bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
YAP‐TEAD up‐regulates IRS2 expression to induce and deteriorate oesophageal cancer
Authors: Xu Xiangming , Nie Jiao , Lu Lin , Du Chao , Meng Fansheng , Song Duannuo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOesophageal cancer (EC) represents a significant cause of cancer worldwide. Yes‐associated protein (YAP) is reported to correlate with the initiation of multiple cancers including EC, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The current study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of YAP‐TEAD in the occurrence and progression of EC. EC tissues and cells were obtained, followed by determination of the expression of YAP, c‐Jun, pc‐Jun and IRS2. The effect of YAP‐TEAD on the biological EC cell processes was explored through gain‐ and loss‐of‐function approaches. The interaction between YAP and TEAD was detected by co‐immunoprecipitation. The binding of TEAD to the c‐Jun promoter was determined using chromatin immunoprecipitation. Tumour formation in the nude mice was detected in order to ascertain the effect of YAP and IRS2 in vivo. We found elevated YAP in the EC tissues and cells. YAP silencing led to a decrease in EC cell proliferation, invasion and sphere formation. YAP‐TEAD complex bound to the promotor of c‐Jun, and c‐Jun led to an increase in the expression of IRS2 through the JNK/c‐Jun pathway. Additionally, pc‐Jun and phosphorylated JNK were localized in the nuclear in addition to displaying enhanced expression in the EC tissues. IRS2 overexpression negated the inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion and sphere formation triggering YAP silencing. YAP up‐regulated IRS2 and aggravated EC in vivo. Taken together, YAP‐TEAD activates the JNK/c‐Jun pathway to up‐regulate IRS2, ultimately promoting EC progression. Therefore, YAP‐TEAD inhibition could be a promising therapeutic approach for EC treatment.
EphA2 promotes tumorigenicity of cervical cancer by up‐regulating CDK6
Authors: Huang Changhao , Chen Zihua , He Yihong , He Zhengxi , Ban Zhenying , Zhu Yuanhang , Ding Leilei , Yang Chen , Jeong Ji‐Hak , Yuan Weijie , Yang Li 
Published: February 2021

AbstractErythropoietin‐producing hepatocellular receptor A2 (EphA2) receptor tyrosine kinase plays an important role in tissue organization and homeostasis in normal organs. EphA2 is overexpressed in a variety of types of solid tumours with oncogenic functions. However, the role of EphA2 in cervical cancer (CC) is still needed to be further explored. Here, we examined the role of EphA2 by establishing a stable EphA2 knock‐down CC cell lines or a stable EphA2‐overexpressed CC cells lines. Overexpression of EphA2 increased cell proliferation and migration of CC while EphA2 knock‐down decreased the CC tumorigenicity. In addition, EphA2 knock‐down suppressed CC tumour development in the xenograft mouse model. Inhibition of EphA2 by AWL‐II‐41‐27, EphA2‐specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, or knock‐down of EphA2 decreased mRNA and protein expression of cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 6 in CC cells, which increased cellular susceptibility to epirubicin (EPI), an anti‐cancer chemotherapy drug. A clinicopathological study of EphA2 was conducted on a cohort of 158 human CC patients. EphA2 protein expression was positively correlated with CDK6 protein expression, invasion depth, lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological stage (P < .05). This study demonstrates the oncogenic activity of EphA2 in vitro and in vivo, which provides insights into the relevant mechanisms that might lead to novel treatments for CC.
