bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs of Adults and Elderly Outpatients Regarding Pneumococcal Vaccination at Taif Hospital Cluster
Authors: Alrahbeni Tahani , Alamri Mohamed Salman 
Published: July 2021

The whole world is invaded by many micro organisms which are not only killing people but also ruining the quality of life of the people worldwide. Vaccination against major micro-organism is the only way out to protect the people. Pneumonia and influenza are two leading causes of death especially the elderly within the globe.
Objective of the Study: It was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of adults and elderly outpatients regarding pneumococcal vaccination at the Taif hospital cluster and to understand the factors that may influence pneumococcal vaccination among the elderly and younger adults.
Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional questionnaire study where Self-administered Monkey surveys was administered to a cohort of elderly and younger adult participants. The study was conducted for 4 months. Age group of the participants were within 20 - >80 years and included both Saudi and Non Saudi individual. The collected data were subjected to descriptive analysis to obtain the frequencies of the different variables and the correlation between them using cross tabs, paired-sample T-test, and Pearson’s Chi-square. p-value < 0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: Overall 301 people participated in the study (response rate 91%). A total of 32.56% responded that they had received the pneumococcal vaccine. From the respondents above 12.45% were between 20-40 years old, 10.72% between 41-60 years old, and 8.65% between 61-70 years and 2.07% between 71 to > 80 years of age, indicating lower rates of vaccination among the elderly. Vaccination depends on the patient's health conditions. Despite the positive knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of the participants about the importance of the vaccine, yet they did not respond well to take the vaccine as recommended by the international health authorities.
Conclusion: From the present study it can be concluded that gender has no statistically significant association with vaccination. More is the education more is the adherence to vaccination. Saudi nationals adhered more to vaccination as compared to non Saudi. The results from our study showed that healthcare guidance and recommendation significantly influenced vaccine uptake in both the elderly and younger adults.
Root Cause Analysis of Medication Administration Error by Nursing Staff at a Number of Medical Institutes in Riyadh
Authors: Alrahbeni Tahani , Alenezi Muteeb Eid 
Published: July 2021

Background: Medication errors genuinely influence patient safety, staying cost in hospital and integrity of nursing job, because the nurses play a specific part in managing the medication for the patients. The present study was done with the aim to investigate factors associated with nurses’ medication errors in a number of medical institutes (Ministry of Health) and the role of clinical pharmacist in these errors.
Methodology: The present study was a cross-sectional study based on standardized questionnaire which was designed and distributed to the target nurses in a number of medical institutes (Ministry of Health). The target number was (171) which was achieved depending on the calculation of sample size after the questionnaires was gathered; data was subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The highest mean score of error was obtained in the factor related to medication packaging reason, which includes that different medications look alike, and the names of at least 60 medications were similar by 82.7%. The second group of reasons was system associated, which included: abbreviations were used instead of writing the orders out completely, overall 60.5% of the times nurses were pulled between teams. Third reason, overall 45.3% of the times the errors were associated with pharmacy when they did not prepare\label the medication correctly, and clinical pharmacist did not give education workshops to the nurses. Documentation issues were the fourth reason, 39.5% of the times nurses were interrupted while administering medication to perform other duties and nurses on the same unit did not adhere to the approved medication administration procedure.
Conclusion: The data of the current study suggested the ranking of five reasons or root causes of why medication errors happened. These are medication package, system related, pharmacy related, documentation-transcription reason and physician-nurse related respectively. Furthermore, clinical pharmacists must thrive to improve the nurses' knowledge of how these factors will lead to critical errors and help them discover strategies to prevent these errors from happening.
Contos de fada e pós-modernidade: Reflexões sobre o oximoro do reencantamento desencantado // Fairy tales and postmodernity: Reflections about the disenchanted reenchantment oxymoron
Authors: Tonin Juliana , Azubel Larissa 
Published: July 2021

RESUMO
O presente artigo busca compreender as versões cinematográficas infantis de contos de fada, lançadas no Brasil entre 2000 e 2012, como sintomas de uma época marcada, principalmente, pelas noções do encantamento e do desencantamento. A estética do realismo adentra os contos e promove metamorfoses, demonstrando uma migração das histórias do contexto moderno para o pós-moderno: as expectativas se apagam e os desejos se voltam às esferas do possível, do tangível e do concreto, daquilo que os seres ordinários também podem almejar. Procura-se, portanto, analisar o oximoro desencantamento/reencantamento. Para tanto, selecionou-se cinco filmes: Deu a Louca na Chapeuzinho, Deu a Louca na Cinderela, A Verdadeira História do Gato de Botas, Deu a Louca na Branca de Neve e Deu a Louca na Chapeuzinho 2. Sua escolha justifica-se por enunciarem as mudanças nos títulos e em função dos personagens clássicos.

