bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aquaculture for an ethnic minority in the Terai of Nepal.
Authors: Pant Jharendu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The Chitwan valley situated in the inner Terai, Nepal, is endowed with a favourable sub-tropical monsoonal climate, rich soil and abundant forest resources. Livelihoods of half of the population in Chitwan depend on farming. The average size of farm holdings is small (about 0.6 ha) with the agricultural system characterized by an integration of crop and livestock sub-systems. Recognizing the possible role of small-scale aquaculture in poverty alleviation in Nepal, the project "Women in Aquaculture in Nepal" aimed at the introduction and development of backyard pond aquaculture. It has been working with small-scale farming households of the traditional fishing communities of the Darai and Tharu in the Chitwan valley. The project has successfully demonstrated the role of backyard pond aquaculture to diversify the farming systems of traditional fishing communities in the Chitwan valley. Whilst farmers operated low-input aquaculture systems, there is scope for significantly increasing fish production through intensification.
African cassava mosaic virus (African cassava mosaic).
Authors: Alabi Olufemi Joseph , Mulenga Rabson M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Cassava is vegetatively propagated therefore ACMV and other CMGs are primarily transmitted via movement of contaminated cuttings. Consequently, introductions of specific CMGs into new localities mirror patterns of cassava cuttings exchange among farmers. Once infected cuttings are planted, the virus establishes easily and can be transmitted within and between fields through the feeding behaviour of the whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci. ACMV is particularly invasive in that it is the most widespread of all known CMGs, occurring across all cassava-producing countries of Africa in cassava and several alternative host plants (Thottappilly et al., 2003; Alabi et al. 2015). ACMV has also been reported infecting non-cultivated exotic cotton species in Pakistan (Nawaz-Ul-Rehman et al., 2012) further underscoring its invasive nature. Yield loss due to CMD can range from 12 to 82%, depending on the cassava variety and infection type (Owor et al., 2004). ACMV is not on the IUCN or ISSG alert list.
Ipomoea nil (white edge morning-glory).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Ipomoea nil is a climber species that has been widely cultivated as a garden ornamental across tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of the world. It is an aggressive and opportunistic colonizer producing stems that either twine into other plants for support or sprawl along the ground. It has escaped from cultivation and become widely naturalized and invasive, primarily in areas near cultivation, disturbed areas and forest edges. Currently, I. nil is listed as invasive in China, India, Philippines, Spain, Galapagos, Cuba, and on several islands in the Pacific Region.
Digitaria eriantha (pangola grass).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

D. eriantha is a perennial grass not considered as a serious weed in some countries, but a competitive and aggressive weed in others (PROTA, 2016; Tropical Forages, 2016; Weeds of Australia, 2016). The species is listed as invasive in Central America (Costa Rica), the Caribbean (Cuba), South America (Colombia, Ecuador) and Oceania (Australia, USA-Hawaii) (Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012; PIER, 2016). Catasús Guerra (2015), however, argues that the species should not be on the list of the invasive species for Cuba, due to lack of spread as it is being over-grazed and not producing viable seeds. It is on the list of the top 200 most invasive species in Queensland, Australia, forming dense populations in riparian areas, open woodlands and on some beaches (Weeds of Australia, 2016).
Paspalum fasciculatum (bull grass).
Authors: Ventosa-Febles Eduardo A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Paspalum fasciculatum, commonly known as Bamboo Grass, is native to the Americas, from south Mexico to Argentina (Randall, 2012). It is a serious pasture weed in areas of fertile, poorly drained soils in the tropical Americas. It can influence abiotic ecosystem processes and significantly alter ecological community composition. In Trinidad, although only partially distributed across the region, it negatively impacts over 50% of the biodiversity where it is found, and its invasiveness has been ranked as 'medium'. It is a common weed in banana plantations and oil palm in Costa Rica and along borders of streams, and swamps at low altitudes from southern Mexico to Ecuador and Argentina.
