bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-year efficacy and safety of erenumab in participants with episodic migraine and 2–4 prior preventive treatment failures: results from the LIBERTY study
Authors: Ferrari Michel Dominique , Reuter Uwe , Goadsby Peter J , Paiva da Silva Lima Gabriel , Mondal Subhayan , Wen Shihua , Tenenbaum Nadia , Pandhi Shaloo , Lanteri-Minet Michel , Stites Tracy 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate individual and group long-term efficacy and safety of erenumab in individuals with episodic migraine (EM) for whom 2–4 prior preventatives had failed.MethodsParticipants completing the 12-week double-blind treatment phase (DBTP) of the LIBERTY study could continue into an open-label extension phase (OLEP) receiving erenumab 140 mg monthly for up to 3 years. Main outcomes assessed at week 112 were: ≥50%, ≥75% and 100% reduction in monthly migraine days (MMD) as group responder rate and individual responder rates, MMD change from baseline, safety and tolerability.ResultsOverall 240/246 (97.6%) entered the OLEP (118 continuing erenumab, 122 switching from placebo). In total 181/240 (75.4%) reached 112 weeks, 24.6% discontinued, mainly due to lack of efficacy (44.0%), participant decision (37.0%) and adverse events (AEs; 12.0%). The ≥50% responder rate was 57.2% (99/173) at 112 weeks. Of ≥50% responders at the end of the DBTP, 36/52 (69.2%) remained responders at ≥50% and 22/52 (42.3%) at >80% of visits. Of the non-responders at the end of the DBTP, 60/185 (32.4%) converted to ≥50% responders in at least half the visits and 24/185 (13.0%) converted to ≥50% responders in >80% of visits. Change from baseline at 112 weeks in mean (SD) MMD was −4.2 (5.0) days. Common AEs (≥10%) were nasopharyngitis, influenza and back pain.ConclusionsEfficacy was sustained over 112 weeks in individuals with difficult-to-treat EM for whom 2–4 prior migraine preventives had failed. Erenumab treatment was safe and well tolerated, in-line with previous studies.Trial registration numberNCT03096834
Variations in cigarette brand characteristics: can consumers tell the difference?
Authors: Pennings Jeroen L A , Ferris Wayne Geoffrey , Klerx Walther N M , Pauwels Charlotte G G M , Talhout Reinskje 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesSensory experience is an important determinant of smoking initiation, brand choice and harm perception, but little is known about how cigarette design shapes sensory experience. This study reports which variations in tobacco blend and design characteristics available on the market are likely to be perceived as different by consumers.MethodsTruth Tobacco Industry Documents was reviewed for studies showing noticeable sensory differences resulting from variations in tobacco blend and design characteristics. These differences were compared with tobacco product data as available in the Dutch section of the European Common Entry Gate (EU-CEG) system on 30 April 2020.ResultsIndustry documents identified discrimination thresholds for ventilation, pressure drop, tobacco weight, filter length, and tar and nicotine levels in smoke while evidence for other design characteristics was less conclusive. In the 103 different cigarette varieties in the EU-CEG database, five main types of cigarettes could be identified by principal component analysis, differing in (combinations of) design characteristics. The most significant differences between brand varieties were tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide emissions and associated parameters filter ventilation, filter length, cigarette length and tobacco weight.ConclusionsWhile some clusters of brand varieties provided a noticeably different product for consumers, in many cases design differences within these clusters did not exceed the expected discrimination threshold. This indicates that many products on the market are not discernibly different for consumers, and that proliferation of brand varieties has a non-sensory purpose, such as marketing. Policy makers should consider limiting available brand varieties and regulating design characteristics to reduce product appeal.
Exception from informed consent trials: social-media-based community consultation campaigns are representative of target communities
Authors: Farley Paige , Stephens Shannon W , Crowley Brandon , Collins Sean P , Wong Monica D , Panas Ashley B , Dennis Bradley M , Richmond Neal , Inaba Kenji , Brown Karen N , Holcomb John B , Jansen Jan O 
Published: November 2021

