bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The study of active geomagnetic shielding coils system for JUNO
Authors: Zhang G. , Lu H. , Songwadhana J. , Yan Y. , Morozov N. , Ning F. , Zhang P. , Yang C. , Khosonthongkee K. , Limphirat A. , Yan T. , Payupol T. , Suwonjandee N. , Asavapibhop B. , Sawangwit U. , Sangka A. , Zhu Z. , Wang X. , Liu X. , Xie Z. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a
large liquid scintillator (LS) detector for neutrino mass ordering
and other neutrino physics research. The detector uses large-size
20 inches photomultiplier tubes to detect photons from a liquid
scintillator. The large PMTs are sensitive and easily affected such
that the detection efficiency loses about 60% under the
geomagnetic field intensity (∼500 mG). It has a significantly
negative effect on the detector performance, and a compensation
system is necessary for geomagnetic field shielding. As permalloys
are easily rusted in water, a better way for the geomagnetic
shielding is to apply an active compensation coils system. The
simulations show that a set of 32 circular coils can meet the
experiment requirement. The residual magnetic field is less than
0.05 G in the Central Detector Photomultiplier Tube (CD-PMT) region
(38.5–39.5 m in diameter). A prototype coil system with a 1.2 m
was built to validate the simulation and the design. The measured
data of prototype and simulation results are consistent with each
other, and geomagnetic field intensity is effectively reduced by
coils, verifying the shielding coils system design for JUNO. This
study is expected to provide practical guidance for the PMT magnetic
field shielding for future large-scale detector designs.
Biomimetic 3D-printed PCL scaffold containing a high concentration carbonated-nanohydroxyapatite with immobilized-collagen for bone tissue engineering: enhanced bioactivity and physicomechanical characteristics
Authors: Moghaddaszadeh Ali , Seddiqi Hadi , Najmoddin Najmeh , Abbasi Ravasjani Sonia , Klein-Nulend Jenneke 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A challenging approach of three-dimensional (3D)-biomimetic scaffold design for bone tissue engineering is to improve scaffold bioactivity and mechanical properties. We aimed to design and fabricate 3D-polycaprolactone (PCL)-based nanocomposite scaffold containing a high concentration homogeneously distributed carbonated-nanohydroxyapatite (C-nHA)-particles in combination with immobilized-collagen to mimic real bone properties. PCL-scaffolds without/with C-nHA at 30%, 45%, and 60% (wt/wt) were 3D-printed. PCL/C-nHA60%-scaffolds were surface-modified by NaOH-treatment and collagen-immobilization. Physicomechanical and biological properties were investigated experimentally and by finite-element (FE) modeling. Scaffold surface-roughness enhanced by increasing C-nHA (1.7 – 6.1-fold), but decreased by surface-modification (0.6-fold). The contact angle decreased by increasing C-nHA (0.9 – 0.7-fold), and by surface-modification (0.5-fold). The zeta potential decreased by increasing C-nHA (3.2-9.9-fold). Average elastic modulus, compressive strength, and reaction force enhanced by increasing C-nHA and by surface-modification. FE modeling revealed that von Mises stress distribution became less homogeneous by increasing C-nHA, and by surface-modification. Maximal von Mises stress for 2% compression strain in all scaffolds did not exceed yield stress for bulk-material. 3D-printed PCL/C-nHA60% with surface-modification enhanced pre-osteoblast spreading, proliferation, collagen deposition, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization. In conclusion, a novel biomimetic 3D-printed PCL-scaffold containing a high concentration C-nHA with surface-modification was successfully fabricated. It exhibited superior physicomechanical and biological properties, making it a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.
Channeling environmentalism into climate policy: an experimental study of Fridays for Future participants from Germany
Authors: Soliev Ilkhom , Janssen Marco A , Theesfeld Insa , Pritchard Calvin , Pirscher Frauke , Lee Allen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study argues that scholars and policy-makers need to understand environmental activists better to bridge the gap between growing activism and policy. Conventional wisdom is that environmental activists generally support stronger climate policies. But there is still little understanding about diversity of views within activist groups when it comes to specific policies, and existing studies indicate that their views are not uniform, which can weaken their impact as a group. Activists might unite to demand change, but not necessarily agree on details of the desired change. Exploring the differences within the group, this paper focuses on how to nudge those who already share favorable attitudes towards policies that mitigate climate change. The motivation has been to see, in presence of general support for stronger environmental policies, whether this support could be channeled into more specific policies. We first take on a methodological challenge to construct an index of environmental predisposition. Then drawing from existing social-behavioral scholarship, we analyze results of an experimental survey with select treatments previously