bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of positive psychology interventions in Arab countries: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Basurrah Asma , Lambert Louise , Setti Annalisa , Murphy Mike , Warren Meg , Shrestha Topaz , di Blasi Zelda 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionDespite the growing volume of published studies on the effects of positive psychology interventions (PPIs), little is known about their effectiveness outside of Western countries, particularly in Arab countries. As the effectiveness of PPIs in this region remains unclear, a systematic review focusing on this area of research can offer a valuable contribution. Here, we present a protocol for the first systematic review that aims to examine the effects of PPIs on increasing well-being, quality of life and resilience and decreasing depression, anxiety and stress for both health and clinical, child and adult populations in Arab countries.Methods and analysisThis protocol is carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines. A systematic literature search for studies up to 30 April 2021 will be conducted in the following electronic databases: PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Dar Al Mandumah and Al Manhal. Experimental/quasi-experimental quantitative studies evaluating the effects of PPIs on healthy and clinical participants of all ages in the 22 Arab countries will be included. Outcomes will include psychological effects of PPIs on dimensions related to well-being (eg, happiness), quality of life, resilience, depression, anxiety and stress. The risk of bias will be evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. A narrative synthesis with tables of study characteristics will be provided. A meta-analysis will be included if outcomes allow; in this instance, subgroups analysis will be conducted, depending on the data gathered, to examine differences in effect sizes based on age group, population type, duration of intervention and type of intervention.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was not required for the performance of this systematic review. We intend to publish the study in a peer-reviewed journal and share the findings at relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020198092.
Protocol for developing a healthcare transition intervention for young people with spinal cord injuries using a participatory action research approach
Authors: Bray Emily Alice , George Ajesh , Everett Bronwyn , Salamonson Yenna , Ramjan Lucie 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionWhile healthcare transition (HCT) interventions are recognised as an important area in paediatric rehabilitation, there has been limited research focusing on young people with spinal cord injuries (SCI). In this study, researchers will collaborate with young people with SCI and their parents/caregivers to develop, implement and evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a HCT intervention aimed at supporting young people with SCI during their transition from paediatric to adult healthcare services.Methods and analysisA participatory action research (PAR) approach will be used to co-develop the HCT intervention with young people with SCI aged 14–25 years and their parents/caregivers. Three phases will be conducted to address the five objectives of this study. Phase 1 will use semi-structured interviews to explore young people and parent/caregivers’ experiences of HCT. In Phase 2a, both young people and parent/caregivers will be co-researchers. They will be included in the analysis of the interviews and will be asked to participate in co-design workshops to inform the development of a prototype HCT intervention. In Phase 2b, using focus groups, feedback on the prototype HCT intervention will be collected. In Phase 3, the refined prototype HCT intervention will be implemented, and young people with SCI and parent/caregivers will evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the HCT intervention in semi-structured interviews. A reference group, including stakeholders and end users, will be consulted at different time points.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethics approval from Western Sydney University Human Research and Ethics Committee (H14029). The researcher will use the results of this study as chapters in a thesis to obtain a Doctor of Philosophy degree. The findings will be disseminated via publication in peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at local, national or international conferences.Trial registration numberACTRN12621000500853
Damage control laparotomy in trauma: a pilot randomized controlled trial. The DCL trial
Authors: Harvin John A , Adams Sasha D , Dodwad Shah-Jahan M , Isbell Kayla D , Pedroza Claudia , Green Charles , Tyson Jon E , Taub Ethan A , Meyer David E , Moore Laura J , Albarado Rondel , McNutt Michelle K , Kao Lillian S , Wade Charles E , Holcomb John B 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundAlthough widely used in treating severe abdominal trauma, damage control laparotomy (DCL) has not been assessed in any randomized controlled trial. We conducted a pilot trial among patients for whom our surgeons had equipoise and hypothesized that definitive laparotomy (DEF) would reduce major abdominal complications (MAC) or death within 30 days compared with DCL.MethodsEligible patients undergoing emergency laparotomy were randomized during surgery to DCL or DEF from July 2016 to May 2019. The primary outcome was MAC or death within 30 days. Prespecified frequentist and Bayesian analyses were performed.ResultsOf 489 eligible patients, 39 patients were randomized (DCL 18, DEF 21) and included. Groups were similar in demographics and mechanism of injury. The DEF group had a higher Injury Severity Score (DEF median 34 (IQR 20, 43) vs DCL 29 (IQR 22, 41)) and received more prerandomization blood products (DEF median red blood cells 8 units (IQR 6, 11) vs DCL 6 units (IQR 2, 11)). In unadjusted analyses, the DEF group had more MAC or death within 30 days (1.71, 95% CI 0.81 to 3.63, p=0.159) due to more deaths within 30 days (DEF 33% vs DCL 0%, p=0.010). Adjustment for Injury Severity Score and prerandomization blood products reduced the risk ratio for MAC or death within 30 days to 1.54 (95% CI 0.71 to 3.32, p=0.274). The Bayesian probability that DEF increased MAC or death within 30 days was 85% in unadjusted analyses and 66% in adjusted analyses.ConclusionThe findings of our single center pilot trial were inconclusive. Outcomes were not worse with DCL and, in fact, may have been better. A randomized clinical trial of DCL is feasible and a larger, multicenter trial is needed to compare DCL and DEF for patients with severe abdominal trauma.Level of evidenceLevel II.
The $$P_{cs}(4459)$$ pentaquark from a combined effective field theory and phenomenological perspective
Authors: Peng Fang-Zheng , Yan Mao-Jun , Sánchez Sánchez Mario , Pavon Valderrama Manuel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe observation of the $$P_{cs}(4459)$$

