bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes towards and use of homoeoprophylaxis: findings of two international surveys
Authors: Golden Issac , Stranieri Andrew , Nuaimat Alia Al 
Published: August 2021

Background: The use of homoeopathic remedies to prevent infectious diseases, homoeoprophylaxis (HP), was first described over 100 years ago. To date, no systematic studies have been performed to identify the attitudes that current practitioners hold about HP or current trends in the use of HP.
Aims: This study aimed to discover attitudes to HP amongst accredited homeopathic practitioners particularly with respect to overall acceptance, context of use, and preferred remedies.
Methodology: Two international surveys were conducted in 2014. Responses were received from 1,124 homeopaths in 35 countries; 104 of whom responded to both surveys.
Results: A large proportion of respondents have positive attitudes to HP and currently use HP in their practice. However, responses also indicate that knowledge about HP is chequered. Confidence in the evidence base of HP also is variable.
Conclusion: Results indicate that HP is widely practised, however, further research is needed to improve confidence in the evidence base of HP, and better programs are needed to ensure that education about HP is enhanced.
Homeopathic drug standardization through biological evaluations: An untrodden avenue
Authors: Kardile Mahendra Vaijnath , Patil Chandaragouda , Haidar Ali , Mahajan Umesh Bharat , Goyal Sameer 
Published: August 2021

Background: There is a dearth of chemico-analytical or instrumental methods for standardization and quality control of higher dilutions of homeopathic drugs.
Aim: This review highlights the challenges in standardization of anti-inflammatory homeopathic drugs and suggests a battery of biological assays for their standardization.
Methods: We retrieved a total 57 scientific reports from the experimental studies and scientific reviews published between January 1999 and June 2014 related to anti-inflammatory homeopathic drugs and their high dilutions. These comprised of 18 reports on preclinical evaluation, 15 on source materials, 9 on isolated constituents and 15 studies on in-vitro experiments. Few recent citations which supported the initial studies were added later during the compilation of the manuscript.
Conclusion: Standardization and quality control of homeopathic mother tinctures and high dilutions warrants an urgent attention. As biological activities are observed to be attributed to the high dilutions which are practically devoid of active ingredients, their standardization may be done through the suggested battery of biological investigations. It is suggested that the current methods of standardization of homeopathic drugs need to be upgraded to include sensitive, reproducible and relevant biological assays so that the end users are assured of the quality, efficacy, and safety of homeopathic dilutions.
Analisis Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam MAN 1 Tanjung Pura
Authors: Ritonga Lia Ariska 
Published: August 2021

