bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Analysis Relating Shape, Material Properties, and Dimensions of Taenioglossan Radular Teeth with Trophic Specialisations in Paludomidae (Gastropoda)
Authors: Krings Wencke , Marcé-Nogué Jordi , Gorb Stanislav N. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The radula, a chitinous membrane with embedded tooth rows, is the molluscan autapomorphy for feeding. The morphologies, arrangements and mechanical properties of teeth can vary between taxa, which is usually interpreted as adaptation to food. In previous studies, we proposed about trophic and other functional specialisations in taenioglossan radulae from species of African paludomid gastropods. These were based on the analysis of shape, material properties, force-resistance, and the mechanical behaviour of teeth, when interacting with an obstacle, which was previously simulated for one species (Spekia) by the finite-element-analysis (FEA) and, for more species, observed in experiments. In the here presented work, we test the previous hypotheses by applying the FEA on 3D modelled radulae, with incorporated material properties, from three additional paludomid species. These species forage either on algae attached to rocks (Lavigeria), covering sand (Cleopatra), or attached to plant surface and covering sand (Bridouxia). Since the analysed radulae vary greatly in their size between species, we additionally aimed at relating the simulated stress and strain distributions with the tooth sizes by altering the force/volume. For this purpose, we also included Spekia again in the present study. Our FEA results show that smaller radulae are more affected by stress and strain than larger ones, when each tooth is loaded with the same force. However, the results are not fully in congruence with results from the previous breaking stress experiments, indicating that besides the parameter size, more mechanisms leading to reduced stress/strain must be present in radulae.
One-day outpatient health management prevents hazardous events during fetal childbirth of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zheng Dan , Luo Yan , Zheng Mou-meng , Liu jing , Lu Yang , Cai Yu-shu , Xuan yin , Chen min , Wang yi-fan , Huang Chun-hua , Lou Di-dong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: To analyze the effects of one-day outpatient health management on premature birth, macrosomia, and low-birth-weight infants in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods: Medical records of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus in our hospital during 2019 were retrospectively collected, including basic information, family history, and pregnancy complications. The outcomes, including preterm birth, macrosomia , and low-birth-weight infants, of patients receiving one-day outpatient health management or not were observed. Logistic regression analysis was used to detect the potential relationship between one-day outpatient health management and outcomes.Results: A total of 1393 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus presented to Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital in 2019, including 104 premature births, 91 low-birth-weight infants, and 71 macrosomia infants. The mean age of the selected subjects was 33.06 ± 4.83 and the mean body mass index was 22.78 ± 3.18 kg/m2. A total of 535 (38.41%) patients with gestational diabetes mellitus volunteered to participate in the one-day outpatient health management program. This health management [odds ratio = 0.474 (95% confidence interval 0.272–0.826)] was a protective factor for macrosomia; however, it was not associated with premature birth and low-birth-weight.Conclusions: The degree of acceptance of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus to a one-day outpatient health management program is still low. This health management program reduced the risk of macrosomia in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus by 52.6%. In the future, regular follow-up should be introduced in clinical practice to further improve the effects of one-day programs.
Region-specific Brain Age Prediction Models for Children and Adolescents Derived by Machine Learning
Authors: Jeong Hyerin , Park Ukeob , Kang Seung Wan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
EEG biomarkers can reveal significant and actionable differences in brain development between normal children and those with developmental disorders. Frontal slow frequency EEG is one common differentiator between normal and abnormal brain function. The present study sought to establish models, based on machine learning, to predict brain age in children and adolescents. Four brain regions were studied: left anterior, right anterior, left posterior, and right posterior, based on the different functions characteristic of each region. Importantly, differences were also considered in the construction of the models. All models yielded promising r2 values for the prediction of brain age, with values of 0.80 or higher. Our technique employed a tree-based feature selection algorithm, allowing selection of a minimum number of features while still preserving predictive power. These prediction models can be used to quantify deviations between estimated and biological brain age, and so serve as valuable tools in efforts to assess and intervene early in several profound developmental disorders.
