bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A contribution to the technology and sources of lead in Byzantium: lead isotope analysis of ten Byzantine seals
Authors: Karagiorgou Olga , Merkel Stephen , Wołoszyn Marcin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article presents the results of lead isotope analysis of ten Byzantine seals from the sigillographic collection of Robert Feind (Cologne). The report is preceded by an overview of pre-existing studies on lead use in the Byzantine Empire and a presentation of the investigated seals datable to the Early Byzantine (4 specimens), Middle Byzantine (5 specimens) and Late Byzantine period (1 specimen). Three seals are of imperial issue. The results of the analysis of lead are compared against the results of isotope analysis of other silver and lead artefacts from Late Antiquity and the Late Byzantine period. The isotop analysis leads to the following conclusions: (a) Many of the seals have isotope ratios consistent with Aegean-Bulgaria-Western Turkey sources; (b) Reused lead was also employed in the manufacture of seals; (c) There appear to be significant chronological and regional differences in the lead used for casting blanks in the eastern Mediterranean. The number of lead seals subjected here to analysis is admittedly too small for the results to be fully representative; still, they provide a starting point for more similar studies which will preferably include excavation finds with known and secure provenance.
The last century of the Chora Monastery: a new look at the tomb monuments
Authors: Melvani Nicholas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present article re-examines the tomb monuments in the parekklesion and the outer narthex of the main church of the Chora monastery, which are generally thought to date from the early Palaiologan period. Based on the analysis of the iconography and style of the frescoes adorning the tombs, it is suggested that some of the burials should be re-dated at least a few decades later. The frescoes in the lunette of the Tomb of Michael Tornikes (Tomb D) appear to have been executed shortly after 1350 and the decoration of Tombs C and E must date from around the same time. The portraits in Tombs F and G date from the 15th century. The epigraphic evidence and the images illustrate the continuing use of the Chora by its patrons, members of various branches of the Tornikes, Asanes, Raoul, and Dermokaites families, during the last century of the monastery.
Imprisoned martyrs on the move: reading holiness in Byzantine martyrdom accounts
Authors: Papavarnavas Christodoulos 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper shows that the protagonists of Byzantine Passions are often depicted as attaining holiness while on the move: after their arrest by pagan soldiers, Christian martyrs are subjected to travels for legal reasons. Drawing on the anthropological concept of liminality (Arnold van Gennep, Victor Turner), I will suggest that such inflicted travels or transfers in Byzantine Passions serve as liminal phases between interrogation, torture, imprisonment, and execution, by which the protagonists ascend to the state of holiness. The paper, structured in three major sections, focuses on scenes of ‘imprisoned martyrs on the move’ as delineated in both pre-Metaphrastic and Metaphrastic martyrdom accounts (fourth-tenth centuries). After a concise introduction to the theoretical background and the text corpus of this study, the main sections explicate the motif of imposed movement in conjunction with the literary construction of holiness, the spiritual formation of the audience, and the structure of a martyrdom narrative.
Of the nomophylax: John Xiphilinos’ scholia on the Basilica
Authors: Penna Daphne 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of the present study is to focus exclusively on the Basilica scholia of John Xiphilinos: to collect and record a list of his scholia and to analyse and evaluate specific lengthy scholia of his in detail. Scholia attributed to Xiphilinos have the heading “of the nomophylax”. We also encounter scholia under the heading “of Ioannes”, and it remains doubtful whether they can also be attributed to Xiphilinos. Based on the evidence some of the scholia with the heading “of Ioannes” are certainly attributed to the antecessor Ioannes Kobidas. Xiphilinos takes into account older legal material including antecessorian writings (Stephanus, Cyril, Theophilus and kata podas translations), as well as works of Athanasius of Emesa and Theodorus of Hermoupolis. Xiphilinos’ references to the rheton raise the question whether he had actually consulted manuscripts of the Digest. Arguments are brought in favour of this hypothesis.
Robust Hybrid High-Order Method on Polytopal Meshes with Small Faces
Authors: Droniou Jérôme , Yemm Liam 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We design a Hybrid High-Order (HHO) scheme for the Poisson problem that is fully robust on polytopal meshes in the presence of small edges/faces.
We state general assumptions on the stabilisation terms involved in the scheme, under which optimal error estimates (in discrete and continuous energy norms, as well as

