bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-communicable diseases in the southwest of Iran: profile and baseline data from the Shahrekord PERSIAN Cohort Study
Authors: Ahmadi Ali , Shirani Majid , Khaledifar Arsalan , Hashemzadeh Morteza , Solati Kamal , Kheiri Soleiman , Sadeghi Mehraban , Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah , Shahraki Hadi Raeisi , Asgharzadeh Alireza , Salehifard Ali Zamen , Mousavi Masoumeh , Zarean Elaheh , Goujani Reza , Nazari Seyed Saeed Hashemi , Poustchi Hossein , Dugué Pierre-Antoine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Critical inter-provincial differences within Iran in the pattern of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and difficulties inherent to identifying prevention methods to reduce mortality from NCDs have challenged the implementation of the provincial health system plan. The Shahrekord Cohort Study (SCS) was designed to address these gaps in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, a province of high altitude in the southwest of Iran, characterized by its large Bakhtiari population, along with Fars and Turk ethnicity groups.

Methods
This ongoing cohort, a prospective, large-scale longitudinal study, includes a unique, rich biobank and was conducted for the first time in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province in Iran. SCS is a part of the PERSIAN (Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN) cohort. The study began in 2015, recruited 10075 participants (52.8% female, 47.2% male) from both urban (n=7034) and rural (n=3041) areas, and participants will be annually followed up for at least 15 years. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using baseline data from the SCS, using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Data analysis was performed using Stata software.

Results
The prevalence of NCDs was 9.8% for type 2 diabetes, 17.1% for hypertension, 11.6% for thyroid disease, 0.2% for multiple sclerosis and 5.7, 0.9 and 1.3% for ischemic heart disease, stroke and myocardial infarction, respectively. The prevalence of multimorbidity (≥2 NCDs) was higher in women (39.1%) than men (24.9%). The means (standard deviations) of age, BMI, systolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were 49.5 (9) years, 27.6 (4.6) kg/m2, 115.4 (17.3) mmHg and 96.7 (27.3) mg/dL, respectively. Logistic regression models showed that older age, female gender, living in an urban area, non-native ethnicity, high wealth index, unemployment, obesity, low physical activity, hypertriglyceridemia, high fasting blood sugar, alkaline urine pH and high systolic and diastolic blood pressure were associated with increased prevalence of NCDs.

