bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors related to large bone defects of bipolar lesions and a high number of instability episodes with anterior glenohumeral instability
Authors: Matsumura Noboru , Kaneda Kazuya , Oki Satoshi , Kimura Hiroo , Suzuki Taku , Iwamoto Takuji , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya , Nagura Takeo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSignificant bone defects are associated with poor clinical results after surgical stabilization in cases of glenohumeral instability. Although multiple factors are thought to adversely affect enlargement of bipolar bone loss and increased shoulder instability, these factors have not been sufficiently evaluated. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors related to greater bone defects and a higher number of instability episodes in patients with glenohumeral instability.MethodsA total of 120 consecutive patients with symptomatic unilateral instability of the glenohumeral joint were retrospectively reviewed. Three-dimensional surface-rendered/registered models of bilateral glenoids and proximal humeri from computed tomography data were matched by software, and the volumes of bone defects identified in the glenoid and humeral head were assessed. After relationships between objective variables and explanatory variables were evaluated using bivariate analyses, factors related to large bone defects in the glenoid and humeral head and a high number of total instability episodes and self-irreducible dislocations greater than the respective 75th percentiles were evaluated using logistic regression analyses with significant variables on bivariate analyses.ResultsLarger humeral head defects (P< .001) and a higher number of total instability episodes (P= .032) were found to be factors related to large glenoid defects. On the other hand, male sex (P= .014), larger glenoid defects (P= .015), and larger number of self-irreducible dislocations (P= .027) were related to large humeral head bone defects. An increased number of total instability episodes was related to longer symptom duration (P= .001) and larger glenoid defects (P= .002), and an increased number of self-irreducible dislocations was related to larger humeral head defects (P= .007).ConclusionsWhereas this study showed that bipolar lesions affect the amount of bone defects reciprocally, factors related to greater bone defects differed between the glenoid and the humeral head. Glenoid defects were related to the number of total instability episodes, whereas humeral head defects were related to the number of self-irreducible dislocations.
Elderly patients with concurrent hip fracture and lower respiratory tract infection: the pathogens and prognosis over different bedridden periods
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Tian Wei , Deng Xiaohui , Yue Rui , Ge Xiaozhu , Wu Xinbao , Zhang Ping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundElderly patients who experience hip fractures often become bedridden and are at risk of developing lower respiratory tract infections. The current study was to investigate the etiology and bacterial drug resistance patterns of elderly patients with hip fractures and lower respiratory tract infections on prolonged bedridden time and to determine their prognosis.MethodsPatients diagnosed with hip fractures admitted from May 2015 to April 2017 were included. The basic characteristics including the patients’ gender, age, fracture type, operation mode, bedridden duration, length of hospital stay, prognosis, past medical history, routine bloodwork, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), blood biochemistry, blood gas analysis, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C%), sputum smear, sputum culture, and anti-infection and related therapy were recorded. All patients were classified into three groups based on bed rest duration, including short-term (<1 month), mid-term (1–12 months), and long-term (> 12 months). The correlation between the bedridden time and the patients’ basic characteristics, disease history, laboratory examination results, pathogen, anti-infection, and related therapy were evaluated. The risk factors related to the prognosis of the disease were investigated.ResultsProlonged bed rest in patients led to an increase in hospitalization time, mortality rates, and decreased serum albumin levels (P< 0.05). Sputum bacteriological culture results showed that, with bed rest prolongation, the proportion ofPseudomonas aeruginosaand fungal infections increased. Binomial logistic regression of pulmonary infection prognosis, glucocorticoid use during the anti-infective period, prolonged bedridden time, and serum albumin level showed that intravenous use of glucocorticoid during anti-infective treatment, bed rest > 1 year, and low serum albumin level were related to poor prognosis.ConclusionElderly hip fracture patients with prolonged bedridden time had an increased chance of opportunistic pulmonary infection and decreased nutritional status. Glucocorticoids should be used cautiously.
MRI recovery of the Achilles tendon after percutaneous tenotomy in older children
Authors: Yao Manye , Zhang Chunxu , Cheng Weyland , Guo Junhong , Dong Shijie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
An observational study was conducted to evaluate the recovery of older children with relapsed congenital clubfoot who underwent an Achilles tenotomy for the second time as part of the Ponseti treatment.

