bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FORTRESS WALLS WITH USABLE INTRA-WALL SPACE IN BACTRIAN FORTIFICATIONS
Authors: Двуреченская Н. Д. 
Published: December 2021

На примере крепости Узундара рассматривается такой элемент фортификации, как крепостные стены с внутристенным эксплуатируемым пространством. Анализ конструктивных особенностей образца позволяет внести предложение в неустоявшуюся терминологию, существующую в литературе и относимую к данному виду фортификации. Предлагается выделять: монолитные стены и стены с внутристенным эксплуатируемым пространством. Многочисленные аналогии в архитектуре Бактрии и соседних историко-культурных регионов еще раз подчеркнули особенную близость фортификации Бактрии и Хорезма. Рассмотрение десятков памятников с использованием двойных стен в хронологическом срезе всего античного периода требует внести поправку в устоявшееся в науке мнение о магистральном переходе в эпоху эллинизма к монолитным стенам. Использование крепостных стен с внутристенным эксплуатируемым пространством в фортификации и эллинистических и кушанских крепостей и городов позволяет утверждать, что возводились они по необходимости и возможности и в зависимости от десятков разнообразных факторов.
Taking the Uzundara fortress as a case study, the paper reviews a specific element of fortification, which is fortress walls with usable intra-wall space. The analysis of technical design of the construction helps clarify some terms used in literature to describe this type of fortifications. It is proposed to single out monolithic walls and walls with intra-wall usable space. Multiple analogies in Bactrian architecture and neighboring historical and cultural regions reiterate special similarity of fortifications in Bactria and Khwarazm. The review of dozens of sites with the use of double walls chronologically throughout the Classical period requires changes to be made in the established opinion that in the Hellenic period the shift to monolithic walls occurred across the board. The use of fortress walls with intra-wall usable space in fortifications and Hellenistic and Kushan fortresses suggests that they were constructed, when necessary and when possible, depending on multiple factors.
RUINS OF FORTIFIED SETTLEMENTS IN THE DON VALLEY IN THE MINIATURES OF THE 16th CENTURY
Authors: Чернецов А. В. 
Published: December 2021

Статья посвящена двум миниатюрам XVI в. из Лицевого летописного свода Ивана Грозного. На них представлены изображения классических археологических памятников - городищ. Миниатюры находятся во Втором Остермановском томе Свода. Они иллюстрируют путешествие митрополита Пимена в 1389 г. по р. Дону. Первая миниатюра представляет руины древнерусского города Чюр-Михайлов; второй памятник имеет чужеземное название (Терклия). Он характеризуется в летописном тексте как «городище». Изображения двух мертвых городов являются маркерами, разделяющими заселенные регионы от пустынных. Городища на миниатюрах представлены схематично, тем не менее ясно показано наличие оборонительных стен и башен.
The paper explores two miniatures of the 16th century from the Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible. They contain images of classical archaeological sites, i.e. fortified settlements. The miniatures are from Osterman Volume II of the Chronicle. They illustrate the pilgrimage of Metropolitan Pimen to Constantinople down the Don River in 1389. The first miniature features ruins of the Medieval Russia city of Chyur-Mikhailov; the second site has a foreign name (Terklia). The text of the Chronicle describes it as ‘fortified settlement’. This is an image of two dead cities used as markers separating inhabited regions from vacant lands. The miniatures show the fortified settlements schematically; still defensive walls and towers are clearly identifiable.
THE GECHEPSIN FORTIFIED SETTLEMENT: EXPERIENCE OF COMPREHENSIVE EXCAVATIONS
Authors: Малышев А. А. , Бабенко А. Н. , Спиридонова Е. А. 
Published: December 2021

