bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harmonic scalpels compared with electrocautery in reconstructive flap harvesting: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Jaehoon , Shin Youngmin , Jeong Woonhyeok 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies have compared electrical devices used for flap surgery, but the results are inconsistent. This research was performed to evaluate the efficacy of two different types of electric devices: electrocautery and ultrasonic shears.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched systematically. A total of 505 cases were included in this study, including 209 electrocautery and 296 harmonic scalpel cases. The following information was retrieved from the included studies: the first author of the article, publication year, flap type, flap harvest time, drain volume, bleeding volume and postoperative complications. Hematoma, infection, flap necrosis and wound dehiscence were considered postoperative complications. The Q statistic for heterogeneity and the I2 index were calculated. If I2 < 50%, we used a fixed‐effects model; if I2 > 50%, we employed a random‐effects model in our meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of eight studies which met the inclusion criteria were included and reviewed systematically for a meta‐analysis. The harmonic scalpel yielded a statistically significantly more favorable flap harvest time and drain volume than did electrocautery. The Harmonic scalpel led to a shorter flap harvest time by 26.29 min (95% CI = −39.38 to −13.2; p < .00001) and smaller drain volume by 58.76 ml (95% CI = −105.27 to −12.25; p = .01) on average. However, there were no significant differences in the bleeding volume or incidence rates of infection, flap necrosis and wound dehiscence.ConclusionThe Harmonic scalpel method yields better outcomes in terms of the flap harvest time and drain volume than does the conventional electrocautery method. Therefore, the Harmonic scalpel is a better option for cauterization and dissection in flap surgery.
Exponentially correlated Hylleraas‐configuration interaction studies of atomic systems. II. Non‐relativistic energies of the 1 through 6 states of the Li+ ion
Authors: Sims James S. , Padhy Bholanath , Ruiz María Belén 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe exponentially correlated Hylleraas‐configuration interaction wave function (E‐Hy‐CI) is a generalization of the Hylleraas‐configuration interaction (Hy‐CI) in which the single of an Hy‐CI wave function is generalized to the generic type . This type of correlation has the right behavior both in the vicinity of the cusp and as goes to infinity; this work shows that wave functions containing both linear and exponential factors converge more rapidly than either one alone for low‐lying excited states of 1S symmetry. E‐Hy‐CI variational calculations with up to 8568 configurations lead to a nonrelativistic energy of −7.2799 1341 2669 3059 6491 6759 hartree for the 1 1S ground state of the Li+ ion.
Fabrication of Silica‐Supported Al‐Doped ZnO and Its Use in the Elimination of the Toxic Organic Ingredients from Industrial Effluents
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Bashir Sheraz , Habib Amir , Jamil Akmal , Afzal Adeel , Iqbal Naseer 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHerein, an easy co‐precipitation method was adopted to fabricate Al‐doped ZnO nanoflakes as a photocatalyst to remove noxious organic dye from industrial waste. The silica (SiO2) additive, owing to its network structure and excessive hydroxyl groups (Si‐OH), has a great potential to capture dye molecules in its porous network. Application studies have shown that the Al‐doped ZnO/SiO2 nanohybrid is more suitable for practical application because it eliminates almost 95 % of methylene blue (MB) dye after 120 minutes of exposure to solar light irradiation. The exceptional photodegradation efficiency of the Al‐doped ZnO/SiO2 nanohybrid can be accredited to its narrower optical band gap, distinctive texture, hybrid composition, and good dye holding ability. The Al‐doped ZnO nanoflakes exhibited a superior photocurrent response that was 4.60 times more than the bare ZnO response. Furthermore, EIS and Mott‐Schottky studies reveal that the Al‐doped ZnO catalyst facilitates the effective charge separation/transfer process and impedes electron‐hole pair recombination, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic activity .
A Water‐Stable Tb(III) Metal‐Organic Framework with Multiple Fluorescent Centers for Efficient Self‐Calibration Sensing Pesticides