Conclusions
The SCS provides a platform for epidemiological studies that will be useful to better control NCDs in the southwest of Iran and to foster research collaboration. The SCS will be an essential resource for identifying NCD risk factors in this region and designing relevant public health interventions.
Effects of secukinumab on bone mineral density and bone turnover biomarkers in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: 2-year data from a phase 3 study, MEASURE 1
Authors: Braun Jürgen , Buehring Bjoern , Baraliakos Xenofon , Gensler Lianne S. , Porter Brian , Quebe-Fehling Erhard , Haemmerle Sibylle 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAxial spondyloarthritis including ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is characterized by chronic inflammation and new bone formation in the axial skeleton. On the other hand, bone loss, osteoporosis and an increased risk of vertebral fractures is known to frequently occur in AS. In the MEASURE 1 study, the clinically efficacious interleukin-17A inhibitor secukinumab was shown to have limited radiographic progression through 4 years in patients with active AS. Here we present a post hoc analysis to evaluate the effect of secukinumab on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover biomarkers over 2 years in this study.MethodsBMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck. Spinal radiographs performed at baseline and Week 104 were assessed by modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS) and analyzed in relation to BMD change, considering baseline syndesmophytes. Bone turnover biomarkers were assessed at baseline and at Weeks 52 or 104.ResultsAmong 104 patients included in this analysis, 66% were male, with a mean (SD) age of 40.4 (12.3) years. In postmenopausal women and men ≥50 years of age (T-score), the proportion of patients having normal BMD at baseline and Week 104 were 54.5%/54.5% (lumbar spine), 31.6%/55.6% (total hip), and 42.1%/44.4% (femoral neck). Similarly, at baseline, the proportion of patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis was 31.8%/13.6% (lumbar spine), 57.9%/10.5% (total hip), 42.1%/15.8% (femoral neck), and 36.4%/9.1% (lumbar spine), 44.4%/0% (total hip) and 55.6%/0% (femoral neck) at Week 104, respectively. In premenopausal women and men < 50 years of age (Z-score), the proportion of patients having BMD below the expected range for age at baseline and Week 104 were 25.0%/21.2% (lumbar spine), 11.3%/17.8% (total hip), and 9.9%/8.9% (femoral neck). In relation to mSASSS change scores ≥2 over 2 years, the increase in lumbar spine BMD was not related to radiographic progression and syndesmophyte formation. No significant changes were observed in the bone turnover markers over time.ConclusionThe high proportion of AS patients with diminished BMD was confirmed in this study. An increase of BMD in the lumbar spine after 2 years of secukinumab treatment in patients with AS was found that was probably unrelated to radiographic progression. No relevant effects of secukinumab on bone turnover biomarkers were documented.Trial registrationMEASURE 1 (post hoc analysis) Clinicaltrials.gov,NCT01358175; Registered, 23 May 2011.
Genetic markers associated with insecticide resistance and resting behaviour in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in selected sites in Kenya
Authors: Mwagira-Maina Sharon , Runo Steven , Wachira Lucy , Kitur Stanley , Nyasende Sarah , Kemei Brigid , Ochomo Eric , Matoke-Muhia Damaris , Mbogo Charles , Kamau Luna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Molecular diagnostic tools have been incorporated in insecticide resistance monitoring programmes to identify underlying genetic basis of resistance and develop early warning systems of vector control failure. Identifying genetic markers of insecticide resistance is crucial in enhancing the ability to mitigate potential effects of resistance. The knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation associated with resistance to DDT and pyrethroids, the acetylcholinesterase-1 (ace-1R) mutation associated with resistance to organophosphates and carbamates and 2La chromosomal inversion associated with indoor resting behaviour, were investigated in the present study.

Methods
Anopheles mosquitoes sampled from different sites in Kenya and collected within the context of malaria vector surveillance were analysed. Mosquitoes were collected indoors using light traps, pyrethrum spray and hand catches between August 2016 and November 2017. Mosquitoes were identified using morphological keys and Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) mosquitoes further identified into sibling species by the polymerase chain reaction method following DNA extraction by alcohol precipitation. Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis were analysed for the presence of the kdr and ace-1R mutations, while 2La inversion was only screened for in An. gambiae where it is polymorphic. Chi-square statistics were used to determine correlation between the 2La inversion karyotype and kdr-east mutation.

Results
The kdr-east mutation occurred at frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 65.6% between sites. The kdr-west mutation was only found in Migori at a total frequency of 5.3% (n = 124). No kdr mutants were detected in Tana River. The ace-1R mutation was absent in all populations. The 2La chromosomal inversion screened in An. gambiae occurred at frequencies of 87% (n = 30), 80% (n = 10) and 52% (n = 50) in Baringo, Tana River and Migori, respectively. A significant association between the 2La chromosomal inversion and the kdr-east mutation was found.

Conclusion
The significant association between the 2La inversion karyotype and kdr-east mutation suggests that pyrethroid resistant An. gambiae continue to rest indoors regardless of the presence of treated bed nets and residual sprays, a persistence further substantiated by studies documenting continued mosquito abundance indoors. Behavioural resistance by which Anopheles vectors prefer not to rest indoors may, therefore, not be a factor of concern in this study’s malaria vector populations.
Cannabidiol (CBD) Use among children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Failing Christopher J , Boehnke Kevin F. , Riebschleger Meredith 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is common and difficult to treat. Cannabidiol (CBD) is now widely available, but no studies to date have investigated the use of CBD for JIA.

Methods
We performed a chart review to identify patients with JIA at a Midwestern medical institution between 2017 and 2019. We surveyed primary caregivers of JIA patients using an anonymous, online survey with questions on caregiver knowledge and attitudes towards CBD. We compared respondents with no interest in CBD use vs. those contemplating or currently using CBD using descriptive statistics.

