bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with undernutrition and improvement in Indonesia
Authors: Mauludyani A V R , Suryana E A , Ariani M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Stunting among children under five years of age is one of the big problems in Indonesia, damaging adulthood health and work productivity. Studies on the individual and household factors of this issue had been conducted massively. Nonetheless, regional level study on the same issue is still lacking whereas it is important in understanding the problems to formulate better policies. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with stunting prevalence at the provincial level. Data for this study was obtained from the publication of the National Socioeconomic Survey 2018 and Basic Health Research 2018. Multiple linear regression was applied to analyze factors associated with stunting prevalence. There were proportion of expenditure on fish, meat, eggs and milk, tofu and tempe, fruits and vegetables (F&V), cigarettes, and energy and protein intake. Prevalence of stunting at the provincial level was very wide, from 16.2% to 37.9%. Protein adequacy was higher (106.2%) than the Recommended Dietary Allowance. Average proportion of food expenditure at provincial level was 50.1%, in each province ranging from 40.6% to 57.2%; while the highest proportion of expenditure was to purchase F&V (12.8%). The model predicted that the proportion of household food expenditure, proportion of F&V, and protein adequacy were significantly associated with stunting prevalence. Thus, policy on improving household purchasing power and food consumption behavior with balanced nutrition is the key factor in reducing the prevalence of stunting. Social protection programs such as cash transfer and food aid for low-income households should be continued with more accurate recipients.
Dropout during a 12-week transitional exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programme: a mixed-methods prospective cohort study
Authors: Sommer Charlotte Greve , Jørgensen Lars Bo , Blume Birgitte , Møller Tom , Skou Søren Thorgaard , Harrison Alexander , Tang Lars Hermann 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
Investigate the dropout rate during a 12-week transitional exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (exCR) programme focusing on a halfway transition phase between hospital and the municipality-based cardiac rehabilitation. Secondly, investigate patient characteristics associated with dropout at the transition.

Methods and results
Patients with coronary heart disease, heart failure, or heart valve surgery referred to exCR were included in a prospective cohort study conducted between 1 March 2018 and 28 February 2019 at Zealand University Hospital. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation was initiated at the hospital with a halfway transitional to local healthcare centres in the municipalities. Dropouts were identified every third week through telephone interviews. A Kaplan–Meier time-to-event analysis was used to investigate time to dropout, while multiple logistic regression assessed associations between patient characteristics and dropout at the transition. Of 560 patients eligible for exCR, 279 participated in the study. Fourteen patients were lost to follow-up and 103 dropped out, resulting in a dropout rate of 39% [95% confidence interval (CI) 33–45%]. Of the 103 dropouts, 72 patients (70%) dropped out at the transition. In the adjusted analysis, patients attached to the labour market were associated with dropout at the transition [odds ratio (OR) = 6.31 (95% CI 2.04–19.54)]. Furthermore, odds of dropping out at transition were reduced for each extra exercise session attended [OR = 0.79 (95% CI 0.66–0.94)].

Conclusion
The transition phase constitutes a critical dropout period in exCR, in which increased attention on patient adherence is needed. In clinical practice, communication and strategies addressing patient retention across settings could be essential to prevent dropout in transitional exCR.
Bacterial community dynamics of tomato hydroponic greenhouses infested with hairy root disease
Authors: Vargas Pablo , Bosmans Lien , Van Calenberge Bart , Van Kerckhove Stefan , Lievens Bart , Rediers Hans 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The rhizosphere is a complex ecosystem consisting of microbes in the interface between growth medium and plant roots, which affects plant productivity and health. This is one of the few studies analysing bacterial communities present in the rhizosphere of hydroponically grown plants. Tomato grown under hydroponic conditions is prone to hairy root disease (HRD) that is caused by rhizogenic Agrobacterium biovar 1 strains. In this study, using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of partial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, we aimed to characterize bacterial communities in rockwool samples obtained from healthy or HRD-infested tomato during an entire growing season. Alpha diversity of rockwool increased in direct relation with time and samples obtained from healthy greenhouses presented a significantly lower alpha diversity than those from HRD-infested greenhouses. Beta diversity showed that bacterial community composition changed throughout the growing season. Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) identified as rhizogenic Agrobacterium bv. 1 were more prevalent in HRD-infected greenhouses. Conversely, ASVs identified as Paenibacillus, previously identified as biocontrol organisms of rhizogenic agrobacteria, were more prevalent in healthy greenhouses. Altogether, our study greatly contributes to the knowledge of bacterial communities in rockwool hydroponics.
