bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis by Mast Cell in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kim Kyoung-Woon , Kim Bo-Mi , Won Ji-Yeon , Min Hong-Ki , Lee Kyung-Ann , Lee Sang-Heon , KIM HAE-RIM 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: We aimed to define the inflammatory and tissue-destructive roles of mast cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Serum and synovial fluid (SF) concentration levels of tryptase, chymase, and histamine were quantified using ELISA. After activating mast cells using IL-33, the production of TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-17, RANKL, and MMPs was determined using real-time PCR and ELISA. Osteoclastogenesis was assessed in CD14+ monocytes from peripheral blood and SF, which were cultured with IL-33-activated mast cells, by counting TRAP-positive multinucleated cells. Results: The concentration levels of serum tryptase, chymase, and histamine and SF histamine were higher in patients with RA than in controls. FceR1 and c-kit-positive mast cells were higher in RA synovium than in osteoarthritic (OA) synovium. Stimulation of mast cells by IL-33 increased the number of trypatse+chymase- and tryptase+chymase+ mast cells. IL-33 stimulation also increased the gene expression levels of TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-17, RANKL, and MMP-9 in mast cells. Furthermore, IL-33 stimulated human CD14+ monocytes to differentiate into TRAP+ multinucleated osteoclasts. When CD14+ monocytes were co-cultured with mast cells, osteoclast differentiation was increased. Additionally, IL-33-activated mast cells stimulated osteoclast differentiation. The inhibition of intercellular contact between mast cells and monocytes using inserts reduced osteoclast differentiation. Conclusions: IL-33 increased inflammatory and tissue destructive cytokines by activation of mast cells. Mast cells stimulated osteoclast differentiation in monocytes. Mast cells could stimulate osteoclastogenesis indirectly through production of tissue destructive cytokines and directly through stimulation of osteoclast precursors.
Comparison of levonorgestrel level and creamatocrit in milk following immediate vs. delayed postpartum placement of the levonorgestrel IUD
Authors: Hopelian Niaree , Simmons Rebecca G. , Sanders Jessica N , Ward Katherine , Jenkins Sabrina Malone , Espey Eve , Turok David K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Breastfeeding and postpartum contraception critically influence infant and maternal health outcomes. In this pilot study, we explore the effects of timing and duration of postpartum levonorgestrel exposure on milk lipid and levonorgestrel content to establish baseline data for future research.Methods: This sub-study recruited a balanced convenience sample from 259 participants enrolled in a parent randomized controlled trial comparing immediate to delayed (4-8 weeks) postpartum levonorgestrel IUD placement. All planned to breastfeed, self-selected for sub-study participation, and provided the first sample at 4-8 weeks postpartum (before IUD placement for the delayed group) and the second four weeks later. We used the Wilcoxon rank sum (inter-group) and signed rank (intra-group) tests to compare milk lipid content (creamatocrit) and levonorgestrel levels between groups and time points.Results: We recruited 15 participants from the immediate group and 17 from the delayed group with 10 and 12, respectively, providing both early and late samples. Initially, median levonorgestrel concentration of the immediate group (n=10) (32.5 pg/mL, IQR: 24.8, 59.4) exceeded that of the delayed group (n=12) (17.5 pg/mL, IQR: 0.0, 25.8) (p=0.01). Four weeks later, the values aligned: 26.2 pg/mL (IQR: 20.3, 37.3) vs. 28.0 pg/mL (IQR: 25.2, 40.8). Creamatocrits were similar between both groups and timepoints.Conclusions: Immediate postpartum levonorgestrel IUD placement results in steady, low levels of levonorgestrel in milk without apparent effects on lipid content. These findings provide initial support for the safety of immediate postpartum levonorgestrel IUD initiation, though the study was not powered to detect noninferiority between groups. Trial Registration: This randomized controlled trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (registry number NCT01990703) on November 21, 2013.
