bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from a population-based serological survey
Authors: Bi Qifang , Lessler Justin , Eckerle Isabella , Lauer Stephen A. , Kaiser Laurent , Vuilleumier Nicolas , Cummings Derek A. T. , Flahault Antoine , Petrovic Dusan , Guessous Idris , Stringhini Silvia , Azman Andrew S. ,   SEROCoV-POP Study Group, Stringhini Silvia , Guessous Idris , Baysson Hélène , Collombet Prune , De Ridder David , d’Ippolito Paola , Rinella Matilde D’asaro-Aglieri , Dibner Yaron , Merjani Nacira El , Francioli Natalie , Frangville Marion , Marcus Kailing , Martinez Chantal , Noel Natacha , Pennacchio Francesco , Perez-Saez Javier , Petrovic Dusan , Picazio Attilio , Pishkenari Alborz , Piumatti Giovanni , Portier Jane , Pugin Caroline , Rakotomiaramanana Barinjaka , Richard Aude , Salzmann-Bellard Lilas , Schrempft Stephanie , Zaballa Maria-Eugenia , Waldmann Zoé , Wisniak Ania , Davidovic Alioucha , Duc Joséphine , Guérin Julie , Lombard Fanny , Will Manon , Flahault Antoine , Vernez Isabelle Arm , Keiser Olivia , Mattera Loan , Schellongova Magdalena , Kaiser Laurent , Eckerle Isabella , Lescuyer Pierre , Meyer Benjamin , Poulain Géraldine , Vuilleumier Nicolas , Yerly Sabine , Chappuis François , Welker Sylvie , Courvoisier Delphine , Gétaz Laurent , Nehme Mayssam , Pardo Febronio , Violot Guillemette , Hurst Samia , Matute Philippe , Maugey Jean-Michel , Pittet Didier , L’Huillier Arnaud G. , Posfay-Barbe Klara M. , Pradeau Jean-François , Tacchino Michel , Trono Didier 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the risk of infection from household- and community-exposures and the transmissibility of asymptomatic infections is critical to SARS-CoV-2 control. Limited previous evidence is based primarily on virologic testing, which disproportionately misses mild and asymptomatic infections. Serologic measures are more likely to capture all previously infected individuals. We apply household transmission models to data from a cross-sectional, household-based population serosurvey of 4,534 people ≥5 years from 2,267 households enrolled April-June 2020 in Geneva, Switzerland. We found that the risk of infection from exposure to a single infected household member aged ≥5 years (17.3%,13.7-21.7) was more than three-times that of extra-household exposures over the first pandemic wave (5.1%,4.5-5.8). Young children had a lower risk of infection from household members. Working-age adults had the highest extra-household infection risk. Seropositive asymptomatic household members had 69.4% lower odds (95%CrI,31.8-88.8%) of infecting another household member compared to those reporting symptoms, accounting for 14.5% (95%CrI, 7.2-22.7%) of all household infections.
Identification of pyrogallol as a warhead in design of covalent inhibitors for the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease
Authors: Su Haixia , Yao Sheng , Zhao Wenfeng , Zhang Yumin , Liu Jia , Shao Qiang , Wang Qingxing , Li Minjun , Xie Hang , Shang Weijuan , Ke Changqiang , Feng Lu , Jiang Xiangrui , Shen Jingshan , Xiao Gengfu , Jiang Hualiang , Zhang Leike , Ye Yang , Xu Yechun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) urgently needs an effective cure. 3CL protease (3CLpro) is a highly conserved cysteine proteinase that is indispensable for coronavirus replication, providing an attractive target for developing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. Here we describe the discovery of myricetin, a flavonoid found in many food sources, as a non-peptidomimetic and covalent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Crystal structures of the protease bound with myricetin and its derivatives unexpectedly revealed that the pyrogallol group worked as an electrophile to covalently modify the catalytic cysteine. Kinetic and selectivity characterization together with theoretical calculations comprehensively illustrated the covalent binding mechanism of myricetin with the protease and demonstrated that the pyrogallol can serve as an electrophile warhead. Structure-based optimization of myricetin led to the discovery of derivatives with good antiviral activity and the potential of oral administration. These results provide detailed mechanistic insights into the covalent mode of action by pyrogallol-containing natural products and a template for design of non-peptidomimetic covalent inhibitors against 3CLpros, highlighting the potential of pyrogallol as an alternative warhead in design of targeted covalent ligands.
