bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B3galt5 Deficiency Attenuates Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Suppressing mTOR/p70s6k-Mediated Glycolysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoling , Liu Hao , Zhao Rongjie , Lu Qian , Wang Haidong , Liu Yunlong , Han Yicheng , Ren Lulu , Pan Hongming , Han Weidong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies with high morbidity and mortality. Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 5 (b3galt5) plays crucial roles in protein glycosylation, but its function in HCC remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role and underlying mechanism of b3galt5 in HCC. Methods: B3galt5 expression was measured by western blotting in HCC patient specimens. The role of b3galt5 in hepatocarcinogenesis was determined by cell function assays and diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/TCPOBOP-induced mice HCC models. We performed metabolomics analysis and proteomic sequencing of liver cancer cells from b3galt5-knockdown mice. The glycolysis was detected by Seahorse XF96 extracellular flux analyzer.Results: B3galt5 is highly expressed and associated with a poor prognosis in HCC patients. In vitro studies showed that b3galt5 promoted the proliferation and survival of HCC cells. We also demonstrated that b3galt5 deficiency suppressed hepatocarcinogenesis in DEN/TCPOBOP-induced HCC. Further investigation confirmed that b3galt5 promoted aerobic glycolysis in HCC. Mechanistically, b3galt5 promoted glycolysis by activating the mTOR/p70s6k pathway through N-linked glycosylation modification. Moreover, p70s6k inhibition reduced the expression of key glycolytic enzymes and the glycolysis rate in b3galt5-overexpressing cells. Conclusions: Our study uncovers a novel mechanism by which b3galt5 mediates glycolysis in HCC and highlights the b3galt5-mTOR/p70s6k axis as a potential target for HCC therapy.
Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Relieve Postoperative Abdominal Adhesion By Activating the MAPK-ERK 1/2 and PI3K-Akt Pathways
Authors: Shi Manyu , Liu Hengchen , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Mingzhao , Tang Xin , Zhang Zenan , Yang Shulong , Lu Wenjun , Jiang Zhitao , Cui Qingbo , Li Zhaozhu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential for peritoneal repair and regeneration. However, the roles of exosomes (Exos) derived from MSCs are not well understood. Therefore, our aim was to elucidate the therapeutic effect of MSC-derived Exos on peritoneal injury. Methods: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-derived Exos (ADSC-Exos) were isolated using ultracentrifugation and then injected through the tail vein. Rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs) were extracted using enzymatic digestion of the peritoneal cavity. Postsurgical adhesions were brought on by scratching rat cecums. The anti-adhesion effects of ADSC-Exos in rats were evaluated using the Nair’s scoring system at 8 and 15 days after abdominal surgery. In addition, the levels of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in rat peritoneal fluid were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays at 8 days after operation. Expression differences in inflammatory and apoptotic markers were detected using immunofluorescence at 4 days after surgery. H&E staining and immunohistochemistry were employed to observe histological changes and expression changes of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related indices after 15 days. In vitro, ADSC-Exo-driven RPMC proliferation was assessed via 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine assay. Cell migration was determined using scratch-wound and transwell assays. Related signaling networks were estimated based on sequencing and bioinformatics analyses. The roles of the MAPK-ERK1/2 and PI3K-Akt signaling networks were analyzed using immunoblotting.Results: ADSC-Exos were incorporated into RPMCs, where they induced cell proliferation and migration in proportion to dosage. This was likely mediated via stimulation of the MAPK-ERK 1/2 and PI3K-Akt axes. In vivo, the ADSC-Exos group had a lower adhesion score than the control group at 15 days. At postoperative day 4, inflammation and apoptosis were markedly inhibited by ADSC-Exos. At 8 days, ADSC-Exos treatment decreased PAI-1 expression and increased tPA expression in peritoneal fluid. At 15 days, ADSC-Exos potentially helped regulate the ECM balance.Conclusions: ADSC-Exos may promote the healing of injured peritoneal tissue, suggesting a promising therapeutic approach for peritoneal adhesions.
