bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of PDE5 induces rapid non-genomic increase in hippocampal dendritic spines via specific kinases
Authors: Soma Mika , Ogiue-Ikeda Mari , Horie Shigeo , Saito Minoru , Ishii Hirotaka , Kawato Suguru 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a typical neuromodulator that is used in neuronal synapses. Inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) could regulates signaling pathways by elevating cGMP levels.In the current study, we found that the treatments with tadalafil, a PDE5 inhibitor, for 2 h rapidly and non-genomically increased the total density of dendritic spines, using confocal imaging of Lucifer Yellow-injected hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Since inhibition of PDE5 elevates cGMP levels at synapses, we analyzed downstream nongenomic signaling. We analyzed the involvement of kinase signaling, because rapid postsynaptic modulation involves kinase networks observed from many investigations including our works.Upon co-treatments of PKG inhibitor (KT5823) with tadalafil, the spine increase was considerably blocked. In addition, co-treatments of GSK-3 inhibitor (I8) also blocked the spine increase induced by tadalafil. However, inhibitors of other representative synaptic kinases, including LIMK, Erk/MAPK, PKA, PKC and PI3K, did not suppress the tadalafil-induced spine increases.PDE5 inhibitors have attracted attention on their recovery effects from pathological damages, including memory improvement from cognitive impairment by Stroke, Amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation and tau phosphorylation. The current finding of tadalafil’s function about rapid modulation of neural plasticity may add new elemental steps of anti-aging capacity against cognitive decline.
DUAL SECRETORY VESICLES CLUSTERING AND DYNAMICS DURING POLAR CELL ELONGATION IN THE PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGUSBOTRYTIS CINEREA
Authors: Hamandjian Adrien , Calvar Glen , Blandenet Matthieu , Crumière Mélanie , Poussereau Nathalie , Choquer Mathias , Bruel Christophe 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYFilamentous fungi grow through a process of polar elongation that is supported by secretory vesicles. These vesicles provide lipids to extend the plasma membrane and, among others, enzymes to synthesize the cell wall. We used confocal microscopy to locate and analyze the dynamics of secretory vesicles transporting a fluorescent chitin synthase CHSIIIa in the plant pathogenBotrytis cinerea. Two populations of growing hyphae were identified, one exhibiting a typical spheroidal spitzenkörper at the apex, the other one with vesicles forming a crescent instead. Neither curvature of the apex nor hyphal width significantly differ between the two populations. Mean hyphal elongation was also no different between the two populations, with two co-existing patterns of pronounced and less pronounced stepwise extensions. In contrast the growing spitzenkörper-hyphae displayed repetitive fluctuations in fluorescence intensity at the apex that were not detected in the crescent-hyphae. Using Fast Fourier Transform, these fluctuations were found periodic, and a single oscillator was determined that could explain the experimental data.
Dissecting the evolving cellular landscape of a remyelinating microenvironment
Authors: Melchor George S. , Baydyuk Maryna , Manavi Zeeba , Hu Jingwen , Huang Jeffrey K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDemyelination, or the loss of myelin in the central nervous system (CNS) is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) and occurs in various forms of CNS injury and neurodegenerative diseases. The regeneration of myelin, or remyelination, occurs spontaneously following demyelination. The lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced focal demyelination model enables investigations into the mechanisms of remyelination, providing insight into the molecular basis underlying an evolving remyelinating microenvironment over a tractable time course. Here, we present a detailed analysis using high-resolution single nucleus RNA sequencing to investigate gene expression dynamics across multiple cell populations involved in the remyelination process. We examine three specific time points following focal demyelinating injury in mice, and by delineating activation states within the heterogeneous cell populations of demyelinated lesions, we highlight changes in gene expression within subclusters of each cell population from the early stages of injury response to the initiation and maintenance of remyelination. Our findings reveal how shifts in microglial, astrocytic and fibroblast activities within lesions are associated with efficient oligodendrocyte differentiation during remyelination.
