bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legislative Comment: Nursing Home Patients’ Rights in Massachusetts:
Current Protection and Recommendations for Improvement
Authors: Silfen Nina P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Several Massachusetts laws, including the recently enacted Patients’
Bill of Rights, protect the rights of nursing home patients. Although these
laws address many of the problems that such patients face, they do not
adequately meet all of the unique needs of this vulnerable group.
This Comment discusses safeguards afforded by current Massachusetts law
that are particularly important for nursing home patients, and recommends
improvements that would secure more adequate protection for their rights.
The Comment also analyzes some of Massachusetts law’s shortcomings in
implementation and enforcement, in forum selection and in limitations on
standing, and suggests improvements in these areas. Finally, the Comment
proposes the enactment of a comprehensive Bill of Rights for Nursing Home
Patients in order to address their unique needs more adequately, and to
eliminate the duplicative, vague, and confusing provisions contained in
current law.
Use of the Hayami diffusive wave equation to model the relationship infected–recoveries–deaths of Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Moussa Roger , Majdalani Samer 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Susceptible S-Infected I-Recovered R-Death D (SIRD) compartmental models are often used for modelling of infectious diseases. On the basis of the analogy between SIRD and compartmental models in hydrology, this study makes mathematical formulations developed in hydrology available for modelling in epidemiology. We adapt the Hayami model solution of the diffusive wave equation generally used in hydrological modelling to compartmental I–R–D models in epidemiology by simulating the relationships between the number of infectious I(t), the number of recoveries R(t) and the number of deaths D(t). The Hayami model is easy-to-use, robust and parsimonious. We compare the empirical one-parameter exponential model usually used in SIRD models to the two-parameter Hayami model. Applications were implemented on the recent Covid-19 pandemic. The application on data from 24 countries shows that both models give comparable performances for modelling the I–D relationship. However, for modelling the I–R relationship and the active cases, the exponential model gives fair performances whereas the Hayami model substantially improves the model performances. The Hayami model also presents the advantage that its parameters can be easily estimated from the analysis of the data distributions of I(t), R(t) and D(t). The Hayami model is parsimonious with only two parameters which are useful to compare the temporal evolution of recoveries and deaths in different countries based on different contamination rates and recoveries strategies. This study highlights the interest of knowledge transfer between different scientific disciplines in order to model different processes.
Effects of cereal rye seeding rate on waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) emergence and soybean growth and yield
Authors: Bish Mandy , Dintelmann Brian , Oseland Eric , Vaughn Jacob , Bradley Kevin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds has resulted in the necessity to integrate nonchemical control methods with chemicals for effective management in crop production systems. In soybean, control of the pigweed species, particularly herbicide-resistant waterhemp and Palmer amaranth, have become predominant concerns. Cereal rye planted as a winter cover crop can effectively suppress early-season weed emergence in soybean, including waterhemp, when planted at a rate of 123 kg ha−1. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of different cereal rye seeding rates (0, 34, 56, 79, 110, and 123 kg ha−1) on early-season waterhemp suppression and soybean growth and yield. Soybean was planted into fall-seeded cereal rye, which was terminated within 4 d of soybean planting. The experiment was conducted over the 2018, 2019, and 2020 growing seasons in Columbia, Missouri. Effects of cereal rye on early-season waterhemp suppression varied by year and were most consistent at 56 kg ha−1 or higher seeding rates. Linear regression analysis of cereal rye biomass, height, or stand at soybean planting showed inverse relationships with waterhemp emergence. No adverse effects on soybean growth or yield were observed at any of the cereal rye seeding rates relative to plots that lacked cereal rye cover. Result differences among the years suggest that the successfulness of cereal rye on suppression of early-season waterhemp emergence is likely influenced by the amount of waterhemp seed present in the soil seed bank.
Junglerice (Echinochloa colona) control with sequential applications of glyphosate and clethodim to dicamba
