bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and Stroke
Authors: SÖNMEZ TOPCU Feyza , YURTLU TEMEL Şirin , TUTPINAR Yıldıray 
Published: January 2021

Most patients with COVID-19 present with constitutional and respiratory symptoms and some with atypical gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, or neurological manifestations. Recent studies suggest that there are neurologic manifestations of COVID-19, including acute cerebrovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study is to find out any evidence of COVID-19 related stroke. Radiologic studies of the patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) of our center from March 11 Th to June 10 Th 2020, with acute stroke symptoms and of whom the acute cerebrovascular disease is confirmed by Computed Tomography (CT) and/or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are searched retrospectively. CT Angiography (CTA) and MR Angiography (MRA) studies obtained for stroke management, searched for acute thromboembolism. We noticed some radiologic evidence of acute cerebrovascular disease in 56 patients of 528 patients admitted with immediate neurological symptoms. 11 (19.64 %) of these patients who were not diagnosed before, proved to be simultaneous COVID-19 infection with laboratory tests and/or thorax CT. It was noteworthy that these 11 patients presented with an acute cerebrovascular event supported by neurological and radiological findings instead of the well-known constitutional or respiratory symptoms of COVID 19 infection. 45 (80.35 %) patients were negative for COVID-19 infection. CT /or MR Angiography demonstrated carotid or intracranial major arterial thromboembolism in 5 (11.1 %) of the non-COVID-19 patients and 5 (45.4 %) of the simultaneous COVID-19 disease diagnosed ones. COVID19 positive 5 patients presented with acute internal carotid artery (ICA) or major ICA branch thrombosis at the first stage of COVID-19 infection, rather than a complication of the serious lung disease or a component of multiorgan disfunction related COVID-19. Acute cerebrovascular disease symptoms bringing patients to the ED instead of the respiratory symptoms, aroused high suspicion of the direct neuropathy and early coagulopathy effect of the virus. COVID- 19 disease, itself thought to be a great risk factor for stroke alone. Even in initial cases and in cases where COVID-19 infection do not show a severe and fatal course, stimulation in the coagulation cascade in the early stages, increased the risk of acute stroke.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL, KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL KEPALA SEKOLAH, DAN MOTIVASI KERJA KARYAWAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN [THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, THE EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF THE PRINCIPAL, AND EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE]
Authors: Subagia Eko , Hidayat Dylmoon 
Published: January 2021

<p>Employee performance plays an important role in determining the quality of an organization. Thus, one of the main reasons for evaluating employee performance is to maintain and even improve the quality of the organization. The transformational leadership style and the emotional intelligence of the principal can play an important role in building employee motivation within a school which can then influence employee performance. The aim of this research is to determine if the transformational leadership style of the principal, the principal’s emotional intelligence, and the <span id="docs-internal-guid-6da33e44-7fff-32e9-29ef-f57c05b8999b"><span>motivation</span></span> of the employees have a positive influence on the employees’ job performance. The research used a quantitative approach with a path analysis to determine whether the coefficient effect of each variable was significant. Data was collected from 75 employees in a school using a <span id="docs-internal-guid-560219b1-7fff-d549-3ecb-5fc650f939d5"><span>questionnaire</span></span>. The results show that the principal's emotional intelligence and employee motivation have a positive effect on employee performance whereas the transformational leadership style of the principal has no effect on employee performance.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: </strong>Kinerja karyawan memegang peranan penting dalam menentukan kualitas sebuah organisasi. Oleh sebab itu, alasan utama dilakukannya penilaian kinerja karyawan adalah untuk mempertahankan, bahkan meningkatkan kualitas organisasi. Kepemimpinan transformasional dan kecerdasan emosional kepala sekolah memegang peranan penting di dalam membangun motivasi karyawan sehingga dapat memiliki pengaruh pada kinerja karyawan di sekolah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh positif kepemimpinan transformasional, kecerdasan emosional kepala sekolah, dan motivasi kerja karyawan terhadap kinerja para karyawan. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode analisis jalur untuk mengetahui apakah pengaruh koefisien dari masing-masing variable adalah signifikan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode survei melalui kuesioner kepada 75 karyawan yang ada di suatu sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecerdasan emosional kepala sekolah dan motivasi kerja karyawan berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan. Sedangkan kepemimpinan transformasional kepala sekolah tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan.</p>
THE ADULT-CHILD DYAD AS A PROBLEM-SOLVING SYSTEM: AN EXPERIMENT WITH ONE BILINGUAL INDONESIAN CHILD
Authors: Silalahi Rentauli Mariah 
Published: January 2021

