bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practice Patterns of Central Venous Catheter Placement and Confirmation in Pediatric Critical Care
Authors: Veten Ahmed , Davis Joshua , Kavanagh Robert , Thomas Neal , Zurca Adrian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOptimal practices for the placement of central venous catheters (CVCs) in critically ill children are unclear. This study describes the clinical practice of pediatric critical care medicine (PCCM) providers regarding CVC placement, including site selection, confirmation practices and assessment of complications. Two-hundred fourteen PCCM providers responded to an electronic survey, including 170 (79%) attending physicians, 30 (14%) fellow physicians, and 14 (7%) advanced practice providers. PCCM providers most commonly place internal jugular (IJ) and femoral CVCs, with subclavian CVCs and peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) placed less commonly (IJ 99%, femoral 95%, subclavian 40%, PICC 19%). The IJ is the most preferred site (128/214 (60%)); decreased infection risk is the most common reason for preferring this site. The subclavian is the least preferred site (150/214 [70%]) due to concern for increased risk of complications (51%) and personal discomfort with the procedure (49%). One-hundred twenty-six (59%) of respondents reported receiving formal ultrasound (US) or echocardiography training. Respondents reported using dynamic US guidance for placement in 90% of IJ, 86% of PICC, 78% of femoral, and 12% of subclavian CVCs. Plain radiography (X-ray) was the most preferred modality for confirming CVC tip position (85%) compared with US (9%) and no imaging (5%). Most providers reported using X-ray to evaluate for pneumothorax following upper extremity CVC placement, with only 5% reporting use of US and none relying on physical exam alone. This study demonstrates wide variability in PCCM providers' CVC placement practices. Potential training gaps exist for placement of subclavian catheters and use of US.
Carnitine-Acylcarnitine Translocase Deficiency Masked by Extreme Prematurity
Authors: Lund Kelli C. , Scottoline Brian , Jordan Brian K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCarnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) deficiency is a rare disorder of long chain fatty acid oxidation with a very high mortality rate due to cardiomyopathy or multiorgan failure. We present the course of a very premature infant with early onset CACT deficiency complicated by multiple episodes of necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, and liver insufficiency, followed by eventual demise. The complications of prematurity, potentiated by the overlay of CACT deficiency, contributed to the difficulty of reaching the ultimate diagnosis of CACT deficiency.
Knowledge, Awareness, Attitude, and Opinion about Application of Dental Stem Cells: A Dental School-Based Questionnaire Study
Authors: Subba Tarona Azem , Talwar Avaneendra , Anegundi Raghavendra Vamsi , Ashok Karishma , Ramesh Amitha , Thomas Biju 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge, awareness, attitude, and opinion concerning dental stem cells among faculty, postgraduates, and interns in a dental school.
Materials and Methods A questionnaire consisting of 12 questions was circulated among the 150 participants (50 faculty, 50 postgraduate students, and 50 interns). A questionnaire was prepared that could assess the basic knowledge on stem cells (dental) based on similar previous studies. The questionnaire data were entered by the investigator in Microsoft Excel 2010 on a corresponding day. Using Predictive Analytics Tools (Version 18), the analysis was done. Probability ratios by Pearson were used to analyze the application of knowledge, perception regarding stem cells.
Results The survey participants consisted of ~73% of females and 27% of males. Most of the participants have come across the term stem cells and thought that only pulp stem cells signified the only source of dental stem cells. The majority of the participants pointed out the anticipated high cost to be the biggest obstacle to a patient accepting regenerative dental treatment by stem cells.
Conclusion This study reveals a good level of knowledge among dental professionals, and it also showed the need to develop more awareness about the advancements in applications and banking.
Aluminum textile-based binder-free nanostructured battery cathodes using a layer-by-layer assembly of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Nam Donghyeon , Kwon Minseong , Ko Yongmin , Huh June , Lee Seung Woo , Cho Jinhan 
Published: February 2021

