bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Main Germanic Dialects of Flanders
Authors: Ulianitckaia L. A. , Shumkov A. A. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The article reveals a complicated language situation in the Flemish region of Belgium - a progressing extinction of Germanic dialects, which are historically spread on this territory. Each dialectal group has its unique features, and the West-Flemish and Limburgish groups might have become grounds for particular languages.Methodology and sources. The methodological base consists in a complex approach, combining the comparative-historical and contrastive methods with the method of sociolinguistic interpretation. The investigation is conducted on the language material, collected from different dialectal dictionaries of Dutch, as well as from special linguistic papers on the language situation in Flanders.Results and discussion. The article represents a multiplicity of Germanic dialects, existing on the territory of modern Flanders. A short revue is given on lexical and grammatical peculiarities of four main dialectal groups, as well as on their peculiar phonetics. A special attention is, respectively, paid to the urban dialects of Antwerp, Gent, Bruges and Hasselt. There are analyzed some interferential phenomena, caused by the contact of the investigated dialects with Romanic and Germanic environment and occurring on all language levels - from phonetic to the syntactic ones. It has been suggested, that certain specific grammar forms in Flemish dialects may be result of phonetic interference. For Marols, which originally belongs to the group of Brabant dialects, the juncture between Germanic morphosyntactic structure and Roman lexis is discussed.Conclusion. For the last 20 years the percentage of persons, speaking the Germanic dialects of Flanders, has demonstrated a catastrophic decrease. Along with that, the main features of these dialects (mostly of the Brabant ones) have gone over to an intermediate language “tussentaal”, in both lexis and grammar. This language is being formed inbetween the Germanic dialects and Dutch; the latter is represented in the Flemish region by two variants – standard (common) Dutch and Belgian Dutch. The progressing decrease in the number of persons, speaking the autochthonous dialects of Flanders, is thoughtprovoking towards the exigency to fix the disappearing language variants through a strict scientific way.
Sublime Theology of the Decline of the Soviet Empire. Akat K. Belykh
Authors: Sokolov E. G. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Socio-political disciplines are an important component of the Humanities of the Soviet period of Russian history. Scientific communism, introduced as a compulsory subject in all Higher education institutions of the USSR in the last 30 years of the state's existence, was considered as the final expression of all the theoretical propositions of Marxism-Leninism. The article attempts to consider Scientific communism as a speculative speculative construction that, on the one hand, reproduces the terminological, logical, semantic and operational regulations of classical philosophical systems, and on the other hand, is a privileged mechanism of discursive production. As a typical example of how and through what tools the doctrine is legitimized, the texts of the work of A. K. Belykh, who for almost 30 years headed the Department of the theory of scientific communism at the faculty of philosophy of LSU (now SPBU).Methodology and sources. Methodologically, the work is based on a philosophical analysis of texts representative of the epoch (D. de Tracy, grammar of Port Royal, Soviet Russian philosophers who worked in the Marxist-Leninist tradition, monographs by A. K. Belykh), included in the approved canonical corpus of Marxism-Leninism.Results and discussion. Scientific communism, now virtually removed from historical memory, was an interesting example of how social thought evolved during the Soviet period of Russian history. The corpus of socio-political disciplines, which included Marxist-Leninist philosophy (dialectical materialism and historical materialism), political economy, history of the Communist party of the Soviet Union, and scientific communism, was a single complex of speculative doctrine. All these disciplines, positioned as scientific knowledge, can be fully evaluated only in the context of the main trends in the development of social and philosophical knowledge of the New time, set by the Enlightenment era. Symbolic points of reference here can be considered projects of ”universal grammar” (Port Royal) and ”ideology” (Destute de Tracy).Conclusion. Scientific communism is not an accidental, but characteristic of Russian thought, intellectual construct. Collective, i. e. a large number of people are involved in its implementation, which means it can be considered as a well-formed direction of social thought. Among the historical analogs that use the same strategic and tactical Arsenal of means of expression and discursive fixation, it can be compared and likened to the wellknown speculative constructs of a theological nature: high scholasticism.
