bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recommendations to Plan a National Burden of Disease Study
Authors: Haneef Romana , Schmidt Jürgen , Gallay Anne , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Grant Ian , Rommel Alexander , Wyper Grant MA , Oyen Herman Van , Hilderink Henk , Ziese Thomas , Newton John 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The InfAct (Information for Action) project is a European Commission Joint Action on Health Information which has promoted the potential role of burden of disease (BoD) approaches to improve the current European-Health Information System (EU-HIS). It has done so by raising awareness of the concept, the methods used to calculate estimates and their potential implications and uses in policymaking. The BoD approach is a systematic and scientific effort to quantify and compare the magnitude of health loss due to different diseases, injuries, and risk factors with estimates produced by demographic characteristics and geographies for specific points in time. Not all countries have the resources to undertake such work, and may therefore start with a more restricted objective, e.g., a limited number of diseases, or the use of simple measures of population health such as disease prevalence or life expectancy. The main objective to develop these recommendations was to facilitate those countries planning to start a national burden of disease study. Results: These recommendations could be considered as minimum requirements for those countries planning to start a BoD study and includes following elements: 1. Define the objectives of a burden of disease study within the context of your country, 2. Identify, communicate and secure the benefits of performing national burden of disease studies, 3. Secure access to the minimum required data sources, 4. Ensure the minimum required capacity and capability is available to carry out burden of disease study, 5. Establish a clear governance structure for the burden of disease study and stakeholder engagement/involvement, and 6. Choose the appropriate methodological approaches. These were guided by the results from our survey performed to identify the needs of European countries for BoD studies, a narrative overview from four European countries (Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands and Scotland) and the summary of a comparative study of country health profiles with national health statistics. Conclusions: These recommendations as minimum requirements would facilitate efforts by those European countries who intend to perform national BoD studies.
Brief Report: An Evolutionary Basis to Cancer Growth
Authors: Fini Mehdi , Gaucher Eric , Boutwell Brian , Nakagawa Takahiko , Wright Richard , Sanchez-Lozada Laura , Andrews Peter , Stenmark Kurt , Johnson Richard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background. Recently we have reviewed the evidence that excessive intake of fructose, present in added sugars, may be a unique nutrient that stimulates tumor growth while also causing obesity and metabolic syndrome, thereby providing one of the reasons why obesity is associated with increased risk for various cancers. Prior studies have suggested that one of the reasons fructose increases the risk for cancer may be due in part to its metabolite uric acid, and both a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study confirm uric acid is a risk factor. Here we suggest that a mutation in uric acid metabolism may have provided survival advantage to our ancestors but ironically increase our risk for cancer today.Methods. Ancestral humans lost the gene uricase during the mid-Miocene where it led to higher uric acid levels that facilitated the effects of fructose to stimulate fat accumulation. Here we tested whether a loss of uricase would also facilitate tumor growth. Experiments were performed in mice in which uricase was inactivated by either knocking out the gene or by inhibiting uricase with oxonic acid. We also studied mice transgenic for uricase. These mice were injected with breast cancer cells and followed for 4 weeks.Results. The inhibition or knockout of uricase was associated with a remarkable increase in tumor growth and metastases. In contrast, transgenic uricase mice showed reduced tumor growth.Conclusion. A loss of uricase increases the risk for tumor growth. Prior studies have shown that the loss of the mutation facilitated the ability of fructose to increase fat which provided a survival advantage for our ancestors that came close to extinction from starvation in the mid Miocene. Today, however, excessive fructose intake is rampant and increasing our risk not only for obesity and metabolic syndrome, but also cancer. Obesity-associated cancer may be due, in part, to a mutation 15 million years ago that acted as a thrifty gene.
