bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-uniform ergodic properties of Hamiltonian flows with impacts
Authors: FRĄCZEK KRZYSZTOF , ROM-KEDAR VERED 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ergodic properties of two uncoupled oscillators, one horizontal and one vertical, residing in a class of non-rectangular star-shaped polygons with only vertical and horizontal boundaries and impacting elastically from its boundaries are studied. We prove that the iso-energy level sets topology changes non-trivially; the flow on level sets is always conjugated to a translation flow on a translation surface, yet, for some segments of partial energies the genus of the surface is strictly greater than
$1$
. When at least one of the oscillators is unharmonic, or when both are harmonic and non-resonant, we prove that for almost all partial energies, including the impacting ones, the flow on level sets is uniquely ergodic. When both oscillators are harmonic and resonant, we prove that there exist intervals of partial energies on which periodic ribbons and additional ergodic components coexist. We prove that for almost all partial energies in such segments the motion is uniquely ergodic on the part of the level set that is not occupied by the periodic ribbons. This implies that ergodic averages project to piecewise smooth weighted averages in the configuration space.
Influence of work design and work status on part-time employees' inclusion and work engagement: some Australian evidence
Authors: Sarich Jennifer , Kiffin-Petersen Sandra , Soutar Geoff 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIncreasing numbers of people are working part-time (PT) hours, sometimes involuntarily (IPT). Australia has the fourth highest percentage of PT employees among Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries (26%). This study examines relationships between work design factors and workplace inclusion for PT employees and identifies how perceived inclusion and work engagement of PT and IPT employees compares with full-time (FT) employees. Data were collected using an online questionnaire distributed to employees in Australia. A part-time work design model was developed and tested across two independent samples using partial least squares. Results suggest that PT and IPT employees feel less included in the workplace compared to FT employees. PT employees also perceive their roles to be less task interdependent. A key finding was that PT employees' perceived inclusion was related to proactive behaviors, autonomy, and job crafting, in addition to hours worked. Implications for the management of PT employees are discussed.
Italy's first ONB Alpine colonia climatica: more than fresh air, exercise, and propaganda?
Authors: Muschamp Amy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBy the end of the 1930s in Italy, ambitious winter and summer camps or colonie cimatiche for the young had been erected along Italy's coastline and in its Alpine resorts. Here, thousands of Italian children from the country's urban centres were sent to experience a regime of fresh air, exercise and Fascist propaganda. The small village of Fai in the autonomous province of Trento in the Italian Alps was home to the first such Alpine colonia managed by the Italian Fascist youth organisation, the Opera Nazionale Balilla. Through an examination of a range of contemporary Italian publications, this article will reveal how the Alpine colonia climatica went beyond its official remit of ‘climatic assistance to childhood’. It offers evidence of the Fascist regime's exploitation of these establishments in newly-annexed Trentino as a tool to unify and italianise, and argues that they were used to promote a militarised view of the national landscape.
RADIOCARBON AND ATMOSPHERIC14CO2PIONEER ATHOL RAFTER
Authors: Turnbull Jocelyn C , Lowe Dave C , Manning Martin R , Sparks Rodger 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTDirect atmospheric14CO2measurements began in New Zealand in 1954, initially to improve14C as a dating tool, but quickly evolving into a method for understanding the carbon cycle. These early14CO2measurements immediately demonstrated the existence of an “Atom Bomb Effect,” as well as an “Industrial Effect.” These two gigantic tracer experiments have been utilized via14CO2measurements over the years to produce a wealth of knowledge in multiple research fields including atmospheric carbon cycle research, oceanography, soil science, and aging of post-bomb materials.
Whose Museum Is It? Jewish Museums and Indigenous Theory
Authors: Feller Yaniv 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAre museums places about a community or for the community? This article addresses this question by bringing into conversation Jewish museums and Indigenous museum theory, with special attention paid to two major institutions: the Jewish Museum Berlin and the National Museum of the American Indian. The JMB’s exhibitions and the controversies surrounding them, I contend, allow us to see the limits of rhetorical sovereignty, namely the ability and right of a community to determine the narrative. The comparison between Indigenous and Jewish museal practices is grounded in the idea of multidirectional memory. Stories of origins in museums, foundational to a community’s self-understanding, are analyzed as expressions of rhetorical sovereignty. The last section expands the discussion to the public sphere by looking at the debates that led to the resignation of Peter Schäfer, the JMB’s former director, following a series of events that were construed as anti-Israeli and hence, so was the argument, anti-Jewish. These claims are based on two narrow conceptions: First, that of the source community that makes a claim for the museum. Second, on the equation of Jewishness with a pro-Israeli stance. Taken together, the presentation of origins and the public debate show the limits of rhetorical sovereignty by exposing the contested dynamics of community claims. Ultimately, I suggest, museums should be seen not only as a site for contestation about communal voice, but as a space for constituting the community.
