bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of storage tanks under the indirect cold water supply system on household water quality: a case of Wakiso District, Uganda
Authors: Manga Musa , Okeny Lawrence O. , Ngobi Timothy G. , Pamela Acheng O. , Namakula Hidaya , Kyaterekera Elizabeth , Nansubuga Irene , Kibwami Nathan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Water supply systems form one of the most fundamental components of building services. In many communities especially in developing countries like Uganda, most households use the indirect cold water supply system, particularly because of the intermittent water supply problems. However, research has linked the main component of this system particularly water storage tanks to contamination of water. There is a paucity of research regarding which features of these tanks contribute to water contamination. This study investigated the effects of storage tank features and cleaning practices on water quality. The results revealed that the treated water received by households became significantly (α= 0.05) contaminated with faecal coliforms (p= 0.001), total coliforms (p &lt; 0.001), and heterotrophic bacteria (p &lt; 0.001) while in storage tanks. Furthermore, Fe, and Mn significantly increased in stored water (with p= 0.001, and p= 0.023, respectively) while residual free chlorine significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.001). The study revealed that tank type, tank connectors, and tank age significantly affect water quality. The study concluded that tank cleaning does not guarantee improvement in quality of stored water. Further research is recommended to determine the best tank cleaning methods and optimal cleaning frequency.
Nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency and algae viability in an immobilized algae and bacteria symbiosis system with pink luminescent filler
Authors: Xu Chen , Wang Liupeng , Liu Zaohong , Cai Guanjun , Zhan Jian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, an immobilized algae and bacteria symbiotic biofilm reactor (ABSBR) with pink luminescent filler (PLF) was constructed. The effects of PLF addition in the construction of an algae and bacteria symbiotic biofilm system on the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies and algae viability were evaluated. Our results showed that for influent TN and TP concentrations of 40 ± 5 and 5 ± 0.8 mg/L, respectively, the pollutant removal rates (PRRs) of TN and TP by the ABSBR can reach up to 74.74% and 88.36%, respectively. The chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration on the PLF reaches approximately 5,500 μg/L with a specific oxygen generation rate (SOGR) of 65.48 μmolO2 mg−1Chl-a h−1. These results indicate that the adding PLF into algae and bacteria symbiosis systems can effectively improve the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies of the sewage as well as increase biomass and viability of the algae in the system.
Recovery profile of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria inhibited by ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Can Safiye , Sari Tugba , Akgul Deniz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The potential effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on biological treatment processes have become significant due to their increasing industrial applications. The purpose of this research was to investigate the self-recovery ability of anammox bacteria following acute ZnO NPs toxicity. In this context, a 2-liter lab-scale anammox reactor was operated for 550 days to enrich the biomass required to the batch exposure tests. Anammox culture was firstly exposed to four different doses of ZnO NPs (50, 75, 100 and 200 mg/L) for 24 h. Then, the ZnO NPs were removed and self-recovery performance of the anammox bacteria was assessed by evaluating the nitrogen removal capacities for 72 h. Besides the nitrogen removal performance, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production was also detected to deeply understand the response of the enriched anammox culture against ZnO NPs exposure. The results revealed that sudden and high load of ZnO NPs (100 and 200 mg/L) resulted in persistent impairment to the nitrogen removal performance of the enriched anammox culture. However, relatively lower doses (50 and 75 mg/L) caused deceleration of the nitrogen removal performance during the recovery period. In addition, EPS content in the reactor decreased along with escalating load of ZnO NPs.
MEIO AMBIENTE DO TRABALHO E SAÚDE MENTAL: UMA INTEGRAÇÃO NECESSÁRIA À EFETIVAÇÃO DA GARANTIA CONSTITUCIONAL A UM AMBIENTE LABORAL SAUDÁVEL
Authors: Silva Amanda Carolina Souza , Tibaldi Saul Duarte 
Published: December 2021

