bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child abuse and suicidality in the context of the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide: A network analysis
Authors: Schönfelder Antje , Rath Dajana , Forkmann Thomas , Paashaus Laura , Lucht Luise , Teismann Tobias , Stengler Katarina , Juckel Georg , Glaesmer Heide 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesWhile there is evidence for an association of child abuse with suicidality in the course of life, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) provides a theoretical framework to investigate this relationship. The present study examines how different subtypes of child abuse are related to suicidal ideation and to attempts in the context of the IPTS.Methods146 psychiatric inpatients (M = 37.9 years, 62% female) with an acute suicidal crisis (n = 71) or a recent suicide attempt (n = 74) were examined at baseline (T0) and six (T1) months later. We measured emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, the constructs of the IPTS (thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and capability for suicide) and suicidal ideation as well as suicide attempts. Using the statistics program R, a network analysis of all named constructs was conducted. Centrality measures were computed.ResultsEmotional abuse was the most central kind of abuse in the network and had a direct relationship with suicide attempts and an indirect relationship with suicidal ideation via perceived burdensomeness. Physical and sexual abuse showed no significant relations with the different constructs of the IPTS.ConclusionThe major limitation of this study was the modest sample size which reduced the number of variables able to be included in the network. Regarding child abuse, the results underline that emotional abuse plays a central role in this network and may be important for suicide risk assessment. Future research should address this topic in a larger sample.Practitioner points

Emotional abuse was the most central kind of abuse in this network analysis.

Sexual abuse was the only kind of abuse with a direct relation to suicidal ideation.

Capability for suicide had just a marginal position in the network analysis.

Early interventions addressing the effects of child abuse are recommended.

Replications in larger samples and with more relevant variables are needed.
Impact of the School Environment on Medical Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population‐Wide Register Data Study of School‐Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports
Authors: Borgen Nicolai T. , Frønes Ivar , Raaum Oddbjørn 
Published: May 2021

Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most heritable psychiatric childhood disorders, social and gene–environment interactions seemingly play an important role in the etiology of ADHD. Consistent with this, this study finds that School‐Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) reduced the likelihood of pharmacotherapeutic treatment for ADHD at age 14–16 by 12%, using population‐wide Norwegian register data and a difference‐in‐difference design (N = 698,364, birth cohorts 1990–2002, 48.7% girls, 5.7% immigrant background). At‐risk students in schools with high fidelity of implementation are driving these intervention effects. Overall, the findings indicate that children with a genetic disposition for ADHD are more likely to avoid medical treatment in an organized and predictable school setting with a focus on positive reinforcement.
Urinary symptoms in women with faecal incontinence
Authors: Ortega Marcus V. , Kim Youngwu , Mitchell Caroline , James Kaitlyn , Savitt Lieba , Von Bargen Emily , Bordeianou Liliana G. , Weinstein Milena M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimFaecal incontinence (FI) is estimated to affect 8.9% of women in the United States, with a significant impact on quality of life. Our aim was to compare urinary symptoms in patients with and without FI with different degrees of severity.MethodsThis prospective cohort of women presented for care at a pelvic floor disorder centre between May 2007 and January 2019. We excluded women with a history of bowel resection, prior history of pelvic organ prolapse surgery or existing prolapse symptoms reported by the patient during intake. The primary outcome was the presence of urinary symptoms in women with and without FI by validated questionnaires. A logistic regression model for association of urinary symptoms with FI was performed, adjusting for age, smoking, diabetes, prior hysterectomy and irritable bowel syndrome.ResultsA total of 2932 met inclusion criteria, and of these 1404 (47.89%) reported FI. In the univariate analysis, patients with FI were more likely to have urgency urinary incontinence (P = 0.01) or mixed urinary incontinence (P < 0.001), report nocturnal enuresis (P < 0.001) or have leakage of urine during sex (P < 0.001). In an adjusted model, FI was associated with concurrent stress (adjusted OR 1.28, P = 0.034), urgency (adjusted OR 1.52, P < 0.001) and mixed incontinence (adjusted OR 1.94, P < 0.001).ConclusionIn women with pelvic floor disorders, the presence of FI is associated with a higher prevalence of urinary incontinence. Pelvic floor specialists should assess urinary incontinence symptoms along with the presence and severity of FI to provide comprehensive care and guide appropriate therapy.
The role of inorganic electrolyte (salt) in cellulosic fibre dyeing: Part 1 fundamental aspects
Authors: Burkinshaw Stephen M 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis review concerns the application of dyes to both natural and man‐made cellulosic fibres from aqueous dyebaths using exhaust dyeing processes and the role of added inorganic electrolyte in such dyeing systems. This part of the article presents a review of the fundamental properties and characteristics of cellulosic fibres and each of the five classes of dye employed for their coloration, as well as the essential principles involved in the application of the various types of dye to cellulosic fibres. In the next part of the article, the various theories and concepts which have been proposed to account for the promotional effect exerted by added inorganic electrolyte on dye uptake are reviewed and scrutinised, from the viewpoints of the essential physico‐chemical properties of the five classes of dye that are used and the fundamental aspects of their application.
Presumed killers? Vultures, stakeholders, misperceptions, and fake news
Authors: Lambertucci Sergio A. , Margalida Antoni , Speziale Karina L. , Amar Arjun , Ballejo Fernando , Bildstein Keith L. , Blanco Guillermo , Botha André J. , Bowden Christopher G.R. , Cortés‐Avizanda Ainara , Duriez Olivier , Green Rhys E. , Hiraldo Fernando , Ogada Darcy , Plaza Pablo , Sánchez‐Zapata José A. , Santangeli Andrea , Selva Nuria , Spiegel Orr , Donázar José A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVultures and condors are among the most threatened avian species in the world due to the impacts of human activities. Negative perceptions can contribute to these threats as some vulture species have been historically blamed for killing livestock. This perception of conflict has increased in recent years, associated with a viral spread of partial and biased information through social media and despite limited empirical support for these assertions. Here, we highlight that magnifying infrequent events of livestock being injured by vultures through publically shared videos or biased news items negatively impact efforts to conserve threatened populations of avian scavengers. We encourage environmental agencies, researchers, and practitioners to evaluate the reliability, frequency, and context of reports of vulture predation, weighing those results against the diverse and valuable contributions of vultures to environmental health and human well‐being. We also encourage the development of awareness campaigns and improved livestock management practices, including commonly available nonlethal deterrence strategies, if needed. These actions are urgently required to allow the development of a more effective conservation strategy for vultures worldwide.
Echocardiographic assessment of coronary microvascular dysfunction: Basic concepts, technical aspects, and clinical settings
Authors: Carbone Andreina , D’Andrea Antonello , Sperlongano Simona , Tagliamonte Ercole , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Santoro Ciro , Evola Vincenzo , Bandera Francesco , Morrone Doralisa , Malagoli Alessandro , D’Ascenzi Flavio , Bossone Eduardo , Cameli Matteo ,   Echocardiography study group of the Italian Society of Cardiology
Published: May 2021

