bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic brain injury and the fall of the Aztec empire: 500 years of head injury diagnosis
Authors: Ramos-Zúñiga Rodrigo , González-Rios Jorge Alberto , Martin-Monzón Isabel 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The Aztec civilization has been one of the most powerful and organized cultures in the pre-Columbian era in America. Its fall was due to many factors, including the incursion of Spanish colonization and its violent transculturation, associated with the strong influence of its theological traditions and beliefs, which generated a new configuration in its social structure.

Methods:
Through a qualitative analysis and a systematic review based on the keywords Montezuma and TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury), we found 70 texts of interest, of which 32 were selected for their anthropological and medical content and their relationship with the history of neurosurgery.

Results:
The traumatic brain injury (TBI) controversy and its consequences on this leader’s decision-making capacity and personal and social repercussions is evident. There are basically two versions of the story. That of the TBI was caused by his own people, and the other is the death due to injuries caused by the Spaniards. Historical texts that confirm these findings are presented.

Conclusion:
There is documentary evidence of TBI in the Aztec emperor, which partly explains his decision making behavior in the face of the invading Europeans. However, there is no forensic evidence to determine the causes of his death,
Revisiting the ‘Homeland’ Through a Transnational Lens
Authors: Karki Karun Kishor , KC Hari 
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we bring our individual and collective memories of Nepal to reflect upon how we imagine, remember, and perform the diasporic nationalism while living abroad. We argue that diasporic nationalism is often framed by the homeland's historical dimensions and through an imagined and identificatory relation to the homeland. In doing so, we bring our learning experiences during high school in Nepal and critically zero in on how these curriculums taught us only a single narrative of Nepal-India relation by grossly neglecting the other side of the narrative. To deconstruct such a grand narrative, we critically analyze the other side of the narrative, which reveals the Nepal-India relation as a 'paradox' between closeness and detachment. We discuss cross-border controversies in which the Indian hegemony of perpetuating colonial ideas overpowers Nepal through political and geopolitical intervention. We conclude the paper with our remarks to mitigate animosities and rebuild the fractured relationship between the two nations.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA NILAI ADVERSITY QUOTIENT (AQ) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI
Authors: Mahrawi Mahrawi , Usman Usman , Musliyani Anggi Tania 
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara nilai Adversity Quotient (AQ) terhadap hasil belajar biologi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif korelasional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMAN 13 Kabupten Tangerang kelas XI MIPA 1 dan XI MIPA 3 semester genap tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu Adversity Reponse Profile (ARP), dan nilai Penilaian Akhir Tahun (PAT) biologi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji koefisien korelasi, koefisien determinasi, dan regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai Adversity Quotient (AQ) peserta didik berada pada kategori tinggi dengan persentase sebesar 94,11% dan hasil belajar biologi dengan kategori baik yaitu 35,29%. Nilai pearson korelasi yang diperoleh yaitu sebesar 0,640. Korelasi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa tingkat hubungan antara nilai Adversity Quotient (AQ) terhadap hasil belajar biologi berada pada kategori kuat. Kesimpulan yang didapat yaitu terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara nilai Adversity Quotient (AQ) terhadap hasil belajar biologi.
CONGRUENT AXOIDS OF NON-CIRCULAR CONICAL WHEELS FORMED BY ARCS OF THE LOXODROME
Authors: Тetiana Kresan  , Serhiy Pylypaka  , Iryna Hryshchenko  , Tetiana Fedoryna  , Yaroslav Kremets  
Published: October 2021

