bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel approach for anti-collision planning optimization in directional wells
Authors: Mohamed Abdulrahman 
Published: February 2021

One of the most application of the directional drilling is drilling multiple wells from one location or platform. In drilling multiple wells from one location the major problem that faced is avoiding the collision with the offset wells that drilled near the proposed well in the same region. Therefore, the Potential of Collison between the wells can cause severe catastrophic accidents such as an explosion or oil spill. Several measurements of proximity calculation or methods have been adopted to control the distance between the wells, avoid the Collison, increas-ing the clearance along with smoothing the trajectory, Reducing the drilling time based on the anti-collision rules. A real case study of an offshore directional horizontal well drilled from the platform is studied through the paper. The proposed well is drilled in the neighboring of three Offset wells that should be Planned completely to avoid the Collison with them. The well is planned through an advanced anti-collision method that results in preventing the collision of well with optimized drilling performance through Oriented separation factor (OSF). This factor yields appropriate separation with OSF greater than 5. This yield efficient separation with offset well 1, offset well 2 and offset well 3 greater thant5, In addition to optimized drilling performance of 84% drilling versus 16% sliding that results in the completion of the well in 50 days with positive income that result in 8.55 Return on Investment (ROI).Â Â Â
Security of cloud computing: belongings for the generations
Authors: Jabbar Jahangir , Mehmood Hussain , Malik Hassaan 
Published: February 2021

Cloud computing plays an important role in Information Technology (IT) management. Consequently, various cloud computing developers and users experience different benefits and similarly challenges to its use and potential opportunities in driving the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Despite the increasing benefits of cloud computing, including increased speed of data processing and reduced costs compared to traditional computing, issues of security and privacy risk remain one of the greatest concerns in cloud computing. Through a systematic literature review, the evolution and developments in technology and issues of security and privacy from many years are examined to establish the trends in the threats; and thereby, provides a projection on the future of security of cloud computing. This paper presents the cloud computing aspects (types/aspects, and categories such as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS). The paper dwells on the challenges of cloud computing going into the future with some solutions that have potential to work.Â Â Â
Breast cancer detection using thermal images
Authors: M. Reda Hawas Amany , Twakol Khalil Abeer , Said Marzouk El 
Published: February 2021

Breast cancer is a common disease, accurate and early detection of breast cancer is very important to reduce the mortality and morbidity. Previous studies expose that thermography is a good tool for early detection of the breast cancer. In this paper, a new automatic system will be introduced for the early detection of the breast cancer using thermal images and distinguishing between normal and abnormal breasts. The proposed system is based on combining textural features and histogram of oriented gradients and bag of thermal breast images and then classifying those using three different classifiers: (i) Support vector machine; (ii) Decision tree, and k-Nearest Neighbor. This proposed system provides an automatic classification of the breast cancer using image analysis accurately in low elapsed time. Experimental results showed that cubic SVM has a maximum accuracy of 98.9%, a sensitivity of 98.9%, and a specificity of 99%. When comparing the proposed system with the relevant systems, itâ€™s approved to be more accurate with low elapsed time in learning and testing phase that can help the clinicians in the automatic diagnosis of the breast cancer.Â Â Â
Network architecture of internet backhaul by DVB-RCS standards for shipborne and other mobile applications
Authors: Stojce Ilcev Dimov 
Published: February 2021

In this paper is introduced a new Digital Video Broadcasting-Return Channel via Satellite (DVB-RCS) for the implementation of modern satellite Internet for shipborne, Vehicleborne and airborne mobile applications via Geostationary Erath Orbit (GEO) satellites. Mobile Satellite Internet aims at providing the next generation satellite broadcasting service through C, Ku and Ka-band DVB-S2 standard for Mobile Earth Stations (MES) via GEO satellite and Land Earth Stations (LES) to the ground or other mobile subscribers. It is de facto a mobile interactive broadcast satellite access system, which provides both TV broadcasting and high-speed Internet broadband based on DVB-S/DVB-RCS standards, Internet Protocol (IP) network, World Wide Web, IPTV, E-solutions and Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) systems to the passengers and crews onboard ships, land and aeronautical vehicles.Â Â
Path Planning for Indoor UAV Using A* and Late Acceptance Hill Climbing Algorithms Utilizing Probabilistic Roadmap
Authors: Hopkins Jacob , Joy Forrest , Sheta Alaa , Turabieh Hamza , Kar Dulal 
Published: February 2021

