bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uric acid participating in female reproductive disorders: a review
Authors: Hu Junhao , Xu Wenyi , Yang Haiyan , Mu Liangshan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUric acid (UA) is the end metabolic product of purine metabolism. Early on, UA was considered to be a metabolite with a certain antioxidant capacity. As research has progressed, other properties of UA have been explored, and its association with many diseases has been found. The association between UA and kidney disease and cardiovascular disease is well established; however, there is still a paucity of reviews on the association between UA and the female reproductive system. An increasing number of epidemiological studies have shown elevated serum UA levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, etc. Additionally, serum UA can be used as a predictor of pregnancy complications and adverse foetal outcomes. An increasing number of animal experiments and clinical studies have revealed possible mechanisms related to the involvement of UA in certain female reproductive disorders: oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, etc. This article reviews the current mainstream mechanisms regarding the pathogenesis of UA and the role of UA in certain specific female reproductive disorders (direct involvement in the development of certain diseases or enhancement of other risk factors) in the hope of contributing to clinical prevention, diagnosis, treatment and improvement in prognosis.
A conceptual re-evaluation of reproductive coercion: centring intent, fear and control
Authors: Tarzia Laura , Hegarty Kelsey 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Reproductive coercion and abuse (RCA) is a hidden form of violence against women. It includes behaviours intended to control or dictate a woman’s reproductive autonomy, for the purpose of either preventing or promoting pregnancy.

Main text
In this commentary, we argue that there is a lack of conceptual clarity around RCA that is a barrier to developing a robust evidence base. Furthermore, we suggest that there is a poor understanding of the way that RCA intersects with other types of violence (intimate partner violence; sexual violence) and—as a result—inconsistent definition and measurement in research and healthcare practice. To address this, we propose a new way of understanding RCA that centres perpetrator intent and the presence of fear and/or control. Recommendations for future research are also discussed.

Conclusion
We suggest that IPV and SV are the mechanisms through which RCA is perpetrated. In other words, RCA cannot exist without some other form of co-occurring violence in a relationship. This has important implications for research, policy and healthcare practice including for screening and identification of women in reproductive healthcare settings.
The prevalence of depression among adolescent with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ayano Getinet , Demelash Sileshi , Abraha Mebratu , Tsegay Light 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Depression is particularly common among adolescents with HIV/AIDS and has been associated with disruption of the important developmental process, subsequently leading to a wide range of negative mental, physical and psychosocial consequences, as well as poor quality of life in those population groups. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, there are no prior systematic reviews and meta-analytic studies that determined the prevalence of depression among adolescents with HIV/AIDS.

Method
We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for relevant literature until May 2020. A random-effect meta-analysis was used to pool prevalence rates from individual studies. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneities and to compare the prevalence estimates across the groups. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s quality assessment checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Cochran’s Q and the I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity between the studies.

Results
A total of ten studies were included for the final analysis, with 2642 adolescents living with HIV/AIDS. Our final meta-analysis showed that more than a quarter of adolescents with HIV had depression [26.07% (95% CI 18.92–34.78)]. The prevalence was highest amongst female adolescents (32.15%) than males (25.07%) as well as amongst the older adolescents aged 15–19 years (37.09%) than younger adolescents aged 10–14 years (29.82%).

Conclusion
Our study shows that a significant proportion of adolescents with HIV had depression, indicating the imperativeness of intervention strategies to alleviate the suffering and possibly reduce the probable negative ramifications.
Potential mechanisms of Guizhi decoction against hypertension based on network pharmacology and Dahl salt-sensitive rat model
Authors: Chen Jiye , Zhang Yongjian , Wang Yongcheng , Jiang Ping , Zhou Guofeng , Li Zhaoyu , Yang Jinlong , Li Xiao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Guizhi decoction (GZD), a classical Chinese herbal formula, has been widely used to treat hypertension, but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The present study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms and therapeutic effects of GZD on hypertension by integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation.

Methods
The active ingredients and corresponding targets were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The targets related to hypertension were identified from the CTD, GeneCards, OMIM and Drugbank databases. Multiple networks were constructed to identify the key compounds, hub targets, and main biological processes and pathways of GZD against hypertension. The Surflex-Dock software was used to validate the binding affinity between key targets and their corresponding active compounds. The Dahl salt-sensitive rat model was used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of GZD against hypertension.

Results
A total of 112 active ingredients, 222 targets of GZD and 341 hypertension-related targets were obtained. Furthermore, 56 overlapping targets were identified, five of which were determined as the hub targets for experimental verification, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), C–C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2), IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9. Pathway enrichment analysis results indicated that 56 overlapping targets were mainly enriched in several inflammation pathways such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Molecular docking confirmed that most active compounds of GZD could bind tightly to the key targets. Experimental studies revealed that the administration of GZD improved blood pressure, reduced the area of cardiac fibrosis, and inhibited the expression of IL-6, CCL2, IL-1β, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in rats.

