bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resummation methods for Master Integrals
Authors: Canko Dhimiter D. , Syrrakos Nikolaos 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present in detail two resummation methods emerging from the application of the Simplified Differential Equations approach to a canonical basis of master integrals. The first one is a method which allows for an easy determination of the boundary conditions, since it finds relations between the boundaries of the basis elements and the second one indicates how using the x → 1 limit to the solutions of a canonical basis, one can obtain the solutions to a canonical basis for the same problem with one mass less. Both methods utilise the residue matrices for the letters {0, 1} of the canonical differential equation. As proof of concept, we apply these methods to a canonical basis for the three-loop ladder-box with one external mass off-shell, obtaining subsequently a canonical basis for the massless three-loop ladder-box as well as its solution.
Free field world-sheet correlators for AdS3
Authors: Dei Andrea , Gaberdiel Matthias R. , Gopakumar Rajesh , Knighton Bob 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We employ the free field realisation of the $$ \mathfrak{psu}{\left(1,1\left|2\right.\right)}_1 $$
psu

1

1

2

1

world-sheet theory to constrain the correlators of string theory on AdS3× S3× 𝕋4 with unit NS-NS flux. In particular, we directly obtain the unusual delta function localisation of these correlators onto branched covers of the boundary S2 by the (genus zero) world-sheet — this is the key property which makes the equivalence to the dual symmetric orbifold manifest. In our approach, this feature follows from a remarkable ‘incidence relation’ obeyed by the correlators, which is reminiscent of a twistorial string description. We also illustrate our results with explicit computations in various special cases.
Non-local matrix elements in B(s) → {K(*), ϕ}ℓ+ℓ−
Authors: Gubernari Nico , van Dyk Danny , Virto Javier 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We revisit the theoretical predictions and the parametrization of non-local matrix elements in rare $$ {\overline{B}}_{(s)}\to \left\{{\overline{K}}^{\left(\ast \right)},\phi \right\}{\mathrm{\ell}}^{+}{\mathrm{\ell}}^{-} $$

B
¯

s

→

K
¯

∗

ϕ

ℓ
+

ℓ
−

and $$ {\overline{B}}_{(s)}\to \left\{{\overline{K}}^{\ast },\phi \right\}\gamma $$

B
¯

s

→

K
¯

∗

ϕ

γ
decays. We improve upon the current state of these matrix elements in two ways. First, we recalculate the hadronic matrix elements needed at subleading power in the light-cone OPE using B-meson light-cone sum rules. Our analytical results supersede those in the literature. We discuss the origin of our improvements and provide numerical results for the processes under consideration. Second, we derive the first dispersive bound on the non-local matrix elements. It provides a parametric handle on the truncation error in extrapolations of the matrix elements to large timelike momentum transfer using the z expansion. We illustrate the power of the dispersive bound at the hand of a simple phenomenological application. As a side result of our work, we also provide numerical results for the Bs → ϕ form factors from B-meson light-cone sum rules.
Overweight patients benefit from high tibial osteotomy to the same extent as patients with normal weights but show inferior mid-term results
Authors: Herbst Moritz , Ahrend Marc-Daniel , Grünwald Leonard , Fischer Cornelius , Schröter Steffen , Ihle Christoph 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this prospective study was to analyze the impact of obesity on the clinical and radiological outcomes 6 years after open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO).

Methods
A total of 120 prospectively recorded patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis underwent open-wedge HTO between 2008 and 2011. The study cohort was frequently examined over a minimum of a 6-year follow-up. The cohort was divided into three groups according to body mass index (BMI): normal weight patients (BMI < 25 kg/m2), pre-obese patients (BMI 25–30 kg/m2) and obese patients (BMI > 30 kg/m2). Clinical and functional outcomes (Oxford Knee Score, Hospital for Special Surgery Score, Lequesne Score, Tegner Activity Scale), subjective health-related quality of life (SF-36), change in mechanical limb alignment (mTFA) as well as conversion to unicompartmental or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were evaluated. To compare clinical scoring between the groups, univariate variance analysis was applied. Changes in outcome variables over time were analyzed with dependent t tests.

