bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes toward deprescribing among adults with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Navid Pedram , Nguyen Linh , Jaber Diana , Zarzuela Kate , Musse Mahad , Lu Wang Marcos , Requijo Tatiana , Kozlov Elissa , Masterson Creber Ruth M. , Hilmer Sarah N. , Lachs Mark , Goyal Parag 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAttitudes toward deprescribing could vary among subpopulations. We sought to understand patient attitudes toward deprescribing among patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAcademic medical center in New York City.ParticipantsConsecutive patients with HFpEF seen in July 2018–December 2019 at a program dedicated to providing care to older adults with HFpEF.MeasurementsWe assessed the prevalence of vulnerabilities outlined in the domain management approach for caring for patients with heart failure and examined data on patient attitudes toward having their medicines deprescribed via the revised Patient Attitudes Toward Deprescribing (rPATD).ResultsAmong 134 patients with HFpEF, median age was 75 (interquartile range 69–82), 60.4% were women, and 35.8% were nonwhite. Almost all patients had polypharmacy (94.0%) and 56.0% had hyperpolypharmacy; multimorbidity (80.6%) and frailty (78.7%) were also common. Overall, 90.3% reported that they would be willing to have one or more of their medicines deprescribed if told it was possible by their doctors; and 26.9% reported that they would like to try stopping one of their medicines to see how they feel without it. Notably, 91.8% of patients reported that they would like to be involved in decisions about their medicines. In bivariate logistic regression, nonwhite participants were less likely to want to try stopping one of their medicines to see how they feel without it (odds ratio 0.25, 95% confidence interval [0.09–0.62], p = 0.005).ConclusionsPatients with HFpEF contend with many vulnerabilities that could prompt consideration for deprescribing. Most patients with HFpEF were amenable to deprescribing. Race may be an important factor that impacts patient attitudes toward deprescribing.
Greenhouse gas emissions of Norwegian seafoods: From comprehensive to simplified assessment
Authors: Ziegler Friederike , Jafarzadeh Sepideh , Skontorp Hognes Erik , Winther Ulf 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe seafood sector is facing difficulties to meet the increasing demand for product greenhouse gas emission (GHG) assessments. We quantified GHGs of important seafood products of Norway, the world's second largest seafood exporter. We present results and improvement options for products of farmed salmon and wild‐caught shrimp, king crab, cod, and herring, followed to their dominating markets, based on detailed data for 2017. To enable more frequent monitoring, without engaging in a full assessment, we then suggest a simplified approach, focusing on the main drivers of production‐related emissions. The simplified approach is used to analyze temporal trends from 2007–2017 for fisheries and 1990–2017 for salmon aquaculture. Finally, the simplified approach was compared to the comprehensive assessment for 2017 to define species‐specific upscaling factors. Results show that salmon and crustacean products in 2017 caused higher emissions than cod and herring products, with feed and fuel use being the main emission drivers, whereas airfreighted products had the highest emissions of all products. Large improvement potential from average to best performers within each production system exists. The simplified approach shows that the fuel‐use intensity of Norwegian fisheries has increased by almost 50% for shrimp over the past decade whereas it has decreased for fish by 20% for demersal species such as cod and 5–10% for pelagic species such as herring. Feed‐related emissions for salmon, on the other hand, have increased by almost 30% during the same period, because of an increasing feed conversion ratio and increased inclusion of emission‐intensive feed inputs.
