bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of the Lack of Annual Fasting Blood Sugar Screening in US Adults
Authors: Visaria Aayush , Raju Priyanka , James Joel , Khangura Karen K , Islam Sumaiya , Amanullah Amir , Polamarasetti Pooja 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Many individuals remain undiagnosed. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of the lack of annual fasting blood sugar (FBS) testing in a representative cohort of U.S. adults.
Methods: A total of 257,652 adults ≥18 years from the 2011–2018 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) were included. Participants were considered to have had FBS testing if they reported a fasting test for diabetes or high blood sugar in the past 12 months. Predictors of screening utilization were selected using the Anderson Model for Healthcare Utilization, including predisposing (age, sex, race/ethnicity), enabling (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, insurance status, education, citizenship status, region of residence), need (BMI group, comorbidities, cardiovascular disease [CVD]), and healthcare-related factors (doctor visits, satisfactory care, affordability, delayed care). We used diabetes status-stratified multivariable logistic regression with a stepwise selection method to determine the most significant predictors. All analyses accounted for the survey design and weights to obtain nationally representative estimates.
Results: Among the 257,652 participants, 115,630 (48%) were male, 27,096 (9.4%) had diabetes, and 141,247 (56%) did not have a FBS test in the past 12 months. Among those with diabetes, 4,529 (16%) did not have a FBS test. Positive predictors of a lack of FBS testing included younger age, male sex, non-Hispanic Black race, ever smoker (≥100 cigarettes), native born, lack of insurance coverage, lack of adequate physical activity, northeast region (relative to west region), no known chronic diseases, and dissatisfactory care. The top 5 most significant predictors of a lack of FBS test in those without diabetes were, in order, 1) no visits to the doctor in the past 12 months (aOR [95% CI]; 5.64 [5.34, 5.96]), 2) insurance status (no coverage vs. coverage; 1.62 [1.54, 1.69]), 3) age group (Ref: ≥65y; 18-35y: 2.45 [2.34, 2.56]; 35-50y: 1.46 [1.40, 1.52]; 50-65y: 1.04 [1.01, 1.08]), 4) BMI group (Ref: Low/Normal; Overweight: 0.79 [0.77, 0.82]; Obese: 0.62 [0.60, 0.64]), and 5) race/ethnicity (Ref: Non-Hispanic White; Non-Hispanic Black: 1.03 [0.98, 1.07], Asian Indian: 0.65 [0.58, 0.74]; Other Asian: 0.91 [0.83, 1.00]; Hispanic/Multiracial: 0.91 [0.86, 0.96]). The top predictors for those with diabetes were similar, although there were significantly greater odds of a lack of FBS testing in Non-Hispanic Blacks vs. Whites (1.24 [1.14, 1.35]).
Conclusion: More than half of the participants reported a lack of FBS testing in the past year; among those with diabetes, nearly 1 in 6 reported not having an annual FBS test. This reaffirms the need for long-term patient-physician relationships and aggressive follow-up in younger, male, uninsured, and/or lean individuals with or without diabetes.
The Cardiovascular Events in Metabolic Surgery Compared to the New Classes of Glucose-Lowering Agents in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review With Narrative Synthesis
Authors: Shamsi Najla Mahmood , Patel Vinod 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Globally, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has an immense healthcare burden and associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to macrovascular and microvascular complications. Cardiovascular disease including coronary artery disease and stroke are far more common in T2DM patients. Thus, any intervention that reduces the cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes will have positive impact on the patients and the society. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular events after metabolic surgery in comparison with the new classes of glucose lowering agents in patients with T2DM. This review included 11 randomised controlled trials that used GLP-1 RA or SGLT-2 I in comparison to usual standard of care. Seven metabolic surgery studies were included, of which two were randomised controlled trials and the other five were observational studies. These were the most relevant studies to the research question. The results suggest that cardiovascular events are lower in metabolic surgery studies when compared to medication trials. It also suggests that glycated haemoglobin reduction is more in the metabolic surgery group compared to the medication group, although it was not proved to be significant difference between the groups after adjusting the duration. The remission of diabetes was very high in the metabolic surgery group while none of medication trials accomplished diabetes recovery. Additionally, weight loss in metabolic surgery group was significantly higher than medication group after adjusting the duration. However, both medication and surgery groups had adverse events. In conclusion, the review suggests that younger adult obese patients with cardiovascular diseases should undergo metabolic surgery. Whereas, older patients with established cardiovascular disease should be advised to take one of the medications that has been proved to reduce cardiovascular events. Future studies that compare metabolic surgery and the new classes of the glucose lowering agents is recommended to confirm the findings in this review.
Exposure to the Endocrine Disruptor, Propylparaben, During Pregnancy and Lactation, Alters Typical Parity-Induced Reorganization of the Mouse Mammary Gland
Authors: Mogus Joshua Philip 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The mammary gland is a hormone sensitive organ that is susceptible to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during several vulnerable periods, including pregnancy and lactation. Mammary gland reorganization during pregnancy and lactation is hormone driven and provides long-term protection against breast cancer risk. It is unknown if EDC exposures during these sensitive windows can alter mammary reorganization to either enhance or offset parity-induced protection against breast cancer. Here, we examined effects of propylparaben (PP), a common preservative used in personal care products and foods with estrogen receptor (ER) agonist properties, on the parous mouse mammary gland. Pregnant BALB/c mice were treated with 0, 20, 100, or 10,000 µg/kg/day PP throughout pregnancy and lactation. These doses were selected for their relevance to human exposures. We also included an unexposed nulliparous female group to evaluate the typical changes associated with parity. Five weeks post-involution (and five weeks after the last PP exposure), mammary glands were collected and assessed for changes in histomorphology, hormone receptor expression, immune cell number, and gene expression. We found that PP reduced many of the typical morphological effects of parity on the mammary gland, resulting in intermediate phenotypes for ductal density and total epithelial structures. Notably, we found increased proliferation in PP-treated mammary glands, despite decreased ductal epithelial volume relative to parous controls. Mammary glands from PP-treated females also had alterations in the expression of ERα-mediated genes, including PgR (the gene that encodes progesterone receptor) and Igf1, with expression levels that were intermediate to both nulliparous and parous control mice. Finally, PP reduced the effect of parity on several immune cell types in the mammary gland including B cells, T-cells, and M2 macrophages. These results suggest that PP, at levels relevant to human exposure, can disrupt the normal response to parity in the mouse mammary gland, including persistent alterations to mammary gland structures. Future studies should address whether PP exposures disturb the protective effects of pregnancy on mammary cancer risk.
The Effects of Intraoperative Caffeine on Postoperative Opioid Consumption and Related Outcomes After Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vlisides Phillip E. , Li Duan , McKinney Amy , Brooks Joseph , Leis Aleda M. , Mentz Graciela , Tsodikov Alexander , Zierau Mackenzie , Ragheb Jacqueline , Clauw Daniel J. , Avidan Michael S. , Vanini Giancarlo , Mashour George A. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:
Surgical patients are vulnerable to opioid dependency and related risks. Clinical-translational data suggest that caffeine may enhance postoperative analgesia. This trial tested the hypothesis that intraoperative caffeine would reduce postoperative opioid consumption. The secondary objective was to assess whether caffeine improves neuropsychological recovery postoperatively.

