bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Up-regulation thioredoxin contributes to inhibite diabetic hearing impairment
Authors: Ren Xiang , Lv Jin juan , Fu Yu zhen , Zhang Na , Zhang Cheng hong , Dong Zheng hao , Chudhary Maryam , Zhong Si wen , Kong Li , Kong Hui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. An association between DM and hearing impairment has been widely discussed. It’s essential to find effective prevetion or diagnosis of diabetic hearing loss. Thioredoxin (Trx) is a small molecule protein (12kDa) and plays biological functions such as anti-apoptotic, transcriptional regulation. In this study, our aim is to clarify the protective effect of Trx on diabetic hearing loss to find the early potential therapeutic target of diabetic hearing impairment in clinic in the future.
Methods

Trx transgenic(Tg) mice was used to induce diabetic model by intraperitoneal injected Streptozotocin (STZ) and with/without SF or PX12 treatment. Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) Staining was used to evaluate the loss of hair cells. The relative expression of related proteins and genes was detected by Western blot and qRT-PCR.
Results

In diabetic mice, the outer hair cells were lost significantly. However, the loss of hair cells was delayed over-expression Trx. Moreover, the expression of PGC-1α, bcl-2 and LC3 was increased in Tg(+)-DM mice compared with Tg(-)-DM mice. The expression of ASK1, Txnip, GRP78, CHOP and p62 was decreased in Tg(+)-DM mice compared with Tg(-)-DM mice.
Conclusion

Taken together, up-regulation Trx can protect cochlear hair cell from damage in diabetes. The underlying mechanism may be related to regulate ER stress through ASK1 and mitochondria pathway or autophagy via Txnip.
Globe Perforation During Peribulbar Anesthesia: Experience of Half a Million Consecutive Injections
Authors: Babu Naresh , Kumar Jayant , Kohli Piyush , Ahuja Ashish , Shah Prerna , RD Ravindran , Ramasamy Kim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the risk factors, clinical presentation, management and outcome of inadvertent globe perforation during peribulbar anaesthesia.Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the medical records of all the patients treated for globe perforation secondary to peribulbar block preceding ocular surgery from 2012 to 2020. The patients were divided into three groups; Group 1 - clear media with no retinal detachment (RD); group 2 - vitreous hemorrhage (VH) without RD; and group 3 - RD with/without VH.Results: Twenty-five patients (25 eyes) were identified. The incidence of globe perforation was 0.002 %. The mean axial length (AL) was 24.7±2.7mm (Range, 20.9-31.2mm). Eleven eyes (45.8%) had AL≥24mm. The most common presenting features were VH (n=14), ocular hypotony (n=7) and RD (n=7). The treatment included laser photocoagulation for the retinal break(s) (n=7) and vitrectomy (n=17). Retinal breaks were identified in all the patients (total breaks, 37). Other complications included full-thickness macular hole (n=5), subretinal haemorrhage (n=4) and retinal vascular occlusions (n=4). Mean presenting best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in group 1,2 and 3 were logMAR 0.79±0.73, 1.82±0.78 and 2.13±0.59 respectively. All the patients, except one who did not undergo surgery due to advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy, had an attached retina at the time of last follow-up. The mean final BCVA was logMAR 0.59±0.79, 0.48±0.26 and 1.25±0.64 respectively. Conclusion: Early intervention can help manage the eyes with inadvertent perforation successfully. The presence of retinal detachment, as well as macular and vascular complications are risk factors for poor prognosis.
