bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracranial 131I-chTNT Brachytherapy in Patients with Deep-Seated Glioma: A Single-center Experience with 10-Year Follow-up from China
Authors: Zhao Ming , Fu Xiangping , Zhang Zhiwen , Li Anmin , Wang Xiaopeng , Li Xuexiu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective The intracranial brachytherapy has been applied for decades, however, no results with long-term follow-up have been reported. This study investigated the long-term efficiency of intra-tumoral injection of 131I-chTNT in patients with deep-seated glioma.
Method Thirty-five patients undergoing 131I-chTNT brachytherapy between December 2004 and May 2009 were enrolled. 131I-chTNT was injected at a dose of 1.5 mCi/cm3 at an interval of 1 month for consecutive 3 times. Serial ECT scan and MRI were performed during follow-up. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Adverse reactions were graded with WHO Toxicity Grading Scale for determining the severity of adverse events.
Results ECT scan showed that enhanced accumulation of radioactive agents in the tumor lasted for more than 30 days. Three months after final injection, tumor complete remission (CR) was observed in 4 patients (11.4 %), partial remission (PR) in 11 cases (31.4 %), stable disease (SD) in 10 cases (28.6 %) and progressive disease (PD) in 10 cases (28.6 %). At 6-month, CR, PR, SD and PD were 2, 6, 12 and 15 respectively. After 10 years of follow-up, median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 5.4 and 11.4 months. One-year survival was 45.7 %, two and five-year survival was 8.6 %, ten-year survival was 5.7 %. Multivariate analysis showed that pathological grade and tumor diameter were independent prognostic factors for PFS and OS. Grade I–II adverse events occurred after drug injection, including nausea, fever, headache, hairloss and fatigue.
Conclusion 131I-chTNT intracranial brachytherapy is efficient and safe for patients with deep-seated glioma. It is a reliable option for inoperable glioma patients.
Inference of dynamic systems from noisy and sparse data via manifold-constrained Gaussian processes
Authors: Yang Shihao , Wong Samuel W. K. , Kou S. C. 
Published: April 2021

SignificanceOrdinary differential equations are a ubiquitous tool for modeling behaviors in science, such as gene regulation, biological rhythms, epidemics, and ecology. An important problem is to infer and characterize the uncertainty of parameters that govern equations. We present an accurate and fast inference method using manifold-constrained Gaussian processes, such that derivatives of the Gaussian process must satisfy the dynamics of the differential equations. Our method completely avoids the use of numerical integration and is thus fast to compute. Our construction is embedded in a principled statistical framework and is demonstrated to yield fast and reliable inference in a variety of practical problems. Our method works even when some system components are unobserved, which is a significant challenge for previous methods.
Growth, death, and resource competition in sessile organisms
Authors: Lee Edward D. , Kempes Christopher P. , West Geoffrey B. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Although termite mounds stand out as an example of remarkably regular patterns emerging over long times from local interactions, ecological spatial patterns range from regular to random, and temporal patterns range from transient to stable. We propose a minimal quantitative framework to unify this variety by accounting for how quickly sessile organisms grow and die mediated by competition for fluctuating resources. Building on metabolic scaling theory for forests, we reproduce a wide range of spatial patterns and predict transient features such as population shock waves that align with observations. By connecting diverse ecological dynamics, our work will help apply lessons from model systems more broadly (e.g., by leveraging remote mapping to infer local ecological conditions).
Time–connectivity superposition and the gel/glass duality of weak colloidal gels
Authors: Keshavarz Bavand , Rodrigues Donatien Gomes , Champenois Jean-Baptiste , Frith Matthew G. , Ilavsky Jan , Geri Michela , Divoux Thibaut , McKinley Gareth H. , Poulesquen Arnaud 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Quantifying the viscoelastic properties of weak colloidal gels remains challenging due to the continuously aging nature of these pasty materials. Through time-resolved mechanical and structural spectroscopy and application of the time–connectivity superposition principle we construct the viscoelastic moduli of these gels over eight decades of effective material time. This protocol reveals the dual nature of the relaxation time spectrum with gel- and glass-like characteristics at large and small scales, respectively. The structure of the network at the critical gel point sets the underlying shape of the relaxation spectrum, which the aging material retains as a fixed skeleton. The observed nonergodic behavior suggests that the local arrest of clusters initiates from small scales and continuously evolves toward larger ones.
Addressing partial identification in climate modeling and policy analysis
Authors: Manski Charles F. , Sanstad Alan H. , DeCanio Stephen J. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Incomplete scientific understanding of the climate and challenges in numerical computation have resulted in numerous climate simulation models being developed and used to generate ensembles, or sets, of climate projections as functions of single greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions scenarios. We propose a “deep uncertainty” approach to framing and analyzing these ensemble model outputs that allows their use in climate-related decision-making without reliance on problematic model weighting schemes. We provide a theoretical framework and an illustrative numerical model to show how single, nearly optimal decisions can be made regarding GHG abatement without requiring single, average climate model projections.
Carposina sasakii (peach fruit moth).
Authors: Toyoshima Shingo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

