bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing of surgery following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: an international prospective cohort study
Authors:   COVIDSurg Collaborative,   GlobalSurg Collaborative
Published: March 2021

SummaryPeri‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal duration of planned delay before surgery in patients who have had SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study included patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery during October 2020. Surgical patients with pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were compared with those without previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The primary outcome measure was 30‐day postoperative mortality. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted 30‐day mortality rates stratified by time from diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to surgery. Among 140,231 patients (116 countries), 3127 patients (2.2%) had a pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis. Adjusted 30‐day mortality in patients without SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 1.5% (95%CI 1.4–1.5). In patients with a pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis, mortality was increased in patients having surgery within 0–2 weeks, 3–4 weeks and 5–6 weeks of the diagnosis (odds ratio (95%CI) 4.1 (3.3–4.8), 3.9 (2.6–5.1) and 3.6 (2.0–5.2), respectively). Surgery performed ≥ 7 weeks after SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis was associated with a similar mortality risk to baseline (odds ratio (95%CI) 1.5 (0.9–2.1)). After a ≥ 7 week delay in undertaking surgery following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, patients with ongoing symptoms had a higher mortality than patients whose symptoms had resolved or who had been asymptomatic (6.0% (95%CI 3.2–8.7) vs. 2.4% (95%CI 1.4–3.4) vs. 1.3% (95%CI 0.6–2.0), respectively). Where possible, surgery should be delayed for at least 7 weeks following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Patients with ongoing symptoms ≥ 7 weeks from diagnosis may benefit from further delay.
Impact of CytoSorb on kinetics of vancomycin and bivalirudin in critically ill patients
Authors: Scandroglio Anna Mara , Pieri Marina , Nardelli Pasquale , Fominskiy Evgeny , Calabrò Maria Grazia , Melisurgo Giulio , Ajello Silvia , Pappalardo Federico 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCytoSorb is a promising tool to treat severe inflammatory status with multiple mechanisms in the acute care setting. Its effect on drugs is, however, poorly documented in vivo, although removal of small molecules might translate into decreased blood levels of life‐saving medications. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of CytoSorb on vancomycin and bivalirudin clearance in a large population of critically ill patients. We performed a single‐center analysis of CytoSorb treatments performed between January 2018 and March 2019 in critically ill patients admitted to our intensive care unit. A total of 109 CytoSorb treatments were performed in 89 patients. A decrease in lactate dehydrogenase (P = .007), troponin T (P = .022), and creatine phosphokinase (P = .013) was reported during treatment. Vancomycin dose required significant adjustments during treatment (P < .001), but no significant change was necessary after the first 3 days. Similarly, the requirements of bivalirudin significantly changed over days (P < .001), but no dose adjustment was needed after the first 3 days of treatment. No differences in terms of vancomycin and bivalirudin dose need was observed between patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and those who were not (P = .6 and P = .6, respectively), between patients with and without continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration (P = .9 and P = .9, respectively), and between CytoSorb responders or not (P = .4 and P = .7, respectively). CytoSorb is effective in mitigating the systemic inflammatory response and safe with respect to vancomycin and bivalirudin administration. These preliminary data further support the use of CytoSorb as adjunct therapy in critically ill patients.
Number of words at age 2.5 years is associated with intellectual functioning at age 7 years in the SELMA study
Authors: Marinopoulou Maria , Billstedt Eva , Lin Ping‐I , Hallerbäck Maria , Bornehag Carl‐Gustaf 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimWe examined the association between the number of words used at age 2.5 years and deficits in intellectual functioning at age 7 years, in 549 children, and whether such association is confirmed by parental concern about the child's development.MethodsParental reports of how many words their children used at age 2.5 years were analysed for the association to intellectual functioning (assessed with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fourth Edition,WISC‐IV) at age 7 years using linear regression, adjusting for sex, maternal education level, parental IQ and smoking during pregnancy. Parental concern at age 7 years was examined with the Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations‐Questionnaire (ESSENCE‐Q).ResultsAdjusted linear regression showed that use of 50 words or fewer at age 2.5 years, relative to use of more than 50 words, was associated with lower scores of Full‐scale IQ (B = 7.27, p = 0.001), verbal comprehension (B = 8.53, p < 0.001), working memory (B = 9.04, p < 0.001) and perceptual reasoning (B = 4.21, p = 0.045), in the WISC‐IV, at age 7 years. Parental concern was more common in the group that used 50 words or fewer (Mann‐Whitney U test, p = 0.011).ConclusionThis easily accessible measure of number of words seems to be a valuable marker for intellectual functioning later in life.
