bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Military Orthopedic Surgeons Are Not Just Traumatologists
Authors: Choufani Camille , Barbier Olivier , Mathieu Laurent , de L’Escalopier Nicolas 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Each French military orthopedic surgeon is both an orthopedic surgeon and a trauma surgeon. Their mission is to support the armed forces in France and on deployment. The aim of this study was to describe the type of orthopedic surgery performed for the armed forces in France. Our hypothesis was that scheduled surgery was more common than trauma surgery.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis of the surgical activity for military patients in the orthopedic surgery departments of the four French military platform hospitals. All surgical procedures performed during 2020 were collected. We divided the procedures into the following categories: heavy and light trauma, posttraumatic reconstruction surgery, sports surgery, degenerative surgery, and specialized surgery. Our primary endpoint was the number of procedures performed per category.

Results
A total of 827 individuals underwent surgery, 91 of whom (11%) were medical returnees from deployment. The surgeries performed for the remaining 736 soldiers present in metropolitan France (89%) consisted of 181 (24.6%) trauma procedures (of which 86.7% were light trauma) and 555 (75.4%) scheduled surgery procedures (of which 60.8% were sports surgery). Among the medical returnees, there were 71 traumatology procedures (78%, of which 87.3% were light traumatology) and 20 procedures corresponding to surgery usually carried out on a scheduled basis (22%, of which 95% were sports surgery).

Conclusion
Military orthopedic surgeons are not just traumatologists; their activity for the armed forces is varied and mainly consists of so-called programmed interventions.
Beyond Limb Salvage: Limb Restoration Efforts Following Remote Combat-Related Extremity Injuries Optimize Outcomes and Support Sustained Surgical Readiness
Authors: Wade Sean M , Harrington Colin J , Hoyt Benjamin W , Melendez-Munoz Angelica M , Potter Benjamin K , Souza Jason M 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionAs the combat operational tempo of the military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan has declined over the last decade, there has been a decrease in the number of patients requiring acute limb salvage. In their place, a growing population of patients with persistent functional deficits, pain, and inadequate soft tissue coverage stemming from prior limb salvage strategies have returned to our institution seeking revision surgery. Herein, we examine our institution’s evolving surgical approach to extremity reconstruction from 2011 through 2019, culminating in the development of our limb restoration concept. We also discuss the impact of this orthoplastic approach on the acute management of complex extremity trauma and its role in providing sustained surgical readiness during interwar years.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all limb reconstructive procedures performed at our tertiary care military treatment facility between September 1, 2011 to December 31, 2019 to characterize the trends in extremity reconstruction procedures performed at our institution. Cases were identified as limb restoration procedures if they involved secondary/revision reconstructive procedures designed to optimize function, treat pain, or improve the durability of the injured extremity following initial reconstruction efforts.ResultsNearly 500 limb restoration procedures were performed during the study period. These procedures steadily increased since 2011, reaching a maximum of 120 in 2018. Orthoplastic procedures such as osseointegration, targeted muscle reinnervation, regenerative peripheral nerve interface, agonist–antagonist myoneural interface, and soft tissue resurfacing flap reconstruction accounted for the rise in secondary/revision reconstruction performed during this time period.ConclusionLimb restoration is a collaborative orthoplastic approach that utilizes state-of-the-art surgical techniques for treating complex extremity trauma. Although limb restoration originally developed in response to managing the long-term sequelae of combat extremity trauma, the concept can be adapted to the acute management setting. Moreover, limb restoration provides military surgeons with a means for maintaining critical war-time surgical skills during the current low casualty rate era.Level of Evidence: V, therapeutic.
The EGFRvIII transcriptome in glioblastoma: A meta-omics analysis
Authors: Hoogstrate Youri , Ghisai Santoesha A , de Wit Maurice , de Heer Iris , Draaisma Kaspar , van Riet Job , van de Werken Harmen J G , Bours Vincent , Buter Jan , Vanden Bempt Isabelle , Eoli Marica , Franceschi Enrico , Frenel Jean-Sebastien , Gorlia Thierry , Hanse Monique C , Hoeben Ann , Kerkhof Melissa , Kros Johan M , Leenstra Sieger , Lombardi Giuseppe , Lukacova Slávka , Robe Pierre A , Sepulveda Juan M , Taal Walter , Taphoorn Martin , Vernhout René M , Walenkamp Annemiek M E , Watts Colin , Weller Michael , de Vos Filip Y F , Jenster Guido W , van den Bent Martin , French Pim J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
EGFR is among the genes most frequently altered in glioblastoma, with exons 2-7 deletions (EGFRvIII) being among its most common genomic mutations. There are conflicting reports about its prognostic role and it remains unclear whether and how it differs in signaling compared with wildtype EGFR.

