bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Premature Mortality Attributable to COVID-19: Potential Years of Life Lost in 17 Countries Around the World, January-August 2020
Authors: Ugarte Maider Pagola , Achilleos Souzana , Quattrocchi Annalisa , Gabel John , Kolokotroni Ourania , Constantinou Constantina , Nicolaou Nicoletta , Rodriguez-Llanes Jose-Manuel , Huang Qian , Verstiuk Olesia , Pidmurniak Nataliia , Tao Jennifer Wenjing , Burström Bo , Klepac Petra , Erzen Ivan , Chong Mario , Barron Manuel , Hagen Terje Per , Kalmatayeva Zhanna , Davletov Kairat , Zucker Inbar , Kaufman Zalman , Kereselidze Maia , Kandelaki Levan , Meur Nolwenn Le , Goldsmith Lucy , Critchley Julia , Pinilla Maria Angelica , Jaramillo Gloria Isabel , Teixeira Domingos , Goméz Lara Ferrero , Lobato Jackeline , Araújo Carolina , Cuthbertson Joseph , Bennett Catherine M , Polemitis Antonis , Charalambous Andreas , Demetriou Christiana A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundUnderstanding the impact of the burden of COVID-19 is key to successfully navigating the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of a larger investigation on COVID-19 mortality impact, this study aims to estimate the Potential Years of Live Lost (PYLL) in 17 countries and territories across the world (Australia, Brazil, Cape Verde, Colombia, Cyprus, France, Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Peru, Norway, England & Wales, Scotland, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, and the United States).MethodsAge- and sex-specific COVID-19 death numbers from primary national sources were collected by an international research consortium. The study period was established based on the availability of data from the inception of the pandemic to the end of August 2020. The PYLL for each country were computed using 80 years as the maximum life expectancy.ResultsAs of August 2020, 442,677 (range: 18-185,083) deaths attributed to COVID-19 were recorded in 17 countries which translated to4,210,654 (range: 112-1,554,225)PYLL. The average PYLL per death was 8.7 years, with substantial variation ranging from 2.7 years in Australia to 19.3 PYLL in Ukraine.North and South American countries as well as England & Wales, Scotland and Sweden experienced the highest PYLL per 100,000 population; whereas Australia, Slovenia and Georgia experienced the lowest.Overall, males experienced higher PYLL rate and higher PYLL per death than females. In most countries, most of the PYLL were observed for people aged over 60 or 65 years, irrespective of sex.Yet, Brazil, Cape Verde, Colombia, Israel, Peru, Scotland, Ukraine, and the USA concentrated most PYLL in younger age groups.ConclusionsOur results highlight the potential of PYLL as a tool to understand the impact of COVID-19 on demographic groups within and across countries, guiding preventive measures to protect these groups under the ongoing pandemic. Continuous monitoring of PYLL is therefore needed to better understand the burden of COVID-19 in terms of premature mortality.
Tocilizumab Treatment Reduces Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Saliaj  , Li BCCCP BCPS PharmD Matthew , Rizzo  , Nassar  , Nso  , Idrees Zarwa , Medina Luis A. , Novikov Anastasia , Yaghi Salim , Cuevas Francisco J. , Salafia  , Razaki BCPS PharmD Hamid , Berman Charles , Sachmechi Issac , Trandafirescu Theo , Brennessel Debra , Martin George T. , Mantis Jazila 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aims This study aimed to investigate the potential of tocilizumab therapy in minimizing mortality and mechanical ventilation (MV) requirements among hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Methods A single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study of 375 patients with severe COVID-19 (March 1 and April 22, 2020) included 150 patients treated with Tocilizumab and 225 consecutive control patients adjusted for age and gender. Both groups received concomitant standard of care treatments in addition to Tocilizumab. The statistical methods relied on survival analyses, conditional logistic regression models, and contingency analyses. The primary outcomes included in-hospital mortality and the MV requirement.Results Tocilizumab associated with improved in-hospital mortality (34.7% vs 46.7%, P = 0.0136) and lower requirement for MV on days 1, 3, and 5 after treatment (P = 0.005, P < 0.0001, and P = 0.0021, respectively). Lower mortality was observed if tocilizumab was administered within 48 hours after admission (P = 0.0226). Older age and low blood oxygen saturation on admission decreased the odds of survival (P < 0.005).Conclusion Our study demonstrates a significant reduction in mortality and decreased requirement of MV with tocilizumab treatment in addition to the standard of care. Early administration of Tocilizumab within 48 hours reduces the risk of mortality.
The rise and fall of Alpha and Beta variants of SARS-CoV2 in Finland in spring of 2021
Authors: Kant Ravi , Nguyen Phuoc Truong , Blomqvist Soile , Erdin Mert , Alburkat Hussein , Suvanto Maija , Zakham Fathiah , Salminen Veera , Olander Viktor , Paloniemi Minna , Huhti Leena , Lehtinen Sara , Luukinen Bruno , Jarva Hanna , Kallio-Kokko Hannimari , Kurkela Satu , Lappalainen Maija , Liimatainen Hanna , Hannula Sari , Halkilahti Jani , Ikonen Jonna , Ikonen Niina , Helve Otto , Gunell Marianne , Vuorinen Tytti , Plyusnin Ilya , Lindh Erika , Ellonen Pekka , Sironen Tarja , Savolainen-Kopra Carita , Smura Teemu , Vapalahti Olli 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Two SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern, Alpha (~ 80%) and Beta (~ 23%) rapidly became dominant in Finland in the spring of 2021 but diminished near summer. To assess their temporal epidemiological dynamics among Finnish cases, we began large-scale sequencing efforts to identify spreading events and sources via phylogenetic clustering analyses. The results show the majority belonged to clusters spreading in the community while few sequenced samples were singletons. The results highlight the importance of surveillance and preventative policies in controlling the epidemic.
Spatial Estimation of Soil Erosion Using RUSLE Modeling: the Case of kaffa Zone, South western Ethiopia
Authors: Anteneh Mesfin , Biru Dereje 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This research was administered to spatially predict the soil loss rate of kaffa zone using model estimate and GIS. Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) adapted to Ethiopian conditions was accustomed estimate potential soil losses by utilizing information on rainfall erosivity (R) using interpolation of rainfall data, soil erodibility (K) using DSMW soil map, vegetation cover (C) using Sentinel-2A satellite images, topography (LS) using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and conservation practices (P ) using DEM and satellite images. supported the analysis, the mean and total annual soil loss potential of the study area was 30 tons ha-1 year-1 and 36264.5tons ha-1 year-1, respectively. The result also showed that about 2.89, 8.02, 15.31 and 73.78% of the study area were classified a slight, moderate, high and very high with values ranging 0 to 15 ,15 to50,50 to 200, and > 200 tons ha-1 year-1, respectively. The study demonstrates that the RUSLE using GIS and RS provides great advantage to spatially analyze multi-layer of knowledge. The expected amount of soil loss and its spatial distribution could facilitate sustainable land use and management.
Study on multi-objective optimization of X12M steel milling process by reference ideal method
Authors: Nguyen Lam Khanh 
Published: July 2021