UU No. 14 tahun 2005 tentang guru dan dosen pasal 10 ayat 1 menjelaskan kompetensi yang wajib dikuasai oleh guru ada empat yaitu kompetensi pedagogik, kepribadian, sosial dan profesional.Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kompetensi pedagogik guru pendidikan agama Islam di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Tanjung Pura, yang diharapkan akan menambah wawasan terkait dengan kompetensi pedagogik. Penelitian yang penulis lakukan ini adalah termasuk dalam penelitian kualitatif. Dalam mengumpulkan data, penulis menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari empat guru. Pendidikan Agama Islam, dan kepala Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Tanjung Pura. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut, kemudian data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis, setelahitu data direduksi, selanjutnya data tersebut disajikan dalam bentuk deskriptif yaitu berupa kata-kata atau kalimat yang dipisah-pisahkan sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Pendidikan penjelasan Pasal 28 ayat (3) butir a.Kesimpulan dalam skripsi ini bahwa guru pendidikan agama Islam di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Tanjung Pura sudah baik. Hal ini berdasarkan analisis data yang dilakukan penulis terhadap guru pendidikan agama Islam dalam menguasai kompetensi pedagogik yaitu meliputi pemahaman peserta didik, pengembangan kurikulum, perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran, pemanfaatan tekhnologi informasi dan komunikasi, evaluasi hasil belajar dan pengembangan peserta didik untuk mengaktualisasikan berbagai potensi.
Hubungan Persepsi Siswa Tentang Kepribadian Guru Fiqih Dengan Minat Belajar Siswa Di Madrasah Aliyah Al Washliyah Bandar Rejo Kecamatan Bandar Masilam Kabupaten Simalungun
Authors: Uswatun Hasanah Usnur Atikah Ahraini Nasution, Rini Wahyuni Siregar, 
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui Hubungan Persepsi Siswa Tentang Kepribadian Guru fiqih Dengan Minat Belajar Siswa di Madrasah Aliyah Al Washliyah Bandar Rejo Kecamatan Bandar Masilam Kabupaten Simalungun. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif dan korelasional. Penelitian yang diteliti yaitu persepsi siswa tentang kepribadian guru akidah akhlak (X) dan minat belajar siswa (Y). Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa-siswi di Madrasah Aliyah Al Washliyah Bandar Rejo Kecamatan Bandar Masilam Kabupaten Simalungun. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 31 orang yang diambil 30% dari jumlah siswa yang ditetapkan berdasarkan random sampling. Alat pengumpul data adalah angket serta wawancara dan observasi digunakan untuk memperkaya data. Angket disusun berdasarkan indikator variabel masing-masing yang berjumlah 15 item pada tiap variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara persepsi siswa tentang kepribadian siswa dengan minat belajar siswa pada taraf 5% dengan koefisien korelasi 0,615. Selanjutnya data tersebut diuji signifikansinya dengan mengkonsultasikan ke dalam daftar nilai ktitis product moment dengan taraf signifikansi 95%. Namun sebelum itu ditetapkan terlebih dahulu dk dengan menggunakan rumus dk = n – 2 = 31 – 2 = 29. Dengan demikian dk sebesar 29 selanjutnya dikonsultasikan ke tabel r pearson diperoleh nilai r tabel = 0,367. Melalui data tersebut diketahui bahwa ternyata rhitung lebih besar dari nilai rtabel (0,615 > 0,367), hal ini berarti kontribusi persepsi siswa tentang kepribadian guru fiqih mempunyai hubungan yang positif dan signifikan dengan minat belajar siswa di Madrasah Aliyah Al Washliyah Bandar Rejo Kecamatan Bandar Masilam Kabupaten Simalungun dengan signifikansi yang sedang atau cukup karena berada pada posisi 0,40 – 0,70.
Setelah Kesunyian 50 tahun Disuarakan lewat Buku dan Film Dokumenter
Authors: Hartiningsih Maria 
Published: August 2021

Tak banyak orang membaca berita mengenai kepulangan Jan Ruff-O’Herne pada pagi tanggal 19 Agustus 2019 di rumahnya, di Adelaide, Australia, dikelilingi oleh anak, cucu dan cucu buyutnya. Usianya 96 tahun. Jan Ruff-O’Herne meninggalkan jejak perjuangan selama lebih lima dekade untuk berkampanye melawan pemerkosaan dalam perang dan menghabiskan sisa hidupnya untuk merebut kembali martabatnya. Dia adalah perempuan Eropa pertama yang berani bersaksi di depan publik secara terbuka. Dia merobek kebisuan sejarah hitam yang ditolak untuk waktu yang sangat lama oleh pihak yang melakukannya. Untuk itu, dia menerima berbagai penghargaan, di antaranya dari Pemerintah Australia, Pemerintah Belanda, dan Vatikan. O’Herne adalah salah satu dari sedikit perempuan Eropa di wilayah pendudukan Jepang selama Perang Dunia II yang dipaksa menjadi budak seks. Sebagian besar berasal dari Asia, yakni Korea (terbesar), Indonesia, Filipina, China dan Taiwan. Dia menjadi satu-satunya survivor yang berjuang untuk menolak penggunaan istilah “comfort women”. Comfort mengandung arti sesuatu yang lembut aman dan ramah. “Kami ini korban perkosaan dan serangan seksual dalam masa perang oleh tentara Kerajaan Jepang”. O’Herne menuntut permintaan maaf Pemerintah Jepang secara pribadi dan berada dalam barisan survivor yang menolak kompensasi berupa uang dari Asian Women Fund. Dia juga menekankan bagaimana perkosaan menjadi alat untuk menundukkan dalam perang sehingga harus dilihat sebagai kejahatan kriminal perang dan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan. Dan yang menarik lainnya adalah testimoni atas Jan Ruff-O’Herne ini juga dibentuk menjadi sebuah film dokumenter yang diproduksi di Australia dengan sutradara Ned Lander, berjudul 50 Years of Silence (1994).
Analisis Sektor Unggulan dan Hubungannya dengan Ketenagakerjaan dan Kemiskinan di Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Irmanelly Irmanelly , Soleh Ahmad 
Published: August 2021

