bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Professional development during a crisis and beyond: Lessons learned during COVID
Authors: Eddy Pamela L. , Macdonald R. Heather , Baer Eric M. D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article reviews a virtual professional development program for STEM faculty conducted in 2020 in which, due to COVID, faculty participants had to adjust their teaching practices. The study found that the program's structure, focus, and ability to foster community helped sustain faculty members. Participants shared lessons learned through virtual workshops they led for others on their campuses.
Recurrent retroperitoneal liposarcoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Mulita Francesk , Verras Georgios‐Ioannis , Liolis Elias , Tchabashvili Levan , Kehagias Dimitrios , Kaplanis Charalampos , Perdikaris Ioannis , Kehagias Ioannis 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRetroperitoneal liposarcoma frequently recurs within 2 years of the initial surgical resection. For the early detection of recurrent retroperitoneal liposarcomas, a shorter follow‐up interval with CT or MRI would be helpful.
Post‐dental extraction bleeding: Emphasis on the diagnosis of rare coagulation disorders
Authors: Shadamarshan R Arunkumar , Sharma Rohit , Pradhan Ishan , Kumar Pramod 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDisorders of the fibrin stabilizing and fibrinolytic pathway should be considered in patients with excessive postsurgical bleeding with normal screening tests of hemostasis. History, clinical assessment of the timing and severity of bleeding along with utilization of advanced tests such as global hemostasis assays and appropriate coagulation factor assays (especially FXIII) will aid in the diagnosis.
Challenges encountered during the management of pediatric facial soft tissue injury from a mobile battery blast: A case report
Authors: Pande Rikta , Koirala Bandana , Jaisani Mehul , Pasvan Chandrakant 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn case of parotid gland injury, one has to be aware of the fact that post‐operative complications like duct injury, leakage are very common. At times, a simple conservative approach turns out to be effective in managing complications of this nature.
Perylene Bisimide‐Cored Supramolecular Coordination Complexes: Interplay between Ensembles, Excited State Processes, and Aggregation Behaviors
Authors: Chang Xingmao , Wang Zhaolong , Wang Gang , Liu Taihong , Lin Simin , Fang Yu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractManipulating the optical properties of fluorescent species is challenging owing to complicated and tedious synthetic works. Herein, the photophysical properties of perylene bisimide (PBI) were effectively tuned by varying the geometrical arrangement of PBI moieties within supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs), where a PBI‐based dicycle (2) and a trigonal prism (3) were generated via using a typical 90° Pt(II) reagent, cis‐(PEt3)2Pt(OTf)2‐based coordination‐driven self‐assembly approach. The ligand, an ortho‐tetrapyridiyl‐PBI (1), exhibits a moderate fluorescence quantum yield (∼13 %) and efficient inter‐system crossing (ISC). 2, however, is much more emissive with a fluorescence quantum yield of ∼41 %, and the relevant ISC process is significantly hindered. The fluorescence quantum yield of 3 is merely ∼6 % due to the observed symmetry‐breaking charge separation (SB‐CS), which turns to triplet state upon charge recombination. Interestingly, 3 could be fully transformed into 2 by simply adding a suitable amount of a 90° Pt(II)‐based neutral triangle. Moreover, 2 tends to form discrete dimers both in crystal and solution states, but 3 does not show the property. Therefore, controlling geometrical arrangement of fluorophores through coordination‐driven self‐assembly could be taken as another effective way to tune their excited state relaxation pathways and construct high‐performance optical molecular materials, which generally have to be prepared via organic synthesis.
Metal‐Free Aminomethylation of Aromatic Sulfones Promoted by Eosin Y
Authors: Thierry Thibault , Pfund Emmanuel , Lequeux Thierry 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA metal‐free α‐aminomethylation of heteroaryls promoted by eosin Y under green light irradiation is reported. A large variety of α‐trimethylsilylamines as precursor of α‐aminomethyl radical species were engaged to functionalize sulfonyl‐heteroaryls following a Homolytic Aromatic Substitution (HAS) pathway. This method has provided a range of α‐aminoheteroaryl compounds including a functionalized natural product. The mechanism of this late‐stage functionalization of aryls was investigated and suggests the formation of a sulfonyl radical intermediate over a reductive quenching cycle.
