bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gray scale ultrasound feature typing of metastasis in the ovary, especially signet-ring cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Junying , Chang Cai , Zhang Haixian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background To describe the gray scale ultrasound features of metastatic ovarian tumors on the basis of the origin of the primary tumor in a large study population. This retrospective study included 112 patients with 188 histopathologically confirmed metastatic ovarian tumors. Among the patients, 102 were detected with 143 masses via ultrasonography. Patient age, mass bilaterality, maximum tumor diameter and ultrasound image character were recorded. Results Ultrasound images were classified into three subtypes: (type A) multilocular-solid, (type B) purely solid, and (type C) solid with several round or oval cysts. The metastatic tumors in the ovaries were mostly bilateral but had a lower rate of bilaterality when detected by ultrasound. Breast cancer metastasis had the highest misdetection rate (69.6%) because its focal metastasis could only be recognized by histology or immunohistochemistry. Stomach was the most common origin of metastasis: 45.7% and 51.0% via pathology and ultrasonography, respectively. Metastases that originated from colon mostly belonged to type A (65.9%) and closely mimicked primary epithelial ovarian tumor morphologically. Metastases that originated from stomach predominantly belonged to types B (31.9%) and C (58.3%). Signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) corresponded to types B and C only regardless of its origin. Conclusions The novel typing method developed herein provides more vivid images for classifying ovary metastasis compared with existing typing methods.
Interplay between fluid circulation and Alpine metamorphism in the Monte Rosa whiteschist from white mica and quartz in situ oxygen isotope analysis by SIMS
Authors: Luisier Cindy , Baumgartner Lukas P. , Bouvier Anne-Sophie , Putlitz Benita 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In situ oxygen isotope compositions of white mica and quartz have been used to characterize the interplay of metamorphism and fluid events between a metasomatic whiteschist and its granite protolith in the Monte Rosa nappe, Western Alps. New natural muscovite and phengite reference materials were calibrated for in situ Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) oxygen isotope measurement. White mica and quartz oxygen isotope compositions were measured in situ in one whiteschist and two metagranites. Based on microtextural observation, phengite composition of white mica, and phase petrology modeling, it is possible to identify two events of fluid infiltration and one event of fluid expulsion, all of which were responsible for forming this unique whiteschist occurrence and for tracing its metamorphic evolution from late Permian intrusion to Alpine subduction and finally to the present day, exhumed whiteschist.
Metagranite samples contain three generations of white mica: igneous, high-P metamorphic, and late Alpine, retrograde compositions. In the whiteschist samples, we distinguish two distinct Alpine white mica generations: (1) prograde to peak generation and (2) retrograde generation.
The δ18OVSMOW values of white mica and quartz from a whiteschist of 5.3 to 7.3‰ and 9.1 to 10.6‰ are significantly lower than in the metagranites, with 9.1 to 10.8‰ and 13.2 to 14.6‰, respectively. This indicates a complete recrystallization of the whiteschist protolith during intense fluid-rock interaction. Subsequent Alpine metamorphism transformed the protolith into the whiteschist. The isotopic composition of the whiteschist, fine-grained, retrograde white mica (5.3 to 6‰) is lower than that of the high-pressure phengite (6.2 and 7.5‰). The low δ18O values could be explained by infiltration of external fluids with δ18O values of 2 to 6‰. Such fluids would carry the isotopic signature of the serpentinites of the Piemonte-Liguria Ocean by either equilibration of fluids with or dehydration of serpentinites. Another, more simple explanation would be the infiltration of very small quantities of fluids leading to the breakdown of chloritoid. Local inheritance of the oxygen composition would then hide the origin of the fluids.
Isotope exchange temperatures calculated from high-P phengite-quartz pairs in whiteschist give an average temperature of 440 ± 50 °C. These are lower than the best T-estimates from phase petrology of 570 °C, at 2.2 GPa. Igneous muscovite-quartz pairs in the metagranite yield 400 ± 40 °C. Only one high-P phengite-quartz pair was analyzed, resulting in 350 ± 40 °C. Greenschist facies, low silica phengites give an average temperature of 310 ± 10 °C. Propagation of analytical uncertainty suggests large errors of 60 to 120 °C, due to the relatively small T-dependence of the quartz-white mica fractionation factor for oxygen isotopes.
The crystal structure of Fe2S at 90 GPa based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques
Authors: Zurkowski Claire C. , Lavina Barbara , Chariton Stella , Tkachev Sergey , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Campbell Andrew J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Fe-S system was explored in a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell at 89(2) GPa and 2380(120) K to better understand the phase stability of Fe2S. Upon temperature quenching, crystallites of Fe2S were identified, and their structure was investigated using single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. At these conditions, Fe2S adopts the C23 structure (anti-PbCl2, Co2P) with space group Pnma (Z = 4). This structure consists of columns of corner-sharing, FeS4 tetrahedra, and columns of edge-sharing FeS5 square pyramids linked along edges in the b direction. Sulfur is in ninefold coordination with Fe. This study marks the first high-pressure structural solution and refinement of Fe2S synthesized in a multigrain Fe+FeS sample at 90 GPa and 2400 K and establishes the stability of C23 Fe2S at these conditions. A previous powder diffraction study reports an orthorhombic Fe2S phase with a C37, Co2Si-like unit cell above 190 GPa. A C23–C37 structural transition is inferred to explain the previously observed unit-cell parameters at higher pressures and temperatures. These results highlight the utility of applying single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques to high P-T multigrain samples to explore the structural properties of iron-rich phases in Earth and planetary cores.