Cell fate specification modes shape transcriptome evolution in the highly conserved spiral cleavage
Authors: Liang Yan , Wei Jingcheng , Kang Yue , Carrillo-Baltodano Allan M. , Martín-Durán José M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEarly animal development can be remarkably variable, influenced by lineage-specific reproductive strategies and adaptations. Yet, early embryogenesis is also strikingly conserved in some groups, like Spiralia (e.g., snails, clams, and many marine worms). In this large clade, a shared cleavage program –– the so-called spiral cleavage –– and similar cell lineages are ancestral to at least seven animal phyla. Why early development is so conserved in specific groups and plastic in others is not fully understood. Here, we investigated two annelid species ––Owenia fusiformis andCapitella teleta–– with spiral cleavage but different modes of specifying their primary progenitor cells. By generating high-resolution transcriptomic time courses from the oocyte and fertilisation until gastrulation, we show transcriptional dynamics are markedly different between these species during spiral cleavage and instead reflect their distinct timings of embryonic organiser specification. However, the end of cleavage and gastrulation exhibit high transcriptomic similarity. At these stages, orthologous transcription factors share gene expression domains, suggesting this period is a previously overlooked mid-developmental transition in annelid embryogenesis. Together, our data reveal hidden developmental plasticity in the genetics underpinning spiral cleavage, indicating an evolutionary decoupling of morphological and transcriptomic conservation during early animal embryogenesis.
Visual circuitry for distance estimation inDrosophila
Authors: Shomar Joseph , Wu Elizabeth , Au Braedyn , Maier Kate , Zhou Baohua , Matos Natalia C.B. , Sager Garrett , Santana Gustavo , Tanaka Ryosuke , Gish Caitlin , Clark Damon A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAnimals must infer the three-dimensional structure of their environment from two-dimensional images on their retinas. In particular, visual cues like motion parallax and binocular disparity can be used to judge distances to objects. Studies across several animal models have found neural signals that correlate with visual distance, but the causal role of these neurons in distance estimation as well as the range of possible neural properties that can inform distance estimation have remained poorly understood. Here, we developed a novel high-throughput behavioral assay to identify neurons in theDrosophilavisual system that are involved in distance estimation during free locomotion. We found that silencing the primary motion detectors in the fly visual system eliminated their ability to perceive distance, consistent with a reliance on motion parallax to judge distance. Through a targeted silencing screen of visual neurons during behavior and throughin vivotwo-photon microscopy, we identified a visual projection neuron that encodes the parallax signal in the relative motion of foreground and background. Interestingly, it differs from previously identified parallax-tuned neurons in its lack of direction selectivity both to moving bars and to moving backgrounds. This non-canonical tuning is interpretable in the context of parallax signals that the fly would likely encounter during naturalistic walking behavior. Our results demonstrate how both direction selective and non-direction selective feature-detecting neurons can contribute to distance estimation using parallax cues, providing a framework for considering broader classes of parallax-encoding neurons in distance estimation across visual systems.
Analysis of the potential of environmentalBurkholderia sensu latoisolates to cause infection in a zebrafish embryo model
Authors: Gigan J , Boyer J , Moulin L , Vergunst AC 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBurkholderia sensu lato(s.l.) regroups several genera of closely related bacterial species with remarkable diversity in metabolic features. They can be free-living or have mutualistic or pathogenic interactions with different host organisms, including insects, plants and animals.Burkholderias.l. species display numerous characteristics that can be beneficial for agronomical and biotechnological applications, including promotion of plant growth and bioremediation; however, many of the species are known human pathogens. Several recent taxonomical reclassifications of theBurkholderiagenus resulted in its separation into 7 distinct genera.Burkholderia sensu stricto(s.s.), which includes theBurkholderia cepaciacomplex and thepseudomalleigroup, regroups most of the species that have been shown to cause infection in humans and plants. Little is known about the pathogenic potential of species belonging to the other 6 genera; however there have been occasional reports of human infections.Here, the vertebrate zebrafish embryo was used to analyse the behaviour of a panel of environmental isolates belonging to different species of theBurkholderia cepaciacomplex (5),Paraburkholderia(5) andCaballeronia(1).Burkholderia cepaciaP14-NS,Burkholderia orbicolaP21-NS, andParaburkholderiasp. ABIP659 (closest toP. tropica, and further namedtropica-like) each caused a low percentage (2%) of embryo mortality. While the other strains had not killed the embryos during the 4-day time span of the experiments, overall,ParaburkholderiaandBurkholderias.s. strains persisted equally well in this vertebrate host. Unexpectedly,P. tropica-like showed the highest increase in bacterial burden during infection, and induced the strongest pro-inflammatory response, including abscess formation, and poor prognosis at the endpoint of the experiment. Our study emphasizes that in vivo infection studies are needed to gain more insight into potential pathogenicity of the differentBurkholderias.l. species.
