bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface properties of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and the effect of their infestation on the surface properties of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) hosts
Authors: Lu Zhongli , Gao Yuxia , Zhang Chenhui , Bao Zhenping , Wang Wenzhong , Lin Jianbin , Du Fengpei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe wettability of the target surfaces affects the wetting and deposition of pesticides on them. The properties of leaf surfaces change after infestation by Tetranychus urticae Koch. Studying the surface wettability of T. urticae and the changes in leaf wettability after infestation is important to guide the use of acaricides.RESULTSThe body surface of T. urticae is an ellipsoidal crown covered with dense cuticle striations and hairs arranged in different directions, which makes the surface of T. urticae rough and hydrophobic. The abaxial surfaces of the leaves are rougher and more hydrophobic than the adaxial surfaces. After infestation by T. urticae, the faded spots were sunken on the adaxial surface and raised on the abaxial surface, where they had formed new wide peaks and valleys. The adaxial surface became obviously rougher and more hydrophobic, while the roughness of the abaxial surface became slightly larger, and the change in hydrophobicity was not obvious. The contact angles of the studied commercial acaricide on these surfaces were greater than 65° and were affected by the infestation. Reducing the surface tension can allow for better wetting of these surfaces and eliminate changes in leaf wettability.CONCLUSIONThe surfaces of kidney bean leaves became more hydrophobic after infestation by T. urticae with hydrophobic surface. The wettability of the acaricide solution should be adjusted according to the changes in leaf wettability. This study has important theoretical guiding significance for improving effective deposition of acaricide.
An event‐triggered integer‐mixed adaptive dynamic programming for switched nonlinear systems with bounded inputs
Authors: Han Xiumei , Qin Haiqin , Wang Zhitao , Xu Ning , Zhao Xudong , Zhao Jinfeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the optimal event‐triggered control for constrained‐input discrete‐time switched nonlinear systems. Firstly, the optimal time‐triggered control problem is analyzed based on the necessary optimality condition. Secondly, the optimal event‐triggered control problem is presented, and the optimal results are presented based on the periodic time‐triggered ones, and an event‐triggered integer‐mixed adaptive dynamic programming algorithm is put forward to obtain the optimal results. The proposed algorithm is only executed at trigger instants, which decreases the execution times compared with the periodic time‐triggered algorithm, and the neural networks are applied to approximate the control input and costate vector functions of each subsystem based on the triggered states. Thirdly, an event‐triggered condition is designed to make the closed‐loop switched system asymptotically stable. Fourthly, it is shown that during the iteration process, the value function sequence corresponding to the costate vector converges to the optimal value function. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented algorithm.
Solid Solution Metal Chalcogenides for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: The Recent Advances as Anodes
Authors: Deng Wentao , Chen Jun , Yang Li , Liang Xinxing , Yin Shouyi , Deng Xinglan , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe sodium‐ion battery (SIB) has attracted ever growing attention as a promising alternative of the lithium‐ion battery (LIB). Constructing appropriate anode materials is critical for speeding up the application of SIB. This review aims at guiding anode design from the material's perspective, and specifically focusing on solid solution metal chalcogenide anode. The sodium ion storage mechanisms of a solid solution metal chalcogenide anode is overviewed on basis of the elements it is composed of, and discusses how the solid solution character alters the electrochemical performances through diffusion and surface‐controlled processes. In addition, by classifying solid solution metal chalcogenide as cation and anion, their recent applications are updated, and understanding the roles of guest elements in improving the electrochemical behaviors of a solid solution metal chalcogenide is carried out. After that, discussion of possible strategies to further optimize these anode materials in the future, flowing from crystal structure design to morphology control and finally to the intimacy improvement between conductive matrix and solid solution metal chalcogenide are also provided.
