bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative wood anatomy of 15 Malagasy Diospyros species (Ebenaceae)
Authors: Sandratriniaina Ninah Andrianasolo , Ramanantsialonina Ravo Nantenaina , Rakouth Bakolimalala , Lowry Porter P. , Wiemann Michael C. , Hermanson John C. , Ravaomanalina Bako Harisoa 
Published: October 2021

Summary
Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae) is an important source of ebony, a precious wood used for several economically important timber products. Species are overexploited in many regions, including Madagascar, for both the national and international trade, but little is known about their wood anatomy, despite its importance for forensic identification. Wood anatomy has a major role to play in ensuring the sustainable and equitable utilization of Diospyros species that are not threatened by extinction, and in law enforcement to protect threatened species from illegal logging. This study aims to identify, describe, and test the usefulness of anatomical features to support a taxonomic revision of the genus in Madagascar and to enrich databases for wood identification. Ninety-nine wood specimens were collected from the various bio-geographical regions of Madagascar, representing 15 endemic species (twelve previously described and three new) of large trees (reaching DBH ⩾ 20 cm and/or height ⩾ 20 m) were investigated. Standard methods for wood anatomical studies were used. Statistical analysis of the data using Factorial Analysis on Mixed Data was performed for 14 wood anatomical characters. Detailed descriptions and comparisons of the wood anatomy of the 15 species are provided, along with a wood identification key. Analyses showed that all the characters are highly significant () in the separation of the species studies.
Cedroxylon shakhtnaense (Blokhina 2010) Dolezych, Mantzouka et L.Kunzmann comb. nov.; A fossil Abies wood from the late early Miocene Mastixioideae flora of Wiesa (east Germany)
Authors: Dolezych Martina , Mantzouka Dimitra , Kunzmann Lutz 
Published: October 2021

Summary
We describe the first evidence of fossil Abies wood from the late early Miocene fossil plant assemblage of Wiesa in east Germany. The comparatively well-preserved piece of xylitic wood was recovered in the kaolin quarry at Hasenberg hill in Wiesa. The Wiesa assemblage is characterized as being allochthonous and partly parautochthonous mass deposits of diaspores, leaves, and wood. The latter component is rather incompletely studied so far. The described fossil is characterized by high rays, mostly uniseriate bordered pits, generally thick and pitted horizontal and tangential ray cell walls, but also partly smooth horizontal ray cell walls, absence of ray tracheids, the occurrence of traumatic resin canals, and rare occurrence of axial parenchyma of two types. This type of fossil wood has been described as Abietoxylon shakhtnaense Blokhina from the Oligo-Miocene of Sakhalin, Russia. Due to nomenclatural issues of Abietoxylon a recombination to Cedroxylon Kraus emend. Gothan is proposed following common practice for affiliation of abietoid fossil wood of Cenozoic age. Cedroxylon shakhtnaense comb. nov. shares anatomical characteristics with the wood of extant Abies Mill., in particular with sections Abies and Grandis, and is most closely related to section Grandis. The properly preserved fossil wood from Wiesa provides the opportunity of applying qualitative and quantitative analyses for testing and discussing its placement in relationship to intra-tree variability and ontogenetic aspects. The first evidence of fossil wood of Abies from Wiesa confirms again the presence of the genus in mid-latitude subtropical zonal vegetation during the beginning of the Miocene Climatic Optimum.
Infodemics and Deadly Racist Viruses: covid-19 Response in the Chinese-Filipino Community
Authors: See Teresita Ang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the last decade, the Philippines has experienced an escalation of anti-Chinese sentiment due to many factors, founded and unfounded. The growing presence of illegal immigrants and crimes associated with them; an increase in the number of Chinese workers, who are perceived as competing with Filipino workers; an increase in Chinese businesses, especially in retail, some operating without permits; the continuing dispute between China and the Philippines over the islands in the West Philippine Sea; President Rodrigo Duterte’s China pivot policy and what has been deemed as favoring China to the detriment of the Philippines. This confluence of events has served to worsen the image of China.
The covid-19 pandemic and the way the government responded to it worsened the sinophobia directed at anyone considered “Chinese,” including Filipinos of Chinese ancestry. This paper explores the racism vented against the Chinese and how the local Chinese-Filipino community has responded with positive action to help mitigate the anti-Chinese wave.
