bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Study on Binary Monolayers P3S‐I for Photocatalytic Overall Water Plitting
Authors: Shao Li , Li Xuan , Men Cairui , Yang Yanli , He Yuantao , Huo Haibo , Li Yan , Du Yinxiao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe utilization of visible light to split water into H₂ and O₂ offers a promising solution to address the escalating global energy crisis and environmental pollution. Compared to conventional three‐dimensional (3D) photocatalysts, anisotropic two‐dimensional (2D) materials exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity due to their ultrahigh surface area, reduced charge migration distance, and improved efficiency. In this study, we employ a swarm‐intelligence search combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to propose a novel series of stable 2D phosphorus sulfides, PxSy (x, y=1–6), as promising candidates for photocatalytic water splitting. The P3S−I monolayer exhibits an optimal bandgap (2.485 eV), appropriate band edge positions (−3.52 eV for CBM and −6.00 eV for VBM at the HSE06 level), high carrier mobility (3246.85 cm2 V−1 s−1 for μe along the y‐direction and 1039.80 cm2 V−1 s−1 for μh along the x‐direction), and strong optical absorption coefficients (exceeding 1×10⁵ cm−1 within the visible spectrum). Notably, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are facilitated concurrently at the P and S sites, respectively, driven exclusively by photogenerated electrons and holes. The P3S−I monolayer achieves a high photocatalytic water‐splitting efficiency of 17.7 % in both acidic and neutral environments. These findings provide theoretical insights into the design of efficient 2D materials for visible‐light‐driven overall water splitting.
Visualization of Ferroptosis‐Induced Lipid Peroxidation Using Plasma Membrane‐Specific Fluorescent Probe LipoxPM
Authors: Iwashita Hidefumi , Tokunaga Rina , Shioji Kosei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) play essential roles in cellular processes, but aberrant generation of ROS can damage lipids, proteins, and DNA leading to pathological events such as aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are especially susceptible to such oxidative stress. This ROS‐induced lipid peroxidation is a key process of ferroptosis, an iron‐dependent, non‐apoptotic form of cell death. Although lipid peroxidation is an essential event in ferroptosis, current study tools for detecting the oxidation process lack specificity toward a particular membrane type such as plasma membrane. In this study, we present LipoxPM, a novel fluorescent probe that targets lipid peroxidation specifically in plasma membrane over other cellular membranes. LipoxPM features a BODIPY‐based fluorophore and an anionic sulfonate group, enhancing selective accumulation in the plasma membrane. LipoxPM was able to detect ferroptosis‐related lipid peroxidation in live cells, visualizing the spatial distribution of lipid peroxidation in the cell death processes. This probe would enable study of unknown mechanisms of ferroptosis and could potentially facilitate development of therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress‐related diseases.
Homochiral Carboxylate‐Anchored Truxene Tripods: Design, Synthesis, and Monolayer Formation on Ag(111)
Authors: Ishiwari Fumitaka , Omine Takuya , Saeki Akinori , Munro Kirsty , Buck Manfred , Zharnikov Michael 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe design of well‐defined assemblies of chiral molecules is a prerequisite for numerous applications, such as chirality‐induced spin selectivity (CISS). In this context, tripodal molecular films bear the advantage of better control of molecular orientation and alignment than analogous monopodal systems. To this end, we report on the synthesis and assembly property of C3 chiral syn‐5,10,15‐truxene triacetic acid. (S,S,S) and (R,R,R) enantiomers were isolated and adsorbed on underpotential deposited Ag(111)/Au/mica both individually and as a racemate. The enantiomers form a densely packed and well‐ordered structure (including the azimuthal alignment), even though with small sizes of individual domains. The molecules adsorb predominantly in tripodal configuration, with all three docking groups bound to the substrate as carboxylates in a bidentate fashion. The truxene backbone is then oriented parallel to the substrate surface but the fluorene blades are twisted to some extent. The racemate monolayer turned out to be less densely packed and less well‐ordered compared to the films of individual enantiomers, which underlines the fact that uniform chirality is primarily important for molecular ordering of the truxenes. We hope that the designed system will be useful in the context of CISS and stimulate further activities regarding chiral tripods.
