bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antecedents And Consequences of Adopting CLTS Among Tribal Communities To Become Open Defecation Free: Case Study On Indian Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
Authors: Adlakha Amit , Pathak Paritosh , Kumar Anup , Pandey Prashant 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Swachh Bharat Mission undertaken by the Government of India (GoI) has been successful in accomplishing this objective within a short period thereby catalyzing governance following Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is the responsibility of any democratic nation to ensure that its citizens have universal access to adequate and equitable sanitation. The key approach adopted by the Government of India in this regard was Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS), also termed as Community Approach to Total Sanitation (CATS). An effort has been made in the study to affirm that even the marginalized sections of the society residing in tribal communities of West Bengal and Chhattisgarh have benefitted from this Government of India Mission and derived the required benefits. There is enough literature available to support the justification that civil participation holds the key for successful implementation of CLTS thereby making the communities Open Defecation Free (ODF). It is therefore imperative to understand the behavioural transformation that takes place during the CLTS Implementation. A hybrid model has been proposed in the study making use of the Theory of Reseasoned Action (TRA) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to understand the pre-adoption and post-adoption behavior of residents. Field surveys were conducted in tribal communities residing in the Dantewada District of Chhattisgarh and Malda District of West Bengal. Questionnaires’ were designed in native languages to solicit unrestrained feedback from the respondents. The model was empirically tested for several hypotheses. The findings of the study indicate that Subjective Norms (SN) prevalent in the society and Facilitating Conditions (FC) are the major determinants that ensure the Continuation of Intention for CLTS. They play a pivotal role in improving the health and hygiene conditions in the region and thus decrease the risk of spread of epidemic diseases.
Identification of Novel ADGRV1 and KCNC2 Variants Using Whole-Exome Sequencing in Two Colombian Patients with Usher and Encephalopathy Syndromes
Authors: Candelo Estephania , Diaz-Ordoñez Lorena , Pacheco Rafael , Ruiz Emelina , Pachajoa Harry 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Usher syndrome has a broad phenotypic and genotypic spectrum. Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-52 (DEE52) is a sever autosomal recessive seizure disorder that is characterized by infantile onset of refractory seizures, consequently resulting in delayed global development. This study aimed to describe the clinical features and to investigate the four variants identified in a Colombian family with Usher syndrome and KCNC2 encephalopathy syndrome.Methods and Results: We present a case of a family with two clinically relevant phenotypes: a mother with a compound heterozygous mutation causing Usher Syndrome, type IIC (USH2C) and her 15-year-old son who carried one heterozygous variant in the KCNC2 gene (p.P470S) and two cis mutations (p.V2927I and p.Q4955EfsTer10) in the ADGRV1 gene segregated from his mother, and a second non-disrupted allele. Owing to this, the boy did not present with USH2C but presented a developmental epilepsy syndrome. His younger sibling was unaffected, although he did inherit the trans mutation in a single pathogenic allele from his mother.Discussion and Conclusion: Whole-exome sequencing helps detect genes related to known and novel hearing loss and seizure syndrome. However, familiar segregation studies are an excellent method to clarify genotype-phenotype correlation in families, where multiple genes of clinically relevant have been identified. This method helps determine the genotype-phenotype relationship of a disease, which is associated with the clinical presentation and determines the pathogenicity of variants that are classified as variants of uncertain clinical significance.
Surgical Repair for Left Coronary Artery-right Atrium Fistula With Giant Coronary Aneurysm: Case Report
Authors: Jin Yan , Zhang Mengfei , He Juan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Coronary artery fistula is a rare coronary anomaly which is defined as a communication between coronary artery and other heart chambers or vascular structures. The coronary artery which supply the fistula with blood can dilated, as a consequence, coronary aneurysm developed. Case introduction: Coronary artery fistula is frequently asymptomatic in its early stage, here we report a 26-year-old woman with left coronary artery fistula and left coronary artery aneurysm who presented in our hospital with dyspnea, fatigue and palpitation. The orifice of fistula was closed by continuous suture via right atriotomy. The wall of the aneurysm and enlarged LCA were partially resected along its longitudinal axis so that we can reduce the diameter of LCA to approximately normal.Conclusion: This technique provides a safe method for surgical repair of the giant coronary artery aneurysm with CAF.
