bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A plastid two-pore channel essential for inter-organelle communication and growth of Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Li Zhu-Hong , King Thayer P. , Ayong Lawrence , Asady Beejan , Cai Xinjiang , Rahman Taufiq , Vella Stephen A. , Coppens Isabelle , Patel Sandip , Moreno Silvia N. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwo-pore channels (TPCs) are a ubiquitous family of cation channels that localize to acidic organelles in animals and plants to regulate numerous Ca2+-dependent events. Little is known about TPCs in unicellular organisms despite their ancient origins. Here, we characterize a TPC fromToxoplasma gondii, the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. TgTPC is a member of a novel clad of TPCs in Apicomplexa, distinct from previously identified TPCs and only present in coccidians. We show that TgTPC localizes not to acidic organelles but to the apicoplast, a non-photosynthetic plastid found in most apicomplexan parasites. Conditional silencing of TgTPC resulted in progressive loss of apicoplast integrity, severely affecting growth and the lytic cycle. Isolation of TPCnullmutants revealed a selective role for TPCs in replication independent of apicoplast loss that required conserved residues within the pore-lining region. Using a genetically-encoded Ca2+indicator targeted to the apicoplast, we show that Ca2+signals deriving from the ER but not from the extracellular space are selectively transmitted to the lumen. Deletion of theTgTPC genecaused reduced apicoplast Ca2+uptake and membrane contact site formation between the apicoplast and the ER. Fundamental roles for TPCs in maintaining organelle integrity, inter-organelle communication and growth emerge.
Electron penetration triggering interface activity of Pt-graphene for CO oxidation at room temperature
Authors: Wang Yong , Ren Pengju , Hu Jingting , Tu Yunchuan , Gong Zhongmiao , Cui Yi , Zheng Yanping , Chen Mingshu , Zhang Wujun , Ma Chao , Yu Liang , Yang Fan , Wang Ye , Bao Xinhe , Deng Dehui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAchieving CO oxidation at room temperature is significant for gas purification but still challenging nowadays. Pt promoted by 3dtransition metals (TMs) is a promising candidate for this reaction, but TMs are prone to be deeply oxidized in an oxygen-rich atmosphere, leading to low activity. Herein we report a unique structure design of graphene-isolated Pt from CoNi nanoparticles (PtǀCoNi) for efficiently catalytic CO oxidation in an oxygen-rich atmosphere. CoNi alloy is protected by ultrathin graphene shell from oxidation and therefore modulates the electronic property of Pt-graphene interface via electron penetration effect. This catalyst can achieve near 100% CO conversion at room temperature, while there are limited conversions over Pt/C and Pt/CoNiOxcatalysts. Experiments and theoretical calculations indicate that CO will saturate Pt sites, but O2can adsorb at the Pt-graphene interface without competing with CO, which facilitate the O2activation and the subsequent surface reaction. This graphene-isolated system is distinct from the classical metal-metal oxide interface for catalysis, and it provides a new thought for the design of heterogeneous catalysts.
Hamster organotypic modeling of SARS-CoV-2 lung and brainstem infection
Authors: Ferren Marion , Favède Valérie , Decimo Didier , Iampietro Mathieu , Lieberman Nicole A. P. , Weickert Jean-Luc , Pelissier Rodolphe , Mazelier Magalie , Terrier Olivier , Moscona Anne , Porotto Matteo , Greninger Alexander L. , Messaddeq Nadia , Horvat Branka , Mathieu Cyrille 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic of COVID-19 since its emergence in December 2019. The infection causes a severe acute respiratory syndrome and may also spread to central nervous system leading to neurological sequelae. We have developed and characterized two new organotypic cultures from hamster brainstem and lung tissues that offer a unique opportunity to study the early steps of viral infection and screening antivirals. These models are not dedicated to investigate how the virus reaches the brain. However, they allow validating the early tropism of the virus in the lungs and demonstrating that SARS-CoV-2 could infect the brainstem and the cerebellum, mainly by targeting granular neurons. Viral infection induces specific interferon and innate immune responses with patterns specific to each organ, along with cell death by apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. Overall, our data illustrate the potential of rapid modeling of complex tissue-level interactions during infection by a newly emerged virus.