Conclusion
The potential mechanisms and therapeutic effects of GZD on hypertension may be attributed to the regulation of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis.
Comprehensive description of the current breast cancer microenvironment advancements via single-cell analysis
Authors: Yan Xueqi , Xie Yinghong , Yang Fan , Hua Yijia , Zeng Tianyu , Sun Chunxiao , Yang Mengzhu , Huang Xiang , Wu Hao , Fu Ziyi , Li Wei , Jiao Shiping , Yin Yongmei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBreast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a complex microenvironment consisting of tumor cells, immune cells, fibroblasts and vascular cells. These cancer-associated cells shape the tumor microenvironment (TME) and influence the progression of breast cancer and the therapeutic responses in patients. The exact composition of the intra-tumoral cells is mixed as the highly heterogeneous and dynamic nature of the TME. Recent advances in single-cell technologies such as single-cell DNA sequencing (scDNA-seq), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and mass cytometry have provided new insights into the phenotypic and functional diversity of tumor-infiltrating cells in breast cancer. In this review, we have outlined the recent progress in single-cell characterization of breast tumor ecosystems, and summarized the phenotypic diversity of intra-tumoral cells and their potential prognostic relevance.
STOUT: SMILES to IUPAC names using neural machine translation
Authors: Rajan Kohulan , Zielesny Achim , Steinbeck Christoph 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChemical compounds can be identified through a graphical depiction, a suitable string representation, or a chemical name. A universally accepted naming scheme for chemistry was established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) based on a set of rules. Due to the complexity of this ruleset a correct chemical name assignment remains challenging for human beings and there are only a few rule-based cheminformatics toolkits available that support this task in an automated manner. Here we present STOUT (SMILES-TO-IUPAC-nametranslator), a deep-learning neural machine translation approach to generate the IUPAC name for a given molecule from its SMILES string as well as the reverse translation, i.e. predicting the SMILES string from the IUPAC name. In both cases, the system is able to predict with an average BLEU score of about 90% and a Tanimoto similarity index of more than 0.9. Also incorrect predictions show a remarkable similarity between true and predicted compounds.
Testing the seismic quiescence hypothesis through retrospective trials of alarm-based earthquake prediction in the Kurile–Japan subduction zone
Authors: Katsumata Kei , Nakatani Masao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe make trial binary forecasts for the Kurile–Japan subduction zone for the period 1988–2014 by hypothesizing that seismic quiescence (i.e., the absence of earthquakes of M ≥ 5 for a minimum period of Tq) is a precursor of a large (7.5 ≤ Mw < 8.5) earthquake in the coming period Ta within a radius R of the quiescence. We evaluate the receiver-operating-characteristic diagram constructed using a range of forecast models specified by (Tq, R, Ta). A forecast experiment targeting eight large earthquakes in the studied spacetime suggests that the risk of a large earthquake is modestly (probability gain G ~ 2) but significantly (p-value less than 5%) heightened for several years following a long quiescent period of Tq ≥ 9 years, within several tens of kilometers of the quiescence. We then attempt cross-validation, where we use half the data for training [i.e., optimization of (Tq, R, Ta)] and the remaining half for evaluation. With only four target earthquakes available for evaluation of the forecasts in each of the learning and evaluation periods, our forecast scheme did not pass the cross-validation test (with a criterion that the p-value is less than 5%). Hence, we cannot formally deny the possibility that our positive results for the overall period are a ghost arising from over-fitting. However, through detailed comparison of optimal models in the overall test with those in the cross-validation tests, we argue that severe over-fitting is unlikely involved for the modest G of ~ 2 obtained in the overall test. There is thus a reasonable chance that the presently tested type of quiescence will pass the cross-validation test when more target earthquakes become available in the near future. In the meantime, we find that G improves to ~ 5 when target earthquakes are limited to 8 ≤ Mw < 8.5, though we cannot say anything about the possible involvement of over-fitting because we have only three such very large target earthquakes.
Appendicitis with submucosal fecalith mimicking a submucosal tumor: a case report
Authors: Bekki Tomoaki , Fukuda Toshikatsu , Moriuchi Toshiyuki , Namba Yosuke , Okimoto Sho , Mukai Shoichiro , Saito Yasufumi , Oishi Koichi , Nishida Toshihiro , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Submucosal fecalith(s) mimicking submucosal tumors of the gastrointestinal lumen are rare. Moreover, accurate preoperative diagnosis of these entities is exceedingly difficult, and the mechanism(s) of their formation remains unclear.

