bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Source Attribution of Salmonellosis by Time and Geography in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: McLure Angus , Shadbolt Craig , Desmarchelier Patricia M. , Kirk Martyn D. , Glass Kathryn 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSalmonella is major cause of zoonotic illness around the world, arising from direct or indirect contact with a range of animal reservoirs. In the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW), salmonellosis is believed to be primarily foodborne, but the relative contribution of animal reservoirs is unknown.MethodsThe analysis included 4,543 serotyped isolates from animal reservoirs and 30,073 serotyped isolates from domestically acquired human cases in NSW between January 2008 and August 2019. We used a Bayesian source attribution methodology to estimate the proportion of foodborne Salmonella infections attributable to broiler chickens, layer chickens, ruminants, pigs, and an unknown or unsampled source. Additional analyses included covariates for four time periods and five levels of rurality.ResultsA single serotype, S. Typhimurium, accounted for 65-75% of included cases during 2008-2014 but <50% during 2017-2019. Attribution to layer chickens was highest during 2008-2010 (48.7%, 95%CrI: 24.2-70.3%) but halved by 2017-2019 (23.1%, 95%CrI: 5.7-38.9%) and was lower in the rural and remote populations than in the majority urban population. The proportion of cases attributed to the unsampled source was 11.3% (95%CrI: 1.2%–22.1%) overall, but higher in rural and remote populations. The proportion of cases attributed to pork increased from approximately 20% in 2009-2016 to approximately 40% in 2017-2019 coinciding with a rise in cases due to S. ser 4,5,12:i:-.Conclusion Layer chickens were likely the primary reservoir of domestically acquired Salmonella infections in NSW circa 2010, but attribution to the source declined contemporaneously with increased vaccination of layer flocks and tighter food safety regulations for the handling of eggs.
Mapping of Population Disparities in the Cholangiocarcinoma Urinary Metabolome
Authors: Alsaleh Munirah , Leftley Zoe , Connor Thomas O’ , Hughes Thomas , Barbera Thomas , Koomson Larry , Zabron Abigail , Reeves Helen , Cramp Matthew , Ryder Stephen , Greer Shaun , Prince Martin , Sithithaworn Paiboon , Khuntikeo Narong , Loilome Watcharin , Yongvanit Puangrat , Cox I. Jane , Williams Roger , Wadsworth Christopher , Holmes Elaine , Nash Kathryn , Andrews Ross , Taylor-Robinson Simon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Phenotypic diversity in urinary metabolomes of different geographical populations has been recognized recently. In this study, urinary metabolic signatures from Western (United Kingdom) and South-East Asian (Thai) cholangiocarcinoma patients were characterized to understand spectral variability due to host carcinogenic processes and/or exogenous differences (nutritional, environmental and pharmaceutical). Methods Urinary liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) spectral profiles from Thai (healthy=20 and cholangiocarcinoma=14) and UK cohorts (healthy=22 and cholangiocarcinoma=10) were obtained and modelled using chemometric data analysis. Results Healthy metabolome disparities between the two distinct populations were primarily related to differences in dietary practices and body composition. Metabolites excreted due to drug treatment were dominant in urine specimens from cholangiocarcinoma patients, particularly in Western individuals. Urine from participants with sporadic (UK) cholangiocarcinoma contained greater levels of a nucleotide metabolite (uridine/pseudouridine). Higher relative concentrations of 7-methylguanine were observed in urine specimens from Thai cholangiocarcinoma patients. The urinary excretion of hippurate and methyladenine (gut microbial-host co-metabolites) showed a similar pattern of lower levels in patients with malignant biliary tumours from both countries. Conclusion Intrinsic (body weight and body composition) and extrinsic (xenobiotic metabolism) factors were the main causes of disparities between the two populations. Regardless of the underlying aetiology, biological perturbations associated with cholangiocarcinoma urine metabolome signatures appeared to be influenced by gut microbial community metabolism. Dysregulation in nucleotide metabolism was associated with sporadic cholangiocarcinoma, possibly indicating differences in mitochondrial energy production pathways between cholangiocarcinoma tumour subtypes. Mapping population-specific metabolic disparities may aid in interpretation of disease processes and identification of candidate biomarkers.
