bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of narasin or virginiamycin on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing and finishing pigs
Authors: Linneen Sara K , Arentson Roger A , Chewning J Jeffrey , Carr Scott N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of narasin (NAR; Skycis®; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) or virginiamycin (VIR; Stafac®; Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ) on finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics. Two separate experiments were conducted at the same site in 2013 and 2014. A total of 576 pigs (initial BW = 23.2 ± 0.19 kg) were housed in 24 pens with 8 pigs per pen in Exp. 1. In Exp. 2, a total of 888 pigs (initial BW = 26.2 ± 0.12 kg) were housed in 39 pens with 8 pigs per pen. Treatments consisted of a series of unmedicated corn–soybean meal diets (CON), CON + NAR (15 mg/kg), or CON + VIR (11 mg/kg) fed for 108 d (Exp. 1) or 109 d (Exp. 2). Pen was the experimental unit in both studies. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with the main effects of block and treatment (Exp. 1) and as an incomplete block design with the fixed effect of treatment and the random effects of barn and barn within block (Exp. 2). In Exp.1, NAR and VIR increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG and ADFI from days 0 to 28, and BW on days 28, 56, 76, and 97 as compared to pigs fed CON. During days 0–28, pigs fed NAR had a greater (P &lt; 0.05) G:F than those fed CON or VIR. Also, during days 28–56 pigs fed VIR had a greater (P &lt; 0.05) ADFI than pigs fed CON. Pigs fed NAR or VIR had greater (P &lt; 0.05) carcass yield than those fed CON. In Exp.2, feeding NAR increased (P &lt; 0.05) pig BW from days 54 through 96 compared to pigs fed CON or VIR. No differences (P &gt; 0.05) in ADG were detected between pigs fed VIR and CON through the first 74 day, but ADG of pigs fed VIR was similar to (P &gt; 0.05) those fed NAR from days 26 to 54. From day 0 to 109, NAR improved ADG compared to pigs fed VIR, which also had similar gain to those consuming CON (P = 0.04). Feed efficiency was similar between pigs fed NAR and VIR with pigs fed CON intermediate (P = 0.05). Pigs fed NAR had a greater (P &lt; 0.05) HCW and loin depth than those fed CON or VIR. A subtherapeutic dose of VIR showed improvements in growth performance that were similar to NAR in one experiment. Although there were differences in the magnitude of growth and carcass effects of NAR between the two studies, pigs fed NAR showed at least a tendency to have greater G:F and in some cases increased carcass weight and yield compared to pigs consuming nonmedicated feed.
Unraveling hydrogen sulfide-promoted lateral root development and growth in mangrove plant Kandelia obovata: insight into regulatory mechanism by TMT-based quantitative proteomic approaches
Authors: Li Huan , Ghoto Kabir , Wei Ming-Yue , Gao Chang-Hao , Liu Yi-Ling , Ma Dong-Na , Zheng Hai-Lei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mangroves are the main intertidal ecosystems with varieties of root types along the tropical and subtropical coastlines around the world. The typical characteristics of mangrove habitats, including the abundant organic matter and nutrients, as well as the strong reductive environment, are favor for the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S, as a pivotal signaling molecule, has been evidenced in a wide variety of plant physiological and developmental processes. However, whether H2S functions in the mangrove root system establishment is not clear yet. Here, we reported the possible role of H2S in regulation of Kandelia obovata root development and growth by tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic approaches coupled with bioinformatic methods. The results showed that H2S could induce the root morphogenesis of K. obovata in a dose-dependent manner. The proteomic results successfully identified 8075 proteins, and 697 were determined as differentially expressed proteins. Based on the functional enrichment analysis, we demonstrated that H2S could promote the lateral root development and growth by predominantly regulating the proteins associated with carbohydrate metabolism, sulfur metabolism, glutathione metabolism and other antioxidant associated proteins. In addition, transcriptional regulation and brassinosteroid signal transduction associated proteins also act as important roles in lateral root development. The protein–protein interaction analysis further unravels a complicated regulation network of carbohydrate metabolism, cellular redox homeostasis, protein metabolism, secondary metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in H2S-promoted root development and growth of K. obovata. Overall, our results revealed that H2S could contribute to the morphogenesis of the unique root system of mangrove plant K. obovata, and play a positive role in the adaption of mangrove plants to intertidal habitats.
Is asthma a risk factor for coronavirus disease-2019 worse outcomes? The answer is no, but …
Authors: Franco Priscila A. , Jezler Sergio , Cruz Alvaro A. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose of review
To search for evidence on whether having asthma increases the risk of poor outcomes of COVID-19 and report on recommendations on optimal asthma management in times of COVID-19.

