bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ALMA study of outflow parameters of protoclusters: outflow feedback to maintain the turbulence
Authors: Baug T , Wang Ke , Liu Tie , Wu Yue-Fang , Li Di , Zhang Qizhou , Tang Mengyao , Goldsmith Paul F , Liu Hong-Li , Tej Anandmayee , Bronfman Leonardo , Kim Kee-Tae , Li Shanghuo , Lee Chang Won , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Hirota Tomoya , Toth L Viktor 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
With the aim of understanding the role of outflows in star formation, we performed a statistical study of the physical parameters of outflows in 11 massive protoclusters associated with ultracompact H ii regions. A total of 106 outflow lobes are identified in these protoclusters using the ALMA CO (3–2), HCN (4–3), and HCO+ (4–3) line observations. Although the position angles of outflow lobes do not differ in these three tracers, HCN and HCO+ tend to detect lower terminal velocity of the identified outflows compared to CO. The majority of the outflows in our targets are young with typical dynamical time-scales of 102–104 yr, and are mostly composed of low-mass outflows along with at least one high-mass outflow in each target. An anticorrelation of outflow rate with dynamical time-scale indicates that the outflow rate possibly decreases with time. Also, a rising trend of dynamical time-scale with the mass of the associated core hints that the massive cores might have longer accretion histories than the low-mass cores. Estimation of different energies in these protoclusters shows that outflows studied here cannot account for the generation of the observed turbulence, but can sustain the turbulence at the current epoch as the energy injection rate from the outflows is similar to the estimated dissipation rate.
The density structure of supersonic self-gravitating turbulence
Authors: Khullar Shivan , Federrath Christoph , Krumholz Mark R , Matzner Christopher D 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We conduct numerical experiments to determine the density probability distribution function (PDF) produced in supersonic, isothermal, self-gravitating turbulence of the sort that is ubiquitous in star-forming molecular clouds. Our experiments cover a wide range of turbulent Mach number and virial parameter, allowing us for the first time to determine how the PDF responds as these parameters vary, and we introduce a new diagnostic, the dimensionless star formation efficiency versus density [ϵff(s)] curve, which provides a sensitive diagnostic of the PDF shape and dynamics. We show that the PDF follows a universal functional form consisting of a lognormal at low density with two distinct power-law tails at higher density: the first of these represents the onset of self-gravitation, and the second reflects the onset of rotational support. Once the star formation efficiency reaches a few per cent, the PDF becomes statistically steady, with no evidence for secular time evolution at star formation efficiencies from about 5 to 20 per cent. We show that both the Mach number and the virial parameter influence the characteristic densities at which the lognormal gives way to the first power law, and the first to the second, and we extend (for the former) and develop (for the latter) simple theoretical models for the relationship between these density thresholds and the global properties of the turbulent medium.
How Social Desirability Response Bias May Lead to an Overestimation of Obama-Trump Voters
Authors: Stout Christopher T , Baker Keith , Baker Madelyn 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this research note, we argue that a segment of Trump voters may be motivated to demonstrate that they are not racially insensitive by saying they voted for Obama in 2012. As a result, what may appear as a substantial group of swing voters may be—in part—partisan voters who want to avoid perceptions of racial bias. Using data from a survey of a nationally representative nonprobability sample from YouGov, polling data from the 2016 election, and a survey experiment conducted with a convenience sample of American adults, we find that Obama-Trump voters score significantly higher on a social monitoring scale than others and that respondents are significantly more supportive of Trump when they are given the opportunity to mention who they voted for in 2012. The combination of results suggests that the number of Obama-Trump voters may be overestimated due to self-monitoring.
The Polls—Trends
Authors: Holman Mirya R , Kalmoe Nathan P 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Attitudes about sexual harassment in the United States are multifaceted and have shifted over time. This article examines a quarter century of public opinion trends from several major national surveys. The polls reveal the complexity and dynamism of these views amidst broader societal changes involving gender and views of discrimination. While perceptions of sexual harassment as a problem have dramatically shifted, some questions suggest that public interest ebbs and flows with national political events. This article also documents small gaps between women and men on these views and large gaps between Democrats and Republicans. While recent national attention has increased the survey record on sexual harassment attitudes, inconsistent question wording and temporal gaps between relevant surveys have led to uneven metrics over time.
Moral Geographies of Care across Borders: The Experience of Migrant Grandparents in Australia
Authors: Hamilton Myra , Hill Elizabeth , Kintominas Angela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLiterature on transnational grandparenting rarely focuses on how migrant grandparents contribute to the work/care reconciliation of their adult children, how they provide and receive care in contexts of mobility and precariousness, and the ways in which this is shaped by migration and social policy regimes. Drawing on the concept of moral geographies of care, this study reveals how idealized norms of care interact with Australian migration and work/care regimes in complex and contradictory ways to produce configurations of care in migrant families. We conclude that migration and work/care regimes are poorly aligned, compromising migrant families’ well-being and economic security.
BlitzkriegAgainst Democracy: Gender Equality and the Rise of the Populist Radical Right in Spain
Authors: Alonso Alba , Espinosa-Fajardo Julia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPopulist radical right parties (PRRPs) are generally considered detrimental to democracy. Research on their damaging potential tends to focus on their influence in triggering policy backsliding but leaves the promotion of gender equality out of the equation. This study explores the case of Vox in Andalusia, a southern region of Spain, to show how PRRPs also contribute to de-democratization through their capacity to erode the equality framework. We demonstrate how they can effectively dismantle and reframe crucial policies, even when not in office. This opens new analytical pathways for studying the role of PRRPs in undermining democratic systems.
Prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis in the immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Eslahi Aida Vafae , Olfatifar Meysam , Houshmand Elham , Johkool Morteza Ghanbari , Zibaei Mohammad , Foroutan Masoud , Hosseini Hamid , Badri Milad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease mostly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. The current study evaluated the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis in immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients in Iran. The available online literature published from June 1994 to October 2020 was obtained from multiple English databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar) and four Persian databases (Magiran, Iran Medex, Iran Doc and SID). All statistical analyses were performed using R software (version 3.6) meta-package and p-values &lt;0.05 were considered significant. From 1051 articles, 74 studies (248 656 individuals) met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of S. stercoralis was 2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1 to 3) and 4% (95% CI 1 to 8) in immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients, respectively. In immunodeficient cases, the pooled prevalence of studies utilizing serology, culture and microscopic methods was 10% (95% CI 2 to 23), 1% (95% CI 0 to 6) and 1% (95% CI 0 to 1), respectively. In immunocompetent cases, the pooled prevalence of studies utilizing microscopic, culture and molecular methods was 2% (95% CI 1 to 3), 2% (95% CI 1 to 4) and 2% (95% CI 0 to 6), respectively. We propose an appropriate screening and control program along with comprehensive research regarding the frequency of strongyloidiasis in the country.
The interaction of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein with drug-inhibited angiotensin converting enzyme 2 studied by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Nami Babak , Ghanaeian Avrin , Ghanaeian Kasra , Houri Rozhin , Nami Negin , Ghasemi-Dizgah Armin , Caluseriu Oana 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Hypertension has been identified as the most common comorbidity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, and has been suggested as a risk factor for COVID-19 disease outcomes. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus enters host human cells via binding to host cell angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. Inhibition of ACE2 has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach to block SARS-CoV-2 contagion. However, some experts suggest that ACE2 inhibition could worsen the infection. Here, we aimed to study the effect of ACE2 inhibition on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to ACE2.