If two linear surfaces move one after another without sliding, then they can be considered as axoids of a solid body that performs a corresponding motion in space. If the axoids are cylindrical surfaces, then the study of their rolling can be replaced by the study of the rolling of centroids - curves of the orthogonal cross section of these cylindrical surfaces. Usually the rolling of a moving centroid on a stationary one is considered. However, there are cases when centroids roll one after another, while rotating around fixed centers. Examples of round centroids are circles, non-round - congruent ellipses, in which the centers of rotation are foci. In both cases, the center-to-center distance is constant. The point of contact of the circles is located at the center distance and is stationary during their rotation, and for ellipses it "floats" on this segment. In the article [1] the congruent centroids formed by symmetric arcs of a logarithmic spiral are considered. The centers of rotation of the centroid are the poles of the spirals. A characteristic feature of logarithmic spirals is that they intersect all radius vectors emanating from the pole at a constant angle. For a sphere, the prototype of a logarithmic spiral is a loxodrome, which crosses all the meridians at a constant angle and twists around the pole of the sphere. The paper hypothesizes that closed spherical curves formed from arcs of loxodrome, like centroids from arcs of a logarithmic spiral on a plane, can also roll around axes intersecting in the center of the sphere. If these closed curves are connected by rectilinear segments with the center of the sphere, then two cones are formed - axoids of non- circular conical wheels. This hypothesis is based on the fact that with an infinite increase in the radius of the sphere, its surface around the pole turns into a plane, and the meridians - in straight lines emanating from the pole. Accordingly, the loxodrome is transformed into a logarithmic spiral. The article shows that the hypothesis is confirmed. Axoids of non- circular wheels are built in it, the axes of which intersect at right angles. The expression of the arc length of the loxodrome is found and it is shown that when the conical axoids rotate at appropriate angles around their axes, the contact curves pass straight paths. This means that the rolling of the axis occurs without sliding.
SYSTEMATIZATION OF INTERPOLATION METHODS IN GEOMETRIC MODELING
Authors: Oleksandr Mostovenko  
Published: October 2021

This article proposes to show the connections between the practical problems of geometric modeling, for the solution of which there are no adequate interpolation methods. Interpolation methods in mathematics first emerged as part of mathematical modeling, and eventually became a separate area of mathematics. The classical definition of interpolation is the constructive reproduction of a function of a certain class according to its known values or the values of its derivatives at given points.Interpolation problems arise in spaces of different dimensions when solving engineering problems. Elements of such spaces can be not only points but also other geometric shapes. The dimension of space is always equal to the parametric number of the element of space. In applied geometry, interpolation problems have been studied since the 1960s. Since there are so many publications related to interpolation problems, systematization is proposed for their analysis. The largest number of existing publications is devoted to the problems of one-dimensional interpolation in two-dimensional space, both continuous and discrete. A much smaller number of publications are devoted to two-dimensional continuous and discrete interpolation. The variety of interpolation methods is due, first, to different sets of initial geometric conditions. Only in some publications the choice of initial conditions depending on the purpose of interpolation problems in specific sectors of the economy. In many publications, the choice of interpolation method is related to the features of the basic mathematical apparatus. Among the considered publications there is none where the influence of parameters of the set points, namely distances from them to the current point of an interpolant, on its parameter is directly considered. Such interpolation can be the basis for modeling various energy fields, where given points are point sources of energy.
Efecto del Triticum Vulgare intravaginal, en el tratamiento del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia, en mujeres del Quindío, 2017-2019.
Authors: Espitia De La Hoz Franklin José 
Published: October 2021

Introducción: el principal objetivo terapéutico, en el síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia, es aliviar los síntomas. Objetivo: determinar el efecto del Triticum vulgare, en el tratamiento del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia. Métodos: estudio observacional; incluyó mujeres en posmenopausia, sexualmente activas con diagnóstico de síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia; entre 2017 y 2019, en Armenia (Colombia). El efecto se evaluó mediante la observación de la evolución de la mejoría y desaparición de los síntomas del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia y con la puntuación del índice de función sexual femenino. Se midió la aparición de reacciones adversas. Se utilizó dosis de 200 mg vía intravaginal diario por cinco semanas, luego cada tercer día por cinco semanas y finalmente una vez a la semana por cinco semanas; se completaron quince semanas de seguimiento. Resultados: el estudio incluyó 109 mujeres, con edad media de 58,29 ± 3,17 años. Los síntomas vaginales fueron los más frecuentes, en el 69,72% de las participantes. Al final del estudio el positivo efecto fue notorio al observarse mejoras significativas en los síntomas, con una disminución de la severidad del 91,74%, y en la mediana de los síntomas (4 vs. 1, p=0,001). En el índice de función sexual femenino la puntuación final alcanzó 27,16 ± 5,29 con una elevación media de 3,57 ±1,18 puntos (p=0,001). No se presentaron reacciones adversas. Conclusión: el Triticum Vulgare intravaginal, mostró un efecto positivo en el tratamiento del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia. Se requieren ensayos clínicos aleatorizados controlados, sobre su eficacia y seguridad en poblaciones más numerosas.
ВИХОВНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ СУЧАСНОЇ ЗАРУБІЖНОЇ ЛІТЕРАТУРИ У ФОРМУВАННІ ЗАГАЛЬНОЛЮДСЬКОЇ ЦІННОСТІ – ЛЮБОВІ
Authors: Андреєва О. 
Published: October 2021