L
2

L^{2}

-norm) are established with multiplicative constants that do not depend on the maximum number of faces in each element, or the relative size between an element and its faces.
We illustrate the error estimates through numerical simulations in 2D and 3D on meshes designed by agglomeration techniques (such meshes naturally have elements with a very large numbers of faces, and very small faces).
Modeling evaluation on solid-liquid mixing characteristics in a dislocated guide impeller stirred tank
Authors: Gu Deyin , Zhao Fenghui , Wang Xingmin , Liu Zuohua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The solid-liquid mixing characteristics in a stirred tank with pitched blade impellers, dislocated impellers, and dislocated guide impellers were investigated through using CFD simulation. The effects of impeller speed, impeller type, aperture ratio, aperture length, solid particle diameter and initial solid holdup on the homogeneity degree in the solid-liquid mixing process were investigated. As expected, the solid particle suspension quality was increased with an increase in impeller speed. The dislocated impeller could reduce the accumulation of solid particles and improve the cloud height compared with pitched blade impeller under the same power consumption. The dislocated guide impeller could enhance the solid particles suspension quality on the basis of dislocated impeller, and the optimum aperture ratio and aperture length of dislocated guide impeller were 12.25% and 7 mm, respectively, in the solid-liquid mixing process. Smaller solid particle diameter and lower initial solid holdup led to higher homogeneity degree of solid-liquid mixing system. The dislocated guide impeller could increase solid particle integrated velocity and enhance turbulent intensity of solid-liquid two-phase compared with pitched blade impeller and dislocated impeller under the same power consumption.
Congenital hyperinsulinism: recent updates on molecular mechanisms, diagnosis and management
Authors: Giri Dinesh , Hawton Katherine , Senniappan Senthil 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a rare disease characterized by an unregulated insulin release, leading to hypoglycaemia. It is the most frequent cause of persistent and severe hypoglycaemia in the neonatal period and early childhood. Mutations in 16 different key genes (ABCC8, KCNJ11, GLUD1, GCK, HADH, SLC16A1, UCP2, HNF4A, HNF1A, HK1, KCNQ1, CACNA1D, FOXA2, EIF2S3, PGM1 and PMM2) that are involved in regulating the insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells have been described to be responsible for the underlying molecular mechanisms of CHI. CHI can also be associated with specific syndromes and can be secondary to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), maternal diabetes, birth asphyxia, etc. It is important to diagnose and promptly initiate appropriate management as untreated hypoglycaemia can be associated with significant neurodisability. CHI can be histopathologically classified into diffuse, focal and atypical forms. Advances in molecular genetics, imaging techniques (18F-fluoro-l-dihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanning), novel medical therapies and surgical advances (laparoscopic pancreatectomy) have changed the management and improved the outcome of patients with CHI. This review article provides an overview of the background, clinical presentation, diagnosis, molecular genetics and therapy for children with different forms of CHI.
The crystal structure of bis(6-phenylpyridine-2-carboxylato-κ2
N,O)copper(II), C24H16N2O4Cu
Authors: Li-Hua Wang , Lei Liang , Xiang-Tao Li , Shu-Hua Cao , Xi-Shi Tai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
C24H16N2O4Cu, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 11.2454(6) Å, b = 13.5960(7) Å, c = 14.0076(8) Å, V = 1958.9(2) Å3, α = 79.019(5)°, β = 71.729(5)°, γ = 76.126(5)°, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0438, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1030, T = 150 K.
Subjectively perceived change in consumption along the living standards in old ages
Authors: Hegedüs Réka , Rádóczy Klaudia 
Published: September 2021

