bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinaesthetic Perception and Architecture
Authors: Özdamar Esen Gökçe 
Published: October 2021

This article highlights the review of the kinaesthetic perception derived from the words Greek kinein (to move), and aesthesis is defined as the perception of movement in architecture. Kinaesthetic perception is defined as “a sense mediated by end organs located in muscles, tendons, and joints and stimulated by bodily movement and tensions,” and “sensory experience derived from this sense”. Since the 1960s, kinaesthetic perception, known as a term in neurology, psychology, orthopedics, and medicine, has been explored for creativity, especially in architecture, art, dance, particle animation, hypermedia, and game theories. This perception has been studied in Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology in architectural theory and education and in terms of the oblique idea of Paul Virilio and Claude Parent, which have emerged as one of the important and triggering terms of kinaesthetic perception in architecture today. With the advent of technology, re-introducing this perception through technology or traditional means can help us remember the multidimensional interaction of our senses. Therefore, this article examines an interdisciplinary relationship between kinaesthetic perception, architecture, and movement, and the body or soma and asks what kinaesthetic perception can provide new experiences in architecture.
A comprehensive review on loops in orthodontics
Authors: Sudhakar Shetty Suhani , Shrinivasa Kamath Apoorva , Shetty Praveena , Antony Glodwin , Shaji M Sachin 
Published: October 2021

Extraction therapies are commonly done in patients with protrusion and/or crowding which demands a thorough understanding of biomechanics. Two basic types of space closing mechanics are friction/sliding and frictionless/loop mechanics. In the former, the wire and position of the bracket are important factors in tooth movement but the simplicity of friction mechanics is offset by the binding between bracket and archwire and may be associated with undesirable side effects such as uncontrolled tipping and deep bite. In frictionless mechanics, specially designed springs are used which provides the required moment to force ratio (M/F ratio) in three dimensions and they are more predictable and versatile. An electronic literature search was conducted via google scholar, PubMed, and dental associations’ of different countries’ website using the key word “Loops” and “Frictionless mechanics.Different configuration of loops have been used in orthodontic treatment and a comprehensive review of types of loops commonly used in retraction has been highlighted in this article.: Provide appropriate messages of about 35-50 words to be printed in centre box:In frictionless mechanics, specially designed springs are used which provides the required moment to force ratio in three dimensions and they are more predictable and versatile. Different configuration of loops have been used and a comprehensive review of types of loops commonly used in retraction has been highlighted in this article.
Reimaging Post COVID-19 Global Value Chain: Case Study of Automotive and Electronic Companies in China
Authors: Putri Rizky Anggia , Hudaya Maula 
Published: October 2021

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of 2019 caused various problems for the international community, especially China as the outbreak’s epicenter. With the enactment of a lockdown policy in China, various activities involving human interactions, especially economic activities, are limited and can potentially disrupt the global value chain as China is the world’s factory. In this paper, we examine the impact of the pandemic on the Global Value Chain (GVC) in China. The authors argue that the pandemic has forced the companies that integrated with GVC to rethink their strategy on keeping the production process running well. This paper analyzes the impact of pandemics on the GVC in China by comparing the historical trajectories, actor’s strategies, and regulations before and after the pandemic. We compare these indicators before and after the pandemic to determine how they affect the GVC system and how companies adapt to the disruption by rethinking and readjusting their strategies. Thus, the analysis can conclude whether the fragmented GVC system is still relevant or needs an entirely new system with more resistance to phenomena like the COVID-19 pandemic.Keywords: The COVID-19 pandemic, Lockdown, Fragmented