bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure to Advance Access to Kidney Transplantation over Two Decades in the United States
Authors: Schold Jesse D. , Mohan Sumit , Huml Anne , Buccini Laura D. , Sedor John R. , Augustine Joshua J. , Poggio Emilio D. 
Published: February 2021

Significance Statement
There have been numerous research studies and policies developed to improve access to kidney transplantation among patients with ESKD over past decades. In this retrospective cohort study, the authors evaluated the longitudinal pattern of rates of placement on the transplant waiting list and transplantation among the ESKD population, as well as whether patterns were consistent in the population or varied among patient groups with historically low rates of access to transplantation. The study’s primary findings indicated no improvement in the incidence of placement on the transplant waiting list over a two-decade period from 1997 to 2016. In addition, rates of wait list placement and transplantation were consistently reduced among vulnerable populations. These results indicate that more effective interventions are needed to improve access to transplantation in the United States.

Background
Extensive research and policies have been developed to improve access to kidney transplantation among patients with ESKD. Despite this, wide variation in transplant referral rates exists between dialysis facilities.

Methods
To evaluate the longitudinal pattern of access to kidney transplantation over the past two decades, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with ESKD initiating ESKD or placed on a transplant waiting list from 1997 to 2016 in the United States Renal Data System. We used cumulative incidence models accounting for competing risks and multivariable Cox models to evaluate time to waiting list placement or transplantation (WLT) from ESKD onset.

Results
Among the study population of 1,309,998 adult patients, cumulative 4-year WLT was 29.7%, which was unchanged over five eras. Preemptive WLT (prior to dialysis) increased by era (5.2% in 1997–2000 to 9.8% in 2013–2016), as did 4-year WLT incidence among patients aged 60–70 (13.4% in 1997–2000 to 19.8% in 2013–2016). Four-year WLT incidence diminished among patients aged 18–39 (55.8%–48.8%). Incidence of WLT was substantially lower among patients in lower-income communities, with no improvement over time. Likelihood of WLT after dialysis significantly declined over time (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.79 to 0.82) in 2013–2016 relative to 1997–2000.

Conclusions
Despite wide recognition, policy reforms, and extensive research, rates of WLT following ESKD onset did not seem to improve in more than two decades and were consistently reduced among vulnerable populations. Improving access to transplantation may require more substantial interventions.
Efficiency of wound dressing made of powder cotton cellulose
Authors: Ksembaev S S , Nesterov O V , Khafizova L N 
Published: February 2021

Aim. To study the effectiveness of a wound dressing made of powdered cotton cellulose for open surgical wounds in the oral cavity.
Methods. The effectiveness of a wound dressing made of powdered cotton cellulose during vestibuloplasty was assessed based on clinical indicators. The study included 197 children aged 812 years (boys 91, girls 106), divided into 2 groups the main group (100 children treated with powdered cotton cellulose wound dressing) and the comparison group (97 children, treated with a surgical gauze dressing). The number of children in clinical groups was determined by the copy-pair method. The dynamics of the postoperative period was assessed according to traditional clinical indicators (the presence of pain, inflammatory edema, hematomas, healing time, etc.). The severity of general and local clinical signs was determined by using the system of its assessment in points developed by us. Differences were considered significant at p 0.05.
Results. In the postoperative period, the patients of the main group had no complications in contrast to the patients of the comparison group, who had pronounced edema and hematomas of the soft tissues of the chin, edema and hyperemia of the displaced flap. Changes in clinical signs severity in points also prevailed in the comparison group (p 0.001). The surgical wound showed complete epithelialization after 11.40.7 days in the main group and after 13.50.9 days in the comparison group. The reduction in the duration of treatment was 2.10.8 days.
Conclusion. When using a wound dressing made of powdered cotton cellulose, the wound is protected from the aggressive environment of the mouth, including microflora, food debris, etc., which excludes the possibility of its secondary infection; there is no pain, postoperative inflammatory edema and hematomas; the surgical wound healing time is reduced; there are no contraindications, no side and allergic reactions.
Age-related characteristic of human intervertebral discs from normal anatomy’s point of view
Authors: Makarova V V , Volchihin M V 
Published: February 2021

