bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of corn processing and cattle size on total tract digestion and energy and nitrogen balance
Authors: Petzel Emily A , Acharya Subash , Zeltwanger Joshua M , Bailey Eric A , Brake Derek W 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study used 18 calves (295 ± 29 kg) and 18 yearlings (521 ± 29 kg) fed whole, cracked, or steam-flaked corn (SFC) to evaluate nutrient digestion and energy balance across different types of processed corn and sizes of cattle. Cattle were fed a diet comprised of 75% corn (dry matter [DM]-basis) from whole, cracked, or SFC to 2.5-times maintenance energy requirements. Subsequently, cattle were placed in individual stanchions, and urine and feces were collected together with measures of gas production via indirect calorimetry. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. There was no interaction between corn processing and cattle size (P ≥ 0.40). Time spent ruminating (min/d) and rumination rate (min/kg DM intake [DMI]) were not affected by corn processing or cattle size. The eating rate (min/kg DMI) was faster (P &lt; 0.01) for yearlings compared with calves. Total tract starch digestion was greatest (P = 0.01) for cattle fed SFC (97.5%), intermediate in cattle fed cracked (92.4%), and least in cattle fed whole corn (89.5%). Dietary digestible energy and metabolizable energy (Mcal/kg DMI) were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for cattle fed SFC compared with cracked or whole. A greater proportion of digestible energy was lost to heat production (P = 0.01) in cattle fed whole corn compared with cracked and tended to be greater (P = 0.08) in cattle fed SFC than cracked. Conversion of digestible energy to metabolizable energy in this study was more closely related to a dynamic model used to estimate metabolizable energy of feeds to dairy cows than to a linear model used to predict metabolizable energy of feeds to beef cattle. If library estimates of net energy for maintenance are correct, then retained energy (Mcal/d) should have been similar between each type of processed corn; however, retained energy was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for cattle fed cracked compared with whole corn and tended to be greater (P = 0.06) compared with SFC. Yet, observed amounts of net energy based on measures of retained energy were not different (P ≥ 0.60) between cracked and SFC. Nitrogen balance was not affected (P ≥ 0.30) by corn processing or cattle size, although cattle fed cracked had numerically greater (P ≤ 035) N retention. These data indicate that physical processing of corn provides greater net energy to cattle in comparison to whole corn.
Ectopic Implantation Salvage of the Left Thumb to Reconstruct the Right Thumb After Electrical Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Du Weili , Jiang Huihao , Cheng Lin , Zhang Ying , Qin Fengjun , Shen Yuming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The incidence rate of electrical injury has remained stable, while the absolute case number has increased. Amputations, erosions, occlusions, and delayed blood vessel rupture are the common complications. Ectopic implantation salvage has been performed widely in mechanical trauma patients, to preserve viable or possibly viable tissues and organ, without application in the electrical injury patients to the best of our knowledge. Here, we present a case report involving ectopic implantation salvage of the left thumb before contralateral transplantation to the right hand after high-voltage electrical injury. The patient’s left thumb remained viable despite necrosis of the left forearm at 3 weeks postinjury. After debridement, we implanted the left thumb to his thigh where it was anastomosed to the lateral circumflex femoral artery’s descending branch and great saphenous vein. We replanted the left thumb on the right hand with fixation 6 weeks later. The reassembled right hand remained well-circulated 11 months postreconstruction. We believe this case supports broadening the indication for ectopic implantation salvage surgeries to patients who sustain electrical injuries.
The Editors of Scientific Journals in Dentistry in Nazi Germany and after 1945: A Sociodemographic Study
Authors: Bergmann Cynthia , Westemeier Jens , Gross Dominik 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This socio-demographic study examines the effects of the Nazification of the professional press in the Third Reich using the example of the dental press organs. Three subgroups were examined: (1) dental editors who lost their positions after Hitler assumed power; (2) editors who were newly appointed or confirmed in their positions during the Third Reich; and (3) editors who were recruited for these positions in the post-war period.
The study was based on archival sources, contemporary registers, and dental journals from 1932-1949. These sources were supplemented by available secondary literature. A total of 34 editors were identified and their biographies reconstructed. Several of the editors appointed during the Nazi regime were able take up their positions again after 1945. Overall, the majority of editors appointed between 1945-1950 were former party members; in contrast, not a single Nazi victim was appointed to a position of this kind. We conclude in this article that denazification had no consequences for the specialist dental press. On the contrary, dentists who had benefited professionally from the Nazi regime during the Third Reich stood a good chance of furthering their careers after 1945.
Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Novel Trombiculid Mite Species in Northern Tamil Nadu, India: Use of Targeting the Multicopy traD Gene
Authors: Prakash John Antony Jude , Kamarasu Kannan , Samuel P Philip , Govindarajan Renu , Govindasamy Punitha , Johnson Liji Anna , Ramalingam P , Nirmalson J , Seran K C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi DNA in a trombiculid mite chigger species suggests that it might be a potential vector of scrub typhus in an endemic area. Over a period of 20 mo, 85 rats were trapped, 57 had chiggers that were identified by standard morphometric techniques. The chigger pools were assessed by performing PCR assays targeting fragments of the single-copy genes 56 kDa type-specific antigen gene (TSA56) by nested PCR and the 47 kDa (htrA) quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The novel traD SYBR green assay that detects a multicopy gene was also performed. In total, 27 chigger pools were positive by traD qPCR, of which only 7 were positive by 47 kDa qPCR and in 3 of these, 56 kDa gene was amplified by nested PCR. Orientia tsutsugamushi-specific DNA was detected in Ascoschoengastia spp., Schoengastiella ligula, Leptotrombidium rajasthanense, Leptotrombidium deliense, and Leptotrombidium jayawickremei chigger pools. Therefore, they could be potential vectors of scrub typhus in Southern India. The three 56 kDa sequences belonged to TA716 genotype and Kato genogroup. Further studies are needed to confirm these chigger species as scrub typhus vectors in Northern Tamil Nadu.
Investigating the lower extremity–related anaerobic exercise capacity and functional status in adult patients with familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Acar Merve Eylul , Bayraktar Deniz , Gucenmez Sercan , Sarac Devrim Can , Buker Nurullah , Kocak Umut Ziya , Solmaz Dilek , Akar Servet 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
No studies examined the lower extremity–related anaerobic exercise capacity or functional status in adult patients with FMF.