Intrinsic ecological dynamics drive biodiversity turnover in model metacommunities
Authors: O’Sullivan Jacob D. , Terry J. Christopher D. , Rossberg Axel G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTurnover of species composition through time is frequently observed in ecosystems. It is often interpreted as indicating the impact of changes in the environment. Continuous turnover due solely to ecological dynamics—species interactions and dispersal—is also known to be theoretically possible; however the prevalence of such autonomous turnover in natural communities remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that observed patterns of compositional turnover and other important macroecological phenomena can be reproduced in large spatially explicit model ecosystems, without external forcing such as environmental change or the invasion of new species into the model. We find that autonomous turnover is triggered by the onset of ecological structural instability—the mechanism that also limits local biodiversity. These results imply that the potential role of autonomous turnover as a widespread and important natural process is underappreciated, challenging assumptions implicit in many observation and management tools. Quantifying the baseline level of compositional change would greatly improve ecological status assessments.
A Late Cretaceous true polar wander oscillation
Authors: Mitchell Ross N. , Thissen Christopher J. , Evans David A. D. , Slotznick Sarah P. , Coccioni Rodolfo , Yamazaki Toshitsugu , Kirschvink Joseph L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTrue polar wander (TPW), or planetary reorientation, is well documented for other planets and moons and for Earth at present day with satellites, but testing its prevalence in Earth’s past is complicated by simultaneous motions due to plate tectonics. Debate has surrounded the existence of Late Cretaceous TPW ca. 84 million years ago (Ma). Classic palaeomagnetic data from the Scaglia Rossa limestone of Italy are the primary argument against the existence of ca. 84 Ma TPW. Here we present a new high-resolution palaeomagnetic record from two overlapping stratigraphic sections in Italy that provides evidence for a ~12° TPW oscillation from 86 to 78 Ma. This observation represents the most recent large-scale TPW documented and challenges the notion that the spin axis has been largely stable over the past 100 million years.
Nanoscale bubble domains with polar topologies in bulk ferroelectrics
Authors: Yin Jie , Zong Hongxiang , Tao Hong , Tao Xuefei , Wu Haijun , Zhang Yang , Zhao Li-Dong , Ding Xiangdong , Sun Jun , Zhu Jianguo , Wu Jiagang , Pennycook Stephen J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMultitudinous topological configurations spawn oases of many physical properties and phenomena in condensed-matter physics. Nano-sized ferroelectric bubble domains with various polar topologies (e.g., vortices, skyrmions) achieved in ferroelectric films present great potential for valuable physical properties. However, experimentally manipulating bubble domains has remained elusive especially in the bulk form. Here, in any bulk material, we achieve self-confined bubble domains with multiple polar topologies in bulk Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 ferroelectrics, especially skyrmions, as validated by direct Z-contrast imaging. This phenomenon is driven by the interplay of bulk, elastic and electrostatic energies of coexisting modulated phases with strong and weak spontaneous polarizations. We demonstrate reversable and tip-voltage magnitude/time-dependent donut-like domain morphology evolution towards continuously and reversibly modulated high-density nonvolatile ferroelectric memories.
