bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of collaboration and contextual factors in the development and implementation of social participation initiatives for older adults living in rural areas
Authors: Levasseur Mélanie , Routhier Sonia , Demers Karine , Lacerte Julie , Clapperton Irma , Doré Chantal , Gallagher Frances 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo encourage isolated and vulnerable older adults to accomplish meaningful social activities, occupational therapists and other healthcare workers must collaborate with community organisations and municipalities to develop and implement initiatives fostering social participation. In a rural Regional County Municipality in Quebec (Canada), four social participation initiatives were selected and implemented: (1) Benevolent Community, (2) urban transportation system, (3) creation of a website on social participation activities, and (4) social participation workshop. Little is known about contextual factors such as the structures and organisations, stakeholders, and physical environment that influence the development and implementation of such initiatives.MethodsLed by an academic occupational therapist, an action research to implement social participation initiatives was initiated by community stakeholders. The 26 stakeholders were involved in a Management and Partnership Committee, two focus groups and an interview with a trainer, which documented and analysed contextual factors and the implementation process.Findings and discussionDevelopment and implementation were facilitated by stakeholder collaboration, mission of the community organisations, and stakeholders' shared desire to reduce older adults' isolation and vulnerability. The established partnerships and predefined orientations as well as the leadership, motivation, and professional skills of the stakeholders also fostered the initiatives. Among the challenges encountered, the stakeholders' limited involvement in implementation tasks was attributable to important changes in the key stakeholders' organisations and structures and the number of organisations involved. Difficulty reaching a consensus resulting from the different attitudes, vision, and understanding of the stakeholders delayed the development and implementation of some initiatives. Despite regular meetings between stakeholders, geographic distance limited spontaneous exchanges.ConclusionThis action research highlighted the importance of collaboration and contextual factors in developing and implementing social participation initiatives with community organisations and municipalities.
Linking soil bacterial diversity to satellite‐derived vegetation productivity: a case study in arid and semi‐arid desert areas
Authors: Liu Jie , Wang Changkun , Guo Zhiying , Liu Ya , Pan Kai , Xu Aiai , Zhang Fangfang , Pan Xianzhang 
Published: July 2021

SummaryIncreasing studies have begun to focus on biodiversity–productivity relationships for soil microorganisms through molecular ecology methods. However, most of these studies involve controlled experiments, and whether the relationship remains at large spatial scales is still largely unknown. To unravel this issue, archived desert soils from long‐term experiments were analysed using high‐throughput sequencing, and satellite‐derived vegetation datasets were acquired to quantify productivity. Most of the abundant genera were significantly different between low‐ and high‐productivity conditions, and soil bacterial communities were strongly impacted by productivity. Soil bacterial biodiversity, including observed operational taxonomic units and the Chao1, Shannon, and Faith's PD indexes, increased rapidly with productivity at low levels and then reached a relatively stable state, and similar phenomena were observed at multiple taxonomic ranks and for most of the dominant groups. Furthermore, we discovered that the mechanisms resulting in the observed relationship might be ecosystem resource availability in large‐scale regions and species competition in local regions. Collectively, these results enhance our understanding of the linkage between belowground microorganisms and aboveground vegetation in arid and semi‐arid areas and confirm the potential value of satellite‐derived datasets in research on soil microbial diversity at large spatial scales.
A cognitive approach to spelling production in historical sources: explaining the variation between <ɛ, αι> and <ο, ω> in Greek documentary papyri
Authors: Stolk Joanne Vera 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Greek documentary papyri (300 bce – 700 ce) provide an interesting corpus for linguistic study due to the large amount of linguistic variation. Variation in spelling is traditionally used as evidence for phonological changes in the post‐Classical Greek language. The interchange of graphemes, however, does not only depend on the pronunciation of the corresponding phoneme. In this paper I examine the cognitive processes behind the production of non‐standard Greek orthography in more detail by applying an interactive dual‐route model for spelling. If two graphemes are pronounced identically in the spoken language, the final choice between one grapheme or the other is likely to be based on cognitive and social aspects, such as the general frequency and probability of spelling patterns in the language, previous exposure of the writer to other lexemes and morphemes in the language and local scribal conventions, to name just a few factors. On the basis of examples of the frequent interchanges of <e, ai> and <o, ō>, I show how these other factors can contribute to a better interpretation of spelling production in documentary papyri.
