bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence May Predict Early Sepsis After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Kamaleswaran Rishikesan , Sataphaty Sanjaya K. , Mas Valeria R. , Eason James D. , Maluf Daniel G. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Sepsis, post-liver transplantation, is a frequent challenge that impacts patient outcomes. We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence method to predict the onset of post-operative sepsis earlier.Methods: This pilot study aimed to identify “physiomarkers” in continuous minute-by-minute physiologic data streams, such as heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2), and blood pressure, to predict the onset of sepsis. The model was derived from a cohort of 5,748 transplant and non-transplant patients across intensive care units (ICUs) over 36 months, with 92 post-liver transplant patients who developed sepsis.Results: Using an alert timestamp generated with the Third International Consensus Definition of Sepsis (Sepsis-3) definition as a reference point, we studied up to 24 h of continuous physiologic data prior to the event, totaling to 8.35 million data points. One hundred fifty-five features were generated using signal processing and statistical methods. Feature selection identified 52 highly ranked features, many of which included blood pressures. An eXtreme Gradient Boost (XGB) classifier was then trained on the ranked features by 5-fold cross validation on all patients (n = 5,748). We identified that the average sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and area under the receiver-operator curve (AUC) of the model after 100 iterations was 0.94 ± 0.02, 0.9 ± 0.02, 0.89 ± 0.01, respectively, and 0.97 ± 0.01 for predicting sepsis 12 h before meeting criteria.Conclusion: The data suggest that machine learning/deep learning can be applied to continuous streaming data in the transplant ICU to monitor patients and possibly predict sepsis.
Autophagy Induces Expression of IL-6 in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Under Mechanical Load and Overload and Effects Osteoclastogenesis in vitro
Authors: Mayr Alexandra , Marciniak Jana , Eggers Benedikt , Blawat Kim , Wildenhof Jan , Bastos Craveiro Rogerio , Wolf Michael , Deschner James , Jäger Andreas , Beisel-Memmert Svenja 
Published: September 2021

Objective:Autophagy is an important cellular adaptation mechanism to mechanical stress. In animal experiments, inhibition of autophagy during orthodontic tooth movement triggered increased expression of inflammation-related genes and decreased bone density. The aim of this study was to investigate how autophagy affects cytokine levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in human periodontal ligament (hPDL) fibroblasts under mechanical pressure and the resulting influence on osteoblast communication.Methods:hPDL fibroblasts were subjected to physiologic mechanical load, constant overload, or rapamycin treatment for 16 to 24 h ± autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. Autophagosomes were quantified by flow cytometry. Gene expression ofil-6as well as IL-6 levels in the supernatant were determined with rtPCR and ELISA. To investigate the influence of mechanically-induced autophagy on cell-cell communication, an osteoblast-culture was subjected to supernatant from stimulated hPDL fibroblasts ± soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R). After 24 h,osteoprotegerin(opg) andreceptor activator of nuclear factorκB ligand(rankl) gene expressions were detected with rtPCR. Gene expression ofa disintegrin and metalloproteinases(adam)10and17in stimulated hPDL fibroblasts was examined via rtPCR.Results:Autophagy was induced by biomechanical stress in hPDL fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanical load and overload increased IL-6 expression at gene and protein level. Autophagy inhibition further enhanced the effects of mechanical stimulation on IL-6 expression. Mechanical stimulation of hPDL fibroblasts downregulatedadam10andadam17expressions. Inhibition of autophagy had stimulus-intensity depending effects: autophagy inhibition alone or additional application of physiological stress enhancedadam10andadam17expressions, whereas mechanical overload had adverse effects. Osteoblasts showed significantly reducedopgexpression in the presence of supernatant derived of hPDL fibroblasts treated with autophagy inhibitor and sIL-6R.Conclusion:IL-6 levels were increased in response to pressure in hPDL fibroblasts, which was further enhanced by autophagy inhibition. This caused a decrease inopgexpression in osteoblasts. This may serve as an explanatory model for accelerated tooth movement observed under autophagy inhibition, but may also represent a risk factor for uncontrolled bone loss.
Comparison of Newtonian and Non-newtonian Fluid Models in Blood Flow Simulation in Patients With Intracranial Arterial Stenosis
Authors: Liu Haipeng , Lan Linfang , Abrigo Jill , Ip Hing Lung , Soo Yannie , Zheng Dingchang , Wong Ka Sing , Wang Defeng , Shi Lin , Leung Thomas W. , Leng Xinyi 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundNewtonian fluid model has been commonly applied in simulating cerebral blood flow in intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) cases using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, while blood is a shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid. We aimed to investigate the differences of cerebral hemodynamic metrics quantified in CFD models built with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid assumptions, in patients with ICAS.MethodsWe built a virtual artery model with an eccentric 75% stenosis and performed static CFD simulation. We also constructed CFD models in three patients with ICAS of different severities in the luminal stenosis. We performed static simulations on these models with Newtonian and two non-Newtonian (Casson and Carreau-Yasuda) fluid models. We also performed transient simulations on another patient-specific model. We measured translesional pressure ratio (PR) and wall shear stress (WSS) values in all CFD models, to reflect the changes in pressure and WSS across a stenotic lesion. In all the simulations, we compared the PR and WSS values in CFD models derived with Newtonian, Casson, and Carreau-Yasuda fluid assumptions.ResultsIn all the static and transient simulations, the Newtonian/non-Newtonian difference on PR value was negligible. As to WSS, in static models (virtual and patient-specific), the rheological difference was not obvious in areas with high WSS, but observable in low WSS areas. In the transient model, the rheological difference of WSS areas with low WSS was enhanced, especially during diastolic period.ConclusionNewtonian fluid model could be applicable for PR calculation, but caution needs to be taken when using the Newtonian assumption in simulating WSS especially in severe ICAS cases.
Research on Influencing Factors and Dimensions of Health Literacy in Different Age Groups: Before and After the COVID-19 Era in Chongqing, China
Authors: Yang Peiying , Ou Yanran , Yang Hailin , Pei Xuyan , Li Jiarui , Wang Yuxing , Tan Fang , Zhao Xin , Liu Weiwei 
Published: September 2021

