bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain echocardiography to describe left ventricular function pre‐ and postexercise in elite basketball athletes: A feasibility study
Authors: Gruca Martin M. , Cheema Baljash , Garg Gaurang , Ryan Juliet , Thomas James D. , Rigolin Vera H. , Zielinski Allison R. , Puthumana Jyothy J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundElite athletes show structural cardiac changes as an adaptation to exercise. Studies examining strain in athletes have largely analyzed images at rest only. There is little data available regarding the change in strain with exercise. Our objectives were: to investigate the feasibility of strain analysis in athletes at peak exercise, to determine the normal range of left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) within this population postexercise, to describe how LV GLS changes with exercise, and to determine whether any clinical characteristics correlate with the change in GLS that occurs with exercise.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study on elite athletes who participated in the 2016–2018 National Basketball Association Draft Combines. Echocardiograms were obtained at rest and after completing a treadmill stress test to maximal exertion or completion of Bruce protocol. Primary outcomes included GLS obtained at rest and peak exercise. Secondary outcome was the change in GLS between rest and exercise. Univariate relationships between various clinical characteristics and our secondary outcome were analyzed.ResultsOur final cohort (n = 111) was all male and 92/111 (82.9%) were African American. Mean GLS magnitude increased in response to exercise (−17.6 ± 1.8 vs −19.2 ± 2.6, P < .0001). Lower resting heart rates (r = .22, P = .02) and lower heart rates at peak exercise (r = .21, P = .03) correlated with the increase in LV GLS from exercise.ConclusionsStrain imaging is technically feasible to obtain among elite basketball athletes at peak exercise. Normative strain response to exercise from this study may help identify abnormal responses to exercise in athletes.
Reindeer control over subarctic treeline alters soil fungal communities with potential consequences for soil carbon storage
Authors: Ylänne Henni , Madsen Rieke L. , Castaño Carles , Metcalfe Daniel B. , Clemmensen Karina E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe climate‐driven encroachment of shrubs into the Arctic is accompanied by shifts in soil fungal communities that could contribute to a net release of carbon from tundra soils. At the same time, arctic grazers are known to prevent the establishment of deciduous shrubs and, under certain conditions, promote the dominance of evergreen shrubs. As these different vegetation types associate with contrasting fungal communities, the belowground consequences of climate change could vary among grazing regimes. Yet, at present, the impact of grazing on soil fungal communities and their links to soil carbon have remained speculative. Here we tested how soil fungal community composition, diversity and function depend on tree vicinity and long‐term reindeer grazing regime and assessed how the fungal communities relate to organic soil carbon stocks in an alpine treeline ecotone in Northern Scandinavia. We determined soil carbon stocks and characterized soil fungal communities directly underneath and >3 m away from mountain birches (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) in two adjacent 55‐year‐old grazing regimes with or without summer grazing by reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). We show that the area exposed to year‐round grazing dominated by evergreen dwarf shrubs had higher soil C:N ratio, higher fungal abundance and lower fungal diversity compared with the area with only winter grazing and higher abundance of mountain birch. Although soil carbon stocks did not differ between the grazing regimes, stocks were positively associated with root‐associated ascomycetes, typical to the year‐round grazing regime, and negatively associated with free‐living saprotrophs, typical to the winter grazing regime. These findings suggest that when grazers promote dominance of evergreen dwarf shrubs, they induce shifts in soil fungal communities that increase soil carbon sequestration in the long term. Thus, to predict climate‐driven changes in soil carbon, grazer‐induced shifts in vegetation and soil fungal communities need to be accounted for.
Just ‘nanging’ around – harmful nitrous oxide use: a retrospective case series and review of Internet searches, social media posts and the coroner's database
Authors: Chiew Angela L. , Raubenheimer Jacques E. , Berling Ingrid , Buckley Nicholas A. , Becker Therese , Chan Betty , Brett Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe chronic recreational inhalation of nitrous oxide (N2O) ‘nanging’, can have adverse neurological and psychiatric effects.AimTo evaluate cases of chronic N2O use presenting to two hospitals, as well as to evaluate nationally N2O deaths reported to the coroner and trends in Internet searches and social media posts related to N2O.MethodsRetrospective review of two toxicology units, from July 2017 to October 2020, of patients presenting with chronic N2O use and neurological and/or psychiatric symptoms. We evaluated 10 years (2010–2019) of Internet search and social media trends involving N2O and the National Coronial Information System (NCIS) database for deaths across Australia.ResultsTwenty‐two patients were identified: median age 22 years, half female, 17 Asian background and 15 students. Presentations included decreased mobility or unsteady gait (n = 15) and psychiatric symptoms (n = 5). The median reported bulb use/day was 300 (interquartile range (IQR): 200–370), for a median of 6 months (IQR: 3–24). On magnetic resonance imaging, 10/18 had subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord and 7/7 sensorimotor neuropathy on nerve conduction studies. All received high‐dose intramuscular vitamin B12 and 11 methionine. Despite prolonged rehabilitation, nine required walking aids on discharge. Since 2017, social media posts and Internet searches for N2O increased rapidly, the latter mostly directed at obtaining N2O canisters. From the NCIS, 36 deaths were identified, 12 unintentional (recreational drug use), 20 intentional self‐harm and 4 traumatic.ConclusionWe report a case series of symptomatic chronic N2O use, many with ongoing neurological sequelae. Furthermore, a sharp increase in Internet searches to obtain N2O cannisters was noted. Education of high‐risk student groups on the long‐term sequelae is important.
