bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Lymphangiogenesis in Adipose Tissue Upon Local, Induced VEGF‐D Overexpression
Authors: Chakraborty AA , Rizwan K , Khetan JN , Scogin CK , Rutkowski JM 
Published: June 2021

Inflammatory adipose tissue expansion is the root of the metabolic syndrome in obesity. Insulin‐resistant adipocytes and dysregulated lipolysis results in increased circulating lipids, ectopic lipid deposition, and systemic insulin resistance. Lymphangiogenesis ‐ expansion of the lymphatic vessel network ‐ is a necessary process in clearing fluid and immune cells during inflammation. Lymphatic capillaries are, however, largely absent from murine adipose tissues making induced lymphangiogenesis a potential target in adipose inflammation. We have previously described a mouse model of inducible, adipose tissue‐specific expression of murine VEGF‐D that exhibits de novo lymphangiogenesis in white and brown adipose tissue. Our previous studies suggest that enhanced adipose lymphangiogenesis reduces obesity‐associated inflammation and improves adipose metabolism. We have observed that induced adipose lymphangiogenesis is only robust after nearly 4 months of elevated VEGF‐D levels and the extent varies across adipose depots in Adipo‐VD mice. The mechanism of VEGF‐D initiated lymphatic formation in each adipose depot is therefore potentially different, with processes involving either sprouting or lymphvasculogenesis. Our current work quantifies the lymphangiogenic time‐course, studying adipose tissues at 1, 2, 3, and 4, months following VEGF‐D induction. Comparison across adipose depots, sex, and diet (chow versus 60% kcal from fat diet) are made using qPCR for lymphatic markers as well as immunofluorescence of lymphatic structures on fixed and whole mount tissues. Correlation of adipose tissue macrophage infiltration/accumulation with lymphatic density are also performed. In addition to a quantified time course, our whole mount imaging and lineage tracing suggest that lymphangiogenesis in subcutaneous adipose depots – the white inguinal and brown interscapular – may arise from dermal lymphatic endothelium. Understanding how lymphatics grow and impact adipose tissue health thus provides a novel target in obesity's metabolic syndrome.Support or Funding InformationLIPEDEMA FOUNDATIONThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Hyperhomocysteinemia and the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on cardiac functions in CBS+/− mice
Authors: George Akash K , Singh Mahavir , Majumder Avisek , Homme Rubens P , Metreveli Naira , Pushpakumar Sathnur B , Tyagi Suresh C 
Published: June 2021

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is one of the prominent risk factors for precipitating adverse cardiac events. Among the known causes, dysregulated homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism especially during dietary deficiency of the vitamins ‘B’ complex is a key cause of HHcy in susceptible population. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is a widely used probiotic, and its salutary effects have been extensively documented on host metabolism. The main objective of this study was to investigate the role of HHcy on cardiovascular dysfunction and the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on Hcy metabolism. In this study, CBS+/− mice representing HHcy and C57BL/6J (wild type; WT) were administered orally Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG @ 2.5×105 CFU once daily for 12 weeks. The animal groups were: Group‐I: WT + regular chow diet, Group‐II: WT + regular chow diet + Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Group‐III: CBS+/− + High Methionine Diet (HMD), and Group‐IV: CBS+/− + HMD + Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. In CBS+/− + HMD mice, angiography revealed reduced coronary vascularity and impaired cardiac functions which were improved with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG treatment. Further experimentations on isolated adult cardiomyocytes from the CBS+/− + HMD + Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG lent credible support to the observed beneficial effects of the probiotic on cardiac functions. In addition, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG administration reduced HHcy‐induced oxidative and ER stress levels in the CBS+/− + HMD mice that were revealed via expression analyses of the key marker proteins in the cardiac tissues of probiotic treated mice groups. Our findings indicated that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG administration helped mitigate the adverse cardiac effects as induced by chronic HHcy environment.Support or Funding InformationThe work was supported by grants from the National Institute of Health (HL‐74815, HL‐139047, and AR071789).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Influence of resistance exercise training in diabetic hypertrophy renal: The role of mTOR and Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
Authors: Jorge Luciana , Silva Kleiton A. S. , Reinecke Natalia , Da Silva Germano Jorge Maria Lucia , Schor Nestor 
Published: June 2021

