bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle and Attenuation of Biological Aging in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults
Authors: Fan Junning , Yu Canqing , Pang Yuanjie , Guo Yu , Pei Pei , Sun Zhijia , Yang Ling , Chen Yiping , Du Huaidong , Sun Dianjianyi , Li Yanjie , Chen Junshi , Clarke Robert , Chen Zhengming , Lv Jun , Li Liming ,   China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the effects of lifestyle modification on biological aging in population-based studies of middle-aged and older adults.MethodWe examined the individual and joint associations of multiple lifestyle factors with accelerated biological aging measured by change in frailty index (FI) over 8 years in a prospective study of Chinese adults. Data were obtained on 24 813 participants in the China Kadoorie Biobank on lifestyle factors and frailty status at baseline and at 8 years after baseline. Adherence to healthy lifestyle factors included nonsmoking or quitting smoking for reasons other than illness, avoidance of heavy alcohol consumption, daily intake of fruit and vegetables, being physically active, body mass index of 18.5–23.9 kg/m2, and waist-to-hip ratio of &lt;0.90 (men)/0.85 (women). FI was constructed separately at baseline and resurvey using 25 age- and health-related items.ResultsOverall, 8 760 (35.3%) individuals had a worsening frailty status. In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses, adherence to healthy lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of worsening frailty status. Compared with robust participants maintaining 0–1 healthy lifestyle factors, the corresponding odds ratios (95% CIs) were 0.93 (0.83–1.03), 0.75 (0.67–0.84), 0.68 (0.60–0.77), and 0.55 (0.46–0.65) for robust participants with 2, 3, 4, and 5–6 healthy lifestyle factors. The decreased risk of frailty status worsening by adherence to healthy lifestyle factors was similar in both middle-aged and older adults, and in both robust and prefrail participants at baseline.ConclusionsAdherence to a healthy lifestyle may attenuate the rate of change in biological aging in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.
Rumkowski’s Scapegoat? The Case of Łódź Ghetto Functionary Maks Szczęśliwy at a Rabbinic/Honor Court in Helsinki, 1949–1953
Authors: Muir Simo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article analyzes the honor court trial of Maks Szczęśliwy, former head of the Łódź ghetto Provisioning Department and one of Chaim Rumkowski’s closest associates, accused of “crimes against humanity.” In order to determine whether Szczęśliwy could be accepted as its member, the Jewish Community of Helsinki established a tribunal under rabbinical authority. The tribunal contacted Jewish institutions for assistance and advice in Sweden, Poland, Great Britain, and Israel, and ultimately took the case to the Rabbinic High Court of Israel. The author investigates how shifting attitudes among the transnational survivor community towards former members of Jewish councils and other alleged collaborators shaped the final outcome of the case.
Keeping an eye on pink eye: a global conjunctivitis outbreak expert survey
Authors: Kaur Gurbani , Seitzman Gerami D , Lietman Thomas M , McLeod Stephen D , Porco Travis C , Doan Thuy , Deiner Michael S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Recurrent conjunctivitis epidemics are prevalent worldwide. Aetiologies are often undetermined.

Methods
We surveyed conjunctivitis researchers about perceived trends in prevalence, incidence and aetiologies of conjunctivitis epidemics.

Results
Of the 155 participants, 7% endorsed globally variable and dynamic microbial aetiologies of conjunctivitis epidemics. Increased incidence of conjunctivitis epidemics over the last decade were reported by 21% of respondents. Peak seasons differed between the northern and southern hemispheres.

Conclusions
There is regional equipoise regarding the increasing incidence and emerging underlying aetiologies of epidemic conjunctivitis. Further investigation of global surveillance and microbial characterization of conjunctivitis outbreaks could improve prevention and outcomes.
Simultaneous Estimation of Six Nitrosamine Impurities in Valsartan Using Liquid Chromatographic Method
Authors: Bodiwala Kunjan B , Panchal Bhoomi G , Savale Shrinivas S , Dave Jayant B , Sureja Dipen K , Dhameliya Tejas M , Chhabria Mahesh T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Nitrosamine impurities are potent carcinogens in animals and probable carcinogens in humans. There is a need for effective analytical methods to detect and identify various nitrosamine impurities, and to develop rapid solutions to ensure the safety and quality of the drugs.

