bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of synchronized direct current shock in reverting long standing persistent atrial fibrillation in to sinus rhythm. What help to achieve high success rate?
Authors: AL-HAMDI AMAR Talib , Ali Azad J. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent cardiac arrhythmia encountered in general medicine and cardiology practice. Synchronized direct current shock is a known safe and effective procedure to revert long standing persistent atrial fibrillation into sinus rhythm.
Patients and Methods: Patients with long-standing atrial fibrillation who were seen at the author’s private clinic and Al-Hassani Heart Center in Sulaimanya from April 2018 to December 2020 were chosen for rhythm control subjected to synchronized direct current cardioversion under heavy sedation applying a modified anterolateral paddles position with 200J and 300J successively according to the reversion dose required.
Objectives: The Objective of current study was to assess the efficacy of synchronized direct current shock in reverting long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation into sinus rhythm and recognizing factors that help in achieving high success rate.
Results: In this case series study 61 patients were included thirty-one males 30 females The success rate was 89%. Even patients with atrial fibrillation duration more than 2 years showed a success rate of 84%. The recurrence rate of atrial fibrillation was 30% within a follow up period of one month to 2 years. The modified paddles position has helped in achieving high reversion rate where success increased from 62% to 85% and failure rate decreased from 38% to 15%. The shock dose needed for reversion ranged from 200J to 300 J. There was no correlation between the needed dose for reversion and body weight where patients with body weight of 71-80kg, more than 80% reverted with 200J. Pre shock antiarrhythmic drugs did not facilitate the conversion, the reversion rate in patients with or without antiarrhythmic drugs were 85% and 82% successively. No per procedure complications were seen.
Conclusion: Electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation with modified paddles position is a safe, effective and smooth procedure with significantly high success rate and very low incidence of complications even with very long-standing atrial fibrillation.
Contents Vol. 36 No.1 January-June 2021
Authors: Philip J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg  
Published: May 2021

EDITORIAL4
Death and Dying During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Tahan Na, HumimlayLapeña JFF

REVIEW ARTICLE6
Prevalence of Olfactory Dysfunction Among COVID-19 Patients with Self-Reported Smell Loss Versus Objective Olfactory Tests: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Regalado JAF, Tayam MMH, Santos RA, Gelera JE

ORIGINAL ARTICLES15
Self-Reported Assessment of Outcome-Based Education in Philippine Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Residency Training Programs by Consultants and ResidentsAlmazan MNA

24
Classification and Stages of Middle Ear Cholesteatoma at the Southern Philippines Medical Center Using the European Academy of Otology and Neurotology / Japan Otological Society (EAONO / JOS) System Toral DB, Laganao CRD

28
Predominant Endotype of Nasal Polyps in a Sample of Filipinos Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal PolyposisNable-Llanes KV, Roldan RA

33
Association of Anosmia and Positive SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) RT-PCR Test Results Among Patients in the Quezon City General Hospital Alega JJP, Cruz ETS

CASE REPORTS37
Smell Training in Prolonged COVID-19 Post-Infectious Olfactory Dysfunction: A Case ReportVillar PMAC, Chua RU, Robles RP

41
Self-Inflicted Craniofacial Impalement Injury with a Screwdriver During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case ReportGatela JLJG

45
To the Lip and Beyond: A Case Report of a Midline Tessier 30 CleftSuarez JDC, Perez GCC

SURGICAL INNOVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION 50
The Use of Commercially Available Non-Medical Grade USB Cameras for Physician Guided ENT Out-Patient Self-Examination During the COVID-19 PandemicCafino RY

PRACTICE PEARLS 57
Understanding the Use of Polycaprolactone in East Asian Structural Rhinoplasty: Questions and AnswersYap EC

FEATURED GRAND ROUNDS 62
Delayed Sudden Blindness From Unilateral Ophthalmic Artery Vasospasm Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery?Chua RJ, Regalado JAF, Gelera JE

FROM THE VIEWBOX 65
Fenestral Otosclerosis: A Subtle Lesion Easily MissedYang NW

UNDER THE MICROSCOPE67
Inverted Ductal Papilloma of the Salivary Gland Carnate JM

