bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward applications of near-field radiative heat transfer with micro-hotplates
Authors: Marconot Olivier , Juneau-Fecteau Alexandre , Fréchette Luc G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBringing bodies close together at sub-micron distances can drastically enhance radiative heat transfer, leading to heat fluxes greater than the blackbody limit set by Stefan–Boltzmann law. This effect, known as near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT), has wide implications for thermal management in microsystems, as well as technological applications such as direct heat to electricity conversion in thermophotovoltaic cells. Here, we demonstrate NFRHT from microfabricated hotplates made by surface micromachining of $$\hbox {SiO}_2$$

SiO
2

/$$\hbox {SiN}$$
SiN
thin films deposited on a sacrificial amorphous Si layer. The sacrificial layer is dry etched to form wide membranes ($${100}\,\upmu \hbox {m} \times {100}\,\upmu \hbox {m}$$

100

μ
m
×
100

μ
m

) separated from the substrate by nanometric distances. Nickel traces allow both resistive heating and temperature measurement on the micro-hotplates. We report on two samples with measured gaps of $${610}\,\hbox {nm}$$

610

nm

and $${280}\,\hbox {nm}$$

280

nm

. The membranes can be heated up to $${250}\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$

250

∘

C

under vacuum with no mechanical damage. At $${120}\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$

120

∘

C

we observed a 6.4-fold enhancement of radiative heat transfer compared to far-field emission for the smallest gap and a 3.5-fold enhancement for the larger gap. Furthermore, the measured transmitted power exhibits an exponential dependence with respect to gap size, a clear signature of NFRHT. Calculations of photon transmission probabilities indicate that the observed increase in heat transfer can be attributed to near-field coupling by surface phonon-polaritons supported by the $$\hbox {SiO}_2$$

SiO
2

films. The fabrication process presented here, relying solely on well-established surface micromachining technology, is a key step toward integration of NFRHT in industrial applications.
Inferring the ecological niche of bat viruses closely related to SARS-CoV-2 using phylogeographic analyses of Rhinolophus species
Authors: Hassanin Alexandre , Tu Vuong Tan , Curaudeau Manon , Csorba Gabor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causal agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To date, viruses closely related to SARS-CoV-2 have been reported in four bat species: Rhinolophus acuminatus, Rhinolophus affinis, Rhinolophus malayanus, and Rhinolophus shameli. Here, we analysed 343 sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (CO1) from georeferenced bats of the four Rhinolophus species identified as reservoirs of viruses closely related to SARS-CoV-2. Haplotype networks were constructed in order to investigate patterns of genetic diversity among bat populations of Southeast Asia and China. No strong geographic structure was found for the four Rhinolophus species, suggesting high dispersal capacity. The ecological niche of bat viruses closely related to SARS-CoV-2 was predicted using the four localities in which bat viruses were recently discovered and the localities where bats showed the same CO1 haplotypes than virus-positive bats. The ecological niche of bat viruses related to SARS-CoV was deduced from the localities where bat viruses were previously detected. The results show that the ecological niche of bat viruses related to SARS-CoV2 includes several regions of mainland Southeast Asia whereas the ecological niche of bat viruses related to SARS-CoV is mainly restricted to China. In agreement with these results, human populations in Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand appear to be much less affected by the COVID-19 pandemic than other countries of Southeast Asia. In the climatic transitional zone between the two ecological niches (southern Yunnan, northern Laos, northern Vietnam), genomic recombination between highly divergent viruses is more likely to occur. Considering the limited data and the risk of recombinant bat-CoVs emergence as the source of new pandemics in humans, the bat populations in these regions should be under surveillance.
From head micro-motions towards CSF dynamics and non-invasive intracranial pressure monitoring
Authors: Mládek Arnošt , Gerla Václav , Šeba Petr , Kolář Vladimír , Skalický Petr , Whitley Helen , Lhotská Lenka , Beneš Vladimír , Bradáč Ondřej 
Published: July 2021

