bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robot‐assisted salvage seminal vesicle excision for isolated recurrence after low‐dose‐rate prostate brachytherapy
Authors: Langley Stephen , Eden Christopher , Perry Matthew , Patil Krishna , Moschonas Dimitrios , Higgins Donna , Deering Claire , Laing Robert , Perna Carla , Khaksar Sara , Uribe‐Lewis Santiago , Uribe Jennifer 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesTo report clinical and functional outcomes for patients who have undergone salvage robot‐assisted seminal vesicle excision (RA‐SVE) for the focal treatment of isolated seminal vesical (SV) recurrence after treatment for prostate cancer by low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy.Patients and MethodsPatients with rising prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) after low‐dose‐rate prostate brachytherapy (LDR‐PB) underwent multi‐parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp‐MRI) of the prostate and 11C‐Choline or 68Ga‐prostate‐specific membrane antigen (68Ga‐PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan, followed by targeted transperineal biopsy of the prostate and SVs. Isolated SV recurrence were identified in 17 (0.38%) LDR‐PB patients. These 17 patients were offered RA‐SVE.ResultsThe median total operative time was 90 min and blood loss 50 mL with no postoperative transfusions required. The median hospital stay was 1 day. No intra‐ or postoperative complications were documented. Continence status was unaffected, no patient required urinary pads. Postoperative pathology confirmed SV invasion in all specimens. Surgical margins were positive in seven (41%) patients. All patients had at least one positive imaging study, although three (18%) mp‐MRI and five (29%) PET/CT assessments were negative. One (6%) pre‐SVE biopsy was also negative but with positive imaging. Salvage SVE failure, defined as three consecutive PSA rises or the need for further treatment, occurred in six patients of whom three had a positive margin. Overall failure‐free survival rates were 86%, 67%, and 53% at 1, 2, and 3 years after SVE, respectively.ConclusionsSalvage RA‐SVE appears to be a safe focal treatment, with very low morbidity, for patients with localised SV recurrence after LDR‐PB. It permits deferral of androgen deprivation therapy in selected patients. Bilateral SVE is mandatory. This surgical option should be considered in patients with isolated prostate cancer recurrence to the SV.
Prevalence and risk factors of musculoskeletal pain in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review
Authors: Latiers Fabien , Vandenabeele Marie , Poncin William , Reychler Gregory 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to discuss the prevalence and the risk factors of the musculoskeletal pain in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Data source and study selectionFour databases were analysed (Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE). We excluded systematic reviews, meta‐analyses, conference abstracts and case reports. Two authors independently checked for the eligibility of the relevant articles. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. The selection and evaluation of studies followed the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsTwenty studies were retrieved, including from 21 to 7952 patients with COPD. The prevalence of pain was highly heterogeneous across studies: 7–89.7%. Pain was mostly reported in the lumbar (7–69%) and cervical spine (11–48.3%) and the chest (44–82.8%). The main risk factors for developing pain were old age, sex (female), level of physical activity (low) and comorbidities.ConclusionPain is a very common symptom in patients with COPD. Despite this, few clinical trials have investigated the pain. It appears to be located primarily in the lumbar, cervical and thoracic regions and facilitated by being a female, a low level of physical activity, comorbidity(ies) and old age.
RangeShiftR: an R package for individual‐based simulation of spatial eco‐evolutionary dynamics and species' responses to environmental changes
Authors: Malchow Anne‐Kathleen , Bocedi Greta , Palmer Stephen C. F. , Travis Justin M. J. , Zurell Damaris 
Published: August 2021

Reliably modelling the demographic and distributional responses of a species to environmental changes can be crucial for successful conservation and management planning. Process‐based models have the potential to achieve this goal, but so far they remain underused for predictions of species' distributions. Individual‐based models offer the additional capability to model inter‐individual variation and evolutionary dynamics and thus capture adaptive responses to environmental change.We present RangeShiftR, an R implementation of a flexible individual‐based modelling platform which simulates eco‐evolutionary dynamics in a spatially explicit way. The package provides flexible and fast simulations by making the software RangeShifter available for the widely used statistical programming platform R. The package features additional auxiliary functions to support model specification and analysis of results. We provide an outline of the package's functionality, describe the underlying model structure with its main components and present a short example.RangeShiftR offers substantial model complexity, especially for the demographic and dispersal processes. It comes with elaborate tutorials and comprehensive documentation to facilitate learning the software and provide help at all levels. As the core code is implemented in C++, the computations are fast. The complete source code is published under a public licence, making adaptations and contributions feasible.The RangeShiftR package facilitates the application of individual‐based and mechanistic modelling to eco‐evolutionary questions by operating a flexible and powerful simulation model from R. It allows effortless interoperation with existing packages to create streamlined workflows that can include data preparation, integrated model specification and results analysis. Moreover, the implementation in R strengthens the potential for coupling RangeShiftR with other models.
