bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol consumption and risk of inflammatory bowel disease among three prospective US cohorts
Authors: Casey Kevin , Lopes Emily W. , Niccum Blake , Burke Kristin , Ananthakrishnan Ashwin N. , Lochhead Paul , Richter James M. , Chan Andrew T. , Khalili Hamed 
Published: December 2021

SummaryBackground and aimsThere are limited data on alcohol dose and types and risk of Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). We therefore sought to comprehensively examine the association between alcohol consumption and risk of CD and UC.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of 237,835 participants from the Nurses’ Health Study, Nurses’ Health Study II, and Health Professional Follow‐Up Study. Alcohol consumption was obtained through questionnaires submitted every four years; additional covariates were obtained at two or four‐year intervals. Cases were confirmed independently by two physicians through medical record review. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate age and multivariable‐adjusted hazards ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsAcross 5,170,474 person‐years of follow‐up, 370 cases of CD and 486 cases of UC were documented. Increased consumption of alcohol intake was not associated with CD (Ptrend = 0.455) or UC (Ptrend = 0.745). Compared to non‐users, the MV‐adjusted HRs for 15.0 + g/day of alcohol intake group were 0.84 (95% CI 0.56, 1.24) for CD and 1.08 (95% CI 0.77, 1.51) for UC. In analyses of alcohol subtypes, we observed that only moderate consumption of beer (>1‐4 servings/week) was marginally associated with reduced risk of CD, while consumption of >4 servings/week of liquor was associated with an increased risk of UC.ConclusionThis prospective study did not identify a relationship between overall alcohol consumption and risk of CD or UC. Our suggestive associations between alcohol types and risk of CD and UC deserve additional investigation.
The smell of cooperativeness: Do human body odours advertise cooperative behaviours?
Authors: Tognetti Arnaud , Durand Valerie , Dubois Dimitri , Barkat‐Defradas Melissa , Hopfensitz Astrid , Ferdenzi Camille 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSeveral physical features influence the perception of how cooperative a potential partner is. While previous work focused on face and voice, it remains unknown whether body odours influence judgements of cooperativeness and if odour‐based judgements are accurate. Here, we first collected axillary odours of cooperative and uncooperative male donors through a public good game and used them as olfactory stimuli in a series of tasks examining whether and how they influence cooperative decision‐making in an incentivized economic game and ratings of cooperativeness. Our results show that having access to the donor's body odours provided a strategic advantage to women during economic decisions (but not to men): with age, women were more likely to cooperate with cooperative men and to avoid interacting with uncooperative men. Ratings of cooperativeness were nonetheless unrelated to the donors’ actual cooperativeness. Finally, while men with masculine and intense body odours were judged less cooperative, we found no evidence that donors’ actual cooperativeness was associated with less masculine or less intense body odour. Overall, our findings suggest that, as faces and voices, body odours influence perceived cooperativeness and might be used accurately and in a non‐aware manner as olfactory cues of cooperativeness, at least by women.
Financial cycle, business cycle, and policy uncertainty in India: An empirical investigation
Authors: Paramanik Rajendra N. , Bhandari Avishek , Kamaiah Bandi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper is an empirical attempt to assess the relations among business cycles, financial cycles, and economic uncertainty for India during the period January 2003 to January 2020. Empirical findings from the vector autoregression model suggest a bidirectional causal relationship between the real and financial markets. Further, the aforementioned markets are found to influence the uncertainty index in India. We employ the Granger causality test in the frequency domain which exhibits the dynamic nature of causal relations, while our novel fractal connectivity approach reveals the long‐run correlation structure among all three variables.
Effects of maternal adverse child experiences on parental maltreatment of children: An empirical study of mediating factors among Japanese mothers
Authors: Mitani Haruyo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite increasing research into connections between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and health problems, the impact of parental ACEs on parenting practices has not been sufficiently clear. The objective of the study was to consider whether the association between maternal ACEs and child maltreatment is affected by three mediating factors: socio‐economic status (SES), social support and maternal psychological distress in adulthood. The Kochi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (K‐CHILD) study (2016) provided the data for this study. Mothers who had children in the first, fifth, eighth and eleventh grade and who lived in the Kochi Prefecture of Japan participated. A pool of 11,954 completed child and caregiver questionnaires was used for analysis. We found that a large number of maternal ACEs was connected to higher risk of physical abuse, psychological abuse and neglect. Maternal psychological distress had the greatest mediating effect. Maternal ACEs can be a risk factor for maltreatment of children. This study suggests that care for mothers with psychological distress will be a key intervention to break the cycle of childhood adversity.
