bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Seed Size Mediated by Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba Big SEEDS LIKE Silencing Is Positively Co-related to Galactomannan Content, Phytochemical Biosynthesis and Anti-diabetic Potential of Guar
Authors: Thakur Omika , Prasad Ramasare 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In higher plants, seed size is an important agronomic trait that determines the crop yield and evolutionary fitness. Guar is an economically important legume crop because of the presence of galactomannan in its seed endosperm which is used as a stabilizer and thickener in pharmaceutical, paper, cosmetic and textile industries. The current study demonstrate the role of CtBSL, in regulation of seed size, weight and galactomannan content in two independent BSL12-25-15-31-3 and BSL70-21-25-4-16 T4 transgenic lines of guar, via. pCMKCtBSL mediated post transcriptional CtBSL silencing approach. The upregulation of CtCYCA2;4, CtCYCD3;2, CtCDKE-1, CtCYCT1;5, CtH2A, CtH2B, CtH3, CtH4, CtERF, CtWRKY43, CtGRF5 and CtGIF1 genes in transgenic lines of guar contributed to enhanced cell proliferation and final seed size which was further strongly and positively correlated to phytochemical biosynthesis and their anti-diabetic, anti-AGEs and lipase inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase, α-amylase, AGEs and lipase enzymes, respectively. Therefore, here we conclude the potential role of CtBSL silencing in improving the crop yield and therapeutic treatment of diabetes and obesity by positive regulation of seed size and phytochemical biosynthesis, respectively, in guar.
A new tool to simulate ground shaking and earthquake losses
Authors: Hidalgo Fernando López , Navarro Manuel , Molina Sergio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The main purpose of SISMOTOOL suite is Planning and Management of Seismic Emergencies face to a future earthquake. This tool is written in ARCGIS software executing a fast and efficient determination of the estimated damage scenarios (pre-process) and a correlation with the observed damage results (post-process).
First of all, the tool allows to select the earthquake source parameters through a defined database; moreover, several attenuation laws can be chosen and they can be combined according to the study area features. In addition, the local site effects are characterized from Vs30 values, which have been achieved by: i) topographic slope as a proxy obtained from Digital Elevation Model; ii) considering Vs30 values acquired from active and/or passive empirical methods; iii) a combination of both procedures through empirical local correlation laws. In the second place, the elements exposed to risk are incorporated by an automatic extraction from the cadastral database after inputs has been refined. Thirdly, vulnerability and estimated losses can be determined either empirically (EMS98 scale and Vulnerability Index, Iv) or analytically (Capacity spectrum). Additionally, a vulnerability modifier is implemented to account soil-structure resonance. Finally, SISMOTOOL quantifies the epistemic uncertainties in the input parameters using a logic tree.
Last, but not least, SISMOTOOL results have been validated through a representative seismic scenario: the 1910 Adra earthquake (southern Spain) with moment magnitude (Mw) 6.3 and macroseismic intensity VIII (EMS98 scale) proves the reliability of SISMOTOOL program.