Несмотря на очевидный прогресс в наших представлениях о системе расселения восточной периферии азиатского Боспора, круг известных памятников совсем невелик, а об их хронологии можно судить только на основании подъемного материала. Комплексные исследования на городище Гечепсин позволили выявить два строительных горизонта, датируемых керамическими материалами в пределах II в. до н. э. - II в. н. э. и охарактеризовать особенности топографии (фортификацию, коммуникации и т. п.). Исследованная кладка сооружения фортификационной системы крепости была сооружена на культурном слое эпохи позднего эллинизма и просуществовала не более века. Выявленные на площадке городища постройки возведены, судя по всему, в античных традициях сырцово-каменной архитектуры. В конце I тыс. до н. э. - нач. I тыс. н. э. в районе городища, согласно спорово-пыльцевому анализу, были широко распространены степные злаково-разнотравные растительные сообщества. Присутствие пыльцы водных растений в верхней части профиля отражает, вероятнее всего, использование речной глины для возведения сырцовых конструкций.
Despite obvious progress in developing our concepts on the settlement system in the eastern periphery of Asian Bosporus, the group of the known sites is not that large, while their chronology can be determined only with the use of surface finds. Comprehensive excavations at the Gechepsin fortified settlement made it possible to identify two construction horizons dated by ceramic finds to 2 century BC -2 century AD and characterize specifics of topography (fortification, communications, etc.). The examined masonry of the fortress fortification construction was built in the occupation layer of the Late Hellenic period and did not function more than half a century. Constructions identified at the fortified settlement were, most likely, built in Ancient Greek traditions of adobe-stone architecture. At the end of I mill. BC - early I mill. AD steppe gramineous-mixed grass plant associations were widespread in the area around the settlement as evidenced by pollen analysis. Presence of water plant pollen in the upper part of the profile, most likely, reflects use of river clay for building adobe constructions.
L. V. ALEKSEEV’S PERSONAL PAPERS IN THE IA RAS ARCHIVES
Authors: Горланов С. С. , Кочкаров У. Ю. , Селезнева С. В. 
Published: December 2021

В статье представлен обзор личного фонда историка и археолога, специалиста по истории и культуре Западной Руси Л. В. Алексеева (Научно-отраслевой архив ИА РАН, Ф-52). Фонд состоит из трех больших разделов, включающих археологические экспедиционные материалы по раскопкам и разведкам Л. В. Алексеева за период с 1951 по 1989 г. на территории Белоруссии, Смоленской и Псковской областей, рабочие материалы к публикациям и личные документы. Значительный раздел фонда составляют материалы и документы учителя и друга Л. В. Алексеева -историка и археолога, академика АН СССР, профессора Б. А. Рыбакова. В совокупности данные фонда дополняют сведения о биографии и становлении научного пути Л. В. Алексеева и позволят будущим исследователям расширить представление о деятельности ученого.
The paper provides an overview of personal papers of L. V. Alekseev, a historian, an archaeologist and a specialist on history and culture of Western Russia (Scientific Archives of the Institute of Archaeology, RAS, fond-52). The fond is composed of three large sections that include materials from archaeological expeditions and surveys conducted by L. V. Alekseev in 1951-1989 in Belorussia, the Smolensk and the Pskov regions; working materials for publications; and personal documents. Materials and documents of professor B. A. Rybakov, a historian, an archaeologist, a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, who was L. V. Alekseev’s teacher and a friend, is another large part of this fond. The data of the fond complement information on biography and scientific career of L. V. Alekseev and will help future researchers expand their knowledge of the scholar’s activities.
THE ENEOLITHIC KURGAN IN THE SOUTH OF THE VORONEZH REGION
Authors: Скоробогатов А. М. , Березуцкий В. Д. , Васильев С. В. , Курбанова Ф. Г. , Пузанова Т. А. , Трегуб Т. Ф. 
Published: December 2021

