bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scalable, Robust, Low‐Cost, and Highly Thermally Conductive Anisotropic Nanocomposite Films for Safe and Efficient Thermal Management
Authors: Chen Qiang , Ma Zhewen , Wang Zhengzhou , Liu Lei , Zhu Menghe , Lei Weiwei , Song Pingan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecently, soaring developments in microelectronics raise an urgent demand for thermal management materials to tackle their “overheating” concerns. Polymer nanocomposites are promising candidates but often suffer from their inability of mass production, high‐cost, poor mechanical robustness, and even flammability. Hence, it is desirable to scalably fabricate low‐cost, robust polymeric nanocomposites that are highly thermally conductive and fire‐retardant to ensure safe and efficient thermal management. Herein, the scalable production of nacre‐like anisotropic nanocomposite films using the layer‐by‐layer assembly of phenylphosphonic acid@graphene nanoplatelets (PPA@GNPs)‐poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) layer and GNPs layers, is demonstrated. The PPA serves as interfacial modifiers and fire retardants for flammable PVA (film‐forming agent) and GNPs (inexpensive conductive nanofillers) via hydrogen‐bonding and π–π stacking. The resultant nanocomposite exhibits a high flexibility, high tensile strength of 259 MPa, and an ultrahigh in‐plane thermal conductivity of 82.4 W m‐1 K‐1, making it effectively cool smartphone and high‐power light emitting diode modules, outperforming commercial tinfoil counterparts. Moreover, the as‐designed nanocomposites are intrinsically fire‐retardant and can shield electromagnetic interference. This work offers a general strategy for mass production of thermally conductive nanocomposites holding great promise as thermal management materials in electronic, military, and aerospace fields.
Magnetically separable and efficient platinum catalyst: Amino ligand enhanced loading and Fe2+ facilitated Pt0 formation
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Cai Cheng , Hu Tao , Zhang Zhijie , Dai Lina , Fei Huafeng , Bai Hongli , Wu Chonggang , Gong Xinghou , Zheng Xuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the interaction between metal and the support is crucial in searching of efficient and recyclable noble metal heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, we report a core‐shell structured support for Pt catalyst with a magnetic Fe3O4 core and a porous silica shell bearing amino groups. The prepared catalyst Fe3O4@mSiO2‐APTES‐Pt showed a high loading of Pt (7.93 wt%) as well as a high fraction of active Pt0 species, which both contributed to the high activity toward a model hydrosilylation reaction between 1‐octene and 1, 1, 1, 3, 5, 5, 5‐heptamethyltrisiloxane (HMTS). X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) analysis revealed that the amino ligands played a dominant role in Pt loading and Fe2+ probably facilitated the formation of low valence Pt0. Under the combined effect of magnetic nature of the support and proper support‐metal interactions, the catalyst exhibited excellent recyclability with a recovery of 99.7% and a yield of over 90% even after eight runs of recycling. This catalyst may provide a new option in designing and preparing heterogeneous catalysts that are highly recoverable, reusable, and recyclable.
Photometric search for exomoons by using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Weghs Lukas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUntil now, there is no confirmed moon beyond our solar system (exomoon). Exomoons offer us new possibly habitable places which might also be outside the classical habitable zone. But until now, the search for exomoons needs much computational power because classical statistical methods are employed. It is shown that exomoon signatures can be found by using deep learning and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), respectively, trained with synthetic light curves combined with real light curves with no transits. It is found that CNNs trained by combined synthetic and observed light curves may be used to find moons bigger or equal to roughly 2–3 Earth radii in the Kepler data set or comparable data sets. Using neural networks in future missions like Planetary Transits and Oscillation of stars might enable the detection of exomoons.