Results
Of 900 reviewed charts, 422 met inclusion criteria. Of these, 236 consented to be sent a survey link, and n=136 (58%) completed surveys. Overall, 34.5% (n=47) of respondents reported no interest in using a CBD product for their child’s JIA, while 54% (n=79) reported contemplating using CBD and 7% (n=10) reported currently giving their child CBD. Only 2% of respondents contemplating or actively using a CBD product learned about CBD from their child’s rheumatologist, compared with television (70%) or a friend (50%). Most respondents had not talked to their child’s rheumatologist about using CBD. Of those currently using CBD, most used oral or topical products, and only 10% of respondents (n=1) knew what dose they were giving their child.

Conclusions
Our results show infrequent use but a large interest in CBD among caregivers of children with JIA. Given CBD’s unknown safety profile in children with JIA, this study highlights a need for better studies and education around CBD for pediatric rheumatologists.
Hepatitis C virus DNA vaccines: a systematic review
Authors: Shayeghpour Ali , Kianfar Roya , Hosseini Parastoo , Ajorloo Mehdi , Aghajanian Sepehr , Hedayat Yaghoobi Mojtaba , Hashempour Tayebeh , Mozhgani Sayed-Hamidreza 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Vaccination against HCV is an effective measure in reduction of virus-related public health burden and mortality. However, no prophylactic vaccine is available as of yet. DNA-based immunization is a promising modality to generate cellular and humoral immune responses. The objective of this study is to provide a systematic review of HCV DNA vaccines and investigate and discuss the strategies employed to optimize their efficacies.

Methods
MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and databases in persian language including the Regional Information Centre for Science & Technology (RICeST), the Scientific Information Database and the Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc) were examined to identify studies pertaining to HCV nucleic acid vaccine development from 2000 to 2020.

Results
Twenty-seven articles were included. Studies related to HCV RNA vaccines were yet to be published. A variety of strategies were identified with the potential to optimize HCV DNA vaccines such as incorporating multiple viral proteins and molecular tags such as HBsAg and Immunoglobulin Fc, multi-epitope expression, co-expression plasmid utilization, recombinant subunit immunogens, heterologous prime-boosting, incorporating NS3 mutants in DNA vaccines, utilization of adjuvants, employment of less explored methods such as Gene Electro Transfer, construction of multi- CTL epitopes, utilizing co/post translational modifications and polycistronic genes, among others. The effectiveness of the aforementioned strategies in boosting immune response and improving vaccine potency was assessed.

Conclusions
The recent progress on HCV vaccine development was examined in this systematic review to identify candidates with most promising prophylactic and therapeutic potential.
Longitudinal DNA methylation dynamics as a practical indicator in clinical epigenetics
Authors: Komaki Shohei , Ohmomo Hideki , Hachiya Tsuyoshi , Sutoh Yoichi , Ono Kanako , Furukawa Ryohei , Umekage So , Otsuka-Yamasaki Yayoi , Tanno Kozo , Sasaki Makoto , Shimizu Atsushi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
One of the fundamental assumptions of DNA methylation in clinical epigenetics is that DNA methylation status can change over time with or without interplay with environmental and clinical conditions. However, little is known about how DNA methylation status changes over time under ordinary environmental and clinical conditions. In this study, we revisited the high frequency longitudinal DNA methylation data of two Japanese males (24 time-points within three months) and characterized the longitudinal dynamics.

Results
The results showed that the majority of CpGs on Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip probe set were longitudinally stable over the time period of three months. Focusing on dynamic and stable CpGs extracted from datasets, dynamic CpGs were more likely to be reported as epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) markers of various traits, especially those of immune- and inflammatory-related traits; meanwhile, the stable CpGs were enriched in metabolism-related genes and were less likely to be EWAS markers, indicating that the stable CpGs are stable both in the short-term within individuals and under various environmental and clinical conditions.

