bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online Faculty Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries for Health Professions Educators: A Rapid Realist Review
Authors: Keiller Lianne , Nyoni Champion , Wyk Chantel van 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Health professions educators require support to develop teaching and learning, research, educational leadership, and administrative skills to strengthen their higher education role through faculty development initiatives. Where administration has pursued face-to-face and online faculty development initiatives, results have positively influenced health professions educators. There is limited evidence demonstrating how online faculty development works for health professions educators in low- and middle-income countries who engage in online health professions education (HPE) faculty development.
Methods
A Conjecture Map for online HPE faculty development courses identified candidate theories for a rapid realist review. The Conjecture Map and candidate theories, Community of Inquiry and the Conversational Framework guided the development of search terms and analysis for this review. Three searches using EbscoHost databases yielded 1 030 abstracts. A primary and secondary research team participated in a multi-reviewer blinded process in assessing abstracts, selecting full-text articles, and data extraction. The primary research team analysed eight articles for this rapid realist review to answer the research question: How do online HPE faculty development courses work, or not work, in low- and middle-income countries? Data were analysed and mapped to the initial Conjecture Map and the research question.
Results
The research references US-based organisations forming partnerships with low- and middle-income countries, and who provide funding for online HPE faculty development initiatives. These initiatives design courses that facilitate learning through engagement from which participants report beneficial outcomes of professional and career development. The review does not clarify if the reported outcomes are generalisable for facilitators from low-and middle-income countries. The findings of this review demonstrate the role of a community of practice as the dominant mechanism through which the outcomes are achieved, based on a design that incorporates six triggering events. The design aligns the triggering events with the three categories of the Community of Inquiry—a theory for designing online learning environments.
Conclusion
Health professions educators in low- and middle-income countries can develop professional and interpersonal skills through a well-designed, specifically constructed online community that prioritises active discussion.
Diversity of archaea and niche preferences among putative ammonia-oxidizing Nitrososphaeria dominating across European arable soils
Authors: Saghaï Aurélien , Banerjee Samiran , Degrune Florine , Edlinger Anna , García-Palacios Pablo , Garland Gina , Heijden Marcel GA van der , Herzog Chantal , Maestre Fernando T , Pescador David S , Philippot Laurent , Rillig Matthias , Romdhane Sana , Hallin Sara 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Archaeal communities in arable soils are dominated by Nitrososphaeria, a class within Thaumarchaeota comprising all known ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA). AOA are key players in the nitrogen cycle and defining their niche specialization can help predicting effects of environmental change on these communities. However, hierarchical effects of environmental filters on AOA and the delineation of niche preferences of nitrososphaerial lineages remain poorly understood. Here we combined multiple environmental gradients with fine-scale phylogenetic analyses and machine learning for new insights into ecological preferences within Nitrososphaeria. With this approach, we could identify climatic, edaphic and geomorphological drivers of Nitrososphaeria and other archaea in arable soils along a 3 000 km European gradient. Results: Mean annual temperature, C:N ratio and pH were the best predictors of diversity, evenness and distribution of Nitrososphaeria and thresholds in the predictions could be defined for C:N ratio and cation exchange capacity. Recent adaptations to soil pH were indicated in the Nitrososphaeria phylogeny. Our analyses further suggest the coexistence of widespread ecophysiological differences between closely related soil Nitrososphaeria. Only limited insights into the ecology of the low-abundant, but highly diverse classes Thermoplasmata and Woesearchaeia could be inferred. However, for explaining the overall archaeal community composition at the continental scale the contribution of distance (reflecting stochastic assembly processes) and environmental factors (reflecting deterministic processes) were comparable. Conclusions: Our findings underline the multifactorial nature of niche differentiation in soil Nitrososphaeria and the ecophysiological differences between closely related members observed suggest that the phylogeny does not reflect their ecology. Our results also imply multiple, independent specializations to low pH. The study highlights that the ecology of Nitrososphaeria is best studied at fine phylogenetic scale. Finally, the identification of thresholds in the responses show that simple correlations are not sufficient when determining environmental drivers of archaeal diversity.
