bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meal choice for residential aged care is not yet defined: A scoping review of policies, standards, reports and guidelines
Authors: Wheeler Mikaela , Abbey Karen L. , Capra Sandra M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimFor residents in residential aged care, making choices in relation to food and mealtimes are opportunities to maintain a sense of self and autonomy. It is unknown, however, whether the concept of choice is adequately addressed in texts relating to residential aged care. The purpose of this review is to examine whether residents' right to make choices regarding the meals they eat, is discussed in grey literature including, policies, standards, reports and guidelines, which all impact practice in residential aged care.MethodsGrey literature was located utilising; Google, Google Scholar and hand searching. Texts had to be in reference to residential aged care and were assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II and Joanna Briggs Institute tools.ResultsTwenty‐nine texts were included in the final review, consisting of, 12 policies and standards, 12 guidelines and 5 reports. Choice was discussed broadly in the majority of texts, with no definition included for the level of choice that should be provided by residential aged care. The use of alternative meals to provide choice was discussed; however, texts varied in their requirements and recommendations as to what constituted an adequate alternative.ConclusionsThe ambiguity surrounding choice affects the practices within residential aged care and ultimately the service provided to residents. With most recommendations being only general in nature, residential aged care homes are not provided with sufficient guidance for meal planning. To ensure residents' right to make choices in their meals is guaranteed, more definitive requirements and recommendations are needed.
MrIML: Multi‐response interpretable machine learning to model genomic landscapes
Authors: Fountain‐Jones Nicholas M. , Kozakiewicz Christopher P. , Forester Brenna R. , Landguth Erin L. , Carver Scott , Charleston Michael , Gagne Roderick B. , Greenwell Brandon , Kraberger Simona , Trumbo Daryl R. , Mayer Michael , Clark Nicholas J. , Machado Gustavo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe introduce a new R package “MrIML” (“Mister iml”; Multi‐response Interpretable Machine Learning). MrIML provides a powerful and interpretable framework that enables users to harness recent advances in machine learning to quantify multilocus genomic relationships, to identify loci of interest for future landscape genetics studies, and to gain new insights into adaptation across environmental gradients. Relationships between genetic variation and environment are often nonlinear and interactive; these characteristics have been challenging to address using traditional landscape genetic approaches. Our package helps capture this complexity and offers functions that fit and interpret a wide range of highly flexible models that are routinely used for single‐locus landscape genetics studies but are rarely extended to estimate response functions for multiple loci. To demonstrate the package's broad functionality, we test its ability to recover landscape relationships from simulated genomic data. We also apply the package to two empirical case studies. In the first, we model genetic variation of North American balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera, Salicaceae) populations across environmental gradients. In the second case study, we recover the landscape and host drivers of feline immunodeficiency virus genetic variation in bobcats (Lynx rufus). The ability to model thousands of loci collectively and compare models from linear regression to extreme gradient boosting, within the same analytical framework, has the potential to be transformative. The MrIML framework is also extendable and not limited to modelling genetic variation; for example, it can quantify the environmental drivers of microbiomes and coinfection dynamics.
Effects of FSH treatment and withdrawal during proestrus on uterine proliferation and steroid hormone receptor expression in beef heifers
Authors: Bunma Thanya , Kanjanaruch Chutikun , Kogram Nattawut , Uriyapongson Suthipong , Khanthusaeng Vilaivan , Navanukraw Chainarong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo determine the effects of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) treatment and subsequent withdrawal on uterine proliferation and estrogen receptor (ESR), Brahman crossbred heifers (n = 12) were twice daily injected with FSH (4, 3, and 2 mg/injection) on Days 17–19 of the estrous cycle (FSH 3 days) and (4 and 3 mg/injection) on Days 17–18 (FSH 2 days) and withdrawal with saline on Day 19 and (4 mg/injection) on Day 17 (FSH 1 day) and withdrawal with saline on Days 18–19. Uterine tissue was subjectively collected on Day 20 and microscopically classified to four regions: endometrial stroma (ES), surface endometrial gland (EG), deep endometrial gland (DG), and myometrium (Myo). The cell proliferation marker, Ki‐67, was quantified as labeling index (LI) in uterine regions, and tissues were immunostained to detect ESR2 followed by image analysis. The LI of ES, EG, and DG was greater (P = 0.0018, P = 0.0005, and P = 0.0103; respectively) in heifers received FSH for 3 days. The expression of ESR2 protein on ES and EG was greatest (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0036, respectively) in FSH 3 days‐treated group. Thus, FSH administration during proestrus stimulates uterine cell proliferation, and ESR2 expressions are affected by FSH during proestrus and differentially distributed in the uterine regions.