ABSTRACT
This paper intends to understand the children's film versions of fairy tales, launched in Brazil, between 2000 and 2012, as symptoms of an age marked mainly by the notions of enchantment and disenchantment. The aesthetics of realism enters into the tales and promotes metamorphosis, demonstrating a migration of the stories of the modern context to the postmodern: the expectations are erased and the desires migrate to the spheres of possible, tangible and concrete, to what ordinary beings can aspire too. This study aims, therefore, analyze the oxymoron disenchantment/reenchantment. For that, we selected five films: Hoodwinked; Happily N’Ever After; The True Story of Puss in Boots, Happily N’Ever After 2 (Snow White – Another Bite at the Apple) and Hoodwinked Too. This choice is justified by showing changes in the titles and because of the classic characters.
Sertaconazole: pharmacology of a gynecological antifungal agent
Authors: Palacı́n C , Tarragó C , Ortiz J.A 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSertaconazole is a broad spectrum antifungal agent with excellent activity against yeasts, dermatophytes and opportunistic fungi. In addition to this antifungal efficacy, it has a good safety profile, sustained cutaneous retention, and low systemic absorption, all of which make it ideal for topical applications. In this study, the pharmacological properties of sertaconazole related to the treatment of vaginal fungi, in particular vulvovaginal candidiasis, are reviewed. As with all other infectious processes, the interacting components are infectious microorganism, host and drug. The following properties of sertaconazole have been investigated in pre‐clinical studies: its in vitro spectrum of activity and potency against causative agents and accompanying factors in vaginal infection; its mechanism of action, whether it acts on the pathogenic properties of the microorganism; if it affects host defense mechanisms and how its antifungal activity is manifested in vivo in experimental candidiasis in the mouse.
Minimizers of the Lawrence–Doniach energy in the small-coupling limit: finite width samples in a parallel field
Authors: Alama S. , Berlinsky A.J. , Bronsard L. 
Published: July 2002

In this paper we study the Lawrence–Doniach model for layered superconductors, for a sample with finite width subjected to a magnetic field parallel to the superconducting layers. We provide a rigorous analysis of the energy minimizers in the limit as the coupling between adjacent superconducting layers tends to zero. We identify a unique global minimizer of the Gibbs free energy in this regime (“vortex planes”), and reveal a sequence of first-order phase transitions by which Josephson vortices are nucleated via the boundary. The small coupling limit is studied via degenerate perturbation theory based on a Lyapunov–Schmidt decomposition which reduces the Lawrence–Doniach system to a finite-dimensional variational problem. Finally, a lower bound on the radius of validity of the perturbation expansion (in terms of various parameters appearing in the model) is obtained.

Résumé
Nous analysons rigoureusement les minimiseurs du modèle de Lawrence–Doniach pour les supraconducteurs en couche quand le paramètre de couplage de Josephson tend vers zero. Le champs magnétique imposé est parallèle aux plans supraconductifs et l'échantillon est de largeur fini. A l'aide d'une méthode de perturbation dégénérée basée sur une décomposition de Lyapunov–Schmidt, nous réduisons le système de Lawrence–Doniach à un problème variationel de dimension fini. Nous obtenons un minimiseur global unique (“les plans de vortex”) et montrons qu'il y a nucléations des vortex de Josephson à la frontière via une suite de transitions de premier ordre. Finalement, à l'aide d'estimations a-priori nous obtenons aussi une borne inférieure sur le rayon de convergence du développement de Taylor en termes de paramètres présents dans le modèle.
Early locus coeruleus lesions increase the density of β‐adrenergic receptors in the main olfactory bulb of rats
Authors: Woo Cynthia C. , Wilson Donald A. , Sullivan Regina M. , Leon Michael 
Published: July 2002

