bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domain-Specific Self-Perceptions of Aging are Associated with Different Gait Patterns in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Blawert Anne , Krumpoch Sebastian , Freiberger Ellen , Wurm Susanne 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have pointed to the impact of self-perceptions of aging (SPA) on self-reported physical function in later life. However, less is known about the role of SPA for objectively measured physical function, especially gait. Research that examined other psychological variables and objectively measured gait has focused on single gait parameters such as gait speed, which seems to fall short for the complexity of this movement. Some approaches have proposed ways to identify gait patterns in specific patient groups (such as patients with hemiplegia), but not in community samples. Our goal was a) to identify gait patterns based on a combination of important gait parameters in a community sample, and b) to investigate differential associations of gain- and loss-related SPA with these gait patterns.Methods: The study used an electronic walkway to assess gait parameters of 150 community dwelling adults aged 71-93 years (61.0% women) at their usual and maximum gait speed. SPA were assessed with a questionnaire. We used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify groups exhibiting distinct gait patterns and binary logistic regression to investigate associations of SPA with these groups, controlling for personality traits, number of illnesses, age, gender, and education. To compare overall function between groups, a t-test for scores in the Short Physical Performance Battery was used.Results: LPA revealed two distinct groups in both gait speed conditions. The fit group exhibited a stable, well-coordinated and faster gait pattern while the functionally limited group’s gait pattern was less stable, less coordinated and slower. The odds of belonging to the functionally limited group were increased by loss-related SPA at usual gait speed, while the odds of belonging to the fit group were increased by gain-related SPA at individual maximum speed. Conclusions: The findings a) suggest LPA as a useful approach to investigate complex gait patterns considering several gait parameters simultaneously, and b) provide first evidence for the differential role of gain- and loss-related SPA for gait patterns at usual and maximum gait speed. Intervention studies addressing gait in older adults should additionally address gain-related views on aging.Trial registration: NA
Observation of anti-damping spin-orbit torques generated by in-plane and out-of-plane spin polarizations in MnPd3
Authors: DC Mahendra , Shao Ding-Fu , Hou Vincent , Quarterman Patrick , Habiboglu Ali , Venuti Brooks , Miura Masashi , Kirby Brian , Vailionis Arturas , Bi Chong , Li Xiang , Xue Fen , Huang Yen-Lin , Deng Yong , Lin Shy-Jay , Tsai Wilman , Eley Serena , Wang Weigang , Borchers Julie , Tsymbal Evgeny , Wang Shan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
High spin-orbit torques (SOTs) generated by topological materials and heavy metals interfaced with a ferromagnetic layer show promise for next generation magnetic memory and logic devices. SOTs generated from the in-plane spin polarization along y-axis originated by the spin Hall and Edelstein effects can switch magnetization collinear with the spin polarization in the absence of external magnetic fields. However, an external magnetic field is required to switch the magnetization along x and z-axes via SOT generated by y-spin polarization. Here, we present that the above limitation can be circumvented by unconventional SOT in magnetron-sputtered thin film MnPd3. In addition to the conventional in-plane anti-damping-like torque due to the y-spin polarization, out-of-plane and in-plane anti-damping-like torques originating from z-spin and x-spin polarizations, respectively have been observed at room temperature. The spin torque efficiency (θ_y) corresponding to the y-spin polarization from MnPd3 thin films grown on thermally oxidized silicon substrate and post annealed at 400 ℃ is 0.34 - 0.44 while the spin conductivity (σ_zx^y) is ~ 5.70 – 7.30× 105 ℏ⁄2e Ω-1m-1. Remarkably, we have demonstrated complete external magnetic field-free switching of perpendicular Co layer via unconventional out-of-plane anti-damping-like torque from z-spin polarization. Based on the density functional theory calculations, we determine that the observed x- and z- spin polarizations with the in-plane charge current are due to the low symmetry of the (114) oriented MnPd3 thin films. Taken together, the new material reported here provides a path to realize a practical spin channel in ultrafast magnetic memory and logic devices.
