bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote services of national libraries
Authors: Tikunova I. P. 
Published: May 2021

Many modern national libraries implement the model of a library open to any member of society. In conditions of rapid and pervasive development of digital technologies and the formation of the Internet information space, a website is an indispensable tool for ensuring the availability of the library, its information resources and services in the virtual space. The creation and use of websites to organize remote (virtual) services is one of the most significant activities of libraries. The article objective is to present and summarize the results of studying national library websites as a platform for remote user services. The Russian State Library researchers study websites of 24 national libraries in 22 countries as a part of investigating current state and prospects for development of the digitalization processes of public libraries. The researchers have identified main directions of remote services (informing users about the library, its resources and services; ensuring the availability of library information resources; improving the comfort of using the library), and the range of remote services, which includes above dozen remote library and information services, as well as nearly the same number of additional digital services that increase the comfort of users. They proposed promising directions to develop remote services (information about library resources and services, consulting and training on using library resources, personalization of services), and the introduction of digital technologies (multimedia and augmented reality technologies).
Establishing and developing the system of libraries of the USSR Academy of Sciences regional branches: the 1930s-1945
Authors: Levner M. V. , Vinogradova N. A. 
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to organizing the work of the USSR Academy of Sciences (AS) libraries in the 1930s, while creating a network of scientific branches and bases of AS in the country regions. The main goal of the created library system was to provide scientists working far from Moscow and Leningrad with scientific publications according with the specialization of newly created scientific institutions. The article attempts to recall how the expansion of the system of academic libraries in the USSR has started, and provides real data on their work. The authors overview the academic organizations created on the periphery, describes the processes of acquisitions and methodological management of libraries of branches and bases of the USSR Academy of Sciences.The principles of formation of science library network proved to be effective and the system of academic libraries expanded successfully for decades. The factual base of the article were the documents found in the archives of the Library of Natural Sciences RAS, in the Moscow and St. Petersburg Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in some regional archives and materials available on the Internet sites. The authors used a general scientific methodology, applying source study, archaeographic and analytical-synthetic methods of working with archival documents.The article is devoted to organizing the work of the USSR Academy of Sciences (AS) libraries in the 1930s, while creating a network of scientific branches and bases of AS in the country regions. The main goal of the created library system was to provide scientists working far from Moscow and Leningrad with scientific publications according with the specialization of newly created scientific institutions. The article attempts to recall how the expansion of the system of academic libraries in the USSR has started, and provides real data on their work. The authors overview the academic organizations created on the periphery, describes the processes of acquisitions and methodological management of libraries of branches and bases of the USSR Academy of Sciences.The principles of formation of science library network proved to be effective and the system of academic libraries expanded successfully for decades. The factual base of the article were the documents found in the archives of the Library of Natural Sciences RAS, in the Moscow and St. Petersburg Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in some regional archives and materials available on the Internet sites. The authors used a general scientific methodology, applying source study, archaeographic and analytical-synthetic methods of working with archival documents.
DIGITALIZATION IN SMALL BUSINESS FOR WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN UKRAINE
Authors: Kolarov Kostadin , Kononenko Igor , Grinchenko Marina , Bukrieieva Karina 
Published: May 2021

