bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second wave of COVID-19 pandemic is depressing: is there any hope?
Authors: Govil Gaurav , Tomar Lavindra , Dhawan Pawan 
Published: September 2021

We read the article detailing the impact on the mental health amongst the residents of Assam during COVID-19 lockdown with a lot of anguish and concern. The rise of second wave of COVID-19 pandemic is more unforgiving due to the high infectivity of the double mutant variant. The deadly cost of ignorance has compounded the misery aggravating the mental imbalance.Hope seems elusive during the evolving crisis with highly constrained healthcare infrastructure, resources and high fatality.
Challenges in treating patients with foreign bodies in hypopharynx and esophagus: our experience in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sapna S. Nambiar , S. A. Swathilal , K. P. Sunilkumar , Aravind M. V. Soumya 
Published: September 2021

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Foreign bodies (FBs) of the hypopharynx and esophagus are among the common otolaryngologic emergencies. Every new case poses a clinical challenge with need for optimal treatment strategy. The objective of our study is to highlight a few of the challenges faced while treating these patients.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective study was done on all patients who reported to the ENT casualty, Government Medical College Kozhikode with history or suspicion of foreign body throat from January 2020 to January 2021. A total of 160 patients reported of which 48 (30%) patients required further evaluation with rigid endoscopy and foreign body removal in the operative room. A few challenges like migration of foreign bodies, dilemma in diagnosis with FB mimicking ossified cartilages on X-ray, FB removal in mentally challenged patients and treatment of esophageal perforation post rigid endoscopy are discussed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 48 (30%) patients of the total 160 patients required rigid endoscopy and foreign body removal in the operating room. The foreign body was obtained in 42 (87.5%) patients while 6 (12.5%) patients improved post rigid endoscopy though foreign body was not obtained. One patient with denture in the esophagus developed esophageal perforation requiring prolonged hospital stay.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> A high index of suspicion among patients presenting with dysphagia, neck pain and sudden decrease in food intake is warranted. Early diagnosis with appropriate imaging modalities is essential for confirmation of diagnosis. Dentures are among FBs that necessitate more caution. Esophageal perforation, a rare but life-threatening complication must be diagnosed timely with appropriate surgical intervention.</p>
KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA SELAI KULIT BUAH NAGA (Hylocereus polyrhizus) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI BUAH NANAS (Ananas comosus L.)
Authors: Palupi Pratiwi Jati , Prasetia Retno , Pratama Muh. Doddy , Sriwahyuni Indah 
Published: September 2021

Dragon fruit peels (Hylocereus polyrhizus) are generally only considered trash by the public because they are considered useless, even though dragon fruit peels still contain useful nutrients. Dragon fruit skin can be used as food, one of which is a jam. The addition of pineapple fruit variations to dragon fruit peel jam as a flavor enhancer and natural fragrance to reduce the use of sugar in jam and the aroma of pineapple fruit can mask the distinctive aroma of dragon fruit which is less desirable. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate concentration variations in the manufacture of dragon fruit peel jam with the addition of pineapple, which consumers liked. This study used a completely randomized design with six (6) treatments and two (2) replications. Dragon fruit peel jams analyzed by chemical tests included moisture content, sugar level, and pH, while organoleptic test included color, texture, taste, aroma, and a total of 30 untrained panelists. Observation data were processed using ANOVA (α = 5%) and further tested using the honest significant difference test (BNJ) (α = 5%). The results showed that the pineapple’s addition to dragon fruit peel jam had a very significant effect on the panelists' preference for aroma and taste, but not significantly different from the color, texture, and chemical characteristics of jam. The N6 treatment (dragon fruit peel 250 g: pineapple fruit 250 g) was the best jam, based on chemical characteristics (pH content of 3.52, moisture content of 18.65%, sugar level of 53.30%) and preferable in organoleptic characteristics (2.97 of color, 2.97 of texture, 2.97 of flavor, 3.00 of taste).
Keywords: agricultural waste, dragon fruit peel, jam, pineapple
KARAKTERISTIK KIMIAWI DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura) PADA KETINGGIAN WILAYAH YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Rakhmadevi Ade Galuh , 'Azizah Maria , Handayani Anna Mardiana 
Published: September 2021

Kersen trees (Muntingia calabura L.) are included in the Elaeocarpaceae family and are mostly used as a protective tree. The kersen leaves were an environmental waste (trash) and still lacks implementation in food processing. This study was aimed to determine the chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of kersen leaves at different altitudes and their potential as an herbal tea. The difference in the height of the place to grow will be used as a factor to be studied so that this study uses a completely randomized design with a one factor pattern (height the place of growings). Kersen leaves were taken from three districts, namely Jember (83 amsl/above mean sea level), Situbondo (5 amsl), and Bondowoso (255 amsl). The results showed that the chemical characteristics of kersen leaves consisting of moisture content, ash content, fat content, and carbohydrate content were not significantly different between regions, while protein content and antioxidant activity levels were significantly different between regions.
Keywords: antioxidant activities, kersen leaves
Evolução das bases teóricas e metodológicas para identificação das mudanças, oscilações e pulsações climáticas
Authors: Rubira Felipe Gomes , Perez Filho Archimedes 
Published: September 2021

