bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells deliver exogenous miR-105-5p via small extracellular vesicles to rejuvenate senescent nucleus pulposus cells and attenuate intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Sun Yongjin , Zhang Wenzhi , Li Xu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) have emerged as a promising new therapeutic strategy for intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). However, the drawbacks of MSCs, including their invasive access, the donor age, and their limited proliferative capacity, hinder the quantity and quality of MSC-sEVs. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs (iMSCs) provide an indefinite source of MSCs with well-defined phenotype and function. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of sEVs derived from iMSC (iMSC-sEVs) on IVDD and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods
IVDD models were established by puncturing discs from the tails of rats. Then, iMSC-sEVs were injected into the punctured discs. The degeneration of punctured discs was assessed using MRI and HE and immunofluorescence staining. The age-related phenotypes were used to determine the effects of iMSC-sEVs on senescent nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in vitro. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Sirt6. miRNA sequencing analysis was used to find miRNAs that potentially mediate the activation of Sirt6.

Results
After intradiscally injecting iMSC-sEVs, NPC senescence and IVDD were significantly improved. iMSC-sEVs could rejuvenate senescent NPCs and restore the age-related function by activating the Sirt6 pathway in vitro. Further, microRNA sequence analysis showed that iMSC-sEVs were highly enriched in miR-105-5p, which played a pivotal role in the iMSC-sEV-mediated therapeutic effect by downregulating the level of the cAMP-specific hydrolase PDE4D and could lead to Sirt6 activation.

Conclusion
iMSC-sEVs could rejuvenate the senescence of NPCs and attenuate the development of IVDD. iMSC-sEVs exerted their anti-ageing effects by delivering miR-105-5p to senescent NPCs and activating the Sirt6 pathway. Our findings indicate that iMSCs are a promising MSC candidate for obtaining sEVs on a large scale, while avoiding several defects related to the present applications of MSCs, and that iMSC-sEVs could be a novel cell-free therapeutic tool for the treatment of IVDD.
Acceptance of the coronavirus disease-2019 vaccine among medical students in Uganda
Authors: Kanyike Andrew Marvin , Olum Ronald , Kajjimu Jonathan , Ojilong Daniel , Akech Gabriel Madut , Nassozi Dianah Rhoda , Agira Drake , Wamala Nicholas Kisaakye , Asiimwe Asaph , Matovu Dissan , Nakimuli Ann Babra , Lyavala Musilim , Kulwenza Patricia , Kiwumulo Joshua , Bongomin Felix 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 is still a major global threat for which vaccination remains the ultimate solution. Uganda reported 40,751 cases and 335 deaths as of 9 April 2021 and started its vaccination program among priority groups like health workers, teachers, those with chronic diseases among others in early March 2021. Unanimous uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine is required to subsequently avert its spread; therefore, we assessed COVID-19 vaccine acceptability, hesitancy, and associated factors among medical students in Uganda.

Methods
This study employed an online descriptive cross-sectional survey among medical students across 10 medical schools in Uganda. A structured questionnaire via Google Form was conveniently sent to eligible participants via WhatsApp. Each medical school had a coordinator who consistently shared the data tool in the WhatsApp groups. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, and logistic regression were used to assess the association between vaccine acceptability with demographics, COVID-19 risk perception, and vaccine hesitancy.

Results
We surveyed 600 medical students, 377 (62.8%) were male. COVID-19 vaccine acceptability was 37.3% and vaccine hesitancy 30.7%. Factors associated with vaccine acceptability were being male (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.9, 95% CI 1.3–2.9, p=0.001) and being single (aOR= 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–3.9, p=0.022). Very high (aOR= 3.5, 95% CI 1.7–6.9, p<0.001) or moderate (aOR =2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.1, p=0.008) perceived risk of getting COVID-19 in the future, receiving any vaccine in the past 5 years (aOR= 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.5, p=0.017), and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (aOR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.9, p=0.036).

