bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccination In Pregnancy Against Pertussis And Seasonal Influenza: Key Learnings And Components From High-Performing Vaccine Programmes In Three Countries: United Kingdom, The United States And Spain
Authors: Baïssas Théophile , Boisnard Florence , Esteve Inmaculada Cuesta , Sánchez Marta García , Jones Christine E. , Fougerolles Thierry Rigoine , Tan Litjen , Vitoux Olivier , Klein Christina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Pertussis and seasonal influenza are responsible for significant maternal, neonatal, and infant morbidity and mortality, but vaccine coverage rates (VCR) for both pertussis (administered as a tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis [Tdap] vaccination) and seasonal influenza in pregnancy remain generally low. Only a small number of countries, including Spain, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States of America (USA), have high Tdap and seasonal influenza VCRs in pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to identify the key factors that contributed to the high VCRs observed in these countries.Methods: The experience from both Tdap and seasonal influenza vaccination programmes during pregnancy were documented in Spain, the UK, and the USA using a three-step approach. A literature review yielded 157 publications, and a further 117 documents were selected through desk research. A published five-pillar VCR framework for influenza was amended to evaluate the specific contributing factors leading to high Tdap and seasonal influenza VCRs among pregnant women.Results: The analysis identified components that contributed to higher VCR in pregnant women across three different healthcare systems in Spain, UK, and USA. The combination of several key interventions in each country led to a rapid increase in VCR that reached near-optimal levels (i.e. 75% for seasonal influenza) within a few years. As well as inclusion in national immunisation programme and vaccine reimbursement, key components that were identified included the mobilisation of health authorities, prenatal care Healthcare Professionals (HCP) and scientific societies, the inclusion of vaccination in antenatal medical guidance, the provision of educational material to HCPs, and a strong disease awareness driven by recent pertussis outbreaks in each country.Conclusions: Although there is no simple, universal solution to improving sub-optimal VCRs, the list of components identified in this study from three countries with high-performing Tdap and seasonal influenza vaccination programmes provides a basis for public health and medical stakeholders in other countries to define strategies to successfully implement national vaccination programmes for pregnant women.
Impact of Using Social Marketing Principles on Promoting Breastfeeding Practices and Physical Growth: an Egyptian Community Based Longitudinal Study
Authors: Metwally Ammal M. , Basha Walaa A. , Abdel-Latif Ghada A. , Sallam Sara F. , El-Alameey Inas R. , Abuelela Manal H. , Amer Hala A. , Yousef Walaa , Goda Amira A. , Elashry Galal A , Ahmed Doaa E , Ibrahim Nihad A. , El-Masry Sahar A. , Hassan Nayera E , Dayem Soha M. Abd El , Kandeel Wafaa A. , Salah Ebtissam M. , Banna Rokia .Abd Elshafy S. El , Kamel Iman H , Abdelhamid Enas M. , Mohamed Mohamed A , Mahmoud Walaa S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Improving breastfeeding practices does not always link to interventions relying only on improving nutritional awareness and education but needs cultural and behavioral insights. Aim: Our study provided educational intervention through the use of the social marketing (SM) approach which was respectable to societal norms allowing more conscious choices by mothers to achieve the maximum potential of physical growth of their infants. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the used approach for improving breastfeeding practices and the physical growth of infants aged up to 2 years. Methods: A quasi-experimental intervention design with posttest-only control design was done along 3 years duration with 24 months of intervention and follow up for motivating mothers’ voluntary behavioral change towards breastfeeding promotion using SM principles: product, price, place, and promotion. The interventions targeted 646 pregnant women in their last trimester and mothers of children up to 2 years in addition to 1454 women in their childbearing period. Results: Most of the mothers showed increased awareness about the benefits of breastfeeding and became interested in breastfeeding their children outside the house using the breastfeeding cover (Gawn). Early breastfeeding initiation, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) under 6 months, frequency of breastfeeding per day, percentage of infants who continued breastfeeding till 2 years, were significantly increased from 30%, 23 %, 56%, and 32% to 62 %, 47.3 %, 69 %, and 43.5 % respectively. With the attention of the nutritional educational sessions three or more times, the majority of indicators had the most significant improvement. The girls who recorded underweight results compared to boys, were significantly improved after the intervention (from 66.7 % to 18.8%). At the same time, girls that were found to be obese before the intervention (15.4 %) became no longer obese. Conclusions: Nutritional interventions that are based on the use SM approach showed improvement for the majority of the key performance indicators. Although they were doubled their value before the intervention yet the majority were still modest (below 50 %). With sustained use of the SM approach, infants will achieve their maximum potential for physical growth through providing economically disadvantaged mothers with breastfeeding support.
