bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do chronic heart failure symptoms interact with burden of treatment? Qualitative literature systematic review
Authors: Austin Rosalynn C , Schoonhoven Lisette , Clancy Mike , Richardson Alison , Kalra Paul R , May Carl R 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveExplore the interaction between patient experienced symptoms and burden of treatment (BoT) theory in chronic heart failure (CHF). BoT explains how dynamic patient workload (self-care) and their capacity (elements influencing capability), impacts on patients’ experience of illness.DesignReview of qualitative research studies.Data sourcesCINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science were searched between January 2007 and 2020.Eligibility CriteriaJournal articles in English, reporting qualitative studies on lived experience of CHF.Results35 articles identified related to the lived experience of 720 patients with CHF. Symptoms with physical and emotional characteristics were identified with breathlessness, weakness, despair and anxiety most prevalent. Identifying symptoms’ interaction with BoT framework identified three themes: (1) Symptoms appear to infrequently drive patients to engage in self-care (9.2% of codes), (2) symptoms appear to impede (70.5% of codes) and (3) symptoms form barriers to self-care engagement (20.3% of codes). Symptoms increase illness workload, making completing tasks more difficult; simultaneously, symptoms alter a patient’s capacity, through a reduction in their individual capabilities and willingness to access external resources (ie, hospitals) often with devasting impact on patients’ lives.ConclusionsSymptoms appear to be integral in the patient experience of CHF and BoT, predominately acting to impede patients’ efforts to engage in self-care. Symptoms alter illness workload, increasing complexity and hardship. Patients’ capacity is reduced by symptoms, in what they can do and their willingness to ask for help. Symptoms can lower their perceived self-value and roles within society. Symptoms appear to erode a patient’s agency, decreasing self-value and generalised physical deconditioning leading to affective paralysis towards self-care regimens. Together describing a state of overwhelming BoT which is thought to be a contributor to poor engagement in self-care and may provide new insights into the perceived poor adherence to self-care in the CHF population.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017077487.
Trends in healthcare utilisation during COVID-19: a longitudinal study from the UK
Authors: Howarth Ana , Munro Morag , Theodorou Alf , Mills Peter R 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThe first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on healthcare utilisation. The aim of this retrospective review was to quantify how utilisation of non-COVID care changed during this time so as to gain insight and inform planning of future services during potential second and subsequent waves.Methods and analysisA longitudinal design was used to analyse anonymous private UK health insurer datasets covering the period of January 2018 to August 2020. Taken as a measure of healthcare utilisation in the UK, incidence rates of claims broken down by service area and condition were calculated alongside overall monthly totals and costs. Pre-COVID-19 years were compared with the current year.ResultsHealthcare utilisation during the first wave of COVID-19 decreased by as much as 70% immediately after lockdown measures were implemented. After 2 months, the trend reversed and claims steadily began to increase, but did not reach rates seen from previous years by the end of August 2020. Assessment by service and diagnostic category showed that most areas, especially those highly reliant on in-person treatment, reflected the same pattern (ie, rapid drop followed by a steady recovery). The provision of mental health services differed from this observed trend, where utilisation increased by 20% during the first wave of COVID-19, in comparison to pre-COVID-19 years. The utilisation of maternity services and the treatment of existing cancers also stayed stable, or increased slightly, during this time.ConclusionsHealthcare utilisation in a UK-based privately insured population decreased dramatically during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, being over 70% lower at its height. However, mental health services remained resilient during this time, possibly due to greater virtualisation of diagnostics and care.
Discovery and 3D imaging of a novel ΔNp63-expressing basal cell type in human pancreatic ducts with implications in disease
