bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanodroplet-Benzalkonium Chloride Formulation Demonstrates In Vitro and Ex- Vivo Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity Against SARS-CoV-2 and other Enveloped Viruses
Authors: Pannu Jessie , Ciotti Susan , Ganesan Shyamala , Arida George , Costley Chad , Fattom Ali 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of aerosolized droplets inhaled into the nose in the transmission of respiratory viral disease. Inactivating pathogenic viruses at the nasal port of entry may reduce viral loads, thereby reducing infection, transmission and spread. In this communication, we demonstrate safe and broad anti-viral activity of oil-in-water nanoemulsion (nanodroplet) formulation containing the potent antiseptic 0.13% Benzalkonium Chloride (NE-BZK). Results: We have demonstrated that NE-BZK exhibits broad-spectrum, long-lasting antiviral activity with >99.9% in vitro killing of enveloped viruses including SARS-CoV-2, human coronavirus, RSV, and influenza B. In vitro and ex-vivo studies demonstrated continued killing of >99.99% of human coronavirus with diluted NE-BZK and persistent for 8 hours post application, respectively. The repeated application of NE-BZK, twice daily for 2 weeks into rabbit nostrils demonstrated its safety with no nasal irritation. These findings demonstrate that formulating BZK into the proprietary nanodroplets offers a safe and effective antiviral and a significant addition to strategies to combat the spread of respiratory viral infectious diseases.
Maternal-Fetal Immune Responses in Pregnant Women Infected with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Garcia-Flores Valeria , Romero Roberto , Xu Yi , Theis Kevin , Arenas-Hernandez Marcia , Miller Derek , Peyvandipour Azam , Galaz Jose , Levenson Dustyn , Bhatti Gaurav , Gershater Meyer , Pusod Errile , Kracht David , Florova Violetta , Leng Yaozhu , Tao Li , Faucett Megan , Para Robert , Hsu Chaur-Dong , Zhang Gary , Tarca Adi , Pique-Regi Roger , Gomez-Lopez Nardhy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pregnant women are a high-risk population for severe/critical COVID-19 and mortality. However, the maternal-fetal immune responses initiated by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and whether this virus is detectable in the placenta, are still under investigation. Herein, we report that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy primarily induced specific maternal inflammatory responses in the circulation and at the maternal-fetal interface, the latter being governed by T cells and macrophages. SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy was also associated with a cytokine response in the fetal circulation (i.e. umbilical cord blood) without compromising the cellular immune repertoire. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infection neither altered fetal cellular immune responses in the placenta nor induced elevated cord blood levels of IgM. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in the placental tissues, nor was the sterility of the placenta compromised by maternal viral infection. This study provides insight into the maternal-fetal immune responses triggered by SARS-CoV-2 and further emphasizes the rarity of placental infection.
Brick Strex – A Robust Device Built of LEGO® Bricks for Mechanical Manipulation of Cells
Authors: Mäntylä Elina , Ihalainen Teemu Olavi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cellular forces, mechanics and other physical factors are important co-regulators of normal cell and tissue physiology. These cues are often misregulated in diseases such as cancer, where altered tissue mechanics contribute to the disease progression. Furthermore, intercellular tensile and compressive force related signaling is highlighted in collective cell behavior during development. However, the mechanistic understanding on the role of physical forces in regulation of cellular physiology, including gene expression and signaling, is still lacking. This is partly because studies on the molecular mechanisms of force transmission require easily controllable experimental designs. These approaches should enable both easy mechanical manipulation of cells and, importantly, readouts ranging from microscopy imaging to biochemical assays. To achieve a robust solution for mechanical manipulation of cells, we developed devices built of LEGO® bricks allowing cell stretching and compression studies. By using these devices, we show that b-catenin responds differentially to epithelial monolayer stretching and compression, either localizing more to the cell nuclei or cell-cell junctions, respectively. In addition, we show that epithelial compression drives cytoplasmic retention and phosphorylation of transcription coregulator YAP1. We provide a complete part listing and video assembly instructions, allowing other researchers to build and use the devices in cellular mechanics -related studies.
