bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contextual Contact Tracing based on Stochastic Compartment Modeling and Spatial Risk Assessment
Authors: Mahmood Mateen , Mateu Jorge , Orallo Enrique Hernández 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The current situation of COVID-19 highlights the paramount importance of infectious disease surveillance, which necessitates early monitoring for effective response. Policymakers are interested in data insights identifying high-risk areas as well as individuals to be quarantined, especially as the public gets back to their normal routine. We investigate both requirements by the implementation of disease outbreak modeling and exploring its induced dynamic spatial risk in form of risk assessment, along with its real-time integration back into the disease model. This paper implements a contact tracing-based stochastic compartment model as a baseline, to further modify the existing setup to include the spatial risk. This modification of each individual-level contact's intensity to be dependent on its spatial location has been termed as Contextual Contact Tracing. The results highlight that the inclusion of spatial context tends to send more individuals into quarantine which reduces the overall spread of infection. With a simulated example of an induced spatial high-risk, it is highlighted that the new spatio-SIR model can act as a tool to empower the analyst with a capability to explore disease dynamics from a spatial perspective. We conclude that the proposed spatio-SIR tool can be of great help for policymakers to know the consequences of their decision prior to their implementation.
Pediatric Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing is Associated with Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Rossi-Monteiro Eduardo Machado , Sefair Laura Rodrigues , Lima Marcos Correia , Nascimento Maria Fernanda Lima , Mendes-Pinto Daniel , Anschuetz Lukas , Rodrigues-Machado Maria Gloria 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The association between obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (oSDB) and arterial stiffness, an independent predictor of cardiovascular outcomes, is not well established in children. This study compared cardiovascular parameters between healthy and oSDB children and aimed to identify predictors of arterial stiffness indices in children with oSDB.
Methods
Cross-sectional study realized in a tertiary hospital from June 2018 to January 2020. 48 children (3 to 10 years old) with clinical diagnosis of oSDB and indication for adenotonsillectomy and 24 controls were evaluated. Cardiovascular parameters were measured non-invasively by brachial artery oscillometry with a portable device. The main arterial stiffness indices assessed were augmentation index and pulse wave velocity, both derived from the aortic pulse wave. In the oSDB group, the questionnaires Obstructive Sleep Apnea-18 and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 were applied.
Results
The oSDB group had higher values of reflection coefficient (p = 0.044) and augmentation index (p = 0.003) than the control group. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that age, female sex, reflection coefficient and systolic volume were independent predictors of augmentation index. Higher pulse wave velocity values were associated with worse quality of life assessed by PedsQL questionnaire. There was no association with OSA-18. The vascular and hemodynamic parameters were similar in both groups.
Conclusion
Children with oSDB have increased augmentation index, an independent predictor of cardiovascular outcomes. The early identification of subclinical cardiovascular changes reinforces the importance of treating the disease, as well as changing lifestyle habits, to prevent complications in adulthood.
The Use of Online Video Consultations in the Aftercare of Orthopedic Patients: a Prospective Case-control Study
Authors: Estel Katharina , Weber Gordian , Fellmer Felix , Richter Luise , Tsitsilonis Serafeim , Willy Christian , Back David Alexander 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Video consultations have proven to be a powerful support for patient-doctor interactions, not only at times of the Covid-19 pandemic. This study analyzed both patients’ and doctors’ acceptance of an orthopedic telemedical consultation (OTC) and compared the examination results of OTC to live consultation (LC) results for discrepancies.Methods: The study was carried out in an orthopedic department of a German hospital between 2019 and 2020. After written informed consent, patients presented voluntarily for follow-ups by OTC and additionally in LC. Both patients and doctors were evaluated for their OTC experience and attitude (Likert-scaled and open questions, 26 to 28 items). The examination results of the OTC versus the LC were compared using a 12-items-checklist. Data was analyzed by quantitative and qualitative statistics. Results: A total of 53 patient cases were included. The OTC atmosphere was rated as pleasant and the experience as very satisfying (average rating on 5-point Likert-Scale, with 1 as strong agreement: doctors: 1.2; patients: 1.3). Various technical and organizational challenges could be identified. OTC, compared to LC, showed no significant differences in patient history, and for results in inspection, palpation and active range of motion. Only in the functional or “passive joint assessment” LC showed a significantly higher suitability (p < 0.05) compared to OTC. Recommendations for further procedures as a result from the OTC, did not significantly differ from the LC.Conclusion: Because of the positive acceptance and the objective benefit of OTC, with very similar clinical results to LC, OTC is recommendable for orthopedic follow-up examinations. In order to assess the functionality of a joint even better, meaningful digital alternatives for already established examination methods should be further investigated.
