bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HMGB1, anti-HMGB1 antibodies, and ratio of HMGB1/anti-HMGB1 antibodies as diagnosis indicator in fever of unknown origin
Authors: Chen Mingkun , Zhu Li , Xue Miao , Zhu Rongrong , Jing Liling , Wang Huaizhou , Qin Yanghua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the feasibility of serum HMGB1, anti-HMGB1 antibodies, and HMGB1/anti-HMGB1 ratio as a diagnosis indicator of initial clinical classification in patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO). Ninety-four patients with classical FUO and ninety healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The subjects’ clinical data and serum were collected. The serum concentration of HMGB1 was detected by a commercial HMGB1 ELISA kit, while the serum concentration of anti-HMGB1 antibodies were detected by an in-house built anti-HMGB1 antibodies ELISA kit and further confirmed by immunoblotting. According to the hospital diagnosis on discharge, ninety-four FUO patients were divided into four groups, Infectious disease subgroup, autoimmune disease subgroup, malignant tumor subgroup, and undetermined subgroup. The concentrations of HMGB1 in the infectious disease subgroup and autoimmune disease subgroup were higher than those in the malignant tumor subgroup, undetermined subgroup, and healthy control group. The concentration of anti-HMGB1 antibodies in autoimmune disease subtype group was higher than those in other subgroups as well as healthy control group. According to the distribution of HMGB1 and anti-HMGB1 in scatter plots of the patients with FUO, we found that the ratio of serum HMGB1/anti-HMGB1 is an ideal clinical indicator for differential diagnosis of different subtypes of FUO. The best cut-off was 0.75, and the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 66.67%, 87.32%, and 0.8, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that serum concentration of HMGB1 was moderately correlated with CRP in infectious diseases subgroup, and the serum concentration of anti-HMGB1 antibodies was strongly correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate in autoimmune disease subgroup. Our study had showed that serum HMGB1/anti-HMGB1 antibodies ratio can help clinicians identify FUO subtypes, thereby avoiding many unnecessary examinations and tests, and improving the effectiveness of clinical diagnosis and treatment of FUO.
Lysyl oxidase engineered lipid nanovesicles for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer
Authors: De Vita Alessandro , Liverani Chiara , Molinaro Roberto , Martinez Jonathan O. , Hartman Kelly A. , Spadazzi Chiara , Miserocchi Giacomo , Taraballi Francesca , Evangelopoulos Michael , Pieri Federica , Bongiovanni Alberto , Mercatali Laura , Tasciotti Ennio , Ibrahim Toni 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the field of oncology research, a deeper understanding of tumor biology has shed light on the role of environmental conditions surrounding cancer cells. In this regard, targeting the tumor microenvironment has recently emerged as a new way to access this disease. In this work, a novel extracellular matrix (ECM)-targeting nanotherapeutic was engineered using a lipid-based nanoparticle chemically linked to an inhibitor of the ECM-related enzyme, lysyl oxidase 1 (LOX), that inhibits the crosslinking of elastin and collagen fibers. We demonstrated that, when the conjugated vesicles were loaded with the chemotherapeutic epirubicin, superior inhibition of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell growth was observed both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, in vivo results displayed prolonged survival, minimal cytotoxicity, and enhanced biocompatibility compared to free epirubicin and epirubicin-loaded nanoparticles. This all-in-one nano-based ECM-targeting chemotherapeutic may provide a key-enabling technology for the treatment of TNBC.
