bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic use of hyperspectral imagery, Sentinel‐1 and LiDAR improves mapping of soil physical and geochemical properties at the farm‐scale
Authors: Zhang Yakun , Hartemink Alfred E. , Huang Jingyi , Townsend Philip A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAirborne imaging spectroscopy data provide soil and vegetation information over relatively large areas at high spatial resolutions (<5 m). We combined airborne hyperspectral data with space‐borne data (LiDAR DEM and Sentinel‐1) to map soil properties and investigate the contributions of the different sensor data to the mapping accuracy. The study was conducted on a 330‐ha farm in south‐central Wisconsin, USA, where soils are relatively young and soil variation is high. Seventy‐three soil samples (0–10 cm depth) were taken from cropped fields before planting. The soil data were used with remote sensing data for mapping clay, silt, sand, total carbon (TC), Mg, Al, Si, Fe, Ca, Ti, Mn and Zr. Three types of variables were compared: (a) DEM + Sentinel‐1 & 2, as these are easy‐to‐obtain, (b) hyperspectral data with high‐spatial resolution, and (c) hyperspectral data + DEM + Sentinel‐1, to evaluate if the prediction can be improved by combining hyperspectral data with DEM + Sentinel‐1, and if combining DEM + Sentinel‐1 with hyperspectral data had higher prediction accuracy than combination with Sentinel‐2 data. The partial least square regression (PLSR) model was used for establishing relationships between soil and remote sensing data. It was found that airborne hyperspectral imaging can accurately map the spatial distributions of soil clay content, Si and Fe concentrations. Combining hyperspectral data with DEM and Sentinel‐1 improved the performance of models for mapping a range of soil properties (e.g., clay, silt, sand, Al, Ti, Mn and Zr). Total C, Mg and Ca concentrations cannot be predicted from the combination of hyperspectral data, Sentinel‐1 and terrain attributes. In a highly heterogeneous landscape, surface soil properties can be accurately mapped combining LiDAR DEM, Sentinel‐1 and hyperspectral data.Highlights
Airborne imaging spectroscopy, DEM and Sentinel‐1 were used to map surface soil properties.
Hyperspectral data can accurately map clay, Si and Fe.
Combining hyperspectral data with DEM, Sentinel‐1 improved prediction accuracy of several soil properties.
Total C, Mg and Ca cannot be predicted from hyperspectral data, DEM and Sentinel‐1.
Taking the bait: The influence of attractants and microhabitat on detections of fauna by remote‐sensing cameras
Authors: Rendall Anthony R. , White John G. , Cooke Raylene , Whisson Desley A. , Schneider Thomas , Beilharz Lisa , Poelsma Eleanor , Ryeland Julia , Weston Michael A. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryAutonomously triggered cameras are a common wildlife survey technique. The use of attractants and surrounding microhabitats is likely to influence detection probabilities and survey outcomes; however, few studies consider these factors. We compared three attractants (peanut butter‐based, tuna‐based and a control) in a Latin square design through a coastal shrubland with high microhabitat variability at Cape Otway, Victoria, Australia (38º50ʹS, 143º30ʹE). Deployments involved 36 cameras for four days in each of five years. The percentage cover of each vegetation structural type (low [no or sparse cover], moderate [grass] or high [shrubs]) within 20 m of each camera was calculated and reduced to a single variable using PCA. Dynamic occupancy modelling, with lure type and vegetation structure as covariates of detection probability, found that peanut butter attracted the greatest diversity of species (24 of 35 species, 69%) and yielded the greatest number of detections (50% of 319) when compared with tuna oil (66% and 24%, respectively) and the control (43% and 26%, respectively). Peanut butter attracted more Macropodidae (wallabies) and Muridae (rats and mice); however, vegetation structural variables were the greatest influence on Corvidae/Artamidae (raven/currawong) detections with higher detectability in more open areas. Vegetation structure also influenced Muridae detections. This study reinforces the critical choice of appropriate attractants and camera placement when investigating vertebrate groups and highlights the role of microhabitat in the detection of small mammals and birds. We suggest future large‐scale camera surveys consider different bait types and microhabitats in their designs, to control for any biases and enable future advice on ‘optimal’ methods.