Bibliometric Analysis of Rice And Climate Change Publications Based On Web of Science
Authors: Yuan Bao-Zhong , Sun Jie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To clarify the current situation, hotspots, and development trends, in the field of rice and climate change topic research, a massive literature dataset were analysed from the Web of Science database by bibliometric method. The research theme was chosen given the continuous increase of studies related to climatic changes and their consequences to rice. Based on the Web of Science core database, this study analyzed 3377 papers in the field of rice and climate change topic research from 1990 to 2021, which include 67 highly cited papers. Papers were mainly written in English (3,366, 99.674 %), from 12,655 authors, 3,259 organizations and 113 countries/territories, published in 761 journals and seven book series. The top five Journals are Science of the Total Environment (97, 2.872 %), Climatic Change (71, 2.102 %), Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (66, 1.954 %), Global Change Biology (65, 1.925 %) and Sustainability (64, 1.895 %), each published more than 64 papers. Top five countries and regions were Peoples R China, USA, India, Australia and Japan. Top five organizations of Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Agr Univ, Int Rice Res Inst (IRRI), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, and Univ Chinese Acad Sci were popular based on contribution of articles more than 116 papers each. Among the all authors, top five authors were Tao Fulu, Pan Genxing, Zhang Zhao, Hasegawa Toshihiro, Jagadish Krishna S.V., each published more than thirty papers. All keywords were separated seven clusters for different research topic. Visualizations offer exploratory information on the current state in a scientific field or discipline as well as indicate possible developments in the future. The results will help researchers clarify the current situation in rice and climate change adaptation science but also provide guidance for future research. This work is also useful for student identifying graduate schools and researchers selecting journals.
Biomechanical Analysis of Cortical Bone Trajectory Screw Versus Bone Cement Screw For Fixation In Porcine Spinal Low Bone Mass Model
Authors: Li Yifan , Xu Wei , Wang Silian , Chen Liwei , Shi Zhangpeng , Ye Xiaojian , Li Zhikun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To compare the biomechanics of cortical bone trajectory screw(CBT) and bone cement screw(BC) in isolated porcine spinal low bone mass model.Method: Ten porcine spines with 3 segments were treated with EDTA decalcification. After 8 weeks, all the models met the criteria of low bone mass. Ten specimens were randomly divided into two groups, one group was implanted with CBT screw(CBT group) and the other group was implanted with bone cement screw(BC group).The biomechanical material testing machine was used to compare the porcine spine activities of the two groups in flexion, extension, bending and axial rotation, and then insertional torque, pull-out force and anti-compression force of two groups were compared. Independent-sample t test was used for comparison between groups.Result: Ten 3 segments porcine spine models with low bone mass were established, the bone mineral density of all models was lower than 0.75g/cm2. The flexion, extension, bending and axial rotation angle of CBT group and BC group respectively were 7.1±1.3°,4.3±0.8°,3.4±0.8°,6.8±0.7°and 6.4±0.8°, 4.5±0.5°, 3.5±0.5°, 6.8±0.8°, there was no significant difference between the two groups,P＞0.05.However, there were significant differences between the two groups and the control group,P＜0.01.The insertional torque of the CBT group and BC group respectively were 0.43±0.09N-m and 0.30±0.07N-m (P=0.03), and the screw pull-out force were 462.67±72.51N and 325.60±77.27N (P=0.021), respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups. The anti-compression forces between the two groups were 3561.81±522.7N and 3586.80±607.42N, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P =0.946).Conclusion: The insertional torque and pull-out force of the CBT were higher than those of the BC in the isolated low bone porcine spine model, and the range of motion and anti-compression ability of model were similar between the two fixation methods.
