bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the hierarchy of normative legal acts in the legal system: experience of consular work abroad
Authors: Lyubimov A. P. , Oreshenkov A. M. 
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION.The article analyzes the current problems of the consular service. In the practical work of officials of the consular service of the Russian Federation, periodically arise situations in which it is necessary to make decisions taking into account the hierarchy of national legal acts and norms of international law, which are an integral part of the legal system of Russia. The situation complicated by the lack of a normative document that clearly and unambiguously regulates the hierarchy of legal acts that make up this system. The present article, based on the experience of the authors' work abroad, is a comprehensive study for making possible decisions within the framework of the issue under consideration on those non-standard issues that periodically are faced by employees of consular offices.MATERIALS AND METHODS.This article is based on the analysis of the provisions of article 15 of the Russian Constitution (taking into account the recently introduced amendments to the Constitution), on the decisions of the Constitutional and Supreme courts of Russia, laws of the Russian Federation, in particular, of the Civil code of the Russian Federation and the Federal law «On international treaties of the Russian Federation», and also in comparison of the legal systems of Russia, USA and Norway in the question of the primacy of national or international law, as well on real situations that occurred during one of the author's work in the consular service of the Russian MFA. The research method is based on the General scientific method of cognition.RESEARCH RESULTS.The article leads to the conclusion that in the question of the primacy of national or international law in the domestic legal system of a state gives its legislation different degrees of freedom to the Supreme state bodies in a flexible approach to the implementation of international legal obligations within the framework of the generally recognized principle of international law «pacta sunt servanda» – «treaties must be observed». Besides, within the framework of Russian national law, there are legally established opportunities to implement the norms of subordinate normative acts in the presence of a law that regulates the same type of relations in a different way.DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS.The article provides a regulatory framework that can be used by Russian foreign offices and the MFA in case of violation by the authorities of the host country of the norms of bilateral and multilateral treaties to which Russia and the country concerned are parties. As a conclusion, it is suggested that a clear understanding of the hierarchy of normative acts in the Russian legal system is necessary for its competent application by officials of Russian foreign offices in solving issues in the field of national legislation, as well as the use of international law by these persons in protecting the rights and interests of the Russian Federation, its legal entities and individuals.
Is it the Time to Revisit Historical Bladder Neck Buttressing for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence?
Authors: Purwar Bhawana , Knox Sarah , Vij Monika , Emery Simon 
Published: January 2021

Objectives:
The aim of our study was to assess improvement in bladder function and quality of life using Australian Pelvic floor questionnaire as Patient Reported Outcome tool following anterior repair and urethral buttressing for treating stress urinary incontinence (SUI) with prolapse using polydioxanone sutures.

Material and Methods:
This was the prospective review of retrospective data. The data were collected through telephone or postal questionnaire by an independent researcher who was not involved in the patient care directly and analyzed with Stata (14.2).

Results:
About 78% (61/78) of women responded to the questionnaires. Statistically significant improvement in bladder function scores was noted after surgery (5.12 ± 2.06 vs. 3.69 ± 2.26; P = 0.001) along with an overall improvement in the quality of life scores (17.88 ± 8.03 vs. 11.56 ± 9.01; P = 0.005) at mean follow-up of 31 months. Overall, 54% patients reported improvement in their symptoms. The re-operation rate for second continence procedure for SUI was 1/61 (1.6%).

Conclusion:
This procedure can be offered to patients as a treatment option for SUI with prolapse.
An electrophysiological comparison of freshly isolated caprine articular chondrocytes versus cryopreserved chondrocytes
Authors: Kachroo Upasana , Kanthakumar Praghalathan 
Published: January 2021

