bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential chemotherapeutic effect of betalain against human non‐small cell lung cancer through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Yin Zongxiu , Yang Yanna , Guo Tianfang , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Wang Xin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis work focuses on evaluating the therapeutic ability of betalain and its causal mechanisms in NSCLC both in vivo and in vitro. The experimental results demonstrated that betalain was able to reduce the viability of A549 cells dose dependently with undetectable toxicity toward normal human cells. Betalain also augmented the apoptotic cells of A549 and cell cycle arrest which was evidenced via increased in level of p53/p21 and decreasing levels of cyclin‐D1 complex. Moreover, betalain also reduced the levels of p‐PI3K, p‐Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin significantly, justifying the pro‐apoptotic effect on A549 cells. The in vivo anticancer activity of betalain was determined further in nude mice injected with A549 cells. Xenograft in vivo experiments confirmed betalain administration of ameliorates the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, tumor markers with reduced toxic effect. Accordingly, this combined study provides significant insight on betalain as a therapeutic agent.
Optimal tuned mass dampers for wind turbines using a Sigmoid satisfaction function‐based multiobjective optimization during earthquakes
Authors: Chen Xin , Kareem Ahsan , Xu Guoji , Wang Hao , Sun Yong , Hu Liang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecent installation of many wind turbines in earthquake‐prone areas worldwide has increased concerns regarding their seismic performance. This study introduces a multiobjective optimization design method using a modified Sigmoid satisfaction function to efficiently minimize the seismic response by installing tuned mass dampers (TMDs) on wind turbines. Inspired by the human decision‐making process, the modified Sigmoid function was utilized to improve the satisfaction function and balance the optimization objectives. Incorporating the particle swarm optimization algorithm resulted in lower sensitivity to the combination weighting factors and significantly reduced the effort required to calibrate the weighting factors for any practical multiobjective optimization problem. To verify the efficacy of the proposed methodology, a TMD was designed on a National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5‐MW benchmark wind turbine, with constraints on both the top displacement and TMD stroke as design objectives. The results were compared to those obtained using the conventional linear weighted sum method, thereby highlighting the advantages of the proposed method. The scope of application of the proposed method is further demonstrated by a more complex TMD design problem involving 13 design objectives with typical seismic excitations.
Inventory and Monitoring of Invasive Species
Authors: Oswalt Sonja , Oswalt Chris , Crall Alycia , Rabaglia Robert , Schwartz Michael K. , Kerns Becky K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInventory and monitoring programs and high-quality distribution data are needed to manage invasive species and to develop quantitative ecological, economic, and social impact assessments. Strong inventory and monitoring programs provide valuable insights that help direct efforts to prevent and contain invasive species. Understanding where to focus management efforts, in addition to educational outreach, is key to developing economically efficient and ecologically relevant programs. As noted in Chap. 2, additional research is needed to address large-scale impacts and co-occurring impacts of multiple invaders. Inventory and monitoring efforts help to inform where this research can be most effectively applied by identifying areas where invasives are most abundant, most likely to spread, or most likely to be contained (Byers et al. 2002; Myers et al. 2000). Furthermore, as climate change continues to pose new and uncertain impacts on ecosystems, monitoring at the edge of invasive species’ ranges will become more important to management efforts (Hellmann et al. 2008).
The Role of International Cooperation in Invasive Species Research
Authors: Liebhold Andrew M. , Campbell Faith T. , Gordon Doria R. , Guo Qinfeng , Havill Nathan , Kinder Bradley , MacKenzie Richard , Lance David R. , Pearson Dean E. , Sing Sharlene E. , Warziniack Travis , Venette Robert C. , Yemshanov Denys 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe root cause of the biological invasion problem is globalization, which has facilitated the planet-wide breakdown of biogeographic barriers to species migration (Mooney and Hobbs 2000). In order to understand and manage the problem, coordination on a global scale is essential, and international cooperation among affected countries as well as with countries of pest origin must therefore play a critical role in virtually all aspects of research on biological invasions (Chornesky et al. 2005; McNeely et al. 2001; Perrings et al. 2010; Wingfield et al. 2015). Here we discuss key aspects of research on biological invasions, where international collaboration and coordination are important, and what infrastructures play a role in this work.
Future Invasive Species Research Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Kerns Becky K. , Poland Therese M. , Venette Robert C. , Patel-Weynand Toral , Finch Deborah M. , Rowley Allen , Hayes Deborah C. , Ielmini Mike 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductions of new invasive species continue with ever-expanding global trade, and the increase in invasive species does not show any sign of saturation for most taxonomic groups. However, some non-native species may arrive in an area and fail to become established or have no measurable impact. Thus, the protection of valued ecosystems depends on reliable knowledge about the species that are or might be invading, the ecosystems that are being invaded, the potential magnitude of different types of harm, the availability and effectiveness of management responses, and the desired state of ecosystems under protection. Primary research is a vital means of gathering that knowledge.
