bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Capital of Farmers in the Rural Communities of Vojvodina
Authors: Janković Dejan , Novakov Marina , Petrović Marica 
Published: May 2021

Summary
The development of rural areas is a complex social, economic, political and cultural issue of immense importance to the development of society as a whole. The vitality of rural communities, which represent a specific socio-spatial phenomenon, affects the development of global society and is inextricably linked to the development and issues of urban areas of each society. Both in theory and development practice, rural development as a complex and enduring process has long been unjustifiably reduced to the economic-agrarian matrix, often reflected in the modernization of agriculture and the centralized and sectoral management of and influence on rural development. The primary focus of this paper is on the social capital of rural communities, i.e. social relations and connections within local rural communities which, alongside other important development factors, are one of the prerequisites to maintaining their vitality. The paper presents the results of a survey on social capital conducted on 281 farms in the region of Vojvodina (Serbia), indicating the characteristics of the social capital on the farms considered and the farmers’ attitudes towards the development and life of their local communities. The social capital of the surveyed farmers was found to be only relatively good, suggesting that the overall social capital in Serbia is underdeveloped because all the farms considered are located in Vojvodina, i.e. the most developed agricultural area in Serbia characterized by rural settlements with the most favorable infrastructural, demographic and economic conditions.
Role of Proline in Mitigating the Deleterious Effects of Heat Stress in Chillies
Authors: Akram Shahbaz , Ayyub C.M. , Shahzad Muhammad , Shahzad Ali 
Published: May 2021

Summary
Chilli is a spicy crop which belongs to family Solanaceae. As a vegetable crop, it is considered as one of the major cultivated crops in the world seriously affected by the climatic changes, including elevation in temperature. Therefore, in this research various morpho-physiological characteristics of chilli were studied for heat tolerance under the influence of exogenous application of proline. This research was carried out in a growth room of the Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Four chilli genotypes were evaluated under the applied conditions. Seeds were grown in plastic pots. Heat stress (40/32 ºC day and night temperature) was applied 30 days after the emergence. Foliar spray of proline (0, 5 and 10 mM) was applied during heat stress, and after 7 days of stress the plants were harvested. The results revealed that the inhibition of chilli growth by heat stress was successfully mediated by proline application. Morphological attributes such as the number of leaves per plant, root and shoot length, plant fresh and dry weight were reduced in response to heat stress, and physiological attributes such as photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency and chlorophyll contents were also reduced in response to heat stress, except transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, which increased under heat stress and showed recovery by proline application. Exogenous application of proline promoted tolerance against heat stress in chilli genotypes and enhanced growth. All the observed traits exhibited recovery in response to proline stimulus, indicating the role of proline in mitigating the consequences of heat stress. Recovery also depends on genetic capability of various cultivars.
SAGA GIS for Computing Multispectral Vegetation Indices by Landsat TM for Mapping Vegetation Greenness
Authors: Lemenkova Polina 
Published: May 2021

Summary
The study presents a comparative analysis of eight Vegetation Indices (VIs) used to examine vegetation greenness over the northern coasts of Iceland. The geographical extent of the study area is set by the coordinates of the two fjords, Eyjafjörður and Skagafjörður, notable for their agricultural significance. Vegetation in Iceland is fragile due to the harsh climate, climate change, overgrazing and volcanic activity, which increase soil erosion. The study was conducted on a Landsat TM image using SAGA GIS as a technical tool for raster bands calculations. The NDVI dataset shows a range from -0.56 to 0.24, with 0 indicating ‘no vegetation’, and negative values – ‘other surfaces’ (e.g. rocks, open terrain). The DVI, compared to the NDVI, shows statistically non-normalized values ranging from -112 to 0, with extreme negative values while the coastal vegetation areas are badly distinguished from the water areas. The NRVI shows an extent from -0.24 to 0.48 with higher values for vegetation. The NRVI reduces topographic, solar and atmospheric effects and creates a normal data distribution. RVI shows a range in a dataset from 0.2 to 3.2 with vegetation in the river valleys clearly visible and depicted, while the water areas have values 0.8 to 1.0. The CTVI shows corrected TVI, in a data range -0.10 to 1.10, as the dataset of NDVI were negative. The TVI dataset ranges from 0.44 to 0.80 with the ice-covered areas and glaciers distinguishable and water values within a range from 0.60 to 0.64 and the vegetation from 0.60 to 0.44. The TTVI dataset ranges from 0.40 to 0.80 performing similarly to the TVI, but more refined with vegetation values 0.64 to 0.68. SAVI dataset ranges from -0.80 to 0.30 with minimized effects of soil on the vegetation through a constant soil adjustment factor added into the NDVI formula. The paper presents a comparison of eight VIs for Arctic vegetation monitoring. The overall behavior of SAGA GIS in calculation and mapping of the VIs is effective in terms of their use for vegetation mapping of the region.