Chinese Capital as a Cultural Object: Self-Identification and Filipino-Chinese Discourses on Sinicization, Brokerage, and Distinction
Authors: Camba Alvin Jason , Lung Shirley 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Our article analyzes how Chinese capital inflows in the Philippines shape the self-identification of Filipino Chinese. Through a discursive analysis of five Filipino Chinese social media groups, which comprise at least 25,000 members, we argue that comment writers in Filipino Chinese groups readily interpreted Chinese capital in the Philippines, particularly in relation to the South China Sea disputes, Rodrigo Duterte’s rapprochement with China, Xi Jinping’s Philippine visit, and the rise of online gambling, through the prism of culture-based idioms. We find three contradictory discourses. First, there is a discourse of Sinicization that defines Filipino Chinese through a singular definition of Chineseness. Second, a discourse of brokerage has emerged, wherein Filipino Chinese positionality is represented by a synthesis of Chinese, Filipino, and Western identities. Finally, a discourse of distinction has also grown, framing Filipino Chinese as different from the mainland Chinese and the Filipinos.
From Human Smuggling to State Capture: Furthering Neoliberal Governance in North Africa
Authors: Capasso Matteo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
When examining the issue of human smuggling and its facilitating practises, mainstream ir analyses emphasize its criminal and illegal aspects. Such securocratic interpretations, largely mirroring EU concerns over migration, have managed to crowd-out alternative explanations of this phenomenon, detaching it from issues of capital and class. Drawing on fieldwork and secondary sources, this paper argues that people’s involvement in the facilitation of human smuggling in Tunisia has emerged because of the increasing precariousness of labor and life. Precarity, however, is not the result of weak and failing institutions; rather it should be understood in relation to the subordinate integration of Tunisia into the global neoliberal economy. In such a context, the EU’s insistence on policies based on border security and free-trade agreements securitises the lives of the poor to serve wealthy regional and European elites, thus furthering neoliberal governance in North Africa.
The Collective Organization of Delivery Workers in Brazil during the covid-19 Pandemic: A View Based on Social Media
Authors: Strecker Helena , Sampaio Ana Luiza , Buriticá Juan , Aroso Laura , Rubin Karina , Christo Cirlene , Masson Letícia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This essay presents the results of a study on the work organization of food-delivery workers that use digital platforms in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The covid-19 pandemic exacerbated and increased the visibility of the precarious work conditions experienced by these workers, who have organized collectively throughout Brazil to demand better conditions. Based on the field of workers’ health and sociological analyses of work’s uberization, the study used a qualitative methodology with a data survey in online social networks and news coverage during the pandemic, complementing research-intervention strategies involving dialogues with delivery workers before the pandemic. The results feature the delivery app workers’ collective mobilization and the trend in their identification as a professional category in the midst of contradictions and complexities of this process, which became emblematic with the two national strikes held in July 2020.
Framings of Religion, Conflict and Peace
Authors: Fernando Jude Lal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The dominant discourse on the interplay of religion, conflict, and peace is constructed on a Western liberal peace agenda which marginalises many voices for just peace. In analysing the role of Christianity in conflict and peace in Asia, the authors of this issue have adopted a critically self-reflective methodology by listening to the deep yearnings of the afflicted ones in conflict zones in West Asia, South Asia, South East Asia and East Asia. These seven articles critique not only exclusionary politics and religious identities, but also identify alternative theological practices for just peace while contributing to the public debate on the role of religion in both conflict and peace.
Populism, Liberalism and the Eclipse of Emotion
Authors: Bird-Pollan Stefan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
I argue that the way philosophy conceives of the political subject fails to understand the populist subject. In Section I, I shall sketch an ambiguity in how Hobbes conceives of the political subject as both driven by the passions and yet capable of rationally subduing them. In Section II, I argue that these two different conceptions of the will lead to different models of political representation. In Section III, I offer an sketch of some of the ways the Hobbesian picture of the mind as fueled by the passions has been eschewed by modern liberal philosophy. Finally, in Section IV, I offer an account of two features of populism which seem to me to suggest that the Humean model of the will is appropriate to understand certain essential features of populist politics.
COVID-19 Restrictions in Ireland – Has There Been an Impact on the Welfare of Sport and Leisure Horses?
Authors: McKeon Katie Ann , Walsh Elizabeth Ann 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Horses form an integral part of Irish culture and heritage. COVID-19 restrictions have created challenges for living generally and for those who own and care-take animals. It is envisaged that risks may arise for equine welfare and many factors may contribute to it. The “Five Freedoms” have formed the basis for animal welfare legislation however, the “Five Domains Model” has progressed to provide a robust model built on scientific research. With advances in research and knowledge, welfare may be measured both physiologically and behaviourally. This study sought to investigate the impact, if any of COVID-19, on the welfare of sport and leisure horses in Ireland. An online survey was conducted to gather data regarding the welfare of sport and leisure horses in Ireland during COVID-19 restrictions. There were several positive findings and the majority of respondents (n = 69) felt that COVID-19 restrictions did not negatively affect the welfare of their horses.
