bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retina‐Inspired Structurally Tunable Synaptic Perovskite Nanocones
Authors: Lee Kyuho , Han Hyowon , Kim Youngwoo , Park Jumi , Jang Seonghoon , Lee Hyeokjung , Lee Seung Won , Kim HoYeon , Kim Yeeun , Kim Taebin , Kim Dongho , Wang Gunuk , Park Cheolmin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArtificial photonic synapses with morphologically controlled photoreception, allowing for area‐dependent tunable light reception as well as information storage and learning, have potential for application in emerging photo‐interactive neuro‐computing technologies. Herein, an artificially intelligent (AI) photonic synapse with area‐density‐tunable perovskite nano‐cone arrays templated in a self‐assembled block copolymer (BCP) is presented, which is based on a field effect transistor with a floating gate of photoreceptive perovskite crystal arrays preferentially synthesized in a micro‐phase‐segregated BCP film. These arrays are capable of electric charge (de)trapping and photo‐excited charge generation, and they exhibit versatile synaptic functions of the nervous system, including paired‐pulse facilitation and long‐term potentiation, with excellent reliability. The area‐density variable perovskite floating gate developed by off‐centered spin coating process allows for emulating the human retina with a position‐dependent spatial distribution of cones. 60 × 12 arrays of the developed synapse devices exhibit position‐dependent dual functions of receptor and synapse. They are AI and exhibit a pattern recognition accuracy up to ≈90% when examined using the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology handwritten digit pattern recognition test.
Ultrafast Responsive and Low‐Energy‐Consumption Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)/Perovskite Quantum Dots Composite Film‐Based Photonic Synapse
Authors: Chen Jung‐Yao , Yang Dong‐Lin , Jhuang Fu‐Cheng , Fang Yu‐Han , Benas Jean‐Sebastien , Liang Fang‐Cheng , Kuo Chi‐Ching 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEmulation of photonic synapses through photo‐recordable devices has aroused tremendous discussion owing to the low energy consumption, high parallel, and fault‐tolerance in artificial neuromorphic networks. Nonvolatile flash‐type photomemory with short photo‐programming time, long‐term storage, and linear plasticity becomes the most promising candidate. Nevertheless, the systematic studies of mechanism behind the charge transfer process in photomemory are limited. Herein, the physical properties of APbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) on the photoresponsive characteristics of derived poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT)/PQDs‐based photomemory through facile A‐site substitution approach are explored. Benefitting from the lowest valance band maximum and longest exciton lifetime of FAPbBr3 quantum dot (FA‐QDs), P3HT/FA‐QDs‐derived photomemory not only exhibits shortest photoresponsive characteristic time compared to FA0.5Cs0.5PbBr3 quantum dots (Mix‐QDs) and CsPbBr3 quantum dots (Cs‐QDs) but also displays excellent ON/OFF current ratio of 2.2 upon an extremely short illumination duration of 1 ms. Moreover, the device not only achieves linear plasticity of synapses by optical potentiation and electric depression, but also successfully emulates the features of photon synaptic such as pair‐pulse facilitation, long‐term plasticity, and multiple spike‐dependent plasticity and exhibits extremely low energy consumption of 3 × 10−17 J per synaptic event.
An Injectable Hydrogel for Simultaneous Photothermal Therapy and Photodynamic Therapy with Ultrahigh Efficiency Based on Carbon Dots and Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals
Authors: Chen Tianxing , Yao Tengteng , Peng Hui , Whittaker Andrew K. , Li Yao , Zhu Shenmin , Wang Zhaoyang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe convenience of injectable hydrogels that can provide high loading of diverse phototherapy agents and further long‐time retention at the tumor site has attracted tremendous interest in simultaneous photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapies. However, to incorporate the phototherapy agents into hydrogels, complex modifications are generally unavoidable. Moreover, these phototherapy agents usually suffer from low efficiency and work at different irradiation wavelengths outside the near infrared windows. Hence, a method for the fabrication of an injectable hydrogel for simultaneous photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy, through the Schiff‐base reaction between amido modified carbon dots (NCDs) and aldehyde modified cellulose nanocrystals is proposed. The NCDs act as both phototherapy agents and crosslinkers to form hydrogels. Significantly, the NCDs demonstrate an extremely high photothermal conversion efficiency of 77.6% which is among the highest levels for photothermal agents and a high singlet quantum yield of 0.37 under a single 660 nm light‐emitting diode irradiation. The hydrogels are examined through in vitro and in vivo animal experiments which show nontoxic and effectively tumor inhibition. Thus, the strategy of direct reaction of phototherapy agents and the matrix not only provides new strategies for injectable hydrogel fabrication but paves a new road for advanced tumor treatment.
