bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Neuropathology: Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 invasion of Human Brainstem Nuclei
Authors: Emmi Aron , Rizzo Stefania , Barzon Luisa , Carturan Elisa , Sinigaglia Alessandro , Riccetti Silvia , Barbera Mila Della , Berto Rafael Boscolo , Cocco Patrizia , Macchi Veronica , De Gasperi Monica , Basso Cristina , De Caro Raffaele , Porzionato Andrea 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Neurological manifestations are common in COVID-19, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite some reports of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with COVID-19, it is still unclear whether the virus can infect the central nervous system (CNS), and which neuropathological alterations can be ascribed to viral tropism rather than immune-mediated mechanisms. Available autopsy reports are often conflictual, reporting a heterogeneous spectrum of neuropathological alterations, while viral proteins and RNA were detected only in sparse cells within the brainstem; furthermore, there appears to be no consistent correlation between viral invasion and neuropathological alterations to date. Here, we assess the neuropathological changes occurring in 24 patients who died following a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic (from March 2020 to May 2021) and 10 age-matched controls with comparable medical conditions. Aside from a wide spectrum of neuropathological alterations, including astrogliosis, sparse lympho-monocytic infiltrations and several instances of small vessel thromboses, we identified 5 COVID-19 subjects presenting SARS-CoV-2-immunoreactive neurons within the boundaries of the solitary tract nucleus, nucleus ambiguus and substantia nigra in the brainstem. In these subjects, viral RNA was also detected by real-time RT-PCR. Quantification of reactive microglia revealed an anatomically segregated pattern of inflammation targeting mainly the medulla oblongata and the mesencephalon, and was significantly higher when compared to controls. However, SARS-CoV-2 direct invasion did not appear to correlate with the severity of neuropathological changes. The results of this study support the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 by demonstrating the presence of viral proteins and genome sequences within the human brainstem, but further investigation is required to identify the link between invasion and consequent neuropathological alterations in humans.
Blockchain localization spoofing detection based on Fuzzy AHP in IoT systems
Authors: Lv Wenzhe , Qiu Xuesong , Meng Luoming 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Location spoofing detection is an important part of location proof schemes in IoT systems. It is important for location systems to accurately evaluate the credibility of location data uploaded by users. Differ with the works employing physical layer features such as signal strength or channel state information, we focus on laying the foundation for solutions aiming to build the location spoofing detection functions in the blockchain based IoT systems. More specifically,an IoT system is established at the node level and the moving-track level for the evaluation of the credibility of location proof with the characteristics of the blockchain positioning system. A multi-layer fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) evaluation method is considered for the detection of location spoofing in blockchains. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is practical, and can provide a reference for the credibility evaluation of location proof.
Characteristics of muscle contraction of the rectus femoris using Tensiomyography by sex in healthy adolescents: a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kusumoto Yasuaki , Goto Hayato , Chiba Kouhei , Onishi Sakiko , Tsuchiya Junko 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Tensiomyography (TMG) is a non-invasive instrument for measuring mechanical muscle contraction characteristics, and measures the maximum displacement of the muscle belly in the vertical direction and the time needed to achieve this from electrical stimulation. There have only been few reports of TMG on general healthy adults. A systematic review on TMG reported a low proportion of female participants with a small sample size. Therefore, it is unclear whether there is a difference in TMG parameters by sex and between the dominant and non-dominant feet. Furthermore, the relationship between the TMG parameters and the evaluations commonly used in clinical practice has not been clarified. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of muscle contraction of the rectus femoris using tensiomyography by sex among healthy adolescents and its relationship with muscle function evaluation, such as lower limb muscle mass and muscle strength. The subjects included 91 healthy university students. The measurement items included TMG, lower limb muscle mass, rectus femoris thickness, isometric knee joint extension torque, and thigh circumference.
Results

There was a main effect on sex in all parameters (ρ ≤ 0.05). In terms of TMG parameters, maximum displacement (Dm) in the non-dominant foot was significantly lower in women. The correlation between TMG parameters for males and females and lower limb muscle mass, muscle thickness, joint torque, and thigh circumference had a significant correlation with some TMG parameters and lower limb muscle mass (ρ ≤ 0.05). The absolute value of the correlation coefficient was overall low with 0.27 ~0.45.
Conclusion

In healthy adolescents, there was a difference by sex in TMG parameters and a weak correlation between TMG parameters and the lower limb muscle mass. TMG parameter evaluation may indicate a different function compared with the traditional muscle function assessment used in clinical practice. The TMG parameter is considered as a unique evaluation method for neuromuscular function assessment.
