bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social media users and cybersecurity awareness: predicting self-disclosure using a hybrid artificial intelligence approach
Authors: Khan Naurin Farooq , Ikram Naveed , Murtaza Hajra , Asadi Muhammad Aslam 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the cybersecurity awareness manifested as protective behavior to explain self-disclosure in social networking sites. The disclosure of information about oneself is associated with benefits as well as privacy risks. The individuals self-disclose to gain social capital and display protective behaviors to evade privacy risks by careful cost-benefit calculation of disclosing information.Design/methodology/approachThis study explores the role of cyber protection behavior in predicting self-disclosure along with demographics (age and gender) and digital divide (frequency of Internet access) variables by conducting a face-to-face survey. Data were collected from 284 participants. The model is validated by using multiple hierarchal regression along with the artificial intelligence approach.FindingsThe results revealed that cyber protection behavior significantly explains the variance in self-disclosure behavior. The complementary use of five machine learning (ML) algorithms further validated the model. The ML algorithms predicted self-disclosure with an area under the curve of 0.74 and an F1 measure of 0.70.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that costs associated with self-disclosure can be mitigated by educating the individuals to heighten their cybersecurity awareness through cybersecurity training programs.Originality/valueThis study uses a hybrid approach to assess the influence of cyber protection behavior on self-disclosure using expectant valence theory (EVT).
The dark side of the quarantine: night eating, sleep quality and the health locus of control in women
Authors: Yılmaz Sine , Sanlier Nevin , Göbel Pınar , Açıkalın Büşra , Kocabas Sule , Dundar Akif 
Published: October 2021

PurposeStaying at home for a prolonged period, the stress during COVID-19 quarantine may affect sleep quality, night eating behaviours of individuals. This paper aims to identify the relationship between night eating behaviour, sleep quality, perceptions of health locus of control in women during the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachAn anonymous, Web based, cross-sectional study was conducted for the duration of a month (April-May, 2020). The study evaluated the nutritional habits of the participants. Anthropometric measurements were noted. Night Eating Syndrome Questionnaire (NESQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Multi-dimensional Health Locus of Control-A were used for data collection.FindingsWith a mean age of 33 ± 8 years, 529 women participated in the study. The mean NESQ score was 14.4 ± 4.7, PSQI score was 6.4 ± 2.9. Higher night eating scores were observed in participants with chance locus of control (CLC) perception when compared to participants with internal health locus of control (IHLC) perception (p< 0.05). Lower sleep quality was observed in obese participants compared to normal/overweight participants (p< 0.05). It was also found that night eating behaviours significantly predicted sleep quality (R= 0.36,R2= 0.13;p< 0.01), explaining about 13.3% of total variance of sleep quality.Research limitations/implicationsOnly internet users and women participated in the study, and the questionnaire form was applied online; the information was obtained in the form of the participants' own statements.Practical implicationsIt was found that night eating behaviour significantly predicted sleep quality during the pandemic. It was also determined that the individuals with high chance locus of control perception had higher NES scores than the individuals with high internal locus of control perception.Originality/valueThe night eating behaviours significantly predict sleep quality, individuals with a high perception of CLC had a higher night eating score than individuals with high perception of IHLC during the pandemic.
Effects of Sn-Ag-x leveling layers on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SnBi low-temperature solder joints
Authors: Liu Yang , Xue Yuxiong , Zhou Min , Cao Rongxing , Zeng Xianghua , Li Hongxia , Zheng Shu , Zhang Shuang 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of Sn-Ag-x leveling layers on the mechanical properties of SnBi solder joints. Four Sn-Ag-x (Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu, Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu, Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu-0.5 Bi-0.05Ni and Sn-3.0Ag-3.0 Bi-3.0In) leveling layers were coated on Cu pads to prepare SnBi/Sn-Ag-x/Cu solder joints. The microstructure, hardness, shear strength and fracture morphology of solder joints before and after aging were studied.

