bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elastodynamic near-field of a finite, propagating tensile fault
Authors: Haskell N. A. , Thomson K. C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Displacement, particle velocity, and acceleration wave forms in the near-field of a finite, propagating tensile fault have been computed by numerical integration of the Green's function integrals for an infinite medium. The displacement discontinuity (dislocation) on the fault plane is assumed to have the form of a unilaterally propagating, finite ramp function in time. Computer generated wave-form plots are presented for a variety of close-in locations with respect to the fault plane and for two different fault lengths.
Precision of different varieties of magnitude
Authors: Howell B. F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The standard deviations of the body-wave magnitude, surface-wave magnitude and frequency-band magnitude of four shallow (H &lt; 60 km) earthquakes are compared. For three out of four of these earthquakes, surface-wave magnitude exhibited lower standard deviations than either body-wave or frequency-band magnitude. In three out of the four cases, lower standard deviations were obtained by calculating surface-wave magnitude from the largest surface-wave amplitude than from time-correlated surface-wave phases.
A borehole tiltmeter for measurements at tidal sensitivity
Authors: Allen Rex V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A tiltmeter suitable for operation at tidal sensitivities in a shallow borehole has been designed. Construction is of stress-relieved aluminum and the design is so simple it can be fabricated in most machine shops. The electronic system is built around available modular circuits, both integrated and hybrid. The meter is sensitive, stable and inexpensive. Representative samples of record presented include a 200-hr period in which the instrument was operated adjacent to a 5-meter baselength liquid-level tiltmeter. Drift during this period amounts to no more than a few parts in 108.
Multiple inner core reflections from a Novaya Zemlya explosion
Authors: Adams R. D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The phases P2KP, P3KP, and P4KP are well recorded from the Novaya Zemlya nuclear explosion of October 14, 1970, with the branch AB at distances of up to 20° beyond the theoretical end point A. This extension is attributed to diffraction around the core-mantle boundary. A slowness dT/dΔ = 4.56±0.02 sec/deg is determined for the AB branch of P4KP, in excellent agreement with recent determinations of the slowness of diffracted P. This slowness implies a velocity of 13.29±0.06 km/sec at the base of the mantle, and confirms recent suggestions of a low-velocity channel above the core-mantle boundary. There is evidence that arrivals recorded before the AB branch of P2KP may lie on two branches, with different slownesses. The ratio of amplitudes of successive orders of multiple inner core reflections gives a lower bound of about 2200 for Q in the outer core.
The effect of an initial hypocentral stress upon the radiation patterns of P and S waves
Authors: Dahlen F. A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The effect of an initial hypocentral deviatoric stress upon the radiation patterns of radiated P and S waves is explicitly described for the case of an infinitesimal, nonpropagating seismic dislocation. A nonzero hypocentral stress deviator produces two small changes in the familiar quadrupole radiation pattern; it gives rise to a small additional explosion-like component, and it acts to skew slightly the quadrupole component relative to the fault plane and auxiliary plane. The latter phenomenon is not of sufficient magnitude to give rise to any serious uncertainties in the interpretation of fault-plane solutions; in fact, both phenomena are so small that they will be exceedingly difficult ever to detect. The recent measurements of P-wave amplitudes on the focal sphere by Randall and Knopoff (1970) cannot be explained by these results.
Homomorphic deconvolution of some teleseismic events
Authors: Ulrych T. J. , Jensen O. G. , Ellis R. M. , Somerville P. G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Homomorphic filtering (Oppenheim et al., 1968), recently applied to seismology by Ulrych (1971), has been used to deconvolve three earthquake and one underground nuclear explosion seismograms recorded at leduc, Alberta. Comparison of actual recordings with seismograms synthesized using deconvolved wavelets together with a crustal response computed from a well-defined crustal model shows striking correlations. This improved wavelet extraction procedure is expected to be an aid in Q, source mechanism, and depth studies as well as crustal deconvolution investigations.
