bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Autofluorescence in Whole Adult Worms of Schistosoma Japonicum for Immunofluorescence Assay
Authors: Wu Qunfeng , Feng Zheng , Hu Wei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Immunofluorescence assay is one of methods to understand the spatial biology by visualizing localization of biomolecules in cells and tissues. Autofluorescence, as a common phenomenon in organisms, is a background signal interfering the immunolocalization assay of schistosome biomolecules, and may lead to misinterpretation of the biomolecular function. However, applicable method for reducing the autofluorescence in Schistosoma remains unclear.
Methods

In order to find a suitable method for reducing autofluorescence of schistosomes, different chemical reagents, such as Sudan black B (SBB), trypan blue (TB), copper sulfate (CuSO4), Tris-glycine (Gly), and ammonia/ethanol (AE), at different concentrations and treatment time were tested, and SBB and CuSO4 were verified for the effect of blocking autofluorescence in immunofluorescence to localize the target with anti-SjCRT antibody.
Results

By comparing the autofluorescence characteristics of different conditions, it was found that SBB, TB and CuSO4 had a certain degree of reducing autofluorescence effect, and the best effect in females was using 50 mM CuSO4 for 6 h and in males was 0.5% SBB for 6 h. Furthermore, we have applied the optimized conditions to the immunofluorescence of SjCRT protein, and the results revealed that the immunofluorescence signal of SjCRT was clearly visible without autofluorescence interference.
Conclusions

We present an effective method to reduce autofluorescence in male and female worm of Schistosoma japonicum for immunofluorescence assay, which could be helpful to better understand biomolecular functions. Our method provides an idea for immunofluorescence assay in other flukes with autofluoresence.
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis in COVID-19 Associated Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis: A Retrospective Audit in the First Wave of the Pandemic
Authors: Chowdhary Stuti , Alexander Arun , Ganesan Sivaraman , Raj Joe Vimal , Chakkalakkoombil Sunitha Vellathussery , Lakshmanan Jijitha , Paramasivam Sabharisan , Raja Kalaiarasi , Penubarthi Lokesh Kumar , Saxena Sunil Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a complication of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis. The COVID-19 pandemic saw a rapid surge in the cases of acute fungal sinusitis, many of whom also had CST, further contributing to the ophthalmoplegia. This study was a retrospective audit of patients with mucormycosis treated during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods This study was conducted at a tertiary referral centre, and patients with rhino-orbital mucormycosis were included. Relevant laboratory investigations and CT scans of the paranasal sinuses and the cavernous sinus were analysed. Mortality at discharge was calculated.Results 61 cases of invasive mucormycosis were seen, of whom 20 were COVID-19 positive, and 21 had radiological evidence of CST. All patients in the study initially presented with clinical suspicion of mucormycosis, and COVID-19 was diagnosed during pre-admission investigations. 93% of patients had diabetes. A majority of patients received Amphotericin B and surgical debridement. The sphenoid sinus was involved in 32(52%) patients and the orbit in 34(56%). Factors affecting CST, such as platelet counts, were studied. Fifteen (25%) patients succumbed during their treatment.Conclusions 34.4% of patients with mucormycosis developed CST. Being COVID-19 positive led to an increase in mortality; however, there was no significant increase in death due to simultaneous COVID-19 and CST. Sinus involvement was not significant for the development of CST.
Specific Learning Disorders and Eating Disorders: an Italian Retrospective Comparative Study.
