bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extending Diderot unities: How cosmetic surgery changes consumption
Authors: Song Sujin , Gonzalez‐Jimenez Hector , Belk Russell W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConsumers engage in transformative practices such as cosmetic surgery to shape a new self that satisfies personal and social expectations. Yet, we lack an understanding of how cosmetic surgery and the consequent changes to a consumer's self affect their consumption practices. Building on Diderot unities we explore how cosmetic surgery influenced consumption practices of 10 female consumers postcosmetic surgery. Prior work on Diderot unities suggests that it is a new object inspiring the consumption of additional objects. Extending the notion of Diderot unities, we posit that also a new self brings changes in the constellation of consumption objects. Specifically, cosmetic surgery, the self, and material consumption practices are tied together by an expanded view of Diderot unities as not only involving people and objects, but also adding experiences. A newly surgically enhanced person perceives an imbalance between the assemblage of their self and self‐expressive objects. This imbalance sets off a series of purchases to restore balance by acquiring possessions and experiences that match their new magnificent self. Purchases extend to areas such as fashion objects, grooming objects and experiences, as well as experiences related to personal well‐being, vacation and leisure.
Self‐Immolative RAFT‐Polymer End Group Modification
Authors: Scherger Maximilian , Räder Hans Joachim , Nuhn Lutz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReversible modifications of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)‐polymerization derived end groups are usually limited to reductive degradable disulfide conjugates. However, self‐immolative linkers can promote ligation and traceless release of primary and secondary amines as well as alcohols via carbonates or carbamates in β‐position to disulfides. In this study, these two strategies are combined and the concept of self‐immolative RAFT‐polymer end group modifications is introduced: As model compounds, benzylamine, dibenzylamine, and benzyl alcohol are first attached as carbamates or carbonates to a symmetrical disulfide, and in a straightforward one‐pot reaction these groups are reversibly attached to aminolyzed trithiocarbonate end groups of RAFT‐polymerized poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide). Quantitative end group modification is confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and mass spectrometry, while reversible release of attached compounds under physiological reductive conditions is successfully monitored by diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy and thin layer chromatography. Additionally, this concept is further expanded to protein‐reactive, self‐immolative carbonate species that enable reversible bioconjugation of lysozyme and α‐macrophage mannose receptor (MMR) nanobodies as model proteins. Altogether, self‐immolative RAFT end group modifications can form the new basis for reversible introduction of various functionalities to polymer chain ends including protein bioconjugates and, thus, opening novel opportunities for stimuli‐responsive polymer hybrids.
Alternative splicing: An important regulatory mechanism in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Wang Jianyi , Wang Chuhan , Li Le , Yang Lirui , Wang Shuoshuo , Ning Xuelian , Gao Shuangshu , Ren Lili , Chaulagain Anita , Tang Jing , Wang Tianzhen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlternative splicing (AS) is a process that produces various mRNA splicing isoforms via different splicing patterns of mRNA precursors (pre‐mRNAs). AS is the primary mechanism for increasing the types and quantities of proteins to improve biodiversity and influence multiple biological processes, including chromatin modification, signal transduction, and protein expression. It has been reported that AS is involved in the tumorigenesis and development of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). In this review, we delineate the concept, types, regulatory processes, and technical advances of AS and focus on the role of AS in CRC initiation, progression, treatment, and prognosis. This summary of the current knowledge about AS will contribute to our understanding of CRC initiation and development. This study will help in the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CRC prognosis and treatment.