<p>This study tries to reveal how the transition from interpsychological to intrapsychological functioning happens in an adult-child dyad’s activity involving a 3.6 year-old-child and the child’s mother. The study explores how the adult and child divided up the strategic responsibilities for carrying out a problem-solving task of completing a puzzle. The experiment, which took place in the child’s living room and lasted for 48 minutes, was videotaped and observed while all utterances by the adult and child were transcribed verbatim. Coding was done in order to note information showing the gaze behavior, interventions from the adult, and episodes for each correct match. Thematic analysis was chosen as the method to analyze the transcripts in order to find meaningful patterns. The study found that the adult’s intervention is important in the early stage of the joint-problem activity while, when the child takes more responsibility and develops some strategies as the child becomes more self-regulated, the adult’s role in scaffolding decreases. There is a transition from the interpsychological to intrapsychological functioning in the adult-child dyad while gazes towards the played cards outweigh the role of gazes towards other objects.</p>
PENTINGNYA KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL BAGI MAHASISWA CALON GURU KRISTEN DALAM KEGIATAN PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA [THE IMPORTANCE OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE FOR PRE-SERVICE CHRISTIAN TEACHERS IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING ACTIVITIES]
Authors: Febriana Ester Putri , Listiani Tanti , Sitompul Henni 
Published: January 2021

<p>Schools are educational institutions that are primarily focused on achieving educational goals. In achieving these goals, schools need competent teachers. Competent teachers are teachers who have four teacher competencies, namely learning management (pedagogical competence), potential development (social competence), academic mastery (professional competence), and personality attitudes (personality competence). A teacher must possess these four teacher competencies in order to support his/her role as an educator. Based on the field experience program conducted by pre-service teachers, it is evident that pre-service teachers lack professional competence. The purpose of writing this paper is to further examine the importance of professional competence for pre-service teachers in supporting the ongoing learning activities at a school, especially for a Christian teacher. The importance of professional competence for a pre-service teacher can provide confidence when teaching, the capacity to guide in mathematics learning activities, and the ability to carry out his/her role as a restoration agent. To improve professional competence, teachers should conduct microteaching activities, study, and attend seminars and other benefical activities.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: </strong>Sekolah merupakan lembaga pendidikan yang paling utama berfokus kepada pencapaian tujuan-tujuan pendidikan. Dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan yang telah ditetapkan, sekolah membutuhkan seorang guru yang berkompeten. Guru yang berkompeten adalah guru yang memiliki empat kompetensi guru yaitu pengelolaan pembelajaran (kompetensi pedagogi), pengembangan potensi (kompetensi sosial), penguasaan akademik (kompetensi profesional), dan sikap kepribadian (kompetensi kepribadian). Keempat kompetensi guru tersebut haruslah dimiliki oleh seorang guru agar dapat mendukung perannya sebagai seorang pendidik. Berdasarkan program pengalaman lapangan yang telah dilakukan oleh mahasiswa calon guru, dapat dilihat bahwa mahasiswa calon guru masih kurang dalam kompetensi profesional. Tujuan penulisan paper ini untuk mengkaji tentang pentingnya kompetensi profesional bagi seorang mahasiswa calon guru dalam mendukung kegiatan pembelajaran yang sedang berlangsung di sekolah, terutama dalam diri seorang guru Kristen. Pentingnya kompetensi profesional bagi seorang mahasiswa calon guru, yaitu memberikan rasa percaya diri ketika mengajar, guru dapat menjadi penuntun dalam kegiatan pembelajaran matematika, serta guru dapat menjalankan perannya sebagai agen restorasi. Dalam meningkatkan kompetensi profesional, guru disarankan untuk dapat melakukan kegiatan microteaching, belajar, mengikuti seminar dan kegiatan-kegiatan yang dapat meningkatkan kompetensi tersebut.</p>
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH MODEL BAURAN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR DAN PERSEPSI MAHASISWA [THE EFFECT OF THE BLENDED LEARNING MODEL ON STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES AND PERCEPTIONS]
Authors: Mamahit Calvin E. J. 
Published: January 2021

