bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Typing of alpha and beta coronaviruses by DNA barcoding of NSP12 gene
Authors: Nemr Waleed A. , Radwan Nashwa K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince the spread of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the world paid attention to coronaviruses (CoVs) evolution and their diverged lineages because many researches studies supposed that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is evolutionarily developed from a lineage of bats CoVs. This is due to the ability of some mutant CoVs to transmit from a host to different hosts. For this reason, there are many fears about the pathogenicity of the upcoming variants of CoVs. Thus, it is important to get a rapid and economic technique for typing a wide range of human and animal CoVs species for following up their mutant transmission. Therefore, the present study aims at approaching a simple design of DNA barcoding of a wide range of mammals' CoVs (including alpha and beta CoVs), by universal amplification of a species‐specific sequence inside a conserved gene (NSP12) followed by amplicon sequencing. The in silico evaluation involved 96 nucleotide sequences of different CoVs (18 alpha CoVs and 78 beta CoVs), and was applied experimentally into the lab on 5 human CoVs isolates; 3 of them belong to beta CoVs (OC43, MERS, and SARS‐CoV‐2) and 2 are alpha CoVs (229E and NL63). The results indicated that the designed universal primers are able to amplify 332 bp of a taxonomic region inside the NSP12 coding sequence that facilitates the identification and classification of mammals' CoVs upon the resulting phylogenetic tree.
Enhanced winter, spring, and summer hydroclimate variability across California from 1940 to 2019
Authors: Zamora‐Reyes Diana , Black Bryan , Trouet Valérie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCalifornia’s recent hydroclimatic pivots have caused billions of dollars in damages with the potential to become more extreme in the future, even if the mean total precipitation and streamflow do not change. In this study, we compile instrumental precipitation and streamflow records across California to quantify trends in hydroclimatic variability across spatial, temporal, and seasonal domains. We use the 10th and 90th percentiles of the distribution to examine whether any trends in variability are driven primarily by extreme low or high rainfall or streamflow events. Our analysis shows that there is a statistically significant positive trend in precipitation variability that is driven by long‐term increases to the 90th percentile through most of California during winter (January–March), which has been steadily increasing since the mid‐20th century. In contrast, significant positive streamflow trends are seen in winter, spring (April–June), and summer (July–September) and are driven by changes to both the 10th and 90th percentiles. Moreover, we found that there is a decreasing trend in fall (October–December) hydroclimatic variability, particularly over central California, that is related to declining values in the 90th percentile in both precipitation and streamflow. Our results suggest that California’s hydroclimate has been under a continually heightened state of volatility, leaving the state vulnerable to hydroclimatic extremes and elevated risk of associated compound events (floods, landslides, fires). Thus, water resources managers will need to incorporate this increased volatility into their planning for public and agricultural water supply, while being aware of the higher risks for wildfires and floods as well as the disproportionate and lasting impact on vulnerable ecosystem structures.
Introducing long‐term trends into subseasonal temperature forecasts through trend‐aware postprocessing
Authors: Shao Yawen , Wang Quan J. , Schepen Andrew , Ryu Dongryeol 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSkilful subseasonal forecasts are crucial for issuing early warnings of extreme weather events, such as heatwaves and floods. Operational subseasonal climate forecasts are often produced by global climate models not dissimilar to seasonal forecast models, which typically fail to reproduce observed temperature trends. In this study, we identify that the same issue exists in the subseasonal forecasting system. Subsequently, we adapt a trend‐aware forecast postprocessing method, previously developed for seasonal forecasts, to calibrate and correct the trend in subseasonal forecasts. We modify the method to embed 30‐year climate trends into the calibrated forecasts even when the available hindcast period is shorter. The use of 30‐year trends is to robustly represent long‐term climate changes and overcome the problem that trends inferred from a shorter period may be subject to large sampling variability. Calibration is applied to 20‐year ECMWF subseasonal forecasts and AWAP observations of Australian minimum and maximum temperatures with forecast horizons of up to 4 weeks. Relative to day‐of‐year climatology, raw week‐1 forecasts reproduce temperature trends of the 20‐year observations in many regions while raw week‐4 forecasts do not exhibit the 20‐year observed trends. After trend‐aware postprocessing, the behaviour of forecast trends is related to raw forecast skill regarding accuracy. Calibrated week‐1 forecasts show apparent trends consistent with the 20‐year observations, as the calibration transfers forecast skill and embeds the 20‐year observed trends into the forecasts when raw forecasts are inherently skilful. In contrast, calibrated week‐4 forecasts exhibit the 30‐year observed trends, as the calibration reverts the forecasts to the 30‐year observed climatology with trends when raw forecasts have little skill. For both weeks, the trend‐aware calibrated forecasts are more reliable, and as skilful as or more skilful than raw forecasts. The extended trend‐aware method can be applied to deliver high‐quality subseasonal forecasts and support decision‐making in a changing climate.