Design/methodology/approach
The interfacial brittleness of the SnBi low-temperature solder joint is a key problem affecting its reliability. The purpose of this study is to improve the mechanical properties of the SnBi solder joint.

Findings
Owing to the addition of the leveling layers, the grain size of the ß-Sn phase in the SnBi/Sn-Ag-x/Cu solder joint is significantly larger than that in the SnBi/Cu eutectic solder joint. Meanwhile, the hardness of the solder bulk in the SnBi/Cu solder joint shows a decrease trend because of the addition of the leveling layers. The SnBi/Cu solder joint shows obvious strength drop and interfacial brittle fracture after aging. Through the addition of the Sn-Ag-x layers, the brittle failure caused by aging is effectively suppressed. In addition, the Sn-Ag-x leveling layers improve the shear strength of the SnBi/Cu solder joint after aging. Among them, the SnBi/SACBN/Cu solder joint shows the highest shear strength.

Originality/value
This work suppresses the interfacial brittleness of the SnBi/Cu solder joint after isothermal aging by adding Sn-Ag-x leveling layers on the Cu pads. It provides a way to improve the mechanical performances of the SnBi solder joint.
Teaching and learning with morning meeting in elementary social studies methods courses
Authors: Cornett Ariel , Quinn Alexa M. 
Published: October 2021

PurposeUsing morning meeting, an evidence-based practice that is part of the responsive classroom (RC) approach, the authors (two teacher educators [TEs]) created opportunities for teacher candidates (TCs) to experience representations, decompositions and approximations of practice in multiple iterations of an elementary social studies methods course.Design/methodology/approachThe authors detail how TEs can expose TCs to social studies content (e.g. the National Council for the Social Studies themes) that can be incorporated into structured, daily classroom routines, such as morning meeting.FindingsThe authors include TE-created morning meeting facilitation guides with components such as a morning message, greeting, share, group activity and theme justification. Furthermore, the authors outline TCs' reflections on planning and implementing a morning meeting with a partner in addition to their own reflections on the TCs' feedback.Originality/valueThis work has implications related to TEs and TCs in elementary social studies methods courses as well as current and future students in elementary classrooms.
The relationship between different types of leadership, client's identity, and self-confidence and auditors' impartiality
Authors: Salehi Mahdi , Ghaderi Alireza , Hashemisima Habibe , Zahedi Zohreh 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to assess the effect of different leadership types, the client's identity and auditors' self-confidence on auditors' impartiality.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a descriptive-survey type, and the collected data are based on a predesigned questionnaire distributed in January 2020. The PLS software is used for data analysis, and the statistical population of this paper includes employed auditors in enlisted audit firms on the Official Association of Auditors. When the parameters were insignificant, the obtained probability from the model fitting was used for hypothesis testing, and the appropriateness of the model was assessed via the structural equations.FindingsThe results show a significant relationship between charismatic, transformational, participatory, delegating and bureaucratic leadership and auditors' impartiality. There is also an association between the client's identity and the auditor's impartiality. The client's identity mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and the auditor's impartiality. Moreover, there is a significant relationship between self-confidence and auditor's impartiality.Originality/valueThis paper enjoys an innovative method in the field of behavioural auditing. The effect of transformational leadership on auditor's impartiality with the mediatory role of the client's identity shows the in-depth client–auditor relationship has been taken for granted and not examined previously, so the results of this paper can lend a helping hand to audit firms to enhance the organisational performance.
