bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-linear dynamics of hydrodynamic tori as a model of oscillations and bending waves in astrophysical discs
Authors: Fairbairn Callum W , Ogilvie Gordon I 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Understanding oscillations and waves in astrophysical fluid bodies helps to elucidate their observed variability and the underlying physical mechanisms. Indeed, global oscillations and bending modes of accretion discs or tori may be relevant to quasi-periodicity and warped structures around compact objects. While most studies rely on linear theory, observationally significant, non-linear dynamics is still poorly understood, especially in Keplerian discs for which resonances typically demand a separate treatment. In this work, we introduce a novel analytical model which exactly solves the ideal, compressible fluid equations for a non-self-gravitating elliptical cylinder within a local shearing sheet. The aspect ratio of the ring is an adjustable parameter, allowing a continuum of models ranging from a torus of circular cross-section to a thin ring. We restrict attention to flow fields which are a linear function of the coordinates, capturing the lowest order global motions and reducing the dynamics to a set of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs). This system acts as a framework for exploring a rich range of hydrodynamic phenomena in both the large amplitude and Keplerian regimes. We demonstrate the connection between tilting tori and warped discs within this model, showing that the linear modes of the ring correspond to oppositely precessing global bending modes. These are further confirmed within a numerical grid based simulation. Crucially, the ODE system developed here allows for a more tractable investigation of non-linear dynamics. This will be demonstrated in a subsequent paper which evidences mode coupling between warping and vertical motions in thin tilted rings.
Bridging the gap: spectral distortions meet gravitational waves
Authors: Kite Thomas , Ravenni Andrea , Patil Subodh P , Chluba Jens 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Gravitational waves (GWs) have the potential to probe the entirety of cosmological history due to their nearly perfect decoupling from the thermal bath and any intervening matter after emission. In recent years, GW cosmology has evolved from merely being an exciting prospect to an actively pursued avenue for discovery, and the early results are very promising. As we highlight in this paper, spectral distortions (SDs) of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) uniquely probe GWs over six decades in frequency, bridging the gap between astrophysical high- and cosmological low-frequency measurements. This means SDs will not only complement other GW observations, but will be the sole probe of physical processes at certain scales. To illustrate this point, we explore the constraining power of various proposed SD missions on a number of phenomenological scenarios: early-universe phase transitions (PTs), GW production via the dynamics of SU(2) and ultralight U(1) axions, and cosmic string (CS) network collapse. We highlight how some regions of parameter space were already excluded with data from COBE/FIRAS , taken over two decades ago. To facilitate the implementation of SD constraints in arbitrary models, we provide GW2SD. This tool calculates the window function, which easily maps a GW spectrum to an SD amplitude, thus opening another portal for GW cosmology with SDs, with wide reaching implications for particle physics phenomenology.
Moderate and deep procedural sedation-the role of proper monitoring and safe techniques in clinical practice
Authors: Manzi Joseph E. , Jones Mark R. , Cornett Elyse M. , Kaye Alan D. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
Interventional pain management procedures provide significant improvement to patient quality of life and functionality. In-office procedures are becoming an increasingly more common site of pain management intervention for patients with minimal risk of harm.

Recent findings
Moderate and deep sedation techniques can be used in patients with high anxiety, complex pharmacotherapy, or a low pain threshold. Proper guidance and oversight by an attending anesthesiologist, in addition to appropriate monitoring, are key. Epidural steroid injection complications rates have been cited at 2.4%, with the most common complications noted as persistent pain and flushing.

Summary
Serious complication errors can be avoided with proper supervision and monitoring. The adherence to published societal recommendations and guidelines for indications of when to use moderate to deep sedation techniques, and appropriate supervision and monitoring methods, can avoid errors in interventional pain management procedures.
An update on pediatric sedation techniques in nonoperating room locations
Authors: Sobey Jenna , Tsai Mitchell H. , Evans Rebecca E. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
To review advancements in care for pediatric patients in nonoperating room settings.

