bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ready-to-drink beverage (RTD) consumption in Thai population: trend and associated factors
Authors: Saengow Udomsak , Asksonthong Ruttiya , Laohaprapanon Apinya 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo examine ready-to-drink beverage (RTD) consumption and to investigate the effects of gender and age on RTD consumption by using data 2011 and 2014 waves of a national alcohol survey.DesignAnalysis of data from Smoking and Drinking Behavior Survey (SADBeS) 2011 and 2014, a nationally representative survey.SettingThailandParticipants177,350 (2011 survey) and 25,758 (2014 survey) samples of Thais aged 15 years or older who were randomly selected using multistage-sampling technique.Primary outcomeRTD consumption in past 12 months (yes/no) as stated by survey participantsResultsThe prevalence of RTD drinkers increased from 0.5% (95% CI, 0.5-0.5%) in 2011 to 2.4% (95% CI, 2.1-2.6%) in 2014. Female drinkers were 5.1 (95% CI, 4.1-6.4) times more likely to consume RTDs than male drinkers. The likelihood of drinking RTDs decreased with age. Drinking initiation before the legal purchasing age (20 years old) was associated with 1.5 (95% CI, 1.1-1.9) times likelihood of RTDs consumption.ConclusionsA substantial increase in RTD consumption was observed in Thailand, a middle-income country, during 2011-2014. The consumption was notable in youths and females. Given that RTDs have been introduced into the Thai market relatively recently, this may be a part of the alcohol industry strategies to boost their sales in middle-income countries. Growth in RTD consumption could pose a challenge for health authorities to control alcohol-related harms in the future especially among youths and females.Article SummaryStrengths and limitations of this studyA reliable estimate of prevalence of RTD consumption was obtained by using data from two waves of a large national representative survey.The lack of information about pattern of RTD consumption including quantity and drinking frequency limited further analysis.FundingThis work was supported by the Center for Alcohol Studies, Thailand, grant number 62-02029-0043.Competing interests statementNone declared.
Incomplete proline catabolism drives premature sperm aging
Authors: Yen Chia‐An , Curran Sean P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInfertility is an increasingly common health issue, with rising prevalence in advanced parental age. Environmental stress has established negative effects on reproductive health, however, the impact of altering cellular metabolism and its endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) on fertility remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the loss of proline dehydrogenase, the first committed step in proline catabolism, is relatively benign. In contrast, disruption of alh‐6, which facilitates the second step of proline catabolism by converting 1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate (P5C) to glutamate, results in premature reproductive senescence, specifically in males. The premature reproductive senescence in alh‐6 mutant males is caused by aberrant ROS homeostasis, which can be countered by genetically limiting the first committed step of proline catabolism that functions upstream of ALH‐6 or by pharmacological treatment with antioxidants. Taken together, our work uncovers proline metabolism as a critical component of normal sperm function that can alter the rate of aging in the male reproductive system.
Listening to children: Evaluation of a positive parenting programme through art‐based research
Authors: Mateos Ainoa , Balsells M. Àngels , Fuentes‐Peláez Nuria , Rodrigo María José 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper presents data from a unique programme evaluation of the parenting programme titled ‘Learning together, growing as a family’ applied in 14 cities in Spain and targeting families at risk of neglectful behaviour. The programme evaluation is based on the voices of children using the qualitative methodology of art‐based research. Eighty‐six children 6–12 years of age were interviewed in groups. The outcomes of the evaluation reveal that children perceive improvements in the parental competencies of their parents and in themselves and that these changes serve as a catalyst for positive family change.