Global Value Chain, Companies Operated in ChinaMerebaknya pandemi COVID-19 di penghujung tahun 2019 menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan bagi dunia internasional khususnya Tiongkok sebagai episentrum penyebaran virus. Dengan diberlakukannya kebijakan lockdown di Tiongkok, berbagai aktivitas yang melibatkan interaksi manusia, khususnya aktivitas ekonomi, menjadi terbatas dan berpotensi mengganggu rantai nilai global karena Tiongkok adalah pabrik dunia. Dalam tulisan ini kami membahas dampak pandemi pada Global Value Chain (GVC) di Tiongkok. Penulis berpendapat bahwa pandemi telah memaksa perusahaan yang terintegrasi dengan GVC untuk memikirkan kembali strategi mereka dalam menjaga agar proses produksi tetap berjalan dengan baik. Tulisan ini menganalisis dampak pandemi terhadap GVC di Tiongkok dengan membandingkan lintasan historis, strategi aktor dan regulasi sebelum dan sesudah pandemi. Dengan membandingkan indikator-indikator tersebut di masa sebelum dan setelah pandemi, akan membantu untuk mengetahui bagaimana pandemi memengaruhi sistem GVC dan bagaimana perusahaan beradaptasi terhadap gangguan dengan memikirkan dan menyesuaikan kembali strategi mereka. Dengan demikian, analisis tersebut dapat digunakan untuk menyimpulkan apakah sistem GVC yang terfragmentasi masih relevan atau ternyata diperlukan sistem yang benar-benar baru yang lebih tahan terhadap fenomena pandemi COVID-19 tersebut.Kata-kata Kunci: Pandemi COVID-19, Lockdown, Global Value Chain Terfragmentasi, Perusahaan yang beroperasi di Tiongkok
Nematoda Tanah Mononchida pada Kebun Durian (Durio sp.) di Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Novianita Dinda , Fitriyanti Dewi , Gafur Abdul 
Published: October 2021

This research was conducted to identify soil nematode mononchids on durian rhizosphere in Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan. Soil samples were taken at a depth of 0-20 cm around the rhizosphere of durian from two location: Kebun Durian (Meek Farm), Guntung Manggis, Landasan Ulin District and Gotong Royong II street of Mentaos, Banjarbaru Utara District, Banjarbaru. Nematode were extracted by a filter tray method, killed using hot formaline 4%; mounted on permanent slides and identified to genera using a microscope with a magnification up to 1000x. The results showed existence the genera of Iotonchus, Mylonchulus and Margaronchulus on rhizosphere of durian were recorded in Banjarbaru.
Performance of arithmetical operations on mobile gadgets using axioms of classical and nonstandard interval analysis
Authors: Dubnitskiy Valeriy , Kobylin Anatolii , Kobylin Oleg 
Published: October 2021

We propose a programming system for calculation of economical standards of regulating banking activity by means of Euclidian and interval arithmetic using mobile gadgets. The program was created by means of Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 Express for Windows Phone using C#. The feature of this programming system is the possibility to be used anywhere: during business negotiations, in the absence of PCs and WiFi, etc. For its application, one needs a smartphone with Android operation system. The smartphone needs to have a capacitive screen with multi-touch input with the possibility of more than four touches at once. The size of the screen can vary, but the resolution must be 480*480 pixels. During the progress, the system calculates the indicators of banking activity approved by National bank of Ukraine. Using of the interval arithmetic gives the possibility to analyse the financial status of the bank under any conditions. The comparison of the results of arithmetical operations by using the axioms of classical and nonstandard interval analysis was carried out. The criterion of the efficiency is the value of the relative change of the final interval of the calculations that were carried out using the axioms of the nonstandard interval analysis related to the same calculations that were carried out using the axioms of the classical interval analysis. For efficiency comparison we choose standard indicators that define the financial safety of the bank. The results of the calculations show that the intervals defined according to the rules of the nonstandard interval mathematics have the size of the interval 12-90% less than the intervals calculated according to the rules of the classical interval mathematics.
Philadelphia’s Excise Tax on Sugar-Sweetened and Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Benefit Redemption
Authors: Chrisinger Benjamin W. 
