bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
216 Effect of Spray Dried Plasma on the Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Crude Protein and Amino Acids in Diets Based on Different Ingredient Combinations Fed to Young Pigs
Authors: Bailey Hannah M , Stein Hans H , Campbell Joy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that spray dried plasma (SDP) increases the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA from other ingredients in diets for young pigs, which may result in a lack of additivity in such diets. Thirty ileal cannulated barrows (body weight: 9.30 ± 0.63 kg) were randomly allotted to a triplicated 10 × 3 Youden square design with 10 diets and three 7-d periods. Diets from four regions were formulated: the U.S.A. [corn-soybean meal (SBM)-based diet], the European Union (corn-wheat-barley-SBM-based diet), Canada (wheat-barley-SBM-fermented SBM-based diet), and Asia (corn-rice-SBM-fermented SBM-based diet). Diets from each region contained 0 or 6% SDP. Differences between measured and predicted SID of CP and AA in diets with SDP were calculated. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS as a 2 × 4 factorial with 2 levels of SDP and 4 regions. There was an SDP by region interaction for the measured SID of CP and all AA, except Lys (Table 1). When SDP was added to the U.S.A, the European Union, and Asia diets, the SID of CP and AA was not increased. The SID of CP and AA, except Lys, was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in the Canada diet with SDP than without SDP. The measured SID of CP and AA was consistent with predicted values for the European Union and Asia diets (Table 2). The measured SID of Trp was less (P &lt; 0.05) than predicted for the U.S.A. diet, and the measured SID of CP and all indispensable AA was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than predicted in the Canada diet. In conclusion, addition of 6% SDP to wheat-barley-based diets may increase SID of CP and AA, and therefore, the SID of CP and AA in diets containing SDP may be greater than predicted.
212 Conditioning and Expansion Increases Nutritional Value of Soybean Expellers
Authors: Espinosa Charmaine D , Oliveira Maryane S Sespere Faria , Limbach Joseph , Fanelli Natalia , Wiltafsky-Martin Markus , Stein Hans H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that different combinations of conditioning and expansion of soybean expellers increases nutritional value. Non-heat-treated soybean expellers (L-1) and soybean expellers conditioned for 60 s at 90ºC followed by expansion at 110ºC (L-2) were used. Two additional sources of soybean expellers (L-3 and L-4) were processed as L-2 with the exception that the initial conditioning was followed by long-term conditioning for 12 or 48 min at 100ºC before expansion. Analyzed trypsin inhibitor activity in L-1, L-2, L-3, and L-4 was 34.0, 23.1, 4.2, and 2.4 mg/g, respectively. In experiment 1, 10 cannulated barrows (54.22 ± 4.54 kg) were allotted to a replicated 5 × 4 Youden square with 5 diets and 4 periods and 8 replicates per diet. Each source of soybean expellers was included in one diet, and a N-free diet was also used. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using the Mixed Procedure of SAS. The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of all amino acids (AA) in L-1 was less (P &lt; 0.01) compared with L-2, L-3, and L-4 (Table 1), and SID of all AA in L-2 was less (P &lt; 0.01) than in L-3 or L-4. In experiment 2, 40 barrows (17.52 ± 1.63 kg) were housed in metabolism crates and fed a corn diet or 4 diets based on corn and each source of soybean expellers. Feces and urine were collected using the marker-to-marker approach with 5-d adaptation and 4-d collection periods. Data were analyzed as in Exp. 1. The metabolizable energy (ME) in L-1 was less (P &lt; 0.01) than in L-2, L-3, and L-4 (Table 1). In conclusion, the SID of AA in soybean expellers was maximized if 12 or 48 min of conditioning at 100ºC was used before expansion, but long-term conditioning did not increase ME.
