bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and limitations in the studies of glycoproteins: A computational chemist's perspective
Authors: Balli Oyku Irem , Uversky Vladimir N. , Durdagi Serdar , Coskuner‐Weber Orkid 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExperimenters face challenges and limitations while analyzing glycoproteins due to their high flexibility, stereochemistry, anisotropic effects, and hydration phenomena. Computational studies complement experiments and have been used in characterization of the structural properties of glycoproteins. However, recent investigations revealed that computational studies face significant challenges as well. Here, we introduce and discuss some of these challenges and weaknesses in the investigations of glycoproteins. We also present requirements of future developments in computational biochemistry and computational biology areas that could be necessary for providing more accurate structural property analyses of glycoproteins using computational tools. Further theoretical strategies that need to be and can be developed are discussed herein.
Rothia aeria pneumonia in an immunocompetent patient: A novel case study
Authors: Sonehara Kei , Araki Taisuke , Hanaoka Masayuki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn 80‐year‐old woman with no lung disease or autoimmune disease presented with a productive cough, lasting for 2 months. Chest computed tomography revealed a transbronchial dispersal shadow in the left upper lobe, and sputum culture showed Gram‐positive rods. The identified causative organism was Rothia aeria, and thus, she was treated with oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP–SMX). Eleven days after initiating TMP–SMX treatment, she returned with a complaint of dyspnoea. While the sputum culture revealed normal flora, the patient's condition was diagnosed as bronchitis during R. aeria pneumonia treatment; therefore, she was hospitalized. Five days after admission, her laboratory findings revealed agranulocytosis, caused by an adverse event of TMP–SMX. Her neutrophil count increased after discontinuing TMP–SMX treatment. Bronchitis was alleviated with intravenous antibiotic administration, and she was discharged on Day 8. We report a rare case of R. aeria pneumonia in an immunocompetent patient.
Defining river thermal sensitivity as a function of climate
Authors: Boyer Claudine , St‐Hilaire André , Bergeron Normand E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWater temperature is increasingly acknowledged as a key variable for the sustainable management of lotic environments. Thermal variability in rivers dictates in large part the ecosystem functions of these water bodies. River thermal sensitivity (TS), defined in this work as the value of the regression slope between water and air temperature (Tair) measurements, is often used to determine how river temperature regime is expected to vary as climate evolves. This study proposes a method to contextualize climate conditions during the river temperature‐monitoring period in order to define a common basis to compare TS values calculated for different stations distributed across various climatic regions in the province of Québec (Canada). Nine climate classes were defined based on Tair and precipitation. Annual climate conditions were classified according to their anomalies compared to a reference period (1981–2010). For the reference climate class (“Normal–Normal” conditions), results indicate contrasted summer TS values between Québec rivers and within rivers. Furthermore, observed summer TS variations between climate classes underline the need to account for climate conditions when studying spatial variations in river thermal sensitivity. Climate contextualization also allows us to study the potential role of previous conditions. Rivers were grouped according to their drainage basins characteristics to examine spatial variability in TS for the chosen reference climate conditions. River slope, station elevation and geographic location partly explained TS spatial variability. Useful proxies are needed to describe the relative contribution of groundwater to river temperature and to potentially improve the group classification results.
