bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation Patients With Recent Stroke Who Are Dependent on the Daily Help of Others
Authors: Meya Louisa , Polymeris Alexandros A. , Schaedelin Sabine , Schaub Fabian , Altersberger Valerian L. , Traenka Christopher , Thilemann Sebastian , Wagner Benjamin , Fladt Joachim , Hert Lisa , Yoshimura Sohei , Koga Masatoshi , Zietz Annaelle , Dittrich Tolga , Fisch Urs , Toyoda Kazunori , Seiffge David J. , Peters Nils , De Marchis Gian Marco , Gensicke Henrik , Bonati Leo H. , Lyrer Philippe A. , Engelter Stefan T. 
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose:
Data on the effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with stroke attributable to atrial fibrillation (AF) who were dependent on the daily help of others at hospital discharge are scarce.

Methods:
Based on prospectively obtained data from the observational Novel-Oral-Anticoagulants-in-Ischemic-Stroke-Patients-longterm registry from Basel, Switzerland, we compared the occurrence of the primary outcome—the composite of recurrent ischemic stroke, major bleeding, and all-cause death—among consecutive patients with AF-stroke treated with either VKAs or DOACs between patients dependent (defined as modified Rankin Scale score, 3–5) and patients independent at discharge. We used simple, adjusted, and weighted Cox proportional hazards regression to account for potential confounders.

Results:

We analyzed 801 patients (median age 80 years, 46% female), of whom 391 (49%) were dependent at discharge and 680 (85%) received DOACs. Over a total follow-up of 1216 patient-years, DOAC- compared to VKA-treated patients had a lower hazard for the composite outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 0.58 [95% CI, 0.42–0.81]), as did independent compared to dependent patients (HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.40–0.71]). There was no evidence that the effect of anticoagulant type (DOAC versus VKA) on the hazard for the composite outcome differed between dependent (HR
dependent
, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.45–1.01]) and independent patients (HR
independent
, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.26–0.75]) in the simple model (
P
interaction
=0.212). Adjusted (HR
dependent
, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.49–1.11] and HR
independent
, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.30–0.87];
P
interaction
=0.284) and weighted models (HR
dependent
, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.48–1.31] and HR
independent
, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.26–0.81];
P
interaction
=0.163) yielded concordant results. Secondary analyses focusing on the individual components of the composite outcome were consistent to the primary analyses.