213 Increased Standardized Ileal Digestible Isoleucine to Lysine Ratio Improved Feed Efficiency in Pigs Fed Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles from 11 to 80 kg
Authors: Xue Pengcheng , Pilcher Chad M , Li Qingyun , Saddoris-Clemons Kari L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the impact of dietary SID Ile to Lys ratio on the performance pigs from 11 to 80 kg of BW. A total of 1,092 pigs (initial BW = 11.1, SEM = 0.6 kg; 14 pens/treatment; 13 pigs/pen) were used in an 80d trial with a randomized complete block design. Dietary treatments were in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement containing 2 levels of DDGS (0 and 25%) and 3 levels of SID Ile/Lys (0.54, 0.58, and 0.62). Energy and nutrient levels of all treatments were formulated at equal levels that met or exceeded NRC (2012) requirements. The SID Ile/Lys ratio was controlled by crystalline Ile. The MIXED procedures of SAS 9.4 were employed for statistical analysis. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test for main effects of DDGS and SID Ile/Lys. In the results, formulating with 25% DDGS decreased FBW, ADG, and ADFI (P &lt; 0.05) of growing pigs. The average FBW of treatments without and with 25% DDGS were 81.7 and 78.6 kg, respectively. The ADG of diets without and with DDGS were 0.88 vs 0.84 kg/d, respectively. The ADFI of treatments without DDGS were 1.85 kg/day, while the counterparts of treatments fed diets containing 25% DDGS were 1.79 kg/d. Feeding diets containing 25% DDGS tended to decrease Gain:Feed (0.477 vs. 0.472; P &lt; 0.10). Increasing the level of SID Ile/Lys (from 0.54 to 0.62) linearly increased Gain:Feed in pigs fed diets containing 25% DDGS (0.467, 0.471, 0.477, respectively; P &lt; 0.05). In summary, this study demonstrated feeding diets containing 25% DDGS decreased the performance of growing pigs by reducing ADG and ADFI. Greater SID Ile/Lys in diets may help reduce the negative impact of DDGS diets in grow-finishing pigs by improving feed efficiency.
217 Effects of Dietary Protein Content and Crystalline Amino Acid Supplementation Patterns on Growth Performance of Weaned Pigs Raised Under Different Sanitary Conditions
Authors: Lee Jinyoung , González-Vega J Caroline , Htoo John K , Yang Chengbo , Nyachoti Martin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) content and crystalline amino acids (CAA) supplementation patterns on the growth performance of weaned pigs under clean (CSC) or unclean sanitary conditions (USC). One hundred forty-four piglets (6.35 ± 0.63 kg BW) were housed under CSC or USC for 3 wk and assigned to 1 of 3 diets: a high CP (HCP; 21%) and two low CP (LCP; 18%) diets supplemented with 10 crystalline indispensable amino acids (IAA) to meet all IAA requirements or only 6 IAA (Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Val, and Ile) to meet IAA requirements except Leu, His, and Phe. Each treatment had 8 replicates (3 pigs per pen) per sanitary condition. The CSC room was cleaned and washed weekly. For the USC room, sow manure was spread and remained unwashed. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with orthogonal polynomial contrasts. Pigs raised under USC had reduced (P &lt; 0.05) ADG and G:F in wk 2, but overall, no difference was found between sanitary conditions due to contrary results in wk 3. Overall, ADG and ADFI were not affected but G:F tended (P &lt; 0.10) to be lower for USC pigs. Also, G:F did not differ between HCP (0.79) and LCP (0.81) under CSC, however, LCP interactively decreased (P &lt; 0.05) G:F to 0.75 compared to 0.83 in HCP under USC. The CAA supplementation patterns did not influence growth except reduced (P &lt; 0.05) ADFI in wk 3. Pigs fed the HCP diet had higher (P &lt; 0.05) fecal scores throughout the experiment than those fed LCP diets under both sanitary conditions. In conclusion, overall growth performance did not differ between HCP and LCP under CSC, but LCP diets reduced G:F under USC. The fecal score decreased in LCP diets regardless of sanitary conditions.