Iconicity and Deconstruction: the Prose by Vladimir Nabokov and the 20<sup>th </sup> Century Post-Modernist Philosophy
Authors: Shcherbak N. F. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. This research aims at analyzing the novel by Vladimir Nabokov Transparent Things (1972) from the perspective of post-modernist philosophy. By post-modernist philosophy I mean the post-structural view of the sign theory, that focuses on iconicity, symbolic and iconic nature of the sign, the сoncept of deconstruction, the concept of rhizome, the concept of silence, the concept of différance (as stated by Derrida), the concept of difference and repetition introduced by G. Deleuze. This philosophy is linked to a more general view expressed, for instance, by Derrida (in his work the Gift of Death (Donner la mort)). The main innovative element of this research, therefore, is to study the prose by Nabokov as an example of post-modernist writing simultaneously applying the views and concepts introduced by cognitive linguistics, literary critics and post-modern writers like J. Derrida, U. Eco, R. Barthes.Methodology and sources. The research method used is semantic and structural analysis of the novel by Nabokov Transparent Things. Its main tool is the use of ideas introduced by French poststructuralists regarding the theory of sign, the symbolic nature of language, study of multiple meanings generated by a word in the process of its use and decoding.Results and discussion. The results of this research allow to outline main tendencies in the development of the 20th century narrative. It adheres to the general law of multi-level structure of the novel, play of words and sounds, which corresponds to the general view of difference (as coined by Derrida), deconstruction, rhizome, iconicity of sign. The rhizomorphic structure of the novel at the same time is mirror-like, which allows to apply the difference-repetition dichotomy put forward by G. Deleuze. If the micro-structure of Nabokov’s texts allows to make generalization about the author’s use of language, its macro-structure reveals deeper philosophical notions, implying that the death of the character in the novel leads to the study of the transcendental, or ”the Other” in psychoanalytical terms, thus putting the plot on a different scale of values. The view of language and its structure in its relation to the notion of transparency, allows to see the sign in a Heideggerian way, as bearing the replica of the world, having more in itself about the world, than anything else.Conclusion. The novel Transparent Things by Nabokov falls into the category of similar novels in which the author develops symbolic language and explores its potential, following the general pattern and establishing the rules of narrative construction in postmodern tradition.
The Culture of ”Crossroads”: the Emergency of Blues as a Countercultural Declaration
Authors: Zamotin M. P. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Apart from classical academic musicology, sociology, social anthropology and related disciplines such as sociolinguistics, philology, and cultural studies contributed to the development of research of music and its role in social, interpersonal relations, and individual experiences. The aim of this research is to investigate musical and singing traditions within the context of social relations, historical challenges, and sub-cultures by sociological and social anthropological approaches. In the last decades these research is of relevance for scholars interested in creativity and creative individuals whose impact effect is ambient in current social and political processes. The main tradition can be approached as a socio-cultural phenomenon emerging in the form of sub-culture.Methodology and sources. Methodological b ackground o f t his r esearch i s o f s tructuralfunctional character. Within this framework art and creativity can be approached by various sets of research techniques. Culture of music can be studies both as an object and as a text; hence, textual and contextual approaches are of significance. In result, we can discover reasons motivating people to influence social relations and preconceptions within certain groups and societies. This approach allows the analysis the connections between individual and collective perceptions of people regarding their identities and place in a society. Finally, not only music shapes the context of sociolultural phenomena, but it is the context itself per se. For this paper I used texts and bibliographic data of singers such as follows: Son House, Robert Johnson, Skip James, William Samuel McTell, Edward W. Clayborn.Results and discussion. The analysis of social history of blues in the end of the nineteenth and in the beginning of the twentieth centuries as well as biographies of bluesmen along with the texts of their songs clearly demonstrates poetic motifs, individual and social reflections of different communities. The images such as love and flirt, manqué love, rest from hard work, roads, railways, trains, abandoned home with simultaneous lack of home, prison, illness, death and cemetery as well as the demonstration of all the listed images by socially oriented creativity in music, represents deep forms of marginality of those who sing it out in front of respected citizens living normal lives.Conclusion. The material scrutinized in this paper clearly shoes that blues as a genre of music along with bluesmen who are representatives of a certain sub-culture, constitute a coherent social system which can be characterized a s a c ounter-culture. This social and cultural phenomenon in a way we encounter it derived from marginal status of its representatives. This marginal status becomes visible in blues as emotion and soulreflection to a large degree contradictory to the idea of respectable citizens and so-called “right way of life”.
