bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dogs of Remote Oceania: an archaeological and ethnohistorical view of domestic dog introduction and loss in the South Pacific
Authors: Cramb Justin 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTDomestic dogs were transported by voyagers to the islands of Remote Oceania. However, the distribution of these, and other domesticates, varies by location. By the time of European contact, dogs were extirpated from many islands, but the cause of their disappearance remains unknown. Archaeological reports and ethnohistoric text analysed for 35 islands and island groups in Remote Oceania reveal regional patterns of dog introduction and loss that shed light on their disappearance. The findings of this survey indicate that people introduced dogs to most island groups in Remote Oceania and that pre‐European extirpation rates were high. The highest localized extinction rates occurred on low islands suggesting that low‐island vulnerabilities and spatial constraints on population size affect survivorship. The dogs of Remote Oceania have a complex history in which introduction to new islands was common, but long‐term persistence was difficult.
Semi‐conductive, Switchable Dielectric and Photoluminescent Properties of Two High‐Temperature Phase Transition Hybrids
Authors: Ying Tingting , Li Yukong , Song Ning , Tan Yuhui , Tang Yunzhi , Zhuang Jiachang , Zhang Hao , Wang Lijuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBistable switches (electrical switching between “ON” and “OFF” bistable states) have gradually developed into an ideal category of highly intelligent materials, due to their significant applications in optical technology, signal processors, data storage and other switchable media applications in the field of electrical devices. Here, we successfully designed and synthesized [(FC6H4C2H4NH3)2MCl4]n(FC6H4C2H4NH3+)=deprotonated 4‐fluoro‐ phenethylamine; M=Cd (1), Mn (2)), which realized the coupling of thermo‐dielectric switching characteristics, semi‐conductor characteristics and photo‐luminescent properties. DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and dielectric measurements show that 1 is a sensitive dielectric bistable switch between the high dielectric (ON) and low dielectric (OFF) states. The temperature‐variable single crystal structure shows that the both 1 and 2 undergo a high‐temperature reversible phase transition around 383 K/380 K, which is caused by the order‐disordered transformation of organic cations and the slight distortion of the inorganic framework. In particular, 1 shows outstanding switchable dielectric behavior and semiconducting properties. Further, 1 and 2 emit strong green and yellow luminescence at 527 and 595 nm, respectively.
Robust simultaneous stabilization of multiple n‐degree‐of‐freedom robot systems
Authors: Zhang Haiying , Yang Renming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the robust simultaneous stabilization problem of multiple n‐degree‐of‐freedom (n‐DOF) robot systems is studied by using Hamiltonian function method, and the corresponding L2 interference suppression controller is designed. First, we investigate the general simultaneous stabilization of the multiple n‐DOF robot systems without external disturbance. On this basis, we further study the robust simultaneous stabilization control problem for multiple n‐DOF robot systems with external disturbance and design a simultaneous stabilization controller. Finally, the simulation results show that the simultaneous stabilization controller designed for the paper is very effective in stabilizing multiple robot systems at the same time.
An aptasensor for the detection of Pb2+ based on photoinduced electron transfer between a G‐quadruplex–hemin complex and a fluorophore
Authors: Wang Ya , Ye Tai , Yuan Min , Cao Hui , Yu Jingsong , Yin Fengqin , Wu Xiuxiu , Hao Liling , Xu Fei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDue to the threat to health of heavy metal contamination, simple and rapid detection methods for heavy metals are an urgent needed in environment protection and food safety. In this work, we have developed a fluorescent aptasensor for the ‘turn‐off’ model detection of Pb2+. The key feature of the aptasensor is that the dye‐labelled nucleic acid strand can be folded into a G‐quadruplex structure in the presence of Pb2+. This conformational change induces photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between a G‐quadruplex–hemin complex and 6‐carboxyrhodamine X (ROX), which results in fluorescence quenching of ROX. We systematically investigated the interaction mechanism between Pb2+ and the aptasensor and the effects of several environmental parameters were also studied. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed method exhibited a good liner relationship between the concentration of Pb2+ and fluorescence quenching efficiency in the range 25–500 nM and the limit of detection was 1.02 nM. In addition, this method also manifested good performance in spiked lettuce samples with satisfactory recoveries of 87.10–109.6%. This target‐induced PET platform can be further expanded to other heavy metal analysis.
