bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allopregnanolone: An overview on its synthesis and effects
Authors: Diviccaro Silvia , Cioffi Lucia , Falvo Eva , Giatti Silvia , Melcangi Roberto Cosimo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAllopregnanolone, a 3α,5α‐progesterone metabolite, acts as a potent allosteric modulator of the γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor. In the present review, the synthesis of this neuroactive steroid occurring in the nervous system is discussed with respect to physiological and pathological conditions. In addition, its physiological and neuroprotective effects are also reported. Interestingly, the levels of this neuroactive steroid, as well as its effects, are sex‐dimorphic, suggesting a possible gender medicine based on this neuroactive steroid for neurological disorders. However, allopregnanolone presents low bioavailability and extensive hepatic metabolism, limiting its use as a drug. Therefore, synthetic analogues or a different therapeutic strategy able to increase allopregnanolone levels have been proposed to overcome any pharmacokinetic issues.
Evaluation of changes in skin characteristics due to the poor quality of sleep caused by smartphone usage
Authors: Jang Sue Im , Jung Yuchul , Lee Myeongryeol , Kim Jinsol , Kim Beom Joon , Suh Byung‐Fhy , Kim Eunjoo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundBlue wavelengths are thought to have an effect on circadian rhythms. Using a smartphone, which emits a 453 nm blue light, can worsen the quality of sleep.AimsTo study the skin changes caused by poor sleep quality induced by smartphone usage.MethodsThe participants were 22 Korean women aged 20–39 years, with no sleep problems and a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score of <5. The participants used a smartphone for 2 h before normal sleep hours. The measurement points were as follows: after a good sleep (D0), after bad sleep day 1 (D1), after bad sleep day 3 (D3), and after bad sleep day 7 (D7). The sleep time, wake‐up time, shallow sleep rate, and sleeping time duration were recorded using a smartwatch.ResultsThe quality of their sleep deteriorated. The average time of falling asleep extended to 2 a.m., which was about 34 min later. Additionally, their skin moisture content decreased, and sebum content increased. Skin desquamation was increased, and skin gloss, transparency, and elasticity decreased mainly on the skin surface.ConclusionsSleep quality decreases with smartphone usage among people who do not usually use their smartphones before going to sleep and do not have any sleep problems. The results showed significant changes in skin optics and surface properties when the quality of sleep was degraded for 7 days.
What is and what ought to be: A meta‐synthesis of residential aged care staffs’ perspectives on quality care
Authors: Garratt Stephanie M. , Kosowicz Leona , Gilbert Andrew S. , Dow Briony , Ostaszkiewicz Joan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs places of both residence and work, what constitutes “good quality care” in residential aged care requires consideration of staffs’ perspectives.ObjectiveA meta‐synthesis of the qualitative literature was conducted exploring residential aged care staff perspectives on “quality of care.”MethodsSix electronic databases were searched for articles that met the screening inclusion criteria. This meta‐synthesis was informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, and included studies were critically appraised using JBI SUMARI. Two independent reviewers conducted thematic network mapping and analysis of included articles, with oversight from three additional reviewers.ResultsForty‐seven articles were included, with findings summarised into four organising themes and nine basic themes. The four organising themes about quality care from staff perspectives include direct care, professional values and competence, the care environment and organisational/regulatory factors.ConclusionStaff describe a wide range of factors that they perceived to influence the quality of care. Some may feel motivated to leave employment in aged care, due to organisational pressures that make staff unable to uphold what they perceive as an acceptable standard of care. There is tension between professional values and organisation/regulatory factors—regulation should be enacted at a level that supports good practice and staff's moral integrity.Relevance to clinical practiceThis review found that while person‐centred care is now well established as the benchmark of quality care in residential aged care homes, achieving it in reality remains challenged by limitations on staff members’ time, resources and sometimes their competencies and the regularity of their employment.
Socializing justice: The interface of just world beliefs and legal socialization
Authors: Thomas Kendra J. , Theodoro Renan , Komatsu Andre V 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOne of the pillars of legal socialization theory is how non‐legal contexts shape the legitimacy of and compliance with laws. Yet there is little longitudinal evidence establishing the interface mechanism between these spheres. The purpose of this research was to demonstrate how youths’ beliefs in a just world (BJW) can help explain the transmission between the justice of non‐legal authorities (parents and schools) and law legitimacy and rule violating behavior (RVB). We utilized two waves of longitudinal data from adolescents at ages 13 and 14 (N = 680) in the São Paulo Legal Socialization Study. Structural equation modeling revealed a good fit to the tested model that parental procedural justice and school justice predict both personal and general BJW, and these predict law legitimacy evaluations 1 year later. General and personal BJW also had an indirect effect on RVB over the following year via law legitimacy. The results suggest that non‐legal authorities may influence law legitimacy not through a direct projection (which was not significant), but through an indirect process of worldview construction. Legal socialization and just world belief research can converge to help explain the interface between non‐legal and legal spheres of authority.