Promoting Long‐Term Cultivation of Motor Neurons for 3D Neuromuscular Junction Formation of 3D In Vitro Using Central‐Nervous‐Tissue‐Derived Bioink
Authors: Kong Jeong Sik , Huang Xuan , Choi Yeong‐Jin , Yi Hee‐Gyeong , Kang Junsu , Kim Sejin , Kim Jongmin , Lee Hyungseok , Rim Yeri Alice , Ju Ji Hyeon , Chung Wan Kyun , Woolf Clifford J. , Jang Jinah , Cho Dong‐Woo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract3D cell printing technology is in the spotlight for producing 3D tissue or organ constructs useful for various medical applications. In printing of neuromuscular tissue, a bioink satisfying all the requirements is a challenging issue. Gel integrity and motor neuron activity are two major characters because a harmonious combination of extracellular materials essential to motor neuron activity consists of disadvantages in mechanical properties. Here, a method for fabrication of 3D neuromuscular tissue is presented using a porcine central nervous system tissue decellularized extracellular matrix (CNSdECM) bioink. CNSdECM retains CNS tissue‐specific extracellular molecules, provides rheological properties crucial for extrusion‐based 3D cell printing, and reveals positive effects on the growth and maturity of axons of motor neurons compared with Matrigel. It also allows long‐term cultivation of human‐induced‐pluripotent‐stem‐cell‐derived lower motor neurons and sufficiently supports their cellular behavior to carry motor signals to muscle fibers. CNSdECM bioink holds great promise for producing a tissue‐engineered motor system using 3D cell printing.
Precise Targeting Therapy of Orthotopic Gastric Carcinoma by siRNA and Chemotherapeutic Drug Codelivered in pH‐Sensitive Nano Platform
Authors: Wang Quan , Tian Yu , Liu Lei , Chen Chuanrong , Zhang Wei , Wang Liting , Guo Qianqian , Ding Li , Fu Hao , Song Hongjiang , Shi Junyu , Duan Yourong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, which remains as an obstacle to human health. Nowadays, targeted nanoparticles to gastric tumor tissues, provide new strategy for improved therapy but still remain challenging. The major hurdle of targeted therapeutic nanoparticles comes from the limited enrichment and poor selectivity of therapeutic agents in in situ tumor. Herein, a pH‐sensitive targeted nano platform coloaded As2O3 and human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER2)‐siRNA (AH RNPs) is developed to achieve targeting therapy in orthotopic gastric carcinoma. AH RNPs can effectively prevent the degradation of siRNA and overcome the poor solubility of As2O3. In vitro studies show that AH RNPs could achieve synergistic inhibition of growth and metastasis on SGC7901 cells. Surprisingly, AH RNPs not only target gastric subcutaneous tumor, but also target in situ tumor, and express loaded genes in in situ tumor. Moreover, AH RNPs show excellent antitumor effect in orthotopic gastric tumor model and the anticancer mechanism is related about inhibiting the activation of ERK signal and downregulating the expression of cxc chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), HER2, MMP2, and MMP9 protein. This study provides a multi‐functional vector for precise targeting therapy of gastric cancer, which may serve as a potential clinical application for future gastric cancer.
