bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental Health in Early Childhood and Changes in Cardiometabolic Dysregulation by Preadolescence
Authors: Qureshi Farah , Derks Ivonne P.M. , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Williams Michelle A. , Koenen Karestan C. , Tiemeier Henning , Kubzansky Laura D. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
Poor mental health in childhood is associated with a greater risk of cardiometabolic disease in adulthood, but less is known about when these associations begin to emerge. This study tests whether poor mental health (indexed by emotional and behavioral problems) in early childhood predicts increases in cardiometabolic dysregulation over 4 years of follow-up.

Methods
Data are from 4327 participants in the Generation R Study. Problem behaviors were reported by mothers using the Child Behavior Checklist at age 6 years. Repeated measurements of six cardiometabolic parameters were collected at ages 6 and 10 years: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, C-reactive protein, and body mass index. Standardized measures were used to create continuous cardiometabolic dysregulation scores at ages 6 and 10 years. Change in dysregulation was defined as the difference in dysregulation scores over time. Cross-sectional and prospective associations were tested using linear regression, sequentially adjusting for relevant confounders. Additional analyses examined whether prospective relationships were robust to adjustment for baseline levels of dysregulation.

Results
There was no association between child problem behaviors and cardiometabolic dysregulation at age 6 years. However, higher levels of problem behaviors predicted increases in cardiometabolic dysregulation (β = 0.12, 95% confidence interval = 0.00–0.23) from ages 6 to 10 years.

Conclusions
Worse child mental health may be associated with increases in cardiometabolic dysregulation by preadolescence. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that adverse physiologic effects of psychological distress identified in adult populations may be observed as early as childhood.
Long-term efficacy and safety of fostemsavir among subgroups of heavily treatment-experienced adults with HIV-1
Authors: Ackerman Peter , Thompson Melanie , Molina Jean-Michel , Aberg Judith , Cassetti Isabel , Kozal Michael , Castagna Antonella , Martins Marcelo , Ramgopal Moti , Sprinz Eduardo , Treviño-Pérez Sandra , Streinu-Cercel Adrian , Latiff Gulam H. , Pialoux Gilles , Kumar Princy N. , Wang Marcia , Chabria Shiven , Pierce Amy , Llamoso Cyril , Lataillade Max 
Published: March 2021

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to understand how demographic and treatment-related factors impact responses to fostemsavir-based regimens.

Design:
BRIGHTE is an ongoing phase 3 study evaluating twice-daily fostemsavir 600 mg and optimized background therapy (OBT) in heavily treatment-experienced individuals failing antiretroviral therapy with limited treatment options (Randomized Cohort 1-2 and Nonrandomized Cohort 0 fully active antiretroviral classes).

Methods:
Virologic response rates (HIV-1 RNA <40 copies/ml, Snapshot analysis) and CD4+ T-cell count increases in the Randomized Cohort were analysed by prespecified baseline characteristics (age, race, sex, region, HIV-1 RNA, CD4+ T-cell count) and viral susceptibility to OBT. Safety results were analysed by baseline characteristics for combined cohorts (post hoc).

Results:
In the Randomized Cohort, virologic response rates increased between Weeks 24 and 96 across most subgroups. Virologic response rates over time were most clearly associated with overall susceptibility scores for new OBT agents (OSS-new). CD4+ T-cell count increases were comparable across subgroups. Participants with baseline CD4+ T-cell counts less than 20 cells/μl had a mean increase of 240 cells/μl. In the safety population, more participants with baseline CD4+ T-cell counts less than 20 vs. at least 200 cells/μl had grade 3/4 adverse events [53/107 (50%) vs. 24/96 (25%)], serious adverse events [58/107 (54%) vs. 25/96 (26%)] and deaths [16/107 (15%) vs. 2/96 (2%)]. There were no safety differences by other subgroups.

