bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting radiation pneumonitis after radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal cancer: a single-center retrospective analysis
Authors: Du Feng , Wang Wei , Li Yankang , Zhang Yingjie , Li Jianbin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Multimodality therapy for oesophageal cancer (EC) can cause a variety of treatment-related sequelae, especially pulmonary toxicities. The accurate prediction of radiation pneumonitis（RP）is essential to facilitate individualized radiation dosing that leads to maximized therapeutic gain. In this study, we performed a retrospective analysis to determine important factors that predict RP after radiotherapy (RT) for thoracic segment EC.Methods: Two hundred and forty-seven patients with locally advanced EC who received RT or chemoradiotherapy（CRT）were enrolled. The factors associated with RP in different grades were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses, such as basic pulmonary disease, smoking index(SI), three mainstream RT techniques, and dose-volume histogram(DVH). Results: The median RT dose was 60Gy, and the median follow-up time was 10 months. There were 118 cases of RP in 247 cases of EC patients who underwent RT or CRT. Among them, there were 54 cases of symptomatic pneumonitis (≥2 grade). The overall rate of symptomatic pneumonitis was 21.9%. In terms of RT techniques, there was no significant difference in the incidence of RP among three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) , and tomography (TOMO) (P>0.05). V5-V40 and MLD were associated with all grades of RP（P<0.05). Target volume, lung volume and their ratio were correlated with the incidence of RP（P<0.05). Among clinical factors, the highest risk of RP（≥3 grade）was in patients > 400 of SI. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is also related to the occurrence of RP (≥1 grade). In addition, V5 and V40 were an independent risk factor for RP grade≥1 (AUC 55.74%, 4.13%). MLD was an independent risk factor for RP grade≥2(AUC 11.91Gy). V5 was an independent risk factor for RP grade≥3 (AUC 57.60%). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the incidence of RP regardless of radiation therapy technique (3D-CRT, IMRT , and TOMO) and treatment-related factors. SI and COPD are closely related to the occurrence of the corresponding grades of RP. Several lung dosimetric parameters (V5, V40, MLD) may be the most effective predictive factor of RP.
A Novel Ferroptosis-related 6-Gene Signature for Overall Survival Prediction in Patients with Thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zhixing , Qiu Fudan , Shen Peilin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death (RCD) that plays a crucial role in the genesis and prognosis of tumor. Nevertheless, the relationship between ferroptosis and the prognosis of thyroid carcinoma (THCA) remains unclear and needs to be explored. Methods: By analyzing data from the THCA cohort in the TCGA database, ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with prognostic value were identified, which were used to establish a prognostic signature based on Lasso-penalized Cox regression analysis. Then, the model was testified with Kaplan-Meier survival, Cox regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses based on overall survival (OS). Finally, DEGs between the low-risk and high-risk groups were identified and used to conduct GO enrichment analysis, KEGG pathways analysis and immune infiltration analysis.Results: A 6-gene signature was constructed which including DPP4, GPX4, GSS, HMGCR, TFRC and PGD. The area under the curve (AUC) were 0.890 (1 year), 0.863 (2 years) and 0.883 (3 years) which validated the prominent predictive capacity of the model. Multivariate Cox regression certified the model as a prognostic-related independent predictor for OS.Conclusion: In this study, we established an innovative prognostic signature of 6 ferroptosis-related genes which can be as a prognostic-related independent predictor for OS in THCA, while the potential mechanisms was still unclear and needed further exploration.