Method:
Crystallographic structures of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, the spike receptor-binding domain, native ACE2, and the ACE2 complexed with MLN-4760 were used as the study model structures. The spike proteins were docked to the ACE2 structures and the dynamics of the complexes, ligand–protein, and protein–protein interactions were studied by molecular dynamics simulation for 100 ns.

Results:
Our result showed that inhibition of ACE2 by MLN-4760 increased the affinity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to ACE2. Results also revealed that spike protein binding to the ACE2 inhibited by MLN-4760 restored the enzymatic active conformation of the ACE2 from closed/inactive to open/active conformation by removing MLN-4760 binding from the ligand-binding pocket of ACE2.

Conclusion:
We conclude that using ACE2 inhibitors can increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and worsen COVID-19 disease outcome. We also found that the SARS-CoV-2 can abrogate the function of ACE2 inhibitors and rescue the enzymatic activity of ACE2. Therefore, ACE2 inhibition is not a useful treatment against COVID-19 infection.
Mangrovivirga cuniculi gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from bioturbated Red Sea mangrove sediment, and proposal of the novel family Mangrovivirgaceae fam. nov.
Authors: Sefrji Fatmah O. , Michoud Grégoire , Marasco Ramona , Merlino Giuseppe , Daffonchio Daniele 
Published: July 2021

A strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain R1DC9T, was isolated from sediments of a mangrove stand on the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia via diffusion chamber cultivation. Strain R1DC9T grew at 20–40 °C (optimum, 37 °C), pH 6–10 (optimum, pH 8) and 3–11 % NaCl (optimum, 7–9 %) in the cultivation medium. The genome of R1DC9T was 4 661 901 bp long and featured a G+C content of 63.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and whole-genome multilocus sequence analysis using 120 concatenated single-copy genes revealed that R1DC9T represents a distinct lineage in the order