Conclusion:
Week 96 results for BRIGHTE demonstrate comparable rates of virologic and immunologic response (Randomized Cohort) and safety (combined cohorts) across subgroups. OSS-new is an important consideration when constructing optimized antiretroviral regimens for heavily treatment-experienced individuals with limited remaining treatment options.
Early Fat Grafting for Augmentation in Craniofacial Microsomia
Authors: Sakamoto Yoshiaki , Arnaud Eric 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Patients with craniofacial microsomia often require multiple surgical interventions to address both hard and soft tissue defects. For improvement of soft tissue defects, microvascular free tissue transfers have been widely performed after puberty. To camouflage facial asymmetry, early fat grafting was performed on five six-month-old patients, and acceptable outcomes were obtained without overcorrection. This result suggests that early fat grafting in craniofacial microsomia is useful to camouflage asymmetrical facial contours.
The Use of Three-Dimensional Printed Technology for Mandibular Reconstruction in a Rare Case of Giant Odontogenic Myxofibroma
Authors: Yilmaz Yetkin Zeki , Elkhatroushi Taha , Erdur Zülküf Burak , Karaaltin Mehmet Veli , Çomunoğlu Nil , Batioğlu-Karaaltin Ayşegül 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Odontogenic myxofibroma is a benign odontogenic tumor of mesenchymal tissue that generally originates from the mandible. It is an extremely rare tumor accounting for approximately 2% of all odontogenic tumors. In this report, the authors presented a giant right mandibular mass that extends to the angle of the mandible and displacing the tongue laterally caused significant malocclusion, pain, and impaired oral intake. The tumoral involvement of the mandibula required a partial mandibulectomy with the resection of right mandibular ramus, body, and bilateral parasymphysis. Right mandibular condyle was preserved. The mandibular defect was reconstructed with a fibula free flap. Three-dimensional printed maxillofacial bone model of the patient was used as contour modeling and guide. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis as odontogenic myxofibroma.
The purpose of the report is to present a very rare case of odontogenic myxofibroma and its general characteristics, radiological features, differential diagnosis, surgical management, and the use of three-dimensional printing technology in the field of mandibular reconstruction.
Unilateral Zygomatic Complex Fracture – A Comparison Between Nonsurgical Treatment and Surgical Treatment
Authors: Ling Xiao Feng , Yew Ching Ching , Mohd Nazri Syakiroh bt , Tew Mei Mei 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Medical advances have enabled zygomatic complex (ZMC) fractures to be treated by various approaches. This study aims to analyze the demographics and treatment outcomes of unilateral ZMC fractures, treated nonsurgically or surgically.

Methods:
This 5-year nonrandomized prospective study had included 65 cases of unilateral ZMC fractures from October 2014 until December 2019. Patients were treated and divided into nonsurgical and surgically treated group. Treatment outcomes in terms of step deformities, malar depression, diplopia, infraorbital hypoaesthesia, and mouth opening were evaluated up to six months post-trauma/intervention.

Results:
Road traffic accident (96.9%) was the main cause, with predominant male involvement (80%) and median age of 28 years. Significant improvements (P < 0.05) were observed for step deformities and malar depression among the surgically treated group at postoperative day 1 and week 1. Throughout the six months review, infraorbital hypoesthesia and diplopia showed no significant differences between both groups, (P > 0.05). Besides, all patients showed significant mouth opening improvement (P < 0.05) over six months period.

Conclusion:
The authors found that infraorbital hypoaesthesia and limited of mouth opening should not be the absolute indications for surgical treatment of ZMC fractures. Nonsurgical treatment that included early jaw exercise and symptomatic treatment had potential value for satisfactory functional gain.
Graft-derived Cell-free DNA as a Noninvasive Biomarker of Cardiac Allograft Rejection: A Cohort Study on Clinical Validity and Confounding Factors
Authors: Knüttgen Franziska , Beck Julia , Dittrich Marcus , Oellerich Michael , Zittermann Armin , Schulz Uwe , Fuchs Uwe , Knabbe Cornelius , Schütz Ekkehard , Gummert Jan , Birschmann Ingvild 
Published: March 2021

Background.
Circulating graft-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) is a new marker of cardiac allograft damage that is used for noninvasive rejection diagnostics. We performed dd-cfDNA (%) in heart transplant recipients during the first posttransplant year.

Methods.
In 87 patients, serial dd-cfDNA determination at predefined time-points was performed in 770 single samples. dd-cfDNA fraction (%) was measured using an established universal droplet digital polymerase chain reaction method, providing same-day turn-around. Rejection was diagnosed according to clinical parameters and biopsies.

Results.
Median dd-cfDNA (%) was high (5.36%) immediately after reperfusion and decreased to a median (interquartile range) of 0.10% (0.05%–0.24%) in clinically stable patients by postoperative day 10. Compared to dd-cfDNA (%) samples in clinically stable patients, values were higher (P < 0.001) in biopsy-proven rejection ISHLT 1R (0.42% [0.15%–0.53%]) and 2R rejection (0.84% [0.39%–0.97%]). Moreover, dd-cfDNA (%) was already significantly increased 9–30 days before biopsy-proven rejection (0.36% [0.20%–0.61%]). An as yet unknown finding was a slightly, but significantly (P < 0.0001) higher dd-cfDNA (%) value in samples of stable patients with pericardial effusions (PEs) (n = 94; 0.18% [0.07%–0.30%]) compared to samples of non-PE patients (n = 132; 0.07% [0.04%–0.17%]). Using a cutoff of 0.35%, sensitivity and specificity of dd-cfDNA for cardiac rejection were 0.76 and 0.83 (area under the curve [AUC] ROC-curve: 0.81 [95% confidence interval, 0.73-0.89]). Omitting PE samples from the control group yielded an AUC of 0.86 [95% confidence interval, 0.76-0.95]. Samples drawn <12 hours after endomyocardial biopsy showed high (0.40% [0.15%–1.21%]) dd-cfDNA values, also in ISHLT0R (0.36% [0.10%–0.60%]).

Conclusions.
dd-cfDNA plasma values were significantly associated with cardiac rejection. However, PE or improper sampling (eg, shortly after biopsy) should be considered as confounders for rejection diagnoses using dd-cfDNA.
The mass balance model perfectly fits both Hall et al. underfeeding
data and Horton et al. overfeeding data
Authors: Arencibia-Albite Francisco , Manninen Anssi H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background & Aims
Recently, the validity of mass balance model (MBM) was questioned based
on two feeding studies. Thus, we simulated both of these feeding
trials.

Methods
MBM describes the temporal evolution of body weight and body composition
under a wide variety of feeding experiments. This computational study
simulated, utilizing MBM, the underfeeding trial by Hall et al.
(Cell Metab. 2015;22:427-36) and the
overfeeding trial by Horton et al. (Am J Clin
Nutr. 1995;62:19-29).

Results
Our simulation results indicate that data from both of these feeding
trials perfectly match MBM-based predictions, i.e., MBM gives a remarkably
accurate description of experimental data.

Conclusions
It is becoming increasingly clear that our model (MBM) is perfectly able
to predict body weight and body composition fluctuations under a wide
variety of feeding experiments.

