bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined anti‐PD‐1 and anti‐CTLA‐4 checkpoint blockade: Treatment of melanoma and immune mechanisms of action
Authors: Willsmore Zena N. , Coumbe Ben G. T. , Crescioli Silvia , Reci Sara , Gupta Ayushi , Harris Robert J. , Chenoweth Alicia , Chauhan Jitesh , Bax Heather J. , McCraw Alexa , Cheung Anthony , Osborn Gabriel , Hoffmann Ricarda M. , Nakamura Mano , Laddach Roman , Geh Jenny L. C. , MacKenzie‐Ross Alastair , Healy Ciaran , Tsoka Sophia , Spicer James F. , Josephs Debra H. , Papa Sophie , Lacy Katie E. , Karagiannis Sophia N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCytotoxic T‐lymphocyte associated protein‐4 (CTLA‐4) and the Programmed Death Receptor 1 (PD‐1) are immune checkpoint molecules that are well‐established targets of antibody immunotherapies for the management of malignant melanoma. The monoclonal antibodies, Ipilimumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab, designed to interfere with T cell inhibitory signals to activate immune responses against tumors, were originally approved as monotherapy. Treatment with a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors may improve outcomes compared to monotherapy in certain patient groups and these clinical benefits may be derived from unique immune mechanisms of action. However, treatment with checkpoint inhibitor combinations also present significant clinical challenges and increased rates of immune‐related adverse events. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms attributed to single and combined checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies and clinical experience with their use.
Rational Design of Cycloheptyl‐Fused Bis(arylimino)pyridyl‐cobalt(II) Precatalysts Adorned with Sterically and Electronically Modified N‐Aryls for Enhancing Ethylene Polymerization
Authors: Zada Muhammad , Guo Liwei , Zhang Wenjuan , Ma Yanping , Liang Tongling , Sun Wen‐Hua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe sterically and electronically modified cycloheptyl‐fused bis(arylimino)pyridine‐cobalt(II) chloride precatalysts [2,3 : 5,6‐{C4H8C(N‐2,4‐(C15H13)‐6‐R‐C6H2}2C5HN]CoCl2 (R=Me (Co1), Et (Co2), i‐Pr (Co3), Cl (Co4), and F (Co5)) have been prepared via one‐pot synthesis approach. All the precatalysts were characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR spectroscopy and the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction for Co2 confirmed distorted‐square‐pyramidal geometry around the cobalt center. On activation with either MAO (methylaluminoxane) or MMAO (modified methylaluminoxane), all the cobalt precatalysts displayed high catalytic activities for ethylene polymerization with peak performance of 3.47×106 g (PE) mol−1 (Co) h−1 at 50 °C using MAO and 4.53×106 g (PE) mol−1 (Co) h−1 at 30 °C with MMAO. The steric and electronic influence of the ortho‐substitutions (R) displayed significant effect on the catalytic activity and molecular weight of the resultant polyethylene. Notably, the precatalyst Co5 (R=F) exhibited high activity, delivering high‐molecular‐weight (558.17 kg mol−1) polyethylene; highlights the beneficial effect of ortho‐substituents (R) alongside with dibenzocycloheptyl groups. In addition, analysis of the obtained polyethylene showed strictly linear structure with saturated and unsaturated (vinyl) end groups.
Highly Enantioselective Ring‐Opening of meso‐Epoxides with O‐ and N‐Nucleophiles Catalyzed by a Chiral Sc(III)/bipyridine Complex
Authors: Malatinec Štefan , Bednářová Eva , Tanaka Hiroki , Kotora Martin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ring‐opening of epoxides is a synthetically significant process widely applied in all kinds of chemistry. Herein, we report the catalytic and highly enantioselective variant of this reaction exploiting our recent endeavors to design and synthesize chiral bipyridine type ligands. A Sc‐complex with a newly developed bipyridine ligand exhibited high reactivity and stereocontrol in the desymmetrization of meso‐epoxides with various alcohols. The respective enantiomerically enriched 1,2‐alkoxyalcohols were obtained with e.r. values of up to 99.5:0.5 for various alcohols regardless of their nature (benzyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, allyl, propargyl, etc.). We attempted ring‐opening of meso‐epoxides with anilines as well; however, it proceeded with lower enantioselectivity and was strongly depended on the electronic effect of substituents attached to the aromatic ring.
