bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of cellphone position on driving and gaze behaviour
Authors: Turnbull Philip R. K. , Khanal Safal , Dakin Steven C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLegislation frequently restricts the use of cellphones while driving. Despite this, many people continue to interact with cellphones covertly while driving, typically by concealing their device in their lap. This strategy leads to frequent diversion of the drivers’ gaze from the road ahead, potentially reducing their driving performance. To evaluate the influence of cellphone use on driving, 30 participants took part in three randomly ordered 7-min virtual reality driving simulations. In each condition, drivers were presented with either (a) no cellphone, (b) a cellphone fixed to the windscreen, or (c) a cellphone positioned at lap level. Their task was to maintain road position and observe speed limits while answering maths problems (delivered intermittently via ‘text message’) and searching for external target objects. Outcome measures included speed, lane position standard deviation (LPSD), and fixation behaviour, which were compared between trials. In trials where a cellphone was present, participants shifted fixation more frequently, drove approximately 6 km/h faster, exhibited a lower LPSD and spent more time in the correct lane on the road (compared to the no-cellphone condition; all p < 0.001). Cellphone position influenced eye gaze behaviour, with drivers looking at the cellphone less frequently, and the speedometer more frequently. when the cellphone was in their lap compared to when the cellphone was positioned on the windscreen. Our results are consistent with participants driving more cautiously—checking speed and lane position more frequently—when they have a cellphone in the lap. Real-world driving data would be useful to determine whether this change in driving behaviour we observed is sufficient to offset the increased risk introduced by spending less time looking at the road ahead.
Visualizing the in-vivo application of zinc in sensitive skin using reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Ahn Hye-Jin , Kim Hae Jin , Ham Hyein , Baek Ji Hwoon , Lee Young , Alamgir Mahin , Rao Babar , Shin Min Kyung 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFindings obtained on objective assessments to evaluate sensitive skin do not correlate well with the symptomatology. We utilized reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) to compare transepidermal application of zinc in sensitive and non-sensitive skin. Thirty-six subjects participated in this study. They were divided into groups based on lactic acid sting test (LAST):‘stinger’ and ‘non-stinger’; transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements; and sensitivity self-assessments: ‘sensitive’ and ‘non-sensitive’. RCM images were taken to visualize transepidermal application of topically-applied zinc. The intensity of zinc reflectance at different depths was measured by ImageJ software. Based on LAST scores, the ‘stinger’ group showed significantly higher reflectance of zinc at 8 µm (stratum corneum) [face (P < 0.001), forearm (P = 0.004)], and at 80–104 µm (dermo-epidermal junction layer) on the face. High-TEWL group showed increased zinc reflectance at 8–24 µm (tight junction layer, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences amongst subjects self-reporting ‘sensitive’ and ‘non-sensitive’ skin. RCM demonstrates that in sensitive skin, there is deeper and higher reflectance of zinc at multiple depths. Structural differences are also visualized. We suggest that RCM is a useful tool for evaluating skin barrier integrity.
Genetic diversity and population structure of razor clam Sinonovacula constricta in Ariake Bay, Japan, revealed using RAD-Seq SNP markers
Authors: Orita Ryo , Nagano Yukio , Kawamura Yoshio , Kimura Kei , Kobayashi Genta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe razor clam Sinonovacula constricta is a commercially important bivalve in Japan. The current distribution of this species in Japan is limited to Ariake Bay, where the fishery stock is declining. It is necessary to understand the genetic population structure of this species in order to restore the fishery stock while preserving the genetic diversity of the clam. Here, we report for the first time the genetic population structure of S. constricta in Ariake Bay, Japan. Paired-end restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) analyzed samples of S. constricta collected from seven mudflats located along Ariake Bay. Two different genetic populations exist in Ariake Bay, one inhabiting wild habitats and the other inhabiting the transplanted area of artificial seedlings. Our results suggest that genetic differentiation occurred between these two populations (Fst value = 0.052), and a high level of genetic differentiation is maintained between the two groups. In the future, monitoring the interbreeding status of the two genetically distinct populations and the genetic differentiation within each population is important for conserving the genetic diversity of S. constricta in Japan.
