bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Juvenile Incarceration in an Adult Facility and Violent Victimization During Adulthood
Authors: Silver Ian A. , Cohen Tova , Newsome Jamie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionA growing body of research indicates that being incarcerated in an adult jail or prison as a juvenile can elevate one's exposure to adverse childhood experiences, including violent and sexual victimization and neglect, and may lead to several long‐term difficulties. This study investigates the relationship between being confined in an adult jail or prison as a minor and experiencing violent victimization as an adult.MethodsData from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth‐1997 cohort were used in the study. Subjects were between 12 and 33 years of age (N = 8526; 51% male, 49% female). A parametric survival model was estimated, and the estimates were used to predict the cumulative probability of experiencing a violent victimization from age 18 to 33.ResultsThe cumulative probability of experiencing violent victimization by the age of 33 for juveniles who had been detained in an adult facility was approximately 70% higher than for juveniles who have not had contact with the justice system and 22% higher than for arrested juveniles.ConclusionsConfining juveniles in an adult institution may be a punishment that extends far beyond the sentence, contributing to a unique set of difficulties during adulthood. These findings call into question the practice of bounding juveniles over to the adult court and sentencing them to serve time in adult correctional facilities.
Social participation challenges and response strategies identified by adults aging with a disability
Authors: Harris Maurita T. , Rogers Wendy A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSocial participation is likely to decrease among older adults as disability levels increase. However, it is a modifiable determinant of health that can impact older adults' well‐being and quality of life. Thus, this secondary data analysis aimed to understand what challenges older adults aging with a mobility or vision disability face with social participation, as well as their solutions for addressing those challenges. Interview data were obtained from the Aging, Challenges, Concerns, and Everyday Solution Strategies study. Six activities were chosen based on a taxonomy of social activities and a conceptual model of participation. Frequency counts were gathered through a thematic analysis to understand the number of challenges and response strategies. Over half of the older adults who had a mobility disability shared that visiting family and friends (57%) was their most challenging social activity. The identified challenges hindering them from completing the social activity were primarily personal, followed by accessibility and environmental. Older adults with a vision disability shared that going to entertainment events or activities (26%) was their most challenging social activity. Resources, such as community interventions, can support older adults with mobility or vision disabilities in participating in social activities. As such, future research, policy, and interventions should consider external support components to assist older adults with a mobility or vision disability with social participation.
T2 Clusters Are More Sensitive Than Mean T2 Change to Detect Early and Longitudinal Changes in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructed and Healthy Knees
Authors: Pai S Anoosha , Gatti Anthony A. , Black Marianne S. , Young Katherine A. , Desai Arjun D. , Barbieri Marco , Asay Jessica L. , Sherman Seth L. , Gold Garry E. , Kogan Feliks , Hargreaves Brian A. , Chaudhari Akshay S. 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundPost‐traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) often follows anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), leading to early cartilage degradation. Change in mean T2 fails to capture subject‐specific spatial–temporal variations, highlighting the need for robust quantitative methods for early PTOA detection and monitoring.Purpose/HypothesisDevelop and apply 3D T2 cluster analysis to ACLR and healthy knees over 2.5 years.Study TypeLongitudinal case–control study.SubjectsACLR and contralateral knees of 15 subjects (9 male/6 female, 37.7 ± 10 years) and right knee of 15 matched controls (9 male/6 female, 37.1 ± 12 years) were scanned at 3 weeks, 3, 9, 18, and 30 months post‐ACLR.Sequence3 T Quantitative double echo steady state sequence.Assessment“T2 cluster analysis” was developed, incorporating registration and thresholding methods to identify and quantify elevated T2 regions (T2 clusters, T2C) in femoral cartilage. Percentage of cartilage covered by T2 clusters (T2C%), mean cluster size (T2Csize), the number of clusters (T2Ccount), and