bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using an artificial neural network to predict the residual stress induced by laser shock processing
Authors: Wu Jiajun , Liu Xuejun , Qiao Hongchao , Zhao Yongjie , Hu Xianliang , Yang Yuqi , Zhao Jibin 
Published: March 2021

With the purpose of using the artificial neural network (ANN) method to predict the residual stresses induced by laser shock processing (LSP), the Ni-Cr-Fe-based precipitation-hardening superalloy GH4169 was selected as the experimental material in this work, and the experimental samples were treated by LSP with laser power densities of

4.24

G
W

/

c
m

2

,

7.07

G
W

/

c
m

2

, and

9.90

G
W

/

c
m

2

and overlap rates of 10%, 30%, and 50%. The depth-wise residual stresses of experimental samples prior to and after LSP were taken according to the x-ray diffraction

sin

2

ψ

method and electrolytic-polished layer by layer. The ANN model for residual stress prediction was established, and the laser power density, overlap rate, and depth were set as input parameters, while residual stress was set as the output parameter. The residual stresses of untreated samples and those treated with laser power densities of

4.24

G
W

/

c
m

2

and

9.90

G
W

/

c
m

2

were selected as the training sets, and the data of experimental samples treated with a laser power density of

7.07

G
W

/

c
m

2

were reserved as testing sets for validating the trained network. After LSP, beneficial stable compressive residual stresses were introduced in the material’s near surface, and the overall maximum compressive residual stresses were formed on the top surface (surface residual stress). Depending on the LSP process parameters, the surface residual stresses ranged from

−

236

M
P
a

to

−

799

M
P
a

, and the compressive residual stress depths of all treated samples were over 0.50 mm. According to the results obtained by ANN, the coefficient of determination

R
2

of the training sets is 0.9948, which shows a good fitness for the training network. The

R
2

of the testing sets is 0.9931, which is less than that of the training sets but still shows high accuracy. This work proves that the ANN method can be applied to predict the residual stress of metallic materials by LSP treatment with high accuracy and provides a guiding value for the optimization of the LSP process.
Goos–Hänchen shift enhancement based on an improved differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Han Lei , Xu Chaoyu , Huang Tianye , Dang Xueyan , Li Chengying 
Published: March 2021

The Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift is one of the important aspects to evaluate the performance of multilayer surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. However, the conventional SPR sensor design procedure based on the fixed parameter scanning (FPS) method is complex and time-consuming, and makes it difficult to gain the optimized design. In this paper, in order to design the optimal GH-shift-based SPR sensor, an improved differential evolution (IDE) algorithm based on chaos mapping, fitness elimination mechanism, nonlinear scale factor, and cross probability control strategy is proposed. By using such an IDE algorithm, the Ag‐ITO‐TMDCs‐graphene structure can be optimized. By the IDE algorithm, after 9 iterations, the maximum fitness value is obtained in the Ag‐ITO‐

M
o
S

2

-graphene structure, the maximum GH shift is

16591

λ

, and the sensitivity is

3.3

×

10

8

λ

/

R
I
U

. Compared with the FPS method, the GH shift is increased 192 times, and the sensitivity is increased 25,707.6 times. Compared with the DE algorithm, the number of iterations and the efficiency of the IDE algorithm are enormously improved as well. Such an algorithm provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, approach for designing a multilayer SPR sensor.
Measurement-feedback control of the chiral photon emission from an atom chain into a nanofiber
Authors: Buonaiuto G. , Lesanovsky I. , Olmos B. 
Published: March 2021

