bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taking an authorial stance in English and Arabic research article discussions
Authors: Alotaibi Hmoud S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Taking an authorial stance is essential in academic writing but remains a challenge for novice researchers,
especially EFL/ESL writers. This study explores how authors of English and Arabic research article discussions employ evaluative
language resources while commenting on their results. To this end, the study investigated the employment of Engagement resources
within Appraisal Theory (Martin & White 2005). The findings exhibited a great
divergence between the two language groups as Arabic discussions relied more on Contracting strategies, which indicate the
tendency to close down the space for dialogic alternatives, while their English counterparts preferred Expanding resources, which
open up the dialogic space for alternative voices. The study, therefore, bears some pedagogical implications for L2 learners.
Hedged Turkish complaints and requests in the Problem-Solution text pattern
Authors: Karatepe Çiğdem 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study investigates to what extent Turkish formal complaint letters followed the ‘Problem-Solution Pattern’ (Hoey 1983), and on how the writers expressed their wishes when they explained their problem and asked the authorities to amend a mistake. The study is based on a corpus of 134 Turkish complaint letters. It draws upon Flowerdew’s (2008,2012) approach to the problem-solution pattern and the role of clause relations in this text pattern.Results showed that age-old Turkish rhetorical norms led writers’ choice of lexico-grammatical patterns in reflecting politeness in order to maintain their own and the recipients’ faces. The speech acts (complaint and request) in the ‘Problem and Solution’ parts below were hedged and impersonalized. The Turkish traditional rhetorical formula that was used in the request does not explicitly ask the reader to do something; in this way, the writers attempt to protect both their own face and that of the reader.
Lorentz covariance of optical Dirac equation and spinorial photon field
Authors: You Xiao-Lu , Li Chun-Fang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In a recent paper (2014 New J. Phys.
16 093008) Barnett discussed the so-called optical Dirac equation and referred to the involved wave function as a spinor. But as he claimed explicitly, he did not really associate that wave function with a true spinor. Here we show that if the optical Dirac equation is interpreted as the dynamical equation for the photon in conventional quantum mechanics, the wave function, called the photon field, does transform under the Lorentz transformation as a spinor. For the optical Dirac equation to be Lorentz covariant, however, a constraint on the photon field is required, which can be cast into the form of Maxwell’s divergence equations. It is found that the spinorial photon field not only satisfies the principle of locality but also has the right dimensionality as is required by conventional quantum mechanics.
Why is living alone in older age related to increased mortality risk? A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Abell Jessica G , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Living alone has been associated with increased mortality risk, but it is unclear whether this is a result of a selection effect or the impact of stressful life changes such as widowhood or divorce leading to changes in living arrangements. We therefore examined the association between living alone, transitions in living arrangements and all-cause mortality.

Method
We analysed data from 4,888 individuals who participated in both wave 2 (2004–2005) and wave 4 (2008–2009) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Transitions in living arrangements over this period were identified. Mortality status was ascertained from linked national mortality registers. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to examine the association between living alone and mortality over an average 8.5 year follow-up period.

Results
An association was found between living alone at wave 4 and mortality (hazard ratio (HR): 1.20, 95% CI 1.04–1.38) in a model adjusted for multiple factors including socioeconomic status, physical health, health behaviours and loneliness. We also found that participants who moved to living alone after divorce or bereavement had a higher risk of mortality compared with those who lived with others at both time points (HR: 1.34, 95% CI 1.01–1.79), while those who moved to living alone for other reasons did not show an increased mortality risk.