“There is a stupid humility that is not at all rare, and those afflicted
with it are altogether unfit to become devotees of knowledge. As soon as a
person of this type perceives something striking, he turns on his heel, as
it were, and says to himself: “You have made a mistake. What is the matter
with your senses? This cannot, may not, be the truth.” And then, instead of
looking and listening again, more carefully, he runs away from the striking
thing, as if he had been intimidated, and tries to remove it from his mind
as fast as he can. For his inner canon says: “I do not want to see anything
that contradicts the prevalent opinion. Am I called to discover new truths?
There are too many old ones, as it is…”
– Friedrich Nietzsche, The Gay Science
(1882)
Does Telemedicine Reduce health disparities? Longitudinal Evidence during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US
Authors: Roghani Ali , Panahi Samin 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic could be a significant health issue for the elderly population and those with pre-excising chronic condition. In response to the pandemic health care services have increased the use of telehealth medicine. The propose of this study is to examine factors associated with access to telemedicine before and after COVID-19 based on sociodemographic factors and type of chronic disease.MethodWe have used data from the Research and Development Survey (RANDS) at two different time points Data collection for the first wave occurred between June 9, 2020 and July 6, 2020 (n= 6786), second wave was between August 3, 2020 and August 20, 2020 (n=5972). Three questions have been asked from the participant: 1) did the provider offer telemedicine before the pandemic? 2) does the provider offer telemedicine during the pandemic? And 3) have the participants schedule telemedicine appointments?ResultIn both waves, 62 % of the participants reported providers did not have telemedicine services prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we found a 22% increase in offering telemedicine in six first month of the COVID-19 pandemic. The finding shows almost no change in providing telemedicine between June and August. The data indicates just a 0.5% and 0.1% increase in accessing telemedicine, and scheduling in August than June, respectively. Patients older than 65 had higher access to telemedicine and had higher scheduling frequencies than other age groups, while they had the lowest access prior to the COVID-19. Blacks had the highest access to telemedicine services than other races (40%). Additionally, females, higher education, and living in metropolitan areas were associated with higher access and scheduling during the pandemic. There was a variation of access and scheduling in different chronic diseases, however, providers offered more remote services for those who diagnosed by diabetes.ConclusionThe aim of telemedicine is to reduce disparities in healthcare access. The findings of this study show telemedicine has reduced racial disparities and provided greater accessibility for older groups. However, spatial and educational disparities are still noticeable. Research is necessary to examine how healthcare must address the socioeconomic heterogeneity in telemedicine by avoiding further disparities.
Dynamic changes in human single cell transcriptional signatures during fatal sepsis
Authors: Qiu Xinru , Li Jiang , Bonenfant Jeff , Jaroszewski Lukasz , Klein Walter , Godzik Adam , Nair Meera G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSystemic infections, especially in patients with chronic diseases, result in sepsis: an explosive, uncoordinated immune response that can lead to multisystem organ failure with a high mortality rate. Sepsis survivors and non-survivors oftentimes have similar clinical phenotypes or sepsis biomarker expression upon diagnosis, suggesting that the dynamics of sepsis in the critical early stage may have an impact on these opposite outcomes. To investigate this, we designed a within-subject study of patients with systemic gram-negative bacterial sepsis with surviving and fatal outcomes and performed single-cell transcriptomic analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected during the critical period between sepsis recognition and 6 hours. We observed that the largest sepsis-induced expression changes over time in surviving versus fatal sepsis were in CD14+ monocytes, including gene signatures previously reported for sepsis outcomes. We further identify changes in the metabolic pathways of both monocytes and platelets, the emergence of erythroid precursors, and T cell exhaustion signatures, with the most extreme differences occurring between the non-sepsis control and the sepsis non-survivor. Our single-cell observations are consistent with trends from public datasets but also reveal specific effects in individual immune cell populations, which change within hours. In conclusion, this pilot study provides the first single-cell results with a repeated measures design in sepsis to analyze the temporal changes in the immune cell population behavior in surviving or fatal sepsis. These findings indicate that tracking temporal expression changes in specific cell-types could lead to more accurate predictions of sepsis outcomes. We also identify molecular pathways that could be therapeutically controlled to improve the sepsis trajectory toward better outcomes.Summary sentenceSingle cell transcriptomics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in surviving and fatal sepsis reveal inflammatory and metabolic pathways that change within hours of sepsis recognition.
