bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reparametrization modes in 2d CFT and the effective theory of stress tensor exchanges
Authors: Nguyen Kevin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study the origin of the recently proposed effective theory of stress tensor exchanges based on reparametrization modes, that has been used to efficiently compute Virasoro identity blocks at large central charge. We first provide a derivation of the nonlinear Alekseev-Shatashvili action governing these reparametrization modes, and argue that it should be interpreted as the generating functional of stress tensor correlations on manifolds related to the plane by conformal transformations. In addition, we demonstrate that the rules previously prescribed with the reparametrization formalism for computing Virasoro identity blocks naturally emerge when evaluating Feynman diagrams associated with stress tensor exchanges between pairs of external primary operators. We make a few comments on the connection of these results to gravitational theories and holography.
Cardiac regenerative capacity: an evolutionary afterthought?
Authors: Nguyen Phong D. , de Bakker Dennis E. M. , Bakkers Jeroen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCardiac regeneration is the outcome of the highly regulated interplay of multiple processes, including the inflammatory response, cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation, neovascularization and extracellular matrix turnover. Species-specific traits affect these injury-induced processes, resulting in a wide variety of cardiac regenerative potential between species. Indeed, while mammals are generally considered poor regenerators, certain amphibian and fish species like the zebrafish display robust regenerative capacity post heart injury. The species-specific traits underlying these differential injury responses are poorly understood. In this review, we will compare the injury induced processes of the mammalian and zebrafish heart, describing where these processes overlap and diverge. Additionally, by examining multiple species across the animal kingdom, we will highlight particular traits that either positively or negatively affect heart regeneration. Last, we will discuss the possibility of overcoming regeneration-limiting traits to induce heart regeneration in mammals.
Linear Dynamics of the Semi-geostrophic Equations in Eulerian Coordinates on $${\mathbb {R}}^{3}$$
Authors: Lisai Stefania , Wilkinson Mark 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe consider a class of steady solutions of the semi-geostrophic equations on $${\mathbb {R}}^3$$

R

3

and derive the linearised dynamics around those solutions. The linear PDE which governs perturbations around those steady states is a transport equation featuring a pseudo-differential operator of order 0. We study well-posedness of this equation in $$L^2({\mathbb {R}}^3,{\mathbb {R}}^3)$$

L
2

(

R

3

,

R

3

)

introducing a representation formula for the solutions, and extend the result to the space of tempered distributions on $${\mathbb {R}}^{3}$$

R

3

. We investigate stability of the steady solutions of the semi-geostrophic equations by looking at plane wave solutions of the associated linearised problem, and discuss differences in the case of the quasi-geostrophic equations.
Orbits of Free Cyclic Submodules Over Rings of Lower Triangular Matrices
Authors: Bartnicka Edyta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGiven a ring $$T_n\ (n\geqslant 2)$$

T
n

(
n
⩾
2
)

of lower triangular $$n\times n$$

n
×
n

matrices with entries from an arbitrary field F, we completely classify the orbits of free cyclic submodules of $$^2T_n$$

2

T
n

under the action of the general linear group $$GL_2(T_n)$$

G

L
2

(

T
n

)

. Interestingly, the total number of such orbits is found to be equal to the Bell number $$B_n$$