O artigo através do método de pesquisa bibliográfico e documental investiga como o ordenamento jurídico pátrio tem tutelado os riscos a saúde mental dos trabalhadores, e consequentemente se tem conferido ou não aos seus jurisdicionados a efetividade da garantia constitucional a um ambiente laboral saudável.Para tanto propõe uma reflexão acerca da evolução do trabalho humano, da saúde da construção normativa sobre a qual se desenvolveu a tutela constitucional atual do meio ambiente, por conseguinte do meio ambiente do trabalho, e do direito à saúde. A proteção da saúde pode ser analisada a partir de duas dimensões: uma física e uma psíquica. Apesar dos adoecimentos mentais ocupacionais terem aumentado de forma significativa nas últimas décadas a tutela jurídica dos riscos psicossociais é irrisória se comparada com a tutela jurídica de outros riscos que podem ser encontrados no ambiente laboral. Conclui-se que é necessário não apenas a formulação de uma regulação mais específica e contemporânea sobre o tema, mas se verifica a emergência da proposição de medidas continuas e sistemáticas que subsidiem ações de vigilância em saúde de do trabalhador tanto pelas organizações de trabalho quanto pelo Estado, a fim de se efetivar a garantia dos trabalhadores desempenharem suas atividades em um ambiente integralmente saudável.
O PRINCÍPIO DA VEDAÇÃO DO NE BIS IN IDEM NA CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O CASO ALMONACID ARELLANO E OUTROS VERSUS CHILE
Authors: Moura Soares Emmanuelli Karina de Brito Gondim , Gurgel Yara Maria Pereira 
Published: December 2021

A efetividade da garantia e proteção aos direitos humanos é matéria de urgência, bem como o resguardo ao princípio do ne bis in idem, que através da garantia do devido processo legal, também é dispositivo de proteção aos direitos humanos. A presente pesquisa buscou demonstrar o quanto o diálogo da Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, bem como a atuação da Corte Interamericana na efetividade do diálogo, com os países da América Latina é importante para que os dispositivos de proteção aos direitos humanos previstos nos tratados tenham efetividade no contexto interno e internacional. A análise será feita com base no caso Almonacid Arellano e outros versus Chile. E através da pesquisa, buscaremos demonstrar a importância na Comissão, bem como da Corte, no resguardado aos Direitos Humanos, através da garantia do devido processo legal, da defesa pertinente, bem como da efetividade da proteção à esses direitos indisponíveis previstos na Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos.
Direitos Humanos. Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. Atendimento ao Princípio do Ne Bis In Idem.
β-Amyloid is an Immunopeptide and Alzheimer’s is an Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Weaver Donald F. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
As new biomolecular targets for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) emerge, there
is a tendency to regard these as mutually exclusive and in competition, culminating in declarations
that since the “amyloid hypothesis is dead” it needs to be replaced by completely different theories.
However, given the well-described role of misfolding peptides, particularly β-amyloid (Aβ), in the
pathogenesis of AD, the need for a broad-based conceptualization of AD, coalescing different theories
into a single harmonized explanation emerges as a viable alternative. Incorporating protein aggregation
mechanisms of AD into a more widely-encompassing immunopathic model of AD could
accomplish such a goal-a goal which could be achieved by repositioning the role of Aβ as an immunopeptide.

Conclusions:
This review presents the concept that Aβ is an immunopeptide and that AD is an autoimmune
disease in which Aβ is a key molecular player. Being a peptide with the capacity to alter
immune function, Aβ is an immunopeptide; having both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities,
Aβ is a host defense peptide; having most of the defining properties of cytokines, Aβ satisfies
the broad definition of cytokine-the prototypic immunopeptide subtype. In addition to these immunoactivities,
Aβ is also directly and independently cytotoxic to neurons by both necrotic and
apoptotic mechanisms. Therefore, following brain exposure to immune-instigating stimuli, the innate
immune system is activated, leading to the release of Aβ as an immunopeptide (functioning as
a host defense peptide or cytokine), which subsequently inflicts a misdirected attack upon the host
neurons-an autoimmune event.
Comprehensive Analysis of Differential Expression Profiles of Long Noncoding RNAs with Associated Co-expression and Competing Endogenous RNA Networks in the Hippocampus of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Zhang Jian-Jun , Ze-Xuan-Zhu  , Guang-Min-Xu  , Su Peng , Lei Qian , Li Wei 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still one of the major threats to human health.
Although a satisfactory treatment for AD has not yet been discovered, it is necessary to continue to
search for novel approaches to deal with this insidious and debilitating disease. Although numerous
studies have shown that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) occupy a significant role in a variety
of diseases, their roles in AD remain unclear.