Published: October 2021

Objectives. To assess the effect of a 2017 excise tax on sugar and artificially sweetened beverages in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on the shopping patterns of low-income populations using Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) data. Methods. I used a synthetic controls approach to estimate the effect of the tax on Philadelphia and neighboring Pennsylvania counties (Bucks, Delaware, and Montgomery) as measured by total SNAP sales (“SNAP redemption”) and SNAP redemption per SNAP participant. I assembled biannual data (2005–2019) from all US counties for SNAP redemption and relevant predictors. I performed placebo tests to estimate statistically significant effects and conducted robustness checks. Results. Detectable increases in SNAP spending occurred in all 3 Philadelphia neighboring counties. Per-participant SNAP spending increased in 2 of the neighboring counties and decreased in Philadelphia. These effects were robust across multiple specifications and placebo tests. Conclusions. The tax contributed to increased SNAP shopping in Philadelphia’s neighboring counties across both outcome measures, and decreased spending in Philadelphia (at least by 1 measure). This raises questions about retailer behavior, the effectiveness of the tax’s public health aim of reducing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, and policy aims of investing in low-income communities. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(11):1986–1996. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306464 )
Workplace Leave and Breastfeeding Duration Among Postpartum Women, 2016–2018
Authors: Kortsmit Katherine , Li Rui , Cox Shanna , Shapiro-Mendoza Carrie K. , Perrine Cria G. , D’Angelo Denise V. , Barfield Wanda D. , Shulman Holly B. , Garfield Craig F. , Warner Lee 
Published: October 2021

Objectives. To examine associations of workplace leave length with breastfeeding initiation and continuation at 1, 2, and 3 months. Methods. We analyzed 2016 to 2018 data for 10 sites in the United States from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, a site-specific, population-based surveillance system that samples women with a recent live birth 2 to 6 months after birth. Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined associations of leave length (< 3 vs ≥ 3 months) with breastfeeding outcomes. Results. Among 12 301 postpartum women who planned to or had returned to the job they had during pregnancy, 42.1% reported taking unpaid leave, 37.5% reported paid leave, 18.2% reported both unpaid and paid leave, and 2.2% reported no leave. Approximately two thirds (66.2%) of women reported taking less than 3 months of leave. Although 91.2% of women initiated breastfeeding, 81.2%, 72.1%, and 65.3% of women continued breastfeeding at 1, 2, and 3 months, respectively. Shorter leave length (< 3 months), whether paid or unpaid, was associated with lower prevalence of breastfeeding at 2 and 3 months compared with 3 or more months of leave. Conclusions. Women with less than 3 months of leave reported shorter breastfeeding duration than did women with 3 or more months of leave. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(11):2036–2045. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306484 )
Highly TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose for Removal of Ionic and Complexed Cadmium From Complicated Water-System
Authors: Yu Huajian , Zheng Liuchun , Zhang Tao , Ren Jingjing , Meng Peipei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
TEMPO-NaDCC-oxidized cellulose (TNOCS) with a large surface area and an abundance of carboxyl groups was used to remove heavy metal ions (Cd, Cu and Pb) and their organic acid complexes [HM-OAs] (OAs, i.e., citric acid (CA), propionic acid (PA)), and then reveal the adsorption behaviors. Take Cd and CA for example, the results showed that some of Cd ions was firstly adsorbed on TNOCS, and then the existence of [Cd-CA−] complexes formed a coordination structure with preloaded Cd ions to serve as a bridge for combining TNOCS and [Cd-CA]. Moreover, adsorption energies and molecular orbital distributions indicated that the adsorption capacity of [Cd-CA] was better than that of Cd alone. In addition, the electron density, deformation charge and Mulliken charge distribution were confirmed that the electron transfer direction was from carboxyl groups to cadmium, whether it was cadmium ions or complexed cadmium.