У статті обґрунтована ідея, що художня література наділена великою силою виховного потенціалу. Література є одним із найголовніших чинників впливу на формування та виховання загальнолюдських цінностей та якостей людини у будь-якому віці. Особливий інтерес представляє проблема виховання за допомогою сучасної зарубіжної літератури такої загальнолюдської цінності, як любов. У статті розглянуто цю цінність як зацікавленість та прагнення до культивації у своїй свідомості таких чеснот, як добро, духовність, творення, прийняття себе та іншої людини. Література – це віддзеркалення дійсності, особливостей суспільства країни, мислення та звичок народів. Письменник, митець споглядає та відтворює дійсність середовища через призму свого сприйняття у творі. Літературний твір – це засіб комунікації автора, представника суспільства, народу окремої країни з читачем. Значна роль в процесі формування студентської молоді належить засобам художньої літератури. Високий виховний потенціал художньої літератури та сучасної зарубіжної літератури обумовлений специфікою її змісту, засвоєння якого розвивається особистістю та збагачує її внутрішній світ знаннями духовних цінностей, переживаннями їх смислової значущості. Таким чином, ми, занурюючись у світ, що його зображує митець, сприймаємо, відчуваємо емоції, думки, настрої, тенденції та проблеми розвитку або деградації людини, представника суспільства, нації, носія менталітету. Мета статті – дослідити виховний потенціал сучасної зарубіжної літератури щодо виховання любові.
Uji Efektivitas Daun Maja (Aegle marmelos) Sebagai Bioinsektisida Hama Plutella xylostella pada Tanaman Brokoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)
Authors: Azizah Silvia Fitrotul , Laili Saimul , Lisminingsih Ratna Djuniwati 
Published: October 2021

Indonesia has many insecticide producing plants that can be used as a control of plant pests.. Fermentation of squeeze maja leaves is suspected to be used as an herbal insecticide. Broccoli as a vegetable plant brassicacea tribe, one of the pests destroying broccoli plants is the caterpillar Plutella xylostella. The purpose ofthis research is to find out the effectiveness of fermentation of maja leaves as a pest of Plutella xylostella. Experimental research method is done using randomized design group (RDG) with 5 treatment concentrations sprayed fermentation maja leaves that is P0 = control (0%), P1 (25%), P2 (50%), P3 (75%), P4 (100%) and 4 repeats. Data from the analysis using Anova. The results showed Fhit > F(0.05) which is 11.12 > 3.26 there is a significant influence. But for the treatment of group Fhit < F(0.05) which is 1.15 < 3.49. The temporary conclusion of fermentation spraying of maja leaves has an effect on the mortality of the pest Plutella xylostella, but has no significant effect on the treatment of the group.Keywords: Maja Leaf Fermentation Solution, Herbal Insecticide, Plutella xylostella Pest ABSTRAKIndonesia mempunyai banyak tumbuhan penghasil insektisida yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai mengendalikan hama tanaman. Fermentasi perasan daun maja diduga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan insektisida herbal. Brokoli sebagai tanaman sayuran suku brassicacea, salah satu hama perusak tanaman brokoli adalah ulat Plutella xylostella. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas fermentasi perasan daun maja sebagai mengendali hama Plutella xylostella.Metode penelitian dilakakuan secara eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 perlakuan konsentrasi yang disemprot fermentasi perasan daun maja yaitu P0 = kontrol (0%), P1 (25%), P2 (50%), P3 (75%), P4 (100%) dan 4 kali ulangan. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan Anova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Fhit > F(0,05) yaitu 11.12 > 3.26 terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan. Tetapi untuk perlakuan kelompok Fhit < F(0.05) yaitu 1.15 < 3,49. Kesimpulan sementara penyemprotan fermentasi perasan daun maja berpengaruh terhadap mortalitas hama Plutella xylostella, tetapi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap perlakuan kelompok.Kata kunci : Larutan Fermentasi Daun Maja, Insektisida Herbal, Hama Plutella xylostella
Ginsenoside Rg3 Promotes Cell Growth Through Activation of mTORC1
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Sheng-Xiong , Ai Bo , Pan Hua-Feng , Zhang Dan , Jiang Yu , Hu Lei-Hao , Sun Ling-Ling , Chen Zhe-Sheng , Lin Li-Zhu 
Published: October 2021

