bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer-Associated Atherothrombosis: The Challenge
Authors: Naschitz Jochanan E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe association between venous thrombosis and malignancy, having typical features of a paraneoplastic syndrome, has been established for a century. Currently, it is recognized that arterial thromboembolism (ATE) may also behave as a paraneoplastic syndrome. Recent matched cohort studies, systematic reviews, and observational studies concur in showing an increased incidence of acute coronary events, ischemic stroke, accelerated peripheral arterial disease, and in-stent thrombosis during the 6-month period before cancer diagnosis, peaking for 30 days immediately before cancer diagnosis. Cancer patients with ATE are at higher risk of in-hospital and long-term mortality as compared with noncancer patients. In the present review, we focus on the epidemiology, clinical variants and presentation, morbidity, mortality, primary and secondary prevention, and treatment of cancer-associated ATE. The awareness that cancer can be a risk factor for ATE and that cancer therapy can initiate cardiovascular complications make it mandatory to identify high-risk patients, modify preexistent cardiovascular risk factors, and adopt effective antithrombotic prophylaxis. For ATE prophylaxis, modifiable patient-related risk factors and oncology treatment–related factors are levers for intervention. Statins and platelet antiaggregants have been studied, but their efficacy for prevention of cancer-associated ATE remains to be demonstrated. Results of revascularization procedures for cancer-associated ATE are worse than for ATE in noncancer patients. It is important that a multidisciplinary approach is adopted for making informed decisions, by involving the vascular surgeon, interventional radiologist, oncologist, and palliative medicine, as well as the patients and their family.
Malignant Large Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Muldoon Roberta L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLarge bowel obstruction is a serious and potentially life-threatening surgical emergency which is associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. The most common etiology is colorectal cancer which accounts for over 60% of all large bowel obstructions. Proper assessment, thoughtful decision-making and prompt treatment is necessary to decrease the high morbidity and mortality which is associated with this entity. Knowledge of the key elements regarding the presentation of a patient with a large bowel obstruction will help the surgeon in formulating an appropriate treatment plan for the patient. Comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the various treatment options available is necessary when caring for these patients. This chapter will review the presentation of patients with malignant large bowel obstruction, discuss the various diagnostic modalities available, as well as discuss treatment options and the various clinical scenarios in which they are most appropriately utilized.
Crohn's Disease Obstructions
Authors: Ford Molly M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObstruction from stricturing Crohn's disease remains one of the most common reasons for intervention. Acute inflammation is often responsive to medications, but chronic fibrosis is unlikely to respond and will generally go on to require additional treatment. Newer methods, such as endoscopic balloon dilation, are gaining grounds in strictures that are amenable, but with high recurrence and strictures that may not be endoscopically accessible, surgery still plays a key role in the treatment of obstructing Crohn's disease.
Postcolonoscopy Colorectal Cancer: An Overview and Future Directions
Authors: Saikaly Elias , Saad Melissa Kyriakos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOver the past decade, there has been a great interest in postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC). Its etiology is complex and multifactorial. Monitoring for PCCRC is even more complex. The strategies to decrease the incidence of PCCRC start by defining the problem, identifying the factors contributing to its development, followed by an attempt to define methods to decrease its incidence. We believe that the quality of the colonoscopy and the endoscopist's expertise are the key factors in decreasing the incidence of PCCRC.
Electrical Status Epilepticus during Sleep and Evaluating the Electroencephalogram
Authors: Drees Michael , Kulkarni Neil , Vidaurre Jorge 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElectrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) is an age-related, self-limited epileptic encephalopathy characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations and a specific electroencephalographic pattern of continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep. The etiology of ESES is not completely clear, although structural brain lesions, abnormal immunological markers, and genetic mutations have been associated with the syndrome. ESES was first described in 1971 and since then, the diagnostic criteria have changed multiple times. Additionally, inconsistency between authors in how to record and evaluate the electroencephalogram also leads to variability between studies. These inconsistencies hamper objectivity, comparison, and generalization. Because of this, one of the first priorities of physicians treating this condition should be defining the parameters of this disease so that cooperative building can occur.
