bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep disturbances in the irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia are independent of psychological distress: a population‐based study of 1322 Australians
Authors: Koloski Natasha A. , Jones Michael , Walker Marjorie M. , Keely Simon , Holtmann Gerald , Talley Nicholas J. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBackgroundPsychological distress, strongly associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDS), likely plays a central role in the pathophysiology. The role of sleep disturbances in FGIDs is unclear, and an association with psychological factors is uncertain.AimTo determine whether sleep disturbances are associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD) and if a potential association is explained by psychological distress.MethodsAdult sample randomly selected from a region in New South Wales, Australia in 2015 who returned a follow‐up mail survey in 2018 (response rate, 60.5%) that contained questions on IBS, FD, sleep (MOS‐Sleep Scale) and psychological distress (Kessler 6 scale).ResultsAmong this population, 10.4% (95% CI 8.8‐12.2) and 17.9% (95% CI 15.9‐20.1) met Rome III criteria for IBS and FD, respectively. The prevalence of any sleep disturbance at least most of the time was common, with a significantly higher prevalence in FGID (IBS and/or FD) compared with the remaining population (41.8% vs 32.2%, P = 0.003). The total sleep problem index was significantly higher for IBS (OR = 1.71 [95% CI 1.29‐2.27], P < 0.0001) (IBS‐diarrhoea predominant and IBS‐mixed but not IBS‐constipation) and FD (OR = 1.80 [1.43‐2.26], P < 0.0001) (both epigastric pain syndrome and postprandial distress syndrome) even after adjusting for age, sex and psychological distress.ConclusionBoth IBS and FD, and most of their major subtypes except IBS‐C, are associated with a range of sleep disturbances. These sleep problems do not appear to be explained by psychological factors and may play an independent role in the pathophysiology.
Laparoscopic and open surgery methods in managing surgical intussusceptions: A randomized clinical trial of postoperative complications
Authors: Jamshidi Masoud , Rahimi Bahman , Gilani Neda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeTo compare postoperative complications of laparoscopic surgery (LS) with open surgery (OS) in surgical intussusception patients.MethodsFrom March 2015 to February 2018, infants between 6 to 24 months old had the clinical and sono‐graphical signs of intussusception enrolled in this double‐blind, randomized clinical trial. We divided surgical intussusception patients into two groups. In the LS group, we evaluated patients by direct laparoscopic observation, on‐table hydrostatic enema, and mechanical reduction of intussusception. In the OS group, we performed the conventional technique. These patients were followed for 2 years after procedures for comparison of postoperative complications between the two groups.ResultsWe had 52 patients who needed surgical exploration (26 in each group). There were four (15%) and seven (27%) patients with self‐reduced intussusception in LS and OS groups, respectively. The conversion rate was 31% (eight cases). Five cases (19%) in the LS group and four cases (15%) in the OS group needed bowel resections. Operating time was longer in the LS group (P ≤ 0.006), and the postoperative complication rate was higher in the OS group (P ≤ 0.021).DiscussionLaparoscopy is a screening tool to determine the need for OS in surgical intussusception patients. Laparoscopy reduces the incidence of OS and its complications.
Functional redundancy of Amazonian dung beetles confers community‐level resistance to primary forest disturbance
Authors: Nunes Cássio Alencar , Barlow Jos , França Filipe , Berenguer Erika , Solar Ricardo R. C. , Louzada Julio , Leitão Rafael P. , Maia Laís F. , Oliveira Victor H. F. , Braga Rodrigo Fagundes , Vaz‐de‐Mello Fernando Z. , Sayer Emma J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTropical forest biodiversity is being threatened by human activities, and species losses during forest disturbance can compromise important ecosystem functions and services. We assessed how species losses due to tropical forest disturbance affect community functional structure, using Amazonian dung beetles as a model group. We collected empirical data from 106 forest transects and used simulated extinction scenarios to determine how species loss influences community structure at regional and local scales. Although functional and taxonomic community metrics were largely unaffected by primary forest disturbance, they differed markedly between primary and secondary forests. However, our extinction scenarios demonstrated scale‐dependence of species losses, whereby functional structure only eroded with species extinction at the local scale. Hence, we extend the spatial insurance hypothesis by demonstrating that landscape‐scale functional redundancy offsets the impact of local species losses and confers community‐level resistance to primary forest disturbance.Abstract in portuguese is available with online material.
