Impact of postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery on 1-year survival and renal outcomes: a national multicentre cohort study
Authors:   STARSurg Collaborative, McLean Kenneth A , Kamarajah Sivesh K , Mills Emily , Glasbey James C , Nepogodiev Dmitri , Glasbey James C , Borakati Aditya , Burke Joshua , Drake Thomas M , Kamarajah Sivesh K , McLean Kenneth A , Bath Michael F , Claireaux Henry A , Gundogan Buket , Mohan Midhun , Deekonda Praveena , Kong Chia , Joyce Holly , Mcnamee Lisa , Woin Evelina , Khatri Chetan , Edward Fitzgerald J , Harrison Ewen M , Bhangu Aneel , Nepogodiev Dmitri , Arulkumaran Nishkantha , Bell Samira , Duthie Fiona , Hughes Jeremy , Pinkney Thomas D , Prowle John , Richards Toby , Thomas Mark , Dynes K , Patel M , Patel P , Wigley C , Suresh R , Shaw A , Klimach S , Jull P , Evans D , Preece R , Ibrahim I , Manikavasagar V , Smith R , Brown F S , Deekonda P , Teo R , Sim D P Y , Borakati A , Logan A E , Barai I , Amin H , Suresh S , Sethi R , Gul W , Bolton W , Corbridge O , Horne L , Attalla M , Morley R , Robinson C , Hoskins T , McAllister R , Lee S , Dennis Y , Nixon G , Heywood E , Wilson H , Ng L , Samaraweera S , Mills A , Doherty C , Woin E , Belchos J , Phan V , Arnold M , Sheik-Ali S , Suresh R , Cordaro A , Mills E , Lorch N , Thomas D , Ibrahim B , Chee S , Ngan T , Pronin S , Thakral N , Yeoh T , Wilson J , Goodson R , Molloy P , Akhbari M , Gul W , Helliwell R , Rees S , Al-Attar M , Griffiths N , Mayes J , Thomas P , George S , Thind A , Kerr M , Shafiq F , Yasin I , Gallagher M , Sewart E , Chouari T , Gardner T , Goergen N , Hayes J D B , MacLeod C S , McCormack R , McKinley A , McKinstry S , Milligan W , Ooi L , Rafiq N M , Sammut T , Sinclair E , Smith M , Baker C , Boulton A P R , Collins J , Copley H C , Fearnhead N , Fox H , Mah T , McKenna J , Naruka V , Nigam N , Nourallah B , Perera S , Qureshi A , Saggar S , Sun L , Wang X , Yang D D , Caroll P , Doyle C , Elangovan S , Falamarzi A , Gascon Perai K , Greenan E , Jain D , Lang-Orsini M , Lim S , O'Byrne L , Ridgway P , Van der Laan S , Wong J , Arthur J , Barclay J , Bradley P , Edwin C , Finch E , Hayashi E , Hopkins M , Kelly D , Kelly M , McCartan N , Ormrod A , Pakenham A , Hayward J , Hitchen C , Kishore A , Martins T , Philomen J , Rao R , Rickards C , Burns N , Copeland M , Durand C , Dyal A , Ghaffar A , Gidwani A , Grant M , Gribbon C , Gruhn A , Leer M , Ahmad K , Beattie G , Beatty M , Campbell G , Donaldson G , Graham S , Holmes D , Kanabar S , Liu H , McCann C , Stewart R , Vara S , Ajibola-Taylor O , Andah E J E , Ani C , Cabdi N M O , Ito G , Jones M , Komoriyama A , Patel P , Titu L , Basra M , Gallogly P , Harinath G , Leong S H , Pradhan A , Siddiqui I , Zaat S , Ali A , Galea M , Looi W L , Ng J C K , Atkin G , Azizi A , Cargill Z , China Z , Elliot J , Jebakumar R , Lam J , Mudalige G , Onyerindu C , Renju M , Shankar Babu V , Hussain M , Joji N , Lovett B , Mownah H , Ali B , Cresswell B , Dhillon A K , Dupaguntla Y S , Hungwe C , Lowe-Zinola J D , Tsang J C H , Bevan K , Cardus C , Duggal A , Hossain S , McHugh M , Scott M , Chan F , Evans R , Gurung E , Haughey B , Jacob-Ramsdale B , Kerr M , Lee J , McCann E , O'Boyle K , Reid N , Hayat F , Hodgson S , Johnston R , Jones W , Khan M , Linn T , Long S , Seetharam P , Shaman S , Smart B , Anilkumar A , Davies J , Griffith J , Hughes B , Islam Y , Kidanu D , Mushaini N , Qamar I , Robinson H , Schramm M , Tan C Yan , Apperley H , Billyard C , Blazeby J M , Cannon S P , Carse S , Göpfert A , Loizidou A , Parkin J , Sanders E , Sharma S , Slade G , Telfer R , Whybrow Huppatz I , Worley E , Chandramoorthy L , Friend C , Harris L , Jain P , Karim M J , Killington K , McGillicuddy J , Rafferty C , Rahunathan N , Rayne T , Varathan Y , Verma N , Zanichelli D , Arneill M , Brown F , Campbell B , Crozier L , Henry J , McCusker C , Prabakaran P , Wilson R , Asif U , Connor M , Dindyal S , Math N , Pagarkar A , Saleem H , Seth I , Sharma S , Standfield N , Swartbol T , Adamson R , Choi J E , El Tokhy O , Ho W , Javaid N R , Kelly M , Mehdi A S , Menon D , Plumptre I , Sturrock S , Turner J , Warren O , Crane E , Ferris B , Gadsby C , Smallwood J , Vipond M , Wilson V , Amarnath T , Doshi A , Gregory C , Kandiah K , Powell B , Spoor H , Toh C , Vizor R , Common M , Dunleavy K , Harris S , Luo C , Mesbah Z , Prem Kumar A , Redmond A , Skulsky S , Walsh T , Daly D , Deery L , Epanomeritakis E , Harty M , Kane D , Khan K , Mackey R , McConville J , McGinnity K , Nixon G , Ang A , Kee J Y , Leung E , Norman S , Palaniappan S V , Partha Sarathy P , Yeoh T , Frost J , Hazeldine P , Jones L , Karbowiak M , Macdonald C , Mutarambirwa A , Omotade A , Runkel M , Ryan G , Sawers N , Searle C , Suresh S , Vig S , Ahmad A , McGartland R , Sim R , Song A , Wayman J , Brown R , Chang L H , Concannon K , Crilly C , Arnold T J , Burgin A , Cadden F , Choy C H , Coleman M , Lim D , Luk J , Mahankali-Rao P , Prudence-Taylor A J , Ramakrishnan D , Russell J , Fawole A , Gohil J , Green B , Hussain A , McMenamin L , McMenamin L , Tang M , Azmi F , Benchetrit S , Cope T , Haque A , Harlinska A , Holdsworth R , Ivo T , Martin J , Nisar T , Patel A , Sasapu K , Trevett J , Vernet G , Aamir A , Bird C , Durham-Hall A , Gibson W , Hartley J , May N , Maynard V , Johnson S , McDonald Wood C , O'Brien M , Orbell J , Stringfellow T D , Tenters F , Tresidder S , Cheung W , Grant A , Tod N , Bews-Hair M , Lim Z H , Lim S W , Vella-Baldacchino M , Auckburally S , Chopada A , Easdon S , Goodson R , McCurdie F , Narouz M , Radford A , Rea E , Taylor O , Yu T , Alfa-Wali M , Amani L , Auluck I , Bruce P , Emberton J , Kumar R , Lagzouli N , Mehta A , Murtaza A , Raja M , Dennahy I S , Frew K , Given A , He Y Y , Karim M A , MacDonald E , McDonald E , McVinnie D , Ng S K , Pettit A , Sim D P Y , Berthaume-Hawkins S D , Charnley R , Fenton K , Jones D , Murphy C , Ng J Q , Reehal R , Robinson H , Seraj S S , Shang E , Tonks A , White P , Yeo A , Chong P , Gabriel R , Patel N , Richardson E , Symons L , Aubrey-Jones D , Dawood S , Dobrzynska M , Faulkner S , Griffiths H , Mahmood F , Patel P , Perry M , Power A , Simpson R , Ali A , Brobbey P , Burrows A , Elder P , Ganyani R , Horseman C , Hurst P , Mann H , Marimuthu K , McBride S , Pilsworth E , Powers N , Stanier P , Innes R , Kersey T , Kopczynska M , Langasco N , Patel N , Rajagopal R , Atkins B , Beasley W , Cheng Lim Z , Gill A , Ang H Li , Williams H , Yogeswara T , Carter R , Fam M , Fong J , Latter J , Long M , Mackinnon S , McKenzie C , Osmanska J , Raghuvir V , Shafi A , Tsang K , Walker L , Bountra K , Coldicutt O , Fletcher D , Hudson S , Iqbal S , Lopez Bernal T , Martin J W B , Moss-Lawton F , Smallwood J , Vipond M , Cardwell A , Edgerton K , Laws J , Rai A , Robinson K , Waite K , Ward J , Youssef H , Knight C , Koo P Y , Lazarou A , Stanger S , Thorn C , Triniman M C , Botha A , Boyles L , Cumming S , Deepak S , Ezzat A , Fowler A J , Gwozdz A M , Hussain S F , Khan S , Li H , Morrell B Lu , Neville J , Nitiahpapand R , Pickering O , Sagoo H , Sharma E , Welsh K , Denley S , Khan S , Agarwal M , Al-Saadi N , Bhambra R , Gupta A , Jawad Z A R , Jiao L R , Khan K , Mahir G , Singagireson S , Thoms B L , Tseu B , Wei R , Yang N , Britton N , Leinhardt D , Mahfooz M , Palkhi A , Price M , Sheikh S , Barker M , Bowley D , Cant M , Datta U , Farooqi M , Lee A , Morley G , Naushad Amin M , Parry A , Patel S , Strang S , Yoganayagam N , Adlan A , Chandramoorthy S , Choudhary Y , Das K , Feldman M , France B , Grace R , Puddy H , Soor P , Ali M , Dhillon P , Faraj A , Gerard L , Glover M , Imran H , Kim S , Patrick Y , Peto J , Prabhudesai A , Smith R , Tang A , Vadgama N , Dhaliwal R , Ecclestone T , Harris A , Ong D , Patel D , Philp C , Stewart E , Wang L , Wong E , Xu Y , Ashaye T , Fozard T , Galloway F , Kaptanis S , Mistry P , Nguyen T , Olagbaiye F , Osman M , Philip Z , Rembacken R , Tayeh S , Theodoropoulou K , Herman A , Lau J , Saha A , Trotter M , Adeleye O , Cave D , Gunwa T , Magalhães J , Makwana S , Mason R , Parish M , Regan H , Renwick P , Roberts G , Salekin D , Sivakumar C , Tariq A , Liew I , McDade A , Stewart D , Hague M , Hudson-Peacock N , Jackson C E S , James F , Pitt J , Walker E Y , Aftab R , Ang J J , Anwar S , Battle J , Budd E , Chui J , Crook H , Davies P , Easby S , Hackney E , Ho B , Imam S Z , Rammell J , Andrews H , Perry C , Schinle P , Ahmed P , Aquilina T , Balai E , Church M , Cumber E , Curtis A , Davies G , Dennis Y , Dumann E , Greenhalgh S , Kim P , King S , Metcalfe K H M , Passby L , Redgrave N , Soonawalla Z , Waters S , Zornoza A , Gulzar I , Hole J , Hull K , Ishaq H , Karaj J , Kelkar A , Love E , Patel S , Thakrar D , Vine M , Waterman A , Dib N P , Francis N , Hanson M , Ingleton R , Sadanand K S , Sukirthan N , Arnell S , Ball M , Bassam N , Beghal G , Chang A , Dawe V , George A , Huq T , Hussain A , Ikram B , Kanapeckaite L , Khan M , Ramjas D , Rushd A , Sait S , Serry M , Yardimci E , Capella S , Chenciner L , Episkopos C , Karam E , McCarthy C , Moore-Kelly W , Watson N , Ahluwalia V , Barnfield J , Ben-Gal O , Bloom I , Gharatya A , Khodatars K , Merchant N , Moonan A , Moore M , Patel K , Spiers H , Sundaram K , Turner J , Bath M F , Black J , Chadwick H , Huisman L , Ingram H , Khan S , Martin L , Metcalfe M , Sangal P , Seehra J , Thatcher A , Venturini S , Whitcroft I , Afzal Z , Brown S , Gani A , Gomaa A , Hussein N , Oh S Y , Pazhaniappan N , Sharkey E , Sivagnanasithiyar T , Williams C , Yeung J , Cruddas L , Gurjar S , Pau A , Prakash R , Randhawa R , Chen L , Eiben I , Naylor M , Osei-Bordom D , Trenear R , Bannard-Smith J , Griffiths N , Patel B Y , Saeed F , Abdikadir H , Bennett M , Church R , Clements S E , Court J , Delvi A , Hubert J , Macdonald B , Mansour F , Patel R R , Perris R , Small S , Betts A , Brown N , Chong A , Croitoru C , Grey A , Hickland P , Ho C , Hollington D , McKie L , Nelson A R , Stewart H , Eiben P , Nedham M , Ali I , Brown T , Cumming S , Hunt C , Joyner C , McAlinden C , Roberts J , Rogers D , Thachettu A , Tyson N , Vaughan R , Verma N , Yasin T , Andrew K , Bhamra N , Leong S , Mistry R , Noble H , Rashed F , Walker N R , Watson L , Worsfold M , Yarham E , Abdikadir H , Arshad A , Barmayehvar B , Cato L , Chan-lam N , Do V , Leong A , Sheikh Z , Zheleniakova T , Coppel J , Hussain S T , Mahmood R , Nourzaie R , Prowle J , Sheik-Ali S , Thomas A , Alagappan A , Ashour R , Bains H , Diamond J , Gordon J , Ibrahim B , Khalil M , Mittapalli D , Neo Y N , Patil P , Peck F S , Reza N , Swan I , Whyte M , Chaudhry S , Hernon J , Khawar H , O'Brien J , Pullinger M , Rothnie K , Ujjal S , Bhatte S , Curtis J , Green S , Mayer A , Watkinson G , Chapple K , Hawthorne T , Khaliq M , Majkowski L , Malik T A M , Mclauchlan K , Ng Wei En B , O'Connor T , Parton S , Robinson S D , Saat M I , Shurovi B N , Varatharasasingam K , Ward A E , Behranwala K , Bertelli M , Cohen J , Duff F , Fafemi O , Gupta R , Manimaran M , Mayhew J , Peprah D , Wong M H Y , Farmer N , Houghton C , Kandhari N , Khan K , Ladha D , Mayes J , McLennan F , Panahi P , Seehra H , Agrawal R , Ahmed I , Ali S , Birkinshaw F , Choudhry M , Gokani S , Harrogate S , Jamal S , Nawrozzadeh F , Swaray A , Szczap A , Warusavitarne J , Abdalla M , Asemota N , Cullum R , Hartley M , Maxwell-Armstrong C , Mulvenna C , Phillips J , Yule A , Ahmed L , Clement K D , Craig N , Elseedawy E , Gorman D , Kane L , Livie J , Livie V , Moss E , Naasan A , Ravi F , Shields P , Zhu Y , Archer M , Cobley H , Dennis R , Downes C , Guevel B , Lamptey E , Murray H , Radhakrishnan A , Saravanabavan S , Sardar M , Shaw C , Tilliridou V , Wright R , Ye W , Alturki N , Helliwell R , Jones E , Kelly D , Lambotharan S , Scott K , Sivakumar R , Victor L , Boraluwe-Rallage H , Froggatt P , Haynes S , Hung Y M A , Keyte A , Matthews L , Evans E , Haray P , John I , Mathivanan A , Morgan L , Oji O , Okorocha C , Rutherford A , Spiers H , Stageman N , Tsui A , Whitham R , Amoah-Arko A , Cecil E , Dietrich A , Fitzpatrick H , Guy C , Hair J , Hilton J , Jawad L , McAleer E , Taylor Z , Yap J , Akhbari M , Debnath D , Dhir T , Elbuzidi M , Elsaddig M , Glace S , Khawaja H , Koshy R , Lal K , Lobo L , McDermott A , Meredith J , Qamar M A , Vaidya A , Acquaah F , Barfi L , Carter N , Gnanappiragasam D , Ji C , Kaminski F , Lawday S , Mackay K , Sulaiman S K , Webb R , Ananthavarathan P , Dalal F , Farrar E , Hashemi R , Hossain M , Jiang J , Kiandee M , Lex J , Mason L , Matthews J H , McGeorge E , Modhwadia S , Pinkney T , Radotra A , Rickard L , Rodman L , Sales A , Tan K L , Bachi A , Bajwa D S , Battle J , Brown L R , Butler A , Calciu A , Davies E , Gardner I , Girdlestone T , Ikogho O , Keelan G , O'Loughlin P , Tam J , Elias J , Ngaage M , Thompson J , Bristow S , Brock E , Davis H , Pantelidou M , Sathiyakeerthy A , Singh K , Chaudhry A , Dickson G , Glen P , Gregoriou K , Hamid H , Mclean A , Mehtaji P , Neophytou G , Potts S , Belgaid D R , Burke J , Durno J , Ghailan N , Hanson M , Henshaw V , Nazir U R , Omar I , Riley B J , Roberts J , Smart G , Van Winsen K , Bhatti A , Chan M , D'Auria M , Green S , Keshvala C , Li H , Maxwell-Armstrong C , Michaelidou M , Simmonds L , Smith C , Wimalathasan A , Abbas J , Cairns C , Chin Y R , Connelly A , Moug S , Nair A , Svolkinas D , Coe P , Subar D , Wang H , Zaver V , Brayley J , Cookson P , Cunningham L , Gaukroger A , Ho M , Hough A , King J , O'Hagan D , Widdison A , Brown R , Brown B , Chavan A , Francis S , Hare L , Lund J , Malone N , Mavi B , McIlwaine A , Rangarajan S , Abuhussein N , Campbell H S , Daniels J , Fitzgerald I , Mansfield S , Pendrill A , Robertson D , Smart Y W , Teng T , Yates J , Belgaumkar A , Katira A , Kossoff J , Kukran S , Laing C , Mathew B , Mohamed T , Myers S , Novell R , Phillips B L , Thomas M , Turlejski T , Turner S , Varcada M , Warren L , Wynell-Mayow W , Church R , Linley-Adams L , Osborn G , Saunders M , Spencer R , Srikanthan M , Tailor S , Tullett A , Ali M , Al-Masri S , Carr G , Ebhogiaye O , Heng S , Manivannan S , Manley J , McMillan L E , Peat C , Phillips B , Thomas S , Whewell H , Williams G , Bienias A , Cope E A , Courquin G R , Day L , Garner C , Gimson A , Harris C , Markham K , Moore T , Nadin T , Phillips C , Subratty S M , Brown K , Dada J , Durbacz M , Filipescu T , Harrison E , Kennedy E D , Khoo E , Kremel D , Lyell I , Pronin S , Tummon R , Ventre C , Walls L , Wootton E , Akhtar A , Davies E , El-Sawy D , Farooq M , Gaddah M , Griffiths H , Katsaiti I , Khadem N , Leong K , Williams I , Chean C S , Chudek D , Desai H , Ellerby N , Hammad A , Malla S , Murphy B , Oshin O , Popova P , Rana S , Ward T , Abbott T E F , Akpenyi O , Edozie F , El Matary R , English W , Jeyabaladevan S , Morgan C , Naidu V , Nicholls K , Peroos S , Prowle J , Sansome S , Torrance H D , Townsend D , Brecher J , Fung H , Kazmi Z , Outlaw P , Pursnani K , Ramanujam N , Razaq A , Sattar M , Sukumar S , Tan T S E , Chohan K , Dhuna S , Haq T , Kirby S , Lacy-Colson J , Logan P , Malik Q , McCann J , Mughal Z , Sadiq S , Sharif I , Shingles C , Simon A , Burnage S , Chan S S N , Craig A R J , Duffield J , Dutta A , Eastwood M , Iqbal F , Mahmood F , Mahmood W , Patel C , Qadeer A , Robinson A , Rotundo A , Schade A , Slade R D , De Freitas M , Kinnersley H , McDowell E , Moens-Lecumberri S , Ramsden J , Rockall T , Wiffen L , Wright S , Bruce C , Francois V , Hamdan K , Limb C , Lunt A J , Manley L , Marks M , Phillips C F E , Agnew C J F , Barr C J , Benons N , Hart S J , Kandage D , Krysztopik R , Mahalingam P , Mock J , Rajendran S , Stoddart M T , Clements B , Gillespie H , Lee S , McDougall R , Murray C , O'Loane R , Periketi S , Tan S , Amoah R , Bhudia R , Dudley B , Gilbert A , Griffiths B , Khan H , McKigney N , Roberts B , Samuel R , Seelarbokus A , Stubbing-Moore A , Thompson G , Williams P , Ahmed N , Akhtar R , Chandler E , Chappelow I , Gil H , Gower T , Kale A , Lingam G , Rutler L , Sellahewa C , Sheikh A , Stringer H , Taylor R , Aglan H , Ashraf M R , Choo S , Das E , Epstein J , Gentry R , Mills D , Poolovadoo Y , Ward N , Bull K , Cole A , Hack J , Khawari S , Lake C , Mandishona T , Perry R , Sleight S , Sultan S , Thornton T , Williams S , Arif T , Castle A , Chauhan P , Chesner R , Eilon T , Kamarajah S , Kambasha C , Lock L , Loka T , Mohammad F , Motahariasl S , Roper L , Sadhra S S , Sheikh A , Toma T , Wadood Q , Yip J , Ainger E , Busti S , Cunliffe L , Flamini T , Gaffing S , Moorcroft C , Peter M , Simpson L , Stokes E , Stott G , Wilson J , York J , Yousaf A , Borakati A , Brown M , Goaman A , Hodgson B , Ijeomah A , Iroegbu U , Kaur G , Lowe C , Mahmood S , Sattar Z , Sen P , Szuman A , Abbas N , Al-Ausi M , Anto N , Bhome R , Eccles L , Elliott J , Hughes E J , Jones A , Karunatilleke A S , Knight J S , Manson C C F , Mekhail I , Michaels L , Noton T M , Okenyi E , Reeves T , Yasin I H , Banfield D A , Harris R , Lim D , Mason-Apps