From September 2020 to April 2022, the “DIGI-WOMEN, digital entrepreneurship tools and support for women entrepreneurs” project is being implemented within the “Erasmus +” program. Project coordinator is the University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria. Project partners are National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”, Ukraine; Bit-management Beratung Gesmbh, Austria; Baltijas Juras Regiona Klasteru Eksperti, Latvia; Consulenza Direzionale di Paolo Zaramella, Italy; CEPOR Centar za politiku razvoja malih i srednjih poduzeća i poduzetništva, Croatia; Greek Association of Women Entrepreneurs – SEGE, Greece. Project overall objective is to develop a training program that will train experts in order to offer trainings and mentorship sessions that are tailored to the needs of the female entrepreneurs digitalizing their business and help them overcome the obstacles they face in the digitalization. As a result of analyzing the relevance of digitalization in small business for women entrepreneurs in Ukraine the conclusion was made that important areas of digitalization are: search for ideas for business and substantiate these ideas using digital technologies; creation and promotion of business websites; presentation and promotion of business in social networks; implementation of a CRM system at the enterprise. A training program is proposed to prepare experts who will then train women entrepreneurs who run small businesses. The program is designed in such a way that women entrepreneurs have mastered precisely those areas of knowledge that are recognized as the most important in the studies. The program consists of a number of trainings on the following topics: "Training techniques for women entrepreneurs in small business", "Search and Substantiation of Ideas for Business", " Development, deployment, analysis and promotion of the web site ", "Introduction to Social Media Marketing (SMM), "Implementation of digital technologies on the example of the Bitrix24 CRM system".
On understanding the role of South Asian High on the Onset and Withdrawal of the Indian Monsoon
Authors: Agrawal Nishtha , Pandey Vivek 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Indian monsoon is always considered to be a large-scale process that has a profound impact on the agriculture and economic conditions of India. The present study addresses the role of South Asian High (SAH) and subtropical westerly jet (STJ) on the onset and withdrawal of Indian monsoon. For this purpose, we have utilized the output of the Regional Climate Model (RegCM v4.6) and reanalysis ERA5 pressure level data for 24 years (1982–2005) of study. We begin our analysis with the evaluation of Tibetan Plateau (TP) heating and its connection with different atmospheric factors during the seasonal transition of monsoon is perused. We have further tried to decipher the link between SAH and inter-annual variability of monsoon. Our analysis shows the efficiency of the model in simulating inter-annual variability of monsoon onset and withdrawal features. The days of onset and withdrawal simulated by the model have a similar mid-latitude connection as that obtained from the reanalysis data. The vertical structure of the Hadley cell and the horizontal position of SAH have been produced realistically during the transition of the monsoon. We found that the change in meridional position of STJ has a significant impact on phase-shifting of arrival and departure of monsoon. This repositioning of STJ in a meridional direction is strongly correlated to the upper-level high developed over the eastern periphery of the western pacific which is an important component of monsoon flow over the Bay of Bengal. Thus the zonal position of SAH is observed to have direct implications on the onset and withdrawal dates of India.
Topographical effects on the timing of growing season in alpine grasslands
Authors: Hua Xiaobin , Ohlemüller Ralf , Sirguey Pascal 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Context: It is important to understand the responses of alpine vegetation to recent anthropogenic climate change. The mountainous landscapes with high climatic heterogeneity are good locations to investigate the effects of microclimatic variation on alpine ecosystems.

Objectives: a) To what degree do topographical factors (aspect and elevation) affect the timing of growing season in alpine grasslands? b) Are these topographical effects different on alpine and non-alpine grasslands?

Methods: We extracted five annual growth phenology indices (Start, End, Length, Peak and Peak-NDVI) in alpine and non-alpine grasslands in the Clutha river catchment, New Zealand with a near-daily NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) dataset through 16 years (2001-2016). The shifting rates of these phenology indices were quantified with two topographical factors (aspect and elevation).

Results: The start of season was delayed by 7.5, 5.1 and 3.7 days per 100 m higher of elevation in three grassland types (Alpine, Tall Tussock and Low Producing) respectively, and the end of season was advanced by 1.7, 1.3 days and delayed by 0.3 days per 10-degree-south on slopes individually. The longer season length was observed at lower elevation and on north-facing (sunny) slopes. The later season peak occurred at higher elevation and on north-facing slopes. The lower peak NDVI was detected at the higher elevation.