Close-in ground motion from the MILROW and CANNIKIN events
Authors: Perret William R. 
Published: September 2021

abstractMotion of the ground induced by the CANNIKIN and MILROW nuclear explosions beneath Amchitka Island was observed at vertical arrays of subsurface stations in borings offset 90 m from the shot holes and at surface stations at distances ranging from surface zero to about 10 km. Acceleration, particle velocity, and displacement time histories were obtained: vertical components only in the vertical arrays and three orthogonal components at surface stations.MILROW results indicate Rayleigh waves in records from a horizontal range of one-half shot depth and beyond. Analysis showed the initial spall depth near 110 m, with later spallation below 150 m and between 30 and 90 m. Surface data indicate spallation extended laterally to four times shot depth. CANNIKIN data were trucated at about 1.8 sec by power circuit malfunction. Peak motion was recorded at all but the most remote CANNIKIN station before loss of power. Comparison of CANNIKIN data with those from MILROW indicate greater peak motions from the more energetic CANNIKIN explosion, but scaled peak motions from these events are similar.
Tsunami model: Generation and open-sea characteristics
Authors: Hwang Li-San , Butler H. Lee , Divoky David J. 
Published: September 2021

abstractA numerical model of the generation and transoceanic propagation of tsunamis is developed. The model is based on hydrodynamic equations in a spherical coordinate system to account for the spherical nature of the Earth. The model provides a deterministic approach to the description of tsunami waves, and is verified by hindcasting the wave behavior following the Alaskan earthquake of 1964. Results of the computation are compared with field measurements (Wake Island deep-water gage records and results obtained from the numerical model developed previously by Hwang and Divoky, 1970). From these calculations, the excessive damage at Crescent City, California, seems to have resulted in part from the phenomenon of tsunami directionality. Finally, the model is applied to a hypothetical CANNIKIN source (Rat Islands source) and shows that the resulting tsunami energy radiation pattern would be highly directional with the largest wave heights passing through the west-central Pacific.
Peculiarities of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis and Structure Formation of TiB2-Al2O3 and CrB2-Al2O3 Composites
Authors: Mansurov Z.A. , Abdulkarimova D.S. , Odawara O. , Gubarevich A. , Rogachev A.S. , Shkodich N.F. , Kochetov N.N. 
Published: September 2021

Preparation of TiB2-Al2O3 and CrB2-Al2O3 composites with a broad range of phase composition was conducted by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) involving reaction of different types. The formation of fibrous crystals of aluminum oxide with length of about 10-25 microns and with diameter of 200-500 nm at self-propagating high-temperature synthesis in the system 2B2O3-Cr2O3-6A1 was established. Thermite mixtures of Al-TiO2 and Al-TiO2-B2O3 were incorporated with the Ti-B combustion system to produce the composites of TiB2-Al2O3, within which the increase of the thermite mixture for a higher content of Al2O3 decreased the reaction temperature and combustion wave velocity. This implies that the thermite reaction of Al with TiO2 reduces the exothermicity of the overall SHS process. It was found that adoption of B2O3 as one of the thermite reagents improved the product formation effectively. For investigate the combustion wave in 0.75TiO2-0.25Ti-2B-Al system the «quenching» method was used. The XRD analysis shows that the final products containing diborides and aluminium oxide.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF METHODS FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCES IN NASAL SPRAY
Authors: Larskiy M. V. , Pozdnyakova A. E. , Khadzhieva Z. D. , Pozdnyakov D. I. 
