bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: Development of a Solid Phase Extraction-based Method for Quantitative Analysis of Methylmercury in Soil and Sediment
Authors: Kakimoto Sachiko , Yoshimitsu Masato , Kiyota Kyohei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) pollution is currently widespread in paddy soil and sediment, posing a health hazard risk during the harvesting of rice grains. However, to date, a simple and universal method for quantifying MeHg in the soil is unavailable. Therefore, we aimed to develop a solid-phase extraction-based method using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In this study, MeHg was purified from the soil matrix using optimized solid-phase extraction; our method reduced the use of organic solvents and did not require harmful reagents such as alkaline solution and toluene. The limit of quantification in the sample was determined to be 7.5 ng/g. The MeHg recovery in reference samples was 96.2–102.6%, and intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 3.4–7.1% and 4.3–7.1%, respectively, indicating high validation performance. Furthermore, the MeHg levels of the five tested reference samples were determined to be 64.1 ng/g or not detected, and these levels were well below the Japanese regulatory criteria. This new method could provide reliable and useful data for environmentalists and agriculturalists to prevent MeHg pollution, facilitating the improvement of food safety for harvests from paddy soil.
Occupational Categorization of female Work Force in Kashmir Himalayas, India
Authors: Dev Aisha , Ganaie M. Imran , Abida Dar , Mayer Ishtiaq A. , Singh Harmeet 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Occupational classification has been a subject of many experiments. From the definition of a worker to their attribution to a particular category of occupation. Multiple attempts have been made in understanding and explaining the same. The present paper attempts to take the case of female workforce and delves into the subject of categorizing their prevalence across the Kashmir valley (geographic unit), which by and large corresponds to Kashmir Division (administrative unit) in a comprehensible manner. The researcher adopts the Standard deviation method to do so. Using the standard deviations observed for each occupational category, the researcher proposes a rank table visualizing the target area employing a standard deviation-based occupational coding. Based on the rank table it is observed that amongst the female workforce the primary sector is dominant in Ganderbal and Kulgam districts, secondary sector in Shopian, Pulwama and Kulgam, tertiary sector in Srinagar and Budgam and the Quaternary/Quinary sectors in Srinagar, Anantnag and Pulwama districts. The standard deviation method adopted in this paper has led to a satisfactory representation of the occupational distribution observed in the sample area. The occupational coding of the target districts using this method not only makes it easier to visualize the occupational trends but also gives us a clear sense of variation (positive and negative) amongst these categories across the districts.
Prediction of herb-drug interactions involving consumption of furanocoumarin-mixtures and cytochrome P450 1A2-mediated caffeine metabolism inhibition in humans
Authors: Alehaideb Zeyad Ibrahim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Herb-drug interaction (HDI) has become important due to the increasing popularity of natural product consumption worldwide. HDI is difficult to predict as botanical drugs usually contain complex phytochemical-mixtures which interact with drug metabolism. Currently, there is no pharmacological tool to predict HDI since almost all in vitro-in vivo-extrapolation (IVIVE) Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) models deal with one inhibitor-drug and one victim-drug. The objectives were to modify IVIVE models of Mayhew et al. (2000) and Wang et al. (2004) for prediction of in vivo interaction between caffeine and furanocoumarin-containing herbs, and to confirm model prediction by comparing the predictive results with experimental data. The models were modified to predict in vivo herb-caffeine interaction using the same set of inhibition constants but different integrated dose/concentration of furanocoumarin mixtures in the liver. Different hepatic inlet inhibitor concentration ([I]H) surrogates were used for each furanocoumarin. In the Mayhew et al., the [I]H was predicted using the concentration-addition model for chemical-mixtures. In the Wang et al., the [I]H was calculated by adding individual furanocoumarins together. Once [I]H was determined, the models predicted an area-under-curve-ratio (AUCR) of each interaction. The results indicate that both models were able to predict the experimental AUCR of herbal products reasonably well.
Community satisfaction with Enhanced Community Health Workers Activities in Mukono District, Uganda
Authors: Kabali Kenneth , Bulafu Douglas , Behringer Hannah , O’Donovan James , O'Niel Edward , Macrae Mackenzie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Although the community health workers’ (CHWs) / volunteer health teams’ (VHTs) work is widely appreciated, some households do resist their interventions, and figures of authority sometimes question their manner and ability. Despite critical shortage of health workers’ world-over, little has been done to explore whether community health workers satisfy the people they serve. To fill this VHT training and support gap, Omni Med Uganda, a local Non-Governmental Organization in Uganda, has been implementing an enhanced hybrid VHT program since 2008. This study aimed at assessing community satisfaction with the CHW activities involved the enhanced CHW program.
Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was employed. Qualitative data was collected from 217 participants using semi-structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, proportions, and means were performed for socio-demographic characteristics, Community satisfaction, and CHW activities. Prevalence Ratios (PR) were used to determine association between Community satisfaction and enhanced CHW activities.
Results

