bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Search controller‐based online efficiency optimisation strategy for induction motor drives using modified adaptive quadratic interpolation
Authors: Pal Abhisek , Das Sukanta 
Published: February 2021

A search control‐based new efficiency optimisation strategy for indirect vector controlled induction motor (IM) drive is proposed in this work. The online optimisation method considered in this regard is based on modified adaptive quadratic interpolation. The proposed strategy is employed in the flux loop of the speed control technique to decide the optimum flux component of stator current necessary to meet a particular drive operating condition. The selection of the optimum flux in this way, in fact, minimises the core loss of IM drive, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the drive depending upon the motor loading condition. Like the conventional search controllers, the algorithm is simple, immune to the machine parameter variation and does not require any additional circuitry for its implementation. The algorithm offers faster convergence, thereby preserving the dynamic response of the speed control loop. Analytical studies are done in MATLAB/Simulink and the results are validated experimentally in a 2.2 kW IM drive laboratory prototype.
Perthes-Syndrom nach Überrolltrauma
Authors: Tanner Linda , Zabel Julian , Zacharowski Kai , Adam Elisabeth 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungÜberroll- und damit einhergehende Einklemmungstraumata führen häufig zu einer schweren Polytraumatisierung, die in seltenen Fällen ein Perthes-Syndrom, auch traumatische Asphyxie genannt, zur Folge hat. Das Perthes-Syndrom präsentiert sich mit der Trias einer kraniozervikalen Zyanose, Petechien im Gesicht und subkonjunktivalen Blutungen, die eine rasche Diagnosestellung ermöglicht. Die Kasuistik stellt einen klinischen Fall vor.
Impact of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on Metabolic Comorbidities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Labenz Christian , Kostev Karel , Alqahtani Saleh A. , Galle Peter R. , Schattenberg Jörn M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a major risk factor for the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The published prevelance in epidemiological studies in this high risk population exceeds 70%. The aim of this analysis was to investigate the impact of NAFLD on T2D patients in Germany.
Methods Using the Disease Analyzer Database (IQVIA), T2D patients with NAFLD diagnosed in Germany were matched to a cohort without NAFLD controlling for age, sex, physician, index year and metabolic comorbidities and assessed for their risk of developing myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) or chronic kidney disease, as well as the type of T2D treatment on NAFLD.
Results 2633 T2D patients with NAFLD were matched to 2633 T2D patients without liver disease. The ICD coded prevalence of NAFLD in patients with T2D in primary care in Germany was 7.8%. On regression analysis of patients with T2D , the presence of NAFLD was associated with a higher risk of renal failure during follow-up (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.02–1.34, p=0.027). No association with the development of myocardial infarction, stroke, PAD or initiation of insulin therapy was observed. NAFLD patients were more frequently treated with DDP-4 inhibitors (+/-metformin) and less frequently with insulin within the first year of T2D diagnosis. The metabolic control (HbA1c range 6.5–7.5%) during follow-up did not differ between both groups.
Conclusion The coded prevalence of NAFLD in T2D patients is low, which is in contrast to published series. Enhancing disease awareness of NAFLD and screening recommendations in high risk populations will be beneficial for the active management of these patients.
Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Benzamidation of Cyclopropenes
Authors: Antonchick Andrey P. , Waldmann Herbert , Shaaban Saad , Li Houhua , Merten Christian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCyclopropylamines are characteristic structural motifs found in a variety of natural products and pharmaceuticals and therefore engaging targets for the development of new methods for their synthesis. Herein the synthesis of enantioenriched cyclopropylamines through catalytic enantioselective C–H functionalization using a chiral RhJasCp complex is reported. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions with high enantiocontrol. This reaction enables access to cyclopropylamines with three contiguous stereocenters originating from the corresponding cyclopropenes.
Is Adjuvant Radiochemotherapy Always Mandatory in Patients with Resected N2 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer?
Authors: Taber Samantha , Pfannschmidt Joachim , Bauer Torsten T. , Blum Torsten G. , Grah Christian , Griff Sergej 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background In patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the pathologic union for international cancer control (UICC) stage IIIA is a heterogeneous entity, with different forms of N2-lymph node involvement representing different prognoses. Although a multimodality treatment approach, including surgery, systemic therapy, and/or radiotherapy, is almost always recommended, in this retrospective observational study, we sought to determine whether long-term survival might be possible in selected patients who are treated with complete surgical resection alone.
Methods Between 2013 and 2018, we retrospectively identified 24 patients with NSCLC (16 men and 8 women), who were found to have pathologic N2-lymph node involvement, and were treated with complete surgical lung resection and systematic mediastinal and hilar lymph node dissection but no neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment.
