bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An online survey to explore the awareness and acceptance of geothermal energy among an educated segment of the population in five European and American countries
Authors: Balzan-Alzate Daniel , López-Sánchez Jacqueline , Blessent Daniela , Raymond Jasmin , Dezayes Chrystel , Portela Juan Pablo , Restrepo Estefania Ramírez , Rendón David Moreno , Malo Michel , Goderniaux Pascal , Daniele Linda , Borgne Tanguy Le 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Advances in new technologies and the desire to achieve a sustainable and safe energy supply, enable communities to transition from conventional to renewable resources, such as geothermal energy. Perception and acceptance amongst different audiences have a high impact on the feasibility of energy projects, which is an important aspect to analyze. For this reason, this study focuses on describing the level of awareness and acceptance of deep geothermal energy within an educated segment of the population in five European and American countries (Canada, Colombia, Chile, Belgium, and France) at different stages of geothermal development. This study was conducted through an online survey, which was targeted to post-secondary students and professionals. Some of the most significant conclusions are: 1) there is a high degree of awareness of geothermal energy among the respondents in Chile and Canada, a medium level in Belgium and France, and a low one in Colombia; 2) there is a favorable acceptance of a geothermal project in each country, even when hydraulic stimulation is considered; 3) environmental aspects and community safety are the most important issues that must be addressed to support a pilot geothermal project.
Plastome Structure and Phylogenetic Relationships of Styracaceae (Ericales)
Authors: Cai Xiu-lian , Landis Jacob B. , Wang Hong-Xin , Wang Jian-Hua , Zhu Zhi-Xin , Wang Huafeng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The Styracaceae are a woody, dicotyledonous family containing 12 genera and an estimated 160 species. Recent studies have shown that Styrax and Sinojackia are monophyletic, Alniphyllum and Bruinsmia cluster into a clade with an approximately 20-kb inversion in the Large Single-Copy (LSC) region. Halesia and Pterostyrax are not supported as monophyletic, while Melliodendron and Changiostyrax always form sister clades . Perkinsiodendron and Changiostyrax were newly established genera of Styracaceae. However, the phylogenetic relationship of Styracaceae at the genera level needs further research.Results: We collected 28 complete plastomes of Styracaceae, including 12 sequences newly reported here and 16 publicly available complete plastome sequences, comprising 11 of the 12 genera of Styracaceae. All species possessed the typical quadripartite structure of angiosperm plastomes, and the sequence difference is small, except for the large 20-kb (14 genes) inversion region found in Alniphyllum and Bruinsmia. Seven coding sequences (rps4, rpl23, accD, rpoC1, psaA, rpoA and ndhH) were identified to possess positively selected sites. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on seven data sets (i.e., LSC, SSC, IR, Coding, Non-coding, combination of LSC+SSC and concatenation of LSC+SSC+one IR) produced similar topologies. In our analyses, all genera were strongly supported as monophyletic. Styrax was sister to the remaining genera. Alniphyllum and Bruinsmia form a clade. Halesia diptera does not cluster with Perkinsiodendron, while Perkinsiodendron and Rehderodendron form a clade. Changiostyrax is sister to a clade of Pterostyrax and Sinojackia,Conclusion: Our results clearly indicate that Pterostyrax is monophyletic, and the establishment of Perkinsiodendron and Changiostyrax are supported. A 20-kb reverse sequence was also found in the newly published sequence of Alniphyllum fortunei, which confirmed the existence of large inversion sequence in Alniphyllum and Bruinsmia.
Experimental and theoretical insights into the effects of pH on catalysis of bond-cleavage by the lignin peroxidase isozyme H8 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Authors: Pham Le Thanh Mai , Deng Kai , Northen Trent R , Singer Steven W , Adams Paul D , Simmons Blake A , Sale Kenneth L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background:Lignin peroxidases catalyze a variety of reactions, resulting in cleavage of both β-O-4’ ether bonds and C–C bonds in lignin, both of which are essential for depolymerizing lignin into fragments amendable to biological or chemical upgrading to valuable products. Studies of the specificity of lignin peroxidases to catalyze these various reactions and the role reaction conditions such as pH play have been limited by the lack of assays that allow quantification of specific bond-breaking events. The subsequent theoretical understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which pH modulates the activity of lignin peroxidases remains nascent. Here, we report on combined experimental and theoretical studies of the effect of pH on the enzyme-catalyzed cleavage of β-O-4’ ether bonds and of C–C bonds by a lignin peroxidase isozyme H8 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and an acid stabilized variant of the same enzyme.Results: Using a nanostructure initiator mass spectrometry assay that provides quantification of bond breaking in a phenolic model lignin dimer we found that catalysis of degradation of the dimer to products by an acid-stabilized variant of lignin peroxidase isozyme H8 increased from 38.4 % at pH 5 to 92.5% at pH 2.6. At pH 2.6, the observed product distribution resulted from 65.5% b-O-4’ ether bond cleavage, 27.0% Ca-C1 carbon bond cleavage and 3.6% Ca-oxidation as by-product. Using ab initio molecular dynamic simulations and climbing-image Nudge Elastic Band based transition state searches, we suggest the effect of lower pH is via protonation of aliphatic hydroxyl groups under which extremely acidic conditions resulted in lower energetic barriers for bond-cleavages, particularly β-O-4’ bonds. Conclusion: These coupled experimental results and theoretical explanations suggest pH is a key driving force for selective and efficient lignin peroxidase isozyme H8 catalyzed depolymerization of the phenolic lignin dimer and further suggest that engineering of lignin peroxidase isozyme H8 and other enzymes involved lignin depolymerization should include targeting stability at low pH.
Reprogrammable plasmonic topological insulators with ultrafast control
Authors: You Jian Wei , Ma Qian , Lan Zhihao , Xiao Qiang , Panoiu Nicolae , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Topological photonics has revolutionized our understanding of light propagation, providing a remarkably robust way to manipulate light. Despite the intensive research and rapid progress in this field, most of existing studies are focused on designing a static photonic structure to realize a specific topological functionality or phenomenon. Developing a dynamic and universal photonic topological platform to intelligently switch multiple topological functionalities at ultrafast speed is still a great challenge. Here we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate an ultrafast reprogrammable plasmonic topological insulator, where the topological propagation route can be dynamically changed at nanosecond-level switching time, which is more than 1×10^7 times faster than the current state-of-the-art, leading to an experimental demonstration of unprecedentedly ultrafast multi-channel optical analog-digital converter. This orders-of-magnitude improvement compared to previous works is due to the innovative use of ultrafast electric switches to implement the programmability of our plasmonic topological insulator, which enables us to precisely encode each unit cell by dynamically controlling its digital plasmonic states while keeping its geometry and material parameters unchanged. Our reprogrammable topological plasmonic platform can be fabricated by the widely-used printed circuit board technology, making it much more attractive and compatible with current highly integrated photoelectric systems. Furthermore, due to its flexible programmability, many existing photonic topological functionalities can be integrated into this versatile topological platform. Our work brings the current studies of photonic topological insulators to a digital and intelligent era, which could open new avenues towards the development of software-defined photoelectric elements in high-speed communications and computation-based intelligent devices with built-in topological protection.
Features of distance learning by the disciplines in the Earth Sciences direction at a technical university
Authors: Rapatskaya L. A. , Snetkov V. I. 
Published: January 2021