A Zwitterionic Polyurethane Nanoporous Device with Low Foreign‐Body Response for Islet Encapsulation
Authors: Liu Qingsheng , Wang Xi , Chiu Alan , Liu Wanjun , Fuchs Stephanie , Wang Bo , Wang Long‐Hai , Flanders James , Zhang Yidan , Wang Kai , Melero‐Martin Juan M. , Ma Minglin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEncapsulation of insulin‐producing cells is a promising strategy for treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, engineering an encapsulation device that is both safe (i.e., no cell escape and no breakage) and functional (i.e., low foreign‐body response (FBR) and high mass transfer) remains a challenge. Here, a family of zwitterionic polyurethanes (ZPU) with sulfobetaine groups in the polymer backbone is developed, which are fabricated into encapsulation devices with tunable nanoporous structures via electrospinning. The ZPU encapsulation device is hydrophilic and fouling‐resistant, exhibits robust mechanical properties, and prevents cell escape while still allowing efficient mass transfer. The ZPU device also induces a much lower FBR or cellular overgrowth upon intraperitoneal implantation in C57BL/6 mice for up to 6 months compared to devices made of similar polyurethane without the zwitterionic modification. The therapeutic potential of the ZPU device is shown for islet encapsulation and diabetes correction in mice for ≈3 months is demonstrated. As a proof of concept, the scalability and retrievability of the ZPU device in pigs and dogs are further demonstrated. Collectively, these attributes make ZPU devices attractive candidates for cell encapsulation therapies.
Electronic Reconfiguration of Metal Rhenium Induced by Strong Metal–Support Interaction Enhancing the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Sun Qiaozhi , Zhang Biao , Song Kai , Guo Yue , Wang Yanan , Liu Enzuo , He Fang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRhenium (Re), as a promising electrocatalyst with favorable abilities to adsorb/desorb the intermediate species (H*), is desirable for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic solution, but the activity of Re remains a bottleneck in alkaline solution due to the weak ability to cleave the OH bonds of H2O as well as the lack of effective preparation strategies. Herein, an in situ phase separated strategy is developed to fabricate heterostructure rhenium/rhenium disulfide (Re/ReS2) nanosheet arrays with the characteristics of rich micropore structure, an abundance of metal–support interfaces, interface enrichment of charge, and favorable d‐band level. As a result, the Re/ReS2 heterostructures on 3D carbon cloth show a splendid catalytic performance toward the alkaline HER with an overpotential of 66 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope value of 45.23 mV dec−1, as well as an overpotential of only 145 mV at 200 mA cm−2. Experimental characterization combined with density functional theory calculations reveal that the excellent catalytic activity originates from the electronic reconfiguration of metal Re induced by strong Re/ReS2 interface interaction.
Epigenetic Dysregulation Induces Translocation of Histone H3 into Cytoplasm
Authors: Wang Zhen , Chen Ji , Gao Chuan , Xiao Qiong , Wang Xi‐Wei , Tang Shan‐Bo , Li Qing‐Lan , Zhong Bo , Song Zhi‐Yin , Shu Hong‐Bing , Li Lian‐Yun , Wu Min 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn eukaryote cells, core components of chromatin, such as histones and DNA, are packaged in nucleus. Leakage of nuclear materials into cytosol will induce pathological effects. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, cytoplasmic localization of nuclear materials induced by chromatin dysregulation (CLIC) in mammalian cells is reported. H3K9me3 inhibition by small chemicals, HP1α knockdown, or knockout of H3K9 methylase SETDB1, induces formation of cytoplasmic puncta containing histones H3.1, H4 and cytosolic DNA, which in turn activates inflammatory genes and autophagic degradation. Autophagy deficiency rescues H3 degradation, and enhances the activation of inflammatory genes. MRE11, a subunit of MRN complex, enters cytoplasm after heterochromatin dysregulation. Deficiency of MRE11 or NBS1, but not RAD50, inhibits CLIC puncta in cytosol. MRE11 depletion represses tumor growth enhanced by HP1α deficiency, suggesting a connection between CLIC and tumorigenesis. This study reveals a novel pathway that heterochromatin dysregulation induces translocation of nuclear materials into cytoplasm, which is important for inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Conformal Microfluidic‐Blow‐Spun 3D Photothermal Catalytic Spherical Evaporator for Omnidirectional Enhanced Solar Steam Generation and CO2 Reduction
Authors: Liu Hao , Ye Hong‐Gang , Gao Minmin , Li Qing , Liu Zhiwu , Xie An‐Quan , Zhu Liangliang , Ho Ghim Wei , Chen Su 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSolar‐driven water evaporation and valuable fuel generation is an environmentally friendly and sustainable way for clean water and energy production. However, a few bottlenecks for practical applications are high‐cost, low productivity, and severe sunlight angle dependence. Herein, solar evaporation with enhanced photocatalytic capacity that is light direction insensitive and of efficiency breakthrough by virtue of a three‐dimensional (3D) photothermal catalytic spherical isotopic evaporator is demonstrated. A homogeneous layer of microfluidic blow spun polyamide nanofibers loaded with efficient light absorber of polypyrrole nanoparticles conformally wraps onto a lightweight, thermal insulating plastic sphere, featuring favorable interfacial solar heating and efficient water transportation. The 3D spherical geometry not only guarantees the omnidirectional solar absorbance by the light‐facing hemisphere, but also keeps the other hemisphere under shadow to harvest energy from the warmer environment. As a result, the light‐to‐vapor efficiency exceeds the theoretical limit, reaching 217% and 156% under 1 and 2 sun, respectively. Simultaneously, CO2 photoreduction with generated steam reveals a favorable clean fuels production rate using photocatalytic spherical evaporator by secondary growth of Cu2O nanoparticles. Finally, an outdoor demonstration manifests a high evaporation rate and easy‐to‐perform construction on‐site, providing a promising opportunity for efficient and decentralized water and clean fuel production.
