bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic analysis of coenzyme binding to betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase dependent on potassium
Authors: Muñoz‐Bacasehua César , Rosas‐Rodríguez Jesús A. , López‐Zavala Alexis Alonso , Valenzuela‐Soto Elisa M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlycine betaine is the main osmolyte synthesized and accumulated in mammalian renal cells. Glycine betaine synthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) using NAD+ as the coenzyme. Previous studies have shown that porcine kidney betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (pkBADH) binds NAD+ with different affinities at each active site and that the binding is K+ dependent. The objective of this work was to analyze the changes in the pkBADH secondary and tertiary structure resulting from variable concentrations of NAD+ and the role played by K+. Intrinsic fluorescence studies were carried out at fixed‐variable concentrations of K+ and titrating the enzyme with varying concentrations of NAD+. Fluorescence analysis showed a shift of the maximum emission towards red as the concentration of K+ was increased. Changes in the exposure of tryptophan located near the NAD+ binding site were found when the enzyme was titrated with NAD+ in the presence of potassium. Fluorescence data analysis showed that the K+ presence promoted static quenching that facilitated the pkBADH–NAD+ complex formation. DC data analysis showed that binding of K+ to the enzyme caused changes in the α‐helix content of 4% and 12% in the presence of 25 mM and 100 mM K+, respectively. The presence of K+ during NAD+ binding to pkBADH increased the thermal stability of the complex. These results indicated that K+ facilitated the pkBADH–NAD+ complex formation and suggested that K+ caused small changes in secondary and tertiary structures that could influence the active site conformation.
Relationship between intelligence quotient measures and computerized neurocognitive performance in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Gur Ruben C. , Moore Tyler M. , Weinberger Ronnie , Mekori‐Domachevsky Ehud , Gross Raz , Emanuel Beverly S. , Zackai Elaine H. , Moss Edward , Gallagher Robert Sean , McGinn Daniel E. , Crowley Terrence Blaine , McDonald‐McGinn Donna , Gothelf Doron , Gur Raquel E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntelligence quotient (IQ) testing is standard for evaluating cognitive abilities in genomic studies but requires professional expertise in administration and interpretation, and IQ scores do not translate into insights on implicated brain systems that can link genes to behavior. Individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) often undergo IQ testing to address special needs, but access to testing in resource‐limited settings is challenging. The brief Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (CNB) provides measures of cognitive abilities related to brain systems and can screen for cognitive dysfunction. To examine the relation between CNB measures and IQ, we evaluated participants with the 22q11.2DS from Philadelphia and Tel Aviv (N = 117; 52 females; mean age 18.8) who performed both an IQ test and the CNB with a maximum of 5 years between administrations and a subsample (n = 24) who had both IQ and CNB assessments at two time points. We estimated domain‐level CNB scores using exploratory factor analysis (including bifactor for overall scores) and related those scores (intraclass correlations (ICCs)) to the IQ scores. We found that the overall CNB accuracy score showed similar correlations between time 1 and time 2 as IQ (0.775 for IQ and 0.721 for CNB accuracy), correlated well with the IQ scores (ICC = 0.565 and 0.593 for time 1 and time 2, respectively), and correlated similarly with adaptive functioning (0.165 and 0.172 for IQ and CNB, respectively). We provide a crosswalk (from linear equating) between standardized CNB and IQ scores. Results suggest that one can substitute the CNB for IQ testing in future genetic studies that aim to probe specific domains of brain‐behavior relations beyond IQ.
Lithium orotate: A superior option for lithium therapy?