Terrorism and religious fundamentalism
Authors: Setyawan Yusak Budi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAt the beginning of the second decade of the third millennium, terror acts in Indonesia significantly shifted domestic national issues. Given that religion‐based terrorism can be traced back to religious fundamentalism, this paper will set out a theological reflection from a biblical‐Christian perspective on the essence of religion. In enhancing religious life for peacebuilding, this paper highlights the importance of preventing religious fundamentalism. This paper highlights three suggestions in relation to efforts for peacebuilding in Indonesia. First is the importance for society to enhance religious life more critically. Second is the urgent need to develop a religious attitude that encourages reinterpreting religious texts in the frame of peacebuilding. And third is the urgent need to enhance social justice and welfare that might prevent the spread of religious fundamentalism.
Unity for the sake of missions
Authors: Hämäläinen Arto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPentecostal‐Charismatic Christians form a block of over 600 million people inside Christianity. This article assesses the theological and missiological reasons behind the development of Pentecostal‐Charismatic Christians since the beginning of the 20th century. Pentecostals have been hesitant in developing contacts with the World Council of Churches (WCC) and conciliar churches, fearing to be connected to a collaboration that is more human‐oriented than spirit‐oriented. Slowly, however, the openness toward visible, concrete cooperation on a larger basis has developed in mutual dialogue with others, such as the Global Christian Forum, which represents the Roman Catholic Church, the WCC, the World Evangelical Alliance, and the Pentecostal World Fellowship. Pentecostals today are involved in many kinds of collaboration between the different denominations among themselves but also with other evangelical and even conciliar churches when possible, to fulfil the Great Commission of Jesus Christ.
Er3+‐doped antimony‐silica glass and fiber for broadband optical amplification
Authors: Zhang Weida , Lin Liting , Lan Bijiao , Liu Jiantao , Chen Yun , Zhou Guiyao , Zhou Shifeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the synthesis, structure, and optical analysis of Er3+‐doped antimony‐silica glass system are reported. The hybridization of Si with Sb ions is found to be favorable for reducing the phonon energy of the glass system. The optical properties, including the emission intensity and bandwidth, can be simultaneously improved. Notably, the full width at half maxima (FWHM) of near‐infrared emission from Er3+ can be broadened from 61 to 82 nm. Furthermore, the antimony‐silica glass fiber is successfully prepared, and the luminescence and gain performance of the fiber are characterized. The antimony‐silica glass exhibits excellent fiber‐forming ability, and the obtained fiber shows excellent gain performance. The results suggest that antimony‐silica glass is a promising gain material for fiber amplifier and laser.
Using saturated absorption for superresolution laser scanning transmission microscopy
Authors: Nishida Kentaro , Sato Hikaru , Oketani Ryosuke , Mochizuki Kentaro , Temma Kenta , Kumamoto Yasuaki , Tanaka Hideo , Fujita Katsumasa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe improved the three‐dimensional spatial resolution of laser scanning transmission microscopy by exploiting the saturated absorption of dye molecules. The saturated absorption is induced by the high‐intensity light irradiation and localises the signal within the centre of the focal spot. Our numerical calculation indicates that the spatial resolution in transmission imaging is significantly improved for both lateral and axial directions using nonlinear transmitted signals induced by saturated absorption. We experimentally demonstrated the improvement of the three‐dimensional resolution by observing fine structures of stained rat kidney tissues, which were not able to be visualised by conventional laser scanning transmission microscopy.
