bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA‐124‐3p suppresses PD‐L1 expression and inhibits tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer cells via modulating STAT3 signaling
Authors: Roshani Asl Elmira , Rasmi Yousef , Baradaran Behzad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProgrammed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) plays a significant role in colorectal tumorigenesis through induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and suppression of antitumor immunity. Furthermore, microRNAs (miRNAs) as the posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression show considerable promise as a therapeutic target for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. Considering this, in vitro effects of miRNA‐124 (miR‐124‐3p) on CRC cell tumorigenesis and Tregs differentiation via targeting PD‐L1 were investigated in the current study. Functional analysis showed that miR‐124 is significantly downregulated in CRC tissues as compared with marginal normal samples (p < .0001), and its downregulation was negatively correlated with PD‐L1 expression. Moreover, a specific region in PD‐L1 3′‐untranslated region was predicted as the miR‐124 target and validated using the luciferase assay. Further investigation showed that transfection of HT29 and SW480 cells with miR‐124 mimics significantly reduced PD‐L1 mRNA, protein, and cell surface expression, and inhibited Tregs in coculture models via modulating interleukin [IL]‐10, IL‐2, tumor necrosis factor α, transforming growth factor beta, and interferon gamma expression levels. Besides, miR‐124 overexpression decreased CRC cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle at the G1 phase through downregulation of c‐Myc and induced apoptosis in CRC cells via upregulation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Also, miR‐124 exogenous overexpression could reduce colony and spheroid formation ability of CRC cells via downregulating CD44 mRNA expression. miR‐124 also diminished MMP‐9 expression and subsequently suppressed cell migration and invasion. We also illustrated that STAT3 signaling was repressed by miR‐124 in CRC cells. Taken together, our findings imply that considering the involvement of miR‐124 in the regulation of PD‐L1 through colorectal tumorigenesis and its remarkable antitumor effects, this miRNA could be regarded as the promising target for the development of therapeutic approaches for colorectal cancer.
Profilin—A master coordinator of actin and microtubule organization in mammalian cells
Authors: Karlsson Roger , Dráber Pavel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe last two decades have witnessed a tremendous increase in cell biology data. Not least is this true for studies of the dynamic organization of the microfilament and microtubule systems in animal cells where analyses of the molecular components and their interaction patterns have deepened our understanding of these complex force‐generating machineries. Previous observations of a molecular cross‐talk between the two systems have now led to the realization of the existence of several intricate mechanisms operating to maintain their coordinated cellular organization. In this short review, we relate to this development by discussing new results concerning the function of the actin regulator profilin 1 as a control component of microfilament‐microtubule cross‐talk.
Role of iron and iron‐related proteins in mesenchymal stem cells: Cellular and clinical aspects
Authors: Mehta Kosha J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are located in various tissues where these cells show niche‐dependent multilineage differentiation and secrete immunomodulatory molecules to support numerous physiological processes. Due to their regenerative and reparative properties, MSCs are extremely valuable for cell‐based therapy in tackling several pathological conditions including COVID‐19. Iron is essential for MSC processes but iron‐loading, which is common in several chronic conditions, hinders normal MSC functionality. This not only aggravates disease pathology but can also affect allogeneic and autologous MSC therapy. Thus, understanding MSCs from an iron perspective is of clinical significance. Accordingly, this review highlights the roles of iron and iron‐related proteins in MSC physiology. It describes the contribution of iron and endogenous iron‐related effectors like hepcidin, ferroportin, transferrin receptor, lactoferrin, lipocalin‐2, bone morphogenetic proteins and hypoxia inducible factors in MSC biology. It summarises the excess‐iron‐induced alterations in MSC components, processes and discusses signalling pathways involving ROS, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, p53, AMPK/MFF/DRP1 and Wnt. Additionally, it evaluates the endogenous and exogenous saviours of MSCs against iron‐toxicity. Lastly, it elaborates on the involvement of MSCs in the pathology of clinical conditions of iron‐excess, namely, hereditary hemochromatosis, diabetes, β‐thalassaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. This unique review integrates the distinct fields of iron regulation and MSC physiology. Through an iron‐perspective, it describes both mechanistic and clinical aspects of MSCs and proposes an iron‐linked MSC‐contribution to physiology, pathology and therapeutics. It advances the understanding of MSC biology and may aid in identifying signalling pathways, molecular targets and compounds for formulating adjunctive iron‐based therapies for excess‐iron conditions, and thereby inform regenerative medicine.