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a progressive complication that develops from diabetes. An important change observed is renal hypertrophy associated with the mTOR pathway. On the other hand, increasing evidence indicates that the reduction in the phosphorylation of Acetyl‐CoA Carboxylase (ACC) may be important in the development of Renal Fibrosis. Therefore, it is fundamental to understand non‐pharmacological intervention as the effect of resistance training (RET) to prevent these complications.In this study, our aim is evaluating the RET on the renal hypertrophy.Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control (C=8), control trained (CT=8), diabetic (D=8) and diabetic trained (DT=8). DM (glycaemia>250mg/dL) was induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) (50mg/kg, i.v.). Trained groups were submitted to a resistance exercise training protocol on Ladder climb (8wk). The expression of Akt/mTOR pathway was evaluated by two technical, western blotting and multiplex. Immunohistochemical was used to analyze the expression by ACC. A hypertrophy renal index was calculated by the reason the kidney weight/body weight. The histomorphology was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin stain.RET improved renal parameters in the DT group showing a decreased proteinuria (DS:15±1.5; DT:16±2.0; CS:38±3; CT:16±2mg/24h). The renal expression of mTOR and Akt, was increased in the DS animals, and the early RET was able to prevent, the same results were observed in the hypertrophy renal index (p<0,05). The ACC was decreased in DS group and RET normalized this expression (p<0,05). Surprisingly, when analyzing the morphology was not find any difference between the groups.Our findings showed that RET was able to prevent renal hypertrophy, molecularly, and improvement of the renal parameters induced by experimental diabetes. These results demonstrate that the RET the clinical application in early diabetic patients may help prevent and/or treat the renal hypertrophy.Support or Funding InformationSources of Funding This study was supported by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientıfico e Tecnologico (CNPq).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Muscle Metaboreflex Induced Increases in Effective Arterial Elastance
Authors: Mannozzi Joseph T , Al‐Hassan Mohamed , Lessanework Beruk B , Alvarez Alberto , O'Leary Donal S 
Published: June 2021

Dynamic exercise elicits robust changes in sympathetic activity in part due to accumulation of metabolites within the active skeletal muscle which activates group III and IV afferents triggering the muscle metaboreflex. This reflex raises cardiac output via tachycardia, increased ventricular contractility, and central blood volume mobilization which improves perfusion to the active skeletal muscle. An important component of maintaining exercise performance is optimal ventricular ‐ vascular coupling which can change with exercise, aging, as well as pathophysiological conditions. The effect of muscle metaboreflex activation (MMA) on ventricular ‐ vascular interactions is unknown. We hypothesized that MMA increases Effective Arterial Elastance (Ea). We utilized two previously published methods of evaluating Ea (End Systolic Pressure / Stroke Volume (M1) and Heart Rate x Vascular Resistance (M2)) at rest, during mild treadmill exercise, and during MMA induced via partial reductions in hindlimb blood flow imposed during exercise. At rest Ea averaged 3.0 ± 0.1 and 3.0 ± 0.2 mmHg/mL for M1 and M2, respectively. With the transition from rest to mild exercise little change in Ea occurred, whereas with subsequent MMA, Ea increased significantly by 33.6% ± 2.7 and 20.5% ± 2.3 for M1 and M2. We conclude that MMA elicits robust increases in Ea which parallel the substantial increases in ventricular performance thereby optimizing ventricular ‐ vascular coupling.Support or Funding InformationSupported by HL‐55473, HL‐126706, HL120822 and R25 GM058905This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Skin Erythema and Blood Flow Responses to Acute Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure
Authors: Berry Craig W. , Hill Imani N. , Wolf S. Tony , Stanhewicz Anna E. , Kenney W. Larry 
Published: June 2021

