bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frailty, post‐operative delirium and functional status at discharge in patients with hip fracture
Authors: Gandossi Chiara Maria , Zambon Antonella , Oliveri Giulia , Codognola Martina , Szabo Hajnalka , Cazzulani Ilaria , Ferrara Maria Cristina , Mottadelli Chiara , Galeazzi Marianna , Amoroso Isabella , Zarcone Cristina , Principato Giulia , Corsi Maurizio , Mazzola Paolo , Zatti Giovanni , Foti Giuseppe , Bellelli Giuseppe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the effect of frailty, alone and in combination with post‐operative delirium (POD), on the risk of poor function at discharge in patients with hip fracture (HF).MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study of patients with HF admitted to an Orthogeriatric Unit (OGU) between October 1, 2011 and March 15, 2019. POD was assessed using the 4AT and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 5‐edition criteria. A 22‐items Frailty Index (FI) was created using the data collected on admission. The outcome measure was the Cumulated Ambulation Score (CAS) score at discharge. A log‐binomial regression model was used to assess the effect of frailty and POD on CAS.ResultsA total of 988 patients (median age = 84.9 years, Interquartile range = 80.6‐89.2) were included: 360 patients (36.4%) were frail and 411 (42%) developed POD. Poor functional status at discharge (CAS score ≤2) was more common in frail than non‐frail patients (68.3% vs. 53.8%, p < 0.001) In a regression adjusted for confounders, frailty alone (Relative Risk, RR = 1.33, 95% Confidence Intervals, CI = 1.14–1.55) and POD alone (RR 1.38, 95% CI = 1.2–1.59) were associated with poor functional status at discharge; when combined, frailty and POD had an interaction, yielding a mild increase in the risk of poor outcome (RR 1.47, 95% CI = 1.28–1.69).ConclusionsIn older patients undergoing HF surgery, frailty, POD and their combination, are associated with poor functional status at discharge.
Identifying the optimal candidates for locoregional radiation therapy in patients with de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Xu Hanchuan , Lu Lihu , Lu Tianzhu , Xu Yun , Zong Jingfeng , Huang Chaobin , Lin Fengjie , Zheng Yahan , Lin Cheng , Lin Senan , Qiu Sufang , Pan Jianji , Lin Shaojun , Guo Qiaojuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the value of locoregional radiation therapy (LRRT) in de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (mNPC) and identify suitable candidates for additional LRRT after palliative chemotherapy (PCT).MethodsPatients with de novo mNPC received platinum‐based chemotherapy for a minimum of four cycles with or without definitive LRRT via intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) were all candidates for this study.ResultsA total of 168 patients were included for this analysis. Additional LRRT was associated with significantly longer median OS (69.5 vs. 17.8 months, p < 0.001) when compared with PCT alone. However, this survival benefit of LRRT was only reflected in patients with oligometastatic diseases (90.8 vs. 17 months, p < 0.001), but not for those with polymetastatic disease (p = 0.86).ConclusionsAdditional LRRT after PCT may only improve OS for oligometastatic patients. For patients with polymetastatic disease, intensive systemic treatment such as the combination of immunotherapy and adequate PCT might be necessary.
Internet of medical things embedding deep learning with data augmentation for mammogram density classification
Authors: Sadad Tariq , Khan Amjad Rehman , Hussain Ayyaz , Tariq Usman , Fati Suliman Mohamed , Bahaj Saeed Ali , Munir Asim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFemales are approximately half of the total population worldwide, and most of them are victims of breast cancer (BC). Computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) frameworks can help radiologists to find breast density (BD), which further helps in BC detection precisely. This research detects BD automatically using mammogram images based on Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) supported devices. Two pretrained deep convolutional neural network models called DenseNet201 and ResNet50 were applied through a transfer learning approach. A total of 322 mammogram images containing 106 fatty, 112 dense, and 104 glandular cases were obtained from the Mammogram Image Analysis Society dataset. The pruning out irrelevant regions and enhancing target regions is performed in preprocessing. The overall classification accuracy of the BD task is performed and accomplished 90.47% through DensNet201 model. Such a framework is beneficial in identifying BD more rapidly to assist radiologists and patients without delay.
