bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competing risk nomogram predicting cancer‐specific mortality for endometrial cancer patients treated with hysterectomy
Authors: Xie Guilan , Qi Cuifang , Yang Wenfang , Wang Ruiqi , Yang Liren , Shang Li , Huang Liyan , Chung Mei Chun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of endometrial cancer has tended to increase in recent years. However, competing risk nomogram combining comprehensive factors for endometrial cancer patients treated with hysterectomy is still scarce. Therefore, we aimed to build a competing risk nomogram predicting cancer‐specific mortality for endometrial cancer patients treated with hysterectomy.MethodsPatients diagnosed with endometrial cancer between 2010 and 2012 were abstracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Competing risk model was performed to select prognostic variables to build the competing risk nomogram to predict the cumulative 3‐ and 5‐year incidences of endometrial cancer‐specific mortality. Harrell's C‐index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and calibration plot were used in the internal validation. And decision curve analysis was applied to evaluate clinical utility.ResultsA total of 10,447 patients were selected for analysis. The competing risk nomogram identified eight prognostic variables, including age at diagnosis, race, marital status at diagnosis, grade, histology, tumor size, FIGO stage, and number of regional nodes positive. The C‐index of the competing risk nomogram was 0.857 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.854–0.859), and the calibration plots were adequately fitted. When the threshold probabilities were between 1% and 57% for 3‐year prediction and between 2% and 67% for 5‐year prediction, the competing risk nomogram was of good clinical utility.ConclusionsA competing risk nomogram for endometrial cancer patients treated with hysterectomy was successfully built and internally validated. It was an accurately predicted and clinical useful tool, which could play an important role in consulting and health care management of endometrial cancer patients.
Variation of Essential Oil Content and Composition, Phenolics, and Yield Related Traits Using Different Pollination Systems in Populations of Thymus Species
Authors: Khanahmadi Faranak , Rahimmalek Mehdi , Sabzalian Mohammad R. , Tohidi Behnaz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe production of self‐pollinated plants could be important for improving medicinal plants secondary metabolites. In this study, 11 Thymus populations from eight species were evaluated to determine the effect of self and open pollination on agro‐morphological characteristics, total phenolic content (TPC), essential oil (EO) content, and EO components. Inbreeding led to some positive effects of above mentioned traits in most of the studied populations. Total phenolic content ranged from 7.07 to 52.69 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE) g−1 dry weight (DW) in open pollinated derived populations, while it varied from 1.2 to 55.03 mg TAE g−1 DW in self‐pollinated ones. Under open and self‐pollination condition, the highest EO content was obtained in T. trautvetteri (3.37 %) and T. pubescens (1.96 %), respectively. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS) identified 42 compounds including thymol, carvacrol, linalool, p‐cymene, γ‐terpinene, terpinen‐4‐ol, and α‐terpineol as the main compounds. In most cases, selfed plants compared to open pollinated ones, revealed higher thymol content. T. daenensis‐1 showed a significant increase in thymol content (from 25.22 % to 74.3 %) due to self‐pollination. Moreover, self‐pollination led to emergence of some new compounds. Carvacrol methyl ether was the constituents of Thymus EO that are being reported in self‐pollinated populations. Finally, inbreeding in Thymus might be suggested as a useful tool to increase genetic homogeneity for the selection of superior plants for improving secondary metabolite.
Single‐Molecule FRET of Membrane Transport Proteins
Authors: Bartels Kim , Lasitza‐Male Tanya , Hofmann Hagen , Löw Christian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUncovering the structure and function of biomolecules is a fundamental goal in structural biology. Membrane‐embedded transport proteins are ubiquitous in all kingdoms of life. Despite structural flexibility, their mechanisms are typically studied by ensemble biochemical methods or by static high‐resolution structures, which complicate a detailed understanding of their dynamics. Here, we review the recent progress of single molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET) in determining mechanisms and timescales of substrate transport across membranes. These studies do not only demonstrate the versatility and suitability of state‐of‐the‐art smFRET tools for studying membrane transport proteins but they also highlight the importance of membrane mimicking environments in preserving the function of these proteins. The current achievements advance our understanding of transport mechanisms and have the potential to facilitate future progress in drug design.
