bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Jewish Young Adult Experiences and Perceptions of Antisemitism in America from 2017 to 2019
Authors: Wright Graham , Volodarsky Sasha , Hecht Shahar , Saxe Leonard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSince 2016, a series of horrific acts motivated by antisemitism appear to have caused a fundamental shift in the prevalence of antisemitism in the United States. Little is known, however, about how the events during this time have affected the day-to-day experiences and concerns of American Jews. Using repeated cross-sectional data from surveys of Jewish young adults who applied to Birthright Israel, this paper analyzes recent trends in Jewish young adults’ experiences and perceptions of antisemitism. Despite the high-profile incidents during this period, there is no evidence of a major increase in experiences of antisemitic harassment among Jewish young adults—either on or off campus—between 2017 and 2019. At the same time, data show a substantial increase in concerns among young Jews about antisemitism in the United States and on college campuses, with concerns about antisemitism in the United States (but not on campus) being especially concentrated among liberal Jews. These results suggest that Jewish concerns about antisemitism are linked to broader views about the climate for marginalized populations in the United States. They also point to growing Jewish anxieties over violence, safety, and acceptance in the United States. In an era of widely disseminated antisemitic conspiracy theories, even young Jews who have no first-hand experience of antisemitic harassment have become concerned.
Impact of the recreational use of virtual reality on physical and mental wellbeing during the Covid-19 lockdown
Authors: Siani Alessandro , Marley Sarah Anne 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic has brought about significant changes to most aspects of our lives. As a result of the quarantine enforced by governments and authorities worldwide, people had to suddenly adapt their daily routines, including work, study, diet, leisure and fitness activities to the new circumstances. A growing body of research indicates that the engagement with virtual reality (VR) activities can have a positive impact on users’ mental and physical wellbeing. This study aims to evaluate the impact of VR activities on users under lockdown due to the Covid-19 pandemic. An online survey was carried out to investigate the recreational use of VR during the lockdown period and to gather users’ opinions on its impact on their physical and mental health. Non-parametric tests were used to evaluate the statistical significance of the responses provided by the 646 participants. The results of the survey show that VR use has significantly increased during the lockdown period for most participants, who expressed overwhelmingly positive opinions on the impact of VR activities on their mental and physical wellbeing. Strikingly, self-reported intensity of physical activity was considerably more strenuous in VR users than in console users. Given the current uncertainty as to the duration and course of the pandemic, as well as the possibility of intermittent lockdown in the upcoming years, the outcomes of this study could have a significant impact towards the development and deployment of VR-based strategies aimed at helping the population cope with prolonged social distancing, with particular regards to vulnerable individuals.
Visualization of submerged turbulent jets using particle tracking velocimetry
Authors: Shaffer Franklin , Ibarra Eric , Savaş Ömer 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Over the past few decades, advances have been made in using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) for mapping of Lagrangian velocity and acceleration flow fields. With PIV, Lagrangian trajectories are not measured directly; rather, hypothetical trajectories must be constructed from sequences of Eulerian velocity snapshots. Because PTV directly measures actual trajectories, it provides distinct advantages over PIV, especially for trajectories with abrupt changes in direction. In this work, a novel particle tracking algorithm is described, then applied to track trajectories of tracer particles in submerged turbulent jets. The Reynolds numbers ranged from 1000 to 25,000, thereby covering laminar, transitioning-to-turbulence, and fully turbulent flow regimes. The novel particle tracking algorithm is designed to handle flows with very high particle concentrations, thereby resolving small-scale flow structures. Trajectories are tracked with high velocity gradients, sharp curvatures, cycloids, abrupt changes in direction, and strong recirculation—all of which are inaccessible via construction from PIV sequences. Most trajectories measured in this work are at least 500 camera frames (time steps) long, with many being more than 3000 frames long.

Graphic abstract
Multiplex Molecular Point-of-Care Test for Syndromic Infectious Diseases
Authors: Kim Hanbi , Huh Hee Jae , Park Eunkyoung , Chung Doo-Ryeon , Kang Minhee 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPoint-of-care (POC) molecular diagnostics for clinical microbiology and virology has primarily focused on the detection of a single pathogen. More recently, it has transitioned into a comprehensive syndromic approach that employs multiplex capabilities, including the simultaneous detection of two or more pathogens. Multiplex POC tests provide higher accuracy to for actionable decisionmaking in critical care, which leads to pathogen-specific treatment and standardized usages of antibiotics that help prevent unnecessary processes. In addition, these tests can be simple enough to operate at the primary care level and in remote settings where there is no laboratory infrastructure. This review focuses on state-of-the-art multiplexed molecular point-of-care tests (POCT) for infectious diseases and efforts to overcome their limitations, especially related to inadequate throughput for the identification of syndromic diseases. We also discuss promising and imperative clinical POC approaches, as well as the possible hurdles of their practical applications as front-line diagnostic tests.
