bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space‐Time Wave Packets from Smith‐Purcell Radiation
Authors: Tan Yi Ji , Pitchappa Prakash , Wang Nan , Singh Ranjan , Wong Liang Jie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSpace‐time wave packets are electromagnetic waves with strong correlations between their spatial and temporal degrees of freedom. These wave packets have gained much attention for fundamental properties like propagation invariance and user‐designed group velocities, and for potential applications like optical microscopy, micromanipulation, and laser micromachining. Here, free‐electron radiation is presented as a natural and versatile source of space‐time wave packets that are ultra‐broadband and highly tunable in frequency. For instance, ab initio theory and numerical simulations show that the intensity profile of space‐time wave packets from Smith‐Purcell radiation can be directly tailored through the grating properties, as well as the velocity and shape of the electron bunches. The result of this work indicates a viable way of generating space‐time wave packets at exotic frequencies such as the terahertz and X‐ray regimes, potentially paving the way toward new methods of shaping electromagnetic wave packets through free‐electron radiation.
Rational Design of a Modality‐Specific Inhibitor of TRPM8 Channel against Oxaliplatin‐Induced Cold Allodynia
Authors: Aierken Aerziguli , Xie Ya‐Kai , Dong Wenqi , Apaer Abuliken , Lin Jia‐Jia , Zhao Zihan , Yang Shilong , Xu Zhen‐Zhong , Yang Fan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPlatinum‐based compounds in chemotherapy such as oxaliplatin often induce peripheral neuropathy and neuropathic pain such as cold allodynia in patients. Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 8 (TRPM8) ion channel is a nociceptor critically involved in such pathological processes. Direct blockade of TRPM8 exhibits significant analgesic effects but also incurs severe side effects such as hypothermia. To selectively target TRPM8 channels against cold allodynia, a cyclic peptide DeC‐1.2 is de novo designed with the optimized hot‐spot centric approach. DeC‐1.2 modality specifically inhibited the ligand activation of TRPM8 but not the cold activation as measured in single‐channel patch clamp recordings. It is further demonstrated that DeC‐1.2 abolishes cold allodynia in oxaliplatin treated mice without altering body temperature, indicating DeC‐1.2 has the potential for further development as a novel analgesic against oxaliplatin‐induced neuropathic pain.
Activating Lattice Oxygen in Perovskite Oxide by B‐Site Cation Doping for Modulated Stability and Activity at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Chen Huijun , Lim Chaesung , Zhou Mengzhen , He Zuyun , Sun Xiang , Li Xiaobao , Ye Yongjian , Tan Ting , Zhang Hui , Yang Chenghao , Han Jeong Woo , Chen Yan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDoping perovskite oxide with different cations is used to improve its electro‐catalytic performance for various energy and environment devices. In this work, an activated lattice oxygen activity in Pr0.4Sr0.6CoxFe0.9−xNb0.1O3−δ (PSCxFN, x = 0, 0.2, 0.7) thin film model system by B‐site cation doping is reported. As Co doping level increases, PSCxFN thin films exhibit higher concentration of oxygen vacancies () as revealed by X‐ray diffraction and synchrotron‐based X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Density functional theory calculation results suggest that Co doping leads to more distortion in FeO octahedra and weaker metaloxygen bonds caused by the increase of antibonding state, thereby lowering formation energy. As a consequence, PSCxFN thin film with higher Co‐doping level presents larger amount of exsolved particles on the surface. Both the facilitated formation and B‐site cation exsolution lead to the enhanced hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) activity. Excessive Co doping until 70%, nevertheless, results in partial decomposition of thin film and degrades the stability. Pr0.4Sr0.6(Co0.2Fe0.7Nb0.1)O3 with moderate Co doping level displays both good HOR activity and stability. This work clarifies the critical role of B‐site cation doping in determining the formation process, the surface activity, and structure stability of perovskite oxides.
