bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discriminating symbiosis and immunity signals by receptor competition in rice
Authors: Zhang Chi , He Jiangman , Dai Huiling , Wang Gang , Zhang Xiaowei , Wang Chao , Shi Jincai , Chen Xi , Wang Dapeng , Wang Ertao 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Plant adaptation in nature relies on the appropriate response to symbiotic and pathogenic microbes. Chitin is an important component of the mycorrhizal fungi cell wall and a major microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP), which can activate pattern recognition receptors and trigger plant immunity. How MAMP-triggered immunity is suppressed by symbiotic fungi to establish symbiosis remains elusive. Here, we found that the CO4 (Chitotetraose) symbiotic receptor OsMYR1 cannot only initiate symbiotic signaling but also can repress rice immunity by depleting the receptor-like kinase OsCERK1, thereby preventing the formation of the immunity complex OsCERK1–OsCEBiP. We propose that receptor competition for OsCERK1 in rice underlies a switch that discerns defense and symbiotic signals.
Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth).
Authors: Tobin Patrick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The gypsy moth is likely to ultimately occupy virtually all portions of the temperate world where oaks and other suitable host plants occur. Consequently, the northern hemisphere is more at risk for establishment than the southern hemisphere though some suitable hosts do occur in these areas. The gypsy moth is apparently not able to persist in very cold (e.g. Finland) or warm (subtropical to tropical) regions. The gypsy moth is a 'proven' invader. The broad range of host plants that it utilizes (Liebhold et al. 1995), along with its high reproductive rate combine to make this insect a very successful invader of many types of forest and urban landscapes. Another characteristic that contributes to the gypsy moth's invasiveness is its propensity to be transported on human-made objects (e.g., egg masses can be laid on vehicles, logs, etc.). Perhaps the greatest limitation this species has as an invader is that females (of the European strain) are incapable of flight and this limits its rate of unassisted range expansion. However, as females of the Asian strain are capable of flight and all strains can lay their eggs on human-made objects, established populations are nevertheless able to spread.
Photoelectron angular distribution studies for two spin–orbit-split components of Xe 3d subshell: a critical comparison between theory and experiment
Authors: Minemoto S , Teramoto T , Majima T , Mizuno T , Mun J H , Park S H , Kwon S , Yagishita A , Toffoli D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The photoelectron angular distribution asymmetry parameters β of the Xe 3d subshell were investigated using an x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) at photon energies of 750 and 800 eV. Owing to the perfect polarization of the XFEL and two-dimensional momentum imaging capability of our velocity map imaging spectrometer, we determined the β values with high accuracy. The β values were also investigated based on relativistic time-dependent density functional theory calculations of up to 900 eV of photon energies. By comparing all the available experimental results including our data with the most reliable theories on the photon energy dependence of the β parameters, serious differences are noted between the experiments and theories. Further studies on resolving this difference will provide new insight into the photoionization processes of the deep inner shells.
Skyrmions at vanishingly small Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction or zero magnetic field
Authors: Bera Sandip , Mandal Sudhansu S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
By introducing biquadratic together with usual bilinear ferromagnetic nearest neighbor exchange interaction in a square lattice, we find that the energy of the spin-wave mode is minimized at a finite wavevector for a vanishingly small Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI), supporting a ground state with spin-spiral structure whose pitch length is unusually short as found in some of the experiments. Apart from reproducing the magnetic structures that can be obtained in a canonical model with nearest neighbor exchange interaction only, a numerical simulation of this model with further introduction of magnetic anisotropy and magnetic field predicts many other magnetic structures some of which are already observed in the experiments. Among many observed structures, nanoscale skyrmion even at vanishingly small DMI is found for the first time in a model. The model provides the nanoscale skyrmions of unit topological charge at zero magnetic field as well. We obtain phase diagrams for all the magnetic structures predicted in the model.
Revisiting density-functional theory of the total current density