P

cs

(
4459
)

by the LHCb collaboration adds a new member to the set of known hidden-charm pentaquarks, which includes the $$P_c(4312)$$

P
c

(
4312
)

, $$P_c(4440)$$

P
c

(
4440
)

and $$P_c(4457)$$

P
c

(
4457
)

. The $$P_{cs}(4459)$$

P

cs

(
4459
)

is expected to have the light-quark content of a $$\Lambda $$
Λ
baryon ($$I=0$$

I
=
0

, $$S=-1$$

S
=
-
1

), but its spin is unknown. Its closeness to the $${\bar{D}}^* \Xi _c$$

D

¯

∗

Ξ
c

threshold – $$4478\,{\mathrm{MeV}}$$

4478

MeV

in the isospin-symmetric limit – suggests the molecular hypothesis as a plausible explanation for the $$P_{cs}(4459)$$

P

cs

(
4459
)

. While in the absence of coupled-channel dynamics heavy-quark spin symmetry predicts the two spin-states of the $${\bar{D}}^* \Xi _c$$

D

¯

∗

Ξ
c

to be degenerate, power counting arguments indicate that the coupling with the nearby $${\bar{D}} \Xi _c'$$

D

¯

Ξ
c
′

and $${\bar{D}} \Xi _c^*$$

D

¯

Ξ
c
∗

channels might be a leading order effect. This generates a hyperfine splitting in which the $$J=\tfrac{3}{2}$$

J
=

3
2

$${\bar{D}}^* \Xi _c$$

D

¯

∗

Ξ
c

pentaquark will be lighter than the $$J=\tfrac{1}{2}$$

J
=

1
2

configuration, which we estimate to be of the order of $$5-15\,{\mathrm{MeV}}$$

5
-
15

MeV

. We also point out an accidental symmetry between the $$P_{cs}(4459)$$

P

cs

(
4459
)

and $$P_c(4440/4457)$$

P
c

(
4440
/
4457
)

potentials. Finally, we argue that the spectroscopy and the $$J/\psi \Lambda $$

J
/
ψ
Λ

decays of the $$P_{cs}(4459)$$

P

cs

(
4459
)

might suggest a marginal preference for $$J = \tfrac{3}{2}$$

J
=

3
2

over $$J = \tfrac{1}{2}$$

J
=

1
2

.
Maxwell wave packets in de Sitter expanding universe
Authors: Cotăescu Ion I. , Cotăescu Ion 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study for the first time the propagation of the packets of plane waves of the Maxwell free field in the de Sitter expanding universe as detected by an observer staying at rest in his proper frame with physical de Sitter–Painlevé coordinates. This observes an accelerate propagation of the wave packet along to a null geodesic, laying out a severe exponential decay and a moderate dispersion, increasing exponentially in time during propagation. The example we give is the usual anisotropic Gaussian packet for which we present a short graphical analysis pointing out the accelerated propagation, decay and dispersion. Moreover, we show that the observer perceives his horizon as a mirror stopping the wave packets prepared on it and reflecting those prepared beyond it.
Thin-shell wormholes in $$(2+1)$$-dimensional F(R) theories
Authors: Bejarano Cecilia , Eiroa Ernesto F. , Figueroa-Aguirre Griselda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe construct a broad family of thin-shell wormholes with circular symmetry in $$(2+1)$$