Generation of a transgenic P. cynomolgiparasite expressingP. vivaxcircumsporozoite protein for testing pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccines in non-human primates
Authors: Aleshnick Maya , Hegde Shreeya , Jennison Charlie , Mikolajczak Sebastian , Vaughan Ashley , Haumpy Derek , Straimer Judith , Wilder Brandon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMalaria, caused by infection withPlasmodiumparasites, exacts a heavy toll worldwide. There are two licensed vaccines for malaria as well as two monoclonal antibodies that have shown promising efficacy in field trials. Both vaccines and monoclonals target the major surface protein (circumsporozoite protein, CSP) ofPlasmodium falciparum. YetPfis only one of the four major species ofPlasmodiumthat infects humans.Plasmodium vivaxis the second leading cause of malaria butPvvaccine and monoclonal development lags far behindP. falciparumowing to the lack of basic preclinical tools such asin vitroculture or mouse models that replicate the key biological features ofP. vivax. Notably among these features is the ability to form dormant liver stages (hypnozoites) that reactivate and drive the majority ofP. vivaxmalaria burden.Plasmodium cynomolgiis a simian parasite which is genotypically and phenotypically very close toP. vivax, can infect common research non-human primates and replicates many features ofPvincluding relapsing hypnozoites. Recently, a strain ofPchas been adapted toin vitroculture allowing parasite transgenesis. Here, we created a transgenicP. cynomolgiparasite in which the endogenousPcCSP has been replaced withPvCSP with the goal of enabling preclinical study of anti-PvCSP interventions to protect against primary and relapse infections. We show that thein vitro-generated transgenicPc[PvCSP] parasite expresses both serotypes ofPvCSP and retains full functionalityin vivoincluding the ability to transmit to laboratory-rearedAnophelesmosquitos and cause relapsing infection in rhesus macaques. To our knowledge, this is the first gene replacement in a relapsingPlasmodiumspecies. This work can directly enablein vivodevelopment of anti-PvCSP interventions and provide a blueprint for the study of relapsing malaria through reverse genetics.
Fatty acyl-CoA reductase FAR1 is essential for testicular seminolipid synthesis, spermatogenesis, and male fertility
Authors: Tamazawa Ayano , Naganuma Tatsuro , Otsuka Kento , Takahashi Tenga , Sassa Takayuki , Kihara Akio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSeminolipids are testis-specific ether glycolipids that are important for spermatogenesis. The fatty alcohol (ether-linked alkyl moiety) in ether lipids is generated from an acyl-CoA by fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR). To date, the diversity of the alkyl and acyl moieties in seminolipids, the specific stage of spermatogenesis during which seminolipids are produced, and the FAR isozyme (FAR1 or FAR2) involved in the synthesis of the alkyl moieties have remained largely unclear. Here, we demonstrated thatFar1is expressed in the mouse testis via quantitative RT-PCR analysis, whereasFar2was barely detectable.In situhybridization and quantitative RT-PCR analysis of spermatogenic cells separated via FACS revealed thatFar1is expressed in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids. We generatedFar1knockout (KO) mice and found that maleFar1KO mice were infertile. In these mice, sperms were absent in the epididymides and the testes were small, with multinucleated cells and vacuoles in the seminiferous tubules. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that the vast majority of seminolipids (> 90%) in wild-type mouse testes contained C16:0 in both the alkyl and the acyl moieties. Seminolipids were present in all subclasses of spermatogenic cells in wild-type mice, but they were absent inFar1KO mice. Instead, the production of non-ether, diacyl-type sulfogalactosyl lipids (sulfogalactosyl diacylglycerols) was induced inFar1KO mice. In conclusion, the alkyl and acyl moieties of seminolipids in the testis are low in diversity, andFar1is essential for seminolipid synthesis and spermatogenesis.