Polarized Electroluminescence Emission in High‐Performance Quantum Rod Light‐Emitting Diodes via the Langmuir‐Blodgett Technique
Authors: Rhee Seunghyun , Jung Dongju , Kim Dahin , Lee Doh C. , Lee Changhee , Roh Jeongkyun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDue to their anisotropic structure, quantum rods (QRs) feature unique properties that differ from quantum dots, such as suppression of non‐radiative Auger recombination and linearly polarized light emission. Despite many potential advantages, the progress of QR‐based light‐emitting diodes (QR‐LEDs) is left behind due to the difficulty in aligning QRs. In this study, polarized electroluminescence emission is reported in high‐performance QR‐LEDs by employing the Langmuir‐Blodgett (LB) technique. The adoption of the LB technique successfully produces a highly dense and smooth QR film with a high degree of alignment. As a result, the aligned QR films exhibit polarized photoluminescence emission with a degree of linear polarization of 2.1. Advantageous features of the LB technique, such as nondestructiveness, precise thickness control, and the nonnecessity of an additional matrix material, allow to fabricate QR‐LEDs with the same procedure as the standard spin coating‐based scheme. The device is fabricated via the LB technique, which shows excellent device performance, such as the low turn‐on voltage of 1.8 V, peak luminance of 56 287 cd m−2, and peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 10.33%. Furthermore, these devices clearly exhibit an indication of polarized electroluminescence emission, which opens new opportunities for QRs in display technologies.
An integrated morpho‐molecular study of Salicornia (Amaranthaceae‐Chenopodiaceae) in Iran proves Irano‐Turanian region the major center of diversity of annual glasswort species
Authors: Chatrenoor Targol , Akhani Hossein 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSalicornia (Chenopodiaceae) with ca. 25–30 annual, hyperhalophytic succulent species is a taxonomically difficult sub‐cosmopolitan genus. The taxonomic complexity arose from succulent shoots causing a lack of taxonomically useful characters, scarcity and variability of characters, and poor genetic differentiation. The Irano‐Turanian region, a major center for several lineages of chenopod diversification, is also an important diversity center and more likely the center of origin of annual Salicornia. This paper presents long‐term comprehensive morpho‐molecular and cytological studies of the genus in Iran, as the most species‐rich country in the Irano‐Turanian region. We originally generated 250 sequences of one nuclear (ETS) and two plastid markers (atpB‐rbcL spacer, intron rpl16). We analyzed a global ETS dataset including 257 sequences of putative 28 taxa using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analysis. In order to evaluate the application of plastid data in species taxonomy in annual Salicornia, we performed numerical morphological analysis (principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering) of 186 Iranian accessions using 18 characters. Our results (1) confirm the efficiency of plastid sequences comparing to ETS sequences for clarifying species‐level phylogeny of Salicornia; (2) identify the S. persica clade as a monophyletic Irano‐Turanian endemic lineage; (3) recognize nine origins of the Irano‐Turanian Salicornia based on nuclear ETS sequences; (4) approve the monophyly of tetraploid species using plastid sequences; (5) provide a synopsis and diagnostic key for 10 Iranian taxa of Salicornia; (6) describe S. turanica sp. nov.; (7) classify S. iranica at infraspecific level (S. iranica subsp. iranica, S. iranica subsp. rudshurensis comb. nov., S. iranica subsp. sinus‐persica comb. & stat. nov.); (8) suggest three informal taxa to be studied in the future; and (9) discuss the threatened status of Salicornia‐dominated ecosystems in Iran.
Quadratic-in-spin Hamiltonian at $$ \mathcal{O} $$(G2) from scattering amplitudes
Authors: Kosmopoulos Dimitrios , Luna Andres 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We obtain the quadratic-in-spin terms of the conservative Hamiltonian describing the interactions of a binary of spinning bodies in General Relativity through $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(G2) and to all orders in velocity. Our calculation extends a recently-introduced framework based on scattering amplitudes and effective field theory to consider non-minimal coupling of the spinning objects to gravity. At the order that we consider, we establish the validity of the formula proposed in [1] that relates the impulse and spin kick in a scattering event to the eikonal phase.