Identification and quantification of CI Reactive Blue 19 dye degradation product in soil
Authors: Feng Chengcheng , Sui Xinyi , Ankeny Mary Ann , Vinueza Nelson R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLandfills are becoming the most common way to dispose textiles. The presence of different types of dyes and finishes on textiles fabrics can become an important source of pollution during the degradation process, due to the fact that these chemicals can leach to the soil. The biodegradation of dyes from dyed fabrics is not fully understood, and what can leach into the soil can be more toxic. In this study, cotton fabrics were dyed with CI Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) and biodegraded in soil in a laboratory‐controlled environment for a 90‐day time interval by using the ASTM D 5988‐18 method. A modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction method, in combination with liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) analysis, was applied to soil containing RB19 after the degradation process. An unknown degradation product, with a mass‐to‐charge ratio (m/z) of 393, found in the soil was characterised and confirmed, via high‐resolution MS and tandem MS, to be CI Acid Blue 25 (AB25). To quantify the confirmed unknown product extracted from the degraded soil sample, a quantitation method was developed using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detector‐mass spectrometry (HPLC‐DAD‐MS). The quantitation method provided excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9990 ± 0.0006), accuracy (mean percentage error = 5.17 ± 1.88), precision (mean percentage coefficient of variation = 4.73 ± 4.16), and sensitivity (lower limit of quantitation = 1.29 ± 0.47 µg/mL) for nine concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 40 µg/mL.
Establishing a clinical high‐risk program in Tunisia, North Africa: A pilot study in early detection and identification
Authors: Ventura Joseph , Jouini Lamia , Aissa Amina , Larnaout Amine , Nefzi Rahma , Ghazzai Malek , Jelili Sélima , Fekih‐Romdhane Feten , Ouali Uta , Nacef Fethi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly identification and prevention research has provided huge advances in our understanding of early screening and identification of young people at clinical high‐risk (CHR). Most of these procedures were developed in high‐income countries, yet middle‐income countries in North Africa such as Tunisia can benefit from these empirically‐based assessment approaches.MethodsUsing established procedures, nine Tunisian psychiatric raters were trained on structured assessments: the CAARMS, BPRS, and SCID to high standards of interrater reliability. These raters developed a clinical high‐risk program (CHiRP) in Tunisia and recruited 10 patients who were exhibiting possible signs of CHR. These patients were evaluated to determine if they met criteria for a CHR group, such as Attenuated Psychosis.ResultsTrained raters met the following interrater reliability criteria for the CAARMS and BPRS (ICC = .80 or greater) and the SCID (Kappa = .75 or greater). Of 10 pilot patients, six were classified as CHR and belonging to the Attenuated Psychosis Group. One of the six patients converted to psychosis 3 months after study entry for a conversion rate of 17% which is comparable with currently published rates globally.DiscussionThe first CHR program has been established in Tunisia, a middle‐income country using methods developed in high income countries. Efforts aimed at assembling a group of prevention‐oriented psychiatrists, obtaining administrative support, and training raters to high levels of interrater reliability were successful. The feasibility was demonstrated for screening, assessing, treating, and following‐up of 10 CHR patients suggesting that conversion rates are comparable to those of Western and European countries.
Temporal complementarity in activity‐density of two arthropod macro‐detritivore taxa
Authors: De Smedt Pallieter , Proesmans Willem , Baeten Lander 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMacro‐detritivores are important fragmenters performing a first step in the ecosystem process of nutrient cycling. Woodlice and millipedes are important representatives of this group and their ecology and niche requirements are often regarded as very similar. However, it is unclear whether there is a difference in temporal activity throughout the year between both groups, possibly leading to temporal complementarity for leaf litter breakdown, and whether patterns of temporal variation in activity are consistent across different habitat types.We studied year‐round pitfall‐trap data of woodlice and millipedes from an old sand quarry with a high habitat heterogeneity.Our results indicate that there is high temporal complementarity between both detritivore taxa, with millipede activity‐density peaking in spring, while woodlice showing a peak in summer. Interestingly, timing of activity depended on habitat openness. Millipedes peak first in open habitat and later in closed habitat, while woodlice showed the opposite pattern.Temporal turnover in community composition was high and of similar magnitude as spatial turnover in community composition across this relatively small scale of our study area.We conclude that, although woodlice and millipedes show comparable habitat preferences, their temporal activity patterns show the potential for temporal complementarity for litter breakdown.
