bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Correction of Experimental Critical Ischemia of the Lower Extremities in a Rat Model
Authors: Feyziev Elvin E. , Sukovatykh Boris S. , Belous Alexander S. , Zatolokina Maria A. , Trubnikova Elena V. , Mishina Ekaterina S. 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of our research was to study the effectiveness of correcting experimental critical ischemia (CI) of the lower extremities with a combination of udenafil, simvastatin, and autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (ABMMC).	Methods and Results: The experiments were carried out on 24-month-old Wistar rats, weighing 220–250g. The animals were randomized by sex and weight. Groups were formed according to the manipulations carried out during the operations. The animals were divided into 7 groups, each with 20 animals: Group 1 included intact animals; Group 2 - falsely operated animals; Group 3 (control group) - animals with simulated CI without treatment; Group 4- animals with CI and monotherapy with udenafil (daily oral administration of 8.6mg/kg for 28 days); Group 5 - animals with CI and simvastatin monotherapy (daily oral administration of 1.71mg/kg for 28 days); Group 6 - animals with CI and monotherapy with ABMMC (parenterally, once on Day 7 after modeling CI, 50μl at 4 points and, paravasally, above the inguinal ligament in the area where the lateral artery leaves the artery enveloping the femur from the internal iliac artery; in the area of the superficial artery that bends around the iliac bone under the inguinal ligament; into the area of origin of the muscular branch of the femoral artery r. muscularis, the place of attachment of the comb and long adductor muscles of the thigh; in the upper third of the gastrocnemius muscle]); Group 7 - animals with CI and combination therapy (udenafil and simvastatin drugs were administered intragastrically 0.86 mg/kg, once a day, for 7 days) and one-time parenteral administration of ABMMC, according to the same scheme as in Group 6. On Days 21 and 28 of the experiment, the level of blood microcirculation was determined in the muscles of the rat leg; for this, laser Doppler flowmetry was used. For further morphometric assessment of the leg muscles, they were removed. Preparations for morphometric analysis were prepared according to the standard technique with Van Gieson staining, as well as H&E. Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of combination therapy with udenafil, simvastatin, and ABMMC to correct critical lower limb ischemia in rats. The severity of morphological changes on the background of this combination was minimal, compared to the findings of other study groups, and the level of blood microcirculation in the ischemic zone on Day 28 was, significantly, 1.9 times higher than in animals of the control group. The results obtained allow us to recommend the use of the investigated combination (udenafil+simvastatin+ABMMC) for the treatment of patients with critical limb ischemia, both in outpatient and inpatient practice.
Polymorphisms in Genes Involved in Steroidogenesis in the Development of Severe Acne
Authors: Rumyantsev Alexander  G. , Dеmina Olga M. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Acne is a multifactorial disease, in the pathogenesis of which one of the leading factors is the excessive effect of androgens on the hair follicles (HFs) and sebaceous glands (SGs), along with hypersecretion of sebum, pathological follicular hyperkeratosis and an inflammatory response. The search for genotypic markers in patients with varying severity of acne is a difficult task due to the multifactorial pathogenesis and the role of trigger factors in the formation of acne. The aim of this study was to determine SNPs within 3 genes involved in steroidogenesis (MVK, ARPC1B, and CA2) in patients with severe acne.	Methods and Results: The study included 70 patients (42 men and 28 women) aged between 15 and 46 years (the median age - 22.1 years). The main group (MG) included 50 patients (29 men and 21 women) with severe acne. The control group (CG) consisted of 20 apparently healthy individuals (13 men and 7 women). Molecular-genetic diagnostics was carried out by the method of high-throughput DNA sequencing (next-generation sequencing). Our study showed that severe acne is associated with 12 polymorphic loci of the MVK gene (4 SNPs in exons and 8 SNPs in introns), 7 SNPs of the ARPC1B gene (2 SNPs in exons and 5 SNPs in introns), and 9 SNPs of the CA2 gene (3 SNPs in exons and 6 SNPs in introns).	Conclusion: The revealed features of the SNPs within the MVK, ARPC1B, and CA2 genes in patients with severe acne probably indicate a hereditary determination of steroidogenesis in acne.