G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor in the rostral ventromedial medulla contributes to the chronification of postoperative pain
Authors: Xu Jia‐Jia , Gao Po , Wu Ying , Yin Su‐Qing , Zhu Ling , Xu Sai‐Hong , Tang Dan , Cheung Chi‐Wai , Jiao Ying‐Fu , Yu Wei‐Feng , Li Yuan‐Hai , Yang Li‐Qun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsChronification of postoperative pain is a common clinical phenomenon following surgical operation, and it perplexes a great number of patients. Estrogen and its membrane receptor (G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor, GPER) play a crucial role in pain regulation. Here, we explored the role of GPER in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) during chronic postoperative pain and search for the possible mechanism.Methods and ResultsPostoperative pain was induced in mice or rats via a plantar incision surgery. Behavioral tests were conducted to detect both thermal and mechanical pain, showing a small part (16.2%) of mice developed into pain persisting state with consistent low pain threshold on 14 days after incision surgery compared with the pain recovery mice. Immunofluorescent staining assay revealed that the GPER‐positive neurons in the RVM were significantly activated in pain persisting rats. In addition, RT‐PCR and immunoblot analyses showed that the levels of GPER and phosphorylated μ‐type opioid receptor (p‐MOR) in the RVM of pain persisting mice were apparently increased on 14 days after incision surgery. Furthermore, chemogenetic activation of GPER‐positive neurons in the RVM of Gper‐Cre mice could reverse the pain threshold of pain recovery mice. Conversely, chemogenetic inhibition of GPER‐positive neurons in the RVM could prevent mice from being in the pain persistent state.ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that the GPER in the RVM was responsible for the chronification of postoperative pain and the downstream pathway might be involved in MOR phosphorylation.
Redefining and mapping global irreplaceability
Authors: Baisero Daniele , Schuster Richard , Plumptre Andrew J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIrreplaceability is a concept used to describe how close a site is to being essential for achieving conservation targets. Current methods for measuring irreplaceability are based on representative combinations of sites, giving them an extrinsic nature and exponential computational requirements. Surrogate measures based on efficiency (complementarity) are often used as alternatives, but they were never intended for this purpose and do not measure irreplaceability. Current approaches used to estimate irreplaceability have key limitations. Some of these are a result of the tools used, but some are due to the nature of the current definition ofirreplaceability. For irreplaceability to be stable and useful for conservation purposes and to resolve limitations, irreplaceability measures should adhere to five axioms; baseline coherence, monotonic responsiveness, proportional responsiveness, intrinsic stability, and bounded outputs. We designed a robust method for measuring a site's proximity to irreplaceability that adheres to these requirements and used it to develop the first systematic global map of irreplaceability based on data for terrestrial vertebrates (n= 29,837 species, >1 million grid cells). At least 3.5% of land surface was highly irreplaceable, and 47.6% of highly irreplaceable cells were contained in 12 countries. More generous thresholds of irreplaceability flag greater portions of land surface that would still be realistic to protect under current global objectives. Irreplaceable sites should form a critical component of any global conservation plan and should be part of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity's post2020 Global Biodiversity Framework strategy, forming part of the 30% protection by 2030 target that is gaining support. The reliable identification of irreplaceable sites will be crucial to halting extinctions.
First identification of probable nursery habitat for critically endangered great hammerhead Sphyrna mokarran on the Atlantic Coast of the United States
Authors: Macdonald Catherine , Jerome Jacob , Pankow Christian , Perni Nicholas , Black Kristina , Shiffman David , Wester Julia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGreat hammerheads (Sphyrna mokarran) have undergone significant global population declines and were assessed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN in 2019. Identification and protection of critical habitat, particularly during early life stages, is considered imperative for species conservation and management. We report the first identification of a probable nursery area for young‐of‐the‐year and juvenile great hammerheads off the Atlantic coast of the United States. Notably, these animals were all encountered within highly human‐impacted marine habitats near Miami, Florida. The capture of nine individuals under 200 cm total length in a 10‐month period supports the hypothesis that this area represents a primary or secondary nursery habitat for great hammerheads.
Discrepant subtyping of blood type A2 living kidney donors: Missed opportunities in kidney transplantation
Authors: Garg Neetika , Warnke Leza , Redfield Robert R. , Miller Karen M. , Cooper Matthew , Roll Garrett R. , Chipman Valerie , Thomas Alvin , Leeser David , Waterman Amy D. , Mandelbrot Didier A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the institution of a new Kidney Allocation System in 2014, A2/A2B to B transplantation has not increased as expected. The current Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network policy requires subtyping on two separate occasions, and in the setting of discrepant results, defaulting to the A1 subtype. However, there is significant inherent variability in the serologic assays used for blood group subtyping and genotyping is rarely done.MethodsThe National Kidney Registry, a kidney paired donation (KPD) program, performs serological typing on all A/AB donors, and in cases of non‐A1/non‐A1B donors, confirmatory genotyping is performed.ResultsBetween 2/18/2018 and 9/15/2020, 13.0% (145) of 1,111 type A donors registered with the NKR were ultimately subtyped as A2 via genotyping. Notably, 49.6% (72) of these were subtyped as A1 at their donor center, and in accordance with OPTN policy, ineligible for allocation as A2.ConclusionInaccurate A2 subtyping represents a significant lost opportunity in transplantation, especially in KPD where A2 donors can not only facilitate living donor transplantation for O and highly sensitized candidates, but can also facilitate additional living donor transplants. This study highlights the need for improved accuracy of subtyping technique, and the need for policy changes encouraging optimal utilization of A2 donor kidneys.
