bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1498 A Ten-Year Observational Study of The Use of Two-Way Catheters Post-Transurethral Resection of The Prostate Without the Use of Post-Op Irrigation
Authors: Kretzmer L , Damola A , Sandher M , Martin W , Ehsanullah S. Ali , Jones A , Manirajan S , Cakir S , Gao J , Ginepri A , Singh S , Apakama I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Over 15,000 transurethral resections of the prostate (TURP) are performed yearly in the UK. It is therefore vital that peri-operative care is optimised. Our centre favours the use of two-way catheters post-operatively without continuous bladder irrigation (CBI).

Aim
To evaluate our practice of using two-way catheters without irrigation post-TURP and to determine impact on patient care compared to standard three-way catheterization. Our primary outcome was duration of admission, but multiple secondary outcomes were also analysed.

Method
This was a prospective observational study. Every patient undergoing TURP at our centre from 2009 to 2019 was included. Prospective patient data were collected pertaining to peri-operative factors. This data was then compared with data published in the NICE guidance pertaining to TURP.

Results
687 patients underwent TURP at our centre between 2009-2019. The average age of patients was 71.42 (±7.89). 87.17% (n = 598) had two-way catheters placed post-operatively. Average duration of admission was 1.61 (±1.35) days. TWOC was successful in 93.74% (n = 644). Complication rate was 8.73% (n = 60), reduced in comparison to other units. Furthermore, when compared to other centres, our method reduced lengths of admission and transfusion rates (1.6 days vs. 3.1 days and 0.87% vs. 2.83% respectively).

Conclusions
Our method preserves patient safety and is associated with reduced length of admission. It also has cost-saving benefits and a reduced post-operative period of catheterisation. We recommend this practice to the wider urological community.
456 Palliative Care Interventions for Peripheral Vascular Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Davies H , Waduud M , Laloo R , Bennett M , Scott J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
Identify and evaluate palliative care interventions used in peripheral vascular disease (PVD).

Background
PVD encompasses conditions with poor outcome and severe suffering, both mentally and physically, yet utilisation and research into palliative care interventions remain sparse.

Method
A systematic review of all study designs published between January 1991 and January 2020 in which people with PVD received palliative care interventions and at least one patient reported outcome was recorded.

Results
A total of eight studies involving 87037 unique patients met inclusion criteria (four cohort studies and four cross sectional studies). There were no randomised controlled studies; The small number of studies and study heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. Only two papers recorded patient reported outcomes. Five papers found an association between palliative care and reduction in health care utilisation. Most of the studies reported that palliative care was likely underused. Only two of the studies included non-hospital patients. The methodological quality of the papers ranged from low to moderate.

Conclusions
Despite high mortality and morbidity associated with PVD, evidence of the effectiveness of palliative care in this group of patients is lacking. There are only a handful of papers on palliative care in vascular surgery and the majority are small, methodologically flawed and lack patient reported outcomes. Randomised controlled trials of palliative care interventions in patients with PVD are needed to determine optimal treatment outcomes.
664 Factors and Outcomes Associated with Delays in Carotid Endarterectomy in Symptomatic Patients
Authors: Hussain S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Carotid artery disease (CAD) contributes to 20% of ischaemic stroke. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) reduces stroke risk significantly if performed within 14 days of the index event in symptomatic patients. Studies report delayed CEA is common in practice, however underlying reasons are poorly understood. The aim is to assess factors associated with delayed CEA, and to compare outcomes between timely and delayed CEA.

Method
This retrospective cohort study included 24 symptomatic CAD patients planned for CEA between October 2018 and December 2019 in a tertiary vascular unit. Time from index event to CEA was measured in “timely” (≤14 days) and “delayed” (&gt;14 days) cohorts and causes for delay were explored. Univariate logistic regression was performed to assess factors associated with delay. Surgical outcomes at 30-days and 1-year were compared between cohorts.

