bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circuit Breaker in Microservices: State of the Art and Future Prospects
Authors: Falahah  , Surendro Kridanto , Sunindyo Wikan Danar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Resilience is one of the important issues in the implementation of microservices architecture, and to handle it, various approaches and solutions are available. A circuit breaker is a solution to handle failure in microservices and is now widely implemented both as a library and as a pattern embedded in the service and client modules. Despite the widespread use of circuit breaker, the research on circuit breaker is relatively less than research subject on other microservices area, or in microservices resiliency. This article provides an overview of recent research in circuit breaker, map the research subject, and find the opportunities for future research. The research is conducted using a systematic map study but the results focused on extract the knowledge and find important keywords to build a conceptual overview of the research field circuit breaker. The result shows that there are five categories of research subjects which are concept, strategy, management, implementation, and products. After exploring each category, we can propose the opportunity in enhancing the use of circuit breaker in microservices architecture, by explore the potential implementation of proxy circuit breaker.
Applying PC Algorithm and GES to Three Clinical Data Sets: Heart Disease, Diabetes, and Hepatitis
Authors: Afrianto Nurdi , Azzani Yopi , Sa'adati Yuan , Tou Nurhaeka , Endraswari Putri Mentari , Nur Yohani Setiya Rafika , Annisa Nur , Widyanara Rifai Nur , Rahmadi Ridho 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The goal of many sciences, including those related to the clinical domain, is to discover the generative model, that is, to understand how variables in the data take on their values. This goal cannot be addressed directly using approaches such as machine learning and deep learning, as such methods focus more on the association between input and output variables. In this paper, we aim to show to the readers an alternative approach, which can be a more appropriate method to target such aforesaid research goal. This approach is called causal modeling. We will first begin with some application examples of machine learning and deep learning on clinical data, and then show our applications of causal modeling to three clinical real-world data sets. This paper is projected to be a concise guideline for researchers to causal modeling, as well as to choose suitable approaches for problems of interest.
Performance of DICOM Data De-identification Process in a Single Board Computer
Authors: Aryanto K Y E , Paramartha A A G Y 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work focused on testing the Raspberry Pi device’s performance with the MIRC CTP application, developed by RSNA. The application could de-identify medical image data. The medical images tested in this research were using the DICOM standard. The results have shown that the average data processing time for 100 DICOM files in CT modality was roughly 0.5 seconds per images. Meanwhile, the tests obtained an average of three images per seconds when more extensive data with average size of 132 KB were transferred, using 1000, 5000, and 10000 files, respectively. It was shown that the installation of the RSNA CTP in the Raspberry Pi device is not complicated. Furthermore, the transfer results demonstrated that the device could be used in the medical image data de-identification, specifically in image data sharing
Analysis of various mathematical models of turbulence when calculating the gas dynamics in a classifier with coaxially arranged pipes
Authors: Zinurov V E , Dmitriev A V , Badretdinova G R , Galimova A R , Dmitrieva O S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This scientific article deals with the problem of choosing the mathematical model for calculating the gas dynamics in a classifier with coaxially arranged pipes. Various mathematical models were analyzed in ANSYS Fluent software package. Laminar, Spalart-Allmaras, k-ω, RSM and Transition SST were considered as mathematical models. The influence of number of cells in the calculation grid on the pressure loss change in the classifier for various mathematical models was also analyzed. The results of study showed that the pressure loss in the classifier with coaxially arranged pipes is not more than 395 Pa at the inlet gas flow rate of 10 m/s. Among the considered models i.e. laminar, Spalart-Allmaras, k-ω, RSM and Transition SST, the most adequate one is Transition SST model. When changing the number of cells in the calculation grid from 1241551 to 3159388 for this model, the deviation of pressure loss in the classifier was 0.43%. The article includes an equation for the dependence of pressure loss in the classifier on the inlet rate. The distribution of gas flow rate over various sections of rectangular gaps is shown.
Enhancing thermal performance of vertical fin array heat sink using mist assisted evaporative cooling
Authors: Abed A H , Hussein H A , Pakhaluev V M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, natural convection heat transfer of parallel-plate rectangular fins heat sink positioned at a certain angle on the vertical substrate was experimentally investigated. Experiments were done with an aim to examine and evaluate the enhancement of heat transfer by deploying fine water mist into ambient air under a range of input power. To empower this investigation, a special purpose experimental set-up was constructed and developed so as to perform experiments on both air and water mist cooling scheme. The water mist concentration influences on the heat transfer enhancement was examined for (mw=90 – 430 mL/h), while the surface temperature varies from 29 to 110 °C. Experimental results revealed that the heat transfer enhancement increase and reached its maximum value under mw=430 mL/h. The average heat transfer enhancement increases by about 1.28%, 1.81%, 2.37%, and 2.83% when compared against traditional air cooling under (mw=90 – 430 mL/h). In addition, influence of water mist on the fin spacing, fins number, and dissipation area was also examined.