Downregulation of circ-PSMB6 suppresses NSCLC progression and metastasis through sponging miR-532-5p and regulating EZH1 expression
Authors: Jin Mingming , Zhang Junqian , Wu Yue , Dai Yitian , Huang Gang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Accumulating reports showed how circular RNAs (circRNAs) act importantly during tumor progression via regulating gene expression, but regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. Current investigation clarified circRNA regulatory mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods: High-throughput sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) detection were utilized to explore circRNA expression in NSCLC tissues and cells. Our lab did statistical analyses and luciferase reporter analysis to validate correlations between circRNA, miRNA and gene expression. We transfected NSCLC cells with different vectors, and transwell migration, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) proliferation along with colony formation assays were performed. In vivo tumorigenesis and metastasis assays were utilized to validate the circRNA role in NSCLC.Results: Data illustrated that hsa_circ_0041595 (circ-PSMB6) incremented in NSCLC cell lines and tissues, while circ-PSMB6 downregulation suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter data verified that miR-532-5p and Enhancer Of Zeste 1 Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Subunit (EZH1) were circ-PSMB6 downstream targets in NSCLC cells. Overexpression of EZH1 or miR-532-5p inhibition reversed NSCLC cell invasion and proliferation after silencing circ-PSMB6. Further experiments discovered that circ-PSMB6 can influence cancer stem cell differentiation by regulating miR-532-5p/EZH1.Conclusions: Taken together, we found that circ-PSMB6 suppressed NSCLC metastasis and progression via sponging miR-532-5p and regulating EZH1 expression.
Primary Care Physicians Managing Postpartum Care - What Are Their Barriers and Enablers? A Qualitative Research Study.
Authors: Poon Zhimin , Lee Esther Cui Wei , Ang Li Ping , Tan Ngiap Chuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe postpartum period is redefined as 12 weeks following childbirth. Primary care physicians (PCP) often manage postpartum women in the community after uneventful childbirths. Postpartum care significantly impacts on the maternal and neonatal physical and mental health. However, evidence has revealed unmet needs in postpartum maternal care. AimThe study aimed to explore the issues faced by PCPs in managing postpartum mothers. MethodsFour focus group discussions and eleven in-depth interviews with twenty-nine PCPs were conducted in this qualitative research study in urban Singapore. PCPs of both gender and variable postgraduate training background were purposively enrolled. Audited transcripts were independently coded by two investigators. Thematic content analysis was performed using the codes to identify issues in the “clinician”, “mother”, “postpartum care” and “healthcare system & policy” domains stipulated in “The Generalists’ Wheel of Knowledge, Understanding and Inquiry” framework.FindingsPCPs’ personal attributes such as gender and knowledge influenced their postpartum care delivery. Prior training, child caring experience and access to resource materials contributed to their information mastery of postpartum care. Their professional relationship with local multi-ethic and multi-lingual Asian mothers was impacted by their mutual communication, language compatibility and understanding of local confinement practices. Consultation time constraint, awareness of community postnatal services and inadequate handover of care from the specialists hindered PCPs in the healthcare system.DiscussionPersonal, maternal and healthcare system barriers currently prevent PCPs from delivering optimal postpartum care.ConclusionInterventions to overcome the barriers to improve postpartum care will likely be multi-faceted across domains discussed.
Electricity-Producing Staphylococcus Epidermidis Counteracts Cutibacterium Acnes
Authors: Marito Shinta , Keshari Sunita , Traisaeng Supitchaya , My Do Thi Tra , Balasubramaniam Arun , Adi Prakoso , Hsieh Ming-Fa , Herr Deron Raymond , Huang Chun-Ming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) ATCC 12228 was incubated with 2% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8 Laurate to yield electricity which was measured by a voltage difference between electrodes. Production of electron was validated by a Ferrozine assay. The anti-Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) activity of electrogenic S. epidermidis was assessed in vitro and in vivo. The voltage change (~ 4.4 mV) reached a peak 60 minutes after pipetting S. epidermidis plus 2% PEG-8 Laurate onto anodes. The electricity produced by S. epidermidis caused significant growth attenuation and cell lysis of C. acnes. Intradermal injection of C. acnes and S. epidermidis plus PEG-8 Laurate into the mouse ear considerably suppressed the growth of C. acnes. This suppressive effect was noticeably reversed when cyclophilin A of S. epidermidis was inhibited, indicating the essential role of cyclophilin A in electricity production of S. epidermidis against C. acnes. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that skin S. epidermidis, in the presence of PEG-8 Laurate, can mediate cyclophilin A to elicit an electrical current that has anti-C. acnes effects. Electricity generated by S. epidermidis may confer immediate innate immunity in acne lesions to rein in the overgrowth of C. acnes at the onset of acne vulgaris.
