bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deriving scalar implicatures with quantifiers by Romanian children
Authors: Bleotu Adina Camelia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The present study looks at whether 7–9-year-old Romanian monolingual children generate fewer implicatures than adults (Noveck, 2001) when interpreting two existential plural quantifiers (unii ‘some1’ and cȃţiva ‘some2’). The results reveal that 7-year-olds derive scalar implicatures with existential quantifiers less frequently than 9-year-olds, who, in turn, derive them less frequently than adults. Moreover, subjects behaved the same with unii ‘some1’ and cȃţiva ‘some2’, i.e., the semantic differences between the two existential quantifiers seem to be immaterial to scalarity computation.
A lexical resource for computational historical
linguistics*
Authors: Adesam Yvonne , Lilja Peter Andersson , Borin Lars , Bouma Gerlof 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this chapter we present the diachronic
dimension of Swedish FrameNet++. We describe the historical lexical
resources currently available for Swedish, linked to the
Contemporary Swedish lexicon Saldo. We present a case study of how
interlinking the dictionaries simultaneously allows us to study
lexical change. We also present a method of linking text words to
lexicon entries, facilitating interactive exploration of historical
texts. Diachronical language resources present both a high-variation
challenge from a wider language technology perspective, and an
interesting object of linguistic study. While a number of
improvements of the parts of the diachronic lexical macroresource
are still needed, this resource is invaluable for analysing and
accessing historical texts, as well as for both synchronic
historical and diachronic lexical studies.
A multilingual net of lexical resources
Authors: Lindén Krister , Niemi Jyrki , Borin Lars , Forsberg Markus , Pedersen Bolette S. , Nimb Sanni , Orav Heili , Kahusk Neeme , Vider Kadri 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, we explore how to develop and
encode the relationship between wordnets for different languages
using some Nordic and Baltic wordnets to illustrate the variety of
approaches. We also briefly touch on how these wordnets have been
enhanced or augmented with various types of lexical information,
such as framenet frames as well as syntagmatic and sentiment
information.
Swedish FrameNet++ and comparative linguistics*
Authors: Borin Lars , Saxena Anju , Virk Shafqat Mumtaz , Comrie Bernard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this chapter we describe a multilingual
extension of Swedish FrameNet++, intended to address research
questions of a broad comparative nature, in genealogical, areal and
typological linguistics, focusing on the integration into Swedish
FrameNet++ of so-called core vocabularies, used in several
linguistic subfields in order to conduct massive comparative studies
involving large numbers of languages. Specifically, we describe the
inclusion of two such lexical databases covering several hundred
South Asian languages, with the aim of investigating areal and
genealogical connections among these languages.
A register variation perspective on varieties of English
Authors: Neumann Stella , Evert Stefan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter reports an exploration of dimensions of register variation across varieties of English. We
analyse 2,844 texts from the Hong Kong, Jamaica and New Zealand components of the International Corpus of
English, using its text categorization scheme as a frame of reference. We apply Geometric Multivariate Analysis,
an interactive procedure for exploring latent structure in language variation, based on the frequencies of 41
lexico-grammatical features informed by systemic functional register theory. Visual inspection of the distribution of texts
across the multidimensional space reveals continuities between groups of texts as well as dimensions of variation that can be
related to theoretical register constructs. We also observe differences between the three ICE components (and their text
categories) in register space.
Register and modification in the noun phrase
Authors: Botha Yolande , van Zyl Maryka 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Our study differs from previous studies on the relation between modifiers in the noun phrase and register
in that we do pairwise comparisons of ten registers based on the frequency of a modifier form relative to the number of nouns
in the register. Using effect size to measure the differences between any two registers, we find that the largest
interregister differences correspond to distinctions made in previous multi-dimensional studies. Registers with high
proportions of premodifiers tend to be informational and differ most from registers that are more ‘oral-involved’. Large
differences in postnominal phrases and non-finite clauses correspond to the information-narrative distinction.
On the importance of register in learner writing
Authors: Larsson Tove , Paquot Magali , Biber Douglas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The present study explores the relative importance of register in learner writing vis-à-vis
learner-internal factors such as first-language background. Using multi-dimensional analysis, the study looks at learner and
native-speaker student writing from two registers (argumentative essays and research papers), in comparison to published
scientific articles. The results show that while certain differences could be noted across first-language background, the main
differences were found between the registers, stressing its importance as a moderating variable. Specifically, the research
papers and the scientific articles were characterized by topic-focussed, factual descriptions, and the argumentative texts by
a more personal style. The results thus highlight the importance of taking register into consideration in learner corpus
research studies.