Background: Understanding the levels of health literacy among different groups is essential for better public health interventions targeting specific subgroups of the population. Additionally, this article explores the prevalence and influencing factors of the health literacy levels of different age groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods: Multistage stratified cluster random sampling and the Probability Proportion to Size (PPS) method were used to select permanent residents aged 15–69 in Chongqing (54,706) for the questionnaire survey. The survey period is from July 2019 and July 2020. Single-factor analysis and logistic regression models were used to study the relationship between demographics, socioeconomic factors, other independent covariates, and health literacy.Results: The health literacy levels of residents declined with age, and there were significant differences in health literacy levels between age groups (χ2 = 3332.884, P &lt; 0.05). As far as the factors affecting health literacy level are concerned, high education and high income are the protective factors for health literacy level for residents of all ages. For adolescents (OR = 1.383, 95% CI: 1.217–1.571), young adults (OR = 1.232, 95% CI = 1.117–1.358), and middle-aged people (OR = 1.096, 95% CI = 1.017–1.182), residence in rural areas was a protective factor. In terms of the dimensions of health literacy, in particular, elderly health literacy in 2020 in Scientific Health Concepts, Safety and First Aid, Basic Medical Care decreased significantly compared with 2019.Conclusions: For adolescents, young adults, middle-aged people, to solve the problem of urban and rural health quality gap, we should not only use the geographical division, but also consider the social population and socio-economic differences. For the elderly, the following four dimensions of health literacy need to be paid more attention than those of other age: Basic Knowledge and Concepts, Scientific Health Concepts, Safety and First Aid, and Basic Medical Care. A lack of knowledge on the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases is the main reason for the recent decline in health literacy. And the health literacy among residents in major public health emergencies is needed.
Occurrence and Severity of Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort of General Anesthesia Plus Epidural Anesthesia vs. General Anesthesia in Abdominal Operation With Urinary Catheterization: A Randomized, Controlled Study
Authors: Sun Shunxiang , Wang Cheng , Zhang Jun , Sun Pengfei 
Published: September 2021