Mini‐patient‐derived xenograft assay based on microfluidic technology promises to be an effective tool for screening individualized chemotherapy regimens for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Xue , Sun Yile , Xu Yunhua , Wen Danyi , An Na , Leng Xuejiao , Fu Guolong , Lu Shun , Chen Zhiwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPatient‐derived xenograft (PDX) assay has been widely used in preclinical research in patients with multidrug‐resistant lung cancer. One hundred patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were divided into MiniPDX group and conventional group, with 50 cases in each group. The MiniPDX assay was established by enriching high‐purity tumor cells using microfluidic technology to detect the drug sensitivity of NSCLC cells. All patients underwent conventional computed tomography (CT) scans of lung and mediastinum at baseline and during follow‐up. Kaplan–Meier method was used to compare the overall survival and progression‐free survival of two groups. The sensitivity of the same drug in different tumor xenograft varied greatly. The overall survival, progression‐free survival, and clinical benefit rate of patients in the MiniPDX‐guided chemotherapy group were significantly longer than those in the conventional chemotherapy group. MiniPDX assay may be an effective tool for screening chemotherapy regimens in NSCLC patients.
Novel reaction to new cystic fibrosis medication Trikafta
Authors: Stashower Julian , Carr Patrick , Miller Virginia , Zlotoff Barrett 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present a novel case of an urticaria multiforme‐type drug reaction to the new cystic fibrosis medication Trikafta (elexacaftor + tezacaftor + ivacaftor). Equipped with this information, clinicians may be more prepared to counsel and treat patients if they experience similar symptoms after beginning Trikafta.
Elucidating electrochemical intercalation mechanisms of biomass‐derived hard carbon in sodium‐/potassium‐ion batteries
Authors: Zhu Ziyi , Zhong Wentao , Zhang Yanjia , Dong Peng , Sun Shigang , Zhang Yingjie , Li Xue 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHard carbon materials are characterized by having rich resources, simple processing technology, and low cost, and they are promising as one of the anode electrodes for commercial applications of sodium‐/potassium‐ion batteries. Simultaneously, exploring the alkali metal ion storage mechanism is particularly important for designing high‐performance electrode materials. However, the structure of hard carbon is more complex, and the description of energy storage behavior is quite controversial. In this study, the Magnolia grandiflora Lima leaf is used as a precursor, combined with simple pyrolysis and impurity removal processes, to obtain biomass‐derived hard carbon material (carbonized Magnolia grandiflora Lima leaf [CMGL]). When it is used as an anode for sodium‐ion batteries, it exhibits a high specific capacity of 315 mAh/g, and the capacity retention rate is 90.0% after 100 cycles. For potassium‐ion batteries, the charge specific capacity is 263.5 mAh/g, with a capacity retention rate of 85.5% at the same cycling. Furthermore, different electrochemical analysis methods and microstructure characterization techniques were used to further elucidate the sodium/potassium storage mechanism of the material. All the results indicate that the high potential slope region represents the adsorption/desorption characteristics on the surface active sites, whereas the low‐potential quasiplateau region belongs to the ion insertion/extraction in the graphitic microcrystallites interlayer. It is noteworthy that potassium ion is randomly intercalated between the graphitic microcrystallite layer without forming a segmented intercalation compound structure.
Electrochemical Dehydrogenative C(sp2)−H Amination
Authors: Puthanveedu Mahesh , Khamraev Vladislav , Brieger Lukas , Strohmann Carsten , Antonchick Andrey P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA transition‐metal‐free direct electrolytic C−H amination involving an electrochemically generated nitrenium ion intermediate has been developed. The electrosynthesis takes place in the absence of any organoiodine catalysts and is enabled by an in situ generated electrolyte. A novel, efficient intramolecular and intermolecular C−H amination has been demonstrated using a simple reaction setup.
Repurposing Anticancer Drugs To Tackle Malaria
Authors: Le Govic Yohann , Houzé Sandrine , Papon Nicolas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite considerable efforts, malaria remains one of the most devastating infectious disease worldwide. In the absence of an effective vaccine, the prophylaxis and management of Plasmodium infections still rely on the therapeutic use of antimalarial agents. However, the emergence of resistant parasites has jeopardized the efficiency of virtually all antimalarial drugs, including artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs). Thus, there is an urgent need for innovative treatments with novel targets to avoid or overcome drug resistance. In this context, Huang & colleagues prioritized compounds that can block the activity of epigenetic enzymes, and described the discovery of a selective P. falciparum histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with high activity against various stages of the parasite. These findings may pave the way toward developing new lead compounds with broad‐spectrum activity, thus facilitating malaria treatment and elimination.