: Distance education has become widely used both in Russia and abroad in recent decades. A particularly powerful impetus to distance education technology development and spread was given by the coronavirus pandemic in 2019. To improve learning efficiency in the system of distance education, it was required to refine various and accessible forms of education. It was also necessary to make a wider use of new educational technologies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of the latest educational technologies in the distance learning of students in the disciplines of the Earth Sciences direction at a technical university, as well as to form a modern educational space in online learning and stimulate students' independent work based on the assignments supervised by teachers. The study described in this paper deals with the following application features of distance learning at Irkutsk National Research Technical University: the presentation specifics of the theory and the introduction forms of material for laboratory works, choice of the most effective teaching aids, methodology for the current and final control of students' knowledge. Irkutsk National Research Technical University has chosen Moodle from a wide variety of distance learning systems. The advantage of this system is the ability to perform laboratory, practical and course works, which is important for a technical university, also to conduct tests, the results of which can be monitored by both teachers and students in an electronic gradebook. The distance learning system turned out to be more multisided, but more laborious than in-person training. Moreover, it is also complicated by a number of technical problems. The distance learning process requires the establishment of a certain parity of interests, abilities and opportunities between the teaching (professor/lecturer) and the learning (student) parties. The distance learning system has a number of features that should be taken into account when introducing theoretical and lecture material, which requires a more rigorous selection of files or their conversion into less heavy ones, as well as conciseness and clarity of material presentation. The use of virtual laboratories for carrying out laboratory works, availability of distance technologies for training disabled students and corresponding students is gaining great importance. The research results imply that today distance learning is a necessary part of the educational system along with in-person (full-time) or correspondent (part-time) training and one of the main goals of modern distance learning is the ability to work with information and selfimprovement.
Logarithmic CFT at generic central charge: from Liouville theory to the $Q$-state Potts model
Authors: Nivesvivat Rongvoram , Ribault Sylvain 
Published: January 2021