Background‘Community consultation’ (CC) is a key step when conducting Exception From Informed Consent research. Social-media-based CC has been shown to reach more people than traditional methods, but it is unclear whether those reached are representative of the community as a whole.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of the CC performed in preparation for the PHOXSTAT trial. Social media advertisement campaigns were conducted in the catchment areas of the three participating trauma centers and evaluated by examining Facebook user statistics. We compared these data to georeferenced population data obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. We examined variations in the proportion of each age group reached, by gender.ResultsOur social media advertisements reached a total of 332 081 individuals in Los Angeles, Birmingham, and Nashville. Although there were differences in the proportion of individuals reached within each age group and gender groups, compared with the population in each area, these were small (within 5%). In Birmingham, participants 55 to 64 years old, 25 to 34 years old, and females 18 to 24 years old were slightly over-represented (a larger proportion of individuals in this age group were reached by the social media campaign, compared with the population resident in this area). In contrast, in Nashville, female participants 45 to 64 years old, and males 25 to 64 years old were over-represented. In Los Angeles, females 45 to 64 years old, and males 25 to 64 years and over were over-represented.DiscussionIn conclusion, this study demonstrates that social media CC campaigns can be used to reach a sample of the community broadly representative of the population as a whole, in terms of age and gender. This finding is helpful to IRBs and investigators, as it lends further support to the use of social media to conduct CC. Further work is needed to analyze how representative community samples are in terms of other characteristics, such as race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.Level III evidenceEconomic & Value-based Evaluations.
Non-Fickian diffusion in viscous aerosol particles
Authors: Preston Thomas C. 
Published: November 2021

Slow condensed phase diffusion in organic aerosol particles can impede many chemical and physical processes associated with atmospheric aerosol (e.g., gas-particle equilibrium partitioning). The characteristic times associated with these high viscosity particles are typically modelled using a concentration-dependent diffusivity within a purely Fickian framework. In that model, the medium in which diffusion is taking place is treated as being inviscid as far as mass transport is concerned. In this report, we investigate the validity of assuming that the viscosity is equal to zero by using a transport model that includes viscous pressure gradients. It is found that the effect of viscosity is negligible for particles with radii that are larger than 100 nm, but below that radius, it can delay water uptake and loss by orders of magnitude for physically realistic viscosities. However, if the Stokes–Einstein relation is obeyed, then viscosity can be ignored, even for nanosized particles. In addition to numerical calculations, a dimensionless Deborah number is defined that indicates the significance of Fickian diffusion compared with the rheological response during water transport.
Small-scale field evaluation of geochemical blending of waste rock to mitigate acid rock drainage potential
Authors: Day Stephen J. 
Published: November 2021

Blending of potentially acid generating (PAG) waste rock with non-PAG waste rock to create a rock mixture which performs as non-PAG is a possible approach to permanent prevention of acid rock drainage (ARD) for PAG waste rock. In 2012, a field weathering study using 300 kg samples was implemented at Teck Coal's Quintette Project located in northeastern British Columbia, Canada to test the prevention of acid generation in the PAG waste rock by dissolved carbonate leached from overlying non-PAG waste rock and direct neutralization of acidic water from PAG waste rock by contact with non-PAG waste rock.
After eight years of monitoring the experiments, the layered non-PAG on PAG barrels provided proof-of-concept that as the thickness of the PAG layer increases relative to the thickness of the non-PAG layers, acidic waters are more likely to be produced. The PAG on non-PAG layering has resulted in non-acidic water and no indications of metal leaching despite accelerated oxidation in the PAG layer shown by sulfate loadings. The study has demonstrated that the scale of heterogeneity of PAG and non-PAG materials is a critical consideration for providing certainty that rock blends designed to be non-PAG will perform as non-PAG in perpetuity. This is contrary to the standard paradigm in which an excess of acid-consuming minerals is often considered sufficient alone to ensure ARD is not produced.
Combining Graph Convolutional Neural Networks and Label Propagation
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Leskovec Jure 
Published: November 2021

Label Propagation Algorithm (LPA) and Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (GCN) are both message passing algorithms on graphs. Both solve the task of node classification, but LPA propagates node label information across the edges of the graph, while GCN propagates and transforms node feature information. However, while conceptually similar, theoretical relationship between LPA and GCN has not yet been systematically investigated. Moreover, it is unclear how LPA and GCN can be combined under a unified framework to improve the performance. Here we study the relationship between LPA and GCN in terms of
feature/label influence
, in which we characterize how much the initial feature/label of one node influences the final feature/label of another node in GCN/LPA. Based on our theoretical analysis, we propose an end-to-end model that combines GCN and LPA. In our unified model, edge weights are learnable, and the LPA serves as regularization to assist the GCN in learning proper edge weights that lead to improved performance. Our model can also be seen as learning the weights of edges based on node labels, which is more direct and efficient than existing feature-based attention models or topology-based diffusion models. In a number of experiments for semi-supervised node classification and knowledge-graph-aware recommendation, our model shows superiority over state-of-the-art baselines.
Field Localization and Density Cavitation in Low-Beta Plasmas
Authors: Rinawa Motilal , Chauhan Prashant , Kumar Sintu , Singh Manoj Kumar , Singh Hari Kumar , Sharma Amit , Sharma R. P. 
Published: November 2021

