bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Web Based Micro Turning-Process Planning System With Considering Distributed Resources
Authors: Yang Xiaoming , Zheng Li , Zhang Zhihai , Liu Dacheng , Zhang Bopeng , Liu T. I. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A new and emerging agile manufacturing paradigm is attracting an increasing amount of attention from both the academic and industrial communities. Agile manufacturing makes use of modern information technology to form virtual enterprises, which agilely respond to the changing market demands. In recent years, Web related technology improves greatly the abilities to communicate and cooperate, The web technology enables the manufacturing resources, including information, facilities and so on, to be shared among geographically distributed partners. The significance of web technology to agile manufacturing is unquestionable. In this paper we develop a prototyping system to explore methodology of enhancing agility by use of Web based technology. A web-based micro-process planning system for turning has been developed. The engineers who are connected to the Internet at geographically distributed sites can use a standard browser to realize process parameter planning and optimization.
An Internet-Based Distributed Service Architecture
Authors: Han Charles S. , Kunz John C. , Law Kincho H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a distributed architecture that enables the delivery of design services over the Internet. The architecture of an individual service is three-tiered. The first tier is a common communication protocol interface. The middle tier is the common product model interface. The third tier is the core of the design service. Though fundamentally decoupled, methods in the communication layer and the product model layer have been formalized to enable the aggregation of services and the support of problem decomposition. In addition, with the standardization of the first two tiers, it is possible to rapidly deploy various design services, both new and legacy applications, that can be easily made accessible via the Internet. As examples of design services, the prototype implements a project manager service with a companion CAD package, services that incorporate two legacy applications (a building code analysis service and a service that generates and displays an accessible path for a given floor plan design using motion planning and animation techniques), and a disabled access service that takes advantage of the decomposable infrastructure.
Digital Library Support for Engineering Design and Manufacturing
Authors: Regli William C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper describes our initial efforts to deploy a digital library to support engineering design and manufacturing. This experimental testbed, The Engineering Design Repository, is an effort to collect and archive public domain engineering data for use by researchers and engineering professionals.
CAD knowledge-bases are vital to engineers, who search through vast amounts of corporate legacy data and navigate online catalogs to retrieve precisely the right components for assembly into new products. This research attempts to begin addressing the critical need for improved computational methods for reasoning about complex geometric and engineering information. In particular, we focus on archival and reuse of design and manufacturing data for mechatronic systems. This paper presents a description of the research problem and an overview of the initial architecture of testbed.
Process-Centric Distributed Collaborative Design Based on the Web
Authors: Kim Hyun , Lee Jae Yeol , Han Sung-Bae 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss a distributed collaborative design for embodying concurrent engineering. The concept of a process-centric collaborative design is proposed to progress collaboratively an engineering design. It is implemented in the PEDWorks (Process-centric Engineering Design Workspace) as a prototype system for the Web-based collaborative workspace to integrate design activities in a distributed and heterogeneous computing environment. The PEDWorks has a client/server architecture, which consists of server applications such as a process controller, a design board, a communication server and a CAD server, and the client browsers with a Web-based process-driven user interface. We have conformed to CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) standard to support interoperability between distributed objects and have used JAVA to support cross-platform and distributed user access to PEDWorks on the Web. PEDWorks enables design teams to define the design process collaboratively, execute it in a distributed environment, share design information and communicate with each other.
A Multi-Level Heuristic Search Algorithm for Production Scheduling
Authors: Yadav S. , Xu Y. , Xue D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces a multi-level heuristic search algorithm for identifying the optimal production schedule considering different levels of manufacturing requirements and constraints. In this multi-level heuristic search-based scheduling system, production requirements and constraints are represented at three different levels: task level, process level, and resource level. A task describes a manufacturing requirement. A process defines a method to achieve the goal of a task. A resource, such as a machine or a person, is a facility for accomplishing a required process. The scheduling system was implemented using Smalltalk, an object oriented programming language.