Selectively Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells By 8-Quinolinol and Niclosamide
Authors: Cámara-Sánchez Patricia , Díaz-Riascos Zamira V. , García-Aranda Natalia , Gener Petra , Seras-Franzoso Joaquin , Giani-Alonso Micaela , Royo Miriam , Vázquez Esther , Schwartz Simó , Abasolo Ibane 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Cancer maintenance, metastatic dissemination and drug-resistance are sustained by cancer stem cells (CSCs). Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the breast cancer subtype with the highest numbers of CSCs and poorest prognosis. Here, we aimed to identify potential drugs targeting CSCs to be further employed in combination with standard chemotherapy in TNBC treatment. Methods The anti-CSC efficacy of up to 17 small-drugs was tested in TNBC cell lines using cell viability assays on differentiated cancer cells and CSCs. Then, the effect of 2 selected drugs (8-quinolinol -8Q- and niclosamide -NCS-) in the cancer stemness hallmarks were evaluated using mammosphere growth, cell invasion, migration and anchorage-independent growth assays. Changes in the expression of stemness genes upon 8Q or NCS treatment were also evaluated. Moreover, the potential synergism of 8Q and NCS with PTX on the CSC proliferation and on stemness-related signaling pathways was evaluated using TNBC cell lines, CSC-reporter sublines, and CSCenriched mammospheres. Finally, the efficacy of the NCS in combination with PTX was analyzed in vivo using an orthotopic mice model of MDA-MB-231 cells. Results Among all tested drug candidates, 8Q and NCS showed remarkable specific anti-CSC activity in terms of CSC viability, migration, invasion and anchorage independent growth reduction in vitro. Moreover, specific 8Q/PTX and NCS/PTX ratios at which both drugs displayed a synergistic effect in different TNBC cell lines were identified. The solely use of PTX increased the relative presence of CSCs in TNBC cells, whereas the combination with 8Q and NCS counteracted this pro-CSC activity of PTX whilst significantly reducing cell viability. In vivo, the combination of NCS with PTX reduced tumor growth, and limited the dissemination of the disease by reducing the circulating tumor cells and the incidence of lung metastasis. Conclusions The combination of 8Q and NCS with PTX at established ratios inhibits both, the proliferation of differentiated cancer cells and the viability of CSCs, opening a way to more efficacious TNBC treatments.
Seismic Performance of a High-Rise Building by Using Linear and Non-Linear Methods
Authors: Çavdar Özlem 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the seismic behavior of existing reinforced concrete tall building is investigated by the linear and nonlinear dynamic analysis. The selected reinforced concrete structure was designed according to “Turkey Seismic Code-2007” (TEC-2007). A typical 41 story reinforced concrete building is designed. Turkey Building Earthquake Code-2018 (TBEC-2018) is utilized for evaluating the seismic performance of the selected building. Natural earthquake acceleration record selected and adjusted for compatibility with the adopted design spectrum, is used. A performance analysis according to the TBEC-2018 in a 41-story reinforced concrete shear wall-framed structure in Istanbul where active fault lines are located. The selected reinforced concrete shear wall unsymmetrical plan tall building is located in Istanbul, Turkey. The performance goals of the reinforced concrete shear wall structure are evaluated by applying procedures of the TBEC-2018 and nonlinear dynamic analysis. According to the Code, the reinforced concrete shear wall building is not expected to satisfy life safety performance levels under design earthquake.
Fulminant Myocarditis Complicated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Patients with Thymoma: Report of Three Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Huang Daozheng , Song Feier , Zhang Weidai , Ma Huan , Lin Xingtao , Qin Tiehe , Wang Shouhong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
IntroductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) prevent the immune escape of tumor cells, which is beneficial to immune cells such as T lymphocytes to continuously monitor and kill tumor cells, and ultimately play an effective role in anti-tumor. ICI-associated myocarditis (irMyositis) was rarely reported, but its onset appeared latent, rapidly developed, and lethal, which has gradually attracted the attention of clinicians. Case ReportWe reported cases of fulminant myocarditis in 3 patients with thymoma who were treated with pembrolizumab, one of the programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitors (PD-1 inhibitors).Management & OutcomeThe 3 patients were treated with methylprednisolone, immunoglobulin. Temporary pacemaker implantation was performed when case 1 suffered atrioventricular dissociation and ventricular escape. Cardioversion was performed in case 2 for the onset of ventricular tachycardia. In case 3, Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation was implemented. Unfortunately, the heart function did not improve and was succeeded by multiple organ failure in all 3 cases. The family withdrew treatment and led to lethal outcomes.DiscussionAlthough ICIs have achieved encouraging results in anti-tumor, their adverse reactions cannot be ignored. Patients with thymoma are more prone to autoimmune reactions which are needed more attention1. We reported cases of immunotherapy-associated myocarditis in patients with previous PM, showing the clinical and pathological features in the specific populations.
