bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-Stage Double Petrosal Approach for the Total Resection of Petroclival-Cavernous Meningioma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Aboud Emad , Essayed Walid Ibn , Al-Mefty Ossama 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The utilization of skull base approaches has markedly facilitated the safe surgical removal of challenging petroclival meningiomas.
1
The anterior petrosal approach has been utilized for tumors limited to the upper clivus, above the meatus, whereas the posterior petrosal approach has been the workhorse for the resection of larger tumors in the posterior fossa extending down the clivus.
2
Giant cases with extension in the middle fossa, cavernous sinus, and ventral to the brain stem would benefit from a wider exposure than each of these approaches provide. This could be achieved by total petrosectomy. However, in patients with serviceable hearing anterior and posterior petrosals can be combined while preserving the hearing apparatus.
2,3
This procedure is lengthy; hence, we tend to stage it in 2 subsequent days. The first stage is focused on the soft tissue and bone work including the mastoidectomy, sigmoid transverse sinus, and jugular bulb skeletonization, as well as anterior petrosectomy. The second stage is dedicated to tumor exposure through tentorial sectioning and microsurgical resection. We report the case of a 40-yr-old woman diagnosed with large left-sided petroclival meningioma with significant extension into the cavernous sinus and Meckel's cave. The patient had neurological deficits including cranial nerves, cerebellar dysfunction, and hydrocephalus, although her hearing was intact. Total tumor resection was achieved through the double petrosal approach in 2002. Extensive anatomic knowledge and thorough preoperative clinical and radiological evaluation, particularly the venous system, are key in the successful planning of this procedure. The patient consented for surgery and publication of their image.
Figures at 2:40 and 3:47, ©Ossama Al-Mefty, used with permission.
Fight against hesitancy: public health concern towards COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Punsalan Mairre Louie D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A recent correspondence revealed that medical students are hesitant of receiving vaccines. Recent studies revealed that the hesitancy was seen among other age groups. However, this challenge does not impede medical workers as they continue to care for patients infected with the virus. With proper education and guidance, hesitancy and fear will be replaced by trust to fight coronavirus disease 2019.
Toxicological assessment of CeO2 nanoparticles on early development of zebrafish
Authors: Roberta Pecoraro , Elena Maria Scalisi , Carmelo Iaria , Fabiano Capparucci , Maria Teresa Rizza , Sara Ignoto , Antonio Salvaggio , Roberto Fiorenza , Giuliana Impellizzeri , Maria Violetta Brundo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNanomaterials involve an active research and a booming area including different fields (health, environment, electronics, manufacturing, drug delivery). Recently, new concerns are emerging about the risk from increased production and subsequent release into the environment, as they are largely present in consumer products and industrial applications. Our aim was to assess the effects of three different types of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) (type 1 defined “as prepared”; type 2 defined “modified”; type 3 defined “commercial”) on zebrafish embryos by Fish Embryo Toxicity test (Z-FET). Immunohistochemical analysis was also performed on treated larvae to evaluate the expression of the following biomarkers: Metallothionein, Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) and 7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-Dietylase (EROD). After 96 h of exposure, there was no lethality, nor were there sub-lethal effects in embryonic development, when compared with the control. No particular positivity was found about Metallothionein and HSP70 expression, while an increased expression of EROD was observed in larvae exposed to the three types of CeO2 NPs compared with the controls. The analyze has confirmed a statistically significant difference (P &lt; 0.001) to EROD biomarker between control group and treated larvae response, finding was higher at 1-mg/l concentration. Further investigations in order to solve conflicting views about potential effects of CeO2 NPs are necessary, also to evaluate its effectiveness in different fields as already reported in literature.
Surgical Management of Occipital Neuralgia
Authors: Robinson Isabel S. , Salibian Ara A. , Alfonso Allyson R. , Lin Lawrence J. , Janis Jeffrey E. , Chiu Ernest S. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Occipital neuralgia (ON) is a primary headache disorder characterized by severe, paroxysmal, shooting or stabbing pain in the distribution of the greater occipital, lesser occipital, and/or third occipital nerves. Both medical and surgical options exist for treating headaches related to ON. The purposes of this study are to summarize the current state of surgical ON management through a systematic review of the literature and, in doing so, objectively identify future directions of investigation.