Objectives:Cryopreserved chondrocytes find numerous applications in reconstructive surgery, tissue engineering, and cell-based therapy. Cryopreserved chondrocytes may behave differently due to a change in cell biology. To assess phenotype maintenance, the electrophysiological profile of the cells can be studied. In this study, a comparison between freshly isolated and cryopreserved chondrocytes was made by recording ionic currents using patch clamp.Materials and Methods:Caprine articular chondrocytes were harvested and cryopreserved for 7–15 days and divided into two groups. Percentage cell viability was assessed, following which both fresh and cryopreserved cells were subjected to analysis in whole cell configuration using depolarizing voltage steps.Results:Outwardly, rectifying currents were recorded in both groups. Comparison of current densities at all potentials above the threshold, revealed no significant difference between fresh and cryopreserved chondrocytes.Conclusion:As electrophysiological properties of cryopreserved chondrocytes appear to be maintained, they may be readily utilized in place of fresh cells.
Prevalence of spacing and crowding in permanent dentition among patients visiting a private dental hospital
Authors: Shamaa Anjum A  , Srirengalakshmi  , Delphine Priscilla Antony S  
Published: January 2021

Malocclusion can be defined as an occlusion in which there is a mal relationship between the arches in any of the planes or one in which there are anomalies in tooth position beyond the normal limits. The literal meaning of malocclusion is a bad bite. People equate good dental appearance with success in many aspects. With the increasing demand for orthodontic treatment, the epidemiological data of malocclusion is essential in assessing the resources for orthodontic services. To assess the prevalence of spacing and crowding in the permanent dentition of patients visiting a private dental hospital. This study was based on data of patients who reported to the Department of Orthodontics, in a private teaching hospital in Chennai, India which was collected by reviewing patients records and analysing the data of 86000 patients. The data consisted of treatment done for spacing and crowding of permanent teeth in both arches in patients of age 12 to 25 years. Prevalence of crowding (64%) was more common than spacing (36%) indicating that crowding is the most common anomaly in both maxilla and mandible. Both maxilla and mandible showed statistical significance for age and gender. This study reveals that crowding is the most common anomaly in both arches.
Protección y Mejoramiento Biotecnológico en el Ecuador
Authors: Orellana Sánchez Diego 
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo contrasta el mejoramiento y la protección de la Propiedad Intelectual en cuanto a los cambios en el sector productivo, económico y político en el Ecuador con una rama especifica de la materia antes mencionada denominada como “Obtenciones Vegetales”. Para lograr encaminar el objeto de la presente investigación, el artículo se centrará en el análisis de conceptos fundamentales, el reconocimiento de la normativa aplicable y además los órganos competentes, en el caso concreto se analizará la SENADI, la cual entre sus funciones está garantizar la adquisición y ejercicio de los derechos de PI de conformidad con el Código Orgánico de la Economía Social de los Conocimientos, Creatividad e Innovación. Como aporte a su efectividad también es importante recalcar el énfasis del artículo con el Análisis Económico del Derecho con respecto a los derechos reconocidos y con la importancia de su aplicabilidad, esto con el objetivo de lograr establecer un camino para el fortalecimiento de los derechos y así generar un impacto económico positivo en la sociedad ecuatoriana.
Buena Administración y procedimiento administrativo en el Ecuador
Authors: Cuenca Sheyla 
Published: January 2021

La buena administración hace referencia a aquella institucionalidad que cumple las disposiciones establecidas en el ordenamiento normativo, justifica sus decisiones y se orienta a la consecución del interés público y protección de derechos de las personas. Como derecho, principio u obligación ha sido incorporada de forma paulatina a los diferentes ordenamientos jurídicos. En el Ecuador, únicamente el Código Orgánico Administrativo tiene una norma que reconoce este derecho, sin otorgarle contenido. Es preciso articular medidas que garanticen el efectivo cumplimiento de este derecho en el procedimiento administrativo.
Pengembangan Algoritma Ant Colony System Pada Heterogeneous Vehicle Routing Problem with Soft Time Window
Authors: Kristina Sonna , Sianturi Ricky , Wijaya Valian Janelven 
Published: January 2021

