bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discriminating Between Premigration and Postmigration HIV Acquisition Using Surveillance Data
Authors: Pantazis Nikos , Rosinska Magdalena , van Sighem Ard , Quinten Chantal , Noori Teymur , Burns Fiona , Cortes Martins Helena , Kirwan Peter D. , O'Donnell Kate , Paraskevis Dimitrios , Sommen Cécile , Zenner Dominik , Pharris Anastasia 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Migrant populations are overrepresented among persons diagnosed with HIV in the European Union and the European Economic Area. Understanding the timing of HIV acquisition (premigration or postmigration) is crucial for developing public health interventions and for producing reliable estimates of HIV incidence and the number of people living with undiagnosed HIV infection. We summarize a recently proposed method for determining the timing of HIV acquisition and apply it to both real and simulated data.

Methods:
The considered method combines estimates from a mixed model, applied to data from a large seroconverters' cohort, with biomarker measurements and individual characteristics to derive probabilities of premigration HIV acquisition within a Bayesian framework. The method is applied to a subset of data from the European Surveillance System (TESSy) and simulated data.

Findings:
Simulation study results showed good performance with the probabilities of correctly classifying a premigration case or a postmigration case being 87.4% and 80.4%, respectively. Applying the method to TESSy data, we estimated the proportions of migrants who acquired HIV in the destination country were 31.9%, 37.1%, 45.3%, and 45.2% for those originating from Africa, Europe, Asia, and other regions, respectively.

Conclusions:
Although the considered method was initially developed for cases with multiple biomarkers' measurements, its performance, when applied to data where only one CD4 count per individual is available, remains satisfactory. Application of the method to TESSy data, estimated that a substantial proportion of HIV acquisition among migrants occurs in destination countries, having important implications for public health policy and programs.
A Single Superior Gluteal Artery Perforator Flap in Reconstruction of Large Midline Sacral Defects
Authors: Acartürk Tahsin Oğuz , Seyhan Tamer , Bengür Fuat Bariş , Erbaş Vasil Ercüment 
Published: June 2021

Background
Large midline sacral defects are reconstructive challenges. Superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP) flap provides enough tissue and versatility to cover large defects; however, a single flap may be insufficient. We present a technique to cover large defects using single SGAP flaps.

Methods
Large sacral defects (>100 cm2) reconstructed with single SGAP flaps were included. Angle of transposition (45°–60°) was determined based on the tissue laxity and mobility of gluteal area. Perforator identification, intramuscular dissection, or skeletonization was not performed. Outcomes were measured as achieving durable reconstruction, flap viability, and complications.

Results
There were 17 patients (12 male, 5 females; aged 25–72 years) with different etiologies. The mean flap surface area (136.1 ± 45.6 cm2, between 9 × 8 and 26 × 10 cm) was smaller than the mean defect surface area (211.1 ± 87.2 cm2, between 10 × 10 and 28 × 14 cm) (P < 0.001). All flaps survived with no partial or complete flap loss. Minor dehiscence in 4 patients (2 at donor site and 2 at recipient site) healed with dressing changes or using negative-pressure vacuum therapy. All patients had durable outcomes without any recurrence.