Nones and Catholics in Quebec
Authors: Meunier E.-Martin , Legault-Leclair Jacob 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The authors examine the relationship between religion and support for State secularism in the context of the recent passing of Bill 21 in Quebec. After contextualizing the transformation of Québécois’ regime of religiosity from the 1960s to the present day, the authors analyze two surveys on how the restrictive measures set out in Bill 21 have been received and supported. Public opinion data suggest something unexpected at first glance: support for the measures aimed at restricting the wearing of religious symbols in State institutions appears to come mainly from Francophones who are self-declared Catholics, rather than from the nonreligious. Language, religious (non) affiliation, age as well as place of residence appear to be major determinants when it comes to support for the restrictive State secularism measures.
Nothing Is Not Something
Authors: Cragun Ryan T. , McCaffree Kevin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With the advance of secularization in numerous countries and the growth of those who report no religious affiliation, more attention is being given to individuals who are not religious. Various scholars have proposed names for the individuals who report no religious affiliation and researchers have created categories for such individuals. The de facto term is now “nonreligion” or “nonreligious.” However, even when the term “nonreligious” (Lee 2012) was put forward, there were serious reservations about labeling a group of people by what they are not. In this article, we detail why this is such a serious problem, and how this is only going to become more of a problem as this segment of national populations grows. We propose that we discontinue referring to such individuals as “nonreligious” and instead focus on the positive substance of their identities.
Rethinking the Textual Value of 4Q11 (4QpaleoGen-Exodl)
Authors: Dayfani Hila 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on a fragmentary copy of Exodus from Qumran that has not so far received sufficient attention—4Q11 (4QpaleoGen-Exodl). The paper proposes a material reconstruction of the scroll and discusses its contribution to the textual classification of the scroll. Although 4Q11 apparently reflects the short literary form of MT and LXX Exodus, which does not include the major expansions characteristic of the pre-Samaritan tradition, an examination of individual readings reveals that the scroll includes some minor exegetical variants. Thus, 4Q11 demonstrates the necessity of exploring the scribal approach reflected in scriptural Qumran scrolls, in addition to their classification into textual traditions. Only such a holistic investigation can allow for an improved understanding of the text and processes that took place during its transmission.
Compromise and Defence: Great Britain and the Burma Road Crisis
Authors: Gao Jie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
China and Britain both found themselves in extremely precarious situations by the early summer of 1940, when Japan demanded that Britain close the Burma Road, a vital overland supply route for Chinese forces fighting against Japanese aggression. The British had just seen all of their continental European allies fall like dominoes to Hitler’s forces over the span of a few weeks, while China was fighting a losing defensive war against Japan with minimal outside support. China desperately needed to maintain its overland supply line to the British Empire, the Burma Road, but Britain feared that the very existence of this conduit of war materiel would provoke a Japanese attack on vulnerable British colonies in the Far East. American policy on Japanese aggression was ambiguous at this point and neither Britain nor China could realistically expect help from Washington in the short term. As a result, Britain signed a one-sided confidential memorandum to close the Burma Road to buy time and shore up its East Asian position to the extent that it was able. This deal, a lesser-studied counterpart to Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain’s appeasement policy in Europe, compromised the Chinese war effort against Japan, paved the way for the Japanese conquest of Southeast Asia, and ultimately failed to prevent Britain’s defeat in East Asia. Recognizing that this temporary concession would not moderate Japanese behavior, Britain reopened the Burma Road three months later. This paper examines the vital role of the Burma Road in the Chinese war effort in 1940 and why Japan demanded that London close it, then explores the factors that led to Britain’s unavoidable capitulation on the issue and subsequent reversal three months later, along with the consequences for the Allied war effort in the Far East.
Local Youth Policies between National Frameworks and Local Peculiarities: Examples from Two European Cities
Authors: Pohl Axel , Cuconato Morena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
There are ongoing debates in youth research and politics about the impact of European and national youth policies on the local level. Based on the qualitative findings collected in the framework of the European Project partispace, this paper aims at analyzing whether and to what extent current local youth policies relates to national and European policies. Attempting to answer this question, it presents some empirical findings from a study on youth policies in two European cities: Bologna and Frankfurt. Before the reconstruction of the historically grown links between the local and the national youth policies, first the structures of current youth policies are analysed. After this, the results of expert interviews, focus groups with young people from a variety of youth scenes are presented to enlighten how youth policies work in these two urban contexts. It shows that they are linked to national policies in very different constellations with very different outcomes on the level of how they are perceived and taken up by the young people.
Le Deuxième Sexe/El segundo sexo in Mexico (1949–1980)
Authors: Moreno Esparza Hortensia , Buquet Corleto Ana Gabriela , Esparza Serra Luis Lorenzo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article analyzes the reception of Le Deuxième Sexe in Mexico between 1949 and 1980, focusing on published references to the original French text and the first Spanish translation by Pablo Palant, El segundo sexo, published in Argentina in 1954. The authors consider publications by both conventional and feminist presses, centering their discussion on Rosario Castellanos, reader and commentator of the life and work of Beauvoir, and on the periodicals La Revuelta and fem.
