bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community-level women’s education and undernutrition among Indian adolescents: A multilevel analysis of a national survey
Authors: Shah Ankita R. , Subramanyam Malavika A. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundLittle research has explored the influence of social context on health of Indian adolescents. We conceptualized community-level women’s education (proxy for value placed on women’s wellbeing) as exerting contextual influence on adolescent hemoglobin level and body mass index (BMI).MethodsWe derived our sample of more than 62,000 adolescent aged 15 through 17 years from the Indian National Family Health Survey 2015–16. The sample consisted of a total of 62648 adolescents (54232 girls and 8416 boys) for the hemoglobin, and 62846 adolescents (54383 girls and 8463 boys) for the BMI analysis. We fitted multilevel random intercepts linear regression models to test the association of village- and urban-ward-level-women’s education with hemoglobin level and BMI of adolescents, accounting for their own and their mother’s education; as well as relevant covariates.FindingsOur fully adjusted model estimated that if the 52% of communities with less than 20 percent of women having a tenth-grade education in our sample were to achieve 100 percent tenth-grade completion in women, hemoglobin would be 0·2 g/dl higher (p<0·001) and BMI would be 0·62 kg/m2higher on average amongall adolescentsin such communities. Unexplained variance estimates at the contextual level remained statistically significant, indicating the importance of context on adolescent undernutrition.InterpretationsAdolescents are deeply embedded in their context, influenced by contextual factors affecting health. Promoting adolescent health therefore implies altering social norms related to adolescent health and health behaviors; along with structural changes creating a health-promoting environment. Integrating our empirical findings with theoretically plausible pathways connecting community-level women’s education with adolescent undernutrition, we suggest that enhancing community-level women’s education beyond high school is necessary to facilitate these processes.ImplicationsAddressing contextual determinants of adolescent undernutrition might be the missing link in India’s adolescent anemia and undernutrition prevention efforts, which are currently focused heavily on individual-level biomedical determinants of the problem.
Psychological support in general population during the COVID-19 lockdown in France: Needs and access
Authors: Alleaume Caroline , Verger Pierre , Peretti-Watel Patrick ,   the COCONEL Group
Published: May 2021

Introduction
With France one of the European countries most strongly affected by COVID-19 in the spring of 2020, French authorities imposed a nationwide lockdown for 8 weeks (March 17–May 10). This study explored the perception of the adult population about the need for—and access to—psychological support from health care professionals (HCP) in response to concerns about the psychological needs during lockdown.

Material and method
This online cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of the adult general population of mainland France (N = 2,003) took place during the last four days of the French lockdown (May 7–10, 2020).

Results
One in eight respondents (12.2%) perceived a need for psychological support from an HCP during the lockdown; most had symptoms of depression and/or anxiety of at least moderate intensity. Only a third (29.8%, 3.6% of the entire sample) actually obtained this support. Factors associated with this perceived need included: age under 35, economic difficulties due to lockdown, pre-lockdown use of psychological support, infection with COVID-19, serious worries about becoming infected, and heavy media use to obtain information about the disease. Among those who perceived a need for psychological support, the elderly were the most likely not to consult an HCP. People aged 35–64, those with high income, and those seriously worried about developing COVID-19 were the most likely to forgo seeking access to care because of their fear of infection by the coronavirus-2019.