Authors: Martens Sandrina , Coolens Katarina , Van Bulck Mathias , Arsenijevic Tatjana , Casamitjana Joan , Fernandez Ruiz Angel , El Kaoutari Abdessamad , Martinez de Villareal Jaime , Madhloum Hediel , Esni Farzad , Heremans Yves , Leuckx Gunter , Heimberg Harry , Bouwens Luc , Jacquemin Patrick , De Paep Diedert Luc , in't Veld Peter , D'Haene Nicky , Bouchart Christelle , Dusetti Nelson , Van Laethem Jean-Luc , Waelput Wim , Lefesvre Pierre , Real Francisco X , Rovira Meritxell , Rooman Ilse 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThe aggressive basal-like molecular subtype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) harbours a ΔNp63 (p40) gene expression signature reminiscent of a basal cell type. Distinct from other epithelia with basal tumours, ΔNp63+basal cells reportedly do not exist in the normal pancreas.DesignWe evaluated ΔNp63 expression in human pancreas, chronic pancreatitis (CP) and PDAC. We further studied in depth the non-cancerous tissue and developed a three-dimensional (3D) imaging protocol (FLIP-IT, Fluorescence Light sheet microscopic Imaging of Paraffin-embedded or Intact Tissue) to study formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples at single cell resolution. Pertinent mouse models and HPDE cells were analysed.ResultsIn normal human pancreas, rare ΔNp63+cells exist in ducts while their prevalence increases in CP and in a subset of PDAC. In non-cancer tissue, ΔNp63+cells are atypical KRT19+duct cells that overall lack SOX9 expression while they do express canonical basal markers and pertain to a niche of cells expressing gastrointestinal stem cell markers. 3D views show that the basal cells anchor on the basal membrane of normal medium to large ducts while in CP they exist in multilayer dome-like structures. In mice, ΔNp63 is not found in adult pancreas nor in selected models of CP or PDAC, but it is induced in organoids from larger Sox9lowducts. In HPDE, ΔNp63 supports a basal cell phenotype at the expense of a classical duct cell differentiation programme.ConclusionIn larger human pancreatic ducts, basal cells exist. ΔNp63 suppresses duct cell identity. These cells may play an important role in pancreatic disease, including PDAC ontogeny, but are not present in mouse models.
Food sources of dietary fibre and risk of total knee replacement related to severe osteoarthritis, the Singapore Chinese Health Study
Authors: Leung Ying Ying , Jin Aizhen , Tan Kelvin Bryan , Ang Li-Wei , Yuan Jian-Min , Koh Woon-Puay 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the association between fibre intake and its food sources, and the risk of total knee replacement (TKR) due to severe knee osteoarthritis (KOA).MethodsWe used data from the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a prospective cohort study that recruited 63 257 participants aged 45–74 years from 1993 to 1998. At baseline, we assessed diet using a validated 165-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, together with body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle factors. Incident TKR cases were identified via record linkage with nationwide hospital discharge database through 2017.ResultsThere were 2816 cases of incident TKR due to severe KOA. The total fibre intake at baseline was not associated with the risk of TKR after adjustment for confounders. Among the food sources of fibre, higher intake of legumes was associated with a lower risk of TKR in a dose-dependent manner; compared with those having the lowest quartile intake, HR (95% CI) was 0.86 (0.76, 0.96) for those having the highest quartile intake (p for trend=0.004). This association was consistent after including BMI in the model and homogeneous across BMI categories. The consumption of other fibre sources, namely grain products, nuts and seeds, soy food, fruits and vegetables, was not associated with the risk of TKR.ConclusionIntake of legumes, but not total fibre, was associated with a reduced risk of TKR. Further research is needed to replicate our findings and to evaluate possible biological mechanisms that could explain the effect of dietary legumes on pathogenesis or progression of KOA.
On the “Froissaron-maximal Odderon” model
Authors: Petrov Vladimir A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe analyse the basic premises of the “Froissaron-maximal Odderon” (FMO) model which was claimed to be “the only existing model which describes the totality of experimental data”. It is shown that the FMO model suffers from serious theoretical flaws while its quality of the data description is such that the probability that it describes the selected set of data is not satisfactory enough.
Muon anomalous magnetic moment and Higgs potential stability in the 331 model from SU(6)
Authors: Li Tianjun , Pei Junle , Zhang Wenxing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe consider a $$SU(3)_c \times SU(3)_L \times U(1)_X$$

