bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus disease 2019‐associated immunoglobulin A vasculitis/Henoch–Schönlein purpura: A case report and review
Authors: Jedlowski Patrick M. , Jedlowski Mahdieh F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImmunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis or Henoch–Schönlein purpura is a predominantly pediatric disease occurring after a triggering viral or bacterial infection. Conversely, drug exposure is the most common inciting event in adult cases of IgA vasculitis. Recently, data has suggested a temporal association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and the development of IgA vasculitis in children and adults. Here, we describe a case of IgA vasculitis with nephritis in a 70‐year‐old man with COVID‐19 and perform a comprehensive review of eight reported cases of suspected COVID‐19‐associated IgA vasculitis. When compared to classical IgA vasculitis, COVID‐19‐associated IgA vasculitis exclusively affects males (p < 0.00002) and is more common in adults (p < 0.005). Among cases of COVID‐19‐associated IgA vasculitis, adult cases were associated with significantly more arthralgia than pediatric cases (p = 0.04). In cases where skin biopsy was obtained, direct immunofluorescence (DIF) was negative for IgA in 50% of cases; thereafter, kidney biopsy DIF was positive for IgA in all cases. With this study, we provide support for an association between IgA vasculitis and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and provide clinical information differentiating its manifestations from classical IgA vasculitis.
A novel nomogram based on a retrospective study of 346 patients to predict the recurrence risk of condyloma acuminatum after 5‐aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhou Shu , Gu Li , Shi Zhinan , Gu Liqun , Zhou Bingrong , Hua Hui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCondyloma acuminatum (CA) is a sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) often with high recurrence rate after treatment. This study aimed to construct and evaluate a nomogram model containing three clinical parameters to predict the recurrence risk of CA after 5‐aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA‐PDT). A predictive model was established based on a training cohort of 346 CA patients treated with ALA‐PDT between January 2013 and July 2018. A validation cohort of 123 CA patients was recruited from August 2018 to December 2019. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was used to optimize the clinical feature selection. A nomogram predicting the recurrence of CA after ALA‐PDT was constructed based on the predictors identified by LASSO regression. C‐index and area under the curve (AUC) values were used to evaluate the discrimination. Calibration was evaluated with a calibration curve. The net benefit was performed via decision curve analysis (DCA).In the training cohort, 55 (15.89%) patients experienced recurrences after ALA‐PDT. Predictors selected by LASSO regression were concomitant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection [Hazard ratio (HR) = 4.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.5–7.9; p < 0.001], skin and mucosa as affected area (HR = 1.7; 95% CI, 0.9–3.1; p = 0.109), and more than one time of CO2 laser therapy (HR = 6.3; 95% CI, 2.8–13.9; p < 0.001). The nomogram showed a good performance in predicting recurrence as the C‐indexes were 0.843 (95% CI, 0.799–0.887) in the training cohort, and 0.831 (95% CI, 0.727–0.934) in the validation cohort. The AUCs of the nomogram were 0.85 in training and 0.8 in validation. DCA confirmed the nomogram was clinically useful when the intervention was determined at the non‐adherence possibility threshold of 5%. This nomogram can provide individualized prediction for the recurrence risk of CA in patients treated by ALA‐PDT.