Nitrous oxide‐related neurological disorders: Clinical, laboratory, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological findings
Authors: Jiang Jiwei , Shang Xiuli , Wang Xiaoting , Chen Hanze , Li Wenyi , Wang Yanli , Xu Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecreational N2O abuse is an important etiology of neurological impairment in young patients, which may easily be ignored clinically. Few current studies have investigated the characteristics or the effects experienced by its users. We aimed to explore any correlation between the clinical severity and biomarkers and spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities, identify independent factors associated with spinal MRI abnormalities, and ascertain factors affecting depression/anxiety in patients with N2O‐related neurological disorders.MethodsPatients with N2O‐related neurological disorders were enrolled retrospectively between February 2017 and July 2020. Their demographic, clinical, laboratory, neuroimaging, electrophysiological, and neuropsychological findings were analyzed. Correlation analyses were conducted using Spearman's or Pearson's correlation and linear regression analysis. Independent factors associated with spinal MRI abnormalities were identified using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThe principal clinical manifestations of N2O‐related neurological disorders (n = 63; 38 men, 25 women; mean age ± SD: 22.60 ± 4.46 years) were sensory disturbance, followed by gait disturbance and pyramidal tract damage. A significant negative correlation existed between serum vitamin B12levels and clinical severity (r = −0.309,p = .014), which disappeared after linear regression. An interval of less than 6 months between initial N2O abuse and hospitalization was independently associated with spinal MRI abnormalities (39.47% vs. 72.00%, respectively;χ2 = 6.40,p = .01). Thirty‐eight (60.32%) and 40 (63.49%) patients experienced anxiety and depression, respectively. Moreover, the higher the clinical scores/serum homocysteine levels, the greater the severity of anxiety/depression (r = 0.442,p < .01;r = 0.346,p < .01;r = 0.477,p < .01;r = 0.324,p < .01).ConclusionsThe significant inverse correlation between initial vitamin B12levels and clinical severity could aid prognosis prediction in patients with N2O‐related neurological disorders. Spinal MRI abnormalities were not related to clinical severity but depended on the time interval between initial N2O abuse and hospitalization. Anxiety and depression were common comorbidity in these patients, and their severity increased with the intensity of clinical impairment and/or serum homocysteine levels.
Aggressiveness of care at end of life in patients with high‐grade glioma
Authors: Harrison Rebecca A. , Ou Alexander , Naqvi Syed M. A. A. , Naqvi Syed M. , Weathers Shiao‐Pei S. , O'Brien Barbara J. , de Groot John F. , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with high‐grade glioma (HGG) face unique challenges toward the end of life (EoL), given their aggressive trajectory and neurologic deterioration. Aggressiveness of medical care at EoL has been identified as an important quality metric for oncology patients. At this time, limited data exist around the nature of EoL care of patients with HGG.MethodsPatients with HGG and palliative care (PC) referral seen between 2010 and 2015 were identified (N = 80). Of these, N = 52 met inclusion criteria. Random selections of patients with (1) HGG not referred to PC (n = 80), and (2) non‐CNS cancers with PC referral (n = 80) were identified for comparison. A composite score of aggressiveness of medical care at EoL was calculated for each patient from predetermined variables. A time of eligibility for PC was defined for each patient when predetermined criteria based on symptom burden, functional status, and prognosis were met.ResultsAmong the patients analyzed with HGG referred to PC, 59.6% (N = 31) were referred as inpatients, and 53.8% (N = 28) were referred within the last 12 weeks of life. Patients with HGG had similar aggressiveness of care at EoL regardless of PC referral, and HGG patients had less aggressive care at EoL than patients with non‐CNS cancers (p = 0.007). Care was more aggressive at EoL in HGG patients who received late versus early PC referrals (p = 0.012). Motor weakness at time of eligibility (OR = 2.55, p = 0.002) and more disease progressions (OR = 1.25, p = 0.043) were associated with less aggressive care at EoL.ConclusionsEarly clinical‐ and disease‐related features predict the aggressiveness of medical care at EoL in patients with HGG. Formal PC consultation is used infrequently and suboptimally in patients with HGG. Our data suggest that the role of PC in improving EoL outcomes in HGG warrants further evaluation.