<p>This study aims to determine whether distance learning can effectively be implemented. This study compares the blended model of distance learning to traditional learning. The comparison is related to students’ learning outcomes and their perceptions of the two different learning models. This research is a quantitative study using a quasi-experimental research design with a time-series model. The population of this research was all fourth semester students who took digital electronics courses. Data collection was carried out in two ways: first, by using several tests to gather data on learning outcomes and, second, by giving questionnaires to determine student perceptions. Data analysis was performed using the t test for paired (dependent) samples. This study revealed that there were statistical differences between blended learning and traditional learning (p &lt; 0.05). This result also showed that the blended model of distance learning was more effective than traditional learning.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: </strong>Penelitian ini adalah bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pembelajaran jarak jauh efektif untuk diterapkan. Penelitian ini membandingkan antara pembelajaran jarak jauh model bauran dengan pembelajaran tradisional. Yang dibandingkan adalah hasil belajar mahasiswa dan persepsi mereka pada kedua pembelajaran ini. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan desain penelitian quasi-eksperimen model <em>time-series</em>. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua mahasiswa semester 4 yang mengikuti perkuliahan mata kuliah Elektronika Digital. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan dua cara yaitu dengan beberapa tes untuk data hasil belajar dan kuesioner untuk data persepsi mahasiswa. Analisa data dibuat dengan menggunakan uji <em>t</em> untuk sampel berpasangan (tak bebas). Hasil analisis uji <em>t</em> dan perbandingan <em>mean</em> diperoleh bahwa terdapat perbedaan pada kedua sampel rata-rata yang diuji dan pembelajaran jarak jauh model bauran memiliki rata-rata yang lebih tinggi dari pembelajaran tradisional (P&lt;0.05). Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran jarak jauh model bauran adalah lebih efektif dari pembelajaran tradisional.</p>
Retinal vessel segmentation with constrained-based nonnegative matrix factorization and 3D modified Attention U-Net
Authors: Yu Yang , Zhu Hongqing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Due to the complex morphology and characteristic of retinal vessels, it remains challenging for most of the existing algorithms to accurately detect them. This paper proposes a supervised retinal vessels extraction scheme using constrained-based Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) and 3D modified Attention U-Net architecture. The proposed method detects the retinal vessels by three major steps. First, we perform Gaussian filter and Gamma correction on the Green channel of retinal images to suppress background noise and adjust the contrast of images. Then, the study develops a new within-class and between-class constrained NMF algorithms to extract neighborhood feature information of every pixel and reduce feature data dimension. By using these constraints, the method can effectively gather similar features within-class and discriminate features between-class to improve feature description ability for each pixel. Next, this study formulates segmentation task as a classification problem and solves it with a more contributing 3D modified Attention U-Net as a two-labels classifier for reducing computational cost. This proposed network contains an up-sampling to raise image resolution before encoding and revert image to its original size with a down-sampling after three max-pooling layers. Besides, the Attention Gate (AG) set in these layers contributes to more accurate segmentation by maintaining details while suppressing noises. Finally, the experimental results on two publicly available datasets STARE and DRIVE demonstrate better performance than most existing methods.
Study on the regulation function of spinal cord micro-stimulation signal parameters on hind limb movement in rats
Authors: Ma Lei , Li Ziqiang , Shen Xiaoyan , Bian Xiongheng , Li Zhiling , Shen Jiahuan 
Published: January 2021

