bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predators override rainfall effects on tropical food webs
Authors: Ospina‐Bautista Fabiola , Srivastava Diane S. , González Angélica L. , Sparks Jed P. , Realpe Emilio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPredators alter ecological communities by inducing changes in prey abundance and phenotypes, including elemental and isotopic composition. Climatic factors are known to often moderate predator effects on prey abundance, but few studies consider the combined effects of climate and predators on prey phenotype. We examined how altered precipitation moderates the effects of predators on the abundance and the chemical composition of prey, as well as the indirect effects on the basal resource: leaf litter coated in biofilm. Using an experiment with an invertebrate food web module from tank bromeliads, we manipulated the presence of an odonate predator under scenarios of 10‐fold decreased, ambient, and threefold increased precipitation and measured responses of prey and their basal resource. Predators reduced prey abundance while precipitation did not. Both precipitation and predators, either singly or interactively, affected the elemental composition of prey. Predators increased C:N ratios of detritivorous beetles under high precipitation, but reduced the C:N ratio of the basal resource. Precipitation reduced the N content of filter‐feeding mosquitoes. The observed changes in chemical composition may reflect physiological or developmental responses to stress imposed by both predators and drought. This study demonstrates that the impact of predators and precipitation can vary substantially across a food web, including additive and synergistic effects, and numerical and phenotypic responses.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
An AKT/PRMT5/SREBP1 axis in lung adenocarcinoma regulates de novo lipogenesis and tumor growth
Authors: Liu Liu , Yan Hui , Ruan Maomei , Yang Hao , Wang Lihua , Lei Bei , Sun Xiaoyan , Chang Cheng , Huang Gang , Xie Wenhui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProtein kinase B (AKT) hyperactivation and de novo lipogenesis are both common in tumor progression. Sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 (SREBP1) is the master regulator for tumor lipid metabolism, and protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is an enzyme that can catalyze symmetric dimethyl arginine (SDMA) modification of the mature form of SREBP1 (mSREBP1) to induce its hyperactivation. Here, we report that SDMA‐modified mSREBP1 (mSREBP1‐SDMA) was overexpressed and correlated with Ser473‐phosphorylated AKT (AKT‐473P) expression and poor patient outcomes in human lung adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, patients with AKT‐473P and mSREBP1‐SDMA coexpression showed the worst prognosis. Mechanistic investigation revealed that AKT activation upregulated SREBP1 at both the transcriptional and post‐translational levels, whereas PRMT5 knockdown reversed AKT signaling‐mediated mSREBP1 ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway stabilization at the post‐translational level. Meanwhile, AKT activation promoted nuclear PRMT5 to the cytoplasm without changing total PRMT5 expression, and the transported cytoplasmic PRMT5 (cPRMT5) induced by AKT activation showed a strong mSREBP1‐binding ability. Immunohistochemical assay indicated that AKT‐473P and mSREBP1‐SDMA were positively correlated with cPRMT5 in lung adenocarcinomas, and high cPRMT5 levels in tumors were associated with poor patient outcomes. Additionally, PRMT5 knockdown reversed AKT activation‐induced lipid synthesis and growth advantage of lung adenocarcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we defined an AKT/PRMT5/SREBP1 axis involved in de novo lipogenesis and the growth of lung cancer. Our data also support that cPRMT5 is a potential therapeutic target for hyperactive AKT‐driven lung adenocarcinoma.
