bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slide Tracheoplasty for Repair of Complex Tracheoesophageal Fistulas
Authors: Kennedy Aimee A. , Hart Catherine K. , de Alarcon Alessandro , Putnam Philip E. , von Allmen Daniel , Lehenbauer David , Bryant Roosevelt , Torres‐Silva Cherie , Rutter Michael J. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisRepair of large, recurrent, and complex tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEFs) is challenging and numerous different surgical approaches exist. These various techniques each carry a set of risks and possible complications such as fistula recurrence, tracheal stenosis or pouches, esophageal stenosis, and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Slide tracheoplasty is a reconstructive technique successfully used in many different airway pathologies, including TEF repair. This study examines the success, limits, and complications related to slide tracheoplasty for repair of complex TEFs.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsPatients undergoing TEF repair using a cervical or thoracic approach slide tracheoplasty, at a single institution, between July 2008 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, comorbidities, TEF etiology and surgical history, slide tracheoplasty details and outcomes, and postoperative complication data were examined using descriptive statistics.ResultsTwenty‐six patients underwent 27 slide tracheoplasties for TEF (20 cervical approaches, 7 thoracic approaches) with a mean age of 5.2 years (IQR 0.7–7.6) at time of surgery. The most common TEF etiologies included congenital (n = 13), tracheostomy tube erosion (n = 5), and button battery ingestion (n = 4). Fistulas ranged in size from <0.5 mm to 4 cm and 59% had previous endoscopic or open repairs. There were two TEF recurrences (7.4%), one of which was successfully revised and the other which was treated with stent placement. Postoperative complications included dehiscence (3.7%), unilateral vocal fold paralysis (3.7%), and mild tracheal stenosis (18.5%).ConclusionsSlide tracheoplasty is an effective surgical technique for treating complex congenital and acquired TEFs with lower rates of complications when compared to other techniques.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:1542–1547, 2022
The Impact of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux on Occurrence and Clinical Course of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Authors: Gluvajić Daša , Šereg‐Bahar Maja , Jerin Aleš , Janša Rado , Hočevar‐Boltežar Irena 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisLaryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) has been proposed both as a trigger for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) onset and as a factor favoring an aggressive clinical course.Study DesignIn this prospective study, 106 participants were recruited within a period of 24 months at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana.MethodsThis study compared a group of RRP patients (N = 36) with a group of LPR patients (N = 28) and a group of healthy participants (N = 42) based on Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), Reflux Finding Scores (RFS), and saliva analyses (pH, pepsin concentration, bile acid concentration, and pepsin enzymatic activity).ResultsThe RRP group compared to the LPR group showed a statistically significant difference only in RSI and RFS scores, while the RRP group compared to healthy controls showed significantly higher values in all tested parameters (RSI score, RFS, saliva pH, pepsin concentration, bile acids concentration, pepsin enzymatic activity).ConclusionsLPR is common in RRP patients and significantly more prevalent compared to healthy controls. Our results show that saliva analyses are a better office‐based tool than RSI questionnaires and RFS scores for diagnosing LPR in RRP patients.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:619–625, 2022
Method for fast lipid reconstruction and removal processing in1H MRSI of the brain
Authors: Adany Peter , Choi In‐Young , Lee Phil 
Published: August 2021