Network-Based Metric Space for Phenotypic Stratification of Samples Using Transcriptome Profiles
Authors: Sung Inyoung , Lee Dohoon , Lee Sangseon , Kim Sun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
With the advancements of high-throughput sequencing technology, several recent studies addressed the clinical/phenotypic stratification of samples by utilizing transcriptome data. However, existing stratification methods lack efficient utilization of gene interaction information, and furthermore, handling more than 20,000 genes causes the curse of high dimensionality that hinders elucidating the linkage between genetic profiles and clinical/phenotypic differences. To overcome these challenges, we propose a network-based two-step computational framework. We first reduce dimensions of transcriptome to a few tens of dimensions by mapping transcriptome to protein interaction network followed by performing network propagation algorithm and clustering analysis. Then, each network is converted into a single numeric metric by utilizing information theoretic quantification of gene expression abnormality, which results in a single sample mapping to a metric space generated by each subnetwork in the form of vectors. The proposed network-based stratification method was used to analyses Pan-Caner dataset and Oryza sativa dataset. Extensive experiments showed that our method generates a metric space that captures data-specific biological functions and improves the stratification performance compared to existing methods. Therefore, the proposed method successfully stratified the samples, addressing the problem in the complex gene space. The proposed method is implemented in Python and available at https://github.com/Sunginyoung/net_stratification.
Erratic Asian Summer Monsoon 2020: COVID-19 Lockdown Initiatives Possible Cause for These Episodes?
Authors: Kripalani Ramesh , Ha Kyung-Ja , Ho Chang-Hoi , Oh Jai-Ho , Preethi B. , Mujumdar Milind , Prabhu Amita 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The summer (June through September) monsoon 2020 has been very erratic with episodes of heavy and devastating rains, landslides and catastrophic winds over South Asia (India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh), East Asia (China, Korea, and Japan), and Southeast Asia (Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Philippines, Indonesia). The withdrawal of the summer monsoon over India was delayed by two weeks. The monsoon season over East Asia has been the longest. China recorded a Dam burst in the 20th century. Furthermore, the Korean Peninsula has experienced back-to-back severe tropical cyclones. Could the lockdown activities initiate to control the COVID-19 spread a possible cause for these major episodes?The strict enforcement of the lockdown regulations has led to a considerable reduction of air pollutants – dust and aerosols throughout the world. A recent study based on satellites and merged products has documented a statistically significant mean reduction of about 20%, 8% and 50% in nitrogen dioxide, Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and PM2.5 concentrations, respectively over the megacities across the globe. Our analysis reveals a considerable reduction of about 20% in AOD over South as well as over East Asia, more-over East Asia than over South Asia. The reduced aerosols have impacted the strength of the incoming solar radiation as evidenced by enhanced warming, more-over the land than the oceans. The differential warming over the land and the ocean has resulted in the amplification of the meridional ocean-land thermal contrast and strengthening of the monsoon flow. These intense features have supported the surplus transport of moisture from the oceans towards the main lands. Some similarity between the anomalous rainfall pattern and the anomalous AOD pattern is discernable. In particular, the enhancement of rainfall, the reduction in AOD and the surface temperature warming match very well over two regions one over west-central India and the other over the Yangzte River Valley. Results further reveal that the heavy rains over the Yangzte River Valley could be associated with the preceding reduced aerosols, while the heavy rains over west-central India could be associated with reduced aerosols and also due to the surface temperature warming
Temporal niche partitioning between carnivores differs depending on the analytical method: comparison between temporal overlap and co-occurrence, and time-to-encounter analyses
Authors: Watabe Ryoga , Tsunoda Hiroshi , Saito Masayuki U. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Temporal niche partitioning is one of the most important strategies for carnivore coexistence. Camera-trap data has been analyzed through several methods to assess the temporal niche partitioning. When different analytical approaches used to evaluate niche partitioning detect different results, the mechanisms of species coexistence may be misinterpreted. As such, it is important to evaluate the temporal niche partitioning from multiple analytical approaches. In this study, we compared three analytical methods–the temporal overlap, temporal co-occurrence, and time-to-encounter analysis–to evaluate the temporal niche partitioning among sympatric medium-sized carnivores: red foxes, raccoon dogs, and Japanese martens. From May to October 2019 and 2020, we obtained the activity of the target species using camera-traps in northeastern Japan. We analyzed the data with the coefficient of temporal overlap, probabilistic co-occurrence analysis, checkerboard score, and multi-response permutation procedures. The results of the assessment of the niche partitioning differed depending on the analytical methods. Therefore, we conclude that the choice of analytical approach is important for understanding the mechanisms of species coexistence through temporal niche partitioning.