Mathematical model of the axial compressor blade in system assessing technical condition of the industrial gas turbine
Authors: Blinov V L , Zubkov I S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the key stages of developing a geometric model of the axial compressor blade. The model is based on Bezier curves, which are used to design the parts of airfoil and allow making local changes to the airfoil and blade geometry. This model is designed to assess the technical condition of the axial compressor being a part of an industrial gas turbine or gas-turbine units, depending on the defects of axial compressor blade row (in the gas-flow channel) and the turbine as a whole. As a part of the study the algorithm, which describes the process of the blade formation, were presented. Although the study presents the main equations of the model based on the key geometric parameters of the airfoil, provides examples of airfoil, blade and stage modelling using the presented method, and shows the results of model verification using numerical simulation methods.
Research of operation the parameters in the boiler TGMP-204HL at burning gas
Authors: Taymarov M A , Akhmetova R V , Akhmetov E A , Sabirzyanova A S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The efficiency of fuel combustion in power boilers of thermal power plants largely depends on the layout of the burners in the combustion chamber, on their number and unit capacity. An important condition for the efficiency of the selected combustion mode is the absence of a torch surge from the combustion products onto the screen heating surfaces of the furnace. To prevent the formation of large amounts of harmful emissions of nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, the necessary requirement for burning fuels is to reduce the local values of the flame temperature in the volume of the furnace. The use of powerful burners in power boilers, with a decrease in their number, leads to an increase in the length of the torch and, with their frontal arrangement, gives a torch thrust onto the rear screen. The article presents the results of an experimental trail of the efficiency of gas burning in the direct-flow supercritical boiler TGMP-204HL of the Surgut GRES-2 PJSC UNIPRO when it is operating on 24 burners at various steam loads. The values of the efficiency of boilers, emissions of nitrogen oxides and the distribution of the radiation intensity of combustion products along the height of the furnace are given. Comparison of the obtained results on efficiency and emissions of nitrogen oxides with the data of the TGMP-204HL boiler using 36 burners is carried out.
Transfer of the steam turbine PT-60-130/13 to the adventure Т-27/33-1,28 with the replacement of electric motors of feeding electric pumps with a steam turbine drive
Authors: Balzamov D S , Balzamova E Yu , Bronskaya V V , Kharitonova O S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For the production of thermal and electric energy, generating enterprises consume fuel, electricity, water for various purposes, thermal energy, etc. The consumption of electricity which is used mainly on the motor of pumping equipment, in the cost of the released energy resource is a significant share. Nowadays, reducing the consumption of energy for the auxiliary needs of generating enterprises is a crucial task to ensure competitiveness according to specific indicators on the wholesale electric power market. This article provides the analysis and justification of the technical decision to replace the electric motor of pumps with a steam turbine drive. A scheme for connecting a steam turbine drive to the feed pumps PE-500-180 (№1) and PE-500-180 (№2) is proposed, taking into account the characteristics of the thermal diagram of the boiler and turbine section. The work schedules of feed pumps have been analyzed, the required steam consumption has been determined, taking into account the loading of the production steam extraction of operating turbines for 200 t/h. According to the results of the analysis of the performance indicators of the station, it was determined that in the condensation modes during the period with a low supply of the thermal energy, the thermal economy of the station decreases, which leads to an increase in the consumption of fuel equivalent in the amount of 1660806 rubles. At the same time, the increase in the volume of sales of electric energy and capacity on the open electric capacity market after the reconstruction will amount to 75493070,81 rubles. Thus, the proposed technical solution for the reconstruction of the feed pump drive is a rather promising direction with the correct construction of the scheme and the presence of consumers of the heat energy.
Algorithm of the automatic synchronizer operation
Authors: Grigorkin B O , Safronov G S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
When connecting powerful synchronous electric machines (SM) to the power system uses automatic synchronizers with constant lead time. It is necessary to improve their accuracy and performance for the success of synchronization on the technological requirements of production. METHODS. For SM change the angle of the rotor is determined in the three phases of the synchronized voltages. This allows to increase the number of measurements per unit of time. The least-squares method is used for extrapolating the function values at the interval forecast. REZULTS. The proposed algorithm for automatic synchronizer uses to predict the set of values of the functions change the angle of the rotor. This distinguishes it from the known algorithms, where the forecast is based on the three rotor angle values determined over the same time interval. This property improves the accuracy, reduces the time interval determine the forecast considers possible change of the acceleration slip angle of the rotor. Using the least-squares method allows to abandon the traditional derivative calculation of the angle of the rotor, which is associated with increased interference. In addition, this method characteristic filter properties. CONCLUSIONS. The developed algorithm allows to quickly define the time of synchronization and improves the conditions of the SM by keeping dynamic stability.
