bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of ED design layout during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Douillet Delphine , Saloux Thomas , Ravon Pauline , Morin François , Moumneh Thomas , Carneiro Bruno , Roy Pierre Marie , Savary Dominique 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe aim was to describe the organisational changes in French EDs in response to the COVID-19 pandemic with regard to architectural constraints and compare with the recommendations of the various bodies concerning the structural adjustments to be made in this context.MethodsAs part of this cross-sectional study, all heads of emergency services or their deputies were contacted to complete an electronic survey. This was a standardised online questionnaire consisting of four parts: characteristics of the responding centre, creation of the COVID-19 zone and activation of the hospital’s emergency operations plan, flow and circulation of patients and, finally, staff management. Each centre was classified according to its workload related to COVID-19 and its size (university hospital centre, high-capacity hospital centre and low-capacity hospital centre). The main endpoint was the frequency of implementation of international guidelines for ED organisation.ResultsBetween 11 May and 20 June 2020, 57 French EDs completed the online questionnaire and were included in the analysis. Twenty-eight EDs were able to separate patient flows into two zones: high and low viral density (n=28/57, 49.1%). Of the centres included, 52.6% set up a specific triage area for patients with suspected COVID-19 (n=30/57). Whereas, in 15 of the EDs (26.3%), the architecture made it impossible to increase the surface area of the ED.ConclusionAll EDs have adapted, but many of the changes recommended for the organisation of ED could not be implemented. ED architecture constrains adaptive capacities in the context of COVID-19.
Effect of X-ray and artificial aging on parchment
Authors: Vadrucci Monia , Cicero Cristina , Mazzuca Claudia , Mercuri Fulvio , Missori Mauro , Orazi Noemi , Severini Leonardo , Zammit Ugo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, the employment of the X-ray irradiation as bioremediation method to treat parchment has been deeply investigated. In particular, the effect of the irradiation doses on the structural stability of collagen, the main constituent of parchment, has been evaluated on a series of modern parchment samples by means of different opto-thermal and spectroscopic techniques in order to obtain the dose-dependent effect of irradiation on collagen. Moreover, the long-term behavior of the irradiated parchment has been considered by analyzing the same series of samples after being hygrothermally artificially aged. Characterizations by light transmission analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the ultraviolet–visible–near infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) reflectance one have been performed for the identification of the radio-induced effect on the parchment structure even in a dose range much wider than the need for sterilization. The obtained results have proved the safeness of the method in the short and long term confirming the applicability of this emerging procedure.
A Compact High-Performance 10-bit 30-Channel OLED Driver Using Switched Capacitor Circuit for High-Linearity Application
Authors: Agarwal Neeru , Agarwal Neeraj , Lu Chih-Wen 
Published: August 2021

This work proposes a new OLED driver architecture with 10-bit segmented DAC and switched capacitor multiply-by-two circuit application. A 30-channel 10-bit switched capacitor driver chip prototype is implemented in 0.18-[Formula: see text]m CMOS technology. In this architecture, the achieved output range is 1.5–4.8[Formula: see text]V for an input range of 1.5–3.15[Formula: see text]V, which is suitable for OLED driver with different colors. This architecture is not only converting the digital input signal to analog output for the display panel but also giving amplified high output voltage range. In the segmented DAC, 6-bit coarse DAC and 4-bit fine DAC are used for the input voltage range 1.5–3.15[Formula: see text]V. In a conventional RDAC for the output voltage of 4.8[Formula: see text]V, it requires 2[Formula: see text] switches i.e., 14-bit RDAC for the same resolution. Hence, conventional RDAC driver is four times larger than the proposed innovative very compact and high speed 10-bit segmented DAC switched capacitor OLED driver. The new architecture drastically reduces the number of switches and complex metal routing which results in reduced power consumption and good settling time. In the proposed OLED driver, no extra buffer is required as switched capacitor op-amp is applied for the same purpose with a gain of more than one. This high-resolution design with small die area also improves the linearity and uniformity with low-power consumption. The post-simulated results show that the OLED driver exhibits the maximum DNL and INL of 0.03 LSB and [Formula: see text]0.06 LSB, respectively, with an LSB voltage of 3[Formula: see text]mV. The one-channel area is 0.586[Formula: see text]mm [Formula: see text] 0.017[Formula: see text]mm and the settling time is 4.25[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s for 30[Formula: see text]k[Formula: see text] and 30[Formula: see text]pF driving load.
Effect of Glass Fiber Post Surface Treatment on Bond Strength of a Self-Adhesive Resin Cement: An “In Vitro” Study
Authors: Santos Lairds Rodrigues dos , Lima Darlon Martins , Carvalho Edilausson Moreno , Rodrigues Vandilson Pinheiro , Alves Claudia Maria Coelho 
Published: August 2021

