bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathways to prejudice and outgroup hostility: Group alignment and intergroup conflict among football fans
Authors: White Fiona A. , Newson Martha , Verrelli Stefano , Whitehouse Harvey 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHow do different forms of group alignment influence our attitudes toward outgroups? To answer this, the current fieldwork study explored how identification and identity fusion differentially impact outgroup anxiety, prejudice, and hostility toward rival football fan supporter groups in Australia. The community participants (N = 100) were members of two active fan groups who had experienced a history of intergroup tensions. The findings from the full path model confirmed that the predictor group alignment variables of identification and fusion were correlated, and the two outcome variables of outgroup prejudice and hostility were correlated, as predicted. The findings also revealed that fusion with one's club predicted outgroup hostility, but not prejudice, whereas identification with one's club predicted outgroup prejudice, but not hostility. Additionally, outgroup anxiety was found to significantly mediate the relationship between ingroup identification and outgroup prejudice, whereas a similar relationship was not found for fusion. These findings highlight the differential impact of group alignment (i.e., identification and identity fusion) on social constructs of outgroup anxiety, prejudice, and hostility. Empirically, this is the first study to demonstrate the workings of these distinct group alignment pathways in an applied setting involving hard‐core football fans. We discuss the broader implications of these findings for a fuller understanding of the drivers of intergroup tensions and conflict.
The energy and nutritional content of snacks sold at supermarkets and coffee shops in the UK
Authors: Marty Lucile , Evans Rebecca , Sheen Florence , Humphreys Gabrielle , Jones Andrew , Boyland Emma , Robinson Eric 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSnacking is associated with a higher daily energy intake and dietary guidelines recommend snacks of no more than 200 kcal for adults and 100 kcal for children. The present study examines the energy content, nutritional quality and price of single‐serving snack food products sold by major supermarket and coffee shop chains in the UK.MethodsEnergy content, nutritional content and price of single‐serving snack products were recorded in 2019 via the websites of 14 major chains (seven supermarkets; seven coffee shops).ResultsThe mean energy content of all eligible snack products (n = 2283) was 186 kcal [95% confidence interval (CI) = 182–190]. The mean energy content of the snack products sold at coffee shops (n = 379; 282 kcal [95% CI = 269–295]) was significantly higher than the energy content of the snack products sold at supermarkets (n = 1904; 167 kcal [95% CI = 164–170]). Seventy nine % of supermarket snacks exceeded energy recommendations for children and 32% for adults. In coffee shops, 91% exceeded recommendations for children and 73% for adults. Forty one % of snacks were high in fat, 42% were high in saturated fat, 39% were high in sugar and 7% were high in salt. Cheaper snack products were more likely to be of lower nutritional quality.ConclusionsThe high proportion of snack products that do not meet public health recommendations for energy content may contribute to the association between snacking and increased energy intake. Public health measures to increase the availability and reduce the price of snack products that meet public health energy content recommendations may reduce population‐level obesity.
Temporal augmentation using autologous fat grafting in Chinese women: Effect on temporal hairline
Authors: Diao Zhiyong , Han Xuefeng , Zhang Xinyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundTemporal hollowing causes an old and gaunt appearance. An inward curve of the temporal hairline adds to the severity of temporal hollowing, which is visually exacerbated by the dark‐colored hairline in most Chinese women. Whether temporal augmentation using autologous fat grafting (AFG) is effective for correcting an inwardly curved temporal hairline remains unclear.AimsTo assess the effect of temporal augmentation using AFG on the temporal hairline.MethodsForty‐six women with an inward‐curved temporal hairline, who underwent temporal augmentation using AFG, were recruited. The preoperative and postoperative severity of temporal hollowing was evaluated, and anthropometric measurements regarding the temporal hairline were performed on photographs taken in the frontal and lateral views. Subject satisfaction and incidence of complications were documented.ResultsA slight increase in forehead width was observed. The minimal forehead width and minimal forehead width/forehead width ratio were increased. The width, depth, and height of the temporal peak were all increased as well, indicating that the previously inwardly oriented temporal peak was shifted slightly outward, upward, and backward after augmentation.ConclusionAutologous fat grafting satisfactorily smoothened the temporal hairline without excessively increasing forehead width in subjects with temporal hollowing and an inward‐curved temporal hairline.