Xanthohumol Microbiome and Signature in Healthy Adults (the XMaS Trial): Safety and Tolerability Results of a Phase I Triple‐Masked, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Langley Blake O. , Ryan Jennifer Joan , Hanes Douglas , Phipps John , Stack Emily , Metz Thomas O. , Stevens J. Frederik , Bradley Ryan 
Published: February 2021

ScopeXanthohumol, a prenylflavonoid from hops, has been extensively studied preclinically but has undergone limited research in human subjects. A triple‐masked, placebo‐controlled phase I clinical trial was conducted to examine the safety and tolerability of xanthohumol.Methods and ResultsThirty healthy volunteers were randomized to 24 mg day−1 xanthohumol (99.8% pure) or placebo for eight weeks. Comprehensive metabolic panels, complete blood counts, body weight, vital signs, and health‐related quality of life questionnaires were assessed every two weeks. Participants were interviewed for adverse events (AEs) throughout the trial. Thirteen of 14 (93%) and 14 of 16 (88%) participants completed the trial in the placebo and xanthohumol groups, respectively. There were no withdrawals due to AEs. There were no clinically relevant, between‐group differences in laboratory biomarkers, body weight, vital signs, or health‐related quality of life. There were no severe or FDA‐defined serious AEs, but non‐serious AEs are documented in both the placebo (n = 42) and xanthohumol (n = 58) groups.ConclusionOver an eight‐week period, 24 mg daily xanthohumol was safe and well‐tolerated by healthy adults.
Autoregulated heavy slow resistance training combined with radial shockwave therapy for plantar heel pain: Protocol for a mixed‐methods pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Burton Ian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlantar heel pain (PHP) is considered a tendinopathy and it affects up to 10% of the population. Both heavy slow resistance training (HSRT) and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) have shown effectiveness for treating PHP in isolation. However, more comprehensive exercise protocols and progression methods are needed due to poor long‐term outcomes, and better standardisation of ESWT protocols are required. Autoregulation of resistance training involves self‐selecting exercise dosage based on individual factors. Although autoregulation has proven effective for strength gains in athletes, it has not been investigated in tendinopathy. Recent studies recommend that PHP should not be treated by one treatment intervention in isolation. However, there is a dearth of research investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of combined treatment interventions for PHP. Currently, no studies have investigated autoregulated HSRT combined with ESWT, despite their individual efficacy. The optimal treatment protocol for PHP is unknown, and there is a need to ascertain whether the addition of ESWT to autoregulated HSRT leads to better outcomes compared to either alone.MethodsA three‐arm randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing these groups would be the ideal way to investigate this question, with a pilot RCT testing trial procedures and process evaluation required prior to a definitive RCT. Patients expectations, feasibility and acceptability of combined ESWT and exercise for PHP also remain unknown. Therefore, the addition of qualitative interviews in a mixed‐methods pilot RCT would help ascertain acceptability and help explain the intervention outcomes.
Randomized algorithms for generalized singular value decomposition with application to sensitivity analysis
Authors: Saibaba Arvind K. , Hart Joseph , van Bloemen Waanders Bart 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD) is a valuable tool that has many applications in computational science. However, computing the GSVD for large‐scale problems is challenging. Motivated by applications in hyper‐differential sensitivity analysis (HDSA), we propose new randomized algorithms for computing the GSVD which use randomized subspace iteration and weighted QR factorization. Detailed error analysis is given which provides insight into the accuracy of the algorithms and the choice of the algorithmic parameters. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithms on test matrices and a large‐scale model problem where HDSA is used to study subsurface flow.
Exploring psychosocial adaptation among people with chronic skin disease: A grounded theory study
Authors: Zhang Xiu‐jie , Xu Hui , Feng Li , Wang Da‐qiu , Wang Ai‐ping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimChronic skin disease (CSD) often has devastating effects on the physiological, psychological and social aspects of patients, who must adapt to them. However, it is not clear how patients adapt, especially with regard to their psychosocial adaptation (PSA). This research explored a theoretical model of PSA among people with CSD.DesignFollowing constructivist grounded theory methodology, a qualitative study was undertaken between August 2018 and June 2019.MethodsObservation and semi‐structured interview were conducted with included participants (n=19). Data were iteratively coded and analyzed by constant comparison following the key stages of initial, focused, axial and theoretical coding until saturation was achieved.ResultsWhen individuals face the impacts of disease, they try to adjust to adapt it. The findings showed the core category (self‐cognitive) and the contributing categories (impacts of chronic skin disease, contextual factors, physiological experiences, psychological experiences, social experiences, and positive and negative psychosocial adaptations) of the PSA among people with CSD. The process of PSA among people with CSD was not linear throughout the disease and was instead entwined within a set of complexes (contextual factors‐experience) interactions. The consequences of PSA included positive and negative aspects. The theoretical model of PSA among people with CSD will provide us with information needed to develop accurate assessment and effective intervention strategies. Understanding that PSA among people with CSD is a complex, dynamic, and interactional process may provide evidence for further assessing and meeting the needs of people.