Square‐wave Voltammetry and Electrochemical Faradaic Spectroscopy of a Reversible Electrode Reaction: Determination of the Concentration Fraction of the Redox Couple
Authors: Stojanov Leon , Jovanovski Vasko , Mirceski Valentin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA comparative study conducted with square‐wave voltammetry (SWV) and electrochemical faradaic spectroscopy (EFS) is presented for a reversible electrode reaction of dissolved redox couple in the presence of both Ox and Red components. In agreement with previous studies, the net peak current ΔΨp of the theoretical SW voltammograms is positioned at the formal potential E0′ and does not depend on the concentration ratio c(Ox)/c(Red). However the forward‐to‐backward peak current ratio is sensitive to the redox state. For very low SW amplitudes, theoretical data imply superior features of EFS over SWV. Theoretical and experimental calibration lines are in good agreement within the interval 0.2≤x(Ox)≤0.8.
Influence of probiotic adjunct cultures on the characteristics of low‐fat Feta cheese
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud E. , Rathnakumar Kaavya , Awasti Nancy , Elfaruk Mohamed Salem , Hammam Ahmed R. A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere are different methods that have been recently applied to develop a process to manufacture low‐fat Feta cheese (LFC) with acceptable flavor and texture. The objective of this study was to produce LFC from skim buffalo's milk (SBM) using Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LB) as control LFC (T1) incorporated with other probiotic adjunct cultures (PAC), such as Lactobacillus casei (LBC) in T2, Bifidobacterium bifidum (BB) in T3, and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (LL) in T4. The SBM was pasteurized and inoculated with 3% of starter cultures; then, 0.4% of rennet and 3% of salt were added. After coagulation, the cheese was cut, packed, and stored at 4°C. The chemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of LFC were monitored during 14 days of storage. The moisture, acidity, total protein (TP), salt, and fat of LFC were approximately 75.0%, 1.0%, 17.0%, 3.0%, and 1.2%, respectively, after 14 days of storage at 4°C. The viability of PAC was high (5–7 log cfu/g) at the end of storage, which makes LFC a functional product with a valuable source of probiotic. Moreover, the adjunct cultures improved (p < .05) the sensory characteristics of LFC, including the texture and flavor.
Comparative study of physicochemical composition and microbial community of Khoormog, Chigee, and Airag, traditionally fermented dairy products from Xilin Gol in China
Authors: Guo Liang , Xu Weiliang , Li Chundong , Guo Yuansheng ,   Yamei , Chagan Irbis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDue to their outstanding nutritional and functional properties, the traditionally fermented dairy products (TFDP) from camel, mare, and cow gained universal praise during their long history of production. In this study, the physicochemical composition and microbial communities of Khoormog, Chigee, and Airag, the TFDP from Xilin Gol in China, were investigated and compared. The physicochemical analysis revealed a higher content of total solid content, protein, and fat in Khoormog (12.5 ± 1.6%; 4.6 ± 0.7%; 4.4 ± 1.3%) compared to Chigee (7.8 ± 1.3%; 2.1 ± 0.2%; 0.8 ± 0.2%) and Airag (8.9 ± 0.7%; 3.7 ± 0.4%; 1.4 ± 0.5%). All three types of TFDP shared 41.2% of bacterial and 25.4% of fungal OTUs, and 95.34% of bacterial and 95.52% of fungal sequence reads. The bacterial and fungal community consisted of four phyla and five genera, and three phyla and seven genera, respectively. Lastly, Lactobacillus predominated in Khoormog, Chigee, and Airag at the genus level, while the dominant fungal genera varied among the samples. In conclusion, the microbial community structures of TFDP from camel, mare, and cow were not significantly different in a definite area (Xilingol region), and Khoormog, Chigee, and Airag bred the common “core microbiota”.
