bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Laju Alir Umpan dan Arus Recycle Terhadap Proses Fermentasi Bioetanol Menggunakan Integrated Aerobic-Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (IAABR)
Authors: Margono Margono , Manfaat Muhammad Azis Rigit , Hutomo Afianto Suryo , Ramadhani Aida Nur 
Published: February 2021

<div class="WordSection1"><p><strong>Abstrak.</strong><strong> </strong>Bahan bakar berbasis minyak bumi merupakan sumber energi utama yang digunakan di dunia. Namun, ada masalah di masa depan dengan cadangan minyak bumi yang menurun. Oleh karena itu beralih ke sumber energi alternatif adalah suatu keharusan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh laju alir umpan dan laju alir daur ulang terhadap proses fermentasi bioetanol menggunakan baffled reactor aerob-anaerobik terintegrasi, khususnya terhadap produksi bioetanol dan konsumsi gula. Proses start up dijalankan dengan volume kerja medium 25 L selama 54 jam inkubasi. Aliran daur ulang bervariasi menjadi 5 L/jam dan 10 L/jam ketika feed rate 12,6 L/jam. Dalam percobaan lain, laju aliran umpan dijalankan pada 5 dan 12,6 L/jam ketika laju aliran daur ulang adalah 10 L/jam. Sampel kaldu diambil secara berkala untuk pengukuran konsentrasi bioetanol, populasi ragi dan sisa gula konsumsi. Percobaan menghasilkan konsentrasi bioetanol tertinggi sebesar 14% v/v pada limbah reaktor. Ini lebih tinggi dari proses tanpa daur ulang media proses. Namun demikian, tidak ada perbedaan pengaruh laju alir daur ulang 5 L/jam dan 10 L/jam terhadap produksi bioetanol.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Petroleum based fuel is the main energy source used in the world. However, there is a future problem with the declined petroleum reserves. Therefore changing to alternative energy resource is a must. This reserach was to investigate the effects of feed flowrate and recycle flow rate on bioethanol fermentation process using integrated aerobic-anaerobic baffled reactor, especially on bioethanol production and sugar consumption. Start up process was run with working volume of 25 L medium for 54 hours incubation. The recycle flow varried into 5 L/h and 10 L/h when the feed rate was 12.6 L/h. In other experiments, the feed flow rate was run at 5 and 12.6 L/h when the recycle flow rate was 10 L/h. The broth samples were taken out periodically for measurements of bioethanol concentration, yeast population and residual sugar of consumptions. The experiments results in the highest bioethanol concentration of 14% v/v at the effluent of reactor. It is higher from the process without recyle of process medium. Nevertherless, no difference effect of the recycle flow rate of 5 L/h and 10 L/h on the bioethanol production.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Bioethanol, Baffled Reactor, Feed, Recycle</p></div>
Survei keberagaman lumut dan pohon inang di kawasan Kebun Raya Bogor
Authors: Lestiani Alfira , Lestari Retno Sri Dewi , Rizkia Rinjani Ayu , Pratiwi Asri Mutia , Azrai Eka Putri , Rini Daniar Setyo 
Published: February 2021

Lumut (Bryophyta) adalah kelompok tumbuhan tingkat rendah. Lumut memiliki peran yang sangat penting bagi ekosistem yaitu untuk menjaga sirkulasi hara, keseimbangan air, menjadi habitat penting bagi organisme lain, dan dapat digunakan sebagai indikator biologis lingkungan. Lumut hidup menempel pada berbagai macam substrat diantaranya batu, pohon, kayu, dan tanah. Kebun Raya Bogor merupakan kawasan konservasi ex situ dan merupakan representasi kekayaan tumbuhan Indonesia, salah satunya adalah lumut. Terdapat banyak tumbuhan tingkat tinggi di Kebun Raya Bogor yang berpotensi menjadi tempat hidup dan basis tumbuh kembang lumut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis lumut dan substratnya di Kebun Raya Bogor. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada 25 November 2020. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan mengindentifikasi spesies tanaman Lumut beserta pohon inangnya di sepanjang jalan Kenari di Kebun Raya Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei eksploratif dengan teknik sampling menggunakan kuadrat. Hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa Jumlah total spesies lumut yang ditemukan pada 7 pohon inang adalah 11 spesies yang dapat diidentifikasi yaitu Isopterygium sp., Lejeunea sp., Ectropothecium sp., Barbula unguiculata, Neckeropsis sp., Cirriphyllum piliferum, Radula javanica, Lopholejeunea sp., Symphyogyna sp., Sphagnum sp., dan Taxiphullum sp.. Jenis lumut yang paling banyak ditemukan di pohon (substrat) sekitar jalan Kenari Kebun Raya Bogor adalah jenis Lejeuneae sp.