Men’s experiences and need for targeted support after termination of pregnancy for foetal anomaly: A qualitative study
Authors: Obst Kate Louise , Due Clemence , Oxlad Melissa , Middleton Philippa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore men's experiences of termination of pregnancy for life‐limiting foetal anomaly, including how healthcare providers, systems and policies can best support men and their families.BackgroundWhile there is a sizable body of research and recommendations relating to women's experiences of grief and support needs following a termination of pregnancy for foetal anomaly, very few studies specifically examine men's experiences.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were completed with ten Australian men who had experienced termination of pregnancy for life‐limiting foetal anomalies with a female partner between six months and 11 years ago. Interviews were completed over the telephone, and data were analysed using thematic analysis. COREQ guidelines were followed.ResultsThematic analysis resulted in the identification of three over‐arching themes, each with two sub‐themes. First, participants described the decision to terminate their pregnancy as The most difficult choice, with two sub‐themes detailing ‘Challenges of decision‐making’ and ‘Stigma surrounding TOPFA’. Second, participants described that they were Neither patient, nor visitor in the hospital setting, with sub‐themes ‘Where do men fit?’ and ‘Dual need to support and be supported’. Finally, Meet me where I am described men's need for specific supports, including the sub‐themes ‘Contact men directly’ and ‘Tailor support and services’.ConclusionsFindings indicated that termination of pregnancy for life‐limiting foetal anomaly (TOPFA) is an extremely difficult experience for men, characterised by challenges in decision‐making and perceived stigma. Men felt overlooked by current services and indicated that they need specific support to assist with their grief. Expansion of existing infrastructure and future research should acknowledge the central role of fathers and support them in addressing their grief following TOPFA.Relevance to clinical practiceNursing/midwifery professionals are well situated to provide men with tailored information and to promote genuine inclusion, acknowledgement of their grief, and facilitate referrals to community supports.
Daytime and nighttime smartphone use: A study of associations between multidimensional smartphone behaviours and sleep among 24,856 Danish adults
Authors: Dissing Agnete Skovlund , Andersen Thea Otte , Nørup Liv Nielsen , Clark Alice , Nejsum Miriam , Rod Naja Hulvej 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe around‐the‐clock smartphone use and its relation to disturbed sleep is a public health concern. The present study aimed to quantify the effects of different dimensions of smartphone behaviours (frequency of daytime use, problematic use, use before sleep and use during the sleep period) on disturbed sleep (sleep quality and sleep quantity) and to disentangle their inter‐relationship in a large population‐based sample of 24,856 Danish adults aged ≥16 years. Data come from the SmartSleep Experiment, which is a web‐based survey carried out using a citizen science approach. Tested items were used to evaluate smartphone use and disturbed sleep was evaluated with the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire (KSQ). Linear and multinomial logistic regression was employed to evaluate the relationship between smartphone use and disturbed sleep. While several of the smartphone measures were associated with disturbed sleep when assessed individually, smartphone use during the sleep period was the only dimension consistently associated with disturbed sleep when assessed independently of other smartphone behaviours. Weekly smartphone use during the sleep period versus no use was associated on average with a 0.96 point higher score (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90–1.02) on the 5‐point KSQ scale, and a higher risk of both short (odds ratio [OR] 1.32, 95% CI 1.08–1.62) and long (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.63–2.32) sleep duration. Smartphone use during the sleep period is the factor strongest associated to disturbed sleep relative to other dimensions of smartphone use. Recommendations around smartphone use during the sleep period are warranted in order to protect the fundamentally important biological and mental processes of sleep.
