bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simplified Approach for Calculating Building‐Specific Attenuation Factors and Vapor Intrusion Mitigation System Flux‐Based Radius of Influence
Authors: Nicholson B.A.Sc. Paul , Mali B.A.Sc Darius , McAlary Ph.D. Todd A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article describes a simplified method to calculate a building‐specific subslab to indoor air attenuation factor using data collected during pressure‐field extension testing similar to industry standards for radon mitigation. It also describes a simplified method to calculate the radius of influence for a conventional suction point using a mass flux‐balance model. The analysis is based on three simple measurements: (1) the extraction flow rate, (2) cross‐slab applied vacuum at a radial distance of 3 feet, and (3) cross‐slab applied vacuum at a radial distance of 10 feet. The intent is to provide a practitioner with a rapid and useful screening‐level assessment of whether the benefits of reduced mitigation system costs warrant an investment in a more detailed mathematical analysis of the flow and vacuum data. In addition, this may also help a practitioner to make real‐time decisions regarding placement of communication test points during pressure‐field extension testing.
Butterfly communities track climatic variation over space but not time in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Mingarro Mario , Cancela Juan Pablo , BurÓn‐Ugarte Ana , García‐Barros Enrique , Munguira Miguel L. , Romo Helena , Wilson Robert J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Indices of environmental associations such as the Community Temperature Index (CTI) and Community Precipitation Index (CPI) can be derived from occurrence data to extend the geographic scope or time frame of evidence for responses of insect diversity to global change.
We tested whether occurrence records from 1901 to 2016 from the Iberian Peninsula could shed light on butterfly community responses to changes over space and time in the climate; and whether local climatic variation caused by topographic heterogeneity could buffer communities against the effects of climate change.
CTI and CPI were closely related to variation in temperature and precipitation across 115 well‐sampled 10 km grid squares. However, whereas temperature and precipitation changed systematically from 1901–1979 to 1980–2016, and these changes were positively related to changes in CTI and CPI, community climatic associations did not change significantly over time. Butterfly communities became more associated with closed vegetation, suggesting that land cover changes overshadowed the effects of climate change.
Local (1 km) climatic variation generally exceeded change over time at 10 km resolution, and heterogeneity in elevation slowed rates of warming. In turn, spatial variation in climatic conditions dampened butterfly community responses to heating and drying.
Occurrence data are limited by their spatial resolution but can inform understanding of insect community responses to global change for regions lacking long‐term monitoring data. Our results suggest that local climatic variation accompanying topographic heterogeneity can shield regional butterfly faunas from the impacts of climate change.
Artificial Intelligence in hair research: A proof‐of‐concept study on evaluating hair assembly features
Authors: Daniels Gabriela , Tamburic Slobodanka , Benini Sergio , Randall Jane , Sanderson Tracey , Savardi Mattia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe first objective of this study was to apply computer vision and machine learning techniques to quantify the effects of haircare treatments on hair assembly and to identify correctly whether unknown tresses were treated or not. The second objective was to explore and compare the performance of human assessment with that obtained from artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms.MethodsMachine learning was applied to a data set of hair tress images (virgin and bleached), both untreated and treated with a shampoo and conditioner set, aimed at increasing hair volume whilst improving alignment and reducing the flyway of the hair. The automatic quantification of the following hair image features was conducted: local and global hair volumes and hair alignment. These features were assessed at three time points: t0 (no treatment), t1 (two treatments) and t2 (three treatments). Classifier tests were applied to test the accuracy of the machine learning. A sensory test (paired comparison of t0 vs t2) and an online front image‐based survey (paired comparison of t0 vs t1, t1 vs t2, t0 vs t2) were conducted to compare human assessment with that of the algorithms.ResultsThe automatic image analysis identified changes to hair volume and alignment which enabled the successful application of the classification tests, especially when the hair images were grouped into untreated and treated groups. The human assessment of hair presented in pairs confirmed the automatic image analysis. The image assessment for both virgin hair and bleached only partially agreed with the analysis of the subset of images used in the online survey. One hypothesis is that treatments changed somewhat the shape of the hair tress, with the effect being more pronounced in bleached hair. This made human assessment of flat images more challenging than when viewed directly in 3D. Overall, the bleached hair exhibited effects of higher magnitude than the virgin hair.ConclusionsThis study illustrated the capacity of artificial intelligence for hair image detection and classification, and for image analysis of hair assembly features following treatments. The human assessment partially confirmed the image analysis and highlighted the challenges imposed by the presentation mode.
