bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in L‐phenylalanine concentration reflect and predict response to anti‐PD‐1 treatment combined with chemotherapy in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Yaqing , Ping Yu , Zhang Liubo , Zhao Qitai , Huo Yachang , Li Congcong , Shan Jiqi , Qi Yanwen , Wang Liping , Zhang Yi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractChemotherapy combined with checkpoint blockade antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein (PD‐1) has achieved remarkable success in non‐small cell lung cancer. However, few patients benefit from long‐term treatment. Therefore, biomarkers capable of guiding the optimal therapeutic selection and reducing unnecessary toxicity are of pressing importance. In our research, we gathered serial blood samples from two groups of non‐small cell lung cancer patients: 49 patients received a combination of therapies, and 34 patients went under chemotherapy alone. Utilizing non‐targeted metabolomic analysis, we examined different metabolites’ disparity. Among the lot, L‐phenylalanine emerged as a significant prognostic marker in the combination treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer patients, interestingly absent in patients under sole chemotherapy. The reduced ratio of L‐phenylalanine concentration (two‐cycle treatment vs. pre‐treatment) was associated with improved progression‐free survival (hazard ratio = 1.8000, 95% confidence interval: 0.8566‒3.7820, p < 0.0001) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.583, 95% confidence interval: 0.7416‒3.3800, p < 0.005). We further recruited two validation cohorts (cohort 1: 40 patients and cohort 2: 30 patients) to validate the sensitivity and specificity of L‐phenylalanine prediction. Our results demonstrate that a model based on L‐phenylalanine variations could serve as an early risk‐assessment tool for non‐small cell lung cancer patients undergoing treatment, potentially facilitating strategic clinical decision‐making.
Interpretation of inhomogeneous magnetization transfer in myelin water using a four‐pool model with dipolar reservoirs
Authors: Lam Michelle H. , Novoselova Masha , Yung Andrew , Prevost Valentin H. , Manning Alan P. , Liu Jie , Tetzlaff Wolfram , Kozlowski Piotr 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeTo confirm ihMT's specificity to myelin, an ihMT presaturation module was combined with a Poon–Henkelman multi‐echo spin‐echo readout to separate the ihMT signal in myelin water from intra‐/extra‐cellular water. This study explored the relationship between two quantitative myelin imaging techniques and measured the ihMT signal of myelin water.MethodsSix rats were injured; three were sacrificed three weeks post‐injury, and three were sacrificed eight weeks post‐injury, and three healthy control rats were also sacrificed. The nine formalin‐fixed rat spinal cords were imaged using a Poon–Henkelman multi‐echo spin‐echo readout with an ihMT prepulse at different strengths of filtering at 7T.ResultsThe proposed model was able to characterize the ihMT decay signal in myelin water and intra‐/extra‐cellular water pool. From this proposed four‐pool model with dipolar order reservoirs, we see a drop in the fit parameter in the fasciculus gracilis white matter region of the three‐week post‐injury cord. and (non‐myelin) were estimated to be approx. 8 and 1.5 ms, respectively.ConclusionThe drop in in the three‐week post‐injury cords suggests that could potentially distinguish between functional myelin and myelin debris; however, more studies are needed to confirm this.
Computational study of the effects of orthopedic plates on gradient‐induced peripheral nerve stimulation under MRI using electromagnetic and neurophysiological modeling
Authors: Yang Lijian , Yang Xiaolin , Ye Hui , Kaula Norbert , Jin Yuanhu , Zheng Jianfeng , Kainz Wolfgang , Chen Ji 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeThis study investigates the impact of orthopedic plates on peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) during MRI, focusing on how the presence of implants affects PNS thresholds.MethodsA combination of anatomical electromagnetic and neurophysiological modeling was utilized. Electromagnetic fields in human body models were simulated, both with and without orthopedic plates. Simulations were performed under x‐, y‐, and z‐axis gradient coils, with plates implanted at two clinically relevant locations. Nerve responses were modeled using an established neurophysiological model.ResultsThe presence of orthopedic implants significantly influenced nerve stimulation, leading to reductions in stimulation thresholds of up to 80%. Some of the reduced thresholds were close to the PNS limits outlined in International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60601‐2‐33, suggesting a considerably reduced safety margin compared to cases without implants.ConclusionOrthopedic implants can substantially lower the activation thresholds of nearby nerves, with some thresholds approaching the PNS limits defined in IEC 60601‐2‐33 for MRI gradient field. This finding indicates a reduced safety margin for patients with implants, highlighting the need for more comprehensive safety assessments.
On the Further Development of Silver Nitrotetrazolate for Practical Use as a Primary Explosive