Authors: Perkins Clay M. , Mueller Thomas C. , Steckel Lawrence E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractJunglerice is becoming more prevalent in Tennessee, Arkansas, and Mississippi row crop fields. The evolution of glyphosate-resistant (GR) junglerice populations is one reason for the increase. Another possible explanation is that glyphosate and clethodim grass activity is being antagonized by dicamba. This question has led to research to examine whether sequential applications alleviate antagonism observed with dicamba plus glyphosate and/or clethodim mixtures and determine whether sequential treatments with those herbicides at 24 h, 72 h, or 168 h can improve junglerice control. Glyphosate + clethodim applications provided >90% junglerice control. The observed levels of antagonism varied by whether the location of the test was in the greenhouse or the field, and the timing of applications. In the greenhouse, clethodim + dicamba provided excellent control, whereas in the field, the same treatment showed a greater than 30% reduction in junglerice control compared with clethodim alone. However, control was restored by using a mixture of glyphosate + clethodim without dicamba. The environment at the time of application and relative GR level of the junglerice influenced the overall control of these sequential applications. When clethodim applied first followed by dicamba at 72 h or 168 h, better control was observed compared with applying dicamba followed by clethodim. Overall, mixing glyphosate + clethodim provided the most complete junglerice control regardless of timing. These data confirm that leaving dicamba out of the spray tank will mitigate herbicide antagonism on junglerice control. These data would also indicate that avoiding dicamba and glyphosate mixtures will also improve the consistency of control with glyphosate-susceptible junglerice.
From Open Data to Open Science
Authors: Ramachandran Rahul , Bugbee Kaylin , Murphy Kevin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe open science movement continues to gain momentum, attention, and discussion. However, there are a number of different interpretations, viewpoints, and perspectives as to what the term “open science” means. In this study, we define open science as a collaborative culture enabled by technology that empowers the open sharing of data, information, and knowledge within the scientific community and the wider public to accelerate scientific research and understanding. As science has become increasingly data driven, data programs now play a critical role in enabling and accelerating open science.In this study, we describe specific actions that data programs can take to make the open science paradigm shift a reality. These actions range from implementing open data and software policies to reimaging data systems that move data out of organizational silos and into cyberinfrastructures that enable efficient research processes and accelerate knowledge dissemination. There are still a number of obstacles to be overcome by data programs which range from mitigating the risk of open data misuse to overcoming the inertia of legacy systems. Data programs need to support open science through the thoughtful development of open policies, systematic investment in innovative and collaborative infrastructures, and the promotion of cultural change. On the other hand, individual researchers play an equally important role by serving as advocates for open science principles and by adopting a number of best practices outlined in this study. By working together, a new and more open age of scientific research can be achieved to benefit science and society.
Persistent Occurrence of Strip‐Like Plasma Density Bulges at Conjugate Lower‐Mid Latitudes During the September 8–9, 2017 Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Wan Xin , Zhong Jiahao , Xiong Chao , Wang Hui , Liu Yiwen , Li Qiaoling , Kuai Jiawei , Weng Libin , Cui Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuring the geomagnetic storm on September 8–9, 2017, shoulder‐like structures were persistently captured in the lower‐mid latitudes at multiple local times, by Swarm and DMSP satellite observations. A more telling terminology of such shoulder‐like structure called strip‐like bulge is proposed in this study, due to its global presence that spanning over 150° in longitude but only over 1°–5° in latitude. The strip‐like bulges can be categorized into sharp and blunt types depending on the sharpness of the density peaks. The blunt type was short‐lived and appeared earlier than the sharp type in the afternoon‐sunset sector. The sharp type was long‐lived and appeared at all the observed local times. Both two types of strip‐like bulges were dominated by the ion composition of the H+/He+, rather than O+. This is the first evidence that the plasmaspheric particles are involved in forming the ionospheric structure at such low latitude. Moreover, the equatorward movement of the bulges shared the same trends with the earthward movement of the plasmapause. These two types of strip‐like bulges showed different longitudinal dependencies controlled by the magnetic declination. We suggest that the combined effects from the plasmaspheric downwelling and disturbance neutral wind were responsible for the appearance of the strip‐like bulges.
Finite-size correction for slab supercell calculations of materials with spontaneous polarization
