bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed convection hybrid nanofluids flow of MWCNTs–Al2O3/engine oil over a spinning cone with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity
Authors: Tulu Ayele , Ibrahim Wubshet 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work analyzed the effects of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity, with mixed convection, thermal radiation and viscous dissipation effects, on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)–aluminum oxide (Al2O3)/engine oil hybrid nanofluid flow due to a vertically inverted spinning cone embedded in a porous medium. Using suitable similarity transformation, the boundary layer fluid flow governing equations are transformed into dimensionless systems of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Then, the solutions are obtained numerically employing the spectral relaxation method. The influences of involved parameters are examined, and the results are presented with graphs and tables. The obtained results disclose that both the tangential and azimuthal skin friction coefficients increase with increasing values of temperature‐dependent viscosity and mixed convection parameters. The local heat transfer rate reduces with increasing values of the Eckert number and variable thermal conductivity parameter, whereas it enhances with greater values of the thermal radiation parameter. Generally, hybrid nanofluids of (MWCNTs–Al2O3)/engine oil show better flow distributions with good stability of thermal properties than MWCNTs/engine oil and Al2O3/engine oil mono‐nanofluids.
A study on utilization of ground source energy for space heating using a nanofluid as a heat carrier
Authors: Tarodiya Rahul , Verma Vikas , Thangavel Sivasakthivel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGround source heat pump (GSHP) systems are well established as an energy‐efficient space conditioning device. However, for better utilization of the ground source, improvement in GSHP performance is desirable, which limits the small temperature difference between the ground and the circulating fluid. In this study, efforts have been made to investigate the performance of a ground heat exchanger (GHX) with a nanofluid as a heat carrier. Mathematical modeling is performed for the closed‐loop vertical U‐tube GHX with six different (Al2O3, CuO, graphite, multiwalled carbon nanotube, graphene, and Cu) water‐based nanofluids. The effect of different operating parameters on GHX length, fluid temperature, and pressure drop with nanofluids is determined. On the basis of the analytical results, it is found that the graphite particle‐based nanofluid plays a prominent role to enhance the performance of the GHX as compared with other nanoparticles. The maximum enhancement in the increase in outlet fluid temperature and reduction in pipe length with graphite particle‐based nanofluid are 68.3% and 63.3%, respectively, for an increase in temperature difference from 7°C to 15°C between the atmosphere and the ground. Also, with the graphite particle‐based nanofluid and the increase in pipe diameter from 20 to 50 mm, the fluid outlet temperature increases up to 11.2%, and the requirement in GHX length reduces up to 55%.
Effect of developmental time on Chaoborus‐induced phenotypic plasticity
Authors: Klintworth Sandra , von Elert Eric 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDue to Daphnia's cosmopolitan distribution and the co‐occurrence with various predators, it has developed highly diverse antipredator defenses. In response to chemical cues of Chaoborus larvae, a major predator, neckteeth are induced in vulnerable juvenile instars of Daphnia pulex. As only early juvenile instars of D. pulex are vulnerable to predation by Chaoborus sp., increased developmental time extends the time span that D. pulex is in the vulnerable size, and thus increases the risk of being preyed upon. Here, we hypothesize that increased time spent in vulnerable instars leads to a higher degree of neckteeth formation in vulnerable D. pulex instars. To test this, we created a gradient of growth conditions for Daphnia that would cause an increase in developmental time by means of decreasing the temperature or increasing the proportion of dietary cyanobacteria in separate experiments. We determined the body size during the juvenile instars and calculated the time spent in vulnerable instars. Correlations of neckteeth induction to times spent in vulnerable instars were significant for the data set of the temperature experiment and the combined data set, but not for the data set of the cyanobacteria experiment. However, we cannot exclude that an increased bacterial degradation of the kairomone at elevated temperatures has contributed to this relationship, and dose–response curves revealed that neither the sensitivity to the kairomone nor maximum neckteeth induction in D. pulex was reduced at the elevated temperature. Our results suggest that neckteeth induction is affected by the time spent in vulnerable instars, based on the factors temperature and dietary toxic cyanobacteria, but its universal validity needs to be tested further by including other factors.