Methods
Thirteen patients (19 feet) with congenital clubfoot underwent Achilles tenotomy where magnetic resonance images of the severed tendons were taken after 1, 3, and 6 weeks post-procedure. The participants were categorized into older children who underwent tenotomy for the first time (group A: mean, 4.9±1.8, and range, 2.8–7 years old) and older children who underwent tenotomy for a second time (group B: mean, 4.9±1.5, and range, 3–6.8 years old). The area of high signal intensity between the severed tendons on MRI scans was computed using Python programming language and compared with clinical assessment.

Results
Three weeks after Achilles tenotomy, groups A and B had clinically intact tendons in 9 out of 11 and 2 out of 8 feet, respectively, according to both clinical and MRI assessment. From week 1 to week 3 post-tenotomy, computational analysis showed that the mean high signal intensity area of group A decreased by 88.5±15.2%, which was significantly different (P .048 < .05) than the percent reduction of high signal intensity area of group B (69.0±24.9%).

Conclusion
Children who underwent Achilles tenotomy for the second time showed slower tendon recovery on the third week post-procedure. A possible reason for slower healing times may be due to the location of tenotomy in being further away from the musculotendinous junction where extrinsic healing mechanisms take place.
An adult with episodic retrosternal chest pain: an unusual presentation of congenital pulmonary airway malformation – case report
Authors: Goldsmith Ira , George Joseph , Aslam Umair , Sharma Sobaran 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection presenting as episodic retrosternal chest pain on exertion in an adult has not been described.

Case presentation
A 21-year-old female, non-smoker, presented with a 4-year history of sharp, episodic, retrosternal chest pains brought on with exercise. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan showed a grossly overinflated left lower lobe with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage into the left hemi-azygos vein. Lobectomy, the recommended treatment of choice, carried out thoracoscopically, was curative with satisfactory mid-term results. Histology confirmed type-II congenital pulmonary airway malformation.