Objectives:
Using data analysis to explore the role of lncRNA in the course of AD, to further our understanding
of AD, and to look forward to finding a new breakthrough for the treatment of AD.

Methods:
We downloaded and screened expression data of the hippocampal regions of patients
with AD from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We generated lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks
based on the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis, and according to gene expression
level, we constructed a coding-noncoding co-expression (CNC) network and then executed
cis- and trans-regulation analyses.

Results:
Through comprehensive and systematic analyses, we found that lncRNAs MALAT1,
OIP5-AS1, LINC00657, and lnc-NUMB-1 regulated the expression of the key AD pathogenic
genes APP, PSEN1, BACE1; and that these lncRNAs may promote the distribution of β-amyloid
(Aβ protein) in the brain through exosomes. In addition, lncRNAs were found to adjust viral transcriptional
expression, thereby further supporting viral pathogenesis for AD.

Conclusions:
The lncRNAs MALAT1, OIP5-AS1, LINC00657, and lnc-NUMB-1 that are present
in the hippocampus of AD patients exert an important influence on the development of this disease.
The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Reduced Bone Mineral Density
(BMD) Among Men with Suppressed Viral Load Taking Antiretroviral
Therapy
Authors: Ozcan Safiye Nur , Sevgi Dilek Yildiz , Oncul Ahsen , Gunduz Alper , Pehlivan Ozgun , Terlemez Rana , Kuran Banu , Dokmetas Ilyas 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is a frequent comorbidity observed
in people living with HIV (PLHIV).

Objective:
The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and associated factors of reduced
bone mineral density (BMD) among men with suppressed viral load taking antiretroviral therapy.

Method:
The study was conducted as a cross-sectional design between January to April 2019. 211
patients were included in the study. Z-score at either body site between -1.0 and -2.0 or -2 or less
was defined as osteopenia or osteoporosis, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis
was used to evaluate the factors affecting the development of reduced BMD.

Results:
The mean age of the patients involved in the study was 34.8 ± 7.6. Osteoporosis was detected
in 21.4% and osteopenia in 44.5% of the patients. There was a significant relationship found
between HIV diagnosis time, ART usage duration, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) use, TDF
use in the past, total TDF usage time and decreased BMD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis
showed that the likelihood of reduced bone marrow density was 67% lower among those with regular
milk or dairy product intake compared to those without (OR=0.330; 95% CI = 0.12-0.92,
p=0.033).

Conclusion:
There is a high prevalence of reduced BMD among PLHIV aged under 50, which is
mainly confounded by HIV diagnosis time, ART usage duration and TDF usage. Although virological
control has been achieved, these patients should be followed up, considering that they may
have decreased BMD.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Preservasi Pada Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia Menggunakan Metode Scrum
Authors: Marzuqi Habib , Mustikasari Metty 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sistem informasi preservasi pada Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia yang berbasis web dengan menggunakan scrum model. Metode penelitian meliputi pengumpulan data, analisis kebutuhan sistem, pemodelan sistem, pengembangan aplikasi serta evaluasi dan pengujian. Metode scrum digunakan karena proses yang dilakukan tidak berurutan tetapi user mendapatkan hasil yang cepat, tepat dan akurat untuk penyelesaian permasalahan layanan. Dengan menerapkan scrum model dapat menghasilkan aplikasi sistem informasi preservasi yang terdiri dari 6 product backlog, 6 sprint, scrum meeting harian dan demo aplikasi yang sangat menunjang dalam pembangunan aplikasi dengan waktu penyelesaian selama 287 jam atau disamakan dengan 5 hari kerja 8 jam per hari adalah 7 minggu 2 hari. Hasil dari evaluasi dengan menggunakan blackbox testing, sistem informasi preservasi dapat di implementasikan di Direktorat Preservasi Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia
Occupational health and safety cases in the New Zealand District Court
Authors: Peace Christopher , Priestley-King Pippi 
Published: December 2021

