bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent developments of the pragmatic markerskind ofandsort ofin spoken British English
Authors: REICHELT SUSAN 
Published: November 2021

This study reports on recent changes in the use of the hedgeskind ofandsort ofin spoken British English over the past twenty years. A quantitative analysis of these features within subsets of the original BNC 1994 (BNC Consortium 2007) and BNC 2014 (Loveet al. 2017) suggests a systematic encroaching ofkind ofinto contexts that are traditionally occupied bysort of. This is highlighted in apparent-time patterns in which younger speakers are leading in use as well as real-time patterns that show a significant increase in use between 1994 and 2014.The hedgessort ofandkind ofare often treated as semantically equivalent, yet show distributional differences across different varieties of English. This article reports on an ongoing shift in the use ofkind ofas well as a relatively stable use ofsort of. Its main focus is a detailed sociolinguistic analysis of both variants, which, in addition to social factors involved, teases apart some of the linguistic aspects of this shift.In line with the theme of this special issue, the article draws attention to the usefulness of comparable, or comparably made, corpora that allow for focused studies of linguistic change across speakers, generations, registers and communities.
SMALL-SCALE EQUIDISTRIBUTION OF RANDOM WAVES GENERATED BY AN UNFAIR COIN FLIP
Authors: LEONHARDT MIRIAM J. , TACY MELISSA 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper we study the small-scale equidistribution property of random waves whose coefficients are determined by an unfair coin. That is, the coefficients take value
$+1$
with probability p and
$-1$
with probability
$1-p$
. Random waves whose coefficients are associated with a fair coin are known to equidistribute down to the wavelength scale. We obtain explicit requirements on the deviation from the fair (
$p=0.5$
) coin to retain equidistribution.
Reducing political polarization in Hong Kong: a pilot experiment of deliberation
Authors: Shen Fei , Yu Wenting 
Published: November 2021

AbstractContemporary Hong Kong is riven by serious political and social polarization. Hong Kong's problem does not lie in ideological differences among citizens; rather, the major issue is that people of different political stripes view each other as enemies. In this study, we conducted two experiments to compare the impacts of deliberation and discussion on political depolarization. In study 1, we invited participants of opposing views toward the Article 23 legislation and conducted a 90-min discussion session. The participants were divided into two groups: deliberation and causal discussion. The deliberation group received an information booklet on the issue and had to strictly follow rules of deliberation whereas the causal discussion group had no such stimuli. In study 2, we used video recordings from study 1 and presented the videos to two groups of participants. One group of participants watched the deliberation video and the other group watched the causal discussion video. The main finding of the study is both deliberation and causal discussion had mixed effects on reducing political polarization. After discussion, issue attitude and issue polarization remained largely the same, but people's attitude toward others with opposing views became more favorable and affective polarization was reduced. No systematic differences were found between deliberation and discussion. And watching discussion and deliberation will deliver similar effects but to a lesser extent.
Optical information processing using dual state quantum dot lasers: complexity through simplicity
Authors: Kelleher Bryan , Dillane Michael , Viktorov Evgeny A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe review results on the optical injection of dual state InAs quantum dot-based semiconductor lasers. The two states in question are the so-called ground state and first excited state of the laser. This ability to lase from two different energy states is unique amongst semiconductor lasers and in combination with the high, intrinsic relaxation oscillation damping of the material and the novel, inherent cascade like carrier relaxation process, endows optically injected dual state quantum dot lasers with many unique dynamical properties. Particular attention is paid to fast state switching, antiphase excitability, novel information processing techniques and optothermally induced neuronal phenomena. We compare and contrast some of the physical properties of the system with other optically injected two state devices such as vertical cavity surface emitting lasers and ring lasers. Finally, we offer an outlook on the use of quantum dot material in photonic integrated circuits.