FGF8 and BMP2 mediated dynamic regulation of dental mesenchyme proliferation and differentiation via Lhx8/Suv39h1 complex
Authors: Zhou Chen , Chen Danying , Ren Jianhan , Huang Delan , Li Runze , Luo Haotian , Guan Chenyu , Cao Yang , Wang Weicai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe homeobox gene, LIM‐homeobox 8 (Lhx8), has previously been identified as an essential transcription factor for dental mesenchymal development. However, how Lhx8 itself is regulated and regulates odontogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we employed an RNAscope assay to detect the co‐expression pattern of Lhx8 and Suv39h1 in the dental mesenchyme, which coincided with the dynamic expression profiles of the early epithelium signal of Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 (FGF8) and the later mesenchymal signal Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2). Moreover, FGF8 activated Lhx8, whereas BMP2 repressed Lhx8 expression at the transcriptional level. The high expression of Lhx8 in the early dental mesenchyme maintained the cell fate in an undifferentiated status by interacting with Suv39h1, a histone‐lysine N‐methyltransferase constitutively expressed in the dental mesenchyme. Further in the ex vivo organ culture model, the knockdown of Suv39h1 significantly blocked the function of Lhx8 and FGF8. Mechanistically, Lhx8/Suv39h1 recognized the odontoblast differentiation‐related genes and repressed gene expression via methylating H3K9 on their promoters. Taken together, our data here suggest that Lhx8/Suv39h1 complex is inversely regulated by epithelium‐mesenchymal signals, balancing the differentiation and proliferation of dental mesenchyme via H3K9 methylation.
European Integration and the New Global Disorder*
Authors: Lavery Scott , Schmid Davide 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe global context within which European integration takes place is changing. The rise of China continues and the leadership of the USA has come under strain, while the global economy remains trapped in a phase of stagnation. We argue that, to capture these dynamics, EU studies would benefit from tracing the interactions between global order and contemporary dynamics within the EU. European integration has been decisively shaped by two phases of US‐led global order in the past. However, we argue that a new global disorder has emerged. The decentring of globalization, geopolitical turbulence, monetary and financial instabilities and ideological fluidity are reshaping the context within which EU integration unfolds. This presents an old European question but under a new set of volatile conditions: how to secure a degree of relative autonomy within a rapidly changing global political economy.
Moths pollinate four crops of Cucurbitaceae in Asia
Authors: Lu Qing‐Biao , Liu Chang‐Qiu , Huang Shi‐Xun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPollination ecology of many crops is not fully known, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Non‐bee pollinators may contribute substantially to crop yield, even if they do not receive much attention. Although moth pollination has fascinated ecologists and evolutionary biologists since Darwin, crop pollination by moths has not been well investigated and experimentally examined. Hence, we explored the pollination ecology of four cucurbit crops with crepuscular or nocturnal flowers. Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl., Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb., Trichosanthes anguina L., and Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. all display floral traits suggestive of moth pollination, such as opening around dusk or in evenings and secreting ample dilute nectar. We demonstrated that these crops’ flowers attracted a wide range of moth species, especially hawkmoths. The assemblage of flower‐visiting moths varied according to location and season. Pollination treatments and pollen load analysis confirmed the pollination of the four crops by moths, especially hawkmoths. Our results provide evidence for the value as wild pollinators for the four crops, for which domesticated bees cannot provide reliable pollination services in practice. This study lends support to the proposal to pay more attention to the value of non‐bee pollinators and to leave some areas unexploited in rural landscapes for the conservation of wild pollinators, including moths.
Unravelling the taxonomy and identification of a problematic group of benthic fishes from tropical rivers (Gobiidae: Glossogobius)
Authors: Hammer Michael P. , Taillebois Laura , King Alison J. , Crook David A. , Wedd Dion , Adams Mark , Unmack Peter J. , Hoese Doug F. , Bertozzi Terry 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFlathead gobies (genus Glossogobius) include c. 40 small‐ to medium‐sized benthic fishes found primarily in freshwater habitats across the Indo‐Pacific, having biodiversity value as well as cultural and economic value as food fishes, especially in developing countries. To help resolve considerable confusion regarding the identification of some of the larger‐growing Glossogobius species, a systematic framework was established using nuclear genetic markers, mitochondrial DNA barcoding and phenotypic evidence for a geographically widespread collection of individuals from the waterways of tropical northern Australia. Species boundaries and distribution patterns were discordant with those previously reported, most notably for the tank goby Glossogobius giuris, which included a cryptic species. Genetic divergence was matched with accompanying unique visual characters that aid field identification. Additional taxonomic complexity was also evident, by comparison with DNA barcodes from international locations, suggesting that the specific names applicable for two of the candidate species in Australia remain unresolved due to confusion surrounding type specimens. Although flathead gobies are assumed to be widespread and common, this study demonstrates that unrealised taxonomic and ecological complexity is evident, and this will influence assessments of tropical biodiversity and species conservation. This study supports the need for taxonomic studies of freshwater fishes to underpin management in areas subject to significant environmental change.