Despite considerable interest in textile-based battery electrodes with large surface areas and mechanical flexibility, issues have restricted further advances in the energy performance of textile electrodes. These issues include the ineffective incorporation of conductive and/or active components into textile frameworks, the poor charge transfer between energy materials, and the formation of numerous unstable interfaces within textile electrodes. Herein, we introduce an aluminum textile-based lithium-ion battery cathode with remarkable areal capacity, high rate performance, and good cycling stability. Ligand exchange reaction-induced layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of metal nanoparticles and small molecule linkers, with subsequent metal electroplating, perfectly converted polyester textiles to 3D-porous aluminum textiles that can be used as current collectors and high-energy reservoirs. The consecutive LbL assembly of high-energy LiFePO4 and conductive indium tin oxide nanoparticles onto the aluminum textiles using small organic linkers significantly increased the areal capacity and cycling stability (at least 580 cycles) of the resultant cathode, allowing facile charge transfer within the textile electrodes. Furthermore, the areal capacity of these textile electrodes increased from 1.07 to 3.28 mA h cm−2, with an increase in the folding number from 0 to 2.
RPA-mediated recruitment of Bre1 couples histone H2B ubiquitination to DNA replication and repair
Authors: Liu Guangxue , Yan Jiaqi , Wang Xuejie , Chen Junliang , Wang Xin , Dong Yang , Zhang Simin , Gan Xiaoli , Huang Jun , Chen Xuefeng 
Published: February 2021