210 A Longer Adaptation Period to a Functional Amino Acid-supplemented Diet Improves Growth Performance and Attenuates Acute-phase Response in Salmonella Typhimurium-challenged Pigs
Authors: Rodrigues Lucas , Wellington Michael O , González-Vega J Caroline , Htoo John K , Van Kessel Andrew G , Columbus Daniel A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Functional amino acid supplementation during disease challenge enhances growth performance and immune status. The present study investigated the effect of duration of adaptation period to a functional amino acid (FAA)-supplemented diet on growth performance and immune status during a subsequent Salmonella challenge in pigs. Thirty-two mixed-sex weanling pigs (8 pigs/treatment; 11.6 ± 0.34 kg initial body weight) received either a basal diet without FAA supplementation throughout the experimental period (FAA-) or a diet containing a supplemented FAA profile (Thr, Met, and Trp at 120% of requirements) fed for either 0 (FAA+0), 1 (FAA+1) or 2 (FAA+2) wk pre- and 1 wk post-inoculation with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST). Pigs were orally inoculated with saline containing ST after the 2 wk pre-inoculation period and monitored for 1 wk post-inoculation. Pigs had ad libitum access to diets throughout the experiment. Performance parameters [average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, and gain:feed (GF)] were measured in the pre- and post-inoculation periods. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 4, and 7 post-inoculation for serum haptoglobin and albumin analysis. There was no effect of diet on pre-inoculation performance (P &gt; 0.05). Post-inoculation, FAA+2 pigs had the highest ADG (0.46 kg/d) and GF (0.63 kg/kg), FAA- the lowest (0.21 kg/d; 0.29 kg/kg), with FAA+0 (0.33 kg/d; 0.46 kg/kg) and FAA+1 (0.40 kg/d; 0.53 kg/kg) being intermediate (ADG, P &lt; 0.05, SEM=0.059; GF, P &lt; 0.05, SEM=0.099). Overall, albumin was higher in FAA+2 (35.25 g/L) and FAA+1 (34.63 g/L) pigs compared to FAA+0 (30.38 g/L) and FAA- (29.67 g/L) pigs (P &lt; 0.05, SEM=0.717). Furthermore, FAA+2 pigs had the lowest overall haptoglobin (0.90 g/L), FAA- the highest (1.54 g/L), with FAA+0 (1.32 g/L) and FAA+1 (1.06 g/L) being intermediate (P &lt; 0.05, SEM=0.111). In conclusion, a longer adaptation period to FAA supplementation improved performance and attenuated the immune response of pigs when exposed to an enteric disease challenge.
211 A Corn Protein Product Has Greater Concentration of Digestible Amino Acids and Energy Than Low-oil Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles When Fed to Pigs and May Be Used in Diets for Weanling Pigs
Authors: Medellin Jessica P Acosta , Espinosa Charmaine D , Jaworski Neil , Stein Hans H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The hypothesis that the nutritional value of corn protein (approximately 50% protein) is greater than in two sources of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS1 and DDGS2) was tested. In Exp. 1, eight ileal-cannulated barrows (37.1 ± 2.4 kg) were allotted to a Latin square and fed a N-free diet or diets based on corn protein, DDGS1, or DDGS2. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using SAS with treatment and replicate being fixed and random effects, respectively. Concentrations of standardized ileal digestible (SID) AA were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in corn protein than in DDGS (Table 1). In Exp. 2, 32 barrows (16.5 ± 0.9 kg) in metabolism crates received diets based on, corn, corn protein, DDGS1, or DDGS2. Data were analyzed as in Exp. 1. Corn protein had greater (P &lt; 0.01) ME compared with DDGS1 and DDGS2 (Table 1). In Exp. 3, 160 pigs (6.02 ± 0.84 kg) were allotted to 4 treatments with 8 pens per treatment. Phase 1 and 2 diets contained 0, 5, 5, or 10% and 0, 2.5, 7.5, or 10% corn protein, respectively, which replaced enzyme-treated soybean meal (HP300) or plasma in phase 1 or HP300 in phase 2. Diets were formulated using ME and SID AA values from Exp. 1 and 2. A common phase 3 diet was used. Data were analyzed as in Exp. 1. At the end of phase 1, BW was reduced (P &lt; 0.05) for pigs fed the diet with the greatest inclusion of corn protein, but there was no difference at the end of the experiment (Table 2). Fecal score tended (P = 0.066) to be reduced in phase 2 for pigs fed the greatest inclusion of corn protein. In conclusion, corn protein has greater ME and digestible AA than DDGS and may reduce fecal scores of pigs