Cardioprotective effects of alendronate bisphosphonate in patients with ischemic heart disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis
Authors: Shilov S. N. , Berezikova E. N. , Popova A. A. , Samsonova E. N. , Teplyakov A. T. , Grakova E. V. , Kopeva K. V. , Molokov A. V. , Yakovleva I. V. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis are linked by common pathophysiological mechanisms.Objective. To evaluate the effect of alendronate bisphosphonate on cardiovascular outcomes in comorbid patients with ischemic heart disease (CHD) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes) and osteoporosis during a two-year follow-up.Materials and methods. A total of 112 women with comorbid pathology including osteoporosis, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes were examined. The patients' condition was assessed at baseline and prospectively for 24 months with a combined endpoint assessment, including: mortality, readmission for cardiovascular diseases, the development of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, atrial fibrillation. Women were divided into groups: group 1 (n = 59) included patients who received basic therapy for IHD and type 2 diabetes, group 2 (n = 53) included patients who, in addition to basic therapy for coronary artery disease and diabetes Type 2 was prescribed alendronic acid preparation.Results and discussion. According to the results of two-year follow-up, the patients were divided into two subgroups: patients with a favorable (n = 61) and unfavorable course of coronary artery disease (n = 51). At the same time, during prospective observation, the following was assessed: the frequency of hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases, the dynamics of the functional class (FC) of exertional angina, the development of MI, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and mortality. A significant association of alendronate therapy with a favorable course of ischemic heart disease (OR = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.18-0.57; p = 0.008), a decrease in the risk of MI (OR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.11-0.87; p = 0.018) and worsening of FC of exertional angina (OR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.17-0.91; p = 0.014).Conclusion. Long-term (24 months) use of alendronate is an effective and safe method for the treatment of associated cardiovascular pathology, represented by coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, reducing the risk of MI, worsening of FC of exertional angina. These results suggest a more aggressive prescription of alendronate for osteoporotic patients at very high cardiovascular risk.
Exploring the important determinants of access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Adil Shahid , Nadeem Muhammad , Malik Irfan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation is a fundamental human right and basic ingredient of public health. However, one of the major problems faced by developing countries in the twenty-first century is the lack of access to these facilities. Punjab, the most populous province of Pakistan with more than 50% of the country's population, is no exception. Keeping in view its importance, the current study is an effort to investigate important determinants of access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation in Punjab to ensure the provision of these services to the masses. Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Household data from 2017 to 2018 has been used for analysis. The results of a logistic regression model revealed that household media exposure, education level of household head, household wealth status, and ethnic background of the household head are some of the important determinants of household access to safe drinking water. For household access to improved sanitation, along with these factors, the role of social norms and place of residence are also important. Particularly, the role of social norms is very profound. Findings from the study suggest that efforts should be made to provide readily available media access, household education level needs to be enhanced, policies should be made to raise the living standard of the poorest households, and the social norm for the use of improved sanitation needs to be promoted.
Natural Products for Fungal Diseases Management and Prevention
Authors: Akhtar Nahid , Ayoubi Rabia , Kour Vinaypreet , Gautam Umesh , Amin-ul Mannan Mohammad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract:
Fungal diseases cause more deaths as compared to combined deaths due to malaria and
tuberculosis. There are around 3.8 million fungal species, but only about 300 of them are pathogenic
to humans. Invasive fungal diseases are majorly caused by Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus,
Histoplasma, Mucorales, and Pneumocystis. It has been estimated that around 1.5 million people
die because of these infections across the globe. The emergence of resistance against the major
classes of antifungal drugs poses a serious threat to public health. Moreover, the commonly used
antifungal drugs are loaded with side-effects. Some of them are nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, cause cardiomyopathy,
and in acute cases, cytotoxicity. Hence, it is important to seek novel molecules that
can be safe and effective antifungal drugs. Naturally occurring molecules in plants and various microorganisms
can be a safe and effective alternative to the existing antifungal drugs. In this review,
the role of various phytochemicals, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and phenols, as potential
antifungal agents has been discussed. Similarly, naturally occurring molecules in other microorganisms
like algae, bacteria, and various other fungi have been summarized. The information discussed
in this review can be useful in the identification of novel antifungals.
Using Machine Learning to Compare Provaccine and Antivaccine Discourse Among the Public on Social Media: Algorithm Development Study
Authors: Argyris Young Anna , Monu Kafui , Tan Pang-Ning , Aarts Colton , Jiang Fan , Wiseley Kaleigh Anne 
Published: May 2021

