bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Erkundung der phytotoxischen Wirkung von Zink, Kadmium und Kupfer auf Elodea canadensis Michx. durch Erfassen der Deplasmolysezeit
Authors: Reinhardt E. , Burger G. , Weise G. , Ulbricht H. 
Published: July 2021

Die zur Deplasmolyse von Elodea‐Protoplasten erforderliche Zeit kann als Maßstab für die Giftigkeit von Seinvermetallionen dienen, denen die Pflanzen zuvor exponiert Waren, In Modellversuchen sind die Blätter der Testpflanzen vor der experimentellen Plasmolyse mindestens 24 h den zu beurteilenden Tonenkonzentrationen auszusetzen. Zur zufallskritischen Absicherung sollten wenigstens 200 Zellen aus dem subapikalen Blatthereich beobachtet werden, wobei die Blätter etwa 10 cm unterhalb des Vegetationskegels gleichlanger Pflanzen gleichen Entwicklungsstadiums inserieren.Als zytotoxisch erweisen sich >0,005 mg Zn2+ 1−1, ≥0,05 mg Cd2+ 1−1 bzw. ≥0,0005 mg Cu2+ 1−1, bei Kombination schon geringere Mengen. Störende Anioneneffekte treten bei Anwendung von Sulfaten oder Nitraten nicht auf. Die geringsten zytotoxischen Metallgehalte liegen unterhalb bekannter phytotoxischer Konzentrationen. Die zytologische Störung durch solche Grenzkonzentrationen kann von den Pflanzen noch kompensiert werden. Daher ist der Deplasmolysetest nach Schwermetallexposition bei Elodea canadensis eine sehr empfindliche Methode. Ein negativer Ausfall schließt die Anwesenheit phytotoxischer Schwermetallionenkonzentrationen aus. Mit steigender Deplasmolysezeit wird die Anwesenheit phytotoxischer Substanzen immer wahrscheinlicher.Verallgemeinernde Schlußfolgerungen aus den Ergebnissen des Deplasmolysetest s unterliegen einer Reihe von Vorbehalten. So reagieren die verschiedenen Pflanzenarten unterschiedlich auf gleiche Schwermetallbelastungen, differieren die pflanzlichen Resistenzverhältnisse gegenüber Schwermetallionen mit der Jahreszeit, verstärken simultan anwesende verschiedene Schwermetalle den Hemmeffekt und mindert härteres Wasser die Schwermetallgiftigkeit. Da die Kombination dieser Wirkbedingungen stetigem Wechsel unterliegt, haben mittels Deplasmolysetest nach Schwermetallexposition an Elodea canadensis erkundete Toxizitätsgrenzkonzentrationen nur spezifischen Aktualitätswert.
Zur Bedeutung der Fische als Umweltindikatoren, Laboratoriumsversuche an Karpfen (Cyprinus carpio L.) mit Quecksilber
Authors: Braun F. , Yediler A. 
Published: July 2021

– Durch Experimente erzielte Anreicherungsfaktoren für Quecksilber in Karpfen bestätigen, daß eine Rüekrechnung von gemessenen Quecksilberkonzentrationen im Fisch auf solche im Wasser mit Hilfe der Faktoren nicht ohne weiteres möglich ist;– dagegen zeichnet sich ab, daß ein Vergleich verschiedener quecksilberhaltiger Fischorgane gewisse Rückschlüsse auf die vorangegangene Art (chronisch oder akut) der Quecksilber‐belastung ermöglicht;– die Höhe der Quecksilberaufnahme der Karpfenkiemen bei akut‐toxischer Quecksilberkonzentration im Wasser hing von der Queckeilberbelastung der Karpfen ab. Ebenso wurde biervon die Manifestationszeit beeinflußt
Untersuchungen über den Sauerstoffhaushalt eines phytoplanktonreichen Fließgewässers (Untere Havel)
Authors: Hannemann W. 