Pathogens spread by high-altitude windborne mosquitoes
Authors: Bamou R , Dao A , Yaro AS , Kouam C , Ergunay K , Bourke BP , Diallo M , Sanogo ZL , Samake D , Afrane YA , Mohammed AR , Owusu-Asenso CM , Akosah-Brempong G , Pambit-Zong CM , Krajacich BJ , Faiman R , Pacheco MA , Escalante AA , Weaver SC , Nartey R , Chapman JW , Reynolds DR , Linton Y-M , Lehmann T 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that many mosquito species regularly engage in high-altitude windborne migration, but its epidemiological significance was debated. The hypothesis that high-altitude mosquitoes spread pathogens over large distances has not been directly tested. Here, we report for the first time that high-altitude windborne mosquitoes are commonly infected with arboviruses, protozoans, and helminths affecting vertebrates and humans, and provide the first description of this pathogen-vector aerial network. A total of 1,017 female mosquitoes (81.4%, N=1,249) intercepted on nets suspended from helium balloons at altitudes of 120-290 m above ground over Mali and Ghana were screened for infection with arboviruses, plasmodia, and filariae, using pan-genus qPCR analyses followed by sequencing of positive samples. The mosquito fauna collected at altitude comprised 61 species, across 9 genera, dominated byCulex,Aedes,andAnopheles. Infection and infectiousness rates of high-altitude migrant mosquitoes were 7.2% and 4.4% with plasmodia, 1.6% and 0.6% with filariae, 3.5% and 1.1% with flaviviruses, respectively. Nineteen mosquito-borne pathogens were identified, including three arboviruses: dengue, West Nile and M’Poko viruses, 13 putative plasmodia species includingPlasmodium matutinumandP. relictum, three filariids, includingPelecitusspp., 27 insect-specific viruses and 5 non-mosquito-borne pathogens (e.g.,Trypanosoma theileri). Confirmed head-thorax (disseminated) infections of multiple pathogens in multiple mosquito species, eg.,Culex perexiguus,Coquilletidia metallica,Mansonia uniformis, andAnopheles squamosusprovides evidence that pathogens carried by high-altitude windborne mosquitoes are infectious and likely capable of infecting naïve hosts far from their starting location. This traffic of sylvatic pathogens may be key to their maintenance among foci as well as initiating outbreaks away from them.
Shoot nitrate status regulates Arabidopsis shoot growth and systemic transcriptional responses via shoot adenylate isopentenyltransferase 3
Authors: Monden Kota , Suzuki Takamasa , Kojima Mikiko , Takebayashi Yumiko , Sugiura Daisuke , Nakagawa Tsuyoshi , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Hachiya Takushi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPlants systemically regulate growth and gene expression according to their internal nitrate status. Our previous study reported that shoot nitrate accumulation increases shoot expression ofADENYLATE ISOPENTENYLTRANSFERASE 3(IPT3) and shoot levels ofN6-(Δ2-isopentenyl) adenine (iP)-type cytokinin (CK).IPT3expression is localized in the phloem, and iP-type CKs, which are synthesized by IPT3, are phloem-mobile. Hence, systemic responses to shoot nitrate status may be regulated by the shoot-expressed IPT3. To examine this, we developed a novel system to manipulate nitrate levels andIPT3expression in a shoot-specific manner and performed growth analysis, CK determination, and RNA-sequencing. Our results demonstrated that shoot nitrate accumulation increased shoot growth and shoot concentrations of iP-type CKs via shoot IPT3. Transcriptomic responses to shoot nitrate satiety were largely tuned by shoot IPT3, with opposite effects in shoots and roots. Shoot IPT3 amplified shoot responses of nitrate-inducible genes and immune response genes to shoot nitrate accumulation, while dampened root responses of nitrate transport/assimilation genes. This transcriptomic modulation via shoot IPT3 was accompanied by coherent transcriptional changes in genes encoding mobile peptides and transcriptional repressors. Here we present a novel scheme integrating shoot nitrate satiety responses with CK signaling.Summary StatementOur novel experimental approach, combining micrografting and transfer experiments, reveals that shoot nitrate status regulates Arabidopsis shoot growth and systemic transcriptional responses via the shoot-expressed adenylate isopentenyltransferase 3
Hippocampal sharp-wave ripples decrease during physical actions including consummatory behavior in immobile rodents
