bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of NiSiO@NiAlFe by Hydrothermal method and removal of Cs+ in water
Authors: Hu Yuying , Pan Cheng , Zheng Xiaohuan , Liu Susu , Peng Xiaoming 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work, novel NiSiO@NiAlFe layered double hydroxides (LDHs) hollow spheres were prepared by hydrothermal method. It could be observed that the grafting of LDHs towards NiSiO hollow spheres could avoid the LDHs’ aggregation, and thus enhance the material’s adsorption capacity. Furthermore, The effect of pH on adsorption Cs, kinetics and isotherm models were studied. Results indicated that NiSiO@NiAlFe LDHs hollow spheres had sufficient adsorption capability towards Cs+. The adsorption kinetics satisfied the pseudo-second-order adsorption model, Temkin model and Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption process was efficient at the alkaline condition (pH=10). The adsorption kinetics indicated that the adsorption process could reach the equilibrium in only 20 minutes. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cs+ towards NiSiO@NiAlFe hollow spheres were estimated to be 61.5 mgg-1. Thus, NiSiO@NiAlFe hollow spheres presented a broad potential for treating cesium containing wastewater.
Study on the Sustainable Development Model of Industrial Heritage
Authors: Li Qijun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As crucial urban resources, industrial heritage occupies an important geographic location of the city, and it is generally of historical value, social value, technological or scientific value, economic value, and aesthetic value. The paper selected TESTBED2 as the case to study for it is the typical light industrial remains after the industrial revolution in Chongqing. This paper tried to discuss conservation of industrial heritage from multi-sensory marketing and Sustainable development. The paper evaluated the industrial heritage TESTBED2, and provided new methods for the reform of the industrial wasteland, and brought new landscape forms and looked forward to the model and tracks for the protection and reuse for the industrial industry, so as to realize the sustainable development of the industrial heritage.
Visibility Variation in Zhengzhou from 2008–2017
Authors: Zou Junchen , Lu Jinyu , Wang Yanling , Li Jianpeng , Liu Huiyuan , Wang Lin , Liu Xiuxiu , Ma Zhenqi , Xu Xueqiong , Liu Wensi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Visibility is closely related to air quality and is therefore a source of concern. Using data from the National Basic Weather Station (NBWS), this study measured visibility variation in Zhengzhou from 2008 to 2017. The effects of PM2.5 and meteorological parameters on visibility were also assessed. Results indicated that the mean annual visibility fluctuated between 8.07 km and 14.02 km, decreasing during the period from 2008 to 2013 and then increasing slightly after 2013. The seasonal mean visibility was 11.69 km in spring (the highest value), 11.37 km in summer, 9.42 km in autumn, and 8.98 km in winter (the lowest value). The mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 from 2015 to 2017 were 90.83 μg m-3, 79.89 μg m-3, and 66.69 μg m-3, respectively. These were 159.51%, 128.26%, and 90.54% higher than 35 μg m-3 of the second grade of China National Ambient Air Quality Standards (CNAAQS). Additionally, direct radiation, total radiation, temperature, and relative humidity were positively correlated with visibility, whereas PM2.5 mass concentration, scattered radiation, and wind velocity were negatively correlated with visibility. Further research is needed to analyse the effect of PM2.5 on visibility and the mechanism through which this occurs.
Research and Application of the technology of Forced Ventilation Diversion to Control and Reduce Dust in Comprehensive Excavation Face
Authors: Yang Junlei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In order to solve the problem of dust pollution in the comprehensive excavation face, the matching relationship between the long forced ventilation and the short dust removal sucking was grasped, and reasonable control dust removal process parameters were obtained. In this paper, the 3-1 coal return air roadway in Hongliulin Coal Mine is taken as the research object. By establishing the working face physical model and adopting the numerical simulation method, the different axial diameter outward air ratio is compared and analyzed. Combined with the field measurement, it is verified to obtain the optimal range of dust axial diameter outward air ratio. The application results show that a swirl air curtain is formed along the sidewall of the roadway after the adoption of the attached air duct, and a dust control air curtain pointing to the head is gradually formed after entering the section of the roadheader. When the axial diameter outward wind ratio is 1:2∼1:3, the breathing dust at the driver's position can be controlled within 17 mg/m3, and the dust removal efficiency can be increased to more than 93%, which greatly improves the working environment and ensures the occupational health and safety of workers.
