bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic changes of scleral spur length in different accommodation stimuli states
Authors: Chen Liugui , Jin Wei , Hao Xinlei , Li Xuejie , Xing Yiqiao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the scleral spur length (SSL) in response to different accommodation stimuli states, as well as the correlation with Schlemm’s canal (SC) and trabecular meshwork (TM). 74 children were recruited for this study. The 0D, − 4D, and − 8.0 D accommodation stimuli state was achieved by looking at a variable distance optotype. The ciliary muscle (CM), scleral spur (SS), SC, and TM were imaged by swept-source optical coherence tomography. The SSL (Method III) increased significantly from 221.56 ± 30.74 μm at base state to 234.99 ± 30.11 μm at − 4D accommodation stimuli state (p = 0.028) and increased to 250.09 ± 29.87 μm at − 8D accommodation stimuli state (p = 0.011). Method III had the largest areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (0.798, 95% CI 0.721–0.875). Moreover, CM 1, SC, and trabecular meshwork length (TML) were significantly correlated with SSL (Method III) (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the contractile ability and compliance of the SS play an important role in maintaining the morphology of the SC. Moreover, the force of accommodation regulates the SC size by increasing the length of SS.
Low-viscosity matrix suspension culture enables scalable analysis of patient-derived organoids and tumoroids from the large intestine
Authors: Hirokawa Yumiko , Clarke Jordan , Palmieri Michelle , Tan Tao , Mouradov Dmitri , Li Shan , Lin Cong , Li Fuqiang , Luo Huijuan , Wu Kui , Faux Maree , Tan Chin Wee , Lee Margaret , Gard Grace , Gibbs Peter , Burgess Antony W. , Sieber Oliver M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCell embedment into a solid support matrix is considered essential for the culture of intestinal epithelial organoids and tumoroids, but this technique presents challenges that impede scalable culture expansion, experimental manipulation, high-throughput screening and diagnostic applications. We have developed a low-viscosity matrix (LVM) suspension culture method that enables efficient establishment and propagation of organoids and tumoroids from the human large intestine. Organoids and tumoroids cultured in LVM suspension recapitulate the morphological development observed in solid matrices, with tumoroids reflecting the histological features and genetic heterogeneity of primary colorectal cancers. We demonstrate the utility of LVM suspension culture for organoid and tumoroid bioreactor applications and biobanking, as well as tumoroid high-throughput drug sensitivity testing. These methods provide opportunities for the study and use of patient-derived organoids and tumoroids from the large intestine.
Time-dependent, long-term hydrodynamic simulations of the inner protoplanetary disk
Authors: Steiner D. , Gehrig L. , Ratschiner B. , Ragossnig F. , Vorobyov E. I. , Güdel M. , Dorfi E. A. 
Published: September 2021

Aims. We conduct simulations of the inner regions of protoplanetary disks (PPDs) to investigate the effects of protostellar magnetic fields on their long-term evolution. We use an inner boundary model that incorporates the influence of a stellar magnetic field. The position of the inner disk is dependent on the mass accretion rate as well as the magnetic field strength. We use this model to study the response of a magnetically truncated inner disk to an episodic accretion event. Additionally, we vary the protostellar magnetic field strength and investigate the consequences of the magnetic field on the long-term behavior of PPDs.
Methods. We use the fully implicit 1+1D TAPIR code which solves the axisymmetric hydrodynamic equations self-consistently. Our model allows us to investigate disk dynamics close to the star and to conduct long-term evolution simulations simultaneously. We assume a hydrostatic vertical configuration described via an energy equation which accounts for the radiative transport in the vertical direction in the optically thick limit and the equation of state. Moreover, our model includes the radial radiation transport in the stationary diffusion limit and takes protostellar irradiation into account.