Viral Drug prediction with Matrix Decomposition and Two-layer Heterogeneous Graph Inference
Authors: Qu Jia , Cheng Xiao-Long , Bian ze-Kang , Ni Tong-Guang , Guan Na-Na 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Recently, the association prediction between viruses and drugs has drawn more and more attention. A growing number of studies have shown that the problem of antiviral drug resistance is increasing and has become a major problem plaguing the medical community. Moreover, the development cycle of new drugs is long and requires a lot of funds. If new viruses emerge, effective antiviral drugs are urgently needed. Therefore, effective calculation methods are required to predict potential antiviral drugs. In this paper, we developed a computational model of Matrix Decomposition and Heterogeneous Graph based Inference for Drug-Virus Association (MDHGIVDA) to predict potential drug-virus associations. MDHGIVDA integrated virus sequence similarity, drug chemical structure similarity, drug side effect similarity, Gaussian interaction profile kernel similarity for drugs and viruses, new drug-virus associations matrix obtained by matrix decomposition to discover new drug-virus associations. Due to the use of matrix factorization and heterogeneous graphs, our model has a high prediction accuracy compared with the previous four models. In the global and local leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV), MDHGIVDA obtained area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.8528 and AUC of 0.8532, respectively. In addition, in the five-fold cross validation, the AUC and the standard deviation is 0.8299 0.0037, which shows that MDHGIVDA has stability and high prediction accuracy. In the case studies of three important viruses, 18, 14, and 16 out of the top 20 predicted drugs for Zika virus (ZIKV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 ( SARS-COV-2 ), Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) were verified respectively by searching the literature on PubMed. These results showed that MDHGIVDA is effective in predicting potential drug-virus associations.
Energy Expenditure and Body Composition in Preterm Newborns with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia at Term Age
Authors: Lima Paola Azara Tabicas , Méio Maria Dalva Barbosa Baker , Moreira Maria Elisabeth Lopes , de Abranches Andrea Dunshee , Milanesi Bruna Grazziotti , Gomes-Junior Saint Clair S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A cross-sectional study was carried out in a cohort of newborns with less than 32 weeks of gestational age. We aimed to evaluate and compare resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition between newborns who did or did not develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The resting energy expenditure and body composition were assessed at the corrected term age using air displacement plethysmography. Anthropometric measurements (weight, head circumference, and length) were performed and transformed into Z-scores per the Fenton curve (2013) at birth and corrected term age. Forty-two newborns were included, of which 26.2% developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Newborns with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) had significantly higher energy expenditure at corrected term age, with no differences in body composition between the two groups. Conclusion: Newborns with bronchopulmonary dysplasia had higher resting energy expenditure at the corrected term, with no difference in body composition compared to those who did not develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Population-based virucidal phthalocyanine gargle/rinse protocol to reduce the risk of coronavirus disease-2019: a community trial
Authors: Reia Verônica Caroline Brito , Bastos Roosevelt da Silva , Vilhena Fabiano Vieira , Honório Heitor Marques , Alves Lucas Marques da Costa , Frazão Paulo , Santos Paulo Sérgio da Silva 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose: In this community trial, the objective was to evaluate the incidence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases in two similar communities in three distinct phases: phase 1 (before the intervention), 2 (during the intervention), and 3 (after the intervention).Methods: The test community received the oral antiseptic intervention (experimental), while the control community did not. The official information agency provided the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Data were analyzed according to the three phases per epidemiological week (epi) using the R Core Team (2021) program. The relative risk and 95% confidence intervals between the cumulative incidence values of the test and control communities were calculated for each period. In the test community, a total of 995 residents, over 10 years of age, received two bottles containing 600 ml of mouthwash with antiviral phthalocyanine derivative (APD). The participants were asked to gargle/rinse with of 5 mL of the mouthwash with ADP 3 to 5 times a day, for 1 min, until the end of the bottles. Results: In phases 1 and 3, disease risk between the two communities did not differ significantly (p> 0.05), while in phase 2, disease risk was 54% lower in the test community than in the control community. Conclusion: The use of the APD mouthwash protocol seems to reduce the COVID-19 incidence at the population level, and further studies are needed to confirm its protective effect in different contexts.