Geography Scholarship, scholarship and thinking
Authors: Calderwood Richard , Chalmers Lex 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe take a broad approach to thinking geographically, but a narrower view on the point at which thinking geographically is critically evaluated and assessed in our education system. The Scholarship Assessment Specification attracted our interest. The Scholarship is offered as the capstone assessment of a 3‐year Geography programme in New Zealand secondary education. We describe the institutions, actors and formats of Geography Scholarship. Our purpose is to promote thinking and scholarship as an integral part of the intellectual development of Geographers in contemporary education and beyond. Our concluding comments outline some of the options we think are available to Scholarship candidates and geography teachers.
Spurring Economic Growth through Human Development: Research Results and Guidance for Policymakers
Authors: Bloom David E. , Khoury Alex , Kufenko Vadim , Prettner Klaus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEducation, general health, and reproductive health are key indicators of human development. Investments in these domains can also promote economic growth. This paper argues for human development–related investments based on (1) a theoretical economic growth model with poverty traps, (2) a literature review of evidence that different human development–related investments can promote growth, and (3) own empirical analyses of 1980–2015 data that aim to estimate the relative contribution of different human development indicators to economic growth across heterogeneous growth regimes. Our results suggest the following associations: (1) a one‐child decrease in the total fertility rate corresponds to a 2 percentage point (pp) increase in annual per capita gross domestic product (GDP) growth in the short run (five years) and 0.5 pp higher annual growth in the mid‐run to long run (35 years), (2) a 10 percent increase in life expectancy at birth corresponds to a 1 pp increase in annual per capita GDP growth in the short run and 0.4 pp higher growth in the mid‐run to long run, and (3) a one‐year increase in average educational attainment corresponds to a 0.7 pp increase in annual growth in the short run and 0.3 pp higher growth in the mid‐run to long run. By contrast, infrastructure proxies are not significantly associated with subsequent growth in any of the models estimated.
Aphid‐borne viruses infecting cultivated watermelon and squash in Spain: Characterization of a variant of cucurbit aphid‐borne yellows virus (CABYV)
Authors: Rabadán M. Pilar , Juárez Miguel , De Moya‐Ruiz Celia , Gómez Pedro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAphid‐borne viruses are responsible for major cucurbit diseases and hamper the sustainability of crop production. Systematic monitoring can reveal the occurrence and distribution of these viruses, in addition to unadvertised viruses, facilitating the control of diseases. For three consecutive (2018–2020) seasons, the presence of aphid‐borne viruses was monitored from a total of 292 samples of watermelon and squash plants that showed yellowing symptoms in three major cucurbit‐producing areas (Castilla La‐Mancha, Alicante, and Murcia) in Spain. We observed that cucurbit aphid‐borne yellows virus (CABYV) was the most common virus found (29%) in the plants from both crops. Likewise, except for squash samples from Castilla La‐Mancha and Alicante, watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) was also found (23%) with a relatively high frequency. Furthermore, we observed the exacerbation of bright yellowing symptoms in watermelon plants that was often accompanied by considerable fruit abortion. CABYV was the only causative agent for this new yellowing disease, and two infectious cDNA clones (one from watermelon, CABYV‐LP63, and another from melon, CABYV‐MEC12.1) were constructed to further compare and characterize this CABYV disease. Based on the full‐length genome, both isolates were grouped phylogenetically together within the Mediterranean clade. However, the Koch's postulates tests were only successfully completed for the LP63 isolate, which also showed several amino acid changes and two potential recombination events, as compared to MEC12.1. Remarkably, the LP63 isolate caused more severe symptoms and showed higher RNA accumulation than MEC12.1 in five cucurbit plant species. These results suggest that a novel CABYV variant that causes severe yellowing symptoms may be causing outbreaks in cucurbit crops.
