bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method-specific and unexplained reactivity in automated solid-phase testing and their association with specific antibodies
Authors: Harach M.E. , Gould J.M. , Brown R.P. , Sanders T. , Herman J.H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The inherent tradeoff between sensitivity and specificity in the detection of unexplained antibodies has been the objective of many studies, editorials, and journal articles. Many publications note that no method is capable of detecting all clinically significant antibodies while avoiding all clinically insignificant antibodies. This study describes the frequency of nonspecific reactivity and unexplained reactivity in solid-phase testing, along with the subsequent development of specific antibodies (Abs). In this study, nonspecific reactivity (NS) is defined as method-specific panreactivity detected by solid-phase testing only, with no reactivity in other methods. Unexplained reactivity (UR) is defined as reactivity present and detectable in all test methods after all clinically significant antibodies were ruled out following a standard antibody identification algorithm using selected cell panels. This retrospective study evaluated antibody detection tests of patients at a single center for 2 years using two automated solid-phase instruments that used the same three-cell antibody detection test. Antibody identification was performed with solid-phase panels supplemented with a polyethylene glycol tube method as needed. Of the 1934 (5%) samples with a positive antibody detection test, 29 had unavailable work-up data, leaving 1905 (98.5%) samples eligible for inclusion in the study. The data revealed the following: Ab only 999 (52.4%); UR only 429 (22.5%); Ab and UR 227 (11.9%); NS only 206 (10.8%); Ab and NS 24 (1.3%); UR and NS 14 (0.7%); and Ab, UR, and NS 6 (0.3%). Patients with a positive follow-up antibody detection test had UR and NS replaced with a specific Ab in 23 of 656 UR (3%) and 8 of 230 NS (3%) cases, respectively. Additionally, six patients with UR developed a specific Ab along with persistent UR, and no patients with persistent NS developed a specific Ab. The study concluded that both UR and NS can be encountered in solid-phase testing, and both UR and NS can persist in follow-up testing. Specific Ab was observed to replace UR in a few patients.
Immunohematology

2018;34:93–97.
Sulfhydryl treatment of serum or plasma for the reduction of IgM antibodies
Authors: Blagg L.N. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Dithiothreitol (DTT) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) are sulfhydryl compounds that can be used to treat serum or plasma to denature IgM antibody reactivity. By using sulfhydryl agents, IgG and IgM antibodies can be separated, the relative amount of IgM and IgG antibodies can be determined, and the risk of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn can be assessed.
Immunohematology

2018;34:135–139.
Validity and reliability of serologic immunophenotyping of multiple blood group systems by ORTHO Sera with fully automated procedure
Authors: Salvadori U. , Melotti R. , L’Altrella D. , Daves M. , Al-Khaffaf A. , Milizia L. , Putzulu R. , Filippi R. , Carolo A. , Lippi G. , Gentilini I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The increase of immunization against blood group antigens has reinforced the need for automated extensive blood typing. The aim of this study was to assess both the validity and reliability of red blood cell (RBC) automated agglutination technology in testing for antigens of Kidd (Jk), Duffy (Fy), and MNS (Ss) blood systems. ORTHO Sera (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ) anti-Jka, anti-Jkb, Anti-Fya, anti-Fyb, anti-S, and anti-s reagents were each tested on RBC samples previously typed. Replicates were performed on three separate testing sessions with three consecutive repetitions within each session, thus obtaining 486 test results. Accuracy was assessed by aggregate analysis of sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC). Reliability was estimated by a cross-classified mixed-effect logistic model. All reagents tested yielded optimal accuracy (100% for sensitivity and specificity, and 1.00 for AUC), except for anti-S, for which performance was slightly lower (98%, 100%, and 0.99, respectively), owing to misclassification of one sample in a single replicate. Anomalous automated measurements were recorded in 38 of 486 tests (7.8%), which then needed additional manual interpretation. Different sessions and samples were the major contributors to measurement failures (38% and 18%, separately). Order of repetitions and antigen specificity across replicates did not contribute to the risk of failures, although weak evidence of enhanced risk (p < 0.10) was observed with Jk testing. Automated RBC typing with ORTHO Sera reagents against antigens in the Kidd, Duffy, and MNS blood group systems displayed nearly 100 percent accuracy. However, a sizable number of replicates needed additional ad hoc interpretation, thus suggesting that the reliability could still be improved. Automated agglutination technology represents a viable option for phenotyping large volumes of samples.
Immunohematology