Phenazines Modulate Gastrointestinal Metabolism and Microbiota
Authors: Peng Wenjing , Li Hui , Zhao Xiaole , Shao Bing , Zhu Kui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Natural and synthetic phenazines are ubiquitously occurred in environment and have been used for various therapeutic purposes in human, animals and agriculture, and the widespread use makes residue problem in environment and foods increasingly serious. However, the metabolic and comprehensive impacts of phenazines on the digestive tract are poorly understood, particularly the microbial pyocyanin (PYO), the most representative phenazines produced by Pseudomonas . Here, we utilized PYO as the representative of phenazines to study the effects on digestive tract. Results: Metabolic kinetic analysis showed that PYO exhibited low oral bioavailability in both rats and swine model, revealing a restriction of PYO in gut and might cause impacts on digestive tract. PYO was subsequently found to induce intestinal barrier destruction including inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in duodenum. Microbiome analysis showed that PYO caused gut microbiota dysbiosis by decreasing the symbiotic bacteria and increasing the opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. Additionally, the integral and dysfunctional assessment of liver demonstrated that PYO induced liver inflammation and metabolic disorder. Metabolism analysis further confirmed that PYO could be metabolized by both gut microbiota and liver, and all metabolites retained the nitrogen-containing tricyclic structural skeleton of phenazines, which was the core bioactivity of phenazine compounds, indicating all the outcomes were due to the intrinsic characteristic of phenazine structure. Conclusions: PYO were low oral bioavailable and all the metabolites retained the nitrogen-containing tricyclic structural skeleton, final resulting in the damages to digestive tract including intestinal barrier destruction, gut microbiota dysbiosis, liver damages and metabolic disorder. These findings elucidated the effect of phenazines on digestive tract in vivo and shed light on the rational design of phenazines for the development and application of such compounds in future.
Diet, microbes, and cancer across the tree of life: a systematic review
Authors: Kapsetaki Stefania E. , Alcaraz Gissel Marquez , Maley Carlo C. , Whisner Corrie M. , Aktipis Athena 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cancers are a leading cause of death in humans and for many other species. Diet has often been associated with cancers, and the microbiome is an essential mediator between diet and cancers. Here we review the work on cancer and the microbiome across species. We systematically reviewed over a thousand published articles and identified links between diet, microbes and cancers in several species of mammals, birds, and flies. Some microbes, specifically Fusobacteria, Bacteroides fragilis, Helicobacter bacteria, and papillomaviruses, have cancer-inducing effects in gerbils, mice, dogs, or cats. Other microbes, such as Lactobacillus species, mostly found in milk products, prevent gastrointestinal, breast, and lung cancers in mice and rats. Future work should examine a larger variety of host species to discover new model organisms for human preclinical trials, better understand the observed variance in cancer prevalence across species, and discover which microbes and diets are associated with cancers across species. Ultimately this could help identify microbial and dietary interventions to diagnose, prevent and treat cancers in humans as well as other animals.
Sexually dimorphic mechanosensory neurons regulate copulation duration and persistence in male Drosophila
Authors: Jois Shreyas , Chan Yick-Bun , Fernandez Maria Paz , Pujari Narsimha , Janz Lea Joline , Leung Adelaine Kwung-Wai 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Peripheral sensory neurons are the gateway to the environment across species. In Drosophila, olfactory and gustatory senses are required to initiate courtship, as well as for the escalation of courtship patterns that lead to copulation. To be successful, copulation must last long enough to ensure the transfer of sperm and seminal fluid that ultimately leads to fertilization. The fly genitalia contain sex-specific bristle hairs innervated by mechanosensory neurons. To date, the role of the sensory information collected by these peripheral neurons in male copulatory behavior is unknown. Here, we employed genetic manipulations that allow driving gene expression in the male genitalia as a tool to uncover the role of these genitalia specific neurons in copulation. We found that the sensory information received by the mechanosensory neurons (MSNs) at the male genitalia plays a key role in copulation duration. We confirmed that these MSNs are cholinergic and co-express both fru and dsx. Moreover, our results show that the function of these fru/dsx cholinergic MSNs is required for copulation persistence, which ensures copulation is undisrupted in the presence of environmental stress before sperm transfer is complete.
Gravitational cells and gravitational strings as a necessary part of the gravitational field. Obtaining new physical formulas and indicators: the formula for the gravitational constant, the formula for the mass of the hydrogen atom, the formula for the vibrational velocity of a gravitational string, the minimum distance of action of gravitational forces etc.
Authors: Chernov Andrey 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study introduces scientific concepts such as gravitational cells and gravitational strings. Gravitational cells and gravitational strings have been organically built into the concept of a gravitational field. This innovation has led to significant scientific results. These results include obtaining the formula for the gravitational constant, the formula for the electron mass, the formula for the mass of the hydrogen atom, the formula for the minimum distance of the action of the gravitational field, etc. All formulas were confirmed by experimental data. In this work, the Planck formula was successfully applied to the gravitational field. A distinctive feature of this study is the fact that most of the new formulas contain only fundamental physical constants (without introducing additional indicators and proportionality coefficients). In this work, the concept of a gravitational quantum is introduced and its value is determined. Also, a new physical constant was obtained - the mass of the gravitational cell of a black hole.
