bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Carotid Pressure‐Area Relation across the Adult Lifespan
Authors: Tarumi Takashi , Tomoto Tsubasa , Sugawara Jun 
Published: June 2021

Carotid arterial stiffness is an established risk factor for cerebrovascular disease; however, its structural property in response to pressure pulsatility remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the dynamic association between carotid artery pressure (CAP) and area (CAA) in healthy individuals across the adult lifespan.Methods108 participants (age range=19–85 years, 43% women) were tested. The CAA and CAP waveform were measured simultaneously from the bilateral common carotid arteries using applanation tonometry and ultrasonography respectively. To account for individual vessel size differences, CAA was normalized to the mean value and expressed in percentage. The CAP and CAA waveform were fast Fourier transformed to calculate power spectral densities (PSD), then transfer function analysis was used to estimate CAP‐CAA gain and coherence function.ResultsOlder adults showed higher systolic and pulse pressure than younger adults. Systemic arterial stiffness, as assessed by brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity, was also elevated in older adults. Spectral analysis revealed that PSD of CAP increases whereas that of CAD decreases with advancing age, and most of the age‐related differences are observed below ~4 Hz (Figure A). Furthermore, transfer function analysis exhibited the progressive reductions of CAP‐CAD gain in middle‐aged (0.264±0.087%/mmHg) and older adults (0.232±0.092%/mmHg) when compared with younger adults (0.414±0.166%/mmHg), while its coherence function remained at similar levels (Figure B).ConclusionsThe dynamic CAP‐CAA gain is significantly reduced in middle‐aged and older adults compared to young adults. These findings suggest that the structural property of the carotid artery is altered during middle age which may increase the risk of cerebrovascular disease incidence.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI 16KK0011 and 17H02186.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Dietary Flaxseed Protects against Post‐Myocardial Infarction Arrhythmias and Injury
Authors: Parikh Mihir , Raj Pema , Austria J Alejandro , Yu Liping , Netticadan Thomas , Pierce Grant N. 
Published: June 2021

Dietary Ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω‐3 PUFAs) have been associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular events and sudden cardiac death. Flaxseed is one of the richest plant sources of Ω‐3 PUFAs and has been observed to retard the progression and accelerate the regression of atherosclerotic plaque. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of dietary flaxseed on heart function and arrhythmias that develop after a myocardial infarction (MI). The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated in rats to induce the MI. Rats were randomized into five groups: sham MI with normal chow, MI with normal chow, MI with 10% milled flaxseed supplementation (flax), MI with 4.4% supplemented flax oil rich in alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA), and MI with flax lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) supplementation (0.44%). Animals were fed with their respective diets for two weeks before and for 8 weeks after the surgery. Echocardiography and continuous ECG recordings were obtained after ligation to confirm the induction of the MI, to check for arrhythmias and to assess cardiac function. Histological examination was also performed to evaluate cardiac fibrosis. Dietary supplementation with flax, ALA, and SDG significantly reduced the incidence of arrhythmia. Hearts obtained from flax, ALA, and SDG supplemented animals exhibited the smallest infarct size (12.39±0.77%, 13.70±1.20%, 11.63±1.36% vs. 34.02±3.22%, p<0.001). The left ventricle in the flax group was significantly less dilated compared to the control group (6.41±0.22 mm vs. 8.26±0.28 mm, p<0.001). A significantly small percentage of myocardial fibrosis and levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α were observed in all flax groups compared to the MI group (p<0.001). Together, this study generates evidence for a beneficial effect of flaxseed in patients post MI for the prevention of arrhythmias and ventricular remodeling.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by AAFC, CIHR, SaskFlax, Western Grain Research Foundation, Pizzey's Ingredients and St Boniface Hospital Foundation.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Gastrin Enhances the Sodium induced GLP‐1 secretion in the L‐Cells
Authors: Konkalmatt Prasad R , Asico Laureano D , Villar Van Anthony M , Cuevas Santiago , Armando Ines , Jose Pedro A 
Published: June 2021

