bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombinant FVIIa in elective non‐orthopaedic surgery of adults with haemophilia and inhibitors: A systematic literature review
Authors: Dolan Gerard , Astermark Jan , Hermans Cedric 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo assess available evidence on the use of rFVIIa in non‐orthopaedic surgery including dental surgery in adult patients with congenital haemophilia with inhibitors (PWHI).MethodsA systematic literature search was performed according to a prespecified search string; prespecified criteria were used to select applicable studies including PWHI ≥18 years of age who underwent any non‐orthopaedic surgery using rFVIIa.ResultsThirty‐three publications met the eligibility criteria, of which 26 publications – including 46 procedures in 44 patients – were selected for the qualitative analysis. Most publications were case reports or case series (21/26). Primary authors assessed rFVIIa as effective in maintaining haemostasis during and after most major surgeries (22/32). rFVIIa dose was mainly on label, with higher doses used in 4 cases, and a lower dose in 1 case. Duration of treatment was mostly 5–10 days (range: 3 days to 1 month post‐operatively). Adverse events related to rFVIIa were rare.ConclusionsAssessing non‐orthopaedic surgery in this patient population is hampered by a paucity of published data; nevertheless, the current evidence indicates that rFVIIa is effective in achieving haemostasis in haemophilia patients with inhibitors undergoing elective non‐orthopaedic or dental surgery. rFVIIa was generally well tolerated in these patients, with thrombotic events occurring rarely. These data, generated to help clinicians manage congenital haemophilia with inhibitors, highlight the need for more systematic reporting of rFVIIa and all other therapeutic agents in non‐orthopaedic surgery and dental surgery in patients with congenital haemophilia and inhibitors.
The shifting picture of HIV treatment, comorbidity and substance use among US MSM living with HIV
Authors: D’Souza G , Benning L , Stosor V , Witt MD , Johnson J , Friedman M , Abraham AG 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesPeople living with HIV (PLWH) have increased risk of chronic disease and poor mental health. We aimed to explore HIV disease indicators, comorbidity, and risk behavior of recent antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiators to inform current needs of PLWH.MethodsMen who have sex with men (MSM) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) who initiated ART between 2010 and 2018 (recent initiators) were compared with age‐, race‐ and geographic location‐matched men who initiated ART during 2000–2009 (early initiators). Measures of HIV disease, behavior, comorbidity and mental health were collected prospectively every 6 months using standardized forms.ResultsRecent initiators had higher current CD4 (median CD4 451 vs. 307 cells/μL, P < 0.0001) and nadir CD4 (451 vs. 300 cells/μL, P < 0.0001) than earlier initiators. The proportion achieving viral suppression within a year of starting ART was significantly higher in recent compared with earlier initiators (92% vs. 74%, P < 0.0001). Median [interquartile range (IQR)] time from HIV diagnosis to ART initiation was 5.4 (1.7–23.1) months in recent initiators. Comorbidity prevalence was high in recent initiators, including obesity (24%), hypertension (25%) and kidney disease (15%). Substance use continues to be common, including cigarette use (40%), daily alcohol use (88%) and marijuana use (46%).ConclusionsImprovements in getting individuals onto ART at an early stage have led to substantially higher CD4 cell counts at initiation. However, the high burden of comorbidity, substance use and poor mental health affecting MSM living with HIV in the US underscore ongoing challenges and our need to adapt and coordinate care.