Improvement of Sensitivity of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer
Authors: Wang Yifan , Liu Shuo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
CMUT (Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer) has a wild range of applications in medical detecting and imaging fields. However, operating under self-generating-self-receiving (SGSR) method usually results in poor sensitivity. But the sensitivity cannot be improved simply by increasing the resonant frequency since the frequency of a specific kind of CMUT is designed for specific usage. In this paper, based on one specific type of CMUT, a mechanical model is built and the simulation analysis is demonstrated. A brand-new method one-generating-multiple-receiving (OGMR) is introduced and a special circuit model has been designed to improve the signal to thermal noise ratio. By increasing the number of receiving capacitors from 1 to 8, we increased the signal-noise ratio to 2.83 times.
A preliminary analysis on mechanical characteristics of transmission conductors in the vicinity of suspension clamps
Authors: Zhao Guoliang , Rui Xiaoming 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Overhead transmission conductors are prone to wire strands breaking under the conditions of breeze vibration, and many broken strands occur in the vicinity of suspension clamps. In order to research the stress distribution characteristics of the conductor in the vicinity of suspension clamps, a relatively effective Finite Element (FE) model was proposed. Preliminary verification of model rationality through comparative analysis of theoretical calculation and simulation, and use this model to study the mechanical characteristics of the cross-section of the conductor in the key position of the conductor-clamp system. The research conclusions are as follows: a new concept of equivalent bending stiffness and equivalent diameter is proposed, which is used to calculate the alternating bending stress of conductors under breeze vibration conditions. The alternating bending stress of the wire strands follow the bending amplitude (Y
b) increases with increasing. Under the complex load, the Equivalent (Von-Mises) stress of the aluminum wire strands at the Last Point of Contact (LPC) of the conductor and the clamp shows a decreasing trend from the outside to the inside, and the maximum Von-Mises stress occurs at the contact position between the outermost wire strands and the clamp.
Study on Thermal Runaway Process of LiFePO4/C Batteries
Authors: Gao Fei , Fan Maosong , Wang Congjie , Liu Wei , Zhu Yanli 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The LiFePOVC battery has been widely used in many fields, and its safety problems are gradually attracting widespread concern. In this paper, two kinds of LiFePO4/C batteries with 25 Ah and 200 Ah were taken as research objects. The thermal runaway phenomena of two batteries were analyzed, and the difference of thermal runaway phenomena between two batteries were compared. The results show that the safety valve of the 200 Ah battery ruptures earlier and the thermal runaway occurs earlier under the same overcharge rate. The work provides a reference for the protection design of LiFePO4/C batteries.
Advances of numerical simulation research on the emulsion flow field of wet skin-pass mill
Authors: Qiao Haijun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Anti-rust agents are used as emulsion liquids to spray the roll gaps for wet skin-pass of cold-rolled steel strips. The wet-skin strip steel has a good shape, fewer surface defects, good anti-rust effect, higher strength, low roller consumption, and high work efficiency. Some research advances on the numerical simulation of the emulsion flow field in the wet skin-pass mill are discussed, including simplified two-dimensional nozzle models such as straight or convergent, high-pressure jets and conical converging nozzles to provide a theoretical reference for the numerical simulation of the emulsion flow field in the wet skin-pass mill.
Genomic exclusion and other micronuclear anomalies are common in genetically defective clones of tetrahymena thermophila.