Melt‐Extrusion‐Based Additive Manufacturing of Transparent Fused Silica Glass
Authors: Mader Markus , Hambitzer Leonhard , Schlautmann Phillip , Jenne Sophie , Greiner Christian , Hirth Florian , Helmer Dorothea , Kotz‐Helmer Frederik , Rapp Bastian E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) of glass has attracted great interest in academia and industry, yet it is still mostly limited to liquid nanocomposite‐based approaches for stereolithography, two‐photon polymerization, or direct ink writing. Melt‐extrusion‐based processes, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), which will allow facile manufacturing of large thin‐walled components or simple multimaterial printing processes, are so far inaccessible for AM of transparent fused silica glass. Here, melt‐extrusion‐based AM of transparent fused silica is introduced by FDM and fused feedstock deposition (FFD) using thermoplastic silica nanocomposites that are converted to transparent glass using debinding and sintering. This will enable printing of previously inaccessible glass structures like high‐aspect‐ratio (>480) vessels with wall thicknesses down to 250 µm, delicate parts including overhanging features using polymer support structures, as well as dual extrusion for multicolored glasses.
Achieving Large Switchable Polarization and Enhanced Piezoelectric Response in BiFeO3‐PbTiO3 Solid Solution Ceramics
Authors: Zhuang Jian , Tang Zhuohua , Lu Jinming , Bokov Alexei A. , Zhang Nan , Kubrin Stanislav P. , Raevski Igor P. , Luo Zeng , Lian Qin , Yang Shuming , Ren Wei , Ye Zuo‐Guang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPerovskite materials based on BiFeO3‐PbTiO3 (BFPT) solid solutions are promising for various applications thanks to the extremely large spontaneous polarization (Ps) and existence of multiferroic morphotropic phase boundary. For applications in piezoelectric and memory devices, complete switching of Ps is needed, which is hard to achieve practically. In this work, a simple modified mixed‐oxide reaction method is developed allowing to prepare Dy‐ and Sm‐modified BFPT ceramics with significantly improved properties. The MPB compositions demonstrate well‐saturated ferroelectric hysteresis loops with large switchable remanent polarization of 60 µC cm−2 and enhanced piezoelectric properties with a large‐signal piezoelectric coefficient d33* = 214 pm V−1 and a direct piezoelectric coefficient d33 = 128 pC N−1, which is one and a half times larger than the best d33 value reported for the BFPT ceramics so far. The Curie temperature reaches 539 °C, suggesting a potential for high‐temperature applications. The domain structure is studied by piezoresponse force microscopy. It is found that the enhanced dielectric/piezoelectric properties are mainly due to polarization rotation/extension (intrinsic) mechanism, while the extrinsic contributions of the interphase and domain walls are virtually absent. The strategies for improvement of properties of BFPT and related materials are proposed.
Pt‐Induced Defects Curing on BiVO4 Photoanodes for Near‐Threshold Charge Separation
Authors: Gao Rui‐Ting , Liu Shujie , Guo Xiaotian , Zhang Rongao , He Jinlu , Liu Xianhu , Nakajima Tomohiko , Zhang Xueyuan , Wang Lei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhotostability is one of the most essential properties for evaluating photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance on semiconductors. Herein, the oxygen‐deficiency conditions are applied to tune and activate BiVO4 photoanodes with a class of oxygen vacancies across the whole bulk material, and regulate the electronic occupancy of these states upon the charge carrier processes that determine PEC water oxidation activity. Through the experimental results and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with time‐domain density functional theory calculations, the charge carrier lifetime can be influenced by the oxygen vacancies concentration on BiVO4, and the semiconductor can be flexibly photoactivated under oxygen‐sufficient and deficient atmospheres for enhancing the charge carrier density and photovoltage. The PEC performance of BiVO4 is further boosted by Pt doping, which exhibits a record photocurrent density of 5.45 mA cm–2 at 1.23 VRHE with solar conversion efficiency of 2.1% at 0.65 VRHE. The Pt can prevent the unnecessory charge recombination on the defected BiVO4, which also enhances the majority charge carrier density, resulting in one of the best charge separation efficiencies, close to 100%, among the steady‐state PEC performance for BiVO4. More importantly, the resulting Pt:BiVO4 presents long‐term stability over 50 h at 0.8 VRHE.