Adaptive variation among oaks in wood anatomical properties is shaped by climate of origin and shows limited plasticity across environments
Authors: Fontes Clarissa G. , Pinto‐Ledezma Jesús , Jacobsen Anna L. , Pratt R. Brandon , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractClimate is a major evolutionary force in driving adaptive differentiation and plasticity in plant function. Xylem anatomy and hydraulic architecture are critical to water use, growth and responses of trees to drought and thus important in delimiting their ecological niches. How wood properties have been shaped through evolution by their climatic origins and the importance of plasticity for species persistence remain open questions critical to understanding plant responses to changing climate.We measured 11 wood anatomical traits for 18Quercus(oak) species in arboreta that span contrasting climates (California‐US, southwestern France and central England). We investigated coordinate evolution of xylem anatomical properties with climatic niche and intraspecific variation in relation to growth environment.Species originating from climates with drier summers had traits associated with higher resistance to drought—higher density of vasicentric tracheids (VT), lower vessel hydraulic diameter (Dmh) and lower hydraulic conductivity. Species that evolved in climates with drier, hotter summers or colder winters had higher numbers of VT than those from mesic climates, supporting hypotheses that VT are critical for water transport during drought. We found limited intraspecific variation in xylem traits associated with growth environment—only four traits (pit fraction, VT, vessel density andDmh)—differed among gardens.Xylem traits showed high lability across the phylogeny, consistent with evidence for parallel sympatric adaptive radiation and global diversification of the oaks. Our results provide evidence for the physiological mechanisms that underlie adaptation to changing environments and responses to climate change.
Episodes of high recruitment buffer against climate‐driven mass mortality events in a North Pacific seabird population
Authors: Johns Michael E. , Warzybok Pete , Jahncke Jaime , Doak Pat , Lindberg Mark , Breed Greg A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Longitudinal studies of marked animals provide an opportunity to assess the relative contributions of survival and reproductive output to population dynamics and change.

Cassin's auklets are a long‐lived seabird that maximizes annual reproductive effort in resource‐rich years through a behaviour called double brooding, the initiation of a second breeding attempt following the success of the first during the same season. Our objective was to explore whether double brooding influenced population change by contributing a greater number of future recruits.

We fit temporal symmetry models to 32 years of mark–recapture data of Cassin's auklets to infer the mechanisms underlying the observed variability in per capita recruitment rates.

We found that periodic peaks in recruitment were explained by an increase in available nest sites, the proportion of the population double brooding 4 years prior, and spring upwelling conditions. Estimates of population change suggests a relatively stable population throughout the time series, attributable to a ‘floating’ demographic class of sexually mature individuals excluded from breeding by competition which quickly fill vacant sites following periods of low adult survival.

Our results highlight the importance of recruitment in maintaining the population of a long‐lived seabird periodically impacted by adverse environmental conditions.
UK‐US Trade Relations and ‘Global Britain’
Authors: Heron Tony , Siles‐Brügge Gabriel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA UK‐US free trade agreement has consistently been presented as the main prize from the UK's much touted post‐Brexit trade policy independence. The UK Prime Minister's admission that this was not going to be realised any time soon may have surprised media pundits, but it merely confirmed what had become increasingly apparent since the referendum: that a free trade agreement with the US was a long shot. Taken together with the short‐lived suggestion of the UK joining the United States‐Mexico‐Canada Agreement (USMCA), we argue that it is the desire to perform ‘independence’ from the European Union rather than policy content which is driving the UK's trade strategy.
Desperately seeking reductions in health inequalities in Canada: Polemics and anger mobilization as the way forward?