Bullying in nursing students: A integrative literature review
Authors: Fernández‐Gutiérrez Lidia , Mosteiro‐Díaz Maria‐Pilar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this integrative review was to analyse the current situation of bullying in nursing students through an exhaustive review of the last 10 years. As the sources of information, we used electronic databases, such as Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane, and SciELO, using bullying, nursing students, and clinical environment as search terms. We based the methodology of the study in PRISMA checklist. Articles were selected for their relevance and suitability for the purpose, and they were constructed into a table. A critical appraisal was done using MMAT TOOL and AACOODS checklist. Papers were analysed using a constant comparison and a concept mapping. Finally, 30 articles were included. We analysed: prevalence, profile of the victim and perpetrator, type of violence, and bullying consequences. Bullying prevalence varied from 9–96% according to the author. Differences about the influence of sociodemographic variables were detected, there is no consensus about age, gender, or educational level. Bullying in nursing students is an important problem that affects all spheres of their life. Harassment also has consequences for the patient and for the health organization, so it is really important to take action regarding bullying and to act to victims, perpetrators, and health organizations. Regarding to implications for nursing practice, we found that some interventions were useful to reduce bullying, so it is important to participate in intervention programmes to eventually stop this problem. This study has revealed that more research on the efficacy of psychological intervention programmes to help students cope with bullying situations is essential.
An evaluation of mental health and emotion regulation experienced by undergraduate nursing students in China during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhu Yuanyuan , Wang Hongyun , Wang Aihong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 outbreak negatively impacted the mental health and emotions of many individuals. The study presented here explores the mental health and emotion regulation experienced by undergraduate nursing students in China during the pandemic. Potential risk factors related to negative mental health symptoms were identified in this study. An online cross‐sectional study including 342 respondents was performed from March 6, 2020, to April 1, 2020, at a University in China. A Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7), Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were used to evaluate mental health and emotions. The statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, or comorbid anxiety and depression were 55.0%, 56.4%, and 31.6%, respectively. The mean score of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression was 29.36 ± 8.00 and 15.55 ± 5.14. Lower scores for cognitive reappraisal and higher scores for expressive suppression were susceptible to symptoms of anxiety, depression, or comorbid anxiety and depression. Issues with mental health occurred in nursing students during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Findings from this study provide a better understanding of the association between mental health and emotion regulation, which will help direct psychological intervention that relieves these issues during the pandemic.
Community phylogeographic patterns reveal how a barrier filters and structures taxa in North American warm deserts
Authors: Provost Kaiya L. , Myers Edward A. , Smith Brian Tilston 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThe study of biogeographic barriers is instrumental in understanding the evolution and distribution of taxa. With the increasing availability of empirical datasets, emergent patterns can be inferred from communities by synthesizing how barriers filter and structure populations across species. We assemble phylogeographic data across a barrier and perform spatially explicit simulations, quantifying spatiotemporal patterns of divergence, the influence of traits on these patterns, and the statistical power needed to differentiate diversification modes.TaxonVertebrates, Invertebrates, PlantsLocationNorth AmericaMethodsWe incorporate published datasets, from papers that match relevant keywords, to examine taxa around the Cochise Filter Barrier, separating the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts of North America, to synthesize phylogeographic structuring across the communities with respect to organismal functional traits. We then use simulation and machine learning to assess the power of phylogeographic model selection.ResultsTaxa distributed across the Cochise Filter Barrier show heterogeneous responses to the barrier in levels of gene flow, phylogeographic structure, divergence timing, barrier width, and divergence mechanism. These responses correlate with locomotor and thermoregulatory traits. Many taxa show a Pleistocene population genetic break, often with introgression after divergence. Allopatric isolation and isolation by environment are the primary mechanisms structuring genetic divergence within taxa. Simulations reveal that in spatially explicit isolation with migration models across the barrier, age of divergence, presence of gene flow, and presence of isolation by distance can confound the interpretation of evolutionary history and model selection by producing easily confusable results. We re‐analyze five empirical genetic datasets to illustrate the utility of these simulations despite these constraints.Main ConclusionsBy synthesizing phylogeographic data for the Cochise Filter Barrier, we show that barriers interact with species traits to differentiate taxa in communities over millions of years. Identifying diversification modes across the barrier for these taxa remains challenging because commonly invoked demographic models may not be identifiable across a range of likely parameter space.
