bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constituição de 1988
Authors: Marini Ruy Mauro 
Published: December 2021

O processo constituinte brasileiro, de 1987-1988, recorre ao arsenal jurídico da teoria política burguesa que conforma três vertentes claramente diferenciadas: a autoritária, de Hobbes e Hegel; a liberal, de Locke; e a democrática, de Rousseau. A tradição constitucional brasileira, gestada no seio da teoria política burguesa, tem como influências determinantes, em primeiro lugar, a corrente autoritária, e, em sugundo, a liberal. A constituição de 1988 redundou em um compromisso entre autoritarismo e liberalismo, representado na permanência do sistema presidencialista, ainda que tenha introduzido na tradição constitucionalista brasileira um elemento inovador, um caráter mais abertamente democrático. Assim, aparecem novas ou renovadas figuras jurídicas que submetem o Estado brasileiro, tornando-o mais permeável Ã iniciativa popular, o que não tem precedentes na história constitucional do país ”“ tudo isso devido Ã s lutas sociais que antecederam e que foram concomitantes Ã Constituinte, que não têm paralelo na história moderna do Brasil. Ainda assim, a ordem econômica e a democracia participativa apresentam-se bastante restringidas, algo mais coerente com a tradição liberal do que com a democrática. Por fim, é a aposta na mobilização popular que permitirá realizar as potencialidades que a Constituição de 1988 esboça.
Metodologia de análise na teoria da dependência
Authors: Silva Luisa Maria Nunes de Moura e 
Published: December 2021

Pretendemos, neste trabalho, iniciar um mapeamento e aprofundar o entendimento de conceitos, variáveis e indicadores desenvolvidos nas vertentes criticas originárias da Teoria da Dependência (Gunder Frank, Ruy Mauro Marini, Vânia Bambirra, Theotonio dos Santos) e nas vertentes que vêm se desenvolvendo na atualidade. Partimos da dualidade do conceito de dependência: interdependência (Fernando Henrique Cardoso) e dependência estrutural (Ruy Mauro Marini) e de sua validação “científica”, passando pelos conceitos de troca desigual, super-exploração da força de trabalho, sub-imperialismo, padrão de reprodução, integração regional e, na sequência, inovação endógena, subordinação cultural, entre outros, para construirmos um quadro conceitual que ampliará os horizontes e facilitará o direcionamento das pesquisas comparativas bem como a “precisão” da análise na elaboração de diagnósticos de problemas latino-americanos. Do quadro conceitual serão vislumbradas novas possibilidade de construção de indicadores que fornecerão elementos para decisões políticas e de intervenção social. introduzido na tradição constitucionalista brasileira um elemento inovador, um caráter mais abertamente democrático. Assim, aparecem novas ou renovadas figuras jurídicas que submetem o Estado brasileiro, tornando-o mais permeável Ã iniciativa popular, o que não tem precedentes na história constitucional do país ”“ tudo isso devido Ã s lutas sociais que antecederam e que foram concomitantes Ã Constituinte, que não têm paralelo na história moderna do Brasil. Ainda assim, a ordem econômica e a democracia participativa apresentam-se bastante restringidas, algo mais coerente com a tradição liberal do que com a democrática. Por fim, é a aposta na mobilização popular que permitirá realizar as potencialidades que a Constituição de 1988 esboça.
Intrusos
Authors: Almeida Ana Lia 
Published: December 2021

O trabalho “Intrusos: o incômodo trânsito dos trabalhadores no terreno jurídico” discute os laços constitutivos e inescapáveis do direito com a sociedade de classes, conferindo forma específica Ã s relações materiais de produção e reprodução social. Parte das discussões travadas na tese de doutorado “Um estalo nas faculdades de direito: perspectivas ideológicas da Assessoria Jurídica Universitária Popular” (2015), o presente artigo apresenta alguns elementos da pesquisa de campo realizada para o trabalho doutoral, junto a grupos de assessoria jurídica universitária popular presentes nas faculdades de direito do Nordeste do país. O marco teórico transita no campo da tradição marxista, em especial as análises do próprio Marx, Luckács, Pachukanis e Mészáros.
Direitos Humanos e políticas sociais
Authors: Alapanian Silvia 
Published: December 2021