Effects of changes in bird community composition and species abundance on plant reproduction, through pollination and seed dispersal
Authors: Anderson Sandra H. , Ladley Jenny J. , Robertson Alastair W. , Kelly Dave 
Published: March 2021

The consequences of global bird declines on ecosystem function are gaining increasing attention. Here we consider the effects of changes in bird community composition and species abundance on reproduction for two endemic plant species in New Zealand. Birds service a relatively high proportion of the New Zealand flora as both pollinators and seed dispersers, and bird losses have been extensive during the 700 years since human colonization. We compare fruit set and seed removal for plants in reserves free of introduced predators, where seven endemic flower and fruit visiting bird species were present and relatively abundant, with plants outside these reserves where endemic bird species were absent or at lower abundance. The study plants, Dysoxylum spectabile and Pittosporum crassifolium, have both flowers and fruit visited by birds. Both species are also dioecious (a characteristic that has not been commonly associated with bird‐pollinated plants) and despite having mixed pollination systems, bird visits are essential for successful seed production. Outside introduced predator‐free reserves, the winter‐flowering D. spectabile was still visited by endemic pollinators and maintained pollination levels, despite a 59% decrease in endemic bird abundance. However, reduced endemic bird abundance was associated with a halving of pollination levels in P. crassifolium, which flowers in spring, as do other native and introduced flowering plants attractive to birds. The effect of altered bird species composition and abundance on seed dispersal was associated with a 74% reduction in seed dispersal for P. crassifolium. Additionally, undispersed seeds of P. crassifolium had lower germination, and higher pre‐dispersal seed predation, compared with dispersed seeds. We stress three important aspects of these results: (1) for some plant species, the same bird species perform both pollination and seed dispersal, (2) dispersal reduces pre‐dispersal seed predation, so that dispersal failure secondarily increases losses to seed predators, and (3) the effects of mutualism loss are not even across all species. Our results highlight that introduced species do not adequately replace endemic mutualists, which may be a particular problem for plant species with both bird‐visited flowers and fruit.
Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of AlN ceramics via a chemical precipitation process
Authors: Nie Guanglin , Sheng Pengfei , Li Yehua , Zuo Fei , Bao Yiwang , Wu Shanghua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA uniform dispersion of sintering additives is crucial to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of AlN ceramics. In this study, the Y2O3‐coated AlN composite powder was successfully prepared by the chemical precipitation (CP) process, thereby improving the homogenization of Y2O3 in AlN green compacts. The precipitation coating behavior of Y2O3 precursor was investigated by FTIR and TG‐DSC, and the corresponding reaction equation was proposed. The results of TEM, XRD, and XPS for the CP processed AlN powder indicated that a uniform amorphous Y2O3 layer was fully wrapped on the surface of AlN powder. The microstructures and phases of the sintered AlN samples prepared via the CP and conventional ball‐milling (BM) processes, respectively, were compared. The CP process can result in decreasing oxygen content in AlN grains, facilitating the formation of the desirable isolated second phases, and strengthening the grain and grain boundary of AlN ceramic. As a result, the thermal conductivity, bending strength and fracture toughness of the CP processed AlN ceramic are 9.43%, 10.56%, and 18.50% higher than those of the BM processed sample, respectively, illustrating the CP process is a pretty effective way to simultaneously improve the thermal and mechanical properties of AlN ceramics.
Preparation of Al2O3@CaCO3 aggregates and its effects on the thermal shock resistance of Al2O3‐MgO castables
Authors: Qu Jiaoyang , Ding Donghai , Xiao Guoqing , Lei Changkun , Luo Jiyuan , Chen Jianjun , Zang Yunfei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAl2O3@CaCO3 aggregates were prepared by impregnating corundum aggregates (particle sizes with 3‐1 and 5‐3 mm) in precursor solutions (Calcium hydrogen citrate, CaHC6H5O7) followed by heat treatment at 430°C. The phase composition and microstructure of the coatings were characterized via X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The novel aggregates were used in Al2O3‐MgO castables. The effects of the Al2O3@CaCO3 aggregates on the physical properties and thermal shock resistance (TSR) of castables were investigated. The results show that uniform CaCO3 coating of aggregates (C15) with thickness about 10 µm can be attained when the concentration of Ca2+ in solution was 0.15 mol L−1. There was a strong bonding between the aggregates and coating that was constituted by particles with size about 0.2 µm. Both improving physical and TSR properties of the castables are related with the unique layer structure, calcium hexaluminate (CA6) layer in‐situ formed at the aggregate‐matrix interface, of added Al2O3@CaCO3 aggregates. There is a mass of multi‐deflection of cracks along with the CA6 layer which consumes more fracture surface energy. The castables with C15 exhibit optimal TSR and the residual strength ratio after the thermal shock test is 29.5%, which is 12.8% higher than the castables with corundum aggregates.
