bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formal-semantic normative system for graphic-analytical modelling
Authors: Matorin S I , Mikhelev V V 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A formal-semantic normative system (FSNS) is presented in this paper. The FSNS allows us to describe the links and functional units of typical information processes. The possibility of using the FSNS to automate graphical-analytical modelling and machine learning is shown. Properties of the FSNS are described. On its basis, a method is developed for specifying a formal alphabet of system connection nodes that has a specific subject content. The rules for manipulating the received alphabetic characters are also presented. The possibility and expediency of building a normative system with increased expressive capabilities is substantiated. This paper provides a brief description of the «Unit-Function-Object» system-object approach. Considered the possibility of using DL for the FSNS in an unambiguous, formalized form. An example of using the FSNS is presented.
Simulation of electromagnetic suspension functioning processes in the MATLAB/Simulink system
Authors: Nawfal Mustafa Mohanad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In various fields of technology, the electromagnetic method of suspending various elements has a number of advantages, but the limits of the stability of the system and the justification of its optimal parameters require additional research. According to the well-known Irnshaw theorem, in technical applications, there are certain limitations on solving the engineering problem of stable suspension of moving bodies using electric or magnetic fields, often in combination with a gravitational field. An effective way to solve the problem of ensuring the stability of electromechanical systems based on magnetic suspension is to use automatic feedback control in the control circuit. In order to obtain the necessary accuracy and quality of the regulated transient, automatic control systems can use PID controllers. The problem of selecting the parameters of PID controllers is based on mathematical modeling, which is implemented using computer systems that provide the construction and research of designed electromechanical systems, for example, MATLAB with the Simulink module. The computer simulation of transients carried out in the Simulink system allowed us to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the PID controller with variations in their main parameters. The developed electromagnetic suspension circuit for stability requires a position sensor that is electrically connected to the PID controller in the feedback loop. Mathematical modeling of the dynamics of the electromagnetic suspension system should take into account the nonlinear nature of the main elements, including the PID controller, and their characteristic parameters. Simulation of the dynamics of the electromagnetic suspension system under study can be carried out and visually visualized in the MATLAB/Simulink environment in a wide range of parameter variations.
Benchmarking regulator-sourced 2PI and average 1PI flow equations in zero dimensions
Authors: Millington Peter , Saffin Paul M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We elucidate the regulator-sourced 2PI and average 1PI approaches for deriving exact flow equations in the case of a zero dimensional quantum field theory, wherein the scale dependence of the usual renormalisation group evolution is replaced by a simple parametric dependence. We show that both approaches are self-consistent, while highlighting key differences in their behaviour and the structure of the would-be loop expansion.
The physical characteristics of the small volcanic island of Tidore and Hiri to support disaster management in Maluku
Authors: Marfai M A , Mutaqin B W , Hadmoko D S , Wijayanti H , Lavigne F , Faral A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article presents the characteristics of the small islands of Tidore and Hiri, which are vulnerable to the dangers of volcanic eruptions in Indonesia. The physical condition of the area is very important for carrying out a sustainable disaster risk reduction analysis; therefore, climate and topographic data are important to know. The limited availability of data in the study area causes climate data to be obtained from NASA’s Earth Science Data Systems (ESDS) and regional topographical presentation of Indonesia’s national DEM data. The results show that in the period 2004 to 2014, the temperature in the study area ranged from 292 K to 309 K. The islands of Tidore and Hiri have monthly precipitation between 50 mm to 500 mm.
