bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VIEWDEX 3.0—RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF A SOFTWARE APPLICATION FACILITATING ASSESSMENT OF IMAGE QUALITY AND OBSERVER PERFORMANCE
Authors: Svalkvist Angelica , Svensson Sune , Hagberg Tommy , Båth Magnus 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
ViewDEX (Viewer for Digital Evaluation of X-ray Images) is an image viewer compatible with Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) that has been especially designed to facilitate image perception and observer performance studies within medical imaging. The software was first released in 2004 and since then a continuous development has been ongoing. One of the major drawbacks of previous versions of ViewDEX has been that they have lacked functionality enabling the possibility to evaluate multiple images and/or image stacks simultaneously. This functionality is especially requested by researchers working with modalities, where an image acquisition can result in multiple image stacks (e.g. axial, coronal and sagittal reformations in computed tomography). In ViewDEX 3.0 this functionality has been added and it is now possible to perform image evaluations of multiple images and/or image stacks simultaneously, by using multiple monitors and/or multiple image canvases in monitors. Additionally, some of the previously available functionality has been updated and improved. This paper describes the recent developments of ViewDEX 3.0.
Selling a Resume and Buying a Job: Stratification of Gender and Occupation by States and Brokers in International Migration from Indonesia
Authors: Chang Andy Scott 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study examines how state and commercial actors construct gender, occupation, and nationality hierarchies in guest worker programs by comparing the migratory procedures for female domestic workers and male industrial operators from Indonesia. Based on 19 months of multi-sited ethnography and 86 interviews in Indonesia, Taiwan, and Singapore, I introduce the notion of multilateralism to theorize the stratification of global migration processes. In multilateral labor markets, governments, brokers, employers, and migrants in multiple countries contend for labor and employment. The homecare market is governed under the rubric of “selling a resume,” whereby Indonesian regulators and labor suppliers pass on recruitment costs to employers, in a context where migrant domestics possess myriad destination options due to their reputation fostered by a government-organized credentialing program. By contrast, Indonesian factory workers expend upfront payment to “buy a job” from destination brokers amid rivalry with migrants of other nationalities. The Indonesian state’s inattention to elevating industrial migrants’ standing through skill formation has compelled private recruiters to vie for jobs by extracting brokerage fees and developing a patchwork of selection mechanisms. This article finds that social actors’ capacity to negotiate the terms of labor exchange is contingent on their structural locations within a global hierarchy of competing nation-states.
Dietary Sphingomyelin Attenuates Adipose Inflammation and Skeletal Muscle Lipid Accumulation in C57BL/6J Mice Fed an Obesogenic Diet
Authors: Norris Gregory H , Jiang Christina , Porter Caitlin M , Millar Courtney L. , Blesso Christopher N 
Published: January 2021

Obesity continues to be endemic in the United States. Obesity leads to adipocyte enlargement and inflammation which manifests in metabolic dysfunction of the skeletal muscle and liver. Pharmacologically inhibiting lipid absorption has proven effective in managing obesity related weight gain and metabolic dysfunction. However, the current therapies are not without side effects and thus alternative treatments could prove beneficial. Sphingomyelin (SM) is a sphingolipid found in animal products, including milk and eggs. Dietary SM ingestion has been shown to reduce cholesterol and triglyceride absorption in rodents. The length of SM's amide‐linked fatty acid chain varies depending on the source of SM; therefore, SM from different sources may have different bioactivities. In the current study, C57BL/6J mice (N = 52) were divided into 4 diet groups and fed for 10 weeks either a low fat control diet (10% kcal from fat) (LFD, n = 10), an obesogenic high fat, high cholesterol diet (60% kcal as fat, 0.15% added cholesterol) (HFD, n = 14), or the HFD supplemented with either 0.1% (w/w) egg‐derived SM (HFESM, n = 14) or bovine milk‐derived SM (HFMSM, n = 14). The mice were examined for adipose inflammation and muscle lipid metabolism. HFESM had significantly lower body weight, less epididymal adipose crown‐like structures and lower triglyceride accumulation in the skeletal muscle compared to HFD. We also observed reductions in the mRNA expression of adipose inflammatory genes and skeletal muscle β‐oxidation genes in both the HFESM and HFMSM groups compared to HFD. The current data suggests SM may be an effective means of attenuating some of the metabolic dysfunction that accompanies obesity in high fat diet‐induced obese mice. More research is warranted to elucidate the mechanism of how dietary SM achieves these effects.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the University of Connecticut.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic and national lockdown in an orthopaedic and traumatology department—a comparison with the homologous period of 2019
Authors: Ribau Ana , Vale João , Xará-Leite Francisco , Rodrigues-Pinto Ricardo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background:
The coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic has forced health systems to undergo dynamic changes. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the pre-lockdown and of the lockdown period on the surgical activity of a Portuguese Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department and to compare it with the homologous period of 2019.

