bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Under-five Mortality and Associated Factors among Children Born from 15-49 Years Old Mothers in Haramaya Town, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed , Demena Melake , Teklemariam Zelalem , Desalew Assefa , Assefa Nega 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The global under-five mortality rate has dropped from almost 90 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 43 in 2015. The Ethiopian Mini Demographic Health Survey, 2019 shows 55 under-five deaths per 1,000 live births. In the eastern part of Ethiopia, evidence from the Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System in Kersa district of East Hararghe Zone, Oromia Region suggested the decline of under-five mortality rate from 131.8 per 1000 live births in 2008 to 77.4 per 1000 live births in 2013. The death rates still remain far from the Sustainable Development Goals’ target reduction to 25 or less per 1000 live births by 2030. However, the magnitude and determinants of under-five mortality is not studied in Haramaya town. Objective: To assess the under-five mortality rate and associated factors among children born during August 07, 2015- August 06, 2020 in Haramaya town, east Ethiopia by August 07–31/2020. Methodology: Quantitative cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on 391 pairs of 15-49 years old mothers and their live-born under-five children selected using systematic random sampling technique from Haramaya town to cmpare mortality between <=24 and >=25 mother’s age groups. Data were collected using interview-based questionnaire; double entered into EpiData 3.1; and then exported to statistical package for social sciences program version 20.0 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis (p-value <0.20) was performed to examine crude association of predictors with under-five mortality, and then multiple logistic regression analysis (p-value <0.05) to measure the statistical association. Results: The death of 28 out of 372 live births gave an under-five mortality rate of 75 per 1000 live births. Children born in households with less than 6 members had 7. 98 times higher odds of dying than those born in households with at least 6 members (AOR =7.98, 95% CI =1.59-40.17). Those children who did not feed colostrum were associated with 17.45 times increased risk of under-five deaths compared to colostrum-fed ones (AOR =17.45, 95% CI =6.54-46.55). Conclusion: The study suggests that 75 per 1000 live births die before celebrating their fifth birth day. Household size and colostrum feeding are the significantly associated factors.Recommendation: All concerned should inform the mothers the role of identified factors like household size and colostrum feeding in child survival.
An Immune-related Lncrna Signature Predicts Prognosis and Adjuvant Chemotherapeutic Response in Patients With Small-cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhihui , Luo Yuejun , Zhang Chaoqi , Wu Peng , Zhang Guochao , Zeng Qingpeg , Wang Lide , Xue Liyan , Yang Zhaoyang , Zeng Hua , Zheng Bo , Tan Fengwei , Xue Qi , Gao Shugeng , Sun Nan , He Jie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPatients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) are burdened by limited treatment options and the disease’s dismal prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential regulators of genetic alteration and are actively involved in tumor immunity. However, owing to the paucity of specimens, few studies have examined the interaction between immune genes and lncRNAs in SCLCs. MethodsThe immune-related lncRNAs (irlncRNAs) expression profiles and clinical significance were comprehensively explored. We enrolled 227 patients with SCLC, including 79 cases from GSE65002 and 148 cases from an independent cohort with corresponding qPCR data. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was performed to identify the most prognostic irlncRNAs to construct an irlncRNAs-based signature in SCLC. We additionally investigated the potential and immune landscapes of the signature using bioinformatic methods. ResultsTotally, 316 irlncRNAs were filtered out in SCLCs. Then, an 8-irlncRNAs-based signature (ENOX1-AS1, AC005162, LINC00092, RPL34-AS1, AC104135, AC015971, AC126544, and AP001189) was established for patients with SCLC in the training cohort. The classifier successfully divided patients into high- or low-risk groups with dramatically different survival rates and chemotherapy benefit (both P<0.001). The signature was also well-validated in an independent cohort and various clinical subgroups. Compared to other important clinical parameters, this signature exhibited superior predictive performance for chemotherapy response and prognosis. Importantly, the signature also acts as an independent prognostic factor in the two cohorts after adjusting with other clinical parameters. Interestingly, functional analysis revealed that multiple activated immune-related pathways were abundant in the low-risk group. Additionally, the signature was found closely associated with inflammatory responses and various immune checkpoints. ConclusionWe constructed the first irlncRNAs-based signature for prognosis and survival benefit of chemotherapy outcome prediction for patients with SCLC. The irlncRNAs signature was a reliable and robust prognostic classifier that could be useful for clinical management and determination of potential chemotherapy benefit for patients with SCLC.