Aim. To compare morphological characteristics between anterior and posterior parts of human intervertebral discs, taking into account age.
Methods. Fragments of 36 intervertebral discs C5C6, D5D6, L5S1 anterior parts taken from deceased persons aged 34 to 94 years, median age 61.0 (50.5; 71.8) years were examined. The comparison group consists of histopathological material obtained from 12 patients with radicular syndrome during planned L5S1 microdiscectomies aged 3577 years, median age 48.5 (43.0; 58.8) years. There were no statistically significant differences in age between the studied groups (p=0.126023). All materials were divided into subgroups depending on the age of the deceased/operated: 3452 and 6094 years for material obtained from the deceased; 3551 and 5877 years for material obtained after surgery. The differences between the three groups were examined by the KruskalWallis test, and quantitative indicators in the two groups were compared by MannWhitney U-test.
Results. In the anterior part of the intervertebral discs, signs of degenerative-dystrophic changes were noted in all studied samples. All samples of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus were fibrocartilage with no inflammation. Statistically significant differences (р=0.0283) were obtained in the number of isogenous groups of chondrocytes in intervertebral discs C5C6 anterior part compared with D5D6, L5S1 in individuals aged 3452. Age subgroups (3452 and 6094 years old) differed significantly (р=0.0219) in the number of single chondrocytes according to results of morphometry of anterior part of intervertebral discs L5S1. Anterior and posterior parts of intervertebral discs L5S1 differed statistically significant in the number of isogenous groups of chondrocytes when comparing the subgroup of operated patients aged 3551 years (р=0.008475) with the subgroup of deceased persons aged 3452 years and the subgroup of operated patients aged 5877 years (р=0.033753) with the subgroup of deceased aged 6094 years.
Conclusion. Anterior and posterior part of intervertebral discs L5S1 had similar qualitative histological characteristics; however, the number of isogenous groups of chondrocytes in the posterior part of intervertebral discs L5S1 samples indicated a greater effect of compression loading compared to anterior part of the same spinal motion segment.
Results of orthodontic treatment of a child with asymmetrical micrognathia and the congenital mandibular condylar hyperplasia
Authors: Ayupova F S , Khotko R A , Vinichenko E L , Lovlin V N 
Published: February 2021

