bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The correlation between the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and the Notch signaling pathway in ischemic brain injury
Authors: Xie Ning , Huang Qin , Han Jingting , Xu Wenyuan 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionThis study aims to determine the relationship between the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and the Notch signaling pathway in ischemic brain injury.Material and methodsPC-12 cells were treated with the nerve growth factor (NGF) to induce neuronal differentiation then divided into seven groups: 1) no treatment (control); 2) oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model; 3) overexpressed G-CSF + OGD model; 4) transfected empty vector (negative control; NC) + OGD model; 5) overexpressed G-CSF + γ-secretase inhibitor MW167 + OGD model; 6) MW167 + OGD model; and 7) NC + MW167 + OGD model. The cells were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and apoptosis and CCK8 assays. The expression of the related molecules in the Notch pathway was detected using the Western blotting and quantitative PCR (Q-PCR).ResultsMost PC-12 cells were neuron-specific enolase (NSE)-positive after the NGF treatment. When compared with the control group, the MW167 + OGD and NC + MW167 + OGD groups had the lowest optical density (OD) values, followed by the OGD, NC + OGD and the G-CSF + MW167+ OGD groups. The G-CSF + OGD group had the highest OD value. Concerning apoptosis detection, the control group had the lowest apoptosis rate. The highest apoptosis rates were found in the MW167 + OGD, the OGD, and then the G-CSF + OGD groups.ConclusionsThe blocking of the Notch pathway can attenuate the G-CSF effects, whereas the G-CSF overexpression can activate the Notch pathway to resist the effects of oxygen-glucose deprivation.
Normative value of photostress recovery time among various age groups in southern India
Authors: Bishwash Bhandari , Kumar De Tapas , Kumar Sah Sanjay , Das Sanyam Sandip 
Published: March 2021

Background: To determine the normative data and reference value for photostress recovery time (PSRT) following exposure of the macula to light, in various age groups within the Indian population.
Methods: Cross-sectional observational study performed from November 2015 to July 2016 in the Bangalore district of Karnataka state in India. We examined a total of 1,282 eyes of 641 participants and included those with corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) scoes lower than or equal to 0.4 Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (LogMAR). We performed the photostress procedure under standard conditions using the same approach.
Results: The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the participants’ age was 32.04 ± 15.80, with an age range of 8 to 70 years. The PSRT in participants below 16 years and above 45 years of age were significantly different compared to the 16–25-year-old age group (P < 0.0001 for both). The PSRT values were significantly different between males and females in the reproductive age group (16 to 45 years old) (P < 0.0001), but not in the other age groups.
Conclusions: The PSRT values were significantly different in children and older patients compared to the 16 to 25 years age group. We found that as age increased, PSRT increased significantly.
Two-year successful results of femto-LASIK in steep and opacified corneas
Authors: Mounir Amr , Matthias Emad Latif , Awny Islam 
Published: March 2021

