bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct‐access physiotherapy to help manage patients with musculoskeletal disorders in an emergency department: Results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gagnon Rose , Perreault Kadija , Berthelot Simon , Matifat Eveline , Desmeules François , Achou Bertrand , Laroche Marie‐Christine , Van Neste Catherine , Tremblay Stéphane , Leblond Jean , Hébert Luc J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to evaluate the effects of direct‐access physiotherapy on patients presenting with a musculoskeletal disorder (MSKD) to the emergency department (ED) on clinical outcomes and use of health care resources.MethodsWe conducted a randomized controlled trial in an academic ED in Québec City, Canada. We included patients aged 18 to 80 years with minor MSKD. The intervention group had direct access to a physiotherapist (PT) in the ED immediately after triage and prior to physician assessment, and the control group received usual care by the emergency physician without PT intervention. The key variables included clinical outcomes (pain, interference of pain on function) and resources use (ED return visit, medications, diagnostic tests, additional consultations). They were analyzed using descriptive statistics and compared between groups using two‐way analyses of variance, log‐linear analysis, and chi‐square tests.ResultsSeventy‐eight patients suffering from MSKDs were included (40.2 ± 17.6 years old; 44% women). For the primary clinical outcome, participants in the PT group (n = 40) had statistically lower levels of pain and pain interference at 1 and 3 months. In terms of resource use, participants in the PT group returned significantly less often to the ED. At baseline and 1 month, less prescription medication was used, including opioids, but there were no differences at 3 months. Although over‐the‐counter medication was recommended more at baseline in the PT group, there were no differences in use at 1 month, and the PT group had used them less at 3 months. There were no differences between groups at follow‐up for imaging tests, other professionals consulted, and hospitalization rates.ConclusionPatients presenting with a MSKD to the ED with direct access to a PT had better clinical outcomes and used less services and resources than those in the usual care group after ED discharge and up to 3 months after discharge.
Carbon Kuznets curve: a dynamic empirical approach for a panel data
Authors: Pincheira Roxana , Zuniga Felipe , Neudorfer Pablo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship is defined as an inverted‐U association between income and pollution. However, it remains a hypothesis since the empirical evidence is mixed. A key limitation in previous studies is that they ignore the endogenous relationship between income and pollution. To address this issue, a dynamic system generalised method of moments (GMM) was utilised with a large sample of countries and a long time series. After controlling for country‐specific fixed effects, the dynamic feedback between income and environmental damage, and several controls, we find support for the EKC hypothesis in our sample.
Older workers in the alcohol and other drug sector: Predictors of workforce retention
Authors: Roche Ann , McEntee Alice , Kostadinov Victoria , Hodge Sianne , Chapman Janine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveOlder workers are increasingly prevalent in health and human services, including the alcohol and other drug (AOD) sector. Their turnover intentions have important implications for service system stability and retention.MethodsDescriptive and regression analyses of survey data examined age‐related differences (<50, ≥50 years old) in non‐government workers’ demographic, health and professional profiles and predictors of turnover intention.ResultsOlder workers (≥50 years, n = 86) comprised one‐third of this workforce. Compared to younger workers (n = 164), they experienced greater discrimination but higher work‐life balance and work engagement. Turnover intention was predicted by job satisfaction, discrimination and work engagement.ConclusionOlder workers’ well‐being and workforce retention are essential for effective leadership, succession planning and service continuity. Their needs and retention motivations are identified. Age‐specific support mechanisms, proactive retention and anti‐discrimination strategies are identified priorities.
