bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of glucose‐lowering medications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus during pregnancy in the United States
Authors: Wood Mollie E. , Patorno Elisabetta , Huybrechts Krista F. , Bateman Brian T. , Gray Kathryn J. , Seely Ellen W. , Vine Seanna , Hernández‐Díaz Sonia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionSome guidelines allow for the use of either insulin or noninsulin antidiabetic agents for gestational diabetes, but only insulin is recommended for pregnant women with preexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to document treatment patterns in routine care for women with preexisting T2DM.MethodsWe identified pregnancy cohorts within 2 US claims databases for publicly and privately insured individuals: the Medicaid Analytical eXtract (2000–2014) and OptumClinformatics (2004–2014). T2DM was classified with a validated algorithm using ICD‐9‐CM and CPT codes. We assessed medication usage over the years of the study, and changes in medication use before and after the beginning of pregnancy, using prescription fills as a proxy for the use of insulin, metformin, sulphonylureas and other noninsulin antidiabetic agents before pregnancy and during each trimester.ResultsAmong 12,631 women with T2DM, insulin use in pregnancy was stable over the study years (55%–60% in the 2nd trimester), but 2nd trimester use of metformin increased from <5% to 20%. Over the study period, 41% of women filled a prescription for metformin before pregnancy, 37% in the 1st trimester and 17% in the 2nd trimester. By the 2nd trimester, few women used sulphonylureas (11%) or other noninsulin antidiabetic agents (1%). Of the women on metformin only before pregnancy, 36% switched to insulin only by 2nd trimester, 11% added insulin and 16% continued on metformin only. Of the women on metformin and insulin before pregnancy, 61% switched to insulin only by 2nd trimester, 22% continued with metformin and insulin and <5% used only metformin.ConclusionThe use of insulin‐metformin combinations and other noninsulin antidiabetic drugs during pregnancy has increased. Safety studies for these medication regimens are needed.
Heart failure with recovered ejection fraction and the utility of defibrillator therapy: a review
Authors: Devgun Jasneet K. , Kennedy Samuel , Slivnick Jeremy , Garrett Zachary , Dodd Katherine , Derbala Mohamed H. , Ortiz Cristina , Smith Sakima A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHeart failure with recovered ejection fraction (HFrecEF) involves those who have previously had reduced cardiac function that has subsequently improved. However, there is not a single definition of this phenomenon and recovery of cardiac function in terms of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) itself does not necessarily correlate with remission from the detrimental physiology of heart failure (HF) and its consequences. There is also the question of the utility of defibrillators in these patients, and whether they should be replaced at the time of battery depletion. To address this, several studies have shown specific predictors of ensuing LVEF recovery, including patient demographics, co‐morbidities, and medication use, as well as predictors of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) following LVEF recovery. Recent studies have also shown novel imaging parameters that may aid in predicting which patients would have a higher risk of these arrhythmias. Additional data describe a small, yet appreciable risk of VA, in addition to appropriate shocks as well. In this review, we describe predictors of LVEF recovery, carefully analyse and characterize the continued risk for VA and appropriate shocks following LVEF recovery, and explore additional novel modalities that may aid in decision‐making.
Prevalence of food addiction determined by the Yale Food Addiction Scale and associated factors: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Praxedes Dafiny R. S. , Silva‐Júnior André E. , Macena Mateus L. , Oliveira Ana Débora , Cardoso Kamyla S. , Nunes Lara O. , Monteiro Maíra B. , Melo Ingrid Sofia V. , Gearhardt Ashley N. , Bueno Nassib Bezerra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine, through a systematic review with meta‐analysis, the prevalence of food addiction (FA) using the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and its derivatives exploring possible factors associated with the prevalence of FA in several contexts.MethodsThe following databases were searched: MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, LILACS, PsycArticles, CENTRAL, Greylit.org, and OpenGrey.eu. Studies that assessed FA using YFAS were included. Two independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of each report. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to calculate the weighted prevalence of FA. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regression were conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity.ResultsOf the 6425 abstracts reviewed, 272 studies were included. The weighted mean prevalence of FA diagnosis was 20% (95% CI: 18%; 21%). The prevalence of FA was higher in individuals with clinical diagnosis of binge eating (55%; 95% CI 34%; 75%). The prevalence in clinical samples was higher compared to non‐clinical samples. Two studies included children only and no studies included only elderly people.ConclusionsFood addiction is a topic in which there has been a significant growth in studies. The highest prevalence was found in the group of participants with eating disorders and weight disorders. More studies with children and the elderly are needed.