Hepaticocystic Duct in an Era of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Gandhi Jignesh A. , Shinde Pravin , Chaudhari Sadashiv N. , Banker Amay 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe biliary tract is notorious for its variable anatomy. A persistent hepaticocystic duct with agenesis of common bile duct is a rare biliary anomaly that creates a diagnostic dilemma and can add to the operative difficulties. It is important to diagnose this anomaly preoperatively since the gallbladder forms an integral part of bilioenteric continuity and an inadvertent cholecystectomy can lead to a surgical catastrophe. If diagnosed, surgeons can plan definitive treatment in the form of biliary diversion. We present a case of a 22-year-old man, who presented to us with obstructive jaundice and cholangitis. The biliary system was decompressed initially with a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and an endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram established the diagnosis of a type IV hepaticocystic duct preoperatively in our case. Since diagnosis was made prior to operative intervention, we were able to perform a cholecystojejunostomy to maintain biliary continuity. The patient was discharged with an uneventful postoperative course. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such a variation being diagnosed preoperatively. We are also presenting a brief review of literature about persistent hepaticocystic ducts and the embryological basis of their origin.
Left-Sided Bochdalek's Hernia in a Young Adult: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Portelli Mark , Bugeja Mark , Cini Charles 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose Bochdalek's hernia is a type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia occurring secondary to a defect in the posterior attachment of diaphragm. This condition commonly presents with respiratory insufficiency in infants. To date, there are less than 100 cases of Bochdalek's hernia presenting in adults published in the literature. The mainstay treatment of Bochdalek's hernia involves reduction of hernial contents back into the peritoneal cavity with a tensionless graft repair closing the diaphragmatic defect.
Case Presentation We present an atypical case of the Bochdalek hernia presenting in a previously healthy 16-year-old male who presented to the Accident and Emergency department with a 2-day history of dysphagia and loss of breath. The Bochdalek hernia was confirmed on computed tomography (CT) imaging and the patient underwent surgical repair with Gore-Tex mesh.
Conclusion The report shows a rare case of the Bochdalek hernia in a young adult, successfully managed with a laparotomy.
Screening for Inherited Metabolic Disorders by Tandem Mass Spectrometry May Miss L-2 Hydroxy Glutaric Aciduria: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Baskar Dipti , Nashi Saraswati , P. Srijithesh Rajendran , Arunachal Gautham , Christopher Rita , Kulkarni Girish B. , Alladi Survarna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractL-2 hydroxy glutaric aciduria (L-2HGA) is an autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder. It is characterized by a variety of clinical features and typical radiological features which aids in diagnosis. We report two cases that presented with unexplained intellectual impairment and seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain showed characteristic features of L-2HGA. Tandem mass spectrometry was negative in both cases. Genetic analysis was done based on typical imaging features which confirmed the diagnosis of L-2HGA. For patients with unexplained developmental delay and typical MRI features, a high degree of suspicion is necessary to confirm the diagnosis with targeted genetic analysis.
Why Is the Electronic Health Record So Challenging for Research and Clinical Care?
Authors: Holmes John H. , Beinlich James , Boland Mary R. , Bowles Kathryn H. , Chen Yong , Cook Tessa S. , Demiris George , Draugelis Michael , Fluharty Laura , Gabriel Peter E. , Grundmeier Robert , Hanson C. William , Herman Daniel S. , Himes Blanca E. , Hubbard Rebecca A. , Kahn Charles E. , Kim Dokyoon , Koppel Ross , Long Qi , Mirkovic Nebojsa , Morris Jeffrey S. , Mowery Danielle L. , Ritchie Marylyn D. , Urbanowicz Ryan , Moore Jason H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background The electronic health record (EHR) has become increasingly ubiquitous. At the same time, health professionals have been turning to this resource for access to data that is needed for the delivery of health care and for clinical research. There is little doubt that the EHR has made both of these functions easier than earlier days when we relied on paper-based clinical records. Coupled with modern database and data warehouse systems, high-speed networks, and the ability to share clinical data with others are large number of challenges that arguably limit the optimal use of the EHR
Objectives Our goal was to provide an exhaustive reference for those who use the EHR in clinical and research contexts, but also for health information systems professionals as they design, implement, and maintain EHR systems.
Methods This study includes a panel of 24 biomedical informatics researchers, information technology professionals, and clinicians, all of whom have extensive experience in design, implementation, and maintenance of EHR systems, or in using the EHR as clinicians or researchers. All members of the panel are affiliated with Penn Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and have experience with a variety of different EHR platforms and systems and how they have evolved over time.
Results Each of the authors has shared their knowledge and experience in using the EHR in a suite of 20 short essays, each representing a specific challenge and classified according to a functional hierarchy of interlocking facets such as usability and usefulness, data quality, standards, governance, data integration, clinical care, and clinical research.