Dynamics and Stability of Non-Smooth Dynamical Systems with Two Switches
Authors: Silva Guilherme Tavares da , Martins Ricardo Miranda 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
One of the most common hypotheses on the theory of non-smooth dynamical systems is a regular surface as switching manifold, at which case there is at least well-defined and established Filippov dynamics. However, systems with singular switching manifolds still lack such well-established dynamics, although present in many relevant models of phenomena where multiple switches or multiple abrupt changes occur. At this work, we leverage a methodology that, through blow-ups and singular perturbation, allows the extension of Filippov dynamics to the singular case. Specifically, tridimensional systems whose switching manifold consists of an algebraic manifold with transversal self-intersection are considered. This configuration, known as double discontinuity, represents systems with two switches and whose singular part consists of a straight line, where ordinary Filippov dynamics is not directly applicable. For the general, non-linear case, beyond defining the so-called fundamental dynamics over the singular part, general theorems on its qualitative behavior are provided. For the affine case, however, theorems fully describing the fundamental dynamics are obtained. Finally, this fine-grained control over the dynamics is leveraged to derive Peixoto-like theorems characterizing semi-local structural stability.
Community-Based Group Physical Activity and/or Nutrition Interventions to Promote Health and Mobility in Older Adults: An Umbrella Review
Authors: Neil-Sztramko Sarah , Teggart Kylie , Moore Caroline , Sherifali Diana , Fitzpatrick-Lewis Donna , Coletta Giulia , Phillips Stuart , Newbold K Bruce , Alvarez Elizabeth , Kuspinar Ayse , Kennedy Courtney , Santaguida Lina , Ganann Rebecca 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Physical activity and a healthy diet are important in helping to maintain mobility and quality of life with aging. Delivery of physical activity and nutrition interventions in a group setting adds the benefits of social participation.
Objectives

This umbrella review aims to identify group-based physical activity and nutrition interventions for community-dwelling older adults that improve mobility.
Methods

Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, Sociological Abstracts) were searched from inception to April 28, 2020. Eligibility criteria included systematic reviews exploring the effectiveness of physical activity and/or nutrition interventions, delivered in a group setting for community-dwelling older adults. Two reviewers independently performed eligibility screening, critical appraisal (using AMSTAR 2) and data extraction. Older adult/provider research partners informed data synthesis and results presentation.
Results

In total, 54 systematic reviews (1 high, 21 moderate, 32 low/critically low quality) were identified; 46 included physical activity only, and eight included both physical activity and nutritional supplements. No reviews included nutrition interventions alone. Combined aerobic/resistance, general physical activity, and mind-body exercise all improved physical function and balance (moderate-high certainty). Aerobic/resistance training improved aerobic capacity (high certainty). Resistance training and general physical activity improved muscle strength (moderate certainty). Aerobic/resistance training and general physical activity are likely to reduce falls among older adults (moderate certainty). There was no evidence of benefit for nutritional supplementation with physical activity.
Conclusions

Multicomponent group-based physical activity interventions can improve measures of mobility in community-dwelling older adults. We found no reviews focused on nutrition only, highlighting a gap in the literature.
Would the Saudi Family Agree to Tell the Truth to Cancer Patient? Exploring Awareness, Perception, and Attitude to Truth Telling.
