bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of TLR4 signaling regulated-COX2/PGE2 axis in liver fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum infection
Authors: Chen Lan , Ji Xiaofang , Wang Manni , Liao Xiaoyan , Liang Cuiying , Tang Juanjuan , Wen Zhencheng , Dominique Ferrandon , Li Zi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation plays a pivotal role in hepatic inflammation and liver fibrosis. TLR4 pathway activation has been reported to be involved in mice liver fibrosis induced by hepatitis virus infection, alcohol abuse, biliary ligation, carbon tetrachloride 4 treatment, and Schistosoma japonicum (Sj) infection. The effect and mechanisms of the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)/prostanoid E2 (PGE2) axis on liver fibrosis induced by Sj are still unclear.

Methods
Mice liver fibrosis were induced by cutaneous infection of Sj cercariae. COX-2 inhibitor, NS398 were injected from week 5 to week 7, while TLR4 inhibitor TAK242 were injected from week 4 to week 8 post Sj infection. Human HSCs line, LX-2 cells were cultured and exposed to LPS or synthetic PGE2, or pretreated by TAK242, TLR4-siRNA or NS398. Liver tissue and serum or in vitro cultured cell lysaste were collected at indicated time courses for exploring the relationship between TLR4 and COX2-PGE2 axis through qPCR, western blot, immunohistochemical assay, ect. One-way analysis of variance among multiple groups followed by Uncorrected Fisher’s LSD-t test or paired comparisons through t test were performed to tell the statistical differences.

Results
This study investigated the link between the COX2/PGE2 axis and TLR4 signaling in the induction of liver fibrogenesis in mice during Sj infection and in vitro culture of HSC strain-LX-2. The COX2/PGE2 axis was positively associated with Sj-induced liver fibrosis. TLR4 pathway activation stimulated the COX2/PGE2 axis in Sj-infected mice and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed cultured HSCs. Synthetic PGE2 activated cultured HSCs through upregulation of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. In LPS-triggered HSCs, NS398, a COX2 inhibitor, led to suppression of PGE2 synthesis and reduced expression of α-SMA and type I collagen (COL I).

Conclusions
These results indicate firstly the positive association of the COX2/PGE2 axis with liver fibrosis induced by Sj infection. TLR4 signaling may at least partially control the COX2/PGE2 axis in Sj-infected mice liver and in vitro cultured HSCs. The COX2/PGE2-EP2/EP4 axis might be a good drug target against liver fibrosis induced by Sj infection.

Graphical Abstract
Pulmonary sequestration with Aspergillus infection presenting as massive hemoptysis and hemothorax with highly elevated carcinoembryonic antigen in pleural effusion that mimics advanced lung malignancy
Authors: Luo Wei , Hu Tong-chen , Luo Lincheng , Li Ya-lun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary sequestration (PS) associated with massive hemoptysis, hemothorax, and elevated tumor markers or even lung malignancy has been reported in several studies. These clinical features combined with lung lesions on chest imaging are sometimes hard to differentiate from lung malignancies and often complicate the diagnostic procedure.

Case presentation
A 45-year-old man with PS presented with massive hemoptysis, hemothorax, and extremely elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in pleural effusion was initially misdiagnosed with advanced lung carcinoma, but was ultimately diagnosed with PS with Aspergillus infection.

Conclusions
PS is rarely concurrent with lung cancer; most of the time, it is misdiagnosed as a malignancy, especially when presenting with a fungal infection, which could remarkably elevate CEA in pleural effusion.
Myocardial strain analysis as a non-invasive screening test in the diagnosis of stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Akiash Nehzat , Mohammadi Mohammad , Mombeini Hoda , Nikpajouh Akbar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most prevalent diseases around the world; however, finding the best noninvasive, low-cost, and more easily accessible test for its screening has been a challenge for several years. Eighty-nine patients suspected of stable CAD underwent 2D-speckle-tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) at resting position and offline longitudinal myocardial strain analysis, followed by coronary angiography. The correlation of the global longitudinal strain (GLS) and territorial longitudinal strain (TLS) with significant CAD (70% and more stenosis in at least one coronary artery) was then evaluated.