Background: Flap creation is the most critical step of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). The introduction of the femtosecond laser with its uniform flaps, which enhance the accuracy of LASIK, has decreased the risk of flap-related complications like buttonholes and incomplete flaps. We recommended femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK (FS-LASIK) in the presence of superficial corneal opacities.
Case Presentation: We report a case of a 31-year-old female who reported to the Cornea clinic of the Sohag Center for LASIK and Corneal Surgeries, Sohag, Egypt, complaining of bilateral decreased vision due to refractive error. The uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were 0.01 and 0.7 with a refractive correction of -3.50Ds/ –3.00Dc x 172° in the right eye and 0.01 and 0.6 with a refractive correction of -1.75 Ds/-6.00Dc x164° in the left eye, respectively. Slit-lamp examination of the anterior segment showed bilateral superior vascularized corneal scars and a linear superior conjunctival scar suggestive of old trachoma. Corneal tomographic imaging with a Scheimpflug based tomography device (Oculus Inc., Wetzlar, Germany) revealed a symmetrical bow tie with a very steep cornea without other ectatic changes. The patient underwent bilateral FS-LASIK with an excimer laser. No intraoperative complications occurred. She was followed up for two years with serial corneal topographies and stable post-LASIK results and visual outcomes.
Conclusions: FS-LASIK, in the presence of superficial corneal opacities, was safe and effective and induced no complications with special precautions. However, these findings are yet to be confirmed using well‐designed clinical studies with larger samples and longer follow-ups.
Measurement report: Exploring NH3 behavior in urban and suburban Beijing: comparison and implications
Authors: Lan Ziru , Lin Weili , Pu Weiwei , Ma Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Ammonia (NH3) plays an important role in particulate matter formation;
hence, its atmospheric level is relevant to human health and climate
change. Due to different relative distributions of NH3 sources,
concentrations of atmospheric NH3 may behave differently in urban and
rural areas. However, few parallel long-term observations of NH3 exist to
reveal the different behaviors of NH3 concentrations at urban
and rural sites in a same region. In this study, online ammonia analyzers
were used to continuously observe atmospheric NH3 concentrations at an
urban site and a suburban site in Beijing from 13 January 2018 to 13 January 2019. The observed mixing ratio of NH3 averaged 21±14 ppb
(range of 1.6–133 ppb) at the urban site and 22±15 ppb (range of
0.8–199 ppb) at the suburban site. The NH3 mixing ratios at the urban
and suburban sites exhibited similar seasonal variations, with high values
in summer and spring and low values in autumn and winter. The hourly mean
NH3 mixing ratios at the urban site were highly correlated (R=0.849,
P<0.01) with those at the suburban site; however, the average
diurnal variations in the NH3 mixing ratios at the urban and suburban
sites differed significantly, which implies different contributions from
NH3 sources and sinks at the urban and suburban sites. In addition to
the emission sources, meteorological factors were closely related to the
changes in the NH3 concentrations. For the same temperature (relative
humidity) at the urban and suburban sites, the NH3 mixing ratios
increased with relative humidity (temperature). Relative humidity was the
factor with the strongest influence on the NH3 mixing ratio in
different seasons at the two sites. The relationships between the NH3
concentrations and temperature (relative humidity) varied from season to
season and showed differences between the urban and suburban sites. The
reasons for the different relationships need to be investigated in future
studies. Higher wind speed mainly from the northwest sector lowered the
NH3 mixing ratios at both sites. Similarly to other primary pollutants
in Beijing, the NH3 mixing ratios were high when impacted by air masses
from the southern sector.
Compound high-temperature and low-chlorophyll extremes in the ocean over the satellite period
Authors: Le Grix Natacha , Zscheischler Jakob , Laufkötter Charlotte , Rousseaux Cecile S. , Frölicher Thomas L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Extreme events in the ocean severely impact marine organisms and ecosystems. Of particular concern are compound events, i.e., when conditions are extreme for multiple potential ocean ecosystem stressors such as temperature and chlorophyll. Yet, little is known about the occurrence, intensity, and duration of such compound high-temperature (a.k.a. marine heatwaves – MHWs) and low-chlorophyll (LChl) extreme events, whether their distributions have changed in the past decades, and what the potential drivers are. Here we use satellite-based sea surface temperature and chlorophyll concentration estimates to provide a first assessment of such compound extreme events. We reveal hotspots of compound MHW and LChl events in the equatorial Pacific, along the boundaries of the subtropical gyres, in the northern Indian Ocean, and around Antarctica. In these regions, compound events that typically last 1 week occur 3 to 7 times more often than expected under the assumption of independence between MHWs and LChl events. The occurrence of compound MHW and LChl events varies on seasonal to interannual timescales. At the seasonal timescale, most compound events occur in summer in both hemispheres. At the interannual timescale, the frequency of compound MHW and LChl events is strongly modulated by large-scale modes of natural climate variability such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, whose positive phase is associated with increased compound event occurrence in the eastern equatorial Pacific and in the Indian Ocean by a factor of up to 4. Our results provide a first understanding of where, when, and why compound MHW and LChl events occur. Further studies are needed to identify the exact physical and biological drivers of these potentially harmful events in the ocean and their evolution under global warming.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI PEMERINTAHAN BERBASIS AKRUAL, SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN (Studi Kasus Pada Organisasi Perangkat Daerah Provinsi Papua)
Authors: Holle Vania Annissa , Salle Agustinus , Sanggenafa Mariolin 
Published: March 2021

