bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the corrosion behavior of copper tubes in formic acid and acetic acid environment
Authors: Liu Xiao , Li Haihong , Zhao Xiangjin , Chen Yan , Wang Songwei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCarboxylic acids with different carbon chains have different corrosion behaviors on copper tubes. In this paper, corrosion behavior and corrosion mechanisms of copper tubes in formic acid (HCOOH) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) were analyzed by vapor corrosion tests, electrochemical tests, contact angle examination, optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The corrosion process of copper tubes in the HCOOH environment is more complex than in the CH3COOH environment and HCOOH is easy to cause “ant nest” corrosion on copper tubes. The corrosion rate is faster and the surface of the copper tube is more easily corroded in the CH3COOH environment due to the formation of unstable and loose corrosion products, Cu(OH)(CH3COO)2·2H2O. The results of the contact angle examination showed that the contact angles of HCOOH and CH3COOH on copper tube surface were 25° and 9°, respectively, which means that CH3COOH is more likely to be absorbed by the surface of the copper tube evenly. Differences in the wettability of these two carboxylic acids with copper tubes are the main reason for the different corrosion phenomena. The corrosion mechanisms of copper tubes in carboxylic acid are also discussed.
Predicting local failure of brain metastases after stereotactic radiosurgery with radiomics on planning MR images and dose maps
Authors: Wang Hesheng , Xue Jinyu , Qu Tanxia , Bernstein Kenneth , Chen Ting , Barbee David , Silverman Joshua S. , Kondziolka Douglas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeStereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has become an important modality in the treatment of brain metastases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of radiomic features from planning magnetic resonance (MR) images and dose maps to predict local failure after SRS for brain metastases.Materials/MethodsTwenty‐eight patients who received Gamma Knife (GK) radiosurgery for brain metastases were retrospectively reviewed in this IRB‐approved study. 179 irradiated tumors included 42 that locally failed within one‐year follow‐up. Using SRS tumor volumes, radiomic features were calculated on T1‐weighted contrast‐enhanced MR images acquired for treatment planning and planned dose maps. 125 radiomic features regarding tumor shape, dose distribution, MR intensities and textures were extracted for each tumor. Logistic regression with automatic feature selection was built to predict tumor progression from local control after SRS. Feature selection and model evaluation using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed in a nested cross validation (CV) scheme. The associations between selected radiomic features and treatment outcomes were statistically assessed by univariate analysis.ResultsThe logistic model with feature selection achieved ROC AUC of 0.82 ± 0.09 on 5‐fold CV, providing 83% sensitivity and 70% specificity for predicting local failure. A total of 10 radiomic features including 1 shape feature, 6 MR images and 3 dose distribution features were selected. These features were significantly associated with treatment outcomes (p < 0.05). The model was validated on independent holdout data with an AUC of 0.78.ConclusionsRadiomic features from planning MR images and dose maps provided prognostic information in SRS for brain metastases. A model built on the radiomic features shows promise for early prediction of tumor local failure after treatment, potentially aiding in personalized care for brain metastases.
Failure of Phenotypic Markers to Accurately Identify Black Bass Species and Associated Hybrids in the Mobile River Basin, Alabama
Authors: Lewis Matthew R. , Silliman Katherine E. , Beck Benjamin , Sammons Steven M. , Peatman Eric J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hybridization among the black basses Micropterus spp. occurs due to weak postzygotic reproductive barriers and anthropogenic factors, such as habitat alteration. Introduction of previously allopatric species can also result in hybrid swarms and, in some cases, extirpation of native species. Introgressive hybridization is a major conservation concern for the more range-restricted black basses, which underscores the need for accurate identification of hybrids that often have cryptic phenotypes. To that end, we collected 1,723 fish from four river systems in the Mobile River basin, Alabama, to compare phenotypic identification in the field based on morphology with genotype determined from single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis using diagnostic markers for black basses. Results indicated that phenotypic identification among these cryptic hybrids was only 11% accurate. Only 4% of the fish collected were identified as hybrids in the field, whereas genotype analysis classified 22% of the fish as hybrids. The majority of those misidentified in the field were hybrids between Alabama Bass M. henshalli and Redeye Bass M. coosae or between those species and another black bass species. Hybrid individuals composed 5–38% of the total number of fish collected from the four river systems, but 28–68% were misidentified in each river system. These results underscore the need for genetic tools to augment classic field surveys of the black basses, as cryptic hybridization may lead to errant management decisions based on inaccurate species distribution assessments.
