bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why did the animal turn? Time‐varying step selection analysis for inference between observed turning‐points in high frequency data
Authors: Munden Rhys , Börger Luca , Wilson Rory P. , Redcliffe James , Brown Rowan , Garel Mathieu , Potts Jonathan R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Step selection analysis (SSA) is a fundamental technique for uncovering the drivers of animal movement decisions. Its typical use has been to view an animal as ‘selecting’ each measured location, given its current (and possibly previous) locations. Although an animal is unlikely to make decisions precisely at the times its locations are measured, if data are gathered at a relatively low frequency (every few minutes or hours) this is often the best that can be done. Nowadays, though, tracking data are increasingly gathered at very high frequencies, often ≥1 Hz, so it may be possible to exploit these data to perform more behaviourally‐meaningful step selection analysis.

Here, we present a technique to do this. We first use an existing algorithm to determine the turning‐points in an animal's movement path. We define a ‘step’ to be a straight‐line movement between successive turning‐points. We then construct a generalised version of integrated SSA (iSSA), called time‐varying iSSA (tiSSA), which deals with the fact that turning‐points are usually irregularly spaced in time. We demonstrate the efficacy of tiSSA by application to data on both simulated animals and free‐ranging goats Capra aegagrus hircus, comparing our results to those of regular iSSA with locations that are separated by a constant time‐interval.

Using (regular) iSSA with constant time‐steps can give results that are misleading compared to using tiSSA with the actual turns made by the animals. Furthermore, tiSSA can be used to infer covariates that are dependent on the time between turns, which is not possible with regular iSSA. As an example, we show that our study animals tend to spend less time between successive turns when the ground is rockier and/or the temperature is hotter.

By constructing a step selection technique that works between observed turning‐points of animals, we enable step selection to be used on high‐frequency movement data, which are becoming increasingly prevalent in modern biologging studies. Furthermore, since turning‐points can be viewed as decisions, our method places step selection analysis on a more behaviourally‐meaningful footing compared to previous techniques.
Receptor‐interacting protein kinase 2 contributes to host innate immune responses against Fusobacterium nucleatum in macrophages and decidual stromal cells
Authors: Park Ji‐Yeon , Lee Tae‐Sung , Noh Eui Jeong , Jang Ah‐Ra , Ahn Jae‐Hun , Kim Dong‐Yeon , Jung Do‐Hyeon , Song Eun‐Jung , Lee Yeon‐Ji , Lee Yun‐Ji , Lee Sung Ki , Park Jong‐Hwan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProblemChorioamnionitis is caused by a bacterial infection that ascends from the vagina and can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is a periodontal pathogen associated with the occurrence of APOs. In this study, we evaluated whether receptor‐interacting protein kinase 2 (Ripk2), an adaptor protein of the cytosolic receptors nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain (NOD)1 and NOD2, in macrophages and human decidual stromal cells (hDSCs) contributes to immune responses against F. nucleatum.Method of StudyBone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) isolated from wild‐type (WT) and Ripk2‐deficient mice and hDSCs were cultured with F. nucleatum (MOI 1, 10, 100). BMDMs and hDSCs were assessed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot analysis, real‐time PCR, and nitrite assay.ResultsFusobacterium nucleatum‐induced production of IL‐6, but not of TNF‐α and IL‐10, was lower in Ripk2‐deficient BMDMs than in WT cells. Western blotting revealed a decrease in F. nucleatum‐induced p65 phosphorylation in Ripk2‐deficient macrophages, whereas mitogen‐activated protein kinases activation was comparable between WT and Ripk2‐deficient cells. The production of nitric oxide (NO) in response to F. nucleatum and the gene and protein expression of inducible NO synthase was impaired in Ripk2‐deficient BMDMs. In hDSCs, F. nucleatum upregulated the gene and protein expression of NOD1, NOD2, and Ripk2 in a time‐dependent manner. F. nucleatum also increased the production of IL‐6, CXCL8, and CCL2, whereas this production was decreased by the Ripk2 inhibitors SB203580 and PP2.ConclusionsIn conclusion, Ripk2 signaling appears to contribute to the F. nucleatum‐induced immune response and can be a preventive and therapeutic target against APOs.