(
2
+
1
)

-dimensional F(R) theories of gravity, with constant scalar curvature R. We study the stability of the static configurations under perturbations preserving the symmetry. We present examples of charged thin-shell wormholes which are asymptotically anti-de Sitter at both sides of the throat. We show that stable solutions are possible when suitable values of the parameters are taken.
Study of plasma dynamics in the HET relying on global thruster characteristics parameterized with discharge voltage
Authors: Szelecka A. , Jakubczak M. , Riazantsev A. , Kurzyna J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA prototype of krypton Hall-effect thruster (HET) of 0.5 kW nominal power and a dedicated diagnostic system for ion current collection were designed in the laboratory of plasma space propulsion (PlaNS) of the Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM) in Warsaw. The diagnostic system consisting of a collimated Faraday Cup (FC) and a Planar Probe with Guarding Ring, named also Faraday Probe (FP) was intended to capture both temporal and spatial ion current variation, allowing to analyze not only ion current dynamics locally but also to estimate the total ion current value and a plasma jet divergence. Reliable engine operation provided by stability of plasma in a discharge channel of the thruster is unambiguously reflected in the oscillations of the discharge current. The so-called breathing mode, categorized as ionization instability with frequencies in the range of 10–30 kHz, is commonly recognized in the HET’s discharge current. Rising of instabilities makes it difficult to increase the specific impulse effectively by just simply attempting to operate thruster in high-voltage regime because it may result in very irregular thruster functioning and often to ceasing of plasma. Discharge current oscillations should also be strongly reflected in the ion current. Indeed, a similar to discharge current behavior was observed in the recorded FC and FP ion current signals. By changing thruster operating conditions, like discharge voltage and magnitude of B-field, transitions between smooth and oscillating current regimes were examined. Studying the ion current dynamics seems particularly important, since it is predicted that the control of discharge instabilities may be crucial to improve the performance of HETs in the future.
Revolution in techniques: temporal
Authors: Anderson David E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter reviews the progress made between the years 1965 and 2000 in temporal techniques and their importance for the study of landforms. The chapter begins with discussion of advances in chronostratigraphy and of the important contributions to geomorphology that came from palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, notably through the study of marine sediments and ice cores. A more detailed discussion then follows of developments and advances in dating methods, grouped by radiometric and radiometric-related, incremental, age-equivalent markers, and relative, with emphasis on the ways in which the new techniques opened up new avenues in the study of landforms.
Genetic Improvement of Data for Maths Functions
Authors: Langdon William B. , Krauss Oliver 
Published: July 2021

We use continuous optimisation and manual code changes to evolve up to 1024 Newton-Raphson numerical values embedded in an open source GNU C library glibc square root sqrt to implement a double precision cube root routine cbrt, binary logarithm log2 and reciprocal square root function for C in seconds. The GI inverted square root
x
-1/2
is far more accurate than Quake’s InvSqrt, Quare root. GI shows potential for automatically creating mobile or low resource mote smart dust bespoke custom mathematical libraries with new functionality.
Optimal Atlas Segmentation on CT Images for Diagnosis of Pediatric Mycoplasma Pneumonia
Authors: Cheng Chunhong , Wang Junyan , Li Hongbo , Wang Liang 
Published: July 2021

This work aimed to explore the clinical application value of CT imaging technology based on the optimal Atlas segmentation algorithm (OASA) in the diagnosis of pediatric mycoplasma pneumonia (MP). Eighty-eight children with MP were selected and divided into group A (CT image based on the OASA) and group B (chest X-ray) according to the diagnosis methods. The detection rate, image feature performance, and image quality satisfaction of the two groups of children were compared. The results showed that the detection rate of group A was 97.73% and that of group B was 95.46%, and there was no considerable difference between the two (

P

> 0.05). The pleural effusion detection rate of children in group A was evidently superior to that of X-ray group, while the increased bronchovascular shadows’ detection rate was greatly inferior to that of X-ray group (