We theoretically investigate measurement-based feedback control of a laser-driven one-dimensional atomic chain interfaced with a nanofiber. The interfacing leads to all-to-all interactions among the atomic emitters and induces chirality (i.e., the directional emission of photons into a preferred guided mode of the nanofiber). In the setting we consider, the measurement of guided light—conducted either by photon counting or through homodyne detection of the photocurrent quadratures—is fed back into the system through modulation of the driving laser field. We investigate how this feedback scheme allows control of the statistics of the photon counting and the quadratures of the light, as well as the many-body state of the atom chain. In particular, we identify regimes where both the photon counting rate and its fluctuations are dramatically enhanced. Moreover, we find that the action of homodyne detection feedback allows the alteration of the stationary state of the chain from a pure, dimer state, to a fully mixed one. Our results provide insights on how to control and engineer dynamics in light–matter networks realizable with state-of-the-art experimental setups.
Towards the elimination of leprosy in Yunnan, China: A time-series analysis of surveillance data
Authors: Shui Tie-Jun , Long Heng , Xiong Li , Zhang Xiao-hong , He Jun , Chen Xiaohua 
Published: March 2021

Background
This study reviews the progress of leprosy elimination in Yunnan, China, over the past 30 years and identifies the challenges for the next stage of the program.

Methodology/Principal findings
Data were collected from the Leprosy Management Information System in China (LEPMIS). The progress made in the elimination of leprosy between 1990 and 2019 was measured. We defined two time periods, time period 1 (1990–2003) and time period 2 (2004–2019), because multidrug therapy (MDT) was launched for the treatment of leprosy in 1990 and a special fund from the central government was established for leprosy in 2004. During the past 30 years, the number of newly detected leprosy patients in Yunnan has steadily declined. In total, 703 newly detected leprosy patients were reported in 1990, and 353 and 136 cases were reported at the end of 2003 and 2019, respectively. At the end of 1990, 90.7% (117/129) of counties in Yunnan Province were identified as leprosy-endemic counties (>1 case per 100,000 population). By the end of 2003 and 2019, 39.3% (46/117) and 85.5% (100/117) of the leprosy-endemic counties, respectively, had dropped below the elimination threshold. The main challenges are the remaining leprosy-endemic counties, the high rate of cases with a contact history, insufficient early detection, and leprosy cases resulting in physical disability.

Conclusions/Significance
A multifaceted strategy for leprosy elimination in Yunnan Province has been successfully implemented, and remarkable progress has been made in the elimination of leprosy in this area. The priorities for leprosy elimination in the next stage are securing sustainable support and investment from the government, establishing an effective surveillance system, ensuring prompt early detection, providing treatment with MDT, preventing transmission of M. leprae, preventing disability, providing health education, and preventing recurrence of the epidemic situation of leprosy.
Gender disparity in cases enrolled in clinical trials of visceral leishmaniasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dahal Prabin , Singh-Phulgenda Sauman , Olliaro Piero L. , Guerin Philippe J. 
Published: March 2021

Background
A higher caseload of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been observed among males in community-based surveys. We carried out this review to investigate how the observed disparity in gender distribution is reflected in clinical trials of antileishmanial therapies.

Methods
We identified relevant studies by searching a database of all published clinical trials in VL from 1980 through 2019 indexed in the Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO) VL clinical trials library. The proportion of male participants enrolled in studies eligible for inclusion in this review were extracted and combined using random effects meta-analysis of proportion. Results were expressed as percentages and presented with respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Heterogeneity was quantified using I2 statistics and sub-group meta-analyses were carried out to explore the sources of heterogeneity.

Results
We identified 135 published studies (1980–2019; 32,177 patients) with 68.0% [95% CI: 65.9%–70.0%; I2 = 92.6%] of the enrolled participants being males. The corresponding estimates were 67.6% [95% CI: 65.5%–69.7%; n = 91 trials; I2 = 90.5%; 24,218 patients] in studies conducted in the Indian sub-continent and 74.1% [95% CI: 68.4%–79.1%; n = 24 trials; I2 = 94.4%; 6,716 patients] in studies from Eastern Africa. The proportion of male participants was 57.9% [95% CI: 54.2%–61.5%] in studies enrolling children aged <15 years, 78.2% [95% CI: 66.0%–86.9%] in studies that enrolled adults (≥15 years), and 68.1% [95% CI: 65.9%–70.0%] in studies that enrolled patients of all ages. There was a trend for decreased proportions of males enrolled over time: 77.1% [95% CI: 70.2%–82.8%; 1356 patients] in studies published prior to the 1990s whereas 64.3% [95% CI: 60.3%–68.2%; 15,611 patients] in studies published on or after 2010. In studies that allowed the inclusion of patients with HIV co-infections, 76.5% [95% CI: 63.8%–85.9%; 5,123 patients] were males and the corresponding estimate was 64.0% [95% CI: 61.4%–66.5% 17,500 patients] in studies which excluded patients with HIV co-infections.