STAT3 activates the transcription of lncRNA NR2F1‐AS1 to promote the progression of melanoma via regulating the miR‐493‐5p/GOLM1 axis
Authors: Bai Mei , Wu Zong‐Zhou , Huang Yan‐Li , Ke Jin , Xu Qing , Wang Xiong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are vital regulators during the biological processes of melanoma. The present study aimed to uncover biological functions of lncRNA termed NR2F1 antisense RNA 1 (NR2F1‐AS1) in melanoma and the potential mechanisms.MethodsRelative levels of NR2F1‐AS1 and miR‐493‐5p in a total of 137 paired primary melanoma tissues and corresponding non‐tumor tissues, as well as three melanoma cell lines, were examined by a real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The clinical significance of NR2F1‐AS1 expression was analyzed statistically. The STAT3 binding motif in the promoter region of NR2F1‐AS1 was identified by JASPAR (http://jaspar.genereg.net). The association between STAT3 and NR2F1‐AS1 was determined by dual‐luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The effects of NR2F1‐AS1 on cell proliferation, migration and were measured by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), Edu, transwell and wound healing assays. Dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA pull‐down assays were applied to validate the interaction among NR2F1‐AS1, miR‐493‐5p and GOLM1. Furthermore, in vivo experiments were conducted to demonstrate the oncogenic role of NR2F1‐AS1 in melanoma.ResultsUp‐regulated NR2F1‐AS1 and down‐regulated miR‐493‐5p were detected in melanoma tumors and cells. The overexpression of NR2F1‐AS1 was induced by STAT3. High NR2F1‐AS1 expression was correlated to advanced tumor stage and poor prognosis of melanoma. Functional studies using CCK‐8, Edu, transwell and wound healing assays revealed that the proliferative, migratory and invasive capacities of melanoma cells were attenuated by the by inhibition of NR2F1‐AS1. Moreover, NR2F1‐AS1 was able to up‐regulate GOLM1 through recognizing and binding miR‐493‐5p. Furthermore, knockdown of miR‐493‐5p distinctly reversed these inhibitory effects of NR2F1‐AS1 down‐regulation on the tumorigenesis and progression of melanoma.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate a key role for NR2F1‐AS1 in melanoma progression via targeting miR‐493‐5p/GOLM1 axis.
Biantennary Alkyl Triazole Glycosides by Double‐click‐Coupling for Water‐in‐Oil‐Emulsification
Authors: Ng Su Han , Mazlee Muhammad Taufiq Firdausi Bin , Heidelberg Thorsten 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA series of biantennary sugar‐based surfactants reflecting glyco‐glycero‐lipids, in which the ester linkage of the surfactant antipodes was replaced by a triazole, has been synthesized and investigated on their emulsifying potential for water‐in‐oil systems related to hydrofuel. The results suggest beneficial interactions of the triazole with fossil‐derived diesel, whereas corresponding interactions appear to destabilize emulsions in ester‐based biodiesel. The highest emulsion stability was observed for 1,3‐linked glycerol‐isomers, where the glucose‐based ATG outperformed the corresponding xylose‐analogue exhibiting a significantly higher Krafft temperature. Molecular modeling results relate this behavior to chromonic interactions of the triazole rings.