Chemotoxicity-induced exosomal lncFERO regulates ferroptosis and stemness in gastric cancer stem cells
Authors: Zhang Haiyang , Wang Meng , He Yi , Deng Ting , Liu Rui , Wang Weixue , Zhu Kegan , Bai Ming , Ning Tao , Yang Haiou , Liu Ying , Wang Junyi , Ba Yi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are an important cause of tumor recurrence and drug resistance. As a new type of cell death that relies on iron ions and is strictly regulated by intracellular and extracellular signals, the role of ferroptosis in tumor stem cells deserves extensive attention. Mass spectrum was applied to screen for ferroptosis-related proteins in gastric cancer (GC). Sphere-formation assay was used to estimate the stemness of gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs). Exosomal lnc-ENDOG-1:1 (lncFERO) was isolated by ultracentrifugation. Ferroptosis was induced by erastin and was assessed by detecting lipid ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell death. Furthermore, a series of functional in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of lncFERO on regulating ferroptosis and chemosensitivity in GCSCs. Here, we showed that stearoyl-CoA-desaturase (SCD1) played a key role in regulating lipid metabolism and ferroptosis in GCSCs. Importantly, exosomal lncFERO (exo-lncFERO) derived from GC cells was demonstrated to promote SCD1 expression by directly interacting with SCD1 mRNA and recruiting heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1), which resulted in the dysregulation of PUFA levels and the suppression of ferroptosis in GCSCs. Moreover, we found that hnRNPA1 was also involved in lncFERO packing into exosomes in GC cells, and both in vitro and in vivo data suggested that chemotoxicity induced lncFERO secretion from GC cells by upregulating hnRNPA1 expression, leading to enhanced stemness and acquired chemo-resistance. All these data suggest that GC cells derived exo-lncFERO controls GCSC tumorigenic properties through suppressing ferroptosis, and targeting exo-lncFERO/hnRNPA1/SCD1 axis combined with chemotherapy could be a promising CSC-based strategy for the treatment of GC.
Ankle-brachial index and ocular diseases in a Russian population
Authors: Bikbov Mukharram M. , Gilmanshin Timur R. , Zainullin Rinat M. , Rakhimova Ellina M. , Rusakova Iuliia A. , Fakhretdinova Albina A. , Tuliakova Azaliia M. , Kazakbaeva Gyulli M. , Panda-Jonas Songhomitra , Safiullina Kamilia R. , Bolshakova Nataliia I. , Gizzatov Ainur V. , Ponomarev Ildar P. , Nikitin Nikolai A. , Baimukhametov Nail E. , Jonas Jost B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
To assess potential associations between the ankle-brachial blood pressure index (ABI) and ocular disorders.

Methods
In the population-based cross-sectional Russian Ural Eye and Medical Study including 5,899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible participants aged 40+ years, the participants underwent a series of ocular and medical examinations including measurement of ABI.

Results
Blood pressure measurements of both arms and ankles were available for 3187 (54.0%) individuals. The mean ABI was 1.26 ± 0.19 (median:1.20; range: 0.61, 2.20). In multivariate analysis, a higher ABI was associated with younger age (P < 0.001; non-standardized regression coefficient B: −0.001; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.002, −0.001), female sex (P < 0.001; B: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.04), lower body mass index (P < 0.001; B: −0.004; 95% CI: −0.006, −0.003), lower waist-to-hip ratio (P = 0.01; B: −0.10; 95% CI: −0.17, −0.02), lower glucose serum concentration (P = 0.008; B: −0.005; 95% CI: −0.009, −0.001), lower prevalence of arterial hypertension (P < 0.001; B: −0.14; 95% CI: −0.16, −0.12), higher mean systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001; B: 0.003; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.003), and higher prevalence of any alcohol consumption (P < 0.001; B: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.04). In that multivariate model, prevalence of glaucoma (P = 0.67) as a whole, open-angle glaucoma (P = 0.86) and angle-closure glaucoma (P = 0.54), stage of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (P = 0.57), prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (P = 0.88), prevalence and stage of diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.30, and P = 0.29, respectively), nuclear cataract (P = 0.32, and P = 0.41, resp.), cortical cataract (P = 0.33, and P = 0.92, resp.), subcapsular cataract (P = 0.74 and P = 0.60, resp.), and pseudoexfoliation (P = 0.44 and P = 0.47, resp.), intraocular pressure (P = 0.52), axial length (P = 0.20), and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (P = 0.55) were not significantly associated with the ABI.

Conclusions
In this ethnically mixed population from Russia, none of the major ocular diseases was associated with ABI suggesting that subclinical atherosclerosis is not markedly associated with the aetiology of these ocular disorders.
