bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Early Phonetic Differentiation Predict Later Phonetic Development? Evidence From a Longitudinal Study of /ɹ/ Development in Preschool Children
Authors: Munson Benjamin , Logerquist Mara K. , Kim Hyuna , Martell Alisha , Edwards Jan 
Published: June 2021

PurposeWe evaluated whether children whose inaccurate /ɹ/ productions showed evidence phonetic differentiation with /w/ at 3.5–4.5 years of age improved in /ɹ/ production over the next year more than children whose inaccurate productions did not show evidence of such differentiation. We also examined whether speech perception, inhibitory control, and vocabulary size predicted growth in /ɹ/.MethodA set of typically developing, monolingual English-speaking preschool children (n= 136) produced tokens of /ɹ/− and /w/−initial words at two time points (TPs), at which they were 39–52 and 51–65 months old. Children's productions of /ɹ/ and /w/ were narrowly phonetically transcribed. Children's productions at the earlier time point were rated by naïve listeners using a visual analog scale measure of phoneme goodness; these ratings were used to assess the degree of phonetic differentiation between /ɹ/ and /w/.ResultsAccuracy for both phonemes varied considerably at both TPs. The growth in accuracy of /ɹ/ between the two TPs was not predicted by any individual-differences measures, nor by the degree of differentiation between /ɹ/ and /w/at the earlier time point.ConclusionLow vocabulary size, low inhibitory control, poor speech perception, and the absence of early phonetic differentiation are not necessarily limiting factors in predicting /ɹ/ growth in individual children in the age range we studied.
Upgrading wave energy test sites by including overplanting: a techno‐economic analysis
Authors: Blavette Anne , Bonnard Charles‐Henri , Daminov Ildar , Bourguet Salvy , Soulard Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDynamic rating is an approach which implies to operate an electrical network closer to its thermal limits. This approach may be very beneficial for wave farms, as they are expected to present a highly fluctuating electrical current profile while benefiting from the large thermal inertia of the soil where their export cable will be buried. However, as the implementation of this approach is still in its infancy for offshore wind farms, it may be expected that the first wave farms, under the form of small‐scale test sites, will be sized with respect to electrical current limits at a first stage. This sizing may be upgraded at a second stage when design methods will have included dynamic rating. However, this raises the question of the economic feasibility of this two‐step approach, which is studied in this paper. Also, performing such a techno‐economic analysis requires developing an electrothermal model of the export cable able to represent its transient response in a sufficiently precise manner while requiring also a reasonable computing time. In this perspective, a comparative analysis between several electrothermal modelling methods is also described in this paper.
Ammonia snow lines and ammonium salts desorption
Authors: Kruczkiewicz F. , Vitorino J. , Congiu E. , Theulé P. , Dulieu F. 
Published: June 2021

Context. The nitrogen reservoir in planetary systems is a long-standing problem. Some of the N-bearing molecules are probably incorporated into the ice bulk during the cold phases of the stellar evolution, and may be gradually released into the gas phase when the ice is heated, for example in active comets. The chemical nature of the N-reservoir should greatly influence how, when, and in what form N returns to the gas phase, or is incorporated into the refractory material forming planetary bodies.
Aims. We present the study of the thermal desorption of two ammonium salts, ammonium formate and ammonium acetate, from a gold surface and from a water ice substrate.
Methods. Temperature-programmed desorption experiments and Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy were conducted to investigate the desorption behavior of ammonium salts.
Results. Ammonium salts are semi-volatile species releasing neutral species as major components upon desorption, namely ammonia and the corresponding organic acid (HCOOH and CH3COOH), at temperatures higher than the temperature of thermal desorption of water ice. Their desorption follows a first-order Wigner-Polanyi law. We find the first-order kinetic parameters A = 7.7 ± 0.6 × 1015 s−1 and Ebind = 68.9 ± 0.1 kJ mol−1 for ammonium formate and A = 3.0 ± 0.4 × 1020 s−1 and Ebind = 83.0 ± 0.2 kJ mol−1 for ammonium acetate. The presence of a water ice substrate does not influence the desorption kinetics. Ammonia molecules locked in salts desorb as neutral molecules at temperatures much higher than previously expected, and that are usually attributed to refractory materials.
Conclusions. The ammonia snow line has a smaller radius than the water snow line. As a result, the NH3/H2O ratio content in Solar System bodies can be a hint to where they formed and subsequently migrated.
Rotation periods for cool stars in the open cluster NGC 3532
Authors: Fritzewski D. J. , Barnes S. A. , James D. J. , Strassmeier K. G. 
Published: June 2021