Conclusions
Two-thirds of the participants enrolled in clinical studies in VL conducted in the past 40 years were males, though the imbalance was less in children and in more recent trials. VL treatment guidelines are informed by the knowledge of treatment outcomes from a population that is heavily skewed towards adult males. Investigators planning future studies should consider this fact and ensure approaches for more gender-balanced inclusion.
Progress and challenges in potential access to oral health primary care services in Brazil: A population-based panel study with latent transition analysis
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Graziela Araujo , Martins Rafiza Félix Marão , Vissoci João Ricardo Nickenig , da Silva Núbia Cristina , Rocha Thiago Augusto Hernandes , Queiroz Rejane Christine de Sousa , Tonello Aline Sampieri , Staton Catherine A. , Facchini Luiz Augusto , Thomaz Erika Bárbara Abreu Fonseca 
Published: March 2021

Objective
Compared indicators of potential access to oral health services sought in two cycles of the Program for Improvement of Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB), verifying whether the program generated changes in access to oral health services.

Methods
Transitional analysis of latent classes was used to analyze two cross-sections of the external evaluation of the PMAQ-AB (Cycle I: 2011–2012 and Cycle II: 2013–2014), identifying completeness classes for a structure and work process related to oral health. Consider three indicators of structure (presence of a dental surgeon, existence of a dental office and operating at minimum hours) and five of the work process (scheduling every day of the week, home visits, basic dental procedures, scheduling for spontaneous demand and continuation of treatment). Choropleth maps and hotspots were made.

Results
The proportion of elements that had one or more dentist (CD), dental office and operated at minimum hours varied from 65.56% to 67.13 between the two cycles of the PMAQ-AB. The number of teams that made appointments every day of the week increased 8.7% and those that made home visits varied from 44.51% to 52.88%. The reduction in the number of teams that reported guaranteeing the agenda for accommodating spontaneous demand, varying from 62.41% to 60.11% and in the continuity of treatment, varying from 63.41% to 61.11%. For the structure of health requirements, the predominant completeness profile was "Best completeness" in both cycles, comprising 71.0% of the sets at time 1 and 67.0% at time 2. The proportion of teams with "Best completeness" increased by 89.1%, the one with "Worst completeness" increased by 20%, while those with "Average completeness" decreased by 66.3%.

Conclusion
We identified positive changes in the indicators of potential access to oral health services, expanding the users’ ability to use them. However, some access attributes remain unsatisfactory, with organizational barriers persisting.
Impact of pulmonary rehabilitation in sleep in COPD patients measured by actigraphy
Authors: Thapamagar Suman B. , Ellstrom Kathleen , Anholm James D. , Fargo Ramiz A. , Dandamudi Nagamani 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have poor sleep quality, longer time to sleep onset and frequent nocturnal awakenings. Poor sleep quality in COPD is associated with poor quality of life (QoL), increased exacerbations and increased mortality. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves functional status and QoL in COPD but effects on sleep are unclear. PR improves subjective sleep quality but there is paucity of objective actigraphy data. We hypothesized that actigraphy would demonstrate subjective and objective improvement in sleep following PR. Paired comparisons (t-test or Wilcoxon-signed-rank test) were performed before and after PR data on all variables.

Methods
This retrospective study of COPD patients undergoing PR utilized actigraphy watch recordings before and after 8-weeks of PR to assess changes in sleep variables including total time in bed (TBT), total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep efficiency (SE), wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) and total nocturnal awakenings. A change in Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was a secondary outcome. PSQI was performed before and after PR.

