bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Caregiver Burden as a Predictive Factor for Patient Outcomes in Patients Receiving Anti-cancer Systemic Therapy at a Tertiary Institution in Cebu City
Authors: Sy Clarence Aaron Cheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Though found to be a common occurrence in individuals caring for patients with debilitating illnesses such as cancer, caregiver burden remains underprioritized, and its relationship with patient outcomes is only sparingly described. Methodology: This cross-sectional, observational study included 50 patient-caregiver pairs receiving anti-cancer systemic therapy at a tertiary hospital in Cebu City. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were obtained. Patient quality of life was measured using the EQ-5D-5L Questionnaire, while caregiver burden was assessed with the Zarit Burden Interview. The association between caregiver burden and patient outcomes were examined using multivariate logistic regression models and bivariate analysis.Results: Patients included in the study were predominantly females, middle-aged to elderly, and in advanced stages of disease, whereas caregivers were mostly female, and younger in relation. The usual patient-caregiver relationships were spousal and parental. Educational attainment, employment status and income varied among caregivers, and were significantly associated with caregiver burden, as were patient age, a lung primary, and limitations in patient mobility, self-care and ability to perform usual activities. On the other hand, higher levels of caregiver burden were linked to quality of life impairment, increased anxiety or depression, and more frequent hospital admissions for patients.Discussion: The level of care in patients requiring continuous assistance often leads to an imbalance of care demands relative to the caregiver’s personal time and space, roles and resources, the latter being particularly relevant in the third-world setting where healthcare expenditure remains largely out-of-pocket. Patients likewise suffer from the burden they unwillingly impose on caregivers, with self-perceived burden contributing significantly to patient anxiety and depression, and influencing therapeutic choices in the direction of palliative care over curative therapy. Additionally, a higher level of caregiver burden was found to compromise the quality of care, and increase reliance on health systems, often leading to more frequent hospital admissions, perpetuating a vicious cycle of demand and burden.Conclusions: Financial standing, which can be influenced by educational attainment, employment status and income, was found to be significantly associated with caregiver burden. Patient-related factors such as age, a lung primary, and assistance requirement were also associated factors. Conversely, caregiver burden was found to influence patient quality of life via the impairment of mobility, self-care and ability to perform activities of daily living, and an increase in anxiety or depression. Higher levels of caregiver burden were also found to be associated with a higher frequency of hospital admissions for the patient.
Physiological Response and Proteomics Analysis of Reaumuria soongorica Under Salt Stress
Authors: Yan Shipeng , Chong Peifang , Zhao Ming , Liu Hongmei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Soil salinity can severely restrict plant growth. Yet Reaumuria soongorica can tolerate salinity well. However, large-scale proteomic studies of this plant’s salinity response have yet to reported. Here, R. soongorica seedlings (4 months old) were used in an experiment where NaCl solutions simulated levels of soil salinity stress. The fresh weight, root/shoot ratio, leaf relative conductivity, proline content, and total leaf area of R. soongorica under CK (0 mM NaCl), low (200 mM NaCl), and high (500 mM NaCl) salt stress were determined. The results showed that the proline content of leaves was negatively correlated with salt concentration. With greater salinity, the plant fresh weight, root/shoot ratio, and total leaf area increased initially but then decreased, and vice-versa for the relative electrical conductivity of leaves. Using iTRAQ proteomic sequencing, 47, 177, 136 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in low-salt vs. CK, high-salt vs. control, and high-salt vs. low-salt comparisons, respectively. A total of 72 DEPs were further screened from the groups, of which, 34 DEPs increased and 38 DEPs decreased in abundance. These DEPs are mainly involved in translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis. Finally, 21 key DEPs (SCORE value ≥ 60 point) were identified as potential targets for salt tolerance of R. soongolica. By comparing the protein structure of treated vs. CK leaves under salt stress, we revealed the key candidate genes underpinning R. soongolica’s salt tolerance ability. This works provides fresh insight into its physiological adaptation strategy and molecular regulatory network, and a molecular basis enhancing breeding, under salt stress conditions.