Context. A very rich cluster intermediate in age between the Pleiades (150 Myr) and the Hyades (600 Myr) is needed to probe the rotational evolution, especially the transition between fast and slow rotation that occurs between the two ages.
Aims. We study the rich 300 Myr-old open cluster NGC 3532 to probe this important transition and to provide constraints on angular momentum loss. Measuring the rotation periods builds on our prior work of providing spectroscopic membership information for the cluster, and it supports the chromospheric activity measurements of cluster stars that we provide in a companion paper.
Methods. Using 42 d-long photometric time series observations obtained with the Yale 1 m telescope at CTIO, we measured rotation periods for members of NGC 3532 and compared them with the predictions of angular momentum evolution models.
Results. We directly measured 176 photometric rotation periods for the cluster members. An additional 113 photometric rotation periods were identified using activity information, described fully in the companion paper, resulting in a total sample containing 279 rotation periods for FGKM stars in NGC 3532. The colour-period diagram constructed from this rich data set shows a well-populated and structured slow rotator sequence, and a fast rotator sequence evolved beyond zero-age main sequence age whose stars are in transition from fast to slow rotation. The slow rotator sequence itself is split into slightly slower and faster rotators, a feature we trace to photometric binary status. We also identify an extended slow rotator sequence extending to P ∼ 32 d, apparently the analogue of the one we previously identified in NGC 2516. We compare our period distribution to rotational isochrones in colour-period space and find that all considered models have certain shortcomings. Using more detailed spin-down models, we evolve the rotation periods of the younger NGC 2516 forward in time and find that the spindown of the models is too aggressive with respect to the slow rotators. In contrast, stars on the evolved fast rotator sequence are not spun down strongly enough by these models. Our observations suggest a shorter crossing time for the rotational gap, one we estimate to be ∼80 Myr for early-K dwarfs.
Existe-t-il un mode de mastication spécifique aux malocclusions de classe II subdivision ?
Authors: Raymond Jean-Louis , Saive-Noll Marie 
Published: June 2021

Notre étude a consisté à enregistrer le mode de mastication de 26 sujets composant notre échantillon et présentant une malocclusion de classe II subdivision afin de déterminer s’il existait pour ces malocclusions une mastication singulière.
Les résultats montrent que sur les 26 sujets étudiés, 25 sujets exercent une mastication préférentielle du côté de la distoclusion molaire. Il semblerait donc que l’asymétrie morphologique s’accompagne d’une « asymétrie fonctionnelle masticatrice » laquelle pourrait expliquer l’étiopathogénie de ces malocclusions singulières.
Neue Entwicklungen bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 1
Authors: Haberbosch Linus , Spranger Joachim 
Published: June 2021