Authors: Pacholko Anthony G. , Bekar Lane K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) poses a significant public health concern, with roughly one‐quarter of sufferers attempting suicide. BD is characterized by manic and depressive mood cycles, the recurrence of which can be effectively curtailed through lithium therapy. Unfortunately, the most frequently employed lithium salt, lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), is associated with a host of adverse health outcomes following chronic use: these unwanted effects range from relatively minor inconveniences (e.g., polydipsia and polyuria) to potentially major complications (e.g., hypothyroidism and/or renal impairment). As these undesirable effects can limit patient compliance, an alternative lithium compound with a lesser toxicity profile would dramatically improve treatment efficacy and outcomes. Lithium orotate (LiC5H3N2O4; henceforth referred to as LiOr), a compound largely abandoned since the late 1970s, may represent such an alternative. LiOr is proposed to cross the blood–brain barrier and enter cells more readily than Li2CO3, which will theoretically allow for reduced dosage requirements and ameliorated toxicity concerns. This review addresses the controversial history of LiOr, complete with discussions of experimental and clinical efficacy, putative mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and its potential future in therapy.
The effect of the March 2020 COVID‐19 lockdown on national psychiatric contacts in Denmark: An interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Hansen Jens Peter , van Sas Tessa Quirina Bang , Fløjstrup Marianne , Brabrand Mikkel , Hvolby Allan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in national lockdowns in several countries. Previous global epidemics led to an increase in the number of psychiatric patients presenting symptoms of anxiety or depression. Knowledge about the impact of early lockdown initiatives during the COVID‐19 pandemic on the number of healthcare interactions is sparse. Contacts in this study include all recorded face‐to‐face (FTF) and virtual treatment interactions between patients and healthcare systems.Aim: To investigate both the impact of the Danish lockdown event on psychiatric patients’ contact with the healthcare system, stratified by type of contact (FTF or virtual) and ICD‐10 diagnosis, and how acute contacts were impacted in the five regions in Denmark.Methods: An interrupted time series analysis was applied to determine the effect of the COVID‐19 lockdown event on the number of contacts with psychiatric hospitals in Denmark, from February 25, 2019 to May 3, 2020. The analyses took a Box‐Jenkins approach to fit an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model.Results: Virtual contacts replaced most FTF contacts during the lockdown. For most patient groups, the total number of contacts did not decrease significantly. However, for adult patients diagnosed with ICD‐10 F 0–10, 10–19, and 60–69 and child and adolescent patients diagnosed with F 10–19, 70–79, and 80–89, the number of contacts decreased during lockdown. The number of acute contacts with the psychiatric system decreased significantly in all regions in Denmark during lockdown.Discussion: The Danish healthcare system was forced to introduce innovative tele‐psychiatry to mental health care during the lockdown. Disruption to service delivery was minimized because the resources were in place to sustain the transition from FTF to virtual contacts.
The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO): Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer, 2021
Authors: Wang Feng‐Hua , Zhang Xiao‐Tian , Li Yuan‐Fang , Tang Lei , Qu Xiu‐Juan , Ying Jie‐Er , Zhang Jun , Sun Ling‐Yu , Lin Rong‐Bo , Qiu Hong , Wang Chang , Qiu Miao‐Zhen , Cai Mu‐Yan , Wu Qi , Liu Hao , Guan Wen‐Long , Zhou Ai‐Ping , Zhang Yu‐Jing , Liu Tian‐Shu , Bi Feng , Yuan Xiang‐Lin , Rao Sheng‐Xiang , Xin Yan , Sheng Wei‐Qi , Xu Hui‐Mian , Li Guo‐Xin , Ji Jia‐Fu , Zhou Zhi‐Wei , Liang Han , Zhang Yan‐Qiao , Jin Jing , Shen Lin , Li Jin , Xu Rui‐Hua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere exist differences in the epidemiological characteristics, clinicopathological features, tumor biological characteristics, treatment patterns, and drug selections between gastric cancer patients from the Eastern and Western countries. The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) has organized a panel of senior experts specializing in all sub‐specialties of gastric cancer to compile a clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer since 2016 and renews it annually. Taking into account regional differences, giving full consideration to the accessibility of diagnosis and treatment resources, these experts have conducted expert consensus judgment on relevant evidence and made various grades of recommendations for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer to reflect the value of cancer treatment and meeting health economic indexes in China. The 2021 CSCO Clinical Practice Guidelines for Gastric Cancer covers the diagnosis, treatment, follow‐up, and screening of gastric cancer. Based on the 2020 version of the CSCO Chinese Gastric Cancer guidelines, this updated guideline integrates the results of major clinical studies from China and overseas for the past year, focused on the inclusion of research data from the Chinese population for more personalized and clinically relevant recommendations. For the comprehensive treatment of non‐metastatic gastric cancer, attentions were paid to neoadjuvant treatment. The value of perioperative chemotherapy is gradually becoming clearer and its recommendation level has been updated. For the comprehensive treatment of metastatic gastric cancer, recommendations for immunotherapy were included, and immune checkpoint inhibitors from third‐line to the first‐line of treatment for different patient groups with detailed notes are provided.