Conclusions:
The benefits of DOACs in patients with atrial fibrillation with a recent stroke were maintained among patients who were dependent on the help of others at discharge.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03826927.
A Bayesian hurdle quantile regression model for citation analysis with mass points at lower values
Authors: Shahmandi Marzieh , Wilson Paul , Thelwall Mike 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Quantile regression presents a complete picture of the effects on the location, scale, and shape of the dependent variable at all points, not just the mean. We focus on two challenges for citation count analysis by quantile regression: discontinuity and substantial mass points at lower counts. A Bayesian hurdle quantile regression model for count data with a substantial mass point at zero was proposed by King and Song (2019). It uses quantile regression for modeling the nonzero data and logistic regression for modeling the probability of zeros versus nonzeros. We show that substantial mass points for low citation counts will almost certainly also affect parameter estimation in the quantile regression part of the model, similar to a mass point at zero. We update the King and Song model by shifting the hurdle point past the main mass points. This model delivers more accurate quantile regression for moderately to highly cited articles, especially at quantiles corresponding to values just beyond the mass points, and enables estimates of the extent to which factors influence the chances that an article will be low cited. To illustrate the potential of this method, it is applied to simulated citation counts and data from Scopus.
Seleukid Coins from the Collection of the State Historical Museum
Authors: Smirnov Svyatoslav V. , Zakharov Eugenii V. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present paper publishes the collection of Seleukid coins from the Numismatic Department of the State Historical Museum (Moscow). It contains 118 items of several Seleukid rulers ranging from Seleukos I to posthumous issues of Phillip I.
“A Man of Intrigue but of No Virtue”
Authors: Villani Stefano 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter reconstructs the life of Jean-Baptiste Stouppe (1623–1692), a Huguenot of Italian origin who in the 1650s moved to England and was employed by Oliver Cromwell in important diplomatic / espionage missions. Passing into the service of Louis XIV as a soldier, he published some pro-French propaganda works aimed at Protestants, including a famous description of Dutch religious life, published in 1673, notorious for its negative portrayal of Spinoza’s philosophy. While presenting himself as a defender of Protestant orthodoxy, Stouppe was in fact a libertine with magical-alchemical interests. An unscrupulous and ambiguous figure, his intellectual trajectory is clearly inserted in what has been defined as the crisis of the European conscience.
Written Proof Between Capitulations and Ottoman Kadi Courts in the Early Modern Period
Authors: van den Boogert Maurits H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The introduction of legal reforms in the sixteenth century that gave the Hanafi school its central place in the Ottoman legal system coincided with the arrival of new trade partners from the West, first France and later England and the Dutch Republic. The Ottoman authorities’ own emphasis on the primacy of written proof and the marginalization of oral testimony was also reflected in the privileges granted to these new arrivals from the West. Although many European ambassadors and consuls distrusted “Turkish justice”, the Ottoman legal system’s stability and predictability contributed considerably to creating favourable conditions of trade.
Milieudefensie et al. v. Shell: A Tipping Point in Climate Change Litigation against Corporations?
Authors: Hösli Andreas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The District Court of The Hague’s decision in the matter of Milieudefensie et al. v. Shell, issued in May 2021, is an unprecedented ruling, holding a fossil-fuel company accountable for its alleged contribution to climate change. The decision provides ample opportunity to discuss climate change litigation against corporations, and the legal responsibility of such actors in the climate context more broadly.
Rethinking the Historical Development of Caribbean Performance Culture from an Afro-Iberian Perspective
Authors: Dewulf Jeroen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article advocates for a new perspective on Caribbean performance traditions by adopting an Afro-Iberian perspective. It argues that we are able to acquire a better understanding of the historical development of some of the most enigmatic Caribbean performances, including Jankunu, by taking into consideration that many of those who built the foundations of Afro-Caribbean culture had already adopted cultural and religious elements rooted in Iberian traditions before their arrival in the Americas. A comparative analysis demonstrates a series of parallels between early witness accounts of Jankunu and Iberian calenda traditions. In order to explain this, the article points to Iberian dominance in the early-modern Atlantic and, in particular, Portuguese influences in Africa. It highlights the importance of confraternities and argues that it was in the context of African variants of these mutual-aid and burial societies that elements rooted in Iberian traditions entered Afro-Caribbean culture.
Variability and changes in Pearl River Delta water level: oceanic and atmospheric forcing perspectives
Authors: Feng Xiangbo , Zhang Wei , Zhu Zhenglei , Chevuturi Amulya , Chen Wenlong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding water level (WL) fluctuations in river deltas is of importance for managing water resources and minimizing the impacts of floods and droughts. Here, we demonstrate the competing effects of atmospheric and oceanic forcing on multi-timescale variability and changes in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) WLs in southern China, using 52 years (1961–2012) of in-situ observations at 13 hydrological stations. PRD WL presents significant seasonal to decadal variations, with large amplitudes upstream related to strong variability of southern China rainfall, and with relatively small amplitudes at the coastal stations determined by sea level (SL) fluctuations of the northern South China Sea. We find that the strengths of atmospheric and oceanic forcing in PRD are not mutually independent, leading to a distinct contrast of WL–forcing relationships at upstream and coastal stations. In the transition zone, because of counteracts of atmospheric and oceanic forcing, no robust relationships are identified between WL and either of the forcing. We further show that in the drought season of the warm ENSO and PDO epochs, the effect of atmospheric (oceanic) forcing on PRD WL is largely enhanced (weakened), due to increased southern China rainfall and negative SL anomalies. Over the observation period, WL significantly decreased at upstream stations, by up to 28–42 mm/year for flood season, contrasting with the upward trends of <4.3 mm/year at coastal stations across all seasons. Southern China rainfall explains little of the observed WL trends, whilst SL rise is mostly responsible for the WL trends at coastal stations.
The impact of deep learning–based equipment usage detection on building energy demand estimation
Authors: Wei Shuangyu , Tien Paige Wenbin , Wu Yupeng , Calautit John Kaiser 
Published: July 2021

