bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unplanned admission to pediatric intensive care after general anesthesia: A seven‐year retrospective cohort study in a tertiary children’s hospital
Authors: Tsuboi Kaoru , Ninagawa Jun , Tsuboi Norihiko , Nakagawa Satoshi , Suzuki Yasuyuki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThorough preoperative risk assessment and planning is key to improving patient safety in the perioperative period. Analysis of unplanned ICU admissions after general anesthesia has been validated as a measure of patient safety and its use as a quality initiative is recommended in many countries.AimsThe aims of this study were to determine the reasons for unplanned ICU admission, required interventions, and outcomes after general anesthesia in our hospital, as well as predictability and preventability of the events that led to admission with a view to improving anesthetic management.MethodsA single‐center, retrospective cohort study in a tertiary children's hospital was performed. All patients under the age of 18 years admitted to our PICU between June 2014 and May 2021 were included. Unplanned ICU admission after general anesthesia was defined as an admission to the ICU either immediately postoperatively or after recovery room stay, which was not planned preoperatively. The reasons for ICU admission were classified as anesthesia‐related, surgical, medical, or mixed. Required intervention, length of ICU stay, and patient outcome of each group, as well as preventability and predictability of the events were investigated.ResultsThere were 75 admissions, representing 0.23% of all general anesthesia procedures during the study period. “Anesthesia‐related” was the major reason for admission of which the majority required observation only or transient respiratory support with a median ICU stay of two days. Most of the admissions for medical reasons required disease‐specific interventions resulting in the longest ICU stays with a median of six days. A total of 19% of the admissions were preventable, where most of them were for anesthesia‐related reasons, and 33% were predictable. Seven patients required cardiopulmonary resuscitation, of which one patient died, giving an observed mortality rate of 1.3% overall. All but one patient who died demonstrated no changes in the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) scale.Conclusion“Anesthesia‐related” was the leading reason for unplanned ICU admissions, of which the majority required only observation or transient respiratory support. All but one patient who died demonstrated no changes in the PCPC scale, presenting favorable outcome overall.
How does attachment style affect psychosis? A systematic review of causal mechanisms and guide to future inquiry
Authors: Partridge Olivia , Maguire Tess , Newman‐Taylor Katherine 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe link between attachment and psychosis is now well established, but less is known about the causal mechanisms underlying this relationship. This systematic review synthesises the studies that examine mediating mechanisms in the attachment and psychosis relationship, in both clinical and non‐clinical samples.MethodWe conducted a database search (PsychINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science) to identify all eligible studies irrespective of publication status, the language of article or article date. We assessed methodological quality and completed a narrative synthesis given the heterogeneity of studies to date.ResultsWe identified 17 papers, comprising 3,672 participants. The relationship between attachment and psychosis is mediated by four variables or groups of variables. There is good evidence for the causal role of affective factors (affective dysregulation and affective disturbances) and cognitive factors (e.g., self‐beliefs and self‐esteem and beliefs about symptoms). Affective factors differed by attachment style. Tentative evidence was found for the role of duration of untreated psychosis and baseline negative symptoms.ConclusionsCognitive and affective factors mediate the relationship between attachment style and psychosis. Whilst cognitive factors are routinely targeted in recommended psychological interventions for psychosis, affective factors and attachment style are less commonly considered. Psychological therapies may be improved by calibrating cognitive and affective interventions by attachment style, which should be subjected to experimental and then field studies to assess the impact on clinical and recovery outcomes.Practitioner points

The relationship between attachment and psychosis is now well established, and studies have started to examine mediating mechanisms.

Affective and cognitive factors mediate the attachment‐psychosis relationship. Affective factors differ by attachment style.

There is limited evidence for the duration of untreated psychosis and negative psychotic symptoms as mediating mechanisms, and research replication is needed.

Cognitive factors are routinely targeted in recommended psychological therapies for psychosis, but affective factors and attachment style are less commonly considered. Research should be conducted into the effectiveness of psychological therapies which calibrate cognitive and affective interventions, according to attachment style.
ZmTE1 promotes plant height by regulating intercalary meristem formation and internode cell elongation in maize
Authors: Wang Fengxia , Yu Zipeng , Zhang Maolin , Wang Mengli , Lu Xiaoduo , Liu Xia , Li Yubin , Zhang Xiansheng , Tan Bao‐cai , Li Cuiling , Ding Zhaojun 
Published: October 2021