C , Roe T , Sandhu J , Shafiq N , Stickler E , Tam J P , Williams L M , Ainsworth P , Boualbanat Y , Doull C , Egan E , Evans L , Hassanin K , Ninkovic-Hall G , Odunlami W , Shergill M , Traish M , Cummings D , Kershaw S , Ong J , Reid F , Toellner H , Alwandi A , Amer M , George D , Haynes K , Hughes K , Peakall L , Premakumar Y , Punjabi N , Ramwell A , Sawkins H , Ashwood J , Baker A , Baron C , Bhide I , Blake E , De Cates C , Esmail R , Hosamuddin H , Kapp J , Nguru N , Raja M , Thomson F , Ahmed H , Aishwarya G , Al-Huneidi R , Ali S , Aziz R , Burke D , Clarke B , Kausar A , Maskill D , Mecia L , Myers L , Smith A C D , Walker G , Wroe N , Donohoe C , Gibbons D , Jordan P , Keogh C , Kiely A , Lalor P , McCrohan M , Powell C , Power Foley M , Reynolds J , Silke E , Thorpe O , Tseun Han Kong J , White C , Ali Q , Dalrymple J , Ge Y , Khan H , Luo R S , Paine H , Paraskeva B , Parker L , Pillai K , Salciccioli J , Selvadurai S , Sonagara V , Springford L R , Tan L , Appleton S , Leadholm N , Zhang Y , Ahern D , Cotter M , Cremen S , Durrigan T , Flack V , Hrvacic N , Jones H , Jong B , Keane K , O'Connell P R , O'sullivan J , Pek G , Shirazi S , Barker C , Brown A , Carr W , Chen Y , Guillotte C , Harte J , Kokayi A , Lau K , McFarlane S , Morrison S , Broad J , Kenefick N , Makanji D , Printz V , Saito R , Thomas O , Breen H , Kirk S , Kong C H , O'Kane A , Eddama M , Engledow A , Freeman S K , Frost A , Goh C , Lee G , Poonawala R , Suri A , Taribagil P , Brown H , Christie S , Dean S , Gravell R , Haywood E , Holt F , Pilsworth E , Rabiu R , Roscoe H W , Shergill S , Sriram A , Sureshkumar A , Tan L C , Tanna A , Vakharia A , Bhullar S , Brannick S , Dunne E , Frere M , Kerin M , Muthu Kumar K , Pratumsuwan T , Quek R , Salman M , Van Den Berg N , Wong C , Ahluwalia J , Bagga R , Borg C M , Calabria C , Draper A , Farwana M , Joyce H , Khan A , Mazza M , Pankin G , Sait M S , Sandhu N , Virani N , Wong J , Woodhams K , Croghan N , Ghag S , Hogg G , Ismail O , John N , Nadeem K , Naqi M , Noe S M , Sharma A , Tan S , Begum F , Best R , Collishaw A , Glasbey J , Golding D , Gwilym B , Harrison P , Jackman T , Lewis N , Luk Y L , Porter T , Potluri S , Stechman M , Tate S , Thomas D , Walford B , Auld F , Bleakley A , Johnston S , Jones C , Khaw J , Milne S , O'Neill S , Singh K K R , Smith R , Swan A , Thorley N , Yalamarthi S , Yin Z D , Ali A , Balian V , Bana R , Clark K , Livesey C , McLachlan G , Mohammad M , Pranesh N , Richards C , Ross F , Sajid M , Brooke M , Francombe J , Gresly J , Hutchinson S , Kerrigan K , Matthews E , Nur S , Parsons L , Sandhu A , Vyas M , White F , Zulkifli A , Zuzarte L , Al-Mousawi A , Arya J , Azam S , Azri Yahaya A , Gill K , Hallan R , Hathaway C , Leptidis I , McDonagh L , Mitrasinovic S , Mushtaq N , Pang N , Peiris G B , Rinkoff S , Chan L , Christopher E , Farhan-Alanie M M H , Gonzalez-Ciscar A , Graham C J , Lim H , McLean K A , Paterson H M , Rogers A , Roy C , Rutherford D , Smith F , Zubikarai G , Al-Khudairi R , Bamford M , Chang M , Cheng J , Hedley C , Joseph R , Mitchell B , Perera S , Rothwell L , Siddiqui A , Smith J , Taylor K , Wroe Wright O , Baryan H K , Boyd G , Conchie H , Cox L , Davies J , Gardner S , Hill N , Krishna K , Lakin F , Scotcher S , Alberts J , Asad M , Barraclough J , Campbell A , Marshall D , Wakeford W , Cronbach P , D'Souza F , Gammeri E , Houlton J , Hall M , Kethees A , Patel R , Perera M , Prowle J , Shaid M , Webb E , Beattie S , Chadwick M , El-Taji O , Haddad S , Mann M , Patel M , Popat K , Rimmer L , Riyat H , Smith H , Anandarajah C , Cipparrone M , Desai K , Gao C , Goh E T , Howlader M , Jeffreys N , Karmarkar A , Mathew G , Mukhtar H , Ozcan E , Renukanthan A , Sarens N , Sinha C , Woolley A , Bogle R , Komolafe O , Loo F , Waugh D , Zeng R , Crewe A , Mathias J , Mills A , Owen A , Prior A , Saunders I , Baker A , Crilly L , McKeon J , Ubhi H K , Adeogun A , Carr R , Davison C , Devalia S , Hayat A , Karsan R B , Osborne C , Scott K , Weegenaar C , Wijeyaratne M , Babatunde F , Barnor-Ahiaku E , Beattie G , Chitsabesan P , Dixon O , Hall N , Ilenkovan N , Mackrell T , Nithianandasivam N , Orr J , Palazzo F , Saad M , Sandland-Taylor L , Sherlock J , Ashdown T , Chandler S , Garsaa T , Lloyd J , Loh S Y , Ng S , Perkins C , Powell-Chandler A , Smith F , Underhill R , Goergen N , McKinley A , Neary C , Rafiq N , Badran A , Fearnhead N , Leadon M , Yin Lin Ting M , Conlon K , Ganesan D , O'Connor D , Arthur M J , Panayi Z , Rehman S , Awni H , Rao R , Robinson A , Baxter J , Loughlin P , Ahmed A , Barrow H , Liviu M T , Harinath G , Raveendran S , Sait S , Ali A , Latter M , Udalov S , Bergstrom M , Tabry H , West E , Dindyal S , Gao C , Patel H , Bath M , Bevan K , Bica M , Chan X M , Lee J , O'Donnell S , Ravindran M , Blessing E , De Sousa Magalhaes J H , Jain P , Campbell B , Evans R , Poo S , Sanghera C , Standfield N , Karponis D , Mehdi A , Patel R , Warren O , Boyd G , O'Callaghan J , Vipond M , Amarnath T , Kumar A , Saat M , Davidson S , Hylands A , McKie E , Hughes R , Latter J , Leung E , Dos Santos Jorge P , Saramunda J , Vig S , Serebriakoff P , Wayman J , Yen S K , Coleman M , Leong S , Sajid I , Tolppa T , Fawole A , Kandola D , Khan A , Babatunde F , Harlinska A , Sasapu K , Durham-Hall A D , Fowler G , Glithero M , Orbell J , Stringfellow T , Tulloch A , Bagchi A , Grant A , Onibere O , Bews-Hair M , Rajaraman N , Agarwal T , Rabinowicz S , Radford A , Pedlar E , Raja A , Rshaidat H , Aw P Y A , MacKle E , Yap E Y L , Charnley R , Lim L A M , Naylor M , Stainer B , Alseed N , Amarasinghe R , Rajagopal R , Horgan P , Sohrabi S , Wilkinson A , Liew N , Smallwood J , Vipond M , Walker N , Mutengesa E , Rankin T , Waite K , Robertson-Waters E , Stanger S , Thorn C , Botha A , Fowler A , Suri T , Vickers P , Denley S , Johnston W , Jiao L , Pain A , Vutipongsatorn K , Kale A , Karri R S , Waite K , Johnson C , Smith J , Walsh C , Dewan N , Prowle J , Theodoropoulou K , Jain P , Nisar T , Ali A , Chung L , Thomas J , Abbas M , Mookerjee S , Pitt J , Budd E , Fung T , Li M , MacAfee D , 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R , Lee A , Matthews J , Pinkney T , Byrne M , Eltyeb H , O'Loughlin P , Donaldson C , Oke O , Bisset K , Glen P , Norman S , Tan L , Ahmed M , Maxwell-Armstrong C , Rangarajan S , Sivaraj J , Hancock C , Moug S , Smith S , Nowell G , Rigney B , Widdinson A , Boereboom C , Lund J , Simpson W , Wright J , Fitzgerald I , Mansfield S , Shakweh E , Whitehurst K , Lee Z , Pinnell B , Williams G , Broll R , Drake T , Harrison E , McCann C , Abbott T , Mahdi S , Nawab F , Prowle J , Butcher B , Loganathan P D , Paterson L A , Pursnani K , Atley J , Hamdan K , Mills E , Clements B , Donaldson G , Eaton L , Aftab R , Gough M , Griffiths