bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microembolic signal detection in acute ischemic stroke: Clinical relevance and impact on treatment individualization—A narrative review
Authors: Bakola Eleni , Palaiodimou Lina , Kargiotis Odysseas , Safouris Apostolos , Psychogios Klearchos , Karapanayiotides Theodoros , Moschovos Christos , Sharma Vijay K. , Rubin Mark N. , Freitas João Sargento , Baracchini Claudio , Krogias Christos , Alexandrov Andrei V. , Georgios Tsivgoulis 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundMicroembolic signals (MES) can be detected using transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound in several clinical scenarios, including acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This narrative review aims to provide insights into their role in AIS patient management and outcomes.MethodsThe present narrative review consolidates current observational and randomized evidence on the prevalence and clinical relevance of MES in different AIS subtypes and settings.ResultsMES prevalence is higher in AIS patients with large artery atherosclerosis, indicating unstable or vulnerable plaques, and lower in those with small vessel disease. Detecting MES can significantly aid in managing AIS patients, particularly when the cause is unclear, as MES detected in different cerebral arteries can indicate conditions like covert cardioembolism, aortic arch atherosclerosis, or coagulation disorders, including cancer‐related stroke. MES are associated with higher risk of stroke recurrence, independently of the underlying stroke mechanism. The detection of MES during and after acute systemic or endovascular reperfusion procedures in large‐vessel occlusion patients appears to be predictive of adverse clinical outcomes and recurrent stroke. Finally, a reduction in MES detection may serve as surrogate marker and intermediate endpoint evaluating secondary stroke prevention treatments in the settings of randomized‐controlled clinical trials.ConclusionMES detection on TCD in AIS remains a useful diagnostic tool as it helps the clinicians to approach the stroke underlying mechanism by detecting and quantifying ongoing cerebral embolization and localizing an embolic source in real time. In addition, it allows monitoring and treatment individualization in stroke patients, while further determining recurrent stroke risk.
DO WORKERS BENEFIT FROM WAGE TRANSPARENCY RULES?
Authors: Gürtler Oliver , Struth Lennart 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWage transparency rules arguably enable workers better to assess their contribution to firm value, allowing them to make wage demands that more accurately reflect their value for the employing firm. This article contains a formal analysis of transparency rules and their effects on wages and the payoffs of the targeted workers. We find that these rules induce firms to behave strategically with the aim of manipulating the information workers receive. We identify a large class of rules that yield an identical equilibrium outcome. For productivity distributions with decreasing (increasing) hazard rate, transparency rules increase (potentially decrease) workers' payoffs.
Sodium butyrate mediates the MAPK signaling pathway and apoptosis and modulates intestinal flora to alleviate glycinin‐induced intestinal injury in Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Li Deng‐Lai , Zhu Rui , Yang Zhi‐Yong , Wu Li‐Fang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe study investigated the potential alleviating effect of sodium butyrate (SB) on intestinal injuries caused by glycinin in the diet of common carp. Fish were divided into six groups: a control group (without glycinin and SB), a Gly group (with glycinin), and four groups supplemented with different doses of SB (0.75, 1.50, 2.25, and 3.00 g/kg) based on the Gly group. All diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic, and the fish were fed these diets for 8 weeks. The results indicated that glycinin activated the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, leading to upregulating ERK, JNK, and p38 gene expression in the intestine. However, SB2 and SB3 groups were able to inhibit this pathway. Furthermore, glycinin upregulated the expression of proapoptotic genes (Bax, Caspase‐3, Caspase‐8, and Caspase‐9) while downregulating the antiapoptotic gene Bcl2. The SB2 and SB3 groups were found to alleviate glycinin‐induced apoptosis. Additionally, dietary glycinin significantly decreased the expression of tight junction genes (ZO‐1, Claudin3, Claudin7, and Occludin1) in the intestine, whereas the SB2 and SB3 groups improved intestinal barrier function. Glycinin also elevated serum levels of d‐lactate, diamine oxidase, serotonin, and endothelin, resulting in intestinal damage and increased permeability. In contrast, the SB2 and SB3 groups reduced these serum levels, thereby regulating intestinal permeability. Moreover, glycinin disrupted the intestinal morphology, which was mitigated by the SB2 and SB3 groups by increasing the height and width of intestinal villi folds. Lastly, dietary glycinin altered the intestinal microecological balance by increasing Proteobacteria abundance and decreasing Clostridium and Bacteroidetes abundance. The SB2 and SB3 groups modulated the composition of dominant taxa by increasing Firmicutes and Acidobacteria abundance. Overall, SB was found to mediate the MAPK signaling pathway, apoptosis, upregulation of tight junction genes, maintenance of the intestinal physical barrier, and regulation of intestinal flora, thereby alleviating glycinin‐induced intestinal damage.
