bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Determination of Total Antioxidant in Anting-Anting (Acalypha indica L.) Leaf Extract
Authors: Refilda  , Ilahi F , Hanifa D , Yefrida  , Batubara I 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAcalypha indicaL. is one of herbal plants found in wet, moderate, tropical areas which grows as a weed. This herb has been used traditionally to treat dysentery, diarrhea, malnutrition, and malaria. But chemical compounds inAcalypha indica L. hasn’t been completely reported yet. This study aims to evaluate chemical compounds and total antioxidant ofAcalypha indica L. extract. The extraction ofAcalypha indica L. was carried out by maceration method using methanol and ethanol as solvent. The rendemen, water and ash content ofAcalypha indicaL. extract determined by gravimetric methods. The DPPH method was used to determine total antioxidant and the X-Ray Fluorescence method was used to analyze of the elements contained in the extract. The yield of methanol extract was 14.83%, this was greater than the ethanol extract ofAcalypha indica L. which was 5.94%. The water and ash content of the methanol extract were obtained 10.57% and 17.44% respectively, while the ethanol extract was 35.66% and 17.93%. Phytochemical screening ofAcalypha indica L. in methanol and ethanol extracts showed that the extracts contained phenolic, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and alkaloids compounds. The total antioxidant was obtained 1.59 mg/gDW and 3.11 mg/gDW in methanol and ethanol extract. XRF analysis results showed that methanol and ethanol extract contained elements Mg, Si, Cl, K, Mn and Fe. Based on the result, it can be concluded thatAcalypha indica L.extract contained some compounds and elements which is beneficial for health.
Accumulation of the Unknown Possible Saccharide’s Derivative Compound during Soybean Seed Germination
Authors: Ismed  , Silvy D , Syukri D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The effect of temperature on oligosaccharides profile during germination process of soybean seed was studied to enrich the basic knowledge on the producing method of soybean sprout with high functionality. In the experiment, the germination temperature conditions were set at 20 °C and 30 °C. Stachyose and raffinose as the main oligosaccharides were determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detector. Both stachyose and raffinose were changed depending on germination temperature; they decreased rapidly under both temperature conditions. Moreover, it also observed the accumulation of an unknown compound during germination process. Since the detection of this compound has present on oligosaccharides chromatographic system and there is no report has informed the accumulation of saccharides derivative compounds during soybean seed germination, this finding need to be further clarified.
Life Cycle Assessment of Cow Tanned Leather Products
Authors: Ulya M , Arifuddin A L , Hidayat K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The leather tanning industry is one of the chemical industries, which significantly impacts the environment. The raw material used for tanning is chromium (Cr), which is toxic to humans. The study aims to estimate the environmental impact of the cow tanned leather production at UD. PK X, Magetan, East Java, Indonesia. The method used is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and analyzed using the “gate to gate” perspective. The results showed that the leather tanning process at UD. PK X produces several impact categories, including climate change for the entire process chain except fleshing and trimming with a total impact value of 2.03E+02 kg CO2 eq. The impact category of human toxicity potential, freshwater ecotoxicology, and marine ecotoxicology on the tanning process (Cr VI) has an impact value of 1.54E+02 kg 1.4 dichlorobenzene eq, 1.25E+03 kg 1.4 dichlorobenzene eq, and 1.55E+05 kg 1.4 dichlorobenzene eq, respectively. The last impact is photochemical oxidation in the setting out process with an impact value of 6.07E-7 kg ethylene eq.
Optimization of the Different Formulations for the Eucalyptus Blended Tea Based on Response Surface Method
Authors: Mu’tamar M F F , Fakhry M , Ulya M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Eucalyptus tea is an effective herbal drink because it reduces cholesterol and blood sugar levels. However, the overall acceptability of Eucalyptus tea was not good, so it needs to be blended with black tea and cinnamon to improve the sensory characteristics. This study aims to obtain an optimum blended Eucalyptus tea formula that meets customer requirements. This study used the response Surface Method (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) using two factors, namely the percentage of black tea powder and cinnamon powder on Eucalyptus leaves powder. The parameters studied to obtain the optimum formula were moisture content, extract content, color and sensory scoring including color, aroma, taste and overall preference of blended Eucalyptus tea. The results showed that the optimum formula for blended tea of Eucalyptus was 48.5% black tea and 29.8% cinnamon.
