bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Deep Geothermal Exploration Drillings in the Crystalline Basement of the Fennoscandian Shield Border Zone in South Sweden.
Authors: Rosberg Jan-Erik , Erlström Mikael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The 3.1 and 3.7 km deep FFC-1 and DGE-1 geothermal explorations wells drilled into the Precambrian crystalline basement on the southern margin of the Fennoscandian Shield are evaluated regarding experiences from drilling, geological conditions, and thermal properties. Both wells penetrate an approximately two-kilometre-thick succession of sedimentary strata before entering the crystalline basement, of granitoid gneiss, metabasite and amphibolite of the (1.1–0.9 Ga) Eastern Interior Sveconorwegian Province. The upper c. 400 m of the basement is in FFC-1 severely fractured and water-bearing which disqualified the use of percussion air drilling and conventional rotary drilling was therefore performed for the rest of the borehole. The evaluation of the rotary drillings in FFC-1 and DGE-1 gave that the average bit life was very similar, 62 m respectively 68 m as well as an average ROP between 2 and 4 m/h without any preferences regarding bit-type (PDC or TCI) or geology. A bottomhole temperature of 84.1 °C in FFC-1 borehole with gradients varying between 17.4 °C/km and 23.5 °C/km for the main part of the borehole. The calculated heat flow varies between 51 and 66 mW/m2 and the average heat production is 3.0 µW/m3. The basement is in FFC-1 overall depleted of uranium and thorium in comparison to DGE-1 where the heat productivity is overall higher with an average of 5.8 µW/m3. The spatial distribution of fractures was successfully mapped using borehole imaging logs in FFC-1 and shows a dominance of N–S oriented open fractures, a fracture frequency varying between 0.85 and 2.49 frac/m and a fracture volumetric density between 1.68 and 3.39 m2/m3. The evaluation of the two boreholes provides insight and new empirical data on the thermal properties and fracturing of the concealed crystalline basement in the Fennoscandian Shield Border Zone that previously only been assessed by assumptions and modelling. The outcome of the drilling operation has also provided insight regarding the drilling performance of the basement and statistical data on various drill bits used. Properties and experiences which are all important in feasibility studies of deep geothermal project in the crystalline basement in south Sweden.
Autism and Chronic Ill Health: An Observational Study of Symptoms and Diagnoses of Central Sensitivity Syndromes in Autistic Adults
Authors: Grant Sarah Louise , Norton Sam , Weiland Ricarda F. , Scheeren Anke M. , Begeer Sander , Hoekstra Rosa A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Autistic adults, particularly women, are more likely to experience chronic ill health than the general population. Central sensitivity syndromes (CSS) are a group of related conditions that are thought to include an underlying sensitisation of the central nervous system; heightened sensory sensitivity is a common feature. Anecdotal evidence suggests autistic adults may be more prone to developing a CSS. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of CSS diagnoses and symptoms in autistic adults, and to explore whether CSS symptoms were related to autistic traits, mental health, sensory sensitivity, or sex. MethodsParticipants included 982 autistic adults (male = 409, female = 563, other = 9, mean age = 44.5) registered at the Netherlands Autism Register, who completed questionnaires assessing autistic traits, sensory sensitivity, CSS, physical and mental health symptoms. The reliability and validity of the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) in an autistic sample was established using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Chi2 analyses, independent t-tests, ANOVA, hierarchical regression analysis and path analysis were used to analyse relationships between CSS symptoms, autistic traits, measures of mental health and wellbeing, sensory sensitivity, age and assigned sex. Results21% of participants reported one or more CSS diagnoses, and 60% scored at or above the clinical cut-off for a CSS. Nonbinary and female autistics were more likely to report a CSS diagnosis and experienced more CSS symptoms than males. Sensory sensitivity, anxiety, age and sex were significant predictors of CSS symptoms, with sensory sensitivity and anxiety fully mediating the relationship between autistic traits and CSS symptoms. Limitations Although this study included a large sample of autistic adults, we did not have a control group or a CSS only group. ConclusionsCSS diagnoses and symptoms appear to be very common in the autistic population. Increased awareness of an association between autism and CSS should inform clinicians and guide diagnostic practice, particularly for females where CSS is common and autism under recognised.