Co‐Designing Recipe Resources to Support Healthy Eating in African‐Caribbeans in the United Kingdom: An Academic and Community Partnership Approach
Authors: Apekey Tanefa A. , Moore Sally G. , Maynard Maria J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe wealth of free food‐based resources available to UK consumers on healthy eating and nutrition provides very limited illustrations of ethnic foods including African‐Caribbean cuisines. This inequality in available resources limits the ability of African‐Caribbean communities to effectively manage their health and reduces the cultural competence of health professionals.ObjectiveThe aim was to co‐design healthier versions of several traditional African‐Caribbean recipe resources by working in partnership with academics, a community‐based Third Sector organisation, and their service‐users.MethodsNutritional analysis software was used to theoretically modify the nutritional composition of popular traditional African‐Caribbean recipes using recently produced analytical food composition data. Twelve recipes were theoretically modified to reduce the content of key nutrients and ingredients of concern (i.e., salt/sodium, free sugars), or increase those nutrients known to be at risk of lower than adequate intakes (i.e., iron, folate) within the UK African‐Caribbean communities. Recipes were then prepared by community service‐users (n = 12) of African‐Caribbean ethnicity living in Leeds (UK) in the community service setting. The feasibility and acceptability of the recipes were evaluated by obtaining verbal feedback from service‐users, following which recipes were further refined as appropriate.ResultsModification resulted in a reduction in the overall energy (in the range of 23–188 kcal), fat (in the range of 0.1–13.7 g), saturated fatty acid (in the range of 0.1–2.9 g) and sugar (in the range of 0.2–8.3 g), provided by 100 g of the standard recipes. Similarly, modification resulted in the reduction in salt from about 63 to 0.01 g per 100 g edible portion of the standard recipe.ConclusionIt is feasible to modify African‐Caribbean recipes to be healthier and acceptable to consumers. Combined with improving access to food environments that make available healthy foods, the recipes are intended to support healthier eating with African‐Caribbean foods.
Unchartered territory? Navigating voice, accountability, and prevention in suicide‐related domestic homicide reviews in England and Wales
Authors: MUNRO VANESSA E. , DANGAR SARAH , ANDRADE LOTTE YOUNG 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDistinct from a criminal justice investigation, which focuses on the retrospective attribution of responsibility and the imposition of punishment on a perpetrator of abuse, domestic homicide reviews (DHRs) involve a contextual exploration of the circumstances in which the death occurred, with a view to learning lessons that can facilitate improved safeguarding, agency engagement, and support provision. In this article, we report on an analysis of reviews completed in England and Wales in cases of domestic abuse‐related suicide, and interviews with professionals and bereaved family members. We highlight challenges faced in relation to facilitating voice and participation, encouraging critical reflection and accountability, and ensuring implementation and prevention. With the DHR regime under review in England and Wales, and a focus on its applicability to deaths by suicide, we reflect on lessons that might be learned from other processes where efforts to cultivate a ‘just’ rather than a ‘blame’ culture have also been made.
Genetic and Genomic Approaches to the Study of Drug‐Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Daly Ann K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIdiosyncratic hepatotoxicity induced by prescribed drugs has been known since the early 20th century. Identifying risk factors, including genetic factors, that trigger this drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) has been an important priority for many years, both to prevent drugs that cause liver injury being licensed and as a potential means of preventing at‐risk patients being prescribed causative drugs. Improved methods for genomic analysis, particularly the development of genome‐wide association studies, have facilitated the identification of genomic risk factors for DILI, but, to date, there are only two main examples, liver injury caused by amoxicillin‐clavulanate (AC) and by flucloxacillin, where genetic risk factors causing the injury have been identified and replicated with understanding of the underlying mechanism. There has also been progress on identifying genetic risk factors for liver injury caused by other anti‐infective agents, herbal remedies and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. The majority of genetic risk factors identified to date are specific human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and evidence that these alleles preferentially present self‐peptides inappropriately to T cells in the liver has been obtained. Non‐HLA genes also contribute to genetic susceptibility, both as co‐factors in T‐cell responses and, in the case of isoniazid‐only, drug metabolism. Polygenic risk scores to predict DILI have been developed, both a simple score that predicts AC injury and complex scores that may be applied to DILI more generally and provide evidence that additional risk factors other than HLA genes exist.
