bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perebutan Ruang Publik Pedagang Kaki Lima Pada Masa Pandemi Di Alun-Alun Jombang
Authors: Dwi Rahmawati Widia , Fauzi Agus Mahcfud 
Published: December 2021

Mewabahnya Virus Corona di Indonesia telah melemahkan banyak sektor kehidupan di masyarakat. Bidang ekonomi menjadi sorotan selama masa pandemi ini. Berbagai kebijakan politik yang dikeluarkan pemerintah telah mengancam perekonomian seluruh kalangan masyarakat. Terutama kalangan menengah bawah, salah satunya yaitu para Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL). PKL menjadi pihak yang sangat terdampak dari pemberlakuan kebijakan yang dilakukan pemerintah. Mulai dari kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) hingga Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PPKM). Kebijakan tersebut telah menimbulkan perebutan ruang publik, yang didalamnya tidak dapat dipisahkan dari campur tangan politik. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk melihat politik ruang kota selama masa pandemi pada PKL di Alun-Alun Jombang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu, pendekatan kualitatif Dalam mendukung kajian ini, maka teori yang digunakan ialah Teori Strukturasi yang digagas oleh Anthony Giddens. Perspektif teori tersebut digunakan dalam melihat pola relasi antara struktur dan agen yang ada dalam politik ruang kota. Relasi tersebut tentunya menghasilkan suatu praktik sosial yang perlu ditinjau lebih dalam. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada masa pandemi ini banyak terjadi politik ruang, khususnya di wilayah perkotaan. Politik ruang kota tersebut, berdampak pada masyarakat kelas menengah bawah, seperti PKL. Praktik sosial yang terjadi pada politik ruang kota pun sangat beragam.
Kata Kunci: Ruang Publik, dan Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL)
Sorumlu Hemşirelerin Okul Hastane İş Birliğine Yönelik Görüşlerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: GÜNAY İSMAİLOĞLU Elif , ERGİN Eda , ŞAHAN Seda 
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Klinikte öğrencilerden sorumlu olan hemşirelerin okul-hastane iş birliğine yönelik görüşleri hakkında yeterince çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmamız, sorumlu hemşirelerin okul-hastane iş birliğine yönelik görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Bu çalışma Aralık- Mart 2021 tarihleri arasında İzmir ilinde bulunan iki eğitim araştırma hastanesinde çalışan sorumlu hemşirelerin okul-hastane iş birliğine yönelik görüşlerini belirlemek amacıyla kesitsel tipte bir araştırma olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada örneklem seçimine gidilmeyip araştırmaya katılmak isteyen 50 sorumlu hemşire ile araştırma tamamlanmıştır. Sorumlu hemşirelere online ortamda oluşturan anket, e-posta ve Whatsapp aracılığıyla ulaştırılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden hemşirelerden online onam alınmıştır.
Bulgular: Sorumlu hemşirelerin %94’ü (n=47) okul hastane iş birliğinin gerekli olduğunu, tamamı (n=50) okul hastane iş birliğinin oluşturulabileceğine inandıklarını, %77.6’sı (n=38) okul hastane iş birliğinin oluşmasını hastane bakım hizmetleri yöneticilerinin sağlayacağını belirtmiştir. Sorumlu hemşirelerin %46.9’u (n=23) öğrencilerin teorik ve uygulamalı derslerine katkı verebileceklerini ve %89.8’i (n=44) okul hastane iş birliği yapılmasını istedikleri konuların öğrencilerin pratik eğitimi olduğunu belirtmişlerdir.
Sonuç: Çalışmamız, sorumlu hemşirelerin iş birliğini gerekli gördüklerini belirtmeleri ve iş birliği sağlanacağına yönelik inançlarının olması okul hastane iş birliğine açık olduklarını göstermektedir.
Two Massive Jupiters in Eccentric Orbits from the TESS Full-frame Images
Authors: Ikwut-Ukwa Mma , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Quinn Samuel N. , Zhou George , Vanderburg Andrew , Ali Asma , Bunten Katya , Gaudi B. Scott , Latham David W. , Howell Steve B. , Huang Chelsea X. , Bieryla Allyson , Collins Karen A. , Carmichael Theron W. , Rabus Markus , Eastman Jason D. , Collins Kevin I. , Tan Thiam-Guan , Schwarz Richard P. , Myers Gordon , Stockdale Chris , Kielkopf John F. , Radford Don J. , Oelkers Ryan J. , Jenkins Jon M. , Ricker George R. , Seager Sara , Vanderspek Roland K. , Winn Joshua N. , Burt Jennifer , Butler R. Paul , Calkins Michael L. , Crane Jeffrey D. , Gnilka Crystal L. , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Fong William , Kreidberg Laura , Mink Jessica , Rodriguez David R. , Schlieder Joshua E. , Shectman Stephen , Shporer Avi , Teske Johanna , Ting Eric B. , Villaseñor Jesus Noel , Yahalomi Daniel A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We report the discovery of two short-period massive giant planets from NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Both systems, TOI-558 (TIC 207110080) and TOI-559 (TIC 209459275), were identified from the 30 minute cadence full-frame images and confirmed using ground-based photometric and spectroscopic follow-up observations from TESS’s follow-up observing program working group. We find that TOI-558 b, which transits an F-dwarf (M
* =