Background: This randomized, controlled study aimed to investigate the effect of general anesthesia plus epidural anesthesia on catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) in patients who underwent abdominal operation with urinary catheterization.Methods: A total of 150 patients scheduled for abdominal operation under anesthesia with urinary catheterization were randomized to receive general anesthesia plus epidural anesthesia (N = 74, GA + EA group) or general anesthesia (N = 76, GA group). The occurrence and severity of CRBD, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded at 0 hour (h), 0.5, 1, and 3 h after tracheal extubation. Besides, postoperative adverse events were assessed.Results: The occurrence and severity of CRBD at 0, 0.5, 1, and 3 h were all reduced in GA + EA group compared to GA group (all P &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, subgroup analyses showed that the reduction of occurrence and severity of CRBD in GA + EA group compared to GA group was more obvious in male patients and patients ≥50 years. Besides, SBP at 0, 0.5, 1, and 3 h, as well as DBP at 0, 0.5, and 3 h were all decreased in GA + EA group compared to GA group (all P &lt; 0.05), while HR was increased at 0 h in GA + EA group compared to GA group (P = 0.034). Moreover, the occurrence of pain, severity of pain and occurrence of vomiting were similar between GA + EA group and GA group (all P &gt; 0.05).Conclusion: General anesthesia plus epidural anesthesia decreases CRBD occurrence and severity with tolerable safety compared with general anesthesia in patients who undergo abdominal operation with urinary catheterization.
Metabolomics Analysis of Splenic CD19+ B Cells in Mice Chronically Infected With Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato Protoscoleces
Authors: Guo Yuxin , Xu Daxiang , Fang Zheng , Xu Shiping , Liu Jiaxi , Xu Zixuan , Zhou Jikai , Bu Zhenzhen , Zhao Yingyi , He Jingmei , Yang Xiaoying , Pan Wei , Shen Yujuan , Sun Fenfen 
Published: September 2021

Background: The larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s.l) infection can alter B cell function and affect host anti-infective immunity, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The newly emerging immunometabolism highlights that several metabolites are key factors in determining the fate of immune cells, which provides a new insight for exploring how larval E. granulosus s.l. infection remodels B cell function. This study investigated the metabolomic profiles of B cells in mice infected with E. granulosus s.l. protoscoleces (PSC).Results:Total CD19+ B cells, purified from the spleen of infected mice, showed significantly increased production of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 after exposure to LPS in vitro. Moreover, the mRNA expression of metabolism related enzymes in B cells was remarkably disordered post infection. In addition, differential metabolites were identified in B cells after infection. There were 340 differential metabolites (83 upregulated and 257 downregulated metabolites) identified in the positive ion model, and 216 differential metabolites (97 upregulated and 119 downregulated metabolites) identified in the negative ion mode. Among these, 64 differential metabolites were annotated and involved in 68 metabolic pathways, including thyroid hormone synthesis, the metabolic processes of glutathione, fructose, mannose, and glycerophospholipid. Furthermore, several differential metabolites such as glutathione, taurine, and inosine were validated to regulate the cytokine production in LPS stimulated B cells.Conclusion:Infection with the larval E. granulosus s.l. causes metabolic reprogramming in the intrinsic B cells of mice, which provides the first evidence for understanding the role and mechanism of B cells in parasite anti-infective immunity from the viewpoint of immunometabolism.
Efficiency and Improved Profitability of Insect-Based Aquafeeds for Farming Nile Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus L.)
Authors: Wachira Moses N. , Osuga Isaac M. , Munguti Jonathan M. , Ambula Mary K. , Subramanian Sevgan , Tanga Chrysantus M. 
Published: September 2021

In Sub-Saharan Africa, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) make up over 80% of aquaculture production. However, the local aquaculture farmers are restricted by the unavailability and expensive cost of formulated rations. To reduce reliance on the scarce and expensive fishmeal used in fish feeds, alternative insect protein has been successfully utilized in many aquafeeds. However, data on the influence of insect-based feed on the growth and economic benefit of feeding tilapia with the emerging insect-based diet are scanty. This study investigated the effect of partially and completely substituting fishmeal with black soldier fly larval meal (BM) on growth and economic parameters of tilapia. The O. niloticus was fed a standard commercial diet as a control (100% FM; 0% BM), BM33 (67% FM; 33% BM), BM67 (33% FM; 67% BM) and BM100 (0% FM; 100% BM) for 20 weeks in randomly assigned cages mounted in an 800 m2 earthen pond. Results from this study showed that diet type significantly (p < 0.05) affected the feed intake of the fish as well as weight gain. The feed conversion ratio and survival rate of O. niloticus did not vary across the different diets. Fish fed Diet1 had a 15% increase in weight when compared to fish fed the control diet. Return on investment and the cost–benefit ratio was similar across the diets, suggesting that BM is a suitable and cost-equivalent dietary supplement of FM up to 100% in aquafeed for growing tilapia fish in earthen ponds for the market.
Conceptualization and Analysis of a Next-Generation Ultra-Compact 1.5-kW PCB-Integrated Wide-Input-Voltage-Range 12V-Output Industrial DC/DC Converter Module
Authors: Knabben Gustavo C. , Zulauf Grayson , Schäfer Jannik , Kolar Johann W. , Kasper Matthias J. , Azurza Anderson Jon , Deboy Gerald 
Published: September 2021