Kruppel‐like factor 15 regulates fuel switching between glucose and fatty acids in brown adipocytes
Authors: Nabatame Yuko , Hosooka Tetsuya , Aoki Chikako , Hosokawa Yusei , Imamori Makoto , Tamori Yoshikazu , Okamatsu‐Ogura Yuko , Yoneshiro Takeshi , Kajimura Shingo , Saito Masayuki , Ogawa Wataru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionBrown adipose tissue (BAT) utilizes large amounts of fuel for thermogenesis, but the mechanism by which fuel substrates are switched in response to changes in energy status is poorly understood. We have now investigated the role of Kruppel‐like factor 15 (KLF15), a transcription factor expressed at a high level in adipose tissue, in the regulation of fuel utilization in BAT.Materials and MethodsDepletion or overexpression of KLF15 in HB2 differentiated brown adipocytes was achieved by adenoviral infection. Glucose and fatty acid oxidation were measured with radioactive substrates, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity was determined with a colorimetric assay, and gene expression was examined by reverse transcription and real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis.ResultsKnockdown of KLF15 in HB2 cells attenuated fatty acid oxidation in association with downregulation of the expression of genes related to this process including Acox1 and Fatp1, whereas it increased glucose oxidation. Expression of the gene for pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), a negative regulator of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, was increased or decreased by KLF15 overexpression or knockdown, respectively, in HB2 cells, with these changes being accompanied by a respective decrease or increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that Pdk4 is a direct target of KLF15 in HB2 cells. Finally, fasting increased expression of KLf15, Pdk4 and genes involved in fatty acid utilization in BAT of mice, whereas refeeding suppressed Klf15 and Pdk4 expression.ConclusionsOur results implicate KLF15 in the regulation of fuel switching between glucose and fatty acids in response to changes in energy status in BAT.
Determining the material intensities of buildings selected by random sampling: A case study from Vienna
Authors: Lederer Jakob , Fellner Johann , Gassner Andreas , Gruhler Karin , Schiller Georg 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany studies calculate the material stock of buildings by using material intensities and reference values for building dimensions. Often, they lack a clear definition of and transparency in the selection of buildings to be analyzed, as well as adequate description for the determination of the material intensities of buildings. This article presents a randomized selection of buildings and determination of their material intensities using the case study of Vienna. On the basis of a digital geo‐information building model, buildings were categorized according to their age, use, and volume. From each category, samples were randomly selected and their material intensities as well as different building dimensions were determined based on building documents such as plans. The building dimensions were used to express the material intensities related to different reference values. The 256 objects analyzed correspond to a sample size of 0.11% relative to the total number and 0.22% relative to the total gross volume of objects in Vienna. Although the total material intensities were comparable to other studies, the material intensities of insulation materials in older buildings were found to be higher in this study because of a higher representativeness of the data used. In addition, the expression of the material intensities related to different reference values such as area or volume of buildings improved comparability with other studies. Nevertheless, further research is required, particularly concerning the selection of representative samples of buildings.