Changes in abundance, diversity and metabolic footprint of soil nematode community along an elevation gradient under temperate vegetation cover in Banihal-Pass of Pir-Panjal mountain range
Authors: Afzal Shahid , Nesar Humira , Imran Zarrin , Ahmad Wasim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Despite enormous diversity, abundance and their role in ecosystem processes, little is known about how community structures of soil-inhabiting nematodes differ across elevation gradient. For this, soil nematode communities were investigated along an elevation gradient of 1000 to 2500 m asl across a temperate vegetation in Banihal-Pass of Pir-Panjal mountain range. We aimed to determine how the elevation gradient affect the nematode community structure, diversity and contribution to belowground carbon assimilation in the form of metabolic footprint. Our results showed that total nematode abundance and the abundance of different trophic groups (fungivores, herbivores and omnivores) declined with the increase of elevation. Shannon index, generic richness and evenness index indicated that nematode communities were more diverse at lower elevations and declined significantly with increase in elevation. Nematode community showed a pattern of decline in overall metabolic footprint with the increase of elevation. Nematode abundances and diversity proved to be more sensitive to elevation induced changes as more abundant and diverse nematode assemblage are supported at lower elevations. Overall it appears nematode abundance, diversity and contribution to belowground carbon cycling is stronger at lower elevations and gradually keep declining towards higher elevations under temperate vegetation cover in Banihal-pass of Pir-Panjal mountain range.
The Spectrum of Biopsy-Proven Glomerular Diseases in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Brazil
Authors: Thomé Gustavo Gomes , Bianchini Talissa , Bringhenti Rafael Nazario , Schaefer Pedro Guilherme , Barros Elvino José Guardão , Veronese Francisco Veríssimo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The prevalence and distribution of glomerular diseases differs between countries, and the indication to perform a kidney biopsy varies in each center. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of primary and secondary glomerulopathies based on histological diagnosis, and their correlation with demographic and clinical data were evaluated.
Methods
It was included in the study 1051 kidney biopsies retrospectively reviewed between the years 2000 to 2018. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of patients were assessed. The prevalence of primary glomerulonephritis (PG) and secondary glomerulopathies (SG), as well as tubulo-interstitial diseases (TID), hereditary nephropathies (HN) and other diagnosis, were described. The frequency of primary and secondary glomerulopathies was evaluated by age group, and their temporal variation in three time periods (2000–2005, 2006–2011, and 2012–2018) were reported.
Results
The prevalence of SG predominated (52.4%) followed by PG (29.6%), other diagnoses (10.7%), TID (6.6%) and HN (1.1%). In primary forms, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) prevailed (37.3%), followed by IgA nephropathy (IgAN, 24.4%), membranous nephropathy (MN, 18.6%) and minimal change disease (MCD, 8.4%). Lupus nephritis (LN, 41.1%) had the highest frequency in SG, and in sequence diabetic kidney disease (DKD, 17.8%), systemic vasculitis (SV, 10.2%) and secondary FSGS (2nd FSGS, 10%). Nephrotic syndrome was the most common clinical presentation in PG, and also in DRD and 2nd FSGS, whereas in IgAN and SV the nephritic syndrome was the main form of presentation. In the age group between 18–50 years, LN, FSGS and IgAN predominated, between 51–65 years the proportion of DKD and 2nd FSGS increased, and SV were more found in patients > 65 years. The temporal variation of PG in three time periods showed a statistically significant increase in IgAN (p = 0.001) and a reduction in FSGS (p < 0.001). In SG, there were a reduction in LN (p = 0.027) and increase in DKD (p < 0.001), with a tendency to decrease of 2nd FSGS (p = 0.053).