AbstractCoronary flow reserve is the capacity of the coronary circulation to augment the blood flow in response an increase in myocardial metabolic demands and has a powerful prognostic significance in different clinical situations. It might assess with invasive and noninvasive technique. Transthoracic echocardiography Doppler is an emerging diagnostic technique, noninvasive, highly feasible, safe for patient and physician, without radiation, and able to detect macrovascular and microvascular anomalies in the coronary circulation. This review aims to describe the benefit and limits of echocardiographic assessment of coronary flow reserve.
Interplay between gut microbiota, bone health and vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Rodrigues Fernanda G. , Ormanji Milene S. , Heilberg Ita P. , Bakker Stephan J. L. , de Borst Martin H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDeregulations in gut microbiota may play a role in vascular and bone disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD). As glomerular filtration rate declines, the colon becomes more important as a site of excretion of urea and uric acid, and an increased bacterial proteolytic fermentation alters the gut microbial balance. A diet with limited amounts of fibre, as well as certain medications (eg phosphate binders, iron supplementation, antibiotics) further contribute to changes in gut microbiota composition among CKD patients. At the same time, both vascular calcification and bone disease are common in patients with advanced kidney disease. This narrative review describes emerging evidence on gut dysbiosis, vascular calcification, bone demineralization and their interrelationship termed the ‘gut‐bone‐vascular axis’ in progressive CKD. The role of diet, gut microbial metabolites (ie indoxyl sulphate, p‐cresyl sulphate, trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA)), vitamin K deficiency, inflammatory cytokines and their impact on both bone health and vascular calcification are discussed. This framework may open up novel preventive and therapeutic approaches targeting the microbiome in an attempt to improve cardiovascular and bone health in CKD.
Serotonin 5‐HT7 receptors require cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 to rescue hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Costa Lara , Tempio Alessandra , Lacivita Enza , Leopoldo Marcello , Ciranna Lucia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFragile X Syndrome is a genetic form of intellectual disability associated with autism, epilepsy and mood disorders. Electrophysiology studies in Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice, a murine model of Fragile X Syndrome, have demonstrated alterations of synaptic plasticity, with exaggerated long‐term depression induced by activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR‐LTD) in Fmr1 KO hippocampus. We have previously demonstrated that activation of serotonin 5‐HT7 receptors reverses mGluR‐LTD in the hippocampus of wild‐type and Fmr1 KO mice, thus correcting a synaptic dysfunction typically observed in this disease model. Here we show that pharmacological inhibition of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5, a signaling molecule recently shown to be a modulator of brain synaptic plasticity) enhanced mGluR‐LTD in wild‐type hippocampal neurons, which became comparable to exaggerated mGluR‐LTD observed in Fmr1 KO neurons. Furthermore, Cdk5 inhibition prevented 5‐HT7 receptor‐mediated reversal of mGluR‐LTD both in wild‐type and in Fmr1 KO neurons. Our results show that Cdk5 modulates hippocampal synaptic plasticity. 5‐HT7 receptors require Cdk5 to modulate synaptic plasticity in wild‐type and rescue abnormal plasticity in Fmr1 KO neurons, pointing out Cdk5 as a possible novel target in Fragile X Syndrome.
Movements of transposable elements contribute to the genomic plasticity and species diversification in an asexually reproducing nematode pest
