bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Composite Phase Change Materials Based on Lauric‐Myristic Acid and Expanded Vermiculite with Carbon Layer
Authors: Liu Mingyong , Xu Yunfei , Zhang Xiaoguang , Qiao Jiaxin , Mi Ruiyu , Huang Zhaohui , Min Xin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe low thermal conductivity and poor shape stability of phase change materials (PCMs) limit their application in the field of energy‐saving buildings. Lauric‐myristic acid (LA‐MA)/modified expanded vermiculite (MEV) composites as form‐stable phase change materials (FS‐PCMs) were prepared in this study. To improve their heat transfer properties, expanded vermiculite (EV) was impregnated with sucrose, starch and glucose solutions and then carbonized at a high temperature to attain MEVs, which act as a matrix in the PCMs. LA‐MA was adsorbed into the MEVs to obtain the LA‐MA/MEV FS‐PCMs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that both EV and MEV have highly porous structures and can be used as PCMs carriers. The composite PCMs impregnated with starch obtain the best heat transfer properties in comparison with the other two samples. The melting temperature of the composite PCMs is 34.2 °C and the melting latent heat value is 141.9 J/g. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the composite PCMs present good thermal stability. Overall, LA‐MA/MEV FS‐PCMs are promising energy efficient materials that can be used as building materials.
High‐Performance Flexible Self‐Powered Photodetectors Utilizing Spontaneous Electron and Hole Separation in Quasi‐2D Halide Perovskites
Authors: Lai Zhengxun , Meng You , Zhu Qi , Wang Fei , Bu Xiuming , Li Fangzhou , Wang Wei , Liu Chuntai , Wang Feng , Ho Johnny C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough there are recent advances in many areas of quasi‐2D halide perovskites, photodetectors based on these materials still cannot achieve satisfactory performance for practical applications where high responsivity, fast response, self‐powered nature, and excellent mechanical flexibility are urgently desired. Herein, utilizing one‐step spin‐coating method, self‐assemble quasi‐2D perovskite films with graded phase distribution in the order of increasing number of metal halide octahedral layers are successfully prepared. Gradient type‐II band alignments along the out‐of‐plane direction of perovskites with spontaneous separation of photo‐generated electrons and holes are obtained and then employed to construct self‐powered vertical‐structure photodetectors for the first time. Without any driving voltage, the device exhibits impressive performance with the responsivity up to 444 mA W−1 and ultrashort response time down to 52 µs. With a bias voltage of 1.5 V, the device responsivity becomes 3463 mA W−1 with the response speed as fast as 24 µs. Importantly, the device's mechanical flexibility is greatly enhanced since the photocurrent prefers flowing through the metal halide octahedral layers between the top and bottom contact electrodes in the vertical device structure, being more tolerant to film damage. These results evidently indicate the potential of graded quasi‐2D perovskite phases for next‐generation optoelectronic devices.
Post‐Oligocene diversification in Australia: Phylogeography, systematics and new species of Gonocarpus (Haloragaceae)
Authors: Moody Michael L. , Garcia Michelle 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe angiosperm genus Gonocarpus (Haloragaceae) is an enigmatic group of herbs and shrubs that occurs primarily in Australia (36/41 spp.) with four species ranging into New Zealand and/or Asia. Much of Gonocarpus diversity is found in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR), an international biodiversity hotspot, where several species are endemic and recognized as rare or of priority concern. The diversification of Gonocarpus throughout Australia started in the early Miocene, which makes it a strong candidate for examining phylogenetic patterns related to post‐Oligocene aridity events. The most recent taxonomic treatment for the genus was based on morphology alone and included relatively few specimens from some taxa, as collections were limited. This genus is modest in floral displays, but its striking intricate floral and fruit morphology have been critical to help define the species. Here, we use a molecular phylogenetic approach with DNA sequence data collected from the nrDNA ITS and cpDNA regions to construct phylogenetic hypotheses to examine species limits, determine times of divergence, and reconstruct ancestral distribution. Most of the SWAFR diversity originates from a most recent common ancestor (MRCA) ≈8 Ma with most diversification occurring over the late Miocene. There were two other diversification events into Southwest Australia from a geographically widespread clade in the genus also from a MRCA ≈8 Ma. Diversification in the southeast temperate region occurred during the Pliocene/Pleistocene. Late Miocene aridification is likely important for most of the patterns of historical biogeography found in the genus, rather than extreme climate fluctuation of the Pleistocene. Two new species are described for the genus.