Objective
A liquid chromatographic method was developed for estimation of six nitrosamine impurities in valsartan.

Methods
The developed method employed: a C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column as a stationary phase; a combination of acetonitrile, water (pH 3.2 adjusted with formic acid), and methanol with gradient elution as mobile phase; and 228 nm as the detection wavelength. The developed method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization Q2(R1) guidelines. The method was successfully applied to estimate six nitrosamine impurities in valsartan API (active pharmaceutical ingradient) and formulation (tablets).

Results
The method was able to separate each impurity and valsartan with resolved and sharp peaks. Results indicated that the developed method is linear in selected ranges (coefficient of regressions &gt;0.9996), precise (RSD &lt;2%), accurate (recovery in a range of 99.02–100.16%), sensitive (low detection and quantitation limits), and specific for estimation of each impurity in valsartan. Assay results were in agreement with the spiked amount of each impurity.

Conclusion
The developed method can be applied for simultaneous estimation of six nitrosamine impurities in valsartan raw material, tablets, and fixed dose combination at very low levels.

Highlights
Development, validation, and application of a HPLC method for the estimation of six nitrosamine impurities in valsartan API and formulation samples.
Monitoring the Cleanliness of Reusable Surgical Instruments in Central Sterile Supply Department by Adenosine Triphosphate Method
Authors: Li Ye , Lu Ye , Cai Ran , Hu Guoqing , Lu Longxi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Cleaning is very important in reusable surgical instruments (RSI) reprocessing. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) method is widely used to assess cleanliness, but few studies focus on using this method on RSIs.

Objective
To assess the effectiveness of the ATP Bioluminescence Assay for monitoring the cleanliness of RSIs.

Methods
The study was conducted in three central sterile supply departments (CSSD) from 2015 to 2020. Surgical scissors, hemostatic forceps, and other non-lumen instruments were sampled after cleaning. The surface of each instrument was swabbed in a uniform manner, including hinged joints and teeth, and the amount of ATP (amol) was calculated.

Results
A total of 871 RSIs were tested, the mean ATP lg (amol) was 2.829 ± 0.539 and the qualified rate was 80.57%. Washer-disinfector cleaning was more efficient than manual cleaning, the mean ATP lg (amol) were 2.776 ± 0.513 and 2.948 ± 0.575, respectively; the qualified rates were 84.97% and 70.59%, respectively. With the time of bare instruments expose to environment increased, the qualified rate was decreased (Ptrend = 0.044).

Conclusion
ATP levels are stable and repeatable for continuous monitoring of the cleanliness of RSIs. It is a rapid and viable method for assessing the cleanliness of RSIs. Washer-disinfector cleaning is recommended and cleaned instruments should be placed in sterile packaging in good time.

Highlights
The ATP method is viable for assessing the cleanliness of RSI in CSSDs.
Predictors of Follow-up Compliance in Pediatric Burn Patients During the Time of COVID
Authors: Chara Alejandro , Hodgman Erica , Ziegfeld Susan , Parrish Carisa , Rhee Daniel , Garcia Alejandro V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased isolation and potentially decreased access to healthcare. We therefore evaluated the effect of COVID-19 on rates of compliance with recommended post-injury follow-up. We hypothesized that this isolation may lead to detrimental effects on adherence to proper follow-up for children with burn injuries. We queried the registry at an ABA-verified Level 1 pediatric burn center for patients aged 0–18 years who were treated and released from March 30 to July 31, 2020. As a control, we included patients treated during the same time frame from 2016 to 2019. Patient and clinical factors were compared between the COVID and pre-COVID cohorts. Predictors of follow-up were compared using chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate for predictors of compliance with follow-up. A total of 401 patients were seen and discharged from the pediatric ED for burns. Fifty-eight (14.5%) of these patients were seen during the pandemic. Burn characteristics and demographic patterns did not differ between the COVID and pre-COVID cohorts. Likewise, demographics did not differ between patients with follow-up and those without. The rate of compliance with 2-week follow-up was also not affected. Burn size, burn depth, and mechanism of injury all were associated with higher compliance to follow up. After adjusting for these variables, there was still no difference in the odds of appropriate follow-up. Despite concerns about decreased access to healthcare during COVID, follow-up rates for pediatric burn patients remained unchanged at our pediatric burn center.
Cilostazol attenuated prenatal valproic acid-induced behavioural and biochemical deficits in a rat model of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Luhach Kanishk , Kulkarni Giriraj T , Singh Vijay P , Sharma Bhupesh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is categorized as a neurodevelopmental disorder, presenting with a variety of aetiological and phenotypical features. Inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase-3 (PDE3) with cilostazol is known to produce beneficial effects in several brain disorders. The pharmacological outcome of cilostazol administration was investigated in prenatal valproic acid (VPA)-induced ASD deficits in albino Wistar rats.