Prognostic Factors of Patients with Unexpected Pleural Dissemination During Thoracoscopic Surgery for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Liang Jinxiao , Wei Wei-tian , Gao Wei , Yang Xun , Liu Jin-shi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high degree of malignancy and early metastasis. A preoperative examination is undetectable when pleural dissemination of NSCLC occurs at an early stage, leading surgeons to detect pleural dissemination during surgery. However, there are few studies on the prognostic factors of NSCLC patients with pleural disseminated during surgery. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 54 patients with NSCLC with pleural dissemination found during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery to investigate the effects of clinical-pathological features, serum characteristics, surgical methods, and postoperative treatment on their prognosis. Results and conclusion: We found that squamous cell carcinoma (p=0.008), high level of serum GGT (p=0.046) and CA199 (p=0.001) were significantly correlated with the poor prognosis of NSCLC with pleural dissemination. Resection of the primary tumor was not necessary for patients who could receive targeted therapy after surgery, while for patients who receive chemotherapy after surgery, resection of the primary tumor, especially lobectomy, could obtain a better prognosis. Targeted therapy is preferred if there is a driving gene mutation after the operation, and immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy can be selected if there is no mutation. These results can provide a clinical basis for prognosis judgment and treatment decision of NSCLC patients with pleural dissemination found during the operation.
Single Extreme Strong Sequence Can Offset Decades of Shoreline Retreat by Sea-level Rise
Authors: Harley Mitchell , Masselink Gerd , de Alegría-Arzaburu Amaia Ruiz , Valiente Nieves , Scott Tim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Extreme storms cause extensive beach-dune erosion and are universally considered to enhance coastal erosion due to sea-level rise (SLR). However, extreme storms can also have a positive contribution to the nearshore sediment budget by exchanging sediment between the lower and upper shoreface and/or between adjacent headlands, potentially mitigating adverse SLR impacts. Here we use three high-resolution morphological datasets of extreme storm-recovery sequences from Australia, the UK and Mexico to quantify the nearshore sediment budget and relate these episodic volume changes to long-term coastal forecasts. We show that sediment gains over the upper shoreface and beach were very significant (58-140 m3/m) and sufficient to offset decades of predicted shoreline retreat due to SLR, even for an upper SSP5-8.5 scenario. It is evident that increased confidence in shoreline predictions due to SLR relies fundamentally on robust quantitative understanding of the sediment budget, in particular any long-term contribution of sediment transport from outside the nearshore region.
Increased Incidence of Adult Complicated Appendicitis in One Resource-Competent Community during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Time to Improve Health-Seeking Behaviors
Authors: Wu Jin-Ming , Ho Te-Wei , Yu Hsi-Yu , Lai I-Rue 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on medical services is overwhelming due to limited medical resources. During its initial surge in 2020, Taiwan’s government rapidly established diverse public actions, which helped maintain the medical supply without travel restrictions. However, whether the fear of being infected with COVID-19 interfered with health-seeking behavior (HSB) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate whether acute complicated appendicitis (ACA) rates in adults were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA retrospective analysis of acute appendicitis in adults was performed between January 1 and June 30, 2020 (COVID-19 period). The control period was collected from the first two quarters for the preceding 3 years. Outcome measures were ACA and length of hospital stays.ResultsA total of 145 patients with acute appendicitis presented to our institution during the COVID-19 era. Compared to a 3-year control cohort of 320 patients, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a higher rate of symptom duration until their presentation to the emergency room within >48 h (17.2% vs 9.1%, P = 0.011), a higher incidence of ACA (29.7% vs 19.4%, P = 0.014), and a longer length of hospital stays (5.0 days vs 4.0 days, P = 0.043) were observed. In the adjusted regression analysis, the COVID-19 period was significantly associated with a higher rate of ACA (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–2.52; P = 0.008) and longer length of hospital stay (OR= 2.10; 95% CI: 0.92 to 3.31; P < 0.001).Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic was significantly associated with increased ACA rates in one community with a normal medical supply. The fear of being infected with COVID-19 may prohibit patients from seeking medical needs. To improve HSB during the pandemic, a surgical community should attempt to provide scientific information to the public and maintain surgical services under the coverage of workplace safety.