METHODS:
This was a single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Participants, clinicians, research teams, and data analysts were all blinded to the intervention. Adult (≥18 years old) surgical patients (n = 65) presenting for laparoscopic colorectal and gastrointestinal surgery were randomized to an intravenous caffeine citrate infusion (200 mg) or dextrose 5% in water (40 mL) during surgical closure. The primary outcome was cumulative opioid consumption through postoperative day 3. Secondary outcomes included subjective pain reporting, observer-reported pain, delirium, Trail Making Test performance, depression and anxiety screens, and affect scores. Adverse events were reported, and hemodynamic profiles were also compared between the groups.

RESULTS:
Sixty patients were included in the final analysis, with 30 randomized to each group. The median (interquartile range) cumulative opioid consumption (oral morphine equivalents, milligrams) was 77 mg (33–182 mg) for caffeine and 51 mg (15–117 mg) for placebo (estimated difference, 55 mg; 95% confidence interval [CI], −9 to 118; P = .092). After post hoc adjustment for baseline imbalances, caffeine was associated with increased opioid consumption (87 mg; 95% CI, 26–148; P = .005). There were otherwise no differences in prespecified pain or neuropsychological outcomes between the groups. No major adverse events were reported in relation to caffeine, and no major hemodynamic perturbations were observed with caffeine administration.