Conclusion
Single unilateral SGAP flaps can be used to completely cover midline large sacral defects. It is important to design the flaps to have a joint side with the defect in the proximal part and use the intrinsic mobility of gluteal soft tissues for the closure. Flaps can be (1) planned to be smaller than the defects, (2) harvested with no intramuscular perforator dissection or pedicle skeletonization, and (3) transposed with an angle less than 60°.
Ligand Induced Conformational and Dynamical Changes in a GT-B Glycosyltransferase: Molecular Dynamic Simulations of Heptosyltransferase I Apo, Binary and Ternary Complexes
Authors: Hassan Bakar A. , Milicaj Jozafina , Sham Yuk Y. , Taylor Erika A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamical motions and ligand recognition motifs of specific glycosyltransferase enzymes, like Heptosyltransferase I (HepI), is critical to discerning the behavior of other carbohydrate binding enzymes. Prior studies in our lab demonstrated that glycosyltransferases in the GT-B structural class, which are characterized by their connection of two Rossman-like domains by a linker region, have conservation of both structure and dynamical motions, despite low sequence conservation, therefore making discoveries found in HepI transferable to other GT-B enzymes. Through a series of 100 nanosecond Molecular Dynamics simulations of HepI in apo enzyme state, and also in the binary and ternary complexes with the native substrates/products. Ligand free energy analysis allowed determination of an anticipated enzymatic path for ligand binding and release. Principle component, dynamic cross correlation and network analyses of the simulation trajectories revealed that there are not only correlated motions between the N- and C-termini, but also that residues within the N-terminal domain communicate via a path that includes substrate proximal residues of the C-terminal domain. Analysis of structural changes, energetics of substrate/products binding and changes in pKa have elucidated a variety of inter- and intradomain interactions that are critical for catalysis. These data corroborate and allow visualization of previous experimental observations of protein conformational changes of HepI. This study has provided valuable insights into the regions involved in HepI conformational rearrangement upon ligand binding, and are likely to enhance efforts to develop new dynamics disrupting enzyme inhibitors for GT-B structural enzymes in the future.
NSun2 deficiency promotes tau hyperphosphorylation and neurodegeneration through epitranscriptomic regulation of miR-125b
Authors: Kim Yoon A. , Blaze Jennifer , Winters Tristan , Kumar Atul , Tein Ellen , Sproul Andrew A. , Teich Andrew F. , Bartolini Francesca , Akbarian Schahram , Hargus Gunnar , Santa-Maria Ismael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOverproduction or suppression of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains promote alterations in tau proteostasis and neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms governing how specific miRNAs are dysregulated in AD brains are still under investigation. Epitranscriptomic regulation adds a layer of post-transcriptional control to brain function during development and adulthood. NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2 (NSun2) is one of the few known brain-enriched methyltransferases able to modify mammalian non-coding RNAs and loss of function autosomal-recessive mutations in NSUN2 have been associated with neurological abnormalities in humans. Here, we provide evidence that NSun2 is expressed in adult human neurons in the hippocampal formation and prefrontal cortex. When we evaluated NSun2 protein expression in post-mortem brain tissue from AD patients we find is dysregulated which was also found in mice and human cellular AD models. To probe these observed alterations were unique to AD we further evaluated brain tissue from other tauopathies, observing NSun2 protein levels were similar between cases and controls. In a well-established Drosophila melanogaster model of tau-induced toxicity we investigated the pathological role of NSun2 observing that reduction of NSun2 protein levels exacerbated tau toxicity, while overexpression of NSun2 partially abrogated the toxic effects. We further show using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived neuronal cultures that NSun2 deficiency results in tau hyperphosphorylation and we found in primary hippocampal neuronal cultures NSun2 levels decrease in response to amyloid-beta oligomers (AβO). Furthermore, in mice, we observed that NSun2 deficiency promotes aberrant levels of m6A methylated miR-125b and tau hyperphosphorylation. Altogether, our study supports that neuronal NSun2 deficiency in AD promotes neurodegeneration by altering tau phosphorylation and tau toxicity through an epitranscriptomic regulatory mechanism and highlights a novel avenue for therapeutic targeting.
Cellular heterogeneity and MTH1 play key roles in galactose mediated signaling of the GAL switch to utilize the disaccharide melibiose
Authors: Kar Rajesh Kumar , Bhat Paike Jayadeva 
Published: June 2021