Establishment of a New Arrhythmia Model in SD Rats Induced by the Isoproterenol "6+1" Mode and Its Mechanisms
Authors: Guo ZiJing , Wang ZhiChao , Ma KeXin , Ding Baozhu , Ma GuoPing , Zhong Yi , Ling WenJie , Gao WeiFang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe main purpose is to establish an ideal arrhythmia model with isoproterenol and explore its mechanism.MethodsFifty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into the control (CON) group, subcutaneous injection (SC) group(ISO 5 mg/kg for 2 consecutive days), intraperitoneal injection (IP) group (ISO 5 mg/kg for 2 consecutive days), 2+1 group (ISO 5mg/kg by SC for 2 consecutive days, then ISO 3mg /kg by IP for 1 day), 6+1 group ( ISO 5mg/kg by SC for 6 consecutive days, then ISO 3mg /kg by IP for 1 day).The ECG were recorded by BL-420F system. The pathological changes in myocardial tissue were observed by HE and Masson staining. The serum cTnI, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels were detected by ELISA. Serum CK, LDH and oxidative stress-related indicators were detected by an automatic biochemical analyser. ResultsThe cardiomyocytes in the CON group rats were normal, while those in the other groups showed signs of disorder, unclear borders, and lysis and necrosis, especially in the 6+1 group. The incidence of arrhythmia, arrhythmia score, and the levels of serum myocardial enzymes, troponin, and some inflammatory factors in the 2+1 group and 6+1 group were higher than those in the single injection way (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05). The indicators in the 6+1 group were mostly higher than those in the 2+1 group (P＜0.01), and the SOD level in the 6+1 group was lower than that in the CON group; the MDA and NO higher(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05). Conclusion﻿The combined mode of ISO injection (SC with IP) is more likely to induce arrhythmia than single ISO injection. The "6+1" method of ISO injection can establish a more stable arrhythmia model. Cardiomyocyte damage induced by oxidative stress and inflammation is an important mechanism.
Exploring COVID-19 Related Factors and Psychological Distress Among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) Living with HIV in Argentina: Qualitative and Quantitative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Algarin Angel B , Morando Nicolas , Marone Ruben , Gomez-Carrillo Manuel , Pando Maria A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Our study aimed to understand how COVID-19 impacted the wellbeing of men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV. In this mixed-methods study we conducted a quantitative survey among 97 MSM living with HIV as well as in-depth qualitative 9 interviews with MSM living with HIV and health representatives. Results revealed that a high frequency of participants perceived some degree of impact on sexual activity due to COVID-19, with most of the MSM engaging in sex less frequently. Our results also indicate that an increase in precarious food, housing, and medical care access caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative impact on mental health. The qualitative findings demonstrated the benefit of communication at each level of care from patient, to care navigator, care provider, and the Ministry of Health in improving the care among PLWH.
Response Surface Mesh with the Outer Input Method
Authors: Duarte Francisco Daniel Filip 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Artificial intelligence in general and optimization tasks applied to the design of aerospace, space,and automotive structures, rely on response surfaces to forecast the output of functions, and are vital part of these methodologies. Yet they have important limitations, since greater precisions require greater data sets, thus, training or updating larger response surfaces become computationally expensive, sometimes unfeasible. This has been a bottle neck limitation to achieve more promising results, rendering many AI related task with a low efficiency.To solve this challenge, a new methodology created to segment response surfaces is hereby presented. Differently than other similar methodologies, the novel algorithm here presented named outer input method, has a very simple and robust operation. With only one operational parameter, maximum element size, it efficiently generates a near isopopulated mesh for any data set with any type of distribution, such as random, Cartesian, or clustered, for domains with any number of coordinates.Thus, it is possible to simplify the response surfaces by generating an ensemble of response surfaces, here denominated response surface mesh. This study demonstrates how a metamodel denominated Kriging, trained with a large data set, can be simplified with a response surface mesh, significantly reducing its often expensive computation costs> experiments here presented achieved an speed increase up to 180 times, while using a dual core parallel processingcomputer. This methodology can be applied to any metamodel, and metamodel elements can be easily parallelized and updated individually. Thus, its already faster training operation has its speed increased.