Combination of Temperature and Time in Epoxidation for Producing Epoxidized Palm Oil as Source of Bio Polyol
Authors: Neswati  , Nazir N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Epoxidized palm oil is an alternative source of bio polyol. The combination of temperature and time in epoxidation reaction is important to produce qualifying epoxidized palm oil. This study used a combination of the temperatures ranged from 50-80 °C and time ranged from 1-4 hours. The epoxidized palm oil parameters were Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), density, oxirane oxygen content (OOC), and iodine value. The result of this study shows that an epoxidation temperature of 70 °C for 3 hours produced the highest OOC, while the epoxidation reaction temperature of 50 °C for 1 hour produced the lowest OOC. Epoxidized palm oil with high OOC is considered to be of better quality. The study also showed that the iodine values were getting lower. It indicates the epoxidation reaction was successful.
Isolation and Characterization of Lipid Degraded Bacteria from Galamai Leftovers
Authors: Murtius W S , Hari P D , Fiana R M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Galamai is one of traditional food originated from West Sumatera Indonesia. The Minangese favor galamai for its chewy texture, sweet taste and its oil content. Galamai shelf life is relatively limited; signed by odor transformation followed by the appearance of white layer on its surface. The transformation that occur in galamai possibly caused by biological degradation and, or hydrolysis and oxidation. Biological degradation as a process by which organic substances are broken down by the enzymes produced by living organism. Typical biodegradation process involves the use of enzymes produced by a microorganism on its target compound and transforming it chemically into other compounds that is less or not harmfull. The research objective is to identify the characters of lipid degraded bacteria that present on Galamai Leftovers (GL). GL samples were derived from souvenir shops in Payakumbuh City. Sample was carried under aseptic condition. 14 isolated bacteria that previously cultured on Nutrient Broth were subjected to morphology tests and then cultured on selective medium for lipolytic activity. Gram staining, characteristic tests and biochemical test were performed to pure isolates. There were 14 isolates found on GL. 3 isolates (KSKP1, KSP1, dan KB2) shown lipid degraded activity. The entire colonies had smooth and glistening surface, the color range from white to yellowish and produce clear zone on Rhodamin-B medium. The entire colonies were gram positive, catalase negative and capable of fermenting sugar. KSKP1 was aerob facultative and produced no endospore. While KSP1 and KB2 were aerobic bacteria with central type endospore and terminal type endospore, subsequently. Verification by Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology suggested that KSKP1 was Staphylococcus, sp, while others were Bacillus, sp.
Identification of Raw Materials, Processes and Products from Traditional Agroindustry Dadiah
Authors: Dewi K H , Hasbullah  , Atiqah N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Agroindustry of dadiah is a small industry of Minangkabau traditional food, made from buffalo milk through spontaneous fermentation. Dadiah is a combination of comparative and competitive advantages that has the potential to be developed in West Sumatra. This synergic and sustainable “local specific” development is expected to be able to increase community income and product added value. This is a further research, after mapping dadiah agroindustry. The purpose of this study is to identify the raw materials, processes and products of dadiah traditional food agro-industry that had been mapped in earlier studies. Dadiah identification includes physical properties (length and diameter of dadiah tube, color, moisture content), chemical (pH) and biological (BAL). The sampling technique uses deliberate sampling techniques, namely the agro-industry that is willing to be interviewed and whose products are analyzed. Observation on the identification of raw materials showed that the length of dadiah tube varied for each group. Tanah Datar District has an average size of 28+ 2cm. The dadiah product of Agam District, taken from two locations, each with size of 10 + 2 (Gaduik) and 17 +/-2 cm (Lambah), Sawahlunto District 30 +/-2 and Solok District 60+/2 5 cm. The physical properties of color, aroma and overall appearance are not different, namely yellowish white, dadiah distinctive aroma, solid shape, flat and curved surface. The chemical properties of dadiah have almost the same pH and ash content.