Epidermal galactose spurs chytrid virulence and predicts amphibian colonization
Authors: Wang Yu , Verbrugghe Elin , Meuris Leander , Chiers Koen , Kelly Moira , Strubbe Diederik , Callewaert Nico , Pasmans Frank , Martel An 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe chytrid fungal pathogens Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans cause the skin disease chytridiomycosis in amphibians, which is driving a substantial proportion of an entire vertebrate class to extinction. Mitigation of its impact is largely unsuccessful and requires a thorough understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the disease ecology. By identifying skin factors that mediate key events during the early interaction with B. salamandrivorans zoospores, we discovered a marker for host colonization. Amphibian skin associated beta-galactose mediated fungal chemotaxis and adhesion to the skin and initiated a virulent fungal response. Fungal colonization correlated with the skin glycosylation pattern, with cutaneous galactose content effectively predicting variation in host susceptibility to fungal colonization between amphibian species. Ontogenetic galactose patterns correlated with low level and asymptomatic infections in salamander larvae that were carried over through metamorphosis, resulting in juvenile mortality. Pronounced variation of galactose content within some, but not all species, may promote the selection for more colonization resistant host lineages, opening new avenues for disease mitigation.
Mass-sensitive particle tracking to elucidate the membrane-associated MinDE reaction cycle
Authors: Heermann Tamara , Steiert Frederik , Ramm Beatrice , Hundt Nikolas , Schwille Petra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn spite of their great importance in biology, methods providing access to spontaneous molecular interactions with and on biological membranes have been sparse. The recent advent of mass photometry to quantify mass distributions of unlabeled biomolecules landing on surfaces raised hopes that this approach could be transferred to membranes. Here, by introducing a new interferometric scattering (iSCAT) image processing and analysis strategy adapted to diffusing particles, we enable mass-sensitive particle tracking (MSPT) of single unlabeled biomolecules on a supported lipid bilayer. We applied this approach to the highly nonlinear reaction cycles underlying MinDE protein self-organization. MSPT allowed us to determine the stoichiometry and turnover of individual membrane-bound MinD/MinDE protein complexes and to quantify their size-dependent diffusion. This study demonstrates the potential of MSPT to enhance our quantitative understanding of membrane-associated biological systems.
Mass photometry enables label-free tracking and mass measurement of single proteins on lipid bilayers
Authors: Foley Eric D. B. , Kushwah Manish S. , Young Gavin , Kukura Philipp 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe quantification of membrane-associated biomolecular interactions is crucial to our understanding of various cellular processes. State-of-the-art single-molecule approaches rely largely on the addition of fluorescent labels, which complicates the quantification of the involved stoichiometries and dynamics because of low temporal resolution and the inherent limitations associated with labeling efficiency, photoblinking and photobleaching. Here, we demonstrate dynamic mass photometry, a method for label-free imaging, tracking and mass measurement of individual membrane-associated proteins diffusing on supported lipid bilayers. Application of this method to the membrane remodeling GTPase, dynamin-1, reveals heterogeneous mixtures of dimer-based oligomers, oligomer-dependent mobilities, membrane affinities and (dis)association of individual complexes. These capabilities, together with assay-based advances for studying integral membrane proteins, will enable the elucidation of biomolecular mechanisms in and on lipid bilayers.