[[EQUATION]]-optimal Designs for Hierarchical Linear Models: an Equivalence Theorem and a Nature-inspired Meta-heuristic Algorithm
Authors: Liu Xin , Yue RongXian , Zhang Zizhao , Wong Weng Kee 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hierarchical linear models are widely used in many research disciplines and estimation issues for such models are generally well addressed. Design issues are relatively much less discussed for hierarchical linear models but there is an increasing interest as these models grow in popularity. This paper discusses [[EQUATION]] -optimality for predicting individual parameters in such models and establishes an equivalence theorem for confirming the [[EQUATION]] -optimality of an approximate design. Because the criterion is non-differentiable and requires solving multiple nested optimization problems, it is much harder to find and study [[EQUATION]] -optimal designs analytically. We propose a nature-inspired meta-heuristic algorithm called competitive swarm optimizer (CSO) to generate [[EQUATION]] -optimal designs for linear mixed models with different means and covariance structures. We further demonstrate that CSO is flexible and generally effective for finding the widely used locally [[EQUATION]] -optimal designs for nonlinear models with multiple interacting factors and some of the random effects are correlated. Our numerical results for a few examples suggest that [[EQUATION]] and [[EQUATION]] -optimal designs may be equivalent and we establish that [[EQUATION]] and [[EQUATION]] -optimal designs for hierarchical linear models are equivalent when the models have only a random intercept only. The challenging mathematical question whether their equivalence applies more generally to other hierarchical models remains elusive.
Occupational Therapy in the Process of Recovering from Severe Mental Disorder
Authors: Valverde-Bolivar Efrén , Simonelli-Muñoz Agustín Javier , Rivera-Caravaca José Miguel , Gallego-Gómez Juana Inés , González-Moro María Teresa Rodríguez , García-Arenas José J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Severe mental disorder (SMD) produces a significant functional limitation that affects the performance of daily activities. This limitation is where the occupational therapist intervenes by seeking greater autonomy of these patients through specific activities. This study aims to identify the main limitations of people with SMD and see whether an occupational intervention has any effect in helping to overcome or ameliorate these limitations.Method An experimental study consisting of 103 subjects was carried out, where an evaluation was given before and after the intervention. The tool used is called the WHODAS questionnaire included in the DSM 5.Results Within the programming of activities, those with a higher attendance rating during cognitive stimulation, cooking workshop, therapeutic walks, relaxation, and creative activities were mainly men. The results showed that both patients and professionals indicated that Understanding and Communicating, Participation in Society, and Activities of Daily Living were the main perceived limitations. Upon discharge, both patients and professionals saw positive outcomes. Conclusion The intervention programs carried out by Occupational Therapy, along with the other aspects of the treatment that the patients with SMI have received, have played a part in improving the performance and occupational interests of the patients.
Online teaching and learning during COVID era: Medical students’ feedback and their perspectives
Authors: Bhandari Bharti , Chopra Deepti , Mavai Manisha , Verma Ranjana , Gupta Rakesh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose

The Nationwide lockdown due to COVID-19 has prompted medical faculty all across Indian sub-continent to start online classes, with no prior sensitization and experience. This study was planned to assess the perceptions of medical students on online teaching.
Methods

The data was collected from medical students across India, through an anonymous online survey. Their feedback and perceptions regarding online teaching were recorded and analyzed.
Results

Of the 1256 complete responses received, > 60% of the students reported online lectures to be less interesting, less interactive and less engaging.They disagreed that online learning gives stronger sense of community among students and are capable of replacing the traditional didactic lecture format but were of the opinion that online learning encourages medical students to exert greater control over their learning by allowing flexibility over content and pace.The majority of students felt online teaching is a better opportunity for introvert students to express themselves through chat messages and it requires more self-direction and discipline.
Conclusion

The results showed that students were not much satisfied with online teaching. The possible reason could be lack of awareness of faculty about the available online teaching-learning strategies. To make online teaching more interesting and interactive, medical educators should more often engage in E-learning in an effort to come up with innovative approaches to train medical students.Teachers must undergo faculty development training to learn the use of technology in teaching. Students should also be sensitized on the various online tools available for learning and assessment.
Effect of Aftershock Characteristics on the Fragility Curve of Post-Mainshock RC Frames
Authors: Massumi Ali , Sadeghi Kabir , Ghojoghi Omid 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Buildings constructed in seismic zones are not only damaged by mainshocks but may also be damaged by the impact of aftershocks and cause them to collapse. Therefore, studying the behavior of the damaged structures due to the mainshock and aftershock helps in post-mainshock decision making and also in the selection of suitable aftershock records for seismic assessing of the structure under earthquake sequences. This paper presents the effects of aftershock ground motion on the collapse capacity of post-mainshock buildings. The mean period (Tm), predominant velocity period (Tg), frequency bandwidth (Ω), the 5%-95% significant duration (Ds) and seismic records of different sites were selected to evaluate the effect of its characteristics on the collapse capacity of buildings. The intensity of the ground motions was determined by the first-mode spectral acceleration with 5% damping. Collapse capacities of two non-ductile reinforced concrete (RC) frames with 3 and 6 stories were evaluated using a set of 62 aftershock records with a wide range of characteristics. Box plot collapse diagrams and fragility curves have been developed by applying the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). The results show that in the frequency content with a longer period, the probability of its collapse is higher. In addition, the high significant duration of aftershocks increases the collapse probability of structures. Also, the evaluation of the site characteristics shows differences in collapse capacities of the same frames in varying sites. Therefore, the effect of aftershock characteristics on the capacity of the structures is significant and it is necessary to carefully determine the seismic sequences’ recordings for the evaluation of the seismic behavior of the structures.
A Randomized Non-Inferiority Study of Low-dose and Standard-dose Ticagrelor After Intervention for Acute Coronary Syndrome : Study Protocol for the TIGER STUDY
Authors: Pang Yanan , Ma Minglu , Wang Dong , Wu Hongyi , Hu Wei , Wang Zhibing , Chen Yan , Wu Sicheng , Ge Junbo , Hou Lei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend that patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who have successfully undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) should continue to use dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for 12 months. The long-term use of standard-dose dual antiplatelet therapy will increase the risk of bleeding. An optimized antiplatelet strategy that can prevent ischemic events and reduce the risk of bleeding remains to be explored.MethodsThe study is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled study involving 2120 patients from six clinical centers in China. Through the Interactive Web Response System (IWRS), ACS patients undergoing successful PCI will be randomly divided into the low-dose ticagrelor group or the normal-dose ticagrelor group, after taking 100 mg aspirin and 90 mg ticagrelor bid for 1 week. The primary endpoint is a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, repeat revascularization, stroke, and bleeding events of grade 2 or higher according to Bleeding Academic Research Consortium [BARC] criteria at one year. The secondary endpoints are bleeding events of grade 2 or higher according to Bleeding Academic Research Consortium [BARC] criteria at one year.DiscussionRecent studies have confirmed that 90 mg ticagrelor alone can safely and effectively reduce bleeding without increasing ischemic events of patients with ACS after PCI. Compared with standard-dose DAPT, whether low-dose ticagrelor combined with aspirin can ensure the anti-ischemic effect while reducing the bleeding risk remains unclear in Chinese patients.The Tiger study will be the first large-scale, multicenter study to compare the efficacy and safety of low-dose and standard-dose ticagrelor combined with aspirin in ACS patients one week after successful PCI.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov, NCT04255602. Registered on 5 February 2020.
Variability of faecal sludge characteristics and its implication for dewaterability across different on-site sanitation containments in unplanned settlements in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Doglas Benjamin , Kimwaga Richard , Mayo Aloyce 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article evaluates the physical-chemical parameters of Faecal Sludge (FS) as possible predictors of dewatering performances. Also, the variability of FS dewatering characteristics was assessed from different containments and in different seasons in relationship with dewatering performance. A total of 120 samples were collected and analyzed during the rainy and dry seasons in April and July 2019, respectively, to capture seasonal variability. FS from pit latrines (PT) took longer to dewater followed by mixer containments, while soak-away sludge (SO) took a relatively short time to dewater. Also, FS from PT was found to have a high amount of settled solids, hence high % of TS in dry cakes. Slow dewatering and turbid supernatant corresponded to high pH, electrical conductivity and total solids, but cake solids after dewatering were correlated with total solids of FS. The FS dewaterability was higher for SO (DI = 0.9) and least for PT (DI = 0.3). Seasonal variability of FS dewaterability within the containments was higher for PT (DI = 0.74) and least for SO (DI = 0.5). Planning of FS treatment plants including sizing and design for effective dewatering performance, variation of physical-chemical dewatering predictors in sources and season could provide a relatively low-cost way to predict dewatering performance.
Functionalized Homologues and Positional Isomers of Rabbit 15-
Lipoxygenase RS75091 Inhibitor
Authors: Zhuravlev Alexander , Golovanov Alexey , Toporkov Valery , Kuhn Hartmut , Ivanov Igor 
Published: June 2021

Background:
RS75091 is a cinnamic acid derivative that has been used for the crystallization
of the rabbit ALOX15-inhibitor complex. The atomic coordinates of the resolved ALOX15-
inhibitor complex were later on used to define the binding sites of other mammalian lipoxygenase
orthologs, for which no direct structural data with ligand has been reported so far.

Introduction:
The putative binding pocket of the human ALOX5 was reconstructed on the basis of
its structural alignment with rabbit ALOX15-RS75091 inhibitor. However, considering the possible
conformational changes the enzyme may undergo in solution, it remains unclear whether the existing
models adequately mirror the architecture of ALOX5 active site.