Photoinduced Force Microscopy as an Efficient Method Towards the Detection of Nanoplastics
Authors: C. ten Have Iris , Duijndam Adriaan J. A. , Oord Ramon , van Berlo‐van den Broek Hannie J. M. , Vollmer Ina , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Meirer Florian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe degradation of plastic waste in aquatic environments, leading to plastic particles at the micro‐ and nanoscale is of growing concern. However, conventional analytical techniques either lack sufficient spatial resolution or the necessary spectroscopic means to investigate individual plastic nanoparticles. Both are however necessary to understand how macro‐ and micro‐sized plastic particles break down into nanometer‐sized particles. Here we show that a hybrid analytical technique, combining the spatial resolution of atomic force microscopy (AFM) with the chemical information from infrared (IR) spectroscopy, meets these requirements. We studied nanometer‐sized particles of polystyrene (PS), a plastic that is extensively used worldwide. We demonstrate that we can detect and quantify these so‐called nanoplastics down to 20 nm in size and discuss their physicochemical properties. We show that in saline aqueous environments, in the absence of light, oxidative degradation and chain scission are the main mechanisms to form and degrade PS micro‐ and nanoplastics.
Phase 1 trial of nelfinavir added to standard cisplatin chemotherapy with concurrent pelvic radiation for locally advanced cervical cancer
Authors: Garcia‐Soto Arlene E. , McKenzie Nathalie D. , Whicker Margaret E. , Pearson Joseph M. , Jimenez Edward A. , Portelance Lorraine , Hu Jennifer J. , Lucci Joseph A. , Qureshi Rehman , Kossenkov Andrew , Schwartz Lauren , Mills Gordon B. , Maity Amit , Lin Lilie L. , Simpkins Fiona 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundNelfinavir (NFV), an HIV‐1 protease inhibitor, has been shown to sensitize cancer cells to chemoradiation (CRT). The objectives of this phase 1 trial were to evaluate safety and identify the recommended phase 2 dose of NFV added to concurrent CRT for locally advanced cervical cancer.MethodsTwo dose levels of NFV were evaluated: 875 mg orally twice daily (dose level 1 [DL1]) and 1250 mg twice daily (DL2). NFV was initiated 7 days before CRT and continued through CRT completion. Toxicity, radiographic responses, and pathologic responses were evaluated. Serial tumor biopsies (baseline, after NFV monotherapy, on NFV + CRT, and posttreatment) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, NanoString, and reverse‐phase‐protein‐array analyses.ResultsNFV sensitized cervical cancer cells to radiation, increasing apoptosis and tumor suppression in vivo. Patients (n = 13) with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIA through IVA squamous cell cervical carcinoma were enrolled, including 7 patients at DL1 and 6 patients at DL2. At DL1, expansion to 6 patients was required after a patient developed a dose‐limiting toxicity, whereas no dose‐limiting toxicities occurred at DL2. Therefore, DL2 was established as the recommended phase 2 dose. All patients at DL2 completed CRT, and 1 of 6 experienced grade 3 or 4 anemia, nausea, and diarrhea. One recurrence was noted at DL2, with disease outside the radiation field. Ten of 11 evaluable patients remained without evidence of disease at a median follow‐up of 50 months. NFV significantly decreased phosphorylated Akt levels in tumors. Cell cycle and cancer pathways also were reduced by NFV and CRT.ConclusionsNFV with CRT is well tolerated. The response rate is promising compared with historic controls in this patient population and warrants further investigation.
