bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic literature review on employee relations with CSR: State of art and future research agenda
Authors: Onkila Tiina , Sarna Bhavesh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWithin recent years, the literature on employee–CSR relations has grown significantly. However, the research is fragmented throughout various journals and disciplines, and we still lack a comprehensive literature review on the topic to show what we currently know about the employee relationship with CSR, and what we do not know. In this study, we conduct a systematic literature review on employee relations with CSR, based 331 journal articles. We analyze their methodological and theoretical approaches. Based on their key findings, we build a categorization of dominant research findings and their connections. Building on our review, we show how the research has been dominated by a focus on the organizational implementation of CSR and organizational benefits. Employees have been mainly perceived as implementers of top‐down sustainability policies and as mediators towards organizational CSR‐related benefits. We also discuss the need for future research on the more active role of employees in CSR relations, especially bottom‐up change processes and understanding the role of tensions and complexities.
Social status modulates the behavioral and physiological consequences of a chemical pollutant in animal groups
Authors: McCallum Erin S. , Dey Cody J. , Cerveny Daniel , Bose Aneesh P. H. , Brodin Tomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe social environment (i.e., the suite of social interactions that occur among individuals that can result in variation in social ranks) is a commonly overlooked aspect of biology when scientists evaluate the effects of chemical contaminants. The social environment, however, represents the arena in which individual‐level performance shapes group‐ or population‐level outcomes and may therefore mediate many of the ultimate consequences of chemicals for wildlife. Here, we evaluated the role that the social environment plays in determining the consequences of pollutant exposure. We exposed groups of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) to an emerging pharmaceutical pollutant that is commonly detected in freshwaters (the benzodiazepine, oxazepam) and allowed them to form dominance hierarchies. Exposure affected dominant and subordinate fish differently, causing fish to become less aggressive at high doses and subordinate fish to become more competitively successful at low doses. These perturbations had further consequences for growth, fin damage, and survival. Exposure also modulated physiological stress in the hierarchy, and social status itself affected how much oxazepam was absorbed in tissues, potentially creating a dynamic feedback loop that further influences the asymmetric effects of exposure on differing social statuses. Many effects followed a “U‐shaped” dose‐response curve, highlighting the importance of nonlinear, low‐dose effects. Altogether, we show that social structure in animal groups can interact with and modulate the effects of an environmental contaminant. We underscore the need to account for an organism’s natural ecological context, including their social environment, in future experiments and environmental risk assessments to predict the effects of chemical contaminants on wildlife.
Leopard (Panthera pardus) occupancy in the Chure range of Nepal
Authors: Lamichhane Babu Ram , Lamichhane Saneer , Regmi Rajan , Dhungana Milan , Thapa Shyam Kumar , Prasai Anil , Gurung Aashish , Bhattarai Santosh , Paudel Rajan Prasad , Subedi Naresh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConservation of large carnivores such as leopards requires large and interconnected habitats. Despite the wide geographic range of the leopard globally, only 17% of their habitat is within protected areas. Leopards are widely distributed in Nepal, but their population status and occupancy are poorly understood. We carried out the sign‐based leopard occupancy survey across the entire Chure range (~19,000 km2) to understand the habitat occupancy along with the covariates affecting their occupancy. Leopard signs were obtained from in 70 out of 223 grids surveyed, with a naïve leopard occupancy of 0.31. The model‐averaged leopard occupancy was estimated to be 0.5732 (SE 0.0082) with a replication‐level detection probability of 0.2554 (SE 0.1142). The top model shows the additive effect of wild boar, ruggedness, presence of livestock, and human population density positively affecting the leopard occupancy. The detection probability of leopard was higher outside the protected areas, less in the high NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) areas, and higher in the areas with livestock presence. The presence of wild boar was strong predictor of leopard occupancy followed by the presence of livestock, ruggedness, and human population density. Leopard occupancy was higher in west Chure (0.70 ± SE 0.047) having five protected areas compared with east Chure (0.46 ± SE 0.043) with no protected areas. Protected areas and prey species had positive influence on leopard occupancy in west Chure range. Similarly in the east Chure, the leopard occupancy increased with prey, NDVI, and terrain ruggedness. Enhanced law enforcement and mass awareness activities are necessary to reduce poaching/killing of wild ungulates and leopards in the Chure range to increase leopard occupancy. In addition, maintaining the sufficient natural prey base can contribute to minimize the livestock depredation and hence decrease the human–leopard conflict in the Chure range.