Sapwood area~DBH allometries for 14 common tree species in a successional tropical forest in Thailand
Authors: Yaemphum Siriphong , Unawong Weerapong , Tor-ngern Pantana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSapwood area is an important parameter for estimating canopy transpiration in the forest water cycle. However, sapwood area highly varies across species and forest ecosystems and is difficult to measure directly. Therefore, species- and site-specific allometric equations are needed to estimate the sapwood area of all trees in a forest. Here, we conducted a comprehensive campaign to measure sapwood thickness and to estimate the sapwood area of 14 common tree species in a successional forest in Thailand. These data represent the first comprehensive measurements of sapwood area in south-east Asian successional forests growing under diverse environmental conditions in terms of soil moisture and canopy density. The results show that a power function can significantly explain the relationship between sapwood area and stem size, represented by diameter at breast height (DBH), in all species in both primary and secondary forests. Interestingly, a single equation could describe the sapwood area~DBH relationship in all species and forest stages, except for Dipterocarpus gracilis, an emergent, dominant species in the primary forest. The latter showed slower growth in sapwood area once the trees reached a DBH of ~30 cm. Overall, our results can benefit future studies that estimate canopy transpiration of tropical forests with similar conditions as in our study sites.
High resolution inclination records from the Gulf of Alaska, IODP Expedition 341 Sites U1418 and U1419
Authors: Velle Julie Heggdal , Walczak Maureen H , Reilly Brendan , St-Onge Guillaume , Stoner Joseph S , Fallon Stewart , Mix Alan C , Belanger Christina , Forwick Matthias 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYInternational Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 341 recovered sediments from the south Alaska continental slope that preserves a well resolved and dated inclination record over most of the past ∼43 000 yr. The Site U1419 chronology is among the highest resolution in the world, constrained by 173 radiocarbon dates, providing the ability to study Palaeomagnetic Secular Variation (PSV) on centennial to millennial timescales. This record has an exceptionally expanded late Pleistocene sedimentary record with sedimentation rates commonly exceeding 100 cm kyr–1, while also preserving a lower resolution Holocene PSV record at the top. Natural and laboratory-induced magnetic remanences of U1419 u-channels from the 112-m-long spliced record were studied using stepwise AF demagnetization. Hysteresis loops were obtained on 95 and IRM acquisition curves on 9 discrete samples to facilitate magnetic domain state, coercivity and magnetic mineralogical determinations. Due to complexities related to lithology, magnetic mineralogy, and depositional and post-depositional processes, Site U1419 sediments are not suitable for palaeointensity studies and declination could not be robustly reconstructed. Progressive (titano-)magnetite dissolution with depth results in decreasing NRM intensity and signal-to-noise that is exacerbated at higher demagnetization steps. As a result, inclination measured after the 20 mT AF demagnetization step provides the most reliable directional record. Inclination appears to be well resolved with removal of just a few intervals influenced by depositional and/or sampling and coring deformation. The shipboard inclination stack from nearby IODP Site U1418, on a new age model developed from 19 radiocarbon dates on U1418 and 18 magnetic susceptibility-based tie-points to site survey core EW0408-87JC, verifies centennial to millennial scale variations in inclination observed in U1419. Comparisons with other independently dated records from the NE Pacific and western North America suggest that these sites likely capture regional geomagnetic variability. As such, this new high-resolution and well-dated inclination record, especially robust between 15 and 30 cal kyr BP, offers new geomagnetic insights and a regional correlation tool to explore this generally understudied part of the world.