Results. We include stellar magnetic torques, the influence of a pressure gradient, and a variable inner disk radius in the TAPIR code to describe the innermost disk region in a more self-consistent manner. We can show that this approach alters the disk dynamics considerably compared to a simplified diffusive evolution equation, especially during outbursts. During a single outburst, the angular velocity deviates significantly from the Keplerian velocity because of the influence of stellar magnetic torques. The disk pressure gradient switches sign several times and the inner disk radius is pushed towards the star, approaching < 1.2 R⋆. Additionally, by varying the stellar magnetic field strength, we can demonstrate several previously unseen effects. The number, duration, and the accreted disk mass of an outburst as well as the disk mass at the end of the disk phase (after several million years) depend on the stellar field strength. Furthermore, we can define a range of stellar magnetic field strengths, in which outbursts are completely suppressed. The robustness of this result is confirmed by varying different disk parameters.
Conclusions. The influences of a prescribed stellar magnetic field, local pressure gradients, and a variable inner disk radius result in a more consistent description of the gas dynamics in the innermost regions of PPDs. Combining magnetic torques acting on the innermost disk regions with the long-term evolution of PPDs yields previously unseen results, whereby the whole disk structure is affected over its entire lifetime. Additionally, we want to emphasize that a combination of our 1+1D model with more sophisticated multi-dimensional codes could improve the understanding of PPDs even further.
GSP-spec line list for the parametrisation of Gaia-RVS stellar spectra
Authors: Contursi G. , de Laverny P. , Recio-Blanco A. , Palicio P. A. 
Published: September 2021

Context. The Gaia mission is a magnitude-limited whole-sky survey that collects an impressive quantity of astrometric, spectro-photometric and spectroscopic data. Among all the on-board instruments, the Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) produces millions of spectra up to a magnitude of GRVS ~ 16. For the brightest RVS targets, stellar atmospheric parameters and individual chemical abundances are automatically estimated by the Generalized Stellar Parametriser – spectroscopy group (GSP-Spec). These data will be published with the third Gaia Data Release.
Aims. Some major ingredients of the determination of these stellar parameters include the atomic and molecular line lists that are adopted to compute reference synthetic spectra, on which the parametrisation methods rely. We aim to build such a specific line list optimised for the analysis of RVS late-type star spectra.
Methods. Starting from the Gaia-ESO line lists, we first compared the observed and synthetic spectra of six well-known reference late-type stars in the wavelength range covered by the RVS instrument. We then improved the quality of the atomic data for the transitions presenting the largest mismatches.
Results. The new line list is found to produce very high-quality synthetic spectra for the tested reference stars and has thus been adopted within GSP-Spec. We note, however, that a couple of atomic line profiles, in particular the calcium infrared triplet lines, still show some deviations compared to the reference spectra, probably because of the adopted line-transfer assumptions (local thermodynamical equilibrium, hydrostatic, and no chromosphere). Future works should focus on such lines and should extend the present work towards OBA and M-type stellar spectra.
Influence of Pregnancy-Related Conditions on Human Epididymis Protein 4 Serum Levels in Comparison to CA 125 – a Prospective Cohort Trial
Authors: Azim Samira Abdel , Mutz-Dehbalaie Irene , Wieser Verena , Berger Astrid , Böttcher Bettina , Fiegl Heidi , Marth Christian , Widschwendter Andreas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroduction HE4 and CA 125, two established biomarkers for assessing adnexal masses in non-pregnant women, are hardly investigated in pregnancy, especially in pregnancy-associated conditions. The aim was to evaluate HE4 and CA 125 levels in the course of pregnancy and to assess the impact of pregnancy disorders, contractions and rupture of membranes on HE4 and CA 125 serum levels in order to use these parameters for evaluation of adnexal masses in pregnancy.Patients and Methods Blood samples (n = 238) of 201 women seen at the Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria, were prospectively obtained during pregnancy and postpartum. Serum concentrations of HE4 and CA 125 were analyzed. ROMA index was calculated by the premenopausal formula.Results HE4 serum levels were highest in the third trimester. Contractions (p < 0.001), rupture of membranes (p = 0.005) and pregnancy-associated diseases (p = 0.003) were associated with higher HE4 levels. As much as 97.5% of HE4 measurements remained below the recommended cut-off for premenopausal women (70 pmol/l). CA 125 levels were not altered by pregnancy-associated conditions. Generally, CA 125 exhibited a wider serum level variability, exceeding the established cut-off of 35 U/ml in 16.4%.Conclusions HE4 serum levels are influenced by several pregnancy-related conditions leading to significantly higher levels in these cases. Despite differing medians according to trimester, the 95th percentile cut-offs and almost all maximum values during the entire course of pregnancy were below the established cut-off for premenopausal women. It was also superior to the performance of ROMA index. Therefore, HE4 can be used as a valuable negative predictive marker for the assessment of adnexal masses during pregnancy.