CONCLUSIONS:
Caffeine appears unlikely to reduce early postoperative opioid consumption. Caffeine otherwise appears well tolerated during anesthetic emergence.
Blood Conservation and Hemostasis in Cardiac Surgery: A Survey of Practice Variation and Adoption of Evidence-Based Guidelines
Authors: Joshi Ravi V. , Wilkey Andrew L. , Blackwell James-Michael , Kwak Jenny , Raphael Jacob , Shore-Lesserson Linda , Greilich Philip E. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:
Blood conservation and hemostasis are integral parts of reducing avoidable blood transfusions and the associated morbidity and mortality. Despite the publication of blood conservation guidelines for cardiac surgery, evidence suggests persistent variability in practice patterns. Members of the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists (SCA) created a survey to audit conformance to existing guidelines and use the results to help narrow the evidence-to-practice gap.

METHODS:
Members of the SCA and its Continuous Practice Improvement (CPI)— Blood Conservation Work Group developed a 48-item Blood Conservation and Hemostasis in Cardiac Surgery (BCHCS) survey. The questionnaire included the components of the Anesthesia Quality Institute’s (AQI) composite measure AQI49. The survey was distributed to the entire SCA membership by e-mail via the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) Consortium between the fall of 2017 and early 2018.

RESULTS:
Of 3152 SCA members, 536 returned surveys for a response rate of 17%. Most responders worked at academic institutions. The median transfusion trigger after cardiopulmonary bypass was hemoglobin (Hgb) 7.0 to 8.0 g/dL. There are 4 components to AQI49, and the composite conformance to all of them was low due to 1 specific component: the use of transfusion algorithms supplemented with point-of-care (POC) testing. There was good conformance to the other 3 components of AQI49: use of antifibrinolytics, minimization of hemodilution and use of red cell salvage. Overall, practices with a multidisciplinary patient blood management (PBM) team were the most successful in meeting all 4 AQI49 criteria.

CONCLUSIONS:
The survey demonstrated widespread adoption of several best practices, including the tolerance of lower hemoglobin transfusion triggers, use of antifibrinolytics, minimization of hemodilution, and use of red cell salvage. The survey also confirms that gaps remain in preoperative anemia management and the use of transfusion algorithms supplemented with POC hemostasis testing. Serial use of this survey can be used to identify barriers to implementation and audit the effectiveness of interventions described in this article. This instrument could also help harmonize local, regional, and national efforts and become an essential component of an implementation strategy for PBM in cardiac surgery.
Part 2: exploring views from fathers and perinatal practitioners on the inclusion of fathers by perinatal services
Authors: Fenton SK , Joscelyne T , Higgins S 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThis is the second of a two-part series exploring father's inclusion in the perinatal years. The first paper was published in volume 29, issue 4 of the British Journal of Midwifery. This paper explores the results of the study and discussion in relation to previous literature and to professional practice. Positive father involvement during the perinatal period has important implications for families. However, previous research suggests that fathers experience marginalisation, while staff report a lack of training and time for engaging fathers.AimsThis study explored fathers' and perinatal professionals' experiences of fathers' involvement during the perinatal period, and ideas for paternal support.MethodA Delphi method was employed. Thematic analysis from focus groups informed an online survey which was completed by 24 fathers and 22 professionals. A third-round survey finalised group consensus.ResultsBoth groups agreed on the importance of fathers. Participants suggested improvement ideas, such as supporting fathers with psychological change. Groups disagreed on some ideas, such as fathers receiving a session alone to discuss concerns.DiscussionThe findings support the inclusion of fathers in perinatal services and a focus on the whole family system. Limitations of this study include low participant diversity and possible selection bias. Implications for further research are discussed.
Genus-Sexus-Inkongruenz in der Bezeichnungspraxis.
Authors: Stocker Christa 
Published: May 2021