Alopecia areata: Current understanding of the pathophysiology and update on therapeutic approaches, featuring the Japanese Dermatological Association guidelines
Authors: Fukuyama Masahiro , Ito Taisuke , Ohyama Manabu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlopecia areata (AA) is a relatively common nonscarring hairloss disease characterized by an autoimmune response to anagen hair follicles (HFs). Accumulated evidence suggests that collapse of the HF immune privilege subsequent to triggering events, represented by viral infection, leads to autoimmune response in which autoreactive cytotoxic CD8+NKG2D+ T cells mainly target exposed HF autoantigens. AA had been recognized as type 1 inflammatory disease, but recent investigations have suggested some roles of type 2‐ and Th17‐associated mediators in AA pathogenesis. The significance of psychological stress in AA pathogenesis is less emphasized nowadays, but psychological comorbidities, such as depression and anxiety, attract greater interest in AA management. In this regard, the disease severity may not solely be evaluated by the extent of hair loss. Use of trichoscopy markedly improved the resolution of the diagnosis and evaluation of the phase of AA, which is indispensable for the optimization of treatment. For the standardization of AA management, the establishment of guidelines/expert consensus is pivotal. Indeed, the Japanese Dermatological Association (JDA) and other societies and expert groups have published guidelines/expert consensus reports, which mostly recommend intralesional/topical corticosteroid administration and contact immunotherapy as first‐line treatments, depending on the age, disease severity, and activity of AA. The uniqueness of the JDA guidelines can be found in their descriptions of intravenous corticosteroid pulse therapy, antihistamines, and other miscellaneous domestically conducted treatments. Considering the relatively high incidence of spontaneous regression in mild AA and its intractability in severe subsets, the importance of course observation is also noted. Evidenced‐based medicine for AA is currently limited, however, novel therapeutic approaches, represented by JAK inhibitors, are on their way for clinical application. In this review, the latest understanding of the etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology, and update on therapeutic approaches with future perspectives are summarized for AA, following the current version of the JDA AA management guidelines.
Schools as social spaces: Towards an Arendtian consideration of multicultural education
Authors: Azada-Palacios Rowena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hannah Arendt has been criticised for the sharp distinction she drew between the social and political realms, and her application of this distinction to schools. In this paper, I demonstrate that this distinction can be interpreted as a heuristic that Arendt developed to address a tension that she had encountered in her attempt to understand childhood. She understood schools to be spaces that could prepare children for citizenship. However, she also recognised that attempts to prepare children for citizenship threatened two characteristics of childhood: their vulnerability and their natality. Arendt's heuristic can be fruitful for addressing dilemmas in citizenship education in ethnoculturally plural contexts.
Obstetric anal sphincter injury by maternal origin and length of residence: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Sørbye IK , Bains S , Vangen S , Sundby J , Lindskog B , Owe KM 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo estimate the association between maternal origin and obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI), and assess if associations differed by length of residence.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.SettingThe Medical Birth Registry of Norway.PopulationPrimiparous women with vaginal livebirth of a singleton cephalic fetus between 2008 and 2017 (n = 188 658).MethodsMultivariable logistic regression models estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for OASI with 95% CI by maternal region of origin and birthplace. We stratified models on length of residence and paternal birthplace.Main outcome measuresOASI.ResultsOverall, 6373 cases of OASI were identified (3.4% of total cohort). Women from South Asia were most likely to experience OASI (6.2%; aOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.87–2.69), followed by those from Southeast Asia, East Asia & the Pacific (5.7%; 1.59, 1.37–1.83) and Sub‐Saharan Africa (5.2%; 1.85, 1.55–2.20), compared with women originating from Norway. Among women born in the same region, those with short length of residence in Norway (0–4 years), showed the highest odds of OASI. Migrant women across most regions of origin had the lowest risk of OASI if they had a Norwegian partner.ConclusionsPrimiparous women from Asian regions and Sub‐Saharan Africa had up to two‐fold risk of OASI, compared with women originating from Norway. Migrants with short residence and those with a foreign‐born partner had higher risk of OASI, implying that some of the risk differential is due to sociocultural factors. Some migrants, especially new arrivals, may benefit from special attention during labour to reduce morbidity and achieve equitable outcomes.Tweetable abstractAnal sphincter injury during birth is more common among Asian and Sub‐Saharan migrants and particularly among recent arrivals.