Sentinel‐1 remote sensing data and Hydrologic Engineering Centres River Analysis System two‐dimensional integration for flash flood detection and modelling in New Cairo City, Egypt
Authors: Elkhrachy Ismail , Pham Quoc Bao , Costache Romulus , Mohajane Meriame , Rahman Khalil Ur , Shahabi Himan , Linh Nguyen Thi Thuy , Anh Duong Tran 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDigital surface models, land use and rainfall data were used to simulate water areas using Hydrologic Engineering Centres River Analysis System (HEC‐RAS) software. Multi‐temporal synthetic aperture radar (SAR) was used for the detection of flood prone area to calibrate HEC‐RAS, due to the lack of data validation in the New Cairo City, Egypt. The thresholding water detection method was applied to two Sentinel‐1 images, one pre‐ and one post‐flash flood event from April 24 to 27, 2018. The threshold method was used to detect water areas from SAR Sentinel‐1 images. Feature statistical agreement F1 and F2 values ranged from 73.4 to 77.7% between water areas extracted based on backscattering values between 19.97 and 16.53 in decibels (dB) and reference water areas obtained using an optical image of the Sentinel‐2 satellite. The similarity between simulated HEC‐RAS two‐dimensional (2D) of water areas and reference water areas based on SAR data ranged between 74.2 and 89.7% using feature statistical agreement values F1 and F2. It provides a clear suggestion that, in the absence of field observations, SAR data can be used to calibrate the model. Two flood hazard maps created based on water velocity and depth were obtained from HEC‐RAS 2D simulation. The obtained maps indicated that 11% of the roads and 50% of the buildings in New Cairo City are exposed to high hazard areas. Furthermore, 28% of the bare land is situated in a very high vulnerability area. We recommend the use of obtained hazard map in supporting emergency response, and designing effective emergency plans.
Outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Jain Vardhmaan , Kalra Ankur , Panhwar Muhammad Siyab , Bansal Agam , Nowacki Amy , Bhatia Kirtipal , Gupta Tanush , Ineman Nichole L. , Khan Safi U. , Krishnaswamy Amar , Reed Grant W. , Puri Rishi , Kapadia Samir R. , Svensson Lars G. , Kanaa'N Anmar , Lahorra Joseph A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImportanceThe impact of pre‐existing cognitive dysfunction on outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) remains unclear.ObjectiveTo study the association between dementia and post‐TAVR outcomes.DesignCohort study with propensity‐score matching was conducted using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample.ExposuresHistory of dementia at the time of undergoing TAVR.Main outcomesAll‐cause in‐hospital mortality, stroke, bleeding requiring transfusion, acute kidney injury, post‐procedural vascular complications, post‐procedural pacemaker implantation, length of stay, in‐hospital delirium, and discharge disposition in patients with and without dementia undergoing TAVR.ResultsOf 57,805 patients undergoing TAVR, 2910 (5.0%) had a diagnosis of dementia. Propensity‐score matching yielded 2895 matched pairs of patients. TAVR was associated with an increased risk of bleeding requiring transfusion (14.7% vs 8.6%, odd ratio (OR) 1.82 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–2.63]; p < 0.01), discharge to a rehabilitation facility (45.8% vs 31.6%, OR 2.27 [95% CI 1.67–3.08]; p < 0.001), in‐hospital delirium (7.4% vs 3.6%, OR 2.13 [95% CI 1.26–3.61]; p < 0.01), increased length of stay (6.75 ± 0.07 days vs 6.11 ± 0.06 days, slope = 1.11 [95% CI 1.03–1.19]; p < 0.01), but comparable in‐hospital mortality (2.1% vs 2.6%, OR 1.26 [95% CI 0.57–2.79]; p = 0.57] in patients with dementia compared with patients without dementia.Conclusions and relevanceThis study found that patients with dementia undergoing TAVR had a longer hospital stay as well as higher rates of discharge to a rehabilitation facility and in‐hospital delirium, which may indicate debility and functional decline during hospitalization; however, in‐hospital mortality and other outcomes were comparable between the two groups. TAVR candidates should be subjected to a comprehensive geriatric and cognitive assessment to help risk‐stratify them for potential post‐procedural functional decline. Prospective studies aimed at standardizing cognitive scoring and evaluating the post‐procedural quality of life are needed.
