bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between environmental variables and spatial and temporal distribution of jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea
Authors: Feng Yuting , Shi Haiyi , Hou Gang , Zhao Hui , Dong Changming 
Published: November 2021

The jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) is both a dominant pelagic fish species and an important fishing target in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea. However, the resource status of this species fluctuates dramatically, and it has recently been added to a “red list” of threatened species of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Despite its economic importance and decreasing population status, limited research on its spatiotemporal distribution has been undertaken over the last decades. In order to evaluate the most crucial factors that influence the spatiotemporal variability of T. japonicus and to determine GAM performance and predictability, we analyze catch per unit effort (CPUE) of T. japonicus from Beibu Gulf over four seasons (months) from 2013 to 2014. A generalized additive model (GAMs) is populated with water depth and remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) and sea level anomaly (SLA). The CPUE of T. japonicus varies seasonally, with higher CPUE in summer and autumn than in spring and winter, and the highest CPUE in summer. GAM results explain 57% of the deviation explained in CPUE, with the most important variables being SLA, Month, Depth, SSS, and SST , each explaining 21.2%, 18.7%, 10.7%, 5.1%, and 1.3% of the variation in CPUE, respectively. This species occurs mainly between 50 and 75 m depth, SSS values 32.3–33.5 PSU and SST 25–30.5 °C. High CPUE sites occur near SLA ≤ 0 m, on the edge of cold eddies, and there is a certain catch near the sea surface with SLA ≥ 0 m. The spatial and temporal distribution of T. japonicus is affected by the season and the marine hydrological environment. This study might contribute to a better understanding of the distributional patterns of T. japonicus as well as provide a basis for sustainable management in the Beibu Gulf.
E-BOOK CERITA BERGAMBAR PENCEGAHAN BULLYING UNTUK ANAK USIA 9-11 TAHUN BERBASIS ALKITAB
Authors: Krisdian Eka Anggraeni , Subekti Iman 
Published: November 2021

Cables News Network (CNN) Indonesia (Desember 2019), mencatat 41% pelajar Indonesia mengaku menjadi korban bullying / perundungan. Sedangkan, rata-rata anak dalam perundungan pada negara OCED (Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development) sebesar 23%. Indonesia juga menjadi negara urutan ke-5 dari 78 negara yang memiliki jumlah kasus perundungan murid terbanyak. Fenomena terjadinya bullying oleh anak-anak ini juga terjadi di Sekolah Kristen yang menerapkan Pendidikan Kristen. Fenomena ini terjadi dalam komunitas anak usia 9-11 tahun. Komunitas Pendidikan Kristen yaitu keluarga, sekolah, dan gereja harus segera bertindak untuk melakukan pencegahan terhadap tindakan bullying yang tidak sesuai dengan teladan dan kasih Tuhan Yesus Kristus. Pencegahan dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara misalnya program literasi digital yaitu e-book cerita bergambar yang dekat dengan dunia anak-anak. Perspektif Alkitab haruslah menjadi dasar atas perancangan dari pencegahan bullying dengan tepat. E-book cerita bergambar pencegahan bullying untuk anak usia 9-11 tahun berbasis Alkitab bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi mengenai pengertian, dampak, dan jenis dari bullying serta memberikan pandangan dari Alkitab (konsep Creation, Fall, Redemption, Consummation) yang dipakai sebagai prinsip pencegahan bullying. E-book ini dibuat melalui tahap perencanaan cover, isi, grafis dan pemilihan bahasa. Hasil validasi menujukkan bahwa produk ini layak untuk digunakan dengan adanya masukan dari validator ahli. Analisis uji coba yang dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan wawancara dan angket kuesioner. Hasil dari uji coba menunjukkan bahwa melalui e-book ini, anak usia 9-11 tahun mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan mengenai bullying dan memahami konsep CFRC sebagai prinsip pencegahan bullying.