Results
Sixty-nine patients were included in the final analysis. Most participants were male (97%), non-obese (median BMI 27.5, IQR 24.3 to 32.4 kg/m2) with an average age of 69 ± 8 years and 71% had severe COPD (GOLD stage 3 or 4). Prevalence of poor sleep quality (PSQI ≥5) was 86%. Paired comparisons did not show improvement in actigraphic sleep parameters following 8-weeks PR despite improvements in 6-min-walk distance (6MWD, mean improvement 54 m, 95% CI 34 m to 74 m, p<0.0001) and St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire scores (SGRQ, mean improvement 7.7 points, 95% CI 5.2 to 10.2, p<0.0001). Stratified analysis of all sleep variables by severity of COPD, BMI, mood, mental status, 6-MWD and SGRQ did not show significant improvement after PR. In Veterans with poor sleep quality (PSQI ≥ 5), PR improved subjective sleep quality (PSQI, mean difference 0.79, 95% CI 0.07 to 1.40, p = 0.03).

Conclusions
Pulmonary rehabilitation improved subjective sleep quality in Veterans who had poor sleep quality at the beginning of the PR but did not improve objective sleep parameters by actigraphy. Our findings highlight the complex interactions among COPD, sleep and exercise.
Stroke risk in arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Liu Wei , Ma Wei , Liu Hua , Li Chunyan , Zhang Yangwei , Liu Jie , Liang Yu , Zhang Sijia , Wu Zhen , Zang Chenghao , Guo Jianhui , Li Liyan 
Published: March 2021

Background and objective
Stroke is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Although numerous modifiable risk factors (RF) for stroke have been identified, some remain unexplained. Increasing studies have investigated stroke risk in arthritis, but their results are inconsistent. We aimed to synthesize, quantify, and compare the risk of stroke for the major types of arthritis in cohort studies by using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach.

Methods
We searched Chinese and English databases to identify relevant studies from inception to April 30, 2020. Only studies adjusting at least for age and sex were included. We calculated pooled effect estimates for relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) and identified potential sources of heterogeneity and publication bias.

Results
A total of 1,348 articles were retrieved, and after an preliminary screening of titles and abstracts, 69 were reviewed for full text, and finally, 32 met the criteria for meta-analysis. Stroke risk in arthritis was significantly increased in studies adjusting for age and sex (RR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.27–1.46) and for at least one traditional risk factor (RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.28–1.54). The results of studies stratified by stroke subtype were consistent with the main finding (ischemic stroke: RR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.32–1.78; hemorrhagic stroke: RR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15–1.84). In subgroup analysis by arthritis type, stroke risk was significantly increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.29–1.48), ankylosing spondylitis (RR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.25–1.77), psoriatic arthritis (RR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.22–1.45), and gout (RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.13–1.73) but not osteoarthritis (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.91–1.16). Age and sex subgroup analyses indicated that stroke risk was similar by sex (women: RR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.31–1.66; men: RR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.28–1.61); risk was higher with younger age (<45 years) (RR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.17–1.82) than older age (≥65 years) (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.08–1.26).

Conclusions
Stroke risk was increased in multiple arthritis and similar between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Young patients with arthritis had the highest risk.
Improving the precision of modeling the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in mainland China with an ensemble machine learning approach
Authors: Ye Guo-hua , Alim Mirxat , Guan Peng , Huang De-sheng , Zhou Bao-sen , Wu Wei 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveHemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), one of the main public health concerns in mainland China, is a group of clinically similar diseases caused by hantaviruses. Statistical approaches have always been leveraged to forecast the future incidence rates of certain infectious diseases to effectively control their prevalence and outbreak potential. Compared to the use of one base model, model stacking can often produce better forecasting results. In this study, we fitted the monthly reported cases of HFRS in mainland China with a model stacking approach and compared its forecasting performance with those of five base models.MethodWe fitted the monthly reported cases of HFRS ranging from January 2004 to June 2019 in mainland China with an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model; the Holt-Winter (HW) method, seasonal decomposition of the time series by LOESS (STL); a neural network autoregressive (NNAR) model; and an exponential smoothing state space model with a Box-Cox transformation; ARMA errors; and trend and seasonal components (TBATS), and we combined the forecasting results with the inverse rank approach. The forecasting performance was estimated based on several accuracy criteria for model prediction, including the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE).ResultThere was a slight downward trend and obvious seasonal periodicity inherent in the time series data for HFRS in mainland China. The model stacking method was selected as the best approach with the best performance in terms of both fitting (RMSE 128.19, MAE 85.63, MAPE 8.18) and prediction (RMSE 151.86, MAE 118.28, MAPE 13.16).ConclusionThe results showed that model stacking by using the optimal mean forecasting weight of the five abovementioned models achieved the best performance in terms of predicting HFRS one year into the future. This study has corroborated the conclusion that model stacking is an easy way to enhance prediction accuracy when modeling HFRS.
Accurate point-of-care serology tests for COVID-19
Authors: Schuler Charles F. , Gherasim Carmen , O’Shea Kelly , Manthei David M. , Chen Jesse , Giacherio Don , Troost Jonathan P. , Baldwin James L. , Baker James R. 
Published: March 2021