Majority of the respondents 81.1% (176/217) reported that the performance of the CHWs was satisfactory to maintain their health and that of their families. CHW activities such as confirming sick persons (APR:1.26 :95%CI (1.01–1.44), mobilization for cook stove building, (APR: 1.18: 95%CI (1.04–1.34), and monthly visits at participant’s homes (APR: 1.17: 95%CI (1.01–1.35) were positively associated with community satisfaction.
Conclusion

Enhancement of CHW activities should be considered during CHW programs. However, CHW performance should also be considered because community satisfaction does not imply high performance by CHWs and adherence to health interventions by the community.
Mencari Bentuk Pembelajaran Rancang Kota dalam Konteks Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru
Authors: Widyastuti Dyah Titisari 
Published: August 2021

Title: Seeking Appropriate Approach for Urban Design Learning under the New Normal Condition

Basically, it is urgently needed to build appropriate learning methods in the current pandemic condition, where the teaching and learning process at various levels of education demands a major change from what originally took place face-to-face in educational institution classrooms to turning into screen-to-screen in the personal spaces of individual respective environments. This should not be as simple as simply transferring class material onto a computer screen, but more than that, how the pedagogical aspects of each discipline must be fulfilled, how learning competencies can be fulfilled equivalent to learning under normal conditions. Design learning basically cannot be separated from learning the process of designing in a studio, where pedagogically integrates a learner-centered approach, methods of interaction between learners, and the studio as a physical and social space that forms an atmosphere that triggers creativity. Likewise in urban design learning is based on not only a theoretical component but also an empirical component. This study aims to develop content and learning methods for urban design, that cannot be separated from its pedagogical aspects, as a form of adaptation of urban design learning norms during the pandemic period and their potential as an alternative learning method in the future.
Weak integrability breaking and level spacing distribution
Authors: Szász-Schagrin Dávid , Pozsgay Balázs , Takacs Gabor 
Published: August 2021

Recently it was suggested that certain perturbations of integrable
spin chains lead to a weak breaking of integrability in the sense that
integrability is preserved at the first order in the coupling. Here we
examine this claim using level spacing distribution. We find that the
volume dependent crossover between integrable and chaotic level spacing
statistics {which marks the onset of quantum chaotic behaviour, is
markedly different for weak vs. strong breaking of integrability. In
particular}, for the gapless case we find that the crossover coupling as
a function of the volume LL
scales with a 1/L^{2}1/L2
law for weak breaking as opposed to the 1/L^{3}1/L3
law previously found for the strong case.
Automatic sampling of seawater quality based on electric propulsion unmanned ship
Authors: Xu Tao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In many sea areas, toxic and harmful chemicals vastly exceed the standard, which not only has had a very bad impact on the survival of marine organisms, but also damages the safety of edible groundwater. With the continuous development of artificial intelligence and deep learning, the most efficient and safe method to detect seawater is with unmanned ship. By processing and fusing the images transmitted by the two radars, the common advantages of the two sensors are integrated, and the comprehensiveness of the unmanned aerial vehicle's (UAV;s) perception of the surrounding environment is improved. In order to improve the accuracy and safety of UAV offshore operations, this study designed an electric propulsion unmanned ship and its automatic control system according to the requirements of water quality sampling. Based on the small body theory, the model of an unmanned ship with the least resistance and the best safety is designed. According to the requirements of water quality sampling in sea areas, the vessel was equipped with collection and analysis systems to measure six elements of water quality. The Realizable k-e turbulence model was used to simulate the self-recovery ability of an unmanned ship under wave disturbance. Theoretically, the unmanned ship can achieve self-righting in 4.25 s. For actual navigation, the unmanned ship can effectively avoid obstacles, and the basic information on seawater quality was within the specified range. The unmanned ship constructed in this study can be used as an auxiliary tool for water quality detection. Compared with various study methods, the proposed method obtained a better performance.
Release Kinetics of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Governing Drug
Release and Hydrodynamic Changes of Matrix Tablet
Authors: Lee Beom-Jin , Park Chulhun , Lee Jong Hoon , Jin Gang , Ngo Hai Van , Park Jun-Bom , Tran Thao T.D. , Tran Phuong H.L. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Hydrophilic Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) matrix tablets are
the standard role model of the oral controlled-release formulation. Nevertheless, the HPMC kinetics
for the mechanistic understanding of drug release and hydrodynamic behaviors are rarely investigated.
This study aims to investigate the release behaviors of both HPMC and paracetamol
(model drug) from the hydrophilic matrix tablet.