Getting By: Neoliberal Governmentality and the Lack of Success in Instilling Financial Self-Reliance
Authors: CHONG YEN KIAT 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Short-To-Medium-Term Assistance (SMTA) is a state programme in Singapore providing financial, employment and other assistance to individuals in financial need. SMTA frames the resources that it provides as a temporary form of support that applicants should use to regain their financial self-reliance through employment. Drawing on eleven months of ethnographic fieldwork, this article identifies two forms of self-reliance which differ from the objective of the programme. First, informants worked to receive assistance by convincing Social Service Office (SSO) officers of their financial need; they further approached their Members of Parliament (MPs) to enhance the approval of their assistance. Second, informants worked to find jobs on their own rather than accept job recommendations from SSO officers and career consultants. The different forms of self-reliance illustrate the agency of informants to get by, which contrasts with the agency resource embedded in the neoliberal governmentality of SMTA. These ethnographic insights indicate that SMTA was unsuccessful in directing informants to work and achieve financial self-reliance.
Seroepidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infections in an urban population-based cohort in León, Nicaragua
Authors: González Fredman , Vielot Nadja A. , Sciaudone Michael , Toval-Ruíz Christian , Premkumar Lakshmanane , Gutierrez Lester , Cuadra Edwing Centeno , Munguia Nancy , Blandón Patricia , de Silva Aravinda M. , Rubinstein Rebecca , Bowman Natalie , Becker-Dreps Sylvia , Bucardo Filemon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In a Nicaraguan population-based cohort, SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence reached 28% in the first 6 months of the country's epidemic and reached 35% 6 months later. Immune waning was uncommon. Individuals with a seropositive household member were over three times as likely to be seropositive themselves, suggesting the importance of household transmission.
Topographical effect of the Antarctic Peninsula on a strong wind event
Authors: Kwon Hataek , Kim Seong-Joong , Kim Sang-Woo , Kim Sinu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe topographical effect on a strong wind event that occurred on 7 January 2013 at King Sejong Station (KSJ), Antarctica, was investigated using the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Numerical experiments applying three different terrain heights of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) were performed to quantitatively estimate the topographical effect on the selected strong wind event. The experiment employing original AP topography successfully represented the observed features in the strong wind event, both in terms of peak wind speed (by ~94%; ~19.7 m/s) and abrupt transitions of wind speed. In contrast, the experiment with a flattened terrain height significantly underestimated the peak wind speeds (by ~51%; ~10.4 m/s) of the observations. An absence of AP topography failed to simulate both a strong discontinuity of sea-level pressure fields around the east coast of the AP and a strong south-easterly wind over the AP. As a result, the observed downslope windstorm, driven by a flow overriding a barrier, was not formed at the western side of the AP, resulting in no further enhancement of the wind at KSJ. This result demonstrates that the topography of the AP played a critical role in driving the strong wind event at KSJ on 7 January 2013, accounting for ~50% of the total wind speed.
Purified proteases of two Antarctic bacteria: from screening to characterization
Authors: Peralta-Figueroa Christian , Martínez-Oyanedel José , Bunster Marta , González-Rocha Gerardo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProteases are widely used in industrial processes, and the discovery of new, more kinetically efficient proteases can have a positive impact on industry. Enzymes from Antarctic microorganisms exhibit cold-adaptive properties, making them useful in biotechnology. The cold and harsh environment of Antarctica makes it a valuable source for new biotechnologically related enzymes. In this study, we characterized two cold-adapted proteases purified from Pseudoalteromonas issachenkonii P14M1-4 and Flavobacterium frigidimaris ANT34-7, isolated from King George Island, Antarctica, and compared these with proteases from the non-cold-adapted bacteria Bacillus licheniformis and Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The best temperature growing conditions were used for protease purification and characterization. The protease from P. issachenkonii P14M1-4 was identified as a 40–43 kDa metal-dependent subtilisin-like serine protease and the protease from F. frigidimaris ANT34-7 was identified as a 28 kDa metalloprotease. The enzymes showed an optimum temperature of between 35°C and 40°C and an optimum pH in the neutral to alkaline range. Their activation energies, catalytic constants and growth capacities at different temperatures categorize them as cold-adapted enzymes. We conclude that the characteristics exhibited by these proteases make them useful for biotechnological purposes requiring high activity at low temperatures. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first characterization of a cold-adapted protease from F. frigidimaris.