A CD10‐OGP Membrane Peptolytic Signaling Axis in Fibroblasts Regulates Lipid Metabolism of Cancer Stem Cells via SCD1
Authors: Yu Shubin , Lu Yiwen , Su An , Chen Jianing , Li Jiang , Zhou Boxuan , Liu Xinwei , Xia Qidong , Li Yihong , Li Jiaqian , Huang Min , Ye Yingying , Zhao Qiyi , Jiang Sushi , Yan Xiaoqing , Wang Xiaojuan , Di Can , Pan Jiayao , Su Shicheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCarcinoma‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) consist of heterogeneous subpopulations that play a critical role in the dynamics of the tumor microenvironment. The extracellular signals of CAFs have been attributed to the extracellular matrix, cytokines, cell surface checkpoints, and exosomes. In the present study, it is demonstrated that the CD10 transmembrane hydrolase expressed on a subset of CAFs supports tumor stemness and induces chemoresistance. Mechanistically, CD10 degenerates an antitumoral peptide termed osteogenic growth peptide (OGP). OGP restrains the expression of rate‐limiting desaturase SCD1 and inhibits lipid desaturation, which is required for cancer stem cells (CSCs). Targeting CD10 significantly improves the efficacy of chemotherapy in vivo. Clinically, CD10‐OGP signals are associated with the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. The collective data suggest that a nexus between the niche and lipid metabolism in CSCs is a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer.
Counterstorytelling as Epistemic Justice: Decolonial Community‐based Praxis from the Global South
Authors: Dutta Urmitapa , Azad Abdul Kalam , Hussain Shalim M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present community‐anchored counterstorytelling as a form of epistemic justice. We—the Miya Community Research Collective—engage in counterstorytelling as a means of resisting and disrupting dehumanization of Miya communities in Northeast India. Miya communities have a long history of dispossession and struggle – from forced displacement by British colonial rulers in the early 19th century to the present where they face imminent threats of statelessness. Against this backdrop, we theorize “in the flesh” to interrogate knowledges and representations systematically deployed to dispossess Miya people. Simultaneously, we uplift stories and endeavors that (re)humanize Miya people, creating/claiming cultural, knowledge, and political spaces that center peoples’ struggles and resistance. Across these stories, we offer counterstorytelling as a powerful mode of recentering knowledges from the margins—a decolonial alternative to neoliberal epistemes that maintain institutions/universities as centers of knowledge production.