Results
Overall, 58.3% (n = 14/24) patients underwent delayed CEA. Median time from index event to CEA was 10.5 (IQR 7.5-12) and 22 (IQR 16-32) days in timely and delayed cohorts respectively (P &lt; 0.0001). The main cause of delay was deterioration in patient condition (50%, n = 7/14). In 35.7% (n = 5/14) reasons were unclear. No statistically significant factors were associated with a delay. All surgical outcomes, including 30-day mortality (0%, n = 0/10 vs 7.1%, n = 1/14;P&gt;0.9999) and all-stroke (0%, n = 0/10 vs 14.3%, n = 2/14;P=0.4928), were not statistically significant between timely and delayed cohorts respectively.

Conclusions
A substantial proportion of patients undergo delayed CEA, with inconclusive associated factors. Those undergoing a delayed CEA did not comparatively have an adverse outcome, but numbers in our study were limited. A larger scale study with increased power is required.
712 Outcomes of Infrainguinal Stents in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Platt N , Poskitt K , Odedra B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Endovascular therapy is an established treatment for peripheral arterial disease. In aortoiliac disease, above the inguinal ligament, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) + stent results in good long-term patency rates[1]. In comparison, long-term patency rates of PTA + stent in femoropopliteal disease, below the inguinal ligament are inferior, despite advancements in stent technology[2]. Multi-level disease is more common, lesions are often longer in length and rates of re-stenosis remain high. There is a paucity of data of long-term outcomes in infrainguinal stents and therefore debate to what the optimal treatment strategy should be[3].

Method
5-year retrospective analysis of 59 patients between 2014 and 2019 in a UK regional vascular centre. Patients with Rutherford Score 3 - 6 were treated by Vascular Surgeons and Interventional Radiologists with PTA + stent. Outcomes included patency at 6, 12, 24, 36 months, need for revascularisation/reintervention, major amputation, and death.

Results
12% of stents occluded at 30 days and 39% of stents occluded at 12 months. 34% patients required further intervention (PTA, femoropopliteal bypass, amputation) and 7 out of 59 (12%) target limbs were amputated.

Conclusions
Whilst PTA + stent demonstrates an effective intervention for a selection of patients, it is evident that further work is required in order to identify the best treatment strategy and most clinically useful outcome measure.
922 Pre-Operative Chest X-Ray Prior To Aneurysm Surgery Is Unnecessary
Authors: Pickering O , Armon M , Atkins E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
Over 4100 elective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) cases are performed each year in the UK. In our tertiary centre the anaesthetic pre-operative protocol for these patients includes a chest x-ray (CXR), because some risk factors for aneurysmal disease (smoking, older age) cross over with those for lung cancer. This study was performed to see if the CXR changed management in AAA patients.

Method
A retrospective radiology review of 191 consecutive patients who had an elective AAA repair at one unit in 2017-2018 was carried out. Computed tomography angiogram (CTA) and CXR findings were compared. Where an abnormality was reported, patient records were reviewed and the impact of the abnormal result on the patient journey assessed.

Results
Of 191 patients, 148 had pre-op CXRs. Of the CXRs, 60 reported abnormalities, most of which were minor (cardiomegaly, atelectasis, reticular shadowing). Of the 60, 28 had no lung abnormalities on CTA, 18 had not had a reported CTA, 8 corresponded with the CTA and 6 had a different chest abnormality reported on the CTA. 2 patients had CTs of the chest following CXR findings and no patients had an operation cancelled or delayed due to findings on CXR.

Conclusions
Each CXR costs around £20 including reporting and administration time. In addition, there is inconvenience to the patient and additional radiation dose. None of the pre-operative CXRs resulted in a change to patient operative management therefore the requirement for pre-operative CXR was removed from the units’ protocol.
1002 Catheter Directed Thrombolysis; Are Poor Quality Referrals Impacting Patient Selection for Treatment?
Authors: Likupe B , Shelmerdine L , Stansby G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
NICE guidelines relating to catheter directed thrombolysis for iliofemoral DVT were renewed in March 2020. These state that patients should be considered if they have: symptoms lasting &lt;14 days, good functional status, a life expectancy of 1 year or more and a low bleeding risk. Anecdotally, we felt the quality of DVT referrals to our tertiary Vascular Centre, were not meeting these guidelines.