Evaluation of Lithology Variations in Layered Red Beds with Depth: An Example of the Yellow River Guxian Dam, NW China
Authors: Li Qing-Bo , Wang Jun-Zhi , Wang Gui-Jun , Liu Qing-Liang , Yan Chang-Bin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lithology variations, which are recognized as rock type differences, significantly affect the physical properties of rock masses in red beds. In this paper, we introduce a statistical method for quantitatively evaluating the degree of lithology variations in layered red beds with depth. The core of this method is to use borehole logs as random variables for statistical analysis to calculate the percentage of a specified lithology at a given elevation, which involves seven steps of attitude calculation, reference point selection, distance calculation, elevation modification, data discretization, data statistics, and curve plotting. The Yellow River Guxian Dam is chosen as a field case study. We classify rock types of feldspar sandstone, fine sandstone, and conglomerate into hard rocks and that rock types of calcareous siltstone, argillaceous siltstone, and mudstone into soft rocks. Borehole logs recorded during the geological investigation are used to plot the percentage curve of hard rocks. We find that the degree of lithology variations for each lithology group differs greatly, the general behaviors of lithology variations on two sides of the Guxian Dam riverbed are quite similar but still with some differences, and that some thick lithology groups can be finely divided into several subgroups. On the basis of the hard rock percentage curve, we introduce a lithology variation index to quantitatively characterize the degree of lithology variations, which can be used as an important index to supplement the traditional methods when performing rock mass classifications in red beds. We also plot the trilithology percentage curve of sandstone, calcareous siltstone, and argillaceous siltstone, which serves for the determination of physical parameters of the dam foundation rock mass, the identification of the potential shear sliding surface, and the search for an impervious grouting bottom. Moreover, we find that the crest and trough, which are local high and low points in the hard rock percentage curve, can be used to show some characteristics of shear zones. The locations of shear zones are well represented in the form of troughs and that the development of shear zones has a good linear relationship with the hard rock percentage of the corresponding crest. The method proposed in this paper can be promoted and applied in similar projects or studies.
Annotating and Detecting Topics in Social Media Forum and Modelling the Annotation to Derive Directions-A Case Study
Authors: B Athira , Jones Josette , Idicula Sumam Mary , Kulanthaivel Anand , Zhang Enming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The widespread influence of social media impacts every aspect of life, including the healthcare sector. Although medics and health professionals are the final decision makers, the advice and recommendations obtained from fellow patients are significant. In this context, the present paper explores the topics of discussion posted by breast cancer patients and survivors on online forums. The study examines an online forum, Breastcancer.org, maps the discussion entries to several topics, and proposes a machine learning model based on a classification algorithm to characterize the topics. To explore the topics of breast cancer patients and survivors, approximately 1000 posts are selected and manually labeled with annotations. In contrast, millions of posts are available to build the labels. A semi-supervised learning technique is used to build the labels for the unlabeled data; hence, the large data are classified using a deep learning algorithm. The deep learning algorithm BiLSTM with BERT word embedding technique provided a better f1-score of 79.5%. This method is able to classify the following topics: medication reviews, clinician knowledge, various treatment options, seeking and providing support, diagnostic procedures, financial issues and implications for everyday life. What matters the most for the patients is coping with everyday living as well as seeking and providing emotional and informational support. The approach and findings show the potential of studying social media to provide insight into patients' experiences with cancer like critical health problems.