Published: September 2021

Intranasal administration of H1-histamine receptor blockers may be a promising approach to the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Earlier, an original composition of a nasal spray containing fexofenadine hydrochloride and ammonium glycyrrhizinate and demonstrating a high level of therapeutic efficacy, was developed.The aim of the study was to develop and validate a method of the quantitative determination of active pharmaceutical ingredients fexofenadine hydrochloride and ammonium glycyrrhizinate in a spray for intranasal administration.Materials and methods. During the development and validation of the method of the fexofenadine hydrochloride and ammonium glycyrrhizinate quantitative determination in a nasal spray, the method of high performance liquid chromatography was used: a Dionex Ultimate 3000 UV chromatograph with a Luna C18 column (2) containing octadecylsilicagel with a 5 μm grain size as a sorbent. The analysis and validation procedures were performed in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, the XIVth edition.Results. The study showed that for the simultaneous quantitative determination of fexofenadine hydrochloride and ammonium glycyrrhizinate, the optimal elution regime is a gradient mode with a mobile phase containing 50 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with methanol (45:55), which ensured the separation of the components in the 20 minutes interval. The validation procedures showed that the developed methodology correspond to all the criteria of validity in terms of the following indicators: correctness, precision, specificity and linearity in the analytical area.Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using the method of high-performance liquid chromatography in a gradient elution mode with a mobile phase of the composition of a 50 mmol/L solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with methanol (45:55) for the simultaneous quantitative determination of active pharmaceutical ingredients – fexofenadine hydrochloride and ammonium glycyrrhizinate as parts of a promising nasal spray for the allergic rhinitis treatment.
STUDY OF THE PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF NOVEL EPOR/CD131 HETERORECEPTOR AGONISTS IN MICE WITH ENDOTHELIAL-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF MUTANT POLG GENE
Authors: Korokin М. В. , Kubekina M. V. , Deykin A. V. , Antsiferov O. V. , Pokrovskii V. M. , Korokina L. V. , Kartashkina N. L. , Soldatova V. A. , Kuzubova E. V. , Radchenko A. I. , Pokrovskii M. V. 
Published: September 2021

The aim of the research was to study antiatherosclerotic and endothelial kinds of a protective activity of peptides mimicking an erythropoietin a-helix B tertiary structure with laboratory codes EP-11-1 (UEHLERALNSS), EP-11-2. (UEQLERALNCS), EP-11-3 (UEQLERALNTS).Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 96 C57Bl/6J male double transgenic Polgmut/mut/Cdh5-CRE mice. Atherosclerosis was induced by a balloon injury accompanied by Western diet. Then, for 27 days, the drugs under study were administered once per 3 days at the dose of 20 μg/kg. On the 28th day, the animals were euthanized and the area of atherosclerotic plaques was collected for an assessment. The expression of genes associated with the processes of inflammation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis was determined in the tissues of the aorta. In addition, the endothelial protective effect of peptides in isolated segments of the thoracic aorta of wild and transgenic ransgenic Polgmut/mut mice was studied.Results. The assessment of the plaque size in the animals with the Polgmut/mut/Cdh5-CRE genotype against the background of the peptides under study did not reveal statistically significant differences in comparison to control. However, a quantitative PCR showed a statistically significant decreased expression of pro-apoptotic factors p-53 and Bax, and also increase the expression of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 against the background of the peptides EP-11-1 and EP-11-2 administration. The administration of EP-11-1 and the original peptide pHBSP resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Compounds EP-11-1, EP-11-2, and EP-11-3 were more effective than the original peptide pHBSP, in reducing the increased expression of genes for inflammatory markers iNos, intercellular adhesion molecules Icam-1, Vcam-1 and E-selectin. The use of EP-11-1 led to a more efficient, in comparison with pHBSP, restoration of endothelial-dependent vasodilation of the aortic segments in mice with endothelial-specific overexpression of the mutant Polg gene.Conclusion. The study carried out on a murine model of the endothelial-specific expression of mutant gamma polymerase has shown that derivatives of the pHBSP peptide with laboratory codes EP-11-1, EP-11-2, EP-11-3, obtained by BLAST-searching for groups of pHBSP related peptides, have atheroprotective and endothelial protective kinds of a protective activity, which is more pronounced in comparison with the original peptide pHBSP.
