bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A two‐stage structural optimization‐based design procedure of structural systems
Authors: Sotiropoulos Stefanos , Lagaros Nikos D. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryIn this work, a combined ground structure topology–sizing optimization‐based methodology is presented, for supporting the design phases of moment‐resisting braced frames (MRBFs) for tall buildings, from the conceptual design phase to the final one. The mathematical problem is formulated as a minimum material volume problem subject to compliance and design check constraints imposed by the serviceability and ultimate limit states of the Eurocode design provisions, while the optimized designs achieved are composed of standardized section properties of the Euronorm. Most of the studies that rely on ground structure topology optimization formulation are limited to truss structures, while compliance is used as the objective to be minimized. Considering structural systems composed of elements that develop both axial and flexural stress, together with topology optimization problem formulation where the material volume is to be minimized, describe the major challenges of this study. The minimum material volume problem initially is dealt with by a frame structural topology optimization (FSTO) approach representing the conceptual design phase followed by a sizing structural design optimization procedure referring to the final design phase. In order to test the efficiency of the methodology, it is implemented for designing the structural system of MRBFs for mid‐ and high‐rise building structures. For the case of the real‐world structural systems examined, a variant of the methodology is used where its second design phase is implemented by means of the optimization computing platform (OCP) integrated with the commercial software ETABS v18.
Parametric system identification of large‐scale structure using decoupled synchronized signals
Authors: Kord Sadeq , Taghikhany Touraj 
Published: December 2021

SummaryLarge‐scale structures are subjected to environmental loads or frequent seismic motion with irremediable effect. These loads have often multidirectional actions on structures, and it couples their responses and leads to multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) problem. The complexity of MIMO model and the relative time‐delays in sensing networks are among major sources of error in dynamic properties identification in large scale structures. This study proposed a parametric‐time domain method to reduce the negative effect of these problems. For this purpose, the contribution of each input in the output signals is determined using QR decomposition and converts a MIMO problem into multiple single‐input multiple‐output (SIMO) ones. In this regard, an Autoregressive Moving Average with eXogenous (ARMAX) model is implemented on decoupled signals for modal identification. Further, for time synchronization of records, a cross‐correlation function has been used to achieve more precise results. The method was employed real strong‐motion response recorded by different sensors at a high rise 64‐story concrete building. Results demonstrate the promising precision of the proposed algorithm for identifying current structural modal properties under real earthquake excitations. Hence, structures can be monitored efficiently along seismic experiences to detect any possible variations in their structural features. The comparison between the output of the proposed method and previous study indicates a considerable improvement on accuracy of the estimated model property particularly on mode shapes.
CircSmg5 stimulates the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by targeting the miR‐194‐5p/Fzd6 axis and beta‐catenin signaling
Authors: Lu Yue , Liu Ya Ke , Wan Fu Yin , Shi Song , Tao Ran 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundOsteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is closely associated with bone diseases. Circular RNAs are reported to be involved in BMSC differentiation. CircSmg5 (circ_0001145) has been identified to be downregulated in an osteoporosis mouse model. In this study, we aimed to explore the function and regulatory mechanism of circSmg5 in BMSC osteogenic differentiation.MethodsThe Alizarin Red staining and alkaline phosphatase staining assays were performed to explore the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The interaction between circ_0001145, miR‐194‐5p, and frizzled class receptor 6 (Fzd6) was analyzed by luciferase reporter assay. The nuclear translocation of β‐catenin was assessed using immunofluorescence staining.ResultsCircSmg5 is in stable circular structure. CircSmg5 expression was elevated in the process of BMSC osteogenic differentiation. CircSmg5 overexpression promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. CircSmg5 bound with miR‐194‐5p, whose expression was decreased in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. MiR‐194‐5p directly targeted the 3'UTR of Fzd6. The mRNA and protein levels of Fzd6 were positively modulated by circSmg5 and negatively regulated by miR‐194‐5p in BMSCs.ConclusionCircSmg5 was demonstrated to promote the BMSC osteogenic differentiation by targeting the miR‐194‐5p/Fzd6 axis to activate the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling.
Unsteady flow of Williamson fluid under the impact of prescribed surface temperature (PST) and prescribed heat flux (PHF) heating conditions over a stretching surface in a porous enclosure
Authors: Chandel Shikha , Sood Shilpa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn unsteady mixed convection flow of Williamson nanofluid over a stretchable surface embedded in a porous medium is scrutinized numerically. Here the porous medium is characterized by Darcy Forchheimer model under the influence of a magnetic field. Heat transfer analysis with two different conditions namely, prescribed surface temperature (PST) and prescribed heat flux (PHF) are taken into account. The evolved mathematical model is numerically solved by utilizing the Keller box method and bvp4c solver in MATLAB. The significance of diverse non‐dimensional physical parameters on the considered flow problem is thoroughly demonstrated and discussed for velocity, temperature and concentration profiles through graphs and tables. From the outcomes, it is stipulated that the velocity of fluid enhances with mixed convection and buoyancy ratio parameter whereas switch pattern is spotted for temperature and concentration distributions in both including conditions.