Mechanisms of succession between two Silphidae, Necrophila japonica and Nicrophorus concolor on small vertebrate carcasses
Authors: Ito Minobu 
Published: August 2021

1. In carrion insect communities, facilitation and processing chain models, in which carcass feeding by early colonists facilitates colonisation by later colonists, have been regarded as the succession mechanisms without sufficient empirical evidence. Although the two models are similar, the processing chain model also assumes a facilitation process independent of early colonists.2. To reveal the succession mechanisms, field experiments focusing on two silphids, Necrophila japonica, early colonist, and Nicrophorus concolor, later colonist, were conducted.3. I controlled carcass feeding by Ne. japonica by introducing different numbers of them to carcasses in the field to address three questions: (i) whether the introduction promoted Ni. concolor colonisation, (ii) whether the introduction affected Ni. concolor carcass utilisation, and (iii) whether Ni. concolor colonisation affected the introduced Ne. japonica.4. Although Ne. japonica introduction hastened colonisation by Ni. concolor, Ni. concolor colonisation did not depend on Ne. japonica, as assumed by the facilitation model because, due to normal carcass decomposition, it occurred on carcasses that Ne. japonica had not fed on, as assumed by the processing chain model.5. Carcasses with more Ne. japonica feeding was utilised by Ni. concolor for feeding rather than reproduction. After arrival, Ni. concolor excluded Ne. japonica from carcasses.6. These results suggested that succession between Ne. japonica and Ni. concolor may be driven by the processing chain model and interference competition.
No rest for the weary: Prevalence, impact and nature of sleep problems among young people at risk of psychosis
Authors: Nuzum Eleanor , Hammoud Ryan , Spencer Tom , Akande Isaac , Tognin Stefania 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsSleep problems are common in people with a psychosis‐spectrum diagnosis and are associated with worse psychotic symptoms and lower quality of life. Sleep problems are also frequent in individuals at a clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR‐P) however, less is known about the prevalence and association with symptoms in this population. This study investigates the prevalence of sleep problems within CHR‐P individuals and the associations with attenuated positive symptoms, transition to psychosis, time to transition to psychosis and functioning.MethodsThe clinical records interactive search (CRIS) tool was used to carry out a retrospective study of 795 CHR‐P individuals. Sleep problems, subsequent psychotic diagnoses, attenuated positive symptoms and Health of The Nation Outcome Scale scores were extracted. Regression models were used to examine the association between sleep problems and clinical outcomes.Results59.5% of CHR‐P individuals experienced sleep problems. Perceptual abnormality severity (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.05–1.48) and frequency (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.08–1.58) as measured by the Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental State interview, predicted sleep problems. Sleep problems were not associated with transition to psychosis; however, they were significantly associated with a shorter time to transition in individuals who developed psychosis (HR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.05–1.88) and higher follow‐up Health of the Nation Outcome Scale scores (MD = 2.26, 95% CI = 0.55–3.96).ConclusionsThe high prevalence of sleep problems, along with the association with positive symptoms and worse functioning, highlights the need for effective sleep interventions in this population. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between sleep problems and transition to psychosis.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of responsive neurostimulation for drug‐resistant focal onset epilepsy
Authors: Youngerman Brett E. , Mahajan Uma V. , Dyster Timothy G. , Srinivasan Shraddha , Halpern Casey H. , McKhann Guy M. , Sheth Sameer A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluated the incremental cost‐effectiveness of responsive neurostimulation (RNS) therapy for management of medically refractory focal onset seizures compared to pharmacotherapy alone.MethodsWe created and analyzed a decision model for treatment with RNS therapy versus pharmacotherapy using a semi‐Markov process. We adopted a public payer perspective and used the maximum duration of 9 years in the RNS long‐term follow‐up study as the time horizon. We used seizure frequency data to model changes in quality of life and estimated the impact of RNS therapy on the annual direct costs of epilepsy care. The model also included expected mortality, adverse events, and costs related to system