bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma in chromosome 22q13.31, findings of a genome‐wide association study
Authors: Wang Zhanwei , Budhu Anuradha S , Shen Yi , Wong Linda Lou , Hernandez Brenda Y , Tiirikainen Maarit , Ma Xiaomei , Irwin Melinda L , Lu Lingeng , Zhao Hongyu , Lim Joseph K , Taddei Tamar , Mishra Lopa , Pawlish Karen , Stroup Antoinette , Brown Robert , Nguyen Mindie H , Koshiol Jill , Hernandez Maria O , Forgues Marshonna , Yang Hwai‐I , Lee Mei‐Hsuan , Huang Yu‐Han , Iwasaki Motoki , Goto Atsushi , Suzuki Shiori , Matsuda Koichi , Tanikawa Chizu , Kamatani Yoichiro , Mann Dean , Guarnera Maria , Shetty Kirti , Thomas Claire E , Yuan Jian‐Min , Khor Chiea Chuen , Koh Woon‐Puay , Risch Harvey , Wang Xin Wei , Yu Herbert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and AimChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, long‐term alcohol use, cigarette smoking, and obesity are the major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States, but the disease risk varies substantially among individuals with these factors, suggesting host susceptibility to and gene–environment interactions in HCC. To address genetic susceptibility to HCC, we conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS).MethodsTwo case‐control studies on HCC were conducted in the United States. DNA samples were genotyped using the Illumian microarray chip with over 710 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We compared these SNPs between 705 HCC cases and 1455 population controls for their associations with HCC and verified our findings in additional studies.ResultsIn this GWAS, we found that two SNPs were associated with HCC at P < 5E‐8 and six SNPs at P < 5E‐6 after adjusting for age, sex, and the top three principal components (PCs). Five of the SNPs in chromosome 22q13.31, three in PNPLA3 (rs2281135, rs2896019, and rs4823173) and two in SAMM50 (rs3761472, rs3827385), were replicated in a small US case‐control study and a cohort study in Singapore. The associations remained significant after adjusting for body mass index and HCV infection. Meta‐analysis of multiple datasets indicated that these SNPs were significantly associated with HCC.ConclusionsSNPs in PNPLA3 and SAMM50 are known risk loci for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and are suspected to be associated with HCC. Our GWAS demonstrated the associations of these SNPs with HCC in a US population. Biological mechanisms underlying the relationship remain to be elucidated.
Atrophy of Ipsilesional Hippocampal Subfields Vary Over First Year After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Khlif Mohamed Salah , Werden Emilio , Bird Laura J. , Egorova‐Brumley Natalia , Brodtmann Amy 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe structural integrity of hippocampal subfields has been investigated in many neurological disorders and was shown to be better associated with cognitive performance than whole hippocampus. In stroke, hippocampal atrophy is linked to cognitive impairment, but it is unknown whether the hippocampal subfields atrophy differently.PurposeTo evaluate longitudinal hippocampal subfield atrophy in first year poststroke, in comparison with atrophy in healthy individuals.Study TypeCohort.SubjectsA total of 92 ischemic stroke (age: 67 ± 12 years, 63 men) and 39 healthy participants (age: 69 ± 7 years, 24 men).Field Strength/SequenceA3 T/T1‐MPRAGE, T2‐SPACE, and T2‐FLAIR.AssessmentFreeSurfer (6.0) was used to delineate 12 hippocampal subfields. Whole hippocampal volume was computed as sum of subfield volumes excluding hippocampal fissure volume. Separate assessments were completed for contralesional and ipsilesional hippocampi.Statistical TestsA mixed‐effect regression model was used to compare subfield volumes cross‐sectionally between healthy and stroke groups and longitudinally between 3‐month and 12‐month timepoints. False discovery rate at 0.05 significance level was used to correct for multiple comparisons. Also, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess differentiation between healthy and stroke participants based on subfield volumes.ResultsThere were no volume differences between groups at 3 months, but there was a significant difference (P = 0.027) in whole hippocampal volume reduction over time between control and stroke ipsilesionally. Thus, the ipsilesional whole hippocampal volume in stroke became significantly smaller (P = 0.035) at 12 months. The hippocampal tail was the highest single‐region contributor (22.7%) to ipsilesional hippocampal atrophy (1.19%) over 9 months. The cornu ammonis areas (CA1) subfield volume reduction was minimal in controls and stroke contralesionally but significant ipsilesionally (P = 0.007). CA1 volume significantly outperformed whole hippocampal volume (P < 0.01) in discriminating between stroke participants and healthy controls in ROC curve analysis.Data ConclusionGreater stroke‐induced effects were observed in the ipsilesional hippocampus anteriorly in CA1 and posteriorly in the hippocampal tail. Atrophy of CA1 and hippocampal tail may provide a better link to cognitive impairment than whole hippocampal atrophy.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage3