Predictive value of immunological markers after bacille Calmette–Guérin induction in bladder cancer
Authors: Elsawy Amr A. , Abol‐Enein Hassan , Laymon Mahmoud , Ahmed Asmaa E. , Essam Ahmed , Hamam Eman T. , Zidan Abdel‐Aziz A. , Zahran Mohamed H. , Shokeir Ahmed A. , Awadalla Amira 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the predictive value of different immunological markers on treatment outcomes after bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) induction in high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).Patients and MethodsPatients who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumour for NMIBC were assessed for study eligibility. Urine and blood samples were taken from patients at baseline (immediately before first dose of induction) and after induction (4 h after last [sixth] dose). Urine samples were evaluated for interleukin (IL)‐2 and IL‐10 by solid‐phase enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Blood samples were evaluated for tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA‐4) and transcription factors (TFs) (GATA‐binding protein 3 [GATA3], T‐box expressed in T cells [T‐bet], and forkhead box protein 3 [FoxP3]) using quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis. Change pattern and fold change of each evaluable marker was assessed in relation to different treatment outcomes (initial complete response [ICR]/recurrence/progression).ResultsBetween July 2013 and May 2019, 204 patients were included. Among evaluable markers, urinary IL‐2 and serum TNF‐α increased in all patients, serum CTLA‐4 and FoxP3+ showed a predominant decreased pattern in 188 (92.2%) and 192 (94.1%) patients, respectively. An ICR was achieved in 186 (91.2%) patients. Serum TNF‐α fold change and urinary IL‐10 change pattern were significantly associated with an ICR (P = 0.001 and P = 0.03, respectively). At a median (range) follow‐up of 37 (20–88) months, 104 (56%) patients developed recurrence. Urinary IL‐10, serum CTLA‐4, T‐bet+, FoxP3+ change patterns and GATA3+/T‐bet+ ratio were significantly associated with tumour recurrence (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.02, P = 0.009 and P = 0.001, respectively). Tumour progression occurred in 34 (18.3%) patients. Urinary IL‐10, serum CTLA‐4, serum T‐bet+ change patterns and GATA3+/T‐bet+ ratio were independent predictors of tumour progression (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.02 and P = 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsUrinary IL‐10 and serum TNF‐α can significantly predict ICR. Moreover, change pattern of urinary IL‐10, serum CTLA‐4, TFs (GATA3, T‐bet and FoxP3) and GATA3+/T‐bet+ ratio after BCG induction can independently predict further BCG response. These markers could be implemented in clinical practice when management options are discussed or in systems with severe BCG shortage.