B
n

. A representative of each orbit is also given.
An exploration of how creativity, functionality, and aesthetics are related in design
Authors: Han Ji , Forbes Hannah , Schaefer Dirk 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCreativity is considered to have a significant impact on the design process and its outcomes, while aesthetics and functionality are considered key characteristics of products. A relationship between creativity, aesthetics and functionality is, therefore, often assumed, however, researchers view the relations between creativity, functionality and aesthetics differently. In this paper, the authors present first evidence that novelty, usefulness and surprise are the core elements of design creativity. The aim of this research is the exploration of the relations between functionality, aesthetics, novelty, usefulness, surprise, and overall creativity, by means of an experimental case study involving design experts evaluating forty-five design samples. Statistical analysis has been conducted to investigate and understand these relations. The results obtained indicate that aesthetics has a significant positive relationship with creativity but that functionality does not have a statistically significant relationship with creativity in general. Further analysis confirms that design creativity is strongly and positively related to novelty and surprise, but not significantly related to usefulness. In addition, high correlation coefficient values have revealed that creativity, novelty and surprise are perceived as the same dimension as are functionality and usefulness. This paper may be of interest to researchers, practitioners, and educators in the broader realm of design, including industrial design, creativity in design, engineering design, design innovation, product design and new product development. It provides new insights into how creativity is perceived within the field and offers a new point of view on creativity and its dimensions for the community to meditate and to debate.
Restart Strategies in a Continuous Setting
Authors: Lorenz Jan-Hendrik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRestarting is a technique frequently employed in randomized algorithms. After some number of computation steps, the state of the algorithm is reinitialized with a new, independent random seed. Luby et al. (Inf. Process. Lett. 47(4), 173–180, 1993) introduced a universal restart strategy. They showed that their strategy is an optimal universal strategy in the worst case. However, the optimality result has only been shown for discrete processes. In this work, it is shown that their result does not translate into a continuous setting. Furthermore, we show that there are no (asymptotically) optimal strategies in a continuous setting. Nevertheless, we obtain an optimal universal strategy on a restricted class of continuous probability distributions. Furthermore, as a side result, we show that the expected value under restarts for the lognormal distribution tends towards 0. Finally, the results are illustrated using simulations.
Aspergillus niger uses the peroxisomal CoA-dependent β-oxidative genes to degrade the hydroxycinnamic acids caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid
Authors: Lubbers R. J. M. , Dilokpimol A. , Visser J. , de Vries R. P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aromatic compounds are important molecules which are widely applied in many industries and are mainly produced from nonrenewable sources. Renewable sources such as plant biomass are interesting alternatives for the production of aromatic compounds. Ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid, a precursor for vanillin and p-vinyl phenol, respectively, can be released from plant biomass by the fungus Aspergillus niger. The degradation of hydroxycinnamic acids such as caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid has been observed in many fungi. In A. niger, multiple metabolic pathways were suggested for the degradation of hydroxycinnamic acids. However, no genes were identified for these hydroxycinnamic acid metabolic pathways. In this study, several pathway genes were identified using whole-genome transcriptomic data of A. niger grown on different hydroxycinnamic acids. The genes are involved in the CoA-dependent β-oxidative pathway in fungi. This pathway is well known for the degradation of fatty acids, but not for hydroxycinnamic acids. However, in plants, it has been shown that hydroxycinnamic acids are degraded through this pathway. We identified genes encoding hydroxycinnamate-CoA synthase (hcsA), multifunctional β-oxidation hydratase/dehydrogenase (foxA), 3-ketoacyl CoA thiolase (katA), and four thioesterases (theA-D) of A. niger, which were highly induced by all three tested hydroxycinnamic acids. Deletion mutants revealed that these genes were indeed involved in the degradation of several hydroxycinnamic acids. In addition, foxA and theB are also involved in the degradation of fatty acids. HcsA, FoxA, and KatA contained a peroxisomal targeting signal and are therefore predicted to be localized in peroxisomes.

Key points
• Metabolism of hydroxycinnamic acid was investigated in Aspergillus niger
• Using transcriptome data, multiple CoA-dependent β-oxidative genes were identified.
• Both foxA and theB are involved in hydroxycinnamate but also fatty acid metabolism.
Potential role of IFN-α in COVID-19 patients and its underlying treatment options
Authors: Yang Lei , Wang Jianhui , Hui Pei , Yarovinsky Timur O. , Badeti Saiaditya , Pham Kien , Liu Chen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly worldwide. Given that this contagious viral outbreak is still unfolding, it is urgent to understand the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and explore effective treatments to protect patients from developing a severe illness related to COVID-19. Recently, IFN-α has been considered a potential therapeutic strategy to treat COVID-19 disease, mainly because the innate immune system rapidly produces IFN-α as the first line of defense to combat viral infections. However, IFN-α can also play a role in immunoregulatory effects, causing pathogenic damage and uncontrolled inflammatory responses. There are 13 human IFN-α subtypes that bind to the same receptor and induce different interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, regulating various antiviral and immunoregulatory effects. The varying degrees of inflammatory regulations may raise concerns about the possible side effects to enlarge the inflammatory responses, exacerbating the severity of infection. Thus, the analysis of various IFN-α subtype induction during SARS-CoV-2 infection is necessary in exploring the mechanism of COVID-19 pathogenesis. This review summarizes the current understanding of IFN-α in the pathogenesis of respiratory virus diseases and IFN-α based clinical intervention used in SARS-CoV-2 infection and other respiratory virus diseases. Besides, new ideas in selecting suitable IFN-α subtypes or combinations as drug candidates for viral infection treatment will also be discussed.Key Points• IFN-α plays an important role in anti-viral and immunoregulatory effects in COVID-19 patients caused by SARS-CoV-2.• The uncontrolled inflammation and disease severity correlated to the diversity of IFN-α subtype induction.• Selecting suitable IFN-α subtypes or combinations as drug candidates will be beneficial for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.Graphical abstract
Analysis of end-of-life treatment and physician perceptions at a university hospital in Germany
Authors: Heerde Nicole , Hofmann Wolf-Karsten , Hofheinz Ralf-Dieter , Büttner Sylvia , Gencer Deniz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Providing state-of-the-art palliative care is crucial in all areas of in- and outpatient settings. Studies on the implementation of palliative care standards for dying patients are rare.