Published: July 2021

— Als Beitrag zur Erfassung des Stoffhaushalts phytoplanktonreicher Fließgewässer wurden am Beispiel der Unteren Havel bei Briest intensive Untersuchungen über den Sauerstoffhaushalt und die ihn beeinflussenden Faktoren durchgeführt.— Die nach der Odum‐Methode errechnete Sauerstoffbruttoproduktion lag im Sommer zwischen 2,1 und 53,4 g O2/m2d und im Whiter zwischen 0,6 und 18.0 g O2/m2d. Die Respiration betrug im Sommer 0,6 … 26,4 g O2/m2d und im Winter 0,0 … 8,4 g O2/m2d.— Am nachhaltigsten wird der Sauerstoffhaushalt der Unteren Havel durch die Globalstrahlung beeinflußt. Nach einem extrem langen Winter kommt die verzögerte Phytoplanktonentwicklung explosionsartig zum Ausbruch, nach einem kurzen Winter entfaltet sich das Plankton allmählich. Davon abhängig gestaltet sich auch der Sauerstoffhaushalt des Gewässers im Frühjahr extrem unterschiedlich.— Der Gehalt an gelösten Nährstoffen zeigte eine sehr deutliche und starke Abhängigkeit von der Phytoplanktonentwicklung.— Die Fourieranalysen ergaben, daß vor allem bei den meteorologisch bedingten physikalischen Kriterien des Sauerstoffhaushaltes eindeutige Jahresperiodizitäten bestehen.— Für prognostische Zwecke wird die Bestimmung des Verhältnisses Globalstrahlung: Sichttiefe vorgeschlagen. Dieses Verhältnis zeigte bei Regressions‐ und Korrelationsberechnungen überwiegend signifikante Beziehungen zu den einzelnen Kriterien des Sauerstoffhaushaltes. Eine Überprüfung mittels Fourieranalyse ergab, daß eine eindeutige Jahresperiodizität vorhanden ist. Das Verhältnis Globalstrahlung: Sichttiefe eignet sich auch zur Kurz‐ und Langfristprognose der Wasserbeschaffenheit.
Steuerungsmechanismen des Ionenabflusses und der chemischen Denudation
Authors: Aurada K. D. 
Published: July 2021

Der Ionenabfluß und die chemische Denudation mobiler Stoffkomponenten mit niedrigem Ionenpotential repräsentieren den intensivsten Stoffaustauschprozeß zwischen Litho‐ und Hydrosphäre.Auf der Grundlage jüngerer Angaben zur Weltwasserbilanz und zur hydrochemischen Zusammensetzung terrestrischer Gewässer, bezogen auf die Hauptionenanteile Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO–3, SO2–4 und Cl– bzw. die Gesamtmineralisation, lassen sich mit Hilfe von Referenzflußgebieten der Ionenabfluß und die chemische Denudation der peripheren Abflußgebiete der Kontinente berechnen.Global kann der Ionenabfluß mit 4,3 · 109 ta–1 bzw. unter Berücksichtigung eines zyklischen Niederschlagsanteils mit 3,6 · 109 ta–1 ermittelt werden. Daraus können chemische Denudationsraten von 1,3 bzw. 1,1 gs–1 km–2 berechnet werden. Unter Berücksichtigung der Größenordnung der Gesamtdenudation von 22,0 · 109 ta–1 ergibt sich der Anteil der chemischen Denudation mit 16,4%.Die Variabilität der hydrochemischen Zusammensetzung der Oberflächengewässer wird auf der Grundlage eines dominierenden Einflusses des den Steuerungsmechanismen der chemischen Denudation zugänglichen Ausgangsgesteins meteorogen verursacht.Der global mit 0,7 · 109 ta–1 zu berechnende anthropogene Stoffeintrag kann bei konzentrierter Einflußnahme durch Aktivierung und Beschleunigung des unbeeinflußt in geologischen Zeitdimensionen ablaufenden physiogenen Prozesses zu Störungen der Stabilität in hydrologischgeomorphologischen Systemen führen.Mit der Skizzierung der anthropogenen Steuerungsmechanismen zur Kompensation der Folgen einer anthropogenen Intensivierung der physiogenen Prozesse des Ionenabflusses und der chemischen Denudation werden Maßnahmen zur Stabilisierung eines durch anthropogenen Einfluß instabil gewordenen hydrologischgeomorphologischen Systems erörtert.
Protein Digestibility by Khosti Fish Colisa fasciatus (Pisces, Anabantidae) under the Influence of Certain Factors
Authors: Pandey H. S. , Singh R. P. 
Published: July 2021

Protein digestibility was determined via two feeding trials in glass aquaria by the indicator (Chromium oxide) method using a mixture of shrimp powder with oil cake and wheat bran respectively (1: 1 W/W) as food. Analyses of feed were made to calculate the crude protein, carbohydrate, lipid and ash contents. Feces were analysed to determine their total nitrogen and chromium oxide. Protein digestibility was studied in relation to salinity of the medium size and weight of the fish body. The apparent digestibility of crude protein of a corresponding die has shown that 1st: Younger fish do possess a lower capability of protein digestion than fish having a medium weight and medium size; 2nd: Older fish with a high weight and large size exhibit no improvement in efficiency to digest the food protein, though their weight and size are significantly greater than those of middle weight and medium size fish; 3rd: The replacement of oil cake by wheat bran decreases the protein digestibility of shrimp powder mixture with them; 4th: A salinity (NaCl) of the aquatic medium at or above 3 g/l depletes the protein digestibility when fish of the same size were experimented with; but a salinity up to 2 g/l does not result in a significant decrease in the protein digestion rate.