Geriatrics and palliative medicine leadership is needed now more than ever: What are the training gaps?
Authors: Pelleg Ayla R. , Schiller Gabrielle , Goldhirsch Suzanne L. , Fernandez Helen M. , Lindenberger Elizabeth C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundGeriatrics and palliative medicine specialists are uniquely trained to provide expert coordinated care for older adults and seriously ill and complex patients. Health system leadership geared towards this patient population is critically important as society ages. Currently, there is no standardized approach to teaching core leadership skills. To assess the leadership training needs of geriatrics and palliative medicine fellowship graduates, we conducted a needs assessment to identify (1) early career leadership trajectories and challenges and (2) knowledge and skills deemed essential for effective leadership.MethodsIndividuals identified as leaders in geriatrics and/or palliative medicine completed an electronic survey and a semi‐structured qualitative interview. These leaders were divided into two categories: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS) trained leaders or non‐ISMMS trained leaders. The semi‐structured interviews were recorded, transcribed, and reviewed using thematic analysis.ResultsWithin 1 year of fellowship graduation, 50% of ISMMS trained leaders had leadership positions; within 6 years, 100% had a leadership role. Based on qualitative interviews, both ISMMS trained leaders and non‐ISMMS trained leaders perceived leadership training gaps in two domains: (1) knowledge and (2) skills. Knowledge and skill gap themes included communication and management, mentorship and negotiation, program development, knowledge, and apprenticeship.ConclusionGeriatrics and palliative medicine physicians obtained leadership roles quickly after fellowship. Both ISMMS trained leaders and non‐ISMMS trained leaders often felt unprepared, learned “on the job,” and sought out additional leadership training. Early leadership training is needed to prepare fellowship graduates for the pressing demands of accelerated leadership.
Assessing the circularity of regions: Stakes of trade of waste for treatment
Authors: Towa Edgar , Zeller Vanessa , Achten Wouter M. J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe degree of circularity of a region describes the proportion of materials recovered and reintroduced in that region of the total materials in that region. Quantifying the degree of circularity of a region is important, to prioritize and adequately implement circular economy (CE) strategies. Besides, regions may import and export waste treatment services. Efficient CE strategies should integrate the circularity embodied in the interregional linkages regarding waste treatment. However, the existing analyses of the degree of circularity of regions do not consider the trade of waste for treatment between regions. We fill this gap by proposing the trade‐corrected circularity index and trade‐corrected circularity gap index as two novel indicators, including their methodology and application for the case of Belgian regions. We used the multiregional physical supply and use the table we previously developed at the subnational Belgian level for 2011 and focused on Brussels, Flanders, and Wallonia. The results show that Brussels, Flanders, and Wallonia are 0%, 6.3%, and 8.1% circular, respectively, and when considering the trade of waste for treatment, they are 7.7%, 6%, and 8.5% circular, respectively. Further results include details of the circularity per type of materials (biomass, fossil fuels, metals, and non‐metallic minerals) as well as the circularity inherent to the trade of waste between regions. This paper ends with a discussion on the methodological and conceptual findings, the CE policy implications, and the contributions to the debate on measuring the circularity of regions when the trade of waste is at stake.