Adaptive Changes in the Psyche of Homo Sapiens during the Period of the Singularity (Part 3)
Authors: Kruglov Alexander G. , Kruglov Andrey A. 
Published: September 2021

Personal constitutional and acquired predispositions form preferences in the vectors of perception of information (cultural) sentences of the environment. On these vectors, contextual factors are formed that affect the processing of incoming information, the formation of representations and images, which determine the interpretation of lexical signs. Multiplication of contexts creates metacontexts that define the boundaries of virtual reality. One of the design features of Clip thinking (ClipT) is the formation of metacontexts by external structures: network associations. The metacontexts of ClipT form a new structure of communicative experience that changes the self-identification and socialization of the subject, causing a state of dependence. ClipT has significant similarities with hieroglyphic thinking (HieT), which consists of quantized combinations: image + sense + emotion + tone. Hieroglyphics (thinking and writing) have a metacontext nature, being a formation of an ethnic scale. According to some structural parameters, KlipT and HieT are similar to the level of identity. Fundamental factors are the external genesis of metacontexts; the imagery of thinking; elimination of causal relationships and abstraction; visual "receiving-transmission" of the sense of the perceptual image, including the graphic image; rigidity of mental and behavioral structures; embedded experience; etc.	The integral structure of a legitimizing nature (HieT + writing + language + metacontext continuum (ethnocultural matrix)) forms a parametrically conjugated social structure derived from it. A monolithic socio-cultural conglomeration with a self-reproduction mechanism is created. We believe this principle is universal, with the possibility of extrapolation to any socio-cultural structure.	Currently, the HS population is in a state of forming a universal cultural matrix with the potential to replace ethnocultural matrices. ClipT—the new operating system of the psyche—defines and unifies the transformation of ethnocultural matrices with the vector of universalization. The significant similarity of hieroglyphics with the parameters of ClipT contains the extrapolation potential of modeling (sociological and mathematical) the expected ethnic/universal dynamics of conglomeration: ClipT (psyche as a whole) and congruent social construction.	The identity points of ClipT and HieT can find application in the constructions and artificial intelligence learning, as reference points of operating systems of thinking and language, in the structure of which there are no algorithms for cause-effect relationships, analysis, feedback, abstract thinking, and classification structures dominate.
Men's Reproductive Health: Oxidative Stress and the Effectiveness of Antioxidant Therapy
Authors: Kurashova Nadezhda A. , Dashiev Bair G. , Kudeyarova Ekaterina  A. , Kolesnikova Lyubov I. 
Published: September 2021

This review article surveys and summarizes the literature data concerning the problems of deterioration of the main indicators of men's reproductive health and the effectiveness of therapy with drugs with antioxidant properties.	The analysis of domestic and foreign literature confirms that oxidative stress (OS) accompanies and/or is one of the pathogenetic links in the development of many types of reproductive pathology in men.	The health status of the male population is influenced by the following factors: lifestyle, existing diseases, the state of the environment, and the genotype of the population. The interaction of several weak, but unidirectional, factors creates a high risk of developing male reproductive pathology. The polyetiological nature of fertility disorders in men causes certain difficulties in creating adequate methods of treating this pathology and causes multicomponent biocomplexes to appear on the pharmaceutical market that contain active substances that can affect the quality of the ejaculate.