Is vacuum‐assisted closure therapy feasible for children with deep sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery? The pooling results from current literature
Authors: Wu Yuhao , Wang Junke , Dai Jiangtao , Wang Gang , Li Hongbo , Li Yonggang , Wu Chun , Wei Guanghui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVacuum‐assisted closure (VAC) has been used for children with deep sternal wound infections (DSWI); however, the safety and efficiency have not been determined. A meta‐analysis was performed for outcomes of VAC therapy in children with DSWI after cardiac surgery. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library CENTRAL were searched systematically from January 1990 to October 2020 for the literature which reported the outcomes of VAC therapy for children with DSWI after cardiac surgery. Meta‐regression and subgroup analyses were performed to find risk factors for prolonged length of VAC therapy and hospital stay. Eleven studies were included in this study, involving 217 subjects. VAC therapy was performed due to mediastinitis after congenital heart diseases (CHD) repair. In children with DSWI after cardiac surgery, length of VAC therapy, and hospital stay were 11.1 days (95% CI, 9.6‐12.5 days) and 29.8 days (95% CI, 22.8‐36.9 days), respectively. Incidence of infectious and wound‐related complications was 8.5% (95% CI, 4.1%‐13.0%). Overall mortality in this setting was 5.8% (95% CI, 2.5%‐9.1%). In conclusion, in children with DSWI after cardiac surgery, length of VAC therapy and hospital stay were 11.1 and 29.8 days, respectively. Overall mortality was 5.8%. Although not significant, delayed chest closure, complex CHD, and Gram‐negative bacilli/fungal infections may potentially contribute to prolonged duration of VAC treatment.
Oxytocin modulates neural processing of mitral/tufted cells in the olfactory bulb
Authors: Sun Changcheng , Yin Zhaoyang , Li Ben‐Zheng , Du Han , Tang Keke , Liu Penglai , Hang Pun Sio , Lei Tim C. , Li Anan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimOxytocin plays an important role in social recognition in rodents, which is mediated predominantly by the olfactory system. Although oxytocin modulates neural activity in the olfactory bulb, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we studied how direct infusion of oxytocin into the olfactory bulb affect social interactions in mice and modulate the neural activity of mitral/tufted cells in the olfactory bulb.MethodsA three‐chamber social interaction test was used in the behavioural test. For in vivo studies, single unit recordings, local field potential recordings and fibre photometry recordings were used to record the neural activity of olfactory bulb. For in vitro studies, we performed patch clamp recordings in the slice of the olfactory bulb.ResultsBehaviourally, direct oxytocin infusion in olfactory bulb increased performance in a social interaction task. Moreover, odour‐evoked responses of mitral/tufted cells and neural discrimination of odours were both enhanced by oxytocin, whereas the spontaneous firing rate of mitral/tufted cells was reduced. At the neural network level, oxytocin decreased the amplitude of odour‐evoked high gamma responses. At the cell population level, oxytocin decreased odour‐evoked calcium responses (reflecting neural activity) specifically in granule cells. Moreover, in vitro slice recordings revealed that the inhibitory effect of oxytocin on mitral cell activity is mediated mainly by modulation of ATP‐sensitive potassium channels and involves the oxytocin receptor–Gq–PLC–IP3 signalling pathway.ConclusionOxytocin modulates social interaction, likely by increasing the signal‐to‐noise ratio of odour responses in mitral cells which is partly through ATP‐sensitive potassium channel.