Barriers to telehealth access among homebound older adults
Authors: Kalicki Alexander V. , Moody Kate A. , Franzosa Emily , Gliatto Peter M. , Ornstein Katherine A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesTo identify major barriers to video‐based telehealth use among homebound older adults.DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingA large home‐based primary care (HBPC) program in New York City (NYC) serving 873 homebound patients living in the community.ParticipantsSixteen primary care physicians.MeasurementsAn 11‐item assessment of provider perceptions of patients' experience with and barriers to telehealth.ResultsAccording to physicians in the HBPC program, more than one‐third (35%) of homebound patients (mean age of 82.7; 46.6% with dementia; mean of 4 comorbidities/patient) engaged in first‐time video‐based telehealth encounters between April and June 2020 during the first COVID‐19 surge in NYC. The majority (82%) required assistance from a family member and/or paid caregiver to complete the visit. Among patients who had not used telehealth, providers deemed 27% (n = 153) “unable to interact over video” for reasons including cognitive or sensory impairment and 14% lacked access to a caregiver to assist them with technology. Physicians were not knowledgeable of their patients' internet connectivity, ability to pay for cellular plans, or video‐capable device access.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in a large and dramatic shift to video‐based telehealth use in home‐based primary care. However, 4 months into the pandemic a majority of patients had not participated in a video‐based telehealth encounter due to a number of barriers. Patients lacking caregiver support to assist with technology may benefit from novel approaches such as the deployment of community health workers to assist with device setup. Physicians may not be able to identify potentially modifiable barriers to telehealth use among their patients, highlighting the need for better systematic data collection before targeted interventions to increase video‐based telehealth use.
Designing the sensory profile of sugarcane juice extracted from different cultivars
Authors: de Queiroz Bomdespacho Laura , Lapa‐Guimarães Judite , Petrus Rodrigo Rodrigues 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe raw material cultivar of sugarcane may significantly influence juice quality. This study was primarily conducted to design the sensory profile of pasteurized cane juice extracted from eight cultivars of raw material. Hedonic tests, Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), and check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) techniques were performed. The juice batches were treated at 85°C/30 s, cooled to 10°C and ultra clean filled into plastic bottles. Microbiological and physicochemical assays and instrumental measurement of color parameters were carried out to feature the end product and assure its safety. Juice samples from different cultivars were discriminated in relation to their color, sugarcane flavor, sweet taste, and body in the QDA. The findings demonstrated that juice from different cultivars were similar, except for color, sweet odor, and sugarcane flavor. Such attributes played a crucial role for appearance and flavor acceptability. In CATA technique, the panelists discriminated the juice's cultivars in most of the sensory descriptors. The attributes of “rapadura” (juice candy) odor, “sweet” odor, “strong rapadura” odor, and “light/bright” color are desirable in cane juice because they increase its acceptability.Practical ApplicationsThis research paper describes the sensory profile for pasteurized sugarcane juice extracted from different cultivars of raw material. The cane cultivar has a great impact on the juice's quality and shelf life. The findings herein reported can be utilized by the emerging cane juice industry for effective choice of raw material cultivar as well as to perform the juice's processing.
Feeding rice fermented beer waste improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization in growing rabbits
Authors: Lalhriatpuii Melody , Patra Amlan Kumar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary rice brewer waste (RBW) on growth performance, nutrient utilization and nitrogen balance in growing rabbits. Thirty growing rabbits (758 ± 25.7 g initial body weight) were randomly assigned to control and four treatment groups (containing RBW) in a completely randomized design with six rabbits per group. The study lasted 6 weeks for measurements of feed intake and growth performance followed by a five‐day metabolic trial to determine nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance. The five diets contained RBW at 0% RBW (control group), unsterilized RBW at 10% and 20% and sterilized RBW at 10% and 20% in the concentrates. The average daily body weight gain (ADG) in the 20% unsterilized RBW group was higher (p < 0.01) than the control group. No statistically significant difference (p = 0.089) of ADG was observed for the control vs. the sterilized groups, but the overall ADG was better (p = 0.044) in the unsterilized RBW groups than the sterilized RBW groups. The daily dry matter intake in unsterilized and sterilized RBW groups was higher (p < 0.01) than the control group. However, no difference (p = 0.22) was found between the unsterilized and sterilized RBW. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower for the unsterilized RBW groups vs. the control group (p = 0.041), but there was no difference of FCR in the control vs. sterilized RBW groups (p = 0.37) and the unsterilized RBW groups vs. unsterilized RBW groups (p = 0.14). The digestibility of organic matter, crude protein and crude fibre was greater (p < 0.01) in the unsterilized and sterilized RBW groups than the control group. The nitrogen balance and efficiency of nitrogen utilization were also higher in the unsterilized and sterilized RBW groups than the control group (p < 0.01). The study showed that the dietary RBW could improve growth performance and nutrient utilization in growing rabbits with superior responses for the unsterilized RBW.