Experimental comparison of absorber and conductive floor automotive near field antenna measurement systems
Authors: Saccardi F. , Mioc F. , Scannavini A. , Iversen P. O. , Estrada J. , Edgerton M. , Graham J. A. , Foged L. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLarge truncated spherical near-field systems with conductive or absorbing floors are typically used in the measurement of the performances of vehicle-installed antennas. The main advantage of conductive floor systems is the ease of accommodation of the vehicle under test, but their performances are affected by the interaction with the reflecting ground floor. Instead, absorbing-based systems emulating free-space conditions minimize the effect of the interaction with the floor, but generally require longer setup times, especially at lower frequencies (70–400 MHz), where bulky absorbers are typically used to improve reflectivity levels. Considering scaled measurements of a vehicle model, the performances of these two typical implementations are analyzed in the 84–1500 MHz range and compared to free-space measurements. Absorbers with different dimensions and reflectivity have been installed in the scaled measurement setup, and measured data have been investigated with proper post-processing to verify the applicability to realistic systems. Figures of merit of interest for automotive applications, like gain and partial radiated powers, have been compared to free-space to evaluate the impact of different scenarios.
Foraminiferal Mn/Ca as Bottom‐Water Hypoxia Proxy: An Assessment of Nonionella stella in the Santa Barbara Basin, USA
Authors: Brinkmann I. , Ni S. , Schweizer M. , Oldham V. E. , Quintana Krupinski N. B. , Medjoubi K. , Somogyi A. , Whitehouse M. J. , Hansel C. M. , Barras C. , Bernhard J. M. , Filipsson H. L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHypoxia is of increasing concern in marine areas, calling for a better understanding of mechanisms leading to decreasing dissolved oxygen concentrations ([O2]). Much can be learned about the processes and implications of deoxygenation for marine ecosystems using proxy records from low‐oxygen sites, provided proxies, such as the manganese (Mn) to calcium (Ca) ratio in benthic foraminiferal calcite, are available and well calibrated. Here we report a modern geochemical data set from three hypoxic sites within the Santa Barbara Basin (SBB), USA, where we study the response of Mn/Caforam in the benthic foraminifer Nonionella stella to variations in sedimentary redox conditions (Mn, Fe) and bottom‐water dissolved [O2]. We combine molecular species identification by small subunit rDNA sequencing with morphological characterization and assign the SBB N. stella used here to a new phylotype (T6). Synchrotron‐based scanning X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) show low Mn incorporation (partition coefficient DMn < 0.05) and limited proxy sensitivity of N. stella, at least within the range of dissolved [O2] (2.7–9.6 μmol/l) and Mnpore‐water gradients (2.12–21.59 μmol/l). Notably, even though intra‐ and interspecimen Mn/Ca variability (33% and 58%, respectively) was only partially controlled by the environment, Mn/Caforam significantly correlated with both pore‐water Mn and bottom‐water [O2]. However, the prevalent suboxic bottom‐water conditions and limited dissolved [O2] range complicate the interpretation of trace‐elemental trends. Additional work involving other oxygenation proxies and samples from a wider oxygen gradient should be pursued to further develop foraminiferal Mn/Ca as an indicator for hypoxic conditions.
Machine Learning Uncovers Aerosol Size Information From Chemistry and Meteorology to Quantify Potential Cloud‐Forming Particles
Authors: Nair Arshad Arjunan , Yu Fangqun , Campuzano‐Jost Pedro , DeMott Paul J. , Levin Ezra J. T. , Jimenez Jose L. , Peischl Jeff , Pollack Ilana B. , Fredrickson Carley D. , Beyersdorf Andreas J. , Nault Benjamin A. , Park Minsu , Yum Seong Soo , Palm Brett B. , Xu Lu , Bourgeois Ilann , Anderson Bruce E. , Nenes Athanasios , Ziemba Luke D. , Moore Richard H. , Lee Taehyoung , Park Taehyun , Thompson Chelsea R. , Flocke Frank , Huey Lewis Gregory , Kim Michelle J. , Peng Qiaoyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are mediators of aerosol‐cloud interactions, which contribute to the largest uncertainty in climate change prediction. Here, we present a machine learning (ML)/artificial intelligence (AI) model that quantifies CCN from model‐simulated aerosol composition, atmospheric trace gas, and meteorological variables. Comprehensive multi‐campaign airborne measurements, covering varied physicochemical regimes in the troposphere, confirm the validity of and help probe the inner workings of this ML model: revealing for the first time that different ranges of atmospheric aerosol composition and mass correspond to distinct aerosol number size distributions. ML extracts this information, important for accurate quantification of CCN, additionally from both chemistry and meteorology. This can provide a physicochemically explainable, computationally efficient, robust ML pathway in global climate models that only resolve aerosol composition; potentially mitigating the uncertainty of effective radiative forcing due to aerosol‐cloud interactions (ERFaci) and improving confidence in assessment of anthropogenic contributions and climate change projections.