184 Evaluation of Aviplus on Growth Performance of Nursery and Growing-finishing Pigs
Authors: Hutchens Wade M , Tokach Mike D , Woodworth Jason C , DeRouchey Joel M , Goodband Robert D , Calderon Hilda I , Keppy Kaylee , Stephens Kevin , Maynard Philip 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A total of 1,215 pigs (L337×1050, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were used in a 156-d wean-to-finish experiment. Pigs were weaned at 21 d of age and placed in pens based on initial body weight (BW) with 27 pigs/pen. There were three dietary treatments including a: 1) control; 2) pigs fed diets containing AviPlus (micro-encapsulated sorbic and citric acids and synthetic thymol and vanillin botanicals; Vetagro Inc., Chicago, IL) during the nursery and finisher phases; or 3) pigs fed AviPlus during the nursery but not the finishing phase. AviPlus was included at 2.72 kg/ton from d 0 to 21, 0.90 kg/ton from d 21 to 42, and 0.45 kg/ton from d 42 to 156. Thus, there were 15 control pens and 30 Aviplus pens in the nursery and 15 pens for the 3 treatments in the finisher phase. On d 42, pigs were transported as intact pens to the finishing facility. Data were analyzed as a RCBD with pen as experimental unit. For the overall nursery period (d 0 to 42), pigs fed AviPlus had improved (P &lt; 0.05) G:F, with no evidence of difference (P &gt; 0.05) for d 42 BW, ADG, or ADFI. For the overall finishing period (d 42 to 156) and overall experimental period (d 0 to 156), there was no evidence of difference (P &gt; 0.05) for BW, ADG, ADFI, or G:F. There was no evidence of difference (P &gt; 0.05) observed for mortality and removals during the nursery, finisher, or overall. In summary, providing AviPlus during the nursery improved nursery G:F, but there was no effect on overall wean-to-finish performance.
187 Effects of Oligosaccharide-based Polymer on Growth Performance, Diarrhea, and Fecal β-hemolytic Coliforms in Weanling Pigs Experimentally Infected with a Pathogenic E. coli
Authors: Kim Kwangwook , He Yijie , Jinno Cynthia , Yang Seijoo , Li Xunde , Bravo David , Cox Eric , Liu Yanhong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to investigate dietary supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer on growth performance, diarrhea, and fecal β-hemolytic coliforms of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic F18 Escherichia coli (E. coli). Forty-eight pigs (7.23 ± 1.11 kg BW) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of four treatments with 12 replicate pigs per treatment. The four dietary treatments were a nursery basal diet (control), and 3 additional diets supplemented with 50 mg/kg Mecadox (AGP), 10 or 20 mg/kg of oligosaccharide-based polymer. The experiment lasted 18 d [7 d before and 11 d after the first inoculation (d 0)]. The doses of F18 E. coli inoculum were 1010 cfu/3 mL oral dose daily for 3 days. Growth performance was measured on d -7 to 0 before inoculation, and d 0 to 5 and 5 to 11 post-inoculation (PI). Diarrhea score (DS; 1, normal, to 5, watery diarrhea) was daily recorded for each pig. Fecal samples were collected on d 2, 5, 8, and 11 PI to test the percentage of β-hemolytic coliforms in total coliforms. All data were analyzed by ANOVA using the PROC MIXED of SAS with pig as the experimental unit. Inclusion of oligosaccharide-based polymer linearly increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADFI on d 0 to 5 PI, and feed efficiency on d 0 to 5 PI and d 5 to 11 PI (P = 0.07), compared with the control. Supplementation of AGP or oligosaccharide-based polymer reduced (P &lt; 0.01) frequency of diarrhea of pigs from d 0 to 11 PI. No differences were observed in overall growth performance and percentage of fecal β-hemolytic coliforms on d 8 PI among pigs in AGP and oligosaccharide-based polymer treatments. In conclusion, supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhanced feed efficiency and reduced diarrhea of weaned pigs infected with a pathogenic E. coli.