Organ‐to‐organ communication plays an important role in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance and blood pressure. The gastrointestinal tract and kidney are organs involved in this process. The concept that these two organs communicate with each other is not new but the details of their communication pathways are not well studied. We hypothesized that in response to sodium ingested, a sodium sensor in the stomach induces the secretion of gastrin from the G‐cells and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) from the L‐cells. These two hormones taken up by the renal proximal tubule from the circulation, in turn regulate renal sodium transport to maintain sodium balance and normal blood pressure. The germline deletion or stomach‐selective silencing of Gast, increased blood pressure in conscious Gast−/− BALB/c mice (125 ± 3 vs 141 ± 4 mm Hg: *P<0.05 t‐test, n=3–6/group), and impaired their ability to excrete an oral sodium load (0.69 mmol sodium/0.1kg body weight). Incubation of human G‐cells in a medium with a high sodium (170 mM) concentration increased the sodium channel activity, intracellular sodium, and gastrin protein expression by 1.9 ± 0.3‐fold, relative the incubation medium with145 mM sodium. The exposure of BALB/c mouse stomach to 0.56 or 0.84 mmol sodium/0.1 kg body weight, in the absence of food, increased gastrin expression in 30 min by 3.2 ± 0.8‐fold or 6.6 ± 0.75‐fold, respectively. L‐cells exposed to normal (145 mM) and high (170 mM) concentrations of sodium, but not to low sodium concentration (90 mM), increased GLP‐1 expression and induced GLP‐1 secretion in a concentration dependent‐manner. GLP‐1 secretion was 3.6 ± 0.6‐fold and 5.1 ± 0.8‐fold higher in L‐cells exposed for 4 hours to normal and high sodium respectively, compared with L‐cells exposed to low sodium. Moreover, gastrin (1 mM), enhanced the high sodium‐induced GLP‐1 secretion by 22% ± 1.9, but had no effect on the low or normal sodium‐induced GLP‐1 secretion. Immunoblot analyses showed that the exposure of L‐cells to normal sodium did not change gastrin expression but exposure to high sodium increased gastrin expression by 1.56 ± 0.2‐fold compared with L‐cells exposed to low sodium concentration. These results indicate that sodium‐induced gastrin and GLP‐1 secretion and expression may play a key role in the regulation of sodium balance and blood pressure.Support or Funding InformationNational Kidney Foundation NKF‐MD‐Mini and US National Institute of Health, R56DK116828, R37HL023081, P01HL074940, R01HL092196, R01DK039308, and R01DK090918.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Stress Response of Salivary Chromogranin A and Non‐Invasive Sympathetic Activity Monitoring by Wavelet Transform Analysis in Hypertensive Subjects
Authors: Yajima Yoshiharu , Mitsubayashi Hiromi 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundStress is one of the risk factor in cardiovascular disease. However, stress induced cardiovascular response is very difficult to estimate because those response are varied in each individuals. A stress marker, salivary chromogranin A, is considered to be a useful tool for patients without any painful stress such as sampling blood test. Furthermore, this method is ease to sampling by any kind of paramedical staffs. We try to estimate the stress induced cardiovascular response both mental stress and physical stress by using salivary chromogranin A.MethodTotal 18 adults (30 to 65 years old), 9 of essential hypertensive patients and 9 of healthy or non‐hypertensive cardiovascular disease patient were recruited in a local clinical hospital as volunteer measured salivary chromogranin A and change in blood pressure and heart rate induced by mental arithmetic stress or handgrip physical stress, using tonometry blood pressure measurement devise and electrocardiogram those data were collected to laptop computer recording and analyze for sympathetic nerve activity index and parasympathetic nerve activity index by wavelet transform analysis software, simultaneously.ResultsAlthough personal stress level were different in each individual, 61% of subjects increase salivary chromogranin A and increase blood pressure and heart rate after mental arithmetic stress.ConclusionSalivary chromogranin A could be useful biomarker for detecting stress sensitive individuals without painful blood sampling, which may be helpful to detect stress sensitivity in clinical patients to prevent cardiovascular events.Support or Funding Informationnone.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Deletion of the 20‐HETE receptor (GPR75) impairs myogenic tone of renal preglomerular arteries
Authors: Morelli Marco Bruno , Gilani Ankit , Agostinucci Kevin , Zhang Frank , Garcia Victor , Schwartzman Michal L. 
Published: June 2021

