bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QbD Enabled Optimization of Solvent Shifting Method for Fabrication of PLGA Based Nanoparticles for Promising Delivery of Capecitabine for Antitumor Activity
Authors: Jena Goutam Kumar , Patra Ch Niranjan , Panigrahi Kahnu Charan , Sr Jammula , Patro Parameswar , Parhi Rabinarayan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The key objective of the current research was to fabricate and optimize Capecitabine loaded PLGA based nanoparticles (NPs) by enabling Quality by Design (QbD) approach for enhancing antitumor activity by promising delivery of the drug at the colonic site. The current research was based on fabricating PLGA based nanoparticles along with eudragit S100 as enteric polymer employing solvent shifting method followed by optimization using QbD approach. This approach was found to be useful for understanding the multiple factors and their interaction influencing the product by utilizing Design of Experiment (DOE). Box- Behken Design (BBD) was adopted to achieve the required critical quality attributes (CQAs) i.e. minimizing particle size, maximizing entrapment efficiency and minimizing PDI value. The optimized nanoparticles were lyophilized and characterized by FT-IR, DSC, TEM, DLS, MTT assay using HT-29 cell lines and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. The optimized PLGA based nanoparticles were found to possess average particle size, PDI, zeta potential as well as entrapment efficiency of 195 nm, 0.214, -6.65 mV and 65% respectively. TEM analysis revealed the spherical nature of nanoparticles. The FT-IR and DSC studies revealed no interaction. The bioavailability of Capecitabine loaded nanoparticles was found to be two fold increased than the pure drug and also it exhibited significantly more cytotoxic to tumor cells as compared to pure drug as confirmed by MTT assay using HT 29 cell lines. The optimized PLGA based nanoparticles found to possess enhanced bioavailability and significantly more cytotoxic potential i.e. antitumor activity as compared to pure drug.
Cumulative live birth rates between GnRH-agonist long and GnRH-antagonist protocol in one ART cycle when all embryos transferred: Real-Word Data of 18853 women from China
Authors: Yang Jingwei , Zhang Xiaodong , Ding Xiaoyan , Huang Guoning , Ye Hong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: A consensus has been reached on the preferred primary outcome of all infertility treatment trials, which is the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR). Some recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective studies have compared the effectiveness of GnRH-antagonist and GnRH-agonist protocols but showed inconsistent results. Studies commonly used conservative estimates and optimal estimates to described the CLBR of one incomplete ART cycle and there are not many previous studies with data of the complete cycle to compare CLBRs in GnRH-antagonist versus GnRH-agonist protocols.Methods: A total of 18853 patients have completed their first IVF cycle including fresh and subsequent frozen-thawed cycles during 2016-2019, 16827 patients were treated with GnRH-a long and 2026 patients with GnRH-ant protocol. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to evaluate the difference of GnRH-a and GnRH-ant protocol in relation to CLBR.Results: Before PSM, significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics and the CLBR was 50.91% in the GnRH-a and 33.42% in the GnRH-ant (OR: 2.07; 95%CI: 1.88-2.28; P<0.001). Stratified analysis showed the CLBR of GnRH-ant was lower than GnRH-a in suboptimal responders(46.89% vs 27.42%, OR=2.34, 95%CI=1.99-2.74; P<0.001) and no differences of CLBR were observed in other patients between protocols. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable logistic analysis found the CLBR of GnRH-ant group was lower than that of GnRH-a group (OR=2.11, 95%CI:1.69-2.63,P<0.001). After PSM to balence the baseline between groups, the CLBR of GnRH-a group was higher than that of GnRH-ant group in suboptimal responders((38.61% vs 28.22%, OR=1.60, 95%CI= 1.28-1.99; P<0.001) and the normal fertilization rate and number of available embryo in GnRH-a were higher than these of GnRH-ant groups in suboptimal responders (77.39% vs 75.22%; 2.86±1.26 vs 2.61±1.22; P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in other patients between different protocols.Conclusions: It is crucial to optimize the utilization of protocols in different ovarian response patients and reconsider the field of application of GnRH-ant protocols in China.