Adjuvant anti‐PD‐1 antibody treatment in stage III/IV melanoma: real‐world experience and health economic considerations
Authors: Koelblinger Peter , Hoellwerth Magdalena , Dernoscheg Marie‐Therese , Koch Lukas , Richtig Erika , Wanner Marina , Nguyen Van‐Anh , Ostermann Herwig , Bauer Johann W. , Laimer Martin 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBackgroundAnti‐programmed death 1 (PD‐1) antibodies have evolved as a new standard of care in the adjuvant treatment of completely resected melanoma. Real‐world data on treatment efficacy and safety as well as cost‐effectiveness are still limited.Patients and MethodsTreatment outcomes were retrospectively analyzed in a continuous patient cohort receiving adjuvant nivolumab (91 patients) or pembrolizumab (9 patients). Based on the obtained clinical data, a semi‐Markov model was developed to evaluate cost‐effectiveness.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 11.5 months, disease recurrence was observed in 39 patients (39 %). The site of first recurrence was locoregional in 17, distant in 19, and combined locoregional and distant in three patients. Twelve‐month estimates for recurrence‐ and distant‐metastasis‐free survival were 64.8 % and 77.4 %, respectively. Sixteen patients experienced grade 3 or 4 treatment‐related adverse events, while 22 patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events. The base‐case Markov model yielded an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of 13,330 € per quality‐adjusted life year for adjuvant anti‐PD‐1 antibody treatment compared to a simulated observation cohort.ConclusionsReal‐world outcomes of adjuvant anti‐PD‐1 antibody therapy in completely resected melanoma appear comparable to clinical trial data. Moreover, our data suggests this treatment strategy to be cost‐effective according to Austrian health economic standards.
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for motor recovery in pediatric neurological conditions: a scoping review
Authors: Yan Derek , Vassar Rachel 
Published: July 2021

AimTo explore the breadth of pediatric neurological conditions for which neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been studied.MethodDatabases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase) were searched from 2000 to 2020, using the search terms ‘neuromuscular electrical stimulation’ OR ‘functional electrical stimulation’ with at least one of the words ‘pediatric OR child OR children OR adolescent’, and without the words ‘dysphagia OR implanted OR enuresis OR constipation’. Articles focused on adults or individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) were excluded.ResultsThirty‐five studies met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 353 pediatric participants (293 unique participants; mean age 7y 4mo, range 1wk–38y). NMES was applied in a range of pediatric conditions other than CP, including stroke, spinal cord injury, myelomeningocele, scoliosis, congenital clubfoot, obstetric brachial plexus injury, genetic neuromuscular diseases, and other neuromuscular conditions causing weakness.InterpretationAll 35 studies concluded that NMES was well‐tolerated and most studies suggested that NMES could augment traditional therapy methods to improve strength. Outcome measurements were heterogeneous. Further research on NMES with larger, randomized studies will help clarify its potential to improve physiology and mobility in pediatric patients with neuromuscular conditions.
What this paper adds

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) appears to be tolerated by pediatric patients.

NMES shows potential for augmenting recovery in pediatric patients with a range of rehabilitation needs.
Association between body weight variability and incidence of Parkinson disease: A nationwide, population‐based cohort study
Authors: Park Joo‐Hyun , Choi Yeonjoo , Kim Hyunjin , Nam Myung Ji , Lee Chung‐woo , Yoo Ji Won , Jung Jin‐Hyung , Park Yong‐Gyu , Han Kyungdo , Kim Do‐Hoon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeAlthough body weight variability has been associated with mortality, cardiovascular disease, and dementia, the relationship between body weight variability and Parkinson disease (PD) has rarely been studied. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between body weight variability and PD incidence.MethodsA nationwide population‐based, cohort study was conducted using the database from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of the whole Korean population. We analyzed 2,815,135 participants (≥40 years old, mean age = 51.7 ± 8.6 years, 66.8% men) without a previous PD diagnosis. We determined individual body weight variability from baseline weight and follow‐up visits. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsThe highest quartile group was associated with increased PD incidence compared with the lowest quartile group after adjustment for confounding factors (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08–1.29). In contrast, baseline body mass index, baseline waist circumference, and waist circumference variability were not associated with increased PD incidence. In the body weight loss group, individuals within the quartile of the highest variation in body weight showed a higher HR of PD risk than those within other quartiles (HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.18–1.68).ConclusionsBody weight variability, especially weight loss, was associated with higher PD incidence. This finding has important implications for clinicians and supports the need for preventative measures and surveillance for PD in individuals with fluctuating body weight.