Methods
Twenty-four patients with FMF (12 males) and 24 age–sex-matched healthy controls (13 males) were included in the study. Lower extremity–related anaerobic exercise capacity was assessed by using Wingate Anaerobic Test. Lower extremity–related functional status was examined by using 9-Step Stair Climb Test, 10-Repetition Chair Stand Test, and Six-Minute Walking Distance. Muscle strength of hip flexors, hip extensors, knee flexors, and knee extensors were evaluated by using a hand-held dynamometer.

Results
Patients with FMF had significantly poorer results in all anaerobic exercise capacity parameters and functional status assessments (P &lt; 0.05), except muscle strength measurements (P &gt; 0.05). Both average and peak anaerobic exercise capacities correlated significantly with all muscle strength measurements, 9-Step Stair Climb Test, 10-Repetition Chair Stand Test times, and Six-Minute Walk Distances (P &lt; 0.05) in patients with FMF.

Conclusion
Lower extremity–related anaerobic exercise capacity and functional status seem to be diminished in adult patients with FMF. Evaluating these parameters may be beneficial for planning more appropriate and individualized treatment regimens such as patient education and exercise counselling for patients with FMF.
Audiological involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Turan Kubra , Yayla Mucteba Enes , Arslan Murat , Tokgoz Yilmaz Suna , Okatan Ercan , Turgay Murat , Meco Cem 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The aim of the present study was to evaluate hearing loss in patients diagnosed with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to investigate the relation between hearing loss, subtypes of the disease, its duration and clinical findings, and antibody positivity.

