bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity of indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis isolates toxic to the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Plutellidae: Lepidoptera)
Authors: Navya R. Naga Sri , Balasubramani V. , Raveendran M. , Murugan M. , Lakshmanan A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Toxins from the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacterium are employed as an alternative to synthetic pesticides in pest management. The greatest threat to the long-term viability of Bt toxins is resistance evolution in the target pests. Genetic diversity and toxicity of Bt isolates were studied in this work in order to find Bt isolates with novel cry genes.

Results
In terms of colony morphology, among a total of 60 isolates, 51 isolates had off-white colour colonies with typical fried egg appearance, irregular shape, flat and undulate margin. Different crystal shapes, viz. spherical (88.13%), bipyramidal (49.15%), cuboidal (42.37%), rectangular, and crystals attached to spores (3.38%) were observed among Bt isolates. SDS-PAGE analysis of spore crystal mixture showed the presence of proteins with various molecular weights ranging from 124 to 26 kDa. PCR screening with cry1, cry2, cry9 and vip3A1 primers showed isolates with varied insecticidal gene combinations. Bt isolates containing cry1 genes were found to be abundant (30), followed by cry2 (9) and vip3A1 (9). Cry9 was absent in all the 60 isolates tested. Insecticidal activity of spore crystal mixtures ranged from 0 to 100% mortality. Furthermore, 12 isolates were found to be highly toxic against the larvae of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Plutellidae: Lepidoptera) with 100% mortality, at 25 µg/ml in leaf disc bioassay.

Conclusions
The present work established the diversity of Bt isolates and confirmed the importance of continuous exploration of new Bt isolates for novel genes. Further, research needs to be carried out to unveil the hidden potential of these toxic isolates.
Spinal biopsies: a clinicopathologic review of 53 cases diagnosed between 2011 and 2018 at a tertiary hospital in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Yahaya James J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Early diagnosis of spinal cord neoplasia serves patients from developing a number of complications and even death.

Methods
After obtaining ethical approval, retrospectively, a total of 53 tissue blocks of patients attended at the spinal ward were reviewed. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0, and p value of less than 0.05 was applied to establish the existence of statistical significance between the compared categorical variables.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 30.7 ± 15.96 years. Most of the patients 32.1% (n = 17) were aged ≤ 19 years, and majority of the neoplasia 77.3% (n = 41) were extramedullary. Also, majority of the neoplasia 60.4% (n = 32) were benign and the malignant ones were 35.8% (n = 19). The mean duration of onset of symptoms for benign and malignant neoplasia in this study was 13.1 ± 16.4 and 3.4 ± 2.8 years, respectively, with statistical difference (95% CI 2.09–17.35, p = 0.014).

Conclusion
The patients with spinal cord neoplasia in the present study were of young age, and majority of them had benign neoplasia that were extramedullary located. The mean duration of onset of symptoms for patients with malignant neoplasia was significantly shorter than that of benign neoplasia.
Use and effectiveness of Pioneer re-entry device for subintimal true lumen re-entry: single-centre data and a review of the literature
Authors: Tsitsiou Yvonne , Ekpe Jadesola , Harris Laura , Kashef Elika , Hamady Mohamad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction
During subintimal angioplasty (SIA), it is not always possible to re-enter the vessel lumen due to a variety of factors. Recanalization using hydrophilic wires and catheters alone, apart from its potential technical failure, is also limited by minimal control over the re-entry point. This is frequently well beyond the point of occlusion, thus often compromising important collaterals. In order to bypass the obstruction and attain controlled re-entry into the lumen of the diseased vessel, a re-entry device (RED) may be required. This paper assesses our centre’s experience with the safety and efficacy of the Pioneer re-entry system and systematically reviews the pertinent literature.

Method
A single centre retrospective study of subintimal angioplasty involving the use of the Pioneer Plus intravascular guided reentry catheter was performed. Patient demographics including age, gender, risk factors, comorbidities clinical indication and complications were recorded. Lesion characteristics, including location and severity of calcification were also assessed.
A systematic literature review of all reported studies where the Pioneer RED was used for iliac and lower limb revascularization was conducted by 2 of the authors using the PubMed (MEDLINE) and EMBASE databases.

