bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin Rescued MCP-1-Suppressed Cholesterol Efflux to Large HDL2 Particles via ABCA1, ABCG1, SR-BI and PI3K/Akt Activation in Adipocytes
Authors: Sun Runlu , Fang Pu , Jiang Jieyu , Huang Canxia , Wang Junjie , Guo Qi , Li Hongwei , Wu Xiaoying , Xie Xiangkun , Jiang Yuan , Chen Qian , Bao Jinlan , Wang Jingfeng , Wang Hong , Zhang Yuling 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Intracellular cholesterol imbalance plays an important role in adipocyte dysfunction of obesity. However, it is unclear whether obesity induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) causes the adipocyte cholesterol imbalance. In this study, we hypothesize that MCP-1 impairs cholesterol efflux of adipocytes to HDL2 and insulin rescues this process.

Methods
We recruited coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with obesity and overweight to analyze the association between MCP-1 and HDL2-C by Pearson correlation coefficients. We performed [3H]-cholesterol efflux assay to demonstrate the effect of MCP-1 and insulin on cholesterol efflux from 3T3-L1 adipocytes to large HDL2 particles. Western blot, RT-qPCR, cell-surface protein assay, and confocal microscopy were performed to determine the regulatory mechanism.

Results
Plasma MCP-1 concentrations were negatively correlated with HDL2-C in CAD patients with obesity and overweight (r = −0.60, p < 0.001). In differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, MCP-1 reduced cholesterol efflux to large HDL2 particles by 55.4% via decreasing ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1), ABCG1, and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) expression. Intriguingly, insulin rescued MCP-1 mediated-inhibition of cholesterol efflux to HDL2 in an Akt phosphorylation-dependent manner. The rescue efficacy of insulin was 138.2% for HDL2. Moreover, insulin increased mRNA and protein expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI at both transcriptional and translational levels via the PI3K/Akt activation.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that MCP-1 impairs cholesterol efflux to large HDL2 particles in adipocytes, which is reversed by insulin via the upregulation of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI. Therefore, insulin might improve cholesterol imbalance by an anti-inflammatory effect in adipocytes. Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR2000033297; Date of registration: 2020/05/ 27; Retrospectively registered.
Exploring cross-national public support for the use of enhanced weathering as a land-based carbon dioxide removal strategy
Authors: Spence Elspeth , Cox Emily , Pidgeon Nick 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study explores how public attitudes across three countries influence support towards terrestrial enhanced weathering, whereby silicate minerals are applied to agricultural land to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. An online survey was administered in Australia (N = 1000), the UK (N = 1000), and the USA (N = 1026) where there are ongoing field trials of this technique. Findings are similar across all three countries with many participants unfamiliar with enhanced weathering and unsure about supporting the use of enhanced weathering. Results show that positive affect is the main predictor for support of this technique, along with perceived benefits and level of concern about climate change. Open-ended questions asking why respondents would or would not support the use of enhanced weathering elicit mainly affective concepts, with enhanced weathering seen by individual respondents as either something mainly positive or mainly negative, with others saying it sounds risky and/or would have impacts on the environment. The way in which enhanced weathering is communicated is likely to influence support of the use of this strategy so must be undertaken carefully. Overall, our findings show that it is imperative to continue to engage the public, thereby allowing their views to be incorporated as enhanced weathering technology develops over time.
What If We Look at the Body? An Embodied Perspective of Collaborative Learning
Authors: Ferreira Juliene Madureira 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe bodily experiences and implications of understanding the functioning of the human brain–body mechanism has been a center of attention in the field of cognitive neurosciences for over two decades. Research in this field has enlarged the theories of learning and development, and contributed to changes in educational practices involving language processing, mathematics, and spatial thinking; however, these changes have not yet been applied to the analysis of transversal competencies such as collaborative learning. The aim of this paper is to bridge the theoretical and applied advances in the field of embodied cognition, specifically collaborative learning. The definitions, theoretical frameworks, and current methodological approaches in the field of collaborative learning are reviewed, with a particular focus on those studies that have investigated interactive dynamics in collaborative situations. The need to take the field further by exploring the theoretical perspective of embodied cognition as a possibility that can open the field is also presented. The relevance of investigating learning in groups by analyzing bodily engagements and intersubjectivity is demonstrated and methodological considerations are raised.
Radiation effects on atherosclerosis in atomic bomb survivors: a cross‐sectional study using structural equation modeling
Authors: Nakamizo Tomoki , Cologne John , Cordova Kismet , Yamada Michiko , Takahashi Tetsuya , Misumi Munechika , Fujiwara Saeko , Matsumoto Masayasu , Kihara Yasuki , Hida Ayumi , Ohishi Waka 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPast reports indicated that total-body irradiation at low to moderate doses could be responsible for cardiovascular disease risks, but the mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between radiation exposure and atherosclerosis, an underlying pathology of cardiovascular diseases, in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors. We performed a cross-sectional study measuring 14 clinical-physiological atherosclerosis indicators during clinical exams from 2010 to 2014 in 3274 participants of the Adult Health Study cohort. Multivariable analyses were performed by using a structural equation model with latent factors representing underlying atherosclerotic pathologies: (1) arterial stiffness, (2) calcification, and (3) plaque　as measured with indicators chosen a priori on the basis of clinical-physiological knowledge. Radiation was linearly associated with calcification (standardized coefficient per Gy 0.15, 95 % confidence interval: CI [0.070, 0.23]) and plaque (0.11, 95 % CI [0.029, 0.20]), small associations that were comparable to about 2 years of aging per Gy of radiation exposure, but not with arterial stiffness (0.036, 95 % CI [− 0.025, 0.095]). The model fitted better and had narrower confidence intervals than separate ordinary regression models explaining individual indicators independently. The associations were less evident when the dose range was restricted to a maximum of 2 or 1 Gy. By combining individual clinical-physiological indicators that are correlated because of common, underlying atherosclerotic pathologies, we found a small, but significant association of radiation with atherosclerosis.