Objective. This study evaluated the influence of different mechanical and chemical surface treatments alone and combined with silane on the bond strength (BS) of glass fiber posts (GFPs) using self-adhesive resin cement. Methods. Eighty-four single-rooted bovine teeth (six groups, n = 14) were submitted to BS analysis after GFP cementation. The treatments applied in the studied groups were no surface treatment (control), silane (S), 24% hydrogen peroxide (PER), 24% hydrogen peroxide and silane (PER + SIL), blasting with 50 μm aluminum oxide particles (BLAST), and blasting with 50 μm aluminum oxide particles and silane (BLAST + SIL). Results. BS differed significantly among groups (

p

< 0.001). It was higher in the SIL (10.5 ± 3.5 MPa), BLAST + SIL (11.5 ± 3.2 MPa), and PER + SIL (11.6 ± 4.6 MPa) groups than in the control (6.5 ± 2.9 MPa), BLAST (8.6 ± 4.0 MPa), and PER (7.1 ± 2.8 MPa) groups, with no significant difference among groups receiving silanization. Cement post adhesive failure was more common in the SIL, BLAST, and PER + SIL groups, and cement-dentin adhesive failure was more common in the control, BLAST + SIL, and PER groups. Conclusion. These results show that silane application alone increases BS.
Genetic and Transcriptional Contributions to Relapse in Normal Karyotype Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Petti Allegra A. , Khan Saad M. , Xu Ziheng , Helton Nichole , Fronick Catrina C. , Fulton Robert , Ramakrishnan Sai M. , Nonavinkere Srivatsan Sridhar , Heath Sharon E. , Westervelt Peter , Payton Jacqueline E. , Walter Matthew J. , Link Daniel C. , DiPersio John , Miller Christopher , Ley Timothy J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

To better understand clonal and transcriptional adaptations after relapse in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we collected presentation and relapse samples from six normal karyotype AML cases. We performed enhanced whole-genome sequencing to characterize clonal evolution, and deep-coverage single-cell RNA sequencing on the same samples, which yielded 142,642 high-quality cells for analysis. Identifying expressed mutations in individual cells enabled us to discriminate between normal and AML cells, to identify coordinated changes in the genome and transcriptome, and to identify subclone-specific cell states. We quantified the coevolution of genetic and transcriptional heterogeneity during AML progression, and found that transcriptional changes were significantly correlated with genetic changes. However, transcriptional adaptation sometimes occurred independently, suggesting that clonal evolution does not represent all relevant biological changes. In three cases, we identified cells at diagnosis that likely seeded the relapse. Finally, these data revealed a conserved relapse-enriched leukemic cell state bearing markers of stemness, quiescence, and adhesion.