Results The most frequent reason (n = 14) for forgoing adjuvant treatment was patient refusal. The mean overall survival (OS) was 34.5 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 15.5–53.5 months). The mean disease-free survival (DFS) was 18 months (IQR: 4.75–46.75 months). We identified five patients who survived at least 5 years without recurrence (21%). In each of these cases, the nodal metastases were restricted to a single level and no extracapsular lymph node involvement were detected. Additionally, worse DFS was associated with pT3/4 (vs. a lower T-stage), as well as microscopic lymphovascular invasion.
Conclusion Although the small sample size precludes any definitive conclusions, it was possible to demonstrate that long-term survival without neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment is possible in some patients if complete tumor and nodal resection is performed.
Lymphocyte Immune Response and T Cell Differentiation in Fontan Patients with protein-losing enteropathy
Authors: Moosmann Julia , Toka Okan , Lukassen Sören , Ekici Arif B. , Mackensen Andreas , Völkl Simon , Dittrich Sven 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a severe complication of the Fontan circulation. There is increasing discussion about whether lymphatic dysregulation is involved as pathomechanism of PLE. This investigation focuses on the interplay between alteration of lymphatic cells and immunologic pathway alterations.Methods Micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) expression profiling was performed in 49 patients (n = 10 Fontan patients with PLE, n = 30 Fontan patients without PLE, and n = 9 patients with dextro-transposition of the great arteries (dTGA). miRNA pathway analysis was performed to identify significantly enriched pathways. To determine lymphocyte populations and subtypes multiparameter flow cytometry was used.Results miRNAs pathway analysis of Fontan patients with PLE revealed 20 significantly changed networks of which four of the ten largest were associated with immunologic processes. This finding is supported by significant T cell deficiency with decreased CD4+ count (p = 0.0002), altered CD4 +/CD8+ ratio, and significantly modified CD4+ (p < 0.0001) and CD8+ (p = 0.0002) T cell differentiation toward effector and terminal differentiated T cells in Fontan patients with PLE. Analyses of CD4+ T cell subsets demonstrated significantly increased frequencies of CD4+ CD25+ CD127– regulatory T cells (Treg) in Fontan patients with PLE (p = 0.0011).Conclusion PLE in Fontan patients is associated with severe lymphopenia, T cell deficiency, significant alterations of T cell differentiation, and increased Treg frequency reflecting an immune status of chronic inflammation and shortened protection against pathogens and autoimmunity. These cellular alterations seemed to be dysregulated by several miRNA controlled immunological pathways.
Internal Radioulnar Fixation for Treatment of Nonunion of Proximal Radius and Ulna Fractures in a Toy Breed Dog
Authors: Vezzoni Luca , Abrescia Paolo , Vezzoni Aldo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this case report, we describe an alternative surgical procedure to treat proximal radius and ulnar nonunion in a toy breed dog. A 14-month-old, Maltese cross-breed dog was referred after previous treatment with external and internal fixation had failed, resulting in a nonunion of a fracture of the proximal radius and ulna with the proximal radius fragment too small and friable to be used for fixation. A craniomedial approach was made to debride the radius nonunion site and a second approach to the lateral aspect of the ulna was made. The fracture was realigned and a titanium locking plate was applied in bridging fashion, fixed to the proximal ulnar fragment with three locking screws in the most proximal plate holes, a fourth screw was inserted in the mid-shaft of the distal ulnar fragment and three locking screws were inserted in the distal most holes of the plate through the distal ulna to engage the distal radial fragment. A recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 2 graft was inserted into the radius and ulna fracture sites. The dog had a successful clinical and radiographic outcome with bridging of the defect 4 weeks postoperatively and complete callus formation 8 weeks postoperatively. Implants have undergone dynamization and then removal. Use of a locking plate as an internal fixator achieving fixation of the proximal ulna and distal radius can be considered an option for the treatment of proximal radioulnar nonunions with a small proximal radial fragment.
Uncommon Presentation of COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients: Anosmia
Authors: Dağlı Hatice Y. , Akcan Özge M. , Pekcan Sevgi , Gençeli Mustafa , Özdemir Hüseyin S. , Uğurlu Betül , Özbek Ümmü S. , Parlatan Havva , Akın Fatih , Yazar Abdullah , Kılıç Ahmet O. , Özdemir Mehmet , Taşbent Fatma E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Although the complaint of anosmia is well described in adult patients, there is limited knowledge in pediatric patients. We aim to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics and clinical findings of children with anosmia in COVID-19-positive pediatric patients.