A new focus measure operator for enhancing image focus in 3D shape recovery
Authors: Jang Hoon‐Seok , Yun Guhnoo , Mutahira Husna , Muhammad Mannan Saeed 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMeasuring the image focus is an important issue in Shape from Focus methods. Conventionally, the Sum of Modified Laplacian, Gray Level Variance (GLV), and Tenengrad techniques have been used frequently among various focus measure operators for estimating the focus levels in a sequence of images. However, they have various issues such as fixed window size and suboptimal focus quality. To solve these problems, a new focus measure operator based on the adaptive sum of weighted modified Laplacian is proposed. First, the adaptive window size selection algorithm based on the GLV is applied. Next, appropriate weights are assigned to the Modified Laplacian values in the image window based on the distance between the center pixel and neighboring pixels. Finally, the Weighted Modified Laplacian values in the image window are summed. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Seed morphometry and ultrastructure studies on some Turkish orchids (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Süngü Şeker Şenay , Akbulut Mustafa Kemal , Şenel Gülcan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOrchid seeds have great morphological variations that imply the phylogenetic relationship of the species depending on the biodiversity of the family or act as an adaptation to seed dispersal mechanisms depending on the life form. This study aims to both describe and analyse the qualitative and quantitative traits of 12 Turkish orchids representing epidendroids and orchidoids in detail to investigate which properties are diagnostic among these taxa and also reveal if seed properties are differentiated in relationship to the ecological preferences of the studied species. Both qualitative and quantitative features were determined, and measurements were obtained using light and scanning electron microscopy. We applied the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis and canonical discriminant analysis to the qualitative and quantitative traits. Furthermore, we analyzed the same orchid seed in correlation with ecological traits such as habitats and the elevation preferences of species. This study confirmed the usefulness of both data sets for effectively assessing the variation of orchid seeds. Although the seed characters such as the cell shape differences in the chalazal or medial region, seed sizes, cell numbers on the longitudinal axis, and periclinal wall ornamentation are taxonomically conserved, some other characteristics such as seed shape, the absence of periclinal wall ornamentation, and larger embryo size imply ecological adaptation or developmental achievement for germination. This study confirms the diagnostic value of both qualitative and quantitative seed features, which are effective in explaining the orchid seed variety.
Screening fertilizers for their phosphorus runoff risk using laboratory methods
Authors: da Silva Rodrigo C. , Degryse Fien , Baird Roslyn , Mallarino Antonio P. , McLaughlin Michael J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLosses of phosphorus (P) from fertilized fields may result in degradation of water quality. Various initiatives are under evaluation to minimize water contamination, including the adoption of less soluble or coated P fertilizer formulations aiming to mitigate losses of P in runoff. Field‐based rainfall simulators are traditionally used to evaluate P runoff, but using these is time consuming, labor intensive, and costly given the complex apparatus and analyses involved. We hypothesized that laboratory‐based methods could be useful to evaluate the risk of P runoff from fertilizers. In order to identify a rapid, inexpensive, and efficient screening process, we compared two laboratory‐scale measurements, one in water (based on electrical conductivity measurements) and one in soil (based on visualization of P diffusion in soil), with runoff results from field‐, glasshouse‐, and laboratory‐based rainfall simulators, using coated soluble phosphate fertilizers. The laboratory‐based methods assessing the P release rate in water and in soil correlated closely (r ≥ .96) with the losses of P obtained in the three rainfall simulators regardless of the type of coating or solubility of the fertilizer. The faster and inexpensive electrical conductivity and diffusion visualization methodologies were useful to rank the fertilizers by P release to runoff. Hence, these tools may be useful for screening fertilizer formulations with respect to their runoff risk.
A new framework for the identification of flash drought: Multivariable and probabilistic statistic perspectives
Authors: Hu Chen , Xia Jun , She Dunxian , Li Lingcheng , Song Zhihong , Hong Si 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFlash drought is distinguished with seasonal drought by its characteristics of sudden onset and rapid intensification, and has attracted increasing concern due to the severe negative impacts on socioeconomic development and ecosystems. To accurate identify the onset time and propagation of flash drought is still a big challenge, as it is influenced by many factors (e.g., deficit in precipitation, increase in evapotranspiration and temperature, shortage in soil moisture, and etc.). This study aims to develop a probabilistic and multivariable flash drought identification method (PMFDI) from the perspective of considering the interaction effects from different driving factors on flash drought occurrence and propagation with a multivariable statistical tool. The PMFDI uses the weekly standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index and the standardized soil moisture index to describe the abnormally changes in multiple hydrometeorological variables over a short duration. The linearly multivariable index (LMI) is employed to describe the correlation relationship between multiple hydrometeorological variables and to identify flash droughts from the aspects of sudden onset and rapid intensification. We select the Loess Plateau (LP) in China to verify the efficiency of the developed PMFDI with the comparison to the other two recently proposed flash drought identification methods. The results indicate that PMFDI can identify high‐ and low‐ frequency regions similar to those identified by the other two methods and can generally recognize actual flash droughts. In addition, the PMFDI can capture the comprehensive impact of multiple hydrometeorological variables as well as their interaction on flash drought occurrence, which provides a useful perspective to understand the propagation processes of the actual flash droughts in the LP.
