bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Characteristic Metabolites of Pediatric Community Acquired Pneumonia in TCM Syndrome Differentiation Syndrome Differentiation
Authors: An Li , Lin Lili , Wang Shouchuan , Zhao Xia , Xie Tong , Yang Yan , Zhai Wensheng , Du Lina , Li Weiwei , Shen Cunsi , Ji jianjian , Zhang Ying , Shan Jinjun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Cold syndrome CS and Heat syndrome ( H S)S), with the opposite clinical manifestations, are two main syndrome types of pediatric community acquired pneumonia ( in Traditional Chinese medicine TCM )). According to research of syndrome types among CAP children, about 2.92% of them can be identified with CS while 91.25% with HS. This study aim s t o analyze plasma metabolic profiles and find out potential biomarkers for distinguishing H S from CS.Methods A total of 296 patients and 55 healthy controls (HC) were divided into discovery group ( n =213, HS=160, CS=23, HC= 30) and validation group N=138, HS=93, CS=20, HC = Plasma metabolic profiles were detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography combined with linear ion trap quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC/LTQ Orbitrap MS) in both positive and negative mode. Finally, plasma metabolic profiles were obtained through principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS DA)DA). Differential metabolites in CS and HS were screened by counting the value of fold change (FC 1.5 or 0.667 P value ( P 0.05 ) and false discovery rate (FDR 0.05 Diagnostic accuracy of potential biomarkers was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results Among all metabolites 3 amino acids including alanine, phenylalanine, arginine, and 4 glycerophospholipids including lysoPC20:1, lysoPE16:0, lysoPE18:0, PE(16:0 22:6) were increased (FC 1.5 FDR 0.05) in CS versus HC . While 6 glycerophospholipids including PC(18:1 18:1), PC(20:4 20:4), lysoPE 20:4, lysoPE 18:2, lysoPE 22:6 andPE(16:0 18:2) were decreased (FC 0. 667 FDR 0.05) in HS versus HC. However, Ceramide(d18:1 24:1) was increased in HS versus HC . Differential metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid, glycerophospholipid and linoleic acid metabolism via KEGG pathway analysis P<0.05) and they all exhibited good diagnostic abilities with ROC analysis AUC 0.9 54 Mo reover, lyso PC20:1, lysoPE16:0, lysoPE18:2, lysoPE20:4, lysoPE22:6, PC(18:1_18:1), PC(20:4_20: and PC(P 16:0_22:4) may serve as potential biomarkers for distinguishing HS from CS.Conclusions Plasma metabolism of amino acids and lipids (triglyceride, glycerophospholipid and sphingomyelin were largely disturbed in CAP children with CS or HS. Among them, detection of glycerophospholipids via metabolomics can help diagnose these two syndrome types on clinic.
Comparative iTRAQ Proteomics Identified Proteins Associated With Sperm Maturation Between Yak and Cattleyak Epididymis
Authors: Zhao Wangsheng , Ahmed Siraj , Liu Junxia , Ahmed Saeed , Quansah Eugene , Solangi Tajmal Hussain , Wu Yitao , Yangliu Yueling , Wang Hongmei , Zhu Jiangjiang , Cai Xin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: During maturation, spermatozoa acquire motility and fertilizing capacity as they transit through the epididymis. In recent years, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has been employed in proteomics studies conducted in rat, boar and human. However, there has not been a complete information regarding the proteins associated with sperm maturation in the epididymis. In this study, we employed iTRAQ proteomics to investigate proteins associated with sperm maturation between yak and cattleyak epididymis. Results: After successfully establishing the samples and protein extraction, the iTRAQ coupled with LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis was performed. We identified 288 DAPs between yak and cattleyak epididymis; 151 were up-regulated while 137 were down-regulated in cattleyak relative to yak. Gene Ontology analysis identified that down-regulated DAPs in cattleyak were mostly enriched in the acetylation of protein component, negative regulatory activity, and positive regulatory activity. iTRAQ proteomics data showed that the top down-regulated DAPs were predominantly associated with sperm maturation, long-term sperm storage, sperm forward motility, sperm-oocyte fusion, and regulatory functions, while, the top up-regulated DAPs were mainly enriched in cell communication, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton organization, stress response, post-translational modifications and metabolic functions. Conclusion: These results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying male cattleyak infertility.