Synbiotics containing nanoprebiotics: a novel therapeutic strategy to restore gut dysbiosis
Authors: Hong Liang , Lee Sang-Mok , Kim Whee-Soo , Choi Yun-Jaie , Oh Seo-Ho , Li Yu-Ling , Choi Seung-Hoon , Chung Dong Hyen , Jung Eunkyoung , Kang Sang-Kee , Cho Chong-Su 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: In our previous study, it was demonstrated that nanoprebiotics, phthalyl pullulan nanoparticles (PPNs), a new formulation enhanced the antimicrobial activity of probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) in vitro by intracellular stimulation more than backbone prebiotics generally used by far. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether this combination may exert a distinguished effect as synbiotics in vivo. To accomplish this goal, the synbiotics combination of LP, pullulan, and PPNs were treated to a dysbiosis-induced mouse model and assessed their restoring effect using pathogen Escherichia coli K99 (EC) challenge. Results: The experiment group fed with synbiotics containing PPNs more suppressed the infection of EC in mice and reinforced the gut barrier by proving the decreased serum endotoxin level. Also, the synbiotics containing PPNs increased microbial diversity as a representative parameter of healthy status compared with other groups, including a normal control group. Furthermore, distinct from treated probiotics alone, the synbiotics showed additive effects to enrich several well-known beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and several butyrate-producing bacteria including Faecalibacterium. Conclusion: Our results indicated that synbiotics containing PPNs are very effective at restoring gut dysbiosis and suppressing pathogenic infection with an increase in microbial diversity, suggesting that the synbiotics with nanoprebiotics have the potential to be a novel strategy for curing gut dysbiosis and infectious diseases.
Genes Responsible for Avoiding Attack of a Beetle, Relating to the Duration of Death Feigning
Authors: Tanaka Keisuke , Sasaki Ken , Matsumura Kentarou , Yajima Shunsuke , Miyatake Takahisa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Predator avoidance is an important behavior that affects the degree of adaptation of organisms. We compared the DNA variation of one of the predator-avoidance behaviors, the recently extensively studied "death-feigning behavior," between the long strain bred for feigning death for a long time and the short strain bred for feigning death for a short time. To clarify how the difference in DNA sequences between the long and short strains corresponds to the physiological characteristics of the death-feigning duration at the transcriptome level, we performed comprehensive and comparative analyses of gene variants in Tribolium castaneum strains using DNA-re-sequence. The duration of death feigning involves many gene pathways, including caffeine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, longevity regulating pathways, and circadian rhythm. Artificial selection based on the duration of death feigning results in the preservation of variants of genes in these pathways in the long strain. When an animal wake up from a near-death experience is closely related to its success in avoiding predation. This study suggests that many metabolic pathways and related genes may be involved in the decision-making process of anti-predator animal behavior by forming a network in addition to the tyrosine metabolic system, including dopamine, revealed in previous studies.
Colorimetric and Ratiometric Fluorescence Detection of HSO3− with a NIR Fluorescent Dye
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Yang Chenchen , Zhang Hongyan , Li Zhanxian , Yu Mingming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Bisulfite (HSO3−) has been widely used in food and industry, which has brought convenience to human life, but also seriously endangered human health. In this work, the probe PBI was designed and synthesized to detect bisulfite (HSO3−) through nucleophilic addition reaction. The probe PBI showed a selective reaction to HSO3− and can quantitatively detect HSO3−. At the same time, the color of the probe PBI changed significantly, which provided a simple method for the naked eye to identify HSO3−. Finally, it was successfully applied to the fluorescence imaging of HSO3− in living cells.
