bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Checking the adequacy of the technical and economic model for ensuring a target life of an individual production machine
Authors: KasyanoV V E , Kosenko E E , Kosenko V V , Demchenko D B , Khvan R V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A number of principles to ensure the reliability of individual production machines have been formulated. A block diagram of the model for ensuring the gamma-percentage target life of the individual production machine parts has been built on their basis. To assess the model adequacy, the accelerated operational tests without a test stand base have been proposed. A machine (units, parts) is considered as a system with mutually loaded elements, i.e. self-stand.
Development of an algorithm for increasing the construction organization efficiency in the context of using production outsourcing
Authors: Klochko E N , Britikova E A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Modern economic conditions faced by the construction organizations in Russia necessitate the use of outsourcing as a technology for transferring certain types of activities or functions of their business to third-party specialized organizations, together with responsibility for the result of the latter. The article proposes an algorithm for increasing the construction organizations efficiency in terms of the production outsourcing use. The main stages are considered as a part of the algorithm, being guided by which it is possible to make a decision about the outsourcing effectiveness in these organizations. The authors believe that the justification of outsourcing advisability should be based on a clear algorithmizing of the decision-making process on the issue under consideration. After determining the approach to the decision on the outsourcing use, the construction organization management should determine what type of outsourcing for the integrity of the business processes transferred to the side is necessary at this stage, conduct an economic and strategic assessment of the outsourcing use and develop the measures to adapt the construction organization organizational structure.
Nitrogen oxide emissions reducing in cement production
Authors: Guseva T V , Potapova E N , Tichonova I O , Shchelchkov K A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the European Union, the Russian Federation, as well as in a number of other countries, cement production is regulated by legislation on the best available technologies. Mandatory requirements (technological parameters, BAT-AELs) are imposed, first of all, on the emissions limitation of inorganic dust, nitrogen and sulfur oxides. The majority of Russian cement plants are currently characterized by the nitrogen oxide emissions state-established technological indicators‘ excess. The technological indicators of the best available technologies and methods for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions operating in the Russian Federation and the EU countries are considered. It is demonstrated that the most efficient technologies are the staged fuel combustion and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) of nitrogen oxides.
The carcinogenic risk index of the Vladikavkaz city territory in GIS technologies is an indicator of natural and technological safety level
Authors: Burdzieva O G , Kanukov A S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Environmental pollution, in addition to harm to nature, leads to various diseases of the population living in the contaminated area, including cancer. In the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, environmental pollution is mainly due to non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises and vehicles. The capital of the Republic - Vladikavkaz is the most polluted city in the region, where the main stationary sources of pollution and the largest number of vehicles are located. The material on cancer was selected from the data in various regions of the Vladikavkaz city. The main share of newly registered oncological disease falls on the age groups over 60 years. An analysis of cancer showed that in those areas of the republic, including the city of Vladikavkaz, where the environmental pollution level is higher, the rates of cancer are higher. The risk coefficient for public health under the influence of chemicals polluting the environment is calculated. For all the studied indicators, there is a significant excess of the maximum permissible values, with the exception of mercury. The data obtained are consistent with a high level of cancer incidence in the city, which indicates a close relationship between the incidence and the carcinogenic risk index.
Vibrations of nonlinear, absorbing soil medium according to the seismic microzoning instrumental method
Authors: Zaalishvili V B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to assess the nonlinear and absorbing properties of soils, the studies in typical areas of the Tbilisi territory were carried out using a powerful vibratory source SV-10/100. It was found that the nonlinearity indicators used in the previously obtained formulas for the increments of the intensity make it possible to evaluate the stress-strain state of soils (linear elasticity, nonlinear elasticity, inelasticity). The “pure” absorption, as the ratio of the normalized spectrum to the vibration frequency, is actually a loss factor. This will make it possible to widely use the easily calculated “pure” absorption index in solving many problems of engineering seismology and earthquake-resistant construction, as well as to increase the reliability of the data obtained. In particular, these indicators can be used in the energy calculation of buildings, structures, etc.
Optimisation of environmental protection measures in the electrodeposition industry
Authors: Shchitov D V , Yuriev Yu Yu , Nesterchuk A V , Moskvicheva A V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
At present, the quality of wastewater treatment at machine-building enterprises and disposal of generated sludge does not meet modern technical, economic and ecological requirements. In the course of research into galvanic wastewater, the problem of its neutralization at galvanic production was analyzed. The quality of industrial waste water and the structural composition of pollutant compounds molecules containing heavy metal ions were studied. Physical and chemical characteristics of real and model solutions were studied when different system parameters were changed: pH, temperature, oxidant impact (6% solution H2O2), reagent concentration). The negative impact of complex formation processes on the depth of electroplating methods was also studied and experimentally confirmed, which technical essence is due to the structure, size, charge size of pollutant particles (electrochemical, membrane, coagulation). The data obtained formed the basis of the methodology for determining the effectiveness of the treatment of these effluents using known methods.