reported as promising. In November and December 2019, we collected responses from 119 participants at the Fridays for Future demonstrations in Germany. The results indicate that there are indeed important differences within the group, and nudging effects exist even in this rather strongly predisposed group, with participants assigned to the experimental group showing higher levels of support for the introduction of a carbon tax that is traditionally seen as a difficult policy to gain widespread public support. We find that those who score neither too high nor too low are more likely to respond to nudging. Yet, the effects vary for general outcomes such as policy support, behavioral intentions, and environmental citizenship. Overall, the findings show the value of understanding the heterogeneity of individual views within environmental movements better and directing interventions in large resource systems such as climate to specific issues and target groups for accelerating transformations towards sustainability.
Four decades of nitrous oxide emission from Chinese aquaculture underscores the urgency and opportunity for climate change mitigation
Authors: Zhou Yangen , Huang Ming , Tian Hanqin , Xu Rongting , Ge Jian , Yang Xiaogang , Liu Rongxin , Sun Yunxia , Pan Shufen , Gao Qinfeng , Dong Shuanglin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As the fastest growing food production sector in the world, aquaculture may become an important source of nitrous oxide (N2O)—a potent greenhouse gas and the dominant source of ozone-depleting substances in the stratosphere. China is the largest aquaculture producer globally; however, the magnitude of N2O emission from Chinese aquaculture systems (CASs) has not yet been extensively investigated. Here, we quantified N2O emission from the CASs since the Reform and Opening-up (1979–2019) at the species-, provincial-, and national-levels using annual aquaculture production data, based on nitrogen (N) levels in feed type, feed amount, feed conversion ratio, and emission factor (EF). Our estimate indicates that over the past 41 years, N2O emission from CASs has increased approximately 25 times from 0.67 ± 0.04 GgN in 1979 to 16.69 ± 0.31 GgN in 2019. Freshwater fish farming, primarily in two provinces, namely, Guangdong and Hubei, where intensive freshwater fish farming has been adopted in the past decades, accounted for approximately 89% of this emission increase. We also calculated the EF for each species, ranging from 0.79 ± 0.23 g N2O kg−1 animal to 2.41 ± 0.14 g N2O kg−1 animal. The results of this study suggest that selecting low-EF species and improving feed use efficiency can help reduce aquaculture N2O emission for building a climate-resilient sustainable aquaculture.
Bayesian inference of Lévy walks via hidden Markov models
Authors: Park Seongyu , Thapa Samudrajit , Kim Yeongjin , Lomholt Michael A , Jeon Jae-Hyung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Lévy walk (LW) is a non-Brownian random walk model that has been found to describe anomalous dynamic phenomena in diverse fields ranging from biology over quantum physics to ecology. Recurrently occurring problems are to examine whether observed data are successfully quantified by a model classified as LWs or not and extract the best model parameters in accordance with the data. Motivated by such needs, we propose a hidden Markov model for LWs and computationally realize and test the corresponding Bayesian inference method. We introduce a Markovian decomposition scheme to approximate a renewal process governed by a power-law waiting time distribution. Using this, we construct the likelihood function of LWs based on a hidden Markov model and the forward algorithm. With the LW trajectories simulated at various conditions, we perform the Bayesian inference for parameter estimation and model classification. We show that the power-law exponent of the flight-time distribution can be successfully extracted even at the condition that the mean-squared displacement does not display the expected scaling exponent due to the noise or insufficient trajectory length. It is also demonstrated that the Bayesian method performs remarkably inferring the LW trajectories from given unclassified trajectory data set if the noise level is moderate.
Selective catalytic reduction of NO
x
with NH3 assisted by non-thermal plasma over CeMnZrO
x
@TiO2 core–shell catalyst
Authors: ZHU Tao , ZHANG Xing , LI Zhenguo , REN Xiaoning , WANG Baodong , CHONG Xuyang , MA Hongli 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The presented work reports the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO
x
assisted by dielectric barrier discharge plasma via simulating marine diesel engine exhaust, and the experimental results demonstrate that the low-temperature activity of NH3-SCR assisted by non-thermal plasma is enhanced significantly, particularly in the presence of a C3H6 additive. Simultaneously, CeMnZrO
x
@TiO2 exhibits strong tolerance to SO2 poisoning and superior catalytic stability. It is worthwhile to explore a new approach to remove NO
x
from marine diesel engine exhaust, which is of vital significance for both academic research and practical applications.
Uniform estimates for almost primes over finite fields
Authors: Elboim Dor , Gorodetsky Ofir 
Published: October 2021