The impact of export promotion with matchmaking on exports and service outsourcing
Authors: Makioka Ryo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe paper analyzes the effects of support for attending trade fairs on exports, foreign direct investments, and service outsourcing, using Japanese firm‐level data on both performances and trade‐fair participation. To solve the self‐selection problem in the service, I utilize a difference‐in‐differences matching estimation approach with unique firm characteristics, as well as a linear estimation approach with multiple fixed effects. The results show that there are positive effects of attending trade fairs on exporting status. Furthermore, attending a trade fair induces firms to outsource their market research activity.
Science education reform conundrum: An analysis of teacher developed common assessments
Authors: Pitot Lisa N. , Balgopal Meena 
Published: April 2021

AbstractScience education reform efforts have highlighted the need for scientifically literate citizens, who are capable of using scientific knowledge and skills for reasoning, argumentation, and decision‐making. Concurrently, recent state education policies dictate that teachers’ effectiveness is measured in part by their students’ performance on high stakes assessments. To study these potentially competing reform efforts, we used multiple methods to examine (a) the level of secondary science teachers scientific literacy (SL) and their perceptions of SL skills, (b) how they rank the importance of SL skills and their self reported teaching/assessment of SL skills, and (c) how well their teacher developed common science assessments aligned with SL skills. Survey responses from secondary science teachers (n = 48) from one district revealed that their perceptions of scientific literacy were not in alignment with those of science education reform documents. Secondary science teachers (n = 28) demonstrated that they were scientifically literate, yet the assessments (n = 13) they developed did not align with several scientific literacy sub‐constructs. The findings from this study imply that science teachers would benefit from professional development to increase their assessment literacy and that school districts should reconsider whether teacher‐designed assessments should be tied to teachers' professional security and advancement.
The Effect of Children's Gender on Parents’ Attitudes Toward Women
Authors: Wesley Nicole Y. , Garand James C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractScholars have found that the gender of children—particularly, having daughters—has a discernible effect on parents’ attitudinal and behavioral support for the empowerment of women. In this article, we explore how the gender of children affects the gender attitudes of parents. Using data from the 2016 American National Election Study (ANES) survey, we estimate the effects of children's gender on parents’ feminist self‐identification, support for more women representatives, and attitudes toward traditional gender roles, both in general and separately for men and women. Surprisingly, we find that sons—and not daughters—have a systematic negative effect on feminist self‐identification and support for electing more women, as well as a positive effect on support for traditional gender roles. The effects of sons on feminist self‐identification and traditional gender roles are observed for both men and women, while the effects of sons on support for more women representatives are limited to women. It appears that having a son decreases support for feminist and egalitarian gender attitudes in both men and women to varying degrees across a variety of dimensions.
Transfusion requirement prediction score for patients undergoing cardiac surgery: An experience from a tertiary care set‐up from South India
Authors: Doshi Karishma Ashwin , Shastry Shamee , Pai Vasudev B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrediction of transfusion requirement is part of preoperative management in a surgical case. We aimed to develop one such tool for patients undergoing cardiac surgery.MethodsA retrospective study for a period of 3 years was done to develop the scoring tool, Transfusion Requirement Prediction Score for Cardiac Surgery (TRPS), and internal validation was done prospectively. The primary outcome was administration of allogenic red cell units to the patients during perioperative period. The outcome is dichotomized as controls and cases based on the number of Red Blood Cell units received. Independent variables were chosen based on statistical significance and clinical judgement. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to obtain the cut‐off for each independent variable, odds ratio, and regression coefficients were used to assign the score. All patients with a cumulative score below the cut‐off value were categorised as ‘low risk’ and above the cut off as ‘high risk’ group.ResultsDuring the study period, out of 602 patients, 345 met the inclusion criteria (controls: 175; cases: 170). Six variables such as age (more than 58 years), gender (female), bypass time (more than 148 min), haemoglobin (less than 12.5 g/dL), ejection fraction (less than 57%), and history of warfarin prophylaxis were chosen to develop the score. The total score value of 5 was chosen as the cut‐off for the two risk groups. It predicted blood utilisation with a strength of 68% sensitivity and 79% specificity. On internal validation, the score was observed to have an accuracy of 70%.ConclusionThe TRPS is a simple reliable and handy tool with high accuracy.