Long‐term survival after low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer: the Royal Surrey experience
Authors: Uribe‐Lewis Santiago , Uribe Jennifer , Bourke Vincent , Deering Claire , Higgins Donna , Mehta Sheel , Mikropoulos Christos , Otter Sophie , Perna Carla , Khaksar Sara , Laing Robert , Langley Stephen 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesTo assess the long‐term treatment efficacy of low‐dose‐rate (LDR) brachytherapy for the treatment of localized prostate cancer.Patients and MethodsCause‐of‐death annotation in our prospective database was supplemented with death certificate information obtained via an internal audit of patients treated from 1999 to 2017 with LDR prostate brachytherapy as monotherapy or as combination with androgen deprivation therapy and/or external beam radiotherapy. Overall and disease‐specific survival were the primary outcomes, estimated with Kaplan–Meier and competing risks multi‐state models. Clinical variables influencing mortality were assessed with Cox proportional hazards regression in a sub‐analysis of men to assess the predictive value of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level at 48 months post implant.ResultsThe audit process began in October 2017 and culminated in June 2020 with a curated series of 2936 patients. All‐cause and prostate cancer‐specific death prevalence were 11% and 2.9%, respectively. The median (range) follow‐up time was 10 (3–21) years and the median (range) time to death from any cause was 9 (3–21) years. At 15 years post implant the overall and prostate cancer‐specific survival probability were 81% and 95%, respectively. The 15‐year cumulative incidence rates of death not due and due to prostate cancer were 14% and 5%, respectively. A greater risk of death due to prostate cancer was conferred by increasing age at therapy (hazard ratio [HR] 1.1, P < 0.001), advanced clinical stages relative to T1a‐T2a (HR 1.9, P = 0.048 for T2b; HR 2.7, P = 0.023 for T2c‐T3b) and a 48‐month PSA level >1.0 ng/mL (HR 6.8, P < 0.001).ConclusionThis study constitutes the largest retrospective analyses of long‐term mortality outcomes from prospectively collected prostate brachytherapy data and confirms the excellent treatment efficacy of LDR prostate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer. T2 clinical stage subdivisions and 48‐month PSA level >1.0 ng/mL appear to be strong indicators of prostate cancer‐related survival.
Reflection seismic thermometry
Authors: Sarkar Arka Dyuti , Huuse Mads 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe North Viking Graben (NVG) is part of the mature North Sea Basin petroleum province and designated as a major carbon storage basin for NW Europe. It has been extensively drilled over five decades with an abundance of well and seismic data in the public domain. As such it serves as an excellent setting to demonstrate the efficacy of a reflection seismic data led approach to predicting subsurface temperatures using a state‐of‐the‐art, full‐waveform inversion velocity model covering the entire NVG. In a forward modelling approach, an empirical velocity to thermal conductivity transform is used in conjunction with predefined heatflow to predict subsurface temperature. The predefined heatflow parameters are set based on the range of values from previous studies in the area. Abundant well data with bottom hole temperature (BHT) records provide calibration of results. In the second step of inverse modelling, BHTs and the velocity derived thermal conductivity are used to derive heat flow based on a 1D steady‐state approximation of Fourier's law. In this way, heatflow is estimated over the 12,000 km2 model area at a km scale (lateral) resolution, highlighting lateral variability in comparison with the traditional point‐based heatflow data sets. This heatflow is used to condition a final iterative loop of forward modelling to produce a temperature model that is best representative of the subsurface temperature. Calibration against 139 exploration wells indicate that the predicted temperatures are on average 0.6℃ warmer than the recorded values. BHT for the recently completed Northern Lights carbon sequestration 31/5‐7 (Eos) modelled to be 97℃, which is 6℃ below the recorded BHT. This highlights the applicability of this workflow not only towards enhancing petroleum systems modelling work but also for use in the energy transition and for fundamental scientific purposes.
Gastric epithelial attachment of Helicobacter pylori induces EphA2 and NMHC‐IIA receptors for Epstein‐Barr virus
Authors: Fekadu Sintayehu , Kanehiro Yuichi , Kartika Andy Visi , Hamada Kazuki , Sakurai Nozomi , Mizote Tomoko , Akada Junko , Yamaoka Yoshio , Iizasa Hisashi , Yoshiyama Hironori 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐associated gastric cancer belongs to 1 of the 4 subtypes of gastric cancer and accounts for 10% of total gastric cancers. However, most cases of gastric cancer have a history of Helicobacter pylori infection. Therefore, we investigated the possibility that H. pylori infection promotes the development of EBV‐associated gastric cancer. H. pylori was exposed to principal EBV receptor, CD21, negative gastric epithelial cells, and then infected with EBV recombinant expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein. Changes in EBV infectivity due to prior H. pylori exposure were analyzed using flow cytometry. The treatment of gastric epithelial cells with H. pylori increased the efficiency of EBV infection. An increase was also observed when CagA‐deficient, VacA‐deficient, and FlaA‐deficient H. pylori strains were used, but not when cag pathogenicity island‐deficient H. pylori was used. The treatment of epithelial cells with H. pylori induced the expression of accessory EBV receptors, EphA2 and NMHC‐IIA, and increased the efficiency of EBV infection depending on their expression levels. When gastric epithelial cells were treated with EPHA2 or NMHC‐IIA siRNA, EBV infection via H. pylori attachment was decreased. The adhesion of H. pylori induced the expression of accessory EBV receptors in gastric epithelial cells and increased the efficiency of EBV infection.
