bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Health Facility Financing in Kenya in the Context of Devolution
Authors: Kairu Angela , Orangi Stacey , Mbuthia Boniface , Ondera Joanne , Ravishankar Nirmala , Barasa Edwine 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: How health facilities are financed affects their performance and health system goals. We examined how health facilities in the public sector are financed in Kenya, within the context of a devolved health system.Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study in five purposely selected counties in Kenya, using a mixed methods approach. We collected data using document reviews and in-depth interviews (no=20). In each county, we interviewed county department of health managers and health facility managers from two and one purposely selected public hospitals and health center respectively. We analyzed qualitive data using thematic analysis and conducted descriptive analysis of quantitative data.Results: Planning and budgeting: Planning and budgeting processes by hospitals and health centers were not standardized across counties. Budgets were not transparent and credible, but rather were regarded as “wish lists” since they did not translate to actual resources. Sources of funds: Public hospitals relied on user fees, while health centers relied on donor funds as their main sources of funding. Funding flows: Hospitals in four of the five study counties had no financial autonomy. Health centers in all study counties had financial autonomy. Flow of funds to hospitals and health centers in all study counties was characterized by unpredictability of amounts and timing. Health facility expenditure: Staff salaries accounted for over 80% of health facility expenditure. This crowded out other expenditure and led to frequent stock outs of essential health commodities. Conclusion: The national and county government should consider improving health facility financing in Kenya by 1) standardizing budgeting and planning processes, 2) transitioning public facility financing away from a reliance on user fees and donor funding 3) reforming public finance management laws and carry out political engagement to facilitate direct facility financing and financial autonomy of public hospitals, and 4) assess health facility resource needs to guide appropriate levels resource allocation.
High-Content Analysis of MicroRNAs Facilitates the Development of Combinatorial Therapies for Vascular Diseases
Authors: Zhang Jian , Starkuviene Vytaute , Erfle Holger , Wang Zhaohui , Gunkel Manuel , Sticht Carsten , Kan Kejia , Gretz Norbert , Rahbari Nuh , Keese Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In response to vascular injury vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) alternate between a differentiated (contractile) and a dedifferentiated (synthetic) state or phenotype. Although parts of the signaling cascade regulating the phenotypic switch have been described, little is known on the role of miRNAs involved. To systematically address this issue, we have established a microscopy-based quantitative assay and identified 23 miRNAs that induced contractile phenotypes when over-expressed. These were then correlated to miRNAs identified from RNA-sequencing when comparing cells in the contractile and synthetic states. Using both approaches, six miRNAs (miR-132-3p, miR-138-5p, miR-141-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-150-5p, and miR-22-3p) were filtered as candidates that induce the phenotypic switch from synthetic to contractile. To identify potentially common regulatory mechanisms of these six miRNAs, their predicted targets were compared with five miRNAs sharing ZBTB20, ZNF704, and EIF4EBP2 as common potential targets and four miRNAs sharing 16 common potential targets. The interaction network consisting of these 19 targets and additional 18 hub targets were created to facilitate validation of miRNA-mRNA interactions by suggesting the most plausible pairs. Furthermore, the information on drug candidates was integrated into the network to predict novel combinatorial therapies that encompass the complexity of miRNAs-mediated regulation. This is the first study that combines phenotypic screening approach with RNA sequencing and bioinformatics to systematically identify miRNAs-mediated pathways and to identify potential drug candidates to positively influence the phenotypic switch of VSMCs.
Study on the Kinematic characteristics of different level jumpers squatting and jumping under different ground
Authors: Hewen Hua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the kinematic differences of different level jumping athletes in the process of squatting on different ground, and to reveal the biomechanical mechanism of the effect of squatting on different ground on training effect.Methods: The subjects were 11 first-class and above jumping athletes (excellent group) and 11 second-class athletes (ordinary group). The kinematic data were photographed by SONYDCRHC52E high-speed camera with a sampling frequency of 50 frames per second, and the data were analyzed by SIMI-Motion three-dimensional motion analysis system. The subjects squatted and jumped on four kinds of ground (force platform, balance pad, gymnastics pad and sand) with their hands on their hips.Results: In the intra-group analysis, it was found that the athletes of different levels squatted and jumped on four different kinds of ground, but there was no significant difference only on the balance pad and gymnastics mat (excellent group p=0.344, ordinary group p=1). In the inter-group analysis, it was found that there were significant differences between different levels of athletes in balance pad (p=0.043) and sand (p=0.02). In the buffering stage of squatting jump, there was no significant difference in