Aim. To analyze the results of orthodontic treatment of a child with asymmetrical micrognathia and mandiblar condylar hyperplasia.
Methods. The configuration of a face in the photos was evaluated and diagnostic models of the jaws were analyzed by using the Ponts and Korkhaus methods in treatment dynamics. The physiological status of bone tissue, temporomandibular joints and teeth was studied by using orthopantomography and computed tomography. Functional disorders were detected by using special tests, including EschlerBittner's test and Ilyina-Markosyans test. Orthodontic treatment and stimulation of mandibular growth in the mixed dentition stage were undertaken with the single jaw removable appliances and the appliance improved by us for correction of the distal occlusion. The Damon Q bracket system with archwires was used in permanent dentition period.
Results. The child's convex facial profile was typical for distal occlusion and micrognathia. The facial asymmetry, increasing with mouth opening, and a decrease in mandibular range of motion indicated lesion of the right temporomandibular joint. The right condyle was enlarged on the orthopantomogram. The computed tomography showed that it was asymmetrically enlarged and had a cellular structure. There was detected asymmetric micrognathia. The comprehensive rehabilitation plan included orthodontic treatment, myotherapy, speech therapy, mechanotherapy. The use of removable orthodontic appliances led to the normal size of the dentition and their relation, significantly reduced functional disorders and improved facial aesthetics. Five years after completion of orthodontic treatment, the physiological occlusion and amplitude of the mandibular movements remained, but the right mandibular angle was flattened.
Conclusion. The comprehensive rehabilitation of a child with asymmetrical micrognathia and mandibular condylar hyperplasia started in mixed dentition stage provided conditions for the formation of normal permanent dentition and the improvement of functional disorders and facial aesthetics; our results allow us to suggest the positive effect of our tactics for treatment of the patient.
Assessment of Information Security Vulnerabilities in Common Seismological Equipment
Authors: Samios Michael , Evangelidis Christos P. , Serrelis Emmanouil 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Modern seismic and Global Navigation Satellite Systems stations are nowadays equipped with Internet of Things devices that acquire, process, and transmit various geophysical parameters in near-real time.
This technological advance has introduced a new threat paradigm for common seismological devices. Such threats can be assessed with standard information security methods and practices.
This article aims to identify security weaknesses, describe weak security points and potential attacks on such environments, and anticipate the countermeasures needed.
Real tests and attacks have been applied to demonstrate the lack of data encryption and user authentication processes, the risks posed by unencrypted communication protocols, unsafe practices regarding settings and passwords, and poor design implementations.
All these factors may impact and possibly disrupt the daily operation of seismic observatories because they can lead to falsifying data, altering configurations, or producing malicious false alarms. These in turn may cause unnecessary public concern or distrust, financial losses, or even national security issues. For all these reasons, several countermeasures and solutions are also proposed and evaluated to address each of the identified vulnerabilities.
The Most Devastating Earthquake in the Pannonian Basin: 28 June 1763 Komárom
Authors: Varga Péter , Győri Erzsébet , Timár Gábor 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The 1763 Komárom (now Komárno, Slovakia) earthquake was the biggest historical and recorded seismic event in the Pannonian basin in the last millennium. Contemporary documents including building damage reports from the towns of Komárom, Győr, and other locations, aftershock reports, liquefaction reports, and local surveys of taxpayers’ loss in villages are presented to build all available datasets to evaluate the effects of the quake. Damage in towns was recorded in detail only at the aforementioned two locations. However, the spatial distribution of shaking intensity can be inferred over a larger area from information obtained from other sources. Distributions of secondary environmental effects, aftershocks, and village damage show interesting spatial correlation among them and indicate that the epicenter may have been west of Komárom, north of the Danube River.
O feminismo na música “Por mais 3 horas” de Marília Mendonça
Authors: Maria Pereira do Sacramento Sandra , Da Silva Vanessa Roma 
Published: February 2021

<p>O presente artigo busca compreender a construção do discurso feminista na canção <em>Por Mais 3 Horas</em> interpretada por Marília Mendonça, considerando o gênero sertanejo como um dos mais populares e influentes no Brasil. A música em questão, aborda, em primeiro plano, o tema relacionamento casual sem intenção de matrimônio. A análise da mesma objetiva verificar a emancipação feminina contida na canção como forma de romper com o modelo patriarcal ainda vigente. Esse estudo é relevante para repensarmos de que forma a mulher é representada pela música sertaneja no atual cenário brasileiro.</p>
A (IN)ADEQUAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA TRIBUTÁRIA ADOTADA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL DA REGIÃO AMAZÔNICA
Authors: Miguel Luciano Costa , Da Silva Romeu Faria Thomé 
Published: February 2021

<div id="icpbravoaccess_loaded">Ante a relevância ambiental e geopolítica da Amazônia, o presente trabalho visa realizar uma análise crítica dos instrumentos tributários implementados na região amazônica com vistas a conciliar o desenvolvimento socioeconômico à preservação do rico bioma ali existente. Objetiva-se verificar se as políticas públicas fiscais aplicadas para o desenvolvimento econômico da região, por meio da atual configuração dos incentivos fiscais da Zona Franca de Manaus (ZFM), das atuais alíquotas e isenções do IPVA e da não instituição do ICMS ecológico, encontram-se ou não em consonância com os direitos sociais e ambientais. Conclui-se que a política tributária adotada na região é omissa em sua dimensão ambiental, pouco contribuindo para uma redução dos índices de desmatamento e para um desenvolvimento socioeconômico mais equilibrado. </div><div id="icpbravoaccess_loaded"> </div>
ESTADO PRISIONAL E POLÍTICA CARCERÁRIA NO PARÁ
Authors: Cardoso Luis Fernando Cardoso e , Reis Netto Roberto Magno , Gomes Herick Wendell Antônio José 
Published: February 2021

