bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of PD‐L1 in gingival basal keratinocytes reduces periodontal inflammation in a ligature‐induced periodontitis model
Authors: Wongtim Keeratika , Ikeda Eri , Ohno Tatsukuni , Nagai Shigenori , Okuhara Shigeru , Kure Keitetsu , Azuma Miyuki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe immune checkpoint programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1): PD‐1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1) pathway plays a crucial role in maintaining immune tolerance and preventing tissue damages by excessive immune responses. PD‐L1 is physiologically expressed and upregulated in keratinocytes (KCs) in the oral cavity. We here investigated the contribution of PD‐L1 that was overexpressed in gingival basal KCs in a ligature‐induced periodontitis model.MethodsWild‐type (WT) BALB/c and K14/PD‐L1 transgenic (tg) mice, in which PD‐L1 was overexpressed in basal KCs under control of the keratin 14 promoter, were used. To induce periodontitis, a 9‐0 silk ligature was placed around the upper right second molar, and lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis was applied on the suture. Gingival tissues were collected on day 7, after which histological analyses were performed, including by hematoxylin and eosin and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphate staining (TRAP) and quantitative PCR for proinflammatory cytokines and bone metabolism‐related genes. Alveolar bone loss at 7 weeks after ligature placement was assessed by micro‐computed tomography analysis.ResultsPD‐L1 was overexpressed in the basal KCs of all gingival epithelia in K14/PD‐L1tg mice. Early ligature‐induced periodontal inflammation, as assessed based on histological changes, elevation of proinflammatory cytokine (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α) expression, periodontal ligament degeneration, and osteoclastogenesis as assessed by Rankl and Opg expression and TRAP+ cells, was markedly impaired in K14/PD‐L1tg mice. Alveolar bone resorption at a late time point was also clearly minimized in K14/PD‐L1tg mice.ConclusionOverexpression of PD‐L1 in gingival basal keratinocytes in K14/PD‐L1tg mice reduces periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption in a ligature‐induced periodontitis model.
Polarized and non‐polarized Raman spectroscopy of ZnO crystals: Method for determination of crystal growth and crystal plane orientation for nanomaterials
Authors: Thyr Jakob , Österlund Lars , Edvinsson Tomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnalysis and determination of crystal orientation and exposed surface facets remain a challenge in nanomaterial science. In this work, we show that polarized and non‐polarized Raman spectroscopy can be useful tools to determine crystal plane orientation and conveniently be applied to spatial dimensions limited only by the diffraction limit of the excitation laser. The methodology is exemplified for wurtzite structured ZnO. Three different crystal facets, (0001), (1
00), and (11
0), of ZnO are investigated with angle‐resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy. The polarization direction dependences of the main Raman peaks are characterized and related to the experimental vibrational modes in the crystal lattice and corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations using two different hybrid functionals. By exploiting the symmetry of the modes and differences in Raman intensity of the optically activated phonons, a simple model is derived for determining the relation between the polar and non‐polar crystal orientation. The results are generalized to allow peak intensity ratio analysis using Raman spectroscopy with a non‐polarized light source, making it compatible with Raman mapping, as well as to include a critical discussion on the ability to determine the crystal plane orientation and exposed crystal facets using this model for nanodimensional ZnO and equivalent models for other nanomaterials. As the approach allows for use of non‐polarized light sources, near‐field excitations and local plasmons can in an extension be utilized for the determination of crystal orientation and exposed planes in dimensions much smaller than the diffraction limit.
Bursting‐bubble flow microextraction combined with gas chromatography to analyze organophosphorus pesticides in aqueous samples
Authors: Tazarv Maryam , Faraji Hakim , Moghimi Ali , Azizinejad Fariborz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBubble‐bursting flow microextraction combined with gas chromatography as a green and sustainable microextraction method is used to determine some organophosphorus pesticide residues in water samples. The extraction process occurs at the surface of liquid–gas contact, where the analytes interact with the gas molecules in the bubble. The analytes are transferred to the surface of the sample solution by moving the gas bubbles upwards. The bursting of gas bubbles causes the analytes to disperse in the headspace. Eventually, they are collected for injection into the chromatography system. A one‐factor‐at‐one‐time approach was applied to optimize the independent variables in the proposed method. Validation studies were performed according to reliable guidelines. Under optimal conditions, the method indicated a dynamic linear range from 1.0 to 100.0 μg/L. The limit of detection and quantification of the method was 0.29–0.38 and 1.21–1.70 μg/L, respectively. The proposed method was successfully utilized to determine malathion, diazinon, profenofos, and ethion as the target analytes in various water samples with satisfactory relative recoveries ranged from 90.1 to 102.2%.