Methods
We performed a systematic review of primary literature on surgical management for ON of at least level IV evidence. Included studies were analyzed for level of evidence, therapeutic intervention, study design, sample size, follow-up duration, outcomes measured, results, and risk of bias.

Results
Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. All 22 studies used patient-reported pain scores as an outcome metric. Other outcome metrics included complication rates (7 studies; 32%), patient satisfaction (7 studies; 32%), quality of life (7 studies; 18%), and analgesic usage (3 studies; 14%). Using the ROBINS-I tool for risk of bias in nonrandomized studies, 7 studies (32%) were found to be at critical risk of bias, whereas the remaining 15 studies (68%) were found to be at serious risk of bias.

Conclusions
Greater occipital nerve decompression seems to be a useful treatment modality for medically refractory ON, but further prospective, randomized data are required.
Sarcopenia and Myosteatosis Predict Adverse Outcomes After Emergency Laparotomy
Authors: Body Samantha , Ligthart Marjolein A. P. , Rahman Saqib , Ward James , May-Miller Peter , Pucher Philip H. , Curtis Nathan J. , West Malcolm A. 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
To determine the relationship between BC, specifically low skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) and poor muscle quality (myosteatosis) and outcomes in emergency laparotomy patients.

Background:
Emergency laparotomy has one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates of all surgical interventions. BC objectively identifies patients at risk of adverse outcomes in elective cancer cohorts, however, evidence is lacking in emergency surgery.

Methods:
An observational cohort study of patients undergoing emergency laparotomy at ten English hospitals was performed. BC analyses were performed at the third lumbar vertebrae level using preoperative computed tomography images to quantify skeletal muscle index (SMI) and skeletal muscle radiation attenuation (SM-RA). Sex-specific SMI and SM-RA were determined, with the lower tertile splits defining sarcopenia (low SMI) and myosteatosis (low SM-RA). Accuracy of mortality risk prediction, incorporating SMI and SM-RA variables into risk models was assessed with regression modeling.

Results:
Six hundred ten patients were included. Sarcopenia and myosteatosis were both associated with increased risk of morbidity (52.1% vs 45.1%, P = 0.028; 57.5% vs 42.6%, P = 0.014), 30-day (9.5% vs 3.6%, P = 0.010; 14.9% vs 3.4%, P < 0.001), and 1-year mortality (27.4% vs 11.5%, P < 0.001; 29.7% vs 12.5%, P < 0.001). Risk-adjusted 30-day mortality was significantly increased by sarcopenia [OR 2.56 (95% CI 1.12-5.84), P = 0.026] and myosteatosis [OR 4.26 (2.01-9.06), P < 0.001], similarly at 1-year [OR 2.66 (95% CI 1.57-4.52), P < 0.001; OR2.08 (95%CI 1.26-3.41), P = 0.004]. BC data increased discrimination of an existing mortality risk-prediction model (AUC 0.838, 95% CI 0.835–0.84).

Conclusion:
Sarcopenia and myosteatosis are associated with increased adverse outcomes in emergency laparotomy patients.
Persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection and increasing viral variants in children and young adults with impaired humoral immunity
Authors: Truong Thao T. , Ryutov Alex , Pandey Utsav , Yee Rebecca , Goldberg Lior , Bhojwani Deepa , Aguayo-Hiraldo Paibel , Pinsky Benjamin A. , Pekosz Andrew , Shen Lishuang , Boyd Scott D. , Wirz Oliver F. , Röltgen Katharina , Bootwalla Moiz , Maglinte Dennis T. , Ostrow Dejerianne , Ruble David , Han Jennifer H. , Biegel Jaclyn A. , ScM Maggie Li , Huang ChunHong , Sahoo Mayala K. , Pannaraj Pia S. , O’Gorman Maurice , Judkins Alexander R. , Gai Xiaowu , Bard Jennifer Dien 
Published: March 2021