Solvent effect ofD2Oon the thermochromic sensitivity of polydiacetylene vesicle systems
Authors: Shin Min Jae 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe solvent effect of D2O on the thermochromic sensitivity of a polydiacetylene (PDA) vesicle system was characterized and estimated numerically in this study. Three types of diacetylene compounds (10,12‐pentacosadiynoic acid,N‐[2‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]pentacosa‐10,12‐diynamide, andN‐(4‐aminophenyl)pentacosa‐10,12‐diynamide) were used to form the vesicle solution by sonication in H2O and D2O. This was followed by polymerization using UV irradiation to form a PDA vesicle system. The solvent effect of D2O on the physical properties of the PDA vesicles was estimated. The physical properties investigated herein were PDA vesicle size, critical vesicle concentration, and thermochromic change rate. The thermochromic change rate was measured using the relative degree of blue color (RBC), which was obtained from the UV spectrum data. The rate constants (kHand kD) of the thermochromic change were measured by plotting RBC against temperature. The solvent effect of D2O was estimated via the ratio kD/kH. Finally, the solvent effect of D2O on three physical properties of the PDA vesicles (vesicle size, critical vesicle concentration, and thermochromic change rate) was characterized numerically.
Nuclear magnetic relaxation studies of BH4 in metal Borohydrides
Authors: Kim Chul , Ku Jessie , Hwang Son‐Jong , Bowman Robert C. , Reiter Joseph W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA different approach of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation of the rotational motion of BH4 tetrahedron in light metal borohydrides was introduced. Previous NMR relaxation studies were mainly performed using an approximation which is based on a single exponential transition approach for the spin–lattice relaxation of the spin under quadrupolar interaction. In this new approach, a relaxation rate equation was derived by strictly taking into account both electric quadrupolar and magnetic dipolar contributions to the transitions between Zeeman energy states of quadrupolar 11B nucleus that was coupled to many proton spins. Two exponential relaxation times derived from our theoretical treatment were applied to the analysis of 11B spin–lattice relaxation of LiBH4 and Ca(BH4)2. The activation energies and the correlation times of the reorientational motions of BH4 were evaluated from the two experimental spin–lattice relaxation times. The results were compared to previous activation energies and correlation times.
Phosphoproteomic profiling of the hippocampus of offspring rats exposed to prenatal stress
Authors: Li Qinghong , Cai Dongge , Huang Huimei , Zhang Huiping , Bai Ruimiao , Zhao Xiaolin , Sun Hongli , Qin Pei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionPrenatal stress (PS) can cause depression in offspring. However, the underlying biological mechanism of these influences is still unclear. This work was implemented to investigate the molecular mechanisms of depressive‐like behavior of offspring rats insulted with PS.MethodsRelative quantitative phosphoproteomics of the hippocampus of PS susceptibility (PS‐S) and control (CON) rat offspring was performed using  liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry to confirm known pathways and to identify new mechanisms involved in depression.ResultsA total of 6790 phosphopeptides, 9817 phosphorylation sites, and 2978 phosphoproteins were detected. Among the 2978 phosphoproteins, 1760 (59.09%) had more than two phosphorylated sites, the ENSRNOP00000023460 protein had more than 117 phosphorylated sites, and the average distribution of modification sites per 100 amino acids was 2.97. There were 197 different phosphopeptides, including 140 increased phosphopeptides and 57 decreased phosphopeptides in the PS‐S offspring rats, compared to the CON offspring rats. These differential phosphopeptides corresponded to 100 upregulated and 44 downregulated phosphoproteins, respectively. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that these different phosphoproteins in the top five enriched terms in the cellular component, molecular function, and biological proces categories were involved in a total of 35 different phosphoproteins, and these phosphoproteins were mainly related to myelin‐, microtubule‐ and synapse‐associated proteins. The enrichment of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathways was found to be involved in many essential biological pathways, and the top five pathways included amphetamine addiction, insulin secretion, Cushing syndrome, and the circadian entrainment signaling pathway. These first five pathways were related to nine phosphoproteins, including Adcy9, Apc, Cacna1c, Camk2a, Camk2b, Camk2g, Ctnnd2, Grin2a, and Stx1a. The full data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD019117.ConclusionWe preliminarily identified 144 different phosphoproteins involved in myelin, microtubule, and synapse formation and plasticity in the hippocampus of susceptible offspring rats exposed to PS.