Conclusions
This study revealed low levels of acceptance towards the COVID-19 vaccine among medical students, low self-perceived risks of COVID-19, and many had relied on social media that provided them with negative information. This poses an evident risk on the battle towards COVID-19 in the future especially when these future health professions are expected to be influencing decisions of the general public towards the same.
Simple exclusion processes with local resetting
Authors: Pelizzola A. , Pretti M. , Zamparo M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We investigate the stationary state of symmetric and totally asymmetric simple exclusion processes with local resetting, on a one-dimensional lattice with periodic boundary conditions, using mean-field approximations, which appear to be exact in the thermodynamic limit, and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. In both cases we find that in the thermodynamic limit the models exhibit three different regimes, depending on how the resetting rate scales with the system size. The totally asymmetric version of the model has a particularly rich behaviour, especially in an intermediate resetting regime where the resetting rate vanishes as the inverse of the system size, exhibiting 4 different phases, including phase separation.
Breakdown in interdependent directed networks under targeted attacks
Authors: Xu W. , Pan L. , Liu X. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cascading failures take place between networks after initial failures occur in interdependent networks. Most previous studies are limited to undirected networks, while many real-world networks are directed. For interdependent directed networks, earlier studies focused on random initial failures. How the interdependent directed networks respond to targeted attacks has not been addressed. In this work, we develop a general theoretical framework for analyzing the robustness in interdependent directed networks under targeted attack on nodes with high or low degrees (in-degrees or out-degrees). We find that for degree heterogeneous networks, targeted attacks perform more efficiently in breaking down the system than random failures, with the degree-based attacks being the most efficient way. Interestingly, we find that system robustness first increases then decreases as the degree heterogeneity increases, showing a peak, which helps understand system robustness and enables the better design of robust infrastructure systems.
Maternal Glycemia During Pregnancy and Early Offspring Development: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Peng , Xie Jun , Jiao Xue-Chun , Ma Shuang-Shuang , Liu Yang , Yin Wan-Jun , Tao Rui-Xue , Hu Hong-Lin , Zhang Ying , Chen Xian-Xia , Tao Fang-Biao , Zhu Peng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Context
The association of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with neurodevelopmental outcomes remains controversial and evidence that maternal increasing levels of glucose during pregnancy associated with the risk for impaired neurodevelopment were limited.

Objective
To identify the continuous association of increasing maternal glucose levels with neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring and explore the potential contribution of cord metabolites to this association.

Methods
The prospective birth cohort study included 1036 mother-child pairs. Primary predictors were maternal exposure GDM and maternal glucose values at a 75-g oral-glucose-tolerance test at 24 to 28 weeks during pregnancy. Primary neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months in offspring were assessed by the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3).

Results
Maternal GDM was associated with failing the communication domain in offspring in the adjusted models [relative risk (RR) with 95% CI: 1.97 (1.11, 3.52)]. Increasing levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 1-h plasma glucose (1-h PG) and 2-h plasma glucose (2-h PG) with 1 SD change were at higher risks in failing the personal social domain of ASQ-3 [RRs with 95% CI for FPG: 1.49 (1.09, 2.04); for 1-h PG: 1.70 (1.27, 2.29); for 2-h PG: 1.36 (1.01, 1.84)]. The linear association was also demonstrated. Compared with girls, boys exposed to higher maternal glucose levels were inclined to the failure of the personal social domain. Mediation analysis showed the contribution of maternal GDM to failure of communication domain mediated by C-peptide.