AbstractContinuous monitoring of the intracranial pressure (ICP) is essential in neurocritical care. There are a variety of ICP monitoring systems currently available, with the intraventricular fluid filled catheter transducer currently representing the “gold standard”. As the placement of catheters is associated with the attendant risk of infection, hematoma formation, and seizures, there is a need for a reliable, non-invasive alternative. In the present study we suggest a unique theoretical framework based on differential geometry invariants of cranial micro-motions with the potential for continuous non-invasive ICP monitoring in conservative traumatic brain injury (TBI) treatment. As a proof of this concept, we have developed a pillow with embedded mechanical sensors and collected an extensive dataset (> 550 h on 24 TBI coma patients) of cranial micro-motions and the reference intraparenchymal ICP. From the multidimensional pulsatile curve we calculated the first Cartan curvature and constructed a ”fingerprint” image (Cartan map) associated with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. The Cartan map features maxima bands corresponding to a pressure wave reflection corresponding to a detectable skull tremble. We give evidence for a statistically significant and patient-independent correlation between skull micro-motions and ICP time derivative. Our unique differential geometry-based method yields a broader and global perspective on intracranial CSF dynamics compared to rather local catheter-based measurement and has the potential for wider applications.
Cell type-specific roles of PAR1 in Coxsackievirus B3 infection
Authors: Bode Michael F. , Schmedes Clare M. , Egnatz Grant J. , Bharathi Vanthana , Hisada Yohei M. , Martinez David , Kawano Tomohiro , Weithauser Alice , Rosenfeldt Leah , Rauch Ursula , Palumbo Joseph S. , Antoniak Silvio , Mackman Nigel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProtease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is widely expressed in humans and mice, and is activated by a variety of proteases, including thrombin. Recently, we showed that PAR1 contributes to the innate immune response to viral infection. Mice with a global deficiency of PAR1 expressed lower levels of CXCL10 and had increased Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis compared with control mice. In this study, we determined the effect of cell type-specific deletion of PAR1 in cardiac myocytes (CMs) and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) on CVB3-induced myocarditis. Mice lacking PAR1 in either CMs or CFs exhibited increased CVB3 genomes, inflammatory infiltrates, macrophages and inflammatory mediators in the heart and increased CVB3-induced myocarditis compared with wild-type controls. Interestingly, PAR1 enhanced poly I:C induction of CXCL10 in rat CFs but not in rat neonatal CMs. Importantly, activation of PAR1 reduced CVB3 replication in murine embryonic fibroblasts and murine embryonic cardiac myocytes. In addition, we showed that PAR1 reduced autophagy in murine embryonic fibroblasts and rat H9c2 cells, which may explain how PAR1 reduces CVB3 replication. These data suggest that PAR1 on CFs protects against CVB3-induced myocarditis by enhancing the anti-viral response whereas PAR1 on both CMs and fibroblasts inhibits viral replication.
Characterize traction–separation relation and interfacial imperfections by data-driven machine learning models
Authors: Ferdousi Sanjida , Chen Qiyi , Soltani Mehrzad , Zhu Jiadeng , Cao Pengfei , Choi Wonbong , Advincula Rigoberto , Jiang Yijie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInterfacial mechanical properties are important in composite materials and their applications, including vehicle structures, soft robotics, and aerospace. Determination of traction–separation (T–S) relations at interfaces in composites can lead to evaluations of structural reliability, mechanical robustness, and failures criteria. Accurate measurements on T–S relations remain challenging, since the interface interaction generally happens at microscale. With the emergence of machine learning (ML), data-driven model becomes an efficient method to predict the interfacial behaviors of composite materials and