implantation, programming, and replacement. We interpreted our results against societal willingness‐to‐pay thresholds of $50 000, $100 000, and $200 000 per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY).ResultsBased on three different calculated utility value estimates, the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) for RNS therapy (with continued pharmacotherapy) compared to pharmacotherapy alone ranged between $28 825 and $46 596. Multiple sensitivity analyses yielded ICERs often below $50 000 per QALY and consistently below $100 000/QALY.SignificanceModeling based on 9 years of available data demonstrates that RNS therapy for medically refractory epilepsy very likely falls within the range of cost‐effectiveness, depending on method of utility estimation, variability in model inputs, and willingness‐to‐pay threshold. Several factors favor improved cost‐effectiveness in the future. Given the increasing focus on delivering cost‐effective care, we hope that this analysis will help inform clinical decision‐making for this surgical option for refractory epilepsy.
Screening for bovine papillomavirus type 13 (BPV13) in a European population of sarcoid‐bearing equids
Authors: Jindra Christoph , Kamjunke Ann‐Kristin , Jones Sarah , Brandt Sabine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundBovine papillomavirus types 1 and 2 (BPV1 and BPV2) are accepted aetiological agents of equine sarcoids. Recently, genetically similar BPV13 has been identified from equine sarcoids in Brazil.ObjectivesTo determine whether BPV13 DNA can be also found in sarcoid‐affected horses in Austria, and donkeys in Northern Italy and the UK, and should hence be considered in the context of vaccine‐mediated sarcoid prevention.Study designCross sectional study.MethodsA total of 194 archival, equine and asinine DNA isolates derived from confirmedly delta‐BPV‐positive tumours were subjected to quality control by photometric analysis and equine beta‐actin PCR. Isolates with DNA concentrations >0.9 ng/µl and confirmed PCR‐compatibility (n = 135) were subsequently screened for the presence of BPV13 DNA using BPV13‐specific PCR primers for amplification of a 771 bp region comprising the BPV13 E5 gene.ResultsBPV13 E5 PCR scored negative for all 135 samples. Included positive, negative and no‐template controls yielded anticipated results, thus confirming reliability of obtained data.Main limitationsModerate number of tested tumour DNA extracts (n = 135; equivalent to 127 tumour‐affected equids).ConclusionsDespite its moderate size, the sample was considered representative enough to suggest a low occurrence of BPV13 in Austria, as it randomly comprised equine patients of different breed, age, gender, and European provenience. BPV13 was not associated with tested sarcoids in rescued donkeys originating from several other European countries. Large‐scale BPV13 screenings are necessary to allow for a more precise estimation of the prevalence and distribution of BPV13 infections in European equids suffering from sarcoid disease.
Sex and heredity are determinants of drug intake in a novel model of rat oral oxycodone self‐administration
Authors: Sharp Burt M. , Fan Xinyu , Redei Eva E. , Mulligan Megan K. , Chen Hao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe steady rise in prescription opioids such as oxycodone has led to a virulent epidemic of widespread abuse and deaths in the United States; approximately 80% of affected individuals initiate the habitual use of oxycodone by using prescription oral oxycodone. Given the importance of drug pharmacokinetics in determining abuse potential, we designed an oral operant oxycodone self‐administration (SA) procedure in rats to model drug intake by most human users/abusers of oxycodone. Key aspects of the model include limited initial drug intake followed by increasing drug concentrations during extended 4‐h sessions on alternating days. Sex and genetic predisposition are major determinants of human opiate abuse. Therefore, we studied females in seven inbred strains (WLI, WMI, LEW, DSS, F344, BN and SHR) and both sexes in three of these strains. All strains increased intake across serially increasing doses (0.025–0.2 mg/ml; p < 0.001): the range of intakes at the final concentration of oxycodone was 0.72 ± 0.17–4.84 ± 1.42 mg/kg (mean ± SEM) ‐ a 6.7‐fold difference across strains. In LEW, WLI and WMI strains, oxycodone intake increased significantly across all sessions in both sexes. However, in LEW and WMI male rats but not WLI, daily oxycodone intake was significantly lower across all 4‐h sessions than females (p < 0.005). The estimated heritability in oxycodone intake was in the range of 0.21–0.41. In summary, our novel operant oral oxycodone SA model captures the strong abuse potential of oral oxycodone and shows dose, sex and strain‐specific drug intake that is significantly dependent on heredity.