the buffering angle displacement of lower limb joints of different athletes on different ground. In the stage of pedal and extension, the angular displacement of ankle on the middle platform of the excellent group was significantly different from that of the balance pad (p=0.014), gymnastics pad (p=0.017) and sand (p=0.013), but in the ordinary group, the ankle angular displacement of the middle platform was only significantly different from that of the gymnastics pad (p= 0.048) and sand (p=0.017), but not significantly different from that of the balance pad (p=0.166). The maximum angular velocity of hip joint of athletes of different levels was significantly different among different ground groups. The maximum angular velocity of ankle joint of common group was significantly different in force platform and sand (p=0.032), gymnastics mat and sand (p=0.008), but there was no significant difference in balance pad.Conclusion: Different places have great influence on the ordinary group, and on the ground with lower elastic coefficient, the maximum angular velocity of the ankle joint in the ordinary group is much smaller than that in the excellent group, which indicates that the rapid contractile ability of ankle muscles in the ordinary group is poor on the ground with low elastic coefficient. When squatting and jumping on the ground with lower elastic coefficient, the excellent group has better body control and coordination and lower joint energy loss, which makes the jumping effect better, while the ordinary group squats and jumps on the ground with low elastic coefficient and unstable ground. the jumping effect is poor.
The Jekyll and Hyde case of Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) in the management of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on tomato plants under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Wari David , Saito Takeshi , Takagi Motonori , Okada Ryo , Miyamoto Takuya , Tezuka Toshiyuki , Shimoda Masami , Ogawara Takashi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The rise of Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) as a natural enemy of various greenhouse pests in protected systems is widely reported around the globe, mainly in the Mediterranean basin, Asia, and North and Central America. In-vitro studies on improving its growth and reproduction using artificial and factitious diets, and banker plants for its breeding and propagation, and the use of violet-light (LEDs) as the attraction mechanism are well established. However, field studies are lacking in integrating these biological control components to promote N. tenuis predation on greenhouse pests. First, we performed toxicity assays in-vitro and in field conditions. Results revealed that neonicotinoids and spinosyns were toxic to N. tenuis. Avermectins & milbemycins, pyridine azomethine derivatives and diamides, in contrast, were less to moderately toxic against N. tenuis but toxic to Bemisia tabaci, a known, widespread greenhouse pest. Field tests under greenhouse conditions were performed to evaluate the role of violet-LEDs in relocating N. tenuis from banker plants to tomato plants and their augmentative effect on the densities of B. tabaci. Results showed that the movement of N. tenuis from banker plants to tomato plants was accelerated when supplemented with violet-LEDs. The accelerated resettlement of N. tenuis on tomato plants aided by selective pesticides significantly reduced B. tabaci egg, nymph and adult densities, densities that were relatively the same compared to those of the greenhouse with conventional pest control strategies. Overall, comparable outcomes in managing a pest are possible when biological control agents are integrated with environmentally safe and cost-effective approaches.
Microarray analysis of novel genes involved in HSV-2 infection
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liu Tao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Herpes simplex virus type 2 infects the body and becomes an incurable and recurring disease. The pathogenesis of HSV-2 infection is not completely clear.Methods: We analyze the GSE18527 dataset in the GEO database in this paper to obtain distinctively displayed genes(DDGs)in the total sequential RNA of the biopsies of normal and lesioned skin groups, healed skin and lesioned skin groups of genital herpes patients, respectively.The related data of 3 cases of normal skin group, 4 cases of lesioned group and 6 cases of healed group were analyzed.The histospecific gene analysis , functional enrichment and protein interaction network analysis of the differential genes were also performed, and the critical components were selected.Results: 40 up-regulated genes and 43 down-regulated genes were isolated by differential performance assay.Histospecific gene analysis of DDGs suggested that the most abundant system for gene expression was the skin, immune system and the nervous system.Through the construction of core gene combinations, protein interaction network analysis and selection of histospecific distribution genes, 17 associated genes were selected：CXCL10,MX1,ISG15,IFIT1,IFIT3,IFIT2,OASL,ISG20,RSAD2,GBP1,IFI44L,DDX58,USP18,CXCL11,GBP5,GBP4 and CXCL9.The above genes are mainly located in the skin, immune system, nervous system and reproductive system.Conclusion:This paper elucidates an effective approach for a new mechanism of HSV-2 infection, and the molecular mechanism of the selected core genes in the process of HSV-2 infection requires future experimental studies.
Integration of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy into the ERAS protocol for Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Bao Yang , Dai Xin , Zhao Deming , Ye Xin , Yao Yao , Kong Lingling , Gui Yang , Gao Qihong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective

We integrated neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) into the protocol for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in the management of gastric cancer. This study was aimed at investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of this combined approach.
Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with gastric cancer undergoing cancer treatment at our Department from January 2016 to June 2019. All patients were compliant with the ERAS protocol perioperatively and were divided into an ERAS group and an ERAS + NAC group for the study. The following parameters were compared between the two groups: TNM staging, the choice of the surgical approach, estimated blood loss, operating time, placement of drainage and catheter, the volume of fluid resuscitation in surgery, the volume of fluid resuscitation on the first postoperative day, time to postoperative ambulation, time to first postoperative flatulence, time to first clear liquid diet, time to puree and soft food diet, time of catheter removal, length of hospitalization after surgery, length of hospitalization, complications, mortality, and 30-day readmission rate.
Results

This study involved 198 patients who were separated into an ERAS group with 143 patients and an ERAS + NAC group with 55 patients. In comparison with the ERAS group, patients in the ERAS + NAC group were not only pathologically diagnosed with later TNM-stage cancers but were also more likely to undergo total gastrectomy. Further comparison revealed no significant differences in all perioperative parameters related to ERAS. In the ERAS group, the length of hospitalization after surgery was 7.5 ± 5.4 days with a range of 3 to 50 days, the length of hospitalization was 12.5 ± 5.5 days with a range of 9 to 56 days, the incidence rate of complications was 11.2%, and the 30-day readmission rate was zero. In the ERAS + NAC group, the LOHAS was 6.9 ± 3.2 days (4–16 days), the LOH was 11.8 ± 3.1 days (5–21 days), and the complication rate was 10.9%. Both groups had zero 30-day readmission rates and zero deaths.
Conclusion

The ERAS protocol can be feasibly and effectively applied to gastric cancer patients with later TNM stages. Moreover, NAC can be integrated into the ERAS protocol for patients with advanced gastric cancer.
2020 Annual Demographic Survey of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorder Nurse Specialists
Authors: Williams Susan , Tsui David , Zeppel Dr Melanie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurological disorder after dementia in Australia (Deloitte, 2015). The complexities of caring for a person with Parkinson’s disease highlights the need for Parkinson’s disease and movement disorder nurse specialists (PDMDNS) (Bramble, Carroll, & Rossiter, 2018).
The Australasian Neuroscience Nurses Association’s (ANNA) Movement Disorder Chapter (MDC) aims to implement an annual demographic survey over the next 10 years to capture the characteristics of the PDMDNS cohort, identify gaps in service provision and aid the workforce planning through useful and influential data.
The results of this survey were able to highlight the geographical areas that are underserviced, the diverse employment opportunities available and the issues around financial funding for PDMDNS positions in Australia.
Specific roles of sodium for the formation process of manganese-substituted octacalcium phosphate
Authors: Sugiura Yuki , Horie Masanori , Tsuchiya Akira , Makita Yoji 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the field of biomaterials, octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and biocompatible elements doped with OCP-based materials are attractive materials for new bone substitution because they could be used to control the bone remodeling process in patients with bone diseases. Manganese (Mn) might be a good substitutional element candidate because of its regulation process of bone remodeling for controlling osteo-cellular activities. However, Mn strongly inhibits OCP formation. This study demonstrates that the sodium (Na)-induced OCP formation enhancing the HPO4-OH layer structure of the OCP can overcome this Mn inhibition effect. The Mn-substituted OCP can be fabricated from the coexisting solutions of Na and Mn. The results show that the Mn-substituted OCP-induced Na (OCP-Mn,Na) showed a 4.7° peak in the X-ray diffraction pattern. The sub-peaks at 9.2° and 9.7° of the OCP disappeared, but an extra peak at 9.3° was observed. The thermal stability of the OCP-Mn,Na was significantly lower than that of the conventional OCP because the layer structure of the OCP-Mn,Na decomposed above ~70 °C. This ionic conjugation to Mn is a unique phenomenon for Na, unlike other cations.
To Vaccinate or not to Vaccinate; That is the Question! (New
Insights into COVID-19 Vaccination)
Authors: El-Nakeep Sarah 
Published: May 2021

Aim:
This mini-review of literature aimed to discuss the obstacles and
benefits of vaccination in the era of the current pandemic, either the COVID-19 vaccines,
which are on their way to be released, or the influenza vaccines, regarding which much
debate is ongoing concerning their effectiveness for ameliorating the severity of the
COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology:
A literature search was done till November 2020 in the PubMed
database.

Results:
Pathophysiology behind the COVID-19 vaccination, the related obstacles and
future perspectives are discussed in detail. Discussion on influenza vaccination during
the pandemic, along with the most recent guidelines, is also presented.