Standardization of the liquid biopsy for pediatric diffuse midline glioma using ddPCR
Authors: Li Daphne , Bonner Erin R. , Wierzbicki Kyle , Panditharatna Eshini , Huang Tina , Lulla Rishi , Mueller Sabine , Koschmann Carl , Nazarian Javad , Saratsis Amanda M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDiffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a highly morbid pediatric brain tumor. Up to 80% of DMGs harbor mutations in histone H3-encoding genes, associated with poor prognosis. We previously showed the feasibility of detecting H3 mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the liquid biome of children diagnosed with DMG. However, detection of low levels of ctDNA is highly dependent on platform sensitivity and sample type. To address this, we optimized ctDNA detection sensitivity and specificity across two commonly used digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) platforms (RainDance and BioRad), and validated methods for detecting H3F3A c.83A > T (H3.3K27M) mutations in DMG CSF, plasma, and primary tumor specimens across three different institutions. DNA was extracted from H3.3K27M mutant and H3 wildtype (H3WT) specimens, including H3.3K27M tumor tissue (n = 4), CSF (n = 6), plasma (n = 4), and human primary pediatric glioma cells (H3.3K27M, n = 2; H3WT, n = 1). ctDNA detection was enhanced via PCR pre-amplification and use of distinct custom primers and fluorescent LNA probes for c.83 A > T H3F3A mutation detection. Mutation allelic frequency (MAF) was determined and validated through parallel analysis of matched H3.3K27M tissue specimens (n = 3). We determined technical nuances between ddPCR instruments, and optimized sample preparation and sequencing protocols for H3.3K27M mutation detection and quantification. We observed 100% sensitivity and specificity for mutation detection in matched DMG tissue and CSF across assays, platforms and institutions. ctDNA is reliably and reproducibly detected in the liquid biome using ddPCR, representing a clinically feasible, reproducible, and minimally invasive approach for DMG diagnosis, molecular subtyping and therapeutic monitoring.
Quantitative molecular detection of larval Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in stomach contents of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) marks regions of predation pressure
Authors: Allan Bridie Jean Marie , Ray Jessica Louise , Tiedemann Maik , Komyakova Valeriya , Vikebø Frode , Skaar Katrine Sandnes , Stiasny Martina H. , Folkvord Arild , Nash Richard D. M. , Stenevik Erling Kåre , Kjesbu Olav Sigurd 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMortality rates in the early life-history stages of fishes are generally high yet identifying the causes remain unclear. Faltering recruitment rates of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the Norwegian Sea indicate a need to identify which mortality factors influence larval herring survival. Previous research suggests that increased predation pressure by Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) may contribute to the disconnect between spawning stock biomass and recruitment. To quantify the contribution of predation pressure by Atlantic mackerel to herring larval mortality, two research cruises were conducted within a probable “hot spot” (67–72° N) for intensified mackerel predation based on particle drift simulations. Mackerel stomach contents were analysed for herring larvae content using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) with a quantitative molecular detection assay specific for herring. The ddPCR results demonstrate clear predation by mackerel on herring larvae and also suggest that the alternative use of visual examination may give misleading results. Our results show that mackerel should be considered a potentially important predator on herring larvae. The quantitative molecular assay presented here shows great promise as an efficient and specific tool to correctly identify and quantify predation pressure on early life-history stages of fishes.
A collective risk dilemma for tourism restrictions under the COVID-19 context
Authors: Chica Manuel , Hernández Juan M. , Bulchand-Gidumal Jacques 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe current COVID-19 pandemic has impacted millions of people and the global economy. Tourism has been one the most affected economic sectors because of the mobility restrictions established by governments and uncoordinated actions from origin and destination regions. The coordination of restrictions and reopening policies could help control the spread of virus and enhance economies, but this is not an easy endeavor since touristic companies, citizens, and local governments have conflicting interests. We propose an evolutionary game model that reflects a collective risk dilemma behind these decisions. To this aim, we represent regions as players, organized in groups; and consider the perceived risk as a strict lock-down and null economic activity. The costs for regions when restricting their mobility are heterogeneous, given that the dependence on tourism of each region is diverse. Our analysis shows that, for both large populations and the EU NUTS2 case study, the existence of heterogeneous costs enhances global agreements. Furthermore, the decision on how to group regions to maximize the regions’ agreement of the population is a relevant issue for decision makers to consider. We find out that a layout of groups based on similar costs of cooperation boosts the regions’ agreements and avoid the risk of having a total lock-down and a negligible tourism activity. These findings can guide policy makers to facilitate agreements among regions to maximize the tourism recovery.