AbstractYeast metabolizes the disaccharide melibiose by hydrolyzing it into equimolar concentrations of glucose and galactose by MEL1-encoded α-galactosidase. Galactose metabolizing genes (including MEL1) are induced by galactose and repressed by glucose, which are the products of melibiose hydrolysis. Therefore, how melibiose catabolization and utilization take place by circumventing the glucose repression is an enigma. Other than the galactose metabolizing genes MTH1, a negative regulator of glucose signal pathway has Gal4p binding sites and is induced by galactose and repressed by high glucose concentration. But, at low or no glucose MTH1 along with its paralogue STD1 represses hexose transporters, that are involved in glucose transport. This sort of tuning of glucose and galactose regulation motivated us to delineate the role of MTH1 as a regulator of MEL1 expression and melibiose utilization. The deletion mutant of MTH1 shows growth defect on melibiose and this growth defect is enhanced upon the deletion of both MTH1 and its paralogue STD1. Microscopy and flowcytometry analysis, suggest, that even though MEL1 and GAL1 promoter are under Gal4p and Gal80p regulation, upon deletion of MTH1 it hampers only MEL1 expression, but not the GAL1 gene expression. By using 2-Deoxy galactose toxicity assay, we observed phenotypic heterogeneity in cells grown on melibiose i.e. after cleaving of melibiose a fraction of cell population utilizes glucose and another fraction utilizes galactose and coexist together. Understanding GAL/MEL gene expression patterns in melibiose will have great implication to understand various other complex sugar utilizations, tunable gene expressions and complex feedback gene regulations.SignificanceSugar metabolism is an important phenomenon to understand the regulation of gene expression. Glucose is the most preferred carbon source. Yeast follows glycolytic pathways like cancer cells for metabolism of sugars and understanding this will throw more light to the metabolism of cancer cells. In this communication we observed cell-to-cell heterogeneity in yeast cells playing a key role in metabolism of a complex disaccharide melibiose, which gets cleaved into glucose and galactose by α-galactosidase. Glucose represses α-galactosidase and galactose induces it. Because of the heterogeneous population of cells one fraction consumes glucose liberated by melibiose hydrolysis, therefore it is not sufficient to repress α-galactosidase and other GAL genes. Therefore, GAL genes are expressed and help in metabolizing melibiose and galactose.
Mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic in India: an in-depth exploration of challenges and opportunities for three vulnerable population groups
Authors: Thomas Joe , de Wit Emma Emily , Radhakrishnan R.K. , Kulkarni Nupur , Bunders-Aelen Joske G.F. 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic is certain to have an unprecedented impact on the global population, but marginalized and vulnerable groups in low-income countries (LICs) are predicted to carry the largest burden. This study focuses on the implications of COVID-19-related measures on three population groups in India, including (1) migrant laborers (of which a majority come from Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs), as well as Other Backward Classes (OBCs)), (2) children from low-income families and, (3) refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs).Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a sequential mixed-method research design. A desk-based study of a selection of government reports was undertaken on the COVID-19-related mitigation measures. The desk study was followed by in-depth interviews with purposively recruited high-ranking experts in specific sectors of policy implementation and service delivery across the country.FindingsThe outcomes of this study shed light on (1) the most urgent needs that need to be addressed per population group, (2) the variety of state-level responses as well as best practices observed to deal with mitigation issues and (3) opportunities for quick relief as well as more long-term solutions.Practical implicationsThe COVID-19 pandemic has not only reduced people's means of maintaining a livelihood but has simultaneously revealed some of India's long-standing problems with infrastructure and resource distribution in a range of sectors, including nutrition and health, education, etc. There is an urgent need to construct effective pathways to trace and respond to those people who are desolate, and to learn from – and support – good practices at the grassroot level.Originality/valueThe current study contributes to the discussion on how inclusive public health might be reached.
A study of similar question retrieval method in online health communities
Authors: Xing Bufei , Yin Haonan , Yan Zhijun , Wang Jiachen 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a new approach to retrieve similar questions in online health communities to improve the efficiency of health information retrieval and sharing.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes a hybrid approach to combining domain knowledge similarity and topic similarity to retrieve similar questions in online health communities. The domain knowledge similarity can evaluate the domain distance between different questions. And the topic similarity measures questions’ relationship base on the extracted latent topics.

Findings
The experiment results show that the proposed method outperforms the baseline methods.

Originality/value
This method conquers the problem of word mismatch and considers the named entities included in questions, which most of existing studies did not.
Research on the fit raglan sleeve based on the armhole depth and the connection point between body and sleeve
Authors: Jing Zhang , Hua Zhao Mei 
Published: June 2021

PurposeBy controlling the value of influencing factors of raglan sleeves, the authors can balance the comfort and aesthetics of raglan sleeves and get the best parameter value.Design/methodology/approachUnder the condition that the slope of sleeve midline is 45 and the height of sleeve mountain is 15.00 cm, different armhole depth and connection point between the body and the sleeve are combined, and the influence of these two on the comfort and aesthetics of clothing is studied by CLO software.FindingsThe relationship between sleeve fat (Y), armhole depth drop (X1) and the distance (X2) between the connection point between the body and the sleeve and the center line is Y = 12.985 + 1.240·X1 + 0.895·X2. When the armhole drop is 5.00 cm and the connection point is 1 cm closer to the center line, the comfort and aesthetics can be better balanced.Originality/valueThese data can provide reference for future research on raglan sleeves.
Textile supply chain management considering carbon emissions and apparel demand fuzziness: a fuzzy mathematical programming approach
Authors: Ghasemy Yaghin R. , Sarlak P. 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis paper studies the textile supply chain tactical planning under demand fuzziness through considering environmentally friendly and social responsibility. Hence, carbon emission in textile production and transportation is considered along with supply chain profitability.Design/methodology/approachThe authors present a fuzzy multi-objective mathematical optimization model with credibilistic chance constraints to determine the fabric procurement quantities and production plan under uncertainty. The solution procedure makes use of credibility measure and fuzzy aggregation operator to attain compromise solutions.FindingsA trade-off among carbon emissions, social performance and supply chain total profit is conducted. The analyses indicate the importance of transportation costs and carbon emission while determining the supply chain's tactical plan.Originality/valueThe textile supply chain's social sustainability alongside carbon emissions of textile operations is contemplated to provide apparel production and distribution logistics planning under uncertainty. In doing so, the authors propose a hybrid credibility-possibility mathematical optimization model to determine a compromise solution for textile managers.
Relationship between housing finance institutional contexts and financial contexts to housing ownership by low-income earners in Bauchi LGA, Nigeria
Authors: Gambo Moses Jonathan , Kunya Sani Usman , Ishiyaku Bala , Ashen Musa Jacob , Dzasu Wilfred Emmanuel 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between housing finance institutional related variables and financial related variables of low-income earners in Bauchi Local Government Area, Bauchi, Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, quantitative research approach was adopted. Self-administered structured questionnaires were used to collect information from 500 primary school teachers in Bauchi Local Government Area, Bauchi, Nigeria. A correlation analysis was carried out to find the relationship between housing finance institutional contexts and finance contexts to low-income earners in the study area using SPSS Version 23 software.