The Liar Without Relativism
Authors: Mankowitz Poppy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSome in the recent literature have claimed that a connection exists between the Liar paradox andsemantic relativism: the view that the truth values of certain occurrences of sentences depend on the contexts at which they are assessed. Sagi (Erkenntnis 82(4):913–928, 2017) argues that contextualist accounts of the Liar paradox are committed to relativism, and Rudnicki and Łukowski (Synthese 1–20, 2019) propose a new account that they classify as relativist. I argue that a full understanding of how relativism is conceived within theories of natural language shows that neither of the purported connections can be maintained. There is no reason why a solution to the Liar paradox needs to accept relativism.
How Real are Quantum States in $$\psi$$-Ontic Models?
Authors: Hermens R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is a longstanding debate on the metaphysical relation between quantum states and the systems they describe. A series of relatively recent $$\psi$$
ψ
-ontology theorems have been taken to show that, provided one accepts certain assumptions, “quantum states are real”. In this paper I investigate the question of what that claim might be taken to mean in light of these theorems. It is argued that, even if one accepts the framework and assumptions employed by such theorems, such a conclusion is not warranted. Specifically, I argue that when a so-called ontic state is taken to describe the properties of a system, the relation between this state and some quantum state as established by $$\psi$$
ψ
-ontology theorems, is not of the kind that would warrant counting the quantum state among these properties in any way.
Genome-wide diversity and structure variation among lablab [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet] accessions and their implication in a Forage breeding program
Authors: Sserumaga Julius Pyton , Kayondo Siraj Ismail , Kigozi Abasi , Kiggundu Muhammad , Namazzi Clementine , Walusimbi Kato , Bugeza James , Molly Allen , Mugerwa Swidiq 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMost orphan crops have not been fully sequenced, hence we rely on genome sequences of related species to align markers to different chromosomes. This hinders their utilisation in plant population improvement programs. Utilising the advances in the science of sequencing technologies, the population structure, relatedness, and genetic diversity among accessions can be assessed quickly for better exploitation in forage breeding programs. Using DArTseq technology, we studied the genetic and structural variation in 65 Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet conserved gene-bank accessions using 9320 DArTseq-based SNPs and 15,719 SilicoDart markers. These markers had a low discriminating ability with mean polymorphic information content (P.I.C.) of 0.14 with DArTseq-based SNPs and 0.13 with SilicoDart markers. However, the markers had a high mean call rate of 73% with DArTseq-based SNPs and 97% with SilicoDart markers. Analysis of molecular variance revealed a high within populations variance (99.4%), indicating a high gene exchange or low genetic differentiation (PhiPT = 0.0057) among the populations. Structure analysis showed three allelic pools in variable clusters of ΔK = 3 and 6. Phylogenetic tree of lablab accessions showed three main groups with variable membership coefficients. Most pairs of accessions (40.3%) had genetic distances between 0.10 and 0.15 for SilicoDart markers, while for DArTseq-based SNPs, (46.5%) had genetic distances between 0.20 and 0.25. Phylogenetic clustering and minimum spanning analysis divided the 65 accessions into three groups, irrespective of their origin. For the first time, this study produced high-density markers with good genom coverage. The utilisation of these accessions in a forage program will base on the information from molecular-based grouping. The outcomes uncovered the presence of noteworthy measure of variety in Uganda, CIAT and ILRI accessions, thus demonstrating an opportunity for further marker-trait-association studies.
Simulation of global distribution of rare earth elements in the ocean using an ocean general circulation model
Authors: Oka Akira , Tazoe Hirofumi , Obata Hajime 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, we report our ocean general circulation model simulations of the global distribution of rare earth elements (REEs) in the ocean. As previously reported (Oka et al. in Glob Biogeochem Cycles 23:1–16, 2009), the vertical profiles of REEs in the North Pacific Ocean are strongly controlled by the reversible scavenging process, and the systematic differences between REEs can be reproduced in the model by selecting an appropriate model parameter which controls affinity to particles. We here demonstrate that the external REE input from the coastal regions also plays a role in controlling the vertical profiles of dissolved REE and their inter-basin differences. The role of the external inputs is especially important for light REEs, such as neodymium (Nd). The linear increase in Nd concentration in the North Pacific Ocean cannot be sufficiently reproduced by the reversible scavenging alone; rather, a combination of the reversible scavenging and the external inputs is necessary. On the other hand, the distribution of heavy REEs, such as lutetium (Lu), can be broadly reproduced without the external inputs, suggesting that Lu has similarity with conservative nutrient-like tracer. When compared with REE observations compiled from both the recently obtained GEOTRACES dataset and pre-GEOTRACES reported data, our simulations successfully reproduced the overall features of these observations. Observational data suggested that the vertical profiles of REEs are not the same among the basins; our model simulations demonstrate that this feature can be clearly reproduced by considering both the reversible scavenging and the external REE inputs from the coastal regions.
