bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of interventions to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders in ENT surgeons
Authors: Storey B , Verkerk M , Hashtroudi A , Golding-Wood D 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveWork-related musculoskeletal disorders in ENT surgeons are common and detrimental, yet few are aware of preventative measures. We evaluate the evidence for interventions to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders in ENT surgeons.MethodA systematic search of databases up to 8 June 2021 was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines and predetermined inclusion criteria.ResultsSeven prospective cohort studies and 2 case series were identified (51 participants). Interventions included novel equipment (n= 3), patient positioning (n= 2), clinician positioning (n= 3) and operative technique (n= 1). Five studies reported Rapid Upper Limb Assessment scores as outcome measures of strain. Strain decreased when adopting a favourable operating posture, using a supportive chair and keeping patients supine for clinic procedures.ConclusionA small number of low-quality studies were identified. Modifiable risk factors exist, and ergonomic education may help prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Further studies with longer term follow up are required.
Synergistic effects of childhood adversity and polygenic risk in first-episode psychosis: the EU-GEI study
Authors: Aas Monica , Alameda Luis , Di Forti Marta , Quattrone Diego , Dazzan Paola , Trotta Antonella , Ferraro Laura , Rodriguez Victoria , Vassos Evangelos , Sham Pak , Tripoli Giada , Cascia Caterina La , Barbera Daniele La , Tarricone Ilaria , Muratori Roberto , Berardi Domenico , Lasalvia Antonio , Tosato Sarah , Szöke Andrei , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Arango Celso , Tortelli Andrea , de Haan Lieuwe , Velthorst Eva , Bobes Julio , Bernardo Miguel , Sanjuán Julio , Santos Jose Luis , Arrojo Manuel , Del-Ben Cristina Marta , Menezes Paulo Rossi , Selten Jean-Paul , Jones Peter B. , Jongsma Hannah E. , Kirkbride James B. , Rutten Bart P. F. , van Os Jim , Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , Murray Robin M. , Morgan Craig 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundA history of childhood adversity is associated with psychotic disorder, with an increase in risk according to the number of exposures. However, it is not known why only some exposed individuals go on to develop psychosis. One possibility is pre-existing polygenic vulnerability. Here, we investigated, in the largest sample of first-episode psychosis (FEP) cases to date, whether childhood adversity and high polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia (SZ-PRS) combine synergistically to increase the risk of psychosis, over and above the effect of each alone.MethodsWe assigned a schizophrenia-polygenic risk score (SZ-PRS), calculated from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC2), to all participants in a sample of 384 FEP patients and 690 controls from the case–control component of the EU-GEI study. Only participants of European ancestry were included in the study. A history of childhood adversity was collected using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Synergistic effects were estimated using the interaction contrast ratio (ICR) [odds ratio (OR)exposure and PRS − ORexposure − ORPRS + 1] with adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsThere was some evidence that the combined effect of childhood adversities and polygenic risk was greater than the sum of each alone, as indicated by an ICR greater than zero [i.e. ICR 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.29 to 3.85]. Examining subtypes of childhood adversities, the strongest synergetic effect was observed for physical abuse (ICR 6.25, 95% CI −6.25 to 20.88).ConclusionsOur findings suggest possible synergistic effects of genetic liability and childhood adversity experiences in the onset of FEP, but larger samples are needed to increase precision of estimates.
Evaluation of subclinical cardiovascular risk and cardiac function in children with vesicoureteral reflux: a prospective study
Authors: Elmacı Ahmet Midhat , Alp Hayrullah , Dönmez Muhammet İrfan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground:Vesicoureteral reflux is a prominent congenital anomaly of the kidney and the urinary tract. Further, renal scarring is known to be related to chronic inflammation. However, there have been limited studies to date regarding the cardiovascular consequences of vesicoureteral reflux.Objective:The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications in children with vesicoureteral reflux.Methods:Patients with vesicoureteral reflux and age matched healthy controls were prospectively included in this case-control study. Patients were divided into two groups concerning renal scarring status. To assess cardiac functions, carotid artery intima media, epicardial adipose tissue, and periaortic adipose tissue thicknesses were evaluated.Results:There were 50 patients with vesicoureteral reflux; 26 patients without renal scarring and 24 patients with renal scarring, as well as 40 healthy controls. Myocardial performance indexes (Tei indexes) measured by tissue Doppler echocardiography from septum and left ventricle were significantly increased in study group (for all, p < 0.001). Also, intima media, epicardial adipose tissue, and periaortic adipose tissue thicknesses of the study groups were significantly higher than the control group (for all, p < 0.001). However, no statistical difference was observed between renal scarring (−) and renal scarring (+) groups.Conclusions:Results of our study showed early deterioration of cardiac systolic and diastolic functions in children with vesicoureteral reflux regardless of renal scarring. Also, diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux is an important risk factor for subclinical atherosclerosis, independent of renal scarring, which should be considered in the follow-up of these patients.