Genetic diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in Norway before and after the introduction of rotavirus vaccination in children
Authors: Gibory Moustafa , Bruun Tone , Flem Elmira , Dembinski Jennifer Lynn , Haltbakk Ildri , Størdal Ketil , Nordbø Svein Arne , Jakobsen Kirsti , Haarr Elisebet , Leegaard Truls Michael , Dudman Susanne Gjeruldsen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGlobally, rotavirus (RV) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in young children under 5 years of age. Implementation of RV vaccination is expected to result in fewer cases of RV in the target population, but it is unknown if this also results in vaccine‐induced virus strain replacement. Rotarix, a monovalent vaccine based on G1P[8] RV, was introduced in Norway in the children's immunization program in September 2014. The main aim of this study was to describe the diversity of RV circulating pre and post introduction of the RV vaccine in Norway and investigate changes in genotype distribution during the first 4 years after implementation. A total of 1108 samples were collected from children under 5 years enrolled with AGE from five large hospitals in Norway and were analyzed for RV by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). All positive results were genotyped by multiplex semi‐nested reverse transcription PCR for identification of G and P types. In total, 487 of the 1108 (44%) samples, collected from the enrolled children, were positive for RV by EIA method which were further genotyped. G1P[8] was found to be the most common type of RV pre and post RV vaccine implementation followed by G9P[8]. There were neither geographical nor temporal differences in genotype dominance. Also, no apparent changes were shown in the genotype distribution in the postvaccine era for years from 2015 to 2018. In 21.4% of the cases, vaccine strains were detected. Continuous RV genotype surveillance is vital for assessing the effectiveness of a vaccine program and monitoring for any emergence of vaccine‐escape strains. Genotyping is also necessary to detect vaccine strains to avoid reporting false‐positive cases of active RV infection in newly vaccinated cases.
Effects of place of stimulation on the interaural time difference sensitivity in bilateral electrical intracochlear stimulations: Neurophysiological study in a rat model
Authors: Sunwoo Woongsang , Oh Seung‐Ha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe examined the sensitivity of the neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) in male and female rats to the interaural time differences (ITDs) conveyed in electrical pulse trains. Using bipolar pairs of electrodes that selectively activate the auditory nerve fibers at different intracochlear locations, we assessed whether the responses to electrical stimulation with ITDs in different frequency regions were processed differently. Most well‐isolated single units responded to the electrical stimulation in only one of the apical or basal cochlear regions, and they were classified as either apical or basal units. Regardless of the cochlear stimulating location, more than 70% of both apical and basal units were sensitive to ITDs of electrical stimulation. However, the pulse rate dependence of neural ITD sensitivity differed significantly depending on the location of the stimulation. Moreover, ITD discrimination thresholds and the relative incidence of ITD tuning type markedly differed between units activated by apical and basal stimulations. With apical stimulation, IC neurons had a higher incidence of peak‐type ITD function, which mostly exhibited the steepest position of the tuning curve within the rat's physiological ITD range of ±160 μs and, accordingly, had better ITD discrimination thresholds than those with basal stimulation. These results support the idea that ITD processing in the IC might be determined by functionally segregated frequency‐specific pathways from the cochlea to the auditory midbrain.
