bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QbD Approach For Anti-Cancer Drugs - A Review
Authors: Thanigainathan Sudarvizhi , Ramalingan Sangamithra , Meyyanathan Subramanianainar , Babu Basavan 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Several analytical approaches for assessing anti-cancer drugs in pharmaceutical
formulations have been developed over the last few years. QbD plays an important role in
establishing accurate analytical methods to analyze anti-cancer compounds. Quality by Design has
become a risk analysis and a science-based strategy, implemented by experimental methods to optimize
system output with known variables for data. The influence of highly complex and correlations
of input variables on the output reactions of pharmaceutical drugs and empirical approaches
have been widely used to explain the design of experiments.

Objective:
The efficiency of the anti-cancer drugs and their formulation in the various dosage
forms has been made convenient with the help of QbD designs such as Plackett Burman, full factorial
design, etc. QbD contains various steps, which help enhance and sustain the quality of the
drug in its dosage form.

Conclusion:
This review covers a basic, efficient, and accurate analytical approach technique using
Quality by Design for anti-cancer drugs. Thus, an outline of the experimental methods used in
anti-cancer drugs was identified and discussed.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Super-Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
(SPIONs) for Minimising Aeromonas hydrophila Load from
Freshwater
Authors: Kumar Munish , Gupta Gyandeep , Varghese Tincy , Shankregowda Aruna M , Srivastava Prem Prakash , Bhushan Shashi , Shukla Satya Prakash , Krishna Gopal , Gupta Subodh 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The current study was conducted to prepare an efficient super-paramagnetic
iron oxide nanoparticle (SPIONs) to remove Aeromonas hydrophila from water.

Methods:
The nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and characterized by
DLS, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FT-IR, XRD, FEG-TEM, and VSM analysis.

Results and Discussion:
The results showed that the synthesized SPIONs were having a size range
of 8-12nm with magnetic property. Bacteria removal efficiency and antibacterial activity of SPIONs
were assessed in sterile distilled water by adding different concentrations of SPIONs viz. 0, 6.25,
12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000μM with different initial bacterial loads viz. 1×103, 1×104,
1×105, 1×106, and 1×107 CFU mL−1 at different time intervals 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. At low bacterial
load (1×103 to 1×105 CFU mL−1), 95 to 99.99% of bacteria were removed by low SPIONs concentration
(6.25-100μM) by 15min which was increased up to 100% by 30min. However, at high
bacterial load (1×106 to 1×107 CFU mL−1), more than 87 to 95% of bacteria were removed by the
highest SPIONs concentration (1000μM) by 15min, which was increased above 93 to 99.99% by
increasing the exposure time to 60min. At low bacterial load (1×103 to1×105 CFU mL−1), the effective
concentration was 3.21 to 6.42μM at 15-60 min intervals. Meanwhile, the effective concentration
at high bacterial load was 267.81 μM at 15min, which was decreased to 104.09 μM with increasing
exposure time to 60min.

Conclusion:
Based on the results, it is concluded that the antibacterial effect against A. hydrophila
depends on the concentration as well as the exposure time of SPIONs. A low concentration of SPIONs
is sufficient to remove 100% of bacterial load in lower exposure time and increasing concentration
of SPIONs increases the antibacterial effect. However, further research requires to find the safe
concentration of SPIONs for using it as a novel antibacterial agent for the treatment of aeromonads
disease in aquaculture.
Hybrid Liquisolid Technique: A Novel Approach to Enhance the In-vitro Performance of Antidiabetic Drugs
Authors: Dalwadi Saloni , Thakkar Vaishali T. , Rana Hardik B. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
A combination of Glimepiride and Boswellia serrata extract reduces neuropathic
diabetic complications by reducing the peroxidase level and improving the antioxidant level.
The hybrid liquisolid method includes a combination of two methods, kneading and the liquisolid
method, to enhance the drug’s in-vitro performance.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to enhance the in-vitro performance of antidiabetics drugs.