O desenvolvimento deste artigo surge em razão da distinção conceitual entre três grandes grupos de eventos climáticos baseados na durabilidade e ciclicidade temporal de determinada tendência dos fenômenos atmosféricos: mudanças climáticas, oscilações climáticas e pulsações climáticas. Assim, objetiva evidenciar cronologicamente a evolução de algumas bases teóricas-metodológicas responsáveis pela identificação de episódios paleoclimáticos vinculados aos conceitos estabelecidos. A análise foi conduzida de modo a destacar as primeiras constatações de eventos glaciais e interglaciais (mudanças climáticas), abordando antigas nomenclaturas e técnicas de identificação pautadas em datações relativas. A posteriori são promovidas discussões sobre a revolução dos isótopos cosmogênicos, responsável pelo aperfeiçoamento do reconhecimento das mudanças climáticas e primeiras identificações de oscilações climáticas. Trata-se especificamente dos estudos das razões de isótopos de oxigênio (16O, 18O) em foraminíferos de leitos marinhos, bem como das novas nomenclaturas desenvolvidas. Por fim, são abordadas discussões teóricas que evidenciam subsídios metodológicos das Geociências para identificação de pulsos climáticos de curta duração, ocorridos em escala de tempo recente da natureza a partir de distintos métodos de datação aplicados em inúmeros proxies/registros existentes. Verifica-se aperfeiçoamento da identificação de eventos paleoclimáticos de diferentes durabilidades e ciclicidades temporais, condizente com refinamentos metodológicos impulsionados por avanços tecnológicos inerentes às Ciências da Terra.
Emprego de segmentação multiresolucional no mapeamento digital de formas de relevo
Authors: Bortolini Willian , Da Silveira Claudinei Taborda 
Published: September 2021

As técnicas geomorfométricas, baseadas na análise orientada a objeto e que empregam o algoritmo de segmentação multiresolucional, apresentam potencialidade de aplicação no mapeamento digital do relevo. O artigo teve como objetivo demonstrar a classificação semiautomatizada de padrões de formas de relevo com o emprego de segmentação multiresolucional. Foram calculados de um MDT os parâmetros: declividade, relevo sombreado, índice de posição topográfico, amplitude altimétrica, média da declividade e média do índice de densidade de rupturas de declive, seguido da execução de seis etapas de segmentação e classificação: a primeira classificou as planícies fluviais; as duas próximas classificaram as áreas por nível de dissecação (baixa, média e alta) e as demais classificaram os padrões pertencentes a cada níveis. Os resultados obtidos foram doze padrões de formas de relevo: 1) planícies fluviais, 2) colinas, 3) colinas onduladas, 4) morrotes do tipo I, 5) morrotes do tipo II, 6) morros do tipo I, 7) morros do tipo II, 8) morros declivosos do tipo I, 9) morros declivosos do tipo II, 10) morros declivosos do tipo III, 11) morros elevados do tipo I e 12) morros elevados do tipo II, que apresentaram acerto de 77%, verificados a partir de 155 observações realizadas em campo.
Why do large rivers tend to form multichannel? A field study in the Upper Paraná River
Authors: Stevaux José Cândido , Gon Priscila Panzarini , Leli Isabel Terezinha , Fujita Rafaela Harumi 
Published: September 2021

Anastomosed rivers include a diverse group of fluvial forms with multiple and interconnected alluvial channels. They occur in a wide range of climates and reliefs and constitute the typical pattern of the mega rivers (Qm> 17,000 m3s-1). Several authors have assumed that the development of an anabranching formation is the mechanism by which a channel maintains its maximum efficiency. However, this has only been tested by mathematical studies. In this study, we confirm this theory in a 58-km anabranching reach of the Upper Paraná River, through a hydraulic and bathymetric survey of 14 cross-sections. We conclude that where the slope can'tincrease, the channel reduces its w:d ratio, thereby maintaining its efficiency in the wider sections, according to the specific stream power equation (ω=ρgQs/w). The channel width and alluvial plain width are controlled by allochthonous factors (tectonic lineaments and bank composition). Although the nodal sections have the greatestefficiency, we confirmed that flow efficiency is maintained at a constant level of bedload transport and specific stream power along the anabranching reach.
The mediating role of task-technology fit (TTF) in the effect of knowledge sharing intention on job satisfaction and employee performance
Authors: Tri Kurniawati Desi , Ikhram W M Abdi Dzil , Yuana Pusvita 
Published: September 2021