Drought stress introduces growth, physiological traits and ecological stoichiometry changes in two contrasting Cunninghamia lanceolata cultivars planted in continuous-plantation soils
Authors: Bian Fangyuan , Wang Yukui , Duan Baoli , Wu Zhizhuang , Zhang Yuanbing , Bi Yufang , Wang Anke , Zhong Hao , Du Xuhua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The decrease of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) production on continually planted soil is an essential problem. In this study, two cultivars (a normal cultivar, NC, and a super cultivar, SC) with two-year-old seedlings were grown in two types of soil (non-planting of Chinese fir, NP soil; continuous planting of Chinese fir, CP soil) with three watering regimes, and the interaction effects on plant growth and physiological traits were investigated. Results: The water contents of normal water control (CK), medium water content (MWC) and low water content (LWC) soil reached 75%-80%, 45%-50% and 20%-25%, respectively, of the field water capacity. The results indicated that both CP soil and LWC soil had negative effects on growth and physiological traits. In both cultivars, CP soil significantly decreased plant growth and the performance of physiological traits. The LWC soil changed the ecological stoichiometry in the three organs, induced oxidative stress, promoted water use efficiency and damaged chloroplast ultrastructure. Compared with NC, the SC cultivar was more tolerant to CP soil and drought stress. Conclusions: The CP soil shows negative effect on C. lanceolata’s physiological traits, and these effects can be exacerbated by drought stress. Therefore, the utilization of continuous planted soil can cultivate improved varieties of C. lanceolata and maintain water capacity. This can improve their growth and physiological performance to a certain extent.
Denosumab in the treatment on structural damage caused by rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cai Shuang , Zhang Anhang , Cheng Bokai , Bao Qiligeer , Wang Shuxia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease, which can cause cartilage and bone damage as well as disability. The effects of denosumab in patients with RA have been analyzed in several clinical studies. These results provide strong evidence to suggest that denosumab significantly inhibited the progression of bone erosion, increased BMD in patients with RA. We undertook a meta-analysis to summarize the efficacy and safety of denosumab in the treatment on structural damage caused by rheumatoid arthritis.Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Medline, The Cochrane Library, and collected randomized controlled trials of denosumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis from the database was established until January 19, 2021.Literature was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis after quality assessment.Results: Five eligible studies were included in the primary meta-analysis. Denosumab significantly inhibited the increase of the modified Sharp erosion score(MD=-0.62, 95%CI＝-0.91～-0.33,P＜0.0001)、modified total Sharp score(MD=-0.78, 95%CI＝1.23～-0.33,P=0.0007)compared to placebo groups at 12 months. In addition, denosumab also significantly increased lumbar spine BMD (3.73, 95% CI 2.00, 5.46, P<0.0001) compared to placebo or bisphosphonates. There was no evidence of an effect of denosumab on joint space narrowing. Adverse events, serious adverse events were similar between denosumab and placebo arms.Conclusion: Results suggest that denosumab inhibits the progression of structural damage caused by rheumatoid arthritis, with no increase in the rates of adverse events as compared with control group. Preliminary research suggests that denosumab is reasonable and promising options for preventing and treating structural destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.Trial registration: We registered our study with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42021239783); no other meta-analysis focusing on denosumab use for structural damage caused by rheumatoid arthritis were found in the PROSPERO database.
Synchronization of a Generalized High-dimensional Kuramoto Model With Directed Graphs
Authors: Zhang Jinxing , Zhu Jiandong , Li Xiaodi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a generalized high-dimensional Kuramoto model with directed graphs is investigated. A necessary and sufficient condition for equilibria is given and the synchronization is proved under weaker directed graph conditions and more general initial state constrains. Finally, an example is given to validate the theoretical results.
PD-L1 promotes malignant progression by inducing EMT and enhancing stemness in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Jiang Fujin , Ding Ying , Chen Ting , Zhang Xianyun , Ma Song , Zhang Yongjie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: Despite radical treatment for aggressive muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC), the prognosis remained poor. Programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) plays an important role in suppressing immune responses.We investigate if PD-L1 and EMT synergistically contribute to MIBC progression. Methods: In vitro experiments, we evaluated the effects of PD-L1 on proliferation, invasion, migration of MIBC cells and studied the relationship between PD-L1 and CSC/EMT markers by overexpressing and knocking down PD-L. The association of PD-L1 with EMT was detected in MIBC human specimens and the synergistic effect of PD-L1and EMT was assessed by analysis of overall survival (OS). Results: Our data demonstrated that PD-L1 promotes proliferation, invasion and migration of MIBC cells. The positive correlation between PD-L1 and CSC/EMT markers was verified both in vitro experiments and in 130 MIBC specimens. Moreover, patients with positive PD-L1/positive EMT exhibited poorer overall survival than patients with other combinations. Conclusion: The close relationship between PD-L1 and EMT may offer potential therapeutic strategy that co-targeting PD-L1 and EMT may improve the prognosis of MIBC patients.