Migration stopover ecology of Cinnamon Teal in western North America
Authors: Mackell Desmond A. , Casazza Michael L. , Overton Cory T. , Donnelly J. Patrick , Olson David , McDuie Fiona , Ackerman Joshua T. , Eadie John M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIdentifying migration routes and fall stopover sites of Cinnamon Teal (Spatula cyanoptera septentrionalium) can provide a spatial guide to management and conservation efforts, and address vulnerabilities in wetland networks that support migratory waterbirds. Using high spatiotemporal resolution GPS‐GSM transmitters, we analyzed 61 fall migration tracks across western North America during our three‐year study (2017–2019). We marked Cinnamon Teal primarily during spring/summer in important breeding and molting regions across seven states (California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, and Nevada). We assessed fall migration routes and timing, detected 186 fall stopover sites, and identified specific North American ecoregions where sites were located. We classified underlying land cover for each stopover site and measured habitat selection for 12 land cover types within each ecoregion. Cinnamon Teal selected a variety of flooded habitats including natural, riparian, tidal, and managed wetlands; wet agriculture (including irrigation ditches, flooded fields, and stock ponds); wastewater sites; and golf and urban ponds. Wet agriculture was the most used habitat type (29.8% of stopover locations), and over 72% of stopover locations were on private land. Relatively scarce habitats such as wastewater ponds, tidal marsh, and golf and urban ponds were highly selected in specific ecoregions. In contrast, dry non‐habitat across all ecoregions, and dry agriculture in the Cold Deserts and Mediterranean California ecoregions, was consistently avoided. Resources used by Cinnamon Teal often reflected wetland availability across the west and emphasize their adaptability to dynamic resource conditions in arid landscapes. Our results provide much needed information on spatial and temporal resource use by Cinnamon Teal during migration and indicate important wetland habitats for migrating waterfowl in the western United States.
Drought occurrence and time‐dominated variations in water use efficiency in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Zhang Yangjian , Zhang Tao , Xu Mingjie , Zhu Juntao , He Yongtao , Yu Guirui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnder global climate change, more frequent and widespread droughts have dramatic impacts on the water and carbon cycles. Water use efficiency (WUE) is a commonly used indicator reflecting the trade‐off relationship between carbon sequestration and water consumption. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the variations in WUE and the effects of drought on WUE in sensitive alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau. Based on 6‐year (2013–2018) continuous carbon and water flux data observed by the eddy covariance system, WUE was calculated by gross ecosystem productivity (GEP)/evapotranspiration (ET). WUE followed a unimodal variation with time during growing seasons in the years without droughts. However, drought disrupted this pattern by its effects on the coupled relationship between carbon and water fluxes. Specifically, droughts showed divergent effects on WUE variations in different periods of the growing seasons. In the early‐growing seasons, droughts induced an increase in WUE. During this period, WUE was mainly regulated by temperature and leaf area index (LAI), and the GEP was low due to the smaller LAI. Therefore, the drought‐induced reduction in GEP was less than that in ET; thus, WUE increased. In the mid‐growing seasons, droughts depressed WUE. WUE was dominated by water conditions and the LAI during this period. When drought occurred, GEP decreased faster than ET, and hence, WUE decreased. In the late‐growing season, WUE was mainly driven by temperature and the LAI, but short‐term drought slightly enhanced WUE. These results are helpful in understanding the responses of fragile alpine ecosystems to future climate change.