Child Protection Investigations in Scotland: A 33 Per Cent Increase in Two Years
Authors: Bilson Andy 
Published: November 2021

The Scottish government plans a more preventive and partnership‐oriented approach to child protection. However, it has not recently published statistics on the number of child protection investigations. This paper analyses data from a request for information from government. It shows a rate of 153 investigations per 10 000 children aged 0–17 in 2017/18. There were wide variations in rates of investigations across Scottish local authorities. Almost three‐quarters of investigations in 2017/18 did not lead to the child being placed on the child protection register. A small association between investigation rates and local authority deprivation suggests that factors other than deprivation at the local authority level are at play in decisions to investigate child protection. There has been an increase of investigations by one‐third in the last two years with no change in the numbers starting a child protection plan. These trends raise the possibility that concerns about the preventive approach net‐widening and leading to more rather than less children drawn into the formal child protection system may have some basis. The limited nature of published statistical data in Scotland means that policies and activities, which are carried out with large amounts of public funding, receive limited public scrutiny.Key Practitioner Messages

One investigation was conducted for every 65 children in Scotland in 2017/18.
One child in 23 was investigated before the age of four.
Rates of investigation vary widely between local authorities.
One in four investigations are likely to lead to a child protection registration.
There was a 33 per cent increase in investigations in the most recent two years with no change in child protection registrations.
Investigations harm families and lessen the chances of engaging them with support.
‘The limited nature of published statistical data in Scotland means that policies and activities, which are carried out with large amounts of public funding, receive limited public scrutiny’
Adult‐type granulosa cell tumor: An unusual testicular tumor
Authors: Mukendi Alain Mwamba , Mukendi Joelle Bukumbabu , Ahmad Ahsan , Mtshali Nompumelelo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdult type granulosa cell tumours are extremely rare. Albeit mostly benign, 10% have malignant potential associated with unfavorable pathological features. The present case with the longest history duration, shows that size alone may not necessarily be unfavorable prognosticator when not associated with other factors.
The characteristics and prognostic role of acute abdominal on‐admission pain in acute pancreatitis: A prospective cohort analysis of 1432 cases
Authors: Földi Mária , Gede Noémi , Kiss Szabolcs , Vincze Áron , Bajor Judit , Szabó Imre , Szepes Zoltán , Izbéki Ferenc , Gervain Judit , Hamvas József , Vitális Zsuzsanna , Fehér Eszter , Crai Stefan , Sallinen Ville , Ramirez‐Maldonado Elena , Meczker Ágnes , Varjú Péter , Poropat Goran , Stimac Davor , Faluhelyi Nándor , Miseta Attila , Nagy Tamás , Márton Zsolt , Vereczkei András , Jenő Hegyi Péter , Párniczky Andrea , Hegyi Péter , Szentesi Andrea ,   the Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionPain is the most common symptom in acute pancreatitis (AP) and is among the diagnostic criteria. Therefore, we aimed to characterize acute abdominal pain in AP.MethodsThe Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group prospectively collected multicentre clinical data on 1435 adult AP patients between 2012 and 2017. Pain was characterized by its intensity (mild or intense), duration prior to admission (hours), localization (nine regions of the abdomen) and type (sharp, dull or cramping).Results97.3% of patients (n = 1394) had pain on admission. Of the initial population with acute abdominal pain, 727 patients answered questions about pain intensity, 1148 about pain type, 1134 about pain localization and 1202 about pain duration. Pain was mostly intense (70%, n = 511/727), characterized by cramping (61%, n = 705/1148), mostly starting less than 24 h prior to admission (56.7%, n = 682/1202). Interestingly, 50.9% of the patients (n = 577/1134) had atypical pain, which means pain other than epigastric or belt‐like upper abdominal pain. We observed a higher proportion of peripancreatic fluid collection (19.5% vs. 11.0%; p = 0.009) and oedematous pancreas (8.4% vs. 3.1%; p = 0.016) with intense pain. Sharp pain was associated with AP severity (OR = 2.481 95% CI: 1.550–3.969) and increased mortality (OR = 2.263, 95% CI: 1.199–4.059) compared to other types. Longstanding pain (>72 h) on admission was not associated with outcomes. Pain characteristics showed little association with the patient's baseline characteristics.ConclusionA comprehensive patient interview should include questions about pain characteristics, including pain type. Patients with sharp and intense pain might need special monitoring and tailored pain management.SignificanceAcute abdominal pain is the leading presenting symptom in acute pancreatitis; however, we currently lack specific guidelines for pain assessment and management. In our cohort analysis, intense and sharp pain on admission was associated with higher odds for severe AP and several systemic and local complications. Therefore, a comprehensive patient interview should include questions about pain characteristics and patients with intense and sharp pain might need closer monitoring.
