bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential bacterial endophytome in Foc‐resistant banana cultivar displays enhanced antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc)
Authors: Ravi Saravanan , Sevugapperumal Nakkeeran , Nallusamy Saranya , Shanmugam Haripriya , Mathiyazhagan Kavino , Rangasamy Anandham , Akkanna Subbiah Krishnamoorthy , Varagur Ganesan Malathi 
Published: October 2021

SummaryDiverse endophytes with multiple functions exist in different banana cultivars. However, the diversity of cultivable bacterial endophytome that contributes to antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) in resistant and susceptible banana cultivars is mostly unknown. In the present study, we isolated bacterial endophytes from resistant Yengambi KM5 (AAA) and susceptible banana cultivar Ney Poovan (AB) to determine the diversity of cultivable bacterial endophytes. Our study revealed the presence of 56 cultivable bacterial endophytes and 6 nectar‐associated bacteria in YKM5 and 31 cultivable bacterial endophytes in Ney Poovan. The identified cultivable bacterial genera in YKM5 included Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Azotobacter, Acinetobacter, Agrobacterium, Bacillus, Brucella, Brevundimonas, Brachybacterium, Beijerinckia, Klebsiella, Leclercia, Lysinibacillus, Myroides, Ochrobactrum, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Stenotrophomonas, Serratia, and Verticiella. In Ney Poovan, the cultivable endophytic bacterial genera present were Agrobacterium, Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Lysinibacillus, Micrococcus, Ochrobactrum, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Sphingobium. Thus, the composition and diversity of cultivable endophytic bacterial genera were higher in Foc‐resistant YKM5. The antifungal efficacy of bacterial endophytes Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum YEBPT2 (65.5%), Brucella melitensis YEBPS3 (63.3%), Bacillus velezensis YEBBR6 (63.3%), and nectar‐associated Bacillus albus YEBN2 (61.1%) from YKM5 showed the highest antifungal activity against Foc, compared with the antifungal activity of endophytes from the susceptible cultivar.
Adaptation of the polony technique to quantify Gokushovirinae, a diverse group of single‐stranded DNA phage
Authors: Sawaya Natalie A. , Baran Nava , Mahank Shelby , Varsani Arvind , Lindell Debbie , Breitbart Mya 
Published: October 2021

SummaryAdvances in metagenomics have revealed the ubiquity of single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) phage belonging to the subfamily Gokushovirinae in the oceans; however, the abundance and ecological roles of this group are unknown. Here, we quantify gokushoviruses through adaptation of the polony method, in which viral template DNA is immobilized in a gel, amplified by PCR, and subsequently detected by hybridization. Primers and probes for this assay were designed based on PCR amplicon diversity of gokushovirus major capsid protein gene sequences from a depth profile in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea sampled in September 2015. At ≥95% identity, these 87 gokushovirus sequences formed 14 discrete clusters with the largest clades showing distinct depth distributions. The application of the polony method enabled the first quantification of gokushoviruses in any environment. The gokushoviruses were most abundant in the upper 40 m of the stratified water column, with a subsurface peak in abundance of 1.26 × 105 viruses ml−1. These findings suggest that discrete gokushovirus genotypes infect bacterial hosts that differentially partition in the water column. Since the designed primers and probe are conserved across marine ecosystems, this polony method can be applied broadly for the quantification of gokushoviruses throughout the global oceans.