Hexylaminolevulinate‐mediated fluorescent urine cytology with a novel automated detection technology for screening and surveillance of bladder cancer
Authors: Miyake Makito , Nakai Yasushi , Nishimura Nobutaka , Ohnishi Sayuri , Oda Yuki , Fujii Tomomi , Owari Takuya , Hori Shunta , Morizawa Yosuke , Gotoh Daisuke , Anai Satoshi , Torimoto Kazumasa , Tanaka Nobumichi , Hirao Yoshihiko , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of fluorescent voided urine cytology (FVUC) using a novel automated detection technology to screen for primary bladder cancer and for surveillance of recurrent bladder tumour.Patients and MethodsWe created a rapid, objective, automated, and high‐throughput detection device for hexylaminolevulinate‐mediated FVUC, named the cellular fluorescence analysis unit‐II (CFAU‐II). Two different cohorts were used in this study: (i) screening test for primary bladder cancer (165 patients with bladder cancer and 52 controls), and (ii) surveillance test for detecting intravesical recurrent tumour (192 patients with treated non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer and 15 with post‐nephroureterectomy upper urinary tract cancer). Voided urine samples were subjected to urine analysis, conventional VUC (cVUC), and FVUC. Diagnostic performance was compared between cVUC, FVUC, and a combination of the two.ResultsA total of 614 urine samples were successfully collected, processed, and analysed. Comparative analysis of the screening test cohort demonstrated that the overall sensitivity of FVUC (63%, P < 0.001) and combination testing (72%, P < 0.001) was significantly higher than that of cVUC (29%). FVUC was found to be superior in most of the subgroups, especially in low‐grade, Ta, and small tumours. Analysis of the surveillance test cohort showed that combination testing achieved a sensitivity of 82% and a negative predictive value of 98%, whereas those of cVUC were 39% and 96%, respectively. According to the pathological finding of recurrent tumours presenting false‐negative result in the FVUC, the majority of the overlooked recurrent diseases were Ta low‐grade tumours. Logistic regression analysis suggested an association between the risk of false‐positive results and high density of urine white blood cells and alkaluria.ConclusionThe present findings clearly demonstrate that FVUC using the newly developed automation technology has superior sensitivity to cVUC for both screening for primary bladder cancer and recurrent tumour detection. It is essential to confirm the clinical usefulness of this method via further large‐scale studies, in addition to ensuring its affordability and availability.
Biogas residue biochar shifted bacterial community, mineralization, and molecular structure of organic carbon in a sandy loam Alfisol
Authors: Zheng Xuebo , Dong Jianxin , Zhang Wenhui , Xiang Jian , Yin Xingsheng , Han Lanfang 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTPyrolysis into biochar as a soil amendment has been treated as an eco‐friendly and environmentally sustainable method to recycle biogas residue (BR). However, the effect of BR biochar on soil bacterial community, mineralization, and structure of organic carbon (OC) remains unrevealed, which limits the soil application of BR biochar. This study performed a microcosm incubation experiment for a sandy soil with BR and BR‐derived biochar produced at relatively low (300°C) and high (600°C) temperature (BC300 and BC600), and explored the shift in bacterial community, mineralization, and structure of OC. Results showed that BR decreased the richness and diversity of bacterial community by 19.0%–28.0%, while BR biochar caused lower reduction (4.0%–7.0%), suggesting the potential of pyrolysis in mitigating the harmful effect of BR in bacterial community. Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance demonstrated that BR and BR biochar shifted dissolved OC toward components with 12.0%–26.0% higher molecular weight and 18.0%–21.0% more aromatics but 10.0%–22.0% lower polarity and less protein‐, carbohydrate‐, and tannin‐like species, with the shift extent being stronger for BC600. Furthermore, BC600 increased the aromaticity of bulk OC but reduced the carbohydrate, possibly due to more Actinobacteria genera. Additionally, BR significantly elevated the amount and rate of soil carbon mineralization, while the potentially mineralizable C was the lowest in the BC600‐treated soil. These findings suggested that the pyrolysis into biochar at high temperature would be a promising way to treat BR in terms of soil bacterial community richness/diversity and carbon sequestration.
