bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opposing effects of thyroid hormones on cancer risk: a population-based study
Authors: Krashin Eilon , Silverman Barbara , Steinberg David M , Yekutieli Daniel , Giveon Shmuel , Fabian Offer , Hercbergs Aleck , Davis Paul J , Ellis Martin , Ashur-Fabian Osnat 
Published: January 2021

Objective
The association between dysregulated thyroid hormone function and cancer risk is inconclusive, especially among different age groups and uncommon malignancies. We sought to determine the relation of TSH and free T4 levels with overall cancer risk as well as risk of specific cancer types.

Design and methods
Data on thyroid hormone profile was collected from 375 635 Israeli patients with no prior history of cancer. Cancer cases were identified via the Israel National Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess hazard ratios for overall cancer as well as 20 cancer subgroups.

Results
In this study, 23 808 cases of cancer were detected over median follow up of 10.9 years. Among patients younger than 50 at inclusion, TSH in the hyperthyroid range, elevated free T4 and subclinical hyperthyroidism were associated with increased cancer risk (HR: 1.3, 1.28 and 1.31, respectively). In contrast, patients 50 or older with clinical hyperthyroidism were at lower cancer risk (HR: 0.64). Elevated TSH was associated with decreased risk of prostate cancer (HR: 0.67). Log-TSH elevation was associated with decreased risk of thyroid cancer (HR: 0.82) and increased risk of melanoma (HR: 1.11) and uterine cancer (HR: 1.27). Elevated free T4 was associated with increased lung cancer risk (HR: 1.54), while free T4 levels above the normal range and clinical hyperthyroidism were related to lower colorectal cancer risk (HR: 0.59 and 0.08, respectively).

Conclusions
Thyroid hormones display opposing effects on cancer risk, based on patient age and cancer type.
Is C Reactive Protein a Risk Indicator for Periodontal Disease?
Authors: Rojas González Gisella , Silva de la Fuente Sandra 
Published: January 2021

Periodontitis is an inflammatory multifactorial chronic disease, caused by microorganisms that destroys periodontal tissues. In the last years, several studies have described an association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This relationship has been made since both diseases share the same risk factors and they both increase C reactive proteins levels. C-reactive protein (C-RP) is a well-known inflammatory marker. This study was designed to try to stablish the relationship between C-RP levels and periodontitis in a group of patients that need periodontal treatment at Odontology Faculty in Universidad de Costa Rica. Periodontal examinations were done to 30 patients and blood samples were taken. The mean value of C-RP found was 3.72mg/L (IC95%: 2.06-5.38) which represents a medium-high risk level. 54% of the patients had generalized chronic periodontitis, without statistical difference when compared gender (p=0.416) or age (p=0.477). 43% had chronic localized periodontitis and 3% gingivitis. Females showed a higher risk for cardiovascular disease (p=0.640). No statistical differences were found between C-RP values relating gender, age or other comorbilities, even though mean values were always higher in those suffering metabolic diseases (5.5mg/L) compared to those values from patients not suffering the same diseases (2.7mg/L).
What Should Students Pay for University Course Readings? An Empirical, Economic, and Legal Analysis
Authors: Willinsky John , Baron Catherine 
Published: January 2021

In the context of the significant court battles that are being fought over the potential copyright infringement involved in distributing the articles and excerpts assigned to students in university courses, this study analyzes 3,391 course syllabuses (2015-2020) from nine provinces and 34 universities across Canada. It identifies the types and proportions of required readings among academic and non-academic sources. Academic readings are assigned on 26.6 percent of the syllabuses, compared to 8.3 percent of syllabuses for media articles and trade book chapters. Among the assigned readings, journal articles lead the list (with 54.3% of all readings), compared to scholarly book chapters (33.5%), media articles (6.0%), and trade book chapters (6.3%). The social sciences lead in the assignment of journal articles and the humanities in trade book chapters, while science was least likely to have assigned readings of any type. The study also found that textbooks are required on a majority of syllabuses (66.0%), with only minor differences in this proportion across science, social sciences, and humanities. The data enable a further analysis at the page level of what the average student is asked to read annually, which, at the Access Copyright current tariff of $14.31 (approved by the Canadian Copyright Board), amounts to a $0.021 per page. This rate is applied in a proposed new “three-step syllabus rule” that avoids double-charging students for academic materials (90.1% of readings by pages), while fairly compensating professional authors and their publishers (9.9%), with the data analyzed here suggesting a $1.40 annual charge per student for their assigned readings. Version 2 of this preprint contains an appendix setting out how the Open Syllabus Project can be used with the three-step syllabus rule.
Neo-Classical Criticism of the Ode for Music
Authors: Myers Robert Manson 
Published: January 2021

