bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking post‐stressor interpersonal processes in adolescent girls’ close friendships with acute HPA stress responses
Authors: Calhoun Casey D. , Patterson Megan W. , Bendezú Jason José , Helms Sarah W. , Owens Sarah A. , Rudolph Karen D. , Hastings Paul D. , Prinstein Mitchell J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionFor adolescent girls, close friendships may facilitate stress management and mitigate risk for internalizing psychopathology. However, little is known about how friendship processes may buffer (or potentially exacerbate) acute psychobiological responses to interpersonal stressors in ways that affect risk.MethodsIn a sample of 220 girls (ages 12–17 years) with a history of internalizing symptoms, this study investigated friendship dynamics following the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) to evaluate associations between post‐stressor friendship behaviors (expressions of vulnerability by the stressed teen; support offered by their close friend) and hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis stress responses.ResultsMultilevel regression modeling revealed that girls who displayed more pronounced cortisol reactivity expressed greater vulnerability to, and received greater support from, their close friend. Expressed vulnerability was associated with more efficient cortisol recovery. Close friend support was not significantly associated with cortisol recovery, nor did it influence the connection between expressed vulnerability and cortisol recovery.ConclusionsFindings suggest that HPA reactivity may prompt expressions of vulnerability to girls' close friends, and in this context, promote more efficient HPA recovery. Findings highlight the role friendship dynamics may play in HPA‐related risk for internalizing symptoms and point to expressed vulnerability in adolescent girls’ close friendships as a potential consideration for interpersonally‐centered therapeutic approaches.
Advances in Nanoparticle Delivery System for Erectile Dysfunction: An Updated Review
Authors: Masuku Nelisiwe Prenate , Unuofin Jeremiah Oshiomame , Lebelo Sogolo Lucky 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The use of current available treatment for male erectile dysfunction (ED) has some limitations that are related to efficacy and adverse effects. Nanotechnology has been used as a new tool in medicine to improve these limitations and new medications potentially to alleviate and cure ED.

Aim
To review the currently literature on new nano medications for ED based on scientific and clinical studies, efficacy, safety, mechanisms of action, and to identify gaps for future research.

Methods
A comprehensive literature review was conducted via Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed on English publications using different keywords such as “erectile dysfunction”, “emerging treatments”, “nanotechnology”, and “herbal medicine”. The retrieved papers were organized into groups according to the sections covered in this review paper.

Main Outcomes Measures
We reviewed novel ED treatments such as nanotechnological phosphodiesterase inhibitors, papaverine hydrochloride, sialorphin, adipose tissue-derived stem cells, sonic hedgehog, and herbal medicine.

Results
Numerous preclinical studies have addressed novel phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors nanoparticle, and their recent delivery systems. Nitric oxide, sialorphin, sonic hedgehog, and herbal medicine loaded nanoparticles and nano adipose tissue-derived stem cells as a potential new treatment for ED. In addition, papaverine-containing nanoparticles have been reported. A limited number of randomized clinical studies have determined the mechanism of these treatments.

Conclusion
A literature review on the application of nanotechnology in ED therapy was successfully conducted. New nano medications are promising to treat ED. However, further studies are warranted to further assess their efficacy and safety.
Von Willebrand factor and acute type a aortic dissection——VAD study
Authors: Zhu Jiade , Kuang Juntao , Li Chenxi , Wang Qiuji , Sun Tucheng , Wu Jinlin , Fan Ruixin 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Acute Type A Aortic Dissection (ATAAD) is a kind of cardiovascular disease which seriously threatens human life and health. Surgical treatment is currently recognized as the standard treatment for ATAAD. It has the characteristics of rapid onset, long operation time, and worse post-operative prognosis than other routine cardiac surgeries. Preoperative biomarkers correlated with the outcome of ATAAD was rarely reported. Future research should be directed toward finding out some useful predictive biomarkers and assessing their potential treatment value, in the hope of improving the postoperative prognosis of ATAAD. Von Willebrand factor (vWF) is considered to be closely related to pathophysiological processes such as blood coagulation and vascular inflammation. Its deficiency or elevation may affect patients' blood coagulation condition and postoperative intravascular inflammation, thus affecting the occurrence of postoperative hemorrhagic complications. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of vWF on the early postoperative outcome of patients with ATAAD.