Transaction search engine of distributed electricity market trading platform based on blockchain technology
Authors: Xie Jingdong , Zhou Xuemei , Wang Shiyao , Sun Xin , Sun Bo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCurrently, it is difficult for China's electricity trading platform to handle large amounts of data during centralized clearing, achieve cross‐regional sharing of transaction information, and realize the optimized allocation of resources. The previous research has proposed establishing a new distributed electricity market trading platform based on blockchain technology to solve the aforementioned problems; however, transaction nodes on the platform have difficulty determining the final delisting plan in the face of numerous choices. Therefore, in this study, a search engine was designed according to the demands of the delisting node. The developed algorithm is run with a programmed script through a smart contract and can provide the best delisting plan for delisting nodes, ensuring that the delisting plan is selected intelligently and publicly. Overall, seven delisting strategies were designed. Additionally, the improved Critic‐G1 method based on the coefficient of variation was used to establish a smart contract for the comprehensive evaluation of listing nodes. Finally, the example analysis verified that calling the smart contract can help the delisting node quickly obtain the best delisting strategy, increase the enthusiasm of the transaction subject, and facilitate the promotion and application of the transaction platform based on blockchain technology, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Performance evaluation of flexible CIGS modules based on operational data under outdoor conditions
Authors: Lee Ruda , Lee Hyomun , Kim Dongsu , Yoon Jongho 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs a major driver to achieve feasible long‐term goals of the Korean Green New Deal policy, a renewable system application in a building, such as the building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) system, has been expedited by raising a BIPV installation subsidy to 70%. Among the technology of BIPV modules, the CuInGaSe2 (CIGS) type module has been drawing attention and considered as one of the effective alternatives because of its benefits, including its flexibility, lightweights, and relative ease to use as a building material. However, the lack of information understanding of its real application to buildings has still existed under various outdoor experimental conditions. In response to this gap, this study analyzed the power generation performance of flexible CIGS modules under outdoor exposure conditions to evaluate their applicability to BIPV buildings. To conduct the test, the CIGS module was installed on an inclined plane (30°) and vertical plane (90°) using a mock‐up installed facing the south. In particular, this study assessed performance ratio (PR) values to analyze the power generation performance behaviors under direct/diffuse irradiance conditions along with diverse cloud cover conditions. Results from this experimental case study indicated that the power generation performance of the vertical CIGS module decreased compared with that of the inclined CIGS module during all analysis periods, except for the February period. This phenomenon became more distinct as the solar altitude angle increased, and the power generation performance of the vertical module became similar to that of the inclined module as the altitude angle decreased. By experimenting with the diffuse irradiance condition depending on the change in cloud cover, the PR decreased by approximately 12%.
Numerical simulation of the stress field and fault sealing of complex fault combinations in Changning area, Southern Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Li Jiajie , Qin Qirong , Li Hu , Wan Yuanfei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn order to quantitatively study the impact of faults on shale gas productivity, taking Changning area in the south of Sichuan Basin as an example, this study analyzes the impact of fault scale and strike on shale gas productivity under complex structural environment. The typical well profile is selected to establish a three‐dimensional numerical model, and the structural stress distribution characteristics of common structural combinations in this area are analyzed by finite‐element numerical simulation. If, IFT, and IC parameters are selected to quantitatively calculate the sealing of faults. It is found that NE‐trending faults and faults with fault drop grade of 1 in the study area have the greatest damage to shale preservation. The combination of wide and gentle syncline and small fault, low‐angle anticline, and large fault is a typical structural style in this area. The structural combination styles of well N216 and well N217 are similar, but well N216 is subjected to large compressive stress. The calculation shows that the fault plugging performance of well N216 is better than that of well N217.
Age-specific survivorship and fecundity shape genetic diversity in marine fishes
Authors: Barry Pierre , Broquet Thomas , Gagnaire Pierre-Alexandre 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGenetic diversity varies among species due to a range of eco-evolutionary processes that are not fully understood. The neutral theory predicts that the amount of variation in the genome sequence between different individuals of the same species should increase with its effective population size (Ne). In real populations, multiple factors that modulate the variance in reproductive success among individuals cause Ne to differ from the total number of individuals (N). Among these, age-specific mortality and fecundity rates are known to have a direct impact on the Ne/N ratio. However, the extent to which vital rates account for differences in genetic diversity among species remains unknown. Here, we addressed this question by comparing genome-wide genetic diversity across 16 marine fish species with similar geographic distributions but contrasted lifespan and age-specific survivorship and fecundity curves. We sequenced the whole genome of 300 individuals to high coverage and assessed their genome-wide heterozygosity with a reference-free approach. Genetic diversity varied from 0.2% to 1.4% among species, and showed a negative correlation with adult lifespan, with a large negative effect (slope=−0.089 per additional year of lifespan) that was further increased when brooding species providing intense parental care were removed from the dataset (slope=−0.129 per additional year of lifespan). Using published vital rates for each species, we showed that the Ne/N ratio resulting simply from life tables parameters can predict the observed differences in genetic diversity among species. Using simulations, we further found that the extent of reduction in Ne/N with increasing adult lifespan is particularly strong under Type III survivorship curves (high juvenile and low adult mortality) and increasing fecundity with age, a typical characteristic of marine fishes. Our study highlights the importance of vital rates as key determinants of species genetic diversity levels in nature.