establish their mechanical models. Here, we combine ML, finite element analysis (FEA), and empirical experiments to develop data-driven models that characterize interfacial mechanical properties precisely. Specifically, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) multi-output regressions and classifier models are harnessed to investigate T–S relations and identify the imperfection locations at interface, respectively. The ML models are trained by macroscale force–displacement curves, which can be obtained from FEA and standard mechanical tests. The results show accurate predictions of T–S relations (R2 = 0.988) and identification of imperfection locations with 81% accuracy. Our models are experimentally validated by 3D printed double cantilever beam specimens from different materials. Furthermore, we provide a code package containing trained ML models, allowing other researchers to establish T–S relations for different material interfaces.
Efficient water desalination with graphene nanopores obtained using artificial intelligence
Authors: Wang Yuyang , Cao Zhonglin , Barati Farimani Amir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTwo-dimensional nanomaterials, such as graphene, have been extensively studied because of their outstanding physical properties. Structure and topology of nanopores on such materials can be important for their performances in real-world engineering applications, like water desalination. However, discovering the most efficient nanopores often involves a very large number of experiments or simulations that are expensive and time-consuming. In this work, we propose a data-driven artificial intelligence (AI) framework for discovering the most efficient graphene nanopore for water desalination. Via a combination of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and convolutional neural network (CNN), we are able to rapidly create and screen thousands of graphene nanopores and select the most energy-efficient ones. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on promising AI-created graphene nanopores show that they have higher water flux while maintaining rival ion rejection rate compared to the normal circular nanopores. Irregular shape with rough edges geometry of AI-created pores is found to be the key factor for their high water desalination performance. Ultimately, this study shows that AI can be a powerful tool for nanomaterial design and screening.
Selective therapeutic strategy for p53-deficient cancer by targeting dysregulation in DNA repair
Authors: Zonneville Justin , Wang Moyi , Alruwaili Mohammed M. , Smith Brandon , Melnick Megan , Eng Kevin H. , Melendy Thomas , Park Ben Ho , Iyer Renuka , Fountzilas Christos , Bakin Andrei V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBreast carcinomas commonly carry mutations in the tumor suppressor p53, although therapeutic efforts to target mutant p53 have previously been unfruitful. Here we report a selective combination therapy strategy for treatment of p53 mutant cancers. Genomic data revealed that p53 mutant cancers exhibit high replication activity and express high levels of the Base-Excision Repair (BER) pathway, whereas experimental testing showed substantial dysregulation in BER. This defect rendered accumulation of DNA damage in p53 mutant cells upon treatment with deoxyuridine analogues. Notably, inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) greatly enhanced this response, whereas normal cells responded with activation of the p53-p21 axis and cell cycle arrest. Inactivation of either p53 or p21/CDKN1A conferred the p53 mutant phenotype. Preclinical animal studies demonstrated a greater anti-neoplastic efficacy of the drug combination (deoxyuridine analogue and PARP inhibitor) than either drug alone. This work illustrates a selective combination therapy strategy for p53 mutant cancers that will improve survival rates and outcomes for thousands of breast cancer patients.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 22A-3-induced TGF-β1 secretion from intestinal epithelial cells stimulated CD103+ DC and Foxp3+ Treg differentiation and amelioration of colitis in mice
Authors: Lamubol Jarukan , Ohto Nobuaki , Kuwahara Hiroshige , Mizuno Masashi 
Published: July 2021