Conclusions
CPAM can present in young adults with unusual symptoms of chest pain on exertion. When suspected a contrast-enhanced CT scan is the gold standard for establishing the diagnosis. An anatomical lung resection is curative with satisfactory medium term results.
Towards enhanced understanding of idiopathic ketotic hypoglycemia: a literature review and introduction of the patient organization, Ketotic Hypoglycemia International
Authors: Drachmann Danielle , Hoffmann Erica , Carrigg Austin , Davis-Yates Beccie , Weaver Valerie , Thornton Paul , Weinstein David A. , Petersen Jacob S. , Shah Pratik , Christesen Henrik Thybo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic Ketotic hypoglycemia (IKH) is a diagnosis of exclusion. Although considered as the most frequent cause of hypoglycemia in childhood, little progress has been made to advance the understanding of IKH since the medical term was coined in 1964. We aimed to review the literature on ketotic hypoglycemia (KH) and introduce a novel patient organization, Ketotic Hypoglycemia International (KHI).ResultsIKH may be diagnosed after the exclusion of various metabolic and hormonal diseases with KH. Although often mild and self-limiting, more severe and long-lasting IKH occurs. We therefore divide IKH in physiological KH and pathological KH, the latter defined as recurrent symptomatic, or occasionally symptomatic, episodes with beta-hydroxybutyrate ≥ 1.0 mmol/L and blood glucose < 70 mg/dL (3.9 mol/L), in the absence of prolonged fasting, acute infections and chronic diseases known to cause KH. Pathological KH may represent undiscovered diseases, e.g. glycogen storage disease IXa, Silver–Russel syndrome, and ketone transporter defects, or suggested novel disease entities identified by exome sequencing. The management of KH aims to prevent hypoglycemia, fatty acid oxidation and protein deficiency by supplying adequate amounts of carbohydrates and protein, including nutritional therapy, uncooked cornstarch, and sometimes continuous tube feeding by night. Still, intravenous dextrose may be needed in acute KH episodes. Failure to acknowledge that IKH can be more than normal variation may lead to under-treatment. KHI is a non-profit, patient-centric, global organization established in 2020. The organization was created by adult IKH patients, patient family members, and volunteers. The mission of KHI is to enhance the understanding of IKH while advocating for patients, their families and the continued research into KH.ConclusionIKH is a heterogeneous disorder including physiological KH and pathological KH. IKH may represent missed diagnoses or novel disease entities, but shares common management principles to prevent fatty acid oxygenation. KHI, a novel patient organization, aims to enhance the understanding of IKH by supporting IKH families and research into IKH.
Lymphocyte expansion in bioreactors: upgrading adoptive cell therapy
Authors: Garcia-Aponte Oscar Fabian , Herwig Christoph , Kozma Bence 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBioreactors are essential tools for the development of efficient and high-quality cell therapy products. However, their application is far from full potential, holding several challenges when reconciling the complex biology of the cells to be expanded with the need for a manufacturing process that is able to control cell growth and functionality towards therapy affordability and opportunity. In this review, we discuss and compare current bioreactor technologies by performing a systematic analysis of the published data on automated lymphocyte expansion for adoptive cell therapy. We propose a set of requirements for bioreactor design and identify trends on the applicability of these technologies, highlighting the specific challenges and major advancements for each one of the current approaches of expansion along with the opportunities that lie in process intensification. We conclude on the necessity to develop targeted solutions specially tailored for the specific stimulation, supplementation and micro-environmental needs of lymphocytes’ cultures, and the benefit of applying knowledge-based tools for process control and predictability.
Monitoring advances including consent: learning from COVID-19 trials and other trials running in UKCRC registered clinical trials units during the pandemic
Authors: Love Sharon B. , Armstrong Emma , Bayliss Carrie , Boulter Melanie , Fox Lisa , Grumett Joanne , Rafferty Patricia , Temesi Barbara , Wills Krista , Corkhill Andrea 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected how clinical trials are managed, both within existing portfolios and for the rapidly developed COVID-19 trials. Sponsors or delegated organisations responsible for monitoring trials have needed to consider and implement alternative ways of working due to the national infection risk necessitating restricted movement of staff and public, reduced clinical staff resource as research staff moved to clinical areas, and amended working arrangements for sponsor and sponsor delegates as staff moved to working from home.Organisations have often worked in isolation to fast track mitigations required for the conduct of clinical trials during the pandemic; this paper describes many of the learnings from a group of monitoring leads based in United Kingdom Clinical Research Collaboration (UKCRC) Clinical Trials Unit (CTUs) within the UK.The UKCRC Monitoring Task and Finish Group, comprising monitoring leads from 9 CTUs, met repeatedly to identify how COVID-19 had affected clinical trial monitoring. Informed consent is included as a specific issue within this paper, as review of completed consent documentation is often required within trial monitoring plans (TMPs). Monitoring is defined as involving on-site monitoring, central monitoring or/and remote monitoring.Monitoring, required to protect the safety of the patients and the integrity of the trial and ensure the protocol is followed, is often best done by a combination of central, remote and on-site monitoring. However, if on-site monitoring is not possible, workable solutions can be found using only central or central and remote monitoring. eConsent, consent by a third person, or via remote means is plausible. Minimising datasets to the critical data reduces workload for sites and CTU staff. Home working caused by COVID-19 has made electronic trial master files (TMFs) more inviting. Allowing sites to book and attend protocol training at a time convenient to them has been successful and worth pursuing for trials with many sites in the future.The arrival of COVID-19 in the UK has forced consideration of and changes to how clinical trials are conducted in relation to monitoring. Some developed practices will be useful in other pandemics and others should be incorporated into regular use.
Efficacy of a spot-on formulation containing moxidectin 2.5%/imidacloprid 10% for the treatment of Cercopithifilaria spp. and Onchocerca lupi microfilariae in naturally infected dogs from Portugal
Authors: Otranto Domenico , Colella Vito , Bezerra-Santos Marcos Antônio , Mendoza-Roldan Jairo Alfonso , Cavalera Maria Alfonsa , Pereira André , Schaper Roland , Maia Carla 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Onchocerca lupi and Cercopithifilaria spp. are vector-borne filarioids of dogs, which harbour skin microfilariae (mfs), the former being of zoonotic concern. Proper treatment studies using compounds with microfilaricidal activity have not been performed. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of a commercially available spot-on formulation containing moxidectin 2.5%/imidacloprid 10% for the treatment of O. lupi or Cercopithifilaria spp. skin-dwelling mfs in naturally infected dogs.