Authors: Kozlowski Djampa K. L. , Hassanaly‐Goulamhoussen Rahim , Da Rocha Martine , Koutsovoulos Georgios D. , Bailly‐Bechet Marc , Danchin Etienne G. J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite reproducing without sexual recombination, Meloidogyne incognita is an adaptive and versatile phytoparasitic nematode. This species displays a global distribution, can parasitize a large range of plants, and can overcome plant resistance in a few generations. The mechanisms underlying this adaptability remain poorly known. At the whole‐genome level, only a few single nucleotide variations have been observed across different geographical isolates with distinct ranges of compatible hosts. Exploring other factors possibly involved in genomic plasticity is thus important. Transposable elements (TEs), by their repetitive nature and mobility, can passively and actively impact the genome dynamics. This is particularly expected in polyploid hybrid genomes such as the one of M. incognita. Here, we have annotated the TE content of M. incognita, analyzed the statistical properties of this TE landscape, and used whole‐genome pool‐seq data to estimate the mobility of these TEs across twelve geographical isolates, presenting variations in ranges of compatible host plants. DNA transposons are more abundant than retrotransposons, and the high similarity of TE copies to their consensus sequences suggests they have been at least recently active. We have identified loci in the genome where the frequencies of presence of a TE showed substantial variations across the different isolates. Overall, variations in TE frequencies across isolates followed their phylogenetic divergence, suggesting TEs participate in the species diversification. Compared with the M. incognita reference genome, we detected isolate and lineage‐specific de novo insertion of some TEs, including within genic regions or in the upstream regulatory regions. We validated by PCR the insertion of some of these TEs inside genic regions, confirming TE movements have possible functional impacts. Overall, we show DNA transposons can drive genomic plasticity in M. incognita and their role in genome evolution of other parthenogenetic animal deserves further investigation.
Focal peritarsal cellulitis with long digital extensor tenosynovitis
Authors: Kalka A. , Harding P. G. , Cullimore A. M. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThis study reviews seven cases of focal peritarsal infection with long digital extensor tendon sheath (LoDETS) tenosynovitis, which presented to the same metropolitan equine practice over a 3‐year period (2016‐2019). All horses presented with acute‐onset severe hindlimb lameness, in combination with swelling and pain of the dorsal tarsus. In all cases, tarsal ultrasound demonstrated diffuse thickening of subcutaneous tissues and increased hypoechoic fluid volume in the LoDETS. Sampling and analysis of the LoDETS fluid demonstrated increased nucleated cell count, neutrophil percentage or total protein, consistent with sepsis in 6/7 cases. No bacterial organisms were identified on cytology or culture. Treatment consisted of systemic and local antimicrobial therapies, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and hand walking. Treatment duration ranged from 15 to 33 days. Lameness resolved in five cases; the remaining two cases were euthanised due to complicating factors prior to resolution of lameness. The study demonstrates the use of ultrasound and synovial fluid analysis in the diagnostic work‐up of suspected cases of focal peritarsal infection and identifies concurrent sepsis of the LoDETS as a novel finding. The prognosis for resolution of peritarsal cellulitis with concurrent sepsis of the LoDETS is considered good, with early diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial treatment.
Efficacy of group‐based multi‐component psycho‐education for caregivers of people with dementia: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Seike Aya , Sumigaki Chieko , Takeuchi Sayaka , Hagihara Junko , Takeda Akinori , Becker Carl , Toba Kenji , Sakurai Takashi 
Published: May 2021