Was ist neu?
Monitoring Mit der zunehmenden Prävalenz von Continuous-Glucose-Monitoring (CGM) -Systemen gewinnt die Time in Range (TIR) als Parameter zur Optimierung der Blutzuckereinstellung bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 an Bedeutung. Zuletzt erfolgte der Nachweis einer verbesserten Prävention von kardiovaskulären Ereignissen und Schwangerschaftskomplikationen bei Patienten mit optimierter TIR. Zusätzlich zur TIR wird empfohlen, die Time below Range (TBR) zu erheben, um Hypoglykämien als klinisch relevante Ereignisse ebenfalls zu erfassen.
Hypoglykämien Hypoglykämien bleiben eine klinisch relevante Komplikation der Therapie des Diabetes mellitus Typ 1. Mit der Zulassung von nasalem Glukagon besteht nun gegenüber der klassischen Injektion eine Option als einfach anzuwendende Notfalltherapie. Mit der Entwicklung des im flüssigen Zustand stabilen Glukagon-Analogons Dasiglukagon steht potenziell in naher Zukunft darüber hinaus ein klassischer Notfall-Pen mit Fertiglösung zur Verfügung.
Insulintherapie Das neue schnellwirksame Insulin aspart (fast-acting Insulin aspart, FIASP) bietet neue Chancen für die Blutzuckeroptimierung von Typ-1-Diabetespatienten. 2019 wurde darüber hinaus das erste Hybrid-Closed-Loop-System zur Behandlung des Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 in Deutschland zugelassen. Bei diesem System erfolgt eine automatische Anpassung der Basalrate anhand des per CGM gemessenen Blutzuckers. Aufgrund der weiterhin notwendigen Bolusgaben und der Komplexität der Technologie bleibt eine sorgfältige Auswahl und adäquate Schulung der mit einem solchen System therapierten Patienten essenziell. Bei adäquater Anwendung ermöglicht ein Hybrid-Closed-Loop-System eine verbesserte Einstellung insbesondere des nächtlichen Blutzuckers.
Ergänzende Therapien Seit 2019 sind der SGLT-2-Inhibitor Dapagliflozin und der kombinierte SGLT-1/2-Inhibitor Sotagliflozin für die Therapie von unzureichend eingestellten Typ-1-Diabetikern mit einem BMI über 27 kg/m² und ohne Risikokonstellation für diabetische Ketoazidosen zugelassen. Die relevanteste Nebenwirkung ist die atypische normoglykäme Ketoazidose, weshalb eine initiale Risikoeinschätzung sowie eine angemessene Schulung des Patienten zur Durchführung und Interpretation von Ketonkörper- und pH-Messungen unter der Therapie von zentraler Bedeutung sind.
Rheuma und Lunge
Authors: Bastian Hans , Krause Andreas 
Published: June 2021

Was ist neu?
Diagnostik Goldstandard in der Diagnostik einer ILD bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen bleibt weiterhin die hochauflösende, nicht kontrastmittelverstärkte HRCT. Verlässliche Biomarker für CTD-ILDs stehen für den klinischen Alltag noch nicht zur Verfügung. Die klinisch und apparativ erhobenen Befunde lassen fast immer eine belastbare Diagnose stellen. Eine histologische Sicherung ist nur bei unklaren Fällen nötig. Eine interessante diagnostische Option könnte in Zukunft die molekulare Diagnostik von Lungenparenchym sein.
Therapie MTX gilt nicht länger als Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung einer chronischen ILD bzw. einer Lungenfibrose bei RA. Neuere Daten weisen darauf hin, dass MTX die Ausbildung einer ILD bei RA sogar verhindern oder zumindest verzögern kann. In Studien bei Patienten mit SSc zeigten sich Hinweise für einen positiven Einfluss von Tocilizumab auf den Verlauf einer ILD mit Stabilisierung der forcierten Vitalkapazität in der Lungenfunktionsprüfung. Allerdings wurde der primäre Endpunkt der Studien – Verbesserung im modifizierten Rodnan-Skin-Score – nicht erreicht. Nintedanib wurde jüngst zur Behandlung Erwachsener mit SSc-ILD sowie bei Patienten mit chronisch PF-ILD bei unterschiedlichen Grunderkrankungen (u. a. RA) zugelassen.
Rural Aspirations: Reflections for Development Planning, Design and Localized Effects
Authors: Mausch Kai , Harris Dave , Revilla Diez Javier 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this editorial introduction to the Special Issue “Rural aspirations—Livelihood decisions and rural development trajectories”, we outline current views on aspirations and their relevance for development research, projects and approaches. Using several examples from Africa, we outline how the combination of the different theoretical perspectives, case studies and regional backgrounds provides deeper insights about the role of aspirations in shaping rural areas. The distinct entry points of the ‘bottom up’ local aspirations for future lives, the ‘top down’ aspirations as visions for change, and the process of negotiating between these provide novel insights into directions for development action as well as for future research in the field of aspirations in the development arena.
Structural and dynamical heterogeneity of water trapped inside Na+-pumping KR2 rhodopsin in the dark state
Authors: Santra Mantu , Seal Aniruddha , Bhattacharjee Kankana , Chakrabarty Suman 
Published: June 2021