N‐Aroylsulfonamide‐Photofragmentation (ASAP)‐A Versatile Route to Biaryls
Authors: Wessig Pablo , Krebs Saskia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe photochemical fragmentation of N‐aroylsulfonamides 9 (ASAP) is a powerful method for the preparation of various biaryls. Compounds 9 are easily accessible in two steps from amines by treatment with arenesulfonyl chlorides and aroyl chlorides. Many of these compounds were prepared for the first time. The irradiation takes place in a previously developed continuous‐flow reactor using inexpensive UVB or UVC fluorescent lamps. Isocyanates and sulphur dioxide are formed as the only by‐products. The ASAP tolerates a variety of functional groups and is even suited for the preparation of phenylnaphthalenes and terphenyls. The ASAP mechanism was elucidated by interaction of photophysical and quantum chemical (DFT) methods and revealed a spirocyclic biradical as key intermediate.
Large‐scale turbulent mixing at a mesoscale confluence assessed through drone imagery and eddy‐resolved modelling
Authors: Duguay Jason , Biron Pascale , Buffin‐Bélanger Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConfluences are sites of intense turbulent mixing in fluvial systems. The large‐scale turbulent structures largely responsible for this mixing have been proposed to fall into three main classes: vertically orientated (Kelvin–Helmholtz) vortices, secondary flow helical cells and smaller, strongly coherent streamwise‐orientated vortices. Little is known concerning the prevalence and causal mechanisms of each class, their interactions with one another and their respective contributions to mixing. Historically, mixing processes have largely been interpreted through statistical moments derived from sparse pointwise flow field and passive scalar transport measurements, causing the contribution of the instantaneous flow field to be largely overlooked. To overcome the limited spatiotemporal resolution of traditional methods, herein we analyse aerial video of large‐scale turbulent structures made visible by turbidity gradients present along the mixing interface of a mesoscale confluence and complement our findings with eddy‐resolved numerical modelling. The fast, shallow main channel (Mitis) separates over the crest of the scour hole's avalanche face prior to colliding with the slow, deep tributary (Neigette), resulting in a streamwise‐orientated separation cell in the lee of the avalanche face. Nascent large‐scale Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities form along the collision zone and expand as the high‐momentum, separated near‐surface flow of the Mitis pushes into them. Simultaneously, the strong downwelling of the Mitis is accompanied by strong upwelling of the Neigette. The upwelling Neigette results in ∼50% of the Neigette's discharge crossing the mixing interface over the short collision zone. Helical cells were not observed at the confluence. However, the downwelling Mitis, upwelling Neigette and separation cell interact to generate considerable streamwise vorticity on the Mitis side of the mixing interface. This streamwise vorticity is strongly coupled to the large‐scale Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities, which greatly enhances mixing. Comparably complex interactions between large‐scale Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities and coherent streamwise vortices are expected at other typical asymmetric confluences exhibiting a pronounced scour hole.