Changes in vitamin D levels and depressive symptoms in later life in England
Authors: Di Gessa Giorgio , Biddulph Jane P. , Zaninotto Paola , de Oliveira Cesar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInadequate vitamin D levels have been associated with increased risk of depression. However, most of these studies are cross-sectional and failed to investigate the effect of changes in vitamin D levels. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association of changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with depressive symptoms in 3365 participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a large nationally-representative study of older adults. Based on their vitamin D levels at baseline and follow-up (sufficient ≥ 50 nmol/L; insufficient < 50 nmol/L), participants were classified as follows: with sufficient levels at both waves; with sufficient levels at baseline but not at follow-up; with insufficient levels at baseline but ≥ 50 nmol/L at follow-up; and with levels < 50 nmol/L at each time point. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 8-point CES-D scale. Data were analysed using logistic regression models. Compared with those with sufficient levels of vitamin D at both waves, only those with insufficient levels throughout were more likely to report elevated depressive symptoms (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.00–1.93). Becoming or no longer being vitamin D deficient was, in the short term, not associated with elevated depressive symptoms. Further evidence is required on whether vitamin D supplementation might contribute to the prevention or treatment of depression as well as on the duration of time for changes in vitamin D levels to lead to detectable changes in depressive symptoms.
Size reduction and performance improvement of a microstrip Wilkinson power divider using a hybrid design technique
Authors: Jamshidi Mohammad Behdad , Roshani Saeed , Talla Jakub , Roshani Sobhan , Peroutka Zdenek 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the design of a microstrip power divider, there are some important factors, including harmonic suppression, insertion loss, and size reduction, which affect the quality of the final product. Thus improving each of these factors contributes to a more efficient design. In this respect, a hybrid technique to reduce the size and improve the performance of a Wilkinson power divider (WPD) is introduced in this paper. The proposed method includes a typical series LC circuit, a miniaturizing inductor, and two transmission lines, which make an LC branch. Accordingly, two quarter-wavelength branches of the conventional WPD are replaced by two proposed LC branches. Not only does this modification lead to a 100% size reduction, an infinite number of harmonics suppression, and high-frequency selectivity theoretically, but it also results in a noticeable performance improvement practically compared to using quarter-wavelength branches in the conventional microstrip power dividers. The main important contributions of this technique are extreme size reduction and harmonic suppression for the implementation of a filtering power divider (FPD). Furthermore, by tuning the LC circuit, the arbitrary numbers of unwanted harmonics are blocked while the operating frequency, the stopband bandwidth, and the operating bandwidth are chosen optionally. The experimental result verifies the theoretical and simulated results of the proposed technique and demonstrates its potential for improving the performance and reducing the size of other similar microstrip components.
Bayesian estimation‐based sentiment word embedding model for sentiment analysis
Authors: Tang Jingyao , Xue Yun , Wang Ziwen , Hu Shaoyang , Gong Tao , Chen Yinong , Zhao Haoliang , Xiao Luwei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSentiment word embedding has been extensively studied and used in sentiment analysis tasks. However, most existing models have failed to differentiate high‐frequency and low‐frequency words. Accordingly, the sentiment information of low‐frequency words is insufficiently captured, thus resulting in inaccurate sentiment word embedding and degradation of overall performance of sentiment analysis. A Bayesian estimation‐based sentiment word embedding (BESWE) model, which aims to precisely extract the sentiment information of low‐frequency words, has been proposed. In the model, a Bayesian estimator is constructed based on the co‐occurrence probabilities and sentiment probabilities of words, and a novel loss function is defined for sentiment word embedding learning. The experimental results based on the sentiment lexicons and Movie Review dataset show that BESWE outperforms many state‐of‐the‐art methods, for example, C&W, CBOW, GloVe, SE‐HyRank and DLJT1, in sentiment analysis tasks, which demonstrate that Bayesian estimation can effectively capture the sentiment information of low‐frequency words and integrate the sentiment information into the word embedding through the loss function. In addition, replacing the embedding of low‐frequency words in the state‐of‐the‐art methods with BESWE can significantly improve the performance of those methods in sentiment analysis tasks.