The main objective of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) path planning is to generate a flight path that links a start point to an endpoint in an indoor space avoiding obstacles.Â Path planning is essential for many real-life applications such as an autonomous car, surveillance mission, farming robots, unmanned aerial vehicles package delivery, space exploration, and many others. To create an optimal path, we need to adopt a specific criterion to minimize the distance the UAV must travel such as the Euclidean distance. In this paper, we provide our initial idea of creating an optimal path for indoor UAV using both A* and the Late Acceptance Hill Climbing (LAHC) algorithms. We are adopting an indoor search environment with various complexity and utilize the Probabilistic Roadmap algorithm (PRM) as a search space for both algorithms. The basic idea following PRM is to generate random sample points in the space and search these points for an optimal path. The developed results show that the LAHC algorithm outperforms the A* algorithm.
New temperature dependent models for estimating global solar radiation across the midland climatic zone of Nigeria
Authors: O. Akpootu Davidson , I. Tijjani Bello , M. Gana Usman 
Published: February 2021

Authentic information of the availability of global solar radiation is significant to agro/hydro meteorologists, atmospheric Physicists and solar energy engineers for the purpose of local and international marketing, designs and manufacturing of solar equipment. In this study, five new proposed temperature dependent models were evaluated using measured monthly average daily global solar radiation, maximum and minimum temperature meteorological data during the period of thirty one years (1980-2010). The new models were compared with three existing temperature dependent models (Chen et al., Hargreaves and Samani and Garcia) using seven different statistical validation indicators of coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Bias Error (MBE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Percentage Error (MPE), t â€“ test, Nash â€“ Sutcliffe Equation (NSE) and Index of Agreement (IA) to ascertain the suitability of global solar radiation estimation in five different locations (Zaria, Bauchi, Jos, Minna and Yola) situated in the Midland climatic zone of Nigeria. In each location, the result shows that a new empirical regression model was found more accurate when compared to the existing models and are therefore recommended for estimating global solar radiation in the location and regions with similar climatic information where only temperature data are available. The evaluated existing Hargreaves and Samani and Garcia temperature based models for Jos were compared to those available in literature and was found more suitable for estimating global solar radiation for the location. The comparison between the measured and estimated temperature dependent models depicts slight overestimation and underestimation in some months with good fitting in the studied locations. However, the recommended models give the best fitting.Â Â Â
Soliton solutions of coupled higgs field equation via the trial equation method
Authors: Subhaschandra Singh S. 
Published: February 2021