1.349

−
0.065

+
0.064

M
⊙, R
* =

1.496

−
0.040

+
0.042

R
⊙, T
eff =

6466

−
93

+
95

K, age

1.79

−
0.73

+
0.91

Gyr) with an orbital period of 14.574 days, has a mass of 3.61 ± 0.15 M
J, a radius of

1.086

−
0.038

+
0.041

R
J, and an eccentric (e =

0.300

−
0.020

+
0.022

) orbit. TOI-559 b transits a G dwarf (M
* = 1.026 ± 0.057 M
⊙, R
* =

1.233

−
0.026

+
0.028

R
⊙, T
eff =

5925

−
76

+
85

K, age

6.8

−
2.0

+
2.5

Gyr) in an eccentric (e = 0.151 ± 0.011) 6.984 days orbit with a mass of

6.01

−
0.23

+
0.24

M
J and a radius of

1.091

−
0.025

+
0.028

R
J. Our spectroscopic follow up also reveals a long-term radial velocity trend for TOI-559, indicating a long-period companion. The statistically significant orbital eccentricity measured for each system suggests that these planets migrated to their current location through dynamical interactions. Interestingly, both planets are also massive (>3 M
J), adding to the population of massive giant planets identified by TESS. Prompted by these new detections of high-mass planets, we analyzed the known mass distribution of hot and warm Jupiters but find no significant evidence for multiple populations. TESS should provide a near magnitude-limited sample of transiting hot Jupiters, allowing for future detailed population studies.
Size Evolution of Close-in Super-Earths through Giant Impacts and Photoevaporation
Authors: Matsumoto Yuji , Kokubo Eiichiro , Gu Pin-Gao , Kurosaki Kenji 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Kepler transit survey with follow-up spectroscopic observations has discovered numerous super-Earth sized planets and revealed intriguing features of their sizes, orbital periods, and their relations between adjacent planets. For the first time, we investigate the size evolution of planets via both giant impacts and photoevaporation to compare with these observed features. We calculate the size of a protoplanet, which is the sum of its core and envelope sizes, by analytical models. N-body simulations are performed to evolve planet sizes during the giant impact phase with envelope stripping via impact shocks. We consider the initial radial profile of the core mass and the initial envelope mass fractions as parameters. Inner planets can lose their whole envelopes via giant impacts, while outer planets can keep their initial envelopes, because they do not experience giant impacts. Photoevaporation is simulated to evolve planet sizes afterward. Our results suggest that the period-radius distribution of the observed planets would be reproduced if we perform simulations in which the initial radial profile of the core mass follows a wide range of power-law distributions and the initial envelope mass fractions are ∼0.1. Moreover, our model shows that the adjacent planetary pairs have similar sizes and regular spacings, with slight differences from detailed observational results such as the radius gap.
Spectroscopic Confirmation of the Sixth Globular Cluster in the Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy*
Authors: Pace Andrew B. , Walker Matthew G. , Koposov Sergey E. , Caldwell Nelson , Mateo Mario , Olszewski Edward W. , Bailey III John I. , Wang Mei-Yu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy has an anomalous number of globular clusters, five, for its stellar mass. There is a longstanding debate about a potential sixth globular cluster (Fornax 6) that has recently been “rediscovered” in DECam imaging. We present new Magellan/M2FS spectroscopy of the Fornax 6 cluster and Fornax dSph. Combined with literature data we identify ∼15–17 members of the Fornax 6 cluster, showing that this overdensity is indeed a star cluster and associated with the Fornax dSph. The cluster is significantly more metal-rich (mean metallicity of

[
Fe

/

H
]

¯

= −0.71 ± 0.05) than the other five Fornax globular clusters (−2.5 < [Fe/H] < −1.4) and more metal-rich than the bulk of Fornax. We measure a velocity dispersion of

