bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Merensky Reef of the Bushveld Igneous Complex
Authors: Cousins C. A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Merensky Reef of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, a regular layer of pyroxenite, mineralized by the sulfides of nickel, iron and copper, together with thin bands or concentrations of chromite, contains by far the greatest known ore-reserve of platinoids in the world.
The Reef occupies a specific position, within a regularly layered sequence of anorthositic, gabbroidal and pyroxenitic rocks. The Mafic Zone of the Bushveld, in which it is found, can be divided into readily recognizable sub-zones, with definite markers, and has an almost identical succession in both East and West Belts.
The reef contains the platinoid metals, principally as sulfides, but also as ferroplatinum, together with arsenides, tellurides, bismuthides, antimonides and possibly stannides and selenides.
The reef has been followed over a total distance of 155 miles and to vertical depths of greater than 6,000 feet. All evidence suggests that the Merensky Reef is the basal portion of a relatively thin unit-heave of magma with a clear pattern of magmatic differentiation. The heavy minerals appear to be primarily precipitated by gravity from solution in the magma. The Merensky unit appears to be one of many heaves that built up the Mafic Zone.
The amazing regularity of the reef and its associated rocks is in places disturbed by depressions and domes, mostly small but a few are large. Alteration pegmatites associated with these structures and evidence indicating the rocks were solid when they were formed, suggest a probable mode of genesis.
The Sulfide Ores of Sudbury
Authors: Souch B. E. , Podolsky T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A study of the gross aspects of the Sudbury ore deposits supplemented by certain observations concerning the structure, geochronology and petrology of the nickel irruptive has revealed intimate linkages relating the many ore types to each other and to the irruptive. The ores are the sulfide-rich portions of a discontinuous noritic "sub-layer" at the base of the irruptive, seemingly introduced as an inclusion, and sulfur-rich silicate magma. Ore mineral ratios vary unpredictably from mine to mine, but in any given ore body show a predictable zoning trend toward the footwall. No zoning related to depth alone has been recognized. Isotopic dating suggests that although the norite and sub-layer may be contemporaneous they may be older than the micropegmatite. Modal analyses of samples from traverses across the norite into the micropegmatite show both gradual and abrupt variations, and are the basis for further subdivision of the norite member. Nickel, copper, and sulfur contents in the norite member increase slightly toward its base but are an order of magnitude less than in average sub-layer rock. Displacements on two major fault systems have exposed the basal part of the irruptive including the sub-layer to borehole and surface examination over a pre-faulting vertical range that may exceed 5½ miles.
Polish Women’s Sexualized War Experience: The Dangerous Intersection of Ethnicity and Sexuality in World War II Immigrant and Exile Fiction
Authors: Kozaczka Grażyna J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article analyzes the representation of sexual assault perpetrated on Polish women in World War II fiction written by immigrant or ethnic writers. A close reading of five novels, Ruta Sepetys’s Salt to the Sea (2016), Janina Surynowa-Wyczółkowska’s Teresa, Dziecko Nieudane (1961), Eva Mekler’s Sunrise Shows Late (1997), W. S. Kuniczak’s The Thousand Hour Day (1966), and Romain Gary’s A European Education (1960), suggests that writers deploy one of two narrative schemas in the construction of wartime rape, and in each case the storyline pattern significantly influences the function rape scenes perform within the novel. In the plots favoring a third-person point of view, rape scenes, usually just brief episodes, establish homosocial relationships among men while little attention is paid to the victims. On the other hand, in first-person narratives, the accounts of sexual assault may become the driving force of the entire plot.
Predictors of mortality for patients admitted to the intensive care unit with obstructing septic stones
Authors: Mann Uday , Jain Kunal , Wong Rachel , Li Zack , Eng Amanda , Blachman-Braun Ruben , Patel Premal 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Patients diagnosed with septic stone are at significant risk of morbidity and mortality should source control through drainage be delayed, and they are often admitted to intensive care units (ICU) for hemodynamic support. The purpose of this study was to determine patient factors that may predict mortality in patients admitted to ICU with septic stone, particularly whether rural patients at a greater distance from a tertiary care center were at greater risk of mortality given the inherent delay in intervention.
Methods: The Manitoba Intensive Care Unit prospective registry began in 1999 and includes all patients admitted to ICU across Manitoba. Baseline characteristics, such as age, gender, vital signs, creatinine, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), mortality outcomes, and location of residency were obtained for those admitted to ICU for septic stone. Association between death and clinical/demographic variable was performed with adjusted multivariable logistical regression analysis.
Results: A total of 342 patients admitted to the ICU were analyzed with a mean age of 63.5±15.5 years. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups (p>0.05). On multivariable adjusted logistical regression, the presence of acute kidney injury (AKI) (p<0.001) and intubation (p<0.001) were associated with mortality. There was no difference in mortality attributable to location of residency, vital signs, or CCI.