Diluted Ionic Liquid Electrolyte‐Assisted Stable Cycling of Small Molecular Organics
Authors: Xu Ting , Qin Jian , Liu Yutao , Lan Qing , Zhao Yali , Song Zhiping , Zhan Hui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSmall‐molecular organic materials with high capacity and fast reaction kinetics have gained increasing attention, but they are greatly bothered by the dissolution issue. Unlike the mainstream approaches of material processing, herein, an electrolyte strategy has been proposed to address the dissolution loss of anhydride materials. With the assistance of binary diluent, longer than 1000 times of stable cycling have been realized by 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) in ionic liquid electrolyte. Further investigation indicates that the diluent strategy has enabled the same stable cycling under high temperature or on high‐loading electrodes, and additionally, its effectiveness has been proved on other small‐molecular organics.
Electrochemically Exfoliated WS2 Nanosheets for the Electrochemical Impedimetric Detection of NADH
Authors: Doonyapisut Dulyawat , Kannan Padmanathan Karthick , Kim Byeongkyu , Chung Chan‐Hwa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, exfoliated WS2 nanosheets were synthesized using a two‐electrode‐configured electrochemical exfoliation method and they were used as a potential material for the detection of NADH. Using screen‐printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) as a sensing platform, exfoliated WS2 nanostructures (ex‐WS2) were drop‐casted and their electrocatalytic activity was studied in the presence of NADH. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was applied as a sensing tool to achieve superior sensing performance towards NADH. At the optimized DC bias value of 0.4 V, the developed NADH sensor shows linear calibration plots in the ranges of 2 to 2048 μM. From the calibration data, the sensitivity value was found to be 36.875 Ω log([NADH])−1 with the limit of detection (LOD) value of 57 nM. In addition to that, it also exhibited very high selectivity in the presence of other possible interfering species, suggesting that the present exfoliated WS2‐modified SPCE‐based sensing platform could be used for the impedimetric label‐free monitoring of NADH in various fields.
Synergetic Engineering of High‐Oxidation‐State Cations on Phase Boundaries toward High‐Efficiency Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Qiu Yanling , Li Qin , Ji Xuqiang , Liu Jingquan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInterfacial structure engineering with multiple high‐oxidation‐state cations, especially those that show unstable higher‐valence during catalysis towards superior electron synergy, for high‐performance electrocatalysis is of great interest and full of challenges. Lattice distortion from lattice strain at phase boundaries as a result of interfacial structure engineering is also appealing. Fe oxyhydroxide containing Fe3+ lead to unstable Fe4+ with a short lifetime on edge/defect sites during steady‐state water‐oxidation catalysis. Such material was deliberately installed to achieve atom‐scale combination with Ni3+ relevant layered double hydroxide to construct high‐energy interfaces for high‐oxidation‐state cations synergy and induce lattice distortion. The Fe‐o‐NiAlOH exhibited prominent property toward oxygen evolution reaction with 202 mV to drive 10 mA cm−2. Fe‐o‐NiAlOH also showed hydrogen evolution reaction activity, requiring an overpotential of 180 mV for 10 mA cm−2. Alkaline water electrolyzer with Fe‐o‐NiAlOH as both anodic and cathodic electrodes required only 1.64 V to reach 10 mA cm−2. This work offers an effective well‐defined electrocatalyst and shows the synergetic protocol of unstable high‐oxidation‐state cations and lattice defects for high‐performance water decomposition catalysis.
Enantioselective analyses of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in rat liver microsomes through chiral liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Guo Dong , He Rujian , Su Wenxia , Liang Ziqing , Zhang Weiguang , Fan Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn efficient, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) chiral analysis method was established for determination of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine enantiomers in rat liver microsomes. Effects of polysaccharide chiral stationary phases and basic additives on chiral separations of two analytes were discussed in detail. Amylose tris(3, 5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate)‐coated chiral stationary phase showed the best separation performance for them with acetonitrile‐diethylamine‐ethanol‐diethylamine mixture (90:0.1:10:0.1, v/v/v/v) among four chiral stationary phases. Then, multiple reaction monitoring mode was selected as the data acquisition for determination of two pairs of enantiomers. The proposed LC–MS/MS chiral analysis method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and specificity. Good linearity with correlation coefficient over 0.998 was obtained in the concentration range of 0.05–5 μM. Limits of quantification for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine enantiomers were 5.0 and 1.0 nM, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 81.14% to 111.09%. The intra‐day and inter‐day relative standard deviation were less than 6.5%. Moreover, concentrations of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine enantiomers in rat liver microsomes were determined through the proposed LC–MS/MS analysis method. After incubated with rat liver microsomes for 10 min, the enantiomeric factor of hydroxychloroquine decreased from 0.50 to 0.45 (p < 0.001). In brief, our developed determination method for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine enantiomers through LC–MS/MS spectrometry showed the characteristics of high‐efficiency, fast speed, and very low detection limit, and would be greatly beneficial for screening and quantitation of them in biological matrices.
