bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ПРОДУКТИВНЫЕ И НЕКОТОРЫЕ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ГЕНОФОНДНОЙ ПОРОДЫ СКОТА САЛЕРС В УСЛОВИЯХ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ
Authors: Sheveleva Olga M. , Chasovshchikova Marina A. , Sukhanova Svetlana F. 
Published: April 2021

Развитие мясного скотоводства определяется породным составом животных, поэтому изучение продуктивных качеств в период адаптации породы салерс в условиях Западной Сибири представляет научный и практический интерес.
Материал и методы. Изучены продуктивные качества и экстерьер коров породы салерс в возрасте 3, 4 и 5 лет, принадлежащих к разным эколого-географическим генерациям (от нулевой до пятой). Живая масса определялась при взвешивании животных, экстерьер изучен при измерении животных и вычислением индексов телосложения. Исследования крови – по методике В.Т. Самохина, П.Е. Петрова, И.М. Белякова и др. (1981). Исследования микросателлитной ДНК проведены по 15 локусам, экспериментальный материал обработан методом вариационной статистики (Н.А. Плохинский, 1969) с использованием программного приложения Microsoft Excel.
Результаты. Установлено, что новые эколого-географические условия не сказались отрицательно на живой массе и экстерьере животных. У коров при разведении в условиях Западной Сибири произошло уменьшение роста и ширины груди. При изучении морфологического и биохимического состава крови коров разных генераций существенных отличий по содержанию эритроцитов, лейкоцитов и гемоглобина между генерациями не выявлено. Наибольшей полиморфностью характеризовались локусы TGLA 227 и INRA 23, включающие по 10 эффективных аллелей. Уровень ожидаемой гетерозиготности обследованных локусов высокий и составляет – 0,834.
Заключение. Таким образом, разведение крупного рогатого скота породы салерс в условиях Западной Сибири не сказалось отрицательно на продуктивных и биологических особенностях животных этой породы, поэтому можно рекомендовать эту породу для более широкого разведения в Западной Сибири.
Medicalização, bioeconomia e processos de subjetivação: algumas considerações sobre a governamentalidade neoliberal no mercado de saúde
Authors: Lemos Flávia Cristina Silveira , Galindo Dolores , Rodrigues Renata Vilela 
Published: April 2021

Neste ensaio, de natureza teórica, discutimos a medicalização da vida, em sua faceta neoliberal, e como esta se efetua em práticas que visam potencializar processos de subjetivação conduzem à formação de biocidadãos empreendedores de si e endividados. Para tal, as reflexões se pautam por contribuições de Michel Foucault e por contribuições recentes a respeito da bioeconomia e processos de subjetivação. Argumentamos que em confluência com as reflexões sobre biocapital e capital vivo, o governo da vida medicalizada requer uma dimensão produtiva e de capitalização subjetiva necessária à engrenagem neoliberal.
Evaluation of the safety of inter-hospital transfers of critically ill patients led by advanced critical care practitioners
Authors: Denton Gavin , Green Lindsay , Palmer Marion , Jones Anita , Quinton Sarah , Simmons Andrew , Choyce Andrew , Higgins Daniel , Arora Nitin 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Ten thousand inter-hospital transfers of critically ill adults take place annually in the UK. Studies highlight deficiencies in experience and training of staff, equipment, stabilisation before departure, and logistical difficulties. This article is a quality improvement review of an advanced critical care practitioner (ACCP)-led inter-hospital transfer service. Methods: The tool Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence was used as the format for the review, combined with clinical audit of advanced critical care practitioner-led transfers over a period of more than 3 years. Results: The transfer service has operated for 8 years; ACCPs conducted 934 critical care transfers of mechanically ventilated patients, including 286 inter-hospital transfers, between January 2017 and September 2020. The acuity of transfer patients was high, 82.2% required support of more than one organ, 49% required more than 50% oxygen. Uneventful transfer occurred in 81.4% of cases; the most common patient-related complication being hypotension, logistical issues were responsible for half of the complications. Conclusion: This quality improvement project provides an example of safe and effective advanced practice in an area that is traditionally a medically led domain. ACCPs can provide an alternative process of care for critically ill adults who require external transfer, and a benchmark for audit and quality improvement.
Use of dry dressings for central venous access devices (CVADs) to decrease central line-associated blood stream infections (CLABSI) in a trauma intensive care unit (ICU)
Authors: Paquet France , Morlese Janette , Frenette Charles 
Published: April 2021

