bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Media Opinions on Working From Home in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Study
Authors: Xiong Ziyu , Li Pin , Lyu Hanjia , Luo Jiebo 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundSince March 2020, companies nationwide have started work from home (WFH) owing to the rapid increase of confirmed COVID-19 cases in an attempt to help prevent the disease from spreading and to rescue the economy from the pandemic. Many organizations have conducted surveys to understand people’s opinions toward WFH. However, the findings are limited owing to a small sample size and the dynamic topics over time.ObjectiveThis study aims to understand public opinions regarding WFH in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe conducted a large-scale social media study using Twitter data to portray different groups of individuals who have positive or negative opinions on WFH. We performed an ordinary least squares regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the sentiment about WFH and user characteristics including gender, age, ethnicity, median household income, and population density. To better understand the public opinion, we used latent Dirichlet allocation to extract topics and investigate how tweet contents are related to people’s attitude.ResultsOn performing ordinary least squares regression analysis using a large-scale data set of publicly available Twitter posts (n=28,579) regarding WFH during April 10-22, 2020, we found that the sentiment on WFH varies across user characteristics. In particular, women tend to be more positive about WFH (P<.001). People in their 40s are more positive toward WFH than those in other age groups (P<.001). People from high-income areas are more likely to have positive opinions about WFH (P<.001). These nuanced differences are supported by a more fine-grained topic analysis. At a higher level, we found that the most negative sentiment about WFH roughly corresponds to the discussion on government policy. However, people express a more positive sentiment when discussing topics on “remote work or study” and “encouragement.” Furthermore, topic distributions vary across different user groups. Women pay more attention to family activities than men (P<.05). Older people talk more about work and express a more positive sentiment regarding WFH.ConclusionsThis paper presents a large-scale social media–based study to understand the public opinion on WFH in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hope that this study can contribute to policymaking both at the national and institution or company levels to improve the overall population’s experience with WFH.
Is Audit Committee Power Associated with Audit Completeness and Earnings Announcement Timing?
Authors: Draeger Michelle A. , Haislip Jacob Z. , Sterin Mikhail 
Published: July 2021

SYNOPSIS
Companies are increasingly disclosing earnings announcements prior to the completion of the year-end audit. Earnings that are released before the audit is complete are viewed negatively by investors and are positively associated with restatements and management turnover. We examine the role of the audit committee in the timing of earnings announcements. We predict and find that more powerful audit committees are positively associated with earnings announcements issued closer to audit completion. For observations with incomplete audits, we find that more powerful audit committees are negatively associated with restatements. Finally, more powerful audit committees are associated with delays in the earnings announcement. Our primary results are robust to the use of an entropy-balanced control sample and company fixed effects. These results indicate that audit committees play a role in earnings announcement timeliness and reliability, and have implications for researchers, investors, and regulators.
Data Availability: The data used in this paper are publicly available from the sources indicated in the text.
JEL Classifications: M40; M42.
On the Threshold of Compliance: Public Charities and the Public Support Test
Authors: Newton Ashley 
Published: July 2021

SYNOPSIS
This study investigates how public charities respond to the public support test—an IRS requirement that at least one-third of a public charity's financial support is derived from public sources. Using a large sample of 836,920 charity-year observations during 2009–2018, I find that a disproportionately large number of charities exceed the 33-1/3 percent public support threshold by a small margin. This result holds only for public charities actually subject to the test (six years of age or older) and not young charities that automatically retain public charity status. Further, I find that charities that unexpectedly just meet public support test are more likely to understate fundraising expenses. This evidence implies that the public support levels of charities that just surpass the 33-1/3 percent threshold are likely misrepresented. Overall, my findings provide new insights into a vitally important regulatory threshold that has been largely neglected in existing research.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: L31; L38; M41.
Effects of Preheating and Sonic Delivery Techniques on the Internal Adaptation of Bulk-fill Resin Composites
Authors: Demirel G , Orhan AI , Irmak O , Aydın F , Büyüksungur A , Bilecenoğlu B , Orhan K 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARY

Objective:
To compare the effects of conventional (hand-placed), sonic, or preheated insertion techniques on the internal adaptation of bulk-fill resin composites.