O artigo discute os Direitos Humanos a partir do resgate dos princípios que lhe dão sustentação, como seu caráter evolucionista na perspectiva de um desenvolvimento histórico, como defendido por Marshall e Bobbio. Propõe uma reflexão acerca dos limites da efetivação dos Direitos Humanos, com ênfase para os direitos sociais, tendo como referência a crítica marxista do Direito. Apresenta as políticas sociais como mecanismos de operacionalização dos serviços sociais, como serviços de saúde, previdência, assistência social, discutindo-os como mecanismos do Estado cujos objetivos estão voltados prioritariamente para a reprodução da força de trabalho, ocupada e excedente, problematizando a concepção que coloca a luta pela ampliação das políticas sociais no centro da busca pela garantia de Direitos Humanos.
Upaya Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Keterampilan Remaja Untuk Deteksi Dini Kanker Payudara Melalui Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri (SADARI)
Authors: Khayati Nikmatul , Rejeki Sri , Machmudah Machmudah , Pawestri Pawestri , Armiyati Yunie , Sianturi Roni 
Published: December 2021

Masa remaja merupakan awal masa pubertas yang ditandai dengan tumbuh dan berkembangnya hormon-hormon pubertas secara cepat. Pesatnya pertumbuhan tanda seks sekunder seperti pembesaran sel di payudara dapat menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya kanker payudara. Kanker payudara merupakan kanker terbesar pada perempuan yang terjadi pada usia subur sekitar 42,1 per 100.000 penduduk. Perlu upaya deteksi dini yang dapat dilakukan dengan Pemeriksaan payudara sendiri (SADARI). SADARI atau Breast Self Examination (BSE) adalah metode sistematik untuk pemeriksaan adanya kelainan pada daerah dada terutama payudara sampai area ketiak dengan cara melihat/inspeksi dan meraba/palpasi yang dilakukan secara mandiri. SADARI merupakan tindakan yang aman, murah, sederhana dan efektif digunakan untuk deteksi dini Kanker Payudara. Tujuan utama kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan skill remaja tentang SADARI. Tujuan khususnya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang kanker payudara, faktor risiko, tanda dan gejala, upaya pencegahan, kanker payudara, waktu yang efektif untuk SADARI dan dapat melakukan praktik SADARI. Metode yang dilakukan berupa ceramah, diskusi, demonstrasi, dan redemonstrasi. Persiapan dilakukan bersama tim untuk pembagian tanggung jawab kegiatan dan persiapan media. Sebelum dan sesudah kegiatan dilakukan evaluasi awal dan akhir terkait materi. Mayoritas 75% peserta berpengetahuan cukup untuk konsep kanker payudara dan 90% kategori kurang untuk skill SADARI. Setelah dilaksanakan kegiatan edukasi terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dalam kategori baik sebesar 95% dan 90% memiliki ketrampilan dalam kategori baik untuk SADARI. Kegiatan ini perlu disebarluaskan dan ditingkatkan motivasinya agar perempuan memiliki kesadaran untuk rutin melakukan SADARI agar dapat mendeteksi kanker payudara secara dini.
Current Approaches to Demonstration of Therapeutic Equivalence of Locally-Acting Gastrointestinal Drugs
Authors: Gorbunova E. V. , Goryachev D. V. , Gorskaya T. E. , Bogdanov A. N. 
Published: December 2021

Evolution of knowledge about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of locally acting products, and an increase in the number of generics and medicines under development have laid the ground for the development of new scientific approaches to planning and conducting of therapeutic equivalence studies of medicinal products acting locally in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. To date, many international guidelines on planning and conducting of bioequivalence (BE) studies of locally acting GI products have been updated, however, there are still no such guidelines in the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Therefore, elaboration of common methodological approaches to the planning of clinical studies of these products is of particular relevance for the EAEU. The aim of the study was to analyse foreign approaches to planning, conducting, and evaluation of therapeutic equivalence studies of locally acting GI products. The paper analyses the guidelines of the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration on the planning, conduct, and evaluation of BE studies of locally acting GI products. The analysis demonstrated that BE clinical trials are giving way to in vitro studies providing a sensitive and accurate assessment of the differences between a locally acting GI product and the reference product, based on careful consideration of the medicine’s mechanism of action, dosage form, and site of action. The paper gives examples of test methods applied to medicinal products with a complex biopharmaceutical profile whose bioequivalence assessment is challenging, with a special focus on mesalazine products. The results of the analysis may be used for elaboration of a harmonised methodological approach to planning and conducting therapeutic equivalence studies of locally acting GI products in the Russian Federation and EAEU.
PENGARUH KUOTA EKSPOR TERHADAP HARGA KARET DOMESTIK INDONESIA
Authors: Alfi Nurdina  , Harmini  , Rifin Amzul 
Published: December 2021