Influences of Bi0.75Y0.25O1.5 addition on the microstructure and ionic conductivity of Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9 ceramics
Authors: Liang Wenke , Meng Bin , Xiao Qingfei , Ping Xinyu , Zheng Qian , Li Chen , Xia Zhidong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA second phase of Y2O3‐stabilized Bi2O3 (Bi0.75Y0.25O1.5,YSB) is introduced into Y2O3‐doped CeO2 (Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9,YDC) as a sintering additive and the composite ceramics of YDC‐xYSB (x = 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 wt%) are prepared through sintering at 1100°C for 6 h in air atmosphere. The YDC‐xYSB ceramics are composed of both YDC and YSB with cubic fluorite structure, and no other impurity phases are detected in XRD patterns. The relative density of YDC‐xYSB rises firstly for x ≤5 wt%, and then it declines with YSB addition from 5 to 40 wt%. The average grain size of YDC decreases from 270 nm to 85.7 nm with YSB addition from 0 to 40 wt%. The YSB phase segregates at the grain boundaries of YDC based on the TEM analysis result. The ionic conductivity of YDC‐xYSB (x ≥5 wt%) is lower than that of YDC in the test temperature of 200°C–500°C, while it gradually exceeds that of YDC in 500°C–750°C. At 750°C, the conductivity of YDC‐30%YSB (6.22 × 10−2 S/cm) is 1.35 times higher than that of YDC (4.6 × 10−2 S/cm). The YSB addition can improve the ionic conductivity of YDC in 500°C–750°C and decrease its sintering temperature.
Classical CD4 T cells as the cornerstone of antimycobacterial immunity
Authors: Morgan Jeffrey , Muskat Kaylin , Tippalagama Rashmi , Sette Alessandro , Burel Julie , Lindestam Arlehamn Cecilia S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTuberculosis is a significant health problem without an effective vaccine to combat it. A thorough understanding of the immune response and correlates of protection is needed to develop a more efficient vaccine. The immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is complex and involves all aspects of the immune system, however, the optimal protective, non‐pathogenic T cell response against Mtb is still elusive. This review will focus on discussing CD4 T cell immunity against mycobacteria and its importance in Mtb infection with a primary focus on human studies. We will in particular discuss the large heterogeneity of immune cell subsets that have been revealed by recent immunological investigations at an unprecedented level of detail. These studies have identified specific classical CD4 T cell subsets important for immune responses against Mtb in various states of infection. We further discuss the functional attributes that have been linked to the various subsets such as upregulation of activation markers and cytokine production. Another important topic to be considered is the antigenic targets of Mtb‐specific immune responses, and how antigen reactivity is influenced by both disease state and environmental exposure(s). These are key points for both vaccines and immune diagnostics development. Ultimately, these factors are holistically considered in the definition and investigations of what are the correlates on protection and resolution of disease.
Optimal pricing and ordering decisions with reference effect and quick replenishment policy
Authors: Zhao Nenggui , Wang Qiang , Wu Jie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper considers a revenue management problem in which a retailer determines joint pricing and ordering decisions for a single product over a two‐period selling horizon. The goal is to investigate the single and combined influences of reference effect (RE) and quick replenishment (QR) policy on the customers' purchasing behaviors, the retailer's optimal decisions, and the total profit of two periods. We first propose a discrete‐time joint pricing and ordering model with RE and QR policy in the presence of strategic customers. Then we extend to the other two models, in which the retailer does not implement the QR policy and the retailer ignores the customers' RE, to, respectively, explore the values of RE and QR policy to the retailer. Several significant results and managerial insights are derived through theoretical analysis and numerical experiments. Implementing the QR policy could help the retailer cut nearly half of the initial order quantity and improve the profit significantly, especially when the strength of RE is large and the storage cost is high. With the QR policy, if the retailer ignores the RE that factually exists in the customers' minds, she would set lower prices, place fewer initial order quantity, and lose much profit, especially when she sells luxury products or the customers' purchasing behaviors are strongly affected by RE.