Methods
N = 141 physicians from all internal departments were polled anonymously about the treatment of dying patients using a self-designed questionnaire. Furthermore, we evaluated the terminal care of n = 278 patients who died in internal medicine departments at University Hospital Mannheim between January and June, 2019 based on clinical data of the last 48 h of life. We defined mandatory criteria for good palliative practice both regarding treatment according to patients' records and answers in physicians' survey.

Results
Fifty-six physicians (40%) reported uncertainties in the treatment of dying patients (p < 0.05). Physicians caring for dying patients regularly stated to use sedatives more frequently and to administer less infusions (p < 0.05, respectively). In multivariate analysis, medical specialization was identified as an independent factor for good palliative practice (p < 0.05). Physicians working with cancer patients regularly were seven times more likely to use good palliative practice (p < 0.05) than physicians who did not. Cancer patients received good palliative practice more often than patients dying from non-malignant diseases (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Guideline-based palliative care for dying patients was found to be implemented more likely and consistent within the oncology department. These results point to a potential lack of training of fellows in non-oncological departments in terms of good end-of-life care.
Das Fehlen des Körpers in der psychotherapeutischen Ausbildung: Qualitative Analyse von Gruppendiskussionen mit Studierenden
Authors: Wimmer Eva , Schiller Birgitta , Reisinger Manfred , Wagner Isabella , Fiegl Jutta , Mörtl Kathrin 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts zum Thema „Der Körper in der Psychotherapie“ an der Ambulanz der SFU Wien wurden mit Studierenden Gruppendiskussionen geführt. Die hier vorgestellten Ergebnisse der qualitativen Analysen zeigen, dass in Bezug auf den Körper in der psychotherapeutischen Ausbildung eine Lücke wahrgenommen wird. Diese Lücke zeigt sich in drei Phasen der Wissensaneignung (Streben nach Sicherheit, Fluidität des Wissens und Umgehen mit der Unsicherheit). Unterschiedliche Formen von Lernen (Fachwissen, Selbsterfahrung, Austausch mit Kolleg*innen) ermöglichen den Umgang damit und die kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklung von Wissen zu Körperthemen während der Ausbildung. Dialog und Austausch mit anderen Professionen mit körperlichem Schwerpunkt bleiben weitgehend ein Wunsch der Teilnehmenden. Wir adressieren die Wissensaneignung und die hier von den Studierenden wahrgenommenen Lücken und formulieren Thesen, welche Implikationen diese Lücken besitzen.
Managing bias and unfairness in data for decision support: a survey of machine learning and data engineering approaches to identify and mitigate bias and unfairness within data management and analytics systems
Authors: Balayn Agathe , Lofi Christoph , Houben Geert-Jan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe increasing use of data-driven decision support systems in industry and governments is accompanied by the discovery of a plethora of bias and unfairness issues in the outputs of these systems. Multiple computer science communities, and especially machine learning, have started to tackle this problem, often developing algorithmic solutions to mitigate biases to obtain fairer outputs. However, one of the core underlying causes for unfairness is bias in training data which is not fully covered by such approaches. Especially, bias in data is not yet a central topic in data engineering and management research. We survey research on bias and unfairness in several computer science domains, distinguishing between data management publications and other domains. This covers the creation of fairness metrics, fairness identification, and mitigation methods, software engineering approaches and biases in crowdsourcing activities. We identify relevant research gaps and show which data management activities could be repurposed to handle biases and which ones might reinforce such biases. In the second part, we argue for a novel data-centered approach overcoming the limitations of current algorithmic-centered methods. This approach focuses on eliciting and enforcing fairness requirements and constraints on data that systems are trained, validated, and used on. We argue for the need to extend database management systems to handle such constraints and mitigation methods. We discuss the associated future research directions regarding algorithms, formalization, modelling, users, and systems.
Dynamic structural health monitoring of a model wind turbine tower using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS)
Authors: Hubbard Peter G. , Xu James , Zhang Shenghan , Dejong Matthew , Luo Linqing , Soga Kenichi , Papa Carlo , Zulberti Christian , Malara Demetrio , Fugazzotto Fabio , Garcia Lopez Francisco , Minto Chris 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMaintenance of wind turbine towers is currently a manual process that requires visual inspection and bolt tightening yearly. This process is costly to energy companies and its necessity is not well-defined. In this study, two Rayleigh-based distributed fiber optic sensing technologies are evaluated and compared for their ability to monitor the dynamic structural behavior of a model wind turbine tower subject to free and forced vibration. They are further tested for their ability to detect structural phenomena associated with loose bolts and material damage within the tower. The two technologies examined are optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) and phase-based optical time domain reflectometry ($$\phi$$