PriTxt: A privacy risk assessment method for text data based on semantic correlation learning
Authors: Xiong Ping , Liang Lin , Zhu Yunli , Zhu Tianqing 
Published: November 2021

SummaryPrivacy risk assessment plays a fundamental role in privacy preservation, as it determines the extent to which subsequent processing (such as generalization and obfuscation), should be applied to the sensitive data. However, most existing works on privacy risk assessment have focused on structured data, while unstructured text data remain relatively underexplored due to the complexity of natural language. In this article, we propose a novel method, PriTxt, for evaluating the privacy risk associated with text data by exploiting the semantic correlation. Using definitions derived from the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), a de facto standard of privacy preservation in practice, PriTxt first defines the private features that related to individual privacy in order to locate the sensitive words. By using the word2vec algorithm, a word‐embedding model is further constructed to identify the quasi‐sensitive words that are semantically correlated to the private features. The privacy risk of a given text is finally evaluated by aggregating the weighted risks of the sensitive and the quasi‐sensitive words in the text. Experiments on real‐world datasets demonstrate that the proposed PriTxt is effective for conducting risk assessment on text data and further outperforms the traditional methods.
Spatio‐temporal effects of inundation and climate on vegetation greenness dynamics in dryland floodplains
Authors: Shaeri Karimi Sara , Saintilan Neil , Wen Li , Cox Jonathan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMonitoring floodplain vegetation response to water availability is essential for sustainable water resource management. However, the interpretation of these responses through space and time has been challenging due to the limitation of satellite‐derived inundation extent, which is restricted by the return period of imagery and prevalence of clouds affected images during high flow events. We address this issue by utilising a predictive inundation model capable of reporting inundation at daily temporal resolution. Spatio‐temporal patterns in vegetation greenness of four floodplain vegetation communities (Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus largiflorens, Eucalyptus coolabah and Duma florulenta) were quantified using Landsat‐derived vegetation index and a combination of time series of floodplain inundation pattern, rainfall and soil moisture for the years 1989–2016. The results show that vegetation dynamics were highly variable between years and are closely associated with irregular rainfall patterns and overbank flooding. Linear mixed‐effect models explained between 38% and 67% of the variability in vegetation productivity, with all involved variables being significant predictors (p < 0.05). The effects of rainfall, soil moisture and inundation were diverse and depended on vegetation type. Higher inundation frequency and low interflood period often corresponded to lower vegetation responses, which may relate to a mixed surface water and vegetation signal, or a short‐term inhibitive effect of surface water on growth. These results highlight the importance of groundwater and lagged effects of rainfall and flow in explaining patterns of vegetation condition in semi‐arid floodplains and should be considered in the design of environmental water monitoring programmes.
Microstructure Manipulation of Polyurethane‐Based Macromolecular Scaffold for Tendon/Ligament Tissue Engineering
Authors: Bahrami Saeid , Solouk Atefeh , Duprez Delphine , Mirzadeh Hamid 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn spite of improvements in tissue engineering approaches, tendon and ligament (T/L) regeneration is still a clinical challenge. The fabrication of functional scaffolds that possess the structural and biological properties of native T/L tissues is critical to a successful healing. Herein, the effect of scaffold microstructure on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) response is evaluated. Electrospun polyurethane (EPU) scaffolds with different alignment degrees of nanofibers are fabricated using five rotating speeds of the collector. Although the constructs display similarity in terms of porosity (85%), the increasing degree of alignment results in a notable reduction of fiber diameter. Accordingly, it also improves the tensile strength from 26.44 ± 0.50 to 35.76 ± 1.50 MPa and tensile modulus from 18.94 ± 1.02 to 31.10 ± 1.11 MPa. Furthermore, despite similarities of cell supporting behavior among all types of scaffolds in terms of cell attachment, spreading, proliferation, and infiltration, the aligned nanofibers noticeably direct cell orientation parallel to their alignment direction, resulting in significant upregulation of tendon‐related markers expression. Taken together, the results highlight that the aligned EPU scaffolds are a promising candidate for T/L regeneration, which deserves to be further investigated with long‐term studies.
