bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antitumor T-cell Immunity Contributes to Pancreatic Cancer Immune Resistance
Authors: Ajina Reham , Malchiodi Zoe X. , Fitzgerald Allison A. , Zuo Annie , Wang Shangzi , Moussa Maha , Cooper Connor J. , Shen Yue , Johnson Quentin R. , Parks Jerry M. , Smith Jeremy C. , Catalfamo Marta , Fertig Elana J. , Jablonski Sandra A. , Weiner Louis M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Pancreatic tumors are minimally infiltrated by T cells and are largely refractory to immunotherapy. Accordingly, the role of T-cell immunity in pancreatic cancer has been somewhat overlooked. Here, we hypothesized that immune resistance in pancreatic cancer was induced in response to antitumor T-cell immune responses and that understanding how pancreatic tumors respond to immune attack may facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. We now provide evidence that T-cell–dependent host immune responses induce a PDAC-derived myeloid mimicry phenomenon and stimulate immune resistance. Three KPC mouse models of pancreatic cancer were used: the mT3-2D (Kras+/LSL-G12D; Trp53+/LSL-R172H; Pdx1-Cre) subcutaneous and orthotopic models, as well as the KP1 (p48-CRE/LSL-Kras/Trp53flox/flox) subcutaneous model. KPC cancer cells were grown in immunocompetent and immunodeficient C57BL/6 mice and analyzed to determine the impact of adaptive immunity on malignant epithelial cells, as well as on whole tumors. We found that induced T-cell antitumor immunity, via signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), stimulated malignant epithelial pancreatic cells to induce the expression of genes typically expressed by myeloid cells and altered intratumoral immunosuppressive myeloid cell profiles. Targeting the Janus Kinase (JAK)/STAT signaling pathway using the FDA-approved drug ruxolitinib overcame these tumor-protective responses and improved anti–PD-1 therapeutic efficacy. These findings provide future directions for treatments that specifically disable this mechanism of resistance in PDAC.
Imaging Markers of Brain Frailty and Outcome in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bu Ning , Khlif Mohamed Salah , Lemmens Robin , Wouters Anke , Fiebach Jochen B. , Chamorro Angel , Ringelstein E. Bernd , Norrving Bo , Laage Rico , Grond Martin , Wilms Guido , Brodtmann Amy , Thijs Vincent 
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose:
Functional outcome after stroke may be related to preexisting brain health. Several imaging markers of brain frailty have been described including brain atrophy and markers of small vessel disease. We investigated the association of these imaging markers with functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke.

Methods:
We retrospectively studied patients with acute ischemic stroke enrolled in the AXIS-2 trial (AX200 in Ischemic Stroke Trial), a randomized controlled clinical trial of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor versus placebo. We assessed the ratio of brain parenchymal volume to total intracerebral volumes (ie, the brain parenchymal fraction) and total brain volumes from routine baseline magnetic resonance imaging data obtained within 9 hours of symptom onset using the unified segmentation algorithm in SPM12. Enlarged perivascular spaces, white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, as well as a small vessel disease burden, were rated visually. Functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score) at day 90 were determined. Logistic regression was used to test associations between brain imaging features and functional outcomes.

Results:
We enrolled 259 patients with a mean age of 69±12 years and 46 % were female. Increased brain parenchymal fraction was associated with higher odds of excellent outcome (odds ratio per percent increase, 1.078 [95% CI, 1.008–1.153]). Total brain volumes and small vessel disease burden were not associated with functional outcome. An interaction between brain parenchymal fraction and large vessel occlusion on excellent outcome was not observed.