<p> Nas últimas décadas do século XX, o capitalismo passou por um novo momento. Houve uma reconfiguração do capital e das relações de classes e de trabalho, o que causou um aumento substancial do desemprego, da pobreza e da exclusão social, que, por sua vez, aumentou substancialmente a criminalidade. O presente estudo, nessa perspectiva, buscou investigar como o Estado prisional foi adotado como política de segurança pública no Brasil. Com base na análise de dados oficiais do Sistema Penal, verifica-se que se destinam consideráveis recursos financeiros ao encarceramento seletivo da população, em detrimento de ações previdenciárias e assistenciais, evidenciando-se que o Estado assumiu o encarceramento como uma das políticas de controle social.</p>
Exposición ocupacional a radiaciones ultravioleta UVA/UVB de los trabajadores agrícolas de la provincia de Cartago, Costa Rica
Authors: Araya-Solano Tannia , Arias-Monge Esteban , Robles-Ramírez Andrés , Villalobos-Rodríguez Ara 
Published: February 2021

La radiación ultravioleta constituye una fuente de riesgo para el sector agrícola; en Costa Rica no se han publicado datos sobre la exposición a este agente físico. Por tal motivo, se desarrolló una investigación exploratoria con dos asociaciones de agricultores ubicadas en la zona norte y El Guarco, en la provincia de Cartago, cuyo objetivo fue el de cuantificar el nivel de radiación ultravioleta al que se exponen los colaboradores de las zonas agrícolas, así como estimar la dosis eritema estándar y establecer una matriz para determinar el nivel de riesgo por exposición a la radiación solar. Las mediciones iniciaron en noviembre de 2015 y finalizaron en enero de 2017, en horario de 6:00 hasta las 15:00 horas aproximadamente, iniciando en noviembre de 2015 y finalizando en enero de 2017 ; se aplicaron métodos estadísticos como promedios ponderados, máximos, mínimos y desviación estándar de los datos obtenidos y una encuesta a los trabajadores para determinar el fototipo de piel y las zonas de esta más expuestas.
Los principales resultados mostraron que la irradiación mínima reportada fue de 1,9 W/cm2 y la máxima, de 160,9 W/cm2; los niveles promedio más altos se reportaron entre las 10:00 y las 13:00 horas. La época del año con mayor nivel de irradiación fue la seca, en la zona alta, con 167 W/cm2 como máximo. La dosis eritema estándar estuvo entre 2,3 SED y 9,8 SED, que sobrepasa lo recomendado por la Comisión Internacional de Iluminación (1,09 SED). El índice de radiación ultravioleta se encontró entre 8 y 12, clasificado como alto y muy alto. Bajo las condiciones descritas podría aumentar el riesgo para los colaboradores de las fincas agrícolas, de eritemas en la piel. Se planteó la matriz de riesgo por exposición, tomando en cuenta aspectos como tarea o puesto, altitud, época del año, nivel de irradiación, parte del cuerpo expuesta y fototipo de piel.
Diseño de un Plan Estratégico de Investigación y Extensión para la Escuela de Computación del TEC
Authors: Garita-Rodríguez César , Arroyo-Herrera Mauricio , González-Espinoza Manuel Enrique 
Published: February 2021

Actualmente las carreras de Computación en la Educación Superior enfrentan retos importantes relacionados con el ejercicio de la investigación y la extensión, como parte de las actividades sustantivas de toda universidad para responder a las necesidades sociales. Estos retos incluyen, por ejemplo, el desarrollo de competencias del recurso humano, la atracción de fondos y la creación de redes de colaboración internacionales. Para responder a ellos, es fundamental para las escuelas o unidades académicas contar con un plan estratégico de investigación y extensión, que contenga las principales metas, actividades e indicadores, para un periodo establecido. En este artículo se describe en detalle la metodología aplicada exitosamente por la Escuela de Computación del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica en el diseño de un plan estratégico quinquenal de investigación y extensión de forma eficaz y con resultados concretos. Esta metodología permitió trabajar en el diseño de manera democrática y acorde con el órgano consultivo, mediante la organización de un conjunto de etapas y actividades definidas, y puede resultar útil como referencia para otras escuelas de computación en Latinoamérica.
AlteraciÃ³n en los HÃ¡bitos del Consumidor Saltillense a Consecuencia del COVID-19
Authors: MÃ©ndez Wong Adriana , Villarreal Cavazos Juana Alicia , Aguilar GarcÃ©s Elizabeth Ana 
Published: February 2021