SummaryBackgroundThere is increasing concern that persistent infection of SARS-CoV-2 within immunocompromised hosts could serve as a reservoir for mutation accumulation and subsequent emergence of novel strains with the potential to evade immune responses.MethodsWe describe three patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who were persistently positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Viral viability from longitudinally-collected specimens was assessed. Whole-genome sequencing and serological studies were performed to measure viral evolution and evidence of immune escape.FindingsWe found compelling evidence of ongoing replication and infectivity for up to 162 days from initial positive by subgenomic RNA, single-stranded RNA, and viral culture analysis. Our results reveal a broad spectrum of infectivity, host immune responses, and accumulation of mutations, some with the potential for immune escape.InterpretationOur results highlight the need to reassess infection control precautions in the management and care of immunocompromised patients. Routine surveillance of mutations and evaluation of their potential impact on viral transmission and immune escape should be considered.FundingThe work was partially funded by The Saban Research Institute at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles intramural support for COVID-19 Directed Research (X.G. and J.D.B.), the Johns Hopkins Center of Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance HHSN272201400007C (A.P.), NIH/NIAID R01AI127877 (S.D.B.), NIH/NIAID R01AI130398 (S.D.B.), NIH 1U54CA260517 (S.D.B.), an endowment to S.D.B. from the Crown Family Foundation, an Early Postdoc.Mobility Fellowship Stipend to O.F.W. from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), and a Coulter COVID-19 Rapid Response Award to S.D.B. L.G. is a SHARE Research Fellow in Pediatric Hematology-Oncology.
Optimal mobility restriction minimizing COVID-19 and excess suicide deaths in Japan
Authors: Kurita Junko , Sugawara Tamie , Sugishita Yoshiyuki , Ohkusa Yasushi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundStrict countermeasures for COVID-19 outbreak such as lockdowns and voluntary restrictions against going out might have reduced mortality because of COVID-19 directly, but might have raised suicide rates.ObjectWe examined best policies for minimizing overall mortality attributable to COVID-19 directly, and excess mortality by suicide because of COVID-19.MethodWe regressed the estimated excess mortality attributable to suicide deaths against mobility-restrictive measures. Mortality attributable to COVID-19 directly was estimated through association between the effective reproduction number and mobility. We sought the best mobility restriction for minimizing overall deaths.ResultsSignificant association was found between mobility and suicide, but the data were very few. Results showed the best mobility level as 65.5, which represents a 34.5% reduction in mobility from the normal level.Discussion and ConclusionAn overly restrictive policy inducing lower than optimal mobility led to higher total mortality.
Leveraging three-dimensional chromatin architecture for effective reconstruction of enhancer-target gene regulatory network
Authors: Salviato Elisa , Djordjilović Vera , Hariprakash Judith M. , Tagliaferri Ilario , Pal Koustav , Ferrari Francesco 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTA growing amount of evidence in literature suggests that germline sequence variants and somatic mutations in non-coding distal regulatory elements may be crucial for defining disease risk and prognostic stratification of patients, in genetic disorders as well as in cancer. Their functional interpretation is challenging because genome-wide enhancer-target gene (ETG) pairing is an open problem in genomics. The solutions proposed so far do not account for the most updated knowledge on chromatin three-dimensional (3D) architecture, which is organized in a hierarchy of structural domains.Here we introduce a paradigm shift based on the definition of multi-scale structural chromatin domains, integrated in a statistical framework to define ETG pairs. In this worki) we develop a computational and statistical framework to reconstruct a comprehensive ETG regulatory network leveraging functional genomics data;ii) we demonstrate that the incorporation of chromatin 3D architecture information improves ETG pairing accuracy; andiii) we use multiple experimental datasets to extensively benchmark our method against previous solutions for the genome-wide reconstruction of ETG pairs. This solution will facilitate the annotation and interpretation of sequence variants in distal non-coding regulatory elements. We expect this to be especially helpful in clinically oriented applications of whole genome sequencing in cancer and undiagnosed genetic diseases research.
ISTDECO: In Situ Transcriptomics Decoding by Deconvolution
Authors: Andersson Axel , Diego Ferran , Hamprecht Fred A. , Wählby Carolina 
Published: March 2021