Geological structures control on the streamflow orientation pattern in the Cijulang area and its surroundings, Garut, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Setianto A , Yugamaris G , Warmada I W , Bangun P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Cijulang area is one of the deposits included in the high sulfidation epithermal deposits in Garut Regency, West Java Province. Ore mineralization in high sulfidation epithermal deposits is closely related to the geological structure. The existence of streamflows can be used as a fundamental basis for identifying geological structures. Geological structure identification is done by classifying the orientation angle interval class in stream segments. Each grid unit in the orientation angle interval class stream segment which has the same pattern is controlled by geological factors, including geological structures or the constituent rocks. By utilizing streamflow data, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and secondary data (e.g., geological features such as structure geology and lithology from previous research data), geological structures can be identified. Faults that can be identified are the Cikahuripan fault, Citando fault, Cisuren fault, and Cibuni fault. These faults affect streamflow by 44.54% in the research area while lithology affects 35.12% of it. The influence of lithology will be greater in lower-order stream segments and the effect of faults will be greater in high order stream segments.
Mass transport modelling of total organic carbon in groundwater to determine the location of petroleum fuel pollutant sources in the area of Jlagran, Yogyakarta City, Indonesia
Authors: Manek E G , Putra D P E , Hendrayana H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hydrocarbon pollution in the Jlagran area’s groundwater, Yogyakarta City, has been going on for more than 20 years. So far, the pollution source has been inferred from a leak in the diesel fuel storage tank from near Train Station. This study aims to prove the claim that the source of hydrocarbon pollutants comes from the location of the fuel storage tank or not. This research was conducted by collecting data on hydrogeological aspects and total organic carbon (TOC) concentration in groundwater, followed by modeling flow and mass transport using Visual Modlfow MT3DMS. The modeling results show that the contamination plume distribution in groundwater at the recent time cannot be caused by only one point source, namely the fuel oil storage tank’s location, but also may come from the train maintenance area. It is estimated on this area that the disposal of train maintenance waste of hydrocarbon as a result of poor practices for at least two decades has been developing a residual hydrocarbon zone in the unsaturated zone, and now potentially seeped into the aquifer and also contribute as a source of hydrocarbon pollutant to groundwater.
Study of negative skin friction on floating piles foundation due to long-term groundwater extraction in Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Tazakka M S , Tirta B A , Popang M A , Sariska Y A 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe northern Semarang area is prone to a land subsidence problem as the underlying soil consists of a thick layer of normally consolidated clay which also exacerbated by groundwater extraction to meet water demand. The downdrag impact on a pile structure due to the water extraction from two major aquifers that have been used for domestic consumption was investigated. A 3D-finite element analysis was performed to a raft foundation with steel pipe piles. The study used Banger polder data and soil characteristics based on previous investigations. The evaluation was done by comparing the results of negative skin friction (NSF) and total settlement within 50 years period under continuous extraction and one without. From the result, the corner pile located farthest from the pump mobilized NSF of 64% of the total negative skin friction which was highest than middle and interior-corner piles of 28% and 20%, respectively. The groundwater extraction was also found to contribute to almost double the settlement in 50 years in the non-piled area, from 0.24 m without extraction to 0.42 m accounted for. Also, the empirical 0.75Lpilefor the maximum neutral point of the pile is in agreement in the result of this study.
The relationship of physical and mineralogical properties and geochemical compositions of limestone and its implications to the quality as cement raw material in Gunem District, Rembang Regency, Central Java
Authors: Winarno T , Marin J , Nurjayanti  
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The increasing development in Indonesia today will require higher portland cement consumption. Good quality cement comes from good quality raw materials. A research was conducted in the Gunem area, Rembang, Central Java which is a limestone quarry of PT Semen Indonesia. The research aims to determine physical properties of the limestone and determine the percentage of CaO and MgO and determine the quality of limestone as raw material for Portland cement. This research uses several methods, which are megascopic analysis, petrographic analysis and XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) analysis. The results shows that wackestone has the lowest content of CaO and the highest content of MgO, while packstone and grainstone have the highest content of CaO and the lowest content of MgO. Packstone and grainstone are classified as high grade for cement raw material, while wackestone is classified as low grade for cement raw material.
