bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging system for intraoperative margin assessment for DCIS and invasive breast cancer using the ClearSight™ system in breast‐conserving surgery—Results from a postmarketing study
Authors: Thill Marc , Szwarcfiter Iris , Kelling Katharina , van Haasteren Viviane , Kolka Eyal , Noelke Josefa , Peles Zachi , Papa Moshe , Aulmann Sebastian , Allweis Tanir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesBreast‐conserving surgery (BCS) is followed by reoperations in approximately 25%. Reoperations lead to an increased risk of infection and wound healing problems as well as a worse cosmetic outcome. Several technical approaches for an intraoperative margin assessment to decrease the reoperation rate are under evaluation, some of them are still experimental.MethodsA prospective single‐arm post‐marketing study with 60 patients undergoing BCS for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast cancer was conducted. The specimen was intraoperatively examined by the ClearSight™ system, a mobile magnetic resonance imaging system that is based on a diffusion‐weighted imaging protocol. However, the results were blinded to the surgeon.ResultsThe ClearSight™ system was performed for both ductal and lobular breast cancer and DCIS, with a sensitivity of 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44–0.96) and a specificity of 0.84 (95% CI 0.72–0.92), with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 80%.ConclusionHad the ClearSight™ been known to the surgeon intraoperatively, the reoperation rate would have been reduced by 83% for invasive carcinoma, from 10% to 2%, and 50% for DCIS, from 30% to 15% reoperations. A trial designed to examine the impact on reoperation rates is currently ongoing.
A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method for determination of by‐products originating from ozonation of chlorpyrifos and diazinon spiked in cherry tomato and perilla leaf
Authors: Park Juri , Kim Yun‐Ji , Na Yun‐Cheol 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, sample pretreatment methods have been developed for the determination of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and their by‐products present in cherry tomato and perilla leaf using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. To optimize a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method, the recoveries at each step were evaluated. The steps improved the recoveries of chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos oxon, diazinon, diazoxon, and 2‐isopropyl‐6‐methyl‐4‐pyrimidinol up to 80% or more by removing interferents, but diethyl phosphate was almost lost during the partition procedure, and the 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol recovery was below 65%. Therefore, the compounds were evaluated using different solvent compositions based on a quick polar pesticides method; note that 100% methanol showed acceptable extraction results. The optimized method provided method detection limits ranging from 0.03 to 1.22 ng/g and good linearities (R2 > 0.996). The recovery values were between 82.1 and 113.3%. The intra‐ and interday reproducibility was evaluated to be within 8.6 and 9.9%, respectively. The method was applied to determine the degradation efficiency of chlorpyrifos and diazinon and their by‐products formed during plasma treatment.
The effect of perceived life stress on posttraumatic stress disorder treatment outcome
Authors: Burton Mark S. , Marks Elizabeth H. , Bedard‐Gilligan Michele A. , Feeny Norah C. , Zoellner Lori A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLife stress following trauma exposure is a consistent predictor of the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there is a dearth of research on the effect of life stress on PTSD treatment outcomes. The current study examined the effects of pretreatment levels of perceived life stress on treatment outcome in a sample of 200 individuals with PTSD who were randomized to receive either prolonged exposure (PE) therapy or sertraline as part of a clinical trial. Life stress over the year prior to treatment significantly interacted with treatment type to predict higher residual PTSD symptom severity, as assessed using the PTSD Symptom Scale–Interview, among participants who received sertraline but not those who received PE, β = .24, p = .017, ∆R2 = .03. These findings were similar for self‐reported depression severity, β = .27, p = .008, ∆R2 = .04. Adherence to either PE homework or sertraline compliance did not mediate this association nor did life stress predict treatment retention for either treatment arm. Higher levels of perceived life stress may serve as a prescriptive predictor of PTSD treatment outcome, with PE remaining efficacious regardless of heightened pretreatment life stress. These findings encourage clinician confidence when providing PE to individuals with higher levels of life stress. Future researchers should examine the impact of PTSD treatment on perceived and objective measures of life stress to improve treatment for individuals who experience chronic stress.
