bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaning the Trunk Forward Decreases Patellofemoral Joint Loading During Uneven Running
Authors: AminiAghdam Soran , Epro Gaspar , James Darren , Karamanidis Kiros 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
AminiAghdam, S, Epro, G, James, D, and Karamanidis, K. Leaning the trunk forward decreases patellofemoral joint loading during uneven running. J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3345–3351, 2022—Although decline surfaces or a more upright trunk posture during running increase the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) contact force and stress, less is known about these kinetic parameters under simultaneous changes to the running posture and surface height. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between Step (10-cm drop-step and level step) and Posture (trunk angle from the vertical: self-selected, ∼15°; backward, ∼0°; forward, ∼25°) on PFJ kinetics (primary outcomes) and knee kinematics and kinetics as well as hip and ankle kinetics (secondary outcomes) in 12 runners at 3.5 ms−1. Two-way repeated measures analyses of variance (α = 0.05) revealed no step-related changes in peak PFJ kinetics across running postures; however, a decreased peak knee flexion angle and increased joint stiffness in the drop-step only during backward trunk-leaning. The Step main effect revealed significantly increased peak hip and ankle extension moments in the drop-step, signifying pronounced mechanical demands on these joints. The Posture main effect revealed significantly higher and lower PFJ kinetics during backward and forward trunk-leaning, respectively, when compared with the self-selected condition. Forward trunk-leaning yielded significantly lower peak knee extension moments and higher hip extension moments, whereas the opposite effects occurred with backward trunk-leaning. Overall, changes to the running posture, but not to the running surface height, influenced the PFJ kinetics. In line with the previously reported efficacy of forward trunk-leaning in mitigating PFJ stress while even or decline running, this technique, through a distal-to-proximal joint load redistribution, also seems effective during running on surfaces with height perturbations.
Cross-Sectional Study of the Physical Fitness and Anthropometric Profiles of Adolescent Hurling, Camogie, and Gaelic Football Players
Authors: Byrne Louise M. , Byrne Paul J. , Byrne Emma K. , Byrne Aaron P. , Coyle Colin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Byrne, LM, Byrne, PJ, Byrne, EK, Byrne, AP, and Coyle, C. Cross-sectional study of the physical fitness and anthropometric profiles of adolescent hurling, camogie, and Gaelic football players. J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3422–3431, 2022—The primary aim of this study was to identify the physical fitness profile of Irish adolescents playing hurling, camogie, and Gaelic football according to age and gender. To establish relationships between the physical fitness tests and anthropometry for these male and female adolescents. This cross-sectional study design included 311 adolescents between age of 13–18 years. Subjects completed a physical fitness test battery of 9 tests which included the following: height, body mass, modified sit and reach (SR), seated medicine ball throw (MBT), countermovement jump (CMJ), standing long jump (SLJ), 15-m sprint, 505 agility, and a 6-minute modified Cooper test (m-CT). Female subjects scored significantly higher in the SR than males, and older adolescents scored significantly higher than younger adolescents (p < 0.05). In the remaining fitness tests (MBT, SLJ, CMJ, 15-m sprint, agility, and m-CT), males outperformed females, males had greater anthropometry scores than females, and older adolescents outperformed and had higher changes in anthropometry than younger counterparts (p < 0.05). Normative data for gender and age-specific percentile values (5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th) for these tests in these adolescent players are provided. These data are useful for clubs, parents, coaches, clinicians, and secondary schools in monitoring adolescents and to provide training programs that develop athletic performance.
Rapid and Bihemispheric Reorganization of Neuronal Activity in Premotor Cortex after Brain Injury
Authors: Moreau-Debord Ian , Serrano Éléonore , Quessy Stephan , Dancause Numa 
Published: September 2021

Brain injuries cause hemodynamic changes in several distant, spared areas from the lesion. Our objective was to better understand the neuronal correlates of this reorganization in awake, behaving female monkeys. We used reversible inactivation techniques to “injure” the primary motor cortex, while continuously recording neuronal activity of the ventral premotor cortex in the two hemispheres, before and after the onset of behavioral impairments. Inactivation rapidly induced profound alterations of neuronal discharges that were heterogeneous within each and across the two hemispheres, occurred during movements of either the affected or nonaffected arm, and varied during different phases of grasping. Our results support that extensive, and much more complex than expected, neuronal reorganization takes place in spared areas of the bihemispheric cortical network involved in the control of hand movements. This broad pattern of reorganization offers potential targets that should be considered for the development of neuromodulation protocols applied early after brain injury.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is well known that brain injuries cause changes in several distant, spared areas of the network, often in the premotor cortex. This reorganization is greater early after the injury and the magnitude of early changes correlates with impairments. However, studies to date have used noninvasive brain imaging approaches or have been conducted in sedated animals. Therefore, we do not know how brain injuries specifically affect the activity of neurons during the generation of movements. Our study clearly shows how a lesion rapidly impacts neurons in the premotor cortex of both hemispheres. A better understanding of these complex changes can help formulate hypotheses for the development of new treatments that specifically target neuronal reorganization induced by lesions in the brain.
Numerical studies for effect of geometrical parameters on water jet pump performance via entropy generation analysis
Authors: Helios Muhammad Penta , Asvapoositkul Wanchai 
Published: September 2021