AbstractNorepinephrine is supplied to both deep and superficial layers of the olfactory bulb through dense projections from the locus coeruleus.16 Beta‐adrenergic receptors are located in nearly all bulb laminae, with high‐density foci of β‐1 and β‐2‐adrenoceptors present in the glomerular layer.29 Early olfactory experiences that increase norepinephrine levels in the bulb also decrease the density of β‐1‐ and β‐2‐adrenoceptors, as well as the number of high‐density glomerular foci of β‐2‐receptors.30 Changes in bulb norepinephrine levels, therefore, may affect the density of β‐adrenoceptors in the bulb. In the current study, we test this hypothesis by performing unilateral lesions of the locus coeruleus with 6‐hydroxydopamine on postnatal day 4, and examining the density of β‐1‐ and β‐2‐adrenergic receptors in the main olfactory bulb of the rat using125I‐labeled iodopindolol receptor autoradiography on postnatal day 19. Locus coeruleus destruction resulted in a statistically significant increase in the density of adrenergic receptors in the ipsilateral bulb compared to the contralateral bulb. Both β‐1‐ and β‐2‐adrenoceptor subtypes increased in density with this manipulation, although the number of glomerular layer high‐density β‐2 foci was not significantly different between the two bulbs. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that changes in olfactory bulb norepinephrine can regulate the density of β‐adrenergic receptors in the bulb.
Differences in myelination between spinal cord and corticular tissue transplanted intraocularly in rats
Authors: Kálman Mihály , Tuba Andrea 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper compares the myelination in rat cortex and spinal cord transplanted on the embryonic day (E) 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and right after birth (P0) into the anterior eye chamber of adult rats. Myelinated fibers were not observed in either cortical or spinal cord transplants of E12. When transplanted on E14, abundant myelinated fibers developed in the spinal cord and gathered at the periphery of the transplants as a “white matter”. In the grafted cortex myelinated fibers were found when transplantation occurred on E16 or later. The myelinated fibers, however, remained scarce or formed only narrow bundles. The number and distribution of myelinated fibers did not depend on the donor's age between E16 and P0 : even in the latter case transplanted cortex were found without myelination. The differences could be attributed to the different development of the cortical and spinal cord oligodendrocytes and to the different intrinsic organization of the grafted samples.
Postnatal maternal separation during the stress hyporesponsive period enhances the adrenocortical response to novelty in adult rats by affecting feedback regulation in the CA1 hippocampal field
Authors: Biagini Giuseppe , Pich Emilio Merlo , Carani Cesare , Marrama Paolo , Agnati Luigi F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe aim of the present experiment was to study the effects of early postnatal maternal separation on behavioural and adrenocortical responses to novelty in rats tested as adults. Sprague–Dawley rat pups were exposed to daily maternal separation (5 h/day) from postnatal day 2 to 6, during the stress hyporesponsive period. Since this procedure requires physical contact with the animals, a first control group of daily handled pups was introduced. A second control group, consisting of pups never handled or separated from the mother, was also considered. At postnatal day 45, the rats were tested in a two‐compartment exploratory apparatus : the maternally separated and the non‐handled rats, whose behavioural performance did not differ, showed higher emotional behaviour when compared with the handled rats (P < 0.05), suggesting that the handling procedure but not maternal separation improved the capacity to cope with novelty. Corticosterone plasma levels were found to be higher in the maternally separated rats than in the other two groups (P < 0.05), either at resting conditions or at 30 min after novelty exposure (P < 0.05). Levels of nuclear glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactivity in the CA1 hippocampal field were shown to be regulated by novelty exposure, as expected, in both the handled and the non‐handled rats but not in the maternally separated rats. In conclusion, repeated maternal separation periods of 5 h/day during the first week of life produced long‐lasting effects on the hippocampal regulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical axis, which appear to be associated with increased responsiveness to stress stimuli in adulthood.
The ontogenic appearance of tyrosine hydroxylase‐, serotonin‐, gamma‐aminobutyric acid‐, calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐, substance P‐, and synaptophysin‐immunoreactivity in rat pituitary gland
Authors: Szabat E. , Vanhatalo S. , Soinila S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe initial appearance of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐, serotonin (5‐HT)‐, gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐, calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐ (CGRP), substance P‐, and synaptophysin‐immunoreactivity in the rat pituitary gland, and in the related brain regions was investigated. Several groups of TH‐immunoreactive neurons were first detected in the brain stem on day E17, and in the hypothalamus on day E18, followed by TH‐immunoreactivity in the median eminence and infundibulum on E19–E20. TH‐positive fibers appeared in the posterior lobe on day E20 and in the intermediate lobe on day P0. 5‐HT‐immunoreactivity was first detected on day E17 in neurons and nerve fibers in the brain stem and in the median eminence, respectively. On day E18, a few 5‐HT‐immunoreactive fibers were detected in the posterior lobe of the pituitary, although they were consistently seen in the infundibulum from day E19. In newborn rats, some 5‐HT‐immunoreactive fibers, but no neurons, were seen in the hypothalamus. GABA immunoreactivity appeared on day E17 in several nerve fibers of the infundibulum and the posterior lobe. Some neurons in the cortex and ventral hypothalamus transiently expressed GABA immunoreactivity on day E17. In newborn rats, a plexus of GABA‐immunoreactive fibers was detected for the first time in the intermediate lobe. No CGRP‐immunoreactive fibers could be detected in the prenatal pituitary. On day P10, CGRP‐immunoreactive fibers were first observed in the anterior lobe. Later their number considerably increased, while only sporadic fibers could be found in the intermediate or posterior lobes. No substance P‐immunoreactivity could be detected in any of the lobes in the embryonic or developing postnatal rat pituitary, instead the adult anterior lobe occasionally showed some substance P‐immunoreactive fibers. Synaptophysin‐immunoreactivity was first detected in the posterior lobe on day E20, followed shortly by its expression in the intermediate lobe in newborn rats. The time course of GABA and 5‐HT expression revealed in the present study suggests that these transmitters, which are initially expressed in the developing pituitary clearly before synaptic maturation, may act as trophic molecules during the prenatal period.
A comparison of ICD-8 and ICD-10 diagnoses of affective disorder - a case register study from Denmark
Authors: Kessing LV 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe introduction of ICD-10 has changed the diagnostic borders of affective disorders in clinical psychiatry. The current study presents the diagnostic concordance between ICD-8 diagnoses given in 1993 and ICD-10 diagnoses given in 1994 to the same patients admitted in both years, according to the Danish register of psychiatric admissions. In total, 1,487 patients received an ICD-8 diagnosis of manicdepressive psychoses in 1993 and were re-admitted in 1994. The majority of patients (84.0%) with a manic-depressive diagnosis according to ICD-8 received a diagnosis of affective disorder according to ICD-10. Patients with a diagnosis of affective disorder according to ICD-10 had previously been diagnosed as manic-depressive (69.6%), psychogenic psychoses (8.7%). personality disorders (5.5%) or neurosis (3.2%) according to ICD-8. The ICD-10 concept of affective disorder thus appeared broader and more comprehensive compared with ICD-8.
CYP3A activity in European American and Japanese men using midazolam as an in vivo probe
Authors: Tateishi Tomonori , Watanabe Minoru , Nakura Hironori , Asoh Masako , Shirai Hiroaki , Mizorogi Yoshihiro , Kobayashi Shinichi , Thummel Kenneth E. , Wilkinson Grant R. 
Published: July 2002