Results
From 120 patients, 85 were followed-up over a 6.7-year period on average (6–11.8 years) after HTO. The mean BMI was 28.6 ± 4.6 kg/m2. Each group showed a significant pre- to postoperative increase in all recorded scores (p < 0.05). In absolute terms, both mental and clinical scores of overweight patients did not reach the peak values of the normal weighted population during the period of observation. There was a conversion to TKA in 10.5% after an average of 50.1 ± 25.0 months following surgery. A total of five complications occurred without significant differences (BMI < 25: n = 1, BMI 25–30: n = 2, BMI > 30: n = 2; n.s.). There was a mean pre- to postoperative (six weeks after surgery) correction difference of 6.9° ± 3.2° (mTFA) with higher loss of correction over time in overweight patients.

Conclusion
In terms of clinical outcome and health-related quality of life, overweight patients may receive a benefit from open-wedge HTO to the same extent as patients with normal weights and show similar complication rates. However, they have inferior preoperative clinical and functional results and mid-term results after open-wedge HTO compared to patients with normal weights.

Level of evidence
Level III.
An antibody-free LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of intact insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 in human plasma
Authors: Pratt Mark S. , van Faassen Martijn , Remmelts Noah , Bischoff Rainer , Kema Ido P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInsulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and IGF-2) are important biomarkers in research and diagnosis of growth disorders. Quantitative analysis is performed using various ligand-binding assays or enzymatic digestion LC-MS/MS methods, whose widespread adoption is hampered by time-consuming sample preparation procedures. We present a simple and fast antibody-free LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of intact IGF-1 and IGF-2 in human plasma. The method requires 50 μL of plasma and uses fully 15N-labelled IGF-1 as internal standard. It features trifluoroethanol (TFE)-based IGF/IGF-binding protein complex dissociation and a two-step selective protein precipitation workflow, using 5% acetic acid in 80/20 acetone/acetonitrile (precipitation 1) and ice-cold ethanol (precipitation 2). Detection of intact IGF-1 and IGF-2 is performed by means of a Waters XEVO TQ-S triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in positive electrospray ionisation (ESI+) mode. Lower limits of quantification were 5.9 ng/mL for IGF-1 and 8.4 ng/mL for IGF-2. Intra-assay imprecision was below 4.5% and inter-assay imprecision was below 5.8% for both analytes. An excellent correlation was found between nominal and measured concentrations of the WHO reference standard for IGF-1. Comparison with the IDS-iSYS IGF-1 immunoassay showed good correlation (R2 > 0.97), although a significant bias was observed with the immunoassay giving substantially higher concentrations. The LC-MS/MS method described here allows for reliable and simultaneous quantification of IGF-1 and IGF-2 in plasma, without the need for enzymatic digestion. The method can be readily implemented in clinical mass spectrometry laboratories and has the potential to be adapted for the analysis of different similarly sized peptide hormones.
Graphical abstract
Predictive performance of parent-metabolite population pharmacokinetic models of (S)-ketamine in healthy volunteers
Authors: Otto M. E. , Bergmann K. R. , Jacobs G. , van Esdonk Michiel J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The recent repurposing of ketamine as treatment for pain and depression has increased the need for accurate population pharmacokinetic (PK) models to inform the design of new clinical trials. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to externally validate available PK models on (S)-(nor)ketamine concentrations with in-house data and to improve the best performing model when necessary.

Methods
Based on predefined criteria, five models were selected from literature. Data of two previously performed clinical trials on (S)-ketamine administration in healthy volunteers were available for validation. The predictive performances of the selected models were compared through visual predictive checks (VPCs) and calculation of the (root) mean (square) prediction errors (ME and RMSE). The available data was used to adapt the best performing model through alterations to the model structure and re-estimation of inter-individual variability (IIV).