Spatio‐temporal analysis of copula‐based probabilistic multivariate drought index using CMIP6 model
Authors: Dixit Soumyashree , Jayakumar K. V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStudies on multivariate drought assessment and the climate change impact on a river basin scale are limited in India. Drought monitoring is a challenging subject due to its dependence on different climatic variables. To overcome this, a copula‐based probabilistic multivariate drought index (MDI) has been developed which simultaneously represents the meteorological, hydrological and agricultural drought phenomenon. The four variate Archimedean copula is used in this study to integrate the precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture and streamflow. Hydrologic variables like evapotranspiration, soil moisture and streamflow were simulated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model. The future MDI is also analysed to identify the impact of climate change on drought phenomenon using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project‐6 Global Climate Models under four Socio‐Economic Shared Pathways. Drought characteristics like severity and duration were evaluated to identify the present and future drought events. The precipitation and minimum and maximum temperatures were identified to have increasing tendencies in the future scenarios. Most of the future scenarios showed lower drought duration and severity when compared to the reference period. The drought duration and severity are likely to decrease in the future time scales especially under the high emission scenarios. The present study used a novel approach to examine the drought from various perspectives and the study will be useful for drought mitigation and adaptation strategies over the basin.
Quasi‐biennial oscillation‐related surface air temperature change over the western North Pacific in late winter
Authors: Park Chang‐Hyun , Son Seok‐Woo , Lim Yuna , Choi Jung 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe impact of the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) on the surface air temperature (SAT) in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics is investigated. It is found that the QBO, defined as 70‐hPa zonal wind in the deep tropics, is negatively correlated with the SAT over the western North Pacific in February and March. Cold temperature anomaly appears during the QBO westerly phase. Such relationship is likely mediated by the subtropical jet. During the QBO westerly phase, a horseshoe‐shaped zonal wind anomaly forms in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and is connected to the equatorward shift of the Asia‐Pacific jet. This equatorward jet shift is accompanied by a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the subtropical North Pacific and an anticyclonic circulation anomaly over northern Eurasia in the troposphere. The resultant temperature advection brings cold air to East Asia and the western North Pacific. This regional downward coupling in February and March, which is not sensitive to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, has become statistically significant in recent decades.
Calcitriol and enamel matrix derivative differentially regulated cemento‐induction and mineralization in human periodontal ligament‐derived cells
Authors: Hong Hsiang‐Hsi , Chou Ting‐An , Hong Adrienne , Huang Yi‐Fang , Yen Tzung‐Hai , Liang Chao‐Hua , Hong Alex , Hsiao Hui‐Yi , Nien Chung‐Yi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlveolar bone and cementum share many biological and developmental similarities. The mineralizing effect of calcitriol has been previously reported. Yet, its cemento‐inductivity has not been confirmed. This study evaluated the potential cemento‐inductivity effect of calcitriol and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on human periodontal ligament‐derived cells (hPDLCs).MethodsThe hPDLCs obtained from extracted third molars or premolars were cultured with calcitriol, or EMD. Cementogenic gene expression was examined using real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Expression analysis also included cementoblast‐specific markers, cementum protein 1 (CEMP1), cementum attachment protein (CAP), and recently reported cementoblast‐enriched genes, secreted frizzled related protein 1 (SFRP1), and Dickkopf‐related protein 1 (DKK1). Mineralization capacities were evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red, and Von Kossa staining followed by scanning electron microscope imaging and element mapping.ResultsAmong tested conditions, 10 nM calcitriol enhanced most cementogenic gene expression, transforming growth factor‐β1, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP‐2 and BMP‐4), core‐binding factor subunit alpha‐1/Runt‐related transcription factor 2, Type I collagen, ALP, bone sialoprotein, osteopontin), osteocalcin, CEMP1, and CAP, and Wnt signaling negative modulators, SFRP1 and DKK1, along with highest ALP activity and mineralization formation in hPDLCs. However, only moderate CEMP1 protein was observed. In contrast, EMD stimulated stronger CEMP1 and CAP protein, but presented weaker mineralization capacity, hinting at the possibility that strong stimulation of mineralization might dominate cemetogenic specific factors and vice versa.ConclusionsCalcitriol demonstrated not only great osteoinductivity, but also the potential to induce cementogenic gene expression by initiating hPDLC differentiation and promoting mineralization. Compared with calcitriol, EMD promoted cemento‐inductivity in hPDLCs at a later time point via highly expressed CEMP1 and CAP protein, but with less mineralization. Thus, calcitriol and EMD could provide differential enhancement of cemento‐induction and mineralization, likely acting at various differentiation stages.