Stress Distribution and Fracture Resistance of repairing Cracked Tooth with Fiber‐reinforced Composites and Onlay
Authors: Shi Rui , Meng Xingwang , Feng Rui , Hong Shanshan , Hu Chen , Yang Min , Jiang Yuegui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the effects of fibre‐reinforced composites and onlay restorations on the fracture resistance of the cracked teeth. The experiments were grouped as follows: intact teeth, cracked teeth, crown; onlay; annular ribbond + onlay, laminated ribbond + onlay and fibre post + onlay; annular ribbond + crown, laminated ribbond + crown and fibre post + crown. The maximal Von Mises stress of dentin, the maximal Von Mises stress at the crack, the fracture resistance and fracture pattern under static loading were analysed by single‐factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post‐test by LSD. The annular ribbond + crown had a significant difference in fracture resistance than the crown (P < 0.05). The annular ribbond + onlay had more favourable fractures than crown in fracture pattern, and there were significant differences (P < 0.05). Compared with crown restoration, fibre‐reinforced composites and onlay can improve the fracture resistance of the cracked teeth.
Drug‐eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization with medium‐sized versus small‐sized CalliSpheres microspheres in unresectable primary liver cancer
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Feng Guo‐an , Li Yuliang , Wang Wujie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeThe optimal microparticle size for drug‐eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (DEB‐TACE) remains unknown. This retrospective cohort study analyzed the efficacy and safety of CalliSpheres microsphere embolization in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to determine the influence of particle size on the results.Patients and methodsForty‐two patients with unresectable HCC were enrolled in this retrospective study from January 2018 to January 2020. Patients received DEB‐TACE with CalliSpheres of 100–300 μm (small‐size, n = 15) or 300–500 μm (medium‐size, n = 27). The tumor response was evaluated via enhanced CT or MRI at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment, based on the Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Adverse events after DEB‐TACE were recorded.ResultsComplete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease were recorded in 20%, 20%, 33.3%, 26.7%, respectively, of patients in the small‐size group and 3.7%, 25.9%, 44.4%, 25.9% of patients in the medium‐size group, respectively. No significant difference was found between the two groups (p = 0.516). Major adverse events, including grade three liver toxicity (n = 4) and liver abscess (n = 3), occurred significantly more in the small‐size group, while none were reported in the medium size group (p < 0.05).ConclusionDEB‐TACE with medium‐size (300–500 μm) CalliSpheres microspheres had similar efficacy and a better safety profile than DEB‐TACE with small‐size (100–300 μm) CalliSpheres, indicating that medium‐size microspheres may be a better choice for unresectable primary liver cancer.
Case report of paroxysmal atrioventricular block and ventricular arrest in a young pregnant woman: What is the mechanism?
Authors: Wei Jiaohua , Peng Huiru , Li Haisha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA 30‐year‐old female patient with 12 weeks of gestation was admitted to our hospital due to dizziness and amaurosis fugax. Moreover, 24 h Holter monitoring showed paroxysmal atrioventricular block (P‐AVB) and ventricular arrest. The heart block in the patient was likely a vagally mediated heart block based on the "vagal score." She was not given a pacemaker, and the symptoms and AV nodal conduction were improved following the delivery.