The Pre-Diabetes Interventions and Continued Tracking to Ease-out Diabetes (Pre-DICTED) Program: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yeung Kar-Fu , Gandhi Mihir , Lam Amanda Yun Rui , Julianty Selly , Chia Alvin Yeow Meng , Tan Gilbert Choon Seng , Goh Su-Yen , Ho Emily Tse Lin , Koh Angela Fang Yung , Tan Gavin Siew Wei , Shum Eugene Jin Wen , Finkelstein Eric A. , Jafar Tazeen H. , Teoh Yee Leong , Dam Rob M. van , Whitton Clare , Bee Yong Mong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCommunity-based diabetes prevention programs varied widely in effectiveness, and the intervention strategy consisting of lifestyle interventions, stepwise addition of metformin and financial incentives has not been studied in real-world clinical practice settings. The Pre-Diabetes Interventions and Continued Tracking to Ease-out Diabetes (Pre-DICTED) trial is a pragmatic trial that aims to compare the effectiveness of a community-based stepwise diabetes prevention program with added financial incentives (intervention) versus the standard of care (control) in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes over 3 years among overweight or obese individuals with pre-diabetes. MethodsThis is an open-label, 1:1 randomized controlled trial which aims to recruit 846 adult individuals with isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or both IFG and IGT from Singapore. Intervention arm participants attend 12 group-based sessions (2 nutrition workshops, 9 exercise sessions and a goal-setting workshop) delivered at community sites (weeks 1 to 6), receive weekly physical activity and nutrition recommendations delivered by printed worksheets (weeks 7 to 12), and receive monthly health tips delivered by text messages (months 4 to 36). From month 6 onwards, intervention arm participants who remain at the highest risk of conversion to diabetes are prescribed metformin. Intervention arm participants are also eligible for a payment/rewards program with incentives tied to attendance at the group sessions and achievement of the weight loss target (5% of baseline weight). All participants are assessed at baseline, month 3, month 6, and every 6 months subsequently till month 36. The primary endpoint is the proportion of participants with diabetes at 3 years. Secondary endpoints include the mean change from baseline at 3 years in fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour plasma glucose, HbA1c, body weight, body mass index, physical activity and dietary intake. DiscussionThe Pre-DICTED trial will provide evidence of the effectiveness and feasibility of a community-based stepwise diabetes prevention program with added financial incentives for individuals with pre-diabetes in Singapore. The study will provide data for a future cost-effectiveness analysis, which will be used to inform policymakers of the value of a nationwide implementation of the diabetes prevention program.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03503942; April 20, 2018 retrospectively registered; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03503942Protocol version: 5.0 Date: 1 March 2019
Antigen Similarity In Hydatid Cyst Wall And Human Bone Tumours: A Short Report
Authors: Hajizadeh Maryam , Amni Fariba , Sahlolbei Maryam , Tavakoli-yaraki Masoumeh , Mamaghani Amirreza Javadi , Sefiddashti Raheleh Rafiei , Rezaee Hanieh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: less studies have been done on bone cancers which are complex despite lower incidance. Hydatidosis is a parasitic disease that may influence host immunity by mimicking cancer cells antigens. So, this study aimed to elavuate the similarity of the immunogenic antigens between hydatid cyst and different bone cancers.Method: Cyst wall of hydatid cysts were collected and their antigens were separated with SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Serum samples obtained from patients with bone cancers and the anitigenicity of isolated anitgens were evaluated inwith E. granulosus( Larval form )infection and healthy individuals using western-blot approaches. Results: The crude extract of the laminated layer showed two specific antigens, 53 KDa and 70 KDa, after stainging the membrane with Coomassie blue. Both antigens reacted with the serum of different bone cancers but only the 53 KDa band reacted with all sera.Conclusion: It seems people with bone tumours may have extra antibodies in their serum comparing to healthy and hydatidosis which may be an autoantibodies; and the presence of this antibody against 70 KDa band protein in sera of patients with various types of bone cancers, may be helpful in diagnostic test or designing of preventive approaches in future.
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Circulating Around Central Ethiopia
Authors: Muchie Bisratgebriel Tesfaye , Wubshet Ashenafi Kiros , Haile Aklilu Feleke , Deyo Hayelom Michael , Tarasiuk Kazimierz , Pejsak Zygmunt , Jie Zhang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Foot and mount disease (FMD) is a highly contagious, economically and politically significant transboundary animal disease which specifically affects all cloven-hoofed animals; cattle, pig, goat, sheep and many wild artiodactyls. Five of the seven (O, A, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3 and Asia 1) serotypes of FMD virus (O, A, C, SAT1, SAT2) are endemic in Ethiopia; however, limited information on the current FMDV status and the circulating serotype is available in the country. Therefore, this study was conduct to isolate and molecularly identify the FMD viruses using a panel of virological detection assays. Methods: An outbreak-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa and Bishoftu during 2013 and 2014 to isolate and to molecularly identify the circulating serotype of FMDV. A total of 20 samples were collected from clinically infected cattle and pigs during the outbreak and virus isolation and molecular serotype identification was carried out at the National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Bishoftu Ethiopia. Cells were monitored for cytopathic effects (CPE) daily and frozen when CPE were developed. Serotyping of FMD viruses were made by applying classical PCR from cell cultures showing CPE.Results: All tested samples showed cytopathic effect (CPE) on BHK-21 cell culture and serotype O was identified using PCR. The DNA bands were visualized to the expected sizes.Conclusions: Based on these result, a continuous understanding of the molecular epidemiology of the disease along with the proper vaccination matching for the circulating serotype; O is critical for implementation effective control and prevention programs eventually for the eradication of the disease.