The breakthrough of large particles in small devices of counter-swirling flows with top strikers
Authors: Lupinogin V V , Azarov D V , Sakharova A A , Dobrinski D R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The work considers the breakthrough effect of large particles in a small diameter device on counter-swirling flows. The dependences of particle breakthrough on different diameter devices were built. An experiment was carried out on a device of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mm with top paddle strikers installed at the axial outlet. A comparative analysis is made with the calculated and experimental data of the researchers in this area. The results of devices with small diameter are obtained and presented in the visual graphs and conclusions.
Historical transformations of early medieval basilica churches of the North-Eastern Black Sea region in the light of the new data method based on lime mortars
Authors: Pishchulina V V , Kotlyar V D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the medieval temples‘ architecture historical transformations in Musser, Tsandripsh, Loo in comparison with the data of the temples‘ mortar analysis by the X-ray phase method. The scientific novelty of the article is due to the fact that a comprehensive study of historical transformations and volumetric-spatial solutions of the temples made it possible to clarify their dating and construction periods.
Experimental investigation on mechanical characterization of 3D printed PLA produced by fused deposition modeling (FDM)
Authors: Moradi Mahmoud , Aminzadeh Ahmad , Rahmatabadi Davood , Hakimi Alireza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aims to systematically experimental investigate the influence of infill-patterns (IPs) on specific mechanical responses of parts fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM). A poly-lactic-acid (PLA) feedstock filament is utilized in the manufacturing process. Furthermore, six types of infill-patterns (deposition angle), namely full honeycomb, rectilinear, triangular, fast honeycomb, grid, and wiggle, are designed and printed. In order to determine the mechanical properties of manufactured parts, tensile tests are carried out. The mechanical properties such as extension, stress, elongation, energy, and Young’s modulus are considered as objective functions. As a result, there is a direct correlation between mechanical properties and infill patterns. Thus, it is essential to select the best infill-pattern in terms of their applications, giving sufficient strength without overdoing time and cost. Based on the results, a triangular infill-pattern has a maximum value of ultimate tensile strength and E-module (15.4 and 534 MPa, respectively). On the other hand, the wiggle pattern is more flexible.
Effect of the addition of cerium on the microstructure evolution and thermal expansion properties of cast Al-Cu-Fe alloy
Authors: Wang Juan , Yang Zhong , Ma Zhijun , Duan Hongbo , Zhang Jiachen , Tao Dong , Li Jianping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The evolution of the microstructure and the variation in the thermal expansion properties of the Al
63
Cu
25
Fe
12 alloy by the addition of different amounts of cerium (Ce) are investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Herein, a new series of quasicrystal alloys containing Ce are prepared. Results revealed that the Al
63
Cu
25
Fe
12 alloy contains icosahedral quasicrystal phase (I-phase), λ − Al
13
Fe
4 phase, β − Al
0.5
Fe
0.5 phase and Al
2
Cu
3 phase. The addition of Ce is confirmed to lead to grain refinement, formation of the Al
13
Ce
2
Cu
13 phase, disappearance of the λ − Al
13
Fe
4 phase. Furthermore, the area fraction of the I-phase in the alloy is confirmed to reach the maximum value, and the linear expansion coefficient of the alloy is the lowest due to the addition of Ce of up to 1 at%. The addition of Ce can reduce the linear expansion coefficient of the Al
63
Cu
25
Fe
12 alloy by ∼20%. The contribution of Ce will render better prospects for the application of Al-Cu-Fe-Ce materials.
Invited Commentary: Machine Learning in Causal Inference—How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Ways
Authors: Balzer Laura B , Petersen Maya L 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this issue of the Journal, Mooney et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2021;190(8):1476–1482) discuss machine learning as a tool for causal research in the style of Internet headlines. Here we comment by adapting famous literary quotations, including the one in our title (from “Sonnet 43” by Elizabeth Barrett Browning (Sonnets From the Portuguese, Adelaide Hanscom Leeson, 1850)). We emphasize that any use of machine learning to answer causal questions must be founded on a formal framework for both causal and statistical inference. We illustrate the pitfalls that can occur without such a foundation. We conclude with some practical recommendations for integrating machine learning into causal analyses in a principled way and highlight important areas of ongoing work.
