bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive topology optimization under suitably graded THB‐spline refinement and coarsening
Authors: Xie Xianda , Yang Aodi , Jiang Ning , Zhao Wei , Liang Zhaoshun , Wang Shuting 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the present work, we propose an adaptive topology optimization (TO) method under suitably graded truncated hierarchical B‐spline refinement and coarsening (SGTHB‐TO). A series of algorithms have been devised to implement admissible adaptivity of SGTHB‐TO by resorting to the definitions of suitably graded isogeometric hierarchical meshes. We apply the proposed SGTHB‐TO method to two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional TO problems of compliance and compliant mechanism. According to the numerical results, SGTHB‐TOs with or without admissible restriction share similar optimization processes, except that numerical artifact, such as edge blurring and islanding gray regions occurring in SGTHB‐TO without admissible restriction, can be eliminated by SGTHB‐TO with admissible parameter equaling to 2. Besides, the convergence rate can be largely accelerated by imposing an admissible constraint on SGTHB‐TO for TO problems with geometric nonlinearity existing in the design domain, which is attributed to the improved numerical accuracy by the admissible adaptive discretization scheme of isogeometric analysis (IGA). Therefore, the SGTHB‐TO method with the admissible parameter equaling to 2 is a more effective adaptive TO method than SGTHB‐TO without considering admissible restriction, in terms of both numerical stability and convergence rate.
Artemisia scoparia promotes adipogenesis in the absence of adipogenic effectors
Authors: Harvey Innocence , Stephens Jacqueline M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveExtracts of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) have antidiabetic properties in mice and enhance adipogenesis in vitro, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Thiazolidinediones, including rosiglitazone (ROSI), are pharmacological activators of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma that also promote adipogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine adipogenic pathways responsible for SCO‐mediated adipogenesis and identify potential differences between SCO and ROSI in the ability to promote adipocyte development.MethodsThe ability of SCO or ROSI to promote adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 cells following systematic omission of the common triad of adipogenic effectors dexamethasone, 1‐methyl‐3‐isobutylxanthine (MIX), and insulin was examined. Adipogenesis was assessed by both neutral lipid quantitation and adipocyte marker gene expression.ResultsThe results demonstrate that SCO and ROSI promote adipogenesis and increase the expression of several peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma target genes involved in lipid accumulation in the absence of MIX. However, ROSI can enhance adipogenesis in the absence of MIX and insulin and differentially regulates adipogenic and lipid metabolism genes as compared with SCO.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate the adipogenic capabilities of SCO are similar but not identical to ROSI, thereby warranting further research into SCO as a promising source of therapeutic compounds in the treatment of metabolic disease states.
‘We did everything we could’– a qualitative study exploring the acceptability of maternal‐fetal surgery for spina bifida to parents
Authors: Crombag Neeltje , Sacco Adalina , Stocks Bernadette , De Vloo Philippe , van der Merwe Johannes , Gallagher Katie , David Anna , Marlow Neil , Deprest Jan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the concepts and strategies parents employ when considering maternal‐fetal surgery (MFS) as an option for the management of spina bifida (SB) in their fetus, and how this determines the acceptability of the intervention.MethodsA two‐centre interview study enrolling parents whose fetuses with SB were eligible for MFS. To assess differences in acceptability, parents opting for MFS (n = 24) were interviewed at three different moments in time: prior to the intervention, directly after the intervention and 3‐6 months after birth. Parents opting for termination of pregnancy (n = 5) were interviewed only once. Themes were identified and organised in line with the framework of acceptability.ResultsTo parents opting for MFS, the intervention was perceived as an opportunity that needed to be taken. Feelings of parental responsibility drove them to do anything in their power to improve their future child’s situation. Expectations seemed to be realistic yet were driven by hope for the best outcome. None expressed decisional regret at any stage, despite substantial impact and, at times, disappointing outcomes. For the small group of participants, who decided to opt for termination of pregnancy (TOP), MFS was not perceived as an intervention that substantially could improve the quality of their future child’s life.ConclusionProspective parents opting for MFS were driven by their feelings of parental responsibility. They recognise the fetus as their future child and value information and care focusing on optimising the child’s future health. In the small group of parents opting for TOP, MFS was felt to offer insufficient certainty of substantial improvement in quality of life and the perceived severe impact of SB drove their decision to end the pregnancy.