Community Structure and Phenology of the Intermittent Treed Swamps of the Paroo, Semi-Arid Inland NSW, Australia.
Authors: Timms Brian Viictor 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The middle Paroo lowlands in semi-arid western New South Wales support numerous intermittent wetlands of various types. Differences between them are promoted by three ecological drivers: salinity, turbidity and hydroperiod. Community structure and phenology of the two most common types, saline lakes and claypans, and also creek pools are known, but similar ecologies are lacking for the third most common wetland, the treed swamps. These are of six subtypes distinguished by dominant tree species, geomorphology and hydroperiod, all with similar community structure and phenology, but with differing diversities. Summed diversity is not as high as in local creek pools, the shorter hydroperiods and simpler geomorphology of the treed swamps being restrictive so that there is almost no replacement of species during the early dominance of branchiopods and later of insects. Such treed swamps are uncommon in the semi-arid zone, but much more speciose treed swamps are known under similar and seasonally dry Mediterranean climes of the Western Australian Wheatbelt where hydroperiods more stable.
Occurrence and Risk of Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Multiple Urban Water of Beijing, China
Authors: Cui Weihua , Lu Shaoyong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Investigating the organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) concentration and attenuation in multiple water of Beijing would provide valuable insight into OPFR management and reduction, thus, 6 OPFRs were determined by solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to explore the pollution characteristics, and ecological risk of OPFRs. The results showed that 5 OPFRs were detected with a concentration ranging from ND to 394.77 ng/L except for tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (PDBP). The chloroalkyl phosphate was the main compound and tris(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the most abundant OPFRs with the highest concentration. The concentration of OPFRs in surface water was higher than that in groundwater, and the concentration of chlorinated OPFRs in effluent from sewage treatment plants (STPs) was higher than that in influent. Ecological risk assessment showed that low risk of OPFRs for the organisms (algae, crustacean and fish).
Up-Regulation of VCAN Promotes the Proliferation, Invasion and Migration of HCC and Serves as a Biomarker
Authors: Guangshun Sun , Zheng Wubin , Li Lan , Wu Liangliang , Sun Guoqiang , Li Xiao , Tang Weiwei , Ma Shijie , Liu Li , Hongyong Cao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the world's most common cause of cancer death. Therefore, more molecular mechanisms need to be clarified to meet the urgent need to develop new detection and treatment strategies. We selected three liver cancer transcriptome database GSE124535, GSE136247, GSE144269, and analyze the overexpressed genes contained in them. The overlapping genes were found by Venn map, and two interacting networks module, were found by Mcode. Module1 is mainly related to mitosis and cell cycle, and module2 is mainly related to EMT, angiogenesis, glycolysis and so on. We found that the seed gene in module2 is VCAN. The purpose of this study is to study the expression characteristics of VCAN gene in HCC, and to explore its role in the occurrence and development of HCC and its possible mechanism. Data from TCGAportal shows that compared with normal tissues, the expression of VCAN is up-regulated in HCC tissues. The patients with high expression of VCAN had shorter distant recurrence-free survival and overall survival. The effects of VCAN expression on cell proliferation, invasion and migration were evaluated in vitro by using gene knockout and overexpression strategies. Multiple possible VCAN interactions have also been identified. These result reveal that the level of VCAN is higher in the subtypes of HCC with higher malignant degree and is connected to the poor prognosis. In addition, the treatment of VCAN with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and transcription factor inhibitors may improve prognosis of patients with liver cancer.
