bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co@ag Core–Shell Nanomaterials: Preparation and Application in the Purification of Yellow River Water
Authors: Zhang Guochao , Zhao Yingying , Lai Yanjun , He Shuai , Gao Qi , Zhang Yunchao , Song Xiaoxia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, we prepared a new type of recyclable Co@Ag core–shell nanomaterials with a very simple method named displacement reaction. Co@Ag core–shell nanomaterials were prepared in AgNO3 solution with cobalt nanomaterials as the core, while the surface was coated with silver nanomaterials. Co@Ag core–shell nanomaterials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and oscillating sample magnetometer (VSM).We found that the diameter of the Co@Ag core–shell nanomaterials was about 100nm, which was exhibited in form of elemental elements andobvious magnetic properties.In order to evaluate the bacteriostatic effect of Co@Ag core–shell nanomaterials, we used qualitative and quantitative methods to assess the bacteriostatic effect of these materials on standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853, Gram - negative bacterium), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923, Gram-positive bacterium), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922, Gram-negative bacterium) and Candida albicans (ATTC 90029, yeast) in Yellow River water in vitro. The results show that Co@Ag core–shell nanomaterials have a significant antibacterial effect. In addition, Co@Ag core–shell nanomaterials can be recycled through an external magnetic field to reduce environmental pollution. Interestingly, the reclaimed Co@Ag core–shell nanomaterials can still have antibacterial activity and can be reused. These results indicate that Co@Ag core–shell nanomaterials may have potential application as disinfectants for water.
IFI16 induces inflammation in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Glomerulonephritis by Regulating the Caspase-1 /IL-1ß pathway
Authors: Liu Li , Zhao Xiuhua , Xie Shuangshuang , Li Cheng , Guo Yue , Liu Xiaoyan , Li Qiang , du wenjun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aims & backgroundIFI16 plays an important role in innate immunity against invasive microbial infection by sensing double-stranded DNA viruses due to caspase-1-dependent inflammasome activation and subsequent maturation and secretion of IL-1β. However, the role of IFI16 in regulating the immune response to viruses in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Glomerulonephritis(HBV-GN), especially in sensing the hepatitis B virus (HBV), has not been determined. In this study,, we investigated the inflammatory role of IFI16 in HBV-GN.MethodsA total of 75 kidney tissues including 50 HBV-GN and 25 chronic glomerulonephritis (CCN) were collected to determine expression of IFI16, Caspase-1, and IL-1𝛽 by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and then the correlation between them was analyzed. In vitro, the overexpression or knockdown of IFI16 in regulating the immune response to HBV infection in the human glomerular mesangial (HGM) cell line and HEK-293T cell line. Quantitative Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to determine the expression of IFI16, Caspase-1 and IL-1β. The role effect of IFI16 in vivo was further investigated.ResultsIFI16 expression in HBV-GN biopsies (80.0%) was significantly higher than in CGN (24.0%) and was positively correlated with caspase-1 and IL-1𝛽 expression in HBV-GN. In vitro, over expression of IFI16 increased caspase-1 and IL-1𝛽 expression in HBV-infected HGM and HEK-293T cell lines, whereas knockdown of IFI16 mRNA by siRNA resulted in downregulation of the caspase-1 and IL-1𝛽 expression in both cell lines.ConclusionsThe elevation of IFI16 during HBV infection or replication may contribute to renal damage due to inflammation, thus providing a putative therapeutic target and a new avenue for studying the pathogenesis of HBV-GN.
Untargeted Metabolomic Profiles of Thai Herbal Sahatsatara Formula by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Ziangchin Natchaya , Vannabhum Manmas , Thepnorarat Puthida , Akarasereenont Pravit 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Thai herbal Sahatsatara formula (STF) has been used for more than three decades to relieve musculoskeletal pain, numbness and anti-flatulence in Thai traditional medicine (TTM). STF composed of 21 ingredients. Black pepper is the major constituent in this formula. Previous studies revealed that piperine was used for quality control assessment of STF. However, only one biomarker is not enough to assure quality determination of the poly-herbal medicine. In this work we established untargeted metabolomic profiling of STF using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and identification compounds with Traditional Chinese medicine (TCMs) library in UNIFI software. STF was extracted three concentrations. The untargeted metabolomics profiles of STF were represented A total of 21 natural products were detected in in all STF extract concentrations both positive and negative ionization modes Additionally, there were discovered new chemical markers for quality control. Moreover, the method was simplifying and reproducibility.
A Study on Corporate Governance Disclosures in Selected Housing Finance Companies in India
Authors: Margana Suguna , Paluri Sheela.p. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Every company across the globe today focuses on basic principles of good corporate governance for performing efficiently and to enhance their valuation in the market. A good corporate can generate the source of attracting capital, foreign investment, investors’ trust, confidence, and also take advantage of the vibrant stock market. Corporate governance is a code of business conduct and ethics that would greatly benefit the companies to thrive and prosper. The outcome of the literature review was that even though the disclosures are made mandatory, there is a large variation in the quality of corporate governance disclosure practices adopted by companies listed in different countries. Empirical research done earlier has also proved that good corporate governance practices being followed enhances the firm value. Housing finance companies face unique corporate governance challenges due to myriad reasons like ownership structures, lack of transparency, and insufficient checks on inappropriate activities. Despite the ‘corporate governance revolution’, there exists no universal benchmark for the effective level of disclosure and transparency. Corporate governance practices followed in business firms are communicated through the corporate governance section of annual reports. clause 49 of the listing agreement sets a detailed corporate governance provision to be followed by listed companies in India. This study aimed at evaluating the governance practices in Housing Finance Companies against disclosure requirements of clause 49. Housing Finance companies that are listed in the NSE are taken into consideration as the sample for the study. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance is used for determining the degree of association among several (k) sets of ranking of N objects or individuals.