Conclusion
The perceived need for psychological support from an HCP and access to it appeared to be strongly associated with COVID-19 exposure factor. More research about this association is needed to improve the health authorities’ understanding of the population’s psychological needs in this situation and to enhance HCPs’ abilities to meet them. In particular, further research of its specific impact on youth is necessary.
Value of quantitative analysis in lung computed tomography in patients severely ill with COVID-19
Authors: Rorat Marta , Jurek Tomasz , Simon Krzysztof , Guziński Maciej 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionQuantitative computed tomography (QCT) is used to objectively assess the degree of parenchymal impairment in COVID-19 pneumonia.Materials and methodsRetrospective study on 61 COVID-19 patients (severe and non-severe; 33 men, age 63+/-15 years) who underwent a CT scan due to tachypnea, dyspnoea or desaturation. QCT was performed using VCAR software. Patients’ clinical data was collected, including laboratory results and oxygenation support. The optimal cut-off point for CT parameters for predicting death and respiratory support was performed by maximizing the Youden Index in a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsThe analysis revealed significantly greater progression of changes: ground-glass opacities (GGO) (31,42% v 13,89%, p<0.001), consolidation (11,85% v 3,32%, p<0.001) in patients with severe disease compared to non-severe disease. Five lobes were involved in all patients with severe disease. In non-severe patients, a positive correlation was found between severity of GGO, consolidation and emphysema and sex, tachypnea, chest x-ray (CXR) score on admission and laboratory parameters: CRP, D-dimer, ALT, lymphocyte count and lymphocyte/neutrophil ratio. In the group of severe patients, a correlation was found between sex, creatinine level and death. ROC analysis on death prediction was used to establish the cut-off point for GGO at 24.3% (AUC 0.8878, 95% CI 0.7889–0.9866; sensitivity 91.7%, specificity 75.5%), 5.6% for consolidation (AUC 0.7466, 95% CI 0.6009–0.8923; sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 59.2%), and 37.8% for total (GGO+consolidation) (AUC 0.8622, 95% CI 0.7525–0.972; sensitivity 75%, specificity 83.7%). The cut-off point for predicting respiratory support was established for GGO at 18.7% (AUC 0.7611, 95% CI 0.6268–0.8954; sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 64.4%), consolidation at 3.88% (AUC 0.7438, 95% CI 0.6146–0.8729; sensitivity 100%, specificity 46.7%), and total at 23.5% (AUC 0.7931, 95% CI 0.673–0.9131; sensitivity 93.8%, specificity 57.8%).ConclusionQCT is a good diagnostic tool which facilitates decision-making regarding intensification of oxygen support and transfer to an intensive care unit in patients severely ill with COVID-19 pneumonia. QCT can make an independent and simple screening tool to assess the risk of death, regardless of clinical symptoms. Usefulness of QCT to predict the risk of death is higher than to assess the indications for respiratory support.
Acceptability of a nurse-led, person-centred, anticipatory care planning intervention for older people at risk of functional decline: A qualitative study
Authors: Corry Dagmar A. S. , Doherty Julie , Carter Gillian , Doyle Frank , Fahey Tom , O’Halloran Peter , McGlade Kieran , Wallace Emma , Brazil Kevin 
Published: May 2021

Background
As the population of older adults increases, the complexity of care required to support those who choose to remain in the community amplifies. Anticipatory Care Planning (ACP), through earlier identification of healthcare needs, is evidenced to improve quality of life, decrease aggressive interventions, and prolong life. With patient acceptability of growing importance in the design, implementation, and evaluation of healthcare interventions, this study reports on the acceptability of a primary care based ACP intervention on the island of Ireland.

Methods
As part of the evaluation of a feasibility cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) testing an ACP intervention for older people at risk of functional decline, intervention participants [n = 34] were interviewed in their homes at 10-week follow-up to determine acceptability. The intervention consisted of home visits by specifically trained registered nurses who assessed participants’ health, discussed their health goals and plans, and devised an anticipatory care plan in collaboration with participants’ GPs and adjunct clinical pharmacist. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze interview data. The feasibility cRCT involved eight general practitioner (GP) practices as cluster sites, stratified by jurisdiction, four in Northern Ireland (NI) (two intervention, two control), and four in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) (two intervention, two control). Participants were assessed for risk of functional decline. A total of 34 patients received the intervention and 31 received usual care.

Findings
Thematic analysis resulted in five main themes: timing of intervention, understanding of ACP, personality & individual differences, loneliness & social isolation, and views on healthcare provision. These map across the Four Factor Model of Acceptability (‘4FMA’), a newly developed conceptual framework comprising four components: intervention factors, personal factors, social support factors, and healthcare provision factors.