As external temperatures and internal gains from equipment rise, office buildings’ cooling demand and issues are likely to increase. Solutions such as demand-driven controls can help minimise energy consumption and maintain thermal comfort in buildings by coordinating the real-time heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) use to the requirements of the conditioned spaces. The present study introduces a real-time equipment usage detection and recognition approach for demand-driven controls using a deep learning method. A Faster R-CNN model was trained and deployed to a camera. The performance of this model was assessed through different evaluation metrics. Based on the initial field experiment results, a detection accuracy of 76.21% was achieved. To investigate the impact of the proposed approach on building heating and cooling energy demand, the case study building was modelled and simulated. The results showed that the deep learning–based method predicted up to 35.95% lower internal heat gains compared to static or ‘fixed’ schedules based on the set conditions. Practical Application: As the appliances and equipment in building spaces contribute to the internal heat gains, their usage can influence the building energy demand and indoor thermal environment. Linking equipment usage with occupants’ presence in space may not be fully accurate and may lead to the over- or under-estimation of heat emissions, especially when the space is unoccupied, and the equipment is powered ON or the opposite. This approach can be integrated with demand-driven controls for HVAC systems, which can minimise unnecessary building energy consumption while maintaining a comfortable indoor environment using computer vision and deep learning detection and recognition methods.
Construct Validity of the EuroQoL–5 Dimension and the Health Utilities Index in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Noel Christopher W. , Keshavarzi Sareh , Forner David , Stephens Robert F. , Watson Erin , Monteiro Eric , Hosni Ali , Hansen Aaron , Goldstein David P. , de Almeida John R. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the construct validity of 2 health utility instruments—the EuroQoL–5 Dimension (EQ‐5D) and the Health Utilities Index–Mark 3 (HUI‐3)—and to compare them with disease‐specific measures in patients with head and neck cancer.Study DesignProspective cross‐sectional analysis.SettingPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre.MethodsPatients were administered the EQ‐5D, HUI‐3, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ‐C30) and its head and neck cancer module (EORTC QLQ‐H&N35), and the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UWQoL). Several a priori expected relations were examined. The correlative and discriminative properties of the various instruments were examined.ResultsA total of 209 patients completed the 4 questionnaires. A significant ceiling effect was observed among EQ‐5D responses (23% reported a maximum score of 1). The EQ‐5D (rho = 0.79) and HUI‐3 (rho = 0.60) had a strong correlation with the social‐emotional domain of the UWQoL. The EQ‐5D had a moderate correlation with the physical domain of the UWQoL (rho = 0.42), whereas the HUI‐3 had a weak correlation (rho = 0.29). The EQ‐5D and HUI‐3 were able to distinguish among levels of health severity measured on the EORTC QLQ‐C30 though not the QLQ‐H&N35. Comparatively, the UWQoL was able to distinguish levels of disease severity on the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and QLQ‐H&N35.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate that disease‐specific domains from head and neck quality‐of‐life instruments are not strongly correlated with the EQ‐5D and HUI‐3. Consideration should be put toward development of a disease‐specific preference‐based measure for health economic evaluation.Level of evidence4.
Phenotypic characterisation of paroxysmal dyskinesia in Sphynx cats
Authors: James Matthew , Garosi Laurent , Bessant Claire , Lowrie Mark 
Published: July 2021