Nominalizations in Early Modern English
Authors: Rodríguez-Puente Paula 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores word-based nominalizations in Early Modern English, a crucial period in the
expansion of the English vocabulary. Nine Romance and native suffixes are traced in eighteen registers, thus covering a wide
variety of registers along the formal-informal and speech-written continua. Findings demonstrate that there is a strong
correlation between informal, speech-related registers and a low frequency of nominalizations, although the communicative
purpose of particular registers can also have an effect here. Suffix productivity is also addressed, with results showing
that, the frequency of nominalizations in terms of types and tokens increases over time across registers, except trial
proceedings. However, Romance suffixes are seen chiefly responsible for this, whereas most native suffixes lose productivity
during the period.
Exploring sub-register variation in Victorian newspapers
Authors: Hiltunen Turo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores sub-register variation in newspaper writing in the 19th century using two corpora
extracted from the British Library Newspapers database, the most comprehensive collection of national and
regional newspapers from the Victorian period. As an ‘agile’ (Hundt & Mair
1999) register, newspaper writing is well suited for tracing language change and investigating the interrelationship
between language and culture. Frequency analysis of select linguistic features identifies systematic patterns of variation,
which can be linked to the communicative functions of sub-registers. The chapter also critically reflects on the value of the
database for corpus-based register analysis, especially on how the findings and interpretations are contingent on what
sampling criteria are used and how the notion of (sub-)register is operationalized.
Additional prognostic value of echocardiographic follow-up in pulmonary hypertension—role of 3D right ventricular area strain
Authors: Moceri Pamela , Duchateau Nicolas , Baudouy Delphine , Squara Fabien , Bun Sok Sithikun , Ferrari Emile , Sermesant Maxime 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
Outcomes in pulmonary hypertension (PH) are related to right ventricular (RV) function and remodelling. We hypothesized that changes in RV function and especially area strain (AS) could provide incremental prognostic information compared to the use of baseline data only. We therefore aimed to assess RV function changes between baseline and 6-month follow-up and evaluate their prognostic value for PH patients using 3D echocardiography.

Methods and results
Ninety-five PH patients underwent a prospective longitudinal study including ESC/ERS guidelines prognostic assessment and 3D RV echocardiographic imaging at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Semi-automatic software tracked the RV along the cycle, and its output was post-processed to extract 3D deformation patterns. Over a median follow-up of 24.8 (22.1–25.7) months, 21 patients died from PH or were transplanted. Improvements in RV global AS were associated with stable or improving clinical condition as well as survival free from transplant (P &lt; 0.001). The 3D deformation patterns confirmed that the most significant regional changes occurred within the septum. RV global AS change over 6-month by +3.5% identifies patients with a 3.7-fold increased risk of death or transplant. On multivariate COX analysis, changes in WHO class, BNP, and RV global AS were independent predictors of outcomes. Besides, the combination of these three parameters was of special interest to identify high-risk patients [HR 11.5 (1.55–86.06)].

Conclusion
Changes in RV function and especially changes in 3D RV AS are of prognostic importance. Our study underlines that assessing such changes from baseline to follow-up is of additional prognostic value for PH patients.

Clinical Trial Registration
http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02799979
Cardiovascular effects of doping substances, commonly prescribed medications and ergogenic aids in relation to sports: a position statement of the sport cardiology and exercise nucleus of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology
Authors: Adami Paolo Emilio , Koutlianos Nikolaos , Baggish Aaron , Bermon Stéphane , Cavarretta Elena , Deligiannis Asterios , Furlanello Francesco , Kouidi Evangelia , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Niebauer Josef , Pelliccia Antonio , Sharma Sanjay , Solberg Erik Ekker , Stuart Mark , Papadakis Michael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The use of substances and medications with potential cardiovascular effects among those practicing sports and physical activity has progressively increased in recent years. This is also connected to the promotion of physical activity and exercise as core aspects of a healthy lifestyle, which has led also to an increase in sport participation across all ages. In this context, three main users’ categories can be identified, (i) professional and amateur athletes using substances to enhance their performance, (ii) people with chronic conditions, which include physical activity and sport in their therapeutic plan, in association with prescribed medications, and (iii) athletes and young individuals using supplements or ergogenic aids to integrate their diet or obtaining a cognitive enhancement effect. All the substances used for these purposes have been reported to have side effects, among whom the cardiovascular consequences are the most dangerous and could lead to cardiac events. The cardiovascular effect depends on the type of substance, the amount, the duration of use, and the individual response to the substances, considering the great variability in responses. This Position Paper reviews the recent literature and represents an update to the previously published Position Paper published in 2006. The objective is to inform physicians, athletes, coaches, and those participating in sport for a health enhancement purpose, about the adverse cardiovascular effects of doping substances, commonly prescribed medications and ergogenic aids, when associated with sport and exercise.