AimThe aim of this study was to examine the ability of a group‐based multi‐component psycho‐educational intervention (GMC‐PEI) to reduce depression, and improve caregiving appraisals, coping skills of informal caregivers and the condition of people with dementia.MethodsIn this randomized controlled and blinded trial, we enrolled 54 informal caregivers of people with dementia visiting the Japan National Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology, and divided them into GMC‐PEI and control groups. The intervention group received a 12‐week GMC‐PEI program that included six 2‐h structured sessions to enhance their knowledge of dementia, caregiving skills and coping skills. The control group received leaflets containing information about dementia. We evaluated caregivers' depression, caregiving time, subjective burden, caregiving appraisal and care coping skills. We also evaluated people with dementia at baseline and 12 weeks, and reassessed 20 participants from the intervention group at 24 and 48 weeks.ResultsThe GMC‐PEI significantly improved depression, positive appraisals of fulfillment in caregiving, affection for care recipients, self‐growth and coping skills, such as seeking formal support. Depression, fulfillment and affection for people with dementia showed a peak improvement at 24 weeks; formal support‐seeking showed a linear improvement throughout the 48‐week follow‐up period.ConclusionsThe group‐based multi‐component psycho‐educational intervention reduced depression, improved self‐appraisal and enhanced coping skills in caregivers. However, emotional enhancements dissipated sooner than support‐seeking skills, suggesting that caregivers should be reviewed every 12–24 weeks. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 561–567.
Institutional proximity and judicial corruption: A spatial approach
Authors: Wang Juan , Liu Sida 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article develops a relational explanation for judicial corruption, namely, a spatial theory of institutional proximity, to complement existing behavioral and institutional approaches. Institutional proximity refers to the spatial proximity between adjacent political or social institutions, including courts. This proximity can be a result of political or administrative regulations, workplace interactions, or the mobility of individual actors between them. Linking ecologies and space travelers are two key spatial mechanisms through which institutional proximity enables judicial corruption. They pave the pathways of judicial corruption, that is, how corrupt transactions and related social interactions are facilitated by and communicated through institutions adjacent to the court. The theory is operationalized in the context of Chinese courts and the various pathways of judicial corruption are exemplified through a number of publicly reported cases in China.
Patient perspectives on quality of care for depression and anxiety in primary health care teams: A qualitative study
Authors: Ashcroft Rachelle , Menear Matthew , Greenblatt Andrea , Silveira Jose , Dahrouge Simone , Sunderji Nadiya , Emode Monica , Booton Jocelyn , Muchenje Marvelous , Cooper Rachel , Haughton Asante , McKenzie Kwame 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundWidespread policy reforms in Canada, the United States and elsewhere over the last two decades strengthened team models of primary care by bringing together family physicians and nurse practitioners with a range of mental health and other interdisciplinary providers. Understanding how patients with depression and anxiety experience newer team‐based models of care delivery is essential to explore whether the intended impact of these reforms is achieved, identify gaps that remain and provide direction on strengthening the quality of mental health care.ObjectiveThe main study objective was to understand patients’ perspectives on the quality of care that they received for anxiety and depression in primary care teams.MethodsThis was a qualitative study, informed by constructivist grounded theory. We conducted focus groups and individual interviews with primary care patients about their experiences with mental health care. Focus groups and individual interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Grounded theory guided an inductive analysis of the data.ResultsForty patients participated in the study: 31 participated in one of four focus groups, and nine completed an individual interview. Participants in our study described their experiences with mental health care across four themes: accessibility, technical care, trusting relationships and meeting diverse needs.ConclusionGreater attention by policymakers is needed to strengthen integrated collaborative practices in primary care so that patients have similar access to mental health services across different primary care practices, and smoother continuity of care across sectors. The research team is comprised of individuals with lived experience of mental health who have participated in all aspects of the research process.
Burkitt lymphoma with a granulomatous reaction: an M1/Th1‐polarised microenvironment is associated with controlled growth and spontaneous regression
Authors: Granai Massimo , Lazzi Stefano , Mancini Virginia , Akarca Ayse , Santi Raffaella , Vergoni Federica , Sorrentino Ester , Guazzo Raffaella , Mundo Lucia , Cevenini Gabriele , Tripodo Claudio , Di Stefano Gioia , Puccini Benedetta , Ponzoni Maurilio , Sabattini Elena , Agostinelli Claudio , Bassüllü Nuray , Tecimer Tülay , Demiroz Ahu Senem , Mnango Leah , Dirnhofer Stephan , Quintanilla‐Martinez Leticia , Marafioti Teresa , Fend Falko , Leoncini Lorenzo 
Published: May 2021

AimsBurkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B‐cell lymphoma that, in some instances, may show a granulomatous reaction associated with a favourable prognosis and occasional spontaneous regression. In the present study, we aimed to define the tumour microenvironment (TME) in four such cases, two of which regressed spontaneously.Methods and resultsAll cases showed aggregates of tumour cells with the typical morphology, molecular cytogenetics and immunophenotype of BL surrounded by a florid epithelioid granulomatous reaction. All four cases were Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐positive with type I latency. Investigation of the TME showed similar features in all four cases. The analysis revealed a proinflammatory response triggered by Th1 lymphocytes and M1 polarised macrophages encircling the neoplastic cells with a peculiar topographic distribution.ConclusionsOur data provide an in‐vivo picture of the role that specific immune cell subsets might play during the early phase of BL, which may be capable of maintaining the tumour in a self‐limited state or inducing its regression. These novel results may provide insights into new potential therapeutic avenues in EBV‐positive BL patients in the era of cellular immunotherapy.