SummaryMaize height is determined by the number of nodes and the length of internodes. Node number is driven by intercalary meristem formation and internode length by intercalary cell elongation, respectively. However, mechanisms regulating establishment of nodes and internode growth are unclear. We screened EMS‐induced maize mutants and identified a dwarf mutant zm66, linked to a single base change in TERMINAL EAR 1 (ZmTE1). Detailed phenotypic analysis revealed that zm66 (zmte1‐2) has shorter internodes and increased node numbers, caused by decreased cell elongation and disordered intercalary meristem formation, respectively. Transcriptome analysis showed that auxin signalling genes are also dysregulated in zmte1‐2, as are cell elongation and cell cycle‐related genes. This argues that ZmTE1 regulates auxin signalling, cell division, and cell elongation. We found that the ZmWEE1 kinase phosphorylates ZmTE1, thus confining it to the nucleus and probably reducing cell division. In contrast, the ZmPP2Ac‐2 phosphatase promotes dephosphorylation and cytoplasmic localization of ZmTE1, as well as cell division. Taken together, ZmTE1, a key regulator of plant height, is responsible for maintaining organized formation of internode meristems and rapid cell elongation. ZmWEE1 and ZmPP2Ac‐2 might balance ZmTE1 activity, controlling cell division and elongation to maintain normal maize growth.
Increased use of split liver grafts in adult recipients following implementation of a pediatric liver transplant program
Authors: Vargas Paola Andrea , Cullen Jonathan Michael , Dalzell Christina , DiPaola Frank , Pelletier Shawn , Soltys Kyle A. , Mazariegos George Vincent , Oberholzer Jose , Goldaracena Nicolas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSplit liver transplantation (SLT) is a strategy to address organ shortage, but is a technically more demanding procedure than whole graft liver transplantation (LT). We aimed to determine the outcomes following SLT in adult recipients as well as to highlight the impact that having a pediatric LT program has on SLT implementation.MethodsAll SLTs conducted at a single‐center from 2010 to 2019 were identified. Patient data was obtained through retrospective review of the electronic medical record. Kaplan–Meier analysis assessed primary outcomes of 1‐,3‐, and 5‐year graft and patient survival.ResultsWe identified 37 SLTs performed at our institution from 2010 to 2019. Twenty‐four donated livers resulted in 21 extended right lobes and 16 left lateral segments for adults and pediatrics recipients, respectively. Eighty‐one percent (30/37) of the SLTs were performed after introduction of the combined pediatric program in 2016. 13/24 donor livers were split with both grafts allocated and used at our institution and 92% occurred after introduction of the pediatric program. Graft survival rates at 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐years were 94% in adult recipients and 100% for all time periods in pediatric recipients. Actuarial post‐transplant patient survival was 100% at 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐years in both.ConclusionsThe introduction of a pediatric liver transplantation program resulted in more than a fourfold increase in the number of SLTs performed at our center. Increase in allocation and use of both grafts at our institution was also seen.
Deference Done Better
Authors: Dorst Kevin , Levinstein Benjamin A. , Salow Bernhard , Husic Brooke E. , Fitelson Branden 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere are many things—call them ‘experts'—that you should defer to in forming your opinions. The trouble is, many experts aremodest: they're less than certain that they are worthy of deference. When this happens, the standard theories of deference break down: the most popular (“Reflection”‐style) principles collapse to inconsistency, while their most popular (“New‐Reflection”‐style) variants allow you to defer to someone while regarding them as ananti‐expert. We propose a middle way: deferring to someone involves preferring to make any decision using their opinions instead of your own. In a slogan,deferring opinions is deferring decisions. Generalizing the proposal of Dorst (2020a), we first formulate a new principle that shows exactly how your opinions must relate to an expert's for this to be so. We then build off the results of Levinstein (2019) and Campbell‐Moore (2020) to show that this principle is also equivalent to the constraint that you must always expect the expert's estimates to be more accurate than your own. Finally, we characterize the conditions an expert's opinions must meet to be worthy of deference in this sense, showing how they sit naturally between the too‐strong constraints of Reflection and the too‐weak constraints of New Reflection.
A vertically transmitted amalgavirus is present in certain accessions of the bryophyte Physcomitrium patens
Authors: Vendrell‐Mir Pol , Perroud Pierre‐François , Haas Fabian B. , Meyberg Rabea , Charlot Florence , Rensing Stefan A. , Nogué Fabien , Casacuberta Josep M. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryIn the last few years, next‐generation sequencing techniques have started to be used to identify new viruses infecting plants. This has allowed to rapidly increase our knowledge on viruses other than those causing symptoms in economically important crops. Here we used this approach to identify a virus infecting Physcomitrium patens that has the typical structure of the double‐stranded RNA endogenous viruses of the Amalgaviridae family, which we named Physcomitrium patens amalgavirus 1, or PHPAV1. PHPAV1 is present only in certain accessions of P. patens, where its RNA can be detected throughout the cell cycle of the plant. Our analysis demonstrates that PHPAV1 can be vertically transmitted through both paternal and maternal germlines, in crosses between accessions that contain the virus with accessions that do not contain it. This work suggests that PHPAV1 can replicate in genomic backgrounds different from those that actually contain the virus and opens the door for future studies on virus–host coevolution.
Corrections
Authors: Gordon Neil E. , Cajori F. 
Published: October 2021

