bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirically validated drought vulnerability mapping in the mixed conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada
Authors: Das Adrian J. , Slaton Michèle R. , Mallory Jeffrey , Asner Gregory P. , Martin Roberta E. , Hardwick Paul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSevere droughts are predicted to become more frequent in the future, and the consequences of such droughts on forests can be dramatic, resulting in massive tree mortality, rapid change in forest structure and composition, and substantially increased risk of catastrophic fire. Forest managers have tools at their disposal to try to mitigate these effects but are often faced with limited resources, forcing them to make choices about which parts of the landscape to target for treatment. Such planning can greatly benefit from landscape vulnerability assessments, but many existing vulnerability analyses are unvalidated and not grounded in robust empirical datasets. We combined robust sets of ground‐based plot and remote sensing data, collected during the 2012–2016 California drought, to develop rigorously validated tools for assessing forest vulnerability to drought‐related canopy tree mortality for the mixed conifer forests of the Sequoia and Kings Canyon national parks and potentially for mixed conifer forests in the Sierra Nevada as a whole. Validation was carried out using a large external dataset. The best models included normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), elevation, and species identity. Models indicated that tree survival probability decreased with greenness (as measured by NDVI) and elevation, particularly if trees were growing slowly. Overall, models showed good calibration and validation, especially for Abies concolor, which comprise a large majority of the trees in many mixed conifer forests in the Sierra Nevada. Our models tended to overestimate mortality risk for Calocedrus decurrens and underestimate risk for pine species, in the latter case probably due to pine bark beetle outbreak dynamics. Validation results indicated dangers of overfitting, as well as showing that the inclusion of trees already under attack by bark beetles at the time of sampling can give false confidence in model strength, while also biasing predictions. These vulnerability tools should be useful to forest managers trying to assess which parts of their landscape were vulnerable during the 2012–2016 drought, and, with additional validation, may prove useful for ongoing assessments and predictions of future forest vulnerability.
BOB.1/OBF.1 is required during B‐cell ontogeny for B‐cell differentiation and germinal center function
Authors: Betzler Annika C. , Fiedler Katja , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Fehling Hans Joerg , Wirth Thomas , Brunner Cornelia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBOB.1/OBF.1 is a lymphocyte‐specific transcriptional co‐activator of octamer‐dependent transcription. It regulates the expression of genes important for lymphocyte physiology together with the Oct‐1 and Oct‐2 transcription factors. So far, BOB.1/OBF.1 has been studied in conventional knockout mice, whereby a function of BOB.1/OBF.1 in B but also in T cells was described. The main characteristic of BOB.1/OBF.1‐deficient mice is the complete absence of germinal centers. However, it is entirely unsolved at which stage of B‐cell development BOB.1/OBF.1 expression is essential for germinal center formation. Still, it is not known whether defects observed late in B‐cell development of BOB.1/OBF.1‐deficient mice are merely a consequence of defective early B‐cell development. To answer the question, whether BOB.1/OBF.1 expression is required before or during the process of germinal center formation, we established a mouse system, which allows the conditional deletion of BOB.1/OBF.1 at different stages of B‐cell development. Our data reveal a requirement for BOB.1/OBF.1 during both early antigen‐independent and late antigen‐dependent B‐cell development, and further a requirement for efficient germinal center reaction during complete B‐cell ontogeny. By specifically deleting BOB.1/OBF.1 in germinal center B cells, we provide evidence that the failure to form germinal centers is a germinal center B‐cell intrinsic defect and not exclusively a consequence of defective early B‐cell maturation.
Non‐destructive platinum catalyst‐replenishment method for deteriorated polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Authors: Kim Jaeyeon , Yoo Hongnyung , Kim Hyeok , Kim Dasol , Kim Geon Hwi , Kwon Obeen , Choi Heesoo , Cha Hyeonjin , Park Taehyun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA novel method for replenishing platinum catalysts on an electrolyte membrane of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is studied. The method injects electrocatalyst‐supplementing ink into a pre‐assembled fuel cell in a simple and non‐destructive manner. For replenishing, straightforward catalyst‐replenishment equipment and corresponding protocol are proposed. The protocol consists of injection, penetration, and purge processes. As a feasibility study, the method is performed on fuel cells with pristine membranes. Target fuel cells for this study include a membrane‐assembled cell without catalyst layers (CLs) (Cell 1) and a cell assembled with a membrane‐coated cathodic CL (Cell 2). An open‐circuit voltage of 0.804 V in Cell 1 and a current of 77 mA in Cell 2 are measured, as supported through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results of energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy also support the presence of platinum catalysts.