This article reports the results of a pre-post study conducted in a trauma-medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU) regarding dressings of central venous access devices (CVADs) for the reduction of central line-associated blood stream infection (CLABSI) and improvement of adherence and integrity of the dressing. Available evidence indicates that dry dressings changed every 48 hours are equivalent to transparent dressings, changed when soiled or loose, or routinely every seven days. In our intensive care unit, where the majority of CVADs are inserted in the internal jugular vein and where there is an important usage of cervical collars, we questioned if dry dressings would be more appropriate than transparent dressings. Results: In the 12 months following the change in practice, we noted a CLABSI reduction from 2.36/1,000 catheter days to zero, improvement in dressing audits from 19.61% to 85.34% of clean dressings (P=0.00001) and 62.75% to 90.58% of adherent dressings. Conclusion: In this pre-post study, a simple change in dressing type was implemented, resulting in a significant reduction in the CLABSI rate.
<p><strong>The Nearctic species <em>Shipsa rotunda</em> (Claassen, 1923) (Plecoptera: Nemouridae)</strong></p><p class="Address"> </p>
Authors: GRUBBS SCOTT A. , BAUMANN RICHARD W. 
Published: April 2021

The morphological concept of Nearctic Shipsa rotunda (Claassen, 1923) (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) was reviewed based on examination of adult males and adult females from across the extensive range of this species. Reproductive terminalia were studied with scanning electron microscopy from five locations, three from Canada and two from the USA. Despite the wide distribution, there is little morphological variation exhibited by males and females. New records are noted for one Canadian province and six US states. Scanning electronic and standard light microscopy images plus a dot distribution map based on museum and valid literature data are provided. Key words: Plecoptera, Nemouridae, Shipsa rotunda, United States, Canada, stoneflies
Optical frequency comb and picosecond pulse generation based on a directly modulated microcavity laser
Authors: Wu Ji-Liang , Wang Ting , Yang Yue-De , Xiao Jin-Long , Huang Yong-Zhen 
Published: April 2021

Optical frequency comb (OFC) and picosecond pulse generation are demonstrated experimentally based on a directly modulated AlGaInAs/InP square microcavity laser. With the merit of a high electro-optics modulation response of the microcavity laser, power-efficient OFCs with good flatness are produced. Ten 8-GHz-spaced optical tones with power fluctuation less than 3 dB are obtained based on the laser modulated by a sinusoidal signal. Moreover, the comb line number is enhanced to 20 by eliminating the nonlinear dynamics through optical injection locking. Owing to the high coherence of the OFC originating from the directly modulated microcavity laser, a 6.8 ps transform-limited pulse is obtained through dispersion compensation. The optical pulse is further compressed to 1.3 ps through the self-phase modulation effect in high nonlinear fiber.
Generation of few-cycle pulses from a mode-locked Tm-doped fiber laser
Authors: Wang Jinzhang , Lai Weiyu , Wei Kun , Yang Kuilei , Zhu Huiye , Zheng Zhijian , Guo Chunyu , Ruan Shuangchen , Yan Peiguang 
Published: April 2021