Drought and heat affect common bean minerals and human diet—What we know and where to go
Authors: Losa Alessia , Vorster Juan , Cominelli Eleonora , Sparvoli Francesca , Paolo Dario , Sala Tea , Ferrari Marika , Carbonaro Marina , Marconi Stefania , Camilli Emanuela , Reboul Emmanuelle , Waswa Boaz , Ekesa Beatrice , Aragão Francisco , Kunert Karl 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlobal climate change, causing large parts of the world to become drier with longer drought periods, severely affects production of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The bean is worldwide the most produced and consumed food grain legume in the human diet. In common beans, adapted to moderate climates, exposure to drought/heat stress not only results in significant reduction of bean yield but also the nutritional value. This review explores the contribution of common beans to food and nutrient security as well as health. Also discussed is the existing knowledge of the impact of drought/heat stress, associated with a changing climate, specifically on iron (Fe) and phytic acid (PA) that are both among the most important mineral and anti‐nutritional compounds found in common beans. Further discussed is how the application of modern “omics” tools contributes in common beans to higher drought/heat tolerance as well as to higher Fe and reduced PA content. Finally, possible future actions are discussed to develop new common bean varieties with both improved drought/heat tolerance and higher mineral (Fe) content.
On the edge‐based smoothed finite element approximation of viscoelastic fluid flows
Authors: He Tao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article discusses the numerical simulation of viscoelastic fluid flows using the edge‐based smoothed finite element method (ESFEM). The incompressible Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the Oldroyd‐B constitutive relation are decoupled via the characteristic‐based split scheme that enables the use of equal‐order interpolation for the triple primitive variables. For this reason, the spatial discretization is implemented with linear three‐node triangular elements which work very well with the ESFEM. Edge‐based smoothing cells (SCs) are constructed on grounds of existing elements, directly underpinning the essential gradient smoothing procedure. New integration points are proposed within local SCs since the ESFEM enjoys the tremendous flexibility of the smoothed Galerkin weak‐form integral. The discrete viscoelastic system is entirely formulated in the edge‐based notion such that all gradient‐related terms are readily smoothed cell‐by‐cell. Finally, several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the desirable capability of the ESFEM.
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf polysaccharide ameliorates insulin resistance‐ and adipose deposition‐associated gut microbiota and lipid metabolites in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Zhao Xin , Fu Zhifei , Yao Minghe , Cao Yu , Zhu Tongtong , Mao Rui , Huang Ming , Pang Yafen , Meng Xianghui , Li Lin , Zhang Boli , Li Yuhong , Zhang Han 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDietary supplements are currently being used to ameliorate metabolic alterations via maintaining gut microflora balance. Mulberry leaf is known as medicine homologous food for its glucose‐ and lipid‐modulating properties. However, the effects of mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MP) on metabolic dysbiosis and gut microbiota are still poorly understood. After extraction and characterization, the beneficial effects of water‐soluble MP were evaluated in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice. MP treatment could reduce adipose tissue, improve insulin resistance, and alleviate the pathological lesions in colon. Investigation of the underlying mechanism showed that MP modulated gut microbial community by 16S rRNA analysis and reversed the elevation of lipid indexes by plasma lipidomics analysis. Correlation analysis indicated that the abundance of seven key bacterial species and six lipids were closely associated with the metabolic traits, respectively. Overall, MP could ameliorate metabolic disorders, and modify the gut microbiota and lipids. This would greatly facilitate the utilization of MP as a functional food.
Development and psychometric evaluation of the Dementia Public Stigma Scale
Authors: Kim Sarang , Eccleston Claire , Klekociuk Shannon , Cook Peta S. , Doherty Kathleen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesDementia is a stigmatised condition and dementia‐related stigma is associated with low self‐esteem, poor psychological wellbeing, social isolation and poor quality of life in people living with dementia and their families. There is, however, a lack of valid measures that accurately quantify dementia‐related stigma in the general public. This study reports the initial psychometric evaluation of a new tool designed to measure dementia‐related public stigma amongst community dwelling adults.MethodsA sample of 3250 individuals aged 18 and over completed an online survey on their beliefs and feelings regarding dementia and people living with dementia, and their behavioural intentions towards people living with dementia. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using Maximum Likelihood with oblique rotation was performed to extract factors. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the factor structure using goodness‐of‐fit index (GFI), the comparative fit index (CFI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) to evaluate the model fit. Internal consistency was measured for the final scale version.ResultsEFA resulted in a 16‐item, 5‐factor model (Fear and discomfort, Negative perceptions, Positive perceptions, Burden, and Exclusion) that explained 50.43% of the total variance. The CFA‐estimated model demonstrated a good fit; all fit indices were larger than 0.95 (GFI = 0.967, CFI = 0.959) and smaller than 0.05 (RMSEA = 0.048). The final scale showed moderate to high reliability scores ranging from α = 0.738 to 0.805.ConclusionsThe Dementia Public Stigma Scale is a tool with reliability, and some demonstrated validity. This scale can be used to measure the public stigma of dementia amongst adults and may be used in the development and evaluation of interventions aimed at dementia‐related stigma reduction.