ObjectiveTo investigate putative differences in CYP3A activity between European American and Japanese subjects using midazolam as an in vivo probe.MethodsMidazolam was administered orally (2 mg) to 22 young healthy Japanese men and, on a separate occasion, to 19 of these by the intravenous route (1 mg). The disposition of the drug and its 1′‐hydroxy metabolite were determined and compared with data collected in a similar fashion in 20 young healthy European American men.ResultsPlasma concentrations of midazolam, especially those attained soon after drug administration, were higher after intravenous injection in Japanese subjects than those in European American men. This observation was associated with smaller initial (2.5‐fold) and steady‐state (1.8‐fold) volumes of distribution for the drug; normalization for body weight only modestly reduced these differences. The systemic clearance value of midazolam was 25% lower (P < .03) in Japanese subjects, but this difference was not apparent after accounting for the smaller body weights of that group. No statistical differences were noted in the elimination half‐life (t½) of midazolam between European American and Japanese subjects. Much greater interindividual variability was observed after oral administration compared with intravenous administration, but significant differences were not found between the 2 groups with respect to the maximum midazolam plasma level or its oral clearance. Absolute oral bioavailability and its associated gastrointestinal and hepatic extraction ratios also showed no statistically significant interracial differences.ConclusionsOn average, hepatic CYP3A, as measured by the metabolism of midazolam, is lower in young healthy Japanese men compared with similar European Americans. However, there is considerable interindividual variability, and body size appears to be an important determinant. After oral administration, even greater variability in the plasma level‐time profile of midazolam is present, and no statistically significant or clinically important interracial/ethnic difference is present. Possibly because of smaller body mass and differences in body composition, midazolam has a smaller distribution volume(s) in Japanese men than in European American men that might be an important factor when drugs are administered intravenously.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2001) 69, 333–339; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2001.115447
It's all in the details: An investigation of the subcomponents of narrative coherence in relation to mental health
Authors: Vanaken Lauranne , Vanderveren Elien , Waters Theodore E. A. , Bijttebier Patricia , Fivush Robyn , Hermans Dirk 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe coherence of autobiographical narratives is suggested to be reflective of individuals' mental health. However, inconsistencies in results are regularly observed. Therefore, in this study, the Narrative Coherence Coding Scheme (NaCCS) by Reese et al. (Journal of Cognition and Development, 12, 424–462) was deconstructed and every dimension of coherence was recoded into singular constituting subcomponents. Our new fine‐grained scoring scheme allowed us to investigate which particular subcomponents of coherence may be important in the relation to mental health. Data showed that both structural as well as thematic elements of coherence, with in particular the number of emotional elaborations, were important in the association with mental health. Therefore, we recommend for future research to use this specific coding scheme, including most notably the number of emotional elaborations, in order to obtain the most accurate prediction of mental health, to test the replicability of these preliminary findings and to guide targets for narrative‐based interventions.