Objectives The aim of this study was to identify the phenotypic features of a paroxysmal dyskinesia observed in Sphynx cats. Methods The owners of affected Sphynx cats were invited to provide video footage of abnormal episodes for review. Those that demonstrated episodes consistent with paroxysmal dyskinesia were then invited to complete an online questionnaire designed to allow further characterisation. Results Ten Sphynx cats were included in the study. All affected cats were <4 years of age at the onset of the episodes (range 0.5–4.0). The episodes had a duration of <5 mins in 9/10 cats (range 0.5–10), while episode frequency was variable between and within individual cats. The episodes were characterised by impaired ambulation due to muscle hypertonicity, most commonly affecting the hips and pelvic limbs (9/10) and shoulders and thoracic limbs (8/10). The head and neck (6/10), tail (5/10), and back and abdomen (3/10) were also involved in some cats. Sudden movement, excitement and stress were identified as possible triggers for the episodes in three cats. Therapeutic intervention was not attempted in 7/10 cases, although two cats were reported to become free of the episodes while receiving acetazolamide. The two cats that were followed beyond 2 years from onset entered spontaneous remission. None of the owners believed that the abnormal episodes had affected the quality of life of their cat. Conclusions and relevance The phenotype of paroxysmal dyskinesia in Sphynx cats presented in this study appears to share similarities with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia described in human classification systems. Some cats appear to achieve episode freedom spontaneously. Subsequent research should focus on evaluating response to treatment and determining an underlying genetic cause.
Long-term retinal changes in progressive geographic atrophy
Authors: Gallagher Denise , Kalra Gagan , Rasheed Mohammed Abdul , Vupparaboina Kiran Kumar , Singh Sumit Randhir , Chhablani Jay 
Published: July 2021

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness with loss of retinal layers over long term. We aim to evaluate these changes in eyes with progressive non-exudative AMD with geographic atrophy (GA). Methods: This retrospective study included patients with GA with a minimum of 4 years follow up. Retinal layers on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were segmented based on their reflectivity patterns using validated semi-automated segmentation algorithm. The thickness of the segmented retinal layers was measured. Horizontal length of GA at baseline and last follow-up were also measured. Regression analysis was performed to correlate changes in RPE layer thickness with other retinal layers and the length of GA on OCT. Results: A total of 351-line scans including 17 foveal scans showing presence of GA at final visit that is, a total of 2457 retinal layer bands were analyzed. Outer nuclear layer (ONL) ( p = 0.02), outer segment layers (OSL) ( p = 0.01), and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) ( p = 0.01) showed a statistically significant variation between baseline and final visit. Regression analysis showed the change in ONL ( r = 0.72; p = 0.01) and OSL ( r = 0.93, p < 0.01) correlated significantly with change in RPE thickness whereas rest of the layers failed to show significant correlation. Conclusion: Outer retinal layers (ONL and OSL) show more significant and widespread changes in retinal thickness and correlated most significantly with RPE thickness changes in eyes with GA due to AMD. Assessment of various retinal layer bands can be used as surrogate quantitative parameters to study eyes with GA.
Health outcomes in young adulthood among former child refugees in Denmark, Norway and Sweden: A cross-country comparative study
Authors: Dunlavy Andrea , Gauffin Karl , Berg Lisa , De Montgomery Christopher Jamil , Europa Ryan , Eide Ketil , Ascher Henry , Hjern Anders 
Published: July 2021

Aims: This study aimed at comparing several health outcomes in young adulthood among child refugees who settled in the different immigration and integration policy contexts of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Methods: The study population included refugees born between 1972 and 1997 who immigrated before the age of 18 and settled in the three Nordic countries during 1986–2005. This population was followed up in national registers during 2006–2015 at ages 18–43 years and was compared with native-born majority populations in the same birth cohorts using sex-stratified and age-adjusted regression analyses. Results: Refugee men in Denmark stood out with a consistent pattern of higher risks for mortality, disability/illness pension, psychiatric care and substance misuse relative to native-born majority Danish men, with risk estimates being higher than comparable estimates observed among refugee men in Norway and Sweden. Refugee men in Sweden and Norway also demonstrated increased risks relative to native-born majority population men for inpatient psychiatric care, and in Sweden also for disability/illness pension. With the exception of increased risk for psychotic disorders, outcomes among refugee women were largely similar to or better than those of native-born majority women in all countries. Conclusions: The observed cross-country differences in health indicators among refugees, and the poorer health outcomes of refugee men in Denmark in particular, may be understood in terms of marked differences in Nordic integration policies. However, female refugees in all three countries had better relative health outcomes than refugee men did, suggesting possible sex differentials that warrant further investigation.
Ameliorative effect of allicin on vascular calcification via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Wang Qin , Lin Ping , Feng Li , Ren Qian , Xie Xiaofeng , Zhang Bin 
Published: July 2021