Histopathology and Ultrastructural Findings of Fatal COVID-19 Infections in Kurdistan Province, Iran: A Case Series
Authors: Nikkhoo Bahram , Nasseri Karim , Rasouli Mohammad Aziz , Moasses-Ghafari Bahar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and is the cause of an ongoing pandemic, with increasing deaths worldwide. Here in we present the results of the histopathological study of the main organs of 25 patients who died due to confirmed COVID-19.Methods: In this case series, patients base on needle necropsy of multiple organs of dead patients with a positive antemortem SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) real time PCR. Needle necropsy of corpses of 25 patients enrolling the study were performed until 3 hours after death in the negative-pressure isolation morgue who hospitalized at Kurdistan University of medical sciences Tohid and Kowsar hospitals with proved COVID-19 infection and were died due to severe disease manifestations.Results: The mean age of the participants in this study was 74.68 ± 9.41 (52–91) years old. The participants included 19 men (76%) and 6 women (24%). In myocardial necropsy, twelve patients were reported to be lymphocytic myocarditis, three of them were reported to have pericarditis as well, and in one case focal visual fibrosis was reported. Histopathological examinations of liver revealed that among twenty-two samples, five cases had acute hepatitis that four of them were mild in type. Steatohepatitis was reported in six cases and two of them were macrovesicular in type. Macrovesicular Steatosis was reported along with steatohepatitis and stage 4 fibrosis through trichrome staining. Muscles necropsy revealed viral myositis for three patients.Conclusions: Our study shows extra-pulmonary multi organ involvement through COVID-19 disease. 77% of patients representing acute or chronic hepatitis and 48% of them revealed lymphocytic myocarditis accompanied with pericarditis in 12% of cases and 12% of patient’s show myositis. It looks diffuse inflammatory disease which attacks to some organs like myocardium, liver and muscles. Broad extra pulmonary pathology and laboratory findings are occurred that all suggestive of multi organ involvement directly or through systemic viremia and immune system response.
Mechanistic Approaches to the Light-Induced Neural Cell Differentiation: Photobiomodulation vs Low-Dose Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Topaloglu Nermin , Bakay Emel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are the results of irreversible damages in the neuronal cells by affecting vital functions temporarily or even permanently. The use of light for the treatment of these diseases is an emerging promising innovative method. Photobiomodulation (PBM) and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) are the modalities that have a wide range of use in medicine and have opposite purposes, biostimulation and cell death respectively. In this study, we aimed to compare these two modalities (PDT and PBM) at low-level intensities and create a stimulatory effect on the differentiation of PC12 cells. Three different energy densities (1, 3, and 5 J/cm 2 ) were used in PBM and Chlorin e6-mediated PDT applications upon irradiation with 655-nm laser light.The light-induced differentiation profile of PC12 cells was analyzed by morphological examinations, qRT-PCR, cell viability assay, and some mechanistic approaches such as; the analysis of intracellular ROS production, NO release, and mitochondrial membrane potential change. It has been observed that both of these modalities were successful at neural cell differentiation. PBM at 1 J/cm 2 and low-dose PDT at 3 J/cm 2 energy densities provided the best differentiation profiles which were proved by the over-expressions of SYN-1 and GAP43 genes. It was also observed that intracellular ROS production and NO release had pivotal roles in these mechanisms with more cell differentiation obtained especially in low-dose PDT application. It can be concluded that light-induced mechanisms with properly optimized light parameters have the capacity for neural cell regeneration and thus, can be a successful treatment for incurable neurodegenerative diseases.