Neuropeptides in the developing human hippocampus under hypoxic–ischemic conditions
Authors: González Fuentes Joaquín , Insausti Serrano Ricardo , Cebada Sánchez Sandra , Lagartos Donate Maria José , Rivas Infante Eloy , Arroyo Jiménez María del Mar , Marcos Rabal María del Pilar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe perinatal period, sensitive for newborn survival, is also one of the most critical moments in human brain development. Perinatal hypoxia due to reduced blood supply to the brain (ischemia) is one of the main causes of neonatal mortality. Brain damage caused by perinatal hypoxia–ischemia (HI) can lead to neuro‐ and psychological disorders. However, its impact seems to be region‐dependent, with the hippocampus being one of the most affected areas. Among the neuronal populations of the hippocampus, some interneuron groups – such as somatostatin‐ or neuropeptide Y‐expressing neurons – seem to be particularly vulnerable. The limited information available about the effects of HI in the hippocampus comes mainly from animal models and adult human studies. This article presents an immunohistochemical analysis of somatostatin (SOM) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression in the developing human hippocampus after perinatal HI. Two rostrocaudal sections of the body of the hippocampus were analysed, and the number of immunostained cells in the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) and the pyramidal cell layer and stratum oriens of the CA3, CA2 and CA1 fields of the hippocampus proper were quantified. The results showed a lower density of both neuropeptides in hypoxic compared to control cases. In the HI group, the number of SOM‐immunoreactive cell bodies was statistically significantly lower in the pyramidal cell layer and stratum oriens of CA1, while the number of NPY‐expressing neurons was statistically lower in the pyramidal cell layer of CA2. Besides, the number of SOM‐expressing neurons was significantly higher in the stratum oriens of CA1 compared to that in CA2. In sum, we observed a different vulnerability of SOM‐ and NPY‐containing neurons in the developing human hippocampus following perinatal HI damage. Our results could contribute to a better understanding of the behaviour of these neuronal populations under stressful conditions during the perinatal period.
The allusion to East Lynne, coloniality and inter‐cultural gender politics in the first Bengali science fiction story
Authors: Sarkar Abhishek 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article contextualises and analyses the allusion to the novel East Lynne (1861) occurring in the first science fiction short story published in the Bengali language. The story entitled Rahasya (‘Mystery’ or ‘Joke’; 1882) by Hemlal Dutta contains a passing and off‐hand reference to the character named Cornelia present in the Victorian novel. Miss Cornelia Carlyle, who is shown to be an authoritarian and irritable unmarried woman in East Lynne, is briefly mentioned to indicate that Miss Harvey in the Bengali story possesses similar characteristics. However, the Bengali story ignores many of the respectable facets of Cornelia in favour of a reductive, sexist stereotype, thus betraying a patriarchal sentiment that is shared between the colonising and the colonised cultures. Miss Harvey’s anger at the narrator’s comically misdirected message shows her to be alien to the homosocial bond shared between the Bengali narrator and his English friend Harvey in the contact zone of the imperial metropolis. The allusion to Cornelia shows the story’s awareness of the broad socio‐cultural matrix in which science and technology are embedded. This article records the sparse evidence of the once‐popular novel’s reception in colonial India to indicate how the Bengali story alludes to the novel as part of its cultural capital and for naturalising gender stereotypes across a cultural divide.
A division of labor between two biotin protein ligase homologs
Authors: Song Xuejiao , Henke Sarah K. , Cronan John E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGroup I biotin protein ligases (BPLs) catalyze the covalent attachment of biotin to its cognate acceptor proteins. In contrast, Group II BPLs have an additional N‐terminal DNA‐binding domain and function not only in biotinylation but also in transcriptional regulation of genes of biotin biosynthesis and transport. Most bacteria contain only a single biotin protein ligase, whereas Clostridium acetobutylicum contains two biotin protein ligase homologs: BplA and BirA′. Sequence alignments showed that BplA is a typical group I BPL, whereas BirA′ lacked the C‐terminal domain conserved throughout extant BPL proteins. This raised the questions of why two BPL homologs are needed and why the apparently defective BirA′ has been retained. We have used in vivo and in vitro assays to show that BplA is a functional BPL whereas BirA′ acts as a biotin sensor involved in transcriptional regulation of biotin transport. We also successfully converted BirA′ into a functional biotin protein ligase with regulatory activity by fusing it to the C‐terminal domain from BplA. Finally, we provide evidence that BplA and BirA′ interact in vivo.
The Activity of Reasoning: How Reasoning Can Constitute Epistemic Agency
Authors: Jenkins David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe naturally see ourselves as capable of being active with respect to the matter of what we believe – as capable of epistemic agency. A natural view is that we can exercise such agency by engaging in reasoning. Sceptics contend that such a view cannot be maintained in light of the fact that reasoning involves judgements, which are not decided upon or the products of prior intentions. In response, I argue that reasoning in fact can amount to epistemic agency in virtue of its being aim‐directed in a way that cannot be reconciled with the sceptics' conception of it.
Nonlinear spillover and portfolio allocation characteristics of energy equity sectors: Evidence from the United States and Canada
Authors: Arreola Hernandez Jose , Kang Sang Hoon , Yoon Seong‐Min 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe investigate the nonlinear spillover and portfolio allocation characteristics of the US and Canadian energy equity portfolios. Our empirical study based on directional spillover index and non‐convex portfolio optimization show that the spillover effects in the aggregate are smaller for the US portfolio across time. However, when only the largest spillover transmitters and receivers are considered, the total spillover effects are lower for the Canadian portfolio relative to the US portfolio. These portfolio optimization results indicate lower portfolio allocation risk for the Canadian energy equities during the global financial crisis of 2008 and for the full sample period.