This research aims to analyze the influence of accrual-based accounting standard, internal control system, and motivation of work on the quality of financial statements. The population were in 34 departments in Papua Province. The samples of this study were 65 people. The research method was used purposive sampling with criterion are the heads and the staff of sub-divisions of finance who participating in making financial report. Data collection was done by distributing questionnaires directly to each departments in Province of Papua. The analysis technique was used multiple linear regression. This study concludes that accrual-based accounting standard, internal control system, and work motivation have positive and significant effect on the quality of financial statements
PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL TERHADAP FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia)
Authors: Sinurat Indriyani Ningsih , Daat Sylvia Christina , Hutadjulu Linda Y. 
Published: March 2021

This study aims to examine the influence of good corporate governance and intellectual capital to financial performance (financial performance). Corporate governance mechanisms in this research are managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and the proportion of independentcommissioners. Intellectual capital is measured using Value Added Intellectual Capital (VAIC) model which has three components (physical capital, human capital and structural capital), and financial performance is measured by return on assets (ROA). Secondary data was used by derived from the financial statements of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2014-2016. The sampling technique used purposive sampling method with multiple linear regression analysis tools. Prior the regression test, the classical assumption test is done first. The results show that managerial ownership, institutional ownership and independent commissioner's proportion have no effect on financial performance, while intellectual capital has an effect on financial performance. The conclusion of this research is that intellectual capital can be used to improve financial performance if company can measure accurately but corporate governance still not proven can improve company's financial performance.
PENGARUH PARTISIPASI ANGGARAN TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL DENGAN MOTIVASI KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL PEMODERASI (Studi Kasus Pada Organisasi Perangkat Daerah (OPD) Di Kota Jayapura)
Authors: Iswahyudi Iswahyudi , Pangayow Bill J. C. , Wijaya Anthonius H.C 
Published: March 2021

The objectives in this study are: 1). To analyse the effect of budget participation on Managerial Performance on OPD in Jayapura City; and 2). To analyse the effect of budget participation on managerial performance of OPD in Jayapura City with work motivation as a moderating variable The population in this study were all civil servants in the Regional Devices Organizations (OPD) of the Jayapura City government consisting of 33 OPDs. The sample in this study amounted to 99 people. The statistical method used to test Hypotheses is simple regression and multilevel regression analysis with the interaction test approach Moderating Regression Analysis (MRA). Based on the results of the study, the tcount for the variable budget participation is 2.597 with a significance level of 0.012. With a significance level smaller than 0.05, H1 can be supported or in other words, government participation influences managerial performance. This proves that budget participation has a positive influence on managerial performance. The results of the analysis also show that, there is no influence between work motivation variables in moderating budgetaryparticipation with managerial performance as indicated by the value of t count of 0.030 with a significance of 0.976 which is greater than α = 0.05. Thus, the results of this study state that increasing work motivation does not cause an increase in managerial performance that participates in the budget.
PENGARUH SANKSI PERPAJAKAN, PELAYANAN FISKUS DAN PENGETAHUAN PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI (Studi Empiris Pada Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi yang Terdaftar di KPP Pratama Jayapura)
Authors: Mandowally Bilha M. F. , Allolayuk Theo , Matani Cornelia D. 
Published: March 2021

