bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid gain performance‐based random event‐triggered filter of positive semi‐Markovian jump systems with intermittent sensor faults
Authors: Zhang Suhuan , Zhang Junfeng , Zheng Gang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a new random event‐triggering scheme to design filter of positive semi‐Markovian jump systems with intermittent sensor faults. To obtain a balance of saving network resources and improving system performance, a random event‐triggering mechanism consisting of time‐ and event‐triggering modes is constructed. A Bernoulli distribution‐based stochastic variable is introduced to orchestrate the switching of two triggering modes. A concept of hybrid gain performance is presented to guarantee that the filter can attenuate the affect from the disturbance and sensor faults. Then, a random event‐triggered filter is designed for positive semi‐Markovian jump systems subject to intermittent sensor faults. Under the designed filter, hybrid gain performance is achieved. Furthermore, the proposed approach is extended to the systems with stochastically incorrect sensor measurement. A linear programming method is employed for describing and computing the presented conditions. Finally, the validity of the results is verified via two examples.
Structures and electronic properties of functional molecules on metal substrates: From single molecule to self‐assemblies
Authors: Tao Lei , Zhang Yu‐yang , Du Shixuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFunctional molecules and their assemblies have attracted considerable attention arising from not only diverse structures with novel properties but also potential applications in molecular devices. The novel properties, which determine their applications, are strongly related to their structures. In recent years, benefiting from the development of atomically precise control technique of the structures, a lot of new materials constructing from molecules with novel properties emerged. Their novel properties enable them to be potentially applied in molecular spintronics, high‐density data storage, selective reaction and quantum topological devices, and so on. The present review focuses on new progress in predicting and controlling the structures and properties of functional molecules and their assemblies on metal surfaces by combining first‐principle calculations with scanning tunneling microscopy experiments. We aim at understanding the key factors which affect the physical and chemical properties of the metal–organic systems, especially from a theoretical perspective.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Strategies to counter disinformation for healthcare practitioners and policymakers
Authors: Neylan Julian H. , Patel Sonny S. , Erickson Timothy B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMedical disinformation has interfered with healthcare workers' ability to communicate with the general population in a wide variety of public health contexts globally. This has limited the effectiveness of evidence‐based medicine and healthcare capacity. Disinformation campaigns often try to integrate or co‐opt healthcare workers in their practices which hinders effective health communication. We describe a critical overview of issues health practitioners and communicators have experienced when dealing with medical disinformation online and offline as well as best practices to overcome these issues when disseminating health information. This article lists disinformation techniques that have yet to be used against the medical community but need to be considered in future communication planning as they may be highly effective. We also present broad policy recommendations and considerations designed to mitigate the effectiveness of medical disinformation campaigns.
Using social network analysis to inform on the process of one‐male‐unit formation of hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) in captivity
Authors: Molinaro Holly G. , Minier Darren , Jaffe Karin E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) live in a complex multilevel social system with the one‐male‐unit (OMU) at the core. OMUs consist of an adult alpha male with one or several adult females, their dependent offspring and, sometimes a few follower males. Previous research has documented that OMUs form in four distinct ways in wild populations. In December 2015, Oakland Zoo introduced two juvenile males into the hamadryas baboon exhibit. At the time of this study, these males were approaching sexual maturity. The complex social structure of this species and the changing social dynamics that might result as they reach sexual maturity provide a unique opportunity to utilize social network analysis (SNA) methods to examine OMU formation in a captive setting with an eye toward potential management strategies. SNA is a visualization method of looking at social data that allows researchers to understand sociality in terms of the importance of each individual, any subgroups, as well as the larger overall group dynamic. Behavioral and proximity data were collected over 6 months (July–December 2019). These data were then transformed into networks to analyze the two now subadult males’ behavior over time. We found that one of the subadult males began the formation of his first OMU following one of the four pathways found in wild studies. Despite changing group dynamics, overall group cohesion remained unchanged. This study reveals hamadryas OMU formation patterns in captivity following the initial unit pathway as well as suggests potential welfare management issues that might arise.
The Emergence of Healthcare Systems
Authors: Polte Alexander , Haunss Sebastian , Schmid Achim , de Carvalho Gabriela , Rothgang Heinz 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSome sort of medical infrastructure has existed in all modern states and dependent territories. However, healthcare systems that provide legal entitlements to medical care at least for specific groups of the population, and that regulate access to and provision of healthcare on a national level only came into existence at the end of the nineteenth century. In our chapter, we trace the global emergence of healthcare systems and test whether their introduction date is related to a diffusion process through networks of trade, culture or health-related cooperation, or whether it is mainly influenced by domestic medical needs, capabilities, and wealth.