We establish a new asymptotic formula for the number of polynomials of degree

n
n

with

k
k

prime factors over a finite field

F

q

\mathbb {F}_q

. The error term tends to

0
0

uniformly in

n
n

and in

q
q

. Previously, asymptotic formulas were known either for fixed

q
q

, through the works of Warlimont [Arch. Math. (Basel) 60 (1993), pp. 58–72] and Hwang [Random Structures Algorithms 13 (1998), pp. 17–47], or for small

k
k

, through the work of Arratia, Barbour and Tavaré [Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 114 (1993), pp. 347–368].

As an application, we estimate the total variation distance between the number of cycles in a random permutation on

n
n

elements and the number of prime factors of a random polynomial of degree

n
n

over

F

q

\mathbb {F}_q

. The distance tends to

0
0

at rate

1

/

(
q

log
⁡
n

)

1/(q\sqrt {\log n})

. Previously this was only understood when either

q
q

is fixed and

n
n

tends to

∞
\infty

, or

n
n

is fixed and

q
q

tends to

∞
\infty

, by results of Arratia, Barbour and Tavaré.
A generalized Powers averaging property for commutative crossed products
Authors: Amrutam Tattwamasi , Ursu Dan 
Published: October 2021

We prove a generalized version of Powers’ averaging property that characterizes simplicity of reduced crossed products

C
(
X
)

⋊
λ

G

C(X) \rtimes _\lambda G

, where

G
G

is a countable discrete group, and

X
X

is a compact Hausdorff space which

G
G

acts on minimally by homeomorphisms. As a consequence, we generalize results of Hartman and Kalantar on unique stationarity to the state space of

C
(
X
)

⋊
λ

G

C(X) \rtimes _\lambda G

and to Kawabe’s generalized space of amenable subgroups

Sub
a

⁡
(
X
,
G
)

\operatorname {Sub}_a(X,G)

. This further lets us generalize a result of the first named author and Kalantar on simplicity of intermediate C*-algebras. We prove that if

C
(
Y
)
⊆
C
(
X
)

C(Y) \subseteq C(X)

is an inclusion of unital commutative

G
G

-C*-algebras with

X
X

minimal and

C
(
Y
)

⋊
λ

G

C(Y) \rtimes _\lambda G

simple, then any intermediate C*-algebra

A
A

satisfying

C
(
Y
)

⋊
λ

G
⊆
A
⊆
C
(
X
)

⋊
λ

G

C(Y) \rtimes _\lambda G \subseteq A \subseteq C(X) \rtimes _\lambda G

is simple.
Fatigue Symptoms Associated With COVID-19 in Convalescent or Recovered COVID-19 Patients; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rao Sanjay , Benzouak Tarek , Gunpat Sasha , Burns Rachel J , Tahir Tayyeb A , Jolles Stephen , Kisely Steve 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The prevalence and prognosis of post-acute stage SARS-CoV-2 infection fatigue symptoms remain largely unknown.