Chronic bacterial pulmonary infections in advanced cystic fibrosis differently affect the level of sputum neutrophil elastase, IL-8 and IL-6
Authors: Majka Grzegorz , Mazurek Henryk , Strus Magdalena , Ciszek-Lenda Marta , Szatanek Rafał , Pac Agnieszka , Golińska Edyta , Marcinkiewicz Janusz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Advanced cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is commonly characterized by a chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and destructive inflammation caused by neutrophils. However, the lack of convincing evidence from most informative biomarkers of severe lung dysfunction (SLD-CF) has hampered the formulation of a conclusive, targeted diagnosis of CF. The aim of this study was to determine whether SLD-CF is related to the high concentration of sputum inflammatory mediators and the presence of biofilm-forming bacterial strains. Forty-one patients with advanced CF lung disease were studied. The severity of pulmonary dysfunction was defined by forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) &lt; 40%. C-reactive protein (CRP) and NLR (neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio) were examined as representative blood-based markers of inflammation. Expectorated sputum was collected and analysed for cytokines and neutrophil-derived defence proteins. Isolated sputum bacteria were identified and their biofilm-forming capacity was determined. There was no association between FEV1% and total number of sputum bacteria. However, in the high biofilm-forming group the median FEV1 was &lt; 40%. Importantly, high density of sputum bacteria was associated with increased concentrations of neutrophil elastase and interleukin (IL)-8 and low concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10. The low concentration of sputum IL-6 is unique for CF and distinct from that observed in other chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases. These findings strongly suggest that expectorated sputum is an informative source of pulmonary biomarkers representative for advanced CF and may replace more invasive bronchoalveolar lavage analysis to monitor the disease. We recommend to use of the following inflammatory biomarkers: blood CRP, NLR and sputum elastase, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10.
Psychogenic non‐epileptic seizure‐status in patients admitted to the intensive care unit
Authors: Mezouar Nicolas , Demeret Sophie , Rotge Jean Yves , Dupont Sophie , Navarro Vincent 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPsychogenic non‐epileptic seizure‐status (PNES‐status), defined by psychogenic non‐epileptic seizures (PNES) over 30 min, are often misdiagnosed as status epilepticus. We aimed to describe the features of patients who experienced PNES‐status, admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsWe screened the patients hospitalized in our epilepsy unit during a 4‐year period, with a diagnosis of PNES‐status and ICU admission.ResultsAmong 171 patients with PNES, we identified 25 patients (15%) who presented 39 episodes of PNES‐status leading to ICU admission. Some 76% of the patients were women. The median age at the time of the PNES‐status episode was 35 years. Half (48%) alleged a history of epilepsy, but epilepsy was confirmed in only 12%. A history of psychiatric disease was found in 68%. PNES were present in 85% of patients before PNES‐status, and semiology of PNES and PNES‐status was similar for 79% of the patients, including hyperkinetic movements in 95% of the episodes and suspected loss of consciousness in 87%. Benzodiazepines were administrated in 77% of the episodes, antiepileptic drugs in 87%, and antibiotherapy for a ICU‐related infection in 15% of the episodes. Oral intubation was performed in 41% of the episodes. Blood tests showed normal levels of creatine phosphokinase and leucocytes in 90% and 95% of the episodes, respectively. No epileptic activity was found during per‐event electroencephalography but interictal epileptic activity was found in 10% of the episodes.ConclusionHyperkinetic PNES‐status should always be considered as a differential diagnosis of status epilepticus, with a high risk of iatrogenic consequences.
HUMAN CAPITAL AND THE SOCIAL SECURITY TAX CAP
Authors: Blandin Adam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article assesses the revenue potential of removing the Social Security payroll tax cap. I do so within an overlapping generations (OLG) model featuring heterogeneous agents who endogenously invest in risky human capital. Removing the tax cap leads to a sizable increase in Social Security revenues, but also produces a decrease in federal income tax revenues. Taking both Social Security and income taxes into account, removing the tax cap does not raise sufficient revenues to offset looming demographic changes. One factor limiting revenue gains is that removing the tax cap reduces aggregate output, with human capital investment playing a central role.