THE p-ZASSENHAUS FILTRATION OF A FREE PROFINITE GROUP AND SHUFFLE RELATIONS
Authors: Efrat Ido 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor a prime number p and a free profinite group S on the basis X, let
$S_{\left (n,p\right )}$
,
$n=1,2,\dotsc ,$
be the p-Zassenhaus filtration of S. For
$p>n$
, we give a word-combinatorial description of the cohomology group
$H^2\left (S/S_{\left (n,p\right )},\mathbb {Z}/p\right )$
in terms of the shuffle algebra on X. We give a natural linear basis for this cohomology group, which is constructed by means of unitriangular representations arising from Lyndon words.
NATURAL MAPS FOR MEASURABLE COCYCLES OF COMPACT HYPERBOLIC MANIFOLDS
Authors: Savini A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLet
$\operatorname {\mathrm {{\rm G}}}(n)$
be equal to either
$\operatorname {\mathrm {{\rm PO}}}(n,1),\operatorname {\mathrm {{\rm PU}}}(n,1)$
or
$\operatorname {\mathrm {\textrm {PSp}}}(n,1)$
and let
$\Gamma \leq \operatorname {\mathrm {{\rm G}}}(n)$
be a uniform lattice. Denote by
$\operatorname {\mathrm {\mathbb {H}^n_{{\rm K}}}}$
the hyperbolic space associated to
$\operatorname {\mathrm {{\rm G}}}(n)$
, where
$\operatorname {\mathrm {{\rm K}}}$
is a division algebra over the reals of dimension d. Assume
$d(n-1) \geq 2$
.In this article we generalise natural maps to measurable cocycles. Given a standard Borel probability
$\Gamma $
-space
$(X,\mu _X)$
, we assume that a measurable cocycle
$\sigma :\Gamma \times X \rightarrow \operatorname {\mathrm {{\rm G}}}(m)$
admits an essentially unique boundary map
$\phi :\partial _\infty \operatorname {\mathrm {\mathbb {H}^n_{{\rm K}}}} \times X \rightarrow \partial _\infty \operatorname {\mathrm {\mathbb {H}^m_{{\rm K}}}}$
whose slices
$\phi _x:\operatorname {\mathrm {\mathbb {H}^n_{{\rm K}}}} \rightarrow \operatorname {\mathrm {\mathbb {H}^m_{{\rm K}}}}$
are atomless for almost every
$x \in X$
. Then there exists a
$\sigma $
-equivariant measurable map
$F: \operatorname {\mathrm {\mathbb {H}^n_{{\rm K}}}} \times X \rightarrow \operatorname {\mathrm {\mathbb {H}^m_{{\rm K}}}}$
whose slices
$F_x:\operatorname {\mathrm {\mathbb {H}^n_{{\rm K}}}} \rightarrow \operatorname {\mathrm {\mathbb {H}^m_{{\rm K}}}}$
are differentiable for almost every
$x \in X$
and such that
$\operatorname {\mathrm {\textrm {Jac}}}_a F_x \leq 1$
for every
$a \in \operatorname {\mathrm {\mathbb {H}^n_{{\rm K}}}}$
and almost every
$x \in X$
. This allows us to define the natural volume
$\operatorname {\mathrm {\textrm {NV}}}(\sigma )$
of the cocycle
$\sigma $
. This number satisfies the inequality
$\operatorname {\mathrm {\textrm {NV}}}(\sigma ) \leq \operatorname {\mathrm {\textrm {Vol}}}(\Gamma \backslash \operatorname {\mathrm {\mathbb {H}^n_{{\rm K}}}})$
. Additionally, the equality holds if and only if
$\sigma $
is cohomologous to the cocycle induced by the standard lattice embedding
$i:\Gamma \rightarrow \operatorname {\mathrm {{\rm G}}}(n) \leq \operatorname {\mathrm {{\rm G}}}(m)$
, modulo possibly a compact subgroup of
$\operatorname {\mathrm {{\rm G}}}(m)$
when
$m>n$
.Given a continuous map
$f:M \rightarrow N$
between compact hyperbolic manifolds, we also obtain an adaptation of the mapping degree theorem to this context.