Method and analysis:
Patients with ATAAD who receive surgical treatment in our center from April 1, 2021 to April 1, 2022 will be prospectively included. According to the preoperative vWF measurement, enrolled patients will be divided into two groups: normal vWF (normal level of vWF: NL-vWF, reference value of 50–160%) group and abnormal vWF (Disrupted level of vWF: DL-vWF) group. The preoperative baseline data (including demographic characteristics, comobidities and malperfusion syndrome state, imaging examination, and laboratory examination), and surgical data will be documented. Primary and secondary endpoints events (described in part 2.4) will be assessed and recorded. We will use propensity score approach to account for baseline differences between DL-vWF group and NL-vWF group, and compare the early postoperative outcomes for a purpose of assessing the effect of vWF on the early postoperative outcomes of patients with ATAAD.

Highlights
Interaction between Apo A-II –265T > C polymorphism and dietary total antioxidant capacity on some oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Jafari Azad Banafsheh , Yaseri Mehdi , Daneshzad Elnaz , Koohdani Fariba 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis work aims to examine the interaction between apo A2 (Apo A-II) –265T > C SNP and dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) on inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present cross-sectional study included 180 patients (35–65 years) with identified Apo A-II genotype. Dietary intakes were assessed by a FFQ. DTAC was computed using the international databases. IL-18 (IL18), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), pentraxin (PTX3), serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and 8-isoprostaneF2α (PGF2α) markers were obtained according to standard protocols. General linear model was used to evaluate the interaction. The interaction of gene and DTAC (PFRAP = 0·039 and PORAC = 0·042) on PGF2α level was significant after adjusting for confounders. A significant interaction was observed on IL18 level (PORAC = 0·018 and PFRAP = 0·048) and SOD (PTEAC = 0·037) in obese patients. Among patients whose DTAC was higher than the median intake, the levels of hs-CRP and PGF2α were significantly higher only in individuals with CC genotype. Serum TAC (PFRAP = 0·030, PORAC = 0·049) and SOD were significantly lower in the CC genotype. There was a favourable relationship between the high-DTAC and SOD (obese: PTEAC = 0·034, non-obese: PFRAP = 0·001, PTRAP < 0·0001, PTEAC = 0·003 and PORAC = 0·001) and PGF2α (non-obese: PORAC = 0·024) in T-allele carriers. The rs5082 SNP interacts with DTAC to influence several cardiometabolic risk factors. Also, we found dietary recommendations for antioxidant-rich foods intake might be useful in the prevention of diabetes complications in the T carrier more effectively than the CC genotype. Future large studies are required to confirm these results.
Untargeted lipidomics of ovine milk to analyse the influence of different diet regimens
Authors: Manis Cristina , Addis Margherita , Sitzia Maria , Scano Paola , Garau Viviana , Cabiddu Andrea , Caredda Marco , Pirisi Antonio , Pulina Antonio , Roggero Pierpaolo , Caboni Pierluigi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work we report a lipidomics approach to study the effects of two diet systems on the composition of ovine milk. Milk from two groups of Sarda sheep grazing on 40% (P40) and 60% (P60) of pasture were analyzed by a UHPLC-QTOF-MS analytical platform and data submitted to multivariate statistical analysis. Pairwise partial least square discriminant analysis of the lipid profile of the data was carried out to classify samples and to find discriminant lipids. The two dietary groups were characterized by differences in triacylglycerols, phosphocholines and phosphatidylethanolamines levels. Discriminants of the P40 group were TG and PC containing in their backbone saturated medium chain FA thus suggesting greater de novo fatty synthesis in the mammary gland. On the other hand, the P60 group was characterized by TG and PC formed by unsaturated long chain FA originating from the diet or from lipid mobilization.