Impacts of Invasive Species on Forest and Grassland Ecosystem Processes in the United States
Authors: Miniat Chelcy Ford , Fraterrigo Jennifer M. , Brantley Steven T. , Callaham Mac A. , Cordell Susan , Dukes Jeffrey S. , Giardina Christian P. , Jose Shibu , Lovett Gary 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we describe current understanding of and identify research gaps on how invasive species directly, and indirectly, affect ecosystem processes. Specifically, we focus on how invasive species can alter the terrestrial carbon, nitrogen, and hydrologic cycles and how changes to these terrestrial cycles cascade to affect water quantity and quality. While invasive species may alter other ecosystem processes, we focus on these due to their importance to policy, to the public, and to their likely interaction with climate change effects. For example, carbon sequestration and surface water supply originating from forests and grasslands (Caldwell et al. 2014) are important policy and public concerns, and drought frequency and intensity will likely increase with climate change (Vose et al. 2016a). Our goal is to draw generalizations rather than provide details on invasive species effects on a case-by-case basis. We do, however, provide case studies for illustration and draw linkages with other chapters that provide detailed coverage to disturbance regimes (Chap. 5) and types and mechanisms of ecological impact caused by invasive insects (Chap. 2).
Early Intervention Strategies for Invasive Species Management: Connections Between Risk Assessment, Prevention Efforts, Eradication, and Other Rapid Responses
Authors: Venette Robert C. , Gordon Doria R. , Juzwik Jennifer , Koch Frank H. , Liebhold Andrew M. , Peterson Robert K. D. , Sing Sharlene E. , Yemshanov Denys 
Published: February 2021

AbstractManaging invasive species becomes increasingly difficult and expensive as populations of new pathogens, plants, insects, and other animals (i.e., pests) spread and reach high densities. Research over the past decade confirms the value of early intervention strategies intended to (1) prevent invasive species from arriving within an endangered area or (2) detect and respond quickly to new species incursions (Baker et al. 2009; Ewel et al. 1999; Holden et al. 2016; Leung et al. 2014). The goal of such biosecurity approaches is to keep or return the density of invasive species to zero so that damages from those pests might be prevented or to confine populations to localized areas so that damage from those species might be limited (Magarey et al. 2009). Prediction, prevention, early detection, eradication, and other rapid responses, all components of proactive management, are less costly and more effective than reactive tactics (Epanchin-Niell and Liebhold 2015; Leung et al. 2002; Lodge et al. 2006; Rout et al. 2014) (Fig. 6.1). Prediction is achieved throughrisk assessment(a process to forecast the likelihood and consequence of an invasion) andpathway analysis(a process to evaluate the means by which invasive species might be brought into an area of concern). Prevention is achieved through a variety of measures including regulations and quarantine treatments. Indeed, pathway analyses and subsequent regulation of those pathways are considered “the frontline in the prevention of biological invasions” (Hulme 2009) and cost-effective approaches (Essl et al. 2015; Keller et al. 2007; Leung et al. 2002; Tidbury et al. 2016). Surveillance is fundamental to early detection, and if a target species is detected, the primary rapid responses are eradication, containment, or suppression (reviewed in Beric and MacIsaac 2015). Early intervention strategies often operate at spatial scales that are much greater than the scale at which most land managers operate. Success thus requires effective coordination among researchers, regulators, and managers at international, national, sub-national, and local levels.
Sectoral Impacts of Invasive Species in the United States and Approaches to Management
Authors: Marsh Anne S. , Hayes Deborah C. , Klein Patrice N. , Zimmerman Nicole , Dalsimer Alison , Burkett Douglas A. , Huebner Cynthia D. , Rabaglia Robert , Meyerson Laura A. , Harper-Lore Bonnie L. , Davidson Jamie L. , Emery Marla R. , Warziniack Travis , Flitcroft Rebecca , Kerns Becky K. , Lopez Vanessa M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInvasive species have a major effect on many sectors of the U.S. economy and on the well-being of its citizens. Their presence impacts animal and human health, military readiness, urban vegetation and infrastructure, water, energy and transportations systems, and indigenous peoples in the United States (Table 9.1). They alter bio-physical systems and cultural practices and require significant public and private expenditure for control. This chapter provides examples of the impacts to human systems and explains mechanisms of invasive species’ establishment and spread within sectors of the U.S. economy. The chapter is not intended to be comprehensive but rather to provide insight into the range and severity of impacts. Examples provide context for ongoing Federal programs and initiatives and support State and private efforts to prevent the introduction and spread of invasive species and eradicate and control established invasive species.