International Benchmarks for the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lake Eileen T. , Zhang Bingyu , Tong Jiayi , Mpundu Gloria , Gross Kelsey N. , Correa Malini H. , Wethman Lauren B. , Moronski Lynne , Villani Domenique , Chen Yong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index has been used worldwide to measure nurse work environments. International benchmark values for this scale can assist managers in assessing their work environment. The objective was to conduct a meta‐analysis of this instrument's composite and subscale values across continents, nursing unit types, and time. Studies published up until September 30, 2023 were identified in CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Embase. One‐hundred and sixty publications representing 38 countries were included. Most studies were rated as high certainty and low to moderate risk of bias. The pooled point estimate (2.70) indicated that hospital work environments were modestly positive. The weakest work environment domain was Staffing and Resource Adequacy (2.47). Europe had significantly weaker work environments than Asia and North America. Africa and South America had few studies. Better work environments were reported in neonatal intensive care, as compared to medical surgical and critical care units. A small, positive slope over time, which was detected in the three continents, was significant in North America. To promote evidence‐based management globally, benchmark values are now available by setting and continent.
Assessing Changes in China's Pond Water Quality From 1989 to 2020: Implications for Green Development in Aquaculture
Authors: Duan Yuanshuai , Liu Lu , Tang Rong , Xie Shouqi , Yang Mingmei , Zhang Zhimin , Li Dapeng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSince 1989, China has become the world's largest aquaculture producer through pond culture, significantly contributing to global food security but potentially posing environmental threats. However, little is known about the changes in the pond water quality at broad spatial and temporal scales, thus creating challenges in the sustainability of pond aquaculture. Herein, we explore changes in water quality in China's aquaculture ponds from 1989 to 2020 and assess the waterbody's health status to optimize sustainable management strategies. This study highlights pond water quality changes closely associated with China's aquaculture practices, development, and related policies. Seasonal and regional farming variations significantly impact water quality, with peak aquaculture seasons and Central China and North China associated with the lowest water quality scores. Pond water quality initially declined with the rise of intensive aquaculture but improved after 2012 with the adoption of ecological engineering measures, eco‐farming practices, and policies supporting green development. Under a scenario combining these efforts, the water quality score in 2035 is projected to increase by 57% of the 2020 level. These findings reveal that national ecological initiatives and advancements in green aquaculture techniques and public policies can significantly enhance the water quality of China's aquaculture ponds, offering valuable insights into environmental governance in global agriculture.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Programmed Death‐Ligand 1 and Cytotoxic T‐Lymphocyte Antigen‐4 in Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumours
Authors: Ribeiro Mariana Pinto , Canadas‐Sousa Ana , Aluai‐Cunha Catarina , de Fátima Carvalho Maria , Santos Andreia Ferreira 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMast cell tumours (MCTs) are the most frequent cutaneous neoplasia of the dog, and they have very variable biological behaviour and survival times. Surgery is still the best treatment, and despite the several adjuvant therapies described, many cases are very aggressive and resistant to these treatments making it urgent to find new therapeutic targets. Nowadays, immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints has been described as a complementary treatment for several human cancers, but it is still very scarcely studied in veterinary medicine. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the expression of the checkpoint proteins programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) to evaluate their potential as therapeutic targets for MCT. Through immunohistochemical study, it was analysed the expression of PD‐L1 and CTLA‐4 in 74 MCT cases from the archive of the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the University of Porto (LabPatVet). Tumour size, histological grade, ki‐67 proliferation index, mitotic count and presence of metastatic disease were also assessed. Most of the cases expressed both immune checkpoints in neoplastic cells. There was a statistically significant inverse association between the expression of CTLA‐4 and MCT grade (p < 0,001) and mitotic count (p < 0.001). PD‐L1 was significantly and negatively related to HG (p = 0.004), and tumour size (р = 0.014). Tumour size, histological grade and mitotic count were positively associated with metastatic disease. Additionally, it was observed that the expression of PD‐L1 and CTLA‐4 was interrelated (p < 0.001). This study demonstrated that MCT cells express both PD‐L1 and CTLA‐4 and that their expression was associated with MCT prognostic factors.
A refined, minimally invasive, reproducible ovine ischaemia–reperfusion–infarction model using implantable defibrillators: Methodology and validation
Authors: Pius Charlene , Niort Barbara , Radcliffe Emma J. , Trafford Andrew W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIschaemic heart disease remains a leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity. Understanding the associated pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction arising from ischaemic heart disease and the identification of sites for new therapeutic interventions requires a preclinical model that reproduces the key clinical characteristics of myocardial ischaemia, reperfusion and infarction. Here, we describe and validate a refined and minimally invasive translationally relevant approach to induce ischaemia, reperfusion and infarction in the sheep. The novelty and refinement in the procedure stems from utilization of implantable cardiac defibrillators prior to coronary engagement, balloon angioplasty to induce infarction, and intra‐operative anti‐arrhythmic drug protocols to reduce adverse arrhythmic events. The protocol is readily adoptable by researchers with access to standard fluoroscopic instrumentation, and it requires minimally invasive surgery. These refinements lead to a substantial reduction of intra‐operative mortality to 6.7% from previously published values ranging between 13% and 43%. The model produces key characteristics associated with the fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction, including ECG changes, elevated cardiac biomarkers and cardiac wall motility defects. In conclusion, the model closely replicates the clinical paradigm of myocardial ischaemia, reperfusion and infarction in a translationally relevant large animal setting, and the applied refinements reduce the incidence of intra‐operative mortality typically associated with preclinical myocardial infarction models.
