bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in treatment and survival between elderly patients with thoracic esophageal cancer in metropolitan areas and other areas
Authors: Motoyama Satoru , Maeda Eri , Iijima Katsunori , Anbai Akira , Sato Yusuke , Wakita Akiyuki , Nagaki Yushi , Fujita Hiromu , Minamiya Yoshihiro , Higashi Takahiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo address the major issue of regional disparity in the treatment for elderly cancer patients in an aging society, we compared the treatment strategies used for elderly patients with thoracic esophageal cancer and their survival outcomes in metropolitan areas and other regions. Using the national database of hospital‐based cancer registries in 2008‐2011, patients aged 75 years or older who had been diagnosed with thoracic esophageal cancer were enrolled. We divided the patients into two groups: those treated in metropolitan areas (Tokyo, Kanagawa, Osaka, Aichi, Saitama, and Chiba prefectures) with populations of 6 million or more and those treated in other areas (the other 41 prefectures). Compared were patient backgrounds, treatment strategies, and survival curves at each cancer stage. In total, 1236 (24%) patients from metropolitan areas and 3830 (76%) patients from nonmetropolitan areas were enrolled. Patients in metropolitan areas were treated at more advanced stages. There was also a difference in treatment strategy. The 3‐year survival rate among cStage I patients was better in metropolitan areas (71.6% vs. 63.7%), and this finding mainly reflected the survival difference between patients treated with radiotherapy alone. For cStage II‐IV patients, there were no differences. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis including interaction terms between treatment areas, cStage, and the first‐line treatments revealed that treatments in the metropolitan areas were significantly associated with better survival among patients treated with radiotherapy alone for cStage I cancer. Treatment strategies for elderly patients with thoracic esophageal cancer and its survival outcomes differed between metropolitan areas and other regions.
Health experience outcomes of a health promotion project for middle school pupils in Sweden
Authors: Nilsson Lindström Petra , Khalaf Atika , Bringsén Åsa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim was to examine middle school‐aged pupils’ participation in an action‐oriented school health promotion project and investigate its effects on their health experience, learning and influence. A survey was sent eight times to middle school‐aged pupils (n = 105). A descriptive analysis with group comparisons was followed by a regression analysis. Health differences were found between gender and age. Aspects of pupil influence and learning about health showed positive progression during the project. Satisfaction with school performance was most associated with health experience. Thus, health experience, gender, and age are factors to consider when planning similar health promotion projects in schools.
Prioritizing the vulnerable over the susceptible for COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Paloyo Siegfredo R. , Caballes Alvin B. , Hilvano‐Cabungcal Ana Melissa , De Castro Leonardo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic led to a health crisis with widespread social and economic adverse effects. To address the fallout, vaccine development has been pursued in record time. Several vaccines have already been deployed in countries worldwide, but as the supply is limited, these have been provided selectively. Various allocation schemes, premised on ensuring an equitable distribution, have prioritized the elderly, given their apparent susceptibility. For the Philippines and possibly other countries with extremely limited supplies, the elderly need not always be given primary preference. The level of available supplies can be so low that the immediate focus of allocation should be on mitigating both infection and transmission. The proposed alternative vaccine allocation framework gives priority to groups rendered more vulnerable, such as those who are unable to avoid prolonged exposure to possibly infected people because of medical necessity or occupational conditions. Vulnerable groups include healthcare and other essential workers as well as patients requiring continued healthcare services. The proposed allocation scheme is meant to be complementary to concurrent public health measures, which have to be maintained though made less restrictive as the pandemic is brought under control.
Reconstructing the Cross: Fragile Crucifixion and Immigrant Survivors of Domestic Violence
Authors: Theuring Ashley 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article reimagines the significance of Jesus’ crucifixion through the layered lens of suffering experienced by immigrant survivors of domestic violence. Towards this end, the article begins with an overview of the compounding systems of oppression, immigration, and domestic violence. Next, the author outlines and deconstructs several classical theologies of the cross in light of gender, trauma, and suffering. Finally, the author suggests a reconstruction of the cross as a “fragile crucifixion,” which looks at suffering and crucifixion as both upheld by humans through empire and subverted by humans through liberative practices.