Pitch Proposal: Recommenders with a Mission - Assessing Diversity in News Recommendations
Authors: Vrijenhoek Sanne , Helberger Natali 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBy helping the user find relevant and important online content, news recommenders have the potential to fulfill a crucial role in a democratic society. Simultaneously, recent concerns about filter bubbles, fake news and selective exposure are symptomatic of the disruptive potential of these digital news recommenders. Recommender systems can make or break filter bubbles, and as such can be instrumental in creating either a more closed or a more open internet. This document details a pitch for an ongoing project that aims to bridge the gap between normative notions of diversity, rooted in democratic theory, and quantitative metrics necessary for evaluating the recommender system. Our aim is to get feedback on a set of proposed metrics grounded in social science interpretations of diversity.
An Educational News Dataset for Recommender Systems
Authors: Xing Yujie , Mohallick Itishree , Gulla Jon Atle , Özgöbek Özlem , Zhang Lemei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDatasets are an integral part of contemporary research on recommender systems. However, few datasets are available for conventional recommender systems and even very limited datasets are available when it comes to contextualized (time and location-dependent) News Recommender Systems. In this paper, we introduce an educational news dataset for recommender systems. This dataset is the refined version of the earlier published Adressa dataset and intends to support the university students in the educational purpose. We discuss the structure and purpose of the refined dataset in this paper.
On the Coherence of Fake News Articles
Authors: Singh Iknoor , Deepak P.  , Anoop K.  
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe generation and spread of fake news within new and online media sources is emerging as a phenomenon of high societal significance. Combating them using data-driven analytics has been attracting much recent scholarly interest. In this computational social science study, we analyze the textual coherence of fake news articles vis-a-vis legitimate ones. We develop three computational formulations of textual coherence drawing upon the state-of-the-art methods in natural language processing and data science. Two real-world datasets from widely different domains which have fake/legitimate article labellings are then analyzed with respect to textual coherence. We observe apparent differences in textual coherence across fake and legitimate news articles, with fake news articles consistently scoring lower on coherence as compared to legitimate news ones. While the relative coherence shortfall of fake news articles as compared to legitimate ones form the main observation from our study, we analyze several aspects of the differences and outline potential avenues of further inquiry.
The Optimal Reform About Property Tax
Authors: Yamazaki Fukuju 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe present the desirable tax reform on the property tax on land and housing in Japan. Since the property tax on housing, building, and equipment becomes an obstacle to the capital formation on land, it should be abolished. Conversely, the effective rate of property tax on land should be increased so as to attain the revenue neutrality for local government. The abolition of tax on housing induces the higher land price which can bear the increase in the property tax on land, so that such a tax reform would benefit all individuals.
Requirements for the Application of Exemption from Real Estate Acquisition Tax Due to Purpose of Use: Based on the Acquisition of Land Usage for a School Site by an Incorporated Educational Institution
Authors: Kobayashi Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhen an incorporated educational institution acquires real estate to establish a school, real estate acquisition tax is tax exemption. There are two interpretations of these tax exemption requirements: interpreting that real estate acquisition to establish a school is a requirement for tax exemption and interpreting that the establishment of a school is a requirement for tax exemption requirement. This paper discusses these tax exemption requirements, along with their accreditation standards and limited interpretation.
Factor Analysis of Rent Using Space Syntax Measures: Comparative Analysis by Building Use around Shibuya Station
Authors: Ota Akira , Takahashi Hiroshi , Kaneda Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe determinants of residential, office and commercial rent are each analyzed by taking the 10 min walking distance area around Shibuya Station in Tokyo as the research target area. Conventional physical and quantitative factors such as distance from the nearest station, the width of the frontal road, age of the building, the number of floors, total floor area, contracted floor area, building structure etc. are included in the multiple-regression analysis as well as qualitative factors such as the visible area representing visibility on a main street and the integration value representing street network centrality—easy accessibility from other locations such as any intersection points—based on the space syntax measures (SS measures) used in the analysis by Jake Desyllas from University College of London. It is shown that both SS measures affect the rent for all the residential, office and commercial uses with the statistically significant level of 5%. It is quantitatively confirmed that the residential rent increases in a secluded location, and the office and commercial rent rise in a location with high street network centrality and good access, which would suggest that the SS measures are crucial important rent factors for residential, offices, and commercial uses in other places in Japan.