CAPTOONS69
Doknet’s WorldBillones WU

PASSAGES70
Elvira I. Colmenar, MDColmenar MTI

71
Ruben G. Henson, Jr., MD Henson RD

72
Marlon V. del Rosario, MD Calderon AF

73
Oliverio O. Segura, MD Segura PPR
THE EFFECT OF STUNTING ON COGNITIVE AND MOTOR DEVELOPMENT IN TODDLER CHILDREN : LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Supriatin Eva , Sudrajat Diwa Agus , Annisa R Firda , Lindayani Linlin 
Published: May 2021

Stunting is a condition in which toddlers have less length or height compared to age. Stunting can affect physical growth, motor development, and motor activity. Children who experience motor skills are caused by obstacles to the muscle maturity process so that muscle ability is reduced. Many studies say there is a link between cognitive and motor development. Objective: To study the effect of stunting against cognitive and motor development in children toddlers. This study is a systematic review of the literature. The inclusion criteria for search studies were quantitative research, free full text, Indonesian, or English. Selection of published articles with a range of 2015-2020 and free full text, after reading the title of the article and looking at the inclusion criteria, then it is re-selected by looking at the sample criteria based on age and development, and an assessment is carried out using the JBI format. There is a stunning effect on the cognitive and motor development of children ages toddler. The results of the study stated that children who were stunted had an 11.98 times greater chance of having motor development below average. As well as the mild stunting category with cognitive development suspect there is a delay in toddlers, namely not being able to mention the type of color, differentiating the size of the object, mentioning gender, pairing known images. While the moderate stunting category with cognitive development suspect or experiencing delays can result in reduced brain cells by 15-20 percent. Toddlers who experience the severe stunting category with cognitive development suspect there is a delay, marked by slow maturity of nerve cells, slow motor movements, lack of intelligence, and slow social response. Stunting affects cognitive and motor development in children toddlers. Some of the impacts that arise are memory decline, inaccuracy in storing objects, delays in verbal and non-verbal, and delays in thinking.
Penerapan Training Need Analysis dalam Penyusunan Kurikulum Pelatihan Kompetensi Nursing Informatics Kepala Ruangan
Authors: Suganda Tomy , Handiyani Hanny , Nurdiana Nurdiana 
Published: May 2021

Kombinasikan sistem informasi manajemen kesehatan dan teknologi dalam mendukung peningkatan kinerja pelayanan telah banyak berkembang, namun sistem informasi manajemen kesehatan dan teknologi tersebut tidak akan efektif tanpa adanya kompetensi Nursing Informatics yang dimiliki perawat itu sendiri. Kompetensi Nursing Informatic sangat penting bagi kepala ruangan, dan akan menjadi lebih penting lagi di masa depan sehingga perlu dipertimbangkan adanya perencanaan strategis tentang peningkatan kompetensi manajemen kepala ruangan khususnya dalam kompetensi Nursing Informatics. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menyusun kurikulum pelatihan kompetensi kepala ruangan melalui Training Needs Analysis (TNA). Studi dilakukan pada bulan September sampai November 2020. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi dan survei dengan perubahan berencana melalui metode pendekatan action research. Metode pendekatan action research terdiri dari lima tahapan yaitu identifikasi (diagnosis) masalah, analisis, umpan balik, tindakan dan evaluasi. Hasil: TNA survey menggambarkan 78% kemampuan computer literacy kepala ruangan kurang, 77% kemampuan informatics literacy kepala ruangan kurang, 72% kemampuan informatics management skilss kepala ruangan kurang. Berdasarkan TNA survey tersebut, didapatkan hasil interprestasi level nursing informatics competencies dengan 17 kepala ruangan memiliki skor NIC yang baik dan 58 kepala ruangan memiliki skor nursing informatics competencies yang kurang. Kurikulum pelatihan kompetensi kepala ruang adalah acuan dalam perencanaan pelaksanaan pendidikan berkelanjutan kepala ruangan. Pada masa ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi berubah setiap hari, penting bagi kepala ruangan untuk upgrade dan up-to-date dalam informasi, penyusunan kurikulum pelatihan kompetensi nursing informatics kepala ruang adalah salah satu upaya dalam mewujudkan hal tersebut. Training Need Analysis memberikan gambaran tentang tingkat kemampuan dalam kompetensi nursing informatics kepala ruangan sehingga kurikulum pelatihan kompetensi nursing informatics dapat disusun berdasarkan data dan tujuan atas keterbutuhan kompetensi yang perlu ditingkatkan.
Goldilocks in Cardiac Arrest: A Scoping Review of Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring in the Pre-Hospital Setting for Getting Adrenaline Dosing Just Right
Authors: Wijland Youri 
Published: May 2021