El estudio pretende indagar sobre la modificaciÃ³n en el comportamiento del consumidor saltillense debido a la contingencia por la epidemia del nuevo coronavirus COVID-19. El trabajo incluyÃ³ a 354 participantes adultos residentes en la Ciudad de Saltillo, Coahuila, MÃ©xico. La muestra estÃ¡ conformada por 195 mujeres, es decir, un 55.1% y 159 hombres lo que constituye un 44.9%. Se realiza un trabajo de tipo Cuantitativo, exploratorio, descriptivo y transversal no experimental. Las preguntas son categÃ³ricas y la escala de respuesta es tipo Likert del 1 al 7, validando un instrumento de 25 elementos obteniendo un Alfa de Cronbach .786. Con base en las variables analizadas se infiere que los saltillenses se han vuelto consumidores mÃ¡s racionales, prefiriendo alimentos caseros, cuidando sus gastos, preocupÃ¡ndose por el futuro y extraÃ±ando la experiencia de comprar en tiendas fÃ­sicas favoreciendo las ventas por internet y el servicio a domicilio. Y concluye que existe un nuevo perfil de consumidor no solo en Saltillo, sino a nivel mundial, que procura el bienestar en su salud, modificando hÃ¡bitos alimenticios y conductuales adaptÃ¡ndose a esta nueva normalidad.

The study aims to investigate the modification in the behavior of the Saltillo consumer due to the contingency caused by the epidemic of the new coronavirus COVID-19. The work included 354 adult participants residing in the City of Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. The sample is made up of 195 women, that is, 55.1% and 159 men, which constitutes 44.9%. A quantitative, exploratory, descriptive and non-experimental cross-sectional work is carried out. The questions are categorical and the response scale is Likert type from 1 to 7, validating an instrument of 25 elements obtaining a Cronbach's Alpha .786. Based on the variables analyzed, it can be inferred that the people of Saltillo have become more rational consumers, preferring homemade foods, taking care of their expenses, worrying about the future and missing the experience of buying in physical stores, favoring internet sales and home delivery. And it concludes that there is a new consumer profile not only in Saltillo, but also worldwide, which seeks the well-being in their health, modifying eating and behavioral habits, adapting to this new normal.
Sistemas de InformaciÃ³n de Marketing Integral: Factores que Contribuye a Mejorar el DesempeÃ±o de las MIPyMES
Authors: Torres Margarita RamÃ­rez , Estrada Isaac Cruz , Miranda Zavala Ana MarÃ­a 
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo de investigaciÃ³n tiene como objetivo mostrar los factores de los Sistemas de InformaciÃ³n de Marketing integral que contribuyen a mejorar el desempeÃ±o de las MIPyMES basada en la comunicaciÃ³n organizacional. Para la realizaciÃ³n del estudio se entrevistaron a 385 dueÃ±os de MIPyMES; los datos recopilados se analizaron mediante mÃ©todo de estadÃ­stica inferencial de componentes principales. Como resultados, se obtuvo los factores del entorno interno, entre los que se encuentran el intercambio de informaciÃ³n de marketing en la empresa, el conocimiento del cliente y las acciones de estratÃ©gicas de marketing; siendo el factor con mayor impacto la relaciÃ³n directa entre el personal de marketing y las Ã¡reas operativas para la creaciÃ³n de productos y servicios en beneficio del consumidor y las MIPyMES.

The present research work aims to show the factors of comprehensive Marketing Information Systems that improve the performance of MIPyMES based on organizational communication. To carry out the study, 385 owners of MIPyMES were interviewed; the collected data were analyzed using the principal component inferential statistics method. As results, the factors of the internal environment were obtained, among which are the exchange of marketing information in the company, knowledge of the client and strategic marketing actions; the factor with the greatest impact being the direct relationship between marketing personnel and operational areas for the creation of products and services for the benefit of the consumer and MSMEs.