5.6

−
1.6

+
2.0

km

s

−
1

corresponding to an anomalously high mass-to-light of 15 < M/L < 258 at 90% confidence when calculated assuming equilibrium. Two stars inflate this dispersion and may be either Fornax field stars or as yet unresolved binary stars. Alternatively, the Fornax 6 cluster may be undergoing tidal disruption. Based on its metal-rich nature, the Fornax 6 cluster is likely younger than the other Fornax clusters, with an estimated age of ∼2 Gyr when compared to stellar isochrones. The chemodynamics and star formation history of Fornax shows imprints of major events such as infall into the Milky Way, multiple pericenter passages, star formation bursts, and/or potential mergers or interactions. Any of these events may have triggered the formation of the Fornax 6 cluster.
Oscillations and Mass Draining that Lead to a Sympathetic Eruption of a Quiescent Filament
Authors: Dai Jun , Zhang Qingmin , Zhang Yanjie , Xu Zhe , Su Yingna , Ji Haisheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present a multiwavelength analysis to mass draining and oscillations in a large quiescent filament prior to its successful eruption on 2015 April 28. The eruption of a smaller filament that was parallel and in close, ∼350″ proximity was observed to induce longitudinal oscillations and enhance mass draining within the filament of interest. The longitudinal oscillation with an amplitude of ∼25 Mm and ∼23 km s−1 underwent no damping during its observable cycle. Subsequently the slightly enhanced draining may have excited a eruption behind the limb, leading to a feedback that further enhanced the draining and induced simultaneous oscillations within the filament of interest. We find significant damping for these simultaneous oscillations, where the transverse oscillations proceeded with the amplitudes of ∼15 Mm and ∼14 km s−1, while the longitudinal oscillations involved a larger displacement and velocity amplitude (∼57 Mm, ∼43 km s−1). The second grouping of oscillations lasted for ∼2 cycles and had a similar period of ∼2 hr. From this, the curvature radius and transverse magnetic field strength of the magnetic dips supporting the filaments can be estimated to be ∼355 Mm and ≥34 G. The mass draining within the filament of interest lasted for ∼14 hr. The apparent velocity grew from ∼35 to ∼85 km s−1, with the transition being coincident with the occurrence of the oscillations. We conclude that two filament eruptions are sympathetic, i.e., the eruption of the quiescent filament was triggered by the eruption of the nearby smaller filament.
In Vitro Activity of Plazomicin among Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Essam Sara , Nawar Nada , ElBashaar Mohamed , Soliman May , Abdelfattah May 
Published: December 2021

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have been disseminated worldwide and became a global threat. Due to limited therapeutic drugs plazomicin - a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside - have been suggested as an alternative option owing to its stability against aminoglycosides modifying enzymes (AMEs). This study aims to assess the in vitro activity of plazomicin against CRE isolates and to detect different types of carbapenemases among these isolates.
Material and Methods: In this study, 102 CRE isolates were collected from different clinical samples at Cairo University hospitals and the presence of carbapenemases was detected by modified carbapenem inhibition method (mCIM) and multiplex PCR tests. Plazomicin susceptibility testing was done using E test.
Results: The most frequently detected carbapenemase genes were blaNDM in 75 (73.5%) isolates, followed by blaOXA-48 in 57 (55.9%) and blaKPC in 16 (15.5%) isolates. Plazomicin was active against 32 (31.4%) isolates. Among the isolates carrying blaNDM gene only and those carrying blaOXA-48 gene only, 21% and 41% were sensitive to plazomicin, respectively. Plazomicin showed the highest sensitivity against CRE isolates compared to the other tested antibiotics.
Conclusion: Plazomicin might be a good option for treatment of infections caused by CRE. In health care settings where blaNDM gene is prevalent, plazomicin may not be a good therapeutic option for CRE infections.
Adaptation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in the Indonesian Version: Self-reported Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Pregnant WomenAdaptation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in the Indonesian Version: Self-reported Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Pregnant Women
Authors: Sari Dewi Nirmala , Diatri Hervita , Siregar Kemal , Pratomo Hadi 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depression disorders in pregnant women are often not identified so that early treatment is not optimal. Indonesia already has comprehensive integrated antenatal care, including services for pregnant women with mental disorders, but until now Indonesia does not yet have a standardized instrument that is valid and suitable as a screening tool to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression in pregnant women. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a screening instrument with high sensitivity and specificity, has been translated into Indonesian, but until now, the Indonesian version of the EPDS instrument has not been evaluated for validity and reliability in the population of pregnant women.
AIM: this study aimed to adapt the Indonesian version of the EPDS instrument, including testing the validity and reliability of the instrument when used on pregnant women in Indonesia.
METHODS: This research is a cross sectional study. The number of pregnant women who participated were 125 samples. Data were collected randomly, and the assessment of symptoms of anxiety and depression was self-reported via online. Content validity was assessed with a content validity index from 5 experts, construct validation was analyzed by Explanatory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Convergent Validity. The reliability of the EPDS instrument was assessed by construct reliability and Cronbach's Alpha.
RESULTS: Content validity index shows expert agreement with a value of .98. The Indonesian version of the EPDS shows assessing three factors, namely: Depression (5 items), Anxiety (3 items), and Anhedonia (2 items). The reliability of the Indonesian version of the EPDS instrument is good with Cronbach's Alpha .80 and the internal reliability of the 10 items (Cronbach's Alpha .767-.812).
CONCLUSION: The Indonesian version of the EPDS instrument is valid and reliable to be used to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression in pregnant women in antenatal care in Indonesia.