Reconstruction of groundwater level at Kumamoto, Japan by means of deep learning to evaluate its increase by the 2016 earthquake
Authors: Yokoo K , Ishida K , Nagasato T , Kawagoshi Y , Ito H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Groundwater is a very important water resource at Kumamoto City. Kumamoto City is the capital city of Kumamoto Prefecture, which is located in the Kyushu region, Japan. All domestic water is obtained from groundwater in Kumamoto City. Modeling groundwater is a difficult issue. Conditions under the ground are complex, and difficult to be obtained. Even the delineation of a groundwater basin is frequently unknown. Nowadays, deep learning is a hot topic in many research fields including geoscience. A recurrent neural network (RNN) is a type of deep learning that is suitable for time series modeling. Then, it has been successfully applied for groundwater modeling. Therefore, this study utilized a new type of RNN, Long and Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, to model groundwater level at a monitoring well within Kumamoto City. The results in this study showed good agreement with the observed groundwater. In addition, it is known that severe earthquakes in April 2016 affected the groundwater level around Kumamoto City. The groundwater level model by LSTM was also utilized to estimate the effects of the severe earthquakes on the groundwater level. The results indicated that the earthquakes may have increased the groundwater level at Kumamoto City by more than 3 m.
Identification of Paleotsunami Deposits Using XRF and Artificial Intelligence Methods on the Southern Coast of Lebak, Banten
Authors: Rikhasanah U , Septyandy M R , Supriyanto  
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The southern coastal area of Lebak, Banten is the southern region of Java which is prone to tsunami disasters. There is evidence of past tsunami events in the southern region of Java. However, not all tsunami deposits have identifiable sedimentological and micropaleontological traces. Geochemical proxies and artificial intelligence with machine learning methods can be used to identify paleotsunami deposits. Machine learning methods that can be used to cluster paleotsunami deposits are Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) with validation of model accuracy using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Area Under Curve (AUC) methods. Input data are XRF analysis data and macroscopic core sample description data. The output from data processing is in the form of prediction of tsunami and non-tsunami deposits at each depth of core data sample. The data is correlated and interpreted to identify tsunami events that occurred in the past. The identification results show that the tsunami deposition in the research area, namely the area around the Bagedur coastal coast and Bolang village had tsunami deposit characteristics based on macroscopic description, XRF analysis, and artificial intelligence clusterization. It is also thought to be correlative with the tsunami deposition of previous research in the area around the Binuangeun coastal coast.
Artificial intelligence approach to depositional facies characterization based on electrical log data
Authors: Putri G E , Haris A , Septyandy M R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This research aims to determine the depositional facies from electrical log data using the gradient boosting classifier method, which comprises a powerful algorithm. The electrical logs used are gamma-ray (GR), resistivity (ILD), neutron porosity (NPHI), and density (RHOB), while the output is in the form of images. The training data consists of 4 wells in Jambi sub-Basin, South Sumatera Basin, while the testing data comprises 5 wells with gamma-ray, resistivity, NPHI, and RHOB as input. Several scenarios are used to predict the facies model, namely training and validation dataset by using and isolating facies in well combination input, and with or without feature augmentation. Furthermore, the values collected were validated using F1 score. The result showed that 85.5% and 84.7% of F1 scores were allocated to training and validation to increase accuracy in scenarios without facies isolation and with feature augmentation. Therefore, the gradient boosting classifier method is reliable enough to characterize depositional facies in the associated area of interest.