Consistent and efficient pricing of SPX and VIX options under multiscale stochastic volatility
Authors: Jeon Jaegi , Kim Geonwoo , Huh Jeonggyu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe provide consistent and efficient pricing for both Standard & Poor's 500 Index options and the Chicago Board Options Exchange's Volatility Index options under a multiscale stochastic volatility model. To capture the multiscale, our model adds a fast scale factor to Heston's volatility and we derive approximate analytic formulas for the options under the model. The analytic tractability can greatly improve the efficiency of calibration compared to fitting procedures using a numerical scheme. Our experiment using options data for 3 years shows that the model reduces about 20% of the errors for a single‐scale model.
Bioethics and Addiction
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBioethicists have sometimes regarded the opioid epidemic as a problem with obvious answers and thus no need for the field's conceptual analysis. Yet, as three essays in the July‐August 2020 issue of the Hastings Center Report demonstrate, the opioid crisis contains a knot of distinctions and puzzles to be sorted out. Travis N. Rieder examines, for example, what is fundamentally driving the crisis—access to the drugs or large societal problems such as poverty and joblessness. The role of choice in addiction, the effects of moral condemnation on approaches to addiction, and what treatment should look like are among the puzzles Hanna Pickard explores, while Daniel S. Goldberg focuses on the common and harmful conflation of the public health problems of substance misuse and pain. These philosophical and bioethical questions point in widely different directions, lying both inside and outside bioethics. They point toward systemic societal factors that determine health and well‐being yet have seemed outside bioethics' largely clinical boundaries. And they point toward a deeper look at the very idea of autonomy—an examination of a topic clearly within bioethics yet occurring at the fringes of its usual constructs.
Listening to Scientists—and Each Other
Authors: Gusmano Michael K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDuring the past two years, colleagues and I at The Hastings Center have worked on a project, funded by the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, that seeks to improve the quality of public deliberation, particularly about science. Specifically, we seek to improve the public's capacity for civic learning, which is our term for the ability of people living in a democracy to learn at least the basics of complex policy issues, discuss them, and make civically responsible decisions about them. There are no quick fixes. The forces that have undermined trust in society and that inhibit a mutually respectful deliberation about these issues have built up over centuries.
The Social Risks of Science
Authors: Herington Jonathan , Tanona Scott 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany instances of scientific research impose risks, not just on participants and scientists but also on third parties. This class of social risks unifies a range of problems previously treated as distinct phenomena, including so‐called bystander risks, biosafety concerns arising from gain‐of‐function research, the misuse of the results of dual‐use research, and the harm caused by inductive risks. The standard approach to these problems has been to extend two familiar principles from human subjects research regulations—a favorable risk‐benefit ratio and informed consent. We argue, however, that these moral principles will be difficult to satisfy in the context of widely distributed social risks about which affected parties may reasonably disagree. We propose that framing these risks as political rather than moral problems may offer another way. By borrowing lessons from political philosophy, we propose a framework that unifies our discussion of social risks and the possible solutions to them.
Resting‐state magnetoencephalography source magnitude imaging with deep‐learning neural network for classification of symptomatic combat‐related mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Huang Ming‐Xiong , Huang Charles W. , Harrington Deborah L. , Robb‐Swan Ashley , Angeles‐Quinto Annemarie , Nichols Sharon , Huang Jeffrey W. , Le Lu , Rimmele Carl , Matthews Scott , Drake Angela , Song Tao , Ji Zhengwei , Cheng Chung‐Kuan , Shen Qian , Foote Ericka , Lerman Imanuel , Yurgil Kate A. , Hansen Hayden B. , Naviaux Robert K. , Dynes Robert , Baker Dewleen G. , Lee Roland R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCombat‐related mild traumatic brain injury (cmTBI) is a leading cause of sustained physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral disabilities in Veterans and active‐duty military personnel. Accurate diagnosis of cmTBI is challenging since the symptom spectrum is broad and conventional neuroimaging techniques are insensitive to the underlying neuropathology. The present study developed a novel deep‐learning neural network method, 3D‐MEGNET, and applied it to resting‐state magnetoencephalography (rs‐MEG) source‐magnitude imaging data from 59 symptomatic cmTBI individuals and 42 combat‐deployed healthy controls (HCs). Analytic models