Methods
The study included 47 patients with SSc and 44 healthy controls. Audiometric, tympanometric, and otoacoustic emission measurements were applied to both groups.

Results
The evaluation of the participants medical history showed that among the patients with SSc, 19.1% experienced ear fullness, 27.7% experienced vertigo, and 36.2% experienced tinnitus. Hearing loss was detected in 23.4% of the patients with SSc. The corresponding result was 4.3% in the control group with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001). Transient-evoked otoacoustic emission amplitude values were significantly lower in the patients’ both ears with SSc than the control group (p &lt; 0.005). Duration of disease was significantly longer, and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide values were significantly higher in the patients with SSc and sensorineural hearing loss.

Conclusions
The present study found that the incidence of hearing loss was significantly higher in the study group than in the healthy control group. In addition to other organ involvements, cochlear involvement occurs in these patients, and further studies are required.
Mitochondrial Fission Complex Is Required for Long-Term Heat Tolerance of Arabidopsis
Authors: Tsukimoto Ryo , Isono Kazuho , Kajino Takuma , Iuchi Satoshi , Shinozawa Akihisa , Yotsui Izumi , Sakata Yoichi , Taji Teruaki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlants are often exposed not only to short-term (S) heat stress but also to long-term (L) heat stress over several consecutive days. A few Arabidopsis mutants defective in L-heat tolerance have been identified, but the molecular mechanisms involved are less well understood than those involved in S-heat tolerance. To elucidate the mechanisms, we isolated the new sensitive to long-term heat5 (sloh5) mutant from EMS-mutagenized seeds of L-heat-tolerant Col-0. The sloh5 mutant was hypersensitive to L-heat but not to S-heat, osmo-shock, salt-shock or oxidative stress. The causal gene, SLOH5, is identical to elongatedmitochondria1 (ELM1), which plays an important role in mitochondrial fission in conjunction with dynamin-related proteins DRP3A and DRP3B. Transcript levels of ELM1, DRP3A and DRP3B were time-dependently increased by L-heat stress, and drp3a drp3b double mutants were hypersensitive to L-heat stress. The sloh5 mutant contained massively elongated mitochondria. L-heat stress caused mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in sloh5. Furthermore, WT plants treated with a mitochondrial myosin ATPase inhibitor were hypersensitive to L-heat stress. These findings suggest that mitochondrial fission and function are important in L-heat tolerance of Arabidopsis.
Detecting Fibered Strongly Quasi-Positive Links
Authors: Cavallo Alberto 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We prove that an n-component fibered link L in S3 is strongly quasi-positive if and only if $\tau(L)=g_3(L)+n-1$, where $g_3(L)$ denotes the Seifert genus and τ is the Ozsváth–Szabó concordance invariant. We also provide a table which contains a list of some fibered prime links with at most 9 crossings; and we explicitly determine the ones that are strongly quasi-positive and their maximal self-linking number.
Opportunities for theory-informed decision science in cancer control
Authors: Gillman Arielle S , Ferrer Rebecca A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCancer prevention and control involves navigation of complex clinical decisions, often laden with uncertainty and/or intricate interpersonal dynamics, which have implications for both physical health and quality of life. Cancer decision-making research in recent decades has primarily focused on working to improve the quality of decisions by providing patients with detailed information about their choices and through an increased emphasis in medicine on the importance of shared decision making. This emphasis is reflective of a model of decision making that emphasizes knowledge, options, and deliberative synthesis of information as primary to decision making; yet, decades of research in psychology, decision science, and behavioral economics have taught us that our decisions are not influenced only by our objective knowledge of facts, but by our emotions, by the influence of others, and by biased cognitive processes. We present a conceptual framework for a future of research in decision science and cancer that is informed by decision science theories. Our framework incorporates greater recognition of the interpersonal dynamics of shared decision making, including the biases (including cognitive heuristics and race-based bias) that may affect multiple actors in the decision-making process, and emphasizes study of the interaction between deliberative and affective psychological processes as they relate to decision making. This work should be conducted with an eye toward informing efforts to improve decision making across the cancer care continuum, through interventions that are also informed by theory.