Статья вводит в научный оборот материалы погребений эпохи энеолита, происходящие из кургана, расположенного на Среднем Дону (Воронежская область). Обнаруженный в кургане инвентарь (керамика с примесью раковины, подвески из зубов оленя, наконечники стрел и орудия из кремня, металлические пронизки) в совокупности с абсолютными датировками указывает на энеолитическую принадлежность публикуемого комплекса (втор. пол. V тыс. до н. э.). Спорово-пыльцевой анализ погребенной почвы под курганом свидетельствует о кратковременном похолодании и повышенной увлажненности в период сооружения кургана.
The paper introduces into scientific discourse materials from Eneolithic burials in a kurgan located on the Middle Don (Voronezh region). Funerary offerings discovered in the kurgan (ceramics with crushed shells admixture, pendants made from deer teeth, arrowheads and flint tools, metal tubular beads) along with the absolute dates obtained demonstrate that this assemblage dates to the Eneolithic (second half of V mill. BC). The pollen analysis of the buried soil under the kurgan reveals short-term cooling and a high moisture level at the time when the kurgan was erected.
Establishing an ad hoc COVID-19 mortality surveillance during the first epidemic wave in Belgium, 1 March to 21 June 2020
Authors: Renard Françoise , Scohy Aline , Van der Heyden Johan , Peeters Ilse , Dequeker Sara , Vandael Eline , Van Goethem Nina , Dubourg Dominique , De Viron Louise , Kongs Anne , Hammami Naïma , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Sasse André , Rebolledo Gonzalez Javiera , Bustos Sierra Natalia 
Published: December 2021

Background
COVID-19-related mortality in Belgium has drawn attention for two reasons: its high level, and a good completeness in reporting of deaths. An ad hoc surveillance was established to register COVID-19 death numbers in hospitals, long-term care facilities (LTCF) and the community. Belgium adopted broad inclusion criteria for the COVID-19 death notifications, also including possible cases, resulting in a robust correlation between COVID-19 and all-cause mortality.

Aim
To document and assess the COVID-19 mortality surveillance in Belgium.

Methods
We described the content and data flows of the registration and we assessed the situation as of 21 June 2020, 103 days after the first death attributable to COVID-19 in Belgium. We calculated the participation rate, the notification delay, the percentage of error detected, and the results of additional investigations.

Results
The participation rate was 100% for hospitals and 83% for nursing homes. Of all deaths, 85% were recorded within 2 calendar days: 11% within the same day, 41% after 1 day and 33% after 2 days, with a quicker notification in hospitals than in LTCF. Corrections of detected errors reduced the death toll by 5%.

Conclusion
Belgium implemented a rather complete surveillance of COVID-19 mortality, on account of a rapid investment of the hospitals and LTCF. LTCF could build on past experience of previous surveys and surveillance activities. The adoption of an extended definition of ‘COVID-19-related deaths’ in a context of limited testing capacity has provided timely information about the severity of the epidemic.
Lockdown impact on age-specific contact patterns and behaviours, France, April 2020
Authors: Bosetti Paolo , Huynh Bich-Tram , Abdou Armiya Youssouf , Sanchez Marie , Eisenhauer Catherine , Courtejoie Noémie , Accardo Jérôme , Salje Henrik , Guillemot Didier , Moslonka-Lefebvre Mathieu , Boëlle Pierre-Yves , Béraud Guillaume , Cauchemez Simon , Opatowski Lulla 
Published: December 2021

Background
Many countries implemented national lockdowns to contain the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 and avoid overburdening healthcare capacity.

Aim
We aimed to quantify how the French lockdown impacted population mixing, contact patterns and behaviours.

Methods
We conducted an online survey using convenience sampling and collected information from participants aged 18 years and older between 10 April and 28 April 2020.

Result
Among the 42,036 survey participants, 72% normally worked outside their home, and of these, 68% changed to telework during lockdown and 17% reported being unemployed during lockdown. A decrease in public transport use was reported from 37% to 2%. Participants reported increased frequency of hand washing and changes in greeting behaviour. Wearing masks in public was generally limited. A total of 138,934 contacts were reported, with an average of 3.3 contacts per individual per day; 1.7 in the participants aged 65 years and older compared with 3.6 for younger age groups. This represented a 70% reduction compared with previous surveys, consistent with SARS-CoV2 transmission reduction measured during the lockdown. For those who maintained a professional activity outside home, the frequency of contacts at work dropped by 79%.