Results
The model developed by Fanta et al. (Eur J Clin Pharmacol 71:441–447, 2015) performed best at predicting the (S)-ketamine concentration over time, but failed to capture the (S)-norketamine Cmax correctly. Other models with similar population demographics and study designs had estimated relatively small distribution volumes of (S)-ketamine and thus overpredicted concentrations after start of infusion, most likely due to the influence of circulatory dynamics and sampling methodology. Model predictions were improved through a reduction in complexity of the (S)-(nor)ketamine model and re-estimation of IIV.

Conclusion
The modified model resulted in accurate predictions of both (S)-ketamine and (S)-norketamine and thereby provides a solid foundation for future simulation studies of (S)-(nor)ketamine PK in healthy volunteers after (S)-ketamine infusion.
A first-in-human study of 11C-MTP38, a novel PET ligand for phosphodiesterase 7
Authors: Kubota Manabu , Seki Chie , Kimura Yasuyuki , Takahata Keisuke , Shimada Hitoshi , Takado Yuhei , Matsuoka Kiwamu , Tagai Kenji , Sano Yasunori , Yamamoto Yasuharu , Okada Maki , Kikuchi Tatsuya , Ichise Masanori , Kawamura Kazunori , Zhang Ming-Rong , Higuchi Makoto 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) is an enzyme that selectively hydrolyses cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and its dysfunction is implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases. However, in vivo visualization of PDE7 in human brains has hitherto not been possible. Using the novel PET ligand 11C-MTP38, which we recently developed, we aimed to image and quantify PDE7 in living human brains.

Methods
Seven healthy males underwent a 90-min PET scan after injection of 11C-MTP38. We performed arterial blood sampling and metabolite analysis of plasma in six subjects to obtain a metabolite-corrected input function. Regional total distribution volumes (VTs) were estimated using compartment models, and Logan plot and Ichise multilinear analysis (MA1). We further quantified the specific radioligand binding using the original multilinear reference tissue model (MRTMO) and standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) method with the cerebellar cortex as reference.

Results
PET images with 11C-MTP38 showed relatively high retentions in several brain regions, including in the striatum, globus pallidus, and thalamus, as well as fast washout from the cerebellar cortex, in agreement with the known distribution of PDE7. VT values were robustly estimated by two-tissue compartment model analysis (mean VT = 4.2 for the pallidum), Logan plot, and MA1, all in excellent agreement with each other, suggesting the reversibility of 11C-MTP38 binding. Furthermore, there were good agreements between binding values estimated by indirect method and those estimated by both MRTMO and SUVR, indicating that these methods could be useful for reliable quantification of PDE7. Because MRTMO and SUVR do not require arterial blood sampling, they are the most practical for the clinical use of 11C-MTP38-PET.