Authors: Pitts R A , Doerder F P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Genomic exclusion (GE) is an abnormal form of conjugation which has previously been described in detail for three hypodiploid strains of Tetrahymena thermophila. These strains cannot form gametic nuclei and by failing to participate in normal reciprocal fertilization their genes are excluded from exconjugants. To determine whether GE is a general property of infertile strains, we surveyed genetically and cytogenetically 19 additional strains of T. thermophila to determine why they failed to contribute genes to sexual progeny. Crosses to genetically marked tester strains showed that seventeen of these strains undergo GE. In each case GE appears to be due to the failure of the defective partner to form functional gametic nuclei. The normal conjugant, however, contributes to its defective partner a haploid nucleus identical to its own, and following diploidization of the unfertilized nuclei, the conjugants separate retaining the old macronuclei. Cytofluorimetric measurement of micronuclear DNA content in 18 strains suggests that aneuploidy is the proximate cause of GE; eleven strains were hypodiploid, five were diploid and three were hyperdiploid. Many irregular cytogenetic events were observed in conjugants presumably not undergoing GE, including, in some instances, abnormal meiosis in the normal partner. Since genomic exclusion was found in both wildtype and mutant clones, the results suggest that it should be possible by appropriate crosses to identify genomic exclusion strains of any genotype.
Molecular evolution of the Escherichia coli chromosome. I. Analysis of structure and natural variation in a previously uncharacterized region between trp and tonB.
Authors: Stoltzfus A , Leslie J F , Milkman R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present the sequence of a 3500-bp region of the Escherichia coli strain K12 chromosome lying between the tryptophan operon and the tonB gene. Analysis of the sequence yields six open reading frames that have properties characteristic of genes for proteins. The reading frames are closely spaced, and putative transcription units and control sites compose over 95% of the DNA. The sequences of several wild strains of E. coli have been determined for a large segment of the region described. Comparison of these sequences reveals the effects of base substitutions, DNA rearrangements, and recombination. In the regions presumably expressed as polypeptides, most of the natural variation results from synonymous substitutions. However, the DNA rearrangements identified have end points within the open reading frames and disrupt them in a variety of ways. The effects of genetic recombination between strains, recently found to be significant on a large scale in E. coli, are also apparent in the region between trp and tonB.
The effect of sequence homozygosity on the frequency of X-chromosomal exchange in Drosophila melanogaster females.
Authors: Rutherford S L , Carpenter A T 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The repair of mismatched heteroduplex DNA has been implicated in the normal resolution of meiotic exchange events. Although sequence microheterogeneity over defined intervals of homologous chromosomes has been correlated with local effects on recombination, this correlation has not previously been extended to effects on chromosomal levels of exchange. In order to determine the role of microheterogeneity in normal exchange between homologs, a system was devised for monitoring exchange between isogenic X chromosomes. Lack of microheterogeneity did not significantly alter the frequency of exchange along the isogenic X chromosomes relative to controls or to previously reported values. There were, however, characteristic levels of exchange intrinsic to the cloned X chromosomes in each of the lines tested.
Genetic and molecular mapping of chromosome region 85A in Drosophila melanogaster.
Authors: Jones W K , Rawls J M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Chromosome region 85A contains at least 12 genetic complementation groups, including the genes dhod, pink and hunchback. In order to better understand the organization of this chromosomal segment and to permit molecular studies of these genes, we have carried out a genetic analysis coupled with a chromosome walk to isolate the DNA containing these genes. Complementation tests with chromosomal deficiencies permitted unambiguous ordering of most of the complementation groups identified within the 85A region. Recombinant bacteriophage clones were isolated that collectively span over 120 kb of 85A DNA and these were used to produce a molecular map of the region. The breakpoint sites of a number of 85A chromosome rearrangements were localized on the molecular map, thereby delimiting regions of the DNA that contain the various genetic complementation groups.
Rex-induced recombination implies bipolar organization of the ribosomal RNA genes of Drosophila melanogaster.
Authors: Robbins L G , Swanson E E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Rex-induced mitotic recombination was used to determine whether nucleolus organizers can pair in both inverted and noninverted orientations. Two target chromosomes, each duplicated for the rDNA region, were exposed to maternal Rex activity. Recombination in one orientation should yield deletion of the material between the two nucleolus organizers, recombination in the other orientation should yield inversion of the same material. Both products were recovered from both target chromosomes. The generality of using Rex-mediated recombination for analysis of the rDNA is considered.