PurposeTo develop a new rapid spatial filtering method for lipid removal, fast lipid reconstruction and removal processing (FLIP), which selectively isolates and removes interfering lipid signals from outside the brain in a full‐FOV 2D MRSI and whole‐brain 3D echo planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI).Theory and MethodsFLIP uses regularized least‐squares regression based on spatial prior information from MRI to selectively remove lipid signals originating from the scalp and measure the brain metabolite signals with minimum cross contamination. FLIP is a noniterative approach, thus allowing a rapid processing speed, and uses only spatial information without any spectral priors. The performance of FLIP was compared with the Papoulis‐Gerchberg algorithm (PGA), Hankel singular value decomposition (HSVD), and fast image reconstruction with L2 regularization (L2).ResultsFLIP in both 2D and 3D MRSI resulted in consistent metabolite quantification in a greater number of voxels with less concentration variation than other algorithms, demonstrating effective and robust lipid‐removal performance. The percentage of voxels that met quality criteria with FLIP, PGA, HSVD, and L2 processing were 90%, 57%, 29%, and 42% in 2D MRSI, and 80%, 75%, 76%, and 74% in 3D EPSI, respectively. The quantification results of full‐FOV MRSI using FLIP were comparable to those of volume‐localized MRSI, while allowing significantly increased spatial coverage. FLIP performed the fastest in 2D MRSI.ConclusionFLIP is a new lipid‐removal algorithm that promises fast and effective lipid removal with improved volume coverage in MRSI.
Modified Crohn's disease exclusion diet is equally effective as exclusive enteral nutrition: Real‐world data
Authors: Niseteo Tena , Sila Sara , Trivić Ivana , Mišak Zrinjka , Kolaček Sanja , Hojsak Iva 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundData on the efficacy of the newly established dietetic treatment of Crohn's disease (CD), the CD exclusion diet (CDED), are scarce. The aim of this study was to provide real‐world data on the efficacy of CDED in comparison with exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) for remission induction.MethodsA retrospective analysis of children diagnosed with CD who were treated with CDED + partial EN (PEN) or with EEN was performed. Eighty percent of the children assigned to CDED + PEN underwent 1–2 weeks of EEN prior to CDED + PEN. For all children, data from the medical charts were extracted before the introduction of diet therapy and at the end of EEN or CDED + PEN phase 1.ResultsA total of 61 patients (49.2% females; median age, 14.4 years [minimum: 6.7, maximum: 17.9]) were included in the study; 42 children (68.9%) achieved remission, 27 of 41 (65.9%) received EEN and 15 of 20 (75.0%) received CDED + PEN. There was no significant difference in the failure of nutrition therapy between the two groups (P = .469). Patients receiving CDED + PEN had significantly higher weight gain (P = .002) and increases in body mass index z‐score (P = .001) compared with patients who received EEN alone.ConclusionTreatment with CDED + PEN (with prior 1–2 weeks of EEN) has comparable efficacy to EEN therapy alone in inducing remission in children with CD, and it leads to better weight gain. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
A single bout of exercise improves vascular insulin sensitivity in adults with obesity
Authors: Heiston Emily M. , Liu Zhenqi , Ballantyne Anna , Kranz Sibylle , Malin Steven K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis crossover study explored the impact of a single bout of exercise on insulin‐stimulated responses in conduit arteries and capillaries.MethodsTwelve sedentary adults (49.5 [7.8] years; maximal oxygen consumption [VO2max]: 23.7 [5.4] mL/kg/min) with obesity (BMI 34.5 [4.3] kg/m2) completed a control and exercise bout (70% VO2max to expend 400 kcal). Sixteen hours later, participants underwent a 2‐hour euglycemic‐hyperinsulinemic clamp (90 mg/dL; 40 mU/m2/min) to determine vascular and metabolic insulin sensitivity. Endothelial and capillary functions were assessed by brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound, respectively. Metabolized glucose infusion rate, substrate oxidation (indirect calorimetry), nonoxidative glucose disposal (NOGD), and inflammation were also determined.ResultsExercise increased insulin‐stimulated preocclusion diameter (p = 0.01) and microvascular blood flow (condition effect: p = 0.04) compared with control. Furthermore, exercise improved metabolic insulin sensitivity by 21%, which paralleled rises in NOGD (p = 0.05) and decreases in soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products (condition effect: p = 0.01). Interestingly, changes in NOGD were related to increased insulin‐stimulated microvascular blood flow (r = 0.57, p = 0.05).ConclusionsA single bout of exercise increases vascular insulin sensitivity in adults with obesity. Additional work is needed to determine vascular responses following different doses of exercise in order to design lifestyle prescriptions for reducing chronic disease risk.