Development and implementation of a RT‐qPCR extraction‐free protocol for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 and impact on the turn‐around‐time
Authors: Blairon Laurent , Piteüs Sébastien , Beukinga Ingrid , Tré‐Hardy Marie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe occurrence of the COVID‐19 second‐wave outbreak in Europe has pushed laboratories performing molecular SARS‐CoV‐2 tests to increase their throughput and decrease the result rendering time. In this evaluation, we tested for the first time a new, extraction‐free, protocol with the Allplex SARS‐CoV‐2 Assay RT‐qPCR kit on a Nimbus platform. Ninety‐one samples, of which 71 previously tested positive with RT‐qPCR with extraction were immediately analyzed without extraction, using only a dilution and thermal shock protocol. The positive and negative percentage agreements were respectively 97.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90–0.99) and 95.0% (95% CI: 0.76–0.99). The two false negatives observed were very weakly positive with the comparison method. Moderate variations in Ct of the targeted genes were observed (median ± 95% CI): E gene, +2.49 ± 0.44; N gene, +0.98 ± 0.54; RdRP/S genes, +2.64 ± 0.48. On the other hand, the number of tests performed within 24 h raised from 86.4% to 97.8%, the turn‐around time decreased from 19:18 to 09:03 (p < .0001), and the number of tests that can be performed per day doubled since this technique was introduced routinely in our laboratory.
COVID‐19 with and without anosmia or dysgeusia: A case‐control study
Authors: Dev Nishanth , Sankar Jhuma , Gupta Nitesh , Meena Ramesh Chand , Singh Charanjit , Gupta D. K. , Sen M. K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVarious new clinical signs and symptoms, such as dysfunction of smell (anosmia) and taste (dysgeusia) have emerged ever since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic begun. The objective of this study was to identify the clinical presentation and factors associated with 'new loss/change of smell (anosmia) or taste (dysgeusia)' at admission in patients positive by real time polymerase chain reaction for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. All adult COVID‐19 patients with new onset anosmia or dysgeusia at admission were included in study group. Equal number of age and gender matched COVID‐19 patients without anosmia or dysgeusia at admission were included in the control group. A total of 261 COVID‐19 patients were admitted during the study period of which 55 (21%) had anosmia and or dysgeusia. The mean (SD) age was 36 (13) years and majority were males (58%, n = 32). Comorbidity was present in 38% of cases (n = 21). Anosmia and dysgeusia were noted in more than 1/5th of the cases. Anosmia (96%, n = 53) was more common than dysgeusia (75%, n = 41). Presence of both ansomia and dysgeusia was noted in 71% of patients (n = 39). On comparing the cases with the controls, on univariate analysis, fever (higher in cases), rhinitis (lower in cases), thrombocytopenia, elevated creatinine and bilirubin (all higher in cases) were significantly associated with anosmia or dysgeusia. On multivariate analysis, only rhinitis (odds ratio [OR]: 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09–0.83; p = .02) thrombocytopenia (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99–0.99; p = .01) and elevated creatinine (OR: 7.6; 95% CI: 1.5–37.6; p = .01) remained significant. In this retrospective study of COVID‐19 patients, we found anosmia and dysgeusia in more than 1/5th of the cases. Absence of rhinitis, low platelet counts and elevated creatinine were associated with anosmia or dysgeusia in these patients.