Methods
Cilostazol was administered in two doses (30/60 mg/kg) to male rats born of females administered with VPA on gestational day 12. Behavioural assays on locomotion (open field), social interaction, repetitive behaviour (y-maze) and anxiety (elevated plus maze) were performed in all groups. Further, biochemical assessments of markers associated with neuronal function (BDNF, pCREB), inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10) and oxidative stress were carried out in frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and cerebellum.

Key findings
The cilostazol regimen, attenuated prenatal VPA exposure associated hyperlocomotion, social interaction deficits, repetitive behavior, and anxiety. Further, biochemical markers such as BDNF, pCREB, IL-10 and GSH were found to be significantly increased contrary to markers such as TNF-α, IL-6 and TBARS in the assessed brain regions.

Conclusions
Cilostazol rectified core behavioural traits while producing significant changes to biochemistry in the brain, suggesting benefits of cilostazol administration in experimental models of ASD.
Swift/UVOT follow-up of gravitational wave alerts in the O3 era
Authors: Oates S R , Marshall F E , Breeveld A A , Kuin N P M , Brown P J , De Pasquale M , Evans P A , Fenney A J , Gronwall C , Kennea J A , Klingler N J , Page M J , Siegel M H , Tohuvavohu A , Ambrosi E , Barthelmy S D , Beardmore A P , Bernardini M G , Campana S , Caputo R , Cenko S B , Cusumano G , D’Aì A , D’Avanzo P , D’Elia V , Giommi P , Hartmann D H , Krimm H A , Laha S , Malesani D B , Melandri A , Nousek J A , O’Brien P T , Osborne J P , Pagani C , Page K L , Palmer D M , Perri M , Racusin J L , Sakamoto T , Sbarufatti B , Schlieder J E , Tagliaferri G , Troja E 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we report on the observational performance of the Swift Ultra-violet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) in response to the gravitational wave (GW) alerts announced by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory and the Advanced Virgo detector during the O3 period. We provide the observational strategy for follow-up of GW alerts and provide an overview of the processing and analysis of candidate optical/UV sources. For the O3 period, we also provide a statistical overview and report on serendipitous sources discovered by Swift/UVOT. Swift followed 18 GW candidate alerts, with UVOT observing a total of 424 deg2. We found 27 sources that changed in magnitude at the 3σ level compared with archival u- or g-band catalogued values. Swift/UVOT also followed up a further 13 sources reported by other facilities during the O3 period. Using catalogue information, we divided these 40 sources into five initial classifications: 11 candidate active galactic nuclei (AGNs)/quasars, three cataclysmic variables (CVs), nine supernovae, 11 unidentified sources that had archival photometry, and six uncatalogued sources for which no archival photometry was available. We have no strong evidence to identify any of these transients as counterparts to the GW events. The 17 unclassified sources are likely a mix of AGN and a class of fast-evolving transient, and one source may be a CV.
Outliers in the LIGO black hole mass function from coagulation in dense clusters
Authors: Flitter Jordan , Muñoz Julian B , Kovetz Ely D 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The advanced LIGO O3a run catalogue has been recently published, and it includes several events with unexpected mass properties, including mergers with individual masses in the lower and upper mass gaps, as well as mergers with unusually small mass ratios between the binary components. Here, we entertain the possibility that these outliers are the outcome of hierarchical mergers of black holes or neutron stars in the dense environments of globular clusters. We use the coagulation equation to study the evolution of the black hole mass function within a typical cluster. Our prescription allows us to monitor how various global quantities change with time, such as the total mass and number of compact objects in the cluster, its overall merger rate, and the probability to form intermediate-mass black holes via a runaway process. By accounting for the LIGO observational bias, we predict the merger event distributions with respect to various variables such as the individual masses M1 and M2, their ratio q, and redshift z, and we compare our predictions with the published O3a data. We study how these distributions depend on the merger-rate and ejections parameters and produce forecasts for the (tight) constraints that can be placed on our model parameters using the future data set of the O5 run. Finally, we also consider the presence of a static channel with no coagulation producing merger events alongside the dynamic channel, finding that the two can be distinguished based solely on the merger mass distribution with future O5 data.