Conclusions
In this kidney biopsy registry, FSGS and IgAN were the prevalent diagnoses in PG, ​​and LN and DKD in SG. Nephrotic syndrome was the major indication for biopsy. When comparing the temporal variation of glomerulopathies, there was a reduction in FSGS and an increase in IgAN in PGs, and in SGs a reduction of LN with an increase in cases of DKD.
Adaptive Ecological Niche Migration does not Negate Extinction Susceptibility
Authors: Woodhouse Adam , Jackson Sophie , Jamieson Robert , Newton Robert , Sexton Philip , Aze Tracy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Extinction rates in the modern world are currently at their highest in 66 million years and are likely to increase with projections of future climate change. Our knowledge of modern-day extinction risk is largely limited to decadal-centennial terrestrial records, while data from the marine realm is typically applied to high-order (> 1 million year) timescales. At present, it is unclear whether fossil organisms with common ancestry and ecological niche exhibit consistent indicators of ecological stress prior to extinction. The marine microfossil record, specifically that of the planktonic foraminifera, allows for high-resolution analyses of large numbers of fossil individuals with incredibly well-established ecological and phylogenetic history. Here, analysis of the isochronous extinction of two members of the planktonic foraminiferal genus Dentoglobigerina shows disruptive selection differentially compounded by permanent ecological niche migration, “pre-extinction gigantism”, and photosymbiont bleaching prior to extinction. Despite shared ecological and phylogenetic affinity and timing of extinction, the marked discrepancies observed within the pre-extinction phenotypic responses are species-specific. These behaviours may provide insights into the nature of evolution and extinction in the open ocean and can potentially assist in the recognition and understanding of marine extinction risk in response to global climate change.
Could selected gut microorganisms be diagnostic biomarkers for autism spectrum disorders? Study based on a commercial microbiota test
Authors: Jendraszak Magdalena , Gałęcka Mirosława , Kotwicka Małgorzata , Regdos Aleksandra , Pazgrat-Patan Michalina , Andrusiewicz Mirosław 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The early-life modifications of intestinal microbiota may impact children's subsequent emotional and cognitive development. Stool samples of three groups of children (including probiotics and non-probiotics) were analyzed. In cases where probiotics were not used, Bifidobacterium spp. levels differed between the ASD and ALG. In healthy non-probiotics use children, strong positive correlations were observed in E. coli and Enterococcus spp. and Bacterioides and Klebsiella spp. In the non-probiotic use ASD group, a strongly negative correlation was observed in Lactobacillus spp., and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila levels. The presented results did not show conclusive evidence that changes in the level of selected intestinal microorganisms are symptomatic for children with ASD.
GPR18 Agonist Resolvin D2 Reduces the Early Brain Injury in A Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Multi-Mechanisms of Protection
Authors: Zhang Tongyu , Zuo Gang , Zhang Hongqi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Early brain injury (EBI) is the early phase of secondary complications resulted in poor prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). GPR18 is a G protein-coupled receptor which has been reported for neuroprotection in ischemia. In this study, we aimed to use resolvin D2 (RvD2) as an agonist to investigate the roles of GPR18 in different brain regions during EBI.

Methods

Location and time course of GPR18 after SAH were measured with immunofluorescence and western blot in endovascular perforation rat model. RvD2 was given one hour intranasally post-SAH, and SAH grades, neurobehavior and brain water content tests were performed after 24 hours. TUNEL and DHE staining were measured 24 hours post-SAH in cortex. Immunofluorescence, western blot and immunohistochemistry of proteins related to EBI in different brain regions were also performed.

Results

We found GPR18 mainly located in meninges, hypothalamus, cortex and white matter. And GPR18 expression increased in meninges and hypothalamus after EBI, however, it decreased in cortex and white matter. RvD2 could improve neurological scores and brain edema. Mast cell degranulation was attenuated, Chymase and Typtase expression decreased after RvD2 administration in meninges. RvD2 attenuated inflammation with increase of POMC, IL-10 and decrease of NPY, TNF-α in hypothalamus. In cortex, RvD2 alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis, protected blood-brain barrier. RvD2 also ameliorated white matter injury by MBP elevation and APP depression.