Age and comorbidities do not affect short-term outcomes after laparoscopic rectal cancer resection in elderly patients. A multi-institutional cohort study in 287 patients
Authors: Peltrini Roberto , Imperatore Nicola , Carannante Filippo , Cuccurullo Diego , Capolupo Gabriella Teresa , Bracale Umberto , Caricato Marco , Corcione Francesco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPostoperative complications and mortality rates after rectal cancer surgery are higher in elderly than in non-elderly patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether, like in open surgery, age and comorbidities affect postoperative outcomes limiting the benefits of a laparoscopic approach. Between April 2011 and July 2020, data of 287 patients with rectal cancer submitted to laparoscopic rectal resection from different institutions were collected in an electronic database and were categorized into two groups: < 75 years and ≥ 75 years of age. Perioperative data and short-term outcomes were compared between these groups. Risk factors for postoperative complications were determined on multivariate analysis, including age groups and previous comorbidities as variables. Seventy-seven elderly patients had both higher ASA scores (p < 0.001) and cardiovascular disease rates (p = 0.02) compared with 210 non-elderly patients. There were no significative differences between groups in terms of overall postoperative complications (p = 0.3), number of patients with complications (p = 0.2), length of stay (p = 0.2) and death during hospitalization (p = 0.9). The only independent variables correlated with postoperative morbidity were male gender (OR 2.56; 95% CI 1.53–3.68, p < 0.01) and low-medium localization of the tumor (OR 2.12; 75% CI 1.43–4.21, p < 0.01). Although older people are more frail patients, short-term postoperative outcomes in patients ≥ 75 years of age were similar to those of younger patients after laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. Elderly patients benefit from laparoscopic rectal resection as well as non-elderly patient, despite advanced age and comorbidities.
Effects of levetiracetam and oxcarbazepine monotherapy on intellectual and cognitive development in children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
Authors: Suo Gui-hai , Zheng Yu-qin , Wu You-jia , Tang Ji-hong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLevetiracetam (LEV) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) are commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy, but their efficacy and safety have seldom been compared for the treatment of children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS). We thus assessed the efficacy of LEV and OXC monotherapy in the treatment of children with BECTS, and the effect of this treatment on children’s intelligence and cognitive development. This was a randomized, single-center trial. Children with BECTS were randomized (1:1) into LEV and OXC groups, and were assessed at 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment. The primary outcomes were the frequency of seizures and changes in intelligence and cognitive function. Secondary outcomes were electroencephalogram (EEG) results and safety. Seventy children were enrolled and randomized to the LEV group or the OXC group, and 32 of the 35 children in each group completed the study. After 6 months, the effective treatment rate of the OXC group was significantly higher than that of the LEV group (78.12 vs. 53.12%, p = 0.035). However, no significant inter-group difference was observed in EEG improvement (p = 0.211). In terms of intelligence and cognitive development, children in the OXC group exhibited significantly improved choice reaction time, mental rotation, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test results (all p < 0.05). Both LEV and OXC were well tolerated, with 18.75 and 21.88% of children reporting mild adverse events (p = 0.756). OXC monotherapy was more effective than LEV for children with BECTS. In addition, children with OXC monotherapy had higher improvements in children’s intelligence and cognitive function than those with LEV monotherapy.
A new energy-positive technological approach for wastewater treatment and bioenergy generation using a photo anoxic baffled reactor (PABR)
Authors: Hasan M. , Khalekuzzaman Md. , Alamgir M. , Datta P. , Kabir S. B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study proposed a new energy-positive technological approach for wastewater treatment and bioenergy generation using an algal–bacterial symbiosis system in a photo anoxic baffled reactor (PABR). The PABR consisted of a sedimentation chamber, four regular baffled chambers, and two floated filter media chambers. The PABR was operated in the presence of natural sunlight with an average intensity of 30 µmoles/m2/s. A wide range of ORP (−215 to 255 mV) data suggested that a suitable environment condition existed in the PABR for photosynthesis, nitrification, and denitrification. Simultaneous nitrification/denitrification (SND) was observed in the first three chambers, and microbial assimilation was governed in the last four chambers. An average biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), NH3–N, total nitrogen (TN), and PO43− removal efficiencies were more than 88, 48, 36, and 42%, respectively. Moreover, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) was carried out for sludge and microalgae samples for bioenergy (e.g., biocrude and biochar) conversion, where the sludge sample containing microalgae and bacteria was collected from PABR and microalgae sample was collected from photobioreactor. Finally, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was done for both biocrude and biochar derived from sludge and microalgae samples, and it was suggested that the biocrude and biochar derived from sludge sample were better than that of microalgae sample.
