bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unidirectional Macroscopic Alignment of Chlorobenzo[c]‐[1,2,5]thiadiazole‐Based Semiconducting Copolymers with Controlled Regiochemistry
Authors: Chung Sein , Cho Yongjoon , Kim Jinsung , Lee Seon Baek , Park Chaneui , Kim Seunghyun , Kang Boseok , Yang Changduk , Cho Kilwon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSolution‐processable donor–acceptor‐type conjugated copolymers are considered one of the most promising alternatives to inorganic semiconductors. The introduction of strong electron‐withdrawing groups in the acceptor units of the copolymers has been shown to favor fast charge transport; however, the correlation among the halogen‐substituted molecular structure, solid‐state packing, and charge transport properties is unclear. In this study, new chlorine‐atom‐substituted donor–acceptor copolymers comprising chlorobenzo[c]‐[1,2,5]thiadiazole and 4,4‐dihexadecyl‐4H‐cyclopenta[1,2‐b:5,4‐b′]dithiophene are synthesized and their physicochemical properties are compared with those of their unsubstituted or nitrogen‐incorporated backbone analogs. In addition, the regioregularity of the synthesized copolymers is controlled to investigate the effects of regiochemistry on the polymer backbone alignment using the nanogroove method. The results demonstrate that different degrees of regioregularity in the main chains induce a substantially dissimilar effect of the nanogroove and capillary force on the orientation of the polymer backbone, long‐range crystalline order, and charge transport properties of the conjugated polymers.
Temperature of Conductive Nanofilaments in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Based Memristors Showing Threshold Resistive Switching
Authors: Lanza Mario , Palumbo Felix , Shi Yuanyuan , Aguirre Fernando , Boyeras Santiago , Yuan Bin , Yalon Eilam , Moreno Enrique , Wu Tianru , Roldan Juan B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo‐terminal metal/insulator/metal (MIM) memristors exhibiting threshold resistive switching (RS) can develop advanced key tasks in solid‐state nano/micro‐electronic circuits, such as selectors and integrate‐and‐fire electronic neurons. MIM‐like memristors using multilayer hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) as dielectric are especially interesting because they have shown threshold RS with ultra‐low energy consumption per state transition down to the zeptojoule regime. However, the factors enabling stable threshold RS at such low operation energies are still not fully understood. Here it is shown that the threshold RS in 150 nm × 150 nm Au/Ag/h‐BN/Au memristors is especially stable because the temperature in the h‐BN stack during operation (i.e., at low currents ≈1 μA) is very low (i.e., ≈310 K), due to the high in‐plane thermal conductivity of h‐BN and its low thickness. Only when the device is operated at higher currents (i.e., ≈200 μA) the temperatures at the h‐BN increase remarkably (i.e., >500 K), which produce a stable non‐volatile conductive nanofilament (CNF). This work can bring new insights to understand the performance of 2D materials based RS devices, and help to develop the integration of 2D materials in high‐density nanoelectronics.
High‐Performance Ultraviolet Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Enabled by High‐Lying Reverse Intersystem Crossing
Authors: Zhang Han , Li Ganggang , Guo Xiaomin , Zhang Kai , Zhang Bing , Guo Xuecheng , Li Yuxuan , Fan Jianzhong , Wang Zhiming , Ma Dongge , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) organic emitters that can open up applications for future organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are of great value but rarely developed. Here, we report a high‐quality UV emitter with hybridized local and charge‐transfer (HLCT) excited state and its application in UV OLEDs. The UV emitter, 2BuCz‐CNCz, shows the features of low‐lying locally excited (LE) emissive state and high‐lying reverse intersystem crossing (hRISC) process, which helps to balance the color purity and exciton utilization of UV OLED. Consequently, the OLED based on 2BuCz‐CNCz exhibits not only a desired narrowband UV electroluminescent (EL) at 396 nm with satisfactory color purity (CIEx, y=0.161, 0.031), but also a record‐high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 10.79 % with small efficiency roll‐off. The state‐of‐the‐art device performance can inspire the design of UV emitters, and pave a way for the further development of high‐performance UV OLEDs.