Conclusion
Acceptability of this primary care based ACP intervention was high, with nurses’ home visits, GP anchorage, multidisciplinary working, personalized approach, and active listening regarded as beneficial. Appropriate timing, and patient health education emerged as vital.
Damaged
Authors: Rapport Evan 
Published: May 2021

From the late 1960s to the early 1980s, American punk developed as a distinct musical style that reflected the tremendous upheaval in American society during this period. Raw and direct, punk presented an unvarnished view of changing ideas of race, the growth of American suburbia, and the heightened stakes of musical expressions of whiteness and Blackness. Damaged: Musicality and Race in Early American Punk traces the main factors at play in the punk style, including transformations to blues resources, experimental visions of the American musical past, and bold reworkings of the rock and roll and R&B sounds of the late 1950s and early 1960s—all in all, a historically oriented approach to rock that is strikingly different from the common myths and conceptions about punk. Eventually punk became a forum for new versions of older exchanges between the US and the UK, and the style reflected even more changes to American metropolitan areas and a shift from the expressions of older baby boomers to that of younger musicians belonging to Generation X. The book also explores the discourses and contradictory narratives of punk history, which are often in direct conflict with the world that is captured in historical documents and revealed through musical analysis.
Minkowski–Clarkson’s type inequalities
Authors: Alrimawi Fadi , Abushaheen Fuad A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we give some Minkowski–Clarkson’s type inequalities related to
two finite sequences of real nonnegative numbers. In particular, we prove
two inequalities which in some sense can be regarded as inverse Minkowski’s
inequalities concerning the cases

p
≥
2

{p\geq 2}

and

0
<
p
≤
1

{0<p\leq 1}

. Moreover, for

1
<
p
<
2

{1<p<2}

we prove another Minkowski–Clarkson’s type inequality.
Higher depth mock theta functions and q-hypergeometric series
Authors: Males Joshua , Mono Andreas , Rolen Larry 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the theory of harmonic Maaß forms and mock modular forms, mock theta functions are distinguished examples which arose from q-hypergeometric examples of Ramanujan. Recently, there has been a body of work on higher depth mock modular forms. Here, we introduce distinguished examples of these forms, which we call higher depth mock theta functions, and develop q-hypergeometric expressions for them.
We provide three examples of mock theta functions of depth two, each arising by multiplying a classical mock theta function with a certain specialization of a universal mock theta function. In addition, we give their modular completions, and relate each to a q-hypergeometric series.
The effectiveness of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) on depression of postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mehdipour Asieh , Abedi Parvin , Ansari Somayeh , Dastoorpoor Maryam 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Postmenopausal women are at greater risk of depression. Depression may negatively affect the quality of life of women. An emotional freedom technique (EFT) is an evidence-based therapy combining cognitive and exposure components with acupressure. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of EFT on depression in postmenopausal women.

Methods
This was a randomized controlled trial in which 88 women with mild to moderate depression recruited from a menopausal clinic in Ahvaz, Iran, and randomly assigned into two groups of EFT (n=44) and control for sham therapy (n=44). Women in the EFT group received two sessions of training and asked to continue EFT for 8 weeks, one time per day. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI2) completed by women before and after the intervention. The control group received training on sham acupressure points similar to the intervention group. Data collected using a demographic and BDI2. Women requested to complete the BDI2 before and after the intervention. The independent t-test, chi-square, and ANCOVA were used to analyze data.

Results
The mean depression score in the intervention group reduced from 20.93 ± 4.6 to 10.96 ± 4.38 in comparison to the control group that reduced from 19.18 ± 2.79 to 17.01 ± 6.05 after intervention (p=0.001). After the 8 week intervention, the frequency of moderate depression decreased from 56.8 to 9.35% in the intervention and from 50 to 29.5% in the control group. In total, 63.4 and 34.15% in the intervention and control groups were free of depression respectively after the intervention (p<0.001).