Modeling approach for nanomaterial convective migration with inclusion of Lorentz force
Authors: Rothan Yahya Ali 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHybrid nanomaterial migration through a permeable container has been simulated in current article with considering buoyancy effect. The inner surface absorbs constant heat flux and horizontal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) is imposed. To employ the role of new fluid, homogeneous approach formulation was applied definition of stream function creates simpler form of equations. CVFEM was incorporated to model the equations. Entropy generations owing to various factors were examined with reporting contour plots. Variations of Be and Nu were reported by using 3D plots. Growing Ra, power of eddy rises and circular wall temperature decreases about 40%. Besides, Nu augments about 129.8% with growth of Ra while Be declines about 70.8%. As permeability augments, Nu enhances by 11.01% but Be decreases about 8.36%. Existence of Lorentz force make the hybrid nanofluid to move with lower velocity and Nu reduces about 24.5% while Be augments with impose of greater magnetic force.
Nonlocalized thermal behavior of rotating micromachined beams under dynamic and thermodynamic loads
Authors: Abouelregal Ahmed E. , Sedighi Hamid M. , Malikan Mohammad , Eremeyev Victor A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRotating micromachined beams are one of the most practical devices with several applications from power generation to aerospace industries. Moreover, recent advances in micromachining technology have led to huge interests in fabricating miniature turbines, gyroscopes and microsensors thanks to their high quality/reliability performances. To this end, this article is organized to examine the axial dynamic reaction of a rotating thermoelastic nanobeam under a constant‐velocity moving load. Using Eringen's nonlocal elasticity in conjunction with Euler–Bernoulli theory and Hamilton's principle, the governing equations are derived. It is assumed that the nanobeam is affected by thermal load and the boundary condition is simply supported. The Laplace transform approach is employed to solve the partial differential equations. A numerical example is presented to analyze the effects of the nonlocal parameter, rotation speed and velocity of the static moving load on the dynamic behavior of the system. The numerical results are graphically illustrated and analyzed to recognize the variations of field variables. Finally, in some special cases, our results are compared to those reported in the literature to demonstrate the reliability of the current model.
Painting Outside the Lines: Transgressing the Managerial University, Avoiding Forced Creativity
Authors: Leitheiser Stephen , Vezzoni Rubén , Hakkarainen Viola 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter aims to put creative methods into the context of wider trends in university institutions. As managerialism—here understood as the application of corporate values and practices into all sectors of society—continues to play a large role in the production and creation of knowledge, we argue that creative methods have the potential to either subvert or reinforce these trends. We see the entrenchment of managerialism as contradictory to the stated aims of the application of creative methods in knowledge production. In an attempt to avoid this, we provide a picture and discuss the institutional framework in which creative methods are deployed to understand and critique the values and practices of managerialism in academia. We point towards the constraints it places on those who wish to take a creative approach. First, we provide an historical accounting of how managerial values have contributed to de-politicization in the wider public sphere, with a particular focus on academia. Second, we outline the fundamental properties of the managerial university, summarized as: (i) accountability, (ii) competition, and (iii) obedience. Third, we sketch out a definition offorced creativityand illustrate two applied cases of how it might look in practice: “artwashing” and “funding tricks”. This section is meant to contribute to defining “truly” creative methods by spelling out what they are not. Finally, we summarize our main points and provide future directions of discussion.
Participative and Decolonial Approaches in Environmental History
Authors: De la Rosa Solano Sofía , Franklin Alex , Owen Luke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter explores the relationship and use of decolonial participative approaches in environmental history. The main argument is that decolonial and participative methods are useful tools to build environmental histories that are more inclusive and communicate better with today’s society. Furthermore, it is argued that using participative and decolonial approaches contribute to environmental awareness and political action, making environmental history a powerful discipline in contributing to a decolonial environmental justice. To explore this argument, we first review how the discipline of history has understood participative methods. We then trace the development of participative approaches to research, and finally, give an overview of how environmental history in Latin America has been enriched from these discussions. The chapter finishes by discussing the usefulness of the concept of “memory” to facilitate this approach in research. We conclude that decoloniality and participation can be powerful allies of environmental history research. Specifically, the decolonial approach helps to read the past through a critical lens that connects specific cases with larger phenomena, such as imperialism and capitalism, highlighting the spaces for change within them. Similarly, participation challenges historical research to go beyond inclusion and place people’s knowledge at the centre of scientific work.
Handedness and midsagittal corpus callosum morphology: a meta-analytic evaluation
Authors: Westerhausen René , Papadatou-Pastou Marietta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFollowing a series of seminal studies in the 1980s, left or mixed hand preference is widely thought to be associated with a larger corpus callosum than right handedness, influencing the interpretation of findings and various theories related to interhemispheric processing, brain lateralisation, and hand preference. Recent reviews, however, find inconsistencies in the literature and cast doubt on the existence of such an association. The present study was conducted to clarify the relationship between hand preference and callosal morphology in a series of meta-analyses. For this purpose, articles were identified via a search in PubMed and Web Of Science databases. Studies reporting findings relating to handedness (assessed as hand preference) and corpus-callosum morphology in healthy participants were considered eligible. On the basis of a total of k = 24 identified studies and databases, random-effects meta-analyses were conducted considering four different group comparisons: (a) dominantly right- (dRH) and left-hand preference (dLH), (b) consistent right (cRH) and non-cRH preference, (c) cRH with mixed-hand preference (MH), and (d) cRH with consistent left-hand hand preference (cLH). For none of these meta-analyses did we find a significant effect of hand preference, and narrow confidence intervals suggest that the existence of population effects larger than 1% explained variance could be excluded. For example, considering the comparison of dRH and dLH (k = 14 studies; 1910 dRH and 646 dLH participants) the mean effect size was Hedge’s g = 0.016 (95% confidence interval: − 0.12 to 0.15; explained variance: < 0.001%). Thus, the common practice of assuming an increase in callosal connectivity based on mixed or left hand preference is likely invalid.
Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Carbon Fiber Reinforcements in the Mechanical Resistance of 3D Printed Specimens
Authors: Calles A. F. , Carou D. , Ferreira R. T. Luiz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the last years, fiber-reinforced polymer composites have been under study for additive manufacturing. For this purpose, it is important to assess the behavior of these materials in terms of mechanical properties. The present experimental study evaluates the mechanical resistance of both PLA and carbon fiber reinforced PLA. The work used a full factorial Design of Experiments (108 tests) selecting as factors the infill density, infill pattern, material, number of perimeters and printing orientation. The main results highlight that the most influential factors on the tensile strength are both type of material and number of perimeters. In this study, the use of reinforcements did not improve the mechanical resistance attained by the corresponding virgin material. Particularly, for some selected specimens, the porosity measured in the fracture section is larger for the reinforced PLA specimens, so they showed a smaller cross-section.
Spruce forest afforestation leading to increased Fe mobilization from soils
Authors: Škerlep Martin , Nehzati Susan , Johansson Ulf , Kleja Dan B. , Persson Per , Kritzberg Emma S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIncreasing exports of Fe and DOC from soils, causing browning of freshwaters, have been reported in recent decades in many regions of the northern hemisphere. Afforestation, and in particular an increase of Norway spruce forest in certain regions, is suggested as a driver behind these trends in water chemistry. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the gradual accumulation of organic soil layers in spruce forests, and subsequent increase in organic acid concentrations and acidity enhances mobilization of Fe. First generation Norway spruce stands of different ages (35, 61, 90 years) and adjacent arable control plots were selected to represent the effects of aging forest. Soil solutions were sampled from suction lysimeters at two depths (below organic soil layer and in mineral soil) during two years, and analyzed for Fe concentration, Fe speciation (XAS analysis), DOC, metals, major anions and cations. Solution Fe concentrations were significantly higher in shallow soils under older spruce stands (by 5- and 6-fold) than in control plots and the youngest forest. Variation in Fe concentration was best explained by variation in DOC concentration and pH. Moreover, Fe in all soil solutions was present as mononuclear Fe(III)-OM complexes, showing that this phase is dominating Fe translocation. Fe speciation in the soil was also analyzed, and found to be dominated by Fe oxides with minor differences between plots. These results confirmed that Fe mobilization, by Fe(III)-OM complexes, was higher from mature spruce stands, which supports that afforestation with spruce may contribute to rising concentrations of Fe in surface waters.
Green entrepreneurship and SME performance: the moderating effect of firm age
Authors: Yin Chenli , Salmador Maria Paz , Li Dan , Lloria M. Begoña 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGreen entrepreneurship has been increasing with growing attention to environment protection by a variety of stakeholders. Green innovation, as the essence of green entrepreneurship, has attracted a broad range of scholarly attention with yet inconclusive findings regarding its effect on firm performance. According to our analyses of 1667 firms listed on SME board and GEM in China during the period from 2010 to 2019, we find interesting results regarding the type of green innovation involved and the moderating effect of firm age on the link between green innovation and SME performance. More precisely, we find green utility-model innovation positively influences firm performance for SMEs, whereas green invention innovation does not contribute to firm performance overall. More interesting, our empirical results suggest that older firms benefit more from both green invention innovation and green utility-model innovation than younger firms. This research contributes to the literature on green entrepreneurship as well as green innovation.
Friction and Wear Behavior of Deep Drawing Tools Using Volatile Lubricants Injected Through Laser-Drilled Micro-Holes
Authors: Reichardt Gerd , Henn Manuel , Reichle Paul , Umlauf Georg , Riedmüller Kim , Weber Rudolf , Barz Jakob , Liewald Mathias , Graf Thomas , Tovar Günter E. M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn deep drawing processes, the use of lubricants is mandatory in order to prevent wear on tools and surface damage to the formed sheet metal components. Here, frequently used lubricants are synthetic and mineral oils, emulsions, and waxes. However, these conventional lubricants have to be applied to the sheet material prior to the forming operation and removed afterwards by cleaning processes. Additionally, the lubricants often contain substances that are harmful to the environment and to human health. To counteract these economic and ecological disadvantages, research is currently being conducted on a novel tribological system. For this, volatile media such as liquid carbon dioxide and gaseous nitrogen are being used, and are introduced directly into the friction zones between the tool and the sheet metal material during deep drawing under high pressure through special laser-drilled micro-holes. This paper covers the latest investigations and findings regarding the design of flow-optimized micro-holes, the laser drilling process, the friction characterization on tool radii, and the tool wear to be expected when using the lubrication medium CO2.
Default options: a powerful behavioral tool to increase COVID-19 contact tracing app acceptance in Latin America?
Authors: Boruchowicz Cynthia , Lopez Boo Florencia , Roseth Benjamin , Tejerina Luis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGiven the rates of transmission of COVID-19, relying only on manual contact tracing might be infeasible to control the epidemic without sustained costly lockdowns or rapid vaccination efforts. In the first study of its kind in Latin America, we find through a phone survey of a nationally representative sample of ten countries that an opt-out regime (automatic installation) increases self-reported intention to accept a contact tracing app with exposure notification by 22 percentage points compared to an opt-in regime (voluntary installation). This effect is triple the size and of opposite sign of the effect found in Europe and the United States, potentially due to lower concerns regarding privacy and lower levels of interpersonal trust. We see that an opt-out regime is more effective in increasing willingness to accept for those who do not trust the government or do not use their smartphones for financial transactions. The local severity of the pandemic does not affect our results, but feeling personally at risk increases intent to accept such apps in general. These results can shed light on the use of default options not only for contact tracing apps but in public health overall in the context of a pandemic in Latin America.
Fifty Years of Motor Unit Number Estimation
Authors: Wright Regan D. , Sivak Allison , Abrahão Agessandro , Jones Kelvin E. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT:The objective was to use bibliometric analysis to create an infographic of motor unit number estimation methods over the past 50 years. The original method was published in 1971, but secondary and tertiary waves of research using alternative methods occurred in the early 2000s and a decade later. A metric of influence was used to determine if different methods had clear peaks of use over the past 50 years. While the original method continues to register influence, the MUNIX method introduced in 2004 stands out as the most influential method to estimate the innervation status of skeletal muscles.
Superior semi-circular canal dehiscence syndrome: quantifying the effectiveness of treatment from the patient's perspective
Authors: Mehta N , Arram E , Rouhani M J , Dimitrov L , Ubhi H K , Khalil S , Saeed S R 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuperior semi-circular canal dehiscence syndrome is a disorder characterised by auditory and vestibular symptoms that can significantly impact quality of life, and yet it has no disease-specific quality of life instrument.MethodThirty-six patients who underwent transmastoid superior semicircular canal resurfacing and plugging were included from an initial cohort of 60 surgically managed patients. A sub-cohort of 19 consecutive patients completed validated symptom and quality of life questionnaires before and after surgery. Of the 36 patients, 31 participated in a telephone semi-structured interview post-operatively.ResultsFollowing surgery, there was a statistically significant improvement in autophony index score (p = 0.02), symptom severity score (p < 0.001) and sound hypersensitivity (p = 0.01). Thematic analysis of telephone interviews suggested three main symptom themes: auditory hypersensitivity, dysequilibrium, headache and concentration difficulties. Dysequilibrium was found to persist post-operatively.ConclusionSurgery improves overall symptoms and quality of life. However, important symptom themes may be overlooked using the outcome measures that are currently available. A unified disease-specific outcome measure is urgently required to better understand the impact of symptoms and measure treatment effects.