Conclusion
We have provided the first demonstration of PET visualization of PDE7 in human brains. 11C-MTP38 is a promising novel PET ligand for the quantitative investigation of central PDE7.
Structured and Systematic Team and Procedure Training in Severe Trauma: Going from ‘Zero to Hero’ for a Time‐Critical, Low‐Volume Emergency Procedure Over Three Time Periods
Authors: Meshkinfamfard Maryam , Narvestad Jon Kristian , Wiik Larsen Johannes , Kanani Arezo , Vennesland Jørgen , Reite Andreas , Vetrhus Morten , Thorsen Kenneth , Søreide Kjetil 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundResuscitative emergency thoracotomy is a potential life‐saving procedure but is rarely performed outside of busy trauma centers. Yet the intervention cannot be deferred nor centralized for critically injured patients presenting in extremis. Low‐volume experience may be mitigated by structured training. The aim of this study was to describe concurrent development of training and simulation in a trauma system and associated effect on one time‐critical emergency procedure on patient outcome.MethodsAn observational cohort study split into 3 arbitrary time‐phases of trauma system development referred to as ‘early’, ‘developing’ and ‘mature’ time‐periods. Core characteristics of the system is described for each phase and concurrent outcomes for all consecutive emergency thoracotomies described with focus on patient characteristics and outcome analyzed for trends in time.ResultsOver the study period, a total of 36 emergency thoracotomies were performed, of which 5 survived (13.9%). The “early” phase had no survivors (0/10), with 2 of 13 (15%) and 3 of 13 (23%) surviving in the development and mature phase, respectively. A decline in ‘elderly’ (>55 years) patients who had emergency thoracotomy occurred with each time period (from 50%, 31% to 7.7%, respectively). The gender distribution and the injury severity scores on admission remained unchanged, while the rate of patients with signs on life (SOL) increased over time.ConclusionThe improvement over time in survival for one time‐critical emergency procedure may be attributed to structured implementation of team and procedure training. The findings may be transferred to other low‐volume regions for improved trauma care.
Short‐Term Outcomes from a Randomized Screening Phase II Non‐inferiority Trial Comparing Omentectomy and Omentum Preservation for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: the TOP‐G Trial
Authors: Murakami Hitoshi , Yamada Takanobu , Taguri Masataka , Hasegawa Shinichi , Yamanaka Takeharu , Rino Yasushi , Mushiake Hiroyuki , Oshima Takashi , Matsukawa Hiroshi , Tani Kazuyuki , Suzuki Yoshihiro , Ozawa Yukihiro , Tanabe Hiroyasu , Osaragi Tomohiko , Sato Tsutomu , Tamagawa Hiroshi , Yukawa Norio , Yoshikawa Takaki , Imada Toshio , Masuda Munetaka , Yamamoto Yuji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundOmentectomy is considered an essential part of curative gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer (GC), albeit without solid evidence. We conducted a randomized phase II trial (the TOP‐G trial) comparing omentectomy and omentum preservation for gastric cancer. This report describes the short‐term findings regarding the trial's secondary endpoints.MethodsThe trial protocol was submitted to the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/: UMIN000005421). The key eligibility criteria were histologically confirmed cT2–4a and N0–2 gastric adenocarcinoma. Short‐term surgical outcomes, including morbidity and mortality, were compared between the omentectomy group (group A, control arm) and the omentum‐preserving surgery group (group B, test arm). All procedures were performed via an open approach. Based on a non‐inferiority margin of 7%, statistical power of 0.7, and type I error of 0.2, the sample size was set to 250 patients.ResultsA total of 251 patients were eligible and randomized (group A: 125 patients, group B: 126 patients) between April 2011 and October 2018. After excluding patients who had peritoneal metastasis or laparotomy history, safety outcomes were analyzed for 247 patients. Group A had a significantly longer median operation time (225 min vs. 204 min, p = 0.022) and tended to have greater median blood loss (260 mL vs. 210 mL p = 0.073). The incidences of morbidity were similar and < 10% in both groups (8% vs. 9%, p = 1.000). There was no mortality in either group.ConclusionsOperative risk was generally similar between omentectomy and omentum‐preserving surgery for locally advanced gastric cancer.
Influence of the population spatial structure on seed rain distribution of an invasive plant under harsh environment
Authors: Galera Halina , Rudak Agnieszka , Pielech Małgorzata , Znój Anna , Chwedorzewska Katarzyna J. , Wódkiewicz Maciej 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDistribution of seeds of an invasive species is important for the spread of the invasion and for any directed eradication action. This distribution is driven by seed rain. We studied the influence of tussocks on the spatial pattern of seed rain and resulting population spatial pattern of an invasive Antarctic Poa annua L. population. Our hypothesis was that the tussocks trap wind-dispersed seeds. We set 40 artificial grass seed traps simulating tussocks and 40 soil seed traps (control) in the area occupied by the population. The traps were exposed for a total of 3 years and exchanged periodically. We assessed the seed bank in soil extracted for installation of our control traps. Seed number was determined by the germination method. We did not find any significant difference between the types of traps regarding the number of trapped seeds and the number of traps containing seeds, however trapping events were greater for artificial grass traps. The average size of the seed rain was 13.5 seeds m−2 year−1 and the size of the soil seed bank was 216 seeds m−2. We estimated that accumulation of the soil seed bank required around 16 years. Artificial grass discs may be more efficient than bare soil in accumulating seeds, therefore grass tussocks may influence the spatial population structure not only through local seed deposition, but also by intercepting seeds dispersed by wind. Our research further supports, that directed soil removal from underneath the tussocks is the most efficient eradication method of P. annua in Antarctica.
2D Euler Equations with Stratonovich Transport Noise as a Large-Scale Stochastic Model Reduction
Authors: Flandoli Franco , Pappalettera Umberto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe limit from an Euler-type system to the 2D Euler equations with Stratonovich transport noise is investigated. A weak convergence result for the vorticity field and a strong convergence result for the velocity field are proved. Our results aim to provide a stochastic reduction of fluid-dynamics models with three different time scales.
Retrospective German claims data study on initial treatment of bladder carcinoma (BCa) by transurethral bladder resection (TURB): a comparative analysis of costs using standard white light- (WL-) vs. blue light- (BL-) TURB
Authors: Todenhöfer Tilman , Maas Moritz , Ketz Miriam , Kossack Nils , Colling Christiane , Qvick Bryan , Stenzl Arnulf 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Photodynamic diagnosis using hexaminolevulinate (HAL)—guided BL-TURB may reduce the recurrence risk in non-muscle invasive BCa compared to standard WL-TURB due to more sensitive tumor detection. The impact of the initial use of WL- vs. BL-TURB on follow-up costs was evaluated in this real-world data analysis.