Conclusions: Among patients admitted to the ICU for septic stones in Manitoba, we demonstrate an association between AKI and intubation with mortality. Other factors, such as whether patients were from a rural region and baseline patient characteristics, were not predictive of mortality.
A indústria têxtil no BRASIL: uma análise da importância da competitividade frente ao contexto mundial
Authors: Cavalcanti André Marques , Dos Santos Gilson Ferreira 
Published: May 2021

O Brasil é a 5ª maior indústria têxtil e o 4º no segmento de vestuário no mundo. No entanto, a sua participação no mercado têxtil mundial, é de apenas 0,3% em volume de negócios observando-se um baixo ganho da capacidade competitiva. Considerando a sua importância para a economia do Brasil este artigo busca analisar a competitividade da cadeia têxtil brasileira considerando os atributos da inovação, construção e promoção de marcas, flexibilidade, produção com padrão de alta qualidade. Nesse contexto, realizam-se análises do atributo inovação a partir de prospecção em bases patentarias mundiais, posicionamento das marcas brasileiras e iniciativas de aumento da produção de insumos como a matéria prima e equipamentos com vistas a identificar a posição competitiva da indústria têxtil brasileira, determinar os principais players em equipamentos, exportações e em desenvolvimento tecnológico do setor têxtil. Dessa forma, estabelece-se quais vantagens competitivas da indústria brasileira que devem ser desenvolvidas com base neste cenário.
Field Feasibility and Acceptability Testing of Action-Based Psychosocial Reconciliation Approach in a Post-Genocide Rural Community in Rwanda
Authors: Minami Masahiro 
Published: May 2021

Background: Interpersonal/psychosocial reconciliation is highly prioritized in post-Genocide Rwanda. Despite the need, empirically sound strategies have been extremely scarce. The proposed study is a segment of a broader services-research effort to develop, evaluate, and implement a novel and empirically supported interpersonal/psychosocial reconciliation approach termed Action-Based Psychosocial Reconciliation Approach (ABPRA), that is authentically founded on Rwandan people’s lived experiences of reconciliation.
Methods/Design: The proposed study consists of two major steps. The purpose of step 1 is to develop and empirically validate a set of outcome measures, termed the psychosocial reconciliation impact scales module (PRISM) to assess beneficial impacts native to ABPRA. We will employ hermeneutic phenomenological analysis (van Manen, 2016) of pilot interview data to generate item pool. The purpose of step 2 is to field-test the delivery of ABPRA in Rwanda to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, exploring and illuminating potential procedural uncertainties in conducting a larger-scale evaluation of ABPRA. We will follow the guidance on pilot study by Thabane et al. (2010).
Discussion: The study is an essential step to advance the project to a full-scale experimental evaluation of ABPRA. The project holds the possibility of making available and accessible, an empirically supported and meaningful approach to conflict resolution, genocide/war prevention and peacebuilding in Rwanda and other war/conflict-affected regions around the globe.
Studying Resilient Action Strategies of First Line Managers
Authors: Karltun Johan , Karltun Anette , Havemose Karin , Karlsson Magnus , Kjellström Sofia 
Published: May 2021

Background: One important key to an organization’s long-term competitiveness is the ability of first line managers (FLMs) to handle their role as a leader in daily work. FLMs main task is to contribute to a high and stable production output according to customer demands from an input that is characterized by instability and variability. To do so, FLMs must develop resilient action strategies – ways of working and daily problem solving that systematically facilitate to cope with instability. In this study protocol we present a methodological approach developed to evaluate and improve these.
Methods/Design: The research approach is collaborative and developmental and performed together with two companies. The approach integrates and extends the theory and application of a model on interactive research and a framework on activity analysis. It will be applied using data collection techniques like interviews, diaries, observations, document analysis, and questionnaires. The analysis and development stages will be performed both separate and in collaboration in workshops and the result is planned to end up in the joint writing of a generic handbook on advantageous action strategies for FLMs’.
Discussion: This study contributes with a new integration of two methodological approaches which provides a novel way to understand and develop dynamic on-the-job behaviour in work settings.