Intraretinal cysts in Macular Hole: A structure-function correlation based on en face imaging
Authors: Nair Unnikrishnan , Sheth Jay , Indurkar Asmita , Soman Manoj 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study determines and characterizes the role of retinal micromorphic changes on en-face optical-coherence tomography(OCT) in macular-hole(MH) surgery. Pre-and post-operative parameters including MH basal-diameter(BD) and minimal inlet-area(MIA), inner-plexiform layer(IPL) and outer-plexiform layer(OPL) cyst-area, IPL and OPL cyst-percentage, and amount of defect in ellipsoid-zone(EZ) and external-limiting membrane(ELM) were compared amongst 28 eyes undergoing successful MH surgery. Their relationship with visual-acuity(VA) outcomes(Group-1: ≥ 20/60;14 eyes; Group-2: < 20/60;14 eyes) was also evaluated. We noted a significant positive correlation between the OPL and IPL cyst-area(r = 0.768;p < 0.001), which in turn were positively correlated with the MH-BD in all eyes. The cyst area was significantly more in IPL as compared to OPL in all eyes (p = 0.049) and in group-2(p = 0.03), but not in group-1(p = 0.62). As compared to group-2, eyes in group-1 had significantly better pre-and post-operative-VA, and significantly smaller BD, MIA, IPL and OPL cyst-area, and ELM(post-operative) and EZ(Pre-and post-operative) defect, respectively. To conclude, an increase in the MH-BD is associated with a simultaneous congruous enlargement of the IPL and OPL cyst-area. The origin of intraretinal cysts could be secondary to breakdown in the physiological retinal-pigment epithelium(RPE) pump due to the anatomical separation of the neurosensory retina from the underlying RPE, i.e., "RPE contact-loss" theory.
A novel model to predict mental distress among medical graduate students in China.
Authors: Guo Fei , Yi Min , Sun Li , Luo Ting , Han Ruili , Zheng Lanlan , Jin Shengyang , Wang Jun , Lei Mingxing , Gao Changjun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Several studies have reported serious mental status among medical graduate students, which triggered a negative impact on their physical and psychological health. This study aimed to develop a novel prediction model to calculate the risk of mental distress among medical graduate students. Methods: This study analyzed 1079 graduate students via an online questionnaire. Included subjects were randomly divided into the training group and validation group. In the training group, a formula was developed, and validation of the formula was performed in the validation group. The discrimination and calibration ability were assessed for the predictive performance of the formula. Results: One thousand and fifteen subjects were enrolled and randomly divided into the training group (n=508) and the validation group (n=507). The prevalence of severe mental distress was 14.96% in the training group, and 16.77% in the validation group. The formula included six variables, including year of study, type of student, daily research time, monthly income, scientific learning style, and feeling of time stress. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and calibration slope for the formula were 0.70 and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.65~1.15) in the training group, respectively; and 0.66 and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.51~1.09) in the validation group, respectively. Conclusion: Six risk factors for anxiety and depression were identified and a prediction model was created. The formula may be a useful model that can identify a high risk of mental distress among medical students.