Conclusions
Maternal glucose levels below those diagnostic of diabetes are continuously associated with impaired neurodevelopment in offspring at 12 months.
The Koti’s Ghost
Authors: Bhattacharya Sayan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In 2001 a group of gay men and kotis (one of several terms used in India for feminine persons assigned male at birth, who may or may not identify as transfeminine) wrote a play titled Koti ki atma (Soul of the Koti), about a koti who dies of AIDS and returns as a ghost to prevent other kotis from having unprotected sex. This article investigates the sociopolitical context in which the play was written, analyzes its plot, and, most importantly, follows the ghost to track the labors she performs. The author offers a glimpse into the histories of care and queer community-making that exceed the terror of death and state apathy in the wake of HIV in India.
Our Relationships Carry the Movement
Authors: McTighe Laura 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe radical HIV prison activist movement has always been, in practice, an abolitionist movement. Set in Philadelphia in the early 2000s, this article centers the relationships through which leaders of ACT UP Philadelphia, the Philadelphia County Coalition for Prison Health Care, TEACH Outside, and Project UNSHACKLE worked to transform the social conditions for which prisons have been posited as the solution and to create a prison-free future in real time. Its pages unfold a three-part methodological toolkit for HIV prevention justice. First, harm reduction demands that one show up and provide relief, no questions asked. Second, mutual aid grounds the forging of new social relations that are more survivable than those produced by HIV stigma, mass criminalization, and organized abandonment. Third, transformative justice offers both a vision and a practice for challenging criminalization in all its intimate, communal, and structural forms, and building a racially just and strategic HIV movement.
“A Thousand Kindred Spirits”
Authors: Pearl Monica B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article is one woman’s reflection on her experiences as a member of ACT UP/New York in the late 1980s and early 1990s through the lens of subsequent engagement in scholarship on AIDS representation in literature and visual media. Excerpted from a keynote address at a conference on the thirtieth anniversary of ACT UP at the University of York in June 2017, this essay reflects on the legacy of AIDS activism, ACT UP meetings, women and AIDS, needle exchange, safe sex workshops, the creation of the book Women, AIDS, and Activism, and queer kinship and conversation.
First record of wormlion Vermileo vermileo (Diptera: Vermileonidae) from Greece
Authors: PAPP ZOLTÁN , SOLTÉSZ ZOLTÁN 
Published: May 2021

In this work, we present the first record of the species Vermileo vermileo from Greece. The larvae and pupae of Vermileo vermileo (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera, Vermileonidae) and Myrmeleon inconspicuus Rambur, 1842 (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae) species were collected from pits on a dry soil surface, in well-protected from rain places, from the Greek island of Thasos during the summer of 2017, in close proximity to Potos and Skala Potamias resort areas. The individuals were further kept under laboratory conditions for definite identification. According to available literature, the dipteran species V. vermileo is new for the Greek fauna.
Cross-sectional study to assess etiology and associated factors for anaemia during first trimester of pregnancy in Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka: a protocol
Authors: Amarasinghe Gayani , Mendis Vasana , Agampodi Thilini , Agampodi Suneth 
Published: May 2021