Predicting the influence of river network configuration, biological traits and habitat quality interactions on riverine fish invasions
Authors: Dominguez Almela Victoria , Palmer Stephen C. F. , Andreou Demetra , Gillingham Phillipa K. , Travis Justin M. J. , Britton J. Robert 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimThe relationships between species and their landscape are important for understanding migration patterns. In fluvial systems, the complexity of the river network can strongly influence the dispersal and colonization rates of invading alien fishes, but habitat quality, species’ biological traits and their location of introduction are also potentially important. However, understandings of how these factors interact in the wild to influence the spatial distribution of invasive species over time are limited from empirical studies.Location“Virtual” and “real‐world” rivers from England and Wales.MethodWe developed an individual‐based model (IBM) to predict how these different factors influenced the invasion dynamics and population growth rates (as abundances) of nine “virtual” alien fishes over two timeframes (10 and 30 years). The alien fishes differed in their demographic (r‐ to K‐selected) and dispersal (fast to slow) characteristics and the rivers in their network complexity.ResultsIrrespective of river type, species and timeframe, the main drivers of both dispersal and population growth were the location of the introduction and the mean habitat quality of the patch into which the species were released. The introduction location determined whether dispersal was mainly passive in a downstream direction (faster) or active in an upstream direction (slower), with higher habitat quality then enabling faster population growth rates. Over 30 years, invasion rates were predicted to increase as the complexity of the river network increased, as this opened multiple invasion fronts where the invader traits favoured faster dispersal.Main conclusionsThis novel IBM revealed how the complexity of the physical environment interacts with the biological traits of alien species to influence invasion outcomes, with the location of the introduction and its habitat quality being the most important factors. These results thus substantially increase understanding of the factors that influence the dispersal and colonization rates of alien freshwater fishes.
Fire affects galling insect communities through vegetation changes in a subtropical seasonally semiarid forest
Authors: Kuzmanich Nicolás , Giorgis Melisa A. , Salvo Adriana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Fire is one of the main factors shaping vegetation characteristics around the world, with deep and complex effects on higher levels of the food web and ecosystem functioning. Specialist insects tend to be more vulnerable to fire than generalists due to their higher dependency on host plants; however, fire effects on specialist insects are still not clearly known.
Our aim was to understand how fire‐induced changes in plant richness and floristic composition modulate community features of galling insects under different fire scenarios. Specifically, we address the following questions: Are changes in galling insect richness and herbivory explained by the variation in plant richness and floristic composition under different fire scenarios? Are species composition of vegetation and galling insect communities coupled under different fire scenarios?
Species richness of plant and galling insect communities was higher in burned than in unburned plots, but the highest species richness was observed under different fire scenarios in both communities. Galling insect richness was better predicted by floristic composition than plant richness. Herbivory was similar under different fire scenarios and weakly related to plant richness and composition. Species composition of vegetation and galling insect communities was strongly coupled across different fire scenarios.
The characteristics of galling insect communities were strongly affected by fire through vegetation changes, and were better explained by floristic composition than by plant richness. Our results highlight the importance of selecting areas under different fire scenarios to maximise biodiversity conservation.
Impact of COVID‐19 on dental education in Europe: The students' perspective
Authors: Coughlan James , Timuş Daniela , Crnic Tin , Srdoč Dora , Halton Ciara , Dragan Irina F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionCOVID‐19 pandemic impacted dental students and postgraduate residents world‐wide, forcing them to rapidly adapt to new forms of teaching and learning. Dental school leaderships needed to ensure the academic continuity, therefore the majority of the in‐person actives were transitioned into a virtual setting. The aim of this study was to identify students' perception regarding the measures taken to adapt during the pandemic by different dental schools in the European Region.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study utilised a validated 37 questions survey. Ethical approval was obtained from the Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. Using this instrument, the perceptions of the European dental students regarding the impact of COVID‐19 on their education and mental health were identified. The questions were divided into categories: standard demographic information; models of education during the COVID‐19 pandemic (types of teaching, examination and other educational activities) and support received. The survey was administered through electronic online tools, and all responses remained confidential. The data were processed through quantitative and qualitative analysis.ResultsA total of 879 student responses to the survey from 34 countries in the European Region were included in this study. When asked about the time spent on their education, 50% of the participants (n = 435) reported spending less time on their education and 30% (n = 265) reported spending more time. The types of teaching included showed a heterogeneous approach, varying from online simulations to problem solving for the didactic setting, or a hybrid model with group activities for the clinical setting. There were broad splits in satisfaction with the education delivered, with 44% (n = 382) being either satisfied or very satisfied and 31% (n = 279) being either unsatisfied or very unsatisfied. Students were most concerned with their clinical experience and skills.ConclusionsThe qualitative and quantitative data compiled in this cross‐sectional study enable a direct comparison between different approaches to adapt dental education during the COVID‐19 in the European Region. Future studies are recommended that will include compiling perceptions from the staff, faculty and administrators on the transition as well.