Simple and Cost-effective Microfabrication of Flexible and Stretchable Electronics for Wearable Multi-functional Electrophysiological Monitoring
Authors: Kim Chae Hyun , Lee Dong Hyeon , Youn Jiman , Lee Hongje , Jeong Joonsoo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The fabrication of flexible and stretchable electronics is a critical requirement for the successful application of wearable healthcare devices. Although such flexible electronics have been commonly fabricated by microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technologies, they require a specialised equipment for vacuum deposition, photolithography, and wet and dry etching. A photolithography-free simple patterning method using a desktop plotter cutter has been proposed; however, the metal formation and electrode opening still rely on the MEMS technology. To address this issue, we demonstrate a simple, rapid, cost-effective, and a complete microfabrication process for flexible and stretchable sensor platforms encompassing conductor formation and patterning to encapsulate and open sensing windows, which only require an economic plotter cutter and readily available supplies. Despite its simplicity, the proposed process could stably create microscale features of 200 μm wide conductor lines and 1 mm window openings, which are in the useful range for various wearable applications. The feasibility of the simple fabrication of multi-functional sensors for various physiological monitoring applications was successfully demonstrated in electrochemical (glucose), electrical (electrocardiogram), mechanical (strain), and thermal (body temperature) modalities.
Flexible Access Control Mechanism for Cloud stored EHR using Consortium Blockchain
Authors: C Eben Exceline , Nagarajan Sivakumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The persevering pursuit of security has proved historically limiting the implementation of significant design improvements for Electronic Health Records (EHR). Such a vital requirement for these kinds of technical development is revamped now. This is because the patients are motivated by personalization and data science to participate in the health information sharing. The implementation of cloud computing has already shown substantial benefits for both clinical organizations and patients in managing electronic health records. The prime security issue of cloud-based electronic health records is that the patient is physically unable to own a medical record whereas a clinical organization can maintain one for them. The latter may collude with centralized cloud servers. So, there is a vulnerability of such records being tampered with in order to hide the medical malpractices. So, maintaining data integrity and data privacy becomes a significant challenge when deploying cloud computing. Therefore, in this paper, a consortium blockchain-based cloud-stored electronic health record is proposed which provides data integrity, data privacy, storage scalability, and fine-grained access control. Each process in outsourcing electronic health records to the cloud is incorporated as a transaction in a consortium ethereum blockchain through smart contracts. Through smart contracts, an attribute-based contract key is generated for the users that can decrypt the encrypted data stored in the cloud. The attribute-based contract key allows only users who are authorized to access the information ensuring data privacy and fine-grained access control. Moreover, the proposed scheme is proved to provide tamper-proof although the medical records are controlled by a group of clinical organizations.
In-vitro study of antiproliferative and anthelminthic property of medicinal plants of Kokrajhar, Assam
Authors: Swargiary Ananta , Roy Mritunjoy Kumar , Verma Akalesh Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
People living in far-flung areas of the world, especially ethnic tribal people practice traditional medicine as the first choice of disease treatment. The present study investigates the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and anthelmintic activity of four medicinal plants traditionally used by tribal communities of Bodoland Region of Assam. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was estimated following spectrophotometry method. Antioxidant activity was measured by total antioxidant assay, FRAP, DPPH, ABTS, and TBARS assay. Antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity of plants were carried out in DL cells. Cells were treated for 24 h with different doses of plant extracts. Furthermore, anthelmintic study was carried out by treating the helminth parasite at different doses of plant extracts. Phytochemical and antioxidant study showed rich TPC, TFC, and free radical scavenging activity in H. japonicum and H. sibthorpioides. Both the antiproliferative and anthelmintic activity showed a dose-dependent efficacy in all the plants. H. japonicum showed the strongest anthelmintic activity with LC50 212.78 µg/mL followed by H. sibthorpioides (5.36 mg/mL), C. halicacabum (13.40 mg/mL), and A. scholaris (18.40 mg/mL). On the other hand, H. sibthorpioides showed stronger antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity compared to other plants. The study observed a positive correlation between the antioxidant property and antiproliferative and anthelmintic activities of the plants. We, therefore, conclude that the secondary metabolites along with antioxidant molecules may have combined effects contributing the antiproliferative and anthelmintic activity of the plants.