C. sasakii is a pest of rosaceous fruits in eastern Asia, and does not spread easily to the non-native areas and countries. C. sasakii has the potential to fly long distances, but usually flies only within and between canopies of fruit trees. Aerial dispersal to non-native areas has not been recorded. International trade of rosaceous fruits is a possible cause of spread of C. sasakii, but it is difficult for it to enter non-native countries under quarantine inspection. Even if C. sasakii enters non-native countries by international trade, it is not easy to establish a population, probably because the larvae in fruits cannot find a cocooning site near rosaceous plants after escaping from the fruits. However, C. sasakii has a strong impact on the management of rosaceous fruit orchards once a population is established. Damage to fruits can reach 100% in some cases in pears [Pyrus spp.] and 40-100% in apples [Malus spp.] if not controlled.
Quantum signatures from Hoava–Lifshitz cosmography
Authors: Escamilla-Rivera Celia , Quevedo Hernando 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper we propose an alternative cosmography by considering Hořava–Lifshitz gravity as a model of quantum gravity (QG) to search for quantum effects at the cosmological level. For our analyses we consider current late Universe surveys and a gravitational waves forecast from Einstein telescope. We found naturally a non-flat scenario with

Ω

k

=
−
0.02

1

−
0.029

+
0.023

with

H

0

=
71.90

4

−
1.347

+
1.406

, without showing the standard reported 3.4-σ inconsistency. Furthermore, we obtained a specific value for the Hořava parameter ω ≈ −3.8 × 10−14, which can be interpreted as a measure of a quantum effect and could be used to further test this QG model. We conclude that classically, according to the ΛCDM model, our Universe seems to be spatially flat, but in fact, it is curved from a quantum point of view.
Non-intrusive DC voltage measurement based on resonant electric field microsensors
Authors: Yang Pengfei , Wen Xiaolong , Chu Zhaozhi , Ni Xiaoming , Peng Chunrong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Based on the resonant electric field microsensors with coplanar electrodes, a novel non-intrusive measurement scheme of DC power-line voltage suitable for actual product is presented in this paper. Compared with using microsensors directly without some protection, employing the proposed scheme can avoid the influence of humidity and electromagnetic disturbance on non-contact voltage measurement. A theoretical model is developed to analyze the influence of the structural parameters of the proposed measurement scheme on its sensitivity and to predict the voltage response. Furthermore, the theoretical analysis reveals that the proposed scheme obtains the DC power-line voltage non-intrusively by measuring the voltage of a floating electrode. A prototype of the non-intrusive measurement apparatus of DC power-line voltage has been developed, calibrated, and tested. The prototype shows a favorable linear response characteristic with a linearity of 0.86%. And the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical results. The maximum relative deviation noticed is −2.16% over a range of voltages from −1000 V to 1000 V.
The negative fixed charge of atomic layer deposited aluminium oxide—a two-dimensional SiO2/AlO
x
interface effect
Authors: Hiller Daniel , Tröger David , Grube Matthias , König Dirk , Mikolajick Thomas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The origin of the commonly observed negative fixed charge density (Q
fix) in atomic layer deposited (ALD-)aluminium oxide is still a matter of debate despite its widespread applications in (opto-)electronics, particularly in silicon photovoltaics. Q
fix plays a crucial role for excellent Si surface passivation, which is mandatory for high efficiency solar cells. Often, Q
fix is believed to originate from structural or compositional specifics of the first few nanometres of ALD-AlO
x
adjacent to the Si-interface. Here, we demonstrate that the negative Q
fix is solely an interfacial effect of ALD-AlO
x
and the SiO2 ultra-thin film that grows inevitably during ALD on Si. Furthermore, it is proven that a second Q
fix-layer exists at the upper AlO
x
/SiO2 interface of SiO2/AlO
x
/SiO2-stacks, which can carry up to a quarter of the total Q
fix. We show that both SiO2/AlO
x
interfaces can be separated by a charge-lean material such as HfO2 (rather than AlO
