bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation and Analysis of Solar Flares that Cause Large-area Short-wave Communication Interruption
Authors: Kangpo Zhou , youtian Niu , weina Liu , zhaodi Wang , songhao Guo , bei Li , xiukun Zhao , zhe Wang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
When a solar flare erupts, the sun emits a flood of X-rays and high-energy particles that reach Earth at the speed of light, causing a sudden ionospheric disturbance event (SID event). The D layer of the ionosphere absorbs high-frequency radio signals. With the increase of flare intensity, the D layer's absorption capacity becomes stronger, which leads to the decline of shortwave communication quality and even the interruption of shortwave communication. In this paper, solar flares, which caused large area short-wave communication interruption in recent years, are observed and analyzed by very low frequency (VLF) method, and the influence of solar flares on short-wave communication is summarized. Finally, several methods to deal with the short-wave communication interruption caused by solar flares are proposed.
Convection-Permitting Regional Climate Simulations Over Tibetan Plateau: Re-Initialization Versus Spectral Nudging
Authors: Ma Mengnan , Hui Pinhong , Liu Dongqing , Zhou Peifeng , Tang Jianping 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Two regional climate simulation experiments (spectral nudging and re-initialization) at convection-permitting scale are conducted using the WRF model over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The surface air temperature (T2m) and the precipitation in summer during 2016–2018 are evaluated against the in-situ station observations and the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) dataset. The results show that both experiments can successfully capture the spatial distribution and the daily variation of T2m and precipitation, with reasonable cold bias for temperature, dry bias for precipitation when compared with the station observations. In addition, the diurnal cycle of precipitation is investigated, indicating that both experiments tend to simulate the afternoon precipitation in advance and postpone the night precipitation. The precipitation bias is reduced by using the spectral nudging technique, especially at night and early morning. Possible causes for the differences between the two experiments are also analyzed. The daytime surface net radiation contributes a lot to the cold biases in the re-initialization experiment, and the stronger low-level moisture flux convergence leads to the wet biases. These results can provide valuable guidance for further fine-scale simulation studies over the TP.
Prenatal Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Exposure Impaired Proliferation of Neuronal Progenitor, Leading to Motor, Cognition, Social and Behavioral Functions
Authors: Tran Dinh Nam , Park Seon-Mi , Jung Eui-Man , Jeung Eui-Bae 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cyclic siloxane octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) used widely in detergent products, cosmetics, and personal care products. Recently, robust toxicological data for D4 has been reported, but the adverse effects of D4 on brain development are unknown. Here, pregnant mice on a gestational day 9.5 were treated daily with D4 to postnatal day 28, and the offspring mice were studied. The prenatal D4-treated mice exhibited cognitive dysfunction, limited memory, and motor learning defect. Moreover, prenatal D4 exposure reduced the proliferation of neuronal progenitors in the offspring mouse brain. Next, the mechanism(s) through which D4 regulated the cell cycle was investigated. Aberrant gene expression, such as cyclin-dependent kinases CDK6 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27, was found in the prenatal D4-treated mice. Furthermore, estrogen receptor ERa and ERb increased in the brain of prenatal D4-treated mice. Overall, these findings suggest that D4 exerts estrogen activity that affects the cell cycle progression of neuronal progenitor cells during neurodevelopment, which may be associated with cognitive deficits in offspring.