SnpRecode: A versatile and fast genotype recoding and correlation function
Authors: Marete Andrew 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Genotype imputation is an essential tool used in genomic selection in plants and animals. A popular imputation tool used in animal genomics is FImpute. FImpute, however, accepts a specific genotype format and produces dosages whose conversion to VCF or Plink format requires multiple software packages in a pipeline with a large amount of processing time. We have developed SnpRecode as a helper tool that bridges the gap between regular genotype files and the FImpute imputation software by allowing for fast and seamless conversion of genotypes to-and-from FImpute format. SnpRecode also implements a fast genotype correlation function to estimate and plot the imputation accuracy. We run tests on 6,000 samples with a step of 1,000 to determine the performance of SnpRecode on various sample sizes and runtime and memory usage used as performance measures. The performance of SnpRecode was modest at 10sec/1,000 samples. Written in Python programming language, SnpRecode provides users with great flexibility in implementation with other software packages in a pipeline.
FBG sensors for seismic control and detection in extradosed bridges
Authors: Saad Said 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Robust fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors network to civil engineering structures is presented as real-time monitoring deviation against seismic effects. The network is based on FBG sensors. The base element is a special type of chirped FBG that is validated. The developed network is applied in one of the two towers of concrete and extradosed type of Rades-La Goulette Bridge in Tunisia that in aggressive environment, to enhance the installed conventional structural health monitoring system (SHMS). Precisely, tilt influences of seismic parameters are calculated. Test procedure and obtained results are discussed.
PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN PERPAJAKAN, SELF-ASSESSMENT SYSTEM, SANKSI PAJAK, PENERAPAN e-SPT DAN NASIONALISME TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK DALAM MELAPORKAN SPT TAHUNAN
Authors: Satyawati Endang 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan bukti empiris bahwa secara parsial dan simultan pemahaman Wajib Pajak terhadap pengetahuan perpajakan, self-assessment system, penerapan e-SPT dan nasionalisme berpengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan Wajib Pajak di PT BMK. Teknik pengumpulan data pada pemilihan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dan diisi oleh 50 Wajib Pajak terdiri dari karyawan dan sales force PT BMK. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi analisis. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa variabel pengetahuan perpajakan berpengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. Begitu juga untuk self-assessment system pengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. Begitu juga untuk sanksi pajak berpengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. Begitu juga penerapan e-SPT berpengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. Begitu juga nasionalisme berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kepatuhan Wajib Pajak.Kata Kunci: e-SPT, sanksi pajak, kepatuhan, nasionalisme ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to obtain empirical evidence of understanding Taxpayers' knowledge of taxation, self assessment system, application of e-SPT and nationalism has a positive effect on taxpayer compliance at PT BMK partially and simultaneously.Data collection technique in the selection of samples in this study uses a questionnaire and filled by 50 taxpayers consisting of employees and sales force of PT BMK. Analysis of the data used is multiple regression analysis. The result of the analysis shows that the tax knowledge variable has a positive effect on taxpayer compliance. The self-assessment system has positive effect on compliance with Taxpayers. Tax sanctions has significantly positive effect on compliance with Taxpayers. The application of e-SPT has a significant positive effect on taxpayer compliance. Nationalism has a significant positive effect on PT BMK taxpayer compliance.Keywords: e-SPT, tax sanctions, compliance, nationalism
KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Sundari Retno Ika 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dan menganalisa pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, ukuran perusahaan, pertumbuhan dan likuiditas terhadap kebijakan dividen pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di bursa Efek Indonesia dalam tahun amatan 2013-2017. Populasi penelitian adalah semua perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI, dengan sampel yang diperoleh 37 perusahaan yang sesuai dengan kriteria yang ditetapkan. Data tersebut dianalisa dengan menggunakan pengujian asumsi klasik dan analisa berganda dengan menggunakan SPSS 25. Simpulan dari peneliian ini menyatakan bahwa profitabilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kebijakan dividen, Pertumbuhan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kebijakan dividen. Sementara itu, leverage tidak berpengaruh negatif signifikan, ukuran perusahaan dan likuiditas tidak berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kebijakan dividen.Kata kunci: kebijakan dividen, profitabilitas, pertumbuhan, teori sinyal ABSTRACT This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of Profitability, Leverage, firm size, growth and liquidity on Dividend Payout Ratio, in manufacturer companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2013-2017. The population in this study were all manufacturer companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), while the samples that met the criteria for sampling for this study amounted to 37 companies. Analysis of sample data for this study is the Analysis of Multiple Linear Regression, Classical Assumption Test, Hypothesis Test, and Determinant Coefficient using SPSS 25 measuring instruments. The results showed that profitability show a positif significant on the Dividend Payout Ratio, Growth show negative significant on the Payout Ratio Dividend. However, leverage did not show negative significant, size and liquidity did not show positive significant on Dividend Payout Ratio.Keywords: dividend policy, growth, profitability, signaling theory
Het publiek in de tribune : vormen van politieke informatie
Authors: Dierickx Guido 
Published: July 2021

