bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut Microbiome-Based Diagnostic Model to Predict Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yang Hai-Tao , Xiu Wen-Juan , Liu Jing-Kun , Yang Yi , Zheng Ying-Ying , Hou Xian-Geng , Wu Ting-Ting , wu chengxin , Xie Xiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: In this study, our aim is to describe the intestinal microbiome structure of diabetes, and to establish a diagnostic model of diabetes mellitus based on intestinal microorganisms.Methods: The experimental group included 44 patients with diabetes, while the control group included 47 healthy patients without statistical differences in age, gender, smoking, drinking alcohol and other basic diseases after matching. Firstly, their population information, biochemical indicators, and stool samples were collected. Subsequently, the stool samples were conducted the next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of fecal bacteria.Results: In this study, there were significant differences in alpha-diversity and beta-diversity between the two groups. Moreover, the differences within the group were analyzed by Adnois, finding that R2=0.031 and P=0.001. Through the LEfSe differential bacteria analysis, it was found that the distribution of differential bacteria between the two groups was significantly abnormal. Among them, the abundances of the genus faecalibacterium, the genus Prevotella, and the genus Roseburia were higher in the diabetes group, while the abundances of the genus Shigella and the genus Bifidobacterium were lower. In the correlation analysis between bacteria and clinical indicators, it was found that the genus Veillonella and the genus unclassified_Enterobacteriaceae were negatively related to blood glucose, while the genus Phascolarctobacterium, the genus unidentified_Bacteroidales and the genus Prevotella were significantly positively correlated with fasting blood glucose. Through 10-fold cross-validation of the random forest model, a total of 12 microbial markers were detected, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 84.1%. Notably, we conducted the combined analysis on the intestinal microbial markers and clinical variables, and found that the AUC was 90.8 %.Conclusions: In this study, it was found that the host intestinal microorganisms could predict the occurrence of diabetes, and its predictive ability was no less than that of fasting blood sugar. It can be seen that the intestinal microorganisms are closely related to the occurrence and development of diabetes.
Comparative Analysis of Default Mode Networks in Major Psychiatric Disorders Using Resting-State EEG
Authors: Choi Kang-Min , Kim Jeong-Youn , Kim Yong-Wook , Han Jung-Won , Im Chang-Hwan , Lee Seung-Hwan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Default mode network (DMN) is a set of functional brain structures coherently activated when individuals are in resting-state. In this study, we constructed multi-frequency band resting-state EEG-based DMN functional network models for major psychiatric disorders to easily compare their pathophysiological characteristics. Phase-locking values (PLVs) were evaluated to quantify functional connectivity; global and nodal clustering coefficients (CCs) were evaluated to quantify global and local activities of DMN nodes, respectively. DMNs of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, schizophrenia (SZ), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were constructed relative to their demographically-matched healthy control groups. Overall DMN patterns were then visualized and compared with each other. In global CCs, SZ and AD showed hyperactivation in the theta band; OCD, MCI, and AD showed hypoactivation in the low-alpha band; OCD and MDD showed hypoactivation and hyperactivation in low-beta, and high-beta bands, respectively. In local CCs, disease-specific patterns were observed. In the PLVs, lowered theta-band functional connectivity between the left lingual gyrus and the left hippocampus was frequently observed. Our comprehensive comparisons suggest EEG-based DMN as a useful vehicle for understanding altered brain networks of major psychiatric disorders.