Dynamic causal modeling of the working memory system of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients: Searching for targets for cortical intervention
Authors: Sun Jie , Zhao Nan , Liu Jun , Wang Ze‐yi , Su Ping , Li Jun‐yan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), caused by rupture of an intracranial aneurysm and bleeding into the subarachnoid space, is a life‐threatening cerebrovascular disease. Because of improvements in clinical interventions, the mortality rate of aSAH is gradually decreasing. Thus, many survivors recover from aSAH but still have sequelae. Working memory (WM) deficit is one of the most common and severe sequelae after aSAH. Interestingly, the severity of WM deficit is not identical to the extent or localization of brain damage, which implies an underlying mechanism of WM deficit other than direct hemorrhagic brain damage. Previous studies have revealed altered neural activity of several brain regions during stimulus tasks. However, the behaviors and functional organization of these corresponding areas in the resting state remain unclear. Insights into the organization of the WM network could reveal novel information about the mechanism of WM deficits, which will be of great value in developing new therapeutic strategies.MethodsIn this study, we recruited 50 aSAH patients consisting of survivors with either impaired or intact WM (two groups). Independent component analysis was performed on resting state data to extract the WM network. Dynamic causal modeling was then performed to assess the intrinsic coupling between key regions of the WM network. A model describing the neural activity and functional organization of the WM network was established, although some connections were not consistent in the resting state.ResultsWe found that effective connectivity of the precuneus (PCUN)‐middle temporal gyrus (MTG), MTG‐PCUN, and middle frontal gyrus‐inferior parietal lobule was significantly decreased in the impaired WM group, which suggests a vital and central role of affected regions or connections and provides new targets for brain stimulation.ConclusionsThe results of this study may contribute to new therapeutic or rehabilitation strategies for aSAH patients with WM deficits.
Poor awareness of stroke educational tools among older adults in China
Authors: Ling Ling , Li Zhongcheng , Yao Sichen , Liu Xiaochuan , Zhao Jing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundStroke 1‐2‐0 and FAST (Face, Arm, Speech, Time) are two popular stroke educational tools that have been used in many stroke promotion campaigns. However, few researchers have investigated awareness of these tools among older adults in communities.MethodsThis study was a cross‐sectional survey of community‐living older adults. Two family physicians conducted face‐to‐face interviews with older adults living in Minhang district, Shanghai, between October 1, 2020 and November 31, 2020. The survey comprised three parts: basic information, prior medical history, and stroke awareness knowledge. We focused on the awareness of FAST and Stroke 1‐2‐0 and investigated factors associated with awareness of these stroke educational tools.ResultsThe sample of this study was 466 older adults. Their mean age was 73.45 years. Male respondents accounted for 46.14% of the total sample. More than half of the older adults surveyed had an educational background of less than 6 years. Over 90% of the older adults surveyed had never heard about Stroke 1‐2‐0 or FAST. The awareness rate of Stroke 1‐2‐0 and FAST was 7.94%, with awareness of Stroke 1‐2‐0 being higher than that of FAST (6.01% vs. 0.43%, p < .05). None of the respondents who had heard about the two stroke educational tools could explain the utility of either tool fully. Having a background in higher education was associated with awareness of stroke educational tools independently, with an odds ratio (OR) of 10.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) of 3.7–27.4, p < .001. In addition, Wechat (OR 6.57, 95%CI 2.65–16.27, p < .001) and the community bulletin board (OR 2.95, 95%CI 1.37–6.33, p = .005) were found to be important sources for acquiring knowledge of stroke awareness tools.ConclusionThe limited awareness of Stroke 1‐2‐0 and FAST displayed among older adults in the community indicates that we must take action to improve education on stroke among the elderly.
