bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical manifestation and phenotypic analysis of novel gene mutation in 28 Chinese children with hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Xie Fei , Lei Lei , Cai Bin , Gan Lu , Gao Yu , Liu Xiaoying , Zhou Lin , Jiang Jinjin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeObjective to summarize the clinical features and laboratory findings of 28 Chinese children with hereditary spherocytosis (HS), and analyze these mutations.MethodCollected and analyzed the clinical data of all children and their parents, and completed the relevant laboratory examinations of all children. Analyzed the sequence of related genes by second‐generation sequencing technology, and verified the suspected mutations by Sanger sequencing method. Analyzed all biological information using the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database, the 1000 Human Genome Project, and the Exosome Aggregation Consortium.ResultNew mutations were detected in the HS coding region of 28 children. Among them, there were 13 cases (46.4%) with ANK1 mutation, 10 cases (35.7%) with SPTB mutation, three cases (10.7%) with SLC4A1 mutation, and two cases (7.2%) with SPTA1 mutation. All mutations cause amino acid changes in the coding gene, as well as subsequent changes in protein structure or loss of function.ConclusionAll the newly discovered gene coding region mutation sites detected are the suspected pathogenic causes of the 28 Chinese children. At the same time, the second‐generation gene sequencing technology is an effective means to diagnose HS. Different mutation types and different mutation regions have no significant correlation with the severity of anemia. The novel gene mutation sites in 28 children studied in this paper have not yet been included in the human genome database, dbSNP (v138), or ExAC database. The new gene mutations found in HS children can provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the genetic causes of HS in Chinese children.
Printed concave‐like slot for bandwidth enhancement of inset‐fed patch antenna on metallic surfaces
Authors: Olokede Seyi Stephen , Deif Sameir , Daneshmand Mojgan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractsA rectangular patch antenna design with fundamental TM100 mode for on‐metal applications is presented. The patch is excited by an inset‐fed microstrip feedline and optimized for better performance by varying the inset‐fed parameters. The patch is then loaded with a circular slot of radius Ry at its center to create additional resonance at TM11 mode. The radius Ry is varied to elongate the circular slot into biconcave shape, to increase its electrical length. Thus, manipulating TM11 mode with respect to TM100 mode to achieve wideband by combining the two resonances using overlap technique. Equations of the resonance of the circular slot is stated and so is the surface area of the biconcave. The resulting antenna is etched on a 130 μm‐thick RO3003 microwave laminate and stamped on a metallic pipe cladding using the pipe as the metallic ground. The realized bandwidth is enhanced by 13% with reasonable achieved directivity. The simulated and measured results agreed reasonably with marginal discrepancy.
Diffusion interactions between crossing fibers of the brain
Authors: Buldyrev Sergey V. , Meng Xiangyi , Reese Timothy G. , Mortazavi Farzad , Rosene Douglas L. , Stanley H. Eugene , Wedeen Van J. 
Published: February 2021

PurposeRecent observations of several preferred orientations of diffusion in deep white matter may indicate either (a) that axons in different directions are independently bundled in thick sheets and function noninteractively, or more interestingly, (b) that the axons are closely interwoven and would exhibit branching and sharp turns. This study aims to investigate whether the dependence of dMRI Q‐ball signal on the interpulse time can decode the smaller‐than‐voxel‐size brain structure, in particular, to distinguish scenarios (a) and (b).MethodsHigh‐resolution Q‐ball images of a healthy brain taken with s/mm2 for 3 different values of were analyzed. The exchange of water molecules between crossing fibers was characterized by the fourth Fourier coefficient of the signal profile in the plane of crossing. To interpret the empirical results, a model consisting of differently oriented parallel sheets of cylinders was developed. Diffusion of water molecules inside and outside cylinders was simulated by the Monte Carlo method.ResultsSimulations predict that , agreeing with the empirical results, must increase with for large b‐values, but may peak at a typical that depends on the thickness of the cylinder sheets for intermediate b‐values. Thus, the thickness of axon layers in voxels with 2 predominant orientations can be detected from empirical taken at smaller b‐values.ConclusionBased on the simulation results, recommendations are made on how to design a dMRI experiment with optimal b‐value and range of in order to measure the thickness of axon sheets in the white matter, hence to distinguish (a) and (b).