An Assessment of the Performance of the Amasya Bayezid II Mosque Under Static and Dynamic Loads
Authors: Şeker B. Ş. , Büyükgüner Gizem 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Located in the north-central part of Anatolia, Amasya has hosted many civilizations throughout history. The city existed as a major commercial and cultural center during the Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman eras. Many monumental works were gifted by these civilizations to the city, including the Bayezid II Mosque, which was constructed during the Ottoman Empire. In this study, the Bayezid II Mosque was assessed under static and dynamic loads. Results from the static analyses revealed the sections where stress and deformations occurred under static loads. Iron braces were used in these parts to reduce these impacts. Results from the dynamic analyses indicated that the sections of the structure where stresses and deformations have large values are the domes, the minarets, narthex, and the bottom and top points of the columns in the main load-bearing unit. The data derived from this study can serve to guide future restoration efforts.
Relevant Issues of Research of Minors’ Antisocial Behavior
Authors: Huzik Oleksandra 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The study of the antisocial behavior of minors is of interest to many scientists: from pedagogues and psychologists to lawyers and criminologists. On the one hand, this has led to important and diverse research detailing the nature, causes, and consequences of deviance among youth. This makes it possible to develop better mechanisms for the prevention of juvenile delinquency, punishment, and resocialization of minor offenders. But on the other hand, this diversity caused contradictory approaches to defining the boundaries of deviance and delinquency, as well as the correlation of these terms. This paper offers an overview of the interdisciplinary scientific discussion on the relationship between delinquency and deviance as types of antisocial behavior, and structures these approaches. It also defines limitations in the field and generates new ideas and directions for future research. In the second part, we examine the causes of juvenile delinquency, with a particular interest in causes that can be corrected. Thus, we found that proper upbringing can “treat” not only anti-social attitudes and values, low educational and professional skills of the offender, poor cognitive and interpersonal skills but also innate tendencies to aggression.
Relevant Problems of the Correlation Between the Concept and Content of the Right to Freedom of Conscience and Religion
Authors: Melnykova Dariia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The right to freedom of conscience and religion is a fundamental natural right, which is enshrined in international legal acts and acts of national legislation. At the same time, the different regulation of the mentioned right in distinct acts attracts attention. Variations include the “right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion”, “the right to freedom of conscience and confession” etc. This article analyzes all cases of terminological regulation of the right to freedom of conscience and religion. The content of each of the categories is analyzed, due to which the concept of the right to freedom of conscience and religion is defined and a clear distinction is made between each of the categories. Along with this, the interaction of the content and the concept of the right to freedom of conscience and religion is established. Based on the research conducted within the article, the most successful concept for expressing the content of the right to freedom of conscience and religion is determined. The article also analyzes the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights on the vision of the content and concept of the right to freedom of conscience and religion.