Results
The statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between low GLS and significant CAD (P=0.0001). The results also showed a significant correlation between low TLS and significant CAD in the left and right coronary artery territories. The optimal cut-off point of GLS for the detection of significant CAD was −19.25, with a sensitivity of 76.5% and specificity of 76.6%.

Conclusion
This study confirmed the usefulness of 2DSTE myocardial strain analysis in diagnosis of CAD for detecting the affected coronary arteries using GLS and SLS.
Caffeine Increases Exercise Performance, Maximal Oxygen Uptake, and Oxygen Deficit in Elite Male Endurance Athletes
Authors: STADHEIM HANS KRISTIAN , STENSRUD TRINE , BRAGE SØREN , JENSEN JØRGEN 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Caffeine increases endurance performance, but the physiological mechanisms improving high-intensity endurance capacity are not well characterized.

Purpose
The aims of the present study were to test the hypothesis that caffeine increases maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) and to characterize the physiological mechanisms underpinning improved high-intensity endurance capacity.

Methods
Twenty-three elite endurance-trained male athletes were tested twice with and twice without caffeine (four tests) in a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled study with crossover design. Caffeine (4.5 mg·kg−1) or placebo was consumed 45 min before standardized warm-up. Time to exhaustion during an incremental test (running 10.5° incline, start speed 10.0 km·h−1, and 0.5 km·h−1 increase in speed every 30 s) determined performance. Oxygen uptake was measured continuously to determine V˙O2max and O2 deficit was calculated.

Results
Caffeine increased time to exhaustion from 355 ± 41 to 375 ± 41 s (Δ19.4 ± 16.5 s; P < 0.001). Importantly, caffeine increased V˙O2max from 75.8 ± 5.6 to 76.7 ± 6.0 mL·kg−1·min−1 (Δ 0.9 ± 1.7 mL·kg−1·min−1; P < 0.003). Caffeine increased maximal heart rate (HRpeak) and ventilation (VEpeak). Caffeine increased O2 deficit from 63.1 ± 18.2 to 69.5 ± 17.5 mL·kg−1 (P < 0.02) and blood lactate compared with placebo. The increase in time to exhaustion after caffeine ingestion was reduced to 11.7 s after adjustment for the increase in V˙O2max. Caffeine did not significantly increase V˙O2max after adjustment for VEpeak and HRpeak. Adjustment for O2 deficit and lactate explained 6.2 s of the caffeine-induced increase in time to exhaustion. The increase in V˙O2max, VE, HR, O2 deficit, and lactate explained 63% of the increased performance after caffeine intake.

Conclusion
Caffeine increased V˙O2max in elite athletes, which contributed to improvement in high-intensity endurance performance. Increases in O2 deficit and lactate also contributed to the caffeine-induced improvement in endurance performance.
The CNN Hip Accelerometer Posture (CHAP) Method for Classifying Sitting Patterns from Hip Accelerometers: A Validation Study
Authors: GREENWOOD-HICKMAN MIKAEL ANNE , NAKANDALA SUPUN , JANKOWSKA MARTA M. , ROSENBERG DORI E. , TUZ-ZAHRA FATIMA , BELLETTIERE JOHN , CARLSON JORDAN , HIBBING PAUL R. , ZOU JINGJING , LACROIX ANDREA Z. , KUMAR ARUN , NATARAJAN LOKI 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sitting patterns predict several healthy aging outcomes. These patterns can potentially be measured using hip-worn accelerometers, but current methods are limited by an inability to detect postural transitions. To overcome these limitations, we developed the Convolutional Neural Network Hip Accelerometer Posture (CHAP) classification method.

Methods
CHAP was developed on 709 older adults who wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer on the hip, with ground-truth sit/stand labels derived from concurrently worn thigh-worn activPAL inclinometers for up to 7 d. The CHAP method was compared with traditional cut-point methods of sitting pattern classification as well as a previous machine-learned algorithm (two-level behavior classification).