The effect of systemic antidepressant treatments in early stage on neurocognitive function of euthymic bipolar patients initiated with a depressive onset: An observational, cross‐sectional, single‐blind study protocol
Authors: Yang Huizeng , Liu Yuanyuan , Yang Chenghao , Lin Xiaoling 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesPatients with bipolar disorder (BD) have a wide range of neurocognitive dysfunction even in euthymic state, leading to impaired psychosocial function and reduced quality of life. However, the understanding on risk factors related to neurocognitive impairment in such group of people is limited. In view of significantly delayed diagnosis of BD and common use of antidepressants prior to the BD diagnosis, the study aims to clarify whether systemic antidepressant use in early stage, defined as from the initial depressive episode to the diagnosis of BD, could impact neurocognitive function of euthymic bipolar patients.MethodsIt is an observational, cross‐sectional, single‐blind trial, making a comparison in neurocognitive function between euthymic bipolar patients who had a depressive episode as initial onset and being with and without systemic antidepressant treatments in early stage (n = 62 and 62, respectively); secondary outcomes include the impact of systemic antidepressant use on global function, quality of life, sleep quality, positive and negative affect, and peripheral level of neuron‐specific enolase.DiscussionThe study will provide a comprehensive and in‐depth understanding on the effect of systemic antidepressant treatments in early stage in such group of patients. It is expected to better guide the related prevention and treatment work of BD management.Trial RegistrationThe study was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov with protocol ID (TJAH2020‐18) and clinicaltrials.gov ID (NCT04564573).
Factors predicting improved compliance towards colonoscopy in individuals with positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT)
Authors: Lim Tian‐Zhi , Lau Jerrald , Wong Gretel Jianlin , Tan Lavine Yen‐Ting , Chang Yu‐Jing , Natarajan Karthiga , Yi Huso , Wong Mee‐Lian , Tan Ker‐Kan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesFollow‐up colonoscopy after a positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT) in any colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programme is integral. However, many individuals who had a positive FIT declined colonoscopy subsequently. This study aims to uncover the predictors on completion of colonoscopy using the Health Belief Model (HBM) between individuals who complete and those who did not after a positive FIT.MethodsA mixed‐method study comprising qualitative semi‐structured interviews followed by a locally validated questionnaire in Singapore was prospectively administered via telephone interview to average risk individuals with positive FIT results from a cohort of the national FIT screening database referred for follow‐up colonoscopic evaluation.ResultsA total of 394 individuals, with a median age of 66 years (range, 46–89 years), were recruited. Fifty percent completed follow‐up colonoscopic evaluation and formed the “doers” group. All participants demonstrated high knowledge of symptoms of CRC and awareness and qualitative responses were aligned to the various HBM domains. Using multi‐variable analysis, doers felt that medical recommendations (odds ratio [OR], 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–4.63, p = 0.01) and mainstream media publicity (OR, 2.16, 95% CI: 1.09–4.26, p = 0.026) were important. Non‐doers showed positive association with perceived barriers such as cost (OR, 2.15, 95% CI: 1.10–4.20, p = 0.026) and inconvenience (OR, 3.44, 95% CI: 1.50–7.89, p = 0.004).ConclusionsIdentified factors such as tackling perceived barriers, public health education and active promotion by medical physicians, family and friends could help guide subsequent interventions to improve compliance of individuals with positive FIT to undergo follow‐up colonoscopy.
Counselling, psychotherapy and training the football elite
Authors: Twizell Oliver , Hanley Terry 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCounselling and psychotherapy are not common professions that are considered alongside the work of sporting institutions, such as football academies. This paper therefore provides a brief reflection upon the existing research considering the way that such institutions currently engage with the mental health and well‐being of those that they support. In doing so, the world of elite sport engagement is considered before focusing more specifically upon research that has explored how football academies make use of psychological theory and therapy. This paper concludes that counselling and psychotherapy have an important role to play in supporting those at all stages of their football careers. However, delineation with clear roles and boundaries from other professions, such as sport psychology, proves vitally important, and further systematic exploration of this growing area of work is needed.