Meat consumption, stratified by dietary quality, and risk of heart disease
Authors: Møller Sanne Pagh , Mejborn Heddie , Christensen Anne Illemann , Biltoft-Jensen Anja , Thygesen Lau Caspar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAssociations between meat consumption and heart disease have been assessed in several studies, but it has been suggested that other dietary factors influence these associations. The aim of the present study was to assess whether meat consumption is associated with ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and if the association is modified by dietary quality. The analyses were based on the cohort of adult participants in the Danish National Survey on Diet and Physical Activity in 2000–2002, 2003–2008 and 2011–2013. From these surveys, information on meat consumption and dietary quality was extracted. The cohort was followed in national registers to identify incident IHD. Associations were estimated using Cox regression analyses adjusting for socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. Analyses of associations between meat consumption and IHD stratified by dietary quality were subsequently evaluated. Among the 8007 participants, the median follow-up was 9·8 years and 439 cases of IHD were recorded. The results suggested a trend between consumption increments of 100 g/d of red meat (hazard ratio (HR) = 1·23; 95 % CI 0·99, 1·53) or of 50 g/d of processed meat (HR = 1·09; 95 % CI 0·93, 1·29) and higher risk of IHD. The trends were, however, not statistically significant. Stratification by dietary quality did not suggest that associations between meat consumption and risk of IHD were modified by dietary quality. This population-based cohort study with detailed dietary information suggested a trend with higher meat consumption being associated with higher risk of IHD, but the association was not statistically significant. Results did not indicate that dietary quality modifies such associations.
Specifying separation: avoidance, abstraction, openness to new experiences
Authors: Körner Anita , Strack Fritz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lee and Schwarz suggest grounded procedures of separation as a mechanism for embodied cleansing. We compare this process to other mechanisms in grounded cognition and suggest a broader conceptualization that allows integration into general cognitive models of social behavior. Specifically, separation will be understood as a mindset of completed avoidance resulting in high abstraction and openness to new experiences.
Cultural mindsets shape what grounded procedures mean: Cleansing can separate or connect and separating can feel good or not so good
Authors: Oyserman Daphna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAre grounded procedures such as cleansing value-neutral main effects? Culture-as-situated-cognition theory suggests otherwise. Societies differ in how frequently they trigger membership and individualizing cultural mindsets and their linked mental-procedures – connecting and separating, respectively. Commonly triggered mindsets (and their linked mental-procedures) feel fluent. Fluency feels good. Cleansing can separate from but also connect to others in the form of membership-based rituals.
Grounding together: Shared reality and cleansing practices
Authors: Rossignac-Milon Maya , Higgins E. Tory 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We propose that cleansing behaviors and other acts of separation or connection have more powerful effects when they are grounded in shared practices – in a shared reality. We conceptualize sensorimotor and shared reality effects as synergistic. Most potent should be physical behaviors performed collectively as a shared practice (e.g., communal bathing), grounded both in sensorimotor experience and in shared reality.
Evaluation of carotid artery access in comparison with femoral artery access in neonatal percutaneous stenting of ductus arteriosus
Authors: Alsawah Gehan A. , Elmarsafawy Hala , Hafez Mona , Rakha Shaimaa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground:Patent ductus arteriosus stenting in duct-dependent pulmonary circulation is a challenging procedure. Percutaneous carotid artery access for ductal stenting has proven to be feasible; however, comparison with femoral artery access in terms of procedure details and complications either immediate or late is scarce. Therefore, we evaluated carotid artery access in comparison with femoral artery for stenting of patent ductus arteriosus.Methods:Forty neonates were reviewed, 20 were stented via carotid artery access, and 20 via the traditional femoral artery access. Comparison variables were neonatal demographics at the procedure, angiographic ductal anatomy, procedure details, and immediate complications. Follow-up Doppler ultrasound on access site was performed to document late complications.Results:Median age of included cases was 10.5 (3–28) days with complex ductal anatomy more frequently accessed via carotid artery than femoral. Immediate access-related complications were significantly higher with femoral than carotid artery access; 9 (45%) versus 3 (15%) respectively, p = 0.038. With carotid access, we had only one case with small pseudoaneurysm and acute hemiparesis 3 days after the procedure. Delayed local complications were more common with femoral access (15%) than carotid access (5%), mild stenosis in one case, and severe in another with femoral access; while with transcarotid arterial access, only one case had mild narrowing.Conclusion:Percutaneous carotid artery access in neonates is a more convenient approach for patent ductus arteriosus stenting especially with complex ductal anatomy. Moreover, local complications are limited and vascular patency is better preserved, in comparison with trans-femoral arterial access. However, the potential for neurological adverse events should not be overlooked.