Nouns referring to persons are “vehicles of our thoughts” (Hermanns 2012b: 62). As labels, they refer to social categories, thereby both reflecting social realities and preserving them at the same time. If social realities change, language usage changes as well. With the abandonment of a historical concept, the designation associated with it also loses its rich semantic filling. The semantic filling, however, can be reconstructed from a historical perspective using a context-sensitive text and discourse analysis.
This article aims to reconstruct Backfisch – the designation and social category for teenage girls in the second half of the 19th century – with surprising findings: German designations for teenage girls display a habitual mismatch between grammatical gender and sex. While this incongruency is common, it is not accidental. Instead, it continuously transports semantic features, both in the neuter, with the reification of adolescent girls that conform to their female gender role, and in the masculine, with male category-bound features of Backfische, whose behaviour conflicts with the expectancies that a female gender role evokes. Masculine gender is thus a manifestation of behaviour deviant from a gender role but nevertheless positively evaluated. A possible reason for this are the category-bound male features – assessed positively – that are transferred to the female Backfisch category and that have the effect of a temporary status enhancement.
S (Bachmanns) Anna.
Authors: Schweden Theresa 
Published: May 2021

In rural speech communities, when speakers refer to persons, their family of origin is omnipresent, not only by passing on the name of the family patriarch, but also in the serialization of surname and first name and in the grammatical structures of reference forms (der Müller Peter, s Müllers Peter). This paper portrays the diachronic development of reference forms and elaborates on their preservation in synchronic reference systems. Furthermore, it explores a referent’s linguistic categorization into social groups and shows that different grammatical structures foreground certain distinctions, which can also overlap.
In rural villages, inofficial house names, derived from the patriarch’s first name or profession, are still in use. When an individual marries into another house, the reference to this person can change accordingly.
Input pulse duration effect on laser-induced underwater acoustic signals
Authors: Yellaiah J. , Prem Kiran P. 
Published: May 2021

The characteristics of laser-induced underwater acoustic signals (UASs) generated by focused 10 ns and 30 ps laser pulses of different energies under similar experimental conditions are compared. Time domain signals and time–frequency analysis of the UASs were used to understand the role of input pulse duration and energy on the evolution of UAS. In the time domain, the peak-to-peak (

P

k

−

P

k

) overpressure of the UAS decreases, and the arrival time (

A

t

) increases as a function of propagation distance for both ns and ps laser-induced breakdown (LIB) of water. With increasing incident energy of both ns and ps laser pulses, the

P

k

−

P

k

overpressures of acoustic signals increase almost linearly. In the time–frequency domain, the spectrogram obtained via short-time Fourier transform provides spectral information and

A

t

of both direct and reflected signals simultaneously. The spectrogram revealed that the transient UAS has broad acoustic spectra spanning from 10 to 800 kHz, perpendicular to the laser propagation direction. The initial acoustic impulse resulted in two major frequencies centered around 105 and 690 kHz with a standard error of 30 kHz. Upon reflection from the water–air interface, only the peak frequency corresponding to

∼

105

k
H
z

was reflected, while the longer frequency was observed to dissipate. Our results demonstrate that the ns-LIB is more suitable for applications compared to the ps-LIB owing to stronger acoustic impulse of both direct and reflected signals.
Living Well and Dying Well: Tales of Counselling Older People, Helen Kewell (2019)
Authors: Cairns Caitlin 
Published: May 2021

Review of: Living Well and Dying Well: Tales of Counselling Older People, Helen Kewell (2019)
Monmouth: PCCS Books, 157 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-91091-941-5, p/bk, £11 ($14.61)
Elderhood: Redefining Aging, Transforming Medicine, Reimaging Life, Louise Aronson (2019)
Authors: Basler Lauren 
Published: May 2021

Review of: Elderhood: Redefining Aging, Transforming Medicine, Reimaging Life, Louise Aronson (2019)
New York: Bloomsbury Publishing, Inc, 449 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-62040-546-8, h/bk, $13.59
ISBN 978-1-62040-548-2, e/bk, $12.60
El lugar como herramienta de análisis para la economía social y solidaria. El caso de la asociación El Arca (Mendoza, Argentina)
Authors: Jurado Emanuel Alberto 
Published: May 2021