Authors: Laestadius Andre , Penz Markus , Tellgren Erik I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Density-functional theory (DFT) requires an extra variable besides the electron density in order to properly incorporate magnetic-field effects. In a time-dependent setting, the gauge-invariant, total current density takes that role. A peculiar feature of the static ground-state setting is, however, that the gauge-dependent paramagnetic current density appears as the additional variable instead. An alternative, exact reformulation in terms of the total current density has long been sought but to date a work by Diener is the only available candidate. In that work, an unorthodox variational principle was used to establish a ground-state DFT of the total current density as well as an accompanying Hohenberg–Kohn-like result. We here reinterpret and clarify Diener’s formulation based on a maximin variational principle. Using simple facts about convexity implied by the resulting variational expressions, we prove that Diener’s formulation is unfortunately not capable of reproducing the correct ground-state energy and, furthermore, that the suggested construction of a Hohenberg–Kohn map contains an irreparable mistake.
Quasiparticle electronic structure of two-dimensional heterotriangulene-based covalent organic frameworks adsorbed on Au(111)
Authors: Frimpong Joseph , Liu Zhen-Fei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The modular nature and unique electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) make them an attractive option for applications in catalysis, optoelectronics, and spintronics. The fabrications of such devices often involve interfaces formed between COFs and substrates. In this work, we employ the first-principles GW approach to accurately determine the quasiparticle electronic structure of three 2D carbonyl bridged heterotriangulene-based COFs featuring honeycomb–kagome lattice, with their properties ranging from a semi-metal to a wide-gap semiconductor. Moreover, we study the adsorption of these COFs on Au(111) surface and characterize the quasiparticle electronic structure at the heterogeneous COF/Au(111) interfaces. To reduce the computational cost, we apply the recently developed dielectric embedding GW approach and show that our results agree with existing experimental measurement on the interfacial energy level alignment. Our calculations illustrate how the many-body dielectric screening at the interface modulates the energies and shapes of the Dirac bands, the effective masses of semiconducting COFs, as well as the Fermi velocity of the semi-metallic COF.
Critical implementation issues of excitation signals for embedded wearable bioimpedance spectroscopy systems with limited resources
Authors: Kallel A Y , Bouchaala D , Kanoun O 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Wideband excitation signals are essential in bioimpedance spectroscopy for measurements in a time ensuring a quasi-stable measurement condition. In particular, for wearable biomedical systems, due to limited system resources, several aspects regarding measurement time, crest factor, slew rate requirements, frequency distribution, amplitude spectrum, and energy efficiency need to be thoroughly investigated. In this paper, we present an investigation of excitation signals, which includes not only the theoretical aspects but also aspects of real implementation on microcontroller-based systems. At a fixed number of samples and sampling rate, we investigate the implementability of signal frequencies and the resulting spectral efficiency. We focus on sources of signal distortion due to timer and amplitude deviations. The results show that for 4096 samples and a sampling frequency of 1 MHz, wideband signals are 2.76 times faster than a stepped frequency sweep. The multisine signal provides a better energy efficiency and has a lower slew rate requirement on hardware (around 0.3 V µs−1), but has a relatively high crest factor, even after optimization. An exemplary investigation of the distortion of the time/frequency and amplitudes following implementation on a standard industrial advanced RISC machines microcontroller has shown that a sampling rate compensation is required to overcome timer inaccuracies. Furthermore, non-return-to-zero binary signals are more sensitive to distortion due to hardware-related issues and have a lower signal-to-distortion-and-noise (SINAD) ratio than 24 dB, which is lower than the multisine signal, having a SINAD of 31 dB.
Room temperature monitoring of SF6decomposition byproduct SO2F2based on TiO2/NiSO4composite nanofibers