Leading jets and energy loss
Authors: Neill Duff , Ringer Felix , Sato Nobuo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe formation and evolution of leading jets can be described by jet functions which satisfy non-linear DGLAP-type evolution equations. Different than for inclusive jets, the leading jet functions constitute normalized probability densities for the leading jet to carry a longitudinal momentum fraction relative to the initial fragmenting parton. We present a parton shower algorithm which allows for the calculation of leading-jet cross sections where logarithms of the jet radius and threshold logarithms are resummed to next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL′) accuracy. By calculating the mean of the leading jet distribution, we are able to quantify the average out-of-jet radiation, the so-called jet energy loss. When an additional reference scale is measured, we are able to determine the energy loss of leading jets at the cross section level which is identical to parton energy loss at leading-logarithmic accuracy. We identify several suitable cross sections for an extraction of the jet energy loss and we present numerical results for leading subjets at the LHC. In addition, we consider hemisphere and event-wide leading jets in electron-positron annihilation similar to measurements performed at LEP. Besides the average energy loss, we also consider its variance and other statistical quantities such as the KL divergence which quantifies the difference between quark and gluon jet energy loss. We expect that our results will be particularly relevant for quantifying the energy loss of quark and gluon jets that propagate through hot or cold nuclear matter.
Penisphlegmone als Differenzialdiagnose zur Kindsmisshandlung
Authors: Opp J. , Brüning T. , Banaschak S. , Brokmeier U. 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der Notaufnahme wurde ein 14 Monate alter Säugling mit einer lividen Schwellung des Penis vorgestellt, die wie ein Hämatom imponierte. Da die anamnestischen Angaben keine plausible Erklärung für einen möglichen Unfallhergang lieferten, bestand zunächst der Verdacht auf eine nichtakzidentelle Verletzung. Auch die Sozialanamnese bot Hinweise in diese Richtung.Als Ursache der Schwellung und Verfärbung stellte sich dann eine Penisphlegmone heraus, die mittels i.v.-antibiotischer Therapie rasch erfolgreich behandelt werden konnte.
Existence, Comparison, and Convergence Results for a Class of Elliptic Hemivariational Inequalities
Authors: Gariboldi Claudia M. , Migórski Stanisław , Ochal Anna , Tarzia Domingo A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper we study a class of elliptic boundary hemivariational inequalities which originates in the steady-state heat conduction problem with nonmonotone multivalued subdifferential boundary condition on a portion of the boundary described by the Clarke generalized gradient of a locally Lipschitz function. First, we prove a new existence result for the inequality employing the theory of pseudomonotone operators. Next, we give a result on comparison of solutions, and provide sufficient conditions that guarantee the asymptotic behavior of solution, when the heat transfer coefficient tends to infinity. Further, we show a result on the continuous dependence of solution on the internal energy and heat flux. Finally, some examples of convex and nonconvex potentials illustrate our hypotheses.
A feasibility analysis of the ArcBlate MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound system for the ablation of uterine fibroids
Authors: Wang Chin-Jung , Lin Gigin , Huang Yi-Ting , Weng Cindy Hsuan , Wu Kai-Yun , Su Yu-Ying , Lin Yu-Shan , Mak Kit-Sum 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Uterine fibroids are benign gynecologic tumors and commonly occur in women by the age of 50. Women with symptomatic uterine fibroids generally receive surgical intervention, while they do not favor the invasive therapies. To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU) modality, ArcBlate, in the treatment of uterine fibroids.

Methods
Nine patients with uterine fibroids and one patient with adenomyosis were treated with ArcBlate MRgHIFU. Tumor size and quality of life were evaluated postoperatively at 1 and 3 months by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), respectively.