Conclusions
The relationship between living alone and mortality is complicated by the reasons underlying not living with others. A greater understanding of these dynamics will help to identify the individuals who are at particular health risk because of their living arrangements.
Community development as a key element in social work education and practice in Spain
Authors: Anleu-Hernández Claudia María , García-Moreno Cristina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Social work has always recognized the importance of community development as a key element in intervention and social change. Even so, the neoliberal context currently affecting the reality of most of the countries in the Global North is directly influencing the weakening of community actions and is reinforcing more individualistic positions. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the extent to which neoliberal policies are impacting on the teaching of community development content on social work programs in Spain and to study the impact of this reality on the implementation of community plans and projects in Catalonia. The methodology used was qualitative and was based on a systematic review of institutional documentation, community programs and specialized literature. Likewise, the study plans of the 32 universities currently teaching the social work degree in Spain were carefully reviewed to identify and analyze the subjects that focus their primary content on community development. We highlight the purpose of public and private institutions to maintain and promote community development plans and programs and the need to broaden and promote the community development approach in social work study plans. Finally, we present recommendations on how to promote social intervention and community development as key elements in both the training and practice of the social work profession.
Sleep Deprivation Impairs Learning-Induced Increase in Hippocampal Sharp Wave Ripples and Associated Spike Dynamics during Recovery Sleep
Authors: Li Rong-Rong , Yan Jie , Chen Hao , Zhang Wei-Wei , Hu Yu-Bo , Zhang Jie , Hu Zhi-An , Xiong Yan , Yao Zhong-Xiang , Hu Bo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSleep deprivation (SD) causes deficits in off-line memory consolidation, but the underlying network oscillation mechanisms remain unclear. Hippocampal sharp wave ripple (SWR) oscillations play a critical role in off-line memory consolidation. Therefore, we trained mice to learn a hippocampus-dependent trace eyeblink conditioning (tEBC) task and explored the influence of 1.5-h postlearning SD on hippocampal SWRs and related spike dynamics during recovery sleep. We found an increase in hippocampal SWRs during postlearning sleep, which predicted the consolidation of tEBC in conditioned mice. In contrast, sleep-deprived mice showed a loss of tEBC learning-induced increase in hippocampal SWRs during recovery sleep. Moreover, the sleep-deprived mice exhibited weaker reactivation of tEBC learning-associated pyramidal cells in hippocampal SWRs during recovery sleep. In line with these findings, tEBC consolidation was impaired in sleep-deprived mice. Furthermore, sleep-deprived mice showed augmented fast excitation from pyramidal cells to interneurons and enhanced participation of interneurons in hippocampal SWRs during recovery sleep. Among various interneurons, parvalbumin-expressing interneurons specifically exhibited overexcitation during hippocampal SWRs. Our findings suggest that altered hippocampal SWRs and associated spike dynamics during recovery sleep may be candidate network oscillation mechanisms underlying SD-induced memory deficits.
An international audit of the management of dyslipidaemia and hypertension in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from 19 countries
Authors: Rollefstad Silvia , Ikdahl Eirik , Wibetoe Grunde , Sexton Joe , Crowson Cynthia S , van Riel Piet , Kitas George D , Graham Ian , Dahlqvist Solbritt Rantapää , Karpouzas George , Myasoedova Elena , Gonzalez-Gay Miguel A , Sfikakis Petros P , Tektonidou Maria G , Lazarini Argyro , Vassilopoulos Dimitrios , Kuriya Bindee , Hitchon Carol A , Stoenoiu Maria Simona , Durez Patrick , Pascual-Ramos Virginia , Galarza-Delgado Dionicio Angel , Faggiano Pompilio , Misra Durga Prasanna , Borg Andrew , Mu Rong , Mirrakhimov Erkin M , Gheta Diane , Myasoedova Svetlana , Krougly Lev , Popkova Tatiana , Tuchyňová Alena , Tomcik Michal , Vrablik Michal , Lastuvka Jiri , Horák Pavel , Medková Helena , Semb Anne Grete 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aims
To assess differences in estimated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients from different world regions and to evaluate the management and goal attainment of lipids and blood pressure (BP).

Methods and results
The survey of CVD risk factors in patients with RA was conducted in 14 503 patients from 19 countries during 2014–19. The treatment goal for BP was &lt;140/90 mmHg. CVD risk prediction and lipid goals were according to the 2016 European guidelines. Overall, 21% had a very high estimated risk of CVD, ranging from 5% in Mexico, 15% in Asia, 19% in Northern Europe, to 31% in Central and Eastern Europe and 30% in North America. Of the 52% with indication for lipid-lowering treatment (LLT), 44% were using LLT. The lipid goal attainment was 45% and 18% in the high and very high risk groups, respectively. Use of statins in monotherapy was 24%, while 1% used statins in combination with other LLT. Sixty-two per cent had hypertension and approximately half of these patients were at BP goal. The majority of the patients used antihypertensive treatment in monotherapy (24%), while 10% and 5% as a two- or three-drug combination.