Effect of hybridization on properties of natural and synthetic fiber‐reinforced polymer composites (2001–2020): A review
Authors: Gupta M. K. , Ramesh Manickam , Thomas Sabu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the past two decades (2001–2020), researchers have been attracted toward hybrid composite materials reinforced with synthetic and natural fibers. Bio‐degradability and harmlessness to the environment are the major attributes of natural fibers, such qualities support these fibers to reinforce into composites. At the same time, higher moisture absorption and poor compatibility characteristics of natural fibers have forced to hybridize with other synthetic/natural fibers. Several researchers have already done the hybridization of natural fibers with synthetic/natural fibers to overcome the limitations of natural fibers. Due to this reason, we perform a literature review on the influence of hybridization on the properties of composites reinforced with synthetic and natural fibers. This review is made on resulting properties of hybrid composites such as mechanical, thermal, water absorption, tribological behavior, morphological characteristics, and other properties from the year 2001 to 2020.
Kawasaki disease associated pulmonary involvement in infants
Authors: He Tingyan , Yang Zhi , Wang Xiaoyu , Yang Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesKawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self‐limited multisystemic vasculitis of unknown cause. Pulmonary involvement has been reported in case reports and limited small case series, which is not commonly recognized, especially in younger patients <1 year. Here, we describe clinical and radiological features of infants with KD‐associated pulmonary involvement (KD‐PI).MethodsInfants with KD were retrospectively enrolled during the period January 2017 to December 2020 in Shenzhen Children's hospital. Patients with KD‐PI were matched 1:1 based on current age and sex with KD patients without clinically apparent PI. Clinical data were collected from inpatient or outpatient medical records, including clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, radiological findings, management, and prognosis.ResultsOf 248 infant patients with KD, 34 presented with KD‐PI. Of these, 22 had only subtle respiratory symptoms. Compared to KD controls, patients with KD‐PI had significantly higher mean Kobayashi score (mean ± SD: 2.85 ± 1.94; p = .004), more had extremely high C‐reactive protein (≥10 mg/dl: 11/34, 32.3%; p = .0115) and procalcitonin levels (˃1 ng/ml: 16/34, 47%; p = .039), and more were administered with adjuvant corticosteroids as initial therapy (38.2% vs. 2.9%; p = .0005). Abnormal chest radiological findings included peripheral consolidation (97.0%), localized pleural thickening (73.0%), lobular septal thickening (70.6%), ground‐glass opacities (55.9%), linear opacities (35.3%), and pleural effusion (20.6%). No statistical difference was observed in the incidence of coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) between two groups either in the acute phase or follow‐up phase.ConclusionsHigher use of adjuvant corticosteroids during initial therapy in our population may result in no difference in CAAs between the two groups despite higher levels of inflammation in KD‐PI. Those results suggest that use of adjuvant corticosteroids may be beneficial in this population.
Synergistic Activation for Synthesis of Sulfur and Oxygen Co–Doped Porous Carbons and Their Application for Dye Adsorption and Supercapacitor
Authors: Li Xiaocong , Cui Junyan , Yuan Huiyu , Zhang Shaowei , Jia Quanli 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnvironmentally friendly activation strategies for synthesis of heteroatom‐doped porous carbons are extremely welcome. Here, K2SO4 and NaCl‐KCl were introduced simultaneously to prepare sulfur/oxygen co‐doped porous carbons (SPC). By adopting phenolic resin (PF) as the carbon source, the optimal SPC sample with a large surface area of 1838 m2 g−1 and pore volume of 1.18 cm3 g−1 was successfully prepared. Structure characterizations demonstrated that K2SO4 mainly accounted for the pore formation while NaCl‐KCl had a confinement effect on the carbon loss. Finally, as a multifunctional adsorbent, the maximum capacity for SPC‐1‐2‐5 towards Rhodamine B (RhB) reached 2532.3 mg g−1, showing a great potential in cleaning water. As an active electrode material for supercapacitor, the specific capacitance for SPC‐1‐2‐5 reached 296.7 F g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1. And the specific capacitance retained 92.8 % after 10000 cycles at 5 A g−1, also demonstrating its excellent cycle stability in electrochemistry. This methodology of simultaneous activation and confinement could be extended to obtain new carbon materials for various applications.
The Y‐TiO2/5A/NiFe2O4 Composite for the High‐efficiency Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Norfloxacin under Visible Light
Authors: Xu Jing , Ren Zhihao , Qiu Xiaoyuan , Zhu Pengfei , Chen Dandan , Xie Lisi , Zhang Chaoli 
Published: August 2021