Toward a Treatment Sequencing Strategy: A Systematic Review of Treatment Regimens in Advanced Gastric Cancer/Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Catenacci Daniel V. , Chao Joseph , Muro Kei , Al-Batran Salah Eddin , Klempner Samuel J. , Wainberg Zev A. , Shah Manish A. , Rha Sun Young , Ohtsu Atsushi , Liepa Astra M. , Knoderer Holly , Chatterjee Anindya , Van Cutsem Eric 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Platinum and fluoropyrimidine combinations typically comprise first-line (1L) therapy in advanced gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (G/GEA), although controversy exists regarding the use of 5doublet versus triplet cytotoxic regimens. Historically, second-line (2L) and third-line or later (3L+) therapy has been fragmented. Recent trials have increased the need for optimal treatment sequencing in advanced G/GEA.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a systematic search of peer-reviewed manuscripts of randomized clinical trials examining 1L, 2L, and 3L+ therapy for advanced G/GEA published from 2009 through November 19, 2019. When available, overall survival, progression-free survival, time to progression, overall response rate, and toxicity were extracted from each and compared descriptively.

Results
In 1L therapy, chemotherapy triplets demonstrated variable efficacy improvements with invariable increased toxicity compared with platinum/fluoropyrimidine doublets. Currently, the only published report of positive outcomes using biologics in 1L describes adding trastuzumab in HER2-overexpressing advanced G/GEA. In 2L, doublet chemotherapy regimens are not uniformly more efficacious than single-agent taxanes or irinotecan, and ramucirumab has demonstrated improved outcomes both as monotherapy and in combination.

Conclusion
For advanced G/GEA, review of trial results from 2009–2019 support 1L therapy with platinum and fluoropyrimidine and sequencing with taxanes or irinotecan in combination with biologics as effective 2L options. Escalating to a triplet may add some efficacy at the expense of added toxicity.

Implications for Practice
The rapidly changing treatment landscape for advanced gastric cancer includes increasing options for refractory disease. With multiple first-line platinum-based regimens, identification of those with the best benefit-to-risk ratio may provide guidance on treatment sequencing strategies. This article presents findings from the published literature of randomized controlled trials that included a first-line platinum/fluoropyrimidine combination and, for second-line trials, patients with platinum/fluoropyrimidine-refractory disease. This guiding summary could be a tool for clinicians to identify the optimal first-line regimen(s) followed by a strategy for subsequent regimens.
Greater art classification does not necessarily predict better liking: Evidence from graffiti and other visual arts
Authors: Szubielska Magdalena , Ho Robbie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe tested the relationship between art classification and liking of the graffiti murals among naive viewers (N = 60 college students). Graffiti murals were classified as art to a lesser extent than both abstract and representational paintings. Surprisingly, graffiti murals were only liked less than representational but not abstract paintings. Thus, art classification might not necessarily predict liking.