Authors: Lommel Marcus , Schirra Rainer , Klapötke Thomas M. , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSilver nitrotetrazolate (AgNT) is a less‐known but very powerful primary explosive with fast deflagration‐to‐detonation transition (DDT). Unfortunately, the compound never found any practical application due to its undesirable powder properties paired with a very high sensitivity toward mechanical stimuli. The adaption of conditions similar to those used in the Costain process resulted in precipitation of a new compound AgNT·¼NH3, incorporating 0.25 eq. ammonia, proven by single crystal x‐ray diffraction and elemental analysis. This compound has been characterized and optimized for use as a primary explosive and shows greatly enhanced properties over common silver nitrotetrazolate.
Systematic Analysis of the Chemical Components of Gentiana urnula Harry Sm Using SIRIUS and Liquid Chromatography High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Yan Zhihong , Ning Jing , Luo Zhen , Li Dongfang , Wang Huiyu , Xie Xiaoyu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRationaleGentiana urnula Harry Sm is a frequently utilized traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with applications in the treatment of a range of ailments including jaundice, gastrointestinal ulcers, and influenza. Despite its widespread uses, there is a lack of comprehensive researches on the chemical composition.MethodsThis study integrated SIRIUS, quantitative structure‐retention relationship (QSRR), and liquid chromatography high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS) to identify the compounds in Gentiana urnula Harry Sm.ResultsA total of 213 compounds were identified with high confidence based on retention time (tR), MS1, and MS/MS. Among the 213 compounds, 26 compounds were positively identified firstly in Gentiana urnula Harry Sm. More than 5000 compounds were classified based on MS/MS. Spatial distribution revealed the similarities in compound between roots and stems, while differences were observed between leaves and flowers.ConclusionsThis study lays the foundation for further investigations into the biological activity and pharmacological mechanism of Gentiana urnula Harry Sm.
Not in my homeland: Immigrant CEOs and the geography of corporate social irresponsibility
Authors: Bu Juan , Wang Stephanie Lu , Lee Yejee , Li Dan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study examines how immigrant CEOs influence the geography of multinational enterprises' (MNEs) corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) incidents. Building on place attachment theory and social capital theory, we theorize that immigrant CEOs have strong psychological attachment to and social capital in their homeland countries, which could reduce the occurrence and media disclosure of their MNEs' CSI incidents in those countries. Moreover, this effect will be further enhanced if the CEO emigrates as an adult, if the focal firm has a higher sustainability rating, and if the CEO's homeland country has lower press freedom. A difference‐in‐differences analysis using a propensity score‐matched sample of MNEs from the US S&P 500 during the 2007–2020 period supports our arguments.Managerial SummaryWhy do firms engage in different levels of corporate irresponsibility in different locations? Our study reveals a connection between the appointment of an immigrant CEO and the locations of multinational enterprises (MNEs') irresponsible incidents. Immigrant CEOs can not only reduce their MNEs' harmful acts in their homelands because of their strong psychological attachment but also leverage social relationships in their homelands to mitigate media coverage of their firms' negative incidents there. Such impacts of appointing immigrant CEOs are subject to CEOs' immigration as adults or children, their firms' sustainability ratings, and their homeland countries' press freedom.
SpaDCN: Deciphering Spatial Functional Landscape from Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics by Aligning Cell–Cell Communications
Authors: Bai Xiaosheng , Bao Xinyu , Zhang Chuanchao , Shi Qianqian , Chen Luonan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSpatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) has emerged as a transformative technology for elucidating cellular organization and tissue architecture. However, a significant challenge remains in identifying pathology‐relevant spatial functional landscapes within the tissue microenvironment, primarily due to the limited integration of cell–cell communication dynamics. To address this limitation, SpaDCN, a Spatially Dynamic graph Convolutional Network framework is proposed, which aligns cell–cell communications and gene expression within a spatial context to reveal the spatial functional regions with the coherent cellular organization. To effectively transfer the influence of cell–cell communications on expression variation, SpaDCN respectively generates the node layer and edge layer of spatial graph representation from expression data and the ligand–receptor complex contributions and then employs a dynamic graph convolution to switch the propagation of node graph and edge graph. It is demonstrated that SpaDCN outperforms existing methods in identifying spatial domains and denoising expression across various platforms and species. Notably, SpaDCN excels in identifying marker genes with significant prognostic potential in cancer tissues. In conclusion, SpaDCN offers a powerful and precise tool for spatial domain detection in spatial transcriptomics, with broad applicability across various tissue types and research disciplines.
On the Discrete Dirac Spectrum of General-Relativistic Hydrogenic Ions with Anomalous Magnetic Moment
Authors: Kapengut E. B. , Kiessling M. K.-H. , Ling E. , Tahvildar-Zadeh A. S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Reissner–Weyl–Nordström (RWN) spacetime of a point nucleus features a naked singularity for the empirically known nuclear charges Ze and masses

