bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SKAP2 as a new regulator of oligodendroglial migration and myelin sheath formation
Authors: Ghelman Julia , Grewing Laureen , Windener Farina , Albrecht Stefanie , Zarbock Alexander , Kuhlmann Tanja 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOligodendroglial progenitor cells (OPCs) are highly proliferative and migratory cells, which differentiate into complex myelin forming and axon ensheathing mature oligodendrocytes during myelination. Recent studies indicate that the oligodendroglial cell population is heterogeneous on transcriptional and functional level depending on the location in the central nervous system. Here, we compared intrinsic properties of OPC from spinal cord and brain on functional and transcriptional level. Spinal cord OPC demonstrated increased migration as well as differentiation capacity. Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of several genes between both OPC populations. In spinal cord OPC, we confirmed upregulation of SKAP2, a cytoplasmatic adaptor protein known for its implication in cytoskeletal remodeling and migration in other cell types. Recent findings suggest that actin dynamics determine not only oligodendroglial migration, but also differentiation: Whereas actin polymerization is important for process extension, actin destabilization and depolymerization is required for myelin sheath formation. Downregulation or complete lack of SKAP2 in OPC resulted in reduced migration and impaired morphological maturation in oligodendrocytes. In contrast, overexpression of SKAP2 as well as constitutively active SKAP2 increased OPC migration suggesting that SKAP2 function is dependent on activation by phosphorylation. Furthermore, lack of SKAP2 enhanced the positive effect on OPC migration after integrin activation suggesting that SKAP2 acts as modulator of integrin dependent migration. In summary, we demonstrate the presence of intrinsic differences between spinal cord and brain OPC and identified SKAP2 as a new regulator of oligodendroglial migration and sheath formation.
Topologically convergent and divergent morphological gray matter networks in early‐stage Parkinson's disease with and without mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Suo Xueling , Lei Du , Li Nannan , Li Junying , Peng Jiaxin , Li Wenbin , Yang Jing , Qin Kun , Kemp Graham J. , Peng Rong , Gong Qiyong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPatients with Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD‐M) progress to dementia more frequently than those with normal cognition (PD‐N), but the underlying neurobiology remains unclear. This study aimed to define the specific morphological brain network alterations in PD‐M, and explore their potential diagnostic value. Twenty‐four PD‐M patients, 17 PD‐N patients, and 29 healthy controls (HC) underwent a structural MRI scan. Similarity between interregional gray matter volume distributions was used to construct individual morphological brain networks. These were analyzed using graph theory and network‐based statistics (NBS), and their relationship to neuropsychological tests was assessed. Support vector machine (SVM) was used to perform individual classification. Globally, compared with HC, PD‐M showed increased local efficiency (p = .001) in their morphological networks, while PD‐N showed decreased normalized path length (p = .008). Locally, similar nodal deficits were found in the rectus and lingual gyrus, and cerebellum of both PD groups relative to HC; additionally in PD‐M nodal deficits involved several frontal and parietal regions, correlated with cognitive scores. NBS found that similar connections were involved in the default mode and cerebellar networks of both PD groups (to a greater extent in PD‐M), while PD‐M, but not PD‐N, showed altered connections involving the frontoparietal network. Using connections identified by NBS, SVM allowed discrimination with high accuracy between PD‐N and HC (90%), PD‐M and HC (85%), and between the two PD groups (65%). These results suggest that default mode and cerebellar disruption characterizes PD, more so in PD‐M, whereas frontoparietal disruption has diagnostic potential.