Mit der Akzeptanz der Situation, wächst die Zuversicht
Authors: Stähli Alexandra 
Published: September 2021

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Menschen mit einer chronischen Abhängigkeitserkrankung haben oft langjährige Erfahrung mit Beschämung, mit toxischen Folgen für das eigene Selbstwertgefühl. Doch Veränderungen anzustoßen, bedeutet auch, sich den Schamgefühlen zu stellen. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Die intersubjektive Dimension der Scham wird hervorgehoben. Der Umgang mit Schamgefühlen im Kontext der pflegerischen Beziehungsarbeit reflektiert den chronischen Verlauf der Erkrankung und die verschiedenen schamauslösenden Situationen. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Im Schamgefühl beschleicht einem die existenzielle Angst, aus Beziehungen herauszufallen und ausgeschlossen zu werden. Gelingt es, der Scham mit einer offenen und akzeptierenden Haltung zu begegnen und die Beziehungskontinuität zu bezeugen, kann das Leiden an der Scham gelindert werden.
Energy Budgets From Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection Site to Reconnection Front
Authors: Shu Yukang , Lu San , Lu Quanming , Ding Weixing , Wang Shui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCollisionless magnetic reconnection occurs ubiquitously in space plasma environments and plays an important role in energy conversion therein. In collisionless magnetic reconnection, the reconnection site is usually unsteady and ejects reconnection fronts away from it. Using two‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell simulations, we study the energy budgets from the collisionless magnetic reconnection site to reconnection fronts. It is concluded that the reconnection rate cannot well reflect energy conversion of nonsteady state magnetic reconnection because energy conversion occurs predominantly at the reconnection fronts, whereas the reconnection rate can only represent the energy conversion at the reconnection site. We clarify the connection between the reconnection site and the reconnection fronts in terms of energy conversion. The reconnection site functions as a trigger and energy source that generates the outflow of Poynting flux, bulk kinetic energy flux, and enthalpy flux forming the reconnection fronts that move downstream. The well‐developed reconnection fronts are no longer related to the reconnection site. The energy income at the reconnection fronts is mainly the Poynting flux from their top and bottom boundaries, most of which is transformed to flux flowing downstream out of the moving front through the work by the electric field. The work done by the electric force is compensated with the work done by the thermal pressure gradient, which guarantees that the released magnetic energy is mostly converted to thermal energy.
Deep‐Sea Electric and Magnetic Surveys Over Active and Inactive Basalt‐Hosted Hydrothermal Sites of the TAG Segment (26°, MAR): An Optimal Combination for Seafloor Massive Sulfide Exploration
Authors: Szitkar Florent , Hölz Sebastian , Tarits Pascal , Petersen Sven 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA GEOMAR (Kiel, Germany) research team has developed a passive electric field acquisition system for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) to optimize seafloor massive sulfides exploration. This sensor was made of two perpendicular and horizontal pairs of electrodes, and was successfully tested over active basalt‐hosted hydrothermal site TAG (26°N, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge) and several inactive sites in its vicinity. The resulting data underline the efficiency of combining deep‐sea electric and magnetic measurements for searching for active and inactive hydrothermal vent fields. With these datasets, it becomes possible to determine the geological nature of the targets and to constrain the characteristics of fluid circulation at depth without involving costly and invasive underwater tools such as Remotely Operated Vehicles or even manned submersibles to collect samples. Data analysis also revealed that AUV attitude variations induce distortions of the electric signal. These distortions start prevailing for dives at altitudes higher than 90 m above the seafloor, as the distance between the AUV becomes too important to guarantee that the signal produced by the geological target still dominates. To improve the acquisition system and reduce the overall noise, we discuss solutions that limit the impact of such attitude variations. These solutions consist of minor adjustments, such as masts at AUVs stern to tow damping electrodes arrays. In such configurations, we believe that deep‐sea passive electric measurements combined with high‐resolution magnetic measurements can become a highly efficient seafloor exploration tool, including for sulfide deposits associated with inactive hydrothermal systems.