Results
The study comprised 30 cases. Technical success was 97%. A small, quickly resolved extravasation was the only device related complication. These results are in line with the systematic review which identified 16 studies using the Pioneer RED, reporting a technical success rate of 87.4–100% (median = 100%) and complication rate of 0–25.8% (median = 0%). However, due to heterogeneity in definitions of technical success, data was not pooled.
Understanding therapists’ perceived determinants of trauma narrative use
Authors: Frank Hannah E. , Last Briana S. , AlRabiah Reem , Fishman Jessica , Rudd Brittany N. , Kratz Hilary E. , Harker Colleen , Fernandez-Marcote Sara , Jackson Kamilah , Comeau Carrie , Shoyinka Sosunmolu , Beidas Rinad S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTrauma narratives are a critical, exposure-based component of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, yet community therapists rarely use them. Given evidence that intentions to deliver elements of cognitive behavioral therapy vary by component, and that intentions to deliver exposure are the weakest, this study focused specifically on trauma narratives. We drew on a social psychology causal theory (Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)) and an implementation science framework (the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)) to glean insight into multilevel influences on trauma narrative use. While the CFIR offers a broad list of factors potentially affecting implementation, the TPB offers causal pathways between individual-level constructs that predict behavior, including the uptake of an evidence-based intervention. The integration of these approaches may provide a more complete understanding of factors affecting therapists’ use of TNs.MethodsTherapists (n=65) trained in trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy completed a survey about their use of and beliefs about trauma narratives. Content analysis was used to identify common beliefs about trauma narratives. A subset of participants (n=17) completed follow-up qualitative interviews, which were analyzed using an integrated approach informed by the CFIR.ResultsWhile most participants reported high intentions to use TNs, nearly half reported that they did not use TNs in the last 6 months. Survey data indicate a number of TPB-related determinants related to using trauma narratives. Qualitative interviews identified CFIR-relevant contextual factors that may influence constructs central to TPB.ConclusionsThese results highlight the importance of integrating approaches that address multiple theoretical determinants of therapist behavior, including therapist, organizational, and client factors with causal explanations to explain implementation behavior.
Neuroimaging-based brain-age prediction of first-episode schizophrenia and the alteration of brain age after early medication
Authors: Xi Yi-Bin , Wu Xu-Sha , Cui Long-Biao , Bai Li-Jun , Gan Shuo-Qiu , Jia Xiao-Yan , Li Xuan , Xu Yong-Qiang , Kang Xiao-Wei , Guo Fan , Yin Hong 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundNeuroimaging- and machine-learning-based brain-age prediction of schizophrenia is well established. However, the diagnostic significance and the effect of early medication on first-episode schizophrenia remains unclear.AimsTo explore whether predicted brain age can be used as a biomarker for schizophrenia diagnosis, and the relationship between clinical characteristics and brain-predicted age difference (PAD), and the effects of early medication on predicted brain age.MethodThe predicted model was built on 523 diffusion tensor imaging magnetic resonance imaging scans from healthy controls. First, the brain-PAD of 60 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 60 healthy controls and 21 follow-up patients from the principal data-set and 40 pairs of individuals in the replication data-set were calculated. Next, the brain-PAD between groups were compared and the correlations between brain-PAD and clinical measurements were analysed.ResultsThe patients showed a significant increase in brain-PAD compared with healthy controls. After early medication, the brain-PAD of patients decreased significantly compared with baseline (P < 0.001). The fractional anisotropy value of 31/33 white matter tract features, which related to the brain-PAD scores, had significantly statistical differences before and after measurements (P < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected). Correlation analysis showed that the age gap was negatively associated with the positive score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale in the principal data-set (r = −0.326, P = 0.014).ConclusionsThe brain age of patients with first-episode schizophrenia may be older than their chronological age. Early medication holds promise for improving the patient's brain ageing. Neuroimaging-based brain-age prediction can provide novel insights into the understanding of schizophrenia.
Anterior Transcorporeal Approach for Cervical Metastatic Melanoma Resection Guided by O-Arm–Navigated Intraoperative Computed Tomography
Authors: Jitpakdee Khanathip , Kotheeranurak Vit , Lim Woo Jung , Kim Jin-Sung 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
Surgical resection of the ventrally located tumor in the cervical spinal region is technically challenging and usually requires a traditional extensive approach. To reduce collateral injury and preserve cervical stability, the anterior transcorporeal approach under navigated guidance is an alternative minimally invasive technique.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe a minimally invasive transcorporeal approach for cervical intradural extramedullary tumor resection and spinal cord decompression. Previous literature regarding available treatment options was reviewed.