Indole-3-carbinol Inhibits Lipopolysaccharides-induced Small Intestinal Inflammation and Metabolic Disorder by Improving Glycerophospholipids Metabolism in Rabbits
Authors: Guo Zihan , Zhao Na , Liu Wang Cheng , Chen Puran , Fu Xiang , Wang Bin , Li Jing , Ye Xin , Lu Jingzhi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIndole-3-carbinol (I3C), a natural hydrolysis product of glucobrassicin, has a good effect on cancer, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of I3C on small intestinal inflammation induced by LPS in rabbits. 40 rabbits were randomly and averagely divided into four groups: control, I3C (40 mg·kg-1·BW I3C, OP), lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (0.5 mg·kg-1·BW LPS, IP injection), I3C + LPS (40 mg·kg-1·BW I3C, OP; 0.5 mg·kg-1·BW LPS, IP injection). The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes, intestinal injury in jejunum mucosa, the single and combined analysis of jejunum mucosa RNA-seq and serum metabolome were performed to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of I3C induced by LPS in rabbits.ResultsI3C group rabbits exerted a higher growth performance and intestinal immunity compared to the control group. In the comparison of I3C+LPS vs. LPS, I3C improved the metabolism of lipid, carbohydrate, vitamins, and increased the contents of serum carboxylic acids and derivatives, glycerophospholipids, steroids and steroid derivatives, fatty acyls, prenol lipids, and organooxygen compounds, which were all decreased by LPS. I3C suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, ICAM1, NOS2, GRO-B) and inhibited NOD-like and JAK-STAT signaling pathway induced by LPS through activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway. From the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), we found serum phosphatidylcholine (PC) (16:0/24:1(15Z)) was negatively correlated with NOD-like and JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and positively correlated with PPAR signaling pathway, while PC (20:2(11Z,14Z)/14:0) contrary to it. PC (16:0/24:1(15Z)) was negatively related to secreted phospholipase (sPLA2), but PC (20:2(11Z,14Z)/14:0) was positively regulated by solute carrier family 44 member 4 (SLC44A4). Meanwhile, I3C both reduced the upregulated expression of sPLA2 and SLC44A4, together with the serum restoration of decreased PC (16:0/24:1(15Z)) and increased PC (20:2(11Z,14Z)/14:0) stimulated by LPS.ConclusionI3C participated in reducing intestinal inflammation through activating the PPAR signaling pathway and improving glycerophospholipids synthesis and metabolism. We also found PC (16:0/24:1(15Z)) may be a endogenous agonists of PPAR, and PC (20:2(11Z,14Z)/14:0) may be an inflammatory biomarker.
Organic or conventional production system and nutrient rate affect the nematode community in carrot production
Authors: Grabau Zane J. , Treadwell Danielle D. , Perez Orozco Jose J. , Campbell David N. , Hochmuth Robert C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Organic and conventional production are common in horticulture crops and each system may exert a different influence on the soil ecosystem, particularly the nematode community. Crop nutrient rate is an important choice in both production systems. The objectives of this study were to assess the impacts of (i) organic and conventional production systems and (ii) nutrient rate in both systems on the nematode community in carrot production. To investigate these objectives, field studies in organic and conventional production – which included fumigation with 1,3-dichloropropene – were conducted in North-Central Florida. In both production systems, nutrient rate treatments were 168, 224, 280, 336, and 392 kg N/ha. Poultry litter was the nitrogen source in organic production whereas synthetic, inorganic fertilizer was used in conventional production. All nematode trophic groups were consistently more abundant in organic than conventional production. The nematode community was more diverse and had greater trophic structure in organic production. Greater rates of organic nutrients increased enrichment opportunists (bacterivores and fungivores), but inconsistently across years. Conventional production had similar results except that only moderate nutrient rates increased fungivore abundances. Extreme enrichment opportunists (Rhabditis spp.) drove bacterivore trends in organic production whereas moderate enrichment opportunists (Cephalobus spp.) drove trends in conventional production. Nutrient rates did not affect omnivore-predators, herbivores, nematode community diversity, or structure in either system. In summary, type of production system, organic or conventional, exerts a strong influence on the nematode community, but nutrient rate has less consistent effects in horticulture production.