$$M = A(Z,N)m_{\textrm{p}}$$

M
=
A

(
Z
,
N
)

m
p

, where

$$m_{\textrm{p}}$$

m
p

is the proton mass and

$$A(Z,N)\approx Z+N$$

A
(
Z
,
N
)
≈
Z
+
N

the atomic mass number, with Z the number of protons and N the number of neutrons in the nucleus. The Dirac Hamiltonian for a test electron with mass

$$m_{\textrm{e}}$$

m
e

, charge

$$-\,e$$

-

e

, and anomalous magnetic moment

$$\mu _a (\approx -\, \frac{1}{4\pi }\frac{e^3}{m_{\textrm{e}}c^2})$$

μ
a

(
≈
-

1

4
π

e
3

m
e

c
2

)

in the electrostatic RWN spacetime of such a “naked point nucleus” is known to be essentially self-adjoint, with a spectrum that consists of the union of the essential spectrum

$$(-\,\infty ,-\,m_{\textrm{e}}c^2]\cup [m_{\textrm{e}}c^2, \infty )$$

(
-

∞
,
-

m
e

c
2

]

∪

[

m
e

c
2

,
∞
)

and a discrete spectrum of infinitely many eigenvalues in the gap

$$(-\,m_{\textrm{e}}c^2,m_{\textrm{e}}c^2)$$

(
-

m
e

c
2

,

m
e

c
2

)

, having

$$m_{\textrm{e}}c^2$$

m
e

c
2

as accumulation point. In this paper, the discrete spectrum is characterized in detail for the first time, for all

$$Z\le 45$$

Z
≤
45

and A that cover all known isotopes. The eigenvalues are mapped one-to-one to those of the traditional Dirac hydrogen spectrum. Numerical evaluations that go beyond

$$Z=45$$

Z
=
45

into the realm of not-yet-produced hydrogenic ions are presented, too. A list of challenging open problems concludes this publication.
Comparison of Gini Means with Fixed Number of Variables
Authors: Grünwald Richárd , Páles Zsolt 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the global comparison problem of Gini means with fixed number of variables on a subinterval I of

$$\mathbb {R}_+$$

R
+

, i.e., the following inequality where

$$n\in \mathbb {N},n\ge 2$$

n
∈
N
,
n
≥
2

is fixed,

$$(p,q),(r,s)\in \mathbb {R}^2$$

(
p
,
q
)

,

(
r
,
s
)

∈

R

2

and

$$x_1,\dots ,x_n\in I$$

x
1

,
⋯
,

x
n

∈
I

. Given a nonempty subinterval I of

$$\mathbb {R}_+$$

R
+

and

$$n\in \mathbb {N}$$

n
∈
N

, we introduce the relations

$$\begin{aligned} \Gamma _n(I)&:=\{((r,s),(p,q))\in \mathbb {R}^2\times \mathbb {R}^2\mid (*) \text{ holds } \text{ for } \text{ all } x_1,\dots ,x_n\in I\}, \\ \Gamma _\infty (I)&:=\bigcap _{n=1}^\infty \Gamma _n(I). \end{aligned}$$

Γ
n

(
I
)

:
=
{

(

(
r
,
s
)

,

(
p
,
q
)

)

∈

R

2

×

R

2

∣

(

∗
)

holds

for

all

x
1

,
⋯
,

x
n

∈
I
}
,

Γ
∞

(
I
)

:
=

⋂

n
=
1

∞

Γ
n

(
I
)

.