Cellular and Molecular Pathways Underlying the Nephrotoxicity of Gadolinium
Authors: Reis Sousa Nícia , Rocha Susana , Santos-Silva Alice , Coimbra Susana , Valente Maria João 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mounting evidence on the short- and long-term adverse effects associated with gadolinium [Gd (III)]-based contrast agents used in magnetic resonance imaging have emerged in the past 3 decades. Safety issues arise from the release of Gd (III) from chelates and its deposition in tissues, which is exacerbated in patients with renal disease, because the kidney is the major excretion organ of most of these agents. This study aimed at unveiling the cellular and molecular mechanisms of nephrotoxicity of Gd (III), using an in vitro model of human proximal tubular cells (HK-2 cell line). Cell viability declined in a concentration- and time-dependent manner after exposure to GdCl3·6H2O. The estimated inhibitory concentrations (ICs) eliciting 1%–50% of cell death, after 24 h of exposure, ranged from 3.4 to 340.5 µM. At toxic concentrations, exposure to Gd (III) led to disruption of the oxidative status, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell death by apoptosis, switching to necrosis at higher levels, and autophagic activation. Disturbance of the lipid metabolism was already observed at low-toxicity ICs, with accumulation of lipid droplets, and upregulation of genes related to both lipogenesis and lipolysis. Gd (III)-exposure, even at the subtoxic IC01, increased the expression of modulators of various signaling pathways involved in the development and progression of renal disease, including inflammation, hypoxia, and fibrosis. Our results give new insights into the mechanisms underlying the nephrotoxic potential of Gd (III) and highlight the need to further clarify the risks versus benefits of the Gd (III)-based contrast agents currently in use.
Reappraisal and new material of the holotype ofDraconyx loureiroi(Ornithischia: Iguanodontia) provide insights on thetempoandmodoof evolution of thumb-spiked dinosaurs
Authors: Rotatori Filippo Maria , Moreno-Azanza Miguel , Mateus Octávio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Upper Jurassic Lourinhã Formation is well known for its rich assemblage of fossil vertebrates. In this formation, ornithopod dinosaurs are represented by two iguanodontian species, Eousdryosaurus nanohallucis and Draconyx loureiroi. We recently became aware of unreported material belonging to the holotype of Draconyx loureiroi, consisting of partially articulated manual elements. We here re-describe the holotype specimen ML 357, including the newly discovered material. The specimen was subjected to CT-scanning and its surface data used to assess anatomical characters. Linear measurements of metatarsal III were used to estimate the body length of the specimen. The Draconyx loureiroi holotype was included in two datasets and analysed with maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference approaches to estimate evolutionary rates among Iguanodontia. We present evidence that Draconyx loureiroi is a valid taxon nested in Styracosterna and is clearly diagnosable by a unique combination of characters. Both maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference indicate high evolutionary rates across the Jurassic/Cretaceous transition for the base of Iguanodontia. Length estimation suggests that Draconyx loureiroi was a relatively small, bipedal and possibly cursorial animal. Given its basal phyletic position, we interpret this bauplan was the ancestral condition for Styracosterna, that only later in the Cretaceous evolved into giant quadrupedal forms.
A Review of Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment and Prophylaxis in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Agrawal Nikhil A. , Hillier Kirsty , Kumar Riten , Izaddoost Shayan A. , Rohrich Rod J. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Venous thromboembolism is a significant cause of postoperative death and morbidity. While prophylactic and treatment regimens exist, they usually come with some risk of clinically relevant bleeding and, thus, must be considered carefully for each individual patient.

Methods:
This special topic article represents a review of current evidence regarding venous thromboembolism risk, biology, and prevention in plastic surgery patients. The specific types and duration of available prophylaxis are also reviewed. The balance of venous thromboembolism risk must be weighed against the risk of hemorrhage.