ΔT2Mean (change in mean femoral cartilage T2 relative to visit 1) were computed for all knees.Statistical TestsA linear mixed model assessed knee, time, and knee‐time interaction effects on each outcome metric (P < 0.05), with effect sizes (ηp2) describing the sensitivity of these effects to longitudinal changes.ResultsT2C% (ηp2 = 0.22), T2Csize, (ηp2 = 0.14), and T2Ccount (ηp2 = 0.51) showed significant and systematic difference between knees (ACLR > contralateral > control). T2C% (ηp2 = 0.24), T2Csize (ηp2 = 0.17), and T2Ccount (ηp2 = 0.11) showed significant longitudinal change across all knees. Specifically, ACLR knees exhibited a significant increase in T2C% (ηp2 = 0.21), T2Csize (ηp2 = 0.13), and a decrease in T2Ccount (ηp2 = 0.07) with time. ΔT2Mean showed significant difference between knees (ηp2 = 0.15), increase with time (ηp2 = 0.04), with no significant knee‐time interaction (ηp2 = 0.00, P = 0.772 [contralateral], P = 0.482 [control]).ConclusionT2C metrics are more sensitive than ΔT2Mean for longitudinal monitoring of femoral cartilage post ACLR. Our findings suggest potential merging of T2 clusters overtime, forming larger areas of cartilage degradation in ACLR knees.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Frailty in children with chronic liver disease: Prevalence and impact on outcomes
Authors: Yadav Deepika , Sood Vikrant , Lal Bikrant Bihari , Khanna Rajeev , Benjamin Jaya , Kumar Rakesh , Baweja Sukriti , Alam Seema 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesFrailty is a well‐known complication of chronic liver disease and has been recognized as a poor prognostic factor in cirrhotic patients being associated with increased morbidity and mortality. There is limited available pediatric literature in this regard. The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of frailty and analyze the predictive factors and their association with long‐term outcomes in children with liver disease.MethodsChildren (6–18 years of age) with cirrhotic liver disease (CLD) and noncirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) were prospectively enrolled. Frailty assessment was performed using the five classic Fried Frailty criteria. The children were followed up for 12 months to assess long‐term outcomes.ResultsThe study included 170 children (CLD [n = 149; compensated CLD or CCLD, n = 109; decompensated CLD or DCLD, n = 40) and NCPH [n = 21]). The overall prevalence of frailty was 48% (40% in CCLD, 80% in DCLD group and 33% in NCPH group [p < 0.05]). Among the patients with CLD, 76 (51%) were identified as frail. Frail children had a significantly higher risk of decompensation and poorer hepatic synthetic functions, and their presence at baseline predicted future risk of decompensation, infectious complications, need for readmissions, and poor outcome (death) (p < 0.05).ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of frailty in children with liver disease, which is associated with poorer clinical outcomes, including the risk of mortality. Thus, its presence in children with liver disease highlights the urgent unmet need for additional interventions to improve overall muscle mass and function.
Microwave‐Optics Entanglement via Coupled Opto‐ and Magnomechanical Microspheres
Authors: Li Hao‐Tian , Fan Zhi‐Yuan , Zhu Huai‐Bing , Gröblacher Simon , Li Jie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMicrowave‐optics entanglement plays a crucial role in building hybrid quantum networks with quantum nodes working in the microwave and optical frequency bands. However, there are limited efficient ways to produce such entanglement due to the large frequency mismatch between the two regimes. Here, a new mechanism is presented to prepare microwave‐optics entanglement based on a hybrid system of two coupled opto‐ and magnomechanical microspheres, i.e., an yttrium‐iron‐garnet (YIG) sphere and a silica sphere. The YIG sphere holds a magnon mode and a vibration mode induced by magnetostriction, while the silica sphere supports an optical whispering‐gallery mode and a mechanical mode coupled via an optomechanical interaction. The two mechanical modes are close in frequency and directly coupled via physical contact of the two microspheres. It is shown that by simultaneously activating the magnomechanical (optomechanical) Stokes (anti‐Stokes) scattering, stationary entanglement can be established between the magnon and optical modes via mechanics‐mechanics coupling. This leads to stationary microwave‐optics entanglement by further coupling the YIG sphere to a microwave cavity and utilizing the magnon‐microwave state swapping. The protocol is within reach of current technology and may become a promising new approach for preparing microwave‐optics entanglement, which finds unique applications in hybrid quantum networks and quantum information processing with hybrid quantum systems.