Experiences of COVID-19 Recovered Patients – A Qualitative Case Study from a Hotspot in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhajjaji Abdulrahman , Kurdi Ahmad , Faqeh Sultan , Alansari Safwan , Abdulaziz Akrm , Allihyani Moayad , Almaghamsi Omar , Cheema Ejaz , Ali Majid 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundCOVID-19 is highly contagious and can have fatal outcomes in the elderly and those with comorbidities. Social distancing is highly recommended by the World Health Organization to prevent the spread of the disease. However, it is difficult to maintain social distancing in highly populated areas where people live in close proximity. Such high-risk areas have the potential to become hotspots for the disease spread, should one person therein contract the disease. Nakkasah is one such area in the Makkah city of Saudi Arabia which has been a hotspot in this pandemic. This study aims to qualitatively explore the experiences of COVID-19 recovered patients residing in this area.MethodsWe employed semi-structured face-to-face interviews with people living in Nakkasah, above 18 years of age, and recovered from COVID-19. An interview guide was developed, validated, piloted, and minor changes were made. Two trained students conducted the interviews in the Arabic language in a semi-private area of the community center. The interviews were audio-recorded, with informed consent from interviewees, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed later.ResultsEleven eligible COVID-19 recovered people (two female and nine male) agreed to be interviewed, and their verbal informed consent was audio recorded. The mean interview time was 24 minutes. Thematic analysis generated 30 subthemes, which were categorized into seven overarching themes: information about COVID-19; life during COVID-19 illness; spreading of COVID-19; precautionary measures; interventions that helped in recovery; impact of COVID-19 on life; support received during COVID-19 illness.ConclusionExperiences of people from the hotspot who had recovered from COVID-19 highlighted how life had been like in the hotspot under lockdown especially with having been afflicted with the infection, factors that facilitated their recovery, and the way their lives were and have been affected due to COVID-19.
Anti-tRNA synthetase syndrome interstitial lung disease: A single center experience
Authors: Wilfong Erin M. , Young-Glazer Jennifer J. , Sohn Bret K. , Schroeder Gabriel , Annapureddy Narender , Gillaspie Erin A. , Barnado April , Crofford Leslie J. , Dudenhofer Rosemarie Beckford 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecognition of Anti tRNA synthetase (ARS) related interstitial lung disease (ILD) is key to ensuring patients have prompt access to immunosuppressive therapies. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to identify factors that may delay recognition of ARS-ILD.MethodsPatients seen at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) between 9/17/2017-10/31/2018 were included in this observational cohort. Clinical and laboratory features were obtained via chart abstraction. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U, and Fisher’s exact t tests were utilized to determine statistical significance.ResultsPatients with ARS were found to have ILD in 51.9% of cases, which was comparable to the frequency of ILD in systemic sclerosis (59.5%). The severity of FVC reduction in ARS (53.2%) was comparable to diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (56.8%, p=0.48) and greater than dermatomyositis (66.9%, p=0.005) or limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc, 71.8%, p=0.005). Frank honeycombing was seen with ARS antibodies but not other myositis autoantibodies. ARS patients were more likely to first present to a pulmonary provider in a tertiary care setting (53.6%), likely due to fewer extrapulmonary manifestations. Only 33% of ARS-ILD were anti-nuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide positive. Patients with ARS-ILD had a two-fold longer median time to diagnosis compared to other myositis-ILD patients (11.0 months, IQR 8.5 to 43 months vs. 5.0 months, IQR 3.0 to 9.0 months, p=0.003).ConclusionsARS patients without prominent extra-pulmonary manifestations are at high risk for not being recognized as having a connective tissue disease related ILD and miscategorized as UIP/IPF without comprehensive serologies.
Trends in Fentanyl and Fentanyl Derivative Utilization in the United States
Authors: Stemrich Raymond A. , Weber Jordan V. , McCall Kenneth L. , Piper Brian J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to explore fentanyl and fentanyl derivative distribution patterns from 2010 and 2019 across the United States (US). This study builds upon previous literature that has analyzed the trends in opioid distribution and assesses changes in opioid prescription preferences.MethodsThe amount of fentanyl base distributed in the US from 2010-2019 was obtained from the Drug Enforcement Administration’s Automated Reports and Consolidated Ordering System (ARCOS). Fentanyl derivatives (sufentanil, alfentanil, remifentanil) were also analyzed using ARCOS from 2010-2017, the most recent date reported. Census data from the American Community Survey was used to correct for population. Prescriptions, units, and reimbursement of fentanyl and fentanyl citrate formulations for 2010 and 2019 were obtained from Medicaid and prescriber specialty in Medicare Part D.ResultsTotal grams of fentanyl distributed in the US from 2010 to 2019 decreased by 63%. Correspondingly, there was a 65% decrease in the milligrams per person distributed when correcting for population. From a regional perspective, Ohio had the greatest decrease (−79.3%) while Mississippi saw the smallest (−44.5%). Medicaid reimbursement in 2019 was $165 million for over eight hundred-thousand prescriptions with the majority to generic (99.7%) and injectable (77.6%) formulations. Interventional pain management and anesthesia were over-represented, and hematology/oncology under-represented for fentanyl in Medicare.ConclusionThe production and distribution of fentanyl-based substances has decreased, although not uniformly, in the US over the last decade. Additionally, the most prescribed formulations of fentanyl have transitioned away from transdermal, potentially in an effort to regulate its availability. Although impactful, the overdose deaths attributed to synthetic opioid deaths continue to increase highlighting the need for public health interventions beyond the pharmaceutical and medical communities.