Occupational health and safety (OHS) practitioners need to understand prosecutions that have been before the District Court if they are to provide informed guidance about compliance with the New Zealand (NZ) Health and Safety at Work Act (HSWA) to “persons having control of a business or undertaking” (PCBUs). However, if they cannot access academic databases, they may need to rely on individual reports of a few cases but may not have the time or resources to develop their own database. Those who are studying for a tertiary level qualification may also lack the time to find and catalogue more than a few cases.
This short article reports on the first stage of the development and analysis of a dataset of prosecutions under NZ OHS legislation. We describe our data sources and a high-level analysis of the dataset and issues to be resolved before proceeding with further data analysis. This work also forms part of research into “grey literature” and its use in practice by OHS practitioners and professionals.
We conclude by showing the disparity between prosecutions and deaths due to occupational disease and trauma (leading to an area for further research) and loop back to one of the origins for this research: the meaning of a safe system of work.
The concept and essence of electronic transactions in the civil law of Ukraine
Authors: Zmykalo O.I. 
Published: December 2021

This research is devoted to the analysis of the legal regulation of electronic transactions in the civil law of Ukraine, the disclosure of problematic issues related to the practical application of the Law of Ukraine "On Electronic Commerce".
Within the framework of this article, a theoretical and applied study of various approaches of scientists was carried out, as well as the position of the legislator regarding the understanding of the concept and essence of an electronic transaction through its comparison with traditional approaches to understanding the concept and essence of a transaction. The analysis of the Law of Ukraine "On Electronic Commerce" was carried out, and it was found that the latter defines the organizational and legal basis for activities in the field of electronic commerce in Ukraine, establishes the procedure for making electronic transactions using information and telecommunication systems and determines the rights and obligations of participants in relations in the field of electronic commerce.
To achieve this goal, the author applied methods characteristic of legal science. The study was conducted out using the dialectical method of cognition of legal reality, which provided an opportunity to analyze the essence of electronic transactions as a variety of legal facts affecting the dynamics of legal obligations in the civil law system of Ukraine. Whereas the use of the formal-legal method made it possible to analyze the regulations related to the regulation of electronic transactions, which contributed to the proper disclosure of the research objectives.
Based on the study, the authors conclude that electronic transactions, like transactions in general, are a kind of legal facts acting in the form of an act of strong-willed lawful behavior aimed at establishing, changing or terminating civil rights and obligations. It has been established that a characteristic feature of electronic transactions is that they are carried out using information and telecommunication systems. It was determined that a characteristic feature of electronic transactions is interactivity, efficiency and multimedia.
Novelties of the legislation on veterinary medicinal products
Authors: Burylo Y.P. 
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the latest innovations in the legislation on veterinary medicine, namely the regulation of the production, distribution and use of veterinary medicines. The adoption of the new Law of Ukraine “On Veterinary Medicine” is caused by the need to approximate the relevant national legislation with the legislation of the European Union to fulfill Ukraine’s international obligations under the Association Agreement. This law reflects the latest trends in the development of legislation on veterinary medicinal products in the European Union.
The article pays attention to the strengthening of state regulation of production and distribution of veterinary medicines, in particular the introduction of licensing of imports, wholesale and retail sales of these medicines in Ukraine, due to the need to combat counterfeiting and veterinary medicinal products of dubious quality. It is also noted that the changes in the procedure of state registration of veterinary medicines provided by this law will on the one hand reduce the administrative burden on business due to the transition to indefinite state registration of veterinary drugs, and on the other hand new requirements for the registration dossier will improve the safety, quality and efficacy of veterinary medicinal products.
New requirements for the use of antibiotics are analyzed. Attention is drawn to the fact that along with the regulation of the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, it is also necessary to regulate in more detail the issues of control of the circulation of active substances (active pharmaceutical ingredients). The article also deals with the mechanism of veterinary pharmacovigilance, which is new for Ukraine. At the same time, it is necessary to study the practical experience of implementing the European model of pharmaco to improve the relevant legislation in Ukraine.
Comparative Analysis of the Criminal and Legal Protection of Morality in the Legislations of Ukraine and Moldova
Authors: Shevchuk A.V. , Bodnaruk O. M. 
Published: December 2021