The Prognostic Value of Long Non-Coding RNA SNHG7 in Human Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.
Authors: Yu Kexun , Chen Lu , Chen Zihua , Yuan Weijie , Zeng Pengwei , Xiao Lei , Huang Changhao , Xiao Runsha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The long non-coding RNA SNHG7 is upregulated in many types of cancer and plays a role as an oncogene. However, its overall predictive ability in human cancer prognosis has not been assessed using existing databases. Therefore, further study of its prognostic value and clinical significance in human malignancies is warranted.Methods: We systematically collected relevant literature from multiple electronic document databases about the relationship between SNHG7 expression level and prognosis in patients with solid cancers. We further screened them for eligibility. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the prognostic value. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% CIs were collected to evaluate the relationship between the expression of SNHG7 and clinicopathological features, including lymph node metastasis (LNM), tumour size, tumour node metastasis (TNM) stage and histological grade.Results: Fourteen original studies involving 971 patients were enrolled strictly following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed that SNHG7 expression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival (HR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.64–2.26, p < 0.001) in human cancer patients. In addition, the pooled OR indicated that overexpression of SNHG7 was associated with earlier LNM (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.44–2.32; P <0.001), and advanced TNM stage (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.44–2.30; P <0.001).Meanwhile, there was no significant heterogeneity between the selected studies, proving the reliability of the meta-analysis results.Conclusions: High SNHG7 expression may predict poor oncological outcomes in patients with multiple human cancers, which could be a novel prognostic biomarker of unfulfilled clinicopathological features. However, further high-quality studies are needed to verify and strengthen the clinical value of SNHG7 in different types of cancer.
Observation of Retinal Neovascularization using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography after Panretinal Photocoagulation for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: He Feng , Dong Fangtian , Yu Weihong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: To describe the longitudinal changes of retinal neovascularization elsewhere (NVE) on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) treated by panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). Methods: Each patient included in this prospective clinical study was newly diagnosed PDR and NVE on both fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and OCTA. They received PRP of 4 sessions using multi-wavelength laser. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCTA images encompassing NVE were obtained before each PRP session and at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Paired sample t-test was used to investigate differences between BCVA and NVE area before and after PRP. Results: Thirty-two eyes of 32 patients with a mean age of 50.56 ± 7.05 years were included. We found statistically significant reduction in the NVE size at all timepoints compared with the baseline except at 6 months (all P < 0.05). Further analysis demonstrated no statistically significant change of NVE size between two adjacent timepoints except from baseline to post-1st PRP and from 3 months to 6 months (both P < 0.05). BCVA at 3 months showed a statistically significant improvement compared with baseline (P < 0.05), but no significant changes of BCVA were observed during other visits.Conclusions: Using OCTA we found an overall regression in the NVE size following PRP starting as early as 1 week after 1st session and lasting until 3 months. OCTA provides quantitative information of vascular changes and could be a practical method for the longitudinal evaluation of neovascularization.
Genetic Alteration of Chinese Patient With Rectal Mucosal Melanoma
Authors: Li Huan , Yang Lujing , Lai Yumei , Wang Dongliang , Li Xiaojuan , Hu Nana , Kong Yan , Si Lu , Li Zhongwu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDRectal mucosal melanoma (RMM) is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Due to the rarity of RMM, few studies about genetic mechanism of the malignant tumor have been conducted. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the mutation spectrum of RMM in China and lay a foundation for targeted therapy.METHODSNext-generation sequencing was performed in 36 patients with primary RMM in Peking University Cancer Hospital from May 2010 to March 2019. TMB estimates were determined applying the TruSight Oncology 500 targeted sequencing panel. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier, log-rank test.RESULTSNRG1 deletions, BRAF mutations and mitotic index were significant prognostic factors in the univariate analysis. In multivariable analysis in overall survival of the prognostic factors in primary RMM patients, it revealed 2 significant variables: NRG1 deletions [HR = 8.830 (95%CI: 1.026–76.026), P = 0.047)]and BRAF mutations [HR = 7.877 (95%CI: 1.158–53.603), P = 0.035].CONCLUSIONSThis is the first study to show genetic alterations exclusively to Chinese patients with RMM. Although the sample size of the current study is relatively small, we confirmed genetic mutations of RMM differs from cutaneous melanoma. Our study indicates that BRAF and NRG1 may be potential therapeutic targets for rectal mucosal melanoma treatment. AKT3/KCNH1 fusion was correlated with a poor prognostic of RMM.