Conclusions
This study indicates that CpGs with different stabilities are involved in different functions and traits, and thus, they are potential indicators that can be applied for clinical epigenetic studies to outline underlying mechanisms.
Macrophage activation syndrome in MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis and COVID-19 infection
Authors: Keshtkarjahromi Marzieh , Chhetri Sumit , Balagani Amulya , Tayyab Umm-ul-Banin B. , Haas Christopher J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a rare multiorgan system disorder that may present as a fatal complication of underlying rheumatological disease, including dermatomyositis.

Case presentation
Here, we report the case of a 65-year-old Caucasian female with a history of psoriasis and a recent diagnosis of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who presented with progressive generalized weakness, joint pains, an erythematous rash, shortness of breath, and weight loss. She was ultimately diagnosed with biopsy-confirmed melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5)-positive dermatomyositis complicated by MAS, requiring intravenous immunoglobulin and high-dose methylprednisolone.

Conclusions
This report serves as a clinical reminder of the rare, yet clinically relevant association between MDA5-positive dermatomyositis and MAS, as well as highlights the potential contribution of other immune system activating diseases, such as COVID-19, associated with a cytokine storm and hyperinflammatory state.
Severity-dependent variations of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in peripheral vestibular vertigo
Authors: Bintang Andi Kurnia , Magasingan Eva Iin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Peripheral vestibular vertigo is a common cause of vertigo especially in the elderly. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a rapid and cost-effective inflammatory marker that has been assessed previously in peripheral vestibular disorders. However, its relation to the severity of peripheral vertigo has not been previously investigated. The aim of this study is to assess the levels of NLR in peripheral vestibular vertigo of various severity categories. This was a cross-sectional study at the Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and Hasanuddin University Teaching Hospital in Makassar. The NLR was measured among subjects with periphel vestibular vertigo with severity categorised using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) questionnaire.

Results
A total of 39 participants with peripheral vestibular vertigo were recruited. A statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.002, Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA) between the mean NLR for the mild, moderate, and severe DHI categories were 2.47 ± 1.66, 2.64 ± 0.96, and 5.15 ± 2.59 respectively.

Conclusion
A significant difference in the NLR was found between the three different vertigo severity groups, wherein NLR values rise with increase in vertigo severity. This warrants further exploration on the role of inflammatory biomarkers in vertigo pathophysiology and clinical assessment.
The possible relation between stigma, parent psychiatric symptoms, quality of life and the disease burden in families of children with autism spectrum disorder in Egypt: a multicentre study
Authors: Gabra Romany H. , Hashem Doaa F. , Ahmed Gellan K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Most autism spectrum disorder (ASD) interventions evaluated child outcomes and ignoring the role of parent and family factors on both the immediate- and long-term effects of therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between stigma, parent mental health problems, and quality of life and burden in families of children with ASD in Egypt and its risk factors. Seventy parents of ASD children were recruited from two child intervention centers. Participants were divided into two groups based on burden scale: caregivers of moderate burden (n = 27) and caregivers of severe burden (n = 43). All parents were evaluated for demographic data, zarit Burden Interview, socioeconomic scale, symptom checklist–90 (SCL90), Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue Community Stigma Scale (EMIC-CSS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF (WHOQOL-BREF).

Results
Half of the parents reported significant stigma, particularly caregivers with a severe burden. Caregivers with severe burden had more depression and about twice the frequency of sensitivity and somatization problems, lower QoL (20%) as compared with caregivers with moderate burden. Parents with ASD had many associate factors such as work, male autistic children and their caregiver, age of children and parents, the severity of the condition, and disease duration with burden, stigma, QoL, and mental health problems.