Application of viewshed analysis and probability mapping for search area determination based on the Moors murders on Saddleworth Moor, the United Kingdom
Authors: Lockwood Eleanor , Masters Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGeographical Information System (GIS) is underutilized within the forensic discipline, especially concerning the discovery of clandestine graves. GIS, viewshed analysis, and probability maps are being introduced into desk‐based research both for archaeology and forensic purposes. This study aims to investigate how useful GIS can be to narrow down large search areas when locating clandestine graves. Combining GIS, viewshed analysis, and probability maps allows for the exploration of potential areas of concealment and diggability on Saddleworth Moor to find the remaining missing Moors victim, Keith Bennett. Methods included viewshed analysis consisting of what is visible and not visible from a certain location while the probability map registers the likelihood of penetrability across the Moors landscape. Using two GIS software programs, QGIS and ArcGIS Pro, maps were constructed examining the A635 on Saddleworth Moor and the potential location of Keith Bennett. This takes into consideration the geology, terrain, water networks, and road systems. Analysis of the GIS maps demonstrated that two possible areas were likely to be able to conceal Keith Bennett's body. It then aids to identify areas for further investigation. This study also indicates that GIS data analysis has the potential to aid in criminal and civil investigations and helps narrow down search areas to manageable sizes. Not only does it aid in cold case criminal investigations but it can also be utilized within everyday desk‐based research on recent investigations.
Construction of an in‐house allelic ladder for Canine Genotypes™ Panel 2.1 Kit
Authors: Lee Minji , Hwang In Kwan , Jung Ju Yeon , Kim Joo‐Young , Chang Miwha , Moon Seohyun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are among the most common companion animals in the Republic of Korea. Recently, there have been many criminal cases of dog cruelty, injury, and theft, among others. This has increased the importance of dog‐related biological evidence at crime scenes. The National Forensic Service of the Republic of Korea conducts short tandem repeat (STR) analysis using the Thermo Scientific Canine Genotypes™ Panel 2.1 Kit (Canine Kit) to identify individual dogs through forensic analysis. The Canine Kit was developed as a forensic STR kit for the identification of individual dogs. However, an allelic ladder was neither developed nor included in the commercial kit, leaving an issue of accurate genotyping. Primer details for the 18 markers used in the Canine Kit are proprietary information, and thus, unavailable to end‐users. In this study, an allelic ladder was constructed with 160 fragments by combining 158 fragments of STR alleles obtained by nested PCR and two fragments artificially obtained from the sex‐determination marker. By including the new allelic ladder in analysis of samples amplified with the Canine Kit, the accuracy and reliability of data analysis were improved. Application of this allelic ladder would be helpful for interlaboratory data sharing and standardization of canine genotype databases.