Activity Trends and Mechanisms in Peroxymonosulfate‐Assisted Catalytic Production of Singlet Oxygen over Atomic Metal‐N‐C Catalysts
Authors: Gao Yun , Wu Tongwei , Yang Chengdong , Ma Chao , Zhao Zhenyang , Wu Zihe , Cao Sujiao , Geng Wei , Wang Yi , Yao Yongyi , Zhang Yanning , Cheng Chong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe synthesized a series of carbon‐supported atomic metal‐N‐C catalysts (M‐SACs: M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) with similar structural and physicochemical properties to uncover their catalytic activity trends and mechanisms. The peroxymonosulfate (PMS) catalytic activity trends are Fe‐SAC>Co‐SAC>Mn‐SAC>Ni‐SAC>Cu‐SAC, and Fe‐SAC displays the best single‐site kinetic value (1.65×105 min−1 mol−1) compared to the other metal‐N‐C species. First‐principles calculations indicate that the most reasonable reaction pathway for 1O2 production is PMS→OH*→O*→1O2; M‐SACs that exhibit moderate and near‐average Gibbs free energies in each reaction step have a better catalytic activity, which is the key for the outstanding performance of Fe‐SACs. This study gives the atomic‐scale understanding of fundamental catalytic trends and mechanisms of PMS‐assisted reactive oxygen species production via M‐SACs, thus providing guidance for developing M‐SACs for catalytic organic pollutant degradation.
Multimode process monitoring using adaptive auto‐associative kernel regression
Authors: Shen Feifeng , Xu Chen , Yang Huizhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractComplex modern industrial processes often exhibit multimodal characteristic because of different manufacturing strategies. Although the conventional auto‐associative kernel regression (AAKR) method is suitable for monitoring the nonlinear multimodal processes, different high Pearson correlations between variables from different modes reduce the fault detection accuracy of AAKR model. Moreover, within‐mode process data usually present the property of serial correlation, resulting in the auto‐correlation and cross‐correlation of variables simultaneously existing in the dynamic processes. In order to reduce the influence of correlation and improve the accuracy of fault detection based on AAKR, a novel multimode process monitoring method combining zero‐phase component analysis (ZCA) as a data preprocessing technique and traditional AAKR is proposed. To further enhance the detectability of the model to small disturbance, a modified statistic based on multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) is studied in this paper. The monitoring performance of the proposed approach is evaluated through a numerical example, the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process and the real Bisphenol‐A (BPA) production process.
Extremely high reinforcement of high‐density polyethylene by low loading of unzipped multi‐wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Yang Di , Qi Xiaohua , Zhang Wenna , Yang Na , Chen Mengyao , Wang Yao , Huang Linjun , Wang Jiuxing , Wang Shicao , Strizhak Peter , Tang Jianguo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMulti‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are excellent potential reinforcements for composites due to their high‐mechanical properties. However, a high concentration of MWCNTs is required to reach a good reinforcement. The present study is aimed to show that using unzipped MWCNTs (uMWCNTs) results in an extraordinary enhancement of the mechanical properties of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE). Using 0.2% wt/wt of uMWCNTs as a filler increases the tensile strength and Young's modulus of HDPE by more than 100%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction, Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) studies show that the structure and functionality of uMWCNTs and HDPE matrix preserve for their composites. The enhancement in the mechanical properties is mainly associated with an interfacial interaction between separate uMWCNTs sheets and HDPE matrix resulting in increasing the degree of crystallinity and decreasing the crystallite size. Our study provides a new way to fabricate high‐performance composite materials with a low concentration of carbon nanostructures.
Recyclable Pd‐based polysaccharide catalyst for aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol
Authors: Wolfson Adi , Stamker Eliraz , Levy‐Ontman Oshrat 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPalladium acetate that was heterogenized together with triphenylphosphine trisulfonate ligand on renewable polysaccharides was employed in the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol in three representative solvents—hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Solvent polarity was found to affect the reaction rate, as both the solubility of benzyl alcohol and oxygen depend on the nature of the solvent. The conversion rate was decreased in the order of hexane > ethanol > ethyl acetate (conversion rates in the presence of the heterogenized iota‐based catalyst after 24 h of reaction were 38, 20, and 15%, respectively). In addition, the nature of the polysaccharide, that is, the type and numbers of functional groups on its backbone, also affected the reaction rate, where xanthan gum yielded the highest conversion rate of 58% in hexane. Finally, though hexane was found to be the preferred solvent for the heterogeneous system, catalytic performance in hexane decreased during recycling while in ethanol it increased due to the formation of palladium nanoparticles. To reveal the structural changes undergone by the catalyst during the reaction, several techniques were used, including energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry‐scanning electronic microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Transition electronic microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. This simple and straightforward heterogenization procedure can be also used for immobilization of different other metal complexes in variety of organic reactions.