Diversos procesos económicos alternativos al capital han surgido en las últimas décadas en Argentina y Latinoamérica. Agrupados bajo el amplio campo de la economía social y solidaria, consisten en un conjunto heterogéneo de emprendimientos económicos que contempla elementos organizativos de autogestión asociativa y democrática, como así también vínculos solidarios con su comunidad de pertenencia. En el caso de Mendoza, este campo se ha desarrollado vigorosamente gracias a la conjunción del trabajo de numerosos sujetos –individuales y colectivos–.
En este trabajo, realizamos un análisis geográfico de esta temática socio-económica empleando, principalmente, la noción de lugar como herramienta conceptual. De esta forma, buscamos realizar una contribución teórica y empírica, tanto a la geografía como a la economía social y solidaria. A modo de estudio de caso, analizamos el andar histórico de El Arca, asociación referente en la temática en Mendoza.
Vzdělání k udržitelné spotřebě a životnímu stylu – cíle a výstupy
Authors: Dlouhá Jana , Henderson Laura , Kroufek Roman , Jančaříková Kateřina , Neprašová Simona 
Published: May 2021

Článek rekapituluje teoretická východiska vzdělávání zaměřeného na rozvíjení návyků a chování v oblasti udržitelné spotřeby, a jejich prostřednictvím i na celkovou změnu životního stylu. Zdůrazňuje význam transformativního učení jakožto základního rámce pro tento typ učení, hledá související koncepty, které pomohou stanovit relevantní vzdělávací cíle – aktivní přístup, akční kompetence, klíčové kompetence pro udržitelnost. Autoři diskutují též nástroje, kterými by tyto cíle byly dosažitelné ve školní výuce: pro citlivou povahu transformativního učení a jeho působení na vnitřní změny osobnosti navrhují postupy vzdělávání pro budoucnost, kreativního učení nebo ty, jež jsou uplatňovány při řešení konfliktů a v rámci celoinstitucionálního přístupu. Rekapitulují a zobecňují zkušenosti s designem programu odpovědné spotřeby pro děti/žáky/studenty mateřských až středních škol, a vyvozují závěry pro využití konceptu transformativního učení ve vzdělávání dětí (ve srovnání s učením dospělých). Výsledkem teoretických úvah i společných aktivit v praxi je návrh hodnotícího nástroje, pomocí kterého lze reflektovat postup při naplňování vzdělávacích cílů v dané oblasti – kompetencí k odpovědné spotřebě a změně životního stylu.
Deep Large Margin Nearest Neighbor for Gait Recognition
Authors: Xu Wanjiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Gait recognition in video surveillance is still challenging because the employed gait features are usually affected by many variations. To overcome this difficulty, this paper presents a novel Deep Large Margin Nearest Neighbor (DLMNN) method for gait recognition. The proposed DLMNN trains a convolutional neural network to project gait feature onto a metric subspace, under which intra-class gait samples are pulled together as small as possible while inter-class samples are pushed apart by a large margin. We provide an extensive evaluation in terms of various scenarios, namely, normal, carrying, clothing, and cross-view condition on two widely used gait datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DLMNN achieves competitive gait recognition performances and promising computational efficiency.
Counting certain quadratic partitions of zero modulo a prime number
Authors: Xiao Wang , Li Aihua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Consider an odd prime number

p
≡
2

(

mod

3

)

p\equiv 2\hspace{0.3em}\left(\mathrm{mod}\hspace{0.3em}3)

. In this paper, the number of certain type of partitions of zero in

Z

/

p
Z

{\mathbb{Z}}\hspace{-0.1em}\text{/}\hspace{-0.1em}p{\mathbb{Z}}

is calculated using a combination of elementary combinatorics and number theory. The focus is on the three-part partitions of 0 in

Z

/

p
Z

{\mathbb{Z}}\hspace{-0.1em}\text{/}\hspace{-0.1em}p{\mathbb{Z}}

with all three parts chosen from the set of non-zero quadratic residues mod

p

p

. Such partitions are divided into two types. Those with exactly two of the three parts identical are classified as type I. The type II partitions are those with all three parts being distinct. The number of partitions of each type is given. The problem of counting such partitions is well related to that of counting the number of non-trivial solutions to the Diophantine equation

x

2

+

y

2

+

z

2

=
0

{x}^{2}+{y}^{2}+{z}^{2}=0

in the ring

Z

/

p
Z

{\mathbb{Z}}\hspace{-0.1em}\text{/}\hspace{-0.1em}p{\mathbb{Z}}

. Correspondingly, solutions to this equation are also classified as type I or type II. We give the number of solutions to the equation corresponding to each type.