From Geneva to the World? Global Network Diffusion of Antidiscrimination Legislation in Employment and Occupation: The ILO’s C111
Authors: Hahs Jenny 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe adoption of the Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111) marked ILO’s first endorsement to universal non-discrimination and an early equal opportunity approach at work. Albeit considered to be premised upon “a traditional, formal-equality and formal-workplace vision of antidiscrimination law,” the convention marked a genuine new strand in international standard-setting in the Post-World War II and Philadelphia Declaration time. However, due to the implicit formal vision, it is assumed that ratification was more attractive and more feasible for countries of the Global North first. Following, this behavior diffused through colonial ties time-varying toward the Global South. Whether this assumption holds will also be studied regarding the moderating effects of networks of culture, trade, and regional proximity.
The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community
Authors: Seitzer Helen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInclusion and protection of the LGBTQ+ community is a newly rising topic in the debate regarding the generosity of social policies worldwide. The adoption of regulations giving LGBTQ+ community the same rights and protections in regard to work- and social life is tied to local and global culture. The contribution of this chapter is to test, if culture, economic ties, spatial proximity, or colonial rule have any influence on the diffusion of antidiscrimination regulations in the workplace for the LGBTQ+ community. The results show, that local conditions have a greater impact on the implementation of these laws than transnational networks.
Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‑/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) bei Erwachsenen in den klinischen Beschreibungen und klassifikatorischen Reflexionen von Gustav Specht (1905) und Hermann Paul Nitsche (1910)
Authors: Steinberg Holger , Strauß Maria 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungEs verstetigt sich die Ansicht, dass die adulte Form der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‑/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) kein Konstrukt der modernen Psychiatrie ist. Die Geschichte der Psychiatrie kann hier einen aufklärenden Beitrag leisten. Diesem Anspruch und konkret Literaturverweisen Emil Kraepelins (1856–1926) folgend, wird hier jeweils eine Studie von Gustav Specht (1860–1940) und dem späteren NS-Psychiater Hermann Paul Nitsche (1876–1948) aus den Jahren 1905 bzw. 1910 zum Themenfeld chronische Manie inhaltlich analysiert. Wir gelangen zu dem Schluss, dass beide Autoren in mehreren Kasuistiken Kranke schildern und in ihre klinischen Erörterungen Aspekte einfließen lassen, die die heute so definierten Kernsymptome der adulten ADHS berühren oder in denen sich aktuell diskutierte Forschungsfragen wiederfinden. Beide Autoren drücken ihre Unzufriedenheit mit der klassifikatorischen Situation dieser Kranken in ihrer Zeit aus. Specht postuliert die „chronische Manie“, unter der er die adulten ADHS-Patienten einfasst, sogar als eine „völlig selbständige Geisteskrankheit“, die von den Psychiatern aber kaum als vollwertige Krankheitsform anerkannt, sondern eher als Verlegenheitsdiagnose verwendet werde. Nitsche sieht die von ihm sog. „chronisch-manischen Zustände“ zwar als „klinische Eigenart“, rechnet sie aber der großen Gruppe des „manisch-depressiven Irreseins“ zu. In Zukunft erst werde diese feiner aufzuteilen sein.
A refinement-based development of a distributed signalling system
Authors: Stankaitis Paulius , Iliasov Alexei , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Aït-Ameur Yamine , Ishikawa Fuyuki , Romanovsky Alexander 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The decentralised railway signalling systems have a potential to
increase capacity, availability and reduce maintenance costs of
railway networks. However, given the safety-critical nature of
railway signalling and the complexity of novel distributed
signalling solutions, their safety should be guaranteed by using
thorough system validation methods. To achieve such a high-level of
safety assurance of these complex signalling systems, scenario-based
testing methods are far from being sufficient despite that they are
still widely used in the industry. Formal verification is an
alternative approach which provides a rigorous approach to verifying
complex systems and has been successfully used in the railway
domain. Despite the successes, little work has been done in applying
formal methods for distributed railway systems. In our research we
are working towards a multifaceted formal development methodology of
complex railway signalling systems. The methodology is based on the
Event-B modelling language which provides an expressive modelling
language, a stepwise development and a proof-based model
verification. In this paper, we present the application of the
methodology for the development and verification of a distributed
protocol for reservation of railway sections. The main challenge of
this work is developing a distributed protocol which ensures safety
and liveness of the distributed railway system when message delays
are allowed in the model.