Evaluation of Selected Chemical Pesticides for Controlling Bacterial Heart Rot Disease in Pineapples Variety MD2
Authors: Sidik S , Sapak Z 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Bacterial heart rot (BHR) disease in pineapple variety MD2 is caused by Dickeya zeae syn. Erwinia chrysanthemi. The present study aims to screen the effectiveness of four systemic chemical pesticides in different dosages for controlling the BHR pathogen in vitro and to evaluate the effectiveness of delivery techniques of the selected chemical pesticides based on in vitro results to control the disease under rain shelter conditions. The pathogen was isolated from symptomatic pineapple leaves with the appearance of water-soaked and rotten basal tissues and confirmed via pathogenicity test. A poisoned food technique was used for in vitro assessment. The pathogen was tested with different pesticide concentrations of 250, 500, 750, 1000 and 1500 mg L−1. Two fungicides were selected based on in vitro study for further investigation under the rain shelter condition. This in vivo study was performed with arrangement of complete randomize design with five treatments and 10 replicates of pineapple plants per treatment. The treatments were difenoconazole with pathogen, mancozeb with pathogen, benomyl with pathogen (standard industry), positive control (pathogen only) and negative control (without pathogen). Data of disease incidence (DI) and disease severity index (DSI) were collected for six-weeks after the early symptoms of BHR were detected. Finding of in vitro study showed that mancozeb and difenoconazole were able to control the pathogen at the lowest concentration of 250 mg L−1 from the recommended rate. These two fungicides were consistently giving the similar results for the rain shelter study. The treatments with difenoconazole recorded the lowest value of DI and DSI with 4.60% and 0.00%, respectively. Then followed by mancozeb with DI of 5.62% and 63.71%. In contrast, besides positive control, the treatment of benomyl displayed the high values of DI (8.38%) and DSI (89.81%). Based on these findings, difenoconazole with combination method is the most effective control method for controlling BHR in pineapple. However, this research is highly recommended to be further investigated under the field conditions.
Feasibility Analysis of Establishment of Euphorbia hirta Extract-Fortified Honey Industry
Authors: Nugroho A , Heryani H , Istikowati W T 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDuring this last decade, the highest death rate in Indonesia was caused by degenerative diseases, such as heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes. Life style, including consumption pattern with lacks of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants is suspected as one of the main causes. Modern functional food is designed to accommodate the practical uses and its main function to supply some deficient nutrients. Honey fortified with extract ofEuphorbia hirtawas designed as functional food to comply the practical uses and as health beneficial food, especially for its special function as strong antioxidant. This works analyzed the feasibility of establishing a functional food industry for honey fortified withE. hirtabased on local resources. The aspects observed included marketing aspects, technical aspects, legal aspects, management aspects, and also financial aspects. From the measurement of financial aspects, we obtained that net present value of the business was Rp197, 535, 270.00, net benefit and cost ratio was 1.72, internal rate of return value was 48.27% with payback period for 2.1 years. The business will reach break-even point by selling 18, 509 bottles of products. Considering the values of the analyzed financial parameters, the business is declared feasible to be implemented.
Characterization of Effective Microorganism (Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria) Isolated from Rice-Field Soils
Authors: Rosnan N A , Aziz K M , Hashim M M , Nor M N M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is included in one of the effective organisms for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and considered as promising biofertilizers. This study is focused on identifying with inoculations PSB will give effects to the solubilization of phosphorus in soil and become available for plant uptake. To address this, four treatments are set up which are Merlimau soil (T0), Merlimau soil with Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) (T1), Tanjong Karang soil (T2), and Tanjong Karang soil with PSB (T3). Available P for the treatments and the value of soil pH is being taken as the parameter. Besides, the growth performance of rice plants was also recorded with the measurement of plant height, the number of tillers, and the number of leaves on weekly for five weeks. The soil analysis for available P and the soil pH was found to have a significant increase when treated with PSB as shown for the results of T1 and T3. The plant analysis for the growth performance of rice plants also shows that better growth of plants for the soils that have been treated with PSB. Thus, the application of PSB to the rice-field soil can increase P availability and reduce the acidity of the soil. In addition, it gives effect to the performance of the rice growth where this study shows results in increasing plant height, higher development of tillers, and plant leaves compared to the soils that do not treated with PSB.