Risk factors for mortality in critically ill infants with acute kidney injury: A resource‐limited setting experience
Authors: Mishra Om P. , Verma Avdhesh Kumar , Abhinay Abhishek , Singh Akanksha , Singh Ankur , Prasad Rajniti 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTInfants with acute kidney injury (AKI) who are critically ill often will have multiorgan dysfunctions. Objective of the present study was to find out mortality, recovery of kidney function at discharge and at 3 months, and to determine risk factors for mortality. Fifty‐two infants (24 newborns and 28 postneonatal) with AKI were included. Staging was done as per Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes classification. Patients were subjected to medical treatment and peritoneal dialysis (PD), wherever indicated. Kidney function tests were performed at admission, discharge, and at 3 months follow‐up. Median age of neonates was 8 days and postneonatal infants were 4.5 months. Stage 1, 2, and 3 AKI were present in 14 (26.9%), 16 (30.7%), and 22 (42.3%) cases, respectively. PD was required in 22 (42.3%) infants, and significantly higher in postneonatal than in neonates (57.1% vs. 25%, p < 0.05). Significant recovery of kidney function occurred at discharge and cases had normal parameters at 3 months. Mortality was 17.3%. Patients had significantly higher risk of mortality, if they had metabolic acidosis (OR 13.22, CI 2.33–74.94, p = 0.002) and needed ventilation (OR 14.93, 95% CI 1.7–130.97, p = 0.006) and PD (OR 6.53, 95% CI 1.20–35.48, p = 0.026). In logistic regression analysis, fluid overload (p < 001), hypotension (p < 0.01), and higher PRISM‐III score (p < 0.05) were found as significant risk factors for mortality. Medical management including PD led to good recovery of kidney function. Presence of fluid overload, hypotension, and higher PRISM‐III score adversely affected the outcome.
Objects Don't Have Desires: Toward an Anthropology of Technology beyond Anthropomorphism
Authors: Hornborg Alf 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT“Postdualist” approaches, such as the material turn in the humanities and social sciences, represent understandable reactions to the humanist and idealist traditions in Western thought, but tend to be deluded by a focus on individual artifacts rather than on the global, material relations on which their existence depends. The attribution of agency and even desires to abiotic objects, championed by posthumanist researchers such as Bruno Latour and Donna Haraway, is cognate to the category mistakes recurrently identified by social theorists as fetishism and anthropomorphism. Paradoxically, given their subversive ambitions, proponents of the new concern with materiality and artifactual agency are offering an ideology that ultimately buttresses the capitalist world order by ignoring the materiality of world trade and the causality inherent in the artifact of money. The concerns with distributed agency also tend to displace responsibility and accountability from humans to artifacts. Moreover, in converging with a deep genealogy of ideas that blur the boundary between nature and artifice, the material turn depoliticizes technology by naturalizing it. The article proposes a new anthropology of technology that acknowledges the reliance of modern technology on asymmetric global resource flows orchestrated by money and the fictive reciprocity of market prices. [material turn, posthumanism, fetishism, technology, postdualism]
Retrospective observational study of neonatal attendances to a children's emergency department
Authors: Blakey Sarah J. , Lyttle Mark D. , Magnus Dan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimAttendances to emergency departments (EDs) in the UK are increasing, particularly for younger children. Community services are under increasing pressure and parents may preferentially bring their babies to the ED, even for non‐urgent problems. This study aimed to characterise the presenting features, management and disposition of neonatal attendances to a children's ED (CED).MethodsRetrospective observational review of neonatal attendances (≤28 days) to the CED at Bristol Royal Hospital for Children (BRHC) from 01/01/2016 to 31/12/2016. Further information was obtained from investigation results and discharge summaries. Data abstracted included sex, age, referral method, presenting complaint, diagnosis, investigations and treatments.ResultsNeonatal attendances increased from 655 to 1,205 from 2008 to 2016. The most common presenting complaints were breathing difficulty (18.1%) and vomiting (8.3%). The most common diagnoses were ‘no significant medical problem’ (41.9%) and bronchiolitis (10.5%). Half of neonatal attendances to the CED had no investigations performed and most (77.7%) needed advice or observation only.ConclusionMany neonates presenting to the CED were well and discharged with observation only. This suggests potential for improving community management and in supporting new parents. Drivers of health policy should consider developing enhanced models of out of hospital care which are acceptable to clinicians and families.
The pharmacokinetic properties of artemether and lumefantrine in Malaysian patients with Plasmodium knowlesi malaria
Authors: Sugiarto Sri Riyati , Singh Balbir , Page‐Sharp Madhu , Davis Wendy A. , Salman Sam , Hii King Ching , Davis Timothy M. E. 