For all machining cutting methods, surface roughness is a parameter that greatly affects the working ability and life of machine elements. Cutting force is a parameter that not only affects the quality of the machining surface but also affects the durability of cutter and the level of energy consumed during machining. Besides, material removal rate (MRR) is a parameter that reflects machining productivity. Workpiece surface machining with small surface roughness, small cutting force and large MRR is desirable of most machining methods. Milling is a popular machining method in the machine building industry. This is considered to be one of the most productive machining methods, capable of machining many different types of surfaces. With the development of the cutting tool and machine tool manufacturing industries, this method is increasingly guaranteed with high precision, sometimes used as the final finishing method. Milling using a face milling cutter is more productive than using a cylindrical cutter because there are multiple cutter s involved at the same time. This article presents a study of multi-objective optimization of milling process using a face milling cutter. The experimental material used in this study is X12M steel. Taguchi method has been applied to design an orthogonal experimental matrix with 27 experiments (L27). In which, five parameters have been selected as the input parameters of the experimental process including insert material, tool nose radius, cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth. The Reference Ideal Method (RIM) is applied to determine the value of input parameters to ensure minimum surface roughness, minimum cutting force and maximum MRR. Influence of the input parameters on output parameters is also discussed in this study
Development of a method for assessment and forecasting of the radio electronic environment
Authors: Sova Oleg , Shyshatskyi Andrii , Salnikova Olha , Zhuk Oleksandr , Trotsko Oleksandr , Hrokholskyi Yaroslav 
Published: July 2021