Aims
We performed a systematic review to evaluate the prevalence of fatigue in post-recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Method
Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, trial registries, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar were searched for studies on fatigue in samples that recovered from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosed COVID-19. English, French, and Spanish studies were included. Meta-analyses were conducted separately for each recruitment setting.

Results
We identified 41 studies with 9,362 patients that recovered from COVID-19. Post-COVID-19 patients self-report of fatigue was higher compared to healthy controls (risk ratio (RR) = 3.688, 95%CI [2.502, 5.436], p &lt; .001). Over 50% of patients discharged from inpatient care reported symptoms of fatigue during the first (event rate [ER] = 0.517, 95%CI [0.278, 0.749]) and second month following recovery (ER = 0.527, 95%CI [0.337, 0.709]). Ten percent of the community patients reported fatigue in the first-month post-recovery. Patient setting moderated the association between COVID-19 recovery and fatigue symptoms (R2 = 0.11, p &lt; .001). Female patients recovering from COVID-19 had a greater self-report of fatigue (odds ratio [OR] = 1.782, 95%CI [1.531, 2.870]). Patients recruited through social media had fatigue above 90% across multiple time points. Fatigue was highest in studies from Europe.

Conclusion
Fatigue is a symptom associated with functional challenges which could have economic and social impacts. Developing long-term planning for fatigue management amongst patients beyond the acute stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential to optimizing patient care and public health outcomes. Further studies should examine the impact of sociodemographic, pandemic-related restrictions and pre-existing conditions on fatigue.
The American Society for Clinical Pathology 2020 Vacancy Survey of Medical Laboratories in the United States
Authors: Garcia Edna , Kundu Iman , Kelly Melissa , Soles Ryan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the extent and distribution of workforce shortages within the nation’s medical laboratories.

Methods
The survey was conducted through collaboration between the American Society for Clinical Pathology Institute for Science, Technology, and Public Policy in Washington, DC, and the Evaluation, Measurement, and Assessment Department and Board of Certification in Chicago, IL. Data were collected via an internet survey distributed to individuals who were able to report on staffing and certifications for their laboratories.

Results
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted the staffing of clinical laboratories and the stream of incoming graduates entering the workforce. Results show decreased vacancy rates for the majority of laboratory positions across all departments surveyed. The overall anticipated retirement rates continue to decline, which suggests that the field has already lost personnel with vast amounts of experience.