This research aims to see the effect of tax sanctions, tax services, and tax knowledge on individual taxpayer compliance. The independent variables used are taxation sanctions, tax authorities, and tax knowledge while the dependent variable is taxpayer compliance. The population in this study is an individual taxpayer registered at KPP Pratama Jayapura, using a survey method, by distributing questionnaires directly to taxpayers found at the Jayapura municipal office by researchers. The analytical method used in this study is multiple linear regression with SPSS 16 test. Based on theresults of the analysis show taxation sanctions partially affect the individual taxpayer compliance seen from the significance smaller than 0.05, namely (0.008), tax authorities' services affect complianceIndividual taxpayers seen from the significant value is smaller than 0.05, that is (0,000), and knowledge of taxation affects the individual taxpayer compliance seen from the significance smallerthan 0.05, that is (0.007).
PENGARUH PENERAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR), CORPORATE IMAGE, DAN KEPUTUSAN NASABAH TERHADAP LOYALITAS NASABAH
Authors: Faqihudin Ahmad , Asnawi Meinarni , Pangayow Bill J.C 
Published: March 2021

This study aims to examine the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) implementation, corporate image, and customer satisfaction, on customer loyalty. Variables independent were used inthis study namely Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), corporate image, and customer satisfaction., as well as one dependent variable of customer loyalty. Customers of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Jayapura are used as the population in this study. The convenience sampling with a sample of 30 respondents is the technique of sampling method in thisstudy. This study uses a double linear regression analysis to analyses data. The analysis tool used is SPSS version 23. The results of this research demonstrate the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has positively and significantly affects customer loyalty. Corporate Image has a positive and significant impact on customer loyalty. And customer satisfaction has a positive but does nosignificant impact on customer loyalty.
ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI PENGELOLAAN DANA BANTUAN OPERASIONAL SEKOLAH (BOS) (Studi Pada Satuan Pendidikan Dasar di Distrik Demta Kabupaten Jayapura)
Authors: Womsiwor Agarita Clara , Rofingatun Siti , Allolayuk Theo 
Published: March 2021

This research aims to determine and analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of the management of school operational assistance (BOS) in the unit of primary education in the Demta district in 2017- 2018. The type of research used in this research is a type of quantitative research with the buzz using descriptive analysis. Data collection techniques are conducted by spreading questionnaires, documentation, and literature research. This research data is the result of observations in the field,through the dissemination of questionnaires and presentation of data scientifically is a report of the realization of the budget of income and the school spending in the district of Demta. The data was obtained from SD YPK Muris as one of the schools that became samples of research. The theory used to know and analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of fund management of School Operational Assistance (BOS) is the analysis and calculation of the level of effectiveness and efficiency. Based on the results showed that the level or criteria of the effectiveness of the BOS Funds Management in basic education unit in the district Demta said to be in the criteria is very effective in2017 and the year 2018 is said to be ineffective. In the management of the School Operational Assistance (BOS) as a whole is said to be efficient enough in 2017 and 2018 BOS funds managementhas been said to be efficient.
Kavafis and Mises: Means and End
Authors: Mallios Spyros 
Published: March 2021

Mises stated1 that in his theory of human action he starts from the axiom that an individual I1. Mises considers the terms End and Means abstract methodical tools which an individual may use to analyse human action. In other words, Mises does not consider something to be a Means or an End by itself (in an objective sense), but it is an individual who may consider it a Means or an End.
A means is what serves to the attainment of any end, goal, or aim. Means are not in the given universe; in this universe there exist only things. A thing becomes a means when human reason plans to employ it for the attainment of some end and human action really employs it for this purpose. Thinking man sees the serviceableness of things, i.e., their ability to minister to his ends, and acting man makes them means. It is of primary im - portance to realize that parts of the external world become means only through the operation of the human mind and its offshoot, human action. External objects are as such only phenomena of the physical universe and the subject matter of the natural scien-ces. It is human meaning and action which transform them into means.2
Moreover, Mises considers the terms End and Means as achronical (out of time) methodical tools. Therefore, an individual I1 may consider an action of his an End and a Means at the «same time».
La teoría de la eficiencia dinámica
Authors: Soto Jesús Huerta de 
Published: March 2021