Pädiatrische epileptische Enzephalopathien mit Manifestation oberhalb des Neugeborenenalters: ein Up-date
Authors: Trollmann Regina , Borggräfe Ingo , Müller-Felber Wolfgang , Brandl Ulrich 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungEntwicklungs-und epileptische Enzephalopathien manifestieren sich überwiegend bereits im Säuglings-und frühen Kleinkindesalter. Mit der neuen ILAE-Klassifikation der Epilepsien konnten epileptische Enzephalopathien sowohl hinsichtlich des elektroklinischen Phänotyps als auch des ätiologischen Spektrums und assoziierter Komorbiditäten genauer definiert werden. Einige elektroklinischer Entitäten wie das West-Syndrom oder das Dravet-Syndrom können auf der Basis ihres Genotyps inzwischen als spezifische Enzephalopathien klassifiziert werden. Das EEG stellt eine wichtige Zusatzdiagnostik in der Abklärung einer epileptischen Enzephalopathie dar. Es hat einen besonderen Stellenwert für die Diagnose von Komplikationen wie z. B. subklinischer Anfälle oder eines Status epilepticus sowie für ein adäquates Therapiemonitoring. Der Betrag fasst anhand ausgewählter pädiatrischer Epilepsiesyndrome aktuelle Aspekte zur Komplexität der pädiatrischen epileptischen Enzephalopathien und den Stellenwert der EEG-Diagnostik zusammen.
Klinische Neurophysiologie auf der pädiatrischen Intensivstation
Authors: Tacke Moritz , Müller-Felber Wolfgang 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungAuf pädiatrischen Intensivstationen kommt es häufig zum Einsatz neurophysiologischer Untersuchungsmethoden. Bei akuten Enzephalopathien oder in Situationen, in denen ein hohes Risiko für epileptische Anfälle besteht, werden verschiedene Varianten des EEGs verwendet. Bei Hinweisen auf neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen sind die Neurographie, die evozierten Potentiale, und die Elektromyographie die entscheidenden diagnostischen Methoden. Im Falle erworbener Hirnschädigungen wie z. B. nach Reanimationsereignissen oder bei Schädel-Hirn-Traumata können sowohl das EEG, als auch die evozierten Potentiale zur Prognoseabschätzung verwendet werden. Die Umstände auf der Intensivstation erschweren bei all diesen Methoden die Durchführung und die Interpretation. Viele Patienten werden mit Medikamenten behandelt, die die Untersuchungsergebnisse beeinflussen (insbesondere Sedativa und Muskelrelaxantien). Elektronische Geräte, z. B. für die Beatmung der Patienten, können zum Auftreten deutlicher Artefakte bei den neurophysiologischen Untersuchungen führen. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die Einsatzbereiche neurophysiologischer Methoden auf pädiatrischen Intensivstationen beschrieben und auf Details bei der Anwendung eingegangen.
Reduction Mammoplasty Approach to Oncoplasty—Zone-Wise Planning in Indian Patients
Authors: Shankhdhar Vinay Kant , Jaiswal Dushyant , Bhansali Chirag , Despande Rupak , Yadav Prabha S. , Mathews Saumya , Mantri Mayur 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction This article is an attempt to formulate certain guidelines for planning of zone-wise reconstruction after breast conservation surgery. The planning involves applying reduction mammoplasty principles with certain modifications to address the defect.