The anxiety‐specific hippocampus–prefrontal cortex pathways links to procrastination through self‐control
Authors: Zhang Rong , Chen Zhiyi , Hu Bowen , Zhou Feng , Feng Tingyong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProcrastination, which is defined as delaying an intended course of action despite negative outcomes, is demonstrated to have a deal with negative emotion including trait anxiety. Although highly anxious individuals showed impoverished control ability, no studies have indicated the role of self‐control in the relationship between trait anxiety and procrastination, and its neural correlates. To this end, we used the sliding window method to calculate the temporal deviation of dynamic functional connectivity (FC) in 312 healthy participants who underwent the resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. In line with our hypothesis, higher trait anxiety is linked to more procrastination via poorer self‐control. Besides, the dynamic FC analyses showed that trait anxiety was positively correlated with dynamic FC variability in hippocampus–prefrontal cortex (HPC–PFC) pathways, including left rostral hippocampus–left superior frontal gyrus (left rHPC–left SFG), and left rHPC–right middle frontal gyrus (left rHPC–‐MFG). Furthermore, the structural equation modeling (SEM) uncovered a mediated role of self‐control in the association between the anxiety‐specific brain connectivity and procrastination. These findings suggest that the HPC–PFC pathways may reflect impoverished regulatory ability over the negative thoughts for anxious individuals, and thereby incurs more procrastination, which enhances our understanding of how trait anxiety links to procrastination.
Rapid processing and quantitative evaluation of structural brain scans for adaptive multimodal imaging
Authors: Váša František , Hobday Harriet , Stanyard Ryan A. , Daws Richard E. , Giampietro Vincent , O'Daly Owen , Lythgoe David J. , Seidlitz Jakob , Skare Stefan , Williams Steven C. R. , Marquand Andre F. , Leech Robert , Cole James H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCurrent neuroimaging acquisition and processing approaches tend to be optimised for quality rather than speed. However, rapid acquisition and processing of neuroimaging data can lead to novel neuroimaging paradigms, such as adaptive acquisition, where rapidly processed data is used to inform subsequent image acquisition steps. Here we first evaluate the impact of several processing steps on the processing time and quality of registration of manually labelled T1‐weighted MRI scans. Subsequently, we apply the selected rapid processing pipeline both to rapidly acquired multicontrast EPImix scans of 95 participants (which include T1‐FLAIR, T2, T2*, T2‐FLAIR, DWI and ADC contrasts, acquired in ~1 min), as well as to slower, more standard single‐contrast T1‐weighted scans of a subset of 66 participants. We quantify the correspondence between EPImix T1‐FLAIR and single‐contrast T1‐weighted scans, using correlations between voxels and regions of interest across participants, measures of within‐ and between‐participant identifiability as well as regional structural covariance networks. Furthermore, we explore the use of EPImix for the rapid construction of morphometric similarity networks. Finally, we quantify the reliability of EPImix‐derived data using test–retest scans of 10 participants. Our results demonstrate that quantitative information can be derived from a neuroimaging scan acquired and processed within minutes, which could further be used to implement adaptive multimodal imaging and tailor neuroimaging examinations to individual patients.
Simultaneous modeling of reaction times and brain dynamics in a spatial cueing task
Authors: Steinkamp Simon R. , Fink Gereon R. , Vossel Simone , Weidner Ralph 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how brain activity translates into behavior is a grand challenge in neuroscientific research. Simultaneous computational modeling of both measures offers to address this question. The extension of the dynamic causal modeling (DCM) framework for blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) responses to behavior (bDCM) constitutes such a modeling approach. However, only very few studies have employed and evaluated bDCM, and its application has been restricted to binary behavioral responses, limiting more general statements about its validity. This study used bDCM to model reaction times in a spatial attention task, which involved two separate runs with either horizontal or vertical stimulus configurations. We recorded fMRI data and reaction times (n= 26) and compared bDCM with classical DCM and a behavioral Rescorla–Wagner model using Bayesian model selection and goodness of fit statistics. Results indicate that bDCM performed equally well as classical DCM when modeling BOLD responses and as good as the Rescorla–Wagner model when modeling reaction times. Although our data revealed practical limitations of the current bDCM approach that warrant further investigation, we conclude that bDCM constitutes a promising method for investigating the link between brain activity and behavior.