Background
Despite numerous counteracting efforts, antivaccine content linked to delays and refusals to vaccinate has grown persistently on social media, while only a few provaccine campaigns have succeeded in engaging with or persuading the public to accept immunization. Many prior studies have associated the diversity of topics discussed by antivaccine advocates with the public’s higher engagement with such content. Nonetheless, a comprehensive comparison of discursive topics in pro- and antivaccine content in the engagement-persuasion spectrum remains unexplored.

Objective
We aimed to compare discursive topics chosen by pro- and antivaccine advocates in their attempts to influence the public to accept or reject immunization in the engagement-persuasion spectrum. Our overall objective was pursued through three specific aims as follows: (1) we classified vaccine-related tweets into provaccine, antivaccine, and neutral categories; (2) we extracted and visualized discursive topics from these tweets to explain disparities in engagement between pro- and antivaccine content; and (3) we identified how those topics frame vaccines using Entman’s four framing dimensions.

Methods
We adopted a multimethod approach to analyze discursive topics in the vaccine debate on public social media sites. Our approach combined (1) large-scale balanced data collection from a public social media site (ie, 39,962 tweets from Twitter); (2) the development of a supervised classification algorithm for categorizing tweets into provaccine, antivaccine, and neutral groups; (3) the application of an unsupervised clustering algorithm for identifying prominent topics discussed on both sides; and (4) a multistep qualitative content analysis for identifying the prominent discursive topics and how vaccines are framed in these topics. In so doing, we alleviated methodological challenges that have hindered previous analyses of pro- and antivaccine discursive topics.

Results
Our results indicated that antivaccine topics have greater intertopic distinctiveness (ie, the degree to which discursive topics are distinct from one another) than their provaccine counterparts (t122=2.30, P=.02). In addition, while antivaccine advocates use all four message frames known to make narratives persuasive and influential, provaccine advocates have neglected having a clear problem statement.

Conclusions
Based on our results, we attribute higher engagement among antivaccine advocates to the distinctiveness of the topics they discuss, and we ascribe the influence of the vaccine debate on uptake rates to the comprehensiveness of the message frames. These results show the urgency of developing clear problem statements for provaccine content to counteract the negative impact of antivaccine content on uptake rates.
Lithic raw material in the Cantabrian region: Dialectical relationship between flint and quartzite in the Palaeolithic record
Authors: Prieto Alejandro , Arrizabalaga Alvaro , Yusta Iñaki 
Published: May 2021