In Situ Transcriptomics (IST) is a set of image-based transcriptomics approaches that enables localisation of gene expression directly in tissue samples. IST techniques produce multiplexed image series in which fluorescent spots are either present or absent across imaging rounds and colour channels. A spot’s presence and absence form a type of barcoded pattern that labels a particular type of mRNA. Therefore, the expression of a gene can be determined by localising the fluorescent spots and decode the barcode that they form. Existing IST algorithms usually do this in two separate steps: spot localisation and barcode decoding. Although these algorithms are efficient, they are limited by strictly separating the localisation and decoding steps. This limitation becomes apparent in regions with low signal-to-noise ratio or high spot densities. We argue that an improved gene expression decoding can be obtained by combining these two steps into a single algorithm. This allows for an efficient decoding that is less sensitive to noise and optical crowding.We present IST Decoding by Deconvolution (ISTDECO), a principled decoding approach combining spectral and spatial deconvolution into a single algorithm. We evaluate ISTDECO on simulated data, as well as on two real IST datasets, and compare with state-of-the-art. ISTDECO achieves state-of-the-art performance despite high spot densities and low signal-to-noise ratios. It is easily implemented and runs efficiently using a GPU.ISTDECO implementation, datasets and demos are available online at:github.com/axanderssonuu/istdeco
Influence of basal media composition on barrier fidelity within human pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models
Authors: Neal Emma H. , Katdare Ketaki A. , Shi Yajuan , Marinelli Nicholas A. , Hagerla Kameron A. , Lippmann Ethan S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt is increasingly recognized that brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), the principle component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), are highly sensitive to soluble cues from both the bloodstream and the brain. This concept extendsin vitro, where the extracellular milieu can also influence BBB properties in cultured cells. However, the extent to which baseline culture conditions can affect BBB propertiesin vitroremains unclear, which has implications for model variability and reproducibility, as well as downstream assessments of molecular transport and disease phenotypes. Here, we explore this concept by examining BBB properties within human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived BMEC-like cells cultured under serum-free conditions in different basal media with fully defined compositions. We demonstrate notable differences in both passive and active BBB properties as a function of basal media composition. Further, RNA sequencing and phosphoproteome analyses revealed alterations to various signaling pathways in response to basal media differences. Overall, our results demonstrate that baseline culture conditions can have a profound influence on the performance ofin vitroBBB models, and these effects should be considered when designing experiments that utilize such models for basic research and preclinical assays.
Genetic Basis of Variation in Cocaine and Methamphetamine Consumption in Outbred Populations ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Baker Brandon M. , Carbone Mary Anna , Huang Wen , Anholt Robert R. H. , Mackay Trudy F. C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe usedDrosophila melanogasterto map the genetic basis of naturally occurring variation in voluntary consumption of cocaine and methamphetamine. We derived an outbred advanced intercross population (AIP) from 37 sequenced inbred wild-derived lines of theDrosophila melanogasterGenetic Reference Panel (DGRP), which are maximally genetically divergent, have minimal residual heterozygosity, are not segregating for common inversions, and are not infected withWolbachia pipientis. We assessed consumption of sucrose, methamphetamine-supplemented sucrose and cocaine-supplemented sucrose, and found considerable phenotypic variation for consumption of both drugs, in both sexes. We performed whole genome sequencing and extreme QTL mapping on the top 10% of consumers for each replicate, sex and condition, and an equal number of randomly selected flies. We evaluated changes in allele frequencies among high consumers and control flies and identified 3,033 variants significantly (P< 1.9 × 10-8) associated with increased consumption, located in or near 1,962 genes. Many of these genes are associated with nervous system development and function, and 77 belong to a known gene-gene interaction subnetwork. We assessed the effects of RNA interference (RNAi) on drug consumption for 22 candidate genes; 17 had a significant effect in at least one sex. We constructed allele-specific AIPs which were homozygous for alternative candidate alleles for 10 SNPs and measured average consumption for each population; nine SNPs had significant effects in at least one sex. The genetic basis of voluntary drug consumption in Drosophila is polygenic and implicates genes with human orthologs and associated variants with sex- and drug-specific effects.Significance StatementThe use of cocaine and methamphetamine presents significant socioeconomic problems. However, identifying the genetic underpinnings that determine susceptibility to substance use is challenging in human populations. The fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster,presents a powerful genetic model since we can control the genetic background and environment, 75% of disease-causing genes in humans have a fly counterpart, and flies - like humans - exhibit adverse effects upon cocaine and methamphetamine exposure. We showed that the genetic architecture underlying variation in voluntary cocaine and methamphetamine consumption differs between sexes and is dominated by variants in genes associated with connectivity and function of the nervous system. Results obtained from the Drosophila gene discovery model can guide studies on substance abuse susceptibility in human populations.
ERP implementation at ABC mining company
Authors: Nandi Madhavi , Nandi Santosh 
Published: March 2021