Sex dimorphism in cardiac and aerobic capacities: The influence of body composition
Authors: Diaz‐Canestro Candela , Pentz Brandon , Sehgal Arshia , Montero David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe contribution of body composition to sex differences in strong prognostic cardiorespiratory variables remains unresolved. This study aimed to elucidate whether body composition determines sex differences in cardiac and oxygen (O2) uptake responses to incremental exercise.MethodsHealthy, moderately active women and men (n = 60, age = 60.7 [12.3] years) matched by age and cardiorespiratory fitness were included. Body composition was determined via dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Transthoracic echocardiography and O2 uptake were assessed at rest and throughout incremental exercise with established methods. Major cardiac and pulmonary outcomes were normalized by body surface area (BSA), total lean body mass (LBM), or leg LBM.ResultsWomen presented with smaller anthropometrical indices (height, weight, BSA) and LBM compared with men (p < 0.001). Peak exercise cardiac dimensions and output (i.e., peak cardiac outout [Qpeak]), commonly normalized by BSA, were reduced in women relative to men (p ≤ 0.019). Cardiac sex differences were abolished after normalization by total or leg LBM (p ≥ 0.115). Strong linear relationships of total and leg LBM with Qpeak and peak oxygen uptake were detected exclusively in women (r ≥ 0.53, p ≤ 0.003), independent of body fat percentage.ConclusionsTotal and leg LBM stand out as strong independent determinants of cardiac and aerobic capacities in women, regardless of body fat percentage, relationships that are not present in age‐ and fitness‐matched men.
Substitutions at a rheostat position in human aldolase A cause a shift in the conformational population
Authors: Fenton Kathryn D. , Meneely Kathleen M. , Wu Tiffany , Martin Tyler A. , Swint‐Kruse Liskin , Fenton Aron W. , Lamb Audrey L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSome protein positions play special roles in determining the magnitude of protein function: at such “rheostat” positions, varied amino acid substitutions give rise to a continuum of functional outcomes, from wild type (or enhanced), to intermediate, to loss of function. This observed range raises interesting questions about the biophysical bases by which changes at single positions have such varied outcomes. Here, we assessed variants at position 98 in human aldolase A (“I98X”). Despite being ~17 Å from the active site and far from subunit interfaces, substitutions at position 98 have rheostatic contributions to the apparent cooperativity (nH) associated with fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate substrate binding and moderately affected binding affinity. Next, we crystallized representative I98X variants to assess structural consequences. Residues smaller than the native isoleucine (cysteine and serine) were readily accommodated, and the larger phenylalanine caused only a slight separation of the two parallel helixes. However, the diffraction quality was reduced for I98F, and further reduced for I98Y. Intriguingly, the resolutions of the I98X structures correlated with their nH values. We propose that substitution effects on both nH and crystal lattice disruption arise from changes in the population of aldolase A conformations in solution. In combination with results computed for rheostat positions in other proteins, the results from this study suggest that rheostat positions accommodate a wide range of side chains and that structural consequences manifest as shifted ensemble populations and/or dynamics changes.