Robust information share measures with an application on the international crude oil markets
Authors: Li Hong , Shi Yanlin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a robust estimation approach of the popular information share using a robust vector error correction model. Via simulation studies, we show that the proposed measures lead to more accurate estimates than the existing measures in the presence of outliers. The proposed measures are then investigated using high‐frequency crude oil prices data of the West Texas Intermediate and Brent over November 2019–October 2020. The results suggest that the abnormally large price movement in April 2020 may cause biased estimates of the ordinary measures, whereas the robust measures produce rather consistent results.
Cachectic muscle wasting in acute myeloid leukaemia: a sleeping giant with dire clinical consequences
Authors: Campelj Dean G. , Timpani Cara A. , Rybalka Emma 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a haematological malignancy with poor survival odds, particularly in the older (>65 years) population, in whom it is most prevalent. Treatment consists of induction and consolidation chemotherapy to remit the cancer followed by potentially curative haematopoietic cell transplantation. These intense treatments are debilitating and increase the risk of mortality. Patient stratification is used to mitigate this risk and considers a variety of factors, including body mass, to determine whether a patient is suitable for any or all treatment options. Skeletal muscle mass, the primary constituent of the body lean mass, may be a better predictor of patient suitability for, and outcomes of, AML treatment. Yet skeletal muscle is compromised by a variety of factors associated with AML and its clinical treatment consistent with cachexia, a life‐threatening body wasting syndrome. Cachectic muscle wasting is associated with both cancer and anticancer chemotherapy. Although not traditionally associated with haematological cancers, cachexia is observed in AML and can have dire consequences. In this review, we discuss the importance of addressing skeletal muscle mass and cachexia within the AML clinical landscape in view of improving survivability of this disease.
Development of a framework to assess the biomechanical impact of reverse shoulder arthroplasty placement modifications
Authors: Glenday Jonathan , Sivarasu Sudesh , Roche Stephen , Kontaxis Andreas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReverse shoulder arthroplasty biomechanics can be improved by modifying the placement of prosthesis. Biomechanical studies have quantified the impact of placement modifications on the mobility and stability of the reverse shoulder. While these studies have provided detailed insights, direct comparisons between their finding are obfuscated by their use of differing methodologies. The aim of our study was to develop an assessment framework which used musculoskeletal simulations to consistently evaluate the biomechanics of various placement modifications. We conducted musculoskeletal simulations of humeral elevations and rotations using 15 reverse shoulder models. For each model, these simulations were conducted for a reference configuration of the prosthesis, established using surgical guidelines, and 34 modified configurations, which were based on commonplace adaptations to the placement of the glenosphere and humeral tray. The effect of each modified configuration on deltoid elongation, deltoid moment arm (DMA), joint stability, and impingement‐free range of motion (IFROM) was determined relative to the reference configuration. We found that 16 of the 34 modified placements had an overall beneficial impact on reverse shoulder biomechanics. Within this subset, we identified two biomechanical trade‐offs. First, there is an antagonistic relationship between IFROM and both the DMA and joint stability. Second, functional requirements differ between humeral elevations and rotations. Furthermore, we found that posteromedial translation of the humeral tray had the most beneficial impact on joint stability and inferior translation of the glenosphere had the most beneficial impact on IFROM and DMA.
Simultaneous resection for synchronous colorectal cancer liver metastases: A feasibility clinical trial
Authors: Serrano Pablo E. , Parpia Sameer , Karanicolas Paul , Gallinger Steven , Wei Alice C. , Simunovic Marko , Bhandari Mohit , Levine Mark 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe tested the feasibility of a simultaneous resection clinical trial in patients with synchronous colorectal cancer liver metastases to obtain the necessary information to plan a randomized trial.MethodsMulticenter feasibility single‐arm trial enrolling patients with synchronous colorectal cancer liver metastases eligible for simultaneous resection. Prespecified criteria for feasibility were: proportion of eligible patients enrolled ≥66%, and the proportion of enrolled patients who completed simultaneous resection ≥75%. The prespecified 90‐day major postoperative complication rate was 30%.ResultsOf 61 eligible patients from February 2017 to August 2019, 41 were enrolled (67%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 55%–78%), 32 underwent simultaneous resection (78%; 95% CI, 63%–88%). Four patients were not enrolled due to the surgeon's preference, three were due to the complexity of resection (right hepatectomy and low anterior resection). Intraoperative complications during liver resection (n = 4) and progression of disease (n = 4) were the main reasons for not undergoing simultaneous resection. The 90‐day incidence of major complications was 41% (95% CI, 16%–58%) and the 90‐day postoperative mortality was 6% (95% CI, 1.7%–20%).ConclusionAccording to prespecified criteria, enrolling patients with synchronous colorectal cancer liver metastases to a trial of simultaneous resection is feasible; however, it is associated with higher than anticipated 90‐day postoperative complications.