Kemiskinan merupakan permasalahan terbesar dalam pembangunan ekonomi, rendahnya kemiskinan merupakan cerminan keberhasilan dalam pembangunan yang ada. Penelitian ini berjudul analisis sektor unggulan dan hubungannya dengan ketenagakerjaan dan kemiskinan di Provinsi Jambi, ini bertujuan. untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis sektor unggulan di Provinsi Jambi. Selanjutnya penelitian ini juga dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara sektor unggulan dengan ketenagakerjaan dan kemiskinan.
Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah Location Quotient (SLQ & DLQ); Shift Share (Esteban-Marquillas) dan Indeks Spesialisasi. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui hubungan sektor unggulan dengan ketenagakerjaan dan kemiskinan digunakan alat uji Korelasi Pearson. Data yang dipakai dalam penelitian adalah data sekunder dalam rentang tahun 2002 s.d 2010 dari berbagai sumber.
Hasil dari penelitian ini berdasarkan analisis SLQ, DLQ dan Shif Share adalah Sector yang yang merupakan sektor unggulan di Provinsi Jambi adalah sektor pertanian dan sektor pertambangan & penggalian. Kedua sektor tersebut selalu konsisten memenuhi kriteria di setiap alat analisis yang digunakan.
Selanjutnya hubungan antara sektor unggulan dengan ketenagakerjaan memiliki korelasi signifikan dan searah, sedangkan hubungan antara sektor unggulan dengan kemiskinan memiliki korelasi signifikan dan berlawanan arah. Dengan demikian diharapkan pengembangan sektor unggulan di Provinsi Jambi mempunyai hubungan positif dengan ketenagakerjaan yaitu meningkatkan jumlah tenaga kerja dan mempunyai hubungan negatif dengan kemiskinan yaitu mengurangi persentase penduduk miskin.
Amplification and Cloning of Entire Structural Genome (Core- E2) of Hepatitis C virus
Authors: Javed Farakh , Manzoor Sobia , Tariq Huma , Parvaiz Fahed , Bilal Muhammad , Kanwal Naghmana 
Published: August 2021

HCV is the leading cause of liver related morbidity and mortality around the world. Chronic infection usually leads to serious outcomes like cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and metabolic abnormalities. Inability of HCV to replicate in cell culture and absence of efficient and cost effective animal models are the major hurdles in developing therpeutic strategies against this virus. Cloning and expression of HCV entire structural genome in eukaryotic expression system was observed in the current study. Structural genes of HCV are important in mediating viral entry in the host cell and pathogenesis, most notably hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV 3a is the most prevalent genotype in Pakistan. RNA was extracted from HCV positive serum infected with 3a genotype, and entire structural genome (C-E2) was reverse transcribed. HCV (C-E2) region was amplified using PCR with gene specific primers having restriction sites. Digested product of this amplicon was cloned in mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1+. Positive clones were confirmed after double restriction digetsion and sequencing PCR. This successful clone of (C-E2) would be a useful tool for transfection to particular cell lines and further investigation on stable cell lines using this clone may help in designing new therapies and studying interaction of viral proteins with host cells.
Things We Could Design
Authors: Wakkary Ron 
Published: August 2021

How posthumanist design enables a world in which humans share center stage with nonhumans, with whom we are entangled.
Over the past forty years, designers have privileged human values such that human-centered design is seen as progressive. Yet because all that is not human has been depleted, made extinct, or put to human use, today's design contributes to the existential threat of climate change and the ongoing extinctions of other species. In Things We Could Design, Ron Wakkary argues that human-centered design is not the answer to our problems but is itself part of the problem. Drawing on philosophy, design theory, and numerous design works, he shows the way to a relational and expansive design based on humility and cohabitation.
Wakkary says that design can no longer ignore its exploitation of nonhuman species and the materials we mine for and reduce to human use. Posthumanism, he argues, enables a rethinking of design that displaces the human at the center of thought and action. Weaving together posthumanist philosophies with design, he describes what he calls things—nonhumans made by designers—and calls for a commitment to design with more than human participation. Wakkary also focuses on design as “nomadic practices”—a multiplicity of intentionalities and situated knowledges that shows design to be expansive and pluralistic. He calls his overall approach “designing-with”: the practice of design in a world in which humans share center stage with nonhumans, and in which we are bound together materially, ethically, and existentially.
They Knew
Authors: Speth James Gustave 
Published: August 2021

