bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling quantum wave packet of electronic motion on field‐dressed Coulomb potential of by carrier‐envelope phase‐dependent strong field laser pulses
Authors: Daud Mohammad Noh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSolving numerically a non‐Born‐Oppenheimer time‐dependent Schrödinger equation to study the dynamics of H2 subjected to strong field six‐cycle laser pulses ( W/cm2, nm) leads to the newly ultrafast electron imaging in the dissociative‐ionization of . This includes the electron distribution in oscillates symmetrically with laser cycle with periodicity where the distribution concentrates between two protons for about 8 fs, being trapped in a Coulomb potential well. Nonetheless, the most important finding reveals that the electron symmetrical distribution begins to break up in the field‐free region after 24 fs when the internuclear distance stretches larger than 9 a.u. It is a result of the distortion of Coulomb potential where the ejected electron preferentially localizes in one of the double‐well potential separated by the inner Coulomb potential barrier, leading to the new images of charge resonance enhanced ionization. Controlling laser carrier‐envelope phase enables one to quantify such phenomena with the highest total asymmetries of 0.75 and −0.75 occur at and , respectively, associated with the electron preferential directionality being ionized to the right and the left paths along the molecular axis.
Early Recognition Method: ‘Opening Doors’ in Risk Management Dialogue Between Mental Health and Prison Services
Authors: Fluttert Frans , Eidhammer Gunnar , Dale Karl Yngvar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn secured institutions, which include prison services, violence between clients or towards staff has a major impact, eliciting feelings of stress, anger and fear for those involved. In this chapter we explain how violence can be understood as a complexity of multiple factors, and why a structured risk management strategy is necessary to adequately assess and manage violence. We describe specifically the Early Recognition Method (ERM) as a step-wise forward strategy aiming to identify, formulate and manage early warning signs of violence and allows a risk management dialogue to develop between prison staff and inmates. The ERM-dialogue strategy has successfully been developed and applied in forensic psychiatry and in this chapter we explore how, in a process of innovation, the knowledge and research of the ERM-applied in forensic services, has been transferred to prison services. The ‘multivoicedness’ of the ERM is explored through the theoretical concept of the ‘Self’
Avenues of Opportunity: Journeys of Activities Through Third Sector Organisations
Authors: Turner-Wilson Angela , Dearborn Stuart , Bullen Catherine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis chapter discusses a social anthropological research study that considers the place of third sector organisations (TSOs) in society, particularly for those who have been in contact with the criminal justice services. The work is based on insights from journeys through Norway, and to a lesser extent the UK, captured as narratives by a TSO caseworker in partnership with other research team members. The insights were drawn from interactions with those along the journey such as ex-prisoners, volunteers, charity workers, members of religious communities and so forth. What these revealed were the many and sometimes hidden universes that exist in and outside TSOs. This chapter offers deep and sometimes different perspectives, asking the reader to consider the range of opportunities TSOs can offer and sets these against concepts of self and other, place, boundary crossing and organisational learning. The work speaks to those seeking to reintegrate into society after prison, their families, significant others, professional practitioners, students and academics, and although primarily based around Norway, the content resonates internationally.
Reflecting on Researcher/Practice Relationships in Prison Research: A Contact Hypothesis Lens
Authors: Hean Sarah , Skippervik Liv Jorunn , Heslop Richard , Stevens Caroline 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInteractions between researchers and professionals need to be carefully managed in the criminal justice context. This chapter explores the utility of the theoretical lens of the contact hypothesis as a means to understand and improve these relations. The COLAB consortium is used as a case study of a typical partnership between professionals in practice and researchers in academia to illustrate this. We use the reflections of four of its members from both professional and researcher European institutions to explore how the conditions of contact proposed by the contact hypothesis may have impacted on the experiences of participants. Strategies through which these relations can be optimised in the interest of prison research, but also the care and management of people in contact with the criminal justice system, are proposed.