Methods:
Two different viscosity grades of HPMC were used (Low viscosity: 6 cps, High viscosity:
4,000 cps). Three different ratios of drug/HPMC (H:38.08%, M:22.85%, and L:15.23% (w/w)
of HPMC amounts in total weight) matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique. The
release profiles of the drug and HPMC in a matrix tablet were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC
and 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The hydrodynamic changes of HPMC
were determined by the gravimetric behaviors such as swelling and erosion rates, gel layer thickness,
front movement data,and distributive Near-Infrared (NIR) chemical imaging of HPMC in a
matrix tablet during the dissolution process.

Results:
High viscosity HPMC tablets showed slower release of HPMC than the release rate of
drug, suggesting that drug release preceded polymer release.Different hydration phenomenon was
qualitatively identified and corresponded to the release profiles. The release behaviors of HPMC
and drug in the tablet could be distinguished with the significant difference with fitted dissolution
kinetics model (Low viscosity HPMC 6cps; Korsmeyer-Peppas model, High viscosity HPMC
4000cps; Hopfenberg model, Paracetamol; Weibull model) according to the weight of ingredients
and types of HPMC.

Conclusion:
The determination of HPMC polymer release correlating with drug release, hydrodynamic
behavior, and NIR chemical imaging of HPMC can provide new insights into the drug release-
modulating mechanism in the hydrophilic matrix system.
Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease: An Epidemiological Study
Authors: Janoutová Jana , Kovalová Martina , Machaczka Ondřej , Ambroz Petr , Zatloukalová Anna , Němček Kateřina , Janout Vladimír 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Dementia becomes a major public health challenge in both the Czech Republic
and worldwide. The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Objective:
We conducted two successive epidemiological projects in 2012-2015 and 2016-2019. Their
aim was to study the effect of selected potential genetic, vascular and psychosocial risk factors on the
development of AD by comparing their frequencies in AD patients and controls.

Methods:
Epidemiological case-control studies were conducted. In total, data from 2106 participants
(1096 cases, 1010 controls) were analyzed.

Results:
Three times more females than males suffered from AD. The highest proportion of cases were
those with primary education, unlike controls. There were statistically significantly more manual
workers among cases than among controls. Of selected vascular risk factors, coronary heart disease
was found to be statistically significantly more frequent in cases than in controls. The onset of hypertension
and diabetes mellitus was earlier in controls than in cases. As for hobbies and interests, there
were statistically significant differences in physical activity, reading and solving crosswords between
the groups, with these activities being more common in controls.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of chronic neurodegenerative diseases, in particular AD, is currently increasing.
Given the aging of the population, these conditions may be expected to rise in prevalence.
Potential risk of AD needs to be studied, analyzed and confirmed; a detailed knowledge of the risks of
AD and early detection of the pathology may therefore be very beneficial for prevention and early
treatment of this condition.
Burden and Help-Seeking Behaviors Linked to Problem Gambling and Gaming: Observational Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Luquiens Amandine , von Hammerstein Cora , Benyamina Amine , Perney Pascal 
Published: August 2021

Background
Models based on the uniqueness of addiction processes between behavioral addictions are highly contentious, and the inclusion of gaming disorder in the addiction nosography remains controversial. An exploratory approach could clarify a hypothesized common and subjectively identifiable process in addictive behaviors and the necessarily different expressions of the disorder due to behavior specificities, in particular the sociocultural characteristics and profiles of users.

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe the nature of contacts to a help service by exploring commonality and specificities of burden and help-seeking for problem gambling or gaming.

Methods
This was an observational quantitative-qualitative study. We included all contacts (ie, online questions and contacts by phone or chat when the helper completed a summary) to a helpline for gamers, gamblers, and relatives over a 7-year period. We constituted a text corpus with online questions and summaries of contacts by phone or chat. We collected basic sociodemographic data, including the device used to contact the service (phone or internet), contacting the service for oneself (“user”) or being a relative of a user and type of relative, gambling (yes/no), gaming (yes/no), and age and sex of the gambler/gamer. We describe the corpus descriptively and report the computerized qualitative analysis of online questions, chat, and summary of phone calls. We performed a descendant hierarchical analysis on the data.

Results
A total of 14,564 contacts were made to the helpline, including 10,017 users and 4547 relatives. The corpus was composed of six classes: (1) gaming specificities, (2) shared psychological distress and negative emotions, (3) the procedure for being banned from gambling, (4) the provided help, (5) gambling specificities, and (6) financial problems.

