bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome medicine in male infertility: From karyotyping to single‐cell analysis
Authors: Shiraishi Koji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMale infertility is a multifactorial pathological condition that affects half of infertile couples. The majority of cases are categorized as idiopathic, especially in cases of nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). An increasing number of genetic abnormalities have been shown to cause spermatogenic impairment with the development of microarray technologies and next‐generation sequencing (NGS), moving beyond classical karyotype and polymerase chain reaction analyses of targeted genes. However, the majority of gene mutations, such as Klinefelter syndrome, azoospermia factor microdeletion, or congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens, fail to function in a one gene‐one phenotype manner. Single‐cell transcriptome analysis performed using human testicular samples has begun to be published, which has brought about a more comprehensive understanding of testicular pathology. NGS also enables omics approaches, which provide more powerful tools to interrogate the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, and proteome. Simultaneously, the involvement of environmental factors and comorbidities, which may potentially regulate epigenetic factors, has been shown, resulting in a more complex understanding of the pathophysiology of spermatic disorders, especially NOA. The combination of phenotypic data and large amounts of bioinformatical data obtained by NGS may provide a more comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of male infertility, which will contribute not only to a diagnosis but also to the proper selection of infertility treatment and the development of new treatment modalities for male infertility.
Treatment failure in hyperthyroid cats after radioiodine (I‐131) injection
Authors: Mullowney Deirdre , Chang Yu‐Mei , Glanemann Barbara , Syme Harriet M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited published information on the outcome for cats where total thyroxine concentration (TT4) remains elevated after treatment with radioactive iodine (RAI).ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of, and predictors for, subsequent treatment failure in cats for which TT4 remains elevated at hospital discharge, and to report clinical outcomes for cats requiring repeat treatment.AnimalsOne hundred twenty‐one cats with TT4 ≥40 nmol/L after treatment with RAI (out of an original, treated study sample of 959 cats).MethodsRetrospective study. Data regarding signalment, weight, TT4 concentration (before RAI treatment, at discharge, and percentage change), day of sampling, and I‐131 dose were acquired. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate predictors of treatment failure.ResultsIn the 87 cats for which classification was possible, 35 (40%) became euthyroid without further treatment. All TT4 variables and weight normalized RAI dose were independently predictive of subsequent treatment failure. In multivariate analysis, TT4 concentration at discharge (P < .001) and weight normalized RAI dose (P = .04) remained in the final model. All 28 cats with TT4 concentration ≥150 nmol/L at discharge ultimately failed treatment, compared with 13/40 (32.5%) and 11/19 (57.9%) cats with TT4 concentrations of 40‐100 nmol/L and 100‐150 nmol/L, respectively. Of the 52 cats that failed treatment, 14 were subsequently managed medically, 12 underwent thyroidectomy (4 with carcinoma), 14 had repeat RAI treatment which was successful in 12/14 (86%) cats, and 13 had no further treatment.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCats with TT4 >150 nmol/L at discharge after RAI might be candidates for immediate repeat treatment.
Ancestral transoceanic colonization and recent population reduction in a nonannual killifish from the Seychelles archipelago
Authors: Cui Rongfeng , Tyers Alexandra M. , Malubhoy Zahabiya Juzar , Wisotsky Sadie , Valdesalici Stefano , Henriette Elvina , Kosakovsky Pond Sergei L. , Valenzano Dario Riccardo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhether freshwater fish colonize remote islands following tectonic or transoceanic dispersal remains an evolutionary puzzle. Integrating dating of known tectonic events with phylogenomics and current species distribution, we find that killifish species distribution is not explained by species dispersal by tectonic drift only. Investigating the colonization of a nonannual killifish (golden panchax, Pachypanchax playfairii) on the Seychelle islands, we found genetic support for transoceanic dispersal and experimentally discovered an adaptation to complete tolerance to seawater. At the macroevolutionary scale, despite their long‐lasting isolation, nonannual golden panchax show stronger genome‐wide purifying selection than annual killifishes from continental Africa. However, progressive decline in effective population size over a more recent timescale has probably led to the segregation of slightly deleterious mutations across golden panchax populations, which represents a potential threat for species preservation in the long term.
Host population structure for tolerance determines the evolution of plant–virus interactions
Authors: Montes Nuria , Vijayan Viji , Pagán Israel 
Published: May 2021

Summary

Heterogeneity for plant defences determines both the capacity of host populations to buffer the effect of infection and the pathogen´s fitness. However, little information is known on how host population structure for tolerance, a major plant defence, impacts the evolution of plant–pathogen interactions.

By performing 10 serial passages of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in Arabidopsis thaliana populations with varying proportion of tolerant genotypes simulating different structures for this trait, we analysed how host heterogeneity for this defence shapes the evolution of both virus multiplication, the effect of infection on plant fecundity and mortality, and plant tolerance and resistance.