Comparison of the Entropy- and Copula-based Precipitation-Streamflow Drought Indices for Assessing Agricultural Drought in Arid and Semi-arid Coastal Areas of Southern Iran
Authors: Bazrafshan Javad , Azhdari Zahra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In arid and semi-arid regions, precipitation and seasonal streamflow are the two major sources of water for vegetation. The scarcity of these water sources has a detrimental effect on vegetation cover degradation. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of meteorological and hydrological droughts, and also their combined effects, on vegetation changes in seven coastal sub-basins in southern Iran (part of the Bandar-Sedij and Kol-Mehran catchment). To track meteorological and hydrological droughts, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) were used. The copula function and the entropy approach (which is developed in this research) were used to blend individual meteorological and hydrological drought indices, yielding hybrid indices called the Copula-based Drought Index and the Entropy-based Drought Index (EnDI). The single (i.e., SPI and SDI) and hybrid drought indices (CoDI and EnDI) were compared in terms of temporal behavior, drought severity and duration characteristics, drought frequency, and a bivariate analysis of the drought severity-duration return period. The results indicated that the rank correlation (\({r}_{s}\)) between SPI and SDI ranged between 0.327 and 0.726 in the studied sub-basins. However, the two hybrid indices CoDI and EnDI had extremely high correlations (\({r}_{s}\ge 0.9\)). Despite the fact that meteorological droughts benefited both hybrid drought indices more than hydrological droughts, the contribution of meteorological droughts to EnDI was greater than that of CoDI. Over the study region, CoDI reported droughts that were both longer and more severe than those recorded by EnDI. EnDI showed stronger associations with the Normalized Vegetation Difference Index (NDVI) in nearly all the sub-basins, possibly because precipitation has a greater effect on EnDI than it does on CoDI. EnDI was therefore recommended as a superior index for estimating vegetation droughts throughout the research region.
The Midkine-related ceRNA Network is a Prognostic Marker of Colon Cancer With Perineural Invasion
Authors: wang zhongyu , Yang Zhibin , cheng xianshuo , Fang shaojun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPerineural invasion (PNI) is a prominent characteristic of multiple solid tumors and indicates poor prognosis[1, 2]. A growing body of evidence emphasizes the critical role of competitive endogenous RNA(ceRNA) regulatory networks in various human cancers. However, the complexity and behavior characteristics of the ceRNA network in colon cancer with perineural invasion were still unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify a midkine(MDK)-related ceRNA regulatory network and identify potential prognostic markers associated with colon cancer with perineural invasion.Material and MethodsWe extract the expression profiles of three RNAs (long non-coding RNAs [lncRNAs], microRNAs [miRNAs], and mRNAs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In order to construct the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA triple regulatory network in colon cancer with perineural invasion, we performed joint analysis in the MDKhigh and MDKlow expression groups, as well as the colon cancer and paracancerous tissue groups. Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the Overall survival (OS) curves, and the log-rank test was used for testing. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to determine OS-related characteristics.ResultsKCNQ1OT1-miR-454-3p/miR-204-5p-MAP1B ceRNA network related to the prognosis of colon cancer was obtained through bioinformatics analysis. Importantly, we determined the KCNQ1OT1/MAP1B axis in the ceRNA through correlation analysis, and through Cox regression analysis it seems to be a clinical prognostic model. ConclusionIn conclusion, the current study constructing a ceRNA based KCNQ1OT1/MAP1B axis may be a novel important prognostic factor for the diagnosis and prognosis of colon cancer with perineural invasion.
Legal Risks and Coping Strategies of Block Chain Managing Trade Secrets: Enlightenment of Chinese Experience
Authors: Shiyong Song , Yuxia Xing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The management and legal protection of trade secrets is the common goal for all countres. Block Chain was found a huge advantage in protecting trade secrets as an advanced form of mathematical application. To better protect trade secrets for solutions, this study was to find out the legal risks faced with Block Chain. Basic theories of trade secrets and Block Chain were analyzed after reviewed literatures and empirical. The contemporary risks faced were put forward combined in practice. The better ways to protect trade secrets were discussed based on the current judicial practice of China. It was argued that problems of electronic storage and evidence collection of trade secrets would be solved Block Chain protection of trade secrets. Great risks and challenges would be confronted ahead albeit confirmed by the judiciary. It was concluded that a long time was dispensable for Block Chain managing and protecting trade secrets.