Photoisomerization in the retinal leads to a channel opening in rhodopsins that triggers translocation or pumping of ions/protons. Crystal structures of rhodopsins contain several structurally conserved water molecules. It has been suggested that water plays an active role in facilitating the ion pumping/translocation process by acting as a lubricant in these systems. In this paper, we systematically investigate the localization, structure, dynamics, and energetics of the water molecules along the channel for the resting/dark state of KR2 rhodopsin. By employing several microseconds long atomistic molecular dynamics simulation of this trans-membrane protein system, we demonstrate the presence of five distinct water containing pockets/cavities separated by gateways controlled by protein side-chains. There exists a strong hydrogen bonded network involving these buried water molecules and functionally important key residues. We present evidence of significant structural and dynamical heterogeneity in the water molecules present in these cavities, with very rare exchange between them. The exchange time scale of such buried water with the bulk has an extremely wide range, from tens of nanoseconds to &gt;1.5 µs. The translational and rotational dynamics of buried water are found to be strongly dependent on the protein cavity size and local interactions with a classic signature of trapped diffusion and rotational anisotropy.
57Fe Mössbauer isomer shift of pure iron and iron oxides at high pressure—An experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Desmarais Jacques K. , Bi Wenli , Zhao Jiyong , Hu Michael Y. , Alp Esen , Tse John S. 
Published: June 2021

The 57Fe isomer shift (IS) of pure iron has been measured up to 100 GPa using synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy in the time domain. Apart from the expected discontinuity due to the α → ε structural and spin transitions, the IS decreases monotonically with increasing pressure. The absolute shifts were reproduced without semi-empirical calibrations by periodic density functional calculations employing extensive localized basis sets with several common density functionals. However, the best numerical agreement is obtained with the B1WC hybrid functional. Extension of the calculations to 350 GPa, a pressure corresponding to the Earth’s inner core, predicted the IS range of 0.00 to −0.85 mm/s, covering the span from Fe(0) to Fe(VI) compounds measured at ambient pressure. The calculations also reproduced the pressure trend from polymorphs of prototypical iron oxide minerals, FeO and Fe2O3. Analysis of the electronic structure shows a strong donation of electrons from oxygen to iron at high pressure. The assignment of formal oxidation to the Fe atom becomes ambiguous under this condition.
SETD2-mediated H3K14 trimethylation promotes ATR activation and stalled replication fork restart in response to DNA replication stress
Authors: Zhu Qian , Yang Qiaoyan , Lu Xiaopeng , Wang Hui , Tong Lili , Li Zheng , Liu Ge , Bao Yantao , Xu Xingzhi , Gu Luo , Yuan Jian , Liu Xiangyu , Zhu Wei-Guo 
Published: June 2021

Significance
ATR is a central molecule involved in the DNA replication stress response and repair that ensures genome stability. Whether chromatin modifiers or chromatin modifications also regulate ATR activation, however, is unclear. We conclude that SETD2-mediated H3K14me3 recruits the RPA complex to chromatin and thus promotes ATR activation during conditions of replication stress. Using a series of biological and molecular approaches, we carefully delineated this new SETD2-H3K14me3-RPA-ATR axis that promotes ATR activation and improves cancer cell survival in response to DNA replication stress. Our data open up future opportunities to generate cancer therapeutics strategies based on this pathway.
Neurophysiological coordination of duet singing
Authors: Coleman Melissa J. , Day Nancy F. , Rivera-Parra Pamela , Fortune Eric S. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Cooperation, turn taking, and other social behaviors often depend on temporal coordination between individuals. How brains use sensory cues from participants to synchronize performances is not known. We examined the interactions between sensory cues and motor activity in the brains of female and male plain-tailed wrens that rapidly take turns to produce a duet that sounds as if a single bird is singing. We made simultaneous neurophysiological recordings from the brains of pairs of awake, duetting wrens. We discovered that inhibition driven by auditory feedback from the partner alternated with the premotor activity used by each individual to produce its own vocalizations. These data show how sensory feedback links the brains of cooperating animals through the modulation of motor circuits.
Mitochondrial apoptotic priming is a key determinant of cell fate upon p53 restoration
Authors: Sánchez-Rivera Francisco J. , Ryan Jeremy , Soto-Feliciano Yadira M. , Clare Beytagh Mary , Xuan Lucius , Feldser David M. , Hemann Michael T. , Zamudio Jesse , Dimitrova Nadya , Letai Anthony , Jacks Tyler 
Published: June 2021