Exploring Differences in Household Debt across the United States and Euro Area Countries
Authors: CHRISTELIS DIMITRIS , EHRMANN MICHAEL , GEORGARAKOS DIMITRIS 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHousehold debt has played a central role in the global financial crisis, yet our understanding of it remains limited. We put U.S. household leverage in an international perspective, using household‐level data for the United States and 10 euro area economies. U.S. households have the highest prevalence of mortgage and consumer debt, hold comparatively large amounts and face higher debt burdens despite having higher income. We find that the U.S. economic environment is associated with a higher propensity to hold debt, primarily because a given level of collateral is associated with higher prevalence and larger amounts of mortgage debt in the United States.
Quantitative Easing and Bank Risk Taking: Evidence from Lending
Authors: KANDRAC JOHN , SCHLUSCHE BERND 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe empirically test early monetary theories in which reserve creation plays a crucial role in the transmission of quantitative easing (QE). Analyzing the unprecedented injection of reserves across several Federal Reserve QE programs, we demonstrate a causal effect of bank‐level reserve accumulation on lending and risk‐taking activity. To overcome the endogeneity of bank‐level reserve increases to banks' other portfolio decisions, we employ instruments made available by a regulatory change that strongly influenced the distribution of reserves in the banking system. Consistent with the theory, we document that reserve creation leads to higher total loan growth and increased risk taking.
Disagreeing during Deflations
Authors: BANERJEE RYAN , MEHROTRA AARON 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe examine inflation forecast disagreement during periods of deflation. Using a large cross‐country data set of professional forecasters’ expectations, we show that the relationship between inflation outcomes and forecast disagreement is U‐shaped: disagreement rises with both positive and negative inflation outcomes. We show that information frictions do not explain rising disagreement in deflations and other macroeconomic factors that generally tend to correlate with forecast disagreement cannot fully explain its increase. Instead, our results are consistent with forecasters having heterogeneous views about the inflation process, with those in the left‐tail of the forecast distribution shifting downward during deflations. Econometric evidence indicates that such shifts have adverse consequences for real activity.
Assessing the Gains from International Macroprudential Policy Cooperation
Authors: AGÉNOR PIERRE‐RICHARD , JACKSON TIMOTHY , KHARROUBI ENISSE , GAMBACORTA LEONARDO , LOMBARDO GIOVANNI , SILVA LUIZ A. PEREIRA DA 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study the effects of coordinated and noncoordinated macroprudential policies in a core–periphery model that emphasizes the role of international financial centers. After documenting empirically the existence of cross‐country macroprudential spillovers and policy interdependence, we derive a number of results. First, even absent financial frictions, self‐oriented policymakers attempt to manipulate asset prices to their advantage, resulting in higher long‐run capital taxes. Second, financial frictions generate a subsidization bias, as policymakers aim at eliminating the inefficiency wedge between the cost of capital and the deposit rate. Third, self‐oriented national policies imply insufficient subsidies in the long run and wider efficiency gaps in the short run, resulting in substantial gains from cooperation.
Accommodation or rejection? Teenagers’ experiences of tensions between traditional and new speakers of Irish
Authors: Coughlan Eileen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article analyses narratives presented by teenage Irish‐speakers about encounters between new speakers of Irish and locals in Gaeltacht (traditionally Irish‐speaking) areas. It demonstrates how two conflicting ideologies of legitimate language promoted by the state in the establishment and maintenance of Irish as ‘the national language’ alienate young new speakers of Irish and young Gaeltacht‐based Irish‐speakers from each other and from the language by construing the Gaeltacht as a resource for the nation, generating unrealistic expectations from new speakers and corresponding resentment from their Gaeltacht peers. The analysis of this case contributes to wider debates about the impact of language revitalisation policies on young people, and explores the tension that may arise between the aim of increasing the number of a language's speakers and the desire to retain its traditional functions in the communities where it has been best maintained.