Does genetic differentiation underlie behavioral divergence in response to migration barriers in sticklebacks? A common garden experiment
Authors: Ramesh A. , Domingues M. M. , Stamhuis E. J. , Groothuis T. G. G. , Weissing F. J. , Nicolaus M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWater management measures in the 1970s in the Netherlands have produced a large number of “resident” populations of three-spined sticklebacks that are no longer able to migrate to the sea. This may be viewed as a replicated field experiment, allowing us to study how the resident populations are coping with human-induced barriers to migration. We have previously shown that residents are smaller, bolder, more exploratory, more active, and more aggressive and exhibited lower shoaling and lower migratory tendencies compared to their ancestral “migrant” counterparts. However, it is not clear if these differences in wild-caught residents and migrants reflect genetic differentiation, rather than different developmental conditions. To investigate this, we raised offspring of four crosses (migrant ♂ × migrant ♀, resident ♂ × resident ♀, migrant ♂ × resident ♀, resident ♂ × migrant ♀) under similar controlled conditions and tested for differences in morphology and behavior as adults. We found that lab-raised resident sticklebacks exhibited lower shoaling and migratory tendencies as compared to lab-raised migrants, retaining the differences in their wild-caught parents. This indicates genetic differentiation of these traits. For all other traits, the lab-raised sticklebacks of the various crosses did not differ significantly, suggesting that the earlier-found contrast between wild-caught fish reflects differences in their environment. Our study shows that barriers to migration can lead to rapid differentiation in behavioral tendencies over contemporary timescales (~ 50 generations) and that part of these differences reflects genetic differentiation.Significance statementMany organisms face changes to their habitats due to human activities. Much research is therefore dedicated to the question whether and how organisms are able to adapt to novel conditions. We address this question in three-spined sticklebacks, where water management measures cut off some populations, prohibiting their seasonal migration to the North Sea. In a previous study, we showed that wild-caught “resident” fish exhibited markedly different behavior than migrants. To disentangle whether these differences reflect genetic differentiation or differences in the conditions under which the wild-caught fish grew up, we conducted crosses, raising the F1 offspring under identical conditions. As their wild-caught parents, the F1 of resident × resident crosses exhibited lower migratory and shoaling tendencies than the F1 of migrant × migrant crosses, while the F1 of hybrid crosses were intermediate. This suggests that ~ 50 years of isolation are sufficient to induce behaviorally relevant genetic differentiation.
National Trends in Cholecystectomy and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography During Index Hospitalization for Mild Gallstone Pancreatitis
Authors: Aziz Hassan , Segalini Nicole , Ahmed Zubair , Ahmad Shahzaib , Goodman Martin D. , Hertl Martin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines call for cholecystectomy during the index hospitalization for patients with gallstone pancreatitis. Therefore, the study sought to determine the trends for cholecystectomy and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for mild gallstone pancreatitis.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the 2010–2018 Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD) was performed to identify patients with mild gallstone pancreatitis. The primary aim was to identify the trends in the use of cholecystectomy in these patients, and the secondary aim was to assess if ERCP alone was protective against readmission.ResultsA total of 510,470 patients with mild gallstone pancreatitis were identified. There has been an increasing trend in ERCP use (25% in 2018 vs. 22% in 2010; p‐0.001) and a decline in cholecystectomy (37% in 2018 vs. 46% in 2010; p‐0.001) prior to discharge. Multivariate analysis revealed higher 30‐day readmission for patients who underwent ERCP without cholecystectomy (odds ratio1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–3.5) during the index admission.ConclusionsThere has been a decline in the use of cholecystectomy during index hospitalization for mild gallstone pancreatitis. In addition, ERCP was not protective against 30‐day readmission from mild gallstone pancreatitis.
Cryptosporidium spp. in wild murids (Rodentia) from Corsica, France
Authors: García-Livia Katherine , Fernández-Álvarez Ángela , Feliu Carlos , Miquel Jordi , Quilichini Yann , Foronda Pilar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCryptosporidium spp. are worldwide protozoan parasites that can affect to a broad range of vertebrate hosts, including rodents. In the island of Corsica (France), there are no previous data about these protozoa infecting wild rodents. To estimate the distribution and occurrence, a total of 117 wild murine rodents of the species Rattus rattus (84), Mus musculus domesticus (21), Apodemus sylvaticus (11), and Rattus norvegicus (1) were captured in 24 different biotopes. Fecal samples were screened for Cryptosporidium spp. by nested PCR to amplify an 830 bp fragment of the 18S rRNA gene. As general occurrence, 15.4% of the rodents analyzed were positive for Cryptosporidium spp., being detected widely distributed along the island in R. rattus (17.6%) and M. m. domesticus (14.3%). Cryptosporidium viatorum, Cryptosporidium sp. rat genotype II, and Cryptosporidium sp. rat genotype III were successfully identified in R. rattus. The results herein reported provide the first data on Cryptosporidium spp. in wild murine species from a Mediterranean island and constitute the first report of the zoonotic species C. viatorum in R. rattus. Although a low occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in murids was obtained and only in one animal the zoonotic species C. viatorum was identified, our results highlight that wild murine rodents from Corsica could mediate in the maintenance and transmission of this protozoan to the environment and other hosts including humans and animals. Further studies are required to better understand the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild rodents from Corsica and their possible public health repercussions.