20‐Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20‐HETE), one of the principal cytochrome P450 (CYP)‐derived eicosanoids, is a potent vasoactive lipid whose vascular effects include stimulation of smooth muscle contractility, migration and proliferation, as well as endothelial cell dysfunction and inflammation. Increased levels of 20‐HETE in experimental animals and in humans are associated with hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction and vascular diseases. We recently identified GPR75, an orphan G‐protein (Gaq/11) coupled receptor (GPCR), as a specific cellular target to which 20‐HETE binds and through which it activates a signaling cascade that culminates in many of the functional outcomes attributed to 20‐HETE in vitro and in vivo (Garcia et al, Circ. Res., 2017). To further establish the role of GPR75 as a 20‐HETE target for its bioactions, global GPR75 knockout (Gpr75−/−) mice were generated. A breeding colony of Gpr75+/−XGpr75+/− has been established and experiments were conducted to assert the genotype and assess whether a basic phenotype exists. Levels GPR75 mRNA were undetectable in brain, liver, heart, aorta and kidney from Gpr75−/− mice. Levels of Gpr75 mRNA in liver, heart and aorta tissues from Gpr75+/− (HET) was lower compared to littermate Gpr75+/+ (WT) mice. The initial phenotypic characterization showed no differences between WT and transgenic mice in body weight or systolic blood pressure (93±4, 89±5 and 88±6 mmHg in male and female WT, Gpr75+/− and Gpr75−/− mice, respectively). There were no significant gender differences in body weight or blood pressure. Since 20‐HETE has been shown to promote vasoconstriction, increase vascular reactivity and contribute to the myogenic response in renal and cerebral microvessels, we assessed whether deficiencies in GPR75 affects myogenic response in preglomerular arterioles (~50–80 μm). The myogenic response was markedly impaired in arteries from Gpr75−/− mice as internal diameter increased in response to increasing pressure and in response to 100 mmHg, internal diameter of arteries from Gpr75−/− and Gpr75+/− mice was 119.5±1.22 and 101.7±3.1 μm, respectively, as compared to 80.3±3.4 μm in arteries from WT (p<0.05). These results, together with our finding that in vascular smooth muscle cells 20‐HETE‐GPR75 pairing leads to inhibition of the BKca channels and increases in intracellular calcium concentration which contribute to vasoconstriction, suggest that deficiency in the expression of GPR75 mediates the impaired myogenic response because 20‐HETE is lacking its cellular target.Support or Funding InformationSupported by NIH grant HL139793 and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Beetroot Juice Supplementation Did Not Change Exercise Capacity and Physical Function and Had Minimal Effects on Blood Pressure of Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Lima Natalia A , Gaspari Arthur Fernandes , Abbott Heather Ann , Finch Alfred Earl 
Published: June 2021

Beetroot juice (BRJ) supplementation has been used as an ergogenic aid to improve exercise capacity and functionality in healthy and clinical populations. Positive effects such as improved blood pressure and blood flow have been demonstrated after the ingestion of BRJ in subjects with peripheral artery diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cancer treatment has detrimental lifelong effects on physical function and exercise capacity of survivors. Whether BRJ is an effective ergogenic aid in breast cancer survivors is unknown.MethodsTwelve female breast cancer survivors (>40 years old) were recruited. All subjects were provided BRJ and placebo (PL) during two testing sessions visits in a randomized, crossover, double blind study design. Exercise capacity was assessed using the 400‐m walk test, while functional capacity was assessed using: timed up and go, five repetitions seat rise to stand, maximal voluntary contraction handgrip strength, rhythmic handgrip test (40% of MVC until fatigue), 6‐m backward walk, and 6‐m forward walk. Peripheral systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were collected pre‐ and post‐ both testing sessions. At the same time measurements arterial stiffness was assessed using applanation tonometry in the radial artery for pulse wave analysis (PWA).ResultsBRJ supplementation showed no significant statistical significance in any of the measured variables.ConclusionThe results suggest that BRJ might not be an effective ergogenic aid for improving functional capacity in breast cancer survivors.