Electromagnetic Characteristics of Upward Leader Initiated From the Canton Tower: A Comparison With Rocket‐Triggered Lightning
Authors: Fan Yanfeng , Lyu Weitao , Lu Gaopeng , Wu Bin , Qi Qi , Zhang Yang , Ma Ying , Lyu Fanchao , Chen Lyuwen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBy using the synchronous observation data obtained at the Tall‐Object Lightning Observatory in Guangzhou (TOLOG) of 2019, the electromagnetic characteristics of upward positive leader (UPL) ascending from the 600‐m high Canton Tower are examined, and are compared with the magnetic field (B‐field) radiation of UPL in rocket‐triggered lightning. Before the inception of sustained UPL, small electric field (E‐field) pulses are superposed on the fast E‐field changes. The timescale of B‐field pulses corresponding to the E‐field pulses ranges from 5 to 9 μs, and the inter‐pulse interval is about 30 μs, which are both similar to the B‐field pulses associated with the precursors of rocket‐triggered lightning. Measurements show that the precursor‐like stage is likely common for upward lightning initiated from the Canton Tower. Moreover, the UPL channel of tower‐initiated upward lightning extends significantly in the first several ms with the initial average two‐dimensional (2‐D) velocity of 8.77 × 105 m/s (3‐D velocity of 11.0 × 105 m/s), which is one order of magnitude faster than the UPL initiated from the wire tip of rocket‐triggered lightning, indicating that initiation of UPL from Canton Tower benefits from a substantial E‐field enhancement of nearby lightning discharges. However, this favorable condition is rapidly consumed during the UPL development, causing the average 2‐D velocity of UPL to decrease rapidly and maintain at about 0.5 × 105 m/s. It is noted that the variation in the 2‐D speed of sustained UPL differs from tower‐initiated upward lightning reported in the literature, which is possibly associated with the physical and geometric properties of the tower.
Controlling Factors of Historical Variation of Winter Tibetan Plateau Snow Cover Revealed by Large‐Ensemble Experiments
Authors: Li Shixue , Sato Tomonori , Nakamura Tetsu , Liu Xiaoyue , Guo Wenkai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the factors controlling the interannual variability of Tibetan Plateau snow cover (TPSC) in winter using large‐ensemble simulations. Composite analysis reveals that years with high TPSC are associated with a positive Arctic Oscillation (AO)‐like pattern in which a strengthened subtropical westerly enhances zonal water vapor flux, resulting in greater precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau. Observations and simulations commonly show that TPSC tends to be high during the positive phase of AO, and vice versa. Meanwhile, the magnitude of the contribution of tropical sea surface temperature (SST) to TPSC is different based on observations and simulations. Observations indicate that TPSC is insensitive to El Niño/La Niña events, whereas the simulated ensemble mean TPSC is correlated strongly with Niño 3.4 SST index. In El Niño years, higher specific humidity and more numerous synoptic disturbances are found around the Tibetan Plateau. As several ensemble members show features close to those observed, the observed insensitivity of TPSC to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events is considered attributable to the limited sample size of the observations. This is corroborated in the analysis for a relatively short period, in which the observed TPSC is sensitive to ENSO. Comparison of the results of the historical simulations with those of the simulations without warming suggests that global warming has reduced the snow‐to‐rain ratio over the Tibetan Plateau, which is compensated by the overall increase in precipitation. Consequently, the impact of global warming on TPSC was negligibly weak until the 2000s.
Quasi‐2‐Day and Diurnal Cloud Variation Timescales Over Convectively Active Regions
Authors: Yu Hungjui , Rasmussen Kristen L. , Kuo Hung‐Chi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClimatological features of the cloud variability on quasi‐2‐day (Q2D) and diurnal cycle (DC) timescales are investigated by utilizing the high‐resolution satellite infrared brightness temperature (IRBT) observations from January 1998 to December 2019. A distinct land‐sea contrast between the distributions of Q2D and DC signals is evident. Diurnally driven cloud activity mainly occurs over land and mountainous regions, and the Q2D timescale is more prominent over tropical ocean basins and land where organized convection is usually observed, for example, Congo and Amazon Rainforests, the United States and subtropical South America during warm seasons. The long‐term relationship between the Q2D variability and sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the clouds are more active on Q2D timescales over higher SST environments. The Q2D variability correlates well with both the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) from 1998 to 2019. The cloud variability associated with a range of convective available potential energy (CAPE) values is analyzed. The result over land shows that increased Q2D cloud variability emerges with higher CAPE, suggesting the coincidence of Q2D and organized convection, particularly given that this effect is strongest over regions with frequent mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) around the world. The cloud variability and the Q2D timescale analyses provide an alternative perspective to understand the global features of mesoscale convective systems. Overall, this study objectively examines the global variability of convective timescales related to the diurnal cycle and longer‐lived convective systems to provide a greater understanding of how the global convection population varies in space and time.