Methods and Materials:
A total of 150 freshly extracted human third molars were used to prepare standardized cylindrical occlusal cavities. Teeth were divided into five main groups according to the resin composites: 1 incremental (Clearfil Majesty Posterior [CMP]) and four paste-like bulk-fill (SonicFill 2 [SF2], VisCalor bulk [VCB], Filtek One bulk-fill restorative [FBR], and Tetric EvoCeram bulk-fill [TEB]). Each main group was divided into three subgroups according to the placement technique: conventional, preheating, and sonic delivery (n=10). In the conventional placement technique, cavities were filled manually. In the sonic insertion technique, a specific handpiece (SonicFill Handpiece; Kerr Corporation) was used. In the preheating technique, a heating device (Caps Warmer, Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany) was used to warm the resin composites before placement. Internal voids (%) of the completed restorations were calculated with microcomputed tomography. Data was analyzed with two-way analysis of variacne followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (α=0.05).

Results:
All resin composites showed fewer internal gaps with preheating compared with the conventional placement (p&lt;0.05). For all resin composites other than SF2, preheating provided fewer internal gaps than that of the sonic placement (p&lt;0.05). Sonic placement led to fewer internal gaps compared with the conventional placement, but only for SF2 and FBR (p&lt;0.05). For the conventional placement, the lowest gap percentage was observed with the incremental resin composite (CMP, p&lt;0.05). Among all groups, the lowest gap percentages were observed for preheated VCB followed by sonically inserted SF2 (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusion:
The best internal adaptation was observed in sonically inserted SF2 and preheated VCB, which were the manufacturers’ recommended insertion techniques. Preheating considerably improved the internal adaptation of all resin composites, except for that of SF2.
Single-Tooth Rehabilitation Combining Root Displacement and Crown Lengthening Two-Year Follow-Up: A Case Report
Authors: Pontons-Melo JC , Garcia IM , Melo MA , Collares FM 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARY
Rehabilitation of an extensively compromised single anterior tooth represents an intriguing challenge for dentists, particularly when the rehabilitation involves esthetic, psychosocial, and functional requirements. The success in rehabilitating a patient with a conservative approach depends on a critical evaluation of the remaining structures, precise treatment plan, systematic treatment strategies, and patient compliance. In this case, the patient's chief complaint was the undesirable appearance of the maxillary right lateral, caused by the displacement of the post and crown. Clinical examination revealed a remaining tooth with coronal fracture, severe loss of tissue due to caries, and absence of ferrule effect. Radiographic examination revealed that the fracture margin was located subgingival. This case report describes a single-tooth rehabilitation involving a combination of root displacement via orthodontic extrusion and crown lengthening. The rehabilitation was followed by post-and-core restoration using a prefabricated glass fiber post associated with a disilicate lithium crown. The clinical decision making and combined effect of both treatment strategies are explained in this report. The treatment required three months, including recovery times after surgery and the placement of the provisional crown. The patient was esthetically and functionally satisfied with the restoration. Patient follow-up examination was performed 24 months after the treatment. This clinical report contributes to the clinical practice and exemplifies the possibility of rehabilitating the natural tooth using combined techniques, which may offer particular advantages regarding prognosis and invested efforts.
KRITIK NOVEL WINTER IN TOKYO MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA
Authors: Bako Hariyani Fazrin , Natasha Novi Amelia , Lubis Fitriani , Simanjuntak Emasta Evayanti 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini berjudul Kritik Novel Winter In Tokyo menggunakan Pendekatan Sosiologi Sastra. Novel Winter In Tokyo merupakan salah satu diantara tetralogi novel empat musim karya Ilana Tan yang mengisahkan tentang kisah cinta dua insan di musim dingin kota Tokyo. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah agar mengetahui bagaimana nilai-nilai sosiologi sastra yang terdapat pada novel Winter In Tokyo karya Ilana Tan tersebut, bagaimana kondisi sosial dan lingkungan yang digunakan sebagi latar dalam pembuatan novel tersebut. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah metode deskriptif dimana penelitiannya di mulai dengan membaca kemudian mengkaji isi dari novel tersebut dan di analisi dari segi kritik sastra melalui pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut, hasil yang dapat di peroleh ialah sebagai negara yang maju, Jepang dengan ibukota Tokyo yang merupakan salah satu kota terbesar di Jepang dengan status sosial dan pusatnya perekonomian, bisnis, kebudayaan, menjadikannya kota dengan sistem urbanisasi yang individualis, lingkungan penduduk yang status sosialnya terbilang tinggi, dan interaksi antar masyarakatnya yang cenderung kurang ramah terlebih kepada orang asing.
HUBUNGAN IMAJINASI DENGAN KARYA SASTRA NOVEL
Authors: Saragih Amoy Krismawati , Manik Nola Sari , Br Samosir Rosenna Rema Yunia 
Published: July 2021