Results
All patients completed the ArcBlate MRgHIFU procedure and there were no treatment-related adverse effects either during the procedure or during the 3 months of follow-up. Despite limiting the ablation volume to under 50% of the treated fibroid volume as a safety precaution, tumor volumes were markedly reduced in four patients by 15.78–58.87% at 3-month post-treatment. Moreover, SF-36 scale scores had improved at 3 months from baseline by 2–8 points in six patients, indicating relief of symptoms and improved quality of life.

Conclusion
This study evidence demonstrates the safety and feasibility of ArcBlate MRgHIFU and suggests its potential for treating uterine fibroids.
Multicriteria asset allocation in practice
Authors: Dächert Kerstin , Grindel Ria , Leoff Elisabeth , Mahnkopp Jonas , Schirra Florian , Wenzel Jörg 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the strategic asset allocation of an insurance company. This task can be seen as a special case of portfolio optimization. In the 1950s, Markowitz proposed to formulate portfolio optimization as a bicriteria optimization problem considering risk and return as objectives. However, recent developments in the field of insurance require four and more objectives to be considered, among them the so-called solvency ratio that stems from the Solvency II directive of the European Union issued in 2009. Moreover, the distance to the current portfolio plays an important role. While the literature on portfolio optimization with three objectives is already scarce, applications in the financial context with four and more objectives have not yet been solved so far by multi-objective approaches based on scalarizations. However, recent algorithmic improvements in the field of exact multi-objective methods allow the incorporation of many objectives and the generation of well-spread representations within few iterations. We describe the implementation of such an algorithm for a strategic asset allocation with four objective functions and demonstrate its usefulness for the practitioner. Our approach is in operative use in a German insurance company. Our partners report a significant improvement in their decision-making process since, due to the proper integration of the new objectives, the software proposes portfolios of much better quality than before within short running time.
The mechanisms involved in the resistance of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells to palbociclib are multiple and change over time
Authors: Ono Mayu , Oba Takaaki , Shibata Tomohiro , Ito Ken-ichi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are widely used for the treatment of advanced estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. To develop a treatment strategy for cancers resistant to CDK4/6 inhibitors, here, we established palbociclib-resistant sublines and analyzed their resistance mechanisms.

Methods
Palbociclib-resistant sublines were established from T47D and MCF7 cells. Sensitivity to other drugs was assessed via the WST assay. Altered expression/phosphorylation of proteins related to signal transduction and cell cycle regulation was examined using western blotting. Copy number alterations and mutations in the retinoblastoma (RB1) gene were also analyzed.

Results
Although an increase in CDK6 and decrease in retinoblastoma protein (Rb) expression/phosphorylation were commonly observed in the resistant sublines, changes in other cell cycle-related proteins were heterogeneous. Upon extended exposure to palbociclib, the expression/phosphorylation of these proteins became altered, and the long-term removal of palbociclib did not restore the Rb expression/phosphorylation patterns. Consistently a copy number decrease, as well as RB1 mutations were detected. Moreover, although the resistant sublines exhibited cross-resistance to abemaciclib, their response to dinaciclib was the same as that of wild-type cells. Of note, the cell line exhibiting increased mTOR phosphorylation also showed a higher sensitivity to everolimus. However, the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents was unchanged in palbociclib-resistant sublines.

Conclusion
ER-positive breast cancer cells use multiple molecular mechanisms to survive in the presence of palbociclib, suggesting that targeting activated proteins may be an effective strategy to overcome resistance. Additionally, palbociclib monotherapy induces mutations and copy number alterations in the RB1 gene.