Incomplete soil‐foundation contact and foundation input motion: From numerical analysis to field evidence
Authors: Jahankhah Hossein , Taheri Masoud 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper presents how incomplete wall contact between the foundation side‐walls and the surrounding soil alters the foundation input motion (FIM) of rectangular rigid boxes. The foundations are considered to have square sections embedded in a homogeneous linear half‐space. The free‐field motion (FFM) is assumed to be a vertical propagating shear wave. The foundation inputs in three translational and three rotational degrees of freedom (DOFs) were calculated using finite element analysis. Three additional net translational inputs were also introduced to cover movements along all six DOFs and remove the complexity of dealing with the rotational motions. Numerous models with incomplete soil‐foundation contacts were constructed and related FIMs were examined numerically. The key results show that an incomplete contact can activate all six DOFs, even under translational FFM. In some cases, the net input motion reaches ordinates of four times the peak value counterpart in the FFM. This ratio, in perpendicular horizontal and, also, vertical directions, reaches 0.7 and 0.2, respectively. Given the field evidence observations, it is concluded that the odd trends reported in the literature for kinematic transfer functions (TFs), which have not been justified to date, may be caused by a partial soil‐foundation contact.
U–Pb age and Hf isotopic characteristics of detrital zircon from the Nanhua System in Longsheng, northern Guangxi Province, and their geological significance
Authors: Hu Qiaofan , Qin Ya , Feng Zuohai , Wan Lei , Xing Quanli , Wu Jie , Xue Yunfeng 
Published: November 2021

U–Pb dating and Hf isotopes of detrital zircons from the Nanhua System in Longsheng, northern Guangxi, were investigated to determine the depositional age and provenance of the Nanhua System and the early crustal evolution stages of the South China. U–Pb ages of detrital zircons from the Chang'an Formation of the Nanhua System in Longsheng, northern Guangxi, are mainly 0.66 ~ 0.72 Ga and 0.72 ~ 0.90 Ga, with εHf(t) ranging from −17.05 to 12.79. The dominant provenance is composed of Neoproterozoic magmatic rock from the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block and the Nanhua period detrital material from Cathaysia Block. U–Pb ages of detrital zircons from the Fulu Formation can be divided into four major groups, that is, 0.64 ~ 0.72 Ga, 0.72 ~ 0.90 Ga, 1.80 ~ 2.20 Ga, and 2.30 ~ 2.80 Ga, with εHf(t) ranging from −27.66 to 11.68. The main provenance is Neoproterozoic magmatic rock from the southeastern margin of Yangtze Block, followed by the Nanhua period detrital material from the Cathaysia Block and geological body equivalent to the assembly of the Columbia Supercontinent. U–Pb age of detrital zircons from Lijiapo Formation is concentrated in 0.72 ~ 0.90 Ga, with εHf(t) ranging from −16.02 to 11.87, and the main provenance comes from Neoproterozoic magmatic rock in the south‐east margin of Yangtze Block. The second‐stage Hf model age (TDM2) of the Nanhua System is 0.84 ~ 4.51 Ga, with two obvious peak intervals of 0.90 ~ 1.30 Ga and 1.40 ~ 2.10 Ga, and two secondary peak intervals of 2.40 ~ 3.00 Ga and 3.10 ~ 3.60 Ga, which can be interpreted that the research area has experienced four stages of crustal growth: 3.10 ~ 3.60 Ga, 2.40 ~ 3.00 Ga, 1.40 ~ 2.10 Ga, and 0.90 ~ 1.30 Ga. The detrital zircon age spectra indicate that the Chang'an Formation and Fulu Formation of the Nanhua System contain more detrital zircons which is contemporaneous with strata due to the Xuefeng orogeny, while the Lijiapo Formation contains a very small amount of detrital zircon which is contemporaneous with strata, suggesting that the tectonic setting has shifted to a passive continental margin or pull‐apart basin during the period of the Lijiapo Formation.