Recent findings
Patients with asthma are neither at greater risk of becoming infected by SARS-CoV-2 nor they are at risk of complications of COVID-19 but those requiring frequent use of oral corticosteroid may be at greater risk.

Summary
In general, patients with asthma are not at risk of COVID-19 morbidity or mortality. On the contrary, patients with asthma may be at lower risk of hospitalizations during the COVID-19 pandemic. This may be related to asthma and its treatment, to patient's behavior, to the health system, and to collective changes in activities. It is likely that reduction in respiratory infections because of social distancing, face masks, and hand washing have a role in the reduction in asthma hospitalizations. Management of asthma in times of COVID-19 must be optimized, medication have to be used regularly and exacerbations detected early. Systemic corticosteroids may be used for control of severe asthma or severe exacerbations. Patient education on an action plan is crucial, as well as facilitating communications with the healthcare team.
Low Back Pain in Young Sports Players
Authors: Yabe Yutaka , Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Sekiguchi Takuya , Momma Haruki , Tsuchiya Masahiro , Kanazawa Kenji , Yoshida Shinichirou , Sogi Yasuhito , Onoki Takahiro , Suzuki Kazuaki , Takahashi Tadahisa , Itoi Eiji , Nagatomi Ryoichi 
Published: February 2021

Study Design.
A cross-sectional study.

Objective.
The purpose of this large cohort study was to assess the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among young players participating in several types of sports.

Summary of Background Data.
LBP is a significant problem among young sports players. Sport discipline among young players is thought to be associated with LBP. However, similar previous studies did not specifically analyze LBP by age and sex.

Methods.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with young sports players (ages 6–15 years, n = 7277) using a self-reported questionnaire. The prevalence of LBP was assessed using the variables of age, sex, and sport discipline.

Results.
The point prevalence of LBP among young sports players was 5.0%. The participants between 6 and 8 years’ old had the lowest prevalence of LBP (0.4%–1.3%), which increased with aging and reached the highest proportion of 13.5% to 14.8% at 13 to 14 years. Furthermore, female players had significantly higher proportions of LBP than male players (8.1% vs. 3.7%). Regarding sport discipline, the prevalence of LBP was higher in basketball, handball, and volleyball.

Conclusion.
The prevalence of LBP among young sports players was different for age, sex, and sport discipline. Further studies are needed to clarify the association of sport-specific movements to LBP in each sport discipline. This may assist in developing programs or strategies for preventing LBP among young sports players.

Level of Evidence: 3
State of Gender Diversity and Equity Policies within Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery in Canada
Authors: Retrouvey Helene , Jakubowski Josephine , Lipa Joan E. , Forrest Christopher , Snell Laura 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Given the growing number of women in plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS), it is imperative to evaluate the extent of gender diversity and equity policies among Canadian PRS programs to support female trainees and staff surgeons.

Methods:
A modified version of the United Nations Women’s Empowerment Principles (WEPs) Gender Gap Analysis tool was delivered to Canadian PRS Division Chairs (n = 11) and Residency Program Directors (n = 11). The survey assessed gender discrimination and equity policies, paid parental leave policies, and support for work/life balance.

Results:
Six Program Directors (55% response rate) and ten Division Chairs (91% response rate) completed the survey. Fifty percent of respondents reported having a formal gender non-discrimination and equal opportunity policy in their program or division. Eighty-three percent of PRS residency programs offered paid maternity/paternity/caregiver leave; however, only 29% offered financial or non-financial support to its staff surgeons. Only 33% of programs had approaches to support residents as parents and/or caregivers upon return to work. Work/life balance was supported for most trainees (67%) but only few faculty members (14%).