The article entitled "Gels and Theory of Adsorption" given in the December fourteenth issue of SCIENCE reads on page 496 as follows: pH < 1.217 pH > 1.217 but should read: pH > 1.217 pH < 1.217
In SCIENCE, 1924, p. 10, first column, line 2 up, for "eighteen" read "thirty-one."
Short-term effects of levosimendan use for venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Boyu , Zhao Tong , Guo Bingyan , Li Yongjun 
Published: October 2021

Objective: Levosimendan has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of cardiogenic shock and facilitate weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. However, the beneficial effects of levosimendan treatment on hospital outcomes in patients receiving venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) are uncertain. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the short-term effects of levosimendan use for patients undergoing VA-ECMO. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for English articles published from inception to July 15, 2021. Observational studies comparing levosimendan versus non- levosimendan for VA-ECMO were considered eligible for the current study. Results: Nine observational studies with 1058 patients were included. In-hospital mortality was 46.3% in the levosimendan group as compared with 50.7% in the control group. Levosimendan significantly reduced in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing VA-ECMO compared with the control group (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67–0.95; p = 0.013). The incidence of weaning from VA-ECMO was 79.3% in the levosimendan group as compared with 63.4% in the control group. Levosimendan significantly increase the incidence of weaning from VA-ECMO in patients as compared with the control group (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.07–1.34; p = 0.002). In the one-way sensitivity analysis for estimating the effect of each study on mortality or weaning from VA-ECMO, omission of each study did not make a significant difference. Conclusions: Our study indicates that levosimendan use significantly reduced in-hospital mortality and increase the incidence of weaning in patients undergoing VA-ECMO.
Life-threatening sustained hypocalcemia following Denosumab use in metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Patell Kanchi , Ajay Kumar , Al Armashi Abdul Rahman , Bawwab Ameed , Ravakhah Keyvan 
Published: October 2021

Introduction Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer among men worldwide in 2020. Skeletal-related events (SRE) like pathologic fracture or spinal cord compression are commonly seen in metastatic prostate cancer. Denosumab, a monoclonal antibody, acts by inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in bone metastasis from solid tumors and reduces bone turnover and destruction. However, there is an increased risk of life-threatening denosumab-induced hypocalcemia with an incidence of 0.1 to 12.8%. Case report Our patient is a 69-year-old man with widespread skeletal metastatic disease from primary prostate cancer who presented to the hospital complaining of generalized fatigue and joint pain. Due to severe debilitating low back pain secondary to osteochondral lesions, the patient was started on Denosumab 120 mg. On presentation, serum calcium was found to be severely low at 5.9 mg/dl (serum calcium level prior to Denosumab was 9.1 mg/dl). Management and outcome Denosumab was discontinued immediately, and the patient was started on IV calcium gluconate. Repeat serum calcium level continued to be low at 6.7 likely due to the long elimination half-life of Denosumab (25–30 days). He was transferred to a long-term acute care facility for long-term IV calcium replacement, where he succumbed to illness six weeks later. Discussion Denosumab, an anti-resorptive treatment for skeletal metastasis from solid tumors, is shown to cause severe life-threatening hypocalcemia. The maximum serum drug level of Denosumab reaches 7–21 days after administration. Sustained hypocalcemia is rare and life-threatening. Clinicians should use this medication with caution due to its unpredictable side effect profile.
A Latina Community’s Evaluation of the Culturally Adapted Conexiones Program
Authors: Garcia Isela , Palacios Rebecca L. , Reyes Clara 
Published: October 2021