Interpersonal Trauma Exposure and Interpersonal Problems in Adolescent Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Hughesdon Kathryn A. , Ford Julian D. , Briggs Ernestine C. , Seng Julia S. , Miller Alison L. , Stoddard Sarah A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTraumatic experiences have been differentiated as interpersonal (i.e., the direct result of actions by other people) or noninterpersonal (i.e., other life‐threatening events, such as severe accidents). Interpersonal trauma exposure generally has been shown to be associated with more severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms than noninterpersonal trauma exposure. Interpersonal problems also tend to be associated with trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms, but it is unclear whether a mediating association exists between trauma type, interpersonal problems, and PTSD symptoms. A clinical sample of 4,275 adolescents (age range: 12–18 years) from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Core Data Set were classified as having experienced interpersonal trauma, noninterpersonal trauma, or both. Interpersonal problems were operationalized by social problem behaviors (e.g., immature and dependent behaviors) and aggressive behaviors on the Child Behavior Checklist. The results of path analyses showed that cumulative interpersonal trauma exposure was both directly and indirectly associated with PTSD symptoms via social problem behaviors but not aggressive behaviors, total effect β = .20, 95% CI [.17, .23]. In a second model, path analyses showed that cumulative interpersonal trauma exposure was associated directly and indirectly via PTSD symptoms with social problem behaviors, total effect β = .15, 95% CI [.11, .18], and aggressive behaviors, total effect β = .13, 95% CI [.09, .17]. These findings suggest that during adolescence, interpersonal problems play an important role in the association between interpersonal trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms.
Improved Performance of Environmentally Friendly Blends of Biobased Polyethylene and Kraft Lignin Compatibilized by Reactive Extrusion with Dicumyl Peroxide
Authors: Rojas‐Lema Sandra , Ivorra‐Martinez Juan , Lascano Diego , Garcia‐Garcia Daniel , Balart Rafael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work, different contents (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1 phr) of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) are incorporated into the bio‐based high‐density polyethylene (bioPE)/kraft lignin (KL) blends with a composition of 80 and 20 wt%, respectively with the aim of improving overall performance. The samples are obtained by reactive extrusion and injection‐molding process, and then their overall performance is assessed by tensile tests, thermal analysis, optical and surface appearance, and wettability studies. The obtained mechanical properties confirm the successful interaction between bioPE and KL due to the addition of organic peroxide, which plays a key role in compatibilization. In particular, bioPE/KL blends with 1 phr of DCP achieve an increase in elongation at break of about 300% together with a noticeable increase in the impact strength of about 29% higher than the uncompatibilized bioPE/KL blend, while the tensile modulus decreases 42%. In addition, images obtained by field emission scanning electron microscopy show that the presence of DCP in the blends enhances better dispersion of KL into the bioPE matrix. The wettability analysis indicates that KL and DCP affect the hydrophobicity of the neat bioPE. Therefore, the resultant blends can be considered as potential sustainable polymers with balanced properties.
Effect of Poly(trehalose methacrylate) Molecular Weight and Concentration on the Stability and Viscosity of Insulin
Authors: Gelb Madeline B. , Maynard Heather D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInstability to storage and shipping conditions and injection administration remain major challenges in treating chronic conditions with biopharmaceuticals. Herein, formulations of poly(trehalose methacrylate) (pTrMA) are successfully optimized to stabilize insulin without appreciably increasing viscosity. Polymers are synthesized (2400–29 200 Da), and added to insulin at different concentrations. pTrMA maintained >95% intact insulin against 250 rpm at 37 °C for 3 h with at least 10 mol. equiv. of 5.0 kDa, 7.5 mol. equiv. of 9.4 kDa, 5 mol. equiv. of 12.8 kDa, 1 mol. equiv. of 19.8 kDa, and 0.5 mol. equiv. of 29.2 kDa polymers, compared to 13.1% of insulin alone. The lowest pTrMA concentration formulations are more viscous than insulin alone, but the highest viscosity, U‐600 with 10 mol. equiv. of 5 kDa pTrMA, is only 1.43 cP at 25 °C. This data demonstrates that pTrMA is a promising low viscosity additive to stabilize the diabetes therapeutic insulin.
Zwitterionic Nanogels and Microgels: An Overview on Their Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Saha Pabitra , Ganguly Ritabrata , Li Xin , Das Rohan , Singha Nikhil K. , Pich Andrij 
Published: May 2021

AbstractZwitterionic polymers by virtue of their unique chemical and physical attributes have attracted researchers in recent years. The simultaneous presence of positive and negative charges in the same repeat unit renders them of various interesting properties such as superhydrophilicity, which has significantly broadened their scope for being used in different applications. Among polyzwitterions of different architectures, micro‐ and/or nano‐gels have started receiving attention only until recently. These 3D cross‐linked colloidal structures show peculiar characteristics in context to their solution properties, which are attributable either to the comonomers present or the presence of different electrolytes and biological specimens. In this review, a concise yet detailed account is provided of the different synthetic techniques and application domains of zwitterion‐based micro‐ and/or nanogels that have been explored in recent years. Here, the focus is kept solely on the “polybetaines,” which have garnered maximum research interest and remain the extensively studied polyzwitterions in literature. While their vast application potential in the biomedical sector is being detailed here, some other areas of scope such as using them as microreactors for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles or making smart membranes for water‐treatment are discussed in this minireview as well.