Method
Vascular registrar on call handovers between October 2019 and October 2020 were reviewed, identifying 85 referrals for patients with iliofemoral DVT. Referrals were evaluated for the inclusion of information pertaining to the four aforementioned criteria. A search of electronic patient records identified those patients who subsequently received thrombolysis.

Results
Of the 85 patients, 10.6%(n = 9) received thrombolysis. Over 90% (n = 77) of referrals included none or only one of the four criteria. The most frequently included criterion was “days since symptom onset” (n = 41), but this was still fewer than half of referrals (48%). Interestingly, eight patients were noted to have concurrent malignancy with none receiving thrombolysis, although malignancy itself is not a contraindication. Neither functional status nor information relating to life expectancy was included in any of their referrals.

Conclusions
Good quality referrals are essential in aiding clinical decision-making surrounding treatment options for iliofemoral DVT. Our audit revealed the majority of referrals lacked the information NICE guidelines have outlined, revealing a great need for improvement. Future work in this area will look at implementing changes to bring referrals more closely in line with current guidelines.
1701 A Systematic Review of The Use of Stents in The Treatment of Bariatric Surgery Complications
Authors: Barbouti O , Wei J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
41 retrospective observational studies were identified of 792 obese and super obese patients treated with endoscopic stents for bariatric surgery complications including leaks (n = 770) and strictures (n = 22) post-Roux en Y gastric bypass (n = 228) and sleeve gastrectomy (n = 534). The main outcomes of the studies were the percentage success of stent therapy and percentage stent migration. Stents included self-expanding metal stents (SEMS), including partially covered self-expanding metal stents (PcSEMS) and fully covered self-expanding metal stents (FcSEMS). Several SEMS used were specifically designed for bariatric complications, being larger in diameter to reduce migration. The pooled percentage success for all patients (SG and RYGB) was 80.81% with stent migration occurring in 24.67% in all groups. The pooled percentage success for the RYGB group was 80.28% and in the LSG group was 85.86% with percentage migration occurring in 20.65% and 23.82% respectfully.
1528 Pseudotumour from Corrosive Material of Total Hip Replacement: A Rare Complication with an Unusual Presentation
Authors: Ahmed M , Radha S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Total hip replacements have been performed in the UK since the 1960s, with over 280000 primary hip replacements being conducted between January 2017 – December 2019. The formation of pseudotumours is an uncommon and an unusual long-term complication of total hip replacements. Formed by galvanic corrosion of the metal prosthesis, patients can display an array of symptoms. We herein report a rare presentation of unilateral leg oedema in an elderly female, mimicking deep vein thrombosis. Despite normal metal ion levels, radiological investigations revealed an irregular cystic mass extending into the iliac fossa compressing the neurovascular bundle in the groin. The patient underwent complex revision hip surgery with dual mobility hip replacement and an Exeter stem with excision of the pseudotumour. This case highlights the importance of appropriate workup for these patients and the involvement of a multidisciplinary team.
1586 Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials of Intra-operative Surgical Drainage in Oesophagectomy
Authors: Wong C S , Barman S , Tryliskyy Y , Namah D , Zino S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
Three surgical approaches to oesophagus have been described. Drain placement in oesophagectomy remains controversial and is associated with complications. The review evaluates the effectiveness of surgically placed drain after oesophagectomy.

Method
Main electronic databases were searched for studies reported clinical outcomes or effects of cervical (neck), transthoracic (chest) and transabdominal drain placement. The systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and meta-analysis was analysed using fixed and random-effects models.

Results
There were only two randomised controlled trials to date. Neither of these approaches (drain versus no drain) has convincing benefits in any particular oesophagectomy approach in early detection of anastomotic leakage, pleural effusion, and chylothorax nor disadvantages associated with significant morbidity and mortality and prolonged hospital stay.