Significance:
These data enabled us to identify a relapse-enriched leukemic cell state with distinct transcriptional properties. Detailed case-by-case analyses elucidated the complex ways in which the AML genome, transcriptome, and immune microenvironment interact to evade chemotherapy. These analyses provide a blueprint for evaluating these factors in larger cohorts.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Transformative Child Rights Advocacy: An Ergonomic Conceptual Framework
Authors: Chibwana Musavengana 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a practical transformative child rights advocacy conceptual framework that is anchored to the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child for normative guidance. The paper is premised on the understanding that the fulfilment of all rights for children requires a strong accountability mechanism, hence the need for an easy-to-use conceptual framework. The paper highlights tenets that will make an advocacy initiative to be transformative. To achieve the aspiration of a practical, transformative and rich conceptual framework, the paper draws from the structure-process-outcomes paradigm work of Avedis Donabedian on quality assessment. The framework provides a practical format for policy makers, practitioners and rights holders to hold the duty bearers to account.
Vulnerability and the Best Interests of the Child in Tobacco Control
Authors: Gispen Marie Elske C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The vulnerability of individuals is often used as a springboard to call upon additional rights protection or to scale up interventions. This is also the case in child health and tobacco control research. While human rights law is generally a strong mechanism to support such calls, critics like Martha Fineman question specific understandings of vulnerability within human rights law. Against this backdrop, the article analyses the usefulness of relying on vulnerability in human rights law to argue for better rights protection. The article concludes that Article 3 crc – reflecting the best interests of the child norm – seems a suitable “solution” to Fineman’s critique on the notion of vulnerability in human rights law. Finally, the universal and particular vulnerabilities of children in relation to tobacco-related harm can be a springboard into rights protection but are not the principle legal source that require governments to break down structural health inequalities.
Responding to Epistemic Injustice against Child Soldiers
Authors: Kiyala Jean Chrysostome K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This empirical study examines the impact of epistemic injustice on child soldiers while exploring the potential of the Baraza structure – a local jurisprudence in the Democratic Republic of Congo – to pursue the “the best interests of the child” principle, particularly in the process of holding young soldiers accountable. Epistemic injustice, conceptually developed by Miranda Fricker, consists of “testimonial injustice”, when the hearer gives a deflated level of credibility to a speaker’s word due to prejudice; “hermeneutical injustice”, which takes place when a structural breach in collective interpretive imagination resources unfairly disadvantages a person or social group when trying to render intelligible their social experiences; and “distributive epistemic injustice”, which happens when “epistemic goods” (education and information) are inequitably distributed. The research outcomes suggest that Baraza jurisprudence has the potential to avert epistemic injustice, and to promote a non-discriminatory treatment of accused former child and adolescent soldiers.
Child Participation in Estonian and Finnish Child Welfare Removals – Professionals’ Perceptions and Practices
Authors: Toivonen Virve , Muhonen Jatta , Kalliomaa-Puha Laura , Luhamaa Katre , Strömpl Judit 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A child’s right to participate is one of the general principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (crc). It is an integral part of a child’s right to have his/her best interest taken into account as a primary consideration. Therefore, it is indispensable in the decision-making connected with child welfare removals, the effects of which on the child’s life are long lasting and profound. In this article we examine the perceptions and practices of child-welfare professionals in the context of children’s rights, especially participation rights, in two neighbouring countries: Finland and Estonia. The findings are based on a survey and suggest that in the context of children’s rights, legislation also has its role in making children’s rights a reality, both as a prerequisite for reform as well as in shaping attitudes. However, legal regulation is not enough – full realisation also reguires more information, education and resources.
Ottoman History and the Islamic-Ottoman Cultural Legacy in Bosnia in the First Edition of the Encyclopaedia of Yugoslavia (1950–1971)
Authors: Mujadžević Dino 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The article analyses how the first edition of the Encyclopedia of Yugoslavia (1955–1971) treated the Ottoman history and Islamo-Ottoman cultural legacy. The article is based on encyclopedic articles, documents related to the editing and writing of the encyclopedia and marginalia written by the editor-in-chief of the project. The first edition of the EJ was affected – albeit inconsistently – by the officially sanctioned anti-Ottoman discourse that presented this era as the time of oppression and backwardness. The Ottoman history in Bosnia was seen as an important topic and it was given a large space. In contrast to the articles on ideologically important topics, a large portion of articles on Ottoman history was written in a neutral manner. The Islamo-Ottoman contributions to Bosnian cultural legacy were marginalized as part of the deliberate editorial policy. This policy changed only in the last, 8th, volume reflecting political changes in the country.
Revisiting the taxonomy of Geranium kishtvariense (Geraniaceae) &amp; notes on neotypification
Authors: HURRAH IMTIYAZ AHMAD , WAGH VIJAY VISHNU 
Published: August 2021