Methods
Anonymous claims data of German statutory health insurances (GKV) from 2011 to 2016 were analyzed in a primary and adjusted study population. Selection criteria included five quarters before enrolment, one index quarter (InQ) of initial TURB and BCa diagnosis, either within two years for the primary analysis or within four years for the adjusted analysis, and a follow-up period (FU) of either eleven or three quarters, respectively.

Results
In the primary analysis (n = 2331), cystectomy was identified as an important cost driver masking potential differences between cohorts. Therefore, patients undergoing cystectomy (InQ + FU) were excluded from the adjusted study population of n = 4541 patients (WL: 79%; BL: 21%). Mean total costs of BL-TURB were initially comparable to WL-TURB (WL: EUR 4534 vs. BL: EUR 4543) and tended to be lower compared to WL-TURB in the first two quarters of FU. After one year (3rd FU quarter), costs equalized. Considering total FU, mean costs of BL-TURB were significantly lower compared to WL-TURB (WL: EUR 7073 vs BL: EUR 6431; p = 0.045).

Conclusion
This retrospective analysis of healthcare claims data highlights the comparability of costs between BL-TURB and WL-TURB.
An alternative approach for measuring yield stress and its application in Carbopol microgel
Authors: Iannotti Vincenzo , Lanotte Luca , Tomaiuolo Giovanna , Ausanio Giovanni , Graziano Raffaele , Lanotte Luciano 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn innovative experimental apparatus for the direct measurement of yield stress was conceived and realized. It is based on a torsion pendulum equipped with a magnetic dipole and a rotating cylinder immersed in the material to be investigated. The pendulum equilibrium state depends on the mechanical torque applied due to an external magnetic induction field, elastic reaction of the suspension wire, and shear yield stress. Experimental results are reported showing that the behavior of the pendulum rotation angle, in different equilibrium conditions, provides evidence of the yield stress presence and enables its evaluation by equilibrium equations. The dependence on time of the equilibrium approach was also studied, contributing to shed light on the relaxation effect in the transition from a fluid-like to solid-like behavior, as well as on the eventual thixotropic effects in non-Newtonian fluids. The validity of the proposed technique and related experimental apparatus was tested in aqueous Carbopol solutions, with different weight percentages. The linear procedure, combined with the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed experimental method, candidates it to be used for the study of peculiar behaviors of other yield stress complex fluid such as blood, crude waxy oils, ice slurries, and coating layer used in the food industry and also for fault sliding in geodynamics.