Classification Tree–Based Machine Learning to Visualize and Validate a Decision Tool for Identifying Malnutrition in Cancer Patients
Authors: Yin Liangyu , Lin Xin , Liu Jie , Li Na , He Xiumei , Zhang Mengyuan , Guo Jing , Yang Jian , Deng Li , Wang Yizhuo , Liang Tingting , Wang Chang , Jiang Hua , Fu Zhenming , Li Suyi , Wang Kunhua , Guo Zengqing , Ba Yi , Li Wei , Song Chunhua , Cui Jiuwei , Shi Hanping , Xu Hongxia ,   the Investigation on Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers (INSCOC) Group
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe newly proposed Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) framework is promising to gain global acceptance for diagnosing malnutrition. However, the role of machine learning in facilitating its application in clinical practice remains largely unknown.MethodsWe performed a multicenter, observational cohort study including 3998 patients with cancer. Baseline malnutrition was defined using the GLIM criteria, and the study population was randomly divided into a derivation group (n = 2998) and a validation group (n = 1000). A classification and regression trees (CART) algorithm was used to develop a decision tree for classifying the severity of malnutrition in the derivation group. Model performance was evaluated in the validation group.ResultsGLIM criteria diagnosed 588 patients (14.7%) with moderate malnutrition and 532 patients (13.3%) with severe malnutrition among the study population. The CART cross‐validation identified 5 key predictors for the decision tree construction, including age, weight loss within 6 months, body mass index, calf circumference, and the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 score. The decision tree showed high performance, with an area under the curve of 0.964 (κ = 0.898, P < .001, accuracy = 0.955) in the validation group. Subgroup analysis showed that the model had apparently good performance in different cancers. Among the 5 predictors constituting the tree, age contributed the least to the classification power.ConclusionUsing the machine learning, we visualized and validated a decision tool based on the GLIM criteria that can be conveniently used to accelerate the pretreatment identification of malnutrition in patients with cancer.
The “Speckle Sign” in the Diagnosis of Posterior Compartment Endometriosis
Authors: Balcacer Patricia , Jaramillo‐Cardoso Adrian , Gupta Sonia , Mortele Koenraad , Johnson Samuel C. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo determine usefulness of the “speckle sign” in the diagnosis of deep invasive endometriosis.Materials and MethodsThis HIPAA‐compliant, institutional review board‐approved retrospective study with informed consent waived included 25 women (mean age 20‐69 years) with histopathologically confirmed posterior cul‐de‐sac endometriosis between 2013 and 2018. Transvaginal ultrasound exams of these patients were reviewed by 2 expert radiologists searching for the “speckle sign,” defined as irregular obliteration of the posterior cul‐de‐sac and bright (hyperechoic) internal echoes. The frequency of additional findings such as “kissing ovaries,” endometriomas in the adnexa, bowel tethering in the posterior pelvic compartment, retroflexed uterus, adenomyosis, and pelvic free fluid were also analyzed. Data regarding clinical features, histopathologic findings and management were collected through a review of the medical record.ResultsReader one identified posterior compartment endometriosis in 20/25 patients, and reader two in 22/25 patients, with 96% agreement. Adnexal endometriomas were found in 21/25 patients for both readers (k = 0.70) and were bilateral in 23% of patients.The ovaries were adherent to each other in the midline (“kissing ovaries”) in 50% of patients; the bowel was tethered anteriorly in 20%; the presence of adenomyosis was seen in about 27%, and a retroflexed uterus was seen in 24% of patients.ConclusionsThe speckle sign could be helpful in making the diagnosis of posterior compartment endometriosis, and the sign is often found in conjunction with other imaging features of endometriosis.
Effect of initial CaCO3 saturation levels on the CO2 corrosion of 1Cr carbon steel
Authors: Rizzo Riccardo , Ambat Rajan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the investigation on the effect of calcium on the corrosion behavior of 1Cr carbon steel under various levels of initial CaCO3 saturation () of the bulk solutions. All the experiments were performed at 80°C in 1 wt% aqueous NaCl solution saturated with CO2. Four initial levels were investigated, namely 0, 0.6, 2, and 10. The corrosion process was followed using linear polarization resistance, potentiodynamic sweeps, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The surface morphology of the corrosion products was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and structural information using X‐ray powder diffraction. Precipitation of a substitutional solid solution of FexCayCO3 (x + y = 1) was found on the steel surface. The growth of this layer was delayed by Ca2+ ions in the solution, but its protectiveness was not affected and was comparable with the pure FeCO3 corrosion product. No signs of localized corrosion were detected on the material.