Weekly and seasonal variation in the circadian melatonin rhythm in humans: Entrained to local clock time, social time, light exposure or sun time?
Authors: Skeldon Anne C. , Dijk Derk‐Jan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA recent elegant study published in this journal (Zerbini, Winnebeck & Merrow, J Pineal Res, e12723, 2021) reported data on weekly and seasonal changes in circadian timing, as assessed by the melatonin rhythm in dim light in a population that was exposed to a change from standard time to day light saving time. The authors highlight a one hour earlier timing of melatonin onset in summer compared with winter and a 20 minutes delay on work‐free days compared with work days. The variations in the timing of the melatonin rhythm are reported in standard time and the authors imply that the data are consistent with synchronization to midday and that “we know that humans entrain to sun time.” Here, we show that their extensive data are most parsimoniously explained by entrainment to local clock time and associated light exposure rather than “sun time,” indexed by either dawn or midday.
Control ofSalmonellaDublin in a bovine dairy herd
Authors: Kent Emily , Okafor Chika , Caldwell Marc , Walker Tate , Whitlock Brian , Lear Andrea 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSalmonella entericaserovar Dublin (S. Dublin) was diagnosed in a dairy herd after signs of acute gastroenteritis and sepsis. Two hundred eighty‐three Holstein cattle were sampled resulting in 700 observations, and serology forS. Dublin was performed. Holstein cattle sampled were divided by origin and arrival date to determine on‐farm exposure. Prevalence estimates were calculated and compared with control measures implemented on the dairy during the outbreak. One group of cows, presumed to be the original carrier animals, had the highest overall seroprevalence (76.5%). Seroprevalence decreased throughout the study, coinciding with testing and management changes. This report documents biosecurity measures that identifiedS. Dublin after the purchase of subclinical carrier cattle and the steps taken to successfully control herd transmission.
Hepatitis C elimination in Sweden: Progress, challenges and opportunities for growth in the time of COVID‐19
Authors: Blach Sarah , Blomé Marianne , Duberg Ann‐Sofi , Jerkeman Anna , Kåberg Martin , Klasa Per‐Erik , Lagging Martin , Razavi‐Shearer Devin , Razavi Homie , Aleman Soo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsIn 2014, the burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Sweden was evaluated, to establish a baseline and inform public health interventions. Considering the changing landscape of HCV treatment, prevention, and care, and in light of the COVID‐19 pandemic, this analysis seeks to evaluate Sweden's progress towards the World Health Organization (WHO) elimination targets and identify remaining barriers.MethodsThe data used for modelling HCV transmission and disease burden in Sweden were obtained through literature review, unpublished sources and expert input. A dynamic Markov model was employed to forecast population sizes and incidence of HCV through 2030. Two scenarios (‘2019 Base’ and ‘WHO Targets’) were developed to evaluate Sweden's progress towards HCV elimination.ResultsAt the beginning of 2019, there were 29 700 (95% uncertainty interval: 19 300‐33 700) viremic infections in Sweden. Under the base scenario, Sweden would achieve and exceed the WHO targets for diagnosis, treatment and liver‐related death. However, new infections would decrease by less than 10%, relative to 2015. Achieving all WHO targets by 2030 would require (i) expanding harm reduction programmes to reach more than 90% of people who inject drugs (PWID) and (ii) treating 90% of HCV + PWID engaged in harm reduction programmes and ≥7% of PWID not involved in harm reduction programmes, annually by 2025.ConclusionsIt is of utmost importance that Sweden, and all countries, find sustainability in HCV programmes by broadening the setting and base of providers to provide stability and continuity of care during turbulent times.
