bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of HRT and seasons on the performance of pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland to treat rural wastewater
Authors: Shruthi R. , Shivashankara G. P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To find the effect of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) and seasons on the performance of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF CW) in treating rural wastewater, a pilot scale unit 2.5 m × 0.4 m × 0.3 m size bed planted with Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis was operated for a 12-month duration. During the study 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days of HRT were maintained in winter, summer, and rainy seasons. The removal efficiency obtained ranged from 62.09 to 87.23% for Chemical Oxygen Demand, 69.58% to 93.32% for Biochemical Oxygen Demand5 (BOD), 31.55% to 59.89% for Ammonia Nitrogen (NH4-N), 15.18% to 52.90% for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), 21.02% to 50.21% for Phosphate Phosphorus (PO43− P), 19.82% to 48.23% for Total phosphorus (TP), 74.93% to 93.10% for Faecal Coliform (FC) and 69.93% to 90.23% Total Coliform (TC). Overall, results showed that the performance of the unit was good. For statistical analysis two way ANOVA test followed by Tukey's test was used with a 95% level of significance. It was observed that the removal efficiency of the pollutants was increased with an increase in HRT. HRT of 6 days was found as adequate for significant removal of organic matter (COD and BOD). Seasonal removal efficiencies followed the order of summer &gt; rainy &gt; winter for all the parameters, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Assessment and Management of Loose Bodies in the Knee Joint and Related Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Zmerly Hassan , Moscato Manuela , Akkawi Ibrahim 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Loose bodies are frequently encountered during clinical activity and are a
common finding during knee arthroscopy. Usually, treatment consists of the removal of loose
bodies, which can be challenging even for experienced surgeons. The excision alone is not always
the complete treatment, because loose bodies are generally secondary to other diseases that can
cause persistent symptoms with the risk of new loose body formation. The aim of this narrative review
is to show the clinical, imaging, and arthroscopic evaluation of loose bodies in order to plan
optimal treatment.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of PubMed was conducted to find the most recent and relevant
studies investigating aetiopathogenesis, the assessment tools, and the therapeutic strategies for
loose bodies in the knee and their related diseases.

Results:
When dealing with a loose body, the first issue is the evaluation of the intra-articular fragment
(location, size, number, symptoms) and its aetiopathogenesis by identifying the underlying
pathology (e.g., osteochondritis dissecans, osteoarthritis, chondral defect, tumour-like lesions, rheumatoid
arthritis, etc.). In the case of symptomatic intra-articular loose bodies, treatment consists of
fragment removal and the management of related diseases (e.g., lifestyle modification, physiotherapy,
pharmacological, and surgical treatment).

Conclusion:
Loose bodies are not separate entities and in addition to their pathological aspect,
must be evaluated within the context of the underlying disease. Correct assessment and comprehensive
management allow for relief of symptomatology and prevention of loose body formation by removal
and treatment of the associated diseases.
Evaluation of the Fibromyalgia and Related Risk Factors in Patients with Advanced Kidney Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Seyedmardani Seyed Mostafa , Abkhiz Saeed , Megrazi Azadeh , Jafarzade Aarefeh , Zonouz Golshan Kamali 
Published: October 2021

Background :
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is defined as widespread and persistent
pain in the musculoskeletal system. There are limited reports regarding the prevalence of fibromyalgia
syndrome in patients with advanced kidney failure undergoing regular hemodialysis. Therefore,
this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of fibromyalgia syndrome and its risk factors in a large
proportion of patients under the hemodialysis condition.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 293 patients who were admitted to the hemodialysis
ward were evaluated for fibromyalgia syndrome in an educational hospital. The questionnaire
was designed according to symptom severity score (SS score) and widespread pain index (WPI)
criteria. The correlation between FMS and various variables, including demographic, clinical,
and biochemistry biomarkers, was also precisely calculated by logistic regression. Data were analyzed
using SPSS v.17 statistics software.