Yoga for cancer survivors with chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy: Health‐related quality of life outcomes
Authors: Zhi W. Iris , Baser Raymond E. , Zhi Lillian M. , Talukder Dristi , Li Qing S. , Paul Tina , Patterson Clare , Piulson Lauren , Seluzicki Christina , Galantino Mary L. , Bao Ting 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundYoga is a meditative movement therapy focused on mind‐body awareness. The impact of yoga on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes in patients with chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is unclear.MethodsWe conducted a pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of 8 weeks of yoga (n = 21) versus wait‐list control (n = 20) for CIPN in 41 breast and gynecological cancer survivors with persistent moderate to severe CIPN. HRQOL endpoints were Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The Treatment Expectancy Scale (TES) was administered at baseline. We estimated mean changes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from baseline to weeks 8 and 12 and compared arms using constrained linear mixed models.ResultsAt week 8, HADS anxiety scores decreased −1.61 (−2.75, −0.46) in the yoga arm and −0.32 (−1.38, 0.75) points in the wait‐list control arm (p = 0.099). At week 12, HADS anxiety scores decreased −1.42 (−2.57, −0.28) in yoga compared to an increase of 0.46 (−0.60, 1.53) in wait‐list control (p = 0.017). There were no significant differences in HADS depression, BFI, or ISI scores between yoga and wait‐list control. Baseline TES was significantly higher in yoga than in wait‐list control (14.9 vs. 12.7, p = 0.019). TES was not associated with HADS anxiety reduction and HADS anxiety reduction was not associated with CIPN pain reduction.ConclusionsYoga may reduce anxiety in patients with CIPN. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings.Clinical Trial Registration Number: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03292328.
Changes in Compositional Properties during Fruit Development and On‐Tree Ripening of Two Common Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Cultivars
Authors: Karabulut Ihsan , Ozdemir Ibrahim S. , Koc Tugca B. , Sislioglu Kubra , Gokbulut Incilay , Saritepe Yuksel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to investigate the variations in some major primary (sugars and organic acids) and secondary (phenolics, β‐carotene) metabolite contents during fruit development and ripening in two important apricot cultivars (Hacıhaliloğlu and Kabaaşı). The changes in the compositional properties of two apricot cultivars were monitored during fruit development with one‐week intervals from 56 to 119 days after blossom. During fruit development, the contents of organic acids and phenolics decreased whereas that of sucrose and sorbitol increased. p‐Coumaric acid was the only phenolic compound which increased in concentration during fruit development regardless of the cultivar. The content of the other phenolic compounds decreased in a cultivar‐dependent manner. The β‐carotene content of the cultivars showed distinct patterns of change such that 3 fold increase in β‐carotene content of Kabaaşı cultivar was observed whereas the β‐carotene content of the Hacıhaliloğlu cultivar did not show any significant change during fruit development.