Magnetic optical rotary dispersion and magnetic circular dichroism in methylammonium lead halide perovskites
Authors: Stamper Caleb , Sabatini Randy P. , Bernardi Stefano , Liao Chwenhaw , Dennis Emma , Sharma Ashish , Widmer‐Cooper Asaph , Saidaminov Makhsud I. , Ho‐Baillie Anita W. Y. , Lakhwani Girish 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLarge magnetic optical rotary dispersion (Faraday rotation) has been demonstrated recently in methylammonium lead bromide. Here, we investigate the prospect of extending the active spectral range by altering the halogen. We also investigate the origins of large Faraday rotation in these diamagnetic materials using magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy and the Kramers–Kronig relations. We find that, while MAPbCl3 (MA = methylammonium) single crystals exhibit a large Verdet constant in the blue, no appreciable Faraday rotation is observed in the red/near infra‐red for MAPbI3 single crystals. However, in all film samples, we find clear evidence of large MCD resulting from the Zeeman splitting of the highly resonant 1s exciton state. Our Kramers–Kronig calculations of Faraday rotation based on MCD data matches well with the dispersion of our experimental data for MAPbCl3 and MAPbBr3, with some deviation in magnitude—demonstrating the excitonic nature of Faraday rotation in these materials. However, our calculations predict significant Faraday rotation in MAPbI3, contrary to our experimental results, indicating a potential discrepancy between the properties of the thin film and single crystal.
Efficacy and safety of early initiation of Sacubitril/Valsartan in patients after acute myocardial infarction: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zeng Yuanyuan , Shen Xiaoxu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSome randomized controlled trials have compared the effectiveness and safety outcomes between early initiation of Sacubitril/Valsartan and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Therefore, our current meta‐analysis aimed to clarify the confusion. Four Databases and relevant grey literature were searched for studies from inception to July 2, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Four studies involving 6154 patients were included to perform meta‐analysis. The results of meta‐analysis showed that the left ventricular ejection fraction in the Sacubitril/Valsartan group was higher than the ACEI group (SMD: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.19–0.55, P = .000), the incidence of major adverse cardiac events in the Sacubitril/Valsartan group was lower than the ACEI group (RR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.46–0.82, P = .001), while the incidences of cardiac death (RR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.81–1.24, P = 1.000) and the heart failure hospitalization (RR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.37–1.03, P = .065) showed no difference. For the incidences of myocardial infarction and the adverse side effects, there was no obvious advantage of the Sacubitril/Valsartan group over the ACEI group, because the meta‐analysis was not performed due to the limited trials. This study indicated that early initiation of Sacubitril/Valsartan in patients after acute myocardial infarction was superior to ACEI in reducing the risks of major adverse cardiac events and left ventricular ejection fraction increasing. As for the other outcomes (the incidences of cardiac death, the heart failure hospitalization, the myocardial infarction and the adverse side effects), Sacubitril/Valsartan showed no obvious advantage than ACEI.