Methods
To better understand the oncogenic role of EGFRvIII, we leveraged 4 large datasets into 1 large glioblastoma transcriptome dataset (n = 741) alongside 81 whole-genome samples from 2 datasets.

Results
The EGFRvIII/EGFR expression ratios differ strongly between tumors and range from 1% to 95%. Interestingly, the slope of relative EGFRvIII expression is near-linear, which argues against a more positive selection pressure than EGFR wildtype. An absence of selection pressure is also suggested by the similar survival between EGFRvIII-positive and -negative glioblastoma patients. EGFRvIII levels are inversely correlated with pan-EGFR (all wildtype and mutant variants) expression, which indicates that EGFRvIII has a higher potency in downstream pathway activation. EGFRvIII-positive glioblastomas have a lower CDK4 or MDM2 amplification incidence than EGFRvIII-negative (P = .007), which may point toward crosstalk between these pathways. EGFRvIII-expressing tumors have an upregulation of “classical” subtype genes compared to those with EGFR-amplification only (P = 3.873e−6). Genomic breakpoints of the EGFRvIII deletions have a preference toward the 3′-end of the large intron-1. These preferred breakpoints preserve a cryptic exon resulting in a novel EGFRvIII variant and preserve an intronic enhancer.

Conclusions
These data provide deeper insights into the complex EGFRvIII biology and provide new insights for targeting EGFRvIII mutated tumors.
Study of the standard model with weak decays of charmed hadrons at BESIII
Authors: Li Hai-Bo , Lyu Xiao-Rui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA comprehensive review of weak decays of charmed hadrons (D0/ +, $D^+_s$ and $\Lambda ^+_c$) based on analyses of the threshold data from e+e− annihilation in the BESIII experiment is presented. Current experimental challenges and successes in understanding decays of the charmed hadrons are discussed. Precise calibrations of quantum chromodynamics and tests of the standard model are provided by measurements of purely leptonic and semi-leptonic decays of charmed hadrons, and lepton universality is probed in purely leptonic decays of charmed mesons to three generations of leptons. Quantum correlations in threshold data samples provide access to strong phases in the neutral D meson decays and probe the decay dynamics of the charmed Λc baryon. Charm physics studies with near-threshold production of charmed particle pairs are unique to BESIII, and provide many important opportunities and challenges.
The New Nicotine Pouch Category: A Tobacco Harm Reduction Tool?
Authors: Patwardhan Sudhanshu , Fagerström Karl 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Nicotine pouches to be put under the upper lip are a new category of products that are being rapidly developed and marketed as consumer goods with little research or regulatory oversight. We have identified research gaps in assessing their harm and benefit potential, and possible regulatory science approaches to inform the policies that can allow a maximization of the category’s public health potential while minimizing unintended consequences.
Implications: This commentary presents a potential blueprint for a comprehensive assessment of the nicotine pouches category. Data from the proposed research areas can better inform the regulatory policy decisions around the category, with the aim to maximize the category’s tobacco harm reduction potential while minimizing unintended harms.
Rethinking Defection: An Analysis of Anti-defection Laws in India
Authors: Guruvayurappan Darsan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAre anti-defection laws efficient? Many parliamentary democracies have enacted anti-defection laws to prevent frequent government collapses and political instability. Using the anti-defection law in India as a reference, I argue that the party-based anti-defection laws enacted in many Westminster-style Parliamentary democracies do not achieve their goals, yet drastically impact representative decision-making. I show how the entitlements and protections granted by anti-defection laws to political parties and legislators do not achieve the purpose of maintaining government stability and suggest two options to improve it.
Investigating the relationship of schools reopening to increases in COVID-19 infections using event study methodology: The case of the Delta variant
Authors: Valentine Randall , Valentine Dawn , Valentine Jimmie L 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundHypothesis: School reopening had a significant impact on COVID-19 infection rates across USA states.MethodsEight states with fully reopened public schools were studied. States who did not previously have stay-at-home orders for a minimum of 30 days were excluded from the study so that increases in infection rates would be solely due to the economies of reopening. This study used event study methodology with a 30-day estimation window. This allowed us to determine if increases in COVID-19 infection rates were significant following schools reopening.ResultsEight states were analyzed, and seven of the states had positive and significant COVID-19 infection increases. The other state’s increase was negative and significant.ConclusionsThis study found that reopening of schools had an initial 5-day increase in COVID-19 infections in seven of eight states whose data were examined. With schools being re-opened nationwide in Fall 2021, this indicates that with the Delta variant there is an expected significant increase in infections.
Assessment of toxicological consequences upon acute inhalation exposure to chemically improvised nonlethal riot control combinational formulation (NCF) containing oleoresin capsicum and skatole
Authors: Das Sanghita , Saha Achintya , Patowary Pompy , Niri Pakter , Goyary Danswrang , Karmakar Sanjeev , Chattopadhyay Pronobesh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Sensory irritation is an acute adverse effect leading to temporary disability posed by riot control agents in various deployable forms are utilized by defense personal in violent mob attacks but their irreversible toxic effects and risk assessment have been a matter of concern. These intimidating risks of available riot control agents have led to exploring the pulmonary toxicity profile of the oil in water emulsion formulation developed for vicious crowd controls containing an irritant oleoresin capsicum, a malodorant (skatole), and a commercial dye, followed by characterization using standard methods. Nonlethal riot control combinational formulation (NCF) has been aimed to be the best possible low-lethal alternative for riot control measures. In this study, 30 min of acute inhalation exposure of NCF was given to Wistar rats and various respiratory parameters like lung dynamics, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytological assays, pro-inflammatory cytokines estimation, antioxidant activity, collagen accumulation, cytotoxicity, in vivo lung imaging, western blot, histology of lung tissue, etc. were investigated to validate its potentiality and rate of irritation reversibility as nonlethal agents. An exaggerated physiological change like sensory irritation, changes in lung functional variables, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, etc. were noticed initially without airway obstruction as the expression of nociceptive TRPV1 protein did not alter the physiological regulation of protective proteins like Nrf2 and HO-1 and also no abnormality was found in lung tissue architecture. In conclusion, it can be stated that this formulation can be explored as a nonlethal riot control agent intending to generate discomfort but with early reversibility of sensory irritation and no recurrence of toxicity.
Pedobacter riviphilus sp. nov., isolated from stream sediment
Authors: Im Hong Sik , Joung Yochan , Lee Sang-Seob 
Published: September 2021