The Results of Patient-Specific Instrument Guided Chevron-cut Distal Femur Osteotomy: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Chen Kuan-Jung , Lin Kuan-Yu , Huang Yen-Chun , Lee Oscar Kuang-Sheng , Yang Jesse Chieh-Szu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDistal femur osteotomy (DFO) has been gaining popularity in treating subjects with genu valgum and the associated lateral compartment osteoarthritis. However, the risk of non-union and a period of protective weight bearing still remain unsolved even with the advent of locking plates. To improve the inherent stability of medial close-wedge DFO, we create bone cut in chevron shape with the guidance of a patient-specific instrument (PSI). The patients were allowed immediate weight-bearing as tolerated. The objective of the study was to assess the results of this technique.MethodsTwenty-five knees in twenty-three consecutive patients with genu valgum and lateral compartment osteoarthritis received chevron-cut medial close-wedge DFO. The alignment parameters of the knee, including the weight-bearing line (WBL) ratio, hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) were assessed. We defined outliers as those with a difference of more than 10% from the targeted 50% WBL ratio. Patient-reported evaluation included the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Knee Society Score (KSS), and a visual analog scale (VAS) pain scale.ResultsThe WBL ratio, HKA, and mLDFA were corrected from a mean of 78.7% ± 12.0%, 9.3° ± 2.8° valgus, and 83.6° ± 1.9° to 48.7% ± 2.9%, 0.5° ± 1.1° varus, and 91.4° ± 3.5° (respectively) postoperatively. A mean operative time of 58.8 ± 18.3 minutes, and 6.2 ± 1.3 intraoperative radiographs were taken. A mean Hb drop of 1.4 g/dl was found, while no patient required transfusion. Only one knee (4%) postoperatively fell in the defined range of correction outliers. Consolidation of the osteotomy was achieved at 11.3 ± 2.8 weeks. The OKS, KSS, and VAS pain scale were significantly improved compared with the pre-operative data. Complications developed in three patients, including one periprosthetic fracture, one loss of fixation, and a case of non-union.ConclusionThe PSI-guided chevron-cut close-wedge DFO, followed by immediate weight-bearing as tolerated is accurate, safe, and effective in the correction of genu valgum deformity and the associated lateral compartment osteoarthritis.Level of evidence IV
Expiratory aerosol particle escape from surgical masks due to imperfect sealing
Authors: Cappa Christopher , Asadi Sima , Barreda Santiago , Wexler Anthony , Bouvier Nicole , Ristenpart William 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Wearing surgical masks or other similar face coverings can reduce the emission of expiratory particles produced via breathing, talking, coughing, or sneezing. Although it is well established that some fraction of the expiratory airflow leaks around the edges of the mask, it is unclear how these leakage airflows affect the overall mask efficiency at blocking emission of expiratory aerosol particles. Here, we show experimentally that the aerosol particle concentrations in the leakage airflows around a surgical mask are reduced compared to no mask wearing, with the magnitude of reduction dependent on the direction of escape (out the top, the sides, or the bottom). Because the actual leakage flowrate in each direction is difficult to measure, we use a Monte Carlo approach to estimate flow-corrected particle emission rates in all orientations, from which a flow-weighted overall efficiency is derived. The overall mask efficiency, accounting both for air that passes through the mask and for leakage flows, is reduced compared to the through-mask efficiency, from 93% to 70% for talking, but from only 94% to 90% for coughing. These results demonstrate that leakage flows due to imperfect sealing do decrease mask efficiencies for reducing emission of expiratory particles, but even with such leakage surgical masks provide substantial control.
SEM and TEM for Identification of Capsular Fibrosis and Cellular Behavior Around Breast Implants – a Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Kuehlmann Britta , Zucal Isabel , Bonham Clark Andrew , Joubert Lydia-Marie , Prantl Lukas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCapsular fibrosis (CF) is the most common long-term complication in implant-based breast augmentation. It is well accepted that the foreign body response (FBR) instigates the development of fibrotic disease. Our study aims to compare murine and human samples of CF and describe the cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM).ResultsMiniature microtextured silicone breast implants were implanted in mice and subsequently harvested at days 15, 30, and 90 post-operation. Isolated human capsules with the most aggravated form of CF (Baker IV) were harvested post-operation. Both were analyzed with SEM and TEM to assess cellular infiltration and ECM structure.An architectural shift of collagen fiber arrangement from unidirectional to multidirectional was observed at day 90 when compared to days 15 and 30. Fibrosis was observed with an increase of histiocytic infiltration. Moreover, bacterial accumulation was seen around silicone fragments. These findings were common in both murine and human capsules.Conclusions﻿This murine model accurately recapitulates CF found in humansand can be utilized for future research on cellular invasion in capsular fibrosisThis descriptive study helps to gain a better understanding of cellular mechanisms involved in the FBR. Increases of ECM and cellularity were observed over time with SEM and TEM analysis.