Acute exposure to ultraviolet (UV)‐B light elicits an inflammatory response in the skin, resulting in erythema (reddening) and increased skin blood flow over the following 24 hours. However, the time course of, and relation between, these responses is unclear. Likewise, it is unknown whether these responses differ following exposure to broad spectrum (UV‐AB) vs. UV‐B light, as well as how application of sunscreen on the skin impacts these two responses.PurposeTo examine (1) the time course of erythema and skin blood flow responses over 8 h following acute UV‐B and UV‐AB exposure, and (2) the impact of sunscreen application on those responses. We hypothesized that (1) the erythema and blood flow responses would track each other, (2) both responses would be higher following UV‐AB compared to UV‐B exposure, and (3) sunscreen would attenuate responses to both UV‐AB and UV‐B.MethodsThe ventral aspect of both forearms of 10 healthy young adults (25±4 yrs; 6M/4F) were exposed to either UV‐AB (10 mJ/cm2; 6 mJ/cm2 UVA + 4 mJ/cm2 UV‐B) or UV‐B (4 mJ/cm2). Two 2‐cm2 sites on each arm were randomly chosen for acute UV exposure with or without pre‐treatment with topical SPF‐50 sunscreen. Erythema index (EI; reflectance spectrometry) and red cell flux (laser‐Doppler flowmetry) were measured at each site before, immediately after, and 2, 4, 6, and 8 h post‐exposure. Cutaneous vascular conductance was calculated (CVC=flux/MAP) at each time point and both EI and CVC were expressed as change from baseline.ResultsEI increased linearly after exposure to UV‐B (p<0.01 at 4, 6, and 8 h post‐exposure) and UV‐AB (p=0.02 at 6 h, p<0.01 at 8 h). Unlike the immediate increase in EI, no increase was seen for CVC until 4 h post‐UV‐B (p<0.01) and UV‐AB (p=0.06). Sunscreen effectively blocked the EI response to both UV‐B and UV‐AB exposures (p>0.05) and prevented, the CVC responses to UV‐B (p<0.01 at 6 and 8 hours) and UV‐AB (p=0.03 at 8 h).ConclusionExposure to UV‐B or UV‐AB induced an immediate and linear increase in EI, but a delayed (by 4 h) increase in CVC. Sunscreen prevented the EI response and blunted the rise in CVC. These data suggest that the inflammatory response to acute UV exposure is characterized by an immediate erythema response and a delayed blood flow response in the cutaneous microvasculature and that sunscreen may protect against both responses.Support or Funding InformationACSM Foundation Doctoral Student Research GrantThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Mourning Doves, Zenaida macroura, are Resistant to Metabolic Effects of a High Fat Diet
Authors: Basile Anthony J , Shi Xiaojian , Jasbi Paniz , Gu Haiwei , Deviche Pierre Joseph , Sweazea Karen L 
Published: June 2021

Birds have naturally high glycemia relative to mammals and can serve as a natural animal model of hyperglycemia without associated mammalian‐like complications. In mice, consumption of a high fat diet (60% kcals from fat) for six weeks results in a pathologic condition characterized by increased body weight and elevated plasma insulin, glucose, and triglycerides. Thus, we hypothesized that adult Mourning Doves consuming a high fat diet (60% kcal from fat; HF; n=4) would likewise exhibit diabetes‐like pathology including hyperglycemia and altered metabolic profile when compared to birds fed a control diet (CON; n=5). All doves were housed individually and fed a nutritional balanced dove seed diet during a week‐long cage acclimation period. Next, birds were acclimated to their study diets for a week where the study diets were mixed into the seed diet in increasing amount until only the study diet remained. At the end of the four‐week experimental dietary period, we euthanized birds with an overdose of sodium pentobarbital and collected cardiac blood, liver, kidney, and pectoralis muscle for metabolomic analyses and biochemical assays. Contrary to our hypothesis, doves fed a HF diet developed few metabolite changes compared to control doves (number of altered metabolite concentrations: 19 of 137 in plasma, 4 of 152 in liver, 1 of 142 in pectoralis muscle, 3 in 150 in kidney; p<0.05). Specifically, glucose metabolite concentrations did not differ between groups. Further, we observed alterations in several metabolic pathways, but changes in only two pathways were significant (p<0.05) and concurrently of high impact (scale: 0–1; >0.60): (a) Ubiquinone and other terpenoid‐quinone biosynthesis (plasma and kidney), and (b) alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism (plasma and kidney). In addition, consumption of the HF diet did not alter body mass, plasma uric acid, pectoralis glycogen, or liver glycogen and triglycerides. In conclusion, consumption of a HF diet for four weeks did not instigate symptoms of diabetes. Elucidating the uniqueness of avian nutritional physiology, specifically their resistance to dietinduced metabolic complications, may help develop novel therapeutic agents for mammalian diabetes.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Differential effects of a 5‐HT1A receptor agonist on breathing and swallow motor patterns
Authors: Iceman Kimberly , Huff Alyssa , Reed Mitchell , Greene Clint , Howland Dena , Pitts Teresa 
Published: June 2021