Gastrostomy tube dependence and patient‐reported quality of life outcomes based on type of treatment for human papillomavirus‐associated oropharyngeal cancer: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Quan Daniel L. , Sukari Ammar , Nagasaka Misako , Kim Harold , Cramer John D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe examined the impact of treatment modality on gastrostomy tube dependence and patient‐reported outcomes in human papillomavirus‐associated oropharyngeal cancer (HPV‐OPSCC). We performed systematic review and meta‐analysis of functional outcomes 1–3 years after treatment. Twenty‐three studies were included, reporting on 3127 patients treated for HPV‐OPSCC. Gastrostomy tube dependence failed to show statistically significant difference between surgery with adjuvant therapy and chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin at 12 months (8.3% [95% CI: 3.1–15.9] vs. 4.2% [1.1–9.2], p = 0.37) and 24–36 months (10.5% [95% CI: 3.2–21.5] vs. 3.3% [2.0–4.9], p = 0.06). Surgery with adjuvant therapy was associated with worse University of Washington Quality of Life (UW‐QOL) Swallowing (84 [95% CI: 80–88] vs. 89 [87–90], p = 0.03) and UW‐QOL Overall scores (76 [95% CI: 72–80] vs. 84 [81–86], p = 0.001) compared to chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin at 12 months. Surgery with adjuvant therapy was associated with worse performance on certain measures of patient‐reported swallow and overall function compared to chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to directly compare functional outcomes after treatment for HPV‐OPSCC.
Malignancy detection on mammograms by integrating modified convolutional neural network classifier and texture features
Authors: George Melekoodappattu Jayesh , Sahaya Dhas Anto , Kumar K. Binil , Adarsh K. S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBreast cancer is detected by identifying malignancy on breast tissue. Emerging technologies in medical image processing are used to interpret histopathology images. For analyzing medical imaging and pathological data, modified deep neural networks are being used. Automatic detection of malignancy is usually achieved in deep learning by capturing features from a convolutional neural network (CNN) and then categorizing them using a fully connected network. A framework to automatically diagnose malignancy using an ensemble approach, including CNN and extraction of image texture features, is implemented in this research. In the CNN phase, the nine‐layer modified CNN is used to classify images. Texture features are derived and their dimension is minimized using maximum variance unfolding to enhance the efficiency of classification in the extraction‐based phase. The results of each phase were then merged to obtain the final decision. The testing specificity and accuracy of our ensemble method on MIAS repository are 98.9% and 99%, respectively and for the DDSM repository are 98.3% and 98.1%. The ensemble approach increases the measurement metrics compared to each phase separately, as per the experimental findings.
Patient perceptions of astudent‐ledremote hypertension education program
Authors: Kieck Danielle , Ostir Stephanie , Blair Jaycee , Yenser Emily , Chapin Maryann , Lovett Sydney , Pezzino Nicole 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has drastically changed healthcare, promoting a shift to remote services. Managing long‐term therapy conditions, like hypertension, became increasingly difficult due to limited access to care. During these unprecedented times, two community pharmacies collaborated with a school of pharmacy to develop a new remote program to encourage patient centered disease state management.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to describe patient perceptions of participating in a student‐led, remote hypertension education program. The secondary objective was to gain insight on perceptions of the program's impact on current lifestyle.MethodsSecond‐ and third‐year pharmacy students worked with faculty preceptors to develop and remotely deliver an 8‐week curriculum. During each call, students educated on a topic and set S.M.A.R.T. (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Timely) goals. After completing the program, participants were interviewed regarding their experience.This study was a qualitative design using semi‐structured interviews. Participants in the program were interviewed by trained investigators. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically coded to address study outcomes.ResultsA total of 12 participant interviews were conducted with all participants 50 years of age or older and a majority having a diagnosis of hypertension for greater than 20 years. From the interviews, six dominant themes were identified. Themes were: (a) students were knowledgeable, professional, and engaged; (b) participants felt comfortable communicating with the students and developed a positive relationship; (c) participants expressed having a positive impact on the students' education; (d) the program was organized; (e) participants reported positive lifestyle changes or reinforced habits that they plan to continue, and (f) the remote nature of the program was convenient, but face‐to‐face interaction was missed.ConclusionParticipants had an overwhelmingly positive experience completing the program. Utilizing students for development and implementation allowed the pharmacies to offer an additional clinical service and was a factor that impacted patient engagement and participation.