THE AIMS OF THE PAPER
The aim of our research is to provide a picture of the conditions for providing the income background necessary for old age, the spending habits of the 50 plus age group, and to illustrate how the old ages goup of our survey, the elderly age group we survey perceives changes in their spending in the last 10-year.
METHODOLOGY
We used a representative personal survey with 500 Hungarian people. This survey was made in February 2020 on a targeted sample of the Hungarian population aged 50-70. In the analysis method, we used cluster formation, because we tried to identify groups showing different consumption changes based on the consumption categories of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office.
MOST IMPORTANT RESULTS, NEW FINDINGS
The results show that the people who participated in the survey had little perception of a change in their spending compared to their life 10 years before. On the other hand, our retirement income in old age may lag far behind the income in active, working years, so we can assume that if the significant decline in income did not affect consumption patterns, old-age income may be supplemented by savings in old age.
EMPIRICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE RESEARCH
The clusters that we made shows well that the spendings of the 50-plus age group are also significant for the economy as a whole. The types of their expenditures is diverse and there is a lot of items that they would not necessarily be able to afford from an average income funded by the pension scheme. The characteristics of the clusters also show that there is a positive relationship between financial awareness (planning spending, exploring sales) and age. In our oppinion this is the reason why financial awareness education, the communications about this is very important. The financial management of households can be incorporated into the education of children from an early age.
Acknowledgments: This research was partially supported by the Human Resource Development Operational Programme, grant No.: EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00004 “Comprehensive developments at the University of Pécs for the implementation of intelligent specialization”
MODELO DE UM SEMÁFORO INTELIGENTE PARA GRANDES AVENIDAS UTILZANDO SENSOR INDUTIVO
Authors: Junior Geraldo Motta Azevedo , Da Silva Antônio José Dias , Pinheiro André Luis Da Silva , Bezerra Caio Cesar Guimarães Gonçalves 
Published: September 2021

RESUMO
Devido ao crescimento do problema de tráfego urbano, é comum se deparar com grandes trechos de congestionamentos ao longo das vias urbanas. Para amenizar este problema, foi proposto um novo modelo de programação de sinais de trânsito, tendo em vista que os semáforos atuais têm uma programação fixa, onde o seu tempo de comutação entre a luz vermelha e a luz verde são praticamente fixos ao longo do dia. Ora fluxo intenso em um sentido na via, ora fluxo intenso no outro sentido da via, sinais de retorno fechando sem ter carros para retornar são alguns dos problemas corriqueiros encarados por todos os brasileiros. O semáforo através de sensor indutivo propõe amenizar esses problemas adotando um diagrama elétrico de baixo custo, visando gerar um impacto positivo no tráfego urbano.
Slo2/KNaChannels inDrosophilaProtect against Spontaneous and Induced Seizure-like Behavior Associated with an Increased Persistent Na+Current
Authors: Byers Nathan , Hahm Eu-Teum , Tsunoda Susan 
Published: September 2021

Na+sensitivity is a unique feature of Na+-activated K+(KNa) channels, making them naturally suited to counter a sudden influx in Na+ions. As such, it has long been suggested that KNachannels may serve a protective function against excessive excitation associated with neuronal injury and disease. This hypothesis, however, has remained largely untested. Here, we examine KNachannels encoded by theDrosophila Slo2(dSlo2) gene in males and females. We show that dSlo2/KNachannels are selectively expressed in cholinergic neurons in the adult brain, as well as in glutamatergic motor neurons, where dampening excitation may function to inhibit global hyperactivity and seizure-like behavior. Indeed, we show that effects of feedingDrosophilaa cholinergic agonist are exacerbated by the loss of dSlo2/KNachannels. Similar to mammalian Slo2/KNachannels, we show that dSlo2/KNachannels encode a TTX-sensitive K+conductance, indicating that dSlo2/KNachannels can be activated by Na+carried by voltage-dependent Na+channels. We then tested the role of dSlo2/KNachannels in established genetic seizure models in which the voltage-dependent persistent Na+current (INap) is elevated. We show that the absence of dSlo2/KNachannels increased susceptibility to mechanically induced seizure-like behavior. Similar results were observed in WT flies treated with veratridine, an enhancer of INap. Finally, we show that loss of dSlo2/KNachannels in both genetic and pharmacologically primed seizure models resulted in the appearance of spontaneous seizures. Together, our results support a model in which dSlo2/KNachannels, activated by neuronal overexcitation, contribute to a protective threshold to suppress the induction of seizure-like activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSlo2/KNachannels are unique in that they constitute a repolarizing K+pore that is activated by the depolarizing Na+ion, making them naturally suited to function as a protective “brake” against overexcitation and Na+overload. Here, we test this hypothesisin vivoby examining how a null mutation of theDrosophila Slo2(dSlo2)/KNagene affects seizure-like behavior in genetic and pharmacological models of epilepsy. We show that indeed the loss of dSlo2/KNachannels results in increased incidence and severity of induced seizure behavior, as well as the appearance of spontaneous seizure activity. Our results advance our understanding of neuronal excitability and protective mechanisms that preserve normal physiology and the suppression of seizure susceptibility.
25 years of ERβ: a personal journey
Authors: Warner Margaret , Fan Xiaotang , Strom Anders , Wu Wanfu , Gustafsson Jan-Åke 
Published: September 2021