Addressing disparities of care in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients without standard modifiable risk factors: insights from a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Moledina Saadiq M , Rashid Muhammad , Nolan James , Nakao Kazuhiro , Sun Louise Y , Velagapudi Poonam , Wilton Stephen B , Volgman Annabelle Santos , Gale Chris P , Mamas Mamas A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
The importance of standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs) in preventing non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is established. However, NSTEMI may present in the absence of SMuRFs, and little is known about their outcomes.

Methods and results
We analysed 176 083 adult (≥18 years) hospitalizations with NSTEMI using data from the United Kingdom (UK) Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project (MINAP). Clinical characteristics and all-cause in-hospital mortality were analysed according to SMuRF status, with 135 223 patients presenting with at least one of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, or current smoking status and 40 860 patients without any SMuRFs. Those with a history of coronary artery disease were excluded. Patients without SMuRFs were more frequently older (median age 72 year vs. 71 years, P &lt; 0.001), male (62% vs. 61%, P &lt; 0.001), and Caucasian (95% vs. 92%, P &lt; 0.001). Those without SMuRFs less frequently received statins (71% vs. 81%, P &lt; 0.001), had their left ventricular (LV) function recorded (62% vs. 65%, P &lt; 0.001) or for those with moderate or severe LV systolic dysfunction were prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (80% vs. 85%, P &lt; 0.001). Following propensity score matching the odds of all-cause mortality [odds ratio (OR): 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77–0.93], cardiac mortality (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76–0.94), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.77–0.93) were lower in patients without SMuRFs.

Conclusion
More than one in five patients presenting with NSTEMI had no SMuRFs, who were less frequently received guideline-recommended management and had lower in-hospital (all-cause and cardiac) mortality and MACE than patients with SMuRFs.
Genome-wide approaches delineate the additive, epistatic, and pleiotropic nature of variants controlling fatty acid composition in peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.)
Authors: Otyama Paul I , Chamberlin Kelly , Ozias-Akins Peggy , Graham Michelle A , Cannon Ethalinda K S , Cannon Steven B , MacDonald Gregory E , Anglin Noelle L 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of seed oil is a major determinant of the flavor, shelf-life, and nutritional quality of peanuts. Major QTLs controlling high oil content, high oleic content, and low linoleic content have been characterized in several seed oil crop species. Here, we employ genome-wide association approaches on a recently genotyped collection of 787 plant introduction accessions in the USDA peanut core collection, plus selected improved cultivars, to discover markers associated with the natural variation in fatty acid composition, and to explain the genetic control of fatty acid composition in seed oils. Overall, 251 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had significant trait associations with the measured fatty acid components. Twelve SNPs were associated with two or three different traits. Of these loci with apparent pleiotropic effects, 10 were associated with both oleic (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) content at different positions in the genome. In all 10 cases, the favorable allele had an opposite effect—increasing and lowering the concentration, respectively, of oleic and linoleic acid. The other traits with pleiotropic variant control were palmitic (C16:0), behenic (C22:0), lignoceric (C24:0), gadoleic (C20:1), total saturated, and total unsaturated fatty acid content. One hundred (100) of the significantly associated SNPs were located within 1000 kbp of 55 genes with fatty acid biosynthesis functional annotations. These genes encoded, among others: ACCase carboxyl transferase subunits, and several fatty acid synthase II enzymes. With the exception of gadoleic (C20:1) and lignoceric (C24:0) acid content, which occur at relatively low abundance in cultivated peanuts, all traits had significant SNP interactions exceeding a stringent Bonferroni threshold (α = 1%). We detected 7682 pairwise SNP interactions affecting the relative abundance of fatty acid components in the seed oil. Of these, 627 SNP pairs had at least one SNP within 1000 kbp of a gene with fatty acid biosynthesis functional annotation. We evaluated 168 candidate genes underlying these SNP interactions. Functional enrichment and protein-to-protein interactions supported significant interactions (P-value &lt; 1.0E−16) among the genes evaluated. These results show the complex nature of the biology and genes underlying the variation in seed oil fatty acid composition and contribute to an improved genotype-to-phenotype map for fatty acid variation in peanut seed oil.