IN SUPPORT OF THE TELOMERE CONCEPT
Authors: Roberts Paul A 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The frequency of recovered X-ray-induced (4000R) rearrangements that, in all probability, mimic terminal deletions of the X chromosome was only one of, roughly, 105 X chromosomes screened for tip deficiencies. Although the single exception looks terminally deleted, it is probably capped by a very short or nonpolytene telomeric segment. It is apparent from these data that the probability of "healing" or stabilization of a terminally deleted X in the zygotic nucleus or developing embryo of Drosophila melanogaster is vanishingly small. The telomeric caps in two obviously interstitial deficiencies that were recovered represent, roughly, 1/500 of the length of a mitotic chromosome. These findings give some indication of the extreme difficulty of detecting short telomeric segments capping either deleted polytene chromosomes or deleted metaphase chromosomes of, for example, humans.
DIRECT RESPONSE TO SELECTION FOR POSTWEANING GAIN IN THE RAT
Authors: Baker R L , Chapman A B , Wardell R T 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The effectiveness of selection for 3–9-week gain was examined in a population of rats with a history of past selection for high 3–9-week gain. Lines were selected for high (U line) and low (D line) 3–9-week gain with two replicates of each line. Two randomly selected lines were also kept, one originating from the same base population as the two selected lines (R line) and the other originating from a population that had been randomly mated for the previous 27 generations (C line). Two replicates of each of these lines were kept. After seven generations of selection, a randomly selected line (relaxed line) was formed from each of the two upward- and each of the two downward-selected lines. Results have been presented for 13 generations of selection. The environmental trend for 3–9-week gain, as indicated by the randomly selected R and C lines, was consistently negative in all four lines. Realized heritabilities calculated by deviating the response to selection from the trend in the R or C lines resulted in non-significantly higher values in the D lines than the U lines. Six generations of relaxation of selection indicated no effect of natural selection in the U lines or the D lines. The relative magnitude of the drift, error and common environmental variances were estimated by the methods given by Hill (1971). The estimates of these parameters then led to calculation of the degree of bias in the sampling variances of the realized heritability estimates. As was predicted by Hill (1971), estimates of the variance of realized heritabilities obtained by using standard regression techniques were less than those obtained using Hill's formulae. The results are discussed in relation to other similar studies with rats and mice.
CORRELATED RESPONSES TO SELECTION FOR POSTWEANING GAIN IN THE RAT
Authors: Baker R L , Chapman A B 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Evidence for correlated responses to selection was investigated in lines of rats selected for 13 generations for high (U line) and low (D line) 3–9-week gain in comparison with random-bred control lines (R and C lines). The increase in 3–9-week gain in the U lines was shown to be due largely to an increase in 9-week weight, although 3-week weight also increased in these lines. In the D lines, where a marked decrease in 3–9-week gain was observed, this was found to be due to a large decrease in 9-week weight and no detectable change in 3-week weight. The average 2-week litter weight, a measure of the lactational performance of the dam, was significantly greater in the U lines than in the D lines. Selection for 3–9-week gain in these lines of rats led to changes of litter size at birth in the same direction as that of selection. This resulted in a significantly higher litter size in the U lines than in the D lines. The number of rats alive at 2 and 9 weeks of age and the percentage of mated females pupping were similar in the U and D lines but lower in these lines than the random bred C lines, providing evidence for a reduction of "fitness" in the selected lines. Carcass composition was studied for all lines at the 11th generation of selection. Carcass composition, in terms of water, fat, ash and protein, was similar in the R and C lines. The U lines had more water and less fat than the R or C line. The D lines had similar carcass composition to the R and C lines. It is suggested that these selected and random-bred lines of rats are potentially useful animals to investigate further the developmental and physiological mechanisms which control growth.