Recent findings
Advances in patient monitoring technology, utilization of Child Life specialists, and alternative staffing models are helping anesthesia providers meet the rising demand for coverage of pediatric nonoperating room anesthesia (NORA) cases. The Wake Up Safe and Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium registries are exploring outcome measures regarding the safety of pediatric anesthesia in off-site locations and have reported an increased risk for severe respiratory and cardiac adverse events when compared to OR anesthesia sites. Additionally, malpractice claims for NORA have a higher proportion of claims for death than claims in operating rooms.

Summary
Pediatric NORA requires thorough preparation, flexibility, and vigilance to provide safe anesthesia care to children in remote locations. Emerging techniques to reduce anesthetic exposure, improve monitoring, and alternative staffing models are expanding the boundaries of pediatric NORA to provide a safer, more satisfying experience for diagnostic and interventional procedures.
Severe bleeding in the ICU
Authors: Rauer Marcel J. , Neef Vanessa , Berra Lorenzo 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
Severe bleeding events, which require blood transfusions, are a challenge faced by many critical care physicians on a daily basis. Current transfusion guidelines generally recommend rather strict transfusion thresholds and strategies, which can appear opposing to a patient in need for urgent transfusion at first sight. Moreover, applied guidelines are lacking evidence and specificity for the typical ICU patient population and its comorbidities. Transfusion decisions, which are pivotal for clinical outcome, are often unsatisfactorily based on hemoglobin levels only.

Recent findings
Recent publications generally support previous studies that a strict transfusion regimen is superior to a liberal one for the majority of cases. Newly developed and easily feasible techniques are currently in clinical trials and have the potential to become a valuable supplementation to hemoglobin-guided decision-making. In addition to the choice of the ideal transfusion strategy, physiological status and comorbidities were found to have a major impact on the outcome of severe bleedings in the ICU.

Summary
The body of evidence for ICU-specific transfusion guidelines is scarce. Critical care physicians should properly evaluate their patient's comorbidities and consider extended point-of-care testing for transfusion decisions in indistinct anemic situations. A strict transfusion strategy should, however, be applied whenever possible.
OculoMotor Assessment Tool Test Procedure and Normative Data
Authors: Yaramothu Chang , Morris Christopher J. , d'Antonio-Bertagnolli John Vito , Alvarez Tara L. 
Published: May 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
This study establishes normative data and a testing procedure for the oculomotor assessment tool. The oculomotor assessment tool standardizes visual targets for the Vestibular/OculoMotor Screening assessment and provides additional metrics that may aid in the differentiation between those with normal and those with abnormal oculomotor function potentially caused by a concussion.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to assess the oculomotor endurance of healthy participants with no self-reported history of concussions using the oculomotor assessment tool.

METHODS
Healthy participants (n = 376, average age of 20.4 years, range of 11 to 34 years, with no self-reported history of concussions) were recruited to perform the following three tasks for 60 seconds each: (1) horizontal saccades, (2) vertical saccades, and (3) vergence jumps. The participants were instructed to alternate visual fixation between two targets for each of the tasks as fast as they could without overshooting or undershooting the visual target. The differences in the number of eye movements between the initial and latter 30 seconds of the 1-minute test were analyzed.

RESULTS
A statistical difference (P < .001) was observed in the number of eye movements for all three tasks (horizontal saccades [70 ± 15 for initial 30 seconds, 63 ± 13 for latter 30 seconds], vertical saccades [68 ± 14, 63 ± 13], and vergence jumps [43 ± 11, 39 ± 10]) between the initial and latter 30 seconds. No significant differences were identified in the number of eye movements or the change in eye movements between the initial and latter 30 seconds based on sex.