Using Neural Networks to Predict Wages Based on Worker Skills
Authors: James Otto , Han Chaodong , Tomasi Stella 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the results of our Neural Network (NN) models that predict annual wages based on the combination and levels of 35 different skills possessed by wage earners. These models can estimate the value of skills for skill-based compensation systems. They can be used by employers to determine how much to compensate different combinations of skills and by employees to estimate what they should be paid. Finally, governments can use the models to support the development and analysis of labor policies. We collect and integrate official U.S. Government data on 35 general job skills with the annual wage data for over 900 standard occupations. The skills data is then used as inputs to train an artificial intelligence (Al) neural network (NN) models. The resulting NN models train to above 70 percent accuracy in predicting annual wage levels based on the combination and levels of 35 different skills. This research makes use of authoritative U.S. Government data in new ways that can be used to better understand the connections between general skills and their relationships to wages. The need for these types of analytical tools is all the more important as changes in the job market have been severely impacted by the COVID 19 pandemic and are increasingly at risk of being replaced by automation.
Tense/Aspect Marking in Arabic-Based Pidgins
Authors: Alshammari Wafi Fhaid 
Published: May 2021

Summary
The earliest stages of pidgin formation show a preference for analytic and morphologically reduced grammatical constructions relative to their lexifier or substrate languages, where the apparent morphological marking, if found, seems to be fossilized. Structural relations, therefore, are mostly expressed externally. Tense/aspect categories are marked through temporal adverbials or inferred from the context. Creole languages, however, are said to develop such categories through grammaticalization. This study examines tense/aspect marking in five Arabic-based pidgins: Juba Arabic, Turku Pidgin, Pidgin Madame, Romanian Pidgin Arabic, and Gulf Pidgin Arabic. Using Siegel’s (2008) scale of morphological simplicity, from lexicality to grammaticality, this study concludes that tense/aspect marking is expressed lexically through temporal adverbials or inferred from the context in the earliest stages of Arabic-based pidgins, which only later—in stabilized pidgins—develops into grammaticalized markers when certain criteria are met.
Optimizing the Use of Microsoft Excel for Employees' Administrative Tasks at Le Premier Hotel Kota Deltamas, Cikarang
Authors: Weli Weli , Pambudi Rilo , Meilia Esther , Joshua Daniel 
Published: May 2021

This community service activity was motivated by the needs of the employees at Le Premier Hotel, Kota Deltamas, Cikarang. They are mostly unfamiliar with Microsoft Excel and do not use it for data processing and completing their daily tasks. Microsoft Excel is an automated data processing application that can be used for various administrative purposes, from simple to complex ones. Forty employees of Le Premier Hotel participated in this program. Preliminary analysis results show that only a few employees can use Microsoft Excel while the ability to use this application is needed as the work volumes and the timeline for finishing the increase of the work. This activity aims to train the employees at Le Premier Hotel Kota Deltamas, Cikarang on how to use Microsoft Excel in completing their daily tasks. With this, it is hoped that they could complete their work more quickly and more accurately which will improve their work performance and skill. The method adopted in implementing this community service program is tutoring and hands-on training of Microsoft Excel using a computer or a laptop. The results are positive, i.e. adding knowledge and skills of how to use some basic operations for report preparation needs. The activities ran smoothly as scheduled. In addition, the activity was easily and comfortably held because all the participants had a laptop provided by the Le Premier Hotel Kota Deltamas, Cikarang. The participants claimed that this community service program has benefited them, and expected to get more advanced training to improve their capabilities in using Microsoft Excel and to facilitate them in completing their tasks.