Methods:
In this study, we prepared a series of RS75091 derivatives using a Sonogashira coupling
reaction of regioisomeric bromocinnamates with protected acetylenic alcohols and tested their inhibitory
properties on rabbit ALOX15.

Results:
A bulky pentafluorophenyl moiety linked to either ortho- or metha-ethynylcinnamates via
aliphatic spacer does not significantly impair the inhibitory properties of RS75091.

Conclusion:
Hydroxylated 2- and 3-alkynylcinnamates may be suitable candidates for incorporation
of an aromatic linker group like tetrafluorophenylazides for photoaffinity labeling assays.
A Study on Privacy Preservation of Medical Certificates Using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Rupa Ch. , Chakkaravarthy Divya Midhun 
Published: June 2021

:
Currently, blockchain technology has evolved into a reliable and secure platform to provide
security for the data. This technology's main adoption areas are agriculture, supply chain, food
sector, energy industries, Health care, Real estate, Voting system, and education sector. This paper
reviewed existing related works and applications using blockchain technology. Forgery or fraud on
medical documents is a significant challenge in the health care sector. Hence this paper proposed a
Blockchain-based framework using Ehterum that is a public blockchain. Users required medical
documents generated and issued by officials authentically in the way of a unique blockchain-based
ID. Users can submit this Blockchain-based ID anywhere instead of a physical paper. Attacks or
forgery on the medical document can reduce using advanced featured technology, Blockchain.
Blockchain technology has the features such as immutable, distributive, secure, reliable, and transparent.
Remix Etherum IDE, solidity programming, and Metamask Wallet were used to implement
the proposed application. The main strength of this work is designing and deploying results and
comparisons with the existing applications.
Feature Selection Techniques for the Analysis of Discriminative Features in Temporal and Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: A Comparative Study
Authors: Abbaszadeh Behrooz , Teixeira Cesar Alexandre Domingues , Yagoub Mustapha C.E. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Because about 30% of epileptic patients suffer from refractory epilepsy, an efficient automatic seizure prediction tool is in great demand to improve their life quality.

Methods:
In this work, time-domain discriminating preictal and interictal features were efficiently extracted from the intracranial electroencephalogram of twelve patients, i.e., six with temporal and six with frontal lobe epilepsy. The performance of three types of feature selection methods was compared using Matthews’s correlation coefficient (MCC).

Results:
Kruskal Wallis, a non-parametric approach, was found to perform better than the other approaches due to a simple and less resource consuming strategy as well as maintaining the highest MCC score. The impact of dividing the electroencephalogram signals into various sub-bands was investigated as well. The highest performance of Kruskal Wallis may suggest considering the importance of univariate features like complexity and interquartile ratio (IQR), along with autoregressive (AR) model parameters and the maximum (MAX) cross-correlation to efficiently predict epileptic seizures.

Conclusion:
The proposed approach has the potential to be implemented on a low power device by considering a few simple time domain characteristics for a specific sub-band. It should be noted that, as there is not a great deal of literature on frontal lobe epilepsy, the results of this work can be considered promising.
Using Electronic Medical Record Data for Research in a Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) Analytics Electronic Medical Record Adoption Model (EMRAM) Stage 7 Hospital in Beijing: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Li Rui , Niu Yue , Scott Sarah Robbins , Zhou Chu , Lan Lan , Liang Zhigang , Li Jia 
Published: June 2021

Background
With the proliferation of electronic medical record (EMR) systems, there is an increasing interest in utilizing EMR data for medical research; yet, there is no quantitative research on EMR data utilization for medical research purposes in China.

Objective
This study aimed to understand how and to what extent EMR data are utilized for medical research purposes in a Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) Analytics Electronic Medical Record Adoption Model (EMRAM) Stage 7 hospital in Beijing, China. Obstacles and issues in the utilization of EMR data were also explored to provide a foundation for the improved utilization of such data.

Methods
For this descriptive cross-sectional study, cluster sampling from Xuanwu Hospital, one of two Stage 7 hospitals in Beijing, was conducted from 2016 to 2019. The utilization of EMR data was described as the number of requests, the proportion of requesters, and the frequency of requests per capita. Comparisons by year, professional title, and age were conducted by double-sided chi-square tests.

Results
From 2016 to 2019, EMR data utilization was poor, as the proportion of requesters was 5.8% and the frequency was 0.1 times per person per year. The frequency per capita gradually slowed and older senior-level staff more frequently used EMR data compared with younger staff.

Conclusions
The value of using EMR data for research purposes is not well studied in China. More research is needed to quantify to what extent EMR data are utilized across all hospitals in Beijing and how these systems can enhance future studies. The results of this study also suggest that young doctors may be less exposed or have less reason to access such research methods.