Significance
It has long been observed that activation of p53 can yield two main cell fates: either apoptotic cell death or cell cycle arrest. However, what determines this cell fate remains to be fully elucidated. Here we show that the state of mitochondrial priming prior to activation of p53 can determine cell fate. Highly primed cells commit to apoptosis, while less-primed cells commit to cell cycle arrest. We show that modulation of priming in either direction can alter cell fate; increasing priming in poorly primed cells yields apoptosis, while decreasing priming in highly primed cells yields arrest. Drugs that increase priming enforce an apoptotic fate, suggesting a p53-independent strategy for augmenting efficacy of cancer chemotherapy drugs that kill via p53.
Neural basis of opioid-induced respiratory depression and its rescue
Authors: Liu Shijia , Kim Dong-Il , Oh Tae Gyu , Pao Gerald M. , Kim Jong-Hyun , Palmiter Richard D. , Banghart Matthew R. , Lee Kuo-Fen , Evans Ronald M. , Han Sung 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) is the direct cause of death from opioid overdose, which accounts for the current global opioid crisis. Here, we report that neurons expressing the μ-opioid receptors in the lateral parabrachial nucleus of the pontine respiratory group are necessary and sufficient for the pathogenesis of OIRD. Activating these neurons through endogenous or artificial G protein–coupled receptor signaling pathways rescues OIRD in intact mice, suggesting its therapeutic utility in OIRD patients.
Segregation, integration, and balance of large-scale resting brain networks configure different cognitive abilities
Authors: Wang Rong , Liu Mianxin , Cheng Xinhong , Wu Ying , Hildebrandt Andrea , Zhou Changsong 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Mastering diverse cognitive tasks is crucial for humans. We study how the brain’s functional organization at rest is configured to support diverse cognitive phenotypes. Emphasizing the multilevel, hierarchical modular structure of brain’s functional connectivity to derive eigenmode-based measures, we demonstrate that the resting brain’s functional organization in healthy young adults is configured to maintain a balance between network segregation and integration. This functional balance is associated with better memory. Furthermore, brains tending toward stronger segregation versus integration foster different cognitive abilities. Thus, the segregation–integration balance empowers the brain to support diverse cognitive abilities. These findings yield high potential to understand the role of whole-brain resting state dynamics in human cognition and to develop neural biomarkers of atypical cognition.
Tryptophanemia is controlled by a tryptophan-sensing mechanism ubiquitinating tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
Authors: Klaessens Simon , Stroobant Vincent , Hoffmann Delia , Gyrd-Hansen Mads , Pilotte Luc , Vigneron Nathalie , De Plaen Etienne , Van den Eynde Benoit J. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Besides being a protein building block, the essential amino acid tryptophan is a neurotransmitter precursor and a potent immunomodulator. Therefore, its systemic concentration needs to be constant in spite of irregular dietary supply. How this is achieved is unclear. Dietary tryptophan is degraded in the liver by tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). We report that tryptophan itself regulates TDO stability: Abundant tryptophan binds to noncatalytic exosites and stabilizes active tetrameric TDO. Hence, tryptophan is rapidly degraded and tryptophanemia contained. When tryptophan is scarce, it detaches from exosites, inducing tetramer dissociation and unmasking a degron triggering TDO polyubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. Tryptophan catabolism is interrupted and blood level maintained. Matching catabolism to dietary supply, this mechanism ensures rapid and tight control of tryptophanemia.
Structures suggest an approach for converting weak self-peptide tumor antigens into superagonists for CD8 T cells in cancer
Authors: Wei Pengcheng , Jordan Kimberly R. , Buhrman Jonathan D. , Lei Jun , Deng Hexiang , Marrack Philippa , Dai Shaodong , Kappler John W. , Slansky Jill E. , Yin Lei 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceTumor vaccines using modified self-antigens that structurally enhance T cell receptor–peptide–major histocompatibility complex interactions greatly improve a T cell protective response against the tumor’s unmodified self-antigen. X-ray crystal structures of these interactions explain how the native and modified peptides can interact with the same T cell receptor, but with different affinities and abilities to drive T cell proliferation and differentiation.