Setiap perusahaan umumnya memiliki sistem distribusi dan transportasi dalam menunjang pengiriman barang kepada customer. Diperlukan sistem distribusi yang efektif dan efisien sehingga biaya dari transportasi dalam perusahaan dapat diminimasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan algoritma Ant Colony System (ACS) untuk model matematis Heterogeneous VehicleRouting Problem with Soft Time Window (HVRPSTW) pada penentuan rute transportasi yang dapat meminimasi biaya pada perusahaan PT XYZ. HVRPSTW merupakan VRP yang mempertimbangkan kendaraan yang beragam dan jendela waktu dengan adanya biaya penalti yang dibebankan apabila kendaraan tiba di luar waktu yang telah ditentukan. Salah satu cara yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan VRP adalah metode metaheuristic ACS. Metode ACS diimplementasikan untuk menemukan rute kendaraan terbaik sesuai dengan kendala-kendala yang sudah ditentukan. Tahapan awal adalah mencari solusi awal menggunakan metode Nearest Neighbour yang akan digunakan sebagai pheromone awal. Proses pencarian rute pada ACS menggunakan tahapan tour construction lalu dilakukan update pheromone. Pemecahan masalah akan dilakukan dengan bantuan aplikasi Python. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dihasilkan total jarak sebesar 1448,98 km dan total cost sebesar Rp. 3.582.367,86, di mana terjadi selisih jarak dengan penelitian sebelumnya menggunakan metode eksak sebesar 6,48 km (0,45%) dan selisih total biaya sebesar Rp. 42.248,86 (1,19%).
Kata kunci: ant colony optimization, vehicle routing problem, kapasitas kendaraan yang beragam, jendela waktu, biaya transportasi.
Perbaikan Tata Letak Gudang dengan Association Rule Mining dan Dedicated Storage Policy di PT Andika-Indramayu
Authors: Angelia Fani , Santoso Santoso , Suhada Kartika 
Published: January 2021

PD Andika adalah perusahaan yang menjual berbagai macam produk jadi, seperti alat tulis kantor, bahan pokok, kosmetik, makanan, minuman,obat, rokok, dan kebutuhan sehari-hari lainnya. Perusahaan ini memiliki gudang penyimpanan produk yang cukup luas dan terdiri dari 2 lantai. Akan tetapi, produk-produk yang ada di dalamnya tampak kurang tertata dengan rapi, dimana area gang ditempati oleh beberapa produk sehingga tidak dapat dilalui oleh trolley dan kategori produk yang sering dibeli oleh konsumen secara bersamaan diletakkan berjauhan. Hal tersebut dikarenakan penempatan produk dilakukan secara random, sehingga menyebabkan jarak pengambilan produk lebih jauh dan total waktu yang dibutuhkan menjadi lebih lama. Di samping itu juga terjadi masalah rusaknya dus kemasan produk akibat dimakan rayap, karena dus langsung diletakkan di atas lantai tanpa alas sehingga menyebabkan lembab.
Metode yang diusulkan untuk memperbaiki tata letak saat ini adalah Dedicated Storage, dimana produk diletakkan pada tempat penyimpanan yangpasti dan tidak bercampur dengan barang lainnya. Metode ini juga dikaitkan dengan association rule mining untuk mencari korelasi antar kategori produk dan mengetahui kategori produk yang sering dibeli bersamaan oleh pelanggan.
Manfaat penerapan tata letak usulan dari sisi kuantitatif adalah total jarak perpindahan produk yang semula sebesar 5.436,671 m per 6 bulan berkurang menjadi 1.231,788 m atau terjadi penghematan sebesar 4.204,883m atau 77,34 %. Dari sisi kualitatif, pengambilan produk menjadi lebih mudah karena digunakannya alat material handling berupa trolley barang serta produk sudah memiliki tempat penyimpanan yang pasti sehingga memudahkan dalam penyimpanan dan pengambilan produk-produk yang dibutuhkan. Dalam upaya menghindari gangguan rayap akibatlembabnya kardus kemasan produk, diusulkan penggunaan alas berupa kardus berukuran 90 x 90 cm dengan ketebalan 2 cm yang dimilikiperusahaan.
Kata Kunci : association rule mining, dedicated storage policy, jarak perpindahan, tata letak
A Psychosemantic Study of Compensation Psychological Defense Mechanism in the Novice Military Leaders
Authors: Khraban Tetyana , Khraban Ihor 
Published: January 2021