Synthesis and performance of a novel polycarboxylate superplasticizer through grafting the β‐cyclodextrin on the side chain by click reaction
Authors: Li Bin , Gao Ruijun , Wang Ling 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA novel monovinyl β‐cyclodextrin monomer (β‐P) is employed to synthesize polycarboxylate superplasticizers with β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) grafted on the end of side chain [PAA‐g‐(β‐P)nHPEG, n is the mass ratio of β‐P in macromonomer, n = 3% ~ 9%]. β‐P is synthesized through grafting β‐CD on the polyoxyethylene (PEO) via click reaction, which is the first try to superimpose the steric hindrance effect of PEO and β‐CD during the preparation of polycarboxylate superplasticizer. FTIR, 1H NMR, GPC, and DLS are used to characterize the molecular structure of the intermediates and the products. Compared with PAA‐g‐HPEG (PCE0) only with PEO as side chains, cement paste containing PAA‐g‐(β‐P)7%HPEG has the largest fluidity; PAA‐g‐(β‐P)9%HPEG corresponds to the best fluidity retention performance; cement paste containing PAA‐g‐(β‐P)nHPEG has shorter setting time. The DLS results reveal that the introduction of β‐CD in PAA‐g‐(β‐P)nHPEG extends the side chain length and increases the steric hindrance effect. The adsorption test results show that the novel PCE has good slump retention performance because it is adsorbed on cement particles less but more lives in the liquid phase with the n increasing. This study provides a new approach to synthesize high‐performance polycarboxylate superplasticizer.
Electrospun cellulose fibers from ionic liquid: Practical implications toward robust morphology
Authors: Ciuzas Darius , Krugly Edvinas , Sriubaite Simona , Pauliukaityte Ingrida , Baniukaitiene Odeta , Bulota Mindaugas , Martuzevicius Dainius 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFibrous matrix of cellulose was obtained by wet‐type electrospinning of cellulose in ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate (BMIMAc). The experiments were designed to determine the effects of electric field intensity and the amount of dissolved cellulose on cellulose fiber morphology and diameter. Taking to account practical implications, that is, fiber size and the effectiveness of production, the most effective production of fibers took place using 3% cellulose/BMIMAc solution at electric field of 4.8 kV cm−1, feed rate of 2.38 ml h−1. Analysis has shown that cellulose was fully dissolved and consisted purely of regenerated cellulose (type II), while having porosity of 90% and average fiber width of 1.95 ± 0.9 μm. The scanning electron microscopy and micro‐computed tomography analyses revealed a robust structural integrity of the formed fibrous matrix, which featured an area density of 85 ± 8 g/m2. The mechanical properties (strength of 12.03 ± 1.1 MPa; strain at break 2.6 ± 0.3%) indicate that in this study strong fibrous cellulose matrix was formed which could be used for the production of biocomposites or as biocompatible scaffolds.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Sequential C−H Activation and Cyclization from N‐Methoxyarylamides and 3‐Diazooxindoles for the Synthesis of Isochromenoindolones
Authors: Ko Gi Hoon , Maeng Chanyoung , Jeong Haneal , Han Sang Hoon , Han Gi Uk , Lee Kyungsup , Noh Hee Chan , Lee Phil Ho 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn efficient synthetic method for structurally various isochromenoindolones has been demonstrated through Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H activation followed by a cyclization reaction of N‐methoxyarylamides with 3‐diazooxindoles. The sequential reaction involves the streamlined formation of C−C and C−O bonds in one pot. The present method provides a broad range of isochromenoindolones as a new privileged scaffold in moderate to good yields with the release of methoxyamine and molecular nitrogen and has the benefits of a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.