Comparison of the RADM2 and RACM chemical mechanisms in O3 simulations: effect of the photolysis rate constant
Authors: Chen Chien-Hung , Chen Tu-Fu , Huang Shang-Ping , Chang Ken-Hui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince the photolysis rate plays an important role in any photoreaction leading to compound sink and radical formation/destruction and eventually O3formation, its impact on the simulated O3concentration was evaluated in the present study. Both RADM2 and RACM were adopted with and without updated photolysis rate constants. The newly developed photolysis rates were determined based on two major absorption cross-section and quantum yield data sources. CMAQ in conjunction with meteorological MM5 and emission data retrieved from Taiwan and East Asia were employed to provide spatial and temporal O3predictions over a one-week period in a three-level nested domain [from 81 km × 81 km in Domain 1 (East Asia) to 9 km × 9 km in Domain 3 (Taiwan)]. Four cases were analyzed, namely, RADM2, with the original photolysis rates applied in Case 1 as a reference case, RADM2, with the updated photolysis rates applied in Case 2, and RACM, with and without the updated photolysis rates applied in Cases 3 and 4, respectively. A comparison of the simulation and observed results indicates that both the application of updated photolysis rate constants and RACM instead of RADM2 enhanced all three error analysis indicators (unpaired peak prediction accuracy, mean normalized bias error and mean absolute normalized gross error). Specifically, RADM2 with the updated photolysis rates resulted in an increase of 12 ppb (10%) in the daily maximum O3concentration in southwestern Taiwan, while RACM without the updated photolysis rates resulted in an increase of 20 ppb (17%) in the daily maximum O3concentration in the same area. When RACM with the updated photolysis rate constants was applied in the air quality model, the difference in the daily maximum O3concentration reached up to 30 ppb (25%). The implication of Case 4 (RACM with the updated photolysis rates) for the formation and degradation of α-pinene and d-limonene was examined.
Heterogeneous Ru/TiO2 for hydroaminomethylation of olefins: multicomponent synthesis of amines
Authors: An Jinghua , Gao Zhuyan , Wang Yehong , Zhang Zhixin , Zhang Jian , Li Lu , Tang Bo , Wang Feng 
Published: March 2021

Heterogeneous Ru/TiO2-catalyzed HAM reaction of olefins is developed. Various amines can be obtained from olefins. The lower electron density of the Ruδ+ and the higher amount of acid sites of Ru/TiO2, lead to the high HAM reaction activity.
A two‐branch network with pyramid‐based local and spatial attention global feature learning for vehicle re‐identification
Authors: Yang Jucheng , Xing Di , Hu Zhiqiang , Yao Tong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent years, vehicle re‐identification has attracted more and more attention. How to learn the discriminative information from multi‐view vehicle images becomes one of the challenging problems in vehicle re‐identification field. For example, when the viewpoint of the image changes, the features extracted from one image may be lost in another image. A two‐branch network with pyramid‐based local and spatial attention global feature learning (PSA) is proposed for vehicle re‐identification to solve this issue. Specifically, one branch learns local features at different scales by building pyramid from coarse to fine and the other branch learns attentive global features by using spatial attention module. Subsequently, pooling operation by using global maximum pooling (GMP) for local features and global average pooling (GAP) for global feature is performed. Finally, local feature vectors and global feature vector extracted from the last pooling layer, respectively, are employed for identity re‐identification. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves state‐of‐the‐art results on the VeRi‐776 dataset and VehicleID dataset.
SDN‐based intrusion detection system for IoT using deep learning classifier (IDSIoT‐SDL)
Authors: Wani Azka , S Revathi , Khaliq Rubeena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe participation of ordinary devices in networking has created a world of connected devices rapidly. The Internet of Things (IoT) includes heterogeneous devices from every field. There are no definite protocols or standards for IoT communication, and most of the IoT devices have limited resources. Enabling a complete security measure for such devices is a challenging task, yet necessary. Many lightweight security solutions have surfaced lately for IoT. The lightweight security protocols are unable to provide an optimum protection against prevailing powerful threats in cyber world. It is also hard to deploy any traditional security protocol on resource‐constrained IoT devices. Software‐defined networking introduces a centralized control in computer networks. SDN has a programmable approach towards networking that decouples control and data planes. An SDN‐based intrusion detection system is proposed which uses deep learning classifier for detection of anomalies in IoT. The proposed intrusion detection system does not burden the IoT devices with security profiles. The proposed work is executed on the simulated environment. The results of the simulation test are evaluated using various matrices and compared with other relevant methods.