P

< 0.05). Comparison results of nodules’ shadows, patchy shadows, acinar parenchyma shadows, and interstitial infiltration between two groups showed that there was no notable difference (

P

> 0.05). CT image quality satisfaction (98.50%) was higher versus X-ray (79.46%) (

P

< 0.05). To sum up, CT images based on the OASA can be adopted in the clinical diagnosis of pediatric MP, and CT images were better than chest X-rays.
The Influence of the Use of Whole Grain Flour from Sprouted Wheat Grain on the Rheological and Microstructural Properties of Dough and Bread
Authors: Naumenko Natalia , Potoroko Irina , Kalinina Irina , Fatkullin Rinat , Ivanisova Eva 
Published: July 2021

Whole wheat flour from sprouted wheat grain is a full-fledged raw ingredient containing essential amino acids, easily digestible sugars, and dietary fiber, with increased digestibility and enzymatic activity. The use of this raw material in the production of food products will contribute to the creation of products for a healthy diet of the population. This study is aimed at studying the possibility of using whole grain flour from sprouted wheat in the production of bread and its effect on the rheological and microstructural properties of dough and finished products. It was found that whole wheat flour from sprouted wheat grain had an even particle size and was characterized by a uniform distribution of particles over the size range (from 53 to 209 microns—

61
±
3
%

); large particles from 297 to 497 microns were present in an amount of no more than

10
±
3
%

. The replacement of 20% refined flour with whole wheat flour from sprouted wheat grain resulted in better values of the farinograph quality index (

200
±
3

mm). The bread obtained according to this recipe had a high specific volume (

4.21
±
0.62

mL.g-1) and optimal rheological characteristics: total deformation

13.7
±
0.3

mm, plastic

4.3
±
0.3

mm, and elastic

9.4
±
0.3

mm. The study of the microstructure of dough and bread also confirmed the established dependencies. This percentage of replacement of refined flour with whole wheat flour from sprouted wheat grain can be recommended as the best for obtaining bread of good quality with high rheological characteristics.
Metformin Increases Protein Phosphatase 2A Activity in Primary Human Skeletal Muscle Cells Derived from Lean Healthy Participants
Authors: Mestareehi Aktham , Zhang Xiangmin , Seyoum Berhane , Msallaty Zaher , Mallisho Abdullah , Burghardt Kyle Jon , Kowluru Anjaneyulu , Yi Zhengping 
Published: July 2021

Context. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is one of the primary contributors of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Metformin is the first-line drug for the treatment of T2D. The primary effects of metformin include decreasing glucose production in the liver and decreasing insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle. However, the molecular mechanism of metformin’s action in skeletal muscle is not well understood. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a major serine/threonine protein phosphatase, plays a pivotal role in cellular processes, such as signal transduction, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, and acts through dephosphorylating key signaling molecules such as AKT and AMPK. However, whether PP2A plays a role in metformin-induced insulin sensitivity improvement in human skeletal muscle cells remains to be elucidated. Objective. To investigate if PP2A plays a role in metformin-induced insulin sensitivity improvement in human skeletal muscle cells. Participants. Eight lean insulin-sensitive nondiabetic participants (4 females and 4 males; age:

21.0
±
1.0

years; BMI:

22.0
±
0.7

kg
/

m

2

; 2-hour OGTT:

97.0
±
6.0

mg
/
dl

; HbA1c:

5.3
±
0.1
%

; fasting plasma glucose:

87.0
±
2.0

mg
/
dl

;

M

value;

11.0
±
1.0

mg
/
kgBW
/
min

). Design. A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed to assess insulin sensitivity in human subjects, and skeletal muscle biopsy samples were obtained. Primary human skeletal muscle cells (shown to retain metabolic characteristics of donors) were cultured from these muscle biopsies that included 8 lean insulin-sensitive participants. Cultured cells were expanded, differentiated into myotubes, and treated with 50 μM metformin for 24 hours before harvesting. PP2Ac activity was measured by a phosphatase activity assay kit (Millipore) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Results. The results indicated that metformin significantly increased the activity of PP2A in the myotubes for all 8 lean insulin-sensitive nondiabetic participants, and the average fold increase is

1.54
±
0.11

(

P
<
0.001

). Conclusions. These results provided the first evidence that metformin can activate PP2A in human skeletal muscle cells derived from lean healthy insulin-sensitive participants and may help to understand metformin’s action in skeletal muscle in humans.
Inhibition of HIPK2 Alleviates Thoracic Aortic Disease in Mice With Progressively Severe Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Caescu Cristina I. , Hansen Jens , Crockett Brittany , Xiao Wenzhen , Arnaud Pauline , Spronck Bart , Weinberg Alan , Hashimoto Takeshi , Murtada Sae-Il , Borkar Roshan , Gallo James M. , Jondeau Guillaume , Boileau Catherine , Humphrey Jay D. , He John Cijiang , Iyengar Ravi , Ramirez Francesco 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
Despite considerable research, the goal of finding nonsurgical remedies against thoracic aortic aneurysm and acute aortic dissection remains elusive. We sought to identify a novel aortic PK (protein kinase) that can be pharmacologically targeted to mitigate aneurysmal disease in a well-established mouse model of early-onset progressively severe Marfan syndrome (MFS).

Approach and Results:

Computational analyses of transcriptomic data derived from the ascending aorta of MFS mice predicted a probable association between thoracic aortic aneurysm and acute aortic dissection development and the multifunctional, stress-activated HIPK2 (homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2). Consistent with this prediction,
Hipk2
gene inactivation significantly extended the survival of MFS mice by slowing aneurysm growth and delaying transmural rupture. HIPK2 also ranked among the top predicted PKs in computational analyses of DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in the dilated aorta of 3 MFS patients, which strengthened the clinical relevance of the experimental finding. Additional in silico analyses of the human and mouse data sets identified the TGF (transforming growth factor)-β/Smad3 signaling pathway as a potential target of HIPK2 in the MFS aorta. Chronic treatment of MFS mice with an allosteric inhibitor of HIPK2-mediated stimulation of Smad3 signaling validated this prediction by mitigating thoracic aortic aneurysm and acute aortic dissection pathology and partially improving aortic material stiffness.

Conclusions:
HIPK2 is a previously unrecognized determinant of aneurysmal disease and an attractive new target for antithoracic aortic aneurysm and acute aortic dissection multidrug therapy.
HE4 Predicts Progressive Fibrosis and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yamamoto Masahiro , Hanatani Shinsuke , Araki Satoshi , Izumiya Yasuhiro , Yamada Toshihiro , Nakanishi Nobuhiro , Ishida Toshifumi , Yamamura Satoru , Kimura Yuichi , Arima Yuichiro , Nakamura Taishi , Takashio Seiji , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Sakamoto Kenji , Kaikita Koichi , Matsushita Kenichi , Morimoto Sachio , Ito Takaaki , Tsujita Kenichi 
Published: July 2021

Background
Cardiac fibrosis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). HE4 (human epididymis protein 4) is a secretory protein expressed in activated fibroblasts that exacerbates tissue fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated the clinical utility of HE4 measurement in patients with DCM and its pathophysiological role in preclinical experiments in vivo and in vitro.

Methods and Results

We measured serum HE4 levels of 87 patients with DCM. Endomyocardial biopsy expressed severe fibrosis only in the high HE4 group (
P
<0.0001). Echocardiography showed that left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter tends to decrease over time (58±7.3 to 51±6.6 mm;
P
<0.0001) in the low HE4 group (<59.65 pmol/L [median value]). HE4 was significantly associated with risk reduction of mortality and cardiovascular hospitalization in multivariate Cox model. In vivo, HE4 was highly expressed in kidney and lung tissue of mouse, and scarcely expressed in heart. In genetically induced DCM mouse model, HE4 expression increased in kidney but not in heart and lung. In vitro, supernatant from HE4‐transfected human embryonic kidney 293T cells enhanced transdifferentiation of rat neonatal fibroblasts and increased expression of fibrosis‐related genes, and this was accompanied by the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signaling in cardiac fibroblasts. Treatment with an inhibitor of upstream signal of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase or a neutralizing HE4 antibody canceled the profibrotic properties of HE4.

Conclusions
HE4 functions as a secretory factor, activating cardiac fibroblasts, thereby inducing cardiac interstitial fibrosis. HE4 could be a promising biomarker for assessing ongoing fibrosis and a novel therapeutic target in DCM.

Registration

URL:
https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi‐open‐bin/ctr
; Unique identifier: UMIN000043062.