188 Evaluation of Alternative Summer Feeding Strategies to Optimize Performance in High Lean Genetics Using Energy, Narasin and Phytonutrient Blend Individually, Or, in Combination
Authors: Knopf Brandon , Hanson Andrea , Silva Gustavo , Peterson Beau A , Soltwedel Kevin , Bible Megan , Sandberg Fredrik 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding medium energy diets together with feed ingredients (Narasin-Skycis, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN; Phytonutrient blend-LeanFuel, Furst-McNess Company, Freeport, IL) as compared to low and high energy diets in high lean genetics during the summer. A total of 1375 pigs (PIC 337×PIC 1050; average 32.92 kg) were used in the experiment and were randomly assigned within block to 1 of 5 treatments by weight and gender, and 5 diet phases were formulated to meet and exceed NRC 2012 requirements, and formulated to a constant Lysine:NE ratio using corn, soybean meal and fat as low-energy, 3307 kcal/kg ME (L), moderate-energy, 3362 kcal/kg (M) and high-energy, 3417 kcal/kg ME (H) diets, and the trial ran from 32.92 kg to slaughter. Treatments 1) L 2) H 3) M with 1135 g/ton of LeanFuel added from 81.65 kg onwards 4) M with 13.6 g/ton Narasin throughout 5) M with 13.6 g/ton Narasin throughout and LeanFuel added from 81.65 kg onwards. Data were analyzed using the PROC GLIMMIX of SAS with pen serving as the experimental unit and blocks included in random effects. There was no difference in removals (P = 0.934). There was no difference in ADG between L and H, but H improved G:F by 2.5% (P &lt; 0.01) as expected. ADG was intermediate for M+LF and M+Nar, with M+Nar+LF having a significantly greater ADG than both L and H by 4.8% for the overall period (P &lt; 0.01). Feed efficiency was significantly lower for H, M+LF, M+Nar and M+Nar+LF as compared to L, but there was no difference for G:F between H and M+LF, M+Nar and M+Nar+LF. Gain per pig was increased by M+Nar+LF by 5.1 kg and 4.5 kg over L and H, respectively (P &lt; 0.01). The combined use of Nar and LF offer an approach to supporting growth rate during the summer.
247 The Effect of Feeding Low Complexity Diets Contaminated with Deoxynivalenol and Supplemented with Nutramixtm or Fish Oil on Nursery Pig Growth Performance
Authors: Lariviere Elise Lafleur , Huber Lee-Anne , Zhu Cuilan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Three hundred twenty newly weaned pigs (6.7±0.3 kg BW) were used to determine the effect of low complexity diets contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON) and supplemented with NutraMixTM or fish oil on nursery pig growth performance. Pigs were randomly divided into 40 pens and assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments (n = 8): [1] high-complexity diet containing animal proteins (HC) or one of four low complexity diets with protein supplied only by corn and soybean meal with [2] no DON contamination (LC), or [3] DON contamination of 3 ppm without supplements (DON-), [4] with NutraMixTM supplementation (2 g/kg; DONNM), or [5] with fish oil supplementation (2.5%, as-fed; DONω3). Diets were fed over two phases (7 and 15 days, respectively) and a common phase III diet was fed to all pigs for 20 days. In phase I, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were not different between pigs fed the HC and LC diets, but were lower for pigs fed DONNM and DONω3(P &lt; 0.05). In phase II, pigs fed the DON- and DONω3 diets had lower ADG than LC (375 vs. 410 g/d; P &lt; 0.05) and lower ADFI than HC (452 vs. 519 g/d; P &lt; 0.05), while pigs fed DON- and DONω3 had greater G:F than those fed HC (0.83 vs. 0.78; P &lt; 0.05). The BW at the end of phase II were not different between HC and LC (13.0 kg), but tended to be less for DONω3 (12.6 kg; P = 0.084 and 0.079, respectively). In phase III and over the entire nursery period, there were no treatment effects on ADG, ADFI, G:F, or final BW (26.0±0.7 kg). Feeding low complexity diets contaminated with 3 ppm DON initially reduced growth performance, but pigs were still able to achieve BW not different from HC pigs at the end of the nursery period, regardless of supplementation.