Conclusions:
Global brain health, as assessed by brain parenchymal fraction on magnetic resonance imaging, is associated with excellent functional outcome after ischemic stroke.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00927836.
Revision of the Australian soldier fly genus Antissella White, 1914, including six new species (Stratiomyidae: Antissinae)
Authors: Lessard Bryan D. , Yeates David K. , Woodley Norman E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Antissella White, 1914 is a small genus of soldier flies endemic to Australia, previously thought to comprise only two described species and suspected to have a role in pollination. Six new species of Antissella are named, described and illustrated herein, and an updated identification key to all known species is provided. The new species include: Antissella alicespringsensis Lessard & Woodley sp.n., Antissella elongata Lessard & Woodley, sp.n., Antissella kalbarriensis Lessard & Woodley sp.n., Antissella nigricentralis Lessard & Woodley sp.n., Antissella ottensorum Lessard & Woodley, sp.n., and Antissella purprasina Lessard & Woodley, sp.n. A lectotype and paralectotype are also selected for Antissella quinquecella (Macquart, 1846). Eight species of Antissella are now recognised from Australia. Three of the new species are known from areas burned by the devastating 2019/2020 Australian summer bushfires. Now that they are formally named and described, the species may be recognised in future bushfire recovery monitoring programs.
Optimization of chromosome doubling treatment for efficient in vivo doubled haploid production in maize
Authors: Kumar Sourbh , Chandel Uttam , Guleria Satish Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
An investigation to optimize the protocol for application of colchicine for enhancing the doubled haploid production in maize was done. 106 maize genotypes were used as maternal parents, whereas, pollen source involved tropically adopted haploid inducer (TAIL P1 and TAIL hybrid). After the elimination of chromosomes of inducer lines, haploid seeds were obtained from the crosses. Haploid seedlings were treated with three different doses, such as 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 per cent of colchicines for different durations (8, 12 and 15 hours). The response of various colchicine concentrations applied for different time durations revealed significant differences at P ≤ 0.05 for various parameters viz., per cent plants survivability, stalk colour, the fertility of tassel, silk present/absent, pollen viability, seed set and per cent doubled haploid formation. In maize, colchicine doses of 0.04 per cent for 12 hours and 0.06 per cent for 8 hours, respectively were established as optimum for enhanced doubled haploid production. But among these two, 0.04 per cent for 12 hours was observed to be best dose for doubled haploid production in maize.
What Is a Tornado Outbreak?: Perspectives through Time
Authors: Ćwik Paulina , McPherson Renee A. , Brooks Harold E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe term “tornado outbreak” appeared in the meteorological literature in the 1950s and was used to highlight severe weather events with multiple tornadoes. The exact meaning of “tornado outbreak,” however, evolved over the years. Depending on the availability of scientific data, technological advancements, and the intended purpose of these definitions, authors offered a diverse set of approaches to shape the perception and applications of the term “tornado outbreak.” This paper reviews over 200 peer-reviewed publications—by decade—to outline the evolving nature of the “tornado outbreak” definition and to examine the changes in the “tornado outbreak” definition or its perception. A final discussion highlights the importance, limitations, and potential future evolution of what defines a “tornado outbreak.”
Sources of Subseasonal Predictability over CONUS during Boreal Summer
Authors: Krishnamurthy V. , Meixner Jessica , Stefanova Lydia , Wang Jiande , Worthen Denise , Moorthi Shrinivas , Li Bin , Sluka Travis , Stan Cristiana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe predictability of the Unified Forecast System (UFS) Coupled Model Prototype 2 developed by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction is assessed for the boreal summer over the continental United States (CONUS). The retrospective forecasts of low-level horizontal wind, precipitation and 2-m temperature for 2011–17 are examined to determine the predictability at subseasonal time scale. Using a data-adaptive method, the leading modes of variability are obtained and identified to be related to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), intraseasonal oscillation (ISO), and warming trend. In a new approach, the sources of enhanced predictability are identified by examining the forecast errors and correlations in the weekly averages of the leading modes of variability. During the boreal summer, the ISO followed by the trend in UFS are found to provide better predictability in weeks 1–4 compared to the ENSO mode and the total anomaly. The western CONUS seems to have better predictability on weekly time scale in all three modes.
Increases in Serious Psychological Distress among Ontario Students between 2013 and 2017: Assessing the Impact of Time Spent on Social Media
Authors: Cook Steven , Hamilton Hayley A. , Montazer Shirin , Sloan Luke , Wickens Christine M. , Cheung Amy , Boak Angela , Turner Nigel E. , Mann Robert E. 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of the current research was to examine the association between time spent on social media and serious psychological distress between 2013 and 2017, a period when the rates of both were trending upward. Methods: The current study analyzed population-based data from 3 waves of the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey ( N = 15,398). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between time spent on social media and serious psychological distress controlling for theoretically relevant covariates. Interactions were tested to assess whether the association changed over time. Results: The prevalence of serious psychological distress increased from 10.9% in 2013 to 16.8% in 2017 concomitantly with substantial increases in social media usage, especially at the highest levels. In the multivariate context, we found a significant interaction between social media use and the survey year which indicates that the association between time spent on social media and psychological distress has decreased from 2013 to 2017. Conclusion: Although both social media use and psychological distress increased between 2013 and 2017, the interaction between these variables indicates that the strength of this association has decreased over time. This finding suggests that the higher rate of heavy social media use in 2017 compared to 2013 is not actually associated with the higher rate of serious psychological distress during the same time period. From a diffusion of innovation perspective, it is possible that more recent adopters of social media may be less prone to psychological distress. More research is needed to understand the complex and evolving association between social media use and psychological distress. Researchers attempting to isolate the factors associated with the recent increases in psychological distress could benefit from broadening their investigation to factors beyond time spent on social media.
Effect of Patient Demographics on Minimally Important Difference of Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale Among End-Stage Ankle Arthritis Patients
Authors: Sutherland Jason M. , Albanese Carmela Melina , Wing Kevin , Zhang Yixiang Jenny , Younger Alastair , Veljkovic Andrea , Penner Murray 
Published: January 2021