Internet Debates: Generations X, Y and Z
Authors: Elagin G. B. , Mikirtumov I. B. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The theory of generations by Neil Howe and William Strauss has become an integral part of “folk sociology” today, so that everyone somehow asks the question of which generational group he / she belongs to and what behavior is expected of him / her, in particular, in network communications. The behavior of representatives of different generational groups in network disputes based on self-identification remains no sufficiently investigated. In this article we present the results of an argumentative and pragmatic analysis of the specifics of the argumentation of representatives of generations X (born in the p eriod f rom 1 967 to 1981), Y ( born f rom 1 982 t o 2 003) and Z ( born a fter 2004), who fell into an uncomfortable situation of a network dispute.Methodology and sources. The research is of a qualitative nature and its task is to formulate well-grounded assumptions about the connections of generational groups with certain argumentative means, among which are rhetorical techniques, sociolect, speech actions. The material of the study was comments on entries in thematic groups, discussions in chats and on the ”walls” of social networks (”VKontakte”, ”Facebook”, ”Instagram”), as well as some other sources (”Avito”, ”Twitter”, ”Snob.ru”). The selection of material is focused on finding the typical. The research focuses on uncomfortable for the participants moments of disputes, understood as situations that are most prompting for an identifying self-presentation.Results and discussion. The materials studied make it possible to formulate the following assumptions. First, representatives of generations X, Y and Z use different techniques in difficult situations of network disputes. X apply the classic ”argument to age”. Y use the sociolect of trust and immediacy to shift the focus of the dispute, while in other cases they resort to a sociolect that contains a morally binding component. For Y a network dispute engenders a minimum of commitment and easily turns into a rhetorical skill competition. Z view network disputes as a platform for resolving negative affects. In an uncomfortable situation they use the techniques of verbal aggression, shifting the focus of the dispute to the justification of this very action. All three groups act in anticipation of the support of a sympathetic audience. The described types of behavior identify the representative of the generational group as for other participants in communication.Conclusion. The features of generational groups, which are indicated by sociological data, convincingly explain the strategy of behavior of their representatives in difficult situations of network disputes. But it should be borne in mind that such strategies themselves and the argumentative and linguistic means suggested by them become patterns of generational identity. The socio-cultural dynamics of generations is therefore also associated with how these patterns will change in connection with changes in the network communication environment.
Social Behavior of the City Government and Citizens of the Metropolis during a Pandemic (for Example St Petersburg)
Authors: Eliseev S. M. , Glukhikh V. A. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The coronavirus has become a serious test for national and regional power and management systems. Many systems have demonstrated their effectiveness and flexibility, competence and coherence. But there were also cases when erroneous decisions were made at the regional and even national levels. The purpose of this article is to determine the main trends in changes in the social behavior of the city government and citizens of St Petersburg in the context of the coronavirus pandemic.Methodology and sources. The article is based on classical and modern theories of urban sociology, sociology of the formation and functioning of public spaces and public life in a modern city, data from urban statistics on COVID incidence and empirical observations.Results and discussion. From the very beginning, the city government of Saint Petersburg became the center of coordination and mobilization of all city resources to overcome the pandemic. However, it is not always possible to manage the available resources correctly and effectively. One of the reasons for the inefficient use of available resources was that the government did not define a strategy to combat the coronavirus pandemic from the very beginning. Decisions were made situationally, sometimes inconsistently. It is worth noting that, despite the restrictions imposed, the social behavior patterns of a significant part of citizens have not changed significantly, but have only been transformed into hybrid social practices.Conclusion. The study described the existing normative and hybrid models of social behavior of the government and citizens in the public space of the city in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, identified the most affected types of social relations (local-local) and local spaces (trade, entertainment, etc.) in which new social norms are most often violated.