Effects of physical activity and sleep quality on well‐being: A wrist actigraphy study during the pandemic
Authors: Wang Haien , He Ling , Gao Yuan , Gao Xiao , Lei Xu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrevious studies identified the effects of daytime activity, sleep quality and ambient light exposure on individual well‐being. These factors have been greatly changed as people are required to stay home during the COVID‐19 pandemic; thus, it is necessary to verify whether these factors effect well‐being during the pandemic. We recruited 70 adults (females: 46; age range: 31−60) during a high incidence of COVID‐19 in China (17–27 February 2020). Both subjective measurements based on self‐report scales and objective measurements collected using wrist actigraphy were employed to investigate the effects of night‐time sleep and daytime activity on subjective well‐being. The actigraphy data show that participants’ total sleep time (>8 hr) is sufficient. Self‐reported sleep quality was significantly worse than pre‐pandemic, and self‐reported daytime activity levels significantly decreased during the pandemic. Physical activity was positively related to well‐being, both for self‐reported daytime activity (r = .346, p = .003) and for objective measurements (r = .234, p = .051). Our study found that sleep and daytime activity levels were negatively affected by the pandemic. However, increased daytime physical activity could potentially reduce these negative effects.
An unintended consequence of social distance regulations: COVID‐19 social distancing promotes the desire for money
Authors: Lee Chun‐Chia , Chen Yen‐Jung , Wu Pai‐Lu , Chiou Wen‐Bin 
Published: February 2021

Social distance regulations have been widely adopted during the global COVID‐19 pandemic. From an evolutionary perspective, social connection and money are interchangeable subsistence resources for human survival. The substitutability principle of human motivation posits that scarcity in one domain (e.g., social connection) could motivate people to acquire or maintain resources in another domain (e.g., money). Two experiments were conducted to test the possibility that COVID‐19 social distancing enhances the desire for money. Results showed that compared with controls, participants receiving social distancing primes (via recollection of experiences of social distancing or a Chinese glossary‐search task) offered less money in the dictator game, showed lower willingness towards charitable donation (Experiment 1; N = 102), donated less money to a student fund, and rated money as having more importance (Experiment 2; N = 140). Our findings have far‐reaching implications for financial decisions, charitable donations, and prosociality during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Para‐sacral approach followed by laparoscopic low anterior resection of a gastrointestinal stromal tumour at the anterior wall of the lower rectum
Authors: Matsumi Yuki , Hamada Madoka , Sakaguchi Tatsuma , Sekimoto Mitsugu , Kurokawa Hiroaki , Kinoshita Hidefumi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimWe present a para‐sacral approach followed by a laparoscopic low anterior resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumours located between the urethra and the low rectum.MethodCase 1 is a 56‐year‐old male patient whose tumour (37 × 28 mm) was located 3.0 cm above the anal verge between the anterior wall of the rectum and the urethra; he underwent surgery after 14 months’ administration of imatinib mesylate (400 mg/day). Case 2 is a 68‐year‐old male patient who presented with dysuria; a tumour (89 × 84 mm) was detected between the urethra and the anterior wall of the low rectum by MRI. He underwent surgery after 5 months’ administration of imatinib mesylate (400 mg/day). In order to perform sphincter‐preserving surgery and avoid injury not only to the tumour capsule but also to the urethra, a para‐sacral approach followed by laparoscopic low anterior resection was adopted in these patients. Restoration of bowel continuity was done by coloanal anastomosis in case 1 and the double stapling technique in case 2. The postoperative course of the patients was uneventful. In case 2, tumour dissection from the urethra caused injury to the posterior wall of the urethra, which could be repaired easily under direct vision. The urethral catheter was removed after 117 postoperative days, and the diverting stoma was closed after 143 postoperative days.ConclusionThe para‐sacral approach followed by a laparoscopic low anterior resection of an extraluminal gastrointestinal stromal tumour located between the urethra and anterior wall of the low rectum enables R0 resection of the tumour and an appropriate reconstruction of the rectum.
The Role of Executive Function and Theory of Mind in Pragmatic Computations
Authors: Fairchild Sarah , Papafragou Anna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn sentences such as “Some dogs are mammals,” the literal semantic meaning (“Some and possibly all dogs are mammals”) conflicts with the pragmatic meaning (“Not all dogs are mammals,” known as a scalar implicature). Prior work has shown that adults vary widely in the extent to which they adopt the semantic or pragmatic meaning of such utterances, yet the underlying reason for this variation is unknown. Drawing on theoretical models of scalar implicature derivation, we explore the hypothesis that the cognitive abilities of executive function (EF) and theory of mind (ToM) contribute to this observed variation. In Experiment 1, we show that individuals with better ToM are more likely to compute a scalar implicature and adopt the pragmatic meaning of an utterance; however, EF makes no unique contribution to scalar implicature comprehension after accounting for ToM. In Experiment 2, we replicate this finding and assess whether it generalizes to the comprehension of other pragmatic phenomena such as indirect requests (e.g., “It's hot in here” uttered to ask for something to be done) and metaphor (e.g., “to harvest courage”). This is the first evidence that differences in ToM are associated with pragmatic competence in neurotypical adults across distinct pragmatic phenomena.