Case characteristics, clinical data, and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Qom province, Iran: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Pourhoseingholi Mohamad Amin , Yousefi Hosein , Manesh Hassan Fatemi , Motahaver Nima Najafian , Heydari Zahra , Looha Mehdi Azizmohammad , Taraghikhah Nazanin , Yazdi Maryam , Salami Zahra , Moallemi Elmira , Adeli Seyed Hasan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) dates back to December 2019 in China. Iran has been one of the most virus inflicted countries of all in which the first case of the disease was declared on 19th February, 2020 in Qom city. The aim of this study was to report demographics, signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, therapeutic approaches, and outcomes.Methods: This observational cohort study was performed from 20th February 2020 to 20th July 2020. All patients were admitted due to WHO, CDC, and Iran’s National Guidelines. Their information was recorded in their medical files. Multivariable analysis was performed to assess demographics, signs and symptoms, paraclinical data, treatments, outcomes of disease, and finding the risk factors of death subject to COVID-19.Results: Of all 2468 participants, the mean age was 57.9±17.6 years and 56.8% of patients were male. The most significant comorbidities were seen among those who have Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus. Cough, Dyspnea, and Fever were the most frequent symptoms. 92.3% of patients received supplementary oxygen, 14.42% were admitted to ICU, and 17.2% died in hospital. The significant risk factors of death related to COVID-19 were ageing, male gender, HTN, CHF, CVA, CKD, increasing ESR, PT, WBC, liver function tests, and decreasing Oxygen saturation.Conclusion: Incontinent results in the case of COVID-19 outcomes and death-related risk factors attribute to marked differences in demographics and health care systems. The patients with hazardous risk factors must be detected urgently and monitored closely to save more lives.
The Effect of Modulation Frequency for Frequency Domain Diffuse Optic Tomography (FDDOT)
Authors: Kazanci Huseyin Ozgur 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, it was illustrated that extremely high frequency (EHF) Ka-band (26.5-40 GHz) modulated frequency domain diffuse optic tomography (FDDOT) biomedical optic imaging (BOI) modality is superior to the generally accepted 100 MHz modulation frequency case. The effect of modulation frequency was shown with reconstructed images for two different modulation frequency simulation cases. Ka EHF-band frequency range covers 26.5 - 40 GHz. In this simulation study 33 GHz modulation frequency was selected. Forward model problem photon fluencies were generated for 30 equally separated sequential phase delays. Each phase delay has different photon fluence distributions inside the imaging geometry. 3.1 cm grid sizes were set in the x, y, z cartesian grid coordinate system with 31×31×31 xyz grid elements. To test the advantage of EHF-band modulation frequency, inverse problem solution algorithm was done and inclusion images were reconstructed for each modulation frequency simulation case. Original inclusion was embedded inside the imaging geometry at (15-16, 15-16, 15-16) x, y, z coordinate system in the three-dimensional (3D) cubic spatial form. Homogenous tissue background photon absorption, scattering, and anisotropy coefficients were selected as µa = 0.1 cm-1, µs = 100 cm-1, and g = 0.9. Four sources and four detectors were placed on the back-reflection geometry. Forward model problem was built between sources, voxels, and detectors. Forward model problem photon fluencies were generated based on the diffusion equation (DE) approximation of the radiative transport equation (RTE) formula in the frequency domain. Original inclusion was reconstructed by simply applying mathematical pseudoinverse problem solution function. It was observed that, reconstructed inclusion image at the 33 GHz Ka-Band modulation frequency simulation case is superior to the reconstructed inclusion image at the 100 MHz modulation frequency simulation case. Since there are too many frequency selection opportunities, the best Ka-band frequency was selected to demonstrate here. Thus, 33 GHz and 100 MHz modulation frequencies were tested against each other. These two different electronic modulation frequencies were tested and compared with each other.
Spatio-temporal trends of hydrological components: the case of the Tafna basin (northwestern Algeria)
Authors: Mami Amina , Yebdri Djilali , Sauvage Sabine , Raimonet Mélanie , Miguel José 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Climate change is expected to increase in the future in the Mediterranean region, including Algeria. The Tafna basin, vulnerable to drought, is one of the most important catchments ensuring water self-sufficiency in northwestern Algeria. The objective of this study is to estimate the evolution of hydrological components of the Tafna basin, throughout 2020–2099, compared to the period 1981–2000. The SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), calibrated and validated on the Tafna basin with good Nash at the outlet 0.82, is applied to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of hydrological components over the basin throughout 2020–2099. The application is produced using a precipitation and temperature minimum/maximum of an ensemble of climate model outputs obtained from a combination of eight global climate models and two regional climate models of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment project. The results of this study show that the decrease of precipitation in January, on average −25%, ranged between −5% and −44% in the future period. This diminution affects all of the water components and fluxes of a watershed, namely, in descending order of impact: the river discharge causing a decrease −36%, the soil water available −31%, the evapotranspiration −30%, and the lateral flow −29%.
ADAMTS9-AS2: A Functional Long Non-coding RNA in Tumorigenesis
Authors: Xu Wen , Wang Bei , Cai Yuxuan , Chen Jinlan , Lv Xing , Guo Chong , Yuan Chengfu 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have been identified as novel molecular regulators
in cancers. LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 can mediate the occurrence and development of cancer through various
ways, such as regulating miRNAs, activating the classical signaling pathways in cancer, and so on, which have
been studied by many scholars. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of ADAMTS9-AS2 in
different human cancers.