Indices Reflecting Muscle Contraction Performance During Exercise Based on a Combined Electromyography and Mechanomyography Approach
Authors: Fukuhara Shinichi , Kawashima Takaki , Oka Hisao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Electromyography (EMG) and mechanomyography (MMG) have been used to directly evaluate muscle function through the electromechanical aspect of muscle contraction. The purpose of this study was to establish new absolute indices to describe muscle contraction performance during dynamic exercise by combining EMG and displacement MMG (dMMG) measured simultaneously using our previously developed MMG/EMG hybrid transducer system. Study participants were eight healthy male non-athletes (controls) and eight male athletes. EMG and dMMG of the vastus medialis were measured for 30 s during four cycles of recumbent bicycle pedaling (30, 60, 90, and 120 W) and on passive joint movement. Total powers were calculated based on the time domain waveforms of both signals. Muscle contraction performance was verified with the slope of regression line (SRL) and the residual sum of squares (RSS) obtained from EMG and dMMG correlation. EMG and dMMG has increased with the work rate. Force and EMG were similar between groups, but dMMG showed a significant difference with load increase. Athletes had significantly higher SRL and significantly lower RSS than controls. The average value divided by SRL and RSS was higher in athletes than in controls. The indices presented by the combined approach of EMG and dMMG showed a clear contrast between the investigated groups and may be parameters that reflect muscle contraction performance during dynamic exercise.
Organic Carbon and Eukaryotic Predation Synergistically Change Resistance and Resilience of Aquatic Microbial Communities
Authors: Fang Wenwen , Liu Xiaokun , Mu Xing , Shi Jiangjian , Liang Zhiwei , Zheng Shengzhi , Tu Xiang , He Zhili , Wang Shanquan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With dramatic global rise of urbanization, anthropogenic activities alter aquatic ecosystems in urban rivers through inputs of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrients. Microorganisms play crucial roles in global biogeochemical element cycles, providing functions to sustain microbial ecology stability. The DOC (bottom-up control) and microbial predation (top-down control) may synergistically drive the competition and evolution of aquatic microbial communities, and their resistance and resilience, of which experimental evidences remain scarce. In this study, laboratory sediment-water column experiments were employed to mimic the organic carbon-driven water blackening and odorization process in urban rivers and to elucidate impacts of DOC on the microbial ecology stability. Results showed that low DOC (25-75 mg/L TOC) and high DOC (100-150 mg/L TOC) changed the aquatic microbial community assemblies in different patterns: (1) the low DOC enriched K-selection microorganisms (e.g., bacteria and predators) with low biomass and low resilience, as well as high resistance to perturbations in changing microbial community assemblies; (2) the high DOC was associated with r-selection microorganisms with high biomass and improved resilience, together with low resistance detrimental to microbial ecology stability. Overall, this study provided new insights into impacts of DOC on aquatic microbial ecology stability, which may guide sustainable urban river management.
The Association of Postprandial Triglyceride Variability with Renal Dysfunction and Microalbuminuria in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus A Retrospective and Observational Study.
Authors: Matsuoka-Uchiyama Natsumi , Uchida Haruhito A. , Okamoto Shugo , Onishi Yasuhiro , Katayama Katsuyoshi , Tsuchida-Nishiwaki Mariko , Takeuchi Hidemi , Takemoto Rika , Hada Yoshiko , Umebayashi Ryoko , Kurooka Naoko , Tsuji Kenji , Eguchi Jun , Nakajima Hirofumi , Shikata Kenichi , Wada Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: We aim to examine whether day-to-day variation of lipid profile, especially triglyceride (TG) variability, is associated with exacerbation of diabetic kidney disease.Methods: We conducted a retrospective and observational study. First, 527 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who checked estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) every 6 month since 2012 for longer than 5 years, were registered. Variability in postprandial TG was determined using standard deviation (SD), SD adjusted (Adj-SD) for the number of measurements, and maximum minus minimum difference (MMD) during the first 3-year follow up, respectively. The endpoint was 40% and more decline from baseline in eGFR, initiation of dialysis or death. Next, 181 patients who had no micro- nor macro-albuminuria in February 2013, were selected out of the 527 patients. The endpoint was the incidence of micro-albuminuria, initiation of dialysis or death.Results: Among 527 participants, 110 participants reached 40% and more decline from baseline in eGFR, or death. Renal survival was lower in the higher SD, higher Adj-SD and higher MMD groups than in the lower SD, lower Adj-SD and lower MMD groups, respectively (Log-rank test p=0.0073, 0.0059 and 0.0195, respectively). Lower SD, lower Adj-SD, lower MMD were significantly associated with renal survival rate in the adjusted model (hazard ratio, 1.62, 1.66, 1.59; 95% confidence intervals, 1.05-2.53, 1.08-2.58, 1.04-2.47, respectively). Next, among 181 participants, 108 participants developed micro-albuminuria or death. The non-incidence of micro-albuminuria was lower in the higher SD, higher Adj-SD and higher MMD groups than in the lower SD, lower Adj-SD and lower MMD groups, respectively (Log-rank test p=0.0241, 0.0352, and 0.0474, respectively). Conclusions: Postprandial TG variability is a novel risk factor for eGFR decline and incidence of micro-albuminuria in patients with type 2 DM.