Ambrosia tenuifolia (lacy ragweed).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Ambrosia tenuifolia is a pioneer herb native to temperate South America that has been introduced in Europe, North America, Southern Africa, Oceania and the Middle East. It competes well in highly disturbed sites where it can become dominant or co-dominant. It propagates by seeds and vegetatively by ramets allowing it to rapidly spread and colonize new areas. Ambrosia tenuifolia is a fast-growing species with the potential to multiply the surface of colonization many times over in a short space of time.
Eragrostis ciliaris (gophertail lovegrass).
Authors: Duenas-Lopez Manuel Angel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Eragrostis ciliaris is a loose-clump-forming, annual to short-lived perennial grass, native to the Paleotropics. It is naturalized in parts of tropical America and the Pacific Islands. It is a common weed on roadsides cultivated land and disturbed sites. E. ciliaris is included in the list of weeds affecting rice crops globally. It is cited as invasive in some Pacific islands (Guam, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, New Caledonia), the Hawaiian Islands and in Cuba.
Clerodendrum lindleyi (clerodendrum).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Clerodendrum lindleyi is a perennial shrub native to tropical Asia cultivated as an ornamental for its attractive foliage and flowers and for medicinalpurposes. C. lindleyi is listed as invasive only in Cuba, where it is regarded as a garden escapee that rapidly invades disturbed sites such as pastures and roadsides.
Cardamine flexuosa (wavy bittercress).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Cardamine flexuosa is a fast-growing herb that often behaves as a weed in both disturbed and undisturbed sites. It is native to Europe and found throughout much of Asia, and has naturalized in North and South America, South Africa and Australia. This species flowers vigorously and forms dense understorey root mats that alter successional processes and displace native plant species. C. flexuosa is a common agricultural weed in paddy fields, crop gardens and orchards and a common weed of gardens, greenhouses and lawns. It is listed as invasive in Myanmar, the Philippines, Hawaii, Cook Islands, South Georgia and the Sandwich Islands and the Bahamas.
Cynoglossum amabile (Chinese forget-me-not).
Authors: Kaufman Sylvan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Cynoglossum amabile is a perennial herb in warmer climates but also grows as an annual in cooler climates. It is native to China and Bhutan but has also been widely planted as an ornamental plant around the world in temperate and tropical climates and is often naturalized where it is planted. It has not been recorded as an invasive species, however, it is considered a weed according to some sources and reportedly spreads as an escape from gardens, via the seed and nursery trade and via internet sales. Information about its impacts where it is naturalized is lacking.
Phyllostachys flexuosa (drooping timber bamboo).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Phyllostachys flexuosa is a fast-growing bamboo that is often cultivated as an ornamental and for its culms. This species expands quickly by underground rhizomes and has the potential to form dense stands and outcompete native vegetation and alter soil conditions. Currently, it is listed as invasive only in Cuba and New Caledonia.
Clerodendrum paniculatum (pagoda flower).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Clerodendrum paniculatum is a shrub which is widely cultivated as an ornamental for its spectacularly showy inflorescences. This species often establishes as a garden escapee. Its ability to produce root suckers allows the species to easily colonize new areas. Once established, it can form clonal stands of several plants. C. paniculatum is included in the Global Compendium of Weeds and listed as invasive in Singapore, Cuba, Hawaii, French Polynesia, Micronesia, Fiji, Palau, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Western Samoa.
Glycosmis parviflora (flower axistree).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Glycosmis parviflora is a shrub or small tree, native to parts of eastern Asia, that is widely planted as an ornamental. It has escaped from cultivation in a number of countries and become naturalized in shrublands and ruderal areas. It displays attributes often associated with invasiveness. For instance, seedling and young plants are shade tolerant, and its fruits are dispersed by vertebrates such as birds and mammals. Currently, it is listed as invasive in Cuba and as potentially invasive in Florida (Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012 USDA-NRCS, 2016).
Hyptis alata (clustered bushmint).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Hyptis alata is a perennial herb native to the Americas that grows as a weed in pastures and disturbed sites, forming dense thickets that render affected areas unproductive. Several Hyptis species behave as weeds and have become naturalized principally in savannas, disturbed sites and agricultural systems in warmer and wet regions of the world. A total of 19 Hyptis species are already included in the Global Compendium of Weeds, listed as agricultural weeds, environmental weeds and invasive species.