B , Ng C , Nolan G , Archer J , Do V , Sharma S , Epstein J , Sodde P , Storey B J , Ahmad H , Akram N , Sami T , Sheldon F , Croft H , Han L , Lasithiotakis K , Acharya J , Adeleye O , Kaur G , Dabab N , Kangesu P , Knight J , Srikathrikamanathan K , Wilson H , Dell E , Ellis L , McDonald K , Sobhanpanah D , Foster K , Mogg J , Subramonia S , Hill P , Rahem A , Reid F , Bachar R , Greenough N , Hlukha L , Ramwell A , Carlton-Carew S , Murray M , Raja A , Burke D , El-Haddad M , Mecia L B , Patel N , Bhatt R , Koay W J , Low L Y H , Reynolds J , Abbott S , Devan Nair H , Lee J J , O'Connell R , Carr W , Davies S , Unsworth S , Ashcroft J , Lazenby D , Subar D , Choi S , Rinkoff S , Sarens N , Varcada M , Ellerby N , Hammad A , McCartan N , Muhammad U , Howlader M , Norman E , Polly P , Brown S , Clark T , Thakral N , Hann P , Henderson R , Kirk S , Gupta S , Richards T , Ting J , Byrne M , Byrne C , Cheema J , Walsh S , Borg C , Hardie J , Sardar Y , Hughes B , Saeed S , Saeed F , Sharma A , Ang E , Kansu B , Stechman M , Walford R , Woodward C , Adeyemi S , Awad R , Imam L , Leptidis I , Kennedy E D , Patterson H , Soh Z M , Walls L , Yau J D , Ali B , Evans D , Smith J , James E , Kantola V E , Krishna K , Naeem H , Prowle J , Komolafe O , Tilling E , Osborne C , Schuster Bruce J , Weegenaar C , Chitsabesan P , Goaman A , Goode C , Nithianandavisam N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
The intermediate-term impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients after major gastrointestinal and liver surgery has not been well characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the 1-year mortality rate and renal outcomes associated with postoperative AKI in a national prospective cohort.

Methods
This prospective multicentre, observational cohort with 1-year postoperative follow-up included adults undergoing major gastrointestinal and liver surgery across the UK and Ireland between 23 September and 18 November 2015. AKI was defined according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. The primary outcome was death at 1-year after surgery, and the secondary outcome was Major Adverse Kidney Events (MAKE-365). Cox proportionate and multilevel logistic regression were used to account for case mix.

Results
Of 5745 patients across 173 centres, 1-year follow-up data was completed for 3504 patients (62.2 per cent, 126 centres), with attrition largely explained by centre non-participation (63.1 per cent). Some 13.6 per cent (475 of 3504) patients developed AKI by 7 days after surgery (stage 1: 9.2 per cent; stage 2/3: 4.3 per cent). At 1 year, 10.8 per cent (378 patients) experienced a MAKE-365 endpoint (303 patients had died, 61 had renal replacement therapy and 78 had renal dysfunction). Patients who experienced AKI by 7 days after surgery had a higher hazard of death at 1 year for KDIGO stage 1 (hazard ratio 1.50 (95 per cent c.i. 1.08 to 2.08), P = 0.016) and KDIGO stage 2/3 (hazard ratio 2.96 (95 per cent c.i. 2.02 to 4.33), P &lt; 0.001). Both KDIGO stage 1 (odds ratio 2.09 (95 per cent c.i. 1.50 to 2.92), P &lt; 0.001) and stage 2/3 (odds ratio 9.26 (95 per cent c.i. 6.31 to 13.59), P &lt; 0.001) AKI were independently associated with MAKE-365.

Conclusion
AKI events within 7 days after gastrointestinal or liver surgery are associated with significantly worse survival and renal outcomes at 1 year.