Effect of biopolymer mixing ratios and aqueous phase conditions on the interfacial and emulsifying properties of lentil protein isolate–κ‐carrageenan and lentil protein isolate–ι‐carrageenan complexes
Authors: Wang Yingxin , Ghosh Supratim , Nickerson Michael T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe use of plant protein ingredients within the food industry is increasing rapidly due to their lower cost, greater environmental sustainability, perceived safety concerns related to consuming animal products, and consumer dietary preferences. Lentil protein, as an emerging nonsoy, gluten‐free, plant‐based protein, could play more important role in food processing. However, plant proteins generally contribute lower solubility than animal proteins; incorporation of polysaccharides such as carrageenan could tailor the functionality of lentil protein. This work aimed to investigate the complexation behavior between lentil protein isolate (LPI) and carrageenan (κ‐carrageenan: κ‐C and ι‐carrageenan: ι‐C) as a function of pH and biopolymer mixing ratio, and the emulsifying properties of their resulting soluble and insoluble complexes.FindingsIncorporation of both κ‐C and ι‐C into the LPI solution led to the suppression of large protein aggregates being formed during a turbidimetric pH acid titration. As LPI–carrageenan mixing ratio decreased, maximum optical density (max OD) values for both LPI‐κ‐C and LPI‐ι‐C systems decreased. Emulsions made at pH 6 showed higher emulsion stability than those made at pH 3.5 for each sample. Emulsions at pH 6 also formed smaller, more uniform, and higher charged droplets and showed lower interfacial tension. 4:1 LPI‐κ‐C and 4:1 LPI‐ι‐C emulsions at pH 6 showed higher emulsion viscosity and higher corresponding continuous phase viscosity.ConclusionsSoluble and insoluble complexes were formed between LPI and both carrageenan polysaccharides through electrostatic interactions at pH 6 and pH 3.5, respectively. Emulsions prepared at pH 6 showed higher stability than emulsions at pH 3.5, where the highest emulsion stability was contributed to 4:1 LPI‐κ‐C and 4:1 LPI‐ι‐C emulsions.Significance and noveltyLentil protein interacted with carrageenan through electrostatic attraction, where soluble complexes were formed between the positive patches on LPI and negatively charged carrageenan and insoluble complexes were formed between positively charged LPI and negatively charged carrageenan. Both types of electrostatic complexes were used to prepare emulsions, and soluble complexes were shown to contribute better emulsion stability than insoluble complexes. Preparation of the stable LPI–carrageenan‐based emulsion is a low‐cost, nonsolvent, and relatively easy process, which shows potential for further food applications.
Large‐Scale Production of Carbon‐Supported Cobalt‐Based Functional Nanoparticles for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Bähr Alexander , Petersen Hilke , Tüysüz Harun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA series of Co‐based nanoparticles supported on activated carbon was synthesized by using waste tea leaves as a template as well as a sustainable carbon source. The crystal structure of the Co particles was adjusted by post‐treatments with H2O2, ethanol vapor, and H2, which result in Co3O4, CoO, and metallic Co phases, respectively. After these different treatments, the composite materials consist of small Co‐based nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of 6–14 nm supported on activated carbon with apparent specific surface areas up to 1065 m2 g−1. Correlations between the structure of the materials and their activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) were established, whereby the post‐treatment with ethanol vapor was found to yield the most effective electrocatalyst. The material shows good stability at 10 mA cm−2 over 10 h and reaches a mass activity of 2.9 A mgCo−1, which is even higher than pristine ordered mesoporous Co3O4. The superior electrocatalytic performance is ascribed to a high dispersion of Co‐based nanoparticles and the conductivity of the activated carbon that facilitate the charge transport.
Effect of Support Properties on Selective Butanediols Production from Erythritol using Ir/ReOx Catalysts
Authors: Virgilio Emanuel M. , Padró Cristina L. , Sad María E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study reports the selective obtaining of butanediols (BDO), widely used in the polymer and synthetic rubber industry, by C−O hydrogenolysis of erythritol. The effect of the support on catalytic activity and selectivity to BDO was exhaustively studied using Ir/ReOx catalysts supported on SiO2, Al2O3, activated carbon, CeO2, TiO2 and ZrO2. The catalysts were thoroughly characterized and it was found that the physicochemical, redox and acidic properties of the supports notably influenced the metal dispersion, reducibility of the species and particle sizes. The most active and selective catalyst was Ir/ReOx/TiO2 (maximum BDO yield of 53 %), favoring C−O hydrogenolysis and minimizing C−C scissions and dehydration reactions. This superior performance was attributed to the formation of small clusters with an intimate contact between Ir and partially oxidized Re species (mainly Re+IV) that favors the appropriate adsorption of erythritol on ReO2 and the further interaction with H2 adsorbed on Ir0 to render BDO.