Enhancing the Yield Stress in Liquid Polydimethylsiloxane to Allow Its 3D Printing: Hydrogels as Removable Fillers
Authors: Perrinet Clément , Courtial Edwin‐Joffrey , Colly Arthur , Marquette Christophe , Fulchiron René 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor manufacturing parts of very soft materials by liquid deposition modeling (e.g., to mimic living soft tissues), formulations of 3D‐printable polydimethylsiloxane have been developed, with the aim of increasing the yield stress of the liquid and reducing the final mechanical modulus. In the present work, suspensions of solid‐like hydrogel particles, which are easily 3D‐printable, are prepared in order to generate yield stress, and the suspended phase is removed after manufacturing by taking advantage of the thermo‐reversibility of the hydrogel behavior, resulting in porosity, which reduces the final rigidity. The reported approach is even more efficient than a previous approach based on emulsion formulations.
Mechanistic insights and selected synthetic routes of atomically precise metal nanoclusters
Authors: Gharib Mustafa , Galchenko Michael , Klinke Christian , Parak Wolfgang J. , Chakraborty Indranath 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDuring the last few decades, noble metal nanoclusters (NCs) have become an exciting building block in the field of nanoscience. With their ultrasmall size that ranges between 1 and 2 nm, NCs fill the gap between atoms and nanoparticles (NPs), and they show significantly different physicochemical properties compared to their bulk counterparts, such as molecule‐like HOMO‐LUMO discrete electronic transitions, photoluminescence, etc. These properties made NCs potential candidates in various applications, including catalysis, chemical/bioimaging, biomedicine, sensing, and energy conversion. Controlling the size of NPs, which usually exhibit a degree of polydispersity, has been a significant challenge for nano‐scientists. However, metal NCs with atomic precision pave the way to accurately fabricate NPs based on an atom‐by‐atom assembly. This Perspective is directed to the community of nano‐scientists interested in the field of NCs and summarizes the most commonly used synthetic routes of atomically precise metal NCs. Moreover, this Perspective provides an understanding of the different techniques used to control the size of metal NCs with insights on switching the surface ligands from phosphine to thiol. This Perspective also explains the role of physicochemical parameters in different synthetic routes such as high‐temperature route, CO‐directed route, solid‐state route, ligand‐exchange‐induced size/structure transformation (LEIST), etc. We finally give a brief outlook on future challenges of currently used synthetic routes with some suggestions to improve them.
Acceptability and feasibility of survivorship care plans and an accompanying mobile health intervention for adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: King‐Dowling Sara , Psihogios Alexandra M. , Hill‐Kayser Christine , Szalda Dava , O'Hagan Bridget , Darabos Katie , Daniel Lauren C. , Barakat Lamia P. , Fleisher Linda , Maurer Laurie A. , Velázquez‐Martin Blanca , Jacobs Linda A. , Hobbie Wendy , Ginsberg Jill P. , Vachani Carolyn C. , Metz James M. , Schwartz Lisa A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐management interventions for adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of childhood cancer are needed. The present study reports on the acceptability and feasibility of delivering survivorship care plans (SCPs) and an accompanying app to AYA.ProcedureAYA (n = 224) ages 15‐29 who completed treatment for cancer were randomized and received a digital SCP only or an SCP plus a mobile app intended to enhance self‐management. For 16 weeks, the app delivered one to two daily messages complementing information in their SCP and tailored based on age, treatment, and health goal. Data are presented on feasibility, self‐reported acceptability (including satisfaction and perceived benefits) and its relationship to app engagement (for those in app group), and feedback from qualitative interviews conducted with 10 AYA.ResultsThe SCP and app proved feasible as evidenced by high recruitment and retention, access to technology, time analysis, moderate app engagement, and minimal technical issues. However, 12% reported never reading the SCP and 8% never used the app. The app and SCP were acceptable to AYA, and SCP acceptability ratings did not differ between groups. For those with the app, acceptability was positively related to message engagement. AYA recommended enhanced individualization and design features of the SCP and app.ConclusionsResults support the use of tailored SCPs and mobile health interventions for most AYA, as well as the need for further refinement and research. Delivery of SCPs and digital interventions are acceptable and feasible to AYA survivors, and may help promote health‐related knowledge and survivorship self‐management.