This paper presented an implementation of entropy generation analysis in the main flow field of a water jet pump via the CFD method. This study aimed to identify the inefficient location of energy conversion and to analyse entropy generation sources in each region of the water jet pump. The 2D-axisymmetric model and realisable k-ε (RKE) turbulence model at steady-state conditions were performed to validate jet pump performance and to assess the entropy generation. Likewise, the effects of the projection ratio and throat-aspect ratio as independent parameters were investigated. As a result, the throat is the most inefficient part due to the high total entropy generation rate, following by diffuser part. Also, the entropy generation rate was assessed dominant than viscous dissipation due to the turbulent dissipation, which was caused by a turbulent shear stress layer of mixing the streams. In conclusion, the projection ratio influenced the growth of the shear stress layer as well as the entropy generation. Further, the throat-aspect ratio affected the distribution of entropy generation in the throat section. An appropriate combination of both parameters has an impact on the jet pump performance improvements reducing the entropy generation rate in the future.
Numerical Prediction of Creep Rupture Life of Ex-Service and As-Received Grade 91 Steel at 873 K
Authors: FERDOUS IMAM UL , ALANG NASRUL AZUAN , Alias Juliawati , Nadzir Suraya Mohd 
Published: September 2021

Infallible creep rupture life prediction of high temperature steel needs long hours of robust testing over a domain of stress and temperature. A substantial amount of effort has been made to develop alternative methods to reduce the time and cost of testing. This study presents a finite element analysis coupled with a ductility based damage model to predict creep rupture time under the influence of multiaxial stress state of ex-service and as-received Grade 91 steel at 873 K. Three notched bar samples with different acuity ratios of 2.28, 3.0 and 4.56 are modelled in commercial Finite Element (FE) software, ABAQUS v6.14 in order to induce different stress state levels at notch throat area and investigate its effect on rupture time. The strain-based ductility exhaustion damage approach is employed to quantify the damage state. The multiaxial ductility of the material that is required to determine the damage state is estimated using triaxiality-ductility Cock and Ashby relation. Further reduction of the ductility due to the different creep mechanisms over a short and long time is also accounted for in the prediction. To simulate the different material conditions: ex-service and as-received material, different creep coefficients (A) have been assigned in the numerical modelling. In the case of ex-service material, using mean best fit data of minimum creep strain rate gives a good life prediction, while for new material, the lower bound creep coefficient should be employed to yield a comparable result with experimental data. It is also notable that ex-service material deforms faster than as-received material at the same stress level. Moreover, higher acuity provokes damage to concentrate on the small area around the notch, which initiates higher rupture life expectancy. It also found out that, the stress triaxiality and the equivalent creep strain influence the location of damage initiation around the notch area.
Drag Reduction by Application of Different Shape Designs in a Sport Utility Vehicle
Authors: Elsayed Omer , Omar Ashraf A. , Jeddi Ali , EL HESSNI Saad , Hachimy Fatima Zahra 
Published: September 2021

Road vehicles drag is a direct consequence of a large wake area generated behind. This area is created owing to the vehicle shape, which is determined by the class, functional and aesthetic of the vehicle. Aerodynamic characteristics are a ramification and not the reason for the vehicle architecture. To enhance pressure recovery in the wake region, hence reduce drag, three different passive flow control techniques were applied to sport-utility-vehicle (SUV). A three-dimensional SUV was designed in CATIA, and a numerical flow simulation was conducted using Ansys-Fluent to evaluate the aerodynamic effectiveness of the proposed flow control approaches. A closed rectangular flap as an add-on device modifies the wake vortex system topology, enhances vortex merging, and increases base pressure which leads to a drag reduction of 15.87%. The perforated roof surface layer was used to delay flow separation. The measured base pressure values indicate a higher-pressure recovery, which globally reflected in a drag reduction of 19.82%. Finally, air guided through side rams was used as steady blowing. A steady passive air jet introduced at the core of the longitudinal trailing vortices leads to a confined wake area. The net effects appear in a global increase in the base pressure values and the pronounced drag reduction of 22.67%.
Holes' Parameters Analysis of a Perforated Thin-Walled Lipped Beam Buckled Under a Bending Load
Authors: Khazaal D.S. , Al-Khafaji Hussein M. H. , Abdulsahib I.A. 
Published: September 2021