Variables
BRJ
PL
p

Exercise Capacity

400‐m walk (s)
284.7 ± 47.68
279.09 ± 50.95
0.45

Functional Performance

TUG (s)
6.05 (2.96)
6.05 (2.02)
0.07

Repeated chair stands (s)
9.12 ± 1.63
9.39 ± 1.57
0.5

MVC
17.7 (5.68)
16.07 (2.25)
0.81

Rhythmic Handgrip
199 (164)
191 (256)
0.26

6‐m backward walk (s)
14.22 ± 6.52
15.40 ± 5.82
0.35

6‐m fast walk (s)
3.07 (0.97)
3.53 (1.01)
0.94

TUG, timed up and go; MVC, maximal voluntary contraction.

BRJ
PL
ANOVA/Friedman

Pre
Post
Pre
Post
p values

HR
74 ± 14
99 ± 26
74 ± 11
100 ± 22
0.89

SBP
125 ± 14
141 ± 20
121 ± 15
147 ± 20
0.08

DBP
78 (10)
80 (14)
78 (9)
80 (7)
0.49

PWA

SBP
115 ± 13
129 ± 20
113 ± 14
134 ± 18
0.15

DBP
79 (10)
81 (17)
80 (10)
82 (8)
0.35

MP
93 ± 10
100 ± 14
95 ± 11
104 ± 10
0.35

PP
39 (13)
53 (17)*
35 (11)
47 (15)*
0.001

Aix
30 ± 12
33 ± 11
31 ± 11
39 ± 10
0.13

HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MP, mean pressure; PP, pulse pressure; Aix, augmentation index.
p < 0.05

This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Machine learning predictions of depression from time spent in cadence bands
Authors: Forrester Jenna , Thomas Diana , Adams Bryan , Stice Eric , Arigo Danielle , Scioletti Michael , Tudor‐Locke Catrine 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDepression impairs normal human functionality and can cause severe interruptions of normal everyday activities affecting productivity at work and at home. Physical activity is often proposed as an effective treatment for depression, however the relationship between physical activity and depression has not been evaluated with unsupervised machine learning algorithms. Unsupervised machine learning algorithms determine relationships between all variables without requiring user input information on which variables should be explanatory.MethodsThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006 (NHANES) dataset, which includes demographic characteristics, depression scores from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9), and 2‐weeks of accelerometer‐determined step data collected from 4,000 participants. Movement intensity using peak 30‐minute cadence (an index of best natural effort). Total movement volume was retained as steps/day. Linear and logistic regression techniques were employed to predict depression. We also performed a k‐means cluster and principal component analysis to identify those predictors that contributed most to depression variance.ResultsThe linear regression model revealed that an increase of one unit of peak 30‐min cadence predicts a decrease in sum of the depression scores by 0.03 units. Similarly, logistic regression indicated that an increase in peak 30‐min cadence by 20 units predicted a 1.5 times decrease in depression. The k‐means cluster analysis resulted in 4 distinct clusters. In clusters 1,2,3 and 4, 5.0%, 7.9%, 6.0% and 6.5% were categorized as depressed respectively. Cluster 2 represented the most sedentary cluster.ConclusionsMachine learning models combined with rich accelerometer data can be used to rigorously quantify the relationship between step‐defined physical activity and depression. These models can personalize physical activity treatment recommendations f for depression in terms of steps/d and peak 30‐minute cadence.Support or Funding InformationNoneThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Changes in liver perilipin gene expression during an oral lipid load in obese OLETF rats
Authors: Godoy‐Lugo Jose Arquimides 
Published: June 2021