This contribution should be seen as an attempt to retrieve information from restcategories, such as «does not know» and «no answer». From these, and from other data as well, we constructed 10, mostly summating, indexes of political ignorance. Among them is an index of objective ignorance, that is about political events, persons and situations. The others aim at more subjective dimensions. Does the respondent feel informed about the political process : about government and party performance, partisan congeniality, modalities of voting, local politics social problems, political issues ?There seems to be some evidence in favor of the following hypotheses.1. The indexes tend to compensate each other: respondents who score low on one index, do not necessarily score low on the next one.2. I t is difficult to ascertain the validity of an index of objective ignorance. Moreover it does by no means express all the (relevant) dimensions of political information.3. A mong indexes of subjective ignorance one should distinguish between «policy» and «political» information ; the latter seems to refer to a situation where strictly political rules of the game, a.o. those of political conflict, prevail.4. Of all indexes the «political issues» index showed the most discriminating power, as well as the most expected associations.
Het oppositioneel gedrag van de Belgische staatsburger
Authors: De Graeve-Lismont Edith 
Published: July 2021

Subject of this article is the Belgian citizen's oppositional behaviour taken in the largest sense and considered as an opportunity to express his preferences. Starting from the supposition that a policy decision is not perceived as being conform to the citizens' interests or beliefs, attention is focused on their propensity to engage in oppositional action and their preferences for different means of expression.Such propensity appears to be rather limited and therefore one has also examined their belief in the success of an oppositional action and their insight in contemporary societal problems.Those data are compared with the actual oppositional behaviour during the last five years, which was found to be even smaller than the propensity. Further, three scales are constructed, indicating similarities and dissimilarities, as far as means of expression are concerned, between the preferences of the whole population and the behaviour of the small number of opponents.In a second approach, the degree of politica! participation, dissatisfaction and information is successively examined in relation to the oppositional behaviour. This research reveals that each of these three elements induces a more intensive oppositional activity as well as a different behaviour concerning the use of oppositional means. Political participation however is the most infiuencing factor. Oppositional behaviour is a complex phenomenon. Information on the content of the oppositional action, not included in this inquiry, would complete this approach.
Beeld van de machtsstruktuur in België
Authors: Dewachter Wilfried 
Published: July 2021

Results from an opinion poll, held in mid-year 1975, with a representative sample of Belgian citizens, show that the oppositions the citizens perceive, are partly of a universal nature and partly specifically Belgian. Those who have gat power vs. those who have not, young vs. old, male vs. female are oppositions that complement more specifically Belgian conflict dimensions : socio-economic problems, religion, ethnicity. The political parties are instrumental towards some poles on such confiict dimensions, but the instrumentality is not yet proportionalto the share of the poles in the total population; moreover, it is quite weak towards some poles. The image the public has about the power hierarchy in Belgium appears to coincide rather adequately with a ranking on the power hierarchy as established by the top-participants. People do realize who really is powerful. Besides, the basic institutions of parliamentary democracy are fundamentally recognized and accepted. One finds indeed quite unambiguous appreciations of the individual and social rights and freedoms, of the institutionalization of conflict solution and of the maintenance of the political entity.
Battre la campagne à Bruxelles : La propagande électorale dans les dix-neuf communes
Authors: Thoveron Gabriel 
Published: July 2021

On the basis of the various means of propaganda used in the electoral campaign from the local elections in Brussels, the author tries to describe this campaign in the 19 communes of the district Brussels-Capital. The campaign is shown to be in accordance with several rules : contagion, simplification, adaptation to the needs, orchestration. It also allows to draw a robot-picture of the average candidate.
De crisis in de staalnijverheid : pogingen tot opvijzelen en beleidskeuzen
Authors: Maton Jef 
Published: July 2021