Results indicated that a higher proportion of tolerant genotypes in the host population promotes virus multiplication and reduces the effect of infection on plant mortality, but not on plant fecundity. These changes resulted in more effective plant tolerance to virus infection. Conversely, a lower proportion of tolerant genotypes reduced virus multiplication, boosting plant resistance.

Our work for the first time provides evidence of the main role of host population structure for tolerance on pathogen evolution and on the subsequent feedback loops on plant defences.
How efficient is customized lingual orthodontics? An assessment of treatment outcome
Authors: Fontinha Clara , Cattaneo Paolo M. , Cornelis Marie A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of lingual orthodontics by comparing setups and post‐treatment casts.Setting and sample populationThirty‐two consecutive patients treated with a customized lingual orthodontic appliance were included in this retrospective study.Materials and methodsInitial casts, post‐treatment casts and setups were scanned, and the digital models produced were analysed in terms of overjet; overbite; molar and canine relationships; intercanine, interpremolar and intermolar distances; upper and lower arch lengths; midline deviation; bucco‐lingual angulation of all teeth and mesio‐distal angulation of anterior teeth. Comparisons between setups and post‐treatment casts were performed via paired t tests. Relationships between the planned and actual correction were studied using regression analysis.ResultsStatistically significant differences in bucco‐lingual torque between setups and post‐treatment casts were found for all upper teeth, except for central incisors. In the lower jaw, statistically significant differences in bucco‐lingual torque were found between setups and post‐treatment casts for the lower incisors and molars. No statistically significant differences in mesio‐distal angulation of anterior teeth were found between setups and post‐treatment casts. Upper and lower arch widths did not vary significantly between setups and final casts, except upper inter‐second premolar and intermolar distances.ConclusionCustomized lingual appliances offer efficient control of mesio‐distal angulation of all anterior teeth. Significant differences in torque between setups and post‐treatment casts were observed for upper lateral incisors, canines, premolars and molars, as well as lower incisors and molars. However, the torque difference was clinically significant (over three degrees) for upper second premolars and molars only.
Corneal asphericity and related factors in the geriatric population: A population‐based study
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Nabovati Payam , Aghamirsalim Mohamadreza , Mahboubipour Hassan , Yekta Abbasali , Khabazkhoob Mehdi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo determine the distribution of the corneal asphericity coefficient (Q value) and related factors in an Iranian geriatric population.MethodsThis population‐based study was conducted in 2019 in Tehran, using stratified multistage random cluster sampling. The study population was ≥60 years of age. Participants underwent corneal imaging using a Pentacam HR. Mean keratometry, corneal astigmatism, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth and the overall anterior and posterior Q values (for 8 mm chord diameter) were recorded. Axial length measurements were performed using the IOL Master 500.Results2457 eyes of 2457 individuals were analysed. The mean age was 67.3 ± 5.82 years and 1479 (60.2%) were female. The mean Q value for the anterior corneal surface was −0.35 ± 0.17 (95% CI: −0.35 to −0.34). The anterior Q value showed a statistically significant inverse relationship with axial length and mean keratometry, and a significant direct association with anterior chamber depth and corneal astigmatism. The mean posterior Q value was −0.41 ± 0.15 (95% CI: −0.42 to −0.40). The posterior Q value had a significant direct relationship with age, anterior chamber depth, mean keratometry and corneal astigmatism.ConclusionThe corneal Q values in this geriatric Iranian population were more negative than the values reported in most previous studies. Corneal asphericity was greater affected by ocular biometry and corneal curvature than demographic factors and refractive status.
What does it take to facilitate the integration of clinical practice guidelines for the management of low back pain into practice? Part 1: A synthesis of recommendation
Authors: Longtin Christian , Décary Simon , Cook Chad E. , Tousignant‐Laflamme Yannick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the emergence of multiple clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the rehabilitation of low back pain (LBP) over the last decade, self‐reported levels of disability in this population have not improved. This may be explained by the numerous implementation barriers, such as the complexity of information and sheer volumes of CPGs.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to summarize the evidence and recommendations from the most recent and high‐quality CPGs on the rehabilitation management of LBP by developing an infographic summarizing the recommendations to facilitate dissemination into clinical practice.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of high‐quality CPGs with an emphasis on rehabilitation approaches. We searched major health‐related research databases (e.g., PubMed, CINAHL, and PEDro). We performed quality assessment via the AGREE‐II instrument. Contents of the CPGs were synthesized by extracting recommendations, which were then compared to one another to identify consistencies based on an iterative evaluation process.ResultsWe identified and assessed 5 recent high‐quality CPGs. We synthesized 13 recommendations on the rehabilitation management of LBP (2 for screening procedures, 3 for assessment procedures, and 8 involving treatment approaches) and 2 underlying principles were highlighted. These results were then synthetized and illustrated in a concise infographic that serves as a conceptual roadmap that identifies the specific behavior changes (i.e., adoption of CPGs’ recommendations) rehabilitation professionals should adopt in order to integrate an evidenced‐based approach for the management of LBP.ConclusionsWe systematically reviewed the literature for CPGs’ recommendations for the physical rehabilitation management of LBP and synthesized the information through an infographic.