Peripheral Inflammation is Associated with brain SPECT Perfusion Changes in Schizophrenia
Authors: FOND Guillaume , GAROSI Alexandra , Faugere Mélanie , Campion Jacques-Yves , LANCON Christophe , Boyer Laurent , RICHIERI Raphaelle , Guedj Eric 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose. Peripheral inflammation is frequent in schizophrenia, and plays a major role in pathophysiology, prognosis, and persistence of psychotic symptomatology under treatment. Aim. To determine the correlation between peripheral inflammation and brain SPECT perfusion in stabilized antipsychotic-treated outpatients with schizophrenia, and to determine whether such perfusion changes are correlated to persistent symptoms. Methods. Highly sensitive C-reactive protein blood level (hs-CRP) and brain SPECT perfusion were assessed in 137 stabilized outpatients with schizophrenia. Whole-brain voxel-based associations were searched with SPM between SPECT perfusion and hs-CRP (correlation analysis to quantitative levels and between-group analysis according to a threshold of 3mg/L). The identified clusters were secondarily correlated with clinical symptoms.Results. After adjustment for age, sex, educational level, illness duration, antidepressant, chlorpromazine equivalent dose, tobacco smoking and obesity, a negative correlation was found between hs-CRP level and the perfusion of 4 brain areas: the right inferior frontal gyrus, the right middle/superior temporal gyrus, the left superior parietal lobe and the right postcentral/transverse temporal gyrus (p-voxel < 0.001, k > 80, uncorrected). An increased perfusion of the left amygdala was found in patients with hs-CRP ≥ 3 mg/L compared to those with hs-CRP level < 3mg/L. A negative correlation was found between perfusion of the right inferior frontal gyrus and the persistence of positive, negative and excitement symptoms under antipsychotic treatment. Conclusion. In stabilized patients with schizophrenia, peripheral inflammation is associated with brain perfusion changes that are correlated with the persistence of psychotic symptomatology.
What's behind 68Ga-PSMA-11 Uptake in Primary Prostate Cancer PET? Investigation of Histopathological Parameters and Immunohistochemical PSMA Expression Patterns.
Authors: Rüschoff Jan H. , Ferraro Daniela A. , Muehlematter Urs J. , Hermanns Thomas , Rodewald Ann-Katrin , Moch Holger , Eberli Daniel , Burger Irene A. , Rupp Niels J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA-) PET has become a promising tool in staging and restaging of prostate carcinoma (PCa). However, specific primary tumour features might impact accuracy of PSMA-PET for PCa detection. We investigated histopathological parameters and immunohistochemical PSMA expression patterns on radical prostatectomy (RPE) specimens and correlated them to the corresponding 68Ga-PSMA-11-PET examinations.Methods: RPE specimen of 62 patients with preoperative 68Ga-PSMA-11-PET between 2016 and 2018 were analyzed. WHO/ISUP grade groups, growth pattern (expansive vs. infiltrative), tumour area and diameter as well as immunhistochemical PSMA heterogeneity, intensity and negative tumour area (PSMA%neg) were correlated with spatially corresponding SUVmax on 68Ga-PSMA-11-PET in a multidisciplinary analysis.Results: All tumours showed medium to strong membranous (2-3+) and weak to strong cytoplasmic (1-3+) PSMA expression. Heterogeneously expressed PSMA was found in 38 cases (61%). Twenty-five cases (40%) showed at least 5% and up to 80% PSMA%neg. PSMA%neg, infiltrative growth pattern, smaller tumour area and diameter and WHO/ISUP grade group 2 significantly correlated with lower SUVmax values. A ROC curve analysis revealed 20% PSMA%neg as an optimal cutoff with the highest sensitivity and specificity (89% and 86%, AUC 0.923) for a negative PSMA-PET scan. A multiple logistic regression model revealed tumoural PSMA%neg (p<0.01, OR=9.629) and growth pattern (p=0.0497, OR=306.537) as significant predictors for a negative PSMA-PET scan.Conclusions: We describe PSMA%neg, infiltrative growth pattern, smaller tumour size and WHO/ISUP grade group 2 as parameters associated with a lower 68Ga-PSMA-11 uptake in prostate cancer. These findings can serve as fundament for future biopsy-based biomarker development to enable an individualized, tumour-adapted imaging approach.