Conclusions

Current results emphasized the importance of GPR18 in the whole brain during EBI. Upregulation of GPR18 with RvD2 may improve neurological functions with multi-mechanisms in different brain regions.
Nomogram for predicting axillary lymph node pathological response in node-positive breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Wang Wenyan , Wang Xin , Wang Xiang , Wang Pilin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Pathological complete response (pCR) of axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) is frequently achieved in patients with clinically node-positive breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and ALN status is an important prognostic factor for breast cancer patients. Our goal is to develop a new predictive clinical model to assess the axillary lymph node pCR rate after NAC.
Methods
A retrospective series of 547 patients who had biopsy-proven positive ALNs at diagnosis and undergoing axillary lymph node dissection from 2007 to 2014 in National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. We analyzed the clinicopathologic features and developed a nomogram to predict the probability of ALN pCR. Univariate assessment was performed using a logistic regression model. A multivariate logistic regression stepwise model was used to generate a nomogram to predict ALN pCR in node positive patients Variables with P < 0.05 on multivariable analysis were included in the nomogram. The adjusted area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated to quantify the ability to rank patients by risk. Internal validation was estimated using 50–50 hold out validation method. Nomogram was validated externally with the prospective cohorts of 167 patients from 2016 to 2018 of Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and 75 patients from 2018 to 2019 of Beijing Tiantan hospital.
Results
In retrospective study, there were 172 (31.4%) patients achieved axillary pCR after NAC. Multivariate analysis indicated that clinical nodal (N) stage, estrogen receptor (ER) status and clinical response of primary tumor after NAC were significant independent predictors for axillary pCR (P < 0.05). The NAC nomogram was based on these three variables. In the internal validation of performance, the AUCs for the training and test sets were 0.719 and 0.753, respectively. The nomogram was validated in external cohorts with AUCs of 0.862 and 0.766, respectively, which demonstrated good discriminatory power in the external validation data sets.
Conclusion
We developed a nomogram to predict the likelihood of axillary pCR in node positive breast cancer patients after NAC. The predictive model performed well in multicenter prospective external validation. This practical tool could provide information to surgeons regarding whether to perform additional ALND after NAC.
Seismic Risk Assessment of Actively Controlled Buildings under Probable Mainshock-Aftershock Scenarios during their Lifetime
Authors: Khansefid Ali , Bakhshi Ali 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on a new comprehensive probabilistic approach for lifetime risk assessment of buildings equipped with active vibration control systems under future probable mainshock-aftershock scenarios. This procedure starts from the seismic hazard simulation, continues with the building performance evaluation, and ends with the seismic risk assessment. The procedure attempts to reflect the effects of major uncertainty sources existing in both building properties and earthquake scenarios using the Monte-Carlo simulation technique. The method is applied to steel moment-resisting frame buildings armed with the optimally designed active vibration control system (using the linear quadratic regulator algorithm). In each realization of the Monte-Carlo simulation, first, a random earthquake scenario containing probable future mainshock-aftershock sequences and their corresponding synthetic stochastic accelerograms are procreated. Next, the buildings are designed in two separate cases, with and without the presence of active vibration control systems. The former is designed based on the international design codes, while the latter properties are obtained via an advanced optimization method. In the last step, considering all generated samples, the loss curve of buildings with the active control system is developed for two separate cases: with or without taking aftershocks’ effects into account. The application of this method indicates that the active control system works well in decreasing the loss value (on average 66%) of buildings during their 50-year lifetime, especially in the more intensive earthquake scenarios. Additionally, it is shown that by neglecting the aftershocks, the life-cycle cost of building will be estimated tangibly (on average 70%) less than what it would be. Finally, it is observed that the non-structural acceleration-sensitive damages have a higher contribution in total building losses in uncontrolled structures in comparison with the actively controlled building by considering aftershocks.