THE NEW PRUSSIAN RENAISSANCE: LITERARY COMMEMORATIONS OF QUEEN LUISE
Authors: Beckwith Rhoslyn 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIn the wake of World War Two, Germany abandoned its onetime national idols, including Queen Luise of Prussia (1776–1810). Yet despite assertions that her legend has become obsolete (Förster, 2011), contemporary writers are rediscovering Queen Luise following the renaissance of interest in Prussia during the first ‘Prussian Wave’ (1977–82) and the ‘Prussian Year’ of 2001. This article argues that she is being repurposed by what I term a ‘third wave’ of Prussian nostalgia currently occurring in Germany. Drawing on memory studies and nostalgia studies, I argue that Queen Luise can be considered a ‘lieu de mémoire’ (Nora, 1984) whose changing commemorations reflect modulating perspectives on the Prussian era during the twentieth and twenty‐first centuries. The article provides an overview of the rediscovery of Prussian history before analysing three representative texts that reflect shifting attitudes towards Prussia and the Queen: Gertrud Mander's conventional biography Königin Luise (1981), Friedrich Christian Delius's novel, Der Königsmacher (2001), which features a cameo appearance from the Queen, and Thomas Hettche's fictional account of the early nineteenth‐century Pfaueninsel in Berlin‐Wannsee, Pfaueninsel (2014). I propose that these commemorations reflect both the twenty‐first century trend for nostalgia (Boym, 2001), as well as a tendency towards ‘perverse nostalgia’ (Kohlke, 2017).
The effects of endodontic access cavity design on dentine removal and effectiveness of canal instrumentation in maxillary molars
Authors: Wang Dan , Wang Wei , Li Yu‐Jiao , Wang Yi‐Rong , Hong Tao , Bai Shi‐Zhu , Tian Yu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate in a laboratory setting, the impact of three designs of endodontic access cavities on dentine removal and effectiveness of canal instrumentation in extracted maxillary first molars using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT).MethodologyA total of 30 extracted intact maxillary first molars were selected and scanned by micro‐CT with a voxel size of 24 µm and randomly distributed into three groups: the traditional endodontic cavity (TEC) group, the conservative endodontic cavity (CEC) group and the guided endodontic cavity (GEC) group. The pulp chambers of teeth in the groups were accessed accordingly. After root canal preparation, the teeth were rescanned. The volume of dentine removed after canal preparation, the noninstrumented canal areas, canal transportation and centring ratio were analysed. Data were analysed statistically using one‐way analysis of variance. Tukey's post hoc test was used for multiple comparisons. The significance level was set at p < .05.ResultsThe total volume of dentine removed was significantly greater in the TEC group after root canal preparation (p < .05). No significant differences in the volume of dentine removed occurred between the CEC and GEC groups (p > .05). The volume of dentine removed in the crown, pericervical dentine and coronal third of the canal was significantly lower in CEC and GEC groups when compared to that in the TEC group (p < .05), no difference was observed in the middle third of the canal and apical third of the canal amongst the three groups (p > .05). There was no significant difference in noninstrumented canal area, canal transportation and centring ratio amongst the TEC, CEC and GEC groups (p > .05).ConclusionsIn extracted maxillary molars tested in a laboratory setting, CEC and GEC preserved more tooth tissue in the crown, pericervical dentine and coronal third of the canal compared with TEC after root canal preparation. The design of the endodontic access cavity did not impact on the effectiveness of canal instrumentation in terms of noninstrumented canal area, canal transportation and centring ratio.