Published: July 2021

AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic properties of artemether, lumefantrine and their active metabolites in Plasmodium knowlesi malaria.MethodsMalaysian adults presenting with uncomplicated P. knowlesi infections received six doses of artemether (1.7 mg/kg) plus lumefantrine (10 mg/kg) over 3 days. Venous blood and dried blood spot (DBS) samples were taken at predetermined time‐points over 28 days. Plasma and DBS artemether, dihydroartemisinin, lumefantrine and desbutyl‐lumefantrine were measured using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Multi‐compartmental population pharmacokinetic models were developed using plasma with or without DBS drug concentrations.ResultsForty‐one participants (mean age 45 years, 66% males) were recruited. Artemether‐lumefantrine treatment was well tolerated and parasite clearance was prompt. Plasma and DBS lumefantrine concentrations were in close agreement and were used together in pharmacokinetic modelling, but only plasma concentrations of the other analytes were used because of poor correlation with DBS levels. The areas under the concentration–time curve (AUC0–∞) for artemether, dihydroartemisinin and lumefantrine (medians 1626, 1881 and 625 098 μg.h/L, respectively) were similar to those reported in previous pharmacokinetic studies in adults and children. There was evidence of auto‐induction of artemether metabolism (mean increase in clearance relative to bioavailability 25.2% for each subsequent dose). The lumefantrine terminal elimination half‐life (median 9.5 days) was longer than reported in healthy volunteers and adults with falciparum malaria.ConclusionThe disposition of artemether, dihydroartemisinin and lumefantrine in knowlesi malaria largely parallels that in other human malarias. DBS lumefantrine concentrations can be used in pharmacokinetic studies but DBS technology is currently unreliable for the other analytes.
Virtue and virtuousness in organizations: Guidelines for ascribing individual and organizational moral responsibility
Authors: Constantinescu Mihaela , Kaptein Muel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article advances research on moral responsibility in organizations by drawing on both philosophical virtue ethics grounded in the Aristotelian tradition and Positive Organizational Scholarship research concerned with virtuousness. The article discusses the very conditions that make possible the realization of virtues and virtuousness, respectively. These conditions ground notions of moral responsibility and the resulting praise or blame on organizational contexts. Thus, we analyze the way individuals and organizations may be ascribed interconnected degrees of retrospective moral responsibility and blame as depending on the interplay between the individual conditions leading to virtue and the organizational conditions leading to virtuousness. Based on this analysis, we develop a two‐level account of moral responsibility in organizations that connects individual and organizational moral responsibility through the concepts of virtue and virtuousness. This is further operationalized into practical guidelines to ascribe degrees of individual and organizational blame, which can be used as a tool by managers, policymakers, or industry regulators.
RNA‐sequencing highlights differential regulated pathways involved in cell cycle and inflammation in orbitofacial neurofibromas
Authors: Imada Eddie Luidy , Strianese Diego , Edward Deepak P. , alThaqib Rawan , Price Antionette , Arnold Antje , Al‐Hussain Hailah , Marchionni Luigi , Rodriguez Fausto J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough most commonly benign, neurofibromas (NFs) can have devastating functional and cosmetic effects in addition to the possibility of malignant transformation. Orbitofacial NFs, in particular, may cause progressive, disfiguring tumors of the lid, brow, temple, face, and orbit, and clinical evidence suggests that they may have increased local aggressiveness compared to NFs developing at other sites. The purpose of this study was to identify biological differences between orbitofacial NFs and those occurring at other anatomic sites. We performed RNA‐sequencing in orbitofacial (n = 10) and non‐orbitofacial (n = 9) NFs. Differential gene expression analysis demonstrated that a variety of gene sets including genes involved in cell proliferation, interferon, and immune‐related pathways were enriched in orbitofacial NF. Comparisons with publicly available databases of various Schwann cell tumors and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) revealed a significant overlap of differentially expressed genes between orbitofacial versus non‐orbitofacial NF and plexiform NF versus MPNST. In summary, we identified gene expression differences between orbitofacial NF and NFs occurring at other locations. Further investigation may be warranted, given that orbitofacial NF are notoriously difficult to treat and associated with disproportionate morbidity.