Choroidal thickness in children with type 1 diabetes depending on the pubertal status and metabolic parameters analyzed by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Marta Wysocka-Mincewicz , Andrzej Olechowski , Marta Baszyńska-Wilk , Aleksandra Byczyńska , Joanna Gołębiewska 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo assess choroidal thickness (CT) in children with type 1diabetes (T1D) regarding their pubertal status and seek for factors influencing this parameter, using optical coherence tomography. Material and methods: 333 eyes out of 167 children with T1D without symptoms of diabetic retinopathy (mean age 12.81 ± 3.63 years, diabetes duration 4.59 ± 3.71 years) were enrolled. CT in all quadrants was evaluated. The studied population was divided into three groups: prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal. The multivariate regression model was carried out using all metabolic parameter and then it was built using only the significant ones. Results: Significant differences in CT between males and females, except nasal and superior quadrants were observed. We revealed significant differences in CT between the three independent groups (Chi-square 18.6, p < 0.0001). In the statistically significant multiple regression model (R = 0.9, R2 = 0.82, p < 0.0000), the serum level of free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, total hemoglobin, uric acid, low- and high-density cholesterol, daily insulin dose per kilogram, weight and level of vitamin D were significant. Conclusion: In our studied group CT increases during puberty. Metabolic parameters such as cholesterol, uric acid, thyroid hormones, and hemoglobin concentration even within the normal range, significantly influence the CT, and these factors likely affect other blood vessels in the body.
Aqueous and gaseous plasma applications for the treatment of mung bean seeds
Authors: Darmanin Martina , Fröhling Antje , Bußler Sara , Durek Julia , Neugart Susanne , Schreiner Monika , Blundell Renald , Gatt Ruben , Schlüter Oliver , Valdramidis Vasilis P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSprouts are particularly prone to microbial contamination due to their high nutrient content and the warm temperatures and humid conditions needed for their production. Therefore, disinfection is a crucial step in food processing as a means of preventing the transmission of bacterial, parasitic and viral pathogens. In this study, a dielectric coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD) system was used for the application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), plasma activated water (PAW) and their combination on mung bean seeds. Germination assessments were performed in a test tube set-up filled with glass beads and the produced irrigation water. Overall, it was found that the combined seed treatment with direct air CAP (350 W) and air PAW had no negative impact on mung bean seed germination and growth, nor the concentration of secondary metabolites within the sprouts. These treatments also reduced the total microbial population in sprouts by 2.5 log CFU/g. This research reports for first time that aside from the stimulatory effect of plasma discharge on seed surface disinfection, sustained plasma treatment through irrigation of treated seeds with PAW can significantly enhance seedling growth. The positive outcome and further applications of different forms, of plasma i.e., gaseous and aqueous, in the agro-food industry is further supported by this research.
Nonlinear collision between propagating waves in mouse somatosensory cortex
Authors: Di Volo M. , Férézou I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHow does cellular organization shape the spatio-temporal patterns of activity in the cortex while processing sensory information? After measuring the propagation of activity in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in response to single whisker deflections with Voltage Sensitive Dye (VSD) imaging, we developed a two dimensional model of S1. We designed an inference method to reconstruct model parameters from VSD data, revealing that a spatially heterogeneous organization of synaptic strengths between pyramidal neurons in S1 is likely to be responsible for the heterogeneous spatio-temporal patterns of activity measured experimentally. The model shows that, for strong enough excitatory cortical interactions, whisker deflections generate a propagating wave in S1. Finally, we report that two consecutive stimuli activating different spatial locations in S1 generate two waves which collide sub-linearly, giving rise to a suppressive wave. In the inferred model, the suppressive wave is explained by a lower sensitivity to external perturbations of neural networks during activated states.
A newly developed and externally validated non-clinical score accurately predicts 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in the general adult population
Authors: Schiborn Catarina , Kühn Tilman , Mühlenbruch Kristin , Kuxhaus Olga , Weikert Cornelia , Fritsche Andreas , Kaaks Rudolf , Schulze Matthias B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInclusion of clinical parameters limits the application of most cardiovascular disease (CVD) prediction models to clinical settings. We developed and externally validated a non-clinical CVD risk score with a clinical extension and compared the performance to established CVD risk scores. We derived the scores predicting CVD (non-fatal and fatal myocardial infarction and stroke) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort (n = 25,992, cases = 683) using competing risk models and externally validated in EPIC-Heidelberg (n = 23,529, cases = 692). Performance was assessed byC-indices, calibration plots, and expected-to-observed ratios and compared to a non-clinical model, the Pooled Cohort Equation, Framingham CVD Risk Scores (FRS), PROCAM scores, and the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE). Our non-clinical score included age, gender, waist circumference, smoking, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, CVD family history, and dietary parameters.C-indices consistently indicated good discrimination (EPIC-Potsdam 0.786, EPIC-Heidelberg 0.762) comparable to established clinical scores (thereof highest, FRS: EPIC-Potsdam 0.781, EPIC-Heidelberg 0.764). Additional clinical parameters slightly improved discrimination (EPIC-Potsdam 0.796, EPIC-Heidelberg 0.769). Calibration plots indicated very good calibration with minor overestimation in the highest decile of predicted risk. The developed non-clinical 10-year CVD risk score shows comparable discrimination to established clinical scores, allowing assessment of individual CVD risk in physician-independent settings.