Method:
Tablets involving a fixed-dose combination of Glimepiride and Boswellia serrata extract
were formulated by kneading method followed by liquisolid method. Screening of non-volatile solvents,
carriers, and coating materials was carried out. The experiment was designed to optimize the
formulation and the obtained model was validated concerning the design of the experiment. 3 level 2
factorial (32) design was applied by using Design expert software 11. Various pre-compression parameters
were assessed to check the quality of the formulation.

Results:
Screening of excipients for kneading method, including Glimepiride with PVP K 30 (5%),
and Boswellia serrata extract with Poloxamer 188 (13%), provided optimum drug release. For the liquisolid
method, propylene glycol:PEG 400: Tween 80 (1:2:4) ratio for Glimepiride and PEG 400:
Tween 80 (1:3) ratio for Boswellia serrata extract were selected. Common carrier and coating material
for both drugs were selected to improve the in-vitro performance of the drug.

Conclusion:
This study enables an overall understanding of the impact of excipients on the quality of
formulation, which may provide critical knowledge for the implementation of liquisolid systems.
Formulation Development andIn vitro-Ex vivoAssessment of Simvastatin Niosomal Buccal Films
Authors: Beeravelli Sudhakar , Akondi Vyasamurthy , Nimmathota Madhavi 
Published: June 2021

Aim:The present study aims to develop and characterize simvastatin niosomal film for effective buccal delivery.Methods:Simvastatin niosomes were developed by film hydration technique followed by highpressure homogenization using chiller at 5°C. The simvastatin niosomes were characterized for various physicochemical parameters, and simvastatin plain and niosomal films were prepared using PEO as the base by solvent casting technique.Results:From the simvastatin niosomes suspension, the percentage assay was found in the range of 96% to 103%, particles size was found in the range of 112nm to 308nm, the zeta potential was found in the range of -9mV to -25.8mV, the %EE was found in the range of 28% to 91% and the in vitro permeation was found in the range of 43.41% to 98% respectively. The niosomal film shown superior results as compared to simvastatin plain film. The FTIR and DSC confirm the compatibility among the existed excipients.Conclusion:Niosomes alter the physicochemical properties of simvastatin by the buccal route. The prolonged permeation (96.12% up to 24hrs) of simvastatin was observed from niosomes film across the porcine buccal cavity due to the presence of CPE in the composition, which would be useful for effective buccal delivery.
Dihydrotestosterone Induces Chemo-Resistance of Triple-Negative Breast MDA-MB-231 Cancer Cells Towards Doxorubicin Independent of ABCG2 and miR-328-3p
Authors: Al-Momany Bayan , Hammad Hana , Ahram Mamoun 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Androgens potentially have an important role in the biology of breast cancer,
particularly triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Androgen receptor (AR) may offer a novel
therapeutic strategy, including the use of microRNA (miRNA) molecules. We have previously
shown that AR agonist, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), increases the expression of miR-328-3p in the
TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells. One target of the latter miRNA is ATP-binding cassette subfamily G
member 2 (ABCG2), which modulates the chemo-response of cancer cells by pumping out xenobiotics.

Objective:
Using MDA-MB-231 cells as a model system for TNBC, we hypothesized that DHT
would induce cell sensitivity towards doxorubicin via increasing levels of miR-328-3p and, consequently,
reducing ABCG2 levels.

Methods:
Chemo-response of cells towards doxorubicin, tamoxifen, and mitoxantrone was evaluated
using cell viability MTT assay. Cells were transfected with both miR-328-3p mimic or antisense
molecules. Real-time PCR was utilized to assess RNA levels and immunoblotting was performed
to investigate levels of ABCG2 protein. PCR arrays were used to assess changes in the expression
of drug response regulatory genes.

Results:
Contrary to our hypothesis, treating MDA-MB-231 cells with DHT no effect towards tamoxifen
or mitoxantrone, increased cell resistance towards doxorubicin was noted, concomitant
with decreased expression of ABCG2. This under-expression of ABCG2 was also found in MCF-7
and MDA-MB-453 cells treated with DHT. Although miR-328-3p decreased ABCG2 mRNA and
protein levels, the miRNA did not alter the chemo-response of cells towards doxorubicin and did
not affect DHT-induced chemo-resistance. AR activation slightly decreased the expression of 5
genes, including insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor that may explain the mechanism of DHT-induced
chemo-resistance of cells.