A dynamic supply chain game with vertical coordination and horizontal competition
Authors: De Giovanni Pietro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces a dynamic game modeling several interfaces between marketing and operations under vertical coordination and horizontal supply chain (SC) competition. An SC has a one‐manufacturer‐one‐retailer structure and competes against a symmetric SC. In each SC, the manufacturer decides both the production volume and the advertising efforts, while the retailer controls both the purchasing volume and the selling price. Firms within each SC can manage their business by adopting either a wholesale price contract (WPC) or a revenue‐sharing contract (RSC). In general, an SC can achieve coordination when shifting from a WPC to an RSC. Nevertheless, this is no longer true when SC competition exists. We show that an RSC is beneficial only when the rival SC uses a WPC. In fact, when both SCs adopt an RSC, the general advantages gained through coordination vanish and both SCs are operationally and economically worse off.
Growth and physiological responses of cotton plants to salt stress
Authors: Ma Yingying , Wei Zhenhua , Liu Jie , Liu Xuezhi , Liu Fulai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the growth and physiological responses cotton plants to salt stress. At seven leaf stage, cotton plants were subjected to two treatments; 0 mM NaCl as the control and 150 mM NaCl as the salt stress treatment, respectively. The effect of salt stress on leaf gas exchange rates, leaf nitrogen concentration, chlorophyll content, leaf K+ and Na+ concentrations, plant water status, endogenous phytohormone concentrations, dry matter accumulation and partitioning in plant organs was evaluated. The results showed that salt stress significantly decreased plant growth, water consumption, leaf water relations characteristics and leaf gas exchange rates as compared to the control. Under salt, photosynthetic rate was reduced to less extend than did stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate, resulting in greater intrinsic and instantaneous water use efficiencies compared to the control plants. gs decreased linearly with decreasing leaf water potential and leaf hydraulic conductance under salt. Salt‐stressed plants possessed a significant higher concentration of abscisic acid ([ABA]leaf), while a significantly lower concentrations of gibberellic acid ([GA3]leaf) and zeatin riboside ([ZR]leaf) in leaf than those grown under control. Negative linear relationships were found between gs and [ABA]leaf, ratio of [ABA]leaf to [GA3]leaf, ratio of [ABA]leaf to ([GA3]leaf+[ZR]leaf), respectively. Salt stress significantly decreased leaf K+ concentration, the ratio of K+/Na+ in leaf, shoot growth and biomass partitioning into leaf and stem, whereas increased leaf chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen concentration and biomass partitioning into boll. Although the water use efficiency of plant biomass was unaffected, the water use efficiency of boll biomass was significantly enhanced by salt stress. Collectively, salt‐induced changes in both hydraulic and chemical properties were involved in mediating the leaf gas exchange response to salt stress, and the enhanced leaf nitrogen concentration and biomass partitioning into boll may lead to a sustained yield with less water consumption in cotton plants grown under moderate salinity stress.
FGF19 protects skeletal muscle against obesity‐induced muscle atrophy, metabolic derangement and abnormal irisin levels via the AMPK/SIRT‐1/PGC‐α pathway
Authors: Guo Ai , Li Kai , Tian Hong‐Chuan , Fan Zhen , Chen Qiu‐Nan , Yang Yun‐Fei , Yu Jing , Wu Yong‐Xin , Xiao Qian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObesity is associated with biological dysfunction in skeletal muscle. As a condition of obesity accompanied by muscle mass loss and physical dysfunction, sarcopenic obesity (SO) has become a novel public health problem. Human fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) plays a therapeutic role in metabolic diseases. However, the protective effects of FGF19 on skeletal muscle in obesity and SO are still not completely understood. Our results showed that FGF19 administration improved muscle loss and grip strength in young and aged mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD). Increases in muscle atrophy markers (FOXO‐3, Atrogin‐1, MuRF‐1) were abrogated by FGF19 in palmitic acid (PA)‐treated C2C12 myotubes and in the skeletal muscle of HFD‐fed mice. FGF19 not only reduced HFD‐induced body weight gain, excessive lipid accumulation and hyperlipidaemia but also promoted energy expenditure (PGC‐1α, UCP‐1, PPAR‐γ) in brown adipose tissue (BAT). FGF19 treatment restored PA‐ and HFD‐induced hyperglycaemia, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance (IRS‐1, GLUT‐4) and mitigated the PA‐ and HFD‐induced decrease in FNDC‐5/irisin expression. However, these beneficial effects of FGF19 on skeletal muscle were abolished by inhibiting AMPK, SIRT‐1 and PGC‐1α expression. Taken together, this study suggests that FGF19 protects skeletal muscle against obesity‐induced muscle atrophy, metabolic derangement and abnormal irisin secretion partially through the AMPK/SIRT‐1/PGC‐α signalling pathway, which might be a potential therapeutic target for obesity and SO.