Results:
Though alternatives exist, the most validated risk assessment tool is the 2005 modification of the Caprini Risk Assessment Model. Controversies remain regarding recommendations for outpatient and low risk cosmetic patients. The authors additionally make recommendations for high-risk patients regarding the use of tranexamic acid, estrogen therapy, anesthesia, and prophylaxis regimens.

Conclusion:
Our profession has made great strides in understanding the science behind venous thromboembolism, risk stratification for patients, and prophylactic regimens; yet, continued studies and definitive data are needed.
Impact of Donepezil and Memantine on Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Alzheimer Disease: Six-month Open-label Study
Authors: Bago Rožanković Petra , Rožanković Marjan , Badžak Jasna , Stojić Maristela , Šušak Sporiš Ivana 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common in individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD). Donepezil and memantine are both widely used for the treatment of moderate AD.

Objective:
To evaluate the effects of donepezil and memantine in relieving BPSD in individuals with moderate AD.

Method:
We conducted a prospective, randomized, 6-month clinical trial involving 85 individuals with moderate AD divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 42) was treated with donepezil; group 2 (n = 43) was treated with memantine. We used the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) to assess the prevalence and severity of BPSD at baseline and after 6 months of treatment with donepezil or memantine.

Results:
The two groups’ baseline characteristics, including age, sex, mean length of education, and disease duration, were comparable, as were their baseline Mini-Mental State Examination scores. The NPI Total score improved from baseline to month 6 in both groups (P < 0.0001). Analyses of the NPI subdomains revealed that both donepezil treatment and memantine treatment produced statistically significant improvement in all of the NPI domains except euphoria and apathy, for which no improvement was observed after memantine treatment. Both treatments were well tolerated, with mostly mild and transient adverse effects.

Conclusion:
Specific drugs for AD, including donepezil and memantine, may be effective in treating BPSD in individuals with moderate AD, with a favorable safety profile.
Saccade dynamics in the recovery phase of abducens nerve palsy
Authors: Kemanetzoglou E , Chatzistefanou KI , Smyrnis N , Kararizou E , Anagnostou E 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONDespite the fact that abducens nerve palsy (ANP) is the most common ocular motor palsy, the literature on the respective saccade dynamics, both in the paretic (PE) and non-paretic eye (nPE), is scarce.AIMS AND METHODOLOGYThe aim of this study was to examine the maximum velocity, duration and accuracy of horizontal saccades, in individuals with unilateral ANP, and to compare them with normal controls. Binocular horizontal eye movements were recorded at 5°, 10° and 15°, using an infrared corneal reflection device from 21 adults with microvascular unilateral ANP during the acute and the chronic phase of the palsy, as well as 18 healthy adults. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical comparisons.RESULTSThe PE, when compared to the nPE, presents a slightly lower saccadic amplitude and velocity/amplitude ratio and a higher duration/amplitude ratio. The nPE, compared to the healthy eye (HE) of the control group, showed consistently amplitude gain >1 while the velocity/amplitude ratio did not differ in either session. The duration/amplitude ratio tended to be higher in the nPE. The prism dioptres of the PE did not appear to correlate with any parameter tested (amplitude gain, velocity/amplitude ratio, duration/amplitude ratio) of the open nPE, but the amplitude ratio was statistically lower during the first session when the nPE was kept covered and the duration/amplitude ratio decreased significantly.CONCLUSIONSOne of the main findings of the study is the increase in saccade duration during adaptation of ANP. Specifically, the nPE performed orthometric saccades with a longer duration than healthy controls. Given that the motor command reaches the ocular muscles by neural discharges with a “pulse-step” pattern, any adaptation reflects in a change of this pattern. Cerebellar learning leads to an increase in the pulse width of the neural discharge. This idiosyncratic response may be related to plastic changes in central structures that serve learning processes such as the cerebellum. Further research could provide more insight into the cerebellar plastic processes involved in the saccadic adaptation.