Stress fracture of the palmar, distal cortex of the third metacarpal bone: A diagnostic challenge with a good prognosis
Authors: Shan Ran , Johnston Anna S. , Rosanowski Sarah M. , O'Shea John , Riggs Christopher M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransverse stress fracture of the palmar cortex of the distal aspect of the third metacarpal bone (TSF PCD McIII) is poorly documented.ObjectivesTo describe the typical signalment of this injury, the common clinical and radiological signs and prognosis.Study designA retrospective hospital‐based case series with follow‐up of racing records.MethodsAll cases of TSF PCD McIII diagnosed among racehorses in training at the Hong Kong Jockey Club between 2011 and 2019 were identified. Clinical records were reviewed and documented signs were recorded for each case. Findings from a predefined list of radiological features were listed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the age and training profile of horses, the clinical and radiological findings and time to return to ridden exercise.ResultsTwenty‐three cases (n = 23) were identified. The majority (57%) had recently started or returned to training from a break and 35% (n = 8) of cases had not yet undertaken timed gallops at the time of injury. Most cases (20/23; 87%) were lame; in nine (39%), lameness was severe. Localised swelling of superficial soft tissues was reported in 15/23 (65%) cases. Pain on palpation of the distal McIII was present in 15/23 (65%) cases and in response to fetlock flexion in 12/23 (52%).Diffuse, localised increase in radiopacity, disruption to the outline of the bone periosteal surface and outward displacement of the button of the splint bone were common radiological features in early cases (70%, 67% and 67% of all cases). Sixty‐one per cent of cases (14/23) were initially misdiagnosed. Most horses (n = 18/23) resumed training and racing after a median of 83 and 246 days.Main limitationsClinical notes were not consistent between cases. Radiographs were taken at different times.ConclusionsHorses commencing training are at risk of TSF PCD McIII, which presents with confusing clinical signs and subtle radiological findings. The long‐term outlook is favourable.
Increase in primary cilia in the epidermis of patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis
Authors: Rizaldy Defri , Toriyama Manami , Kato Hiroko , Fukui Runa , Fujita Fumitaka , Nakamura Motoki , Okada Fumihiro , Morita Akimichi , Ishii Ken J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrimary cilia influence cell activity, and thus have a unique role in maintaining cell proliferation and differentiation. In atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis, areas of skin inflammation exhibit dysregulated keratinocyte homeostasis. The role of primary cilia in these conditions remains unclear. The objectives of this study is to elucidate the incidence of primary cilia in skin inflammation and the potential mechanism underlying the dysregulation of keratinocytes. Primary cilia were observed using immunofluorescence staining. Normal skin samples were compared with skin samples from patients with AD or psoriasis in terms of cilia numbers and length. The effect of cytokine stimulation on ciliogenesis in keratinocytes was analysed using a primary keratinocyte culture. IFT88, an important ciliary intraflagellar protein, was blocked in Th2 and Th17 cytokines‐stimulated keratinocytes. These effects were analysed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Significant increases in ciliated cells were observed in AD and psoriasis skin samples compared with normal skin samples. The stimulation of keratinocytes using Th2 and Th17 cytokines modulated the formation of primary cilia. The amount of IFT88 in the primary cilia associated with the phosphorylation of JNK, but not p38, in keratinocytes stimulated with interleukin‐13, 17A and 22. An increase of ciliated cells in the epidermis may impair keratinocyte differentiation under stress conditions caused by inflammation in both AD and psoriasis patients.
Melanoma brain metastases: Biological basis and novel therapeutic strategies
Authors: Phadke Manali , Ozgun Alpaslan , Eroglu Zeynep , Smalley Keiran S. M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe development of brain metastases is the deadliest complication of advanced melanoma and has long been associated with a dismal prognosis. The recent years have seen incredible progress in the development of therapies for melanoma brain metastases (MBM), with both targeted therapies (the BRAF‐MEK inhibitor combination) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (the anti‐CTLA‐4, anti‐PD‐1 combination) showing impressive levels of activity. Despite this, durations of response for these therapies remain lower at intracranial sites of metastasis compared to extracranial metastases and it has been suggested that there are unique features of the brain microenvironment that contribute to therapeutic escape. In this review, we outline the latest research into the biology and pathophysiology of melanoma brain metastasis development and progression. We then discuss the current status of clinical trial that are open to patients with MBM and end by describing the ongoing challenges for the field.