Forecast of the COVID-19 trend in India: a simple modelling approach
Authors: Song Haitao , Fan Guihong , Zhao Shi , Li Huichen , Huang Qihua , He Daihai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
By February 2021, the overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India had been relatively mild in terms of total reported cases and deaths. Surprisingly, the second wave in early April becomes devastating and attracts worldwide attention. On April 30, 2021, India became the first country reporting over 400,000 daily new cases. Multiple factors drove the rapid growth of the epidemic in India and caused a large number of deaths within a very short period. These factors include a new variant with increased transmissibility, a lack of preparations exists national wide, and health and safety precautions poorly implemented or enforced during festivals, sporting events, and state/local elections. Moreover, India's cases and deaths are vastly underreported due to poor infrastructure, and low testing rates. In this paper, we use the COVID-19 mortality data in India and a mathematical model to calculate the effective reproduction number and to model the wave pattern in India. We propose a new approach to forecast the epidemic size and peak timing in India with the aim to inform mitigation in India. Our model simulation matched the reported deaths accurately and is reasonably close to results of serological study. We forecast that the IAR could reach 43% by June 13, 2021 under the current trend, which means 532,629 reported deaths with a 95% CI (552,445, 513,194) ie., double the current total deaths. Our approach is readily applicable in other countries and with other type of data (e.g. excess deaths).
H2O2:HCl Catalyzed Synthesis of 5-(3-Substituted-Thiophene) Pyrimidine Derivatives and Evaluation for Their Pharmacological Effects
Authors: H Sukanya S , Venkatesh Talavara , J Adithya Rao S , N Shivakumara 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A series of 5-(3-substituted-thiophene) pyrimidine derivatives (3a-d) were synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation reaction in aqueous ethanol using H2O2:HCl as a green halogenating catalyst and evaluated for their pharmacological effects. The structures of the targets were confirmed by analytical and spectroscopic methods. From antibacterial activity result reveals that, all the four compounds showed appreciable activity with varied zone of inhibition, in that the compounds 3b & 3d exhibited most effective zone of inhibition against bacterial strains E. coli & S. aureus respectively. In-vitro cytotoxicity was carried by MTT assay method against MCF-7 (Breast cancer) cell line and results of all the four compounds showed excellent selectivity, in that compound 3a exhibited excellent cytotoxicity with minimum cell viability range of 23.68 to 44.16 %. The interaction of compounds with CT-DNA was determined by using UV-absorption spectroscopy and results were confirmed that, all the synthesized compounds interacted strongly with CT-DNA through electrostatic or groove binding. In-silico ADME-toxicology results indicated that, all the targets are non-toxic, good oral bioavailability and druglikeness score indicated that they are suitable as drug-leads. From In-silico molecular docking results showed compound 3b was bound with GlcN-6-P and P38 MAPk with least binding energy of -7.9 and -6.4 kcal/mol respectively.
Hymenobacter Humicola sp. nov., Isolated from Soil in South Korea.
Authors: Damdintogtokh Tuvshinzaya , Bai Jaewoo , Kim Myung Kyum 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Two novel bacterial strains, designated as BT186T and BT505, were isolated from a soil sample collected in South Korea and characterized. Both strains were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, circular, convex, and had red-colored colonies. 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that strains BT186T and BT505 belong to a distinct lineage within the genus Hymenobacter (family Hymenobacteraceae, order Cytophagales, class Cytophagia, phylum Bacteroidetes, kingdom Bacteria). Both strains were closely related to Hymenobacter norwichensis DSM 15439T (98.3% 16S rRNA gene similarity), Hymenobacter aquaticus JCM 31653T (96.8%), and Hymenobacter perfusus LMG26000T (96.5%). The strain BT186T was found to have the MK-7 as the major respiratory quinone. The major polar lipid of strain BT186T was identified to be phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The major cellular fatty acid profiles of strain BT186T were C16:1 ω5c (24.3%), iso-C15:0 (20.3%) and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c / C16:1 ω7c) (19.9%). Characterization based on polyphasic analysis indicated that strains BT186T and BT505 represent novel species of the genus Hymenobacter and the name Hymenobacter humicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Hymenobacter humicola is BT186T (= KCTC 72338T= NBRC 114968T).