Keywords: pregnant women, EPDS, validity, reliability
Comparative Study of PUVA and NB-UVB in the Management of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
Authors: Gnaneshwar Rao Angoori , Jagadevapuram Kranthi 
Published: December 2021

Background:
There are independent studies on PUVA and NB-UVB therapy for the treatment of psoriasis, but studies comparing both PUVA and NB-UVB are scarce.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of PUVA and NB-UVB therapy in chronic plaque psoriasis.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty patients of chronic plaque psoriasis of more than 20% of body surface area and of more than 2 years duration with Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) score of more than 10, aged above 12 years, were subjects in the study. PASI score was recorded. Patients were randomly allocated to one of the two groups, each consisting of 25 patients and administered therapy as per protocol: Group A: PUVA—psoralens + UVA or Group B: NB-UVB phototherapy. Therapeutic response of patients was followed up every week and PASI score was calculated at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks.

Observations:
Commonest age group afflicted in both the groups was 31–40 years. There was significant improvement (P-value <0.0001) from baseline to 12th week in patients subjected to PUVA as well as NB-UVB therapy. In the PUVA group, minimum and maximum duration of treatment for PASI 75 was 5 and 11 weeks, respectively, whereas in the NB-UVB group it was 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. In the PUVA group, minimum and maximum number of exposures for PASI 75 was 10 and 22, respectively, and in the NB-UVB group it was 18 and 36, respectively.

Conclusion:
PUVA and NB-UVB are both effective therapies. However, NB-UVB is considered as good, effective, and safer treatment for plaque psoriasis with no or minimal long-term carcinogenic risk, and it can be safely used in children, pregnant women, and in patients with hepatic and renal insufficiency. However, more number of exposures and less energy (joules) are required in NB-UVB to achieve therapeutic target.

Limitations:
The number of cases in the study is less.
FAKTOR KEJADIAN IN-STENT RE-STENOSIS PADA PASIEN PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER
Authors: Susanti Devi , Nurachmah Elly , Herawati Tuti 
Published: December 2021

Pendahuluan: Penyakit Jantung Koroner adalah penyakit yang diakibatkan penyempitan pembuluh darah koroner akibat aterosklerosis. Salah satu penatalaksanaan Penyakit Jantung Koroner adalah pemasangan stent untuk mengatasi sumbatan pada pembuluh darah jantung. Tindakan tersebut dapat berulang apabila terjadi sumbatan pada lokasi pembuluh darah yang terpasang stent atau disebut in-stent re-stenosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor – faktor yang berhubungan dengan tindakan PCI berulang.
Metode: Desain penelitian menggunakan desain non eksperimental jenis cross sectional analitik. Responden sebanyak 70 orang, diperoleh melalui teknik consecutive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat (chi square dan uji t tidak berpasangan) serta multivariat (regresi logistik berganda).
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa riwayat merokok memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dan merupakan faktor dominan dengan tindakan PCI berulang.
Kesimpulan: Implikasi hasil penelitian dalam keperawatan peningkatan peran perawat sebagai pendidik dalam memberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang in-stent re-stenosis khususnya pengendalian faktor risiko khususnya kebiasaan merokok pada pasien yang terpasang stent dalam mencegah re-stenosis.
DESKRIPSI KARAKTERISTIK KLIEN HIPERTENSI
Authors: Pardede Lisbeth , Sianturi Renta , Veranita Aprilia 
Published: December 2021