Methods:
The surgical activity between March 2 and May 2, 2020 and that of the homologous period of 2019 were analyzed and compared. Additionally, the impact of national and institutional measures was analyzed.

Results:
There was a decrease in elective surgeries, from 587 to 100. In 2020, 59.3% of all surgeries were urgent and 48.4% were trauma whereas in 2019 there were 25.5% urgent and 23.0% trauma surgeries (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). There was no difference in the mean of proximal hip fractures operated per week (P = .310), even when analyzing only the lockdown period (P = .102). However, proximal hip fractures corresponded to significantly higher proportion of surgeries in 2020 (P = .04). Hand and tendon injuries significantly reduced in 2020, as were sports-related trauma surgeries. Mean number of days until surgery was significantly lower in 2020 (2020:1.6 ± 2.1, 2019: 2.2 ± 2.5, P = .012).

Conclusion:
Governmental and institutional measures had high impact on the production and on the epidemiology of trauma. While resumption of elective surgery is needed, lessons from these measures may help in the response to a possible second wave.
Obesity and gut microbiome: review of potential role of probiotics
Authors: Schütz Francine , Figueiredo-Braga Margarida , Barata Pedro , Cruz-Martins Natália 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Obesity prevalence has increased worldwide over the years, with pandemic levels being already reached, besides to its huge economic and health impacts. The multifactorial pathogenesis of obesity partly explains the important challenge posed to health policy regarding its clinical treatment, with increasing evidences have shown that obesity and metabolic disturbances are closely linked to variations in gut microbiota (GM) function and composition. Indeed, GM play a key contribution in energy metabolism, with GM modulation being increasingly linked to changes in body weight and body mass index. In such matter, probiotics have been proposed as a promising new therapeutic strategy to treat/prevent obesity. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview on the clinical impact and effectiveness of probiotics in obese individuals.
And Then There Were Three: Effects of Pretransplant Dialysis on Multiorgan Transplantation
Authors: Cheng Xingxing S. , Han Jialin , Stedman Margaret R. , Chertow Glenn M. , Tan Jane C. 
Published: January 2021

Background.
Simultaneous liver-kidney (SLK) and simultaneous heart-kidney (SHK) transplantation currently utilize 6% of deceased donor kidneys in the United States. To what extent residual kidney function accounts for apparent kidney allograft survival is unknown.

Methods.
We examined all adult SLK and SHK transplants in the United States during 1995–2014. We considered the duration of dialysis preceding SLK or SHK (≥90 d, 1–89 d, or none) as a proxy of residual kidney function. We used multinomial logistic regression to estimate the difference in the adjusted likelihood of 6- and 12-month apparent kidney allograft failure between the no dialysis versus ≥90 days dialysis groups.

Results.