2108 Cases of Thyroid Cancer:&nbsp;Cervical Lymph Node Dissection or Not
Authors: Han Lin , Wu Zhen , Li Wenlei , Li Yingxue , Ma Jinglin , Wu Xinxin , Wen Wenjuan , Li Rui , Yao Yumin , Wang Yongkun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Based thyroid cancer data from patients treated in Liaocheng People’s Hospital from 2015 to 2018, with Chinese national and regional characteristics, in this study we addressed the controversy of which initial thyroid surgical mode, lobectomy or total thyroidectomy, is most effective. Clinical and pathological data from 2108 patients with thyroid cancer, who were initially diagnosed and treated surgically, were collected from the Department of Thyroid Surgery. The overall metastasis rate of all patients was 57.23%.With the increase of tumor diameter, the metastasis of cervical lymph nodes ranged from 22.54–73.33%, which showed positive correlation.49.32% of patients had lymph node metastasis in the lateral cervical region.When the diameter of the tumor reached T1c level, the metastasis of the cervical lymph nodes was 56.91%, and the number of metastatic cases above T1c level accounted for 69.96% of the total metastatic cases. It is recommended that initial treatment should comprise at least total thyroidectomy + central lymph node dissection in China, to avoid the risks associated with secondary surgery and effects on patient quality of life.When the tumor diameter exceeds 1 cm, the risk of cervical lymph node metastasis is high, we recommended the lateral lymph node dissection.
Human endemic coronavirus emergence in the context of past and recent zoonotic outbreaks
Authors: Forni Diego , Cagliani Rachele , Arrigoni Federica , Benvenuti Martino , Pontremoli Chiara , Pozzoli Uberto , Clerici Mario , Gioia Luca De , Sironi Manuela 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of the four human endemic coronaviruses might provide insight into the future trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 evolution. We re-assessed the timing of endemic coronavirus emergence and we show that all viruses entered human populations in a time-frame ranging from ~500 to 55 years ago. Because the three highly pathogenic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) spilled-over in tight temporal succession, the pattern of coronavirus emergence, in analogy to that of influenza pandemics, is highly irregular. To contextualize this observation in a wider perspective of viral diseases emergence since 1945, we mined epidemiology database information. After controlling for reporting bias, we find that, contrary to widespread beliefs, the occurrence of viral diseases (either zoonotic or not) has not increased over the last decades. Analysis of the recent and ongoing evolution of HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 indicated that positive selection most likely contributed to fine-tune the interaction with the human interferon/inflammatory response. Conversely, integration of evolutionary inference and molecular dating provided evidence that these viruses are not undergoing antigenic drift and the temporal emergence of spike protein variants is best explained by optimization of receptor binding affinity. These data provide a fresh look on viral disease emergence and on coronavirus evolution.
The Prevalence of Drug-Resistant-epilepsy and its Associated Factors in Patients with Epilepsy
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Parisa , Nazarbaghi Surena 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Drug-resistant-epilepsy (DRE) is a major challenge in adult patients with epilepsy. The majority of previous studies evaluating the risk factors of DRE have been conducted in children. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of DRE and its associated factors in adults. Methods: All patients aged over 12 years with an established diagnosis of epilepsy since at least one year before the admission who were admitted with seizure to the neurology ward of a tertiary care hospital were consecutively included from 20th March 2014 to 19th March 2020. Patients were classified into two groups of DRE and non-DRE groups. The archived-files of the patients were retrospectively reviewed and the data were extracted and recorded in a pre-prepared checklist. Results: A total of 436 patients were investigated. The most common causes of epilepsy were idiopathic (53.9%), vascular (22.5%), and CP/developmental disorders (8.3%). There was no significant difference between DRE and non-DRE patients in terms of age, sex, seizure type (generalized/partial). Vascular causes were more prevalent in the non-DRE group, and idiopathic, post-traumatic/surgery, MS/degenerative, poor compliance, CP/developmental disorders, and space-occupying lesions were more prevalent in the DRE group. In multivariate regression analysis only the presence of CP/developmental disorders was independently associated with a higher probability of DRE (adjusted OR= 2.170, 95% CI = 1.017 to 4.633, p = 0.045).Conclusion: The prevalence of DRE is still considerably high. Therefore, considering its serious consequences, more investigations should be carried out to determine proper strategies for reducing its incidence. We found the history of CP/developmental disorders to be independently associated with DRE. Therefore, perinatal care to reduce the incidence of CP/developmental disorders and encouraging these patients to use their medications accurately may be helpful.