Metagenomic Insights Into Co-Proliferation of Vibrio Spp. and Dinoflagellates Prorocentrum During A Spring Algal Bloom in the Coastal East China Sea Near Xiamen
Authors: Kim DaeHyun Daniel , Wan Lingling , Cao Xiuyun , Klisarova Daniela , Gerdzhikov Dimitar , Zhou Yiyong , Song Chunlei , Yoon Sukhwan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCoastal harmful algal blooms (HAB), commonly termed ‘Red tides’, have severe undesirable consequences to the marine ecosystems and local fishery and tourism industries. Increase in nitrogen and/or phosphate loading is often attributed as the major culprits of increasing frequency and intensity of the coastal HAB; however, fundamental understanding is lacking as to the causes and mechanism of bloom formation despite decades of intensive investigation.ResultsIn this study, we interrogated the prokaryotic microbiomes of surface water samples collected at two neighboring segments of East China Sea that contrast greatly in terms of the intensity and frequency of Prorocentrum-dominated HAB. Mantel tests identified significant correlations between the structural and functional composition of the microbiomes and the physicochemical state and the algal biomass density of the surface seawater, implying the possibility that prokaryotic microbiota may play key roles in coastal HAB. A conspicuous feature of the microbiomes at the sites characterized with high trophic state index and eukaryotic algal cell counts was disproportionate proliferation of Vibrio spp., and their complete domination of the functional genes attributable to the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) pathway significantly enriched at these sites. The genes attributed to phosphorus uptake function were also significantly enriched at these sites, presumably due to the Pi-deficiency induced by algal growth; however, the profiles of the phosphorus mineralization genes lacked consistency, barring any conclusive evidence with regard to contribution of prokaryotic microbiota to phosphorous bioavailability. The results of the co-occurrence network analysis performed with the core prokaryotic microbiome also supported that the observed proliferation of Vibrio and HAB may be causally associated.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest a previously unidentified association between Vibrio proliferation and the Prorocentrum-dominated HAB in the subtropical East China Sea, and opens a discussion regarding an unlikely, but still possible, involvement of Vibrio-mediated DNRA in Vibrio-Prorocentrum symbiosis. Further substantiation of this interaction with culture-based experiments may prove crucial for understanding of the dynamics of explosive local algal growth during HAB events endemic to the region.
Organic-Inorganic Fertilization Built Higher Stability of Soil And Root Microbial Networks Than Exclusive Mineral Or Organic Fertilization
Authors: Yang Luhua , Sun Renhua , Li Jungai , Zhai Limei , Cui Huiling , Fan Bingqian , Wang Hongyuan , Liu Hongbin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Integrated Scheme of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Delaying the Morbidity of HIV Infection: Study Protocol for a Multicentre, Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: DING XUE , Meng Pengfei , Ma Xiuxia , Wang Jiangrong , Chen Xin , Ma Chengjie , Xu Liran 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the incidence and mortality rates of which are high worldwide. In the late 1990s, highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) emerged; although it has been a long time of research on AIDS, there is still no vaccine cure. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) role in AIDS has been recognised and accepted by more patients, especially patients with asymptomatic HIV infection. Methods/Design: This trial will be conducted to enrol 216 eligible patients who will be randomised into the treatment and control groups. After 18 months of intervention, the efficacy and safety of TCM in patients with AIDS will be acquired. The results include clinical symptoms, TCM syndromes, viral load, immunological indicators, safety indicators, and other biological indicators.Discussion: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of TCM for asymptomatic AIDS and explore the plausible mechanism and provide reference for adopting this approach to retard the onset and control the progression of HIV/AIDS.Trial registration: ChiCTR1800018365, 13 Sep, 2018.