Do politicians anticipate voter control? A comparative study of representatives’ accountability beliefs
Authors: SOONTJENS KAROLIN 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRepresentation literature is rife with the assumption that politicians are responsive to voter preferences because their re‐election is contingent upon the approval of those voters, approval that can be won by furthering their desires or, similarly, that can be threatened by ignoring their wishes. Hence, scholars argue that the anticipation of electoral accountability by politicians constitutes a crucial guarantor of (policy) responsiveness; as long as politicians believe that voters are aware of what they do and will take it into account on election day, they are expected to work hard at keeping these voters satisfied. If, on the other hand, politicians were to think what they say and do is inconsequential for citizens’ voting behaviour, they may see leeway to ignore their preferences. In this study, we therefore examine whether politicians anticipate electoral accountability in the first place. In particular, we ask 782 Members of Parliament in Belgium, Germany, Canada and Switzerland in a face‐to‐face survey about the anticipation of voter control; whether they believe that voters are aware of their behaviour in parliament and their personal policy positions, are able to evaluate the outcomes of their political work, and, finally, whether this knowledge affects their vote choice. We find that a sizable number of MPs believe that voters are aware of what they do and say and take that into account at the ballot box. Still, this general image of rather strong anticipation of voter control hides considerable variation; politicians in party‐centred systems (in Belgium and some politicians in Germany that are elected on closed party lists), anticipate less voter control compared to politicians in more candidate‐centred systems (Canada and Switzerland). Within these countries, we find that populist politicians are more convinced that voters know about their political actions and take this knowledge into account in elections; it seems that politicians who take pride in being close to voters (and their preferences), also feel more monitored by these voters. Finally, we show that politicians’ views of voter control do not reflect the likelihood that they might be held to account; politicians whose behaviour is more visible and whose policy profile should therefore be better known to voters do not feel the weight of voter control more strongly.
Determination of average vehicle speed utilizing reverse projection
Authors: Bruehs Walter E. , Stout Dorothy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReverse projection photogrammetry has long been used to estimate the height of an individual in forensic video examinations. A natural extrapolation would be to apply the same technique on a video to estimate the speed of an object by determining the distance traveled between two points over a set amount of time. To test this theory, five digital video recorders (DVRs) were connected to a single fixed camera to record a vehicle traveling down a track. The vehicle's speed was measured through Doppler radar by a trained operator and the speedometer of the vehicle was also recorded with a video camera. The recorded video was examined and the frames that best depict the beginning and end of the vehicles course were selected. Two reverse projection photogrammetric examinations were performed on the selected frames to establish the position of the vehicle. The distance between the two points was measured, and the time elapsed between the two points was examined. The outcome provided an accurate speed result with a standard degree of uncertainty. This study proves the feasibility of using video data and reverse projection photogrammetry to determine the speed of a vehicle with a limited set of variables. Further research is needed to determine how additional variables would impact the standard degree of uncertainty.
Classification modeling method for hyperspectral stamp‐pad ink data based on one‐dimensional convolutional neural network
Authors: Wang Shuyue , He Hongyuan , Lv Rulin , He Weiwen , Li Chunyu , Cai Nengbin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the questioned document, the examination of stamp‐pad ink is crucial scientific evidence to discern the difference between genuine and forged documents. In this study, a new method for rapid and non‐destructive identification of types of stamp‐pad inks by combining hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology and deep learning was developed. Twenty stamp‐pad inks of different brands and models were collected and numbered in turn, and then, each of them was sealed six times repeatedly on the A4 printing paper for the test. After that, the hyperspectral imager was used to collect the hyperspectral images and the reflectance spectral data were obtained after pixel fusion. Principal component analysis (PCA) and non‐negative matrix factorization (NMF) were used to deal with the dataset, but visual results were not good. Then, back propagation neural network (BPNN) and one‐dimensional convolutional neural network (1D‐CNN) were constructed and their merits and drawbacks were compared. The final loss function of the BPNN of training set and validation set was stable at 0.27 and 0.42, and the classification accuracy of the training set and validation set reached 90.02% and 83.99%, respectively. Compared with the BPNN, the 1D‐CNN had better stability and efficiency for the classification. The loss function of the training set and validation set was as low as 0.068 and 0.075, and the final classification accuracy reached 98.30% and 97.94%, respectively. Therefore, the combination of hyperspectral imaging technology and 1D‐CNN represents a potentially simple, non‐destructive, and rapid method for stamp‐pad inks detection and classification.
Pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes in China during 2004 to 2014: A retrospective study (the CARNATION Study)
Authors: Luo Sihui , Ran Xingwu , Zhang Mei , Hu Ji , Yang Daizhi , Zhu Dalong , Zhao Jiajun , Xiao Xinhua , Guo Xiaohui , Yang Tao , Huang Qin , Liu Fang , Jing Lu , Ma Jing , Zhou Xinli , Ping Fan , Gu Nan , Li Wenwen , Yang Yaling , Fang Chen , Bao Wei , Zheng Xueying , Yan Jinhua , Zhou Zhiguang , Weng Jianping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to report pregnancy outcomes of women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in China, on which data were sparse.MethodsThis is a nationwide retrospective study conducted in 11 general medical centers in 8 cities across China. We investigated the clinical data of all women who attended these centers with a singleton pregnancy and whose pregnancy ended between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2014. Pregnancies of women with pregestational T1D were ascertained and compared with those of women without T1D.ResultsFrom over 300 000 pregnancies over the 11‐year study period, we identified 265 singleton pregnancies of women with T1D. One maternal death was documented among 265 (0.37%) women with T1D and 83 among 318 486 (0.03%) women without T1D. Women with T1D suffered from higher rates of pregnancy loss (13.21% vs 2.92%, crude risk ratio [cRR] 5.08 [95% CI, 3.56‐7.26]) and preeclampsia (17.74% vs 4.20%, cRR 4.94 [95% CI, 3.60‐6.77]) compared with those without T1D. Infants of these women with T1D had elevated rates of neonatal death (5.65% vs 0.16%, cRR 37.36 [95% CI, 21.21‐65.82]) and congenital malformation(s) (8.26% vs 3.53%, cRR 2.46 [95% CI, 1.54‐3.93]) compared with those of women without T1D. No significant improvement in pregnancy outcomes in women with T1D was observed over the period 2004 to 2014.ConclusionsPregnancy outcomes were persistently poor in women with T1D during 2004 to 2014 in China. Pregnancy care needs to be improved to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes among Chinese women with T1D.
Efficacy and safety of apatinib alone or apatinib plus paclitaxel/docetaxel versus paclitaxel/docetaxel in the treatment of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Zhe , Liu Zhibao , Wu Yuanyuan , Li Huarui , Sun Zhen , Han Chenggang , Zhang Xiaoling , Zhang Jinghua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the efficacy and safety of apatinib alone or apatinib plus paclitaxel/docetaxel versus paclitaxel/docetaxel in the treatment of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through pooling of open published data.MethodsThe electronic databases of Medline (1960–2021.5), Cochrane central register of controlled trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE(1980–2021.5) and Wan fang (1986–2021.5) were systematically searched by two reviewers to identify the relevant clinical trials related to the above subject. The objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and drug relevant adverse reactions were pooled and demonstrated by risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The statistical heterogeneity across studies was assessed by I‐square test. The publication bias was evaluated by Egger's line regression test and demonstrated by Begg's funnel plot.ResultsEleven prospective studies were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled results indicated that the ORR (RR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.32–2.00, p < 0.05) and DCR (RR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.18–1.41, p < 0.05) of apatinib alone or apatinib plus paclitaxel/docetaxel was significantly higher than that of the paclitaxel/docetaxel group for advanced NSCLC, respectively. The drug‐related adverse reaction was not statistically different between apatinib alone or apatinib plus paclitaxel/docetaxel with regard to the hand‐foot syndrome, gastrointestinal reaction, thrombocytopenia, anemia and leukocytopenia (pall > 0.05) except for hypertension (RR = 3.60, 95% CI: 1.26–10.31, p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis also indicated that the hypertension and hand‐foot syndrome in apatinib + paclitaxel/docetaxel were higher than that of the paclitaxel/docetaxel group with a statistical difference (p < 0.05).ConclusionsApatinib alone or apatinib plus paclitaxel/docetaxel was superior to paclitaxel/docetaxel for ORR and DCR. However, combined treatment with apatinib appears to increase the risk of a patient developing an adverse reaction, especially hypertension and hand‐foot syndrome.