Deep‐learning‐based motion correction in optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Li Ang , Du Congwu , Pan Yingtian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a widely applied tool to image microvascular networks with high spatial resolution and sensitivity. Due to limited imaging speed, the artifacts caused by tissue motion can severely compromise visualization of the microvascular networks and quantification of OCTA images. In this article, we propose a deep‐learning‐based framework to effectively correct motion artifacts and retrieve microvascular architectures. This method comprised two deep neural networks in which the first subnet was applied to distinguish motion corrupted B‐scan images from a volumetric dataset. Based on the classification results, the artifacts could be removed from the en face maximum‐intensity‐projection (MIP) OCTA image. To restore the disturbed vasculature induced by artifact removal, the second subnet, an inpainting neural network, was utilized to reconnect the broken vascular networks. We applied the method to postprocess OCTA images of the microvascular networks in mouse cortex in vivo. Both image comparison and quantitative analysis show that the proposed method can significantly improve OCTA image by efficiently recovering microvasculature from the overwhelming motion artifacts.
Nano/micro implant debris affect osteogenesis by chondrocytes: Comparison between ceramic and UHMWPE from hip walking simulator
Authors: Ben Braham Marwa , Trunfio‐Sfarghiu Ana Maria , Brizuela Leyre , Mebarek Saida , Essefi Ines , Geringer Jean , Berthier Yves , Hamza Samir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA new generation of ceramic on ceramic (BIOLOX ®delta) bearings has emerged more than 10 years ago proving a high resistance to wear and good clinical results. However, biological reactions to wear debris, particularly the nanoparticles, need to be evaluated. The first originality of this study is to start from real wear particles obtained by the hip walking simulator (CERsim). These particles were compared with particles obtained by usual methods to assess the biocompatibility of materials: press machine (CERpress). Two ranges of ceramic particles were thus observed: ceramic particles with micron (intergranular fractures) and nano sizes (intragranular fractures), and characterized compared to ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The second originality of this work is to assess the cellular reaction using the primary joint chondrocyte cultures simulating the osteogenesis process and not the cell lines, which are used to simulate the biological reaction of osteolysis. The first results showed a significant difference in cell viability between the cells in contact with particles from the walking simulator and those obtained with the press machine. On the other hand, it was found that the way of extraction of the particles from the lubricant could significantly affect the biological reaction. More interestingly, nano‐sized ceramic particles showed a significant impact on the secretion of functional inflammatory mediators, agreeing with recent results in vivo. These novel methods of characterizing the osteogenic impact of UHMWPE and ceramic wear debris can complement the conventional expertise method focusing previously on the osteolysis aspect.
Enhanced culturing of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells on surface modified polystyrene Petri dishes fabricated by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system
Authors: Lim Hyuna , Park Yoonsoo , Jang Sujeong , Park Heonyong , Cho Yong Ki , Jung Donggeun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received considerable attention as therapeutic cells for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, because of their ability to replace damaged cells or regenerate surrounding cells. There are many technical difficulties in the mass production of high‐quality stem cells because the stem cells must maintain an efficient proliferative cell state during in vitro culture. The results of this study show that plasma surface‐modification enhanced significantly the culture of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) on the polystyrene (PS) Petri dishes. Ar, O2, pyrrole, and 4,7,10‐trioxa‐1,13‐tridecanediamine (TTDDA) were used as the gas and/or precursors for plasma modification. Specifically, surfaces of PS Petri dishes, coated with plasma polymerized pyrrole (ppPy) and plasma polymerized TTDDA (ppTTDDA) were found to contain amine and carboxyl functional groups, respectively. Ar and O2 plasma‐treated PS Petri dishes have similar culture abilities (±1.2 times) to commercially available tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) dishes, and PS Petri dishes coated with ppPy and ppTTDDA have significantly enhanced culture abilities (2.4 times) at 96 hr compared with TCPS dishes. Western blotting was performed using antibodies against stem cell marker proteins to confirm the stemness properties of stem cells, in the sense that the expressions of the antibody proteins such as CD44, CD73, and CD105 in plasma modified samples were similar to or higher than those in TCPS dishes.
Pyrrole/thiophene π‐bridged two triphenylamine electron donor and substituted thiobarbituric electron acceptor for D‐π‐A‐D‐featured DSSC applications
Authors: Mersal Gaber A. M. , Toghan Arafat , Yahia Ibrahim S. , El‐Sheshtawy Hamdy S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe designed a series of organic dyes based on two triphenylamine units (electron donors), pyrrole/thiophene (π‐bridge) and N‐substituted alkyl thiobarbituric acid (electron acceptors) to construct the D‐π‐A‐D photosensitizer systems. The electronic structures and photophysical properties of the sensitizers were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT). The potential use of the dyes as photosensitizers in DSSCs was explored by calculating the light harvesting efficiency (LHE), electrons driving force injection (ΔGinject), the open‐circuit photovoltage (VOC), and surface interaction with semiconductor (TiO2). From alkyl‐substituted sensitizers, N‐ethyl derivatives TPAA3 and TPAB3 performance for ΔGinject (−1.69 and −1.65 eV) and VOC (1.43, and 1.11 eV) was superior to the other dyes. In addition, the anchoring ability of the N‐substituted alkyl derivatives was higher than the cyanoacrylic dyes.
COVID‐19 partial school closures and mental health problems: A cross‐sectional survey of 11,000 adolescents to determine those most at risk
Authors: Mansfield Karen L. , Newby Danielle , Soneson Emma , Vaci Nemanja , Jindra Christoph , Geulayov Galit , Gallacher John , Fazel Mina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding adolescents' mental health during lockdown and identifying those most at risk is an urgent public health challenge. This study surveyed school pupils across Southern England during the first COVID‐19 school lockdown to investigate situational factors associated with mental health difficulties and how they relate to pupils' access to in‐school educational provision.MethodsA total of 11,765 pupils in years 8–13 completed a survey in June–July 2020, including questions on mental health, risk indicators and access to school provision. Pupils at home were compared to those accessing in‐school provision on risk and contextual factors and mental health outcomes. Multilevel logistic regression analyses compared the effect of eight risk and contextual factors, including access to in‐school provision, on depression, anxiety and self‐reported deterioration in mental wellbeing.ResultsFemales, pupils who had experienced food poverty and those who had previously accessed mental health support were at greatest risk of depression, anxiety and a deterioration in wellbeing. Pupils whose parents were going out to work and those preparing for national examinations in the subsequent school year were also at increased risk. Pupils accessing in‐school provision had poorer mental health, but this was accounted for by the background risk and contextual factors assessed, in line with the allocation of in‐school places to more vulnerable pupils.ConclusionsAlthough the strongest associations with poor mental health during school closures were established risk factors, further contextual factors of particular relevance during lockdown had negative impacts on wellbeing. Identifying those pupils at greatest risk for poor outcomes is critical for ensuring that appropriate educational and social support can be given to pupils either at home or in‐school during subsequent lockdowns.
Naturally‐occurring dietary salicylates in the genesis of functional gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: Pilot study
Authors: Tuck Caroline J , Malakar Sreepurna , Barrett Jacqueline S , Muir Jane G , Gibson Peter R 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimAn elimination‐rechallenge dietary approach targeting naturally‐occurring bioactive chemicals has been proposed to alleviate functional gastrointestinal symptoms. A major focus of this approach is salicylates. This study aimed to address the potential role of dietary salicylates in the induction of symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).MethodsA pilot, double‐blind, randomized, cross‐over trial of 2‐week low‐ versus high‐salicylate diets (6.6 and 27.9 g/day salicylate, respectively) was undertaken. All foods were provided containing minimal quantities of other potential food triggers. Gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms were measured daily using a 100‐mm visual‐analogue‐scale.ResultsTen participants with IBS completed the study, including one with known aspirin‐sensitivity. Overall, no differences in symptoms were observed (P = 0.625; Friedman test). However, clear symptom provocation was seen in the aspirin‐sensitive participant, with all abdominal symptoms and tiredness worsening during the high‐salicylate diet. A similar trend was seen in another participant, where abdominal symptoms gradually worsened during the high‐salicylate diet.ConclusionsThese results provide some evidence that food‐related salicylates may influence the genesis of symptoms in a subset of patients with IBS. A larger cohort is needed to determine the incidence of salicylate‐sensitivity and further evaluate the diet as a potential therapeutic target.The protocol was registered at www.anzctr.org.au (ACTRN12620001250921).
Genetic variants of APEX1 p.Asp148Glu and XRCC1 p.Gln399Arg with the susceptibility of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Saad Ahmad M. , Abdel‐Megied Ahmed E. S. , Elbaz Rizk A. , Hassab El‐Nabi Sobhy E. , Elshazli Rami M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe DNA repair genes have a crucial function in the base excision repair (BER) mechanism among different cancerous disorders, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The foremost objective of this study is to explore the association of genetic variants of the APEX1 p.Asp148Glu and the XRCC1 p.Gln399Arg with the susceptibility of HCC and to identify the computational bioinformatics frameworks of these missense variants. A total of 250 participants were enrolled in this study, including 150 HCC patients and 100 cancer‐free controls. The genomic DNA was characterized and genotyped by applying the PCR‐CTPP method. The frequency of the APEX1 (rs1130409*Glu) allele was statistically significant with increased risk of HCC (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.12–2.45), while the XRCC1 (rs25487*Gln) allele conferred a protection against the progression of HCC (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.42–0.96). Furthermore, HCC patients carrying the APEX1 p.Asp148Glu and the XRCC1 p.Gln399Arg variants indicated no significant difference with the clinical, and laboratory parameters (p > .05). Our findings confirmed that the APEX1 p.Asp148Glu variant was associated with increased risk of HCC, while the XRCC1 p.Gln399Arg variant revealed protection against the development of HCC.
Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria with different muscle assessments including muscle ultrasound with hospitalized internal medicine patients
Authors: Ozturk Yelda , Deniz Olgun , Coteli Suheyla , Unsal Pelin , Dikmeer Ayse , Burkuk Suna , Koca Meltem , Cavusoglu Cagatay , Dogu Burcu Balam , Cankurtaran Mustafa , Halil Meltem 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to identify cutoff values for muscle ultrasound (US) to be used in Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, and to define the effect of reduced muscle mass assessment on malnutrition prevalence at hospital admission.MethodsA total of 118 inpatients were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Six different muscles were evaluated by US. Following defining thresholds for muscle US to predict low muscle mass measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, malnutrition was diagnosed by GLIM criteria with seven approaches, including calf circumference, mid‐upper arm circumference (MAC), handgrip strength (HGS), skeletal muscle index (SMI), rectus femoris (RF) muscle thickness, and cross‐sectional area (CSA) in addition to without using the reduced muscle mass criterion.ResultsThe median age of patients was 64 (18–93) years, 55.9% were female. RF muscle thickness had moderate positive correlations with both HGS (r = 0.572) and SMI (r = 0.405). RF CSA had moderate correlation with HGS (r = 0.567) and low correlation with SMI (r = 0.389). The cutoff thresholds were 11.3 mm (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.835) and 17 mm (AUC = 0.737) for RF muscle thickness and 4 cm² (AUC = 0.937) and 7.2 cm² (AUC = 0.755) for RF CSA in females and males, respectively. Without using the reduced muscle mass criterion, malnutrition prevalence was 46.6%; otherwise, it ranged from 47.5% (using MAC) to 65.2% (using HGS).ConclusionsMuscle US may be used in GLIM criteria. However, muscle US needs a standard measurement technique and specific cutoff values in future studies.
Development of a gas‐phase Raman instrument using a hollow core anti‐resonant tubular fibre
Authors: Brooks William S.M. , Partridge Matthew , Davidson Ian A.K. , Warren Charles , Rushton George , Large Joseph , Wharton Michael , Storey Jonathan , Wheeler Natalie V. , Foster Michael J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVersatile and flexible gas analysis for compositional identification and quantification is a demand found in a variety of diverse sectors. As such, a compact, deployable instrument exhibiting both high specificity and sensitivity is a highly attractive proposition for a wide range of applications. In this paper, we describe a gas phase Raman spectroscopy‐based device using state‐of‐the‐art anti‐resonant (tubular) hollow core micro‐structured optical fibre (HC‐MOF). This fibre architecture allows the use of lengths that are typically longer than have been demonstrated previously, allowing substantially enhanced interaction lengths between the pump laser and the gas sample to be achieved, addressing the sensitivity challenges typically observed in gas‐phase Raman measurements and enabling application for remote sensing in hazardous environments. We describe the successful development of a compact, fibre‐integrated instrument and present results obtained during a test campaign at an industrial laboratory; marking a milestone in gas‐phase Raman spectroscopy. The unique properties of the MOF used allowed a 20‐m length to be utilised, representing a new record length for gas phase Raman measurements. The identification and quantification of a variety of gas species, ranging from simple homonuclear diatomic gases to heteronuclear organic gas species were achieved, and, building on previous studies, the instruments stability, gas concentration linearity response, and the hollow core fibre filling and purging characteristics were investigated.