Conclusions:
The majority of Canadian PRS programs have approaches rather than formal policies to ensure gender non-discrimination and equal opportunity among residents and faculty. Although residency programs support wellness, few have approaches for trainees as parents and/or caregivers upon return to work. At the faculty level, approaches and policies lack support for maternity/paternity/caregiver leave or work/life balance. This information can be used to develop policy for support of plastic surgery trainees and faculty.
The Internal Oblique Muscle Flap with Synthetic Mesh Reinforcement for a Large, Contaminated Abdominal Wall Defect
Authors: Watanabe Shiho , Sakuma Hisashi , Kono Hikaru , Shimono Ayano , Matsuura Naoki 
Published: February 2021

Summary:
We report a case of a large mediocaudal abdominal defect in contaminated circumstances with no residual rectus abdominis muscle that was reconstructed using an internal oblique muscle flap with large-pore polypropylene mesh reinforcement. The internal oblique muscle flap can reconstruct the lower abdominal midline without leaving any additional conspicuous scar. Previous studies showed that large-pore polypropylene mesh in contaminated wounds has a minimal difference in terms of infection rate, and less frequent occurrence of hernia, compared even with biological meshes. We believe that this method could be a strong and cosmetically satisfying option for large mediocaudal abdominal wall reconstruction.
Innovative CAD/CAM Guide for Mandibular Reconstruction with Metallic Condylar Head and Free Fibular Flap
Authors: Yamochi Ryo , Numajiri Toshiaki , Nakamura Hiroko , Morita Daiki , Sowa Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2021

Summary:
In reconstructions of mandibles and condyles, free fibular flaps and metallic condylar heads (CH) are often used after resection. However, in conventional reconstructions, it is difficult to fix the metallic CH on the same preoperative position because the position is determined visually. Therefore, we have made an original computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) guide for mandibular condyle reconstruction, combining a metallic CH with a free fibular flap. A 71-year-old woman with gingival carcinoma underwent hemimandibulectomy. We reconstructed the mandible and condyle with a metallic CH and a free fibular flap. We placed a mark on the CAD/CAM guide showing the correct position for fixing the CH to the fibular blocks. We also designed a surface for attaching to the healthy edge of the mandible. The fibular blocks and metallic CH were fixed as 1 unit before separating the flap from the leg and replacing the diseased tissue. Reconstruction was completed by fixing the attachment surface to the healthy side of the mandible. The guide marks solved the difficulty of conventional reconstruction; during surgery, we fixed the metallic CH to the same position as the original bone using these marks. The postoperative deviation of the condyle from the virtual plan was 4.3 mm, whereas the reported deviation of such prostheses was 3.8 mm (range 1.3–6.7); so our guide was acceptably accurate. Furthermore, it appears that the CAD/CAM guide is more useful for reconstruction after hemimandibulectomy including the condyle than after segmental resection without including condyle.
Second Generation Radiofrequency Body Contouring Device: Safety and Efficacy in 300 Local Anesthesia Liposuction Cases
Authors: Chia Christopher T. , Marte Joseph A. , Ulvila Derek D. , Theodorou Spero J. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Suction-assisted lipectomy has undergone significant improvements in technique, outcomes, and safety. The local anesthetic option has an excellent safety profile, and energy-based modalities such as radiofrequency-assisted liposuction (RFAL) devices were developed to enhance soft-tissue contraction. The purpose of this study was to report a single center’s experience with two surgeons using the second-generation RFAL device compared with the first-generation device in terms of safety and efficacy.

Methods:
In total, 300 consecutive operations were performed under local anesthesia. Following tumescent injection, the RFAL device was used to heat the skin and underlying collagen network. Subsequently, areas to be contoured were followed with suction-assisted lipectomy to remove excess fat and fluid.

Results:
An estimated 300 operations were performed on 240 patients in 421 anatomic areas. Treated areas included the face, trunk, and extremities. The average maximum temperatures were 38.6°C externally and 65.6°C internally. The average total and fat aspirate volumes were 1264 and 648 mL. There were no major complications or mortalities, and 3 minor complications treated locally.