Determination of highly polar compounds in atmospheric aerosol particles at ultra‐trace levels using ion chromatography Orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Kwiezinski Carlo , Weller Christian , van Pinxteren Dominik , Brüggemann Martin , Mertes Stephan , Stratmann Frank , Herrmann Hartmut 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA method using ion chromatography coupled to high‐resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry was developed to quantify highly‐polar organic compounds in aqueous filter extracts of atmospheric particles. In total, 43 compounds, including short‐chain carboxylic acids, terpene‐derived acids, organosulfates, and inorganic anions were separated within 33 min by a KOH gradient. Ionization by electrospray was maximized by adding 100 µL min−1 isopropanol as post‐column solvent and optimizing the ion source settings. Detection limits (S/N ≥ 3) were in the range of 0.075–25 μg L−1 and better than previously reported for 22 compounds. Recoveries of extraction typically range from 85 to 117%. The developed method was applied to three ambient samples, including two arctic flight samples, and one sample from Melpitz, a continental backround research site. A total of 32 different compounds were identified for all samples. From the arctic flight samples, organic tracers could be quantified for the first time with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 17.8 ng m−3. Due to the minimal sample preparation, the beneficial figures of merit, and the broad range of accessible compounds, including very polar ones, the new method offers advantages over existing ones and enables a detailed analysis of organic marker compounds in atmospheric aerosol particles.
The Influence of Microstructure on Sound Absorption of Polyurethane Foams through Numerical Simulation
Authors: Chen Shuming , Lei Shuai , Zhu Junhao , Zhang Tao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIt exists an unchanging requirement in modern society to achieve an ideal fuel economy using light acoustic packaging with good sound absorption performance. The Polyurethane (PU) foam with excellent damping properties usually has the characteristics of low mass and low density. Therefore, it is often considered as an ideal sound‐absorbing packaging material. With the further research on the PU foam, we have learned that the inherent microstructure of the PU foam has a special effect on its sound absorption performance. In this paper, the authors theoretically demonstrate the effect of cell size, connectivity and relative pore diameter on sound absorption performance by numerical simulation analysis. From the numerical simulation analysis, the results show that the three cellular structure factors have different effects on the parameters of the Johnson‐Champoux‐Allard (JCA) acoustic model, and all of them can improve the sound absorption coefficient of PU foam. Additionally, the further analysis indicates that the relative pore diameter is the most vital factor to improve the sound absorption performance in the entire frequency domain. This research could be applied to industrial production to reduce the amount of acoustic packaging material used in vehicles while improving the acoustic quality of vehicles.
High peak power passively Q‐switched 2 μm solid‐state laser based on a MoS2 saturated absorber
Authors: Gao Tianwen , Zhang Rui , Shi Zechang , Jiang Ziyin , Guo Ao , Qiao Tianxu , He Chenxi , Wang Guoshui , Yang Xiaotao , Cui Jinhui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA 2 μm passively Q‐switched Tm:YAP solid‐state laser with MoS2 as saturated absorber was demonstrated in this work. MoS2 two‐dimensional materials were prepared by using the method of chemical vapor deposition. The laser achieved high peak power of 21.2 W and high single pulse energy of 19.5 μJ, while maintaining a short pulse width of 916 ns. This is the first time that the peak power of a Tm:TAP solid‐state laser based on a MoS2 saturated absorber has reached 21.2 W. The beam quality factor was M2x = 1.08 and M2y = 1.10.
Deep learning–enhanced T1 mapping with spatial‐temporal and physical constraint
Authors: Li Yuze , Wang Yajie , Qi Haikun , Hu Zhangxuan , Chen Zhensen , Yang Runyu , Qiao Huiyu , Sun Jie , Wang Tao , Zhao Xihai , Guo Hua , Chen Huijun 
Published: April 2021

PurposeTo propose a reconstruction framework to generate accurate T1 maps for a fast MR T1 mapping sequence.MethodsA deep learning–enhanced T1 mapping method with spatial‐temporal and physical constraint (DAINTY) was proposed. This method explicitly imposed low‐rank and sparsity constraints on the multiframe T1‐weighted images to exploit the spatial‐temporal correlation. A deep neural network was used to efficiently perform T1 mapping as well as denoise and reduce undersampling artifacts. Additionally, the physical constraint was used to build a bridge between low‐rank and sparsity constraint and deep learning prior, so the benefits of constrained reconstruction and deep learning can be both available. The DAINTY method was trained on simulated brain data sets, but tested on real acquired phantom, 6 healthy volunteers, and 7 atherosclerosis patients, compared with the narrow‐band k‐space‐weighted image contrast filter conjugate‐gradient SENSE (NK‐CS) method, kt‐sparse‐SENSE (kt‐SS) method, and low‐rank plus sparsity (L+S) method with least‐squares T1 fitting and direct deep learning mapping.ResultsThe DAINTY method can generate more accurate T1 maps and higher‐quality T1‐weighted images compared with other methods. For atherosclerosis patients, the intraplaque hemorrhage can be successfully detected. The computation speed of DAINTY was 10 times faster than traditional methods. Meanwhile, DAINTY can reconstruct images with comparable quality using only 50% of k‐space data.ConclusionThe proposed method can provide accurate T1 maps and good‐quality T1‐weighted images with high efficiency.