Investigation of contamination pathway and human health risk assessment from metals in milk from the cows grazing in an industrial area: a mass balance approach
Authors: Chaithanya Muthyala Sai , Das Bhaskar , R Vidya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The water bodies within the industrial areas are often used for the disposal of effluents leading to heavy metal contamination in water, soil, and vegetation. However, the impact of this metal enrichment on the food web has not been much explored. The present study investigates the food chain contamination of eight metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in the milk from the cattle grazing on a shallow lake bed within the industrial town of Ranipet, India, and associated health risk from the consumption in adults and children. The average concentrations were found to be 24.93, 7.08, 3.31, 0.18, 0.12, 0.08, 0.014, and 0.008 in mg/L for Zn, Al, Fe, Cr, Pb, Mn, Cu, and Cd, respectively. The hazard indices ranged from 0.55 to 1.85 for children; the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) values of Cd and Cr were above 10 − 4 for consumption of milk in both adults and children, which signify serious health risk. The mass balance evaluates the primary intake of all the metals, except Al, are from forage; where for Al it is from the soil. The existing milk consumption patterns projected that 531 children and 1279 adults, drinking contaminated milk are at considerable risk. The analyses of tail switch hair samples indicated the cattle are also environmentally exposed to metals indicating their subclinical effect. Hence the study alerts the elevated and often overlooked risk associated with the food chain contamination from milk in the industrial belt and recommends stringent quality control and monitoring.
Interacting roles of COMT and GAD1 genes in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A genetic association study of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls
Authors: Kogure Masanobu , Kanahara Nobuhisa , Miyazawa Atsuhiro , Oishi Kengo , Nakata Yusuke , Oda Yasunori , Iyo Masaomi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The projection from dopaminergic neurons to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons in the prefrontal cortex is involved in the etiology of schizophrenia. The impact of interacting effects between dopamine signals and the expression of GABA on the clinical phenotypes of schizophrenia has not been studied. Since these interactions could be closely involved in prefrontal cortex functions, patients with specific alleles of these relevant molecules (which lead to lower or vulnerable genetic functions) may develop treatment-refractory symptoms. Subjects and
Methods
We conducted a genetic association study focusing on COMT and GAD1 genes for a treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) group (n = 171), a non-TRS group (n = 592) and healthy controls (HC: n = 437), and we examined allelic combinations specific to TRS.
Results
The results revealed that the percentage of subjects with Met allele of rs4680 on the COMT gene and C/C homozygote of rs3470934 of the GAD1 gene was significantly higher in the TRS group than the other two groups. There was no significant difference between the non-TRS group and HC groups.
Conclusions
Considering the direction of functions of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms revealed by previous studies, we speculate that subjects with the Met/CC allelic combination could have a higher dopamine level and a lower expression of GABA in the prefrontal cortex. Our results suggest that an interaction between the dopaminergic signal and GABA signal intensities could differ between TRS patients and patients with other types of schizophrenia and healthy subjects.