Conclusions
Negative emotions and shared distress linked to gambling and gaming support current scientific consensus that these behaviors can produce psychological distress in se; however, meaningful differences were observed in core symptoms of addiction between gamers and gamblers, beyond specificities related to the behavior itself: loss of control was elicited in the class corresponding to gambling specificities and not by gamers and their relatives.
Study of the Combretum micranthum G Don Sector (Kinkeliba) in Senegal
Authors: Tine Daba , Dieng Sara Danièle , Dieng Serigne Ibra Mbacké , Sarr Abdou , Diatta Kady , Fall Alioune Dior , Bassene Emmanuel 
Published: August 2021

Combretum micranthum (kinkeliba) is one of the most used medicinal plants in Senegal. However, its commercialization is poorly studied. The objective of this study is to analyze the commercialization of Combretum micranthum in Senegal. The study was carried out in two main regions of kinkeliba marketing in Senegal: Dakar, where kinkeliba is marketed; and Thies, where kinkeliba is produced and marketed.
Structured and unstructured surveys were administered to different categories of stakeholders: herbalists / traditional practitioners, collectors/ suppliers, retailers and consumers. Production sites that supply Dakar include the following: Diass, Sindia, Kiniabour, Pout, Thies Lalane.
The main sales points in Dakar are the Thiaroye and Grand Yoff markets. The kinkeliba marketing chain has short channels and women are the main stakeholders. Procurement is done by harvesting in the natural environment and by purchase for herbalists / traditional practitioners. The benefits and added value derived from the marketing of kinkeliba are positive and are increasingly evolving from producers to retailers. The kinkeliba chain, with its constraints and especially its strengths, requires better structuring and to be better known.
Keywords: Combretum micranthum, kinkeliba, commercialization, value chain, Senegal.
Nanotechnology: A novel approach for treatment of skin disorder
Authors: Tamanna , , Singh Harmeet 
Published: August 2021

Skin, the integument system; pertaining to our body which consists of mainly three layers (i) Epidermis (ii) Dermis (iii) Subcutaneous Tissue. It acts as a protective barrier against many diseases and infections. Skin disorders vary greatly in symptoms and severity. Some may be attributed to situational causes while others may be genetic like atopic dermatitis, melanoma, acne vulgaris, wound healing and psoriasis. Conventional therapies are used to analyze various topical disorders suffers from many limitations i.e. less efficacy, poor patient compliance, and poor bioavailability. Therefore, novel approaches should be investigated for the development of better treatment of the disease. Novel carriers such as Liposome, Niosomes, Ethosomes, Silver nanoparticles, Solid lipid nanoparticles are utilized through almost all the routes of administration to treat dermatological disorders. These Nano systems are used to provide targeted drug delivery and a site-specific delivery of dosage form at a particular receptor site and thus enhance the uptake of poorly soluble drugs and overcome the issues related to poor bioavailability. The root cause for the development of such carriers lies on making the existing drugs more effective and safe for the patients.
Keywords: Skin, Skin disorders, NDDS, Novel Carriers, Nanotechnology
A Review on the Novel Corona Virus with International and Indian Perspective
Authors: K P Gayatri Suresh , Ahmed Thabit , Mohammed Saeed Mohamed Abdelgadir , Daivamthadathil Jereish Varghese , Jayan Anandhu , Samuel Jerin Reji 
Published: August 2021

On 31 December 2019, pneumonia of unknown cause was detected in Wuhan, China, and was first reported to the WHO Country Office in China. On 30 January 2020, the outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. 1
It was an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and got spread across China and beyond. WHO officially named the disease - Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on February 12, 2020. 2
It has been spreading worldwide for a period of atleast a year & half 3 This review article addresses the current scenario caused by the SARS- Co V along with the treatment protocols and ongoing vaccines.
Keywords: Corona virus,COVID-19, m RNA, current therapy, vaccines, clinical symptoms, review
Formulation and Evaluation of Fermented Rice Water Herbal Shampoo
Authors: Meduri Teja Sri , Munnangi Lakshmi Divya , Potharaju Sreevani , Suravarapu Sri Tejaswi , Swami Vasavi Rama Deepthi , Uppala Vandana , Yepuri Divya , Vadlamudi Pallavi , Nadendla Rama Rao 
Published: August 2021

Now-a-days, the most occurring problem is hair fall, so the main aim of the study is to reduce hair fall and promote hair growth. The main ingredient in this study is fermented rice water (Oryza sativa) which contains many antioxidants when compared to the plain rice water. Inositol is the major constituent which helps in decreasing hair fall. The herbal shampoo was formulated using some of the traditional herbs like Hibiscus-rosa-sinensis, Phyllanthus emblica, Aloe vera, Trigonella foenum graceum along with fermented rice water in different concentrations and evaluated for various parameters. The prepared herbal shampoo was evaluated with physico-chemical parameters like pH, foam formation, dirt dispersion, surface tension, viscosity and wetting test. The results states that the herbal shampoo possess the following characteristics such as good foam ability, good cleansing, low surface tension, viscosity and soothing property. The evaluation results of the herbal shampoo had shown better results, which is ideal to use, safe and effective in the treatment of hair fall.
Keywords: Herbal shampoo, Oryza sativa, Hair fall.