x
) without significant impact on the measured Q
fix. This renders the location of Q
fix exactly at the two-dimensional interface of SiO2 and AlO
x
, rather than in the near-interfacial AlO
x
volume. The origin of Q
fix is discussed in detail. The possibility to obtain very high charge densities of around −5 × 1012 cm−2 by sub-nm thick ALD-AlO
x
enables advanced applications such as passivating hole-selective contacts for Si solar cells or nanoelectronic Si-doping strategies via Al-induced SiO2 modulation doping.
Insight into the effect of He atmospheric pressure plasma jets on low-density polyethylene surfaces by fixed-point treatment
Authors: Li Guo-Qiang , Chen Xi , Zhu Yan-Rong , Guo Hong-Lin , Zhao Ni , Chang Zheng-Shi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to further investigate the modification effect of atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJ) on the surface of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film and related mechanisms, a series of experiments and simulations were carried out in this paper. A laminar helium flow with a flow rate of 6.0 standard liters per minute was used as a working gas and a homogeneous glow-like He APPJ was generated by an AC voltage with a peak-to-peak voltage of 10.1 kV and a frequency of 20 kHz. After 15 min He APPJ treatment at a fixed point on the film, the surface properties at different radial positions from this point were analyzed. This study was performed using water contact angle (WCA) measurement, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results of WCA and surface free energy (SFE) indicate that the modification effect range is larger than APPJ’s spread range on the surface. Along the radial direction, the surface properties did not change monotonously but had extreme points: the change of the surface morphology was first etching and then deposition; APPJ incorporated oxygen containing functional groups including C–O, C=O/O–C–O and O–C=O into the LDPE surface, and their distributions on the surface were different. To explore what caused the difference, quantum chemical simulation analysis by ORCA software was used to explain the relationship between the change of surface energy and oxygen-containing functional groups. The simulation showed that C–O has more influence on the SFE of the LDPE surface.
Interaction of size-selected Ag-clusters on Au-thin films: a composition study with in-situ XPS analysis at an elevated temperature
Authors: Barman Pintu , Deka Anindita , Bhattacharyya Satyaranjan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we describe a novel method of synthesis of bimetallic Ag–Au alloy nanoparticles with an estimated Ag to Au concentration ratio of ∼3:1 by using a gas-aggregation cluster source. The real time chemical changes occurred on the surface of the alloy film during different stages of annealing at an elevated temperature are observed byin-situx-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. It is found that the concentration of both Ag and Au of the alloy film simultaneously decreases with the increase of the annealing time. The chemical states of the elements present on the surface are analyzed from the HR-XPS data, which are recorded for the dominant elements present on the surface. From the analyses, it is found that a small part of metallic Ag gets oxidized for higher annealing time whereas no trace of oxidation of Au is observed. The surface morphology of the as-deposited and post-annealed alloy films are characterised by FESEM and AFM measurements. Due to thermal diffusion of Ag and Au, resultant narrow size distributions of the bimetallic Ag–Au nanoparticles are observed on the surface. The film morphologies suggest that the evolutions of bimetallic Ag–Au nanoparticles are nearly spherical in shape with an average aspect ratio value of ∼1.5.
Facilely constructed randomly distributed surface microstructure for flexible strain sensor with high sensitivity and low detection limit