Ant Community (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) at the Forest Park of Sultan Syarif Hasyim, Riau
Authors: Putri F A , Yulminarti  , Herwina H , Janra M N , Satria R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Research on ant community (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) had been carried out at natural and disturbed area in Sultan Syarif Hasyim Forest Park, Minas District, Siak Regency, Riau Province, from 22-25 July 2020 using five sampling methods namely Pitfall Trap, Honey Bait Trap, Hand Collecting, Leaf Litter Sifting and Soil Core Sampling. This study aimed to determine the composition of ant species, diversity and evenness of ants across the habitats in the study site. The study identified 23 species from 15 genera, nine tribes and five subfamilies with a total of 2, 458 individuals collected. The most common species was Nylanderia sp. 1, while Baited Trap collected most ant individuals at each location. The analysis revealed that Nylanderia sp. 1 became the most abundant species at two sampling area, indicated by index value 0.32. The natural and disturbed area had moderate diversity and similarity (H’= 1.74, E = 0.59). Environmental conditions were thought to affect the composition of ants were soil pH, soil temperature, soil moisture, air temperature and humidity. In addition, the availability of food sources, interspecific competition, habitat quality and human activities were also included as influence for ant community.
Ant Community (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) at Ghimbo Potai Traditional Prohibited Forest, Kampar, Riau
Authors: Ariani L , Yulminarti  , Herwina H , Janra M N , Satria R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Forest becomes essential natural resource that greatly sustain the existence of flora and fauna diversity, including ant species. The presence of ants can be used as bio-indicator for habitat condition. On the other hand, forest conversion threats the live of ants. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of ant and its composition at three different habitats, namely secondary forest, disturbed habitat and rubber plantation. The study had been conducted in February 2020 using pitfall traps that deployed for 72 hours. This research recorded from the three studied habitats as many as 16 species from seven tribes and four subfamilies. The rubber plantation and disturbed habitat had moderate diversity of ant, indicated from its H’ value range between 1 to 3, while the secondary forest became the lowest in the diversity of ant with H’ less than 1.
Diversity of Butterfly species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) attracted to Carrion Trap at Harau Valley Nature Reserve
Authors: Bibas E , Herwina H , Dahelmi  , Janra M N , Amanda A K 
Published: May 2021

AbstractButterflies are important insect used as bioindicator in addition to their attractiveness in nature. In the wild, butterflies actually use broad spectrum of food sources rather than just sipping nectar as commonly known. This study aimed to collect butterflies that may use substances produced by decaying carrion. It used Carrion Bite Traps baited with decaying fishes or shrimps and set at Harau Valley Nature Reserve areas from April to June 2019. The traps were checked every 24 hours for seven consecutive days at valley site, conservation site sites and plantations site. A total 35 butterfly species that belong to 24 genera and four families identified from 90 collected individuals. Nymphalidae became butterfly family with the highest species number observed (30), while three other families with few species recorded, i.e. Hesperidae with three species, Lycaenidae and Pieridae with one species each. This result might suggest specific trophic of Nymphaeidae compared to other butterfly families. Species diversity for butterflies in relation to decaying carrion was high (3.24), indicating the effectiveness of carrion as bait for butterflies in biodiversity rapid assessment.