A pre‐processing technique to decrease inspection time in glass tube production lines
Authors: De Vitis Gabriele Antonio , Foglia Pierfrancesco , Prete Cosimo Antonio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn case of glass tube for pharmaceutical applications, high‐quality defect detection is made via inspection systems based on computer vision. The processing must guarantee real‐time inspection and meet increasing rate and quality requirements. Defect detection in glass tubes is complicated by aspects that hamper the efficiency of state‐of‐the‐art techniques. This paper presents a pre‐processing algorithm which excludes portions of the image where defects are surely absent. The approach decreases the time for defect detection and classification phases (any detection algorithm can be applied), as they are applied only in high‐probability candidate sub‐image. We derive a methodology to get robust values of algorithm's parameters during production. The algorithm relies on detrended standard deviation and double threshold hysteresis, which solve issues related to the misalignment between illuminator and acquisition camera, and enable a robust detection despite rotation, vibration, and irregularities of tubes. We consider Canny, MAGDDA, and Niblack algorithms. The solution keeps the detection quality of such algorithms and reaches a 4.69× throughput gain. It represents a methodology to obtain defect detection in time‐constrained environments through a software‐only approach, and can be exploited in parallel/accelerated solutions and in contexts where a linear camera is utilized on both flat and uneven surfaces.
Falling motion detection algorithm based on deep learning
Authors: Zhu Na , Zhao Guangzhe , Zhang Xiaolong , Jin Zhexue 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFalling is a significant cause of injuries and even death in the elderly. The timely detection of the fall action helps to rescue people who may have physical health problems due to the fall, so fall detection is necessary. The traditional fall detection methods are mostly based on wearable devices, which need to be worn all the time, and the cost of the device is high. In recent years, the fall detection method based on computer vision has become a research hot spot. This paper proposes a framework for falling motion detection based on deep learning. To quickly and accurately classify human movements, a method using bone key points as the feature descriptors of human movements is proposed. The OpenPose algorithm is used to extract the human skeleton point information as the primary human body feature, and then use the deep learning method to classify further and recognise our action features. In this paper, four types of daily actions, such as falling and walking, are classified and recognised. The results show that the algorithm achieves an accuracy of 99.4% on our dataset. Simultaneously, 86.1% accuracy is reached in the public dataset fall detection dataset.
Enhancement algorithm for high visibility of underwater images
Authors: Mathur Monika , Goel Nidhi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUnderwater image enhancement has been attracting researchers in present day scenario for exploring the marine life. But underwater images suffer from various glitches like haziness, low contrast and faded colours due to absorption and scattering properties of light in water. To overcome these issues, the present paper proposes an enhancement method for underwater images. The proposed enhancement method comprises of three steps, i.e. automatic white balancing, dehazing and Rayleigh stretching in spatial domain. Automatic white balancing technique removes the colour cast from underwater images. Haze removal algorithm efficiently overcomes the haziness but it also reduces the local contrast and making the image appear dull. For improving the dehazing result and the visual quality simultaneously, the proposed method process the image by histogram stretching technique based on Rayleigh distribution. The proposed method corrects the colour cast and improves the contrast along with removing the haze from underwater images. Subjective and objective analysis on dataset validates the efficiency of proposed method and the enhanced images achieve better visual quality as compared to the existing methods. High values of EMEE, EME, UIQM and UCIQE for different types of underwater images further proves the potential and efficacy of the proposed method.
Analysis of glucose‐dependent dielectric properties of aqueous‐based solution: A proof of concept
Authors: Satish  , Sen Kushal , Anand Sneh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn spite of widespread research and exploration, the status of non‐invasive blood glucometer for diabetic people is far from satisfactory. This unlocks the prospect for further significant research in the field of non‐invasive blood glucose sensing. An approach towards the research on the development of non‐invasive blood glucometer relies on the establishment of correlation, if any, exists between the dielectric properties of blood and the blood glucose level. In this context, the in‐vitro study is undertaken as a proof of concept using a standard liquid‐dielectric‐test‐fixture. The research is conducted to analyse the variation in dielectric properties of aqueous‐based solution with respect to glucose concentration by utilising test fixture. The employed measurement set‐up and the procedure used for the estimation of dielectric properties (complex‐relative‐permittivity and dissipation factor) of the solution under test are presented. The measurement set‐up is validated by determining the dielectric properties of the reference liquid. The evaluation of uncertainty‐in‐measurement in the complex‐relative‐permittivity and dissipation factor is also provided in detail. However, the variation in dielectric properties is found to be small under tested conditions, and the in‐vitro study conducted out in the perspective of proof of concept has provided an insight that the change in glucose concentration results in quantifiable variation in dielectric properties.