Risk Factors and Causes of Fever after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Authors: Chen Ming , Liu Jinqi , Zhang Xiaoxue , Wang Dongyang , Wang Haipeng , Dong Guangfeng , Zhai Huizhuan , zengjun Li 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background To investigate the fever and related risk factors of gastrointestinal mucosa or submucosal lesions after endoscopic mucosal dissection(ESD).Method A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing ESD. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of post-ESD fever. Patient-related factors and lesion-related factors were counted in both groups.Results The incidence of fever was 31.0% in 290 patients after the operation, 87 patients developed fever within 24 hours after operation. The average of (2.82 ± 1.186) days. According to logistic analysis, the surgical site was in the esophagus (OR value: 6.439; 95% CI: 2.030-20.424; P value: 0.002), with diabetes history (OR value: 3.289; 95% CI: 1.015-10.662; P value: 0.047), age≥70.6 years (OR value: 0.844; 95% CI: 0.805-0.884; P value: 0.000), resection diameter> 4.25 mm (OR value: 2.361; 95% CI: 5.202-29.371; P value: 0.000), operation time> 196min (OR value: 1.022; 95% CI: 1.003-1.042; P value: 0.022) were risk factors for fever.Conclusions Older patient, the operation site in esophagus, diabetes, large tumors and long operation time were more likely to develop post-ESD fever, The possibility of bacteremia after ESD is small, antibiotics do not need to be applied in advance.
Integration of Transcriptomic And Proteomic Analyses Reveals Several Levels of Metabolic Regulation In The Excess Starch And Early Senescent Leaf Mutant lses1 In Rice
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Wang Yongsheng , Huang Rongyu , Zhang Zesen , Huang Jinpeng , Lin Yaohai , Guo Yuchun , Liang Kangjing , Zhou Yuanchang , Chen Fangyu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The normal metabolism of transitory starch in leaves plays an important role in ensuring photosynthesis, delaying senescence and maintaining high yield in crops. OsCKI1 (casein kinase I1) plays crucial regulatory roles in multiple important physiological processes, including root development, hormonal signaling and low temperature-treatment adaptive growth in rice; however, its potential role in regulating temporary starch metabolism or premature leaf senescence remains unclear. To reveal the molecular regulatory mechanism of OsCKI1 in rice leaves, physiological, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of leaves of the mutant lses1 (leaf starch excess and senescence 1), allelic to osckI1, and its wild-type variety (WT) were performed. Results: Phenotypic identification and physiological measurements showed that the lses1 mutant exhibited starch excess in the leaves and an obvious leaf tip withering phenotype as well as high ROS and MDA contents, low chlorophyll content and protective enzyme activities compared to WT. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses showed that the correlations of most genes at the transcription and translation levels were limited. However, the changes of several important genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and apoptosis at the mRNA and protein levels were consistent. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network might play accessory roles in promoting premature senescence of lses1 leaves. Comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic analysis indicated that multiple key genes/proteins related to starch and sugar metabolism, apoptosis and ABA signaling exhibited significant differential expression. Abnormal increase in temporary starch was highly correlated with the expression of starch biosynthesis-related genes, which might be the main factor that causes premature leaf senescence and changes in multiple metabolic levels in leaves of lses1. In addition, significant up regulation of four proteins associated with ABA accumulation and signaling were detected in the lses1 mutant, suggesting that ABA may involve in multiple metabolic regulation via LSES1/OsCKI1 and the formation of mutant phenotype in lses1 leaves.Conclusion: The current study established the high correlation between the changes in physiological characteristics and mRNA and protein expression profiles in lses1 leaves, and emphasized the positive effect of excessive starch on accelerating premature leaf senescence. The expression patterns of genes/proteins related to starch biosynthesis and ABA signaling were analyzed via transcriptomes and proteomes, which provided a novel direction and research basis for the subsequent exploration of the regulation mechanism of temporary starch and apoptosis via LSES1/OsCKI1 in rice.