Authors: Raphael Dennis , Bryant Toba , Govender Piara , Medvedyuk Stella , Mendly‐Zambo Zsofia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProgress in reducing health inequalities through public policy action is difficult in nations identified as liberal welfare states. In Canada, as elsewhere, researchers and advocates provide governing authorities with empirical findings on the sources of health inequalities and document the lived experiences of those encountering these adverse health outcomes with the hope of provoking public policy action. However, critical analysis of the societal structures and processes that make improving the sources of health inequalities difficult—the quality and distribution of living and working conditions, that is the social determinants of health—identifies limitations in these approaches. Within this latter critical tradition, we consider—using household food insecurity in Canada as an illustration—how polemics and anger mobilization, usually absent in health inequalities research and advocacy—could force Canadian governing authorities to reduce health inequalities through public policy action. We explore the potential of using high valence terms such as structural violence, social death and social murder, which make explicit the adverse outcomes of health‐threatening public policy to force government action. We conclude by outlining the potential benefits and threats posed by polemics and anger mobilization as means of promoting health equity.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the forensic setting: A series of 19 forensic cases
Authors: Layman Andrew J. , Lin Peter T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) employs vascular cannulation and a gas exchange circuit to provide support to patients with severely compromised cardiopulmonary function. ECMO is often the last intervention taken before death and thus presents a unique challenge to medical examiners. This study describes the characteristics of decedents on ECMO at the time of death, including clinical indications, types of circuit configurations, causes and manners of death, gross findings at autopsy, and therapeutic complications. Files of a regional medical examiner office within an academic medical center were searched for the period between 2013 and 2019. Nineteen cases were identified with a median age of 36 years. The circumstances surrounding the initial presentation included: sudden death, trauma, substance abuse, homicide, therapeutic complication, work‐related injury, drowning, and hypothermia. The underlying causes of death included injury‐related, as well as respiratory and cardiac‐related natural diseases. The time spent on ECMO varied from less than 1 h to 10 months. Complications encountered due to ECMO included cannulation site bleeding, pneumohemopericardium, retroperitoneal hematoma, limb ischemia, clotting, and cannula dislodgement. The patient population likely to receive ECMO has significant overlap with death circumstances likely to be reported to the medical examiner. As ECMO therapy has become increasingly available, it is of importance for medical examiners and death investigators to be familiar with the procedure as well as its limitations. Familiarity with ECMO and its sequelae allows for the proper documentation of postmortem findings and fosters an informed determination of the cause and manner of death.
Short‐ and long‐term effects of an extreme case of autotomy: does “tail” loss and subsequent constipation decrease the locomotor performance of male and female scorpions?
Authors: GARCÍA‐HERNÁNDEZ Solimary , MACHADO Glauco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn many taxa, individuals voluntarily detach a body part as a form to increase their chances of escaping predation. This defense mechanism, known as autotomy, has several consequences, such as changes in locomotor performance that may affect fitness. Scorpions of the genus Ananteris autotomize the “tail”, which in fact corresponds to the last abdominal segments. After autotomy, individuals lose nearly 25% of their body mass and the last portion of the digestive tract, including the anus, which prevents defecation and leads to constipation, because regeneration does not occur. Here, we experimentally investigated the short‐ and long‐term effects of tail loss on the locomotor performance of Ananteris balzani. In a short‐term experiment, the maximum running speed (MRS) of males and females did not change after autotomy. Moreover, the relative mass of the lost tail did not affect the change in MRS after autotomy. In a long‐term experiment, autotomy had a negative effect on the MRS of males, but not of females. Autotomized over‐fed individuals suffered from severe constipation but were not slower than autotomized normally fed individuals. In conclusion, tail loss has no immediate effect on the locomotor performance of scorpions. The long‐term decrease in the locomotor performance of autotomized males may impair mate searching. However, because death by constipation takes several months, males have a long time to find mates and reproduce. Thus, the prolonged period between autotomy and death by constipation is crucial for understanding the evolution of one of the most extreme cases of autotomy in nature.
Diagnostic performance of SHOX2 promoter methylation as biomarker for lung cancer identification: A meta‐analysis update
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxi , Lu Xiaoling , Wu Haiyan , Liu Juan , Huang He 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of short state homeobox 2 (SHOX2) promoter methylation as biomarker for lung cancer identification through aggregating the open published data.MethodsWe did an electronic search in Pubmed, EMBASE, Ovid, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to identify the publications related to SHOX2 promoter methylation and lung cancer. The diagnostic performance of sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), odds ratio (DOR), and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) cure were aggregated by fixed or random effect model. Fagan's nomogram was used to investigate the post‐test diagnostic probability. Deek's funnel plot and line regression test was applied to evaluate the publication bias.ResultsIn total, 18 clinical studies about SHOX2 promoter methylation and lung cancer were included in the meta‐analysis. The combined diagnostic SEN, SPE, DOR were 0.63 (95% CI = 0.54–0.70), 0.91 (95% CI = 0.87–0.94), and 16.84 (95% CI = 11.18–25.36) in random effect model respectively. The pooled area under the curve (AUC) of SROC was 0.88 (95% CI = 0.84–0.90). The post‐test probability of lung cancer was 88% and 29% when SHOX2 methylated and unmethylated in humoral components given a pre‐test probability of 50%. Deek's funnel plot and regression test indicated no publication bias (p = 0.62).ConclusionSHOX2 promoter methylation in humoral components may be a potential biomarker for lung cancer diagnosis with relative high diagnostic specificity.