A Potential Prophylactic Probiotic for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Overall Investigation of Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC25755 Attenuates LPS‐Induced Inflammation via Regulating Intestinal Immune Cells
Authors: Xiao Zhiping , Liu Lujie , Jin Yuyue , Pei Xun , Sun Wanjing , Wang Minqi 
Published: May 2021

ScopeThis study aims to roundly investigate whether Clostridium tyrobutyricum (Ct) alleviates inflammation via regulating immune cells in the small intestines.Methods and ResultsMice are pre‐treated with different concentrations of Ct follow by LPS stimulation. Ct maintains the mice body weight under inflammation. In response to LPS, 107 CFU mL−1 Ct decreases the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in the duodenum, while 108 CFU mL−1 Ct reduces inflammatory cytokines expression in both duodenum and ileum and protected intestinal morphology. The small intestinal immune cells are analyzed using flow cytometry. Ct decreases the numbers of macrophages and mast cells in the intestines in response to LPS. In the duodenum, Ct enhances dentritic cells (DCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), and T helper cell 17 (Th17) proportions. Ct decreases DCs and Tregs proportions, while enhances Th17 numbers in the ileum. The underlying mechanism of Ct in preventing inflammation may rely on the physiological immune cell composition of the intestines. In response to LPS, Ct may mainly stimulate Tregs via activating DCs in the duodenum while trigger Th17 cells in the ileum, thereby maintaining the intestinal homeostasis.ConclusionCt alleviates the LPS‐induce inflammation via regulating different immune cell types in the small intestines, highlighting that Ct is a potential prophylactic probiotic in intestinal diseases.
Evaluating nonlinear distortion of single and dual channel excitation of an amplifier at 24 GHz
Authors: Panigrahi Smruti Ranjan , Rönnow Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExperimental characterization of an amplifier's nonlinear properties at 24 GHz is presented in single and dual‐band operation using orthogonal frequency‐division multiplex signals. A test system for characterizing an amplifier's nonlinear properties at millimeter‐wave frequencies for single and dual‐band excitation is presented. The use of standard instrument enables a feasible test system. Analytical expressions based on a statistical analysis of signals and hardware impairments were used to analyze the experimental data versus power level and found to describe well the experimental results, including inter‐ and cross‐modulation distortion. Parameters are derived that could be used in system studies.
Growth, Production, and Feeding Efficiency of Freshwater, Longarm River Prawn Macrobrachium tenellum at Different Densities in Nursery Phase Culture under Intensive Conditions
Authors: López-Huerta Jorge M. , Vega-Villasante Fernando , Ponce-Palafox Jesus T. , Badillo Zapata Daniel , Martínez Cárdenas Leonardo , Flores Alencaster Omar Alejandro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of stocking density on growth performance, survival, feeding efficiency, and size distribution of the freshwater, longarm river prawn Macrobrachium tenellum during the nursery phase of intensive culture in a net cage–pond system. Juvenile longarm river prawns (mean weight = 0.46 g) were cultured in 12 net cages (1 m3) within two circular ponds (20.52 m3 each) at stocking densities of 50, 100, 200, and 400 prawns/m3. Final length, final body weight, weight gain, growth rate, and specific growth rate were found to be significantly better at a stocking density of 50 prawns/m3. A greater variation of sizes was observed at the density of 50 prawns/m3, with less in the highest density (400 prawns/m3). The results of the study showed that longarm river prawns in the nursery phase can be cultivated with a stocking density of 100 prawns/m3 to obtain a mean final weight of 1.6 g. This is the minimum size needed to obtain a high survival rate in the grow-out stage in ponds. However, the best growth performance and survival were registered in the densities of 50 and 100 prawns/m3.
Optimization of gas metering maintenance services: A multiobjective vehicle routing problem with a set of predefined overlapping time windows
Authors: Cassettari Lucia , Gaggero Mauro , Saccaro Stefano 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOptimization of maintenance services of a company working in the gas metering sector is investigated. In particular, daily tasks of operators are optimized by exploiting the paradigm of vehicle routing problems with a set of predefined time windows that overlap one with the others and four competing objectives to take into account. First, an exact integer formulation is presented that can be solved only for a reduced number of customer sites to visit. Then, a heuristic approach is proposed to find approximate solutions with huge savings on the computational effort, also for high‐dimensional instances. Numerical results on both real and synthetic scenarios showcase the effectiveness of the approach.