Research on global optimization method for multiple AGV collision avoidance in hybrid path
Authors: Cao Xiaohua , Zhu Meng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDue to the increasing number of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) in the multi‐AGV system and the limitation of working environment, path conflicts often occur in the working process of AGVs, which affects the working efficiency of the multi‐AGV system. Thus, a optimization method by arranging the AGVs' traffic sequence is proposed in this paper. First, an AGV working map is reconstructed with graph theory, and then the corresponding collision avoidance rules are formulated for different types of conflicts. In multi‐AGV system, each collision avoidance decision has an impact on the efficiency of the system, so it is crucial to adopt appropriate decisions. To optimize the decisions, the system fitness of different collision avoidance decisions are calculated based on the global state of the system, and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize the decisions. Furthermore, the PSO algorithm is improved by planning the direction of particle motion in the solution space and introducing mutation operation, so as to improve the search ability of the particle in the solution space. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm, an experiment system is built based on. NET platform. Results show that the IPSO algorithm than the traditional algorithms experimental performs better. The IPSO algorithm can effectively reduce congestion caused by path conflict and enhance the efficiency of the multi‐AGV system.
A systematic review of pharmacologic therapies for the cardiomyopathy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Kipke Jasmine , Birnkrant David J. , Jin Justin B. , Aneja Ashish , Bahler Robert C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a systematic review of studies evaluating pharmacologic therapies for the cardiomyopathy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase were searched through October 8, 2020. Articles were selected using pre‐determined criteria; 26 underwent detailed review by two co‐authors. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa scoring system (NOS); GRADE assessment evaluated their overall clinical importance.ResultsThere were few randomized controlled trials. Two of four trials of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or ACEI plus beta‐blockers (BB) found improved LV function. Two of two randomized trials of aldosterone antagonists (AA), when added to ACEI and BB therapy, demonstrated less decline of LV circumferential strain over 1 year of treatment. Observational studies of ACEI and BB had differing patient ages, symptomatology, cohort size, study duration and baseline heart function. LV function, assessed via unblinded imaging, was the most frequent outcome measure. LV dysfunction improved in some trials but was unconfirmed in others. Class IV heart failure patients had transient improvement of symptoms and LVEF. Most NOS scores reflected a low level of study quality. The Grade certainty rating, used for the summation of studies, was between “low” and “moderate.”ConclusionRandomized trial evidence was inconsistent that either ACEI or BB or their combination improve LV function and/or alter progressive LV dysfunction. When ACEI and BB therapy are initiated for symptomatic Class IV heart failure, symptoms and LVEF improve transiently. AAs retard the rate of decline of LV function when initiated in younger DMD patients.
Diagnosis and management of aspiration using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in a Pediatric Pulmonology Unit
Authors: Aguirregomezcorta Fernando R. , Osona Borja , Peña‐Zarza Jose A. , Gil Jose A. , Vetter‐Laracy Susanne , Frontera Guiem , Figuerola Joan , Bover‐Bauza Catalina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSwallowing disorders lead to chronic lung aspiration. Early detection and treatment of aspiration in children with dysphagia are important to prevent lung damage. Diagnosis of aspiration, which may be silent, requires an instrumental study such as fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). Despite its usefulness, it is rarely practiced by pediatric pulmonologists. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and utility of FEES performed in the pediatric respiratory unit of a tertiary hospital, analyze the clinical characteristics, endoscopic findings and proposed treatments, and identify the factors associated with penetration or aspiration.MethodsMedical records of 373 children with suspected aspiration who were referred to the pediatric respiratory unit for FEES were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical characteristics, FEES findings, and the proposed treatments were analyzed.ResultsLaryngeal penetration/aspiration was seen in 47.9% of the patients. The most common associated conditions were neurological disease and prematurity. The most frequently observed endoscopic finding was altered laryngeal sensitivity (36.5%). Intervention was recommended in 54.2% of the patients. Complications were not seen during any of the procedures. The multivariate logistic regression model revealed an independent association between aspiration and alterations in laryngeal sensitivity (odds ratio [OR], 5.68), pharyngeal pooling (OR, 11.47), and post‐swallowing food residues (OR, 8.08).ConclusionsThe FEES procedure performed by pediatric pulmonologists is a reliable method for diagnosing aspiration in children. It can be safely executed by trained pulmonologists, and significant endoscopic signs other than aspiration can guide in the diagnosis and management recommendations.