Case presentation
A 40-year-old woman visited the authors’ hospital due to lower abdominal pain and diarrhea. She had previously been treated for endometriosis. Laboratory investigation revealed increased C-reactive protein levels. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed thickening of the appendix wall and dilation of the small intestine. The patient was diagnosed with paralytic ileus caused by appendicitis, and interval appendectomy was scheduled. She underwent laparoscopic-assisted appendectomy after conservative treatment. Partial cecal resection was selected due to the presence of an elastic mass in the cecum. The final pathological diagnosis was submucosal fecalith, not submucosal tumor. On day 5, the patient was discharged without any postoperative complications.

Conclusions
In cases of appendicitis with fecalith(s) that appear as submucosal tumor(s) on colonoscopy, submucosal fecalith mimicking submucosal tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Screening and identification of novel halotolerant bacterial strains and assessment for insoluble phosphate solubilization and IAA production
Authors: Joshi Gajendra , Kumar Vikash , Brahmachari Sunil Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Salinity is typical in seashore soils due to the interruption of seawater in the groundwater. Soil microbes of coastal regions play a vital role in increasing plant yields. Microbe-plant associated growth and its wide spectrum with soil environment remain one of the prime factors in agriculture for field application. Making such, in this study, very precise research work is outlined to serve microbial-based solution for solubilizing the insoluble phosphate under various harsh environmental conditions and IAA production. Salt-affected soils along the coast of Bay of Bengal, Sundarbans, India, have been collected.

Results
A total of five isolates effectively solubilize the considerable amount of Tri-calcium phosphate {TCP, (Ca3PO4)2} ranging from 50.67 to 116.66 P2O5 parts per million (ppm) under optimized conditions, i.e., pH 8.0, 5 to 10% saline and 30 °C temperature. Out of five, three produced Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) ranging from 0.054 to 0.183 (g l−1). Identification of isolates has been carried out by morphology, biochemical characterization and 16S rDNA sequencing. Among the sequenced isolates, 1 belonged to Firmicutes, 3 were Proteobacteria and 1 was Actinobacteria.