A Method for Qualifying High Density Data Acquisition Systems for Free Form Metrology
Authors: Ebenstein Sam E. , Kiridena Vijitha S. , Rodin Yelena M. , Smith Gregory H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Vehicle Perception Safety Research Team of the Ford Manufacturing & Vehicle Design Research Laboratory has developed artifacts, procedures and data analysis techniques to assist in evaluating systems used for the high-speed collection of geometric data. These systems are usually comprised of a non-contact sensor and a means of positioning the sensor relative to the part being inspected. They are usually used to collect data from sculptured or “free form” surfaces for reverse engineering or for applications in the emerging field of free form metrology. The evaluation procedure consists of acquiring data from three ceramic balls nominally 44.45 mm in diameter held by depressions in a flat plate. The data are then first analyzed using least square techniques to obtain observed radii of the balls and the location of their centers. Then free form metrology techniques are used to compare the data from each ball to an ideal sphere of the observed radius and center location. By combining the observed location and radii with a high resolution graphical representation of the quality of fit between the data and an ideal sphere, a good assessment of the system’s capability for collection of data for reverse engineering or for free form metrology is obtained. At the same time the technique graphically reveals any troublesome systematic or shape-related sources of error.
New Sampling Strategies for Form Evaluation of Free-Form Surfaces
Authors: Kim Doo Hwan , Ozsoy Tulga M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
New strategies to determine the location of the measurement points for form evaluation of free-form surfaces by using Coordinate Measuring Machines are investigated. The newly developed corrected length method locates the measurement points on constant curvature contour lines. The length and the rank of each contour line are used as parameters to control the distribution of the measurement points. The experimental results have shown that the proposed method is more robust than the known methods currently being used for form evaluation of free-form surfaces. The method also offers opportunities for developing more efficient probe-path generation strategies, since the measurement points are located on continuous paths formed by constant curvature contour lines.
Feature-Based Segmentation of CT-Contours for Reverse Engineering
Authors: Liu Shoubin , Ma Weiyin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents results on feature-based segmentation of contour data for creating a CAD model in the context of CT-based reverse engineering applications. After pre-processing of CT-scanning results, the geometry of an existing part is represented as a collection of complex raw CT-contours. The interested CT-contours representing a large surface area or the complete external or internal surfaces are first extracted from the raw CT-contours. A feature-based segmentation technique is then applied to subdivide the extracted CT-contours into individual surface features. Based on the input of an open seed contour, all contour segments belonging to the same surface feature of the user-entered seed contour are segmented from others layer by layer using a seed-growing approach. A turning angle map is used for the identification of candidate feature points on an individual contour. An elastic spline and an optimization algorithm are used in the seed-growing process. A surface model can then be further created from the segmented features.
Representation of Swept Volumes in a Parametric CAD System Using Trajectory Information From Virtual Environments
Authors: Wang Yong , Jayaram Sankar , Jayaram Uma , Lyons Kevin , Hart Peter 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Swept volumes are the volumes created by a part moving in space during the process of assembly, disassembly, service, etc. Swept volumes represent important manufacturing, maintainability, and serviceability data. Several graphical and implicit modeling techniques are currently available to create and represent swept volumes as three-dimensional polygonal blobs. In this paper, we present a method for generating swept volumes from trajectory data created in a virtual graphics environment during an assembly/disassembly scenario. The individual instances can be edited in the virtual environment by swept instance removal and modification of position and orientation of instances. Using a synchronous link between the virtual environment and the CAD system, the trajectory information from the virtual environment is used along with the parametric model in the CAD system to create swept volume geometry directly in a parametric CAD system as a feature of the assembly. In addition, using the synchronous link, this swept volume (not just instances along the trajectory) can then be exported back to the original virtual environment and displayed. This method can handle any sweeping trajectory and does not restrict the geometry or the topology requirement of the sweeping object. The swept volumes generated this way are accurate, concise, and can be easily processed by CAD systems.
Offset Curves and Surfaces With Continued Fractions
Authors: Wen Manhong , Ting Kwun-Lon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper provides a new approach to approximate the offset of free-form curves and surfaces with continued fractions. The properties of continued fractions are introduced. The convergence of the approximation is proved and the relationship between accuracy and approximate step is established. It shows that the approximation converges fast and reliably, the error of approximation is easily estimated and controlled, and a unified algorithm can be used to generate the rational offset of non-rational and rational planar curves, spatial curves, and surfaces in CAD/CAM industry.