Effect of Chronic Exposure to Dexamethasone on Rocuronium-induced Neuromuscular Blockade and Sugammadex Reversal: an in Vivo Study on Rats
Authors: Park Ha Yeon , Choi Heyran , Kim Yong Beom , Oh Seok Kyeong , Kim Taehoon , Yang Hong Seuk , In Junyong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Chronic exposure to glucocorticoids is associated with resistance to nondepolarising neuromuscular blocking agents. Therefore, we hypothesised that sugammadex-induced recovery in subjects with chronic exposure to dexamethasone was faster than that in subjects without dexamethasone exposure. Objective: To evaluate the recovery profile of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade after sugammadex administration in rats. Design: An in vivo study on rats.Setting: Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Korea, from April 2017 to October 2017.Animals: Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats.Intervention: Sprague–Dawley rats were allocated to three groups (dexamethasone group, control group, and pair-fed group) for the in vivo study. Dexamethasone group received daily intraperitoneal injections of dexamethasone 500 μg kg-1 or 0.9% saline for 15 days. On the sixteenth day, 3.5 mg kg-1 of rocuronium was administered to achieve complete neuromuscular blockade. Main outcome measures: The recovery time to a train-of-four ratio Results: There were no significant differences in the recovery time to train-of-four ratio to 0.9 among the groups (P = 0.531). The time to second twitch of train-of-four recovery that indicated the duration of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade was significantly shorter in Group D than in Groups C and P (P = 0.001). Conclusion: As previously reported, resistance to rocuronium was observed in rats with chronic exposure to dexamethasone. However, the neuromuscular recovery time after sugammadex administration was not significantly different between groups.
Social Entrepreneurship as an Innovative Form of Business
Authors: Borscheva Natalia , Fedorova Yulia , Zasova Lyubov , Islamova Guzal , Borscheva Ksenia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As a result of the conducted research, the main approaches to the study of social entrepreneurship, its characteristic features and differences from charitable activities, traditional business and the activities of non-profit organizations were identified. The important role of social entrepreneurs - leaders who take risks and find innovative opportunities for combining resources to solve social problems and create social value is determined. The main approaches to the development of organizational and legal forms of social entrepreneurship implemented in different countries are highlighted. The analysis of foreign experience has shown that in the conditions of globalization, social entrepreneurship has covered all countries, and in many countries, it has already become a full-fledged economic institution. The emergence and development of social entrepreneurship not only makes it possible to increase the level of accessibility of consumption of goods and services, but also contributes to the mitigation or even solution of many existing social problems through the introduction of social innovations, which leads to an increase in the level of well-being of the population.
Characterization of Two Immunodominant Antigenic Peptides in NSP2 of PRRSV-2 and Generation of a Marker PRRSV Strain Based on the Peptides
Authors: Li Dong-Yan , Cui Xing-Yang , Huang Xin-Yi , Hu Yue , Tian Xiao-Xiao , Wang Tao , Yang Yong-Bo , Wang Qian , Tian Zhi-Jun , Cai Xue-Hui , An Tong-Qing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a widespread disease with great economic importance in the pig industry. Although vaccines against the PRRS virus (PRRSV) have been employed for more than 20 years, differentiating infected from vaccinated animal remains challenging. In this study, all 907 non-structural protein 2 (NSP2) full-length sequences of PRRSV-2 available from GenBank were aligned. Two peptides, at positions 562–627 (m1B) and 749–813 (m2B) of NSP2, were selected, and their potential for use in differential diagnosis was assessed. Both m1B and m2B were recognized by PRRSV-positive pig serum in peptide-coated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Further epitope identification yielded five overlapping short peptides for the immunodominant regions of m1B and m2B. Using the infectious clone of PRRSV HuN4-F112 as a template, the deletion mutants rHuN4-F112-m1B, rHuN4-F112-m2B, and rHuN4-F112-C5-m1B-m2B were generated and successfully rescued in Marc-145 cells. Growth kinetics revealed that deletion of m1B and m2B did not significantly affect virus replication. Hence, m1B and m2B show potential as molecular markers for developing a PRRSV vaccine.