S
U

(
3
)

c

×
S
U

(
3
)

L

×
U

(
1
)

X

model from a SU(6) Grand Unified Theory (GUT). In order to explain the anomalous magnetic moments of muon and electron, we introduce two new scalar triplets without vacuum expectation values (VEVs) so that the leading contributions to $$\Delta a_{\mu }$$

Δ

a
μ

and $$\Delta a_{e}$$

Δ

a
e

can avoid the suppression from small muon mass. In addition, the Higgs potential stability of this 331 model is studied by giving a set of sufficient conditions to ensure the boundedness from below of the potential.
Tsallis statistics and generalized uncertainty principle
Authors: Luciano Giuseppe Gaetano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt has been argued that non-Gaussian statistics provide a natural framework to investigate semiclassical effects in the context of Planck-scale deformations of the Heisenberg uncertainty relation. Here we substantiate this point by considering the Unruh effect as a specific playground. By working in the realm of quantum field theory, we reformulate the derivation of the modified Unruh effect from the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) in the language of the nonextensive Tsallis thermostatistics. We find a nontrivial monotonic relation between the nonextensivity index q and the GUP deformation parameter $$\beta $$
β
, which generalizes an earlier result obtained in quantum mechanics. We then extend our analysis to black hole thermodynamics. We preliminarily discuss our outcome in the broader context of an effective description of Planck-scale gravitational physics based on Tsallis theory.
Extensions of several coprime results to good action case
Authors: Ercan Gülı̇n , Güloğlu İsmaı̇l Ş. , Jabara Enrico 
Published: July 2021

Let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be groups where [Formula: see text] acts on [Formula: see text] by automorphisms. We say “the action of [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] is good” if the equality [Formula: see text] holds for any subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] and for any [Formula: see text]-invariant subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. It is straightforward that every coprime action is a good action. In this work, we extend some results due to Ward, Gross, Shumyatsky, Jabara and Meng and Guo under coprime action to good action.
PORTRAIT AND HILBERT TRANSFORM METHODS FOR EVALUATING CONTINUOUS RELATIVE PHASE BETWEEN LOWER-LIMB JOINTS IN THE ELDERLY DURING WALKING
Authors: CHOI HYUK-JAE , KIM GYOOSUK , KO CHANG-YONG 
Published: July 2021

In order to calculate the continuous relative phase (CRP) between joints, the portrait method based on the joint angle and angular velocity and the Hilbert transform method based on the analytical signal have been widely used. However, there are few comparisons of these methods. Therefore, the aim of this study is to quantitatively compare these methods by calculating the CRP in the lower-limb joints of the elderly during level free walking. Eighteen elderly female adults ([Formula: see text] year-old, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg) wearing a Helen Hayes full-body marker set walked 10[Formula: see text]m on level ground at a self-selected velocity. The angles of the hip, knee, and ankle were measured. To calculate the CRP using the portrait method, the angular velocities were measured. Then, the phases between the angle and the angular velocity were calculated. To calculate the CRP using the Hilbert transform method, analytical signals were acquired. Then, the phases between the real and imaginary parts were calculated. A CRP was calculated as the difference between the phase in the proximal joint and the phase in the distal joint. To evaluate the similarity in the shape between the portrait and Hilbert transform methods, the cross-correlation was calculated. Bland–Altman plot analyses were performed to assess the agreement between these methods. For the root mean squares (RMSs) and standard deviations (SDs), a paired [Formula: see text]-test and the Pearson correlation between methods were evaluated. There were similarities in the in-phase or out-of-phase features and in the RMS and SD between the methods. Additionally, a higher cross-correlation and agreement between them were found. These results indicated the similarity between the portrait and Hilbert transform methods for the calculation of the CRP. Therefore, either method can be used to evaluate joint coordination.
Transcatheter Treatment of Secondary Tricuspid Regurgitation With Direct Annuloplasty: Results From a Multicenter Real-World Experience
Authors: Körber Maria I. , Landendinger Melanie , Gerçek Muhammed , Beuthner Bo E. , Friedrichs Kai P. , Puls Miriam , Baldus Stephan , Rudolph Volker , Jacobshagen Claudius , Arnold Martin , Pfister Roman 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Treatment options for secondary tricuspid regurgitation (TR) remain limited. Early real-world data of a new percutaneous direct annuloplasty system for tricuspid repair were examined.