Genetic drivers of non‐cutaneous melanomas: Challenges and opportunities in a heterogeneous landscape
Authors: Vergara Ismael A. , Wilmott James S. , Long Georgina V. , Scolyer Richard A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNon‐cutaneous melanomas most frequently involve the uveal tract and mucosal membranes, including the conjunctiva. In contrast to cutaneous melanoma, they often present at an advanced clinical stage, are associated with worse clinical outcomes and show poorer responses to immunotherapy. The mutational load within most non‐cutaneous melanomas reflects their lower ultraviolet light (UV) exposure. The genetic drivers within non‐cutaneous melanomas are heterogeneous. Within ocular melanomas, posterior uveal tract melanomas typically harbour one of two distinct, sets of driver mutations and alterations of clinical and biological significance. In contrast to posterior uveal tract melanomas, anterior uveal tract melanomas of the iris and conjunctival melanomas frequently carry both a higher mutational burden and specific mutations linked with UV exposure. The genetic drivers in iris melanomas more closely resemble those of the posterior uveal tract, whereas conjunctival melanomas harbour similar genetic driver mutations to cutaneous melanomas. Mucosal melanomas occur in sun‐shielded sites including sinonasal and oral cavities, nasopharynx, oesophagus, genitalia, anus and rectum, and their mutational landscape is frequently associated with a dominant process of spontaneous deamination and infrequent presence of UV mutation signatures. Genetic drivers of mucosal melanomas are diverse and vary with anatomic location. Further understanding of the causes of already identified recurrent molecular events in non‐cutaneous melanomas, identification of additional drivers in specific subtypes, integrative multi‐omics analyses and analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment will expand knowledge in this field. Furthermore, such data will likely uncover new therapeutic strategies which will lead to improved clinical outcomes in non‐cutaneous melanoma patients.
Five‐year field trial of the biomass productivity and water input response of cactus pear (Opuntia spp.) as a bioenergy feedstock for arid lands
Authors: Neupane Dhurba , Mayer Jesse A. , Niechayev Nicholas A. , Bishop Carol D. , Cushman John C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractClimate‐resilient and highly water‐use efficient crops are needed to meet the future food, feed, fiber, and fuel demands of a growing human population. Cactus pear (Opuntia spp.) are highly productive yet have crop water demands that are approximately 20% that of traditional crops due to their ability to perform crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). In the first long‐term field trial of Opuntia for bioenergy in the United States, the aboveground biomass (cladode and fruit) productivity and response to different water inputs of O. cochenillifera, O. ficus‐indica, and O. streptacantha were evaluated at a planting density of 1418 plants ha−1 under three irrigation levels over a 5‐year period to investigate their response to different water inputs. Mean cladode fresh weight, cladode dry weight, cladode count, fruit fresh weight, and fruit dry weight increased linearly by 1.26‐, 1.88‐, 1.53‐, 1.89‐, and 2.13‐fold, respectively, with increasing irrigation from 300 to 716 mm year−1. Significant differences in irrigation response appeared in years 4 and 5 as the cactus trees grew larger. However, no significant differences were observed among the three Opuntia spp. for all parameters measured. Biomass productivity increased over 5 years by 140.8‐ and 132.5‐fold for cladode fresh and dry weight, respectively. Mean annual total aboveground biomass at 300, 407, and 716 mm year−1 water input resulted in 8.25, 11.16, and 15.52 Mg dry mass ha−1 year−1, respectively, at the sparse planting density used here to separate irrigation blocks, which could have been easily quadrupled. O. ficus‐indica performed better than O. cochenillifera and O. streptacantha in terms of cladode biomass and fruit count and quality. Biomass productivity was consistent with previous studies for Opuntia spp. demonstrating that cactus pear displays very high biomass and food/forage potential using substantially lower rates of supplemental irrigation than conventional crops grown in semi‐arid and arid regions.
Systematic literature review on the supply chain agility for manufacturer and consumer
Authors: Du Yuying , Hu Xia , Vakil Ka 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor a company to survive in the long run, it is necessary to attract enough customers to generate profitability. Since the high uncertainty in organizations requires a more rapid response to customers’ needs, agility is a critical success factor for today’s manufacturing enterprise. To be competitive, enterprises must integrate their supply chains more effectively and forge close memberships with customers and suppliers more quickly. Therefore, the current study attempts to understand how supply chain agility has evolved. We have used a systematic literature review approach to examine the current state of the art and identify potential research gaps. It has indicated how companies can form and preserve competitive advantages in turbulent environments between manufacturers and consumers. From the outcomes, it can be observed that the developed supply chain agility has positive impacts on the sales of companies, velocity to market, profitability, market share and consumers’ satisfaction. Also, the investigations showed that the supply chain agility management needs persistent planning. Allotment of the resources to the agility aspects’ improvement might help companies increase the influence of such investments. Our investigation highlights the tactics for better readiness to attain supply chain agility that is the central part of electronic firms' competency in an emerging market.