Infiltration of CD163‐, PD‐L1‐ and FoxP3‐positive cells adversely affects outcome in patients with mantle cell lymphoma independent of established risk factors
Authors: Rodrigues Joana M. , Nikkarinen Anna , Hollander Peter , Weibull Caroline E. , Räty Riikka , Kolstad Arne , Amini Rose‐Marie , Porwit Anna , Jerkeman Mats , Ek Sara , Glimelius Ingrid 
Published: March 2021

SummaryWe characterised patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) with poor prognosis based on differences in immune infiltration. Different expressions of the tumour cell markers Cyclin D1 and sex‐determining region Y‐box transcription factor 11 (SOX11), and the immune markers cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3), CD4, CD8, CD25, forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3), T‐box transcription factor TBX21 (T‐bet), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1), programmed‐death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and CD163 were investigated for all‐cause mortality in 282 patients with MCL and time‐to‐progression (TTP) in 106 clinical trial patients. With increasing age, a significantly lower infiltration of CD3+ T lymphocytes was seen. T‐cell infiltration was independent of cellular tumour antigen p53 (p53) expression, Ki‐67, morphology and frequency of tumour cells. The all‐cause mortality was higher in patients with PD‐L1‐expression above cut‐off [hazard ratio (HR) 1·97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·18–3·25, adjusted for sex and MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI)] and a higher frequency of CD163+ cells (continuously, HR 1·51, 95% CI 1·03–2·23, adjusting for age, sex, morphology, Ki‐67 and p53). In patients treated within the Nordic Lymphoma Group MCL2/3 trials, TTP was shorter in patients with a higher frequency of FoxP3+ cells (HR 3·22, 95% CI 1·40–7·43) and CD163+ cells (HR 6·09, 95% CI 1·84–20·21), independent of sex and MIPI. When combined a higher frequency of CD163+ macrophages and PD‐L1+ cells or high CD163+ macrophages and FoxP3+ regulatory T cells indicated worse outcome independent of established risk factors. The T‐cell infiltrate was in turn independent of molecular characteristics of the malignant cells and decreased with age.
The life cycle analysis of a dental examination: Quantifying the environmental burden of an examination in a hypothetical dental practice
Authors: Borglin Linnea , Pekarski Stephanie , Saget Sophie , Duane Brett 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesGlobal sustainability is considered the number one health concern facing our planet. Dental care is currently not provided in a sustainable way. This study aims to quantify the potential environmental burden of an examination in a hypothetical dental practice and identify major contributors to environmental harm.Materials and MethodsA life cycle analysis was performed for the life cycle of an examination of one patient in a hypothetical dental practice. The equipment and products analysed were those available at the Faculty of Dentistry, Malmö University. The Ecoinvent version 3.5 database and the life cycle assessment software tool OpenLCA version 1.10 were chosen for this study.ResultsNormalized results indicate that the impact categories to which the modelled examination most significantly contributes are water scarcity, freshwater eutrophication and human toxicity (cancer effects). The major contributors or hotspots relating to the environmental harm of an examination procedure are soaps and detergents, disposable bibs, surface disinfection, stainless‐steel instruments, clothing, water use and wastewater.ConclusionNormalized results indicate that the potential environmental impact of an examination compared to one individual's impact per year is minimal. Considering the potential number of dental examinations and other dental procedures performed every year puts the findings in another perspective. This paper touches on some of the ways that the environmental burden of an examination could be reduced. Small changes to everyday practice, such as always making sure the dishwasher and washing machines are full when turned on, using less environmentally damaging soaps, more sustainable clothing alternatives and using necessary instruments could significantly reduce dentistry's environmental impact. Changes in materials and practice may result in potential trade‐offs. Research would need to be carried out comparing the environmental burden of any alternatives. We hope in the near future that there will be more evidence relating to products used within dental care settings, potential trade‐offs and dentistry's environmental burden.
The Division of Labor in Communication: Speakers Help Listeners Account for Asymmetries in Visual Perspective
Authors: Hawkins Robert D. , Gweon Hyowon , Goodman Noah D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent debates over adults' theory of mind use have been fueled by surprising failures of perspective‐taking in communication, suggesting that perspective‐taking may be relatively effortful. Yet adults routinely engage in effortful processes when needed. How, then, should speakers and listeners allocate their resources to achieve successful communication? We begin with the observation that the shared goal of communication induces a natural division of labor: The resources one agent chooses to allocate toward perspective‐taking should depend on their expectations about the other's allocation. We formalize this idea in a resource‐rational model augmenting recent probabilistic weighting accounts with a mechanism for (costly) control over the degree of perspective‐taking. In a series of simulations, we first derive an intermediate degree of perspective weighting as an optimal trade‐off between expected costs and benefits of perspective‐taking. We then present two behavioral experiments testing novel predictions of our model. In Experiment 1, we manipulated the presence or absence of occlusions in a director–matcher task. We found that speakers spontaneously modulated the informativeness of their descriptions to account for “known unknowns” in their partner's private view, reflecting a higher degree of speaker perspective‐taking than previously acknowledged. In Experiment 2, we then compared the scripted utterances used by confederates in prior work with those produced in interactions with unscripted directors. We found that confederates were systematically less informative than listeners would initially expect given the presence of occlusions, but listeners used violations to adaptively make fewer errors over time. Taken together, our work suggests that people are not simply “mindblind”; they use contextually appropriate expectations to navigate the division of labor with their partner. We discuss how a resource‐rational framework may provide a more deeply explanatory foundation for understanding flexible perspective‐taking under processing constraints.