Conclusions
The results of this study showed that using EFT for 8 weeks could significantly reduce the mean score of depression in postmenopausal women. Using this method in public health centers for postmenopausal women is recommended.
Technical specifications and spectral performance characteristics of dispersion flattened fiber (DFF) in optical fiber systems
Authors: Eid Mahmoud M. A. , Sorathiya Vishal , Lavadiya Sunil , Helmy Ahmed , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work has clarified the technical specifications and spectral performance characteristics of dispersion flattened fiber (DFF) in optical fiber systems. Effective nonlinear refractive index and first, second order polarization mode dispersion against spectral wavelength with fiber length of 1000 m and coupling length of 20 m are simulated and demonstrated. Total DFF fiber losses/dispersion performance parameters are investigated and simulated by using OptiFiber simulation. Zero DFF fiber dispersion and its dispersion slope are demonstrated clearly in details. The dominant modes and the cutoff data theoretical values based these modes for the proposed DFF fiber is determined and simulated in a clear manner.
Temperature-insensitive intensity-modulation liquid refractive index sensor based on fiber-optic Michelson probe structure
Authors: Zheng Chen , Feng Wenlin , Yang Xiaozhan , Huang Guojia , Wang Lian , Li Bangxing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A novel liquid refractive index sensor based on the connected single-mode fiber (SMF), no-core fiber (NCF), four-core fiber (FCF), and silver mirror (SM) to form an SMF–NCF–FCF–SM Michelson probe structure is proposed and fabricated. The change of light field in the probe structure has been simulated by the light-beam propagation method. The theoretical results show that light is excited in the NCF and couples into the cores and cladding of FCF at the junction of NCF and FCF. The interference fringes are generated between the cladding modes and core modes of FCF. The sensitivities of the probe in NaCl, sucrose, and glycerol are 171.75 dB/RIU, 121.41 dB/RIU, and 207.50 dB/RIU, respectively. The temperature sensitivity is 0.05 nm/°C, and the intensity change of temperature (≤0.046 dB/°C) is very small and has little effect on the liquid refractive index. Thus, the cross-sensitivity of temperature for the liquid refractive index can be removed. The proposed probe structure has the advantages of easy fabrication, good stability, and linear response, having potential application in the liquid refractive index monitoring environments.
Determination of The Shortest Route Based on BFS Algorithm for Purpose to Disaster Evacuation Shelter
Authors: Sularno Sularno , Mulya Dio Prima , Astri Renitra , Mulya Dwiki 
Published: May 2021

Purus village in Padang City which has an area of 0.86 km2 consisting of 8 RW and 28 RT has a population of 8,075 people with a density of 11,875. As a result, people are always haunted by fear and always feel threatened if an earthquake occurs. If an earthquake and tsunami occur, what the community needs at that time is information about a safe zone that can be reached to save themselves and their families. For this reason, there needs to be an educational process for the community so that they have a culture of disaster awareness in the form of a system that is able to inform the community where the closest safe zone they can reach is the route they must take when a disaster strikes so that it can provide a sense of security because of safety guarantees. This study aims to determine the shortest route that can be taken by the user (community) during a disaster to reduce the risk of a greater number of victims by using the Breadth first search algorithm which is integrated into a web-based GIS application. By determining the starting point which is the user's position when the disaster occurs, and then determining the end point which is the location of the closest shelter, it will be possible to calculate the shortest distance that can be reached by the user at that time. The method chosen in this study is a waterfall because each step of the research carried out must be sequential and structured to avoid the risk of errors in each sequence of processes carried out. The results of this study can be proven by doing manual calculations to determine the shortest distance which will later be compared with the results of applications that have been designed using the BFS algorithm.
ABCD1 gene mutation in an Italian family with X-linkedadrenoleukodystrophy: case series
Authors: Mohn Angelika , Polidori Nella , Aiello Chiara , Rizzo Cristiano , Giannini Cosimo , Chiarelli Francesco , Cappa Marco 
Published: May 2021