Electronic Forms For Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) ARE AN Effective, Time-Efficient, And Cost-Minimizing Alternative To Paper Forms
Authors: Yu Jennifer Y , Goldberg Talia , Lao Nicholas , Feldman Brian M , Goh Y. Ingrid 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) provide valuable insight on patients’ well-being and facilitates communication between healthcare providers and their patients. The increased integration of the technology within the healthcare setting presents the opportunity to collect PROMs electronically, rather than on paper. The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and Quality of My Life (QoML) are common PROMs collected from pediatric rheumatology patients. The objectives of this study are to a) determine the equivalence of the paper and electronic forms (e-form) of CHAQ and QoML questionnaires; b) identify potential benefits and barriers associated with using an e-form to capture PROMs; and c) gather feedback on user experience. METHODS: Participants completed both a paper and an e-form of the questionnaires in a randomized order, following which they completed a feedback survey. Agreement of the scores between the forms were statistically analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (95% Confidence Interval (CI)) and bias was assessed using a Bland-Altman plot. Completion and processing times of the forms were compared using mean and median measures. Quantitative analysis was performed to assess user experience ratings, while comments were qualitatively analyzed to identify important themes.RESULTS: 196 patients participated in this project. Scores on the forms had high ICC agreement >0.9. New patients took longer than returning patients to complete the forms. Overall, the e-form was completed and processed in a shorter amount of time than the paper form. 83% of survey respondents indicated that they either preferred the e-form or had no preference. Approximately 10% of respondents suggested improvements to improve the user interface.CONCLUSIONS: E-forms collect comparable information in an efficient manner to paper forms. Given that patients and caregivers indicated they preferred completing PROMs in this manner, we will implement their suggested changes and incorporate e-forms as standard practice for PROMs collection in our pediatric rheumatology clinic.
Microorganisms and clinical outcomes of early- and late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia at Srinagarind Hospital, a tertiary center in Northeastern Thailand
Authors: Arayasukawat Pavarit , So-ngern Apichart - , Reechaipichitkul Wipa , Chumpangern Worawat , Arunsurat Itthiphat , Ratanawatkul Pailin , Chuennok Wanna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nocosomial infection in intensive care unit (ICU). Local microbiological surveillance of pathogens and resistance patterns for early-onset VAP (EOVAP) and late-onset VAP (LOVAP) will help to choose appropriate empiric antibiotics. Objective: To compare the multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens, treatment outcomes, and factors associated with hospital mortality of VAP. Method: A cross-sectional study between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017 at Srinagarind hospital, Khon Kaen University was conducted. The demographic data, causative pathogens, hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, mechanical ventilator (MV) days, and hospital mortality were retrospectively reviewed. Results: One hundred and ninety patients were enrolled; 42 patients (22%) were EOVAP and 148 patients (78%) were LOVAP. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most common pathogen in both groups (50 % EOVAP vs 52.7% LOVAP). MDR pathogens were significant greater in LOVAP (81.8 %) than EOVAP (61.9%) (p = 0.007). The EOVAP had a significantly better ICU LOS (median (interquartile range, IQR) 20.0 (11.0, 30.0) vs. 26.5 (17.0, 43.0) days), hospital LOS (median (IQR) 26.5 (15.0, 44.0) vs. 35.5 (24.0, 56.0) days) shorter MV days (median (IQR) 14.0 (10.0, 29.0) vs. 23.0 (14.0, 35.5) days) and lower hospital mortality (16.7% VS 35.1%) than LOVAP (p < 0.05). The factor associated with hospital mortality was having simplified acute physiology (SAP) II score ≥ 40 with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.22 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-4.54, p = 0.02). Conclusion: LOVAP had significantly higher MDR pathogens, MV days, ICU LOS, hospital LOS and hospital mortality than EOVAP. A broad-spectrum antibiotic to cover MDR pathogens should be considered in LOVAP. The factor associated with hospital mortality of VAP was a SAPII score ≥ 40.
Sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates of exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers on antiretroviral therapy in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Goon Daniel Ter , Ajayi Anthony Idowu , Adeniyi Oladele Vincent 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is associated with a reduction of postnatal HIV transmission and optimal infant growth. Given that the factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding are multi-factorial and context-specific, we examined the prevalence and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice in the first six months among mothers on antiretroviral therapy in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January – May 2018 on 469 parturient women enlisted in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission cohort study in the Eastern Cape. Mothers were asked to recall whether they breastfed their infant exclusively with breast milk from birth and if so, to state how long they did. We collected relevant sociodemographic, lifestyle, and maternal information by interview. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were fitted to determine the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice.Results: The prevalence of six-month exclusive breastfeeding, measured since birth, was 32.0%. EBF’s prevalence was significantly higher among married women (36.8%), unemployed women (36.6%), non-smokers (32.7%), and those who never drank alcohol (37.0%). Unemployed women [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.66, 95% Confidence Interval CI), 1.08-2.56] and those with grade 12 or less level of education (AOR =2.76, 95% CI, 1.02-7.49) had a higher likelihood of practising EBF for six months since birth while mothers who consumed alcohol (AOR = 0.54, 95% CI, 0.34-0.85) were less likely to practice EBF for six months. Conclusions: The prevalence of six-month exclusive breastfeeding in the study, although comparable with sub-Saharan Africa and worldwide prevalence, remains suboptimal. Advocacy campaigns on EBF must target alcohol cessation and the creation of a favourable workplace environment for lactating mothers.
Analysis of histology and long noncoding RNAs involved in the rabbit hair follicle density using RNA sequencing
Authors: Ding Haisheng , Zhao Huiling , Zhao Xiaowei , Qi Yunxia , Wang Xiaofei , Huang Dongwei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Hair follicle density influences wool fibre production, which is one of the most important traits of the Wan strain Angora rabbit. However, molecular mechanisms regulating hair follicle density have remained elusive. Results: In this study, hair follicle density at different body sites of Wan strain Angora rabbits with high and low wool production (HWP and LWP) was investigated by histological analysis. Haematoxylin-eosin staining showed a higher hair follicle density in the skin of the HWP rabbits. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) profile was investigated by RNA sequencing, and 50 and 38 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and genes, respectively, were screened between the HWP and LWP groups. A gene ontology analysis revealed that phospholipid, lipid metabolic, apoptotic, lipid biosynthetic, and lipid and fatty acid transport processes were significantly enriched. Potential functional lncRNAs that regulate lipid metabolism, amino acid synthesis, as well as the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and hedgehog signalling pathways, were identified. Consequently, five lncRNAs (LNC_002171, LNC_000797, LNC_005567, LNC_013595, and LNC_020367) were considered to be potential regulators of hair follicle density and development. Three DE lncRNAs and genes were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). Conclusions: LncRNA profiles provide information on lncRNA expression to improve the understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of hair follicle density.
Reduced Metagenome Sequencing for strain-resolution taxonomic profiles
Authors: Snipen Lars , Angell Inga-Leena , Rognes Torbjørn , Rudi Knut 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundStudies of shifts in microbial community composition has many applications. For studies at species or subspecies levels, the 16S amplicon sequencing lacks resolution, and is often replaced by full shotgun sequencing. Due to higher costs, this restricts the number of samples sequenced. As an alternative to a full shotgun sequencing we have investigated the use of Reduced Metagenome Sequencing (RMS) to estimate the composition of a microbial community. This involves the use of double-digested restriction associated DNA sequencing, which means only a smaller fraction of the genomes are sequenced. The read sets obtained by this approach have properties different from both amplicon and shotgun data, and analysis pipelines for both can either not be used at all or do not explore the full potential of RMS data.ResultsWe suggest a procedure for analyzing such data, based on fragment clustering and the use of a constrained ordinary least square de-convolution for estimating the relative abundance of all community members. Mock-community data sets shows the potential to clearly separate between strains even when the 16S is 100% identical and genome-wide differences is <0.02, indicating RMS has a very high resolution. From a simulation study we compare RMS to shotgun sequencing and show that we get improved abundance estimates when the community has many very closely related genomes. From a real data set of infants guts we show that RMS is capable of detecting a strain-diversity gradient for Escherichia coli across time.ConclusionWe find that RMS is a good alternative to either metabarcoding or shotgun sequencing when it comes to resolving microbial communities at the strain-level. Like shotgun metagenomics, it requires a good database of reference genomes, and is well suited for studies of the human gut or other communities where many reference genomes exist. A data analysis pipeline is offered, as an R package at https://github.com/larssnip/microRMS.