An integrative review of waiting time, queuing, and design as contributory factors to emergency department violence
Authors: Timmins Fiona , Timmins Bernard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveReports of violence in health care are continuously increasing. Globally there are attempts to manage this phenomenon. However, while risk factors have been identified, there is a tendency to over accentuate the extent of their contribution. Alcohol and drug misuse, for example, are frequently reported, with limited consideration of the ED environment. By far the biggest cause of violence appears to be the presentation of conditions related to or accompanied by mental illness and the impact of queuing and crowded departments on patients and their families. This study aims to examine the extent to which ED waiting times, design and queuing are linked to ED violence.MethodsAn integrative literature review was performed using CINAHL Complete and MEDLINE databases. 110 papers were initially selected, and the final analysis included 25 papers.ResultsThe literature revealed three emerging themes: the nature of emergency department violence, environmental contributory factors and its management and control.ConclusionThe findings of this review reveal several causes of violence. Surprisingly most approaches take a victim blaming approach aimed at identifying potential perpetrators rather than taking a holistic approach to prevention that would also address environmental and societal issues. More is needed in terms of implementation of more far‐reaching, practical, and effective management solutions to promote health care workers’ safety and adequately support vulnerable patients.
Life “With” Or “Without”? An Empirical Study of Homicide Sentencing
Authors: O'Hear Michael , Wheelock Darren 
Published: May 2021

The number of Americans serving sentences of life without the possibility of parole (“LWOP”) has grown rapidly over the past generation and now exceeds 50,000. Yet, little empirical research has been conducted on the determinants of LWOP sentences. The dearth of research on LWOP sentencing stands in sharp contrast to the many dozens of studies that have been conducted on the determinants of death sentences–studies that have consistently found that race, gender, and other questionable factors may influence sentencing outcomes. The present study is the first to employ a similar methodology to identify both case‐ and county‐level variables that are correlated with the imposition of discretionary LWOP sentences.More specifically, we have assessed the relationship between fifty different variables and LWOP decisions in 450 homicide cases in Wisconsin between 2001 and 2018. In our final model, we find seven variables that are correlated with sentencing outcomes. Of particular note, we find that judge and prosecutor personal characteristics are statistically significant correlates of LWOP decisions. We also find a significantly greater likelihood that LWOP sentences will be imposed in counties that are more Republican. We conclude with a proposal for a new LWOP sentencing process that may help to ensure that this very severe sentence is reserved for the most serious crimes committed by the most dangerous defendants.
Which scoring system should be used for non‐variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding? Old or new?
Authors: Jeon Hong Jae , Moon Hee Seok , Kwon In Sun , Kang Sun Hyung , Sung Jae Kyu , Jeong Hyun Yong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimSeveral scoring systems for predicting outcomes in patients with non‐variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) have recently been devised, but not sufficiently validated. We compared the predictive accuracy of several scoring systems and assessed the usefulness of new scoring systems.MethodsThe medical records of 1048 patients with NVUGIB were reviewed to collect demographic, clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic data. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCs) were calculated for the ABC, new Japanese scoring system, Progetto Nazionale Emorrhagia Digestiva (PNED), and other scores to compare their predictive accuracy for 30‐day mortality, therapeutic intervention, rebleeding, and prolonged hospital stay (≥ 10 days). Outcome predictors were identified by multivariate analysis.ResultsThe ABC, new Japanese scoring system, and PNED scores best predicted 30‐day mortality (AUROC 0.907), need for therapeutic intervention (AUROC 0.707), and rebleeding (AUROC 0.874), respectively (all P < 0.001). The ABC and PNED scores were similarly better at predicting prolonged hospital stay (ABC AUROC: 0.765; PNED AUROC: 0.790; both P < 0.001). Thirty‐day mortality was related to sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), syncope, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albumin, heart failure, disseminated malignancy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and liver cirrhosis. Sex, age, SBP, hematemesis, blood urea nitrogen, and eGFR independently predicted the need for therapeutic intervention. Sex, SBP, pulse, albumin level, heart failure, disseminated malignancy, and COPD predicted rebleeding.ConclusionThe outcomes of patients with NVUGIB were better predicted by newly developed than by old scoring systems.