The power of music all our hearts allow,And what Timotheus was is Dryden now.—Alexander Pope, An Essay on CriticismAugustan England was no nest of singing birds. An age of prose and reason found small predilection forthose melodious bursts that fillThe spacious times of great ElizabethWith sounds that echo still.
The Contrarieties: Wordsworth's Dualistic Imagery
Authors: Smith Charles J. 
Published: January 2021

The “many movements” of a poet's mind are so various, the hiding-places of his power are so obscured, even to the poet himself, that any attempt toparcel outHis intellect by geometric rules,Split like a province into round and squareis very dangerous. Nevertheless, it is sometimes possible to generalize about a poet's mental or temperamental habits, and, if such habits are basic enough, an understanding of them may throw new light on his work. In Wordsworth, a pattern of basic habits of thinking and feeling unfolds itself in a kind of dualism: Wordsworth had a very strong habit of thinking in terms of paired opposites or contrarieties. Everywhere, in nature, in individual man and in society, he saw a constant interplay of opposing forces. These contrarieties were a characteristic manifestation of his mind. They found expression spontaneously in hundreds of images which are too short, too obviously unpremeditated to have been the result of conscious thought. Such images are, rather, an unconscious expression of a habitual turn of mind.
Linear Modification
Authors: Bolinger Dwight L. 
Published: January 2021

[Elements as they are added one by one to form a sentence progressively limit the semantic range of all that has preceded. This causes beginning elements to have a wider semantic range than elements toward the end. The concept of linear modification thus developed knits together a number of otherwise heterogeneous manifestations of sentence order in English, and provides a plausible theory of adjective position.]The linear geometry of the sentence imposes certain relationships upon the elements that compose it. These relationships are conveniently expressed as dichotomies. Two dichotomies are, figuratively, spatial: they are contiguous versus separate (A is next to B or is distant from B) and within versus without (A is contained within B or is outside B). Two dichotomies are temporal : first versus last and before versus after. While it does not follow that any of these pairs necessarily has linguistic importance, given their location at the very foundation of sentence structure it would be strange if they had not been seized upon for some use in communication. I think it can be shown that all of them have, probably in all languages, though I am concerned here only with the last two, the temporal dichotomies, and even with these, only in two languages.
The Pure Flame
Authors: Hatcher Harlan 
Published: January 2021

“Life is a pure flame, and we live by an invisible sun within us.”This sentence, better than any I know, goes to the heart of letters. It defines the personal and professional quest which inspires us day by day, and brings us together in this Association year by year. It is the continuing wonder of man that the pure flame of his life is bound up in words. His greatest moments require the shape of the right words in the right order to be recognized and given meaning. Until they are uttered and recorded, the moment, the experience, is fragmentary and illusory. Emerson spoke of Shakespeare as “the man who carries the Saxon race in him.” It was no exaggeration. He said so much so simply that other men of lesser insight or gift of words have unanimously nodded their heads in agreement and offered their thanks. What they had sharply or dimly felt was given form and meaning. Henceforth it was.
Telecolaboración y desarrollo efectivo de competencias de comunicación intercultural en el aula de español para fines económicos y comerciales / Telecollaboration and effective intercultural competence development in Business Spanish Foreign Language
Authors: Gómez García Luis Vicente , Morales-Robles Elva , Morgado Margarida 
Published: January 2021

This paper describes a didactic experience aimed at developing one the most requested competences in work environments, namely intercultural communicative competence (ICC) in Business Spanish Foreign Language (BSFL), which was developed through student collaboration (telecollaboration) in two European Higher Education Area (EHEA) institutions.
In the framework of the Erasmus + project ICCAGE: Intercultural Communicative Competences: An Advantage for Global Employability (http://iccageproject.wixsite.com/presentation), a didactic unit called "European commercial tandem" was created, piloted and implemented in parallel at the Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco (Portugal) and at the Budapest Business School (Hungary) during the academic year 2016-2017. The aim of this unit was to have students create, through cooperative ICT-assisted tasks, a webpage in Spanish for an international company.
Barriers for nurse participation in multidisciplinary ward rounds: An integrative review
Authors: Zamanzadeh Vahid , Orujlu Samira , Beykmirza Raziyeh , Ghofrani Marjan 
Published: January 2021

