bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refractory elements in the gas phase for comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Rubin Martin , Altwegg Kathrin , Berthelier Jean-Jacques , Combi Michael R. , De Keyser Johan , Dhooghe Frederik , Fuselier Stephen , Gombosi Tamas I. , Hänni Nora , Müller Daniel , Pestoni Boris , Wampfler Susanne F. , Wurz Peter 
Published: December 2021

Context. Gas-phase sodium, silicon, potassium, and calcium were previously identified in mass spectra recorded in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, the target of the European Space Agency’s Rosetta mission. The major release process for these atoms was identified as sputtering by the solar wind. More recently, remote observations of numerous comets over a range in heliocentric distances revealed the presence of metal atoms of iron and nickel that had been released either from the nucleus or from a distributed source with a short scale length. Sputtering, however, has been dismissed as a major release process due to the attenuation of the solar wind in the comae of some of the observed targets.
Aims. We investigated the presence of refractory species in the gas phase of the coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. This investigation includes a period close to perihelion when the solar wind was likely absent from the near-nucleus region due to the increased cometary activity. Additionally, we extended our search to iron and nickel.
Methods. We analyzed in situ data from the Rosetta/ROSINA Double Focusing Mass Spectrometer DFMS.
Results. We found that gas-phase silicon was present throughout the Rosetta mission. Furthermore, the presence of sodium and iron atoms near the comet’s perihelion confirms that sputtering cannot be the sole release process for refractory elements into the gas phase. Nickel was found to be below the detection limit. The search for parent species of any of the identified gas phase refractories has not been successful. Upper limits for a suite of possible fragment species (SiH, SiC, NaH, etc.) of larger parent and daughter species have been obtained. Furthermore, Si did not exhibit the same drop in signal as do common cometary gases when the spacecraft is pointed away from the nucleus. The combined results suggest that a direct release of elemental species from small grains on the surface of the nucleus or from small grains in the surrounding coma is a more likely explanation than the previous assumption of release via the dissociation of gaseous parent molecules.
Acquisition of a Dose Management System with Consideration of Medico-Legal and Economic Aspects
Authors: Do Thuy Duong , Melzig Claudius , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Weber Marc-André , Wielpütz Mark Oliver 
Published: December 2021

Background New radiation protection regulation encompassing additional obligations for monitoring, reporting and recording of radiation exposure, was enacted on December 31, 2018. As a consequence, dose management systems (DMS) are necessary to fulfill the requirements. The process of selection, acquisition and implementation of a suitable IT solution for this purpose is a challenge that all X-ray-applying facilities, including hospitals and private practices, are currently facing.
Method A target/actual-analysis as well as a cost-utility analysis is presented for this specific case as a foundation for the acquisition decision-making process.
Result An actual analysis is necessary in order to record the current status of dose documentation. An interdivisional approach is recommended to include all imaging modalities and devices. An interdisciplinary steering committee can be helpful in enabling consensus and rapid action. A target analysis includes additional criteria with respect to ease of operation, technical feasibility, process optimization and research opportunities to consider in addition to the statutory requirements. By means of a cost-benefit analysis, considerations between costs and the individually weighted advantages and disadvantages of eligible DMS result in a ranking of preference for the available solutions.
Conclusion Requirements of a DMS can be summarized in a specification sheet. Deploying an actual condition analysis, target state analysis and cost-utility analysis can help to identify a suitable DMS to achieve rapid commissioning and highest possible user acceptance while optimizing costs at the same time.