Suicide intervention training with law enforcement officers
Authors: Osteen Philip J. , Ohme Karen , Morris R.C. , Arciniegas Jorge , Frey Jodi J. , Woods MaKenna , Forsman R. Lane 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLaw Enforcement Officers’ (LEO) interactions with people facing mental health crises have risen exponentially since the era of deinstitutionalization. On average, about 10% of the individuals law enforcement interacts with daily have mental health challenges. Several factors influence the outcome of these interactions, not least of which is an officer's role as a gatekeeper as well as their training related to people with mental health challenges. We hypothesized that participating in the online QPR Training for Law Enforcement Officers would be associated with improved knowledge about suicide, attitudes to suicide and suicide intervention, and self‐efficacy. Additionally, we hypothesized that these outcomes would be associated with greater use of intervention skills when encountering individuals at risk for suicide in the community. Results of our longitudinal analysis find that most of the participating officers reported some prior training and yet demonstrated statistically significant improvements in knowledge and attitudes after controlling for previous training. No significant changes were observed in LEO’s use of intervention skills following training. We conclude by suggesting that there is substantial need for increased training; and offering possible conceptual and empirical explanations for the observed results.
An evaluation of the long‐term sustainability of suicide prevention programs in an offshore Island
Authors: Yip Paul Siu Fai , Yeung Cheuk Yui , Chen Yu‐Chih , Lai Carmen Chui Shan , Wong Clifford Long Hin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn 2002, a suicide prevention program for visitors was implemented in Cheung Chau, an offshore island with 21,000 residents and many visitors. This research revisited the intervention and evaluated its long‐term effectiveness. Insights are provided into implementing a sustainable intervention.MethodsSuicide death records (2007–2017) of Cheung Chau residents and visitors were retrieved. Information related to suicide method and sociodemographic characteristics of people who died by suicide were explored. Bivariate analyses were conducted to examine differences between visitors and residents; visitors and residents who died in Cheung Chau; and residents who died in or outside Cheung Chau.ResultsAfter post‐implementation period, suicide rate for visitors and residents increased. Visitors were generally younger than the residents with a different distribution of type of housing. Most of the visitors killed themselves by charcoal burning, and nearly half of the residents used hanging.ConclusionLong‐term evaluation and monitoring of suicide prevention programs and sustained efforts are crucial to ensure program success. The prevention program in Cheung Chau was initially effective, but its long‐term effects wore off. Both the mental health needs of visitors and residents should be addressed. Refinement of the current program and sustainable efforts are required for ensuring long‐term success.
Entrapment and suicidal ideation: The protective roles of presence of life meaning and reasons for living
Authors: Moscardini Emma H. , Oakey‐Frost D Nicolas , Robinson Anthony , Powers Jeffrey , Aboussouan Alix B. , Rasmussen Susan , Cramer Robert J. , Tucker Raymond P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe integrated motivational–volitional model of suicide proposes that feelings of entrapment play a key role in the development of suicidal ideation. The model also posits a set of motivational moderators which either facilitate or hinder the development of suicidal thinking when entrapment is present. These motivational moderators include factors such as attitudes, future goals, thwarted belongingness, and social support. Two previously studied protective factors against suicide, reasons for living and life meaning, have received support in suicidology and might serve as motivational moderators in this model.MethodsThe current cross‐sectional study included college students (N=195) oversampled for recent suicidal ideation who took a series of self‐report questionnaires online.ResultsOur findings demonstrated that both reasons for living and life meaning are protective against the relation between entrapment and suicidal ideation, especially when presence of life meaning and reasons for living of high. Search for life meaning was found demonstrated a less protective relation with SI severity, particularly when reasons for living were low.ConclusionBoth motivational moderators demonstrated protective relationships with suicidal ideation and may be relevant to suicide prevention strategies. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
The NSEBA Demonstration Project: implementation of a point‐of‐care platform for early infant diagnosis of HIV in rural Zambia
Authors: Sutcliffe Catherine G. , Moyo Nkumbula , Schue Jessica L. , Mutanga Jane N. , Hamahuwa Mutinta , Munachoonga Passwell , Maunga Sylvia , Thuma Philip E. , Moss William J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the experience and resource requirements of implementing point‐of‐care testing for early infant diagnosis of HIV in rural Zambia.MethodsA demonstration project was conducted using a hub‐and‐spoke model in 2018–2019 at five clinics in rural Zambia. Two testing hubs were established, and all HIV‐exposed infants were tested with the GeneXpert system. Data on costs, turnaround times and test results were collected.ResultsSeven hundred and eighty six tests were conducted. At the hubs, results were available a median of 2.4 (IQR: 2.1, 2.8) hours after sample collection and most mothers (84%) received same‐day results. At the spoke facilities, results were available a median of 9 days (IQR: 7, 12) after sample collection and provided to the mother a median of 16 days (IQR: 10, 28) after sample collection. Eleven children tested positive, and 9 (82%) started treatment a median of 13 days (IQR: 7, 21) after sample collection and on the day mothers received results. In contrast, results from matching samples sent for routine testing were available a median of 38 days (IQR: 27, 61) after sample collection and provided to the mother a median of 91 days (IQR: 47, 135) after sample collection.ConclusionsImplementing point‐of‐care testing in a network of rural health centres in Zambia required significant initial and ongoing investment in infrastructure, training and supervision. However, point‐of‐care testing can rapidly diagnose HIV‐infected infants, so they can benefit from early treatment.