In the paper, we investigate the properties of these sets and their dependence on n and on the interval I and we establish a characterizations of these sets via a constrained minimum problem by using a variant of the Lagrange Multiplier Rule. We also formulate two open problems at the end of the paper.
Assessing the Informational Value of Large Language Models Responses in Aesthetic Surgery: A Comparative Analysis with Expert Opinions
Authors: Grippaudo Francesca Romana , Jeri Matteo , Pezzella Michele , Orlando Maria Giulia , Ribuffo Diego 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The increasing popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) in various healthcare settings has raised questions about their ability to provide accurate and reliable information. This study aimed to evaluate the informational value of Large Language Models responses in aesthetic plastic surgery by comparing them with the opinions of experienced surgeons.

Methods
Thirty patients undergoing three common aesthetic procedures—dermal fillers, botulinum toxin injections, and aesthetic blepharoplasty—were selected. The most frequently asked questions by these patients were recorded and submitted to ChatGpt 3.5 and Google Bard v.1.53. The answers provided by the Large Language Models were then evaluated by 13 experienced aesthetic plastic surgeons on a Likert scale for accessibility, accuracy, and overall usefulness.

Results
The overall ratings of the chatbot responses were moderate, with surgeons generally finding them to be accurate and clear. However, the lack of transparency regarding the sources of the information provided by the LLMs made it impossible to fully evaluate their credibility.

Conclusions
While chatbots have the potential to provide patients with convenient access to information about aesthetic plastic surgery, their current limitations in terms of transparency and comprehensiveness warrant caution in their use as a primary source of information. Further research is needed to develop more robust and reliable LLMs for healthcare applications.

Level of Evidence I
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Rare bilateral anatomical variation of the lateral thoracic artery: duplicated arteries with unique origins and pathways
Authors: Rimmer Mark , J. Peacock Warwick , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Mori Shumpei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The lateral thoracic artery (LTA) is one of six main branches that originate from the axillary artery. The LTA has a textbook origin from the 2nd part of the axillary artery posterior to the pectoralis minor muscle. Contrary to the textbook origin, there are numerous reports of LTA variants that originate from the thoracoacromial artery, subscapular artery, and thoracodorsal artery, or even its duplication. This case report involves description of an additional unique duplicate variant of the LTA, bilaterally. The right duplicate LTA has its origin from the 3rd part of the axillary artery and then courses with the axillary sheath before coursing towards the breast. The right duplicate LTA variant also gives off two small subcutaneous branches in the medial upper arm. The left duplicate LTA has its origin from the brachial artery and courses directly to the breast through the axilla. Additional detail on the variants of the LTA could prove useful in surgical procedures that involve the lateral thorax, chest, and axilla and contribute to broader anatomical knowledge.
Association of serum AMH levels with the number of oocytes retrieved in adolescent and young adult women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation
Authors: Kim Sung Woo , Son Hee Jin , Han Ji Yeon , Kim Hoon , Ku Seung-Yup 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate whether the number of oocytes retrieved after controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for fertility preservation (FP) can be predicted using serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in adolescent and young adult (AYA) women.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study in a large university-affiliated fertility center. AYA women aged 11 to 25 years received COS using gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocols for FP were enrolled. Those with canceled cycles or incomplete data were excluded. The primary outcome is to determine whether the number of oocytes retrieved can be predicted through serum AMH levels using multiple linear regression analysis.

Results
The mean numbers of oocytes retrieved, mature oocytes retrieved, and oocytes cryopreserved were 10.3 ± 7.6, 6.9 ± 6.2, and 8.5 ± 6.8, respectively. Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that serum AMH level independently predicts COS outcomes, including the total number of oocytes retrieved (adjusted R
2 = 0.222, P < 0.001), the number of mature oocytes retrieved (adjusted R
2 = 0.102, P = 0.013), and the number of oocytes cryopreserved (adjusted R
2 = 0.153, P = 0.003).

