bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Savalan: Multi objective and homogeneous method for software modules clustering
Authors: Arasteh Bahman , Fatolahzadeh Ahmad , Kiani Farzad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReverse engineering is used for extracting and understanding software architecture models from source code when the source code is the only available software product. Software module clustering is a reverse engineering method which decomposes software modules into several clusters (subsystems) by using module dependency graph. Finding the best clusters for the modules of software is a multi‐objective and NP‐hard problem; maximizing the cohesion among the modules, minimizing the coupling among different clusters, and maximizing the software modularization quality are considered as the main objectives of software module clustering. Some of these objectives, such as cohesion and coupling, are in contradiction with each other. Simultaneous improvement of all clustering objectives (cohesion, coupling, modularization quality, size, and number of clusters) is the main goal of this study. In this paper, by capitalizing on multi objective genetic algorithm and a new combination of objective functions, we proposed a homogeneous method, namely, Savalan, for clustering software modules. The proposed method generates high‐quality clusters with strong cohesion within clusters and weak connections between clusters for the input source code. The results of conducted experiments on the 14 benchmark programs indicate that simultaneous improvement of all clustering objectives is the main merit of this method. According to the experimental results, the proposed algorithm was able to outperform the previous multi objective methods.
Assessment of the metal contamination index in groundwater of the quaternary of the Middle Kert Basin, north‐eastern Morocco
Authors: Hicham Gueddari , Mustapha Akodad , Mourad Baghour , Abdelmajid Moumen , Ali Skalli , Yassine El Yousfi , Hanane Ait Hmeid , Mohamed Chahban , Ghizlane Azizi , Abderahmane Rahhou , Ismail Ahmed , Zahid Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to highlight the quality of groundwater, with a special focus on the level of heavy metal contamination. To know the extent of this contamination, the protection and proper management of the groundwater resource is indispensable. The present work is in line with the metallic assessment of the water quality of the Oued Kert basin (Mediterranean area, Driouch province, eastern Morocco) by collecting 46 samples following ISO 5665 standard and tested pH, TDS, EC. Samples were analyzed for Heavy Metals with ICP‐MS and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (Pb, Cu, Hg, Al, Fe, Zn, Cr, Cd, and Ni) to detect heavy metal content. The interpretation of the analytical data, about the phenomena responsible for mineralization, was done using the hydro‐chemical classification, resulting from the integrated HPI approach, in addition to the statistical analysis of the data by the analysis of the main PCA components. The majority of the samples were found to be within limits, except for Fe, at some sampling locations, which is above the desirable limit, that is, 300 μg/L according to the Moroccan Drinking Water Standard. This indicates natural and anthropic effects. It shows that the groundwater to the northwest of the study area is probably affected by the leaching of heavy metals from the previous Mhajer mine.
Unreconciled effects of salinity on draining and wetting functions in unsaturated soils
Authors: Huber David P. , Butters Greg L. , Garcia Luis A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn a sequence of one‐step outflow–inflow experiments, this study examines the effects of salinity on soil hydraulic properties with the goal of developing a better understanding of how to predict salinity's impacts on soils. The results of this study are compared with estimates obtained using the Hydrus‐1D model for soil water and solute transport. The model assumes a decline in hydraulic conductivity (K), caused by solution chemistry, is constant over the entire hydraulic conductivity function [K(θ)] and equal to a constant reduction factor established at saturation. In contrast with the model assumptions, the results of this study show an increase in the solution chemistry's effect on K with decreasing soil moisture (θ). These findings demonstrate that current models that exclude solution chemistry, or models that assume a constant K reduction for the entire K(θ) function, may be overestimating drainage, recharge, or bare soil evaporation. This research used undisturbed soil cores and simulated irrigation water with decreasing electrical conductivity (EC) from 20 to 0.25 dS m–1 and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) held constant. Changes in K(θ) were observed only after dropping below an EC of 1.5 dS m–1, which is consistent with past studies. At reduced soil water contents, however, K(θ) decreased by up to five orders of magnitude relative to native soils. A second experiment was conducted that increased the SAR from 4 to ≥20, held EC constant at 0.65 dS m–1, and displayed only moderate reductions in K(θ), although K was reduced proportionally more at reduced soil water contents. Therefore, based on the observed results, an integrated K(EC,θ) and K(SAR,θ) model is needed to better predict salinity effects on soil hydraulic properties and is increasingly important as freshwater resources decline.