Aortic dissection during pregnancy and puerperium: A Japanese nationwide survey
Authors: Tanaka Hiroaki , Kamiya Chizuko A. , Horiuchi Chinami , Morisaki Hiroko , Tanaka Kayo , Katsuragi Shinji , Hayata Eijiro , Hasegawa Junichi , Nakata Masahiko , Sekizawa Akihiko , Ishiwata Isamu , Ikeda Tomoaki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to characterize the incidence and clinical significance of pregnancy‐related aortic dissection using a large‐scale survey in Japan.MethodsA questionnaire requesting the detailed information included in the clinical charts of pregnancy‐related aortic dissection cases (without any personally identifying information) was designed between 2013 and 2017 and administered to 407 perinatal centers in Japan. The response rate was 70.5%. Seventeen cases of pregnancy‐related aortic dissection were identified.ResultsMaternal death due to aortic dissection was observed in nine patients (56.2%) while seven survived (43.8%). Dissection occurred during the postpartum period in 10 cases (62.5%), the third trimester in 4 (25.0%), labor in 1 (6.2%), and the second trimester in 1 (6.2%). The most common underlying diseases were: Marfan syndrome (25.0%), Loeys‐Dietz syndrome (6.2%), hypertension (6.2%), and Takayasu aortitis (6.2%). Stanford type A aortic dissection was associated with maternal death during both pregnancy and the postpartum period. However, deceased patients showed lower rates of pre‐diagnosed connective tissue disease than did survivors.ConclusionsThe mortality rate of aortic dissection that occurred during pregnancy or postnatal periods was more than 50%. Aortic dissection occurred more frequently in the postnatal period than during pregnancy, and less frequently in women previously diagnosed with connective tissue disease than in women without any medical history of aortic disorders. If symptoms suggestive of aortic dissection, such as severe back pain, are observed, even after the end of pregnancy, exhaustive diagnostic examinations should be carried out.
Micro‐CT imaging of Onchocerca infection of Simulium damnosum s.l. blackflies and comparison of the peritrophic membrane thickness of forest and savannah flies
Authors: Hall M. J. R. , Martín‐Vega D. , Clark B. , Ghosh D. , Rogers M. , Pigoli D. , Veriegh F. B. D. , Tetteh‐Kumah A. , Osei‐Atweneboana M. Y. , Cheke R. A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOnchocerciasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by Onchocerca Diesing 1841 (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) nematodes transmitted by blackflies. It is associated with poverty and imposes a significant health, welfare and economic burden on many tropical countries. Current methods to visualize infections within the vectors rely on invasive methods. However, using micro‐computed tomography techniques, without interference from physical tissue manipulation, we visualized in three dimensions for the first time an L1 larva of an Onchocerca species within the thoracic musculature of a blackfly, Simulium damnosum s.l. Theobald 1903 (Diptera: Simuliidae), naturally infected in Ghana. The possibility that thicker peritrophic membranes in savannah flies could account for their lower parasite loads was not supported, but there were limits to our analysis. While there were no statistically significant differences between the mean thicknesses of the peritrophic membranes, in the anterior, dorsal and ventral regions, of forest and savannah blackflies killed 34–48 min after a blood‐meal, the thickness of the peritrophic membrane in the posterior region could not be measured. Micro‐computed tomography has the potential to provide novel information on many other parasite/vector systems and impactful images for public engagement in health education.
Neuropathology of genetically defined malformations of cortical development—A systematic literature review
Authors: Brock Stefanie , Cools Filip , Jansen Anna C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsMalformations of cortical development (MCD) include a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical, imaging, molecular and histopathological entities. While the understanding of genetic causes of MCD has improved with the availability of next‐generation sequencing modalities, genotype‐histopathological correlations remain limited. This is the first systematic review of molecular and neuropathological findings in patients with MCD to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature.MethodsA systematic review was performed between November 2019 and February 2020. A MEDLINE search was conducted for 132 genes previously linked to MCD in order to identify studies reporting macroscopic and/or microscopic findings in patients with a confirmed genetic cause.ResultsEighty‐one studies were included in this review reporting neuropathological features associated with pathogenic variants in 46 genes (46/132 genes, 34.8%). Four groups emerged, consisting of (1) 13 genes with well‐defined histological‐genotype correlations, (2) 27 genes for which neuropathological reports were limited, (3) 5 genes with conflicting neuropathological features, and (4) 87 genes for which no histological data were available. Lissencephaly and polymicrogyria were reported most frequently. Associated brain malformations were variably present, with abnormalities of the corpus callosum as most common associated feature.ConclusionsNeuropathological data in patients with MCD with a defined genetic cause are available only for a small number of genes. As each genetic cause might lead to unique histopathological features of MCD, standardised thorough neuropathological assessment and reporting should be encouraged. Histological features can help improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of MCD and generate hypotheses with impact on further research directions.