Of 4875 SLK and 848 SHK recipients, 1775 (36%) SLK and 449 (53%) SHK recipients received no dialysis before transplant. The likelihood of apparent kidney allograft failure was 1%–3% lower at 12 months in SLK and SHK recipients who did not require pretransplant dialysis relative to recipients who required ≥90 days of pretransplant dialysis. Among 3978 SLK recipients who survived to 1 year, no pretransplant dialysis was associated with a lower risk of apparent kidney allograft failure over a median follow-up of 5.7 years (adjusted hazard ratio 0.73 [0.55–0.96]).

Conclusions.
Patients with residual kidney function at the time of multiorgan transplantation are less likely to have apparent failure of the kidney allograft. Whether residual kidney function facilitates function of the allograft or whether some SLK and SHK recipients have 3 functional kidneys is unknown. Sustained kidney function after SLK and SHK transplants does not necessarily indicate successful MOT.
Aminooxadiazolyl kainic acid reveals that kainic acid receptors contribute to astrocytoma glutamate signaling
Authors: Tabatabaee Mitra Sadat , Tian Zhenlin , Gibon Julien , Menard Frederic 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThe excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate triggers a Ca2+rise and the extension of processes in astrocytes. Our results suggest that kainic acid receptors (KAR) can independently initiate glutamate signaling in astrocytoma U118-MG cells. The natural product kainic acid triggered glioexcitablity in cells and was inhibited by the KAR antagonist CNQX, but its activity was lower than glutamate on KARs. We created a new heteroaryl kainoid based on rational design: aminooxadiazolyl kainic acid1(AODKA). AODKA induced a larger calcium influx and a faster processes extension than kainic acid in U118-MG cells. AODKA is a new tool to study KAR activity in the nervous system.Abstract Figure
Cyclooxygenase-dependent mechanisms mediate in part the anti-dilatory effects of perivascular adipose tissue in uterine arteries from pregnant rats
Authors: Osikoya Oluwatobiloba , Cushen Spencer C. , Goulopoulou Styliani 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUterine perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) contributes to uterine blood flow regulation in pregnancy, at least in part, due to its effects on uterine artery reactivity. Here, we investigated the effects of uterine PVAT on endothelium-dependent pathways involved in relaxation of main uterine arteries. We hypothesized that uterine PVAT modulates the balance between the contribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)- and cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent pathways to acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation in isolated uterine arteries. Concentration-response curves to ACh (1 nM – 30 µM) were performed on main uterine arteries from pregnant and non-pregnant rats. Arteries were exposed to Krebs-Henseleit solution (control) or PVAT-conditioned media (PVATmedia) in the presence of the following inhibitors: L-NAME (100 µM), indomethacin (COX inhibitor, 10 µM), SC560 (selective COX-1 inhibitor, 1 µM), NS398 (selective COX-2 inhibitor, 1 µM), SQ 29,548 (selective thromboxane receptor (TP) inhibitor, 1 µM). Indomethacin suppressed ACh-induced relaxation in control uterine arteries from pregnant rats (p<0.0001) but not in non-pregnant rats (p>1.0). In arteries incubated with PVATmedia, the presence of indomethacin increased ACh-induced relaxation, reversing the anti-dilatory effect of PVATmedia. NOS inhibition reduced ACh-induced relaxation in uterine arteries from pregnant rats, and exposure to PVATmedia did not change this effect. Selective inhibition of COX-1 but not COX-2 suppressed relaxation responses to ACh in control arteries. The presence of PVATmedia abolished the effect COX-1 inhibition. Incubation of uterine arteries from pregnant rats with PVATmedia increased production of thromboxane B2(TxB2, p=0.01). TP inhibition did not have any effect on the anti-dilatory properties of PVATmedia. In conclusion, uterine PVAT releases transferable factors that reduce relaxation responses to ACh via a COX-dependent mechanism in isolated uterine arteries from pregnant rats.