2018;34:140–147.
An update on the Augustine blood group system
Authors: Daniels G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This update of the Augustine (AUG) blood group system (Daniels G. The Augustine blood group system, 48 years in the making. Immunohematology 2016;32:100–3) describes two antigens that have been added to the Augustine system (International Society of Blood Transfusion system 36), bringing the number of antigens in the system to four. Further information on the clinical significance of Augustine system antibodies and the function of the Augustine glycoprotein, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1, is presented.
An update on the JR blood group system
Authors: Castilho L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This update of the JR blood group system (Castilho L, Reid MR. A review of the JR blood group system. Immunohematology 2013;29:63–8) reports new ABCG2 alleles encoding Jr(a–) and Jr(a+w/–) phenotypes, the predominant alleles encoding the Jr(a–) phenotype, and new functional aspects of the ABCG2 glycoprotein. The JR blood group system (International Society of Blood Transfusion system 32) consists of one antigen: Jra.
An update on the I blood group system
Authors: Cooling L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This update of the I blood group system (Cooling L. Polylactosamines, there’s more than meets the “Ii”: a review of the I system. Immunohematology 2010;26:133–55) continues to show the Ii antigens to be increasingly recognized as important posttranslational modifiers regulating cell adhesion, signaling, differentiation, and cancer. Ii antigens can modulate the immune response through the galectin lattice, as well as influence specific protein–protein interactions. Changes in GCNT2 and I expression accompany stem cell differentiation and are associated with tumor progression in melanoma and breast and colon cancer. Regulation of GCNT2 expression varies between cell types and differentiation. In red blood cell differentiation, GCNT2 is regulated by methylation, microRNAs, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Methylation and microRNAs also play a prominent role in altering GCNT2 expression in several epithelial cancers. In congenital cataracts, GCNT2 mutations may account for 4–6 percent of all cases. GCNT2 may be particularly susceptible to gene deletion and rearrangements due to the density of Alu-repeat elements.
An update on the Chido/Rodgers blood group system
Authors: Mougey R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This update of the Chido/Rodgers blood group system (Mougey R. A review of the Chido/Rodgers blood group. Immunohematology 2010;26:30–8) summarizes the current understanding of the genetics and serology of this blood group (of which little has changed since the publication of the first review) in a table format as well as summarizes the gene frequencies and disease association with low copy number of C4A or C4B genes. The International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) has designated the ISBT number 017 to this system and the abbreviation CH/RG for the antigen or antibody notation. There are currently nine antigens in the CH/RG system. A brief discussion on the serologic challenges of detecting the antibodies and of newer information on the disease associations is provided. This review concludes with some speculation on how our understanding of C4 genes may be illuminated by current investigation into complexities of autoimmunity and the role of C4 and its progression to a disease state.
KAJIAN ANTITESIS HEGELIAN DALAM ARSITEKTUR
Authors: Nurwahyu Muhammad , Rachmawati Murni , Prijotomo Josef 
Published: April 2021

Title: Study of Hegelian Antithesis in Architecture
This paper tries to expose hegelian antithesis existence, that can be used as a way of thinking in architecture design process. With antithesis that lies in philosophy scope, then it needs to be settled with similar thing in architecture. The settlement will be set by using descriptive critique method. The result of the settlement can become a starting point for the usage of Hegelian antithesis in architecture design exploration. In this paper, antithesis proven to be equal with architecture of difference as bildung. Those equality shown in the architecture dialogue. With this equality, antithesis become defined and known its position in architecture.
KAJIAN MAKNA SISTEM STRUKTUR PADA RUMAH LAMIN
Authors: Baharuddin Faizal , Sir Mohammad Mochsen , Radja Abdul Mufti 
Published: April 2021