A Bayesian Network Model for Seismic Risk Analysis
Authors: Zhang Y. , Weng W.G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEarthquakes are one of the most unpredictable natural disasters. A series of secondary and derived disaster events may occur afterwards and lead to even more consequences. In such situations, a seismic risk analysis that takes into account secondary and derived disaster events is vital in reducing the risks of such disasters. The absence of a holistic seismic risk analysis model—one that takes into account the derived disaster events—may mean that the serious consequences of the disaster chains set off by earthquakes are neglected. This article proposes a comprehensive seismic risk analysis that enables a better understanding of seismic disaster chains and rescue scenarios. The approach is based on a Bayesian network constructed using scenario‐based methods. The final network structure is achieved by learning parameters. To determine the critical secondary disasters and the key emergency‐response measures, probability adaptation and updating using the Bayesian model were performed. The practical application of the model is illustrated using the Wenchuan earthquake and the Jiuzhaigou earthquake in China. The two examples show that the model can be used to predict the potential effects of secondary disasters and the final seismic losses. The results of the model can help decisionmakers gain a comprehensive understanding of seismic risk and implement practical emergency‐rescue measures to reduce risk and losses.
Identity Leadership in a Crisis: A 5R Framework for Learning from Responses to COVID‐19
Authors: Haslam S. Alexander , Steffens Niklas K. , Reicher Stephen D. , Bentley Sarah V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is the greatest global crisis of our lifetimes, and leadership has been critical to societies’ capacity to deal with it. Here effective leadership has brought people together, provided a clear perspective on what is happening and what response is needed, and mobilized the population to act in the most effective ways to bring the pandemic under control. Informed by a model of identity leadership (Haslam, Reicher & Platow, 2020), this review argues that leaders’ ability to do these things is grounded in their ability to represent and advance the shared interests of group members and to create and embed a sense of shared social identity among them (a sense of “us‐ness”). For leaders, then, this sense of us‐ness is the key resource that they need to marshal in order to harness the support and energy of citizens. The review discusses examples of the successes and failures of different leaders during the pandemic and organizes these around five policy priorities related to the 5Rs of identity leadership: readying, reflecting, representing, realizing, and reinforcing. These priorities and associated lessons are relevant not only to the management of COVID‐19 but to crisis management and leadership more generally.
A model ensemble approach to determine the humus building efficiency of organic amendments in incubation experiments
Authors: Gasser Anton A. , Diel Julius , Nielsen Kerstin , Mewes Paul , Engels Christof , Franko Uwe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOrganic amendments are important to sustain soil organic matter (SOM) and soil functions in agricultural soils. Information about the contribution of organic amendments to SOM can be derived from incubation experiments. In this study, data from 72 incubated organic amendments including plant residues, digestates and manure were analysed. The incubation data was compiled from three experimental setups with varying incubation times, soils and incubation temperatures, in which CO2 release was measured continuously. The analysis of the incubation data was performed with an approach relying on conceptual parts of C‐TOOL, CCB, Century, ICBM, RothC and Yasso which are all well‐approved first‐order carbon models that differ in structure and abstraction level. All models are an approximation of reality, whereby each model differs in understanding of the processes involved in soil carbon dynamics. To accumulate the advantages from each model a model ensemble was performed for each substrate. With the ability of each carbon model to compute the distribution of carbon into specific SOM pools a new approach for evaluating organic amendments in terms of humus building efficiency is presented that, depends on the weighted model fit of each ensemble member. Depending on the organic substrate added to the soil, the time course of CO2 release in the incubation studies was predicted with different accuracy by the individual model concepts. Averaging the output of the individual models leads to more robust prediction of SOM dynamics. The EHUM value is easy to interpret and the results are in accordance with the literature.