Importance of Diagnosis and Treatment of Anterior Root Tear of the Lateral Meniscus from a Biomechanical Perspective
Authors: Espejo-Reina Alejandro , Prado-Novoa Maria , Espejo-Baena Alejandro , Peña-Trabalon Alejandro , Perez-Blanca Ana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Treatment of posterior meniscal roots tears evolved after biomechanical evidence of increased pressures on the tibiofemoral cartilage produced by this lesion and the subsequent accelerated development of arthritis or osteonecrosis observed clinically. However, little is known about the consequences of the detachment of the anterior roots. This in-vitro study analyzes the biomechanical changes in the tibiofemoral joint caused by avulsion of the anterior root of the lateral meniscus. The effectiveness of surgical root re-insertion to restore the pre-injured conditions is also evaluated. Using cadaveric knees at flexion angles from 0 to 90º, results show that the lesion significantly reduces the contact area and raises the pressure on the tibiofemoral cartilage of the injured compartment at all angles. Said modifications become larger at low flexion angles, which are the most frequent positions adopted by the knee in daily and sports activities, where they result similar to total meniscectomy. In-situ repair partially restores the contact biomechanics. Consequently, careful attention should be paid to proper diagnosis and treatment of detached anterior roots since the observed altered knee contact might induce similar degenerative problems in the cartilage as with completely detached posterior roots.
Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms in P2Y12 Receptor Signaling Pathway on Antiplatelet Response to Clopidogrel in Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Li Dongjie , Zhang Yanjiao , Li Zhongyi , Hu Xiaolei , Li He , Ma Qilin , Chen Xiaoping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds: Remarkable interindividual variability in clopidogrel response is observed, genetic polymorphisms in P2RY12 and its signal pathway is supposed to affect clopidogrel response in CHD patients. Methods: 539 CHD patients treated with clopidogrel were recruited. The platelet reaction index (PRI) indicated by VASP-P level were detected in 12-24h after clopidogrel loading dose (LD) or within 5-7 days after initiation of maintain dose (MD) clopidogrel. A total of 13 SNPs in relevant genes were genotyped in sample A (239 CHD patients). The SNPs which have significant differences in PRI will be validated in another sample (sample B, 300 CHD patients). Results: CYP2C19*2 increased the risk of clopidogrel resistance significantly. When CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 were considered, CYP2C19 loss of function (LOF) alleles were associated with more obviously increased the risk of clopidogrel resistance; P2RY12 rs6809699 C>A polymorphism was also associated with increased risk of clopidogrel resistance (AA vs CC: P=0.0398). This difference still existed after stratification by CYP2C19 genotypes. It was also validated in sample B. The association was also still significant even in the case of stratification by CYP2C19 genotypes in all patients (sample A+B). Conclusion: Our data suggest that P2RY12 rs6809699 is associated with clopidogrel resistance in CHD patients. Meanwhile, the rs6809699 AA genotype can increase on-treatment platelet activity independent of CYP2C19 LOF polymorphisms.
Identification of A Novel FRK-ROS1 Fusion Variant in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Brain Metastases and Remarkable Response to Crizotinib
Authors: Wu Li-xin , Wang Wen-xian , Xu Chun-wei , Huang Wei-hu , Chen Xiao-jie , Lei Lei , Fang Mei-yu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
ROS1-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a subset of NSCLC patients with unique malignant behavior and clinical course. Crizotinib, a multi-targeted ALK/ROS1/MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has promising significant activity in NSCLC with ROS1-rearrangement. The next-generation sequencing (NGS) is commonly used to identify the “druggable” genetic alterations in clinical practice. We identified a novel ROS1 fusion variant (FRK-ROS1) in a de novo stage IV NSCLC patient by NGS testing. This novel ROS1-rearrangement is generated by the fusion FRK to ROS1. The patient was remarkably responsive to crizotinib including the brain metastasis. A 29-year-old male never-smoker with chief complaints of back pain with a lumpy and flaky soft tissue mass in the upper right lobe of the lung and diffuse ground-glass shadow in both lungs e IV (cT4N3M1b). A CT-guided biopsy revealed the predominant adenocarcinoma and partial mucinous adenocarcinoma. By using next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay, we found that the tumor had FRK-ROS1 fusion rather than other actionable mutations. In that case, the patient took the first-line crizotinib and experienced a remarkable tumor response to it and tolerance well until written. FRK-ROS1 is a novel ROS1 fusion variant in NSCLC identified by NGS testing and the first-line crizotinib showed excellent performance in all lesions including the brain metastasis.