Evolution of diagenetic conditions and burial history in Buntsandstein Gp. fractured sandstones (Upper Rhine Graben) from in-situ δ18O of quartz and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of K-feldspar overgrowths
Authors: Bossennec Claire , Géraud Yves , Böcker Johannes , Klug Bernd , Mattioni Luca , Sizun Jean-Pierre , Sudo Masafumi , Moretti Isabelle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn-situ δ18O measured in the quartz overgrowths help identify temperature and fluid origin variations responsible for cementation of the pore network (matrix and fracture) in the Buntsandstein Gp. sandstone reservoirs within the Upper Rhine Graben. The overgrowths record two types of the evolution of δ18O: 1) a monotonous decrease of the δ18Oovergrowth interpreted as linked to an increasing burial temperature and 2) random fluctuations, interpreted as pointing out the injection of allochthonous fluids in faulted areas, on the cementation processes of the pore network (both intergranular and fracture planes). Fluids causing the quartz cementation are either autochthonous buffered in 18O from clay illitisation; or allochthonous fluids of meteoric origin with δ18O below − 5%. These allochthonous fluids are in thermal disequilibrium with the host sandstone. The measured signal of δ18Oovergrowth measured from samples and calculated curves testing hypothetic δ18Ofluid are compared to T–t evolution during burial. This modelling proposes the initiation of quartz cementation during the Jurassic and is validated by the in-situ 40Ar/39Ar dating results obtained on the feldspar overgrowths predating quartz overgrowths. A similar diagenetic history is recorded on the graben shoulders and in the buried parts of the basin. Here, the beginning of the pore network cementation predates the structuration in blocks of the basin before the Cenozoic graben opening.
Application of quinoline derivatives in third-generation photovoltaics
Authors: Lewinska Gabriela , Sanetra Jerzy , Marszalek Konstanty W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAmong many chemical compounds synthesized for third-generation photovoltaic applications, quinoline derivatives have recently gained popularity. This work reviews the latest developments in the quinoline derivatives (metal complexes) for applications in the photovoltaic cells. Their properties for photovoltaic applications are detailed: absorption spectra, energy levels, and other achievements presented by the authors. We have also outlined various methods for testing the compounds for application. Finally, we present the implementation of quinoline derivatives in photovoltaic cells. Their architecture and design are described, and also, the performance for polymer solar cells and dye-synthesized solar cells was highlighted. We have described their performance and characteristics. We have also pointed out other, non-photovoltaic applications for quinoline derivatives. It has been demonstrated and described that quinoline derivatives are good materials for the emission layer of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and are also used in transistors. The compounds are also being considered as materials for biomedical applications.
Cassava mosaic disease and its management in Southeast Asia
Authors: Uke Ayaka , Tokunaga Hiroki , Utsumi Yoshinori , Vu Nguyen Anh , Nhan Pham Thi , Srean Pao , Hy Nguyen Huu , Ham Le Huy , Lopez-Lavalle Luis Augusto Becerra , Ishitani Manabu , Hung Nguyen , Tuan Le Ngoc , Van Hong Nguyen , Huy Ngo Quang , Hoat Trinh Xuan , Takasu Keiji , Seki Motoaki , Ugaki Masashi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Key message
Status of the current outbreak of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) in Southeast Asia was reviewed. Healthy cassava seed production and dissemination systems have been established in Vietnam and Cambodia, along with integrated disease and pest management systems, to combat the outbreak.

Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important edible crops in tropical and subtropical regions. Recently, invasive insect pests and diseases have resulted in serious losses to cassava in Southeast Asia. In this review we discuss the current outbreak of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) caused by the Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) in Southeast Asia, and summarize similarities between SLCMV and other cassava mosaic begomoviruses. A SATREPS (Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development) project “Development and dissemination of sustainable production systems based on invasive pest management of cassava in Vietnam, Cambodia and Thailand”, was launched in 2016, which has been funded by The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and The Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Japan. The objectives of SATREPS were to establish healthy seed production and dissemination systems for cassava in south Vietnam and Cambodia, and to develop management systems for plant diseases and insect pests of cassava. To achieve these goals, model systems of healthy seed production in Vietnam and Cambodia have been developed incorporating CMD-resistant planting materials through international networks with The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA).