bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A tale of two frameworks: charting a path to lifelong learning for physician leaders through CanMEDS and LEADS
Authors: Chan Ming-Ka , Dickson Graham , Keegan David A. , Busari Jamiu O. , Matlow Anne , Van Aerde John 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to determine the complementarity between the Canadian Medical Education Directions for Specialists (CanMEDS) physician competency and LEADS leadership capability frameworks from three perspectives: epistemological, philosophical and pragmatic. Based on those findings, the authors propose how the frameworks collectively layout pathways of lifelong learning for physician leadership.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a qualitative approach combining critical discourse analysis with a modified Delphi, the authors examined “How complementary the CanMEDS and LEADS frameworks are in guiding physician leadership development and practice” with the following sub-questions: What are the similarities and differences between CanMEDS and LEADS from: An epistemological and philosophical perspective? The perspective of guiding physician leadership training and practice? How can CanMEDS and LEADS guide physician leadership development from medical school to retirement?

Findings
Similarities and differences exist between the two frameworks from philosophical and epistemological perspectives with significant complementarity. Both frameworks are founded on a caring ethos and value physician leadership – CanMEDS (for physicians) and LEADS (physicians as one of many professions) define leadership similarly. The frameworks share beliefs in the function of leadership, embrace a belief in distributed leadership, and although having some philosophical differences, have a shared purpose (preparing for changing health systems). Practically, the frameworks are mutually supportive, addressing leadership action in different contexts and where there is overlap, complement one another in intent and purpose.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to map the CanMEDS (physician competency) and LEADS (leadership capabilities) frameworks. By determining the complementarity between the two, synergies can be used to influence physician leadership capacity needed for today and the future.
Effects of different colorants on service performance for colored asphalt pavement in cold regions
Authors: Fu Xinxin , Chen Yanjun , Sun Minggang , Yu Tengjiang 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
The service performance for colored asphalt pavement is inevitably affected by the addition of different colorants, especially the challenge of low temperature environment in cold regions. Therefore, the purpose of study is to explore the effects of different colorants on the service performance for colored asphalt pavement and to provide a foundation for improving the applicability of colored asphalt pavement in cold regions.

Design/methodology/approach
In the study, three kinds of colorants (iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, iron oxide green) were used to compare the influence of different colorants amounts and different colorants kinds on the service performance for colored asphalt pavement in cold regions. According to the characteristics of low temperature in cold regions, the effects of different colorants on the low temperature performance for colored asphalt pavement were studied.

Findings
The study shows that different colorants have different effects on the service performance of colored asphalt pavement. The high temperature performance increases with the increase of the colorants amount, but the low temperature performance is opposite. Additionally, the yellow colored asphalt pavement has more advantages of low temperature adaptation than the red and green colored asphalt pavement.

Originality/value
The study results provide a certain theoretical foundation for the application of colored asphalt pavement in cold regions and have certain value and significance for the further development of colored asphalt pavement.
Prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist‐II and alpha foetoprotein to predict development of hepatocellular carcinoma in Caucasian patients with hepatitis C‐related cirrhosis treated with direct‐acting antiviral agents
Authors: Degasperi Elisabetta , Perbellini Riccardo , D’Ambrosio Roberta , Uceda Renteria Sara Colonia , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Perego Alberto , Orsini Corinna , Borghi Marta , Iavarone Massimo , Bruccoleri Mariangela , Rimondi Alessandro , De Silvestri Annalisa , Sangiovanni Angelo , Lampertico Pietro 
Published: November 2021

SummaryBackgroundProthrombin induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist‐II (PIVKA‐II) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) are biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, their performance in patients with cirrhosis related to hepatitis C virus (HCV) treated with direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAA) is unknown.AimTo evaluate PIVKA‐II and AFP as HCC predictors in DAA‐treated patients with HCV‐related cirrhosisMethodsIn this single centre study, patients with cirrhosis from chronic HCV infection and with a sustained virological response (SVR) to DAA were tested for PIVKA‐II and AFP (Fujirebio, Japan) at the start of DAA treatment (baseline), end of treatment (EOT) and at HCC diagnosis.ResultsWe included 400 patients with mean age 65 (24‐92); 56% were men. From baseline to EOT, PIVKA‐II did not change (35 vs 35 mAU/mL, P = 0.43) while AFP significantly decreased (12 vs 6 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). After 52 (3‐66) months from baseline, 34 (8.5%) patients developed de novo HCC; median AFP 9 (2‐12 868) ng/mL and PIVKA‐II 80 (22‐1813) mAU/mL. EOT‐PIVKA‐II (HR 3.05, P < 0.0001) and AFP (HR 2.77, P = 0.001) independently predicted HCC together with diabetes (HR 6.12, P < 0.001) and GGT (HR 1.01, P = 0.03). The 4‐year cumulative probability of HCC was 24% vs 2% in patients with EOT‐PIVKA‐II > or ≤41 mAU/mL (P < 0.0001), and 26% vs 9% for EOT‐AFP > or ≤15 ng/mL (P = 0.02). By combining EOT‐PIVKA‐II and AFP, the 4‐year probabilities of HCC were 3% in patients testing negative for both markers, 18% in patients positive for both, and 38% in patients positive for at least one (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn patients with HCV‐related cirrhosis treated with DAA, PIVKA‐II and AFP independently predicted HCC, while their combination improved risk stratification.
