bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemically mediated multi‐modal detection strategy‐driven sensor platform to detect and quantify pesticides
Authors: Dhamu Vikram Narayanan , Poudyal Durgasha C. , Telang Chaitra Milan , Paul Anirban , Muthukumar Sriram , Prasad Shalini 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith the emergence of modern agronomy practices and the use of multiple synthetic pesticide agents to keep control over crop and field throughput, there lies a broad requirement for smart, accessible technologies to track pesticide contaminants in food, water, and other environmental matrices. In this work, we report at a proof of feasibility level, a sensor system to perform pesticide detection in aqueous buffers for two pesticides at the opposite ends of polarity (Atrazine and Glyphosate) in a serially combinatorial manner. The sensor construct employs a universal FR‐4 substrate gold interdigitated electrodes with active sensing elements based on selective antibodies (proteins) and polymeric network structures – poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene). Further, to determine metrics of sensor deployment in real‐case scenarios: multi‐modal (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry) and multi‐approach strategies (affinity‐binding and receptor‐free) were used to obtain sensing measurements. Higher specificity repeatable outputs were obtained with the affinity‐based method while greater sensitivity by means of dynamic range (0.5 ng/ml–10 μg/ml for Glyphosate and 10 fg/ml–1 ng/ml for Atrazine) and limit of detection (0.5 ng/ml for Glyphosate and 1 fg/ml for Atrazine) was determined via receptor‐free direct approach for both pesticides. This serves as a first‐step study to perform potential combinatorial assessment and subsequently‐multiplexed analysis of pesticide antigens.
The mid‐point Green‐Gauss gradient method and its efficient implementation in a 3D unstructured finite volume solver
Authors: Athkuri Sai Saketha Chandra , Nived Mammavalappil Rajan , Eswaran Vinayak 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo achieve consistent second‐order spatial accuracy in cell‐centered finite volume methods using the divergence theorem, the gradient computation at the cell‐centers should at least be first‐order accurate, which is not assured by the Traditional Green‐Gauss (TGG) method on irregular meshes. The Circle Green‐Gauss (CGG) method, however, achieves this by constructing a new auxiliary volume (AV) around the cell of interest using a circle and then employs linear interpolation to obtain estimates of the solution at the face centers of this AV, which are then used to compute the cell‐center gradients. We propose a modified method, which we call the mid‐point Green‐Gauss method (mpGG), that alleviates the complexity in the implementation while maintaining the same accuracy as the CGG method. We offer detailed construction of the three‐dimensional AV for the most commonly used multi‐hydral elements in unstructured meshes, that is, hexahedral, pyramidal, prism, and tetrahedral cells, using an in‐house finite volume solver that reads and writes data based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) General Notation System (CGNS). Accuracy analysis of the proposed method is carried out in comparison with the TGG, CGG, and weighted least squares methods. The proposed method is further validated using the case of laminar flow over a sphere at a Reynolds number of 100. An inviscid vortex dissipation study is performed to compare the level of numerical dissipation produced by these methods. Further, we study the performance of these methods in a problem that involves turbulent shock‐wave boundary layer interaction.
Influence of liver stiffness heterogeneity on staging fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Kawamura Nobuyoshi , Imajo Kento , Kalutkiewicz Kyle J. , Nagai Koki , Iwaki Michihiro , Kobayashi Takashi , Nogami Asako , Honda Yasushi , Kessoku Takaomi , Ogawa Yuji , Higurashi Takuma , Hosono Kunihiro , Takahashi Hirokazu , Yoneda Masato , Saito Satoru , Aishima Shinichi , Toyoda Hidenori , Hayashi Hideki , Sumida Yoshio , Ehman Richard L. , Nakajima Atsushi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Despite that hepatic fibrosis often affects the liver globally, spatial distribution can be heterogeneous. This study aimed to investigate the effect of liver stiffness (LS) heterogeneity on concordance between MR elastography (MRE)‐based fibrosis staging and biopsy staging in patients with NAFLD.

Approach and Results
We retrospectively evaluated data from 155 NAFLD patients who underwent liver biopsy and 3 Tesla MRE and undertook a retrospective validation study of 169 NAFLD patients at three hepatology centers. Heterogeneity of stiffness was assessed by measuring the range between minimum and maximum MRE‐based LS measurement (LSM). Variability of LSM was defined as the stiffness range divided by the maximum stiffness value. The cohort was divided into two groups (homogenous or heterogeneous), according to whether variability was below or above the average for the training cohort. Based on histopathology and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, optimum LSM thresholds were determined for MRE‐based fibrosis staging of stage 4 (4.43, kPa; AUROC, 0.89) and stage ≥3 (3.93, kPa; AUROC, 0.89). In total, 53 had LSM above the threshold for stage 4. Within this group, 30 had a biopsy stage of <4. In 86.7% of these discordant cases, variability of LSM was classified as heterogeneous. In MRE‐based LSM stage ≥3, 88.9% of discordant cases were classified as heterogeneous. Results of the validation cohort were similar to those of the training cohort.