Temporal and Spatial Changes in Crop Patterns, Use of Inputs and Hydrological Alteration in the Case of Fogera Floodplain, Ethiopia
Authors: Desta Mare Addis , Zeleke Gete , Payne William A. , Abebe Wubneh Belete 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
More than half of the world's population consumes rice. The area under modern rice varieties has expanded, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has increased in various countries. The hydrology of wetlands are also influenced by its chemical and physical characteristics. Hence, this research focused on temporal and spatial changes in crop patterns, input usage, and hydrological change in Fogera floodplain, with the objectives: a. what are the spatial and temporal trends in crops production pattern? b. What inputs have been used in the past and present to produce rice and other crops? c. What looks like the hydrological alteration of the area? The primary data was gathered through a questionnaire, focus group discussions, interviews, and field observations. Secondary data from Landsat imageries, SWAT input data, water flow, normalized difference vegetation index, and hydrological alteration of the site were collected. To analyze data, tables, graphs, and charts percentage, mean, and correlation were used. NDVI results indicated that rice crop is growing while other variables are decreasing. artificial inputs are currently used but before the introduction of rice were not. Recession farming activities have also diminished wetland. Annual average water flow and rainfall have been trending upward. Flow of water with Nitrogen and Phosphorous has a negative correlation, with Pearson's values − 0.069 and − 0.072, respectively whereas the value 0.242 indicates that nitrogen and phosphorus have a positive relationship. In conclusion, these extended and intensification of farming practices have an impact on the biodiversity of fauna and flora of the area.
Cost-Utility Analysis of Cryoballoon Ablation versus Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation; Case Study: Iran
Authors: Darvishi Ali , Sadeghipour Parham , Darrudi Alireza , Daroudi Rajabali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia at which electrical stimulation does not pass a distinct pathway through heart. There are various methods to treat AF which Ablation is one of the most effective among them. The present study aimed to assess cost utility of Cryoballoon ablation (CBA) comparing to Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to treat patients with AF in Iran.Methods: Cost utility analysis is done using a decision analytic model based on a lifetime Markov structure which was drawn considering nature of interventions and natural progress of disease. Costs data was extracted from medical records of 47 patients of Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center in Tehran in 2019. Parameters and variables related to strategies such as transition probabilities, risks related to side effects and mortality rates as well as utility values were extracted from domestic and foreign evidences. Due to uncertainty regarding some variables used in model, deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was also done. TreeAge pro 2020 were used in all stages of analysis.Results: In the base case analysis, CBA strategy was associated with higher cost and effectiveness rather than RFA, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was $11223 per Quality adjusted life year (QALY), which compared to Iran one time GDP per capita ($7142) as Willingness to pay threshold, CBA was not cost effective. But on the other hand, considering twice the GDP per capita as threshold, CBA was cost-effective. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis confirmed findings of base case analysis, and Monte Carlo Simulation showed that RFA was cost effective by probability of 60%. One way sensitivity analysis showed that results of study has highest sensitivity to changes of RFA cost variable. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the cost effectiveness results were not robust and are sensitive to changes in variables changes.Conclusions: Primary results showed that CBA in treatment of AF comparing to RFA is not cost-effective in Iran considering one GDP per capita. But the sensitivity analysis results showed considerable sensitivity to changes of ablation costs variable. In general, it is not possible to conclude with certainty about the cost-effectiveness of CBA against RFA.
Microcystin-leucine arginine blocks vasculogenesis and angiogenesis through impairing cytoskeleton and impeding endothelial cell migration by downregulating integrin-mediated Rho/ROCK signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Qilong , Chen Guoliang , Zhang Qian , Wang Mingxing , Wang Guixue , Hu Tingzhang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The main characteristic of eutrophication is cyanobacteria harmful algae blooms. Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is considered to be the most toxic and most commonly secondary metabolite produced by cyanobacteria. It has been reported that MC-LR had potential vascular toxicity. However, the mechanism that MC-LR induced vascular toxicity is very limited and remain to be clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic hazard towards the vasculogenesis and angiogenesis of MC-LR. Its effects on vasculogenesis, sprouting angiogenesis and endothelial cell tube formation were studied. The study showed that MC-LR exposure blocked vasculogenesis in zebrafish embryos, sprouting angiogenesis from rat aorta and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, MC-LR exposure also induced the disruption of cytoskeletal structures and markedly inhibited endothelial cells (ECs) migration from caudal hematopoietic tissue in zebrafish and HUVEC migration. Western blot analysis showed that MC-LR exposure down-regulated the expressions of integrin β1, FAK, Rho and ROCK. Combined with these results, MC-LR could induce disruption of cytoskeleton via down-regulating integrin-mediated FAK/ROCK signaling pathway, leading to the inhibition of ECs migration, which finally blocked vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.