We report a compact, self-starting dispersion-managed mode-locked thulium-doped fiber oscillator that delivers 2.6 nJ pulses at 2 µm with a repetition rate of 250 MHz. The average output power and spectral bandwidth of the pulses reach impressive values of 648 mW and 103 nm, respectively. The generated pulses are near linearly chirped, capable of linearly compressing to 74 fs in a normal dispersion fiber after power attenuation. Using a nonlinear fiber compression scheme can even compress the pulses to 29 fs (4.3-cycle). The remaining pulse energy is 1.15 nJ, and the corresponding peak power is estimated as 39.4 kW. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of nonlinearly compressing the pulse of a 2 µm fiber oscillator to the sub-5 cycle regime. Such a few-cycle fiber laser could be an ideal candidate source for short-wavelength mid-infrared frequency metrology and molecular spectroscopy applications.
Seroprevalence of Chikungunya virus and living conditions in Feira de Santana, Bahia-Brazil
Authors: Teixeira Maria Glória , Skalinski Lacita Menezes , Paixão Enny S. , Costa Maria da Conceição N. , Barreto Florisneide Rodrigues , Campos Gubio Soares , Sardi Silvia Ines , Carvalho Rejane Hughes , Natividade Marcio , Itaparica Martha , Dias Juarez Pereira , Trindade Soraya Castro , Teixeira Bárbara Pereira , Morato Vanessa , Santana Eloisa Bahia , Goes Cristina Borges , Silva Neuza Santos de Jesus , Santos Carlos Antonio de Souza Teles , Rodrigues Laura C. , Whitworth Jimmy 
Published: April 2021

Background
Chikungunya is an arbovirus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, which emerged in the Americas in 2013 and spread rapidly to almost every country on this continent. In Brazil, where the first cases were detected in 2014, it currently has reached all regions of this country and more than 900,000 cases were reported. The clinical spectrum of chikungunya ranges from an acute self-limiting form to disabling chronic forms. The purpose of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of chikungunya infection in a large Brazilian city and investigate the association between viral circulation and living condition.

Methodology/principal findings
We conducted a population-based ecological study in selected Sentinel Areas (SA) through household interviews and a serologic survey in 2016/2017. The sample was of 1,981 individuals randomly selected. The CHIKV seroprevalence was 22.1% (17.1 IgG, 2.3 IgM, and 1.4 IgG and IgM) and varied between SA from 2.0% to 70.5%. The seroprevalence was significantly lower in SA with high living conditions compared to SA with low living condition. There was a positive association between CHIKV seroprevalence and population density (r = 0.2389; p = 0.02033).

Conclusions/significance
The seroprevalence in this city was 2.6 times lower than the 57% observed in a study conducted in the epicentre of the CHIKV epidemic of this same urban centre. So, the herd immunity in this general population, after four years of circulation of this agent is relatively low. It indicates that CHIKV transmission may persist in that city, either in endemic form or in the form of a new epidemic, because the vector infestation is persistent. Besides, the significantly lower seroprevalences in SA of higher Living Condition suggest that beyond the surveillance of the disease, vector control and specific actions of basic sanitation, the reduction of the incidence of this infection also depends on the improvement of the general living conditions of the population.
Development of an integrated, holistic care package for people with lymphoedema for use at the level of the Primary Health Care Unit in Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Abraham , Semrau Maya , Ali Oumer , Kinfe Mersha , Tamiru Mossie , Fekadu Abebaw , Davey Gail 
Published: April 2021

Background
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are a group of several communicable and non-communicable diseases prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas. The co-endemicity of these diseases, the similarity of their clinical signs, and the need to maximize limited financial and human resources suggest the importance of adoptingan integratedapproach to their prevention and treatment.

Aims
This study describes the development of a comprehensive package of physical, mental health and psychosocial care for people with lower-limb lymphoedema caused bypodoconiosis, lymphatic filariasis (LF)or leprosy as part of the EnDPoINT program in Ethiopia.

Method
The care package was developed using a mixed-methods approach, consisting of a literature review, situational analysis, Theory of Change (ToC) workshops, qualitative research, and additional workshops to fine-tune the draft care package. The care package was developed between March 2018 and January 2020 in Addis Ababa and the implementation research site, Awi zone in the North-West of Ethiopia.