Conditional relative survival in Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia: a population‐based study in The Netherlands
Authors: Amaador Karima , Kersten Marie José , Visser Otto , Posthuma Eduardus F. M. , Minnema Monique C. , Vos Josephine M. I. , Dinmohamed Avinash G. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryContemporary diagnosed WM patients, compared to the general population, continue to experience excess mortality regardless of having survived up to 15 years post‐diagnosis. This gradual increase in excess mortality might result from the incurable nature of this disease characterized by multiple relapses throughout the disease course with limited efficacious treatment options in the released/refractory setting.
Metformin versus insulin therapy for gestational diabetes: Effects on offspring anthropometrics and metabolism at the age of 9 years: A follow‐up study of two open‐label, randomized controlled trials
Authors: Paavilainen Elisa , Tertti Kristiina , Nikkinen Hilkka , Veijola Riitta , Vääräsmäki Marja , Loo Britt‐Marie , Tossavainen Päivi , Rönnemaa Tapani , Niinikoski Harri 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsTo compare anthropometrics, and lipid and glucose metabolism in the 9‐year‐old offspring of mothers treated with metformin or insulin for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Materials and MethodsThis was a Finnish two‐centre, 9‐year follow‐up study of two open‐label, randomized controlled trials comparing the effects observed in the offspring of mothers who received metformin and insulin treatment for GDM. Measurements included anthropometrics, blood pressure, lipoproteins, and oral glucose tolerance tests. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02417090.ResultsAt the age of 9 years 172 children (55% of the original study cohort, 82 from the metformin and 90 from the insulin group) participated in the study. No differences were found between the 9‐year‐old offspring groups in anthropometric variables, including body mass index and waist‐to‐height ratio. The offspring in the metformin group had higher high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations (1.72 vs. 1.54 mmol/L; P = 0.039) but lower low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.39 vs. 2.58 mmol/L; P = 0.046) and apolipoprotein B concentrations (0.63 vs. 0.67 g/L; P = 0.043) than the offspring in the insulin group. The difference in HDL cholesterol concentration was found to be significant only in boys (P = 0.003). The 2‐hour glucose value in the oral glucose tolerance test was 0.6‐mmol/L lower in boys from the metformin group than in those from the insulin group (P = 0.015).ConclusionsMetformin treatment for GDM is associated with similar offspring growth and glucose metabolism but a more favourable lipid profile at the age of 9 years as compared to insulin treatment.
Data‐driven estimates of fertilizer‐induced soil NH3, NO and N2O emissions from croplands in China and their climate change impacts
Authors: Ma Ruoya , Yu Kai , Xiao Shuqi , Liu Shuwei , Ciais Philippe , Zou Jianwen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGaseous reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions from agricultural soils to the atmosphere constitute an integral part of global N cycle, directly or indirectly causing climate change impacts. The extensive use of N fertilizer in crop production will compromise our efforts to reduce agricultural Nr emissions in China. A national inventory of fertilizer N‐induced gaseous Nr emissions from croplands in China remains to be developed to reveal its role in shaping climate change. Here we present a data‐driven estimate of fertilizer N‐induced soil Nr emissions based on regional and crop‐specific emission factors (EFs) compiled from 379 manipulative studies. In China, agricultural soil Nr emissions from the use of synthetic N fertilizer and manure in 2018 are estimated to be 3.81 and 0.73 Tg N yr−1, with a combined contribution of 23%, 20% and 15% to the global agricultural emission total of ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO), respectively. Over the past three decades, NH3 volatilization from croplands has experienced a shift from a rapid increase to a decline trend, whereas N2O and NO emissions always maintain a strong growth momentum due to a robust and continuous rise of EFs. Regionally, croplands in Central south (1.51 Tg N yr−1) and East (0.99 Tg N yr−1) of China exhibit as hotspots of soil Nr emissions. In terms of crop‐specific emissions, rice, maize and vegetable show as three leading Nr emitters, together accounting for 61% of synthetic N fertilizer‐induced Nr emissions from croplands. The global warming effect derived from cropland N2O emissions in China was found to dominate over the local cooling effects of NH3 and NO emissions. Our established regional and crop‐specific EFs for gaseous Nr forms provide a new benchmark for constraining the IPCC Tier 1 default EF values. The spatio‐temporal insight into soil Nr emission data from N fertilizer application in our estimate is expected to advance our efforts towards more accurate global or regional cropland Nr emission inventories and effective mitigation strategies.