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy, which can lead to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, is a significant global health problem. Despite Sri Lanka’s strong public health system and commitment towards prevention, maternal anaemia remains a major problem in the country. While prevention is focused on iron deficiency, detailed etiological studies on this topic are scarce. Moreover, estimates of socio demographic and economic factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy, which can provide important clues for anaemia control, are also lacking. This study aims to evaluate the hemoglobin distribution, and geographical distribution, contribution of known aetiologies and associated factors for anaemia in pregnant women in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. Methods: This is a cross sectional study of pregnant women in their first trimester registered for antenatal care from July to September 2019 in Anuradhapura district. The minimal sample size was calculated to be 1866. Initial data collection has already been carried out in special field clinics for pregnant women between June to October 2019. An interviewer-administered questionnaire, a self-completed dietary questionnaire and an examination checklist were used for data collection. In addition, all participants underwent complete blood count testing. Further investigations are being conducted for predicting the etiology of anaemia based on a developed algorithm (such as high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] and peripheral blood film analysis). Discussion: Being the largest study on anaemia during pregnancy in a single geographical area in Sri Lanka, this study will provide important clues about geographical clustering of anaemia cases with similar etiology, associated factors and etiologies which would help to develop interventions to improve the health of pregnant women in the area. The possibility of selection bias is a potential limitation associated with the study design.
Complications and postoperative ileus in laparoscopic versus open colectomy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Malibary Nadim , Almohaimeed Abdullah , Alshareef Abdullah , Alzahrani Abdulkarim , Siddiq Faris , Sulaimani Mohammed , Akeel Nouf Y. , Farsi Ali H. , Nassif Mohammed O. , Samkari Ali A. , Saleem Abdulaziz M. , Trabulsi Nora H. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Postoperative complications are a major concern after colorectal surgery, and can lead to an increased burden on patients and the healthcare system. Complications include postoperative ileus (POI) and prolonged postoperative ileus (PPOI). There are well-established risk factors and potential modifiable risk factors that affect the incidence of POI and PPOI, including invasive techniques, operative difficulty, perioperative blood loss, and delayed mobilization. We compared the incidence of POI, PPOI, and other postoperative complications between laparoscopic colectomy and open colectomy. Methods: This retrospective review investigates 120 patients who underwent either laparoscopic or open colectomy in King AbdulAziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2016 and June 2019. Data were collected from patients’ electronic medical records. Patients were classified into laparoscopic and open colectomy groups. The main outcomes of interest were POI, PPOI and the overall complication rate. These outcomes were calculated and compared between the two groups. Results: The overall incidence of POI and PPOI was 4.2% and 15%, respectively. There was a higher incidence of POI in the laparoscopic approach group (7.2% vs. 1.5%, P=0.03); however, the incidence of PPOI was higher in the open approach group (20% vs. 9.1%, P=0.03). The open surgery group showed a higher rate of overall complications (P=0.001). The mean estimated blood loss was lower in the laparoscopy group (139.09±145.83 vs. 343.85±307.78 mL; P<0.001). Significant earlier mobilization was observed in the laparoscopic group (3.12±1.77 vs. 5.39±3.48 days; P<0.001). Conclusion: The incidence of PPOI was significantly different depending on the surgical approach; however, the laparoscopy group tolerated regular diet earlier and had better outcomes regarding postoperative complications. The laparoscopic approach was associated with earlier ambulation and was more cost-effective based on the length of the hospital stay. Further randomized studies are required to confirm superiority of the laparoscopic approach in terms of postoperative recovery.
Childcare Matters: Female Business Owners and the Baby-Profit Gap
Authors: Delecourt Solène , Fitzpatrick Anne 
Published: May 2021

The previous literature documents that female-owned businesses are less profitable than male-owned businesses, including microenterprises that make up the majority of firms in developing countries. In this paper, we uncover an overlooked gendered constraint for these businesses: childcare. We collect field data through unannounced visits to a sample of microentrepreneurs in select areas of Uganda, combining surveys of business owners and real customers, as well as purchases by confederate buyers (i.e., mystery shoppers). We document that childcare duties in businesses are highly gendered: 37% of female owners bring small children to work, compared with 0% of men. Childcare duties are correlated with a “baby-profit gap,” as businesses where children are present earn 48% lower profits than even other female-owned businesses where a child is not present. Using our rich data, we analyze potential reasons why childcare obligations may affect profits. We find that prices, product quality, and other explanations are not robustly correlated with the presence of a baby. However, we find that women with children in the store are more likely to run out of stock than both men and women who do not have children in the store. Although we caution that our analysis is not causal, we consistently find that childcare duties are associated with profitability and may relate to the wider gender gap in business performance. This paper was accepted by Lamar Pierce, organizations.
FAZER MORRER E NÃO DEIXAR VIVER: DISCURSIVIDADES SOBRE A MORTE NO DISCURSO DO PRESIDENTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Claudia Dias , Barbosa Adelto Rodrigues 
Published: May 2021