Focused Microbiome Shifts in Reconstructed Wetlands Correlated with Elevated Copper Concentrations Originating from Micronized Copper Azole–Treated Wood
Authors: Reichman Jay R. , Johnson Mark G. , Rygiewicz Paul T. , Smith Bonnie M. , Bollman Michael A. , Storm Marjorie J. , King George A. , Andersen Christian P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Micronized copper (Cu) azole (MCA) wood preservative formulations include Cu in nano form, and relatively little is known about longer term effects of Cu leached from MCA into wetland ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that changes in soil microbiomes within reconstructed freshwater wetlands will be associated with exposure to elevated Cu concentrations originating from immersed MCA-treated wood stakes. Eight replicate communities were assembled with Willamette Valley (OR, USA) flood plain soil and clonally propagated wetland plants within mesocosms. Inundated communities were equilibrated for 5 months before installation of MCA or control southern yellow pine stakes (n = 4 communities/experimental group). Soil samples were collected for 16S and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing to quantify responses in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, respectively, at 15 time points, spanning two simulated seasonal dry downs, for up to 678 days. Physiochemical properties of water and soil were monitored at 20 and 12 time points respectively, over the same period. For both taxonomic groups of organisms, phylogenetic diversity increased and was positively correlated with elapsed days. Furthermore, there was significant divergence among eukaryotes during the second year based on experimental group. Although the composition of taxa underwent succession over time, there was significantly reduced relative abundance of sequence variants from Gomphonema diatoms and Scutellinia fungi in communities where MCA wood stakes were present compared with the controls. These focused microbiome shifts were positively correlated with surface water Cu and soil Cu concentrations, which were significantly elevated in treated communities. The reconstructed communities were effective systems for assessing potential impacts to wetland microbiomes after exposure to released copper. The results further inform postcommercialization risk assessments on MCA-treated wood. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3351–3368. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Sheep in wolves' clothing: Using false signals of demand to execute a market power manipulation
Authors: Pirrong Craig 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExisting formal models of market power manipulation (“corners”) focus on the “delivery end game,” but largely ignore the path to that game. Expectations about the end game matter. The delivery supply curve determines a large long's market power in the end game, and the delivery supply curve depends on what market participants expect the long will do with deliveries. If there is uncertainty about whether a long stands for delivery because he has a high demand for the commodity, and will consume it, or is manipulating, a manipulator can mimic a high value type (“strong stopper”) and exercise market power. Crucially, in the presence of this uncertainty, a long can exercise market power even if his position is smaller than deliverable supplies. This result calls into question legal precedent which typically requires a long to have a position larger than deliverable supply to find him guilty of manipulation.
Sensory root demyelination: Transforming touch into pain
Authors: Ding You‐Quan , Qi Jian‐Guo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe normal feeling of touch is vital for nearly every aspect of our daily life. However, touching is not always felt as touch, but also abnormally as pain under numerous diseased conditions. For either mechanistic understanding of the faithful feeling of touch or clinical management of chronic pain, there is an essential need to thoroughly dissect the neuropathological changes that lead to painful touch or tactile allodynia and their corresponding cellular and molecular underpinnings. In recent years, we have seen remarkable progress in our understanding of the neural circuits for painful touch, with an increasing emphasis on the upstream roles of non‐neuronal cells. As a highly specialized form of axon ensheathment by glial cells in jawed vertebrates, myelin sheaths not only mediate their outstanding neural functions via saltatory impulse propagation of temporal and spatial precision, but also support long‐term neuronal/axonal integrity via metabolic and neurotrophic coupling. Therefore, myelinopathies have been implicated in diverse neuropsychiatric diseases, which are traditionally recognized as a result of the dysfunctions of neural circuits. However, whether myelinopathies can transform touch into pain remains a long‐standing question. By summarizing and reframing the fragmentary but accumulating evidence so far, the present review indicates that sensory root demyelination represents a hitherto underappreciated neuropathological change for most neuropathic conditions of painful touch and offers an insightful window into faithful tactile sensation as well as a potential therapeutic target for intractable painful touch.
Effects of temperature oscillation on unsteady MHD hybrid nanofluid motion over a semi‐infinite moving vertical sheet
Authors: Rajesh Vemula , Srilatha Mandava , Sheremet Mikhail A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the impacts of temperature oscillation and Lorentz force on the two‐dimensional transient hybrid nanofluid boundary layer motion over a semi‐infinite moved vertical sheet with energy transfer. The fluid considered here is viscous and incompressible, and partial differential equations model the problem with appropriate boundary conditions. The implicit finite difference numerical technique is employed to define unconditionally stable computational solutions to this challenge. Variations of thermal and hydrodynamic structures and the corresponding engineering quantities are explored in terms of magnetic parameter, Grashof number, phase angle, and nanoparticles concentration via graphs. It has been found that with an increment of nanoparticle volume fraction φ2, the friction parameter decreases and the strength of energy transport increases. Furthermore, a reduction of friction coefficient Cf and local Nusselt number Nu can be found by increasing the magnetic field parameter M or phase angle ωt. The findings can be applied to a variety of engineering devices, such as thermal exchangers, solar collectors, and bioreactors.