Conclusions
Surgical drain in oesophagectomy may not confer additional benefit and routine practice of placement is surgeons preferential. The results do not reach statistical significance. Further work is required.
18F-MK-6240 tau-PET in genetic frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Levy Jake P , Bezgin Gleb , Savard Melissa , Pascoal Tharick A , Finger Elizabeth , Laforce Robert , Sonnen Joshua A , Soucy Jean-Paul , Gauthier Serge , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Ducharme Simon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Tau is one of several proteins associated with frontotemporal dementia. While knowing which protein is causing a patient’s disease is crucial, no biomarker currently exists for identifying tau in vivo in frontotemporal dementia. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential for the promising 18F-MK-6240 PET tracer to bind to tau in vivo in genetic frontotemporal dementia.
We enrolled subjects with genetic frontotemporal dementia, who constitute an ideal population for testing because their pathology is already known based on their mutation. Ten participants (three with symptomatic P301L and R406W MAPT mutations expected to show tau binding, three with presymptomatic MAPT mutations and four with non-tau mutations who acted as disease controls) underwent clinical characterization, tau-PET scanning with 18F-MK-6240, amyloid-PET imaging with 18F-NAV-4694 to rule out confounding Alzheimer’s pathology, and high-resolution structural MRI.
Tau-PET scans of all three symptomatic MAPT carriers demonstrated at least mild 18F-MK-6240 binding in expected regions, with particularly strong binding in a subject with an R406W MAPT mutation (known to be associated with Alzheimer’s like neurofibrillary tangles). Two asymptomatic MAPT carriers estimated to be 5 years from disease onset both showed modest 18F-MK-6240 binding, while one ∼30 years from disease onset did not exhibit any binding. Additionally, four individuals with symptomatic frontotemporal dementia caused by a non-tau mutation were scanned (two C9orf72; one GRN; one VCP): 18F-MK-6240 scans were negative for three subjects, while one advanced C9orf72 case showed minimal regionally non-specific binding. All 10 amyloid-PET scans were negative. Furthermore, a general linear model contrasting genetic frontotemporal dementia subjects to a set of 83 age-matched controls showed significant binding only in the MAPT carriers in selected frontal, temporal and subcortical regions.
In summary, our findings demonstrate mild but significant binding of MK-6240 in amyloid-negative P301L and R406W MAPT mutation subjects, with higher standardized uptake value ratio in the R406W mutation associated with the presence of NFTs, and little non-specific binding. These results highlight that a positive 18F-MK-6240 tau-PET does not necessarily imply a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and point towards a potential use for 18F-MK-6240 as a biomarker in certain tauopathies beyond Alzheimer’s, although further patient recruitment and autopsy studies will be necessary to determine clinical applicability.
Variants in ATP6V0A1 cause progressive myoclonus epilepsy and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Bott Laura C , Forouhan Mitra , Lieto Maria , Sala Ambre J , Ellerington Ruth , Johnson Janel O , Speciale Alfina A , Criscuolo Chiara , Filla Alessandro , Chitayat David , Alkhunaizi Ebba , Shannon Patrick , Nemeth Andrea H ,   Italian Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Taruscio Domenica , Salvatore Marco , Polizzi Agata , Censi Federica , Floridia Giovanna , Novelli Giuseppe , Daina Erica , Ferlini Alessandra , Neri Marcella , Roccatello Dario , Baldovino Simone , Menegatti Elisa , Angelucci Francesco , Lim Wooi Fang , Striano Pasquale , Zara Federico , Helbig Ingo , Muona Mikko , Courage Carolina , Lehesjoki Anna-Elina , Berkovic Samuel F ,   ATPase Consortium, Pinnell Nancy , Reed Dallas , Turnpenny Peter D , Eason Jacqueline , Fleming Leah , McWalter Kirsty , Juliette Kali , Benke Paul J , Ortiz-Gonzalez Xilma , Mckeown Sarah , Patel Amisha B , Osmond Matthew , Walia Jagdeep S , Jiao Xianru , Yang Zhixian , Keren Boris , Perrine Charles , Deshwar Ashish , Fischbeck Kenneth H , Brancati Francesco , Morimoto Richard I , Wood Matthew J A , Rinaldi Carlo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The vacuolar H+-ATPase is a large multi-subunit proton pump, composed of an integral membrane V0 domain, involved in proton translocation, and a peripheral V1 domain, catalysing ATP hydrolysis. This complex is widely distributed on the membrane of various subcellular organelles, such as endosomes and lysosomes, and plays a critical role in cellular processes ranging from autophagy to protein trafficking and endocytosis. Variants in ATP6V0A1, the brain-enriched isoform in the V0 domain, have been recently associated with developmental delay and epilepsy