Effects of whole peanut within an energy‐restricted diet on inflammatory and oxidative processes in obese women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: de Oliveira Fialho Cristiane Gonçalves , Moreira Ana Paula Boroni , Bressan Josefina , de Cássia Gonçalves Alfenas Rita , Mattes Richard , Costa Neuza Maria Brunoro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPeanut consumption has little effect on body weight, despite its high energy density and is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that the consumption of whole peanut would be associated with greater improvements in body composition, lipid profile, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress.METHODOLOGYTwenty‐four women with obesity [body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg m−2], 33.1 ± 8.7 years old, were assigned to three groups and consumed 56 g of whole peanut (WP), skinned peanut (SP), and no peanut (NP) and consumed energy‐restricted diets (250 kcal d−1 less than their customary diet) for 8 weeks.RESULTSWP group lost an average of 3.2 kg, while SP group lost 2.6 kg and the NP group 1.8 kg. However, only the groups that consumed peanuts showed a significant reduction in BMI. WP group presented lower body weight, BMI, waist circumference, total lean mass, and total body fat than the SP group in the eighth week. There was a significant reduction in total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) after 4 weeks of intervention, which was maintained in week‐8 for the WP and SP groups. In addition, there was an improvement in platelets and plasma homocysteine with WP group.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that the regular intake of the whole peanut as part of an energy‐restricted diet showed health benefits since it enhanced body weight loss, besides improving body composition and reducing cholesterol, platelets, and homocysteine concentrations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Association Between Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Characteristics and Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer
Authors: Wen Baojie , Kong Wentao , Zhang Yidan , Xue Haiyan , Wu Min , Wang Feng 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the correlation between contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features and molecular subtypes of breast cancer (BC).MethodsA total of 116 patients (116 lesions) with pathologically diagnosed BC who received conventional ultrasound and CEUS before surgery were enrolled in this study. BC molecular subtypes were identified by postoperative pathological and immunohistochemical analysis as Luminal A (LA), Luminal B (LB), HER2 (H2) over‐expression, and triple‐negative (TN). Qualitative and quantitative CEUS characteristics were analyzed by one‐way analysis of variance (continuous variables) or Pearson's χ2 test or Fisher's exact probability method (categorical variables).ResultsThere were significant differences in enhancement speed and enhancement degree among the four subtypes (P < .05). The area under the curve (AUC), time to peak (TTP), and peak intensity (PI) differed among the four subtypes (P < .05). The AUC of the LA subtype (305.1 ± 188.4) was significantly smaller compared with the H2 (535.7 ± 222.0, P = .007) and TN subtypes (496.6 ± 254.7, P = .019). In addition, TTP was shorter in the H2 subtype (19.8 ± 4.9) compared with the other subtypes, and was significantly shorter than in the LA subtype (26.3 ± 7.2, P = .008) and LB subtype (23.1 ± 6.7, P = .036). The PI of the LA subtype (4.7 ± 2.3) was significantly lower than that of the LB (6.6 ± 2.3, P = .027), H2 (7.4 ± 2.2, P = .005), and TN subtypes (6.9 ± 2.6, P = .014).ConclusionsCEUS features differed significantly among different molecular subtypes of BC. The enhancement patterns and parameters may be important predictive features of different subtypes of BC.
Regional differentiation in the ecological effects of land cover change in China
Authors: Wang Hui , Liu Yanxu , Cai Liping , Fan Donglin , Wang Yijia , Yao Ying 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLand cover changes driven by either land degradation or land development have caused distinct alterations of the global environment. China has experienced a large area of land degradation and development, while the environmental responses to the national land cover changes are still vague. Based on remote‐sensed datasets, we analyzed the multiple ecological effects (temperature, biomass formation, and observed greenness) of land cover changes in China and their regional differences through neighbourhood analysis and Geogdetector, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for mitigating land degradation and sustainable land development. The results showed that the conversion of cultivated land to grassland and shrubland led to reductions in the greenness effect (−0.017) and biomass formation effect (−0.015 kg C m‐2), while the conversion of forest to grassland and shrubland led to a reduction in greenness (−0.01) and an increase in temperature (0.079°C). As the amplitude of the change in the land cover fraction increased, these trends became more obvious and irreversible. The same land cover change could have either positive or negative ecological effects in different climatic regions and at different elevation levels. In particular, the conversion of forests to grassland and shrubland had a warming effect on all climatic regions and elevation levels. The results can provide a regionally differentiated basis for improving China's current land use policy regarding the balance between cultivated land and natural land.