Immediate response to apremilast in patients with palmoplantar pustulosis: a retrospective pilot study
Authors: Kato Noriko , Takama Hiroyuki , Ando Yoriko , Yanagishita Takeshi , Ohshima Yuichiro , Ohashi Wataru , Akiyama Masashi , Watanabe Daisuke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent case reports have shown the efficacy of apremilast for the treatment of palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP). However, no study has statistically analyzed the clinical efficacy of oral apremilast in patients with PPP.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of apremilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, for PPP.Materials and MethodsAmong 13 patients who were diagnosed with PPP, 10 patients with PPP with either palmoplantar pustules (>1 mm diameter) or sternoclavicular joint pain were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsPalmoplantar Pustulosis Area and Severity Index (mean ± SD: baseline, 13.4 ± 9.5 vs. after treatment, 5.1 ± 5.6; P = 0.013) and the number of pustules measuring > 1 mm in diameter (3.9 ± 3.9 vs. 1.3 ± 1.9; P = 0.029) significantly improved in 2 (±1) weeks. Moreover, the Dermatology Life Quality Index (9.7 ± 7.0 vs. 3.3 ± 3.6; P = 0.009) and palmoplantar itching (visual analog scale [VAS] score) (5.6 ± 3.5 vs. 2.1 ± 2.2; P = 0.026) significantly improved in 2 weeks, whereas VAS scores of palmoplantar pain (4.8 ± 4.4 vs. 1.1 ± 2.4; P = 0.081) and sternoclavicular joint pain (3.2 ± 3.8 vs. 2.0 ± 2.6; P = 0.194) did not significantly improve. Diarrhea was observed in 60.0% of our patients.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that apremilast can effectively treat cutaneous manifestations and arthralgia in Japanese patients with PPP who had apparent pustules and/or clavicular‐sternocostal arthralgia. Owing to the retrospective design of the study and a small sample size, placebo‐controlled clinical trials with a larger number of patients are warranted to confirm the efficacy of apremilast for treatment of PPP.
A retrospective, 5‐year, clinicoepidemiological study of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs)
Authors: Singh Gautam K , Mitra Barnali , Arora Sandeep , Akhoon Neha , Verma Rajesh , Sharma Puja , Mitra Debdeep 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundA severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR) is a rare, clinically heterogeneous, life‐threatening phenomenon that results in serious skin damage, systemic complications, and significant morbidity or mortality comprising of Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), or SJS‐TEN overlap, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), exfoliative dermatitis, and drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS).Materials and methodsA retrospective study was conducted on all cases of SCARs admitted in a tertiary care referral hospital from January 2015 to December 2019. Clinical and epidemiological details were retrieved from the records of patients as per predesigned proforma. The data collected were analyzed and statistically evaluated.Results and analysisA total of 142 patients (67 males, 75 females) with SCARs, constituting 0.08% of total hospital admission and 0.027% of total dermatology outpatient department (OPD), were studied. Age group ranged from 2 to 61 years, with the mean age of 33.6 years (SD = 17.43). Most patients belonged to SJS‐TEN complex (75 cases; SJS 48, SJS‐TEN 18, TEN nine) followed by exfoliative dermatitis (27 cases/19%), AGEP (26 cases/18.3%), and DRESS (14 cases/9.8%). Anticonvulsants were most commonly implicated (22%) followed by antibiotics (20%), nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (17%), and ayurvedic (7%). There was only single mortality in a DRESS patient.ConclusionSCAR has considerable disease burden with marginal female preponderance in SJS/TEN and exfoliative dermatitis and can involve even the pediatric population. Anticonvulsants followed by antibiotics, NSAIDs, and ayurvedic medicines are common groups known to cause SCARs. To date, there are no definitive recommendations regarding their optimal treatment regimen, hence early diagnosis, prompt withdrawal of culprit drug, high standard of nursing care, and interdisciplinary consultations are vital steps to avoid disease progression and restore health.