Molecular benchmarks of a SARS-CoV-2 epidemic
Authors: Jonsson Hakon , Magnusson Olafur T. , Melsted Pall , Berglund Jonas , Agustsdottir Arna B. , Eiríksdottir Berglind , Fridriksdottir Run , Garðarsdottir Elisabet Eir , Georgsson Gudmundur , Gretarsdottir Olafia S. , Guðmundsson Kjartan R. , Gunnarsdottir Thora Rosa , Eggertsson Hannes , Gylfason Arnaldur , Holm Hilma , Jensson Brynjar O. , Jonasdottir Aslaug , Jonsson Frosti , Josefsdottir Kamilla S. , Thordardottir Marianna , Kristinsson Karl G. , Kristjánsson Þórður , Magnusdottir Droplaug N. , Roux Louise le , Saemundsdottir Jona , Sigurdsson Asgeir , Sigmundsdottir Gudrun , Sveinbjornsson Gardar , Rognvaldsson Solvi , Eiriksson Ogmundur , Magnusson Magnus Karl , Sveinsdottir Kristin Eva , Sveinsdottir Maney , Thorarensen Emil Aron , Thorbjornsson Bjarni , Löve Arthur , Norddahl Gudmundur L. , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Sulem Patrick , Masson Gisli , Moller Alma , Gudnason Thorolfur , Kristjansson Mar , Helgason Agnar , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Stefansson Kari 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA pressing concern in the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and other viral outbreaks, is the extent to which the containment measures are halting the viral spread. A straightforward way to assess this is to tally the active cases and the recovered ones throughout the epidemic. Here, we show how epidemic control can be assessed with molecular information during a well characterized epidemic in Iceland. We demonstrate how the viral concentration decreased in those newly diagnosed as the epidemic transitioned from exponential growth phase to containment phase. The viral concentration in the cases identified in population screening decreased faster than in those symptomatic and considered at high risk and that were targeted by the healthcare system. The viral concentration persists in recovering individuals as we found that half of the cases are still positive after two weeks. We demonstrate that accumulation of mutations in SARS-CoV-2 genome can be exploited to track the rate of new viral generations throughout the different phases of the epidemic, where the accumulation of mutations decreases as the transmission rate decreases in the containment phase. Overall, the molecular signatures of SARS-CoV-2 infections contain valuable epidemiological information that can be used to assess the effectiveness of containment measures.
Significant underestimation of radiative forcing by aerosol–cloud interactions derived from satellite-based methods
Authors: Jia Hailing , Ma Xiaoyan , Yu Fangqun , Quaas Johannes 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSatellite-based estimates of radiative forcing by aerosol–cloud interactions (RFaci) are consistently smaller than those from global models, hampering accurate projections of future climate change. Here we show that the discrepancy can be substantially reduced by correcting sampling biases induced by inherent limitations of satellite measurements, which tend to artificially discard the clouds with high cloud fraction. Those missed clouds exert a stronger cooling effect, and are more sensitive to aerosol perturbations. By accounting for the sampling biases, the magnitude of RFaci (from −0.38 to −0.59 W m−2) increases by 55 % globally (133 % over land and 33 % over ocean). Notably, the RFacifurther increases to −1.09 W m−2when switching total aerosol optical depth (AOD) to fine-mode AOD that is a better proxy for CCN than AOD. In contrast to previous weak satellite-based RFaci, the improved one substantially increases (especially over land), resolving a major difference with models.
In silico voltage-sensitive dye imaging reveals the emergent dynamics of cortical populations
Authors: Newton Taylor H. , Reimann Michael W. , Abdellah Marwan , Chevtchenko Grigori , Muller Eilif B. , Markram Henry 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVoltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) is a powerful technique for interrogating membrane potential dynamics in assemblies of cortical neurons, but with effective resolution limits that confound interpretation. To address this limitation, we developed an in silico model of VSDI in a biologically faithful digital reconstruction of rodent neocortical microcircuitry. Using this model, we extend previous experimental observations regarding the cellular origins of VSDI, finding that the signal is driven primarily by neurons in layers 2/3 and 5, and that VSDI measurements do not capture individual spikes. Furthermore, we test the capacity of VSD image sequences to discriminate between afferent thalamic inputs at various spatial locations to estimate a lower bound on the functional resolution of VSDI. Our approach underscores the power of a bottom-up computational approach for relating scales of cortical processing.
IL-6 regulates autophagy and chemotherapy resistance by promoting BECN1 phosphorylation
Authors: Hu Fuqing , Song Da , Yan Yumeng , Huang Changsheng , Shen Chentao , Lan Jingqin , Chen Yaqi , Liu Anyi , Wu Qi , Sun Li , Xu Feng , Hu Fayong , Chen Lisheng , Luo Xuelai , Feng Yongdong , Huang Shengyou , Hu Junbo , Wang Guihua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExtracellular cytokines are enriched in the tumor microenvironment and regulate various important properties of cancers, including autophagy. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the link between autophagy and extracellular cytokines remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrate that IL-6 activates autophagy through the IL-6/JAK2/BECN1 pathway and promotes chemotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). Mechanistically, IL-6 triggers the interaction between JAK2 and BECN1, where JAK2 phosphorylates BECN1 at Y333. We demonstrate that BECN1 Y333 phosphorylation is crucial for BECN1 activation and IL-6-induced autophagy by regulating PI3KC3 complex formation. Furthermore, we investigate BECN1 Y333 phosphorylation as a predictive marker for poor CRC prognosis and chemotherapy resistance. Combination treatment with autophagy inhibitors or pharmacological agents targeting the IL-6/JAK2/BECN1 signaling pathway may represent a potential strategy for CRC cancer therapy.