Basic Income in the United States, 1940–1972: How the ‘fiscal revolution’ Reshaped Social Policy
Authors: Zamora Vargas Daniel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe recent revival for ‘Basic Income’ both in the United States and Europe has been the object of a considerable literature. However, vastly concentrated on philosophical, sociological or technical issues, the history of ‘UBI’ itself, has yet rarely been the object of serious scholarly attention. Aside from a few exceptions, the reason for its ‘success’ have not been extensively examined. Beyond decontextualized accounts we’ll explain the reasons of the stark dissemination of the proposal beginning in the early sixties in the United States. In that perspective, we’ll argue that the rising fascination for basic income was part of a wider transformation of the Keynesian paradigm and categories that had shaped the social and economic thought of the post-war order.
JT gravity limit of Liouville CFT and matrix model
Authors: Suzuki Kenta , Takayanagi Tadashi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper we study a connection between Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity on two-dimensional anti de-Sitter spaces and a semiclassical limit of c < 1 two-dimensional string theory. The world-sheet theory of the latter consists of a space-like Liouville CFT coupled to a non-rational CFT defined by a time-like Liouville CFT. We show that their actions, disk partition functions and annulus amplitudes perfectly agree with each other, where the presence of boundary terms plays a crucial role. We also reproduce the boundary Schwarzian theory from the Liouville theory description. Then, we identify a matrix model dual of our two-dimensional string theory with a specific time-dependent background in c = 1 matrix quantum mechanics. Finally, we also explain the corresponding relation for the two-dimensional de-Sitter JT gravity.
On the order of the QCD chiral phase transition for different numbers of quark flavours
Authors: Cuteri Francesca , Philipsen Owe , Sciarra Alessandro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe nature of the QCD chiral phase transition in the limit of vanishing quark masses has remained elusive for a long time, since it cannot be simulated directly on the lattice and is strongly cutoff-dependent. We report on a comprehensive ongoing study using unimproved staggered fermions withNf∈ [2, 8] mass-degenerate flavours onNτ∈ {4,6,8} lattices, in which we locate the chiral critical surface separating regions with first-order transitions from crossover regions in the bare parameter space of the lattice theory. Employing the fact that it terminates in a tricritical line, this surface can be extrapolated to the chiral limit using tricritical scaling with known exponents. Knowing the order of the transitions in the lattice parameter space, conclusions for approaching the continuum chiral limit in the proper order can be drawn. While a narrow first-order region cannot be ruled out, we find initial evidence consistent with a second-order chiral transition in all massless theories withNf≤ 6, and possibly up to the onset of the conformal window at 9 ≲$$ {N}_{\mathrm{f}}^{\ast } $$Nf∗≲ 12. A reanalysis of already published$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(a)-improvedNf= 3 Wilson data onNτ∈ [4,12] is also consistent with tricritical scaling, and the associated change from first to second-order on the way to the continuum chiral limit. We discuss a modified Columbia plot and a phase diagram for many-flavour QCD that reflect these possible features.
On a remarkable geometric-mechanical synergism based on a novel linear eigenvalue problem
Authors: Kalliauer Johannes , Malendowski Michał , Mang Herbert A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe vertices of two specific eigenvectors, obtained from a novel linear eigenvalue problem, describe two curves on the surface of an N-dimensional unit hypersphere. N denotes the number of degrees of freedom in the framework of structural analysis by the Finite Element Method. The radii of curvature of these two curves are 0 and 1. They correlate with pure stretching and pure bending, respectively, of structures. The two coefficient matrices of the eigenvalue problem are the tangent stiffness matrix at the load level considered and the one at the onset of loading. The goals of this paper are to report on the numerical verification of the aforesaid geometric-mechanical synergism and to summarize current attempts of its extension to combinations of stretching and bending of structures.
Engineered magnetic oxides nanoparticles as efficient sorbents for wastewater remediation: a review
Authors: Abdel Maksoud M. I. A. , Fahim Ramy Amer , Bedir Ahmed G. , Osman Ahmed I. , Abouelela Marwa Mohamed , El-Sayyad Gharieb S. , Elkodous M. Abd , Mahmoud Amira S. , Rabee Maisara M. , Al-Muhtaseb Ala’a H. , Rooney David W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe rapid urbanization and industrialization is causing worldwide water pollution, calling for advanced cleaning methods. For instance, pollutant adsorption on magnetic oxides is efficient and very practical due to the easy separation from solutions by an magnetic field. Here we review the synthesis and performance of magnetic oxides such as iron oxides, spinel ferrites, and perovskite oxides for water remediation. We present structural, optical, and magnetic properties. Magnetic oxides are also promising photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants. Antimicrobial activities and adsorption of heavy metals and radionucleides are also discussed.