This work studied the effects of holes on the buckling characteristic of an open thin-walled lipped channel beam under a bending load. A nonlinear finite element method was utilised to examine the buckling behaviour of the beam. Experimental works were carried out to verify the finite element simulation. Three factors were chosen to examine their influence on the buckling of the beam. These factors namely, the holes’ shape, perforated ratio (hole length to beam height) and spacing ratio (centre to centre distance between holes to beam height). The finite elements output was analysed by implementing the Taguchi method to distinguish the best group of three parameters collections for optimal strength of buckling. Whereas the analysis of variance technique (ANOVA) method was applied to specify the impact of each parameter on critical buckling load. Outcomes showed that the combination of parameters that gives the best buckling strength is the hole with a hexagonal shape, perforated ratio =1.7 and spacing ratio =1.3, and the holes’ shape is the most effective factor. In addition, the study demonstrated that the hole's shape factor has the greatest influence on the buckling capacity. While the perforated ratio factor is the least influential.
An experimental study of the effect of the projection ratio and throat-aspect ratio on the efficiency and loss coefficient of a water jet pump
Authors: Helios Muhammad Penta , Asvapoositkul Wanchai 
Published: September 2021

This study focuses on the influence of dimensionless geometry parameters on the performance and loss coefficient of the throat and diffuser of the water jet pump apparatus. A water jet pump system was designed for a total of nine experimental cases with three different projection ratios and three throat-aspect ratios . The volumetric and pressure ratios - performance parameters are measured at a constant motive pressure and under varying backpressure. The efficiencies of the water jet pump in each configuration were assessed and compared. It was found that increasing 2 or 3 times of projection ratio degrades efficiency about 2% to 5.5%, respectively. Higher projection ratio ( > 1) expands the water jet diameter, which clogs the secondary flow. Hence, the changes in > 3 may have a significant impact on efficiency degradation. Shorter may cause the loss of kinetic energy in the diffuser, while longer reduces momentum transfer on the secondary flow. Moreover, the changes in and influence friction loss coefficient in the throat and diffuser section, and it reduces with increasing of volumetric ratio. It can be concluded that the appropriate value of projection ratio and throat-aspect ratio plays a role in the kinetic energy dissipation. It is also responsible for the location friction process, at a different volumetric ratio. However, the experimental results denoted the best efficiency and loss coefficient was achieved at a low projection ratio ( = 1) and small throat-aspect ratios ( = 5). The best efficiency of the study was about 23.37%.
Influence of biodiesel blends produced in Colombia on a Diesel engine
Authors: Venegas Oscar , Mónico Luisa 
Published: September 2021

Diesel engines have dominated the heavy duty and passenger vehicle market in the past 30 years. Consequently, the oil-derived fuels demand and the amount of pollutant emissions have witnessed exponential growth during the last three decades. Although Diesel engines present the advantage of higher efficiency and, therefore, lower levels of CO2 emissions, they produce high levels of NOX and particulate matter. In order to face these difficulties, the use of alternative fuels started booming in the early 2000s and continue to gain influence today. Biodiesel stands out from the alternative fuels’ selection for its ease of use, production, storage and potential to reduce levels of particles, CO, HC and CO2. The main goal of this research is to experimentally determine the influence of palm oil biodiesel produced in Colombia on a Diesel engine’s behavior in terms of engine performance and pollutant emissions. As different mixtures of commercial Diesel and biodiesel at different operating conditions were tested, the results showed that it is possible to maintain the engine’s performance at acceptable levels and to, in some cases, reduce smoke density and NOX levels.
How Juvenile Criminal Justice System in Indonesia Works? A Book Review 'Peradilan Pidana Anak di Indonesia', Marlina, PT Refika Aditama, Jakarta, 2009, 232 Pages, ISBN 9798-602-8650-06-9
Authors: Chandra Safari Dwi 
Published: September 2021

Human needs to live in an orderly, harmonious, harmonious, and peaceful manner are still maintained in accordance with applicable law. To provide security to every citizen, law enforcement officials need to take action by carrying out legal proceedings against criminal offenders. The implementation of legal proceedings against criminal offenders is in a system consisting of related subsystems called the criminal justice system or in the English Criminal Justice System. This book is divided into four chapters, an introduction; children in conflict with the law; juvenile criminal justice; the development of the concept of diversion, and restorative justice. Actually, this book only discusses one important point, namely regarding chapter 4, the development of the concept of diversion and restorative justice. However, the author makes the translation first by writing chapters 1 through chapter three.
Sterner Response toward Rape in line with Islamic Law: Special Reference to Pakistan
Authors: Shahid Shahzeb 
Published: September 2021