Establishment of an in vitro method of rabbit embryo toxicity with toxicokinetics study
Authors: Zhu Qiuyang , Jia Yuling , Guo Jun , Meng Xiang , Chong Liming , Xu Li , Zhou Li , Sun Zuyue 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis report introduces a novel method, rabbit whole embryo culture (WEC) combined with toxicokinetics (TK), for toxicity testing. Rodent WEC has been extensively used for in vitro screening of developmental toxicity. To improve the reliability of in vitro data, it is important to consider TK and species specificity. To test the utility and effectiveness of this method, we investigated the toxic effect of thalidomide on rabbit embryos and its behavior in test systems both in vitro and in vivo under the same experimental condition. The data showed that thalidomide induced embryo malformations such as embryonic brain hypoplasia, short limb buds, and declined embryonic growth both in vitro and in vivo. The toxic effect increased with the increasing exposure of the embryo to thalidomide. In addition, we observed similar toxic effects and exposure–effect relationships in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, we preliminarily conclude that this new method can effectively predict and explain thalidomide toxicity. Furthermore, we investigated the behavior of test compounds in the WEC system for the first time, and this method is expected to be an important technique for in vitro toxicity study after extensive verification.
Tissue response, macrophage phenotype, and intrinsic calcification induced by cardiovascular biomaterials: Can clinical regenerative potential be predicted in a rat subcutaneous implant model?
Authors: Cramer Madeline , Chang Jordan , Li Hongshuai , Serrero Aurelie , El‐Kurdi Mohammed , Cox Martijn , Schoen Frederick J. , Badylak Stephen F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe host immune response to an implanted biomaterial, particularly the phenotype of infiltrating macrophages, is a key determinant of biocompatibility and downstream remodeling outcome. The present study used a subcutaneous rat model to compare the tissue response, including macrophage phenotype, remodeling potential, and calcification propensity of a biologic scaffold composed of glutaraldehyde‐fixed bovine pericardium (GF‐BP), the standard of care for heart valve replacement, with those of an electrospun polycarbonate‐based supramolecular polymer scaffold (ePC‐UPy), urinary bladder extracellular matrix (UBM‐ECM), and a polypropylene mesh (PP). The ePC‐UPy and UBM‐ECM materials induced infiltration of mononuclear cells throughout the thickness of the scaffold within 2 days and neovascularization at 14 days. GF‐BP and PP elicited a balance of pro‐inflammatory (M1‐like) and anti‐inflammatory (M2‐like) macrophages, while UBM‐ECM and ePC‐UPy supported a dominant M2‐like macrophage phenotype at all timepoints. Relative to GF‐BP, ePC‐UPy was markedly less susceptible to calcification for the 180 day duration of the study. UBM‐ECM induced an archetypical constructive remodeling response dominated by M2‐like macrophages and the PP caused a typical foreign body reaction dominated by M1‐like macrophages. The results of this study highlight the divergent macrophage and host remodeling response to biomaterials with distinct physical and chemical properties and suggest that the rat subcutaneous implantation model can be used to predict in vivo biocompatibility and regenerative potential for clinical application of cardiovascular biomaterials.