Swallow disorder (dysphagia) can cause aspiration and lead to pneumonia in a number of patient populations, including individuals with cervical spinal cord injury. Dysphagia is characterized by dysfunction in the swallow motor pattern, which is a sequential activation of muscles that propels the bolus into the esophagus and prevents entry into the airway. Diaphragm activity contributes to effective swallow by generating negative pressure which draws the bolus into the esophagus. There currently are no effective pharmacological treatments for dysphagia, and we aim to explore the effects of a potential treatment agent by first assessing its effects on baseline breathing and swallow. We use EMG to record breathing patterns and water‐induced swallow in pentobarbital‐anesthetized spontaneously breathing cats. EMGs are recorded from the mylohyoid, thyrohyoid, thyroarytenoid, thyropharyngeus, cricopharyngeus (upper esophageal sphincter), and diaphragm muscles, and trans‐diaphragmatic pressure is measured by monitoring esophageal and stomach pressures. The serotonin 5‐HT1A receptor agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT is delivered via the vertebral artery in doses ranging from 1μg/kg – 50 μg/kg. We report here differential effects of low‐dose (3 μg/kg) and high dose (30 μg/kg) 8‐OH‐DPAT on swallow‐breathing coordination, behavior‐specific muscle recruitment patterns, and the sequential muscle activation necessary for proper movement of a bolus through the pharynx. This work will potentially inform treatment of patients with dysphagia, including those with cervical spinal cord injuries.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by NIH grants HL 111215, HL 103415 and OT20D001983, the Craig F. Neilson Foundation Pilot Research Grant 546714, Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation, Research and Development RCSB92495 (DRH), Kentucky Spinal Cord and Head Injury Research Trust, Rebecca F. Hammond Endowment (DRH), and the Commonwealth of Kentucky Challenge for Excellence.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Excessive erythrocytosis in high‐altitude residents is associated with modest impairments in short‐term memory and processing speed
Authors: Heinrich Erica C. , Djokic Matea A. , Anza‐Ramirez Cecilia , Galindo Gustavo Vizcardo , Gilbertson Dillon , DeYoung Pamela , Orr Jeremy E. , Powell Frank L. , Malhotra Atul , Villafuerte Francisco C. , Simonson Tatum S. 
Published: June 2021

Nearly one‐third of high‐altitude Andean men develop excessive erythrocytosis (EE; [Hb] ≥ 21g/dL and [Hb] ≥ 19g/dL in men and women, respectively) and Chronic Mountain Sickness (CMS) in response to chronic hypoxemia. Reduced carotid artery flow, nighttime brain blood flow, and confusion have been reported among individuals with CMS. We sought to determine if men and women with EE showed significant cognitive impairments compared to healthy non‐CMS individuals. Forty‐eight life‐long residents (24 men and 24 women, 19 healthy and 5 EE individuals in each group) of Cerro de Pasco, Peru (4,350 m altitude) completed a battery of tests in their native language that examined a range of cognitive functions including speed processing, cognitive flexibility, verbal/working short‐term memory, emotion recognition, risk‐taking behavior, and reflex speed the morning following an overnight sleep study. Compared to healthy individuals, the EE group with higher hematocrit (EE: 63.4 ± 5.0% versus non‐EE: 50.9 ± 5.3%, p << 0.0001; no significant difference in age) memorized fewer words on the verbal paired associates test (EE: 3.4 ± 2.8, non‐EE: 6.3 ± 5.7, p < 0.05) and exhibited longer reaction times on the emotion recognition task (EE: 8090 ± 2130 ms, non‐EE: 5429 ± 2849 ms, p < 0.01). There were modest but significant associations of hematocrit with performance on the trail making tests (version A: p < 0.05, r2 = 0.09; version B: p < 0.05, r2 = 0.12), the mean reaction time on the emotion recognition task (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.10), mean reaction time on the balloon analog risk task (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.10), and the mean reaction time on the psychomotor vigilance task (men only: p < 0.05, r2 = 0.21). Together, these results support previous findings of reduced processing speed and speed of attention in highland versus sea‐level residents and demonstrate further impairments in short‐term verbal memory and reaction times, especially when making complex decisions, in high‐altitude EE patients.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the following training grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH): NIH NHLBI R00HL118215 (TSS), NIH NHLBI F32HL131306 (JO), NIH NHLBI F32HL131218 (ECH). Funding was also provided by an American Physiological Society Giles Filley Award (TSS) and the UCSD Center for Physiological Genomics of Low Oxygen. FCV is supported by the Wellcome Trust.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Deep Brain Stimulation of the Paraventricular Hypothalamus Activates Brown Adipose Tissue Sympathetic Nerve Activity: A Foundation for a Therapeutic Approach to Obesity
Authors: Madden Christopher J , Burchiel Kim , Morrison Shaun F 
Published: June 2021