Acute Symptomatic Vitreous Floaters Assessed With Ultra-Wide Field Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy and Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Son Gisung , Sohn Joon Hong , Kong Mingui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To describe the eyes with vitreous floaters and to analyze the development of acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was performed on patients with the vitreous floater developed for the first time of their life. Peripapillary vitreous opacity (pVO) was searched in Ultra-wide field (UWF) scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and PVD stage was assessed through spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Results: 196 patients (55 males and 141 females), who were 58.4(±9.1) on years old, visited a retinal clinic 9.4 (±9.1) days after they experienced vitreous floaters. (pVO) was noticed in 62.2% at UWF and PVD was initiated more than 94.3%. Symptomatic eyes had more prevalence of peripapillary vitreous opacity (63.2% vs 18.4%, p=0.040) and more advance staged PVD (p<0.001) than symptom free eyes. Eyes with floaters were more myopic (-0.7±2.2D vs -0.5±1.9D, p=0.02), and had lower IOP (14.7±3.2mmHg vs 15.2±3.0mmHg, p=0.02) than the other symptom free eyes. Conclusion: In patients with first floater symptoms, PVD was in progress in most of the eyes not only the symptomatic eyes but also on the contralateral symptom free eyes. Eyes with vitreous floaters were more myopic and had lower IOP than the opposite symptom free eyes.
Gentlefile Versus Protaper in the Shaping Ability in Simulated J-shaped Root Canals
Authors: Chen Xixiong , Ge Jiuyu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to compare the shaping ability of Gentlefile (GF), a unique stainless-steel (SS) rotary system, and ProTaper (PT), a popular mechanical nickel-titanium (NiTi) system, in J-shaped simulated canals. Methods: Thirty-three resin blocks with a J-shaped canal were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups according to tip diameters: GF red (#23); PT F2(#25); GF blue (#26). They were prepared in one training model which imitated human dentition. Specimens were photographed by a dental operating microscope before and after preparation. The images were processed and measured using professional software. Centering ability and canal transportation were calculated, canal aberration and instrument separation were also recorded. Results: The GF system was significantly less transported than PT F2 in the apical and middle section. What’s more, better centering ability of GF was shown in all sections, including the coronal level. However, there was no difference between GF red and GF blue based on above criteria. Two cases of instrument separation of GF were noted.Conclusion: Under the conditions of this study, the two GF files showed better shaping ability, but were more easily separated than PT F2. As a novel SS rotary system, Gentlefile is more flexible to prepare narrow and curved root canals by scraping dentin with high-speed rotation, which might help remove smear layer much thoroughly and cause less dentin microcracks.