Chronotopes of urban centralities: Looking for prominent urban times and places
Authors: Lískovec Radim , Lichter Marek , Mulíček Ondřej 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to discuss an issue of urban centralities not only in spatial but also in temporal terms. We seek to overcome the traditional view of urban centralities as materialised places. We argue that prominence of place is closely tied to a certain time regime or rhythm and that some prominent times tend to be spatialised through certain urban places. We emphasise the hybrid spatiotemporal nature of urban centrality that emerges from the inseparable coupling of the spatial and temporal dimensions of urban everydayness. The paper seeks to introduce timing, synchronisation and rhythms as important constituents of the urban tissue. The methodology links together Lefebvre‐inspired rhythmanalysis and the concept of chronotope. A complex dataset that depicts the aggregated rhythms of people's presence in selected locales is employed to demonstrate multiplicity of prominent times present in the contemporary city. The chronotopes are narrated as recurrent situations in which specific urban locales and specific times are animated and linked together through the presence of interacting individuals. The elusive spatiotemporal centrality is reflected in the story of the chronotope, describing its rhythm, scale, pacemakers, and actors.
Contrasting genetic responses to habitat fragmentation for two Lycaenid butterfly species
Authors: Trense Daronja , Habel Jan Christian , Finger Aline , Fischer Klaus 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiodiversity is currently declining at the global scale. Apart from species declines and lowered abundances, the loss of genetic diversity is equally concerning as it may undermine fitness and the potential to adapt to future environmental change. We compared genetic diversity of historical and recent Alpine populations of two butterfly species, Lycaena helle and L. hippothoe, over a period of about 10 years. Using microsatellite markers, we found no changes over time in L. helle, while genetic diversity decreased, and differentiation increased in L. hippothoe. Lycaena helle inhabits peat bogs and wetland fallows with populations being strongly isolated, while L. hippothoe used to occur in population networks on hay meadows, with the latter being strongly exposed to agricultural intensification. We conclude that currently L. hippothoe populations are strongly declining due to changes in land use, resulting in genetic erosion potentially due to the collapse of population networks.
Storytelling as a tool: A family‐based intervention for newly resettled Syrian refugee children
Authors: Abi Zeid Daou Kim Roger , Abi Zeid Daou Léa Roger , Cousineau‐Pérusse Maxime 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe conflict in Syria has resulted in a humanitarian emergency and one of the largest refugee crises in history. The Canadian government has welcomed over 40,000 Syrian refugees. Stressors caused by instability, conflict, and the resettlement process put refugee children at high risk for mental health problems. Anxiety is a common problem experienced by refugee children. Thus, early intervention is crucial to promote their adequate adaptation and development. This study explores the impact and value of a culturally specific family‐based storybook intervention for newly resettled Syrian refugee children. Six refugee families participated. Anxiety symptoms were measured before and after the intervention, and families shared their experiences, thoughts, and feedback regarding the intervention. The results showed a significant decrease in children's anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, qualitative analyses demonstrated that the intervention was culturally relevant to Syrian refugee families and that it was effective in promoting children's overall well‐being, agency, and family connectedness.
Changes in active ageing in a Nordic regional context: Results based on the GERDA study in 2005 and 2016
Authors: Nyqvist Fredrica , Nygård Mikael , Snellman Fredrik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe study examined changes in active ageing among 65/66‐ and 75/76‐year‐olds in northern Sweden and western Finland. Data were retrieved from a repeated cross‐sectional survey conducted in 2005 and 2016. Logistic regression was used to estimate the probability of ageing actively in terms of employment, social and political participation, confidence in healthcare, economic situation, self‐rated health and social contacts. The results showed no significant changes in employment, social participation or economic situation. However, the level of political participation and self‐rated good health was significantly higher in 2016 compared with 2005, whereas confidence in healthcare and social contacts was lower. Considering that the implementation of active ageing policies relies heavily on municipal and/or regional level in our study region, our results could be used as a framework for regional policymaking.