Title: Meaning Studies of Structural System in Lamin Houses
This article aims to reveal the structural system and meaning of the Lamin house structure, a form of local wisdom of traditional architecture. The object of study is the Lamin house in Pampang Village, Samarinda City. The house still refers to traditional architectural principles such as human symbols or analogies such as the head, body, and legs. The research method is descriptive qualitative and based on an interpretive approach using interview techniques to the structural system that contains meaning. The results of the research are the Lamin house structure system consisting of a lower structure (sukaq), an upper structure (sulo), and a roof structure (sapau). The meaning contained in each of these structural elements illustrates that in the sukaq structure there is the power of natural and environmental support for humans, the sulo structure demonstrates the creation of a close kinship between humans, and the construction of sapau gives meaning to the existence of human relations with the supernatural. Local wisdom contained in traditional architecture is expected to be able to contribute to the enrichment of the world architectural knowledge.
New Trends in Biological Activities and Clinical Studies of Quinolinic
Analogues: A Review
Authors: da Silva Sandra Elizabeth Barbosa , da Silva Moura José Arion , de Sousa Nunes Tiago Rafael , da Rocha Pitta Ivan , da Rocha Pitta Marina Galdino 
Published: April 2021

:
The quinolinic ring, present in several molecules, possesses a great diversity of biological activities. Therefore, this ring is in the structural composition of several candidates of drugs in pre-clinical and clinical studies; thus, it is necessary to compile these results to facilitate the design of new drugs. For this reason, some of the activities of compounds are selected to examine in this re-view, such as antimalarial, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-rheumatic, and antiviral activities. All publications of scientific articles chosen are dated between 2000 and 2020. In addition to presenting the structures of some natural and synthetic compounds with their activities, we have listed the clinical studies of phases III and IV on antimalarial drugs containing the quinoline nucleus and phase III clinical studies on hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine to assess their possible role in COVID-19. Finally, we have reviewed some of the mechanisms of action, as well as the side effects of some of the quinolinic derivatives.
Individual and Institutional Factors Preventing Completion of Research by Medical Graduate Students at Cairo University: Questionnaire Study
Authors: Azab Mohammed A , Hasaneen Sharef Fawzy , Reda Ahmed , Asous Ashraf , Azzam Ahmed Y 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundMedical research plays a significant role in advancing the level of health care worldwide. This research is a crucial part of the development of any educational system. In developing countries, the publication rate related to the medical sciences is lower than that in developed countries.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the causes of delay in publishing research and the factors that hinder the completion of master’s degree projects in a group of medical graduate students at Cairo University Faculty of Medicine.MethodsA web-based questionnaire was introduced to approximately 150 medical graduates in different specialties through social media. The questionnaire aimed to investigate the reasons for delays in publishing master’s degree manuscripts after graduation among a group of medical graduates.ResultsOf the graduates contacted, 130 responded to the web-based survey. The ages of the participants ranged from 23-38 years (SD 3.88); 72 of them were male, and 58 were female. Causes of noncompletion of manuscripts were analyzed; lack of proper research training and the absence of supportive mentorship were top reasons. We found a significant relationship between being married and failing to complete the assigned project from its start up to publication. Moreover, we found that the frequency of nonfulfillment increased among those who experienced poor mentorship.ConclusionsSeveral factors are contributing to the delay in publication of medical manuscripts related to research projects by medical graduates of the Cairo University Faculty of Medicine. Pensive supervision must be implemented to decipher the persistent institutional problems that obstruct research progress.
The Resilience of Cardiac Care Through Virtualized Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Case Study of a Heart Function Clinic
Authors: Shah Amika , Guessi Milena , Wali Sahr , Ware Patrick , McDonald Michael , O'Sullivan Mary , Posada Juan Duero , Ross Heather , Seto Emily 
Published: April 2021