Structure of the far-red light utilizing&nbsp;photosystem I of&nbsp;Acaryochloris marina
Authors: Hamaguchi Tasuku , Kawakami Keisuke , Shinzawa-Itoh Kyoko , Inoue-Kashino Natsuko , Itoh Shigeru , Ifuku Kentaro , Yamashita Eiki , Maeda Kou , Yonekura Koji , Kashino Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Acaryochloris marina is one of the cyanobacteria that can use far-red light to drive photochemical reactions for oxygenic photosynthesis. Here, we report the structure of the photosystem I reaction center of A. marina determined by cryo-electron microscopy at 2.5 Å resolution. The structure reveals an arrangement of electron carriers and light-harvesting pigments different from other type I reaction centers. The paired chlorophyll, so-called special pair, of P740 is a dimer of chlorophyll d/d′ and the primary electron acceptor is pheophytin a, a metal-less chlorin different from the chlorophyll a common to all other type I reaction centers. Here we show the architecture of the photosystem I reaction center is composed of 11 subunits and identify key components that help explain how the low energy yield from far-red light is efficiently utilized for driving oxygenic photosynthesis.
Two novel QTLs for harvest index contribute to high yield production in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Saito Hiroki , Fukuta Y. , Obara Mitsuhiro , Tomita Asami , Ishimaru Tsutomu , Sasaki Kazuhiro , Fujita Daisuke , Kobayashi Nobuya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background The harvest index (HI) is a measure of the biological success of forming harvestable products. However, our understanding of the genetic basis of HI in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is limited, because it is a complex trait consisting of various yield-related traits and physiological attributes. YTH183 is a high-yielding line with large panicles and high HI derived from a cross between the Indica Group variety IR 64 and the NPT line IR 69093-41-2-3-2 (YP5).Results Here, we detected two novel QTLs for HI, designated qHI5.1 on chromosome 5 and qHI8.1 on chromosome 8, by using 155 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between IR 64 and YTH183. The YTH183 allele at qHI5.1 contributed to a wide grain, resulting in heavy grain weight and panicle weight, and was consistently effective under the different environmental conditions of subtropical (Ishigaki) and temperate (Tsukuba) regions. Genetic polymorphism revealed that qHI5.1 was identical to GSE5/GW5, which is known to control the grain weight. On the other hand, although qHI8.1 functioned additively with qHI5.1 for higher HI, it did not show any significant effect on grain or panicle weight. In addition, its effects on HI were shown only in the first seasons at Ishigaki but not at Tsukuba or in the second season at Ishigaki. Conclusion Our results indicate that qHI5.1 controls the grain size, regardless of whether environmental conditions are of subtropical or temperate regions, while qHI8.1 might be involved in controlling the physiological processes of source ability or the translocation of photosynthesis products from vegetative organs to grains depending on environmental conditions during the maturing stage. These QTLs will be useful genetic resources for future breeding programs to break through the ceiling of maximum yield in Indica Group varieties.