Pharmacogenetic Predictors of Cannabidiol Response and Tolerability in Treatment‐Resistant Epilepsy
Authors: Davis Brittney H. , Beasley T. Mark , Amaral Michelle , Szaflarski Jerzy P. , Gaston Tyler , Perry Grayson Leslie , Standaert David G , Bebin E. Martina , Limdi Nita A. ,   the UAB CBD Study Group (includes all the investigators involved in the UAB EAP CBD program)
Published: August 2021

In patients with treatment‐resistant epilepsy (TRE), cannabidiol (CBD) produces variable improvement in seizure control. Patients in the University of Alabama at Birmingham CBD Expanded Access Program (EAP) were enrolled in the genomic study and genotyped using the Affymetrix Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters plus array. Associations between variants and CBD response (≥50% seizure reduction) and tolerability (diarrhea, sedation, and abnormal liver function) was evaluated under dominant and recessive models. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) influencing potential CBD targets was evaluated in the UK Brain Expression Consortium data set (Braineac), and genetic co‐expression examined. Of 169 EAP patients, 112 (54.5% pediatric and 50.0% female) were included in the genetic analyses. Patients with AOX1 rs6729738 CC (aldehyde oxidase; odds ratio (OR) 6.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.19–20.41, P = 0.001) or ABP1 rs12539 (diamine oxidase; OR 3.96, 95% CI 1.62–9.73, P = 0.002) were more likely to respond. Conversely, patients with SLC15A1 rs1339067 TT had lower odds of response (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01–0.56, P = 0.001). ABCC5 rs3749442 was associated with lower likelihood of response and abnormal liver function tests, and higher likelihood of sedation. The eQTL revealed that rs1339067 decreased GPR18 expression (endocannabinoid receptor) in white matter (P = 5.6 × 10−3), and rs3749442 decreased hippocampal HTR3E expression (serotonin 5‐HT3E; P = 8.5 × 10−5). Furthermore, 75% of genes associated with lower likelihood of response were co‐expressed. Pharmacogenetic variation is associated with CBD response and influences expression of CBD targets in TRE. Implicated pathways, including cholesterol metabolism and glutathione conjugation, demonstrate potential interactions between CBD and common medications (e.g., statins and acetaminophen) that may require closer monitoring. These results highlight the role of pharmacogenes in fundamental biologic processes and potential genetic underpinnings of treatment‐resistance.
Changes in leaf litter decomposition of primary Korean pine forests after degradation succession into secondary broad‐leaved forests
Authors: Fu Yan‐Mei , Zhang Xiu‐Yue , Qi Dan‐Dan , Feng Fu‐Juan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractForest degradation succession often leads to changes in forest ecosystem functioning. Exactly how the decomposition of leaf litter is affected in a disturbed forest remains unknown. Therefore, in our study, we selected a primary Korean pine forest (PK) and a secondary broad‐leaved forest (SF) affected by clear‐cutting degradation, both in Northeast China. The aim was to explore the response to changes in the leaf litter decomposition converting PK to SF. The mixed litters of PK and SF were decomposed in situ (1 year). The proportion of remaining litter mass, main chemistry, and soil biotic and abiotic factors were assessed during decomposition, and then, we made an in‐depth analysis of the changes in the leaf litter decomposition. According to our results, leaf litter decomposition rate was significantly higher in the PK than that in the SF. Overall, the remaining percent mass of leaf litter's main chemical quality in SF was higher than in PK, indicating that leaf litter chemical turnover in PK was relatively faster. PK had a significantly higher amount of total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) than SF during decomposition. Based on multivariate regression trees, the forest type influenced the soil habitat factors related to leaf litter decomposition more than decomposition time. Structural equation modeling revealed that litter N was strongly and positively affecting litter decomposition, and the changes in actinomycetes PLFA biomass played a more important role among all the functional groups. Selected soil abiotic factors were indirectly driving litter decomposition through coupling with actinomycetes. This study provides evidence for the complex interactions between leaf litter substrate and soil physical–chemical properties in affecting litter decomposition via soil microorganisms.