Noise-induced barren plateaus in variational quantum algorithms
Authors: Wang Samson , Fontana Enrico , Cerezo M. , Sharma Kunal , Sone Akira , Cincio Lukasz , Coles Patrick J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVariational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) may be a path to quantum advantage on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers. A natural question is whether noise on NISQ devices places fundamental limitations on VQA performance. We rigorously prove a serious limitation for noisy VQAs, in that the noise causes the training landscape to have a barren plateau (i.e., vanishing gradient). Specifically, for the local Pauli noise considered, we prove that the gradient vanishes exponentially in the number of qubitsnif the depth of the ansatz grows linearly withn. These noise-induced barren plateaus (NIBPs) are conceptually different from noise-free barren plateaus, which are linked to random parameter initialization. Our result is formulated for a generic ansatz that includes as special cases the Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz and the Unitary Coupled Cluster Ansatz, among others. For the former, our numerical heuristics demonstrate the NIBP phenomenon for a realistic hardware noise model.
The NUCKS1-SKP2-p21/p27 axis controls S phase entry
Authors: Hume Samuel , Grou Claudia P. , Lascaux Pauline , D’Angiolella Vincenzo , Legrand Arnaud J. , Ramadan Kristijan , Dianov Grigory L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEfficient entry into S phase of the cell cycle is necessary for embryonic development and tissue homoeostasis. However, unscheduled S phase entry triggers DNA damage and promotes oncogenesis, underlining the requirement for strict control. Here, we identify the NUCKS1-SKP2-p21/p27 axis as a checkpoint pathway for the G1/S transition. In response to mitogenic stimulation, NUCKS1, a transcription factor, is recruited to chromatin to activate expression of SKP2, the F-box component of the SCFSKP2 ubiquitin ligase, leading to degradation of p21 and p27 and promoting progression into S phase. In contrast, DNA damage induces p53-dependent transcriptional repression of NUCKS1, leading to SKP2 downregulation, p21/p27 upregulation, and cell cycle arrest. We propose that the NUCKS1-SKP2-p21/p27 axis integrates mitogenic and DNA damage signalling to control S phase entry. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data reveal that this mechanism is hijacked in many cancers, potentially allowing cancer cells to sustain uncontrolled proliferation.
Bone marrow sinusoidal endothelium controls terminal erythroid differentiation and reticulocyte maturation
Authors: Heil Joschka , Olsavszky Victor , Busch Katrin , Klapproth Kay , de la Torre Carolina , Sticht Carsten , Sandorski Kajetan , Hoffmann Johannes , Schönhaber Hiltrud , Zierow Johanna , Winkler Manuel , Schmid Christian David , Staniczek Theresa , Daniels Deborah E. , Frayne Jan , Metzgeroth Georgia , Nowak Daniel , Schneider Sven , Neumaier Michael , Weyer Vanessa , Groden Christoph , Gröne Hermann-Josef , Richter Karsten , Mogler Carolin , Taketo Makoto Mark , Schledzewski Kai , Géraud Cyrill , Goerdt Sergij , Koch Philipp-Sebastian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWithin the bone marrow microenvironment, endothelial cells (EC) exert important functions. Arterial EC support hematopoiesis while H-type capillaries induce bone formation. Here, we show that BM sinusoidal EC (BM-SEC) actively control erythropoiesis. Mice with stabilized β-catenin in BM-SEC (Ctnnb1OE-SEC) generated by using a BM-SEC-restricted Cre mouse line (Stab2-iCreF3) develop fatal anemia. While activation of Wnt-signaling in BM-SEC causes an increase in erythroblast subsets (PII–PIV), mature erythroid cells (PV) are reduced indicating impairment of terminal erythroid differentiation/reticulocyte maturation. Transplantation of Ctnnb1OE-SEC hematopoietic stem cells into wildtype recipients confirms lethal anemia to be caused by cell-extrinsic, endothelial-mediated effects. Ctnnb1OE-SEC BM-SEC reveal aberrant sinusoidal differentiation with altered EC gene expression and perisinusoidal ECM deposition and angiocrine dysregulation with de novo endothelial expression of FGF23 and DKK2, elevated in anemia and involved in vascular stabilization, respectively. Our study demonstrates that BM-SEC play an important role in the bone marrow microenvironment in health and disease.