Optical Imaging of the Small Intestine Immune Compartments Across Scales
Authors: Planchette Arielle , Schmidt Cédric , Burri Olivier , de Agüero Mercedes Gomez , Radenovic Aleksandra , Mylonas Alessio , Extermann Extermann 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The limitations of 2D microscopy constrain our ability to observe and understand tissue-wide networks that are, by nature, 3-dimensional. Optical projection tomography enables the acquisition of large volumes (ranging from micrometres to centimetres) in various tissues, with label-free capacities for the observation of auto-fluorescent signals as well fluorescent-labelled targets of interest in multiple channels. We present a multi-modal workflow for the characterization of both structural and quantitative parameters of the mouse small intestine. As proof of principle, we evidence its applicability for imaging the mouse intestinal immune compartment and surrounding mucosal structures. We quantify the volumetric size and spatial distribution of Isolated Lymphoid Follicles (ILFs) and quantify density of villi throughout centimetre long segments of intestine. Furthermore, we exhibit the age- and microbiota-dependence for ILF development, and leverage a technique that we call reverse-OPT for identifying and homing in on regions of interest. Several quantification capabilities are displayed, including villous density in the autofluorescent channel and the size and spatial distribution of the signal of interest at millimetre-scale volumes. The concatenation of 3D image acquisition with the reverse-OPT sample preparation and a 2D high-resolution imaging modality adds value to interpretations made in 3D. This cross-modality referencing technique is found to provide accurate localisation of ROIs and to add value to interpretations made in 3D. Importantly, OPT may be used to identify sparsely-distributed regions of interest in large volumes whilst retaining compatibility with high-resolution microscopy modalities, including confocal microscopy. We believe this pipeline to be approachable for a wide-range of specialties, and to provide a new method for characterisation of the mouse intestinal immune compartment.
Maintenance Preventive Analysis in Additive Manufacturing Equipment using Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Ayala Pablo , Herrera Hugo Francisco López 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Maintenance preventive (PM) on equipment is a very important issue for an effective manufacturing system, since the improper MP might cause many problems affecting productivity, precision, flexibility and quality of the products negatively. On the other hand, analysis of MP equipment among many alternatives can be a multicriteria decision making (MCDM) problem. In this study, an integrated approach which employs analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and preference ranking elements, is proposed for the MP equipment of 3D printer machine. The AHP is used to analyze the structure of the equipment problems and to determine weights of the criteria, and this method is used to obtain final ranking. Proposed approach is applied to a problem of 3D printer machines to be established a MP strategy.
Assessing The Public Health Benefits of Parkrun By Modelling Performance And Participation At Events In Scotland
Authors: Gilburn Andre 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: parkrun is a hugely successful public health initiative that encourages inactive people to exercise. The parkrun results database is likely to contain a wealth of potentially important public health information on the fitness benefits and participation patterns of parkrun, yet this resource has been ignored. The aim was to identify patterns in performance and attendance of participants at parkrun events in Scotland to enhance the future health benefits of parkrun through widening participation particularly by identifying features of events that overcome barriers to women taking part.Study design: The study conducted linear and binomial mixed models of age-graded performance, sex ratio and age of participants at parkrun events held in Scotland. Predictor variables were age, sex, parkrun ID number, number of runs, elevation gain, surface type and travelling time to the next nearest parkrun event. The data were generated from parkrun results pages for 56 events in Scotland. Results: There was a decline in the mean performance of participants at events, however individual performances improved over time. The sex ratio was male biased but the proportion of female participants has been increasing. Events in the most remote parts of Scotland had the lowest age graded performance scores and the highest proportion of female participants with the remotest events exhibiting a female bias in participation. Events on slower surfaces had a higher proportion of female participants.Conclusion: This study reports that parkrun events are becoming more inclusive with new participants being increasingly unfit women. In remoter parts of Scotland the traditional male bias in participation in sport has actually become a slight female bias revealing parkrun has seemingly overcome traditional barriers to female participation in sport. Events with slower surfaces had more female participants. Prioritising the creation of events at more remote locations and on slower surfaces could increase inclusivity and widen participation further. These findings could also help general practitioners prescribe those events that are most likely to benefit new participants making the parkrun practice initiative more effective. For example, women might be encouraged to attend traditionally slower events than men.
Simple Hurricane Model: Asymmetry and Dynamics
Authors: Mendes David , Júnior José Francisco de Oliveira , Mendes Monica Cristina Damião , Filho Washington Luiz Félix Correia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In recent decades, the development of several products and hurricane-related models has attempted to predict the dynamic conditions of these systems and regions beyond they can impact. Thus, this article presents a parametric model to describe wind asymmetry in these systems. For this, the analysis of this model was applied in Hurricane Ike, which occurred in September 2008. In this model, the tangential wind field above the boundary layer was considered in balance with the thermal wind. It was possible to identify that as Hurricane Ike evolves, tangential velocity also evolves. Thus, there was a change in static, baroclinic, and inertial stability. An exponential radial reduction was included for maximum speed, and, therefore, the maximum winds always to the right of the hurricane displacement were identified. In addition, pumping near the surface had an influx into this system induced caused by drag between the air and the surface.