A devastating, compelling account of the federal government's leading role in bringing about today's climate crisis.
In 2015, a group of twenty-one young people sued the federal government in Juliana v. United States for violating their constitutional rights by promoting climate catastrophe and thereby depriving them of life, liberty, and property without due process and equal protection of law. They Knew offers evidence supporting the children's claims, presenting a devastating and compelling account of the federal government's role in bringing about today's climate crisis. James Gustave Speth, tapped by the plaintiffs as one of twenty-one preeminent experts in their climate case, analyzes how administrations from Carter to Trump—despite having information about the impending climate crisis and the connection to fossil fuels—continued aggressive support of a fossil fuel based energy system.
What did the federal government know and when did it know it? Speth asks, echoing another famous cover-up. What did the federal government actively do and what did it fail to do? They Knew (an updated version of the Expert Report Speth prepared for the lawsuit) presents the most definitive indictment yet of the US government's role in the climate crisis.
Since Juliana v. United States was filed, the federal government has repeatedly taken unprecedented steps to delay the case and force it to the appellate courts' shadow dockets. Yet as the case progresses slowly but certainly, it is inspiring a generation of youthful climate activists.
An Our Children's Trust Book
Camostat mesilate inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and improves cell viability by regulating MFGE8 and HMGN1 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts
Authors: Yuan Lin , Li Mengjie , Zhang Zhishuai , Li Wanli , Jin Wei , Wang Mingfa 
Published: August 2021

Camostat mesilate (CM) possesses potential anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activities. However, it remains unknown whether CM is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammatory responses and cell injury. In this project, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs, fold change ≥ 1.2 or ≤ 0.83 and Q value ≤ 0.05) in response to LPS stimulation alone or in combination with CM were identified through tandem mass tags (TMT)/mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics analysis in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts. The mRNA expression levels of filtered genes were determined by RT-qPCR assay. The results showed that CM alleviated the detrimental effect of LPS on cell viability and inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 secretions in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts. A total of 141 DEPs that might be involved in mediating functions of both LPS and CM were identified by proteomics analysis in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts. LPS inhibited milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing (MFGE8) expression and induced high mobility group nucleosome binding domain 1 (HMGN1) expression, while these effects were abrogated by CM in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts. MFGE8 knockdown facilitated TNF-α and IL-6 secretions , reduced cell viability, stimulated cell apoptosis in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts co-treated with LPS and CM. HMGN1 loss did not influence TNF-α and IL-6 secretions, cell viability, and cell apoptosis in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts co-treated with LPS and CM. In conclusion, CM exerted anti-inflammatory and pro-survival activities by regulating MFGE8 in LPS-stimulated DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts, deepening our understanding of the roles and molecular basis of CM in protecting against Gram-negative bacteria.
Factors influencing intention to intervene in elder abuse among nursing students
Authors: Kim Hee-Jeong , Seo Min-Sook , Park Dahye 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the intention to intervene in elder abuse among nursing students.

Methods
A descriptive survey design was used, and questionnaires were completed by 182 nursing students. Statistical analysis was performed on the data collected, using SPSS 25.0, χ2-test, t-test, correlation, and regression analysis to confirm predictors of intention to intervene in elder abuse.