Association of cortical microstructure with amyloid-β and tau: impact on cognitive decline, neurodegeneration, and clinical progression in older adults
Authors: Rodriguez-Vieitez Elena , Montal Victor , Sepulcre Jorge , Lois Cristina , Hanseeuw Bernard , Vilaplana Eduard , Schultz Aaron P. , Properzi Michael J. , Scott Matthew R. , Amariglio Rebecca , Papp Kathryn V. , Marshall Gad A. , Fortea Juan , Johnson Keith A. , Sperling Reisa A. , Vannini Patrizia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNoninvasive biomarkers of early neuronal injury may help identify cognitively normal individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A recent diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) method allows assessing cortical microstructure via cortical mean diffusivity (cMD), suggested to be more sensitive than macrostructural neurodegeneration. Here, we aimed to investigate the association of cMD with amyloid-β and tau pathology in older adults, and whether cMD predicts longitudinal cognitive decline, neurodegeneration and clinical progression. The study sample comprised n = 196 cognitively normal older adults (mean[SD] 72.5 [9.4] years; 114 women [58.2%]) from the Harvard Aging Brain Study. At baseline, all participants underwent structural MRI, DWI, 11C-Pittsburgh compound-B-PET, 18F-flortaucipir-PET imaging, and cognitive assessments. Longitudinal measures of Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite-5 were available for n = 186 individuals over 3.72 (1.96)-year follow-up. Prospective clinical follow-up was available for n = 163 individuals over 3.2 (1.7) years. Surface-based image analysis assessed vertex-wise relationships between cMD, global amyloid-β, and entorhinal and inferior-temporal tau. Multivariable regression, mixed effects models and Cox proportional hazards regression assessed longitudinal cognition, brain structural changes and clinical progression. Tau, but not amyloid-β, was positively associated with cMD in AD-vulnerable regions. Correcting for baseline demographics and cognition, increased cMD predicted steeper cognitive decline, which remained significant after correcting for amyloid-β, thickness, and entorhinal tau; there was a synergistic interaction between cMD and both amyloid-β and tau on cognitive slope. Regional cMD predicted hippocampal atrophy rate, independently from amyloid-β, tau, and thickness. Elevated cMD predicted progression to mild cognitive impairment. Cortical microstructure is a noninvasive biomarker that independently predicts subsequent cognitive decline, neurodegeneration and clinical progression, suggesting utility in clinical trials.
The prediction-error hypothesis of schizophrenia: new data point to circuit-specific changes in dopamine activity
Authors: Millard Samuel J. , Bearden Carrie E. , Karlsgodt Katherine H. , Sharpe Melissa J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSchizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder affecting 21 million people worldwide. People with schizophrenia suffer from symptoms including psychosis and delusions, apathy, anhedonia, and cognitive deficits. Strikingly, schizophrenia is characterised by a learning paradox involving difficulties learning from rewarding events, whilst simultaneously ‘overlearning’ about irrelevant or neutral information. While dysfunction in dopaminergic signalling has long been linked to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, a cohesive framework that accounts for this learning paradox remains elusive. Recently, there has been an explosion of new research investigating how dopamine contributes to reinforcement learning, which illustrates that midbrain dopamine contributes in complex ways to reinforcement learning, not previously envisioned. This new data brings new possibilities for how dopamine signalling contributes to the symptomatology of schizophrenia. Building on recent work, we present a new neural framework for how we might envision specific dopamine circuits contributing to this learning paradox in schizophrenia in the context of models of reinforcement learning. Further, we discuss avenues of preclinical research with the use of cutting-edge neuroscience techniques where aspects of this model may be tested. Ultimately, it is hoped that this review will spur to action more research utilising specific reinforcement learning paradigms in preclinical models of schizophrenia, to reconcile seemingly disparate symptomatology and develop more efficient therapeutics.