Natural closing of a tracheal tear caused by intubation in a patient with relapsing polychondritis
Authors: Handa Hiroshi , Azagami Shinya , Mineshita Masamichi 
Published: February 2021

Key messageRelapsing polychondritis (RP) often develops into severe tracheobronchial stenosis with malacia. Although tracheal tears rarely occur by intubation, treatment decisions for tears can be difficult due to airway inflammation in RP patients. In this case, due to advanced age and immunosuppressive treatment, we decided against invasive surgery.
Total extractable phosphorus in flooded soil as affected by struvite and other fertilizer‐phosphorus sources
Authors: Anderson Ryder , Brye Kristofor R. , Kekedy‐Nagy Laszlo , Greenlee Lauren , Gbur Edward , Roberts Trent L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA sustainable P source is imperative to ensure that food production can supply a growing global population. Wastewater‐recovered struvite (MgNH4PO4 · 6H2O) has emerged as an attractive option because of the ability to recover P from waste streams. This study aimed to evaluate total extractable soil P from electrochemically precipitated struvite (ECST) compared with other fertilizer‐P sources [chemically precipitated struvite (CPST), diammonium phosphate (DAP), and rock phosphate] in two soil textures (two different silt loams and a silty clay loam) over time in a flooded soil environment. An equivalent fertilizer rate of 24.5 kg P ha–1 was used. The change in water‐soluble (WS) and Mehlich‐3 (M3)‐extractable nutrient concentrations (P, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe) from their initial concentrations was determined five times over a 4‐mo period. After 0.5 mo, WS‐P increased the most from the initial value with DAP (27.6 mg kg–1), which did not differ from CPST or ECST. After 0.5 mo, M3‐P increased the most in ECST (82 mg kg–1), which did not differ from DAP. After 1 mo and thereafter under flooded conditions, M3‐P increased the most from the initial value and was similar among ECST, CPST, and DAP. After 3 and 4 mo, WS‐P was greater than the initial value in DAP only, but remained similar to CPST, ECST, and rock phosphate, which did not differ from the initial value. Comparable WS‐ and M3‐P concentrations among ECST, CPST, and DAP under flooded conditions support struvite's agronomic potential as a prospective sustainable fertilizer‐P source.
Advances in Metal Halide Perovskite Film Preparation: The Role of Anti‐Solvent Treatment
Authors: Sun Jianguo , Li Fangchao , Yuan Jianyu , Ma Wanli 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the past decade, hybrid organic‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention. Since then, the power conversion efficiency has astonishingly reached to 25.5%, situating perovskites at the forefront of all reported solution‐processed photovoltaic materials. The research of PSCs has reached a stage where efficiency, stability, and cost need to be simultaneously considered before reaching the threshold for large‐scale commercialization. In this article, the recent progress in fabricating high‐quality perovskite thin‐films adopting “anti‐solvent” strategy is reviewed and the established nucleation and crystal growth mechanisms during the treatment process is discussed. In addition, present challenges and further opportunities of the anti‐solvent methodology toward efficient and large‐scale PSCs are highlighted. The continuous efforts dedicated to the development of anti‐solvent treatment for fabricating high‐performance large‐area devices may pave the way toward commercial applications of PSCs in the near future.