Introduction A one-size-fits-all approach to adrenaline dosing is likely to be sub-optimal for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest given the diverse nature of patient age, bodyweight, frailty and intra-arrest coronary perfusion pressure. An individualised adrenaline dosing approach to cardiac arrest using invasive blood pressure monitoring has been shown to increase rates of return of spontaneous circulation in the hospital setting, but evidence for this approach has not yet been reviewed in the pre-hospital setting. Methods A scoping review was undertaken using Science Direct, ProQuest, PubMed, CINAHL Complete and GALE Health and Wellness databases with the search terms ‘arterial line’, ‘pre-hospital’, ‘cardiac arrest’ and similar derivatives. Subject matter experts and authors of articles meeting inclusion criteria were also consulted to help identify further relevant studies. Articles were included if they pertained to the use of arterial lines in cardiac arrest in the pre-hospital field, and excluded if they related to traumatic cardiac arrest, in a language other than English, Dutch or French, or not retrievable as a full text. Results A total of 1408 articles were identified using the search method, of which three remained after de-duplication, use of inclusion and exclusion criteria, and full text appraisal. The current pre-hospital literature is lacking and avenues for further research to improve the evidence for hemodynamic guided resuscitation were identified. Conclusion Paramedic-initiated invasive arterial monitoring presents a new, but as yet unproven, intervention for improving cardiac arrest outcomes.
The Development of School Readiness of Kindergarten Students Through Storytelling
Authors: Mufrihah Arina , Nisa' Luthfatun 
Published: May 2021

Complete–playtime is an early concept of kindergarten idea. However, recently, children no longer obtain many opportunities to explore themselves through contextual learning activities such as playing drama or listening to tale. Children are focused on academic-centered activities, so they experience learning boredom at an early age. Moreover, students have not owned a school readiness when entering elementary school. This research helps kindergarten students have school readiness like academic skill, emotional-social skill, and morality through storytelling classically. This experimental study used True-Experimental Postest-Only Design. The two kindergartens were selected through cluster sampling from 100 target populations—the data was collected using the Bender Gestalt Test and observation. The series of storytelling activities as a treatment given towards students proved that the experimental group had school readiness earlier than the controlled group. The experimental group possessed more school readiness than the control group, with the difference was 37% age equivalent to eight years old and 29.6% equal to 7 years old. Other purposes accomplished were developing school readiness skills in vocabulary building, active question-answering, positive attitude towards peers, concern towards social environment, and literacy development.
A New Optical Fiber Probe-Based Quantum Dots Immunofluorescence Biosensors in the Detection of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Cui Jiewei , Zhou Minjuan , Li Ying , Liang Zhixin , Li Yanqin , Yu Ling , Liu Yang , Liang Yuan , Chen Liangan , Yang Changxi 
Published: May 2021

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most common clinical pathogenic bacteria with strong pathogenicity and usually leads to various suppurative infections with high fatality. Traditional bacterial culture for the detection of S. aureus is prone to diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment delays because of its long-time consumption and low sensitivity. In this study, we successfully developed a quantum dots immunofluorescence biosensor for S. aureus detection. The biosensor combined the advantages of biosensors with the high specificity of antigen-antibody immune interactions and the high sensitivity and stability of quantum dots fluorescence. The results demonstrated that the biosensor possessed high specificity and high sensitivity for S. aureus detection. The detection limit of S. aureus reached 1 × 104 CFU/ml or even 1 × 103 CFU/ml, and moreover, the fluorescence intensity had a significant positive linear correlation relationship with the logarithm of the S. aureus concentration in the range of 103–107 CFU/ml (correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9731, P = 0.011). A specificity experiment showed that this biosensor could effectively distinguish S. aureus (1 × 104 CFU/ml and above) from other common pathogenic (non-S. aureus) bacteria in nosocomial infections, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli. Additionally, the whole detection procedure spent only 2 h. In addition, the biosensor in this study may not be affected by the interference of the biofilm or other secretions since the clinical biological specimens are need to be fully liquefied to digest and dissolve viscous secretions such as biofilms before the detection procedure of the biosensor in this study. In conclusion, the biosensor could meet the need for rapid and accurate S. aureus detection for clinical application.
Different Effects of Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles and LPS-Induced Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Role of Curcumin and Its Derivatives
Authors: Xiang Debiao , Li Yamei , Cao Yuling , Huang Ying , Zhou Lili , Lin Xiulian , Qiao Yong , Li Xin , Liao Duanfang 
Published: May 2021