Effects of an arm‐support exoskeleton on perceived work intensity and musculoskeletal discomfort: An 18‐month field study in automotive assembly
Authors: Kim Sunwook , Nussbaum Maury A. , Smets Marty , Ranganathan Shyam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundExoskeleton (EXO) technologies are a promising ergonomic intervention to reduce the risk of work‐related musculoskeletal disorders, with efficacy supported by laboratory‐ and field‐based studies. However, there is a lack of field‐based evidence on long‐term effects of EXO use on physical demands.MethodsA longitudinal, controlled research design was used to examine the effects of arm‐support exoskeleton (ASE) use on perceived physical demands during overhead work at nine automotive manufacturing facilities. Data were collected at five milestones (baseline and at 1, 6, 12, and 18 months) using questionnaires. Linear mixed models were used to understand the effects of ASE use on perceived work intensity and musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD). Analyses were based on a total of 41 participants in the EXO group and 83 in a control group.ResultsAcross facilities, perceived work intensity and MSD scores did not differ significantly between the EXO and control groups. In some facilities, however, neck and shoulder MSD scores in the EXO group decreased over time. Wrist MSD scores in the EXO group in some facilities remained unchanged, while those scores increased in the control group over time. Upper arm and low back MSD scores were comparable between the experimental groups.ConclusionLongitudinal effects of ASE use on perceived physical demands were not found, though some suggestive results were evident. This lack of consistent findings is discussed, particularly supporting the need for systematic and evidence‐based ASE implementation approaches in the field that can guide the optimal selection of a job for ASE use.
Nano‐analysis Reveals High Fraction of Serotonin Release during Exocytosis from a Gut Epithelium Model Cell
Authors: Wang Ying , Gu Chaoyi , Patel Bhavik Anil , Ewing Andrew G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElectrochemical methods were used to explore the exocytotic nature of serotonin (5‐HT) release in human carcinoid BON cells, an in vitro human enterochromaffin cell model, to understand the mechanisms operating the release of gut‐derived 5‐HT in the intestinal mucosal epithelium. We show that the fractional vesicular 5‐HT release in BON cells is 80 % compared to previous work in pancreatic beta cells (34 %). The fractional release increased from 80 % in control BON cells to 87 % with 5‐HT preincubation and nearly 100 % with the combination of 5‐HT and the 5‐HT4 autoreceptor agonist, cisapride. Thus, partial release is the primary mechanism of exocytosis in BON cells, resulting in a variable amount of the vesicular content being released. Factors that control secretion of 5‐HT from enterochromaffin cells or BON cells are important as partial release provides a mechanism for development of effective therapeutic strategies to treat gastrointestinal diseases.
A novel imidazole‐derived Schiff base as selective and sensitive colorimetric chemosensor for fluorescent detection of Cu2+ in methanol with mixed aqueous medium
Authors: Slassi Siham , Aarjane Mohammed , Amine Amina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA highly efficient, selective, sensitive, and colorimetric chemosensor SB for Cu2+ detection with turn‐on fluorescence behavior in CH3–water solution was synthesized. A good enhancement of the intensity of fluorescence was detected by the incremental addition of Cu2+ after excitation at 286 nm. The fluorescence quantum yield (Ф) of SB–Cu2+ was calculated for 0.41. The responsive mechanism of SB to copper ion is involved for on the combined effects of C═N isomerization and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process and chelation‐enhanced fluorescence (CHEF). The detection limit for the fluorescent chemosensor SB toward Cu2+ was 0.6 × 10−6 M.
Histology education in an integrated, time‐restricted medical curriculum: Academic outcomes and students' study adaptations
Authors: Gribbin William , Wilson Eric A. , McTaggart Suzy , Hortsch Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn an ever‐changing medical curricular environment, time dedicated for anatomical education has been progressively reduced. This happened at the University of Michigan Medical School starting in 2016–2017 when preclinical medical education was condensed to one year. Histology instruction remained integrated in organ system courses but reduced to a lecture‐only format without scheduling time for laboratory exercises, requiring students to study virtual histology slides on their own time. In accordance with the shortened instructional time, the number of histology examination questions was reduced more than twofold. This study analyzed students' histology examination results and assessed their motivation to learn histology and use of educational opportunities before and after these curricular changes were implemented. Students' motivation to learn histology and their evaluation of histology lectures increased in the new curriculum. However, students devoted less study time to studying histology. Students' cumulative histology examination scores were significantly lower in the new curriculum and the number of students with overall scores <75%, defined as a substandard performance, increased more than 15‐fold. Academically weaker students' histology scores were disproportionately more affected. As medical educational strategies, priorities, and curricular frameworks continue to evolve, traditional didactic topics like histology will need to adapt to continue providing educational value to future health care providers.