Methods Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection at 1 month to 18 years of age, who admitted to Meram Faculty of Medicine of Necmettin Erbakan University between March and June 2020, were retrospectively reviewed, and the patients who had anosmia or developed anosmia during follow-up were then included in the study. The diagnosis was established by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results A total of 71 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 14 (19.7%) of them had anosmia. Mean patient age was 14.07 (range: 10–16) years. Six of our 14 (42.8%) patients had anosmia at the time of diagnosis and anosmia developed in the follow-up among eight patients. The mean duration of anosmia in our patients was 6.9 ± 3.8 days. Recovery time was 1 to 4 days in four patients (28.5%), 5 to 8 days in four patients (28.5%), and 9 to 14 days in six patients (42.8%).
Conclusion In this article, it was emphasized that anosmia can be the sole manifestation or concomitant with other symptoms in children with COVID-19 disease. Care and attention is important to identify COVID-19 patients at an early stage of the disease and limit the spread of the virus.
Characterization of the Platelet Phenotype Caused by a Germline RUNX1 Variant in a CRISPR/Cas9-Generated Murine Model
Authors: Marín-Quílez Ana , García-Tuñón Ignacio , Fernández-Infante Cristina , Hernández-Cano Luis , Palma-Barqueros Verónica , Vuelta Elena , Sánchez-Martín Manuel , González-Porras José Ramón , Guerrero Carmen , Benito Rocío , Rivera José , Hernández-Rivas Jesús María , Bastida José María 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
RUNX1-related disorder (RUNX1-RD) is caused by germline variants affecting the RUNX1 gene. This rare, heterogeneous disorder has no specific clinical or laboratory phenotype, making genetic diagnosis necessary. Although international recommendations have been established to classify the pathogenicity of variants, identifying the causative alteration remains a challenge in RUNX1-RD. Murine models may be useful not only for definitively settling the controversy about the pathogenicity of certain RUNX1 variants, but also for elucidating the mechanisms of molecular pathogenesis. Therefore, we developed a knock-in murine model, using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, carrying the RUNX1 p.Leu43Ser variant (mimicking human p.Leu56Ser) to study its pathogenic potential and mechanisms of platelet dysfunction. A total number of 75 mice were generated; 25 per genotype (RUNX1WT/WT, RUNX1WT/L43S, and RUNX1L43S/L43S). Platelet phenotype was assessed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. On average, RUNX1L43S/L43S and RUNX1WT/L43S mice had a significantly longer tail-bleeding time than RUNX1WT/WT mice, indicating the variant's involvement in hemostasis. However, only homozygous mice displayed mild thrombocytopenia. RUNX1L43S/L43S and RUNX1WT/L43S displayed impaired agonist-induced spreading and α-granule release, with no differences in δ-granule secretion. Levels of integrin αIIbβ3 activation, fibrinogen binding, and aggregation were significantly lower in platelets from RUNX1L43S/L43S and RUNX1WT/L43S using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and high thrombin doses. Lower levels of PKC phosphorylation in RUNX1L43S/L43S and RUNX1WT/L43S suggested that the PKC-signaling pathway was impaired. Overall, we demonstrated the deleterious effect of the RUNX1 p.Leu56Ser variant in mice via the impairment of integrin αIIbβ3 activation, aggregation, α-granule secretion, and platelet spreading, mimicking the phenotype associated with RUNX1 variants in the clinical setting.
A method of identifying allographs in undeciphered scripts and its application to the Indus Valley Script
Authors: Daggumati Shruti , Revesz Peter Z. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis work describes a general method of testing for redundancies in the sign lists of ancient scripts by data mining the positions of the signs within the inscriptions. The redundant signs are allographs of the same grapheme. The method is applied to the undeciphered Indus Valley Script, which stands out from other ancient scripts by having a large proposed sign list that contains dozens of asymmetric signs that have mirrored pairs. By a statistical analysis of mirrored asymmetric signs, this paper shows that the Indus Valley Script was multi-directional and the mirroring of signs often denotes only the direction of writing without any difference in meaning. For this and five other specific reasons listed in the paper, 50 pairs of signs, 23 mirrored, and 27 non-mirrored, can be grouped together because each pair consists of only insignificant variations of the same original sign. The reduced sign list may make decipherment easier in the future.