Sequential infection ofDaphnia magnaby a gut microsporidium followed by a haemolymph yeast decreases transmission of both parasites
Authors: Manzi Florent , Halle Snir , Seemann Louise , Ben-Ami Frida , Wolinska Justyna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOver the course of seasonal epidemics, populations of susceptible hosts may encounter a wide variety of parasites. Parasite phenology affects the order in which these species encounter their hosts, leading to sequential infections, with potentially strong effects on within-host growth and host population dynamics. Here, the cladoceranDaphnia magnawas exposed sequentially to a haemolymph-infecting yeast (Metschnikowia bicuspidata) and a gut microsporidium (Ordospora colligata), with experimental treatments reflecting two possible scenarios of parasite succession. The effects of single and co-exposure were compared on parasite infectivity, spore production and the overall virulence experienced by the host. We show that neither parasite benefited from coinfection; instead, when hosts encounteredOrdospora, followed byMetschnikowia, higher levels of host mortality contributed to an overall decrease in the transmission of both parasites. These results showcase an example of sequential infections generating unilateral priority effects, in which antagonistic interactions between parasites can alleviate the intensity of infection and coincide with maladaptive levels of damage inflicted on the host.
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence survey among health care providers in a Belgian public multiple-site hospital
Authors: Naesens Reinout , Mertes Helena , Clukers Johan , Herzog Sereina , Brands Christiane , Vets Philippe , De laet Inneke , Bruynseels Peggy , De Schouwer Pieter , van der Maas Sanne , Bervoets Katrien , Hens Niel , Van Damme Pierre 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Although the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is lasting for more than 1 year, the exposition risks of health-care providers are still unclear. Available evidence is conflicting. We investigated the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the staff of a large public hospital with multiple sites in the Antwerp region of Belgium. Risk factors for infection were identified by means of a questionnaire and human resource data. We performed hospital-wide serology tests in the weeks following the first epidemic wave (16 March to the end of May 2020) and combined the results with the answers from an individual questionnaire. Overall seroprevalence was 7.6%. We found higher seroprevalences in nurses [10.0%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.9–11.2] than in physicians 6.4% (95% CI 4.6–8.7), paramedical 6.0% (95% CI 4.3–8.0) and administrative staff (2.9%; 95% CI 1.8–4.5). Staff who indicated contact with a confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) colleague had a higher seroprevalence (12.0%; 95% CI 10.7–13.4) than staff who did not (4.2%; 95% CI 3.5–5.0). The same findings were present for contacts in the private setting. Working in general COVID-19 wards, but not in emergency departments or intensive care units, was also a significant risk factor. Since our analysis points in the direction of active SARS-CoV-2 transmission within hospitals, we argue for implementing a stringent hospital-wide testing and contact-tracing policy with special attention to the health care workers employed in general COVID-19 departments. Additional studies are needed to establish the transmission dynamics.
Delayed germination of Brassica parachinensis seeds by coumarin involves decreased GA4 production and a consequent reduction of ROS accumulation
Authors: Chen Bing-Xian , Peng Yuan-Xuan , Yang Xue-Qin , Liu Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe plant allelochemical coumarin effectively inhibits the germination of Brassica parachinensis (B. parachinensis) seeds. Quantification of endogenous phytohormones showed that contents of abscisic acid (ABA), ABA glucose ester, gibberellin A20 (GA20), GA3, GA15, GA24, GA9 and GA4 were higher in germinating seeds than in seedlings. Moreover, the presence of coumarin significantly reduced the content of bioactive GA4 which is thought to positively regulate seed germination. Histochemical staining and spectrophotometry of reactive oxygen species (ROS) revealed that exogenous GA3 and GA4+7 could effectively promote the production of endogenous ROS during germination and that the GA synthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol could effectively inhibit production of ROS. Coumarin significantly inhibited the accumulation of ROS, especially superoxide anion radical (${\rm O}_2^{{\cdot}{-}} $). This inhibitory effect could be restored by the addition of exogenous GA3 and GA4+7. Coumarin also inhibited the activity of the ROS-degrading enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase as well as β-amylase in seeds and seedlings. Taken together, we propose a model for the regulation of seed germination in B. parachinensis by coumarin, Gas and ROS, in which coumarin may delay seed germination by reducing endogenous GA4, thus decreasing the accumulation of ROS.