Authors: ABOSOUDAH MOHAMMAD , Duraisamy Balaji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aim:To study the differences in attitude and perceptions of patients versus family members with regards to breaking bad news and full disclosure of prognosis to the patients in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia. Methods:A survey of patients and their family members was conducted in the oncology outpatient clinics using a structured questionnaire. Based on the existing prevalence of patients who wanted full disclosure, the sample size was calculated to be 143. Demographic details, diagnostic details were collected in addition to responses to questions exploring attitudes towards breaking bad news. A total of 149 patients and family members were interviewed separately. Results:A total of 149 patients and their family members consented to be interviewed. However, only valid responses to each question were analyzed. Overall, 75.2% (109/145) of patients felt that patient should be informed first as compared to 72.9% (102/140) of family members who felt the family should be informed of the bad news first. 24.3% (34) of family caregivers agreed that patients have the right to full disclosure. Both patients and family caregivers were reluctant to know details about the code status. 71.4% (95) of family caregivers and 54.3% (75) of the patients did not want the health care team to discuss details of code status and DNR. Both patients (87.1%) and caregivers (74.3%) agreed that the primary physician is the best person to break the bad news. Family members may be emotionally more affected than patients. They might require as much if not more support as the patients themselves during breaking bad news.Conclusions:There are significant differences between patient and family members regarding full disclosure of diagnosis and prognosis especially, end-of-life issues like DNR and place of death. The most stressful time for the patient was waiting for confirmatory test results. Therefore, breaking bad news support services should systematically begin even before diagnostic investigations begin. Our study points out that the majority of patients want to know the full details of diagnosis and prognosis. Discussion regarding code status has to be more structured in a way that the patient and family do not feel abandoned due to the Do Not Resuscitate status. Further study is needed to study the need and efficacy of a breaking bad news system in the hospital.
Puerarin Restrains the Malignant Progression of Ovarian Cancer Cells via Regulating P53 and PTEN expressions
Authors: He Fu-le , Hu Mei-lan , Ruan Tian-yin , Li Hao , Pan Jiao-yi , Du Zhen-yu-tong , Wu Kai-han , Ye Yong-ju , He Fu-le 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: Puerarin has been proven to treat diverse cancers, but its function on ovarian cancer (OC) is still blurry and needs further research.Methods: After OC cells were treated with 10, 20, 40, 80, or 160 μg/mL pue, cell vitality, colony number, apoptosis, the positive expression of P53, migration, and invasion were examined by cell function experiments, TUNEL staining, and immunofluorescence. P53, P21, PTEN, FGF1, GLI2, and ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway-related marker expressions were examined by western blot. Results: Pue weakened the OC cell vitality, colony number, and the positive expression of P53 but enhanced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Next, we discovered that pue enhanced the P53, P21, PTEN, and GLI2 levels but restrained the FGF1 level. Pue also alleviated the OC cell migration and invasion activity. We also confirmed that pue weakened the ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway-related marker expressions.Conclusion: Puerarin restrained the OC progression via modulating P53 and PTEN expressions.
miR-24-3p Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Human Cervical Cancer Cells through/via Targeting AMOTL2 and Attenuating the YAP/Hippo Pathway
Authors: Huang Yiyun , Hu Lijun , Lin Lu , Liu Yan , Zhang Yan , Zhou Lan , Zha He 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundmiR-24-3p promotes the development of the majority of malignancies.However, its function in cervical cancer is not clearly elucidated so far.MethodsIn this study, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were measured by the CCK8 and transwell assays. Bioinformatic methods were used to predict the target genes of miR-24-3p, verifying by luciferase reporter assay and western blotting. The target genes set was also used for KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. ResultsThen we obsrved higher miR-24-3p level in cervical cancer cells and faster growth of tumor in a xenograft model. The function assays demonstrated that miR-24-3p promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer cells in vitro. It was confirmed that miR-24-3p directly targeted AMOTL2 and the recovery of AMOTL2 reversed the function of miR-24-3p in cervical cancer cell line CaSki. Besides, miR-24-3p suppressed the Hippo signaling pathway in CaSki and SiHa cells. ConclusionsIn conclusion, our results reminded that miR-24-3p could boost the migration and proliferation of cervical cancer cells via down-regulating AMOTL2 and attenuating YAP/Hippo signaling pathway activity.