Direct Observation of Reductive Coupling Mechanism between Oxygen and Iron/Nickel in Cobalt‐Free Li‐Rich Cathode Material: An in Operando X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Dixon Ditty , Mangold Stefan , Knapp Michael , Ehrenberg Helmut , Bhaskar Aiswarya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLi‐rich cathodes possess high capacity and are promising candidates in next‐generation high‐energy density Li‐ion batteries. This high capacity is partly attributed to its poorly understood oxygen‐redox activity. The present Li‐rich cathodes contain expensive and environmentally‐incompatible cobalt as a main transition metal. In this work, cobalt‐free, iron‐containing Li‐rich cathode material (nominal composition Li1.2Mn0.56Ni0.16Fe0.08O2) is synthesized, which exhibits excellent discharge capacity (≈250 mAh g−1) and cycling stability. In operando, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy at Mn, Fe, and Ni K edges reveals its electrochemical mechanism. X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) features of Fe and Ni K edges show unusual behavior: when an electrode is charged to 4.5 V, Fe and Ni K edges’ XANES features shift to higher energies, evidence for Fe3+→Fe4+ and Ni2+→Ni4+ oxidation. However, when charged above 4.5 V, XANES features of Fe and Ni K edges shift back to lower energies, indicating Fe4+→Fe3+ and Ni4+→Ni3+ reduction. This behavior can be linked to a reductive coupling mechanism between oxygen and Fe/Ni. Though this mechanism is observed in Fe‐containing Li‐rich materials, the only electrochemically active metal in such cases is Fe. Li1.2Mn0.56Ni0.16Fe0.08O2 has multiple electrochemically active metal ions; Fe and Ni, which are investigated simultaneously and the obtained results will assist tailoring of cost‐effective Li‐rich materials.
Spatial‐temporal evaluation of different reference evapotranspiration methods based on the climate forecast system reanalysis data
Authors: Woldesenbet Tekalegn Ayele , Elagib Nadir Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEvapotranspiration is a major component of the interaction between land‐surface processes and the atmosphere. Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data offer a promising database for overcoming the limitations in availability and reliability of climatological data and, hence, for understanding the evapotranspiration process. Using these data on grid‐by‐grid daily, seasonal and yearly scales, the present study attempts to advance the spatio‐temporal evaluation of two radiation‐based and three temperature‐based methods for estimating potential evapotranspiration (PET) against estimates of grass reference evapotranspiration (ETo) by FAO Penman–Monteith method (FAO‐PM). The analysis was performed for the period 1979–2013, considering the second largest (79 000 km2) river system in Ethiopia, that is, Omo‐Gibe basin, which accommodates national parks and vast hydropower, cultivation and afforestation developments and discharges its flow to Lake Turkana in Kenya. Despite the large regional variations in climate and elevation, the results in overall emphasize the outperformance of the simple temperature method, viz. Hargreaves–Samani method, in capturing both the annual and seasonal FAO‐PM estimates. Calibration of the Hargreaves–Samani equation is, however, a requisite for spectacular improvement of its performance. Accordingly, new coefficients of the equation are proposed. The annual trends in the basin's ETo increased with rising temperature and decreasing relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation, but with decreasing (increasing) rainfall in the upper region (the middle and lower regions). It is deduced that trends in simple methods do not necessarily reflect the true trends in ETo. Annual ETo decreases with increasing elevation and annual rainfall. The present findings are discussed in the context of a worldwide literature, thereby improving the understanding of the best performing PET methods in similar data‐scarce national or transboundary rivers basin in Ethiopia, the region or worldwide. The wider implications regarding water loss from reservoirs and the rain‐fed food and sugar production in the basin under study are also highlighted.
A novel and recurrent KLHL40 pathogenic variants in a Chinese family of multiple affected neonates with nemaline myopathy 8
Authors: Yi Sheng , Zhang Yue , Qin Zailong , Yi Shang , Zheng Haiyang , Luo Jingsi , Li Qifei , Wang Jin , Yang Qi , Li Mengting , Chen Fei , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Qinle , Shen Yiping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundNemaline myopathy 8 is a severe autosomal recessive muscle disorder characterized by fetal akinesia or hypokinesia, contractures, fractures, respiratory failure and swallowing difficulties apparent at birth.MethodsAn affected dizygotic twin pair from a non‐consanguineous Chinese family presented with severe asphyxia, lethargy and no response to stimuli. The dysmorphic features included prominent nasal bridge, telecanthus, excessive hip abduction, limb edema, absent palmar and sole creases, acromelia, bilateral clubfoot, appendicular hypertonia and cryptorchidism. Both infants died in the first week of life. Whole‐exome sequencing was used to identify the causative gene.ResultsWhole‐exome sequencing identified a recurrent missense variant c.1516A>C and a novel splice‐acceptor variant c.1153‐1G>C in KLHL40 gene in both siblings. We estimated the disease incidence in Southern Chinese population to be 2.47/100,000 based on the cumulative allele frequency of pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in our internal database.ConclusionOur study expanded the mutation spectrum of KLHL40 and the condition could have been underdiagnosed before. We identified a recurrent missense variant c.1516A>C and provided evidence further supporting the founder effect of this variant in Southern Chinese population. Given the severity of the condition and the relative high incidence, this not‐so‐rare disorder should be included in expanded carrier screening panel for Chinese population.