Centrifugal forces in a hegemonic environment: the rise of small-state coalitions in the Economic and Monetary Union
Authors: Schoeller Magnus G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA hegemonic power can guarantee thestatus quoin an international economic system. However, domestic or international changes may unsettle a hegemon’s priorities. In such phases, smaller states benefiting from the existing system may fear that the hegemon will fail to keep the system stable. How do they react if they lose trust in the hegemon’s ability or will to maintain thestatus quo? This article argues that in such cases, free riding becomes less rewarding. Therefore, smaller states build publicly visible coalitions to ‘voice’ their preferences. Applying this argument to the role of small ‘creditor states’ in the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), the article draws on original in-depth interviews to analyze the ‘New Hanseatic League’ as a strategy to defend the present euro regime and counterbalance the Franco–German tandem. By elaborating and tracing a fine-grained causal mechanism, the article thus explains the emergence of vocal small-state coalitions in a hegemonic environment.
Coronavirus: The Not‐So‐Trivial Loss of Well‐Being
Authors: Duan Hongbo , Huang Zhilin , Jiang Jie , Ming Xi , Zhang Dingxuan , Wang Shouyang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 outbreak has been one of the world's most severe challenges since World War II, which not only reflected in the observable economic depression, but also in emotional damage that is scarcely underscored. This paper estimates the effect of the epidemic on happiness of Chinese residents by capturing the emotions conveyed through massive social media, combined with city‐level epidemic data. We confirm the significant negative impact of the outbreak on life satisfaction, with an extra 1% of cumulative death cases associated with a 0.54% decrease in expressed happiness. Meanwhile, we find that well‐being drops the most in regions with high‐level risk of COVID‐19, and happiness in regions with higher or lower income levels are more vulnerable to the effects of the epidemic, in comparison to the intermediate‐level income regions. Female sentiment exhibits more sensitivity to the epidemic situation than does male sentiment. Furthermore, the timing of major public events also plays a sizable role in determining self‐reported happiness, and our results suggest that pandemic alerts announced by the World Health Organization significantly increased the loss of well‐being, while announcements of city‐unlocking had the opposite impact. The interaction between the outbreak and real‐time expressed happiness provides an important opportunity for reflection on the future governance policies of epidemic containment.
Carbon Sequestration Related to Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in the High Arctic
Authors: Jílková Veronika , Devetter Miloslav , Bryndová Michala , Hájek Tomáš , Kotas Petr , Luláková Petra , Meador Travis , Navrátilová Dana , Saccone Patrick , Macek Petr 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArctic soils are an important reservoir of soil organic carbon (SOC) and their role in determining arctic ecosystem functioning in global carbon budgets requires closer attention. We investigated the coupling of soil properties and SOC stabilization mechanisms in high Arctic terrestrial habitats differing in vegetation cover and organic matter input. We focused on soil physical and chemical properties in glacier foreland, soil crust, dry tundra, wet tundra, and bird cliff meadow habitats on Svalbard (Norway). Concurrently, we performed physical fractionation to determine the amount of SOC stabilized by mineral associations or occlusion in macro and microaggregates. Initial stages of soil development (glacier foreland and soil crust habitats) exhibited characteristically high bulk density and pH, and low moisture and nutrient contents, whereas more developed soils (dry and wet tundra habitats) showed opposite trends. Contrastingly, bird cliff meadow showed low bulk density, intermediate moisture, and very high nutrient content. The amount of SOC stabilized by mineral associations and occlusion in aggregates generally increased with vegetation cover; hence, the more developed habitats supported higher contents of stabilized SOC. However, SOC was stabilized in aggregates even in initial stages of soil development. SOC content in most fractions correlated positively with contents of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, suggesting that both dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen might have provided some degree of SOC stabilization through increased formation of aggregates and suppression of microbial mineralization of soil organic matter, respectively. Our findings underscore the notion that models of SOC sequestration in the Arctic should account not only for total SOC content, but also SOC stabilization mechanisms, as represented by SOC content in respective soil fractions.