Cell‐extracellular matrix interactions in the fluidic phase direct the topology and polarity of self‐organized epithelial structures
Authors: Ouyang Mingxing , Yu Jiun‐Yann , Chen Yenyu , Deng Linhong , Guo Chin‐Lin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn vivo, cells are surrounded by extracellular matrix (ECM). To build organs from single cells, it is generally believed that ECM serves as scaffolds to coordinate cell positioning and differentiation. Nevertheless, how cells utilize cell‐ECM interactions for the spatiotemporal coordination to different ECM at the tissue scale is not fully understood.MethodsHere, using in vitro assay with engineered MDCK cells expressing H2B‐mCherry (nucleus) and gp135/Podocalyxin‐GFP (apical marker), we show in multi‐dimensions that such coordination for epithelial morphogenesis can be determined by cell‐soluble ECM interaction in the fluidic phase.ResultsThe coordination depends on the native topology of ECM components such as sheet‐like basement membrane (BM) and type I collagen (COL) fibres: scaffold formed by BM (COL) facilitates a close‐ended (open‐ended) coordination that leads to the formation of lobular (tubular) epithelium. Further, cells form apicobasal polarity throughout the entire lobule/tubule without a complete coverage of ECM at the basal side, and time‐lapse two‐photon scanning imaging reveals the polarization occurring early and maintained through the lobular expansion. During polarization, gp135‐GFP was converged to the apical surface collectively in the lobular/tubular structures, suggesting possible intercellular communications. Under suspension culture, the polarization was impaired with multi‐lumen formation in the tubules, implying the importance of ECM biomechanical microenvironment.ConclusionOur results suggest a biophysical mechanism for cells to form polarity and coordinate positioning at tissue scale, and in engineering epithelium through cell‐soluble ECM interaction and self‐assembly.
Psychosocial considerations in the assessment of hand transplant candidates: A single‐center experience and brief literature review
Authors: Smith Patrick J. , Potter Guy , Manson Maria , Martin Michael , Cendales Linda C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVascularized composite allograft, including hand transplantation (HT), has gained wider usage as a reconstructive treatment over the past 30 years. HT recipients face unique psychosocial challenges compared to their solid organ and/or bone marrow transplant counterparts. Accordingly, the psychosocial evaluation among HT candidates continues to evolve, leaving a lack of consensus as to the critical psychosocial domains and psychometric testing instruments to help evaluate individuals considering HT. The present manuscript describes the psychosocial evaluation process within the Duke HT program, which been contacted by 80 potential candidates since 2014. The Duke HT evaluation process incorporates a comprehensive psychosocial assessment within domains including personality, cognitive function, mood, behavioral adherence, social support, and substance use history, among others. Our experience underscores the potential utility of collecting thorough psychosocial evaluations, supplemented by psychometric test data, to comprehensively assess potential HT candidates.
962. GLOBBA WARDII
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2021

SummaryGlobba wardii (B.L. Burtt & R.M. Sm.) K.J. Williams is described and illustrated. A habitat of this species on Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills in Myanmar is introduced. Globba wardii had been known as endemic to Myanmar; however, it was recently recorded from Assam, India.