Results
For minute-level sitting versus nonsitting classification, CHAP performed better (93% agreement with activPAL) than did other methods (74%–83% agreement). CHAP also outperformed other methods in its sensitivity to detecting sit-to-stand transitions: cut-point (73%), TLBC (26%), and CHAP (83%). CHAP’s positive predictive value of capturing sit-to-stand transitions was also superior to other methods: cut-point (30%), TLBC (71%), and CHAP (83%). Day-level sitting pattern metrics, such as mean sitting bout duration, derived from CHAP did not differ significantly from activPAL, whereas other methods did: activPAL (15.4 min of mean sitting bout duration), CHAP (15.7 min), cut-point (9.4 min), and TLBC (49.4 min).

Conclusion
CHAP was the most accurate method for classifying sit-to-stand transitions and sitting patterns from free-living hip-worn accelerometer data in older adults. This promotes enhanced analysis of older adult movement data, resulting in more accurate measures of sitting patterns and opening the door for large-scale cohort studies into the effects of sitting patterns on healthy aging outcomes.
Muscle Contraction Has a Reduced Effect on Increasing Glenohumeral Stability in the Apprehension Position
Authors: NICOLOZAKES CONSTANTINE P. , LUDVIG DANIEL , BAILLARGEON EMMA M. , PERREAULT ERIC J. , SEITZ AMEE L. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Glenohumeral instability accounts for 23% of all shoulder injuries among collegiate athletes. The apprehension position—combined shoulder abduction and external rotation—commonly reproduces symptoms in athletes with instability. Rehabilitation aims to increase glenohumeral stability by strengthening functional positions. However, it is unclear how much glenohumeral stability increases with muscle contraction in the apprehension position. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the ability to increase translational glenohumeral stiffness, a quantitative measure of glenohumeral stability, with muscle contraction is reduced in the apprehension position.

Methods
Seventeen asymptomatic adults participated. A precision-instrumented robotic system applied pseudorandom, anterior–posterior displacements to translate the humeral head within the glenoid fossa and measured the resultant forces as participants produced isometric shoulder torques. Measurements were made in neutral abduction (90° abduction/0° external rotation) and apprehension (90° abduction/90° external rotation) positions. Glenohumeral stiffness was estimated from the relationship between applied displacements and resultant forces. The ability to increase glenohumeral stiffness with increasing torque magnitude was compared between positions.

Results
On average, participants increased glenohumeral stiffness from passive levels by 91% in the neutral abduction position and only 64% in the apprehension position while producing 10% of maximum torque production. The biggest decrease in the ability to modulate glenohumeral stiffness in the apprehension position was observed for torques generated in abduction (49% lower, P < 0.001) and horizontal abduction (25% lower, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that individuals are less able to increase glenohumeral stiffness with muscle contraction in the apprehension position compared with a neutral shoulder position. These results may help explain why individuals with shoulder instability more frequently experience symptoms in the apprehension position compared with neutral shoulder positions.
Das Quartärprofil von Sierentz-Monenberg (Elsass, F) am Südende des Oberrheingrabens
Authors: Wolf Jean-Jacques , Rentzel Philippe , Pümpin Christine 
Published: May 2021

Die Stadt Basel, in der Südostecke der oberrheinischen Tiefebene gelegen, grenzt im Westen an die Ausläufer des Sundgauer Hügellandes, dessen lössbedeckte Anhöhen bedeutende quartärgeologische Archive darstellen. Einzig die geologischen Beobachtungen in Riehen-Gerhalde (CH), einem rechtsrheinischen Aufschluss am Eingang des Wiesentals, lieferten erste Anhaltspunkte zur komplexen Abfolge der Löss-Schichten über den dort anstehenden Hochterrassenschottern.
Mit neuen Profilaufschlüssen bei Sierentz (F), das linksrheinisch nur 10 km nordwestlich von Basel entfernt ist, ergab sich die Möglichkeit, Lössablagerungen über der Hochterrasse, d. h. in vergleichbarer geomorphologischer Situation zu dokumentieren, und so die quartärgeologische Datenbasis für den Raum Basel zu erweitern.
Inferior Vena Cava Syndrome: A Rare Complication
Authors: Teresa Gantes Padrão  , Miguel Casimiro  , Augusto Gaspar  , Anabela Raimundo  
Published: May 2021