Authors: Yoo Su-Hyun , Todorova Mira , Wickramaratne Darshana , Weston Leigh , Walle Chris G. Van de , Neugebauer Jörg 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe repeated slab approach has become a de facto standard to accurately describe surface properties of materials by density functional theory calculations with periodic boundary conditions. For materials exhibiting spontaneous polarization, we show that the conventional scheme of passivation with pseudo hydrogen is unable to realize a charge-neutral surface. The presence of a net surface charge induces via Gauss’s law a macroscopic electric field through the slab and results in poor size convergence with respect to the thickness of the slab. We propose a modified passivation method that accounts for the effect of spontaneous polarization, describes the correct bulk limits and boosts convergence with respect to slab thickness. The robustness, reliability, and superior convergence of energetics and electronic structure achieved by the proposed method are demonstrated using the example of polar ZnO surfaces.
Quality by design modelling to support rapid RNA vaccine production against emerging infectious diseases
Authors: van de Berg Damien , Kis Zoltán , Behmer Carl Fredrik , Samnuan Karnyart , Blakney Anna K. , Kontoravdi Cleo , Shattock Robin , Shah Nilay 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRapid-response vaccine production platform technologies, including RNA vaccines, are being developed to combat viral epidemics and pandemics. A key enabler of rapid response is having quality-oriented disease-agnostic manufacturing protocols ready ahead of outbreaks. We are the first to apply the Quality by Design (QbD) framework to enhance rapid-response RNA vaccine manufacturing against known and future viral pathogens. This QbD framework aims to support the development and consistent production of safe and efficacious RNA vaccines, integrating a novel qualitative methodology and a quantitative bioprocess model. The qualitative methodology identifies and assesses the direction, magnitude and shape of the impact of critical process parameters (CPPs) on critical quality attributes (CQAs). The mechanistic bioprocess model quantifies and maps the effect of four CPPs on the CQA of effective yield of RNA drug substance. Consequently, the first design space of an RNA vaccine synthesis bioreactor is obtained. The cost-yield optimization together with the probabilistic design space contribute towards automation of rapid-response, high-quality RNA vaccine production.
Streptomyces strains modulate dynamics of soil bacterial communities and their efficacy in disease suppression caused by Phytophthora capsici
Authors: Abbasi Sakineh , Spor Ayme , Sadeghi Akram , Safaie Naser 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe responses of rhizosphere bacterial communities of Streptomyces (SS14 and IT20 stains) treated-pepper plants following inoculation by Phytophthora capsici (PC) was investigated using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Distinct modulation of the bacteriome composition was found for PC samples with the highest relative abundance (RA) of Chitinophaga (22 ± 0.03%). The RA of several bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was affected and caused changes in alpha and beta-diversity measures. In IT20, the RA of Cyanobacteria was enriched compared to SS14 (72%) and control samples (47%). Phylotypes belonging to Devosia, Promicromonospora, Kribbella, Microbacterium, Amylocolatopsis, and Pseudomonas genera in the rhizosphere were positively responding against the pathogen. Our findings show that the phosphate solubilizing strain IT20 has higher microbial community responders than the melanin-producing strain SS14. Also, positive interactions were identified by comparing bacterial community profiles between treatments that might allow designing synthetic bio-inoculants to solve agronomic problems in an eco-friendly way.
Towards computer-aided severity assessment via deep neural networks for geographic and opacity extent scoring of SARS-CoV-2 chest X-rays
Authors: Wong A. , Lin Z. Q. , Wang L. , Chung A. G. , Shen B. , Abbasi A. , Hoshmand-Kochi M. , Duong T. Q. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA critical step in effective care and treatment planning for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is the assessment of the severity of disease progression. Chest x-rays (CXRs) are often used to assess SARS-CoV-2 severity, with two important assessment metrics being extent of lung involvement and degree of opacity. In this proof-of-concept study, we assess the feasibility of computer-aided scoring of CXRs of SARS-CoV-2 lung disease severity using a deep learning system. Data consisted of 396 CXRs from SARS-CoV-2 positive patient cases. Geographic extent and opacity extent were scored by two board-certified expert chest radiologists (with 20+ years of experience) and a 2nd-year radiology resident. The deep neural networks used in this study, which we name COVID-Net S, are based on a COVID-Net network architecture. 100 versions of the network were independently learned (50 to perform geographic extent scoring and 50 to perform opacity extent scoring) using random subsets of CXRs from the study, and we evaluated the networks using stratified Monte Carlo cross-validation experiments. The COVID-Net S deep neural networks yielded R$$^2$$