Flüssiges Glas – optische Mikroskopie kolloidaler Suspensionen
Authors: Zumbusch Andreas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractZwanzig Jahre nach seiner Vorhersage wurde in Suspensionen kolloidaler Ellipsoide ein Zustand mit eingefrorenen Orientierungen entdeckt – flüssiges Glas. Wie teilchenaufgelöste Fluoreszenzmikroskopie zeigt, bilden längliche Kolloide eine amorphe Struktur, in der sie beweglich bleiben, aber ihre Ausrichtung nicht ändern.
Siliciumchemie: Hybridrohstoffe
Authors: Koebel Matthias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDer Aerogel‐Forscher und ehemalige Empa‐Chemiker Matthias Koebel versucht sich mit seinem Start‐up Siloxene als Unternehmer. Hier erklärt er, was es mit der neuartigen Siliciumtechnik auf sich hat.
Biotechnik: Minuten statt Stunden
Authors: Marx Andreas , Betz Karin , Welter Moritz 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWie der Weg von der Grundlagenforschung über ein Enzym zur schnellen Diagnostik des Virus Sars‐CoV‐2 mit Echtzeit‐Polymerase‐Kettenreaktion führte.
Employing phase‐field descriptions of cohesive zone placements in cohesive fracture simulations
Authors: Roth Stephan , Kiefer Björn 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCohesive zone models suffer from the fundamental problem that potential crack paths must be determined beforehand. Phase‐field models for (brittle) fracture, that have recently become immensely popular, are able to naturally handle essentially arbitrary crack patterns. However, due to their energetic nature, phase‐field approaches have difficulties to predict, for example, crack nucleation in consequence of their lack of strength criteria which are naturally incorporated in the cohesive zone model. In this contribution, an alternative approach is presented that allows the embedding of established (cyclic) cohesive laws into phase‐field modeling. Our work is conceptually in line with the ideas proposed by Verhoosel and de Borst in 2013. Since this novel approach to cohesive fracture is still in its infancy, many open challenges remain, of which the following are addressed in this article: (i) A strict separation between the description of the cohesive zone and the cohesive law itself is realized, (ii) the interplay between the different physical length‐scales inherent to the formulation is carefully investigated in order to quantify the parameters introduced in the phase‐field description, and (iii) an alternative finite element treatment is proposed, implemented, and tested that avoids spurious solutions for unstructured meshes. In this context, fatigue crack growth is simulated as a quantitative benchmark problem relevant to engineering applications.
Infill topology and shape optimization of lattice‐skin structures
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Cirak Fehmi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLattice‐skin structures composed of a thin‐shell skin and a lattice infill are widespread in nature and large‐scale engineering due to their efficiency and exceptional mechanical properties. Recent advances in additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, make it possible to create lattice‐skin structures of almost any size with arbitrary shape and geometric complexity. We propose a novel gradient‐based approach to optimizing both the shape and infill of lattice‐skin structures to improve their efficiency further. The respective gradients are computed by fully considering the lattice‐skin coupling while the lattice topology and shape optimization problems are solved in a sequential manner. The shell is modeled as a Kirchhoff–Love shell and analyzed using isogeometric subdivision surfaces, whereas the lattice is modeled as a pin‐jointed truss. The lattice consists of many cells, possibly of different sizes, with each containing a small number of struts. We propose a penalization approach akin to the SIMP (solid isotropic material with penalization) method for topology optimization of the lattice. Furthermore, a corresponding sensitivity filter and a lattice extraction technique are introduced to ensure the stability of the optimization process and to eliminate scattered struts of small cross‐sectional areas. The developed topology optimization technique is suitable for nonperiodic, nonuniform lattices. For shape optimization of both the shell and the lattice, the geometry of the lattice‐skin structure is parameterized using the free‐form deformation technique. The topology and shape optimization problems are solved in an iterative, sequential manner. The effectiveness of the proposed approach and the influence of different algorithmic parameters are demonstrated with several numerical examples.
