bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paediatric Trauma Burden in Tanzania: Analysis of Prospective Registry Data from Thirteen Health Facilities
Authors: Sawe Hendry Robert , Milusheva Sveta , Croke Kevin , Karpe Saahil , Mfinanga Juma A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTrauma is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among paediatric and adolescent populations worldwide, with over ninety percent of childhood injuries occurring in low-income and middle-income countries. Lack of region-specific data on paediatric injuries is among the major challenges limiting ability to implement interventions to prevent injuries and improve outcomes. We aimed to characterise the burden of paediatric injuries seen at thirteen diverse health facilities in Tanzania.MethodsThis was a prospective descriptive cohort study of children aged up to 18 years, and presenting to emergency units (EUs) of thirteen multi-level health facilities in Tanzania from 1st October 2019 to 30th September 2020. We describe injury patterns, mechanisms and early interventions performed at the emergency units of these health facilities.ResultsAmong 18,553 trauma patients seen in all thirteen-health facilities, 4368 (23.5%) were children, of whom 2894 (66.7%) were male. The overall median age was 8 years (Interquartile range 4-12 years). Fall 1592 (36.5%) and Road Traffic Crash (RTC) 840 (19.2%) were the top mechanisms of injury. Most patients 3748 (85.8%) arrived at EU directly from the injury site, using motorized (two or three) wheeled vehicles 2401 (55%). At EU 651 (14.9%) were triaged as an emergency category. Multiple superficial injuries (14.4%), fracture of forearm (11.7%), and open wounds (11.1%) were the top EU diagnoses, while 223 (5.2%) had intracranial injuries. Children aged 0-4 years had the highest proportion (16.3%) of burn injuries. Being referred, and being triaged as an emergency category was associated with high likelihood of serious injuries with risk ratio 3.3 (95%CI 2.7-4.0) and 2.3 (95% CI 2.0-2.8) respectively. 1095 (25.1%) of patients were admitted to inpatient care and 25 (0.6%) died in the EU.ConclusionsIn these multilevel health facilities in Tanzania, paediatric injuries accounted for nearly one-quarter of all injuries. Over half of injuries occurred at home. Fall from height was the leading mechanism of injury, followed by RTC. Most patients sustained fractures of extremities. Future studies of paediatric injuries should focus on evaluating various preventive strategies that can be instituted at home to reduce the incidence and associated impact of such injuries.
Mathematical Analysis of Electrical Responses in Photoreceptor Cells Reveals Distinct Chemical Control of Visual Signal Transduction in Rods and Cones.
Authors: Takeda Yukari , Sato Kazuma , Hosoki Yukari , Tachibanaki Shuji , Koike Chieko , AMANO Akira 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Retinal photoreceptor cells, rods and cones, convert photons of light into chemical and electrical signals as the first step of the visual transduction cascade. Although the chemical processes in the phototransduction system are very similar to each other in these photoreceptors, the light sensitivity and time resolution of the photoresponse in rods are functionally different than those in the photoresponses of cones. To systematically investigate how photoresponses are divergently regulated in rods and cones, we have developed a detailed mathematical model on the basis of the Hamer model. The current model successfully reconstructed light intensity-, ATP- and GTP-dependent changes in concentrations of phosphorylated visual pigments (VPs), activated transducins (Tr*s) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs), as well as cyclic nucleotide-gated currents (ICNG) in rods and cones. In comparison to rods, the lower light sensitivity of cones was attributed not only to the lower affinity of activated VPs for Trs but also to the faster desensitization of the VPs. The assumption of an intermediate inactive state, MIIi, in the thermal decay of activated VPs was pivotal for inducing faster inactivation of VPs. In addition to the faster inactivation of VPs, calculating a faster rate of RGS9 intervention for PDE-induced Tr* inactivation in cones was indispensable for simulating the electrical waveforms of the light intensity-dependent ICNG at higher temporal resolution in experimental systems in vivo.
A Survey of Lifestyle and Performance Factors of Elite and Pre-Elite Athletes
Authors: Burns Lauren , Weissensteiner Juanita R. , Cohen Marc , Bird Stephen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Success at the elite level in sport is often attributed to physical prowess, technical skill, and mental attitude. However, underpinning these factors are various lifestyle and social influences that further contribute to successful performance, but which may be absent from athlete development programs.
Methods