Predictors of Extubation Failure In Thymomatous Myasthenia Gravis Patient After Thymectomy: Ten Years of Data From A Tertiary Teaching Hospital In Mainland China
Authors: Du Anqi , Li Xiao , An Youzhong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Thymectomy was consider to be the first line therapy for Patients with thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis(T-MG). But weaning is still a big challenge for MG patents, especially after surgery. The ideal time for extubation and the risk factors of extubation failure is uncertain. This study was to investigate the risk factors of extubation failure in T-MG patients after thymectomy.Methods: Retrospective review of consecutive T-MG patients admitted in intensive care unit after thymectomy and need mechanical ventilation at least 6h between January 2010 and December 2019. Weaning was according to a unified process. Extubation failure was defined as need for reintubation within 48h after extubation or death during ventilation. Univariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of extubation failure.Results: 38 patients were included. 13 patients (34.2%) were extubation failure and with longer ventilation duration (153 vs. 29 h, p < 0.05) and hospital stay (26 vs. 13 days, p < 0.05). Univariate regression shows the ratio of transsternal thymectomy, the incident of never or diaphragm injury during the surgery or the PTMC, atelectasis, pneumonia during ventilation (p<0.05). Furthermore, even passed SBT, a higher HR, RR and lower SpO2 also indicate high risk of exutbation failure(p<0.05).Conclusions: Extubation failure is relatively common in T-MG patients after thymectomy. Minimizing surgical trauma may contributes to successful extubation. But the incidence of PTMC or pulmonary compliances during ventilation was associate with high risk of extubation failure. A higher HR, RR and lower SpO2 after SBT and also can be a reliable indicator.
eDOTS: a new system applied for improving the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients from Kashgar villages and Urumqi streets in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Guo Gang , Sun Li , Wushoue Qimanguli , Jia Bin , Yusufu Muladier , Wen Shu , Abudureyimu Tuerhong , Peng Xiaowang , Liu ZhenJiang , Mamuti Xirizat , Chen Yanggui , Zhang Jian , Yang Yuling , Huangfu Liusheng , Li Jun , Zhang Wenbao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Although the direct observed treatment strategy (DOTS) has been used for the control of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for more than 30 years, the disease is still highly endemic in the region. To increase PTB treatment ability and control efficacy, we developed a new electronic DOTS (eDOTS) system for reminding, monitoring and educating PTB patients taking antibiotics.Methods: A total 167 cases with active PTB from Kashgar villages and Urumqi streets in Xinjiang were involved in the study referring to the criteria published by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China. All the participants in Kashgar or Urumqi were randomly assigned into eDOTS group or DOTS group. Among them, 81 patients were from Kashgar villages with 43 patients using eDOTS system and 38 patients with traditional DOTS as control. Eighty six patients were from Urumqi streets with 50 patients using eDOTS and 36 patients using DOTS. T test and ANOVA were used to compare the image scores and treatment compliance rates before and after treatment of these patients between groups.Findings: PTB patients from villages in Kashgar treated with DOTS showed only 27.9% the patients took TB antibiotics regularly. However, with help of village and hospital doctors through the eDOTS system, the medical compliance was increased to 77.2%. The treatment compliance of patients from township (100%) using eDOTS was significantly higher than that of those patients from the rural villages (48.8%) in the first 6 weeks (t=-32.781, p<0.001). The comparison of lung X-ray(DR) scores showed that the patients using eDOTS either from the villages or from township had significantly lower scores than these patients using DOTS by 1.81 points，95% CI (0.72-2.90) and 1.05 points, 95% CI (0.15-1.95) respectively after 25 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: eDOTS is an effective means for treating TB patients through daily reminding and monitoring TB patients taking antibiotics. Easy contact link with doctors and special education programs for encouraging patients finishing their treatment course can increase the treatment compliance, which is more conducive to improving the control efficacy of TB in remote and poor areas.
Clinical characteristics and survival of patients concurrently diagnosed with lung cancer and active pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Lee Hwa Young , Heo Jung Won , Kang Hye Seon , Kang Ji Young , Kim Jin Woo , Lee Sang Haak , Kim Seung Joon , Yeo Chang Dong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) occasionally coexists with lung cancer. However, the clinical and radiologic characteristics of this cooccurrence have not been fully evaluated.