Using Evolutionary Game Dynamics to Reproduce Phase Portrait Diversity in a Pandemic Scenario
Authors: Mendonça João , Brum Arthur , Lyra Marcelo , Lira Sérgio 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Modeling the time evolution of a pandemic in distinct social and economic environments has proven to be a great challenge for scientists due to the strong coupling of infection dynamics to complex collective human behavior. In this work, we propose a relatively simple extension of the classical Susceptible-InfectedRecovered (SIR) model that encompasses evolutionary game imitation dynamics and is capable of reproducing basic features of real data such as recurrent waves with suppression and re-bounce of cases. In particular, we depict different quantitative and qualitative aspects of infection time series by representing them as trajectories in the modified phase portrait.
Description and Interrelationship Analysis of the Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of MSSA and MRSA Strains Isolated From Healthcare Workers in North-eastern Brazil
Authors: de Oliveira Maraiza Alves , Andrade Yasmin Monara Ferreira Sousa , Souza Alisson da Costa , Silva Icaro Bonyek Santos da , Campos Guilherme Barreto , Marques Lucas Miranda , Doria Grace Anne Azevedo , Cavalcante Rafael Ciro Marques 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: This study therefore sought to analyse the interrelationship between the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and MRSA strains isolated from healthcare workers in north-eastern Brazil.Patients and methods: Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated from nasal mucosa of nursing professionals. They are identified by biochemical analysis and the sensibility drug test were carried out by agar diffusion method. Biofilm formation was detected on the polystyrene plastic surface. Molecular characterization was conducted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The Chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests were applied for the analysis of associations between phenotypic and genotypic characteristics.Results: A total of 118 workers were involved, 49.15% of whom presented S. aureus. The most frequently observed strain was resistance to penicillin (86.21%), while the inducible clindamycin resistance (iMLSB) phenotype was detected in 48.84% of isolates. MRSA was found in 41.37% of isolates, while SCCmec type I was seen in 75%. A strain with intermediate resistance to vancomycin was also found. In terms of virulence genes, eta, tst, pvl, spa, clfA, icaA, icaC and icaD genes were detected at least once. Biofilm formation was detected in 89.65% of the strains - 18.97% of these were classified as strongly adherent. No associations with ica genes were detected. Multivariate analyses of clusters demonstrated variability between the strains, with the notable formation of three main clusters, according to phenotypic and genotypic characteristics.Conclusion: High prevalence, multidrug resistance and presence of MRSA strains were all observed. Most isolates had significant virulence genes and the ability to form biofilms, increasing the severity of potential infections. It is therefore necessary to monitor the strains circulating in this hospital and to intensify precautionary measures in order to prevent their spread.
A Clinical Prediction Model to Estimate the Risk for Coarctation of the Aorta: From Fetal to Newborn Life
Authors: Wang Hui-Hui , Zhu Mei , Liang Hao , Feng Juan , Zhang Nan , Wang Xi-Ming , Wang Yue-Mei , Yu Yong-Hui , Wang An-Biao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to develop a coarctation probability model incorporating prenatal cardiac sonographic markers to estimate the probability of an antenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta (CoA). Methods: We reviewed 89 fetuses as a“investigation” cohort with prenatal suspicion for CoA and allotted to three ssubgroups:(1) severe CoA: symptoms onset of CoA and surgery within the first three months (15);(2) mild CoA: surgery within four months-one year (29); (3) false-positive CoA: this outcome does not require surgery (45). Using logistic regression to creat the multi-parametric model, and validated using a “validation” cohort of 86 fetuses with suspected CoA subsequently.Results: The prediction model had optimal criterion >0.25 with sensitivity 97.7% and specificity 59.1%, the area under the receiver operator curve is 0.8 which makes sense in diagnosis of CoA and risk stratification. The risk assessment demonstrated that fetuses with model probability>60% should make an inpatient observation for high risk of CoA whereas <15% should not undergo clinical follow-up imaging.Conclusion: Based on these results, we recommend measuring the model in all fetuses with suspected CoA may improve the accuracy of risk assessment. The objectivity of its parameters may allow its implementation working in multicenter studies of fetal cardiology.
