bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of production efficiency and income to support sustainability of cassava farming in Lampung Tengah District, Lampung Province
Authors: Murniati K , Zakaria W A , Endaryanto T , Indah L S M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the efficiency of production, income, and sustainability of cassava farmers revenue in Lampung Tengah Regency, Lampung Province. Lampung Tengah Regency was chosen as the research location with the consideration that the district is a center for cassava production in Lampung Province. The number of respondents was 60 respondents who were taken using simple random sampling. Data collection was carried out in July 2020. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Data analysis used the production function stochastic frontier with the Frontier 4.1 program, income analysis, and R/C ratio to know sustainability of cassava farming. The result showed that cassava farming in Lampung Tengah Regency on average, is not efficient both technically and economically but was profitable with R/C > 1 it means the cassava farming in Lampung Tengah district still sustain to cultivate.
New insights into Sumatran camphor (Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn) management and conservation in western coast Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Aswandi A , Kholibrina C R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Camphor resin has been harvested since the seventh century on western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. Oils or crystals containing borneol collected from Sumatran camphor tree (Dryobalanops aromatica) for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and fragrances. However, illegal logging and land conversion put the vulnerable species threatened. Based on exploration, remaining camphor trees were found growing in small-inaccessible clusters on lowlands to hills in Aceh and North Sumatra. The population declining has a direct impact on camphor productivity. Camphor crystals have been harvested by cutting and splitting stems into logs and 1.5–2.5 kg of crystals were gathered, conventionally. Camphor extraction also conducted by applying a notch on trunk of standing trees and harvesting liquid resin that exudate from wounded resin channel. Branches and leaves biomass also contain camphor oil, especially young fresh leaves (25.6%). The volatile aromatic compound in this section reveals some opportunities for camphor provision through leaves distillation (yield 0.46-0.73%), a value-added from more sustainable scheme. High beneficial compound contained, 1.8 cineole reveals the opportunities for oil utilization as anti-viral, expectorant, and respiratory and blood vessels blockage treatments. Furthermore, tree improvement strategy initiated by collecting genetic material from various remaining provenances to support species conservation and breeding populations.
The abundance and diversity of Basidiomycetes fungi in sago bark waste
Authors: Kasi P D , Tenriawaru E P , Cambaba S , Triana B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the abundance and diversity of Basidiomycetes fungi on sago bark waste. This research was conducted in January-February 2020 at Tondok Alla village, Telluwanua district, Palopo city (as location I) and Kalotok village, South Sabbang district, North Luwu regency (as location II). Climate data for the study period were obtained from the BMKG online website. The morphology of the fungi obtained from the sago bark waste was observed and identified morphologically for stalk color, cap structure and cap colour. The number of identified Basidiomycetes were analyzed to obtain relative abundance, species richness, evenness, Shannon Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index, and community similarity index. The climate observation results showed that, the average temperature was 27.74 (° C), 80.36% humidity, 12.37 mm of rainfall, and 4 hours / day of sun exposure. The fungi observation results showed that, several species of Basidiomycetes fungi was observed at both locations. Schizophyllum commune is the dominant species at both sites, and Ganoderma sp. the least. The species richness index, species evenness index, and diversity index at location I were higher than location II, while the Simpson dominance index was the highest in location II. Both locations have the same community structure based on the similarity index.
Growth performance and fruiting of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) clonal plantation at vertic soil area in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta for conservation strategy
Authors: Adinugraha H A , Setiadi D , Santoso H B , Kartikawati N K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Breadfruit is one of the tree species with a wide distribution in the Indonesian archipelago and shows variations in growth morphology, leave, and fruits. Therefore, the breadfruit clonal test plantation was carried out from several origin distributions at vertisol land in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, with a spacing of 5 x 5 m. This study aimed to identify the variation in growth and fruit production of 12 breadfruit cultivars at 10 years old. They were collected from Gunungkidul, Kediri, Banyuwangi, Sukabumi, Banten, Bali, Mataram, Lampung, Bone, Malino, Sorong, and Manokwari. The study was conducted by selecting 4 trees from each cultivar that have average growth and replicated five times. The growth characters of breadfruit trees were observed, namely height, stem diameter at breast height, canopy width, and a number of fruits. The observation results showed that there is a significant influence of origin distribution of breadfruit on growth and fruiting performance. The average tree height was 6.1-9.7 m, stem diameter 14.2-22.0 cm, canopy width 3.2-6.1 m, and the number of ripe fruit 3-21 fruit/tree. Breadfruit clones from South Sulawesi (Bone, Malino) and Papua (Sorong, Manokwari) were relatively stable, showing the best performance in all the characters observed. It is indicated that cultivars from South Sulawesi and Papua were adaptable in vertic soil.