Urinary bladder augmentation with acellular biologic scaffold—A preclinical study in a large animal model
Authors: Pokrywczynska Marta , Jundzill Arkadiusz , Tworkiewicz Jakub , Buhl Monika , Balcerczyk Daria , Adamowicz Jan , Kloskowski Tomasz , Rasmus Marta , Mecinska‐Jundzill Kaja , Kasinski Damian , Frontczak‐Baniewicz Malgorzata , Holysz Marcin , Skopinska‐Wisniewska Joanna , Bodnar Magdalena , Marszalek Andrzej , Antosik Paulina , Grzanka Dariusz , Drewa Tomasz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCurrent strategies in urinary bladder augmentation include use of gastrointestinal segments, however, the technique is associated with inevitable complications. An acellular biologic scaffold seems to be a promising option for urinary bladder augmentation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of bladder acellular matrix (BAM) for reconstruction of clinically significant large urinary bladder wall defects in a long‐term porcine model. Urinary bladders were harvested from 10 pig donors. Biological scaffolds were prepared by chemically removing all cellular components from urinary bladder tissue. A total of 10 female pigs underwent hemicystectomy and subsequent bladder reconstruction with BAM. The follow‐up study was 6 months. Reconstructed bladders were subjected to radiological, macroscopic, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular evaluations. Six out of ten animals survived the 6‐month follow‐up period. Four pigs died during observation due to mechanical failure of the scaffold, anastomotic dehiscence between the scaffold and native bladder tissue, or occluded catheter. Tissue engineered bladder function was normal without any signs of postvoid residual urine in the bladder or upper urinary tracts. Macroscopically, graft shrinkage was observed. Urothelium completely covered the luminal surface of the graft. Smooth muscle regeneration was observed mainly in the peripheral graft region and gradually decreased toward the center of the graft. Expression of urothelial, smooth muscle, blood vessel, and nerve markers were lower in the reconstructed bladder wall compared to the native bladder. BAM seems to be a promising biomaterial for reconstruction of large urinary bladder wall defects. Further research on cell‐seeded BAM to enhance urinary bladder regeneration is required.
Characterization of bacteria type strain Bacillus. spp isolated from extracellular polymeric substance harvested in seafood wastewater
Authors: Tran Thi Ngoc Thu , Nguyen Thi Dong Phuong , Dinh Ha Thuong , Bui Thi Tho , Ho Le Han , Nguyen‐Phan Truc Xuyen , Khoo Kuan Shiong , Chew Kit Wayne , Show Pau Loke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBacillus species have been well‐documented as bacteria isolated from soil with primary characteristics that were identified and applied to agriculture, wastewater treatment, pharmaceutic, and human life. This study focuses on the characterization of Bacillus strains isolated from a particular resource, which is seafood wastewater, and to list which correlating and different properties with those coming from soil. Of the 15 isolates obtained by positive Gram (+) screening, 14 sequenced Bacillus genomes type strain B. subtilis (B. subtilis) and Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), which were analyzed by the phylogenetic tree, were chosen for further investigation due to their majority. For antagonistic activity against E.coli ATCC 85922, no visible inhibitory zones were directly observed to isolates type strain B. cereus. On the other hand, out of the four B. subtilis exploited in this activity with AU > 200, only one exhibited a strong AU of 327. In the case of antibiotic susceptibility, B. subtilis was sensitive to most of the five antibiotics investigated in this study, particularly to the high coefficient of cell's susceptibility over 0.8 against penicillin and tetracyclin. Additionally, the critical property in biofilm production (elucidated isolates) was amplified with two genes abrB and spo0A, and was exhibited through SEM visualization. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Engineering integration in elementary science classrooms: Effects of disciplinary language scaffolds on English learners' content learning and engineering identity
Authors: Aguirre‐Muñoz Zenaida , Pantoya Michelle , Pando Magdalena , Loria Garro Elias S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLimited research examines the effects of integrated science and engineering (SE) instruction emphasizing disciplinary literacy and language activities on engineering identity and content understanding. Far fewer studies target English learners (ELs).PurposeThe impact of an SE intervention on the development of science, engineering, and technology knowledge as well as engineering identity was examined. To address ELs' learning needs, the curricular design was built on a validated SE model by integrating (1) developmental, (2) language scaffolds, and (3) culturally based accommodations.Design/MethodSeparate analysis of variance examined the effects of the intervention on science, engineering, and technology knowledge as well as engineering identity. The relationship among engineering identity and content outcomes was also examined. ELs from kindergarten to second grade classrooms were randomly assigned to the integrated SE group or control group.ResultsIntegrated SE instruction significantly increased ELs' science, engineering, and technology knowledge as well as a substantially developed engineering identity. Overall, ELs' engineering identity is associated with an increase in science, engineering, and technology content knowledge. However, second grade girls' identity development was not associated with learning measures. These correlations suggest the context of the engineering activity may have reinforced gendered stereotypes and reduced the effects for girls' engineering attitudes.ConclusionsIntegrated SE instruction emphasizing disciplinary literacy and cultural accommodations increases early elementary ELs' learning and engineering identity. Future studies should examine the unique effects of language scaffolds and cultural modifications on student learning and the impact of gender stereotypes on girls' engineering attitudes.