Science diplomacy as a foreign policy tool for Turkey and the ramifications of collaboration with the EU
Authors: Buyuktanir Karacan Derya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs an emerging market economy and a candidate country for EU membership, Turkey has engaged in large-scale international science and research programs and organizations in Europe since the 1950s, and more intensely after its candidacy status commenced at the end of 1999. These engagements, which can be framed as Science Diplomacy (SD) efforts, were motivated by the Turkish government’s perception that Turkey needs to become more integrated with the European countries, and must stay abreast of the science and technology developments or risk falling behind other EU candidate countries. The primary purpose of this paper is to explore how the emerging concept of SD helps explain transformations and changes in Turkish Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) policies since 2000, with a special focus on engagements with the EU’s science and research programs and European organizations, and subsequently filling a gap in related literature. Europeanization and qualitative content analysis are used as theoretical framework and methodology, respectively, to analyze these engagements. The key findings and conclusions point out that Turkey’s efforts to harmonize its science and technology policies with the EU’s has paved the way for new funding mechanisms and its participation in Horizon 2020 as an associated country. In addition, using Science and Technology (S&T) cooperation as a soft power has strengthened the public diplomacy of Turkey with the European countries. As a result, increased involvement in STI partnerships with the European countries could help Turkey open new venues for developing its SD. However, despite the mutual economic and political benefit gained through scientific interactions, Turkey is still not using science as a diplomacy tool as effectively as it might to augment its foreign policy. It should be noted that research is one of the very few areas where the relations Turkey and the EU are still cooperating, regardless of growing tensions between the two parties. Thus, Framework Programs and other scientific projects that Turkey has participated in can provide founding experiences of Turkish SD with the EU, and may help Turkey open new venues for developing its SD. Nevertheless, a more resolute political will is needed.
Giant spontaneous Hall effect in a nonmagnetic Weyl–Kondo semimetal
Authors: Dzsaber Sami , Yan Xinlin , Taupin Mathieu , Eguchi Gaku , Prokofiev Andrey , Shiroka Toni , Blaha Peter , Rubel Oleg , Grefe Sarah E. , Lai Hsin-Hua , Si Qimiao , Paschen Silke 
Published: February 2021

Significance
States of matter are traditionally classified by their symmetry, as exemplified by the distinction between a solid and a liquid. Topological quantum phases, on the other hand, are harder to characterize, and still harder to identify. This is especially so in electronic systems with strong correlations. In this work, we uncover a purely electric-field-driven “giant” Hall response—orders of magnitude above expectation—in one such material and propose a mechanism whereby it is driven by strong correlations. Our results will enable the identification of electronic topological states in a broad range of strongly correlated quantum materials and may trigger efforts toward their exploitation in robust quantum electronics.
Mechanism and function of root circumnutation
Authors: Taylor Isaiah , Lehner Kevin , McCaskey Erin , Nirmal Niba , Ozkan-Aydin Yasemin , Murray-Cooper Mason , Jain Rashmi , Hawkes Elliot W. , Ronald Pamela C. , Goldman Daniel I. , Benfey Philip N. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Root growth in soil is complex. With limited sensory input, roots must navigate an environment containing heterogeneities such as rocks and compaction. The ability of roots to penetrate soil is crucial for water and nutrient uptake as well as mechanical anchorage. Here, we describe a molecular framework controlling helical root growth known as circumnutation. Functional characterization of circumnutation is consistent with the hypothesis that it is crucial for exploratory behavior and substrate penetration. This work lays a foundation for an integrated understanding of how roots grow in soil.
Genetic priming of sensory neurons in mice that overexpress PAR2 enhances allergen responsiveness
Authors: Braz Joao M. , Dembo Todd , Charruyer Alexandra , Ghadially Ruby , Fassett Marlys S. , Basbaum Allan I. 
Published: February 2021

SignificanceDermatitis is a major inflammatory skin condition that is associated with pruritus and affects millions of people worldwide. However, there is still little knowledge about the contribution of the cutaneous sensory neurons to the chronic disease. Here we show that chronic, but not acute, exposure to allergens/pruritogens induces robust itch in the dermatitis-proneGrhl3PAR2/+transgenic mouse line, in part due to profound transcriptional changes that are induced in trigeminal ganglion neurons that innervate the allergen-treated skin. Most upregulated genes were concentrated in unmyelinated primary afferents that express TRPV1, a known pruritoceptor. As comparable transcriptional changes were recorded in a second dermatitis model, we conclude that a common genetic priming program in sensory neurons contributes to dermatitis.
Brutal spoons and cheesy gloves
Authors: Mühleisen Susanne 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn its long presence on television and the internet, the genre of the cooking show has changed and diversified significantly. The initial principally instructional character has given way to more entertaining sub-genres, including parodic ones, that is, ‘spoof cooking shows’ on the internet. The presentation of self (Goffman 1959) takes on many forms in everyday life, but the possibilities of publicly managing one’s own impression have enormously increased on the largest stage in the world, the internet (cf.Shulman 2017). The blurring of the Goffmanian concepts ‘front-’ and ‘backstage’ are important here in the presentation of self as ‘fake’ or ‘real’ person on the web. This article looks at the diversification of the genre of the cooking show in its transition to the internet, first by investigating strategies of formality or informality (Irvine 1979,2001), then by exploring a particular spoof show,Cooking with Paris, as an example of how genre conventions are manifested by undermining.