Background & Aim: The purpose of this integrative literature review was to find, critically evaluate, and describe publications about barriers against nurse participation and collaboration in multidisciplinary ward rounds. Although multidisciplinary ward rounds are the right place for doctors and nurses to communicate, nurses’ attendance in these rounds is missed. The nurses' absence at the multidisciplinary ward rounding has negative effects on the patients, their relatives, other team members, and their care.
Methods: A systematic approach to searching, screening, and analyzing the literature was applied. The original and review papers were used. This study was an integrative review based on Whittemore and Knafl’s framework. Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Magiran, and SID were searched by time limitation for ten years (2009-2019). The search was conducted between February 2019–March 2019. The language was limited to English and Persian.
Results: After duplicate removal, title, and abstract review, 63 papers remained. After full-text control, finally, 7 papers chased for this review. Barriers for rounding were divided into 4 main categories: time limitation, reluctance to participate, ineffective communication, and infrastructure and administration. Nurse time limitation, feeling not being valued by medicines, lack of standard and structure, and nurse unawareness from time of round are the most repeated barriers.
Conclusion: Barriers may need to be removed until nurse participation in multidisciplinary ward rounds improves. Some study needs to take place about this issue in Iran to identify the situation, facilitators, and barriers specific to our country. Based on them, a relevant intervention can be chased.
Evaluation of SF-36 Questionnaire Dimensions in Quality of Life of Postmenopausal Women Referring to Yazd City Health Centers in 2019
Authors: Fallahzadeh Hossein , Balanian Sahar , Morovati Sharifabad Mohammad Ali 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Menopause can have negative effects on the quality of life of postmenopausal women. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of post-menopausal women in Yazd City, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 postmenopausal women over 50 years of age in Yazd. The standard SF-36 quality of life questionnaire was used to collect the data. The mean score of quality of life was calculated for the postmenopausal women in different domains based on their age, education, menopausal age, and number of children. Furthermore, the effect of participants’ age, education, menopausal age, and number of children was studied on the questionnaire domains and the mean menopausal age.
Results: The participants’ mean age was 62±5/198 years and the mean age of menopause was 54±4/419years. Life expectancy had a significant relationship with education variables, BMI, and number of children, but it had no significant relationship with occupation and age at menopause. The variables of education, employment, and BMI had a direct and significant relationship with the mean age of menopause, but the number of children did not show a significant relationship with the mean age of menopause.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, postmenopausal women were at an undesirable level in terms of physical health and social vitality. The information collected through this study can help the authorities to plan appropriate programs and take measures to improve the quality of life in these women.
The Effectiveness of Pattern of Quranic - Narration of Hope Therapy with Integrated Monotheistic Treatment Approach on Life Expectancy in Students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical of Yazd
Authors: Hakimzadeh Ardekani Ali , Fallah Mohammad Hossein , Vaziri Saeed , Asi Mozneb Abolghasem 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Recently, positive thinking and having a hopeful outlook on life have been considered as one of the most effective treatments for mental illness, especially hopelessness and depression among Western psychologists and humanities scientists. In this regard, monotheistic integrated treatment showed a good effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the Quranic-narrative model of hope therapy with the approach of integrated monotheistic treatment on the life expectancy of students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd.
Method: In this quasi-experimental study, a sample of 30 people was selected from all students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd by convenience sampling. The participants were divided into two groups randomly (each group had 15 members). The group-counseling course was conducted in 5 sessions for the experimental group. To collect the data, Islamic Hope Scale of the Khalilian Shalamzari, Jandaghi, and Pasandideh (2013) was used. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance test.
Results: The Quranic-narrative model of hope therapy using the integrated monotheistic treatment approach (in the form of group counseling) can be an effective treatment method on the life expectancy of students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd.
Conclusion: The effect size coefficient showed that 89% of the difference between the experimental and control groups was related to the experimental intervention (P <0.000). The value of F indicated that the dimensions of life expectancy (purpose, effort, means, support, barriers to hope, relationship between person and support, and solution) increased in the experimental group at the significant level of α=0.05.
Comparison between Efficiency of Poisson Regression Model and Negative Binomial Regression in the Analysis of Factors Affecting Mortality from Cardiovascular Diseases in Yazd Province in 2017
Authors: Mirjani Arjenan Mohammad , Askarshahi Mohsen , Vakili Mahmud 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Despite the advances in cardiovascular diseases, death caused by these diseases is still considered as the leading cause of mortality. In this study, some of the effective factors on the deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases were investigated
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study investigated the efficacy of Poisson regression models and negative binomial regression models on factors affecting mortality from cardiovascular diseases. The death data were extracted from the death registration system for Yazd province in 2017.Gender, age, education, occupation, location, and city of death were also extracted for each deceased. The two regression models were then fitted to the data
Results: A total of 5,015 deaths were recorded, of which 1,642 were due to cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular disease mortality rates were significant using negative binomial regression in terms of the educational variables, place of residence, type of residence, and age. Death rates caused by cardiovascular diseases were not significant for age and occupational, educational, and residential variables.
Conclusion: If the time of death is considered as an offset variable, the regression model of two negative sentences is more effective in showing the factors affecting death due to cardiovascular diseases according to AIC and BIC criteria. In the case that the total number of deaths is considered as the offset variable, the Poisson regression model is more efficient.
Assessment of Elementary Schools in District Three of Tehran based on the Sustainable School Indicators
Authors: Naeimi Shirmard Alireza , Sadeghian HosseinAli , Ghaneian Mohammad Taghi , Jambarsang Sara , Meiboudi Hossein , Hejazi Shirmard Mahnaz 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Due to the climate changes and reduction of energy resources, the human-made environment and buildings should be more sustainable and use less levels of energy. In this regard, optimizing energy consumption and utilizing sustainable architecture approaches, especially in schools, can do a great help to the growth and development. The aim of the present study was to evaluate elementary schools in district three of Tehran based on indicators of sustainable schools.
Methods: This descriptive-cross sectional study included all elementary state schools in district three of Tehran in 2018. In this way, 28 schools were evaluated. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire containing 14 sub-criteria in terms of engineering-architectural and behavioral criteria. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests by SPSS 23.
Results: Findings of the research showed that most (82.1%) elementary schools of district three of Tehran are second-grade green schools and only 17.9% are first-grade. No significant relationships were found between the school officials’ concern about environmental issues with the school’s sustainability score.
Conclusion: Elementary schools in district three of Tehran are at a relatively desired status based on the indicators of sustainability, but given the importance of designing ecosystem-compatible educational spaces, more attention should be paid to the design of schools based on the sustainability index.
Effect of preparation method in the properties of iron oxide catalysts for fenton reaction
Authors: Barbosa Fabiana Maria , Martins Andre Rosa 
Published: January 2021