Efektivitas Pemanfaatan Aplikasi LOCUS GIS dan MAPIT GIS Untuk Pengumpulan Data Pendaftaran Tanah
Authors: Ariwibowo Muhammad Mahirda , Suharno Suharno , Wahyuni Wahyuni 
Published: May 2021

Abstract: The activity of collecting land registration data is the main stage in the Complete Systematic Land Registration program (PTSL). Nowadays, the acceleration strategy by utilizing information technology such as Locus GIS and Mapit GIS as an android-based application for support land data collection activities has been widely used, both free and paid. Therefore, the factors of effectiveness of the application are important to be considered by the users so that they can be used appropriately and optimally according to user needs. This study aims to explore important matters related to the features owned and their advantages and disadvantages and usability of applications for collecting land registration data. Mix methods were used in this study which combines two approaches, namely qualitative and quantitative approach. The data of this study was collected through interview, observation and questionnaire. The result of this study shows that 1) Application features of Locus GIS and Mapit GIS can be used for land data collection by considering the advantages and disadvantages of each; 2) The results of evaluating the utility test toward both applications for land data collection in accordance with ISO / IEC 9126-1 and ISO / IEC 9126-4 standards shows that it is equivalent to "Good" in the ratings and "Very Effective" in the categories.Keyword: The Effectiveness, Locus GIS, Mapit GIS, PTSL. Intisari: Pengumpulan data pendaftaran tanah menjadi tahapan utama dalam program Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL). Strategi percepatan dengan memanfaatkan teknologi informasi seperti Locus GIS dan Mapit GIS sebagai aplikasi berbasis android untuk mendukung kegiatan pengumpulan data pertanahan telah banyak digunakan dari yang gratis maupun yang berbayar. Maka dari itu faktor efektivitas aplikasi menjadi penting untuk dipertimbangkan pengguna sehingga bisa dimanfaatkan secara tepat dan optimal sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi hal penting terkait fitur yang dimiliki beserta kelebihan dan kekurangannya dan kedayagunaan aplikasi untuk pengumpulan data pendaftaran tanah. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan mix methods yang menggabungkan dua bentuk pendekatan, yaitu kualitatif dan kuantitatif melalui wawancara, observasi dan pemberian kuesioner. Hasil penelitian ini 1) Fitur Aplikasi Locus GIS dan Mapit GIS dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengumpulan data pertanahan dengan pertimbangan kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing; 2) Hasil evaluasi uji kedayagunaan kedua aplikasi untuk pengumpulan data pertanahan sesuai standar ISO/IEC 9126-1 dan ISO/IEC 9126-4 menunjukkan hasil dengan penilaian “Baik” dan kategori “Sangat Efektif”.Kata Kunci: Efektivitas, Locus GIS, Mapit GIS, PTSL.
Are thyroid functions affected in children diagnosed with COVID-19?
Authors: YILMAZ Kamil , UNAL Edip 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: In December 2019, a novel type of coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China and started to spread rapidly. It is unclear whether the thyroid gland is affected in patients with COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the changes in thyroid function in pediatric patients with COVID-19.
Methods: This study enrolled 79 patients aged 0-18 years with confirmed COVID-19 and the control group consisted of 57 healthy children. All patients thyroid function tests and acute phase reactants were studied.
Results: The median age was 132 months in the patient group and 108 months in the control group. TSH level was lower in the COVID-19 patients compared to the controls although the difference did not statistical significance (p=0.051). Free T3 level was significantly lower in the patient group compared to the control group (p
Az I. világháború hadműveleti változásai
Authors: Szilágyi-Kiss Hajnalka 
Published: May 2021

Jelen írás összefoglalja az I. világháború főbb harcművészeti változásait, a hangsúlyt az új fegyvernemek megjelenésére és a levonható tapasztalatok összegyűjtésére fektetve. Az I. világháború éveit a rövid 1914-es mozgóháborút nem figyelembe véve az állásharc és a mozdulatlanság jellemezte. A nyugati nagyhatalmak gyors gazdasági fejlődése és a népesség növekedése lehetővé tette a modern technika bevetését, és ezen keresztül vezetett az anyagháború kibontakozásához. Az antant sikerét elsősorban a harckocsinak és a repülőgépnek köszönheti, bár fontos tényező az is, hogy a német oldalon elmondható, hogy a kapituláció közvetlen okozója elsősorban a hátország, a társadalom támogatásának összeomlása és kimerülése.