Methods
Privately owned dogs (n = 393) from southern Portugal were sampled via skin biopsies to identify and count mfs in 20 µl of skin sediment. A total of 22 mfs-positive dogs were allocated to treatment group (n = 11; G1) or left untreated as a control (n = 11; G2). As a pilot investigation to test the treatment efficacy, five dogs assigned to G1 were treated four times at monthly intervals with moxidectin 2.5%/imidacloprid 10% spot-on formulation on SDs 0, 28 (± 2), 56 (± 2), and 84 (± 2). Based on the negative results for both O. lupi and/or Cercopithifilaria spp. mfs of dogs in the pilot study from SD28 onwards, the remaining six dogs in G1 were treated at SD0 and assessed only at SD28.

Results
Of the 393 animals sampled, 78 (19.8%) scored positive for skin-dwelling mfs. At the pilot investigation, a mean number of 19.6 mfs for O. lupi was recorded among five infected dogs whereas no mfs were detected at SD28. At SD0, the mean number of Cercopithifilaria spp. larvae was 12.6 for G1 and 8.7 for G2. The mean number of mfs for G2 was 20.09.

Conclusions
Results herein obtained suggest that a single treatment with moxidectin 2.5%/imidacloprid 10% spot-on formulation is efficacious against skin-dwelling mfs in dogs. The microfilaricidal effect of moxidectin could also be useful in reducing the risk of O. lupi infection for humans.

Graphical Abstract
Decapneization as supportive therapy for the treatment of status asthmaticus: a case report
Authors: Esposito Rossella , Esposito Irene , Imperatore Francesco , Liguori Giovanni , Gritti Fabrizio , Cafora Chiara , Marsilia Paolo Francesco , De Cristofaro Maria 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Acute severe asthma is a life-threatening medical emergency. Characteristics of asthma include increased airway resistance and dynamic pulmonary hyperinflation that can manifest in dangerous levels of hypercapnia and acidosis, with significant mortality and morbidity. Severe respiratory distress can lead to endotracheal intubation followed by mechanical ventilation, which can cause increased air trapping with dynamic hyperinflation, predisposing the lungs to barotraumas.

Case presentation
The present case report describes the use of the minimally invasive ECCO2R ProLUNG® (Estor) with protective low-tidal-volume ventilation, in a Caucasian patient with near-fatal asthma and with no response to conventional therapy.