Elevated Average Maximum Intrabolus Pressure on High-Resolution Manometry is Associated with Esophageal Dysmotility and Delayed Esophageal Emptying on Timed Barium Esophagram
Authors: Madigan Katelyn , Smith J. Shawn , Evans Joni , Clayton Steven 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Intrabolus pressure (IBP) recorded by high-resolution manometry (HRM) portrays the compartmentalized force on a bolus during esophageal peristalsis. HRM may be a reliable screening tool for esophageal dysmotility in patients with elevated average maximum IBP (AM-IBP). Timed barium esophagram (TBE) is a validated measure of esophageal emptying disorders, such as esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction and achalasia. This study aimed to determine if an elevated AM-IBP correlates with esophageal dysmotility on HRM and/or delayed esophageal emptying on TBE.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of all HRM (unweighted sample n=155) performed at a tertiary referral center from 09/2015-03/2017 yielded a case group (n=114) with abnormal AM-IBP and a control group (n=41) with a normal AM-IBP (pressure<17mmHg) as consistent with Chicago Classification 3. All patients received a standardized TBE, with abnormalities classified as greater than 1 cm of retained residual liquid barium in the esophagus at 1 and 5 minutes or as tablet retention after 5 minutes.
Results
AM-IBP was significantly related to liquid barium retention (p=0.003) and tablet arrest on timed barium esophagram (p=0.011). A logistic regression model correctly predicted tablet arrest in 63% of cases. Tablet arrest on AM-IBP correlated with an optimal prediction point at 20.1 mmHg on HRM. Patients with elevated AM-IBP were more likely to have underlying esophageal dysmotility (95.6% vs. 70.7% respectively; p<0.001), particularly esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction disorders. Elevated AM-IBP was associated with incomplete liquid bolus transit on impedance analysis (p=0.002).
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that an elevated AM-IBP is associated with abnormal TBE findings of esophageal tablet retention and/or bolus stasis. An abnormal AM-IBP (greater than 20.1 mm Hg) was associated with a higher probability of retaining liquid bolus or barium tablet arrest on TBE and esophageal dysmotility on HRM. This finding supports the recent incorporation of IBP in Chicago Classification v4.0.
Exploration of Various Roles of Hypoxia Genes in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Ma Jimin , Zhu Yakun , Guo Ziming , Yang Xuefei , Fan Haitao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor that often metastasizes in orthopedic diseases. Although multi-drug chemotherapy and surgical treatment have significantly improved the survival and prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma, the survival rate is still very low due to frequent metastases in patients with osteosarcoma. In-depth exploration of the relationship between various influencing factors of osteosarcoma is very important for screening promising therapeutic targets. Methods: This study used multivariate COX regression analysis to select the hypoxia genes SLC2A1 and FBP1 in patients with osteosarcoma, and used the expression of these two genes to divide the patients with osteosarcoma into high-risk and low-risk groups. Then, we first constructed a prognostic model based on the patient's risk value, and compared the survival difference between the high expression group and the low expression group. Second, in the high expression group and the low expression group, compare the differences in tumor invasion and inflammatory gene expression between the two groups of immune cells. Finally, the ferroptosis-related genes with differences between the high expression group and the low expression group were screened, and the correlation between these genes was analyzed. Results: In the high-risk group, immune cells with higher tumor invasiveness, macrophages M0 and immune cells with lower invasiveness included: mast cell resting, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and monocytes. Finally, among genes related to ferroptosis, we found AKR1C2, AKR1C1 and ALOX15 that may be related to hypoxia. These ferroptosis-related genes were discovered for the first time in osteosarcoma. Among them, the hypoxia gene FBP1 is positively correlated with the ferroptosis genes AKR1C1 and ALOX15, and the hypoxia gene SLC2A1 is negatively correlated with the ferroptosis genes AKR1C2, AKR1C1 and ALOX15. Conclusion: This study constructed a prognostic model based on hypoxia-related genes SLC2A1 and FBP1 in patients with osteosarcoma, and explored their correlation with immune cells, inflammatory markers and ferroptosis-related genes. This indicates that SLC2A1 and FBP1 are promising targets for osteosarcoma research.