Efektivitas Pemungutan Pajak Restoran dalam Meningkatkan Penerimaan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kota Baubau
Authors: Mahyudin Mahyudin , Nastia Nastia , Sa'ban L.M. Azhar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. That there are several factors that become obstacles in implementing restaurant tax collection. These factors are internal factors and external factors. This research uses a mixed approach between quantitative and qualitative. The results of this research are 1) The development of total Baubau City restaurant tax revenue in the 2017-2020 period was in 2017 which was 1.50 and decreased in 2018 which was 1.18. In 2019, there was an increase of 1.41. Based on the effectiveness criteria used, it shows that the restaurant tax revenue in Baubau City is classified as effective, 2) The restaurant tax contribution to local revenue is quite small. This can be seen that starting in 2017 the contribution was 0.03%, the contribution of restaurant tax to PAD increased in 2018 by 0.05% but then the contribution of restaurant tax to PAD in 2019 decreased again by 0.04%, 3) Factors that hinder the effectiveness of restaurant tax revenue are Internal Factors, namely factors from within the Financial Management Agency, Regional Assets and Revenue itself and external factors that come from outside the Regional Financial, Asset and Income Management Agency.Keywords: Effectiveness, Restaurant Tax, Local RevenueAbstrak. Bahwa terdapat beberapa faktor yang menjadi kendala dalam pelaksanaan pemungutan pajak restoran. Faktor tersebut adalah faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Penelitian ini menggunakan dalam pendekatan campuran antara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil dpenelitian ini adalah 1) Perkembangan dari total penerimaan pajak restoran Kota Baubau dalam kurun waktu 2017-2020 adalah pada tahun 2017 yaitu sebesar 1,50 dan mengalami penurunan pada tahun 2018 yaitu sebesar 1,18. Pada tahun 2019 mengalami peningkatan sebesar 1,41. Berdasarkan kriteria efektivitas yang digunakan, menunjukkan bahwa penerimaan pajak restoran Kota Baubau tergolong efektif, 2) Kontribusi pajak restoran terhadap pendapatan asli daerah termasuk cukup kecil. Hal ini dapat dilihat mulai tahun 2017 kontribusinya sebesar 0,03%, kontribusi pajak restoran terhadap PAD mengalami kenaikan pada tahun 2018 sebesar 0,05% tetapi kemudian kontribusi pajak restoran terhadap PAD pada tahun 2019 mengalami penurunan lagi sebesar 0,04%, 3) Faktor-faktor yang menghambat efektivitas penerimaan pajak restoran adalah Faktor Internal yaitu faktor dari dalam Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan, Aset dan Pendapatan Daerah itu sendiri dan Faktor eksternal yaitu berasal dari luar Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan, Aset dan Pendapatan Daerah.Kata Kunci: Efektivitas, Pajak Restoran, Pendapatan Asli Daerah
PERAN PEMERINTAH DESA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA (BUMDes)
Authors: Ubi Laru Ferdi Harobu , Suprojo Agung 
Published: May 2021

Abstrak : Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan peran Pemerintah Desa Tlekung dalam pengembangan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes), serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berperan dalam pelaksanaan peran yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Desa Tlekung. Penelitian yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data triangulasi dan teknik analisis interaktif Miles and Huberman. Hasil dari penelitian diketahui bahwa terdapat lima peran yang telah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Desa Tlekung. Dalam menjalankan peranannya tersebut terdapat Faktor pendukung yaitu tersedianya sarana prasana, adanya kebijakan khususmengenai pengurus, adanya pembinaan dan pengawasan. Sedangkan untuk faktor penghambatyang dihadapi adalah minimnya kesadaran masyarakat dalam melakukan pengembalian piutang, dan minimnya kemampuan pengurus dalam hal pembuatan laporan keuangan. Kata kunci: Peran, Pemerintah Desa, Badan Usaha Milik Desa Abstract :The purpose of this study is to describe the role of the Tlekung Village Government in the development of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes), and identify the factors that play a role in the implementation of the role carried out by the Tlekung Village Government. This study uses a qualitative approach, using triangulation data collection techniques and Miles and Huberman's interactive analysis techniques. The results showed that there were five roles that had been carried out by the Tlekung Village Government. In carrying out this role, there are supporting factors, namely the availability of infrastructure, the existence of special policies regarding management, guidance and supervision. The inhibiting factors were the lack of public awareness in returning receivables, and the lack of the board's ability to make financial reports. Keywords: The Role, Village Government, Village-Owned Enterprises