Parasitism on Riparian Dragonflies (Odonata) at Biology Education and Research Forest, Universitas Andalas
Authors: Janra M N , Herwina H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Parasitism on dragonflies (Odonata) may become the least attention in most entomological studies in Indonesia, since it possesses much indirect effect to human being. The odonata parasitism is caused by the infestation of water mite larvae onto the body of adult dragonflies. In this paper we discuss the result of odonatological survey we did at two tributaries in Biology Education and Research Forest (BERF), Universitas Andalas. The survey had been conducted between August to November 2019. We recorded 17 dragonfly species bound to these tributaries, 12 Zygopterans and 5 Anispterans. Water mite infestation was observed to happen on four Zygopteran species and one Anisoptera. The highest prevalence was shown by Orthetrum testaceum (100%), followed by Euphaea variegata (16.67%), Prodasineura verticalis (14.29%), Euphaea modigliani (3.57%) and Heliocypha angusta angusta (0.85%). In overall, the prevalence on community level reached 3.29%. The parasitism case observed in the tributaries of BERF can be classified as low incident, each infested odonate only contained a single water mite except for O. testaceum with two water mites. We presume that habitat condition may contribute to the rate of dragonfly parasitism, where a good habitat help lowering the parasitism incident.
Biotransformation Methods of Paddy Straw into Bioethanol
Authors: Sarif N N , Jumali S S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Bio-fuel production can be categorized into biodiesel and bioethanol and the most common renewable fuel today is ethanol derived from sugar. Future large-scale use for ethanol will most certainly have to be based on production from lignocellulosic materials due to its abundance in food crop waste. This article gives an overview on paddy straw biotransformation into ethanol. Rice straw has lignocellulosic material for bioethanol production since it is one of the most abundant renewable resources. Paddy straw especially, has favorable characteristics such as high hemicellulose and cellulose content that can be readily hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars. However, one of the major challenges in developing technology for bioethanol production from paddy straw is selection of an appropriate pre-treatment and fermentation method.
Coexistence of memory and threshold switching behaviors in natural milk-based organic memristor
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Jiahui , Wang Kunjie , Wang Li , Liu Xianrong , Jing Yan , Xu Benhua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Natural biomaterials have attracted great interest for the fabrication of biocompatible memristors. Here, dense and smooth milk films were deposited on the Pt/SiO2/Si substrate by spin-coating method and resistive switching (RS) devices based milk films with the configuration of Ag/milk/Pt/SiO2/Si are fabricated for the first time. Furthermore, memory RS (MRS) and threshold RS (TRS) effects coexist in the devices, which can be controlled by appropriately setting the compliance current (I
cc). The current conduction mechanisms of the devices with MRS and TRS effects are controlled by typical trap-controlled space charge limited current (SCLC) conduction and filamentary conduction mechanism. The good RS performances of the milk-based devices make them promising for sustainable bioelectronics and novel logic device applications.
Rheology and alkali-silica reaction of alkali-activated slag mortars modified by fly ash microsphere: a comparative analysis to OPC mortars
Authors: Zhang Fuyang , Yao Xiao , Yang Tao , Gao Xuan , Geng Chenzi , Jiang Tao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The poor workability and the risk of alkali-silica reaction (ASR) caused by alkaline activators restrict the wide range of applications of alkali-activated slag (AAS) cement. This paper presents a study on the effect of fly ash microsphere (FAM) on mitigating the rheological properties and ASR of AAS mortars for the first time. For comparison, the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) mortars blended with FAM are also prepared and investigated. The FAM addition is effective in decreasing the viscosity and meanwhile increasing the fluidity of the AAS pastes and mortars due to its ‘ball-bearings’ effect. According to the results obtained from the accelerated mortar bar test, the addition of more than 10% FAM reduces the ASR expansion effectively in both of the AAS and OPC mortars. Mineralogical studies demonstrate that for the AAS mortars, FAM promotes the formation of C-A-S-H gel phases with a better alkali binding capacity to mitigate ASR. The pozzolanic reaction of FAM consumes Ca(OH)2 in the OPC mortars, which is essential to the ASR development. In addition, minor ASR products are observed in the AAS or OPC mortars modified with FAM, and meanwhile there is a more strong bonding between the interface of aggregate-paste.