Respiratory physiology of COVID-19 and Influenza associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Kronibus Niklas , Seiler Frederik , Danziger Guy , Muellenbach Ralf M. , Reyher Christian , Becker André , Kamphorst Maren , Rixecker Torben , Metz Carlos , Lepper Philipp M. , Bals Robert , Mang Sebastian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: There is ongoing debate whether lung physiology of COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) differs from ARDS of other origin.Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze and compare how critically ill patients with COVID-19 and Influenza A or B were ventilated in our tertiary care center with or without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We ask if acute lung failure due to COVID-19 requires different intensive care management compared to conventional ARDS. Methods: 25 patients with COVID-19 associated ARDS were matched to a cohort of 25 Influenza patients treated in our center from 2011 to 2021. Subgroup analysis addressed whether patients on ECMO received different mechanical ventilation than patients without extracorporeal support.Results: Compared to Influenza-associated ARDS, COVID-19 patients had higher ventilatory system compliance (40.7 ml/mbar [31.8 – 46.7 ml/mbar] vs. 31.4 ml/mbar [13.7 – 42.8 ml/mbar], p = 0.198), higher ventilatory ratio (1.57 [1.31 – 1.84] vs. 0.91 [0.44 – 1.38], p = 0.006) and higher minute ventilation at the time of intubation (mean minute ventilation 10.7 l/min [7.2 – 12.2 l/min] for COVID-19 vs. 6.0 l/min [2.5 – 10.1 l/min] for Influenza, p = 0.013). There were no measurable differences in P/F ratio, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and driving pressures (ΔP). Respiratory system compliance deteriorated considerably in COVID-19 patients on ECMO during 2 weeks of mechanical ventilation (Crs, mean decrease over 2 weeks -23.87 ml/mbar ± 32.94 ml/mbar, p = 0.037), but not in ventilated Influenza patients on ECMO and less so in ventilated COVID-19 patients without ECMO. For COVID-19 patients, low driving pressures on ECMO were strongly correlated to a decline in compliance after 2 weeks (Pearson’s R 0.80, p = 0.058). Overall mortality was insignificantly lower for COVID-19 patients compared to Influenza patients (40% vs. 48%, p = 0.31). Outcome was insignificantly worse for patients requiring veno-venous ECMO in both groups (50% mortality for COVID-19 on ECMO vs. 27% without ECMO, p = 0.30 / 56% vs 34% mortality for Influenza A/B with and without ECMO, p = 0.31)Conclusion: The pathophysiology of early COVID-19-associated ARDS differs from Influenza-associated acute lung failure by sustained respiratory mechanics during the early phase of ventilation. We question whether intubated COVID-19 patients on ECMO benefit from extremely low driving pressures, as this appears to accelerate derecruitment and consecutive loss of ventilatory system compliance.
Gut Micobiota Alteration by Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Reduces Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Glucose Level in the Adult Model of Zebrafish
Authors: Bootorabi Fatemeh , Saadat Farshid , Falak Reza , Manouchehri Hamed , Changizi Reza , Mohammadi Hasan , Safavifar Farnaz , Khorramizadeh M.Reza 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still a challenge for physicians to manage patient’s circumstances. It is assumed that alterations in the normal flora may be involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM through inducing chronic inflammation. To investigate the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus as a common probiotic on T2DM, we induced an experimental model of T2DM in adult male Zebrafish by gradient hyper-glucose accumulation methodology.Results: In this trial three-month old mail adult Zebrafish were divided in to four groups including two control groups and T2DM induced groups with or without probiotic treatment. After five days of acclimation, T2DM was induced by a gradient hyper-glucose accumulation methodology. Diabetic fishes had statistically abnormal blood glucose and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels compared to control group (p=0.0001). This results suggest that probiotic intervention hindered the blood glucose level in the T2DM group by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines responsible for signaling in T2DM therapeutic modalities.