Inferior vena cava syndrome is rare and often difficult to diagnose because of its rarity and consequent low suspicion. We describe the case of a 28-year-old female patient with a history of nephroblastoma of the right kidney, stage IV, with a favourable histology with epidural metastasis (D5-D9), diagnosed at 3 years of age. The patient underwent treatment with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient suffered from sudden low back pain worsening over 2 weeks, with progressive inability to walk. The pain radiated to the front of the thighs. Concomitantly, oedema of the lower limbs with cephalocaudal progression was observed. At admission to our institution, the physical examination showed peripheral oedema, abdominal wall venous collaterals, an inability to walk due to low back pain in the supine position, with no neurological deficits. Lumbar MRI showed exuberant epidural venous congestion. The hypothesis of inferior vena cava thrombosis (IVCT) was considered and confirmed by angio-CT. IVCT is prevalent in patients with congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava, occurring in approximately 60–80% of these cases, and most published series on inferior vena cava syndrome refer to thrombotic complications in this subgroup of patients. There are currently no guidelines defined or validated to guide the diagnosis and approach to IVCT. With this case, we would like to draw attention to a rare disease that should be suspected in all patients with inferior vena cava disease, whether resulting from congenital disease or after surgical procedures.
Propofol-Induced Hepatitis
Authors: Hanna Raisi  , Thomas Longerich  , Bernardo Moreira Assuncao  , Sebastian Mueller  , Peter Schirmacher  , Helmut-Karl Seitz  
Published: May 2021

Objectives:To present a rare case of propofol-induced hepatitis. Materials and methods: A 59-year old man was referred to our department because of suspicion of toxic hepatitis after propofol anaesthesia for endoscopic colonoscopy. Results: The patient had jaundice, increased transaminases demonstrating liver necrosis, and liver stiffness of 18 kPa. Liver biopsy revealed bridging necrosis and initial post-collapse fibrosis. Following therapy with steroids and N-acetyl cysteine, the patient was discharged on the seventh day after admission in good general condition. Conclusion: Although propofol is considered safe, it can cause acute hepatitis, the seventh published case of which is reported here. Importantly, treatment with N-acetyl cysteine, a radical scavenger, but especially with steroids resulted in hepatic improvement.
Determinants of Credit in Indonesia's Agricultural Sub-Sector: Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Yuniarti Dini , Yuniarto Arif Sapto 
Published: May 2021

Credit has a role in agricultural development and the income of small farmers which will reduce poverty levels. However, the portion of credit in the agricultural sector is still relatively small. This study aims to examine determinants of credit in the agricultural sub-sector. The factors include credit rating, credit interest rates, Gross Domestic Product and the number of farmers in the agricultural sub-sector. The data used are secondary data, a combination of cross-sectional data including the agricultural sub-sector, namely food crops, horticultural crops, plantations and livestock and seres times including 2011-2019. The analysis tool used is the regression data panel. The study results show that the number of creditors in the agricultural sector is positive and significant by the number of farmers and Gross Domestic Product, while interest does not affect the credit rating of the agricultural sub-sector. Policies that can be taken are to increase the Gross Domestic Product of the agricultural sector to increase the capacity of farmers. In addition, to increase farmers' access to financial institutions, financial education is needed, so that it will increase financial literacy.
Time, Body, Otherness
Authors: Trope Paula De Lima , Lopes Ana Tereza Prado 
Published: May 2021

These elements are recurrent in the artist’s work: Time, as duration, in narrative photographs,films and videos that inscribe time in the image; the Body, as a place of experience and where the feminine emerges with political connotation; the Other, in works that deal with encounters, in the constitution of language derived by the contamination between subject and object of the discourse.Link to the original text: https://www.e-publicacoes.uerj.br/index.php/concinnitas/article/view/55226
Water resource management: IWRM strategies for improved water management. A systematic review of case studies of East, West and Southern Africa
Authors: Dirwai Tinashe Lindel , Kanda Edwin Kimutai , Senzanje Aidan , Busari Toyin Isiaka 
Published: May 2021

Objective
The analytical study systematically reviewed the evidence about the IWRM strategy model. The study analysed the IWRM strategy, policy advances and practical implications it had, since inception on effective water management in East, West and Southern Africa.

Methods
The study adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and the scoping literature review approach. The study searched selected databases for peer-reviewed articles, books, and grey literature. DistillerSR software was used for article screening. A constructionist thematic analysis was employed to extract recurring themes amongst the regions.