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent liver maladies in the US. NAFLD is associated with obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and diabetes; all traits linked to metabolic syndrome, affecting 20% of the US population. Inappropriate hepatic lipid accumulation is associated with metabolic syndrome. Intracellular lipid storage is regulated by lipid droplets (LDs) that are active components of the cell. LDs have surface proteins of which the most studied belong to the PAT family (Perilipin1–5), which participate in storage and lipid metabolism. To evaluate the effect that a high‐lipid load on the expression and dynamics of hepatic perilipins during early onset T2D, an oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) was performed in 28 wk‐old rats (n=5–6/group): (1) healthy, strain control LETO, and (2) obese, diabetic OLETF. Liver and blood were collected before (T0) and after (T1, T2, T4, and T8 hours) the lipid challenge. An acute increase in serum TG was observed at T2 (p= < 0.0001) and was maintained over the next 6 hours in OLETF whereas in LETO it decreased after the T2 mark. The mRNA expression of Plin2 increased 2.5‐fold in OLETF at T2 compared to LETO, and increased 2.5‐fold at T8 in LETO compared to baseline. Plin3 remained higher (p= 0.0077) in LETO compared to OLETF at T8. Plin4 did not change significantly in response to the lipid challenge between groups. Plin5 increased 1.8‐fold in LETO at T8 compared to baseline. These changes help explain the contributions of LDs to the regulation of hepatic lipids during both normal and diabetic conditions in response to a high lipid challenge similar to the consumption of a high‐fat meal. As Plin2 and 3 have been described as structural LD‐associated proteins, being present mostly in nascent LD, suggesting that a high fat load induces an acute induction of hepatocyte lipid storage. The increase in Plin5 suggests that lipid metabolism pathways are being activated, as Plin5 has been related with mitochondrial FA metabolism. The differential expression patterns of perilipins in response to an acute lipid challenge illustrates the timing of the cellular changes during the development of hepatic steatosis, providing useful insights into future development of treatment by targeting the PAT family of proteins.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by NIH's MHRT program.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Endothelin Receptor‐dependent Responses in Overweight/Obese Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Nathaniel Sangeetha , Kuczmarski Andrew , Pollock David M , Wenner Megan M 
Published: June 2021

Age‐related weight gain is greater in women compared to men, such that postmenopausal women are more likely to be overweight or obese (OW/Ob). Previous studies have demonstrated that OW/Ob older adults have impaired endothelial function in part due to endothelin‐1 mediated vasoconstriction via the ETA receptor. In addition, our laboratory has recently demonstrated an important role for ETB receptors and its contribution to vascular endothelial dysfunction in postmenopausal women.PURPOSEThe purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that ETB and ETA receptors contribute to impaired vasodilatory function in OW/Ob postmenopausal women.METHODSFourteen postmenopausal women have completed the study: 8 normal weight (NW; 57±5 years, 22±2 kg/m2) and 6 OW/Ob (57±8 years, 28±3 kg/m2). We measured vasodilatory responses to local heating of the skin (laser Doppler flowmetry) during microdialysis perfusions of lactated Ringer's (Control), ETB receptor blockade (BQ‐788, 300nM), and ETA receptor blockade (BQ‐123, 500 nM). Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated during the plateau phase of local heating (42°C), and normalized to maximal vasodilation achieved by perfusion of sodium nitroprusside (28mM) and heating to 43°C. A two‐way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni correction was performed to compare the impact of weight on vascular responses to ETA and ETB mediated vasodilation compared to control. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.RESULTSETB receptor blockade increased vasodilation in NW women (Control: 88±4 vs. BQ‐788: 94±4 %CVC max; P=0.03), whereas ETA receptor blockade did not significantly alter vasodilation (BQ‐123: 88±3 %max CVC; P>0.90 vs. Control). In OW/Ob, both ETB and ETA blockade increased vasodilation (Control: 89±4 vs. BQ‐788: 95±4, BQ‐123: 94±5 %max CVC; P<0.05). Furthermore, the vasodilatory response to ETA receptor blockade was greater in OW/Ob compared to NW (P=0.03).CONCLUSIONThese preliminary data suggest that while blockade of ETB receptors improves vasodilatory function in postmenopausal women, there is a larger contribution of ETA receptors impacting endothelial function in OW/Ob postmenopausal women.Support or Funding InformationSupported by: NIH GRANT P20 GM 113125 and AHA 16SDG30700015This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.