Conclusions: In the studied grasslands, aspect and elevation were correlated to different phenological indices, and they affect phenology independently. The topographical effects are more pronounced in alpine ecosystems at the elevation above 1,300 m than in non-alpine ecosystems at lower elevation.
Assessing urban atmospheric environmental efficiency and factors influencing it in China
Authors: Liu Kai , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhang Zongbin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
With rapid urbanization and industrialization in developing countries, cities have become the major sources of air pollution. Studying urban atmospheric environmental efficiency has important reference value for the prevention and control of air pollution. This study used data from 267 cities in China between 2001 and 2016 to assess the urban atmospheric environmental efficiency using the super-efficiency slacks-based measure model, to test the spatial characteristics of urban atmospheric environmental efficiency using the spatial autocorrelation method, and to identify factors influencing it using the Geodetector. The results are as follows: (1) The atmospheric environmental efficiency of most cities in China is increasing. The average efficiency in the entire country exhibits an upward “wavy” trend. The average urban atmospheric environmental efficiency in Eastern China is the highest and that in Western China is the lowest. (2) The urban atmospheric environmental efficiency exhibits the characteristic of global spatial autocorrelation, and high–high and low–low are the main types of efficiency in local spatial autocorrelation. (3) Population density, industrialization, and science and technology are the main factors influencing urban atmospheric environmental efficiency.
Anti-aging properties of whey against brain damage of senile Wistar rat
Authors: El-Sayyad Hassan , Amin Ali , El-Beeh Mohammed E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aging of mammalian species results in impaired biological function and cognitive decline. The purpose of this study was to determine the capacity of whey supplementation to improve aging –related changes of cognitive impairment markers; tau and amyloid-B and α-amylase in the brain of old rats. These have been conducted in conjunction with histopathology, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry of apoptosis. Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats (Rattus novergicus) ages 8 and 30-M (months) old were used. They were arranged into four main groups; adult (8-month old) and old rats (30 month old) with or without buffalo whey syrup supplementation. Oral whey supplementations was given daily twice doses of 2 mL3 of whey syrup for two months. At the end of experiment, the rats were sacrificed by light anesthesia. The brain was examined for histological, immunohistochemical of synaptophysin and caspase 3 and biochemical and flow cytometric investigation. Old rats presented with depletion of superoxide dismutase (SOD), adenosine triphosphatase (ATP), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT). The 30 M old rats also presented with increased lipid peroxidation MDA, inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor- α and 5-lpooxygenase), apoptic marker caspase 3, Annexin-v and aging marker tau-protein, amyloid-β and α-amylase. The combination of these findings in old rats predicts cognitive impairment. Among old rats, whey supplementations reduced inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Whey supplementation also enhanced neurotransmitters and decreased tau-protein, amyloid-β, α- amylase cognitive impairment markers. Improved the histopathology and immunohistochemistry of cerebrum, cerebellum and hippocampus of old rats confirmed these effects of supplementation. The rates of apoptosis were decreased by assessment of Annexin v via flow cytometry. Whey supplementation to 8M old rats resulted in maintenance of the brain structure and function. The authors concluded that whey contains antioxidants and amino acids that decrease brain oxidative stress and restore normal cognitive function. These findings were evaluated by enhanced antioxidant defense and DA and 5-HT neurotransmitters which coincides with improved histology. The authors concluded that whey contains antioxidants and amino acids that decrease brain oxidative stress and restore normal cognitive function. These findings were evaluated by enhanced antioxidant defense and DA and 5-HT neurotransmitters which coincides with improved histology.
Hydraulic modeling of water flow in the thick vadose zone under precipitation
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Tonglu , Zhang Yaguo , Li Ping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Since the visual observation of water flow in the vadose zone remains a challenge, two controversial theories have been proposed, namely non-uniform preferential flow and uniform unsaturated flow, also known as piston flow. This study used a hydraulic model to illustrate water flow in a vadose zone under intermittent recharge by precipitation. The model comprises a set of vertically aligned water tanks. A small outlet is set in the bottom of each tank through which water can flow out. This study conducted a physical experiment and derived the theoretical solution to investigate variations in tank water under intermittent water recharge. Water was supplied to the top-most tank to simulate precipitation. The water levels of the upper tanks varied over time whereas water levels in the lower tanks stabilized. The variable water levels of the upper tanks were attributed to the intermittent water recharge boundary condition and water flow into and out of these tanks represented transient flow. The stabilization of water levels in the lower tanks reflected mean recharge of the boundary condition. The measured rainfall series of a site in Gansu province, China was taken as the boundary recharge to simulate using the model. The same scenarios were also produced and confirmed by in-situ monitoring data. The results clearly showed that although water content in the lower vadose zone did not change, steady flow supplied groundwater. Therefore, uniform unsaturated flow (piston flow) is the main water flow process occurring in the thick vadose zone.
Ovarian Reserve in Nigerian Women with Sickle Cell Anaemia: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Garba Sunusi-Rimi Rimi , Makwe Christian Chigozie , Osunkalu Vincent Oluseye , Kalejaiye Olufunto Olufela , Soibi-Harry Adaiah Priscillia , Aliyu Amina Umar , Afolabi Bosede Bukola 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Sickle cell disease is the most common monogenetic disorder worldwide. There have been reports of endocrine dysfunction and gonadal failure among affected individuals, especially in males. The findings on ovarian reserve and failure in women with sickle anaemia has been inconsistent.Aim and objective: The aim of this study was to determine and compare the ovarian reserve of Nigerian women with and without sickle cell anaemia attending a University Teaching Hospital.Study Design: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Adult Sickle Cell Clinic and the Community Health Clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital.Methodology: A total of 166 participants who met the selection criteria, were recruited for the study. The study population consisted of two groups of women matched for age; 83 women with HbSS and 83 women with HbAA. The haemoglobin phenotypes of each participant were determined on alkaline electrophoresis (pH 8.4) before analysis. serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) were determined using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method (Calbiotech Inc. USA, Catalog no AM448T).Results: The mean ± SD serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) level in women with HbSS 3.64 ± 0.65 ng/mL was lower than that of women with HbAA 7.35 ±1.19 ng/mL (p < 0.001). Serum AMH negatively correlated with age in both study groups (HbAA and HbSS). Also, a significant negative correlation was found between serum AMH and BMI in women with HbAA.Conclusion: The study showed diminished ovarian reserve in women with HbSS when compared to age-matched women with HbAA.
IRF1-triggered ZBP1 Transcription Mediates Cell Death of Neurons
Authors: Zhou Hongli , Liu Ji , Lu Yuting , Chen Yixin , Limpanon Yanin , Dekumyoy Paron , Wei Hang , Maleewong Wanchai , Lv Zhiyue 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease (ND) characterized by progressive neuronal cell death is closely associated with excessive production of TNF-α in the cerebrum. However, the specific molecular mechanism linking TNF-α and neuronal cell death remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we report that TNF-α-induced expression of ZBP1 plays a central role in neuronal cell death. We further demonstrate that IRF1 activates ZBP1 expression by directly binding to a core regulatory motif in the ZBP1 promoter in murine neuronal cells but not microglial cells. Moreover, the binding of IRF1 to the ZBP1 promoter causes the increase in ZBP1 expression in two human cell lines. Importantly, the expression levels of IRF1 and ZBP1 are positively correlated in TNF-α-related neurodegenerative disease, suggesting that the TNF-α-IRF1-ZBP1 axis may be a previously unrecognized mechanism of neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. Our study expands the knowledge on the upstream regulators that induce ZBP1 transcription and provides new insight into the role of ZBP1 in neurodegenerative diseases.
Disability, economic and work-role status of individuals and their families in Bangladesh, post-unilateral lower-limb amputation (LLA) and pre-rehabilitation: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sayeed Md Shapin Ibne , Oakman Jodi , Dillon Michael P. , Stuckey Rwth 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