The increase, in quantitative and qualitative terms, of research attending to the geological nature of rocks found in archaeological contexts is changing our perspectives about social and economic territories articulated by Palaeolithic societies in the Cantabrian Region. Practically the only raw material researched in a solid geoarchaeological approach in this area is flint. This paper addresses how the near absence of in-depth geoarchaeological research into raw materials other than flint is modifying our perception of the procurement and management mechanism of raw material in the Cantabrian Region during the Palaeolithic.
To consider this matter in depth, we present the bibliographic and quantitative analysis of 30 representative archaeological sites from the Cantabrian Region whose assemblages were described lithologically using basic and primary categories. The state of play depicts a geographic distribution of raw material in the Cantabrian Region where quartzite is associated with the western sector and flint with the east. Interconnected with this axis, there is a chronological tendency that promotes standardisation in the use of flint by Palaeolithic societies following a chronological order, from the older to the more recent periods. This information, and its contextualisation with the new perspectives resulting from the application of the geoarchaeological proposal used to understand flint procurement, allows us to understand the general tendencies of raw material distribution of the region. Especially, we can detect how the absence of geoarchaeological methodologies of other raw materials than flint has modified the perception of the economic and social dynamics articulated around raw material by Palaeolithic people. This bias does not only affect the geographical and chronological axes, emphasising information from the regions and periods where flint is represented, but also promotes the over-interpretation of long-distance procurement, therefore, building up narratives exclusively based on human mobility.
This situation has generated an incomplete and unbalanced picture of the procurement and management strategies followed by Palaeolithic societies because quartzite, the second most-often used lithic raw material, and other raw materials have only been studied using geoarchaeological methods within the last few years. This research finally points to the continuation of in-depth research of quartzite and other raw materials as the next steps to re-interpret the current paradigms about procurement and management of raw material by Palaeolithic societies, and, therefore, modify our perspectives of social and economic territories.
A DEIXIS ANALYSIS OF SONG LYRICS IN HELLO BY ADELE
Authors: Kurniati Nia , Haryudun Acep 
Published: May 2021

The main purpose of this research is to analyze three types of deixis in Adele’s song lyrics. Then, the song lyrics can be analyzed using pragmatic approach, especially about deixis. Then, the song lyrics can be analyzed using pragmatic approach, specifically about deixis. This research applied descriptive qualitative methodThis research applied descriptive qualitative method. The researcher elects lyrics of the most popular songs of Adele’s Album 25. The data ware taken from one of three song lyrics in Adele’s album 25 entitled Hello for identifying and classifying the deixis into their types (person deixis, spatial deixis, and temporal deixis). Based on the results and discussion can be concluded that all deixis found in song lyrics, there are 53 words include of kinds of deixis. the person deixis was found on adele’s song as the most dominant type (43 deictic words or 75%). Second position, deixis spatial is the most found (9 deictic words or 17%), and in the last position is temporal deixis (4 deictic words or 8%)
EXPLORING THE POTENTIALS OF TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION FOR TEACHING LANGUAGE SKILLS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Syathroh Isry Laila , Kareviati Evie , Lestari Ayu , Fitria Nurlaila 
Published: May 2021

The use of technology has become an essential element in teaching and learning process. Usually, each language class uses some type of technology tools that are used to support and enhance language learning. They are tools to help teachers facilitate their students' language learning. This research focuses on the role of technology in learning English as a foreign and second language. It addresses the significance of technology that allows English language learners to develop their learning abilities. In this paper, the researchers describe the term technology integration, of technology, explain the use of technology in the language classroom, discuss the advantages and challenges of technology integration, and provide some suggestions for better use of these technologies to help learners develop their learning abilities.
CODE SWITCHING UTTERANCES OF PUBLIC FIGURES’ VLOG IN YOUTUBE CHANNEL
Authors: Tussa'diah Halimah , Anggaini Eka , Hasibuan Selamat Husni 
Published: May 2021

This research dealt with the analysis of Code-Switching Utterances of Public Figures’ Vlog In YouTube Channel. The objectives were to determine code-switching and the types of code-switching used by the public figures and the guests. The researcher focused on the application of Intra- sentential (74 cases), Inter-sentential (85 cases) and Extra/Tag code-switching (26 cases). A descriptive qualitative method was taken to analyze the data from four videos on YouTube published in March 2019 until November 2019. The finding showed that public figures and the guests used code-switching, which included 185 cases. There were seven reasons of public figures switched the language; 75 data of talking about a particular topic, 2 data of quoting somebody else, 1 data of being emphatic about something, 13 data of interjection (inserting sentence filler or sentence connector), 27 data of repetition of clarification, 63 data of intention for clarifying the speech content for the interlocutor, and 4 data of expressing group identity.
ANALYSIS OF EDUCATION VALUE OF CHARACTER IN NOVEL 5 CM BY DONNY DHIRGANTORO
Authors: Sembiring Rut Leni Natalia , Br pakpahan Emma Martina 
Published: May 2021

Character education is closely related to moral education, which is to shape and train individual abilities continuously for self-improvement towards a better life. Novel is a literary work that can convey the values of character education. The research aims to analyzing the values of character education in the novel 5 cm by Donny dhirgantoro. This research is a qualitative study using a descriptive design method. the data analysis technique by reading the entire data, analyzing the data in more detail and restating the data by described and interpreting the data. The result of this study are the value of character education contained in the novel “ 5 cm” by Donny Dhirgantoro, namely, religious, hard work, love to read, friendly and communicative, social care, and love the homeland.