Consumption of sugar‐sweetened and artificially sweetened beverages and breast cancer survival
Authors: Farvid Maryam S. , Spence Nicholas D. , Rosner Bernard A. , Chen Wendy Y. , Eliassen A. Heather , Willett Walter C. , Holmes Michelle D. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe activation of insulin pathways is hypothesized to promote tumor growth and worsen breast cancer survival. Sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) can lead to a higher risk of insulin resistance and may affect survival. The authors prospectively evaluated the relation of postdiagnostic SSB and artificially sweetened beverage (ASB) consumption with mortality among women with breast cancer.MethodsIn total, 8863 women with stage I through III breast cancer were identified during follow‐up of the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1980‐2010) and Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII; 1991‐2011). Women completed a validated food frequency questionnaire every 4 years after diagnosis and were followed until death or the end of follow‐up (2014 for the NHS and 2015 for the NHSII). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of breast cancer‐specific and all‐cause mortality after adjusting for measures of adiposity and other potential predictors of cancer survival.ResultsWith a median follow‐up of 11.5 years, 2482 deaths were prospectively documented, including 1050 deaths from breast cancer. Compared with women who had no consumption, women who had SSB consumption after diagnosis had higher breast cancer‐specific mortality (>1 to 3 servings per week: HR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.09‐1.58]; >3 servings per week: HR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.12‐1.62]; Ptrend = .001) and all‐cause mortality (>1 to 3 servings per week: HR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.07‐1.37]; >3 servings per week: HR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.13‐1.45]; Ptrend = .0001). In contrast, ASB consumption was not associated with higher breast cancer‐specific or all‐cause mortality. Furthermore, replacing 1 serving per day of SSB consumption with 1 serving per day of ASB consumption was not associated with a lower risk of mortality.ConclusionsHigher postdiagnostic SSB consumption among breast cancer survivors was associated with higher breast cancer‐specific mortality and death from all causes.
Illumination estimation challenge: The experience of the first 2 years
Authors: Ershov Egor , Savchik Alex , Semenkov Ilya , Banić Nikola , Koščević Karlo , Subašić Marko , Belokopytov Alexander , Terekhin Arseniy , Senshina Daria , Nikonorov Artem , Li Zhihao , Qian Yanlin , Buzzelli Marco , Riva Riccardo , Bianco Simone , Schettini Raimondo , Barron Jonathan T. , Lončarić Sven , Nikolaev Dmitry 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIllumination estimation is the essential step of computational color constancy, one of the core parts of various image processing pipelines of modern digital cameras. Having an accurate and reliable illumination estimation is important for reducing the illumination influence on the image colors. To motivate the generation of new ideas and the development of new algorithms in this field, two challenges on illumination estimation were conducted. The main advantage of testing a method on a challenge over testing it on some of the known datasets is the fact that the ground‐truth illuminations for the challenge test images are unknown up until the results have been submitted, which prevents any potential hyperparameter tuning that may be biased. The First illumination estimation challenge (IEC#1) had only a single task, global illumination estimation. The second illumination estimation challenge (IEC#2) was enriched with two additional tracks that encompassed indoor and two‐illuminant illumination estimation. Other main features of it are a new large dataset of images (about 5000) taken with the same camera sensor model, a manual markup accompanying each image, diverse content with scenes taken in numerous countries under a huge variety of illuminations extracted by using the SpyderCube calibration object, and a contest‐like markup for the images from the Cube++ dataset. This article focuses on the description of the past two challenges, algorithms which won in each track, and the conclusions that were drawn based on the results obtained during the first and second challenge that can be useful for similar future developments.
Hyperpolarization of cis‐15N2‐Azobenzene by Parahydrogen at Ultralow Magnetic Fields**
Authors: Sheberstov Kirill F. , Kozinenko Vitaly P. , Kiryutin Alexey S. , Vieth Hans‐Martin , Zimmermann Herbert , Ivanov Konstantin L. , Yurkovskaya Alexandra V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe development of nuclear spins hyperpolarization, and the search for molecules that can be efficiently hyperpolarized is an active area in nuclear magnetic resonance. In this work we present a detailed study of SABRE SHEATH (signal amplification by reversible exchange in shield enabled alignment transfer to heteronuclei) experiments on 15N2‐azobenzene. In SABRE SHEATH experiments the nuclear spins of the target are hyperpolarized through transfer of spin polarization from parahydrogen at ultralow fields during a reversible chemical process. Azobenzene exists in two isomers, trans and cis. We show that all nuclear spins in cis‐azobenzene can be efficiently hyperpolarized by SABRE at suitable magnetic fields. Enhancement factors (relative to 9.4 T) reach up to 3000 for 15N spins and up to 30 for the 1H spins. We compare two approaches to observe either hyperpolarized magnetization of 15N/1H spins, or hyperpolarized singlet order of the 15N spin pair. The results presented here will be useful for further experiments in which hyperpolarized cis‐15N2‐azobenzene is switched by light to trans‐15N2‐azobenzene for storing the produced hyperpolarization in the long‐lived spin state of the 15N pair of trans‐15N2‐azobenzene.