The aim of the article is to study the formative impact of the defense mechanism “compensation” on the leader’s personality. The research is based on the axiological semantic research method created due to the development and application of experimental psychosemantics to the issue of leadership. An experiment was conducted with the view of confirming the fact of impact of the defense mechanism “compensation” on the leader’s personality formation. This experiment involved 30 students undergoing leadership training for tactical officers at the Heroiv Krut Military Institute of Telecommunications and Information Technologies. A test-questionnaire was created to experimentally substantiate the reliability of the proposed conjecture. At the outset of the experiment, the participants were asked to note in the test-questionnaire the basic postulates they rely on when forming relationships in the military community. For the purpose of creating a relaxed atmosphere the postulates (60 units) were presented in the form of posts (quotes and aphorisms) which are most often posted on social media pages. Based on the methods of psychological subjective semantics and psychosemantics, we established the predominance of a certain form of defence mechanism “compensation”. Then followed the assessment of the leadership role preferences displayed by the participating pilot students, this providing the basis for drawing conclusions as regards the tendency for a particular form of leadership. Matching of the obtained results revealed correlations between mental reflections of various phenomena. Although correlational study has a lower degree of confidence in predicting cause and effect, it can provide strong indications that relationships exist. Results and discussions. The defense mechanism “direct compensation” correlates with the kind of “fighter” leader, “overcompensation” correlates with the kind “father”, “decompensation” correlates with the kind “tyrant”. To conclude, trend to use a certain type of defense mechanism affects the acceptance and assimilation of a certain role type of leader. In addition, the use of information which are most often posted by social media users on their personal accounts as a content for the test-questionnaire allows us to conclude about the possibility of using social media account to determine the psychological type of personality by analyzing posts, likes and comments.
Strategies for Determining German Nouns' Gender by College Students
Authors: Kiyko Svitlana , Kiyko Yuriy , Drebet Viktor 
Published: January 2021

The article is dedicated to the study of strategies for determining the gender of nouns of the German language by Ukrainian-speaking first-year-students at the Yuriy Fedkovych National University of Chernivtsi, Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to establish the strategies for determining the gender of nouns on the basis of phonetic, morphological, and semantic criteria and experimentally trace the impact of interlingual and intralingual interference in the process of gender categorization of nouns. The material of the study included 60 nouns, out of which 30 were phonetic equivalents and 30 – semantic ones. Each group contained 10 nouns of the masculine, feminine and neuter gender respectively, with the same number of structurally different nouns among them, which were selected according to semantic, morphological, and phonetic rules of gender identification. To identify strategies for determining the gender of German nouns, two psycholinguistic experiments were held with a month interval. The experiments involved 30 first-year-students at the University of Chernivtsi (German department), who had to decide whether the noun gender specified in DMDX program is correct. Thus, the article in half of the given nouns was set incorrectly in the program. The obtained results indicate that the gender of the noun of the native language significantly affects gender determining of the German phonetic equivalent (85% of all mistakes in determining the gender in Experiment 1 and 47% – in Experiment 2). The students also focus on the suffixes or endings of German nouns when choosing the correct gender. Phonetic or semantic rules for determining gender play a secondary role. The gender of a noun in the native language prevents the correct choice of the gender in the German language, which is twice as often recorded for phonetic equivalents.
A Methodological Framework for the Interdisciplinary Literary Text Analysis
Authors: Labinska Bohdana , Osovska Iryna , Matiychuk Oxana , Vyspinska Nataliia 
Published: January 2021