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Test–Retest Reliability and Construct Validity of the German Translation of the Gait Outcome Assessment List (GOAL) Questionnaire for Children with Ambulatory Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Bonfert Michaela V. , Jelesch Evelyn , Schroeder A. Sebastian , Hartmann Julia , Koenig Helene , Warken Birgit , Meuche Anne , Jung Nicolai H. , Bernius Peter , Weinberger Raphael , Sorg Anna Lisa , von Kries Rüdiger , Narayanan Unni G. , Hoesl Matthias , Berweck Steffen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Gait Outcome Assessment List (GOAL) is a patient or caregiver-reported assessment of gait-related function across different domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) developed for ambulant children with cerebral palsy (CP). So far, the questionnaire is only available in English. The aim of this study was to translate the GOAL into German and to evaluate its reliability and validity by studying the association between GOAL scores and gross motor function as categorized by the gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The GOAL was administered to primary caregivers of n = 91 children and adolescents with CP (n = 32, GMFCS levels I; n = 27, GMFCS level II; and n = 32, GMFCS level III) and n = 15 patients were capable of independently completing the whole questionnaire (GMFCS level I). For assessing test–retest reliability, the questionnaire was completed for a second time 2 weeks after the first by the caregivers of n = 36 patients. Mean total GOAL scores decreased significantly with increasing GMFCS levels with scores of 71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 66.90–74.77) for GMFCS level I, 56 (95% CI: 50.98–61.86) for GMFCS level II, and 45 (95% CI: 40.58–48.48) for GMFCS level III, respectively. In three out of seven domains, caregivers rated their children significantly lower than children rated themselves. The test–retest reliability was excellent as was internal consistency given the GOAL total score. The German GOAL may serve as a much needed patient-reported outcome measure of gait-related function in ambulant children and adolescents with CP.
Soft matter dynamics: A versatile microgravity platform to study dynamics in soft matter
Authors: Born P. , Braibanti M. , Cristofolini L. , Cohen-Addad S. , Durian D. J. , Egelhaaf S. U. , Escobedo-Sánchez M. A. , Höhler R. , Karapantsios T. D. , Langevin D. , Liggieri L. , Pasquet M. , Rio E. , Salonen A. , Schröter M. , Sperl M. , Sütterlin R. , Zuccolotto-Bernez A. B. 
Published: December 2021

We describe an experiment container with light scattering and imaging diagnostics for experiments on soft matter aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The suite of measurement capabilities can be used to study different materials in exchangeable sample cell units. The currently available sample cell units and future possibilities for foams, granular media, and emulsions are presented in addition to an overview of the design and the diagnostics of the experiment container. First results from measurements performed on ground and during the commissioning aboard the ISS highlight the capabilities of the experiment container to study the different materials.
Tetramerization of STAT5 promotes autoimmune-mediated neuroinflammation
Authors: Monaghan Kelly L. , Aesoph Drake , Ammer Amanda G. , Zheng Wen , Rahimpour Shokofeh , Farris Breanne Y. , Spinner Camille A. , Li Peng , Lin Jian-Xin , Yu Zu-Xi , Lazarevic Vanja , Hu Gangqing , Leonard Warren J. , Wan Edwin C. K. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease that impacts the central nervous system. A murine model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), is used to determine the mechanism of MS pathogenesis. STAT5 is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in mediating cellular responses following cytokine stimulation. Activated STAT5 proteins undergo functional dimerization and tetramerization. This study demonstrates that STAT5 tetramers promote the pathogenesis of EAE. STAT5 tetramers facilitate the interactions between Th17 cells and monocyte-derived cells (MDCs) in the meninges. In addition, the STAT5 tetramer-mediated expression of the chemokine CCL17 in MDCs promotes Th17 cell extravasation in the meninges. Thus, our study identified a GM-CSF-STAT5 tetramer-CCL17 pathway that can be therapeutically targeted.
Members of the KCTD family are major regulators of cAMP signaling
Authors: Muntean Brian S. , Marwari Subhi , Li Xiaona , Sloan Douglas C. , Young Brian D. , Wohlschlegel James A. , Martemyanov Kirill A. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Neuromodulation is pivotal for brain function. One of the key pathways engaged by neuromodulators is signaling via second messenger cAMP, which controls a myriad of fundamental reactions. This study identifies KCTD5, a ubiquitin ligase adapter, as a regulatory element in this pathway and determines that it works by an unusual dual mode controlling the activity of cAMP-generating enzyme in neurons through both zinc transport and G protein signaling.