The boundary node method for multi‐robot multi‐goal path planning problems
Authors: Saeed Raza Abdulla , Reforgiato Recupero Diego , Remagnino Paolo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the multi‐goal path planning problem to find the shortest collision‐free path connecting a given set of goal points located in the robot working environment. This problem combines two sub‐problems: first, optimize the sequence of the goal points located in the free workspace; second, compute the shortest collision‐free path between goal points. In this study, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the sequence of the goal points that the robot should visit. Once the sequence of the goal points is available, our developed method called Boundary Node Method (BNM) is applied to generate an initial collision‐free path between every pair of the sequenced goal points. Subsequently, an additional developed method called Path Enhancement Method (PEM) is used to find an optimal or near‐optimal path by reducing the overall initial path length. In the BNM, the robot and its immediate surroundings are simulated by a nine‐node quadrilateral element, where the centroid node represents the robot's position. The robot moves between goals with boundary nodes in the working environment depending on the boundary node's potential value. The potential value of each point in the working environment is calculated based on the proposed potential function. Additionally, this article investigates the multi‐goal path planning problem for multi‐robot systems, when each goal reached by several robots. Finally, simulations and experiments are performed on a real mobile robot to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed methods.
Different functional traits among closely related algal symbionts dictate stress endurance for vital Indo‐Pacific reef‐building corals
Authors: Hoadley Kenneth D. , Pettay Daniel. T. , Lewis Allison , Wham Drew , Grasso Chris , Smith Robin , Kemp Dustin W. , LaJeunesse Todd , Warner Mark E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReef‐building corals in the genus Porites are one of the most important constituents of Indo‐Pacific reefs. Many species within this genus tolerate abnormally warm water and exhibit high specificity for particular kinds of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates that cope with thermal stress better than those living in other corals. Still, during extreme ocean heating, some Porites exhibit differences in their stress tolerance. While corals have different physiological qualities, it remains unknown whether the stability and performance of these mutualisms is influenced by the physiology and genetic relatedness of their symbionts. We investigated two ubiquitous Pacific reef corals, Porites rus and Porites cylindrica, from warmer inshore and cooler offshore reef systems in Palau. While these corals harbored a similar kind of symbiont in the genus Cladocopium (within the ITS2 C15 subclade), rapidly evolving genetic markers revealed evolutionarily diverged lineages corresponding to each Porites species living in each reef habitat. Furthermore, these closely related Cladocopium lineages were differentiated by their densities in host tissues, cell volume, chlorophyll concentration, gross photosynthesis, and photoprotective pathways. When assessed using several physiological proxies, these previously undifferentiated symbionts contrasted in their tolerance to thermal stress. Symbionts within P. cylindrica were relatively unaffected by exposure to 32℃ for 14 days, whereas P. rus colonies lost substantial numbers of photochemically compromised symbionts. Heating reduced the ability of the offshore symbiont associated with P. rus to translocate carbon to the coral. By contrast, high temperatures enhanced symbiont carbon assimilation and delivery to the coral skeleton of inshore P. cylindrica. This study indicates that large physiological differences exist even among closely related symbionts, with significant implications for thermal susceptibility among reef‐building Porites.
Interest group governance and policy agendas
Authors: Perera Isabel M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article proposes that the internal political organization of an interest group can shape its policy agenda. In doing so, it recommends that public policy research draw on scholarship on comparative political institutions to identify and theorize how alternative organizational rules, structures, and mechanisms can shape preference formation and expression. For example, confederal interest groups can amplify minority voices, whereas majoritarian groups can silence them. Contrasting cases of physician advocacy in mental health policy illustrate how the confederal approach to medical organization in France expanded the influence of a small group of public sector psychiatrists; while the majoritarian, “winner‐take‐all” approach to medical organization in the United States sidelined their American counterparts in favor of the private sector majority. These findings suggest that the politics of interest‐aggregation merit further investigation.