Psychotherapie auf Distanz in Österreich während COVID‑19. Zusammenfassung der bisher publizierten Ergebnisse von drei Onlinebefragungen
Authors: Probst Thomas , Haid Barbara , Schimböck Wolfgang , Stippl Peter , Humer Elke 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Donau-Universität Krems untersuchte in Kooperation mit dem Österreichischen Bundesverband für Psychotherapie mit drei Onlinebefragungen Psychotherapie auf Distanz in Österreich während der COVID-19-Pandemie. Dieser Artikel fasst die bisherigen bereits publizierten Ergebnisse dieser Befragungen zusammen. An der ersten Onlinebefragung, welche in den ersten Wochen des ersten coronabedingten Lockdowns in Österreich stattfand, beteiligten sich insgesamt 1547 Psychotherapeut*innen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Psychotherapeut*innen während des Lockdowns Psychotherapie im persönlichen Kontakt verstärkt durch Psychotherapie auf Distanz (Telefon oder Internet) ersetzten. Ein erhöhtes Stresserleben sowie jobbezogene Ängste waren v. a. bei Psychotherapeut*innen vorhanden, bei denen Psychotherapie die einzige Einnahmequelle darstellte. Die Erfahrungen mit Psychotherapie auf Distanz wurden als insgesamt positiver beschrieben als sie erwartet wurden. Nichtsdestotrotz wurde Psychotherapie auf Distanz als nicht vollständig vergleichbar mit Psychotherapie im persönlichen Kontakt angesehen. An einer zweiten Onlinebefragung nach dem ersten Lockdown (Sommer 2020) beteiligten sich 222 Psychotherapeut*innen aus Österreich. Ziel dieser Befragung war es den Wechsel des Behandlungsformats (persönlich zu digital oder digital zu persönlich) im Hinblick auf die Anwendung spezifischer therapeutischer Interventionen genauer zu untersuchen. Unter digital wurden verschiede Medien wie z. B. Sprachtelefonie, Videokonferenz, Chats und E‑Mail subsumiert. Zeitgleich mit der zweiten Befragung wurde eine dritte Onlinebefragung durchgeführt, an der 139 Patient*innen der 222 österreichischen Psychotherapeut*innen teilnahmen, um auch die Patient*innen-Perspektive beim Wechsel des Behandlungsformats zu untersuchen. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Psychotherapeut*innen und Patient*innen beim Wechsel des Behandlungsformats einen Unterschied hinsichtlich der angewandten therapeutischen Interventionen erlebten. So wurden die untersuchten therapeutischen Interventionen als typischer für die Therapie im direkten persönlichen Kontakt als für die Psychotherapie auf Distanz bewertet. Zudem veränderte sich die subjektive Bedeutung verschiedener Bereiche des Lebens während der Corona-Pandemie. Die bisherigen Auswertungen zeigen, dass die COVID-19 Pandemie einen deutlichen Impact auf die Psychotherapiepraxis in Österreich hat. Weitere quantitative und qualitative Auswertungen der Daten werden noch tiefergehende Erkenntnisse liefern.
Design of a force-measuring setup for colorectal compression anastomosis and first ex-vivo results
Authors: Steger Jana , Patzke Isabella , Berlet Maximilian , Ficht Stefanie , Eblenkamp Markus , Mela Petra , Wilhelm Dirk 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The introduction of novel endoscopic instruments is essential to reduce trauma in visceral surgery. However, endoscopic device development is hampered by challenges in respecting the dimensional restrictions, due to the narrow access route, and by achieving adequate force transmission. As the overall goal of our research is the development of a patient adaptable, endoscopic anastomosis manipulator, biomechanical and size-related characterization of gastrointestinal organs are needed to determine technical requirements and thresholds to define functional design and load-compatible dimensioning of devices.