Formaldehyde Exposure Induces Differentiation of Regulatory T Cells via the NFAT- mediated T Cell Receptor Signalling Pathway in Yucatan Minipigs
Authors: Park Jeongsik , Kang Goo-Hwa , Kim Youngkyu , Lee Ju Young , Hwang Jeong Ho 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The use of minipigs (Sus scrofa) as a platform for toxicological and pharmacological research is well established. In the present study, we investigated the effect of formaldehyde (FA) exposure on helper T cell-mediated splenic immune responses in Yucatan minipigs. The minipigs were exposed to different concentrations of FA (0, 2.16, 4.62, or 10.48 mg/m3) for a period of 2 weeks. Immune responses elicited by exposure to FA were determined by assessing physiological parameters, mRNA expression, and cytokine production. Additionally, the distribution of helper T cells and regulatory T cells (Treg) and expression of NFAT families, which are well-known T cell receptor signalling proteins associated with regulatory T cell development, were evaluated. Exposure to FA suppressed the expression of genes associated with Th1 and Th2 cells in minipigs in a dose-dependent manner. Subsequent production of cytokines also declined post-FA exposure. Furthermore, exposure to FA induced the differentiation of CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg cells with divergent expression levels of NFAT1 and NFAT2. These results indicated that exposure to FA increased the Treg cell population via the NFAT-mediated T cell receptor signalling pathway, leading to suppression of the effector T cell activity with a decline in T cell-related cytokine production.
Characterization of culturable bacterial communities associated with cage cultured fish under different stocking densities in Setiu Wetlands, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Authors: M.Tawfeeq Mohammed Salah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The study objective was to evaluate the effects of fish stocking density on the prevalence of pathogens isolated from sixty clinically healthy fishes reared under different densities in floating net-cages in Setiu lagoon. The water temperature, pH, DO, TDS, salinity, water clarity, depth, and coliform concentration, were all determined within the fish cages. The healthy fish samples were randomly collected from 3 sites in cages with low and high stocking densities at each site. The bacteria were isolated from the skin, gills, kidneys, and liver of each fish sample, followed by identification to species level using the VITEK-2 system. The pathogens with beta-hemolysis characteristics were selected for antibiotic susceptibility against the following drugs: AM-10 µg, P-10 U, CL-30 µg, TC-30 µg, CP-5 µg, GM-10 µg, KM-30µg, and SM-10 µg. Water quality parameters showed no differences between the cages of low and high fish densities except for site C. The total number of isolates, microbial species, and the number of pathogens isolated from fish revealed no significant difference between the fish stocked in low and high densities. A total of 25 bacterial species were isolated, which included 14 gram-positive and 11 gram-negative. The (SM) drug application is suspected on this farm.