Conclusion
The lockdown affected the population's behaviour, work, risk perception and contact patterns. The frequency and heterogeneity of contacts, both of which are critical factors in determining how viruses spread, were affected. Such surveys are essential to evaluate the impact of lockdowns more accurately and anticipate epidemic dynamics in these conditions.
Respons fisiologis benur udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) terhadap penambahan kalsium selama adaptasi di salinitas rendah
Authors: Taqwa Ferdinand Hukama , Fitrani Mirna , Purwanto Rudi 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum addition of calcium during the adaptation period of white shrimp seed in low salinity media, so the physiological conditions of shrimp still support maximally survival and growth. The research was carried out by using the Completely Randomized Design, i.e., the addition of calcium in freshwater for decreasing water salinity from 20 g L-1 to 0.5 g L-1 as much as 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 mg L-1, respectively. The freshwater used in the salinity reduction process was based on previous research that included sodium and potassium additions of 75 mg L-1 and 50 mg L-1, respectively. The test animal was a white shrimp stadium PL15 that had been acclimated for 5 days to a medium salinity of 20 g L-1. The results of this study showed that the addition of 300 mg L-1- calcium in freshwater during the adaptation for 96 hours significantly accelerate the achievement of molting time (1360 minutes), suppress the stress levels and metabolism rate (body fluid glucose of 169.80 mg L-1 and oxygen consumption level of 0.95 mg O2 g-1 h-1), and produce the highest survival rate of white shrimp seed (99%).Keywords: adaptation, calcium, low salinity, physiology, white shrimp
The concept of operation and production control
Authors: Wolniak Radosław 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The theoretical aim of the paper is to analyses the main function and concept of production control in operation management. The empirical aim of the paper is to investigate polish production firm opinion about factors affecting production planning and control and also functions of production planning and control. Production control is very important in every factory, and every aspect of operation and production management especially in times of Industry 4.0 conditions. In the paper we presented all classical seven task of production management control. Also there is in the paper an analysis of main factors affecting production control in industrial organization. In the paper we analysed the problems connected with production control. Nowadays in the conditions of Industry 4.0 this is very important concept because the increasing level of digitalization of all industrial processes leads to possibility of detailed analysis of all processes and better level of control. Operation managers should have good level of knowledge about production control and especially quality control. They can use in this many new information tools like statistical methods and artificial intelligence. Especially we think that in the future many function of production control would be assisted by artificial intelligence. We also in the paper give results of research conducted on example of 30 polish production organizations located in Silesia region.
An investigation of wire offset and surface morphology of Die Steel D-3 on Wire EDM by using RSM-CCD
Authors: Hasan Mohd Faizan , Bharti Prem Kumar , Rahim Mohd Reyaz Ur 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The work investigated the effect on wire offset and surface morphology, with input process parameters as peak current, pulse on time, wire tension over Die Steel D3. Some of experiments were performed by using response surface methodology (RSM) as the design of experiment with central composite design (CCD) technique for the analysis. The ANOVA results annotate that the model is significant. Wire Tension and peak current are observed to have major impact on wire offset during machining operation and surface morphology. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirmed that the thermal stresses produced during the machining of the workpiece resulted in the development of microcracks, craters and spherical module. Due to higher thermal gradient i.e., higher peak current and pulse on-time larger cracks and melted deposits were observed.
Enhancing of energetic and economic efficiency of air distribution by swirled-compact air jets
Authors: Zhelykh Vasyl , Voznyak Orest , Yurkevych Yuriy , Sukholova Iryna , Dovbush Oleksandr 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to solving the urgent task of increasing the efficiency of air distribution by swirled-compact air jets to ensure the normative parameters of indoor air. The dynamic parameters of the swirled-compact air jet during its leakage in the alternating mode and the formation of a dynamic indoor climate in the room are determined. For improvement of comfortable conditions in the room and design of energy saving circuits of air distribution it is suggested to use swirled-compact air jets, which flow from the inflow and exhaust heat recuperators with heat recovery of the exhaust air. An energy audit of the ventilation system reconstruction with a recuperator using was carried out. The method of taking into account the fact of application of several measures, which cannot be carried out simultaneously, and discount rate dynamics is proposed.