Not all matrix habitat is created equal for rare bee species in forest habitat
Authors: Volenec Zoe M. , Smith Colleen M. 
Published: March 2021

1. Anthropogenic land‐use change alters the ecological communities in a landscape's remaining natural habitat. These matrix effects are understudied in rare species, which comprise a majority of biodiversity, contribute to ecosystem services, and are particularly vulnerable to population declines.2. This study used bee species survey data from New Jersey forest fragments, in conjunction with an independent museum data set, to identify rare bee species and developed regularised regularised regression models of matrix effects on their richness and abundance.3. By using a regularised modelling approach, this study explains 44.43% of variation in rare bee species richness between forest fragments and 27.27% of variation in their abundance (average adjusted R2).4. The present study's results identified specific subcategories of urban land use in the surrounding 1000 m of forest fragments that explained patterns in rare bee species richness and abundance, providing insights into how to select forest fragments to conserve rare bees. Low priority should be given to fragments in close proximity to high‐ and medium‐density housing, which likely harms rare bees by increasing impervious surface cover. Low priority should also be given to fragments near golf courses and athletic fields; this study speculates that these land uses harm rare bees through mowing and pesticide application. Finally, high priority should be given to fragments composed of a larger proportion of mature forest, which likely provides a greater diversity of native floral resources. Altogether, this study's model results reveal the importance of matrix habitats for the biodiversity of rare species in forest fragments.
Neuropathy of the phrenic nerve associated with antiganglioside antibodies
Authors: Serrien Anouk , Sanders Katrien , Claeys Kristl G. , Poesen Koen , Testelmans Dries , Van Damme Philip 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeAntiganglioside antibodies have been implicated in several autoimmune‐mediated neuropathies, and binding of these antibodies can result in inflammatory changes of the nerves. Diaphragmatic paralysis is a rare condition, mostly arising from diseases affecting the phrenic nerve, neuromuscular junction, or skeletal muscle.ObjectivesIn this case series, we identified five patients with diaphragmatic paralysis due to unilateral or bilateral neuropathy of the phrenic nerve associated with the presence of antiganglioside antibodies (immunoglobulin G anti‐GT1a antibodies and immunoglobulin M anti‐GM1 antibodies).DiscussionThe combination of an isolated phrenic nerve palsy with anti‐GM1 antibodies has only once been described. On the other hand, the association of anti‐GT1a antibodies with phrenic nerve palsy has never been reported before.ConclusionsWe report an association between phrenic nerve palsy and the presence of antiganglioside antibodies, but it remains unclear if there is a causal relationship. Further studies are needed to explore this matter.
Glandular stem cells in the skin during development, homeostasis, wound repair and regeneration
Authors: Lin Meng‐Ju , Lu Catherine Pei‐ju 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlands in the skin are essential for various physiological functions involving exocrine secretion. Like other tissues and organs, they possess the ability to repair injury and self‐renew during homeostasis. Progenitor cells in glands are mostly unipotent but include some multipotent stem cells that function when extensive remodelling or regeneration is required. In this review, using two glandular models in skin, mouse sweat gland and mammary gland, we discuss lineage restriction that develops during glandular morphogenesis, as well as the mechanisms regulating cell fate and plasticity during wound repair and regeneration. Understanding the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that control the behaviours of glandular stem cell and maintain glandular functions will provide insight into future prospects for glandular regeneration.
School administrators’ perspectives of French immersion programs
Authors: Grivet Candice Suzanne , Haj‐Broussard Michelle , Broomé Rodger 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study explored how school administrators understand and plan for French immersion program components in K‐12 schools in Louisiana. The theory of effective bilingual schooling and the Guiding Principles for Dual Language Education served as the framework of the study. The research questions that guided the study asked how school principals and assistant principals understand and plan for French immersion program components in K‐12 schools. Purposive sampling was used to select five school administrators. Data were gathered through semi‐structured, one‐on‐one interviews. The analysis of data used inductive thematic analysis. Five themes emerged: multilingualism and multiculturalism, academic achievement, leadership, teachers’ support, and program networking. Findings from this study were that school administrators developed a high degree of advocacy, teachers’ support, shared leadership, and strengthened communication and relationships with local, national, and international partners to deepen stakeholders’ involvement.