Tay-Sachs Disease: Two Novel Rare HEXA Mutations from Pakistan and Morocco
Authors: Bibi Farah , Ullah Asmat , Bourinaris Thomas , Efthymiou Stephanie , Kriouile Yamna , Sultan Tipu , Haider Shahzad , Salpietro Vincenzo , Houlden Henry , Kaukab Raja Ghazala 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is a rare autosomalrecessive genetic disorder characterized by progressive destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. It is caused by genetic variations in the HEXA gene leading to a deficiency of β hexosaminidase A (HEXA) isoenzyme activity. This study aimed to identify causative gene variants in 3 unrelated consanguineous families presented with TSD from Pakistan and Morocco.
Methods Detailed clinical investigations were carried out on probands in 3 unrelated consanguineous families of Pakistani and Moroccan origin. Targeted gene sequencing and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) were performed for variant identification. Candidate variants were checked for co-segregation with the phenotype using Sanger sequencing. Public databases including ExAC, GnomAD, dbSNP and the 1,000 Genome Project were searched to determine frequencies of the alleles. Conservation of the missense variants was ensured by aligning orthologous protein sequences from diverse vertebrate species.
Results We report on 3 children presented with Tay-Sachs Disease. The β hexosaminidaseA enzyme activity was reduced in the Pakistani patient in one of the pedigrees. Genetic testing revealed 2 novel homozygous variants (p.Asp386Alafs*13 and p.Trp266Gly) in the gene HEXA in Pakistani and Moroccan patients respectively.The third family of Pakistani origin revealed a previously reported variant (p.Tyr427Ilefs*5) in HEXA. p.Tyr427Ilefs*5 is the most commonly occurring pathogenic variationin Ashkenazi but was not reported in Pakistani population.
Conclusion Our study further expands the ethnic and mutational spectrum of Tay-Sachs disease emphasizing the usefulness of WES as a powerful diagnostic tool where enzymatic activity is not performed for Tay-Sachs disease. The study recommends targeted screening for these mutations (p.Tyr427Ilefs5) for cost effective testing of TSD patients. Further, the study would assist in carrier testing and prenatal diagnosis of the affected families.
Der Lichen planus des Ösophagus – Eine unterschätzte Erkrankung
Authors: Monasterio Carmen , Decker Annegrit , Schauer Franziska , Büttner Nico , Schmidt Arthur , Schmitt-Gräff Annette , Kreisel Wolfgang 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungEine Beteiligung des Ösophagus bei der Hauterkrankung Lichen planus wurde erstmals 1982 beschrieben und fast 30 Jahre lang als eine Rarität angesehen. Untersuchungen der letzten 10 Jahre aber zeigen, dass diese Erkrankung weniger selten ist als angenommen. Es ist sogar anzunehmen, dass der ösophageale Lichen planus (Esophageal Lichen planus, ELP) häufiger ist als die Eosinophile Ösophagitis (EoE). Die Ösophagusbeteiligung betrifft meist Frauen im mittleren Alter. Das Hauptsymptom ist eine Dysphagie. Endoskopisch erkennt man in der Speiseröhre eine charakteristische Schleimhautablösung, eine Trachealisierung, und gelegentlich Hyperkeratosen und bei langem Bestehen auch Stenosen. Wegweisend ist die Histologie mit einer subepithelialen Ablösung sowie einem bandförmigen Infiltrat aus T-Lymphozyten, dem Nachweis von apoptotischen Keratinozyten (Civatte Bodies) und Dyskeratosen. Die direkte Immunfluoreszenz zeigt Fibrinogen-Ablagerungen entlang der Basalmembran. Eine etablierte Therapie gibt es bisher nicht. Die Behandlung mit topischen Steroiden ist in 2/3 der Fälle wirksam. Eine Therapie wie beim klassischen Lichen planus scheint unwirksam zu sein. Bei symptomatischen Stenosen kann eine Dilatation indiziert sein. Der ELP reiht sich in die Gruppe der „neuen“ immunologisch vermittelten Erkrankungen des Ösophagus ein.