Preliminary study on the function of TMEM50A and its correlation with the RH genes
Authors: Chen Hongtian , Lv Piao , Liu Ziwei , Chen Wanjun , Yao Yuan , Liu Chixiang , Cao Qiong , Zhou Huayou 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association and impact of TMEM50A on RH genes activity and function.BackgroundSMP1 is located on chromosome 1p36.11 in the RH gene locus, between the RHD and RHCE gene, where its position may be linked to RH haplotypes and contribute to selective pressures regarding certain RH haplotypes. TMEM50A is encoded by the SMP1 located in the intergenic region of RH, its influence on the function of the RH genes remains unclear.MethodsThe expression of TMEM50A was regulated by transfection of plasmid and siRNA in K562 cell model. Western blot and real‐time PCR were used to detect possible expression changes in the RH. The ammonium transport function of cells was monitored using pH‐sensitive dye, while transcriptome sequencing was used to predict the potential function of TMEM50A.ResultsThe overexpression of TMEM50A significantly up‐regulated RHCE gene activity (63.56%). The inhibition of TMEM50A resulted in significantly decreased RHCE (41.82%) and RHD expression (27.35%). Compared to control group, there was no significant change in the NH4+ transport function of cells in the overexpressed TMEM50A group. Transcriptome analysis showed that TMEM50A not only affected the transcription of target gene through splicing activities, but also played a role in the development of embryonic nervous system.ConclusionsTMEM50A may regulate the expression of RH gene by affecting the stability of RH mRNA through splicing function. It speculates that TMEM50A may play an important role in the development of embryonic nervous system.
Molecular insights into plant desiccation tolerance: transcriptomics, proteomics and targeted metabolite profiling in Craterostigma plantagineum
Authors: Xu Xuan , Legay Sylvain , Sergeant Kjell , Zorzan Simone , Leclercq Céline C. , Charton Sophie , Giarola Valentino , Liu Xun , Challabathula Dinakar , Renaut Jenny , Hausman Jean‐Francois , Bartels Dorothea , Guerriero Gea 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum possesses an extraordinary capacity to survive long‐term desiccation. To enhance our understanding of this phenomenon, complementary transcriptome, soluble proteome and targeted metabolite profiling was carried out on leaves collected from different stages during a dehydration and rehydration cycle. A total of 7348 contigs, 611 proteins and 39 metabolites were differentially abundant across the different sampling points. Dynamic changes in transcript, protein and metabolite levels revealed a unique signature characterizing each stage. An overall low correlation between transcript and protein abundance suggests a prominent role for post‐transcriptional modification in metabolic reprogramming to prepare plants for desiccation and recovery. The integrative analysis of all three data sets was performed with an emphasis on photosynthesis, photorespiration, energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism. The results revealed a set of precise changes that modulate primary metabolism to confer plasticity to metabolic pathways, thus optimizing plant performance under stress. The maintenance of cyclic electron flow and photorespiration, and the switch from C3 to crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis, may contribute to partially sustain photosynthesis and minimize oxidative damage during dehydration. Transcripts with a delayed translation, ATP‐independent bypasses, alternative respiratory pathway and 4‐aminobutyric acid shunt may all play a role in energy management, together conferring bioenergetic advantages to meet energy demands upon rehydration. This study provides a high‐resolution map of the changes occurring in primary metabolism during dehydration and rehydration and enriches our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning plant desiccation tolerance. The data sets provided here will ultimately inspire biotechnological strategies for drought tolerance improvement in crops.