Effects of porous activated carbon on TiO2 photo‐activity for high concentration 2,4‐DCP degradation as environmental remediation
Authors: Kholikov Bobur , Hayat Salman , Ali Aziz , Hussain Jamil , Zeng Hongjuan 
Published: September 2021

To efficiently address environmental pollution, we synthesized AC‐coupled TiO2 nano‐photo‐catalysts and applied it to the degradation of high concentration 2,4‐dichlorophenols (2,4‐DCP). Herein, we have successfully coupled activated carbon (AC) to TiO2 by a sol gel method. The as‐prepared optimized‐amount TO/10AC nano‐composites delivered unprecedented photo‐catalytic activity as compared to the pristine TO nano‐particles and degraded 100% 2,4‐DCP in 2 h. According to the fluorescence spectrum, temperature‐programed desorption curve, and O2 electrochemical reduction curve related to the generated OH amounts, it is inferred that the photo‐catalytic activity is ascribed to the coupled AC for accepting electrons, promoting O2 adsorption and promoting reactant adsorption. More importantly, no obvious deactivation was observed even after running at least five cycles; this excellent stability makes them auspicious photo‐catalyst for the degradation of high concentration pollutants in practical applications. Besides, the scavenger experiments confirmed that super oxide radicals were the main active species that involve during the photo‐catalytic degradation of 2,4‐DCP. This work delivers a viable approach to develop the photo‐catalysis by coupling a proper amount of AC with the TO for the remediation of high concentration environmental pollutants.
Green Synthesis of Chromene Congeners via Multi‐Component Reaction and Their Antimicrobial Studies
Authors: Vanam Rateesh , Allam Vijaykumar , Nerella Srinivas , Gavaji Brahmeshwari 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA facile metal catalyst free, multi‐component synthesis was established to afford tetrazolo dihydropyranochromenes and pyranochromeno pyridinediones in high yields starting from 7‐hydroxy‐4‐methyl coumarin, aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile based on Green chemistry principles. This protocol is applied to a wide range of aldehydes and demonstrates excellent functional group tolerance. Further, the synthesized compounds were screened in vitro against a panel of clinically relevant bacteria and fungi and found that these compounds possess moderate antimicrobial efficacy. The compounds 6 d & 7 d were exhibited very impressive antimicrobial activity against four strains of bacteria and two strains of fungi. To know more about, their mechanism of action the lead compounds were virtually screened against a key microbial enzyme, tyrosyl‐tRNA (TyrRS) synthetase and found that the compounds were bound with the enzyme through various interactions and thus able to inhibit the activity of the enzyme as evidenced by their binding energies. Further, the ADMET studies of the lead compounds were showed excellent favorable Druglikeness properties when they were tested with SwissADME programme.
Carbon Nanotubes and its Potential Application in Sensing
Authors: Kaur Billing Beant 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study provides overview of the different type of nanomaterials depending upon their size, and type, however focusing more on the Carbon Nanotubes. This review highlights the different synthesis and purification techniques and also the functionalization methods of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs). In particular, molecular recognition application of Carbon Nanotubes is explored in the present study. The majority of data was collected for optical and electrochemical studies of Carbon Nanotube based platform for the detection of metal ions, anions, nitroaromatics, biomolecules and gas molecules since last two decades. This review ends with an outlook of future perspectives that could be employed in nano sensor fabrication. I believe this review will act as a road map to guide the new researchers towards the concept of nanofabrication that can be employed to develop Carbon Nanotube based platform for sensing applications.
Synthesis, Applications, and Prospects of Graphene Quantum Dots: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ghaffarkhah Ahmadreza , Hosseini Ehsan , Kamkar Milad , Sehat Ali Akbari , Dordanihaghighi Sara , Allahbakhsh Ahmad , van der Kuur Colin , Arjmand Mohammad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGraphene quantum dot (GQD) is one of the youngest superstars of the carbon family. Since its emergence in 2008, GQD has attracted a great deal of attention due to its unique optoelectrical properties. Non‐zero bandgap, the ability to accommodate functional groups and dopants, excellent dispersibility, highly tunable properties, and biocompatibility are among the most important characteristics of GQDs. To date, GQDs have displayed significant momentum in numerous fields such as energy devices, catalysis, sensing, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, drug delivery, and bioimaging. As this field is rapidly evolving, there is a strong need to identify the emerging challenges of GQDs in recent advances, mainly because some novel applications and numerous innovations on the ease of synthesis of GQDs are not systematically reviewed in earlier studies. This feature article provides a comparative and balanced discussion of recent advances in synthesis, properties, and applications of GQDs. Besides, current challenges and future prospects of these emerging carbon‐based nanomaterials are also highlighted. The outlook provided in this review points out that the future of GQD research is boundless, particularly if upcoming studies focus on the ease of purification and eco‐friendly synthesis along with improving the photoluminescence quantum yield and production yield of GQDs.