Politicization of EU Development Policy: The Role of EU External Perceptions (Case of Ukraine)
Authors: Chaban Natalia , Elgström Ole 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article highlights the role of external audiences and their perceptions in analysing the politicization of EU development policy. We analyse how EU foreign assistance is understood in two different intermediary arenas of politicization – elites in different societal sectors and media – within Ukraine, a major recipient of EU aid. By investigating to what extent EU assistance is perceived to be politicized, in terms of salience and polarization we contribute to the debate on outside‐in politicization. Applying a perceptual approach to EU foreign policy studies, we focus on Ukrainian images of Self in its relation to the EU as a development actor and on Ukraine's evaluations of EU assistance. We consult the theory of framing and propose an operationalization of salience in terms of visibility, cultural congruence and emotive charge. We use the typology of cognitive, evaluative and affective images from political psychology to operationalize the notion of polarization.
The Politicization of the Migration–Development Nexus: Parliamentary Discourse on the European Union Trust Fund on Migration
Authors: Lauwers Nathan , Orbie Jan , Delputte Sarah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe European Union's development policy has become increasingly intertwined with other policy fields, which erodes the objectives of this policy domain in their own right. We specifically look at the linkages with migration policy, which has been a highly politicized EU policy domain. This article assesses the EU migration–development discursive linkages by addressing two related questions: how and to what extent has this nexus been politicized in Europe? We focus on two dimensions of politicization, namely salience and the polarization of opinions within the context of national parliaments. Through a conceptualization of argumentation lines this article sheds light on how the nexus has been translated into political communication by political actors. We conclude that there are varying, often opposing, argumentation lines on how the migration–development nexus is conceived – that are more complex than the distinction between ‘preventive’ and ‘restrictive’ approaches as identified in the literature on EU external migration policy.
Correlation between dental plaque accumulation and gingival health in periodontal maintenance patients using short or extended personal oral hygiene intervals
Authors: Reiniger Ana P. P. , Maier Juliana , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. , Moreira Carlos H. C. , Kantorski Karla Z. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the correlation between bacterial dental plaque accumulation and gingival health in subjects with history of periodontitis attending a maintenance programme including personal oral hygiene measures (pOH) at short and extended intervals. This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.Materials and MethodsForty‐two subjects were randomized into groups performing pOH at 12‐, 24‐ or 48‐h intervals. The Plaque Index (PlI), Gingival Index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BoP) were recorded at baseline, 30 and 90 days. For the analysis, pOH groups were collapsed into subjects performing pOH at daily (G12/24) or extended (G48) intervals. Summary statistics and Spearman correlations between plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation are presented.ResultsG12/24 and G48 subjects showed significant increases in plaque scores and percentage sites with gingival inflammation over the course of study. At 90 days, G48 subjects showed significantly greater GI and BoP scores than G12/24 subjects. While PlI/GI correlations were not affected by pOH interval, PlI/BoP correlations remained unchanged with short to increase with extended pOH intervals.ConclusionpOH interval influences the correlation between bacterial dental plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. Subjects using extended pOH intervals exhibit an increased correlation allowing accumulation of bacterial dental plaque to the detriment of gingival health. (ClinicalTrials.gov: 50208115.9.0000.5346).Clinical Trials: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02684682.