Impact of gas-based seeding on supermassive black hole populations at z ≥ 7
Authors: Bhowmick Aklant K , Blecha Laura , Torrey Paul , Kelley Luke Zoltan , Vogelsberger Mark , Kosciw Kaitlyn , Nelson Dylan , Weinberger Rainer , Hernquist Lars 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Deciphering the formation of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) is a key science goal for upcoming observational facilities. In many theoretical channels proposed so far, the seed formation depends crucially on local gas conditions. We systematically characterize the impact of a range of gas-based black hole seeding prescriptions on SMBH populations using cosmological simulations. Seeds of mass $M_{\mathrm{seed}}\sim 10^3\!-\!10^{6}~\mathrm{M}_{\odot }\, h^{-1}$ are placed in haloes that exceed critical thresholds for star-forming, metal-poor gas mass and halo mass (defined as $\tilde{M}_{\mathrm{sf,mp}}$ and $\tilde{M}_{\mathrm{h}}$, respectively, in units of Mseed). We quantify the impact of these parameters on the properties of z ≥ 7 SMBHs. Lower seed masses produce higher black hole merger rates (by factors of ∼10 and ∼1000 at z ∼ 7 and z ∼ 15, respectively). For fixed seed mass, we find that $\tilde{M}_{\mathrm{h}}$ has the strongest impact on the black hole population at high redshift (z ≳ 15, where a factor of 10 increase in $\tilde{M}_{\mathrm{h}}$ suppresses merger rates by ≳100). At lower redshift (z ≲ 15), we find that $\tilde{M}_{\mathrm{sf,mp}}$ has a larger impact on the black hole population. Increasing $\tilde{M}_{\mathrm{sf,mp}}$ from 5 to 150 suppresses the merger rates by factors of ∼8 at z ∼ 7–15. This suggests that the seeding criteria explored here could leave distinct imprints on LISA merger rates. In contrast, AGN luminosity functions are much less sensitive to seeding criteria, varying by factors ≲2–3 within our models. Such variations will be challenging to probe even with future sensitive instruments such as Lynx or JWST. Our study provides a useful benchmark for development of seed models for large-volume cosmological simulations.
Gravitational wave signature from phase transition of a combusting neutron star to quark star
Authors: Mallick Ritam , Singh Shailendra , R Prasad 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Fluctuation at the neutron star centre gives rise to a small deconfined quark core very close to the star centre. The density discontinuity at the quark–hadron boundary initiates a shock wave, which propagates outwards of the star. The shock has enough energy to combust nuclear matter to 2-flavour quark matter in the star. The 2-flavour quark matter is not stable and settles to a stable 3-flavour matter in the weakly interacting time-scale. In this paper, we study the conversion of 2-flavour matter to 3-flavour matter. We set-up a differential equation to convert the excess of down quarks to strange quarks involving weak reaction and diffusion of quarks. Calculating the reaction rate and diffusion, we solve the differential equation to find the velocity of the conversion front. As the conversion front moves out, the density profile changes, bringing about a change in the star’s quadrupole moment and thereby emitting gravitational waves (GWs). As the conversion process occurs, the temperature of the star rises, but the neutrino carries away the heat in some tens of ms. The GW amplitude of a colder star is well within the present detector capability, but the frequency is slightly on the higher side. Relatively hotter stars are on the boundary of present detectors and easily detectable with future detectors, and their frequency is also within the present detectability range. In comparison, phase transition from Galactic pulsars is easily detectable with present detectors.
Moving-mesh radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of wind-reprocessed transients