Background: Ankle replacement and ankle arthrodesis are standard treatments for treating end-stage ankle arthritis when conservative treatment fails. Comparing patient-reported outcome scores to the instrument’s minimal important difference (MID) helps physicians and researchers infer whether a meaningful change in health from the patient’s perspective has occurred following treatment. The objective of this study was to estimate the MID of the Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale among a cohort of operatively treated end-stage ankle arthritis patients undergoing ankle replacement or arthrodesis. Methods: A survey package including the Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale was completed by participants preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively. Distribution and anchor-based approaches to calculating the MID were used to estimate the MID of the Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale and its 2 domains. The distribution-based approaches used were the small and medium effect size methods, while the mean absolute change method and linear regression method were the anchor-based approaches. Bootstrap sampling was used to obtain the variance of MID estimates. The MID was estimated for sex, age, operative, and baseline health subgroups. The cohort comprised 283 participants, totaling 298 ankles. Results: The MID did not vary with sex or operative procedure. Age-based differences in MID values may exist for the Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale total score, and MID values were generally smallest among the oldest patients. Patients with the best and worst ankle-related health preoperatively had higher MID values than patients reporting mid-range Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale values preoperatively. Conclusion: The best estimate of the MID of the Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale total score is 5.81. Our findings indicate that the MID of the Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale may not vary by sex or operative subgroups but likely varies by age and preoperative Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale score. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective comparative study.
Gun Regulation Exceptionalism and Adolescent Violence: A Comparison to
Tobacco
Authors: Camp Catherine 
Published: January 2021

This article compares the landscape of tobacco regulations to the
landscape of gun regulations, with a focus on regulations that target youth.
This article argues that guns are significantly less regulated compared to
tobacco, despite the frequency with which each product causes significant
harm to both self and other.
Many of the specific ways tobacco is regulated can be applied
analogously to firearms while plausibly surviving potential Second Amendment
challenges. This article compares the regulatory landscape of tobacco and
firearms across six categories: (a) minimum age for purchase, (b) sale by
unlicensed individuals, (c) taxation, (d) advertising, (e) graphic warning
labels, and (f) zoning.
At one time, tobacco was as central — or more so — to American culture
as guns are today. However, many decades of public health advocacy led to
historic tobacco regulations. Tobacco's regulatory history provides a
valuable blueprint for gun regulation, despite Constitutional
differences.
The Implementation of an Interpersonal Violence Screening Program in Primary Care Settings: Lessons Learned
Authors: Thompson Erika L. , Fulda Kimberly G. , Grace Jessica , Galvin Annalynn M. , Spence Emily E. 
Published: January 2021

Background Interpersonal violence (IPV) is a public health issue that disproportionately affects women. IPV screening improves likelihood of survivor disclosure and access to additional support. To enhance primary care IPV screening, Technology Enhanced Screening and Supportive Assistance (TESSA) uses integrated technological systems to deliver bidirectional, evidence-informed health navigation, health management, and safety interventions. This study evaluates TESSA implementation in primary care clinics using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Method CFIR is a metatheoretical framework used for evaluating clinical intervention implementation. Salient constructs within CFIR’s five domains (intervention characteristics, outer setting, inner setting, characteristics of individuals, and process) were identified (23 constructs), and pertinent implementation details were examined. Results Key lessons learned included intervention characteristic constructs like intervention source (e.g., selecting tablets that can screen for items integral to the program’s aims) and adaptability (e.g., ensuring tablets worked with electronic medical records for each clinic), process constructs like engaging champions (e.g., garnering buy-in from key clinic stakeholders and staff), outer setting constructs like patient needs and resources (e.g., addressing pertinent patient resource needs) and external policies and incentives (e.g., incentivizing clinics by addressing clinic needs), and inner setting constructs like leadership engagement (e.g., ensuring buy-in from organizational leaders as leadership changed frequently). Conclusions CFIR identifies important implementation factors for programs like TESSA that screen for high-risk populations and implement in primary care settings. The TESSA program implementation permits increased IPV screening among primary health care populations, thus promoting access to resources for otherwise hard-to-reach populations.
Anatomically Complete Supraclavicular Reoperation for Recurrent Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Clinical Characteristics, Operative Findings, and Long-term Outcomes
Authors: Jammeh Momodou L. , Ohman J. Westley , Vemuri Chandu , Abuirqeba Ahmmad A. , Thompson Robert W. 
Published: January 2021