Methods:
The first 60 patients treated with the Cardioband tricuspid valve repair system at 4 centers were included in this retrospective study. The primary efficacy end point was technical success with reduction of TR ≥2 grades at discharge. Combined primary safety end point was major adverse events (death, myocardial infarction, cardiothoracic surgery, and stroke) at 30 days.

Results:

Median patient age was 76 years (73–82), median EuroScore II was 3.9% (2.2–8.1), heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was present in 78%, and 81.7% were in the New York Heart Association class III/IV. Massive or torrential TR was found in 51.7%, and severe TR in 48.3%. The primary efficacy end point was achieved in 45%, while 60.3% of patients had less-than-severe TR at discharge. Vena contracta was reduced by 47% from 12.9±4.8 to 7.0±3.4 mm (
P
<0.001). Overall, the majority of patients (81.7%) improved at least by 1 New York Heart Association class. At follow-up 81.3% of patients presented in the New York Heart Association class I or II. The primary safety end point occurred in 4 patients with 2 in-hospital deaths, both not device related. Right coronary artery complications (vessel perforation or stent implantation) occurred in 9 patients (15%). Procedural time decreased from 298 to 185 minutes (
P
<0.001) with efficacy remaining stable (
P
=0.817) when comparing procedure numbers 11 or more to the earliest 5 procedures per center.

Conclusions:
This first real-world experience suggests that transcatheter treatment of advanced secondary TR using direct annuloplasty is feasible and reasonably safe early in the learning curve, with significant symptomatic benefit. Further studies are warranted to provide data on long-term outcome and patient prognosis.
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Mediate Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Secreting Type I Interferons
Authors: Lai Lina , Zhang Aimee , Yang Boris , Charles Eric J. , Kron Irving L. , Yang Zequan 
Published: July 2021

Background
We previously demonstrated that ischemically injured cardiomyocytes release cell‐free DNA and HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1 protein) into circulation during reperfusion, activating proinflammatory responses and ultimately exacerbating reperfusion injury. We hypothesize that cell‐free DNA and HMGB1 mediate myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury by stimulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) to secrete type I interferon (IFN‐I).

Methods and Results
C57BL/6 and interferon alpha receptor‐1 knockout mice underwent 40 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion (40′/60′ IR) before infarct size was evaluated by 2,3,5‐Triphenyltetrazolium chloride–Blue staining. Cardiac perfusate was acquired in ischemic hearts without reperfusion by antegrade perfusion of the isolated heart. Flow cytometry in pDC‐depleted mice treated with multiple doses of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen‐1 antibody via intraperitoneal injection demonstrated plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen‐1 antibody treatment had no effect on conventional splenic dendritic cells but significantly reduced splenic pDCs by 60%. pDC‐depleted mice had significantly smaller infarct size and decreased plasma interferon‐α and interferon‐β compared with control. Blockade of the type I interferon signaling pathway with cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase inhibitor, stimulator of interferon genes antibody, or interferon regulatory factor 3 antibody upon reperfusion similarly significantly attenuated infarct size by 45%. Plasma levels of interferon‐α and interferon‐β were significantly reduced in cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase inhibitor‐treated mice. Infarct size was significantly reduced by >30% in type I interferon receptor monoclonal antibody–treated mice and interferon alpha receptor‐1 knockout mice. In splenocyte culture, 40′/0′ cardiac perfusate treatment stimulated interferon‐α and interferon‐β production; however, this effect disappeared in the presence of cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase inhibitor.