Cytophagales

and the phylum

Bacteroidetes

separated from the

Roseivirgaceae

and

Marivirgaceae

families. R1DC9T displayed 90 and 89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identities with

Marivirga sericea

DSM 4125T and

Roseivirga ehrenbergii

KMM 6017T, respectively. The predominant quinone was MK7. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. The predominant cellular fatty acids were the saturated branch chain fatty acids iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C17 : 0, along with a low percentage of the monounsaturated fatty acid C16 : 1
ω5c. Based on differences in phenotypic, physiological and biochemical characteristics from known relatives, and the results of phylogenetic analyses, R1DC9T (=KCTC 72349T=JCM 33609T=NCCB 100698T) is proposed to represent a novel species in a new genus, and the name Mangrovivirga cuniculi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The distinct phylogenetic lineage among the families in the order

Cytophagales

indicates that R1DC9T represents a new family for which the name Mangrovivirgaceae fam. nov. is proposed.
COVID-19 Flow-Maps: An open geographic information system on COVID-19 and human mobility for Spain
Authors: Ponce-de-Leon Miguel , del Valle Javier , Fernandez José María , Bernardo Marc , Cirillo Davide , Sanchez-Valle Jon , Smith Matthew , Capella-Gutierrez Salvador , Gullón Tania , Valencia Alfonso 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTCOVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has spread all over the world leading to a global pandemic. The fast progression of COVID-19 has been mainly related to the high contagion rate of the virus and the worldwide mobility of humans. In the absence of pharmacological therapies, governments from different countries have introduced several non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce human mobility and social contact. Several studies based on Anonymised Mobile Phone Data have been published analysing the relationship between human mobility and the spread of coronavirus. However, to our knowledge, none of these data-sets integrates cross-referenced geo-localised data on human mobility and COVID-19 cases into one all-inclusive open resource. Herein we present COVID-19 Flow-Maps, a cross-referenced Geographic Information System that integrates regularly updated time-series accounting for population mobility and daily reports of COVID-19 cases in Spain at different scales of time spatial resolution. This integrated and up-to-date data-set can be used to analyse the human dynamics to guide and support the design of more effective non-pharmaceutical interventions.
Use of recently vaccinated individuals to detect bias in test-negative case-control studies of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness
Authors: Hitchings Matt D.T. , Lewnard Joseph A. , Dean Natalie E. , Ko Albert I. , Ranzani Otavio T. , Andrews Jason R. , Cummings Derek A.T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPost-authorization observational studies play a key role in understanding COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness following the demonstration of efficacy in clinical trials. While bias due to confounding, selection bias, and misclassification can be mitigated through careful study design, unmeasured confounding is likely to remain in these observational studies. Phase III trials of COVID-19 vaccines have shown that protection from vaccination does not occur immediately, meaning that COVID-19 risk should be similar in recently vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, in the absence of confounding or other bias. Several studies have used the estimated effectiveness among recently vaccinated individuals as a negative control exposure to detect bias in vaccine effectiveness estimates. In this paper we introduce a theoretical framework to describe the interpretation of such a bias-indicator in test-negative studies, and outline assumptions that would allow the use of recently vaccinated individuals to correct bias due to unmeasured confounding.
Thyroid function and risk of anemia: a multivariable-adjusted and Mendelian Randomization analysis in the UK Biobank
Authors: van Vliet Nicolien A. , Kamphuis Annelies E.P. , den Elzen Wendy P.J. , Blauw Gerard J. , Gussekloo Jacobijn , Noordam Raymond , van Heemst Diana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractContextThyroid dysfunction is associated with higher anemia prevalence, though causality remains unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate a potential causal relationship between thyroid function and anemia.DesignCross-sectional and Mendelian Randomization studySettingEuropeans from UK BiobankParticipants445,482 participants, mean age 56.77 years (SD 8.0) and 54.2% were women. Self-reported clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism was stated by 21,860 (4.9%); self-reported clinical diagnosis of hyperthyroidism by 3,431 (0.8%).Main Outcome MeasureAnemia, defined as hemoglobin level of <13 g/dL in men and <12 g/dL in women, was present in 18,717 (4.2%) participants.ResultsIn cross-sectional logistic regression analyses, self-reported clinical diagnoses of hypo- and hyperthyroidism were associated with higher odds of anemia (OR 1.12, 95%CI 1.05-1.19 and OR 1.09, 95%CI 0.91-1.30), though with wide confidence intervals for hyperthyroidism. Although we considered a possible non-linear relationship, we did not observe an association of higher or lower genetically-influenced thyrotropin (TSH) with anemia (versus middle tertile: OR lowest tertile 0.98, 95% CI 0.95-1.02; highest tertile 1.02, 95% CI 0.98-1.06), nor of genetically-influenced free thyroxine (fT4) with anemia. Individuals with genetic variants in the DIO3OS gene implicated in intracellular regulation of thyroid hormones had a higher anemia risk (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.10); no association was observed with variants in DIO1 or DIO2 genes.ConclusionsWhile self-reported clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism was associated with a higher prevalence of anemia, we did not found evidence supporting this association was causal. However, intracellular regulation of thyroid hormones might play a role in developing anemia.