DESIGNING ARTIFICIAL SELECTION EXPERIMENTS FOR SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
Authors: Bohren B B 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The observed genetic gain (∆P) from selection in a finite population is the possible expected genetic gain E(∆G) minus the difference in inbreeding depression effects in the selected and control lines. The inbreeding depression can be avoided by crossing the control and selected ♂ and ♀ parents to unrelated mates and summing the observed gains. The possible expected gain will be reduced by an amount D from the predicted gain because of the effects of the genetic limit and random genetic drift, the magnitude of which is a function of effective population size, N. The expected value of D is zero in unselected control populations and in the first generation for selected populations. Therefore, this source of bias can be reduced by increasing N in the selected populations and can be avoided by selecting for a single generation. To obtain observed responses which are unbiased estimates of the predicted response from which to estimate the realized heritability (or regression) in the zero generation, or to test genetic theory based on infinite population size, single-generation selection with many replications would be most efficient. To measure the "total" effect or genetic efficiency of a selection criterion or method, including the effect of different selection intensities, effective population sizes, and space requirements, more than one generation of selection is required to estimate the expected response in breeding values. The efficiency, in the sense of minimum variance, of estimating the expected breeding values at any generation t will decline as the number of generations t increases. The variance of either the estimated mean gain or the regression of gain on selection differential can be reduced more by increasing the number of replicates K than by increasing the number of generations t. Also the general pattern of the response over t can be estimated if the N's are known. Therefore, two- or not more than three-generation selection experiments with many replications would be most efficient.
ISOLATION AND STUDY OF MUTANTS LACKING A DEREPRESSIBLE PHOSPHATASE IN CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDI
Authors: Matagne R F , Loppes R 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardi, removal of inorganic phosphate from the culture medium results in the increase of phosphatase activity (derepression) in the wild-type (WT) strain as well as in a double mutant (P2Pa) lacking the two main constitutive acid phosphatases. Following treatment of WT and P2Pa with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), mutants were recovered which display very low phosphatase activities when grown in the absence of phosphate; as shown by electrophoresis, they lack one non-migrating phosphatase (PD mutants). This enzyme is active over a wide range of pH with an optimum at pH 7.5. The comparison of electropherograms from WT and mutants grown on media with or without phosphate allowed us to provide a tentative definition of the pool of derepressible phosphatases in Chlamydomonas : in addition to the neutral phosphatase lacking in PD mutants, Chlamydomonas produces two electrophoretic forms of alkaline phosphatase showing an optimal activity at pH 9.5.
THE GENETICS OF DROSOPHILA SUBOBSCURA POPULATIONS. V. A STUDY OF LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM IN NATURAL POPULATIONS BETWEEN GENES AND INVERSIONS OF THE E CHROMOSOME
Authors: Loukas M , Krimbas C B 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The genetics of Hk and Est-9 complex gene have been studied in Drosophila subobscura. While Hk alleles mendelize normally, Est-9 is a complex locus consisting of several very closely linked genes with active and silent alleles. Both genes are located on chromosome E; a detailed genetic map was constructed with the help of visible markers and inversions. Both Hk and Est-9 are included in or are very near to inversions of the E chromosome. While Hk does not show linkage disequilibrium either with Est-9 or inversions, Est-9 does show disequilibrium in two ways: both with inversions and between different Est-9 genes. All natural populations studied show the same kind of association between Est-9 gene combinations and inversions. It is argued that these results are better explained by selection than by neutrality.
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN GENETIC DOMINANCE OF THE COLOR MORPHS OF THE RED-BACKED SALAMANDER, PLETHODON CINEREUS
Authors: Highton Richard 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Female parent-offspring phenotypic data on color morph frequencies in the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus, were obtained from two Virginia localities (164 broods from Greene County and 97 broods from Giles County). The color morph data indicate that the striped morph is genetically dominant in Giles County and recessive in Greene County. It is suggested that epistatic interaction of two or more loci is responsible for the difference between the localities.