Mindfulness interventions for physical and psychological outcomes in cancer patients and caregivers: Non‐English literature may be lost in translation due to language bias
Authors: Nnate Daniel A. , Igwe Sylvester E. , Abaraogu Ukachukwu O. 
Published: July 2021

Key points

Although mindfulness practices have originated in East Asia, including non‐English literature in systematic reviews of mindfulness interventions for cancer care will enable researchers to explore its application in various cultural contexts.

A systematic analysis of online bibliographic databases: AMED, Embase, CINHAL, LILACS, MEDLINE, ProQuest Central, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, and WoS revealed that non‐English literature accounted for 2.72% of original research papers on mindfulness where no language restriction was applied.

This suggests that the exclusion of non‐English literature in systematic reviews on mindfulness interventions for cancer care may not lead to a biased effect size if a search is restricted to articles indexed in an English language‐specific database.

In comparison, an exploratory analysis of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database revealed a higher percentage, up to 19.2% of indexed non‐English language literature.

The authors caution that results of systematic reviews of mindfulness interventions that exclude non‐English databases may still constitute a biased generalizability because most literature published in non‐English journals are not indexed in major research databases.
Choosing HIPS over PRD: It is more than risk reduction
Authors: Summers Angela E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigh integrity protective systems (HIPS) are often introduced into the process design package during late‐stage engineering for a new process or integrated with installed equipment in an existing process unit. The decision to use HIPS in addition to, or as an alternative to, a pressure relief device for a particular hazard scenario is generally based on a combination of factors, including technical, regulatory, and capital costs. This paper discusses functional, design, engineering, operation, and maintenance considerations that should be factored into the decision process when choosing HIPS to protect against overpressure scenarios.
Assessment of management practices, awareness on safe use of pesticides and perception on integrated management of pests and diseases of chilli and tomato grown by small‐scale farmers in selected districts of Sri Lanka
Authors: De Costa Devika M , De Costa Janendra M , Weerathunga Manasee T , Prasannath Kandeeparoopan , Bulathsinhalage Virajinee ND 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, we surveyed through a structured and pilot‐tested questionnaire, the practices of pesticide usage by small‐scale (< 1.25 ha) chilli and tomato farmers from four districts of Sri Lanka and their perceptions on the effectiveness of pesticides and willingness to adopt integrated pest management (IPM).RESULTSWe found significant (P < 0.05) variation among districts in farmer responses to 37 out of 59 survey questions. A majority of farmers were dependent on pesticides with only a minority practicing IPM. A majority perceived that their current pesticide usage was increasing, but was not excessive. A majority were aware of the negative impacts of pesticides on human health and environment. Farmer perception on the effectiveness of pesticides increased with age, but was not influenced by education level. Farmers having a higher opinion of pesticides made a greater number of applications during a cropping cycle. They also maintained a longer preharvest interval and did not use pesticide mixtures. A majority expressed willingness to initiate IPM, but identified lack of knowledge and technical knowhow on specific IPM practices for their crops as barriers to adoption and requested external support. Farmer willingness to adopt IPM is higher among older, more educated farmers and among full‐time farmers who are currently totally‐dependent on pesticides and whose major income source was farming.CONCLUSIONWe conclude that a significant extension effort in terms of farmer education on IPM and external assistance to develop the technological knowhow, which is tailor‐made to specific districts, is needed to facilitate adoption of IPM among these farmers.