Basal insulin analogues in people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Authors: León‐Jiménez David , Miramontes‐González José Pablo , Márquez‐López Laura , Astudillo‐Martín Francisco , Beltrán‐Romero Luis M. , Moreno‐Obregón Fernando , Escalada‐San Martín Javier 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) worldwide. ESKD has a high prevalence in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). CKD increases the chances of hypoglycaemia by different mechanisms, causes insulin resistance and a decrease in insulin metabolism. Both the “Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes” (KDIGO) and “American Diabetes Association” (ADA) guidelines recommend the use of insulin as part of treatment, but the type of basal insulin is not specified.MethodsWe reviewed the literature to determine whether first‐ and second‐generation basal insulins are effective and safe in CKD patients. We reviewed specific pivotal studies conducted by pharmaceutical laboratories, as well as independent studies.ConclusionsBasal insulins are safe and effective in patients with CKD and diabetes mellitus but we do not have specific studies. Given that CKD is one of the main complications of type 2 DM, and insulin specific treatment in the final stages, the absence of studies is striking. Real‐life data are also important since trials such as pivotal studies do not fully represent actual patients. Treatment should be individualized until we have specific trials in this type of population.
High incidence of type 2 diabetes in a population with normal range body mass index and individual prediction nomogram in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Quang Binh , Pham Tran Phuong , Nguyen Thanh Chung , Bui Thi Nhung , Do Dinh Tung , Tran Quang Thuyen , Duong Tuan Linh , Bui Thi Thuy Nga , Nguyen Anh Ngoc 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsThe study aimed at determining 5‐year incidence and prediction nomogram for new‐onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a middle‐aged population in Vietnam.MethodsA population‐based prospective study was designed to collect socio‐economic, anthropometric, lifestyle and clinical data. Five‐year T2D incidence was estimated and adjusted for age and sex. Hazard ratio (HR) for T2D was investigated using discrete‐time proportional hazards model. T2D prediction model entering the most significant risk factors was developed using the multivariable logistic‐regression algorithm. The corresponding prediction nomogram was constructed and checked for discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness.ResultsThe age‐ and sex‐adjusted incidence was 21.0 cases (95% CI: 12.2−40.0) per 1000 person‐years in people with mean BMI of 22.2 (95% CI: 21.9−22.7 kg/m2). The HRs (95% CI) for T2D were 1.14 (1.05−1.23) per 10 mmHg systolic blood pressure, 1.05 (1.03−1.08) per 1 cm waist circumference, 1.40 (1.13−1.73) per 1 mmol/L fasting blood glucose, 1.77 (1.15−2.71) per sleeping time (<6 h/day vs 6–7 h/day) and 2.12 (1.25−3.61) per residence (urban vs rural). The prediction nomogram for new‐onset T2D had a good discrimination (area under curve: 0.711, 95% CI: 0.666−0.755) and fit calibration (mean absolute error: 0.009). For the predicted probability thresholds between 0.03 and 0.36, the nomogram showed a positive net benefit, without increasing the number of false positives.ConclusionThis study highlighted an alarmingly high incidence of T2D in a middle‐aged population with a normal range BMI in Vietnam. The individual prediction nomogram with decision curve analysis for new‐onset T2D would be valuable for early detection, intervention and treatment of the condition.