Conclusions:
The data indicated statistically significant lower proportions of major, minor, or cumulative complications compared with the patients who received first-generation RFAL treatment. Major complications were exhibited for 6.25% of the first-generation group and 0% for the second-generation group. The first-generation group exhibited 8.3% minor complications, with 0.7% in the second-generation group. In sum, the data from the second-generation series of RFAL device operations indicate a statistically, as well as clinically, significant reduction in the overall complication rates compared with the first-generation device.
Accuracy of Soft Tissue Prediction of 2 Virtual Planning Systems in Patients Undergoing Intraoral Quadrangular Le Fort II Osteotomy
Authors: Willinger Katrin , Guevara-Rojas Godoberto , Cede Julia , Schicho Kurt , Stamm Tanja , Klug Clemens 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Virtual surgical planning (VSP) is state of the art in routine clinical work. Visualization of soft tissue changes adds important information for surgical planning. The aim of this study was to evaluate accuracy of soft tissue prediction of 2 VSP systems in patients undergoing an intraoral quadrangular Le Fort II osteotomy.

Methods:
VSP was performed with the software application IPS Case Designer (IPS) and Dolphin Imaging 11.95 (DOL) in bone and soft tissue structure. Distances were measured at the 3 levels of the face at the infraorbital rim, the sinus floor, and the lateral incisor level with 2 VSP systems (DOL and IPS).

Results:
A convenience sample of 19 patients was included in the study with a mean age of 21.9 years. From cranial to caudal, mean differences between simulation and postintervention data were as follows: infraorbital rim level: DOL and ST0: mean difference: 2.90 mm; IPS and ST0: 1.70 mm; sinus floor level: DOL and ST0: mean difference: 3.57 mm; IPS and ST0: 1.34 mm; and lateral incisor level: DOL and ST0: mean difference: 2.48 mm; IPS and ST0: 2.25 mm.

Conclusions:
Generally, both VSP systems are suitable for planning an intraoral quadrangular Le Fort II osteotomy. Especially in the infraorbital region, improvement of the algorithm is required for trustworthy prediction of soft tissue changes.
Associations of biogeographic ancestry with hypertension traits
Authors: Keaton Jacob M. , Hellwege Jacklyn N. , Giri Ayush , Torstenson Eric S. , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Sun Yan V. , Wilson Peter W.F. , O’Donnell Christopher J. , Edwards Todd L. , Hung Adriana M. , Velez Edwards Digna R. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:
Ethnic disparities in hypertension prevalence are well documented, though the influence of genetic ancestry is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations of geographic genetic ancestry with hypertension and underlying blood pressure traits.

Methods:
We tested genetically inferred ancestry proportions from five 1000 Genomes reference populations (GBR, PEL, YRI, CHB, and LWK) for association with four continuous blood pressure (BP) traits (SBP, DBP, PP, MAP) and the dichotomous outcomes hypertension and apparent treatment-resistant hypertension in 220 495 European American, 59 927 African American, and 21 273 Hispanic American individuals from the Million Veteran Program. Ethnicity stratified results were meta-analyzed to report effect estimates per 10% difference for a given ancestry proportion in all samples.

Results:
Percentage GBR was negatively associated with BP (P = 2.13 × 10−19, 7.92 × 10−8, 4.41 × 10−11, and 3.57 × 10−13 for SBP, DBP, PP, and MAP, respectively; coefficient range −0.10 to −0.21 mmHg per 10% increase in ancestry proportion) and was protective against hypertension [P = 2.59 × 10−5, odds ratio (OR) = 0.98] relative to other ancestries. YRI percentage was positively associated with BP (P = 1.63 × 10−23, 1.94 × 10−26, 0.012, and 3.26 × 10−29 for SBP, DBP, PP, and MAP, respectively; coefficient range 0.06–0.32 mmHg per 10% increase in ancestry proportion) and was positively associated with hypertension risk (P = 3.10 × 10−11, OR = 1.04) and apparent treatment-resistant hypertension risk (P = 1.86 × 10−4, OR = 1.04) compared with other ancestries. Percentage PEL was inversely associated with DBP (P = 2.84 × 10−5, beta = −0.11 mmHg per 10% increase in ancestry proportion).

Conclusion:
These results demonstrate that risk for BP traits varies significantly by genetic ancestry. Our findings provide insight into the geographic origin of genetic factors underlying hypertension risk and establish that a portion of BP trait ethnic disparities are because of genetic differences between ancestries.
Gadolinium Concentrations in Biological Matrices From Patients Exposed to Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents
Authors: Layne Kerry A. , Raja Kishor , Dargan Paul I. , Wood David M. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives
There is increasing evidence that Gd may be retained within the skin, bones, and solid organs in patients with normal renal function after exposure to Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs). Here we present clinical data from 19 patients who requested referral to our clinical toxicology service for assessment of potential “Gd toxicity.”