Compressive Strain in N‐Doped Palladium/Amorphous‐Cobalt (II) Interface Facilitates Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Ling , Ji Yujin , Luo Xiaoling , Geng Shize , Fang Miaomiao , Pi Yecan , Li Youyong , Huang Xiaoqing , Shao Qi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe development of palladium‐based catalysts for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is highly desired for renewable hydrogen energy systems, yet still challenging due to the strong palladium–hydrogen bond. Herein, the bottleneck is largely overcome by constructing a nitridation‐induced compressively strained‐interface N‐doped palladium/amorphous cobalt (II) interface (N‐Pd/A‐Co(II)), which dramatically boosts HER performance in alkaline condition. The optimized catalyst with the compressive strain of 2.7% exhibits the higher activity with an overpotential of only 58 mV to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm−2, much better than those of pure Pd (327 mV), and the state‐of‐art Pt/C (78 mV). Notably, it also shows excellent stability with negligible decline during a 30 h stability test. Detailed analyses reveal that the strong absorption of Hads on Pd can be efficiently reduced via the compressively strained N‐doped Pd. And the amorphous Co(II) component accelerates the water dissociation. Consequently, the cooperative effect between the compressed N‐doped Pd and amorphous Co(II) creates the impressive HER performance in alkaline condition, highlighting the importance of the functional interface to develop efficient electrocatalysts for HER and beyond.
Utilizing I‐shaped shear links as dampers to improve the behavior of concentrically braced frames
Authors: Alshimmeri Ahmad Jabbar Hussain , Ghamari Ali , El Naggar Hany 
Published: September 2021

SummaryDuring the past few decades, concentrically braced frames (CBFs) have become a commonly used load‐resistant bearing system in steel structures, to overcome the post‐earthquake performance issues frequently associated with conventional seismic‐resisting structural systems. CBF systems have high lateral stiffness and lateral strength; however, they have low ductility and a low seismic energy dissipating capacity. Under seismic loading, the diagonal members of a CBF system are susceptible to buckling, causing hysteresis in the compression zone and severely reducing energy absorption. Although the use of steel dampers to enhance the behavior of CBF systems can prevent the buckling of CBF members and improve the hysteretic behavior of braces, their use imposes additional costs on structures. Therefore, in this paper, an I‐shaped steel damper with a shear yield mechanism is introduced which is economical, has a simple construction, and can be easily replaced after an earthquake. The proposed damper is evaluated numerically and parametrically. The results indicate that the proposed damper acts as a ductile fuse that prevents buckling of the diagonal members of a CBF system. It was found that both the web and flange plates contribute to the shear resistance, with the flange carrying approximately 15% of the shear force, as expressed in the equations presented. The overstrength obtained for the damper was found to be greater than the value of 1.5 proposed by the AISC. Equations are presented for the design of the proposed damper and the brace elements connected to the damper.
Dual‐Language Books as a Red Herring: Exposing Language Use and Ideologies
Authors: Przymus Steve Daniel , Lindo Endia J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDual‐language books (DLBs) are often seen as positive resources for biliteracy development, but most contain implicit messages about the status of the languages used. Through a large content analysis of 100 dual‐language children’s books (DLCBs), across 10 publishing companies, the authors developed a linguistic typology of DLBs in order to expose messages of linguistic hierarchy. In this article, educators are provided a lens for understanding the hegemony of English in DLBs, provided with exemplars of community‐based biliteracy development via holistic language use and translanguaging in DLCBs, and invited into a discussion on the vulnerability and compassion that would be required for creating more equity and effectiveness in biliteracy development.