Rabaptin5 acts as a key regulator for Rab7l1‐mediated phagosome maturation process
Authors: Shrivastava Rohini , Pradhan Gourango , Ghosh Sudip , Mukhopadhyay Sangita 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhagosome maturation is an important innate defence mechanism of macrophages against pathogen infections. Phagosome–lysosome (P‐L) fusion is a highly regulated process. Different RabGTPases are involved in P‐L fusion. Rab7l1 is shown to regulate P‐L fusion process. In this study, we demonstrate that Rabaptin5 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rab7l1. We reveal that Rabaptin5 interacts with Rab7l1‐GTP form and promotes its recruitment to phagosome. In the absence of Rabaptin5, localization of P‐L markers like EEA1, Rab7, LAMP1 and LAMP2 was found to be poorer. Thus, our data suggest that Rabaptin5 works upstream to Rab7l1 and triggers Rab7l1 activation for further recruitment of P‐L markers and downstream regulation of phagosomal maturation process.
Why metacognition matters more than ever before: Real lessons of 2020
Authors: Riney Robert 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs we study, this pivotal time in our history and the ongoing implications, one thing that has become abundantly clear is the incredible need for strong critical thinking skills across our population. Based on several years of prior research four metacognitive skills appear to be pivotal to deftly manage the coming years. These include the breadth of approach, information management, proactive thinking, and integrative strategy. This article provides insights and examples of the implications of these four skills.
Real‐world implications of high‐performance competencies and strategic management simulation technology
Authors: Cockerill Anthony Peter , Satish Usha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe construct and criterion‐related validity of 11 High‐Performance Competencies (H‐PC) are explored through data collected by three highly reliable methods: work shadowing, assessment centres, and Strategic Management Simulation Technology. A large international managerial sample indicates that some H‐PC are more highly developed than others. This suggests that managers may have a restricted capacity to co‐operatively address the multidimensional issues that loom large today. Strategic Management Simulation Technology is discussed as a way of developing a more balanced leadership capability profile and enhancing desirable real‐world outcomes.
The impact of connections between the CEO and top executives on appointment, turnover and firm value
Authors: Balsam Steven , Kwack So Yean 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe find that network connections with the CEO established outside the current firm positively impact the focal executive's career trajectory and job security, that is, are associated with increases in the likelihood of being appointed to the top management team and the board of directors, and reductions in the likelihood of turnover. We then show that there is a positive impact of these connections on firm value as measured by proxies for Tobin's Q. This latter finding contrasts with prior literature, that is, Fracassi and Tate (2012), which suggests connections between the CEO and directors reduce firm value. We believe our differential finding is driven by the distinct roles ascribed to directors and executives. That is, directors monitor CEOs, and consequently connections that are perceived to adversely impact their independence adversely impact the market value of the firm. In contrast, the executive team is expected to run the firm as a group. While the CEO is the leader of the group, she/he needs to work with the others in the group to run the firm efficiently. To the extent that connections within the group facilitate collaboration and communication, connections between the CEO and executives positively impact firm value.
LOXL1‐AS1 communicating with TIAR modulates vasculogenic mimicry in glioma via regulation of the miR‐374b‐5p/MMP14 axis
Authors: Yi Bolong , Li Hao , Cai Heng , Lou Xin , Yu Mingjun , Li Zhen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAt present, growing evidence indicates that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the progression of glioma. The function of LOXL1‐AS1 in vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in glioma remains unclear. First, the expressions of TIAR, the lncRNA LOXL1‐AS1, miR‐374b‐5p and MMP14 were examined by qRT‐PCR and Western blot in both, glioma tissues and glioma cell lines. Proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation assays were conducted to evaluate the roles of TIAR, LOXL1‐AS1, miR‐374b‐5p and MMP14 in malignant cellular behaviours in glioma cells. A nude mouse xenograft model and dual staining for CD34 and PAS were used to assess whether VM was affected by TIAR, LOXL1‐AS1 or miR‐374b‐5p in vivo. In this study, low levels of TIAR and high levels of LOXL1‐AS1 were found in glioma cells and tissues. TIAR downregulated the expression of LOXL1‐AS1 by destabilizing it. LOXL1‐AS1 acted like a miRNA sponge towards miR‐374b‐5p so that downregulation of the former greatly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and VM. Additionally, miR‐374b‐5p overexpression repressed malignant biological behaviours and VM in glioma by modifying MMP14. In summary, we demonstrated that TIAR combined with LOXL1‐AS1 modulates VM in glioma via the miR‐374b‐5p/MMP14 axis, revealing novel targets for glioma therapy.