The Belgian steel industry falls apart into four groups. The Flemish industry consists mainly of a very modern steel plant Sidmar near the port of Ghent controlled by the industrial holding Arbed. The Walloon industry falls apart into three basins : Cockerill in Liège; the holy triangleof Charleroi, controlled by Frère-Bourgeois, Cobepa (Paribas) and Bruxelles-Lambert (this three holdings being associated in the Financière du Ruau) ; the independents.In the Walloon industry the successive processes of steel making are distributed over a great number of plants, most of the equipment is outdated, labour relations are bad and so is management.The finances required to renew this ancient industry are so large that the holdings cannot do so without the aid of the Belgian Government and the European Communities.Beginning of 1977, Davignon (CEE), proposes to freeze the production and market shares of the member countries, and to increase the European steel price by EEC tariff measures, in this way protecting the low productivity concerns ; not in the least the walloon concerns. The European Communities promise financial help for restructuring.The implicit condition is comparative advantage of enterprises. In the Belgian context, this would mean that Sidmar would be extended and part of the Walloon industry closed down. The next move of the Brussels-Walloon concerns is, therefore, to corner Sidmar.During the course of 1977 and the first half of 1978 the Government negotiates with employers and unions a restructuring plan and general steel agreement, the «Plan Claes». The plan foresees in a lasting ceiling imposed on Sidmar; in a very large fiow of restructuring aid,mainly from public funds and the set-up of an intricate network of semi-governmental institutions.The Plan Claes is a purely political compromise. From the economic point of view, the plan wilt only speed up the definite emigration of traditional steel making processes towards the semi-industrialized countries.
Officiële en reële omvang van het absenteïsme bij de na-oorlogse parlementsverkiezingen
Authors: De Winter Lieven 
Published: July 2021

In the official statistics, the total number of nonvoters in the post-war parliamentary elections in Belgium, is considerably over-estimated. This is caused by the method of updating the lists of voters, so that many (sometimes a majority of) people who appear as nonvoters, are regular voters who died after the moment of updating, but were not droppedfrom the lists. In this article, we endeavoured to calculate the number of deceased voters, who still appear on the lists, using the monthly death-rates of the total Belgian population, abstracting the deceased persons under age and the deceased foreigners. The more realistic rates of nonvoting, calculated this way, are quite lower than the official rates.Yet, because of the introduction of a new method of updating, the problem discussed above, hardly exists any langer since the general election of 1977.
Les élections européennes de 1979 : Analyse des résultats pour la Belgique
Authors: Fraeys William 
Published: July 2021

This article analyses the results recorded in Belgium in connection with the election of 10 june 1979 for the European Parliament. A first fact that should be brought under the attention is undoubtedly the decrease in the turnout at the poll, in spite of the legal obligation to vote, as well as the considerable augmentation of blank and void votes. One in five of the Belgian electors did not express his opinion. The results in the Walloon part of the country reveal a setback of the Left, votes having swung especially from the Socialists, although also from the Christian Democrat Party to the Enveronmentalists, the «Rassemblement Wallon» (Walloon Federalists) and in a less degree to the Liberals. In the Flemish cantons, the great winner was the Flemish Christian Democrat Party (CVP), partly thanks to Mr. Tindemans' personal success. The Socialists succeeded in interrupting the downward move, started several years before, but the Liberals receded as did the nationalist parties (Volksunie, Vlaamse Volkspartij). The Environmentalists are progressing. In Brussels, the Liberals are strongly moving forward as are the Flemish Christian Democrats, whereas the French-speaking Socialists (PS), Christian emocrats(PSC), Regionalists (FDF) and the Flemish Nationalist parties are losing ground.The election which did not stir much interest was marked by a «personalisation» of the votes, a phenomenon most spectacularly illustrated by Mr. Tindemans who obtained more than one million preference votes, viz. nearly 30 % of the valid votes in the Dutch-language constituency.
De electronische media in het Belgisch parlement
Authors: Ceuleers Jan 
Published: July 2021

During the last two years Belgian television has broadcast five parliamentary debates in full and live. They were either the first appearance of a new government or important government declarations. These broadcasts were encouraged by the president of the Lower House, who hoped to familiarize a large part of the electorate with the work of its members.Audience research has shown however that interest is low and is decreasing. On the other hand, cameras have definitely influenced members' conduct : they attuned their appearances to the television audience, in tone, in wording and in argumentation. Sessions were also drastically prolonged.Conclusion : neither the broadcasting authority nor parliament have any interest in the live and full broadcasting of parliamentary debates. It is much to be preferred to limit them to a summary, put in an appropriate context in a special program.