Authors: Li Li , Din Salah Ud , ul Haq Mahmood , Tang Nian , Zhang Manjun , Rahman Nasir , Zhu Liping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) is one of the ideal decomposition components of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), which is widely used as an insulating and arc extinguishing medium in gas-insulated switchgear. To detect the decomposition component of SF6at room temperature, the use of SO2F2is still a challenge. In this work, we have successfully fabricated TiO2nanofibers and nickel sulfate (NiSO4NPs) via simple electrospun and hydrothermal methods, followed by calcination process to improve the sensing performance. Metal oxide semiconductor materials (MOSs) are widely used in gas sensing applications due to their superior performance and fast recovery speed. Although the performance of our TiO2/NiSO4composite nanofiber sensor decreases at higher temperatures, it shows an excellent response to target gasses at room temperature. Ni-decoration on the outer surface of the nanofibers could maximize the sensing response of 100 ppm SO2F2by up to 189% at room temperature, showing that the TiO2/NiSO4composite nanofibers are 2.5 times superior to the pure TiO2nanofiber sensors. Thus, the approach for this novel composite nanofiber-based material is promising for the fabrication of superior gas sensors for decomposition of SF6.
Nitrogen doped porous carbon coated antimony as high performance anode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Luo Xinyuan , Tan Hengfeng , Ma Ting , Wang Hui , lv Miao , Yu Zhou , Fu Caiping , Chang Xinghua , Jin Shengming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sb holds the promise of being a high performance anode for sodium ion batteries(SIBs), while effective preparation of decent antimony(Sb) based anode materials for sodium storage is still under exploration. Herein, we propose a simple approach to achieve a high performance anode, using polyaniline as the carbon source and SbCl3 as the metal source. Synergetic polymerization and hydrolysis reactions combined with subsequent thermal reduction endow Sb/C-PANI electrode possessing ultrafine Sb nanoparticles symmetrically distributed in the nitrogen(N) doped porous carbon matrix. The Sb/C-PANI electrode exhibits excellent sodium storage performance, featured for a high reversible capacity of 469.5 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1 and 336.5 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles under 500 mA g−1. Such impressive performance will advance the development of Sb based anode materials for sodium storage. The present approach provides a compatible strategy for preparation of anode materials with high reversible capacity and long lifespan.
Analytic solutions for delocalized heat transport
Authors: Lu Chao , Tikhonchuk Vladimir , Weber Stefan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Comprehensive understanding of nonlocal transport is mandatory for many applications of laser–plasma interaction physics, such as inertial confinement fusion and modeling of astrophysical phenomena in the laboratory. Theoretical description is important for guiding numerical simulations and experiments. In this article, an analytic approach is developed: by using a simple integral differential model, we calculate the preheating of plasma upstream of the heat front associated with nonlocal transport. A detailed comparison of various transport configurations as a function of the boundary conditions and the nonlinearity parameter is presented in the context of laser–plasma interaction. Three important results are demonstrated in this paper. First, analytical expressions for all possible self-similar solutions of local nonlinear transport are obtained. Second, a systematic comparison of various nonlocal kernels and forms of the delocalization length is performed. Third, an analytic expression for the temperature profile upstream of the heat front is obtained.
Charged particle transport across an obstacle in a non-flowing partially magnetized plasma column
Authors: Das Satadal , Karkari S K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A wake is created in a plasma when a macroscopic body blocks the flow of charged particles from entering in to a downstream plasma region. The phenomena leads to a strong depletion in charged particle density behind the obstacle. In this paper, charged particle transport inside an ionization free region behind a macroscopic obstacle has been investigated for the case of a non-flowing, partially magnetized plasma column. Surprisingly, it is found that the transport of hotter electron population inside the void region is enhanced due to the application of axial magnetic field. Furthermore, the radial plasma density and potential variation inside the obstructed region show an opposing trend than the region outside the obstacle. A phenomenological model is given to explain the mechanism behind observing these trends.
The effect of a negative direct-current voltage on striated structures and electrical parameters in a capacitively coupled rf discharge in CF4
Authors: Wang Xiao-Kun , Liu Yong-Xin , Wang Xiang-Yu , Zhang Quan-Zhi , Zhao Kai , Wang You-Nian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The effects of a negative direct-current (dc) voltage on the striated structures and the electrical parameters have been studied by multi-fold experimental diagnostics and particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) simulations in a dc superposed rf (radio-frequency, 8 MHz) capacitive discharge in CF4. The electron density, the spatio-temporal distribution of electron-impact excitation rate and the electrical parameters measured by a hairpin probe, phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy

P
R
O
E
S

and a voltage and a current probe are compared with the corresponding simulation results. With the increase of the magnitude of the dc voltage,

V

dc

, all the experimental observations are well reproduced and analyzed by the simulations. It was found that the plasma bulk is compressed and the electron density decreases slightly at low

V

dc

, while the plasma bulk broadens at high

V

dc

when the ionization at the edge of the completely expanded sheath adjacent to the powered electrode is significantly enhanced due to the secondary electron emission (SEE). By increasing

V

dc

, the region of the strong ionization/excitation shrinks towards the edge of the collapsing sheath adjacent to the grounded electrode. And the ionization inside the bulk region is significantly suppressed during the collapsing phase of the sheath adjacent to the powered electrode. This is mainly attributed to the fact that the dc component of the bulk electric field and the spatial gradient of the electron density are simultaneously enhanced during the transition from the ‘striation’ mode to ‘striation-γ’ hybrid mode when increasing

V

dc

. Besides, we found that increasing

V

dc

can somewhat suppress the rf power deposition at low

V

dc

, and enhance the rf power deposition at high

V

dc

. The magnitude of the dc current exhibits a complex dependence on

V

dc

, due to nonlinear change of the dc resistance of the plasma.
A 4 × 4 8T-SRAM array with single-ended read and differential write scheme for low voltage applications
Authors: Duari Chusen , Birla Shilpi , Singh Amit Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In ultra-low-power applications, the design of power-efficient static random access memory (SRAM) is a major concern as it plays a significant part in leakage due to its higher density. In this paper, we have designed a power-efficient SRAM array that efficiently utilizes our SRAM cell for low-power and reliable memory applications. The proposed SRAM array is designed with an optimized 8T SRAM cell with minimum leakage and improved stability. The cell designed with 22 nm CMOS technology uses a stacking effect to further enhance leakage reduction and transmission gate as an access transistor to obtain better stability. Peripheral circuitry like address decoder, write driver, pre-charge, and sense amplifier are designed with optimum transistor sizing to get superior results in terms of area occupied and power consumption. The read and write access time for the cell is found to be 12 ps and 10 ps respectively. In line with the 22 nm technology node, the power is calculated for the array as 0.42 µW.
A novel strategy to enhance the generating power of ionic polymer metal composites through magnetoelectricity
Authors: Tang Gangqiang , Wang Yanjie , Hao Muyu , Zhang Lei , Ru Jie , Chang Longfei , Li Lijie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we put forward a method to enhance the output power of ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) through a magnetic field by combining the ion-electronic and magnetoelectric effects. Firstly, we confirmed that the total output voltage of IPMC deformation originates from the vector superposition of ion-electronic and magnetoelectric effects when applied a magnetic field. The open circuit voltage and output power of IPMC were experimentally investigated by adjusting the deflecting frequency and magnetic field intensity. As the frequency and magnetic field intensity increase, the increased voltage and output power caused by the magnetic field show an upward trend. Then, the experimental results were analyzed and verified through the piezoelectric and magnetoelectric theory. The results show that the increased voltage has a linear relationship with the frequency and magnetic field intensity and has nothing to do with the inherent parameters of IPMC itself. Finally, we performed simulation and practical tests to verify the energy harvesting effect of this strategy. During the energy harvesting test of water flow fluctuation, the open circuit voltage was increased by 41.91% and the output energy was increased by 110.03%, which indicates that this strategy has excellent performance in practical applications. By this study, the power generation performance of IPMC was explored and improved through multiple physical mechanisms.
Seismic performance of magnetorheological damped structures with different MR fluid perfusion densities of the damper