Microarthropods and vegetation as biological indicators of soil quality studied in poor sandy sites at former military facilities
Authors: Gruss Iwona , Twardowski Jacek , Nebeská Diana , Trögl Josef , Stefanovska Tatyana , Pidlisnyuk Valentina , Machová Iva 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiota play major roles in soil function and are highly sensitive to any disturbances including land degradation. However, it is not fully understood which organisms and what parameters can be useful in assessing soil quality. To fill this research gap we searched for good indicators of changes in environmental quality that could help to assess land degradation. Next to indicators using physical and chemical parameters, biological agents can also provide a lot of information. To obtain such knowledge we compared the soil quality of former military sites, which differed mainly in the texture, nutrients and organic carbon content based on fauna and vegetation indices. Among the fauna indices were Collembola and Acari abundance, Soil Biological Quality index (QBS‐ar), decomposition rate and feeding activity. The Ellenberg index was used as a vegetation indicator, in which the response to pH, nutrients, and moisture was analysed. The experiment was conducted at 2 former military sites in the Czech Republic. Site 2 was characterised by higher nutrient content and a more compact soil structure in comparison to site 1. It was found that almost all fauna and vegetation indices showed better soil quality in site 2. The significant changes were indicated by the Collembola abundance, QBS‐ar index and feeding activity, as well as response to pH considering vegetation indicators. Finally, we conclude the usefulness of biological indicators for monitoring the quality of soil, which can be adopted when making decisions concerning land use.
Oro‐pharyngo‐esophageal radionuclide scintigraphy predicts aspiration pneumonia risk and associated survival in post‐irradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients
Authors: Ku Peter K. M. , Wang Ki , Vlantis Alexander C. , Tang Evelyn W. K. , Hui Thomas S. C. , Lai Ronald , Yeung Zenon W. C. , Cho Ryan H. W. , Law Thomas , Chan Simon Y. P. , Chan Becky Y. T. , Wong Jeffrey K. T. , van Hasselt Andrew , Tong Michael C. F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo demonstrate that oro‐pharyngo‐esophageal radionuclide scintigraphy (OPERS) not only detects tracheobronchial aspiration after swallowing, but also quantifies the amount of aspiration and subsequent clearance.MethodsData collected between 2014 and 2019 were reviewed for aspiration pneumonia at 12 and 24‐months after OPERS. The predictive value for aspiration pneumonia on flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), and OPERS, and the overall survival of patients with or without aspiration were determined.ResultsThirty‐seven patients treated with radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were reviewed. The incidence of aspiration detected on FEES, VFSS, and OPERS was 78.4%, 66.7%, and 44.4%, respectively. Using VFSS as a gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of OPERS for aspiration was 73.7% and 100%. The positive and negative predictive values for aspiration were 100% and 66.7%, respectively, with an overall accuracy of 82.8%. A history of aspiration pneumonia was one factor associated with a higher chance of subsequent aspiration pneumonia within 12 months (odds ratio: 15.5, 95% CI 1.67–145.8, p < .05) and 24 months (odds ratio: 23.8, 95% CI 3.69–152.89, p < .01) of the swallowing assessment. Aspiration detected by OPERS was a significant risk factor for future aspiration pneumonia at 12 and 24 months respectively. Significantly, better survival was associated with an absence of aspiration on OPERS only, but not on FEES or VFSS.ConclusionOPERS predicts the safety of swallowing, the incidence of subsequent aspiration pneumonia, and the survival prognosis in post‐irradiated NPC dysphagia patients.Level of Evidence3.