In the present paper, filamentous structure formation, associated turbulent spectrum, and density cavity formation phenomena have been investigated for low-β plasma β≪me/mi applicable to the auroral region. A set of dimensionless equations governing the dynamics of three dimensionally propagating inertial Alfvén wave (3D-IAW) and perpendicularly propagating magnetosonic wave (PMSW) has been developed. Ponderomotive force due to 3D-IAW has been included in the dynamics of the PMSW. Numerical simulation has been performed to study the nonlinear coupling of these two waves. From the obtained results, we found that the field intensity localization takes place which may further lead to the additional dissipation/turbulence process for particle heating and acceleration in space plasma. The associated turbulent spectrum is obtained with scaling nearly k−4.28 at smaller scales (in the dissipation range). Relevance of the obtained results with the observations reported by various spacecrafts such as Hawkeye and Heos 2 has been discussed. Also, density fluctuations (depletion) of ∼0.10 n0 are calculated, which are consistent with the FAST spacecraft observation reported.
MAIN INDICATORS OF THE OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE FORCE OF THE RESPIRATORY MUSCLES IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
Authors: Bereznyakov V. I. 
Published: November 2021

Background. Currently, pneumonia ranks 4-5 rate in the world in the structure of death causes after cardiovascular and cancer diseases, cerebrovascular pathology, injuries and poisonings.
Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the indicators of the oxidative-antioxidant system and their relationship with the strength of the respiratory muscles in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
Methods. The study was carried out in the period 2017-2020 on the basis of the therapeutic department of the Municipal non-profit enterprise "City Clinical Multidisciplinary Hospital № 25" of Kharkiv City Council. The study involved 52 adult patients with CAP aged 18 to 80 years. The control group consisted of 20 apparently healthy humans. It was determinated the activity of malondialdehyde, catalase and superoxide dismutase, level of reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. The assessment of the RM strength was investigated by recording the maximum static pressures at the level of the mouth and nose with “closed” airways using a MicroRPM apparatus on the 1st and 10th days of illness.
Results. Dysfunction of expiratory respiratory muscles prevailed in patients with non-severe CAP, and inspiratory respiratory muscles in patients with severe CAP. Were established significant negative correlations of malondialdehyde with indicators of respiratory muscles strength and positive correlations with glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase.
Conclusions. The presence of relationships between pro- and antioxidant indicators and respiratory muscles strength complements the concept of the body's systemic response on pulmonary inflammation – one of the markers of respiratory muscles dysfunction.
KEYWORDS: community-acquired pneumonia, respiratory muscles, oxidative-antioxidant system.
RADIATION EXPOSURE IN ACCESSORY PATHWAY ABLATION PROCEDURES IN CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Ali M. , Banavalikar B. , Ghadei M. K. , Kottayan A. , Padmanabhan D. , Shenthar J. 
Published: November 2021

Background. Radiofrequency catheter ablation (CA) has been the treatment of choice in patients with accessory pathway (AP)-mediated tachycardias. Most of these procedures are done under fluoroscopic guidance, leading to significant radiation exposure to the patient and the laboratory personnel. In this analysis, we have looked at the amount of radiation exposure in AP CA procedures performed without the support of a three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping system. We have analyzed changes in exposure indices over the study period and the impact of change in fluoroscopy frame rate (FFR).
Objectives. The objectives of this study are to quantify radiation exposure in accessory pathway ablation procedures; to analyze the radiation exposure trend over time; and to evaluate the effect of fluoroscopy frame rate reduction on the radiation exposure indices in these procedures.
Methods. All the AP ablation procedures performed at our institute from January 2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The collected data were age, sex, location of APs based on successful site of ablation on fluoroscopy, procedure time, fluoroscopy time, and dose-area product (DAP). Effective dose (ED) was estimated from DAP. The data of procedures performed before January 2018 (“pre” group) were compared with those of the procedures performed after that date (“post” group). Pre-group procedures were performed at an FFR of 7.5 frames per second (fps), and post-group procedures – at an FFR of 3.75 fps.
Results. The total number of procedures included in the analysis was 635. The mean age of the patients was 39±14 years, and 401 of them (63%) were males. The most common location of the APs was left lateral (38%). Procedure time and radiation indices showed a significant decrease over the study period (p < 0.001). Post group procedures had significantly shorter procedure time and lower radiation exposure than pre group procedures.
Conclusions. A decrease in the FFR was associated with a significant reduction in radiation exposure in AP ablation procedures
DYNAMICS OF FREQUENCY AND PECULIARITIES OF THE STRUCTURE OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS IN SOUTH UKRAINE (MONITORING STUDY)
Authors: Lanovenko O. 
Published: November 2021