Authors: Huang Qi , Jiang Yadong , Duan Zaihua , Yuan Zhen , Liu Bohao , Zhao Qiuni , Zhang Yajie , Sun Yupeng , Sun Ping , Tai Huiling 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The epidermis and dermis of human skin have randomly distributed microstructures, so we can sense external stimuli with high sensitivity and a low detection limit. Herein, a biomimetic microstructure sensor was fabricated using sandpaper as a template. The finite element simulation results show that the strain sensing property of the sensor can be improved by introducing a biomimetic microstructure, which is consistent with the experimental results. The gauge factor of the microstructure sensor (20.64) is 4.81 times that of the planar structure sensor (4.29) in the linear strain range from 0.1% to 1.0%. The microstructure sensor has a very low detection limit (0.1% strain), fast response (53.6 ms), and good cycling durability (3000 cycles). In addition, the microstructure sensor can achieve real-time monitoring of human motion and physiological signals, such as finger bending, knee bending, and breathing frequency. The proposed microstructure sensor is expected to have broad application prospects in motion monitoring and health-care fields.
Real-space imaging of magnetic phase transformation in single crystalline Sm–Ca–Sr based manganite compound
Authors: Mazumdar Dipak , Rawat Rajeev , Banik Sanjib , Das Kalipada , Das I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Low-temperature-high-magnetic field magnetic force microscopy studies on colossal magnetoresistance material Sm0.5Ca0.25Sr0.25MnO3 have been carried out. These measurements provide real-space visualization of antiferromagnetic–ferromagnetic (AFM–FM) transition on sub-micron length scale and explain the presence of AFM–FM transition in the temperature-dependent magnetization measurements, but the absence of corresponding metal–insulator transition in temperature-dependent resistivity measurements at the low magnetic field. Distribution of transition temperature over the scanned area indicates towards the quench disorder broadening of the first-order magnetic phase transition. It shows that the length scale of chemical inhomogeneity extends over several micrometers.
Magneto-optical effects in hyperbolic metamaterials based on ordered arrays of bisegmented gold/nickel nanorods
Authors: Malysheva Irina V , Kolmychek Irina A , Romashkina Anastasia M , Leontiev Alexey P , Napolskii Kirill S , Murzina Tatiana V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMM) based on multilayered metal/dielectric films or ordered arrays of metal nanorods in a dielectric matrix are extremely attractive optical materials for manipulating over the parameters of the light flow. One of the most promising tools for tuning the optical properties of metamaterials in situ is the application of an external magnetic field. However, for the case of HMM based on the ordered arrays of magneto-plasmonic nanostructures, this effect has not been clearly demonstrated until now. In this paper, we present the results of synthesis of HMM based on the highly-ordered arrays of bisegmented Au/Ni nanorods in porous anodic alumina templates and a detailed study of their optical and magneto-optical properties. Distinct enhancement of the magneto-optical (MO) effects along with their sign reversal is observed in the spectral vicinity of epsilon-near-zero and epsilon-near-pole spectral regions. The underlying mechanism is the amplification of the MO polarization plane rotation initiated by Ni segments followed by the light propagation in a strongly birefringent HMM. This stays in agreement with the phenomenological description and relevant numerical calculations.
Key impact of phase dynamics and diamagnetic drive on Reynolds stress in magnetic fusion plasmas
Authors: Sarazin Y , Dif-Pradalier G , Garbet X , Ghendrih P , Berger A , Gillot C , Grandgirard V , Obrejan K , Varennes R , Vermare L , Cartier-Michaud T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Reynolds stress is a key facet of turbulence self-organization. In the magnetized plasmas of controlled fusion devices, the zonal flows that are driven by the averaged Reynolds stress modify the confinement performance. We address this problem with full-f gyrokinetic simulations of ion temperature gradient-driven turbulence. From the detailed analysis of the three-dimensional electric potential and transverse pressure fields, we show that the diamagnetic contribution to the Reynolds stress—stemming from finite Larmor radius effects—exceeds the electrostatic contribution by a factor of about two. Both contributions are in phase, indicating that pressure does not behave as a passive scalar. In addition, the Reynolds stress induced by the electric drift velocity is found to be mainly governed by the gradient of the phase of the electric potential modes rather than by their magnitude. By decoupling Reynolds stress drive and turbulence intensity, this property indicates that a careful analysis of phase dynamics is crucial in the interpretation of experiments and simulations.