Spatial Database Designing for Environmental Monitoring and Decision Making in Mitrovica Region, The Republic of Kosovo
Authors: Idrizi Bashkim , Maliqi Edon , Pashova Lyubka 
Published: September 2021

The integration of spatial data analysis methods and thematic map models is an approach to reduce the negative impact of anthropogenic pressure on the environment due to mining and waste generation. The large amounts of industrial waste from mining in the Mitrovica region in northern Kosovo lead to serious environmental problems with organic and inorganic water and soil pollution. This study aims to design and establish a geospatial database for long-term environmental monitoring, provide analytical tools, and support appropriate management decisions by local authorities and agencies. The database contains topographical elements and ecological parameters collected from different national and open access international sources. All collected data have been analyzed, standardized and harmonized within the open-source QGIS ver.3 software. The results showed that in developed datasets were organized in different GIS layers and compiled several thematic maps. The designed database is unique by its architecture, providing an opportunity for periodical monitoring of the environment near the mining areas.
Keywords: Environmental monitoring; Spatial database; Open source software; QGIS; Kosovo.

Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
Study of the kinetic regularities of the grain extrusion process in the production of highly digestible feed with protected protein for cattle
Authors: Afanasiev V. A. , Frolova L. N. , Sizikov K. A. , Ostrikov A. N. , Vasilenko V. N. 
Published: September 2021

The problem of developing of highly digestible compound feeds with protected protein for cattle is due to the specifics of the gastric tract of cows and the peculiarities of protein assimilation. Due to the importance of preliminary moisture-heat treatment of grain for the subsequent course of the extrusion process, it was carried out by steam at a pressure of 0.6 МРа before moistening the feed to a humidity of 17–20% and heating to a temperature of 70–80° C. It is established that heat treatment has a significant effect on the carbohydrate complex of grain: heating it at high temperatures causes the destruction of starch, accompanied by the formation of easily soluble carbohydrates, which has a positive effect on the digestibility of feed. The kinetic regularities of the processes of moisture-heat treatment, grinding and extrusion of grain in the production of highly digestible feed with protected protein for cattle were studied. The degree of dextrinization and the digestibility of starch increased with the heating temperature of corn and its mixtures with wheat up to 100–110° C, when the performance of the extruder was 300–320 kg/h, the digestibility of starch extruded corn and grain mixture is increased to 85 and 68 mg of glucose per 1 g of the product (hereinafter mg/g), respectively. For wheat, this indicator is lower and, accordingly, is 50 mg/g. When heated during the extrusion of corn to a temperature of up to 120–140° C, the digestibility of starch was 100–110 mg/g, and for the grain mixture – 80–83 mg/g. At this temperature, the digestibility of the starch of extruded wheat corresponded to 60–65 mg/g. The optimal moisture content of feed in the process of extrusion for the purpose of forming pellets is 18%. Studies of the extrusion effect on the carbohydrate complex of processed feed have shown that the destruction of starch in the extruded product increases. Thus, the content of soluble carbohydrates increases by 27–32%, and the digestibility of starch increases twice in extruded feed compared to unprocessed.
Spatially resolved transcriptomics reveals gene signatures underlying the vulnerability of human middle temporal gyrus in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chen Shuo , Chang Yuzhou , Li Liangping , Acosta Diana , Morrison Cody , Wang Cankun , Julian Dominic , Hester Mark , Serrano Geidy , Beach Thomas , Ma Qin , Fu Hongjun (Harry) 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Human middle temporal gyrus (MTG) is a vulnerable brain region in early Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this regional vulnerability. Here we use the 10x Visium platform to define the spatial topography of gene expression in the MTG from both early AD and control cases. We identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enriched pathways that may contribute to the layer-specific vulnerability of AD pathology. Also, gene co-expression analyses reveal four gene modules, which significantly change their co-expression patterns in the presence of variations of AD pathology. Furthermore, we validate the changes of key representative DEGs that are associated with AD pathology using single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization. In summary, we provide a rich resource for the spatial transcriptomic profile of the human MTG, which will contribute to our understanding of the complex architecture and AD pathology of this vulnerable brain region.