The confusing delineation of G. kishtvariense from its close kins is discussed here. Detailed notes on updated taxonomy, important distinguishing characters, distribution, conservation status as well as field and microscopic photographs are also provided. Additionally, a neotype for this name has also been designated here.
COVID-19 and mental health: Anxiety disorders among immigrants due to COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea
Authors: Acharya Shiva Raj , Moon Deog Hwan , Chun Jin Ho , Shin Yong Chul 
Published: August 2021

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various facets of health. While mental health became a major concern during the COVID-19 outbreak, the impact on the migrants’ mental health has still been neglected. The purpose of this study was to examine the COVID-19 outbreak's impact on the mental health of immigrants in South Korea. Methods A total number of 386 immigrants in South Korea participated in this quantitative cross-sectional study. The standardized e-questionnaire, including the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, was used to measure the anxiety level. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the determinants of anxiety disorders among immigrants. Results The prevalence of severe anxiety among immigrants was found to be 47.2%. Female immigrants (28.6%) had a lower anxiety disorder than males (71.4%). Immigrants who were married, living alone, had a low income, had a history of health problems were suffered from moderate to severe anxiety. Immigrants who were unemployed (OR 2.302, 95% CI = 1.353–3.917) and lost their jobs due to the COVID-19 outbreak (OR 2.197, 95% CI = 1.312–3.678) have a higher anxiety disorder. Immigrants aged over 30 years were found to suffer from a high level of anxiety (OR 2.285, 95% CI = 1.184–4.410). Relief support from the government was significantly associated with anxiety disorder among immigrants (p < 0.01, OR = 3.151, 95% CI = 1.962–5.061). Conclusion With very limited studies on immigrants’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper provides scientific research evidence of the COVID-19 outbreak's impact on the mental health of migrants. Our study has consequences for implementing integrated psychological interventions and health promotion strategies for the well-being of immigrants’ mental health.
Future-Proofing Geriatric Mental Health Care Services in India: Training and Policy Directions
Authors: Philip Sharad , Gajera Gopi , Nirisha P Lakshmi , Sivakumar Palanimuthu Thangaraju , Barikar Malathesh C. , Panday Praveen , Patley Rahul , Chander Rakesh , Sinha Preeti , Basavarajappa Chethan , Manjunatha Narayana , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Math Suresh Bada 
Published: August 2021

Background: A burgeoning rise in the elderly subpopulation is being noted in India. This rise has already earned the designation as a shining nation by the United Nations/World Health Organization. This growth will take the elderly subpopulation to 324 million persons above 60 years by 2050. The mental health needs of this subpopulation are varied and nuanced compared to that of the general population. The risk and prevalence of mental health morbidity are also greater. There is an urgent need to gear up the health care systems. Considerations: Various aspects of the ongoing demographic transitions are considered alongside available health information. Legislative mandates and laws are also reviewed to provide context to qualify the action points and recommendations.  Recommendations, India must act urgently to strengthen health care delivery systems in a concurrent multipronged approach. These efforts should focus on developing trained Human Resources and adequate infrastructural resources. Review mechanisms to inform on required updates on best practices and evidence-based medicine must also be incorporated and developed to perform periodically.
Changes in mortality patterns and place of death during the COVID-19 pandemic: A descriptive analysis of mortality data across four nations
Authors: O’Donnell Sean B , Bone Anna E , Finucane Anne M , McAleese Jenny , Higginson Irene J , Barclay Stephen , Sleeman Katherine E , Murtagh Fliss EM 
Published: August 2021