Guided Self-help Teletherapy for Behavioural Difficulties in Children with Epilepsy
Authors: Bennett Sophie , Heyman Isobel , Varadkar Sophia , Coughtrey Anna , Walji Fahreen , Shafran Roz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBehavioural difficulties impact greatly upon quality of life for children with chronic illness and their families but are often not identified or adequately treated, possibly due to the separation of physical and mental health services. This case study describes the content and outcomes of guided self-help teletherapy for behavioural difficulties in a child with epilepsy and complex needs using an evidence-based behavioural parenting protocol delivered within a paediatric hospital setting. Behavioural difficulties and progress towards the family’s self-identified goals were monitored at each session. Validated measures of mental health and quality of life in children were completed before and after intervention and satisfaction was measured at the end of treatment. Measures demonstrated clear progress towards the family’s goals and reduction in weekly ratings of behavioural difficulties. This case demonstrates that a guided self-help teletherapy approach delivered from within the paediatric setting may be one way of meeting unmet need.
Detecting optimality and extracting solutions in polynomial optimization with the truncated GNS construction
Authors: Quijorna María López 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA basic closed semialgebraic subset of$${\mathbb {R}}^{n}$$Rnis defined by simultaneous polynomial inequalities$$p_{1}\ge 0,\ldots ,p_{m}\ge 0$$p1≥0,…,pm≥0. We consider Lasserre’s relaxation hierarchy to solve the problem of minimizing a polynomial over such a set. These relaxations give an increasing sequence of lower bounds of the infimum. In this paper we provide a new certificate for the optimal value of a Lasserre relaxation to be the optimal value of the polynomial optimization problem. This certificate is to check if a certain matrix has a generalized Hankel form. This certificate is more general than the already known certificate of an optimal solution being flat. In case we have detected optimality we will extract the potential minimizers with a truncated version of the Gelfand–Naimark–Segal construction on the optimal solution of the Lasserre relaxation. We prove also that the operators of this truncated construction commute if and only if the matrix of this modified optimal solution is a generalized Hankel matrix. This generalization of flatness will enable us to prove, with the use of the GNS truncated construction, a result of Curto and Fialkow on the existence of quadrature rule if the optimal solution is flat and a result of Xu and Mysovskikh on the existence of a Gaussian quadrature rule if the modified optimal solution is a generalized Hankel matrix . At the end, we provide a numerical linear algebraic algorithm for detecting optimality and extracting solutions of a polynomial optimization problem.
Near optimal minimal convex hulls of disks
Authors: Kallrath Josef , Ryu Joonghyun , Song Chanyoung , Lee Mokwon , Kim Deok-Soo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe minimal convex hulls of disks problem is to find such arrangements of circular disks in the plane that minimize the length of the convex hull boundary. The mixed-integer non-linear programming model, named [17], works only for small to moderate-sized problems. Here we propose a polylithic framework of the problem for big problem instances by combining the following algorithms and models: (i) A fast disk-packing algorithm based on Voronoi diagrams, non-linear programming (NLP) models for packing disks, and an NLP model for minimizing the discretized perimeter of convex hull; (ii) A fast convex-hull algorithm to compute the convex hulls of disk arrangements and their perimeter lengths; (iii) A mixed-integer NLP model taking the output of as its input. We present complete analytic solutions for small problems up to four disks and a semi-analytic mixed-integer linear programming model which yields exact solutions for strip packing problems with up to one thousand congruent disks. It turns out that the proposed polylithic approach works fine for large problem instances containing up to 1,000 disks. Monolithic and polylithic solutions using usually outperform other approaches. The polylithic approach yields better solutions than the results in [17] and provides a benchmark suite for further research.
Fiction and importation
Authors: Stokke Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImportation in fictional discourse is the phenomenon by which audiences include information in the story over and above what is explicitly stated by the narrator. This paper argues that importation is distinct from generation, the phenomenon by which truth in fiction may outstrip what is made explicit, and draws a distinction between fictional truth and fictional records. The latter comprises the audience’s picture of what is true according to the narrator. The paper argues that importation into fictional records operates according to principles that also govern ordinary conversation. An account of fictional records as a species of common ground information is proposed. Two sources of importation are described in detail, presupposition accommodation and conversational implicatures. It is shown that presuppositions are both mandatorily imported and mandatorily generated. By contrast, conversational implicatures are neither mandatorily imported nor mandatorily generated. The paper distinguishes conversational implicatures from contextual inferences. Both rely on background assumptions, yet conversational implicatures moreover depend on assumptions concerning Gricean cooperation.
Predicting response to radiotherapy of intracranial metastases with hyperpolarized $$^{13}$$C MRI
Authors: Lee Casey Y. , Soliman Hany , Bragagnolo Nadia D. , Sahgal Arjun , Geraghty Benjamin J. , Chen Albert P. , Endre Ruby , Perks William J. , Detsky Jay S. , Leung Eric , Chan Michael , Heyn Chris , Cunningham Charles H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is used to manage intracranial metastases in a significant fraction of patients. Local progression after SRS can often only be detected with increased volume of enhancement on serial MRI scans which may lag true progression by weeks or months.