“Living with” Interagency Collaboration—Three Sustaining Practices
Authors: Murphy Tine , Aakjær Marie , Pallesen Eva , Rosenberg Charlotte 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInteragency collaboration is increasingly prevalent in welfare contexts due to the current pressure for integrating different professional domains around desired effects on citizens’ life and well-being. In the context of prison service this is equally important, due to the complexity in the constellation of actors that come into contact with a citizen before, during and after imprisonment. Drawing on a combination of neo-institutional theory (DiMaggio & Powell in The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 1991) and sensemaking theory (Weick in Sensemaking in Organizations. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, 1995), we investigate an example of how “the Norwegian import model” enables actors to make sense of their work in a way that enables a practice of “living with” contradictions. Based on empirical data produced as part of the COLAB project, this chapter analyses the interagency collaboration of staff and management in a Norwegian low-security prison where professionals target the inmates’ education, health care, sports & leisure, faith and social services. The chapter identifies some key local practices, which underpin the collaboration across sectors and professions. These three practices are narrative practices, practices related to tools and documents, and shared meetings.
Toward a Science of Augmented Agency
Authors: Bryant Peter T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo supervise and enjoy the benefits of digitalization, humanity must develop the science of augmented agency. This future science will be multidisciplinary, joining the human and computer sciences, as well as neuroscience and related fields of human science and engineering, but also going further. In fact, the novelties of digital augmentation transcend the conceptual architecture of modernity and its problematics. Digitalized humanity is truly exceptional. To describe these phenomena, science needs fresh concepts, categories, and constructs. This chapter offers proposals in this regard. It maps the emerging field of augmented agency, its core categories, mechanisms, and dilemmas, and thereby looks forward to a new science of digitally augmented agency.
Evaluation of Performance
Authors: Bryant Peter T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAgents evaluate their performances to assess progress, learn, and improve. In doing so, they refer to criteria of various kinds. Some criteria are deeply encoded in mental models, organizational procedures, or cultural norms and logics, while other evaluative criteria are adaptive and may upregulate or downregulate, depending on the agent’s goals, expectations, and context. Here, too, digitalization is transformative. Artificial agents bring unprecedented power to the evaluation of performance, including the rapid intra-cyclical evaluation of ongoing processes. These mechanisms support feedforward guidance in real time. Therefore, when human and artificial agents combine in the evaluation of augmented performance, they face additional risks. Artificial evaluative processing could be fast and precise, while at the same time, human evaluation may be relatively sluggish and imprecise. Overall evaluations of performance could be distorted and dysfunctional.
What is Leading Order for LFV in SMEFT?
Authors: Ardu Marco , Davidson Sacha 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Upcoming searches for lepton flavour change (LFV) aim to probe New Physics (NP) scales up to ΛNP ∼ 104 TeV, implying that they will be sensitive to NP at lower scales that is suppressed by loops or small couplings. We suppose that the NP responsable for LFV is beyond the reach of the LHC and can be parametrised in Effective Field Theory, introduce a small power-counting parameter λ (à la Cabibbo-Wolfenstein), and assess whether the existing dimension six operator basis and one-loop RGEs provide a good approximation for LFV. We find that μ ↔ e observables can be sensitive to a few dozen dimension eight operators, and to some effects of two-loop anomalous dimensions, for ΛNP ≲ 20 − 100 TeV. We also explore the effect of some simplifying assumptions in the one-loop RGEs, such as neglecting flavour-changing effects.
The hardest halfspace
Authors: Sherstov Alexander A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe study the approximation of halfspaces $$h:\{0,1\}^n\to\{0,1\}$$