To quantify disability, occupation and socioeconomic status of individuals and their families in Bangladesh, post-unilateral lower-limb amputation (LLA) and pre-rehabilitation.
Methods

Between November 2017 and February 2018, people with unilateral LLA attending two XXX prosthetic rehabilitation centres were surveyed prior to rehabilitation, using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS-2.0) with additional socio-economic questions. Data was analysed descriptively, and cross-tabulation conducted with Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact tests.
Results

Seventy-six individuals participated. The majority had transtibial amputation (61.8%) from trauma (64.5%), were young adults (37.92 ± 12.35 years), in paid work prior to LLA (80%), married (63.2%), male (81.6%), from rural areas (78.9%), with primary/no education (72.4%). After LLA, mobility (WHODAS score 74.61 ± 13.19) was the most negatively affected domain. Most (60.5%) participants did not return to a paid or unpaid occupation. Acute healthcare costs negatively impacted most families (89.5%), and over 80% became impoverished. Nearly 70% of previous income-earners became economically dependent resulting in changes to traditional family roles.
Conclusions

Following LLA, most participants experienced significant mobility impairment, were unable to return to paid occupation and became economically dependent. The study population presents with many different characteristics from other people with LLA globally, which suggest with timely rehabilitation a return to paid employment is possible. The impact of LLA extends beyond the individual, including to families, many of whom face challenges with changes to traditional primary earner gendered roles. Improved access to timely and affordable rehabilitation is required to reduce the significant personal and societal costs of disability after LLA.
Serum Ghrelin in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Luo Yunfeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Serum ghrelin levels have been reported to be altered in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and individuals with Mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, whether serum ghrelin can be used as a biomarker of AD is inconsistent and conflicting.
Methods

We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the serum levels of ghrelin and acylated ghrelin (AG) in patients with AD or MCI, in comparison with normal controls (NC). We searched PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from 1999 to March 2021.
Results

10 relevant studies were included for this study. 8 studies reported serum levels of ghrelin (417 AD or MCI patients and 382 controls) and 5 studies reported serum levels of AG (142 AD or MCI patients and 152 controls). We found that AD and MCI patients had a tendency toward a decrease in the serum levels of ghrelin (SMD=-1.04; 95%CI (-2.30, 0.23); P = 0.11; significant heterogeneity: I2 = 98%), but no statistical significance was found. AG levels in the serum level of AD and MCI patients were significantly higher than NC subjects (SMD = 0.99; 95%CI (0.21, 1.77); P = 0.01; significant heterogeneity: I2 = 87%).
Conclusion

This meta-analysis suggested that AG may be a potential MCI or early AD biomarker and confirmed previous findings that ghrelin became desensitized in AD patients. This meta-analysis was limited to small sample sizes and lacked of stratifying the level of heterogeneity in AD and MCI patients. More and large sample, multi-center case-control studies on the relationship between serum AG and AD or MCI patients are still needed in the future.