Objectives Vascular calcification (VC) is an independent predictor for cardiovascular events and mortality. However, there are currently no effective methods to reverse or prevent it. The present study aimed to determine the ameliorative effect of allicin on VC. Methods VC model of rats was induced by high-dose vitamin D3, which was valued by Alizarin Red staining, calcium contents, and alkaline phosphatase in the aorta. Systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and pulse wave velocity were measured to determine aortic stiffness. Protein levels were detected by Western blot. Results Allicin treatment rescued aortic VC and stiffness. The increased protein levels of RUNX2 and BMP2, two markers of osteoblastic phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells, in the calcified aorta were attenuated by allicin, whereas the decreased levels of calponin and SM22α induced by calcification were improved. Allicin treatment significantly attenuated the increased protein levels of GRP78, GRP94, and CHOP, which are key markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress, in the calcified aorta. The activation of PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 cascades was also prevented by allicin. Conclusions Allicin could ameliorate aortic VC and stiffness. The ameliorative effect of allicin on VC might be mediated by inhibiting PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 cascades. Our results might provide a new proof for VC treatment.
Comparative chloroplast genome analysis of Impatiens species (Balsaminaceae) in the karst area of China: insights into genome evolution and phylogenomic implications
Authors: Luo Chao , Huang Wulue , Sun Huayu , Yer Huseyin , Li Xinyi , Li Yang , Yan Bo , Wang Qiong , Wen Yonghui , Huang Meijuan , Huang Haiquan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Impatiens L. is a genus of complex taxonomy that belongs to the family Balsaminaceae (Ericales) and contains approximately 1000 species. The genus is well known for its economic, medicinal, ornamental, and horticultural value. However, knowledge about its germplasm identification, molecular phylogeny, and chloroplast genomics is limited, and taxonomic uncertainties still exist due to overlapping morphological features and insufficient genomic resources.

Results
We sequenced the chloroplast genomes of six different species (Impatiens chlorosepala, Impatiens fanjingshanica, Impatiens guizhouensis, Impatiens linearisepala, Impatiens loulanensis, and Impatiens stenosepala) in the karst area of China and compared them with those of six previously published Balsaminaceae species. We contrasted genomic features and repeat sequences, assessed sequence divergence and constructed phylogenetic relationships. Except for those of I. alpicola, I. pritzelii and I. glandulifera, the complete chloroplast genomes ranging in size from 151,366 bp (I. alpicola) to 154,189 bp (Hydrocera triflora) encoded 115 distinct genes [81 protein-coding, 30 transfer RNA (tRNA), and 4 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes]. Moreover, the characteristics of the long repeat sequences and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were determined. psbK-psbI, trnT-GGU-psbD, rpl36-rps8, rpoB-trnC-GCA, trnK-UUU-rps16, trnQ-UUG, trnP-UGG-psaJ, trnT-UGU-trnL-UAA, and ycf4-cemA were identified as divergence hotspot regions and thus might be suitable for species identification and phylogenetic studies. Additionally, the phylogenetic relationships based on Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) of the whole chloroplast genomes showed that the chloroplast genome structure of I. guizhouensis represents the ancestral state of the Balsaminaceae family.

Conclusion
Our study provided detailed information about nucleotide diversity hotspots and the types of repeats, which can be used to develop molecular markers applicable to Balsaminaceae species. We also reconstructed and analyzed the relationships of some Impatiens species and assessed their taxonomic statuses based on the complete chloroplast genomes. Together, the findings of the current study might provide valuable genomic resources for systematic evolution of the Balsaminaceae species.