Antibiofilm and Anti-candidal Activity of Extract of the Marine Sponge Agelas Dispar
Authors: Júnior Antonio Carlos Vital , Pontes Marcela de Castro Nogueira Diniz , Barbosa Janaina Priscila , Höfling José Francisco , Araújo Renata Mendonça , Boniek Douglas , de Resende-Stoianoff Maria Aparecida , Andrade Vânia Sousa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the antifungal and antibiofilm activity of Agelas dispar on biofilm-producing of Candida species. Methanolic extract of A. dispar was obtained and the fraction Ag2 showed inhibitory activity for all the 13 Candida strains tested, in concentrations ranging from 2.5 mg/ml to 0.15625 mg/ml. Antifungal activity of fungicidal nature was seen between 5.0 mg/ml and 0.3125 mg/ml of extract against the strains. All strains were classified as biofilm producers. Methanolic extract Ag2 was tested at concentrations of 2.5 mg/ml and 1.25 mg/ml for antibiofilm activity against the biofilm in formation and mature biofilm from all the strains of the genus Candida. Treated and untreated biofilm samples were selected for visualization on Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). SEM allowed the visualization of the quantitative decrease of the microbial community, alterations of structural morphology and destruction, at the cellular level, in both forming and mature biofilm. It was suggested that the mechanism of action of the fraction is at a plasma membrane and/or cell wall alteration level. The fraction of methanolic extract of A. dispar may be a promising antifungal and antibiofilm therapeutic strategy against different species of the genus Candida.
Relationship between Cardiometabolic Risk and Physical Fitness in Young Girls with Aesthetic Professions
Authors: Lisboa Salime , Vieira Alexandra Vieira , Teodoro Juliana Lopes , Costa Rochelle , Boeno Franccesco Pinto , Farinha Juliano , Reischak-Oliveira Álvaro , Bracht Cláudia Gomes , Cunha Giovani dos Santos 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: In the literature, professions that impose body standards for daily performance are designated as non-conventional professions (i.e. models, athletes, ballet dancers), with great emphasis on the female population. More than a job, it becomes a lifestyle to those inserted in this environment, thus, thousands of children and adolescents seek the inclusion and success in these professions due to financial and media gains. Such professions are associated to several health-related risk factors. The purpose of this study was to identify whether there is a relationship between physical fitness levels, cardiometabolic health markers, mental health and dietary habits in non-conventional professions. Methods: The sample consisted of 41 female individuals aged between 14 and 24 years, divided in four groups, control group/ university students (UG=11), models (MG=11), ballet dancers (BG=11), and athletes group (AG=8). Physical fitness outcomes (cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, maximal dynamic strength, muscular endurance and body composition); biochemical outcomes (high density lipoprotein [HDL], low density lipoprotein [LDL], total cholesterol [TC], fasting glucose [FG], fasting insulin [FI], C-reactive protein [CRP]), diet quality and mental health were evaluated. Results: No impairments were observed in the health markers evaluated, both for health-related physical fitness and biochemical outcomes. Even with statistically significant differences between the groups for chronological age (p=0.002), menarche (p=0.004), career length (p=0.001), height (p=0.001), body mass index (p=0.018), waist-to-height ratio (p<0.001), %Fat (p=0.020), VO2peak (p=0.020), maximal dynamic strength of knee extensors (p=0.031) and elbow flexors (p=0,001) and flexibility (p<0.001), all these values are within the normal range for health. Conclusion: The professions analyzed do not seem to interfere in the physical and metabolic health of the girls assessed. However, regarding mental health, the evaluated age group was susceptible to depressive symptoms.