This work discusses methods of preparing iron oxide for the Fenton reaction, using methylene blue as a model molecule. The solids were prepared by precipitation, complexation, combustion, and decomposition and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, specific surface area measurement and were evaluated for methylene blue removal. The method influenced the structural and surface properties of the solids, and consequently the catalytic performance of the solids. The solid prepared by precipitation showed the highest area, amorphous phase, and the best performance in the adsorption test. On the other hand, the combustion method favored the formation of hematite and traces of magnetite. The solid prepared by this method showed higher values of the methylene blue dye oxidation./Este trabalho discute métodos de preparação de óxido de ferro para a reação de Fenton, utilizando o azul de metileno como molécula modelo. Os sólidos foram preparados por precipitação, complexação, combustão e decomposição e caracterizados por espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier, difração de raios-X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raios-X, medição de área superficial específica e foram avaliados para remoção de azul de metileno. O método influenciou as propriedades estruturais e superficiais dos sólidos e, consequentemente, o desempenho catalítico dos sólidos. O sólido preparado por precipitação apresentou a maior área, fase amorfa e melhor desempenho no teste de adsorção. Por outro lado, o método de combustão favoreceu a formação de hematita e vestígios de magnetita. O sólido preparado por este método apresentou valores mais altos de oxidação do azul de metileno.
Modelos tridimensionais aplicados à engenharia de plataformas de petróleo offshore: Etapas de perfuração e riscos ambientais
Authors: Zampirolli Brian Siqueira , Marques Rodson de Abreu 
Published: January 2021

O petróleo é a principal fonte de energia do mundo atual capaz de abastecer um imenso mercado, movimentando grande parte da economia mundial. É um composto complexo, extraído por meio da perfuração de poços de exploração em terra ou em mar. No mar, o processo de extração possui maior complexidade, possuindo também um maior risco inerente ao meio ambiente. O trabalho conjunto associado ao desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias e de políticas públicas, permite a atividade ser menos impactante a cada dia. O presente trabalho integra modelos prévios e fornece novos modelos tridimensionais, de modo a permitir o detalhamento dos processos de extração de petróleo, associando os riscos ambientais às etapas de exploração, perfilagem, completação e produção e os mecanismos de controle e remediação de impactos.