Oxy210, a novel inhibitor of hedgehog and TGF‐β signalling, ameliorates hepatic fibrosis and hypercholesterolemia in mice
Authors: Hui Simon T. , Wang Feng , Stappenbeck Frank , French Samuel W. , Magyar Clara E. , Parhami Farhad , Lusis Aldons J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsNon‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with increased overall morbidity and mortality in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. Liver fibrosis is the strongest prognostic factor for clinical outcomes, liver‐related mortality and liver transplantation. Currently, no single therapy or medication for NASH has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Oxy210, an oxysterol derivative, displays the unique property of antagonizing both Hedgehog (Hh) and transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) signalling in primary human hepatic stellate cells (HSC). We hypothesized that inhibition of both Hh and TGF‐β signalling by Oxy210 could reduce hepatic fibrosis in NASH. In this study, we examined the therapeutic potential of Oxy210 on NASH in vivo.MethodsWe examined the effect of Oxy210 treatment on Hh and TGF‐β pathways in HSC. The efficacy of Oxy210 on liver fibrosis was tested in a ‘humanized’ hyperlipidemic mouse model of NASH that has high relevance to human pathology.Approach and ResultsWe show that Oxy210 inhibits both Hh and TGF‐β pathways in human HSC and attenuates baseline and TGF‐β‐induced expression of pro‐fibrotic genes in vitro. Oral delivery of Oxy210 in food resulted in significant liver exposure and significantly reduced hepatic fibrosis in mice over the course of the 16‐week study with no apparent safety issues. Additionally, we observed several benefits related to NASH phenotype: (a) reduced plasma pro‐inflammatory cytokine and the corresponding hepatic gene expression; (b) reduced pro‐fibrotic cytokine and inflammasome gene expression in the liver; (c) reduced apoptosis in the liver; (d) reduced hepatic unesterified cholesterol accumulation; and (e) reduced plasma total and unesterified cholesterol levels.ConclusionsOxy210 effectively ameliorated hepatic fibrosis and inflammation and improved hypercholesterolemia in mice. Our findings suggest that Oxy210 and related analogues are a new class of drug candidates that may serve as potential therapeutics candidates for NASH.
Highly Efficient CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over the Mesostructured Cu/AlZnO Catalyst
Authors: Li Shaozhong , Guo Qing , Li Jin , Hu Yongke , Lin Jiayu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, the mesostructured Cu/AlZnO catalysts were prepared for the CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Experimental results showed that the weight ratio of Al2O3 and ZnO affected the morphology of the mesoporous AlZnO supports and surface properties of the mesostructured Cu/AlZnO catalysts. The AlZnO‐9 (the Al2O3 mass within the AlZnO support was 90 wt%) with loose spongy porous structure and high surface area facilitated the Cu nanoparticle dispersion. Thus, the Cu/AlZnO‐9 catalyst showed higher exposed Cu surface area (SCu) and more exposed CO2 adsorption sites, which accelerated the CO2 conversion. Meanwhile, the ZnO added into catalysts increased the strength of surface basicity and the surface concentration of Zn species, which promoted the catalytic activity of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. In addition, the well mesostructure heightened the stability of supported Cu catalyst due to the high dispersion of Cu nanoparticles.
Low Dimensional, Broadband, Luminescent Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Materials for Lighting Applications
Authors: Kundu Janardan , Das Deep Kumar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLow dimensional (low D) organic‐inorganic metal halide hybrids are a new class of multifunctional material that boasts facile synthesis, solution processability, structural tunability/versatility, and enabling photophysical properties with myriads of opto‐electronic applications. Dimensionality engineering of AMX3 based 3D perovskites leads to the generation of 2D layered, 1D chain, 0D molecular structures that differ in the extent of connectivity/electronic dimensionality. Increased confinement in bulk low D hybrids fosters strongly bound excitons with unprecedented site isolation/localization. Consequently, low D hybrids exhibit remarkable optoelectronic properties. Given the recent research efforts on low D hybrids, and lacunae in their general design principles, it is indeed timely to review their progress. Here, various low D hybrids (2D, 1D, 0D), their design rationale, their broadband luminescence and its mechanistic origin with special focus to the existing structure‐function correlation, and their multifaceted luminescent applications is reviewed. We also provide a glimpse into the current challenges and future prospects of the low D hybrids.
Synthesis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Thiosulfonates from Disulfides through Electrochemically Induced Disulfide Bond Metathesis and Site‐Selective Oxidation
Authors: Strehl Julia , Hilt Gerhard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe anodic generation of symmetrical and unsymmetrical thiosulfonates is presented. First, the oxidation of disulfides yielding symmetrical thiosulfonates was realized. The direct synthesis is performed using a simple quasi‐divided cell design, whereby using a supporting electrolyte is unnecessary. Its principle was then expanded to the conversion of unsymmetrical disulfides that were generatedin situthrough metathesis of two symmetrical disulfides. This enables a direct access to unsymmetrical thiosulfonates without any pre‐functionalization or elaborate synthesis of the starting materials for the first time. The reaction scope was investigated by converting differently functionalized aliphatic and aromatic disulfides in moderate to very good yields. Furthermore, a sensitivity assessment for an improved reproducibility and a robustness screen to determine the compatibility of the reaction against functional groups were performed.