Abstrak
Agreed Export Tonnage Scheme merupakan kebijakan pembatasan kuota ekspor karet alam oleh Indonesia, Malaysia dan Thailand. Kebijakan ini diduga memengaruhi harga karet alam di tingkat petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kebijakan kuota ekspor terhadap harga karet alam domestik Indonesia di tingkat petani. Penelitian menggunakan data time series bulanan dari Januari 2013 sampai Desember 2019 menggunakan Error Correction Model. Dalam jangka panjang, harga karet alam pada periode sebelumnya, nilai tukar, konsumsi, produksi dan harga karet alam dunia signifikan. Sementara itu, dalam jangka pendek, harga karet alam pada periode sebelumnya, nilai tukar, dan harga karet alam dunia juga signifikan. Variabel total ekspor dan dummy kebijakan tidak signifikan baik dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek. Hal ini diduga karena harga karet alam tidak lagi bergantung pada faktor fundamental tetapi disebabkan oleh faktor eksternal lainnya. Perbaikan diperlukan, termasuk desain kebijakan yang komprehensif, implementasi dan evaluasi teknis yang jelas, serta kolaborasi tambahan dengan produsen karet alam lainnya. Selain itu, sejalan dengan kebijakan pembatasan ekspor, Indonesia perlu mendorong pertumbuhan industri pengolahan karet alam menjadi produk hilir.
Kata Kunci: ECM, Karet Alam, Harga Domestik, AETS

Abstract
Agreed Export Tonnage Scheme is a policy of limiting natural rubber export quotas by Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. This policy is suspected to affect the price of natural rubber at the farm level. This study aims to analyze the effect of the export quota policy on Indonesia's domestic natural rubber prices at the farm level. The study uses monthly time series data from January 2013 to December 2019 used Error Correction Model. In the long term, natural rubber prices in the previous period, exchange rate, consumption, production, and world natural rubber prices are significant. Meanwhile, in the short term, natural rubber prices in the previous period, exchange rates, and world price natural rubber were significant. The variable total exports and the policy dummy are not significant both in the long and short term. This is presumably because natural rubber prices no longer depend on fundamental factors but are caused by other external factors. Improvements are needed, including comprehensive policy design, clear technical implementation, and evaluation, as well as additional collaboration with other natural rubber producers. In addition, in line with the export restriction policy, Indonesia needs to encourage the growth of the natural rubber processing industry into downstream products
Keywords: ECM, Natural Rubber, Domestic Price, AETS
JEL Classification: Q17, Q18, Q21
Sociodemographic disparities in fetal surgery for myelomeningocele: a single-center retrospective review
Authors: Foy Andrew B. , Sawin Kathleen J. , Derflinger Tia , Heffelfinger Amy K. , Koop Jennifer I. , Cohen Susan S. , Sherburne Eileen C. 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
Fetal surgery for myelomeningocele has become an established treatment that offers less risk of requiring a ventricular shunt and improved functional outcomes for patients. An increasing body of literature has suggested that social determinants of health have a profound influence on health outcomes. The authors sought to determine the socioeconomic and racial and ethnic backgrounds of patients who were treated with fetal surgery versus those who underwent postnatal repair.

METHODS
Demographic data, the method of myelomeningocele repair, insurance status, and zip code data for patients entered into the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry (NSBPR) from Children’s Wisconsin were collected. The zip code was used to determine the Distressed Communities Index (DCI) score, a composite socioeconomic ranking with scores ranging from 0 (no distress) to 100 (severe distress). The zip code was also used to determine the median household income for each patient based on the US Census Bureau 2013–2017 American Community Survey 5-year estimates.