A Versatile Microfluidic Tool for the 3D Culture of HepaRG Cells Seeded at Various Stages of Differentiation
Authors: Boul Manon , Benzoubir Nassima , Messina Antonietta , Ghasemi Rasta , Mosbah Ismail Ben , Duclos-Vallée Jean-Charles , Dubart-Kupperschmitt Anne , Pioufle Bruno le 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The development of livers-on-a-chip aims to provide pharmaceutical companies with reliable systems to perform drug screening and toxicological studies. To that end, microfluidic systems are engineered to mimic the functions and architecture of this organ. In this context we have designed a device that reproduces series of liver microarchitectures, each permitting the 3D culture of hepatocytes by confining them to a chamber that is separated from the medium conveying channel by very thin slits. We modified the structure to ensure its compatibility with the culture of hepatocytes from different sources. Our device was adapted to the migratory and adhesion properties of HepaRG cells at various stages of differentiation. To prevent hepatoblast-like cells from migrating out of the chambers, the slit height was decreased and the medium flow rate increased. Maintaining already differentiated and less adherent cells within the chambers required desensitisation of the system to pressure variations. Using this device, it was possible to keep the cells alive for more than 14 days, during which they achieved a 3D organisation and acquired or maintained their differentiation into hepatocytes. With its multiple micro-chambers for hepatocyte culture, this microfluidic device architecture offers a promising opportunity to provide new tools for drug screening applications.
Midterm Outcomes of Penetrating Keratoplasty Following Allogeneic Cultivated Limbal Epithelial Transplantation in Patients with Bilateral Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency
Authors: Xue Junfa , Li Dongfang , Wang Yani , Chen Chen , Yang Rufei , Zhou Qingjun , Liu Ting , Xie Lixin , Dong Yanling 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To evaluate the midterm outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty (PK) following allogeneic cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation (CLET) for bilateral total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD)，ten patients (10 eyes) with bilateral LSCD were enrolled in this prospective noncomparative case series study. Each participant received a PK approximately 6 months after a CLET. Topical tacrolimus, topical and systemic steroids, and oral ciclosporin were given postoperatively. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular surface grading scores (OSS), corneal graft epithelial rehabilitation, persistent epithelial defect (PED), immunological rejection, and graft survival rate were assessed. The time interval between PK and allogeneic CLET was 6.90 ± 1.29 (6-10) months. BCVA developed from 2.46±0.32 LogMAR preoperatively to 0.77±0.55 LogMAR post-PK (P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier mean graft survival was 100% at 12, 24 months, 80.0% at 36 months. PEDs appeared in 5 eyes at different periods post-PK, while graft rejection post-PK occurred in 4 eyes. Total OSS dropped from 12.4±4.4 before allogeneic CLET to 1.4±1.5 after PK. The sequential therapy of PK following allogeneic CLET can maintain a stable ocular surface with improved BCVA despite a relatively high graft rejection rate. Topical tacrolimus is effective in promoting PK survival post-CLET compared with previous reports.
Forecasting Daily Arrivals and Peak Occupancy in a Combined Emergency Department
Authors: Tuominen Jalmari , Roine Antti , Saviauk Taavi , Seppo Anssi , Pihlaja Miika , Ovaska Jani , Pauniaho Satu-Liisa , Oksala Niku 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective Emergency department (ED) crowding is a global problem associated with negative patient outcomes such as mortality and prolonged length of stay. Forecasting overcrowding would enable pre-emptive strategical maneuvers and is a subject of constant academic interest. However, most studies focus on forecasting arrivals in United States ED setting. We propose a novel and intuitive crowding metric called daily peak occupancy and assess forecasting ED crowding in a Nordic Combined ED using both established and novel predictive algorithms.Methods All episodes of care in Tampere University Hospital ED were acquired from December 1, 2014 to June 19, 2019, amounting to 488 167 individual events. Predictability of two target variables was investigated: total daily arrivals (TDA) and daily peak occupancy (DPO) with forecast horizon of one day. Three models were investigated: Seasonal Autoregressive Moving Average (SARIMA), Facebook’s Prophet algorithm, and General Linear Model (GLM). Calendar variables were used as independent variables.Results SARIMA outperformed other models in predicting both total daily arrivals and daily peak occupancy with mean absolute percentage errors of 6.6% (±5.3) and 12.4% (±10.7) respectively. Next day overcrowding can be predicted using SARIMA with an AUC of 0.74 and accuracy of 79 %.Conclusion Predictive models can be utilized in a Nordic emergency medicine setting with similar or better accuracy as previously reported. Predicting future occupancy is possible but more challenging than predicting arrivals. Predicting peaks in demand remains a significant challenge. Future work should focus on investigating the value of exogenous variables in increasing model sensitivity.