Framework Fracture of Zirconia Supported Full Arch Implant Rehabilitation: A Retrospective Evaluation of Cantilever Length and Distal Cross‐Sectional Connection Area in 140 Patients Over an Up‐To‐7 Year Follow‐Up Period
Authors: Tirone Federico , Salzano Stefano , Rolando Erik , Pozzatti Laura , Rodi Donata 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the relationship between different dimensional parameters in implant‐supported monolithic zirconia fixed complete dental prostheses (IFCDPs) and the incidence of framework fracture in a large sample of cases in vivo.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective observational study evaluated all patients rehabilitated with screw‐retained zirconia IFCDPs between January 2013 and April 2019 at a private practice. The minimum follow‐up period was 1 year after occlusal loading. Fractures were classified as: type I—fractures that happened between but not involving the two most posterior screw‐access openings (SAOs) and type II—fractures of the distal cantilever. Cantilever length, distal connector cross‐sectional area, and screw access opening length were measured using data obtained from digital scans. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the relationship between types I and II fractures and the independent variables (dimensional parameters). Using the receiver operating characteristic curves, two parameters were identified to be useful for establishing a cut‐off and predicting type II fractures.ResultsA total of 180 prostheses delivered to 140 patients were analyzed. Five implants failed in three patients: three before delivery of the definitive prostheses and two after. Ten prostheses failed (5.6% prosthetic failure rate): 2 because of implant failures, and 8 because of framework fractures. Five fractures were classified as type I and three as type II. Significant associations were found between cantilever length and type I fractures (Wald = 5.772, df = 1, p = 0.016), distal connector cross‐sectional area and type II fractures (Wald = 3.806, df = 1, p = 0.051), and cantilever length and the total number of fractures (Wald = 6.117, df = 1, p = 0.013).ConclusionZirconia IFCDPs may be reliable medium‐term solutions if some dimensional parameters are followed. The ratios between the cantilever length and cross‐sectional connector area should be <0.51, while the ratio between the cantilever length and screw access opening length should be <1.48.
CHURCH UNDER LEVIATHAN
Authors: Wong Baldwin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPolitical philosophers have long disagreed on the issue of whether churches should exercise restraint in the appeal to religious reasons in public discussion and political mobilization. Exclusivists defend the restraint, whereas inclusivists reject it. Both sides, however, assume the existence of a democratic government. In this essay, I discuss whether churches should exercise restraint in a non‐democratic, authoritarian society. I defend inclusivism and believe that churches should not restrain themselves, especially when doing so can promote democracy and prevent severe injustices. First, I argue that two exclusivist arguments which justify the restraint cannot be applied in an authoritarian society. Second, I defend inclusivism because religious reasons are effective in cultivating active citizens that strengthen the democratic movement. Finally, I use the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong as an example to show how inclusivism can enhance democratic movements under authoritarianism.
Intentional and unintentional selection during plant domestication: herbivore damage, plant defensive traits and nutritional quality of fruit and seed crops
Authors: Fernandez Anahí R. , Sáez Agustín , Quintero Carolina , Gleiser Gabriela , Aizen Marcelo A. 
Published: May 2021

Summary

Greater susceptibility to herbivory can arise as an effect of crop domestication. One proposed explanation is that defenses decreased intentionally or unintentionally during the domestication process, but evidence for this remains elusive. An alternative but nonexclusive explanation is presumed selection for higher nutritional quality.

We used a metaanalytical approach to examine susceptibility to herbivores in fruit and seed crops and their wild relatives. Our analyses provide novel insights into the mechanisms of increased susceptibility by evaluating whether it can be attributed to either a reduction in herbivore defensive traits, including direct/indirect and constitutive/inducible defenses, or an increase in the nutritional content of crops.

The results confirm higher herbivory and lower levels of all types of defenses in crops compared to wild relatives, although indirect defenses were more affected than direct ones. Contrary to expectations, nutritional quality was lower in crops than in wild relatives, which may enhance biomass loss to herbivores if they increase consumption to meet nutritional requirements.

Our findings represent an important advance in our understanding of how changes in defensive and nutritional traits following domestication could influence, in combination or individually, crop susceptibility to herbivore attacks.