β2‐adrenergic stimulation potentiates spontaneous calcium release by increasing signal mass and co‐activation of ryanodine receptor clusters
Authors: Nolla‐Colomer Carme , Casabella‐Ramon Sergi , Jimenez‐Sabado Veronica , Vallmitjana Alexander , Tarifa Carmen , Herraiz‐Martínez Adela , Llach Anna , Tauron Manel , Montiel Jose , Cinca Juan , Chen S. R. Wayne , Benitez Raul , Hove‐Madsen Leif 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsIt is unknown how β‐adrenergic stimulation affects calcium dynamics in individual RyR2 clusters and leads to the induction of spontaneous calcium waves. To address this, we analysed spontaneous calcium release events in green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐tagged RyR2 clusters.MethodsCardiomyocytes from mice with GFP‐tagged RyR2 or human right atrial tissue were subjected to immunofluorescent labelling or confocal calcium imaging.ResultsSpontaneous calcium release from single RyR2 clusters induced 91.4% ± 2.0% of all calcium sparks while 8.0% ± 1.6% were caused by release from two neighbouring clusters. Sparks with two RyR2 clusters had 40% bigger amplitude, were 26% wider, and lasted 35% longer at half maximum. Consequently, the spark mass was larger in two‐ than one‐cluster sparks with a median and interquartile range for the cumulative distribution of 15.7 ± 20.1 vs 7.6 ± 5.7 a.u. (P < .01). β2‐adrenergic stimulation increased RyR2 phosphorylation at s2809 and s2815, tripled the fraction of two‐ and three‐cluster sparks, and significantly increased the spark mass. Interestingly, the amplitude and mass of the calcium released from a RyR2 cluster were proportional to the SR calcium load, but the firing rate was not. The spark mass was also higher in 33 patients with atrial fibrillation than in 36 without (22.9 ± 23.4 a.u. vs 10.7 ± 10.9; P = .015).ConclusionsMost sparks are caused by activation of a single RyR2 cluster at baseline while β‐adrenergic stimulation doubles the mass and the number of clusters per spark. This mimics the shift in the cumulative spark mass distribution observed in myocytes from patients with atrial fibrillation.
In vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of gum arabic under concentrate and forage substrate conditions
Authors: Han Hongyan , Yamanaka Sayaka , Tsukahara Takamitsu , Hotta Yoshio , Takagi Tokuji , Kumagai Hajime 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGum arabic (GA) has potential rumen modifier functions. This is the first study to investigate the in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of GA. Rumen fluid was collected from ruminal fistulated wethers; rolled barley and ryegrass straw were used as substrates for concentrate and forage conditions, respectively. Besides incubating with the substrates alone (control), GA or potato starch (PS) was added at 0.2%, 1.0%, and 2.0% along with substrates. Under the concentrate substrate condition, GA treatments showed higher total gas production in 24‐h incubation, but lower methane production in 24‐ and 48‐h incubation compared with PS treatments (p < 0.05). The 1.0% and 2.0% GA and 0.2% and 1.0% PS treatments showed higher dry matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility and lower NH3‐N, and higher short chain fatty acid concentrations compared with the control at 24‐h incubation (p < 0.05). The GA treatments also showed a lower acetate/propionate ratio than PS treatments at 48‐h incubation (p < 0.01). Under the forage substrate condition, the treatment effects were not significant, except for a higher proportion of propionate with GA than with PS at 24 and 48 h of incubations. We thus concluded that GA supplement may exert potential rumen modifier effects particularly under concentrate feeding condition.
The ecology of sleep in non‐avian reptiles
Authors: Mohanty Nitya P. , Wagener Carla , Herrel Anthony , Thaker Maria 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTSleep is ubiquitous in the animal kingdom and yet displays considerable variation in its extent and form in the wild. Ecological factors, such as predation, competition, and microclimate, therefore are likely to play a strong role in shaping characteristics of sleep. Despite the potential for ecological factors to influence various aspects of sleep, the ecological context of sleep in non‐avian reptiles remains understudied and without systematic direction. In this review, we examine multiple aspects of reptilian sleep, including (i) habitat selection (sleep sites and their spatio‐temporal distribution), (ii) individual‐level traits, such as behaviour (sleep postures), morphology (limb morphometrics and body colour), and physiology (sleep architecture), as well as (iii) inter‐individual interactions (intra‐ and inter‐specific). Throughout, we discuss the evidence of predation, competition, and thermoregulation in influencing sleep traits and the possible evolutionary consequences of these sleep traits for reptile sociality, morphological specialisation, and habitat partitioning. We also review the ways in which sleep ecology interacts with urbanisation, biological invasions, and climate change. Overall, we not only provide a systematic evaluation of the conceptual and taxonomic biases in the existing literature on reptilian sleep, but also use this opportunity to organise the various ecological hypotheses for sleep characteristics. By highlighting the gaps and providing a prospectus of research directions, our review sets the stage for understanding sleep ecology in the natural world.