Significance
In eukaryotes, the monoubiquitination of histone H2B (H2Bub) plays a critical role in shaping chromatin structure, dynamics, and function. This modification is essential for proper DNA replication, repair, and transcription, but how H2Bub is evoked during these processes is unknown. Here, we found that the single-stranded DNA sensor RPA recruits Bre1, the ubiquitin E3 ligase for H2Bub, to replication forks or DNA breaks to stimulate local H2Bub. We show that RPA-mediated Bre1 recruitment is essential to promote DNA replication and repair by homologous recombination while suppressing mutations and genome instability. Thus, we reveal that RPA couples H2Bub to DNA replication and repair and controls the spatial–temporal distribution of H2Bub on chromatin.
Cylindrical spikes
Authors: Moughal M Z A , Lim W C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Geroch/Stephani transformation is a solution-generating transformation, and may generate spiky solutions. The spikes in solutions generated so far are either early-time permanent spikes or transient spikes. We want to generate a solution with a late-time permanent spike. We achieve this by applying Stephani’s transformation with the rotational Killing vector field (KVF) of the locally rotationally symmetric Jacobs solution. The late-time permanent spike occurs along the cylindrical axis. Using a mixed KVF, the generated solution also features a rich variety of transient structures. We introduce a new technique to analyse these structures. Our findings lead us to discover a transient behaviour, which we call the overshoot transition. These discoveries compel us to revise the description of transient spikes.
Deformations of GR, geometrodynamics and reality conditions
Authors: Krasnov Kirill , Mitsou Ermis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In four dimensions complexified general relativity (GR) can be non-trivially deformed: there exists an (infinite-parameter) set of modifications all having the same count of degrees of freedom. It is trivial to impose reality conditions that give versions of the deformed theories corresponding to Riemannian and split metric signatures. We revisit the Lorentzian signature case. To make the problem tractable, we restrict our attention to a four-parameter set of deformations that are natural extensions of Ashtekar’s Hamiltonian formalism for GR. The Hamiltonian of the later is a linear combination of EEE and EEB. We consider theories for which the Hamiltonian constraint is a general linear combination of EEE, EEB, EBB and BBB. Our main result is the computation of the evolution equations for the modified theories as geometrodynamics evolution equations for the three-metric. We show that only for GR (and the related theory of self-dual gravity) these equations close in the sense that they can be written in terms of only the metric and its first time derivative. Modified theories are therefore seen to be essentially non-metric in the sense that their dynamics cannot be reduced to geometrodynamics. We then show this to be related to the problem with Lorentzian reality conditions: the conditions of reality of the three-metric and its time derivative are not acceptable because they are not preserved by the dynamics. Put differently, their conservation implies extra reality conditions on higher-order time derivatives, which then leaves no room for degrees of freedom.
End benches scattered light modelling and subtraction in advanced Virgo
Authors: Wąs M , Gouaty R , Bonnand R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Advanced Virgo end benches were a significant source of scattered light noise during the third observing run that lasted from April 1 2019 until March 27 2020. We describe how that noise could be subtracted using auxiliary channels during the online strain data reconstruction. We model in detail the scattered light noise coupling and demonstrate that further noise subtraction can be achieved. We also show that the fitted model parameters can be used to optically characterized the interferometer and in particular provide a novel way of establishing an absolute calibration of the detector strain data.
Oblique bounce of a double sphere on a horizontal surface
Authors: Cross Rod 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The normal coefficient of restitution (COR) for a sphere that bounces obliquely or at right angles on a horizontal surface usually has an approximately constant value between 0 and 1, which are the limits for a completely inelastic or a perfectly elastic collision respectively. Different results are obtained for the bounce of a non-spherical object. Measurements are presented for a double sphere consisting of two golf balls joined together, incident obliquely on a smooth horizontal surface. The COR varied from 0.15 to 1.0 depending on the alignment of the two balls and the incident spin. The results are explained in terms of a simple bounce model where the lower ball slides on the horizontal surface, and in terms of three different values of the COR defined in terms of (a) the bounce height, (b) the vertical speed of the contact point and (c) the ratio of the final to the initial kinetic energy.
Elastic scattering and electronic excitation in positron interactions with neon
Authors: Cheong Z , Babij T J , Anthouard B , Machachek J R , McEachran R P , Sullivan J P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report measurements of low energy positron scattering from neon, with the first measurements of absolute differential cross sections (DCSs) and of state-selective electronic excitation. These measurements are compared to calculations using the relativistic optical potential (ROP) technique, as well as other recently published theoretical calculations. At the lowest energies, experimental DCS data are fitted to extract scattering phase shifts, which can be compared to theoretical values and also used to generate DCS values over the full angular range. For the most part we find good accord in the two descriptions of the scattering processes, with some key disagreements. An analysis of possible sources of systematic error has also been presented, in light of the discrepancies.
