bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of the Western Tibetan Vortex inconsistent with a thermally-direct circulation
Authors: Li Xiao-Feng , Yu Jingjing , Liu Shaofeng , Wang Jingzhi , Wang Lei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Western Tibetan Vortex (WTV) is a large-scale circulation pattern identified from year-to-year circulation variability, which was used to understand the causal mechanisms for slowdown of the glacier melting over the western Tibetan Plateau (TP). A recent argument has suggested the WTV is the set of wind field anomalies resulting from variability in near-surface air temperatures over the western TP (above 1500 m), which, in turn, is likely driven by the surface net radiation. This study thereby evaluates the above putative thermal-direct mechanism. By conducting numerical sensitivity experiments using a global atmospheric circulation model, SAMIL, we find a WTV-like structure cannot be generated from a surface thermal forcing imposed on the western TP. A thermally-direct circulation generated by the surface or near surface heating is expect to cause upward motions and a baroclinic structure above it. In contrast, downward motions and a quasi-barotropic are observed in the vertical structure of the WTV. Besides, we find variability of the surface net radiation (sum of the surface shortwave and longwave net radiation) over the western TP can be traced back to the WTV variability based on ERA5 data. The anticyclonic (cyclonic) WTV reduces (increases) the cloudiness through the anomalous downward (upward) motions, causes more (less) input shortwave net radiation and thereby more (less) surface net radiations, resulting in the warmer (cooler) surface and near-surface air temperature over the western TP. The argument is constructive in encouraging examination of the radiative balance processes that complements previous studies.
Efficacy of single-site radiotherapy plus PD-1 inhibitors vs PD-1 inhibitors for oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Peiliang , Yin Tianwen , Zhao Kaikai , Yu Jinming , Teng Feifei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Growing numbers of clinical trials test the efficacy of radiotherapy (RT) plus immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), but the number of irradiated sites is not uniform. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of single-site RT plus immunotherapy in oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with smaller disease burdens and low tumor heterogeneity.

Methods
We retrospectively identified oligometastatic NSCLC (< 4 metastatic sites) patients treated with PD-1 pathway inhibitors with or without RT to a single lesion in our institution between 2018 and 2020. The primary endpoints were the best objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Results
Of the 152 patients enrolled, 93 and 59 were identified as the ICI alone group and the ICI plus RT group, respectively. The addition of RT to ICI therapy significantly increased the best ORR from 31.2% to 50.8% (p = 0.015). The out-of-field (abscopal effect) response rate could reach 41.3% (95%CI 26.5%–56.1%) in the ICI plus RT group. Median PFS was 8.9 months (95%CI 4.7–13.1 months) with ICI alone versus 13.8 months (95%CI 9.5–18.1 months) with ICI plus radiotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] 0.556; p = 0.035). In an exploratory subgroup analysis of PFS, the addition of RT brought greater benefits in patients aged < 65 years (p = 0.016), patients with ECOG PS = 0 (p = 0.048), and patients with 1–2 metastatic sites (p = 0.024). No unexpected adverse events or significantly increased toxicities were observed in the experimental arm.

Conclusion
Single-site RT plus anti-PD-1 inhibitors significantly increased systemic responses and improved survival outcomes in oligometastatic NSCLC patients.
Involvement of an FTO gene polymorphism in the temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis
Authors: Takaoka Ryota , Kuyama Kotaro , Yatani Hirofumi , Ishigaki Shoichi , Kayashima Hiroki , Koishi Yukiko , Kato Takafumi , Egusa Hiroshi , Uchiyama Yuka , Nakatani Atsutoshi , Shimamoto Hiroaki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The FTO gene has been reported as an obesity-associated gene and is also considered a risk gene for osteoarthritis (OA). However, its exact function is unclear, and there is conflicting evidence on the involvement of FTO polymorphisms in OA via obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of FTO polymorphism rs8044769 alleles on OA in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which is minimally affected by body weight.

Materials and methods
A total of 324 TMJs (113 with OA and 211 without OA, serving as controls) from 162 Japanese patients with temporomandibular disorders and undergoing MRI examination were analyzed. Genotyping was conducted, and multivariate analysis was performed after adjusting for the effects of age, sex, body mass index, and TMJ disc abnormalities.

Results
Mean age, BMI, and sex did not differ between the TMJs with OA and the TMJs without OA, but a significant difference was found for positional and dynamic disc abnormalities (P < 0.05). The allele frequency of FTO polymorphisms also differed significantly between the TMJs with OA and the TMJs without OA (P = 0.011). Moreover, logistic regression analysis showed no significant association between BMI (P = 0.581) and the occurrence of TMJOA but also indicated that the CC allele of rs8044769 is a risk factor for TMJOA (P = 0.040).