Encapsulating quercetin in cyclodextrin metal–organic frameworks improved its solubility and bioavailability
Authors: Wang Zhenjiong , Ma Yiding , Jiang Ying , Zhou Feng , Wu Yulong , Jiang Haitao , Wang Renlei , Xu Qing , Hua Chun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuercetin (Que) has many pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, antioxidant, cardiovascular protection, antihypertensive and lipid‐lowering activities. However, its poor water solubility greatly limits its application in medicine and food. γ‐Cyclodextrin metal–organic frameworks (γ‐CD‐MOFs) are novel porous carriers for loading functional products. In this study, Que was successfully loaded into γ‐CD‐MOFs, and the new compound (Que‐CD‐MOFs) was characterised by X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy.RESULTSThe apparent solubility of Que‐CD‐MOFs was enhanced by 100‐fold compared with that of pure Que. The free radical scavenging ability of the encapsulated Que was significantly improved. The cytotoxicity of Que‐CD‐MOFs to HK‐2 cells was decreased, and their inhibition on HT‐29 tumour cells was maintained, as confirmed by CCK‐8 assays. Flow cytometry of HT‐29 cells showed that Que‐CD‐MOFs can inhibit G2 phase cells. Based on molecular modelling, Que molecules were preferentially located inside the cavities of γ‐CD pairs in γ‐CD‐MOFs.CONCLUSIONγ‐CD‐MOFs are promising carriers for bioactive agents in food and pharmaceutical applications. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of olive leaf extract marination on heterocyclic aromatic amine formation in pan‐fried salmon
Authors: Macit Arife , Kizil Mevlude 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, the reducing effects of varying levels of olive leaf extract (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%) on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in pan‐cooked salmon at 180 and 220 °C were examined.RESULTSAll salmon samples were analyzed for ten HAAs: IQx, IQ, MeIQx, MeIQ, 4,8‐DiMeIQx, 7,8‐DiMeIQx, PhIP, AαC, MeAαC and Trp‐P‐2. The most abundant HAA was MeIQ (≤2.98 ng g−1) followed by Trp‐P‐2 (≤2.40 ng g−1), MeIQx (≤0.83 ng g−1), IQ (≤0.41 ng g−1), 7,8‐DiMeIQx (≤0.29 ng g−1), 4,8‐DiMeIQx (≤0.16 ng g−1) and IQx (≤0.06 ng g−1). However, PhIP, AαC and MeAαC were undetectable in all samples. In the control samples, HAAs were found at levels ranging from not detected to 2.40 ng g−1. Total HAA content was between 0.81 and 4.03 ng g−1. The olive leaf extracts reduced the total HAA levels at all certain concentration levels at 180 °C and the reducing effects were found to be 32.78–77.69%.CONCLUSIONThe current study displayed that olive leaf extracts could be efficient when added in up to 1% concentration prior to cooking for reducing HAA formation without changing organoleptic characteristics of salmon. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Improving the texture properties and protein thermal stability of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) by L‐lysinemarination
Authors: Lin Junxin , Zhang Yuying , Li Yiwei , Sun Peizi , Ren Xiang , Li Dongmei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe quality deterioration of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) after thermal processing limits its industrial application. This study sought to improve the texture characteristics of Antarctic krill after heat treatment through pre‐soaking usingl‐lysine (Lys) solution and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). Moreover, the effects of Lys on heat‐treated Antarctic krill were explored.RESULTSLys significantly reduced the cooking loss and improved the texture characteristics of Antarctic krill during heat treatment. The low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance results showed that Lys reduced the water loss of Antarctic krill during heat treatment. Additionally, the surface hydrophobicity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and endogenous fluorescence spectroscopy results showed that Lys could inhibit the structural damage of Antarctic krill protein under the thermal denaturation condition and enhance the thermal stability of the protein. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that Lys could protect the structural integrity of Antarctic krill muscle fibers during heat treatment.CONCLUSIONThe cooking loss in the Lys added groups was better than the sodium tripolyphosphate added group, and 2.0% Lys solution could minimize the cooking loss of Antarctic krill. The secondary and tertiary structures of the Antarctic krill protein were actively protected by Lys during heat treatment. Overall, the study will provide insights into the application of Lys in the food industry as a natural additive and an alternative to phosphate. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Atmospheric CO2 concentration affects the life cycle, yield, and fruit quality of early maturing edible legume cultivars