Authors: Gao Guoxu , Liu Wei , Liu Gongchi , Zhu Mingchang , Zhang Ying , Wu Shuangyan , Gao Enjun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTraditional single‐fluorescence sensors have certain limitations in selectivity and sensitivity, and developing novel self‐calibration probes is highly required. Herein, a novel water‐stabilized lanthanide metal‐organic framework (MOF) sensor (Tb‐BDOA) was selected, and its multiple emission peaks were used to self‐calibrate sensing pesticide. Tb‐BDOA emits green fluorescence at 445 nm,488 nm,545 nm,587 nm and 621 nm under the excitation of 280 nm. Different pesticides will cause different changes in the emission peaks of Tb‐BDOA, so as to conveniently distinguish different pesticides and displays self‐ calibration fluorescent response to nicosulfuron (NSF) and thiamethoxam (TMT). Besides the unique combination of each pesticide and ligand→Tb(III) emission intensity ratio showed significant correlation, which realized specific two‐dimensional fingerprint recognition. At the same time, 3D code recognition is realized by drawing the changes of two ratios under different concentrations. As a result, the novel self‐calibration sensor demonstrates effective recognition of NSF and TMT with excellent sensitivity and selectivity as well as great recycling ability. This provides a promising strategy for the development of new self‐calibrating sensors.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Functionalization of Arenes/Heteroarenes via Tandem C−H Activation and Subsequent Carbene Migratory Insertion Strategy
Authors: Jha Neha , Khot Nandkishor Prakash , Kapur Manmohan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed tremendous developments in transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H bond activation and subsequent carbene migratory insertion reactions, thus assisting in the construction of diverse arene/heteroarene scaffolds. Various transition‐metal catalysts serve this purpose and provide efficient pathways for an easy access to substituted heterocycles. A brief introduction to metal‐carbenes has been provided along with key mechanistic pathways underlying the coupling reactions. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise knowledge about diverse directing group‐assisted coupling of varied arenes/heteroarenes and acceptor‐acceptor/donor‐acceptor diazo compounds. The review also highlights the synthesis of various carbocycles and fused heterocycles through diazo insertion pathways, via C−C, C−N and C−O bond forming reactions. The mechanism usually involves a C−H activation process, followed by diazo insertion leading to subsequent coupling.
The effect of splash block on the need for analgesia in dogs subjected to video‐assisted ovariectomy
Authors: Cicirelli Vincenzo , Lacalandra Giovanni M , Aiudi Giulio G 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe present study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of splash block using lidocaine to provide additional analgesia during ovariectomy in bitches. To identify an acute intraoperative nociceptive response, three clinical parameters were used: increased blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate.Material and MethodsForty healthy bitches were randomly assigned to receive 2% lidocaine (L group) topical application (splash block) on both ovaries (2 mg/kg each), or an equal volume of NaCl 0.9% at the same sites (C group). A fentanyl bolus (2 µg/kg) was administered intraoperatively in response to an increase in blood pressure, heart rate or respiratory rate during surgery (> 30% compared with the pre‐incisional values).ResultsLocal lidocaine administration significantly reduced the need for supplementary fentanyl. Dogs in the L group showed greater intraoperative hemodynamic stability and lower surgical pain than those in the C group. In addition to the routine anaesthetic protocol, the local anaesthesia used in the present study was safe and caused no cardiopulmonary suppression. In addition, it significantly reduced the need for mandatory systemic or rescue analgesia.Clinical SignificanceOvariectomy is a common surgical procedure in bitches. Analgesia during this procedure is important because intraoperative pain can cause negative effects that prevent patient recovery. This study aimed to demonstrate the analgesic efficacy of lidocaine splash block in video‐assisted ovariectomy in dogs. The results showed that splash block improved surgical analgesia during canine laparoscopic ovariectomy. Considering its relative simplicity, low cost, and safety, splash block could be used in daily clinical practice.