AbstractY‐TiO2/5A/NiFe2O4 composite was prepared by hydrothermal and sol‐gel method. The structure, morphology and optical properties of the composite were investigated by XRD, FT‐IR, XPS, SEM, UV‐vis DRS and so on. Compared with 5A, TiO2, TiO2/5A and Y‐TiO2/5A, the photocatalytic properties of Y‐TiO2/5A/NiFe2O4 was enhanced and the removal rate of norfloxacin can reach the highest 96.55 % under visible light for 60 min. Moreover, the photocatalyst still has good photocatalytic performance after three cycles of use. This improvement is mainly attributed to two factors. On the one hand, the doping of Y brings impurity level to TiO2, which broadens the spectral response range of the photocatalyst to the visible region. On the other hand, NiFe2O4 forms Z‐scheme heterojunction with TiO2, which enables the photogenerated carriers to be separated effectively through the interface of heterojunction, thus improving the performance of the photocatalyst. Moreover, the photocatalyst still has a good removal rate for several other antibiotics. Finally, a possible electron transfer mechanism is proposed based on characterization and active species capture experiments.
Nanoscale Pd Supported on Layered Co(OH)2 as Efficient Catalysts for Solvent‐Free Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol
Authors: Lv Lin , Wang Yongzhao , Peng Dengchao , Zhou Zhiyuan , Shang Jing , Guo Wenyao , Zhang Bingsen , Xin Zhiling 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, two‐dimensional (2D) Co(OH)2 nanosheets, with large surface areas and wrinkles are obtained, and used to support Pd nanoparticles (NPs) by simple impregnation method as an efficient catalyst for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol under solvent‐free conditions. The resulting 1 wt.% Pd/Co(OH)2 catalyst exhibits a high turnover frequency value of 57999 h−1. The catalysts were characterized by SEM, TEM, AFM, XRD, BET, XPS and CO‐pulse chemisorption. The results of characterizations reveal that the Pd NPs are highly dispersed on the Co(OH)2 nanosheets. The abundant hydroxyl groups on the surface of Co(OH)2 nanosheets promote the reduction of Pd species, resulting in a higher proportion of Pd0 than that of Pd/AC catalyst, which further facilitates the catalytic performances.
Palladium‐Catalysed Oxidative Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling of Heteroarenes with CF3‐Acrylic Acids
Authors: Xiao Pan , Pannecoucke Xavier , Bouillon Jean‐Philippe , Couve‐Bonnaire Samuel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhereas decarboxylative cross‐coupling is becoming an important tool in organic synthesis, the metal‐catalysed decarboxylative/direct C−H alkenylation using acrylic acid derivatives has been scarcely studied in the literature. Herein, we reported the first decarboxylative/direct C−H trifluoromethylalkenylation of heteroarenes using various 3‐aryl‐2‐trifluoromethylacrylic acids as coupling partners. Due to the electronic and steric features of the trifluoromethyl moiety, the protodecarboxylated compound is produced in large quantity during the reaction compared to the desired product. Nevertheless, we succeeded, albeit in low to fair yields, in obtaining the functionalized heterocycles bearing the trifluoromethyl alkene moiety.
Teaching (Bi)Multilingual Learners: Connecting Languages
Authors: Escamilla Kathy , Hopewell Susan , Slavick Jody 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe begin this article with a brief look at opportunities to learn for the nation's growing numbers of Emerging Bilingual children. We briefly present the research literature that supports the use of children's languages other in English (LOTEs) in literacy instruction whether the children are participating in bilingual/dual language programs or English medium (English only) programs. We suggest that cross‐language connections can occur in any type of educational program. Next, we present three different instructional examples of potential instructional activities designed to explicitly encourage cross‐language connections in bilingual/dual language and/or English medium/English only contexts. These examples include early, middle and upper elementary. Finally, we provide resources and ideas for teachers to go beyond our suggestions to create their own cross‐language learning opportunities for their students.
The alcohol marketing policy environment and adolescent drinking in Sri Lanka: A qualitative exploration of stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Athauda Lathika , Peiris‐John Roshini , McCool Judith , Wickremasinghe Rajitha , Ameratunga Shanthi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdolescents continue to be exposed to alcohol marketing, despite the existence of alcohol control policies in Sri Lanka. National‐level policies restrict all forms of alcohol advertising, promotions, and sponsorship and sale to minors. The act calls for the need to protect children and adolescents from exposure to the harm of alcohol. This article investigates stakeholders' perceptions of the alcohol marketing policy environment in Sri Lanka, with a specific focus on policies designed to prevent or curtail adolescent drinking. Between May and July 2019, in‐depth interviews were conducted with policy stakeholders in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Thematic analysis was conducted on the audio‐recorded interviews that were transcribed and translated and imported to NVivo12. Fifteen policy stakeholders from government and nongovernment organizations participated in this study. The overarching theme identified a lukewarm alcohol marketing policy environment. This situation was facilitated by the alcohol industry acting as the vector, an amber light approach towards public health programs, and other factors contributing to the perceived ineffectiveness of the alcohol marketing policy environment. A unified public health approach supported by policy and political commitment may pave the way for better alcohol control in Sri Lanka.
Numerical Concepts in Context
Authors: Gega Paola , Liu Mingya , Bechberger Lucas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNumerical concepts are an integral part of everyday conversation and communication. Expressions relating to numbers in natural language can have precise or imprecise interpretations. While the precise interpretation most prominently appears in mathematical contexts, the imprecise interpretation seems to arise when numbers (as quantities) are applied to real world contexts (e.g., the rope is 50 m long). Earlier literature shows that the (im)precise interpretation can depend on different factors, e.g., the kind of approximator a numeral appears with (precise vs. imprecise, e.g., exactly vs. roughly) or the kind of numeral itself (round vs. non-round, e.g., 50 vs. 47). We report on a corpus-linguistic study and a rating experiment of English numerical expressions. The results confirm the effects of both factors and additionally an effect of the kind of unit (discrete vs. continuous, e.g., people vs. meters). This shows the contextual variability in the interpretation of numerical concepts in natural language.
On $$\alpha $$-Firmly Nonexpansive Operators in r-Uniformly Convex Spaces
Authors: Bërdëllima Arian , Steidl Gabriele 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe introduce the class of $$\alpha $$
α
-firmly nonexpansive and quasi $$\alpha $$
α
-firmly nonexpansive operators on r-uniformly convex Banach spaces. This extends the existing notion from Hilbert spaces, where $$\alpha $$
α
-firmly nonexpansive operators coincide with so-called $$\alpha $$
α
-averaged operators. For our more general setting, we show that $$\alpha $$
α
-averaged operators form a subset of $$\alpha $$
α
-firmly nonexpansive operators. We develop some basic calculus rules for (quasi) $$\alpha $$
α
-firmly nonexpansive operators. In particular, we show that their compositions and convex combinations are again (quasi) $$\alpha $$
α
-firmly nonexpansive. Moreover, we will see that quasi $$\alpha $$
α
-firmly nonexpansive operators enjoy the asymptotic regularity property. Then, based on Browder’s demiclosedness principle, we prove for r-uniformly convex Banach spaces that the weak cluster points of the iterates $$x_{n+1}:=Tx_{n}$$