Machine learning models as an alternative to determine productivity losses caused by weeds
Authors: de Freitas Souza Matheus , Monteiro Alex Lima , Silva Daniel Valadão , Silva Tatiane Severo , de Melo Stefeson Bezerra , Barros Júnior Aurélio Paes , Fernandes Bruno Caio Chaves , Mendonça Vander 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDWeed control can be economically viable if implemented at the necessary time to minimize interference. Empirical mathematical models have been used to determine when to start the weed control in many crops. Furthermore, empirical models have a low generalization capacity to understand different scenarios. However, computational development facilitated the implementation of supervised machine learning models, as artificial neural networks (ANNs), capable of understanding complex relationships. The objectives of our work were to evaluate the ability of ANNs to estimate yield losses in onion (model crop) due to weed interference and compare with multiple linear regression (MLR) and empirical models.RESULTSMLR constructed from non‐destructive and destructive methods show R2 and root mean square error (RMSE) values varying between 0.75% and 0.82%, 13.0% and 19.0%, respectively, during testing step. The ANNs has higher R2 (higher than 0.95) and lower RMSE (less than 6.95%) compared to MLR and empirical models for training and testing steps. ANNs considering only the coexistence period and system have similar performance to MLR models. However, the insertion of variables related to weed density (non‐destructive ANN) or fresh matter (destructive ANN) increases the predictive capacity of the networks to values close to 99% correct.CONCLUSIONThe best performing ANNs can indicate the beginning of weed control since they can accurately estimate losses due to competition. These results encourage future studies implementing ANNs based on computer vision to extract information about the weed community.
A sufficient negative‐definiteness condition for cubic functions and application to time‐delay systems
Authors: Long Fei , Zhang Chuan‐Ke , He Yong , Wang Qing‐Guo , Wu Min 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article studies the delay‐dependent stability of systems with a time‐varying delay. To get a stability criterion described as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) from a positive definite Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional (LKF), the negative‐definiteness condition, guaranteeing the negative definiteness of the derivative of the LKF, is necessary. This article proposes a negative‐definiteness lemma for the cubic function with respect to the time‐varying delay, which achieves the negative‐definiteness requirement without introducing any decision variable and extending the size of the LMIs contained in a stability criterion. Then benefiting from this lemma, an LKF with more delay information is constructed and applied to the stability analysis. After that, a delay‐dependent stability criterion is derived based on the LKF and the negative‐definiteness lemma. Finally, the contribution of the proposed lemma and the stability criterion is demonstrated with two examples.
Power grid frequency prediction using spatiotemporal modeling
Authors: Lenzi Amanda , Bessac Julie , Anitescu Mihai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding power system dynamics is essential for interarea oscillation analysis and the detection of grid instabilities. The FNET/GridEye is a GPS‐synchronized wide‐area frequency measurement network that provides an accurate picture of the normal real‐time operational condition of the power system dynamics, giving rise to new and intricate spatiotemporal patterns of power loads. We propose to model FNET/GridEye grid frequency data from the U.S. Eastern Interconnection with a spatiotemporal statistical model. We predict the frequency data at locations without observations, a critical need during disruption events where measurement data are inaccessible. Spatial information is accounted for either as neighboring measurements in the form of covariates or with a spatiotemporal correlation model captured by a latent Gaussian field. The proposed method is useful in estimating power system dynamic response from limited phasor measurements and holds promise for predicting instability that may lead to undesirable effects such as cascading outages.
Stabilizing Zinc Electrodeposition in a Battery Anode by Controlling Crystal Growth
Authors: Jin Shuo , Zhang Duhan , Sharma Arpita , Zhao Qing , Shao Yiqi , Chen Pengyu , Zheng Jingxu , Yin Jiefu , Deng Yue , Biswal Prayag , Archer Lynden A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReversible electrodeposition of metals at liquid‐solid interfaces is a requirement for long cycle life in rechargeable batteries that utilize metals as anodes. The process has been studied extensively from the perspective of the electrochemical transformations that impact reversibility, however, the fundamental challenges associated with maintaining morphological control when a intrinsically crystalline solid metal phase emerges from an electrolyte solution have been less studied, but provide important opportunities for progress. A crystal growth stabilization method to reshape the initial growth and orientation of crystalline metal electrodeposits is proposed here. The method takes advantage of polymer‐salt complexes (PEG‐Zn2+‐aX−) (a = 1,2,3) formed spontaneously in aqueous electrolytes containing zinc (Zn2+) and halide (X−) ions to regulate electro‐crystallization of Zn. It is shown that when X = Iodine (I), the complexes facilitate electrodeposition of Zn in a hexagonal closest packed morphology with preferential orientation of the (002) plane parallel to the electrode surface. This facilitates exceptional morphological control of Zn electrodeposition at planar substrates and leads to high anode reversibility and unprecedented cycle life. Preliminary studies of the practical benefits of the approach are demonstrated in Zn‐I2 full battery cells, designed in both coin cell and single‐flow battery cell configurations.