Using derivatives of primary fields (null or not) with respect to the conformal dimension, we build infinite families of non-trivial logarithmic representations of the conformal algebra at generic central charge, with Jordan blocks of dimension 2 or 3. Each representation comes with one free parameter, which takes fixed values under assumptions on the existence of degenerate fields.
This parameter can be viewed as a simpler, normalization-independent redefinition of the logarithmic coupling.
We compute the corresponding non-chiral conformal blocks, and show that they appear in limits of Liouville theory four-point functions.As an application, we describe the logarithmic structures of the critical two-dimensional O(n) and Q-state Potts models at generic central charge. The validity of our description is demonstrated by semi-analytically bootstrapping four-point connectivities in the Q-state Potts model to arbitrary precision. Moreover, we provide numerical evidence for the Delfino-Viti conjecture for the three-point connectivity. Our results hold for generic values of Q in the complex plane and beyond.
Analytical tools for structuring the normalized cost base in terms of individual and small-scale production types
Authors: Мизиковский И.Е. 
Published: January 2021

Замедление темпов материального производства, усиление конкурентной борьбы, необходимость последовательной стабилизации финансового состояния предприятия, повышают актуальность существенного обновления и адаптации к сложившейся финансово-хозяйственной среде информационно-инструментальной базы менеджмента промышленного предприятия. Автором обосновано внедрение систем «Standard costing» и «Just-in-time в сочетании с позаказным методом, что создает условия для оптимального управления материальными ресурсами, обеспечения перманентной реализации режима экономии затрат, стратегии сокращения производственных потерь и снижения уровня технологических отходов.
Slowdown the rate of material production, increasing competition, the need for consistent stabilization of the financial condition of the enterprise, increase the relevance of a significant update and adaptation to the current financial and economic environment of the information and tool base of the management of an industrial enterprise. The author justifies the introduction of a system of «Standard costing» and «Just-in-time combined with the order method, which creates conditions for optimal control of material resources, ensuring the permanent implementation of austerity of cost reduction strategies of production losses and reduce process waste.
The development strategy of the engineering industry in Russia: technological aspect
Authors: Измайлов М.К. 
Published: January 2021

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью анализа перспектив машиностроительной отрасли России в контексте развертывания «цифровой экономики». Сегодня российская отрасль машиностроения находится в сильной зависимости от импортных технологий. Кроме этого, существует огромная внутренняя потребность в оборудовании, вызванная моральным и физическим устареванием основных фондов. Для выявления особенностей структуры и показателей российской отрасли машиностроения автором проводится статистический анализ, в том числе в сравнении со структурой экспорта других стран. В числе драйверов технологического развития были выявлены: стандартизация систем и платформ, внедрение инновационных бизнес-моделей, развитие инвестиционных возможностей и создание системы переобучения кадров.
The relevance of the study is due to the need to analyze the prospects of the engineering industry in Russia in the context of the deployment of the “digital economy”. At present, the Russian machine-building industry is heavily dependent on imported technologies. In addition, there is a huge internal need for equipment, caused by the moral and physical obsolescence of fixed assets. To identify the features of the structure and indicators of the Russian machine-building industry, the author carries out a statistical analysis, including in comparison with the export structure of other countries. Among the drivers of technological development were identified: standardization of systems and platforms, the introduction of innovative business models, the development of investment opportunities and the creation of a retraining system.
Change management business processes of high-tech machinery building product in the context of management and financial accounting tasks
Authors: Рогуленко Т.М. , Орлов Е.В. , Сомкин И.А. 
Published: January 2021

В работе рассмотрена проблема построения бизнес-процессов управления изменениями продукции машиностроения, отнесённой к перечню инновационной или высокотехнологичной, в частности такой её аспект как построение взаимодействия системы управленческого учёта предприятия со смежными подразделениями. В ходе исследования выявлены и проанализированы, типовые проблемы, возникающие в практике реализации инновационных проектов машиностроительной отрасли. Авторами предложена классификация проблем, возникающих при реализации процесса проведения изменений, и получен ряд выводов основанных, в том числе, на мнении практикующих специалистов отрасли.
Paper deals with the problem of building change management business processes of a product in machinery building industry classified as innovative or high-tech, in particular, such an aspect of building the interaction of enterprise's management accounting system with related departments. Study identified and analyzed typical problems that arise in the practice of implementing innovative projects in machinery building industry. The authors proposed a classification of problems, that arise during the implementation of change management process, and obtained a number of conclusions based, among other things, on the opinion of industry practitioners.
Features of the development of small entrepreneurship in the science city: innovative aspect
Authors: Барковская В.Е. 
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена анализу малого предпринимательства в наукограде Королёв, в частности выделены основные особенности его развития. Среди представителей малого бизнеса автором исследования проведен опрос с целью выявления проблем в развитии данной отрасли. По результатам опроса сформулированы предложения по развитию малого предпринимательства в наукограде Королёв в рамках инновационного аспекта.
The article is devoted to the analysis of small business in the science city of Korolev, in particular, the main features of its development are highlighted. Among small business representatives, the author of the study conducted a survey to identify problems in the development of this industry. According to the results of the survey, proposals were formulated for the development of small business in the science city of Korolev in the framework of the innovative aspect.
Small innovative business as a driver of development of science cities of Russia in new economic realities
Authors: Барковская В.Е. 
Published: January 2021