The return of chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Jazan Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia over a decade after the adoption of artemisinin-based combination therapy: analysis of genetic mutations in the pfcrt gene
Authors: Madkhali Aymen M. , Abdulhaq Ahmed A. , Atroosh Wahib M. , Ghzwani Ahmad Hassn , Zain Khalid Ammash , Ghailan Khalid Y. , Hamali Hassan A. , Mobarki Abdullah A. , Eisa Zaki M. , Lau Yee-Ling , Al-Mekhlafi Hesham 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the polymorphism in the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) gene 11 years after chloroquine (CQ) cessation in Jazan region, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Two hundred and thirty-five P. falciparum isolates were amplified to detect mutations in the pfcrt gene. The pfcrt 76T molecular marker for CQ resistance was detected in 66.4% (156/235) of the isolates, while the K76 CQ-sensitive wild type was detected in 33.6%. The pfcrt 74I and pfcrt 75E point mutations were each found to be present in 56.2% of isolates, while only four isolates (1.7%) were found to carry the pfcrt 72S mutation. Moreover, four pfcrt haplotypes were identified: the CVIET triple-allele (56.2%), SVMET double-allele (1.7%), and CVMNT single-allele (8.5%) mutant haplotypes, and the CVMNK wild haplotype (33.6%). The analysis also revealed significant associations between the prevalence of mutant pfcrt alleles and haplotypes and the age group, governorate, and nationality of the patients as well as the parasitaemia level (P < 0.05). The findings provide evidence of the potential re-emergence of CQ-susceptible P. falciparum strains in Jazan region over a decade after CQ discontinuation, with about one third of the isolates analysed carrying the pfcrt K76 CQ-sensitive wild allele and the CVMNK ancestral wild haplotype. Although the reintroduction of CQ cannot be recommended at present in Saudi Arabia, these findings support the rationale for a potential future role for CQ in malaria treatment. Therefore, continuous molecular and in-vitro monitoring mutations of pfcrt polymorphism in Jazan region is highly recommended.
Investigation On Ultra-Compact, High Contrast Ratio 2d-Photonic Crystal Based All Optical 4 x 2 Encoder
Authors: Kumar R. Arun , V Kavitha , K Rama Prabha , K Latha , S Robinson 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Optical encoder is playing an essential starring role in optical communication and computing applications. This paper presents a new structure for 4 x 2 optical encoder based on Two Dimensional Photonic Crystals (2DPC). The proposed structure consists of silicon rods in background of air using hexagonal lattice. The proposed structure is composed of four input waveguides and two outputs. The band structure is examined by Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) method and the performance parameters of the 4x2 encoder, namely, normalized output power, footprint, contrast ratio, response time and bit rate are analyzed using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. The proposed encoder is operated at 1550nm. The low response time, and small footprint have shown that the encoder is exceptionally suitable for high performance optical networks and photonic computational integrated devices.
Five Years Sustained Clinical Safety and Efficacy of An Abluminal Biodegradable-Polymer Coated Sirolimus-Eluting Stent: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: cao mingkun , Yin Yuxia , Zhou Chao , Deng Wei , Ma Jianying , Zhang Feng , Yao Kang , Toft Egon , Ge Junbo , Zhang Haijun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Drug-eluting stent (DES) with durable polymers have been proven to cause late or very late adverse events. Biodegradable polymer-coated DES was developed to address the risk by avoiding persistent inflammatory irritation from persistent polymers. However, it is unknown whether the benefits of biodegradable polymer DES will occur over longer time.
Methods
The trial was a prospective, multicenter and randomized non-inferiority clinical trial done in China. Patients with indications for stent implantation were assigned into Cordimax and Xience V group in a 2:1 allocation. The composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TV-MI), or clinically indicated target lesion revascularisation (CI-TLR) was the primary endpoint target lesion failure (TLF). The pre-specified endpoint at five years was major adverse cardiac event (MACE) which was defined as a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and CI-TLR.
Results
3266 patients (88.3%) completed 5-year follow-up. No difference was observed for TLF between Cordimax (7.5%) and Xience V (8.3%) group (RR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.70 to 1.15, P = 0.39). MACE occurred in 280 patients (11.4%) in Cordimax group and 162 patients (13.1%) in Xience V group (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.05, P = 0.13). The incidence of definite or probable stent thrombosis did not differ in both groups (Cordimax 0.7%, Xience V 0.9%; RR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.36 to 1.66; P = 0.51).
Conclusion
The biodegradable polymer Cordimax stent showed a comparable result to the durable polymer Xience V stent at 5 years, showing its long-term safety and efficacy performance.
Trial registration:
This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03185221 (14/06/2017).