Reflections on kernelizing and computing unrooted agreement forests
Authors: van Wersch Rim , Kelk Steven , Linz Simone , Stamoulis Georgios 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPhylogenetic trees are leaf-labelled trees used to model the evolution of species. Here we explore the practical impact of kernelization (i.e. data reduction) on the NP-hard problem of computing the TBR distance between two unrooted binary phylogenetic trees. This problem is better-known in the literature as the maximum agreement forest problem, where the goal is to partition the two trees into a minimum number of common, non-overlapping subtrees. We have implemented two well-known reduction rules, the subtree and chain reduction, and five more recent, theoretically stronger reduction rules, and compare the reduction achieved with and without the stronger rules. We find that the new rules yield smaller reduced instances and thus have clear practical added value. In many cases they also cause the TBR distance to decrease in a controlled fashion, which can further facilitate solving the problem in practice. Next, we compare the achieved reduction to the known worst-case theoretical bounds of$$15k-9$$15k-9and$$11k-9$$11k-9respectively, on the number of leaves of the two reduced trees, wherekis the TBR distance, observing in both cases a far larger reduction in practice. As a by-product of our experimental framework we obtain a number of new insights into the actual computation of TBR distance. We find, for example, that very strong lower bounds on TBR distance can be obtained efficiently by randomly sampling certain carefully constructed partitions of the leaf labels, and identify instances which seem particularly challenging to solve exactly. The reduction rules have been implemented within our new solverTubrowhich combines kernelization with an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) approach. Tubro also incorporates a number of additional features, such as a cluster reduction and a practical upper-bounding heuristic, and it can leverage combinatorial insights emerging from the proofs of correctness of the reduction rules to simplify the ILP.
When Evaluative Adjectives Prevent Contradiction in a Debate
Authors: Herman Thierry , Liberatore Diane 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper argues that some words are so highly charged with meaning by a community that they may prevent a discussion during which each participant is on an equal footing. These words are indeed either unanimously accepted or rejected. The presence of these adjectival groups pushes the antagonist to find rhetorical strategies to circumvent them. The main idea we want to develop is that some propositions are not easily debatable in context because of some specific value-bearing words (VBWs), and one of the goals of this paper is to build a methodological tool for finding and classifying these VBWs (with a focus on evaluative adjectives). Our study echoes the importance of “cultural keywords” (as reported by Wierzbicka, Understanding cultures through their key words: English, Russian, Polish, German, and Japanese, 1997) in argument (as reported by Rigotti & Rocci, Argumentation in practice, 2005), but is rather based on a German approach developed by (as reported by Dieckmann, Sprache in der Politik: Einführung in die Pragmatik und Semantik der politischen, 1975), (as reported by Strauss and Zifonun, Der politische Wortschatz, 1986), and (as reported by Girnth, Sprache und Sprachverwendung in der Politik: Eine Einführung in die linguistische Analyse öffentlich-politischer Kommunikation, 2015) about “Miranda” and “Anti-Miranda” words that is expanded and refined here. In particular, our study tries to understand why some statements, fueled by appreciative (Tseronis, 2014) or evaluative adjectives, have such rhetorical effects on a pragmatic level in the particular context of a vote on the Swiss popular initiative called “for more affordable housing”. This context is fruitful since two parties offer reasons for two opposing policy claims: namely, to accept or to reject an initiative. When one party uses arguments containing such universally unassailable adjectival groups to defend a “yes” vote (in our example, pleading for more affordable housing rents), the opposing party cannot use a symmetrical antonym while pleading for the “no” vote. The methodological tool that is proposed here could shed light on the use of certain rhetorical and referential strategies in conflicting policy proposition contexts.
Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Spanish Children and Adolescents: An Exploration of Comorbidity from the Network Perspective
Authors: Sánchez Hernández Milagros Ocalin , Carrasco Miguel A. , Holgado-Tello Francisco Pablo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe combination of depression and anxiety is among the most prevalent comorbidities of disorders leading to substantial functional impairment in children and adolescents. The network perspective offers a new paradigm for understanding and measuring psychological constructs and their comorbidity. The present study aims to apply network analysis to explore the comorbidity between depression and anxiety symptoms. Specifically, the study examines bridge symptoms, comorbidity, and shortest pathway networks and estimates the impact of the symptoms in the network’s connectivity and structure. The findings show that “feeling lonely” and “feeling unloved” are identified as the most central bridge symptoms. The shortest path network suggests that the role of a mixed anxiety-depressive symptomatology, and specific and non-specific symptoms of clinical criteria, such as “worries,” “feels depressed,” “fears school,” and “talks about suicide” could serve as a warning for comorbidity.