The article under studies relies on the understanding that the future of any state, society and mankind on the whole largely depends on the moral virtues of each individual. However, today's moral, spiritual and cultural basics are seriously challenged, annihilated and neglected.
Resting on a comparative-legal analysis of the current criminal legislation of Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova, the article deals with the peculiarities of the criminal and legal protection of morality, identifies in the above legislations certain common and distinctive features in the context of existence and construction of legal norms, investigates their structural elements and, eventually, determines types of punishment.
It has been substantiated that Ukrainian criminal legislation is rather progressive in terms of the criminal and legal protection of morality. It might be explained by the fact that respective criminal and legal prohibitions not only have been reflected in a special section of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, but are also described there in detail. In addition, these prohibitions are marked with partial, but at the same time significant and expedient changes and supplements that completely comply with the present-day challenges (for instance, in terms of liability for cruel treatment of animals, vandalizing a grave or other burial place or the body of the deceased, etc.). Particular emphasis has been laid on the fact that due to the recent changes in the Criminal Code, which came into force in March, 2021, especially striking are the elements of such crimes as access to child pornography, its acquisition, storage, import, transportation or other movement, production, sale and dissemination (Art. 301-1), and carrying out of entertaining action of sexual character with participation of the minor (Art. 301-2).
On the other hand, the criminal legislation of Moldova does not contain a separate structural part, which would systematize all socially hazardous actions regarding morality. Instead, certain articles on the protection of social morality are enshrined in different chapters of a Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova. It is also important that the article under discussion draws a conclusion that the protection of social morality in the criminal legislation of Moldova comprises both traditional for most states norms (for example, liability for pimping, illegal acts on pornographic objects, vandalizing a grave, etc.) and not quite common ones (liability for incest, obtaining child prostitution services; cruel treatment of animals by a person responsible for the care, protection and welfare of animals, for training or veterinary care; vandalism; debauched actions in the form of exhibitionism, compelling to participate in making pornographic performances, etc.).
Legal space of the state: constitutional and legal aspect
Authors: Byelov D.M. , Hromovchuk M.V. 
Published: December 2021

The article considers the features of the category "legal space". The author cites the views of scholars engaged in the study of this legal concept. By linking the category of "legal space" to constitutional law, a conclusion is made about space as a constitutional-legal category.
It is indicated that the development and assertion of Ukraine's own path and place in the geopolitical environment, its inclusion in European and world integration processes are inextricably linked with the organization of rule-making and law enforcement activities of public authorities and local governments, which would meet modern trends and international standards. in this area. New trends in the constitutional and legal construction of the country, the formation of civil society institutions, optimization and reform of public administration determine the new conditions for the implementation of state power, a prerequisite for effective operation of which is the unity of the legal space.
It is established that legal space as a constitutional-legal category is a specific functional category of the science of constitutional law, which reflects certain spatial boundaries of the origin and development of any constitutional-legal action, the constitutional process, constitutional norm, state or event. Thus, space is a spatial boundary established by the Constitution, which can overcome itself and be replaced by more progressive in the implementation of constitutional and legal reform. They also simultaneously form a certain boundary, beyond which begin to develop constitutional relations.