Authors: Garmendia Idoia , Rashidi Sakineh , Quezada‐Salirrosas Marilyn RA , Goicoechea Nieves 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDElevated CO2 usually reduces levels of proteins and essential micronutrients in crops. The adoption of early maturing varieties may minimize the deleterious effect of climate change on farming activities. Legumes stand out for their high nutritional quality, so the objective was to study whether the atmospheric CO2 concentration affected the growth, yield, and food quality of early maturing cultivars of peas, snap beans, and faba beans. Plants grew in greenhouses either at ambient (ACO2, 392 μmol mol−1) or under elevated (ECO2, 700 μmol mol−1) CO2 levels. Minerals, proteins, sugars, and phenolic compounds were measured in grains of peas and faba beans, and in pods of snap beans.RESULTSThe effect of ECO2 depended on legume species, being more evident for food quality than for vegetative growth and yield. The ECO2 increased Fe and P in faba bean grains, and Ca in snap bean pods. Under ECO2, grains of pea and faba bean increased levels of proteins and phenolics, respectively, and the sugars‐to‐protein ratio decreased in pods of snap beans.CONCLUSIONEarly maturing varieties of legumes appear to be an interesting tool to cope with the negative effects that a long exposure to rising CO2 can exert on food quality. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Mix‐cropping of rice and water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea Lour.) increases rice photosynthetic efficiency, yield, grain quality and soil available nutrients
Authors: Hei Zewen , Xiang Huimin , Zhang Jiaen , Liang Kaiming , Zhong Jiawen , Li Meijuan , Ren Xiaoqiao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDCereal cultivation with legumes plays an important role in improving biodiversity and productivity. However, there are limited references concerning rice/legume mix‐cropping in paddy fields. An aquatic leguminous plant, water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea Lour.), was introduced and a related field experiment of two seasons (early and late seasons in 2019) was carried out to explore the effects of rice/water mimosa mix‐cropping on rice growth, yield, grain quality and soil nutrients in the present study. Three treatments – rice monocropping, rice/water mimosa intercropping and mix‐cropping – were employed in this study.RESULTSResults showed that rice grew better with greater height, tiller number, chlorophyll content, actual photosynthetic efficiency [Y(II)], maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) in the intercropping and mix‐cropping treatments. In addition, the intercropping and mix‐cropping treatments increased nutrient uptake of nitrogen (N) by11.89–24.42%, phosphorous (P) by 17.75–36.61% and potassium (K) by 19.22–47.44%, and rice yield by 19.9% and 21.8%. Conversely, the non‐photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ), chalkiness degree and chalky rate of rice were lower in the intercropping and mix‐cropping treatments relative to those in the monocropping treatments. Notably, soil alkali‐hydrolysable N (AN), available P (AP) and K (AK) contents were the highest in the mix‐cropping treatments among the three cropping systems.CONCLUSIONWe suggest that rice/water mimosa mix‐cropping is an environmentally friendly agroecological system with a higher output and can be extended for green rice production and largely applied in the paddy field. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
The influence of thyroid status, serum Tg, TSH, and TgAb on FNA‐Tg in cervical metastatic lymph nodes of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Li Peipei , Chen Xiao , Yu Qiujie , Li Li 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivePapillary thyroid carcinoma is treated in China mostly with surgery, including total ablation, lobectomy, and lobe and isthmus resection. Therefore, whether thyroid status affects the FNA‐Tg cutoff value in the diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis deserves our attention. In addition, we investigated the influence of serum Tg, TSH, and TgAb on the accuracy of using FNA‐Tg for diagnosis.MethodsOur retrospective analysis included 189 suspected cervical lymph nodes, and we determined whether the cutoff value of FNA‐Tg was affected by thyroid status, sTg, sTSH, and sTgAb.ResultsIn thyroid present cases, the optimal cutoff value of FNA‐Tg was 2.3 ng/ml (sensitivity 96.2%, specificity 100%), and in the thyroid absent cases, the optimal cutoff value of FNA‐Tg was 0.7 ng/ml (sensitivity 97.6%, specificity 96.0%). Although serum Tg, TSH, and TgAb were weakly correlated with FNA‐Tg values, they did not affect the diagnostic performance of the optimal cutoff value of FNA‐Tg according to thyroid status.ConclusionsThe optimal cutoff value of FNA‐Tg should be selected according to the thyroid status (2.3 ng/ml for thyroid present cases and 0.7 ng/ml for thyroid absent cases) to ensure the efficient diagnosis of cervical metastatic lymph nodes of papillary thyroid carcinoma. It was determined that sTg, sTSH, and sTg‐Ab cannot influence the diagnostic performance of FNA‐Tg. The combination method of FNA‐Tg and FNAC is the most optimal choice for the diagnosis of lymph nodes metastasis.
Changes in laryngopharyngeal reflux after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea: An observational study
Authors: Tang Xiaojun , Tang Qinglai , Li Shisheng , Yang Xinming , Zhang Ying , Zeng Shiying , Huang Peiying , Li Mengmeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo estimate laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) changes after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using the reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS) questionnaires.MethodsA total of 91 participants were recruited and divided into three groups: control (n = 27), OSA mild to moderate (n = 29), and OSA severe (n = 35) groups according to polysomnography. All participants completed the preoperative RSI, and underwent blinded evaluation on videolaryngoscopy using the RFS questionnaire. Thirty‐four OSA patients who underwent UPPP surgery completed postoperative polysomnography and questionnaires again after a 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsThe RSI score and RFS were higher in patients with OSA than in those without OSA. Patients with severe OSA also had a higher RSI score and RFS than those with mild to moderate OSA. Apnea and hypopnea index degree and percentage of recording time for <90% oxygen saturation showed positive correlation with LPR symptoms. But the lowest blood oxygen saturation during the recording time was negatively correlated with LPR symptoms. The mean RSI score and RFS before UPPP surgery were 15.88 ± 4.85 and 13.18 ± 4.80, after surgery decreasing to 9.53 ± 4.16 and 8.65 ± 4.87, respectively (P <.05). In 25 patients where surgery was successful, RSI scores, RFSs and individual RSI variables decreased after surgery.ConclusionsLPR symptoms are common among OSA patients, and the coexistence of OSA and LPR cannot be ignored. Successful UPPP surgery potentially reduces LPR symptoms and improves laryngoscopic signs by alleviating sleep respiratory disorders.Level of Evidence: 3.
Phytoplankton antioxidant systems and their contributions to cellular elemental stoichiometry
Authors: McCain J. Scott P. , Bertrand Erin M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOxidative stress plays a role in many aspects of cellular metabolism, and as a result, antioxidants have the potential to impact cellular stoichiometry and biogeochemical cycles. We reviewed how antioxidant systems influence macronutrient and micronutrient stoichiometry in marine phytoplankton and identified that antioxidant systems have important implications for micronutrient stoichiometry. By leveraging diatom proteomic data, we empirically estimated the level of micronutrient quota variation that can be attributed to antioxidant systems. Fe‐containing antioxidant expression may contribute to 3.3–10 μmol : mol variation in Fe : C, and superoxide dismutases appear to be important contributors to variation in Mn, Ni, Zn, and Cu quotas in phytoplankton. Critical next steps for the study of phytoplankton antioxidant systems are to (1) distinguish between oxidative stress and redox‐based gene regulation and (2) determine how antioxidants influence variation or consistency in micronutrient quotas under various environmental conditions.