Methods:
Through a systematic search of PubMed, lncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 mediated molecular mechanisms
in cancer are summarized inductively.

Results:
ADAMTS9-AS2 aberrantly expression in different cancers is closely related to cancer proliferation, invasion,
migration, and inhibition of apoptosis. The involvement of ADAMTS9-AS2 in DNA methylation, mediating
PI3K / Akt / mTOR signaling pathways, and regulating miRNAs and proteins, shows its significant potential
as a therapeutic cancer target.

Conclusion:
LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 can become a promising biomolecular marker and a therapeutic target for human cancer.
Recent Progress in Anticancer Agents Incorporating Pyrazole Scaffold
Authors: Mor Satbir , Khatri Mohini , punia Ravinder , Sindhu Suchita 
Published: March 2021

Abstract:
The search for new anticancer agents is considered a dynamic field of medicinal chemistry.
In recent years, the synthesis of compounds with anticancer potential has increased and a large number
of structurally varied compounds displaying potent anticancer activities have been published. Pyrazole
is an important biologically active scaffold that possesses nearly all types of biological activities.
The aim of this review is to collate literature work reported by researchers to provide an overview
on in vivo and in vitro anticancer activities of pyrazole based derivatives among the diverse biological
activities displayed by them and also to present recent efforts made on this heterocyclic moiety regarding
anticancer activities. This review has been driven by the increasing number of publications on
this issue, which have been reported in the literature since the end of the 20th century (from 1995-to
date).
Voxel-wise Functional Connectivity of the Default Mode Network in
Epilepsies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jiang Sisi , Li Hechun , Liu Linli , Yao Dezhong , Luo Cheng 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Default mode network (DMN) is recognized to be involved in generation and propagation of epileptic activities in various epilepsies. Converging evidence has suggested disturbed functional connectivity (FC) in epilepsies, which was inferred to be related to underlying pathological mechanisms. However, abnormal changes of FC in DMN revealed by different studies are controversial, which obscures the role of DMN in distinct epilepsies.

Objective:
The present work aims to investigate the voxel-wise FC in DMN across epilepsies.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted on 22 published articles before October 2020 indexed in PubMed and Web of Science. A meta-analysis with a random-effect model was performed using the effect-size signed differential mapping approach. Subgroup analyses were performed in three groups: idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), mixed temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and mixed focal epilepsy (FE) with different foci.

Results:
The meta-analysis suggested common decreased FC in mesial prefrontal cortices across different epilepsies. Additional decreased FC in posterior DMN was observed in IGE. The TLE showed decreased FC in temporal lobe regions and increased FC in dorsal posterior cingulate cortex. Interestingly, an opposite finding in ventral and dorsal middle frontal gyrus was observed in TLE. The FE demonstrated increased FC in cuneus.

Conclusion:
The current findings revealed both common and specific alterations of FC in DMN across different epilepsies, highlighting the contribution of these dysfunctions to epileptic activities and cognitive behaviors in patients. Furthermore, the current study provided powerful evidence to support DMN as a potential candidate for effective intervention in epilepsy.
Synthesis of Four Heterocyclic Drug Molecules Repurposed for COVID-19
Authors: Geetanjali  , Srivastava Richa , Singh Ram 
Published: March 2021

:
The research on the disease COVID-19 is an ongoing process since its outbreak as a pandemic.
The repurposing of existing approved drugs has received priority attention due to some promising
results obtained regarding COVID-19. In this article, some of the important chemical methodologies
adopted for the synthesis of umifenovir, (s)-cidofovir, ribavirin, and ruxolitinib have been discussed.
The repurposing of these approved drugs has received priority attention due to some promising
results obtained regarding COVID-19 and some drugs are under more therapeutic trials. This manuscript
has highlighted the synthetic strategies of four heterocyclic-based approved drugs, umifenovir,
(s)-cidofovir, ribavirin, and ruxolitinib, repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19.
THE ROLE OF CONTEMPORARY LEADERSHIP AT THE LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE STUDENT ASSOCIATION IN THE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES, UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
Authors: Qois Zaidan Abdurrahman , Rahmi Rahmi 
Published: March 2021

Introduction/Main Objectives: Leadership is important in enabling a person and a nation to improve and advance. Background Problems: Leadership is not something that everyone seeks, especially in youth. The youth leadership crisis can be seen from the lack of students who want to become chairpersons in university extracurricular activities. Novelty: This research makes a three-fold contribution. First, this study presents an analysis of the ‘Evolving Leadership Practices Assessment’ quizzes (Olson and Singer, 2004) distributed by the Chairperson and Vice-chairperson of the Library Science Student Association (IMASIP) the Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia. Second, this study assesses the IMASIP FIB-UI Daily Management Board. This study also interviewed five informants with 12 closed-ended questions. Research Methods: This paper assesses youth leadership by using a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, with a case study approach. Finding/Results: Our result shows and supports the assumption that age and years of leadership will affect the scores obtained at IMASIP, which further research must examine. This research also suggests that the Daily Management Board's performance can be maintained by connection, contribution, and collaboration. Conclusion: The results identify efforts to build and improve leadership among students, including developing and increasing seminars and training in leadership to prepare students who have a role as the successors of the nation’s leadership.
The Effects of Collaborative Simulation on the Development of Students' Confidence in Managerial Accounting Skills
Authors: Ugrin Joseph C. , Odom Marcus D. , Honn Darla D. , Rose Anna M. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper examines the effects of practice through collaborative simulation on the development of students' confidence in critical managerial accounting skills not commonly covered in traditional lecture courses. We assign students to teams that complete a large-scale integrative business simulation (LSIBS), the CAPSIM Foundation's Business Strategy Simulation Game, which serves as a collaborative learning experience. The semester-long project requires students to practice the managerial accountant's job through phased assignments where they make individual assessments, collaborate to set strategies, make decisions that align with the strategies, and report on the results of the decisions. We use a quasi-experimental methodology to examine the efficacy of the project for improving students' confidence across a set of competencies defined by the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA). The findings show that using a collaborative simulation experience in a managerial accounting course can promote the development of students' confidence in critical managerial accounting skills.
Correlation of clinical profile toward oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS patients
Authors: Apriasari Maharani Laillyza , Aprilyani Nur , Carabelly Amy Nindia , Utami Juliyatin Putri 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) exhibits the capability to weaken human immune system. The infected subject will later be more susceptible to suffer from opportunistic diseases when the CD4 cell count is lesser than 200 cell/µL. Oral Thrush, periodontal disease and xerostomia are common oral manifestations in AIDS patient which initially indicate the presence of HIV infection. No research has been conducted to discuss the association between oral manifestation HIV/AIDS toward socio-demographic and clinical profile of the HIV/AIDS patients. Therefore, this study was aimed to analyse the association between oral manifestation HIV/AIDS toward socio-demographic and clinical profile of the HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: This was an analysis study with cross sectional design performed in 2019. The data of clinical profil of HIV AIDS patient and oral manifestation were obtained from secondary data of medical record.The 55 samples were taken with total sampling technique. Results: Chi-square test showed there was a significant correlation between number of CD4 with candidiasis, oral thrush and periodontal disease. There was a significant correlation between duration of ARV therapy and candidiasis, oral thrush (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a correlation between the number of CD4 cells and the duration of ARV treatment on candidiasis,oral thrush, periodontal disease and xerostomia.
Aplikasi Pupuk Fosfor terhadap Pertumbuhan, Hasil Biji, dan Gula Brix Tanaman Sorgum
Authors: Suwardi FNU , Efendi Roy , Suriani FNU 
Published: March 2021