Hyptis spicigera (black sesame).
Authors: Dube Shruti 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Hyptis spicigera is an annual herb possibly native to tropical and subtropical America but now widely naturalized in tropical Africa and Asia, and Australia. This species has become a widespread weed in the Guinea Savannah zone. Its seeds contaminate the pasture grass seed. H. spicigera is listed as an agricultural weed in South Asia, Southeast Asia and Africa (e.g. Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria). It is considered an invasive weed in rice-growing areas in Madagascar with no further details. H. spicigera has also spread widely as a tropical weed in the Caribbean region, and is listed as an invasive species on the Global Register for Introduced and Invasive Species for Cuba with evidence of impact. H. spicigera is also listed in the 2017 edition of the Global Compendium of Weeds. This species received a high invasive risk score in an assessment of the invasive threat of introduced species in Australia.
Pteris tripartita (giant brake).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Pteris tripartita is a terrestrial fern native to the tropics of the Old Word, introduced to the New World as an ornamental, with records of its being sold in nurseries in Florida (USA) in the 19th century. It is naturalized at scattered localities from Florida to northern South America, including the Caribbean. It is reported as invasive in Cuba and the south of Florida, USA. Its invasiveness in Cuba is due to its high reproductive capacity and its spread into secondary vegetation and cultivated lands in the eastern part of the country. In southern Florida, it is considered as a moderately invasive species, recorded as escaping cultivation in 1928. It is invasive in floodplain wetlands, basin wetlands and mesic uplands, displacing native species. It is not reported as invasive in its native range. It is regarded as a critically endangered species in India.
Eragrostis unioloides (Chinese lovegrass).
Authors: Duenas-Lopez Manuel Angel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Eragrostis unioloides is an annual grass or sometimes perennial, erect herb, rooting at nodes. Terrestrial, it grows in many dry as well as moist habitats. It is distributed in temperate and tropical Asia from southern Asia to Malesia and northeast Australia. It has been introduced in the southeast USA, Mesoamerica, the Caribbean, the Pacific Islands and in tropical West Africa. It is a common weedy grass mainly in rice crops in its native range and in some crops in the Caribbean region. It is found principally in disturbed sites, such as roadsides and in damp places in its distribution range. It is cited as invasive in Fiji, the Hawaiian Islands and Mexico, but no further information is available about its impacts in natural habitats or on biodiversity in its non-native range.
Securigera varia (crown vetch).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

S. varia is a perennial herbaceous vine from the pea family that has been introduced into various countries as an ornamental, for erosion control, ground cover, soil improvement, as a cover crop and as fodder/forage for livestock (GISD, 2016, US Forest Service, 2016). The species is considered a threat in the USA, for its rapid vegetative growth resulting in monocultures and its detrimental effect on the native vegetation (Molano-Flores, 2014; Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States, 2016). The multi-branched rhizomes can extend up to 3 m long; and the stems can extend up to 2 m long; plants can fully cover 20-30 square metres in four years (Molano-Flores, 2014; US Forest Service, 2016). Luneva (2009) cites it as a dangerous weed that is a problem in rye, oat, summer and winter wheat crops and in vineyards; seeds littering the cereal grains, being hard to separate. There are no invasive behaviour reports for the species in western Europe (Alien Plants of Belgium, 2016). It is reported as invasive in many states of the USA, and in British Columbia in Canada (Molano-Flores, 2014; Casals, 2016; E-Flora of British Columbia, 2016; US Forest Service, 2016). It is included in a list of noxious plants of concern in Mexico, with the recommendation of doing a country assessment for its eradication or containment (Sánchez-Blanco et al., 2012). It is also included in the Global Invasive Species Database of the IUCN (GISD, 2016). An invasiveness assessment carried out for Alaska gave it an invasiveness rank of 68 on a scale of 1-100 (Alaska Natural Heritage Program, 2016).
