bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Electronic Switch in Ground Automatic Passing Phase System
Authors: Cheng Hao , Xiao Baodi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article mainly designs a new type of ground automatic phase separation device. The electronic switch with thyristor as the component is used to replace the traditional vacuum switch to switch the two-phase voltage when the locomotive passes through the phase separation zone. The conversion time of the two-phase voltage is controlled from 10ms to 40ms by the new ground automatic phase passing device, which is a great improvement compared with the traditional mechanical switch of 300ms. It is verified through simulation experiments that the locomotive conversion time is reasonably shortened, and the overvoltage and impact are reduced when the electronic switch is closed and opened. The rationality and feasibility of the electronic switch are verified.
Optimization research of film cooling structure with fan-sharped hole
Authors: Chen Ping , Wang Zexuan , Qi Tingting , Zuo Ning 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In order to improve the film cooling efficiency, the fan-shaped film cooling holes are optimized. The length of the straight hole section (Lm), the forward angle(a) and the backward angle (β) were selected as the design variables. The area-averaged film cooling efficiency witin the range of X/D=50 (X is the downstream distance of the hole, D is the hole diameter)was taken as the objective function. The Co-kriging surrogate model was established according to the sample points by Latin Hypercube method and the finite element calculation results by calculating two meshing with different quality. The genetic algorithm was adopted to find the optimal fan-shaped hole structure. Under the condition that blowing ratio is 1.5, the optimized Lm, a and β are 2.6D, 41°, and 14°, respectively, the cooling efficienct increased by 45% compared with the reference structure. The results show that a smaller straight hole section and a larger backward expansion angle can effectively inhibit the generation of kidney-shaped vortex pairs and improve the film cooling efficiency.
Land-based climate change mitigation potentials within the agenda for sustainable development
Authors: Frank Stefan , Gusti Mykola , Havlík Petr , Lauri Pekka , DiFulvio Fulvio , Forsell Nicklas , Hasegawa Tomoko , Krisztin Tamás , Palazzo Amanda , Valin Hugo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Even though enormous expectations for greenhouse gas mitigation in the land use sector exist at the same time worries about potential implications for sustainable development have been raised as many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are closely tied to developments in the sector. Here we assess the implications of achieving selected key SDG indicators for Zero Hunger, Clean Water and Sanitation, Responsible Consumption and Production, and Life on Land on the land-based climate change mitigation potential. We find that protecting highly biodiverse ecosystems has profound impacts on biomass potentials (−30% at >12 US dollar per gigajoule) while other SDGs mainly affect greenhouse gas abatement potentials. Achieving SDGs delivers synergies with greenhouse gas abatement and may even in the absence of additional mitigation policies allow to realize up to 25% of the expected greenhouse gas abatement from land use required to stay on track with the 1.5 °C target until 2050. Future land use mitigation policies should consider and take advantage of these synergies across SDGs.
Forest disturbance alerts for the Congo Basin using Sentinel-1
Authors: Reiche Johannes , Mullissa Adugna , Slagter Bart , Gou Yaqing , Tsendbazar Nandin-Erdene , Odongo-Braun Christelle , Vollrath Andreas , Weisse Mikaela J , Stolle Fred , Pickens Amy , Donchyts Gennadii , Clinton Nicholas , Gorelick Noel , Herold Martin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A humid tropical forest disturbance alert using Sentinel-1 radar data is presented for the Congo Basin. Radar satellite signals can penetrate through clouds, allowing Sentinel-1 to provide gap-free observations for the tropics consistently every 6–12 days at 10 m spatial scale. In the densely cloud covered Congo Basin, this represents a major advantage for the rapid detection of small-scale forest disturbances such as subsistence agriculture and selective logging. Alerts were detected with latest available Sentinel-1 images and results are presented from January 2019 to July 2020. We mapped 4 million disturbance events during this period, totalling 1.4 million ha with nearly 80% of events smaller than 0.5 ha. Monthly distribution of alert totals varied widely across the Congo Basin countries and can be linked to regional differences in wet and dry season cycles, with more forest disturbances in the dry season. Results indicated high user’s and producer’s accuracies and the rapid confirmation of alerts within a few weeks. Our disturbance alerts provide confident detection of events larger than or equal to 0.2 ha but do not include smaller events, which suggests that disturbance rates in the Congo Basin are even higher than presented in this study. The new alert product can help to better study the forest dynamics in the Congo Basin with improved spatial and temporal detail and near real-time detections, and highlights the value of dense Sentinel-1 time series data for large-area tropical forest monitoring. The research contributes to the Global Forest Watch initiative in providing timely and accurate information to support a wide range of stakeholders in sustainable forest management and law enforcement. The alerts are available via the https://www.globalforestwatch.org and http://radd-alert.wur.nl.