Contribution of Contraceptive Use on Fertility Reduction in Rwanda
Authors: Muremyi Roger , Mutabazi David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives: In this study, the contribution of contraceptive use on fertility rate reduction in Rwanda was assessed using the data from RDHS 2014/2015 and the sample was constituted with 5,954 household respondents where the targeted population were male between 15-59 years and female between 15-49 years of age, multinomial logistic regression was used to prove the full contribution of contraceptive use to the fertility reduction in the country in order to improve Rwandan’s welfare.Results: Compared to the traditional method and modern method it was found that 48.54% of male use modern method, while 5.39% uses traditional method; otherwise, 33.70% of female use modern method while 1.24% of female use traditional method, finally sexual and reproductive health programs should be encouraged and the parents must teach their children about the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) which will reduce the adolescent fertility which is rising day to day.
Parents View About Oral Health Status, Oral Hygiene Behaviors, and Dental Services Utilization of Their Children With Hearing Impairment Attending Special Schools
Authors: Rajabloo Soofia , Pakkhesal Mina , Alhosseini AliAkbar Naghavi , Ghorbani Zahra , Rajabi Abdolhalim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Parents are the principal decision-makers regarding their child’s health. Awareness of parents’ views regarding their children's health, particularly with special health care needs, is essential for health care providers. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the parents' view about oral health status, oral hygiene practices, and dental services utilization of their children with hearing impairment attending special schools.Results: 57.4% of the parents rated their children's oral health status as very good or good, 27.9% as moderate, and 9.0% as poor. About half of the parents (49.2%) stated that their children used toothbrush once daily, and 15% use dental floss. Also, 54% of the children visited the dentist before this survey's conduct. The twice brush or more a day was significantly associated with the oral health status (OR: 22.16; CI 95%), and other factors did not show a significant association.
The Relationship Between Moral Courage and the Perception of Ethical Climate in Hospital Nurses
Authors: Hakimi Hamideh , mousazadeh noushin , Nia Hamid Sharif , Nazari Roghieh , Dehghani Maryam 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesThis study is conducted with the aim of the relationship between moral courage and the perception of ethical climate in hospital nurses.ResultsThe study was carried out as descriptive-correlation study in 2019. The subjects were 267 nurses working in hospitals who were selected through simple random sampling. Questionnaire was used to collect data. The mean scores of moral courage and ethical climate in nurses were 87.07±15.52 and 96.12±17.17 respectively. The findings showed that 16% of moral courage score in nurses was attributed to ethical climate and overtime work hours per month. Although, ethical climate and overtime work hours were the main factors in moral courage, not a notable percentage of the variance of moral courage was attributed to them. Therefore, there is a need to determine other factors in moral courage.
An Analysis of Contributing Mining Factors in Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis Prevalence in the United States Coal Mines, 1986-2018
Authors: Shekarian Younes , Rahimi Elham , Shekarian Naser , Rezaee Mohammad , Roghanchi Pedram 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the United States, an unexpected and severe increase in coal miners’ lung diseases in the late 1990s prompted researchers to investigate the causes of the disease resurgence. This study aims to scrutinize the effects of various mining parameters, including coal rank, mine size, mining method, coal seam height, and geographical location on the prevalence of CWP in surface and underground coal mines. A comprehensive dataset was created using the U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) Employment and Accident/Injury databases. The information was merged based on the mine ID by utilizing SQL data management software. A total number of 123,643 mine-year observations were included in the statistical analysis. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model was used to conduct a statistical analysis on a total of 29,707, and 32,643 mine-year observations for underground and surface coal mines, respectively. The results of the econometrics approach revealed that coal workers in underground coal mines are at a greater risk of CWP comparing to those of surface coal operations. Furthermore, underground coal mines in the Appalachia and Interior regions are at a higher risk of CWP prevalence than the Western region. Surface coal mines in the Appalachian coal region are more susceptible to CWP than miners in the Western region. The analysis also indicated that coal workers working in smaller mines are more vulnerable to CWP than those in large mine sizes. Furthermore, coal workers in thin-seam underground mine operations are more likely to develop CWP.