Improved resistive switching characteristics of Ag/Al:HfO
x
/ITO/PET ReRAM for flexible electronics application
Authors: Paul A D , Biswas S , Das P , Edwards H J , Dalal A , Maji S , Dhanak V R , Mondal A , Mahapatra R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Al-doped HfO
x
flexible resistive random access memory (ReRAM) device with Ag top electrode (TE) is fabricated on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with low thermal budget process. The oxygen vacancies created by Al doping may assist Ag inclusion to create/rupture the filament at lower operating voltages (V
SET ≈ 0.46 V and V
RESET ≈ −0.93 V) and SET/RESET currents (I
SET ≈ 2 × 10−5 A and I
RESET ≈ 8 × 10−5 A). The Ag/Al:HfO
x
/ITO/PET ReRAM exhibits highly stable resistive switching (RS) behaviour with lower switching power (P
SET ≈ 9.2 µW and P
RESET ≈ 74.4 µW). The stable switching parameters like SET/RESET voltages, resistances in high resistance states (HRS) and low resistance states (LRS) are observed even at higher temperature (100 °C) and in flexible condition (i.e. 5 mm dia). The current conduction mechanism in HRS is dominated by space charge limited conduction whereas LRS is not completely Ohmic in nature. The RS mechanism has been explained by the formation of the combined effect of Ag atoms and oxygen vacancies. Considering the improved performance of the ReRAM device fabricated at low-temperature process, it may provide a promising candidate for the low power flexible electronics applications.
Relic neutrino degeneracies and their impact on cosmological parameters
Authors: Yeung Shek , Lau King , Chu M.-C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the standard ΛCDM model, neutrinos are treated as radiation, with their masses and possible degeneracy ignored. In this paper, we compute the impact of a finite relic neutrino degeneracy ξ on the CMB angular power spectra, and obtain constraints on ξ using current cosmological data sets. We find that ξ≈ O(1) is still allowed. We also study the correlations between ξ, the Hubble parameter H
0, and the spectral index n
s. Due to these correlations, the CMB constraints on inflation models are loosened when ξ is fitted together with other cosmological parameters, such that some models excluded at 95% confidence level by standard fittings without ξ could be revived. Furthermore, the tension in CMB and local measurements of H
0 is slightly alleviated. Our results suggest that ξ is a non-negligible physical parameter for cosmological analyses.
Multi-dimensional kinetic simulations of laser radiation absorption and electron acceleration in inhomogeneous underdense plasma
Authors: Gu Yan-Jun , Klimo O. , Tikhonchuk V.T. , Weber S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The sub-relativistic laser beam interaction with an underdense plasma is investigated via two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulations with respect to the laser polarization direction. Different parametric instabilities dominate the interaction depending on the propagation direction of the daughter waves in the simulation plane with respect to the laser field polarization and laser propagation direction. In the plane containing the laser electric field (p-polarization) the interaction is dominated by the two-plasmon decay instability and the beating of large amplitude electron plasma waves produces periodic ion density perturbations suppressing stimulated Raman scattering in the quarter critical density zone. A stronger absorption and heating of hot electrons is observed in the case where laser polarization is perpendicular to the simulation plane (s-polarization). Furthermore, by comparing a plane laser wave with a narrow beamlet, the effect of the initial transverse laser profile is proven to play an important role in exciting the filamentation instability, which competes with stimulated Brillouin scattering and affects the laser absorption and hot electron generation. A dedicated three-dimensional simulation indicates that a 2D simulation with p-polarization produces a more reliable results while the case of s-polarization overestimates the laser absorption and hot electron generation.