Brain Metastases in Lung Cancer Patients: Clinical Potential Risk Factors of CYFRA21-1 and CEA
Authors: Tang Jing , Sun Tie , Ge Qian-Min , Liang Rong-Bin , Su Ting , Shu Hui-Ye , Pan Yi-Cong , Zhang Li-Juan , Li Qiu-Yu , Shao Yi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

At present, little is known about the specific risk factors of brain metastasis in patients with lung cancer. This study aims to explore the risk factors of brain metastasis.
Methods

From April 1999 to July 2017, a total of 1,615 lung cancer patients were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into two groups, namely brain metastasis group and non-brain metastasis group. Student's t test, non-parametric rank sum test and chi-square test were used to describe whether there is a significant difference between the two groups. We compared the serum biomarkers of the two groups of patients, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Calcium, calcium hemoglobin (HB), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), cancer embryonic antigen (CEA), CA-125, CA-199, CA- 153, CA-724, cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21 − 1), total prostate specific antigen (TPSA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) ,and neuron specific enolase (NSE). Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine its risk factors, and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate its diagnostic value for brain metastases in patients with lung cancer.
Results

In the analysis of brain metastases in patients with lung cancer, binary logistic regression analysis showed that CYFRA21-1 and CEA are independent risk factors for brain metastases in patients with lung cancer (both P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing brain metastasis were CYFRA21-1, 38.0% and 87.4%, respectively; CEA was 39.7% and 79.3%, respectively.
Conclusion

Serum CYFRA21-1 and CEA have predictive value in the diagnosis of brain metastases in patients with lung cancer.
Understanding The Structure And Composition of Recalcitrant Oligosaccharides In Ammonia Treated Lignocellulosic Biomass Hydrolysate Using High-Throughput Biotin- Based Glycome Profiling And Mass Spectrometry.
Authors: Xue Saisi , Pattathil Sivakumar , Sousa Leonardo Costa , Ubanwa Bryan , Dale Bruce , Jones A. Daniel , Balan Venkatesh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Novel Immunological and Mass Spectrometry Methods for Comprehensive Analysis of Recalcitrant Oligosaccharides in AFEX Pretreated Corn Stover Lignocellulosic biomass is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuel and is extensively used for developing bio-based technologies to produce products such as food, feed, fuel, and chemicals. The key to these technologies is to develop cost competitive processes to convert complex carbohydrates present in plant cell wall to simple sugars such as glucose, xylose and arabinose. Since lignocellulosic biomass is highly recalcitrant, it must undergo a combination of thermochemical treatment such as Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX), dilute acid (DA), Ionic Liquid (IL) and biological treatment such as enzyme hydrolysis and microbial fermentation to produce desired products. However, when using commercial fungal enzymes during hydrolysis, only 75-85% of the soluble sugars generated are monomeric sugars, while the remaining 15-25% are soluble recalcitrant oligosaccharides that cannot be easily utilized by microorganisms. Previously, we successfully separated and purified the soluble recalcitrant oligosaccharides using a combination of charcoal and celite-based separation followed by size exclusion chromatography and studies their inhibitory properties on enzymes. We discovered that the oligosaccharides with higher degree of polymerization (DP) containing methylated uronic acid substitutions were more recalcitrant towards commercial enzyme mixtures than lower DP and neutral oligosaccharides. Here, we report the use of several complementary techniques that include glycome profiling using plant biomass glycan specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to characterize sugar linkages in plant cell walls and enzymatic hydrolysate, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) using structurally-informative diagnostic peaks offered by negative ion post-secondary decay spectra, gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to characterize oligosaccharide sugar linkages with and without derivatization. Since oligosaccharides (DP 4-20) are small, it is challenging to immobilize these molecules for mAbs binding and characterization. To overcome this problem, we have developed a new biotin-coupling based oligosaccharide immobilization method that successfully tagged most of the low DP soluble oligosaccharides on to a micro-plate surface followed by specific linkage analysis using mAbs in a high-throughput system. This new approach will help develop more advanced versions of future high throughput glycome profiling methods that can be used to separate and characterize oligosaccharides present in biomarkers for diagnostic applications.