Observation of elastic spin with chiral meta-sources
Authors: Yuan Weitao , Yang Chenwen , Zhang Danmei , Long Yang , Pan Yongdong , Zhong Zheng , Chen Hong , Zhao Jinfeng , Ren Jie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDirectional routing of one-way classical wave has raised tremendous interests about spin-related phenomena. This sparks specifically the elastic wave study of pseudo-spin in meta-structures to perform robust manipulations. Unlike pseudo-spin in mathematics, the intrinsic spin angular momentum of elastic wave is predicted quite recently which exhibits selective excitation of unidirectional propagation even in conventional solids. However, due to the challenge of building up chiral elastic sources, the experimental observation of intrinsic spin of elastic wave is still missing. Here, we successfully measure the elastic spin in Rayleigh and Lamb modes by adopting elaborately designed chiral meta-sources that excite locally rotating displacement polarization. We observe the unidirectional routing of chiral elastic waves, characterize the different elastic spins along different directions, and demonstrate the spin-momentum locking in broad frequency ranges. We also find the selective one-way Lamb wave carries opposite elastic spin on two plate surfaces in additional to the source chirality.
Two-colour single-molecule photoinduced electron transfer fluorescence imaging microscopy of chaperone dynamics
Authors: Schubert Jonathan , Schulze Andrea , Prodromou Chrisostomos , Neuweiler Hannes 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany proteins are molecular machines, whose function is dependent on multiple conformational changes that are initiated and tightly controlled through biochemical stimuli. Their mechanistic understanding calls for spectroscopy that can probe simultaneously such structural coordinates. Here we present two-colour fluorescence microscopy in combination with photoinduced electron transfer (PET) probes as a method that simultaneously detects two structural coordinates in single protein molecules, one colour per coordinate. This contrasts with the commonly applied resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique that requires two colours per coordinate. We demonstrate the technique by directly and simultaneously observing three critical structural changes within the Hsp90 molecular chaperone machinery. Our results reveal synchronicity of conformational motions at remote sites during ATPase-driven closure of the Hsp90 molecular clamp, providing evidence for a cooperativity mechanism in the chaperone’s catalytic cycle. Single-molecule PET fluorescence microscopy opens up avenues in the multi-dimensional exploration of protein dynamics and allosteric mechanisms.
Immune response against SARS-CoV-2 variants: the role of neutralization assays
Authors: Chmielewska Alicja Maria , Czarnota Anna , Bieńkowska-Szewczyk Krystyna , Grzyb Katarzyna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSince the emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has hindered social life and global economic activity. As of July 2021, SARS-CoV-2 has caused over four million deaths. The rapid spread and high mortality of the disease demanded the international scientific community to develop effective vaccines in a matter of months. However, unease about vaccine efficacy has arisen with the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). Time- and cost-efficient in vitro neutralization assays are widely used to measure neutralizing antibody responses against VOCs. However, the extent to which in vitro neutralization reflects protection from infection remains unclear. Here, we describe common neutralization assays based on infectious and pseudotyped viruses and evaluate their role in testing neutralizing responses against new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Additionally, we briefly review the recent findings on the immune response elicited by available vaccines against major SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta.
Genetically encoded photo-switchable molecular sensors for optoacoustic and super-resolution imaging
Authors: Mishra Kanuj , Fuenzalida-Werner Juan Pablo , Pennacchietti Francesca , Janowski Robert , Chmyrov Andriy , Huang Yuanhui , Zakian Christian , Klemm Uwe , Testa Ilaria , Niessing Dierk , Ntziachristos Vasilis , Stiel Andre C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReversibly photo-switchable proteins are essential for many super-resolution fluorescence microscopic and optoacoustic imaging methods. However, they have yet to be used as sensors that measure the distribution of specific analytes at the nanoscale or in the tissues of live animals. Here we constructed the prototype of a photo-switchable Ca2+ sensor based on GCaMP5G that can be switched with 405/488-nm light and describe its molecular mechanisms at the structural level, including the importance of the interaction of the core barrel structure of the fluorescent protein with the Ca2+ receptor moiety. We demonstrate super-resolution imaging of Ca2+ concentration in cultured cells and optoacoustic Ca2+ imaging in implanted tumor cells in mice under controlled Ca2+ conditions. Finally, we show the generalizability of the concept by constructing examples of photo-switching maltose and dopamine sensors based on periplasmatic binding protein and G-protein-coupled receptor-based sensors.