Gaseous Pollutants From A Small-Scale Aerobic Biological Treatment Facility: Odor And Carcinogenic Risk Assessment
Authors: Xu Xinhong , Li Kexian , Lü Fan , He Pinjing , Fang Jingjing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Biological treatment technology is good for the recovery of resources and energy from municipal solid waste (MSW) and cutting down biodegradable components in landfill waste. Recently, the aerobic biological treatment of MSW has increased in rural areas of China. These facilities are usually open setup and closed to nearby residents, and complaints tend to be received regarding odorous gases. A semi-in-vessel setup facility was occured in recent years, and its impact on the environment and personnel is not clear.RESULTS: Ammonia was the predominant compound released from the windrow and its concentration was one order of magnitude higher than those of other compounds. Terpenes and reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs) persisted throughout the entire active fermentation process, with only slight decreases. The biofilter pool had a greater odor impact on the surrounding neighborhood than the waste unloading and sorting operation. The concentrations of most compounds were reduced by the biofilter pool. Ten major substances that caused odors at the periphery of the facility were analyzed, where most comprised RSCs. The odor impact of the facility was low but it was associated with a carcinogenic risk to the operators, thereby indicating the need to improve personal protection.Conclusions: Large amounts of ammonia and volatile organic compounds were released from the composting units, but they had a low odor impact on the environment because of the semi-in-vessel setup. The odor impact of the facility was low but it was associated with a carcinogenic risk to the operators. This technology can be popularized in rural areas.
Isolation, Characterization, and Applicability of Helveticin 34.9, A Class Iii Bacteriocin Produced By Lactobacillus Helveticus 34.9
Authors: Angelescu Iulia-Roxana , Grosu-Tudor Silvia-Simona , Cojoc Lucia-Roxana , Maria Gabriel-Mihai , Zamfir Medana 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Traditionally fermented foods and beverages are still produced and consumed at a large scale in Romania. They are rich sources for novel lactic acid bacteria with functional properties and with potential application in food industry or health. Lactobacillus helveticus 34.9, isolated from a home-made fermented milk is able to inhibit the growth of other bacteria, such as other lactic acid bacteria, but also strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Halobacillus hunanensis, a halobacterium isolated from the degraded wall of a Romanian monastery. L. helveticus 34.9 produces a large bacteriocin (35 KDa), active in a wide pH range, but inactivated by heat and proteinase K treatment. Bacteriocin production was enhanced under stress conditions, especially when combined stresses were applied. Its mode of action and degree of inhibition depended on the indicator strain and on the concentration of bacteriocin that was used. L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus LMG 6901T cells from a suspension were killed within 8 h, but the viability of H. hunanensis 5Hum cells was only reduced to 60%. However, the bacteriocin was able to prevent the bacterial growth of both indicator strains when added to the medium prior inoculation. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed morphological changes induced by the bacteriocin treatment in both sensitive strains, but more severe in the case of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. This class III bacteriocin, with inhibitory activity against various bacterial species, may find application in food and non-food related fields, including in the restoration of historical buildings.