The effect of erythrocyte lysing reagents on enumeration of leukocyte subpopulations compared with a no‐lyse‐no‐wash protocol
Authors: Plank Karin , Dorn Carla , Krause Stefan W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionStandard protocols in flow cytometry (FCM) require lysis of erythrocytes, which may induce an unwanted loss of leukocytes as bystander effect.MethodsIn the present study, we investigated the influence of 6 laboratory protocols using 4 different lysing reagents, FACS® Lysing Solution (FacsL), QUICKLYSIS® (QuickL), IOTest® 3 Lysing Solution (NH4Cl), VersaLyse® (VersaL), and VersaLyse® with added fixative (VersaFix) on the relative quantity of leukocyte subsets identified by CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD14, CD16, CD56, and CD45, applying a no‐lyse‐no‐wash (NoL) protocol as reference. In addition, we compared the efficiency of red blood cell (RBC) lysis.ResultsPeripheral blood samples from 52 individuals were analyzed. NoL was suitable as reference method, but led to less clear‐cut gating of lymphocyte and monocyte populations due to a wider distribution of light scatter. Best completeness of RBC lysis with remaining erythrocytes below 10% was achieved using NH4Cl and VersaL. We observed a loss of 11% of monocytes after QuickL. Lymphocyte counts were 19% lower after FacsL. Cell subsets within the lymphocyte compartment were rather similar between the different methods with the exception of lower B‐cell counts (−8%) and higher NK‐cell counts (+11%) after FacsL. NH4Cl and VersaL were in good accordance with the NoL method and also with the mean values of all methods.ConclusionOur data show that the lysing reagents tested lead to specific deviations in the quantitation of leukocyte subsets and show different efficiency of erythrocyte lysis.
Effect of the graphitization level of the free carbon on the temperature sensitivity of silicon carbonitride‐based pressure sensors
Authors: Yu Yuxi , Huang Chenhao , Xu Jie , Zhu Jian , Cong Minghui , Song Jingyuan , Xia Shengnan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolymer‐derived ceramics (PDCs) have recently attracted an increasing attention because of their applications for wireless passive pressure sensors in the harsh environment. However, due to the effect of temperature on the frequency of PDC‐based wireless passive pressure sensors, it is not beneficial to accurate measurement of pressure. In this paper, a dense polymer‐derived silicon carbonitride (SiCN) ceramic was prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) technique to reduce the temperature sensitivity of PDC–SiCN‐based pressure sensor. The open porosity and density of SiCN ceramics varied from 13.34% and 1.89 g/cm3 without PIP process to 3.24% and 2.09 g/cm3 after three PIP cycles, respectively. Raman spectroscopy revealed that the level of graphitization of free carbon in dense SiCN ceramics is higher than that in porous SiCN ceramics, which would lead to an increase in the conductivity of dense SiCN ceramics. After three PIP cycles, the conductivity increased by almost two orders of magnitude from 3.01E − 10 to 1.28E − 08 S/cm. In addition, SiCN ceramic discs after PIP cycles and without PIP were applied to wireless passive pressure sensor based on resonator, which were tested at high temperature, respectively. Results confirmed that the temperature sensitivity of PDC–SiCN‐based pressure sensor decreased from 220.5 to 50.8 kHz/°C by PIP process.
The impact of an intentional APRN student clinical experience on role transition towards becoming a clinically competent practitioner; pilot study
Authors: Urbanowicz Janet 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsThis study was to determine if there is a greater difference in Advanced Practice student nurse self‐reported transition towards practice and professional identity for an experimental group compared with a control group. The information gathered is expected to: (a) provide a curriculum baseline for focused clinical objectives as well as preceptor training, and (b) to meet these objectives in alignment with the expectations for graduation and subsequent post‐graduation transition into practice.DesignPilot exploration using quasi‐experimental, mixed methods included a quantitative five‐point Likert Scale and a self‐reported qualitative phenomenological analysis.MethodsThis study evaluated responses from all participants through a series of three self‐report periods during a 14‐week clinical semester.ResultsBased on the self‐reported data, the experimental group made minor additional progress with respect to their growth and professional identity transition compared with the control group.ConclusionThis study fostered the need for further studies to support residency programs that aid newly graduated nurse practitioners as they transition into the advanced practice role.ImpactThe cost to replace these practitioners can be as high as twice their annual salary. The adjustment to an advanced practice role is difficult as postgraduate training is currently optional in many States. According to Brown, et al. (Nurse Educator, 2015, 40:148), novice Advanced Practice Nurses report being underprepared for this new role, particularly diagnostic interpretation skills. Supporting the advanced practitioner with a structured curriculum is imperative to achieve successful skills development, transition to practice, and professional identity.