Temporal phenomic predictions from unoccupied aerial systems can outperform genomic predictions
Authors: Adak Alper , Murray Seth C. , Anderson Steven L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A major challenge of genetic improvement and selection is to accurately predict individuals with the highest fitness in a population without direct measurement. Over the last decade genomic predictions (GP) based on genome-wide markers have become reliable and routine. Now phenotyping technologies, including unoccupied aerial systems (UAS also known as drones), can characterize individuals with a data depth comparable to genomics when used throughout growth. This study, for the first time, demonstrated that the prediction power of temporal UAS phenomic data can achieve or exceed that of genomic data. UAS data containing red-green-blue (RGB) bands over fifteen growth time points and multispectral (RGB, red-edge and near infrared) bands over twelve time points were compared across 280 unique maize hybrids. Through cross validation of untested genotypes in tested environments (CV2), temporal phenomic prediction (TPP) outperformed GP (0.80 vs 0.71); TPP and GP performed similarly in three other cross validation scenarios. Genome wide association mapping using area under temporal curves of vegetation indices (VIs) revealed 24.5 percent of a total of 241 discovered loci (59 loci) had associations with multiple VIs, explaining up to 51 percent of grain yield variation, less than GP and TPP predicted. This suggests TPP, like GP, integrates small effect loci well improving plant fitness predictions. More importantly, temporal phenomic prediction appeared to work successfully on unrelated individuals unlike genomic prediction.
scONE-seq: A one-tube single-cell multi-omics method enables simultaneous dissection of molecular phenotype and genotype heterogeneity from frozen tumors
Authors: Wu Angela , Yu Lei , Wang Xinlei , Mu Quanhua , Tam Sindy , Loi Danson , Chan Aden , Poon Wai Sang , Ng Ho-Keung , Chan Danny , Wang Jiguang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Genomic and transcriptomic heterogeneity both play important roles in normal cellular function as well as in disease development. To be able to characterize these different forms of cellular heterogeneity in diverse sample types, we developed scONE-seq, which enables simultaneous transcriptome and genome profiling in a one-tube reaction. Previous single-cell-whole-genome-RNA-sequencing (scWGS-RNA-seq) methods require physical separation of DNA and RNA, often by physical separation of the nucleus from the cytoplasm. These methods are labor-intensive and technically demanding, time-consuming, or require special devices, and they are not applicable to frozen samples that cannot generate intact single-cell suspensions. scONE-seq is a one-tube reaction, thus is highly scalable and is the first scWGS-RNA-seq method compatible with frozen biobanked tissue. We benchmarked scONE-seq against existing methods using cell lines and lymphocytes from a healthy donor, and we applied it to a 2-year-frozen astrocytoma sample profiling over 1,200 nuclei, subsequently identifying a unique transcriptionally normal-like tumor clone. scONE-seq makes it possible to perform large-scale single-cell multi-omics interrogation with ease on the vast quantities of biobanked tissue, which could transform the scale of future multi-omics single-cell cancer profiling studies.
Explanation of frequency distinguishing in human ear (using computer model)
Authors: Ostrowski Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The inspiration for this model ware possibilities of the human ear to distinguish the frequency of sounds and a diffraction grating. Detection takes place after max. 15 length of the wave (arbitrary choice). The range of frequencies to detect for tests – 800-3200 Hz: detection every 5 Hz in the range 800-1600 Hz and 10 Hz in the range 1600-3200 Hz (arbitrary choice). It can explain the residual hearing effect (missing tone f is heard when harmonic tones 2f, 3f and 4f are played). The algorithm can be used as an alternative for FFT. Model uses only memory for delay line end for results, and adding operation, so it should be fast and cheep, and can work on-line in real-time. Testing program was written in Perl.
A Detailed Biological Approach on Hormonal Imbalance Causing Depression in Critical Periods (Postpartum, Postmenopausal and Perimenopausal Depression) in Adult Women
Authors: Saraswat Nikita , Wal Pranay , Pal Rashmi S. , Wal Ankita , Pal Yogendra , Roohi Tamsheel F. 