CONCLUSIONS
These results establish a normative database for various eye movements. These data could potentially be used to compare different patient populations who have binocular endurance dysfunctions potentially due to traumatic brain injury, such as patients with concussion(s).
Collation of indigenous and local knowledge as evidence base for herpetofauna conservation outside protected areas: Case study from an agricultural landscape in Eastern India
Authors: Ghosh Deyatima , Basu Parthiba 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSystematic appraisal of community’s knowledge as evidence for biodiversity conservation has been widely recognized. For conserving the rich biodiversity in the rural landscape outside the protected areas, it is important to document the knowledge and perception of the farming community. Although such appraisal is available for different taxa, no such systematic study is available for herpetofauna-one of the most vulnerable faunal groups. Our study attempts to document the impact of agricultural intensification on herpetofauna in an agricultural landscape through knowledge and perception appraisal of the farming community. A semi-structured questionnaire survey and validation was conducted in areas of low, medium, and high agricultural intensification. In all areas, farmers indicated an overall decrease in herpetofauna abundance. Farmers at the mid and high agricultural intensification zones reported a more significant decrease in herpetofauna sightings specifically for amphibians and snakes compared to those under low intensification regions. Farmers at low intensification area recognized significantly more herpetofauna. Farmers attributed five major threats to herpetofauna and ranked pesticide as the most significant reason, especially those in higher intensification. The majority were aware of the importance of herpetofauna as a biological pest control agent. Level of education or farming experience did not seem to have any influence on the farmers’ knowledge. Our findings integrated with other quantitative studies will facilitate future community-driven conservation in the studied agricultural landscapes.
Simulation on an electro-hydrostatic actuator controlled by a high-pressure piezoelectric pump with a displacement amplifier
Authors: Wang Bin , Xu Nanyue , Wu Pengyuan , Yang Rongfei 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a new hydrostatic actuator controlled by a piezoelectric piston pump and to reveal its characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a piezoelectric pump with passive poppet valves and hydraulic displacement amplifier is designed as a new control component in a hydrostatic actuator for high actuation capacity. A component-level mathematical model is established to describe the system characteristics. Simulation verification for cases under typical conditions is implemented to evaluate the delivery behavior of the pump and the carrying ability of the actuator.

Findings
By using the displacement amplifier and the passive distributing valves, simulation demonstrates that the pump can deliver flow rate up to 3 L/min, and the actuator controlled by this pump can push an object weighing approximately 50 kg. In addition, it is particularly important to decide a proper amplification ratio of the amplifier in the pump for better actuation performance.

Originality/value
The piezoelectric pump presented in this paper has its potential to light hydrostatic actuator. The model constructed in this paper is valid for characteristic analysis and performance evaluation of this pump and actuators.
Research on the influence of the discharge breakdown process on the crater formation during EDM
Authors: Zhang Wenchao 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to study the breakdown, oscillation and vanishing of the discharge channel and its influence on crater formation with simulation and experimental methods. The experiment results verified the effect of the oscillating characteristics of the discharge channel on the shape of the crater.Design/methodology/approachA mathematical model that considers the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and the discharge channel oscillation was established. The micro process of discharging based on magnetic-fluid coupling during electrical discharge machining (EDM) was simulated. The breakdown, oscillation and vanishing stage of the discharge channel were analyzed, and the crater after machining was obtained. Finally, a single-pulse discharge experiment during EDM was conducted to verify the simulation model.FindingsDuring the breakdown of the discharge channel, the electrons move towards the center of the discharge channel. The electrons at the end diverge due to the action of water resistance, making the discharge channel appear wide at both ends and narrow in the middle, showing the pinch effect. Due to the mutual attraction of electrons and positive ions in the channel, the transverse oscillation of the discharge channel is shown on the micro level. Therefore, the position of the discharge point on the workpiece changes. The longitudinal oscillation in the discharge channel causes the molten pool on the workpiece to be ejected due to the changing pressure. The experimental results show that the shape of the crater is similar to that in the simulation, which verifies the correctness of the simulation results and also proves that the crater generated by the single pulse discharge is essentially the result of the interaction between transverse wave and longitudinal wave.Originality/valueIn this paper, the simulation of the discharge breakdown process in EDM was carried out, and a new mathematical model that considers the MHD and the discharge channel oscillation was established. Based on the MHD module, the discharge breakdown, oscillation and vanishing stages were simulated, and the velocity field and pressure field in the discharge area were obtained.
Re-enterprising the unplanned urban areas of Greater Cairo- a social innovation perspective
Authors: Nicolopoulou Katerina , Salama Ashraf M. , Attia Sahar , Samy Christine , Horgan Donagh , Khalil Heba Allah Essam E. , Bakhaty Asser 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This study aims to develop an innovative and comprehensive framework to address water-related challenges faced by communities located in urban settlements in the area of Greater Cairo. It is commonly accepted that such global challenges that border issues of resilience, community development, social equity and inclusive growth, call for a collaboration of disciplines. Such collaboration allows for the identification of synergies in ways that can enlighten and enrich the space of potential solutions and create pathways towards robust solutions.