Results:
The results showed that, of 293 hemodialysis patients, 130 patients (44.4%) had fibromyalgia,
the mean age of patients with and without fibromyalgia was 61.09 ± 15.36 and 53.49 ± 15.38
years old, respectively (P = 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant difference in terms of gender
among patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (P = 0.001). To note, there was no significant relationship
between the kidney failure etiopathogenesis, duration of dialysis, body mass index (BMI),
Kt/v index, history of peritoneal dialysis, and laboratory parameters with fibromyalgia in hemodialysis
patients (P > 0.05). However, our findings revealed that both age and gender could be considered
as the predictor variables associated with fibromyalgia in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Conclusion:
Taken together, in this study, we found that age and gender would be the critical factors
in terms of the fibromyalgia syndrome in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Hexahydroquinoline
Derivatives as Mcl-1 Inhibitors and Apoptosis Inducers
Authors: Teraiya Nishith , Karki Subhas S. , Chauhan Ashlesha 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Hexahydroquinoline as a small molecule was reported for good cytotoxicity and affinity towards
Mcl-1. Hence, new compounds were explored as Mcl-1 inhibitors to be potent anticancer agents.

Objective:
Compounds were synthesized and screened for cytotoxicity. The active compound was evaluated for cell
cycle analysis, Mcl-1 inhibition, caspase-3, and caspase-9 activation. Further compounds were docked with Mcl-1 to
confirm the mechanism of cytotoxicity.

Methods:
Compounds were confirmed by spectral techniques and screened for cytotoxicity at National Cancer Institute
(USA). The active derivatives were screened by SRB and MTT. In addition, the potent compound was studied for
apoptosis and cell cycle analysis by PI staining, Mcl-1 inhibition by TR-FRET assay, and activation assay of caspase-3
and caspase-9 with the Elisa technique.

Results:
Compounds 6a and 6b exhibited the highest growth inhibition of 86.28% and 93.20% against SR and HOP-
62, respectively. Compound 6a showed higher cytotoxicity (IC50 = 0.4 μM) against THP-1 and HL-60. It showed 15-
fold higher apoptosis compared to control by arresting cells at the Sub-G1 in the cell cycle. It also showed a potent
inhibition with IC50 of 1.5 μM against the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1, which may induce apoptosis. Furthermore,
apoptosis was evidenced by an increase in cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 to 4.20 and 3 folds, respectively higher
than control. The docking score of compound 6a was in good agreement with the Mcl-1 inhibition assay.

Conclusion:
Compound 6a inhibited anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 and induced activation of pro-apoptotic proteins
caspase-3 and caspase-9. These dual results suggested the mechanism of apoptosis and cytotoxicity.
Automatic Mobile Health Arrhythmia Monitoring for the Detection of Atrial Fibrillation: Prospective Feasibility, Accuracy, and User Experience Study
Authors: Santala Onni E , Halonen Jari , Martikainen Susanna , Jäntti Helena , Rissanen Tuomas T , Tarvainen Mika P , Laitinen Tomi P , Laitinen Tiina M , Väliaho Eemu-Samuli , Hartikainen Juha E K , Martikainen Tero J , Lipponen Jukka A 
Published: October 2021

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common tachyarrhythmia and associated with a risk of stroke. The detection and diagnosis of AF represent a major clinical challenge due to AF’s asymptomatic and intermittent nature. Novel consumer-grade mobile health (mHealth) products with automatic arrhythmia detection could be an option for long-term electrocardiogram (ECG)-based rhythm monitoring and AF detection.

Objective
We evaluated the feasibility and accuracy of a wearable automated mHealth arrhythmia monitoring system, including a consumer-grade, single-lead heart rate belt ECG device (heart belt), a mobile phone application, and a cloud service with an artificial intelligence (AI) arrhythmia detection algorithm for AF detection. The specific aim of this proof-of-concept study was to test the feasibility of the entire sequence of operations from ECG recording to AI arrhythmia analysis and ultimately to final AF detection.