LP22A3 induced TGF-β1 secretion from IECs of the small intestine through TLR2, and resulted in the promotion of Foxp3+ Treg and CD103+ DC population, which secreted anti-inflammatory cytokines providing a protective condition in the intestine.
Forward Digit Span and Word Familiarity Do Not Correlate With Differences in Speech Recognition in Individuals With Cochlear Implants After Accounting for Auditory Resolution
Authors: Bosen Adam K. , Sevich Victoria A. , Cannon Shauntelle A. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
In individuals with cochlear implants, speech recognition is not associated with tests of working memory that primarily reflect storage, such as forward digit span. In contrast, our previous work found that vocoded speech recognition in individuals with normal hearing was correlated with performance on a forward digit span task. A possible explanation for this difference across groups is that variability in auditory resolution across individuals with cochlear implants could conceal the true relationship between speech and memory tasks. Here, our goal was to determine if performance on forward digit span and speech recognition tasks are correlated in individuals with cochlear implants after controlling for individual differences in auditory resolution.

Method
We measured sentence recognition ability in 20 individuals with cochlear implants with Perceptually Robust English Sentence Test Open-set sentences. Spectral and temporal modulation detection tasks were used to assess individual differences in auditory resolution, auditory forward digit span was used to assess working memory storage, and self-reported word familiarity was used to assess vocabulary.

Results
Individual differences in speech recognition were predicted by spectral and temporal resolution. A correlation was found between forward digit span and speech recognition, but this correlation was not significant after controlling for spectral and temporal resolution. No relationship was found between word familiarity and speech recognition. Forward digit span performance was not associated with individual differences in auditory resolution.

Conclusions
Our findings support the idea that sentence recognition in individuals with cochlear implants is primarily limited by individual differences in working memory processing, not storage. Studies examining the relationship between speech and memory should control for individual differences in auditory resolution.
Test methodology for validation of multi‐frequency models of renewable energy generators using small‐signal perturbations
Authors: Nouri Behnam , Kocewiak Łukasz , Shah Shahil , Koralewicz Przemyslaw , Gevorgian Vahan , Sørensen Poul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProviding trustworthy and accurate multi‐frequency (or harmonic) models for renewable energy generators (REG) is an ongoing challenge for harmonic studies. There have been effective attempts to propose and design a test device to validate the harmonic models, mainly based on shunt current perturbations. However, using additional devices for perturbations is costly for converter‐based test sites. This paper provides the test specifications to extend the application of the grid emulators for voltage perturbations and appropriate harmonic model validation. Besides, the effects of the sequence couplings, initial emissions, and power set‐points on the test results have been overlooked in the literature. Considering these effects, this paper proposes a generic test methodology to obtain more accurate models in the sequence domain. The experimental verification of the proposed methodology is demonstrated using a 7 MVA grid emulator for testing of a 2 MVA photo‐voltaic converter and a 2 MVA Type 3 wind turbine. This way, the test challenges, specifications, and recommendations are presented using the MW‐scale experiments on different REGs. Furthermore, the effects of sequence couplings and initial emissions on the calculation results are investigated and compared. The proposed methodology is applicable for harmonic model validation as well as empirical modelling.
Research regarding the common problems of design of the bunkers – A review
Authors: Petre Ancuta Alexandra , Stanciu Mariana Mădălina , Mihalache Dumitru Bogdan , Dumitru Dragoș 
Published: July 2021