Constraints on coloured scalars from global fits
Authors: Eberhardt Otto , Miralles Víctor , Pich Antonio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We consider a simple extension of the electroweak theory, incorporating one SU(2)L doublet of colour-octet scalars with Yukawa couplings satisfying the principle of minimal flavour violation. Using the HEPfit package, we perform a global fit to the available data, including all relevant theoretical constraints, and extract the current bounds on the model parameters. Coloured scalars with masses below 1.05 TeV are already excluded, provided they are not fermiophobic. The mass splittings among the different (charged and CP-even and CP-odd neutral) scalars are restricted to be smaller than 20 GeV. Moreover, for scalar masses smaller than 1.5 TeV, the Yukawa coupling of the coloured scalar multiplet to the top quark cannot exceed the one of the SM Higgs doublet by more than 80%. These conclusions are quite generic and apply in more general frameworks (without fine tunings). The theoretical requirements of perturbative unitarity and vacuum stability enforce relevant constraints on the quartic scalar potential parameters that are not yet experimentally tested.
Lorentzian dynamics and factorization beyond rationality
Authors: Chang Chi-Ming , Lin Ying-Hsuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We investigate the emergence of topological defect lines in the conformal Regge limit of two-dimensional conformal field theory. We explain how a local operator can be factorized into a holomorphic and an anti-holomorphic defect operator connected through a topological defect line, and discuss implications on analyticity and Lorentzian dynamics including aspects of chaos. We derive a formula relating the infinite boost limit, which holographically encodes the “opacity” of bulk scattering, to the action of topological defect lines on local operators. Leveraging the unitary bound on the opacity and the positivity of fusion coefficients, we show that the spectral radii of a large class of topological defect lines are given by their loop expectation values. Factorization also gives a formula relating the local and defect operator algebras and fusion categorical data. We then review factorization in rational conformal field theory from a defect perspective, and examine irrational theories. On the orbifold branch of the c = 1 free boson theory, we find a unified description for the topological defect lines through which the twist fields are factorized; at irrational points, the twist fields factorize through “non-compact” topological defect lines which exhibit continuous defect operator spectra. Along the way, we initiate the development of a formalism to characterize non-compact topological defect lines.
Perturbative unitarity constraints on generic Yukawa interactions
Authors: Allwicher Lukas , Arnan Pere , Barducci Daniele , Nardecchia Marco 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study perturbative unitarity constraints on generic Yukawa interactions where the involved fields have arbitrary quantum numbers under an ∏iSU(Ni) ⊗ U(1) group. We derive compact expressions for the bounds on the Yukawa couplings for the cases where the fields transform under the trivial, fundamental or adjoint representation of the various SU(N) factors. We apply our results to specific models formulated to explain the anomalous measurements of (g − 2)μ and of the charged- and neutral-current decays of the B mesons. We show that, while these models can generally still explain the observed experimental values, the required Yukawa couplings are pushed at the edge of the perturbative regime.
Lebenszeitprävalenz des Erlebens von Sex und sexueller Berührung gegen den eigenen Willen sowie Zusammenhänge mit gesundheitsbezogenen Faktoren
Authors: Brunner Franziska , Tozdan Safiye , Klein Verena , Dekker Arne , Briken Peer 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die negativen Auswirkungen von sexueller Gewalt auf die Gesundheit sind im vergangenen Jahrzehnt weltweit erneut stark in den gesundheitspolitischen Fokus gerückt. Bislang fehlen für Deutschland bevölkerungsrepräsentative Daten, auf deren Basis die Lebenszeitprävalenz für unterschiedliche Altersgruppen sowie spezifische Zusammenhänge zu gesundheitsbezogenen Faktoren dargestellt werden können.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Studie untersucht 1) die Lebenszeitprävalenz für Sex sowie sexuelle Berührung gegen den eigenen Willen im Kindesalter und über die Lebensspanne sowie 2) die Zusammenhänge mit gesundheitsbezogenen Faktoren.