Interpretive leadership skill in meaning‐making by nonprofit leaders
Authors: Lim Sungdae , Brower Ralph S. , Berlan David G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNonprofit leaders are instrumental in constructing and managing organizational reality. They thus need to possess skills to make meaning about various activities, interests, and organizational values, especially when mission and service contexts are in flux. Scholars recognize the sector‐distinct leadership role in social construction. Nevertheless, research has yet to articulate clearly how meaning‐making by nonprofit leaders develops leadership. This article fills this knowledge gap. We illuminate meaning‐making leadership in nonprofits. We identify interpretive leadership skill as an essential executive competency for configuring a shared reality of the nonprofit and guiding others to that reality. Interpretive leadership skill is composed of three meaning‐making capabilities: contextual astuteness, coordination capacity, and self‐reflective capacity. We theorize that interpretive leadership skill develops from the cognitive and identity development processes of the leader in social interactions. A constructive‐developmental approach to leadership underlies our theory building. Theoretical and practical utility of this conceptualization is discussed, as are directions for future research.
Effectiveness of intergenerational participation on residents with dementia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lu Li‐Chin , Lan Shao‐Huan , Hsieh Yen‐Ping , Lan Shou‐Jen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThis meta‐analysis evaluated the effectiveness of intergenerational program participation for long‐term care institution residents with dementia.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsTen electronic databases were systematically searched until August 2020: CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, EBSCO, EMBASE, Ovid Medline, ProQuest, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool (JBI tool) was used for the quality appraisal of the included publications, and Review Manager 5.3 was used for the meta‐analysis.ResultsThirteen articles were identified (1993–2015). Intergenerational program participation could improve the pleasure level and significantly reduce disengagement behaviours of residents with dementia. The intergenerational program intervention caused no apparent improvement in their quality of life, depression levels, and engagement levels.
SOX9 has distinct roles in the formation and progression of different non‐small cell lung cancer histotypes
Authors: Bao Jie , Närhi Katja , Teodòsio Ana , Hemmes Annabrita , Linnavirta Nora M , Mäyränpää Mikko I , Salmenkivi Kaisa , Le Quesne John , Verschuren Emmy W 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe transcription factor SOX9 is a key regulator of multiple developmental processes and is frequently re‐expressed in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Its precise role in the progression of NSCLC histotypes has, however, remained elusive. We show that SOX9 expression relates to poor overall survival and invasive histopathology in human non‐mucinous adenocarcinoma and is absent in murine early minimally invasive and low in human in situ adenocarcinoma. Interestingly, despite wide SOX9 expression across advanced NSCLC histotypes, its genetic deletion in the murine KrasG12D;Lkb1fl/fl model selectively disrupted only the growth of papillary NSCLC, without affecting the initiation of precursor lesions or growth of mucinous or squamous tissue. Spatial tissue phenotyping indicated a requirement of SOX9 expression for the progression of surfactant protein C‐expressing progenitor cells, which gave rise to papillary tumours. Intriguingly, while SOX9 expression was dispensable for squamous tissue formation, its loss in fact led to enhanced squamous tumour metastasis, which was associated with altered collagen IV deposition in the basement membrane. Our work therefore demonstrates histopathology‐selective roles for SOX9 in NSCLC progression, namely as a promoter for papillary adenocarcinoma progression, but an opposing metastasis‐suppressing role in squamous histotype tissue. This attests to a pleiotropic SOX9 function, linked to the cell of origin and microenvironmental tissue contexts. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Factors influencing participation rates in clinical late‐effect studies of childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Helligsoe Anne Sophie Lind , Henriksen Louise Tram , Kenborg Line , Dehlendorff Christian , Winther Jeanette Falck , Hasle Henrik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo ensure external validation of a study population in clinical late‐effect studies of childhood cancer, the participation rate must be high. This study investigated demographic data in Nordic late‐effect studies and potential factors impacting participation rates such as cancer type, time since diagnosis, and duration of clinical examinations. We found 80 published studies originating from 16 cohorts, with median follow‐up of 6.0 years (range 3–14). The overall participation rates ranged from 27% to 100%. The highest participation rates were seen in studies of survivors with solid tumors (92%) and the lowest in hematologic malignancies (67%) and central nervous system tumors (73%). The clinical examination in 10 studies (62.5%) lasted for more than 3 hours. Neither duration of the clinical examination nor time since diagnosis seemed to affect the participation rate. We encourage future studies to describe the recruitment process more thoroughly to improve understanding of the factors influencing participation rates.