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile by gliding, rod-shaped and pink-coloured bacterium, designated strain SW-16T, was isolated from the sediment of small stream in the Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SW-16T formed a lineage within the genus

Pedobacter

of the family

Sphingobacteriaceae

. Phylogenetic analysis also showed that strain SW-16T was most closely related to

Pedobacter soli

15-51T (98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity),

Pedobacter humicola

R135T (97.5%),

Pedobacter suwonensis

15-52T (97.4%),

Pedobacter sandarakinus

DS-27T (97.0%) and

Pedobacter kyungheensis

THG-T17T (97.0%). Growth was observed at 10–37 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6–8 (optimum at pH 7) and with 0–2.0 % NaCl (optimum at 0%). The major fatty acids of the bacterial strain were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1
ω7c). The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified amino lipids, one unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. The genome size of strain SW-16T was 5.8 Mbp and the G+C content was 38.5 mol%. Based on the results of phenotypic, genomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain SW-16T represents a novel species of the genus

Pedobacter

, for which the name Pedobacter riviphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SW-16T (=KEMB 1602–396T=KCTC 82079T=JCM 34181T).
Seasonal land use land cover change and the drivers in Kafta-Sheraro National Park, Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Temesgen Fitsum , Warkineh Bikila , Hailemicael Alemayehu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractKafta-sheraro national park (KSNP) is one of the homes of the African elephant has experienced extensive destruction of woodland following regular land use & land cover change in the past three decades, however, up to date, data and documentation detailing for these changes are not addressed. This study aims to evaluate the land use land cover change and drivers of change that occurred between 1988 and 2018. Landsat 5(TM), Landsat7 (ETM+), and Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRs) imagery sensors, field observation, and socio-economic survey data were used. The temporal and spatial Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was calculated and tested the correlation between NDVI and precipitation/temperature. The study computed a kappa coefficient of the dry season (0.90) and wet season (0.845). Continuous decline of woodland (29.38%) and riparian vegetation (47.11%) whereas an increasing trend of shrub-bushland (35.28%), grassland (43.47%), bareland (27.52%), and cultivated land (118.36 km2) were showed over thirty years. More results showed bare land was expanded from wet to drier months, while, cultivated land and grazing land increased from dry to wet months. Based on the NDVI result high-moderate vegetation was decreased by 21.47% while sparse & non-vegetation was expanded by 19.8% & 1.7% (36.5 km2) respectively. Settlement & agricultural expansion, human-induced fire, firewood collection, gold mining, and charcoal production were the major proximate drivers that negatively affected the park resources. Around KSNP, the local community livelihood depends on farming, expansion of agricultural land is the main driver for woodland dynamics/depletion and this leads to increase resources competition and challenges for the survival of wildlife. Therefore, urgent sustainable conservation of park biodiversity via encouraging community participation in conservation practices and preparing awareness creation programs should be mandatory.
Carbon footprint evaluation of local dwellings in Bangladesh towards low carbon society
Authors: Islam Rezuana , Chowdhury Sajal , Jannat Nusrat , Paul Pranjib 
Published: September 2021