Cardiac measurement of hyperpolarized 13C metabolites using metabolite‐selective multi‐echo spiral imaging
Authors: Ma Junjie , Chen Jun , Reed Galen D. , Hackett Edward P. , Harrison Crystal E. , Ratnakar James , Schulte Rolf F. , Zaha Vlad G. , Malloy Craig R. , Park Jae Mo 
Published: April 2021

PurposeNoninvasive imaging with hyperpolarized (HP) pyruvate can capture in vivo cardiac metabolism. For proper quantification of the metabolites and optimization of imaging parameters, understanding MR characteristics such as s of the HP signals is critical. This study is to measure in vivo cardiac s of HP [1‐13C]pyruvate and the products in rodents and humans.MethodsA dynamic 13C multi‐echo spiral imaging sequence that acquires [13C]bicarbonate, [1‐13C]lactate, and [1‐13C]pyruvate images in an interleaved manner was implemented for a clinical 3 Tesla system. of each metabolite was calculated from the multi‐echo images by fitting the signal decay of each region of interest mono‐exponentially. The performance of measuring using the sequence was first validated using a 13C phantom and then with rodents following a bolus injection of HP [1‐13C]pyruvate. In humans, of each metabolite was calculated for left ventricle, right ventricle, and myocardium.ResultsCardiac s of HP [1‐13C]pyruvate, [1‐13C]lactate, and [13C]bicarbonate in rodents were measured as 24.9 ± 5.0, 16.4 ± 4.7, and 16.9 ± 3.4 ms, respectively. In humans, of [1‐13C]pyruvate was 108.7 ± 22.6 ms in left ventricle and 129.4 ± 8.9 ms in right ventricle. of [1‐13C]lactate was 40.9 ± 8.3, 44.2 ± 5.5, and 43.7 ± 9.0 ms in left ventricle, right ventricle, and myocardium, respectively. of [13C]bicarbonate in myocardium was 64.4 ± 2.5 ms. The measurements were reproducible and consistent over time after the pyruvate injection.ConclusionThe proposed metabolite‐selective multi‐echo spiral imaging sequence reliably measures in vivo cardiac s of HP [1‐13C]pyruvate and products.
Stable Pt atomic clusters on carbon nanotubes grafted with carbon quantum dots as electrocatalyst for H2 evolution in acidic electrolyte
Authors: Liang Junwei , Liu Yuxiang , Liu Rongzheng , Zheng Sufan , Si Zhichun , Weng Duan , Kang Feiyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPreparing stable highly dispersed Pt based electrocatalyst is promising to reduce material expense of H2 product via electrocatalytic water splitting. However, it is still a great challenge to obtain stable single atomic Pt catalysts which can be applied in acidic electrolyte. In the present work, we synthesized Pt atomic clusters on carbon quantum dots (CQDs) grafting multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) (Pt content: 1 wt.%) catalysts and then loading the catalysts on carbon cloth (Pt content: 0.01 mg▪cm–2) for activity test. The overpotential of 29 mV versus RHE was obtained over 1%Pt/CQDs/CNT catalysts at the current density of 10 mA▪cm–2, and the Tafel slope of 22 mV decade–1 was obtained, too. Especially, the catalysts showed significant stability in hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) in acidic solution, of which the overpotential was still smaller than that of 20%Pt/C after 10,000 CV cycles. CQDs provided coordinating sites for dispersing Pt atomic clusters and improved the H+ concentration in adjacent area around the Pt clusters. This method provides a general strategy to design the highly efficient electrocatalysts with ultra‐low precious metals for H2 evolution in acidic electrolyte.