Conclusions:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, influenza vaccination is mandatory for all
individuals, provided that there are no contraindications. Three SARS-CoV-2 vaccines
are being released till the time being, while FDA approval for monoclonal antibodies for
the treatment of at-risk outpatients to lower hospitalization rates is ongoing.
STUDENTS’ RESPONSE TOWARD THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MINDOMO IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT AT THE SEVENTH GRADE THE STUDENTS IN CIMAHI
Authors: Novianti Annisa , Kareviati Evie 
Published: May 2021

This study aims to describe students' responses toward the implementation of Mindomo in writing description text at seventh-grade students in Cimahi. This study used descriptive qualitative methods. The participant of the study is 33 students’ junior high school in Cimahi. The result of this study showed that the implementation of Mindomo in teaching writing descriptive text gave positive responses to 81,80%. This positive response was shown with the enthusiasm of students during the learning process. Aspects of attention get the largest average score of around 24.54, which shows students are more interested in the learning process of writing using the Mindomo application. Besides, the aspect of confidence and satisfaction get the lowest score 12, it can be seen that the students are lack of confidence and have a fear of writing.
TEACING TENSES IN WRITING A SCIENTIFIC PAPER THROUGH PEER TEACHING METHOD FOR FINAL YEAR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN COVID-19 ERA
Authors: Mu'man Mu'man , Yana Yana , Iskandar Yogi 
Published: May 2021

The ability to write a research article is one of students’ obligation that must be mastered because final year university students are always faced to the final project especially writing an article to be published in national journal as one of the requirement to pass or graduate from the campus where she/he lectures. This research aims to identify the errors of using tenses in students’ articles. This research used the method of qualitative descriptive with test – pre-test and post-test as an instrument. Pre-test was done to measure how students understand the tenses with the functions while post-test was done after the result of pre-test needed to continue to the treatment in order to have a high good writing quality. After treatment was conducted, two groups still left three errors consisting of 33 from group 1 and 44 from group 3, and three groups left two errors consisting of 46 from group 2, 29 from group 4, and 15 from group five. From the result of post-test can be decided that peer teaching method is very effective to overcome students’ problem especially in understanding or mastering the use of tense in a research article. Keywords: Peer Teaching, Tenses, Scientific Paper
INFLECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESS IN TEACHING MORPHOSYNTAX THROUGH ONLINE LEARNING
Authors: Efransyah Efransyah , Kurnia Helsa Feby , Ildafiar Nalistya Zoheska 
Published: May 2021

Inflectional is the smallest part of morphosyntax but it becomes important because it is the basic knowledge that students have to comprehend in learning and producing correct sentence. To understand them, the students have to learn it through virtual learning in COVID-19 pandemic era which has changed the way of teaching and learning process especially in Morphosyntax. This research aimed to explore the types and the students’ difficulties in understanding inflectional process of morphology. This research used descriptive qualitative method to describe and to analyze the data. To collect the data, the researchers used two kinds of instruments namely pre-test, post-test, and interview. The population in this research consist of two classes from English Education Study Program at the fifth semester at IKIP Siliwangi.The result showed that the student mostly found the types of inflectional process namely plural form, 3rd singular person, past tense, progressive, comparative and superlative correctly while participle both in present and past tense form are mostly found incorrectly for they are having the higher function which are having similarity as verb progressive and as adjective at the same time. To understand the difference of the both function, the students are demanded to recognize well the structure of both. Keywords: Inflectional Process, Morphosyntax, Online Learning
Ergonomic assessment of veterinarians during performance of bovine reproductive examinations
Authors: Reist Robyn M. , Bath Brenna L. , Jelinski Murray D. , Erickson Nathan E. N. , Clark Chris R. , Trask Catherine M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To identify and quantify potential ergonomic hazards associated with routine reproductive examinations of cattle.

SAMPLE
7 bovine veterinarians.

PROCEDURES
Each veterinarian was observed and videotaped during 2 bovine reproductive examination appointments. During each appointment, a force-matching protocol was used to estimate the entry force used by the veterinarian to insert an arm into a cow's rectum. Veterinarian posture and repetitive movements and the work environment were assessed and quantified during review of the video recordings. Descriptive data were generated.

RESULTS
Of the 14 appointments observed, 9 and 5 involved examination of beef and dairy cows, respectively. For all veterinarians, an arm inclination ≥ 60° was observed during most reproductive examinations. The number of examinations performed per hour ranged from 19.1 to 116.8. The estimated entry force ranged from 121 to 349 N. During all 9 appointments involving beef cows, the veterinarian participated in other tasks (eg, operating overhead levers, opening gates, or assisting with cattle handling) that represented ergonomic hazards.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results confirmed that reproductive examination of cattle exposes veterinarians to various ergonomic hazards involving awkward positions and repetitive and forceful exertions that can contribute to musculoskeletal discomfort and injury, particularly of the upper extremities (neck, shoulders, upper back, arms, elbows, wrists, and hands). Veterinarians frequently participated in other tasks during reproductive examination appointments that exposed them to additional ergonomic hazards. Risk mitigation strategies should prioritize minimizing exposure of veterinarians to tasks not directly associated with the reproductive examination procedure to decrease their overall ergonomic hazard burden.