Research on the study of the dimensional precision of the parts obtained by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Anghel D C , Rizea A D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article presents research concerning the dimensional accuracy of parts obtained by additive manufacturing, 3D printing. The challenges of additive technology are exposed and also the need to have a vision on the influence of certain technological and geometric parameters on the precision of geometric surfaces. First, a virtual prototype was produced with Catia V5. Then, the virtual prototype was imported by the 3D machine software to obtain the prototyping codes for nine prototypes. The parameters of these prototypes were chosen with the Taguchi method. On the basis of the code obtained with the printer software, the parts have been prototyped, using the Z-ULTRAT material with a ZORTRAX M200 printer. All parts were measured and a database was created. The results were interpreted in order to establish the influence on the dimensional precision for the parts obtained by Additive Manufacturing.
Study of the stator geometry for a Moineau pump
Authors: Baroiu N , Costin G A , Frumușanu G R , Teodor V G , Oancea N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Moineau pumps are volumetric pumps with progressive cavities and have an eccentric rotor towards the rotation axis. The eccentric rotor performs a rotational movement towards a stator, usually made of an elastomer moulded in a cylindrical tube. Producing the pump involves knowing the cross-section of the helical rotor model, as well as knowledge of the stator shape as a complex surface, and of the enwrapping of the rotor lobes in their relative movement, in relation to the stator. An analysis for the trilobed helical pump case is proposed, in which, by defining the rotor shape, the stator model can be formed. The two objects, the rotor and the stator are in reciprocal enwrapping movement, as a result of the revolving without sliding movement (rolling) of two circular centrodes, defined in relation to their front sections. The helical surfaces of the rotor and stator are cylindrical helical surfaces.
Study on the application of CAM techniques on CNC lathes with Y axis and driven tools
Authors: Breaz R E , Racz S G , Girjob C E , Tera M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
CNC lathes with Y axes and driven tools are machine-tools with complex kinematic. Using CAM techniques to program these machines is a cumbersome process and could easily lead to collisions. Collisions may occur not only between tools and workpiece but also between the mobile elements of the CNC lathe. While CAM software package can identify the first type of collisions, for the second type supplementary measures must be taken. This work presents the build of a kinematic model of such a CNC lathe and how can the CAM techniques be improved by using this model.
A review on biomechanics of the hallux valgus pathology and its surgical treatments
Authors: Cofaru N F , Brănescu A H 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The present paper aims at an interdisciplinary field, regarding biomechanics aspects of the Hallux Valgus, which is a frequent deformity in our days. Owing to the importance of the study theme and the social impact, we consider it very important that the state of the art should be as detailed as possible, due to this condition being frequent in women and older people. The review will target recent research of the biomechanics of the foot, the test subjects being in normal conditions and also patients affected by Hallux valgus deformities; likewise, it will define important geometrical elements, which are required for the engineering approach of the issue. As well, the 3D modelling of the condition will be taken into consideration, beside with the surgical procedures and conservative treatments. Another important aspect covered in the paper is regarding the research and CAE simulations using the FEM, alongside with the work stands developed in this area. The bibliographic research found on the most important journals and databases shall be synthesized and structured in order to highlight the big picture of a specific research regarding a future PhD thesis.
Novel trend in case study of industrial robot programming and production system design using the virtual reality
Authors: Holubek R , Ružarovský R , Velíšek K , Janíček M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The current trend of the production systems designing using by industrial robotics aims to reduce deployment time and minimize the value of financial investments. A large number of CAD software of various standards with little shared associativity are currently used for the design of production systems. Pre-production phases are the most demanding time and cost item for designing and programming industrial robots in terms of currently used methods (online and offline programming) at the design stage of new production devices and systems. Especial the new possibilities of using virtual reality in designing manufacturing systems, and the use of non-standard methods for programming of industrial robots in immersive virtual reality environments helps to shorten the pre-production phase of design, time-consuming programming trajectories of industrial robots, as well as tune of collision situations, debugging of robot trajectories and programs, testing and simulation of future production system.
The simplified analysis method of nonlinear buckling and displacement of latticed structure
Authors: Liu S M , Yang W , Han X Q , Meng L X 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In order to simplify the modeling process of building complex lattice structures by finite element analysis software, a simplified method for nonlinear buckling and deformation analysis of lattice structures based on equivalent inertia moment method is proposed. By comparison with the displacements, the latticed structure is equivalent to a solid structure, and the expression of the equivalent inertia moment of a typical latticed structure is given. The finite element analysis software ANSYS is used to analyze the buckling problem and the deformation of latticed structure and the equivalent solid structure, furthermore, the load-displacement curves of the actual structure and equivalent model are obtained. The results show that the simplified analysis method of nonlinear buckling and deformation of latticed structure is feasible and can satisfy the needs of engineering design.