N-glycoproteomic analysis of Ginsenoside Rb1 on a hyperlipidemia rat model
Authors: Ma Yixin , Ning Shunyu , Song Nan , Chen Si , Leng Xue , Jia Lianqun , Yang Guanlin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Ginsenoside Rb1, known as Renshen in traditional Chinese medicine, is one of the major bioactive saponins isolated from Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. N-glycosylation is the most common type of post-translational modification in cells. The widespread localization of N-glycosylated proteins (N-glycoproteins) between extracellular spaces and on the cell surfaces give them unique advantages as disease biomarkers and drug targets. Previous study found that Ginsenoside Rb1 could potentially play a preventive role in hyperlipidemia. This study aims to reveal the hypolipidemic effect at the protein modification level. Methods: 24 male SD rats were randomly devided into 3 groups: control group (CON), high fat diet group (HFD) and Ginsenoside Rb1 group (Rb1). Both HFD and Rb1 groups were fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks. The Rb1 group started intragastric administering Ginsenoside Rb1 200 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 at 5th week for 8 weeks, while the CON and HFD group the same amount of normal saline for the same amount of time. Lipid levels and liver histology were assayed to evaluate the effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 intake on hyperlipidemia rats. Furthermore, the workflow by combination of isotope TMT labeling, HILIC enrichment, and high-resolution LC-MS/MS analysis were employed to exploring the mechanisms of regulation role in hyperlipidemia rats.Results: The histopathologic characteristics and biochemical data shows that Ginsenoside Rb1 exhibited regulative effects on hyperlipidemia rats. After being analyzed by N-glycoproteomic, 98 differential N-glycosylation sites on 53 glycoproteins between 2 comparison groups (HFD: CON, Rb1: HFD) were identified. Analyses of N-glycosylation sites distribution found that albumin (Alb) and Serpinc1 were most heavily modified with 6 N-glycosylation sites changed in this work. GO enrichment analysis showed that differential modified glycoproteins were involved in inflammatory response, cellular iron ion homeostasis and positive regulation of cholesterol efflux etc. biosynthetic process. Complement and coagulation cascades was the most significant enriched in the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Conclusions: This study presents a comprehensive analysis of a new set of N-glycoproteins which are altered by Ginsenoside Rb1 and offers some valuable clues for novel mechanistic insights into the ragulative mechanism of Ginsenoside Rb1. Results from N-glycoproteomic suggest that to suppress hyperlipidemia, Rb1 may regulates N-glycosylation of Alb, Serpinc1, PON1, Lrp1, Cp and THBS1, as well as differentially modified glycoproteins in complement and coagulation cascades, which in turn improve the imbalance of lipid homeostasis.
Prey Refuges in Emergent Vegetation Enhance Diving Beetle (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) Diversity in Urban Ponds in the Presence of Predatory Fish
Authors: Liao Wenfei , Venn Stephen , Niemelä Jari 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aquatic plants are important prey refugia for aquatic organisms, and their species richness is positively related with aquatic invertebrate species richness. Yet, little is known about how the quantity of refugia, i.e. aquatic vegetation cover, affect aquatic invertebrate assemblages and their habitat use in different levels of predation risks. Here, we investigated how provision of refugia affects diving beetle (Dytiscidae) species richness and abundance in the presence and absence of fish predators. We found that plant cover affected dytiscid populations differently: (1) At the pond level, dytiscid presence was positively correlated with increasing plant cover, both with and without fish, indicating the importance of emergent plants for aquatic biodiversity. (2) At the microhabitat level, dytiscid species richness and abundance responded positively to increasing plant cover in ponds with fish, but there was no such relationship in fishless ponds, emphasizing that the level of predation risks can alter prey species’ use of prey refugia. Our findings provide evidence that the availability of both vegetated and non-vegetated microhabitats can benefit a diversity of aquatic invertebrates. We suggest maintaining variation in provision of emergent plant cover to retain high habitat heterogeneity in urban ponds to enhance freshwater biodiversity.