Jurnal ini dibuat dengan tujuan agar mengetahui dan paham apa hubungan imajinasi dengan sastra dan juga paham seberapa penting imajinasi dalam pembuatan karya sastra. Jurnal ini menggunakan metode analisis. Metode analisis data merupakan bagian dari proses analisis dimana data yang dikumpulkan lalu diproses untuk menghasilkan kesimpulan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Pada masa ini banyak orang yang tidak paham betul seberapa penting kaitan imajinasi dan sastra padahal sastra dan imajinasi adalah sebuah hal yang berkaitan erat. Dan hal tersebutlah yang menjadi alasan kami membuat jurnal ini. Imajinasi adalah sebuah insprirasi yang muncul dari nalar atau sebuah pemikiran yang dimana imajinasi dapat bermanfaat untuk menciptakan sebuah karya yang menarik, imajinasi juga disebut dunia sastra karena imajimasi sumber karya sedangkan sastra adalah sebuah karya yang dimana karya itu lebih banyak atau dominannya tercipta dari imajinasi atau pemikiran seseorang dan sastra juga banyak memiliki kata-kata kiasan dan oleh sebab itu sastra imajinasi sangat berhubungan dan saling berkaitan dalam sebuah karya sastra. Dan metode analisis yang kami pakai dalam jurnal ini adalah metode analisis data kualitatif yang mana metode analisis data kualitatif adalah metode pengolahan data secara mendalam dengan data dari hasil pengamatan, wawancara, dan literatur. Sesuai dengan penjelasan diatas maka kami akan menganalisis beberapa literatur dan hasil akhir kami akan memberi kesimpulan berdasarkan literatur tersebut.
ANALISIS UNSUR INTRINSIK CERPEN “HENING DI UJUNG SENJA” KARYA WILSON NADEAK
Authors: Surbakti Felicia Eneguita , Ramadani Riska , Heriani Ulfiza 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana unsur intrinsik kisah senja dalam suatu karya sastra cerpen. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut maka perlu dilakukan dengan menganalisis bagaimana kisah senja dalam puisi dan bagaimana kisah senja dalam cerpen. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif-kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode simak. Ada pun sumber data penelitian ini yakni kumpulan karya dari Wilson Nadeak (cerpen) Sedangkan yang menjadi data penelitian adalah teks cerpen dengan judul "Hening di Ujung Senja" . Analisis data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan unsur intrinsik yang terdapat didalam cerpen. disimpulkan bahwa cerpen tersebut menceritakan tentang kesan dari teman-teman yang satu demi satu meninggalkan dunia ini. Waktu begitu cepat memakan usia, seakan terjadinya baru kemarin. Jangankan seusia 60 tahun 70 tahun, bertemu dengan teman-teman kecil saja yang sudah menikah dan punya anak, saya merasa baru seperti kemarin bermain bersamaa-sama. Semantik yang digunakan dalam cerpen “ Hening di Ujung Senja “ karya Wilson Nadiek ini adalah semantik deskriptif yaitu hanya memperhatikan makna sekarang saja.
Sustainable development and management of medical tourism companies in Poland
Authors: Wiśniewska Anna Maria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to analyze the macroeconomic sector of medical tourism and to demonstrate through empirical research the possibilities of using business opportunities for the development of medical tourism in Poland. The thesis is to point out that development of companies in medical tourism is one of the components of metropolises’ sustainable development.