Human seasonal influenza under COVID-19 and the potential consequences of influenza lineage elimination
Authors: Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna , Sullivan Sheena , Edwards Kimberly , Xie Ruopeng , Khvorov Arseniy , Valkenburg Sophie , Cowling Benjamin , Barr Ian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Annual epidemics of seasonal influenza cause hundreds of thousands of deaths, high levels of morbidity, and substantial economic loss. Yet, global influenza circulation has been heavily suppressed by public health measures and travel restrictions since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, the influenza B/Yamagata lineage has not been conclusively detected since April 2020, and A(H3N2), A(H1N1), and B/Victoria viruses circulate with considerably less genetic diversity. Travel restrictions have largely confined regional outbreaks of A(H3N2) to South and Southeast Asia, B/Victoria epidemics in China, and A(H1N1) in West Africa. Seasonal influenza transmission lineages continue to perish globally, except in select hotspots, which will likely seed future epidemics. Waning population immunity and sporadic case detection will further challenge influenza vaccine strain selection and epidemic control. We offer perspective on the potential short- and long-term evolutionary dynamics of seasonal influenza and discuss potential consequences and mitigation strategies as global travel gradually returns to pre-pandemic levels.
Reduced Levels of A20 Protein Prompted RIPK1-Dependent Apoptosis of Vascular Endothelial Cells and Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown in CIRI
Authors: Li Ying , Yang Chaonan , Yang Yuting , Li Huijie , Wu Xiaohui , Gong Min 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage is an important cause of the exacerbation of pathological features of ischemia and reperfusion. However, the specific mechanism of cell death of vascular endothelial cells is not clear. It was found that ischemic reperfusion resulted in RIPK1 activation in vascular endothelial cells and induced cells to undergo subsequent RIPK1-dependent apoptosis (RDA). Inhibition of RIPK1 significantly reduced BBB breakdown and brain damage. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of RIPK1 in the BBB leakage during the ischemia reperfusion procedure.In this study, the role of RIPK1 in the development of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) was investigated by immunohistochemical approaches on KO or mutant mice. It was discovered by proteomics that autophagy activation resulting from ischemia and reperfusion significantly downregulated the level of A20 protein in vascular endothelial cells. A20 is an important protein that regulates RIPK1 and RDA. It was hypothesized that activation of autophagy in vascular endothelial cells caused by ischemic reperfusion led to a decrease in A20 protein, which, in turn, caused the activation of RIPK1 and the occurrence of RDA, leading to leakage of the blood–brain barrier. The findings in this study revealed the role of RIPK1 in vascular endothelial cell death and BBB leakage upon cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI), and these findings provide a novel perspective for the treatment of ischemic reperfusion.
Knowledge of Rational Drug Use Among Village Health Volunteers in a Municipal Hospital in Thailand
Authors: Yongpraderm Siranee , Sangkhano Kanruethai , Uitrakul Suriyon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Village health volunteers (VHVs) are key factors to improve and maintain health status in the Thai population, especially in rural areas. Knowledge in rational drug use of VHVs is essential to help Thai people use medicines appropriately. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the literacy of VHVs relating to rational drug use in a municipal hospital, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand. The literacy score was assessed using the questionnaire that was developed based on the Rational Drug Use Manual by the Ministry of Public Health. This questionnaire consists of 5 aspects, including the understanding of drug labels, advertisement evaluation, drug purchasing and using, understanding the meaning of medical terms, and access to drug information. The results were analyzed and described as frequency and percentage. Of all 139 VHVs who participated in the questionnaires, the average score of rational drug use literacy was 16.51 (SD = 5.79) out of 28 (58.96%), which was defined as poor level. Considering by aspects, it was found that the scores in the drug label literacy and understanding of the medical terms were at good levels. Drug purchasing and using aspect was at a moderate level. The advertisement assessment aspect was at a poor level. In conclusion, the results in this study indicated that VHVs in a municipal hospital, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand, should strengthen the knowledge relating to evaluation of advertising media and purchasing and using of drugs.