Using an Online Nominal Group Technique to Determine Key Implementation Factors for COVID-19 Vaccination Programmes in Community Pharmacies
Authors: Michel Dorothee Elsbeth , Iqbal Ayesha , Faehrmann Laura , Tadić Ivana , Paulino Ema , Chen Timothy F , Moullin Joanna C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: One vital strategy to fight the COVID-19 pandemic is the rapid roll-out of vaccination programmes. In a number of countries pharmacists are joining the vaccination programme workforce, including plans to involve community pharmacies in the process. Objectives: (1) to determine key implementation factors for rapid roll-out of COVID-19 vaccination programmes in European community pharmacies and (2) to test an online approach of the nominal group technique (NGT) to generate ideas and reach consensus to achieve the first aim. Setting: In February 2021, during a workshop at the 12th Working Conference of the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE). Methods: An online nominal group technique workshop over 10 hours was conducted. Identified implementation factors were mapped to the Framework for the Implementation of Services in Pharmacy (FISpH) and assessed in terms of importance and changeability.Main outcome measure: Consensus of key implementation factors.Results: In total, 85 implementation factors were identified. The top 3 factors were the same for both criteria: (Regular) Staff training on correct vaccination procedure / to perform hands-on injection technique; Training in basic life support / first aid (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation), and; Definition of process, roles and responsibilities in the team. Conclusion: An online NGT process enabled international collaboration in gathering diverse perspectives on the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination programmes in a time and cost-efficient manner. The process was effective in identifying implementation factors and finding solutions. Online NGT processes may be suitable for other implementation problems, not only during a pandemic.
Anti-Holley detected in a primary immune response
Authors: Barrett V.J. , O’Brien M.M. , Moulds J.J. , Spruell P. , Jackson V. , Stubbs J.R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Anti-Holley (Hy) has been reported as an IgG antibody occurring in previously transfused or multiparous black patients. In this case anti- Hy was identified in a 16-year-old black, primigravida female admitted at 32 weeks gestation because of premature rupture of the membranes. On admission, her blood type was determined to be A2B, D-positive and an antibody screen was negative. A second antibody screen, performed 4 days later, was positive in all three cells. Anti-Hy was subsequently identified. The antibody was reactive at room temperature, 37°C, and in the antiglobulin phase. IgG and IgM components of anti-Hy were demonstrated in the maternal serum, documenting a primary immune response. This resulted in serologic findings not previously described for anti-Hy. A direct antiglobulin test on the newborn red cells was negative and there was no clinical evidence of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). A monocyte monolayer assay performed with maternal serum yielded negative results. Recent scientific information has resulted in the placement of Hy in the Dombrock blood group system. Alloantibodies to Dombrock system antigens have not been associated with severe HDN.
Immunohematology
1996;12:62–65.
The second example of Lu:-7 phenotype: serology and immunochemical studies
Authors: Reid M.E. , Hoffer J. , Øyen R. , Tossas E. , Sadjadi M. , Messina G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We describe the second example of red blood cells (RBCs) with the Lu:–7 phenotype in a 37-year-old Latino female (SA). Her RBCs were nonreactive with anti-Lu7 (Mrs. GA) but were reactive with all other antibodies to high-prevalence antigens tested, including those in the Lutheran blood group system. No Lu:–7 RBCs were available for testing. SA’s serum was nonreactive by the indirect antiglobulin test against (1) recessive and dominant Lu(a–b–) RBCs and (2) trypsin-treated or α-chymotrypsin-treated RBCs of common phenotype. By immunoblotting, eluates containing anti-Lu7 from both Mrs. GA and SA reacted with apparently the same bands in RBC membranes of common phenotype as did human anti-Lub, reacted weakly with Lu(a–b–) RBCs of the dominant type, and were nonreactive with SA’s RBC membranes. These findings raise the Lu7 antigen from its Lutheran-related (para-Lutheran) status to a bona fide member of the Lutheran blood group system.
Immunohematology
1996;12:66–68.
Transfusion-associated circulatory overload in orthopedic surgery patients: a multi-institutional study
Authors: Popovsky M.A. , Audet A.M. , Andrzejewski C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Although recognized as a serious complication of hemotherapy, few data are available on the incidence of transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO). Detailed demographic and clinical information was obtained from records of 382 Medicare patients undergoing total hip or knee replacements (and receiving transfusions) from January 1992 to December 1993 at five Massachusetts hospitals. Seventy-eight percent of the patients were women with a mean age of 77 years. Thirty-two percent had co-morbidities including myocardial or coronary disease. Transfusion-related complications and comorbidities were identified and reviewed by transfusion experts. Patients were excluded from consideration if non-transfusion factors such as myocardial disease could have contributed to the development of acute pulmonary edema. Four (3 females, 1 male) patients (1.05%) developed TACO postoperatively. Mean age of these patients was 84 years (range, 75–101) versus 77 years for non-TACO. The mean intraoperative estimated blood loss was 375 mL. Each patient received only 1–2 units of red blood cells prior to onset of TACO, and in two cases only autologous blood was used. The mean positive fluid balance was 2,480 mL. The mean pretransfusion hematocrit prior to circulatory overload (CO) was 26.0 percent. symptoms were reversed with diuretics. Length of stay was significantly prolonged by these incidents. TACO is a frequent and serious event in an orthopedic surgical setting. It is associated with advanced age, increased health care costs, and may occur in the setting of modest transfusion volumes. The utilization of conservative transfusion criteria and fluid management in the perioperative setting may decrease the incidence of this complication in this population.