Results
The systematic literature review detailed the adoption, policy revisions and emerging policy trends and issues (or considerations) on IWRM in East, West and Southern Africa. Thematic analysis derived four cross-cutting themes that contributed to IWRM strategy implementation and adoption. The identified four themes were donor effect, water scarcity, transboundary water resources, and policy approach. The output further posited questions on the prospects, including whether IWRM has been a success or failure within the African water resource management fraternity.
Racial and ethnic disparities in benefits eligibility and spending among adults on the autism spectrum: A cohort study using the Medicare Medicaid Linked Enrollees Analytic Data Source
Authors: Benevides Teal W. , Carretta Henry J. , Rust George , Shea Lindsay 
Published: May 2021

Background
Research on children and youth on the autism spectrum reveal racial and ethnic disparities in access to healthcare and utilization, but there is less research to understand how disparities persist as autistic adults age. We need to understand racial-ethnic inequities in obtaining eligibility for Medicare and/or Medicaid coverage, as well as inequities in spending for autistic enrollees under these public programs.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study of U.S. publicly-insured adults on the autism spectrum using 2012 Medicare-Medicaid Linked Enrollee Analytic Data Source (n = 172,071). We evaluated differences in race-ethnicity by eligibility (Medicare-only, Medicaid-only, Dual-Eligible) and spending.

Findings
The majority of white adults (49.87%) were full-dual eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid. In contrast, only 37.53% of Black, 34.65% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 35.94% of Hispanic beneficiaries were full-dual eligible for Medicare and Medicare, with most only eligible for state-funded Medicaid. Adjusted logistic models controlling for gender, intellectual disability status, costly chronic condition, rural status, county median income, and geographic region of residence revealed that Black beneficiaries were significantly less likely than white beneficiaries to be dual-eligible across all ages. Across these three beneficiary types, total spending exceeded $10 billion. Annual total expenditures median expenditures for full-dual and Medicaid-only eligible beneficiaries were higher among white beneficiaries as compared with Black beneficiaries.

Conclusions
Public health insurance in the U.S. including Medicare and Medicaid aim to reduce inequities in access to healthcare that might exist due to disability, income, or old age. In contrast to these ideals, our study reveals that racial-ethnic minority autistic adults who were eligible for public insurance across all U.S. states in 2012 experience disparities in eligibility for specific programs and spending. We call for further evaluation of system supports that promote clear pathways to disability and public health insurance among those with lifelong developmental disabilities.
Asymptotic solution of the Cauchy problem for the singularly perturbed partial integro-differential equation with rapidly oscillating coefficients and with rapidly oscillating heterogeneity
Authors: Kalimbetov Burkhan T. , Tuychiev Olim D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the regularization method of S. A. Lomov is generalized to integro-differential equations with rapidly oscillating coefficients and with a rapidly oscillating right-hand side. The main goal of the work is to reveal the influence of the oscillating components on the structure of the asymptotics of the solution of this problem. The case of coincidence of the frequencies of a rapidly oscillating coefficient and a rapidly oscillating inhomogeneity is considered. In this case, only the identical resonance is observed in the problem. Other cases of the relationship between frequencies can lead to so-called non-identical resonances, the study of which is nontrivial and requires the development of a new approach. It is supposed to study these cases in our further work.
Formação de professores alfabetizadores:reverberações do saber no fazer
Authors: Dos Santos Jânio Nunes , Dos Santos Adriana Cavalcanti , Romão Eliana Sampaio 
Published: May 2021

Este artigo define por objetivo analisar as reverberações do Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (Pnaic), nos discursos de professoras alfabetizadoras, no que se refere aos seus saberes e fazeres da/na prática docente a partir do trabalho com gêneros textuais no processo de alfabetização. A pesquisa de natureza qualitativa foi desenvolvida por meio do método narrativo, cujo corpus de análise se constituiu por entrevistas narrativas. Os resultados revelam que as professoras alfabetizadoras participantes apresentam saberes teóricos e práticos acerca de alfabetização, letramento e gêneros textuais relacionadas à formação no Pnaic, embora os saberes da prática se sobressaiam em relação aos saberes teóricos, configurando “novos” entendimentos e novas ressignificações em práticas de alfabetização.