Two Replication Studies of the Relationships between Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching, Mathematical Quality of Instruction, and Student Achievement
Authors: Melhuish Kathleen , White Alexander , Sorto M. Alejandra , Thanheiser Eva 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we share two conceptual replications of Hill et al.’s (2012c) study linking Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching (MKT), Mathematical Quality of Instruction (MQI), and student assessment scores. In study 1, we share data from 4th and 5th grade teachers in an urban school district. In study 2, we share data from middle school teachers in a school district with a relatively high proportion of emergent bilingual students. By varying contexts, we found that Hill et al.’s (2012c) suggested use of the MKT cutoff points was not warranted in our differing settings. Further, we found some significant relationships between MKT, MQI, and student assessments; however, we were not able to reproduce these consistently with our data. We suggest that the relationship between teaching practice and MKT may be quite sensitive to contextual factors including grade level, demographics, school effects, and assessments. We recommend that policymakers and researchers take caution when using such instruments to evaluate program initiatives and identify teachers for remediation or leadership positions.
The impact sheet to this article can be accessed at 10.6084/m9.figshare.16610080.
Magical Amulets, Magical Thinking, and Semiotics in Early Byzantium
Authors: Tuerk-Stonberg Jacquelyn 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The term ‘magic’ is problematic. Magic studies have rapidly developed in recent decades and have suggested various ways of understanding the term, especially regarding objects from the medieval Roman Empire, Byzantium. Two early Byzantine amulets (as case studies) display conventional semiotic structures, which include persuasive analogy, speech-acts, and show-acts. Persuasive analogy, speech-acts, and show-acts – and how they organize information – operate also in religious, medical, and philosophical examples. Accordingly, art, archaeology, and texts of ritual power exemplify intersecting communities of thought and various types of social practices. Magic studies is interdisciplinary, and it encourages critique of modern assumptions regarding authority and of our intellectual colonization of times past. This essay is broad with several object examples across media, written as a conference presentation. Another approach to these semiotic structures on magical amulets – with examination of fewer objects and wider attention to the historiography of magic studies – will appear in the forthcoming Oxford Handbook on Byzantine Art and Architecture, ed. Ellen Schwartz.
The Italian Theory of Comparative Law Goes Abroad
Authors: Grande Elisabetta , Núñez Rodrigo Míguez , Monateri Pier Giuseppe 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to assess the influence of the Italian comparative law scholarship outside its national boundaries, and particularly in Latin America, where it has had its strongest impact. In order to achieve our goal we will start by sketching a picture of the current status of the Italian comparative law, tracing its roots, explaining its development and analyzing its weaknesses and strengths. After exploring its reception in South America, we will ultimately try to envisage the future challenges, directions and contributions of the Italian Theory – as we labeled the Italian comparative law “way”.
State Immunity and Serious Violations of Human Rights: Judgment No. 238 of 2014 of the Italian Constitutional Court Seven Years on
Authors: Focarelli Carlo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
On 3 February 2021, the US Supreme Court affirmed the icj’s Jurisdictional Immunities of the State Judgment of 2012—according to which “a State is not deprived of immunity by reason of the fact that it is accused of serious violations of international human rights law”—adopting, thus, a position opposite to that taken by the Italian Corte Costituzionale in its well-known Judgment No. 238 of 2014. Based on a realist-constructivist theoretical approach to international law, this article argues that the only plausible legal perspective justifying Judgment No. 238 is a dynamic one. However, the Corte Costituzionale has substantially failed to argue the plausibility of the expected change in existing international law that it wished to promote for the future. To take its intended big leap realistically and successfully, the Italian position would have deserved a sounder theoretical analysis of international law and of the world system in which the latter is meant to work.
Soft Law in International Investment Law and Arbitration
Authors: Adinolfi Giovanna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the more recent decades, international investment law (“iil”) and arbitration have been going through a process of recalibration prompted by both the intensification of cross-border capital flows and the States’ growing concerns over the potential restraints iil may impose upon the pursuit of public interests. The present contribution will pay attention to a specific feature that can be observed within these developments, i.e. the role played by soft law in investment arbitration and, more generally, under iil, also with a view to assessing the impact on the formation of binding international law of instruments formally devoid of normative force within the international legal order. After an introduction (Section 1), the contribution is articulated into four sections. Section 2 will first define the field of investigation. The case law of investment tribunals and the treaty practice under the more recent iia s will be then explored as to the reliance on soft law instruments for the purposes of settling procedural (Section 3) and substantive issues (Section 4). Some final remarks will close (Section 5).