The Impact of Pre-emptive Large Dose of Methylprednisolone Combined With Gabapentin on Pain Treatment and Convalescence After Total Knee Arthroplasty in Elderly. A Randomized Control Study
Authors: Liszka Henryk , Zając Małgorzata , Gądek Artur 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to assess whether administration of gabapentin and methylprednisolone as “pre-emptive analgesia” in a group of patients above 65 years of age would be effective in complex pain management therapy following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Material and Methods One hundred seventy, above 65 years old patients were qualified for the study, and 10 patients were excluded due to clinical situation. One hundred sixty patients were double-blind randomized into two groups: the study (eighty patients) and controls (eighty patients). The study group received as “pre-emptive” analgesia a single dose of 300 mg oral gabapentin and 125 mg intravenous methylprednisolone, while the others placebo. Perioperatively, all the patients received opioid and nonopioid analgesic agents calculated for 1 kg of body weight. We measured the levels of inflammatory markers (leukocytosis, C-reactive protein - CRP), pain intensity level at rest (numerical rating scale - NRS), the life parameters and all complications. Results Following administration of gabapentin and methylprednisolone as “pre-emptive” analgesia CRP values being lower on all postoperative days ( 1, 2 days - p<0,00001, 3 day – p=000538), leukocytosis on day 2 (p<0,0086) and 3 (p<0,00042), the NRS score at rest 6, 12 (p<0,000001), 18 (p<0,00004) and 24 (p=0,005569) hours postoperatively . Methylprednisolone with gabapentin significantly decreased the dose of parenteral opioid preparations (p=0,000006). The duration time of analgesia was significantly longer in study group (p<0,000001). No infectious complications were observed; in the control group, one patient manifested transient ischaemic attack (TIA). Conclusion The use of gabapentin and methylprednisolone at a single dose decreases the level of postoperative pain on the day of surgery, the dose of opioid analgesic preparations, the level of inflammatory parameters without infectious processes.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Transcriptional Expressions and Prognostic Value of S100A Family in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Hong-Bin , Wang Jian-Li , Jin Xiao-Dong , Zhao Lei , Ye Hui-Li , Ma Yong , Jiang Xiang-Yan , Yu Ze-Yuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a treatment-refractory malignancy with poor prognosis. It is urgent to identify novel and valid biomarkers to predict the progress and prognosis of PDAC. The S100A family have been identified as being involved in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation progression of various cancer types. However, the expression patterns and prognostic values of S100As in PDAC remain to be analyzed.
Methods

We investigated the transcriptional expressions, methylation level and prognostic value of S100As in PDAC patients from the Oncomine, GEPIA2, Linkedomics, and cBioPortal databases. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expressions of S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 in four pancreatic cancer cell lines and pancreatic cancer tissues from PDAC patients undergoing surgery. To verify the results further, immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 in 43 PDAC patients’ tissue samples. The drug relations of S100As were also analyzed by using Drugbank.
Results

The results suggested that, the expression levels of S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 were elevated to PDAC tissues than in normal pancreatic tissues, and the promoter methylation levels of S100A S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 in PDAC (n = 10) were lower compared with normal tissue (n = 184) (P < 0.05). In addition, their expressions were negatively correlated with PDAC patient survival.
Conclusions

Taken together, these results suggest that S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 might be served as prognostic biomarkers for survivals of PDAC patients.