Conclusions
Our results show that rs8044769 in the FTO gene might be involved in TMJOA.

Clinical relevance
The present study provides a basis for a deeper understanding of the mechanism underlying degenerative skeletal diseases and the more effective selection and development of treatment strategies based on the patients’ genetic characteristics.
Einfluss von Betriebsgrößen auf die Schwingungsreduzierungswirkung im nasslaufenden Kupplungssystem: Empirische Modellbildung – Kennfelder und Skalierbarkeit
Authors: Bischofberger Arne , Ott Sascha , Albers Albert 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungNasslaufende Kupplungssysteme werden, mitunter durch die zunehmende Hybridisierung sowie die Automatisierung von Getrieben, auch in Zukunft in vielen Antriebsstrangtopologien, nicht nur im Bereich der Fahrzeugtechnik, vorhanden sein. Eine Erweiterung der Funktionen des Systems neben dessen Hauptfunktion, um z. B. eine Funktion zur Reduzierung von Schwingungen bietet sich daher umso mehr an. Durch die Verwendung der nasslaufenden Kupplung als Aktor zur Schwingungsreduzierung wird ermöglicht, konventionelle schwingungsmindernde Komponenten hinsichtlich Bauraum und Masse zu reduzieren. Das moderne nasslaufende Kupplungssystem bietet außerdem gegenüber gängigen Komponenten den bedeutenden Vorteil, eine Schwingungsreduzierung bedarfsgerecht einzusetzen und zu regeln.Im Rahmen dieser Veröffentlichung werden Regressionsmodelle zur Beschreibung des Verhaltens von Bewertungsgrößen der Schwingungsreduzierungswirkung wie Amplitudenverhältnis und Winkelbeschleunigung in Abhängigkeit der Betriebsgrößen wie der Grundschlupfdrehzahl anhand eines tribologischen Systems empirisch ermittelt. Es werden Aussagen über die Skalierbarkeit sowie Gültigkeit der Modelle erarbeitet. Neben der Schwingungsreduzierungswirkung wird ergänzend auch die Verlustleistung im schlupfenden Kupplungssystem betrachtet.Die erarbeiteten Modelle begünstigen das gezielte Einstellen und Auslegen zukünftiger Kupplungssysteme für die Funktionserweiterung Schwingungsreduzierung im bedarfsgerecht geregelten Dauerschlupfbetrieb unter Berücksichtigung des Zielkonflikts Komfort vs. Effizienz.
Unmanned Aerial System-Based Multispectral Water Quality Monitoring in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (SW Spain)
Authors: Isgró Melisa A. , Basallote M. Dolores , Barbero Luis 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFew studies have assessed mining-associated water pollution using spectral characteristics. We used high-resolution multispectral data acquired by unmanned aerial drones combined with in situ chemical data to assess water quality parameters in 12 relatively small water bodies located in the Tharsis complex, an abandoned mining area in the Iberian pyrite belt (SW Spain). The spectral bands of Micasense RedEdge-MX Dual and spectral band combinations were used jointly with physicochemical data to estimate water quality parameters and develop reliable empirical models using regression analysis. Physicochemical parameters including pH, ORP, EC, Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, S, Si, and Zn were estimated with high accuracy levels (0.81 < R2 < 0.99, 4 < RMSE% < 75, 0.01 < MAPE < 0.97). In contrast, the observed and modelled values for Ba, Ca, and Mg did not agree well (0.42 < R2 < 0.70). The best-fitted models were used to generate spatial distribution maps, providing information on water quality patterns. This study demonstrated that using empirical models to generate spatial distribution maps can be an effective and easy way to monitor acid mine drainage.
Mechanism, autonomy and biological explanation
Authors: Bich Leonardo , Bechtel William 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe new mechanists and the autonomy approach both aim to account for how biological phenomena are explained. One identifies appeals to how components of a mechanism are organized so that their activities produce a phenomenon. The other directs attention towards the whole organism and focuses on how it achieves self-maintenance. This paper discusses challenges each confronts and how each could benefit from collaboration with the other: the new mechanistic framework can gain by taking into account what happens outside individual mechanisms, while the autonomy approach can ground itself in biological research into how the actual components constituting an autonomous system interact and contribute in different ways to realize and maintain the system. To press the case that these two traditions should be constructively integrated we describe how three recent developments in the autonomy tradition together provide a bridge between the two traditions: (1) a framework of work and constraints, (2) a conception of function grounded in the organization of an autonomous system, and (3) a focus on control.