Immunohematology
1996;12:87–89.
Case report: rapid onset of severe anemia in childhood. A systematic approach to laboratory diagnosis
Authors: Chambers L.A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Evaluation of a patient prompted the systematic review of causes of abrupt onset anemia in children and the development of a protocol for the immunohematologic workup of such cases. The patient, a 3-year-old boy, presented to our institution two weeks following a viral illness with gross hematuria, jaundice, and severe anemia (hematocrit 14.5%). He was found to have a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) due to primarily complement sensitization (2+) with smaller amounts of IgG (weak). A nonspecific cold agglutinin, anti-P1, and a hemolytic biphasic Donath-Landsteiner antibody were demonstrated in his serum, and he was diagnosed with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH). The hemolytic anemia resolved with packed red cell transfusions, intravenous immune globulin, and steroid treatment. It was concluded that a complete immunohematologic evaluation, including a DAT, cold agglutinin, and Donath-Landsteiner antibody tests, is pivotal to prompt and accurate assessment of the cause of an abrupt onset of severe anemia in children.
A second example of anti-Esa, an antibody to a high-incidence Cromer antigen
Authors: Reid M.E. , Marfoe R.A. , Mueller A.L. , Arndt P.A. , Sausais L. , Spruell P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A blood sample contained an antibody to a high-incidence antigen that reacted with all red blood cells (RBCs) tested by the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT). The antibody reacted with papain-, ficin-, and trypsin-treated RBCs, but not with α-chymotrypsin-treated RBCs. This pattern of reactivity suggested the possibility that the antibody was recognizing an antigen in the Cromer blood group system. Tests against RBCs deficient in decay-accelerating factor (which carries the Cromer antigens) were weakly positive. Tests with antibodies to high-incidence Cromer antigens and with RBCs lacking high-incidence Cromer antigens led to identification of the second example of anti-Esa in an Es(a-) person. The antibody was IgGl and reacted by the IAT to a titer of 64. The monocyte monolayer assay indicated potential clinical significance of this antibody in relation to transfusion.
A case of hydrops fetalis, probably due to antibodies directed against antigenic determinants of GP.Mur (Miltenberger class III) cells
Authors: Lin C.K. , Mak K.H. , Yuen C.M.Y. , Chan N.K. , Liu H.W. , Cheng G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The GP.Mur (Miltenberger class III) phenotype was found to occur in about 6.3 percent of Hong Kong (HK) Chinese blood donors. The incidence of antibodies directed against antigenic determinants of GP.Mur cells (anti-Mi) among patients was 0.34 percent, similar to that in Taiwan Chinese. A case of hydrops fetalis probably attributable to maternal anti-Mi was encountered in an HK Chinese woman during her sixth pregnancy. The anti-Mi was potent (titer 512, score 99). It fixed complement and was a mixture of IgG1 and IgG3. Two biological assays, the monocyte monolayer assay and the chemiluminescence test, were strongly positive. The father was found to be heterozygous for the GP.Mur gene.