Efficient anonymous authentication scheme for automatic dependent surveillance‐broadcast system with batch verification
Authors: Subramani Jegadeesan , Maria Azees , Neelakandan Ramesh Babu , Rajasekaran Arun Sekar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAutomatic Dependent Surveillance‐Broadcast (ADS‐B) system provides significant improvements in air traffic control system such as optimal routing in non‐radar environments with a new level of safety and efficiency. The ADS‐B system is being installed in many aircrafts in recent year. The ADS‐B equipped aircraft broadcasts the air traffic information to nearby aircraft and ground stations either once or twice per second. Because of the open channel communication atmosphere, the ADS‐B system is affected by many security attacks. Many authentication and batch verification schemes are available to provide data integrity and source authentication for the ADS‐B system. But they are suffering from computational overhead and communication overhead. Hence, an efficient anonymous authentication scheme is proposed for the ADS‐B system with batch verification based on Message Recovery Signature (MRS). The security and performance analysis section ensure that the proposed scheme provides essential security features with less computational and communication overhead comparison with the other existing schemes.
Effect of different coupling agents on the interfacial properties of tube–internally insulated foam materials interface in a composite cross‐arm under water environment
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Li Le , Liu Hechen , Li Xiaolin , Liu Donggen , Liu Lei , Tang Li , Zhou Songsong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent years, electrical breakdown accidents for composite cross‐arms in rain‐impacted environments have occurred which might be ascribed to the degradation of the tube–internally insulated foam materials interface. This research has focused on the different coupling agent treatments (KH‐550, KH‐560, KH‐792, and IPTS) of the tube–internally insulated foam materials interface. The effect of different coupling agents on the interfacial electrical and physical properties in a water environment have been studied. The leakage current and compressive shear strength of the interface were investigated after water diffusion pre‐stress. Three‐dimensional computed tomography (μCT) was used to study the interface cross‐section tomogram, interface three‐dimensional volume rendering, and relative interface porosity. The interfacial hydrolysis resistance ability and the interfacial strength modified by various coupling agents were effectively reflected by the compressive shear strength and relatively defect ratio. The results revealed the ranking of the comprehensive coupling effect was KH‐560>KH‐550>KH‐792>IPTS, which provides significant guidance for modifying internal insulation interface performance for composite cross‐arms.
Radial evolution of the April 2020 stealth coronal mass ejection between 0.8 and 1 AU
Authors: Freiherr von Forstner Johan L. , Dumbović Mateja , Möstl Christian , Guo Jingnan , Papaioannou Athanasios , Elftmann Robert , Xu Zigong , Christoph Terasa Jan , Kollhoff Alexander , Wimmer-Schweingruber Robert F. , Rodríguez-Pacheco Javier , Weiss Andreas J. , Hinterreiter Jürgen , Amerstorfer Tanja , Bauer Maike , Belov Anatoly V. , Abunina Maria A. , Horbury Timothy , Davies Emma E. , O’Brien Helen , Allen Robert C. , Bruce Andrews G. , Berger Lars , Boden Sebastian , Cernuda Cangas Ignacio , Eldrum Sandra , Espinosa Lara Francisco , Gómez Herrero Raúl , Hayes John R. , Ho George C. , Kulkarni Shrinivasrao R. , Jeffrey Lees W. , Martín César , Mason Glenn M. , Pacheco Daniel , Prieto Mateo Manuel , Ravanbakhsh Ali , Rodríguez Polo Oscar , Sánchez Prieto Sebastián , Schlemm Charles E. , Seifert Helmut , Tyagi Kush , Yedla Mahesh 
Published: March 2021