Assessing the eco-efficiency of industrial investment in China: a DEA approach
Authors: Zhu Chuanjin , Zhu Nan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Although the rapid growth of industrial investment has greatly contributed to Chinese socioeconomic development, the consequent resource depletion and environmental degradation have seriously restricted its potential for sustainability. Hence, the concept of eco-efficiency of industrial investment (EEII) is constructed under the comprehensive perspective of economic benefits, energy consumption and environmental impact. To assess the true EEII in China, a new super-efficient undesirable-outputs slacks-based measure DEA model is proposed by adding a new constraint condition to rebuild the reference set. The proposed model not only can consider the joint production of desirable and undesirable outputs, but also achieves full ranking of all decision-making units. Taking 30 provinces in China as an example, our empirical results indicate that the eco-efficiency of China’s industrial investment is generally low (0.643) in 2015–2020, and there exists significant regional disparity, in that the average value of EEII in the eastern regions (0.851) is the highest, followed by the central regions (0.594) and the western regions (0.469). Finally, this study provides some suggestions for policymakers to promote the EEII based on its influencing factors, analysed using panel-data Tobit regression.
Difference Sets and the Metric Theory of Small Gaps
Authors: Aistleitner Christoph , El-Baz Daniel , Munsch Marc 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLet $(a_n)_{n \geq 1}$ be a sequence of distinct positive integers. In a recent paper, Rudnick established asymptotic upper bounds for the minimal gaps of $\{a_n \alpha \mod 1, ~1 \leq n \leq N\}$ as $N \to \infty $, valid for Lebesgue-almost all $\alpha $ and formulated in terms of the additive energy of $\{a_1, \dots , a_N\}$. In the present paper, we argue that the metric theory of minimal gaps of such sequences is not controlled by the additive energy, but rather by the cardinality of the difference set of $\{a_1, \dots , a_N\}$. We establish a (complicated) sharp convergence/divergence test for the typical asymptotic order of the minimal gap and prove (slightly weaker) general upper and lower bounds that allow for a direct application. A major input for these results comes from the recent proof of the Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture by Koukoulopoulos and Maynard. We show that our methods give very precise results for slowly growing sequences whose difference set has relatively high density, such as the primes or the squares. Furthermore, we improve a metric result of Blomer, Bourgain, Rudnick, and Radziwiłł on the order of the minimal gap in the eigenvalue spectrum of a rectangular billiard.
Immune Responses to the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 Vaccines and to Natural Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infections Over a 3-Month Period
Authors: Kim Ji Yeun , Lim So Yun , Park Soonju , Kwon Ji-Soo , Bae Seongman , Park Ji Young , Cha Hye Hee , Seo Mi Hyun , Lee Hyun Jung , Lee Nakyung , Kim Kideok , Shum David , Jee Youngmee , Kim Sung-Han 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
There are limited data directly comparing immune responses to vaccines and to natural infections with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study assessed the immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines over a 3-month period and compared the immune responses with those to natural infections.

Method
We enrolled healthcare workers who received BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines and patients with confirmed COVID-19 and then measured S1 immunoglobulin (Ig) G and neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses.

Results
A total of 121 vaccinees and 26 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were analyzed. After the second dose, the BNT162b2 vaccine yielded S1 IgG antibody responses similar to those achieved with natural infections (mean IgG titer [standard deviation], 2241 [899] vs 2601 [5039]; P = .68) but significantly stronger than responses to the ChAdOx1 vaccine (174 [96]; P &lt; .001). The neutralizing antibody titer generated by BNT162b2 was 6-fold higher than that generated by ChAdOx1 but lower than that by natural infection. T-cell responses persisted for 3 months with BNT162b2 and natural infection but decreased with ChAdOx1.