Asymmetry of the insula‐sensorimotor circuit in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Goelman Gadi , Dan Rotem , Růžička Filip , Bezdicek Ondrej , Jech Robert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPatients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience motor and non‐motor symptoms, suggesting alterations of the motor and/or limbic system or more probably of their communications. We hypothesized that the communication between the insula (part of the limbic system) and sensorimotor cortex in PD is altered and hemispheric asymmetric. Furthermore, that this asymmetry relates to non‐motor symptoms, and specifically, that apathy‐related asymmetry is unique to PD. To test these hypotheses, we used a novel multivariate time‐frequency analysis method applied to resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of 28 controls and 25 participants with PD measured in their OFF medication state. The analysis infers directionality of coupling, that is, afferent or efferent, among four anatomical regions, thus defining directed pathways of information flow, which enables the extension of symmetry measures to include directionality. A major right asymmetry reduction of the dorsal‐posterior insula efferent and a slight bilateral increase of insula afferent pathways were observed in participants with PD versus controls. Between‐group pathways that correlated with mild cognitive impairments combined the central‐executive and default‐mode networks through the right insula. Apathy‐correlated pathways of the posterior insula in participants with PD versus controls exhibited reduced right efferent and increased left afferent. Because apathy scores were comparable between the groups and effects of the other motor and non‐motor symptoms were statistically removed by the analysis, the differences in apathy‐correlated pathways were suggested as unique to PD. These pathways could be predictors in the pre‐symptomatic phase in patients with apathy.
Novel methods to correct for observer and sampling bias in presence‐only species distribution models
Authors: Chauvier Yohann , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Poggiato Giovanni , Bystrova Daria , Brun Philipp , Thuiller Wilfried 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimWhile species distribution models (SDMs) are standard tools to predict species distributions, they can suffer from observation and sampling biases, particularly presence‐only SDMs, which often rely on species observations from non‐standardized sampling efforts. To address this issue, sampling background points with a target‐group strategy is commonly used, although more robust strategies and refinements could be implemented. Here, we exploited a dataset of plant species from the European Alps to propose and demonstrate efficient ways to correct for observer and sampling bias in presence‐only models.InnovationRecent methods correct for observer bias by including covariates related to accessibility in model calibrations (classic bias covariate correction, Classic‐BCC). However, depending on how species are sampled, accessibility covariates may not sufficiently capture observer bias. Here, we introduced BCCs more directly related to sampling effort, as well as a novel corrective method based on stratified resampling of the observational dataset before model calibration (environmental bias correction, EBC). We compared, individually and jointly, the effect of EBC and different BCC strategies, when modelling the distributions of 1,900 plant species. We evaluated model performance with spatial block split‐sampling and independent test data, and assessed the accuracy of plant diversity predictions across the European Alps.Main conclusionsImplementing EBC with BCC showed best results for every evaluation method. Particularly, adding the observation density of a target group as a bias covariate (Target‐BCC) gave the most realistic modelled species distributions, with a clear positive correlation (r ≃ .5) found between predicted and expert‐based species richness. Although EBC must be carefully implemented in a species‐specific manner, such limitations may be addressed via automated diagnostics included in a provided R function. Implementing EBC and bias covariate correction together may allow future studies to address efficiently observer bias in presence‐only models, and overcome the standard need of an independent test dataset for model evaluation.
Geographies of the public library: Institutions, architectures, interactions
Authors: Schloffel‐Armstrong Salene , Baker Tom , Kearns Robin A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPublic libraries are increasingly recognised in popular discourse as key sites within urban space. They are implicated in encompassing projects of civic investment and abandonment, education and memorial, as well as providing specific settings for the unfolding of everyday life. However, despite their clear geographical dimensions, geographers have only taken a sporadic interest in public libraries. By taking stock of existing geographical research and extending into allied literatures, the paper proposes three interconnected directions of enquiry, through which geographies of the public library might be considered. First, institutional geographies of the public library involve political‐economic projects and processes, and the changing practices of an institution. Second, architectural geographies of the public library involve aesthetics, arrangement and naming of libraries, focusing on transformation at a branch scale. Third, interactional geographies of the public library involve relations between individuals in the physical library, and the increasing work of care for librarians and other library staff. In the face of digitisation, austerity and other forces that appear intent on assigning the physical presence of the public library to history, this paper highlights some key reasons for their continuing endurance in place, and suggests an agenda for emerging scholarship.