bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why does second trimester demise of a monochorionic twin not result in acardiac twinning?
Authors: van Gemert Martin J. C. , van der Geld Cees W. M. , Ross Michael G. , Nikkels Peter G. J. , van den Wijngaard Jeroen P. H. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe previously explained why acardiac twinning occurs in the first trimester. We raised the question why a sudden demised monochorionic twin beyond the first trimester does not lead to acardiac twinning. We argued that exsanguinated blood from the live twin would strongly increase the demised twins' vascular resistance, preventing its perfusion and acardiac onset. However, our current hypothesis is that perfusion of the demised twin does occur but that it is insufficient for onset of acardiac twinning.MethodsWe analyzed blood pressures and flows in a vascular resistance model of a monochorionic twin pregnancy where one of the fetuses demised. The resistance model consists of a demised twin with a (former) placenta, a live twin and its placenta, and arterioarterial (AA) and venovenous placental anastomoses. We assumed that only twins with a weight of at least 33% of normal survived the first trimester and that exsanguination of more than 50% of its blood volume is fatal for the live twin.ResultsAt 20 weeks, only AA anastomoses with radii ≲1 mm keep the exsanguinated blood volume below 50%. Then, perfusion of the deceased body with arterial blood from the live fetus is about 5–40 times smaller than when that body was alive. Beyond 20 weeks, this factor is even smaller. At 14 weeks, this factor is at most 2.ConclusionWe hypothesize that this small perfusion flow of arterial blood prevents further growth of the deceased body and hence precludes onset of acardiac twinning.
Environmentally dependent adsorption of 2,4‐dichlorophenol on cellulose‐chitosan self‐assembled composites
Authors: Gomez‐Maldonado Diego , Filpponen Ilari , Johansson Leena‐Sisko , Waters Matthew N. , Vega Erramuspe Iris Beatriz , Peresin Maria S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith the increasing need for bio‐based materials developed by environmentally friendly procedures, this work shows a green method to develop shape‐controlled structures from cellulose dissolving pulp coated by chitosan. This material was then tested to adsorb a common and widespread pollutant, 2,4‐dichlorophenol under different pH conditions (5.5 and 9). Herein it was noticed that the adsorption only occurred in acidic pH (5.5) where electrostatic interaction drove the adsorption, demonstrating the potential to tune the response under desired conditions only. The adsorption was successful in the hydrogel structure with an adsorption capacity of 905 ± 71 mg/g from a solution with 16.6 ppm; furthermore, adsorption was also possible with dried hydrogel structures, presenting a maximum of adsorption of 646 ± 50 mg/g in a similar 16.6 ppm solution. Finally, adsorbent regeneration was successfully tested for both, dry (rewetted) and never‐dried states, showing improved adsorption after regeneration in the case of the never dried hydrogel structures.
Technological tools and strategies for culturing human gut microbiota in engineered in vitro models
Authors: Sardelli Lorenzo , Perottoni Simone , Tunesi Marta , Boeri Lucia , Fusco Federica , Petrini Paola , Albani Diego , Giordano Carmen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe gut microbiota directly impacts the pathophysiology of different human body districts. Consequently, microbiota investigation is an hot topic of research and its in vitro culture has gained extreme interest in different fields. However, the high sensitivity of microbiota to external stimuli, such as sampling procedure, and the physicochemical complexity of the gut environment make its in vitro culture a challenging task. New engineered microfluidic gut‐on‐a‐chip devices have the potential to model some important features of the intestinal structure, but they are usually unable to sustain culture of microbiota over an extended period of time. The integration of gut‐on‐a‐chip devices with bioreactors for continuous bacterial culture would lead to fast advances in the study of microbiota‐host crosstalk. In this review, we summarize the main technologies for the continuous culture of microbiota as upstream systems to be coupled with microfluidic devices to study bacteria‐host cells communication. The engineering of integrated microfluidic platforms, capable of sustaining both anaerobic and aerobic cultures, would be the starting point to unveil complex biological phenomena proper of the microbiota‐host crosstalks, paving to way to multiple research and technological applications.