NURBS-Based Multi-Axis Toolpath for High Speed Machining
Authors: Cheng Kevin , Tang Sheng-Der 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The NURBS-based toolpath has been considered as an important step forward in computer-aided manufacturing technology for high speed machining applications. Major CNC vendors have found that the NURBS toolpath provides the following benefits over the traditional line string toolpath: more accurate parts, reduced cycle time, improved surface quality, and drastically smaller part programs. This paper presents the technological advancements in the NURBS based toolpath project that Unigraphics Solutions’ CAM group has done since 1996. The NURBS toolpath generator has been implemented to a multi-axis surface milling module. Examples demonstrate the advantages of the NURBS toolpath over the conventional line string toolpath in high speed machining.
History-Independent Boundary Evaluation for Feature Modeling
Authors: Bidarra Rafael , Bronsvoort Willem F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Most current feature modeling systems strongly rely on a history-based interpretation of the feature model, in order to maintain its evaluated boundary representation. This dependency on the model history is undesirable, as it forces the user of the modeling system to reason in terms of a strict chronological feature creation order. Moreover, re-evaluation of the boundary representation, as performed in such systems, has a computational cost proportional to the size of the model history. Such drawbacks suggest that current feature modeling systems are still too tied to conventional geometric modeling techniques.
In this paper, it is argued that to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above, a declarative feature model is required, whose structure is dynamically adapted as modeling operations create or modify relations among its features. Operations performed on this feature model can then be efficiently propagated to an evaluated non-manifold geometric representation, without invoking model history considerations. The paper describes how such a geometric model — the so-called Cellular Model — can be maintained throughout model evolution. For each modeling operation, this is achieved in two phases. First, the Cellular Model is incrementally re-evaluated. Second, the Cellular Model is interpreted, according to the feature information stored in its cellular entities and the current dependencies among the features. The advantages of the use of this history-independent boundary evaluation, implemented within the semantic feature modeling approach, are illustrated with some modeling examples.
A Process Planning Method for Improving the Build Performance in Stereolithography
Authors: West Aaron P. , Rosen David W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A process planning method is presented in this paper to aid stereolithography users in the selection of appropriate values of build process variables in order to achieve specific goals and characteristics that are desirable in the end prototype. To accomplish this, user-defined input in the form of goal preferences and feature tolerances are used to control how the prototype will be built by way of process planning. The user inputs will be used to drive the creation of the process plan so that a prototype is produced, which reflects the intent of the operator. The process planning method is adapted from multi-objective optimization and utilizes empirical data, analytical models, and heuristics to quantitatively relate build process variables to goals of surface finish, accuracy, and build time. The objective is to render decision support by handling tradeoffs among conflicting goals quantitatively and give the user some degree of insight into what quality of prototype may ultimately be produced. The process planning method is demonstrated on a part with non-trivial geometric features.
Verification of the Thick Layered Free-Form Object Fabrication by Visual Simulation
Authors: Horváth Imre , Rusák Zoltán , Kuczogi György , Broek Johan J. , Vergeest Joris S. M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The process of free-form thick-layered object manufacturing (FF-TLOM) has been developed with the aim of supporting physical concept modeling and rapid prototyping Of large sized, morphologically complex, dominantly free-form industrial engineering products. The FF-TLOM process involves the following activities: (i) morphological segmentation of the CAD model, (ii) tool profile generation, (iii) slicing the segments based on higher order shape approximation, and (iv) tool position and tool path calculation, (v) layer manufacturing, and (vi) assembly of the physical model. Due to the number of factors that influence the decisions, the otherwise highly automated computations must be accompanied by an in-process visualization. This paper proposes a ‘virtual prototyping’ for pre-implementation testing of the actual physical concept modeling and/or rapid prototyping process. It explains the operation of the developed calculation software tools and presents the results of the visualization tools. Based on the visualization of the process and the artifact, possible errors of the physical model can be explored and eliminated, furthermore, parameters of the process can be optimized.
Manufacturing Resource Modeling With Petri Nets
Authors: Kiritsis Dimitris , Xirouchakis Paul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The problem under consideration is the modeling of manufacturing resources like machine tools, setups and tools which affect the cost and batch delivery time estimation of machined parts. The proposed resource models are built upon Petri net models for process planning and scheduling with three methods: (i) an implicit modeling method where resources are modeled as a data structure which acts on a specific Process Planning Petri net (PP-net), (ii) a first explicit modeling method where resources, are modeled as separated Petri nets whose places are connected to PP-net transitions with adequate arcs and form a Process Planning Cost System (PPC-system) and (iii) a second explicit modeling method where a two-level Petri net model is proposed which allows the modular modeling of process plans and resources. In the later case, integration is achieved through an synchronization mechanism. The first two methods are used for the cost estimation of process plans of unique parts while the third one is used for delivery time and cost estimation of a batch of machined parts.