Allergen components of Dermatophagoides farinae recognised by serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E in Thai dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Khantavee Nathrada , Reamtong Onrapak , Sookrung Nitat , Suradhat Sanipa , Prapasarakul Nuvee 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundDermatophagoides farinae (Der f) is a common allergen in dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the relevant components of Der f require further investigation.ObjectivesWe aimed to provide data on the immunoglobulin (Ig)E‐binding specific components of Der f for further diagnostic and therapeutic applications.AnimalsSerum samples were collected from five healthy, nine Der f‐allergic atopic and seven non‐Der f‐allergic atopic dogs identified based on an intradermal skin test.Methods and materialsWe explored the component profiles of Der f extracts through 2D gel electrophoresis and IgE immunoblotting. The IgE‐binding components in both groups of atopic dogs were analysed by mass spectrometry.ResultsThe majority of Der f‐allergic atopic dogs recognised Der f Alternaria alternata allergen 10 (Der f Alt a 10), elongation factor 1‐alpha (EF1‐α), gelsolin‐like allergen Der f 16, Der f 28 and Der f 2. Der f 3, Der f 10, Der f 20 and Der f 32 were recognised as minor allergens. Alpha‐enolase, serine protease, arginine kinase and a few hypothetical proteins were recognised components in both groups of atopic dogs. Unexpectedly, Der f 15 (chitinase) was found to be a minor component.Conclusions and clinical importanceMultiple IgE‐binding allergens of Der f were identified in Thai atopic dogs. We propose that the specific antigen set that is bound by IgE, comprising Der f Alt a 10, EF1‐α, gelsolin‐like Der f 16, Der f 28 and Der f 2, could be used for future diagnostics and immunotherapy platforms.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor prevents skeletal muscle fibrosis in diabetic mice
Authors: Kakutani Naoya , Takada Shingo , Nambu Hideo , Maekawa Satoshi , Hagiwara Hikaru , Yamanashi Katsuma , Obata Yoshikuni , Nakano Ippei , Fumoto Yoshizuki , Hata Soichiro , Furihata Takaaki , Fukushima Arata , Yokota Takashi , Kinugawa Shintaro 
Published: May 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
We questioned whether an angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prevents skeletal muscle fibrosis in diabetic mice.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Administration of ACE inhibitor prevents the increase in skeletal muscle fibrosis during the early phase after induction of diabetes by streptozotocin. Our findings might provide a new therapeutic target for skeletal muscle abnormalities in diabetes.

AbstractFibrosis is characterized by the excessive production and accumulation of extracellular matrix components, including collagen. Although the extracellular matrix is an essential component of skeletal muscle, fibrosis can have negative effects on muscle function. Skeletal muscle fibrosis was shown to be increased in spontaneously hypertensive rats and to be prevented by an angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, an antihypertensive drug, in dystrophic mice or a mouse model of myocardial infarction. In this study, we therefore analysed whether (1) there is increased skeletal muscle fibrosis in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic mice, and (2) a preventive effect on skeletal muscle fibrosis by administration of an ACE inhibitor. Skeletal muscle fibrosis was significantly increased in STZ‐induced diabetic mice compared with control mice from 2 to 14 days post‐STZ. The ACE inhibitor prevented both skeletal muscle fibrosis and the reduction in muscle function in STZ‐treated mice. Our study demonstrated that administration of an ACE inhibitor prevents the increase in skeletal muscle fibrosis during the early phase after onset of diabetes. Our findings might provide a new therapeutic target for skeletal muscle abnormalities in diabetes. Future studies are required to clarify whether skeletal muscle fibrosis is also linked directly to physical activity.