Comparative analysis of excretion of six major compounds of Polygonum orientale L. extract in urine, feces and bile under physiological and myocardial ischemia conditions in rats using UPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Lu Yuan , Li Na , Zhu Xiaoqin , Pan Jie , Wang Yonglin , Lan Yanyu , Li Yongjun , Wang Aimin , Sun Jia , Liu Chunhua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPolygonum orientale L. is a traditional Chinese medicine having extensive pharmacological activities including antimyocardial ischemia (MI) injury properties. Isoorientin, orientin, vitexin, quercitrin, astragalin and protocatechuic acid are the main compounds in P. orientale extract. The aim of this study was to establish an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of the content of these compounds in urine, feces and bile samples simultaneously and application of the method in a comparative excretion study in normal and MI model rats after oral administration of P. orientale extract. Chromatographic seperation was conducted on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column with the mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid–acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid–water. Negative ion multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for quantification. The six compounds had good linearity (r ≥ 0.9921) and acceptable accuracy ranging from 10.10 to −5.82% The relative standard deviations of within‐day precision and inter‐day precision were <10.45 and 13.44%, respectively. The extraction recovery of the six analytes ranged from 80.31 to 101.47% and the matrix effect was 82.56–102.88%, indicating that the preparations of sample collected form urine, feces and bile were stable throughout analysis. The excretion amount of the six analytes increased in both normal and MI model rats’ urine, feces and bile in a 24 h period and became stable between 36 and 48 h after administration. The total excretion rate of six compounds was <5% in urine, feces and bile of normal and MI model rats. The excretion peak period for all compounds in MI rats was slower than that in normal rats. This excretion study provides insights for further application and research on P. orientale.
Toward sustainable development: Board characteristics, country governance quality, and environmental performance
Authors: Orazalin Nurlan , Mahmood Monowar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is to examine the effects of board characteristics and country governance quality on both individual aspects and the overall level of environmental performance through the lens of agency, resource dependency, and institutional theories. The study is based on a sample of 3023 firm‐year observations from European companies operating in 22 countries between 2009 and 2016. Data on the resources, emissions, and innovation dimensions of environmental performance and board governance data were collected from the Refinitiv database, whereas financial data were extracted from the Worldscope database. The study employs a multilevel modeling analysis and the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation technique to analyze the data. The findings suggest that board gender diversity and the presence of a corporate social responsibility and sustainability committee have a positive impact on environmental performance. The results also show that country governance quality is positively related to environmental performance. The findings have important implications for practitioners, regulators, and policymakers with respect to the effectiveness of corporate governance mechanisms and country governance systems in determining corporate environmental practices.
Cost‐effectiveness of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and MRI‐guided biopsy in a population‐based prostate cancer screening setting using a micro‐simulation model
Authors: Getaneh Abraham M. , Heijnsdijk Eveline AM , de Koning Harry J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe introduction of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and MRI‐guided biopsy has improved the diagnosis of prostate cancer. However, it remains uncertain whether it is cost‐effective, especially in a population‐based screening strategy.MethodsWe used a micro‐simulation model to assess the cost‐effectiveness of an MRI‐based prostate cancer screening in comparison to the classical prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening, at a population level. The test sensitivity parameters for the mpMRI and MRI‐guided biopsy, grade misclassification rates, utility estimates, and the unit costs of different interventions were obtained from literature. We assumed the same screening attendance rate and biopsy compliance rate for both strategies. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis, consisting of 1000 model runs, was performed to estimate a mean incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) and assess uncertainty. A €20,000 willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) threshold per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gained, and a discounting rate of 3.5% was considered in the analysis.ResultsThe MRI‐based screening improved the life‐years (LY) and QALYs gained by 3.5 and 3, respectively, in comparison to the classical screening pathway. Based on the probabilistic sensitivity analyses, the MRI screening pathway leads to total discounted mean incremental costs of €15,413 (95% confidence interval (CI) of €14,556–€16,272) compared to the classical screening pathway. The corresponding discounted mean incremental QALYs gained was 1.36 (95% CI of 1.31–1.40), resulting in a mean ICER of €11,355 per QALY gained. At a WTP threshold of €20,000, the MRI screening pathway has about 84% chance to be more cost‐effective than the classical screening pathway.ConclusionsFor triennial screening from age 55–64, incorporation of mpMRI as a reflex test after a positive PSA test result with a subsequent MRI‐guided biopsy has a high probability to be more cost‐effective as compared with the classical prostate cancer screening pathway.
The Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Salidroside on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: An Updated Review
Authors: Zhao Cheng‐Cheng , Wu Xin‐Yue , Yi Huan , Chen Rong , Fan Gang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe increasing incidence of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases has severely affected global human health and life safety. In recent years, some effective drugs with remarkable curative effects and few side effects found in natural compounds have attracted attention. Salidroside (SAL), a phenylpropane glycoside, is the main active ingredient of the plateau plant Rhodiola. So far, many animal experiments proved that SAL has good biological activity against some metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, most of these reports are scattered. This review systematically summarizes the pharmacological progress of SAL in the treatment of several metabolic (e. g., diabetes and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease) and cardiovascular (e. g., atherosclerosis) diseases in a timely manner to promote the clinical application and basic research of SAL. Accumulating evidence proves that SAL has beneficial effects on these diseases. It can improve glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and β‐cell and liver functions, and inhibit adipogenesis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Overall, SAL may be a valuable and potential drug candidate for the treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, more studies especially clinical trials are needed to further confirm its therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms.
Chemoproteomics for Plasmodium Parasite Drug Target Discovery
Authors: Lu Kuan‐Yi , Mansfield Christopher R. , Fitzgerald Michael C. , Derbyshire Emily R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEmerging Plasmodium parasite drug resistance is threatening progress towards malaria control and elimination. While recent efforts in cell‐based, high‐throughput drug screening have produced first‐in‐class drugs with promising activities against different Plasmodium life cycle stages, most of these antimalarial agents have elusive mechanisms of action. Though challenging to address, target identification can provide valuable information to facilitate lead optimization and preclinical drug prioritization. Recently, proteome‐wide methods for direct assessment of drug‐protein interactions have emerged as powerful tools in a number of systems, including Plasmodium. In this review, we will discuss current chemoproteomic strategies that have been adapted to antimalarial drug target discovery, including affinity‐ and activity‐based protein profiling and the energetics‐based techniques thermal proteome profiling and stability of proteins from rates of oxidation. The successful application of chemoproteomics to the Plasmodium blood stage highlights the potential of these methods to link inhibitors to their molecular targets in more elusive Plasmodium life stages and intracellular pathogens in the future.
Design and Hybridization Properties of Acyclic Xeno Nucleic Acid Oligomers
Authors: Murayama Keiji , Asanuma Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractXeno nucleic acids (XNAs) are analogues of DNA and RNA that have a non‐ribose artificial scaffold. XNAs are possible prebiotic genetic carriers as well as alternative genetic systems in artificial life. In addition, XNA oligomers can be used as biological tools. Acyclic XNAs, which do not have cyclic scaffolds, are attractive due to facile their synthesis and remarkably high nuclease resistance. To maximize the performance of XNAs, a negatively charged backbone is preferable to provide sufficient water solubility; however, acyclic XNAs containing polyanionic backbones suffer from high entropy cost upon duplex formation, because of the high flexibility of the acyclic nature. Herein, we review the relationships between the structure and duplex hybridization properties of various acyclic XNA oligomers with polyanion backbones.