Rezūm for retention—retrospective review of water vaporization therapy in the management of urinary retention in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Bassily Daniel , Wong Vincent , Phillips John L , Fraiman Mitchell , Bauer Ross , Dixon Christopher M , Wong Nathan C 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveRezūm vapor ablation is a minimally invasive treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) that uses injections of sterile water vapor directly into the prostate for tissue ablation. Although Rezūm is currently indicated for use in men with prostate sizes ≥30 and ≤80 ml, it is unclear how effective Rezūm is for men in urinary retention. We sought to determine whether Rezūm is effective in the treatment of catheter‐dependent urinary retention secondary to BPH.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted on consecutive patients who presented for urinary retention and subsequently treated with Rezūm. We evaluated procedural details and examined variables pre‐ and post‐Rezūm (at 6 months) including International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), IPSS quality of life (IPSS–QOL), maximum flow (Qmax), post void residual volume (PVR), prostate specific antigen, rate of retention, and use of alpha blockers and 5‐alpha reductase inhibitor (5ARI).ResultsOf the 49 patients included in this study, median age of was 73 years, median prostate volume was 73cc (Interquartile range [IQR]: 50, 103) and a median lobe was present in 80% of patients. All patients were in urinary retention before treatment with a median PVR of 900 ml (IQR: 566, 1146). Following Rezum, IPSS (17 pre‐Rezūm, 4 post‐Rezūm) and IPSS–QOL (4 pre‐Rezūm, 1 post‐Rezūm) both improved at 6 months (p < 0.01). Qmax increased from 3 to 6 ml/s (p = 0.03) and PVR decreased from 900 to 78 ml (p < 0.01). Only 17/38 patients taking alpha‐blockers and 7/15 patients on 5ARIs continued therapy at 6 months following Rezūm (p < 0.01). Of the 49 patients treated, 10 (20.4%) remained in catheter dependent urinary retention following the procedure, and 6 remained in retention at 6 months (12.2%) even after further surgical therapies for BPH (p < 0.01).ConclusionRezūm is a safe and effective therapy for treating catheter dependent urinary retention in patients with BPH, including those with median lobes. As a minimally invasive therapy, it is a promising option in patient, particularly those who are not suitable for prolonged anesthesia.
Tropical cyclone life cycle in a three‐dimensional numerical simulation
Authors: Smith Roger K. , Kilroy Gerard , Montgomery M. T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn idealized, three‐dimensional, numerical simulation of tropical cyclone evolution in a quiescent environment on an f‐plane is used to explore aspects of the cyclone's life cycle in the context of the rotating‐convection paradigm. In the 20‐day simulation, the vortex undergoes a life cycle including a gestation period culminating in genesis, a rapid intensification phase, a mature phase, a transient decay and re‐intensification phase, a second mature phase and a rapid decay phase. During much of the life cycle, the flow evolution is highly asymmetric, although important aspects of it can be understood within an azimuthally averaged framework, central to which are a boundary‐layer control mechanism and a new ventilation diagnostic. The boundary‐layer control mechanism provides an explanation for the gradual expansion of the inner core of the vortex. The ventilation diagnostic characterizes the ability of deep convection within a given radius to evacuate the mass of air ascending out of the boundary layer within that radius. The transient decay and re‐intensification phase is not associated with an eyewall replacement cycle, but rather with a hitherto undescribed process in which the eyewall becomes fragmented as a rainband complex forms beyond it. This process is interpreted as an interplay between the boundary layer and ventilation. The final rapid decay of the vortex results from the ever increasing difficulty of deep convection to ventilate the air exiting the boundary layer. Any unventilated air flows radially outwards in the lower troposphere and leads to spin‐down because of the approximate conservation of mean absolute angular momentum. If found in real cyclones, such transience or final decay might be erroneously attributed to ambient vertical wind shear. The results support the hypothesis that, even in a quiescent environment, isolated tropical cyclone vortices are intrinsically transient and never reach a globally steady state.
Benralizumab use in chronic eosinophilic pneumonia with eosinophilic bronchiolitis and chronic airway infection
Authors: Takano Tomotsugu , Inutsuka Yuh , Nakamura Satoshi , Ando Nobuhisa , Komori Masashi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) is a rare disorder characterized by marked accumulation of eosinophils in lung tissues and/or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Patients with CEP usually respond well to corticosteroids. However, more than half of these patients relapse while tapering and/or after discontinuing corticosteroids. Long‐term adverse effects of corticosteroids can be serious. We report a case of comorbid CEP, severe bronchial asthma, eosinophilic bronchiolitis, and chronic airway infection. Corticosteroid treatment induced remission of the CEP, but recurrent exacerbation of the chronic airway infection occurred. Thus, she was treated with benralizumab, a monoclonal antibody against the alpha‐chain of interleukin‐5 receptor. After the initiation of benralizumab, the steroid was stopped successfully and her CEP, asthma, and airway infection remained well controlled. Micronodular nodules on high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) reflecting bronchiolitis were also improved with benralizumab treatment. Benralizumab may be a treatment option for patients not tolerating steroids.