Kondisi lahan yang kering dan kesuburan tanah yang rendah menjadi permasalahan utama dalam pengembangan sorgum sebagai bahan pangan, pakan dan bahan baku industri (ethanol). Pemberian pupuk fospor (P) diharapkan dapat meningkatkan biomas batang, volume nira, kadar brix dan biji sorgum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai dosis pemberian pupuk P terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil, kadar gula brix dan biomas beberapa varietas sorgum. Penelitian di laksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia, Maros Sulawesi Selatan. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam percobaan ini adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) tiga ulangan dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah varietas (Super 1, Super 2 dan Numbu). Faktor kedua adalah penambahan pupuk tunggal Posfor (P) : P1= tanpa pupuk fosfor, P2= 25 kg/ha pupuk P, P3= 50 kg/ha pupuk P, P4= 75 kg/ha pupuk P, P5= 100 kg/ha pupuk P dan P6= 125 kg/ha pupuk P. Dosis pupuk acuan yang digunakan adalah 120 kg/ha N, 36 kg/ha P (P2O5) dan 90 kg/ha KCl (K2O). Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam Anova, apabila berpengaruh nyata dilakukan uji lanjut Duncan dengan taraf kesalahan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian pupuk P dosis 50 kg/ha menghasilkan panen biji tertinggi pada varietas Super 1 (2.73 t/ha), Numbu (1.93 t/ha) dan pupuk P dengan dosis 25 kg/ha menghasilkan bobot panen tertinggi pada varietas Super 2 (3.76 t/ha). Kadar gula brix tertinggi diperoleh pada varietas Super 1 dosis P 100 kg/ha (12.95%), Super 2 dosis P 125 kg/ha (15.61%) dan Numbu dosis P 125 kg/ha (14.19%).
Efek Kombinasi Biochar dan Mikoriza pada Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung Pulut Ungu (Zea mays L. var ceratina Kulesh) Tanah Inseptisol Reuleut
Authors: AG Rosnina , Syafani Agung , Supraja Adam , Ardiyanti Betry 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi biochar dan pemberian mikoriza pada tanah inseptisol dalam pengembangan tanaman jagung pulut ungu/Dark purple waxy corn (Zea mays L. var ceratina Kulesh). Pada penelitian ini digunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial 3 ulangan yang terdiri dari faktor pemberian biochar (B) terdiri dari 0 t/ha, 2 t/ha, 4 t/ha dan faktor mikoriza (M) 0 t/ha, 0.35 t/ha, 0.65 t/ha. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis secara statistik dan apabila berpengaruh nyata dan sangat nyata, maka dilakukan uji lanjut dengan menggunakan Duncan (DMRT). Aplikasi biochar sebagai pembenah tanah yang dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik tanah yang dikombinasikan dengan pemberian fungi mikoriza dan pupuk hayati pada lahan inseptisol dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan tinggi tanaman. Pertumbuhan jagung tertinggi diperoleh pada dosis biochar 2 t/ha. Seiring dengan meningkatnya dosis pupuk biokompos+mikoriza terdapat penurunan tinggi dan kandungan klorofil tanaman jagung pada tanah inseptisol Reuleut.