The effect of storage time on the raw material of insecticide candidate from gamal leaves (Gliricidia maculata) on the toxicities stability to control mealybug
Authors: Murad K U F , Nukmal N , Setyaningrum E 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study to evaluate the effect of storage time on the persentage of yield extract and toxicity stability of Gamal leaves (Gliricidia maculata) powder to control mealybugs. The gamal leaves were colected form three different cultivars (North Lampung, West Lampung, and Pringsewu). The leaves powder was stored in the freezer (-4 ¼C) during 12 and 24 months. The powder storaged was macerated with methanol and aqudest, then concentrated by rotary vacuum evaporator to yield the crute exstract (paste), the paste was used for bioassay to mealybugs with residual effect methode. The result shows that the storage time of the powder raw material of insecticide candidate from G. maculata leaves for 12-24 months does not significantly affect to the stability of the toxicity and persentage paste yield. But the long time of storege culd be decrese the toxicyty effectiveness and persentage paste yield gained
The effect of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and Rhizhobium sp bacteria on growth and yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L)
Authors: Birnadi S , Yusidah I , Priatna T , Qodim H , Solehudin  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Peanut is one of the agribusiness commodities with high economic value, and is a source of protein for the population of Indonesia. National peanut production is still low, even from 2008 to 2012 it continued to decline. In 2008 peanut production. land was around 770 054 t, and in 2012 it was around 709 063 t. The average production capability is only about 1 t ha-1 dry beans. This decrease occurred by several factors, ranging from extreme climates, decreasing nutrient content, lower soil quality and pest attacks. Organic fertilizers can help improve soil quality and provide nutrients, while bacteria (Rhizobium sp) available nitrogen in the soil becomes available to plants. Purpose of the study to determine the interaction between fake water hyacinth fertilizer and rhizobium sp. Bacteria and its effect on the growth and yield of Kancil Peanut (Archis hypogea L) varieties. To determine the optimum dose of hyacinth organic fertilizer, rhizobium bacteria in each cultivar on growth and yield of peanut plants soil (Archis hypogea L) variety Kancil. The method used in this study was a randomized block design with 2 treatments and 3 replications. The first treatment is bohasi water hyacinth = dose 0 tonnes ha-1, 15 tonnes ha-1, 30 tonnes ha-1. The second treatment was rhizobium bacteria = dose 0 g 100 gr-1 seed, 5 g 100 gr-1 seed dose, 10 g 100 gr-1 seed dose, 15 g 100 gr-1 seed dose. The results showed that the independent treatment had a significant effect on bohasi water hyacinth treatment at plant height 42-49 days after planting, and rhizobium bacteria with a dose of 15 g 100 gr-1 seeds. Significantly affect plant height at 42-49 days after planting.
The effect of dung and local microorganism of banana corm application on the growth and the yield of mung beans (Vigna radiata L) Vima - 2 variety
Authors: Ginandjar S , Hakim L A , Subandi M , Rahmadi A , Hakim M T A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mung beans are plants that have high economic value but the production of mung beans in Indonesia is still low. Dung serves to provide nutrients for plants, improve soil structure, and retain water in the soil. MOL (local microorganisms) banana corm has a number of microorganisms that can help plants absorb nutrients found in the soil. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the interaction between types of dung (dung) and banana corm local micro organization (MOL) on the growth and yield of mung beans Vima 2 and to determine the type of dung and the MOL dose of banana corm that was best for the growth and yield of mung bean plants. The method used in this study was a randomized block design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor is the type of dung = no dung (j0), chicken dung (dung) (jl), goat dung (j2) and cow dung (j3). The second factor was the MOL dose of banana weevil, 0 ml plant-1 (m0), 50 ml plant-1 (m1) and 100 ml plant-1 (m2). The results showed that the application of dung and the MOL dose of banana corm did not show any interaction, but there was an independent influence by the type of dung on the parameters of plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds planted, and harvest index, so that the type of dung that gives optimum results in mung bean cultivation is chicken dung.
Communication model of musyawarah and role of traditional leaders in building public acceptance to support nuclear powerplant development plan at Bengkayang Regency
Authors: Herawati N , Sunyata L , Sudagung A D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper aims to explain communication strategy to increase the public acceptance of nuclear power plant in Bengkayang Regency. West Kalimantan will be the first area to have a nuclear power plant in Indonesia. In order to get the permit to build it, the government need public acceptance. Nevertheless, society divided into pro and cons on the nuclear issue. Government need a new communication strategy to bridge the divided opinion. This study aims to elaborate on the concept of deliberation communication and social perception. The qualitative method used in doing this research. Data analysis conducted by interview and literature studies. Results of the research found that the society of Bengkayang tends to trust their traditional leaders. The best communication strategy to help people understand the message is by having deliberation communication. Within the deliberation, the communicator should be accompanied by the traditional leader. Before that, the expert has to convince those traditional leaders to support the message they wanted to deliver to the people. Others finding of this research was the people only need a simple explanation on the benefit and risk with a nuclear power plant in there area.