Genetics of non‐syndromic and syndromic oculocutaneous albinism in human and mouse
Authors: Fernández Almudena , Hayashi Masahiro , Garrido Gema , Montero Andrea , Guardia Ana , Suzuki Tamio , Montoliu Lluis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is the most frequent presentation of albinism, a heterogeneous rare genetic condition generally associated with variable alterations in pigmentation and with a profound visual impairment. There are non‐syndromic and syndromic types of OCA, depending on whether the gene product affected impairs essentially the function of melanosomes or, in addition, that of other lysosome‐related organelles (LROs), respectively. Syndromic OCA can be more severe and associated with additional systemic consequences, beyond pigmentation and vision alterations. In addition to OCA, albinism can also be presented without obvious skin and hair pigmentation alterations, in ocular albinism (OA), and a related genetic condition known as foveal hypoplasia, optic nerve decussation defects, and anterior segment dysgenesis (FHONDA). In this review, we will focus only in the genetics of skin pigmentation in OCA, both in human and mouse, updating our current knowledge on this subject.
A bio‐behavioral intervention combining task analysis with skill‐based training to train toothbrushing among children with intellectual disability
Authors: Gaunkar Ridhima , Gadiyar Akshatha , Kamath Vinayak , Nagarsekar Aradhana , Sanjeevan Vinita , Kamat Amita Kenkre 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsIndividuals with intellectual disability (ID) have special health care needs. Teaching self‐care behaviors like toothbrushing helps reduce their dependence on adult caregivers. We present a bio‐behavioral intervention combining task analysis with skill‐based teaching of toothbrushing behavior aimed to promote autonomy in children with various types of ID.MethodsOne hundred twenty children with ID enrolled at a special school in the State were included in the study. After baseline measurements using task analysis, four methods were used to train the children ‐ instruction, three‐phase modeling, physical guidance, and descriptive praise. The caregiver was trained and given instructional videos for reinforcement. After 4 weeks, the children were asked to brush their teeth and performance was evaluated.ResultsThere was increased independence in the performance of toothbrushing behavior, the mild and moderate ID groups showing the most improvement. Steps like oral manipulation of the toothbrush showed the greatest improvement in these groups. The severe ID group showed improvement in certain skills, while requiring assistance for others that demanded dexterity.ConclusionThis intervention can be implemented by special schools and special care dentistry centers to foster autonomy in oral self‐care skills in the mild and moderate ID children, and complemented with other methods for severe ID children.
Reference data for hop tests used in pediatric ACL injury rehabilitation: A cross‐sectional study of healthy children
Authors: Warming Susan , Alkjær Tine , Herzog Robert Bennike , Lundgaard‐Nielsen Mathilde , Zebis Mette Kreutzfeldt 
Published: May 2021

In rehabilitation, four single‐leg hop tests are frequently used for evaluation of ACL‐injured children. However, reference values on single‐leg hop performance and the corresponding limb symmetry indexes (LSIs) of healthy children younger than 15 years of age are lacking. Thus, the purpose was to describe hop performance and LSIs in healthy Danish children, and to quantify the proportion of participants passing LSI values of ≥85% as well as ≥90%. Healthy children aged 9–15 years were invited to participate in the study. Hop performance (single hop, 6‐m timed hop, triple hop, and cross‐over hop) was assessed for each leg for each hop test and expressed as absolute, normalized (to body height), and LSI values. Descriptive statistics were applied to calculate mean ±SD for all outcomes within age and gender groups. Further, the 95% reference interval was calculated for each age and gender group. A total of 531 healthy children (52% girls) were included in the study, representing seven age groups (9‐15 years). The LSI group means across all participants for the four hop tests ranged between 84 and 95%. Between 70 and 83% of the children had an LSI of ≥85%, while 50 to 65% of the children had an LSI of ≥90%. The present reference material can be used in clinical practice when evaluating hop performance in pediatric ACL patients.