Published: October 2021

Background:In today's global world, most women are experiencing midlife health problems which can affect their lives and mental status. Most of the diseases occurr after childbirth and during pregnancy or gestation period which can lead to severe problems such as postpartum depression (PPD), postmenopausal depression, perimenopausal depression which ultimately affects the mental health condition and develop various depressive episodes which ultimately lead to depression in women.Objective:The review paper gives the information that if there is untreated maternal depression then it can lead to anxiety, fear, negative effect on child development, disruption of the mother-infant relationship, and the occurrence of depressive symptoms in the early life of infants. Hormone levels are changed at the time of pregnancy.Methods:The data was collected by studying combination of research and review papers from different databases like PubMed, Medline, and Web of science by using search keywords like “Postpartum depression”, “Postmenopausal depression”, “Risk factors”, “Pathogenesis of PPD”, “Predictors of postpartum depression”.Results:This can lead to disrupting the quality of life of menopausal women like deficiency of nutrients, not properly regular physical activities, elevated Body Mass Index (BMI), loss of libido (loss of interest in sexual activities), due to the lack of education, and awareness among the people. Factors like increase in physical activity can naturally help in PPD condition. Mind body therapy, drug therapy and cognitive and mindfulness-based therapies help in hormonal imbalances.Conclusion:It was found that low birth weight and congenital abnormalities in babies lead to affect depression after delivery. It is recommended that health care providers and physicians are provided with information regarding factors contributing PPD and postmenopausal depression. Sleep timings and consumptions of nutraceuticals can help in natural healing with depression amongst women suffering from postpartum, postmenopausal and perimenopausal depression.
Smoking Protective and Risk Factors Among Transgender and Gender-Expansive Individuals (Project SPRING): Qualitative Study Using Digital Photovoice
Authors: Tan Andy SL , Gazarian Priscilla K , Darwish Sabreen , Hanby Elaine , Farnham Bethany C , Koroma-Coker Faith A , Potter Jennifer , Ballout Suha 
Published: October 2021

Background
Transgender and gender-expansive (TGE) adults are twice as likely to smoke cigarettes than cisgender individuals. There is a critical gap in research on effective and culturally sensitive approaches to reduce smoking prevalence among TGE adults.

Objective
This study aims to qualitatively examine the risk and protective factors of cigarette smoking among TGE adults through real-world exemplars.

Methods
We conducted a digital photovoice study among a purposeful sample of 47 TGE adults aged ≥18 years and currently smoking in the United States (March 2019-April 2020). Participants uploaded photos daily that depicted smoking risk and protective factors they experienced over 21 days on either private Facebook or Instagram groups. Next, we conducted separate focus group discussions to explore the experiences of these factors among a subset of participants from each group. We analyzed participants’ photos, captions, and focus group transcripts and generated themes associated with smoking risk and protective factors.

Results
We identified 6 major themes of risk and protective factors of smoking among TGE individuals: experience of stress, gender affirmation, health consciousness, social influences, routine behaviors, and environmental cues. We describe and illustrate each theme using exemplar photos and quotes.

Conclusions
The findings of this study will inform future community-engaged research to develop culturally tailored interventions to reduce smoking prevalence among TGE individuals.