Authors: Sakairi Tomomi , Kawabata Masanori , Rios Alain , Sakai Yutaka , Isomura Yoshikazu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) are intermittent, fast synchronous oscillations that play a pivotal role in memory formation. It has been well-established that SWRs occur during “consummatory behaviors”, e.g., eating or drinking a reward for correct action. However, most of typical behavioral experiments using freely moving rodents have not rigorously distinguished between the act of eating/drinking (regardless of consummation or consumption) from stopping locomotion (immobility). Therefore, in this study, we investigated the occurrence of SWRs during a reward-seeking action and subsequent consummatory reward licking in constantly immobile rats maintained under head fixation and body covering. Immobile rats performed a pedal hold-release action that was rewarded with water every other time (false and true consummation). Unexpectedly, the SWRs remarkably decreased during reward licking as well as pedal release action. Unlearned rats also showed a similar SWR decrease during water licking. Conversely, SWRs gradually increased during the pedal hold period, which was enhanced by reward expectation. A cluster of hippocampal neurons responded to cue/pedal release and reward, as previously shown. Some other clusters exhibited spike activity changes similar to the SWR occurrence, i.e., decreasing during the pedal release action and reward licking, and enhanced by reward expectation during pedal hold period. These task event-responsive neurons and SWR-like neurons displayed stronger spiking synchrony with SWRs than task-unrelated neurons. These findings suggest that the hippocampus generates SWRs, which may associate action with outcome, in “relative immobility” (action pauses) rather than specific consummation or consumption.Significance StatementTo clarify the characteristics of hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SWRs), we analyzed the SWRs occurring during operant task performance in immobile rats under both head fixation and body covering. First, we found that SWRs decreased when they licked and drank water, conflicting with the theory that SWRs occur in consummatory behavior. Second, hippocampal neurons showed different task-related activities, particularly those that resembled SWR occurrences or conveyed specific signals on task events. Third, these task-related neurons displayed strong synchronous discharges during SWRs in task-engaged periods. These findings may explain the neuronal mechanisms underlying the association between an action and its outcome.
YBa1−xSrxCuFeO5
layered perovskites: An attempt to explore the magnetic order beyond the paramagnetic-collinear-spiral triple point
Authors: Porée V. , Gawryluk D. J. , Shang T. , Rodríguez-Velamazań J. A. , Casati N. , Sheptyakov D. , Torrelles X. , Medarde M. 
Published: December 2024

Layered perovskites of general formula AA'CuFeO5 are characterized by the presence of spiral magnetic phases whose ordering temperatures Tspiral can be tuned far beyond room temperature by introducing modest amounts of Cu/Fe chemical disorder in the crystal structure. This rare property makes these materials prominent candidates to host multiferroicity and magnetoelectric coupling at temperatures suitable for applications. Moreover, it has been proposed that the highest Tspiral value that can be reached in this structural family (∼400 K) corresponds to a paramagnetic-collinear-spiral triple point with potential to show exotic physics. Since generating high amounts of Cu/Fe disorder is experimentally difficult, the phase diagram region beyond the triple point has been barely explored. To fill this gap we investigate here eleven YBa1−xSrxCuFeO5 solid solutions (0≤x≤1 ), where we replace Ba with Sr with the aim of enhancing the impact of the experimentally available Cu/Fe disorder. Using a combination of bulk magnetization measurements, synchrotron x-ray and neutron powder diffraction we show that the spiral state with ks=(12,12,12±q) is destabilized beyond a critical Sr content, being replaced by a fully antiferromagnetic state with ordering temperature Tcoll2≥Tspiral and propagation vector kc2=(12,12,0). Interestingly, both Tspiral and Tcoll2 increase with x with comparable rates. This suggests a common, disorder-driven origin for both magnetic phases, consistent with theoretical predictions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024