Patients and Methods This is a retrospective study of 61 patients with breast cancer who underwent breast conservation surgery and reconstruction of partial breast defects with oncoplastic techniques between January 2014 to March 2019. Patients having low tumor to breast ratio and thus good candidates for volume displacement techniques were included in the study.
Results A total of 61 breast cancer cases were included; 22 cases were located in zone 1, nine in zone 2, seven in zone 3, three in zone 4, four in zone 5, one in zone 6, 12 in zone 7, two in zone 8, and three in zone 9. The most common pedicle design used was superomedial in 38 cases, followed by inferior in 19 and medial in 6 cases. Vertical short scar technique was used in 33 cases and Wise pattern skin incision in 30 cases. Follow-up period ranged from 4 months to 65 months, with a mean of 31 months. Four patients had partial skin necrosis, three had suture line dehiscence, two had wound infection, one had seroma, and eight patients had fat necrosis. All patients were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome.
Conclusion Breast oncoplastic techniques are effective, reliable, oncologically safe, and conducted with minimal complications in patients with moderately large ptotic breasts, thereby making planning easier and more reproducible by following the reconstruction procedures described in the article. We believe that these techniques should be incorporated in the armamentarium of every plastic surgeon to manage the defects created after breast conservation surgery, in order to achieve the best cosmetic outcomes.
An overview of the localisation of video games into Arabic
Authors: Goaid Alotaibi Abdullah , Tuhaitah Zafer 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith the emergence of video game localisation studies in the last decade, scholarly interest in translation studies in this young discipline has increased. Although globalisation has encouraged video game companies to offer their products in as many languages and markets as feasible, this academic discipline is still an under-researched area, especially in the Arab context. This article presents an overview to engender a better understanding of the nature of video games and their localisation in the Arab market. This market is distinct due to its culture, politics and language. In addition to the translational challenges related to the Arabic language, this study deals with the specificities of video game localisation from political, cultural and linguistic perspectives. This research offers a historical overview of the localisation of video games into Arabic since the inception of the practice, including an outline of the main localisation milestones in this field.
Comparison of the Josephson voltage standards of the MIKES and the BIPM
Authors: Solve Stephane , Chayramy Regis , Immonen Pekkra , Nissilä Jaani , Stock Michael , Manninen Antti 
Published: September 2021

Main text
As part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K10.b, a direct comparison of the Josephson array voltage standards of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) and the National Metrology Institute of Finland (VTT MIKES), Espoo, Finland, was carried out in October 2019 at the level of 10 V. For this exercise, the option A of the BIPM.EM-K10.b comparison protocol was partially applied. Option A required the MIKES to provide a reference voltage with its Josephson voltage standard for measurement by the BIPM using an analogue nanovoltmeter and associated measurement cables. Since no sufficiently stable voltage could be achieved in this configuration, a digital detector was used instead. In all cases the BIPM array was kept floating from ground.
The final results were in good agreement within the combined relative standard uncertainty of 2.5 parts in 1010 for the nominal voltage of 10 V.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Efficient flexible characterization of quantum processors with nested error models
Authors: Nielsen Erik , Rudinger Kenneth , Proctor Timothy , Young Kevin , Blume-Kohout Robin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present a simple and powerful technique for finding a good error model for a quantum processor. The technique iteratively tests a nested sequence of models against data obtained from the processor, and keeps track of the best-fit model and its wildcard error (a metric of the amount of unmodeled error) at each step. Each best-fit model, along with a quantification of its unmodeled error, constitutes a characterization of the processor. We explain how quantum processor models can be compared with experimental data and to each other. We demonstrate the technique by using it to characterize a simulated noisy two-qubit processor.