Results
The holistic care package includes components implemented at three levels of the health care system:health organization, facility, and community. Sections of the care package are directed at strengthening capacity building, program management, community engagement, awareness-raising, stigma-reduction, morbidity management, disability prevention, follow-up visits, referral linkage, community-based rehabilitation, and monitoring and evaluation.

Conclusions
The study developed a holistic integrated care package for lower limb disorder and co-morbid mental health problems caused by podoconiosis, LF or leprosy. The approach has the potential to significantly reduce lower limb disorder-associated morbidity, disability, and psychosocial problems. It also standardizes a scalable approach appropriate for the Ethiopian setting and, most likely, other countries where these NTDs are present.
Serious adverse reactions associated with ivermectin: A systematic pharmacovigilance study in sub-Saharan Africa and in the rest of the World
Authors: Campillo Jérémy T. , Boussinesq Michel , Bertout Sébastien , Faillie Jean-Luc , Chesnais Cédric B. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundIvermectin is known to cause severe encephalopathies in subjects infected with loiasis, an endemic parasite in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In addition, case reports have described ivermectin-related serious adverse drug reactions (sADRs) such as toxidermias, hepatic and renal disorders. The aim of this study was to identify suspected sADRs reported after ivermectin administration in VigiBase, the World Health Organization’s global individual case safety reports database and analyze their frequency relative to the frequency of these events after other antinematodal drugs reported in SSA and other areas of the world (ROW).MethodsAll antinematodal-related sADRs were extracted from VigiBase. Disproportionality analyses were conducted to investigate nervous, cutaneous, psychiatric, respiratory, renal, hepatic and cardiac suspected sADRs reported after ivermectin and benzimidazole drug administration across the world, in SSA and RoW.Principal findings2041 post-ivermectin or post-benzimidazole suspected sADRs were identified including 667 after ivermectin exposure (208 in SSA and 459 in the RoW). We found an increased reporting for toxidermias, encephalopathies, confusional disorders after ivermectin compared to benzimidazole drug administration. Encephalopathies were not only reported from SSA but also from the RoW (adjusted reporting odds ratios [aROR] 6.30, 95% confidence interval: 2.68–14.8), highlighting the fact these types of sADR occur outside loiasis endemic regions.ConclusionWe described for the first time suspected sADRs associated with ivermectin exposure according to geographical origin. While our results do not put in question ivermectin’s excellent safety profile, they show that as for all drugs, appropriate pharmacovigilance for adverse reactions is indicated.
Experiences of women seeking post-abortion care services in a Regional Hospital in Ghana
Authors: Adde Kenneth Setorwu , Darteh Eugene Kofuor Maafo , Kumi-Kyereme Akwasi 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionAbortions remain one of the highest contributors to maternal deaths in Ghana. In 2003, a policy on post-abortion care was introduced to help reduce abortion-related mortality and morbidity. However, depending on the method of pregnancy termination; women encounter varying experiences. This study examines the experiences of women seeking post-abortion care services in a Regional Hospital in Ghana.Materials and methodsIn-depth interview technique was used to collect data from 20 purposively selected post-abortion care clients at the Volta Regional Hospital. Data were analysed manually using a qualitative content analysis technique.ResultsThe study found that medical abortion was the main method of pregnancy termination used by women who participated in the study to induce abortion. Spontaneous abortion, however, was attributed mainly to engaging in activities that required the use of excessive energy and travelling on bad roads by pregnant women. The study also revealed that, women do not seek early post-abortion care services due to stigma and poverty.ConclusionsWe found that severity of pain from complications, stigma and financial constraints were factors that influenced women’s decision to seek post-abortion care services. Our findings also suggest that women who experienced spontaneous abortion mainly received financial and emotional support from partners and other family members. To encourage women to seek early post-abortion care services, the Ministry of Health and the Ghana Health Service should take pragmatic steps to educate women on the dangers associated with delay in seeking post-abortion care services and the factors that expose women to spontaneous abortions.
Insulin-like growth factor-1 and growth in infants 0-6 months of age
Authors: Mexitalia Maria , Pardede Bob Kevin , Utari Agustini , Mexitalia Maria 
Published: April 2021