Toward the perfect membrane material for environmental x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Leidinger Paul , Kraus Jürgen , Kratky Tim , Zeller Patrick , Menteş Tevfik Onur , Genuzio Francesca , Locatelli Andrea , Günther Sebastian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We outline our achievements in developing electron transparent, leak-tight membranes required for environmental photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). We discuss the mechanical constraints limiting the achievable membrane size and review the development of growth protocols for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of single-crystalline graphene on highly (111) textured Cu foils serving as membrane material. During CVD growth, Cu tends to develop a mesoscopic staircase morphology consisting of alternating inclined surface planes, irrespective of whether the covering graphene film or the substrate are single-crystalline. This morphology remains imprinted even when converting the film into freestanding graphene, which affects its mechanical properties. Determining the number of carbon layers in freestanding graphene, we show that membranes reported to suspend over distances larger than 20 µm most likely consist of few-layer graphene. The Raman band signature often used to confirm monolayer graphene rather relates to graphene with turbostratic stacking. The vertical corrugation of freestanding graphene was shown to be almost absent for tri- and four-layer-thick graphene but substantial for bilayer and especially for monolayer graphene. The corrugation is reduced when mechanically straining the freestanding graphene through thermal expansion of the supporting frame, especially flattening membrane areas with imprinted staircase morphology. The electron signal attenuation through supported and freestanding graphene was determined as a function of the electron kinetic energy, verifying that large-area graphene-based electron windows have sufficient electron transparency required for environmental PES. Meanwhile, we managed to cover 100 µm-sized single holes by few-layer graphene up to a coverage fraction of over 99.9998%, as deduced when applying 10 mbar air on one side of the sealing membrane without detecting any measurable pressure increase on its ultrahigh vacuum side. The reported achievements will pave the way toward the development of laboratory-based environmental PES.
Practical comparisons of EIT excitation protocols with applications in high-contrast imaging
Authors: Dang Chunhui , Bellis Cédric , Darnajou Mathieu , Ricciardi Guillaume , Mylvaganam Saba , Bourennane Salah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the field of electrical impedance tomography (EIT), numerous studies have aimed at the optimal excitation/measurement strategies for improving conductivity distribution imaging, particularly in the applications involving highly contrasted materials. These studies focus on the conditions to be imposed on the currents fed into the electrodes and on their measurement counterparts, while making use of various quantitative optimal criteria. While most EIT systems rely on a sequential excitation at neighboring electrodes with measurements at the remaining ones, some alternative excitation strategies, or protocols, have also proven to be effective and easy to implement using modern hardware. In this context, the present study aims at confronting some of the predominant EIT excitation protocols on a practical system that is dedicated to the imaging of media with highly contrasted material components, i.e. with large variations of the conductivity field. More specifically, the so-called adjacent, opposite, full-scan and trigonometric excitation strategies are considered here and assessed on a number of criteria, which are: complexity of a practical implementation, number of independent measurements, amplitude of the measured responses, sensitivity distribution and quality of the final reconstructed images. For each of these excitation protocols, numerical simulations and static experiments with test objects placed in the EIT sensor considered are carried out using various conductivity profiles, while reconstructed images are evaluated both qualitatively and qualitatively. Our results highlight the preeminence of the full-scan and trigonometric strategies, which are characterized by high response signals and satisfying overall sensitivities. Moreover, for the studied configurations in both numerical simulations and static experiments, the full scan and trigonometric strategies lead to improved contrasts in the reconstructed images of the phases distribution.
Tuning electrical and interfacial thermal properties of bilayer MoS2 via electrochemical intercalation
Authors: Xiong Feng , Yalon Eilam , McClellan Connor J , Zhang Jinsong , Aslan Burak , Sood Aditya , Sun Jie , Andolina Christopher M , Saidi Wissam A , Goodson Kenneth E , Heinz Tony F , Cui Yi , Pop Eric 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Layered two-dimensional (2D) materials such as MoS2 have attracted much attention for nano- and opto-electronics. Recently, intercalation (e.g. of ions, atoms, or molecules) has emerged as an effective technique to modulate material properties of such layered 2D films reversibly. We probe both the electrical and thermal properties of Li-intercalated bilayer MoS2 nanosheets by combining electrical measurements and Raman spectroscopy. We demonstrate reversible modulation of carrier density over more than two orders of magnitude (from 0.8 × 1012 to 1.5 × 1014 cm−2), and we simultaneously obtain the thermal boundary conductance between the bilayer and its supporting SiO2 substrate for an intercalated system for the first time. This thermal coupling can be reversibly modulated by nearly a factor of eight, from 14 ± 4.0 MW m−2 K−1 before intercalation to 1.8 ± 0.9 MW m−2 K−1 when the MoS2 is fully lithiated. These results reveal electrochemical intercalation as a reversible tool to modulate and control both electrical and thermal properties of 2D layers.