Methods
We built an experimental setup to measure colon tissue compression piercing forces. We tested 54 parameter sets, including variations of three tissue fixation configurations, three piercing body configurations (four, eight, twelve spikes) and insertion trajectories of constant velocities (5 mms−1, 10 mms−1,15 mms−1) and constant accelerations (5 mms−2, 10 mms−2, 15 mms−2) each in 5 samples. Furthermore, anatomical parameters (lumen diameter, tissue thickness) were recorded.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference in insertion forces neither between the trajectory groups, nor for variation of tissue fixation configurations. However, we observed a statistically significant increase in insertion forces for increasing number of spikes. The maximum mean peak forces for four, eight and twelve spikes were 6.4 ± 1.5 N, 13.6 ± 1.4 N and 21.7 ± 5.8 N, respectively. The 5th percentile of specimen lumen diameters and pierced tissue thickness were 24.1 mm and 2.8 mm, and the 95th percentiles 40.1 mm and 4.8 mm, respectively.

Conclusion
The setup enabled reliable biomechanical characterization of colon material, on the base of which design specifications for an endoscopic anastomosis device were derived. The axial implant closure unit must enable axial force transmission of at least 28 N (22 ± 6 N). Implant and applicator diameters must cover a range between 24 and 40 mm, and the implant gap, compressing anastomosed tissue, between 2 and 5 mm.
The Politics of Intolerant Laws against Adherents of Indigenous Beliefs or Aliran Kepercayaan in Indonesia
Authors: Nalle Victor Imanuel W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEarlier studies have examined the discriminatory effects of laws and policies against the adherents of indigenous beliefs—Aliran Kepercayaan—in Indonesia. However, those studies do not show how the politics of law were developed through the prior sociopolitical processes in Indonesia’s legislative history. This study analyzes how and why the government initiated and later put an end to discrimination against adherents of Aliran Kepercayaan—at least in the realm of population administration. Under the New Order era, political battles gave birth to the politics of law discriminating against the Aliran Kepercayaan adherents. Weakening political resistance in the Reformasi era as well as judicial review before the Constitutional Court forced the government to partially relax its discriminatory laws and policies. Nonetheless, progressive initiatives from secular nationalist parties have yet to be taken in order to further ensure equality for all minority—religious—groups within Indonesian society before the law.
Mid-IR cosmological spectrophotometric surveys from space: Measuring AGN and star formation at the cosmic noon with a SPICA-like mission
Authors: Spinoglio Luigi , Mordini Sabrina , Fernández-Ontiveros Juan Antonio , Alonso-Herrero Almudena , Armus Lee , Bisigello Laura , Calura Francesco , Carrera Francisco J. , Cooray Asantha , Dannerbauer Helmut , Decarli Roberto , Egami Eiichi , Elbaz David , Franceschini Alberto , González Alfonso Eduardo , Graziani Luca , Gruppioni Carlotta , Hatziminaoglou Evanthia , Kaneda Hidehiro , Kohno Kotaro , Labiano Álvaro , Magdis Georgios , Malkan Matthew A. , Matsuhara Hideo , Nagao Tohru , Naylor David , Pereira-Santaella Miguel , Pozzi Francesca , Rodighiero Giulia , Roelfsema Peter , Serjeant Stephen , Vignali Cristian , Wang Lingyu , Yamada Toru 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe use the SPace Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA) project as a template to demonstrate how deep spectrophotometric surveys covering large cosmological volumes over extended fields (1–$15\, \rm{deg^2}$) with a mid-IR imaging spectrometer (17–$36\, \rm{\rm{\upmu m}}$) in conjunction with deep$70\, \rm{\rm{\upmu m}}$photometry with a far-IR camera, at wavelengths which are not affected by dust extinction can answer the most crucial questions in current galaxy evolution studies. A SPICA-like mission will be able for the first time to provide an unobscured three-dimensional (3D, i.e.x,y, and redshiftz) view of galaxy evolution back to an age of the universe of less than$\sim$2 Gyrs, in the mid-IR rest frame. This survey strategy will produce a full census of the Star Formation Rate (SFR) in the universe, using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) bands and fine-structure ionic lines, reaching the characteristic knee of the galaxy luminosity function, where the bulk of the population is distributed, at any redshift up to$z \sim 3.5$. Deep follow-up pointed spectroscopic observations with grating spectrometers onboard the satellite, across the full IR spectral range (17–$210\, \rm{\rm{\upmu m}}$), would simultaneously measure Black Hole Accretion Rate (BHAR), from high-ionisation fine-structure lines, and SFR, from PAH and low- to mid-ionisation lines in thousands of galaxies from solar to low metallicities, down to the knee of their luminosity functions. The analysis of the resulting atlas of IR spectra will reveal the physical processes at play in evolving galaxies across cosmic time, especially its heavily dust-embedded phase during theactivity peakat the cosmic noon ($z \sim 1$–3), through IR emission lines and features that are insensitive to the dust obscuration.