Patient Burden with Current Surveillance Paradigm and Factors Associated with Interest in Altered Surveillance for Early Stage HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Gharzai Laila A. , Burger Nicholas , Li Pin , Jaworski Elizabeth M. , Henderson Caitlin , Spector Matthew , Rosko Andy , Chen Michelle M. , Prince Mark E. , Bradford Carol R. , Malloy Kelly M. , Stucken Chaz L. , Swiecicki Paul , Worden Francis , Schipper Matthew J. , Schonewolf Caitlin A. , Shah Jennifer , Jagsi Reshma , Chinn Steve , Shuman Andrew , Casper Keith , Mierzwa Michelle L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Optimal surveillance paradigms for survivors of early stage human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer are not well defined. This study aimed to characterize patient interest in and factors associated with an altered surveillance paradigm.

Materials and Methods
We surveyed patients with Stage I or II HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer treated at a tertiary care institution from 2016 to 2019. Primary outcomes were descriptive assessment of patient knowledge, interest in altered surveillance, burdens of in-person appointments, and priorities for surveillance visits. Ordinal regression was used to identify correlates of interest in altered surveillance.

Results
Sixty-seven patients completed surveys from February to April 2020 at a median of 21 months since completing definitive treatment. A majority (61%) of patients were interested in a surveillance approach that decreased in-person clinic visits. Patients who self-identified as medical maximizers, had higher worry of cancer recurrence, or were in long-term relationships were less likely to be interested. Patients reported significant burdens associated with surveillance visits, including driving distance, time off work, and nonmedical costs. Patients were most concerned with discussing cancer recurrence (76%), physical quality of life (70%), mortality (61%), and mental quality of life (52%) with their providers at follow-up visits.

Conclusion
Patients with early stage HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers are interested in altered surveillance approaches, experience significant burdens related to surveillance visits, and have concerns that are not well addressed with current surveillance approaches, including physical and mental quality of life. Optimized surveillance approaches should incorporate patient priorities and minimize associated burdens.

Implications for Practice
The number of patients with HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers is increasing, and numerous clinical trials are investigating novel approaches to treating these good-prognosis patients. There has been limited work assessing optimal surveillance paradigms in these patients. Patients experience significant appointment-related burdens and have concerns such as physical and mental quality of life. Additionally, patients with early stage HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers express interest in altered surveillance approaches that decrease in-person clinic visits. Optimization of surveillance paradigms to promote broader survivorship care in clinical practice is needed.
Short sleep duration and physical and psychological health outcomes among adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Lubas Margaret M. , Mandrell Belinda N. , Ness Kirsten K. , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Wang Zhaoming , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Krull Kevin R. , Brinkman Tara M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo examine associations between phenotypes of short sleep duration and clinically assessed health conditions in long‐term survivors of childhood cancer.MethodsSurvivors recruited from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort (n = 911; 52% female; mean age 34 years; 26 years postdiagnosis) completed behavioral health surveys and underwent comprehensive physical examinations. Sleep was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Short sleep was defined as ≤6 h per night with phenotypes of short sleep including poor sleep efficiency (<85%), prolonged sleep onset latency (SOL; ≥30 min), and wake after sleep onset (≥3 times per week). Covariates included childhood cancer treatment exposures, demographics, body mass index, and physical inactivity. Separate modified Poisson regression models were computed for each health category to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Multinomial logistic regression models examined associations between sleep and an aggregated burden of chronic health conditions.ResultsShort sleep duration was reported among 44% (95% CI 41%–47%) of survivors. In multivariable models, short sleep duration alone was associated with pulmonary (RR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.08–1.69), endocrine (RR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.06–1.39) and gastrointestinal/hepatic conditions (RR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.18–1.79), and anxiety (RR 3.24, 95% CI 1.64–6.41) and depression (RR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.27–4.27). Short sleep with prolonged SOL was associated with a high/severe burden of health conditions (OR = 2.35, 95% CI 1.12–4.94).ConclusionsShort sleep duration was associated with multiple clinically ascertained adverse health conditions. Although the temporality of these associations cannot be determined in this cross‐sectional study, sleep is modifiable and improving sleep may improve long‐term health in survivors.