Re-interpretation of distribution of Lautan Pasir caldera-forming eruption products, Bromo-Tengger Caldera Complex, East Java
Authors: Gunawan R M P P , Ikhwanushova G , Harijoko A , Wibowo H E , Setianto A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present the result of morphostratigraphic analysis and geological field observation to identify the distribution of scoria flow deposit related to the caldera-forming eruption of Lautan Pasir caldera as the youngest caldera in Bromo-Tengger caldera complex. Morphostratigraphic analysis derived from digital elevation model and volcanic stratigraphy shows that products of Lautan Pasir caldera-forming eruption(s) mainly distributed to the north filled up the Sapikerep valley, and further to the north formed Sukapura distal fan. While to the south, it filled the valley between Ijo and Old Semeru. Field observation in the deeply dissected part of Sapikerep valley found two massive pyroclastic flow deposits separated by lava flow. Above the lava flow is scoria rich pyroclastic flow deposit typical of Lautan Pasir caldera-forming eruptions. Below the lava flow is scoria poor pyroclastic deposit of older products, most likely, of Ngadisari caldera. The distribution of Ngadisari caldera-forming eruption products is very limited considering the following massive volcanism of Lautan Pasir caldera. This outcrop might provide the key information to further reconstruct the volcanism stage of Bromo-Tengger caldera complex
Effect of power plant operating conditions on fly ash and bottom ash composition: a case study from power plant in Lampung
Authors: Besari D A A , Anggara F , Petrus H T B M , Astuti W. , Husnah W.A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Fly ash and Bottom ash (FA-BA) are solid waste produced from the coal-generated power plant. FA consists of fine powder particles with diameters varying from 0.5-100 µm, while BA consists of coarser particles with a diameter of 0.125-2 mm. FABA and feed coal samples were collected from the power plant in Lampung to distinguish the effect of power plant operating conditions on FABA composition. Feed coal characteristics were examined by proximate and petrography analysis. Organic and inorganic components of FABA were identified using petrography analysis, while the detailed mineralogical composition of FABA was determined using X-Ray diffraction analysis. Moreover, major oxides of the feed coal and FABA were determined using inductive ICP-AES. From the analysis, it was found that FA composition is mainly organic material in the form of unburned carbon (UC). The abundance of UC content (up to 74.68%) indicates the inefficiency of the coal combustion process. In terms of inorganic, quartz is the most abundant mineral found in the FABA sample, up to 50.15%, in contrast to the glass content that was only 17.41%. A minor amount of spinel (0.03-2.00%) was found associated with Fe-oxide mineral. Kaolinite was only found in the BA sample from a landfill source and interpreted as external input from the dumping ground. The high content of UC and quartz will decrease the compressive strength of the material construction product providing a negative impact on the utilization of FABA.
The potential of lithium enrichment in Lapindo Brantas, Mount Anyar, and Buncitan Mud Volcanoes, Sidoarjo District, East Java Province
Authors: Sari N A , Warmada I W , Anggara F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Lithium is an alkaline, metallic element found primarily in the earth’s crust and seawater. Recently, the industry’s need, especially lithium batteries, has been increasing. Lithium exploration is directed to various geological environments that have the potential to contain lithium. Based on previous research, mud products from mud volcanoes can contain lithium. We conducted this research to determine the potential for lithium enrichment found in mud produced by mud volcanoes in Lapindo, Mount Anyar, and Buncitan. Samples were prepared to analyze petrography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), ICP-MS, and ICP-AES. Mineralogically, the mud sample comprises smectite, kaolinite, quartz, plagioclase, clinopyroxene, calcite, pyrite, and dolomite. Lithium in the mud sample has an average concentration of 92.5 ppm with the highest concentration of 130 ppm from the Lapindo Mud volcano. The lowest concentration of 70 ppm comes from the Buncitan Mud Volcano sample. Based on its mineralogy and structure, the dominant of smectite and kaolinite clay minerals can bind the lithium. Lithium in the study area is thought to come from altered rocks below the surface, which migrate and are bound to clay minerals predominantly found in subsurface mud.