Analysis of the routine use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an enhancement medium
Authors: Barrett V.J. , Stubbs J.R. , Stuardi K. , Hollis A. , Clear L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study compared the performance of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and low-ionic saline solutions (USS) as enhancement media for routine use in a large transfusion service, A PEG additive solution (PEG plus LISS) was compared to a LISS additive (LISS plus polymers) and to an albumin-indirect antiglobulin test (A-IAT). Fifty serum samples containing clinically significant alloantibodies and fifty samples without alloantibodies were tested. Following an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR) involving an anti-K that was not detected with LISS but was retrospectively found to be reactive with PEG, an additional 151 samples received for antibody screening were prospectively evaluated in parallel using PEG and LISS. PEG detected all clinically significant antibodies in the 50 previously tested samples, with mean reactivity scores greater than LISS or A-IAT. In the prospective study, PEG detected 35 clinically significant antibodies and 10 clinically insignificant antibodies, while LISS detected only 15 clinically significant antibodies and 33 clinically insignificant antibodies. PEG appears to increase detection of significant antibodies while decreasing detection of insignificant antibodies. PEG was therefore substituted for LISS as an enhancement medium and has been in routine use for 12 months, with no reported acute or anamnestic HTRs in 6,353 transfusions.
Case report: anti-Cra in pregnancy
Authors: Dickson A.C. , Guest C. , Jordon M. , Banks J. , Kumpel B.M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A 39-year-oId Grenadian multiparous patient presented in the 12th week of pregnancy. Her red cells were found to have the rare Cr(a-) (ISBT Number 202001) phenotype within the Cromer complex, and her serum contained anti-Cra. To date, anti-Cra has not been implicated in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), but there are very few published reports on this topic. This case provided an excellent opportunity for study. The patient’s serum showed no detectable functional activity in in vitro antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays, and no increase in the strength of the antibody during the pregnancy. The newborn infant showed no clinical signs of HDN, and was of normal weight. This case study suggests that anti-Cra is not implicated in HDN.
The first example of anti-Gya detected in Hong Kong
Authors: Mak K.H. , Lin C.K. , Ford D.S. , Cheng G. , Yuen C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The incidence of anti-Gya is known to be extremely rare, and only a few examples have been reported in Japanese persons and in Caucasians. This case history reports the first example of ant?-Gya detected in a Chinese person. The propositus is an 83-year-old male patient whose anti-Gya was revealed because of incompatibility of all units of blood tested by a saline indirect antiglobulin test (SIAT). Although the antibody had a titer of 512 by SIAT, 10 units of Gy(a+) red cells were transfused without any adverse effect.
Flow cytometric phenotyping of platelet HPA-1a antigen: donor screening for a case of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to anti-HPA-1a antibodies
Authors: Hoffmann J.J.M.L. , Janssen W.C.M. , von Hegedus H.Y. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia can effectively be treated by transfusing compatible platelets to the affected newborn, but typed, compatible platelets are not generally available. For a case of probable neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to anti-HPA-1a, part of the donor population of the regional blood bank was phenotyped to find HPA-1a-negative platelets. A flow cytometric technique was used, which is reliable, rapid, and relatively simple and therefore well suited for large-scale screening. Using this method, several HPA-1a-negative donors were identified, and one of them donated platelets that were successfully transfused to the thrombocytopenic newborn.
Immunohematology
1995;11:125–128.
An improved method for removal of red cell-bound immunoglobulin using chloroquine solution
Authors: Beaumont A.E. , Stamps R. , Booker D.J. , Sokol R.J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In some patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia or hemolytic disease of the newborn, the red cells are so heavily coated with immunoglobulin that phenotyping cannot be carried out unless the antibody is removed without destroying the red cell antigens. Studies were performed initially to determine the optimum conditions for removal of immunoglobulin from red blood cells (RBCs) using chloroquine. Group O, R1r RBCs were coated with serial dilutions of anti-D; aliquots were incubated in chloroquine diphosphate (CDP) solution (200 g/L, pH 5.0) at 18°C, 25°C, 30°C, and 37°C, and tested by the antiglobulin technique at intervals of 30 minutes for up to 2 hours, the results being expressed as titration scores. These studies showed that antibody removal was much more efficient at 30°C and 37°C than at 18°C or 25°C. A further series of experiments was then carried out to assess the effect of chloroquine on red cell antigenicity. A 5 percent suspension of RBCs heterozygous for C, D, and E antigens, and for Kell, Duffy, and Kidd antigens, was incubated at 30°C and at 37°C in chloroquine solution. Aliquots were removed at 30-minute intervals for up to 2 hours, tested with serial dilutions of the appropriate antisera, and titration scores obtained. The antigens were well preserved after two hours of chloroquine treatment at 30°C. However, when treatment was performed at 37°C, antigenicity had markedly deteriorated by 60 minutes, although the antigens were still reasonably well preserved (except for Jkb) at 30 minutes. It is therefore recommended that treatment with chloroquine solution prior to typing RBCs heavily coated with antibody should be carried out for 90 minutes at 30°C or for not more than 30 minutes at 37°C.