Carbohydrate Antigen 125 Supplements Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 for the Prediction of Invasive Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Authors: Qian Yunzhen , Gong Yitao , Luo Guopei , Liu Yu , Wang Ruijie , Deng Shengming , Zou Xuan , Lin Xuan , Chen Yusheng , Wang Xu , Yu Xianjun , Cheng He , Liu Chen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIntraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a disease with malignant potential. IPMNs of the pancreas are mainly managed according to ﻿radiographic indications, which lack accuracy in defining grades of IPMNs. Therefore, other indications such as serological biomarkers should be employed to predict the invasiveness of IPMNs.MethodsWe investigated preoperative serum levels of CA19-9, CA125 and CEA of 381 surgical patients with a definite pathological diagnosis of IPMN from July 2010 to December 2019 at Shanghai Cancer Center. We calculated the Youden indices of each point of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to find the most appropriate cut-off values of CA19-9, CA125 and CEA in recognizing malignant IPMNs. Serological biomarker differences were correlated with grades and biological behaviours of IPMNs. Diagnostic indices of these serum biomarkers were calculated.ResultsMalignant group had higher serum levels of CA19-9, CA125 and CEA. According to ROC curves, the most appropriate cut-off value of CA125 were readjusted to 13.5 U/ml while the cut-off values of CA19-9 and CEA remained 37 U/ml and 5.3 ng/l as them mostly be employed. Besides, CA19-9 elevation was significantly associated with vascular invasion and perineural infiltration. We found CA125 may predict invasive IPMN in CA19-9 negative subgroup according to ROC curve. ConclusionsSerological biomarkers are useful and sensitive indications for recognizing invasive IPMNs. CA19-9 has the upmost diagnostic indices among all regularly used serum biomarkers in differentiating malignant and benign IPMNs. CA19-9 should be combined with CA125 to form a more favourable biomarker panel for IPMNs malignancy prediction.
Molecular Characterization of a Silenced Transgenic Nicotiana Tabacum Line
Authors: Dietz-Pfeilstetter Antje , Manske Ulrike 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundRNA interference (RNAi), a natural regulatory mechanism involved in gene regulation, transgene silencing and virus defense in plants, has been widely used for improving the quality of crops and for conferring resistance to plant pests and pathogens. For the sustained application of RNAi-based genetically modified (GM) crops in agriculture, stable expression of the silencing-inducing hairpin transgene is important. As RNA interference may be accompanied by RNA-directed methylation of homologous DNA, including the RNAi transgene, gene body methylation may spread into the promoter and eventually lead to progressive transcriptional silencing of the RNAi inducing transgene. This would be detrimental for the effective use of RNAi crops and may have safety implications if food allergens or antinutrients are the target. Methods and ResultsIn order to gain knowledge about the molecular structure of transgenes sensitive to gene silencing as well as about the early detection of unstable plant lines, an unstable GM tobacco line was analyzed with respect to the integration structure and methylation patterns. This plant line was selected because it lost reporter gene expression in progeny plants due to post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) and was subject to transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) during prolonged tissue culture propagation of the primary transformant. It was found to contain an inverted repeat integration with transgene constructs separated by the bacterial transposon Tn5393 and to exist in two epigenetic states with respect to transgene methylation.ConclusionsInverted repeat integration containing bacterial transposon sequences may be a possible molecular trigger for the observed silencing of transgene expression in this unstable GM line.