Conclusions
Addressing the current and future needs of the laboratory workforce requires a collective effort by numerous groups of stakeholders at all levels, including the laboratory employers, laboratory training programs, health care executives/hospital administrators, and professional organizations. The time is now to address the future shortage of laboratory professionals and to create a resilient clinical laboratory professional workforce.
Identification of Enzymes from Pseudogluconobacter saccharoketogenes Producing d-Glucaric Acid from d-Glucose
Authors: Ito Tetsuya , Masaki Hisaharu , Fujita Koki , Murakami Hiromi , Shizuma Motohiro , Kiso Taro , Kiryu Takaaki 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
In 2004, the US Department of Energy listed d-glucaric acid as one of the top 12 bio-based chemicals and a potential biopolymer building block. In this study, we show that Pseudogluconobacter saccharoketogenes strains can produce d-glucaric acid from d-glucose, although in low yield because of the generation of the byproduct 2-keto-d-gluconic acid in large quantities. To improve d-glucaric acid yield, we generated Rh47-3, a P. saccharoketogenes IFO14464 mutant, which produced d-glucaric acid from d-gluconic acid and d-glucose with 81 and 53 mol% yields, respectively. Furthermore, the key enzymes involved in d-glucaric acid production, alcohol dehydrogenase (Ps-ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (Ps-ALDH), and gluconate 2-dehydrogenase (Ps-GADH), were purified and their roles in d-glucaric acid synthesis were evaluated. Ps-ADH and Ps-ALDH catalyzed d-glucaric acid production, which was mediated by d-gluconic acid and d-glucuronic acid pathways. In contrast, Ps-GADH inhibited d-glucaric acid production by promoting the formation of 2-keto-d-gluconic acid from d-glucose.
Different expressions of aquaporin water channels and macrophages infiltration in human cervix remodeling during pregnancy
Authors: Yang Jinying , Yu Shengjun , Zhang Guanglan , Zheng Zheng , Li Ping , Mei Shanshan , Han Xinjia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Despite aquaporin water channels (AQPs) play a critical role in maintaining water homeostasis in female reproductive tract and prompt a gradual increase in water content in cervical edema as pregnancy progressed, their relationship with macrophage infiltration and collagen content in human cervical remodeling need to be further investigated. This is the first study to examine the expression and localization of AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, AQP8, and macrophages simultaneously in human cervical ripening. The immunoreactivity of these AQPs was 2.6 to 6-fold higher on gestational weeks 26 (GD26W) than that on GD6W and GD15W, but AQP4 expression on GD39W dropped a similar extent on GD15W, other AQPs continued to rise on GD39W. The AQP3, AQP4, and AQP5 intensity seemed more abundant in cervical stroma than in the perivascular area on GD26W; the distribution of AQP3, AQP5, and AQP8 in cervical stroma was equivalent to that in the perivascular area on GD39W. Macrophage numbers were 1.7-fold higher in subepithelium region and 3.0-fold higher in center area on GD26W than that on GD15W; such numbers remained elevated on GD39W. The electron micrographs showed that cervical extensibility increased significantly on GD26W and GD39W accompanied with increased macrophage infiltration, cervical water content, and much more space among collagen fibers. These findings suggest that the upregulation of AQPs expression in human cervix is closely related to enhanced macrophage infiltration during pregnancy; there may be a positive feedback mechanism between them to lead the increase of water content and the degradation of collagen.
Metabolic changes in female rats exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia and postweaning consumption of high-fat diet
Authors: Paula Verônyca Gonçalves , Sinzato Yuri Karen , de Moraes-Souza Rafaianne Queiroz , Soares Thaigra Sousa , Souza Franciane Quintanilha Gallego , Karki Barshana , de Andrade Paes Antonio Marcus , Corrente José Eduardo , Damasceno Débora Cristina , Volpato Gustavo Tadeu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe evaluated the influence of the hyperglycemic intrauterine environment and postweaning consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the glycemia, insulin, lipid, and immunological profile of rat offspring in adulthood. Female rats received citrate buffer (Control—C) or Streptozotocin (a beta cell-cytotoxic drug to induce diabetes—D) on postnatal day 5. In adulthood, these rats were mated to obtain female offspring, who were fed a standard diet (SD) or HFD from weaning to adulthood (n = 10 rats/group). OC/SD and OC/HFD represent female offspring of control mothers and received SD or HFD, respectively; OD/SD and OD/HFD represent female offspring of diabetic mothers and received SD or HFD, respectively. At adulthood, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and, next, the rats were anesthetized and euthanized. Pancreas was collected and analyzed, and adipose tissue was weighted. Blood samples were collected to determine biochemical and immunological profiles. The food intake was lower in HFD-fed rats and visceral fat weight was increased in the OD/HFD group. OC/HFD, OD/SD, and OD/HFD groups presented glucose intolerance and lower insulin secretion during OGTT. An impaired pancreatic beta-cell function was shown in the adult offspring of diabetic rats, regardless of diet. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 concentrations were lower in the OD/HFD group and associated to a low-grade inflammatory condition. The fetal programming was responsible for impaired beta cell function in experimental animals. The association of maternal diabetes and postweaning HFD are responsible for greater glucose intolerance, impaired insulin secretion and immunological change.
Still the Exception? Challenging Ideas of Gender in Norwegian Policing
Authors: Jon Nina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article is an empirical exploration of the role of gender in today’s Norwegian police force. For this study, 21 emergency response officers were interviewed as part of an investigation into the role played by gender in operational police work. This study indicates that changes towards a more gender-equal Norwegian society, combined with general developments within the police at a time when the number of women in the police force has increased considerably, have led to female operational police officers finding that their gender is not a problem. The findings challenge earlier models of theorising and conceptualisation, and point to the need to avoid perpetuating notions that may needlessly limit policewomen’s individual freedom and agency on account of their gender.