Decision making support systems (DSS) are actively used in all spheres of human life. The system of the electronic environment analysis is not an exception. However, there are a number of problems in the analysis of the electronic environment, for example: the signals are analyzed in a complex electronic environment against the background of intentional and natural interference. Input signals do not match the standards, and their interpretation depends on the experience of the operator (expert), the completeness of additional information on a particular task (uncertainty condition). The best solution in this situation is found in the integration with the data of the information system analysis of the electronic environment, artificial neural networks and fuzzy cognitive models. Their advantages are also the ability to work in real time and quick adaptation to specific situations. The article develops a method for assessing and forecasting the electronic environment.
Improving the efficiency of evaluation information processing is achieved through the use of evolving neuro-fuzzy artificial neural networks; learning not only the synaptic weights of the artificial neural network, the type and parameters of the membership function. The efficiency of information processing is also achieved through training in the architecture of artificial neural networks; taking into account the type of uncertainty of the information that has to be assessed; synthesis of rational structure of fuzzy cognitive model. It reduces the computational complexity of decision-making; has no accumulation of learning error of artificial neural networks as a result of processing the information coming to the input of artificial neural networks. The example of assessing the state of the electronic environment showed an increase in the efficiency of assessment at the level of 15–25 % on the efficiency of information processing
No Association of MicroRNA-146a rs2910164 Polymorphism and Risk of Primary Gout Development in Chinese Han Populations: A Case-control Study
Authors: Qing Yu-Feng , Zhang Quan-Bo , Dai Fei , Huang Yu-Qin , Zheng Jian-Xiong , Tang Yi-Ping , Dong Zeng-Rong , Wang Shun-Bing 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Previous studies demonstrated that MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a) plays an
important role in the regulation of autoinflammatory diseases including primary gout. The G/C polymorphism
(rs2910164) in the precursor sequence of miR-146a caused its stem region to change
from G: U to C: U,which can contribute to the susceptibility of human diseases. However, no genetic
relevance studies of miR-146a gene polymorphisms to gout have been reported by now.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between the miR-146a
rs2910164 genetic polymorphism and the susceptibility of the Chinese Han population to primary
gout.

Method:
1130 Chinese Han participants (including 606 primary gout patients and 524 gender and
age-matched healthy control subjects) were recruited and the 5'exonuclease TaqMan® technology
was used to perform miR-146a rs2910164 genotyping.

Result:
After statistical analysis, no significant differences were observed between gout patients
and healthy controls in genotype and allele frequency.

Conclusion:
Our results indicate that there is no evidence for the involvement of the miR-146a
rs2910164 polymorphisms in susceptibility to primary gout in the Chinese Han population.
New Key-Dependent S-Box Generation Algorithm on AES
Authors: Das Proteeti , Munshi Najmul Hoque , Maitra Subhasis 
Published: July 2021

Aims:
Cryptography means 'hidden secrets'. The primary purpose of cryptography is to protect
networks and data over a wireless communication channel. The cryptographic approach secures the
data of a network from any internal or external attacks.

Background:
There are several kinds of cryptographic techniques, such as Data Encryption Standard
(DES), RSA (Rivest- Shamir- Adleman), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Blowfish, Twofish,
etc. Out of these algorithms, AES shows wide acceptance for its superiority in providing confidentiality
to secret information. Another cause for extensive acceptance is that AES is simple, convenient to implement,
has a low charge, and higher security. Several changes have been proposed to modify AES by
cryptographers and researchers all around the world.

Objective:
This research paper offers a new key-dependent s-box generation algorithm for AES.

Methods:
A list of irreducible polynomials of degree 8 is used to generate the s-box depending on the
secret key to provide more invulnerable ciphertext in comparison to standard AES. This design of this
proposed model is easy and convenient to implement than different dynamic s-box technology algorithms.