Determination of the Critical Temperature of Self‐Ignition of Explosives from the Stability Analysis of the Thermal Conductivity Equation
Authors: Khaneft Alexander 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe analysis of stability of the heat conductivity equation with exothermic reaction of zero order and volume‐averaged stationary temperature the criteria of thermal explosion of condensed explosive materials (EM) expressions were obtained for parallelepiped, cylinder of finite length and sphere. Estimations of kinetic parameters (frequency factor and thermal decomposition rate activation energy) of HMX and FOX‐12 were performed. The numerical solution of thermal conductivity equation for HMX and FOX‐12 in the form of cubes was done. A good agreement of the EM ignition criterion in the form of a cube with the available experimental results and numerical solutions of the thermal conductivity equation was obtained. We showed that accounting for the decomposition reaction in the thermal conductivity equation leads to a slight increase in the critical ignition temperature for HMX and FOX‐12.
Spirodiclofen ether derivatives: semisynthesis, structural elucidation, and pesticidal activities against Tetranychus cinnabarinusBoisduval, Aphis citricolaVan der Goot and Mythimna separataWalker
Authors: Li Shaochen , Lv Min , Li Tianze , Hao Meng , Xu Hui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpirodiclofen is a spirocyclic tetronic acid‐type acaricidal agent. Nowadays, serious pests resistance to spirodiclofen and cross‐resistance to other acaricides has appeared. To overcome pests resistance and discover new potential agrochemicals, a series of ether derivatives were prepared based on spirodiclofen as a lead compound. Their pesticidal activities were investigated against three typically agricultural pests, Mythimna separata Walker, Aphis citricola Van der Goot and Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval.RESULTSFour steric structures of compounds 5e, 5f, 5i and 5j were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Against T. cinnabarinus, compounds 5b, 5f and 5l exhibited potent acaricidal activity, and their good control effects in the glasshouse were observed when compared with spirodiclofen, especially the control efficiency of compound 5b was comparable to that of spirodiclofen; against M. separata, compound 5j showed > 1.8‐fold potent insecticidal activity of spirodiclofen; against A. citricola, compounds 5d and 5j displayed > 2.0‐fold potent aphicidal activity of spirodiclofen. The relationships between their structures and agricultural activities were also discussed.CONCLUSIONCompounds 5b and 5d could be further studied as acaricidal and aphicidal agents, respectively; compound 5j can be considered as a lead compound for the insecticidal and aphicidal activities. This will pave the way for future application of these derivatives as pesticide substitutes for spirodiclofen. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
The role of logistics performance for sustainable development in top Asian countries: Evidence from advance panel estimations
Authors: Suki Norazah Mohd , Suki Norbayah Mohd , Sharif Arshian , Afshan Sahar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe logistics played an important role in the economic excellence of any country and region. However, being a major consumer of energy it also has adverse effects. Therefore there is a need to understand the role of logistics from economic and environmental aspects. By grounding on the theoretical foundations of IPAT and STIRPAT, the dataset of the present study is comprised of top Asian countries having 540 observations from the year 2010 to 2018 (quarterly). After applying multiple preliminary tests, including cross‐section dependence, unit root tests, and cointegration, the long run and short‐run relationship among the studied variables are explored by employing the Cross‐sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lags (CS‐ARDL). The study confirms the significance of logistic performance index (LPI) in complementing economic growth (EG) and countering carbon emission (CE) along with the other theoretical determinants of IPAT and STIRPAT. Based on the findings, the results are discussed whereas policy implications are also proposed which states the transformation of existing logistical infrastructure towards more environment friendly operations. Lastly the limitations are discussed, on which future research directions are also recommended.