A genotype and phenotype analysis of SMAD6 mutant patients with radioulnar synostosis
Authors: Shen Fang , Yang Yongjia , Li Pengcheng , Zheng Yu , Luo Zhenqing , Fu Yuyan , Zhu Guanghui , Mei Haibo , Chen Shanlin , Zhu Yimin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundSMAD6 variants have been reported in patients with radioulnar synostosis (RUS). This study aimed to investigate the genotypes and phenotypes for a large cohort of patients with RUS having mutant SMAD6.MethodsGenomic DNA samples were isolated from 251 RUS sporadic patients (with their parents) and 27 RUS pedigrees. Sanger sequencing was performed for the SMAD6 coding regions. For positive probands, co‐segregation and parental‐origin analysis of SMAD6 variants and phenotypic re‐evaluation were performed for their family members.ResultsWe identified 50 RUS probands with SMAD6 variants (13 co‐segregated with RUS in pedigrees and 37 in RUS‐sporadic patients). Based on the new and previous data, we identified SMAD6 mutated in 16/38 RUS pedigrees and 61/393 RUS sporadic patients, respectively. Overall, 93 SMAD6 mutant patients with RUS were identified, among which 29 patients had unilateral RUS, where the left side was more involved than the right side (left:right = 20:9). Female protective effects and non‐full penetrance were observed, in which only 6.90% mothers (vs. ~50% fathers) of SMAD6 mutant RUS probands had RUS. Pleiotropy was observed as a re‐evaluation of SMAD6 mutant families identified: (a) three families had axial skeletal malformations; (b) two families had polydactyly; and (c) eight families had other known malformations.ConclusionSMAD6 was mutated in 42.11% RUS pedigrees and 15.52% RUS sporadic patients.The RUS patients with SMAD6 variants exhibit both non‐full‐penetrance, variable expressivity, pleiotropy, female protective effects, and the left side is more susceptible than the right side.
The efficacy of combining a vascularized biogenic conduit and a decellularized nerve graft in the treatment of peripheral nerve defects: An experimental study using the rat sciatic nerve defect model
Authors: Takeuchi Hisataka , Ikeguchi Ryosuke , Noguchi Takashi , Ando Maki , Yoshimoto Koichi , Sakamoto Daichi , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough decellularized nerve grafts are often used as a bridging material in nerve defect repair, the lack of perfusion support in this procedure limits the regeneration capacity. To address this, we applied vascularized biogenic conduits, which are fibrous membranes prefabricated around the silicone rod that contain rich vascularity and macrophages, to nerve defect repair procedures using decellularized nerve grafts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the capacity of combining a vascularized biogenic conduit and a decellularized nerve graft for peripheral nerve regeneration using a 10‐mm nerve defect model in rats.Materials and MethodsSixteen adult male rats (F344 rats, 10–12 weeks, 200–250 g) were used in this study. For the prefabrication of vascularized biogenic conduits, a silicone rod was transplanted next to the sciatic nerve. After 8 weeks, this silicone rod was enveloped in connective tissue, called a vascularized biogenic conduit. The first rat was used to investigate the histological characteristics of vascularized biogenic conduits through immunofluorescence studies. The remaining 15 rats were divided into three groups to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of a decellularized nerve graft and a vascularized biogenic conduit: a decellularized nerve graft (DNG) group, a decellularized nerve graft with a vascularized biogenic conduit (DNG‐w‐VBC) group, and an autologous nerve graft (ANG) group. Eight weeks after nerve graft surgery, the assessment results of both functional recovery (electrophysical studies and target muscle atrophy) and morphological recovery (total number, diameter, and myelin thickness of the regenerated axons) of the regenerated nerves were examined.ResultsImmunofluorescence studies revealed that the VBC contains extracellular matrix, vascular tissue, and macrophages. The results of the DNG‐w‐VBC group were superior to the DNG group in electrophysiological studies (CMAP; 6.29 ± 0.80% vs. 4.02 ± 3.35%, MNCV; 50.6 ± 8.4% vs. 25.7 ± 15.6%, p < .05, respectively), regenerated axon number (11,348 ± 812 vs. 7697 ± 2197, p < .05), and mean axon diameter (2.72 ± 0.33 μm vs. 1.64 ± 0.12 μm, p < .05).ConclusionsOur study confirms that vascularized biogenic conduits supply vascularity and macrophages to nerve defect sites. Combining vascularized biogenic conduits with decellularized nerve grafts to treat nerve defects offers superior functional and morphological recovery of regenerated axons.