Functional electrical stimulation of the spinal cord can evoke limb movement in patients with motor dysfunction caused by injury or pathology. Research question: However, the adjustment function of micro-stimulation signal parameters in the spinal cord on the motion of hind limbs about rodents has not been identified. The amplitude, frequency and pulse width of the spinal cord micro-stimulation signal were adjusted to quantitatively analyze the changes of the joint angles when the hindlimb produced extension and flexion responses. When the rat’s extension and flexion responses are induced, the optimal stimulus signal amplitudes are 40 µA and 90 µA respectively. At the same time, the optimal stimulation signal frequency range is (35±5) Hz and the best pulse width of the stimulation signal is 200 µs. The results can provide a further reference for the development of spinal cord stimulator for hindlimb regulation.
Understanding values of sanitation users: examining preferences and behaviors for sanitation systems
Authors: Seymour Zakiya A. , Cloete Eugene , McCurdy Margaret , Olson Mira , Hughes Joseph 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Sanitation policy and development has undergone a paradigm shift away from supply-driven toward behavioral-based demand-driven approaches. This shift to increase sanitation demand requires multiple stakeholders with varying degrees of interest, knowledge, and capacity. Currently, the design of appropriate sanitation technology disconnects user preference integration from sanitation technology design, resulting in fewer sanitation technologies being adopted and used. This research examines how preferences for specific attributes of appropriate sanitation technologies and implementation arrangements influence their adoption and usage. Data collected included interviews of 1,002 sanitation users living in a peri-urban area of South Africa; the surveyed respondents were asked about their existing sanitation technology, their preferences for various sanitation technology design attributes, as well as their perspectives on current and preferred sanitation implementation arrangements. The data revealed that user acceptability of appropriate sanitation technology is influenced by the adoption classification of the users. Statistically significant motives and barriers to sanitation usage showed a differentiation between users who share private sanitation from those who use communal sanitation facilities. The user acceptability of appropriate sanitation systems is dependent on the technical design attributes of sanitation. The development of utility functions detailed the significance of seven technical design attributes and determined their respective priorities.
An analysis on the influence of precipitation infiltration on groundwater under different irrigation conditions in the semi-arid area
Authors: Yan Long , Chen Min-jian , Hu Peng , Li Di-li , Wang Yong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The West Liaohe Plain is a typical semi-arid area, where the process of rainfall infiltration to replenish groundwater is a key link in its vertical hydrological cycle. In this paper, we compare and analyze the impact upon soil moisture movement and water infiltration after the shift of irrigation method from flood irrigation to mulched drip irrigation under mulch through setting up in-field in-situ observation points and carrying out groundwater depth dynamic observation. The results show that compared with mulched drip irrigation under mulch, flood irrigation has a stronger response to rainfall infiltration and a quicker response time in the rise of underground depth. With the decrease of groundwater level, the effect of rainfall infiltration to replenish groundwater is significantly weakened. In the flood irrigation area, the groundwater depth at about 8 m already has no obvious response to a small amount of rainfall. However, the groundwater depth at 6 m in the area of mulched drip irrigation under mulch already has no response to rainfall. Therefore, when groundwater extraction is carried out in irrigation areas, reasonable groundwater extraction levels should be designated in light of different irrigation methods to maintain the sustainable utilization of groundwater.
Synthesis and characterization of modified activated carbon (MgO/AC) for methylene blue adsorption: optimization, equilibrium isotherm and kinetic studies
Authors: Ghalehkhondabi Vahab , Fazlali Alireza , Ketabi Keyhan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) is the cationic dye that is widely used for coloring cotton, wool, and silk. Since MB is harmful to human beings and toxic to microorganisms, there is the need to find cheap and efficient methods for removal of MB from wastewater prior to disposal into natural waters. In the present study, MB adsorption potential of MgO/AC prepared using a sol–gel-thermal deep-coating method was compared with the activated carbon (AC). The central composite design (CCD) as a method of the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to minimize the number of runs and process optimization. The characterization of the microporous MgO/AC composite showed that the magnesium oxide nanoparticles were successfully coated on the AC and the BET specific surface area of AC and MgO/AC were 1,540 and 1,246 m2/g, respectively. The MB removal efficiency and the maximum adsorption capacity of AC and MgO/AC were 89.6, 97.5% and 571.7, 642.3 mg/g, respectively under optimum operational conditions of initial dye concentration of 100.9 mg/L, the adsorbent dosage of 69.4 mg/100 mL, pH of 10.2 and contact time of 149.1 min. According to an analysis of variance (ANOVA), the initial dye concentration and its interaction with the other effective factors have a large impact on adsorption efficiency. Furthermore, the mechanism of adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9935, Δqe = 2.9%) and adsorption kinetics fitted by the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.9967, Δqe = 6.6%). Finally, our results suggest that the prepared MgO/AC is an efficient and promising material for dye wastewater treatment.
Ethnomedicinal Plants for the Management of Diabetes Worldwide: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aumeeruddy Muhammad Zakariyyah , Mahomoodally Mohamad Fawzi 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The increasing incidence of diabetes worldwide has urged researchers
to explore novel antidiabetic agents from natural products. Ethnomedicinal
field studies on diabetes have expanded across the globe, documenting large numbers of
folk medicinal plants against diabetes. Nonetheless, a systematic review of these surveys
has not been conducted so far. This study documents the medicinal plants traditionally
used globally for managing diabetes.

Methods:
Key databases including Sciencedirect, Medline/PubMed, and Google Scholar
were scrutinized. The Plant List and The International Plant Names Index (IPNI) were
used to validate the scientific plant names.

Results:
2004 traditionally used plants belonging to 1112 genera and 197 families were
reported across 92 countries for the management of diabetes. Leguminosae (105 genera
and 193 species), Compositae (97 genera and 188 species), and Lamiaceae (47 genera
and 121 species) were the main plant families reported. Momordica charantia L., Syzygium
cumini (L.) Skeels, Allium sativum L., Azadirachta indica A.Juss., Catharanthus
roseus (L.) G.Don, Olea europaea L., Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Gymnema
sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm., Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., and Allium cepa L were the species
mostly reported. Indeed, the antidiabetic properties of these main species have been
evidenced by experimental studies. Several antidiabetic compounds acting via different
mechanisms have been identified, including momordicoside, karaviloside, cucurbitacin,
charantin, and charantoside from M. charantia, cuminoside from S. cumini, S-allyl cysteine
sulfoxide from A. sativum, limonoids from A. indica, alkaloids including vindoline,
vindolidine, vindolicine and vindolinine from C. roseus, oleuropein and oleanolic acid
from O. europaea, flavone C-glycosides such as vicenin-1, isoschaftoside, and schaftoside
from T. foenum-graecum seeds, gymnemosides, gymnemagenin, and pregnane glycosides
from G. sylvestre, chysalodin from A. vera, and quercetin from A. cepa.

Conclusion:
This review is the first to provide a compiled list of traditional medicinal
plants used worldwide against diabetes.