Euphorbia tirucalli (Indian-tree spurge).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

E. tirucalli is a many-branched succulent plant widely commercialized as an ornamental, hedge plant, potted plant and for soil conservation (Orwa et al., 2009; USDA-ARS, 2016). It has escaped from cultivation and once naturalized, it often grows forming thickets mostly in disturbed sites, abandoned gardens, deciduous forests, semiarid sites, and along roadsides (Little et al., 1974; PIER, 2016). This species grows very fast, and produces a lot of biomass even under very marginal soil and extreme climatic conditions (Mwine and Damme, 2011). In invaded areas, it is propagating vegetatively by cuttings and stem fragments (Little et al., 1974; PIER, 2016). Currently, this species is listed as invasive in Hawaii and Cuba (Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012; PIER, 2016), but is listed as potentially invasive on many islands in the Pacific and in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia (Nguyen and Sosef, 1999; Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2016; PIER, 2016).
Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass).
Authors: Duenas-Lopez Manuel Angel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Eragrostis pilosa is an annual grass native to Eurasia and Africa that has become naturalized in many other tropical and temperate regions of the world. It is a common weed in disturbed areas such as roadsides and crop fields. It is invasive in a number of Pacific Islands, the Philippines, Australia, and North America but no further information is available about its impacts or invasiveness in natural or semi-natural habitats in its non-native range.
Vachellia macracantha (porknut).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Vachellia macracantha is a thorny, deciduous shrub or tree that is cultivated as a fodder plant, for firewood and as ornamental in areas within and outside its native distribution range. It is considered to be native to northern South America, the USA and the Caribbean, but its native distribution range is still uncertain. It has escaped from cultivation and can be found naturalized in disturbed sites, coastal areas and drylands, where it often grows as a weed forming dense thickets. The species also has the potential to modify soil nitrogen levels, with negative impacts on nutrient cycling and balances. It is listed as invasive in Cuba and Chile.
Heliocarpus donnellsmithii (majagua).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Heliocarpus donnellsmithii is a pioneer tree that can be found growing in forest edges, forest gaps, secondary forests, disturbed sites, abandoned crop and pasturelands. Mature trees can produce large amounts of seeds that are easily dispersed by wind. It is a disturbance-dependent species and its germination and seedling establishment rates are high (>60%) in open areas with high sunlight intensity. Outside its native distribution range, this species only occurs in Martinique. On this island, H. donnellsmithii is listed as a "successional activator" tree with the potential to modify the natural successional patterns.
Heteropogon contortus (spear grass).
Authors: Dube Shruti 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

H. contortus is native to Africa, temperate and tropical Asia, Australasia and southwestern Europe, and is naturalized in southern USA, Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America (USDA-ARS, 2017). It is reported as naturalized in Hawaii by USDA-ARS (2017) but according to University of Hawaii (2009), it is not clear whether H. contortus is indigenous to Hawaii or a Polynesian introduction. USDA-ARS (2017) and Baldwin et al. (2012) report H. contortus as an alien species in California, USA, but according to Calflora (2017), it is native in California.
Impatiens walleriana (busy lizzy).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Impatiens walleriana is one of the world's most widely grown ornamental plant species. It has repeatedly escaped from cultivation and usually can be found naturalized in secondary forests, coastal thickets, forest gullies, riversides, roadsides and damp shady places. When established it often forms dense and large stands in the understory of secondary forests and plantations that successfully outcompete native plant species and alter ecological succession. Currently, it is listed as invasive in China, Australia, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Uruguay, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Galapagos, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Hawaii and the Canary Islands. Impatiens walleriana remains a source of great interest among gardeners and breeders, and new hybrids and varieties are developed every year, facilitating the introduction and spread of this species into new areas and thus increasing the likelihood that further invasions will take place.