Temporal changes in pain processing after whiplash injury, based on Quantitative Sensory Testing: A systematic review
Authors: Bontinck Jente , Lenoir Dorine , Cagnie Barbara , Murillo Carlos , Timmers Inge , Cnockaert Elise , Bernaers Lisa , Meeus Mira , Coppieters Iris 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAfter whiplash injury, some patients develop chronic whiplash‐associated disorders. The exact pathophysiology of this chronification is still unclear and more knowledge is needed regarding the different post‐injury phases. Therefore, studies were searched that examined temporal changes in pain processing, measured by Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST).Databases and Data TreatmentThis systematic review searched three electronic databases (Medline, Web of Science and Embase) for articles meeting the eligibility requirements. Risk of bias was assessed according to a modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.ResultsThe 12 included studies presented moderate to good methodological quality. These studies showed altered pain processing within the first month after injury and normalization within 3 months in 59%–78% of the patients. After 3 months, recovery stagnates during the following years. Thermal and widespread mechanical hyperalgesia occur already in the acute phase, but only in eventually non‐recovered patients.ConclusionsDifferences in pain processing between recovering and non‐recovering patients can be observed already in the acute phase. Early screening for signs of altered pain processing can identify patients with high risk for chronification. These insights in temporal changes show the importance of rehabilitation in the acute phase. Future research should target to develop a standardized (bed‐site) QST protocol and collect normative data which could, in relation with self‐reported pain parameters, allow clinicians to identify the risk for chronification.SignificanceAltered pain processing is present soon after whiplash injury, but usually recovers within 3 months. Non‐recovering patients show little to no improvements in the following years. Differences between recovering and non‐recovering patients can be observed by Quantitative Sensory Testing already in the acute phase. Therefore, it is considered a feasible and effective tool that can contribute to the identification of high‐risk patients and the prevention of chronification.
Black Phosphorene Modified Electrochemical Sensor for Fast Determination of 5‐Hydroxymethyl‐2‐furfural in Milk
Authors: Li Yuzhen , Huang Lu , Weng Xuexiang , Liu Zhenmin , You Chunping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe fast detection of 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furfural (HMF) in food industry is vital because of its toxicity and mutagenicity. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with black phosphorene (BP) nanosheets was prepared and coated with Nafion to improve stability. The electrode has excellent electrochemical stability and current response for HMF electroreduction. The good linear relationship is in the concentration range of 0.1–10 μg/mL with the detection limit of 0.012 μg/mL. HMF electroreduction is a diffusion‐controlled process involving two electrons and two protons. The sensor was successfully applied to the measurement of HMF in milk with the recovery values of 92.92 %–96.33 %.
Toward understanding ignition vulnerabilities to firebrand showers using reduced‐scale experiments
Authors: Suzuki Sayaka , Manzello Samuel L. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryOver the past few years, the large outdoor fire problem has been a growing concern throughout the world. It is recommended to clear the combustibles around homes and within communities to avoid potential loss of properties, as firebrand shower ignition is a dangerous threat. One of the common combustibles around homes is mulching materials. A reduced‐scale experimental protocol was developed to study ignition of mulching materials by firebrands and resulting impact to adjunct wall assemblies. Reduced‐scale experimental results were compared with full‐scale experimental results. Specifically, two trends were of interest in the comparisons. First, the ranking of the ease of ignition for various mulch types from exposure to firebrand showers. Second, if a given mulch type ignited from exposure to firebrand showers, was the resulting mulch bed fire able to ignite the adjacent wall assembly. The reduced‐scale experimental results captured some of these trends observed from full‐scale experiments but not completely. The findings still suggest that the reduced‐scale experiments may give insights into how easily different mulch beds may be ignited by firebrands, as compared to much more costly and time‐consuming full‐scale experiments. While it is interesting to conduct full‐scale experiments, this is very expensive and not always practical, so the authors are devising far cheaper reduced‐scale experiments to provide more in‐depth scientific understanding of firebrand shower ignition of construction components.