Growth and survival of diploid and triploid bata, Labeo bata (Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Afroz Khan Benzir , Shah Md. Saifuddin , Salin Krishna R. , Rahi Md. Lifat 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBata (Labeo bata), an indigenous, freshwater minor carp, is a great delicacy in Bangladesh. In its natural fishery, bata contributes significantly to the health and nutritional security of a large section of the fisher communities in Bangladesh. However, it is not a popular farmed fish because of its small size and slow growth rate. The induction of triploidy, aimed at providing faster growth and larger body size, could be appropriate for L. bata to enhance its aquaculture potential. In the present study, we induced triploidy in L. bata by applying heat shock on fertilised eggs (that were maintained at the ambient temperature of 26–28°C), 3 to 5 min post fertilisation and for durations ranging from 1 to 2 min. Four different temperatures, namely, 38, 39, 40 and 41°C, were tested as heat shock treatments. The optimum treatment combination for triploidy induction in L. bata was found to be 39°C for the 1 min duration, 3 min after fertilisation, yielding 100% triploidy. Karyotyping revealed 72 chromosomes in the triploid fish (3n), whereas the diploid control (2n) had 48 chromosomes. The growth performance of the triploid hatchlings was compared against the diploid control in experimental ponds. After 12 weeks of rearing, the triploid fish were significantly heavier (p < 0.05) than their diploid counterparts. The survival rate of the triploids was also better (69%) than that of diploids (56%). Overall, results revealed better performance (growth and survival) of triploid bata over diploids, indicating that the farming of triploid bata can be a viable practice in Bangladesh.
Rapid changes in agricultural land use and hydrology in the Driftless Region
Authors: Bendorf Josh , Hubbard Shane , Kucharik Christopher J. , VanLoocke Andy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAnnual cropping systems are common in the Driftless Region of the U.S. Midwest, but soil degradation is prone to happen in such systems due to the rugged topography of the region. Recent rapid increases in row crop area have been noted in this region, with annual precipitation and hydrologic extremes on the rise in recent decades. The aim of this research to use geospatial datasets and tools in order to assess the regional trends in land use, precipitation, and hydrologic change and quantify the relationship between these environmental trends. Between 2006 and 2017, substantial row crop expansion of 10,000 ha or more was common across HUC 8 (Hydrologic Unit Code 8) watersheds in our study area. Expansion occurred mainly on steeper slopes, converting existing grasslands or alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to row crops. Classifying land as planted (in row crops), plantable (in row crops or could be converted), and unplantable (unable to be converted) revealed that Driftless Region watersheds have ∼30–50% of plantable land available for future expansion. Annual precipitation was highly variable during this time period but had a general increasing trend. On average, precipitation showed higher correlation to streamflow compared to row crop expansion across 27 USGS river gage drainage basins in our study area. However, when the increase in row crop area was significant and was accompanied by increasing precipitation, stronger correlation between row crop area and annual streamflow was exhibited. This finding suggests that row crop expansion acts to enhance the effects of increasing precipitation on local hydrology.
Lanthanide‐based bulky counterions against aggregation‐caused quenching of dyes in fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles
Authors: Severi Caterina , Lahtinen Satu , Rosenberg Jaana , Reisch Andreas , Soukka Tero , Klymchenko Andrey S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDye‐loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are promising bioimaging agents because of their available surface chemistry, high brightness, and tunable optical properties. However, high dye loadings can cause the aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) of the encapsulated fluorophores. Previously, we proposed to mitigate the ACQ inside polymeric NPs by insulating cationic dyes with bulky hydrophobic counterions. In order to implement new functionalities into dye‐loaded NPs, here, we extend the concept of bulky counterions to anionic lanthanide‐based complexes. We show that by employing Gd‐based counterions with octadecyl rhodamine B loaded NPs at 30 wt% versus polymer, the fluorescence quantum yield can be increased to 10‐fold (to 0.34). Moreover, Gd‐anion provides NPs with enhanced contrast in electron microscopy. A combination of a luminescent Eu‐based counterion with a far‐red to near‐infrared cyanine 5 dye (DiD) yields Forster resonance energy transfer NPs, where the UV‐excited Eu‐based counterion transfers energy to DiD, generating delayed fluorescence and large stokes shift of ∼340 nm. Cellular studies reveal low cytotoxicity of NPs and their capacity to internalize without detectable dye leakage, in contrast to leaky NPs with small counterions. Our findings show that the aggregation behavior of cationic dyes in the polymeric NPs can be controlled by bulky lanthanide anions, which will help in developing bright luminescent multifunctional nanomaterials.