Need of Care in Interpreting Google Trends-Based COVID-19 Infodemiological Study Results: Potential Risk of False-Positivity
Authors: Sato Kenichiro , Mano Tatsuo , Toda Tatsushi , Iwata Atsushi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Google Trends (GT) is being used as an epidemiological tool to study coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by identifying keywords in search trends that are predictive for the COVID-19 epidemiological burden. However, many of the earlier GT-based studies include potential statistical fallacies by measuring the correlation between non-stationary time sequences without adjusting for multiple comparisons or the confounding of media coverage, leading to concerns about the increased risk of obtaining false-positive results. In this study, we aimed to apply statistically more favorable methods to validate the earlier GT-based COVID-19 study results.
Methods
We extracted the relative GT search volume for keywords associated with COVID-19 symptoms, and evaluated their Granger-causality to weekly COVID-19 positivity in eight English-speaking countries and Japan. In addition, the impact of media coverage on keywords with significant Granger-causality was further evaluated using Japanese regional data.
Results
Our Granger causality-based approach largely decreased (by up to approximately one-third) the number of keywords identified as having a significant temporal relationship with the COVID-19 trend when compared to those identified by the Pearson correlation-based approach. “Sense of smell” and “loss of smell” were the most reliable GT keywords across all the evaluated countries; however, when adjusted with their media coverage, these keyword trends did not Granger-cause the COVID-19 positivity trends (in Japan).
Conclusions
Our results suggest that some of the search keywords reported as candidate predictive measures in earlier GT-based COVID-19 studies may potentially be unreliable; therefore, caution is necessary when interpreting published GT-based study results.
Frequency and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: A Multicenter Study in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Shamsi Uzma , Azam Iqbal , Shamsi Azra , Shamsi Dua , Callen David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency is becoming a serious public health problem, even in sun-drenched cities like Karachi, Pakistan. We investigated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency VDD and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, and lifestyle factors among Pakistani women (n = 784). Methods: Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect information from premenopausal and menopausal women and serum 25(OH)D was measured after the interview. Results: The mean age of the women was 46.2 years, and the mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D (+/- SD) levels were 22.9 ng/ml (+/-20.3). A total of 57% of women were vitamin D deficient with higher vitamin D deficiency found among premenopausal (64.7%) women compared to menopausal women (49%). Factors associated with vitamin D deficiency were lower socioeconomic status (OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.15–3.48), younger age with highest vitamin D deficiency in < 35 years of age (OR 3.11; 95% CI 1.76–5.51), and winter season (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.07-2.15) after adjusting for multiple confounders. The use of vitamin D supplement use (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.38-0.92) and vigorous exercise (OR 0.20, 95 % CI 0.05-0.80) was protective against vitamin D deficiency. Conclusions: The study shows a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, with detrimental health effects among younger women belonging to lower socioeconomic status during the winter season. The use of vitamin D supplements and vigorous exercise were protective measures. Public health campaigns are needed for education and awareness about vitamin D deficiency to improve vitamin D status for younger women living in poor environments.
A Novel Approach to Support New Foundation Doctor Transition
Authors: Kwan Tsun Yu , Vadeyar Sharvari , Amuthalingam Thuvarahan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

It is a long-standing problem that medical students feel unprepared for practice following graduation. Disruptions to final year education during the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated this situation.
Methods

An online webinar series called “FY1 Survival Guide” was designed to cover the topics of the hidden curriculum. New medical graduates from the globe were invited to attend. An online survey was conducted afterwards in order to assess the improvement in confidence levels and the effectiveness of web-based teaching.
Results

76 responses were included. 85.5% showed an increase in preparedness after attending the series. 96.1% revealed the topics were not covered in medical school. Over half (55.3%) favoured online teaching in general.
Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that online teaching is tantamount to face-to-face training. It could be the prospective new practice of foundation doctor training, yet further research should be conducted on exploring how to standardise and promote this pedagogy.