Preferential flow under high‐intensity short‐duration irrigation events in soil columns from a karst and nonkarst landscape
Authors: Katuwal Sheela , Ashworth Amanda J. , Owens Philip R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPreferential flow through soil macropores is a major cause of rapid transport of contaminants through soils to drainages systems. Knowledge of the extent of macropore flow in different soil systems is crucial for the effective implementation of nutrient management plans. The objective of this study was to determine the differences in preferential flow in soil columns characterized by varying contents of coarse fragments with depth and obtained from a regional, pasture‐based karst and a nonkarst landscape. Intact soil columns (40 × 100 cm; two replicates per treatment) were subjected to two Brˉ leaching experiments (BL1 and BL2) which included a pulse application of Brˉ tracer solution (3.02 and 1.15 g L−1 during BL1 and BL2, respectively), each followed by five successive irrigation events (5.67 mm min−1 for 2 min in 30‐min intervals). Each soil column rested on a stainless‐steel grid (consisting of 100 cells, each measuring 3.81 cm × 3.81 cm), which facilitated partitioning of the soil bottom and collection of drainage from each grid. Significant differences in the drainage losses of water and Brˉ through the 1‐m‐deep soil profiles were observed with karst‐derived stony soils draining approximately five times greater water and Brˉ, compared with nonkarst‐derived soil. These results suggest that soils with high fraction of coarse fragments are more susceptible to leaching losses than soils with less coarse fragments. Further studies under different flow regimes and encompassing different soil units may be beneficial in understanding the potential leaching risk in these areas and for implementing best management practices for landscape‐based nutrient management.
Determinants of Support for Funding Options for Fish and Wildlife Conservation in Wisconsin
Authors: Nkansah Kofi , Ben Beardmore  , Holsman Robert H. , Collins Alan R. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTDeclining sales of hunting and angling licenses create budget challenges for state fish and wildlife management agencies. Using a mail survey, we obtained Wisconsin residents’ opinions regarding funding for fish and wildlife management including options to raise licenses fees or create new funding mechanisms. We used an adjacent category, ordered logit regression model to explain respondents’ support for the funding options contrasted against budget cuts. Our model revealed that respondents’ self‐interest and demographic variables influenced support for the revenue generating options. Most importantly, respondents’ perceived benefits of public lands and high interest in fish and wildlife consistently influenced their support for increased funding options relative to requiring the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources to reduce its operating costs. Rural respondents, however, opposed all options associated with raising revenues to fund conservation efforts. We suggest that gaining the support of rural hunters and anglers for any of the funding options will be imperative for the long‐term sustainability of fish and wildlife conservation funding in Wisconsin. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Vibration Response-Based Damage Detection
Authors: Limongelli Maria Pina , Manoach Emil , Quqa Said , Giordano Pier Francesco , Bhowmik Basuraj , Pakrashi Vikram , Cigada Alfredo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis chapter aimed to present different data driven Vibration-Based Methods (VBMs) for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). This family of methods, widely used for engineering applications, present several advantages for damage identification applications. First, VBMs provide continuous information on the health state of the structure at a global level without the need to access the damaged elements and to know their location. Furthermore, damage can be identified using the dynamic response of the structure measured by sensors non-necessarily located in the proximity of damage and without any prior knowledge about the damage location. By principle, VBMs can identify damage related to changes in the dynamic properties of structures, such as stiffness variations due to modifications in the connections between structural elements, or changes in geometric and material properties. A classification of different VBMs was presented in this chapter. Furthermore, several case studies were presented to demonstrate the potential of these methods.