The Effect of the Sequence of Creative Processes on the Quality of the Ideas: The Benefit of a Simultaneous Focus on Originality and Feasibility
Authors: Baruah Jonali , Paulus Paul B. , Kohn Nicholas W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA major challenge in the process of innovation is to generate quality products that are original as well as feasible, because these features are associated with contradictory cognitive thought processes. This study investigated whether opportunities to engage in an idea generation, selection, and subsequent refinement with a simultaneous focus on originality and feasibility would enhance innovation. Experiment 1 examined whether a linear focus or a simultaneous focus on feasibility and originality in the process of first generating ideas and then refining them enhanced the overall quality of ideas. The simultaneous focus resulted in the highest originality and elaboration of ideas. Experiment 2 involved four stages of innovation—generation, selection, and two refinement phases—with a varied order of focus in the two refinement phases. Consistent with a dialectical approach to creativity, an iterative focus on feasibility and originality in the refinement phase was most beneficial in enhancing the quality of the ideas. The extent of idea elaboration played a mediation role in the development of ideas during the refinement phase of innovation.
Effects of salt concentration on the quality of paocai, a fermented vegetable product from China
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Song Ge , He Zhen , Zhao Mingwei , Cao Xinying , Lin Xinping , Ji Chaofan , Zhang Sufang , Liang Huipeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPaocai is a traditional Chinese fermented vegetable food. As the most important ingredient, salt has crucial effects on the bacterial community and volatile compounds of paocai. To demonstrate the effects of salt on the fermentation of paocai, the bacterial composition and volatile compounds were investigated using high‐throughput sequencing and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS).RESULTSThe salt had no significant effects on the bacterial community at the phylum level. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes gradually decreased during the fermentation, and Firmicutes gradually increased as the dominant bacteria in the late stage of fermentation. At the genus level, Lactobacillus and Lactococcus gradually increased in relative abundance during the fermentation and became the dominant bacteria in paocai. High salt levels can contribute to the growth of Lactobacillus, which became the dominant genus in paocai. The salt concentration affected the profiles of volatile compounds in paocai after fermentation. A total of 42 volatile components were detected by GC–MS, among which phenols, aldehydes, and nitriles were the main ones. A high salt concentration will increase the volatile compound content, mainly aldehydes and alcohols, and improve the flavor of paocai. At the same time, the electronic tongue analysis also showed that a high salt concentration made a major contribution to the flavor of paocai.CONCLUSIONSThese data are helpful to elucidate the effects of salt on the quality of paocai and contribute to improving the quality and reducing the use of salt. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cultivating destination brand ambassadors in rural China: Examining the role of residents' welcoming nature
Authors: Wang Haihong , Xiong Lina , Gage Rick 
Published: April 2021

AbstractConsistent with growing research interest in local residents' roles and resident‐tourist relationship in destination marketing and branding, this study examines how residents' welcoming nature affects their destination brand advocacy and brand‐consistent behaviors in a rural destination in China. Focusing on destination branding in rural China and drawing upon internal branding literature, this study further examines how resident perceived interaction quality with tourists transforms their welcoming nature into destination brand‐supporting behaviors. Findings offer strong empirical results that highlight a critical internal branding perspective for mobilizing residents to support the destination brand. This study offers further theoretical and practical insights to an internally driven approach that cultivates destination brand ambassadors.
Molecular Polymer Brushes Made via Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization from Cleavable RAFT Macromonomers
Authors: Gegenhuber Thomas , Müllner Markus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe use of labile covalent bonds such as oximes and acetals for their application in the synthesis, and controlled triggered deconstruction, of molecular polymer brushes (MPBs) is reported. Macromonomers (MMs) are produced via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using chain transfer agents (CTAs) featuring customized labile moieties. Ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of the MMs using the grafting‐through approach produced MPBs in which the cleavable CTA is incorporated along the backbone, between the brush mainchain and its side chains. Degradation (i.e., the detachment of side chains) of the brush is possible through exposure to an acid stimulus. Especially, ketoxime, solketal, and ethoxyethyl (EE) acetal‐based motifs demonstrate excellent orthogonality to the polymerization protocols. This study highlights how polymer architectures can be built from, and reverted to, single polymer chains by using well‐designed CTAs in a straight‐forward approach.