SPECT Imaging of Neovascularization With 99mTc-3PRGD2 for Evaluating Early Response to Endostar Involved Therapies on Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts in Vivo
Authors: Jin Xiaona , Dong Chengyan , Zheng Kun , Shi Ximin , Liu Yu , Huo Li , Wang Fan , Li Fang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMolecular imaging targeting angiogenesis is warranted for specific monitoring of molecular changes as early therapeutic effects via antiangiogenesis. We explore the predictive value of 99mTc-PEG4-E[PEG4-c(RGDfK)]2 (99mTc-3PRGD2) as an integrin αvβ3 targeting imaging agent for monitoring the efficacy of endostar antiangiogenic therapy and chemotherapy in an animal model, to find a specific pathway that could monitor early therapeutic effects.ResultsTumor growth was significantly lower in treatment groups than in the control group (P<0.05), and also in Endostar + Gemcitabine group than in Endostar group(P=0.034) or Gemcitabine group (P=0.021), and the differences was observed at 28 days after treatment. The difference of uptake of 99mTc-3PRGD2 was observed between the control group and Endostar group(P=0.033) or the combination therapy group(P<0.01) at 7 days after treatment, and at 14 days after treatment between the control group and Gemcitabine group(P<0.01). 99mTc-3PRGD2 accumulation was significantly correlated with microvessel density (r=0.998, P=0.002).Conclusion﻿With 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT, the tumor response to antiangiogenic therapy, chemotherapy, and combination therapy can be assessed at a very early stage of treatment, much earlier than the tumor volume change, which provides new opportunities to develop individualized therapeutic approaches and optimized dosages for effective treatments.
Study on the Preparation and Properties of Fe-tailings Based Foamed Glass-ceramics
Authors: Li Pengwei , Luo S.H. , Wang Qing , Zhang Pudong , Zhang Yahui , Liu Xin , Liang Jinsheng , Duan Xinhui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Traditional building materials have disadvantages such as high pollution and high energy consumption, so it is particularly important to develop new environmentally friendly materials. In this paper, foamed glass-ceramics are prepared by high-temperature melting method with iron tailings, blast furnace slag, and desulfurization slag as the main raw materials, and CaCO3 as foaming agent. The effects of three kinds of basic glass scheme, the content of the foaming agent and heat treatment system on the degree of crystallization, micro-morphology, and crystal phase composition of foamed glass-ceramics are studied. The nucleation temperature and crystallization temperature of the basic glass are determined by differential thermal analysis curve to be 730 ℃ and 1000 ℃, respectively. Orthogonal experiments show that the optimal composition ratio of the prepared base glass is CaO: 22.25 wt.%, MgO: 4.57 wt.%, Al2O3: 6.19 wt.%, SiO2: 41.8 wt.%. The optimized scheme is based on a base glass prepared with 45 wt.% iron tailings, 25 wt.% blast furnace slag, and 30 wt.% desulfurization slag, added with 10% CaCO3 and sintered to 1000 °C for 3 h. The bending strength, fracture toughness, and elastic modulus are 95.73 Mpa, 53.09 Mpa·m1/2, 28023.55 Mpa, respectively.
COVID 19: The Lack of ACE2 Provides Protection for Children
Authors: TEMEDDA Med nour 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background In early December 2019, in China the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been spreading. It was reported that the number of children was lower than adults and they have fewer symptoms. Method Published articles were searched in PubMed, Science direct, in the end 60 articles were collected.Findings Three major findings were found after researching. First, The minority of cases in children category. Secondly, ACE2 resulting penetration in cells after the interaction with virus. And third, a poor presence of ACE2 in lungs children.Discussion Molecularly, the link between the virus and ACE2 was explained, through a segment of viral protein S, comprising four residues nested in RBD. The outbreak due to Sars-Cov-1 has shown that the highest attack rate in China was aged between 20 and 39 (53%).Also, there was a decrease in mortality and severity of diagnosis for patients on ACE inhibitors. It causes a decrease in ACE2 levels. In addition, patients with severe diagnostics are diabetic which lead to the excessive expression of ACE2 in human tissues.Conclusion the ACE2 factor was the aim of our study, but researchers can find many factors linked to the physiology of children.