Methodology
A study with a sample of 214 individuals was conducted in 2018–2019 using the PAPI and CAWI techniques and a survey questionnaire was the research tool. Medical tourism companies located in the voivodship of the Upper Silesia, Warsaw, Cracow, and Szczecin metropolises took party in the study. Participation in the research was determined by the possibility to reach the companies and obtain results.

Results
The study has shown that development of companies in medical tourism is an inevitable component of metropolises’ sustainable development. It has been demonstrated that a dynamic development of companies occurs in the investigated period, which encourages expansion of medical tourism services among residents of the said metropolises.
‘Begin at the Beginning’: Method in Christological Anthropology and T. F. Torrance’s Fallen Human Nature View
Authors: Woznicki Christopher G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This essay argues that unlike many contemporary christological anthropologies that begin with protology or eschatology, T. F. Torrance’s christological anthropology begins with the incarnate Christ as he confronts us in the midst of God’s redemptive act. This approach is labeled Soteriological-Christological Anthropology. Torrance himself does not develop this anthropological method in a sustained manner, therefore, this essay attempts to develop Torrance’s method by examining his doctrine of Christ’s fallen human nature and his epistemology. After developing Torrance’s Soteriological-Christological Anthropology the challenges and prospects of this view are addressed
Pairing Problems: Causal and Christological
Authors: Wong Kevin W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Trenton Merricks has objected to dualist conceptions of the Incarnation in a similar way to Jaegwon Kim’s pairing problem. On the original pairing problem, so argues Kim, we lack a pairing relationship between bodies and souls such that body A is causally paired with soul A and not soul B. Merricks, on the other hand, argues that whatever relations dualists propose that do pair bodies and souls together (e.g. causal relations) are relations that God the Son has with all bodies whatsoever via his divine attributes (e.g. God the Son could cause motion in any and all bodies via his omnipotence). So if we count these relations as sufficient for embodiment, then dualism implies that God the Son is embodied in all bodies whatsoever. I shall argue that while the original pairing problem might be easily answerable, the Christological pairing problem is not and that dualists must shift some of their focus from the defense of the soul’s existence to explicating the nature of the mind-body relationship.
Les arts peuvent-ils et doivent-ils « unir leurs forces » ?
Authors: Gaudard François-Charles 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Le fil conducteur de l’article est « le rôle fondateur du symbolisme » dans les mouvements artistiques du XXe siècle. À la Belle Époque succèdent la fracture de la guerre et les tentatives de recomposition du monde (exploration du monde et de l’homme dans les sciences, foisonnement des mouvements artistiques, pratique du dialogue entre les arts). Si une première tentative de « cicatrisation » se manifesta dans les témoignages et les commémorations, une autre solution consista à faire table rase du passé (dadaïsme) et à s’orienter vers la « surréalité ». L’accent est ici mis sur l’effervescence du milieu parisien (poésie, peinture, musique, danse) et la révolution des ballets russes, comme exemples d’une revitalisation et d’un renouveau de la pensée et de la création : le dialogue des arts mis en scène de manière novatrice, voire provocatrice, pendant la guerre et plus encore dans l’immédiate après-guerre, contribue fortement à rendre possible la crédibilité d’un autre futur que celui du malheur.
Offences against Internationally Protected Persons: Problems of International Legal Qualification
Authors: Tarabrin V. E. , Kantur R. A. 
Published: July 2021