h
:

{
0
,
1
}

n

→

{
0
,
1
}

in the
infinity norm by polynomials and rational functions of any given degree.
Our main result is an explicit construction of the “hardest” halfspace,
for which we prove polynomial and rational approximation lower bounds
that match the trivial upper bounds achievable for all halfspaces.
This completes a lengthy line of work started by Myhill and Kautz
(1961). As an application, we construct a communication problem that achieves
essentially the largest possible separation, of O(n) versus $$2^{-\Omega(n)}$$

2

-
Ω
(
n
)

,
between the sign-rank and discrepancy. Equivalently, our problem exhibits
a gap of log n versus $$\Omega(n)$$

Ω
(
n
)

between the communication complexity
with unbounded versus weakly unbounded error, improving
quadratically on previous constructions and completing a line of work
started by Babai, Frankl, and Simon (FOCS 1986). Our results further
generalize to the k-party number-on-the-forehead model, where we
obtain an explicit separation of log n versus $$\Omega(n/4^{n})$$

Ω
(
n
/

4
n

)

for communication with unbounded versus weakly unbounded error.
Multidisziplinäre Diagnostik von Entwicklungsstörungen: Grundlage der „personalized precision medicine“
Authors: Wortmann S. B. , Preisel M. , Feichtinger R. G. , Floride E. , Koch J. , Kleber N. , Kranewitter K. , Rauscher C. , Spenger J. , Steinbrücker K. , Sperl W. , Weghuber D. , Mayr J. A. 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Spektrum der Entwicklungsstörungen gehört zum Alltag des Facharztes für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin. Durch den zunehmenden Einsatz von „Next-generation sequencing“-Methoden in den letzten 10 Jahren werden die genetischen Hintergründe besser verstanden. Hiermit eröffnen sich Möglichkeiten in der Routinediagnostik und auch für pathomechanismusbasierte individuelle Therapieansätze („personalized precision medicine“). Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die patientenzentrierte Einbettung einer multidisziplinären Tagesklinik („Murmeltiersprechstunde“) zu zeit- und ressourcensparender Diagnostik und Behandlung von Entwicklungsstörungen. Bei 43 an der Murmeltiersprechstunde teilnehmenden Kindern (Durchschnittsalter 4,9 Jahre) mit einer Entwicklungsstörung konnte in 24 Fällen (56 %) eine pathogene Variante in einem bereits bekannten Krankheitsgen, in 4 weiteren Fällen (12 %) in einem Kandidatengen gefunden werden und somit eine Diagnose gestellt werden. Hierdurch konnte in 6 Fällen (14 %) eine pathomechanismusbasierte Therapie erfolgreich eingeleitet werden. Die durchschnittliche Dauer zwischen der Aufnahme in der Tagesklinik und der Befundmitteilung betrug 6 Monate. Die Murmeltiersprechstunde zeigt, wie „personalized precision medicine“ in den Alltag einer Kinderklinik eingebaut werden kann und direkten Einfluss auf die Behandlung hat.
Nearest $$\varOmega $$-stable matrix via Riemannian optimization
Authors: Noferini Vanni , Poloni Federico 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe study the problem of finding the nearest $$\varOmega $$
Ω
-stable matrix to a certain matrix A, i.e., the nearest matrix with all its eigenvalues in a prescribed closed set $$\varOmega $$
Ω
. Distances are measured in the Frobenius norm. An important special case is finding the nearest Hurwitz or Schur stable matrix, which has applications in systems theory. We describe a reformulation of the task as an optimization problem on the Riemannian manifold of orthogonal (or unitary) matrices. The problem can then be solved using standard methods from the theory of Riemannian optimization. The resulting algorithm is remarkably fast on small-scale and medium-scale matrices, and returns directly a Schur factorization of the minimizer, sidestepping the numerical difficulties associated with eigenvalues with high multiplicity.
Formation and fragmentation of doubly and triply charged ions in the negative ion spectra of neutral N-glycans from viral and other glycoproteins