Since a few recent decades, investigation of nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs) is becoming an important area of research as they have a variety of applications in various branches of social and scientific disciplines like Ecology, Social Dynamics, Financial Mathematics, Engineering and many branches of Physics such as Biophysics, Chemical Physics, Fibre Optics, Fluid Mechanics, Neuro-physics, Particle Physics, Solid State Physics and many more. Many powerful and efficient methods of finding exact solutions of NLEEs have been proposed so far and the Trial Equation Method [ 1 - 5] is one of them. Many authors have successfully used the method in finding exact solutions of a number of NLEEs. In the present paper, soliton solutions of the Coupled Higgs Field Equation [ 6 - 10 ] are being obtained using the Trial Equation Method.Â The Coupled Higgs Field Equation describes system of conserved scalar nucleons interacting with neutral scalar mesons in particle physics. This coupled equation has applications in the studies of Field Theory and Electromagnetic waves as well. This coupled equation introduces the Higgs field to illustrate the mechanism of generation of mass for Gauge Bosons. The Coupled Higgs Field Equation is generally expressed as the following pair of NLEEsÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â (3)Â andÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â (2)Â Here, x and t are spatial and temporal variables respectively, the function Â is a complex scalar nucleon field, the function Â is a real scalar meson field, Â are arbitrary real constants and the subscripts denote partial differentiations with respect to them.Using the Trial Equation Method, the above coupled NLEE is to be solved to obtain some soliton solutions.
Heat Transfers Coefficients of Directly and Indirectly Cooled Component Areas during Air-Water Spray Cooling
Authors: Kahra C. , Nürnberger F. , Maier H. J. , Herbst S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For the determination of heat transfer coefficients in air-water spray cooling, two methods are presented that are capable of characterizing multi-nozzle cooling set-ups. The methods are based on the quenching of thin-walled tubes or massive cylinders on which cooling curves are recorded at given positions with thermocouples. The temperature dependent heat transfer coefficients were calculated by an inverse calculation and the measured temperature-time-curves could be reproduced with these data in numerical cooling simulations. Next, the determined heat transfer coefficients were used for the calculation of an air-water-spray quenching process of a forging part with more challenging geometry. The calculated results were compared with thermocouple measurements. Different calculation variants for the heat transfer on component surfaces not directly exposed to the air-water spray are shown and discussed. ◼
A Model to Predict the Microstructural Constituents after Quenching and Partitioning of Martensitic Stainless Steels
Authors: Kresser S. , Schneider R. , Zunko H. , Sommitsch C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The typical heat treatment of martensitic stainless steels comprises hardening and subsequent tempering. Depending on the application and size of the component, tempering is carried out either at low temperatures (< 300 °C) or at high temperatures (> 500 °C). In this paper, tempering at lower temperatures is examined.
First, the austenitizing step is considered in greater detail and an optimized formula for the calculation of the MS temperature of such steel grades is created in order to enable to be modelled. For the calculations, the austenite composition is determined at different austenitizing temperatures using thermodynamic simulation. Furthermore, the transformation of austenite into martensite during quenching is described with the help of the Koistinen-Marburger equation.
The second part deals with effects in the material at low holding temperatures. Here, the influence of different hardening temperatures and interception temperatures of the quenching procedure is investigated. There is no complete partitioning at temperatures of 300 °C. Certain tempering processes can also take place, such as the formation of transition carbides, so-called M3C carbides. A typical tempering with formation of stable Cr-rich carbides does not occur at this low temperature. Finally, the calculated results of the model correlate well with microstructural investigations (XRD, LOM). ◼
Production and Characterization of Biosurfactant byNocardiaSpecies Isolated Form Soil Samples in Tehran
Authors: Javadi Ali , Pourmand Mohamad Reza , Hamedi Javad , Gharebaghi Fatemeh , Baseri Zohre , Rahdar Hossein Ali , Morovvati Abbas , Mohammadzadeh Razieh , Eshraghi Seyyed Saeed 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work, we report theNocardiaspecies were initially screened and then tested for their ability to produce biosurfactant. The biosurfactant production from theNocardiaspecies was determined by qualitative standard methods. The selected bacterial strain had better oil spreading and emulsifying activity and surface tension reduction. The biosurfactant producer strain was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and comparative analysis, the biosurfactant structure could be detected. Oil spreading tests and blue agar plate tests confirmed the presence of biosurfactant and extracellular anionic glycolipids. The E24% assay using olive oil showed strong emulsifying characteristic of extracted biosurfactant with a 100%. The stability of the biosurfactant produced in different conditions was significant.Nocardiacoubleae was identified by biochemical methods and molecular methods.
Evolution of nonlinear stationary formations in a quantum plasma at finite temperature
Authors: Chandra Swarniv , Das Chinmay , Sarkar Jit 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper we have studied the gradual evolution of stationary formations in electron acoustic waves at a finite temperature quantum plasma. We have made use of Quantum hydrodynamics model equations and obtained the KdV-Burgers equation. From here we showed how the amplitude modulated solitons evolve from double layer structures through shock fronts and ultimately converging into solitary structures. We have studied the various parametric influences on such stationary structure and also showed how the gradual variations of these parameter affect the transition from one form to another. The results thus obtained will help in the generation and structure of the structures in their respective domain. Much of the experiments on dense plasma will benefit from the parametric study. Further we have studied amplitude modulation followed by a detailed study on chaos.
Automated High-Speed S-Wave Velocity Tomographic System for Laboratory Geotechnical Engineering Process Monitoring – A Study on Pile Installation
Authors: Wu Y. , Zhang Z. , Chow J. K. , Wang Y. H. , Leung M. L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper reports the innovative development of a flexible, multiple-layer, economical but robust, and automated high-speed shear wave (Vs) tomographic control and data acquisition system for process monitoring in the laboratory and the associated validation for monitoring the dynamic process of model pile installation. This tailor-made tomographic system consists of four major parts: (i) the control unit built with a microcontroller board, (ii) a signal generating unit, (iii) three layers of bender element sensing arrays (including 14 source and receiver bender elements per layer), and (iv) a signal receiving unit. The system allows for sampling rates up to 1 GS/s (20 MS/s were used in this study); the required total measurement time is 2.94 seconds (i.e., for 196 ray path measurements) to allow for dynamic process monitoring. The obtained time-lapse Vs tomographic images during pile installation show that Vs first gradually increases when the pile toe is approaching the sensing layer and gradually decreases afterward as the pile toe penetrates through the layer. The validity of the Vs tomographic images is supported by similar responses in variations of the circumferential stress σc′ and radial stress σr′, measured by the tactile pressure sensors.
Changes in Presynaptic Gene Expression during Homeostatic Compensation at a Central Synapse
Authors: Harrell Evan R. , Pimentel Diogo , Miesenböck Gero 
Published: February 2021