Authors: Aruta Salvatore Ferdinando , Pruccoli Jacopo , Bandini Nicole , Parmeggiani Antonia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Although Eating Disorders (ED) patients show dysfunctional behaviour in information processing, visual and verbal memory performance, and different cognitive fields, regardless of their BMI, the literature on the correlations between ED and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD) does not provide conclusive data. Scientific data on ED and SLD are even more limited. Rather than a consequence of the mental disorder, cognitive dysfunctions may be a risk factor for ED.Methods: Our retrospective comparative study investigates the prevalence of Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) among patients with ED. We considered 262 patients under the care of the Emilia Romagna Feeding and Eating Disorders Outpatient Service in Bologna, Italy. We compared the results with the Italian reference values, according to the most recent data provided by the Italian Ministry of Education.Results: We found that 25 patients out of 262 (9.54%) presented a comorbid diagnosis of SLD. This SLD prevalence is higher than the Italian reference values (4.9% in the school year 2018/19). Comorbid diagnosis with SLD was significantly more frequent in males. A diagnosis of SLD was not associated with a higher frequency of any specific ED diagnosis or with psychiatric comorbidity in general. A positive family history for SLD was not significantly associated with either a positive family history for ED or a diagnosis of SLD. Conclusions: This is the first Italian study that investigates the prevalence of SLD in ED patients during childhood and adolescence. Our data support previous research documenting that neuropsychological deficit could lead to the development of ED.
SMC4 Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Wang Hongzhen , Ma Liang , Sun Yao , Yang Yang , Liu Haifeng , Yang Dawei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Structural maintenance of chromosomes 4 (SMC4) is one of the SMC family members, which was located in 3q25.33 and involved in chromosome enrichment and separation, DNA recombination and repair, has been implicated in the promotion of cancers proliferation and metastasis. However, the possible role of SMC4 in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) metastasis and EMT progression remained unclear. Methods: The expression of SMC4 in COAD tissues was screened by bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemical assay. si-RNA-mediated transfection was performed in COAD cells. The proliferation viability was measured using MTT, colony formation and EdU assays. SMC4-induced autophagy occurred was explored by AO staining, autophagy-related markers were detected by Western blots and Immunofluorescence staining. The migration ability was determined using wound healing and Transwell assay. The expression of EMT markers and transcriptional factors were detected using western blot assays.Results: We found that SMC4 was upregulated in COAD tissues, and its overexpression was linked with COAD patients’ aggressive tumor characteristics. Furthermore, prognostic analysis shown that COAD patients with high SMC4 expression had a remarkably shorter survival and acted as an important factor for predicting poor overall survival in GC patients. Moreover, SMC4 depletion inhibited COAD cells proliferation and migration through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression. Taken together, we proposed that SMC4 involved in COAD progression and might be a valid prognostic marker.Conclusions: We proposed that SMC4 involved in COAD progression and might be a valid prognostic marker.
A simultaneous feature selection and compositional association test for detecting sparse associations in high-dimensional metagenomic data
Authors: Hinton Andrew , Mucha Peter J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Numerous metagenomic studies aim to discover associations between the microbial composition of an environment (e.g. Gut, Skin, Oral) and a phenotype of interest. Multivariate analysis (MVA) is often performed in these studies without critical a priori knowledge of which taxa are associated with the phenotype being studied. Consequently, non-parametric MVA methods are applied directly to all taxa surveyed independent of noise. This approach typically reduces statistical power in settings where true associations among only a few taxa are obscured by high dimensionality (i.e. sparse association signals). At the same time, the inclusion of all taxa can confound the extraction of key biological insights. Further, low sample size and compositional sample space constraints exist in these data whereby beyond-study generalizability may be reduced if not properly accounted for. More powerful association tests that are interpretable and directly account for compositional constraints while detecting sparse association signals are needed.Methods: We developed Selection-Energy-Permutation (SelEnergyPerm), a non-parametric group association test with embedded feature selection. SelEnergyPerm directly accounts for compositional constraints by selecting parsimonious log ratio signatures from the set of all pairwise log ratios (PLR) between features (OTUs, taxa, etc.). To do this, network methods are used to rank, select, and maximize the between-group association of a candidate log ratio subset. This process is then repeated with an appropriate permutation testing design to simultaneously determine the significance of the selected signatures and association.Results: Simulation results show SelEnergyPerm selects small independent sets of log ratios that capture strong associations in a range of scenarios with small and large dimensional feature spaces. Additionally, our simulation results demonstrate SelEnergyPerm consistently detects/rejects associations in synthetic data with sparse, dense, or no association signals. We demonstrate the novel benefits of our method in four case studies utilizing publicly available 16S rRNA and whole-genome sequencing datasets.Conclusions: Tools to analyze complex high-dimensional metagenomic datasets with sparse association signals using robust PLR have not been sufficiently developed previously. We propose SelEnergyPerm, a novel framework for the discovery of phenotype-associated, metagenomic log ratio signatures for characterizing and understanding alterations in microbial community structure. SelEnergyPerm is implemented in R, available at https://github.com/andrew84830813/selEnergyPermR.