An experimental test of resource recovery from physical and relaxation work break activities
Authors: Hoover Coty S. , Ragsdale Jennifer M. , Ayres Thomas B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractActual resource replenishment, a defining part of the stress‐recovery process, has hardly been studied. We address this gap in the literature within the context of work breaks to determine which resources are replenished relative to a pre‐stressor baseline. Guided by conservation of resources theory and the effort‐recovery model, we explored how two different break activities promoted recovery by looking at their effects on recovery experiences (relaxation, psychological detachment), psychological resources (self‐regulatory capacity, energy), and an indicator of insufficient recovery (fatigue). In a sample of 160 college students, we experimentally induced a state of resource depletion via mentally demanding tasks and randomly assigned people to a physical (stationary bike) or relaxation (progressive muscle relaxation) recovery break activity. The relaxation activity resulted in higher psychological detachment and relaxation experiences, the physical activity resulted in higher energy levels, and there were no differences between the break activities for self‐regulatory capacity or fatigue. Overall, post‐break resource levels improved following recovery break activities. Energy levels returned to baseline (replenishment); self‐regulatory capacity and fatigue improved beyond baseline (accumulation). These resource replenishment and accumulation findings further the development of recovery theory and help employees select a work break activity that better meets their resource‐related needs.
Vascular adhesion protein-1 defines a unique subpopulation of human hematopoietic stem cells and regulates their proliferation
Authors: Iftakhar-e-Khuda Imtiaz , Pessia Alberto , Zheng Shuyu , Kankainen Matti , Kontro Mika , Karikoski Marika , Laurila Juha , Gerke Heidi , Tadayon Sina , Hollmén Maija , Tang Jing , Imhof Beat A. , Salmi Marko , Jalkanen Sirpa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough the development of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) has been studied in great detail, their heterogeneity and relationships to different cell lineages remain incompletely understood. Moreover, the role of Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 in bone marrow hematopoiesis has remained unknown. Here we show that VAP-1, an adhesin and a primary amine oxidase producing hydrogen peroxide, is expressed on a subset of human HSC and bone marrow vasculature forming a hematogenic niche. Bulk and single-cell RNAseq analyses reveal that VAP-1+ HSC represent a transcriptionally unique small subset of differentiated and proliferating HSC, while VAP-1− HSC are the most primitive HSC. VAP-1 generated hydrogen peroxide acts via the p53 signaling pathway to regulate HSC proliferation. HSC expansion and differentiation into colony-forming units are enhanced by inhibition of VAP-1. Contribution of VAP-1 to HSC proliferation was confirmed with mice deficient of VAP-1, mice expressing mutated VAP-1 and using an enzyme inhibitor. In conclusion, VAP-1 expression allows the characterization and prospective isolation of a new subset of human HSC. Since VAP-1 serves as a check point-like inhibitor in HSC differentiation, the use of VAP-1 inhibitors enables the expansion of HSC.
Improvement of summer precipitation simulation by correcting biases of spring soil moisture in the seasonal frozen-thawing zone over the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Li Kechen , Zhang Feimin , Yang Kai , Shen Jiali , Wang Chenghai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSoil moisture (SM) plays an important role in the climate system, and the effects of SM anomalies on climate can persist from month to season. The seasonal frozen-thawing zone (SFTZ) in the northern hemisphere (NH), which is associated with large inter-annual variability in spring SM, is important from land–atmosphere interaction perspective. In this study, by assimilating spring SM in the SFTZ through indirect soil nudging (ISN) in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, the effects of correcting spring SM biases in the SFTZ on subsequent summer precipitation simulations in the NH are investigated. The results indicated that correcting spring SM biases in the SFTZ improves the subsequent summer precipitation simulations in the NH. Correcting spring SM biases in the SFTZ significantly adjusts energy and moisture evolution on the land surface from spring to summer. Specifically, the correction of SM biases by assimilating SM in SFTZ in the spring can clearly reduce the biases of sensible heat flux (SH) and latent heat flux (LH) in the summer. This affects land–atmosphere interactions over NH, leading to correcting the negative biases of the geopotential height in the middle troposphere in June and July, as well as larger biases of water vapor transport and its divergence during the summer. The results imply that spring SM in the SFTZ is a potential signal for predicting summer precipitation in the NH.