Understanding the behavior of granular material in a bunker not only helps to design properly and achieve the correct granular flow, but also needs the engineer to ensure that the bunker is properly designed and conducted to withstand the tasks and demands exercised during its operation. Small and shallow bunkers are commonly used in industry when free space is limited. Shallow bunkers induce the flow of the funnel, which can cause problems such as segregation and agglomeration of the material inside it, which leads to considerable damage to the final product. The design and location of a suitable power supply and an appropriate outlet is still critical and is perceived rather as a science.
The paper presents some innovative solutions related to the design, modeling and construction of solid material storage and unloading bunkers.
Citizen monitoring promotes informed and inclusive forest governance in Liberia
Authors: Christensen Darin , Hartman Alexandra C. , Samii Cyrus 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Global forest conservation depends on decisions made in the rural, often poor communities that live next to the Earth’s remaining forests. These decisions often result in rapid deforestation. Coordinated with randomized experiments in five other countries, we evaluate a program that recruits and deploys citizens to monitor communal forestland in Liberia. By informing and mobilizing citizens, the program aims to address two potential governance problems: overuse due to common pool dilemmas and unaccountable leaders profiting from unwanted agribusiness or logging operations. We show that citizen monitoring corrects misconceptions about forest use, broadens participation in rule-making, increases accountability for chiefs (local leaders), and increases material benefits for households. We do not observe a decline in forest use.
The impact of childhood lead exposure on adult personality: Evidence from the United States, Europe, and a large-scale natural experiment
Authors: Schwaba Ted , Bleidorn Wiebke , Hopwood Christopher J. , Gebauer Jochen E. , Rentfrow P. Jason , Potter Jeff , Gosling Samuel D. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Childhood lead exposure causes lifelong psychological problems, which may be more extensive than previously thought. In a sample of over 1.5 million people, we found that US and European residents who grew up in areas with higher levels of atmospheric lead had less adaptive personality profiles in adulthood (lower conscientiousness, lower agreeableness, and higher neuroticism), even when accounting for socioeconomic status. These effects were driven by participants ages 20 to 39. In a natural experiment, reductions of leaded gasoline in the United States following the 1970 Clean Air Act corresponded with increases in psychologically healthy personality traits. These results suggest that even low-level lead exposure may adversely impact personality traits, harming the well-being, longevity, and economic prospects of millions of people.
The effects of footwear midsole longitudinal bending stiffness on running economy and ground contact biomechanics: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rodrigo‐Carranza Víctor , González‐Mohíno Fernando , Santos‐Concejero Jordan , González‐Ravé José María 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to address the effects of increased longitudinal bending stiffness (LBS) on running economy (RE) and running biomechanics. A systematic search on four electronic databases (Pubmed, WOS, Medline and Scopus) was conducted on 26 May 2021. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. Standardised mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CI) between footwear with increased LBS vs. non‐increased LBS conditions and effect sizes were calculated. To assess the potential effects of moderator variables (type and length plate, increased LBS, shoe mass and running speed) on the main outcome variable (i.e. RE), subgroup analyses were performed. Increased LBS improved RE (SMD = −0.43 [95% CI −0.58, −0.28], Z = 5.60, p < 0.001) compared to non‐increased LBS. Significant increases of stride length (SMD = 0.29 [95% CI 0.10, 0.49], Z = 2.93, p = 0.003) and contact time (SMD = 0.17 [95% CI 0.03, 0.31], Z = 2.32, p = 0.02) were found when LBS was increased. RE improved to a greater degree at higher running speeds with footwear with increased LBS. RE improved 3.45% with curve plate compared to no‐plate condition without improvements with flat plate shoes. When shoe mass was matched between footwear with increased LBS vs. non‐increased LBS conditions, RE improved (3.15%). However, when shoe mass was not controlled (experimental condition with ∼35 grams extra), a significant small improvement was found. These RE improvements appear along with an increase of stride length and contact time. Shoe mass, type of plate (flat or curve) and running speed should be taken into consideration when designing a shoe aimed at improving long‐distance running performance.
Forensic Profiling of Non-Volatile Organic Compounds in Soil using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lee Loong Chuen , Ishak Ab Aziz , Nai Eyan Ameeta A/P , Zakaria Anas Fahmi , Kharudin Nurul Syahiera , Noor Nor Azman Mohd 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSoil is of particular interest to the forensic community because it can be used as valuable associative evidence to link a suspect to a victim or a crime scene. Liquid chromatography is a powerful analytical tool for organic compound analysis. Recently, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has proven to be an efficient method for forensic soil analysis, especially in discriminating soils from proximity locations. However, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), which is much more sensitive than HPLC, has never been explored in this context. This study proposed a UPLC method for profiling non-volatile organic compounds in three Malaysian soils (red, brown and yellowish-brown soils). The three soils were analysed separately to assess the effects of individual chromatographic parameters: (a) elution programme (isocratic vs. two gradient programmes); (b) flow rate (0.1 vs. 0.2 mL/min); (c) extraction solvent (acetonitrile vs. methanol) and (d) detection wavelength (230 vs. 254 nm). The injection volume and total run time were set to 5 µL and 35 min, respectively. Consequently, each soil sample gave 24 different chromatograms. Results showed that the most desirable chromatographic parameters were (a) isocratic elution; (b) flow rate at 0.2 mL/min and (c) acetonitrile extraction solvent. The proposed UPLC system is expected to be a feasible method for profiling non-volatile organic compounds in soil, and is more chemical-efficient than a comparable HPLC system. Key PointsUPLC is a chemical-efficient analytical method for profiling non-volatile organic compounds in soil.Mobile phase rich in acetonitrile promotes separation of non-volatile organic compounds in soil.Isocratic elution is more desirable than gradient elution in producing a high-quality chromatogram.