Conclusion We provide here a set of perspectives on the challenges posed by the EHR to clinical and research users.
Effectiveness of the flipped classroom model on students’ self-reported motivation and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Campillo-Ferrer José María , Miralles-Martínez Pedro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of the flipped classroom on Education students’ perceptions of their learning and motivation during the current pandemic. The sample consisted of 179 student teachers from the Faculty of Education of the University of Murcia in the academic year 2020–2021, in which the flipped classroom model was implemented. Identical surveys were administered and examined through both descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests. Statistically significant differences were found between pre-tests and post-tests with experienced students scoring higher on average in the latter. Most students had a positive perception about the flipped classroom, noting the advantage of practical in-class activities, as well as increased self-autonomy in learning.
High-performance n-type transistors based on CVD-grown large-domain trilayer WSe2
Authors: Wang Xin , Shi Xinhang , Gu Chengru , Guo Qi , Liu Honggang , Li Xuefei , Wu Yanqing 
Published: July 2021

Atomically thin layered tungsten diselenide (WSe2) has attracted tremendous research attention for its potential applications in next-generation electronics. This article reports the synthesis method of high-quality monolayer to trilayer WSe2 by molten-salt-assisted chemical vapor deposition. With the optimization of different types of molten salts and depths of corundum boat, large trilayer WSe2 films can be grown with domain size up to 80 µm for the first time. A systematic study of the electrical properties of the n-type field-effect transistor has been carried out based on WSe2 with the above three different layer thicknesses. The trilayer WSe2 devices exhibit higher drive current, mobility, on/off ratio, and lower contact resistance than both bilayer and monolayer counterparts. Moreover, short channel transistors using the trilayer WSe2 with a channel length of 230 nm have been fabricated, exhibiting an excellent on/off ratio up to 108 and a high current density of 187 µA/μm. This facile synthesis of high-quality large-area multilayer WSe2 provides a pathway for future high-performance two-dimensional electronic devices.
Quantifying COVID-19 importation risk in a dynamic network of domestic cities and international countries
Authors: Han Xiaoyi , Xu Yilan , Fan Linlin , Huang Yi , Xu Minhong , Gao Song 
Published: July 2021

Significance
In the COVID-19 pandemic, countries need to manage both the domestic spread and the spread of the virus from foreign countries, with their relative urgency varying over time. Based on a dynamic network of cities and countries connected by travel flows, we demonstrate that imported cases would have a limited effect on a country’s confirmed cases if domestic transmission mechanisms had been muted or significantly weakened. However, uncontrolled domestic disease transmission can fuel the spread from abroad to domestic. We show that domestic transmissibility controls should be prioritized over travel restrictions and international transmissibility controls to limit the virus spread from abroad. Our research sheds light on the proper timing to reopen borders under different domestic disease control scenarios.
Termite gas emissions select for hydrogenotrophic microbial communities in termite mounds
Authors: Chiri Eleonora , Nauer Philipp A. , Lappan Rachael , Jirapanjawat Thanavit , Waite David W. , Handley Kim M. , Hugenholtz Philip , Cook Perran L. M. , Arndt Stefan K. , Greening Chris 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceTermites are textbook examples of the “extended phenotype” given their ability to construct complex mounds and regulate environments. Here, we show that termites also control microbial composition and biogeochemical cycling in their mounds through their emissions of hydrogen. These emissions drive remarkable enrichments of mound bacteria that use hydrogen to drive aerobic respiration and sometimes carbon fixation (i.e., lithoautotrophs). Such mound communities efficiently consume all termite-produced hydrogen and even mediate atmospheric uptake, while termite-produced methane escapes to the atmosphere. This provides further evidence that hydrogen is a major substrate for aerobic bacteria and that the terrestrial hydrogen sink is highly responsive to elevated emissions.
Engaging with customer’s emotions
Authors: Pérez Blanco María , Izquierdo Marlén 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInformational-persuasive discourse may be encoded in promotional strategies through which a given product is described in a positive way to persuade potential customers. For this, evaluation may appeal to reason or may tickle emotions (Cook, 2001). This study compares the way in which advertising texts for herbal tea engage with customers’ emotions in English and in Spanish. We examined the strategies of ‘enjoying the experience’ and ‘aesthetic appeal’ from an Appraisal Theory approach (Martin and White, 2005). We categorised these according to the attitude sub-systems of ‘affect’, ‘appreciation’, and ‘judgement’, determined how explicit the evaluation was, and identified gradable resources. Results show that English texts display more ‘affect’-like resources that can awaken a desire in the customer. By contrast, in the Spanish sample ‘appreciation’ resources that evaluate the composition of the product play a greater role. ‘Enjoying the experience’ seems to engage with the customers’ emotions more overtly than ‘aesthetic appeal’.