Circular RNA circCPA4 promotes tumorigenesis by regulating miR‐214‐3p/TGIF2 in lung cancer
Authors: Tao Wenhu , Cao Cheng , Ren Gaofei , Zhou Decun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in adults. Circular RNA (circRNA) circCPA4 (hsa_circ_0082374) is highly expressed in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this study was to explore the role and mechanism of circCPA4 in lung cancer.MethodsCircCPA4, linear CPA4, TGF‐β‐induced factor homeobox 2 (TGIF2), and microRNA‐214‐3p (miR‐214‐3p) levels were measured by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). The protein levels of TGIF2, Beclin1, and p62 were assessed by western blot assay. Colony numbers, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression were examined by colony formation, wound‐healing, transwell, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The binding relationship between miR‐214‐3p and circCPA4 or TGIF2 was predicted by StarBase or TargetScan and then verified by a dual‐luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and RNA pulldown assays. The biological role of circCPA4 on lung tumor growth was assessed by a xenograft tumor model in vivo, and TGIF2 and ki‐67 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsWe determined that CircCPA4 and TGIF2 were increased, and miR‐214‐3p was decreased in lung cancer tissues and cells. Functionally, circCPA4 knockdown could suppress colony formation, migration, invasion, cell cycle progression, and expedite apoptosis of lung cancer cells in vitro. Mechanically, circCPA4 could regulate TGIF2 expression by sponging miR‐214‐3p. In addition, circCPA4 deficiency inhibited the tumor growth in lung cancer in the mouse model.ConclusionsCircCPA4 could act as a sponge of miR‐214‐3p to upregulate TGIF2 expression, thereby promoting the progression of lung cancer cells. These findings suggested underlying therapeutic targets for the treatment of lung cancer.
Intrapleural treatment in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer with malignant pleural effusions in the real world
Authors: Pan Pengfei , Wu Fengjuan , Xu Zhiyun , Ji Xiang , Qi Qian , Huang Xiaomin , Zhao Ruyue , Liu Mingtao , Jiang Peng , Li Yu , Xu Lisheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and side‐effects of intrapleural treatment in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with malignant pleural effusions (MPEs).MethodsThe medical records of NSCLC patients with MPEs diagnosed in four Chinese hospitals from October 2014 to December 2019 were searched. The Kaplan–Meier method is used to calculate median overall survival (MOS) and subgroup analyses are done.ResultsA total of 285 patients were evaluated; 81.1% of patients received intrapleural treatment, and no patients received talc pleurodesis. MOS of the whole cohort was 21 months. Patients were divided into three groups: erythromycin group (EG; intrapleural treatment with drugs and erythromycin); intrathoracic treatment group (ITG; intrapleural treatment with drugs); control group (CG; no drug treatment in the pleural cavity). The MOS of patients in the EG, ITG and CG was 20, 22, and 19 months, respectively. Among patients who received only chemotherapy as systemic therapy, the MOS of intrathoracic administration group (IAG; i.e., EG and ITG) was longer than that of CG (12 vs. 6 months; p = 0.034), and the MOS of patients with a ratio of carcinoembryonic antigen in pleural effusion (PE‐CEA): CEA in blood (B‐CEA) ≤1 is worse than that of patients with a ratio >1 (4 vs. 12 months, p = 0.021) and that of CG (4 vs. 6 months, p = 0.442).ConclusionsIntrapleural treatment can prolong the survival of NSCLC patients with MPE who do not receive targeted treatment or who only receive chemotherapy. The PE‐CEA: B‐CEA ratio can be used to predict the efficacy if intrapleural treatment is indicated.