Background During infancy, growth is affected by many factors, including hormones. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a hormone with an important role in regulating somatic growth and organ development.
Objective To analyze for possible correlations between IGF-1 levels and infant growth from 0-6 months of age.
Methods A prospective study was conducted on 38 infants from birth to 6 months of age. Inclusion criteria were full-term newborns with normal birth weight and singleton birth. Serum IGF-1 was measured twice, from umbilical cord blood at birth and at 6 months of age. Anthropometric measurements were made every three months. Paired T-test was used to analyze mean IGF-1 among time points, and Pearson’s correlation test was used to analyze IGF-1 levels and growth.
Results Mean IGF-1 level decreased from birth to 6 months of age (89.6 ng/mL vs. 48.3 ng/mL, respectively; P<0.001). Delta IGF-1 had positive significant correlations with delta weight at 3 months (r=0.347; P=0.033) and 6 months (r=0.386; P=0.017), as well as delta head circumference at 3 months (r= 0.356; P=0.028) and 6 months (r=0.357; P=0.028). However, there were significant negative correlations between umbilical cord IGF-1 with delta body weight (r= −0.459; P=0.004) and delta length at 6 months (r= −0.414; P=0.010).
Conclusions. There iss a decrease in IGF-1 levels at the first 6 months of life. Umbilical cord IGF-1 level has negative correlations with the weight and length increment at the age of 6 months.
Oxonol dyes
Authors: Mustroph Heinz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Oxonol dyes are classified as anionic polymethine dyes, which cover a wide variety of structural types. The name of the class originates from the oxygen atoms which terminate each end of the polymethine chains that form the backbone of their structure. In technically useful dyes, these oxygen atoms tend to be substituents of heterocycles. The main technical application of water soluble oxonol dyes was in silver halide photography as filter dyes and antihalation dyes. Lipophilic oxonol dyes are used in bio-analysis and medical diagnostics to stain cells, bacteria or liposomes for example. Their main bioanalytical usage is in the determination of membrane potentials in eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic bacteria.
Preparation of Titanium-Aluminum-Carbon MAX Phase via a Simple Precursor Route for High-Temperature Coating Applications
Authors: Sreejith K. J. , Vijay Vipin , Jayalatha T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
MAX phase materials are gaining increased research interest because of the unique combination of metallic and ceramic properties. For high-temperature applications, titanium-aluminum-carbon (MAX) phases are extensively investigated. In order to utilize these MAX phase materials as coatings for high-temperature space applications, a pressureless preparation route employing a polymer-based precursor would be advantageous. A cost-effective, pressureless synthetic route using a carbonaceous polymer-based slurry was explored to obtain titanium-alumnium-carbon MAX phase. In continuation of our earlier report on the preliminary investigations on a precursor system, in the present study, an investigation on the effect of (i) heat treatment duration and (ii) nucleating filler on the formation of titanium-aluminum-carbon MAX phase from the precursor was carried out.
Received Social Support and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in New Zealand and Philippine Emergency Responders
Authors: Guilaran Johnrev , De Terte Ian , Kaniasty Krzysztof , Stephens Christine 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Emergency responders are at risk of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). This study investigates the relationship between the different components of received social support (RSS) and PTSS in these occupations. Method: This cross-sectional study involved emergency responders from New Zealand and the Philippines (n=223). Participants answered an online questionnaire measuring social support and PTSS. Results: High amount of total received support was significantly associated with lower levels of PTSS. Analyses of RSS components revealed that co-worker, emotional, and tangible support exhibited salutary main effects on PTSS. Furthermore, high amounts of RSS from supervisors were found to be associated with low levels of PTSS only among participants who reported low trauma exposure. Discussion: Findings were congruent with the main effects model of RSS. Results also underscored the importance of investigating varied manifestations of social support as they may differentially influence the strength of effects of receiving social support by emergency responders.