Electromechanical speed control system for steam turbine generator
Authors: Stelmashchuk S V , Sherov E D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper considers the application of a turbine speed electromechanical control system. The range of questions includes a description of the principle of operation and mathematical description of the turbine unit with electromechanical control system, as well as the close motoring for electromechanical control system. The mathematical description is presented in the form of transfer functions based on the linearization of the motion equation of turbine in the relative deviations of the parameters of the turbine unit and the electric drive of the electromechanical control system. The linearized description will allow us to apply classical methods of synthesis of controllers of an electromechanical control system. The use of an electric drive instead of a hydraulic actuator, which are used for centrifugal and hydroelectric controllers, will lead to an improvement in the quality of regulation in terms of precision and speed. This will increase the reliability of synchronization of generators. This will allow you to adjust the rotation speeds of all generators in a coordinated manner, rather than individually.
New device for the quality control of the high-voltage electrical insulator
Authors: Serebryakov A S , Osokin V L , Semyonov D A , Dulepov D E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
During the operation of high-voltage electrical equipment, its insulation ages, its properties deteriorate, and the electrical strength decreases. To avoid sudden breakdowns of insulation and maintain the necessary level of reliability of high-voltage electrical equipment, the state of its insulation must be periodically monitored. The device described in the article is intended for preventive testing and diagnostics of heterogeneous high-voltage insulation of electric machines, power oil transformers and cables with paper-oil insulation. In particular, the integral assessment of high-voltage insulation aging, its humidification and remaining operational life can be based on the use of the absorption phenomenon (the accumulation of internal absorbed charge). Self-discharge and return voltage are measured to assess the insulation condition. A block diagram of the device for monitoring the electrical insulator quality is given as well as the formulae for determining the spent and remaining operational life of the tested insulation. The proposed device will increase the operational reliability of high-voltage electrical equipment.
Rectangular current pulse generator to test varistors with pulsed electrical load
Authors: Chernenko N A , Morozov A V , Myulbaer A A , Sheglov N V , Shevchenko S S , Shmakov I V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A brand-new circuit of a rectangular pulse current generator is presented. As a rule, generators consisting of 6-10 LC cells connected in series are used to obtain rectangular current pulses. Such units are very cumbersome and complicated in the selection of element parameters and adjustment, so a new scheme of pulse current generator was proposed. The main difference from the classical circuit is the method of generating a rectangular current pulse, i.e. by adding the currents from two parallel circuits connected to the load. The first circuit at discharge generates an aperiodic current pulse, the second generates an oscillatory current pulse. The total current pulse flowing through varistor has constant amplitude for some time. In a specified period of time, while the current pulse has a constant amplitude, there is an interruption of current with the help of a switching device. The given circuit solution is possible to implement when using fundamentally new switching devices of the IGBT module. A connection diagram of a pulse current generator for testing varistors with a classification voltage to 1200 V with adjustable pulse duration of 50, 1000, 2000 µs is proposed. The parameters of the generator circuit elements are determined. The measures aimed at suppression of overvoltages arising at break of current in circuits with high inductance as well as the tests confirming the operability of the designed circuit are carried out.
Addressing environmental issues faced by chemical companies when cleaning gas emissions from sulfur dioxide
Authors: Nikolaeva L A , Khusnutdinova E M 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAt the enterprises of the chemical complex, significant harmful gas emissions are generated that pollute the atmospheric air. In this paper, it is proposed to purify gas emissions from industrial enterprises by the adsorption method. The adsorption method is one of the more common methods of gas purification in the industry, which ensures the content of harmful substances in gases at the level of specific air emissions standards. As a sorption material, energy waste is used – chemical water treatment sludge of Naberezhnye Chelny combined heat and power plant, which is formed during coagulation and liming of natural water. The paper presents a laboratory setup and the results of a study of the sorption of sulfurous anhydride by sorption material based on granulated sludge of chemical water treatment. The calculation of the economic and environmental effect of upgrading the technological scheme for cleaning gas emissions from sulfurous anhydride of the sodium bisulfite production line at the L. Y. Karpov Chemical plant JSC was made.