Exploring Technically Feasible and Economically Viable Hybrid Renewable Energy Solution for Off-Grid Electricity Supply Titl
Authors: Eseosa Omorogiuwa , Thompson Ekiyor Martin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Solar energy as one of the many sources of renewable energy-based off-grid electricity supply is traditionally considered as an expensive and unreliable source of power. But as technology improves over the years, renewable energy sources are beginning to take the stage of modern energy divide. Based on the limited generation and distribution companies (GENCOs and DISCOs) grid electricity supply in Nigeria, it becomes pertinent to complement available grid power with renewable sources. The purpose of this study is to propose the best hybrid technology combination for electricity generation to reliably satisfy the electrical needs of an off-grid remote village, Ofubu, New Patani in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Solar PV systems and diesel generator are considered. The study estimates the day-to-day load demand Using HOMER software. Identification of the optimal off-grid option and comparison with conventional grid extension was carried out. The results obtained shows that hybrid combination of an PV-diesel is an effective alternative for an off-grid rural location and it is sustainable, techno-economically viable and environmentally friendly most especially considering the concept of green and clean energy source. The study also discussed issues that are likely to influence the realization of the optimal solution.
Technical Introduction of Wireless Mesh Network
Authors: Luo Yana , Luo Yana , Wang Jian , Wang Jian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the process of evolution to the next generation network, wireless is an indispensable technology. Because of its Multi-Hop characteristics, the application value of Wireless Mesh Network in the next generation Internet has been proved. Because of Mesh peer-to-peer network topology, if a node fails, it will not affect the operation of the whole network, and can effectively avoid single point of failure. As a solution to provide high-speed internet services, Wireless Mesh Network can provide network access for mobile users in its coverage area, and it has evolved into an effective solution for broadband home networks, community networks, enterprise networks and other wireless access networks.
Gerenciamento tributário: análise da influência sobre o custo do capital próprio das empresas brasileiras
Authors: Belisa Marques de Freitas Hana , Scartaty Moreira Caritsa , Raquel Pereira da Silva Annandy , Carlos Soares do Nascimento Ítalo , Calyo Varela de Melo Geison 
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: O presente estudo buscou investigar se o gerenciamento tributário influencia no custo de capital próprio das empresas brasileiras listadas no Brasil, Bolsa e Balcão (B3) no período de 2014 a 2018.
Metodologia: O estudo compreendeu a análise da proxie Book-Tax Differences (BTD) como ferramenta de identificação do gerenciamento tributário, como sugerido no trabalho de Moreira e Silva (2019), bem como as variáveis de controle, que são o retorno sobre o patrimônio líquido (ROE), valor de mercado (QTOBIN), tamanho da companhia (LNAT) e alavancagem financeira da empresa (ALV). Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se o banco de dados da Bloomberg® e o Formulário de Referência disponível no sítio eletrônico do B3. Para tanto, utilizou-se da Regressão Linear Múltipla do tipo dados em painel balanceado, resultando em uma amostra final formada por 630 observações.
Resultados: Por meio da proxie BTD, referente à diferença entre lucro contábil e lucro tributário, e utilizado para capturar o gerenciamento tributário nessa pesquisa, não foi possível identificar qualquer relação com o custo de capital próprio. Assim, para fins dessa pesquisa, a adequação teórica e os modelos estatísticos utilizados não evidenciaram que boas práticas de gerenciamento tributário tenham efeito positivo ou negativo no custo de capital próprio.