Background
Virtual care has historically faced barriers to widespread adoption. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the rapid adoption and expansion of virtual care technologies. Although the intense and prolonged nature of the COVID-19 pandemic has renewed people’s interest in health systems resilience, which includes how services adapt or transform in response to shocks, evidence regarding the role of virtual care technologies in health systems resilience is scarce.

Objective
At Toronto General Hospital in Ontario, Canada, the rapid virtualization of cardiac care began on March 9, 2020, as a response to the pandemic. The objective of this study was to understand people’s experiences with and the barriers and facilitators of the rapid virtualization and expansion of cardiac care resulting from the pandemic.

Methods
A single-case study was conducted with 3 embedded units of analysis. Patients, clinicians, and staff were recruited purposively from an existing mobile, phone-based telemonitoring program at a heart function clinic in Toronto, Canada. Individual, semistructured phone interviews were conducted by two researchers and transcribed verbatim. An inductive thematic analysis at the semantic level was used to analyze transcripts and develop themes.

Results
A total of 29 participants were interviewed, including patients (n=16), clinicians (n=9), and staff (n=4). The following five themes were identified: (1) patient safety as a catalyst for virtual care adoption; (2) piecemeal virtual care solutions; (3) confronting new roles and workloads; (4) missing pieces in virtual care; and (5) the inequity paradox. The motivation to protect patient safety and a piecemeal approach to virtual care adoption facilitated the absorptive and adaptive resilience of cardiac care during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, ad hoc changes to clinic roles and workflows, challenges in building relationships through remote methods, and widened inequities were barriers that threatened virtual care sustainment.

Conclusions
We contend that sustaining virtual care hinges upon transformative actions (rather than adaptive actions) that strengthen health systems so that they can face the dynamic and emergent challenges associated with COVID-19 and other shocks. Based on the barriers and facilitators we identified, we present the lessons we learned and recommend transformations for sustaining virtual care during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
Hope, Hype, Hurdles & Future Perspective for PRP, PRP versus Hyaluronic Acid Injection in Osteoarthritis of Knee: A Review Article.
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Kadamb Anikait Ghosh , Ghosh Kadamb Krish 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundComparative studies of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid show variable results.
PurposeA review was conducted to understand the current role of PRP and its efficacy versus hyaluronic acid in osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint.
MethodsOut of 170 identified studies, 14 studies involving 1575 patients with 637 males and 938 females were selected based on PRISMA flow chart guidelines and were analyzed for the study.
ResultsA standard PRP regimen consisting of 2–3 intra-articular injections (IA) of 4–6 mL of leucocyte poor PRP at 1–2 weekly intervals provides a better result than HA during the first 3–6 months, and which may continue up to one year. PRP and HA may have synergistic effect; pain and swelling are the two most com-mon complications with PRP, the incidence is more with leucocyte rich PRP (LP-PRP) and intra-osseous PRP treatment.ConclusionPRP provides hope and is more effective than hyaluronic acid in pain relief and improving the quality of life in mild to moderate osteoarthritis of the knee joint. However, hype, that is effective in all, irrespective of grades of OA, mal-aligned or stiff knee, ligamentous laxity, and can avoid joint replacement is a big hindrance in establishing it as a preferred treatment in OA knee. The author follows the above-mentioned PRP regimen; and recommends to combine leucocyte poor PRP with HA for IA injections & with LP-PRP injections along with the two most common painful points (medial collateral ligament, pesanisernius) in a highly painful OA knee. PRP may not address extra-articular causes of knee pain (mal-alignment, muscle wasting, tendinosis), should be corrected for optimum outcome. Contact sports, running, exercises putting pressure on knee and NSAID should be avoided during PRP treatment. Also, more randomized controlled trials are required to further standardize the PRP preparation, administration, injection interval & proper documentation of efficacy and complications in the regenerative registry.
Trends in Receipt of American Diabetes Association Guideline-Recommended Care Among U.S. Adults With Diabetes: NHANES 2005–2018
Authors: Shin Jung-Im , Wang Dan , Fernandes Gail , Daya Natalie , Grams Morgan E. , Golden Sherita H. , Rajpathak Swapnil , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE
To characterize national trends and characteristics of adults with diabetes receiving American Diabetes Association (ADA) guideline-recommended care.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We performed serial cross-sectional analyses of 4,069 adults aged ≥20 years with diabetes who participated in the 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