This paper presents an alternative, dynamic view of economic efficiency as a replacement for the static Paretian approach prevalent until now. The development of the Paretian perspective is traced, and a proposal is then made to reintroduce the dynamic aspect of efficiency, a dimension based on the creative, coordinating potential of entrepreneurship. In addition, the close relationship between ethics, personal morals, and the dynamic aspect of economic efficiency is studied, and the application of the new criterion of efficiency to various areas of economics is suggested.
Palabras clave: eficiencia estática, óptimo de pareto, eficiencia dinámica, creatividad empresarial, coordinación, función empresarial, proceso de mercado, ética.
Códigos JEL: A12, B53, D61, D63, H2, K11, P14, Z12
Resumen. En este trabajo se presenta un concepto alternativo de eficiencia económica de carácter dinámico y que pretende superar al concepto está-tico de origen paretiano hasta ahora dominante. Tras explicar el proceso de formación del concepto paretiano, se propone reintroducir la dimen-sión dinámica de la eficiencia basada en la capacidad creativa y coordi-nadora de la función empresarial. Se estudian, asimismo, las íntimas rela-ciones que existen entre la ética, la moral personal y la dimensión dinámica de la eficiencia económica, proponiendo la aplicación del nuevo criterio de eficiencia a distintos campos de la ciencia económica.
A Survey on Exchange Rates Determination in the Teachings of the Austrian School
Authors: Neri Massimiliano 
Published: March 2021

This survey represents a recollection of the contributions of prominent Austrian economists on the subject of the exchange rate determination (Mises, Hayek and Haberler). We review the theoretical fundaments that allow for a comprehensive understanding of the microeconomic forces that determine exchange rates. Then we examine the Purchasing Power Parity Theory, both from a neoclassical and Austrian viewpoint. Finally we inspect the international movements of money and the associations of these with the dynamics of the balance of payments and exchange rate. We leave open the door for future investigations over the idea of incorporating the notion of the Interest rates Parity, intended as a «tendency law», in the Austrian theory.
Key words: Exchange rate, Austrian theory, purchasing power parity, balance of payments, international capital movements.
Clasificación JEL: F31.
Resumen: El presente ensayo representa una recopilación de las con-tribuciones de prominentes economistas austriacos sobre la de-terminación del tipo de cambio (Mises, Hayek, Haberler). En la pri-mera parte se repasan los fundamentos teoréticos que permiten una comprensión exhaustiva de las fuerzas microeconómicas que deter-minan el tipo de cambio. A continuación se examina la teoría de la paridad de poder adquisitivo, tanto desde un punto de vista austriaco como neoclásico. Finalmente se inspeccionan los movimientos inter-nacionales de dinero y las asociaciones de los mismos con las diná-micas de la balanza de pagos y del tipo de cambio. Se deja abierta la puerta para futuras investigaciones sobre la idea de incorporar la noción de la paridad de tipo de interés, entendida como «ley de ten-dencia», dentro de la teoría austriaca.
Palabras clave: Tipo de cambio, análisis austriaco, paridad del poder adquisitivo, balanza de pagos, movimientos internacionales de capital.
Ética, libertad y drogas
Authors: Capella Francisco 
Published: March 2021

Las drogas son sustancias químicas que, en cantidades míni-mas, alteran el funcionamiento mental, sensitivo y corporal, pro-vocando temporalmente estados mentales alterados, sensacio-nes de placer, angustia o alucinaciones. Las drogas son sustancias exógenas que perturban, amplificando o bloquean-do, los mecanismos cerebrales, aumentando o disminuyendo las sensaciones, la percepción, la vigilia, el rendimiento físico o la capacidad de actuar o de pensar.
Pequeñas cantidades de droga producen grandes efectos al interaccionar con el sistema nervioso. Las drogas son psicoac-tivas o psicotrópicas, alteran la mente, las emociones y la cons-ciencia, porque están relacionadas con los neurotransmisores, las moléculas que transmiten mensajes en el sistema nervioso, y con sus mecanismos de regulación. El organismo humano produce drogas endógenas como las endorfinas.
Las drogas pueden ser naturales o de elaboración química artificial (drogas de diseño). Las drogas pueden ser introduci-das en el organismo por diferentes vías (oral, nasal, epidérmi-ca, subcutánea, intramuscular, venosa, rectal) y mecanismos (ingeridas, aspiradas, untadas, inyectadas).