Results :
The metrics chosen for overall performance evaluation are Frequency Distribution, Chi-square
Test, Avalanche Effect, and Strict Avalanche Criterion.

Conclusion:
The proposed algorithm satisfies the desired property of these metrics and provides better
security in contrast to standard AES.
Review on the Development of Jute Polyethylene Nanocomposites as a
Function of Fiber Chemical Treatments
Authors: Hossen Md. Faruk , Asraf Md. Ali , Kudrat-E-Zahan Md. , Zakaria Choudhary M. 
Published: July 2021

:
The research on jute fiber reinforced polymer composites is an emergent concern with the
development of new materials due to their significant properties like economical, partially biodegradable,
and environment friendly. It is wondered that the hydrophilic nature of jute fiber negatively affects
the interfacial interaction with hydrophobic polymeric materials in the composite, which then affects
the resultant mechanical, microstructural and physico-chemical absorption properties. In order to overcome
this fact, researchers have carried out some techniques for fiber surface chemical treatments. On
the other hand, due to the low processing costs and design flexibility, thermoplastics deal many benefits
over thermoset polymers, and polyethylene shows excellent processing behaviors such as low density,
low cost, considerable flex life, outstanding surface hardness, scratch resistance and good electrical
insulator. Besides the traditional thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers, montmorillonite
nanoclay is also receiving attention to manufacturing fiber polymer nanocomposites for industrial and
household applications as well. This review is considered to highlight the progress of jute fiber reinforced
polymer nanocomposites. The study also focuses on the several features of jute polymer composites
and nanocomposites as a function of fiber chemical treatments.
Design and Analysis of Novel Non-Reversible & Reversible Parity Generator
and Detector in Quantum Cellular Automata using Feynman Gate
Authors: Tripathi Neeraj , Fazili Mohammad Mudakir , Jahangir Rahil 
Published: July 2021

Aim:
A novel design for non-reversible as well as reversible parity generator and detector in
Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology is presented in this research article. Parity generator
and detector circuits are reliable error-checking components of a nano-communication system.

Objective:
The main focus of this research is to design an ultra-low-power fault-tolerant reversible gate
implementation of the parity logic function in QCA. An efficient QCA design layout with minimal area,
less latency and the least energy dissipation is desired.

Methods:
The proposed designs are developed using Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology.
The circuits are optimized using majority gate reduction and clock zone reduction techniques. Also,
the cell-cell interaction technique is employed to further optimize the QCA circuit. To increase the
fault tolerance and ultra-low power operation, reversible QCA circuits are designed using cascaded
Feynman gates.

Results Conclusion:
The efficiency of the parity generator and detector is calculated to be more than
25% compared to existing QCA layouts. It is demonstrated in this paper that the proposed circuits perform
exceptionally well on every design parameter. The design parameters under consideration are cell
count, cell area, complexity, crossover count, latency and energy dissipation.

Conclusion:
Using reversible logic, a fault-tolerant and defect-sensitive circuit are developed for parity
generation and detection.
PENINGKATAN KADAR INSULIN TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI STREPTOZOTOSIN AKIBAT PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL BATANG BROTOWALI (Tinospora crispa L.)
Authors: Ashari Ayu - 
Published: July 2021

<p>Brotowali stems (<em>Tinospora crispa</em> L.) contain flavonoids which act as antioxidants and are expected to have the potential to reduce blood glucose levels and increase insulin levels in mice due to STZ induction. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of brotowali stem ethanol extract (EEBB) on insulin levels in STZ-induced male Wistar rats. Measurement of mouse insulin levels using the mouse insulin ELISA kit method. The results showed that the ethanol extract of brotowali rods at a dose of 450 mg / kgBW rats were significantly different (&lt;0.05) between the hyperglycemic control group and the EEBB treatment group showing an increase in the mean insulin levels of the rats after being given EEBB for 10 days. Brotowali stems can be used for the treatment of natural ingredients with flavonoid content.</p><p> </p>
POTENSI ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KADAR GULA DARAH PADA TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI STREPTOZOTOSIN
Authors: Wahyuni Tri 
Published: July 2021