Internet-Based Audiologist-Guided Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Tinnitus: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: W Beukes Eldré , Andersson Gerhard , Fagelson Marc , Manchaiah Vinaya 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundTinnitus is a symptom that can be very distressing owing to hearing sounds not related to any external sound source. Managing tinnitus is notoriously difficult, and access to evidence-based care is limited. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a tinnitus management strategy with the most evidence of effectiveness but is rarely offered to those distressed by tinnitus. The provision of internet-based CBT for tinnitus overcomes accessibility barriers; however, it is not currently readily available in the United States.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of internet-based CBT compared with that of weekly monitoring for the management of tinnitus in reducing tinnitus distress; reducing tinnitus-related comorbidities, including tinnitus cognitions, insomnia, anxiety, and depression; and assessing the stability of the intervention effects 2 months after the intervention.MethodsA 2-arm randomized clinical trial comparing audiologist-guided internet-based CBT (n=79) to a weekly monitoring group (n=79) with a 2-month follow-up assessed the efficacy of internet-based CBT. Eligible participants included adults seeking help for tinnitus. Recruitment was conducted on the web using an open-access website. Participants were randomized via 1:1 allocation, but blinding was not possible. The study was undertaken by English or Spanish speakers on the web. The primary outcome was a change in tinnitus distress as measured using the Tinnitus Functional Index. Secondary outcome measures included anxiety, depression, insomnia, tinnitus cognition, hearing-related difficulties, and quality of life.ResultsInternet-based CBT led to a greater reduction in tinnitus distress (mean 36.57, SD 22) compared with that in weekly monitoring (mean 46.31, SD 20.63; effect size: Cohen d=0.46, 95% CI 0.14-0.77) using an intention-to-treat analysis. For the secondary outcomes, there was a greater reduction in negative tinnitus cognition and insomnia. The results remained stable over the 2-month follow-up period. No important adverse events were observed. Further, 16% (10/158) of participants withdrew, with low overall compliance rates for questionnaire completion of 72.3% (107/148) at T1, 61% (91/148) at T2, and 42% (62/148) at T3.ConclusionsThis study is the first to evaluate and indicate the efficacy of audiologist-delivered internet-based CBT in reducing tinnitus distress in a US population. It was also the first study to offer internet-based CBT in Spanish to accommodate the large Hispanic population in the United States. The results have been encouraging, and further work is indicated in view of making such an intervention applicable to a wider population. Further work is required to improve compliance and attract more Spanish speakers.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04004260; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04004260
Sergio Pitol y Fabio Morábito: la autofiguración como decentramiento del autor
Authors: Salazar Jezreel 
Published: October 2021

Este artículo reflexiona sobre la figura autoral en México a partir de dos escritores mexicanos que han elaborado, en los últimos años, obras de carácter autobiográfico: Sergio Pitol y Fabio Morábito. A partir de un análisis de El mago de Viena (2005) y El idioma materno (2014), se muestra cómo ambos autores ponen en duda las convenciones clásicas de la autobiografía y al mismo tiempo producen espacios textuales difíciles de clasificar, lo que contribuye a una noción disgregada de la identidad, una epistemología de la complejidad y una puesta en duda de las jerarquías autorales de la narración. Estas retóricas autobiográficas inestables (y las formas de figuración autocríticas que proyectan) implican representaciones diferenciadas del descentramiento del intelectual en el campo cultural mexicano, y contribuyen a modificar el estatuto jerárquico y narcisista del escritor.
Effect of Linearly Varying Heating Inside a Square Cavity under Natural Convection
Authors: KUMAR R AJITH , M Kunjunni 
Published: October 2021

Telecommunication devices such as ADSL Modems or Wi-Fi routers are being widely used around the globe. Thermal management of such equipments are of critical importance as the increased power consumptions caused by technological upgrades results in increased heat generation within these systems. The heat transfer process inside such sealed and passively cooled equipments can be simplified as natural convection inside enclosures. Studying actual conditions inside electronic enclosure are necessary for their effective thermal management. This study aims at investigating the effect of non-isothermal heating inside such enclosures with linearly varying temperature distribution on free convection inside square enclosure. The issue of free convection of air interior of a square chamber with linearly varying temperature distributions on the left partition is studied numerically. The effect of change of Rayleigh number, temperature distributions, on flow and temperature field and rate of transfer of heat are analysed. Rayleigh number is chosen to vary in between 103 and 106. Four different cases of linearly varying temperature distributions are considered. The outcomes are presented as stream line plot, isotherm contour and average Nusselt number. The outcomes depicted that case of linearly increasing temperature along the height gives higher Nusselt number than other cases.