bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade of legal and illegal marine wildlife products in markets: integrating shopping list and survival analysis approaches
Authors: Pheasey H. , Matechou E. , Griffiths R. A. , Roberts D. L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWildlife is an important source of nutrition and income for rural communities. The International wildlife trade of endangered species is regulated by CITES, but domestic wildlife markets are rarely subjected to this degree of scrutiny. Market surveys provide important domestic trade data but suffer limitations. Occupancy modelling, using search effort, can be applied to market surveys. To compare the availability of marine consumables from species threatened with extinction, we undertook market surveys using a ‘shopping list’ of threatened species. Items included turtle eggs and shark products. Turtle eggs from the Ostional Egg Project are sold under a certification scheme, but non‐certified eggs are readily available. The surveyors were local residents employed to complete the market survey. The search effort for each item was compared using an adaptation of survival analysis. Time to find each item indicated availability. We tested whether demographics and shopping habits affected surveyors’ ability to find the items. Shark products were found fastest and were, therefore, the most readily available item. Non‐certified eggs were found as easily as Ostional certified eggs, implying there are few deterrents to the open sale of non‐certified eggs. The shopping habits of surveyors had no effect on their ability to find eggs. Integrating the shopping list with survival analysis can reveal valuable information on demand and supply, which would otherwise be difficult to obtain using traditional surveys.
The extent of polypharmacy and use of ‘fall risk increasing drugs’ in the oldest old admitted to a regional New South Wales hospital
Authors: Bemand Timothy John , Thomas Sarah , Finucane Paul 
Published: February 2021

Objective(s)Polypharmacy is associated with significant morbidity including cognitive decline and falls. We sought to quantify the extent of polypharmacy and use of medications associated with fall risk in the very old admitted to a regional NSW hospital.MethodsCross‐sectional study of patients aged over 80 years admitted to a regional NSW hospital from September to October 2019. Demographic data and medication usage on admission were collected. Polypharmacy was defined as regular use of five or more medications.ResultsA total of 401 patients were included: mean age was 87.2 (±4.6) years and 56.9% were female. Of the participations, 82.9% experienced polypharmacy, and the mean number of medications was 8.2 (±4.2). Of the patients, 91.6% utilised medications associated with risk of falls. There was no association between age and number of preadmission regular medications.ConclusionPolypharmacy is extremely common prior to acute hospitalisation for regional older individuals. This highlights the importance of medication rationalisation to reduce medication‐related harm.
The Tasmanian electronic falls ascertainment tool—A pilot study
Authors: Balogun Saliu A. , Sharman James E. , Callisaya Michele L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and test the feasibility of using an electronic tool to ascertain falls and their circumstances (TASeFALL) in people aged over 60 years.MethodsForty participants (mean age: 69.3 ± 5.4 years, 55% women) were randomised to receive a monthly paper‐based questionnaire (control group n = 19), compared with the same questionnaire sent via email with LimeSurvey software (TASeFALL n = 21). Falls and their circumstances were recorded prospectively over 12 months in all participants. The main outcomes were feasibility of enrolment, number of falls, adherence to completion of questionnaires and cost.ResultsThe incidence, number of falls and adherence to the completion of the questionnaire over the 12‐month follow‐up were similar in both the TASeFALL and control groups. However, the monthly paper‐based questionnaire approach was 45% more expensive.ConclusionsThe TASeFALL is a feasible and cost‐effective method of falls ascertainment for older people with email access that could have a wide research uptake.
