bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Strengthening Association Between Siberian Snow and Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall
Authors: Singh Randhir , Kishtawal Chandra M. , Singh Charu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractERA5 reanalysis data shows significant correlation between Siberian snow depth in March and following Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR). Whilst the Siberian snow depth is negatively correlated with seasonal monsoon rainfall over most of India, it is positively correlated with the monsoon rain over north‐east Indian regions. This relationship has significantly strengthened during the past 2 decades. We show that the strengthening relationship is more likely related to recent atmospheric circulation changes owing to persistent global warming, particularly the changes in the atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic. There are indications that during 1999–2018, the extratropical climatic variability (e.g., Arctic Oscillation [AO] and North Atlantic Oscillation [NAO]) significantly influenced Siberian snow in the month of March. In contrast, during the period 1979–1998, the influence of NAO and AO on Siberian snow was negligible. Analysis indicates that Siberian High, a dominant atmospheric circulation system that exerts strong influence on Eurasian weather and climate, has also significantly weakened during the past 2 decades. We hypothesize that the March Siberian snow influences the ISMR through a delayed hydrological response, in which the increased (reduced) accumulated snow during springtime provides wetter (drier) soil during the following summer. This leads to the alternation of the meridional tropospheric temperature gradient. The heavy (less) spring snowfall in north (south) Siberia led to changes in summertime meridional tropospheric temperature gradient, which resulted in the weakening of subtropical westerly jet and Tibetan anticyclone. The reduced intensity of tropical easterly jet connected to Tibetan anticyclone resulted in the weakening of summer monsoon Hadley cell, leading to subsequent suppression of rainfall. This association between Siberian snow and ISMR provides seasonal prediction potential.
Simultaneous Observations of EIP, TGF, Elve, and Optical Lightning
Authors: Østgaard N. , Cummer S. A. , Mezentsev A. , Luque A. , Dwyer J. , Neubert T. , Reglero V. , Marisaldi M. , Kochkin P. , Sarria D. , Lehtinen N. , Ullaland K. , Yang S. , Genov G. , Chanrion O. , Christiansen F. , Pu Y. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOn February 8, 2019, the Atmosphere‐Space Interaction Monitor observed a terrestrial gamma‐ray flash (TGF) and an Elve from a positive intracloud (+IC) lightning during the initial breakdown stage of a lightning flash north east of Puerto Rico. A second Elve produced by the return stroke (RS) of a negative cloud‐to‐ground (−CG) lightning was observed 456 ms later about 300 km south of the first one. Radio measurements show that a short (30 μs) and large (280 kA km) energetic in‐cloud pulse (EIP) produced the electromagnetic (EM) wave for the first Elve while the RS of the −CG was the EM source for the second Elve. Assuming that the EIP and the RS were the sources of the 777 nm emissions, both the delay relative to the ultra‐violet pulse and the shape and duration of the 777 nm emissions can be explained by scattering and absorption inside the clouds. The TGF produced by the +IC lightning had the same duration as the EIP (∼30 μs). Due to the ±80 μs timing uncertainty of the TGF, we can only state that TGF was produced just before or most likely simultaneously with the EIP. The large 777 nm pulse indicates that a large part of the EIP was produced by a current flowing in a hot channel, but it is likely that the TGF current also contributed significantly to the EIP.
Top‐of‐Atmosphere Radiation Budget and Cloud Radiative Effects Over the Tibetan Plateau and Adjacent Monsoon Regions From CMIP6 Simulations
Authors: Li Jiandong , Sun Zhian , Liu Yimin , You Qinglong , Chen Guoxing , Bao Qing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) radiation budget (RT) and cloud radiative effects (CREs) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and adjacent Asian monsoon regions including Eastern China (EC) and South Asia (SA) using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) simulations. Considerable simulation biases occur but specific causes differ in these regions. Most models underestimate the intensity of annual mean RT and cloud radiative cooling effect over the TP, and the RT during the cold‐warm transition period is hard to capture. The biases in surface temperature and cloud fractions substantially contribute to cloud‐radiation biases over the western and eastern TP, respectively. Over EC, the intensity of RT and cloud radiative cooling effect is seriously underestimated especially in the springtime when the model spread is large, and their biases are closely related to less low‐middle cloud fractions and weaker ascending motion. Over SA, simulation biases mainly arise from longwave radiative components associated with less high cloud fraction and weaker convection, with the large model spread in the summertime. The annual cycles of RT and CREs over EC and SA can be well reproduced by most models, while the summertime peak of the net CRE over the TP occurs later than the observation. The RT and its simulation bias strongly depend on the cloud radiative cooling effect over EC and SA. Our results demonstrate that contemporary climate models still have obvious difficulties in representing various complex cloud‐radiation processes in Asian monsoon regions.