Authors: Harvey David J. , Struwe Weston B. , Behrens Anna-Janina , Vasiljevic Snezana , Crispin Max 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStructural determination ofN-glycans by mass spectrometry is ideally performed by negative ion collision-induced dissociation because the spectra are dominated by cross-ring fragments leading to ions that reveal structural details not available by many other methods. Most glycans form [M – H]-or [M + adduct]-ions but larger ones (above approx.m/z2000) typically form doubly charged ions. Differences have been reported between the fragmentation of singly and doubly charged ions but a detailed comparison does not appear to have been reported. In addition to [M + adduct]-ions (this paper uses phosphate as the adduct) other doubly, triply, and quadruply charged ions of composition [Mn+ (H2PO4)n]n-have been observed in mixtures ofN-glycans released from viral and other glycoproteins. This paper explores the formation and fragmentation of these different types of multiply charged ions with particular reference to the presence of diagnostic fragments in the CID spectra and comments on how these ions can be used to characterize these glycans.Graphical abstract
Barriers to Evidence‐Based Colorectal Cancer Care in Ukraine
Authors: Lu Pamela W. , Semeniv Solomiia , Shabat Galyna , Welten Vanessa , Pylypchuk Volodymyr I. , Galyuk Volodymyr , Fields Adam C. , Melnitchouk Nelya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in many low‐ to middle‐income countries, including Ukraine. Ukraine reports high mortality rates in CRC patients. To identify potential areas for targeted interventions to improve CRC care in Ukraine, we investigated Ukrainian clinician perspectives on evidence‐based CRC treatment guidelines.MethodsAn explanatory sequential mixed‐methods study design was used. A survey was administered to attendees of a regional surgical conference. Semi‐structured interviews were subsequently performed with practicing clinicians in Ukraine. Interviews were coded to identify prominent themes.ResultsQuantitative: 105 clinicians completed the survey. 76% of respondents reported using guidelines in daily practice. Lack of English proficiency was cited by 28.6% of respondents as a barrier to guideline use. Improved knowledge and additional financial resources were reported as factors that would be helpful in providing evidence‐based care.Quantitative15 clinicians were interviewed. Two major themes were identified: limitations in access to the medical literature resources (language barriers and financial barriers), and sense of clinician initiative and willingness to learn despite hardships.ConclusionsClinicians in Ukraine have positive perspectives on utilization of evidence‐based CRC treatment guidelines. However, they face major barriers in accessing resources needed to keep up‐to‐date on the current literature. Fortunately, there exists both willingness and initiative on the clinician level to pursue continuing education. Efforts should be made on the international society level to improve open‐access and foreign language translation availability to support physicians in Ukraine and other low‐ to middle‐income countries.
Viable and Heat-Killed Probiotic Strains Improve Oral Immunity by Elevating the IgA Concentration in the Oral Mucosa
Authors: Lin Wen-Yang , Kuo Yi-Wei , Chen Ching-Wei , Huang Yu-Fen , Hsu Chen-Hung , Lin Jia-Hung , Liu Cheng-Ruei , Chen Jui-Fen , Hsia Ko-Chiang , Ho Hsieh-Hsun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOral-nasal mucosal immunity plays a crucial role in protecting the body against bacterial and viral invasion. Safe probiotic products have been used to enhance human immunity and oral health. In this study, we verified the beneficial effects of mixed viable probiotic tablets, consisting ofLactobacillus salivariussubsp.saliciniusAP-32,Bifidobacterium animalissubsp.lactisCP-9, andLactobacillus paracaseiET-66, and heat-killed probiotic tablets, consisting ofL. salivariussubsp.saliciniusAP-32 andL. paracaseiET-66, on oral immunity among 45 healthy participants. Participants were randomly divided into viable probiotic, heat-killed probiotic, and placebo groups. The administration of treatment lasted for 4 weeks. Saliva samples were collected at Weeks 0, 2, 4, and 6, andLactobacillus,BifidobacteriumandStreptococcus mutanspopulations and IgA concentration were measured. IgA concentrations, levels of TGF-beta and IL-10 in PBMCs cells were quantified by ELISA method. Results showed that salivary IgA levels were significantly increased on administration of both the viable (119.30 ± 12.63%, ***P < 0.001) and heat-killed (116.78 ± 12.28%, ***P < 0.001) probiotics for 4 weeks. Among three probiotic strains, AP-32 would effectively increase the levels of TGF-beta and IL-10 in PBMCs. The oral pathogenStreptococcus mutanswas significantly reduced on viable probiotic tablet administration (49.60 ± 31.01%, ***P < 0.001). The in vitro antibacterial test confirmed that viable probiotics effectively limited the survival rate of oral pathogens. Thus, this clinical pilot study demonstrated that oral probiotic tablets both in viable form or heat-killed form could exert beneficial effects on oral immunity via IL-10, TGB-beta mediated IgA secretion. The effective dosage of viable probiotic content in the oral tablet was 109CFUs/g and the heat-killed oral tablet was 1 × 1010cells/g.