Toxicity of thioacetamide and protective effects of quercetin in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae
Authors: Wang Kexin , Deng Yunyun , Zhang June , Cheng Bo , Huang Yong , Meng Yunlong , Zhong Keyuan , Xiong Guanghua , Guo Jing , Liu Yi , Lu Huiqiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractQuercetin is a flavonoid compound with a variety of biological properties that is widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. Studies have found that quercetin has anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and liver‐protective effects, while thioacetamide (TAA) can cause inflammation and liver damage in zebrafish larvae. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether quercetin can prevent TAA‐induced inflammation and liver damage in zebrafish larvae and to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved. Zebrafish Tg transgenic lines were used as the experimental animals. Behavioral, oxidative stress level, proliferative antigen chromogenic antibody, and western blot analyses were carried out on zebrafish larvae in the control group and groups treated with TAA and 12 μM quercetin. The results indicated that quercetin promoted the development of zebrafish larvae damaged by TAA, exhibited antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, and promoted cell proliferation. Quercetin reduced the expression of p53 protein in zebrafish larvae injured by TAA, resulting in decreased levels of Bax and increased levels of Bcl‐2. The findings suggested quercetin has antiapoptotic action. Quercetin reduced the expression of DKK1 and DKK2 genes related to the Wnt signaling pathway in zebrafish larvae damaged by TAA and increased the expression of Lef1 and wnt2bb. Quercetin may regulate the development of zebrafish larvae damaged by TAA through the Wnt signaling pathway. This study provides the scientific basis for the development and utilization of quercetin and the development of new related drugs.
Early diarrhoea under sorafenib as a marker to consider the early migration to second‐line drugs
Authors: Díaz‐González Álvaro , Sapena Víctor , Boix Loreto , Torres Ferrán , Sanduzzi‐Zamparelli Marco , Da Fonseca Leonardo G. , LLarch Neus , Iserte Gemma , Guedes Cassia , Muñoz‐Martínez Sergio , Darnell Anna , Belmonte Ernest , Rimola Jordi , Forner Alejandro , Ayuso Carmen , Bruix Jordi , Reig María 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite atezolizumab and bevacizumab (A + B) is currently the first‐line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, some patients will not be adequate for this combination. In the setting of sorafenib some adverse events have been proposed as prognostic factors.ObjectiveTo characterize the early diarrhoea development as prognostic factor in 344 HCC patients.MethodsThe development of early diarrhoea in sorafenib treatment defined as patients who developed diarrhoea and needed dose modification within the first 60 days of treatment (e‐diarrhoea) and 3‐grouping variables were analysed: Patients with e‐diarrhoea, patients who developed diarrhoea after the first 60 days of treatment (L‐diarrhoea) and patients that never developed diarrhoea (never diarrhoea).ResultsThe median overall survival in sorafenib treated patients was significantly different across groups (6.8 months for e‐diarrhoea, 26.7 months for L‐diarrhoea and 13.3 months for never‐diarrhoea). The emergence of e‐diarrhoea was associated with poor outcomes (hazard ratio [HR] 1.84 [95%CI 1.15–2.95]), while there was no increased/decreased risk of dismal evolution in patients with L‐diarrhoea (HR 0.66 [95%CI 0.42–1.03]).ConclusionThe emergence of e‐diarrhoea in HCC patients treated with sorafenib is an early predictor of dismal evolution under this therapy. Thus, prompt identification of these non‐responders may be useful for an early switch to second‐line therapies.