Comparison of the roughness of concave cylindrical surfaces machined with spherical milling cutters and toroidal milling cutters
Authors: Osan A , Banica M , Butnar L , Nasui V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper aims to process the concave cylindrical surfaces. This proposes a comparison between the processing of concave cylindrical surfaces with toroidal milling and the processing of concave cylindrical surfaces with spherical milling. The variable process parameters are the cutting speed, the feed per tooth and the inclination angle between the tool axis and the normal to surface. After processing, the surface with the best roughness is tracked according to the regimes and the tool used. A number of 27 concave cylindrical surfaces machined with toroidal milling cutter and 27 concave cylindrical surfaces machined with spherical head milling are machined. The aim is to measure the arithmetic roughness Ra and the total roughness Rt, these being measured parallel and perpendicular to the direction of advance. In order to confirm the correctness of the measured values, microscopic images with the best surfaces will be captured.
Multi-operative modular tool for cutting and mechanical hardening
Authors: Rosca D M , Folea M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It is well known the important role of the tools for mechanical processing in manufacturing within the present context of the rush for profitability and technical optimization for an environmentally friendly industrial production. Modularization of tools is a way to ensure their versatility being at the same time economically advantageous. In this paper, two milling cutters are adapted in order to be used also for surface hardening. The third tool described here is a newly designed modular tool that, according to needs, can be used to perform rough, finish milling or mechanical hardening.
Research on reliable running time of motorized spindle based on health indicator
Authors: Si Z , Fan L , Jia Z , Liu J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Motorized spindle is one of the key components of CNC machine tools, and its degradation can be monitored in real time to predict the future reliable running time of motorized spindle, It is of great significance to reduce maintenance support cost and improve equipment stability to provide support for maintenance decision. In this paper, based on the comprehensive health index of motorized spindle and reliable running time forecast method, first of all, through the health indicator as a measure of motorized spindle health status characteristic parameters and characteristic parameters for single and multiple health indicator formula respectively, many characteristic parameters by using the method of sequence relations act and the entropy weight method to achieve the unity of the subjective and objective. Then, after the health factor modification, the comprehensive health indicator formula is obtained. Finally, an exponential model based on time series analysis is established to fit the variation trend of comprehensive health indicator of motorized spindle with time, and the expression of health indicator model is obtained. An example is given to verify the rationality and feasibility of the proposed method, and a comparative analysis is made with the reliability of references. The final results show that the proposed method in this paper is effective and reasonable. Can achieve the purpose of reliable running time estimation of motorized spindle.
Investigation of an axial hydrokinetic turbine with the CFD program Flow Simulation
Authors: Tuzharov K , Iliev S , Vilag V , Vilag J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the work, the characteristics of a hydrokinetic axial turbine are obtained by numerical CFD modelling. Using the new research tool, Fluid Computational Dynamics, arises the question as to the accuracy of the solution. That’s why for solving the problem, has been used new numerical method “Sliding mesh”, which is included in the “Flow Simulation” soon. Besides, the numerical results for frequency characteristics are compared with the characteristics obtained by modified analytical model. It was found that for both solutions - for the output powersof the turbine, the differ is (5 … 15) % and for the torques of the working shaft the differ is (4…18) %. Because it’s accepted that the analytical solution is more accurate as it is done by a modified classical method, the compliance of the shape and energy performance characteristics is considered to be a numerical model verification obtained by simulation with the Flow Simulation CFD.
Continuous improvement of the quality management system within an automotion company in Romania
Authors: Zerbes M V , Popescu L G , Olteanu M , Olteanu A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this article, the authors present a case study on the methodology used in the process of continuous improvement of the performance of the quality management system, carried out in a company belonging to the field of production of devices and automation systems. To start this process, the internal audit subsystem and the analysis process performed by the management were first streamlined. In order to improve the non-compliant processes, within the quality management system an improvement strategy was established based on the stages of the 6 sigma methodology, namely the DMAIC model. Following the application of the methodology proposed by the authors, improvements of the processes between 44 and 96% were obtained depending on their type.
Moving object detection of assembly components based on improved background subtraction algorithm
Authors: Zhang K , Tong S , Shi H , Yue G , Zhao J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the automatic assembly of mechanical components, it is difficult to guarantee the quality of assembly image acquisition caused by the change of assembly environment. Firstly, the color space is compared and analysed, and histogram equalization is used to preprocess the image to reduce the impact of image brightness on subsequent processing. Then, based on the texture features of the image, an image reconstruction idea from coarse to fine is created, and an image representation method from macro to micro is established to suppress the pseudo texture and noise texture in image processing. On this basis, an adaptive threshold algorithm based on the target distance is proposed to improve the detection accuracy of the assembly target. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the detection accuracy of moving objects in assembly video frames.