Bidialectal Practices and L2 Arabic Pragmatic Development in a Short-Term Study Abroad
Authors: Al Masaeed Khaled 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe current study takes a bidialectal perspective for the conceptualization of pragmatic competence and its development through illuminating the need for the field to move forward and overcome the standard language ideology in research on L2 pragmatic competence. To this end, it brings bidialectal practices to the forefront to investigate L2 Arabic pragmatic development in a short-term study abroad programme. In particular, bidialectal practices, or the ability to use one or more spoken varieties alongside Modern Standard Arabic, are explored in this study in relation to appropriateness and pragmatic strategies in the production of apologies, refusals, and requests. A spoken discourse completion task that included scenarios with varied power and social distance combinations were utilized to collect data from 36 participants (21 L2 Arabic learners and 15 L1 Arabic speakers) in an eight-week study abroad sojourn. Findings indicated an overall improvement of pragmatic competence over the period of eight weeks. Specifically, significant developments were demonstrated in appropriateness scores and learners’ use of bidialectal practices in pragmatic strategies. Moreover, the qualitative analysis of strategies development identified areas in which learners converged towards or diverged from L1 speaker norms. Methodologically, the study shows that utilizing bidialectal practices to measure L2 Arabic pragmatic competence development is key to understanding learners’ developmental trajectories.
On the importance of evolutionary constraint for regulatory sequence identification
Authors: Giudicelli François , Roest Crollius Hugues 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Regulation of gene expression relies on the activity of specialized genomic elements, enhancers or silencers, distributed over sometimes large distance from their target gene promoters. A significant part of vertebrate genomes consists in such regulatory elements, but their identification and that of their target genes remains challenging, due to the lack of clear signature at the nucleotide level. For many years the main hallmark used for identifying functional elements has been their sequence conservation between genomes of distant species, indicative of purifying selection. More recently, genome-wide biochemical assays have opened new avenues for detecting regulatory regions, shifting attention away from evolutionary constraints. Here, we review the respective contributions of comparative genomics and biochemical assays for the definition of regulatory elements and their targets and advocate that both sequence conservation and preserved synteny, taken as signature of functional constraint, remain essential tools in this task.
Hope, trust and segregation in schools: An analysis of contextual effects on violent and general offending
Authors: Sandahl Julia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Influenced by the theoretical concepts of ‘Relative deprivation’ and ‘Social cohesion’, this study adds to the relatively limited literature of socio-structural approaches to the school–crime relationship. Multilevel analysis was conducted to explore the independent and interactive effects of three distinct features of the school setting—concentrated (dis)advantage, the proportion of students with poor future prospects and teacher-rated social cohesion—in relation to self-reported offending. Using information from three data sources on 4,608 students and 1,056 teachers from 77 lower secondary schools in Stockholm, the results showed that school concentrated (dis)advantage and school-level future prospects were directly related to offending. In addition, cross-level interactions indicate that the association between student performance and offending differs depending on school type.
Florivory by the occupants of phytotelmata in flower parts can decrease host plant fecundity
Authors: Missagia Caio C C , Alves Maria Alice S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Some types of plant accumulate liquid in their inflorescences creating phytotelmata. These environments protect the flowers against florivory, although they may be colonized by aquatic or semi-aquatic florivorous insect larvae, whose effects on the fitness of the plants remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis of floral antagonism by the occupants of phytotelmata, which predicts that florivory by the occupants of the phytotelmata represents a cost to the female fitness of the plant, reducing its fecundity. We manipulated experimentally the infestation by 3 florivores larvae species occupants of phytotelmata in inflorescences of Heliconia spathocircinata (Heliconiaceae) to test for negative direct trophic effects on the fecundity of the flowering and fruiting bracts. We found that the foraging of the hoverfly (Syrphidae) and moth (Lepidoptera) larvae in the inflorescences contributed to a decline in the fecundity of the plant. While the lepidopteran impacted fecundity when foraging in both flowering and fruiting bracts, the syrphid only affected the fruiting bracts, which indicates that the nectar and floral tissue are the principal resource exploited by the hoverfly. By contrast, soldier fly (Stratiomyidae) had a neutral effect on fecundity, while foraging in flowering or fruiting bracts. These findings corroborate our hypothesis, that herbivory by the larval occupants represents cost to the host plant having phytotelmata. The negative influence of this foraging on plant fecundity will nevertheless depend on the consequences of the exploitation of resources, which vary considerably in ephemeral habitats such as the phytotalmanta of flower parts.