Cryo-EM structure of the human Kv3.1 channel reveals gating control by the cytoplasmic T1 domain
Authors: Chi Gamma , Liang Qiansheng , Srid Akshay , Sader Kasim , Radjainia Mazdak , Qian Pu , Castro-Hartmann Pablo , Venkaya Shayla , Singh Nanki Kaur , McKinley Gavin , Fernandez-Cid Alejandra , Mukhopadhyay Shubhashish , Burgess-Brown Nicola , Delemotte Lucie , Covarrubias Manuel , Duerr Katharina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Kv3 channels have distinctive gating kinetics tailored for rapid repolarization in fast-spiking neurons. Malfunction of this process due to genetic variants in the KCNC1 gene causes severe epileptic disorders, yet the structural determinants for the unusual gating properties remain elusive. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of the human Kv3.1a channel, revealing a unique arrangement of the cytoplasmic T1 domain which facilitates interactions with C-terminal axonal targeting motif and key components of the gating machinery. Additional interactions between S1/S2 linker and turret domain strengthen the VSD/PD interface. Supported by MD simulations and electrophysiological and mutational analyses, we identify close communication between α6 helix of T1 domain, S4/S5 linker and S6T helix as responsible for the ultra-fast activation/deactivation and open state stabilisation that are unique to Kv3 channels. These findings provide fundamentally new insights into gating control and disease mechanisms and guide strategies for the design of pharmaceutical drugs targeting Kv3 channels.
Grass–legume intercropping in integrated crop-livestock systems: a strategy to improve soil quality and soybean yield in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Moraes Juliana M. A. S. , Denardin Luiz Gustavo de O. , Pires Gabriela C. , Gonçalves Evelyn C. , Silva Laércio S. , Pacheco Leandro P. , Wruck Flávio J. , Carneiro Marco A. C. , Carvalho Paulo César de F. , Souza Edicarlos D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aims

The integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) under no-tillage improves soil fertility of the Brazilian Cerrado. We aimed to evaluate the effect of different grass-legume intercropping compared to single grass cultivation in the off-season of an ICLS on (i) soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools, (ii) soil microbial biomass and activity, (iii) soil enzymatic activity, and (iv) soybean grain yield in succession.
Methods

The field study was conducted in an on-farm experiment in 2016/17 and 2017/18 cropping seasons. The soybean was cultivated in the summer season, with the subsequent treatments in the off-season, using two grasses (Urochloa ruziziensis and U. brizantha), single or intercropped with Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) or Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan). We evaluated soil organic C and N pools, microbial biomass and activity, enzyme activity, and soybean yield.
Results

Cowpea intercropping yielded 24% more soybeans than grasses single cropped. There was a higher microbial biomass and activity, and enzymatic activity in the soil under grass-legume intercropping. In addition to the lower basal respiration and microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2), the greater microbial quotient (qMIC) and microbial biomass C indicate a higher soil microbial C utilization efficiency under grass-legume intercropping. The soil total organic C and N stocks increased under Pigeon pea intercropping by 16% and 27%, respectively, compared to single grasses.
Conclusions

Grass-legume intercropping in the pasture phase of ICLS is an additional tool to maximize soybean yields in the short term. The intercropping effects on soybean yield were directly related to soil quality improvements through soil biological and biochemical properties.