Conclusions
Antibody responses after the second dose of BNT162b2 are higher than after the second dose of ChAdOx1 and like those occurring after natural infection. T-cell responses are maintained longer in BNT162b2 vaccinees than in ChAdOx1 vaccinees.
Curating a longitudinal research resource using linked primary care EHR data—a UK Biobank case study
Authors: Darke Philip , Cassidy Sophie , Catt Michael , Taylor Roy , Missier Paolo , Bacardit Jaume 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Primary care EHR data are often of clinical importance to cohort studies however they require careful handling. Challenges include determining the periods during which EHR data were collected. Participants are typically censored when they deregister from a medical practice, however, cohort studies wish to follow participants longitudinally including those that change practice. Using UK Biobank as an exemplar, we developed methodology to infer continuous periods of data collection and maximize follow-up in longitudinal studies. This resulted in longer follow-up for around 40% of participants with multiple registration records (mean increase of 3.8 years from the first study visit). The approach did not sacrifice phenotyping accuracy when comparing agreement between self-reported and EHR data. A diabetes mellitus case study illustrates how the algorithm supports longitudinal study design and provides further validation. We use UK Biobank data, however, the tools provided can be used for other conditions and studies with minimal alteration.
Monadic NM-algebras: an algebraic approach to monadic predicate nilpotent minimum logic
Authors: Wang Juntao , He Pengfei , Yang Jiang , Wang Mei , He Xiaoli 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we further study the variety of monadic nilpotent minimum (NM)-algebras and their corresponding logic. In order to solve the drawback of monadic NM-algebras, we review some well-known classes of monadic t-norm-based fuzzy logical algebras and then revise the axiomatic system of monadic NM-algebras. Then we show that the variety of monadic NM-algebras is the equivalent algebraic semantics of monadic predicate fuzzy logic $\textbf {mNM}_{\forall }$, which is equivalent to the modal fuzzy logic $\textbf {S5(NM)}$. Moreover, we show that the propositional case of the modal fuzzy logic $\textbf {S5(NM)}$, which is $\textbf{S5}^{\prime}\textbf{(NM),}$ is also complete with respect to the variety of monadic NM-algebras in the sense of Blok and Pigozzi and obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for this logic to be semilinear. Finally, we give some representations of monadic NM-algebras. In particular, we give some characterizations of representable and directly indecomposable monadic NM-algebras.
Gravitational instability in radiative molecular clouds including cosmic ray diffusion and ion Larmor radius corrections
Authors: Prajapati Ram Prasad 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The effects of cosmic ray (CR) diffusion and finite Larmor radius (FLR) corrections have been studied on the linear gravitational instability of thermally conducting plasmas typically in the H ii regions of molecular clouds. The hydrodynamic fluid–fluid approach is considered for interacting CRs with gravitating, magnetized, and thermally conducting gas in molecular clouds. The magnetohydrodynamic fluid model is formulated considering CR pressure gradients, CR diffusion, and radiative and FLR effects in terms of particle Larmor radius. The dispersion relation of the gravitational instability is analytically derived using the normal mode analysis, and the effects of CRs and FLR corrections have been discussed in longitudinal and transverse modes. It is observed that in the absence of CRs, the FLR effects (magnetic viscosity) reduce the growth rate for wavenumber smaller than a critical value, and above it gets increased. However, the growth rate is strongly suppressed in the presence of combined CRs and FLR effects. The individual behaviour of FLR effects is observed to destabilize the growth rate of the gravitational instability in the presence of CR effects. The CR pressure decreases the growth rates of the gravitational and thermal instabilities, whereas parallel CR diffusion enhances the growth rate of the gravitational instability. The Jeans length of the gravitating gas cloud gets increased due to an increase in the CR-to-gas pressure ratio. It is found that the gravitational collapse of the system is supported by high-energy (above knee) CR particles with the Larmor radii comparable to the cloud size. The present results have been applied to understand the role of CRs and FLR corrections on the gravitational collapse in the H ii regions of molecular clouds.