Immunohematology
1994;10:22.
Penerapan Algoritma Floyd Warshall pada Sistem Informasi Puskesmas Kabupaten Karanganyar
Authors: Vulandari Retno Tri , Hasbi Muhammad , Tristanto Bayu 
Published: May 2021

Karanganyar adalah sebuah Kabupaten yang berada di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Kabupaten Karanganyar mempunyai Pusat Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama yaitu 21 puskesmas yang tersebar di beberapa kelurahan untuk menjangkau masyarakat sebagai sarana kesehatan tingkat pertama. Masyarakat khususnya para pendatang baru yang belum mengetahui lokasi puskesmas di Kabupaten Karanganyar hal ini akan menjadi kendala, sebab luasnya wilayah, lalu lintas yang padat bagi yang belum hafal rute di daerah Kabupaten Karanganyar akan menimbulkan kebingungan untuk menentukan rute perjalanan menuju puskesmas karena tidak tersedia visualisasi tempat, jarak antara puskesmas yang akan dilalui. Maka akan dicari cara untuk membantu mencari lokasi puskesmas di Kabupaten Karanganyar supaya informasi yang di cari lebih cepat di dapat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempermudah menemukan dimana letak lokasi puskesmas itu berada dan mampu mempermudah dan memberi akses pada masyarakat yang membutuhkan pencarian lokasi puskesmas di Kabupaten Karanganyar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam pembuatan sistem ini adalah algoritma Floyd-Warshall, dan membutuhkan data melalui pengambilan data dari Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Karanganyar dan observasi langsung mengunakan bantuan media internet serta implementasi ini menggunakan php, MySql server, web, domain dan hosting sebagai sarana pembuatan sistem. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa rute terdekat yang terhubung dengan Map Google, yaitu informasi letak lokasi puskesmas dan node-node yang tersebar di Kabupaten Karanganyar yang dapat dimanfaatkan masyarakat dalam mencari lokasi puskesmas di Kabupaten Karanganyar.Kata kunci: sistem informasi puskesmas, algoritma Floyd Warshall, rute terdekat.
Evaluation of physicochemical and trace metal qualities of rainwater in the south-eastern region of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossen Md. Arif , Hoque Asiful , Salauddin M. , Pal Sudip Kumar , Muktadir Mohammad Golam , Jahan Hasin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe chemical characteristics of rainwater in the south-eastern region of Bangladesh were investigated in this study in addition to identifying the potential sources of different precipitation constituents, which have often been unexplored or not well covered in the literature. Rainwater pH, major ions and trace metals were measured in samples collected from five different locations with different land-use patterns of the Chattogram Metropolitan area (CMA) during two rainy seasons. The results of this study showed variability in rainwater quality across the sites signifying site-specific influences. The mean concentration of all measured physicochemical parameters, ions and trace metals in rainwater samples was also found to be significantly lower compared with the drinking water quality standard of Bangladesh and WHO guidelines. The correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that and originated from anthropogenic sources, while the average concentration of trace metals found in rainwater was exhibited in the following order: Zn&gt;Cu&gt;Fe&gt;Cr&gt;Mn&gt;Pb&gt;Cd. The findings of this study could be used as a reference to further investigate the influences of industrial, urban and agricultural emissions that regulate the chemical characteristics of the atmosphere in particular areas of study.