Geometrical nonlinear problems of truss beam by base force element method
Authors: Peng Yijiang , Li Zhonghai , Kamel Mahmoud M. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe base force element method (BFEM), formulated according the principle of complementary energy, is a new finite element method (FEM) that deals with nonlinear problems. Using the BFEM, the linear elastic model and large elastic deformation model of the plane truss element are derived, and the large elastic deformation model is expanded into a three‐dimensional setting in this study. The rotating part of the element should be considered when deriving the large elastic deformation model. Accordingly, it is necessary to determine whether base force can be used as a fundamental unknown variable. Nonlinear numerical calculation is performed in combination with large elastic deformations of the truss beam and frame. The calculated results conform with the theoretical results of a solid beam with equivalent deflection. In this study, the U.L and T.L formats are used to solve the governing equations iteratively. The calculated results in the T.L format are compared with those of the T2D2 and LINK1 elements in the finite element software. Only a single loading of the T.L format is necessary, rendering it a simple and convenient approach that can improve calculation efficiency. Moreover, the arc‐length method is first applied to the BFEM to solve the snap‐through problem.
A Capacitorless and Low‐Optical‐Flicker AC Direct LED Driving IC and System Applied to Street Lighting
Authors: Sun Longtian , Han Yan 
Published: May 2021

This study presents a novel alternating current (AC) direct light emitting diode (LED) driving integrated circuit (IC) and system applied to street lighting. In the proposed driving IC, the level shifter circuit is specially designed to enable it to be directly powered by the 380 V 50 Hz three‐phase AC, so that the characteristics of the three‐phase AC can be utilized to reduce the harmful optical flicker and increase the output power of the driving system. And a new power factor correction circuit is proposed to improve the power factor of the driving IC. In addition, the power compensation circuit with negative feedback is designed to stabilize the average output power when the voltage of the power grid fluctuates. The driving IC and system are fabricated with a 1 μm 700 V Bipolar‐CMOS‐DMOS process. The driving system does not need electrolytic capacitors, achieves 72 W output power and an up to 0.993 PF with only 12.7% percent flicker at the 380 V 50 Hz three‐phase AC input, while the frequency of the output power is improved to 300 Hz, and the average output power varies only from −2.3% to 0.7% with the help of the power compensation circuit. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Analytical solution of the bending problem of free orthotropic rectangular thin plate on two‐parameter elastic foundation
Authors: Bai Eburilitu , Zhang Chunling , Chen Alatancang , Su Xin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe bending problem of free orthotropic rectangular thin plate (RTP) on two‐parameter elastic foundation under a concentrated load is studied by the symplectic superposition method. Firstly, the original bending problem is decomposed into three subproblems by analyzing load effects and boundary conditions, each of which is the bending problem of the plate with two opposite edges slidingly supported. In order to solve the three sub‐problems based on the separation of variables method in Hamiltonian system, the Hamiltonian system for the orthotropic RTP with two opposite edges slidingly supported is studied, and then the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian operator are obtained by combining the separation of variables and symbolic computation. Secondly, according to the symplectic orthogonality and the completeness of the eigenfunctions, the general solution of the Hamiltonian system with the two opposite edges slidingly supported is obtained. Furthermore, the solutions in the form of series of the three subproblems are obtained respectively. Finally, the symplectic superposition solution of the original bending problem is obtained by superposing the solutions of the three subproblems and the correctness of the symplectic superposition solution is verified by two numerical examples.
Stepwise dehydration of Cd-exchanged levyne: thermal stability and structural modifications
Authors: Cametti Georgia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractZeolites show remarkable properties that can be tuned through cation exchange of their original extraframework content. In this respect, the response of the modified zeolite to the heating stimuli, in terms of structural modifications and thermal stability, can drastically change and is, therefore, an important factor to consider. In this study, the dehydration mechanism of a natural levyne previously exchanged with Cd2+ has been monitored in situ by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The initial dehydration trend between 50 and 175 °C is similar to that observed for the pristine material, levyne-Ca. The water loss is accompanied by extraframework cation migration within the zeolitic cavities and the unit-cell volume slightly contracts from 3503.8(1) to 3467.8(6) Å3. From 200 to 250 °C, a pronounced drop of the unit-cell volume (− 7%) is observed. The dehydrated structure at 250 °C corresponds to levyne B topology of natural levyne, characterized by the statistical rupture of the T–O–T bonds of the double six-ring membered cage. However, in contrast to levyne-Ca, the fraction of broken connections reached 50% instead of 37%, and no additional structural modifications were detected up to 350 °C. At 400 °C, diffraction data pointed to the onset of the structural collapse. At this temperature, the measured unit-cell volume was 8% smaller compared to that of the RT structure. The corresponding contracted structure did not rehydrate after exposure to humid conditions for 21 days.