Conclusions
Discordance between biopsy‐ and MRE‐based fibrosis staging is associated with heterogeneity in LSM, as depicted with MRE.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme‐2 Therapy Improves Liver Fibrosis and Glycemic Control in Diabetic Mice With Fatty Liver
Authors: Rajapaksha Indu G. , Gunarathne Lakmie S. , Asadi Khashayar , Laybutt Ross , Andrikopoulous Sof , Alexander Ian E. , Watt Mathew J. , Angus Peter W. , Herath Chandana B. 
Published: December 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes. However, there is no specific medical therapy to treat this condition. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) of the protective renin angiotensin system generates the antifibrotic peptide angiotensin‐(1‐7) from profibrotic angiotensin II peptide. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of ACE2 in diabetic NAFLD mice fed a high‐fat (20%), high‐cholesterol (2%) diet for 40 weeks. Mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection of ACE2 using an adeno‐associated viral vector at 30 weeks of high‐fat, high‐cholesterol diet (15 weeks after induction of diabetes) and sacrificed 10 weeks later. ACE2 significantly reduced liver injury and fibrosis in diabetic NAFLD mice compared with the control vector injected mice. This was accompanied by reductions in proinflammatory cytokine expressions, hepatic stellate cell activation, and collagen 1 expression. Moreover, ACE2 therapy significantly increased islet numbers, leading to an increased insulin protein content in β‐cells and plasma insulin levels with subsequent reduction in plasma glucose levels compared with controls. Conclusion: We conclude that ACE2 gene therapy reduces liver fibrosis and hyperglycemia in diabetic NAFLD mice and has potential as a therapy for patients with NAFLD with diabetes.
Analytical and numerical solution of the longitudinal porous fin with multiple power‐law‐dependent thermal properties and magnetic effects
Authors: Roy Pranab Kanti , Mondal Hiranmoy , Raj Bipattaran 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe present study is concentrated on the application of electric and magnetic fields on the longitudinal porous fin with power‐law‐dependent heat transfer coefficient, surface emissivity, and heat generation. The porosity parameter controls the amount of empty spaces or voids in the porous fin and its practical value lies in the range . In industrial application, the heat transfer coefficient is governed by a power law and its specific value defines a certain heat transfer process. The heat generation and surface emissivity of the longitudinal porous fin are assumed to be varied according to the power law and the whole fin is under the influence of an external electric field. The resulting nonlinear equation is solved by the classical Adimian decomposition method (ADM) and the obtained solutions are verified further by the finite difference method (FDM). It has been found that both ADM and FDM are in good agreement for lower values of thermophysical parameters. The effects of power index of heat generation, surface emissivity, and heat transfer coefficient parameter on the temperature distribution, heat flux, and efficiency are analyzed at different values of the porosity parameter comprehensively.
Flow of mixed convection for radiative and magnetic hybrid nanofluid in a porous material with Joule heating
Authors: Abdelhafez Mostafa A. , Awad Amal A. , Nafe Mohamed A. , Eisa Dalia A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes the mixed convection flow and transport of heat in a hybrid nanofluid via an exponentially extending/contracting surface. Joule heating, magnetic field, permeability of a porous medium, thermal radiation, and slip condition are taken into consideration. Magnetite (Fe3O4) and copper (Cu) are used as a mixture of nanoparticles while ethylene glycol as a regular liquid. The paradigm is dissolved by utilizing the method of Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg with the shooting technique in MATLAB software. The effect of controlling parameters on the coefficient of drag force, heat transfer coefficient, and the distributions of temperature and velocity for physical parameters are discussed numerically, physically, and graphically. The outcomes ended up illustrating that the transport of heat is diminished by upsurging the Joule heating and magnetic field parameters for both contracting and extending states. For larger values of permeability parameter and parameter of mixed convection, the coefficient of local skin friction upsurges in extending situations.