Per‐glycosylation of the Surface‐Accessible Lysines: One‐Pot Aqueous Route to Stabilized Proteins with Native Activity
Authors: Walther Raoul , Monge Pere , Pedersen Andreas Bøtker , Benderoth Anja , Pedersen Jannik Nedergaard , Farzadfard Azad , Mandrup Ole A. , Howard Kenneth A. , Otzen Daniel E. , Zelikin Alexander N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChemical glycosylation of proteins is a powerful tool applied widely in biomedicine and biotechnology. However, it is a challenging undertaking and typically relies on recombinant proteins and site‐specific conjugations. The scope and utility of this nature‐inspired methodology would be broadened tremendously by the advent of facile, scalable techniques in glycosylation, which are currently missing. In this work, we investigated a one‐pot aqueous protocol to achieve indiscriminate, surface‐wide glycosylation of the surface accessible amines (lysines and/or N‐terminus). We reveal that this approach afforded minimal if any change in the protein activity and recognition events in biochemical and cell culture assays, but at the same time provided a significant benefit of stabilizing proteins against aggregation and fibrillation ‐ as demonstrated on serum proteins (albumins and immunoglobulin G, IgG), an enzyme (uricase), and proteins involved in neurodegenerative disease (α‐synuclein) and diabetes (insulin). Most importantly, this highly advantageous result was achieved via a one‐pot aqueous protocol performed on native proteins, bypassing the use of complex chemical methodologies and recombinant proteins.
Mental distress in a clinical nurse due to a false‐positive COVID‐19 antibody test result during the COVID‐19 epidemic in Japan: A case report
Authors: Shimazu Yuzo , Kobashi Yurie , Zhao Tianchen , Nishikawa Yositaka , Sawano Toyoaki , Ozaki Akihiko , Obara Daiji , Tsubokura Masaharu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study suggests the importance of instituting accompanying measures to prevent potential negative mental and social impacts on people receiving false‐positive results.
Treatment of Pipkin type I fracture using safe surgical hip dislocation: A case report
Authors: Baidoo Paa Kwesi , Twumasi Baah Jnr Kwasi , Abu Anning , Assim Alex Osei , Ayodeji Emmanuel Kafui , Gudugbe Senyo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report the clinical and radiological outcomes of a 30‐year‐old female with femoral head fracture following a posterior hip dislocation. The patient was managed using safe surgical hip dislocation. She had a pain free range of motion of the hip at 1 year postinjury.
Successful surgical treatment approach for mitral valve vegetation of infective endocarditis after severe soft tissue infection with mediastinitis
Authors: Uchida Kenichiro , Takahashi Yosuke , Shibata Toshihiko , Mizobata Yasumitsu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTransesophageal echocardiography is mandatory if you do suspect infective endocarditis. By approaching via a small right thoracotomy, vegetectomy and mitral valvuloplasty following severe mediastinitis were successfully accomplished without any complications.
Right atrial mass in a patient with COVID‐19 pneumonia: A case report
Authors: Othman Fahmi , Abid Abdul Rehman , Abdulkarim Sabir , Khatib Mohamad Y. , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Alkuwari Maryam , AlMulla Abdulwahid , Alqahtani Awad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum can have an atypical appearance by transthoracic echocardiography. The authors emphasize on the importance of the multimodality imaging approach to reach the appropriate diagnosis in such cases.
Exacerbation of atrial fibrillation related to dulaglutide use
Authors: Lee Jayden , Umana Idopise E. , Nguyen Judy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDulaglutide is associated with sinus tachycardia, increased PR interval, and 1st degree AV block. These conduction abnormalities can increase the risk of arrhythmia. Dulaglutide should be used with caution in patients with pre‐existing arrhythmia.
HPV32‐related Heck’s disease in a chronic graft‐versus‐host disease patient with long‐term successful KTP laser treatment: A rare case report
Authors: Nguyen Joe Truong , Allen Clint T. , Dodge Joshua T. , Van Doorslaer Koenraad , McBride Alison A. , Pavletic Steven Z. , Mays Jacqueline W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe recently identified and treated a rare case of oral focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) in an adult patient with chronic graft‐vs‐host disease. This is the first report linking KTP laser therapy to successful long‐term treatment HPV32 FEH.