Global change and China's terrestrial carbon sink: A quantitative review of 30 years' ecosystem manipulative experiments
Authors: Song Jian , Wan Shiqiang , Piao Shilong , Xia Jianyang , Ning Yan , Zheng Mengmei , Hui Dafeng , Ru Jingyi , Han Juanjuan , Feng Jiayin , Wang Haidao , Qiu Xueli 
Published: February 2025

AbstractQuantifying terrestrial carbon (C) sequestration potential is crucial for climate change mitigation and achieving C neutrality. Ecosystem manipulative experiments (EMEs) provide valuable in situ assessments of terrestrial C dynamics under global change. Although EMEs have expanded rapidly in China, their current state and role in elucidating spatial drivers of the country's terrestrial C sink and responses to major global change factors remain underexplored. This study systematically reviewed 1140 publications on Chinese EMEs, compiling a dataset of net primary productivity (NPP) and net ecosystem productivity (NEP). We identified 558 EMEs in China since 1991, marked by two phases: (1) a preliminary stage (1991–2004) and (2) exponential growth (2005–present). Most EMEs focused on grasslands, with limited emphasis on CO2 enrichment and studies in Northwest China. Our findings revealed that China's terrestrial ecosystems serve as a significant C sink (positive NEP), with sink strength positively associated with temperature, soil clay, silt, and nitrogen (N) contents, and negatively with soil sand content and bulk density. Optimal conditions for NPP and NEP were observed at precipitation levels of 850–1176 mm and soil pH between 6.5 and 7.0. Elevated CO2 levels stimulated NPP and NEP when combined with N addition, particularly organic N, and effects varied with temperature and soil texture (clay, silt, and sand contents). Warming impacts differed by ecosystem and facility type, reducing NPP in wetlands and NEP in open‐top chambers. Combined warming with water or N addition generally increased NPP and NEP, while coupling it with reduced precipitation caused declines. Warming above 1.5°C often had adverse impacts. Both NPP and NEP responded nonlinearly to precipitation, exhibiting negative asymmetry in their responses to anomalies. Nitrogen addition consistently stimulated NPP and NEP, with responses influenced by application rates, frequency, duration, and soil texture and pH. Additive effects of combined global change factors on NPP and NEP were common. To improve our understanding of terrestrial C feedbacks to anthropogenic changes, future research should focus on long‐term, multifactor studies in mature forests and wetlands, aiding in the pursuit of net‐zero targets.
Improved Chemistry of myo‐Inositol: a New Synthetic Strategy to Protected 1‐Keto‐ and 1,2‐Keto‐derivatives
Authors: Gelmi Maria Luisa , Anastasi Francesco , Bucci Raffaella , Contini Alessandro , Nava Donatella , Fontana Gabriele , Usubelli Fabio , Zhou Meng 
Published: February 2025

A refresh and improvement of the well‐known myo‐inositol chemistry is reported here, setting up a new synthetic protocol to obtain orthogonally protected compounds, with a special focus on the preparation of 2‐O‐alkylated compounds. A gram scale synthesis of the 2‐allyl compound was performed and optimized in terms of yield. This intermediate is the precursor of chiro‐1‐inosose, for which synthetic procedures are lacking. Taking advantage of the easily handled allyl group, we were able to transform this keto compound into both the 1,2‐diketone and 3‐deoxy‐1,2‐diketone, intermediates of biological transformations used in several patented applications. Finally, to access poly‐hydroxylated‐(aminomethyl)cyclohexane compounds, the reaction of the keto compound with cyanide was optimized, affording cyanohydrins obtained as single stereoisomer, the precursor of the above compound.