Open Source Information’s Blind Spot
Authors: McDermott Yvonne , Koenig Alexa , Murray Daragh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Digital open source information has been heralded for its democratizing potential, insofar as it allows access to a much broader range of sources and voices than would normally be consulted through traditional methods of information gathering for international criminal investigations. It also helps to overcome some of the physical access barriers that are commonplace in international criminal investigations. At a time when the use of digital open source information is becoming more widespread, this article warns of the cognitive and technical biases that can impact upon two key stages of an investigation: finding relevant information and analysing that information. At the information-gathering stage, there are particular crimes, regions and groups of people whose experiences are more likely to be overlooked or hidden in digital open source investigations. When it comes to analysing digital open source information, there is a danger that cognitive and technical biases may influence which information is deemed most relevant and useful to an international criminal investigation, and how that information is interpreted. This article proposes some steps that can be taken to mitigate these risks.
Johann Christian Bach
Authors: Corneilson Paul 
Published: February 2021

Johann Christian Bach, the youngest son of Johann Sebastian Bach (b. 1685–d. 1750), was one of the originators of the Classical style, an important composer and concert organizer in London. Born in Leipzig on 5 September 1735, J. C. Bach began his musical training under his father and mother, Anna Magdalena (b. 1701– d. 1760), and continued his studies in Berlin with his half-brother, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (b. 1714–d. 1788), after his father died in July 1750. In 1755, J. C. Bach went to Italy, studied with Padre Martini in Bologna, converted to the Roman Catholic faith, and eventually was appointed organist at the Milan Cathedral, where he composed much Latin church music. After receiving commissions for an opera in Turin (Artaserse in 1760) and two operas for the Teatro San Carlo in Naples (Catone in Utica and Alessandro nell’Indie in 1761–1762), J. C. Bach was called to London, where he served as music director at the King’s Theater in 1762–1763 (writing two operas that season, Orione and Zanaida), and he became Music Master to Queen Charlotte. With Carl Friedrich Abel, Bach organized a series of concerts at various locations in London. He continued to write operas and one oratorio for London, plus two operas for Mannheim (Temistocle in 1772 and Lucio Silla in 1775) and one for Paris (Amadis de Gaule in 1779). His keyboard and instrumental music was widely published, and he was admired by the young Mozart, who met him during his visit to London in 1764. J. C. Bach was the most cosmopolitan composer of his family; he maintained a long correspondence with Martini, and his portrait was painted by Thomas Gainsborough for Martini’s extensive collection.
Stan Brakhage and Ethnographic Praxis
Authors: Varzi Roxanne , McGrath Andrew 
Published: February 2021

Stan Brakhage (b. 1933–d. 2003) was a visual artist and filmmaker who embodied many of the theoretical tensions and pragmatic themes in cultural anthropology in the 20th century, despite not being an anthropologist and working almost totally through experiments in 16mm film. In traversing, and being claimed by, both modernist and postmodernist thinkers and artists alike, he was a creator as much influenced by the poetry of American Romanticism as he was the harbinger of a millennial deconstruction. He is generally considered, along with the filmmaker Maya Deren, the quintessential savant of American avant-garde cinema. His phenomenological approach to filmmaking and his attention to poesis in visuality, combined with his persistent dispensation with narrative and plot, drew to light still pressing existential questions about the space between structure and individualism, the unconscious mind, myth, and intersubjective experiences in the shared quotidian of everyday being. While his early works of the mid-1950s showed solidarity with the surrealist and Freudian-inspired themes of compatriots like Maya Deren, in the 1960s Brakhage quickly engaged with what he viewed as the untapped potential of cinematic celluloid as a malleable medium with which to both capture and express the immediacy of sensual experience. At the core of his creative impulse was an exploration of visual perception unfiltered by symbolic textuality. To that end, his 16mm films were mostly soundless, color-saturated, nonlinear impressions of the most consequential of life’s relational phenomena; birth, sex, human development, death, and familial intimacies untethered from linguistic discourses, character drama, and traditional act-based storytelling structures. Brakhage’s process of etching and painting directly onto the emulsified film strips he used for shooting enabled his impressionistic questioning of the boundaries of representation in moving images. Brakhage asserted that, much as with human vision, such manipulations punched holes in the epistemic orthodoxy of experiential narrative and instead stressed the messy and affective ways that our sensory organs force us to negotiate our immanent worlds. His early artistic tenure found him characteristically prolific in modernist aesthetics as he explored concepts ranging from the psychoanalysis of dreaming and the Freudian death-drive in Reflections on Black (1955) to the metaphysical man-myth opus Dog Star Man (1961–1964). Such themes paralleled similar theoretical concerns emergent in anthropology in the mid-20th century as evident in both the structuralism of Levi-Strauss and the persistence of the Freudian unconscious as an explanatory hermeneutic. Today, Stan Brakhage’s influence in anthropology is evident in ethnographic filmmaking that challenges the documentary impulse, ambiguates hegemonic truth claims, and explores the modalities of sensorial representation related to human experience through iterative experimentation.