Compact City Corresponding to the Advanced Transport Systems
Authors: Morimoto Akinori 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLocation normalization plans that are currently being established across the country encourage a loose approach to land utilization guidance by establishing the areas where urban function guidance and residential guidance apply. We will consider some hints as to how to proceed with urban downsizing by looking back at how urban areas expanded during the period of population growth. It is important that the characteristics and roles of each transport system are reorganized and that they are skillfully incorporated into cities. In particular, the formation of transfer points between main line transport systems and branch line transport systems is a key to the formation of compact cities.
Current Status and Issues for Urban (Regional Area) Formulation of the Location Normalization Plan: The Case of Niigata City
Authors: Ogushi Yoko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the case that the amount of investment differs between the designated area and other area, the impact on land prices will be unavoidable. In Niigata City, the plan has just been completed. From now on, we need to pay close attention to how to make land use more appropriate by policy guidance and how it affects the land price.
The Overview and Legal Issues Regarding Real Estate Tech
Authors: Narimoto Haruo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I will introduce the types of real estate tech services already provided in Japan and give concrete examples, as well as explain the real estate crowdfunding, which is attracting particular attention, including laws and regulations. I will also discuss the legal issues in the use of data and personal information that are expected to arise in real estate tech services in the future.
Empirical Analysis on the System Revisions of Judicial Real Estate Auctions: Comparison with General Real Estate Trading
Authors: Ooka Yusuke 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper shows the effect of a series of system revisions of judicial real estate auction in the 2000s on three factors: bid acceptance ratio, number of bidders, and highest bid. Using multiyear data of auctions from multiple district courts, I estimate the improvement of the three factors by the revision.Furthermore, comparing real estate auction data with voluntary sale and general real estate trading data, I find that the selling price in auction was greatly lower than the price in voluntary sale even after the system revisions. Based on the empirical results, I suggest about necessity of further system revisions.
Bra-ket wormholes in gravitationally prepared states
Authors: Chen Yiming , Gorbenko Victor , Maldacena Juan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We consider two dimensional CFT states that are produced by a gravitational path integral.As a first case, we consider a state produced by Euclidean AdS2 evolution followed by flat space evolution. We use the fine grained entropy formula to explore the nature of the state. We find that the naive hyperbolic space geometry leads to a paradox. This is solved if we include a geometry that connects the bra with the ket, a bra-ket wormhole. The semiclassical Lorentzian interpretation leads to CFT state entangled with an expanding and collapsing Friedmann cosmology.As a second case, we consider a state produced by Lorentzian dS2 evolution, again followed by flat space evolution. The most naive geometry also leads to a similar paradox. We explore several possible bra-ket wormholes. The most obvious one leads to a badly divergent temperature. The most promising one also leads to a divergent temperature but by making a projection onto low energy states we find that it has features that look similar to the previous Euclidean case. In particular, the maximum entropy of an interval in the future is set by the de Sitter entropy.
Is ink heating a relevant concern in the High Speed Sintering process?
Authors: Williams Rhys J. , Smith Patrick J. , Majewski Candice 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHigh Speed Sintering (HSS) is a novel polymer additive manufacturing process which utilises inkjet printing of an infrared-absorbing pigment onto a heated polymer powder bed to create 2D cross-sections which can be selectively sintered using an infrared lamp. Understanding and improving the accuracy and repeatability of part manufacture by HSS are important, ongoing areas of research. In particular, the role of the ink is poorly understood; the inks typically used in HSS have not been optimised for it, and it is unknown whether they perform in a consistent manner in the process. Notably, the ambient temperature inside a HSS machine increases as a side effect of the sintering process, and the unintentional heating to which the ink is exposed is expected to cause changes in its fluid properties. However, neither the extent of ink heating during the HSS process nor the subsequent changes in its fluid properties have ever been investigated. Such investigation is important, since significant changes in ink properties at different temperatures would be expected to lead to inconsistent printing and subsequently variations in part accuracy and even the degree of sintering during a single build. For the first time, we have quantified the ink temperature rise caused by unintentional, ambient heating during the HSS process, and subsequently measured several of the ink’s fluid properties across the ink temperature range which is expected to be encountered in normal machine operation (25 to 45 ∘C). We observed only small changes in the ink’s density and surface tension due to this heating, but a significant drop (36%) in its viscosity was seen. By inspection of the ink’s Z number throughout printing, it is concluded that these changes would not be expected to change the manner in which droplets are delivered to the powder bed surface. In contrast, the viscosity decrease during printing is such that it is expected that the printed droplet sizes do change in a single build, which may indeed be a cause for concern with regard to the accuracy and repeatability of the inkjet printing used in HSS, and subsequently to the properties of the polymer parts obtained from the process.