Genetic and tumor microenvironment differences between cell cycle progression pathway altered/non-altered patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shan Guangyao , Bi Guoshu , Bian Yunyi , Valeria Besskaya , Zeng Dejun , Zhang Huan , Yao Guangyu , Zhang Yi , Fan Hong , Zhan Cheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, among which lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type. Identified as a hallmark of cancer, the dysregulated cell cycle progression plays an important role in the promotion and progression of LUAD. This article aims to elucidate the heterogeneity between CDKN2A-CDK/cyclin-RB1 cell cycle progression pathway altered /non-altered patients with LUAD, thus helping us have a better understanding of the effect of the aberrant cell cycle.
Material and Methods

The data of this study were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data portal (https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/) and UCSC Xena Browser (http://xena.ucsc.edu/), including simple nucleotide variation data, RNA-seq gene expression data, survival data, clinical data, and miRNA expression data. After matching the RNA-seq gene expression data, simple nucleotide variation data, miRNA expression data, and survival data with clinical data, 510 gene and long non-coding RNA expression data, 506 simple nucleotide variation data, 440 microRNA expression data, and 497 survival data were included in this study for further analysis. R software (version 4.0.3) was used for analysis.
Results

After dividing the patients into mutation (n = 57) and wild (n = 453) groups according to the cell cycle progression pathway status, we found no significant difference in survivorship between them. The mutation group had a higher mutational load and mutational rates of various genes such as tumor protein P53 (TP53) compared to the wild group. Subsequently, we analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups. Among the 58387 genes analyzed, 302 were upregulated, and 354 were downregulated in the mutation group. Enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs were closely related to metabolism items and cell cycle-related events. After performing immune cell infiltration analysis, we found the two groups have different patterns of immune cell profiling. Albeit the immune and stromal scores were higher in the wild group, we failed to find any significant difference between the two groups. Finally, we build a computational model to predict the cell cycle progression pathway-related gene mutation by LASSO-binary logistic regression analysis, the predictive accuracy of which is 0.88.
Conclusion

In summary, our study compared the genetic and microenvironment differences between cell cycle progression pathway altered /non-altered patients with LUAD by analyzing the data from TCGA datasets. We hope our findings could improve our understanding of the heterogeneity between the two kinds of patients, thus providing new insight into LUAD patients' treatments.
Mesenchymal stromal cells attenuate pulmonary fibrosis via macrophage
Authors: Tang Zan , Gao Junxiao , Wu Jie , Zeng Guifang , Liao Yan , Song Zhenkun , Liang Xiao , Hu Junyuan , Hu Yong , Liu Muyun , Li Nan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background：Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a growing clinical problem with limited therapeutic options. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell (hucMSC) therapy is being investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of PF patients. However, little is known about the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of hucMSC therapy on PF. In this study, the molecular and cellular behavior of hucMSC was investigated in a bleomycin induced mouse PF model. Methods: The effect of hucMSC on mouse lung regeneration was determined by detecting Ki67 expression and Edu incorporation in alveolar type 2 (AT2) and lung fibroblast cells. The hucMSC was transfected to express the membrane localized GFP before transplant into the mouse lung. The cellular behavior of hucMSC in mouse lung was tracked by GFP staining. Single cell RNA sequencing was performed to investigate the molecular mechanism of hucMSC on PF. Results: hucMSCs could alleviate collagen accumulation in lung and decrease the mortality of mouse induced by bleomycin. hucMSCs transplantation promoted AT2 cell proliferation and inhibited lung fibroblast cell proliferation. Mouse lung macrophage phenotype was changed after interacting with hucMSCs. By using single-cell RNA sequencing, a subcluster of interferon-sensitive macrophages were identified after hucMSC infusion. These macrophages elevate the secretion of CXCL9 and CXCL10 following hucMSC infusion and recruit more Treg cells to the injured lung. Conclusions: Our study establishes a link between hucMSCs, macrophage proliferation, and PF with potential applications in PF therapeutics. It provides new insights into how hucMSCs interact with macrophage during the repair process of bleomycin-induced PF and play its immunoregulation function.