Intragenerational Social Mobility and Preventive Behaviors regarding COVID-19: A Case Study of the Slum and Non-Slum People in Dhaka City
Authors: Azad Abul Kalam Azad , Mohinee Anika Nowrin Khan Mohinee , Shamme Shamme Akter , Tanvir Md. Tanvir Mahtab , Iqbal PhD Md. Hafiz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The policy design for eliminating health inequality from social mobility perspective has been prioritized in the sociological studies. The World Economic Forum has also developed Global Social Mobility Index taking into account the fixing of social inequality including health inequality. Unfortunately, the policy design and explanation for preventive behavior gap regarding COVID-19 from social mobility perspective has hitherto been an unexplained phenomenon in Bangladeshi context. This study, hence, evaluates the effectiveness of Health Belief Model (HBM) in explaining the preventive behavior gap index (PBGI) regarding COVID-19 in relation to Blau and Duncan’s socioeconomic status (SES) index and explores other extraneous factors. Methods: The study follows explanatory sequential mixed-method approach. In the first phase, the study has conducted pilot test for confirmatory factor analysis. The second phase is also quantitative in nature which follows the perfectly experimental research design. In this regard, the study first used SPSS software (Windows version 25) and then converting into CSV format linked with SmartPLS 3 for developing structural equation model. In the third phase, qualitative data were collected using key informant interview to explore other extraneous factors that can explain the preventive behaviors of slum and non-slum peoples of Bangladesh regarding COVID-19.Results: The high SES index score of non-slum people have positively significant effect on their PBGI regarding COVID-19 mediated through perception gap index (PGI) while the low SES index score of slum people have negatively non-significant effect on the same constructs. Conclusions: The HBM as dysfunctional should be revisited in line with the free provision of protective equipment for understanding the health behavior of those people who live from hands to mouth.
Persistence of antibodies against Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 in health care workers post double dose of BBV-152 and AZD1222 vaccines
Authors: Choudhary Hari Ram , Parai Debaprasad , Dash Girish Chandra , Kshatri Jaya Singh , Mishra Narayan , Choudhary Prasanta Kumar , Pattnaik Dipti , Panigrahi Kumudini , Behera Susmita , Sahoo Nihar Ranjan , Podder Sreeparna , Mishra Adyasha , Raghav Sunil Kumar , Mishra Sanjeeb Kumar , Pradhan Subrat Kumar , Sahoo Subrat Kumar , Pattnaik Matrujyoti , Rout Usha Kiran , Nanda Rashmi Ranjan , Mondal Nityananda , Kanungo Srikanta , Palo Subrata Kumar , Bhattacharya Debdutta , Pati Sanghamitra 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Rationale: Vaccine rollout in India was initiated in mid-January, 2021 and is supposed to be the only antidote against SARS-CoV-2 as of now.Objectives: To study the dynamicity of vaccine-induced IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2.Methodology: The present cross-sectional cohort study was undertaken to determine IgG antibody among health care workers with completed dose of either Covaxin or Covishield and were followed for 24 weeks after first dose of either vaccine to record the periodic changes in titre, concentration, clinical growth and persistence of vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.Results: Serum samples were collected from 614 participants during each follow-up and tested them in two CLIA-based platforms for testing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies both qualitatively and quantitatively. Among these participants, 308 (50.2%) were Covishield recipient and rest 306 (49.8%) took Covaxin. A total of 81 breakthrough cases was recorded among the cohort participants for whom infection post vaccination acted as booster. The rest 533 heath care workers without any history of post-vaccination infection showed significant antibody waning either from T3 (Covaxin recipient) or T4 (Covishield recipient).Conclusion: The clinical implications of waning antibody levels post vaccination are not well understood, and it remains crucial to establish S-antibody thresholds associated with protection against clinical outcomes.