Foreign aid, public investment, and the informal economy
Authors: Chatterjee Santanu , Kelly Mark C. , Turnovsky Stephen J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the absorption of foreign aid in the presence of formal and informal production. Calibrating a two‐sector open economy model to 67 aid‐recipient countries for 1990–2019, we show that an increase in foreign aid drives resources into the informal sector, and away from the formal sector. With untied aid, the expansion of the informal sector can lead to an economic contraction through the Dutch Disease effect. An economic expansion with an increase in the share of formal production can be attained by re‐allocating existing aid to public investment rather than an increase in the aggregate level of aid.
MadingleyR: An R package for mechanistic ecosystem modelling
Authors: Hoeks Selwyn , Tucker Marlee A. , Huijbregts Mark A. J. , Harfoot Mike B. J. , Bithell Mike , Santini Luca 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimMechanistic general ecosystem models are used to explore fundamental ecological dynamics and to assess possible consequences of anthropogenic and natural disturbances on ecosystems. The Madingley model is a mechanistic general ecosystem model (GEM) that simulates a coherent global ecosystem, consisting of photo‐autotrophic and heterotrophic life, based on fundamental ecological processes. The C++ implementation of the Madingley model delivers fast computational performance, but it (a) limits the userbase to researchers that are familiar with the intricacies of C++ programming, (b) has limited possibility to change model settings and provide model outputs required to address specific research questions, and (c) has limited reproducibility of simulation experiments. The aim of this paper is to present an R package of the Madingley model to aid with increasing the accessibility and flexibility of the model.InnovationThe MadingleyR R package streamlines the installation procedure and supports all major operating systems. MadingleyR enables users to combine multiple consecutive simulations, making case study specific modifications to MadingleyR objects along the way. Default input files are available from the package and study‐specific inputs can be easily loaded from the R environment. MadingleyR also provides functions to plot and summarize MadingleyR outputs. We provide a comprehensive description of the MadingleyR functions and workflow. We also demonstrate the applicability of the MadingleyR package using three case studies: (a) simulating the cascading effects of the loss of mega‐herbivores on food‐web structure, (b) simulating the impacts of increased land‐use intensity on the total biomass of different feeding guilds by restricting the total vegetation biomass available for feeding and (c) simulating the impacts of an intensive land‐use scenario on a continental scale.Main conclusionsThe MadingleyR package provides direct accessibility to simulations with the mechanistic ecosystem model Madingley and is flexible in its application without a loss in performance.
Telehealth model of care for outpatient inflammatory bowel disease care in the setting of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Shah Rushab , Wright Emily , Tambakis George , Holmes Jacinta , Thompson Alexander , Connell William , Lust Mark , Niewiadomski Ola , Kamm Michael , Basnayake Chamara , Ding John 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) monitoring, greater number of available treatments and a shift towards tight disease control, IBD care has become more dynamic with regular follow ups.AimsWe assessed the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on outpatient IBD patient care at a tertiary centre in Melbourne. More specifically, we assessed patient satisfaction with a telehealth model of care, failure to attend rates at IBD clinics and work absenteeism prior to and during the pandemic.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, qualitative analysis to assess our aims through an online survey. We invited patients who attended an IBD outpatient clinic from April to June 2020 to participate. This study was conducted at a single, tertiary referral hospital in Melbourne. The key data points that we analysed were patient satisfaction with a telehealth model of care and the effect of telehealth clinics on work absenteeism.ResultsOne hundred and nineteen (88.1%) patients were ‘satisfied’ or ‘very satisfied’ with the care received in the telehealth clinic. Eighty‐four (60.4%) patients reported needing to take time off work to attend a face‐to‐face appointment, compared to 29 (20.9%) patients who needed to take time off work to attend telehealth appointments (P < 0.001). Clinic non‐attendance rates were similar prior to and during the pandemic with rates of 11.4% and 10.4% respectively (P = 0.840).ConclusionsPatients report high levels of satisfaction with a telehealth model of care during the COVID‐19 pandemic, with clinic attendance rates not being affected. Telehealth appointments significantly reduced work absenteeism when compared to traditional face‐to‐face clinics.