Sufficient Conditions for the Global Rigidity of Periodic Graphs
Authors: Kaszanitzky Viktória E. , Király Csaba , Schulze Bernd 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTanigawa (2016) showed that vertex-redundant rigidity of a graph implies its global rigidity in arbitrary dimension. We extend this result to periodic frameworks under fixed lattice representations. That is, we show that if a generic periodic framework is vertex-redundantly rigid, in the sense that the deletion of a single vertex orbit under the periodicity results in a periodically rigid framework, then it is also periodically globally rigid. Our proof is similar to the one of Tanigawa, but there are some added difficulties. First, it is not known whether periodic global rigidity is a generic property in dimension $$d>2$$

d
>
2

. We work around this issue by using slight modifications of recent results of Kaszanitzky et al. (2021). Secondly, while the rigidity of finite frameworks in $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

on at most d vertices obviously implies their global rigidity, it is non-trivial to prove a similar result for periodic frameworks. This is accomplished by extending a result of Bezdek and Connelly (2002) on the existence of a continuous motion between two equivalent d-dimensional realisations of a single graph in $${\mathbb {R}}^{2d}$$

R

2
d

to periodic frameworks. As an application of our result, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the global rigidity of generic periodic body-bar frameworks in arbitrary dimension. This provides a periodic counterpart to a result of Connelly et al. (2013) regarding the global rigidity of generic finite body-bar frameworks.
LINC01087 indicates a poor prognosis of glioma patients with preoperative MRI
Authors: Chen Wangsheng , Wang Fei , Zhang Jianhua , Li Changqing , Hong Lan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLong intergenic non-coding RNA 01,087 (LINC01087) has been concerned as an oncogene in breast cancer, while its mechanism in glioma has been little surveyed. Thus, we searched the prognostic value and functional action of LINC01087 in glioma. Glioma patients after preoperative MRI diagnosis were enrolled, and LINC01087, microRNA (miR)-1277-5p, and alkaline ceramidase 3 (ACER3) levels were tested in glioma cancer tissue. The correlation between LINC01087 expression and the survival of patients were analyzed. LINC01087, miR-1277-5p, and ACER3 levels in U251 cells were altered via transfection, and cell malignant phenotypes were monitored. The relationship between miR-1277-5p and LINC01087 or ACER3 was detected. The LINC01087 and ACER3 expression was in up-regulation and the miR-1277-5p expression was in down-regulation in clinical glioma samples. High expression of LINC01087 was associated with poor prognosis of glioma patients with preoperative MRI. LINC01087 silencing restrained tumor malignancy in glioma cells. Mechanistically, LINC01087 directly interacted with miR-1277-5p. ACER3 was a known target of miR-1277-5p. Moreover, rescue assays reveal that miR-1277-5p overexpression (or ACER3 overexpression) reversed the effects of LINC01087 upregulation (or miR-1277-5p upregulation) on glioma cells. LINC01087 has prognostic significance in glioma and silencing LINC01087 deters glioma development through elevating miR-1277-5p to reduce ACER3 expression.
Optical Material Characterisation of Prepreg CFRP for Improved Composite Inspection
Authors: Meister Sebastian , Stüve Jan , Groves Roger M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAutomated fibre layup techniques are often applied for the production of complex structural components. In order to ensure a sufficient component quality, a subsequent visual inspection is necessary, especially in the aerospace industry. The use of automated optical inspection systems can reduce the inspection effort by up to 50 %. Laser line scan sensors, which capture the topology of the surface, are particularly advantageous for this purpose. These sensors project a laser beam at an angle onto the surface and detect its position via a camera. The optical properties of the observed surface potentially have a great influence on the quality of the recorded data. This is especially relevant for dark or highly scattering materials such as Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP). For this reason, in this study we investigate the optical reflection and transmission properties of the commonly used Hexel HexPly 8552 IM7 prepreg CFRP in detail. Therefore, we utilise a Gonioreflectometer to investigate such optical characteristics of the material with respect to different fibre orientations, illumination directions and detection angles. In this way, specific scattering information of the material in the hemispherical space are recorded. The major novelty of this research are the findings about the scattering behaviour of the fibre composite material which can be used as a more precise input for the methods of image data quality assessment from our previous research and thus is particularly valuable for developers and users of camera based inspection systems for CFRP components.