Durable Response of Induction Sequential Chemotherapy Combined With Nimotuzumab and Consolidative Carbon Ion Radiotherapy With Non-V600 BRAF Mutation Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Chang Chen , Li Linjuan , He Du , Zhao Yaqin , Wang Zheng , Li Xiaofen , Cheng Ke , Dai Ruihong , Cao Dan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer remains a highly fatal malignancy among the most common cancers. Multidisciplinary systemic treatment is the vital method to prolong the survival of patients with locally advanced and advanced disease. Case presentation: We report a patient presented to the hospital with upper abdominal pain with occasional diarrhea for 6 months, diagnosed as locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). The patient was detected carrying with BRAF p.N486_P490del mutation and positive EGFR expression, receiving induction sequential chemotherapy of gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel and modified fluorouracil plus leucovorin, oxaliplatin and irinotecan, combined with nimotuzumab, followed by consolidative carbon ion radiotherapy. After the sequential treatment, the efficacy evaluation was partial response and progression-free survival was at least 20 months. Conclusions: LAPC patients with non-V600 BRAF mutation and positive EGFR expression might benefit from induction sequential chemotherapy combined with nimotuzumab and consolidative carbon ion radiotherapy. It is possible for patient with locally advanced disease to obtain better local control and further survival.
Regulating control of in-pipe intelligent isolation plugging tool based on adaptive dynamic programming
Authors: Miao Xingyuan , Zhao Hong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In-pipe intelligent isolation plugging tools (IPTs) are crucial in pipeline maintenance. During the plugging process, the flow field around the IPT changes drastically, resulting in vibration and instability of the plugging process. Therefore, three foldable spoilers were designed at the tail of the IPT to reduce the vibration of the IPT. First, a disturbing flow experiment of IPT with spoilers was designed. A mathematical model of the pneumatic spoiler control system was established to regulate the spoiler angles. Second, based on the experimental data, a Bi-LSTM (bidirectional long short-term memory) neural network predictor between the plugging states, the spoiler angles, and the pressure gradient was established. Then, an adaptive dynamic programming controller was designed to select the optimal control action for each plugging state, thereby reducing the pressure gradient. Finally, Python and Matlab/Simulink were used for simulation. The results showed that the controller could reduce the pressure gradient during the plugging process by an average of 25.94%, which alleviated the vibration of the IPT and achieved a smooth plugging operation.
Fractional Brownian motion analysis for epidemic spreading of diseases
Authors: Lima Leonardo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we use the nonlinear fractional stochastic differential equation approach with Hurst parameter $H$ into the range $1/2< H< 1$ to perform the statistical analysis of public data of number of infected by coronavirus in countries where the number of cases is larger as Brazil and India. We analyze the rises and falls of novel daily cases of coronavirus, where the fluctuation in the official data is treated as a random term in the stochastic differential equation for the fractional Brownian motion. The projection of novel cases in the future is treated as quadratic mean deviation in the official data of novel cases daily since the beginning of the pandemic up the present. Additionally, statistical tests as skewness and kurtosis are performed with aim to estimate the shape of the probability density distribution of novel cases in long time, since the beginning of pandemic, in tentative to estimate the behavior of novel cases in the future.
The response of Hymenocrater longiflorus to water stress and proline application under in vitro cultivation
Authors: Saed-Moucheshi Armin , Mozafari Ali Akbar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Hymenocrater longiflorus Benth. (surahalala) is a wild plant species having properties to be categorized as both pharmaceutical and ornamental plants. To date, the genomics of this plant is unknown and the gene expression profiling of the genes related to its metabolite has never been studied before. In order to study the responses of surahalala plant grown under in vitro conditions to abiotic stresses and the deferential expressions of the genes related to its essential oils under exogenous proline application; three levels of PEG6000 (0, 10, and 20%) and five levels of proline (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 µM) were applied in mixture with its culture medium. Accordingly, induced water deficit increased oxidant levels while decreased fresh weight of surahalala tissues; whereas, application of proline up to 15 µM was able to relatively compensate the negative effect of water deficit. Contrarily, high proline level (20 µM) showed negative effect surahalala plants which is probably due to the stress simulation (nutrition) in this plant under high proline concentration. Since PEG and proline applications increased essential oil contents, the best combination of proline and PEG treatment in the surahalala plant for achieving the highest content of its essential oils were 10 µM and 10% levels, respectively. The expression profiles of TPS27, L3H, TPS2, TPS1, OMT and GDH3 in this plant were successfully carried out and the results verified the involvement of these genes in 1,8-cineole, carvone, α-pinene, thymol, estragole, and β-Citronellol biosynthesis, respectively. In addition, our results indicated that these genes could get involved in the other metabolite synthesis under water deficit conditions.