PurposeLocal dwellings of Bangladesh have specific environmental characteristics. These dwellings extensively use locally available materials and construction techniques. Therefore, carbon footprint (CF), as a prominent environmental parameter, is greatly affected by construction materials and techniques. Nonetheless, scientific justification is limited to evaluate CF of these dwellings in Bangladesh according to different local construction materials. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate different rural dwellings’ CF for both construction and operational phases toward the development of low carbon society in Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachFor evaluating CF, literature review and field studies were conducted to specify and categorize cases. An intensive field monitoring and occupant's survey were performed during summer. A widely recognized compliant database and assessment tool “Ecoinvent v3” was used based on International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14040 and 14044. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected to evaluate constructional and operational stages of carbon emission using hybrid methods formed by process-based and economic input–output life cycle analysis (EIO-LCA) approaches.FindingsThe study indicates that different building materials significantly impact on dwelling's amount of carbon emission according to construction techniques. Brick dwelling's construction stage carbon emission was nearly 3.86 times higher than timber, whereas, 6.75 times higher than mud dwelling. In terms of operational stage, local brick dwelling emits higher carbon compared to others relating to occupants’ lifestyle and activities.Originality/valueThis study will contribute to helping professionals and policy-makers to interpret and evaluate architectural design and construction processes for improving low-carbon dwellings in Bangladesh.
Intention to continue using mobile learning: the effects of perceived values and role of locus of control
Authors: Magsayo Roche Tumlad 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe study aims to determine the factor of perceived machine learning adoption (MLA) values that affect learners' intention to continue using (ICU), the extent of their relationships in the learners' ICU and the role of locus of control (LOC) in their relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed a rigorous literature review of MLA studies that lead to a multidimensional value-based theoretical model. This model combined the theory of consumption and altruistic values. Simple descriptive statistics provide the frequency and percentage of the demographic profile. An orthogonalized approach was used to assess for investigating moderating effects. The data and model analysis used a convenience sample of 419 undergraduate perceptions of MLA value from rural higher education institutions (HEIs) in the Philippines.FindingsThe findings indicate that three perceived values (functional value (FUV), social value (SOV) and spiritual value (SPV)) of MLA significantly affect learners' ICU. Interestingly, the study found that LOC strengthens the positive relationship of FUV on learners' ICU.Originality/valueThe study is one of the few to provide evidence on using a multidimensional value-based adoption model in MLA. The study successfully integrates SPV to the concept of perceived value ignored in the theory of consumption value (TCV) and the role of LOC on FUV relationship to learners' ICU.
Energy and historic buildings: toward evidence-based policy reform
Authors: Avrami Erica , Most Jennifer L. , Gasha Anna , Ghoshal Shreya M. 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis research informs the intersection of climate and heritage policy development by examining the history of US energy policy as it relates to historic buildings, emerging policy tools to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the implications of a changing legislative landscape on historic buildings through the case of New York City.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a multi-method approach, including a review of US energy codes; discourse analysis of government records, energy studies, and reports related to historic buildings and energy; select research into energy-related heritage policy at the municipal level; and geospatial and statistical methods to analyze policy implications in the case study of New York City.FindingsHistoric buildings have long been afforded exemptions from energy code compliance in the US, and these waivers are widespread. Contemporary operating energy and greenhouse gas data, as well as energy justice findings about whom these waivers privilege, challenge these exemptions and signal a need for significant policy reform in light of climate change.Originality/valueThis study questions longstanding rhetoric about historic buildings being inherently green and supports the need for more evidence-based research to undergird heritage policy reform that is equitable and climate-responsive.