Methods
Patients (n=159) with an AF (n=73) or sinus rhythm (n=86) were recruited from the emergency department. A single-lead heart belt ECG was recorded for 24 hours. Simultaneously registered 3-lead ECGs (Holter) served as the gold standard for the final rhythm diagnostics and as a reference device in a user experience survey with patients over 65 years of age (high-risk group).

Results
The heart belt provided a high-quality ECG recording for visual interpretation resulting in 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of AF detection. The accuracy of AF detection with the automatic AI arrhythmia detection from the heart belt ECG recording was also high (97.5%), and the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 95.4%, respectively. The correlation between the automatic estimated AF burden and the true AF burden from Holter recording was >0.99 with a mean burden error of 0.05 (SD 0.26) hours. The heart belt demonstrated good user experience and did not significantly interfere with the patient’s daily activities. The patients preferred the heart belt over Holter ECG for rhythm monitoring (85/110, 77% heart belt vs 77/109, 71% Holter, P=.049).

Conclusions
A consumer-grade, single-lead ECG heart belt provided good-quality ECG for rhythm diagnosis. The mHealth arrhythmia monitoring system, consisting of heart-belt ECG, a mobile phone application, and an automated AF detection achieved AF detection with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. In addition, the mHealth arrhythmia monitoring system showed good user experience.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03507335; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03507335
Los límites del pensar: Hegel en diálogo con Kant
Authors: Duplancic Víctor Eugenio 
Published: October 2021

From the perspective of Cartesian doubt (on the validity of sensory experience in the acquisition of scientific philosophical knowledge), this article explores the concept of the limitations of reasoning through the use of the Kantian words 'boundary' (Grenze) and 'barrier' (Schranke) in his Critique of Pure Reason. Hegel's critical dialogue with Kant is presented focusing on the limitation that the latter imposed on reason for the acquisition of the true knowledge of philosophical/metaphysical objects. For this purpose, the Hegelian position is presented from its discussion on the second chapter (point B. Finitude) of the first section of the The Doctrine of Being (1832) and references are made to conceptual elements of the Phenomenology of Spirit.
An Approach to the Modeling and Simulation of Intra-Hospital Diseases
Authors: Encinas Diego Omar , Maccallini Lucas , Romero Fernando 
Published: October 2021

This publication presents an approach to a simulator to recreate a large number of scenarios and to make agile decisions in the planning of a real emergency room system. A modeling and simulation focused on the point prevalence of intrahospital infections in an emergency room and how it is affected by different factors related to hospital management. To carry out the simulator modeling, the Agent-based Modeling and Simulation (ABMS) paradigm was used. Thus, different intervening agents in the emergency room environment — patients and doctors, among others— were classified. The user belonging to the health system has different data to configure the simulation, such as the number of patients, the number of available beds, etc.
Based on the tests carried out and the measurements obtained, it is concluded that the disease propagation model relative to the time and contact area of the patients has greater precision than the purely statistical model of the intensive care unit.
SCM-198 Can Regulate Autophagy Through the Bax/Bcl-2/TLR4 Pathway to Alleviate Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Eraslan Ersen , Bircan Burak , Tanyeli Ayhan , Can Güler Mustafa , Bayır Yasin , Altun Serdar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is frequently observed in several clinical cases. In this study, we want to investigate that SCM-198 attenuates renal injury in the renal I/R model and find out the possible mechanisms. Wistar albino 40 male rats were classified into four groups (n=10): control, DMSO, I/R, and SCM-198 30 mg/kg. In the group 4, SCM-198 was administered intraperitoneally once at the doses of 30 mg/kg following the reperfusion. Glomerular associated proteins (PCX), tubular damage factors (NGAL, KIM-1), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α), Bax/Bcl-2, TLR4, LC3B, and Beclin-1 were evaluated. SCM-198 played an essential role in mitigating kidney damage. SCM-198 alleviated tubular damage and decreased IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α levels. SCM-198 reduced the apoptosis marker Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, immune system protein TLR4, and autophagy proteins LC3B and Beclin-1. In brief, our results support the notion that SCM-198 has protective effects on I/R-induced renal injury. SCM-198 therapy may be a new alternative for the prevention and treatment of renal I/R injury.
Design and Implementation of Real-Time Flood Early Warning System (FEWS) Based on IoT Blynk Application
Authors: Wisudawan Hasbi Nur Prasetyo 
Published: October 2021