Coexistence of onychomycosis and nail psoriasis and its correlation with systemic treatment
Authors: Grynszpan Rachel , Barreiros Gloria , do Nascimento Paixão Marilene , Frasnelli Fernandes Mariana , Aguinaga Felipe , Camargo Cláudia , Ramos‐e‐Silva Marcia , Carneiro Sueli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies indicate that onychomycosis may affect up to 79% of psoriatic patients. Onychomycosis in psoriatic patients is more commonly caused by yeasts comparing with non‐psoriatic.ObjectivesEvaluate the prevalence of fungi in nail psoriasis. Evaluate the association between direct mycological examination (DME) and mycological culture, Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) and systemic treatment for psoriasis.MethodsOf 133 nails from 20 patients with nail psoriasis were evaluated as follows: 9 patients were using topical treatment and 11 were on systemic treatment. The assessment of psoriasis severity using NAPSI was performed in all psoriatic nails. The presence of fungi was confirmed in DME and culture.ResultsDME showed the presence of fungal elements in 45 nails (33.83%) with a predominance of blastoconidia (95.5%) No septate hyphae were seen. Mycological culture was positive in 36 (27.06%) samples. Among them, Candida grew in 31 (86.1%):Candida parapsilosisin 15 (48.38%),Candidaspp in 14 (45.16%). No growth of dermatophytes was observed. Patients with systemic treatment showed a higher frequency of positive test (DME and culture) for fungi when compared to topic treatment (p:.006). There was a positive correlation between NAPSI, mycological culture and systemic treatment (p:.0063); the risk was four times higher (OR:4.0).Limitation of the studySample size.ConclusionThese results are consistent with some previous reports, Candida was the fungus with higher frequency on the psoriatic nails, however, the role of these fungi is controversial (contamination x colonisation x infection). The fact that the immunosuppressive treatment increases the chance of fungal infection leads us to a greater attention to this patient profile, to prevent the intensification of nail psoriasis (Köbner phenomenon).
Novel recurrence risk stratification of odontogenic keratocysts: A systematic review
Authors: Titinchi Fadi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify all clinical, radiological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features associated with recurrence of odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) in the literature and formulate a recurrence risk stratification based on these findings. A search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane databases for clinical and laboratory studies reporting on clinico‐pathological features that led to OKC recurrences for the period 2000 to 2020. Twenty‐three studies were identified and analyzed qualitatively. A total of 2064 OKCs were included of which 439 OKCs were recurrent with a mean follow‐up period of 46.7 months. Significantly associated parameters with OKC recurrence included age (variable age categories), large (>4 cm), multilocular lesions with cortical perforation, association with dentition, presence of daughter cysts, and epithelial budding. Immunohistochemical markers including high Ki67 index and AgNOR count were also implicated. A recurrence risk stratification was formulated based on these findings. Although the level of evidence from the included studies was low, there was considerable evidence that the clinico‐pathological parameters identified were linked with higher OKC recurrence. The surgeon, radiologist, and pathologist should aim to identify these features when making a diagnosis so as to determine the appropriate management regime and prevent recurrences.
Expression profile and bioinformatics analysis of circular RNAs in tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Zexi , Jie Yinghui , Qiu Zailing , Zhang Mi , Shi Bin , Zhu Xiaofeng , Chen Jiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study was designed to identify the role of circRNAs in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and discover novel circRNAs as potential diagnostic or therapeutic targets for TSCC.ResultsThe circRNA expression profiles in TSCC were evaluated by high‐throughput sequencing in 6 TSCC patients. Our data showed that 69 circRNAs were downregulated and 208 were upregulated significantly (fold change ≥2.0; p < 0.05). GO and KEGG analysis demonstrated that the parental genes of differentially expressed circRNAs were potentially implicated in TSCC pathogenesis. After bioinformatics analysis, 4 circRNAs (hsa_circ_0005035, hsa_circ_0002360, hsa_circ_0066251, and hsa_circ_0003161) were selected and successfully validated by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) in 40 patients and 3 TSCC cell lines. The establishment and analysis of the circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network revealed the potential function and mechanism of these candidate circRNAs.ConclusionOur study provided a comprehensive circRNAs expression profile of TSCC by RNA‐seq and discovered 4 novel circRNAs with potential great diagnostic and therapeutic value. These findings provide new insights into the development of potential biomarkers and targets for TSCC treatment.
Treatment of pruritus with botulinum toxin in a pediatric patient with Fox‐Fordyce disease
Authors: Klager Skylar , Kumar Monique Gupta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFox‐Fordyce disease is a chronic pruritic disorder of apocrine sweat glands that is often associated with significantly decreased quality of life. With no definitive cure, affected patients are often treated with topical corticosteroids as first‐line therapy, but evidence for treatment of refractory cases is limited. We present an adolescent with Fox‐Fordyce disease successfully treated for symptomatic relief with botulinum toxin type A injections. While previously reported in an adult patient, we detail the efficacy of this therapy in a pediatric patient.
Cover Image
Authors: Hu Zi‐Min , Shan Ti‐Feng , Zhang Jie , Zhang Quan‐Sheng , Critchley Alan T. , Choi Han‐Gil , Yotsukura Norishige , Liu Fu‐Li , Duan De‐Lin 
Published: June 2021

The cover image is based on the Review Article Kelp aquaculture in China: A retrospective and future prospects by Zi‐Min Hu et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12524.