Seasonality of agricultural exposure as an important predictor of seasonal yellow fever spillover in Brazil
Authors: Hamlet Arran , Ramos Daniel Garkauskas , Gaythorpe Katy A. M. , Romano Alessandro Pecego Martins , Garske Tini , Ferguson Neil M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractYellow fever virus (YFV) is a zoonotic arbovirus affecting both humans and non-human primates (NHP’s) in Africa and South America. Previous descriptions of YF’s seasonality have relied purely on climatic explanations, despite the high proportion of cases occurring in people involved in agriculture. We use a series of random forest classification models to predict the monthly occurrence of YF in humans and NHP’s across Brazil, by fitting four classes of covariates related to the seasonality of climate and agriculture (planting and harvesting), crop output and host demography. We find that models captured seasonal YF reporting in humans and NHPs when they considered seasonality of agriculture rather than climate, particularly for monthly aggregated reports. These findings illustrate the seasonality of exposure, through agriculture, as a component of zoonotic spillover. Additionally, by highlighting crop types and anthropogenic seasonality, these results could directly identify areas at highest risk of zoonotic spillover.
Ladder-like energy-relaying exciplex enables 100% internal quantum efficiency of white TADF-based diodes in a single emissive layer
Authors: Han Chunmiao , Du Ruiming , Xu Hui , Han Sanyang , Ma Peng , Bian Jinkun , Duan Chunbo , Wei Ying , Sun Mingzhi , Liu Xiaogang , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDevelopment of white organic light-emitting diodes based on purely thermally activated delayed fluorescence with a single-emissive-layer configuration has been a formidable challenge. Here, we report the rational design of a donor-acceptor energy-relaying exciplex and its utility in fabricating single-emissive-layer, thermally activated delayed fluorescence-based white organic light-emitting diodes that exhibit 100% internal quantum efficiency, 108.2 lm W−1 power efficiency, and 32.7% external quantum efficiency. This strategy enables thin-film fabrication of an 8 cm × 8 cm thermally activated delayed fluorescence white organic light-emitting diodes (10 inch2) prototype with 82.7 lm W−1 power efficiency and 25.0% external quantum efficiency. Introduction of a phosphine oxide-based acceptor with a steric group to the exciplex limits donor-acceptor triplet coupling, providing dual levels of high-lying and low-lying triplet energy. Transient spectroscopic characterizations confirm that a ladder-like energy relaying occurs from the high-lying triplet level of the exciplex to a blue emitter, then to the low-lying triplet level of the phosphine oxide acceptor, and ultimately to the yellow emitter. Our results demonstrate the broad applicability of energy relaying in multicomponent systems for exciton harvesting, providing opportunities for the development of third-generation white organic light-emitting diode light sources.
Influence of static disorder of charge transfer state on voltage loss in organic photovoltaics
Authors: Yan Jun , Rezasoltani Elham , Azzouzi Mohammed , Eisner Flurin , Nelson Jenny 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSpectroscopic measurements of charge transfer (CT) states provide valuable insight into the voltage losses in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Correct interpretation of CT-state spectra depends on knowledge of the underlying broadening mechanisms, and the relative importance of molecular vibrational broadening and variations in the CT-state energy (static disorder). Here, we present a physical model, that obeys the principle of detailed balance between photon absorption and emission, of the impact of CT-state static disorder on voltage losses in OPVs. We demonstrate that neglect of CT-state disorder in the analysis of spectra may lead to incorrect estimation of voltage losses in OPV devices. We show, using measurements of polymer:non-fullerene blends of different composition, how our model can be used to infer variations in CT-state energy distribution that result from variations in film microstructure. This work highlights the potential impact of static disorder on the characteristics of disordered organic blend devices.