Drug Repurposing for Alzheimer’s Disease based on Protein-Protein Interaction Network
Authors: Zakeri Negar Sadat Soleimani , Pashazadeh Saeid , MotieGhader Habib 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known as a critical neurodegenerative disorder. It worsens as symptoms concerning dementia grow severe over the years. Due to the globalization of Alzheimer’s disease, its prevention and treatment is vital. This study proposes a method to extract substantial gene complexes and accomplish an enrichment analysis to introduce the most significant biological procedures. The next step is extracting the drugs related to AD and introduce some new drugs which may be useful for this disease. Results: To this end, protein-protein interactions (PPI) network was utilized to extract five meaningful gene complexes functionally interconnected. The next step was to construct a five bipartite network representing the genes of each group and their target miRNAs. Finally, a complete network including all the genes related to each gene complex group and genes’ target drug was illustrated. medical studies and publications were analyzed thoroughly to introduce AD-related drugs. Conclusions: This analysis proves the accuracy of the proposed method in this study. Then, new drugs were introduced that can be experimentally examined as future work. RALOXIFENE, GENTIAN VIOLET are two new drugs, which have not been introduced as AD-related drugs in previous scientific and medical studies, recommended by the method of this study. These two drugs.
Extended JAZ degron sequence for plant hormone binding in jasmonate co-receptor of tomato SlCOI1-SlJAZ
Authors: Ueda Minoru , Saito Rina , Hayashi Kengo , Nomoto Haruna , Nakayama Misuzu , Takaoka Yousuke , Saito Hiroaki , Muto Toshiya , Yamagami Souhei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
(+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is a lipid-derived phytohormone implicated in plant development, reproduction, and defense in response to pathogens and herbivorous insects. All these effects are instigated by the perception of JA-Ile by the COI1-JAZ co-receptor in the plant body, which in Arabidopsis thaliana, is profoundly influenced by the short JAZ degron sequence (V/L)P(Q/I)AR(R/K) of the JAZ protein. Here, we report that SlJAZ-SlCOI1, the COI1-JAZ co-receptor found in the tomato plant, relies on the extended JAZ degron sequence (V/L)P(Q/I)AR(R/K)XSLX instead of the canonical JAZ degron. This finding illuminates our understanding of the mechanism of JA-Ile perception in this plant, and will inform the genetic modification of the SlCOI1-SlJAZ co-receptor to improve JA-Ile perception and the development of the synthetic agonists / antagonists.
Spinal metastasis of bronchopulmonary cancer: Interest of a Spine surgery and prognostic scales value
Authors: Faye Mohameth , Barry Louncény Fatoumata , Kaya Jean Marc , Sy El Hadji Cheikh Ndiaye , Diallo Moussa , Roche Pierre Hugues 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Backgroundlung cancer is the first mortality cause by cancer around the world. Bones metastasis occurrence is a common eventuality in case of lung cancer (40% at the diagnosis). In order to evaluate the indications and measure the effectiveness of surgery in the management of PBC spinal metastases, we report a series of 52 patients.MethodsDuring 6 years, from January 2009 to December 2014 at the Neurosurgery Unit of Marseille North Hospital (France), we studied retrospectively 52 patients records, who underwent a surgery for spinal metastasis of lung cancer. The study was only about patients which metastases were surgically treated. We used Stata software for the computation, and concerning the linear regression, all values under 0.1 were considered significant.Resultsthe average age was 63.6 years (39–80 years) with a sex ratio of 3. Non-small cell lung cancer was the most common, ie 36 cases (69.2%). Rachialgia associated to vertebral fracture with medullar compression was the most common clinical presentation (31 cases or 59.6%). SINS score (spinal instability neoplastic score) was equal or above 7 in 41 cases (78.9%). The general condition (Karnofski) was medium in 35 cases (67.4%). Survival prediction beyond 12 months was null according to Tokuhashi Index. The surgical indication was essentially palliative. Evolution was characterised by painful symptomatology regression in 44 cases (84.6%), stabilization of initially unstable lesion and motor deficit improvement in 48.3 % of cases. The average survival time following the surgery was 16 months.ConclusionOur results show the interest of surgery for pain relief and spinal stabilization in patient with spinal metastasis of lung cancer, and the relativity of predictive survival score.