Portrait of a Russian Homeschooler’s Family: Results of an Online Poll
Authors: Yashina M. N. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The practice of obtaining family education has become a fashionable trend in our country in recent years. Despite the growing popularity among the population, we have not yet received enough scientific understanding of this form of training. The purpose of the article is to describe the social portrait of families who have chosen a family form of education for a child. The scientific novelty of the work is due to the empirical data presented in it, which have a dynamic nature of observing the studied object.Methodology and sources. The methodological basis for the study was the conflict approach and the principles of a radical humanistic approach to education in the interpretation of I. Illich. The empirical basis of the study is the results of three surveys of parents o f c hildren f rom 6 t o 1 8 y ears o ld w ho are o n f amily e ducation. S urveys w ere implemented from 2016 to 2020, according to the same methodology and tools. To collect data, a questionnaire for an online survey was developed, which was distributed on social networks, mainly in VKontakte communities dedicated to family education. The total data set includes 443 respondents.Results and discussion. According to surveys, children in family education grow up in full families, where the parent's ode has a high level of education, the mother, as a rule, does not work or has the possibility of a free schedule and is a teacher for the child. The main source of income in the family is the father. The total income of the family, which averages from 40 to 60 thousand rubles per month. In the family, most often two children, one of whom is in family education. Family education is mainly provided with primary school children.Conclusion. The peculiarity of studying family education not only in our country, but also in the world is the lack of accurate statistics on the number of children of homeschoolers. In this regard, only non-random samples are possible in the implementation. The portrait of Russian homeschoolers differs from American ones, in particular in the level at which family education is implemented, the place of residence of families, and their income.
Cancer Narratives in Instagram: Self-presentation of Cancer Patients
Authors: Silantieva V. G. , Kozhokina A. V. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The paper aims to establish whether cancer discourse can alter when being communicated via social networks. We supposed that every platform has intrinsic characteristics which might affect the way certain topics are being delivered. Because there has been much criticism from the cancer community about the media representation, we decided to observe what might be called an alternative discourse of cancer of social networks. Therefore, we chose to review Instagram accounts of two cancer influencers, who aspire to revise existing stereotypes about people with an incurable disease.Methodology and sources. The chosen methodology includes the statistical concordance analysis, Metaphorical Identification Procedure (MIP), structural semantic and syntactic studies of two narratives organized as a minicorpus. The combined approach was employed to reveal lexical markers of both cancer discourse and Instagram narratives in the narratives of two Insta influencers Nicky Newman and Laura Hughes.Results and discussion. The results of the study suggest that Instagram narratives of cancer patients differ from other texts about cancer. Bloggers strive to maintain constant simultaneous communication with a large number of people; therefore, their texts are designed to be entertaining, involving and diverse in subject matter. When narrating about their life with the cancer diagnosis, bloggers broadcast a positive media image of a happygo-lucky person. In the narratives chosen for this study, there is hardly an example of the CANCER-WAR metaphor. The main ways of conceptualizing cancer are the CANCERCONSPIRACY, CANCER-JOURNEY, CANCER-COHABITANT metaphors.Conclusion. Quantitative analysis of the English language corpus aimed at identifying key words and concordances of the lexeme ”cancer”, does not help fully define the cancer discourse. It is necessary to further research into the obtained data. Consequently, it is necessary to take into account the genre of ”cancer” narratives.
Performance of Embeded of Precast Beam Type Wet and Dry Joint at Maximum Moment
Authors: Hermawan A. Rudi , Mulya Eka Sasmita 
Published: January 2021

Research of perform of embedded precast beam was result many data (a) average tensile strength of joint between plate embedeed with plate joint was 628,55 Mpa (b)average tensile strength of joint between plate with reinforce bar D12,59 was 597,16 Mpa for tensile strength of plate with failure at reinforce bar (c) average tensile strength of reinforce bar D12,59 was 605,23 Mpa and yield strength was 425,87 Mpa (d)average tensile strength of plate 4,58 mm thick was 456,86 Mpa and yield strength was 335,02 Mpa. For welded joint need several control quality so that no hole in that perform of welded couse can decrease tensile strength of joint. Conclusion of this research is embedded for precast concrete type wet and dry can be used for construction of joints of beam.
Green Building Concept with The World’s Largest Seismic Isolated Hospital in Turkey
Authors: Solak Kemal 
Published: January 2021

Certification systems used to test green buildings have become popular nowadays. In addition, there has been a gradual increase in the involvement of the players in the construction sector and public awareness of sustainability. These systems, which are useful in mitigating the building's environmental impacts, reveal difficulties in their implementation, especially for devoloping countries. Because of the problems affecting the population, such as air pollution and health problems, most world states came together and held conferences to take joint binding decisions. In Turkey, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is first on the total number of certified green buildings, followed by the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) and the German Sustainable Building Council (DGNB). This article summarizes the methodology used by some of these rating methods, shows a comparative approach between these rating systems, and provides an overview of how green building relates to sustainable development practices. Lastly, the building of the hospital was analyzed using LEED certification system as a case study and the differences in the results were evaluated.