Leaf Elemental Stoichiometry of Stellera Chamaejasme L. in Response to Environmental Factors in Degraded Grasslands Across Northern China
Authors: Guo Lizhu , Liu Li , Meng Huizhen , Zhang Li , Silva Valdson José , Wang Kun , He Wei , Huang Ding 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Plant leaf stoichiometry reflect its adaptations to environments. Leaf stoichiometry variations across different environments have been extensively studied among grassland plants, but little is known about intraspecific leaf stoichiometry, especially for widely distributed species, such as Stellera chamaejasme L. In order to evaluate the biogeographical drivers for leaf elemental stoichiometry in S. chamaejasme, leaf and soil samples were collected from 29 invaded sites in the two plateaus of distinct environments [the Inner Mongolian Plateau (IM) and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QT)] in Northern China. Leaf C, N, P, and K and their stoichiometric ratios, and soil physicochemical properties were determined. Results showed that mean leaf C, N, P, and K concentrations were 498.60, 19.95, 2.15, and 6.57 g kg-1, respectively; the C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios were 25.46, 246.22, and 9.84, respectively. Only leaf K was significantly different between the two environments studied. Soil physicochemical properties of S. chamaejasme invaded area varied wildly, suggesting this wide ranging species tend to be insensitive to variation in soil nutrient availability. C and N content of S. chamaejasme leaves were unaffected by any environmental factors. However, the stoichiometric homeostasis of P and K was observed. The correlation between leaf P and climate factors was significant only in IM, while leaf K was significantly related to climate factors only in QT. Partial least squares path modeling suggested that soil exerted a significant effect on LP and climate affected leaf P and K both directly and indirectly in QT, while LP appeared to be limited mainly by climatic factors via direct ways and LK was not affected significantly by any environmental factors in IM. This study evaluated the S. chamaejasme leaf elemental stoichiometry and their relationships with environmental variables, which can help understand the plant biogeographic patterns and adaption strategy in degraded grasslands in China.
Oxysterol-Binding Protein 2 Promotes Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression Through Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Process
Authors: Huang Shuai , Zhang Xudong , Luo Kai , Jiang Li , Li Renfeng , Jiang Jianhua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Oxysterol-binding protein 2 (OSBP2) is crucial for the promotion of growth and development of cancers, however, its effects in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) were still unclear. Here we report the evidence that OSBP2 works as an efficient tumor-associated protein to lead to PDAC extremely malignant characters. We discovered that raised OSBP2 expression in primary tumors was associated with shorter survival in PDAC patients. Therefore, we used immunohistochemistry to analysis the levels of OSBP2 expression in PDAC tissues and adjacent para-cancer tissues. We used wound-healing assay and transwell assay to evaluate the effects of OSBP2 on PDAC cells’ (ASPC-1 and BXPC-3) migration and invasion, respectively. Using CCK-8 and Annexin V / PI double staining, we evaluated the effects of OSBP2 on PDAC cells’ proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. We also explored the effect of OSBP2 on chemosensitivity (gemcitabine and 5-Fluorouracil). And we further validated these findings in vivo of mice. At last, we used western blot to analysis the effect of OSBP2 on PDAC cells’ phenotype. We proved that OSBP2 overexpression promoted PDAC cells’ migration, invasion, proliferation and chemotherapy resistance, decreased apoptosis. OSBP2 overexpression downregulated E-cadherin, and upregulated the levels of N-cadherin, vimentin, Snail, Slug, ZEB1 and β-Catenin. Taken collectively, our findings indicated that OSBP2 exhibited overexpression in PDAC, and upregulation of OSBP2 may promote the progression of PDAC. OSBP2 may have potential diagnostic and therapeutic values in PDAC.
Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Multiple Strains in Sputum Samples from Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in South Western Uganda using MIRU-VNTR
Authors: Micheni Lisa Nkatha , Kassaza Kennedy , Kinyi Hellen , Ntulume Ibrahim , Bazira Joel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Infections with multiple strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are now widely recognized as a common occurrence. Identification of patients infected with multiple strains, provides both insight into the disease dynamics and the epidemiology of tuberculosis. Analysis of Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit-Variable-Number Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR) has been shown to be highly sensitive in detecting multiple M. tuberculosis strains even in sputum. The goal of this study was to identify cases of multiple M. tuberculosis strain infections among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in south western Uganda and factors associated with multiple strain infections. Seventy-eight sputum samples were analyzed using the standard 24 loci MIRU-VNTR typing and an exact regression analysis performed using Stata version 14. Five (6.4%) of the 78 patients were infected with multiple strains of M. tuberculosis. All of the patients infected with multiple strains were the newly diagnosed cases while one third of them were co-infected with HIV. These findings point to a critical component of disease dynamics that is most likely being overlooked at the clinical level, emphasizing the need to further study the potential high risk of exposure to these categories of patients at the community level using a larger sample size.