Ground‐Based Multiangle Solar‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Observation and Angular Normalization for Assessing Crop Productivity
Authors: Zhang Qian , Chen Jing M. , Ju Weimin , Zhang Yongguang , Li Zhaohui , He Liming , Pacheco‐Labrador Javier , Li Ji , Qiu Bo , Zhang Xiaokang , Qiu Feng , Chen Bin , Chou Shuren , Zhang Zhaoying , Shan Nan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSolar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provides remotely sensible signals for monitoring gross primary production (GPP). Ground‐based multiangle observations of both red and far‐red SIF above wheat and maize canopies were conducted to examine angular effects on SIF. With these new measurements, we were able for the first time to refine and apply an algorithm developed for angular normalization of both red and far‐red SIF measurements. The angular normalization improved the correlation of SIF with GPP derived from eddy covariance measurements at the instantaneous scale (1 min), with increases of the diurnal coefficients of determination (of sunlit SIF with GPP) up to 0.21 for far‐red SIF and 0.3 for red SIF based on analysis on 6 sunny days. The improvement was slightly smaller for far‐red SIF than for red SIF, attributing to that the observed angular variation of SIF in the red band was greater than that in the far‐red band due to weaker multiple scattering in the red band in the canopy. In addition, at the hourly time scale, far‐red sunlit SIF shows its advantage to track GPP for heterogonous canopies, while angular normalization of red SIF is effective for homogeneous canopies. In comparison with another angular normalization method based on the escape ratio using datasets over both wheat and maize canopies, the two kinds of method show similar ability to improve the correlation between SIF and GPP, while the results suggest a limitation of SIF in estimating GPP for dense canopies where the fraction of shaded leaves are large.
Clinical effect and antiviral mechanism of T-705 in treating severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Authors: Li Hao , Jiang Xia-Ming , Cui Ning , Yuan Chun , Zhang Shao-Fei , Lu Qing-Bin , Yang Zhen-Dong , Xin Qin-Lin , Song Ya-Bin , Zhang Xiao-Ai , Liu Hai-Zhou , Du Juan , Fan Xue-Juan , Yuan Lan , Yuan Yi-Mei , Wang Zhen , Wang Juan , Zhang Lan , Zhang Dong-Na , Wang Zhi-Bo , Dai Ke , Bai Jie-Ying , Hao Zhao-Nian , Fan Hang , Fang Li-Qun , Xiao Gengfu , Yang Yang , Peng Ke , Wang Hong-Quan , Li Jian-Xiong , Zhang Lei-Ke , Liu Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne virus with high fatality and an expanding endemic. Currently, effective anti-SFTSV intervention remains unavailable. Favipiravir (T-705) was recently reported to show in vitro and in animal model antiviral efficacy against SFTSV. Here, we conducted a single-blind, randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of T-705 in treating SFTS (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry website, number ChiCTR1900023350). From May to August 2018, laboratory-confirmed SFTS patients were recruited from a designated hospital and randomly assigned to receive oral T-705 in combination with supportive care or supportive care only. Fatal outcome occurred in 9.5% (7/74) of T-705 treated patients and 18.3% (13/71) of controls (odds ratio, 0.466, 95% CI, 0.174–1.247). Cox regression showed a significant reduction in case fatality rate (CFR) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.366 (95% CI, 0.142–0.944). Among the low-viral load subgroup (RT-PCR cycle threshold ≥26), T-705 treatment significantly reduced CFR from 11.5 to 1.6% (P = 0.029), while no between-arm difference was observed in the high-viral load subgroup (RT-PCR cycle threshold <26). The T-705-treated group showed shorter viral clearance, lower incidence of hemorrhagic signs, and faster recovery of laboratory abnormities compared with the controls. The in vitro and animal experiments demonstrated that the antiviral efficacies of T-705 were proportionally induced by SFTSV mutation rates, particularly from two transition mutation types. The mutation analyses on T-705-treated serum samples disclosed a partially consistent mutagenesis pattern as those of the in vitro or animal experiments in reducing the SFTSV viral loads, further supporting the anti-SFTSV effect of T-705, especially for the low-viral loads.