Inconsistent Response of Bacterial Phyla Diversity and Abundance to Soil Salinity in A Chinese Delta
Authors: Yang Chao , Li Kangjia , Lv Dantong , Jiang Shenyi , Sun Junqi , Lin Hao , Sun Juan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Soil salinization is an increasingly serious problem and decreases crop yields in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), but its effects on bacterial community and diversity at the phylum level are not well known. We used high-throughput sequencing of soil bacterial 16S rRNA to identify soil bacterial communities and diversity across a gradient of soil salinity (electrical conductivity), namely, S1: low salinity level (1.78 ds/m), S2: medium salinity level (3.16 ds/m), S3: high salinity level (17.26 ds/m), S4: extreme salinity level (34.41 ds/m), and a non-salted site as the control (CK, 0.92 ds/m). Our results indicated that CK, S2, S3, and S4 exhibited an increased soil C/N ratio of 0.64, 0.97, 1.27, and 1.55 times, respectively, compared with that in S1. Significantly lower values of the Shannon and Chao 1 indexes were observed in S4 compared with the CK (p < 0.05). High salinity decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria, but increased that of Gemmatimonadetes and Bacteroidetes. Additionally, the Shannon diversity of Bacteroidetes increased by 15.5% in S4 compared with that in the CK. Our results indicate that soil salt is a main factor regulating bacterial phyla diversity and community in the extremely saline-alkaline soils of YRD. The high abundance and diversity of Bacteroidetes can be used for saline-alkali land restoration.
Acrolein Contributes to Human Colorectal Tumorigenesis Through the Activation of RAS/MAPK Pathway.
Authors: Tsai Hong-Chieh , Tsou Han-Hsing , Lin Chun-Chi , Chen Shao-Chen , Cheng Hsiao-Wei , Liu Tsung-Yun , Chen Wei-Shone , Jiang Jeng-Kai , Yang Shung-Haur , Chang Shih-Ching , Teng Hao-Wei , Wang Hsiang-Tsai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most well-known malignancies with high prevalence and poor 5-year survival. Previous studies have demonstrated that high-fat diet (HFD) is capable of increasing the odds of developing CRC. Acrolein, an IARC group 2A carcinogen, can be formed through Maillard reaction. Also, acrolein has been shown to be produced from microbial glycerol metabolism in human gut. Consequently, humans are at risk of acrolein exposure through consumption of foods rich in fat. However, whether acrolein contributes to HFD-induced CRC remains elusive. In this study, we found that acrolein induced oncogenic transformation including faster cell cycling, proliferation, soft agar formation, sphere formation and cell migration in NIH/3T3 cells. Using xenograft tumorigenicity assays, the acrolein-transformed NIH/3T3 clone formed tumors. In addition, RAS/MAPK pathway contributing to colon tumorigenesis was activated in acrolein-transformed clones using cDNA microarray analysis with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Besides, acrolein-induced DNA damages (Acr-dG adducts) were higher in CRC tumor tissues compared to normal epithelial cells in CRC patients. Intriguingly, CRC patients with higher Acr-dG adducts have better prognosis. Taken together, this is the first study to demonstrate that acrolein is important in oncogenic transformation through activating RAS/MAPK signaling pathway contributing to colon tumorigenesis.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Sever Early Childhood Caries and Breast Milk`s Lactose Among 12-24 Month Old Children.
