bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Construction And Analysis of ceRNA Network And Patterns of Immune Infiltration In Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Jinglong , Liu Wenyao , Dong Xiaocheng , Dai Yunfeng , Chen Shaoshen , Zhao Enliang , Liu Yunlong , Bao Hongguang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common one of lung cancer. Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) may be closely associated with tumor progression. However, studies on ceRNAs and immune cells in LUAD are scarce. Method: The profiles of gene expression and clinical data of LUAD patients were extracted from the TCGA database and separated into two categories: LUADs and adjacent normal tissues. Bioinformatics methods were used to evaluate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and form a ceRNA network. Preliminary verification of clinical specimens was employed to detect the expressions of key biomarkers at the tissue level. Cox and Lasso regressions were used to screen the key genes and halt overfitting, upon which the prognosis prediction nomograms were formed. The interconnection between the risk score and immune components was evaluated using the CIBERSORT algorithm, while the conformation of notable tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in the LUAD tissues of the high- and the low-risk group was assessed using the RNA transcript relative subgroup for identifying the tissue types. Finally, co-expression study was used to examine the interconnection between the key genes in the ceRNA networks and the immune cells.Result: A ceRNA network of 115 RNAs was established, and nine key genes were screened to construct a Cox proportional-hazard model for making a prognostic nomogram. This risk-assessment model might serve as an unconstrained factor to forecast the prognosis of LUAD, and it was consistent with the preliminary verification of clinical specimens. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to screen four highly expressed LUAD-related immune infiltrating cells, identifying five immune cells with significant differences in the LUAD tissues of the high- and low-risk groups. Besides, two pairs of biomarkers associated with the growth of LUAD were found, i.e., E2F7 and macrophage M1 (R = 0.419, p = 1.4e-08) and DBF4 and macrophage M1 (R = 0.282, p < 2.2 e-16); they appeared to be co-expressed.Conclusion: This study identified several important ceRNAs (E2F7 and BNF4) and TIICs (macrophage M1), which might be related to the development and prognosis of LUAD. The established risk-assessment model might help better clinical management.
The Road Map From Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning Techniques Towards Image Captioning System.
Authors: S. revathi B. , Kowshalya A. Meena 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Image Captioning is the process of generating textual descriptions of an image. These descriptions need to be syntactically and semantically correct. Image Captioning has potential advantages in many applications like image indexing techniques, devices for visually impaired persons, social media and several other natural language processing applications. Image Captioning is a popular research area where numerous scopes for new findings exist in preparation of datasets, generating language models, developing the models and evaluating the same. This paper extensively surveys very early literature that includes the advent of Artificial Intelligence, the Machine Learning pathway, the photography era, the early Deep Learning and the current Deep Learning methodology for image Captioning. This survey will definitely help novice researchers to understand the roadmap to current techniques.
An Informationally Complete Wigner Function For The Tavis-Cummings Model: Visualization of Cat Swapping and Quantum Correlations in Field-Many Atom Systems
Authors: Rundle Russell , Everitt Mark J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Here we consider an informationally complete Wigner function approach to look at multiple atoms (qubits) coupled to a field mode. We consider the Tavis-Cummings interaction between a single field mode with two qubits and then with five
Genome-scale top-down reduction of phages to generate viable minimal phage genomes
Authors: Yuan Shengjian , Shi Juan , Jiang Jianrong , Ma Yingfei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Reduction of tailed-phage genomes to generate viable minimal genome phages is important for expanding our understanding of phage biology, providing insights for phage synthetic biology. Many efforts have been made to minimize living cells, but such work remains a challenge for phages due to the extraordinary genomic diversity and lack of genome-scale editing techniques. Here, we developed a CRISPR/Cas9-based iterative phage genome reduction (CiPGr) approach to detect the nonessential gene set of phages and minimize phage genomes. By CiPGr, inactivated genes accumulated on the phage genome, and mutant progeny with robust growth gradually arose, eventually becoming predominant in the populations. CiPGr was applied to four distinct tailed phages (model phages T7 and T4; wild-type phages seszw and selz), resulting in mutants of these phages with deletion of 8–20% (3.3–33 kbp) sequences, and leading to minimal genomes. Metagenomic sequencing of the mutant phage populations generated showed that 46.7 to 65.4% of genes of these phages were removed. Loss of some genes (39.6%-50%) in the removable gene sets was likely severely detrimental to phage growth. This made the corresponding mutant progenies recede in the populations, leading to the failure of detection of these genes in the genomes of the isolated mutants. In summary, our results for these four distinct tailed phages demonstrated that CiPGr is a generic yet effective approach suitable for use in novel phages without prior knowledge.
Meander And Koch Hybrid Fractal Curve Based Dual Hexagonal Radiating Patch Antenna For Quad Band Wireless Applications
Authors: Sivia Jagtar Singh , Bhatia Sumeet Singh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A unique dual hexagonal-shaped radiating patch design with hybrid fractal curves (Meander and Koch) is presented for quad-band wireless applications. Initially, the antenna from 0th to 2nd iteration of hybrid fractal curves with PGP (Partial Ground Plane) is designed and investigated. Further, to get better results of the designed antenna in respect of Bandwidth (BW) and coefficient of reflection these hybrid curves are superimposed on the limited ground plane of 1st and 2nd iteration of the antenna, and the generated antennas are designated as Antenna – 1 and Antenna – 2. A comparison between both the antennas has been made and it is observed that antenna -2 shows better results in respect of improved BW and coefficient of reflection. The proposed antenna exhibits four resonant frequency bands 1.6, 4.8, 6.9, and 8.8GHz with improved corresponding impedance BW of 2.09, 1.36, 0.86, and 1.51GHz. The designed antenna is simulated and made on FR4 glass epoxy substrate with an overall size of 20×40×1.6 mm3. The fabricated proposed antenna is tested experimentally for the authentication of simulated results with experimental results and these are compatible with each other. The other performance indicators like radiation pattern, peak realized gain, and radiation efficiency are also determined for the proposed Hybrid Fractal Antenna (HFA) and all are found satisfactory. Due to the improved operational parameters, the designed HFA can be considered as a suitable applicant for distinct wireless applications in anticipated operational frequency ranges.
Potential Implications of Future Climate Change And Extremes On Health, Agriculture, Water, And Cryosphere Sectors In The Kabul River Basin
Authors: Khatiwada Kabi Raj , Pradhananga Saurav , Nepal Santosh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Increasing temperature and variability in precipitation are affecting different sectors in the Himalayan region. This study aims to quantify the future scenario and related extreme indices in the Kabul River Basin of the western Himalaya using high-resolution climate data sets. We selected the representative global climate model simulations for RCP4.5 and 8.5, based on their abilities to represent the historical climate cycle. By using a three-step methodology, we selected four models for RCP4.5 and four for RCP8.5. The analysis shows that, overall, precipitation will increase by 4 and 12 per cent for RCP4.5 and 8.5 respectively by the end of the 21st century, and the seasonal analysis shows decreasing pattern during the winter and pre-monsoon seasons. However, temperatures will increase consistently by 3OC to 5OC in RCP4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The extreme indices were calculated based on the selected models. The extremes, like consecutive summer days, warm days, and heatwave will increase, whereas the frost days, cold nights, and cold waves will decrease towards the end of this century. Notably, more warm days and heatwaves than the baseline period are projected in future scenarios. Besides, the extremes are not homogenous in time and space. We also discussed the potential implications of these climatic extremes as related to human health, agricultural productivity, water availability, and the cryosphere. We strongly urge prompt climate actions in order to increase the adaptive capacity against these extreme changes and to build a resilient livelihood in the Kabul River Basin.
Experience of Women with High-Risk Pregnancy Regarding Receiving Prenatal Care in COVID-19 Pandemic: a Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Mirzakhani kobra , Shorab Nahid Jahani , Akbari Azam , Khadivzadeh Talaat 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: As a global health threat, the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on maternity care reception in mothers with high-risk pregnancies. Women with high-risk pregnancies are among the most vulnerable groups that require additional precautionary measures against the spread of Covid-19 plus receiving prenatal care. Due to limited information on the status of prenatal care in women with high-risk pregnancies, a qualitative study was conducted to explore the perceptions and experiences of women with high-risk pregnancy regarding receiving prenatal care reception during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted on mothers with high-risk pregnancies from September 2020 to March 2021. Purposeful sampling continued until achieving data saturation. Ghaem, Ommolbanin, and Imam Reza (AS) government and educational hospitals in Mashhad served as the research environment. Face-to-face and semi-structured interviews were effective data collection methods. Each interview lasted between 20 to 45 minutes (on average 30). The total number of participants was 31. Data analysis was carried out simultaneously with data collection using the qualitative content analysis method developed by Granheim and Landman (2004).Results: Following data analysis and reduction, eight subcategories and three main categories were identified. These included “Negative psychological responses,” “Thinking-based behavior against double danger,” and” Adjustment of health services in the mutual protection”.Conclusion: Receiving prenatal care in women with high-risk pregnancies is associated with challenges in women in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This causes negative psychological responses and affects their health-seeking behaviors. Preventive and supportive care can lead to optimum prenatal care for women with high-risk pregnancies focusing on COVID-19 prevention and minimizing pregnancy risk and complications.
Climate mitigation averts corrosive acidification in the upper ocean
Authors: Schlunegger Sarah , Rodgers Keith , Hales Burke , Dunne John , Ishii Masao , Yamaguchi Ryohei , Slater Richard 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The invasion of anthropogenic carbon into the global ocean poses an existential threat to calcifying marine organisms1–4. Observations indicate that conditions corrosive to aragonite shells, unprecedented in the surface ocean, are already occurring in mesoscale upwelling features of the North Pacific2,5,6 and Southern Ocean7, and modeling experiments indicate that large volumes of the global ocean8 including the polar ocean’s surface might become corrosive to aragonite by 20304,9–13. Such changes are expected to compress important marine habitats, but the pathways by which habitat compression manifests over global scales, and their sensitivity to mitigation, remain unexplored. Using a suite of large ensemble projections from an Earth system model14,15, we assess the effectiveness of climate mitigation for averting habitat loss at the ecologically-critical horizon of the base of the ocean’s euphotic zone. We find that without mitigation, 40-42% of this sensitive horizon experiences conditions corrosive to aragonite by 2100, with moderate mitigation this reduces to 16-19%, and with aggressive mitigation to 6-7%. Mitigation has a stronger effect on the eastern relative to western domains of the northern extratropical ocean with some of the greatest benefits in the ocean’s most productive Large Marine Ecosystems, including the California Current and Gulf of Alaska. This work reveals the significant impact that mitigation efforts compatible with the Paris Agreement target of 1.5°C could have upon preserving marine habitats that are vulnerable to ocean acidification.
Single-shot ranging and velocimetry far beyond the coherence length of CW lasers
Authors: Bayer Mustafa , Li Xun , Guentchev George , Torun Rasul , Velazco Jose E. , boyraz Ozdal 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The spectral linewidth of the continuous-wave (CW) lasers is one of the key limitations on the coherent lidar systems, which defines the maximum detection range. Furthermore, precise phase or frequency sweeping requirements is a deterrent in many applications. Here, we present the Phase-Based Multi-Tone Continuous Wave (PB-MTCW) lidar measurement technique that eliminates the necessity of using high coherence laser sources as well as any form of phase or frequency sweeping while employing coherent detection. In particular, we modulate a CW laser source with multiple radio-frequency (RF) tones to generate optical sidebands. Then we utilize the relative phase variations between the sidebands that are free from laser phase noises to calculate the target distance via post-processing and triangulation algorithms. We prove that the PB-MTCW technique is capable of performing single-shot ranging and velocimetry measurements at more than 500× the coherence length of a CW laser in a benchtop experimental demonstration.
Association of Depression with Sperm Quality: a Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wang Yongfeng , Zhang Yuan , Yang Yunyi , Tu Lihui , Yang Jigao , Zhang Zhou , Meng Tianqing , Jiang Xianglong , Zhu Wenbing , Li Yushan , Zhang Huiping , Zhao Kai , Zhang Xinzong , Liu Chunyan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Depression is a potential factor affecting semen quality. However, the relationship between depression and semen quality remains to be fully elucidated. We investigated the association between depression and semen quality in men during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Cross‐sectional, participants completed a questionnaire assessing lifestyle factors the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to evaluate the psychological depression status of subjects. Semen quality assessment implements the requirements of the fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO )manual ,multivariable logistic regression analysis and linear regression analysis were conducted to assess the associations between depression and semen quality.Results: Of the 896 participants, 173 were depressed (19.30%). A Linear regression model was fitted to assess the strength and significant level of the association between depressive symptoms and semen quality. After adjusting for potential confounders, depression was significantly associated with 9.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.39, 15.15), 0.57(95% CI 0.27, 0.87), 62.20 (95% CI 32.93, 91.48), and 12.96 (95% CI 10.55, 15.37) reduction in sperm concentration, sperm volume, total sperm count, and progressive motility, respectively. Which are consistent with the logistic regression analysis results. The semen concentration and total sperm count were linearly correlated with depression scores, whereas the semen volume and progressive motility of sperm were nonlinearly correlated with depression scores.Conclusions: Depression were associated with lower levels of semen concentration, semen volume, total sperm count, and progressive motility, which could affect male reproductive health.
Driving chemical reactions with polariton condensates
Authors: Pannir-Sivajothi Sindhana , Campos-Gonzalez-Angulo Jorge , Martínez-Martínez Luis , Sinha Shubham , Yuen-Zhou Joel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
When molecular transitions strongly couple to photon modes, they form hybrid light-matter modes called polaritons. Collective vibrational strong coupling is a promising avenue for control of chemistry, but this can be deterred by the large number of quasi-degenerate dark modes. The macroscopic occupation of a single polariton mode by excitations, as observed in Bose-Einstein condensation, offers promise for overcoming this issue. Here we theoretically investigate the effect of vibrational polariton condensation on the kinetics of electron transfer processes. Compared with excitation with infrared laser sources, the condensate changes the reaction yield significantly due to additional channels with reduced activation barriers resulting from the large accumulation of energy in the lower polariton, and the many modes available for energy redistribution during the reaction. Our results offer tantalizing opportunities to use condensates for driving chemical reactions, kinetically bypassing usual constraints of fast intramolecular vibrational redistribution in condensed phase.
Multi-Objective Optimized Immune Algorithm For Computing Offloading Problem In Edge Computing Scenes of Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Si-feng Zhu , Jiang-hao Cai , En-lin Sun , Qing-hua Zhang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
With the development of 5G technology, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has also received worldwide attention. IoV edge computing achieves the goal of low latency by offloading tasks to the Mobile Edge Computing Server (MECS). However, it is still a challenge to reduce the computing delay of mobile terminal devices while ensuring the low energy consumption and load balancing of servers. In order to solve this problem, the system model, delay model, load balancing model, energy consumption model and objective optimization model are established in this paper. A computational unloading scheme based on multi-objective immune optimization algorithm is proposed. Finally, this scheme is compared with the reference scheme and the literature scheme. Simulation experiments show that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the average unload delay of users, optimize the workload between servers, and effectively reduce energy consumption. Its performance is better than the schemes in the literature.
A Public Health Value-Based Healthcare Paradigm for HIV
Authors: Vermeersch Sebastian , Demeester Rémy P. , Ausselet Nathalie , Callens Steven , De Munter Paul , Florence Eric , Goffard Jean-Christophe , Henrard Sophie , Lacor Patrick , Messiaen Peter , Libois Agnès , Seyler Lucie , Uurlings Françoise , Vandecasteele Stefaan J. , Wijngaerden Eric Van , Yombi Jean-Cyr , Annemans Lieven , De Wit Stéphane 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: HIV patients face considerable acute and chronic healthcare needs and battling the HIV epidemic remains of the utmost importance. By focusing on health outcomes in relation to the cost of care, value-based healthcare (VBHC) proposes a strategy to optimize quality of care and cost-efficiency. Its implementation may provide an answer to the increasing pressure to optimize spending in healthcare while improving patient outcomes. This paper describes a pragmatic value-based healthcare framework for HIV care. Methods: A value-based HIV healthcare framework was developed during a series of roundtable discussions bringing together clinical stakeholder representatives from the Belgian HIV reference centers and VBHC specialists. Each round of discussions was focused on a central question translating a concept or idea to the next level of practical implementation: 1) how can VBHC principles be translated into value-based HIV care drivers; 2) how can these value-based HIV care divers be translated into value-based care objectives and activities; and 3) how can value-based HIV care objectives and activities be translated into value-based care indicators. Value drivers were linked to concrete objectives and activities using a logical framework approach. Finally, specific, measurable, and acceptable structure, process and outcomes indicators were defined to complement the framework.Results: Our framework identifies 10 core value drivers focusing on 4 key areas where HIV care benefits most from improvements: Prevention, improvement of the cascade of care, providing patient-centered HIV care and sustaining a state-of-the-art HIV disease management context. Value drivers are further developed into objectives and activities. For each level of the framework (drivers, objectives and activities), process and outcome-based indicators are suggested.Conclusions: This framework approach outlines how to define a patient- and public health centered value-based HIV care paradigm. . It proposes how to translate core value drivers to practical objectives and activities and suggests defining indicators that can be used to track and improve the framework’s implementation in practice.
Potentiality of caro’s acid in leaching of uranium and radioactive measurements from Abu-Rusheid mylonitic gneiss rocks, South Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Nagar M S , morsy W M , Bayoumi M B , Shalan A S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Abu Rusheid area is located at the Southern Eastern Desert of Egypt and composed of Mylonitic gneiss rocks (mineralized rock), Serpentinite rocks, Ophiolitic metagabbro, Ophiolitic mélange, Monzogranites, post- granitic dykes (lamprophyre and dolerite), veins and recent alluvial deposits. This paper is concerned with the study of potentiality of sulphuric and caro’s acid in uranium dissolution from Abu Rusheid mineralized rocks. For this purpose, many batch dissolution experiments were conducted. The obtained results showed that 91.5% and 52% uranium leachability for Caro’s acid and dilute sulfuric acid respectively. The reaction mechanism was described using shrinking core models.