Anti‐GQ1b antibody: Recent topics
Authors: Uchibori Ayumi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStudies on antibodies against glycolipids, mainly gangliosides, have advanced the understanding of the pathophysiology of Guillain–Barré syndrome. Glycolipid antibody research began with the study of isolated ganglioside antigens, and further expanded that area with the discovery of antibodies against complex antigens of two glycolipids. In Fisher syndrome‐related disorders, immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti‐GQ1b antibody is detected at a high rate, but 10–30% of the cases are antibody‐negative. Recently, an antibody that requires Ca2+ to react with ganglioside GQ1b (Ca2+‐dependent GQ1b antibody) was discovered in the antibody‐negative cases. Ca2+ interacts with the disialosyl group (NeuAc[α2‐8]NeuAc[α2‐])of GQ1b, and the antibody is thought to recognize the structure to which Ca2+ is bound. Anti‐GQ1b antibody is considered to be more involved in Fisher syndrome‐related disorders than was previously shown.
What predicts mothers' use of spanking in the first 6 years of early childhood? A latent growth curve analysis
Authors: Chung Gerard , Lanier Paul , Chen Ding‐Geng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractParents' use of spanking with infants and toddlers is of concern because this early onset of spanking may escalate over early childhood heightening the risk for child abuse. This study has two goals. First, using latent growth modelling, we examined the changes in parents' use of spanking across 6 years starting from infancy. Second, we identified predictors that can explain differences in parents' use of spanking. We analysed longitudinal data using a sample of 397 low‐income ethnic minority mothers (mean age = 24.53 years; 66% single) with infants/toddlers. Results showed that 40% of mothers endorsed spanking their infants and toddlers. Higher use of spanking was associated with younger mothers, African American mothers, and married/cohabiting mothers. The use of spanking was also found to increase across the first 6 years of childhood with steeper increase found among mothers with higher parental stress or with boys. Depressive symptoms were associated with higher spanking use at age 3. Given the high use of spanking and its trajectory of increase during early childhood, spanking at a young age could be a marker for elevated risk of maltreatment. Practice implications include expanding early childhood services to support parenting and to assess the psychological well‐being of mothers.
RNA‐binding protein ELAVL2 plays post‐transcriptional roles in the regulation of spermatogonia proliferation and apoptosis
Authors: Yang Chao , Yao Chencheng , Ji Zhiyong , Zhao Liangyu , Chen Huixing , Li Peng , Tian Ruhui , Zhi Erlei , Huang Yuhua , Han Xia , Hong Yan , Zhou Zhi , Li Zheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesRNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) play essential post‐transcriptional roles in regulating spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) maintenance and differentiation. We identified a conserved and SSCs‐enriched RBP ELAVL2 from our single‐cell sequencing data, but its function and mechanism in SSCs were unclear.Materials and methodsExpressions of ELAVL2 during human and mouse testis development were validated. Stable C18‐4 and TCam‐2 cell lines with overexpression and knockdown of ELAVL2 were established, which were applied to proliferation and apoptosis analysis. RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing were used to identify ELAVL2 targets, and regulatory functions of ELAVL2 on target mRNAs were studied. Proteins interacting with ELAVL2 in human and mouse testes were identified using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometric, which were validated by in vivo and in vitro experiments.ResultsELAVL2 was testis‐enriched and preferentially expressed in human and mouse SSCs. ELAVL2 was down‐regulated in NOA patients. ELAVL2 promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of C18‐4 and TCam‐2 cell lines via activating ERK and AKT pathways. ELAVL2 associated with mRNAs encoding essential regulators of SSCs proliferation and survival, and promoted their protein expression at post‐transcriptional level. ELAVL2 interacted with DAZL in vivo and in vitro in both human and mouse testes.ConclusionsTaken together, these results indicate that ELAVL2 is a conserved SSCs‐enriched RBP that down‐regulated in NOA, which regulates spermatogonia proliferation and apoptosis by promoting protein expression of targets.