METHODS:
A patient with known intracranial malignant melanoma presented with severe myelopathy from metastatic melanoma compressing the cervical cord. The anterior transcorporeal approach for total tumor resection and spinal cord decompression under a microscope was planned. Under spinal navigation, small bone tunneling was performed to expose and remove the tumor without compromising cervical stability.

RESULTS:
The melanoma resection was successfully performed without complications. Myelopathic symptoms were significantly improved with the absence of instability or local recurrence at the long-term follow-up.

CONCLUSION:
We present the anterior transcorporeal approach that can be used to resect the tumor in the ventral cervical region and effectively decompress the cervical cord without complications. Moreover, this approach is the minimally invasive surgical technique that preserves spinal stability, minimizes bleeding, and shortens the hospital stay.

JOURNAL/oneus/04.03/01787389-202201000-00006/inline-graphic1/v/2023-10-18T160345Z/r/image-tiff
Comparative Anatomical Assessment of Full vs Limited Transcavernous Exposure of the Carotid-Oculomotor Window
Authors: Cole Tyler S. , Przybylowski Colin J. , Houlihan Lena Mary , Abramov Irakliy , Loymak Thanapong , Catapano Joshua S. , Baranoski Jacob F. , Srinivasan Visish M. , Preul Mark C. , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
Although the full transcavernous approach affords extensive mobilization of the oculomotor nerve (OMN) for exposure of the basilar apex and interpeduncular cistern region, this time-consuming procedure requires substantial dural dissection along the anterior middle cranial fossa.

OBJECTIVE:
To quantify the extent to which limited middle fossa dural elevation affects the carotid-oculomotor window (C-OMW) surgical area during transcavernous exposure after OMN mobilization.

METHODS:
Four cadaveric specimens were dissected bilaterally to study the C-OMW area afforded by the transcavernous exposure. Each specimen underwent full and limited transcavernous exposure and anterior clinoidectomy (1 procedure per side; 8 procedures). Limited exposure was defined as a dural elevation confined to the cavernous sinus. Full exposure included dural elevation over the gasserian ganglion, extending to the middle meningeal artery and lateral middle cranial fossa.

RESULTS:
The C-OMW area achieved with the limited transcavernous exposure, compared with full transcavernous exposure, provided significantly less total area with OMN mobilization (22 ± 6 mm2 vs 52 ± 26 mm2, P = .03) and a smaller relative increase in area after OMN mobilization (11 ± 5 mm2 vs 36 ± 13 mm2, P = .03). The increase after OMN mobilization in the C-OMW area after OMN mobilization was 136% ± 119% with a limited exposure vs 334% ± 216% with a full exposure.