Mass transfer of anti‐cancer drug delivery to brain tumors by a multiple emulsion‐based implant
Authors: Dluska Ewa , Markowska‐Radomska Agnieszka , Metera Agata , Rudniak Leszek , Kosicki Konrad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe advanced use of a pH‐responsive biomaterial‐based injectable liquid implant for effective chemotherapeutic delivery in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) brain tumor treatment is presented. As an implant, we proposed a water‐in‐oil‐in‐water multiple emulsion with encapsulated doxorubicin. The effectiveness of the proposed therapy was evaluated by comparing the cancer cell viability achieved in classical therapy (chemotherapeutic solution). The experimental study included doxorubicin release rates and consumption for two emulsions differing in drop sizes and structures in the presence of GBM‐cells (LN229, U87 MG), and a cell viability. The results showed that the multiple emulsion implant was significantly more effective than classical therapy when considering the reduction in cancer cell viability: 85% for the emulsion‐implant, and only 43% for the classical therapy. A diffusion–reaction model was adapted to predict doxorubicin release kinetics and elimination by glioblastoma cells. CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations confirmed that the drug release kinetics depends on multiple emulsion structures and drop sizes.
Phylogeny, classification, and character evolution of tribe Citharexyleae (Verbenaceae)
Authors: Frost Laura A. , O'Leary Nataly , Lagomarsino Laura P. , Tank David C. , Olmstead Richard G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremiseAs a family of Neotropical origin and primarily Neotropical distribution, the Verbenaceae are a good but understudied system with which to understand Neotropical evolution. Tribe Citharexyleae comprises three genera: Baillonia, Citharexylum—one of the largest genera in Verbenaceae—and Rehdera. A molecular phylogenetic approach was taken to resolve intergeneric relationships in Citharexyleae and infrageneric relationships in Citharexylum. The phylogeny is used to elucidate character evolution in a widespread, morphologically diverse Neotropical genus.MethodsSeven plastid regions, two nuclear ribosomal spacers, and six low‐copy nuclear loci were analyzed for 64 species of Citharexyleae. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference, and multispecies coalescent approaches. Habit, presence or absence of thorns, inflorescence architecture, flower color, fruit color, and geography were examined to identify diagnostic character states for clades within Citharexylum.ResultsRehdera is resolved as sister to Citharexylum, and Baillonia nested within Citharexylum. Two species, C. oleinum and C. tetramerum, are not closely related to tribe Citharexyleae, but may be related to members of tribe Duranteae instead. Seven clades within Citharexylum are inferred, each characterized by a combination of geography, fruit color and/or maturation, and inflorescence architecture. There is evidence of correlated evolution between habit, axillary inflorescences, and flower number per inflorescence. Shrubs with reduced inflorescences have evolved repeatedly.ConclusionsA subgeneric classification for Citharexylum is proposed. Although suites of associated traits are found, character morphology has been labile throughout Citharexylum's evolutionary history. Morphological diversity may be related to adaptation to differing mesic and xeric habitats.
Hydraulic architecture with high root‐resistance fraction contributes to efficient carbon gain of plants in temperate habitats
Authors: Taneda Haruhiko , Ikeda Takefumi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremiseThe hydraulic architecture in the leaves, stems and roots of plants constrains water transport and carbon gain through stomatal limitation to CO2 absorption. Because roots are the main bottleneck in water transport for a range of plant species, we assessed the ecophysiological mechanism and importance of a high fraction of root hydraulic resistance in woody and herbaceous species.MethodsBiomass partitioning and hydraulic conductance of leaves, stems, and roots of Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica, a perennial herb) and Japanese zelkova (Zelkova serrata, a deciduous tall tree) were measured. Theoretical analyses were used to examine whether the measured hydraulic architecture and biomass partitioning maximized the plant photosynthetic rate (the product of leaf area and photosynthetic rate per leaf area).ResultsRoot hydraulic resistance accounted for 83% and 68% of the total plant resistance for Japanese knotweed and Japanese zelkova, respectively. Comparisons of hydraulic and biomass partitioning revealed that high root‐resistance fractions were attributable to low biomass partitioning to root organs rather than high mass‐specific root conductance. The measured partitioning of hydraulic resistance closely corresponded to the predicted optimal partitioning, maximizing the plant photosynthetic rate for the two species. The high fraction of root resistance was predicted to be optimal with variations in air humidity and soil water potential.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the hydraulic architecture of plants growing in mesic and fertile habitats not only results in high root resistance due to small biomass partitioning to root organs, but contributes to efficient carbon gain.