Impedance Response of a Thin Film on an Electrode: Deciphering the Influence of the Double Layer Capacitance
Authors: Gharbi Oumaïma , Tran Mai T. T. , Orazem Mark E. , Tribollet Bernard , Turmine Mireille , Vivier Vincent 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe different contributions of the interfacial capacitance are identified in the case of passive materials or thin protective coatings deposited on the electrode surface. The method is based on a graphical analysis of the EIS results to determine both the passive‐film capacitance in the high‐frequency domain and the double‐layer capacitance in the low‐frequency domain. The proposed analysis is shown to be independent of the physicochemical origins of the frequency dispersion of the interfacial capacitances which results, from an analysis point of view of the experimental results, in the use of a constant‐phase element However, for a correct evaluation of the thin‐film properties such as its thickness, the high‐frequency data must be corrected for the double‐layer contribution. In particular, it is shown that if the double‐layer capacitance gives a frequency‐dispersed response, it is necessary to correct the high‐frequency part for the double‐layer constant‐phase elements. This is first demonstrated on synthetic data and then used for the determination of the thickness of thin oxide film formed on Al in neutral pH solution.
Establishing Halogen‐Bond Preferences in Molecules with Multiple Acceptor Sites
Authors: Abeysekera Amila M. , Averkiev Boris B. , Sinha Abhijeet S. , Le Magueres Pierre , Aakeröy Christer B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe interplay between hydrogen bonds (HBs) and halogen bonds (XBs), has been addressed by co‐crystallizing two halogen bond donors, 1,4‐diiodotetrafluorbenzene(DITFB) and 1,3,5‐trifluoro‐2,4,6‐triiodobenzene(TITFB) with four series of targets; N‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)benzamide (Bz‐X), N‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)picolinamides (2Pyr‐X), N‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)nicotinamides (3Pyr‐X), N‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)isonicotinamides (4Pyr‐X); X=H/Cl/Br/I. The structural outcomes were compared with interactions in the targets themselves. 13 co‐crystals were analysed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD). In all three co‐crystals from the 2Pyr series, the intramolecular HB remained intact while the XB donors engaged with the N(pyr) or O=C sites. In the ten co‐crystals from the other three series, the intermolecular HBs present in the individual targets were disrupted in 9/10 cases. Overall, the acceptor sites selected by the halogen‐bond donors in these targets were distributed as follows; N(pyr)=81 %, O=C (15 %) or π (4 %).
Moral injury, mental health and behavioural health outcomes: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Hall Nicole A. , Everson Adam T. , Billingsley Madison R. , Miller Mary Beth 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite a burgeoning of research on moral injury in the past decade, existing reviews have not explored the breadth of consequences and the multitude of pathways through which moral injury and potentially morally injurious experiences (PMIEs) influence mental and behavioural health outcomes. This study aimed to identify associations between moral injury on mental and behavioural health. Literature searches of psychological and medical databases were conducted through April 2020. Eligible studies measured moral injury or PMIEs, and health outcomes (e.g., depression, substance use and suicidality). Fifty‐seven publications representing 49 separate samples were included. Studies examined the impact of moral injury on post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (n = 43); depression (n = 32); anxiety (n = 15); suicide (n = 15); substance use (n = 14); and ‘other’ health outcomes, including pain, burnout, sleep disturbance and treatment‐seeking behaviours (n = 11). The majority of studies found significant positive associations between moral injury‐related constructs, mental health and behavioural health outcomes; however, the majority were also cross‐sectional and focused on military samples. Proposed mediators included lack of social support, negative cognitions and meaning‐making. Moderators included self‐compassion, pre‐deployment mental health education and mindfulness. Moral injury is associated with a variety of negative health outcomes. Research is needed to determine the mechanisms by which moral injury may influence these outcomes over time.