Dengue virus 2 capsid protein chaperones strand displacement without altering the capsid-coding region hairpin element’s structural functionality
Authors: Yong Xin Ee , Raghuvamsi Palur Venkata , Anand Ganesh S. , Wohland Thorsten , Sharma Kamal K. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBy virtue of its chaperone activity, the capsid protein of dengue virus strain 2 (DENV2C) promotes nucleic acid structural rearrangements. However, the role of DENV2C during the interaction of RNA elements involved in stabilizing the 5’-3’ panhandle structure of DENV RNA is still unclear. Therefore, we determined how DENV2C affects structural functionality of the capsid-coding region hairpin element (cHP) during RNA rearrangement of the 9-nt conserved sequence (5CS) to its complementary 3CS counterpart. The cHP element has two distinct functions: a role in translation start codon selection and a role in RNA synthesis. Our results showed that the cHP hairpin impedes annealing between the 5CS and the 3CS elements. Although DENV2C does not modulate structural functionality of the cHP hairpin, it accelerates annealing and specifically promotes strand displacement of 3CS during 5’-3’ panhandle formation. Furthermore, DENV2C exerts its chaperone activity by favoring one of the active conformations of the cHP element. Based on our results, we propose mechanisms for annealing and strand displacement involving the cHP element. Thus, our results provide mechanistic insights on how DENV2C regulates RNA synthesis by modulating essential RNA elements in the capsid-coding region, that in turn allow for DENV replication.
The Amyloid Precursor Protein is a conserved Wnt receptor
Authors: Liu Tengyuan , Nicolas Maya , Zhang Tingting , Rice Heather , Soldano Alessia , Claeys Annelies , Petrova Iveta M. , Fradkin Lee G. , De Strooper Bart , Hassan Bassem A. 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYThe Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and its homologues are transmembrane proteins required for various aspects of neuronal development and activity, whose molecular function is unknown. Specifically, it is unclear whether APP acts as a receptor, and if so what its ligand(s) may be. We show that APP binds the Wnt ligands Wnt3a and Wnt5a and that this binding regulates APP protein levels. Wnt3a binding promotes full length APP (flAPP) recycling and stability. In contrast, Wnt5a promotes APP targeting to lysosomal compartments and reduces flAPP levels. A conserved Cysteine Rich Domain (CRD) in the extracellular portion of APP is required for Wnt binding, and deletion of the CRD abrogates the effects of Wnts on flAPP levels and trafficking. Finally, loss of APP results in increased axonal and reduced dendritic growth of mouse embryonic primary cortical neurons. This phenotype can be cell-autonomously rescued by full length, but not CRD-deleted, APP.
Emergence of phenotypically distinct subpopulations is a factor in adaptation of recombinantSaccharomyces cerevisiaeunder glucose-limited conditions
Authors: Wright Naia Risager , Wulff Tune , Workman Christopher T. , Rønnest Nanna Petersen , Sonnenschein Nikolaus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCells cultured in a nutrient-limited environment can undergo adaptation, which confers improved fitness under long-term energy limitation. We have previously shown how a recombinantS. cerevisiaestrain, producing a heterologous insulin product, under glucose-limited conditions adapts over time at the average population level.In this paper, we investigated this adaptation at the single-cell level by application of FACS and showed that three apparent phenotypes underlie the adaptive response observed at the bulk level: (1) cells that drastically reduced insulin production (23 %), (2) cells with reduced enzymatic capacity in central carbon metabolism (46 %), (3) cells that exhibited pseudohyphal growth (31 %). We speculate that the phenotypic heterogeneity is a result of different mechanisms to increase fitness. Cells with reduced insulin productivity have increased fitness by reducing the burden of the heterologous insulin production and the populations with reduced enzymatic capacity of the central carbon metabolism and pseudohyphal growth have increased fitness towards the glucose-limited conditions.The results highlight the importance of considering population heterogeneity when studying adaptation and evolution.