of individual frequency bands and all bands together were tested. The All‐frequency model, which combined delta‐theta (1–7 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), beta (15–30 Hz), and gamma (30–80 Hz) frequency bands, outperformed models based on individual bands. The optimized 3D‐MEGNET method distinguished cmTBI individuals from HCs with excellent sensitivity (99.9 ± 0.38%) and specificity (98.9 ± 1.54%). Receiver‐operator‐characteristic curve analysis showed that diagnostic accuracy was 0.99. The gamma and delta‐theta band models outperformed alpha and beta band models. Among cmTBI individuals, but not controls, hyper delta‐theta and gamma‐band activity correlated with lower performance on neuropsychological tests, whereas hypo alpha and beta‐band activity also correlated with lower neuropsychological test performance. This study provides an integrated framework for condensing large source‐imaging variable sets into optimal combinations of regions and frequencies with high diagnostic accuracy and cognitive relevance in cmTBI. The all‐frequency model offered more discriminative power than each frequency‐band model alone. This approach offers an effective path for optimal characterization of behaviorally relevant neuroimaging features in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
The impact of mental health parity laws on birth outcomes
Authors: Carney Monica Harber 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrior studies have found that poor mental health during pregnancy is associated with poor birth outcomes, but little is known about the ability of mental health care access and treatment to counteract these effects. I use a difference‐in‐differences strategy exploiting the staggered enactment of state mental health parity laws in 25 states from 1995 to 2002 to identify the impact of mental health care access on the probability of an adverse birth outcome. These state mental health parity laws are insurance mandates requiring coverage of mental health care be equivalent to physical health care. Using birth records, I find that, among the group of mothers most likely to have private insurance, introduction of a mental health parity law in a state decreased the probability of an adverse birth outcome. Furthermore, I find that the parity laws decreased the likelihood that a pregnant woman hospitalized for delivery would receive a mental illness diagnosis.
Computational analysis of the thermal performance of rarefied air flow in V‐shaped microchannels
Authors: Hader Montasir , Al‐Kouz Wael , Kiwan Suhil , Alshare Aiman , Chamkha Ali 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, a computational fluid analysis of a slip flow developing thermally and hydrodynamically in a triangular microchannel has been considered. The wall of the channel is preserved at a fixed temperature. Temperature jump and velocity slip boundary conditions are imposed on the surfaces. The microchannel is constructed from seven triangular‐shaped channels and the angle of the microchannel (θ) is varied from 0° to 40°. Simulations are carried out for , and the air is used as a working fluid with variable physical properties. The simulation results show that the triangular microchannel can improve heat transfer as compared with plain microchannels. An optimal θ of 20° is found to provide the best heat transfer at moderate frictional losses. Finally, correlations for the average Nusselt number and the average friction coefficient among all parameters are proposed as follows: , .
Forestal Arauco experimental research catchments; daily rainfall‐runoff for 10 catchments with different forest types in Central‐Southern Chile
Authors: Balocchi Francisco , White Don A. , Silberstein Richard P. , Ramírez de Arellano Pablo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractForestal Arauco (FA), a global manufacturer of forest products, manages more than 1 million ha of forest plantations and oversees the conservation of more than half a million hectares of native forest and vegetation in Brazil, Argentina and Chile. In 2008, FA responded to local concerns about the effect of plantations on water resources and commenced streamflow monitoring in catchments in the coastal range of central‐southern Chile between 35° and 39° of latitude south. This data note presents an overview of daily streamflow and rainfall records for 10 small catchments (18–112 ha) from 2008 to 2018. The catchments are covered by three different forest types, namely native forest (2), pine plantations of different ages (6) and eucalypt plantations (2). All of these catchments share similar metamorphic geology. A 90° V notch weir was built at each catchment outlet and data collected at 5 min interval using a pressure transducer that was calibrated monthly. The dataset is part of a research programme aiming to improve our understanding about the role of forest plantations on water balance at a stand and catchment level. It also includes the rainfall data from these catchments estimated using a combination of local rain gauges and data from the longer term records of the Chilean Directorate of Water. This dataset can be used in hydrological modelling and in a wide range of research questions and water management issues regarding forest plantations in a Mediterranean climate.