Prior-image-based CT reconstruction using attenuation-mismatched priors
Authors: Zhang Hao , Capaldi Dante , Zeng Dong , Ma Jianhua , Xing Lei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Prior-image-based reconstruction (PIBR) methods are powerful tools for reducing radiation doses and improving the image quality of low-dose computed tomography (CT). Apart from anatomical changes, prior and current images can also have different attenuations because they originated from different scanners or from the same scanner but with different x-ray beam qualities (e.g., kVp settings, beam filters) during data acquisition. In such scenarios, with attenuation-mismatched priors, PIBR is challenging. In this work, we investigate a specific PIBR method, called statistical image reconstruction, using normal-dose image-induced nonlocal means regularization (SIR-ndiNLM), to address PIBR with such attenuation-mismatched priors and achieve quantitative low-dose CT imaging. We propose two corrective schemes for the original SIR-ndiNLM method, (1) a global histogram-matching approach and (2) a local attenuation correction approach, to account for the attenuation differences between the prior and current images in PIBR. We validate the efficacy of the proposed schemes using images acquired from dual-energy CT scanners to simulate attenuation mismatches. Meanwhile, we utilize different CT slices to simulate anatomical mismatches or changes between the prior and the current low-dose image. We observe that the original SIR-ndiNLM introduces artifacts to the reconstruction when an attenuation-mismatched prior is used. Furthermore, we find that a larger attenuation mismatch between the prior and current images results in more severe artifacts in the SIR-ndiNLM reconstruction. Our two proposed corrective schemes enable SIR-ndiNLM to effectively handle the attenuation mismatch and anatomical changes between the two images and successfully eliminate the artifacts. We demonstrate that the proposed techniques permit SIR-ndiNLM to leverage the attenuation-mismatched prior and achieve quantitative low-dose CT reconstruction from both low-flux and sparse-view data acquisitions. This work permits robust and reliable PIBR for CT data acquired using different beam settings.
Influence of secondary electron emission on plasma-surface interactions in the low earth orbit environment
Authors: Nuwal Nakul , Levin Deborah A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The low earth orbit plasma experienced by exposed interconnect-dielectric junctions commonly found on spacecraft solar panel surfaces was modeled using a fully kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation of both ambient ions and electrons. From time-accurate simulations we observed that the plasma sheath had a formation time somewhere between the ion and electron time scales of 17 μs and 30 ps, respectively and electron and ion velocity distribution functions were observed to be highly non-Maxwellian. Comparison of the electron plasma sheath thickness with analytic cylindrical sheath models gave reasonable agreement if the embedded biased interconnect voltage was sufficiently high to cause the dielectric surface to act as a free electron flowing medium. Finally, it was found from the fully kinetic PIC simulations that the fundamental mechanism behind parasitic current is closely related to electron avalanche and the fraction of SEE emitted from different avalanche levels as well as the current collected at the interconnect could be modeled by a power law series for avalanche levels greater than two.
Magnetic background field-tolerant SQIF-based current sensors
Authors: Schmelz M , Hopf M , Zakosarenko V , Schönau T , Chwala A , Anders S , Kunert J , Stolz R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report on the development of magnetic background field-tolerant superconducting quantum interference filter (SQIF) based on low-capacitance sub-micrometer sized cross-type Josephson junctions either as current sensing amplifiers—even on chip—for advanced superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) readout circuits or as magnetic field sensor in flux transformer configuration especially for geophysical measurement systems. Their very small parasitic magnetic sensitive areas enable them to operate in the Earth magnetic field and allow for magnetically unshielded cool-down. The careful consideration of magnetic sensitive areas inside each SQUID in the SQIF in all three dimensions result in developed SQIFs with 28 SQUIDs in series exhibiting large voltage swing and transfer function of more than 2 mV and

500

V

A

−
1

, respectively. We report on the electrical parameters and field stability as well as on the noise performance of the devices under investigation. SQIFs and devices with additional on-chip flux-transformers show input referred current noise levels of

5.9

and

1.1

pA

H

z

−
1

/

2

, respectively. We furthermore demonstrate their potential as SQIF-based magnetometers using them in addition with thin-film pickup loops resulting in a white magnetic field noise of

1.6

f

T

H

z

−
1

/

2

. The implemented SQIFs are thus highly compatible with state-of-the-art single SQUID-devices offering beneficial features such as a unique working point, making them excellent suited for implementation of e.g. geophysical instruments.