Effects of supplementing sow diets during late gestation with Pennisetum purpureum on antioxidant indices, immune parameters and faecal microbiota
Authors: Huang Peng‐Fei , Mou Qi , Yang Ying , Li Jia‐Ming , Xu Ming‐Lang , Huang Jing , Li Jian‐Zhong , Yang Huan‐Sheng , Liang Xiao‐Xiao , Yin Yu‐Long 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of adding Pennisetum purpureum (P. purpureum, also known as Napier grass or elephant grass) to the diets of late gestation on the antioxidant indexes, immune indexes and faecal microbiota of sows. At the 90 days of gestation, 300 healthy sows were randomly divided into three groups, and they received the basic commercial diet or added 5% P. purpureum and 10% P. purpureum, respectively. The experiment started from 90 days of gestation to parturition. The results showed that the total antioxidant capacity, immunoglobulins and serum equol concentrations of sows on 100 days of gestation and at parturition increased linearly (p < .05) with the increase of the content of P. purpureum in the gestation diet. The 5% P. purpureum increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (p = .027) and Actinobacteria (p < .001) at phylum level, Coriobacteriaceae (p < .001) at family level and Prevotellaceae_UCG_001 (p = .004) at genus level, and decreased the relative abundance of Escherichia_Shigella (p < .001) at genus level. In summary, this study shows that the additive of P. purpureum can increase the concentration of serum equol, improve the antioxidant capacity and immune function of sow in late gestation. In addition, the additive of 5% P. purpureum in the diet might change the composition of intestinal microbiota of sows, particularly the relative abundance of Coriobacteriaceae (p < .001) increased.
Introduction
Authors: Möst Dominik , Schreiber Steffi , Jakob Martin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe future energy system in Europe needs to be decarbonized and thus be based almost exclusively on renewable energy sources. Therefore it is challenged by the intermittent nature of renewables and requires several flexibility options. The interaction between different options and the impact on environment and society are in the focus of this contribution. It is the core objective of this book to analyze and evaluate the development toward a low-carbon energy system with focus on flexibility options in the EU to support the implementation of the Strategy Energy Technology Plan. The analyses are based on a bottom-up modeling environment that considers current and future energy technologies, policy measures and their impact on environment and society while considering technological learning of low-carbon and flexibility technologies.
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
Authors: Möst Dominik , Herbst Andrea , Jakob Martin , Poganietz Witold-Roger , Schreiber Steffi , Zöphel Christoph 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis chapter summarizes insights and measures to decarbonize the European energy system until the year 2050, as analyzed in the previous 15 chapters, and emphasizes the considerable efforts required to coordinate and govern the targeted energy transition. With increasing aspiration regarding the targeted climate policy the more marked are the required efforts. The reference scenario Mod-RES seems to be well achievable from today’s perspective, while much more additional efforts have to be taken to achieve the more ambitious High-RES scenarios. However, even the High-RES scenarios are less aspiring compared to the aims defined in the European Green Deal. Finally, this chapter highlights conclusions and policy recommendations for a cross-sectoral decarbonization as well as for its resulting environmental, social and health impacts.
Scenario Storyline in Context of Decarbonization Pathways for a Future European Energy System
Authors: Herbst Andrea , Schreiber Steffi , Poganietz Witold-Roger , Martino Angelo , Möst Dominik 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis chapter presents a qualitative description of the scenario storylines for the REFLEX project. The scenario descriptions provide the overall qualitative framework for the modeling activities by setting-up two holistic socio-technical scenarios based on different storylines: the moderate renewable scenario (Mod–RES) as reference scenario and the (de-)centralized high renewable scenarios (High–RES) as ambitious policy scenarios. The chapter highlights the definition of main techno-economic framework parameters, macro-economic and societal drivers as well as of the considered political environment.