Impact of corporate performance on stock price predictions in the UAE markets: Neuro‐fuzzy model
Authors: Mohamed Elfadil A. , Ahmed Ibrahim Elsiddig , Mehdi Riyadh , Hussain Hanan 
Published: January 2021

SummaryPredicting stock price remains one of the challenges for investors' investment strategies. This study helps with accurate prediction and the main factors affecting variations in stock prices. It applies an adaptive neuro‐fuzzy model on 58 listed firms from both the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange and the Dubai Financial Market for the period 2014–2018 to estimate the predictive power of corporate performance measures and their significance. After examining four performance predictors—return on asset (ROA), return on equity (ROE), earning per share (EPS), and profit margin (PM)—the study finds that ROE is the most significant predictor and ROA is the least. EPS is the most influential profitability measure and PM the least.
Dynamic imaging of zebrafish heart with multi‐planar light sheet microscopy
Authors: Huang Zengxin , Gu Panchun , Kuang Dengfeng , Mi Ping , Feng Xizeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLight sheet fluorescence microscopy has become a research hotspot in biomedicine because of low phototoxicity, high speed, and high resolution. However, the conventional methods to acquire three‐dimensional spatial information are mainly based on scanning, which inevitably increases photodamage and is not real‐time. Here, we propose a method to generate controllable multi‐planar illumination with a dielectric isosceles triangular array and a design of multi‐planar light sheet fluorescence microscopy system. We carry out experiments of three‐dimensional illumination beam measurement, volumetric imaging of fluorescent microspheres, and dynamic in vivo imaging of zebrafish heart to evaluate the performance of this system. In addition, we apply this system to study the effects of bisphenol fluorene on the heart shape and heart‐beating rate of zebrafish. Our experiment results indicate that the multi‐planar light sheet microscopy system provides a novel and feasible method for three‐dimensional selected plane imaging and low‐phototoxicity in vivo imaging.
Response of the ENPP1-Deficient Skeletal Phenotype to Oral Phosphate Supplementation and/or Enzyme Replacement Therapy: Comparative Studies in Humans and Mice
Authors: Ferreira Carlos R , Kavanagh Dillon , Oheim Ralf , Zimmerman Kristin , Stürznickel Julian , Li Xiaofeng , Stabach Paul , Rettig R Luke , Calderone Logan , MacKichan Colin , Wang Aaron , Hutchinson Hunter A , Nelson Tracy , Tommasini Steven M , von Kroge Simon , Fiedler Imke AK , Lester Ethan R , Moeckel Gilbert W , Busse Björn , Schinke Thorsten , Carpenter Thomas O , Levine Michael A , Horowitz Mark C , Braddock Demetrios T 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Inactivating mutations in human ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (ENPP1) may result in early-onset osteoporosis (EOOP) in haploinsufficiency and autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets (ARHR2) in homozygous deficiency. ARHR2 patients are frequently treated with phosphate supplementation to ameliorate the rachitic phenotype, but elevating plasma phosphorus concentrations in ARHR2 patients may increase the risk of ectopic calcification without increasing bone mass. To assess the risks and efficacy of conventional ARHR2 therapy, we performed comprehensive evaluations of ARHR2 patients at two academic medical centers and compared their skeletal and renal phenotypes with ENPP1-deficient Enpp1asj/asj mice on an acceleration diet containing high phosphate treated with recombinant murine Enpp1-Fc. ARHR2 patients treated with conventional therapy demonstrated improvements in rickets, but all adults and one adolescent analyzed continued to exhibit low bone mineral density (BMD). In addition, conventional therapy was associated with the development of medullary nephrocalcinosis in half of the treated patients. Similar to Enpp1asj/asj mice on normal chow and to patients with mono- and biallelic ENPP1 mutations, 5-week-old Enpp1asj/asj mice on the high-phosphate diet exhibited lower trabecular bone mass, reduced cortical bone mass, and greater bone fragility. Treating the Enpp1asj/asj mice with recombinant Enpp1-Fc protein between weeks 2 and 5 normalized trabecular bone mass, normalized or improved bone biomechanical properties, and prevented the development of nephrocalcinosis and renal failure. The data suggest that conventional ARHR2 therapy does not address low BMD inherent in ENPP1 deficiency, and that ENPP1 enzyme replacement may be effective for correcting low bone mass in ARHR2 patients without increasing the risk of nephrocalcinosis. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).