The next-generation industrial environment requires power supplies that are compact, efficient, low-cost, and ultra-reliable, even across mains failures, to power mission-critical electrified processes. Hold-up time requirements and the demand for ultra-high power density and minimum production costs, in particular, drive the need for power converters with (i) a wide input voltage range, to reduce the size of the hold-up capacitor, (ii) soft-switching over the full input voltage and load ranges, to achieve low losses that facilitate a compact realization, and (iii) complete PCB-integration for low-cost manufacturing. In this work, we conceptualize, design, model, fabricate, and characterize a 1.5 kW, 12 V-output DC/DC converter for industrial power supplies that is required to operate across a wide 300 V–430 V input voltage range. This module utilizes an LLC-based control scheme for complete soft-switching and a snake-core transformer to divide the output current with a balanced flux among multiple secondary windings. Detailed loss models are derived for every component in the converter. The converter achieves close to 96% peak efficiency with a power density of 337 W in−3 (20.6 kW/dm−3), excellent matching to the derived loss models, and zero-voltage switching even down to zero load. The loss models are used to identify improvements to further boost efficiency, the most important of which is the minimization of delay times in synchronous rectification, and a subsequent improved 1.5 kW hardware module eliminates nearly 25% of converter losses for a peak efficiency of nearly 97% with a power density of 308 W in−3 (18.8 kW dm−3). Two 1.5 kW modules are then paralleled to achieve 3 kW output power at 12 V and 345 W in−3 (21.1 kW dm−3) with ideal current sharing between the secondary outputs and no drop in efficiency from a single module, an important characteristic enabled by the novel snake-core transformer.
A Magnetite–Water-Based Nanofluid Three-Dimensional Thin Film Flow on an Inclined Rotating Surface with Non-Linear Thermal Radiations and Couple Stress Effects
Authors: Ullah Asad , Ikramullah  , Selim Mahmoud M. , Abdeljawad Thabet , Ayaz Muhammad , Mlaiki Nabil , Ghafoor Abdul 
Published: September 2021

This study is related to the heat energy transfer during 3D nanofluid (water-based) motion over a rotating surface by incorporating the combined impacts of thermal radiations and couple stress. The flow is modeled by a set of non-linear coupled PDEs, which is converted to a set of coupled non-linear ODEs by using suitable similarity transformations. The transformed equations are solved with the built-in NDSolve command. The effects of relevant interesting parameters on the nanofluid velocity components and temperature distribution are explained through various graphs. It is found that the velocity component f(η) is increased with higher values of γ and A0 while it drops with an increasing rotation parameter and nanoparticle volume fraction. The fluid temperature increases with higher αnf, Rd, ϵ2, ϵ3, A1 and drops with increasing Pr, ϵ1 and couple stress parameter (A0). The Nusselt number remains constant at a fixed Pr and Rd, whereas it increases with increasing Pr and is reduced with rising Rd. A comparison between the achieved results is carried out with the analytical results through different tables. An excellent agreement is observed between these results.
SUBPOPULATIONS OF CALBINDIN-, CALRETININ- AND PARVALBUMINIMMUNOREACTIVE INTERNEURONS OF THE DORSAL HORN OF THE SPINAL CORD OF FEMALE C57BL/6 MICE
Authors: Порсева В. В. , Емануйлов А. И. , Маслюков П.М. 
Published: September 2021