Short-term outcomes in robot-assisted compared to laparoscopic colon cancer resections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cuk Pedja , Kjær Mie Dilling , Mogensen Christian Backer , Nielsen Michael Festersen , Pedersen Andreas Kristian , Ellebæk Mark Bremholm 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Robot-assisted surgery is increasingly adopted in colorectal surgery. However, evidence for the implementation of robot-assisted surgery for colon cancer is sparse. This study aims to evaluate the short-term outcomes of robot-assisted colon surgery (RCS) for cancer compared to laparoscopic colon surgery (LCS).

Methods
Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library were searched between January 1, 2005 and October 2, 2020. Randomized clinical trials and observational studies were included. Non-original literature was excluded. Primary endpoints were anastomotic leakage rate, conversion to open surgery, operative time, and length of hospital stay. Secondary endpoints were surgical efficacy and postoperative morbidity. We evaluated risk of bias using RoB2 and ROBINS-I quality assessment tools. We performed a pooled analysis of primary and secondary endpoints. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2, and possible causes were explored by sensitivity- and meta-regression analyses. Publication bias was evaluated by Funnel plots and Eggers linear regression test. The level of evidence was assessed by GRADE.

Results
Twenty studies enrolling 13,799 patients (RCS 1740 (12.6%) and LCS 12,059 (87.4%) were included in the meta-analysis that demonstrated RCS was superior regarding: anastomotic leakage (odds ratio (OR) = 0.54, 95% CI [0.32, 0.94]), conversion (OR = 0.31, 95% CI [0.23, 0.41]), overall complication rate (OR = 0.85, 95% CI [0.73, 1.00]) and time to regular diet (MD =  − 0.29, 95% CI [− 0.56, 0.02]). LCS proved to have a shortened operative time compared to RCS (MD = 42.99, 95% CI [28.37, 57.60]). Level of evidence was very low according to GRADE.

Conclusion
RCS showed advantages in colonic cancer surgery regarding surgical efficacy and morbidity compared to LCS despite a predominant inclusion of non-RCT with serious risk of bias assessment and a very low level of evidence.
On the periodic hierarchical Chinese postman problem
Authors: Keskin Muhammed Emre , Triki Chefi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a mathematical formulation and a heuristic approach for a new variant of the Hierarchical Chinese Postman Problem (HCPP). Indeed, we introduce the concept of periodicity, and we define and solve, for the first time, the Periodic-HCPP, denoted as P-HCPP. Given that the resulting integer programming model makes use of a big number of binary variables and given the extended time horizon considered, 30 days in our case, the problem is characterized by a high level of complexity. However, our developed heuristic is able to solve instances having up to 40 nodes, 520 arcs and 5 hierarchies, whereas a general-purpose solver like Gurobi was not able to provide solutions for instances having more than 10 nodes. While the collected results are very encouraging, we provide at the end of this paper a set of possible future extensions of this work.