Graphical AbstractGinsenoside Rg3 promotes cell growth through activation of mTORC1 and increasing mitochondrial biogenesis.
Dopant-Free Hole Transporting Material Based on Nonconjugated Adamantane for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Fan Dongyu , Zhang Ren , Li Yuheng , Shan Chengwei , Li Wenhui , Wang Yunhao , Xu Feiyang , Fan Hua , Sun Zonghao , Li Xuehui , Zhao Mengshuai , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko , Li Gongqiang , Wang Jianpu , Huang Wei 
Published: October 2021

A new dopant-free hole transporting material (HTM) 4′,4‴,4‴'',4‴''''-(adamantane-1,3,5,7-tetrayl)tetrakis(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-amine) (Ad-Ph-OMeTAD) (named FDY for short), which consists of a nonconjugated 3D bulky caged adamantane (Ad) as the core, triphenyl amines as side arms, and phenyl units as a linking bridge, is synthesized and applied in an inverted planar perovskite solar cell (PSC). As a result, the champion device with FDY as HTM yields an impressive power of conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.69%, with JSC = 22.42 mA cm−2, VOC = 1.05 V, and FF = 79.31% under standard AM 1.5G illumination, which is ca. 20% higher than that of the device based on PEDOT:PSS (only 15.41%). Notably, the stability of PSC based on FDY is much better than that of devices based on PEDOT:PSS, and the corresponding devices retain over 90% of their initial PCEs after storing for 60 days in a nitrogen glove box without any encapsulation. Even when stored in an open air condition with 50–60% relative humidity for 188 h, the retained PCE is still over 81% of its initial one. All these results demonstrate that the new design strategy by combing the bulky and nonconjugated (aliphatic) adamantane unit as the core and triphenyl amines as side arms can efficiently develop highly efficient HTMs for PSCs, which is different from the traditional way based on conjugated backbones, and it may open a new way for scientists to design small-molecule HTMs for PSCs.
Spontaneous Remission After a Hypercalcemic Crisis Caused by an Intracystic Hemorrhage of Bilateral Parathyroid Adenomas: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Liu Yaoxia , Li Jianwei , Liu Hui , Yang Han , Qiao Jingtao , Wei Tao , Wang Tao , Yu Yerong 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundHyperparathyroidism is a common cause of hypercalcemia; however, spontaneous remission after a hypercalcemic crisis caused by an intracystic hemorrhage of parathyroid adenomas is very rare. The question, then, is “What is the best treatment strategy for this type of case?”MethodA 47-year-old male patient with primary hyperparathyroidism and a hypercalcemic crisis is reported. Hypercalcemia was spontaneously relieved thereafter. Postoperative paraffin pathology results indicated an intracystic hemorrhage of bilateral parathyroid adenomas.ResultsAfter the case report, a literature review is also included to summarize the clinical features of this patient and to provide special reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of similar cases.ConclusionsThe choice of surgical timing for such cases can be made based on the comprehensive consideration of clinical symptoms and changes in parathyroid function.
Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling Identifies Phagocytosis-Related Dual-Feature Cells in A Model of Acute Otitis Media in Rats