Mathematical Programming Approaches for Modeling a Sustainable Cropping Pattern under Uncertainty: A Case Study in Southern Iran
Authors: Najafabadi Mostafa Mardani , Ashktorab Niloofar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the excessive and unreasonable use of chemicals, the occasional use of water, and the use of improper irrigation methods have created a worrying and unstable situation in developing countries' agricultural activities. In the present study, the robust multi-objective fractional linear programming model (RMOLFP) was introduced to determine the sustainable optimal cropping pattern. This model was presented in the Gotvand irrigation and drainage network located in Khuzestan province, southern Iran, under two scenarios with and without considering the uncertainty to evaluate the ability of the model. The results showed that in the first scenario, the consumption of critical disruptive inputs of sustainable agriculture such as fertilizers and chemical pesticides decreased by 5.9% and 8.19%, respectively. On the other hand, the model's uncertainty condition was applied in the second scenario in which the increase in gross margin was reduced. There is a trade-off between protecting the optimization model against system uncertainty and gross margin. Finally, the ability of the proposed model to apply uncertainty conditions was verified by the Monte Carlo simulation method. The results of this simulation confirmed the use of the RMOLFP method in determining the sustainable optimal cropping pattern for the study area.
Risk Stratification and Adjuvant Chemotherapy Based on Clinical Risk Scores of Patients with Stage IB-IIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhai Wenyu , Duan Fangfang , Dongxia Li , Yan Qihang , Dai Shuqin , Zhang bei , Wang Junye 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Despite the heterogeneity among patients with stage IB-IIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), clinical applicable model to identify those patients to receive adjuvant chemotherapy after radical resection is limited. We aimed to developed a clinical tool of benefits from adjuvant chemotherapy for risk stratification and individualized management in this heterogeneous patient population. Methods Between January 2008 and March 2018, patients with T2N0M0 NSCLC at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were retrospectively retrieved. Survival curves were estimated by means of the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the long-rank test. We used the Cox hazard regression models to identify the prognostic factors associated with the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). To reduce the possible effects of bias, propensity score matching (PSM) was implemented in a 1:1 ratio to. Subgroup analysis was further performed based on the quantized clinical risk score (CRS) derived from the prognostic variates and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status. Results A total of 1063 patients with T2N0M0 NSCLC were enrolled in this retrospective study, 272 patients among them received adjuvant chemotherapy. Before PSM, Patients with a high-CRS (>1) had a significant worse OS and DFS. After PSM, the baseline characteristics of 270 pairs of patients were matched well. A significant improvement in OS was associated with adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with a high-CRS, while adjuvant chemotherapy was a positive independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS in patients with wild-type EGFR. The interaction analysis showed an apparent interaction effect between adjuvant chemotherapy and EGFR-activating mutations as well as chemotherapy regimens and histology.Conclusions Clinical risk score can be used to predict the prognosis of patients with stage IB-IIA NSCLC. Adjuvant chemotherapy could improve the outcome of patients after surgery, especially for those with clinical risk score over 1. Patients with non-squamous cell histology receiving pemetrexed plus platinum might benefit more, but not in those with EGFR-activating mutations.
The relationship between maternal perfluoroalkylated substances exposure and low birth weight of offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cao Tengrui , Qu Aibin , Li Zixuan , Wang Wenjuan , Liu Ran , Wang Xue , Nie Yaxiong , Sun Suju , Zhang Xiaolin , Liu Xuehui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Some studies have shown that maternal perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) exposure may be associated with low birth weight (LBW) of offspring. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between maternal PFASs exposure and LBW in offspring. The researchers searched PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Embase to find all the articles before October 2020. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. Finally, six articles were included for meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis showed were no significant correlation between maternal perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure and LBW of offspring: odds ratio (OR) = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.80–1.01, with low heterogeneity (I2 = 18.4%, P = 0.289); there was a significant positive correlation between maternal perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure and LBW of offspring (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.09–1.55) with no heterogeneity (I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.570). The grouping analysis of PFOS showed was a significant positive correlation between maternal PFOS exposure and LBW of offspring in America (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.15–1.72). This study provided a systematic review and meta-analysis evidence for the relationship between maternal PFASs exposure and LBW of offspring through a small number of studies. Researchers should conduct further studies between different regions.