Conclusion
Serum AMH level was a significant predictor of the number of oocytes retrieved after COS for FP in AYA women, while antral follicle count and age were not significantly related.
Survival analysis of laryngeal squamous cell cancer, considering different treatment modalities and other factors influencing survival – a monocentric retrospective investigation
Authors: Répássy Gábor Dénes , Molnár András , Maihoub Stefani , Hargas Dóra , Tamás László 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting laryngeal cancer survival.

Methods
This study retrospectively analysed laryngeal cancer types, treatment options, and potential factors influencing survival.

Results
77 patients (26.27%) had supraglottic laryngeal cancer, 209 (70.13%) had glottic laryngeal cancer, and 7 (3.6%) had subglottic laryngeal cancer. Common comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and coronary disease were observed in 13.65%, 11.9%, and 22.18% of the patients, respectively. Smoking was detected in 88.05% of the patients, while 56.3% reported regular alcohol consumption. The study found that hemilaryngectomy and supraglottic horizontal resection led to significantly longer survival compared to other treatment options (i.e., total laryngectomy, supracricoid horizontal partial laryngectomy, transoral laser cordectomy, chemoradiation, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy), p = 0.000*. Glottic cancers tend to have longer survival when considering laryngeal cancer locations; however, this difference was statistically insignificant (p = 0.640). Statistical comparisons showed significantly longer survival rates for surgical treatments in stages 1 (p = 0.007*) and 4 (p = 0.007*). Factors such as coronary artery disease, higher ECOG performance status, advanced ‘N’ stages, and higher tumour grades were found to significantly worsen survival, as determined by a Cox proportional hazards model.

Conclusion
The study revealed that factors such as coronary disease, patients’ functionality, ‘N’ stages, and tumour grade significantly impacted survival rates. Furthermore, the study found that supraglottic horizontal resection and hemilaryngectomy resulted in the longest survival. Surgical methods were associated with significantly longer survival rates in disease stages 1 and 4.
Biodiversity of strains belonging to the freshwater genus Aquirufa in a riparian forest restoration area in Salzburg, Austria, with a focus on the description of Aquirufa salirivi sp. nov. and Aquirufa novilacunae sp. nov
Authors: Pitt Alexandra , Lienbacher Stefan , Schmidt Johanna , Neumann-Schaal Meina , Wolf Jacqueline , Wenng Hannah , Oren Aharon , Huber Zoe , Hahn Martin W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
During a citizen science project, four freshwater habitats in a riparian forest restoration area in Salzburg, Austria, were sampled. The primary aim was to obtain bacterial strains of the genus Aquirufa, a group of typical and widespread freshwater bacteria. Numerous pure cultures of Aquirufa strains could be obtained, three of them originating from the river Salzach, a newly created pond and the lake Ausee represented new species. Strain 1-SAACH-A3T was characterized by a genome size of 3.2 Mbp and a G + C value of 38.4 mol% and encoded genes predicted for nitrate uptake and nitrous oxide utilization. Strains BAHN-186BT and 2-AUSEE-184A6 were characterized by a genome size of 2.4 Mbp and a G + C value of 42.4 and 42.2 mol%, respectively, and encoded genes predicted for the light-harvesting rhodopsin system. Calculated whole-genome average nucleotide identity values with Aquirufa type strains resulted in a maximum value of 93.65% for comparison of strain 1-SAACHT with the type strain of Aquirufa ecclesiirivi, which is slightly under the proposed threshold of species demarcation. The calculated gANI value comparing strains BAHN-186BT and 2-AUSEE-184A6 revealed 95.76%, thus a value slightly above the threshold. Further analyses revealed that the three new strains represent two new species, proposed here as Aquirufa salirivi sp. nov. with type strain 1-SAACH-A3T (= DSM 117800 T = JCM 37097 T) and Aquirufa novilacunae sp. nov. with type strain BAHN-186BT (= DSM 118143 T = JCM 37099 T). Analyses of 123 publicly available metagenomes and a metagenome of the lake Ausee resulted in no detection of A. salirivi sp. nov. In contrast, A. novilacunae sp. nov. could be detected in 15 water samples of rivers, mainly from Asia, but also from North America and Australia. The analyses suggested that the species occurs in most of these samples in low relative abundance, detections derived from metagenomes of water samples from the river Yangtze in the subtropical zone could be interpreted as occurrence in higher abundances.