bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐delivery of curcumin and fish oil in phospholipid nanoemulsions attenuates motor impairments and neuro‐inflammation in MPTP induced Parkinson's disease rat model
Authors: Dhavamani Sugasini , Lokesh B.R. 
Published: June 2021

Parkinson disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder that affects mostly the elderly persons. More than 10 million people worldwide are living with PD. This disease causes neurofibrillary tangles, loss of neurons, synaptic dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, postular instability, muscular rigidity and neurotransmitter imbalance and also triggers oxidative stress and enhanced inflammatory responses. However, there is no effective treatment for PD at present in spite of growing understanding of the disorder. Recent studies suggest that DHA may be a potential neuroprotective compound for PD. We have earlier demonstrated that nanocurcumin exhibit anti‐inflammatory activity and also reduce oxidative stress. Co‐ingestion of curcumin with omega 3 rich oils also enhanced DHA as well as neurotransmitter levels in rat brain. However their influence on PD has received very little attention. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of nanocurcumin along with fish oil containing DHA on behavioral deficits, oxidative damage and related mechanisms in MPTP administered rats. The results demonstrated that rats given nanocurcumin with DHA significantly alleviated motor dysfunction in MPTP administered rats. Biochemical measurements indicated that rats administered with nanocurcumin exhibited increased glutathione levels, reduced ROS, iNOS and malondialdehyde content. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that BDNF and NGF levels were marginally increased in striatum of rats given nanocurcumin with DHA as compared to MPTP administered rats. Rats given nanocurcumin with DHA enhanced the monoamines neurotransmitter levels and protected from dopaminergic neuronal loss. Moreover, DHA along with phospholipid emulsions played a major role as a neuroprotective agent. The DHA level of was significantly improved in all brain regions of rat given nanocurcumin in MPTP administered rats. The phospholipids of PC‐ DHA and PE‐ DHA also significantly enhanced in brain regions of rats given nanocurcumin in MPTP administered rats and restored it to the normal levels in all regions of brain. The novelty of these findings is the demonstration of improved motor functions, striatal neurotransmitters and dopaminergic neuronal loss protection by nano‐curcumin and fish oil enriched in DHA in MPTP intoxicated rats. These results suggest that the co‐delivery of nanocurcumin and DHA containing oil administered in phospholipid emulsions may benefit for the prevention and treatment for PD patients.Support or Funding InformationICMR, CSIRThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Astrocyte Activation is Increased in a Rat Endometriosis Model
Authors: Flores‐Bonilla Annabelle , Cruz Myrella L , Appleyard Caroline , Chompre Gladys 
Published: June 2021