Role of forelimb morphology in muscle sensorimotor functions during locomotion in the cat
Authors: Rahmati Seyed Mohammadali , Klishko Alexander N. , Martin Ramaldo S. , Bunderson Nate E. , Meslie Jeswin A. , Nichols T. Richard , Rybak Ilya A. , Frigon Alain , Burkholder Thomas J. , Prilutsky Boris I. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPrevious studies established strong links between morphological characteristics of mammalian hindlimb muscles and their sensorimotor functions during locomotion. Less is known about the role of forelimb morphology in motor outputs and generation of sensory signals. Here, we measured morphological characteristics of 46 forelimb muscles from six cats. These characteristics included muscle attachments, physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) and fascicle length. We also recorded full‐body mechanics and EMG activity of forelimb muscles during level overground and treadmill locomotion in seven and 16 adult cats of either sex, respectively. We computed forelimb muscle forces along with force‐ and length‐dependent sensory signals mapped onto corresponding cervical spinal segments. We found that patterns of computed muscle forces and afferent activities were strongly affected by the muscle's moment arm, PCSA and fascicle length. Morphology of the shoulder muscles suggests distinct roles of the forelimbs in lateral force production and movements. Patterns of length‐dependent sensory activity of muscles with long fibres (brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis) closely matched patterns of overall forelimb length, whereas the activity pattern of biceps brachii length afferents matched forelimb orientation. We conclude that cat forelimb muscle morphology contributes substantially to locomotor function, particularly to control lateral stability and turning, rather than propulsion.
imageKey points
Little is known about the role of forelimb muscle morphology in producing motor outputs and generating somatosensory signals. This information is needed to understand the contributions of forelimbs in locomotor control.
We measured morphological characteristics of 46 muscles from cat forelimbs, recorded cat walking mechanics and electromyographic activity, and computed patterns of moment arms, length, velocity, activation, and force of forelimb muscles, as well as length‐ and force‐dependent afferent activity during walking.
We demonstrated that moment arms, physiological cross‐sectional area and fascicle length of forelimb muscles contribute substantially to muscle force production and proprioceptive activity, to the regulation of locomotor cycle phase transitions and to control of lateral stability.
The obtained information can guide the development of biologically accurate neuromechanical models of quadrupedal locomotion for exploring and testing novel methods of treatments of central nervous system pathologies by modulating activities in neural pathways controlling forelimbs/arms.
Experimental Study on Vibration Characteristics of Rotor-Rotor Inter-Shaft Labyrinth Seal Rubbing Faults in a Counter-Rotating Aero-Engine
Authors: Wang Zhiliang , Zhao Wei , Ma Yingqun , Ren Sanqun , Yang Xuesen , Zhao Qingjun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In order to solve the problem of rotor-rotor inter-shaft labyrinth seal rubbing fault during the test run of a counter-rotating dual-rotor aero-engine, based on the fast Fourier transform, the vibration time-domain signals of three groups of cross-sectional measuring points on the casing are analyzed in the frequency domain, and the three-dimensional waterfall diagrams of each cross-sectional measuring point and the spectrum diagrams of the step section of the time-domain signal are drawn. The analysis results show that when the high- and low-pressure speeds are both in steady-state, the rotor-rotor inter-shaft labyrinth seal rubbing causes a sudden increase in the amplitude of some measuring points on the casing; the spectrum diagrams at the measuring points of the intake casing and turbine casing sections show regular combined frequencies f1 + k2f2 and k1f1 + f2 characteristics, and the frequency 2f1 + f2 component is dominant; the double fundamental frequency components of the rotating frequency with different amplitudes appear at some of the cross-sectional measuring points. Finally, based on the vibration transfer path analysis method, the vibration characteristics of the rotor-rotor inter-shaft labyrinth seal rubbing fault are analyzed mechanistically, and combined with the results of engine disassembly inspection, it is comprehensively judged that the fault is due to the increase in rotor vibration caused by the rise in high- and low-pressure speeds. Furthermore, the labyrinth seal on the low-pressure rotor expands more due to the high temperature than the wear-resistant coating area, resulting in a reduction in the gap between the labyrinth seal and the wear-resistant coating on the inner side of the high-pressure rotor, which leads to the rotor-rotor inter-shaft labyrinth seal rubbing fault.