Systematic Screening for Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders to Promote Onsite Mental Health Consultations: A Quality Improvement Report
Authors: Johnson Amber , Stevenson Eleanor , Moeller Loralie , McMillian‐Bohler Jacquelyn 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionPerinatal mood and anxiety disorders are the most common complication during pregnancy and postpartum. Screening, diagnosis, and treatment for these disorders are inhibited by limited mental health resources for patients and health care providers, lack of provider training, and time constraints. Systematic screening combined with onsite mental health consultation is an evidence‐based method to increase timely diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to promote and improve onsite mental health consultations through the implementation of a systematic screening guideline.ProcessThe systematic screening guidelines included administration of the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 at the perinatal intake visit, the Edinburgh Perinatal Depression Scale between 28 and 32 weeks’ gestation and again between 2 and 8 weeks postpartum. The guidelines included onsite mental health consultations for eligible women. Screening rates, attended onsite mental health consultations, and health care provider satisfaction and feedback surveys were collected over a 3‐month period, before and after guideline implementation.OutcomesPerinatal mood and anxiety disorder screening rates were significantly increased from 24.9% to 64.2% (P < .001) at the perinatal intake visit and in the third trimester from 0.3% to 32.8% (P < .001) with the implementation of a systematic screening guideline. Onsite mental health consultations significantly increased from 7.2% to 15.2% (P < .001). Perinatal care providers (n = 9, 100%) were satisfied with the screening guideline and reported that it added 5 minutes or less to their office visits.DiscussionThe implementation of a systematic perinatal mood and anxiety disorder screening guideline increased completed screenings in the perinatal period and increased the number of attended onsite mental health consultations. Systematic screening combined with onsite mental health consultation is a successful way to identify at‐risk women and offer critical and convenient maternal mental health care without increasing the burden on perinatal care providers.
High‐resolution magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry imaging of the human larynx
Authors: Kishimoto Ayami Ohno , Kishimoto Yo , Shi Xudong , Hutchinson Elizabeth B. , Zhang Hua , Shi Yatao , Oliveira Gisele , Li Lingjun , Welham Nathan V. , Rowland Ian J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh‐resolution, noninvasive and nondestructive imaging of the subepithelial structures of the larynx would enhance microanatomic tissue assessment and clinical decision making; similarly, in situ molecular profiling of laryngeal tissue would enhance biomarker discovery and pathology readout. Towards these goals, we assessed the capabilities of high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation‐mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) imaging of rarely reported paediatric and adult cadaveric larynges that contained pathologies. The donors were a 13‐month‐old male, a 10‐year‐old female with an infraglottic mucus retention cyst and a 74‐year‐old female with advanced polypoid degeneration and a mucus retention cyst. MR and molecular imaging data were corroborated using whole‐organ histology. Our MR protocols imaged the larynges at 45–117 μm2 in‐plane resolution and capably resolved microanatomic structures that have not been previously reported radiographically—such as the vocal fold superficial lamina propria, vocal ligament and macula flavae; age‐related tissue features—such as intramuscular fat deposition and cartilage ossification; and the lesions. Diffusion tensor imaging characterised differences in water diffusivity, primary tissue fibre orientation, and fractional anisotropy between the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, mucosae and lesions. MALDI‐MS imaging revealed peptide signatures and putative protein assignments for the polypoid degeneration lesion and the N‐glycan constituents of one mucus retention cyst. These imaging approaches have immediate application in experimental research and, with ongoing technology development, potential for future clinical application.