Listening to the archive: Historical geographies of sound
Authors: della Dora Veronica 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSound is a fundamental dimension of human experience. However, its ephemeral nature poses specific challenges to historical geographers and other scholars concerned with the study of the past. The last two decades have nonetheless witnessed an increased interest in the spatialities of historical sounds and acoustic environments in geography and across the humanities by large. This article offers a brief overview of some of this work. In particular, it traces a cross‐disciplinary move from the study and preservation of past soundscapes to the study of their shifting perceptions, as well as increased attention to the aesthetic and affective qualities of past sounds and their complex poetics and politics. Rather than another subfield to be reinvented by geographers, I suggest that sonic geographies of the past are to be better understood and approached as a dynamic platform for interdisciplinary dialogue and exchange.
German‐style dual apprenticeship training in the Greater Shanghai Area‐ Spatial Agglomeration Dynamics
Authors: Wiemann Judith 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA considerable number of German multinational enterprises (MNE) are located in the Greater Shanghai Area. German MNE in the industrial sector show an inclination to export German forms of technical training—more specifically German‐style dual apprenticeship training—to their worldwide subsidiaries. Within China, this is especially the case for the Greater Shanghai Area, which has established itself as a ‘hotspot’ for dual apprenticeship training in the last 15 years. This paper explores what makes the Greater Shanghai Area such a ‘hotspot’ for dual apprenticeship training—in international comparison—by focusing on factors influencing the spatial agglomeration of dual apprenticeship training activities in this region. The paper finds unevenly distributed institutional resources regarding the attraction of German Foreign Direct Investment as well as unevenly distributed resources at the skill formation system level as important influencing factors. Both factors show ‘self‐reinforcing’ dynamics strengthening already existing spatial agglomeration of dual apprenticeship training activities.
The DOMON domain protein LmKnk contributes to correct chitin content, pore canal formation and lipid deposition in the cuticle of Locusta migratoria during moulting
Authors: Yu R. R. , Zhang R. , Liu W. M. , Zhao X. M. , Zhu K. Y. , Moussian B. , Zhang J. Z. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInsects prevent uncontrolled penetration of water and xenobiotics by producing an impermeable cuticle. The major component of the cuticle is chitin that adopts a crystalline structure thereby contributing to cuticle stability. Our understanding of the contribution of chitin to the cuticle barrier function is limited. Here, we studied the role of the DOMON domain protein Knickkopf (LmKnk) that is involved in chitin organization and cuticle permeability in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. We show that LmKnk localizes to the chitin layer in the newly produced cuticle. Injection of double‐stranded RNA targeting LmKnk (dsLmKnk) in locust nymphs caused failure of moulting to the next stage. Histological experiments revealed that apolysis, i.e., the detachment of the old cuticle from the body surface, was normal; however, the newly synthesized cuticle was thinner than the cuticle of the control insects. Indeed, chitin content dropped after suppression of LmKnk expression. As seen by transmission electron microscopy, crystalline chitin organization was lost in dsLmKnk‐treated insects. In addition, the structure of pore canals, which are lipid transporting routes in the cuticle, was abnormal. Consistently, their content was reduced and, probably by consequence, lipid deposition on the cuticle was decreased after injection of dsLmKnk. Suppression of LmKnk transcript levels rendered L. migratoria more susceptible to each of four selected insecticides including malathion, chlorpyrifos, carbaryl and deltamethrin. Overall, our data show that LmKnk is needed for correct chitin amounts and organization, and their changes ultimately affect cuticular permeability in L. migratoria.
Assessing subsidy policies for green products: operational and environmental perspectives
Authors: Zhang Linghong , Xue Bowen , Li Kevin W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the impacts of two government subsidy policies, a fixed amount subsidy and discount subsidy, on the environment and operations of a two‐echelon supply chain, where the supply chain serves the market with either a marginal cost intensive green product (MIGP) or development‐intensive green product (DIGP). We first derive the equilibrium unit greenness level, pricing decisions, and the resulting economic and aggregate environmental performances. Then, we compare the effects of the two subsidy policies for the MIGP and DIGP with and without a total subsidy budget constraint. The main results are as follows: (1) We identify the congruence regions (conflict regions) within which one subsidy policy dominates the other according to all (some) criteria. (2) With the budget constraint, the fixed amount subsidy outperforms the discount subsidy for both MIGP and DIGP in terms of the unit and aggregate greenness levels.