Dynamics Analysis of a Delayed HIV Model With Latent Reservoir and Both Viral and Cellular Infections
Authors: Lv Lili , Yang Junxian , Hu Zihao , Fan Dongmei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an HIV model with latent reservoir and a constant production rate of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The system incorporates two delays, intracellular delay and immune response delay , and considers two mechanisms of viral transmission in vivo: cell‐to‐cell and virus‐to‐cell. Based on the initial condition, a key threshold in the model, namely, the basic reproduction number is obtained. Our focus is to investigate the impact of saturated immune delay on viral infection when CTLs are introduced at a constant rate. By constructing Lyapunov functionals, the stability conditions of equilibrium and equilibrium are established. Theoretical analysis indicates that equilibrium no longer remains stable and generates a Hopf bifurcation as immune delay changes. Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the main theoretical results, and sensitivity analysis is used to evaluate the impact of the parameters on the threshold. Through these simulations, the general patterns of dynamic behavior of the model are revealed. In particular, when and , the dynamics of the endemic equilibrium exhibit complex behavior.
Construction of Solutions in a Broad Sense of Systems of First‐Order Partial Differential Equations With Periodic Conditions
Authors: Bekbauova Altynshash , Meirambekuly Akylbek 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe work considers the existence and uniqueness of a solution in the broad sense of systems of differential equations with the same principal part and periodic conditions. Characteristic vector is constructed ‐ functions of the system under study, solutions are defined in a broad sense. A matrix corresponding to a homogeneous system was constructed. Sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the solution in the broad sense of systems of partial differential equations with periodic conditions are obtained.
Analytical Porothermoelastodynamic Modeling of Stress Wave Through a Fluid‐Saturated Porous Cylinder
Authors: Liu Chao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAnalytical porothermoelastodynamic (PTED) solutions are rare in the literature. The responses of fluid‐saturated porous materials subject to coupled mechanisms of loading frequency, fluid flow, stress, and temperature are unclear. In this paper, we use the PTED theory and derive the analytical solutions of pore pressure, temperature, stress, force, and displacement for an isotropic fluid‐saturated porous cylinder subject to a harmonic vibration. The coupled partial differential equations among pore pressure, displacement, and temperature are decoupled by matrix diagonalization and solved by further introducing a potential function and separation of variables. The PTED solution reproduces the poroelastodynamic (PED) one by easing the thermal effect. A demonstration example shows that the coupled mechanisms among pore pressure, stress, and displacement are highly frequency dependent. The thermal effect is more pronounced at low frequencies than at high frequencies when the inertial impact is more significant. Pore pressure is almost uniform in the ‐direction at low frequencies and becomes nonuniform at high frequencies for both PTED and PED cases. Displacements exhibit linear behavior at low frequencies and become nonlinear at high frequencies. Thermal stress and expansion significantly impact the pore pressure and displacement. A brief sensitivity analysis shows that pore pressure responds linearly and monotonically with the increase of the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient of the solid matrix at low frequencies and becomes nonlinear and nonmonotonic at high frequencies. The volumetric thermal expansion coefficient of the solid matrix has a minor effect on the vertical displacement and significantly influences the radial displacement.
Volunteers in Name Only: Implications of Court‐Mandated Service on Volunteer Management
Authors: Clerkin Richard M. , Coggburn Jerrell D. , Lawrence Kara L. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFor nonprofits facing a shifting volunteer base and pressure to engage volunteers in new ways, mandatory service presents both opportunities and challenges for volunteer management that are similar yet distinct from episodic volunteers. In this manuscript, we use semi‐structured interview data from a sample of 26 nonprofit organizations to explore why and how nonprofits use court‐mandated volunteers (CMs). We find that nonprofits base their decisions on whether and how to use CMs on instrumental, expressive, and affiliative considerations. Our findings suggest that nonprofits who use CMs perceive that engaging with CMs aligns with their mission, can accommodate many volunteer hours in a short amount of time, and possess the capacity to effectively manage CMs. However, when nonprofits choose to use CMs, especially those with full‐time volunteer managers, they utilize them differently than traditional volunteers, tending to put them in sweat roles segregated from other volunteers and service beneficiaries. This differential use of CMs raises important concerns about whether this sort of mandated service can achieve its purpose of connecting CMs to their communities to curb recidivism. Further, it challenges the very notion of what it means to be a volunteer from both the coercive nature of the relationship and how this labor is used, leading us to consider individuals engaging in mandated service as volunteers in name only.