Cytochrome bd promotes Escherichia coli biofilm antibiotic tolerance by regulating accumulation of noxious chemicals
Authors: Beebout Connor J. , Sominsky Levy A. , Eberly Allison R. , Van Horn Gerald T. , Hadjifrangiskou Maria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNutrient gradients in biofilms cause bacteria to organize into metabolically versatile communities capable of withstanding threats from external agents including bacteriophages, phagocytes, and antibiotics. We previously determined that oxygen availability spatially organizes respiration in uropathogenic Escherichia coli biofilms, and that the high-affinity respiratory quinol oxidase cytochrome bd is necessary for extracellular matrix production and biofilm development. In this study we investigate the physiologic consequences of cytochrome bd deficiency in biofilms and determine that loss of cytochrome bd induces a biofilm-specific increase in expression of general diffusion porins, leading to elevated outer membrane permeability. In addition, loss of cytochrome bd impedes the proton mediated efflux of noxious chemicals by diminishing respiratory flux. As a result, loss of cytochrome bd enhances cellular accumulation of noxious chemicals and increases biofilm susceptibility to antibiotics. These results identify an undescribed link between E. coli biofilm respiration and stress tolerance, while suggesting the possibility of inhibiting cytochrome bd as an antibiofilm therapeutic approach.
Selective AKT kinase inhibitor capivasertib in combination with fulvestrant in PTEN-mutant ER-positive metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Smyth Lillian M. , Batist Gerald , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Kabos Peter , Spanggaard Iben , Lluch Ana , Jhaveri Komal , Varga Andrea , Wong Andrea , Schram Alison M. , Ambrose Helen , Carr T. Hedley , de Bruin Elza C. , Salinas-Souza Carolina , Foxley Andrew , Hauser Joana , Lindemann Justin P. O. , Maudsley Rhiannon , McEwen Robert , Moschetta Michele , Nikolaou Myria , Schiavon Gaia , Razavi Pedram , Banerji Udai , Baselga José , Hyman David M. , Chandarlapaty Sarat 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFive to ten percent of ER+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC) tumors harbor somatic PTEN mutations. Loss of function of this tumor-suppressor gene defines a highly aggressive, treatment-refractory disease for which new therapies are urgently needed. This Phase I multipart expansion study assessed oral capivasertib with fulvestrant in patients with PTEN-mutant ER+ MBC. Safety and tolerability were assessed by standard methods. Plasma and tumor were collected for NGS and immunohistochemistry analyses of PTEN protein expression. In 31 eligible patients (12 fulvestrant naive; 19 fulvestrant pretreated), the 24-week clinical benefit rate was 17% in fulvestrant-naive and 42% in fulvestrant-pretreated patients, with objective response rate of 8% and 21%, respectively. Non-functional PTEN was centrally confirmed in all cases by NGS or immunohistochemistry. Co­mutations occurred in PIK3CA (32%), with less ESR1 (10% vs 72%) and more TP53 (40% vs 28%) alterations in fulvestrant-naive versus fulvestrant-pretreated patients, respectively. PTEN was clonally dominant in most patients. Treatment-related grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 32% of patients, most frequently diarrhea and maculopapular rash (both n = 2). In this clinical study, which selectively targeted the aggressive PTEN-mutant ER+ MBC, capivasertib plus fulvestrant was tolerable and clinically active. Phenotypic and genomic differences were apparent between fulvestrant-naive and -pretreated patients.Trial registration number for the study is NCT01226316.