An Electromagnetic Energy Harvester of Large-Scale Bistable Motion by Application of Stochastic Resonance
Authors: Zhao Wei , Zheng Rencheng , Yin Xiangran , Zhao Xilu , Nakano Kimihiko 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Vibrational energy harvesting has attracted considerable research attention for electrical power collection from ambient vibrations. Thereby, this study first developed an electromagnetic energy harvester of large-scale bistable motion by application of stochastic resonance, to enhance energy harvesting efficiency at a broadly low frequency. The electromagnetic energy harvester is fabricated by a magnet-coil generator and an oblique-supported spring-mass system. In the beginning, a weighting function is originally proposed considering mutual position relationship of the magnet and coil, and a motion equation and an electromagnetic induction equation are simultaneously established considering both elastic spring recovery force and electromagnetic induction Lorentz force. Subsequently, numerical analysis is processed to resolve the simultaneous equations to obtain systematic response displacement and the induced voltage, and the numerical solutions are accurately consistent with the measuring results in validation experiments. Furthermore, a damping coefficient is identified considering the mutual effectiveness of the damping forces from the normal friction and electromagnetic induction, and the influence of electromagnetic induction damping on systematic response displacement is carefully discussed. Eventually, experimental results clarified that the stochastic resonance phenomenon actually occurred as a large-scale bistable motion, and it is further validated that power generation efficiency can be noticeably enhanced following amplitude amplifications of systematic response displacement.
Prognostic nomogram for the severity of acute organophosphate insecticide self-poisoning: a retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Dong Ning , Wang Shaokun , Li Xingliang , Li Wei , Gao Nan , Pang Li , Xing Jihong 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo develop a convenient nomogram for the bedside evaluation of patients with acute organophosphorus poisoning (AOPP).DesignThis was a retrospective study.SettingTwo independent hospitals in northern China, the First Hospital of Jilin University and the Lequn Hospital of the First Hospital of Jilin University.ParticipantsA total of 1657 consecutive patients admitted for the deliberate oral intake of AOPP within 24 hours from exposure and aged >18 years were enrolled between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2018. The exclusion criteria were: normal range of plasma cholinesterase, exposure to any other type of poisonous drug(s), severe chronic comorbidities including symptomatic heart failure (New York Heart Association III or IV) or any other kidney, liver and pulmonary diseases. Eight hundred and thirty-four patients were included.Primary outcome measureThe existence of severely poisoned cases, defined as patients with any of the following complications: cardiac arrest, respiratory failure requiring ventilator support, hypotension or in-hospital death.Results440 patients from one hospital were included in the study to develop a nomogram of severe AOPP, whereas 394 patients from the other hospital were used for the validation. Associated risk factors were identified by multivariate logistic regression. The nomogram was validated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). A nomogram was developed with age, white cells, albumin, cholinesterase, blood pH and lactic acid levels. The AUC was 0.875 (95% CI 0.837 to 0.913) and 0.855 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.9) in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. The calibration plot for the probability of severe AOPP showed an optimal agreement between the prediction by nomogram and actual observation in both derivation and validation cohorts.ConclusionA convenient severity evaluation nomogram for patients with AOPP was developed, which could be used by physicians in making clinical decisions and predicting patients’ prognosis.
Could COVID-19 pandemic be stopped with joint efforts of travel restrictions and public health countermeasures? A modelling study
Authors: Kong Lingcai , Hu Yi , Wang Qiang , Chen Xinda , Yao Tong , Wang Yu , Jin Hui , Fan Lijun , Du Wei 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveWe aim to explore and compare the effect of global travel restrictions and public health countermeasures in response to COVID-19 outbreak.DesignA data-driven spatio-temporal modelling to simulate the spread of COVID-19 worldwide for 150 days since 1 January 2020 under different scenarios.SettingWorldwide.InterventionsTravel restrictions and public health countermeasures.Main outcomeThe cumulative number of COVID-19 cases.ResultsThe cumulative number of COVID-19 cases could reach more than 420 million around the world without any countermeasures taken. Under timely and intensive global interventions, 99.97% of infections could be avoided comparing with non-interventions. The scenario of carrying out domestic travel restriction and public health countermeasures in China only could contribute to a significant decrease of the cumulative number of infected cases worldwide. Without global travel restriction in the study setting, 98.62% of COVID-19 cases could be avoided by public health countermeasures in China only compared with non-interventions at all.ConclusionsPublic health countermeasures were generally more effective than travel restrictions in many countries, suggesting multinational collaborations in the public health communities in response to this novel global health challenge.