Conclusion:
DHT regulates chemo-response via a mechanism independent of ABCG2 and
miR-328-3p.
Experimental and DFT Studies on Well-Defined Odd-Even Effect in Organic Liquid Crystal Tetramers Incorporating Two Chiral Centers
Authors: Rahim Mursyida Abdul , Yeap Guan-Yeow , Tang Wai Kit , Siu Chi-Kit 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
A new series of organic liquid crystal tetramers containing two symmetrical
mesogenic units of 4-(4’-phenoxylimino)methyl)phenol joined by methylene –(CH2)mspacer
wherein m varied from 5 to 10 have been synthesized.

Methods:
The length for each of the mesogenic units was extended further via connection with
two chiral entities of (S)-2- methylbutyl-4-(4’-bromobutyloxyphenyl)benzoate situated at both
terminal ends. The structures of these tetramers were elucidated using elemental analysis and
spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR and 1H-NMR) whilst the texture, and the phase transition temperatures
were studied using polarizing optical microscopy (POM) along with differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC).

Results:
All the homologues in this series are enantiotropic mesogens exhibiting oily streak texture
or fan-shaped texture characteristic of the chiral nematic phase. The odd-even effect can be
observed upon increasing the methylene spacer length. The structure-properties connectivity has
demonstrated that the phase transition temperature for tetramers with even-numbered methylene
units in the spacer is relatively higher in comparison with the odd-numbered members.

Conclusion:
The computational study via molecular constraint dynamics performed at the
DFTB level of theory has further supported that more energy is required for the even-numbered
tetramer than the odd-numbered member to undergo the structural transition from folded to extended
geometries.
Peningkatan Kedalaman Penetrasi Las Stainless Steel 304 dengan Medan Magnet Eksternal pada Pengelasan Autogenous Tungsten Inert Gas Welding
Authors: Haikal Haikal , Chamim Moch. , Andriyansyah Deni , Wiyono Apri , Baskoro Ario Sunar , Isnarno Isnarno 
Published: June 2021

<p class="Abstract">In this study, research on the use of the External Magnetic Field method – Tungsten Inert Gas was done to determine the effect of welding arc compression on the quality of <em>AISI 304 </em>thin plate weld. The welding process was performed using autogenous welds. In this study, an external magnetic field was generated by placing a magnetic solenoid around the <em>TIG</em> welding torch. Enabling this electromagnetic field is done dynamically using a microcontroller. Welding parameters used are welding current <em>100; 105; 110 A</em> and welding speed <em>1.6; 1.8; 2.05 mm/s</em>. The results of this study showed that <em>EMF-TIG</em> welding can produce a more uniform bead width along the weld line with a standard deviation of 0.08 compared with conventional <em>TIG </em>welding of <em>0.12</em>. Increased welding speed of <em>2.05 mm/s</em> causes no effect on the addition of an external magnetic field to the width of the weld bead. The current parameters are <em>105 A </em>with a speed of <em>1.6; 1.8; 2.05 mm/s</em> resulted in compression of the top bead width by <em>0.87; 0.61; 0.1 mm</em>. The welding parameters with a current of 105 A and welding speed of <em>1.6 mm/s</em> have a larger upper bead compression effect of <em>0.84 mm</em> compared to <em>110 A</em> currents of <em>0.38 mm</em>. Moreover, the <em>D/W</em> ratio obtained under an external magnetic field was higher than without magnetic.</p>
The Effects of Water Debit and Number of Blades on the Power Generated of Prototype Turbines Propeller as Renewable Electricity
Authors: Biantoro Agung Wahyudi , Iskendar Iskendar , Subekti Subekti , Bin Muhd Noor Nik Hisyamudin 
Published: June 2021