Furosemide clearance in very preterm neonates early in life: A pilot study using scavenged samples
Authors: Okazaki Kaoru , Fukuoka Noriyasu , Kuboi Toru , Unemoto Jun , Kondo Masatoshi , Kusaka Takashi , Itoh Susumu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundFurosemide is an off‐label drug, frequently used as a diuretic in neonates with oliguria and/or edema. Its clearance in preterm neonates is lower than in term neonates or children. We aimed, herein, to clarify furosemide clearance (CL) in very preterm (VP) neonates (<28 weeks’ gestation) within the first 2 weeks of life and identify the factors predictive of the pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters, such as CL.MethodsFurosemide was administered at 0.5 or 1 mg/kg in a 0.5‐h infusion via a syringe pump; blood samples were drawn from an artery or vein after the intravenous injection. The serum furosemide concentration was measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The PK parameters were then analyzed using Bayesian estimation.ResultsThirteen blood samples were obtained from 10 VP neonates after intravenous injection. The mean postconceptional age and mean postnatal days at exposure to furosemide were 26.9 weeks and 7.1 days, respectively. The estimated mean CL was 16.5 mL/kg/h. The mean distribution volume (Vd) and elimination half‐life (t1/2) were 0.37 L/kg and 15.3 h, respectively. Furosemide CL was negatively associated with serum creatinine (SCr) [CL = 84.2 – 67.1 × SCr (mg/dL)].ConclusionsVery preterm neonates within the first 2 weeks of life had a higher CL than subjects in other preterm neonatal studies. The SCr level was the sole parameter influencing furosemide CL and might serve as a good index for furosemide dosing in VP neonates.
Effects of panicle development stage and temperature on rice panicle blast infection by Magnaporthe oryzae and visualization of its infection process
Authors: Du Yan , Qi Zhongqiang , Yu Junjie , Yu Mina , Cao Huijuan , Zhang Rongsheng , Yong Mingli , Yin Xiaole , Pan Xiayan , Song Tianqiao , Liu Yongfeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPanicle blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (syn. Pyricularia oryzae), directly contributes to yield loss in the field. The effects of panicle development stage and temperature on panicle blast were studied and the infection process of M. oryzae in panicles was visualized. Rice panicles at different development stages from three rice cultivars were inoculated with a conidial suspension in vitro. The rice cultivar Lijiangxintuanheigu was highly susceptible to panicle blast at 5 days postinoculation (dpi) when the pulvinus distance was 15–20 cm. Nanjing 9108 was moderately susceptible to panicle blast when the pulvinus distance was 8–10 cm, but Yliangyou 800 was resistant. The effect of temperature on panicle blast was determined under 22–35 °C temperature treatments. Inoculated panicles placed at temperatures of 28 and 30 °C showed the highest lesion grade based on lesion length at 5 dpi. The infection process of M. oryzae in rice panicles was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). M. oryzae initially formed the appressorium to invade through the epidermis of rice panicles at 24 hours postinoculation (hpi). As the disease progressed, the invasive hyphae formed dense mycelial networks in the inner parenchyma cells at 60 hpi. Our results will contribute to the understanding of panicle development stage and temperature effects on panicle blast and improve resistance evaluation methods. Additionally, visualization of the infection process by CLSM and TEM are valuable methods to observe M. oryzae invasive hyphae inside rice panicle cells.
“Lost Cause” Memories and Cultural Amnesias: Mayor Mitch Landrieu's Tragicomic Speech on Confederate Monument Removals
Authors: Carr M. Kelly 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThis essay examines the rhetorical strategies used in former New Orleans Mayor Mitch Landrieu's speech explaining the city's decision to remove several Confederate memorials.MethodThe author performs a Burkean rhetorical analysis to the transcript and social context of Landrieu's May 19, 2017, speech. Additionally, the author applies frameworks of visual rhetoric, public memory, and third persona to engage Landrieu's construction of the memorials’ meaning and their amnesias.ResultsLandrieu used identification, a nuanced commemorative rhetorical analysis, and a comic frame to explain both the lure and the damaging falsehood of the Lost Cause narrative that the memorials represent. He reserved the tragic frame for those who continue to support the Lost Cause narrative.ConclusionsIn this rhetorical move, Landrieu divides monument supporters between those explicitly tied to the Confederate cause of white supremacy—these people are consciously evil—and those who have been hoodwinked by the monuments’ narrative—for these people, he offers redemption. The tragicomic frame made Landrieu's speech well received nationally and revealed promise through its distinction between supporters of white supremacy and passive adopters of the memorials’ narratives. However, it did not appear to persuade monument supporters, revealing the limitations of an agency‐centered approach to combating the Lost Cause narrative.