Pendahuluan: Hipertensi merupakan jenis penyakit tidak menular (PTM) yang sering di jumpai di Indonesia. Seseorang dikatakan hipertensi apabila tekanan darah systole lebih 140 mmHg dan tekanan darah diastole lebih dari 90 mmHg. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya hipertensi. Faktor tersebut ada yang dapat dimodifikasi dan ada faktor yang tidak dapat dimodifikasi. Beberapa faktor yang tidak dapat dimodifikasi ini termasuk dalam karakteristik responden meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, lama mengalami hipertensi dan Pendidikan sementara karakteristik resoponden yang dapat di modifikasi meliputi indeks massa tubuh, Indeks Massa Tubuh. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan agar dapat melihat gambaran karakteristik responden hipertensi.
Metode: Metode penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif cross-sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampling dengan purposive sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 66 orang.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukan rerata usia responden yaitu 55 tahun, jenis kelamin mayoritas perempuan sebesar 68.2%, lama menderita rerata 7 tahun, rerata IMT 28,89 termasuk dalam obesitas derajat 1 dan Pendidikan mayoritas SMA sebesar 48,5%.
Kesimpulan: Karakteristik responden dalam penelitian termasuk dalam golongan beresiko mengalami hipertensi.
GAMBARAN FAKTOR RISIKO PENDERITA PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER DI POLI JANTUNG RSAL dr. MINTOHARJO
Authors: Susanti Devi , Lastriyanti Lastriyanti 
Published: December 2021

Pendahuluan: Menurut data World Health Organization Tahun 2012 menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 17.5 juta orang meninggal dunia akibat penyakit jantung koroner. Berbagai faktor risiko yang menyebabkan terjadinya Penyakit Jantung Koroner. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor risiko yang menyebabkan penyakit jantung koroner di RSAL Dr. Mintohardjo Jakarta.
Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah desain cross-sectional dengan menggunakan kuesioner kepada 95 pasien yang kontrol rawat jalan di poli Jantung RSAL. Dr Mintohardjo Jakarta.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar berusia lebih dari 55 tahun sebanyak 65 orang, berjenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 53 orang dan tidak memiliki riwayat merokok sebanyak 52 orang.
Kesimpulan: Faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi pada penderita penyakit jantung koroner adalah perokok pasif sedangkan faktor risiko yang tidak dapat dimodifikasi adalah usia lebih dari 55 tahun dan jenis kelamin laki-laki. Penelitian ini menjadi dasar untuk penelitian berikutnya dan diharapkan mengindentifikasi factor risiko lainnya dalam jumlah sampel yang lebih besar.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN PERILAKU PERAWAT DENGAN KEJADIAN HEMATOMA PASKA KATETERISASI JANTUNG
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi , Astrid Maria 
Published: December 2021

Pendahuluan: Kateterisasi jantung adalah prosedur memasukkan catheter kedalam arteri femoralis atau arteri radialis yang didorong dari otot aorta desenden menuju arteri koronaria. Salah satu komplikasi dari kateterisasi jantung adalah hematoma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan perilaku perawat dengan kejadian hematoma paska cateterisasi jantung.
Metode: Metode penelitian kuantitatif, desain penelitian deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu seluruh perawat di IMC, ICU dan Angiografi RS X sebanyak 37 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel mengunakan purposive sampling dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang sudah ditetapkan.. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen kuesioner. Uji validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner dilakukan pada 30 responden di RS Y Jakarta.
Hasil: Hasil analisis univariat, mayoritas responden berada pada rentang usia dewasa muda (83,8%), masa kerja pada jenjang karir Perawat Klinik III (40,5%), pendidikan DIII Keperawatan (78,4%). Sebagian besar memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang prosedur paska kateterisasi jantung serta sebagian besar perawat memiliki perilaku yang baik tentang prosedur paska kateterisasi jantung (59,5%). Hasil bivariate dengan uji chi- square didapatkan secara statistik ada hubungan pengetahuan perawat (p=0,001), dan perilaku perawat (p=0,000) dengan kejadian hematoma.
Kesimpulan: Diharapkan melalui seminar, workshop dan pelatihan perawat dapat memperoleh pengetahuan adekuat tentang prosedur paska kateterisasi jantung sehingga perawat dapat menjalankan prosedur sesuai dengan ketentuan yang ada, baik dalam pemantauan, kompresi dan pelepasan sheath.
El crecimiento de las Bacrim: una amenaza para el estado colombiano
Authors: García Rengifo Jhon Jairo 
Published: December 2021

Las bandas criminales son una estrategia nueva del narcotráfico, que se diversifica con el objetivo de mantener la dinámica de negocio, nefasto para el mundo, la sociedad, y para el país en general. Los logros obtenidos por las fuerzas militares legítimamente constituidas son excelentes, las recompensas pagadas a informantes, la colaboración ciudadana, la concientización de la denuncia, y el apoyo de países vecinos para no albergar y, por el contrario, capturar jefes de estas bandas son significativos alcances que mantienen intranquilos y sumergidos en el miedo y la zozobra a estas estructuras criminales.