Learning outcomes
After reading and discussing this case, students will learn to identify the content and context of enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation that is important from an operations standpoint. Through this case, student will discuss and evaluate the scenarios of ERP implementation arising from different deployment alternatives. Students will also learn to comprehend the case organization’s unique operational context and explore the challenges of introducing change into workplace environment and stakeholders’ overall expectations.

Case overview/synopsis
This case introduces students to the dilemmas of managerial decision-making that large companies face while implementing organization-wide technological upgrades, such as ERP. The case is set at a time point where ABC Mining Company – a large public-sector mining company – was trying to identify the most optimal ERP option based on its organizational structure and organizational processes. The information related to ABC’s organizational context included their business, structural and operational scenarios at the time. The information related to ABC’s stakeholders’ expectations reflected their perception about ERP and future implications. The information related to managerial conflicts reflected the understandings of the managers, in terms of need for ERP, needed skill to handle ERP and different types of ERP implementations that others have adopted. The case calls students for extensive analysis of the gathered information to identify and evaluate impacts and risks of all possible ERP alternates, and finally pick upon the most optimal ERP alternate. The case assumes a live 90-min class session conducted by an instructor. The instructor is recommended to assign the case to students for mandatory pre-reading before coming to class. The instructor is provided with a teaching plan to navigate the case.

Complexity academic level
The case is designed as an introductory case for an undergraduate or a graduate course pertaining strategic decision-making of ERP systems implementation.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
The implications of loneliness among school principals
Authors: Dor-Haim Peleg , Oplatka Izhar 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis paper explores the subjective interpretations of school principals' experiences of loneliness in the workplace and the implications of those experiences. The study poses two questions: (1) How do school principals perceive that their experience of loneliness affects their emotional well-being? (2) How do school principals perceive that the experience of loneliness influences their performance at work?Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 elementary and secondary school principals in Israel. A qualitative research methodology was employed to collect and analyze the data.FindingsData analysis resulted in four overarching themes, which captured the subjective consequences of principals' experiences of loneliness at work: a negative effect on work performance, emotional distress, physical health consequences and a positive perspective on loneliness.Originality/valueExpanding upon the current knowledge regarding principals' perceived outcomes of loneliness may help to deepen our understanding of principals' emotional experiences and functioning at work. This examination is of great value as previous research has demonstrated the central role of principals on school success.