Hydrogen sulfide regulates autophagy in nucleus pulposus cells under hypoxia
Authors: Yue Lei , Hu Yongkai , Fu Haoyong , Qi Longtao , Sun Haolin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveHydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been found to act as an important gasotransmitter to regulate cell activities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of H2S on autophagy of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells under hypoxia and possible mechanism.Materials and MethodsNP cells were isolated from rat caudal discs. Cobalt chloride was used to mimic hypoxia, sodium hydrosulfide was used to emulate exogenous H2S and 3‐methyladenine was used to block cell autophagy. Cell viability was assessed by phase contrast microscope and Cell Counting Kit‐8 method. Moreover, expression of key autophagic proteins was analyzed via western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy was performed to detect autophagosomes.ResultsHypoxia markedly impaired NP cell proliferation compared with control. Whereas H2S provided pro‐proliferation and pro‐autophagy effects on hypoxic NP cells. However, these beneficial impact of H2S on hypoxic NP cells were reversed by autophagy inhibitor.ConclusionsOur results showed that H2S played a cytoprotective role in NP cells exposed to hypoxia in an autophagy‐dependent manner.
Advances in ameliorating inflammatory diseases and cancers by andrographolide: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and perspective
Authors: Qu Jiao , Liu Qianqian , You Guoquan , Ye Ling , Jin Yiguang , Kong Lingdong , Guo Wenjie , Xu Qiang , Sun Yang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAndrographolide, a well‐known natural lactone having a range of pharmacological actions in traditional Chinese medicine. It has long been used to cure a variety of ailments. In this review, we cover the pharmacokinetics and pharmacological activity of andrographolide which supports its further clinical application in cancers and inflammatory diseases. Growing evidence shows a good therapeutic effect in inflammatory diseases, including liver diseases, joint diseases, respiratory system diseases, nervous system diseases, heart diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, and inflammatory skin diseases. As a result, the effects of andrographolide on immune cells and the processes that underpin them are discussed. The preclinical use of andrographolide to different organs in response to malignancies such as colorectal, liver, gastric, breast, prostate, lung, and oral cancers has also been reviewed. In addition, several clinical trials of andrographolide in inflammatory diseases and cancers have been summarized. This review highlights recent advances in ameliorating inflammatory diseases as well as cancers by andrographolide and its analogs, providing a new perspective for subsequent research of this traditional natural product.
Machine learning models predict the primary sites of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma metastases based on DNA methylation
Authors: Leitheiser Maximilian , Capper David , Seegerer Philipp , Lehmann Annika , Schüller Ulrich , Müller Klaus‐Robert , Klauschen Frederick , Jurmeister Philipp , Bockmayr Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCs) that present as metastases with an unknown primary (HNSC‐CUPs), the identification of a primary tumor improves therapy options and increases patient survival. However, the currently available diagnostic methods are laborious and do not offer a sufficient detection rate. Predictive machine learning models based on DNA methylation profiles have recently emerged as a promising technique for tumor classification. We applied this technique to HNSC to develop a tool that can improve the diagnostic work‐up for HNSC‐CUPs. On a reference cohort of 405 primary HNSC samples, we developed four classifiers based on different machine learning models [random forest (RF), neural network (NN), elastic net penalized logistic regression (LOGREG), and support vector machine (SVM)] that predict the primary site of HNSC tumors from their DNA methylation profile. The classifiers achieved high classification accuracies (RF = 83%, NN = 88%, LOGREG = SVM = 89%) on an independent cohort of 64 HNSC metastases. Further, the NN, LOGREG, and SVM models significantly outperformed p16 status as a marker for an origin in the oropharynx. In conclusion, the DNA methylation profiles of HNSC metastases are characteristic for their primary sites, and the classifiers developed in this study, which are made available to the scientific community, can provide valuable information to guide the diagnostic work‐up of HNSC‐CUP. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Genotypic variation in the response of soybean to elevated CO2
Authors: Soares José C. , Zimmermann Lars , Zendonadi dos Santos Nicolas , Muller Onno , Pintado Manuela , Vasconcelos Marta W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe impact of elevated CO2 (eCO2) on soybean productivity is essential to the global food supply because it is the world's leading source of vegetable proteins. This study aimed to understand the yield responses and nutritional impact under free‐air CO2 enrichment (FACE) conditions of soybean genotypes. Here we report that grain yield increased by 46.9% and no reduction in harvest index was observed among soybean genotypes. Elevated CO2 improved the photosynthetic carbon assimilation rate, leaf area, plant height, and aboveground biomass at vegetative and pod filling stages. Besides the positive effects on yield parameters, eCO2 differentially affected the overall grain quality. The levels of calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), boron (B), and zinc (Zn) grain minerals decreased by 22.9, 9.0, 4.9, 10.1, 21.3, 28.1, 18.5, and 25.9% under eCO2 conditions, respectively. Soluble sugars and starch increased by 9.1 and 16.0%, respectively, phytic acid accumulation increased by 8.1%, but grain protein content significantly decreased by 5.6% across soybean genotypes. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity decreased by 36.9%, but the total phenolic content was not affected by eCO2 conditions. Genotypes, such as Winsconsin Black, Primorskaja, and L‐117, were considered the most responsive to eCO2 in terms of yield enhancement and less affected in the nutritional quality. Our results confirm the existence of genetic variability in soybean responses to eCO2, and differences between genotypes in yield improvement and decreased sensitivity to eCO2 in terms of grain quality loss could be included in future soybean selection to enable adaptation to climate change.