Ore characterization of LSE gold deposit in “X” Pit, Toka Tindung Project, North Sulawesi
Authors: Raharjanti N A , Warmada I W , Petrus H T B M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Toka Tindung Project is a low sulphidation epithermal gold deposit, which is located in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. To be able to maximize the production yield of the Toka Tin-dung Project, it is important to understand the characteristics of the ore along with its mineral associations. This paper discusses the ore characterization and its mineral associations in “X” pit using thin section analysis to define the rock characteristics and hydrothermal alteration, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to identify the hydrothermal alteration minerals, and ore microscopy to identify the type of ore minerals. The study area is occupied by three alteration zones, namely silicification, advanced argillic and intermediate argillic alteration. The silicification is characterized by quartz with accessory minerals such as kaolinite, smectite, and celadonite. The advanced argillic alteration is typified by kaolinite, with minor quartz. The intermediate argillic alteration is characterized by clay minerals such as illite, mixed illite/smectite, smectite, and minor quartz minerals. Mineralization in “X” pit is in the form of sheeted vein type quartz with colloform texture, and the ore minerals are found as sulfides such as pyrite and sphalerite.
Ore mineralogy of podiform-type chromite deposit in Tedubara area and its vicinity, Kabaena Island, Indonesia
Authors: Septiana S , Idrus A , Zaccarini F , Garuti G , Setijadji L D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Kabaena Island is one of the areas in Southeast Sulawesi that has the potential for chromite deposits. This paper is aimed to provide information on the mineralogical aspects of chromitite from the research area. Back-scattered electron (BSE) imaging and chemical analysis of chromite were performed using an electron microprobe. Chromite deposits in the study area are of podiform-type. Chromite is massive and brecciated. Based on the content of Cr # = Cr/(Cr + Fe3+) of the chromite, comprised between 0.61 and 0.74, the studied chromitite can be classified as Cr-rich. The only PGM (Platinum Group Minerals) found in several chromitite samples is laurite (RuS2). PGM occurs enclosed in chromite crystals and in the contact with microfractures of chromite crystals.
SEM-EDS imaging of multi-stage cleat minerals formation in the South Walker Creek Coals, Bowen Basin
Authors: Permana A K , Ward C R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The South Walker Creek coals are moderately to highly developed fracture systems. These fractures can be recognized from the top to the bottom of the seam, with both open and closed apertures. They are filled with several different minerals, occurs either as single-phase infillings (monomineralic), or as mixed mineral deposits (polymineralic). This paper presents scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of mineralogical association within coals fractures or cleats, as well as their origin and phase of development. SEM-EDS analysis indicates that the polymineralic cleats seem to be more common in the coal seam compared to monomineralic cleats. The polymineralic cleat infillings are composed of clay minerals, carbonates, and other minerals, such rutile and apatite, with minor occurrences of diaspore. This polymineralic association within the single cleat spaces represents a multi-phase minerals formation, as a result of different stages of epigenetic activity. The hydrothermal fluid circulation are responsible for this epigenetic process, they are re-opened previous minerals filled cleats and transformed pre-existing mineral within the cleats, and/or to remobilization earlier minerals, which then precipitated in the cleat as epigenetic minerals.
The testing of Qp and QsQp equation in Kujung I Formation, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sadat A , Haris A , Haryono  , Dharmawan G A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir shows attenuation on seismic section, but the use of attenuation in hydrocarbon exploration is less popular than other attributes. This is due to the sophisticated and advanced technology required to measure attenuation. Meanwhile, some studies were designed to estimate attenuation by formulating rock quality factor equations from a wire-line log, although others run on sandstone samples. Therefore, this study aims to estimate rock quality factors in carbonate rock of Kujung Formation using three different methods, discriminate hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir, and identifying the impact of carbonate facies. The results showed the P-wave quality factor method is sensitive to discriminate high gas saturation on facies A. Meanwhile, the QsQp ratio is sensitive to discriminate shale and carbonate. The SQp and SQs methods are sensitive to discriminate hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs and less affected by carbonate facies. The novelty of this is to estimate the rock quality factor from various methods and identify the impact of facies in hydrocarbon identification, especially for carbonate reservoirs in Northeast Java Basin. Therefore, a new understanding of facies impact on rock quality factor contributes to choosing the best methods in discriminating pore-filling fluid identification.