Demystifying mentorship: Tips for successfully navigating the mentor–mentee journey
Authors: Ocobock Cara , Niclou Alexandra , Loewen Tisa , Arslanian Kendall , Gibson Rebecca , Valeggia Claudia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundQuality mentorship is crucial for long‐term success in academia and overall job satisfaction. Unfortunately, formal mentorship training is lacking, and there is little recourse for failed mentor–mentee relationships.MethodsWe performed a literature review to understand the current state of mentorship research with a focus on: (1) what mentorship is and why it is important for success; (2) establishing mentor‐mentee relationships; and (3) the role of diversity, equity, and inclusion.ResultsFrom the literature review, we compiled a number of mentorship recommendations for individuals, departments, institutions, and professional associations. These recommendations focus on building a mentorship network, establishing formalized mentorship training, how to build a productive and mutually beneficial mentor–mentee relationship, and instituting a system of mentorship accountability.ConclusionWe hope that by centralizing this information and providing a list of resources and actionable recommendations we inspire and encourage others to make meaningful changes in their approach to mentorship to create a more kind, caring, and equitable environment in which to conduct our work.
Parental incarceration and child physical health outcomes from infancy to adulthood: A critical review and multilevel model of potential pathways
Authors: Austin Makeda K. , White Inez I. , Kim Andrew Wooyoung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are currently 2.2 million people incarcerated in U.S. prisons and jails, representing a 500% increase over the past 40 years. An emerging literature suggests the impact of mass incarceration extends beyond the prison, jail, or detention center to the families of incarcerated individuals. Less scholarship has considered consequences of parental incarceration for their children's physical health.MethodsWe conduct a critical review of the literature investigating an association between parental incarceration and children's physical health outcomes from infancy to adulthood.ResultsStudies varied substantially in study design, sample composition, and methodological approach. Most studies suggest an association between parental incarceration and adverse physical health outcomes. Evidence is more consistent for outcomes such as infant and child mortality, lower healthcare access, and negative health behaviors and more mixed for measures such as self‐reported/general health.ConclusionWe propose a multilevel model of mechanistic pathways to stimulate future research on the potential pathways through which parental incarceration could influence children's physical health.
The effect of adherence on cognition in a multidomain lifestyle intervention (FINGER)
Authors: Ngandu Tiia , Lehtisalo Jenni , Korkki Saana , Solomon Alina , Coley Nicola , Antikainen Riitta , Bäckman Lars , Hänninen Tuomo , Lindström Jaana , Laatikainen Tiina , Paajanen Teemu , Havulinna Satu , Peltonen Markku , Neely Anna Stigsdotter , Strandberg Timo , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Soininen Hilkka , Kivipelto Miia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionLifestyle interventions may prevent cognitive decline, but the sufficient dose of intervention activities and lifestyle changes is unknown. We investigated how intervention adherence affects cognition in the FINGER trial (pre‐specified subgroup analyses).MethodsFINGER is a multicenter randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of multidomain lifestyle intervention (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01041989). A total of 1260 participants aged 60 to 77 with increased dementia risk were randomized to a lifestyle intervention and control groups. Percentage of completed intervention sessions, and change in multidomain lifestyle score (self‐reported diet; physical, cognitive, and social activity; vascular risk) were examined in relation to change in Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB) scores.ResultsActive participation was associated with better trajectories in NTB total and all cognitive subdomains. Improvement in lifestyle was associated with improvement in NTB total and executive function.DiscussionMultidomain lifestyle changes are beneficial for cognitive functioning, but future interventions should be intensive enough, and supporting adherence is essential.