Performance of Singular Spectrum Analysis in Separating Seasonal and Fast Physiological Dynamics of Solar‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence and PRI Optical Signals
Authors: Biriukova Khelvi , Pacheco‐Labrador Javier , Migliavacca Mirco , Mahecha Miguel D. , Gonzalez‐Cascon Rosario , Martín M. Pilar , Rossini Micol 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigh temporal resolution measurements of solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (F) and the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) encode vegetation functioning. However, these signals are modulated by time‐dependent processes. We tested the applicability of the Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) for disentangling fast components (physiology‐driven) and slow components (controlled by structural and biochemical properties) from PRI, far‐red F (F760), and far‐red apparent fluorescence yield (Fy∗760). The proof of concept was developed on spectral and flux time series simulated with the Soil Canopy Observation of Photochemistry and Energy fluxes (SCOPE) model. This allowed the evaluation of SSA decomposition against variables that are independent of physiology or are modified by it. Slow SSA‐decomposed components of PRI and Fy∗760 showed high correlations with the reference variables (R2 = 0.97 and 0.96, respectively). Fast SSA‐decomposed components of PRI and Fy∗760 were better related to the physiological reference variables than the original signals during periods when leaf area index (LAI) was above 1 m2 m−2. The method was also successfully applied to predict light‐use efficiency (LUE) from the fast SSA‐decomposed components of PRI (R2 = 0.70) and Fy∗760 (R2 = 0.68) when discarding data modeled with LAI < 1 m2 m−2 and short‐wave radiation Rin < 250 W m−2. The method was then tested on data acquired in a Mediterranean grassland. In this case, the fast SSA‐decomposed component of apparent LUE∗ showed a stronger correlation with the fast SSA‐decomposed component of Fy∗760 (R2 = 0.42) than with original Fy∗760 (R2 = 0.01). SSA‐based approach is a promising tool for decoupling physiological information from measurements acquired with automated proximal sensing systems.
Wavelet and Network Analysis of Magnetic Field Variation and Geomagnetically Induced Currents During Large Storms
Authors: Orr L. , Chapman S. C. , Beggan C. D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDuring geomagnetic storms rapid magnetic variations cause large, sharp enhancements of the magnetic and geoelectric field at mid‐latitudes. These present a potential hazard to grounded technology such as high voltage transformers, pipelines and railway systems. Spatiotemporal quantification can provide insight into the magnitude and configuration of their potential hazard. We use the Haar wavelet transform to localize in time and frequency the storm‐time response in both European ground‐based magnetometer measurements and modeled geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) from the high voltage grid of Great Britain (GB). Wavelet cross‐correlation of the GIC in the grounded nodes is then used to build a time‐varying network of GIC flow around the GB grid during storms including the 2003 Halloween storm. We find a highly intermittent (few tens of minutes duration) long‐range coherent response that can span the entire physical grid at most intense times. The spatial pattern of response seen in the GIC flow network does not simply follow that of the amplitude of the rate of change of B field. Coherent response is excited across spatially extended clusters comprised of a subset of nodes that are highly connected to each other, with a tendency for east‐west linkages following that of the physical grid, simultaneous with the overhead presence of the auroral electrojet and the inducing component of the magnetic field. This can quantify the spatial and temporal location of increased hazard in specific regions during large storms by including effects of both the geophysical and engineering configuration of the high voltage grid.