INTRODUCTION.The article examines various aspects of the international legal qualification of offences committed against internationally protected persons. The analysis of different elements of corpus delicti was laid at the heart of the study: namely, those of actus reus (whether the offence was perpetrate in the situation of an armed conflict), mens rea (whether the perpetrator was moved by a special intent, particularly the terrorist dolus specialis), and the legal status of a perpetrator (whether he or she was a state agent).MATERIALS AND METHODS. The materials of the study encompass international conventions, rules and principles of customary international law, case law of international courts and tribunals and international legal doctrine. The paper uses the comparative method and those of analysis and synthesis. RESEARCH RESULTS. The key result of the study consists in the assumption that offences against internationally protected persons can be considered as either a conventional crime within the meaning of the 1973 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents (including, if a terrorist dolus specialis is established, as a crime of terrorism), or (in case of armed conflict) a violation of laws and customs of war, for this category of persons falls within the definition of protected persons by implication of Article 4 of the 1949 IV Geneva Convention, which gives grounds for the application of Article 146 of the 1949 IV Geneva Convention for purposes of the their criminal prosecution.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS.Given the result of the study, it is states that the following test can be applied for purposes of international legal qualification of offences against internationally protected persons: first, it is necessary to establish whether the offence of committed in a situation of armed conflict; second, it is highly important to enquire about the intent of the delinquent. If there is a terrorist dolus specialis, the offence can be qualified as terrorism-related. Moreover, it is necessary to establish the status of the delinquent and whether the one is a state agent or a private person, or, even if the person is a state agent, whether the one is a person acting sua sponte; additionally, the status of a delinquent and its relation with the belligerent state in regard to the situation of armed conflict is also significant for the qualification of respective offences in light of international law
ПРИМЕРИ ПРИМЕНЕ SCADA СИСТЕМА У ИНДУСТРИЈИ НАФТЕ И ГАСА
Authors: Лазић Немања , Поробић Владо 
Published: July 2021

У овом раду представљени су различити начини интеграције комуникационе и управљачке опреме, као и различите методе прикупљања, складиштења и визуелизације процесних величина у SCADA систему. Као софтверска платформа за интеграцију овог система искориштена је AVEVA(Wonderware) System Platform-a, са својим серверским компонентама и клијентским апликацијама.
PREDIKCIJA BILLBOARD HITOVA NA OSNOVU AUDIO I TEKSTUALNIH OBELEŽJA PESAMA
Authors: Rajanović Sandra 
Published: July 2021

U ovom radu prikazano je kreiranje sistema za predikciju hitova na Billboard top-listama, koristeći audio obeležja i tekstove pesama. Rešenje problema binarne klasifikacije implementirano je uz po­moć više modela mašinskog učenja i dve tehnike obrade prirodnog jezika, a realizovano je u Python programskom jeziku.
Melilite-olivine neрhelinites of Mt. Tabaat (Makhtesh Ramon, Israel): Geological, petrographic and geochemical characteristics and conditions of genesis
Authors: Yudalevich Z. A. , Vapnik V. A. , Vishnyakova M. D. , Borodina N. S. 
Published: July 2021

Research subject. The melilite-olivine nephelinite subvolcanic body Tabaat, which includes melilite rocks found for the first time on the territory of Levant.Materials and methods. The chemical composition of minerals (about 400 analyzes) was determined out on a CAMECA SX-100 microanalyzer equipped with five wave spectrometers with crystal analyzers TAP, LPET and LLIF. The elemental composition was measured at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV, an electron beam current of 40 nA. The oxygen concentration was calculated from the condition of stoichiometric composition of silicate minerals and chromite. In addition, the results of earlier studies of minerals (150 analyses) and data on melt inclusions were used.Results. The Tabaat subvolcanic body, which is part of the Early Cretaceous olivine-basalt-basanite-nephelinite association Makhtesh Ramona (Negev, Israel), has a complex concentrically-zonal structure, with olivine melanephelinites in the peripheral zone, melilite-olivine melanephelinites in the central and connecting zones normative and, less often, melilite-containing melanephelinites. Prismatic separation is widely manifested in the rocks. The fold-like bending and concave-curved edges of the prisms are a reflection of the plastic state of the cooling body and its ability to compress and accommodate a high fluid pressure, which develops during the formation of melilite nephelinites.Conclusion. All mineral diversity of rocks of the Mt. Tabaat is a derivative of a single portion of magmatic melt under conditions of its adiabatic cooling at the place of stabilization. A special role in the course of crystallization of the massif belongs to minerals with a high water content – analcime, zeolites, iddingsites, bowlingites and saponite-celadonites, which indicate the deuteric stage of its development. The study of melt inclusions in olivine and clinopyroxene showed the continuity of their composition with the composition of host melilite nephelinites and the importance of incongruent melting during the formation of melilite, which is a product of the reaction of nepheline with olivine or clinopyroxene.