From the circular economy to the sustainable development goals in the European Union: an empirical comparison
Authors: Rodríguez-Antón José Miguel , Rubio-Andrada Luis , Celemín-Pedroche María Soledad , Ruíz-Peñalver Soraya María 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe European Union (EU) is trying to accelerate the transition from the current linear economy to a circular economy (CE). In fact, the CE is considered a tool to attain sustainable development goals (SDGs). In this sense, this paper aims at analysing the interaction between the CE and SDGs in the context of the new 2030 Agenda and the European CE strategy; thus contributing to the scarce empirical literature that links the potential of the European CE strategy to the achievement of the SDGs set by the 2030 Agenda. Three specific research questions have been formulated. First, could the objectives defined in the 2030 Agenda be considered homogeneous, and could they uniquely measure the concept of sustainability? Second, are there significant correlations between the implementation of a CE in the EU and the SDGs? Finally, is the behaviour of the 28 countries that make up the EU homogeneous in terms of the results of the initiatives aimed at the implementation of a CE? From these questions, nine hypotheses are put forward concerning the possible relationships between a CE implementation and the fulfilment of SDGs in the EU. Using a correlation analysis, an exploratory factor analysis, and a cluster analysis, it has been demonstrated that (a) SDGs do not univocally measure the concept of sustainability; (b) there are significant relationships between CE and SDGs in the EU; (c) the behaviour of these European countries is not homogeneous.
The deterrence effect of real-world operational tax audits on self-employed taxpayers: evidence from Italy
Authors: Mazzolini Gabriele , Pagani Laura , Santoro Alessandro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe use a large administrative tax-returns panel dataset merged with a tax audit database to estimate the effect of real-world operational tax audits on subsequent tax behavior of a large sample of Italian self-employed taxpayers. Results from operational audits do not suffer from the fact that taxpayers are aware that they have been randomly selected for research purposes and, then, such audits are viewed as more of a signal about true audit rates by the taxpayer. Our empirical approach relies on fixed-effects difference-in-difference comparisons with an ex-ante matched sample of non-audited taxpayers. To address concerns about the endogenous selection into audit, we provide evidence for the common trends assumption. We find a positive and lasting effect of audits on subsequent reported income. However, in line with theoretical predictions, taxpayers do not increase tax compliance when the tax authority does not assess a positive additional income. Our results are robust to a variety of specifications and samples.
Influence of methodological choices on maintenance and replacement in building LCA
Authors: Francart Nicolas , Widström Torun , Malmqvist Tove 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposePrevious life cycle assessments (LCAs) of buildings and building components show a broad range of values for the impact of maintenance and replacement, some highlighting these operations as major hotspots while others consider them insignificant. This article highlights methodological aspects explaining this discrepancy. The influence of three aspects is investigated further in a case study of façade materials: the reference study period (RSP), service life data, and the use of a round-up number of operations or annualized impacts.MethodsA comparative LCA of seven façade alternatives is carried out as an illustrative case study. For each alternative, global warming potential (GWP) is calculated using three possible RSPs, four possible material service lives (one from industry practitioners and low, standard and high values from a generic database), and two possible calculation methods (round-up or annualized impacts).Results and discussionWhile the same façade alternative had the lowest GWP in all cases, different methodological choices significantly affected the GWP and respective ranking of other alternatives. Some alternatives showed a significant increase in GWP over longer RSPs, while others were still dominated by the impact of initial production after 200 years. In nearly all cases, generic service life data lead to a higher GWP than data from industry practitioners. Major discrepancies were found between generic and practitioner data in some cases, e.g., for the brick façade. In most cases, annualized impacts led to a slightly lower (or equal) GWP than using a round-up number of operations. However, when a major operation happens shortly before the end of the RSP, the annualized method leads to considerably lower GWP.ConclusionsMaintenance and replacement are rarely significant over a 50-year RSP but sometimes become hotspots over longer RSPs. Using round-up operations or annualized impacts does not make much difference in average, but leads to significantly different results in specific cases. As building LCA enters certification and regulation, there is a need to harmonize such methodological choices, as they affect LCA results, hotspot identification, and recommendations. Discrepancies in service life data also call for the gathering of reliable data.