Community-Based First Responder Network in Rural Thailand: A Case Study of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Pattanarattanamolee Ratrawee , Sanglun Rujeewan Yomstreeken , Nakahara Shinji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently, the Thai government introduced a novel program to train health volunteers as first responders to deal with increasing acute illness and injuries. This case study demonstrates the potential of this program to improve public access to emergency care through the integration of emergency care with a community-based health care system, specifically in a rural setting. A 39-year-old man collapsed with cardiac arrest in his village. Lay first responders from his neighborhood attended him immediately, administered chest compressions, and contacted Emergency Medical Services (EMS). They continued chest compressions until the EMS unit arrived. While the EMS transported him to the hospital, the patient attained return of spontaneous circulation and consciousness. He returned to his normal life without obvious neurological problems. The Thai strategy to develop a community-based first responder network through health volunteer training would address the issue of inequitable access to emergency care and improve patients’ chances of survival and prognoses.
Non-native Readers Are More Sensitive to Changes in Surface Linguistic Information than Native Readers*
Authors: Bordag Denisa , Opitz Andreas , Polter Max , Meng Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the present study we challenge the generally accepted view based primarily on L1 data that surface linguistic information decays rapidly during reading and that only propositional information is retained in memory. In two eye-tracking experiments, we show that both L1 and L2 adult readers retain verbatim information of a text. In particular, the reading behaviour of L2 German learners revealed that they were sensitive to both lexical (synonyms) and syntactic (active/passive alternation) substitutions during a second reading of the texts, while L1 exhibited only reduced sensitivity to the lexical substitutions. The results deliver an important piece of evidence that complies with several current processing (e.g., Shallow Structure Hypothesis), acquisition (Declarative/Procedural Model) and cognitive (e.g., Fuzzy Trace Theory) approaches and adds a new dimension to their empirical and theoretical basis.
Responses of the Glacier Mass Balance to Climate Change in the Tibetan Plateau During 1975–2013
Authors: Liu Xiaowan , Xu Zongxue , Yang Hong , Vaghefi Saeid Ashraf 
Published: February 2021

AbstractApproximately 70% of the available water in the entire Tibetan Plateau is stored in glaciers. Understanding the impact of climate change on the glacier mass balance is crucial given that the Plateau is the “water tower” of East and Southeast Asia. However, the historical records of the glacier mass balance for the Tibetan Plateau are scattered and incomplete. In this study, we reconstructed the long‐term glacier mass balance from 1975 to 2013 (the data can be downloaded at https://doi.org/10.11888/Glacio.tpdc.270382) using the field observations for seven major glaciers and corresponding meteorological data extracted from the GLDAS CLSM (Global Land Data Assimilation Systems based on the Catchment Land Surface Model) data set. The effects of refrozen water and snow depth on the glacier mass balance was examined. In addition, the response of glacier mass balance to climate change was investigated. The results indicate that most of the glaciers experienced a mass loss during the study period. Large mass loss occurred in glaciers in the southeastern part of the plateau. The glacier in the northwestern part of the plateau (the Muztagh No.15 Glacier) shows a small mass gain. Regarding the mass components of the glacier mass balance, most mass balances are dominated by meltwater, while the Muztagh No. 15 has a component offset. Further analysis manifests that mass balances in the western glaciers heavily change to the change of moisture factor (precipitation), while for the eastern glaciers, mass balance changes respond strongly to the changes of heat factors (air temperature and net radiation). The differences in the mass balance changes are closely related to the westerlies and Indian summer monsoon.
Coupling Between Land Surface Fluxes and Lifting Condensation Level: Mechanisms and Sensitivity to Model Physics Parameterizations
Authors: Wei Jiangfeng , Zhao Jingwen , Chen Haishan , Liang Xin‐Zhong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBiases in land‐atmosphere interaction simulations may originate from different model components or parameterizations and are transferred to the land‐atmosphere system, which causes biases in weather and climate predictions. With a focus on East Asia, we analyze the relationships between land surface sensible and latent heat fluxes (SH and LH), evaporative fraction (EF), soil moisture, and lifting condensation level (LCL) height in ERA5 and MERRA‐2 reanalyzes and simulations from a regional climate model (CWRF) with multiple parameterizations. The results show that SH (soil moisture and EF) is generally positively (negatively) correlated with LCL height because of their mutual positive (negative) influence and the positive feedback loops. The LH‐LCL relationship is sensitive to the local climate and generally positive in humid climates and negative in the semiarid climate; however, only negative correlations can be indicative of a possible impact of LH on LCL. MERRA‐2 shows an overall stronger influence of land on LCL height than ERA5 and CWRF. Different CWRF parameterizations produce different and sometimes contrasting LH‐LCL relationships, which is strongly related to the simulated climate and can be validated. This highlights the need for a deep process‐level understanding of land‐atmosphere interactions in coupled model simulations.