Application of data envelopment analysis for multi-criteria evaluation of system for technogenic waste recycling in oil refining industry
Authors: Derevyanov M Yu , Pleshivtseva Yu E , Afinogentov A A , Kirpichenkov S A , Mandra A G , Pimenov A A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper proposes an approach based on the DEA method (Data Envelopment Analysis) to a multi-criteria evaluation of a complex structured system for the processing of technogenic waste in the oil refining industry. The special algorithm is considered for assessing environmental safety and energy efficiency of operating waste processing system facilities, taking into account their resource value and reuse potential. According to the developed algorithm, five interconnected mathematical programming problems are solved. These problems formulated using CCR and Super-efficiency models of DEA method allow to obtain the assessments of the disposal system regarding the chosen efficiency criteria. A new approach to the analysis of the results on the basis of total effectiveness estimates using the Super-efficiency model of the DEA method is proposed. The results of testing the developed algorithm on an oil-containing waste processing system in the Samara region make it possible to form appropriate control decisions in the region’s oil refining industry.
Ecology and STEM
Authors: Esina E V , Velichko M A , Gladkikh Yu P , Satler O N , Nortsova R A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper is devoted to combining ecology challenges and STEM technologies. We consider ecology as an integral part of STEM process. The including of ecology in the STEM allows not only to develop mathematician calculations and engineering skills but also forms students’ ecological consciousness. The attempt to combine ecology and STEM is aimed to make the knowledge in ecological sphere more practical. STEM education can help in solving the main ecological problems and challenges. STEM lessons, projects, conferences, exchanges could explain and give a living example of damages caused to our planet by irrational using of natural resources. It can improve public awareness and show the careful attitude to our planet.
Nature-like economy as a sphere of energy-saving behavior of households
Authors: Burganov R A , Dolonina E A , Urazbakhtina L R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article discusses the author’s position on the essence and manifestations of a nature-like economy based on the use of nature-like technologies. The author draws attention to the need to respect the use of energy of all types by households, especially in the context of widespread use of electronic products. The paper notes that the creation of nature-like technologies of various levels should be based on an economic base. Within the framework of logic, the subject and object of research of a nature-like economy are identified as an area of scientific research. In the system of practical activity, energy is identified as the main factor in such an economy, the main participant in the economy is artificially created living systems. And production is based on the use of nature-like technologies. The use of various types of energy is the basis for the functioning of a nature-like economy. Enormous investments are needed to develop nature-like technologies and economies. The article also provides examples of the experience of using nature-like technologies and economies in various countries of the world in order to optimize the use of various types of energy. The article highlights mono and polyfactorial methods of analysis, the scientific basis for studying the actions of households is highlighted. According to the authors, the formation and development of a nature-like economy will affect the change in the thinking style of household members in the field of energy conservation, which will take quite a long time.
Resource-saving dialysis technology for electroplating wastewater treatment
Authors: Loza S A , Romanyuk N A , Korzhov A N , Kovalchuk N O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, the separation process of components of electroplating effluent containing sulfuric acid and nickel sulfate by dialysis through various ion-exchange membranes was carried out. Kinetic curves of changes in the concentration of sulfuric acid and nickel sulfate in chambers with permeate and retentate were obtained. The flux densities, nickel losses, the degree of sulfuric acid recovery and the separation factor were calculated. It was shown that the use of cation-exchange membranes does not allow to separate nickel sulfate and sulfuric acid. The use of commercial anion exchange membranes allows 90% sulfuric acid to be recovered with a nickel loss of 8%. The profiling of the anion exchange membranes significantly intensifies the process, but leads to an increase leakage of nickel sulfate through the membranes. The prospects of dialysis wastewater treatment from galvanic production for return of valuable components to production are shown.
Development of a method for calculating a anaerobic digester with bubbling mixing
Authors: Suslov D Y 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Currently, there is a development of biogas technologies designed to obtain an alternative source of biogas energy and utilize organic waste. When developing and designing biogas plants, an important task is to determine the design and technological parameters of the anaerobic digester in order to obtain the maximum biogas yield. For the research, an anaerobic digester equipped with a bubbling mixing system was used. The bubble tube is made in the form of a spiral and forms a cone with the base downward. A calculation method has been developed that makes it possible to determine the physical and chemical properties of the biomass, the geometric parameters of the digester, the specific and total volume of biogas produced, the design parameters of the digester heating system, the design and technological parameters of the bubbling-type mixing system. With the help of the developed methodology, the design and technological parameters of the anaerobic digester of the biogas station for the disposal of organic waste from a pig breeding enterprise and a meat processing plant were determined. As a result of calculations, it was established that the station contains 3 anaerobic digester tanks with a volume of 200 m3 each, utilizes 40 m3 of waste per day and produces 1600 m3 of biogas per day.