Skin strata delineation in reflectance confocal microscopy images using recurrent convolutional networks with attention
Authors: Bozkurt Alican , Kose Kivanc , Coll-Font Jaume , Alessi-Fox Christi , Brooks Dana H. , Dy Jennifer G. , Rajadhyaksha Milind 
Published: June 2021

AbstractReflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is an effective non-invasive tool for cancer diagnosis. However, acquiring and reading RCM images requires extensive training and experience, and novice clinicians exhibit high discordance in diagnostic accuracy. Quantitative tools to standardize image acquisition could reduce both required training and diagnostic variability. To perform diagnostic analysis, clinicians collect a set of RCM mosaics (RCM images concatenated in a raster fashion to extend the field view) at 4–5 specific layers in skin, all localized in the junction between the epidermal and dermal layers (dermal-epidermal junction, DEJ), necessitating locating that junction before mosaic acquisition. In this study, we automate DEJ localization using deep recurrent convolutional neural networks to delineate skin strata in stacks of RCM images collected at consecutive depths. Success will guide to automated and quantitative mosaic acquisition thus reducing inter operator variability and bring standardization in imaging. Testing our model against an expert labeled dataset of 504 RCM stacks, we achieved $$88.07\%$$

88.07
%

classification accuracy and nine-fold reduction in the number of anatomically impossible errors compared to the previous state-of-the-art.
Alcohol intoxication, but not hangover, differentially impairs learning and automatization of complex motor response sequences
Authors: Opitz Antje , Ghin Filippo , Hubert Jan , Verster Joris C. , Beste Christian , Stock Ann-Kathrin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBehavioral automatization usually makes us more efficient and less error-prone, but may also foster dysfunctional behavior like alcohol abuse. Yet, it has remained unclear whether alcohol itself causes the shift from controlled to habitual behavior commonly observed in alcohol use disorder (AUD). We thus investigated how the acute and post-acute effects of binge drinking affect the automatization of motor response sequences and the execution of automated vs. controlled motor response sequences.N = 70 healthy young men performed a newly developed automatization paradigm once sober and once after binge drinking (half of them intoxicated and half of them hungover). While we found no significant effects of alcohol hangover, acute intoxication (~ 1.2 ‰) had two dissociable effects: Firstly, it impaired the automatization of complex motor response sequence execution. Secondly, it eliminated learning effects in response selection and pre-motor planning processes. The results suggest that alcohol hangover did not affect controlled or automated processes, and disprove the assumption that alcohol intoxication generally spares or facilitates motor response sequence automatization. As these effects could be specific to the investigated explicit learning context, acute intoxication might potentially still improve the execution of pre-existing automatisms and/or the implicit acquisition of motor response sequence automatisms.
Physical activity attenuates the associations of systemic immune-inflammation index with total and cause-specific mortality among middle-aged and older populations
Authors: Li Hang , Wu Xiulong , Bai Yansen , Wei Wei , Li Guyanan , Fu Ming , Jie Jiali , Wang Chenming , Guan Xin , Feng Yue , Meng Hua , Li Mengying , He Meian , Zhang Xiaomin , Guo Huan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSystemic immune-inflammation index (SII) emerged as a biomarker of chronic inflammation and an independent prognostic factor for many cancers. We aimed to investigate the associations of SII level with total and cause-specific mortality risks in the general populations, and the potential modification effects of lifestyle-related factors on the above associations. In this study, we included 30,521 subjects from the Dongfeng-Tongji (DFTJ) cohort and 25,761 subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2014. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the associations of SII with mortality from all-cause, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer and other causes. In the DFTJ cohort, compared to subjects in the low SII subgroup, those within the middle and high SII subgroups had increased risks of total mortality [hazard ratio, HR (95% confidence interval, CI) = 1.12 (1.03–1.22) and 1.26 (1.16–1.36), respectively) and CVD mortality [HR (95%CI) = 1.36 (1.19–1.55) and 1.50 (1.32–1.71), respectively]; those within the high SII subgroup had a higher risk of other causes mortality [HR (95%CI) = 1.28 (1.09–1.49)]. In the NHANES 1999–2014, subjects in the high SII subgroup had higher risks of total, CVD, cancer and other causes mortality [HR (95%CI) = 1.38 (1.27–1.49), 1.33 (1.11–1.59), 1.22 (1.04–1.45) and 1.47 (1.32–1.63), respectively]. For subjects with a high level of SII, physical activity could attenuate a separate 30% and 32% risk of total and CVD mortality in the DFTJ cohort, and a separate 41% and 59% risk of total and CVD mortality in the NHANES 1999–2014. Our study suggested high SII level may increase total and CVD mortality in the general populations and physical activity exerted a beneficial effect on the above associations.