RET signalling provides tumorigenic mechanism and tissue specificity for AIP-related somatotrophinomas
Authors: Garcia-Rendueles Angela R. , Chenlo Miguel , Oroz-Gonjar Fernando , Solomou Antonia , Mistry Anisha , Barry Sayka , Gaston-Massuet Carles , Garcia-Lavandeira Montserrat , Perez-Romero Sihara , Suarez-Fariña Maria , Pradilla-Dieste Alberto , Dieguez Carlos , Mehlen Patrick , Korbonits Márta , Alvarez Clara V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt is unclear how loss-of-function germline mutations in the widely-expressed co-chaperone AIP, result in young-onset growth hormone secreting pituitary tumours. The RET receptor, uniquely co-expressed in somatotrophs with PIT1, induces apoptosis when unliganded, while RET supports cell survival when it is bound to its ligand. We demonstrate that at the plasma membrane, AIP is required to form a complex with monomeric-intracellular-RET, caspase-3 and PKCδ resulting in PIT1/CDKN2A-ARF/p53-apoptosis pathway activation. AIP-deficiency blocks RET/caspase-3/PKCδ activation preventing PIT1 accumulation and apoptosis. The presence or lack of the inhibitory effect on RET-induced apoptosis separated pathogenic AIP variants from non-pathogenic ones. We used virogenomics in neonatal rats to demonstrate the effect of mutant AIP protein on the RET apoptotic pathway in vivo. In adult male rats altered AIP induces elevated IGF-1 and gigantism, with pituitary hyperplasia through blocking the RET-apoptotic pathway. In females, pituitary hyperplasia is induced but IGF-1 rise and gigantism are blunted by puberty. Somatotroph adenomas from pituitary-specific Aip-knockout mice overexpress the RET-ligand GDNF, therefore, upregulating the survival pathway. Somatotroph adenomas from patients with or without AIP mutation abundantly express GDNF, but AIP-mutated tissues have less CDKN2A-ARF expression. Our findings explain the tissue-specific mechanism of AIP-induced somatotrophinomas and provide a previously unknown tumorigenic mechanism, opening treatment avenues for AIP-related tumours.
Visions for a JACIE Quality Management System 4.0
Authors: Snowden John A. , McGrath Eoin , Orchard Kim , Kröger Nicolaus , Sureda Anna , Gratwohl Alois 
Published: September 2021

AbstractQuality management has been part of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from the very beginning. It evolved step-wise from open data exchange up to the introduction of the FACT/JACIE-based quality management system (QMS) 2 decades ago. This formal step has eased cooperation, and improved outcome for patients. Today’s expansion of cellular and targeted therapies and new drugs, and the regulatory requirements for advanced therapeutic medicinal products have touched the limits of the current system. Based on the Medicine 4.0 concept, the next step should integrate novel views of QMS. The old definition “Best Quality Transplant” will be replaced by “Optimal Treatment,” and encompass the entire health care journey. “Best outcome” will refer to overall survival, quality of life and costs, with or without HSCT, and will be compatible with all requirements by competent authorities. Decisions will be based on high-level evidence, supported by real-time digitized data collection, data analysis, incorporated into artificial-intelligence systems. To reach this goal, EBMT/JACIE will be challenged to start the process by further fostering harmonization within and between organizations at institutional, national, and European levels. Acceleration in information technology and modifications to working practices during the pandemic should facilitate this development to the next stage.
Bayesian inference with incomplete knowledge explains perceptual confidence and its deviations from accuracy
Authors: Khalvati Koosha , Kiani Roozbeh , Rao Rajesh P. N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn perceptual decisions, subjects infer hidden states of the environment based on noisy sensory information. Here we show that both choice and its associated confidence are explained by a Bayesian framework based on partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). We test our model on monkeys performing a direction-discrimination task with post-decision wagering, demonstrating that the model explains objective accuracy and predicts subjective confidence. Further, we show that the model replicates well-known discrepancies of confidence and accuracy, including the hard-easy effect, opposing effects of stimulus variability on confidence and accuracy, dependence of confidence ratings on simultaneous or sequential reports of choice and confidence, apparent difference between choice and confidence sensitivity, and seemingly disproportionate influence of choice-congruent evidence on confidence. These effects may not be signatures of sub-optimal inference or discrepant computational processes for choice and confidence. Rather, they arise in Bayesian inference with incomplete knowledge of the environment.