Material und Methoden
4955 Personen im Alter von 18 bis 75 Jahren wurden in einer zweistufig geschichteten, randomisierten Einwohnermeldeamtsstichprobe im Rahmen des bundesweiten wissenschaftlichen Survey „Gesundheit und Sexualität in Deutschland“ (GeSiD) befragt. Die Zusammenhänge mit soziodemografischen und gesundheitsbezogenen Faktoren wurden (altersadjustiert und stratifiziert für Geschlecht) mittels logistischer Regression berechnet.

Ergebnisse
Für Frauen lag die Lebenszeitprävalenz für (versuchten/vollzogenen) Sex bei 14,9 % und für (versuchte/vollzogene) sexuelle Berührung gegen den Willen bei 40,8 %, für Männer bei 3,1 % respektive 13,2 %. Für erzwungenen Sex vor dem 14. Lebensjahr lag die Prävalenz bei 2,1 %, für sexuelle Berührung bei 7,5 %. Es zeigten sich höhere Prävalenzen bei Personen mit beeinträchtigter Lebensqualität, schlechtem Gesundheitszustand, chronischer Erkrankung oder Behinderung, einer Behandlung aufgrund von Depression oder einer anderen psychischen Störung im letzten Jahr.

Diskussion
Die Studie verdeutlicht Zusammenhänge von sexueller Gewalt mit psychischer und somatischer Gesundheit. Sie unterstreicht die Dringlichkeit, nach solchen Erfahrungen regelhaft in der ärztlichen Anamnese zu fragen.
Genetically determined blood lead is associated with reduced renal function amongst individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: insight from Mendelian Randomisation
Authors: Mazidi Mohsen , Kirwan Richard , Davies Ian G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Some observational studies indicate a link between blood lead and kidney function although results remain controversial. In this study, Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis was applied to obtain unconfounded estimates of the casual association of genetically determined blood lead with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Data from the largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on blood lead, eGFR and CKD, from predominantly ethnically European populations, were analysed in total, as well as separately in individuals with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, weighted median (WM)-based method, MR-Egger, MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (PRESSO) as well as the leave-one-out method were applied. In a general population, lifetime blood lead levels had no significant effect on risk of CKD (IVW: p = 0.652) and eGFR (IVW: p = 0.668). After grouping by type 2 diabetes status (no diabetes vs. diabetes), genetically higher levels of blood lead had a significant negative impact among subjects with type 2 diabetes (IVW = Beta: −0.03416, p = 0.0132) but not in subjects without (IVW: p = 0.823), with low likelihood of heterogeneity for any estimates (IVW p > 0.158). MR-PRESSO did not highlight any outliers. Pleiotropy test, with very negligible intercept and insignificant p-value, indicated a low likelihood of pleiotropy for all estimations. The leave-one-out method demonstrated that links were not driven by a single SNP. Our results show, for the first time, that among subjects with type 2 diabetes, higher blood lead levels are potentially related to less favourable renal function. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.

Key messages
What is already known about this subject?

Chronic kidney disease is associated with unfavourable lifestyle behaviours and conditions such as type 2 diabetes.

Observational studies have reported an association between blood lead and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate, but the relationship between lead exposure and renal function remains controversial.

What is the key question?

Using Mendelian randomisation with data from 5433 individuals from the UK and Australian populations, does genetically determined blood lead have a potentially causal effect on estimated glomerular filtration rate and the risk of chronic kidney disease?

What are the new findings?

Blood lead levels have a potentially causal effect on reduced renal function in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

In subjects without diabetes, no such causal relationship was identified.

How might this impact on clinical practice in the foreseeable future?