Control of Chloride Ion Corrosion by MgAlO x /MgAlFeO x in the Process of Chloride Deicing
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Zhu Qi , Xing Zipeng , Fang Lei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The corrosion inhibitor that is added to chloride deicing salt, whose anti-corrosion and low pollution is great significance. LDHs, calcined at high temperature were used as adsorbents to remove various anionic contaminants and it could reduce the solution's freezing point after adsorbing anions. Therefore, this paper reports the use of calcined LDHs as corrosion inhibitors in deicing salts. We analyzed that the removal ability of chloride ion MgAlFeOx was stronger than that of MgAlOx, reaching 85.50%, and the freezing point was lower than that of MgAlOx, the value was -12.0 °C. At the same time, we also found that CaCl2-MgAlOx and CaCl2-MgAlFeOx significantly reduce the corrosion of carbon steel and concrete compared with chloride salts, and CaCl2-MgAlFeOx has the lowest corrosion degree. Hence, we determined that MgAlFeOx was corrosion inhibitor in chloride deicing salt. The metal molar ratio, synthesis temperature and calcination temperature for preparation of MgAl/MgAlFe-LDHs were determined by XRD and TG-DSC analysis that are 9/2/1, 120 ºC and 500 ºC, respectively. The characteristics of MgAlFeOx after Fe3+ addition were studied in detail by Zeta, XRD, XPS, BET and SEM. The mechanism of corrosion inhibitor’s anticorrosion was determined, which was achieved by adsorption and neutralization.
A simple and efficient method for isomorphism identification of planar kinematic chains
Authors: Yu Luchuan , Cai Chenxu , Zhang Jianhua , Zhang Qinhe 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Isomorphism identification plays an important role in structural design and innovative design. Based on the adjacency matrix and loop theory, a new method is proposed in this paper to identify the isomorphic kinematic chains. It enriches the application of loop-based theory for isomorphism identification. In the kinematic chain, links and joints are connected alternatively and every link corresponds to a fixed link degree. Due to the inherent characteristics, the labeled sequence of links can be random, which does not affect the result of isomorphism identification. By the programming software MATLAB, some examples with 6-, 8-, 10-, 11-, 12-link kinematic chains, and 15-vertex topological graphs are presented. Results show that the proposed method applies to topology graphs and kinematic chains with one or multiple joints. Compared with other methods, the proposed method is confirmed correctly. And there is no counterexample. It lays a solid foundation for structural synthesis in the future.
Nitrogen Attenuated Zinc-Mediated Promotion of Rice Tillering Under Low Temperature via Regulating Auxin and Cytokinin Balance
Authors: Liu Zhilei , Su Jinkai , Meng Jingrou , Song Jiamei , Zhang Haonan , Li Pengfei , Sun Yankun , Yu Cailian , Peng Xianlong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and aims

Zinc (Zn) can improve rice resistance to abiotic stress and participate in IAA synthesis. The absorption of Zn is closely related to nitrogen (N) nutrition. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which Zn regulates rice low-temperature resistance and tillering recovery after low-temperature under different N levels.
Methods

Water culture experiment was conducted with two temperatures (22°C and 12°C), two N levels (1.43 mM and 2.86 mM NH4NO3), and three Zn levels (0.08 µM, 0.15 µM and 0.30 µM ZnSO4·7H2O).
Results

Low-temperature decreased rice tillering, which was further exacerbated at high N levels. Increasing Zn application could improve rice low-temperature resistance under normal N levels, enhance nutrient absorption, improve tiller bud cytokinin (CTK) concentration and CTK/IAA ratio, finally accelerate tillering recovery one week before normal Zn treatment. High N attenuated the contribution of Zn under low temperature, but moderate Zn was beneficial to tillering recovery by regulating the balance of tiller bud IAA and CTK concentration, and IAA transport.
Conclusions

Increasing Zn application improved rice tolerance to low-temperature stress and promoted tillering recovery, which was aggravated under high N levels. However, appropriate Zn application under high N level was conducive to breaking tiller dormancy and promoting tillering growth spurts when recovering to a normal temperature, which was related to the hormone balance and nutrient absorption synergistic regulation by N and Zn.