This paper tends to examine the nature of rape crime under Islamic law in order to take sterner action against this crime in line with Islamic law. As the Holy Quran does not directly deal with rape crime, for this reason, there is a wide range of disagreement among jurists regarding the issue of rape crime. Rape is not a single dimension issue, therefore, this paper is meant to shed light on issues related to rape such as whether or not rape is a separate crime? When does sexual intercourse amount to rape? What does Islam prescribe punishment for a person who is coerced to commit rape? Does Islam permit abortion for raped women? Why marital rape does not exist in Islam? Whether rapists may be awarded the punishment of lashes, Imprisonment or death as tâ€˜azir or syasah? This paper finds out what Zina (fornication) is under Islamic law because in Islamic jurisprudence only coerced Zina is regarded as rape. Thus, this paper is classifying rape in the same category as Zina. By classifying rape as a subset of Zina can only sort out the juridical issues that are emanating from coerced Zina. However, Some modern scholars put rape in a category of Hirabbah crime in order to circumvent the strict evidentiary procedure of Zina(fornication) crime. This paper depicts that there is no need to put rape in the domain of Hirabah because Islamic law permits the ruler or legislation to award punishment of lashes or death as Tazir or Syasah without waiting for the four pious Muslim male eye witness and inflicting Hadd of Qadaf(slander) to the complainant. Finally, this paper is exploring the options that may be taken in order to nip this crime in the bud.
Getting Justice through Legal Assistance: A Comparing Case of Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Maala Riyun Khilmawati 
Published: September 2021

Equality before the law should be applied to all citizens impartially. However, there are still discriminatory cases against those who are in lower strata than others. So we need a legal revolution that guarantees the fulfillment of justice which is then used as a source in law enforcement practices, legal protections, and legal services for poor people or groups. In addition to Indonesia, the State of Malaysia is also trying to provide justice for all its citizens by trying to provide legal aid guarantees for its citizens who are experiencing legal problems but are not able to afford it economically. This research is intended to analyze the legal comparison of the implementation of legal aid in the State of Indonesia and the State of Malaysia for the sake of creating justice. The research also aims to find out what obstacles are encountered in the implementation of legal aid in the State of Indonesia and the State of Malaysia for the sake of creating justice.
Juridical Analysis of Legal Aid Implementation for Underprivileged Communities: Problems and Challenges
Authors: Andhini Alycia Sandra Dinar 
Published: September 2021

Legal Aid is organized to help resolve legal issues faced by Legal Aid Recipients. The birth of Law No. 16 of 2011 concerning Legal Aid provides new hope for the poor to gain access to justice and equality before the law. This writing aims to determine the implementation of the provision of legal aid and the obstacles that influence it in its implementation because sometimes the implementation of Law Number 16 of 2011 concerning Legal Aid in Indonesian Courts is not optimal. This research focuses on the application of legal aid to the poor, the challenges and problems they face. The method used in this research is empirical research. This study found that in the application of legal aid in several regions in Indonesia, the main problem faced in addition to the lack of availability of accredited legal aid institutions, was also the issue of the budget provided by the state. In addition, in terms of the legal culture of the community, the implementation of legal aid is not optimal due to the understanding of the community not to have anything to do with the law so that many cases that should receive legal assistance cannot be accompanied.
Sêrat Bayanolah: Naskah Jawa sebagai Sarana Pelurusan Penyimpangan Akidah Islam Karya Raden Panji Natarata
Authors: Rahmawati Mila Indah , Rais Wakit Abdullah , Wisnu Wibowo Prasetyo Adi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Javanese literary works are considered as high-quality literary works. This is closely related to the noble values ​​contained in Javanese literary works. The teachings or noble values ​​in this Javanese literary work are usually referred to as piwulang literary works, namely works that originate from religious values ​​or teachings that come from God. One of the Javanese literary works with piwulang nuances is Sêrat Bayanolah. This work tells about the journey of a panatagama at the Yogyakarta Palace in discovering the true essence of life. To understand this concept is not easy because in reality there are many deviant schools of thought and religion which can derail people from the right path. This research was conducted in a descriptive qualitative manner. The data source used was Sêrat Bayanolah by Raden Panji Natarata, which was collected by the Museum of Reksa Pustaka Pura Mangkunegaran, Surakarta. Based on the research results, it was found that the essence of man as a creature is not the same as the essence of God (God) as the Creator. Besides, interpreting the concept of life and death must be adjusted to Islamic teachings because in reality there are still scholars and knowledgeable people who still misunderstand the concept of life and death.
Keywords: Sêrat Bayanolah, Javanese script, deviations, faith