Methods

Patients diagnosed with lung cancer and active pulmonary TB from January 2009 to December 2017 in four hospitals of the Catholic University of Korea were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical characteristics, including the TB diagnosis methods, lung cancer pathology, staging, initial radiographic features, and survival were analyzed and compared to 575 lung cancer patients without active pulmonary TB from the same hospitals.
Results

Forty-eight (0.48%) of the 9,936 lung cancer patients had active pulmonary TB confirmed by positive culture results or polymerase chain reaction analysis for M. tuberculosis at the time of the initial cancer diagnosis. The majority of the patients (95.9%) had non-small cell lung cancer and 56.2% of the lung cancers were located in the both upper lobes. In the initial computed tomography, the most frequent findings were a mass-like lesion (79.2%) and separate nodules (75%). When compared to lung cancer patients without TB, the body mass index (BMI) was lower (21.4 vs. 23.1, P = 0.001) in patients with TB. Moreover, the lung cancer patients with TB had advanced clinical stages compared to patients without TB; T3-4 (70.9% vs. 50.6%, P = 0.002), N2-3 (85.2% vs. 55.6%, P < 0.001); M1 (65.9% vs. 44.5%, P = 0.007). Patients' age, histology, location, and the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations were not statistically different between the two groups. Interestingly, lung cancer with TB was associated with lower mortality (hazard ratio = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.2 1– 0.60).
Conclusions

Rarely diagnosed concurrent active tuberculosis in lung cancer patients was associated with lower BMI and advanced clinical stages. Active investigation of and treatment for active pulmonary TB in lung cancer patients could improve patient outcomes.
Extending resolution of structured illumination microscopy with sparse deconvolution
Authors: Zhao Weisong , Zhao Shiqun , Li Liuju , Huang Xiaoshuai , Xing Shijia , Zhang Yulin , Qiu Guohua , Han Zhenqian , Shang Yingxu , Sun De-en , Shan Chunyan , Wu Runlong , Zhang Shuwen , Chen Riwang , Xiao Jian , Mo Yanquan , Wang Jianyong , Ji Wi , Chen Xing , Ding Baoquan , Liu Yanmei , Mao Heng , Song Baoliang , Tan Jiubin , Liu Jian , Li Haoyu , Chen Liangyi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The spatial resolutions of live-cell super-resolution microscopes are limited by the maximum collected photon flux. Taking advantage of a priori knowledge of the sparsity and continuity of biological structures, we develop a deconvolution algorithm that further extends the resolution of super-resolution microscopes under the same photon budgets by nearly twofold. As a result, sparse structured illumination microscopy (Sparse-SIM) achieves ~60 nm resolution at a 564 Hz frame rate, allowing it to resolve intricate structural intermediates, including small vesicular fusion pores, ring-shaped nuclear pores formed by different nucleoporins, and relative movements between the inner and outer membranes of mitochondria in live cells. Likewise, sparse deconvolution can be used to increase the three-dimensional resolution and contrast of spinning-disc confocal-based SIM (SD-SIM), and operates under conditions with the insufficient signal-to-noise-ratio, all of which allows routine four-color, three-dimensional, ~90 nm resolution live-cell super-resolution imaging. Overall, sparse deconvolution may be a general tool to push the spatiotemporal resolution limits of live-cell fluorescence microscopy.