The effect of various varieties of cassava stems waste and tapioca adhesive concentrations on the quality of bio-coal briquette
Authors: Asmara S , Lanya B , Tamrin  , Putri A N , Rahmat A , Mutolib A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aims to utilize the combination of cassava and coal waste as raw materials for making briquettes using several different concentrations of tapioca adhesives. This study uses a completely randomized design (RDC) with 2 factorials. The first factor is material composition, assigned by the letter P, which has 3 different varieties of different cassava, which are (P1) Kasetsart cassava and coal waste, (P2) Thai cassava and coal waste, and (P3) butter cassava and coal waste. The second factor is tapioca adhesive concentration, which consists of two different treatments: (M1) 15% and (M2) 20%. The combination of these different treatments then repeated 4 times resulted in 24 experimental units. The briquettes produced then underwent several characteristics tests, including water content, calorific value, combustion rate, density, compressive strength, shatter resistance index, and changes in the temperature of the pan base when the briquettes were burned. The acquired data then processed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and SAS v9 software. The data obtained will then be compared to SNI (Indonesia National Standard) to find out whether the briquette is fulfilling the requirement for application. The results are as follows: treatment P1M1 and P1M2 have a water content ranging from 5.36-7.09% and a calorific value between 4.427 – 5.541 cal/g, and it also fulfills the SNI Standard. Another characteristic is shown by P1M1 and P1M2 such as combustion rate around 0.37-0.4 g/min, density between 0.37-0.39 g/cm3, compressive strength between 48.67 N/cm2, and shatter resistance index numbering around 99.90-99.92%, able to fulfill 95% of the SNI requirement for bio coal briquette, as well as changes in the bottom temperature of the pan which has reached the highest temperature of 303°C in the 26th minute of the P1M1 treatment combination and the lowest is 311°C at the 28th minute of the P1M2 treatment combination.
Spatial model of control of fire prone peatlands based on rainfall data (case study: Kepulauaan Meranti Regency, Riau Province)
Authors: Turmudi  , Suryanta J , Nahib I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Peatland fires in Indonesia occur every year, and the impacts are also known to cause many costs. Fires in Indonesia are 99% caused by humans. Fires can occur when the components of the fire are available, namely fuel, oxygen and heat sources. Triangel fire components are in optimal conditions when the land is dry. Dry conditions are mainly caused by weather, and are reinforced by human activities. The main influence of weather is in the form of rainfall, while the human influence is in the form of canalization. Low rainfall causes dry land and plants. Canalization has the potential to cause the surrounding land to become dry. The canalization is made so that the plant roots are in the aerobic zone, so that the plants can grow well. The purpose of this study is to find out how much rainfall there are still fires and their distribution. By knowing this information, it is hoped that efforts to control forest and land fires can be carried out more effectively. The method used is spatial analysis. Materials used: 2005-2016 rainfall data, 2005-2016 hotspots data, 1: 50,000 scale RBI map. The results of this study indicate that thde chance of occurrence of fires on the low rainfall class (0 - 100 mm) has 70,5 % higher than chance of occurrence of fires than medium raifall class (100 - 300 mm) of 24,5 %.
Dynamic Urban Modelling for Urban Growth Varieties and Transport : Building A Complex Dynamic Model
Authors: Abdul Hussein Bedewy Baydaa , Hassan Alwan Kareem , Kamel Fleeh Moheeb 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The need for urban simulation is to improve understanding of urban development and to predict urban changes. The dynamics of urban systems seek to represent the evolutionary patterns of a city over time and space, and it is possible to reduce uncertainty and increase understanding of the urban system as it is a very complex system. An integrated and proactive approach has been developed to plan for growth and transportation for the city of Al-Diwaniyah. Which is based on the CA (Cellular Automata) and shows that the pathway of simulation results reveals the difference in the expansion of urban areas in all directions of the city. This study extended to future stages to (2049) through a dynamic model. It is complicated by using the certification authority (CA cell model) and the results show that the complex interaction between growth and transmission has been well handled by the model. The model has shown during the simulation period of reality and the future (2019-2049) with cellular modelling CA and the future scenario for prediction indicates that commercial and entertainment in Al-Diwaniyah city increased in (2049) and therefore cellular modelling was found to be the most suitable for use in simulating urban growth in areas with evidence of simulation of reality and its comparison with the averages of uses in the city’s basic plan, which determined a percentage of 2035 that was exceeded by reality in 2029. The simulation results show that Al-Diwaniyah will face enormous challenges in the field of transport and urban development in (2049) within the framework of the current trends scenario. The accelerated growth of the population that excelled the estimates of the basic plan by a large percentage, especially among the model, reached 2034 with a city area of 10805 hectares. While in the basic plan it was explained by 2035 the city reaches 10643 hectares, and from the observation of the stages of changing uses according to the basic plan for the city of Al-Diwaniyah. In fact, the reality excelled the proportions from 2009 until Now 2019, especially the city of Al-Diwaniyah, which is directed towards commercial activity and religious and recreational tourism investments. The study ended with the most important recommendations and proposals to improve the city’s reality and drew the researchers’ attention to the importance of the subject of the study.