Frequency of Fabry disease in a Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Cohort
Authors: Paim-Marques Luciana , Cavalcante Amanda Virginia , Verçosa Islane , Carneiro Paula , Souto-Maior Marcia , Marques Erlane , Appenzeller Simone 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Fabry disease (FD) is a rare, X-linked, multisystemic lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) that results from a deficiency in the hydrolase alpha-galactosidase A (⍺-GalA). During childhood, classic FD symptomatology is rare. The majority of children may show non-specific symptoms, including in the musculoskeletal system. The prevalence of FD among juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients is unknown.Objective: This study aimed to identify the frequency of FD in a JIA cohort, characterizing early clinical symptoms, enzyme titers, and GLA genotyping.Methods: Children with JIA followed in a tertiary Children Hospital cohort were selected. Clinical, laboratory and familiar information were recorded. Molecular genetic testing to detect GLA gene mutations was performed in girls and enzymatic analysis in boys.Results: In 89 patients (56.2% female, age at disease onset: 8.93 ± 4.35 years), one male (1.12%) patient presented pathogenic mutation in GLA gene, c.1244T>C p.L415P, one female patient had a variant of uncertain significance c.38C>T (p.Ala13Val). Three additional (3.4%) patients had the enzymatic activity of alpha-galactosidase slightly decreased. We observed the presence of intronic variants in 44.44% of patients in our cohort: c.1000-22C> T; c.370-81_-77del; c.640-16A> G; c.10C>T; c.548-125C> G and c.-12G> A. These variants and their combination were associated with clinical symptoms in our cohort.Conclusions: The incidence of FD in our cohort was 1.12%. Intronic variants were associated with symptoms previously described in the literature. Screening for FD in JIA may be a reasonable strategy for those with an atypical pattern of pain.
Patients’ values and other decisional factors regarding treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Bassatne Aya , Rahme Maya , Piggott Thomas , Murad Mohammad H , Hneiny Layal , Fuleihan Ghada El-Hajj 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Hypercalcemia of malignancy is the second most common cause of hypercalcemia and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Several treatment options are available including pharmacological therapy with bisphosphonates, denosumab, glucocorticoids, and calcimimetics, as well as conventional therapy with hydration and possibly calcitonin. While guidelines have previously considered treatment effects, no guideline has yet considered a range of contextual factors impacting recommendations for the management. Objective: The aim of this study is to summarize the available evidence on important decisional factors for the development of guidelines for the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy. These include patient’s values and preferences, cost, acceptability, feasibility, and equity. Methods/Design: This is a systematic review of observational studies, case series, trials, reviews and qualitative studies involving treatment of adult patients with hypercalcemia of malignancy. We developed and executed two independent search strategies using five databases: Pubmed, Medline (OVID), Embase.com, CINAHL (EBSCO) and Cochrane, and reviewed their combined output. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts and full texts and will implement data abstraction from relevant studies independently and in duplicate. The outcomes of interest are the decisional factors that influence drug selection, with possible subgroup analyses by drug class or etiology of hypercalcemia of malignancy. We will present the data collected in a narrative and thematic approach. Discussion: This systematic review will identify important treatment decisional factors, and will assist guidelines panels, physicians and patients to decide on therapeutic options based on the current evidence.
Does prenatal anxiety or depression symptoms are associated with asthma or atopic diseases throughout the offspring’s childhood? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Shuguang , Chen Sheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAsthma is the most common respiratory disease among children, while atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis affect about 20% of infants under 2 years old. Recently, studies suggest that they may all be related to prenatal depression or anxiety, but further research and analysis are needed. This study aimed to explore the association between prenatal mental disorders and childhood asthma or atopic disease in a systematic review and meta-analysis of nine studies. MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched up to May 2020. The primary outcome was childhood asthma and childhood atopic dermatitis. Random-effects models were used because of high heterogeneity indicated by I2 >50% and Q-test P<0.10. ResultsA total of 598 studies were initially identified, but nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Prenatal mental disorder was associated with childhood asthma (n=6 studies; ES=1.146, 95%CI: 1.054-1.245, P=0.001; I2=93.5%, Pheterogeneity<0.001) whereas no significant association was found for childhood atopic dermatitis (n=4 studies; ES=1.211, 95%CI: 0.982-1.494, P=0.073; I2=78.5%, Pheterogeneity<0.001). Childhood asthma seems to be related more to depression (n=1 study; ES=1.170, 95%CI: 1.061-1.291, P=0.002) and anxiety/depression (n=4 studies; ES=1.157, 95%CI: 1.050-1.275, P=0.073; I2=95.3%, Pheterogeneity<0.001). ConclusionThis meta-analysis demonstrated that prenatal mental disorders increase the risk of childhood asthma. We limited the included samples to pregnant women to investigate the association between prenatal psychological factors and offspring’s physical health. Future studies should include large high-quality cohort studies to investigate the behavioral, environmental, and genetic causes for this association.