Conditioned medium from the stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth ameliorates neuropathic pain in a partial sciatic nerve ligation model
Authors: Liu Yao , Kano Fumiya , Hashimoto Noboru , Xia Linze , Hibi Hideharu , Iwamoto Tsutomu , Matsuka Yoshizo , Tanaka Eiji , Yamamoto Akihito 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAlthough recent studies have revealed the powerful antinociceptive effect of human dental pulp stem cells in an animal model for diabetes and osteoarthritis, its analgesic mechanisms are still largely elusive. We have previously reported that conditioned medium (CM) from dental pulp stem cells of deciduous teeth (SHED-CM) or its components, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and the secreted ectodomain of sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin-9 (sSiglec-9), directly induces anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, however the antinociceptive activity of induced M2 is unknown. In this study, we investigated the antinociceptive effect of SHED-CM, MCP-1, and sSiglec-9 or secretome from M2-induced by SHED-CM (M2-CM) against neuropathic pain (NP) using a partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL) mouse model and analyzed the mechanical bases of their antinociceptive effects. MethodsPSL mice were treated using SHED-CM with or without mannosylated-Clodrosome, specifically depleting M2 macrophages, recombinant MCP-1 and sSiglec-9 protein, M2-CM, or fibroblast-CM. Human Schwann cells activated by TNF-α in vitro were treated with M2-CM. The expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, neuroprotective factors, the nociceptive receptor, and markers for M1, M2, and activated glial cells in injured sciatic nerve (SCN), dorsal root ganglion, or spinal cord were evaluated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Mechanical allodynia of PSL mice was analyzed via von Frey test. ResultsIn the behavioral test, intravenous administration of SHED-CM greatly improved the PSL-induced hypersensitivity. SHED-CM treatment recruited M2 macrophages in the injured SCN and ipsilateral L4/L5 dorsal root ganglion and suppressed microglial activation in the spinal cord. Speciﬁc depletion of the M2 by mannosylated-Clodrosome markedly reduced the antinociceptive effect of SHED-CM. Intravenous administration of both MCP-1/sSiglec-9 and M2-CM ameliorated the PSL-induced hypersensitivity. We found that M2-CM directly suppressed the expression of nociceptive receptors as well as proinflammatory mediators in Schwann cells. ConclusionTaken together, our data suggest that SHED-CM ameliorates NP through the induction of the analgesic anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Thus, SHED-CM may present as a potential novel therapeutic candidate for NP.
CASP5 and CR1 as Potential Biomarkers for Kawasaki Disease: An Integrated Bioinformatics-Experimental Study
Authors: Rahmati Yazdan , Mollanoori Hasan , Najafi Sajad , Esmaeili Sajad , Alivand Mohammad-Reza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a pediatric inflammatory disorder causes coronary artery complications. The disease overlapping manifestations with a set of symptomatically like diseases such as bacterial and viral infections, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, infection of unknown etiology, group-A streptococcal and adenoviral infections, and incomplete KD could lead to misdiagnosis of the disease. In the present study, we applied weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify network modules of co-expressed genes in GSE73464 and also, limma package was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in KD expression arrays composed of GSE73464, GSE18606, GSE109351, and GSE68004. By merging the results of WGCNA and limma, we detected hub genes. Then, analyzed the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 16 patients and 8 control subjects using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) to evaluate the previous results. We assessed the diagnostic potency of the screened genes by plotting the area under curve (AUC). We finally identified 2 genes CASP5 and CR1 which were shown to potentially discriminate KD from other similar diseases and also from healthy people. The results of RT-PCR and AUC confirmed the diagnostic potentials of two suggested biomarkers for KD.
Exploring the Contexts, Mechanisms and Outcomes of a Dental Anxiety Service in Norway: A Realist Evaluation
Authors: Bryne Emilie , Hean Sarah Catherine Patricia Duff , Evensen Kjersti Berge , Bull Vibeke Hervik 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Torture, abuse and dental phobia are often precursors to developing a pathological relationship with dental care due to elevated anxiety and the risk for re-traumatisation. Consequently, this patient group tends to avoid dental services, leaving them with severe tooth decay that affects both their general and psychosocial health. Norwegian dental services have implemented a specific dental service targeting this patient group, aiming to both alleviate their dental anxiety and restore their oral health. The outcomes of this service have been positive, but for this model to be transferrable to other national contexts, it is necessary not just to understand whether the service works, but also how and why it works. Therefore, this study developed theories on how the structure of the service alleviates dental anxiety and restores patients’ oral health. Although developed specifically in a Norwegian context, these theories may be applicable to other national and international contexts. Methods: This realist evaluation comprised sequential, multiple methods encompassing a review of service and policy documentation (n=12), followed by realist interviews with service developers and deliverers (n=12). Guided by a retroductive approach consisting of coding, cataloguing and configuring through content analyses and context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) heuristics, the analyses generated four programme theories.Results: First, the state-subsidised dental service affects service access and service uptake. Second, this service can be adapted and tailored to regional resources to meet the needs of the heterogenous patient group. Third, regional service teams are cohesive because of a lack of national communication and cooperative practice. Fourth, the complexity of migration processes and poor dissemination practices leads to poor recruitment of torture survivors to the service. Conclusions: The service follows a hybrid bottom-up, top-down approach, allowing teams to practise discretion and tailor their approach to meet individual needs. With its bi-dimensional structure, the service reaches a patient population that would otherwise avoid dental services. Service uptake is beneficial as patients report experiencing improved quality of life. However, the service is struggling to reach torture survivors, which may be attributable to multiple contextual factors. More research is therefore required to understand the lack of service uptake among torture survivors.