This highlights the risk of elevated blood lead, for example, due to environmental exposure, amongst those with type 2 diabetes, which may predispose them to impaired renal function.
The release of adhesions improves outcome following minimally invasive repair of Achilles tendon rupture
Authors: Carmont Michael R. , Knutsson Sara Brandt , Brorsson Annelie , Karlsson Jón , Nilsson-Helander Katarina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeOperative repair of Achilles tendon rupture may lead to complications, which influence outcome adversely. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, impact and response to treatment of post-operative adhesions.MethodsFrom February 2009 to 2021, 248 patients operated on with percutaneous or minimally invasive surgical repair have been prospectively evaluated using the Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) and Heel-Rise Height Index (HRHI), following acute Achilles tendon rupture.ResultsFourteen (5.6%) patients were identified as having adhesions. Four patients reported superficial adhesions and ten patients reported a deeper tightness of the tendon. At a mean (SD) of 10.5 (2.3) months following repair, the overall ATRS was at a median (IQR) 65 (44.5–78) points and (HRHI) was mean (SD) 81.5 (13.5)%. Of those deemed to have deep adhesions the antero-posterior diameter of the tendon was at mean (SD) 15.6 (4.6) mm. Open release of superficial adhesions resulted in improved ATRS in all patients. Endoscopic debridement anterior to the Achilles tendon led to alleviation of symptoms of tightness and discomfort from deep adhesions and improved outcome in terms of the ATRS score. At a mean (SD) of 15.9 (3.3)-month follow-up from initial rupture and repair, the patients reported at median (IQR) ATRS scores of 85 (64.8–92.8) points, Tegner level 5 (3–9) and mean (SD) HRHI 86.2 (9.5)%. Patients significantly improved both ATRS and HRHI following release at median (IQR) of 16.5 (− 1.8–29.3) points (p = 0.041) and mean (SD) 5.6 (8.3)% (p = 0.043).ConclusionsThe incidence of patient-reported adhesions following minimally invasive repair of Achilles tendon rupture was estimated to be 5.6%. The occurrence of superficial adhesions was associated with a lower outcome scores as well as symptoms of anterior tendon tightness and stiffness were associated with a lower score in most patients. Surgical release of adhesions led to a significant improvement in outcome.
Technology development and commercial applications of industrial fault diagnosis system: a review
Authors: Liu Chengze , Cichon Andrzej , Królczyk Grzegorz , Li Zhixiong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMachinery will fail due to complex and tough working conditions. It is necessary to apply reliable monitoring technology to ensure their safe operation. Condition-based maintenance (CBM) has attracted significant interest from the research community in recent years. This paper provides a review on CBM of industrial machineries. Firstly, the development of fault diagnosis systems is introduced systematically. Then, the main types of data in the field of the fault diagnosis are summarized. After that, the commonly used techniques for the signal processing, fault diagnosis, and remaining useful life (RUL) prediction are discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of these existing techniques are explored for some specific applications. Typical fault diagnosis products developed by corporations and universities are surveyed. Lastly, discussions on current developing situation and possible future trends are in the CBM performed.
Machinability analysis of dry and liquid nitrogen–based cryogenic cutting of Inconel 718: experimental and FE analysis
Authors: Pervaiz Salman , Kannan Sathish , Anwar Saqib , Huo Dehong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Inconel 718 is famous for its applications in the aerospace industry due to its inherent properties of corrosion resistance, wear resistance, high creep strength, and high hot hardness. Despite the favorable properties, it has poor machinability due to low thermal conductivity and high hot hardness. To limit the influence of high cutting temperature in the cutting zone, application of cutting flood is recommended during the cutting operation. Cryogenic cooling is the recommended method when machining Inconel 718. However, there is very limited literature available when it comes to the numerical finite element modeling of the process. This current study is focused on the machinability analysis of Inconel 718 using numerical approach with experimental validations. Dry and cryogenic cooling methods were compared in terms of associated parameters such as chip compression ratio, shear angle, contact length, cutting forces, and energy consumption for the primary and secondary deformation zones. In addition, parameters related to chip morphology were also investigated under both lubrication methods. Chip formation in cryogenic machining was well captured by the finite element assisted model and found in good agreement with the experimental chip morphology. Both experimental and numerical observations revealed comparatively less chip compression ratio in the cryogenic cooling with larger value of shear plane angle. This results in the smaller tool–chip contact length and better comparative lubrication.