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Evaluation of a new causal chain model for predicting embedded psychosocial and behavioral relationships in a community‐based obesity treatment seeking maintained weight loss
Authors: Annesi James J. , Walsh Stephanie M. 
Published: June 2021

A new causal chain model positing theory‐ and research‐based interrelationships among psychosocial and behavioral variables leading to weight loss and its maintenance was assessed. Two samples of women participating in community‐based cognitive‐behavioral obesity treatments were assessed over either 6 months (weight loss phase; N = 103), or additionally including Months 6–12 (weight‐loss maintenance phase; N = 101). Analyses first evaluated whether baseline physical, demographic, behavioral (physical activity, fruit/vegetable intake), and/or psychosocial (self‐regulation, self‐efficacy, negative mood) variables significantly predicted weight change. Further analyses assessed whether changes in model‐based behavioral and psychosocial variables significantly differed by groupings of participants based on their short‐term weight loss and weight‐loss maintenance/further loss. The predictive value of changes in the psychosocial variables on behavioral changes was next assessed, also accounting for group. Finally, mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation analyses tested proposed causal chain‐based interrelationships among variables. Of the 12 variables assessed at baseline, only weight was inversely associated with lost weight, and only fruit/vegetable intake was positively associated with effects during the weight‐loss maintenance phase. Overall improvements in behavioral and psychosocial variables were significantly greater in participant groupings with better weight loss and weight‐loss maintenance results. Changes in self‐regulation, self‐efficacy, and mood significantly predicted the weight‐loss behavior changes, unaffected by group. Results from the five mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation analyses supported hypotheses based on the new causal chain model. The field testing indicated adequacy of the new causal chain model and informed architectures of behavioral obesity treatments concerned with long‐term reductions in excess weight.
Bayesian explorations with dice
Authors: Berg Arthur 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe topic of Bayesian updating is explored using standard and non‐standard dice as an intuitive and motivating model. Details of calculating posterior probabilities for a discrete distribution are provided, offering a different view to P‐values. This article also includes the stars and bars counting technique, a powerful method of counting that is accessible to students who have been introduced to permutations and combinations. Supportive R code is included throughout, and a Shiny application accompanies the article allowing for an interactive exploration of the topics discussed.
Transnational spaces of education as infrastructures of im/mobility
Authors: Kleibert Jana M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHow do transnational education and international student mobilities intersect? Drawing on geographical literatures on knowledge mobilities and migration infrastructures, offshore campuses are conceptualised as infrastructures of im/mobilities, which are simultaneously embedded within global networks and situated within regional migration regimes. Based on qualitative research on offshore campuses in Southeast Asia, I presents a systematic typology of how offshore campuses and international student mobilities intersect. It is shown how mobile universities play a complex and situated role in reconfiguring international student mobilities and how their material and discursive spaces are sites of circulation and containment. By developing an infrastructures perspective that takes universities as brokers and campuses as the sites of brokerage into consideration, the study advances geographical knowledge on globalising education and mobilities.
Not a crystal ball: Mapping opportunities and threats for the future demand of red blood cells in the Netherlands using a scenario approach
Authors: Langi Sasongko Praiseldy , van den Hurk Katja , van Kraaij Marian , Rouwette Etiënne A. J. A. , Marchau Vincent A. W. J. , Janssen Mart P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs Western blood transfusion practices are changing, there is interest and need in anticipating the future demand of blood products and how a blood establishment can actively prepare for various long‐term developments. This article provides an overview of how a scenario approach was used to prioritize key categories of drivers for the future demand of red blood cells and the organizational implications thereof for Sanquin, the Dutch national blood establishment.Study Design and MethodsBased on previously identified drivers from interviews and a literature review (Step 1), we conducted scenario sessions and a survey to rank a list of drivers (“themes”) with its related opportunities and threats (Step 2), to identify mitigating measures per theme through focus groups (Step 3).ResultsIn Step 2, 10 themes were found that were classified in terms of importance and uncertainty. These were plotted on a two‐dimensional graph with an ellipse to indicate the interquartile ranges per theme. Experts rated the top three most important themes to be the blood supply organization, precision medicine, and red blood cell replacements. In Step 3, focus groups identified specific mitigating measures per theme. These measures had parallel ideas, such as the need for an innovative mentality, internal and external communication and collaboration, and building Sanquin's reputation and trust with the public.ConclusionHaving identified the most important themes with suggestions for mitigating measures, Sanquin can take steps to become adaptive and proactive. Other blood establishments may also use a scenario approach to create contextualized long‐term strategies.