Conclusions
Type I interferon production is stimulated following myocardial ischemia by cardiogenic cell‐free DNA/HMGB1 in a pDC‐dependent manner, and subsequently activates type I interferon receptors to exacerbate reperfusion injury. These results identify new potential therapeutic targets to attenuate myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury.
“To Be or Not To Be?”
Authors: Coonradt Nicole 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This essay considers Shakespeare through Aristotelianism and Thomism to explore Hamlet as a meditation on tyranny. Based on the classical model of tragedy as presented by Aristotle in his Poetics and further informed by his Ethics and Politics, the essay identifies the climax of the play in order to determine the playwright’s argument about what should have happened instead of what did—namely, the hero should have removed the tyrant Claudius when given the opportunity at Act 3, Scene 3. Shakespeare is deliberately and successfully upending the Aristotelian model, while yet fulfilling its definitions and expectations. The claim is further supported by Aquinas’s six conditions for the right use of anger and vengeance as found in his Summa Theologica. Hamlet’s choice not to act is highly significant—and ironically Shakespearean. The play’s treatment of tyranny may have been a call to action for Shakespeare’s contemporary audience.
Opportunities to decarbonize heat in the UK using Urban Wastewater Heat Recovery
Authors: Farman Ali Shazia , Gillich Aaron 
Published: July 2021

By 2050, the UK government plans to create ‘Net zero society’. 1 To meet this ambitious target, the deployment of low carbon technologies is an urgent priority. The low carbon heat recovery technologies such as heat recovery from sewage via heat pump can play an important role. It is based on recovering heat from the sewage that is added by the consumer, used and flushed in the sewer. This technology is currently successfully operating in many cities around the world. In the UK, there is also a rising interest to explore this technology after successful sewage heat recovery demonstration project at Borders College, Galashiels, Scotland. 2 However, further experimental research is needed to build the evidence base, replicate, and de-risk the concept elsewhere in the UK. The Home Energy 4 Tomorrow (HE4T) project at London South Bank University was created to address this evidence gap. This is the fourth article in the series of outputs on sewage heat recovery and presents some results using sewage data from the UK’s capital London. These data are scarce and provide useful information on the variation of flows and temperatures encountered in the sewers of the UK’s capital. Lastly, we discuss the recoverable heat potential along with policy implications for the UK heat strategy. Practical application This work focuses and accentuate that in order to meet climate change targets, substantial improvements can come by heat recovery from the raw (influent) and treated wastewater (effluent from wastewater treatment plant) that is still unexploited in the UK. The estimation presented indicates that there is much theoretical potential in the UK with significant opportunity for future energy and revenue retrieval along with GHGs emission reduction in the longer term to fulfil the ‘net zero’ objective. This work aims to raise awareness and seek support to promote pilot scale studies to help demonstrate technical and economic feasibility in the building industry.
Classifying and Predicting Surgical Complications After Laryngectomy: A Novel Approach to Diagnosing and Treating Patients
Authors: Koenen Lukas , Arens Philipp , Olze Heidi , Dommerich Steffen 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The total laryngectomy is one of the most standardized major surgical procedures in otolaryngology. Several studies have proposed the Clavien-Dindo classification (CDC) as a solution to classifying postoperative complications into 5 grades from less severe to severe. Yet more data on classifying larger patient populations undergoing major otolaryngologic surgery according to the CDC are needed. Predicting postoperative complications in clinical practice is often subject to generalized clinical scoring systems with uncertain predictive abilities for otolaryngologic surgery. Machine learning offers methods to predict postoperative complications based on data obtained prior to surgery. Methods: We included all patients (N = 148) who underwent a total laryngectomy after diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma at our institution. A univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of multiple complex risk factors was performed, and patients were grouped into severe postoperative complications (CDC ≥ 4) and less severe complications. Four different commonly used machine learning algorithms were trained on the dataset. The best model was selected to predict postoperative complications on the complete dataset. Results: Univariate analysis showed that the most significant predictors for postoperative complications were the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and whether reconstruction was performed intraoperatively. A multivariate analysis showed that the CCI and reconstruction remained significant. The commonly used AdaBoost algorithm achieved the highest area under the curve with 0.77 with high positive and negative predictive values in subsequent analysis. Conclusions: This study shows that postoperative complications can be classified according to the CDC with the CCI being a useful screening tool to predict patients at risk for postoperative complications. We provide evidence that could help identify single patients at risk for complications and customize treatment accordingly which could finally lead to a custom approach for every patient. We also suggest that there is no increase in complications with patients of higher age.