Face mask use and associated factors among students in rural Eastern Uganda amidst the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mwesige Denis , Nalugya Aisha , Bulafu Douglas , Tigaiza Arnold , Nagawa Bridget Tamale , Balinda Emmanuel , Walekhwa Abel Wilson 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Corona Virus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has gravely affected several aspects of national and global society, including education. Given the risk it poses, the Government of Uganda (GOU) adopted and recommended face mask use as one of the preventive measures to limit its transmission in communities. However, there is limited data on the levels of face mask usage and associated factors among students in schools in Uganda. This study aimed at assessing the face mask usage and associated factors among students in schools in rural Eastern Uganda amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA cross sectional quantitative descriptive study was conducted among 423 students in schools in rural Eastern Uganda. Multi-stage sampling method was employed in the selection of study participants. The data was collected by trained data collectors using structured questionnaires pre-installed on ODK enabled smart phones. The data entered was cleaned using Excel 2016 and exported to Stata14.0 statistical software (Statacorp, College station, Texas, USA) for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed using 95% CI (confidence interval). Variables with p-value < 0.20 and those with literature backup evidence were included in the multivariable model. Variables with p-value < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. This study revealed that less than three quarters (62.3%) wore face masks correctly.ResultsAlmost all, 98.9% of the participants mentioned that they wore face masks due to fear of missing classes and 49.0% disagreed that they were vulnerable to COVID-19. Students in boarding schools (AOR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.05-2.47), those who believed that they were vulnerable to COVID-19 (AOR = 1.70, 95%CI: 1.11-2.10), and those who disagreed that masks are uncomfortable (AOR = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.06-2.46) were more likely to wear facemasks correctly.ConclusionThis study revealed that more than a third of the students did not wear face masks correctly. Correct wearing of face masks was associated with being in a boarding school, belief that they were susceptible to COVID-19, and disagreeing that masks were uncomfortable. This therefore highlights the need for sensitization programmes in academic institutions in order to improve students’ perceptions toward COVID-19 and face masks, and consequently increase correct face mask usage in schools.
An immune-protein signature combining TRAIL, IP-10 and CRP for accurate prediction of severe COVID-19 outcome
Authors: Mastboim Niv Samuel , Angel Alon , Shaham Oded , Ber Tahel Ilan , Navon Roy , Simon Einav , Rosenberg Michal , Israeli Yael , Hainrichson Mary , Avni Noa , Reiner Eran , Feigin Paul , Oved Kfir , Tadmor Boaz , Singer Pierre , Kagan Ilya , Lev Shaul , Diker Dror , Jarjou’i Amir , Kurd Ramzi , Ben-Chetrit Eli , Danziger Guy , Papan Cihan , Motov Sergey , Shapira Ma’anit , Stein Michal , Klein Adi , Gottlieb Tanya M , Eden Eran 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAccurately identifying COVID-19 patients at-risk to deteriorate remains challenging. Tools integrating host-protein expression have proven useful in determining infection etiology and hold potential for prognosticating disease severity.METHODSAdults with COVID-19 were recruited at medical centers in Israel, Germany, and the United States. Severe outcome was defined as intensive care unit admission, non-invasive or invasive ventilation, or death. Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and interferon gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10; also known as CXCL10) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured using an analyzer providing values within 15 minutes. A signature indicating the likelihood of severe outcome was derived generating a score (0-100). Patients were assigned to 4 score bins.RESULTSBetween March and November 2020, 518 COVID-19 patients were enrolled, of whom 394 were eligible, 29% meeting a severe outcome. The signature’s area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.81-0.91). Performance was not confounded by age, sex, or comorbidities and superior to IL-6 (AUC 0.77; p = 0.033) and CRP (AUC 0.78; p < 0.001). Likelihood of severe outcome increased significantly (p < 0.001) with higher scores. The signature differentiated patients who further deteriorated after meeting a severe outcome from those who improved (p = 0.004) and projected 14-day survival probabilities (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONThe derived immune-protein signature combined with a rapid measurement platform is an accurate predictive tool for early detection of COVID-19 patients at-risk for severe outcome, facilitating timely care escalation and de-escalation and appropriate resource allocation.FUNDINGMeMed funded the study