Public service offices are currently required to provide services effectively and efficiently. Therefore, technology plays a role in helping employees to be able to finish the job. The use of technology makes employees able to achieve high satisfaction and productivity. To be able to take advantage of existing technology, a collaboration between employees is needed through knowledge sharing. This study focuses on the context of the role of task-technology fit in mediating the relationship of knowledge sharing intention to employee satisfaction and performance. This is explanatory research was conducted through a survey of 412 employees of the State Treasury Service Office (KPPN) in the East Java Province. The structural Equation Model (SEM) approach was used and 214 questionnaires were processed with WarpPLS. The results of this study indicate that knowledge sharing, intention affects task-technology fit (TTF) and task-technology fit (TTF) also has a significant effect on employee satisfaction and performance.
Covid-19: ¿Una oportunidad de cambio para el periodismo deportivo? Análisis de la cobertura deportiva de El País, El Mundo y La Vanguardia durante el estado de alarma = COVID-19: An opportunity for change in sports journalism? Analysis of the sports coverage of El País, El Mundo and La Vanguardia during the state of alarm
Authors: Hasbani Kermanchahi Victor , Ramon Xavier , Cortiñas-Rovira Sergi 
Published: September 2021

El periodismo deportivo se ha caracterizado por la uniformidad y la baja diversidad temática, que se traduce en la excesiva focalización en determinados deportes, competiciones y protagonistas con alta capacidad de atracción económica. La crisis del Covid-19 ha ofrecido al periodismo deportivo la oportunidad de reexaminar sus estrategias y articular una agenda distintiva. A través del análisis del contenido de 1,409 piezas y 195 portadas, se examina la cobertura desarrollada por El País, El Mundo y La Vanguardia durante los primeros 65 días del estado de alarma, con el objetivo de determinar si los periódicos aprovecharon la crisis para desarrollar un periodismo deportivo más diverso. La crisis del Covid-19 no modificó las prioridades existentes, sino que intensificó la atención sobre aquellos deportes que ya acumulaban más poder mediático. En un escenario sin competiciones, la atención sobre el fútbol masculino y profesional permaneció intacta. La ‘futbolización’ contrasta con un escaso tratamiento del impacto de la pandemia sobre otras disciplinas minoritarias y el deporte femenino y adaptado. La prensa también fue ajena a varias temáticas, personajes y perspectivas de importancia a nivel mundial. Las disparidades en la agenda conllevan repercusiones sociales, económicas y deportivas de primer orden. AbstractSports journalism has been characterized by uniformity and low thematic diversity, which translates into excessive focus on certain sports, competitions and protagonists with a high capacity for economic attraction. The Covid-19 crisis has offered sports journalism the opportunity to reexamine its strategies and articulate a distinctive agenda. Through content analysis of 1,409 pieces and 195 front pages, the coverage developed by El País, El Mundo and La Vanguardia during the first 65 days of the state of alarm is examined, with the goal of determining whether newspapers took advantage of the crisis to develop a more diverse sports journalism. The Covid-19 crisis did not modify the existing priorities, but rather intensified attention on those sports that already accumulated more media power. In a landscape without competitions, the focus on men's and professional football remained intact. ‘Footballization’ contrasts with a scant treatment of the impact of the pandemic on other minority disciplines and women's and disability sport. The press was also oblivious to various themes protagonists and perspectives of worldwide importance. The disparities on the agenda carry major social, economic and sports repercussions.
Crowdsourcing Task Assignment Mechanism Based on Employer Net Profit and Employee Satisfaction
Authors: Li Juan , Zhang Yu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Crowdsourcing task assignment has become an important task assignment model in the Internet economy era. In this paper, we study the crowdsourcing task assignment problem based on employer net profit and employee satisfaction. First, the reliability and interest of employees are modeled, based on which the mathematical expressions for employer net profit and employee satisfaction are given. Then, a multi-objective optimization problem is formulated to maximize employer net profit and employee satisfaction by jointly optimizing the task assignment matrix and task offer vector. Since the considered problem contains discrete variables, it cannot be solved directly by traditional optimization methods. Therefore, two low-complexity high-performance algorithms are proposed. The first algorithm is based on a fast non-dominated ranking genetic algorithm with an elite, which is able to explore the Pareto bound of the considered problem. The second algorithm is based on a reinforcement learning framework, which is able to maximize the weighted sum of employer net profit and employee satisfaction. Numerical results show that the number of tasks assigned to employees affects both employee satisfaction and employer net profit. The Pareto bounds and Pareto optimal solutions based on the solutions of the two proposed algorithms are also presented numerically, which quantitatively characterize the tradeoff between employer net profit and employee satisfaction.
Hydrothermal Ore Genesis in the Sea of Japan
Authors: Astakhova N.V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
—The Sea of Japan is a tectonically active region with rift-related destruction of the Earth’s crust and numerous volcanic ediﬁces on the seaﬂoor. Since the 1970s, numerous zones with ferromanganese crusts (FMCs) and phosphorite and barite ore occurrences have been discovered during the repeated expeditions of the Paciﬁc Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok. Analysis of the distribution of these ore occurrences showed that all of them are conﬁned to tectonically active zones of the seaﬂoor: submarine volcanoes, tectonic scarps, or fault zones. In some zones, phosphorites occur together with FMCs, and in one zone, together with FMCs and barites. Ferromanganese hydroxides, phosphorites, or barites are found in the pores of basalts composing submarine volcanic ediﬁces in the Sea of Japan. These data indicate that the ore matter in all zones is supplied with postvolcanic gas-hydrothermal fluids or hydrothermal solutions circulating along deep faults during the destruction of the continental crust in the southern and eastern parts of the sea. Thus, ferromanganese, phosphate, and barite ore occurrences in the Sea of Japan are related to low-temperature hydrothermal-sedimentary processes.
Validity Evidence for the Medical Student Core Physical Examination
Authors: Guth Todd , Park Yoon Soo , Hanson Janice , Yudkowsky Rachel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