Rethinking the procedural in policy instrument ‘Compounds’: a renewable energy policy perspective
Authors: Mukherjee Ishani 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTContemporary research in the policy sciences places effectiveness as the central goal of policy design. This emphasis permeates both micro-level design considerations for specific policy calibrations, as well as more meso-level policy tool and tool mixes. Effective instrument design, therefore, augments the task of looking at individual tools to considering them as tool ‘compounds’, that comprise of substantive and procedural means interacting through the process of designing tools and subsequent tool calibrations. The academic study of policy tools thus far has proffered several perspectives on how they can individually be distinguished by their different substantive components and categorized based on common governance resources that need to be mobilized to create them. However, it is eventually how well policy tools are able to coordinate the support of common procedural means and how well they are able to align their enactment plans, which determine how effectively they work together as a deliberate toolkit. In line with the growing literature on policy design and multi-component policy means, this paper magnifies policy instrument design as a complex of procedural and substantive means. To illustrate the notion of such design compounds, this paper synopsizes the state of knowledge on the formulation of three classes of energy policies as an illustration of how substantive and procedural components interact during policy instrument design.
Purcell radiative rate enhancement of label-free proteins with ultraviolet aluminum plasmonics
Authors: Barulin Aleksandr , Roy Prithu , Claude Jean-Benoît , Wenger Jérôme 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The vast majority of proteins are intrinsically fluorescent in the ultraviolet, thanks to the emission from their tryptophan and tyrosine amino-acid constituents. However, the protein autofluorescence quantum yields are generally very low due to the prevailing quenching mechanisms by other amino acids inside the protein. This motivates the interest to enhance the radiative emission rate of proteins using nanophotonic structures. Although there have been numerous reports of Purcell effect and local density of optical states control in the visible range using single dipole quantum emitters, the question remains open to apply these concepts in the UV on real proteins containing several tryptophan and tyrosine amino acids arranged in a highly complex manner. Here, we report the first complete characterization of the Purcell effect and radiative rate enhancement for the UV intrinsic fluorescence of label-free β-galactosidase and streptavidin proteins in plasmonic aluminum nanoapertures. We find an excellent agreement with a calibration performed using a high quantum yield UV fluorescent dye. Demonstrating and intensifying the Purcell effect is essential for the applications of UV plasmonics and the label-free detection of single proteins.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of a model for the effect of variable ages at reproduction
Authors: Lou Yijun , Zhang Yuxiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Some species may have totally different ages at successful reproduction (ages at maturity) in population growth. For example, Ixodes ticks, a vector species responsible for many tick-borne diseases, may suspend development and undergo diapause during maturation process, which naturally introduce distinct ages at reproduction. Although the age at reproduction is a key demographic trait that is probably under high selective pressure, it is highly variable and the effect of this variability on spatial establishment and invasion is not well understood. In this study, a spatial mechanistic model, in the form of reaction diffusion equations with nonlocal terms incorporating two different ages at reproduction, is formulated and mathematically analyzed from a dynamical system point of view. Specifically, the persistence of the species in a bounded domain can be predicted by the net reproduction number and the spreading property in an unbounded domain in terms of spreading speed and traveling waves is characterized. Numerical simulations are conducted to further illustrate the impact of ages at reproduction on the net reproduction number and the spreading speed of the species, in particular for various scenarios of fitness tradeoffs of the premature survival and early reproduction.
Warp factor and the gravitational wave spectrum
Authors: Andriot David , Marconnet Paul , Tsimpis Dimitrios 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A distinct signature of compact extra dimensions would be a Kaluza-Klein tower of gravitational waves. Motivated by this prospect, we compute the corresponding spectrum on a warped toroidal background. We evaluate in particular the impact of the warp factor on the spectrum. To that end, we use the complete warp factor H of standard string compactifications, generated by D-branes and orientifolds, thus connecting to recent works on stringy de Sitter constructions. The problematic region close to an orientifold where H < 0 leads to unphysical tachyonic modes in the spectrum. We develop tools that overcome this difficulty and lead to a tachyon-free spectrum. We show, in particular, that the warp factor can lower the first Kaluza-Klein mass by at least 69%.