The cost of a divided America: an experimental study into destructive behavior
Authors: Mill Wladislaw , Morgan John 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDoes political polarization lead to dysfunctional behavior? To study this question, we investigate the attitudes of supporters of Donald Trump and of Hillary Clinton towards each other and how these attitudes affect spiteful behavior. We find that both Trump and Clinton supporters display less positive attitudes towards the opposing supporters compared to coinciding supporters. More importantly, we show that significantly more wealth is destroyed if the opponent is an opposing voter. This effect is mainly driven by Clinton voters. This provides the first experimental evidence that political polarization leads to destructive behavior.
Optimum distance flag codes from spreads via perfect matchings in graphs
Authors: Alonso-González Clementa , Navarro-Pérez Miguel Ángel , Soler-Escrivà Xaro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study flag codes on the vector space $${{\mathbb {F}}}_q^n$$

F
q
n

, being q a prime power and $${{\mathbb {F}}}_q$$

F
q

the finite field of q elements. More precisely, we focus on flag codes that attain the maximum possible distance (optimum distance flag codes) and can be obtained from a spread of $${{\mathbb {F}}}_q^n$$

F
q
n

. We characterize the set of admissible type vectors for this family of flag codes and also provide a construction of them based on well-known results about perfect matchings in graphs. This construction attains both the maximum distance for its type vector and the largest possible cardinality for that distance.
Simulation-based layout optimization for multi-station assembly lines
Authors: Leiber Daria , Eickholt David , Vuong Anh-Tu , Reinhart Gunther 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article presents a novel approach for the automated 3D-layout planning of multi-station assembly lines. The planning method is based on a comprehensive model of the used production resources, including their geometry, kinematic properties, and general characteristics. Different resource types can be included in the planning system. A genetic algorithm generates and optimizes possible layouts for a line. The optimization aims to minimize the line’s area and the costs for assembling the line while simultaneously optimizing the resources’ positioning to perform their tasks. The line’s cycle time is considered as a boundary condition. For the evaluation of different layout alternatives, a multi-body simulation is performed. A parameter study is used to set the algorithm’s parameters. Afterward, the algorithm is applied to three increasingly complex examples to validate and evaluate its functionality. The approach is promising for industrial applications as it allows the integration of various resource types and individualization of the optimization function.
Strategies to Enhance Retention in a Cohort Study Among Adults of Turkish Descent Living in Berlin
Authors: Dornquast Christina , Reinhold Thomas , Solak Saliha , Durak Melike , Becher Heiko , Riens Burgi , Icke Katja , Danquah Ina , Willich Stefan N. , Keil Thomas , Krist Lilian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRetention is important for statistical power and external validity in long-term cohort studies. The aims of our study were to evaluate different retention strategies within a cohort study of adults of Turkish descent in Berlin, Germany, and to compare participants and non-participants. In 2011–2012, a population-based study was conducted among adults of Turkish descent to primarily examine recruitment strategies. 6 years later, the participants were re-contacted and invited to complete a self-report questionnaire regarding their health status, health care utilization, and satisfaction with medical services. The retention strategy comprised letters in both German and Turkish, phone calls, and home visits (by bilingual staff). We calculated the response rate and retention rate, using definitions of the American Association for Public Opinion Research, as well as the relative retention rate for each level of contact. Associations of baseline recruitment strategy, sociodemographic, migration-related and health-related factors with retention were investigated by logistic regression analysis. Of 557 persons contacted, 249 (44.7%) completed the questionnaire. This was 50.1% of those whose contact information was available. The relative retention rate was lowest for phone calls (8.9%) and highest for home visits (18.4%). Participants were more often non-smokers and German citizens than non-participants. For all remaining factors, no association with retention was found. In this study, among adults of Turkish descent, the retention rate increased considerably with every additional level of contact. Implementation of comprehensive retention strategies provided by culturally matched study personnel may lead to higher validity and statistical power in studies on migrant health issues.
The Indirect Relationship Between Spiritual Experiences and Subjective Wellbeing Through Hope? A Sample of Chilean Students
Authors: Wnuk Marcin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSpirituality and religiousness are important factors for adolescents wellbeing. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying the positive relationship between spirituality as well as religiousness and subjective wellbeing. This study aimed to verify, whether, in a sample of Chilean students, religiousness is indirectly related to hope through spiritual experiences, and whether spiritual experiences are indirectly related to subjective wellbeing via hope. The sample consisted of 177 Chilean students and the following measures were applied: the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale, the Herth Hope Index, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and one item measuring the frequencies of prayer and Mass attendance. According to obtained results religiousness was indirectly, positively related to hope through spiritual experiences. In turn spiritual experiences were indirectly, positively related to subjective wellbeing through hope. Conducted research confirmed the beneficial role of religious practices, spiritual experiences, and hope for Chilean students' subjective wellbeing and the presence of mechanisms underlying the relationships between religiousness as well as spirituality and subjective wellbeing.