Definition, criteria and approaches in designing suspension system with active controls
Authors: Patriawan D A , Irawan H , Noerpamoengkas A , Setyono B , Ismail A Y 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Comfort and good handling are always a problem in conventional passive suspension systems. The ideal suspension criterion is to have a short time response, have a small amplitude and eliminate the frequency of causes of motion sickness. The system is only obtained with an active suspension system. The active suspension has an actuator that is able to produce a force to reduce the dynamic force of the vehicle. This actuator will be controlled by a PID active control. The test results showed that the active control was able to reduce the amplitude by 18 mm, passes the Sickness motion frequency and can return to the set point in 0.8 seconds.
Vehicle routing problem with simulated annealing using python programming
Authors: Aurachman R. , Baskara D B , Habibie J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Vehicle Routing Problems (VRP) are a type of linear programming problem. This paper tries to explain the completion of VRP using Python Programming with the Simulated Annealing algorithm. Python Programming is used as a tool by utilizing the wealth of packages in python. Python is a popular programming language. Python is easy to learn for beginners. However, there is still no example and guide for solving VRP using simulated annealing in python programming with a process paradigm. This design can be a reference and guide for beginners in dealing with similar problems or the development of existing problems.
Effect of welding methods for different carbon content of ss304 and ss304l materials on the mechanical properties and microstructure
Authors: Setyowati VA , Suheni  , Abdul F , Ariyadi S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Austenitic stainless steel types of SS304 and SS304L are most widely used in the industrial manufacturing because it has excellent weldability and corrosion resistance. It is undeniable that welding is one of the common steps in the manufacturing process and repairing damaged equipment. In this study, three different welding methods including TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding), and MIG (Metal Inert Gas) are described to compare mechanical properties and morphological analysis. The characterizations were conducted by tensile test, XRD, and Metallography. The results of this study indicate that MIG causes higher tensile strength compared to TIG and SMAW, the highest tensile stress value occurs in SS304 material with MIG welding of 679.64 MPa, while the lowest tensile stress value in SS304L material with SMAW welding of 604.89 MPa. Based on microstructure analysis, Both materials present austenite, ferrite, and Cr carbide phases.
Application of lean manufacturing to improve procurement lead time in the case of the steel industry
Authors: Nugroho M Z P , Hasibuan S , Adiyatna H 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The steel industry is classified as a strategic industry that supports many industries, due to continuous national development. The steel industry must improve the quality of its production processes in order to increase its competiveness. One factor that supports the stability of the production process is the procurement process. Delays in the procurement process can disrupt the smooth production process. The purpose of this research is to minimize waste in the steel procurement process by using the value stream mapping method. This research begins by making current state mapping of the actual procurement process, then analyzed the activity categories including value added activity and non-value added activity. In the beginning, the total time value added activity is 7488 minutes and total time non value added activity is 12240 minutes. An improvement was made in terms of the negotiation process, document review, and waiting for an offer, the result of the total value added activity is 7488 minutes and non-value added activity is 2160 minutes, so the procurement process initially 41 days became 21 days.
Microwave assisted hydro-distillation (mhd) of citronella oil from lemongrass plants (cymbopogon nardus): effect of distiller size on oil yield
Authors: Ma’sum Z , Altway A , Mahfud M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The essential oil from Cymbopogon nardus is widely used in industry, especially medicine and perfume. The microwave assisted method has been successfully applied to a laboratory extraction scale, namely Microwave Hydrodistillation. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the distiller capacity to increase the amount of essential oil obtained. The purpose of this study was to increase the scale of the extraction space through hydrodistillation made from microwaves to produce citronella oil with high yield. It was extracted compared to three distillers 1, 2 and 3 L. The feed to solvent ratio marked as F/S was 0.05 - 0.15 g / and microwave power was 400 – 800 W and extraction time 20 – 60 min. The yield obtained slightly decreased with increasing distiller volume for power parameters and F/S ratio. The highest extraction results using the MHD method occurred at 0.5 cm of material size, 800 W of power and 0.05 g / ml of F/S ratio was 1.81%. GC-MS analysis of citronella oil obtained from the dry leaf extract of Cymbopogon nardus showed that the main bioactive composition of citronella oil was citronell, geraniol, and citronellol at 73.76%. Therefore, it makes sense to extract citronella oil from the dried leaves of Cymbopogon nardus by using a larger distiller size.