Histological and immunohistochemical investigation of canine prostate carcinoma with identification of common intraductal carcinoma component
Authors: de Brot Simone , Lothion‐Roy Jennifer , Grau‐Roma Llorenç , White Emily , Guscetti Franco , Rubin Mark A. , Mongan Nigel P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA limited number of species, including men and dogs, spontaneously develop prostate cancer (PC). The histological and molecular relevance of canine PC as a model for the disease in men remains controversial. To address this challenge, this study aimed to assess the histomorphology and expression of basal cell, urothelial and neuroendocrine markers [p63, high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMWCK), Uroplakin 3 (UPIII), neuron‐specific enolase (NSE)] in canine PC (n = 41). Based on histomorphology, 10/41 (24%), 21/41 (51%) and 9/41 (22%) were classified as adenocarcinoma (AC), urothelial carcinoma (UC), and mixed carcinoma, respectively. Tumour inflammation was common, frequently severe [20/41 (49%)], and associated with neutering (p < .02) and urothelial differentiation (p < .02). Most (36/40, 90%) cancers contained only rare cells with basal cell marker expression or were negative. The expression of UPIII was absent or weak in the majority (33/38, 87%) of tumours, with moderate to strong staining in the remaining cases. NSE expression in PC was rare and limited to 2/14 (14%) cases. Tumour extension into benign ducts and glands was a common finding with presence in 17/39 (44%) of carcinomas with and without urothelial differentiation. In conclusion, we confirm that canine PC is characterized by absent or weak expression of basal cell and urothelial markers. Although rare, NSE expression, potentially indicating neuroendocrine differentiation, is reported for the first time in canine PCa. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate with concurrent invasive PCa (IDCP‐inv) is a frequent, not previously described, finding in dogs with PC.
Genetic drift of MERS‐CoV in Saudi Arabia during 2012–2019
Authors: Pan Yuan‐Qing , Guo Fan , Bahoussi Amina Nawal , Shi Rui‐Zhu , Li Ya‐Qian , Xing Li 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMiddle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is caused by MERS‐CoV that infects both human and camel. Camel is supposed to be the natural reservoir for human infection while the sources for most of the primary human infection cases are still not known. We identified two conserved pyrimidine nucleotides that flank UAAU element in MERS‐CoV 5'‐UTR. These conserved pyrimidine nucleotides distinguish MERS‐CoVs into 3 types, that is, UUAAUU, CUAAUU and CUAAUC (referred to as U‐‐‐‐U, C‐‐‐‐U, and C‐‐‐‐C types, respectively). Human MERS‐CoV displays a genetic drift from U‐‐‐‐U, C‐‐‐‐U, to C‐‐‐‐C from 2012 to 2019. Camel virus displays a genetic drift from U‐‐‐‐U to C‐‐‐‐U with a time lag when compared with human virus. The discrepancy in genetic drift seems not to support the notion that camel serves as the only natural reservoir for human infection.
Increasing SERCA function promotes initiation of calcium sparks and breakup of calcium waves
Authors: Sato Daisuke , Uchinoumi Hitoshi , Bers Donald M. 
Published: May 2021

Key points
Increasing sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) pump activity enhances sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium (Ca) load, which increases both ryanodine receptor opening and driving force of Ca release flux.
Both of these effects promote Ca spark formation and wave propagation.
However, increasing SERCA activity also accelerates local cytosolic Ca decay as the wave front travels to the next cluster, which limits wave propagation.
As a result, increasing SERCA pump activity has a biphasic effect on the propensity of arrhythmogenic Ca waves, but a monotonic effect to increase Ca spark frequency and amplitude.
AbstractWaves of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium (Ca) release can cause arrhythmogenic afterdepolarizations in cardiac myocytes. Ca waves propagate when Ca sparks at one Ca release unit (CRU) recruit new Ca sparks in neighbouring CRUs. Under normal conditions, Ca sparks are too small to recruit neighbouring Ca sparks where Ca sensitivity is also low. However, under pathological conditions such as a Ca overload or ryanodine receptor (RyR) sensitization, Ca sparks can be larger and propagate more readily as macro‐sparks or full Ca waves. Increasing SERCA pump activity promotes SR Ca load, which promotes RyR opening and increases driving force of the Ca release flux from SR to cytosol, promoting Ca waves. However, high sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) activity can also decrease local cytosolic [Ca] as it approaches the next CRU, thereby reducing wave appearance and propagation. In this study, we use a physiologically detailed model of subcellular Ca cycling and experiments in phospholamban‐knockout mice, to show how Ca waves are initiated and propagate and how different conditions contribute to the generation and propagation of Ca waves. We show that reducing diffusive coupling between Ca sparks by increasing SERCA activity prevents Ca waves by reducing [Ca] at the next CRU, as do Ca buffers, low intra‐SR Ca diffusion and distance between CRUs. Increasing SR Ca uptake rate has a biphasic effect on Ca wave propagation; initially it enhances Ca spark probability and amplitude and CRU coupling, thereby promoting arrhythmogenic Ca wave propagation, but at higher levels SR Ca uptake can abort those arrhythmogenic Ca waves.