Assessment of Interaction Between A Waste Storage Dam And Instability In Downstream Right-Side Slope By 3D Numerical Analyses
Authors: Gokceoğlu Candan , Unutmaz Berna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Waste dams (tailings) are used for storing the byproducts of mining operations and very common in mine industry. As the material they are storing can be harmful for the environment and the people in the vicinity, the construction of these dams is of high importance. During the construction phase, the topography of the site and geological- geotechnical parameters of the soils around the dam are as important as the stability and the leakage issues of the main dam body. In this paper, a nickel-ore waste dam located in Manisa-Gördes, Turkey is investigated in detail. At the downstream side of the dam, there was a slope instability at the right-hand side slopes due to improper loading on the top of these slopes. Whether this slope failure will affect the stability of main dam body or not is the main question of this study. Within these confines, 3D finite element analyses that cover a large area, including the dam, upstream and downstream sides and the waste have been performed before and after the planned downstream slope rehabilitation. The results show that after the rehabilitation of the slopes, the deformations decreased considerably and the waste dam became safer.
Fungal Community Diversity of a Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils Revealed by Metagenomics
Authors: Passarini Michel Rodrigo Zambrano , Ottoni Júlia Ronzella , Costa Paulo Emílio Santos , Hissa Denise Cavalvante , Falcão Raul Maia , Melo Vânia Maria Maciel , Balbino Valdir Queiroz , Mendonça Luiz Alberto Ribeiro , Lima Maria Gorethe de Sousa , Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo , Verde Leandro Costa Lima 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The inappropriate disposal of toxic compounds generated by industrial activity has been impacting to the environment considerably. Microbial communities inhabiting contaminated sites may represent interesting ecological alternatives for the decontamination of environments. The present work aimed to investigate the fungal diversity inhabiting sediments from industrial waste containing heavy metals by using metagenomic approach. A total of twelve fungal orders were retrieved from datasets and, at phylum level, Ascomycota was the most abundant, followed by Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota. Higher abundance of sequences was encountered within the less contaminated site, while the lower abundance was found in the sample with the higher contamination with lead. Gene sequences related to DNA repair and heavy metals biosorption processes were found in the four samples analyzed. The genera Aspergillus and Chaetomium, and Saccharomycetales order were highly present within all samples, showing their potential to be used for bioremediation studies. The present work demonstrated the importance of using the metagenomic approach to understand the dynamics of fungal communities and their behavior under heavy metal contamination, aiming the use in bioremediation processes of environments contaminated with heavy metals.
The Mechanism of Improvement of Film Solubility: Design and Evaluation of Film Forming System with Terbinafine as a Model Drug
Authors: Zhang Jing , lu bohong , Ma Qiuyan , Om Shelke , Wu William , lin huaqing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Film forming system (FFS) combines the advantages of patch and gel, it is expected to replace small doses of topical administration in the future. This work targets the design and evaluation of HPC-acrylic FFS with different excipients in appearance, rheology and in vitro properties. Also, the reason of improving the solubility of terbinafine film was illustrated by melting enthalpy thermo analysis.Methods: In this work, we prepared 8 HPC-acrylic FFS samples with different excipients, and characterized the film forming solutions and films in appearance, rheological properties, drug crystallization and in vitro performance. Then used melting enthalpy thermo-analysis to explain the mechanism of improvement of film solubility.Results: According to appearance evaluation, the samples which had a small amount of plasticizer could achieve an uniform surface morphology. The XRD and DSC demonstrated HPC could maintain drug amorphous in films. Based on oscillation frequency sweep, short chain plasticizer tributyl citrate (TBC) leading to strong entanglement and hydrogen bonding among the molecules. In vitro release test showed FP1 had favorable release. And the melting enthalpy thermo-analysis explained why FP1 had favorable release. Conclusions: HPC acted as an effective crystallization inhibitor. TBC could lead stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The poloxamer had favorite miscibility with HPC-acrylic FFS. The combination of MCT and poloxamer with HPC resulted in a high Terbinafine solubility.