Single-crystalline silicon nanomembrane thin-film transistors with anodized aluminum oxide as a gate dielectric on rigid and flexible substrates
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Geng Bowen , Wei Junqing , Wang Zhi , Lan Kuibo , Ren Xiaochen , Qin Guoxuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Flexible integrated circuits have gained a lot of attention in recent years for their emerging applications in wearable electronics. Flexible thin-film transistors (TFTs) with low-costs and high-performance are highly desirable as essential and fundamental elements for most flexible applications. In this paper, we fabricate single-crystalline silicon nanomembrane (SiNM)-based TFTs with anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) as a dielectric material on glass and flexible plastic substrates. Good quality AAO was obtained on plastic substrates at room temperature. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)was used for the surface morphology of the AAO gate dielectric layers on different substrates (i.e. glass, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and SU-8 coated PET). The electrical characteristics of the AAO gate dielectric layers on different substrates were also analyzed with metal–insulator–metal capacitors. The SiNMs were processed with a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible semiconductor process (e.g. photolithography, ion implantation, thermal annealing, reactive ion etching, metal evaporation, etc), and then transferred to the substrates with AAO/aluminum stack layers. The performance of the transistors on glass and plastic substrates was characterized. Compared with the TFT fabricated on a glass substrate, the TFT fabricated directly on a PET substrate had lower performance due to poor surface roughness. For optimization of the surface roughness, the PET was modified with a coating of SU-8 photoresist. In this way, the TFT had properties close to that on a glass substrate. AAO that can be manufactured at room temperature provides a simple and low-cost solution for high-performance flexible single-crystalline SiNM TFTs.
Relationship between module performance and the shading area for modules with different circuit connection mode
Authors: Zhang Caixia , Shen Honglie , Chen Jun , Li Hua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Partial shading is very common in photovoltaic (PV) systems. The mismatch losses and hot-spot effects caused by partial shading can not only affect the output power of a solar system, but also can bring security and reliability problems. This paper centers on the silicon crystalline PV module technology subjected to operating conditions with some cells partially or fully shaded. A comparison of the electrical and hot-spot performance results for four different connection mode PV modules without shading and with partial or full shading is presented. Bypass diode of different modules would start up in the different conditions with increasing shading area. We found that the regular half-cell module degraded about 60% than its non-shaded power, which is about 30% less than the other three modules, when the short edges of these modules were shaded. The highest hot-spot temperature of the regular half-cell module was 75.5 °C, which is the lowest among the four modules before the diode started up.
Tunable polarization comb based on the electromagnetically induced transparency with hybrid metal-graphene metamaterial
Authors: Sun Yuan-Zhe , Guo Zi-Han , Gao Cheng-Jing , Zhang Hai-Feng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Noted a linear-to-circular polarization comb based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with hybrid metal-graphene metamaterial in terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. Due to the near field coupling between the bright mode of metal cut-wire (MCW) and multiple dark modes, the multi-peak EIT effect is exhibited under the x-polarized incidence supported by the three-level theory. With another orthogonal MCW etched on the back of the SiO2, the asymmetry responses in both polarized incidences (x- and y-polarized waves) further triggers the linear-to-circular polarization conversion (LTCPC). The values of four corresponding circular-polarized frequencies combined with transmission coefficients respectively are 0.90 THz with 0.45, 1.02 THz with 0.64, 1.15 THz with 0.60, 1.32 THz with 0.53, confirmed via relevant axial ratios and the electric field distributions. On the other hand, the drastic phase changes in transparent windows raise high group delays, among which the maximum value approaches 325 ps. Additionally, DC-voltage-driven graphene strips are doped at both ends of the back MCW to enhance the reconfigurability, superior tunable transmission behaviors illuminated by y-polarization with obvious changes at 0.90 THz and 1.02 THz can be achieved with the dynamic Fermi level fluctuating between 0.01 eV and 0.8 eV. Such an implementation creates a novel path to polarization modulators, signal transceivers, and information transmission devices.