Small cell transformation of non‐small cell lung cancer under immunotherapy: Case series and literature review
Authors: Imakita Takuma , Fujita Kohei , Kanai Osamu , Okamura Misato , Hashimoto Masayuki , Nakatani Koichi , Sawai Satoru , Mio Tadashi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn advanced lung cancer treatment, immunotherapy provides durable responses in some patients. However, other patients experience progressive disease and the resistance mechanisms to immunotherapy have yet been fully elucidated. Small cell transformation of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is commonly recognized as one of the resistance mechanisms to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR‐mutant NSCLC treatment. As a resistant mechanism for immunotherapy, we report the first case of small cell transformation in 2017. Since then, eight similar cases have been reported and the concept of small cell transformation is now becoming more prevalent as a mechanism of immunotherapy resistance. In our facility, we have experienced four cases of small cell transformation after immunotherapy (including the reported case in 2017). The histology of each primary tumor was squamous cell carcinoma, large cell type neuroendocrine carcinoma, or poorly differentiated NSCLC. None had driver gene mutations. Nivolumab was administered in all four cases and atezolizumab was administered as a next line to nivolumab treatment in one case. The best response to immunotherapy was partial response or stable disease. There was a wide range of periods from the start of immunotherapy to confirmation of small cell transformation (from 2 weeks to almost 3 years). In conclusion, small cell transformation is an important resistance mechanism in cancer immunotherapy. When NSCLC progresses after immunotherapy, the possibility of small cell transformation and rebiopsy should always be encouraged, as it leads to clarification of the resistance mechanisms and frequency.
Reflective practice in nursing: A concept analysis
Authors: Patel Kiran M. , Metersky Kateryna 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to clarify the concept of reflective practice in nursing by using Rodgers' evolutionary method of concept analysis.Data sourcesLiterature and references on the concept of reflective practice were obtained from two databases: Scopus and Nursing and Allied health database. Peer‐reviewed articles published in English language between 2011‐2021 that included the terms ‘reflection’ and/or ‘reflective practice’ in the title were selected. Seminal pieces of work were also considered in this analysis. A total of 23 works were included. Most of the selected works addressed the concept of reflective practice in nursing education or nursing practice.Data synthesisThe data analysis integrated the stages identified in Rodgers' method of concept analysis to analyze the concept of reflective practice. Analysis of selected works provided an understanding of common surrogates, antecedents, attributes, and consequences of the concept of reflective practice.ConclusionsReflective practice is a cognitive skill that demands conscious effort to look at a situation with an awareness of own beliefs, values, and practice enabling nurses to learn from experiences, incorporate that learning in improving patient care outcomes. It also leads to knowledge development in nursing. Considering the current circumstances of the COVID‐19 pandemic, this paper identifies the need for nurses to go beyond reflection‐on‐action and also include reflection‐in‐action and reflection‐for‐action as part of their practice.Implications for nursing practiceThis analysis identifies the need for future nursing researchers to develop reflective models or strategies that promote reflection among nurses and nursing students before, during, and after the clinical experiences.
Ethanol interaction with α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in neurons of the laterodorsal tegmentum
Authors: Abburi Chandrika , McDaid John 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play a key role in the rewarding effects of ethanol (EtOH), and while several nAChR subtypes have been implicated, attention has recently shifted to a role for the α3β4 nAChR. The laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTg), a brainstem cholinergic nucleus that sends excitatory projections to the ventral tegmental area, is an Integral part of the brain reward pathway. Here we investigate a potential role for LDTg α3β4 nAChRs in EtOH self‐administration and reward.MethodsSprague‐Dawley rats were given ad libitum access to a 20% EtOH solution, as part of a two‐bottle choice paradigm. Approximately 1 week after removal of EtOH access, we measured LDTg α3β4 nAChR current responses to focal application of acetylcholine (ACh), using whole‐cell patch clamp electrophysiology recordings in acute brain slices. In addition, we used whole‐cell electrophysiology to assess the acute effects of EtOH on the sensitivity of LDTg α3β4 nAChRs.ResultsFocal application of ACh onto LDTg neurons resulted in large α3β4 nAChR‐mediated inward currents, the magnitude of which showed a positive correlation with levels of EtOH self‐administration. In addition, using brain slices taken from EtOH‐naïve rats, bath application of EtOH resulted in a moderate potentiation of LDTg α3β4 nAChR sensitivity.ConclusionsUsing a rat model, increased α3β4 nAChR function was associated with greater EtOH self‐administration, with α3β4 nAChR function also acutely potentiated by EtOH. Assuming that similar findings apply to humans, the α3β4 nAChR could be a therapeutic target in the treatment of EtOH use disorder.