В статье исследуется состояние малого инновационного предпринимательства наукоградов во время мировой пандемии CoVid-19. Выявлены проблемы, с которыми малый бизнес столкнулся в новых экономических реалиях. Исследованы меры государственной поддержки малого бизнеса, которые необходимо реализовать для преодоления существующих вызовов. Автором предложены направления развития малого инновационного бизнеса в наукоградах на предстоящую перспективу.
The article examines the state of small innovative entrepreneurship of science cities during the global pandemic CoVid-19. The problems that small business faced in the new economic realities are identified. The measures of state support for small businesses, which must be implemented to overcome existing challenges, are examined. The author offers directions for the development of small innovative business in science cities for the coming future.
Management at the municipal level of ownerless engineering infrastructure facilities
Authors: Сыров А.Н. 
Published: January 2021

В статье рассматриваются и обоснованы предложения по повышению эффективности управления инженерной инфраструктурой, имеющим признаки бесхозяйного имущества, на уровне муниципального образования: снижение муниципальных издержек, вовлечение в хозяйственный оборот.
The article considers and substantiates proposals for improving the efficiency of management of engineering infrastructure that has signs of ownerless property at the municipal level: reducing municipal costs, involvement in economic turnover.
Professional income tax
Authors: Абакарова Р.Ш. 
Published: January 2021

В статье раскрываются механизмы налогообложения доходов самозанятых граждан.. Рассмотрен налог на профессиональный доход и влияние данного налога на граждан. Проанализирована ситуация в некоторых зарубежных странах, в которых есть похожий налог, а также сходства и отличия налога на профессиональный доход граждан в Российской Федерации от зарубежных стран. В статье затрагиваются проблемные вопросы самозанятости граждан, проводится анализ возможного перевода и найма сотрудников на новую налоговую систему. Приведены возможные варианты найма сотрудников в лице самозанятых граждан. Введение нового налога на профессиональный доход является попыткой государства создать условия для легального получения доходов самозанятыми, в том числе данная мера должна содействовать частичному решению проблемы теневого сектора экономики. Изучение налога имеет также большое значение для общества в плане распространения информации о новом налоговом режиме, его преимуществах и недостатках.
The article reveals the mechanisms for taxing the income of self-employed citizens. The tax on professional income and the impact of this tax on citizens are considered. The situation is analyzed in some foreign countries in which there is a similar tax, as well as the similarities and differences of the tax on professional income of citizens in the Russian Federation from foreign countries. The article touches upon the problematic issues of self-employment of citizens, analyzes the possible transfer and hiring of employees to the new tax system. Possible options for hiring employees in the person of self-employed citizens are given. New tax on professional income is the state’s attempt to create conditions for legal income generation of self-employed, including partial solution to the problem of underground sector of economy. Also study of tax has a great importance to the society in implication information about new tax treatment, it’s advantages and disadvantages.
Features of the tax system of Japan, as a state at the post-industrial stage of development
Authors: Косенкова Ю.Ю. 
Published: January 2021

В исследовании была сделана попытка выделить особенности налоговой системы Японии, как государства, находящегося на постиндустриальной стадии развития. В рамках проведенного анализа первоначально обосновывалось отнесение национальной экономики Японии к той или иной стадии экономического развития. Далее изучалась сложившаяся модель налоговой системы. В результате обобщения полученных результатов был сформирован перечень характеристик, присущих налоговой системе Японии, как государства с постиндустриальной экономикой. При исследовании учитывались особенности экономики Японии, определенные ее историческим развитием и региональным положением.
The study attempted to highlight the features of the tax system in Japan, as a state at a post-industrial stage of development. In the framework of the analysis, the classification of the Japanese economy to a certain stage of economic development was first substantiated. Next, the prevailing tax system model was studied. As a result of a generalization of the results, a list of characteristics of the tax system of Japan as a state with a post-industrial economy was formed. The study took into account the characteristics of the Japanese economy, determined by its historical development and regional position.