Conclusion
This is the first report which shows the presence of phosphate solubilizing activity by the member of the genus Halomonas and Halobacillus from the study site. These stress-tolerant bacteria will deliver reliable and cost-effective methods to overcome the existing scenario of saline-affected agriculture.
The Cemetery and the Novel
Authors: Brooks Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis essay revisits the question of the fictional person, largely by way of Proust’s claim that the novel offers us nonexistent persons the better to espouse vision through other eyes: knowledge of the world as experienced by another consciousness. If the New Critical stricture against taking fictional characters as real beings—something other than writing on a page—is correct, it does not account for the way in which we imagine, make use of, and interact with the minds of literary characters. Yet Proust’s understanding of the fictional being cohabits with the inevitable death of real persons. As in Henry James, for instance, character may border on nothingness, on illusion—yet it appears an inevitable illusion, one that we need in order to make sense of our lives.
The Philosophy Class
Authors: Wood Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Even as a schoolboy Marcel Proust specialized in thoughts of loss and doubt, and in À la recherche du temps perdu, he puts these thoughts to a very particular kind of philosophical work: the cultivation of epistemological (and other) errors that are certainly errors but are in some sense not entirely wrong. A noise is misinterpreted, attributed to an incorrect source, but Proust’s narrator, while scrupulously revising the perception, allows his first take a sort of magical afterlife. This effect is subtly developed in the last volume of the novel, where the narrator completes the experiences of involuntary memory that ground his whole theory of regained time—and also has experiences that contradict the theory, that show time to be ever-elapsing, impossible to regain. He doesn’t endorse the contradiction, and he doesn’t give up his theory. But he doesn’t erase the contradiction either.
The History of My Pleasure in Le Plaisir du texte
Authors: Gallop Jane 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The author traces her reading of Barthes’s 1973 book, Le Plaisir du texte, over the last five decades. Examining her published writings on the book, she traces how it meshes with her critical attachments to psychoanalysis, feminism, and queer theory. Claiming it as a text that gives her definite pleasure, she finds it also always embroils her in contradiction. She works to understand that contradiction via the articulations of contradiction in Barthes’s text.
Rigor and Imprecision in Literary Studies
Authors: Pavel Thomas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article examines several twentieth-century polemics between mechanist approaches to language and art and studies that emphasize creativity and historical developments. The 1944 exchange between Leonard Bloomfield and Leo Spitzer was an eloquent example of such polemics, as were the various points of view of Russian formalists as well as the French debates concerning historical determinism and creativity in literary studies.
Morphogenetic Interactions before Gastrulation in the Amphibian, Xenopus laevis—Regulation in Blastulae
Authors: Curtis A. S. G. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The site of the future dorsal lip of the gastrula is already determined to a considerable degree at the grey-crescent region by the 8-cell stage, probably by means of interactions within the cortex (Curtis, 1962b). But this determination is still easily disturbed because excision of the grey-crescent cortex from the 8-cell stage does not prevent the appearance of a dorsal lip. The embryo forms a new dorsal lip by a process of regulation. Similarly, Votquenne (1933) destroyed the blastomere containing the grey crescent at the 8-cell stage in Rana fusca and nevertheless obtained nearly normal embryos; which result indicated that regulation had happened. At a later stage, late blastula, excision of the cells of the presumptive dorsal lip region does not prevent a dorsal lip forming and subsequent neural induction occurring (Goerttler, 1926) although the embryos are of the abnormal ‘ring’ type. But though regulation in Goerttler’s experiments can hardly have occurred before gastrulation, due to the late stage used, it remains an open question whether the regulation of the embryo after Votquenne’s excision of a micromere or my excision of cortex from the 8-cell stage embryo, happens soon after the operation of excision or whether the necessary interactions amongst cells are delayed until some later stage such as gastrulation. The answer to this question will help to reveal the extent of developmental change before gastrulation. There is reason for thinking that a degree of morphogenesis of the various presumptive regions occurs by late blastula stages because Dalcq (1933) showed that considerable localization of organs had occurred by the late blastula stage of R. fusca.
Wingless, Decapentaplegic and EGF Receptor signaling pathways interact to specify dorso-ventral pattern in the adult abdomen of Drosophila
Authors: Kopp Artyom , Blackman Ronald K. , Duncan Ian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Adult abdominal segments of Drosophila are subdivided along the dorso-ventral axis into a dorsal tergite, a ventral sternite and ventro-lateral pleural cuticle. We report that this pattern is largely specified during the pupal stage by Wingless (Wg), Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Drosophila EGF Receptor (DER) signaling. Expression of wg and dpp is activated at the posterior edge of the anterior compartment by Hedgehog signaling. Within this region, wg and dpp are expressed in domains that are mutually exclusive along the dorso-ventral axis: wg is expressed in the sternite and medio-lateral tergite, whereas dpp expression is confined to the pleura and the dorsal midline. Neither gene is expressed in the lateral tergite. Shirras and Couso (1996, Dev. Biol. 175, 24-36) have shown that tergite and sternite cell fates are specified by Wg signaling. We find that DER acts synergistically with Wg to promote tergite and sternite identities, and that Wg and DER activities are opposed by Dpp signaling, which promotes pleural identity. Wg and Dpp interact antagonistically at two levels. First, their expression is confined to complementary domains by mutual transcriptional repression. Second, Wg and Dpp compete directly with one another by exerting opposite effects on cell fate. DER signaling does not affect the expression of wg or dpp, indicating that it interacts with Wg and Dpp at the level of cell fate determination. Within the tergite, the requirements for Wg and DER function are roughly complementary: Wg is required mainly in the medial region, whereas DER is most important laterally. Finally, we show that Dpp signaling at the dorsal midline controls dorso-ventral patterning within the tergite by promoting pigmentation in the medial region.
Revisiting the Drosophila microchaete lineage: a novel intrinsically asymmetric cell division generates a glial cell
Authors: Gho Michel , Bellaïche Yohanns , Schweisguth François 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The bristle mechanosensory organs of the adult fly are composed of four different cells that originate from a single precursor cell, pI, via two rounds of asymmetric cell division. Here, we have examined the pattern of cell divisions in this lineage by time-lapse confocal microscopy using GFP imaging and by immunostaining analysis. pI divided within the plane of the epithelium and along the anteroposterior axis to give rise to an anterior cell, pIIb, and a posterior cell, pIIa. pIIb divided prior to pIIa to generate a small subepithelial cell and a larger daughter cell, named pIIIb. This unequal division, oriented perpendicularly to the epithelium plane, has not been described previously. pIIa divided after pIIb, within the plane of the epithelium and along the AP axis, to produce a posterior socket cell and an anterior shaft cell. Then pIIIb divided perpendicularly to the epithelium plane to generate a basal neurone and an apical sheath cell. The small subepithelial pIIb daughter cell was identified as a sense organ glial cell: it expressed glial cell missing, a selector gene for the glial fate and migrated away from the sensory cluster along extending axons. We propose that mechanosensory organ glial cells, the origin of which was until now unknown, are generated by the asymmetric division of pIIb cells. Both Numb and Prospero segregated specifically into the basal glial and neuronal cells during the pIIb and pIIIb divisions, respectively. This revised description of the sense organ lineage provides the basis for future studies on how polarity and fate are regulated in asymmetrically dividing cells.