The Core Physical Exam (CPE) has been proposed as a set of key physical exam (PE) items for teaching and assessing PE skills in medical students, and as the basis of a Core + Cluster curriculum. Beyond the initial development of the CPE and proposal of the CPE and the Core + Cluster curriculum, no additional validity evidence has been presented for use of the CPE to teach or assess PE skills of medical students. As a result, a modified version of the CPE was developed by faculty at the University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM) and implemented in the school’s clinical skills course in the context of an evolving Core + Cluster curriculum.
Methods

Validity evidence for the 25-item University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM) CPE was analyzed using longitudinal assessment data from 366 medical students (Classes of 2019 and 2020), obtained from September 2015 through December 2019. Using Messick's unified validity framework, validity evidence specific to content, response process, internal structure, relationship to other variables, and consequences was gathered.
Results

Content and response process validity evidence included expert content review and rater training. For internal structure, a generalizability study phi coefficient of 0.258 suggests low reliability for a single assessment due to variability in learner performance by occasion and CPE items. Correlations of performance on the UCSOM CPE with other PE assessments were low, ranging from .00-.34. Consequences were explored through determination of a pass-fail cut score. Following a modified Angoff process, clinical skills course directors selected a consensus pass-fail cut score of 80% as a defensible and practical threshold for entry into precepted clinical experiences.
Conclusions

Validity evidence supports the use of the UCSOM CPE as an instructional strategy for teaching PE skills and as a formative assessment of readiness for precepted clinical experiences. The low generalizability coefficient suggests that inferences about PE skills based on the UCSOM CPE alone should be made with caution, and that the UCSOM CPE in isolation should be used primarily as a formative assessment.
Thorough Statistical Analyses of Breast Cancer Co-methylation Patterns
Authors: Sun Shuying , Dammann Jael , Lai Pierce , Tian Christine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers. It is associated with DNA methylation, an epigenetic event with a methyl group added to a cytosine paired with a guanine, i.e., a CG site. The methylation levels of different genes in a genome are correlated in certain ways that affect gene functions. This correlation pattern is known as co-methylation. It is still not clear how different genes co-methylate in the whole genome of breast cancer samples. Previous studies are conducted using relatively small datasets (Illumina 27K data). In this study, we analyze much larger datasets (Illumina 450K data). Results: Our key findings are summarized below. First, normal samples have more highly correlated, or co-methylated, CG pairs than tumor samples. Both tumor and normal have more than 93% of positive co-methylation, but normal samples have significantly more negatively correlated CG sites than tumor samples (6.6% vs. 2.8%). Second, both tumor and normal samples have about 94% of co-methylated CG pairs on different chromosomes, but normal samples have 470 million more CG pairs. Highly co-methylated pairs on the same chromosome tend to be close to each other. Third, a small proportion of CG sites’ co-methylation patterns change dramatically from normal to tumor. The percentage of differentially methylated (DM) sites among them is larger than the overall DM rate. Fourth, certain CG sites are highly correlated with many CG sites; the top 100 of such super-connector CG sites in tumor and normal samples have no overlaps. Fifth, both highly changing sites and super-connector sites’ locations are significantly different from the genome-wide CG sites’ locations. Sixth, chromosome X co-methylation patterns are very different from other chromosomes. Finally, the network analyses of genes associated with several sets of co-methylated CG sites identified above show that tumor and normal samples have different patterns. Conclusions: Our findings will provide researchers with a new understanding of co-methylation patterns in breast cancer. Our ability to thoroughly analyze co-methylation of large datasets will allow researchers to study relationships and associations between different genes in breast cancer.