A Dynamic Relation Between Whole-Brain White Matter Microstructural Integrity and Anxiety Symptoms in Preadolescent Females with Pathological Anxiety
Authors: Aggarwal Nakul , Williams Lisa E. , Tromp Do P.M. , Pine Daniel S. , Kalin Ned H. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Pathological anxiety typically emerges during preadolescence and has been linked to alterations in white matter (WM) pathways. Because myelination is critical for efficient neuronal communication, characterizing associations between WM microstructure and symptoms may provide insights into pathophysiological mechanisms associated with childhood pathological anxiety. This longitudinal study examined 182 girls enrolled between the ages of 9–11 that were treatment-naïve at study entry: healthy controls (n = 49), subthreshold-anxiety disorders (AD) (n = 82), or meeting DSM-5 criteria for generalized, social, and/or separation ADs (n = 51), as determined through structured clinical interview. Anxiety severity was assessed with the Clinical Global Impression Scale and Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). Participants (n = 182) underwent clinical, behavioral, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) assessments at study entry, and those with pathological anxiety (subthreshold-AD and AD, n = 133) were followed longitudinally for up to 3 additional years. Cross-sectional ANCOVAs (182 scans) examining control, subthreshold-AD, and AD participants found no significant relations between anxiety and DTI measurements. However, in longitudinal analyses of girls with pathological anxiety (343 scans), linear mixed-effects models demonstrated that increases in anxiety symptoms (SCARED scores) were associated with reductions in whole-brain fractional anisotropy, independent of age (Std. β (95% CI)=-0.06 (-0.09 to -0.03), F(1,46.24) = 11.90, P = 0.001). Using a longitudinal approach, this study identified a dynamic, within-participant relation between whole-brain WM microstructural integrity and anxiety in girls with pathological anxiety. Given the importance of WM microstructure in modulating neural communication, this finding suggests the possibility that WM development could be a viable target in the treatment of anxiety-related psychopathology.
­Molecular insights into the benefits of regular exercise in combating immunological mayhem during SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Das Deepyaman 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 has caused devastation around the world with death tolls increasing every day. Case studies and hospital data suggest that immunocompromised individuals are at a greater risk of serious consequences caused by this disease. Regular exercise has been proven to combat multifarious diseases by improving overall health of the individual. A recent study has proven that regular exercise can reduce the serious illness associated with COVID-19. Circulating miRNAs released from the muscles during strenuous exercise has also been found to have anti-inflammatory effects. So, it was hypothesized that regular exercise might be releasing therapeutic miRNAs in the blood that might be reducing the immunological chaos in COVID-19 patients. Using network and systems biology approach, mRNA targets of 3 upregulated exomiRs (hsa-miR-486-5p, hsa-miR-215-5p, hsa-miR-941) in the blood of regularly exercising adults were mapped in the blood of COVID-19 patients. hsa-miR-215-5p, hsa-miR-486-5p and hsa-miR-941 were found to target 8, 93 and 99 upregulated mRNAs respectively. Functional enrichment analysis showed that hsa-miR-486-5p might be preventing thrombosis and aggravated inflammation in regularly exercising COVID-19 patients. Thus, hsa-miR-486-5p can be considered to have therapeutic roles against immunological damage caused by COVID-19.
Integrated analysis of the underlying immunomodulator and survival signature of STON1 gene in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Axiu , Bai Jianrong , Ha Yanping , Wang Bingshu , Zou Yuan , Wu Caixia , Xing Jingci , Zheng Shaojiang , Shen Zhihua , Luo Botao , Jie Wei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Stonin 1 (STON1) is an endocytic protein but its role in cancer remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of STON1 in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC).

Methods

We undertook bioinformatics analyses of a series of public databases to determine the expression and clinical significance of STON1 in KIRC and focused on STON1-related immunomodulator and survival signatures. A nomogram model integrating clinicopathological characteristics and risk scores for KIRC was established and validated.