RESULTS
Overall, the proportion of U.S. adults with diabetes receiving ADA guideline-recommended care meeting all five criteria by self-report in the past year (having a primary doctor for diabetes and one or more visits for this doctor, HbA1c testing, an eye examination, a foot examination, and cholesterol testing) increased from 25.0% in 2005–2006 to 34.1% in 2017–2018 (P-trend = 0.004). For participants with age ≥65 years, it increased from 29.3% in 2005–2006 to 44.2% in 2017–2018 (P-trend = 0.001), whereas for participants with age 40–64 and 20–39 years, it did not change significantly during the same time period: 25.2% to 25.8% (P-trend = 0.457) and 9.9% to 26.0% (P-trend = 0.401), respectively. Those who were not receiving ADA guideline-recommended care were more likely to be younger, of lower socioeconomic status, uninsured, newly diagnosed with diabetes, not on diabetes medication, and free of hypercholesterolemia.

CONCLUSIONS
Receipt of ADA guideline-recommended care increased only among adults with diabetes aged ≥65 years in the past decade. In 2017–2018, only one of three U.S. adults with diabetes reported receiving ADA guideline-recommended care, with even a lower receipt of care among those &lt;65 years of age. Efforts are needed to improve health care delivery and equity in diabetes care. Insurance status is an important modifiable determinant of receiving ADA guideline-recommended care.
Spouse’s Diabetes Status and Incidence of Depression and Anxiety: An 18-Year Prospective Study
Authors: Nielsen Jannie , Cunningham Solveig A. , Ali Mohammed K. , Patel Shivani A. 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE
We investigated the risk of depression and anxiety in people whose spouse did or did not have diabetes. We also examined associations between depression and anxiety and severity of spouse’s diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We analyzed prospective self-reported data about diagnosed depression/anxiety and diabetes in cohabiting couples in the national Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) during 1999–2017 (n = 13,500, 128,833 person-years of follow-up, median follow-up 8.1 years). We used Poisson models to estimate incidence and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of depression/anxiety, according to spouse’s diabetes status overall and by severity of diabetes.

RESULTS
Age-, sex-, and race-adjusted incidence of depression/anxiety was 8.0/1,000 person-years (95% CI 6.5, 9.6) among those whose spouse had diabetes and 6.5/1,000 person-years (95% CI 6.0, 6.9) among those whose spouse did not have diabetes. Those whose spouse had diabetes had higher risk of depression/anxiety (IRR 1.24 [95% CI 1.01, 1.53]). Those whose spouse had diabetes-related limitations in daily activities (IRR 1.89 [95% CI 1.35, 2.67]) and diabetes combined with other chronic conditions (IRR 2.34 [95% CI 1.78, 3.09]) were more likely to develop depression/anxiety, while those whose spouse had diabetes with no limitations or additional chronic conditions had incidence of depression/anxiety similar to that of subjects whose spouses did not have diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
People living with a spouse with diabetes are at higher risk of developing depression/anxiety than people whose spouse does not have diabetes; this risk is driven by the severity of the spouse’s diabetes. Strategies to address the impacts of diabetes on families need to be devised and tested.