finding death. The Catholic kings (there is no originality in saying this) achieved ultramarine expansion precisely under the banner of plus ultra, so they not only used the restrictive myth as a propellant, but also used Hercules as a discursive topic referring to the religious, political and military activity in the Hispanic domains. The objective of this paper is to propose an initial reflection on the use of Hercules in Novohispanic sacred oratory, particularly as an emblematic illustration in inductive proofs, in the work of a pair of preachers: Juan Martínez de la Parra (1692 [1705]) and Fernando Alonso González (1720).
KEYWORDS
Hercules; Emblems; Preaching; Nueva España.
RESUMEN: Los romanos se detienen en la puerta del mediterráneo, como Hércules, declarando que no es posible ir más allá —non plus ultra— con lo que fijaron la idea de un universo cerrado, poblado de leyendas horrorosas, a donde el hombre no podría aventurarse sin encontrar la muerte. Los reyes católicos (no hay ninguna originalidad en decir esto) lograron la expansión ultramarina precisamente bajo la divisa plus ultra, con lo que no sólo usaron el mito restrictivo como propulsor, sino que además colocaron a Hércules como tópico útil para tareas discursivas referidas a la actividad religiosa, política y militar en los dominios hispanos. El objetivo de esta ponencia es proponer una reflexión inicial sobre el uso de Hércules en la oratoria sagrada novohispana, particularmente como ilustración emblemática en funciones de prueba inductiva en la obra de un par de predicadores: Juan Martínez de la Parra (1692 [1705]) y Fernando Alonso González (1720).
Venegas Ramos, Alberto [2020]. Pasado interactivo. Memoria e historia en el videojuego
Authors: Aloy Ricart Rita 
Published: February 2021

Recensión de libro:
Venegas Ramos, Alberto [2020]. Pasado interactivo. Memoria e historia en el videojuego. Vitoria-Gasteiz, Sans Soleil Ediciones, 262 pp.
Practicing Online Travel Writing. How My Blogging and Australia Met
Authors: Calzati Stefano 
Published: February 2021

Travelling and writing, then, come to be two very complementary practices of discovery: cross-cultural (of the Other, encountered on the road) and gnoseological (of the Self, who takes the road). As a consequence, once we accept that travel writing stems from the interplay between travelling and writing as practices, then the pragmatic strength of this literary genre is brought to light. This article presents an intertwinement between practice and theory by alternating passages (translated into English) from the blog with an analysis of these same passages.
Factors Influencing on Export Engagement of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Sri Lanka: Resource Based View
Authors: Madushanka Hashen , Sachitra Vilani 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Sri Lankan government has recognized small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as the backbone of the economy. Export is the most adapted internationalization mechanism by SMEs. Export activities of SMEs are caused to reduce trade balance deficit, increase capital inflow, increase employment, create balance of payment surplus and increase the production. In the most of the developing countries, considerable amount of total export activities is performed by SMEs. However, a few numbers of SMEs are exporting in Sri Lanka. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence on export engagement of SMEs in Sri Lanka.
Methods: Explanatory research approach followed by quantitative method used in this study. Based on literature, financial capability, management capability, government policy and marketing information were selected as influencing factors on export engagement of SMEs. Scope of the study consisted with SMEs in the manufacturing sector, located in Western province. A structured questionnaire was used for the primary data collection.
Findings: The survey was conducted on 151 SMEs. The multiple regression analysis results revealed that 72.6% of the variation in export engagement can be explained by financial capability, management capabilities and government policies. However, marketing information was not a significant determinant of export engagement of SMEs. Among the factors, management capability recorded the highest beta value (beta = 0.487) followed by financial capabilities.
Research Implications: This study helps to enhance the development of the country through assisting the SMEs to enhance their exports by having a better understand about the factors influence for export engagement of SMEs. The SMEs which are not engaged with export, can get a knowledge about the most important factors of the export-engaged enterprises have.
Further Study Suggestions: Future studies might concern in depth analysis of problems face by SMEs when engaging with exports and remedies for those problems by using many sample size within a long period of time.
A Genetic Algorithm for the Double Row Layout Problem
Authors: Rifai Achmad Pratama , Windras Mara Setyo Tri , Kusumastuti Putri Adriani , Wiraningrum Rakyan Galuh 
Published: February 2021

The double row layout problem (DRLP) is an NP-hard and has many applications in the industry. The problem concerns on arranging the position of machines on the two rows so that the material handling cost is minimized. Although several mathematical programming models and local heuristics have been previously proposed, there is still a requirement to develop an approach that can solve the problem efficiently. Here, a genetic algorithm is proposed, which is aimed to solve the DRLP in a reasonable and applicable time. The performances of the proposed method, both its obtained objective values and computational time, are evaluated by comparing it with the existing mathematical programming model. The results demonstrate that the proposed GA can find relatively high-quality solutions in much shorter time than the mathematical programming model, especially in the problem with large number of machines.
Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolism
Authors: Speroff L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn October, 1995, the United Kingdom Committee on Safety of Medicines recommended that women should use oral contraceptives containing desogestrel or gestodene only if prepared to accept an increased risk of thromboembolism. This action was based on observational studies that indicated a 2–3‐fold increase in the risk of thromboembolism when desogestrel and gestodene‐containing contraceptives were compared to products with levonorgestrel. The fact that these studies point in the same direction is concerning, but it is possible that these observational studies, somewhat similar in design, are influenced by the same unrecognized biases. Furthermore, the case numbers are relatively small (20–40 cases), and, for example, preferential prescribing to women at greater risk could affect the results. It is difficult to reconcile the conclusions with the strong belief supported by good evidence that thrombosis is an estrogen dose‐related complication, and that progestational agents have no impact on clotting parameters. In my view, these equivocal reports are not of sufficient strength to escape biases and to change our prescribing of oral contraceptives.
Effect of tumor necrosis factor α and β on human oligodendrocytes and neurons in culture
Authors: McLaurin J. , D'Souza S. , Stewart J. , Blain M. , Beaudet A. , Nalbantoglu J. , Antel J.P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCytokines produced by infiltrating hematogenous cells or by glial cells activated during the course of central nervous system disease or trauma are implicated as mediators of tissue injury. In this study, we have assessed the extent and mechanism of injury of human‐derived CNS oligodendrocytes and neurons in vitro mediated by the cytokines tumor necrosis factor α and β and compared these with the tumor necrosis factor independent effects mediated by activated CD4+ T‐cells. We found that activated CD4+ T‐cells, but not tumor necrosis factor α or β, could induce significant release of lactate dehydrogenase, a measure of cell membrane lysis, from oligodendrocytes within 24 hr. Neither induced DNA fragmentation as measured using a fluorescence nick‐end labelling technique. After a more prolonged time period (96 hr), tumor necrosis factor α did induce nuclear fragmentation changes in a significant proportion of oligodendrocytes without increased lactate dehydrogenase release. The extent of DNA fragmentation was comparable to that induced by serum deprivation. Tumor necrosis factor β effects were even more pronounced. In contrast to oligodendrocytes, the extent of DNA fragmentation, assessed by propidium iodide staining, induced in neurons by tumor necrosis factor α was less than that induced by serum deprivation. In‐situ hybridization studies of human adult glial cells in culture indicated that astrocytes, as well as microglia, can express tumor necrosis factor α mRNA.
Rapid neurite formation in a human cortical neuronal cell line
Authors: Dunn K.J. , Perez‐Polo J.R. , Wood T.G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe subclone HCN‐1 was derived from parental cell lines from cortical tissue of a patient with unilateral megalencephaly growth and immunochemistry staining characteristics [G. V. Ronnett et al. (1990) Human cortical neuronal cell line: establishment from a patient with unilateral megalencephaly. Science248, 603–605]. As we and others have shown, HCN‐1A cells can be induced to differentiate to a neuronal‐like morphology. HCN‐1A cells stain positively for neurofilament, neuron‐specific enolase and the low‐affinity neurotrophin receptors, p75NGFR, but not for myelin basic protein, S‐100, or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). HCN‐1A cells also stain positively for gamma‐aminobutyric acid and glutamate. In the present study, we examine the effects of cell density on the requirements for efficient induction of differentiation of HCN‐1A cells and analyze the time course of this induction and its reversion. We also characterize the changes in cytoskeletal proteins of HCN‐1A cells in response to their differentiation neuronal phenotype.