Spike detection in the wild: Screening of suspected temporal lobe epilepsy cases using a tailored 2‐channel wearable EEG
Authors: Borges Daniel Filipe , Soares Joana Isabel , Dias Daniela , Cordeiro Helena , Leal Alberto 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo clinically validate the contribution of a custom‐built EEG wearable device (waEEG) compared to a full 10–20 electrode array ambulatory EEG (aEEG) for screening epilepsy cases in patients with suspected temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) but negative routine EEGs.MethodsPatients (aged 16–91 years) with clinically suspected TLE who were referred for a 24 h aEEG were fitted with an additional 2‐channel bipolar waEEG device and prospectively enrolled in the study until 20 TLE diagnoses were confirmed by aEEG. 41 patients were included and their waEEG was blindly reviewed by two experienced clinical neurophysiologists and a semi‐automated spike detection software to categorize patients into TLE (spikes present) and non‐TLE (no spikes) groups.ResultsThe experts achieved good sensitivity (95%–100%) and accuracy (98%–93%) with excellent interrater agreement (kappa>0.80) in patient labelling. The semi‐automated software performed poorly (40% sensitivity, 68% accuracy) and failed to classify TLE in more than half the cases. Classification was not affected by restricting spike detection to the evening and night time, which reduced the average length of the analyzed EEG from 23.4 to 10.4 h. Three false‐positive spike detections were thoroughly analyzed and reclassified as artifacts due to eye and body movements and electrocardiographic contamination. To better control cardiac artifacts, the addition of an ECG channel to the waEEG is recommended.SignificanceDetection of spikes with waEEG allows accurate detection of epilepsy in suspected TLE cases, with less technical and professional effort and improved acceptance. This screening tool could improve the yield of follow‐up with a conventional aEEG and provide an accessible method for monitoring interictal epileptiform activity in TLE.Plain Language SummaryEpilepsy is a chronic short circuit in the brain. In adults, it most often affects the temporal lobes, resulting in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Seizures are infrequent but difficult to treat. Electroencephalography (EEG) is the best method to detect the electrical disturbances and is crucial to distinguish epilepsy from other non‐epileptic disorders. Developing simple, inexpensive and easily accessible portable EEG methods that complement in‐hospital assessment could significantly impact patient care. Our study aims to clinically validate a wearable epilepsy screening device to aid in TLE management, reduce delays in diagnosis and enable straightforward assessment of epileptic activity.
Assessing US and Global Economic Policy Uncertainty Effects on Non‐Performing Loans in MENA's Islamic and Conventional Banks
Authors: Aledeimat Shadi Ratib Mohammad , Bein Murad Abdurahman 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBanks within the MENA regions serve as pivotal agents in fostering economic growth through extensive lending to businesses, individuals and corporations, thereby amplifying employment within the banking sector. A pressing concern affecting these banks is the proliferation of NPLs, which not only diminishes net earnings but also escalates credit risks. This study examined the impact of US monetary certainty and global economic policy uncertainty on NPLs within MENA, involving both conventional and Islamic banks. The study selected 92 banks from 13 countries across the MENA region, spanning an 18‐year dataset from 2005 to 2022, comprising 50 conventional and 42 Islamic institutions. Utilising GMM estimation to surmount endogeneity and auto‐serial correlation. The study discerned that US monetary policy uncertainty exerted a significant negative influence on NPLs across MENA, encompassing both conventional and Islamic banks. Moreover, the research highlighted a positive and significant relationship between global economic policy uncertainty, bank size and capital adequacy ratio with NPLs in MENA banks. These findings provide comprehensive insights for banks in the MENA region, informing their loan‐granting strategies amidst uncertainty, ultimately mitigating the incidence of NPLs.
Theoretical Insights Into Structures and U–C Bonding in the Uranium Benzyl Derivatives
Authors: Liu Rui‐Ying , Wu Qun‐Yan , Wang Cong‐Zhi , Lan Jian‐Hui , Li Cheng‐Peng , Shi Wei‐Qun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe uranium benzyl derivatives are a class of uranium carbon complex with saturated carbon atom coordination. We investigated the electronic structures of the tetravalent uranium benzyl (Bn) complex U(CH2Ph)4 and its derivatives U(2‐CH2(NC5H4))4, U(o‐OMeBn)4, U(m‐OMeBn)4, and the bonding nature between the uranium atom and methylene carbon atom (U–Cme) using scalar‐relativistic quantum chemical calculations. The structures of the four uranium benzyl derivatives identify that the electronic structures are not sensitive to meta‐OMe substitution, while they are significantly sensitive to the ortho‐OMe and pyridine due to the coordination of O and N to the uranium atom. The U–Cme bonds have highly polarized σ‐bonding with partial covalency, which are predominantly composed of U 6d and 5f orbitals. Moreover, U 6d orbitals are favored for the U–Cme bonds compared with U 5f orbitals. Furthermore, there are no additional π interactions in the U(o‐OMeBn)4 and the corresponding U–Cme bonds appear the strongest covalent character among the four U(IV) system. The energy decomposition analysis suggests that the electrostatic interaction plays a dominant role between uranium and ligands. Finally, the complexes U(2‐CH2(NC5H4))4 and U(o‐OMeBn)4 are the most thermodynamically accessible among the four complexes based on the binding energies. This study improves our understanding of tetravalent uranium benzyl derivatives bearing uranium‐saturated carbon bondings.