Authors: Yang Yang , Xu Zhao-Dong , Guo Ying-Qing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Performance tests of magnetorheological (MR) dampers show that the hysteresis curves generally show an obvious force–lag phenomenon, which is due to the presence of trapped air in the working chamber of the damper. However, the force–lag phenomenon is barely considered in existing studies, and its influence on the seismic performance of MR damped structures is still unclear. In this paper, experimental and theoretical research have been carried out to analyze the force–lag phenomenon and its influence. Firstly, a specially designed MR damper was manufactured so that MR fluid can be poured into the damper successively for several times until the working chamber was filled, and performance tests were carried out correspondingly with different MR fluid perfusion densities (a parameter introduced in this paper to describe the volume fraction of MR fluid in the working chamber). The mechanical properties of the MR damper under different MR fluid perfusion densities were compared to reveal the influence of the force–lag phenomenon. Then, the effects of excitation properties on the force–lag phenomenon were discussed by comparing experiments results under different currents, frequencies and displacement amplitudes. Further, a force–lag mathematical model was proposed by considering the variation of the force-lag part with MR fluid perfusion density to reflect the force–lag phenomenon with different volume fractions of trapped air, and then verified based on the performance test data. Finally, numerical analysis of MR damped structures with different MR fluid perfusion densities was performed using the proposed force–lag mathematical model. Results show that the damping effect of MR control systems will be weaken due to the force–lag phenomenon, and with the increase of the MR fluid perfusion density, the seismic performance of MR damped structures will gradually improve.
How to enhance quantum generative adversarial learning of noisy information
Authors: Braccia Paolo , Caruso Filippo , Banchi Leonardo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Quantum machine learning is where nowadays machine learning (ML) meets quantum information science. In order to implement this new paradigm for novel quantum technologies, we still need a much deeper understanding of its underlying mechanisms, before proposing new algorithms to feasibly address real problems. In this context, quantum generative adversarial learning is a promising strategy to use quantum devices for quantum estimation or generative ML tasks. However, the convergence behaviours of its training process, which is crucial for its practical implementation on quantum processors, have not been investigated in detail yet. Indeed here we show how different training problems may occur during the optimization process, such as the emergence of limit cycles. The latter may remarkably extend the convergence time in the scenario of mixed quantum states playing a crucial role in the already available noisy intermediate scale quantum devices. Then, we propose new strategies to achieve a faster convergence in any operating regime. Our results pave the way for new experimental demonstrations of such hybrid classical-quantum protocols allowing to evaluate the potential advantages over their classical counterparts.
Entanglement distribution with wavevector-multiplexed quantum memory
Authors: Lipka Michał , Mazelanik Mateusz , Parniak Michał 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Feasible distribution of quantum entanglement over long distances remains a fundamental step towards quantum secure communication and quantum network implementations. Quantum repeater nodes based on quantum memories promise to overcome exponential signal decay inherent to optical implementations of quantum communication. While performance of current quantum memories hinders their practical application, multimode solutions with multiplexing can offer tremendous increase in entanglement distribution rates. We propose to use a wavevector-multiplexed atomic quantum memory (WV-MUX-QM) as a fundamental block of a multiplexed quantum repeater architecture. We show the WV-MUX-QM platform to provide quasi-deterministic entanglement generation over extended distances, mitigating the fundamental issue of optical loss even with currently available quantum memory devices, and exceeding performance of repeaterless solutions as well as other repeater-based protocols such as temporal multiplexing. We establish the entangled-bit (ebit) rate per number of employed nodes as a practical figure of merit reflecting the cost-efficiency of larger inter-node distances.