Jumping with adhesion: landing surface incline alters impact force and body kinematics in crested geckos
Authors: Higham Timothy E. , Hofmann Mara N. S. , Modert Michelle , Thielen Marc , Speck Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractArboreal habitats are characterized by a complex three-dimensional array of branches that vary in numerous characteristics, including incline, compliance, roughness, and diameter. Gaps must often be crossed, and this is frequently accomplished by leaping. Geckos bearing an adhesive system often jump in arboreal habitats, although few studies have examined their jumping biomechanics. We investigated the biomechanics of landing on smooth surfaces in crested geckos, Correlophus ciliatus, asking whether the incline of the landing platform alters impact forces and mid-air body movements. Using high-speed videography, we examined jumps from a horizontal take-off platform to horizontal, 45° and 90° landing platforms. Take-off velocity was greatest when geckos were jumping to a horizontal platform. Geckos did not modulate their body orientation in the air. Body curvature during landing, and landing duration, were greatest on the vertical platform. Together, these significantly reduced the impact force on the vertical platform. When landing on a smooth vertical surface, the geckos must engage the adhesive system to prevent slipping and falling. In contrast, landing on a horizontal surface requires no adhesion, but incurs high impact forces. Despite a lack of mid-air modulation, geckos appear robust to changing landing conditions.
HLA-G genetic diversity and evolutive aspects in worldwide populations
Authors: Castelli Erick C. , de Almeida Bibiana S. , Muniz Yara C. N. , Silva Nayane S. B. , Passos Marília R. S. , Souza Andreia S. , Page Abigail E. , Dyble Mark , Smith Daniel , Aguileta Gabriela , Bertranpetit Jaume , Migliano Andrea B. , Duarte Yeda A. O. , Scliar Marília O. , Wang Jaqueline , Passos-Bueno Maria Rita , Naslavsky Michel S. , Zatz Mayana , Mendes-Junior Celso Teixeira , Donadi Eduardo A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHLA-Gis a promiscuous immune checkpoint molecule. TheHLA-Ggene presents substantial nucleotide variability in its regulatory regions. However, it encodes a limited number of proteins compared to classical HLA class I genes. We characterized theHLA-Ggenetic variability in 4640 individuals from 88 different population samples across the globe by using a state-of-the-art method to characterize polymorphisms and haplotypes from high-coverage next-generation sequencing data. We also provide insights regarding theHLA-Ggenetic diversity and a resource for future studies evaluatingHLA-Gpolymorphisms in different populations and association studies. Despite the great haplotype variability, we demonstrated that: (1) most of theHLA-Gpolymorphisms are in introns and regulatory sequences, and these are the sites with evidence of balancing selection, (2) linkage disequilibrium is high throughout the gene, extending up toHLA-A,(3) there are few proteins frequently observed in worldwide populations, with lack of variation in residues associated with majorHLA-Gbiological properties (dimer formation, interaction with leukocyte receptors). These observations corroborate the role ofHLA-Gas an immune checkpoint molecule rather than as an antigen-presenting molecule. UnderstandingHLA-Gvariability across populations is relevant for disease association and functional studies.
Linear response theory in stock markets
Authors: Puertas Antonio M. , Trinidad-Segovia Juan E. , Sánchez-Granero Miguel A. , Clara-Rahora Joaquim , de las Nieves F. Javier 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLinear response theory relates the response of a system to a weak external force with its dynamics in equilibrium, subjected to fluctuations. Here, this framework is applied to financial markets; in particular we study the dynamics of a set of stocks from the NASDAQ during the last 20 years. Because unambiguous identification of external forces is not possible, critical events are identified in the series of stock prices as sudden changes, and the stock dynamics following an event is taken as the response to the external force. Linear response theory is applied with the log-return as the conjugate variable of the force, providing predictions for the average response of the price and return, which agree with observations, but fails to describe the volatility because this is expected to be beyond linear response. The identification of the conjugate variable allows us to define the perturbation energy for a system of stocks, and observe its relaxation after an event.