A Bioinformatic Investigation of Proteasome And Autophagy Expression in The Central Nervous System
Authors: Watanabe Yasuhiro , Takeda Haruka , Honda Naoto , Hanajima Ritsuko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy lysosome pathway (ALP) play major roles in protein quality control. However, data regarding the relative significance of UPS and ALP in the central nervous system (CNS) remain limited. In this study, we reckon the quantitative expression status of UPS- and ALP-related genes and their products in the CNS compared to that in other tissues. We collected human and mouse gene expression datasets from the reference expression dataset (RefEx) and Genevestigator (a tool for handling curated transcriptomic data from public repositories) and human proteomics data from the proteomics database (ProteomicsDB). The expression levels of genes and proteins in four categories—ubiquitin, proteasome, autophagy, and lysosome in cells and tissues were extracted. Perturbation of expression by drugs was also analyzed based on the four categories. Compared to that for the other three categories, proteasome gene expression was consistently low in the CNS of mice, and was more pronounced in humans. Neural stem cells and neurons showed low proteasome gene expressions when compared to non-neuronal stem cells. Proteomic analyses, however, did not show trends similar to those observed in the gene expression analyses. Perturbation analyses revealed that agents such as azithromycin and vitamin D3 upregulated the expression of both the UPS and ALP. Disproportional expression of the UPS and ALP might play a role in the pathophysiology of CNS disorders and this imbalance might be redressed by several therapeutic candidates.
Bimanual Motor Skill Learning With Robotics in Chronic Stroke
Authors: Gerardin Eloise , Bontemps Damien , Babuin Nicolas-Thomas , Herman Benoît , Denis Adrien , Bihin Benoît , Regnier Maxime , Leeuwerck Maria , Deltombe Thierry , Riga Audrey , Vandermeeren Yves 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background. Most activities of daily life (ADL) require cooperative bimanual movements. A unilateral stroke may severely impair bimanual ADL. How patients with stroke (re)learn to coordinate their upper limbs (ULs) is largely unknown.The objectives are to determine whether patients with chronic supratentorial stroke could achieve bimanual motor skill learning (bim-MSkL). To compare bim-MSkL between patients and healthy individuals (HIs).Methods. Twenty-four patients and ten HIs trained over 3 consecutive days on an asymmetrical bimanual coordination task (CIRCUIT) implemented as a serious game in the REAplan® robot. With a common cursor controlled by coordinated movements of the ULs through robotic handles, they performed as many laps as possible (speed constraint) on the CIRCUIT while keeping the cursor within the track (accuracy constraint). The primary outcome was a bimanual speed/accuracy trade-off (biSAT), we used a bimanual coordination factor (biCO) and bimanual forces (biFOP) for the secondary outcomes. Several clinical scales were used to evaluate motor and cognitive functions.Results. Overall, the patients showed improvements on biSAT and biCO. Based on biSAT progression, the HI achieved a larger bim-MSkL than the patients with mild to moderate impairment (Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE): 28-55, n=15) but not significantly different from those with minimal motor impairment (FMA-UE: 66, n=9). There was a significant positive correlation between biSAT evolution and the FMA-UE and Stroke Impact Scale.Conclusions. Both HI and patients with chronic stroke training on a robotic device achieved bim-MSkL, although the more impaired patients were less efficient. Bim-MSkL with REAplan® may be interesting for neurorehabilitation after stroke.Trial registration. ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT03974750. Registered 05 June 2019.https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03974750?cond=NCT03974750&draw=2&rank=1
No effect of acute exercise on the dynamic change in the expression of genes involved in epigenetic modification in professional athletes
Authors: Światowy Witold Józef , Zieliński Jacek , Osielska Maria Aleksandra , Kusy Krzysztof , Wieliński Dariusz , Pławski Andrzej , Jagodzinski Paweł 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background:The adaptation of the organism to exercise in the context of gene expression profile is an interesting phenomenon. Exercise can change the expression of individual genes due to changes in the degree of DNA methylation, changes in miRNA expression, or through methylation or acetylation of histones.Hypothesis:Acute exercise increases the expression of genes such as HDAC1, DNMT1, and JHDM1D that can affect epigenetic modifications in PBMCs.Methods:The aim of this study was to determine whether there was a change in gene expression in the blood cells during acute exercise and after a 1-hour recovery. The transcriptions of genes involved in epigenetic modifications (HDAC1, HDAC1 and JHDM1D) were examined in 9 professional athletes at rest, during consecutive stages of a treadmill exercise until exhaustion, and following recovery.Results:No significant differences in the level of transcript were observed in the course of the experiment in the tested PBMC cells. On the other hand, a significant (p = 0.007) correlation was observed in the level of the JHDM1D gene transcript and the number of monocytes in the samples obtained after reaching peak exercise intensity, but in the initial samples this correlation was not significant (p = 0.053).Conclusion:Acute physical exercise does not rapidly alter the transcript levels of the JHDM1D, DNMT1 and HDAC1 genes in PBMCs. The observed correlation between the level of JHDM1D mRNA and the level of monocytes and HDAC1 with lymphocytes requires further investigation.