<p>Diabetes melitus merupakan salah satu penyakit metabolisme yang ditandai dengan kondisi hiperglikemia yang diakibatkan oleh kurangnya insulin atau terjadinya resistensi insulin. Belimbing wuluh merupakan salah satu tanaman herbal yang mengandung antioksidan sehingga perlu dilakukan uji potensi antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh terhadap kadar gula darah. Metode yang digunakan yaitu penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan <em>pre-post test control group design</em> dengan 24 sampel tikus wistar jantan yang terbagi dalam 4 kelompok yaitu 2 kelompok kontrol (kelompok normal dan kelompok hiperglikemik) 1 kelompok pembanding (glibenklamid) dan 1 kelompok perlakuan (ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh). Ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh (<em>Averrhoa bilimbi</em> L.) dan glibenklamid mempunyai efek dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah pada tikus yang diinduksi streptozotosin yang dibuktikan dengan adanya perubahan rata-rata besar kadar gula darah tikus pre perlakuan glibenklamid sebesar 258,4117 mg/dL dan setelah perlakuan sebesar 126,4300 mg/dL dan perubahan rata-rata kadar gula darah pada pre ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh sebesar 257,7717 mg/dL dan setelah perlakuan sebesar 149,0933 mg/dL. Kapasitas antioksidan darah pada kelompok yang diberi glibenklamid dan kelompok yang diberi ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh menunjukkan nilai signifikansi 1,000 yang berarti tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok pembanding (glibenklamid) dengan kelompok perlakuan (ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh). Ada pengaruh potensi antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah tikus wistar jantan yang diinduksi streptozotosin. Kapasitas antioksidan darah pada kelompok yang diberi glibenklamid dan kelompok yang diberi ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh tidak berbeda signifikan jika dilihat secara statistik yang dapat dilihat dari angka signifikansinya yaitu 0,880.</p>
A Mobile Sensing App to Monitor Youth Mental Health: Observational Pilot Study
Authors: MacLeod Lucy , Suruliraj Banuchitra , Gall Dominik , Bessenyei Kitti , Hamm Sara , Romkey Isaac , Bagnell Alexa , Mattheisen Manuel , Muthukumaraswamy Viswanath , Orji Rita , Meier Sandra 
Published: July 2021

Background
Internalizing disorders are the most common psychiatric problems observed among youth in Canada. Sadly, youth with internalizing disorders often avoid seeking clinical help and rarely receive adequate treatment. Current methods of assessing internalizing disorders usually rely on subjective symptom ratings, but internalizing symptoms are frequently underreported, which creates a barrier to the accurate assessment of these symptoms in youth. Therefore, novel assessment tools that use objective data need to be developed to meet the highest standards of reliability, feasibility, scalability, and affordability. Mobile sensing technologies, which unobtrusively record aspects of youth behaviors in their daily lives with the potential to make inferences about their mental health states, offer a possible method of addressing this assessment barrier.

Objective
This study aims to explore whether passively collected smartphone sensor data can be used to predict internalizing symptoms among youth in Canada.

Methods
In this study, the youth participants (N=122) completed self-report assessments of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Next, the participants installed an app, which passively collected data about their mobility, screen time, sleep, and social interactions over 2 weeks. Then, we tested whether these passive sensor data could be used to predict internalizing symptoms among these youth participants.

Results
More severe depressive symptoms correlated with more time spent stationary (r=0.293; P=.003), less mobility (r=0.271; P=.006), higher light intensity during the night (r=0.227; P=.02), and fewer outgoing calls (r=−0.244; P=.03). In contrast, more severe anxiety symptoms correlated with less time spent stationary (r=−0.249; P=.01) and greater mobility (r=0.234; P=.02). In addition, youths with higher anxiety scores spent more time on the screen (r=0.203; P=.049). Finally, adding passively collected smartphone sensor data to the prediction models of internalizing symptoms significantly improved their fit.

Conclusions
Passively collected smartphone sensor data provide a useful way to monitor internalizing symptoms among youth. Although the results replicated findings from adult populations, to ensure clinical utility, they still need to be replicated in larger samples of youth. The work also highlights intervention opportunities via mobile technology to reduce the burden of internalizing symptoms early on.