Effects of anti‐thrombotic drugs on all‐cause mortality after upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Japan: A multicenter study with 2205 cases
Authors: Matsuhashi Tamotsu , Fukuda Sho , Mikami Tatsuya , Tatsuta Tetsuya , Hikichi Takuto , Nakamura Jun , Abe Yasuhiko , Onozato Yusuke , Hatta Waku , Masamune Atsushi , Ohyauchi Motoki , Ito Hirotaka , Hanabata Norihiro , Araki Yasumitsu , Yanagita Takumi , Imamura Hidemichi , Tsuji Tsuyotoshi , Sugawara Kae , Horikawa Youhei , Ohara Shuichi , Kondo Yutaka , Dohmen Takahiro , Iijima Katsunori 
Published: February 2021

ObjectsAlthough anti‐thrombotic use is recognized as a risk factor for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), there has been no clear evidence that it worsens the outcomes after the bleeding. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of anti‐thrombotic agents on in‐hospital mortality following UGIB.MethodsInformation on clinical parameters, including usage of anti‐thrombotic agents, was retrospectively collected from consecutive patients with UGIB at 12 high‐volume centers in Japan between 2011 and 2018. The all‐cause in‐hospital mortality rate was evaluated according to the usage of anti‐thrombotic agents.ResultsClinical data were collected from 2205 patients with endoscopically confirmed UGIB. Six hundred and forty‐five (29.3%) patients used anti‐thrombotic agents. The all‐cause in‐hospital mortality rate was 5.7% (125 deaths). After excluding 29 cases in which death occurred due to end‐stage malignancy, 96 deaths (bleeding‐related, n = 22 ; non‐bleeding‐related, n = 74) were considered “preventable.” Overall, the “preventable” mortality rate in anti‐thrombotic users was significantly higher than that in non‐users (6.0% vs. 3.7%, P < 0.05). However, the “preventable” mortality of anti‐thrombotic users showed a marked improvement over time; although the rate in users remained significantly higher than that in non‐users until 2015 (7.3% vs. 4.2%, P < 0.05), after 2016, the difference was no longer statistically significant (4.8% vs. 3.5%).ConclusionsAlthough the usage of anti‐thrombotic agents worsened the outcomes after UGIB, the situation has recently been improving. We speculate that the recent revision of the Japanese guidelines on the management of anti‐thrombotic treatment after UGIB may have partly contributed to improving the survival of users of anti‐thrombotic agents.
The burden of early life stress on the nociceptive system development and pain responses
Authors: Melchior Meggane , Kuhn Pierre , Poisbeau Pierrick 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor a long time, the capacity of the newborn infant to feel pain was denied. Today it is clear that the nociceptive system, even if still immature, is functional enough in the newborn infant to elicit pain responses. Unfortunately, pain is often present in the neonatal period, in particular in the case of premature infants which are subjected to a high number of painful procedures during care. These are accompanied by a variety of environmental stressors, which could impact the maturation of the nociceptive system. Therefore, the question of the long‐term consequences of early life stress is a critical question. Early stressful experience, both painful and non‐painful, can imprint the nociceptive system and induce long‐term alteration in brain function and nociceptive behavior, often leading to an increase sensitivity and higher susceptibility to chronic pain. Different animal models have been developed to understand the mechanisms underlying the long‐term effects of different early life stressful procedures, including pain and maternal separation. This review will focus on the clinical and preclinical data about early life stress and its consequence on the nociceptive system.
Is habitat selection in the wild shaped by individual‐level cognitive biases in orientation strategy?
Authors: Beardsworth Christine E. , Whiteside Mark A. , Laker Philippa R. , Nathan Ran , Orchan Yotam , Toledo Sivan , van Horik Jayden O. , Madden Joah R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCognitive biases for encoding spatial information (orientation strategies) in relation to self (egocentric) or landmarks (allocentric) differ between species or populations according to the habitats they occupy. Whether biases in orientation strategy determine early habitat selection or if individuals adapt their biases following experience is unknown. We determined orientation strategies of pheasants, Phasianus colchicus, using a dual‐strategy maze with an allocentric probe trial, before releasing them (n = 20) into a novel landscape, where we monitored their movement and habitat selection. In general, pheasants selected for woodland over non‐woodland habitat, but allocentric‐biased individuals exhibited weaker avoidance of non‐woodland habitat, where we expected allocentric navigation to be more effective. Sex did not influence selection but was associated with speed and directional persistence in non‐woodland habitat. Our results suggest that an individual's habitat selection is associated with inherent cognitive bias in early life, but it is not yet clear what advantages this may offer.