An online survey was used to investigate athlete perceptions of lifestyle practices and support services amongst 135 Australian Olympic, Paralympic, National, and state-level athletes across 25 Olympic sports.
Results

International athletes perceived psychological skills and attributes, along with strong interpersonal relationships as vital to their success, and they also rated ‘Recovery practices’ as very important. Athletes wanted greater knowledge, mentoring, and autonomy earlier in their careers.
Conclusions

An athlete development system into which these are included may assist in generating an environment to facilitate repeated podium performances, retain athletes in high-performance sport for longer, encourage human-flourishing and smooth transitions for retiring athletes.
Agreement between maternal recall of distant first birth events with hospital birth records: A cohort study
Authors: Ebrahimoff Mindy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND Inter and intra-generational birth cohorts could be particularly useful for predicting the likelihood of labour and birth events for nulliparous women. However, maternal recall of their first childbirth may be imprecise, and hospital records can be inaccurate. Establishing the extent of agreement between mothers’ recall and hospital reports of historical first birth events could be the basis of a prediction tool that could contribute to better health care practices during daughter’s perinatal period. METHODS In 2015, women who had their first baby between 1967 and 1997 were asked to recall gravidity, method of labour onset, type of pain relief, length of labour, birth outcome, and infant’s gender, birthweight and gestational age ≥17 years postpartum. Responses were compared to hospital birth records. Agreement was evaluated using Bland-Altman’s plots and Kappa statistics (k). Logistic regression modeling was used to determine factors influencing discrepant recall. RESULTS Of 150 questionnaires distributed, 101 records were complete. Up to 49 years after birth there was strong agreement for birthweight measured at interval (mean discrepancy -28.69g, SD =170.91g, Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement (-363.66g, 306.28g)) and category level birthweight k=0.83, good agreement for gestational age (GA) in weeks, at interval level (mean difference=0, SD =0.90, Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement (-1.766, 1.766)) and at category level GA k=0.56. There was moderate agreement for labour length (≤10hrs/>10hrs) k=0.54; 43% of records did not record this information. For gravidity k=0.43, labour onset k=0.79; any pain relief k=0.61; and birth outcome k=0.91. Univariate logistic regression showed better agreement on infant birthweight in women with higher levels of education, lower agreement for onset of labour method with increasing maternal age at birth, and higher agreement for use of pethidine, but lower agreement for use of epidural in women who had their first babies more recently. CONCLUSIONS Mothers accounts of first birth events generally agree with hospital records. Familial birth data may contribute to more individualised care for nulliparous women, and may limit rising interventions based on population level guidelines. Future research in other settings is warranted before diagnostic criteria may be used in clinical settings.
Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes and their potentially interacting miRNAs in oral lichen planus
Authors: Zhang Churen , Sun Ruoran 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Oral lichen planus (OLP) was a common oral mucosal disease. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of OLP were still limited. This research was designed to identify the differentially expressed genes and relative miRNAs in OLP. Methods and Results The OLP microarray dataset (GSE52130) was download from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. R software was used to identify differentially expressed genes between the OLP samples and normal oral mucosa. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway conducted. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed in the STRING database. CytoHubba in the Cytoscape software was applied to determining the top 10 hub genes, whose relative miRNA was identified through RNA Interactome Database. Overall, 627 DEGs was identified in OLP samples, including 351 highly expressed genes and 276 lowly expressed genes. GO analysis indicated that the epidermal differentiation was mostly enriched. For the KEGG pathway, the DEGs in OLP samples were mostly involved in Staphylococcus aureus infection. Top 10 hub genes were identified from the PPI network. The miRNA (hsa-miR-98-5p) was regarded as the mostly possible miRNA involved in OLP. Conclusions The epidermal differentiation complex and functional miRNAs (hsa-miR-98-5p, hsa-let-7e-5p, hsa-let-7f-5p) were potential biomarkers of OLP
Genomic characteristics of a chicken infectious anemia virus strain isolated from contaminated chicken pox attenuated vaccine
Authors: Chen Longfei , Li Yan , Wang Jinjin , Zhang Yawen , Chang Shuang , Wang Yixin , Zhao Peng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) can be transmitted by contaminated live vaccines, and causes huge economic losses. This study evaluated the contamination status of CIAV in 24 batches of vaccines by recombinase-aided amplification assay (RAA), fluorescence quantitative PCR and dot blot assay, and then determined a contaminated avian pox attenuated vaccine. The whole genome of the CIAV contaminant was then sequenced and named as JS2020-PFV (Genbank accession number: MW234428, 2296bp). It showed 94.5–99.9% identities with reference strains, and shared the closest evolution relationship with AB1K which was isolated from a chicken farm in Turkey. All these suggested that the use of CIAV contaminated live vaccine may be the reason for its epidemic in poultry.
Combined release of antiseptic and antibiotic drugs from visible light polymerized biodegradable nanocomposite hydrogels for periodontitis treatment
Authors: Bakó József , Tóth Ferenc , Gáll József , Varga István , Sculean Anton , Zelkó Romána , Hegedűs Csaba 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The in-situ used combination of different types of drugs revolutionized the area of periodontal therapy. The purpose of this study was to develop biodegradable nanocomposite hydrogel (NCHG) as a pH-sensitive drug delivery system. To reach the local applicability of the NCHG in dental practice routinely used blue-light photopolymerization was chosen for the preparation. The reaction time was 60 seconds, which resulted in stable hydrogel structures. Universal Britton-Robinson buffer solutions were used to investigate only the effect of pH for the release of the periodontal pocket useable drugs in the 4-12 range. The release of metronidazole was faster, it came out from the NCHGs within 12 hours, but the chlorhexidine had shown a longer elution time, which was more than 7 days as far as the antiseptic effect was maintained. The release of chlorhexidine showed strong pH depending. The biocompatibility of the NCHGs was proved by Alamar-blue test, and the effectiveness of drug release in the acidic medium was demonstrated. This fast photopolymerizable NCHG can help to approach an ideal locally useable combined drug delivery system which can be used in the amount required of the medicines and can reduce the side effects with the increased effectiveness by following pH changes.
Quality and Safety of Game Meat from the Biocenosis of the Beloosipovo Mercury Deposit
Authors: Prosekov Alexander , Altshuler Olga , Kurbanova Marina 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Mercury contamination is one of the most common environmental problems. The research objective was to study the qualitative composition and physicochemical properties of raw game meat obtained from the area near the Beloosipovo mercury deposit in order to define any possible contamination w ith xenobiotics.
Study objects and methods. The research featured rib eye muscle tissue and soft flesh of elks shot on the hunting farms of the Kemerovo Region aka Kuzbass.
Results and discussion. A complex set of experiments revealed the chemical composition of elk muscle tissue and flesh, as well as the mineral composition of elk muscle tissue. The samples were obtained from different parts of carcasses. The amino acid and fatty acid composition of elk muscle tissue made it possible to describe the biological value, mineral composition, and vitamin profile of elk meat. The physicochemical analysis included toughness, cooking losses, and moisture-retaining capacity, i.e. the properties that ensure juiciness. The research also featured the accumulation of xenobiotics in elk meat samples obtained from the biosinosis near the Beloosipovo merc ury deposit.
Conclusion. The slaughter yield of elk meat was 51–53%, which exceeds the average yield of farm cattle meat by 4–6%. The moisture content was 73–78%, while the content of protein was between 20–24% and depended on the anatomical location of the muscle sample; the fat content reached 0.75–1.75%. The mercury accumulation at different storage temperature conditions ranged from 0.004 ± 0.001 to 0.009 ± 0.001 mg/kg, while the max imum allowable concentration of mercury is 0.03 mg/kg.
Hydrology under change: long-term annual and seasonal changes in small agricultural catchments in Norway
Authors: Wenng Hannah , Croghan Danny , Bechmann Marianne , Marttila Hannu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In agricultural catchments, hydrological processes are highly linked to particle and nutrient loss and can lead to a degradation of the ecological status of the water. Global warming and land use changes influence the hydrological regime. This effect is especially strong in cold regions. In this study, we used long-term hydrological monitoring data (22–26 years) from small agricultural catchments in Norway. We applied a Mann–Kendall trend and wavelet coherence analysis to detect annual and seasonal changes and to evaluate the coupling between runoff, climate, and water sources. The trend analysis showed a significant increase in the annual and seasonal mean air temperature. In all sites, hydrological changes were more difficult to detect. Discharge increased in autumn and winter, but this trend did not hold for all catchments. We found a strong coherence between discharge and precipitation, between discharge and snow water equivalent and discharge and soil water storage capacity. We detected different hydrological regimes of rain and snow-dominated catchments. The catchments responded differently to changes due to their location and inherent characteristics. Our results highlight the importance of studying local annual and seasonal changes in hydrological regimes to understand the effect of climate and the importance for site-specific management plans.
Groundwater development, use, and its quality in Korea: tasks for sustainable use
Authors: Lee Jin-Yong , Cha Jihye , Raza Maimoona 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, the current state of groundwater development and use and groundwater quality has been examined based on official groundwater data collected from the Republic of Korea. The groundwater data indicate a steady increase in the number of groundwater wells and an increase in groundwater pumping. The well diameters also increase with increasing well depth, owing to the development of drilling technology. Although groundwater is predominantly used for agricultural and living purposes, the former has recently outnumbered the latter. According to the groundwater quality monitoring stations covering the entire country, the groundwater levels, dissolved oxygen, and oxidation–reduction potential decrease with a steady increase in the water temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity, indicating an aggravating groundwater environment in this region. The most concerning contaminants found are nitrate, ammonia, arsenic, zinc, toluene, xylene, chloroform, and fluoride. Thus, based on these observations, we propose three essential tasks for sustainable groundwater use: a paradigm shift in groundwater management, conjunctive use and integrated management of groundwater and stream water, and groundwater governance and data quality control.
The Relation of the Viral Structure of SARS-CoV-2, High-Risk
Condition, and Plasma Levels of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-15 in COVID-19
Patients Compared to SARS and MERS Infections
Authors: Mousavizadeh Leila , Soltani Ramin , Abedini Kosar , Ghasemi Sorayya 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-
2) has a high mortality rate due to widespread infection and strong immune system
reaction. Interleukins (ILs) are among the main immune factors contributing to the
deterioration of the immune response and the formation of cytokine storms in
coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infections.

Introduction:
This review article aimed at investigating the relationship between virus
structure, risk factors, and patient plasma interleukin levels in infections caused by the
coronavirus family.

Method:
The keywords "interleukin," "coronavirus structure," "plasma," and "risk
factors" were searched to find a relationship among different interleukins, coronavirus
structures, and risk factors in ISI, PUBMED, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases.

Results:
Patients with high-risk conditions with independent panels of immune system
markers are more susceptible to death caused by SARS-CoV-2. IL-4, IL-10, and IL-15
are probably secreted at different levels in patients with coronavirus infections despite
the similarity of inflammatory markers. SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV increase the
secretion of IL-4, while it remains unchanged in MERS-CoV infection. MERS-CoV
infection demonstrates increased IL-10 levels. Although IL-10 levels usually increase in
SARS-CoV infection, different levels are recorded in SARS-CoV-2, i.e., it increases in
some patients while it decreases in others. This difference may be due to factors such
as the patient's condition and the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. MERS-CoV increases
IL-15 secretion while its levels remain unchanged in SARS-CoV-2. The levels of IL-15 in
patients with SARS-CoV have not been studied.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the different structures of SARS-CoV-2, such as length of
spike or nonstructural proteins (NSPs) and susceptibility of patients due to differences in
their risk factors, may lead to differences in immune marker secretion and pathogenicity.
Therefore, identifying and controlling interleukin levels can play a significant role in
managing the symptoms and developing individual-specific treatments.
miR-141-3p Promotes the Cisplatin Sensitivity of Osteosarcoma
Cell through Targeting the Glutaminase [GLS]-Mediated Glutamine
Metabolism
Authors: Zhou Xueli , Wei Panpan , Wang Xinju , Zhang Jianguo , Shi Yulin 
Published: October 2021

Aims:
This study aimed to evaluate the roles and molecular targets of
miRNA-141-3p in the cisplatin sensitivity of osteosarcoma.

Background:
Osteosarcoma is one of the most common-type bone tumors, occurring
mainly in children and adolescents. Cancer cells display dysregulated cellular
metabolism, such as the abnormally elevated glutamine metabolism.

Objective:
Non-coding RNA miRNA-141-3p has been reported to act as a tumor
suppressor in osteosarcoma. Currently, the precise molecular mechanisms for the miR-
141-3p-mediated chemosensitivity through regulating glutamine metabolism remain
unclear.

Methods:
We collected thirty paired OS tumors and their adjacent normal tissues. The
osteosarcoma cell lines [Saos-2] and normal osteoblast cells, hFOB1.19, were used for
in vitro experiments. RT-qPCR and Western blot were applied for gene expression
detections. Targets of miR-141-3p were predicted from starBase. The MTT and flow
cytometric assays were performed to determine cell growth and apoptosis rates. The
cellular glutamine metabolism was monitored by glutamine uptake assay and the
glutaminase [GLS] activity assay.

Results:
We reported that miR-141-3p were significantly downregulated in
osteosarcoma tissues and cells. Overexpression of miR-141-3p suppressed OS cell
growth and sensitized OS cells to cisplatin. In addition, glutamine metabolism was
significantly increased in osteosarcoma. We characterized that GLS played oncogenic
roles in osteosarcoma and validated GLS was a direct target of miR-141-3p in OS cells.
Rescue experiments consistently demonstrated that miR-141-3p-promoted cisplatin
sensitivity was achieved by targeting GLS directly.

Conclusion:
Overall, our findings revealed new molecular mechanisms of the miR-141-
3p-modulated cisplatin sensitization through targeting the GLS-glutamine metabolism
pathway. This study will contribute to developing new therapeutic approaches for the
treatments of chemoresistant osteosarcoma.
Spindle Cell Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Ab Mumin Nazimah , Rahmat Kartini , Sanmugasiva Vithya , Hamid Marlina Tanty Ramli , Fadzli Farhana 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Metaplastic breast carcinoma is an uncommon malignancy that constitutes
< 5% of all breast cancers. There are 5 subtypes which are spindle cell, squamous cell, carcinosarcoma,
matrix-producing and metaplastic with osteoclastic giant cells. Spindle cell carcinoma
represents approximately <0.3% of invasive breast carcinomas. It is typically a triple-negative cancer
with distinct pathological characteristics, but relatively a non-conclusive on imaging findings.

Case report:
An elderly lady presented with an enlarging painful left breast lump for one year. Palpable
left breast lump was found on clinical examination. Mammography demonstrated a high density,
oval lesion with a partially indistinct margin. Corresponding ultrasound showed a large irregular
heterogeneous lesion with solid-cystic areas. Histopathology showed atypical spindle-shaped
cells that stained positive for cytokeratins and negative for hormone and human epidermal growth
factor receptors, which favoured spindle cell metaplastic carcinoma. Left mastectomy and axillary
dissection were performed, and the final diagnosis was consistent with metaplastic spindle cell carcinoma.

Conclusion:
Spindle cell carcinoma of the breast is a rare and aggressive histological type of carcinoma,
which may present with benign features on imaging. Tissue diagnosis is essential for prompt
diagnosis with multidisciplinary team discussion to guide management and improve patient’s outcomes.