Materials and Methods
Patients had undergone a median of 2 (interquartile range [IQR], 1–5) exposures to GBCAs and were reviewed at a median of 5 months (IQR, 2–8 months) after the last GBCA exposure. Patients had a clinical assessment by a clinical toxicologist, and biological samples were taken in 17 patients (89.5%). Gd concentrations were measured in these samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Results
All patients had significant comorbidities, and after an extensive clinical review, none of the reported symptoms were considered likely to be related to “Gd toxicity.” Whole blood, plasma, and urine samples had detectable Gd concentrations in 69.2%, 78.6%, and 95.2% of samples, respectively. Median (IQR) concentrations of Gd were as follows: whole blood, 0.013 ng/mL (IQR, limit of detection [LOD]–0.884 ng/mL); plasma, 0.012 ng/mL (IQR, LOD–0.046 ng/mL); and spot urine, 0.304 μg/g creatinine (IQR, 0.070–3.702 μg/g creatinine). There were positive correlations between whole blood and plasma (P = 0.0024, r = 0.84), whole blood and urine (P = 0.0018, r = 0.82), and plasma and urine (P = 0.0001, r = 0.89) Gd concentrations. There was a negative correlation between Gd concentrations and the period after exposure for whole blood (P = 0.0028, r = −0.80), plasma (P = 0.0004, r = −0.86), and urine (P < 0.0001, r = −0.91).

Conclusions
We identified detectable Gd concentrations in biological matrices from all patients reporting exposure to GBCAs who were reviewed in our clinical toxicology outpatient clinic with concerns regarding potential “Gd toxicity”; however, there were no clinical features of toxicity present in this cohort. Further research is required to explore the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GBCAs in patients with normal renal function and to determine the clinical significance of these detectable Gd concentrations.
Tolosa–Hunt Syndrome Misdiagnosed as Surgical Complication After Frontal Balloon Sinuplasty
Authors: Lee Ki-Il , Park Joong Su , Lee Seon-Min , In Seung Min 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Tolosa–Hunt syndrome (THS) is a rare benign disease caused by granulomatous inflammation in the craniofacial region. It is mostly idiopathic and generally presents with painful ophthalmoplegia, ipsilateral oculomotor paresis, and steroid responsiveness. There are few reports of THS after sinus surgery. Here, we present a case of THS in an adult immunocompetent patient with severe ophthalmic pain and diplopia after frontal balloon sinuplasty. The patient was initially misdiagnosed as having a surgical complication. The patient was treated with massive corticosteroid pulse therapy, and the symptoms resolved dramatically. There were no complications or recurrence in the 7-month follow-up period.
Simplified Postoperative Care After Spring-assisted Strip Craniotomy for Sagittal Synostosis: A Prospective Before-and-After Study
Authors: Malmqvist Carina , Paganini Anna , Johansson Lotta , Maltese Giovanni , Tarnow Peter , Olsson Robert , Kölby Lars , Rylander Christian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Since the development of spring-assisted techniques for corrective craniofacial surgery, routine postoperative admission to intensive care units (ICUs) has been questioned. However, close monitoring is necessary if the continuous infusion of morphine is used as recommended for better pain relief. In this study, the authors evaluated a simplified postoperative protocol without continuous morphine infusion and no indwelling urinary catheter following spring-assisted surgery (SAS) for sagittal synostosis. Ten children were cared for according to a standard protocol with postoperative intravenous (i.v.) infusion of morphine and an indwelling urinary catheter, and 11 consecutive children were treated according to a simplified protocol with pain relief based on intermittent injections of morphine and clonidine [according to Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scores >4] without the indwelling catheter. A Mann−Whitney U test was used for comparison of distributions between the two groups. The results revealed no differences between groups regarding the proportion of FLACC scores >4, total amount of administered i.v. morphine and clonidine, total volume of buffered glucose infused, time to first feeding on breast milk or substitute, or the length of stay. Despite the inherent limitations of our small observational study, the authors concluded that at our institution, it was possible to exclude a standard continuous i.v. infusion of morphine and an indwelling urinary catheter from our postoperative care protocol without decreasing the quality of pain relief in children submitted to SAS for sagittal synostosis. This finding supports downgrading the level of care from the ICU to a regular ward after limited immediate postoperative observation.