x

n
+
1

:
=
T

x
n

belong to the fixed point set $${{\,\mathrm{Fix}\,}}T$$

Fix

T

whenever the operator T is nonexpansive and quasi $$\alpha $$
α
-firmly. If additionally the space has a Fréchet differentiable norm or satisfies Opial’s property, then these iterates converge weakly to some element in $${{\,\mathrm{Fix}\,}}T$$

Fix

T

. Further, the projections $$P_{{{\,\mathrm{Fix}\,}}T}x_n$$

P

Fix

T

x
n

converge strongly to this weak limit point. Finally, we give three illustrative examples, where our theory can be applied, namely from infinite dimensional neural networks, semigroup theory, and contractive projections in $$L_p$$

L
p

, $$p \in (1,\infty ) \backslash \{2\}$$

p
∈
(
1
,
∞
)
\
{
2
}

spaces on probability measure spaces.
Quasi-nilpotency of Generalized Volterra Operators on Sequence Spaces
Authors: Chalmoukis N. , Stylogiannis G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe study the quasi-nilpotency of generalized Volterra operators on spaces of power series with Taylor coefficients in weighted$$\ell ^p$$ℓpspaces$$1<p<+\infty $$1<p<+∞. Our main result is that when an analytic symbolgis a multiplier for a weighted$$\ell ^p$$ℓpspace, then the corresponding generalized Volterra operator$$T_g$$Tgis bounded on the same space and quasi-nilpotent, i.e. its spectrum is$$\{0\}.$${0}.This improves a previous result of A. Limani and B. Malman in the case of sequence spaces. Also combined with known results about multipliers of$$\ell ^p$$ℓpspaces we give non trivial examples of bounded quasi-nilpotent generalized Volterra operators on$$\ell ^p$$ℓp. We approach the problem by introducing what we call Schur multipliers for lower triangular matrices and we construct a family of Schur multipliers for lower triangular matrices on$$\ell ^p, 1<p<\infty $$ℓp,1<p<∞related to summability kernels. To demonstrate the power of our results we also find a new class of Schur multipliers for Hankel operators on$$\ell ^2 $$ℓ2, extending a result of E. Ricard.