Disaster occurrence in Indonesia needs attention and role from all parties including the community to reduce the risks. Disaster mitigation is one of the ways to reduce the disaster risk through awareness, capacity building, and the development of physical facilities, for example by applying disaster mitigation technology (early warning system, EWS). EWS is one of the effective methods to minimize losses due to disasters by providing warning based on certain parameters for disasters which usually occur such as floods. This research promotes a real-time IoT-based EWS flood warning system (Flood Early Warning System, FEWS) using Arduino and Blynk as well as Global System for Mobile Communication network (GSM) as the communication medium. The steps for implementing FEWS system in real locations are also discussed in this paper. Parameters such as water level, temperature, and humidity as well as rain conditions that are read by the EWS sensor can be accessed in real-time by using android based Blynk application that has been created. The result of the measurement of average temperature, humidity, and water level were 28.6 oC, 63.7 %, and 54.5 cm. Based on this analysis, the parameters indicated that the water level is in normal condition and there are no signs indicating that there will be flooding in the 30 days observation. Based on the data collected by the sensor, FEWS can report four conditions, namely Normal, Waspada Banjir (Advisory), Siaga Banjir (Watch), and Awas Banjir (Warning) that will be sent immediately to the Blynk FEWS application user that has been created.
Viscosity and organoleptic test of gude bean soy sauce (Cajanus cajan L.)
Authors: Kiliroong Maria - , Wael Hadi , Smith Alwi , Wael Syahran 
Published: October 2021

Gude nuts are known as wooden nuts on Kisar Island, which is an area that uses wood nuts as food. This study aims to determine the viscosity value and organoleptic test of pigeon pea sauce based on the weight of the beans. This research was conducted in February - March 2021 at the Laboratory of the Biology Education Study Program, FKIP, Pattimura University, Ambon and a viscosity test at the Ambon Industrial Standardization and Research Institute (Baristand) using an experimental research type and the research design used was a completely randomized design ( RAL), using 3 treatments, namely the weight of pigeon pea 150 g, 300 g and 450 g and using 2 replications to obtain 6 samples. This study showed that the weight of pigeon pea had an effect on the viscosity and organoleptic of soy sauce. From the viscosity analysis, the highest viscosity was obtained, namely 608.065 cp with a weight of 450 g pigeon pea, while for pigeon pea 300 g 411.065 cp and 150 g gude beans at 141 cp and organoleptic test obtained the average value of the texture of soy sauce on the treatment of pigeon pea and soy sauce 450 g pigeon pea 300 g with an average value of 4 (very thick) and peanut gude 150 g with an average value of 3 (thick). In the flavor of pigeon pea sauce 300 g and 150 g have an average value of 3 (fragrant), while for the treatment of 450 g peanuts is 4 (very fragrant). The color of the soy sauce in the pigeon pea sauce treatment was 450 g and 300 g with an average value of 4 (very black), and the 150 g peanut sauce treatment was 3 (black). In the treatment of 450 g of pigeon pea sauce and 300 g of pigeon pea sauce, the average value was 3 (sweet). For 150 g of pigeon pea soy sauce, on average the panelists gave a score of 2 (less sweet). There is an influence on the viscosity because the weight of the nuts used is different. while the organoleptic test showed a thick, fragrant, less sweet, and sweet taste.
Extraction and Screening of Biofilm producing Bacterial isolates in Short-and Long-term Catheters
Authors: Vivehananthan Kalaivani , Thevashayinath S. , Abeygunawardena I. 
Published: October 2021