Contribuições do Estudo: Observa-se que os estudos brasileiros não analisaram o efeito do gerenciamento tributário sobre o custo de capital próprio nas empresas brasileiras utilizando o indicador Book-Tax Differences (BTD) como ferramenta de identificação do gerenciamento tributário e a sua influência no custo de capital. Então, a presente pesquisa seguiu a recomendação sugerida por Moreira e Silva (2019), de analisar esse custo com outro indicador, neste caso, Book-Tax Differences (BTD). De acordo com os resultados, não foi possível identificar qualquer relação com o custo de capital próprio, contribuindo, assim, para a consolidação dos achados de Goh et al. (2016) e de Moreira e Silva (2019) que apresentam o CashETR como melhor métrica para o gerenciamento tributário, tendo em vista que os resultados apresentados utilizando as variáveis ETR e BTD, demonstraram que o custo de capital exigido pelos investidores não teve relação com a agressividade fiscal das empresas.
Caso para ensino: a água que eu visto
Authors: Ferreira Aracéli Cristina de Sousa , Miranda Luiz Carlos , Queiroz Juliana Molina 
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: O objetivo deste caso é possibilitar a aprendizagem dos alunos sobre os impactos ambientais e seus efeitos, além de permitir que os mesmos utilizam métodos de valoração econômica do meio ambiente para internalizar as externalidades referentes aos impactos ambientais e sociais. Como o produto em questão é usado amplamente, há uma identificação entre o problema identificado neste caso, o da não internalização das externalidades (impactos sociais e ambientais), e os consumidores, neste caso, os próprios alunos.
Metodologia: A metodologia deste caso de ensino é qualitativa. Os alunos leem, discutem e aplicam o caso. Ao ler o caso, os estudantes aprendem as etapas do processo de lavagem de uma lavanderia. Na leitura e na discussão, os alunos podem identificar quais são os impactos ambientais e sociais diretos e indiretos e suas consequências. Por fim, são aplicados e discutidos os métodos de valoração econômica do meio ambiente, quando aplicáveis à situação.
Resultados: É possível identificar os impactos sociais e ambientais e analisar e discutir os efeitos desses impactos na gestão e na contabilidade.
Contribuições do Estudo: Espera-se que este Caso para Ensino possa ser utilizado em cursos de graduação e pós-graduação em disciplinas sobre meio ambiente e sustentabilidade, além de disciplinas relacionadas a custos e gestão.
Earnings management and corporate governance: an analysis based on the adoption of IFRS in Brazil
Authors: Prata Bruno Chacon , Flach Leonardo 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This paper aims to analyze whether the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) strengthened the negative relationship among earnings management and corporate governance best practices, which are: B3’s differentiated levels of corporate governance, the presence of a board of independent directors and whether the company is audited by a Big Four or not.
Methodology: We applied panel data regression with a sample of 92 companies listed in B3 during the period 2002-2007, for the period prior to IFRS and 2010-2015, for the period after IFRS. Data were collected from the explanatory notes, company reference form and in the Economatica® database. In order to measure the dependent variable earnings management, we applied the model proposed by Dechow, Hutton, Kim and Sloan (2012).
Results: Results show that when there is an independent administrative committee, the levels of earnings management are lower, and this relationship is driven by the IFRS adoption. We cannot affirm that companies at the highest levels of corporate governance and audited by a Big Four have a lower incidence of earnings management after the application of IFRS.
Contributions of the Study: This paper contributes to a better understanding of how variables related to governance can influence the quality of accounting and financial information. It also contributes to the literature that investigates how IFRS can influence the quality of accounting information.
COVID-19 Candidate Genes and Pathways Potentially Share the Association
with Lung Cancer
Authors: Alnajeebi Afnan M. , Alharbi Hend F.H. , Alelwani Walla , Babteen Nouf A. , Alansari Wafa S. , Shamlan Ghalia , Eskandrani Areej A. 