Methods
Patients with intracranial metastases (N = 11) were scanned using hyperpolarized $$^{13}$$

13

C MRI prior to treatment with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The status of each lesion was then recorded at six months post-treatment follow-up (or at the time of death).

Results
The positive predictive value of $$^{13}$$

13

C-lactate signal, measured pre-treatment, for prediction of progression of intracranial metastases at six months post-treatment with SRS was 0.8 $$p < 0.05$$

p
<
0.05

, and the AUC from an ROC analysis was 0.77 $$p < 0.05$$

p
<
0.05

. The distribution of $$^{13}$$

13

C-lactate z-scores was different for intracranial metastases from different primary cancer types (F = 2.46, $$p = 0.1$$

p
=
0.1

).

Conclusions
Hyperpolarized $$^{13}$$

13

C imaging has potential as a method for improving outcomes for patients with intracranial metastases, by identifying patients at high risk of treatment failure with SRS and considering other therapeutic options such as surgery.
microRNA-29b prevents renal fibrosis by attenuating renal tubular epithelial cell–mesenchymal transition through targeting the PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Hu Shuang , Hu Hongtao , Wang Rui , He Hong , Shui Hua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the effects of miR-29b on renal interstitial fibrosis in the obstructed kidney of mouse with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) via inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinaseB (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway.

Methods
Adult male CD-1 mice were intraperitoneally injected with vehicle or PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (3 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg) daily for 1 or 2 weeks after performing UUO or sham operation. The mice were sacrificed on days 7 and 14 after surgery. The rat proximal tubular epithelial cell (TEC) line NRK-52E was cultured in DMEM and treated with various concentrations angiotensin II (AngII). Obstructed and sham mouse kidneys were analyzed via HE, Masson and immunohistochemistry to assess the degree of renal fibrosis. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays (RT-PCR) were performed to investigate changes in the levels of expression of miR-29b and Western blot was used to analyze the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling and expression of E-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA).

Results
Histologic analyses of obstructed kidney revealed that LY294002 attenuated the degree of renal fibrosis. In this study, loss of miR-29b accompanied with increased epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) was observed in renal tubules of mice after UUO and cultured NRK-52E cells exposed to AngII. LY294002 also prominently decreased phosphorylation of AKT in vivo and vitro. By RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, LY294002 blocked the PI3K/AKT-induced loss of E-cadherin expression and de novo increase of the expression of α-SMA in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The overexpression of miR-29b markedly reversed the phenotype induced by AngII in NRK-52E cells and the downregulation miR-29b expression with an miR-29b inhibitor resulted in enhanced EMT. In addition, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was found to be suppressed in the presence of overexpression of miR-29b by direct hybridization with 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of PIK3R2.

Conclusion
Our findings suggested that miR-29b significantly prevented tubulointerstitial injury in mouse model of UUO by attenuating renal tubular epithelial cell–mesenchymal transition via repressing PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.