Phenotypic discordance between primary and metastatic breast cancer in the large-scale real-life multicenter French ESME cohort
Authors: Grinda Thomas , Joyon Natacha , Lusque Amélie , Lefèvre Sarah , Arnould Laurent , Penault-Llorca Frédérique , Macgrogan Gaëtan , Treilleux Isabelle , Vincent-Salomon Anne , Haudebourg Juliette , Maran-Gonzalez Aurélie , Charafe-Jauffret Emmanuelle , Courtinard Coralie , Franchet Camille , Verriele Véronique , Brain Etienne , Tas Patrick , Blanc-Fournier Cécile , Leroux Agnès , Loussouarn Delphine , Berghian Anca , Brabencova Eva , Ghnassia Jean Pierre , Scoazec Jean-Yves , Delaloge Suzette , Filleron Thomas , Lacroix-Triki Magali 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExpression of hormone receptor (HR) for estrogens (ER) and progesterone (PR) and HER2 remains the cornerstone to define the therapeutic strategy for breast cancer patients. We aimed to compare phenotypic profiles between matched primary and metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in the ESME database, a National real-life multicenter cohort of MBC patients. Patients with results available on both primary tumour and metastatic disease within 6 months of MBC diagnosis and before any tumour progression were eligible for the main analysis. Among the 16,703 patients included in the database, 1677 (10.0%) had available biopsy results at MBC diagnosis and on matched primary tumour. The change rate of either HR or HER2 was 27.0%. Global HR status changed (from positive = either ER or PR positive, to negative = both negative; and reverse) in 14.2% of the cases (expression loss in 72.5% and gain in 27.5%). HER2 status changed in 7.8% (amplification loss in 45.2%). The discordance rate appeared similar across different biopsy sites. Metastasis to bone, HER2+ and RH+/HER2- subtypes and previous adjuvant endocrine therapy, but not relapse interval were associated with an HR discordance in multivariable analysis. Loss of HR status was significantly associated with a risk of death (HR adjusted = 1.51, p = 0.002) while gain of HR and HER2 discordance was not. In conclusion, discordance of HR and HER2 expression between primary and metastatic breast cancer cannot be neglected. In addition, HR loss is associated with worse survival. Sampling metastatic sites is essential for treatment adjustment.
Adsorption space for microporous polymers with diverse adsorbate species
Authors: Anstine Dylan M. , Tang Dai , Sholl David S. , Colina Coray M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe enormous number of combinations of adsorbing molecules and porous materials that exist is known as adsorption space. The adsorption space for microporous polymers has not yet been systematically explored, especially when compared with efforts for crystalline adsorbents. We report molecular simulation data for the adsorptive and structural properties of polymers of intrinsic microporosity with a diverse set of adsorbate species with 345 distinct adsorption isotherms and over 240,000 fresh and swollen structures. These structures and isotherms were obtained using a sorption-relaxation technique that accounts for the critical role of flexibility of the polymeric adsorbents. This enables us to introduce a set of correlations that can estimate adsorbent swelling and fractional free volume dilation as a function of adsorbate uptake based on readily characterized properties. The separation selectivity of the 276 distinct binary molecular pairs in our data is reported and high-performing adsorbent systems are identified.
Boston College daily sleep and well-being survey data during early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cunningham Tony J. , Fields Eric C. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile there was a necessary initial focus on physical health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is becoming increasingly clear that many have experienced significant social and mental health repercussions as well. It is important to understand the effects of the pandemic on well-being, both as the world continues to recover from the lasting impact of COVID-19 and in the eventual case of future pandemics. On March 20, 2020, we launched an online daily survey study tracking participants’ sleep and mental well-being. Repeated reports of sleep and mental health metrics were collected from participants ages 18–90 during the initial wave of the pandemic (March 20 – June 23, 2020). Given both the comprehensive nature and early start of this assessment, open access to this dataset will allow researchers to answer a range of questions regarding the psychiatric impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the fallout left in its wake.
A global occurrence database of the Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus
Authors: Mancinelli Giorgio , Bardelli Roberta , Zenetos Argyro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus is a portunid native to the western Atlantic, from New England to Uruguay. The species was introduced in Europe in 1901 where it has become invasive; additionally, a significant northward expansion has been emphasized in its native range. Here we present a harmonized global compilation of C. sapidus occurrences from native and non-native distribution ranges derived from online databases (GBIF, BISON, OBIS, and iNaturalist) as well as from unpublished and published sources. The dataset consists of 40,388 geo-referenced occurrences, 39,824 from native and 564 from non-native ranges, recorded in 53 countries. The implementation of quality controls imposed a severe reduction, in particular from online databases, of the records selected for inclusion in the dataset. In addition, a technical validation procedure was used to flag entries showing identical coordinates but different year of record, in-land occurrences and those located close to the coast. Similarly, a flagging system identified entries outside the known distribution of the species, or associated with unsuccessful introductions.