Background: The clinical outcomes of reoperations for recurrent neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS) remain undefined. Methods: From 2009 to 2019, 90 patients with recurrent NTOS underwent anatomically complete supraclavicular reoperation after previous operation(s) performed at other institutions using either supraclavicular (Prev-SC = 48), transaxillary (Prev-TA = 31), or multiple/combination (Prev-MC = 11) approaches. Prospectively maintained data were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The mean patient age was 39.9 ± 1.4 years, 72% were female, and the mean interval after previous operation was 4.1 ± 0.6 years. The mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) score was 62 ± 2, reflecting substantial preoperative disability. Residual scalene muscle was present in 100% Prev-TA, 79% Prev-SC, and 55% Prev-MC ( P < .05). Retained/residual first rib was present in 90% Prev-TA, 75% Prev-SC, and 55% Prev-MC ( P < .05). There were no differences in operative time (overall 210 ± 5 minutes), length of hospital stay (4.7 ± 0.2 days), or 30-day readmissions (7%). During follow-up of 5.6 ± 0.3 years, the improvement in QuickDASH scores was 21 ± 2 (36% ± 3%) ( P < .01) and patient-rated outcomes were excellent in 10%, good in 36%, fair in 43%, and poor in 11%. Conclusions: Anatomically complete decompression for recurrent NTOS can be safely and effectively accomplished by supraclavicular reoperation, regardless of the type of previous operation. Residual scalene muscle and retained/residual first rib are more frequently encountered after transaxillary operations than after supraclavicular or multiple/combined operations. Supraclavicular reoperation can achieve significant symptom reduction and functional improvement for approximately 90% of patients with recurrent NTOS.
Factors Affecting Slip Reduction in Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion With Posterior Fixation for Degenerative Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Chung Nam-Su , Lee Han-Dong , Jeon Chang-Hoon , Jeong Seungmin 
Published: January 2021

Study Design: Retrospective case series Objectives: Reduction of translational/angular slip is a favorable radiological result in spinal fusion for degenerative spondylolisthesis, although its clinical significance remains controversial. Few studies have investigated slip reduction and associated factors in oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) for degenerative spondylolisthesis. Methods: This study involved a retrospective analysis of 56 operated levels of 52 consecutive patients who underwent OLIF for degenerative spondylolisthesis and had more than 1-year of regular follow-up. Translational/angular slip, anterior/posterior disc height, and spinopelvic parameters were measured preoperatively, postoperatively at 6-weeks, and at the last follow-up. Demographic, radiological, and surgical parameters were analyzed to determine factors associated with the amount of slip reduction. Result: The mean follow-up duration was 30.4 ± 12.9 months (range, 12 to 61). The mean decrease in translational slip was 5.7 ± 2.1 mm (13.6 ± 5.5%) and the mean increase in angular slip was 7.9 ± 7.1° at the last follow-up (both P < 0.001). The amount of slip reduction was greater in female sex, age < 65 years, use of a 12° cage, cage position from the anterior disc margin of < 7 mm, and cases with posterior decompression (laminectomy with inferior facetectomy). Conclusions: OLIF showed satisfactory translational/angular slip reduction in degenerative spondylolisthesis. Surgical techniques for optimal reduction include the use of a large angle cage, anterior cage placement, and resection of the inferior facet.
Characterization, thermal behaviour and firing properties of clay materials from Cap Bon Basin, north-east Tunisia, for ceramic applications
Authors: Chalouati Youssef , Bennour Ali , Mannai Faouzi , Srasra Ezzedine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on the characterization, thermal behaviour and firing properties of clays from Cap Bon Basin, Tunisia. Chemical (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy) and mineralogical (X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy) characterization of the clays was carried out. Physical properties were identified using particle-size distribution and Atterberg limits tests. Differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry, dilatometry, XRD and FTIR analyses were conducted to assess the thermal behaviour, transformations and crystalline phase development during firing. The clays studied show large proportions of silt and clay fractions. They are rich in SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 and mostly consist of illite, kaolinite, smectite and minor mixed-layer illite-smectite. Associated minerals are mainly quartz, calcite and feldspar. To monitor the firing properties, three clay mixtures referred to as M1, M2 and M3 were prepared according to the physicochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the raw clays. These were sintered at 900°C, 1000°C and 1100°C and tested for firing shrinkage, flexural strength and water absorption. As a result, various mineralogical transformations occurred at 900–1100°C associated with the crystallization of new phases. The main transformations identified at >1000°C resulted in the formation of anorthite and mullite, causing significant densification of the fired ceramic materials. Sintering at 1100°C increased the densification and thus improved the flexural strength. At this temperature, the sintered ceramic tiles exhibited excellent properties, namely water absorption of 2–3% and flexural strength of 30–41 MPa, indicating that these studied clays might be used as raw materials for the production of stoneware tile ceramics.