Background: During the progression of atherosclerosis (AS), the vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells are reciprocally regulated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs have different effects on pathological and physiological processes due to the different cargoes contained in EVs.Purpose: To study the effects of endothelial cells-derived EVs on normal and inflammatory conditions. To investigate the effects of curcumin and curcumin derivatives (Nicotinic-curcumin) on endothelial EVs.Methods: EVs were isolated from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by ultracentrifugation. To examined the effect of normal and LPS-induced endothelial cells-derived EVs on the proliferation of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), the CCK-8 assay was performed. Transwell and wound healing assays were conducted to assess cell migration. The effects of EVs on lipid accumulation following treatment with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) were evaluated with the oil red O staining assay and HPLC. The number of EVs was calculated using the nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and BCA. The expression levels of Rab27a and Rab27b that regulate the EVs secretion were measured by Western blotting assay. The differential expression of miRNAs in endothelial EVs and LPS-induced endothelial EVs was analyzed using miRNA-Sequencing (miRNA-Seq) and RT-PCR.Results: Treatment with endothelial EVs reduced the proliferation and migration of HASMCs as well as lipid accumulation in HASMCs. However, treatment with LPS-induced endothelial EVs did not inhibit the migration of HASMCs or lipid accumulation, instead it promoted the proliferation of HASMCs. Treatment with the two types of EVs induced differential expression of several miRNAs, including miR-92a-3p, miR-126-5p, miR-125a-3p, miR-143-3p, etc. Moreover, 1 μg/mL LPS induction greatly increased secretion of endothelial EVs. Treatment with curcumin and nicotinic-curcumin reduced endothelial EVs secretion, possibly by inhibiting inflammation.Conclusion: Endothelial EVs may confer beneficial effects on atherosclerosis by regulating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs), whereas pro-inflammatory factors may disrupt this effect.
Case Report: Pericardial Effusion Treated With Pericardiectomy Plus Right Atrial Mass Resection: A 2-Year Follow-Up of Cardiac Rosai-Dorfman Disease
Authors: Conte Edoardo , Brucato Antonio , Petrella Francesco , Passoni Emanuela , Lauri Gianfranco , Bigliardi Mauro , Elisa De Camilli , Ricciardi Gabriella , Selmi Carlo , Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Alamanni Francesco , Andreini Daniele 
Published: May 2021