Isochronal recovery behaviour on electromagnetic properties of polycrystalline nickel zinc ferrite (Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) prepared via mechanical alloying
Authors: Abdullah Nor Hapishah , Mustaffa Muhammad Syazwan , Hamidon Mohd Nizar , Shafie Farah Nabilah , Ismail Ismayadi , Ibrahim Idza Riati 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA new approach through heat treatment has been attempted by establishing defects by the process of quenching towards electrical and magnetic properties in the nickel zinc ferrite (Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) sample. The measured property values in permeability and hysteresis characteristic gave their recovery behaviour in which the values, after quenching were recovered after undergoing the annealing. Interestingly, a different trend observed in the permittivity value whereas the value was increased after quenching and subsequently recovered after annealing. The mechanisms which produced the changes is believed to be involved by defects in the form of vacancies, interstitials, microcracks and dislocations created during quenching which gave rise to changes in the values of the complex permeability and permittivity components and hysteresis behaviour.
Differential lipids in pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism and their correlation to the pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Li Jingjing , Xu Yajuan , Sun Zongzong , Cai Yanjun , Wang Biao , Zhang Miao , Ban Yanjie , Hou Xiaofeng , Hao Yingqi , Ouyang Qian , Wu Bo , Wang Mengqi , Wang Wentao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSubclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) has become a prevalent complication in pregnancy. Recent research links SCH to disturbed thyroid lipid profile; however, it is unclear how lipid metabolism disorders contribute to the pathogenesis of SCH during pregnancy. Thus, we used nontargeted lipidomics to identify and compare the lipids and metabolites expressed by pregnant women with SCH and healthy pregnant women. Multivariate analysis revealed 143 lipid molecules differentially expressed between the SCH group and the control group. Based on fold change, 30 differentially expressed lipid metabolites are potential biomarkers. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed metabolites participate in several pathways, including response to pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, metabolic pathways, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and fat digestion and absorption pathways. Correlation analyses revealed sphingomyelin (SM) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) positively correlate to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), while phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) negatively correlate with them. In addition, PG positively correlates to birth weight. Thus, the lipid profile of pregnant women with SCH is significantly different from that of healthy pregnant women. Lipid molecules associated with the differential lipid metabolism, such as SM, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and PI, should be further investigated for their roles in the pathogenesis of SCH in pregnancy, as they might be targets for reducing the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Interactions between hyaluronic acid and CoCrMo alloy surface in simulated synovial fluids
Authors: Radice Simona , Tibbits Gretchen , Lin Alex Y. W. , Beyenal Haluk , Wimmer Markus A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe performance of CoCrMo alloy in orthopaedic implants may be unfavourably affected by hyaluronic acid (HA) in synovial fluid. In this study, the authors aimed to understand the interactions between HA and CoCrMo using dedicated electrochemical experiments and surface analyses. A sequence of electrochemical measurements (open‐circuit potential, linear polarization resistance, potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarizations) was run on LC‐CoCrMo (ASTM F1537) in Dulbecco's phosphate‐buffered saline (DPBS) solution with and without HA and in DPBS mixed with newborn calf serum (NCS) and HA, partially under simultaneous recording of surface pH using custom‐made microelectrodes. Samples were analysed by optical and electron microscopy. HA had no significant impact on the corrosion potential of CoCrMo alloy (ECORR = −173 ± 8, −211 ± 16, and −254 ± 30 mVAg/AgCl, in DPBS, DPBS + HA, and DPBS + NCS + HA, respectively). Average current density values at the transpassive domain were double in DPBS compared to DPBS + HA and DPBS + NCS + HA. At potentials above +0.6 VAg/AgCl, surface pH values decreased from 7.5 to 6.5 in DPBS and from 7.5 to below 4 in DPBS + HA. In conclusion, the presence of HA did not compromise the corrosion resistance of CoCrMo alloy at free potential, but it enhanced acidic conditions at the near surface under anodic‐applied potential in the transpassive domain.