Hinge influences in murine IgG binding to Cryptococcus neoformans capsule
Authors: Oliveira Diane Sthefany Lima de , Paredes Verenice , Caixeta Adrielle Veloso , Henriques Nicole Moreira , Wear Maggie P. , Albuquerque Patrícia , Felipe Maria Sueli Soares , Casadevall Arturo , Nicola André Moraes 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDecades of studies on antibody structure led to the tenet that the V region binds antigens while the C region interacts with immune effectors. In some antibodies, however, the C region affects affinity and/or specificity for the antigen. One example is the 3E5 monoclonal murine IgG family, in which the mIgG3 isotype has different fine specificity to the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule polysaccharide than the other mIgG isotypes despite their identical variable sequences. Our group serendipitously found another pair of mIgG1/mIgG3 antibodies based on the 2H1 hybridoma to the C. neoformans capsule that recapitulated the differences observed with 3E5. In this work, we report the molecular basis of the constant domain effects on antigen binding using recombinant antibodies. As with 3E5, immunofluorescence experiments show a punctate pattern for 2H1‐mIgG3 and an annular pattern for 2H1‐mIgG1; these binding patterns have been associated with protective efficacy in murine cryptococcosis. Also as observed with 3E5, 2H1‐mIgG3 bound on ELISA to both acetylated and non‐acetylated capsular polysaccharide, whereas 2H1‐mIgG1 only bound well to the acetylated form, consistent with differences in fine specificity. In engineering hybrid mIgG1/mIgG3 antibodies, we found that switching the 2H1‐mIgG3 hinge for its mIgG1 counterpart changed the immunofluorescence pattern to annular, but a 2H1‐mIgG1 antibody with an mIgG3 hinge still had an annular pattern. The hinge is thus necessary but not sufficient for these changes in binding to the antigen. This important role for the constant region in antigen binding could affect antibody biology and engineering.
Patterns of mutual exclusivity and retention: A study of monolingual and bilingual 2‐year‐olds
Authors: Rocha‐Hidalgo Joscelin , Feller Mary , Blanchfield Olivia A. , Kucker Sarah C. , Barr Rachel F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhen children learn their native language, they tend to treat objects as if they only have one label—a principle known as mutual exclusivity. However, bilingual children are faced with a different cognitive challenge—they need to learn to associate two labels with one object. In the present study, we compared bilingual and monolingual 24‐month‐olds’ performance on a challenging and semi‐naturalistic forced‐choice referent selection task and retention test. Overall, both language groups performed similarly on referent selection but differed on retention. Specifically, while monolingual infants showed some retention, bilingual infants performed at chance and significantly worse than their monolingual peers.
Beyond popularity: A user perspective on observable behaviours in a digital platform
Authors: Kunst Katrine , Ringberg Torsten , Vatrapu Ravi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe opinions and behaviours of others are recognised as powerful mechanisms for social influence in the digital sphere. The former, often referred to as electronic word of mouth (eWOM), is a thoroughly researched topic in the Information Systems literature. Conversely, the digital display of users' behaviours (e.g., number of past purchases) is less well understood despite the widespread adoption of this practice on digital platforms. Quantitative research has explored this interesting domain and found that observing others' behaviours entice observers to follow suit, but has left unaddressed the question of what sensemaking users derive from behavioural information. This is problematic as behavioural information is more open to interpretation compared to eWOM. In this article, we adopt the concept of electronic word of behaviour (eWOB) to denote such behavioural information. Through the lens of basic psychological needs theory and the qualitative means‐end chain approach, we expose how eWOB is interpreted and used by users of a digital platform, the music service Spotify. We find that eWOB leads to satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for relatedness and competence when observing others' behaviours. We also show how exposure to one's own past behaviours can yield a positive sense of self when presented in meaningful and private manners, but that it can also negatively impact users when their needs for autonomy and competence are not heeded by the digital platform. Finally, based on our empirical findings we offer a set of design implications for how digital platforms can optimise the use of eWOB.