Obesity is a major epidemic with enormous societal costs. Recently, surgical approaches to the treatment of obesity have become more common. Since the rediscovery of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans and the demonstration of the inverse correlation between BAT activation and obesity, BAT activation has emerged as a target for weight reduction. The main goal of this study was to demonstrate the “proof of concept” that electrical stimulation of hypothalamic sites could activate sympathetic outflow to BAT. In addition, these studies investigated optimal stimulus parameters and potential mechanisms underlying electrical stimulation‐induced increases in BAT sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). In urethane/chloralose anesthetized rats, maintained electrical stimulation (0.1mA, 0.1ms pulses, 100Hz trains for 5 sec periods with 50% duty cycle) of the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) elicited a biphasic response in BAT SNA. Initially, PVH stimulation inhibited BAT SNA, but this was followed by brief activations of BAT SNA during the off cycle between stimulus trains. After several minutes, PVH stimulation caused large activations of BAT SNA that occurred during both the on and off cycles, and these increased BAT temperature by 0.5–2.0 °C. These increases in BAT SNA and BAT thermogenesis were sustained for at least one hour of PVH stimulation. Nanoinjection of the GABAA antagonist, bicuculline, in the PVH prevented the stimulation‐evoked increases in BAT SNA and BAT thermogenesis. Thus, local release of GABA during PVH stimulation is necessary for the stimulus‐evoked activation of BAT SNA and increases in BAT metabolism. These data serve as a foundation for a potential approach to increasing metabolism in BAT for the treatment of obesity.Support or Funding InformationNIH NCATS UL1‐TR000128 (CJM) and R01‐NS091066 (SFM)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Hemodynamic Responses to Venous Distension: Does Sex Play a Role?
Authors: Mansur Daniel , Campos Monique O , Mattos João D , Paiva Adrielle CS , Videira Rogério , Macefield Vaughan , Nóbrega Antonio CL , Fernandes Igor Alexandre 
Published: June 2021

Peripheral venous distension mechanically stimulates type III/IV sensory fibers in veins and evokes pressor and sympathoexcitatory reflex responses in humans. As young females have reduced venous compliance, smaller increases in arterial pressure to type III/IV sensory fibers activation and impaired sympathetic transduction, we tested the hypothesis that pressor and sympathoexcitatory responses to venous distension may be attenuated in women compared to men. Mean arterial pressure (MAP, photoplethysmography), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV, Modelflow), cardiac output (CO = HR x SV), muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), femoral artery blood flow and conductance (FABF and FACT, Doppler ultrasound) were quantified in 8 males (27 ± 4 yrs.) and 9 females (28 ± 4 yrs.) before (CON) during (INF) and after (Post‐INF) a local infusion of normal saline (5% of the forearm volume) through a retrograde catheter inserted into an antecubital vein of the forearm, to which venous drainage and arterial supply had been occluded. MAP increased during and after infusion in both groups (vs. CON, p ≤ 0.05) but women showed a smaller pressor response in the Post‐INF period (Δ+7.2 ± 2.0 vs. men Δ+18.3 ± 3.9 mmHg, p = 0.019). MSNA increased and FACT decreased similarly in both groups (vs. CON, p ≤ 0.05) at Post‐INF. While HR changes were similar, increases in SV (Δ+20.4 ± 8.6 vs. Δ+2.6 ± 2.7 mL, p = 0.05) and CO (Δ+0.84 ± 0.17 vs. Δ+0.34 ± 0.10 L/min, p = 0.024) were greater in men than women. Therefore, these findings indicate that venous distension evokes a smaller pressor response in young women due to attenuated cardiac adjustments rather than to reduced venous compliance or sympathetic transduction.Support or Funding InformationSupport: CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.