Majorana quanta, string scattering, curved spacetimes and the Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Tamburini Fabrizio , Licata Ignazio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Riemann Hypothesis states that the Riemann zeta function ζ(z) admits a set of ‘non-trivial’ zeros that are complex numbers supposed to have real part 1/2. Their distribution on the complex plane is thought to be the key to determine the number of prime numbers before a given number. Hilbert and Pólya suggested that the Riemann Hypothesis could be solved through the mathematical tools of physics, finding a suitable Hermitian or unitary operator that describe classical or quantum systems, whose eigenvalues distribute like the zeros of ζ(z). A different approach is that of finding a correspondence between the distribution of the ζ(z) zeros and the poles of the scattering matrix S of a physical system. Our contribution is articulated in two parts: in the first we apply the infinite-components Majorana equation in a Rindler spacetime and compare the results with those obtained with a Dirac particle following the Hilbert-Pólya approach showing that the Majorana solution has a behavior similar to that of massless Dirac particles and finding a relationship between the zeros of zeta end the energy states. Then, we focus on the S-matrix approach describing the bosonic open string scattering for tachyonic states with the Majorana equation. Here we find that, thanks to the relationship between the angular momentum and energy/mass eigenvalues of the Majorana solution, one can explain the still unclear point for which the poles and zeros of the S-matrix of an ideal system that can satisfy the Riemann Hypothesis, exist always in pairs and are related via complex conjugation. As claimed in the literature, if this occurs and the claim is correct, then the Riemann Hypothesis could be in principle satisfied, tracing a route to a proof.
Composition of microorganisms in carbonated mineral waters of the Mukhen deposit (Khabarovsk territory)
Authors: Lebedeva E G , Kharitonova N A , Chelnokov G A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The chemical composition, distribution, structure, number of physiological groups of cultivated bacteria and their biodiversity in the cold carbonic mineral waters of Mukhen and in microbial mats were studied. It is shown that the mineral waters are cold, hydrocarbonate-calcium-magnesium, enriched with iron, manganese, barium. Carbon dioxide predominates in the gaseous composition of waters. Microbiological studies have shown that no sanitary-indicative microflora was found in mineral waters, which indicates the purity of underground waters. Carbonic waters were characterized by a low number of physiological groups of autochthonous bacteria. Among the studied microorganisms, chemolithotrophic thionic bacteria predominated, which indicates the predominance of oxidation processes of reduced sulfur compounds with the participation of bacteria in groundwater. In the microbial mats, various chemolithotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms were identified, participating in the geochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, iron, manganese, and silicon. The number of physiological groups of bacteria was higher than in mineral waters, along with this saprophytic bacteria predominated significantly. A sufficiently high rate of protein and cellulose decomposition by microorganisms of microbial mats was shown. A low diversity of cultured heterotrophic bacteria with the dominance of microorganisms of the genus Bacillus was found in mineral waters and in microbial mats. By using the methods of X-ray phase analysis, the important role of microorganisms of microbial mats in the precipitation of silicate minerals and the formation of calcium carbonates was shown.
