bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Branch-and-Bound for Biobjective Mixed-Integer Linear Programming
Authors: Adelgren Nathan , Gupte Akshay 
Published: October 2021

We present a generic branch-and-bound algorithm for finding all the Pareto solutions of a biobjective mixed-integer linear program. The main contributions are new algorithms for obtaining dual bounds at a node, checking node fathoming, presolve, and duality gap measurement. Our branch-and-bound is predominantly a decision space search method because the branching is performed on the decision variables, akin to single objective problems, although we also sometimes split gaps and branch in the objective space. The various algorithms are implemented using a data structure for storing Pareto sets. Computational experiments are carried out on literature instances and on a new set of instances that we generate using a benchmark library (MIPLIB2017) for single objective problems. We also perform comparisons against the triangle splitting method from literature, which is an objective space search algorithm. Summary of Contribution: Biobjective mixed-integer optimization problems have two linear objectives and a mixed-integer feasible region. Such problems have many applications in operations research, because many real-world optimization problems naturally comprise two conflicting objectives to optimize or can be approximated in such a manner and are even harder than single objective mixed-integer programs. Solving them exactly requires the computation of all the nondominated solutions in the objective space, whereas some applications may also require finding at least one solution in the decision space corresponding to each nondominated solution. This paper provides an exact algorithm for solving these problems using the branch-and-bound method, which works predominantly in the decision space. Of the many ingredients of this algorithm, some parts are direct extensions of the single-objective version, but the main parts are newly designed algorithms to handle the distinct challenges of optimizing over two objectives. The goal of this study is to improve solution quality and speed and show that decision-space algorithms perform comparably to, and sometimes better than, algorithms that work mainly in the objective-space.
Evaluation of habitual sleep and factors influencing it in patients awaiting acute or planned abdominal surgery
Authors: Petersen Marian Christin , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: October 2021

Background and aims: This study aimed to clarify the incidence and severity of habitual sleep disturbances in patients undergoing surgery. Methods: A survey was conducted to collect data in a cohort of patients awaiting abdominal surgery. The Insomnia Severity Index score was used as primary measurement, while the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores were used as secondary measurements. Findings: Overall, 119 patients were included in the analysis. The habitual sleep in the study cohort revealed high incidence of sleep difficulties and insomnia. Female sex and incidence of anxiety and depression were significantly related to all three scores, while age and employment were associated with Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Insomnia Severity Index scores, respectively. Conclusions: Female sex, experiencing depression or anxiety had severe negative impact on sleep in patients scheduled for elective or planned surgery. The prevalence of sleep problems in patients should be considered for optimising sleep to improve rehabilitation and reduce stress associated with surgery.
Libro: Aprender a enseñar matemáticas en educación primaria
Authors: Hidalgo Moncada Diana 
Published: October 2021

Considerando que aprender a enseñar matemáticas no es tarea fácil, dicha práctica debe ser un objetivo sistemático y constante de todo profesor, más aún si hablamos de los diversos procesos matemáticos que se deben desarrollar en la educación primaria, como el razonamiento, las representaciones, la resolución de problemas, las conexiones, entre otros. El libro Aprender a Enseñar Matemáticas en Educación Primaria aborda los distintos tipos de pensamiento matemático y cómo promoverlos en el aula de primaria desde una mirada competencial y centrada en el alumno. El texto da una mirada a cada área del currículo de primaria, como los números naturales, las fracciones, el azar y la estadística, el concepto de medida y la geometría. En cada uno de ellos se detallan ciertos aspectos teóricos y se entregan diversas directrices para llevar a cabo actividades idóneas, como también se muestran ejemplos de aulas de los propios autores que han tenido resultados exitosos. Adicionalmente, se habla de la importancia de la presencia de errores en los procesos de comprensión de cada contenido matemático.
Improving the accuracy of distance measurements based on beat frequency detection of a dual-frequency optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Yang Bo , Yu Jiwen , Chi Hao , Yang Shuna , Ou Jun , Zhai Yanrong 
Published: October 2021

A high-accuracy distance measurements (DMs) approach based on beat frequency detection of a dual-frequency optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The dual-frequency OEO is formed with a single electro-optical modulator and a common length of energy storage fiber, and the beat frequency of the two oscillation signals can be directly achieved after a photodetector. Since the environmental disturbance has the same influence on the lengths of the two loops corresponding to the two oscillation frequencies, the environmental disturbance errors can be greatly reduced by beat frequency detection. In the experiment, we achieved a sensitivity of 49.9375 kHz/mm and a measurement error of

±
15

µ

m

. The frequency stability of the beat-frequency signal was 8.57 times higher than the oscillation signal of the measurement loop.
Barriers to getting into postgraduate specialty training for junior Australian doctors: An interview-based study
Authors: O’Sullivan Belinda , McGrail Matthew , Gurney Tiana , Martin Priya 
Published: October 2021

Background
Medical training is a long process that is not complete until doctors finish specialty training. Getting into specialty training is challenging because of strong competition for limited places, depending on doctors’ chosen field. This may have a negative impact on doctor well-being and reduce the efficiency of the medical training system. This study explored the barriers of pre-registrar (junior) doctors getting into specialty training programs to inform tailored support and re-design of speciality entry systems.

Methods
From March to October 2019, we conducted 32 semi-structured interviews with early-career doctors in Australia, who had chosen their specialty field, and were either seeking entry, currently undertaking or had recently completed various fields of specialty training. We sought reflections about barriers and major influences to getting into specialty training. In comparing and contrasting generated themes, different patterns emerged from doctors targeting traditionally non-competitive specialty fields like General Practice (GP) and other specialties (typically more competitive fields). As a result we explored the data in this dichotomy.

Results
Doctors targeting entry to GP specialties had relatively seamless training entry and few specific barriers. In contrast, those pursuing other specialties, regardless of which ones, relayed multiple barriers of: Navigating an unpredictable and complex system with informal support/guidance; Connecting to the right people/networks for relevant experience; Pro-actively planning and differentiating skills with recurrent failure of applications.

Conclusions
Our exploratory study suggests that doctors wanting to get into non-GP specialty training may experience strong barriers, potentially over multiple years, with the capacity to threaten their morale and resilience. These could be addressed by a clearinghouse of information about different speciality programs, broader selection criteria, feedback on applications and more formal guidance and professional supports. The absence of challenges identified for doctors seeking entry to GP could be used to promote increased uptake of GP careers.
Clinical and biological correlates of morning serum cortisol in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity
Authors: Martens Anton , Duran Bünyamin , Vanbesien Jesse , Verheyden Stephanie , Rutteman Bart , Staels Willem , Anckaert Ellen , Gies Inge , De Schepper Jean 
Published: October 2021

Background and aim
A fraction of children with obesity have increased serum cortisol levels. In this study, we describe the clinical characteristics of obese children and adolescents with elevated morning serum cortisol levels and the relationship between the cortisol levels and components of the metabolic syndrome.

Methods
Retrospective medical record review study of children aged 4 to 18 years with overweight or obesity seen for obesity management in the Pediatric Obesity Clinic of the UZ Brussel between 2013 and 2015.

Results
A total of 234 children (99 boys and 135 girls) with overweight (BMI z-score > 1.3) without underlying endocrine or genetic conditions were included. Mean (SD) age was 10.1 (2.8) years, BMI SD-score 2.5 (0.6), and body fat percentage 37% (7.9). Serum fasting cortisol levels were elevated (>180 μg/L) in 49 children, normal (62–180 μg/L) in 168, and decreased (<62 μg/L) in 12. Serum fasting cortisol was not significantly correlated with gender, age, or degree of adiposity. But correlated significantly with fasting glucose (Rs = 0.193; p < 0.005), triglycerides (Rs = 0. 143; p < 0.05), fibrinogen (Rs = 0.144; p < 0.05) and leptin levels (Rs = 0.145; p < 0.05). After adjustment for serum insulin and leptin, the correlation between serum cortisol and fasting glucose remained significant.

Conclusion
Elevated morning serum cortisol levels were found in 20% of overweight or obese children and adolescents, irrespective of the degree of adiposity, and were associated with higher fasting glucose, irrespective of underlying insulin resistance. The long-term cardiometabolic consequences of hypercortisolemia in childhood obesity needs further study.
DISCUSSÃO DO LUGAR E ALFABETIZAÇÃO CARTOGRÁFICA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: A ELABORAÇÃO DE CADERNOS DIDÁTICOS ASSOCIADOS A ATLAS GEOAMBIENTAIS MUNICIPAIS DO CENTRO OESTE GAÚCHO
Authors: Delevati Ben Franciele , Schnorr Giorge Gabriel , Petsch Carina , Sccoti Anderson Augusto Volpato , De Souza Robaina Luis Eduardo , Trentin Romario 
Published: October 2021

O conhecimento geográfico discutido pelo aluno em sala de aula, possibilita uma releitura do espaço vivido, onde processos físicos, que antes eram abstratos, recebem a luz da ciência e do conhecimento. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o processo de elaboração dos cadernos didáticos associados à Atlas Geoambientais do Centro-Oeste gaúcho. Além disso, é proposta a inserção das seis atividades, nas aulas de Geografia, segundo as recomendações da Base Nacional Comum Curricular. O artigo é baseado em um método descritivo e as atividades foram elaboradas para fomentar a alfabetização cartográfica dos alunos. Além disso, agregam conhecimentos acerca dos aspectos físicos e socioeconômicos e abordam discussões pautadas na relação sociedade e natureza. São discutidas as possíveis dificuldades que professores e alunos encontrarão ao interpretar os mapas, em especial, o Zoneamento Geoambiental. Baseada na percepção e sentidos dos alunos, discussões sistêmicas podem ser criadas e com isso a abstração do mapa Geoambiental que não é materializado no espaço vivido. No que se refere a elaboração do caderno didático, este material mostra um grande potencial para viabilizar a discussão do conteúdo cartográfico contido no Atlas Geoambiental, assim como para se trabalhar com as competências e habilidades exigidas pela BNCC.
CBench
Authors: Orogat Abdelghny , Liu Isabelle , El-Roby Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

Recently, there has been an increase in the number of knowledge graphs that can be only queried by experts. However, describing questions using structured queries is not straightforward for non-expert users who need to have sufficient knowledge about both the vocabulary and the structure of the queried knowledge graph, as well as the syntax of the structured query language used to describe the user's information needs. The most popular approach introduced to overcome the aforementioned challenges is to use natural language to query these knowledge graphs. Although several question answering benchmarks can be used to evaluate question-answering systems over a number of popular knowledge graphs, choosing a benchmark to accurately assess the quality of a question answering system is a challenging task.
In this paper, we introduce CBench, an extensible, and more informative benchmarking suite for analyzing benchmarks and evaluating question answering systems. CBench can be used to analyze existing benchmarks with respect to several fine-grained linguistic, syntactic, and structural properties of the questions and queries in the benchmark. We show that existing benchmarks vary significantly with respect to these properties deeming choosing a small subset of them unreliable in evaluating QA systems. Until further research improves the quality and comprehensiveness of benchmarks, CBench can be used to facilitate this evaluation using a set of popular benchmarks that can be augmented with other user-provided benchmarks. CBench not only evaluates a question answering system based on popular single-number metrics but also gives a detailed analysis of the linguistic, syntactic, and structural properties of answered and unanswered questions to better help the developers of question answering systems to better understand where their system excels and where it struggles.
Age-adapted percentiles of measured glomerular filtration in healthy individuals: extrapolation to living kidney donors over 65 years
Authors: Delanaye Pierre , Gaillard François , van der Weijden Jessica , Mjøen Geir , Ferhman-Ekholm Ingela , Dubourg Laurence , Ebert Natalie , Schaeffner Elke , Åkerfeldt Torbjörn , Goffin Karolien , Couzi Lionel , Garrouste Cyril , Rostaing Lionel , Courbebaisse Marie , Legendre Christophe , Hourmant Maryvonne , Kamar Nassim , Cavalier Etienne , Weekers Laurent , Bouquegneau Antoine , de Borst Martin H. , Mariat Christophe , Pottel Hans , van Londen Marco 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Most data on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) originate from subjects <65 years old, complicating decision-making in elderly living kidney donors. In this retrospective multi-center study, we calculated percentiles of measured GFR (mGFR) in donors <65 years old and extrapolated these to donors ≥65 years old.

Methods
mGFR percentiles were calculated from a development cohort of French/Belgian living kidney donors <65 years (n=1,983), using quantiles modeled as cubic splines (two linear parts joining at 40 years). Percentiles were extrapolated and validated in an internal cohort of donors ≥65 years (n=147, France) and external cohort of donors and healthy subjects ≥65 years (n=329, Germany, Sweden, Norway, France, The Netherlands) by calculating percentages within the extrapolated 5th–95th percentile (P5–P95).

Results
Individuals in the development cohort had a higher mGFR (99.9 ± 16.4 vs. 86.4 ± 14 and 82.7 ± 15.5 mL/min/1.73 m2) compared to the individuals in the validation cohorts. In the internal validation cohort, none (0%) had mGFR below the extrapolated P5, 12 (8.2%) above P95 and 135 (91.8%) between P5–P95. In the external validation cohort, five subjects had mGFR below the extrapolated P5 (1.5%), 25 above P95 (7.6%) and 299 (90.9%) between P5–P95.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that extrapolation of mGFR from younger donors is possible and might aid with decision-making in elderly donors.
A cognitive account of subjectivity put to the test: using an insertion task to investigate Mandarin result connectives
Authors: Xiao Hongling , van Hout Roeland W. N. M. , Sanders Ted J. M. , Spooren Wilbert P. M. S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article aims to further test the cognitive claims of the so-called subjectivity account of causal events and their linguistic markers, causal connectives. We took Mandarin Chinese, a language that is typologically completely different from the usual western languages, as a case to provide evidence for this subjectivity account. Complementary to the commonly used corpora analyses, we employed crowdsourcing to tap native speakers’ intuitions about causal coherence, focusing on four result connectives kějiàn ‘therefore’, suǒyǐ ‘so’, yīncǐ ‘so/for this reason’ and yúshì ‘thereupon/as a result’. The analysis shows systematic differences regarding the use of connectives in relations that differ in terms of subjectivity, demonstrating that native speakers make use of subjectivity to encode and decode different types of causal relations in discourse. Moreover, our study evidences that a comprehensive model of subjectivity should include the epistemic dimension of certainty about the subjectivity scale that might be indicated by other linguistic elements. In-depth analyses of the test items revealed that the presence/absence of modality words in the result segments are related to different preferential patterns for the connectives. There is a trade-off between the epistemic dimension of certainty and the expression of subjectivity in the four connectives involved.
Remarks on Common Possession Between Law and History
Authors: Dalla Massara Tommaso , Schiavon Alvise 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
‘Common possession’ can be designated as a distinguishing feature of the legal status of common goods, as opposed to the monopolistic character of real rights and especially property. The paper aims at proving how the study of the Roman legal category of res in usu publico can shed a light on the interpretation of existing legislation and ground a legal regulation of the commons based on possessory remedies.
A family of nonparametric unit root tests for processes driven by infinite variance innovations
Authors: Gogebakan Kemal Caglar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper presents extensions to the family of nonparametric fractional variance ratio (FVR) unit root tests of Nielsen (2009. “A Powerful Test of the Autoregressive Unit Root Hypothesis Based on a Tuning Parameter Free Statistic.” Econometric Theory
25: 1515–44) under heavy tailed (infinite variance) innovations. In this regard, we first develop the asymptotic theory for these FVR tests under this setup. We show that the limiting distributions of the tests are free of serial correlation nuisance parameters, but depend on the tail index of the infinite variance process. Then, we compare the finite sample size and power performance of our FVR unit root tests with the well-known parametric ADF test under the impact of the heavy tailed shocks. Simulations demonstrate that under heavy tailed innovations, the nonparametric FVR tests have desirable size and power properties.
An aggressive poorly differentiated plurihormonal Pit-1-positive adenoma
Authors: Postma Mark R , Kuijlen Jos M A , Korsten Astrid G W , Westerlaan Henriëtte E , van den Bergh Alfons C M , Nuver Janine , den Dunnen Wilfred F A , van den Berg Gerrit 
Published: October 2021