Background. In Ukraine, the unfavorable demographic situation makes monitoring of the birth rate of children with congenital malformations urgent issue to identify regional features of epidemiology and develop methods for prenatal diagnosis and prognosis.
Objective. Objective of this study is to characterize the frequency dynamics, to identify structural features of congenital malformations of newborns in Kherson region over a 20-year period (2000-2019) and to compare the prevalence of various nosological forms of malformations in the region, in Ukraine and in European countries.
Methods. Research methods: epidemiological, medical-statistical.
Results. In Kherson region, the average frequency of congenital malformations over the past 20 years is: for newborns – 31.57±1.25‰; for live births – 31.38±1.11‰; for stillborns – 197.7±0.65 per 10,000. In the structure of defects, cardiovascular malformations are leading (31.77%), musculoskeletal malformations (25.14%), genital malformations (17.5%). Increased prevalence of developmental anomalies in the region is mainly associated with an increase in the frequency of model malformations recorded by EUROCAT (r=0.69, p<0.05). The increase in the total frequency of congenital malformations is caused by increased number of births of children with cardiovascular defects (by 4.67‰), genital defects (by 1.21‰), other congenital malformations (by 1.55‰), multiple malformations (by 0.37‰).
Conclusion. Monitoring results showed an increase in congenital malformations incidence in Kherson region over a 20-year period by 7.94‰ possibly caused by population decline due to negative natural and mechanical growth. The prevalence of hereditary defects is at the same level. The frequency of some nosological forms significantly exceeds in the region compare to that in Ukraine and Europe: cardiovascular defects – in 1.5 times, genital malformations – in nearly 3 times, musculoskeletal defects – almost twice.
Los actos performativos y la construcción de los acontecimientos en la performance
Authors: Suárez Andrés Felipe Restrepo 
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es vincular teorías filosóficas sobre “los enunciados performativos” a las obras de arte Leap into the Void de Yves Klein y Action Pants: Genital Panic de VALIE EXPORT, para analizar formas divergentes en que son accionados los acontecimientos en la performance. De acuerdo con las teorías sobre los enunciados performativos propuestas por John Austin y Jacques Derrida, es posible establecer el poder que tiene el artista para definir lo real por medio de sus discursos visuales y dialécticos, cuando la acción se estructura a partir de una documentación previamente construida, que consigue ser real y legítima ante la institución del arte. Tal y como se evidencia en las obras de Klein y EXPORT a través del difuso tránsito de una performance simulada y una performance realizada en un “agora”.
On Periodization: What Does "Post-Duchamp" Mean?
Authors: Duve Thierry de 
Published: November 2021

When we speak of a post-Duchamp art world, we raise a particularly vexing periodization problem. Marcel Duchamp’s readymades, and the famous/infamous urinal titled Fountain in particular, have signaled that a sea change has occurred in the art world, which was not a change in styles but rather in aesthetic regimes, not a change in art movements but rather in art institutions, a change which, mutatis mutandis, is as radical as the passage from monarchy to republic, yet a change which art history books have not recorded yet, as such. Without addressing it in full, my paper recalls the steps that made me aware of this periodization problem.
Field variations in mass at metamorphosis in a stream frog, Odorrana splendida, and their relationship with the stream environment
Authors: Iwai Noriko , Yasumiba Kiyomi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Animals with complex life cycles, such as amphibians, shift their habitats when they metamorphose. Metamorphosing traits (e.g., size at, and timing of, metamorphosis) at an early stage can affect the growth, reproduction, and survival in the adult stage. Thus, metamorphosing traits are important factors that affect the fitness of the individuals. Although size at metamorphosis in the field has been investigated in amphibians, its relationship with environmental factors has been scarce. We aimed to quantify variations in the mass at metamorphosis of a stream frog, Odorrana splendida, among multiple streams, and show the relationship of these variations with environmental conditions. We searched for metamorphs in 11 field streams and measured their body size. We then examined the relationship between environmental conditions of each stream and the mass at metamorphosis to reveal the factors determining the mass. We found 229 metamorphs over three years. The estimated mass at metamorphosis ranged from 0.17 g to 1.44 g, with a coefficient of variation among streams of 0.38. The size at metamorphosis significantly differed among streams, and was found to be positively affected by water temperature and chlorophyll a concentration, and negatively affected by altitude, slope gradient, and the number of adult calls. We showed that O. splendida has a large variation in mass at metamorphosis within and among natural streams. A lower mass at metamorphosis may correlate with scarce food resources in the stream and higher competition during the larval stages, resulting from a higher number of mating adults.