Blood loss and transfusion risk in robotic‐assisted knee arthroplasty: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Khan Hasaan , Dhillon Kieran , Mahapatra Piyush , Popat Ravi , Zakieh Omar , Kim Woo Jae , Nathwani Dinesh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare total blood loss and the risk of receiving a blood transfusion in robotic‐assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) against conventional jig‐based techniques.MethodsRobotic TKA (n = 50) and UKA (n = 50) patients were matched to contemporary controls for TKA (n = 50) and UKA (n = 50) and retrospectively analysed.ResultsRobotic TKA patients experienced 23.7% less blood loss compared to conventional TKA patients (911.0 ml vs 1193.7 ml, p < 0.01), and were associated with an 83% relative risk reduction of receiving a transfusion (2% of patients vs 12%, p = 0.02). Robotic UKA patients did not demonstrate less blood loss compared to corresponding controls (821.7 ml vs 854.7 ml, p = 0.69). Both UKA groups received no transfusions.ConclusionsRobotic surgical systems in TKA reduces blood loss and lowers the risk of requiring a blood transfusion. In UKA, robotic‐assisted arthroplasty did not reduce blood loss compared to conventional arthroplasty.
Neurosurgical performance between experts and trainees: Evidence from drilling task
Authors: Chainey Jonathan , O'Kelly Cian J. , Kim Michael J. , Zheng Bin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLumbar laminectomy is a common neurosurgery that requires precise manipulation of power drills. We examined the fine movement controls of novice neurosurgeons in drilling tasks and compared its accuracy to expert surgeons' performance.MethodsFour experts and three novice neurosurgeons performed a lumbar laminectomy on a three‐dimensional printed spine model. Scene video and surgeons' eye movements were recorded. Independent samplet‐Tests were conducted on the number of jump, total fixation durations, pre‐jump fixation durations, post‐jump fixation durations and jump distances over novice and expert surgeons.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were recorded in terms of total fixations and pre‐jump fixation durations. However, novices had more jumping events, greater jump distances and longer post‐jump fixation durations when compared to expert neurosurgeons.ConclusionDifferences in movement accuracy and eye measures were found between expert and novice neurosurgeons during a simulated microscopic lumbar laminectomy. A more comprehensive understanding of surgeon's fine movement control mechanism and eye–hand coordination in microsurgery is essential for us before building an enhanced training protocol for surgical residents in neurosurgery.
Experimental investigation of CHS T/Y‐joints fabricated from high‐strength steel
Authors: Kim Seon‐Hu , Lee Cheol‐Ho 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, an experimental program on welded hollow section joints fabricated from high‐strength steel is presented. The experimental program tested a total of six T or Y cold‐formed circular hollow section (CHS) joints under brace axial compression. One mild steel with a nominal yield stress of 355 MPa and two high‐strength steels with nominal yield stresses of 460 and 650 MPa were included. The test results and existing test database were used to evaluate the relevant design provisions for high‐strength steel joints. The material factor – used in the current standards to reduce the design resistance of high‐strength steel tubular joints – was found to be adequate for CHS T/Y‐joints with steel grades up to 700 MPa. The chord stress effect resulting from a particular test setup needs to be considered when evaluating the experimental joint strength. The experimental load‐indentation relationships were analysed to appraise the behaviour of high‐strength steel CHS T/Y‐joints from the perspectives of ductility and serviceability. The ductility of high‐strength steel T/Y‐joints is slightly lower than that of mild steel joints. T/Y‐joints show relatively lower ductility and serviceability performance compared to CHS X‐joint counterparts that comprise identical members. Local strain distributions in tested T/Y‐joints of different steel grades were analysed to identify the location and intensity of strain concentration. The possibility of fracture failure near the weld seam of the cold‐formed chord member is discussed.