Results

Through TGCA and GEO databases, STON1 mRNA was found to be significantly downregulated in KIRC compared with normal controls, and decreased STON1 was related to grade, TNM stage, distant metastasis, and vital status of KIRC. Furthermore, OncoLnc, UALCAN, Kaplan–Meier, and GEPIA2 analyses supported that KIRC patients with high STON1 expression had better overall survival. STON1 was positively associated with mismatch proteins including MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6 and EpCAM, and was negatively correlated with tumor mutational burden. Interestingly, arm-level deletion of STON1 was clearly related to the abundance of immune cells and the infiltration abundance in the majority of 26 immune cell types that were positively related to STON1 mRNA level in the TIMER database. The TISIDB database revealed 21 immunostimulators and 10 immunoinhibitors that were obviously related to STON1 in KIRC. In univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, CTLA4 , KDR , LAG3 , PDCD1 , HHLA2 , TNFRSF25 , and TNFSF14 were screened to establish a risk score model, and the low-risk group had a better prognosis for KIRC. Furthermore, a nomogram integrating clinicopathological characteristics and risk score had better accuracy and practicability in predicating the survival of KIRC patients.

Conclusions

Decreased STON1 expression in KIRC leads to clinical progression and poor survival. Mechanically, loss of STON1 is associated with the aberrant immune microenvironment in KIRC. Integrated clinicopathological characteristics and risk score derived from STON1 -related immunomodulators can aid the prediction of KIRC survival.
Impact of light on anoxic/oxic reactors: performance, quorum sensing, and metagenomic characteristics
Authors: Fei Xuening , Li Songya , Wang Linpei , Wang Le , Chen Fuqiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The effect of light has raised attention on wastewater treatment. However, little research has concentrated on the influences of light on activated sludge. In this study, the influences of light on the performance, quorum sensing (QS) and metagenomic characteristics of anoxic/oxic reactors were investigated. The reactor without light (AO1) showed higher total nitrogen (TN) removal (79.15 ± 1.69%) than the reactor with light (AO2) (74.54 ± 1.30%), and significant differences were observed. It was observed that light facilitated the production of protein-like and tryptophan-like substances by employing parallel factor analysis for extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), resulting in more EPS production in AO2, indicating light was beneficial to EPS production. The concentrations of N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) were various in the two reactors, so the AHLs-mediated QS behaviors in both reactors were also different. These results revealed that light significantly influenced nitrogen removal, EPS, and QS. Metagenomic analysis based on Tax4Fun demonstrated that light reduced the denitrification, stimulated the polysaccharide and protein biosynthesis pathways and down-regulated the AHLs synthesis pathway, resulting in lower TN removal, more EPS production, and lower AHLs concentrations. Based on the above, the likely mechanism was proposed for the influences of light on the reactor.
Removal of multiple metal ions from wastewater by a multifunctional metal-organic-framework based trap
Authors: Nie Rong , Yang Cailing , Zhang Jing , Dong Kun , Zhao Guohu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The design and preparation of multifunctional adsorbent for practical wastewater treatment is still an enormous challenge. To remove multiple metal ions from wastewater, we developed a broad-spectrum metal ions trap named UIO-67-EDTA by incorporation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid into robust UIO-67. The adsorption experiments for 15 kinds of heavy metal ions including hard acid (Mn2+, Ba2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Fe3+), borderline acid (Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Sn2+, Bi2+), soft acid (Ag+, Cd2+, Hg2+), and two kinds of dissolved minerals (Mg2+, Ca2+) show that the trap is very effective both in batch adsorption processes and breakthrough processes. At a pH value of 4.0, the removal efficiency for all metal ions was over 98% within 10 min, and the maximum static adsorption capacity for the representative metal ions Cr3+, Hg2+and Pb2+ was up to 416.67, 256.41, and 312.15 mg g−1, respectively. The adsorption kinetics fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that the chemical adsorption was the rate-determining step in the adsorption process. Meanwhile, the material showed high stability and recyclability, the removal efficiency for the three representative metals was still maintained over 93% after five consecutive adsorption cycles.