Efficacy and safety of carboplatin and pemetrexed followed by maintenance with pemetrexed for elderly patients with advanced non‐squamous non‐small cell lung cancer: A single‐arm, open‐label, multicenter, phase II study
Authors: Shinoda Masahiro , Shinkai Masaharu , Hara Yu , Tomaru Kouji , Manabe Saki , Murakami Syuji , Saito Haruhiro , Kobayashi Nobuaki , Miyazawa Naoki , Nishikawa Masanori , Kaneko Takeshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeCarboplatin plus pemetrexed followed by maintenance pemetrexed is expected to be well‐tolerated by the elderly. This multicenter, prospective study examined the efficacy and tolerability of the regimen in elderly patients with previously untreated advanced non‐squamous non‐small cell lung cancer.MethodsThe primary endpoint was the 1‐year survival rate, with secondary endpoints of response rate (RR), disease control rate (DCR), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse event rate. Efficacy was compared between patients with performance status (PS) 0 and 1.ResultsForty‐one patients were enrolled between March 2011 and April 2016. Median age was 76.0 years. The 1‐year survival rate was 73% (95% confidence interval (CI), 56‐84%). RR was 44%, DCR was 81%, median PFS was 7.2 months (95%CI, 3.98‐9.20 months), and median OS was 17.4 months (95%CI, 13.60‐22.83 months). Twenty‐one patients (51%) transitioned to maintenance therapy. Toxicities of grade ≥ 3 during the induction phase included anemia (37%), thrombocytopenia (29%), neutropenia (22%), appetite loss (15%), nausea (10%), bacterial pneumonia (7%), febrile neutropenia (5%), and interstitial pneumonia (2%). Treatment was discontinued in two patients with interstitial pneumonia, but no deaths were encountered. During the maintenance phase, one patient needed dose reductions due to phlegmon. No significant difference in efficacy was seen between PS 0 and PS 1.ConclusionCarboplatin and pemetrexed followed by maintenance pemetrexed for non‐squamous non‐small cell lung cancer in elderly patients appear effective and tolerable.
The IHC4+C score: an affordable and reproducible non‐molecular decision‐aid in hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer. Does it still hold value for patients in 2020?
Authors: Harel Nadav , Cheema Steven , Williams David , Ireland‐Jenkin Kerryn , Fancourt Tineke , Dodson Andrew , Yeo Belinda 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThe majority of women diagnosed with early breast cancer have hormone‐receptor positive (HR+)/HER2‐negative disease. Adjuvant endocrine therapy provides substantial risk reduction benefits in virtually all patients. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in certain subsets of patients is equivocal. This paper sought to evaluate the role of the IHC4+C score to aid this clinical decision in addition to providing an overview of the current molecular and non‐ molecular tools available in the adjuvant setting.MethodsThis prospective study included 53 post‐operative HR+/HER2‐ negative early breast cancer patients selected from the multidiscipliniary team meeting between August 2017 and January 2020. IHC4+C testing was requested by clinicians for patients in whom the availability of the score may have impacted adjuvant decision‐making. Adjuvant treatment decisions were recorded at three time points (prior and post IHC4+C scoring as well as the patient's final decision). The primary goal was the proportion of patients who were spared chemotherapy following the availability of IHC4+C scores to impact on clinicians’ recommendations for adjuvant systemic therapy.ResultsA total of 34 patients (64%) were initially recommended to undergo chemotherapy or to consider chemotherapy. With the availability of the IHC4+C score, only 17 patients (32%) underwent chemotherapy, demonstrating a substantial reduction in the frequency of chemotherapy prescribing.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that when utilized appropriately in a multidisciplinary setting, the IHC4+C algorithm is an alternative, reproducible and affordable tool with a proven capacity to stratify risk and to spare a large proportion of patients from undergoing chemotherapy.
Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A retrospective study based on a 13 years experience of a single center in China
Authors: Huang Cheng , Li Cheng‐Guo , Zhang Peng , Yang Wen‐Chang , Lin Yao , Shuai Xiao‐Ming , Gao Jin‐Bo , Cai Ming , Tao Kai‐Xiong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimDuodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) constitute a small rare subset. This study aims to analyze the prognostic differences between duodenal and jejunoileal GISTs and evaluate the clinical treatment and prognostic characteristics of patients with duodenal GISTs.MethodsData of patients with primary duodenal or jejunoileal GISTs were collected. Patients were matched through propensity score matching (PSM). Perioperative and long‐term outcomes of patients with duodenal GISTs were compared based on surgical approach.ResultsAltogether, 101 duodenal and 219 jejunoileal GISTs were identified. In patients with duodenal GISTs, 79 (78%) underwent local resection (LR) and 22 (22%) underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Patients undergoing PD had a longer postoperation stay (18.5 vs 13 days, P = 0.001) and more complications (Clavien–Dindo I‐II complications for PD vs LR, 31.8 vs 15.2%; Clavien–Dindo III‐V complications for PD vs LR, 22.7 vs. 2.5%; P < 0.001). There was no difference in recurrence‐free survival (RFS) (P = 0.8) or overall survival (OS) (P = 0.9) when comparing patients who underwent LR versus PD. Multivariable analysis showed that tumor size >5 cm was the only independent predictor of shorter RFS (P = 0.004) and OS (P = 0.012). After matching, there was no significant difference in RFS and OS between patients with duodenal versus jejunoileal GISTs (both P > 0.05).ConclusionThe prognosis of duodenal and jejunoileal GISTs are similar. Recurrence and OS of duodenal GISTs primarily depend on tumor size. For duodenal GISTs, LR is associated with comparable long‐term survival when compared to PD, but with superior short‐term outcomes.
Rural emergency departments: A systematic review to develop a resource typology relevant to developed countries
Authors: Kerr Lachlan , Kealy Benjamin , Lim David , Walters Lucie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveDespite low patient numbers, rural emergency departments have a similar diversity of case presentations as urban tertiary hospitals, with the need to manage high‐acuity cases with limited resources. There are no consistent descriptions of the resources available to rural emergency departments internationally, limiting the capacity to compare clinical protocols and standards of care across similarly resourced units. This review aimed to describe the range of human, physical and specialist resources described in rural emergency departments in developed countries and propose a typology for use internationally.Design and settingA systematic literature search was performed for journal articles between 2000 and 2019 describing the staffing, access to radiology and laboratory investigations, and hospital inpatient specialists.ResultsConsiderable diversity in defining rurality and in resource access was found within and between Australia, New Zealand, Canada and USA.DiscussionA typology was developed to account for (a) emergency department staff on‐floor, (b) emergency department staff on‐call, (c) physical resources and (d) access to a specialist surgical service. This provides a valuable tool for relevant stakeholders to effectively communicate rural emergency department resources within a country and internationally.ConclusionThe proposed five‐tiered typology draws together international literature regarding rural emergency department services. Although further research is required to test this tool, the formation of this common language allows a base for effective communication between governments, training providers and policy‐makers who are seeking to improve health systems and health outcomes.
Long‐term follow‐up of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy after successful treatment with photodynamic therapy or micropulse laser
Authors: van Rijssen Thomas J. , van Dijk Elon H. C. , Scholz Paula , Breukink Myrte B. , Dijkman Greet , Peters Petrus J. H. , Tsonaka Roula , Keunen Jan E. E. , MacLaren Robert E. , Hoyng Carel B. , Downes Susan M. , Fauser Sascha , Boon Camiel J. F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo describe the treatment outcomes and recurrence risk of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC) in patients who had complete resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF) after either primary half‐dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) or high‐density subthreshold micropulse laser (HSML) in the PLACE trial.MethodsThis multicentre prospective follow‐up study evaluated cCSC patients at 1 year after completion of the PLACE trial. Outcomes included: complete resolution of SRF on OCT, best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters, retinal sensitivity on microperimetry and a visual function questionnaire (NEI‐VFQ25).ResultsTwenty‐nine out of 37 patients who received half‐dose PDT and 15 out of 17 patients who received HSML could be evaluated at final visit. At final visit, 93% of the patients treated with half‐dose PDT had complete resolution of SRF, compared with 53% of HSML‐treated patients (p = 0.006). At final visit, the mean estimate increase in the PDT group compared with the HSML group was + 2.1 ETDRS letters, +0.15 dB for the retinal sensitivity and + 5.1 NEI‐VFQ25 points (p = 0.103, p = 0.784 and p = 0.071, respectively). The mean estimated central retinal thickness in the half‐dose PDT group was −7.0 µm compared with the HSML group (p = 0.566). The mean estimated subfoveal choroidal thickness in the half‐dose PDT group was −16.6 µm compared with the HSML group (p = 0.359).ConclusionAt 20 months after treatment, cCSC patients successfully treated with half‐dose PDT are less likely to have recurrences of SRF compared with those successfully treated with HSML. However, functional outcomes did not differ.
Urinary malate dehydrogenase 2 is a new biomarker for early detection of non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Ma Yu‐Chen , Tian Peng‐Fei , Chen Zhi‐Peng , Yue Dong‐Sheng , Liu Cui‐Cui , Li Chen‐Guang , Chen Chen , Zhang Hua , Liu Hai‐Lin , Zhang Zhen‐Fa , Chen Liang , Zhang Bin , Wang Chang‐Li 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReliable and noninvasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are an unmet need. This study aimed to screen and validate potential urinary biomarkers for the early diagnosis of NSCLC. Using protein mass spectrometry, urinary MDH2 was found to be abundant both in patients with lung cancer and lung cancer model mice compared with controls. Urine samples obtained as retrospective and prospective cohorts including 1091 NSCLC patients and 736 healthy controls were measured using ELISA. Patients with stage I NSCLC had higher urinary MDH2 compared with healthy controls. The area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the urinary MDH2 was 0.7679 and 0.7234 in retrospective and prospective cohorts to distinguish stage I cases from controls. Urinary MDH2 levels correlated with gender and smoking history. MDH2 expression levels were elevated in lung cancer tissues. MDH2 knockdown using shRNA inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cells. Our study demonstrated that urinary MDH2 concentration was higher in early‐stage NSCLC patients compared with that in controls and that MDH2 could serve as a potential biomarker for early detection of NSCLC.
Three‐year survival from diagnosis in surgically treated patients in designated and nondesignated cancer care hospitals in Japan
Authors: Okawa Sumiyo , Tabuchi Takahiro , Nakata Kayo , Morishima Toshitaka , Koyama Shihoko , Odani Satomi , Miyashiro Isao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Japanese national and prefectural governments have accredited high‐capacity, high‐experience cancer care hospitals as “designated cancer care hospitals” to standardize cancer care, centralize patients, and improve clinical outcomes, but the performance of these designated hospitals has not been evaluated. We retrospectively compared 3‐year patient survival in national, prefectural, and nondesignated cancer care hospitals in 2010‐2012 in Osaka using registry‐based data of 86 456 surgically treated cancer patients aged 15 years or older. Hazard ratios and 3‐year survival probabilities were compared among national, prefectural, and nondesignated hospitals using a Cox proportional hazard regression model. Subgroup analyses for six cancers (stomach, colorectum, lung, breast, uterus, and prostate) and other cancers were carried out. In 2010‐2012, 36 634 (42.4%), 38 048 (44.0%), and 11 774 (13.6%) patients were treated at national, prefectural, and nondesignated hospitals, respectively. The mortality hazard for all‐site cancer was significantly lower in national and prefectural designated hospitals (adjusted hazard ratio 0.60 [95% confidence interval, 0.53‐0.68] and 0.72 [0.66‐0.80], respectively) than in nondesignated hospitals. The adjusted 3‐year survival probabilities for all‐site cancer were 86.6%, 84.2%, and 78.8% in national, prefectural, and nondesignated hospitals, respectively. Site‐specific subgroup analyses revealed significantly lower hazard ratios in national and prefectural hospitals than in nondesignated hospitals for stomach, colorectal, lung, breast, and other cancers. To conclude, the majority of cancer patients underwent surgeries at designated hospitals and had higher 3‐year survival probabilities than those treated at nondesignated hospitals. Further centralization of patients from nondesignated to designated hospitals could improve population‐level survival.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis for assessment of body composition in infants and young children‐A systematic literature review
Authors: Lyons‐Reid Jaz , Derraik José G. B. , Ward Leigh C. , Tint Mya‐Thway , Kenealy Timothy , Cutfield Wayne S. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryBioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an easy to use, portable tool, but the accuracy of the technique in infants and young children (<24 months) remains unclear. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify studies that have developed and validated BIA equations in this age group. MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched for relevant literature published up until June 30, 2020, using terms related to bioelectrical impedance, body composition, and paediatrics. Two reviewers independently screened studies for eligibility, resulting in 15 studies that had developed and/or validated equations. Forty‐six equations were developed and 34 validations were conducted. Most equations were developed in young infants (≤6 months), whereas only seven were developed among older infants and children (6‐24 months). Most studies were identified as having a high risk of bias, and only a few included predominantly healthy children born at term. Using the best available evidence, BIA appears to predict body composition at least as well as other body composition tools; however, among younger infants BIA may provide little benefit over anthropometry‐based prediction equations. Currently, none of the available equations can be recommended for use in research or in clinical practice.
Synthesis and absorption properties of five new heterocyclic disazo dyes containing pyrazole and pyrazolone and their acute toxicities on the freshwater amphipod Gammarus roeseli
Authors: Demirçalı Aykut , Karcı Fikret , Sari Fikret 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, five new heterocyclic disazo dyes containing pyrazole and pyrazolone were synthesised (3a‐3e). The synthesised disazo dyes were characterised by elemental analysis and Fourier Transform–infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The effects of two different solvents upon the absorption ability of the dyes substituted with electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating groups were examined in detail. In addition, the acute toxicity of each synthesised azo dye was evaluated using a short‐term bioassay with Gammarus roeseli (Crustacea: Amphipoda) for 48 hours. According to the evaluations, the dyes 3a, 3b and 3d were categorised as slightly toxic, and the dyes 3c and 3e as practically non‐toxic. Considering the toxicity of the dye 3a, it was determined that the substitution of the electron‐withdrawing group in the azo dye resulted in more toxicity, while the substitution of the electron‐donating group resulted in less toxicity. It was also found that the presence of the strongly electron‐withdrawing group resulted in the azo dye becoming more toxic in comparison with the presence of the weakly electron‐withdrawing group, but that the presence of the strongly electron‐donating group resulted in the azo dye becoming less toxic in comparison with the presence of the weakly electron‐donating group. It is contended that this study is novel and of great importance in terms of synthesising new azo dyes, investigating their absorption properties and assessing their acute toxicities.
Skin tumors in xeroderma pigmentosum: Evaluation of a large series and a literature review
Authors: Baykal Can , Atcı Tuğba , Yılmaz Zeynep , Büyükbabani Nesimi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundXeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genodermatosis with a lifelong propensity to develop malignant skin tumors.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 24 XP patients were evaluated with regard to frequency and clinicopathological features of benign and malignant skin tumors.ResultsSeventeen patients had at least one malignant skin tumor diagnosed: basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in 13 patients (n = 72), basosquamous carcinoma in three patients (n = 4), squamous cell carcinoma in six patients (n = 13), keratoacanthoma in three patients (n = 15), and melanoma in six patients (n = 18). Most melanomas (n = 15) were in situ lesions. Several benign skin tumors were noted such as tricholemmoma (n = 1), trichoepithelioma (n = 1), trichoblastoma (n = 1), follicular infundibulum tumor (n = 1), keratoacanthoma‐like follicular lesion (n = 1), adnexal tumors with folliculosebaceous (n = 1) and tricholemmal differentiation (n = 1), and neurofibroma (n = 1). Benign vascular proliferations including pyogenic granulomas (n = 8), widespread telangiectasias, and senile angioma‐like lesions were also observed in 3, 5, and 5 patients, respectively.ConclusionsSimilar to many reports, BCC was found to be the most common malignant skin tumor. The high prevalence of benign adnexal tumors of follicular differentiation, some of them showing mixed histopathological features and various vascular proliferations in our series raises the question of whether they indicate a formerly undescribed association with XP.