Role of Metabolic Sensor GPR81/HCAR1 in Diabetic Podocytes: Downregulated Lipolysis Results in the Deterioration of Glomerular Filtration Barrier
Authors: Grochowalska Klaudia , Szrejder Maria , Rachubik Patrycja , Audzeyenka Irena , Rogacka Dorota , Narajczyk Magdalena , Piwkowska Agnieszka 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe effacement of podocyte foot processes, which form slit diaphragms, are common features of proteinuria. Exploring podocyte energy metabolism, especially under diabetic conditions, may offer insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Lipid accumulation is recognized as a cause of podocyte cytoskeleton remodeling and insulin resistance. Thus, the role of the metabolic sensor G‐protein‐coupled receptor 81 (GPR81) was examined in the molecular pathway of lipid accumulation in podocytes under hyperglycemic conditions. It was discovered that hyperglycemia downregulated the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A signaling pathway, which downregulated the expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Perilipin 1 was also downregulated; simultaneously, lipid droplet accumulation was enhanced. Glycerol and free fatty acid concentrations were also reduced, providing evidence of lipolysis inhibition. Interestingly, the expression of GPR81 decreased under hyperglycemia conditions despite the evidence of its activation, indicating strict lipolysis regulation. More importantly, cell functions were altered, reflected by an increase in albumin permeability and rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. The effect of ATGL activity inhibition on lipolysis, actin cytoskeleton arrangement, and permeability of the podocyte monolayer was investigated. The results were similar to GPR81 downregulation. Altogether, the present data indicate that GPR81 is likely a crucial part of the lipid sensing system, and its alterations during hyperglycemia might contribute to glomerular filtration barrier deterioration in diabetic kidney disease.
Time‐multiplexing method using dual ferroelectric liquid crystal shutters for light field 3D display
Authors: Sun Zhi‐Bo , Yuan Zheng‐Nan , Huo Yi‐Peng , Cheng Yue‐Chu , Cheung Alex Yuk Lung , Vashchenko Valerii , Vashchenko Olena , Srivastava Abhishek , Kwok Hoi‐Sing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUltrafast liquid crystal light valves are extensively utilized in high‐refresh‐rate displays and light beam control and shaping applications. Ferroelectric liquid crystals, characterized by their ability to achieve microsecon response times when driven by a 5 V voltage, are particularly well‐suited for array‐type liquid crystal light valves, such as display screens or adjustable liquid crystal gratings. This study employs optimized ferroelectric liquid crystal materials that exhibit high contrast (~1,000:1), ultra‐fast response times (<20 μs), and polarity‐dependent binary switching at low operating voltages (5 V) to develop an array liquid crystal light valve suitable for time‐sequential light field 3D displays. Combined with high frame rate display screen, a naked eye 3D display without resolution loss can be achieved. The challenges associated with the independent control of ferroelectric liquid crystals during array light valve operation were analyzed and resolved, resulting in an array‐type ultrafast ferroelectric liquid crystal light valve compatible with conventional liquid crystal driving schemes.
Can Oral Swabs Be Used to Diagnose Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Cervicofacial Lymphadenitis?