Ultrastructural characterization of the intestine of the Eurasian common moorhen using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy
Authors: Hanafy Basma G. , Abumandour Mohamed M. A. , Kandyle Ramadan , Bassuoni Naglaa F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present investigation focused on the morphological features of the intestine of Eurasian common moorhen by the aid of scanning electron microscopy and histological, morphometric, and statistical examinations. The intestinal villi were varied in shape along the intestinal tract; the duodenal villi were elongated and twisted, the jejunal villi were tongue‐like, the ileal villi were cuboidal, and the cecal villi were tongue‐like and finger‐like at the base and body of the cecum. While at the apex of the cecum, it appeared as corrugated longitudinal folds and the rectal villi appeared as columns. The microvilli were present as projections on the surface of villi of the small intestine and the base of the cecum. While at the body and the apex of the cecum, the microvilli appeared as threads and as brush hairs on the rectal villi. The duodenal, jejunal, ileal, cecal, and rectal villi were lined by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells. The submucosal layer of small intestine consisted of connective tissue fibers along the intestinal tract, but it was absent at the base of the cecum. The tunica musculosa consisted of single longitudinal layer of smooth muscle fibers in the duodenum and rectum. While in the jejunum, ileum, and cecum, it was composed of single circular layer of smooth muscle fibers. The thickness of the tunics differed among the intestinal parts.
Turán and Ramsey numbers for 3‐uniform minimal paths of length 4
Authors: Han Jie , Polcyn Joanna , Ruciński Andrzej 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe determine Turán numbers for the family of 3‐uniform minimal paths of length four for all . We also establish the second‐ and third‐order Turán numbers and use them to compute the corresponding Ramsey numbers for up to four colors.
Divisible subdivisions
Authors: Alon Noga , Krivelevich Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe prove that for every graph of maximum degree at most 3 and for every positive integer there is a finite such that every ‐minor contains a subdivision of in which every edge is replaced by a path whose length is divisible by . For the case of cycles we show that for every ‐minor contains a cycle of length divisible by , and observe that this settles a recent problem of Friedman and the second author about cycles in (weakly) expanding graphs.
Frequent lower respiratory tract disease in hematological patients with parainfluenza virus type 3 infection
Authors: Lefeuvre Caroline , Salmona Maud , Bondeelle Louise , Houdouin Véronique , Feghoul Linda , Jacquier Hervé , Mercier‐Delarue Séverine , Bergeron Anne , LeGoff Jérôme 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHuman parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV‐3) may cause lower respiratory tract infection disease (LRTI‐D) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Most previous have studies focused on recipients of HSCT whereas data on characteristics and outcomes in patients with hematological malignancies (HMs) compared to non‐hematological patients are limited. The prognostic value of viral load in respiratory specimens remains elusive. In a 2‐year retrospective study, we determined the frequencies of LRTI‐D in HM, HSCT, and in non‐hematological patients, and HPIV‐3 levels in respiratory tract secretions. Among 98 patients with HPIV‐3 infection, including 31 HSCT and 40 HM, 36 had a diagnosis of LRTI‐D. LRTI‐D was significantly more frequent in patients with HM or HSCT (n = 32, 45.1%) than in non‐hematological patients (n = 4, 14.8%) (p = 0.006). The median HPIV‐3 loads were high in upper respiratory tract secretions regardless of the presence or absence of LRTI‐D (8.3 log10 vs. 7.6 log10 TCID50/106 cells). HPIV‐3 loads in respiratory tract samples in HM were not significantly higher than those found in HSCT but significantly higher than in non‐hematological patients (p = 0.007). In conclusion, LRTI‐D was frequent in HM patients who were diagnosed with HPIV‐3 infection.