Supporting cancer care clinicians to ‘hold’ their patients during and beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic: a role for reflective ethics discussions
Authors: Delany Clare , Benhamu Joanne , McDougall Rosalind , Ko Danielle , Jones Hayley , Mileshkin Linda , Largey Geraldine , Clinch Alex , Heynemann Sarah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has placed an overwhelming burden on healthcare delivery globally. This paper examines how COVID‐19 has affected cancer care clinicians' capacity to deliver cancer care in the Australian context. We use the lens of ‘holding patients’ (drawing from attachment theory, psychology and from Australian Indigenous knowledge) to conceptualise cancer clinicians' processes of care and therapeutic relationships with patients. These notions of ‘holding’ resonate with the deep responsibility cancer care clinicians feel towards their patients. They enrich ethical language beyond duties to benefit, avoid harm, respect patients' autonomy and provide just treatment. We consider the disruptive effects of COVID‐19 on care delivery and on clinicians themselves. We then show how models of clinical ethics and other similar reflective discussion approaches are a relevant support mechanism to assist clinicians to process and make sense of COVID‐19's disruptions to their professional ethical role of holding patients during and beyond the pandemic.
Dysphagia: clinical evaluation and management
Authors: Selvanderan Shane , Wong Stephanie , Holloway Richard , Kuo Paul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDysphagia is a common problem affecting all ages. It is increasing in frequency particularly among the younger population due to the rising incidence of eosinophilic oesophagitis, a condition which often leads to acute presentation to hospital for the first time with food bolus obstruction requiring endoscopic removal. Careful history taking remains the first and most important step in evaluating dysphagia, and it is especially important to distinguish an oropharyngeal versus oesophageal origin, which helps to guide further investigation and therapy. The three main investigations for dysphagia remain endoscopy, barium study and manometry, with endoscopy also offering therapeutic potential. Management is largely determined by the eventual diagnosis, often in a multi‐disciplinary setting.
Peutz–Jeghers syndrome complicated by gastric‐type cervical mucinous carcinoma and primary peritoneal carcinoma
Authors: Kotaka Saki , Kanno Kiyoshi , Yanai Shiori , Omori Masako , Andou Masaaki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 45‐year‐old multiparous woman with a STK11 mutation and a history of Peutz–Jeghers syndrome underwent radical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy for a gastric‐type cervical mucinous carcinoma. Four and a half years later, blood tests revealed elevations in CEA and CA125 tumor marker levels, and computed tomography showed multiple calcifications in the peritoneum. Peritoneal dissemination was suspected, and a laparoscopic biopsy was performed. Histopathology showed a high‐grade serous carcinoma, and the patient was diagnosed with a metachronous stage IIIC primary peritoneal carcinoma. She had no BRCA1/2 mutation. After chemotherapy with docetaxel, carboplatin, and bevacizumab, she achieved complete remission.