The South African Redistribution Imperative: Incongruities in Theory and Practice
Authors: Viljoen Sue-Mari 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIt has partly been assumed that the constitutional obligation to pay compensation for expropriations is to blame for the slow pace at which land has been redistributed in South Africa. However, this assumption requires careful analysis and reflection, with reference to the imperfections of the policies and laws that set out to address landlessness, as well as the underlying theoretical approach to economic justice. This article questions the purpose for which land reform beneficiaries acquire land, with reference to the role that property should ideally fulfil for the landless. The article makes a number of observations to cast light on why the redistribution of land has been alarmingly slow, where inconsistencies and loopholes exist in the programme, and whether expropriations for nil compensation will make any difference in remedying existing failures in the redistribution programme.
Epidemiological analysis of 3,219 COVID-19 outbreaks in the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Authors: Dressler Aparna , Finci Iris , Wagner-Wiening Christiane , Eichner Martin , Brockmann Stefan O 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has emerged as an unprecedented global crisis challenging health systems. This paper aims to assess and characterise SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg to identify groups at greatest risk, to establish early measures to curb transmission. We analysed all mandatory notified (i.e. laboratory-confirmed) coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreaks with more than two cases in Baden-Wuerttemberg from calendar weeks 18–49 (from 27 April to 6 December 2020). We used the following classification for settings: asylum and refugee accommodation, care homes, care facilities, day care child centres, hobby-related, hospitality, hospitals, households, other, residence halls, schools, supported housing, training schools, transportation, treatment facilities and workplace (occupational). We used R program version 3.6.3 for analysis. In our analysis, 3219 outbreaks with 22 238 individuals were included. About 48% were in household and hobby-related settings. Care homes accounted for 9.5% of outbreaks and 21.6% of cases. The median age across all settings was 43 (interquartile range (IQR) 24–63). The median age of cases in care homes was 81 (IQR 56–88). Of all reported cases in care homes, 72.1% were women. Over 30% (466/1511) of hospitalisations were among cases in care homes compared to 17.7% (268/1511) in households. Overall, 70% (500/715) of all deceased persons in outbreaks in the study period were in care homes compared to 4.2% in household settings (30/715). We observed an exponential increase in the number of notified outbreaks starting around the 41st week with N = 291 outbreaks reported in week 49. The median number of cases in outbreaks in care homes and care facilities after the 40th week was 14 (IQR 5–29) and 11 (IQR 5–20), respectively, compared to 3 (IQR 3–5) in households. We observed an increase in hospitalisations, and mortality associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in care homes after the 40th week. We found the care home demographic to be at greatest risk after the 40th week, based on the exponential increase in outbreaks, the number of cases, hospitalisations and mortality trends. Our analysis highlights the necessity of targeted, setting-specific approaches to control transmission in this vulnerable population. Regular screening of staff members and visitors' using rapid antigen point-of-care-tests could be a game-changer in curbing transmission in this setting.