Peripheral inflammation produces an immune response in the brain by the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Astrocytes are also involved in the pain symptoms of chronic diseases such as endometriosis, which is characterized by the growth of uterine tissue outside the reproductive organs. Studies using a mouse model of endometriosis found an increase in astrocytes in the spinal cord but effects in the various brain regions such as the hippocampus are still unknown. However, decreased grey matter value in women with endometriosis experiencing chronic pelvic pain suggests the involvement of the central nervous system. Previous studies in our lab found an increase in hyperalgesia symptoms in a rat model of endometriosis, however, the activation of glia cells such astrocytes and microglia in the central nervous system is still unknown.AimStudy the effects of endometriosis on astrocyte and microglia activation in the hippocampus.MethodsEndometriosis was induced by implanting uterine tissue in the intestinal mesentery in female Sprague Dawley rats that weighed more than 200g (ENDO group). Control animals received only sutures in the same region (SHAM). Sixty days after the induction of endometriosis, both groups underwent behavioral testing using open field followed by sacrifice to collect brain and endometrial tissue. Brain sections were stained against the astrocyte marker, Glial Fibric Acid Protein (GFAP), and the microglia marker, ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA‐1), and both the percent area and number and length of projections was measured using ImageJ.ResultsThe ENDO group developed vesicles with a mean total area of 49.67 mm2, indicating development of endometriosis. The ENDO group showed no significant differences in entries to the center of the open field arena (p>0.05; n=4–6), however they had significantly less velocity and travelled less distance compared with the SHAM group (p<0.05; n=4–6). Brain immunofluorescence shows an increase in the percent of area of GFAP positive staining, and an increase in the number and length of astrocyte projections in the hippocampus in the ENDO group compared with the SHAM (p<0.05; n=4–6). No significant differences were found with microglia.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the possible involvement of astrocytes in the brain of the rat endometriosis model. Astrocyte activation in the hippocampus may be associated with peripheral inflammation and contribute to the hyperalgesia and depressive behavior often associated with endometriosis.Support or Funding InformationSupported in part by P20 GM103475‐16 & R15AT009915.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effects of Intracerebroventricular Administration of Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor Inhibitor on Microglia
Authors: Kasihara Soichiro , Shinohara Keisuke , Tsutsui Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundMicroglia play an important role in innate immunity in the brain and are suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, as well as neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) regulates the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of microglia and macrophages. Although previous studies have demonstrated that repeated oral administration of a CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397 leads to microglia elimination, systemic administration of PLX3397 affects also peripheral macrophages. Therefore, to establish a method for selective elimination of microglia is needed in order to investigate the roles of microglia independently from peripheral macrophages particularly in systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of intracerebroventricular administration of PLX3397 on microglia.Methods and ResultsWe intracerebroventricularly injected PLX3397 (0.45mg/kg) in male 9‐week‐old Wistar‐Hannover rats and collected their brains on 1, 2 and 4 days after administration. Rats without PLX3397 treatment were used as control. We evaluated microglia in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, an important nucleus for cardiovascular control, by immunohistochemistry using anti‐Iba1 antibody. The number of microglia was decreased on 1 day after administration (Day 1) and was almost restored to control on Day 4 (control, 32.5±0.8/HPF, n=6; Day 1, 25.8±1.1/HPF, n=2; Day 2, 27.0±1.0/HPF, n=2; Day 4, 31.5±1.5/HPF, n=1). Morphological analyses of surviving microglia revealed a smaller cell size and an increased circularity (cell perimeter: control, 1282±70 μm; Day 1, 758±6 μm; Day 2, 850±30 μm; Day 4, 940±50 μm, cell area: control, 1049±35 μm2; Day 1, 700±35 μm2; Day 2, 798±50 μm2; Day 4, 838±51 μm2, circularity: control, 0.0087±0.00089; Day 1, 0.0174±0.00029; Day 2, 0.0159±0.00041; Day 4, 0.0134±0.0011), which are typically observed in activated microglia, in the PLX3397‐treated rats. These morphological changes tended to be restored as the time elapsed after the PLX3397 administration.Conclusion and PerspectivesSingle intracerebroventricular injection of CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397 reduced the number of microglia. However, the degree of microglial reduction was small and the effect was transient. Multiple injections or continuous infusion of PLX3397 intracerebroventricularly will be needed to robustly eliminate microglia. Further, it should be clarified whether the PLX3397‐induced morphological changes of microglia are resulted from microglial activation or process of microglial apoptosis.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Sex differences in vascular expression and activation of STIM‐1/Orai‐1 during hypertension: focus on calcium regulation
Authors: Giachini Fernanda , Carneiro Fernando S , Lima Victor V , Carneiro Zidonia N , Dorrance Anne , Tostes Rita C , Webb R. Clinton 
Published: June 2021