Authors: Willemse Samuel H. , Karssemakers Luc H. E. , Oomens Marjolijn A. E. M. , Schreuder Willem H. , Ho Jean‐Pierre T. F. , Kolader Marion , van Houdt Robin , van der Kuip Martijn , Buijsers Gina R. , de Lange Jan , Lindeboom Jerome A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe investigated the presence of mycobacteria in the oral cavity and oropharynx of children with nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) cervicofacial lymphadenitis compared to negative controls. Our aim was to evaluate whether oral cavity and oropharyngeal swab sampling could serve as a minimally invasive alternative to diagnostic sampling of excised lymph node tissue or punctate.MethodsChildren who underwent surgery under general anesthesia due to a strong clinical suspicion of NTM cervicofacial lymphadenitis were enrolled in this multicenter cross‐sectional study. The control group comprised children undergoing surgery under general anesthesia for reasons other than lymphadenopathy. The obtained oropharyngeal, dorsal tongue, and gingival swabs were subjected to mycobacterial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.ResultsA total of 67 subjects were enrolled in this study, 31 of whom underwent surgery due to strong clinical suspicion of NTM cervicofacial lymphadenitis. Positive genus and Mycobacterium avium specific PCR results were found in one patient from the control group, and in none of the patients with (suspected) NTM cervicofacial lymphadenitis.ConclusionOur in‐house routine diagnostic PCR assay on oral and oropharyngeal swabs was not suitable as a minimally invasive alternative to diagnostic sampling of excised lymph node material or punctate. It remains unclear whether the oral cavity and oropharynx might be a portal of entry for mycobacteria in NTM cervicofacial lymphadenitis.Level of Evidence2.
Ultrasound‐On‐Chip With Semiconductor Silicon Chip Array for Transcutaneous Salivary Gland Injections: A Pilot Cadaver Study
Authors: Goldrich David Y. , Patel Shivam , Sciscent Bao Y. , Eberly Hanel W. , Goyal Neerav 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveUltrasound (US) is a well‐established imaging modality for the evaluation of head and neck anatomy. The Butterfly iQ is a handheld ultrasound device that uses a semiconductor silicon chip array (capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers, CMUT) instead of piezoelectric crystals used by traditional ultrasounds (TUS), but its accuracy has not been investigated with respect to salivary gland imaging and associated transcutaneous procedures. We aimed to perform a pilot cadaver study to determine the utility and fidelity of the CMUT‐US for parotid and submandibular gland imaging and guiding transcutaneous gland injection.MethodsOne otolaryngologist injected 0.5 mL of dye into three distinct salivary gland sites (two intraparotid sites and one submandibular gland site) bilaterally on 20 cadavers (n = 120 glands), using either CMUT‐US or TUS to guide injection. The cadavers were dissected to identify whether the dye was accurately injected into each site.ResultsThe accuracies of CMUT‐US and TUS‐guided injections in the parotid gland were 95.0% (n = 40) and 90.0% (n = 40), respectively (p = 0.69). In the submandibular gland, the accuracies for the CMUT‐US (n = 20) and TUS (n = 20) were both 75.0% (p = 0.72). Across all salivary gland sites, injection accuracy was 88.3% (n = 60) using TUS versus 85.0% (n = 60) using CMUT‐US (p = 0.79). No significant differences between modalities were seen in the accuracy of injection based on injection subsite, laterality, cadaver sex, or age.ConclusionThis pilot study demonstrates that CMUT‐US‐guided salivary gland injection offers similar high accuracy and reproducibility to TUS‐guided injection.Level of EvidenceV.
Loss‐of‐Function CARS1 Variants in a Patient With Microcephaly, Developmental Delay, and a Brittle Hair Phenotype
Authors: Del Greco Christina , Kuo Molly E. , Smith Desiree E. C. , Mendes Marisa I. , Salamons Gajja S. , Nemcovic Marek , Kodrikova Rebeka , Sestak Sergej , Stancheva Malina , Antonellis Anthony 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMutations in cysteinyl‐tRNA synthetase (CARS1) have been implicated in a multisystem disease including microcephaly, developmental delay, and brittle hair and nail phenotypes.MethodsHere, we present a patient with hepatopathy, hypothyroidism, short stature, developmental delay, microcephaly, muscular hypotonia, brittle hair, and ataxia. The patient underwent exome sequencing to identify potentially pathogenic genetic variants. In addition, identified variants were assessed using yeast complementation assays to determine functional consequences.ResultsExome sequencing determined that the patient is compound heterozygous for p.Arg341His and p.Arg370Trp CARS1. Yeast complementation assays showed that the p.Arg341His variant has a hypomorphic effect and that the p.Arg370Trp variant causes a complete loss‐of‐function effect.ConclusionThis study is the second report of pathogenic CARS1 variants and expands the allelic and phenotypic heterogeneity of CARS1‐associated disease.