Major adverse cardiac events after emergency department evaluation of chest pain patients with advanced testing: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mehta Prayag , McDonald Samuel , Hirani Raiz , Good Daniel , Diercks Deborah 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesOur primary objective was to describe the risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 1, 6, and 12 months after a negative coronary computed tomography angiogram (cCTA), electrocardiogram (ECG) stress test, stress echocardiography, and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) in low‐ to intermediate‐risk patients.MethodsInitially, 952 articles were identified for screening, 81 met criteria for full‐text review, and once risk of bias was assessed, 33 articles were included in this meta‐analysis. We utilized a random‐effects model to assess pooled MACE event proportion for patients undergoing evaluation of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) when risk stratified to a low‐ to intermediate‐risk category after undergoing standard testing. Heterogeneity analysis was performed using Cochrane's Q‐test and I2 statistic.ResultsTwenty‐one studies evaluated follow‐up at 1 month with cCTA having a 0.09% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.03% to 0.26%) pooled MACE compared to 0.23% (95% CI = 0.01% to 5.8%) of the exercise stress testing (p = 1). MPS and cCTA had an overall event rate of 0.15% (95% CI = 0.06% to 0.41%) at 6 months (I2 = 0%). At 12 months, a subgroup analysis found a pooled cCTA MACE of 0.16% (95% CI = 0.04% to 0.65%) compared to 1.68% (95% CI = 0.01% to 2.6%) for stress echocardiography with low within‐group heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis of cCTA with no disease versus nonobstructive disease (<50% stenosis) did not find statistical difference in the MACE at both 1 month (0.17% [95% CI = 0.04% to 0.67%] vs. 0.06% [95% CI = 0.01% to 0.34%]) and 12 months (0.44% [95% CI = 0.09% to 2.2% vs. 0.54% [95% CI = 0.19% to 1.5%]).ConclusionsPatients presenting with chest pain who have a coronary CTA showing < 50% stenosis, negative ECG stress test, stress echocardiography, or stress myocardial perfusion scan in the past 12 months can be discharged without any further risk stratification if their ECG and troponin are reassuring given low MACE.
Forecasting future prevalence and gender differences in binge drinking among young adults through 2040
Authors: Platt Jonathan M. , Jager Justin , Patrick Megan E. , Kloska Deborah , Schulenberg John , Rutherford Caroline , Keyes Katherine M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundBinge drinking among adolescents and young adults has changed over time, but patterns differ by age and gender. Identifying high‐risk groups to target future efforts at reducing drinking in this population remains a public health priority. Forecasting methods can provide a better understanding of variation and determinants of future binge drinking prevalence.MethodsWe implemented regression‐based forecasting models to estimate the prevalence and gender differences in binge drinking among cohort groups of U.S. young adults, ages 18, 23–24, and 29–30 through 2040. Forecasting models were adjusted for covariates accounting for changes in demographic, Big‐5 social roles (e.g., residential independence), and drinking norms and related substance use, to understand the drivers of forecasted binge drinking estimates.ResultsFrom the last observed cohort group (years varied by age) through 2040, unadjusted binge drinking prevalence was forecasted to decrease from 26% (95% CI: 20, 33%) (2011–15) to 11% (95% CI: 4, 27%) at age 18, decrease from 38% (95% CI: 30, 45%) (2006–2010) to 34% (95% CI: 18, 55%) at ages 23/24, and increase from 32% (95% CI: 25, 40%) (2001–2005) to 35% (95% CI: 16, 59%) at ages 29/30. Gender‐stratified forecasts show a continuation in the narrowing of binge drinking prevalence between young men and women, though the magnitude of narrowing differs by age. Estimated trends were partially explained by changing norms regarding drinking and other substance use, though these indirect effects explained less of the total trend as age increased.ConclusionsUnderstanding how covariates influence binge drinking trends can guide public health policies to leverage the most important determinants of future binge drinking to reduce the harm caused by binge drinking from adolescence to adulthood.