Maternal reproductive output and F1 hybrid fitness may influence contact zone dynamics
Authors: Dong Caroline M. , Rankin Katrina J. , McLean Claire A. , Stuart‐Fox Devi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe outcome of secondary contact between divergent lineages or species may be influenced by both the reproductive traits of parental species and the fitness of offspring; however, their relative contributions have rarely been evaluated, particularly in longer‐lived vertebrate species. We performed pure and reciprocal laboratory crosses betweenCtenophorus decresii(tawny dragon) andC. modestus(swift dragon) to examine how parental reproductive traits and ecologically relevant offspring fitness traits may explain contact zone dynamics in the wild. The two species meet in a contact zone of post‐F1 hybrids with asymmetric backcrossing and predominantlyC. modestusmtDNA haplotypes. We found no evidence for reduced parental fecundity or offspring fitness for F1 hybrid crosses. However, maternal reproductive strategy differed between species, irrespective of the species of their mate.Ctenophorus modestusfemales had higher fecundity and produced more and larger clutches with lower embryonic mortality. Parental species also influenced sex ratios and offspring traits, withC. modestus♀ × C. decresii♂ hybrids exhibiting higher trait values for more fitness measures (growth rate, sprint speed, bite force) than offspring from all other pairings. Together, these patterns are consistent with the prevalence ofC. modestusmtDNA in the contact zone, and asymmetric backcrossing likely reflects fitness effects that manifest in the F2 generation. Our results highlight how parental species can influence multiple offspring traits in different ways, which together may combine to influence offspring fitness and shape contact zone dynamics.
Simple non‐invasive scoring systems and histological scores in predicting mortality in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Chang‐Hai , Ampuero Javier , Pavlides Michael , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Fan Jian‐Gao , Bai Lang , Li Hong , Wu Dong‐Bo , Zhou Ling‐Yun , Du Ling‐Yao , Yang Tian‐Kuo , Jiang Wei , Shi Ying , Gil‐Gómez Antonio , Zhang Wen‐Ting , Liang Jia‐Xu , Romero‐Gómez Manuel , Tang Hong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThere is debate among the hepatology community regarding the simple non‐invasive scoring systems and histological scores (even it was developed for histological classification) in predicting clinical outcomes in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to determine whether the presence of simple non‐invasive scoring systems and histological scores could predict all‐cause mortality, liver‐related mortality, and liver disease decompensation (liver failure, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, or decompensated liver disease).MethodsThe pooled hazard ratio of prognostic factors and incidence rate per 1000 person‐years in patients with NAFLD was calculated and further adjusted by two different models of handling the duplicated data.ResultsA total of 19 longitudinal studies were included. Most simple non‐invasive scoring systems (Fibrosis‐4 Score, BARD, and aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index ) and histological scores (NAFLD activity score, Brunt, and "steatosis, activity, and fibrosis" ) failed in predicting mortality, and only the NAFLD fibrosis score > 0.676 showed prognostic ability to all‐cause mortality (four studies, 7564 patients, 118 352 person‐years followed up, pooled hazard ratio 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.96). The incidence rate per 1000 person‐years of all‐cause mortality, liver‐related mortality, cardiovascular‐related mortality, and liver disease decompensation resulted in a pooled incidence rate per 1000 person‐years of 22.65 (14 studies, 95% CI 9.62–53.31), 3.19 (7 studies, 95% CI 1.14–8.93), 6.02 (6 studies, 95% CI 4.69–7.74), and 11.46 (4 studies, 95% CI 5.33–24.63), respectively.ConclusionNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score showed promising prognostic value to all‐cause mortality. Most present simple non‐invasive scoring systems and histological scores failed to predict clinical outcomes.