Published: July 2021

:
COVID-19 is considered as the most challenging in the current situation but lung cancer
is also the leading cause of death in the global population. These two malignancies are among the
leading human diseases and are highly complex in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches
as well as the most frequent and highly complex and heterogeneous in nature. Based on the latest
update, it is known that the patients suffering from lung cancer, are considered to be significantly
at higher risk of COVID-19 infection in terms of survival and there are a number of evidences
which support the hypothesis that these diseases may share the same functions and functional components.
Multi-level unwanted alterations such as (epi-)genetic alterations, changes at the transcriptional
level, and altered signaling pathways (receptor, cytoplasmic, and nuclear level) are the
major sources which promote a number of complex diseases and such heterogeneous level of complexities
are considered as the major barrier in the development of therapeutics. With so many
challenges, it is critical to understand the relationships and the common shared aberrations between
them which is difficult to unravel and understand. A simple approach has been applied for this
study where differential gene expression analysis, pathway enrichment, and network level understanding
are carried out. Since, gene expression changes and genomic alterations are related to the
COVID-19 and lung cancer but their pattern varies significantly. Based on the recent studies, it appears
that the patients suffering from lung cancer and and simultaneously infected with COVID-19,
then survival chance is lessened. So, we have designed our goal to understand the genes commonly
overexpressed and commonly enriched pathways in case of COVID-19 and lung cancer. For this
purpose, we have presented the summarized review of the previous works where the pathogenesis
of lung cancer and COVID-19 infection have been focused and we have also presented the new
finding of our analysis. So, this work not only presents the review work but also the research work.
This review and research study leads to the conclusion that growth promoting pathways (EGFR,
Ras, and PI3K), growth inhibitory pathways (p53 and STK11), apoptotic pathways (Bcl-
2/Bax/Fas), and DDR pathways and genes are commonly and dominantly altered in both the cases
COVID-19 and lung cancer.
Melatonin having Therapeutic Bone Regenerating Capacity in
Biomaterials
Authors: Huang Jinming , Li Yi , He Chengqi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract:
Bone defects are usually treated with bone grafting. Several synthetic biomaterials have emerged to replace autologous and allogeneic bone grafts, but there are still shortcomings in bone regeneration. Melatonin has demonstrated a beneficial effect on bone metabolism with the potential to treat fractures, bone defects and osteoporosis. The hormone has been found to promote osteogenesis, inhibit osteoclastogenesis, stimulate angiogenesis and reduce peri-implantitis around the graft. Recently, a growing number of studies have shown beneficial effects of melatonin to treat bone defects. However, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in bone healing are still poorly understood. In this review, we recapitulate the potential mechanisms of melatonin, providing a new horizon to the clinical treatment of bone defects.
Blends Containing Amphiphilic Biopolymers and their Compatibility
Behavior
Authors: Castro Cristian , Gargallo Ligia , Radić Deodato 
Published: July 2021

Abstract:
This mini-review deals with the miscibility behaviour of two biopolymers, chitosan and
alginate. It is well known that the miscibility in multifunctional polymer blends is favoured due to
specific interactions, which origin a negative heat of mixing. Particular interest is focused on functionalized
polymers because they are the most suitable way to obtain interacting polymers, producing
a single-phase material. Due to the polyfunctionality of chitosan (CS) and other biopolymers, they can
be taken into account as a basis of a strongly interacting polymer. They would allow obtaining compatible
polymeric materials. For this reason, blends containing CS with different vinyl polymers have
been studied. The most significant polymeric blends with these natural polymers will be analyzed in
this review. Chitosan is obtained from the biopolymer chitin through sequential processes of demineralization,
deproteinization and deacetylation. The native chitin is obtained by direct separation from
the marine crustaceans shell, which is abundant on the sea coasts. Some classic results that relate to
the polymeric blends containing amphiphilic polymers will be discussed. Another biopolymer of the
coast is Sodium Alginate (SA). Alginate also allows the formation of compatible polymer blends.
Results in this regard will also be analyzed in this review.