Design/methodology/approach
The research process has been participatory, and it involved, apart from site interviews, engagement via a photographic exhibition, during an outreach and engagement event, of the researched sites in one of the academic institutions of the authors. A total of 12 women were interviewed and the expert’s workshop was attended by 12 experts.

Findings
Social innovation can promote agile processes to prototyping services, involving multiple sectors and stakeholders through open ecosystems. For urban settlements undergoing rapid expansion, social innovation can help communities and governments to build resilience in the face of resource gaps – often making use of advancements in technology and improvements from other disciplines (Horgan and Dimitrijevic, 2019). For the unplanned urban areas around Greater Cairo, input from different knowledge areas can offer valuable contributions; in terms of the project and the study that we report on in this paper, the contributing areas included architecture and urban planning, as well as women-led entrepreneurship targeting economic growth, social and community impacts.

Originality/value
In this paper, we demonstrate the significance of a transdisciplinary framework based on social innovation, for the study of women-led entrepreneurship as a response to water-based challenges within an urban settlement. The creation of such a framework can be a significant contribution to conceptualise, examine and respond to “wicked challenges” of urban sustainability. This paper also believes that the readership of the journal will be subsequently benefitting from another way to conceptualise the interplay of theoretical perspectives at the level of organisations and the individual to support the inquiry into such challenges.
Precision agriculture technology adoption and technical efficiency
Authors: DeLay Nathan D. , Thompson Nathanael M. , Mintert James R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe explore the relationship between precision agriculture (PA) technology adoption and technical efficiency using the 2016 USDA Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS). Efficiency gains from PA are likely cumulative, that is, the true impact of precision farming depends on the integration of complementary tools. To examine the efficiency benefits of different PA bundles, we perform a two‐step analysis. First, we use cluster analysis to identify distinct producer groups based on patterns in PA technology adoption. These producer groups map naturally onto the classic technology adoption curve (laggards, late majority, early majority, innovators). Second, we use stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and stochastic meta‐frontier analysis (SMFA) to estimate differences in technical efficiency between PA adoption groups. We find that farms with advanced PA technology bundles are significantly more technically efficient than non‐adopters. Differences in technical efficiency are not found to be driven by heterogeneous production technologies, but rather inefficiencies in input usage at the farm level. Our results have strong implications for farm consolidation in US agriculture.
Optimal financial contracting and the effects of firm's size
Authors: Brusco Sandro , Lopomo Giuseppe , Ropero Eva , Villa Alessandro T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe consider the design of the optimal dynamic policy for a firm subject to moral hazard problems. With respect to the existing literature we enrich the model by introducing durable capital with partial irreversibility, which makes the size of the firm a state variable. This allows us to analyze the role of firm's size, separately from age and financial structure. We show that a higher level of capital decreases the probability of liquidation and increases the future size of the firm. Although analytical results are not available, we show through simulations that, conditional on size, the rate of growth of the firm, its variability, and the variability of the probability of liquidation decline with age.