Max‐EWMA chart for time and magnitude monitoring using exponentially modified Gaussian distribution
Authors: Talib Ayesha , Ali Sajid , Shah Ismail 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMonitoring time and magnitude jointly is an attractive field due to their vast applications in different industries. This article presents a new maximum exponentially weighted moving average (Max‐EWMA) chart assuming exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) distribution for time and magnitude. The reason of considering Max‐EWMA chart is its flexibility in identifying an out‐of‐control signal. Furthermore, the exponentially modifying Gaussian distribution can easily handle the monitoring of schedule time and also suitable for positive and negative magnitude. The performance of the chart is assessed using average run length (ARL), standard deviation of run length (SDRL), and quantiles of the run length distribution. In addition to extensive simulation study, two real data sets are also used to illustrate practical applications. The results indicate that the Max‐EWMA chart for monitoring time and magnitude is suitable for detecting time as well as magnitude shifts.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the lung: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Boriçi Sonila , Tanka Marjeta , Serbo Luljeta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) of the lung is a rare tumour encountered in children. Although it is seen mostly in paediatric ages, a small number of cases exists in the literature. It may appear as an inflammatory mass or may have the characteristics of a tumour with the ability for recidivism and metastasis. Careful follow‐up of the cases is required to differentiate between the two. We present the case of a 4‐year‐old girl who presented with cough, and the chest x‐ray and computed tomography scan revealed a tumour mass in the right lung. After lobectomy, histological examination combined with immunohistochemical study discovered an IMT of the lung.
Potential Protein and Enzyme Targets for In‐silico Development and Repurposing of Drug Against Coronaviruses
Authors: Lochab Amit , Thareja Rakhi , Gadre Sangeeta D. , Saxena Reena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDrug development is a tedious, expensive and time consuming process that is accompanied with huge amount of uncertainty due to very low success rate using conventional methods. However, in‐silico techniques have helped society in drug designing and repurposing at minimal cost by shortlisting potentially hit compounds from huge libraries in a short span of time. This computational methodology has made a prominent contribution in the virtual screening of therapeutically relevant drugs for various viral diseases. It has helped in providing relevant information regarding drug‐target interaction and mechanism through which we can modify our drug compound for better efficiency. In‐silico tools additionally helps in predicting toxicity and pharmacokinetics, which can further help in clearing trials and approval. The recent outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) has resulted in a huge number of deaths and affected the economy of the world adversely. Computational methods have played a major role in shortlisting compounds that can inhibit viral infection by targeting various components of this virus which are essential in spreading the infection and replication mechanism. The repurposing of the drug against coronavirus has become a lot easier and efficient with the advancement in these computational techniques. Hence, this review covers the recent developments in the virtual screening of potentially hit compounds against COVID‐19.
Top management team role structure: A vantage point for advancing upper echelons research
Authors: Ma Shenghui , Kor Yasemin Y. , Seidl David 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResearch summaryThe role structure of a top management team (TMT)—the roles of TMT members and the relationships among those roles—has important implications for how TMT members work together as a group in directing an organization and shaping its strategy. Although the importance of TMT role structure has long been noted, it has received scant attention until recently when upper‐echelons scholars started examining its formation and influence. To stimulate a concerted effort in studying TMT role structure, we develop a framework elaborating its main themes, draw out key contributions from extant research (see the SMS Collection), and outline promising future directions. In particular, we highlight important dynamics of how formal and informal structures complement or compete with each other in the strategic leadership of an organization.Managerial summaryHow to structure a TMT is critical for the strategic leadership of an organization. The roles of senior executives and the relationships among these roles shape how executives work together as a group in directing an organization and shaping its strategy. In this article, we develop a framework for understanding how a role structure develops in the senior management team and how it affects strategy and performance of the firm. We synthesize and present key contributions from recent research and discuss important areas that deserve future research. Our article highlights important dynamics of how formal and informal role structures complement or compete with each other in the strategic leadership of an organization.