The assessment of environmental sustainability: The role of research and development in ASEAN countries
Authors: Mehmood Usman , Askari Muhammad U. , Saleem Mubeen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Considering the set targets of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to increase research and development (R&D) expenditures, this study probes the long-term and causal association between renewable energy (RE), nonrenewable energy (NRE), economic growth (GDP), and ecological footprints (EFs) in the context of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Empirical evidence is based on the panel data throughout the period 1990–2016 for the selected six ASEAN economies. The Westerlund co-integration test confirms the long-run association between R&D, RE, NRE, GDP, and EF. The results of Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) confirm the presence of EKC and show that R&D expenditures lower EF significantly. A 1% increase in R&D and RE decreases EF by 0.01% and 0.27%, respectively. Moreover, a 1% increase in GDP and NRE increases EF by 5.52% and 0.17%, respectively. This means that investment in R&D will enhance air quality by lowering EF in estimated panel countries. Moreover, NRE consumption and GDP increase EF. The panel causality results confirm the bidirectional association between GDP, RE use, R&D expenditures, and EF. To achieve a desirable goal of a clean environment, R&D expenditures hold a strong position for ASEAN countries. This finding should encourage governments to involve public and private investments in R&D programs for energy efficiency. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1313–1320. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
Investment in research and development will enhance air quality by lowering ecological footprints in estimated panel countries. The panel causality results confirm bidirectional association between GDP, renewable energy use, R&D expenditures, and EF.
Dilemma after termination of pregnancy due to urogenital fetal anomalies: Discrepancy between prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis and autopsy
Authors: Ozdemir Ozge , Aksoy Figen , Sen Cihat 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the agreement and disagreement between prenatal ultrasound and fetal autopsy findings in pregnancy terminations due to urogenital anomalies.MethodsOf 453 pregnancy terminations performed due to fetal anomalies, 82 cases with urogenital anomalies on either prenatal ultrasound or fetal autopsy were included in this retrospective study. The discrepancy between prenatal ultrasound and fetal autopsy findings on urogenital anomaly findings was evaluated.ResultsComplete agreement between prenatal ultrasound and fetal autopsy findings was noted in 33 (40.2%) cases (particularly for megacystis, bilateral renal agenesis, and infantile polycystic kidney), whereas partial agreement (anal atresia and horseshoe kidney as additional minor findings) and altered diagnosis were noted in 12 (14.6%) and 8 (9.8%) cases, respectively. Disagreement was noted in 29 (35.4%) cases including anomaly only on autopsy in 20 (24.3%) cases (renal agenesis, horseshoe kidney and multicystic dysplastic kidney in particular) and anomaly only on ultrasound in 9 (10.9%) cases.ConclusionsAccordingly, our findings indicate fetal autopsy to be a method of vital importance in complementing prenatal diagnosis; it may add valuable information that may improve future pregnancy management and counseling of parents, and hence prenatal ultrasound and fetal autopsy should be regarded as complementary techniques.
Identification of seven‐gene marker to predict the survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma using integrated multi‐omics data analysis
Authors: Zhang Surong , Zeng Xueni , Lin Shaona , Liang Minchao , Huang Huaxing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanism of cancer occurrence and development could be understood with multi‐omics data analysis. Discovering genetic markers is highly necessary for predicting clinical outcome of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).MethodsClinical follow‐up information, copy number variation (CNV) data, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and RNA‐Seq were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). To obtain robust biomarkers, prognostic‐related genes, genes with SNP variation, and copy number differential genes in the training set were selected and further subjected to feature selection using random forests. Finally, a gene‐based prediction model for LUAD was validated in validation datasets.ResultsThe study filtered 2071 prognostic‐related genes and 230 genomic variants, 1878 copy deletions, and 438 significant mutations. 218 candidate genes were screened through integrating genomic variation genes and prognosis‐related genes. 7 characteristic genes (RHOV, CSMD3, FBN2, MAGEL2, SMIM4, BCKDHB, and GANC) were identified by random forest feature selection, and many genes were found to be tumor progression‐related. A 7‐gene signature constructed by Cox regression analysis was an independent prognostic factor for LUAD patients, and at the same time a risk factor in the test set, external validation set, and training set. Noticeably, the 5‐year AUC of survival in the validation set and training set was all ˃ 0.67. Similar results were obtained from multi‐omics validation datasets.ConclusionsThe study builds a novel 7‐gene signature as a prognostic marker for the survival prediction of patients with LUAD. The current findings provided a set of new prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Understanding attachment styles, adverse childhood events, alcohol use, and trauma in Black and Latino Men with criminal justice histories
Authors: Donadio Melissa , Valera Pamela , Sinangil Noah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBlack and Latino men experience high rates of trauma before and during incarceration and upon release to the community. This study examines the association between trauma, adverse childhood experiences, and alcohol use on the adult attachment styles in a sample of 248 Black and Latino men with incarceration experiences. Most of the respondents indicated that they were single and never married (61.3%), earned less than $10,000 annually (84.3%), and were in a state prison facility during their last incarceration (60.9%). Findings indicate that most of the men scored above average in attachment anxiety (M = 5.14,SD = 1.34) and attachment avoidant subscales (M = 5.35,SD = 1.08). Close to 23% self‐reported within the hazardous drinking range. In terms of trauma, the mean trauma score was 2.85 (SD = 2.97), suggesting that participants self‐reported experiencing minimal trauma. Overall, Black and Latino men who experience incarceration demonstrate high rates of insecure attachments which were predicted by traumatic childhood experiences. To best serve this population, mental health treatment during incarceration and the community should enhance attachment security.