Background: Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is rare a sinus histiocytosis typically causing lymphadenopathy. Heart involvement is anecdotal, and &lt;30 cases of cardiac RDD (cRDD) have been reported so far.Case Presentation: A 46-year old woman with positive clinical history for RDD was admitted to our cardiology department with transthoracic echocardiography diagnosis of severe pericardial effusion and right atrial masses. Pericardiocentesis with catheter insertion was performed 3 days after the admission due to clinical evidence of cardiac tamponade. After 10 weeks of maximal medical therapy for inflammatory pericarditis, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, steroids, and anakinra, at least 100 ml of pericardial citric liquid has been daily drained suggesting no clinical improvement. Pericardial liquid analysis demonstrated no malignant cells, but immunohistochemical analysis resulted positive for AE1–AE3, D2–40, S100, and CD68 consistent with an RDD diagnosis. Surgical management was judged clinically indicated, and 2 months after admission, the patient underwent pericardiectomy and debulking of atrial mass with freezing of remaining atrial neoformation. Regular clinical and echocardiography evaluation was performed without pericardial effusion recurrence after 2 years of follow-up.Conclusions: This is the first case ever reported of cRDD who survived after 2 years of follow-up. Pericardiectomy could be feasible and effective for recurrent pericardial effusion in cRDD. Close follow-up and a multidisciplinary environment is needed to take care of cRDD patients.
The Role of Lipid Profile as an Independent Predictor of Non-alcoholic Steatosis and Steatohepatitis in Morbidly Obese Patients
Authors: Ganjooei Narges Ashraf , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Nematy Mohsen , Jangjoo Ali , Goshayeshi Ladan , Khadem-Rezaiyan Majid , Reiner Željko , Alidadi Mona , Markin Alexander M. , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims: Obesity is one of the major health problems worldwide. Morbid obesity (body mass index &gt;40 kg/m2 or over 35 with a comorbidity) is associated, apart from other diseases, with an increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Moreover, dyslipidemia is an important comorbidity that is frequently found in NAFLD patients. The aim of this study was to analyze whether serum lipids in morbidly obese patients are associated with the spectrum of NAFLD.Methods: Total serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, VLDL, and triglycerides were analyzed in 90 morbidly obese patients. The association of lipid profile parameters with histopathological, elastographic, and sonographic indices of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and liver fibrosis were explored.Results: The mean levels of serum total cholesterol, LDL-C, and non-HDL cholesterol in patients with positive histology for liver steatosis and NASH were significantly higher than those in patients with negative histology. None of the indices showed a strong association with NAFLD, NASH, or liver fibrosis after adjustment for potential confounders.Conclusion: A slight predictive value of lipid profile is not sufficiently enough to use solely as a non-invasive test in predicting NASH or liver fibrosis.
Clinical, Biological, Radiological Pathological and Immediate Post-Operative Remission of Sparsely and Densely Granulated Corticotroph Pituitary Tumors: A Retrospective Study of a Cohort of 277 Patients With Cushing’s Disease
Authors: Rak Beata , Maksymowicz Maria , Pękul Monika , Zieliński Grzegorz 
Published: May 2021

PurposeCushing’s disease is the most common cause of endogenous hypercortisolemia due to a corticotroph pituitary tumor. Up-to-date there is no reliable biomarker of invasiveness among corticotroph tumors, while it is well established in the literature that sparsely granulated somatotroph tumors are characterized by poorer prognosis. The aim of the study was to correlate multiple data including clinical, biochemical, radiological, and pathological findings (including granulation pattern) as well as immediate post-operative remission status among patients operated on due to corticotroph tumors.MethodsWe enrolled all patients consecutively operated on for planned transsphenoidal neurosurgery due to corticotroph PitNETs in years 2010–2018. We excluded from analysis silent corticotroph tumors, plurihormonal PitNETs, and the Crooke’s cell adenomas.ResultsWe recorded 348 hormonally active corticotroph PitNETs. The results of the analysis showed the female predominance 79.88% (n = 278), with the mean age of Cushing’s disease occurrence 43.27 years of age. The mean time from the first signs and symptoms to the operation was 2 years. The women were diagnosed earlier (20–40 years of agevs.50–60 years of age among men). We performed a detailed analysis of 277 cases classified by granularity pattern as DG or SG corticotroph PitNETs. Densely granulated tumors (DG) occurred four times more frequently than sparsely granulated (SG) (n = 225vs. n = 52), at similar age (mean 42.94; median 40vs.mean 45.46; median 45.5; p = 0.3896), but were characterized by lower Knosp’s scale grades (p = 0.0147*), smaller preoperative tumors’ volumes measured at MRI, and more commonly exhibited lower Ki-67 labeling index (&lt;3%) (p = 0.0168*). What is more, DG adenomas more frequently achieved an immediate remission status (measured as postoperative cortisol concentration &lt;2 µg/dl; p = 0.0180*), and the mean postoperative cortisol concentration in DG group was lower than in SG group (mean 5.375 µg/dlvs. 10.47 µg/dl; median 2.49 µg/dlvs. 6.52 µg/dl; p = 0.0028**).ConclusionsOur study indicates that DG corticotroph adenomas occurred at younger age, more commonly were microadenomas as compared to SG tumors, less frequently had invasive features in comparison to SG corticotroph adenomas (p = 0.0019**), and more commonly achieved an immediate postsurgical hormonal remission (p = 0.0180*). We highlight the need for an accurate differentiation of DG and SG subtypes in the pathomorphological diagnosis of corticotropic tumors, especially in invasive PitNETs.