Communication as a non‐technical skill in the operating room: A qualitative study
Authors: Skråmm Sisilie Havnås , Smith jacobsen Inger Lise , Hanssen Ingrid 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore how operating room nurses (ORNs) experience operating room (OR) team communication concerning non‐technical skills.DesignBased on the Scrub Practitioners List of Intraoperative Non‐Technical Skill (SPLINTS), qualitative individual in‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 11 ORNs in a Norwegian university hospital. Braun and Clarke's six analytic phases for thematic data analysis were used.ResultsSurgeons being unprepared or demanding different instruments than the preoperative information indicates, cause stress and frustration. So does noise and brusquely or poor communication. Ensuring good information flow within the entire team is important. When silence is required, the ORNs communicate with gestures, looks and nods. Creating a positive and secure team culture facilitates discussions, questions and information sharing.ConclusionInappropriate dynamics, inaccurate and/or disrespectful communication and noise may reduce patient safety. Interdisciplinary team training may bring attention to the value of communication as a non‐technical skill.
Shape of BMI–Mortality Risk Associations: Reverse Causality and Heterogeneity in a Representative Cohort of US Adults
Authors: Garcia George R. , Coleman Nathan C. , Pond Zachari A. , Pope C. Arden 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThis study examines BMI–mortality associations and evaluates strategies intended to limit reverse causality. Heterogeneity in BMI–mortality risk associations across subgroups and causes of death is explored.MethodsA cohort of 654,382 adults from the US National Health Interview Survey was constructed. Associations between unit BMI levels and mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, including and excluding the first 5 years of follow‐up, with and without controls for smoking or preexisting conditions, and including and excluding ever‐smokers and individuals with preexisting conditions. Stratified analyses by individual characteristics were performed.ResultsAddressing reverse causality led to reduced risk of mortality among those with low BMI levels (<18 kg/m2). Excluding ever‐smokers and individuals with preexisting conditions further led to increased risk among those with high BMI levels (between 33 kg/m2 and >40 kg/m2) and lowered the estimated nadir risk from 27 kg/m2 to 23 kg/m2. After excluding ever‐smokers and individuals with preexisting conditions, limiting the analysis to >5 years of follow‐up produced no substantive changes. Heterogeneous results were observed across individual characteristics, particularly age and causes of death.ConclusionsThe exclusion of smokers and individuals with preexisting conditions alters the BMI–mortality risk association and results in a somewhat lower range of BMI with minimum mortality risk.
Mismatch Repair (MMR) Gene Alteration and BRAF V600E Mutation Are Potential Predictive Biomarkers of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in MMR-Deficient Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sahin Ibrahim Halil , Goyal Subir , Pumpalova Yoanna , Sonbol Mohamad B. , Das Satya , Haraldsdottir Sigurdis , Ahn Daniel , Ciombor Kristen K. , Chen Zhengjia , Draper Amber , Berlin Jordan , Bekaii-Saab Tanios , Lesinski Gregory B. , El-Rayes Bassel F. , Wu Christina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is highly effective in metastatic mismatch repair-deficient (MMR-D) colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we evaluated molecular and clinical predictors of ICI response in MMR-D CRC.