Effect of Hospital and Surgeon Volume on Hospital Costs for Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: HUA YECHU , Thirukumaran Caroline , Li Yue 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Higher hospital or surgeon volume is shown to be associated with better patient outcomes following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, little research exists on the relationship between hospital and surgeon volume and inpatient costs of TKA. To explore the volume-cost relationship for primary TKA and to determine whether both hospital volume and surgeon volume are independently associated with lower inpatient costs. Methods: Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) claims data from the New York State Department of Health were used to identify 102,386 adults who underwent primary TKA from 2013 to 2016. Surgeon volume was defined as the number of TKA cases a surgeon had operated during the previous 365 days of the current case. Hospital volume was defined in a similar way. Hospital and surgeon volumes were categorized as tertile groups. Generalized linear models adjusted for patient, hospital, surgeon, and market covariates.Main Outcome Measures: Inpatient cost calculated as total charges multiplied by cost-to-charge ratios (CCR) and adjusted for inflation.Results: Compared with patients operated by low-volume surgeons in low-volume hospitals, patients of high-volume surgeons in high-volume hospitals had significantly lower inpatient costs (adjusted cost savings = $3,384 per TKA case, 95% confidence interval $3,184 - $3,583, P < 0.001). The inverse volume-cost relationship tended to be stronger in more recent years.Conclusions: TKAs performed at hospitals and by surgeons with higher volumes had significantly lower inpatient costs, especially in more recent years. Regionalization of TKA to high-volume hospitals and surgeons may achieve both better patient outcomes and cost savings.
rTMS and Suicidality in Adulthood; An Exploratory Open-Labeled Neuromodulative Approach to Battle Suicide
Authors: Sharifi Farshad , Mahjouri Mohammad Yoosef , Palizban Fahimeh , Arzaghi Seyed Masoud 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Suicidal attempts are one of the most critical issues with a huge burden on family and health systems all around the world. To decrease the hazardous outcomes of this issue, mental health systems are trying to apply the most effective and safe interventions. In this regard, repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS ) as a non-invasive approach could be a proper treatment approach. We investigated the impact of rTMS method on the treatment of the patients with suicidal ideation. For this purpose, the application of rTMS when integrating with Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) data has been assessed.Methods: As an open-labeled study we enrolled 7 adult men who were recently rescued from suicidal attempts and referred to our psychiatric clinic for three consecutive months (2018). The severity of suicidal ideation was measured by the Beck Scale of Suicidal Ideation (SSI) and brain activity via Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA), administered at baseline and the end of the treatment course. Repetitive TMS was delivered to the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC) with a ﬁgure-eight solid core coil at 110% motor threshold, 10 Hertz (Hz) and 4 second (s) train duration, (3000 pulses) (total 12 sessions; 36,000 stimuli). Six sessions daily and six sessions within two weeks were scheduled.Results: According to the results of psychiatric re-interview, LORETA, and SSI scores of all patients revealed an impressive and statistically significant decrease in suicidal ideation. No side effects were seen during the treatment course.Conclusions: Scheduled three consecutive weeks rTMS course was significantly effective in remitting acute suicidal ideation in adult men regardless of psychiatric diagnosis. Larger double-blinded studies must be conducted to validate the clinical usage of this safe and non-invasive treatment approach in the area of psychiatry.