ϕ
-OTDR), which is a technology used in distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). OFDR is a tested and proven strain measurement technology commonly used for structural health monitoring but can only make strain measurements over short distances (10 s of meters). OFDR was used to validate the measurements made with $$\phi$$
ϕ
-OTDR which can measure over much longer distances (several kilometers). Due to its sensing distance capability, $$\phi$$
ϕ
-OTDR is a promising technology for monitoring many wind turbines networked together with a single fiber optic cable. This study presents a first-of-its-kind use of $$\phi$$
ϕ
-OTDR for structural health monitoring to demonstrate its capabilities.
Neurological diseases and COVID-19: prospective analyses using the UK Biobank
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Smith Lee , Barbagallo Mario , Giannelli Gianluigi , Caruso Maria Gabriella , Cisternino Anna Maria , Notarnicola Maria , Cao Chao , Waldhoer Thomas , Yang Lin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 (Coronavirus disease-19) may present with neurological signs, but whether people already affected by neurological conditions are at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 is still not known. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the association of previously diagnosed neurological conditions with COVID-19. 502,536 community-dwelling UK Biobank participants (54.4% male, mean age 56.6 ± 10.3 years) were included. Among these, 57,463 participants had a diagnosis of neurological conditions (11.43%) and a total of 1326 COVID-19-positive cases were identified (0.26%). Neurological conditions were identified through medical history and linkage to data on hospital admissions (ICD-10 code G00–G99). COVID-19 presence was diagnosed using the data provided by Public Health England. The association of previous diagnosis of neurological conditions with COVID-19 was evaluated through logistic regressions, adjusted for potential confounders, reported as odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Nerve, nerve root and plexus disorders (G50–G59) were the most common conditions identified. The presence of COVID-19 was almost doubled in neurological conditions compared to the general population (0.45 vs. 0.24%, p < 0.0001). Previously diagnosed neurological conditions were associated with 60% higher odds of COVID-19 positive in the multivariable-adjusted model (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.4–1.8). Other degenerative diseases of the nervous system, extrapyramidal and movement disorders, polyneuropathies and other disorders of the peripheral nervous system, cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes were significantly associated with a higher odds of COVID-19. The presence of neurological conditions was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of COVID-19 compared to the general population.
O2O selection mode portrait and optimization for railway service enterprises based on K-means
Authors: Sun Changsuo , Ye Long , Zhang Na 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEstablishing a platform successfully is just the basis for railway service companies to meet the demands of online to offline (O2O) supply chain services. In this paper, the K-means algorithm is first used to construct the user segmentation model of railway service companies and the AISAS (Attention-Interest-Search-Action-Share) method is used to establish the evaluation O2O model. According to this result, we propose four modes to establish O2O supply chain service platform for railway enterprise, which are self-built and self-operated (SBSO, Mode1), commissioned construction and self-operated (CCSO, Mode2), self-built and commissioned operation (SBCO, Mode3), commissioned construction and commissioned operation (CCCO, Mode4). By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the four modes, the results illustrate the optimal model is impacted by the nature of the platform's operating products and the operating capabilities of the partners. The railway service enterprise needs to transform the traditional multi-level management model into the flat model to adapt the O2O supply chain strategies.
Exploring long-term effects of biochar on mitigating methane emissions from paddy soil: a review
Authors: Nan Qiong , Xin Liqing , Qin Yong , Waqas Muhammad , Wu Weixiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBiochar has been reported to mitigate short-term methane (CH4) emissions from paddy soil. Currently, CH4mitigation by biochar has primarily focused on the abundance and variations of methanogens and methanotrophs, and changes in their activities during methane production and consumption. However, long-term effects of biochar on methane mitigation from paddy soil remain controversial. This review overviewed the existing mechanisms for CH4mitigation as a result of biochar application. In addition, the two existing opinions on the long-term CH4mitigation effect upon biochar application were highlighted. Combining the already explored mechanisms of fresh biochar on CH4mitigation from paddy soil and a novel discovery, the potential mechanisms of biochar on long-term methane emission response were proposed. This review also revealed the uncertain responses of biochar on long-term CH4mitigation. Therefore, to achieve carbon neutral goal, it is important to further explore the mechanisms of long-term CH4mitigation under biochar application.