Summary
In July 2017, a 35-year-old woman was referred to our care for treatment of a large pituitary mass with an unusually high growth rate. She presented with right-sided ptosis and diplopia (n. III palsy), increasing retrobulbar pain and vertigo. Although laboratory investigations were consistent with acromegaly, she exhibited no clear phenotypic traits. During transsphenoidal surgery aimed at biopsy, typical adenomatous tissue was encountered, upon which it was decided to proceed to debulking. Histopathological analysis demonstrated a poorly differentiated plurihormonal Pit-1-positive adenoma with focal growth hormone (GH) and prolactin positivity, positive SSTR2 staining and a Ki-67 of 20–30%. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination revealed a large tumour remnant within the sella invading the right cavernous sinus with total encasement of the internal carotid artery and displacement of the right temporal lobe. As a consequence, she was treated additionally with radiotherapy, and a long-acting first-generation somatostatin analogue was prescribed. Subsequently, the patient developed secondary hypocortisolism and diabetes mellitus despite adequate suppression of GH levels. In September 2019, her symptoms recurred. Laboratory evaluations indicated a notable loss of biochemical control, and MRI revealed tumour progression. Lanreotide was switched to pasireotide, and successful removal of the tumour remnant and decompression of the right optic nerve was performed. She received adjuvant treatment with temozolomide resulting in excellent biochemical and radiological response after three and six courses. Symptoms of right-sided ptosis and diplopia remained. Evidence for systemic therapy in case of tumour progression after temozolomide is currently limited, although various potential targets can be identified in tumour tissue.

Learning points

Poorly differentiated plurihormonal Pit-1-positive adenoma is a potentially aggressive subtype of pituitary tumours.

This subtype can express somatostatin receptors, allowing treatment with somatostatin analogues.

A multidisciplinary approach involving an endocrinologist, neurosurgeon, pituitary pathologist, neuroradiologist, radiation oncologist and medical oncologist is key for the management of patients with aggressive pituitary tumours, allowing the successful application of multimodality treatment.

Temozolomide is first-line chemotherapy for aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas.

Further development of novel targeted therapies, such as peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-targeted therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, is needed.
Maltrato infantil
Authors: Fierro Monti Claudia 
Published: October 2021

Sr Editor.
El maltrato infantil es un problema mundial con graves consecuencias que pueden durar toda la vida. La OMS lo define como: “los abusos y la desatención de que son objeto los menores de 18 años, e incluye todos los tipos de maltrato físico o psicológico, abuso sexual, desatención, negligencia y explotación comercial o de otro tipo que causen o puedan causar un daño a la salud, desarrollo o dignidad del niño, o poner en peligro su supervivencia, en el contexto de una relación de responsabilidad, confianza o poder” 1.
Levantamento histórico das comunidades de remanescentes de quilombolos Santa quitéria e Itacoãzinho – Acará – Pará – Brasil
Authors: Da Costa Kamilla Sastre , Da Veiga e Silva Wagner Fernando , Damasceno e Silva Felipe Carlos 
Published: October 2021

Nesta pesquisa, buscamos evidenciar o processo de ocupação do território onde se situam as comunidades de remanescentes de quilombos Santa Quitéria e Itacoãzinho – Acará – Pará e como os moradores percebem as suas vivências no local. Para isso, focamos nas narrativas dos sujeitos da pesquisa adquiridas por meio de entrevistas e complementamos com alguns dados cartográficos e acadêmicos acessados. Em suma, observamos que os dados obtidos através da pesquisa podem subsidiar a elaboração de políticas públicas para as populações da região em estudo.