Sex‐related differences in Ca2+‐dependent signaling contributes to greater contractile‐responses in male hypertensive rats. We hypothesized that vascular protection in females reflects differences in Ca2+ mobilization due to differential activation of CRAC (Ca2+ release‐activated Ca2+) channels through Orai1, via its interaction with the intracellular Ca2+ sensor STIM‐1 (stromal interaction molecules). Endothelium‐denuded aortic rings from male and female stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats were used to functionally evaluate Ca2+ influx‐induced contraction. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca+2 ATPase was inhibited with thapsigargin (10uM). During the Ca2+ loading period: (1) force development was augmented in aortas from male SHRSP (10.0±0.9mN, n=6) vs. female (7.5±1.1mN, n=6); (2) CRAC channel blockade with 2‐APB and Gd3+ as well as (3) neutralizing antibodies against STIM‐1 and Orai‐1 normalized differences in contraction between aortas from male and female SHRSP. Expression of Orai‐1 and STIM‐1 proteins was increased in aorta from male SHRSP, vs. female SHRSP or WKY. Augmented activation of STIM‐1/Orai‐1 in aorta from male SHRSP may represent a mechanism that contributes to sex‐related impaired control of intracellular Ca2+ levels.Financial support: NIH ‐ HL71138 and HL74167
Intermittent Auscultation Reduces Risk of Emergency Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Rosenberg Karen 
Published: June 2021

According to this study:

Compared with other fetal surveillance methods, intermittent auscultation seems to reduce the risk of emergency cesarean delivery without increasing that of adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes.Newer methods of fetal surveillance didn't improve neonatal outcomes or reduce the risk of unnecessary maternal interventions.
Smoking and Smoking Relapse in Postpartum: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Amiri Sohrab , Saadat Seyed H. 
Published: June 2021

Objectives:
Smoking is a well-known factor in the negative health outcomes worldwide. This study aims to determine the smoking prevalence and relapse in women in the postpartum period based on the meta-analysis method.

Methods:
The steps provided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed. According to keywords extracted by authors, 3 sources were searched until April 2020. To analyze the prevalence of smoking and relapse, the size of the sample and the event were calculated for eligible studies, and then the prevalence was calculated. Heterogeneity for all analyses and subgroups was investigated.

Result:
Forty articles were eligible for evaluation of the prevalence of smoking and smoking relapse in the postpartum period. The pooled prevalence of smoking/smoking relapse was 30%, with a confidence interval (CI) of 26%-34% and I
2=99.5%. The prevalence of smoking was 19% (CI=15%-22%, I
2=98.86%) and the prevalence of smoking relapse was 46% (CI=39%-54%, I
2=98.86%). The prevalence of 6-month postpartum smoking/smoking relapse was 29% (CI=23%-34%, I
2=99.42%). The prevalence of smoking/smoking relapse between 6 and 18 months was 31% (CI=24%-39%, I
2=99.51%).

Discussion:
Due to the role of smoking in disease and predisposing individuals to various diseases, and the prevalence of smoking and relapse in the postpartum period, it is necessary to develop prevention and awareness programs in this respect.
Efficacy of intratracheal budesonide-surfactant combined therapy in surfactant-insufficient rat lungs with lipopolysaccharide insult
Authors: Tsao Pei-Chen , Lin Chih-Hsueh , Lee Yu-Sheng , Chen Wei-Yu , Jeng Mei-Jy , Kou Yu Ru 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Intratracheal steroid therapy for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) remains challenging particularly in surfactant-insufficient lungs, a common problem of neonatal or pediatric ALI. Surfactant has been used as a vehicle for intratracheal steroid in the treatment of other types of ALI. This study investigated the efficacy of intratracheal budesonide (BUD) delivered by two concentrations of surfactant in the treatment of LPS-induced ALI in surfactant-insufficient rat lungs.

Methods:
Male adult rats were anesthetized and ventilated. Our ALI model was established by repeated saline lavage to produce surfactant insufficiency, followed by intratracheal LPS instillation. Five study groups (n = 5 for each) with different intratracheal treatments following ALI were used: control (no treatment), BUD (NS-BUD; BUD in saline), DS-BUD (BUD in diluted surfactant), FS-BUD (BUD in full-strength surfactant), FS (full-strength surfactant). Cardiopulmonary variables were monitored 4 hours post injury. Histological and immunohistochemical assessments of the lungs were performed.