RESULTS
A total of 205 patients were identified with zip code and insurance data. There were 23 patients in the fetal surgery group and 182 patients in the postnatal surgery group. All patients were born between 2000 and 2019. Patients in the fetal surgery group were more likely to have commercial insurance (100% vs 52.2%, p < 0.001). Fetal surgery patients were also more likely to be non-Hispanic White (95.7% vs 68.7%, p = 0.058), just missing the level of statistical significance. Patients who underwent fetal surgery tended to reside in zip codes with a higher median household income (mean $66,507 vs $59,133, p = 0.122) and less-distressed communities (mean DCI score 31.3 vs 38.5, p = 0.289); however, these differences did not reach statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients treated with fetal surgery were more likely to have commercial insurance and have a non-Hispanic White racial and ethnic background. The preliminary data suggest that socioeconomic and racial and ethnic disparities may exist regarding access to fetal surgery, and investigation of a larger population of spina bifida patients is warranted.
Neurological event prediction for patients with symptomatic cerebral cavernous malformation: the BLED2 score
Authors: Orlev Alon , Feghali James , Kimchi Gil , Salomon Moran , Berkowitz Shani , Oxman Liat , Levitan Idan , Knoller Nachshon , Auriel Eitan , Huang Judy , Tamargo Rafael J. , Harnof Sagi 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
Retrospective patient cohort studies have identified risk factors associated with recurrent focal neurological events in patients with symptomatic cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). Using a prospectively maintained database of patients with CCMs, this study identified key risk factors for recurrent neurological events in patients with symptomatic CCM. A simple scoring system and risk stratification calculator was then created to predict future neurological events in patients with symptomatic CCMs.

METHODS
This was a dual-center, prospectively acquired, retrospectively analyzed cohort study. Adult patients who presented with symptomatic CCMs causing focal neurological deficits or seizures were uniformly treated and clinically followed from the time of diagnosis onward. Baseline variables included age, sex, history of intracerebral hemorrhage, lesion multiplicity, location, eloquence, size, number of past neurological events, and duration since last event. Stepwise multivariable Cox regression was used to derive independent predictors of recurrent neurological events, and predictive accuracy was assessed. A scoring system based on the relative magnitude of each risk factor was devised, and Kaplan-Meier curve analysis was used to compare event-free survival among patients with different score values. Subsequently, 1-, 2-, and 5-year neurological event rates were calculated for every score value on the basis of the final model.

RESULTS
In total, 126 (47%) of 270 patients met the inclusion criteria. During the mean (interquartile range) follow-up of 54.4 (12–66) months, 55 patients (44%) experienced recurrent neurological events. Multivariable analysis yielded 4 risk factors: bleeding at presentation (HR 1.92, p = 0.048), large size ≥ 12 mm (HR 2.06, p = 0.016), eloquent location (HR 3.01, p = 0.013), and duration ≤ 1 year since last event (HR 9.28, p = 0.002). The model achieved an optimism-corrected c-statistic of 0.7209. All factors were assigned 1 point, except duration from last event which was assigned 2 points. The acronym BLED2 summarizes the scoring system. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year risks of a recurrent neurological event ranged from 0.6%, 1.2%, and 2.3%, respectively, for patients with a BLED2 score of 0, to 48%, 74%, and 93%, respectively, for patients with a BLED2 score of 5.

CONCLUSIONS
The BLED2 risk score predicts prospective neurological events in symptomatic CCM patients.
Radiographic and clinical outcomes in one- and two-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusions: a comparison of bullet versus banana cages
Authors: Toop Nathaniel , Viljoen Stephanus , Baum Justin , Hatef Jeffrey , Maggio Dominic , Oosten James , Deistler Kyle , Gilkey Ty , Close Liesl , Farhadi H. Francis , Grossbach Andrew J. 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine whether cage morphology influences clinical and radiographic outcomes following short-segment transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) procedures.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed one- and two-level TLIFs at a single tertiary care center between August 2012 and November 2019 with a minimum 1-year radiographic and clinical follow-up. Two cohorts were compared based on interbody cage morphology: steerable “banana” cage or straight “bullet” cage. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), radiographs, and complications were analyzed.