Optimal synchronization control for heterogeneous multi‐agent systems: Online adaptive learning solutions
Authors: Zhou Yuanqiang , Li Dewei , Gao Furong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an online adaptive learning solution to the optimal synchronization control problem of heterogeneous multi‐agent systems via a novel distributed policy iteration approach. For the leader‐follower multi‐agents, the dynamics of all the followers are heterogeneous with leader disturbance. To make the output of each follower synchronize with the leader's output, we propose a synchronization control protocol where the stability conditions for selecting the feedback gains are given. Next, with a minimization of the output tracking errors, we optimize the feedback gains for the synchronization control protocol, and the unique solutions for those feedback gains are learned via a novel distributed policy iteration approach. We prove that the proposed online adaptive learning solution will converge to the optimal control solution under some mild conditions. Finally, an illustrative numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the approach.
Optimization of muscle cell culture media using nonlinear design of experiments
Authors: Cosenza Zachary , Block David E , Baar Keith 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOptimizing media for biological processes, such as those used in tissue engineering and cultivated meat production, is difficult due to the extensive experimentation required, number of media components, nonlinear and interactive responses, and the number of conflicting design objectives. Here we demonstrate the capacity of a nonlinear design‐of‐experiments (DOE) method to predict optimal media conditions in fewer experiments than a traditional DOE. The approach is based on a hybridization of a coordinate search for local optimization with dynamically adjusted search spaces and a global search method utilizing a truncated genetic algorithm using radial basis functions to store and model prior knowledge. Using this method, we were able to reduce the cost of muscle cell proliferation media while maintaining cell growth 48 h after seeding using 30 common components of typical commercial growth medium in fewer experiments than a traditional DOE (70 vs. 103). While we clearly demonstrated that the experimental optimization algorithm significantly outperforms conventional DOE, due to the choice of a 48 h growth assay weighted by medium cost as an objective function, these findings were limited to performance at a single passage, and did not generalize to growth over multiple passages. This underscores the importance of choosing objective functions that align well with process goals.
EBV‐positive B‐cell lymphomas and lymphoproliferative disorders: Review from the perspective of immune escape and immunodeficiency
Authors: Satou Akira , Nakamura Shigeo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is detected in a variety of B‐cell lymphomas (BCLs) and B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders (B‐LPDs). Immunodeficiency has been considered to play a key role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In addition, immune escape of tumor cells may also contribute to the development of EBV+ BCLs and B‐LPDs. The PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway is particularly important for immune escape of tumor cells that contribute to development of lymphoma through suppression of cytotoxic T‐cell function. We now consider PD‐L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) a very useful method for predicting whether tumor cells of lymphoid malignancies are characterized by the immune escape mechanism.MethodsWe reviewed articles of EBV+ BCLs and B‐LPDs from the perspective of immune escape and immunodeficiency, particularly focusing on PD‐L1 IHC.ResultsBased on PD‐L1 IHC, we consider that EBV+ BCL and B‐LPD can be classified into three types: “immunodeficiency”, “immune escape”, and “immunodeficiency + immune escape” type. The immunodeficiency type includes EBV+ diffuse large BCL (DLBCL) of the elderly, EBV+ sporadic Burkitt lymphoma, EBV+ mucocutaneous ulcer, and methotrexate (MTX)‐associated B‐LPD. The immune escape type includes EBV+ classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) and EBV+ DLBCL of the young. The immunodeficiency + immune escape type includes CHL type MTX‐associated LPD and a minor subset of EBV+ DLBCL of the elderly.ConclusionsRecently, good results have been reported for immune check‐point inhibitors in treating lymphoma. Lymphomas and LPDs characterized by immune escape are regarded as good candidates for PD1/PD‐L1 blockade therapy. Therefore, from both the clinical and pathological perspective, we suggest that lymphoma diagnosis should be made considering immune escape and immunodeficiency.
Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Plants from the GenusCissampelos
Authors: He Jingtao , Li Fangyi , Yan Xiaohui , Cheng Qian , Xue Rongtao , Yu Heshui , Li Zheng , Wang Chunhua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCissampelosis a significant genus comprising of approximately 21 species of the medicinal plants (Menispermaceae). The plants of this genus are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments such as asthma, arthritis, dysentery, hyperglycemia, cardiopathy, hypertension and other related problems. These plants are rich in bioactive dibenzylisoquinoline and aborphine as well as small amounts of other ingredients. In recent years, the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities ofCissampelosgenus have been paid more and more attention due to their diversity. Herein, we compile the chemical constituents and biological activities on this genus, and summarize the13C‐NMR data of the main bioactive ingredients. All information comes from scientific databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Sci‐Finder, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and CNKI. It provides valuable data for the future research and development ofCissampelosgenus.
Anthocyanins from Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and Their Role in Antioxidant Capacities in Vitro
Authors: Zhao Xueqing , Yuan Zhaohe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs phytochemicals, anthocyanins are not only responsible for the diverse colors in nature, but are associated with broad‐spectrum health‐promoting effects for human beings. Pomegranate is abundant in anthocyanins which possess high antioxidant capacities. However, the pomegranate anthocyanins profile and their contributions to antioxidant capacities are not fully depicted. The purpose of this article is to review anthocyanins from pomegranate as important antioxidants. Total anthocyanin content (TAC) and six major components vary greatly with intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In pomegranate, anthocyanins mainly acted as primary antioxidants, while their action as secondary antioxidants were not conclusive. The antioxidant potentials of anthocyanins were significantly affected by factors especially chemical structure and detection assays in vitro. The current knowledge may provide insights into potential applications for pomegranate anthocyanins based on their antioxidant activities.
Inhibition Profiles of Some Symmetric Sulfamides Derived from Phenethylamines on Human Carbonic Anhydrase I, and II Isoenzymes
Authors: Topal Fevzi , Aksu Kadir , Gulcin Ilhami , Tümer Ferhan , Goksu Süleyman 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, the inhibitory effect of some symmetric sulfamides derived from phenethylamines were determined against human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) I, and II isoenzymes, and compared with standard compound acetazolamide. IC50 values were obtained from the Enzyme activity (%)‐[Symmetric sulfamides] graphs. Also, Ki values were calculated from the Lineweaver‐Burk graphs. Some symmetric sulfamides compounds (11–18) demonstrated excellent inhibition effects against hCA I, and II isoenzymes. These compounds demonstrated effective inhibitory profiles with IC50 values in ranging from 21.66–28.88 nM against hCA I, 14.44–30.13 nM against hCA II. Among these compounds, the best Ki value for hCA I (Ki: 8.34±1.60 nM) and hCA II (Ki: 16.40±1.00 nM) is compound number 11. Besides, the IC50 value of acetazolamide used as a standard was determined as hCA I, hCA II 57.75 nM, 49.50 nM, respectively. Moreover, in silico ADME‐Tox study showed that all synthesized compounds (11–18) had good oral bioavailability in light of Jorgensen's rule of three, and of Lipinski's rule of five.
Development of Tyrphostin Analogues to Study Inhibition of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pup Proteasome System**
Authors: Janssen Guido V. , Zhang Susan , Merkx Remco , Schiesswohl Christa , Chatterjee Champak , Darwin K. Heran , Geurink Paul P. , van der Heden van Noort Gerbrand J. , Ovaa Huib 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTuberculosis is a global health problem caused by infection with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacteria. Although antibiotic treatment has dramatically reduced the impact of tuberculosis on the population, the existence and spreading of drug resistant strains urgently demands the development of new drugs that target Mtb in a different manner than currently used antibiotics. The prokaryotic ubiquitin‐like protein (Pup) proteasome system is an attractive target for new drug development as it is unique to Mtb and related bacterial genera. Using a Pup‐based fluorogenic substrate, we screened for inhibitors of Dop, the Mtb depupylating protease, and identified I‐OMe‐Tyrphostin AG538 (1) and Tyrphostin AG538 (2). The hits were validated and determined to be fast‐reversible, non‐ATP competitive inhibitors. We synthesized >25 analogs of 1 and 2 and show that several of the synthesized compounds also inhibit the depupylation actions of Dop on native substrate, FabD‐Pup. Importantly, the pupylation activity of PafA, the sole Pup ligase in Mtb, was also inhibited by some of these compounds.