Pvr and distinct downstream signaling factors are required for hemocyte spreading and epidermal wound closure atDrosophilalarval wound sites
Authors: Tsai Chang-Ru , Wang Yan , Jacobson Alec , Sankoorikkal Niki , Chirinos Josue D , Burra Sirisha , Makthal Nishanth , Kumaraswami Muthiah , Galko Michael J 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTissue injury is typically accompanied by inflammation. In Drosophila melanogaster larvae, wound-induced inflammation involves adhesive capture of hemocytes at the wound surface followed by hemocyte spreading to assume a flat, lamellar morphology. The factors that mediate this cell spreading at the wound site are not known. Here, we discover a role for the platelet-derived growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor-related receptor (Pvr) and its ligand, Pvf1, in blood cell spreading at the wound site. Pvr and Pvf1 are required for spreading in vivo and in an in vitro spreading assay where spreading can be directly induced by Pvf1 application or by constitutive Pvr activation. In an effort to identify factors that act downstream of Pvr, we performed a genetic screen in which select candidates were tested to determine if they could suppress the lethality of Pvr overexpression in the larval epidermis. Some of the suppressors identified are required for epidermal wound closure (WC), another Pvr-mediated wound response, some are required for hemocyte spreading in vitro, and some are required for both. One of the downstream factors, Mask, is also required for efficient wound-induced hemocyte spreading in vivo. Our data reveal that Pvr signaling is required for wound responses in hemocytes (cell spreading) and defines distinct downstream signaling factors that are required for either epidermal WC or hemocyte spreading.
The dark industry of data brokers: need for regulation?
Authors: Mishra Shivangi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Measuring the impact of harm when the perpetrator is a faceless company operating in the shadows is akin to walking in the dark. You never know what’s awaiting you next! The data brokering industry is one such instance, possessing against you, arguably the strongest weapon today—a secret digital twin or a digital doppelganger of your attributes. In the ever-growing digital economy, is there a need to regulate this industry? This article identifies the lacuna in the law that permits its operation and argues for fixing the loopholes in order to regulate the data brokering industry. Furthermore, it sheds light on India’s missed opportunity to regulate the industry given the inchoate nature of data protection laws in the country. Finally, it raises ethical concerns and argues for a distinction between reasonable and unreasonable inferences building on Prof. Sandra Wachter’s concept of an ex ante right to reasonable inference.
Antimicrobial use in agriculture: critical review of the factors influencing behaviour
Authors: McKernan C , Benson T , Farrell S , Dean M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health emergency affecting humans and animals, diminishing the effectiveness of medication used to treat illness. The agri-food sector has attracted increased attention for imprudent antimicrobial use (AMU) and its contribution to AMR. Thus, ascertaining farmers’ and veterinarians’ behaviours surrounding AMU is essential to address imprudent AMU and generate behaviour change within the agri-food sector. Therefore, the aim of this critical review is to investigate, assess and collate the current body of evidence to identify psychosocial factors including knowledge, understanding, perceptions, attitudes and behaviours surrounding AMU. Database searches were limited to articles utilizing qualitative and quantitative methodologies, available in English with no restriction on publication year. Of the 1156 articles identified, 103 were retained for this review. Findings on the psychosocial aspects were thematically analysed. Five key themes emerged from the data: (i) knowledge and awareness of antimicrobials; (ii) attitudes towards antimicrobials; (iii) influential relationships; (iv) resources; and (v) factors influencing AMU. Results indicated that to overcome barriers experienced by key stakeholders, a carefully considered, evidence-based approach, incorporating behaviour change theory, is required when designing intricate interventions/strategies, in order to elicit successful and sustained AMU behaviour change.
I’ve got the power: Saunders v Vautier in the context of massively discretionary trusts
Authors: Morris Rupert , Clark-Jones Jessica 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In two judgments in 2019 and 2020, the Guernsey Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the Guernsey Royal Court in Rusnano Capital AG (in liquidation) v Molard International (PTC) Limited and Pullborough International Corp [2019] GRC 011 in relation to the statutory “Saunders v Vautier” provisions under the Trusts (Guernsey) Law, 2007. The position, in Guernsey at least, remains therefore that beneficiaries of a discretionary trust can require trustees to terminate a trust and distribute the trust property, even in circumstances where a broad power to add further (unspecified) beneficiaries exists. This article considers the position, on any view unsettled, in England and Wales (as well as other jurisdictions which still rely on the common law interpretation) of the so-called rule in Saunders v Vautier in light of the somewhat contradictory case law and authorities, particularly in the context of trusts where the dispositive discretions effectively displace the beneficial interests.