Background Enhancing Connections (EC) is an evidence-based intervention that promotes communication between cancer-diagnosed mothers and their school-age children. EC was validated with college-educated non-Latina White mothers of privileged socioeconomic status. Latina researchers culturally adapted EC for Latina mothers diagnosed with cancer and renamed it Conexiones. Following cultural adaptation guidelines, the next recommended step was to engage the new consumer group (Latina mothers) in evaluating the newly adapted educational materials. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cognitive and cultural fit of the newly adapted Conexiones educational materials for use with Latina mothers diagnosed with cancer. Method Eighteen Latina mothers participated in focus groups evaluating the Conexiones educational materials. An inductive approach was used to identify problem areas and recommendations for corrections to the Conexiones program content. Results Within the cognitive-informational dimension, recommendations were made to improve the ease of comprehension in the Spanish version of the program. Recommendations within the affective-motivational dimension described the cultural adjustments needed to more effectively engage cancer-diagnosed Latina mothers in the Conexiones program. Implications for Practice. Engagement of the new consumer group in evaluating the initial adaptation of Conexiones served to identify additional cognitive-informational and affective-motivational corrections needed to further refine the cultural adaptation of the Conexiones program. This study reinforced the importance of community engagement in evaluating and refining newly adapted evidence-based interventions.
Dental Visits for Autistic Children: A Qualitative Focus Group Study of Parental Perceptions
Authors: Parry J.A. , Newton T. , Linehan C. , Ryan C. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Patient groups who pose behavioral challenges during dental attendance may be offered more restricted dental treatment options. Unsuccessful participation with dental visit tasks and demands has been commonly reported for autistic children. Objectives: This study aimed to examine parental perceptions of difficulties associated with dental attendance and oral care for autistic children and young adults, to highlight reported challenges and potential adaptations, and to identify interventions that will encourage positive experiences of dental attendance. Methods: Qualitative data were gathered through 2 focus groups with parents of primary school and secondary school pupils with autism, interviewed in separate groups. Questions about parents’ perceptions of dental attendance and oral care were asked. The groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analyzed and initial codes generated. Development of subthemes and themes followed a process of thematic analysis. Results: Parental perceptions, which confirmed data from other studies, included the need for understanding and training, awareness of sensory issues, recognition of the individuality of autistic traits, time and clarity for communication, and factors affecting the confidence of parents to advocate in the clinical environment. Focus group participants identified the critical value of empathizing with an autistic perspective and highlighted the importance of positive oral health messages. They also noted the lack of understanding regarding the complexity of altering self-imposed, ritualistic dietary regimes and attempting to enact good dental preventive habits for their children. Conclusions: Analysis of data from parent focus groups provided a greater understanding of the needs and responsivity required for successful dental visits for autistic children and young adults. A range of potential interventions was identified and incorporated within a model of needs. Interventions based on Partnership Working, System Change, and Training of Dental Staff could be effective in reducing challenges posed by dental attendance for many children with autism. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Sensory sensitivities, communication difficulties, comorbid intellectual disability, and dental anxiety are barriers to successful participation during dental attendance for autistic children. This research proposes that interventions supporting Partnership Working, System Change, and Training of Dental Staff can reduce challenges posed by dental attendance. The model of interventions developed as part of this project can be used by oral care teams to help reduce barriers and improve the success of dental visits for autistic children.
Compassionate community structure and function: a standardised micro-model for end-of-life doulas and community members supporting those who wish to die at home
Authors: Mallon Annetta 
Published: October 2021

Background: End-of-life doulas are an emerging, non-medical support and advocacy role for the dying and their caregivers. As more and more people are dying at home, research shows end-of-life doulas are increasingly in demand as non-medical advocates and companions for the dying, and their friends and families. Compassionate communities are essential to those who wish to die at home by helping to avoid carer stress and burnout associated with physical and emotional labour when a person is at end of life. However, compassionate community models are top-down in nature as they focus on public policy, missing a domestic-scale, standardised design applicable when someone wishes to die at home. This gap affects care networks and communications and arguably hinders the work of end-of-life doulas. Aim: Findings from original qualitative research with end-of-life doulas in four countries demonstrated the importance of compassionate communities for death literacy and support for a person at end of life and their networks and that all practitioners were using ad hoc, variable approaches to compassionate community formation and maintenance. A micro-level standardised and replicable model for organising and maintaining compassionate communities for end-of-life doulas which completes the established compassionate community model was developed to fill this gap and provide a vital tool for end-of-life doulas and training programmes internationally. Methods: Thematic analysis of research data from qualitative semi-structured interviews with end-of-life doulas in four countries was undertaken and considered as a cohort as well as by country. Conclusions: A model was developed that addresses a gap in international approaches to practice, offering a standardised way to discuss, teach, and implement compassionate communities for end-of-life doulas in a variety of countries and languages. This article discusses the research and model in detail.