Overcoming the challenges of developing an intranasal diazepam rescue therapy for the treatment of seizure clusters
Authors: Cloyd James , Haut Sheryl , Carrazana Enrique , Rabinowicz Adrian L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeizure clusters must be treated quickly and effectively to prevent progression to prolonged seizures and status epilepticus. Rescue therapy for seizure clusters has focused on the use of benzodiazepines. Although intravenous benzodiazepine administration is the primary route in hospitals and emergency departments, seizure clusters typically occur in out‐of‐hospital settings, where a more portable product that can be easily administered by nonmedical caregivers is needed. Thus, other methods of administration have been examined, including rectal, intranasal, intramuscular, and buccal routes. Following US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 1997, rectal diazepam became the mainstay of out‐of‐hospital treatment for seizure clusters in the United States. However, social acceptability and consistent bioavailability present limitations. Intranasal formulations have potential advantages for rescue therapies, including ease of administration and faster onset of action. A midazolam nasal spray was approved by the FDA in 2019 for patients aged 12 years or older. In early 2020, the FDA approved a diazepam nasal spray for patients aged 6 years or older, which has a different formulation than the midazolam nasal product and enhances aspects of bioavailability. Benzodiazepines, including diazepam, present significant challenges in developing a suitable intranasal formulation. Diazepam nasal spray contains dodecyl maltoside (DDM) as an absorption enhancer and vitamin E to increase solubility in an easy‐to‐use portable device. In a Phase 1 study, absolute bioavailability of the diazepam nasal spray was 97% compared with intravenous diazepam. Subsequently, the nasal spray demonstrated less variability in bioavailability than rectal gel (percentage of geometric coefficient of variation of area under the curve = 42%–66% for diazepam nasal spray compared with 87%–172% for rectal gel). The diazepam nasal spray safety profile is consistent with that expected for rectal diazepam, with low rates of nasal discomfort (≤6%). To further improve the efficacy of rescue therapy, investigation of novel intranasal benzodiazepine formulations is underway.
Near SUDEP during bilateral stereo‐EEG monitoring characterized by diffuse postictal EEG suppression
Authors: Johnson Michael , Samudra Niyatee , Gallagher Martin J. , Abou‐Khalil Bassel , Nobis William P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the most common cause of death in patients with refractory epilepsy. The pathophysiology of SUDEP is unknown. Postictal phenomena such as postconvulsive immobility (PI), postictal generalized electroencephalography (EEG) suppression (PGES), arousal deficits, cardiac arrhythmias, central apneas, and obstructive apneas due to laryngospasms have been suggested to contribute to SUDEP. We present, to our knowledge, the first case of a near‐SUDEP event in a patient undergoing intracranial, stereotactic EEG (sEEG) monitoring. This case spotlights potential mediators of SUDEP, most notably the striking PGES and postictal apnea. The nature of the sEEG investigation illustrates the extent of cortical and subcortical postictal EEG suppression and showcases a transient return of cerebral activity likely to be missed on scalp‐EEG recording. Critically, this case emphasizes the importance of continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring and underscores the importance of postictal arousal as a pathophysiological mechanism in SUDEP.
‘We've all got a big story’: Experiences of a Trauma‐Informed Intervention in Prison
Authors: PETRILLO MADELINE 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article examines women's experiences of participating in ‘Healing Trauma’; a gender‐responsive, trauma‐informed intervention delivered in women's prisons in England. Victimisation and trauma are prevalent among women in the justice system but are not perceived to be amenable to criminal justice intervention, and there are compelling arguments that correctional environments are inappropriate settings for trauma‐informed programmes. This article analyses focus group discussions with women who completed Healing Trauma to examine the legitimacy of developing trauma‐informed practice in prisons. The women's testimonies indicate that Healing Trauma offers a meaningful opportunity to begin to explore past victimisation that has contributed to their criminalisation.