Conclusions
This study linked the interrelationships between increased burden and stigma, impaired quality of life, and parental mental health problems; the presence of one of these variables was found to increase the risk of other variables.
Symbiotic and adverse interplay of hypogeal germination periods on brown rice (Oryza sativa): nutrient and non-nutrient characteristics
Authors: Chima Judith Uchenna , Fasuan Temitope Omolayo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the symbiotic and adverse consequence of hypogeal germination periods on nutrients and non-nutrient characteristics of brown rice (Oryza sativa). Brown rice paddy was subjected to hypogeal germination for 0–72 h using one-factor design-response surface methodology (OFD-RSM) and evaluated for nutrients and non-nutrient characteristics. The results showed that hypogeal germination caused a significant (p < 0.05) change in the proximate composition: protein (9.42–12.36%), fat (0.88–1.38%), ash (1.87–2.50%); anti-nutrients: saponin (2.03–2.22%), oxalate (2.44–3.45 mg/100 g), phytate (6.99–8.81 mg/100 g); functional properties: water absorption capacity, WAC (121.23–147.78%), oil absorption capacity, OAC (121.39–147.26%); antioxidants properties: 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH (35.30–43.60%), ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP (0.054–0.119 mMolFe2+), metal chelating activity, MCA (44.28–52.99%), total phenolic content, TPC (0.623–0.798 mg gallic acid equipvalent per gram (mgGAE/g)), total flavonoid content, TFC (43.47–50.63 mg rutin equivalent per gram (mgRUTIN/g)); and mineral content: calcium (36.0–41.76 mg/100 g), phosphorus (82.53–94.32 mg/100 g), and magnesium (162.70–168.36 mg/100 g). Germination had significant symbiotic effects (linear and quadratic) on the proximate, DPPH, FRAP, MCA, TPC, WAC, OAC, and anti-nutrients. Whereas, adverse effects (linear and quadratic) of germination were noted in total flavonoids and anti-nutrients. Optimum hypogeal germination period of 72.18 h was established and corresponding protein (12.37 g/100 g), fat (1.37 g/100 g), fibre (2.15 g/100 g), moisture (10.07 g/100 g), DPPH (43.66%), FRAP (0.105mMolFe2+), TPC (0.08mgGAE/g), TFC (50.25MgRUTIN/g), WAC (147.99%), OAC (147.29%), Calcium (41.77 mg/100 g), iron (0.207 mg/100 g), zinc (5.89 mg/100 g), phosphorus (94.77 mg/100 g). Phenolic compounds profile of the optimized germinated brown rice showed the presence of gallic acid (2.84 mg/100 g), 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (3.41 mg/100 g), caffeic acid (4.63 mg/100 g), vanillic acid (6.19 mg/100 g), catechin (3.88 mg/100 g), chlorogenic acid (1.93 mg/100 g), ferulic acid (4.16 mg/100 g), and quercetin (1.27 mg/100 g) whereas, the non-germinated rice showed gallic acid (2.05 mg/100 g), 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (2.53 mg/100 g), caffeic acid (4.11 mg/100 g), vanillic acid (6.08 mg/100 g), catechin (3.35 mg/100 g), chlorogenic acid (1.89 mg/100 g), ferulic acid (4.23 mg/100 g), and quercetin (1.29 mg/100 g). Hypogeal germinated brown rice could find application as a functional ingredient in food formulation.
Beyond the basics: a detailed conceptual framework of integrated STEM
Authors: Roehrig Gillian H. , Dare Emily A. , Ellis Joshua A. , Ring-Whalen Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGiven the large variation in conceptualizations and enactment of K− 12 integrated STEM, this paper puts forth a detailed conceptual framework for K− 12 integrated STEM education that can be used by researchers, educators, and curriculum developers as a common vision. Our framework builds upon the extant integrated STEM literature to describe seven central characteristics of integrated STEM: (a) centrality of engineering design, (b) driven by authentic problems, (c) context integration, (d) content integration, (e) STEM practices, (f) twenty-first century skills, and (g) informing students about STEM careers. Our integrated STEM framework is intended to provide more specific guidance to educators and support integrated STEM research, which has been impeded by the lack of a deep conceptualization of the characteristics of integrated STEM. The lack of a detailed integrated STEM framework thus far has prevented the field from systematically collecting data in classrooms to understand the nature and quality of integrated STEM instruction; this delays research related to the impact on student outcomes, including academic achievement and affect. With the framework presented here, we lay the groundwork for researchers to explore the impact of specific aspects of integrated STEM or the overall quality of integrated STEM instruction on student outcomes.