Background: Understanding patterns of mortality and place of death during the COVID-19 pandemic is important to help provide appropriate services and resources. Aims: To analyse patterns of mortality including place of death in the United Kingdom (UK) (England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland) during the COVID-19 pandemic to date. Design: Descriptive analysis of UK mortality data between March 2020 and March 2021. Weekly number of deaths was described by place of death, using the following definitions: (1) expected deaths: average expected deaths estimated using historical data (2015–19); (2) COVID-19 deaths: where COVID-19 is mentioned on the death certificate; (3) additional non-COVID-19 deaths: above expected but not attributed to COVID-19; (4) baseline deaths: up to and including expected deaths but excluding COVID-19 deaths. Results: During the analysis period, 798,643 deaths were registered in the UK, of which 147,282 were COVID-19 deaths and 17,672 were additional non-COVID-19 deaths. While numbers of people who died in care homes and hospitals increased above expected only during the pandemic waves, the numbers of people who died at home remained above expected both during and between the pandemic waves, with an overall increase of 41%. Conclusions: Where people died changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an increase in deaths at home during and between pandemic waves. This has implications for planning and organisation of palliative care and community services. The extent to which these changes will persist longer term remains unclear. Further research could investigate whether this is reflected in other countries with high COVID-19 mortality.
Diagnosis Disclosure Preferences of Cancer Patients in Egypt: A Multi-Institutional Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Abdel-hafeez Ahmed , Abdel-Aziz Hadeer I. , Hassan Ahmad , Farag Dina E. , El-Sherief Wessam A. , Abdel-Aal Hesham H. , Alsirafy Samy A. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Although diagnosis disclosure to cancer patients has important roles in cancer care, it is not a routine practice in countries like Egypt. Respecting patients’ autonomy and responding to their preferences are among the factors that should guide the practice of cancer diagnosis disclosure. Objectives: To assess the preferences of Egyptian cancer patients regarding the disclosure of cancer diagnosis and to determine factors that may affect their preferences. Methods: The study included 295 patients aware of their cancer diagnosis from 3 cancer care facilities in Egypt. Patients were asked if they would have preferred to be informed of the diagnosis or not, whom they would have preferred to receive the diagnosis information from, and if they would have preferred to tell their families or not. Results: The vast majority (91%) of the included patients preferred to be informed about their diagnosis, 59% preferred to disclose the diagnosis to their families and 66% preferred to receive the diagnosis information from a physician. In univariate analysis, male gender, higher education level and employment were significantly associated with the preference for disclosure. None of the studied variables associated significantly with the preferences in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The majority of Egyptian cancer patients in our study preferred to be informed about their diagnosis, which should be respected. The results may help in changing the diagnosis disclosure practice of health care professionals and refuting the misconception of family caregivers about cancer diagnosis disclosure in Egypt and countries with similar culture.
What do specialist mental health professionals think of the mental health services for people with intellectual disabilities in Singapore?
Authors: Ee Jonathan , Kroese Biza Stenfert , Lim Jan Mei , Rose John 
Published: August 2021

Background: This research aimed to investigate the views and experiences of specialist mental health professionals working with adults with intellectual disabilities and mental health problems in Singapore in order to gain insight into the functioning of the local specialist intellectual disability mental health service and how it may be improved. Methods: Eight staff members from specialist service were interviewed. The transcriptions of the interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Analysis revealed four themes (1) Identifying their roles; (2) Ensuring continuity of care; (3) Disempowerment of service users and (4) Improving clinical practice. Conclusions: Participants identified the challenges they faced working with this population. They highlighted the importance of building therapeutic relationships during the treatment process and discussed the stigma that people with intellectual disabilities face in the community. Recommendations and implications are discussed in relation to service provision, improving staff knowledge and recruiting more staff to work in this field.