<p class="Abstract">This research is a prototype design of a Pico hydropower plant. The Pico hydro laboratory scale is planned to be installed at the water outlet at the steam gas power plant (PLTGU) in Cilegon, whose water discharge has not been utilized. Pico hydro will produce green energy, which in turn can partially replace fossil energy needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of water discharge and the number of blades on the power generated by Pico hydro. The method used in this research is an experimental method carried out in the laboratory, by designing and making Pico hydro prototypes, with several variations in the number of blades. The results of the manual calculation analysis show that the mass flow rate, circumferential speed, and the highest rotational speed are found in blade 6. Furthermore, the design process uses the CFD method, which produces the best energy when using 6 or 7 blades. The stronger the water discharge, the higher the Rpm, and the stronger the electric current and the resulting voltage. The water discharge of 0.04 m<sup>3</sup>/s produces 215 Rpm, a current of 0.30 ampere, and a voltage of 2.00 volts. While the airflow rate of 0.08 m<sup>3</sup>/s produces 695 Rpm, a current of 0.70 ampere,s and a voltage of 4.30 volts. Statistical analysis also shows that the higher the Rpm value of the 6 blade turbine, the higher the power and current it produces.</p>
Efek Zeolit untuk Produksi Tar dan Char pada Pirolisis Rotary Kiln
Authors: Wijayanti Widya 
Published: June 2021

<p class="00textwithtab">This study aims to investigate the effect of zeolite as a catalyst to enlarge biomass decomposition in the pyrolysis process. It absorbs a high water content in the biomass, besides it makes the easier breaking of biomass molecules to maximize the biomass decomposition into the expected pyrolysis products; tar and char. In addition, to decompose the biomass molecules, the zeolite also stimulates the rate of heat transfer due to its ability to hold and release the heat. If the previous research pyrolysis was conducted in a fixed bed reactor, in this study, it will be carried out rotary kiln as a pyrolysis furnace. If the fixed bed reactor the heat transfer was dominated by conduction, the heat transfer in the rotary kiln is more controlled by the convection and radiation transfer due to stirring and turning of biomass by the kiln. In the study, the biomass used was mahogany with an initial weight of 150 grams. The rotary kiln rotated at 10 rpm and the heating rate during the pyrolysis process was around 0.1483°C/s. The pyrolysis temperatures used were varied as 250°C, 350°C, 450°C. Meanwhile, the percentage of zeolites used from 0% to 60% with a mesh size of 80. The results showed that zeolites were able to increase tar production and maximize the reduction of char as an effect of the Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis reaction in the process of catalytic cracking. The maximum production of tar and char production was also supported by the process of convection and radiation from the rotary kiln wall increasing the rate of heat transfer to decompose the biomass.</p><p class="02abstracttext"> </p>
Physical Activity Together for People With Multiple Sclerosis and Their Care Partners: Protocol for a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial of a Dyadic Intervention
Authors: Fakolade Afolasade , Cameron Julie , McKenna Odessa , Finlayson Marcia L , Freedman Mark S , Latimer-Cheung Amy E , Pilutti Lara A 
Published: June 2021

Background
Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for all people; however, people affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) find regular PA challenging. These people may include individuals with advanced disabilities and their care partners.

Objective
The objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of a dyadic PA intervention for people with advanced MS and their care partners.

Methods
This study is a randomized controlled feasibility trial of a 12-week intervention, with 1:1 allocation into an immediate intervention condition or delayed control condition. A target of 20 people with MS–care partner dyads will be included. The outcomes will be indicators of process, resources, management, and scientific feasibility. Participant satisfaction with the intervention components will be evaluated using a satisfaction survey. The subjective experience of participation in the study will be explored using semistructured interviews.

Results
The project is funded by the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers. This protocol was approved by the Ottawa Hospital Research Ethics Board (20190329-01H) and the University of Ottawa Research Ethics Board (H-09-19-4886). The study protocol was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov in February 2020. The findings of this feasibility trial will be disseminated through presentations at community events to engage the MS population in the interpretation of our results and in the next steps. The results will also be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented to the scientific community at national and international MS conferences.