Aims.We present observations of the first coronal mass ejection (CME) observed by the Solar Orbiter spacecraft on April 19, 2020 and the associated Forbush decrease (FD) measured by the High Energy Telescope (HET). This CME is a multi-spacecraft event that was also seen near Earth the following day.Methods.We highlight the capabilities of the HET for observing small short-term variations of the galactic cosmic ray count rate using its single detector counters. We applied the analytical ForbMod model to the FD measurements to reproduce the Forbush decrease at both locations. Input parameters for the model were derived from both in situ and remote-sensing observations of the CME.Results.The very slow (∼350 km s−1) stealth CME caused an FD with an amplitude of 3% in the low-energy cosmic ray measurements at HET and 2% in a comparable channel of the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) on board the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, as well as a 1% decrease in neutron monitor measurements. Significant differences are observed in the expansion behavior of the CME at different locations, which may be related to influence of the following high speed solar wind stream. Under certain assumptions, ForbMod is able to reproduce the observed FDs in low-energy cosmic ray measurements from HET as well as CRaTER, however, with the same input parameters, the results do not agree with the FD amplitudes at higher energies measured by neutron monitors on Earth. We study these discrepancies and provide possible explanations.Conclusions.This study highlights the notion that the novel measurements of Solar Orbiter can be coordinated with observations from other spacecraft to improve our understanding of space weather in the inner heliosphere. Multi-spacecraft observations combined with data-based modeling are also essential for understanding the propagation and evolution of CMEs, in addition to their space weather impacts.
Spatially resolved spectroscopy across stellar surfaces
Authors: Dravins Dainis , Ludwig Hans-Günter , Freytag Bernd 
Published: March 2021

Context. High-precision stellar analyses require hydrodynamic 3D modeling. Such models predict changes across stellar disks of spectral line shapes, asymmetries, and wavelength shifts. For testing models in stars other than the Sun, spatially resolved observations are feasible from differential spectroscopy during exoplanet transits, retrieving spectra of those stellar surface segments that successively become hidden behind the transiting planet, as demonstrated in Papers I, II, and III.
Aims. Synthetic high-resolution spectra over extended spectral regions are now available from 3D models. Similar to other ab initio simulations in astrophysics, these data contain patterns that have not been specifically modeled but may be revealed after analyses to be analogous to those of a large volume of observations.
Methods. From five 3D models spanning Teff = 3964–6726 K (spectral types ~K8 V–F3 V), synthetic spectra at hyper-high resolution (λ/Δλ >1 000 000) were analyzed. Selected Fe I and Fe II lines at various positions across stellar disks were searched for characteristic patterns between different types of lines in the same star and for similar lines between different stars.
Results. Spectral-line patterns are identified for representative photospheric lines of different strengths, excitation potentials, and ionization levels, thereby encoding the hydrodynamic 3D structure. Line profiles and bisectors are shown for various stars at different positions across stellar disks. Absolute convective wavelength shifts are obtained as differences to 1D models, where such shifts do not occur.
Conclusions. Observable relationships for line properties are retrieved from realistically complex synthetic spectra. Such patterns may also test very detailed 3D modeling, including non-LTE effects. While present results are obtained at hyper-high spectral resolution, the subsequent Paper V examines their practical observability at realistically lower resolutions, and in the presence of noise.
Gender and age-based investor affinities in a Ponzi scheme
Authors: Huang Li , Li Oliver Zhen , Lin Yupeng , Xu Chao , Xu Haoran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUtilizing a police dataset of a fundraising Ponzi scheme in China, we establish referrer-investor links and examine how investor affinity in terms of gender and age affects the way the scheme spreads and the way investors suffer losses. We find that female or older investors are more susceptible to investor affinity. Specifically, female or older investors are more likely to be referred into the scheme by female or older investors. Female or older investors tend to occupy lower layers in the investor hierarchy of the scheme and they are more likely to occupy lower layers if they are referred into the scheme by female or older investors. Consequently, female or older investors suffer more losses if they are referred into the scheme by female or older investors. We conclude that gender and age-based investor affinities are especially pronounced among female or older investors in a Ponzi scheme.