Conclusion
We revealed considerable geographical differences in estimated CVD risk and preventive treatment. Low goal attainment for LLT was observed, and only half the patients obtained BP goal. Despite a high focus on the increased CVD risk in RA patients over the last decade, there is still substantial potential for improvement in CVD preventive measures.
Effects of topography and basins on seismic wave amplification: the Northern Chile coastal cliff and intramountainous basins
Authors: García-Pérez Tiaren , Ferreira Ana M G , Yáñez Gonzalo , Iturrieta Pablo , Cembrano José 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYDuring earthquakes, structural damage is often related to soil conditions. Following the 2014 April 1 Mw 8.1 Iquique earthquake in Northern Chile, damage to infrastructure was reported in the cities of Iquique and Alto Hospicio. In this study, we investigate the causes of site amplification in the region by numerically analysing the effects of topography and basins on observed waveforms in the frequency range 0.1–3.5 Hz using the spectral element method. We show that topography produces changes in the amplitude of the seismic waves (amplification factors up to 2.2 in the frequency range 0.1–3.5 Hz) recorded by stations located in steep areas such as the ca. 1-km-high coastal scarp, a remarkable geomorphological feature that runs north–south, that is parallel to the coast and the trench. The modelling also shows that secondary waves—probably related to reflections from the coastal scarp—propagate inland and offshore, augmenting the duration of the ground motion and the energy of the waveforms by up to a factor of three. Additionally, we find that, as expected, basins have a considerable effect on ground motion amplification at stations located within basins and in the surrounding areas. This can be attributed to the generation of multiple reflected waves in the basins, which increase both the amplitude and the duration of the ground motion, with an amplification factor of up to 3.9 for frequencies between 1.0 and 2.0 Hz. Comparisons between real and synthetic seismic waveforms accounting for the effects of topography and of basins show a good agreement in the frequency range between 0.1 and 0.5 Hz. However, for higher frequencies, the fit progressively deteriorates, especially for stations located in or near to areas of steep topography, basin areas, or sites with superficial soft sediments. The poor data misfit at high frequencies is most likely due to the effects of shallow, small-scale 3-D velocity heterogeneity, which is not yet resolved in seismic images of our study region.
Mitigating the ill-posedness of first-arrival traveltime tomography using slopes: application to the eastern Nankai Trough (Japan) OBS data set
Authors: Sambolian S , Gorszczyk A , Operto S , Ribodetti A , Tavakoli F. B 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYFirst-arrival traveltime tomography is one of the most used velocity model building techniques especially in sparse wide-angle acquisitions for deep crustal seismic imaging cases. Relying on the inversion of a picked attribute, the absolute traveltimes, the approach is ill-posed in terms of non-uniqueness of the solution. The latter is remedied by proper regularization or the introduction of prior information. Indeed, since traveltime kernels are vulnerable to the velocity–depth ambiguity, the inversion is stabilized by the introduction of complementary data like reflections and explicit reflectors in the velocity models. Here, we propose to supplement first-arrival traveltimes by their slopes, in other words the horizontal component of the slowness vectors at the sources and/or receivers. Slopes are a crucial attribute in state of the art scattering-based or reflection-based tomographic methods like slope tomography or wavefront tomography where the differential information is needed in order to locate the scattering events position or to parametrize the wavefront. The optional but valuable injection of slopes as an objective measure in first-arrival traveltime tomography stabilizes the problem by constraining the emergence angle or in turn implicitly the turning point depth of the rays. We explain why slopes have a tremendous added value in such a tomographic problem and highlight its remedial effect in cases where the medium is unevenly illuminated. We also show that the contribution of slopes become even more significant when the acquisition is sparse as it is generally the case with ocean-bottom seismometer surveys. The inferred models from such an extended time-attributes tomography will be used as initial guesses in a full-waveform inversion workflow context. The proposed strategy is benchmarked in 2-D media against a dip section of the SEG/EAGE overthrust model and then followed by a revisit of ocean bottom seismometers data from the eastern-Nankai subduction margin as a real deep crustal case study.
C4-monomethylsterol β-glucoside and its synthase in Aurantiochytrium limacinum mh0186
Authors: Endo Ikumi , Watanabe Takashi , Miyamoto Tomofumi , Monjusho-Goda Hatsumi , Ohara Junichiro , Hayashi Masahiro , Hama Yoichiro , Ishibashi Yohei , Okino Nozomu , Ito Makoto 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Thraustochytrids, unicellular marine protists, synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and PUFA-containing phospholipids; however, little is known about their glycolipids and their associated metabolism. Here, we report two glycolipids (GL-A, B) and their synthases in Aurantiochytrium limacinum mh0186. Two glycolipids were purified from A. limacinum mh0186, and they were determined by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance to be 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-stigmasta-5,7,22-triene (GL-A) and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4α-methyl-stigmasta-7,22-diene (GL-B), both of which are sterol β-glucosides (β-SGs); the structure of GL-B has not been reported thus far. Seven candidate genes responsible for the synthesis of these β-SGs were extracted from the draft genome database of A. limacinum using the yeast sterol β-glucosyltransferase (SGT; EC 2.4.1.173) sequence as a query. Expression analysis using Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that two gene products (AlSGT-1 and 2) catalyze the transfer of glucose from uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose to sterols, generating sterylglucosides (SGs). Compared to AlSGT-1, AlSGT-2 exhibited wide specificity for sterols and used C4-monomethylsterol to synthesize GL-B. The disruption of alsgt-2 but not alsgt-1 in strain mh0186 resulted in a decrease in the total SG and an almost complete loss of GL-B, indicating that AlSGT-2 is responsible for the synthesis of β-SGs in A. limacinum mh0186, especially GL-B, which possesses a unique sterol structure.