Polymer‐based EMI shielding composites with 3D conductive networks: A mini‐review
Authors: Wang Lei , Ma Zhonglei , Zhang Yali , Chen Lixin , Cao Dapeng , Gu Junwei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigh‐frequency electromagnetic waves and electronic products can bring great convenience to people's life, but lead to a series of electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems, such as great potential dangers to the normal operation of electronic components and human safety. Therefore, the research of EMI shielding materials has attracted extensive attention by the scholars. Among them, polymer‐based EMI shielding materials with light weight, high specific strength, and stable properties have become the current mainstream. The construction of 3D conductive networks has proved to be an effective method for the preparation of polymer‐based EMI shielding materials with excellent shielding effectiveness (SE). In this paper, the shielding mechanism of polymer‐based EMI shielding materials with 3D conductive networks is briefly introduced, with emphasis on the preparation methods and latest research progress of polymer‐based EMI shielding materials with different 3D conductive networks. The key scientific and technical problems to be solved in the field of polymer‐based EMI shielding materials are also put forward. Finally, the development trend and application prospects of polymer‐based EMI shielding materials are prospected.
Impact of thyroid disorders on the incidence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Germany
Authors: Labenz Christian , Kostev Karel , Armandi Angelo , Galle Peter R. , Schattenberg Jörn M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies investigating a potential association between hypothyroidism and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) showed conflicting results and large‐scale population‐based data from Germany on this topic are currently missing.ObjectiveIt was the aim of this analysis to investigate the impact of thyroid gland disorders on the prevalence of NAFLD in Germany.MethodsIn this case‐control study, using the German disease Analyzer database (IQVIA), NAFLD patients were matched to patients without NAFLD by age, sex, index year, treating physician, diabetes mellitus type II, and obesity. The main outcome of the study was an association between thyroid gland disorders (hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis) and incident NAFLD and was evaluated using logistic regression analyses.Results57,483 patients with NAFLD were matched to 57,483 patients without liver disease. Mean age of the cohort was 60.3 years (±14.1) and 52.3% were men. In regression analyses, hypothyroidism (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.10 ‐ 1.24, p < 0.001) as well as autoimmune thyroiditis (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.35–1.73, p < 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of NAFLD. In contrast, hyperthyroidism was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77–0.94, p < 0.001). The effect of hypothyroidism on the prevalence of NAFLD remained significant across men (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.15–1.48) as well as women (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.05–1.21).ConclusionHypothyroidism seems to be a risk factor for incident NAFLD.
Effects of hydroethanolic extracts of Terminalia chebula and Thymbra spicata on ram fresh semen under normal and oxidative stress conditions
Authors: Mohammadi Tayebeh , Soltani Leila 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate protective effects of hydroethanolic extracts of Terminalia chebula and Thymbra spicata on viability, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and DNA integrity of ram fresh semen under normal and oxidative stress (OS) conditions. Antioxidant activities of different concentrations of Terminalia chebula and Thymbra spicata extracts were evaluated with DPPH assay. Semen samples were taken from three fertile adult rams. After diluting semen with Tris‐base extender, different concentrations of Terminalia chebula and Thymbra spicata (30, 300, and 3000 μg/ml) extracts were used under normal and induced OS conditions. The group not receiving any supplements was considered as control group. A total of 50 μM hydrogen peroxide was used to induce OS. MTT solution was added to each of treatment groups which were kept in an incubator at 37°C for 2 h. After incubation, readings were obtained by ELISA reader. DNA integrity and LPO were determined with acridine orange (AO) staining and malondialdehyde (MDA) assay. Higher concentrations of Terminalia chebula and Thymbra spicata extracts preserved viability and DNA integrity while reducing MDA concentrations compared to other treatment groups. Also, under induced OS, higher concentrations of both extracts reduced detrimental effects of H2O2. In conclusion, it seems that addition of Terminalia chebula and Thymbra spicata extracts can reduce induced OS in spermatozoa.