Findings
The findings shows that the low-income earners were more concerned with the accessibility and affordability on housing ownership, and it also showed that performance and effectiveness of the housing finance institutions were of paramount importance to housing ownership for the low-income earners in the study area.

Practical implications
The finance institutions are the prime consumer of these research findings. The participants in the finance institutions are going to benefit from the low-income earners’ housing ownership development.

Originality/value
The paper also emphasized that the finance institutions should make the housing finance loan accessible and affordable to the low-income earners to meet their dream to sustainable housing ownership.
Influencing factors of digital transformation: management or IT is the driving force?
Authors: Ko Andrea , Fehér Péter , Kovacs Tibor , Mitev Ariel , Szabó Zoltán 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This research aims to discuss the success of digital transformation focusing on the role of IT and management commitment in digitalization together with sectorial relevance as influencing factors. According to the literature, these dimensions are key elements of digitalization, and there is no consensus on their decisiveness. The authors measure the success of digital transformation with the digital innovation. The research is part of ongoing work, in which the IT-related practice of Hungarian organizations has been explored on an annual basis since 2009.

Design/methodology/approach
The research methodology is a combined one; both qualitative and quantitative methods were applied including surveying digital transformation literature, interviews with key representatives of Hungarian organizations, developing a survey to collect quantitative data, data collection and processing with PLS-SEM.

Findings
The results revealed that the digital innovations are strongly determined by business, management commitment and, to a far lesser extent, by strategy. In the case of digital transformation, the role of IT departments and the services they provide are less relevant.

Research limitations/implications
The most important limitation of the research is the size and composition of the sample. Results do not present the situation of a specific industrial sector.

Originality/value
Digital technologies influence and disrupt practically every industry; the development of information and communication technology has changed economies all over the world. Decisive factors of digital transformations are widely researched, but there is no consensus about them. This research contributes to understanding the role of IT department and their services in this process together with leadership, sectorial relevance as influencing factors.
Mentoring dyads in higher education: It feels lucky, but it's more than luck
Authors: Fitzgerald Angela , McNamara Noeleen 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the formation, maintenance and sustenance of a mentoring dyad in higher education. By investigating the reflections of a female mentor and mentee, who both engaged in a formal Mentoring Program, the intention is to inform the design of future programs and expectations of participants, enhance the quality of future practice and understand the benefits mentoring might offer to the academic community.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers utilised a self-study research design to explore their reflections of a mentoring dyad in higher education. The project was informed by a personal–constructivist–collaborative approach, with participants maintaining journals throughout the partnership. These reflections were then compared in order to understand the perceptions of the participants as their relationship developed.FindingsSix themes emerged from the analysis representing the mentoring dyad experience under three categories: (1) forming – making the match, (2) maintaining – flexibility, responsiveness, and persistence, and (3) sustaining – desire to not disappoint and reciprocal learning.Research limitations/implicationsWhile this paper focuses on the experiences of two participants, the in-depth nature of this exploration draws out significant practical considerations that can be applied to the development and/or reinvigoration of formal mentoring programs and/mentoring dyads in other contexts.Originality/valueThese unique insights into their mentoring dyad over a significant period of time add to this dynamic body of knowledge. This study gives voice to female academics and lays bare their vulnerability and openness in sharing their lived experiences of participating in a formal mentoring program.