Comparison of prostate cancer detection rates in patients undergoing MRI/TRUS fusion prostate biopsy with two different software‐based systems
Authors: Hanske Julian , Risse Yannic , Roghmann Florian , Pucheril Daniel , Berg Sebastian , Tully Karl H. , von Landenberg Nicolas , Wald Jan , Noldus Joachim , Brock Marko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐targeted prostate biopsy is a routinely used diagnostic tool for prostate cancer (PCa) detection. However, a clear superiority of the optimal approach for software‐based MRI processing during biopsy procedures is still unanswered. To investigate the impact of robotic approach and software‐based image processing (rigid vs. elastic) during MRI/transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion prostate biopsy (FBx) on overall and clinically significant (cs) PCa detection.MethodsThe study relied on the instructional retrospective biopsy data collected data between September 2013 and August 2017. Overall, 241 men with at least one suspicious lesion (PI‐RADS ≥ 3) on multiparametric MRI underwent FBx. The study protocol contains a systematic 12‐core sextant biopsy plus 2 cores per targeted lesion. One experienced urologist performed 1048 targeted biopsy cores; 467 (45%) cores were obtained using rigid processing, while the remaining 581 (55%) cores relied on elastic image processing. CsPCa was defined as International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade ≥ 2. The effect of rigid versus elastic FBx on overall and csPCa detection rates was determined. Propensity score weighting and multivariable regression models were used to account for potential biases inherent to the retrospective study design.ResultsIn multivariable regression analyses, age, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), and PIRADS ≥ 3 lesion were related to higher odds of finding csPCa. Elastic software‐based image processing was independently associated with a higher overall PCa (odds ratio [OR] = 3.6 [2.2–6.1], p < 0.001) and csPCa (OR = 4.8 [2.6–8.8], p < 0.001) detection, respectively.ConclusionsContrary to existing literature, our results suggest that the robotic‐driven software registration with elastic fusion might have a substantial effect on PCa detection.
Incidence of iodine deficiency and congenital goitre in goats and kids of Darreh Garm region, Khorramabad, Iran
Authors: Davoodi Farshid , Zakian Amir , Rocky Alireza , Raisi Abbas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne of the thyroid disorders of ruminants is goitre, which is triggered by iodine deficiency. This study evaluates goitre in the goats of the Darreh Garm region in the vicinity of the Khorramabad city. Three goats with congenital enlarged thyroid glands were referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Lorestan University with signs of arrhythmia, dyspnea and anorexia. Clinical examination, radiographic and sonographic evaluations were performed. Afterward, a comprehensive visual observation was accomplished in the outbreak region and blood samples were taken for thyroid hormones measurement in does and kids. Moreover, soil and forage samples were collected to assess the iodine concentration and soil parameters. Results indicated that the thyroid hormone concentration in the serum of the affected does and kids were significantly lower than healthy and treated animals. Treatment with sodium thyroxine significantly increased the concentration of T3 and T4 hormones. Pasture (5.28 ± 1.57 mg/kg) and soil (11.0 ± 1.49 mg/kg) iodine levels were lower than normal levels in this region. Histopathological slides of the thyroid glands from the dead kids indicated thyroid follicles with different sizes and hyperplasia of the glands. Overall, a 0.5 mg/kg iodine in the diet meal of the goats needs to be considered for prevention of the iodine deficiency.
The Weak Gravity Conjecture and axion strings
Authors: Heidenreich Ben , Reece Matthew , Rudelius Tom 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Strong (sublattice or tower) formulations of the Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) imply that, if a weakly coupled gauge theory exists, a tower of charged particles drives the theory to strong coupling at an ultraviolet scale well below the Planck scale. This tower can consist of low-spin states, as in Kaluza-Klein theory, or high-spin states, as with weakly-coupled strings. We provide a suggestive bottom-up argument based on the mild p-form WGC that, for any gauge theory coupled to a fundamental axion through a θF ∧ F term, the tower is a stringy one. The charge-carrying string states at or below the WGC scale gMPl are simply axion strings for θ, with charged modes arising from anomaly inflow. Kaluza-Klein theories evade this conclusion and postpone the appearance of high-spin states to higher energies because they lack a θF ∧ F term. For abelian Kaluza-Klein theories, modified arguments based on additional abelian groups that interact with the Kaluza-Klein gauge group sometimes pinpoint a mass scale for charged strings. These arguments reinforce the Emergent String and Distant Axionic String Conjectures. We emphasize the unproven assumptions and weak points of the arguments, which provide interesting targets for further work. In particular, a sharp characterization of when gauge fields admit θF ∧ F couplings and when they do not would be immensely useful for particle phenomenology and for clarifying the implications of the Weak Gravity Conjecture.