Maschinelle Intelligenz – Evolution oder Lebensqualität
Authors: Österle Hubert 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDie maschinelle Intelligenz durchdringt und verändert alle Lebensbereiche. Die Integration der digitalen Services in Superapps verschiebt die Macht von Individuen, von konventionellen Unternehmen und von Staaten hin zu Internetgiganten, die ihre Ressourcen dafür einsetzen, die digitalen Dienste so weiterzuentwickeln, dass ihr Kapital und ihre Macht weiterwachsen. Auf diese Weise treibt das Kapital die soziotechnische Evolution.Konsumerismus, psychische Erkrankungen, Wohlstandskrankheiten, politische Polarisierung, Machtverschiebung zu Konzernen u. a., negative Konsequenzen einer rein kapitalgetriebenen Entwicklung verlangen nach Steuerungsmechanismen im Sinne der Lebensqualität. Die riesigen Datensammlungen der digitalen Dienste ermöglichen es, die Treiber der Lebensqualität besser verstehen zu lernen, messbar zu machen und damit die soziotechnische Evolution zum Wohle der Menschen zu lenken. Darin liegen die Chancen einer Disziplin Life Engineering.
Arresting chromosome replication upon energy starvation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Charbon Godefroid , Frimodt-Møller Jakob , Løbner-Olesen Anders 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMost organisms possess several cell cycle checkpoints to preserve genome stability in periods of stress. Upon starvation, the absence of chromosomal duplication in the bacterium Escherichia coli is ensured by holding off commencement of replication. During normal growth, accumulation of the initiator protein DnaA along with cell cycle changes in its activity, ensure that DNA replication starts only once per cell cycle. Upon nutrient starvation, the prevailing model is that an arrest in DnaA protein synthesis is responsible for the absence of initiation. Recent indications now suggest that DnaA degradation may also play a role. Here we comment on the implications of this potential new layer of regulation.
Sex differences in brain atrophy and cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease patients with and without probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Oltra Javier , Segura Barbara , Uribe Carme , Monté-Rubio Gemma C. , Campabadal Anna , Inguanzo Anna , Pardo Jèssica , Marti Maria J. , Compta Yaroslau , Valldeoriola Francesc , Iranzo Alex , Junque Carme 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The presence of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) contributes to increase cognitive impairment and brain atrophy in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the impact of sex is unclear. We aimed to investigate sex differences in cognition and brain atrophy in PD patients with and without probable RBD (pRBD).

Methods
Magnetic resonance imaging and cognition data were obtained for 274 participants from the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative database: 79 PD with pRBD (PD-pRBD; male/female, 54/25), 126 PD without pRBD (PD-non pRBD; male/female, 73/53), and 69 healthy controls (male/female, 40/29). FreeSurfer was used to obtain volumetric and cortical thickness data.

Results
Males showed greater global cortical and subcortical gray matter atrophy than females in the PD-pRBD group. Significant group-by-sex interactions were found in the pallidum. Structures showing a within-group sex effect in the deep gray matter differed, with significant volume reductions for males in one structure in in PD-non pRBD (brainstem), and three in PD-pRBD (caudate, pallidum and brainstem). Significant group-by-sex interactions were found in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Symbol Digits Modalities Test (SDMT). Males performed worse than females in MoCA, phonemic fluency and SDMT in the PD-pRBD group.

Conclusion
Male sex is related to increased cognitive impairment and subcortical atrophy in de novo PD-pRBD. Accordingly, we suggest that sex differences are relevant and should be considered in future clinical and translational research.