Human fetal brain cells in aggregate culture: A model system to study regulatory processes of the developing human neuropeptide Y (NPY)‐producing neuron
Authors: Aguila‐Mansilla Nelson , Barnea Ayalla 
Published: July 2002

AbstractNeuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most abundant neuropeptides in the brain and it has been implicated in a wide range of brain functions, including mentation. The aim of this study was to establish a culture system of human fetal brain cells expressing NPY in a regulated manner. The NPY production in response to forskolin and phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) was taken as a criterion for regulated expression of NPY. Aggregates were formed from dissociated cells derived from the cerebral hemispheres of human fetuses (12.5–19 weeks' gestation) by constant rotation and were maintained in serum‐free medium. A 24 hr exposure to 10 μM forskolin + 20 nM PMA led to a 2–6‐fold increase in NPY content of the cultures, most of which (80–90%) was secreted into the medium. The latter consisted of two substances differing in size: one corresponding in size to proNPY and the other to NPY. Thus, forskolin + PMA led to an increased production of NPY. Exposure to PMA alone led to an increase in NPY production comparable to that seen after forskolin + PMA and this effect of PMA was dose‐dependent. In contrast, forskolin alone did not induce NPY production. Conditioned medium, derived from monolayer cultures enriched with human astrocytes, enhanced NPY production in response to forskolin + PMA in an age‐dependent manner. The NPY production by aggregates derived from a 12.5‐week‐, 14‐week‐ and 18‐week‐old fetus was enhanced 3‐3.6‐fold, 1.6‐2‐fold and 1.1‐fold, respectively. Thus, expression of the NPY neurons in this culture system is a regulated process. The NPY production is enhanced markedly by activation of the protein kinase C pathway and by an astrocyte‐derived soluble substance(s). Based on these results, we propose that this culture system can serve as a model for the study of regulatory processes of the human developing NPY neuron.
Identification of immunoreactive mammalian gonadotropin‐releasing hormone in the brain of metamorphic larvae of Bufo arenarum hensel (Amphibia: Anura)
Authors: Somoza Gustavo M. , Paz Dante A. , Stefano Andrea V. , Affanni Jorge M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractGonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) immunoreactivity in brain extracts of Bufo arenarum tadpoles were investigated by high‐performance liquid chromatography, followed by radioimmunoassay analysis using two different antisera raised against different GnRH variants. Only one immunoreactive peak was identified, eluting in the same position as synthetic mammalian GnRH. This result was further confirmed by serial dilution studies using more specific mammalian GnRH antisera. Our results suggest that mammalian GnRH is most likely an endogenous peptide in the brain of the developing larvae and froglets of Bufo arenarum and quite likely it is the only GnRH variant present during those development stages. The distribution and density of cell bodies and fibers were analysed by immunocytochemical procedures. Immunoreactive cell bodies appeared in the olfactory epithelium and across the olfactory nerve at late prometamorphic larval stages. Near the metamorphic climax and in froglets, perikarya and fibers were detected in basal forebrain, preoptic and hypothalamic areas. No immunoreaction was observed at midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord levels. This study suggests that mammalian GnRH is most likely an endogenous peptide and is probably the only GnRH variant in the brain of the developing larvae and froglets of Bufo arenarum.
Nutritional interventions for the prevention of maternal morbidity
Authors: Kulier R. , de Onis M. , Gülmezoglu A.M. , Villar J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To review the effectiveness of nutritional interventions to prevent maternal morbidity. Methods: This is an overview of systematic reviews and individual randomized controlled trials (if no systematic review available) of nutritional interventions during pregnancy. For each nutrient intervention the main maternal morbidity data reported were extracted. These were pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia, pregnancy‐induced hypertension, hemorrhage, anemia, infection and obstructed labor. In addition, the trial settings, the number of trials and participants' characteristics were systematically extracted. Results: The systematic reviews considered in this paper had only few trials that reported the selected maternal outcomes. Outcome measures are based sometimes on one trial only. Most of the interventions compared single micronutrient supplementation with placebo/no treatment and did not show significant benefits for the supplementation groups. Calcium supplementation in women at high risk of pregnancy hypertension reduced the incidence of high blood pressure (RR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.21–0.57) and pre‐eclampsia (RR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.11–0.43). Similarly, in women with low dietary calcium intake, calcium supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of high blood pressure (RR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.38–0.62) and pre‐eclampsia (RR, 0.32; CI, 0.21–0.49). In women at low risk of pregnancy hypertension or with adequate baseline calcium intake, the beneficial effects of calcium supplementation are small and unlikely to be of clinical significance. Both, iron and folate supplementation reduced the number of women with low pre‐delivery hemoglobin. Conclusions: Routine calcium supplementation seems to be a promising intervention for pregnant women at risk of developing preeclampsia or have low calcium intake, but these findings need to be confirmed with a trial with adequate power in different settings. In populations with high incidence of nutritional anemia routine iron and folate supplementation should be recommended during ante‐natal care. It is unclear at this stage if adding vitamin A to iron and folate supplementation in anemia prevalent areas provides further benefits. There is inadequate data on the benefits or harms of routine iron or folate supplementation in adequately nourished populations. With regard to other micronutrient supplementation, such as zinc, magnesium and fish oil, randomized controlled trials with sufficient power to detect clinically important differences in maternal and infant outcomes are needed.