Theoretical investigation of the impact of different timing schemes in hypofractionated radiotherapy
Authors: Stavrev Pavel V. , Stavreva Nadejda , Ruggieri Ruggero , Nahum Alan E. , Tsonev Pavlin , Penev Dimitar , Pressyanov Dobromir 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThis study compares the effectiveness of three fractionation schemes of equal fraction size, comprising five fractions of SBRT over 5 days, 10 days, or 15 days, respectively.MethodThis comparative study is based on two tumor‐control‐probability (TCP) models that take into account tumor cell re‐sensitization and repopulation during treatment; the Zaider‐Minerbo‐Stavreva (ZMS) and the Ruggieri‐Nahum (RN) models. The ZMS model is further modified to include also re‐sensitization according to the β mechanism of the linear‐quadratic (LQ) model of cell killing. The modified version of the ZMS model is verified through fitting to the experimental data set of Fisher and Moulder. The study applies an idea used in a plan ranking methodology developed for the case when the specific values of the model parameters are not known.ResultsThe TCPs of the compared regimens are calculated for various values of the model parameters and for two different values of the dose per fraction. The TCPs are presented as 2‐D functions of two of the model parameters for each model correspondingly. The differences between the TCPs of each of the prolonged regimens and the TCP of the every week day regimen are also calculated for each model.ConclusionsBoth models predict that the prolonged regimens are superior in terms of TCP to the every week‐day one for most of the studied cases; however this is shown to exist to a different degree by the two models. It is shown again to a different degree that reversed situations where the every week day schedule is better than the prolonged regimens are also possible. It is concluded that a 30% TCP difference observed in a clinical study in favor of the fifteen‐day regimen is theoretically possible. However, the fifteen‐day regimen is outperformed in terms of TCP by the every week day regimen in more cases than the regimen lasting ten days. Therefore the choice of a prolongation in time must be made with care.
Machine learning–based uncertainty modelling of mechanical properties of soft clays relating to time‐dependent behavior and its application
Authors: Zhang Pin , Jin Yin‐Fu , Yin Zhen‐Yu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUncertainty is a commonplace and significant issue in geotechnical engineering. Unlike conventional statistical and machine learning methods, this study presents a novel approach to correlating soil properties that takes uncertainty into account using an artificial neural network with Monte Carlo dropout (ANN_MCD). An uncertainty model for two important soil properties, creep index Cα, and hydraulic conductivity k, that control the long‐term performance of geotechnical structures is proposed in a function of three soil physical properties using ANN_MCD. Evaluation of the accuracy, uncertainty, and monotonicity of the predicted results for both Cα and k reveals the excellent performance of the proposed model, which is used to simulate the long‐term settling and excess pore pressure of an embankment on soft clays. The predicted results show good agreement with observations, within a 95% confidence interval. All results indicate that the proposed ANN_MCD‐based modelling approach can be used to rapidly correlate soil properties with an uncertainty evaluation and can be further combined with numerical modelling to analyze an engineering‐scale problem and conduct risk assessment.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Asymmetrically Difunctionalized Oligomaltosides by Cyclodextrin Ring Opening
Authors: Pélingre Matthieu , Smadhi Meriem , Bil Abed , Bonnet Véronique , Kovensky José 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of pure difunctionalized hexa‐, hepta‐ and octamaltosides was performed by one‐pot chemical reaction from perbenzoylated cyclodextrin. Oligomaltosides with azide, propargyl or allyl on reducing end and an unprotected hydroxyl group on non‐reducing end were obtained from perbenzoylated α‐, β‐ and γ‐cyclodextrin with 12 to 48 % yields.
Impact of therapy on cancer metabolism in high‐risk localized prostate cancer treated with neoadjuvant docetaxel and androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Qu Feng , Gu Yue , Xue Mengxia , He Mingzhe , Zhou Fang , Wang Guangji , Peng Ying 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe application of neoadjuvant docetaxel and androgen deprivation therapy before radical prostatectomy has been clinically recognized as beneficial for the overall and progression‐free survival of patients with advanced prostate cancer. However, the mechanism underlying its clinical efficacy has not yet been reported.MethodsWe conducted a randomized comparative study on about 100 patients with high‐risk localized prostate cancer. Through nontarget metabolomics and tissue microarray immunohistochemistry, we investigated the difference in the endogenous metabolism of tumors in patients with prostate cancer who received or did not receive the neoadjuvant therapy.ResultsMany endogenous metabolic pathways, especially nucleotide synthesis, glutathione metabolism, citric acid cycle, and lipid synthesis, in prostate cancer tissue were altered after the neoadjuvant treatment, and the levels of nearly 90% of the differentially regulated metabolites were significantly decreased. Moreover, the levels of key enzymes in the cellular energy pathways were downregulated in tumor tissues and upregulated in adjacent tissues after the treatment. The positive and negative effects of the neoadjuvant therapy on normal and tumor cells in the prostate, respectively, resulted in the activation of the former and inhibition of the latter, which helped in reducing the number of tumors and weakened their aggressiveness.ConclusionsFrom the perspective of endogenous metabolism in tumors, we have confirmed that neoadjuvant therapy can significantly downregulate important pathways for biosynthesis and energy metabolism in prostate cancer tissue, and thereby, inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.