Summary
After the discovery of ERβ, a novel role for dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in estrogen signaling was revealed. Instead of just being a better androgen, DHT was found to be a precursor of the ERβ agonist 5α-androstane-3β, 17β-diol (3βAdiol), an estrogen which does not require aromatase for its synthesis. ERβ was found to oppose androgen signaling and thus is a potential target for treatment of prostate cancer. ERβ was also found to have effects that were independent of androgen signaling, particularly in the CNS. Although in rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease), ERβ agonists are very effective in relieving symptoms and improving pathologies, this has not proven to be the case in humans. In this review we will focus on the main differences in ERβ signaling between rodents and humans and will make the point that a very important difference between the two species is in the splice variants which are expressed in humans and not rodents. The main conclusion at this point is that before we think of using ERβ agonists clinically, much more work on ERβ signaling in the human or in primates needs to be done.
FREQUENCY OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN: A SINGLE-CENTER CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN ISTANBUL
Authors: VARKAL Muhammet Ali , ÖZÇETİN Mustafa , KILIÇ Ayşe 
Published: September 2021

Aim: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among children worldwide. This study aims to assess the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in children and how it varies according to gender, age, and season in Istanbul.
Materials and methods: The study included 3096 children aged 0-18 admitted to the pediatric outpatient clinic in Istanbul. The serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration was categorized into four groups: deficiency (100 ng/mL). Descriptive methods, Chi-square, Independent Samples T-Test, ANOVA, and correlation test were used in the statistical analysis of the data.
Results: Of children, 52% were girls and 48% boys. The mean serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 21.8 ± 15.8 ng/mL, and the frequency of vitamin D deficiency was 53.1%. There was a different distribution of vitamin D status between age groups. Vitamin D deficiency was more common in older children. There was also a significant difference between girls and boys in the frequency of vitamin D deficiency (57.6% versus 48.3%). The mean serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration was significantly lower in winter and spring. A moderate negative correlation was found between age and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration (correlation coefficient:-0.36).
Conclusion: This study showed that female sex, older children, and the winter/spring seasons were significantly associated with a higher frequency of vitamin D deficiency and a lower mean serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration.
SÍNTESIS Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE POLVOS DE HIDROXIAPATITA CARBONATADA TIPO B CON DIFERENTES CONTENIDOS DE CARBONATO
Authors: Ochoa Gómez Maria Isabel 
Published: September 2021