Do naloxone access laws affect perceived risk of heroin use? Evidence from national US data
Authors: Kelly Brian C. , Vuolo Mike 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsWhether expanded access to naloxone reduces perceptions of risk about opioid use has been subject to debate. Our aim was to assess how implementation of naloxone access laws shapes perceived risk of heroin use.DesignUsing data from the restricted‐access National Survey on Drug Use and Health, Prescription Drug Abuse Policy System and the US Census, we applied two‐way fixed‐effects models to determine whether naloxone access laws decreased perceived risk of any heroin use or regular heroin use. We used Bayes factors (BFs) to confirm evidence for null findings.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsA total of 884 800 respondents aged 12 and older from 2004 to 2016.MeasurementsA binary indicator of whether a state implemented naloxone access laws was regressed on respondent‐perceived risk of (1) any heroin use and (2) regular heroin use. Ratings of perceived risk were assessed on a scale of 1 (none) to 4 (great risk).FindingsIn all instances, the BFs support evidence for the null hypothesis. Across models with three distinct specifications of naloxone access laws, we found no evidence of decreased risk perceptions, as confirmed by BFs ranging from 0.009 to 0.057. Across models of specific vulnerable subgroups, such as people who use opioids (BFs = 0.039–0.225) or young people (BFs = 0.009–0.158), we found no evidence of decreased risk perceptions. Across diverse subpopulations by gender (BFs = 0.011–0.083), socio‐economic status (BFs = 0.015–0.168) or race/ethnicity (BFs = 0.016–0.094), we found no evidence of decreased risk perceptions.ConclusionsThere appears to be no empirical evidence that implementation of naloxone access laws has adversely affected perceptions of risk of heroin in the broader US population or within vulnerable subgroups or diverse subpopulations.
Apical extrusion of sodium hypochlorite in immature teeth: comparison of three different cleaning protocols
Authors: Takagi Brenda Ai Refosco , Kopper Patrícia Maria Poli , Luz Luciana , Luisi Simone Bonato , Scarparo Roberta Kochenborger 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study compared standard needle irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation, XP‐Endo Finisher and Easy Clean in the apical extrusion of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in a model simulating immature teeth. Ten bovine teeth were maintained in suspension in a container with the apical portion in contact with 0.2% agarose gel containing 0.1% metacresol purple. The canals were irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl, according to each irrigation protocol. After 3 min, apical extrusion of NaOCl was observed by the colour gel change when in contact with NaOCl. The containers were photographed, and the NaOCl extrusion area was measured. All protocols showed NaOCl extrusion, providing similar area (P > 0.05). Considering the similarity among the studied protocols, all of them can be considered during the endodontic treatment of immature teeth. Further studies on the particularities of immature teeth should be performed to evaluate cell viability, cleaning efficiency, disinfection capacity and dentin removal promoted by the irrigation protocols.
Disinfection of dentinal tubules with diclofenac sodium and N‐Acetylcysteine compared with calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Adl Alireza , Motamedifar Mohammad , Malekzadeh Parastoo , Sedigh‐Shams Mahdi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the disinfection of dentinal tubules with diclofenac sodium (DS), N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) and calcium hydroxide (CH). Contaminated dentinal blocks were divided into two control and seven experimental groups (n = 15): CH, DS, NAC, CH + 5% DS, 50% CH + 50% DS, CH + 5% NAC and 50% CH + 50% NAC. After seven days, dentine debris was obtained from two depths of 100 and 200 µm. The bacterial load was assessed by counting the number of colony‐forming units (CFUs). Pure DS exhibited maximum antibacterial activity at both depths. At 200 µm, it showed statistically significant differences with all the other groups (P < 0.05). Mixing CH with either 5% or 50% of DS and NAC did not increase the antibacterial efficacy (P > 0.05). Pure DS was most effective in disinfecting dentinal tubules, and mixing CH with DS or NAC is not recommended.