All scientific endeavours require researchers to develop an understanding of the available methodological tools to perform the needed studies. These tools can be applied depending on the field, purpose and context of the study. This article outlines and argues for ways to construct methodological framework appropriate for an in-depth interdisciplinary analysis of a literary text. The purpose of this study is to build the interdisciplinary methodological framework for literary text analysis using approaches of two humanities sciences – pedagogy and philology (linguistics and literature). The material for the research is a contemporary fairy tale Bunny Non-Hopper and His Brave Mommy by Oksana Drachkovska, Ukrainian writer and journalist. Relevance, innovation, importance and complexity of the author’s fairy tale theme, which appears both in the field of modern pedagogy and current philological interpretations justified our choice. Among the methods applied in the paper are literary studies interpretation that outlines a place of the fairy tale in the context of similar Ukrainian and foreign literature and reveals features of the its gender constructions; linguistic analysis based on communicative-pragmatic and conceptual approaches that focus on the text-discursive level along with pedagogical approaches that enable the representation of the text’s educational potential. The suggested framework consists of two levels – general scientific and specific scientific. On the general scientific level, it deploys systematic, synergetic, and paradigmatic approaches, whereas on the specific scientific level – linguistic approaches (communicative pragmatic and conceptual), literary studies approaches (intertextual and gender), and pedagogical approaches (integrated, inclusive, humanistic, empowerment), thus employing knowledge and specifics of each science. Besides a system-building function aimed to obtain comprehensive information about the object of the study, the proposed methodological framework for the interdisciplinary literary text analysis embraces an anthropocentric paradigm centred on children with special educational needs.
Font and Colour Attributes as Manipulated in Mass Media Texts: Psycholinguistic Implications
Authors: Makaruk Larysa 
Published: January 2021

This paper is aimed to analyse font and colour as non-verbal and paralingual components which have the capacity to influence and manipulate recipients of a message. On the basis of an extensive body of illustrative material, it has been established that by the use of colour variation, a single text fragment may be interpreted in several different ways, and may also be perceived differently by men and by women. It is demonstrated that colour and font characteristics are not exclusively graphic shells whose function is merely to record an oral statement in writing. They are semantically significant and multifunctional. It has been determined that font and colour are form-creating elements, which make possible the graphic reproduction of objects in everyday use, objects relating to reality and actuality. Variation in font and colour enable us to hypothesize that the mass media communication space is now characterized by a type of linguistic play utilizing these traits so as to render possible the projection of multiple-reading promotional texts. They also permit an economy in terms of space because of the fact that font techniques can perform formative and content functions simultaneously. Based on an experiment involving 60 participants, 30 of whom were male and 30 female, it was found that the information encoded in colour and font graphics shells is not difficult to perceive and to decipher. However, the survey found that women are more likely to perceive that information, although the difference in perception is not striking. When asked whether a sample of illustrative material stirred an appetite by using stylized fonts consisting of foods to convey a food-related message, 74 % of men and 37% of women in both articles answered in the positive, which in our study confirms the claim that food advertising promotes appetite arousal. The study also showed that most women who read the information perceive it holistically–their attention is not attracted solely by verbal and nonverbal components. On the other hand, only half of the men surveyed saw it as a whole, and almost a third of them initially noticed the verbal components first. Most participants in the experiment claimed that it took them from 5 to 10 seconds to realize that a single message could be read in several different ways. The participants who took part confirm that a single text string can be interpreted in multiple ways due to the font and colour attributes that are utilized in forming them.
Pengaruh Struktur Modal Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan
Authors: Nopianti Risma , Suparno  
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh struktur modal dan profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan baik secara partial maupun secara simultan. Variabel Struktur modal (X1) diproksikan Debt Equity Ratio (DER), Variabel Profitabilitas (X2) diproksikan oleh Return On Equity (ROE) dan Nilai Perusahaan (Y) diproksikan oleh Price To Book Value ( PBV ). Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan eksplanatory research dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2014 -2018. Dengan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 10 perusahaan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan pengujian keabsahaan data, analisis regresi linier berganda, dan uji hipotesis menggunakan uji t dan uji f. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa struktur modal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan, profitabilitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan, dan struktur modal dan profitabilitas secara bersama-sama berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan.
Kata kunci: struktur modal, profitabilitas, dan nilai perusahaan