Feed digestibility, digesta passage and faecal microbial biomass in desert‐adapted goats exposed to mild water restriction
Authors: Ramadhan M. R. , Schlecht E. , Dickhoefer U. , Mahgoub O. , Joergensen R. G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn arid and semi‐arid environments, extensively managed ruminants regularly experience drinking water shortage, especially in the dry season. The present study therefore investigated the effects of mild drinking water restriction on feed intake, feed digestibility, solid digesta passage and composition of faeces including faecal microbial biomass. A feeding trial was conducted in Oman, during the dry summer months.Nine adult male Batinah goats were subjected to three watering regimes in a 3 × 3 Latin Square design. Treatments were (1) water offered ad libitum (100%, W100); (2) water restricted to 85% ad libitum consumption (W85); and (3) water restricted to 70% ad libitum consumption (W70). Animals were offered Rhodes grass hay and whole barley grains (1:1 ratio) at 1.3 times maintenance energy requirements. Each of the three experimental periods comprised 16 days of adaptation and 8 days of measurements. During the latter, feed offered and refused as well as faeces were sampled and quantified. Gastrointestinal digesta passage was determined using ytterbium‐labelled Rhodes grass hay. Ergosterol and amino sugars were used as markers for faecal microbial biomass, that is the sum of fungi and bacteria. Water restriction had no effect on feed intake and digesta passage. However, feed dry matter, organic matter and fibre digestibility increased (p < 0.05) in W70 compared with W85, and the excreted amount of faecal dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen and neutral detergent fibre decreased (p < 0.05) in W70 compared with W85. Even though water restriction did not affect total faecal microbial biomass carbon (C) concentration, that of fungal biomass C increased (p < 0.05) in W70 compared with W85. Therefore, mild water restriction seems unproblematic from a physiological and nutrient utilization perspective as it increases feed digestibility without compromising feed intake.
Why do readers fail to notice word transpositions, omissions, and repetitions? A review of recent evidence and theory
Authors: Huang Kuan‐Jung , Staub Adrian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMost readers have had the experience of initially failing to notice an omission or repetition of a function word, or a transposition of two adjacent words. In the present article, we review recent research investigating this phenomenon. We emphasize that failure to notice such errors is of substantial theoretical interest, given what we have learned about how systematically and incrementally readers inspect and process text. We endorse the idea that a process of rational inference may play a critical role, while we cast doubt on the idea that failure to notice errors arises from parallel processing of multiple words. We review a number of recent studies from our own laboratory that have investigated the relationship between eye movements during reading and noticing, or failing to notice, an error. While the conclusions from these studies are broadly consistent with a rational inference account, we find that when readers fail to notice an error, their eye movements generally show no indication that the error was registered at all. On its surface, this finding may be viewed as inconsistent with the idea that the rational inference process that enables readers to overlook errors is genuinely post‐perceptual. We suggest a mechanism by which eye movement control models could account for this finding.
Weak transport for non‐convex costs and model‐independence in a fixed‐income market
Authors: Acciaio Beatrice , Beiglböck Mathias , Pammer Gudmund 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe consider a model‐independent pricing problem in a fixed‐income market and show that it leads to a weak optimal transport problem as introduced by Gozlan et al. We use this to characterize the extremal models for the pricing of caplets on the spot rate and to establish a first robust super‐replication result that is applicable to fixed‐income markets. Notably, the weak transport problem exhibits a cost function which is non‐convex and thus not covered by the standard assumptions of the theory. In an independent section, we establish that weak transport problems for general costs can be reduced to equivalent problems that do satisfy the convexity assumption, extending the scope of weak transport theory. This part could be of its own interest independent of our financial application, and is accessible to readers who are not familiar with mathematical finance notation.
Constraints on the origins of iron silicide spherules in ultrahigh‐temperature distal impact ejecta
Authors: Batovrin Sergei , Lipovsky Boris , Gulbin Yury , Pushkarev Yury , Shukolyukov Yury A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTerrestrially occurring iron silicide spherules, described in the geological literature for 160 years as cosmogenic and approved as “extraterrestrial” minerals by IMA CNMMN in 1984, so far have escaped any serious examination by meteoriticists. Our isotopic and REE data, obtained for silicide spherules for the first time, disagree with the meteoritic origin of gupeiite (Fe3Si) and xifengite (Fe5Si3) spherules from two continents. Despite departures from terrestrial norms (87Rb/86Sr—0.0174; 87Sr/86Sr—0.700181; 3He/4He—7.57 × 10−6; 40Ar/36Ar—325.9), the compositions of 143Nd/144Nd (0.512034) and 147Sm/144Nd (0.06357), as well as REE abundances, clarify provenance from upper crust sediments for samples with U/Pb age of 121–314 ka from the Ala‐Tau range in the Urals. However, the morphology of flanged button shapes, ring waves, and eccentro‐radiating ridges reliably constrains the origin of silicide spherules to distal meteoritic impact ejecta. Arc jet ablation experiments have previously demonstrated that similar morphologies, observed on australite tektites, reflect aerodynamic ablation rates corresponding to flight velocities well into orbital range. These features are generally accepted as conclusive evidence for hypervelocity atmospheric entry from space. Internal structure, consistent with accretion through the coalescence of 3–5 µm droplets, and composition, closely corresponding to 1893–1154 K span of C‐type condensation sequences, indicate a high probability of processing through recondensation of ejecta vapor.