Results:
The FS-BUD and FS groups presented better gas exchange, less metabolic acidosis, less oxygen index, and more stable hemodynamic changes than the DS-BUD, NS-BUD, and control groups. The total lung injury scores assessed by histological examination were ordered as follows: FS-BUD < DS-BUD or FS < NS-BUD < control. The immunostaining intensities of lung myeloperoxidase showed the following order: NS-BUD, DS-BUD, or FS-BUD < control or FS. Only the FS-BUD group displayed a smaller immunostaining intensity of lung tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α than the control group.

Conclusion:
Among our therapeutic strategies, intratracheal BUD delivered by full-strength surfactant confers an optimal protection against LPS-induced ALI in surfactant-insufficient rat lungs.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in Children: An Update to the ESPGHAN Position Paper
Authors: Homan Matjaž , Hauser Bruno , Romano Claudio , Tzivinikos Christos , Torroni Filippo , Gottrand Frédéric , Hojsak Iva , Dall’Oglio Luigi , Thomson Mike , Bontems Patrick , Narula Priya , Furlano Raoul , Oliva Salvatore , Amil-Dias Jorge 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackground:The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) position paper from 2015 on percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) required updating in the light of recent clinical knowledge and data published in medical journals since 2014.Methods:A systematic review of medical literature from 2014 to 2020 was carried out. Consensus on the content of the manuscript, including recommendations, was achieved by the authors through electronic and virtual means. The expert opinion of the authors is also expressed in the manuscript when there was a lack of good scientific evidence regarding PEGs in children in the literature.Results:The authors recommend that the indication for a PEG be individualized, and that the decision for PEG insertion is arrived at by a multidisciplinary team (MDT) having considered all appropriate circumstances. Well timed enteral nutrition is optimal to treat faltering growth to avoid complications of malnutrition and body composition. Timing, device choice and method of insertion is dependent on the local expertise and after due consideration with the MDT and family. Major complications such as inadvertent bowel perforation should be avoided by attention to good technique and by ensuring the appropriate experience of the operating team. Feeding can be initiated as early as 3 hours after tube placement in a stable child with iso-osmolar feeds of standard polymeric formula. Low-profile devices can be inserted initially using the single-stage procedure or after 2–3 months by replacing a standard PEG tube, in those requiring longer-term feeding. Having had a period of non-use and reliance upon oral intake for growth and weight gain—typically 8–12 weeks—a PEG may then safely be removed after due consultation. In the event of non-closure of the fistula the most successful method for closing it, to date, has been a surgical procedure, but the Over-The-Scope-Clip (OTSC) has recently been used with considerable success in this scenario.Conclusions:A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory for the best possible treatment of children with PEGs. Morbidity and mortality are minimized through team decisions on indications for insertion, adequate planning and preparation before the procedure, subsequent monitoring of patients, timing of the change to low-profile devices, management of any complications, and optimal timing of removal of the PEG.
Neuromuscular complications of coronavirus disease-19
Authors: Suh Joome , Amato Anthony A. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of review
Since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in late 2019, coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. The number of affected cases and deaths continues to rise. Primarily a respiratory illness, COVID-19 is now known to affect various organ systems including peripheral nerve and skeletal muscle. The purpose of this review is to discuss the scope of neuromuscular manifestations and complications of COVID-19.

Recent findings
Several neuromuscular conditions, including Guillain-Barré syndrome, rhabdomyolysis, and myositis, have been reported in patients infected with COVID-19, but even with a temporal association, a causal relationship remains unproven. Direct invasion of neurons or myocytes by the virus, and immune-mediated injury have been speculated but not consistently demonstrated. In addition to potentially causing the above conditions, COVID-19 can trigger exacerbations of preexisting neuromuscular conditions such as myasthenia gravis, and severe infections can lead to critical illness myopathy/polyneuropathy.