WITHDRAWN: Geogrid Reinforced Brick Buildings for Earthquake Disaster Mitigations
Authors: Behera Biplab , Nanda Radhikesh Prasad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the event of a severe earthquake, the walls of brick buildings experience in-plane shear and out-of-plane bending, leading to diagonal crack and corner failure respectively. In this study, an experimental investigation was carried to observe the above damages on brick masonry buildings reinforced with geogrid embedded in bed joint mortar of the walls. It was observed that the geogrid reinforced brick panels showed better shear strength, lateral strength, ductility, etc. A qualitative comparison was made using a sinusoidal shake table test on a one-fourth single-room building model consisting of two sets of corner walls with and without geogrid reinforcement. It was observed that the corner wall without reinforcement showed crack initiation at 0.45g and complete collapse with over toppling of the transverse wall at 0.90g, while no sign of damages for the corner walls strengthened with geogrid reinforcement for any level of shaking.
Multiple and Complex Codimension-2 Bifurcations underlying Post-inhibitory Rebound Spike and Excitability Transition
Authors: Wang Xianjun , Gu Huaguang , Li Yuye , Lu Bo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Neuron exhibits nonlinear dynamics such as excitability transition and post-inhibitory rebound (PIR) spike related to bifurcations, which are associated with information processing, locomotor modulation, or brain disease. PIR spike is evoked by inhibitory stimulation instead of excitatory stimulation, which presents a challenge to the threshold concept. In the present paper, 7 codimension-2 or degenerate bifurcations related to 10 codimension-1 bifurcations are acquired in a neuronal model, which presents the bifurcations underlying the excitability transition and PIR spike. Type I excitability corresponds to saddle-node bifurcation on an invariant cycle (SNIC) bifurcation, and type II excitability to saddle-node (SN) bifurcation or sub-critical Hopf (SubH) bifurcation or sup-critical Hopf (SupH) bifurcation. The excitability transition from type I to II corresponds to the codimension-2 bifurcation, Saddle-Node Homoclinic orbit (SNHO) bifurcation, via which SNIC bifurcation terminates and meanwhile big homoclinic orbit (BHom) bifurcation and SN bifurcation emerge. A degenerate bifurcation via which BHom bifurcation terminates and fold limit cycle (LPC) bifurcation emerges is responsible for spiking transition from type I to II, and the roles of other codimension-2 bifurcations (Cusp, Bogdanov-Takens, and Bautin) are discussed. In addition, different from the widely accepted viewpoint that PIR spike is mainly evoked near Hopf bifurcation rather than SNIC bifurcation, PIR spike is identified to be induced near SNIC or BHom or LPC bifurcations, and threshold curves resemble that of Hopf bifurcation. The complex bifurcations present comprehensive and deep understandings of excitability transition and PIR spike, which are helpful for the modulation to neural firing activities and physiological functions.
Machine Learning Approach for Gesture Based Arabic Sign Language Recognition for Impaired People
Authors: Ritonga Mahyudin , El-Aziz Rasha M.Abd , Dr. Varsha , Alazzam Maulik Bader , Alassery Fawaz , A. NagaJyothi , Algani Yousef Methkal Abd , B. Kiran Bala , S Balaji 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Exceptional research activities have been endorsed by the Arabic Sign Language for recognizing gestures and hand signs utilizing the deep learning model. Sign languages refer to the gestures, which are utilized by hearing impaired people for communication. These gestures are complex for understanding by normal people. Due to variation of Arabic Sign Language (ArSL) from one territory to another territory or between countries, the recognition of Arabic Sign Language (ArSL) became an arduous research problem. The recognition of Arabic Sign Language has been learned and implemented utilizing multiple traditional and intelligent approaches and there were only less attempts made for enhancing the process with the help of deep learning networks. The proposed system here encapsulates a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based machine learning technique, which utilizes wearable sensors for recognition of the Arabic Sign Language (ArSL). The model suits to all local Arabic gestures, which are used by the hearing-impaired people of the local Arabic community. The proposed system has a reasonable and moderate accuracy. Initially a deep Convolutional network is built for feature extraction, which is extracted from the collected data by the wearable sensors. These sensors are used for recognizing accurately the 30 hand sign letters of the Arabic sign language. DG5-V hand gloves embedded with wearable sensors are used for capturing the hand movements in the dataset. The CNN approach is utilized for the classification purpose. The hand gestures of the Arabic sign language are the input and the vocalized speech is the output of the proposed system. The results achieved a recognition rate of 90%. The proposed system was found highly efficient for translating hand gestures of the Arabic Sign Language into speech and writing.