RESULTS
A total of 135 patients with 177 interbody levels were identified; 45 patients had 52 straight cages and 90 patients had 125 steerable cages. Segmental lordosis increased with steerable cages, while it decreased with straight cages (+3.8 ± 4.6 vs −1.9 ± 4.3, p < 0.001). Conversely, the mean segmental lordosis of adjacent lumbar levels decreased in the former group, while it increased in the latter group (−0.52 ± 1.9 vs +0.52 ± 2.1, p = 0.004). This reciprocal relationship results in global sagittal parameters, including pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis and lumbar distribution index, which did not change after surgery with either cage morphology. Multivariate analysis confirmed that steerable cage morphology, anterior cage positioning, and less preoperative index-level segmental lordosis were associated with greater improvement in index-level segmental lordosis. PROMs were improved after surgery with both cage types, and the degree of improvement did not differ between cohorts (p > 0.05). Perioperative and radiographic complications were similar between cohorts (p > 0.05). Overall reoperation rates, as well as reoperation rates for adjacent-segment disease within 2 years of surgery, were not significantly different between cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS
Steerable cages are more likely to lie within the anterior disc space, thus increasing index-level segmental lordosis, which is accompanied by a reciprocal change in segmental alignment at the adjacent lumbar levels. The converse relationship occurs for straight cages, with a kyphotic change at the index levels and reciprocal lordosis occurring at adjacent levels.
The incidence and predictors of new brain metastases in patients with non–small cell lung cancer following discontinuation of systemic therapy
Authors: London Dennis , Patel Dev N. , Donahue Bernadine , Navarro Ralph E. , Gurewitz Jason , Silverman Joshua S. , Sulman Erik , Bernstein Kenneth , Palermo Amy , Golfinos John G. , Sabari Joshua K. , Shum Elaine , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Chachoua Abraham , Kondziolka Douglas 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
Patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastatic to the brain are living longer. The risk of new brain metastases when these patients stop systemic therapy is unknown. The authors hypothesized that the risk of new brain metastases remains constant for as long as patients are off systemic therapy.

METHODS
A prospectively collected registry of patients undergoing radiosurgery for brain metastases was analyzed. Of 606 patients with NSCLC, 63 met the inclusion criteria of discontinuing systemic therapy for at least 90 days and undergoing active surveillance. The risk factors for the development of new tumors were determined using Cox proportional hazards and recurrent events models.

RESULTS
The median duration to new brain metastases off systemic therapy was 16.0 months. The probability of developing an additional new tumor at 6, 12, and 18 months was 26%, 40%, and 53%, respectively. There were no additional new tumors 22 months after stopping therapy. Patients who discontinued therapy due to intolerance or progression of the disease and those with mutations in RAS or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathways (e.g., KRAS, EGFR) were more likely to develop new tumors (hazard ratio [HR] 2.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33–3.81, p = 2.5 × 10−3; HR 2.51, 95% CI 1.45–4.34, p = 9.8 × 10−4, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
The rate of new brain metastases from NSCLC in patients off systemic therapy decreases over time and is uncommon 2 years after cessation of cancer therapy. Patients who stop therapy due to toxicity or who have RAS or RTK pathway mutations have a higher rate of new metastases and should be followed more closely.
Prognostic factors for long-term outcomes of microvascular decompression in the treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a retrospective analysis of 97 patients
Authors: Zheng Wentao , Zhao Peng , Song Haidong , Liu Bo , Zhou Jingru , Fan Cungang , Wang Dongliang , Liu Ruen 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
The authors aimed to investigate predictors of postoperative outcomes of microvascular decompression (MVD) for the treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN).

METHODS
A cohort of 97 patients with medically refractory GPN who underwent MVD at the authors’ institution between January 2010 and July 2019 was retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to identify predictors of long-term outcome in patients after MVD.

RESULTS
Eighty-nine patients (91.8%) reported immediate and complete relief of pain after the procedure. Of the remaining 8 patients (8.2%), 6 achieved partial pain relief and pain gradually diminished within 2 weeks after surgery, and 2 did not experience postoperative pain relief. In univariate Cox regression analysis, venous compression of the glossopharyngeal nerve root entry zone (HR 3.591, 95% CI 1.660–7.767, p = 0.001) and lower degree of neurovascular conflict (HR 2.449, 95% CI 1.177–5.096, p = 0.017) were significantly associated with worse pain-free survival. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, venous compression (HR 8.192, 95% CI 2.960–22.669, p < 0.001) and lower degree of neurovascular conflict (HR 5.450, 95% CI 2.069–14.356, p = 0.001) remained independently associated with worse pain-free survival.

CONCLUSIONS
Venous compression of the glossopharyngeal nerve root entry zone and lower degree of neurovascular conflict were significantly correlated with shorter pain-free survival in patients who underwent MVD for GPN. Microvascular decompression is a safe, feasible, and durable approach with a low complication rate for the treatment of GPN.