The natural and environmental resources in the marshes and the means of their investments (Chebaish as a model)
Authors: Abdul-Kaream Alabbas Aalaa , Oudah Alumery Abbas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The marshes are possessing natural economic capabilities and environmental resources and unique biological diversity. It inhabited by thousands of citizens for thousands of years, as these residents relied heavily on the natural environmental and economic resources which they depend on them as a basis for their livelihood, and given the increasing continuous demand for these resources as well as the frequent government neglect for this environment, for these reasons the research problem resulted from the weak investment of natural and economic environmental resources and their excessive and unsustainable exploitation, which led to an imbalance in the environmental and economic balance of the region. The main goals of the research were to maintain the natural resources in sustainable and sustainable economic activities for the residents and to achieve the goals of sustainable development, and the research adopted the hypothesis that natural and economic resources can be sustained through sustainable spatial development by activating institutional aspects as well as environmental awareness, which will enhance their sustainability in the present and the future. To achieve this, a complete survey of villages and human settlements in the study area was conducted, as well as a determination of the proportions of the economic activities and their geographical distribution. The research concluded that there is unsustainable use and un-environmentally sound methods for some natural resources through some economic activities such as fishing for fish and birds, as well as a lack of interest and governmental neglect for some of the economic activities, such as buffalo breeding and milk production. The research reached the most important recommendations of the necessity of activating sustainable spatial development and the existence of great opportunities to invest better and sustainable natural and economic resources as well as developing the eco-tourism aspect, to achieve the well-being and prosperity of the inhabitants as well as to preserve the marshes, their integrity and their sobriety within the list of world heritage and their international environmental agreements.
Contemporary trends in sustainable urban planning Analytical Vision in Contemporary Global Experiences
Authors: Kamel Al-Rawe Moheb , Rezaq Ali Al-Timimy Sophia , Yassir Hussain Kamil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In recent years, planning science has evolved from a rational approach to an experimental one, from (as a product forms to a process of policy formulation and planning decision-making). Then, planning had transformed from the era of modernity to post-modernity, Which was accompanied by a lot of a number of trends, refer to planning is no longer measured by matching its outputs, results and formulated in shapes to the plan, but rather on the extent to which the planner contributes to improving the decision-makers’ understanding of immediate problems now and in future. Among the most prominent of these trends: Multi Ethic planning or Multicultural City planning to(Leonie Sandercock), collaborative planning to (Innes, Healy), Just city to (Fainstein), New Urbanism, and Phronetic planning to (Flyvbjerg), Which will be summarized by the research, and sheds light on Phronetic planning is the main of research axis.Wherefore, the research deals with the definition of this schematic, the philosophical foundations and the intellectual dimensions by introducing a theoretical framework that deals in detail with the concepts, details and rationality in the ideas of Aristotle and Foucault. The Planning and Design Study Project (OECD) as a model for international accreditation, winning the European Union Prize as Urban Policy in Democracy and Planning Terms. Finally, The research concludes that Phronetic planning is the most appropriate to deal with democratic practices to influence the solution of local problems that require practice and application to solve the conflict between the reconciliation and societal need, To deals with each urban situation as a special urban phenomenon and a unique humanitarian problem, that cannot be generalized or resorted to rational theories to find unilateral solutions.
Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Laser Deposited Ti-6Al-4V Alloy: A Review
Authors: Omoniyi P.O. , Akinlabi E.T. , Mahamood R. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLaser Metal Deposition (LMD) is known to be an Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique which produces parts by depositing materials layer by layer. Its quality is reliant on the process parameters, which need to be optimised to attain improved mechanical properties. This article reviewed the mechanical properties (microstructure and tensile strength) of LMD Ti6Al4V alloy published by different authors and relates these mechanical properties with the effects of some of the processing parameters required for additive manufacturing of titanium alloys. Furthermore, the article summaries important findings and proffer suggestions for future research in the area of machine part repair using LMD technique.