in four individuals. Here, we identified 17 individuals from 14 unrelated families with both with new and previously characterized variants in this gene, representing the largest cohort to date. Five affected subjects with biallelic variants in this gene presented with a phenotype of early-onset progressive myoclonus epilepsy with ataxia, while 12 individuals carried de novo missense variants and showed severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. The R740Q mutation, which alone accounts for almost 50% of the mutations identified among our cases, leads to failure of lysosomal hydrolysis by directly impairing acidification of the endolysosomal compartment, causing autophagic dysfunction and severe developmental defect in Caenorhabditis elegans. Altogether, our findings further expand the neurological phenotype associated with variants in this gene and provide a direct link with endolysosomal acidification in the pathophysiology of ATP6V0A1-related conditions.
OBO Foundry in 2021: operationalizing open data principles to evaluate ontologies
Authors: Jackson Rebecca , Matentzoglu Nicolas , Overton James A , Vita Randi , Balhoff James P , Buttigieg Pier Luigi , Carbon Seth , Courtot Melanie , Diehl Alexander D , Dooley Damion M , Duncan William D , Harris Nomi L , Haendel Melissa A , Lewis Suzanna E , Natale Darren A , Osumi-Sutherland David , Ruttenberg Alan , Schriml Lynn M , Smith Barry , Stoeckert Jr. Christian J , Vasilevsky Nicole A , Walls Ramona L , Zheng Jie , Mungall Christopher J , Peters Bjoern 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Biological ontologies are used to organize, curate and interpret the vast quantities of data arising from biological experiments. While this works well when using a single ontology, integrating multiple ontologies can be problematic, as they are developed independently, which can lead to incompatibilities. The Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) Foundry was created to address this by facilitating the development, harmonization, application and sharing of ontologies, guided by a set of overarching principles. One challenge in reaching these goals was that the OBO principles were not originally encoded in a precise fashion, and interpretation was subjective. Here, we show how we have addressed this by formally encoding the OBO principles as operational rules and implementing a suite of automated validation checks and a dashboard for objectively evaluating each ontology’s compliance with each principle. This entailed a substantial effort to curate metadata across all ontologies and to coordinate with individual stakeholders. We have applied these checks across the full OBO suite of ontologies, revealing areas where individual ontologies require changes to conform to our principles. Our work demonstrates how a sizable, federated community can be organized and evaluated on objective criteria that help improve overall quality and interoperability, which is vital for the sustenance of the OBO project and towards the overall goals of making data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR).
Database URL http://obofoundry.org/
Spatial Distribution of Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Rice
Authors: Mulcahy Megan M , Wilson Blake E , Reagan Thomas E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a destructive insect pest of rice in the United States. The pruning of rice roots by L. oryzophilus larvae can cause up to 25% yield loss. Currently, insecticidal seed treatments are used in the Louisiana rice industry as a pre-emptive means of controlling this weevil species. Our objective was to gain a better understanding of the spatial distribution of L. oryzophilus in Louisiana rice fields. Thirteen untreated commercial rice fields in Louisiana were mapped using GPS software, and surveyed for L. oryzophilus larvae over two years (2017 and 2018). An ANOVA, spatial interpolation, hotspot analysis, and multiple linear regression were used to determine where populations of L. oryzophilus were concentrated and whether distributions of the pest were related to edge effects. The results showed that L. oryzophilus larvae are typically aggregated along the edges of rice fields, with populations decreasing toward the center of rice fields. Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus densities were 3.3- and 2.2- fold greater along field edges than in field centers in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Hotspot spatial analysis revealed 59% and 32% of low-density clusters occurred at or near field centers, respectively. Multiple linear regression revealed larval densities decline with increasing distance from overwintering sites and alternative habitats (such as tree lines and levees containing bunch grasses and other alternative noncrop plants). These results suggest potential for insecticidal seed treatments to be applied selectively within rice fields to control this pest.