Constructing software countermeasures against instruction manipulation attacks: an approach based on vulnerability evaluation using fault simulator
Authors: Sakamoto Junichi , Hayashi Shungo , Fujimoto Daisuke , Matsumoto Tsutomu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFault injection attacks (FIA), which cause information leakage by injecting intentional faults into the data or operations of devices, are one of the most powerful methods compromising the security of confidential data stored on these devices. Previous studies related to FIA report that attackers can skip instructions running on many devices through many means of fault injection. Most existing anti-FIA countermeasures on software are designed to secure against instruction skip (IS). On the other hand, recent studies report that attackers can use laser fault injection to manipulate instructions running on devices as they want. Although the previous studies have shown that instruction manipulation (IM) could attack the existing countermeasures against IS, no effective countermeasures against IM have been proposed. This paper is the first work tackling this problem, aiming to construct software-based countermeasures against IM faults. Evaluating program vulnerabilities to IM faults is required to consider countermeasures against IM faults. We propose three IM simulation environments for that aim and compare them to reveal their performance difference. GDB (GNU debugger)-based simulator that we newly propose in this paper outperforms the QEMU-based simulator that we presented in AICCSA:1–8, 2020 in advance, in terms of evaluation time at most $$\times$$
×
400 faster. Evaluating a target program using the proposed IM simulators reveals that the IM faults leading to attack successes are classified into four classes. We propose secure coding techniques as countermeasures against IMs of each four classes and show the effectiveness of the countermeasures using the IM simulators.
Venture creation patterns in academic entrepreneurship: the role of founder motivations
Authors: Hossinger Stefan , Block Jörn , Chen Xiangyu , Werner Arndt 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe path to academic entrepreneurship is characterized by a sequence of venture creation activities, which can be classified into operational-, financing- and commercialization activities. Academic entrepreneurship research is concerned with the question how different motives of scientists affect the patterns of these venture creation activities. Using a longitudinal two-period dataset of 165 academic entrepreneurs from 73 universities in Germany, we propose and test a multi-activity-based model that links different types of entrepreneurial motives to venture creation activities. The findings show that founder motives related to self-realization, necessity and an increased financial income increase the likelihood of completing venture creation activities, whereas work-life balance motivations and the drive to make better use of one’s professional knowledge decrease that likelihood. The desire to translate research ideas into practice has no effect. Our results further show that the positive effects of seeking self-realization and an increased financial income are more pronounced for completing commercialization activities than for operational activities. Our study contributes to research on academic entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial motivations and helps university administrators and policymakers to design their entrepreneurship support programs more effectively.
The energetic barrier to single-file water flow through narrow channels
Authors: Pfeffermann Juergen , Goessweiner-Mohr Nikolaus , Pohl Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVarious nanoscopic channels of roughly equal diameter and length facilitate single-file diffusion at vastly different rates. The underlying variance of the energetic barriers to transport is poorly understood. First, water partitioning into channels so narrow that individual molecules cannot overtake each other incurs an energetic penalty. Corresponding estimates vary widely depending on how the sacrifice of two out of four hydrogen bonds is accounted for. Second, entropy differences between luminal and bulk water may arise: additional degrees of freedom caused by dangling OH-bonds increase entropy. At the same time, long-range dipolar water interactions decrease entropy. Here, we dissect different contributions to Gibbs free energy of activation, ΔG‡, for single-file water transport through narrow channels by analyzing experimental results from water permeability measurements on both bare lipid bilayers and biological water channels that (i) consider unstirred layer effects and (ii) adequately count the channels in reconstitution experiments. First, the functional relationship between water permeabilities and Arrhenius activation energies indicates negligible differences between the entropies of intraluminal water and bulk water. Second, we calculate ΔG‡ from unitary water channel permeabilities using transition state theory. Plotting ΔG‡ as a function of the number of H-bond donating or accepting pore-lining residues results in a 0.1 kcal/mol contribution per residue. The resulting upper limit for partial water dehydration amounts to 2 kcal/mol. In the framework of biomimicry, our analysis provides valuable insights for the design of synthetic water channels. It thus may aid in the urgent endeavor towards combating global water scarcity.