Summary
COVID-19 appears to be potentially associated with a wide range of neuromuscular manifestations and complications. Further studies are needed to examine these possible associations, understand the pathogenesis, and develop preventive and treatment strategies.
Neuroimaging in Triphasic Waves
Authors: Rahwan Mohamad , Edwards Jonathan C. 
Published: June 2021

Summary:
Triphasic waves can be seen in a wide range of medical conditions, particularly in metabolic encephalopathies. Neuroimaging studies provide valuable diagnostic information for neurological conditions and can also help in our understanding of anatomical substrates for these conditions. Because of practical challenges and the fact that most encephalopathies with triphasic waves are presumed to be metabolic in etiology, large studies of imaging findings associated with triphasic waves are limited. We present a summary of studies that are currently available and a discussion of insights that these studies provide.
Inequalities in initiation of COVID19 vaccination by age and population group in Israel-December 2020-April 2021
Authors: Gorelik Yanay , Edelstein Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Israel, COVID19 vaccination coverage varies widely by population group and age. Despite the vaccine being locally and freely available in the entire country. Comparing crude coverage between localities and population groups is misleading because of differing age structures in different population groups. In order to describe inequalities in COVID19 vaccine initiation we determined differences in age-specific dose 1 vaccine coverage between the main population groups in Israel, and characterised the influence of age on vaccine coverage within each of these groups.MethodsWe obtained daily doses administered by municipality and age from the Ministry of Health, and demographic data from the Central Bureau of Statistics. We determined whether the relative proportion of people vaccinated in each age group (15-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60+) changed by population group (General Jewish, Ultra-Orthodox and Arab) using ANOVA and quantified association between age, population group and vaccine coverage using binomial regression.Results8,507,723 individuals in 268 localities were included. Compared with the General Jewish population, vaccine coverage was lower among the Arab and Ultra-Orthodox populations and lowest in the Ultra-Orthodox population in all age groups. Gaps between population groups differed according to age group (p<0.001). In all populations, coverage decreased with decreasing age (p<0.001). The Ultra-orthodox population was the least vaccinated in all age groups relatively to those aged 60 and overConclusionsIn all age groups, the Ultra-Orthodox population had the lowest vaccine coverage. The younger the age group, the more Ultra-Orthodox Jews are diverging from their age peers in terms of initiating COVID19 vaccination. These findings suggest generational differences in terms of vaccination behaviour in this group. Qualitative studies understanding the causes behind this divergence can inform tailored vaccination strategies.
The majority of the variation in COVID-19 rates between nations is explained by median age, obesity rate, and island status
Authors: Fraiman Joseph B. , Ludwin-Peery Ethan , Ludwin-Peery Sarah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince the World Health Organization declared SARS-CoV-2 to be a global pandemic on March 11, 2020, nearly every nation on earth has reported infections. Incidence and prevalence of COVID-19 case rates have demonstrated extreme geospatial and temporal variability across the globe. The outbreaks in some countries are extreme and devastating, while other countries face outbreaks that are relatively minor. The causes of these differences between nations remain poorly understood, and identifying the factors that underlie this variation is critical to understand the dynamics of this disease in order to better respond to this and future pandemics.Here, we examine four factors that we anticipated would explain much of the variation in COVID-19 rates between nations: median age, obesity rate, island status, and strength of border closure measures. Clinical evidence suggests that age and obesity increase both the likelihood of infection and transmission in individual patients, which make them plausible demographic factors. The third factor, whether or not each country is an island nation, was selected because the geographical isolation of islands is expected to influence COVID-19 transmission. The fourth factor of border closure was selected because of its anticipated interaction with island nation status.Together, these four variables are able to explain a majority of the international variance in COVID-19 case rates. Using a dataset of 190 countries, simple modeling based on these four factors and their interactions explains more than 70% of the total variance between countries. With additional covariates, more complex modeling and higher-order interactions explains more than 80% of the variance. These novel findings offer a solution to explain the unusual global variation of COVID-19 that has remained largely elusive throughout the pandemic.