Electrochemical Effect of Cokes‐Derived Activated Carbon with Partially Graphitic Structure for Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Kang Seo Hui , Jeong Jun Hui , Chae Ji Su , Kang Yun Chan , Roh Kwang Chul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report the optimized electrochemical performance of a hybrid supercapacitor constructed with cokes‐derived activated carbon (CAC) and Li4Ti5O12/carbon nanotube (LTO/CNT), which has improved capacitance and rate capability. The improved capacitance of the CAC is attributed to additional shallow intercalation due to the remaining graphitic structure with ion adsorption via optimized surface area and pore structure. The graphitic structure is partially maintained via adjusted KOH activation conditions. The improved rate capability of LTO/CNT is affected by the increase in electronic conductivity, which entails the formation of an electron pathway via a 3D CNT network, whereas nanosized LTO arrangements are embedded in the CNT structure. The maximum energy and power densities of the hybrid supercapacitor are 69.1 Wh kg−1 and 16.5 W kg−1, respectively, whereas the cycle‐life performance is 88 % after 8000 cycles. This hybrid supercapacitor can allow for the expansion of the application of supercapacitors.
Metal‐Organic Framework Derived Nanostructured Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Dey Gargi , Shadab  , Aijaz Arshad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith continuously increasing energy requirements, electrochemical water splitting is a solution to generate hydrogen as a carbon‐free fuel for future energy demands. Water splitting reaction is made up of two half electrochemical reactions ‐ hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxygen evolution (OER). The principal components of these electrochemical reactions are electrode materials, which are currently facing challenges in performance improvement, thus developing advanced electrode materials or electrocatalysts is essential. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline porous materials that have recently exhibited great potential as precursor for designing excellent water splitting electrocatalysts. These MOF‐derived materials are not attractive just because of high‐performance in electrocatalysis but also owing to their fascinating nanostructures, which are difficult to achieve by other synthetic methods. Search for well‐shaped nanostructured materials using MOF as a precursor for water splitting have attracted the attention in recent time and is a rapidly growing research area. This review summarizes the progress towards MOF‐derived electrocatalysts for water electrolysis especially focusing on nanostructure engineering, structure‐property correlations, and their bifunctional HER/OER performances. Performance of these bifunctional catalysts in two‐electrode electrolyzers are also discussed. Finally, existing obstacles and the future prospects of MOF‐derived bifunctional water splitting electrocatalysts are elaborated.
Enantioselective Recognition of Racemic Amino Alcohols in Aqueous Solution by Chiral Metal‐Oxide Keplerate {Mo132} Cluster Capsules
Authors: Pow Robert W. , Sinclair Zoё L. , Bell Nicola L. , Watfa Nancy , Abul‐Haija Yousef M. , Long De‐Liang , Cronin Leroy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDetermining the relative configuration or enantiomeric excess of a substance may be achieved using NMR spectroscopy by employing chiral shift reagents (CSRs). Such reagents interact noncovalently with the chiral solute, resulting in each chiral form experiencing different magnetic anisotropy; this is then reflected in their NMR spectra. The Keplerate polyoxometalate (POM) is a molybdenum‐based, water‐soluble, discrete inorganic structure with a pore‐accessible inner cavity, decorated by differentiable ligands. Through ligand exchange from the self‐assembled nanostructure, a set of chiral Keplerate host molecules has been synthesised. By exploiting the interactions of analyte molecules at the surface pores, the relative configuration of chiral amino alcohol guests (phenylalaninol and 2‐amino‐1‐phenylethanol) in aqueous solvent was establish and their enantiomeric excess was determined by 1H NMR using shifts of ΔΔδ=0.06 ppm. The use of POMs as chiral shift reagents represents an application of a class that is yet to be well established and opens avenues into aqueous host‐guest chemistry with self‐assembled recognition agents.