2

of $$0.664 \pm 0.032$$

0.664
±
0.032

and $$0.635 \pm 0.044$$

0.635
±
0.044

between predicted scores and radiologist scores for geographic extent and opacity extent, respectively, in stratified Monte Carlo cross-validation experiments. The best performing COVID-Net S networks achieved R$$^2$$

2

of 0.739 and 0.741 between predicted scores and radiologist scores for geographic extent and opacity extent, respectively. The results are promising and suggest that the use of deep neural networks on CXRs could be an effective tool for computer-aided assessment of SARS-CoV-2 lung disease severity, although additional studies are needed before adoption for routine clinical use.
Downregulation of miR-383 reduces depression-like behavior through targeting Wnt family member 2 (Wnt2) in rats
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Liu Qing , Ju Yanjie , Liu Lei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the role of miR-383 in the regulation of Wnt-2 signaling in the rat model of chronic stress. The male SD rats with depressive-like behaviors were stimulated with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) including ice-water swimming for 5 min, food deprivation for 24 h, water deprivation for 24 h, stimulating tail for 1 min, turning night into day, shaking for 15 min (once/s), and wrap restraint (5 min/time) every day for 21 days. The expression levels of miRNAs were detected by qRT-PCR, and the expression levels of Wnt2, depression-impacted proteins (GFAP, BDNF, CREB), brain neurotransmitters (5-HT, NE, DA) and apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assay were performed to determine the relationship between miR-383 and Wnt2. Ethological analysis was evaluated by sugar preference test, refuge island test and open field tests. Rescue experiments including knockdown of miR-383, overexpression and silencing of Wnt2 were performed to determine the role of miR-383. High expression levels of miR-383 were observed in the hippocampus of rats submitted to CUMS model. Downregulation of miR-383 significantly inhibited the apoptosis and inflammatory response of hippocampal neurons, and increased the expression levels of GFAP, BDNF and CREB which were impacted in depression, as well as neurotransmitters, then attenuated neural injury in rats induced by CUMS. Furthermore, Wnt family member 2 (Wnt2) was identified as a target of miR-383, and silencing of Wnt2 obviously attenuated the protective effect of miR-383 inhibitor on the apoptosis and inflammatory response in hippocampal neurons, as well as neural injury in CUMS-induced rats. Downregulation of miR-383 ameliorated the behavioral and neurochemical changes induced by chronic stress in rats by directly targeting Wnt2, indicating that the miR-383/Wnt2 axis might be a potential therapeutic target for MDD.
The Voronoi theory of the normal liver lobular architecture and its applicability in hepatic zonation
Authors: Lau C. , Kalantari B. , Batts K. P. , Ferrell L. D. , Nyberg S. L. , Graham R. P. , Moreira Roger K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe precise characterization of the lobular architecture of the liver has been subject of investigation since the earliest historical publications, but an accurate model to describe the hepatic lobular microanatomy is yet to be proposed. Our aim was to evaluate whether Voronoi diagrams can be used to describe the classic liver lobular architecture. We examined the histology of normal porcine and human livers and analyzed the geometric relationships of various microanatomic structures utilizing digital tools. The Voronoi diagram model described the organization of the hepatic classic lobules with overall accuracy nearly 90% based on known histologic landmarks. We have also designed a Voronoi-based algorithm of hepatic zonation, which also showed an overall zonal accuracy of nearly 90%. Therefore, we have presented evidence that Voronoi diagrams represent the basis of the two-dimensional organization of the normal liver and that this concept may have wide applicability in liver pathology and research.
Research on improved evidence theory based on multi-sensor information fusion
Authors: Lin Zhen , Xie Jinye 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn view of the lack of effective information fusion model for heterogeneous multi-sensor, an improved Dempster/Shafer (DS) evidence theory algorithm is designed to fuse heterogeneous multi-sensor information. The algorithm first introduces the compatibility coefficient to characterize the compatibility between the evidence, obtains the weight matrix of each proposition, and then redistributes the basic probability distribution of each focal element to obtain a new evidence source. Then the concept of credibility is introduced, and the average support of evidence credibility and evidence focal element is used to improve the synthesis rule, so as to obtain the fusion result. Compared with other algorithms, the proposed algorithm can solve the problems existing in DS evidence theory when dealing with highly conflicting evidence to a certain extent, and the fusion results are more reasonable and the convergence speed is faster.
Theileria equi claudin like apicomplexan microneme protein contains neutralization-sensitive epitopes and interacts with components of the equine erythrocyte membrane skeleton
Authors: Onzere Cynthia K. , Fry Lindsay M. , Bishop Richard P. , Silva Marta G. , Bastos Reginaldo G. , Knowles Donald P. , Suarez Carlos E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTheileria equi is a widely distributed apicomplexan parasite that causes severe hemolytic anemia in equid species. There is currently no effective vaccine for control of the parasite and understanding the mechanism that T. equi utilizes to invade host cells may be crucial for vaccine development. Unlike most apicomplexan species studied to date, the role of micronemes in T. equi invasion of host cells is unknown. We therefore assessed the role of the T. equi claudin-like apicomplexan microneme protein (CLAMP) in the invasion of equine erythrocytes as a first step towards understanding the role of this organelle in the parasite. Our findings show that CLAMP is expressed in the merozoite and intra-erythrocytic developmental stages of T. equi and in vitro neutralization experiments suggest that the protein is involved in erythrocyte invasion. Proteomic analyses indicate that CLAMP interacts with the equine erythrocyte α-and β- spectrin chains in the initial stages of T. equi invasion and maintains these interactions while also associating with the anion-exchange protein, tropomyosin 3, band 4.1 and cytoplasmic actin 1 after invasion. Additionally, serological analyses show that T. equi-infected horses mount robust antibody responses against CLAMP indicating that the protein is immunogenic and therefore represents a potential vaccine candidate.