Behavioural intention of receiving COVID-19 vaccination, social media exposures and peer discussions in China
Authors: Luo Sitong , Xin Meiqi , Wang Suhua , Zhao Junfeng , Zhang Guohua , Li Lijuan , Li Liping , Tak-fai Lau Joseph 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The study aimed to investigate behavioural intentions to receive free and self-paid COVID-19 vaccinations (BICV-F and BICV-SP) among Chinese university students if the vaccine was 80% effective with rare mild side effects, to examine their associations with social media exposures and peer discussions regarding COVID-19 vaccination, and to explore the mediational role of perceived information sufficiency about COVID-19 vaccination. An online anonymous survey (N = 6922) was conducted in November 2020 in five Chinese provinces. Logistic regression and path analysis were adopted. The prevalence of BICV-F and BICV-SP were 78.1% and 57.7%. BICV-F was positively associated with the frequencies of passive social media exposure (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.32, P < 0.001), active social media interaction (AOR = 1.13, P < 0.001) and peer discussions (AOR = 1.17, P < 0.001). Indirect effects of the three factors on BICV-F via perceived information sufficiency were all significant (P < 0.001). The direct effect of active social media interaction on BICV-F was significantly negative (P < 0.001). Similar associations/mediations were observed for BICV-SP. The COVID-19 vaccination intention of Chinese university students needs improvement. Boosting social media exposures and peer discussions may raise students' perceived information sufficiency and subsequently increase their vaccination intention. Considering the potential negative effect of active social media interaction, caution is needed when using social media to promote COVID-19 vaccination.
Severe scoliosis and percutaneous atrial septal defect closure, a word of caution
Authors: Castaldi Biagio , Sirico Domenico , Di Salvo Giovanni 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the presence of complex septal morphology or extra-cardiac factors like severe scoliosis or diaphragm paralysis, the procedure may become more challenging, and pre-formed sheaths and devices thought to facilitate the implantation might turn into a problem to address. Similarly to Herron and Kobayashi, we have experienced a similar issue during atrial septal defect closure with Gore Cardioform atrial septal defect device® in a 12-year-old female patient with severe scoliosis. After the conformation of the locking loop and the removal of the safety cord, the Gore Cardioform atrial septal defect device prolapsed in the right atrium.
Behavioral measures of impulsivity and compulsivity in adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury
Authors: Lutz Nina M. , Chamberlain Samuel R. , Goodyer Ian M. , Bhardwaj Anupam , Sahakian Barbara J. , Jones Peter B. , Wilkinson Paul O. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundNonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent among adolescents and research is needed to clarify the mechanisms which contribute to the behavior. Here, the authors relate behavioral neurocognitive measures of impulsivity and compulsivity to repetitive and sporadic NSSI in a community sample of adolescents.MethodsComputerized laboratory tasks (Affective Go/No-Go, Cambridge Gambling Task, and Probabilistic Reversal Task) were used to evaluate cognitive performance. Participants were adolescents aged 15 to 17 with (n = 50) and without (n = 190) NSSI history, sampled from the ROOTS project which recruited adolescents from secondary schools in Cambridgeshire, UK. NSSI was categorized as sporadic (1-3 instances per year) or repetitive (4 or more instances per year). Analyses were carried out in a series of linear and negative binomial regressions, controlling for age, gender, intelligence, and recent depressive symptoms.ResultsAdolescents with lifetime NSSI, and repetitive NSSI specifically, made significantly more perseverative errors on the Probabilistic Reversal Task and exhibited significantly lower quality of decision making on the Cambridge Gambling Task compared to no-NSSI controls. Those with sporadic NSSI did not significantly differ from no-NSSI controls on task performance. NSSI was not associated with behavioral measures of impulsivity.ConclusionsRepetitive NSSI is associated with increased behavioral compulsivity and disadvantageous decision making, but not with behavioral impulsivity. Future research should continue to investigate how neurocognitive phenotypes contribute to the onset and maintenance of NSSI, and determine whether compulsivity and addictive features of NSSI are potential targets for treatment.