Monitoring of microbial communities of surface soil
Authors: Zhurlov O 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Currently, the methods used for sampling soil do not meet modern requirements when conducting comprehensive studies of ecological state of soils. Stratified sampling of soil samples does not allow us to judge the gradients of distribution of agrochemical parameters and microbial communities of surface soil layer in natural landscapes. The use of method of GPS positioning of equidistant points of surface layer of soil in a comprehensive study of agrochemical parameters of soil, the composition of microbial communities of landscape makes it possible to draw up a summary map-scheme (GIS). The article analyzes methodological features of selection of soil samples for agrochemical, bacteriological, and molecular biological analysis. Using example of southern alkaline chernozem with gradient of pH distribution from 7.5 to 8.5 units, the distribution of microbial communities and agrochemical parameters in surface layer of soil of a perennial fallow is shown. The range of changes in agrochemical indicators on site with an area of 1 ha for organic matter was (1.4 ± 0.3% - 5.4 ± 0.5%), ammonium (12.3 ± 1.2 - 26.7 ± 2.7 mg/kg), and nitrate nitrogen (0.9 ± 0.1 - 3.9 ± 0.6 mg/kg). The change in microbial communities corresponded to gradient of soil agrochemical parameters.
Adaptive morphogenesis of the adrenal glands of ducks in conditions of hyperthermia
Authors: Plakhotniuk E , Skobelskaya T , Lemeshchenko V , Kuevda E , Saenko N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
It was found that under conditions of hyperthermia, morphofunctional changes develop in the interrenal part of the adrenal glands, indicating an increase in the functional activity of the gland. The study of ducks on the 5th day of hyperthermia revealed loosening and thickening of the adrenal gland capsule compared to the control. Significant hemodynamic disorders were noted: the phenomena of stasis and erythrocyte sludge in sharply expanded blood capillaries of the adrenal glands. It was found that on the 10th day of hyperthermia, hemodynamic disorders are progressive: the phenomena of sludge and red blood cell stasis are less pronounced, but parenchymal edema and a sharp expansion of sinusoid capillaries persist. Changes in interrenal cells (their high prismatic shape, cytoplasmic vacuolization, apical granularity) are also determined to characterize the high secretory activity of endocrinocytes. The found changes indicate the development of a stress reaction.
The analysis of dysbacteriosis distribution in cats according to the veterinary reporting of clinics in the Moscow region
Authors: Bugrov N , Rudenko P , Tresnitskiy S , Sapego N , Sakhno N , Rogov R 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the distal part of the gastrointestinal tract of animals and its lumen bacteria and parietal microorganisms of the mucous membrane contribute to primary and secondary metabolism and actively interact with populations of host immune cells and influence them in their own way. Mentioned parts of the organism represent the largest, and still insufficiently studied, reservoir of microbiota. Therefore, the analysis of the specific weight of dysbacteriosis in cats, the study of the etiology and features of the course, as well as an attempt to classify this syndrome in cats, will allow us to develop more effective approaches to their correction. The aim of this article was to analyze the dysbacteriosis distribution in cats according to the veterinary reporting of three clinics in the Moscow region over the past five years (2016-2020). The influence of age, sex, and season on the manifestations of dysbacteriosis was revealed.
Development of the Arctic Regions within the Window of Weak Sustainability
Authors: Druzhinin P V , Filatov N N , Shkiperova G T 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Russian policy towards the Arctic has changed in the last decade, the state and large firms are investing heavily in infrastructure, in the creation of new enterprises and the modernization of existing ones. But the northern nature is vulnerable, and the active development of extractive industries can lead to a crisis in the ecological situation. The development of the northern territories of the Russian Federation must meet the conditions of sustainable development, combine the growth of the economy, and the growth of incomes of the population, and the implementation of environmental restrictions. The purpose of this article is to develop methods for constructing windows of weak sustainability based on the construction of socio-ecological and economic models of the regions of the European North, and to study the possibilities of their sustainable development. The studies were carried out in four regions of the European North, which are fully or partially included in the Arctic zone of Russia - the republics of Karelia and Komi, Murmansk and Arkhangelsk regions. Models have been built linking economic, environmental and social indicators. The methodology for calculating windows of weak sustainability for the regional economy is presented. The possibility of its use on the data of the Republic of Karelia has been demonstrated. The results obtained can be used as an information and methodological basis for assessing and developing a policy for sustainable development of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation.