bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metamaterial‐based, miniaturised circularly polarised antennas for RFID application
Authors: Wang Zhan , Dong Yuandan , Itoh Tatsuo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMiniaturised circularly polarised (CP) antennas based on dispersion‐engineered metamaterial transmission lines (TLs) are proposed and developed for RFID applications. It is first studied and developed based on the equivalent circuit and dispersion curves of composite right/left‐handed TL (CRLH‐TL), which is featured by a novel/low‐cost double‐layered 3D structure, including metallic screws, one ground layer and metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) capacitor loaded on the top layer. CP radiation is achieved by two crossed CRLH‐TLs with a microstrip‐slot coupling excitation. One CP antenna and one polarisation reconfigurable antenna, which utilise CRLH‐TLs are then implemented, respectively. Compared with the conventional right‐handed (RH) TL‐based antennas (positive resonance‐based antennas), miniaturisation is achieved by pushing down the dispersion curve to a lower frequency using larger LH capacitance or/and inductance. Negative‐order resonances could be successfully excited by cascading π‐type unit‐cells. It shows similar radiation characteristics and additional size reduction as the positive resonance‐based antennas. This antenna shows an electrical size of 0.24 λ0 × 0.24 λ0 × 0.03 λ0, a −10 dB bandwidth of 4.8%, and a peak gain of 4.2 dBic. It demonstrates advantages in terms of flexible size reduction, low cost, easy manufacturing, and good radiation performance, which are very suitable for 902–928 MHz UHF band RFID application.
Analytical scannable‐shaped beam pattern synthesis via superposition principle
Authors: Lei Shiwen , Hu Haoquan , Chen Bo , Lin Zhipeng , Tian Jing , Yang Wei , Tang Pu , Qiu Xiangdong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA shaped beam pattern (SBP) synthesis algorithm, which obtains the desired SBP in an analytical way, is proposed. The new algorithm describes the SBP with the weighted superposition of a set of pencil beam patterns (PBPs). First, the array weight of the PBP is obtained via analytical algorithms, such as; Chebychev and Taylor, etc. Then, by computing the weights of the PBPs with the least‐square method, the synthesized SBP is expressed explicitly. Different from the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, the proposed algorithm can obtain the desired SBP analytically, avoiding the time‐consuming iteration processes. Moreover, the proposed algorithm enables the array antenna to scan the beam in different directions. Simulations with linear and planar array antennas are provided to assess the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Miniaturized full‐metal bandpass filter and multiplexer using circular spiral resonator
Authors: Chen Rui‐Sen , Zhu Lei , Wong Sai‐Wai , Lin Jing‐Yu , Yang Yang , Li Yin , He Yejun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a new class of miniaturized full‐metal bandpass filters (BPFs) and multiplexers using circular spiral resonators (CSRs). The proposed metal CSR is supported on the metal cavity's wall, which serves as a short‐end resonator. This CSR has obvious size reduction compared to traditional cavity resonators and owns low insertion loss, high power capacity and high selectivity. Then, three BPFs using two, three and four CSRs are designed and analysed. All the proposed filters have transmission zeroes (TZs) produced by the source‐load coupling without introducing additional coupling structure. The proposed CSR is further used to design diplexer and quadruplexer. All the proposed filters have ultra‐compact size, especially, the size of quadruplexer is only 0.23λ
0 × 0.081λ
0 × 0.067λ
0. Finally, the fourth‐order filter and quadruplexer are fabricated and measured, the good agreement between the measured results and the simulated results validates the proposed design concepts.
Multiband isolator based on a coplanar metaline
Authors: Boudiar Toufik , Verney Eric , Djekounyom Eric 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study presents for the first time the feasibility of a coplanar isolator using YIG material for applications in the Ku, K and Ka bands. The proposed structure is an asymmetric coplanar waveguide with a transverse array of unopened slots etched on a ground plane. Such structures are characterized by several cut‐off frequencies on the transmission parameters. With a low dc magnetic field of 72 kAm−1 applied along with the slots, significant nonreciprocal effects greater than 20, 19 and 29 dB are obtained at 13.95, 23.39 and 39.61 GHz, respectively. The proposed structure can be used as a multiband isolator for microwave applications. The low biasing field of this multiband isolator and its compactness (88 mm2) are its main advantages, which makes this structure particularly suitable for integration.
Experimental demonstration of 1.3 μm VCSEL‐based optoelectronic oscillator at 12 GHz using optical injection‐locking technique
Authors: Coronel Juan , Varón Margarita , Rissons Angélique , Kasmi Chaouki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe experimental validation is presented of an optical injection‐locked (OIL) vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser (VCSEL)‐based optoelectronic oscillator (VBO) to overcome the direct‐modulation bandwidth limitations of packaged VCSELs. A 1.3 μm VCSEL under OIL is directly modulated at 12 GHz. The carrier phase noise value is −97.7 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset. A time domain characterisation of the oscillator based on Allan variance is proposed. The performed measurements showed that the OIL technique allows an increase in the optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) carrier frequency in comparison with free‐running VBOs while maintaining high spectral purity. The results for a 12 GHz delay‐line OEO with amplitude modulation are also compared with the proposed approach.
Realising a system of coupled microgrid networks using single‐phase interconnection lines
Authors: Ferdous S. M. , Shahnia Farhad , Shafiullah GM 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOverloading and renewable‐based excessive generation are a frequently observed phenomena in an autonomously operating islanded microgrid (MG) which will lead to unacceptable voltage or frequency deviation in the MG. Such problems can be alleviated by mechanisms such as load shedding or curtailment of renewable sources. Alternatively, coupling the neighbouring MGs and enabling a provisional power exchange amongst them can improve the situation more effectively. The power exchange link between the MGs can be in the form of a conventional three‐phase ac line but a single‐phase ac link is more cost‐effective, especially considering the amount of the power that needs to be transferred through this link. This approach requires power electronics‐based converters to convert a three‐phase ac MG into a single‐phase power exchange link and control the power sharing amongst them. The same is needed when the MGs have to be coupled while maintaining their autonomy, but the corresponding costs of the single‐phase system are less. This article has proposed a decentralised approach to control and couple the neighbouring MGs to realise provisional power exchange through such a structure. The performance of the proposed control mechanism is evaluated through simulation studies in PSIM®, and its sensitivity and stability are analysed against its key design and operational factors.
Die Häufigkeit von diagnostizierten Fettlebererkrankungen (NAFLD) in der deutschen Bevölkerung – Eine Analyse auf der Basis von GKV-Routinedaten
Authors: Stahmeyer Jona T. , Hemmerling Melissa , Burger Birte , Eberhard Sveja , Krauth Christian , Zeidler Jan , Herr Annika , Weseloh Henning , Rossol Siegbert 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die nichtalkoholische Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD) zählt zu den häufigsten Lebererkrankungen in Deutschland. Langfristig besteht das Risiko einer Leberzirrhose und weiterer Folgeerkrankungen. Epidemiologische Studien zur NAFLD in Deutschland liegen kaum vor. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist eine dezidierte Analyse der administrativen Inzidenz und Prävalenz (der diagnostizierten Erkrankungen) im Zeitraum von 2008 bis 2018.
Methodik Die Grundlage der Analysen bilden GKV-Routinedaten. Es wurden Personen mit durchgängiger Versicherung im Analysejahr sowie im 3-jährigen Vorbeobachtungszeitraum eingeschlossen (1,7–2 Mio. Versicherte pro Analysejahr). Erkrankte Personen wurden über relevante ICD-10-Codes (K76.0 und K75.8) identifiziert.
Ergebnisse Im Jahr 2018 wurde bei 4,66 % der Versicherten eine NAFLD-Diagnose gestellt, eine erstmalige Diagnose lag bei 0,87 % vor. Diagnosen einer Fettleberentzündung (NASH) waren mit 0,09 % selten. Im Zeitverlauf zeigt sich eine steigende NAFLD-Prävalenz, wobei sich die Zahl der jährlich erstmals diagnostizierten Patienten kaum verändert hat. Bei Vorliegen von Erkrankungen des metabolischen Syndroms war die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer NAFLD signifikant erhöht.
Schlussfolgerungen Es zeigt sich, dass eine NAFLD im ärztlichen Alltag häufig diagnostiziert wird, auch wenn Daten aus populationsbasierten Untersuchungen eine noch höhere Prävalenz vermuten lassen.
Strategies for Pore-Diameter Control in Mesoporous Carbons Derived from Organic Self-Assembly Processes
Authors: Naumann Stefan 
Published: March 2021

Soft-templating techniques have greatly facilitated access to (ordered) mesoporous carbon materials. A key strength of these approaches is that the resulting material can be shaped by a multitude of parameters – rendering soft-templating inherently versatile regarding features such as pore arrangement or pore sizes. Nonetheless, rational manipulation of pore sizes/diameters, let alone a systematic variation thereof, remains a formidable challenge with high relevance for research fields as diverse as catalysis, sensing or energy storage and conversion. Thus, this Short Review aims to provide a structured account of the most frequently employed strategies to impact mesopore diameters in carbon materials derived via soft-templating.1. Introduction2. Carbonization Temperature3. Stoichiometry4. Swelling Agents5. Design of Polymeric SDAs/Templates6. Conclusions and Outlook
Taxonomic revision of the
Authors: Meudt Heidi M. , Thorsen Michael J. , Prebble Jessica M. 
Published: March 2021

The three main aims of this study were to circumscribe the Myosotis australis R.Br. group, determine the taxonomic utility of pollen characters, and delimit species and revise their taxonomy using macro-morphological and palynological data. The M. australis group is here recircumscribed to comprise two species, M. saxatilis Petrie (Marlborough and Otago, New Zealand) and M. australis. Myosotis australis is a widespread, morphologically variable species with two subspecies. M. australis subsp. australis comprises all Australian and most New Zealand specimens, including M. mooreana Lehnebach, M. lytteltonensis (Laing & A.Wall) de Lange, and several white- or yellow-flowered tag-named taxa from New Zealand, whereas M. australis subsp. saruwagedica (Schltr. ex Brand) Meudt, Thorsen & Prebble, comb. et stat. nov. is endemic to New Guinea. The M. australis group can be distinguished from all other ebracteate-erect Myosotis plants sampled to date, including the Australian endemic, M. exarrhena F.Muell., by a suite of characters, i.e. included anthers, calyx with both retrorse and hooked trichomes, rosette leaf trichomes retrorse abaxially and oblique to the midrib adaxially, and leaf length : width ratio of >2 : 1. Other characters can distinguish the group from M. discolor Pers., M. arvensis (L.) Hill, and M. umbrosa Meudt, Prebble & Thorsen respectively. Pollen characters were not useful for species delimitation within the M. australis group, but they can help distinguish several species outside it, including natural hybrids of M. australis and M. exarrhena in Australia. Myosotis australis, M. saxatilis and M. exarrhena are included in the taxonomic treatment, whereas introduced species M. discolor and M. arvensis are included in the key only.
Assessment of the possibility of using GPR to determine the working resistance force of tools for subsoil reclamation
Authors: Kiełbasa P , Zagórda M , Juliszewski T , Akinsunmade A , Tomecka S , Karczewski J , Pysz P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article presents a study on the determination of working resistance force of a tool that reclaims the topsoil based on GPR research. The experiment used a strain gauge force measurement system in a three-point linkage suspension system of the tool on a tractor with automatic registration of other operating parameters of the unit at a frequency of 10H. For the research with the use of GPR, a shielded antenna with a frequency of 800 MHz was used, allowing to obtain a wavelength of 0.12 m and a resolution of 0.03 m. The tests were carried out for several combinations of soil compaction, which was initially measured with the Eijkelkamp cone penetrometer. A large convergence of the results of the working resistance forces was found with the indications of the states of excessive compaction identified in the space of the echogram. It should be noted that the convergence of the measurement results increases with the degree of soil compaction. Therefore, it is possible to estimate the energy consumption of cultivation treatments on the basis of non-invasive GPR surveys and selective soil reclamation treatment with degraded subsoil.
Assessment of the degree of secondary luminescence generated by coffee subjected to influence of a constant electric field
Authors: Kiełbasa P , Miernik A , Dróżdż T , Zając M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of research on the influence of the constant electric field on the size and structure of the ultra-weak photon emission of selected coffee beans. In the research, a combination of the electric field’s impact on the material was used, consisting in the use of 1800 cycles in which the time of exposure to the electric field with a voltage of 3kV was interrupted and renewed every 10 seconds. The experimental material was coffee in the form of whole grains and coffee in the form of granules ready to be dissolved in water. The PMT Photomultiplier tube method was used to count individual photons. It has been found that it is possible to use the single photon counting method to identify the type of coffee and stimulation with a constant electric field increases the differentiation of the photon emission values.
Environmental impact assessment for electric vehicles
Authors: Nęcka K , Knaga J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In recent years we have observed a significant increase in the number of cars in use. Most of them are vehicles powered by liquid fuels. Unfortunately, with the increasing intensity of car use, the amount of pollution generated in the transport sector is also increasing. In order to reduce the harmful impact on the environment, multi-track actions are necessary to reduce emissions from burning liquid fuels. One of such actions is presented concept of the operation of electric vehicles on the example of a local businessman and determination of ecological assessment indicators for the analysed solution. The simulations demonstrate that the changes in the transport fleet of the local enterprise will not bring about a reduction in pollution, but on the contrary, it will increase the total emission of pollutants by about 20%. This is due to the fact that electric energy for battery charging comes mainly from burning fossil fuels in domestic conditions. A positive impact on the environment was observed only when electric vehicles were powered from a specially selected photovoltaic installation dedicated to the needs of the customer working in a mixed system. The introduction of the electromobilical fleet in connection with the investment in PV installations allowed to avoid CO2 emissions by 44 Mg per year.
Construction of a zoomorphical robot for rehabilitation of autistic children
Authors: Niderla K , Maciejewski M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article details the construction of a zoomorphical robot for use in therapy of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The robot was designed to act as a proxy in communication between a therapist and the child. It is made to look like a safe, rabbit-shaped toy to invoke feelings of warmth, safety and trust. Two versions of the robot were constructed. Laser cutting and 3d printing were used to construct the mechanical parts of the robots. Multiple movable joints allowed for easy conveying of emotions. The robot uses an LCD touchscreen to display a rabbit face that can be animated to simulate speech. Communication is possible via a camera, microphone and speakers. A specialized controller and control systems were designed to operate the robot. The devices are currently included in ongoing trials under supervision by trained specialists.
Improvement science process skills of high school students through learning models scientific inquiry
Authors: Hutapea Alessandro , Bukit Nurdin , Manurung Sondang R 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study’s background is based on the fact that teachers in learning still apply conventional learning, which causes poor science process skills in students. This study aims to improve students’ science process skills taught using the scientific inquiry learning model. This research method is a quasi-experiment. The population in this study were all students of class X SMA, with 130 students. Sampling was done by random cluster sampling. The instrument used was an essay with a total of 8 questions. The results of this study obtained an average pretest value of 41.05 and an average post-test score of 63.31. So it can be concluded that the scientific inquiry learning model effectively increases curiosity and science process skills in students.
Decision support system for truck scheduling in logistic network through cross-docking strategy
Authors: Nurprihatin Filscha , Elvina  , Rembulan Glisina Dwinoor , Christianto Kevin , Hartono Henny 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In recent years, companies around the world need to find new ways to reduce costs, increase productivity, improve product quality, and meet various customer demands. Each Distribution Center (DC) or warehouse is specifically designed to minimize costs in the company’s supply chain. Cross-docking is a logistics technique that eliminates storing and picking up items at warehouses. Cross-docking has several advantages compared to other product distribution strategies from both an economic and an environmental point of view. Cross-docking decisions are influenced by many factors such as the level of product demand, the cost of stock-outs, and the distance from suppliers to customers. This research builds a Decision Support System (DSS) that can help companies to ensure sustainability in the supply chain. This study assumes the demand is deterministic which is indicated by Economic Order Quantity (EOQ). This system can detect the time and quantity of certain items that experience cross-docks accurately. If the customers’demand cannot be fulfilled by the warehouse, then the goods are categorized as out of stock. By knowing the time and quantity of goods at the time of the cross-dock, the warehouse manager can make operational decisions quickly and accurately related to the resources such asoperators and forklifts.
Analysis of train noise level at bandar khalipah station, deli serdang using sound level meter 130 dB
Authors: Indrayani  , Yani M. , Amiruddin Arfis , Arnita  , Billy  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Bandar Khalipah train station is a class B station which is located very close to residential areas. This has an impact on the noise level that occurs in the area. This study aims to analyze train noise using a sound level meter (SLM) and analyze the effect of train operating time on noise levels. The research method was carried out experimentally. Where noise is measured using SLM at a distance of 1.5 meters from the train and the location of the SLM parallel to an adult’s ear, namely 1.5 meters. Measurements were taken as much as 14 arrivals and 14 departures during the week. The result obtained is that the noise that occurs at departure is 98.4 dB greater than the noise at arrival at 97.7 dB. This is because the sound produced by the engine occurs due to the combustion process which requires air and heat, resulting in smoke gas and sound in the chimney. It turns out that the highest noise occurs at 10.42 to 17.22 WIB, with the largest at 98.4 dB at 12.35 WIB. This is due to the greater daytime conditions of air pressure and temperature. Meanwhile, the lowest noise occurred in the morning and evening, namely at 6.45 WIB at 80.2 dB. Train noise at the Bandar Khalifah station that occurs is above the threshold required by the Noise Level Standard in Various Activity Areas according to the Decree of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia, No. 48 of 1996 that is 70 dB.
The effect of addition Ni2+ to Cr2O3 and its potential characterization as anode potassium ion battery
Authors: Permatasari Thitania Wahyu , Wijaya Husni Wahyu , Taufiq A. , Wayan Dasna I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Potassium ion battery (PIB) is an alternative to replace Lithium ion battery (LIB). In this study, amount of Ni2+ is added to substitute of Cr(III) on Cr2O3. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of adding Ni2+ ions to Cr2O3 and to test its potential as anode of PIB. Synthesis used the coprecipitation method followed by calcination at 700°C for 12 hours. The results showed that the Cr2O3 - NiCr2O4 composites were formed when the addition of Ni2+ was 0.25; 0.50; and 0.75 mole with the most dominant amounts of NiCr2O4 in the addition of 0.50 mole Ni2+. Cyclic voltammetry analysis of addition of 0.50 mole of Ni2+ to the Cr2O3 shows that the material has an a reduction potential of +0.0344 V and an oxidation potential of +0.587 V. NiCr2O4/Cr2O3 material has the potential as anode material for PIB.
Analysis of critical thinking skills student on the topic of optic geometry
Authors: Panjaitan Elminasari , Juliani Rita , Marpaung Nurliana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to analyze: (1) learning activities with multi representation, (2) critical thinking skills of student with multi representation (3) the effect multi representation compared with assignments to student activities, (4) critical thinking skills and activities multiple representations compared with assignments. This research is quasi experimental research with a pretest and posttest control group design. The population in this study were students of class XI SMA Negeri 5 Binjai. The research sample consisted of two experimental classes with multiple representations and a control. Collecting data using observations and tests that have been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis technique used the independent t test with a significance level of 5%.The results showed that: (1) student activity multi representation was in the active category (85.7%), while student with assignments was in the fairly active category (65.7%), (2) critical thinking skills of student with multiple representations were in the good category (74.3%), while the students critical thinking skills with assignments were in the fairly good category (68.6%), (4) activities and skills critical thinking is better learned in the experimental class rather than in the control class.