Revisiting the effects of spectral interfering substances in optical end‐point coagulation assays
Authors: Seheult Jansen N. , Dalenberg Daniel , Sridharan Meera R. , Stuart Melissa , Moericke Katherine , Cardel Laynalee , Heikal Nahla , Chen Dong , Pruthi Rajiv K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionHemolysis, icterus, and lipemia (HIL) are common pre‐analytical variables in the clinical laboratory. Understanding their effects on coagulation laboratory results is essential.MethodsHIL effects on the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), dilute Russell's viper venom time (DRVVT), thrombin time (TT), and protein C chromogenic activity (CFx) were evaluated on the ACL TOP 750 optical analyzer and STA‐R Evolution mechanical analyzer (PT and APTT only) by spiking normal donor, patient, and commercial control samples with varying concentrations of hemolysate, bilirubin, or a lipid emulsion. The relative difference or bias compared to the original results was determined.ResultsHemolysis (H) indices up to 900 mg/dL did not affect the APTT, PT, DRVVT Confirm, TT, and CFx; however, H indices above approximately 200 mg/dL resulted in a false‐negative DRVVT screen and screen/confirm ratio in samples with a lupus anticoagulant. There was an artifactual prolongation of the PT and APTT when conjugated bilirubin was dissolved in aqueous solvents and not when it was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. Icterus (I) indices up to 45 mg/dL did not result in significant (>15%) bias for all assays evaluated. The PT and APTT assays failed to produce a robust clot curve when the lipemia (L) index exceeded 6000 milliabsorbance units (mAbs), and the TT and DRVVT assays failed when the L index exceeded 3000 mAbs; the CFx assay was unaffected by lipemia.ConclusionsVerification of the manufacturer's recommended interference thresholds is important since it may avoid inappropriate instrument flagging and/ or sample rejection.
The relative expression levels of CD148 and CD180 on clonal B cells and CD148/CD180 median fluorescence intensity ratios are useful in the characterization of mature B cell lymphoid neoplasms infiltrating blood and bone marrow – Results from a single centre pilot study
Authors: Gautam Arambam , Sreedharanunni Sreejesh , Sachdeva Man Updesh Singh , Rana Sonia , Kashyap Dharambir , Bose Parveen , Bal Amanjeet , Prakash Gaurav , Malhotra Pankaj , Das Reena , Varma Neelam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe categorization of mature B cell neoplasms (MBN) infiltrating blood and bone marrow are met with difficulties. The inclusion of CD148 and CD180 in the routine flow cytometry/FCM panels has been suggested to refine the diagnosis. We studied the discriminatory ability of CD148 and CD180 median fluorescence intensity(MFI), CD148/CD180 ratio and their expression relative to T cells (CD148ab/T, CD180ab/T), neutrophils (CD148ab/gr, CD180ab/gr) and normal B cells (CD148ab/n, CD180ab/n) in the differentiation of mature B cell neoplasms (MBN) especially non‐chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL).MethodologyThe flow cytometric (FCM) expression of CD148 and CD180 was studied prospectively in 102 patients (non‐CLL; n = 72); diagnosed by a comprehensive panel of immunophenotypic and cytogenetic studies. The MFI and ratios were statistically compared across MBNs by Mann‐Whitney U test. Cut‐off values, sensitivity and specificity were calculated for significant parameters by receiver operator characteristic curve.ResultsCD180MFI > 4.35 showed 100% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity for a diagnosis of marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) while, CD148/180 > 5.15 was 100% specific and 81.8% sensitive for lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. CD148ab/T(>4.3; 100% specificity, 83.4% sensitivity) and CD148ab/gr(>1.1; 100% sensitivity, 90% sensitivity) were useful for differentiating blastoid‐mantle cell lymphoma/MCL from diffuse large B cell lymphoma; while CD148MFI (≥20.25), CD148ab/T(>3.35) and CD148ab/gr(>0.95) showed >90% specificity and sensitivity for distinguishing MCL from CLL. Pairwise analysis also showed a good discriminant function of various parameters for distinguishing SMZL from other MBNs like FL, MCL as well as CLL.ConclusionsThe current study shows an excellent utility of CD148MFI, CD180MFI, their ratio and relative expression levels in the subcategorization of immunophenotypically related MBNs.