Enhanced biodegradable packaging composites: Performance of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) reinforced with propionylated abaca fiber mats
Authors: Iqbal Mohd , Rizal Samsul , Bairwan Rahul Dev , Zein Ikramullah , Abdul Khalil H. P. S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the development of a novel biocomposite tailored for sustainable packaging applications, integrating cellulosic woven fiber mats into poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), a biocompatible polymer. Utilizing hot press compression molding, composite boards with a thickness of 3 mm were fabricated. The cellulosic fiber mats were chemically modified with propionic anhydride, enhancing their compatibility with the PHBV matrix. Varied concentrations of reinforced propionylated cellulosic fiber mats (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) were investigated. The propionylated cellulosic abaca fiber composites exhibited superior functional properties, thermal stability, biodegradability, and mechanical performance compared to pure PHBV matrix. Notably, mechanical properties showed significant improvement with increased cellulosic fiber content, particularly achieving optimal strength at 30 wt% reinforcement. Chemical treatment enhanced interfacial bonding, evident in higher water contact angles and confirmed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM) analysis. The biodegradation rate of biocomposites was faster compared to the control PHBV biopolymer. Despite potential agglomeration issues at higher concentrations, PHBV/chemically modified cellulosic fiber composites hold promise as sustainable packaging materials, contributing to a greener future in packaging applications.Highlights
Successful preparation of PHBV composites with treated plant fibers.
Propionic anhydride treatment enhances fiber‐PHBV bonding and water resistance.
Improved strength at 30 wt% treated abaca fiber in PHBV composites.
Propionylated fibers enhance biodegradability compared to pure PHBV matrix.
Promising sustainable packaging with chemically modified cellulosic fibers.
Crystallographic Analysis of Short Helical Peptides Containing Homologs of Phenylalanine
Authors: Kalita Mrinal , Archana  , Ramapanicker Ramesh , Vasudev Prema G. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTInteractions between aromatic side chains of amino acids stabilize the fold and assembly of short peptides. The aromatic π…π and C‐H…π interactions have been widely explored in the design of short peptides with specific folding and aggregation patterns. In the present study, we investigated the effect of homologated phenylalanine side chains on the conformation and assembly of peptide helices through X‐ray crystallographic structure determination and analysis of five pentapeptides. The parent peptide Boc‐Phe‐Aib‐Aib‐Leu‐Phe‐NHiPr (1) and its four variations were synthesized, in which either one or both of the Phe side chains have been modified by inserting one (homophenylalanine, hPhe; ‐CH2‐CH2‐C6H5) or two (h2Phe; ‐CH2‐CH2‐CH2‐C6H5) additional CH2 groups in the side chain, and their crystal structures were analyzed. The results show that intramolecular aromatic interactions are not present in the parent peptide but are present in the peptides containing the higher homologs of Phe. In peptides that did not show intramolecular aromatic interactions, the effect of increased length of the side chain of Phe residues manifested as intermolecular interactions leading to ordered packing in crystals. The results indicate the potential of hPhe and h2Phe residues to have aromatic interactions that could induce preferential folding and aggregation of peptides containing them.
What can we Learn from Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks?