Short-term perceptual re-weighting in suprasegmental categorization
Authors: Jasmin Kyle , Tierney Adam , Obasih Chisom , Holt Lori 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSegmental speech units such as phonemes are cued by multiple acoustic dimensions (e.g. F0 and duration), but dimensions do not carry equal perceptual weight. The relative perceptual weights of acoustic speech dimensions are not fixed but vary with context. For example, when speech is altered to create an ‘accent’ in which two acoustic dimensions are correlated in a manner opposite that of long-term experience, the dimension that carries less perceptual weight is down-weighted to contribute less in category decisions. It remains unclear, however, whether this short-term reweighting is limited to segmental categorization, or if it extends to categorization of suprasegmental features which span multiple phonemes, syllables, or words, which would suggest that such “dimension-based statistical learning” is a widespread phenomenon in speech perception. Here we investigated the relative contribution of two acoustic dimensions to word emphasis. Participants categorized instances of a two-word phrase pronounced with typical covariation of fundamental frequency (F0) and duration, and in the context of an artificial ‘accent’ in which F0 and duration (established in prior research on English speech as ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ dimensions, respectively) covaried atypically. When categorizing ‘accented’ speech, listeners rapidly down-weighted the secondary dimension (duration) while continuing to rely on the primary dimension (F0). This result indicates that listeners continually track short-term regularities across speech input and dynamically adjust the weight of acoustic evidence for suprasegmental categories. Thus, dimension-based statistical learning appears to be a widespread phenomenon in speech perception extending to both segmental and suprasegmental categorization.
Fine-tuning the transcriptional regulatory model of adaptation response to phosphate stress in maize (Zea maysL.)
Authors: Yadava Pranjal , Dayaman Vikram , Agarwal Astha , Kumar Krishan , Singh Ishwar , Verma Rachana , Kaul Tanushri 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe post green revolution agriculture is based on generous application of fertilizers and high-yielding genotypes that are suited for such high input regimes. Cereals, like maize (Zea maysL.) are capable of utilizing less than 20% of the applied inorganic phosphate (Pi) - a non-renewable fertilizer resource. A greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition, transportation and utilization of Pi may lead to strategies to enhance phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) in field crops. In this study, we selected 12 Pi responsive genes in maize and carried out their comparative transcriptional expression in root and leaf tissues of a hydroponically grown Pi stress tolerant maize inbred line HKI-163, under sufficient and deficient Pi conditions. Pi starvation led to significant increase in root length; marked proliferation of root hairs and lesser number of crown roots. Eleven genes were significantly up or down regulated in Pi deficient condition. The putative acid phosphatase,ZmACP5, expression was up regulated by 162.81 and 74.40 fold in root and leaf tissues, respectively. The RNase,ZmRNS1showed 115 fold up regulation in roots under Pi deprivation. Among the two putative high affinity Pi transportersZmPht1;4was found specific to root, whereasZmPht2was found to be up regulated in both root and leaf tissues. The genes involved in Pi homeostasis pathway (ZmSIZ1, SPX1andPho2) were up regulated in root and leaf. In light of the expression profiling of selected regulatory genes, an updated model of transcriptional regulation under Pi starvation in maize has been proposed.
Randomized controlled studies comparing traditional lectures versus online modules
Authors: Musunuru Kiran , Machanda Zarin P. , Qiao Lyon , Anderson William J. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTWe assessed the efficacy of traditional lectures versus online modules with respect to student learning in an undergraduate introductory biochemistry course in two successive years. In the first year, students had the options of attending live lectures by the course instructor and viewing online modules pre-recorded by the instructor, with the lectures and modules covering identical content; in addition, all students had a mandatory weekly application session. Utilizing pre-course and post-course tests as an instrument with which to measure learning during the course, we observed significantly increased learning (0.7 standard deviations) with attendance of traditional lectures and decreased learning with use of online modules, even after adjustment for grade point average. In the second year, the course had the same curriculum, but students were randomized to either live lectures or online modules for the first half of the course, crossing over to the other modality during the second half. With randomization, no difference in learning was observed between the two groups. Furthermore, we found that students self-reported greater engagement when viewing online modules than when attending lectures in person. These findings suggest some aspects of the lecture experience can be shifted to online modules in STEM courses without impacts on student learning so as to use classroom time more fully for application-based active learning interventions.