Robustness Optimization of FMS Under Production Plan Variations: The Case of Cyclic Production
Authors: Saitou Kazuhiro , Malpathak Samir 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses an extension of our previous work (Saitou, 1998) on robustness optimization of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) that undergo forecasted production plan variations. The extension is made to a more general class of FMS performing “non-linear” or “cyclic” production that allows multiple operation types per one machine type. As in our previous work (Saitou, 1998), a configuration of an FMS is modeled as a colored Petri net and the associated transition firing sequence, and the robustness of FMS is defined as the insensitivity of production performances against variations in production plan. The optimization of the robustness of the colored Petri net model is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem which minimizes production costs under multiple production plans (batch sizes for all jobs), and reconfiguration cost due to production plan changes. A genetic algorithm, coupled with a dispatching rule based on shortest imminent operation time (SIO), is used to simultaneously find an semi-optimal resource allocation and event-driven schedule of a colored Petri net. The resulting Petri nets are then compared with the Petri nets optimized for a particular production plan in order to address the effectiveness of the robustness optimization. The simulation results suggest that the proposed robustness optimization scheme should be considered when the products are moderately different in their job specifications so that optimizing for a particular production plan creates inevitably bottlenecks in product flow and/or deadlock under other production plans.
Towards Combining Digitization Techniques in the Generation of Reverse Engineering Data Sets
Authors: Rolls C. J. , ElMaraghy W. , ElMaraghy H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Reverse engineering (RE), may be defined as the process of generating computer aided design models (CAD) from existing or prototype parts. The process has been used for many years in industry. It has markedly increased in implementation in the past few years, primarily due to the introduction of rapid part digitization technologies. Current industrial applications include CAD model construction from artisan geometry, such as in automotive body styling, the generation of custom fits to human surfaces, and quality control. This paper summarizes the principles of operation behind many commercially available part digitization technologies, and discusses techniques involved in part digitization using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and laser scanner. An overall error characterization of the laser scanning digitization process is presented for a particular scanner. This is followed by a discussion of the merits and considerations involved in generating combined data sets with characteristics indicative of the design intent of specific part features. Issues in facilitating the assembly, or registration, of the different types of data into a single point set are discussed.
Accuracy and Fitting-Time Minimization in the Reverse Engineering of Prismatic Features
Authors: Nassef Ashraf O. , Ashraf Ayman M. , Metwalli Sayed M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In many years of industry, it is desirable to create geometric models of existing objects for which no such models are available. Reverse engineering transforms real parts into engineering models and concepts. This paper presents an approach for fitting three-dimensional prismatic features using real-coded genetic algorithms. The approach is compared with the Nelder Meade Simplex search method as a variant of the traditional direct search method. The results show the superiority of the real-coded genetic algorithms over the traditional direct search method with respect to accuracy. The paper also concerns with the minimization of the fitting time through minimizing the number of objective function evaluations. This is done by optimizing the genetic algorithms parameters such as the number of times for which the various cross-overs and mutations should be applied.
Data Reduction for Reverse Engineering of Free Form Surfaces
Authors: Vafaeesefat Abbas , ElMaraghy Hoda A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The large amount of irregular and unstructured data collected by the laser scanner, often refered to as “cloud data”, presents a serious challenge in reverse engineering applications. Data reduction is essential for simplifying the process of creating surface models in order to remove redundancy, save space, and speed up the display and recognition tasks. In this paper, an algorithm which effectively reduces the data collected by laser scanners is presented. Data points are first organized into a large regular grid of data points which is then interpolated using the linear polynominal dual Kriging technique to form the initial surface. Next, the algorithm generates a subset of this grid (within the specified deviation) by identifying the knots that play important role in the Kriging interpolation. Finally, additional reduction is done by merging the rectangles of the grid where the tangent variation between two rectangles is insignificant. Since the final surface is usually represented by a set of connected rectangles, the surface segmentation and fitting procedures can be accomplished in a short period of time. Examples are used to show the efficiency and validity of the proposed algorithms.