Biofilm is defined as microbial-derived sessile communities enclosed with extra polymeric substances and characterized by cells that are irreversibly attached to a surface. Biofilm bacteria are a serious threat to public health as biofilm formation of bacteria in indwelling medical devices especially in urinary catheters causes persistent infections resistant to treatment with antimicrobial agents. The present study focused to screen the biofilm-producing bacteria from the indwelling urinary catheters. Both short-term and long-term urinary catheters were collected from the catheterized patients admitted in the national and a private hospital. Bacterial population removed from the catheters were tested for biofilm production by widely used three methods such as Tube method, Congo Red Agar method, and Tissue Culture Plate method. In this preliminary screening, the major biofilm producer identified in the present study is E.Coli in all types of catheters. Further, biofilm-producing bacteria were predominantly detected in long-term catheters than short-term catheters. In addition, the identification of more than one bacterial strain in long-term catheters revealed that bacterial diversity increases with the duration of catheterization. The results of the present study revealed that long-term urinary catheters have the potential for survival and diverse biofilm-producing bacteria.
Seria o roteiro uma obra de arte?
Authors: Nannicelli Ted 
Published: October 2021

Ao revisar os escritos de teóricos do cinema e da literatura sobre o tema do roteiro, constatam-se duas tendências. De um lado, há uma inclinação para conceber o roteiro como uma forma de obra de arte; de outro, uma tendência a negar seu status artístico. Filósofos da arte, no entanto, têm mantido um surpreendente silêncio sobre esse tópico. Pode-se, então, de maneira razoável, intuir que o roteiro é, como ocorre com a dramaturgia, um tipo de obra dramático-literária, e que oferece modalidades de interesse estético e de estudo análogas às de seu primo teatral.
La disputa por el agua residual en México como conflicto ecológico-distributivo paradójico
Authors: García Salazar Edith Miriam , Fuente Carrasco Mario Enrique 
Published: October 2021

English abstract:
This article addresses the category of ecological-distributive conflict from The Global Environmental Justice Atlas project to explain the emergence of environmental justice movements as a response to a certain distribution of pollution burdens or access to environmental resources. The theoretical approach addresses environmentalism of the poor and adds a historical review to understand such an existing paradox. The empirical work was carried out in the Valle del Mezquital, where the discharge of wastewater generated in the Metropolitan Area of the Valle de Mexico presents a paradoxical situation: some farmers perceive the reception of contaminated water as positive. The analysis includes a reflection on the criteria for evaluating conflict since the emergence of COVID-19.Spanish abstract:
Este artículo retoma la categoría de conflicto ecológico-distributivo del proyecto The Global Environmental Justice Atlas para explicar la emergencia de movimientos de justicia ambiental como una respuesta ante determinada distribución de las cargas de la contaminación o en el acceso a los recursos ambientales. El planteamiento teórico aborda el ecologismo de los pobres, más una revisión histórica para comprender tal paradoja. El trabajo empírico se llevó a cabo en el Valle del Mezquital, cuyo vertimiento de aguas residuales generadas en la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México presenta una situación paradójica a la categoría señalada: algunos campesinos perciben como positiva a la recepción de agua contaminada. El análisis incluye una reflexión de los criterios de valoración del conflicto a partir de la emergencia del COVID-19.French abstract:
Depuis le projet The Global Environmental Justice Atlas, la catégorie de conflit écologique et distributif propose d’expliquer l’émergence de mouvements de justice environnementale comme une réponse à une certaine répartition des effets de la pollution ou à l’accès aux ressources environnementales. Dans la Vallée du Mezquital, le déversement des eaux usées de la Zone métropolitaine de la Vallée de Mexico présente une situation paradoxale par rapport à ce qui a été signalé dans le projet mentionné : certains paysans perçoivent comme positive la réception d’eau polluée. Les apports de l’écologisme des pauvres, ainsi qu’une révision de l’histoire permettent de comprendre ce paradoxe. La question de savoir si l’émergence du Covid-19 peut modifier les critères d’évaluation de ce conflit est également examinée.