Auswirkungen der COVID-19 Pandemie auf die medizinische Versorgung von Patienten mit angeborenen Blutungsneigungen
Authors: Olivieri Martin , Halimeh Susan , Wermes Cornelia , Hassenpflug Wolf , Holstein Katharina , von Mackensen Sylvia 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Chronische Erkrankungen, wie z. B. angeborene Blutungsneigungen (IBD: Inherited Bleeding Disorders), gehen häufig mit einem erhöhten Versorgungsaufwand einher. Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der COVID-19 Pandemie, inklusive Isolation und Triageierung, haben zu Einschränkungen in der Krankenversorgung von chronisch kranken Patienten geführt. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die Auswirkungen der COVID-19 Pandemie auf die Krankenversorgung von IBD-Patienten zu untersuchen.Methodik In dieser multizentrischen Querschnittsstudie zur Bewertung der Auswirkungen von COVID-19 auf die psychische Gesundheit und Versorgungsqualität von Patienten mit angeborener Blutungsneigung wurde ein ad-hoc Fragebogen an 586 Patienten/Eltern von Kindern mit Hämophilie A, B oder von Willebrand Syndrom Typ 3 verschickt. Neben demografischen und klinischen Daten wurden IBD Patienten zu ihren Gedanken, Sorgen und Erfahrungen in Bezug auf ihre medizinische Versorgung während der COVID-19 Pandemie befragt. Unterschiede zwischen klinischen Subgruppen wurden berechnet.Ergebnisse Signifikante Unterschiede zeigten sich zwischen Subgruppen (Schweregrad, Art der Therapie, Produktklasse, Komorbiditäten) bezüglich Übertragung von COVID-19 durch Plasmaprodukte, Auswirkungen COVID-19 positiver Testergebnisse, Angst COVID-19 zu bekommen, verzögerter Medikamentenversorgung und Physiotherapiebehandlung.Diskussion Die medizinische Versorgung von IBD-Patienten, die eine kontinuierliche Versorgung mit lebensnotwendigen Medikamenten benötigen, stellt in Pandemiezeiten eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Daher sollten Sorgen und Ängste von IBD-Patienten ernst genommen und innovative Kommunikationswege zur Aufrechterhaltung von Therapiestandards und Versorgungsqualität etabliert werden.
Proline-Histidine Dipeptide: A Suitable Template for Generating Ion-Tagged Organocatalysts for the Asymmetric Aldol Reaction
Authors: Inani Heena , Singh Avtar , Zlotin Sergei G. , Easwar Srinivasan , Bhati Meeta , Kumari Kiran , Kucherenko Alexander S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProline-histidine dipeptide laid the foundation for the construction of three new ion-tagged organocatalysts, utilising the imidazole moiety of histidine for generating the quaternary species. A brief comparative investigation of the catalysts in the enamine-mediated direct asymmetric aldol reaction brought out their contrasting features, particularly under aqueous conditions. The best among them was also utilised in preparing some derivatives and effecting a desymmetrisation.
Papillary Muscle Heads Focalization for Functional Mitral Regurgitation with Severe Tethering
Authors: Hata Masatoshi , Bleiziffer Sabine , Schramm René , Gummert Jan F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe performed “Papillary muscle heads focalization” for three patients with severe functional mitral regurgitation with severe leaflet tethering (coaptation distance ≥1 cm and/or posterior leaflet angle ≥45 degrees). All separated papillary muscle heads were sutured together and both the anterolateral and posteromedial papillary muscles were reconstructed as single head papillary muscles. The stitches are positioned to adjust the levels of mitral leaflet tips, concerning the length of the marginal chordae connected to each head. A downsized annuloplasty is performed concomitantly. At discharge, no patient showed moderate/severe mitral regurgitation. Their coaptation lengths were 7.1, 8.5, and 8.3 mm.