Influence of elongation and triangularity on plasma response to resonant magnetic perturbations
Authors: Yang Xu , Liu Yueqiang , Xu Wei , He Yuling , Lu Shuangshuang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Systematic toroidal modeling of the plasma response to the n = 1–4 (n is the toroidal mode number) resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) field is carried out in order to understand the plasma-shaping effect on controlling the type-I edge-localized modes (ELMs) in tokamak experiments. Considered are large variations of the plasma elongation and triangularity at a fixed edge safety factor q
a, for limiter plasmas with both single-null (SN) and double-null (DN) divertor-like boundary shapes. Numerical results assuming conformal 3D RMP coils show that (i) the optimum coil phasing between the upper and lower rows for ELM control becomes increasingly sensitive to the plasma elongation with higher-n toroidal spectra, (ii) the optimum coil phasing is however essentially independent of the plasma triangularity for all n = 1–4 RMP fields, (iii) with the same coil current and the optimum coil phasing, high elongation generally favors ELM control but it may be more challenging for plasmas with intermediate elongation and with lower-n (n = 1–2) RMPs, and (iv) higher triangularity is generally always better for ELM control with all n = 1–4 fields for both DN and SN divertor-like plasma boundary shapes.
Computational ghost imaging with the sweeping algorithm
Authors: Adam I A , Gellert M E , Chernykh A V , Nasedkin B A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The idea of ghost imaging was firstly presented more than 25 years ago and since then many techniques have been proposed to improve image quality and simplify optical scheme. Nevertheless, the image reconstruction speed has always remained a serious problem to wide practical implementations. As a solution, a sweeping algorithm was proposed, which allowed to reduce the number of iterations to image resolution. However, this method has some serious limitations on objects shape. In this article we present a new technique, which combine a sweeping algorithm using alternating rows/columns and traditional pseudothermal ghost imaging using speckle structures.
Dynamics of field observables in quantum channels
Authors: Medvedeva S , Gaidash A , Kozubov A , Miroshnichenko G 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We consider the time evolution of the mean values of the quadrature operators’ observables and the dynamics of the mean photon number variance for an arbitrary quantum state in a single mode transmitted through an optical fiber channel. Utilizing the density matrix formalism and the quantum optics theory we derive expressions for the dynamics of mentioned field observables for such prominent quantum states as squeezed vacuum state, squeezed coherent state and superposition of coherent states.
Generation of frequency harmonics for QKD systems at subcarrier waves
Authors: Gerasimenko N D , Gerasimenko V S , Petrov V M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper demonstrates the efficiency of using optical feedback without amplifiers to generate subcarrier waves in the microwave phase modulator output spectrum for quantum communications. It is proposed ideas for expanding the functionality of quantum communication systems and communication systems using DWDM standarts.
Population density gratings creation and control in resonant medium by half-cycle terahertz pulses
Authors: Arkhipov R M , Arkhipov M V , Pakhomov A V , Babushkin I , Demircan A , Morgner U , Rosanov N N 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Electromagnetically induced gratings (EIG) are created by standing-wave laser field in resonant media. Such gratings can be also created by few-cycle electromagnetic pulses counter-propagating in the medium via coherent Rabi oscillations of atomic inversion. In this case, instantaneous cross-section of the pulses in the medium is not necessary for grating formation. In this paper, we revise our recent results in study of such grating formation and their control by few-cycle pulses coherently propagating in a resonant medium. We demonstrate the grating formation and their control in three-level medium excited by three subcycle THz pulses.
Assessment of diatom growth using fluorescence imaging
Authors: Cvjetinovic J , Nozdriukhin D V , Bedoshvili Y D , Salimon A I , Korsunsky A M , Gorin D A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Monitoring the growth of diatom microalgae requires sensitive, fast, and easy-to-use methods for selecting the most productive strains for further research and application. Here we propose a novel, rapid and non-destructive approach for monitoring the viability and growth of diatom colonies using the IVIS fluorescence imaging system. The fast-growing Achnanthidium sibiricum diatoms were cultivated in favorable laboratory conditions in a specially designed bioincubator for 100 days. The results showed that the diatoms reached the end of the exponential growth phase after 56 days of culture, after which there was a slight decrease in fluorescence intensity. This method relies on using chlorophyll a fluorescence without any sample preparation and has proved to be successful for monitoring algae growth in an incubator during long-term batch cultivation. This result paves the way towards controlled diatom cultivation aimed at collecting diatom-derived bioactive compounds for various purposes.