Three‐phase feeder parameter estimation using radial basis function neural networks and multi‐run optimisation method with bad data preparation
Authors: Yang Nien‐Che , Huang Rui , Guo Mou‐Fa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe difference between the actual feeder parameters and feeder parameter data stored in a database or offered by manufacturers is significant owing to the ambient environment, temperature, and skin effect. Here, a parameter estimation method is proposed for unbalanced three‐phase distribution feeders based on the bus voltages and branch power flows measured from two terminals of the feeder. In the proposed method, a high‐precision phasor measurement unit is not required to estimate the magnitude and phase angle of the phasor quantity using a common time source for synchronisation. A radial basis function neural network with multi‐run optimisation (RBFNN‐MRO) is proposed to map the complex nonlinear relations between the distribution feeder parameters and electrical quantities. The feasibility and performance of the proposed RBFNN‐MRO method were verified using the four IEEE test systems. The comparison between the proposed RBFNN‐MRO method and the multi‐run method based on the quasi‐Newton method is implemented via the maximum absolute percentage error (MAPE) curves. The results reveal that the proposed RBFNN‐MRO method has excellent potential for improving the accuracy of feeder parameter estimation, even for bad data preparation.
Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction with Potassium Aryltrifluoroborate in Pure Water Using Recyclable Nanoparticle Catalyst
Authors: Ohtaka Atsushi , Kawase Misa , Matsuoka Kyosuke , Shinagawa Tsutomu , Hamasaka Go , Uozumi Yasuhiro , Shimomura Osamu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper describes the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of aryl bromides with potassium aryltrifluoroborates in water catalyzed by linear polystyrene-stabilized PdO nanoparticles (PS-PdONPs). The reaction of aryl bromides having electron-withdrawing groups or electron-donating groups took place smoothly to give the corresponding coupling product in high yields. The catalyst recycles five times without significant loss of catalytic activity although a little bit increase in size of PdNPs was observed after the reaction.
Surgical Treatment of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection with 18-Litre Bleeding
Authors: Boldyrev Sergey Y. , Barbukhatty Kirill O. , Porhanov Vladimir A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSurgical treatment of Type-A acute aortic dissection is associated with high mortality and morbidity. One of the reasons is perioperative bleeding, which may lead to worse outcomes. We present a case of successful treatment of a patient with 18-litre perioperative blood loss in DeBakey Type-I acute aortic dissection with drug-induced hypocoagulation and malperfusion of a lower extremity.
Commutative d-torsion K-theory and its applications
Authors: Okay Cihan 
Published: October 2021

Commutative d-torsion K-theory is a variant of topological K-theory constructed from commuting unitary matrices of order dividing d. Such matrices appear as solutions of linear constraint systems that play a role in the study of quantum contextuality and in applications to operator-theoretic problems motivated by quantum information theory. Using methods from stable homotopy theory, we modify commutative d-torsion K-theory into a cohomology theory that can be used for studying operator solutions of linear constraint systems. This provides an interesting connection between stable homotopy theory and quantum information theory.
High-performance arduino-based interferometric quadrature phase-shift detection system with 1 nm resolution
Authors: Mühlberger K. , Harvey C. M. , Fokine M. 
Published: October 2021

A quadrature phase-shift detection system for interferometry has been conceptualized and evaluated. The main components, a microcontroller and two photodetectors, make a versatile low-cost detection system for displacement measurements or more generally phase-change measurements. The system is capable of sampling at 5 kHz with a spatial resolution of 1 nm.