International students' perspective on developing employability during study abroad
Authors: Fakunle Omolabake 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the last three decades, the role of higher education institutions (HEIs) in employability skill development has been emphasised in UK national policy. Within the same time frame, internationalisation has emerged as a key strategy in higher education (HE), nationally and globally. However, the connection between the internationalisation of higher education and developing graduate employability is an understudied area of research. This paper addresses an identified gap in extant literature by examining the intersection of internationalisation, employability and the international student experience. The paper focuses on non‐EU international students' perspectives which is neglected in dominant discourses on employability. Thematic analysis of data collected from 36 semi‐structured interviews with students from 11 non‐EU countries reveals the importance international students place on employability development opportunities during their study abroad. The findings highlight how international student agency is enabled or constrained within the affordances of international HE, and the implications for employability policy development in an increasingly internationalised context of the delivery of higher education. In conclusion, the implication of the findings is considered in view of the constraints on mobility brought on by COVID‐19.
Surviving the employment gap: a cross‐sectional survey of internationally educated nurses
Authors: Covell Christine L. , Adhikari Anu , Salami Bukola 
Published: March 2021

AimTo examine the extent to which the type of financial assistance (personal resources, social programmes and earnings) and source country influence the length of time for internationally educated nurses to secure employment as regulated nurses in Canada.BackgroundInternationally educated nurses must professionally recertify in order to work as regulated nurses in Canada. For many, it can be a lengthy, cumbersome and costly process that delays employment, while others recertify and secure employment quickly. Financial assistance in the form of personal resources, or from social programmes or earnings from working could contribute to the length of time to recertify. When internationally educated nurses cannot readily recertify, they turn to survival jobs where they can remain and never practice their profession in Canada or leave the country to work in jurisdictions where it easier to obtain professional credentials.MethodsData were collected via cross‐sectional survey of internationally educated nurses (n = 1186) who were immigrants, permanent residents and employed as regulated nurses. Multiple linear regression was employed to examine the influence of the type of financial assistance (personal resources, social programmes and earnings) and source country on time to regulated nurse employment.ResultsRegression model explained 9.3% of variance in time to regulated nurse employment. Three predictors were statistically significant: source country, social programmes and earnings. Personal resources was not a significant predictor.ConclusionFinancial assistance helps internationally educated nurses survive the regulated nurse employment gap. The type of financial assistance and source country influences the length of time to regulated nurse employment.Implication for nursing and social policyProvides initial evidence to support the development of policies, and educational and social programmes to assist internationally educated nurses with financially surviving the gap in regulated nurse employment.
Livedoid vasculopathy and its association with genetic variants: A systematic review
Authors: Gao Yimeng , Jin Hongzhong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLivedoid vasculopathy (LV) is considered a disease of hypercoagulability. Association of LV with genetic variants is poorly characterised and large‐scale genetic association studies have not been performed. The aim of the study was to systematically review variants in LV patients and to analyse the available clinical data. A systematic search of the literature in PubMed and Embase databases was performed to identify articles investigating genetic variation in LV patients. Thirty studies or case reports were identified that reported 265 LV patients tested for at least one out of six genetic variations. Among them,PAI‐1‐675 4G/5G was the most common, accounting for 85.26% (81/95). Heterozygous 4G/5G was the major genotype.PAI‐1A844G,MTHFRC677T, andMTHFRA1298C were the second, third, and fourth most common variants in LV patients.ProthrombinG20210A andFactor VG1691A were mainly present in LV patients from Europe, North America, and South America. This review highlights the associations between LV and genetic variants. The distribution of variants may be geographically or ethnicity dependent; however, large sample case‐control studies are needed to clarify associations.
A Photovoice Study: The life experiences of middle‐aged adults with intellectual disabilities in Korea
Authors: Kim Min Ah , Yi Jaehee , Bradbury Laura , Han Ki‐myung , Yang Jieun , Lee Jinseung 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs adults with intellectual disabilities approach older adulthood, they face unique physical and psychosocial challenges. This study explored the lived experiences of middle‐aged adults with intellectual disabilities living in their community.MethodSix sessions of Photovoice were conducted with a purposeful sample of six middle‐aged adults with intellectual disabilities in South Korea. Participants were involved with the theme selection, taking photographs related to the themes, group discussion of photo stories and sharing Photovoice outcomes.ResultsThematic analysis yielded 11 subthemes under the five major themes selected by the participants: health, free time, time in the centre, family and my future in old age.ConclusionsThe study findings showed complex issues middle‐aged adults with intellectual disabilities may face in later life, including bereavement and healthy lifestyle concerns. It is important to create a space for meaningful social support and social interactions without stigma.