Metabolomics approach to study in vivo toxicity of graphene oxide nanosheets
Authors: Ghiasvand Mohammadkhani Leila , Khoshkam Maryam , Kompany‐Zareh Mohsen , Amiri Mahdi , Ramazani Ali 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets are widely used in different fields, the mechanism of their toxicity remains relatively unknown. NMR‐based metabolomics was used to study in vivo time and dose‐dependent toxicity of GO nanosheets in mice. Sixty serum samples from mice in four different time intervals including 24 and 72 h and 7 and 21 days after injection of 0‐, 1‐, and 10‐mg/kg b.w. were analyzed based on 1HNMR spectra of each sample and multivariate methods. In comparison with the control group, 12 changed metabolites were identified in GO nanosheet‐treated mice groups. These metabolites are involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis and steroid biosynthesis pathways. It was seen that the time factor is more important than the dose factor and the groups were separated in a time direction, completely. We found that GO nanosheets has toxicity and can affect steroidal hormones. However, this study shows that after 21 days, the treated groups regardless of their GO nanosheet dose are very close to the control group. This means that in one step exposure to GO nanosheets, their toxicity diminished after 21 days.
Voriconazole‐Associated Periostitis: New Insights into Pathophysiology and Management
Authors: Bennett Michael J , Balcerek Matthew I , Lewis Edward AD , Zhang Roland LL , Bachmeier Caroline , Tey Siok , Faux Steven , Girgis Laila , Greenfield Jerry R , Lazarus Syndia 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTVoriconazole‐associated periostitis (VAP) is an underrecognized and unpredictable side effect of long‐term voriconazole therapy. We report two cases of VAP occurring in the post‐transplant setting: a 68‐year‐old lung transplant recipient who required ongoing voriconazole therapy, in whom urinary alkalinization was used to promote fluoride excretion and minimize voriconazole‐related skeletal toxicity, and a 68‐year‐old stem‐cell transplant recipient with a high voriconazole dose requirement, identified on pharmacogenomic testing to be a CYP2C19 ultrarapid metabolizer, the dominant enzyme in voriconazole metabolism. This is the first reported case of pharmacogenomic profiling in VAP and may explain the variability in individual susceptibility to this uncommon adverse effect. Our findings provide new insights into both the management and underlying pathophysiology of VAP. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Remineralization effects of self‐assembling peptide P11‐4 associated with three materials on early enamel carious lesions: An in vitro study
Authors: Memarpour Mahtab , Razmjouei Faranak , Rafiee Azade , Vossoughi Mehrdad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the remineralization of enamel caries lesions using the self‐assembling peptide P11‐4 associated with different materials. Artificial early enamel lesions were prepared on 154 primary teeth. The samples were randomly divided into eight groups: (1) control, (2) P11‐4, (3) fluoridate toothpaste (FT), (4) P11‐4 + FT, (5) casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP–ACP), (6) P11‐4 + CPP–ACP, (7) fluoridate bioactive glass toothpaste (BT), and (8) P11‐4 + BT. The surface enamel microhardness (EMH) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) of the teeth were then measured at the baseline, after demineralization, and after 28 days of remineralization. The enamel surfaces were assessed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The data were analyzed with one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < .05). EMH after demineralization was significantly lower than the baseline value (p < .001). The interventions led to an enhanced percentage of EMH recovery (%REMH), which was higher in Groups 6 and 7. There was no significant difference between Groups 3 and 4. Groups 1 and 2 had the lowest %REMH. The mean calcium/phosphate weight percentage ratio of P11‐4 was significantly lower than the others (p < .001). The FESEM and AFM images revealed mineral deposition on the eroded enamel and reductions in surface roughness in Groups 5 and 7.