Model Coupling Approach for the Analysis of the Future European Energy System
Authors: Kunze Robert , Schreiber Steffi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn REFLEX ten different bottom-up simulation tools, fundamental energy system models, and approaches for life cycle assessment are coupled to a comprehensive Energy Models System. This Energy Models System allows an in–depth analysis and simultaneously a holistic evaluation of the development toward a low–carbon European energy system with focus on flexibility options up to the year 2050. Different variables are exchanged among the individual models within the Energy Models System. For a consistent analysis, relevant framework and scenario data need to be harmonized between the models.
Natural Competence and Horizontal Gene Transfer in Campylobacter
Authors: Golz Julia Carolin , Stingl Kerstin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThermophilic Campylobacter, in particular Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli and C. lari are the main relevant Campylobacter species for human infections. Due to their high capacity of genetic exchange by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), rapid adaptation to changing environmental and host conditions contribute to successful spreading and persistence of these foodborne pathogens. However, extensive HGT can exert dangerous side effects for the bacterium, such as the incorporation of gene fragments leading to disturbed gene functions. Here we discuss mechanisms of HGT, notably natural transformation, conjugation and bacteriophage transduction and limiting regulatory strategies of gene transfer. In particular, we summarize the current knowledge on how the DNA macromolecule is exchanged between single cells. Mechanisms to stimulate and to limit HGT obviously coevolved and maintained an optimal balance. Chromosomal rearrangements and incorporation of harmful mutations are risk factors for survival and can result in drastic loss of fitness. In Campylobacter, the restricted recognition and preferential uptake of free DNA from relatives are mediated by a short methylated DNA pattern and not by a classical DNA uptake sequence as found in other bacteria. A class two CRISPR-Cas system is present but also other DNases and restriction–modification systems appear to be important for Campylobacter genome integrity. Several lytic and integrated bacteriophages have been identified, which contribute to genome diversity. Furthermore, we focus on the impact of gene transfer on the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (resistome) and persistence factors. We discuss remaining open questions in the HGT field, supposed to be answered in the future by current technologies like whole-genome sequencing and single-cell approaches.
Introduction to Social Work, Sociometry, and Psychodrama
Authors: Giacomucci Scott 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis introductory chapter provides context for the content covered in the rest of the book. Background on the evolution of the book and increased social work attention to psychodrama is offered while also defining the basic concepts of sociometry, psychodrama, and social work with groups. The importance of considering differences between cultures, populations, and countries is highlighted, especially as it relates to scope of practice of the social work field which varies between countries. Specifics of chapter topics are overviewed with suggestions to the reader on how to approach this book. Though the book explicitly focuses on social work, many other professionals will find this publication useful including group therapists, counselors, psychologists, creative arts therapists, psychodramatists, community workers, supervisors, and professors.
Essentials of Psychodrama Practice
Authors: Giacomucci Scott 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe essentials of psychodrama practice are covered in depth within this chapter. Fourteen core psychodrama interventions or techniques are described with corresponding depictions of their use within psychodrama group sessions. The psychodrama techniques of doubling, mirroring, and role reversal are presented with their relationship to Moreno’s developmental theory. Considerations for the application of psychodrama interventions on teletherapy is also provided. Various types of psychodrama scenes are described with reference to the Psychodramatic Spiral and the Hollander Curve. The processes of closure, de-roling, and sharing at the end of a psychodrama enactment are outlined.
Other Experiential Approaches Similar to Psychodrama
Authors: Giacomucci Scott 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis chapter will briefly introduce further methods that Moreno created related to psychodrama, as well as other approaches similar to psychodrama but developed by others. Social microscopy and sociodrama will be outlined pertaining to Moreno’s additional dramatic approaches. Axiodrama, monodrama, autodrama, ethnodrama, bibliodrama, and teledrama each will be introduced as other dramatic approaches based on psychodrama. Drama therapy, gestalt therapy, Playback Theater, Theater of the Oppressed, Internal Family SystemsTherapy, Pesso Boyden System Psychomotor Therapy, and family/systemic constellations will each be briefly presented with their similarities and differences to psychodrama.