Materials and Methods
Patient databases at four cancer institutions were queried. The Fisher exact test was performed to test the association of clinical and molecular markers. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate progression-free survival (PFS) and compared by the log-rank test. Twelve- and 24-month PFS rates were compared by the Z test.

Results
A total of 60 patients with CRC with MMR-D/microsatellite instability-high who previously received ICIs were identified. Patients with liver metastasis had a lower overall response rate as compared with other sites of metastasis (36.4% vs. 68.7%; p = .081). Patients with MLH1/PMS2 loss had worse 1-year and 2-year PFS rates compared with patients with MSH2/MSH6 loss (84.2% vs. 57.8% and 78.2% vs. 54.2%, respectively; p &lt; .001). There were improved 1-year and 2-year PFS rates in patients with wild-type BRAF when compared with patients with BRAF V600E mutation (73.3% vs. 40%, and 73.3% vs. 26.7%; respectively; p &lt; .001). Patients aged &gt;65 had significantly worse PFS rates as compared with patients aged ≤65 (p &lt; .001).

Conclusion
BRAF V600E mutation, MLH1 and/or PMS2 loss, as well as age &gt;65 years and liver metastasis, may be predictive of duration of ICI response in patients with MMR-D CRC. Larger cohorts are needed to confirm our findings.

Implications for Practice
The results of this study reveal clinically important biomarkers that potentially predict immune checkpoint inhibitor response in patients with mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer.
Family communication about fertility preservation in adolescent males newly diagnosed with cancer
Authors: Olsavsky Anna L. , Theroux Charleen I. , Dattilo Taylor M. , Klosky James L. , O'Brien Sarah H. , Quinn Gwendolyn P. , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Nahata Leena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundApproximately half of male childhood cancer survivors experience fertility impairment, which can cause psychological distress. Sperm banking remains underutilized among adolescent males with cancer. Parent recommendation influences banking decisions, yet multi‐informant studies have not been conducted to examine fertility preservation (FP) communication and decision making in this population. This study explored FP communication among mothers, fathers, and their male adolescents newly diagnosed with cancer.ProcedureThirty‐three male adolescents, 32 mothers, and 22 fathers completed semi‐structured interviews 1–2 months after cancer diagnosis addressing this question: Tell me more about conversations you had about fertility preservation/sperm banking with your health care providers, parents/son, other family members, or anyone else. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim for thematic content analysis.ResultsFive process themes emerged: (1) reliance on health care team and social support networks to facilitate FP decisions (only parents); (2) withholding parental opinion and deferring the decision to the adolescent; (3) ease of communication (primarily adolescents); (4) communication barriers/facilitators; (5) not being present or not remembering details of FP conversations with health care providers (primarily fathers and adolescents). Four content themes included: (1) preference for biological (grand)parenthood; (2) consideration of adolescent's future partner's desire for biological parenthood (primarily parents); (3) banking while it is a viable option; (4) openness to alternative parenthood options (e.g., adoption/fostering, primary parents).ConclusionsUnderstanding variation in what family members discuss and consider relevant when making FP decisions is an important step toward improving pediatric oncofertility care. Interventions are needed to facilitate family FP‐related conversations and optimize decisional satisfaction over time.
Predicting new protein conformations from molecular dynamics simulation conformational landscapes and machine learning
Authors: Jin Yiming , Johannissen Linus O. , Hay Sam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMolecular dynamics (MD) simulations are a popular method of studying protein structure and function, but are unable to reliably sample all relevant conformational space in reasonable computational timescales. A range of enhanced sampling methods are available that can improve conformational sampling, but these do not offer a complete solution. We present here a proof‐of‐principle method of combining MD simulation with machine learning to explore protein conformational space. An autoencoder is used to map snapshots from MD simulations onto a user‐defined conformational landscape defined by principal components analysis or specific structural features, and we show that we can predict, with useful accuracy, conformations that are not present in the training data. This method offers a new approach to the prediction of new low energy/physically realistic structures of conformationally dynamic proteins and allows an alternative approach to enhanced sampling of MD simulations.