Implikationen für eine partizipative politische Bildung
Authors: Kenner Steve 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungWenngleich die vorliegende Arbeit eine sozialwissenschaftliche Analyse ist und keinen verfassungs- oder schulrechtlichen Fokus hat, ist ein Blick auf die Verankerung von Partizipationsrechten der Schüler*innen dringend geboten, denn sie bildet die Grundlage für eine selbstbestimmte Beteiligung. Der Politikdidaktiker Reinhold Hedtke konstatiert, dass die „Erfahrung von echter, ernsthafter und effektiver politischer Partizipation […] dem schulischen und außerschulischen Alltag der Schüler*innen fremd“ bleibe. Wenn eine handlungsorientierte Politikdidaktik reale politische Handlungserfahrungen einbeziehen will, braucht es aber Freiräume in der Schule und im sozialen Nahraum, und diese dürfen nicht abhängig sein vom Wohlwollen der Lehrkräfte oder der Schulleitungen. In diesem Kapitel werden auf Grundlage der empirischen Untersuchung Implikationen für eine partizipative politische Bildung abgeleitet.
Challenges for an axion explanation of the muon g − 2 measurement
Authors: Buen-Abad Manuel A. , Fan JiJi , Reece Matthew , Sun Chen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The discrepancy between the muon g − 2 measurement and the Standard Model prediction points to new physics around or below the weak scale. It is tantalizing to consider the loop effects of a heavy axion (in the general sense, also known as an axion-like particle) coupling to leptons and photons as an explanation for this discrepancy. We provide an updated analysis of the necessary couplings, including two-loop contributions, and find that the new physics operators point to an axion decay constant on the order of 10s of GeV. This poses major problems for such an explanation, as the axion couplings to leptons and photons must be generated at low scales. We outline some possibilities for how such couplings can arise, and find that these scenarios predict new charged matter at or below the weak scale and new scalars can mix with the Higgs boson, raising numerous phenomenological challenges. These scenarios also all predict additional contributions to the muon g−2 itself, calling the initial application of the axion effective theory into question. We conclude that there is little reason to favor an axion explanation of the muon g – 2 measurement relative to other models postulating new weak-scale matter.
Non-abelian fermionic T-duality in supergravity
Authors: Astrakhantsev Lev , Bakhmatov Ilya , Musaev Edvard T. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Field transformation rules of the standard fermionic T-duality require fermionic isometries to anticommute, which leads to complexification of the Killing spinors and results in complex valued dual backgrounds. We generalize the field transformations to the setting with non-anticommuting fermionic isometries and show that the resulting backgrounds are solutions of double field theory. Explicit examples of non-abelian fermionic T-dualities that produce real backgrounds are given. Some of our examples can be bosonic T-dualized into usual supergravity solutions, while the others are genuinely non-geometric. Comparison with alternative treatment based on sigma models on supercosets shows consistency.
Long- and Short-Term Monitoring of a Dam in Response to Seasonal Changes and Ground Motion Loading: The Test Case of the Kurpsai Dam, Western Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Pilz Marco , Isken Marius Paul , Fleming Kevin , Orunbaev Sagynbek , Moldobekov Bolot 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn experimental multi-parameter structural monitoring system has been installed on the Kurpsai dam, western Kyrgyz Republic. This system consists of equipment for seismic and strain measurements for making longer- (days, weeks, months) and shorter- (minutes, hours) term observations, dealing with, for example seasonal (longer) effects or the response of the dam to ground motion from noise or seismic events. Fibre-optic strain sensors allow the seasonal and daily opening and closing of the spaces between the dam’s segments to be tracked. For the seismic data, both amplitude (in terms of using differences in amplitudes in the Fourier spectra for mapping the modes of vibration of the dam) and their time–frequency distribution for a set of small to moderate seismic events are investigated and the corresponding phase variabilities (in terms of lagged coherency) are evaluated. Even for moderate levels of seismic-induced ground motion, some influence on the structural response can be detected, which then sees the dam quickly return to its original state. A seasonal component was identified in the strain measurements, while levels of noise arising from the operation of the dam's generators and associated water flow have been provisionally identified.