Background
As COVID-19 vaccines become available, screening individuals for prior COVID-19 infection and vaccine response in point-of-care (POC) settings has renewed interest. We prospectively screened at-risk individuals for SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid protein antibodies in a POC setting to determine if it was a feasible method to identify antibody from prior infection.

Methods
Three EUA-approved lateral flow antibody assays were performed on POC finger-stick blood and compared with serum and a CLIA nucleocapsid antibody immunoassay. Variables including antibody class, time since PCR, and the assay antigen used were evaluated.

Results
512 subjects enrolled, of which 104 had a COVID-19 history and positive PCR. Only three PCR-positive subjects required hospitalization, with one requiring mechanical ventilation. The POC results correlated well with the immunoassay (93–97% sensitivity) and using serum did not improve the sensitivity or specificity.

Conclusions
Finger-stick, POC COVID-19 antibody testing was highly effective in identifying antibody resulting from prior infections in mildly symptomatic subjects. Using high-complexity serum immunoassays did not improve the screening outcome. Almost all individuals with COVID-19 infection produced detectable antibodies to the virus. POC antibody testing is useful as a screen for prior COVID-19 infection, and should be useful in assessing vaccine response.
The Sun and Her Stars: Salka Viertel and Hitler’s Exiles in the Golden Age of Hollywood, Donna Rifkind (2020)
Authors: Helsing Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Review of: The Sun and Her Stars: Salka Viertel and Hitler’s Exiles in the Golden Age of Hollywood, Donna Rifkind (2020)
New York: Other Press, 560 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-59051-721-5, h/bk, $30
EL CUERPO HABLA: PESQUISA-CRIAÇÃO
Authors: Chaverra Brand Angela María 
Published: March 2021

A pesquisa-criação que apresentamos aborda, a partir de um ato de fabulaçãocom a comunidade, por meio da performance como um dispositivo, o desdobrar de um tema controverso na história da arte ocidental; a proposta está em compreender a arte como acontecimento social e político, mais do que obra de arte finalizada. Isto se mostra em três aspectos fundamentais propostos por Guattari: a ética, a estética e as produções de subjetividade, por meio do levantamento de uma cartografia social como uma estratégia artístico-política na qual a comunidade intervém no papel de intercessora do processo, o que permite inferir nas dinâmicas pedagógicas, sociais, políticas e criativas da sociedade e fazer da vida uma obra de arte, como resposta ao mal-estar contemporâneo.
The Senses in Court
Authors: Cristellon Cecilia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The growth of written culture between the twelfth and thirteenth centuries made it possible to preserve information on customary lore and on cultures that were expressed and perpetuated through the senses. Once transcribed, these sensory experiences became subordinate to a medium (writing) that claimed to replace their performative and legal efficacy, eventually relegating them to the realm of folklore, superstition, and deviance. Using two case studies, matrimonial litigation and proceedings about sanctity, this article examines the role of the senses in performing and proving legal reality in early modern ecclesiastical courts. It analyzes the dynamics of a sensory community with shared sensory norms, practices, and perceptions. Looking at culturally coded senses as a basis for regulating social relationships and creating and transferring collective memory, I ref lect on the hierarchy of the senses that accompanied the process of institutionalization and was marked by gender competition.