Conclusions
The data collected from this feasibility trial will be used to refine the intervention and materials in preparation for a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04267185; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04267185.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/18410
Gamifying Sexual Education for Adolescents in a Low-Tech Setting: Quasi-Experimental Design Study
Authors: Haruna Hussein , Okoye Kingsley , Zainuddin Zamzami , Hu Xiao , Chu Samuel , Hosseini Samira 
Published: June 2021

Background
Sexual education has become increasingly important as unhealthy sexual practices and subsequent health risks become more prevalent during adolescence. Traditional sex education teaching methodologies are limiting for digital natives exposed to various digital technologies. Harnessing the power of technology applications attractive to the younger generation may be a useful approach for teaching sex education.

Objective
The aim of this study was to improve sexual health knowledge and understanding of the problems associated with unhealthy sexual practices and address sexual and reproductive health challenges experienced in a low-tech setting.

Methods
A participatory design approach was used to develop the digital gamified methodology. A sample of 120 secondary school students aged 11-15 were randomly assigned to either experimental or control group for each of the 3 teaching approaches: (1) gamified instruction (actual serious games [SG] in teaching); (2) gamification (GM; making nongames, such as game-like learning); and (3) traditional teaching (TT) methods.

Results
The SG and GM approaches were more effective than TT methods in teaching sexual health education. Specifically, the average scores across groups demonstrated an increase of mean scores from the pre- to posttest (25.10 [SD 5.50] versus 75.86 [SD 13.16]; t119=41.252; P<.001 [2 tailed]). Analysis of variance indicated no significant differences across groups for pretest scores (F2,117=1.048, P=.35). Significant differences across groups were evident in the posttest scores. Students in the SG and GM groups had higher average scores than the TT group (F2,117=83.98; P<.001). Students reported increased learning motivation, attitude, know-how, and participation in learning (P<.001) when using SG and GM approaches.

Conclusions
Digital health technologies (particularly teaching and learning through gamified instruction and other novel approaches) may improve sexual health education. These findings may also be applied by practitioners in health care settings and by researchers wishing to further the development of sex education.
Evaluating Simplified Web Interfaces of Risk Models for Clinical Use: Pilot Survey Study
Authors: Beaubien Louis , Conrad Colin , Music Janet , Toze Sandra 
Published: June 2021

Background
In this pilot study, we investigated sociotechnical factors that affect intention to use a simplified web model to support clinical decision making.

Objective
We investigated factors that are known to affect technology adoption using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) model. The goal was to pilot and test a tool to better support complex clinical assessments.

Methods
Based on the results of a previously published work, we developed a web-based mobile user interface, WebModel, to allow users to work with regression equations and their predictions to evaluate the impact of various characteristics or treatments on key outcomes (eg, survival time) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The WebModel provides a way to combat information overload and more easily compare treatment options. It limits the number of web forms presented to a user to between 1 and 20, rather than the dozens of detailed calculations typically required. The WebModel uses responsive design and can be used on multiple devices. To test the WebModel, we designed a questionnaire to probe the efficacy of the WebModel and assess the usability and usefulness of the system. The study was live for one month, and participants had access to it over that time. The questionnaire was administered online, and data from 674 clinical users who had access to the WebModel were captured. SPSS and R were used for statistical analysis.

Results
The regression model developed from UTAUT2 constructs was a fit. Specifically, five of the seven factors were significant positive coefficients in the regression: performance expectancy (β=.2730; t=7.994; P<.001), effort expectancy (β=.1473; t=3.870; P=.001), facilitating conditions (β=.1644; t=3.849; P<.001), hedonic motivation (β=.2321; t=3.991; P<.001), and habit (β=.2943; t=12.732). Social influence was not a significant factor, while price value had a significant negative influence on intention to use the WebModel.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that multiple influences impact positive response to the system, many of which relate to the efficiency of the interface to provide clear information. Although we found that the price value was a negative factor, it is possible this was due to the removal of health workers from purchasing decisions. Given that this was a pilot test, and that the system was not used in a clinical setting, we could not examine factors related to actual workflow, patient safety, or social influence. This study shows that the concept of a simplified WebModel could be effective and efficient in reducing information overload in complex clinical decision making. We recommend further study to test this in a clinical setting and gather qualitative data from users regarding the value of the tool in practice.