Authors: Calderón Diego , Pejcha Ondřej , Duffell Paul C 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Motivated by recent theoretical work on tidal disruption events and other peculiar transients, we present moving-mesh radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of radiative luminosity emitted by a central source being reprocessed by a wind-like outflow. We couple the moving-mesh hydrodynamic code jet with our newly developed radiation module based on mixed-frame grey flux-limited diffusion with implicit timestep update. This allows us to study the self-consistent multidimensional radiation-hydrodynamic evolution over more than 10 orders of magnitude in both space and time in a single run. We simulate an optically thick spherical wind with constant or evolving mass-loss rate, which is irradiated by a central isotropic or angularly dependent radiation source. Our spherically symmetric simulations confirm previous analytic results by identifying different stages of radiation reprocessing: radiation trapped in the wind, diffusing out through the wind, and reaching constant maximum attenuation. We find that confining the central radiation source in a cone with moderate opening angles decrease up to one order of magnitude the early flux along sightlines oriented away from the direction of radiation injection but that the reprocessed radiation becomes isotropic roughly after one lateral diffusion time through the ejecta. We discuss further applications and guidelines for the use of our novel radiation-hydrodynamics tool in the context of transient modelling.
Global three-dimensional simulations of outer protoplanetary discs with ambipolar diffusion
Authors: Cui Can , Bai Xue-Ning 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The structure and evolution of protoplanetary discs (PPDs) are largely governed by disc angular momentum transport, mediated by magnetic fields. In the most observable outer disc, ambipolar diffusion is the primary non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect. In this work, we study the gas dynamics in outer PPDs by conducting a series of global three-dimensional non-ideal MHD simulations with ambipolar diffusion and net poloidal magnetic flux, using the Athena++ MHD code, with resolution comparable to local simulations. Our simulations demonstrate the coexistence of magnetized disc winds and turbulence driven by the magneto-rotational instability (MRI). While MHD winds dominate disc angular momentum transport, the MRI turbulence also contributes significantly. We observe that magnetic flux spontaneously concentrates into axisymmetric flux sheets, leading to radial variations in turbulence levels, stresses, and accretion rates. Annular substructures arise as a natural consequence of magnetic flux concentration. The flux concentration phenomena show diverse properties with different levels of disc magnetization and ambipolar diffusion. The disc generally loses magnetic flux over time, though flux sheets could prevent the leak of magnetic flux in some cases. Our results demonstrate the ubiquity of disc annular substructures in weakly MRI turbulent outer PPDs and imply a stochastic nature of disc evolution.
HD 183579b: a warm sub-Neptune transiting a solar twin detected by TESS
Authors: Gan Tianjun , Bedell Megan , Wang Sharon Xuesong , Foreman-Mackey Daniel , Meléndez Jorge , Mao Shude , Stassun Keivan G , Howell Steve B , Ziegler Carl , Wittenmyer Robert A , Hellier Coel , Collins Karen A , Shporer Avi , Ricker George R , Vanderspek Roland , Latham David W , Seager Sara , Winn Joshua N , Jenkins Jon M , Addison Brett C , Ballard Sarah , Barclay Thomas , Bean Jacob L , Bowler Brendan P , Briceño César , Crossfield Ian J M , Dittman Jason , Horner Jonathan , Jensen Eric L N , Kane Stephen R , Kielkopf John , Kreidberg Laura , Law Nicholas , Mann Andrew W , Mengel Matthew W , Morgan Edward H , Okumura Jack , Osborn Hugh P , Paegert Martin , Plavchan Peter , Schwarz Richard P , Shiao Bernie , Smith Jeffrey C , Spina Lorenzo , Tinney C G , Torres Guillermo , Twicken Joseph D , Vezie Michael , Wang Gavin , Wright Duncan J , Zhang Hui 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery and characterization of a transiting warm sub-Neptune planet around the nearby bright (V = 8.75 mag, K = 7.15 mag) solar twin HD 183579, delivered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The host star is located 56.8 ± 0.1 pc away with a radius of R* = 0.97 ± 0.02 R⊙ and a mass of M* = 1.03 ± 0.05 M⊙. We confirm the planetary nature by combining space and ground-based photometry, spectroscopy, and imaging. We find that HD 183579b (TOI-1055b) has a radius of Rp = 3.53 ± 0.13 R⊕ on a 17.47 d orbit with a mass of Mp = 11.2 ± 5.4 M⊕ (3σ mass upper limit of 27.4 M⊕). HD 183579b is the fifth brightest known sub-Neptune planet system in the sky, making it an excellent target for future studies of the interior structure and atmospheric properties. By performing a line-by-line differential analysis using the high-resolution and signal-to-noise ratio HARPS spectra, we find that HD 183579 joins the typical solar twin sample, without a statistically significant refractory element depletion.