264 Effects of Low Dietary Crude Protein Diets Containing Coarse Wheat Bran as an Alternative to Zinc Oxide in Nursery Pig Diets
Authors: Hammers Kelsey , Calderon Hilda I , Tokach Mike D , Woodworth Jason C , Goodband Robert D , Dritz Steve S , DeRouchey Joel M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of reduced crude protein (CP) in diets containing coarse wheat bran (CWB) without pharmacological levels of Zn (ZnO) on growth performance and fecal dry matter (DM) of nursery pigs. A total of 650 pigs (DNA 241′600; initially 6.6 kg), were used with 5 pigs/pen and 26 replicate pens/treatment. Pens were assigned to 1 of 5 treatments in a RCB design based on BW. Treatments were fed for 13-d, contained 4% CWB, and consisted of: 1) diet with pharmacological ZnO (2,000 mg/kg Zn) and 21% CP formulated to 1.35% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys; 2) a diet with 110 ppm added Zn and 21% CP (1.35% SID Lys); 3) a diet with 110 ppm added Zn formulated to 18% CP (1.20% SID Lys); 4) an 18% CP diet with 110 ppm added Zn formulated to 1.35% SID Lys by the addition of increased levels of feed grade amino acids; and 5) diet 4 with addition of non-essential amino acids (NEAA; glycine and glutamic acid). Data were analyzed using the lmer function in R. Overall, pigs fed 21% CP with ZnO had increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG compared to those fed 18% CP (1.35% SID Lys) with high levels of feed grade amino acids or those fed the reduced SID Lys (1.2%) diet. Gain-to-feed ratio was increased (P &lt; 0.05) for pigs fed 21% CP diets and those fed the 18% CP diet with NEAA compared to pigs fed 1.2% SID Lys and pigs fed high levels of feed grade amino acids. Fecal DM was increased (P &lt; 0.05) for pigs fed reduced SID Lys diet. In conclusion, reducing CP (subsequently SID Lys) in diets without ZnO decreased growth performance but increased fecal DM.
266 Growth Performance, Fecal Score, and Blood Immune Parameters of Nursery Pigs Challenged with Escherichia coli F18 Fed Canola Meal-based Diet
Authors: Hong Jinsu , Ariyibi Samuel , Scaria Joy , Dilberger-Lawson Steven , Francis David , Woyengo Tofuko A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Effects of dietary canola meal (CM) on growth performance, fecal score, and blood parameters of E. coli-challenged nursery pigs were investigated. Thirty-six pigs (initial body weight = 6.22 kg) weaned at 21 d of age were housed individually and fed 3 diets (12 replicates/diet) in randomized complete block design. The diets were corn-soybean meal-based diet without or with antibiotics (0.2% chlortetracycline and 0.2% tiamulin) or with CM (20%). The diets were fed in 2 phases; Phase 1: d 0 to 7, and Phase 2: d 7 to 21. Pigs were orally challenged with F18 strain of E. coli on d 7. Feed intake and body weight were measured on d 7, 14, and 21. Blood samples for measuring thyroid hormones were collected from each pig on d 7, 14, and 21. Blood samples for measuring white blood cells, immunoglobulins, and cytokine were collected on d 21. Fecal score was assessed daily. Dietary antibiotics increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG by 50%. Dietary SECM also increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG by 23%. Week 1 fecal score was unaffected by diet. However, during weeks 2 and 3, fecal score for diet with antibiotics was less (P &lt; 0.05) than that for basal diet or diet with CM, which did not differ in fecal score. During weeks 1 and 2, serum tetraiodothyronine level for diet with antibiotics was less (P &lt; 0.05) than that for basal diet or diet with CM, which did not differ in serum tetraiodothyronine level; week 3 serum tetraiodothyronine level was unaffected by diet. White blood cell count was reduced (P &lt; 0.05) by dietary antibiotics, and tended to be reduced (P = 0.087) by dietary CM. In conclusion, dietary CM increased ADG and tended to reduce white blood cell count. Thus, dietary CM at 20% may improve the performance of pigs challenged with E. coli F18 partly by decreasing immune response.