Arterial calcification on preoperative computed tomography imaging as a risk factor for pharyngocutaneous fistula formation after total laryngectomy
Authors: Bril Sandra I. , Chargi Najiba , Pezier Thomas F. , Tijink Bernard M. , Braunius Weibel W. , Smid Ernst J. , de Jong Pim A. , de Bree Remco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundResearch in esophageal surgery showed that computed tomography (CT) assessed arterial calcification (AC) is associated with postoperative complications. We investigated the association between AC and pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) formation after laryngectomy.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing laryngectomy. AC was scored at 10 different anatomical locations on CT imaging, blinded for PCF occurrence. Association with PCF was investigated using logistic regression.ResultsThe 224 patients were included; 62 (27.7%) developed a PCF. Moderate to severe AC was widespread in patients undergoing TL; 7.1% of patients had at most mild AC, of whom 1 experienced a PCF (p = 0.05). A higher cumulative calcification score was associated with PCF in univariable (OR 1.11, p = 0.04) and multivariable analysis (OR 1.14, p = 0.05).ConclusionAC is widespread in patients undergoing laryngectomy and its burden is associated with PCF. Extensive AC on preoperative imaging may be considered a risk factor for PCF.
Valorizing carbon dioxide via electrochemical reduction on gas‐diffusion electrodes
Authors: Luo Yuqing , Zhang Kefan , Li Yanguang , Wang Yuhang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction provides a means to upgrade CO2 into value‐added chemicals. When powered by renewable electricity, CO2 electroreduction holds the promise of chemical manufacturing with carbon neutrality. A commercially relevant CO2 electroreduction process should be highly selective and productive toward desired products, energetically efficient for power conversion, and stable for long‐term operation. To achieve these goals, designing gas‐diffusion catalytic electrodes and prototyping reactors built upon in‐depth understandings of the reaction mechanisms are of paramount importance. In this review, the fundamentals of gas‐diffusion electrodes are briefly presented. Then, the most recent advances in developing high‐performance CO2 reduction using gas‐diffusion electrodes are overviewed. Reactor engineering aiming at enhancing productivity, energy efficiency, CO2 single‐pass utilization, and operating lifetime is further discussed. Challenges in developing CO2 electroreduction systems are included. The prospects for advancing CO2 electroreduction toward practical applications are also narrated.image
Comparative evaluation of liquid–liquid equilibria for extraction of 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoro‐1‐propanol from water by a ZIF‐8‐porous ionic liquid
Authors: Fan Wenyang , He Shanshan , Wang Zenghui , Zhao Pingping , Gao Jun , Xu Dongmei , Wang Yinglong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUND2,2,3,3‐Tetrafluoro‐1‐propanol (TFP) is a benign solvent and widely used in the electronics industry as a cleaning agent. Because water and TFP can form an azeotropic mixture, it consumes energy to separate TFP from its aqueous mixtures using conventional distillation.RESULTSIn this work, the zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 porous ionic liquid (ZIF‐8‐PIL) and the ionic liquid (IL) N‐butyl pyridinium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) imide ([Bpy][NTf2]) are used as extractants to extract TFP from its aqueous solution. ZIF‐8‐PIL was synthesized by ZIF‐8 and IL [Bpy][NTf2]. The liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the two systems (water + TFP + ZIF‐8‐PIL/IL) were determined at 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15 K under 101.3 kPa. The selectivity (S) and distribution coefficient (D) were examined to assess the extractive performance of ZIF‐8‐PIL and IL. The non‐random two‐liquid (NRTL) model was applied to fit the tie‐line data of the investigated mixtures.CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrate that ZIF‐8‐PIL is a suitable extractant to separate TFP with values of S and D greater than unity. The NRTL model has better correlation performance for the ternary systems with root mean square deviation lower than 0.01. The obtained parameters satisfy the minimum state of the mixed Gibbs free energy, which indicated that the model parameters are reliable. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
A note on Goldberg's conjecture on total chromatic numbers
Authors: Cao Yan , Chen Guantao , Jing Guangming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLet be a multigraph with maximum degree , chromatic index , and total chromatic number . The total coloring conjecture proposed by Behzad and Vizing, independently, states that for a multigraph , where is the multiplicity of . Moreover, Goldberg conjectured that if and noticed the conjecture holds when is an edge‐chromatic critical graph. By assuming the Goldberg–Seymour conjecture, we show that if in this note. Consequently, if and has a spanning edge‐chromatic critical subgraph.