CONCLUSION:
In this anatomical study, the full transcavernous exposure significantly improved OMN mobilization and C-OMW area compared with a limited transcavernous exposure. If a transcavernous exposure is pursued, the difference in the carotid-oculomotor operative corridor area achieved with a limited vs full exposure should be considered.
Shedding light on the circadian clock of the threespine stickleback
Authors: Brochu Marie-Pier , Aubin-Horth Nadia 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe circadian clock is an internal timekeeping system shared by most organisms, and knowledge about its functional importance and evolution in natural environments is still needed. Here, we investigated the circadian clock of wild-caught threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) at the behavioural and molecular levels. Although their behaviour, ecology and evolution are well studied, information on their circadian rhythms are scarce. We quantified the daily locomotor activity rhythm under a light:dark cycle (LD) and under constant darkness (DD). Under LD, all fish exhibited significant daily rhythmicity, while under DD, only 18% of individuals remained rhythmic. This interindividual variation suggests that the circadian clock controls activity only in certain individuals. Moreover, under LD, some fish were almost exclusively nocturnal, while others were active around the clock. Furthermore, the most nocturnal fish were also the least active. These results suggest that light masks activity (i.e. suppresses activity without entraining the internal clock) more strongly in some individuals than others. Finally, we quantified the expression of five clock genes in the brain of sticklebacks under DD using qPCR. We did not detect circadian rhythmicity, which could indicate either that the clock molecular oscillator is highly light-dependent, or that there was an oscillation but that we were unable to detect it. Overall, our study suggests that a strong circadian control on behavioural rhythms may not necessarily be advantageous in a natural population of sticklebacks and that the daily phase of activity varies greatly between individuals because of a differential masking effect of light.
Short-range hunters: exploring the function and constraints of water shooting in dwarf gouramis
Authors: Jones Nick A. R. , Klump Barbara C. , Abaurrea Teresa M. , Harrower Sophie , Marr Clare , Scott Louise , Rendell Luke , Webster Mike M. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBallistic predation is a rare foraging adaptation: in fishes, most attention has focused on a single genus, the archerfish, known to manipulate water to shoot down prey above the water surface. However, several gourami species also exhibit apparently similar ‘shooting’ behaviour, spitting water up to 5 cm above the surface. In a series of experiments, we explored the shooting behaviour and aspects of its significance as a foraging ability in the dwarf gourami (Trichogaster lalius). We investigated sex differences in shooting abilities to determine whether gourami shooting is related to the sex-specific bubble nest manufacture where males mix air and water at the surface to form bubbles. We found that, actually, both sexes were equally able to shoot and could learn to shoot a novel target. In a second experiment, we presented untrained gouramis with opportunities to shoot at live prey and found they successfully shot down both fruit flies and crickets. Finally, we explored the effect of target height on shooting performance to establish potential constraints of shooting as a foraging ability. The frequency of attempted shots and success of hitting targets decreased with height, whereas latency to shoot increased. We also observed that repeatable individual differences account for variation in these measures of shooting performance. Together, our results provide evidence that gourami shooting has a foraging function analogous to that of archerfish. Gourami shooting may serve as an example of convergent evolution and provide opportunities for comparative studies into the, as yet unexplored, ecology and evolution of shooting in fishes.
Construction of Supramolecular Fluorescent Probe by a Water-Soluble Pillar[5]arene and Its Recognition of Carbonate Ion
Authors: Zhu Xin Yi , Yang Xi Nan , Wu Heng , Tao Zhu , Xiao Xin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The interaction between pyridine pillar[5]arene (PyP5) and 2-naphthol with the former as the host molecule and the latter as the guest molecule is studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and NMR techniques, and the results show that PyP5 forms a 1:1 host-guest inclusion complex with 2-naphthol. Although free 2-naphthol has strong fluorescence, it is quenched in 2-naphthol@PyP5. Experiments were conducted with 2-naphthol@PyP5 as a fluorescent probe to detect different anions with results showing that only CO32− causes a significant enhancement of the fluorescence of the fluorescent probe. Due to this high selectivity and high sensitivity, the fluorescent probe 2-naphthol@PyP5 may open up an effective way for the detection of CO32−.
The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - A resource for COVID-19 research: Home-based antibody testing results, October 2020. An emphasis on self-screening at a population level
Authors: Northstone Kate , Smith Daniel , Bowring Claire , Hill Amanda , Hobbs Richard , Wells Nicholas , Timpson Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2021