Cutaneous melanocytoma associated with vitiligo and leukotrichia in a mixed‐breed pig
Authors: Burroughs Dylan , Diaz Sandra , Lorch Gwendolen , Yang Ching , Lakritz Jeffrey 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 7‐month‐old, male castrated mixed‐breed pig presented for evaluation of a 3‐month history of cutaneous pigmented nodular lesions, multifocal leukoderma and leukotrichia. Skin biopsies were performed from pigmented nodules and depigmented skin for histopathology. Additional skin biopsies were collected aseptically for bacterial and fungal tissue cultures. Histopathologic diagnosis was a benign melanocytic neoplasm (melanocytoma) and marked vitiligo. Spontaneous regression of melanocytomas did not occur after 1 year of age as previously reported to occur in several swine breeds. Topical imidazoquinoline amine cream was applied to one melanocytoma three times a week for a month. No clinical improvement in either the melanocytoma or vitiligo occurred. In humans, vitiligo is associated with both neoplastic and benign melanocytic neoplasms; this case illustrates the presence of melanoma‐associated leukoderma in a domestic mixed‐breed pig and emphasises the importance of meticulous skin examination in swine patients with the development of vitiligo.
Separability in consistent truncations
Authors: Pilch Krzysztof , Walker Robert , Warner Nicholas P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe separability of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation has a well-known connection to the existence of Killing vectors and rank-two Killing tensors. This paper combines this connection with the detailed knowledge of the compactification metrics of consistent truncations on spheres. The fact that both the inverse metric of such compactifications, as well as the rank-two Killing tensors can be written in terms of bilinears of Killing vectors on the underlying “round metric,” enables us to perform a detailed analyses of the separability of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for consistent truncations. We introduce the idea of aseparating isometryand show that when a consistent truncation, without reduction gauge vectors, has such an isometry, then the Hamilton-Jacobi equation isalwaysseparable. When gauge vectors are present, the gauge group is required to be an abelian subgroup of the separating isometry to not impede separability. We classify the separating isometries for consistent truncations on spheres,Sn, forn= 2,…,7, and exhibit all the corresponding Killing tensors. These results may be of practical use in both identifying when supergravity solutions belong to consistent truncations and generating separable solutions amenable to scalar probe calculations. Finally, while our primary focus is the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, we also make some remarks about separability of the wave equation.
Non-perturbative tests of duality cascades in three dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories
Authors: Honda Masazumi , Kubo Naotaka 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It has been conjectured that duality cascade occurs in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 supersymmetric Yang-Mills Chern-Simons theory with the gauge group U(N)k × U(N + M)−k coupled to two bi-fundamental hypermultiplets. The brane picture suggests that this duality cascade can be generalized to a class of 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 supersymmetric quiver gauge theories coming from so-called Hanany-Witten type brane configurations. In this paper we perform non-perturbative tests of the duality cascades using supersymmetry localization. We focus on S3 partition functions and prove predictions from the duality cascades. We also discuss that our result can be applied to generate new dualities for more general theories which include less supersymmetric theories and theories without brane constructions.
Capacity of entanglement in local operators
Authors: Nandy Pratik 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We study the time evolution of the excess value of capacity of entanglement between a locally excited state and ground state in free, massless fermionic theory and free Yang-Mills theory in four spacetime dimensions. Capacity has non-trivial time evolution and is sensitive to the partial entanglement structure, and shows a universal peak at early times. We define a quantity, the normalized “Page time”, which measures the timescale when capacity reaches its peak. This quantity turns out to be a characteristic property of the inserted operator. This firmly establishes capacity as a valuable measure of entanglement structure of an operator, especially at early times similar in spirit to the Rényi entropies at late times. Interestingly, the time evolution of capacity closely resembles its evolution in microcanonical and canonical ensemble of the replica wormhole model in the context of the black hole information paradox.