Transcriptional Inactivation of TP53 and the BMP Pathway Mediates Therapy-induced Dedifferentiation and Metastasis in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Han Hyunho , Wang Yan , Curto Josue , Gurrapu Sreeharsha , Laudato Sara , Rumandla Alekya , Chakraborty Goutam , Wang Xiaobo , Chen Hong , Jiang Yan , Kumar Dhiraj , Caggiano Emily , Zhang Boyu , Ji Yan , Maity Sankar , Hu Min , Bai Shanshan , Aparicio Ana , Efstathiou Eleni , Logothetis Christopher , Navin Nicholas , Navone Nora , Chen Yu , Giancotti Filippo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Unsupervised clustering and deconvolution analysis identifies a novel subtype of M-CRPC endowed with hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) and luminal progenitor-like traits (Mesenchymal and Stem-like PC, MSPC). Analysis of patient datasets and mechanistic studies indicate that MSPC arises as a consequence of therapy-induced lineage plasticity. AR blockade instigates two separate and complementary processes: 1) transcriptional silencing of TP53 and hence acquisition of hybrid E/M and stem-like traits; and 2) inhibition of the BMP signaling, which promotes resistance to the pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of AR inhibition. The drug-tolerant prostate cancer cells generated through reprogramming are rescued by neuregulin and generate metastases in mice. Combined inhibition of HER2/3 and AR or mTORC1 exhibit efficacy in preclinical models of mixed ARPC/MSPC or MSPC, respectively. These results identify a novel subtype of M-CRPC, trace its origin to therapy-induced lineage plasticity, and reveal its dependency on HER2/3 signaling.
The spleen physiologically clears Aβ, and splenectomy aggravates Alzheimer-type pathogenesis
Authors: Yu Zhong-Yuan , Chen Dong-Wan , Tan Cheng-Rong , Zeng Gui-Hua , He Chen-Yang , Bu Xian-Le , Wang Yan-Jiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: A previous study demonstrated that nearly 40%-60% of brain Aβ flows out into the peripheral system for clearance. However, where and how circulating Aβ is cleared in the periphery remains unclear. The spleen acts as a blood filter and an immune organ. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the spleen in the clearance of Aβ in the periphery. Methods: We investigated the physiological clearance of Aβ by the spleen and established a mouse model of AD and spleen excision by removing the spleens of APP/PS1 mice to investigate the effect of splenectomy on AD mice. Results: We found that Aβ levels in the splenic artery were higher than those in the splenic vein, suggesting that circulating Aβ is cleared when blood flows through the spleen. Next, we found that splenic monocytes/macrophages could take up Aβ directly in vivo and in vitro. Splenectomy aggravated cognitive impairment, brain Aβ burden, and AD-related pathologies in AD mice. Conclusion: Our study reveals for the first time that the spleen exerts a physiological function of clearing circulating Aβ in the periphery. Our study also suggests that splenectomy, which is a routine treatment for splenic rupture and hypersplenism, might accelerate the development of AD.
Enhancing Biofilm Formation and Microalgae Growth by Preparing Cellulose Substrate With Rough Surface
Authors: Chen Caixiang , Wen Shumei , Wang Zhihui , Zhang Jinming , Yan Chenghu , Zhang Jun , Cong Wei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A series of cellulose films with rough surface were prepared by employing a simple solution casting method and using the waterproof abrasive papers with different grits as the substrate. The cellulose films possessed a rough surface with the maximum height difference (Sz) of 128-217 μm, a macroporous structure with a high porosity of 84.7%-90.5%, and a negative potential between -40.00 and -54.15 mV. Furthermore, the cellulose films exhibited excellent microalgae adhesion properties. After 18 days of attached Chlorella sp. cultivation experiments, the average productivities of C-A-120 films (C-A-X, X means the mesh number of the substrate) reached 20.80 g m-2 d-1), which is 2.69 times than that of the cellulose film with a smooth surface. The result indicates that the cellulose films with a rough surface and high water adsorption ratio have a huge potential in serving as the substrate of the attached microalgae cultivation to promote microalgae cells growth and biofilm formation.
Tumor cell-derived CCL2 promotes chemoresistance via c-Fos in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Dong , Yang Li , Li Yanjun , Cao Ling , Zhang Kai , Lian Jingyao , Shen Zhibo , Huang Jianmin , Wang Liping , Zhang Yi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in promoting chemoresistance in solid cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the underlying molecular mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment potentially involved in chemoresistance in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Methods

A multiplex assay was used to determine the transcription factor levels in chemoresistant lung adenocarcinoma cells. The role of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in chemoresistance of lung adenocarcinoma was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. A ChIP assay was performed to determine the molecular mechanism by which c-Fos regulates “CCL2”.
Results

CCL2 expression was significantly higher in chemoresistant than in chemosensitive lung adenocarcinoma cells and was closely associated with poor survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients. CCL2 enhanced the resistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells to cisplatin in vitro. Chemoresistant lung adenocarcinoma cell-derived CCL2 promoted monocyte recruitment to the tumor site and monocyte polarization into M2 macrophages, which further mediated the chemoresistance of lung adenocarcinoma. The involvement of c-Fos in CCL2 expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells might promote chemoresistance. Blockade of CCL2 suppressed tumor growth and restored cisplatin sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma.
Conclusions

The c-Fos–CCL2 axis might provide a promising target for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.