The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a prospective population-based cohort study which recruited pregnant women in 1990-1992 and has followed these women, their partners (Generation 0; G0) and offspring (Generation 1; G1) ever since. The study reacted rapidly to the COVID-19 pandemic, deploying online questionnaires in March and May 2020. Home-based antibody tests and a further questionnaire were sent to 5220 participants during a two-week period of October 2020. 4.2% (n=201) of participants reported a positive antibody test (3.2% G0s [n=81]; 5.6% G1s [n=120]). 43 reported an invalid test, 7 did not complete and 3 did not report their result. Participants uploaded a photo of their test to enable validation: all positive tests, those where the participant could not interpret the result and a 5% random sample were manually checked against photos. We report 92% agreement (kappa=0.853). Positive tests were compared to additional COVID-19 status information: 58 (1.2%) participants reported a previous positive test, 73 (1.5%) reported that COVID-19 was suspected by a doctor, but not tested and 980 (20.4%) believed they had COVID-19 due to their own suspicions. Of those reporting a positive result on our antibody test, 55 reported that they did not think they had had COVID-19. Results from antibody testing and questionnaire data will be complemented by health record linkage and results of other biological testing– uniting Pillar testing data with home testing and self-report. Data have been released as an update to the original datasets released in July 2020. It comprises: 1) a standard dataset containing all participant responses to all three questionnaires with key sociodemographic factors and 2) as individual participant-specific release files enabling bespoke research across all areas supported by the study. This data note describes the antibody testing, associated questionnaire and the data obtained from it.
Characterisation of hospital-produced guidelines regarding management of temporary tube feeding care in general paediatric patients
Authors: Syrmis Maryanne , Frederiksen Nadine , Reilly Claire 
Published: December 2021

Background/Aims There is significant variation in the implementation of temporary tube feeding management in children and a paucity of associated clinical practice guidelines covering all phases of care, from decision making regarding tube insertion through to tube weaning. Development of clinical practice guidelines should consider levels of evidence other than randomised control trials. Examining hospital-produced guidelines used by frontline health staff, for example, could distinguish areas of application of evidence-based recommendations, as well as domains of care in need of increased implementation. This article describes the content of existing hospital-produced guidelines relating to tube feeding care in a general paediatric population. Methods Hospital-produced guidelines were sought by mailing 200 health services worldwide and searching Queensland Health's Electronic Publishing Service in Australia and Google. A content analysis was then performed. Results The 13 collected hospital-produced guidelines from Australia, the UK and Canada generally comprehensively reported on processes related to the decision-making, tube placement and tube maintenance phases. However, reporting on oral feeding while tube feeding, tube feeding dependency, tube feeding exit planning, and the social and emotional aspects of tube feeding were areas within these phases that had limited coverage. Recommendations for the phase of tube weaning were also infrequently included. Conclusions Development of formal clinical practice guidelines covering all tube feeding phases should assist in optimising patient and health service outcomes.
Comparison of Lung Flute and threshold positive expiratory pressure devices for airway clearance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Fernandes Orein , D'Silva Cherishma , Mascarenhas Don Gregory , Rebello Sydney Roshan 
Published: December 2021

Background/Aims Mucus hypersecretion and altered lung functions leads to adverse clinical outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the Lung Flute and threshold positive expiratory pressure devices on sputum quantity and pulmonary functions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Methods A total of 50 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 used the Lung Flute device and group 2 used a threshold positive expiratory pressure device. Sputum quantity was measured post-intervention on a daily basis. Forced expiratory volume in the first second, forced vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow rate were evaluated on day 1 and day 6. Results The mean sputum quantity in group 1 was 11.40 ml and it was 11.04 ml in group 2. Between-group comparison demonstrated a significant improvement in forced expiratory volume in the first second for group 1 compared to group 2 (P<0.005). Conclusions The Lung Flute was found to be slightly more effective than the threshold positive expiratory pressure device for airway clearance and also had a positive effect on pulmonary functions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.