Changes in Serum 25 Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Male University Long-Distance Runners Following Vitamin D3 Supplementation During Winter: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mami Toraishi , Mayumi Kasai , Takayuki Nakano , Jun Sasahara 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundVitamin D insufficiency and deficiency remain a global problem, even among athletes. In this study, we evaluated the serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] concentrations of male long-distance runners during winter and the effect of short-term vitamin D3 supplementation to elucidate their dietary vitamin D requirements. MethodsUsing double-blind randomization, 34 athletes on the “Ekiden” (long-distance road race) team at University A were divided into a vitamin D group (n = 17, 25 μg/day of vitamin D3 intake) and a placebo group (n = 17, placebo tablet intake). Both groups ate normal meals with either the supplement or placebo included, and all subjects underwent a 31-day dietary survey. The pre- and post-intervention body composition and blood test were measured and compared.ResultsPrior to intervention, the vitamin D intake amount was 16.7 ± 7.2 μg/day, but the serum 25 (OH) D concentration was 28.9 ± 5.7 ng/mL, and 22 (65%) of the 34 subjects had insufficient vitamin D (<30 ng/mL). During the intervention period, the mean amount of vitamin D intake was 40.0 ± 5.5 μg/day in the vitamin D group and 13.4 ± 7.7 μg/day in the placebo group. Serum 25 (OH) D concentrations increased from 30.7 ± 6.7 ng/mL to 35.4 ± 6.6 ng/mL in the vitamin D group and from 27.1 ± 3.9 ng/mL to 28.5 ± 4.4 ng/mL in the placebo group, respectively (p < 0.001, p < 0.01). After intervention, the serum 25 (OH) D concentration in the vitamin D group was significantly higher (p < 0.001). Additionally, the rate of vitamin D sufficiency was 82% in the vitamin D group and 43% in the placebo group, indicating a significant difference (p < 0.01). Conclusions﻿Our results demonstrate that post-intervention serum 25 (OH) D concentration was related to both mean vitamin D intake amount during the intervention period and pre-intervention serum 25 (OH) D concentration. However, to better quantify the required amount of vitamin D, further study of the effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone health is needed.
NADPH&nbsp;Oxidase 4 Signaling in a Ventilator-induced Lung Injury Mouse Model
Authors: Lee Sang Hoon , Shin Mi Hwa , Leem Ah Young , Lee Su Hwan , Chung Kyung Soo , Kim Young Sam , Park Moo Suk 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
For patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, a ventilator is essential to supply oxygen to tissues, but it may also cause lung damage. We investigated the role of NOX4 in a ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) model.Wild-type (WT) male C57BL/6J mice and NOX4 knockout (KO) male mice were divided into five groups: (1) control group; (2) high tidal ventilation (HTV) group: WT mice + HTV; (3) NOX4 KO group; (4) NOX4 KO with HTV group; (5) NOX4 inhibitor group: WT mice + HTV + NOX4 inhibitor. In addition, the relationship between EphA2 (which is related to lung injury) and NOX4 was investigated using EphA2 KO mice, and NOX4 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 38 patients with pneumonia were examined.In the NOX4 inhibitor group, cell counts and protein concentrations from BALF were significantly lower than those in the HTV group (both, p<0.001). In the NOX4 KO group and the NOX4 inhibitor group, EphA2 levels were significantly lower than those in the HTV group (p<0.001). NOX4 levels were significantly higher in patients with pneumonia and patients who received ventilator treatment in the ICU.In the VILI model, it may be possible to block VILI using NOX4 antibodies.