The contributory role of vascular health in age‐related anabolic resistance
Authors: Banks Nile F. , Rogers Emily M. , Church David D. , Ferrando Arny A. , Jenkins Nathaniel D.M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSarcopenia, or the age‐related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is an increasingly prevalent condition that contributes to reduced quality of life, morbidity, and mortality in older adults. Older adults display blunted anabolic responses to otherwise anabolic stimuli—a phenomenon that has been termed anabolic resistance (AR)—which is likely a casual factor in sarcopenia development. AR is multifaceted, but historically much of the mechanistic focus has been on signalling impairments, and less focus has been placed on the role of the vasculature in postprandial protein kinetics. The vascular endothelium plays an indispensable role in regulating vascular tone and blood flow, and age‐related impairments in vascular health may impede nutrient‐stimulated vasodilation and subsequently the ability to deliver nutrients (e.g. amino acids) to skeletal muscle. Although the majority of data has been obtained studying younger adults, the relatively limited data on the effect of blood flow on protein kinetics in older adults suggest that vasodilatory function, especially of the microvasculature, strongly influences the muscle protein synthetic response to amino acid feedings. In this narrative review, we examine evidence of AR in older adults following amino acid and mixed meal consumption, examine the evidence linking vascular dysfunction and insulin resistance to age‐related AR, review the influence of nitric oxide and endothelin‐1 on age‐related vascular dysfunction as it relates to AR, briefly review the potential causal role of arterial stiffness in promoting skeletal muscle microvascular dysfunction and AR, and provide a brief overview and future considerations for research examining age‐related AR.
“It's just inappropriate”: Harassment of dental students by patients
Authors: Liaw Royston D.Y. , Ling Dobson C.T. , Vuli Lia J. , Loch Carolina , Adam Lee A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionHarassment is an issue that occurs in all workplaces and institutions. Due to increased exposure to patients, higher rates of harassment are experienced in health care systems. Health care workers need to form a professional relationship with patients to attend to their health care needs; however, harassment by patients can disrupt this relationship and have detrimental physical, mental, and emotional impacts on the health practitioner.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and impact of harassment by patients toward clinical students at a prominent Australasian dental school.MethodsA 14‐item survey was distributed to clinical students. The survey collected basic demographic information and contained Likert‐scale closed questions on harassment prevalence and experience and a free text question asking for details of a significant harassment experience. Descriptive statistics and analysis of free text data were performed.ResultsThe response rate was 67%. About 20% of respondents reported experiencing at least one incident of harassment. Verbal harassment was most commonly reported, followed by sexual and racial harassment. All incidences of sexual harassment were reported by female students, while racial harassment was most frequently reported by students of Asian ethnicity. Most students indicated they were unsure of how to respond to harassment by patients.ConclusionDental students were exposed to harassment by patients. Implications: Appropriate policies and education on responding to harassment, alongside support for the same, could help ensure the safety and wellbeing of students.
Conserved ecophysiology despite disparate microclimatic conditions in a gecko
Authors: Schwarz Rachel , Dror Liat , Stark Gavin , Gefen Eran , Kronfeld‐Schor Noga , Chapple David G. , Meiri Shai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicroscale differences in the habitats organisms occupy can influence selection regimes and promote intraspecific variation of traits. Temperature‐dependent traits can be locally adapted to climatic conditions or be highly conserved and insensitive to directional selection under all but the most extreme regimes, and thus be similar across populations. The opposing slopes of Nahal Oren canyon in the Carmel Mountains, Israel, are strikingly different: the south‐facing slope receives intensive solar radiation, is hot and supports mostly annual vegetation, whereas the north‐facing slope is ~10°C cooler, more humid, and supports Mediterranean woodland. We examined whether these differences manifest in the thermal physiology of a common gecko species Ptyodactylus guttatus in controlled laboratory conditions. We predicted that geckos from the hotter south‐facing slope would prefer higher temperatures, have faster gut passage times, lower metabolic and evaporative water loss rates, and start diel activity earlier compared with north‐facing slope conspecifics. Contrary to these predictions, there were no differences between any of the ecophysiological traits in geckos from the opposing slopes. Nevertheless, our data showed that individuals from the north‐facing slope were generally more active in earlier hours of the afternoon compared with south‐facing individuals. We suggest that P. guttatus individuals disperse between the slopes and either gene‐flow or behavioral plasticity deter local adaptation, resulting in similar physiological traits. Perhaps a stronger contrast in climatic conditions and a stronger barrier are needed to result in interpopulation divergence in temperature‐dependent traits.