Effects of screening for geriatric conditions and advance care planning at the Medicare Annual Wellness Visit
Authors: Nothelle Stephanie K. , McGuire Maura , Boyd Cynthia M. , Colburn Jessica L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Medicare Annual Wellness Visit (AWV) requires screening for geriatrics conditions and can include advance care planning (ACP). We examined (1) the prevalence of positive screens for falls, cognitive impairment, and activities of daily living (ADL) impairment, (2) referrals/orders generated potentially in response, and (3) the increase in ACP among those with two AWVs.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, we used electronic medical record data from a Mid‐Atlantic group ambulatory practice. We included adults age > 65 who had ≥1 AWV (n = 16,176) in years 2014–2017. Analyses on high‐risk prescribing were limited to those (n = 13,537) with ≥3 months of follow up and ACP to those (n = 9097) with two AWVs. We used responses from the AWV health risk questionnaire to identify screening status for falls, cognitive and ADL impairment and whether an older adult had an ACP. For each screen we identified orders/referrals placed potentially in response (e.g., physical therapy for falls). High‐risk medications were based on the 2019 Beers Criteria.ResultsPositive screening rates were 38% for falls, 23% for cognition, and 32% for ADL impairment. The adjusted odds of having an order placed potentially in response to the screening were 1.8 (95% CI 1.6–2.0) for falls, 1.4 (1.3–1.7) for cognition, 2.8 (2.4–3.3) for ADL impairment. The adjusted odds of a high‐risk prescription in the 3 months after a positive screen were 2.1 (95% CI 1.8–2.5) for falls and 1.9 (95% CI 1.6–2.4) for cognition. Of those with two AWVs, 48% had an ACP at the first AWV. Among the remaining 52% with no ACP at the first AWV, the predicted probability of having an ACP at the second AWV was 0.22 (95% CI 0.18–0.25).ConclusionOur results may indicate positive effects of screening for geriatric conditions at the AWV, and highlight opportunities to improve geriatrics care related to prescribing and ACP.
ɑO‐Conotoxin GeXIVA isomers modulate N‐type calcium (CaV2.2) channels and inwardly‐rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels via GABAB receptor activation
Authors: Yousuf Arsalan , Wu Xiaosa , Bony Anuja R. , Sadeghi Mahsa , Huang Yen‐Hua , Craik David J. , Adams David J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractαO‐Conotoxin GeXIVA is a 28 amino acid peptide derived from the venom of the marine snail Conus generalis. The presence of four cysteine residues in the structure of GeXIVA allows it to have three different disulfide isomers, that is, the globular, ribbon or bead isomer. All three isomers are active at α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, with the bead isomer, GeXIVA[1,2], being the most potent and exhibiting analgesic activity in animal models of neuropathic pain. The original report of GeXIVA activity failed to observe any effect of the isomers on high voltage‐activated (HVA) calcium channel currents in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. In this study, we report, for the first time, the activity of globular GeXIVA[1,3] at G protein‐coupled GABAB receptors (GABABR) inhibiting HVA N‐type calcium (Cav2.2) channels and reducing membrane excitability in mouse DRG neurons. The inhibition of HVA Ba2+ currents and neuroexcitability by GeXIVA[1,3] was partially reversed by the selective GABABR antagonist CGP 55845. In transfected HEK293T cells co‐expressing human GABABR1 and R2 subunits and Cav2.2 channels, both GeXIVA[1,3] and GeXIVA[1,4] inhibited depolarization‐activated Ba2+ currents mediated by Cav2.2 channels, whereas GeXIVA[1,2] had no effect. The effects of three cyclized GeXIVA[1,4] ribbon isomers were also tested, with cGeXIVA GAG being the most potent at human GABABR‐coupled Cav2.2 channels. Interestingly, globular GeXIVA[1,3] also reversibly potentiated inwardly‐rectifying K+ currents mediated by human GIRK1/2 channels co‐expressed with GABABR in HEK293T cells. This study highlights GABABR as a potentially important receptor target for the activity of αO‐conotoxin GeXIVA to mediate analgesia.
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EU‐China trade and intra‐EU trade: Substitute or complementary?
Authors: Chen Huiyao , Luo Changyuan , Renard Mary‐Françoise , Sun Shiyi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper examines how EU‐China trade affected intra‐EU trade. The estimation shows that when a country's share of trade with China increased, its share of trade with EU partners declined. This suggests that stronger trade links with China resulted in weaker trade links among EU countries. Furthermore, the “disintegration” effect of the export to China was stronger than that of import from China, meaning that the influence of China as an export destination was greater than that of China as a source of import. An extended analysis shows that the disintegration effect was most strongly felt in trade links among EU core countries, less strongly felt in trade links between EU core and periphery countries, and least strongly felt in trade links among EU periphery countries. In comparison, we find that EU import from the United States and India significantly weakened and strengthened intra‐EU trade, respectively. Estimation results using product level data demonstrate that the effects depend on the types of products we are concerned with. Whether using gross value or value added, the conclusions remain valid.