From My Expression to Our Expressions: Multidirectionality of Learning in the Globalized Korea
Authors: Ahn Junehui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this article, I examine how globally dominant socialization ideas and practices meet with local concerns in a preschool classroom in South Korea, focusing in particular on children's and teachers’ interactive participation in indigenizing processes. By analyzing classroom interactions surrounding the imported classroom activity called “message center,” the article shows that children, rather than passively adopt teachers’ interpretation of global imports, create their own meanings for them to address goals of their culture‐laden peer worlds. Furthermore, children's own interpretation leads to changes in their teachers’ understandings and enactment of imported practices and values. Findings of this article articulate the agentive role both children and teachers play in socialization landscapes and the dynamism of education in globalized contexts. [socialization, children's agency, globalization, Reggio Emilia, South Korea]Abstract in Korean본 논문은 전지구화의 맥락에서 변화하고 있는 한국 아동사회화 지형을 서구적 사회화 이데올로기의 유입과 토착화 과정을 중심으로 살펴본다. 서구적 유아교육법을 채택하여 실천하고 있는 유아원에 대한 민족지적 조사를 통해, 논문은 전지구적으로 우세한 사회화 이념과 관습이 한국적 가치와 조우하면서 나타나는 현상, 특히 토착화 과정에서 교사와 아동의 상호작용이 만들어내는 긴장과 역동성에 주목한다. ‘메시지 센터’라고 불리는 교실 활동을 둘러싼 상호작용 분석은 아동들이 글로벌한 이념과 관습을 교사들이 해석한대로 수동적으로 받아들이기보다는, 또래 문화의 사회적 목표에 맞게 창의적으로 재해석하고 있음을 보여준다. 더 나아가 아동들의 재해석은 교사들이 새로운 관습과 가치를 실행하고 이해하는 방식에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 논문의 결과는 전지구화의 맥락에서 변화하는 사회화 지형에 아동과 교사의 행위성이 미치는 영향력과 사회화 과정의 역동성을 보여준다.
Insights into invasive species from whole‐genome resequencing
Authors: North Henry L. , McGaughran Angela , Jiggins Chris D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStudies of invasive species can simultaneously inform management strategies and quantify rapid evolution in the wild. The role of genomics in invasion science is increasingly recognised, and the growing availability of reference genomes for invasive species is paving the way for whole‐genome resequencing studies in a wide range of systems. Here, we survey the literature to assess the application of whole‐genome resequencing data in invasion biology. For some applications, such as the reconstruction of invasion routes in time and space, sequencing the whole genome of many individuals can increase the accuracy of existing methods. In other cases, population genomic approaches such as haplotype analysis can permit entirely new questions to be addressed and new technologies applied. To date whole‐genome resequencing has only been used in a handful of invasive systems, but these studies have confirmed the importance of processes such as balancing selection and hybridization in allowing invasive species to reuse existing adaptations and rapidly overcome the challenges of a foreign ecosystem. The use of genomic data does not constitute a paradigm shift per se, but by leveraging new theory, tools, and technologies, population genomics can provide unprecedented insight into basic and applied aspects of invasion science.
Solving Time Fractional Schrödinger Equation in the Sense of Local Fractional Derivative
Authors: Bayrak Mine Aylin , Demir Ali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The motivation of the study is solving the mathematical problems including time fractional Schrödinger equation by means of a method which is a combination of Chebyshev collocation method and residual power series method (RPSM). The time fractional derivative in local fractional derivative sense is discretized with the help of Chebyshev collocation method to reduce time fractional Schrödinger equation into a system including two fractional ordinary differential equations. At this stage, applying RPSM produces the truncated solution of the mathematical problem. Given examples illustrated that this method is applicable and compatible for solving mathematical problems with fractional derivative.