Clinical Trial to Analyze the Effect of Oral Intake of Phellinus Linteus(Sanghuang) Extract on Immune Function: A Study Protocol for a Randomized, Double-blind Controlled Trial
Authors: Ku Yong Ho , Lee Hyun , Ryu Hwa Yeon , Kang Jae Hui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: As Korea becomes an aging society, interest in health care has increased. In particular, there is an increasing demand for immune function improvement to prevent infectious diseases. Phellinus linteus (PL) has previously been shown to have immune-enhancing and anticancer effects. We aim to evaluate whether PL mycelium extract, cultured using the PL KCTC0399BP strain, has an increase in immune function using blood test indicators. This clinical trial is designed based on the results of a pilot study as the main trial.Methods: This clinical trial will be a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Ninety-eight participants will be enrolled and randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (PL 1000 mg) and control group (placebo). Participants will be administered experimental food or placebo for 8 weeks. Blood tests will be performed before food intake and at 8 weeks after the start of the experiment. Laboratory evaluation items are as follows: natural killer cell activity, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, immunoglobulin (Ig)G1, IgG2, and IgM. We will mainly use the full analysis set to statistically analyze the effectiveness of treatment.Discussion: This study includes inclusion and exclusion criteria and a well-controlled intervention. This study evaluates the effect of PL extract on immune function and will contribute to knowledge on the value of PL as an immune function health functional food.Clinical research registration: This study has been registered at the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) of Korea: CRIS-KCT0005460. Registered , 12 October 2020, https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/search_result_st01_en.jsp?seq=17761&ltype=&rtype=Trial status: This clinical trial is in the recruitment stage. Recruitment began in October 21, 2020 and will be completed in March 2021. This trial was registered at the Clinical Research Information Service of South Korea on October 12, 2020. (CRIS-KCT0005460)
The Story of the “Qiulai” Gin Unraveled by Radiocarbon Dating, Material Characterization and Chinese Written Sources
Authors: DURIER Marie-Gabrielle , GIRARD-MUSCAGORRY Alexandre , HATTÉ Christine , FABRIS Tiphaine , FOASSO Cyrille , NOWIK Witold , VAIEDELICH Stéphane 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An ancient table zither qin, an emblematic stringed instrument of traditional Chinese music, has been rediscovered in the museum collection of the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (inv.4224, CNAM collection), Paris. This instrument named “Qiulai” qin, whose origin is poorly documented, can claim to be one of the oldest qin preserved in European collections; its state of conservation is exceptional. A thorough examination was carried out based on an innovative approach combining museum expertise, material characterization analyses (optical microscopy, VIS/IR/UV imaging, X-ray fluorescence, SEM-EDS, Raman) and advanced radiocarbon dating technology (ECHoMICADAS). Our results highlight the great coherence with the traditional manufacturing practices mentioned in early Qing dynasty qin treatises and poems, in particular the collection of materials with highly symbolic meanings referring to the qin sound, nature and the universe. They also confirm the antiquity of the "Qiulai" qin in Europe by indicating that it was most likely made in a small interval of about 30 years at the turn of the 18th century.
Dynamical Analysis and Design of Computational Methods for Nonlinear Stochastic Leprosy Epidemic Model
Authors: Awrejcewicz Jan , Raza Ali , Rafiq Muhammad , Mohsin Muhammad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this article, we present the dynamical analysis of the stochastic leprosy epidemic model. Positivity and boundedness are the criteria used in the deterministic model. A primary technique known as the Euler Maruyama is employed in the solution of the said model. Standard and non-standard computational methods are applied in evaluating the design stability and efficiency based on the chosen criteria. The standard computational methods like the Stochastic Euler and the Stochastic Runge Kutta fail to restore the essential features of biological problems. However, our proposed approach, the stochastic non-standard finite difference (NSFD), is used and found to be efficient, cost-effective, and accommodates all the desired feasible properties. Our method achieves all-time convergence against the backdrop of other classical techniques that perform conditionally or fail over a long period. In the end, a comparison between this scheme and the existing ones reviews the novelty of our approach.