The importance of telematic information and logistics indicators for the management of the quality of transport services
Authors: Sałek Robert 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Transport companies, whose activities have a significant impact on the economy of the whole of Europe, constantly face new market challenges. The high demand for transport services, even in the time of the Covid-19 pandemic, and the introduction of new regulations by the European Union authorities mean that these enterprises have to increase their efforts on competitive foreign markets. Telematics systems play a crucial role in this battle as they enable the acquisition and processing of data characterizing processes in road transport. In this article, the author undertakes the issue of logistic indicators in theoretical frames, as well as their classification and characteristics as the main source of information about processes. This is followed by the analysis of data obtained from a transport company using a telematics system to manage transport processes in the context of ensuring the quality of services. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the significance of selected logistics indicators in terms of improving the quality of transport services. Statistical analysis is used to study the relationships and impact of individual measures in 2019-2020 as a forecasting tool. The result of the research is finding an appropriate link between the measures and using this knowledge as an opportunity to improve the quality of services.
Green logistics - modern transportation process technology
Authors: Larina Irina Vyacheslavovna , Larin Andrey Nikolaevich , Kiriliuk Olga , Ingaldi Manuela 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGreen logistics is the part of the activities of an enterprise aimed at measuring and minimizing the impact of logistics activities on the environment. Such actions are dictated by the possibility of achieving a competitive advantage in the market, because clients require it. Transport is a particularly important area with a huge impact on the environment, because it is identified as the fastest growing source of greenhouse gas emissions. Green transport is low-emission and ecological travelling mode. The goals of green transport are not only to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, noise and space use, but also to reduce poverty and promote economic growth. Transport is considered green when it supports environmental sustainability, but also supports the other two pillars of sustainable development, i.e. economic and social. This paper discusses the application of the concept of "green" logistics and "green" technologies in transport in the transportation process. The modern requirements for transport in the field of environmental safety and compliance with environmental requirements both on the part of customers and on the part of states are considered.
Optimization of oil extraction process from blended sludge and algae for biodiesel production
Authors: Abdissa Desalegn 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sewage sludge is one of the most polluting wastes that affect the environment, which contains organic and inorganic pollutants released into the surroundings. Using non-renewable energy for the engine also releases large amounts of pollutants results from combustion products was other issues to the environment. The decline of non-renewable energy sources, such as natural gas, fossil fuel, and petroleum made the world increase the production of alternative fuels like waste-derived fuels. Recently, biodiesel production developed from edible oil to cover the depilation of non-renewable energy supply. But it has also become a significant challenge for food security. Therefore, finding other potential opportunities for lipid extraction is crucial. Algae and sludge conversion presented by recent studies seem to be a promising method. The paper presents the extraction and optimization of lipids from blended sludge and algae for biodiesel production. The procedure of the study was a characterization of algal and sludge wastes, the extraction of the lipid component by Soxhlet extraction, and the parameters optimization for maximum oil yield obtain. Temperature, extraction time, and solvents were the basic factor affect oil extraction yield. In the optimization 80 temperature, 6hrs time and hexane solvent results in 61% oil extraction yield which maximum point. Algae and wastewater sludge high potential of lipid and can be substitute edible oil supplies for biodiesel production.
Recertification of a Quality Management System based on ISO 9001 - is it a must for a modern manufacturing company?
Authors: Midor Katarzyna , Wilkowski Grzegorz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The ISO 9000 series of standards are among the best-known standards developed by the International Organisation for Standardisation ISO. They provide guidance and guidelines for companies and organisations that want their products and services to satisfy customer requirements and their quality to be continuously improved. However, the need for recertification of the Quality Management System (QMS) based on ISO 9001 is increasingly being discussed by managers. The questions asked are: is it necessary to have such a certificate in order to maintain high product quality and customer satisfaction? What is the balance of benefits and losses for maintaining a certificate of this standard? The authors of the paper will try to answer these questions based on the experience of a medium-sized metal manufacturing company.