Meet the IUPAB Councilor—Hans-Joachim Galla
Authors: Galla Hans-Joachim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs one of the twelve Councilors, it is my pleasure to provide a short biographical sketch for the readers of Biophys. Rev. and for the members of the Biophysical Societies. I have been a member of the council in the former election period. Moreover, I served since decades in the German Biophysical Society (DGfB) as board member, secretary, vice president, and president. I hold a diploma degree in chemistry as well as PhD from the University of Göttingen. The experimental work for both qualifications has been performed at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen under the guidance of Erich Sackmann and the late Herman Träuble. When E. Sackmann moved to the University of Ulm, I joined his group as a research assistant performing my independent research on structure and dynamics of biological and artificial membranes and qualified for the “habilitation” thesis in Biophysical Chemistry. I have spent a research year at Stanford University supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and after coming back to Germany, I was appointed as a Heisenberg Fellow by the DFG and became Professor in Biophysical Chemistry in the Chemistry Department of the University of Darmstadt. Since 1990, I spent my career at the Institute for Biochemistry of the University of Muenster as full Professor and Director of the institute. I have trained numerous undergraduate, 150 graduate, and postdoctoral students from chemistry, physics, and also pharmacy as well as biology resulting in more than 350 published papers including reviews and book articles in excellent collaboration with colleagues from different academic disciplines in our university and also internationally, e.g., as a guest professor at the Chemistry Department of the Chinese Academy of Science in Beijing.
A method to optimize the length of flexible hose of the radial jet drilling technology
Authors: Hu Zhifang , Yue Weimin , Chi Huanpeng , Xue Zongan , Tang Guanwei , Zhang Xinyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRadial jet drilling (RJD) technology has been applied to enhance the recovery of difficult-to-produce reserves by multiple horizontal micro-holes. The micro-hole length drilled by high-pressure water jets is of vital importance for the oil and gas recovery effect and is usually tens of meters long for applications in maturing oil fields in China. The water jets are generated by multiple orifices nozzle generally. Many studies focused on improving the self-propelled force generated by water jets to increase the micro-hole length. However, there are few researches on improving the micro-hole extension capacity in terms of optimizing the flexible hose that acts as the drill pipe in conventional drilling technology. This paper firstly studied the relationship between the flexible hose length and the micro-hole extension limit according to the analytical model to calculate the micro-hole extension limit. Then, the method to optimize the flexible hose length and the flow rate was developed aiming to obtain maximum micro-hole extension limit. The results show that the micro-hole extension limit decreases logarithmically with the increase in the flexible hose length under the condition that the takes the maximum value. The optimization model is applied by a field case and is proved to be effective to increase the micro-hole extension limit. This study is significant to improve the micro-hole extension capacity. Moreover, it provides a reference for the design of the hydraulics and selection of flexible hose for the RJD.
So different yet so alike: micro and macro labour market outcomes in Germany and Spain
Authors: Güell Maia , Lafuente Cristina , Sánchez Manuel , Turon Hélène 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is well known that German and Spanish labour markets are quite different from a macro point of view. In this paper, we look at these markets through the lenses of individual unstable spells. These include all forms of atypical employment (such as temporary contracts and mini-jobs) as well as unemployment. This combined unstable state captures a fuller picture of the individual experience of volatile income and uncertain employment status than unemployment alone. We find that the survival rates of unstable spells in the two countries are much more similar than those from unemployment. This suggests that the usual focus on unemployment stocks and durations exaggerates the contrast between the two countries in terms of workers’ experience of instability. We place these findings in the context of very similar aggregate shocks in the two countries and different policy choices on labour market reforms.
Application of VR technology in the aircraft cabin design process
Authors: Moerland-Masic Ivana , Reimer Fabian , Bock Thomas M. , Meller Frank , Nagel Björn 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper addresses issues currently present in the aircraft cabin design process. It focuses on making the design process more time and cost efficient, while altogether involving the end-users (passengers and cabin crew) in the development process in its earliest stages. By understanding the underlying issues and reasons the cabin is developed according to the current approach, new methods are established and adapted to suit the needs of such a complex process. In this paper, the preposition is made that Virtual Reality is the key technology for achieving the following goals: shortening the initial cabin design process (from sketch to concept design) and including the end-users and their wishes and ideas into the ideation phase. Through cooperation with an external design agency, a Virtual Reality tool is implemented and tested to ensure the theory behind the established design methodology can also be put into practice.
On the Tits–Weiss conjecture and the Kneser–Tits conjecture for and (With an Appendix by R. M. Weiss)
Authors: Alsaody Seidon , Chernousov Vladimir , Pianzola Arturo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe prove that the structure group of any Albert algebra over an arbitrary field isR-trivial. This implies the Tits–Weiss conjecture for Albert algebras and the Kneser–Tits conjecture for isotropic groups of type$\mathrm {E}_{7,1}^{78}, \mathrm {E}_{8,2}^{78}$. As a further corollary, we show that some standard conjectures on the groups ofR-equivalence classes in algebraic groups and the norm principle are true for strongly inner forms of type$^1\mathrm {E}_6$.