Summary
Adrenoleukodystrophy is a peroxisomal X-linked recessive disease caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene, located on the X-chromosome (Xq28). Gene mutations in patient with adrenoleukodystrophy induce metabolic alterations characterized by impaired peroxisomal beta-oxidation and accumulation of very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) in plasma and in all tissues. Although nutritional intervention associated with a various mixture of oil prevents the accumulation of VLCFA, to date no causal treatment is available. Therefore, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and gene therapy are allowed only for very early stages of cerebral forms diagnosed during childhood.We reported a case series describing five family members affected by X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy caused by a novel mutation of the ABCD1 gene. Particularly, three brothers were affected while the sister and mother carried the mutation of the ABCD1 gene. In this family, the disease was diagnosed at different ages and with different clinical pictures highlighting the wide range of phenotypes related to this novel mutation. In addition, these characteristics stress the relevant role of early diagnosis to properly set a patient-based follow-up.

Learning points

We report a novel mutation in the ABCD1 gene documented in a family group associated to an X-ALD possible Addison only phenotype.

All patients present just Addison disease but with different phenotypes despite the presence of the same mutations. Further follow-up is necessary to complete discuss the clinical development.

The diagnosis of ALD needs to be included in the differential diagnosis in all patients with idiopathic PAI through accurate evaluation of VLCFA concentrations and genetic confirmation testing.

Early diagnosis of neurological manifestation is important in order to refer timely to HSCT.

Further follow-up of these family members is necessary to characterize the final phenotype associated with this new mutation.
Hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis in pregnancy: case review on the role of therapeutic plasma exchange
Authors: Tan Sarah Ying Tse , Teh Swee Ping , Kaushik Manish , Yong Tze Tein , Durai Shivani , Tien Claudia Jong-Chie , Gardner Daphne Su-Lyn 
Published: May 2021

Summary
Gestational hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis is associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. We report a case of gestational hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis in a primigravida at 31-weeks gestation, complicated by impending preterm labor and metabolic acidosis requiring hemodialysis. This was successfully managed with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), followed by i.v. insulin, low-fat diet, and omega-3. Triglyceride levels stabilized after TPE and the patient underwent an uncomplicated term delivery. In pregnancy, elevated estrogen and insulin resistance exacerbate hypertriglyceridemia. Management is challenging as risks and benefits of treatment options need to be weighed against fetal wellbeing. We discuss management options including a review of previous case reports detailing TPE use, dietary optimization, and delivery timing. This case emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary care to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes.

Learning points

Gestational hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis has high morbidity.

A multidisciplinary team approach is a key as maternal and fetal needs must be addressed.

Rapid lowering of triglycerides is crucial and can be achieved successfully and safely with plasma exchange.

A low-fat diet while ensuring adequate nutrition in pregnancy is important.

Timing of delivery requires consideration of fetal maturity and risk of recurrent pancreatitis.
Recent progress in research and application of engineered implanted cells for biomedical applications
Authors: Chen Tianying , Zhang Xue , Wu Qiong 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe core concept of cell engineering is the use of synthetic biological methods to engineer and design genetically modified cells with specific functions, which has revolutionized the biotechnology industry and cell therapy. Implanted cells play an important role in the cell therapy, but the currently used implanted cells are unable to fully meet the needs of researchers and clinicians. Therefore, the construction of engineered implanted cells has become a new research area, with many groups exploring the working principles of implanted cells, allowing them to better exert their repair function.ResultsBased on the existing cell engineering platforms, this paper summarizes the main types of chassis cells used in implanted cell engineering, progress in the development of gene editing tools and delivery systems, as well as strategies for the construction of engineered implanted cells.ConclusionsThe rational use of synthetic biology methods to program and control the function of implanted cells with high spatiotemporal accuracy provides new ideas for the development of cell therapy, and opens up new possibilities for exploring the mechanism of implanted cell action to allow them to better exert their role in promoting the progress of repair.