Authors: Umeano Chukwudubem , Paine Annie E. , Elfving Vincent E. , Kyriienko Oleksandr 
Published: December 2024

AbstractQuantum machine learning (QML) shows promise for analyzing quantum data. A notable example is the use of quantum convolutional neural networks (QCNNs), implemented as specific types of quantum circuits, to recognize phases of matter. In this approach, ground states of many‐body Hamiltonians are prepared to form a quantum dataset and classified in a supervised manner using only a few labeled examples. However, this type of dataset and model differs fundamentally from typical QML paradigms based on feature maps and parameterized circuits. In this study, how models utilizing quantum data can be interpreted through hidden feature maps, where physical features are implicitly embedded via ground‐state feature maps is demonstrated. By analyzing selected examples as case studies for understanding QCNNs, it is shown that high performance in quantum phase recognition comes from generating a highly effective basis set with sharp features at critical points. The learning process adapts the measurement to create sharp decision boundaries. The analysis highlights improved generalization when working with quantum data, particularly in the limited‐shots regime. Furthermore, translating these insights into the domain of quantum scientific machine learning, it is demonstrated that ground‐state feature maps can be applied to fluid dynamics problems, expressing shock wave solutions with good generalization and proven trainability.
Event‐Triggered Synchronization Control for Markov Jump Neural Networks With Partially Unknown Transition Probabilities
Authors: Fan Cheng , Su Lei , Wang Kang , Fei Xihong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article studies the problem of static output feedback synchronization control of Markov jump neural networks. Given the randomness of the neural network topology and the limitations in acquiring transition probabilities, a Markov model with partially unknown transition probabilities is adopted, which aligns more closely with practical applications. To enhance communication efficiency in resource‐constrained environments, an event‐triggered mechanism is introduced. Additionally, in contrast to previous studies, this article employs the technique of free‐weighting matrix to address the decoupling issue in such neural networks, significantly reducing the conservativeness of the static output feedback control strategy. Finally, the theoretical findings are validated through simulation, demonstrating the practical applicability and effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Output Formation Containment of Heterogeneous Singular Multiagent Systems Using Adaptive Protocols
Authors: Liu Xiaofan , Sheng Kai , Yan Yunyi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, the output formation containment control problem for heterogeneous singular multiagent systems is investigated. The purpose of this study is to drive the output of the leader agents to reach a time‐varying formation and take containment action for the follower agents. First, a novel distributed adaptive protocol is designed that relies on the relative output information of agents without measuring and transmitting their states information. Then, the formation containment control problem can be simplified into an admissible analysis of coupled nonlinear singular systems by constructing a model transformation. The output formation control conditions related to the spectral radius of the weighted adjacency matrix are obtained based on the bounded real lemma and admissible analysis. In addition, the adaptive protocols based on the state of the virtual leader are proposed, which can drive the agents to achieve formation containment control more quickly when the state of the virtual leader is known. Finally, the simulation results verify the feasibility of the output formation containment control.
In Vitro Evaluation of Niosomal Formulation for Controlled Delivery of 4‐Hydroxyisoleucine
Authors: Gavan Alireza Hoseeinzadeh , Baei Mazyar Sharifzadeh , Masoumi Mojtaba , Khanpour Mojtaba 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe development of drug delivery systems has aimed to improve bioavailability and reduce limitations of traditional dosing schedules. Vesicular systems like niosomes have gained importance for their stability, cost‐effectiveness, and controlled release capabilities. Niosomes can encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, making them versatile carriers for various therapeutic agents. Recent research focuses on enhancing niosomes for targeted drug delivery, such as incorporating 4‐hydroxyisoleucine (4‐HIL) for diabetes treatment. In this study, 4‐HIL from fenugreek seeds was encapsulated in niosomes and PEGylated niosomes using a thin‐film hydration method. The 4‐HIL‐loaded niosomes showed semi‐spherical, smooth structures with a size of 200 nm, zeta potential of ‐22 mV, and entrapment efficiency ranging from 55.1% to 87.1%. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed hydrogen bonding between span 60 and cholesterol in the niosomal formulation. PEGylation increased vesicle size to 460–580 nm and enhanced encapsulation efficiency to 75.43–90.1%. The PEGylated niosomes significantly suppressed the in vitro release of 4‐HIL, making this formulation a promising drug delivery system for sustained release of anti‐diabetic drugs.