Understanding brain waste: Unequal opportunities for skills development between highly skilled women and men, migrants and nonmigrants
Authors: Riaño Yvonne 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBrain waste studies seldom analyse the skills development of tertiary‐educated workers according to gender and country of origin. Combining statistical analyses, participatory workshops and 77 qualitative interviews on employment trajectories with highly skilled workers in Switzerland, I offer three contributions. An intersectional perspective reveals unequal opportunities of skills development: Swiss‐born men have the highest rates of employment, income and jobs commensurate with their education, followed by foreign‐born men, then Swiss‐born women and lastly foreign‐born women. Second, a multiscalar perspective shows how actions by individuals, families, employers and the state favour or constrain skills advancement among women and men. Individual perceptions of gender roles and unequal childcare responsibilities within couples constrain women's skills development. Further constraints are set by the state and employers' policies and practices regarding migration, childcare, taxation and hiring. Third, a spatial–temporal perspective unveils that gender inequalities arise at particular moments (migration and childbirth) and places (lacking childcare services and limited employment).
RobustH∞filtering for singular Markovian jump systems via decoupling and substitution principles
Authors: Tian Yu‐Feng , Wang Zhan‐Shan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper extends the existing results on the robustH∞filtering problem for singular Markovian jump systems. Firstly, the double variables‐based decoupling principle and the variable substitution principle are proposed, respectively. Secondly, the two principles are employed to formulate a robustH∞filter design condition, which ensures the filtering error system to be stochastically admissible and meetH∞performance. Compared with the existing works, this paper fully considers the free structure of introduced slack matrices, which provides extra dimensions in the solution space. It directly leads to the reduction of conservativeness in the filtering solution. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is illustrated by a numerical example.
Biogeography and habitat evolution of Saxifragaceae, with a revision of generic limits and a new tribal system
Authors: Folk Ryan A. , Stubbs Rebecca L. , Engle‐Wrye Nicholas J. , Soltis Douglas E. , Okuyama Yudai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe family Saxifragaceae, the current composition of which is one of the great surprises of molecular systematics, has been subject to massive improvements in the knowledge of phylogenetic relationships. Nevertheless, developments from phylogenomic efforts have yet to be mobilized to inform biogeography and taxonomy. Here, we use a recent order‐level phylogeny for Saxifragaceae and related families covering 72% of species with a set of new analyses to assess habitat evolution and biogeography. Our results suggest a North American origin of the family in cold alpine habitats, followed by rapid recent evolution of diverse habitat tolerances. We also combine these recent phylogenomic results and a synthesis of the literature to improve generic limits and tribal classification of Saxifragaceae. We recognize 40 genera in 10 tribes, with 14 new combinations, and elevate one subtribe as well as describing four new taxa at the tribal level. Finally, we synthesize information about biogeography and morphology for the family.
Transcranial ultrasound pulse stimulation reduces cortical atrophy in Alzheimer's patients: A follow‐up study
Authors: Popescu Tudor , Pernet Cyril , Beisteiner Roland 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionUltrasound for the brain is a revolutionary therapeutic concept. The first clinical data indicate that 2–4 weeks of therapy with transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) improve functional networks and cognitive performance of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients for up to 3 months. No data currently exist on possible benefits concerning brain morphology, namely the cortical atrophy characteristic of AD.MethodsWe performed a pre‐/post‐therapy analysis of cortical thickness in a group of N = 17 AD patients.ResultsWe found a significant correlation between neuropsychological improvement and cortical thickness increase in AD‐critical brain areas.DiscussionAD patients who benefit from TPS appear to manifest reduced cortical atrophy within the default mode network in particular, whose memory‐related subsystems are believed to be disrupted in AD. TPS may therefore hold promise as a new add‐on therapy for AD.