Identification of the novel HLA‐DRB1*11:271 allele by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: You Xuan , He Yanmin , Tao Sudan , He Ji , Zhu Faming 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
HLA‐DRB1*11:271 differs from HLA‐DRB1*11:01:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 610G > A.
Seed germination dynamics of silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) and implications for effective weed management
Authors: Turner Nathaniel Jacob , Sanchez Jacobo , Vavra Cody , Dhaliwal Lakhvir K. , Emendack Yves , Coldren Cade , Angeles‐Shim Rosalyn B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSilverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) is a noxious weed that threatens agricultural productivity and biodiversity worldwide. The long‐term management of soil seedbanks along with the aboveground populations of silverleaf nightshade has the potential to effectively control the species in its introduced range. Implementation of this strategy requires insights into the germination behavior of the weed in response to various environmental stimuli and endogenous cues. We assessed the morphology and germination of silverleaf nightshade seeds from an agricultural farm, native rangelands, and an urban site in Texas, USA. The effects of growth substrate, phytohormones, and salt treatments on seed germination were also evaluated to identify potential stimulus that can be used to manipulate germination in the species. Results of the study showed that silverleaf nightshade seeds from the agricultural farm were the largest, while those from the Littlefield rangeland were the smallest. Seeds collected from the urban site and agricultural farm have higher germination rates than those sampled from the rangelands. Compared to domesticated crops, silverleaf nightshade seeds require longer imbibition time. Seed germination was better in potting mix than in sand or combined potting mix and sand and was significantly reduced by salt and abscisic acid treatments. Overall, results of the study highlight the crucial role of local environments in conditioning the transgenerational adaptation of species, particularly with respect to germination. Recommendations for silverleaf nightshade control are presented based on the observed variations in the germination behavior of populations within specific ranges.
An Experimental Study of the Effect of Particle Shape on Force Transmission and Mobilized Strength of Granular Materials
Authors: Marteau Eloïse , Andrade José E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Force chains have been regarded as an important hallmark of granular materials. Numerous studies have examined their evolution, properties, and statistics in highly idealized, often circular-shaped, granular assemblies. However, particles found in nature and handled in industries come in a wide variety of shapes. In this article, we experimentally investigate the robustness of force chains with respect to particle shape. We present a detailed analysis on the particle- to continuum-scale response of granular materials affected by particle shape, which includes the force transmission and mobilized shear strength. The effect of shape is studied by comparing experimental results collected from shear tests performed on 2D analog circular- and arbitrarily shaped granular assemblies. Particle shapes are directly discretized from X-ray CT images of a real sand sample. By inferring individual contact forces using the granular element method (GEM), we provide a direct visualization of the force network, a statistical characterization of the force transmission and a quantitative description of the shear strength in terms of rolling, sliding, and interlocking contact mechanisms. We report that force chains are less prevalent in assemblies of arbitrarily-shaped particles than in circular-shaped samples. Furthermore, interlocking is identified as the essential contact mechanism that (1) furnishes a stable structure for force chains to emerge and (2) explains the enhanced shear strength observed in the arbitrarily-shaped samples. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for particle shape to capture and predict the complex mechanical behavior of granular materials across scales.