Homeostatic matching of pre- and postsynaptic function has been observed in many species and neural structures, but whether transcriptional changes contribute to this form of trans-synaptic coordination remains unknown. To identify genes whose expression is altered in presynaptic neurons as a result of perturbing postsynaptic excitability, we applied a transcriptomics-friendly, temperature-inducible Kir2.1-based activity clamp at the first synaptic relay of theDrosophilaolfactory system, a central synapse known to exhibit trans-synaptic homeostatic matching. Twelve hours after adult-onset suppression of activity in postsynaptic antennal lobe projection neurons of males and females, we detected changes in the expression of many genes in the third antennal segment, which houses the somata of presynaptic olfactory receptor neurons. These changes affected genes with roles in synaptic vesicle release and synaptic remodeling, including several implicated in homeostatic plasticity at the neuromuscular junction. At 48 h and beyond, the transcriptional landscape tilted toward protein synthesis, folding, and degradation; energy metabolism; and cellular stress defenses, indicating that the system had been pushed to its homeostatic limits. Our analysis suggests that similar homeostatic machinery operates at peripheral and central synapses and identifies many of its components. The presynaptic transcriptional response to genetically targeted postsynaptic perturbations could be exploited for the construction of novel connectivity tracing tools.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHomeostatic feedback mechanisms adjust intrinsic and synaptic properties of neurons to keep their average activity levels constant. We show that, at a central synapse in the fruit fly brain, these mechanisms include changes in presynaptic gene expression that are instructed by an abrupt loss of postsynaptic excitability. The trans-synaptically regulated genes have roles in synaptic vesicle release and synapse remodeling; protein synthesis, folding, and degradation; and energy metabolism. Our study establishes a role for transcriptional changes in homeostatic synaptic plasticity, points to mechanistic commonalities between peripheral and central synapses, and potentially opens new opportunities for the development of connectivity-based gene expression systems.
Risk of bone fractures after the diagnosis of adrenal adenomas: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Li Dingfeng , Kaur Ravinder Jeet , Zhang Catherine D , Ebbehoj Andreas , Singh Sumitabh , Atkinson Elizabeth J , Achenbach Sara J , Rocca Walter , Khosla Sundeep , Bancos Irina 
Published: February 2021

Objective
Several small studies reported increased prevalence and incidence of asymptomatic vertebral fractures in patients with non-functioning adrenal adenomas and adenomas with mild autonomous cortisol secretion. However, the risk of symptomatic fractures at vertebrae, and at other sites remains unknown. Our objective was to determine the prevalence and incidence of symptomatic site-specific fractures in patients with adrenal adenomas.

Design
Population-based cohort study, Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA, 1995–2017.

Methods
Participants were the patients with adrenal adenoma and age/sex-matched referent subjects. Patients with overt hormone excess were excluded. Main outcomes measures were prevalence and incidence of bone fractures.

Results
Of 1004 patients with adrenal adenomas, 582 (58%) were women, and median age at diagnosis was 63 years (20–96). At the time of diagnosis, patients had a higher prevalence of previous fractures than referent subjects (any fracture: 47.9% vs 41.3%, P = 0.003, vertebral fracture: 6.4% vs 3.6%, P = 0.004, combined osteoporotic sites: 16.6% vs 13.3%, P = 0.04). Median duration of follow-up was 6.8 years (range: 0–21.9 years). After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, tobacco use, prior history of fracture, and common causes of secondary osteoporosis, patients with adenoma had hazard ratio of 1.27 (95% CI: 1.07–1.52) for developing a new fracture during follow up when compared to referent subjects.

Conclusions
Patients with adrenal adenomas have higher prevalence of fractures at the time of diagnosis and increased risk to develop new fractures when compared to referent subjects.