Child Abuse and Neglect and the Burden of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Families: A Series of Cases Consulted at the German Medical Child Protection Hotline
Authors: Heimann Tobias , Berthold Oliver , Clemens Vera , Witt Andreas , Fegert Jörg M. 
Published: September 2021

Key Practitioner Messages

Increased stress and decreased resources during a lockdown and social distancing can augment the risk for child abuse and neglect during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Health practitioners should continue to be prepared for potentially rising numbers of cases of child abuse and neglect.
Child protection services and mental health care should be considered essential and be available for adults and children at all times.
Azaphilones and Meroterpenoids from the Soft Coral‐Derived Fungus Penicillium glabrum glmu003
Authors: Zhang Han , Lei Xin‐Xin , Shao Surun , Zhou Xuefeng , Li Yunqiu , Yang Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTwo new azaphilone compounds, daldinins G (1) and H (2), together with nine known compounds daldinin D (3), sargassopenilline B (4), austalide V (5), austalide K (6), austalide P (7), austalide P acid (8), austalide H (9), 13‐O‐deacetyaustalide I (10), and 17‐O‐demethylaustalide B (11), were isolated from the soft coral‐derived fungus Penicillium glabrum glmu003. The new structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectra, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data analysis. Compound 5 showed weak inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase (PL) with IC50 value of 23.9 μg/mL.
Experimental Perspectives on Direct Visualization of Endosomal Rupture
Authors: Day Rachael A. , Sletten Ellen M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEndosomal escape continues to be a limiting factor in the therapeutic use of nanomaterials. Assays to visualize endosomal escape often do not decouple the endosomal/lysosomal disruption from the release of payload into the cytosol. Here, we discuss three approaches to directly probe endosomal/lysosomal rupture: calcein dye dilution, lysosome size quantification and endosome/lysosome membrane integrity visualized with a genetically engineered cell line. We apply the three assays to endosomes/lysosomes ruptured via osmotic pressure and photochemical internalization.
Mutagenesis of Catalytic Nucleophile of β‐Galactosidase Retains Residual Hydrolytic Activity and Affords a Transgalactosidase
Authors: Hovorková Michaela , Kulik Natalia , Konvalinková Dorota , Petrásková Lucie , Křen Vladimír , Bojarová Pavla 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGlycosidases that cleave oligosaccharides can also synthesize the glycosidic bond. Site‐directed mutagenesis of the catalytic nucleophile commonly abolishes their hydrolytic activity, affording glycosynthases that use glycosyl fluorides as substrates. Here, the synthetic ability of β‐galactosidase from Bacillus circulans isoform A (BgaD‐A; EC 3.2.1.23, GH2) was investigated by site‐directed mutagenesis. The cold‐shock expression ensured selective induction and correct folding. Three mutants were constructed at the active‐site catalytic nucleophile E532 as putative glycosynthases. However, none of the mutants could process α‐galactosyl fluoride as a galactosyl donor. With only negligible hydrolytic activity, two mutants selectively synthesized azido‐functionalized N‐acetyllactosamine using the p‐nitrophenyl β‐d‐galactoside as a galactosyl donor. Thus, they behaved as transglycosidases. This study demonstrates that substitution at the catalytic nucleophile for the assembly of glycosynthases is not unrestrictedly versatile and that the effect of mutagenesis on synthetic abilities depends on the relative orientations of amino acids in the enzyme active site.
Stable CAAC‐based Ruthenium Complexes for Dynamic Olefin Metathesis Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Kravchenko Alexander , Timmer Brian J. J. , Inge A. Ken , Biedermann Maurice , Ramström Olof 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA series of olefin metathesis catalysts bearing cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligands of varying size and steric demand has been synthesized and evaluated in ring‐closing‐, self‐, and cross‐metathesis reactions at room temperature. The catalysts were also probed for potential applications in dynamic covalent chemistry. The majority of the catalysts showed high stability, and remained active in the reaction mixtures for several days, including in methanol‐based solutions. Higher temperatures could be used to control the reactivity towards sterically challenging substrates, enabling formation of tetrasubstituted olefins. The CAAC complexes exhibited remarkable functional group tolerance towards heteroaromatic and nucleophilic additives, making them potentially useful in the screening of biologically active compounds.