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia in CBL syndrome associated with germline splice‐site mutations: Two case reports and a literature review
Authors: Cardoso Leila , Galán‐Gómez Víctor , Corral‐Sánchez María Dolores , Pérez‐Martínez Antonio , Riesco Susana , Isidoro‐García María , Escudero Adela 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe clinical and laboratory criteria for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis should be taken into account during the juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia diagnosis, specifically in CBL syndrome, to reveal the presence of primary rather than secondary associated hemophagocytosis.
Cobalt Carbonyl Clusters Enable Independent Control of Two Proton Transfer Rates in the Mechanism for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Pattanayak Santanu , Berben Louise A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMetal carbonyl clusters (MCC's) are atomically defined nanomaterials which can be characterized using the precise tools of molecular (electro)chemistry. HER mechanisms involve two proton transfer (PT) steps in the catalytic cycle. For HER catalyzed by [Co11C2(CO)23]3− (13−), cyclic voltammetry measurements were used to determine the rate for PT1 as kPT1=3×108 M−1 s−1, whereas the rate for PT2 is kPT2=3.7×103 M−1 s−1. The fast, diffusion‐limited rate for PT1 is consistent with a previous report describing [Co13C2(CO)24]4− (24−), with PT=2.9×109 M−1 s−1. In both cases rate enhancement in PT1 is promoted by the many Co−Co bonds on the surface of the MCC that serve as PT sites: a statistical enhancement of rate akin to the effects of proton relays. In contrast, kPT2 varies and is five orders of magnitude slower for 12− compared with 24−. Thus, MCC's and nanomaterials offer an opportunity to enhance the rate for PT1 while maintaining thermochemical or kinetic control of PT2.
Theoretical Insight into the Effect of Fluorine‐Functionalized Metal‐Organic Framework Supported Palladium Single‐Site Catalyst in the Ethylene Dimerization Reaction
Authors: Ortega Daniela E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEthylene dimerization reaction is one of the most common mechanisms for the production of 1‐butene. Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have received extensive attention in this area since they combine all the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in a single compound. Here a computational mechanistic study of MOF‐supported palladium single‐site catalyst for ethylene dimerization reaction is reported. Catalytic systems with both biphenyl‐type backbone as organic ligand and its fluorine‐functionalization have been investigated to reveal the origin of ligand effects on the catalytic activity and selectivity. The calculations revealed that the nonfluorinated palladium MOF catalyst undergoes dimerization over isomerization reaction. Then the influence of the fluorine‐functionalized organic ligand was compared in the dimerization catalytic cycle, which was strongly favored in terms of activity and selectivity. Catalyst‐substrate interactions were analyzed by energy decomposition analysis revealing the critical role of ligand backbone functionalization on the activity. This theoretical analysis identified three chemically meaningful dominant effects on these catalysts; steric, electrostatic and charge transfer effects. The steric effects promote nonfluorinated MOF catalyst, whereas the electrostatic effects are the dominant factor that promotes its fluorinated counterpart. This theoretical study provides feedback with future experimental studies about the role of fluorine ligand functionalization in palladium MOF catalysts for ethylene dimerization reaction.
Design and Application of Mini‐libraries of miRNA Probes for an Efficient and Versatile miRNA‐mRNA Cross‐linking
Authors: Malinowska Anna L. , Laski Artur , Hall Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs constitute a class of endogenous, non‐coding RNAs that influence various processes within the cell. By base‐pairing to partially‐complementary sites located in the 3’ untranslated region of target messenger RNAs, microRNAs participate in post‐transcriptional regulation of the majority of human protein‐coding genes. Their dysregulation has been related to many pathological processes and diseases. Thus, an in‐depth understanding of the microRNA mechanisms of action is crucial. Here, we present a new concept of probe design to achieve an efficient and sequence‐independent miRNA‐mRNA cross‐linking. The new strategy is based on the utilization of a controlled mixture of probes for a chosen miRNA, in which a trioxsalen moiety is introduced at the N4‐position of a selected cytidine through short oligoethylene glycol‐based linkers. In vitro photo‐cross‐linking experiments with mini‐libraries of probes for microRNAs of interest showed variable cross‐linking efficiencies, demonstrating a general applicability of the presented approach.