How the Gulf States are using their air space to assert their sovereignty
Authors: Gaub Florence , Boswinkel Lotje 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
All Arab states, including the Gulf states, are regularly considered an anomaly in International Relations: allegedly artificially created, lacking clear identity, borders and sovereignty. We challenge this assertion by looking at one dimension of sovereignty often overlooked: the air space. We measure this assertion along the classical lines of sovereignty: do the states have the institutions, regulations and capacity to manage their air space, do they use it for economic and diplomatic purposes, do they have the means to conduct war in it, and does it feature in their national identity? We find that particularly since 1990, the Gulf States have affirmed their sovereignty markedly in all these areas. These findings show two things: that sovereignty can be a feature of a state regardless of the nature of its creation, and that it can be affirmed in a space previously overlooked, the air.
Who stays and who leaves? Immigration and the selection of natives across locations
Authors: Ortega Javier , Verdugo Gregory 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We study the impact of local immigration inflows on natives’ wages using a large French administrative panel from 1976 to 2007. We show that local immigration inflows are followed by reallocations of blue-collar natives across commuting zones. Because these reallocations vary with the initial occupation, and blue-collar location movers have wages below the blue-collar average, controlling for changes in local composition is crucial to assess how wages adjust to immigration. Immigration temporarily lowers the wages of blue-collar workers, with unskilled workers experiencing larger losses. Location movers lose more than stayers in terms of daily wages but move to locations with cheaper housing.
Metabolic surgery in China: present and future
Authors: Tu Yinfang , Bao Yuqian , Zhang Pin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObesity and its related complications comprise a serious public health problem worldwide, and obesity is increasing in China. Metabolic surgery is a new type of treatment with unique advantages in weight loss and obesity-related metabolic complications. The pathogenesis of obesity is complex and not yet fully understood. Here, we review the current efficacy and safety of metabolic surgery, as well as recent progress in mechanistic studies and surgical procedures in China. The exciting and rapid advances in this field provide new opportunities for patients with obesity and strike a balance between long-term effectiveness and safety.
Improving a Parent Coaching Model of Music Interventions for Young Autistic Children
Authors: Hernandez Ruiz Eugenia , Braden Blair B 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Parenting a child on the autism spectrum can be rewarding and enriching, but it may also increase risk of parental fatigue, stress, anxiety, and depression. Parent-mediated interventions contribute to increase family satisfaction and child social communication while helping to decrease parental stress and fatigue. Parent coaching, the education of parents in evidence-based strategies, has become common in the autism field. However, parent coaching in music therapy has only recently emerged and has limited research with families with an autistic member. In this study, we attempted to improve a previously published model of parent coaching, adapting only one aspect of the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM), the sensory social routine (SSR) to create a music intervention. Four parents participated in this 6-session parent coaching study. We compared the SSR-based intervention with and without music, in an alternating treatment design. Measures included parental responsiveness, child receptive and initiation joint attention, parent–child similar affect and synchronized gaze, and the Parent Coaching-ESDM (PC-ESDM) parent fidelity rating system. Results from these observational measures were mixed, with better parental responses in the no-music condition, but improved child responses and parent–child synchrony in the music condition for 3 out of the 4 participants. Parent learning increased for all participants, and 3 out of the 4 reached fidelity (a score of at least 80%), according to the PC-ESDM. Although mixed results were observed across participants, implications for practice are possible. Better outcome measures of this complex intervention are needed.
Tonkinensine B induces apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction and inactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Sun Xuanrong , Zhang Tianwei , Cai Yue , Yang Ke , Peng Tingting , Liu Renhao , Li Xing-Nuo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Tonkinensine B, a novel compound with cytisine–pterocarpan skeleton isolated from the root of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep, was reported to have a significant antitumor effect. The effect and intrinsic mechanism of tonkinensine B on tumour need to be further investigated.

Methods
With the help of cell cytotoxicity, the effect of tonkinensine B on MDA-MB-231 cells was investigated. By observing mitochondrial function changes, the intrinsic mechanism was further studied. The levels of key apoptosis-associated proteins Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-9, caspase-3 and AKT in MDA-MB-231 cells were analysed to determine whether tonkinensine B caused apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway.

Key findings
After treated with tonkinensine B, MDA-MB-231 cells multiplication was repressed, and the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, loss of ATP synthesis and elevated ROS generation were detected. Furthermore, the proportions of Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 proteins production were up-regulated, indicating that tonkinensine B acted on intrinsic mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway. In addition, tonkinensine B also reduced phosphorylation levels of AKT, and thus the activation of apoptosis might likewise be correlated with the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Conclusions
Tonkinensine B may be a hopeful candidate for human triple-negative breast cancer, and further structural optimization is expected to improve its anti-tumour activity.