Large-scale atomic data calculations in Ce V – X ions for application to early kilonova emission from neutron star mergers
Authors: Carvajal Gallego H , Berengut J C , Palmeri P , Quinet P 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
New radiative parameters (wavelengths, transition probabilities, and oscillator strengths) are reported in the present paper for a large number of spectral lines in moderately charged cerium ions, from Ce V to Ce X. These results were obtained through large-scale atomic structure calculations carried out using three different and independent theoretical approaches, namely the relativistic Hartree–Fock method, including core-polarization corrections (HFR + CPOL), the multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method, and the Particle-Hole Configuration Interaction (PH-CI) method implemented in the AMBiT code. The accuracy of the results was assessed through detailed comparisons between the data deduced from these methods and with the few theoretical and experimental data previously published. For the six cerium ions considered, the most complete and reliable sets of transition wavelengths and rates were then used to calculate the expansion opacities characterizing the early phases of kilonovae following neutron star mergers, i.e. for typical conditions corresponding to temperatures T &gt; 20 000 K, a density ρ = 10−10 g cm−3 and a time after the merger t = 0.1 d.
MirGeneDB 2.1: toward a complete sampling of all major animal phyla
Authors: Fromm Bastian , Høye Eirik , Domanska Diana , Zhong Xiangfu , Aparicio-Puerta Ernesto , Ovchinnikov Vladimir , Umu Sinan U , Chabot Peter J , Kang Wenjing , Aslanzadeh Morteza , Tarbier Marcel , Mármol-Sánchez Emilio , Urgese Gianvito , Johansen Morten , Hovig Eivind , Hackenberg Michael , Friedländer Marc R , Peterson Kevin J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We describe an update of MirGeneDB, the manually curated microRNA gene database. Adhering to uniform and consistent criteria for microRNA annotation and nomenclature, we substantially expanded MirGeneDB with 30 additional species representing previously missing metazoan phyla such as sponges, jellyfish, rotifers and flatworms. MirGeneDB 2.1 now consists of 75 species spanning over ∼800 million years of animal evolution, and contains a total number of 16 670 microRNAs from 1549 families. Over 6000 microRNAs were added in this update using ∼550 datasets with ∼7.5 billion sequencing reads. By adding new phylogenetically important species, especially those relevant for the study of whole genome duplication events, and through updating evolutionary nodes of origin for many families and genes, we were able to substantially refine our nomenclature system. All changes are traceable in the specifically developed MirGeneDB version tracker. The performance of read-pages is improved and microRNA expression matrices for all tissues and species are now also downloadable. Altogether, this update represents a significant step toward a complete sampling of all major metazoan phyla, and a widely needed foundation for comparative microRNA genomics and transcriptomics studies. MirGeneDB 2.1 is part of RNAcentral and Elixir Norway, publicly and freely available at http://www.mirgenedb.org/.
The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) in 2021
Authors: Cantelli Gaia , Bateman Alex , Brooksbank Cath , Petrov Anton I , Malik-Sheriff Rahuman S , Ide-Smith Michele , Hermjakob Henning , Flicek Paul , Apweiler Rolf , Birney Ewan , McEntyre Johanna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) maintains a comprehensive range of freely available and up-to-date molecular data resources, which includes over 40 resources covering every major data type in the life sciences. This year's service update for EMBL-EBI includes new resources, PGS Catalog and AlphaFold DB, and updates on existing resources, including the COVID-19 Data Platform, trRosetta and RoseTTAfold models introduced in Pfam and InterPro, and the launch of Genome Integrations with Function and Sequence by UniProt and Ensembl. Furthermore, we highlight projects through which EMBL-EBI has contributed to the development of community-driven data standards and guidelines, including the Recommended Metadata for Biological Images (REMBI), and the BioModels Reproducibility Scorecard. Training is one of EMBL-EBI’s core missions and a key component of the provision of bioinformatics services to users: this year's update includes many of the improvements that have been developed to EMBL-EBI’s online training offering.