LoDoPaB-CT, a benchmark dataset for low-dose computed tomography reconstruction
Authors: Leuschner Johannes , Schmidt Maximilian , Baguer Daniel Otero , Maass Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDeep learning approaches for tomographic image reconstruction have become very effective and have been demonstrated to be competitive in the field. Comparing these approaches is a challenging task as they rely to a great extent on the data and setup used for training. With the Low-Dose Parallel Beam (LoDoPaB)-CT dataset, we provide a comprehensive, open-access database of computed tomography images and simulated low photon count measurements. It is suitable for training and comparing deep learning methods as well as classical reconstruction approaches. The dataset contains over 40000 scan slices from around 800 patients selected from the LIDC/IDRI database. The data selection and simulation setup are described in detail, and the generating script is publicly accessible. In addition, we provide a Python library for simplified access to the dataset and an online reconstruction challenge. Furthermore, the dataset can also be used for transfer learning as well as sparse and limited-angle reconstruction scenarios.
Dramatic nucleolar dispersion in the salivary gland of Schwenkfeldina sp. (Diptera: Sciaridae)
Authors: Amabis José Mariano , Gorab Eduardo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMicronucleoli are among the structures composing the peculiar scenario of the nucleolus in salivary gland nuclei of dipterans representative of Sciaridae. Micronucleolar bodies contain ribosomal DNA and RNA, are transcriptionally active and may appear free in the nucleoplasm or associated with specific chromosome regions in salivary gland nuclei. This report deals with an extreme case of nucleolar fragmentation/dispersion detected in the salivary gland ofSchwenkfeldinasp. Such a phenomenon in this species was found to be restricted to cell types undergoing polyteny and seems to be differentially controlled according to the cell type. Furthermore, transcriptional activity was detected in virtually all the micronucleolar bodies generated in the salivary gland. The relative proportion of the rDNA in polytene and diploid tissues showed that rDNA under-replication did not occur in polytene nuclei suggesting that the nucleolar and concomitant rDNA dispersion inSchwenkfeldinasp. may reflect a previously hypothesised process in order to counterbalance the rDNA loss due to the under-replication. The chromosomal distribution of epigenetic markers for the heterochromatin agreed with early cytological observations in this species suggesting that heterochromatin is spread throughout the chromosome length ofSchwenkfeldinasp. A comparison made with results from another sciarid species argues for a role played by the heterochromatin in the establishment of the rDNA topology in polytene nuclei of Sciaridae.
Altered gut microbiome and autism like behavior are associated with parental high salt diet in male mice
Authors: Afroz Kazi Farhana , Reyes Noah , Young Kobe , Parikh Kajal , Misra Varsha , Alviña Karina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNeurodevelopmental disorders are conditions caused by the abnormal development of the central nervous system. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is currently the most common form of such disorders, affecting 1% of the population worldwide. Despite its prevalence, the mechanisms underlying ASD are not fully known. Recent studies have suggested that the maternal gut microbiome can have profound effects on neurodevelopment. Considering that the gut microbial composition is modulated by diet, we tested the hypothesis that ASD-like behavior could be linked to maternal diet and its associated gut dysbiosis. Therefore, we used a mouse model of parental high salt diet (HSD), and specifically evaluated social and exploratory behaviors in their control-fed offspring. Using 16S genome sequencing of fecal samples, we first show that (1) as expected, HSD changed the maternal gut microbiome, and (2) this altered gut microbiome was shared with the offspring. More importantly, behavioral analysis of the offspring showed hyperactivity, increased repetitive behaviors, and impaired sociability in adult male mice from HSD-fed parents. Taken together, our data suggests that parental HSD consumption is strongly associated with offspring ASD-like behavioral abnormalities via changes in gut microbiome.