La Hidroxiapatita Estequiométrica (HA) es un material ampliamente utilizado en aplicaciones biológicas, aunque su aplicación en muchas ocasiones se limita debido a su estabilidad en ambientes fisiológicos. Es por esto que surge como alternativa, la Hidroxiapatita Carbonatada tipo B (HAC), la cual posee mayor similitud al hueso biológico debido a la presencia del ion carbonato en su estructura. Para su obtención se han utilizado distintos métodos de síntesis, sin embargo, la complejidad y poca reproducibilidad de muchos ha llevado a que sea un tema cada vez más investigado. En este trabajo se muestra la síntesis y caracterización de la HA y la HAC tipo B por el método de precipitación en vía húmeda de tipo inverso, con 3 contenidos de carbonato diferentes, denotados como C2, C3 y C4 con relaciones carbono/fósforo (C/P) de 0,25, 0,375 y 0,5 respectivamente, siendo C4 la HAC con mayor contenido de carbonato. Los polvos sintetizados se caracterizaron mediante difracción de rayos X (DRX), fluorescencia de rayos X (EDX), espectroscopia infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (FTIR) y microscopia electrónica de transmisión (TEM)
Implications of Archambeau's earthquake source theory for slip on faults
Authors: Molnar Peter , Jacob Klaus H. , McCamy Keith 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Archambeau's source theory predicts a distinct peak in the displacement amplitude spectrum of body waves radiated into the far-field. If the assumption that earthquakes may alternatively be described by dislocation theory is valid, then this peak in the spectrum can occur only (1) if different parts of the fault, but on the same side of the fault, slip in opposite directions or (2) if the fault slips back after exceeding the maximum displacement. Data at the present time do not provide strong evidence for a peak in the displacement spectrum. The peak in Archambeau's spectrum may be caused by the absence of frictional damping in his model.
Polar radiation patterns of P and SV waves in a multi-layered medium
Authors: Lee Tien-Chang , Teng Ta-Liang 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The displacement field in a multi-layered medium due to incident plane P or SV waves is formulated in terms of Haskell's layer matrices. Based on the reciprocity theorem, the far-field polar radiation patterns of single force, double force, single couple, double couple, and dilatation in a multi-layered medium can be obtained from the displacement field and its first derivatives with respect to the spatial coordinates. Numerical results for models of one layer overlying a half-space indicate that (1) the radiation patterns are sensitive to the variation of focal depth, (2) the layering has a more pronounced effect on SV-wave radiation patterns than on P-wave radiation patterns, (3) the radiation patterns become simpler as the wavelength increases, (4) polarity may reverse abruptly somewhere beyond the critical angle in SV-wave radiation patterns, (5) radiation may be discontinuous across interfaces for some assumed focal mechanisms applied slightly above and below the interfaces, and (6) no clearcut distinction among the various radiation patterns can be used to single out one type of the assumed focal mechanisms from the rest.
Microearthquakes and water flooding in Los Angeles
Authors: Teng T. L. , Real C. R. , Henyey T. L. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
To prevent inadvertent triggering of earthquakes by fluid injection, the Geophysical Laboratory of the University of Southern California is engaging in a detailed study of microearthquake activities along a portion of the Newport-Inglewood Fault where the accumulating tectonic stress is interacting with massive oil pumping and water flooding. Microearthquake monitoring began in February 1971 and has since operated without interruption. A detailed crustal structure was obtained of the Los Angeles basin from well-logging data and is used satisfactorily in accurate epicenter location. Many seismic events connected with the Newport-Inglewood fault system were accurately located to a third of a kilometer and fault-plane solutions were obtained for some. Hundreds of other events were recorded throughout southern California including the complete aftershock sequence of the San Fernando earthquake of February 9, 1971. Also recorded were the Amchitka nuclear shot and several Nevada Test Site events. Water flooding and oil production data have been compiled for several oil fields in our network operating area. Correlation between microearthquake events and water flooding is suggested.
A low-cost observatory tape recorder
Authors: Choudhury Mansur A. , Houri André 
Published: September 2021

abstract
A new principle of recording earthquakes on magnetic tape by triggering is described. Utilizing the multiplex FM system, an ordinary tape recorder is run both as memory and as storage equipment. The recorder runs normally forward during a cycle of about 10 min. If no earthquake has triggered the system, the tape is rewound to its initial position; but if a seismic pulse surpasses the trigger level, the “rewind” function of the recorder is postponed, and every time this level is surpassed, a new period of postponement begins. Thus, a continuous and complete record of an earthquake is obtained.