Authors: Poureslami Hamidreza , Sharifi Maryam , Vahedi Mahla , Sabouri Salehe , Poureslami Parnian , Satarzadeh Naghmeh , Hatami Nima , Jafari Parisa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aim: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between occurrence of Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) and breast milk lactose, in infants aged 12 to 24 months.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study performed on 30 children aged 12 to 24 months with or without S-ECC who were solely breastfed, and mothers answered questions about their breastfeeding. After the child's dental visit, the mother was asked to express 10 to 20 ml of her milk as a sample and give it to the researchers. The samples were immediately kept at -4 ° C and then they were tested to lactose measurement. Finally, the test results were analyzed by SPSS 21 software. Results: the average amount of lactose in the breast milk sof cases with S-ECC infant was 5.74g/100 ml and the average amount of lactose in the breast milk of cases without S-ECC infant was 4.64g/100 ml. There was no significant difference in lactose concentration between the two groups (p=0/64). The average number of breastfeeding times in cases with S-ECC infants was 7.87 per day while in the healthy cases this was 7.33 per day. There was no significant difference between the numbers of breastfeeding times per day in two groups.Conclusion: According to this study, the average level of lactose in the breast milk samples was lower than the average level of lactose in breast milk in other countries and the amount of lactose in breast milk of children with S-ECC was slightly higher than the amount of lactose in breast milk in children with healthy teeth.
Wdpcp Regulates Proliferation and Differentiation in the Developing Limb via Hedgehog Signaling
Authors: Langhans Mark , Tuan Rocky , Alexander Peter , Gao Jingtao , Wang Bing , Tang Ying 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Mice with a loss of function mutation in Wdpcp were described previously to display severe birth defects in the developing heart, neural tube, and limb buds. Further characterization of the skeletal phenotype of Wdpcp null mice was limited by perinatal lethality. Results: We utilized Prx1-Cre mice to generate limb bud mesenchyme specific deletion of Wdpcp. These mice recapitulated the appendicular skeletal phenotype of the Wdpcp null mice including polydactyl and limb bud signaling defects. Examination of later stages of limb development demonstrated decreased size of cartilage anlagen, delayed calcification, and abnormal growth plates. Utilizing in vitro assays, we demonstrated that loss of Wdpcp in skeletal progenitors lead to loss of hedgehog signaling responsiveness and associated proliferative response. In vitro chondrogenesis assays showed this loss of hedgehog and proliferative response was associated with decreased expression of early chondrogenic marker N-Cadherin. E14.5 forelimbs demonstrated delayed ossification and expression of osteoblast markers Runx2 and Sp7. P0 growth plates demonstrated loss of hedgehog signaling markers and expansion of the hypertrophic zones of the growth plate. In vitro osteogenesis assays demonstrated decreased osteogenic differentiation of Wdpcp null mesenchymal progenitors in response to hedgehog stimulation. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate how Wdpcp and associated regulation of the hedgehog signaling pathway plays an important role at multiple stages of skeletal development. Wdpcp is necessary for positive regulation of hedgehog signaling and associated proliferation is key to the initiation of chondrogenesis. At later stages, Wdpcp facilitates the robust hedgehog response necessary for chondrocyte hypertrophy and osteogenic differentiation.
Effectiveness of Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in Patients with Acute Low Back Pain — Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lange Tobias 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (rESWT) primarily on acute lumbar back pain (aLBP) and secondarily on physical function and quality of life.METHODS This randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded trial with 12-week follow-up (FU) randomized 63 patients with aLBP 1 : 1 into two groups receiving either rESWT (intervention) or sham rESWT (placebo) with a manipulated shockwave head not delivering any shockwaves. Both, rESWT and sham procedure were carried out eight times for 4 weeks. Both groups received additional analgesics and physiotherapy twice a week.Primary patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) was the Visual Analogue Scale for aLBP (VAS-LBP). Secondary PROMs included Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Roland & Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ), EuroQol EQ-5D-3L and the Beck Depression Index (BDI-II). Primary endpoint was a between-arm comparison of mean changes in VAS-LBP from baseline to final FU. RESULTS At randomization, there were no differences between the two groups in relation to age and PROMs. Both groups showed significant improvement in all PROMs at final FU. VAS-LBP declined by 60.7% (P < .001) in the intervention and by 86.4% (P < .001) in the sham group. The intervention group showed significantly less pain relief after 4 and 12 weeks. The EQ-5D submodality pain showed significantly inferior results for the intervention (1.5 (0.58)) compared to the sham group (1.1 (0.33)) (P < 0.014) after 8 weeks. No significant intergroup differences were observed for RDQ, ODI or BDI-II.CONCLUSIONS Additional rESWT alongside conventional guideline therapy in aLBP does not have any significant effects on pain intensity, physical function, or quality of life.IMPACT STATEMENT To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study with a high level of evidence reporting the efficacy of rESWT in aLBP treatment and will be a future basis for decision-making.