Neste trabalho, temos como objetivo refletir sobre as discursividades que atravessam o enunciado “E daí? Lamento. Quer que eu faça o quê? Eu sou Messias, mas não faço milagre”, proferido pelo presidente da República do Brasil, Jair Messias Bolsonaro e seus efeitos de sentido, na perspectiva dos fundamentos teórico-metodológicos da Análise de Discurso de linha francesa materialista, para tanto utilizaremos os pressupostos teóricos de Pêcheux e Orlandi. Nesse sentido, mobilizamos o movimento parafrástico como dispositivo analítico, visando compreender o funcionamento discursivo do referido enunciado. A perspectiva pecheutiana tem como pressuposto relacionar a linguagem à sua exterioridade, representada, metodologicamente, pela situação e pelo sujeito, que são designadas de condições de produção. Dessa maneira, compreendemos como o enunciado selecionado, produz sentidos, por meio dos processos de significação instaurados no texto e descrevendo seu funcionamento. Visto que para a AD a língua é materialidade do discurso, portanto não se pode deixar de considerar sua relação com a historicidade.
Estado, capital e reforma da educação: a lei 5.692/71
Authors: Gomes Marco Antônio De Oliveira , Zanelato Ítalo Ariel , Pita Crislaine Aparecida 
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre o Estado, o conceito de capital e a reforma da educação promovida pela Lei 5.692/71, inaugurada pela ditadura civil-militar. Nossa premissa é que as reformas educacionais implementadas após o golpe de Estado de 1964 foram concebidas a partir da teoria do capital humano, atendendo, dessa forma, aos interesses do capital. Diante disso, cabe acentuar que as ações do Estado voltadas para a modernização das relações capitalistas firmaram-se a partir da política educacional, como é o caso da reforma de 1971. Assim, o sistema nacional de educação foi marcado pela ideologia tecnocrática, que propugnava por uma proposta pedagógica produtivista voltada para as demandas do capital.
"O bagulho ficou sério!": representações de gênero no brega recifense
Authors: Oliveira da Silva Junior Alcidesio , Félix Jeane , Carvalho de Araújo Allyson 
Published: May 2021

O brega funk tem se desenhado como uma manifestação que articula aspectos sonoros, visuais e culturais em torno de uma estética com singularidades próprias da periferia de Recife, capital de Pernambuco. Objetiva-se, neste texto, por meio dos Estudos Culturais e dos Estudos de Gênero, identificar as representações de gênero em três hits do carnaval 2019 em Recife: “Tome na Pepeka”, “Tome empurradão” e “Louca e Descarada”. Atuando como uma pedagogia cultural na educação dos sujeitos, essas mídias trazem as representações de gênero que não se isolam, mas que compreendem um contexto de cultura mais amplo. Ao representarem a virilidade do homem e o romantismo da mulher, tais artefatos culturais revelam-se potentes para reflexões e debates em torno da constituição de identidades e das possibilidades dos Estudos Culturais de se debruçarem ainda mais nas relações entre mídia, cultura e educação.
Tunable dual-channel ultra-narrowband Bragg grating filter on thin-film lithium niobate
Authors: Abdelsalam Kamal , Ordouie Ehsan , Vazimali Milad G. , Juneghani Farzaneh A. , Kumar Prem , Kanter Gregory S. , Fathpour Sasan 
Published: May 2021

We demonstrate dual-channel phase-shifted Bragg grating filters in the telecom band on thin-film lithium niobate. These integrated tunable ultra-narrow linewidth filters are crucial components for optical communication and sensing systems, as well as future quantum-photonic applications. Thin-film lithium niobate is an emerging platform suitable for these applications and has been exploited in this Letter. The demonstrated device has an extinction ratio of 27 dB and two channels with close linewidths of about 19 pm (quality factor of

8

×

10

4

), separated by 19 GHz. The central wavelength could be efficiently tuned using the high electro-optic effect in lithium niobate with a tuning factor of 3.83 pm/V. This demonstration can be extended to tunable filters with multiple channels, along with desired frequency separations and optimized tunability, which would be useful for a variety of complex photonic integrated circuits.