Conclusions
Since hypercarbia rather than hypoxemia is the primary abnormality in status asthmaticus, a rescue therapeutic strategy combining the ECCO2R membrane ProLUNG® (Estor) with ultra-protective low-tidal-volume ventilation can be successfully applied to limit the risk of severe barotrauma during invasive mechanical ventilation. ECCO2R ProLUNG® is a partial respiratory support technique that, based on the use of an extracorporeal circuit with a gas-exchange membrane, achieves relevant CO2 clearance directly from the blood using double-lumen venous-venous vascular access, at blood flow in the range of 0.4–1.0 L/minute.
Andrographolide promotes proliferative and osteogenic potentials of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells through the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Phunikom Naruphong , Boonmuen Nittaya , Kheolamai Pakpoom , Suksen Kanoknetr , Manochantr Sirikul , Tantrawatpan Chairat , Tantikanlayaporn Duangrat 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe in vitro expansion and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow (BM-hMSCs) are considered as potential therapeutic tools for clinical applications in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, invasive sampling and reduction in number and proliferative capacity with age are the major limitations of BM-hMSCs. Recently, human placenta-derived MSCs (PL-hMSCs) obtained by a non-invasive procedure have attracted much interest. Attempts to increase the potential of PL-hMSCs would be an important paradigm in regenerative medicine. Herein, we examined the proliferative and osteogenic effect of andrographolide (AP) on PL-hMSCs.MethodsMesenchymal stem cells were isolated from full-term normal human placentas and were characterized before using. Cell cytotoxicity and proliferative effect of AP were examined by MTT and BrdU assay, respectively. The non-toxicity concentrations of AP were further assessed for osteogenic effect determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and activity, alizarin red staining, and osteoblast-specific gene expressions. Screening of genes involved in osteogenic differentiation-related pathways modulated by AP was explored by a NanoString nCounter analysis.ResultsPL-hMSCs generated in this study met the MSC criteria set by the International Society of Cellular Therapy. The non-cytotoxic concentrations of AP on PL-hMSCs are up to 10 μM. The compound increased PL-hMSC proliferation concomitant with increases in Wnt/β-catenin level and activity. It also enhanced osteogenic differentiation in association with osteoblast-specific mRNA expression. Further, AP promoted bone formation and increased bone structural protein level, osteocalcin, in osteoblastic cells. Gene screening analysis showed the upregulation of genes related to Wnt/β-catenin, TGFβ/BMP, SMAD, and FGF signaling pathways.ConclusionWe demonstrated, for the first time, the potential role of AP in promoting proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and osteoblast bone formation of PL-hMSCs. This study suggests that AP may be an effective novel agent for the improvement of PL-hMSCs and stem cell-based therapy for bone regeneration.
Channel state information-based multi-dimensional parameter estimation for massive RF data in smart environments
Authors: Yang Xiaolong , She Yuan , Xie Liangbo , Li Zhaoyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSmart environment sensing and other applications play a more and more important role along with the rapid growth of device-free sensing-based services, and extracting parameters contained in channel state information (CSI) accurately is the basis of these applications. However, antenna arrays in wireless devices are all planar arrays whose antenna spacing does not meet the spatial sampling theorem while the existing parameter estimation methods are almost based on the array satisfying the spatial sampling theorem. In this paper, we propose a parameter estimation algorithm to estimate the signal parameters of angle of arrival (AoA), time of flight (ToF), and Doppler frequency shift (DFS) based on the service antenna array, which does not satisfy the spatial sampling theorem. Firstly, the service antenna array is mapped to a virtual linear array and the array manifold of the virtual linear array is calculated. Secondly, the virtual linear array is applied to estimate the multi-dimensional parameters of the signal. Finally, by calculating the geometric relationship between the service antenna and the virtual linear array, the parameters of the signal incident on the service antenna can be obtained. Therefore, the service antenna can not only use the communication channel for information communication, but also sense the surrounding environment and provide related remote sensing and other wireless sensing application services. Simulation results show that the proposed parameter estimation algorithm can accurately estimate the signal parameters when the array antenna spacing does not meet the spatial sampling theorem. Compared with TWPalo, the proposed algorithm can estimate AoA within 3∘, while the error of ToF and DFS parameter estimation is within 1 ns and 1 m/s.