Results
Awareness of abuse, legal and institutional knowledge, and attitude were positively correlated with the intention to intervene in elder abuse. Factors influencing the intention to intervene by nursing students were education courses about elder abuse, awareness of elder abuse, legal and institutional knowledge, and attitude.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that it is necessary to provide educational protocols for nursing students to improve their awareness and knowledge of elder abuse. Based on the findings of this study, there is a need for specific education programs and guidelines to increase the assessment of, and intervention in, elder abuse.
Influence of rigid taping on the acromiohumeral distance in healthy recreational weightlifters
Authors: Martín-San Agustín Rodrigo , Cuerda-Del Pino Alba , Moreno-Segura Noemi , Escriche-Escuder Adrian , Sánchez-Barbadora Mariana 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundSubacromial pain syndrome is one of the most frequent injuries in overhead athletes, and it takes place when the acromiohumeral distance (AHD) is narrowed. Conservative treatment is the first approach to this syndrome, being shoulder taping one of the most used techniques. Although there are quite a few studies that analyse the effect of taping on the AHD, most of them do not include sham tapings. This study aimed to examine if the Relocation of the humeral head (RHH) taping produced an increase in the AHD in healthy recreationally weightlifter males, quantifying the change that may be due to a placebo effect.MethodsThe design of this study was a two-group pretest-posttest, in which eighteen healthy recreationally weightlifter males were measured. in a laboratory of the University of Valencia. RHH using rigid or sham taping was randomly applied to the participants. The AHD was measured and registered before and after the application of the taping for both groups by a blinded examiner using ultrasound.ResultsThere were no significant differences between pre and post measures in the sham group (p= 0.51). The experimental group showed a significant AHD increase of 9.2% (10.75 ± 1.89vs11.74 ± 1.82, respectively, withp< 0.001). Significant differences in the effects of each taping on the AHD were found between groups (p< 0.001). The results of this study indicate that the RHH rigid taping increases the AHD in the shoulders of recreationally weightlifters, dismissing the possibility of a placebo effect of the taping.
Givers Feel the Heat, Too: Experience of Burning out under Fire of Psychological Distress among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Oluwole Lateef Olutoyin , Obadeji Adetunji , Dada Mobolaji Usman 
Published: August 2021

Background: Burnout is considered a condition of great public concern due to its biopsychosocial consequences which include poor quality of life. Healthcare providers have been described as high-risk population for experiencing burnout. Psychological distress is also considered a strong predictor of experience of burnout among healthcare workers who are burdened with the demand of the healthcare system. This is particularly so with healthcare workers in sub-Saharan Africa. The period of COVID-19 might have impacted on the burden of burnout experienced by healthcare professionals.
Objective: This study was to determine the burden of burnout and its relationship with psychosocial variables among healthcare workers in a tertiary health care facility.
Methods: The sample for this study was from a population of healthcare workers in a tertiary healthcare facility in southwest Nigeria. The questionnaire comprised three sections: information on socio-demographic work-related characteristics of the respondents; Maslach-Burnout-Inventory (MBI), and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) used in screening mental distress among the respondents. Student t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the means scores of respondents on both the MBI and K-10 scales.
Results: A total of 214 healthcare workers with mean age of 36.49±9.05 participated in the study. Seventy-six (35.5%) of the respondents had high burnout level on MBI. There was statistically significant difference in the mean score emotional exhaustion subscale of burnout experience for gender The mean score on emotional exhaustion dimension in doctors was significantly higher than the nurses. Emotional exhaustion correlated negatively with respondents’ years of experience at work (r = -0.181, p = 0.008). Thirty-seven (17.3%) of the respondents suffered mild to severe psychological distress as indicated by their scores on the Kessler scale of psychological distress.
Conclusion: The study brought to the fore the relevant correlates of burnout in the high-risk group of essential healthcare providers.
The Impact of Metformin in Pediatric Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus in Addition to Insulin Therapy; Literature Review
Authors: Alzahimah Mohammed Abdullah , Sleem Khalid Mohammed S. Al , Albenawy Hatem Ahmed , Mushham Albara Abdullah Mohammed Al 
Published: August 2021

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus leads to significant cardiovascular risk through various mechanisms. Intensified insulin therapy is commonly required to achieve adequate glycemic control and reduce HbA1c. However, when insulin dose increases, it might increase insulin resistance and body weight, which directly affecting the cardiovascular profile.
Objective: We aim in this literature review to address the role of adding metformin to insulin therapy to limit the cardiovascular effect, insulin resistance and improve glycemic control in pediatric age.
Methods: We searched in the PubMed database for relevant articles using the following Mesh words: Metformin - Type 1 diabetes mellitus, pediatrics - Cardiovascular risk.
Conclusion: Metformin was found to has promising cardiovascular protection when adding to insulin therapy. However, the impact of metformin in type 1 diabetes mellitus glycemic control is controversial, and further multi-systemic randomized clinical trials are recommended to address this issue.