Ipomoea quamoclit (cypress vine).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Ipomoea quamoclit is a fast-growing vine, native to Mexico and Central America, and widely cultivated and introduced to many countries as an ornamental for its attractive foliage and bright flowers. It has escaped from cultivation to become naturalized and invasive in a variety of habitats, where it competes with native vine species and behaves as an agricultural weed. It is listed as invasive in Australia, Papua New Guinea, India, the United States, Brazil, the Galapagos Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Maldives, the Seychelles and many islands in the Pacific Ocean.
Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Lagenaria siceraria is a vine species, probably originating from tropical Africa, that has been transported and cultivated by humans since ancient times mainly for its fruit. This species is considered one of the most widely distributed plants in the world due to its long history of domestication. Plants can grow up to 5 m long and are shallow-rooted with an extensive lateral root system. Even where this species is known almost exclusively in cultivation, it often escapes from cultivation and can be found naturalized along riversides, roadsides, dry thickets, savannahs and in areas near villages. L. siceraria is a species of environmental concern because it is a vigorous and fast-growing vine that often grows over other plant species, displacing and outcompeting them for water, nutrients and sunlight.
Litsea glutinosa (Indian laurel).
Authors: Duenas-Lopez Manuel Angel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Litsea glutinosa belongs to the family Lauraceae. It is a small- to medium-sized tree, 3-20 m tall, semi-evergreen, and fast-growing dioecious (Chowdhury et al., 2008; Ramana and Raju, 2019). It is native to India, South China to Malaysia, Australia and the western Pacific islands, and introduced and established in South Africa, the western Indian Ocean, and the south-western Pacific (New Caledonia), Mauritius and other tropical regions (Dassanayake, 1995). It has been introduced as a crop (Vos, 2004) and as an ornamental in tropical countries (EPPO, 2019). It has escaped from cultivation and is naturalized in some of the introduced areas. L. glutinosa has many uses in its area of origin as well as in some of its areas of introduction (ISSG, 2015). It is used principally as a binder for tablet formulations, and in the incense stick industry (Ramana and Raju, 2017).L. glutinosa is considered invasive in South Africa, where it is declared an invader plant (Henderson, 2001) and in the Indian Ocean (MacDonald et al., 1991; ISSG, 2015; PIER, 2019) on the islands of Mauritius (Mauritius Island and Rodrigues Island) (PIER, 2019) and Mayotte (Vos, 2004; ISSG, 2015; PIER, 2019). Jacq et al. (2005) do not consider L. glutinosa to be invasive globally, and ISSG (2015) considers it a small tree with high invasion potential, displacing native plant species in disturbed environments, although there is no evidence yet of its impact. It is classified by the IUCN (2019) as a species of Least Concern.
Litsea glutinosa (Indian laurel).
Authors: Duenas-Lopez Manuel Angel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Litsea glutinosa belongs to the family Lauraceae. It is a small- to medium-sized tree, 3-20 m tall, semi-evergreen, and fast-growing dioecious (Chowdhury et al., 2008; Ramana and Raju, 2019). It is native to India, South China to Malaysia, Australia and the western Pacific islands, and introduced and established in South Africa, the western Indian Ocean, and the south-western Pacific (New Caledonia), Mauritius and other tropical regions (Dassanayake, 1995). It has been introduced as a crop (Vos, 2004) and as an ornamental in tropical countries (EPPO, 2019). It has escaped from cultivation and is naturalized in some of the introduced areas. L. glutinosa has many uses in its area of origin as well as in some of its areas of introduction (ISSG, 2015). It is used principally as a binder for tablet formulations, and in the incense stick industry (Ramana and Raju, 2017). L. glutinosa is considered invasive in South Africa, where it is declared an invader plant (Henderson, 2001) and in the Indian Ocean (MacDonald et al., 1991; ISSG, 2015; PIER, 2019) on the islands of Mauritius (Mauritius Island and Rodrigues Island) (PIER, 2019) and Mayotte (Vos, 2004; ISSG, 2015; PIER, 2019). Jacq et al. (2005) do not consider L. glutinosa to be invasive globally, and ISSG (2015) considers it a small tree with high invasion potential, displacing native plant species in disturbed environments, although there is no evidence yet of its impact. It is classified by the IUCN (2019) as a species of Least Concern.