Emerging roles for kisspeptin in metabolism
Authors: Izzi‐Engbeaya Chioma , Dhillo Waljit S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKisspeptin, a neuropeptide hormone, has been firmly established as a key regulator of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and mammalian reproductive behaviour. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has emerged suggesting a role for kisspeptin in regulating metabolic processes. This data suggest that kisspeptin exerts its metabolic effects indirectly via gonadal hormones and/or directly via the kisspeptin receptor in the brain, pancreas and brown adipose tissue. Kisspeptin receptor knockout studies indicate that kisspeptin may play sexually dimorphic roles in the physiological regulation of energy expenditure, food intake and body weight. Some, but not all, in vitro work demonstrates positive effects on glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion, which is more marked at higher kisspeptin concentrations. Acute and chronic in vivo rodent, non‐human primate and human studies reveal enhancement of glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion in response to pharmacological doses of kisspeptin. Although significant progress has been made in elucidating the metabolic effects of kisspeptin, further mechanistic work and translational studies are required to address unanswered questions and establish the metabolic effects of kisspeptin in diverse human populations (including women, people with obesity and people with diabetes).
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Dynamic Invariance in Near-Field Acoustic Levitation
Authors: Elie Nicolas , Blouin Antoinette , Brunetière Noël 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
It is possible to levitate a mass by vibrating a flat disk located under the mass. This near-field acoustic levitation is particularly useful for eliminating friction between moving objects. This paper presents an experimental and theoretical study of the dynamic behavior of a levitating mass for different magnitudes of oscillation of the flat disk. The magnitude of the vibration of the mass appears to be independent of the amplitude of the vibration of the disk over a range of two orders of magnitude. This unusual behavior is due to the simultaneous changes of the stiffness of the air film and the natural frequency of the system as the plate vibration is changed. As the plate oscillation is reduced, the distance to resonance decreases, allowing an increase of the ratio of the output to input signals in such a way that the output remains constant. This result can be useful for improving the energy efficiency of the levitation.
High-Frequency Guided Wave Propagation and Scattering in Silicon Wafers
Authors: Robyr Jean-Luc , Mathieu Simon , Masserey Bernard , Fromme Paul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Thin monocrystalline silicon wafers are employed for the manufacturing of solar cells with high conversion efficiency. Micro-cracks can be induced by the wafer cutting process, leading to breakage of the fragile wafers. High-frequency guided waves allow for the monitoring of wafers and detection and characterization of surface defects. The material anisotropy of the monocrystalline silicon leads to variations of the guided wave characteristics, depending on the guided wave mode and propagation direction relative to the crystal orientation. Selective excitation of the first antisymmetric A0 wave mode at 5 MHz center frequency was achieved experimentally using a custom-made wedge transducer. Strong wave pulses with limited beam skewing and widening were measured using noncontact laser interferometer measurements. This allowed the accurate characterization of the Lamb wave propagation and scattering at small artificial surface defects with a size of less than 100 µm. The surface extent of the defects of varying size was characterized using an optical microscope. The scattered guided wave field was evaluated, and characteristic parameters were extracted and correlated with the defect size, allowing in principle detection of small defects. Further investigations are required to explain the systematic asymmetry of the guided wave field in the vicinity of the indents.