Barium and Cadmium in Tropical Soils Cropped and Under Native Forest
Authors: Reis Iolanda Maria Soares , de Melo Wanderley José , Lima Erica Souto Abreu , Pereira Marcos Gervásio , Silva Ulisses Sidnei da Conceição , de Sousa Mateus Alves , Júnior José Marques , Camargo Lívia Arantes , de Melo Gabriel Maurício Peruca , Araújo Ademir Sergio Ferreira , Santos Otávio Augusto Queiroz dos 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Toxic elements pose a high environmental risk because of their long persistence in soil, water, and food chain. This study aimed to estimated potentially available and pseudototal contents of barium (Ba) and cadmium (Cd) in tropical soil under native forest vegetation, sugarcane and maize crops. Soil samples were collected at 0.00–0.20 m depth in different municipalities in São Paulo State, Brazil, and analyzed for fertility, texture, total iron, iron oxides, pseudototal and available Ba and Cd contents. Heavy metals were extracted using different extraction solutions (Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3, and DTPA). Data were subjected to descriptive and multivariate analyses. Correlations between soil clay content, mineralogy, and fertility were also investigated. Of the three extraction solutions tested, Mehlich-3 was the most effective to estimate the potential availability of Ba and Cd. Ba extracted by Mehlich-3 was negatively correlated with goethite, and pseudototal barium was positively correlated with pH CaCl2. Cd extracted by Mehlich-3 was positively correlated with pH CaCl2, and pseudototal cadmium was strongly correlated with iron oxide, clay, and organic matter contents.
Analysis of Pathogenic Variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Genes using Next-Generation Sequencing in Women with Triple Negative Breast Cancer from South India
Authors: Rajagopal Taruna , Seshachalam Arun , Jothi Arunachalam , Rathnam Krishna Kumar , Talluri Srikanth , Venkatabalasubramanian Sivaramakrishnan , Dunna Nageswara Rao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The frequency of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) incidence varies among different populations, suggesting the involvement of genetic component towards TNBC development. Previous studies have reported that BRCA1/2 germline mutations confer a lifetime risk of developing TNBC. However, there is hardly any information regarding the common pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA1/2 genes that contribute to TNBC in the Indian population. Hence, we screened for PVs in BRCA1/2 and their association with clinico-pathological features in TNBC patients. Among the 59 TNBC genomic DNA samples sequenced, 8 BRCA mutations were detected in 59 TNBC patients (13.6%). Almost 50% pre-menopausal TNBC patients had a BRCA mutation. Of the 8 BRCA mutations, we observed BRCA1 mutations in 6 TNBC patients, and BRCA2 mutations in 2 TNBC patients. Among the 6 BRCA1 mutations, three were c.68_69delAG (185delAG) mutation. Remarkably, all the TNBC patients with BRCA mutations exhibited higher-grade tumors (grade 2 or 3). However, among the BRCA mutation carriers, only one patient with a BRCA2 mutation (p.Glu1879Lys) developed metastasis in the observed cohort. Our data advocates that South Indian women with higher grade TNBC tumors and without hereditary breast and ovarian cancer should be considered for BRCA mutation screening, thereby enabling enhanced decision-making and preventive therapy.