Цель - сравнительный анализ субпопуляций интернейронов, содержащих кальбиндин (КАБ), кальретинин (КАР) и парвальбумин (ПАВ) в дорсальном роге Т-Т-сегментов спинного мозга (СМ). Материал и методы. Иммунореактивные (ИР) интернейроны у самок мышей C57BL/6 в возрасте 16 нед исследовали с использованием иммуногистохимических методов. Результаты. Все субпопуляции ИР-интернейронов топографически выявлялись во всех пластинках дорсального рога СМ, однако в пластинке I не выявлены ИР к ПАВ-интернейронам. При этом содержание КАБ-интернейронов преобладало в пластинках I (27 %) и II (29 %), КАР-интернейронов - в пластинке II (21,5 %), ПАВ-интернейронов - в пластинках IV (5,7 %) и V (6,2 %). Кроме того, субпопуляция ПАВ-интернейронов представлена малочисленной группой клеток по сравнению с другими кальций-связывающими белками в пластинках II, III и области медиального края (ОМК) дорсального рога, а КАРинтернейронов - в пластинках III, IV, V и ОМК. Количественное распределение субпопуляции интернейронов, содержащих кальбиндин, преобладало во всех пластинках дорсального рога СМ. Клеточные размеры в указанных субпопуляциях ИР-интернейронов статистически значимо различались, при этом крупнее оказались интернейроны, содержащие КАБ и КАР, мельче - ПАВ. Выводы. В дорсальном роге СМ выявляются различные субпопуляции интернейронов, иммунореактивных к кальбиндину, кальретинину, парвальбумину, специфичные для каждой пластинки.
Objective - to make a comparative analysis of interneurons subpopulations that contain calbindin (CAB), calretinin (CAR) and parvalbumin (PAV) in the dorsal horn of the T-T segments of the spinal cord (SC). Materials and methods. Immunoreactive (IR) interneurons in 16-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were studied using immunohistochemical methods. Results. All subpopulations of IR interneurons were located in all laminae of the dorsal horn of the SC; however, interneurons IR to PAV were not detected in plate I. The relative content of CAB interneurons was greatest in laminae I (27 %) and II (29 %), CAR interneurons - in lamina II (21,5 %), PAV interneurons - in laminae IV (5,7 %) and V (6,2 %). In addition, a subpopulation of PAV interneurons in plates II, III and in the region of the dorsal horn medial border (MB) was represented by a small group of cells, in contrast with other calcium-binding proteins. The same was true for CAR interneurons in plates III, IV, V and MB. The quantitative distribution of the subpopulation of calbindin-containing interneurons prevailed in all laminae of the dorsal horn of SC. The differences in cell sizes in the mentioned subpopulations of IR interneurons were statistically significant, with CAB and CAR interneurons being larger and PAV interneurons - smaller. Conclusions. In the dorsal horn of the SC, various subpopulations of interneurons immunoreactive to calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin were identified, and the subpopulations were specific in each lamina.
OXIDATIVE STRESS IN AGING
Authors: Зенков Н. К. , Кожин П. М. , Чечушков А. В. , Кандалинцева Н. В. , Мартинович Г. Г. , Меньщикова Е. Б. 
Published: September 2021

Выдвинутая более 50 лет назад Д. Харманом свободнорадикальная теория старения остается популярной и сегодня. В обзоре проведен анализ возрастных изменений основных эндогенных механизмов продукции активированных кислородных метаболитов (АКМ) и механизмов антиоксидантной защиты. С возрастом генерация АКМ митохондриями, пероксисомами и NAD(P) H -оксидазами усиливается, в то время как транскрипционная активность важной системы поддержания редокс-баланса Keap 1/ Nrf 2/ ARE уменьшается. У старых животных отмечается также низкая активность аутофагии, удаляющей из клеток поврежденные органеллы и агрегированные структуры. Возрастное смещение редокс-баланса в сторону окислительного стресса может являться причиной развития возраст-ассоциированных нейрогеденеративных, аутоиммунных и воспалительных патологий.
The free-radical theory of aging, advanced more than 50 years ago by D. Harman, remains popular today. The review analyzes age-related changes in the main endogenous mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defense mechanisms. With age, ROS generation by mitochondria, peroxisomes, and NAD(P)H oxidases is enhanced, while the transcriptional activity of the important system Keap 1/ Nrf 2/ ARE maintaining redox balance decreases. In old animals, autophagy activity is also low, which removes damaged organelles and aggregated structures from cells. The age-related shift of the redox balance towards oxidative stress can cause the development of age-associated neurodegenerative, autoimmune and inﬂ ammatory pathologies.