Psychological responses and coping behaviour of visiting family members during and following unplanned hospital admission
Authors: Rückholdt Monica , Tofler Geoffrey H. , Randall Sue , Whitfield Victoria , Washington Kristy , Fethney Judith , Buckley Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTo describe the psychological symptoms and coping behaviours of visiting family members following the unplanned hospitalisation of their relative.BackgroundHospitalisation of a patient is recognised as a stressful time for visiting family members, who experience psychological morbidity and elevated health risk.DesignThis prospective longitudinal evaluation included 40 family members of patients with unplanned admission to coronary or intensive care. Assessments were conducted at 3 timepoints: in‐hospital within 1 week of admission and again at 2 weeks and 3 months post‐discharge. Measures included symptoms of anxiety, depression, and anger, coping strategies and social support. This paper adhered to STROBE guidelines.ResultsAt the initial in‐hospital assessment study participants reported higher anxiety, depression and anger symptoms levels compared to community matched control participants. Compared to in‐hospital assessment, anxiety and depression levels were lower at 2 weeks and 3 months following hospital discharge. The use of active coping and the use of religion during early hospitalisation were associated with higher anxiety and depression symptoms at 3 months post‐discharge. Conversely, use of instrumental support (getting help and advice from others), planning and venting during early hospitalisation were associated with lower depression symptoms at 3 months. Venting during the hospitalisation period was also associated with lower anxiety symptoms at 3 months.ConclusionResults demonstrate the significant psychological impact of unplanned hospitalisation on visiting family members both during and following hospitalisation. The finding that prolonged psychological response is associated with individual coping strategies employed in the early hospitalised period informs potential preventative approaches for family members at risk of prolonged psychological morbidity following hospitalisation of their loved one.Relevance to clinical practiceThe reported psychological impact of hospitalisation on family members provides a strong imperative for nurses and health professionals to provide early individualised support to reduce the risk of long‐term psychological morbidity.
Increased hydraulic constraints in Eucalyptus plantations fertilized with potassium
Authors: Guillemot Joannès , Asensio Verónica , Bordron Bruno , Nouvellon Yann , le Maire Guerric , Bouillet Jean‐Pierre , Domec Jean‐Christophe , Delgado Rojas Juan Sinforiano , Abreu‐Junior Cassio Hamilton , Battie‐Laclau Patricia , Cornut Ivan , Germon Amandine , De Moraes Gonçalves José Leonardo , Robin Agnès , Laclau Jean‐Paul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFertilization is commonly used to increase growth in forest plantations, but it may also affect tree water relations and responses to drought. Here, we measured changes in biomass, transpiration, sapwood‐to‐leaf area ratio (As:Al) and sap flow driving force (ΔΨ) during the 6‐year rotation of tropical plantations of Eucalyptus grandis under controlled conditions for throughfall and potassium (K) fertilization. K fertilization increased final tree height by 8 m. Throughfall exclusion scarcely affected tree functioning because of deep soil water uptake. Tree growth increased in K‐supplied plots and remained stable in K‐depleted plots as tree height increased, while growth per unit leaf area increased in all plots. Stand transpiration and hydraulic conductance standardized per leaf area increased with height in K‐depleted plots, but remained stable or decreased in K‐supplied plots. Greater Al in K‐supplied plots increased the hydraulic constraints on water use. This involved a direct mechanism through halved As:Al in K‐supplied plots relative to K‐depleted plots, and an indirect mechanism through deteriorated water status in K‐supplied plots, which prevented the increase in ΔΨ with tree height. K fertilization in tropical plantations reduces the hydraulic compensation to growth, which could increase the risk of drought‐induced dieback under climate change.
What Do Easy Inferences Get Us?
Authors: Thomasson Amie L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn Ontology Made Easy (2015), I defend the idea that there are ‘easy’ inferences that begin from uncontroversial premises and end with answers to disputed ontological questions. But what do easy inferences really get us? Bueno and Cumpa (this journal, 2020) argue that easy inferences don’t tell us about the natures of properties—they don’t tell us what properties are. Moreover, they argue, by accepting an ontologically neutral quantifier we can also resist the conclusion that properties or numbers exist. Here I address these two issues in turn—in ways that help clarify both the scope and results of easy ontology.First, it is important to see that easy inferences were never intended to address modal questions. Modal questions are addressed by a different part of the total deflationary view—modal normativism. So understood, metaphysical modal questions nonetheless do not provide a remaining area for serious metaphysical inquiry. Second, I argue that we have reason to resist adopting an ontologically neutral quantifier, if we aim to answer ontological questions (without begging the question). Addressing these issues helps to clarify both what does (and does not) follow from easy inferences, and how they form part of a larger deflationary metametaphysical view.