Authors: Rao Yufang , Zhong Dalin , Qiu Ke , Cheng Danni , Li Li , Zhang Yi , Mao Minzi , Pang Wendu , Li Daibo , Song Yao , Li Junhong , Dong Yijun , Zhang Wei , Yu Haopeng , Ren Jianjun , Zhao Yu 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe molecular mechanisms of acute otitis media (AOM) development, and the intercellular crosstalk within the multicellular ecosystem of AOM, are not clear.MethodsWe established a model of AOM in rats (with normal rats as controls) and undertook single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) for the middle-ear mucosa (MEM). Cell clustering and trajectory analyses were undertaken using Seurat and Monocle 2 packages in R software. Pathway analyses were done by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Cell–cell interactions were inferred by CellChat. Cell scores were calculated to identify cells with dual-feature.ResultsA total of 7023 cells from three samples of inflamed MEM and 5258 cells from three samples of healthy MEM underwent scRNA-seq, which identified 20 cell clusters belonging to eight major cell types. After exposure to lipopolysaccharide, the MEM underwent significant conversion of cell types characterized by rapid infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils. M2 macrophages seemed to play a key part in inflammatory intercellular crosstalk, which facilitated the maintenance and proliferation of macrophages, cell chemotaxis, and regulation of the proinflammatory activities of cytokines. Three rare cell clusters with phagocytosis-related dual-feature were also identified. They coexisted with professional phagocytes in the MEM, and displayed distinct immunoregulatory functions by maintaining a normal immune microenvironment or influencing inflammation progression.ConclusionsMacrophages might be the “master” initiators and regulators of the inflammatory response of the MEM to external stimuli. And their functions are fulfilled by a specific polarization status (M2) and sophisticated intercellular crosstalk via certain signaling pathways. Besides, the coexistence of professional phagocytes and non-professional phagocytes as well as their interplay in the MEM provides new clues for deciphering the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of AOM.
Case Report: Osimertinib Followed by Osimertinib Plus Bevacizumab, Personalized Treatment Strategy for a Lung Cancer Patient With a Novel EGFR Exon 20 Insertion D770_N771insGT and Multiple Brain Metastases
Authors: Zhi Xiaoyu , Luo Jiancheng , Li Weiwei , Wang Jinliang , Wang Yuying , Cai Yi , Yan Xiang 
Published: October 2021

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are the standard of care for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR exon 19 deletion and L858R mutations. However, no EGFR TKI has been approved for NSCLC patients harboring insertion mutations in EGFR exon 20 (EGFRex20ins), a subgroup of uncommon EGFR mutations resistant to first-generation EGFR TKIs. This unmet clinical challenge is further complicated by disease progression due to brain metastases (BMs), which limits the use of EGFR TKIs with low intracranial activity. Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR TKI with high CNS activity, has demonstrated superior efficacy as a first-line treatment for EGFR-mutant NSCLC with or without BM. The VEGF pathway is a key mediator of cancer metastasis and resistance to EGFR TKIs. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the addition of anti-VEGF agents to EGFR TKIs provides an alternative treatment option for the clinical management of EGFR-mutant NSCLC. We herein report an NSCLC case with a novel EGFRex20ins mutation D770_N771insGT and multiple brain metastases who briefly responded to first-line osimertinib treatment and subsequently achieved prolonged disease control with osimertinib plus bevacizumab as second-line treatment. Our case suggests that osimertinib in combination with bevacizumab may be an effective option for NSCLC patients with specific EGFRex20ins mutations and brain metastases.
Suppression of Optical Rogue Waves by Dispersion Oscillating Fiber in the Mid-infrared Supercontinuum
Authors: Liu Shuo , Han Xin , lv Jiaqi , Feng Yanhui , Xia Yuanqin , Bai Zhenxu 
Published: October 2021

We further numerically study the mid-infrared supercontinuum (SC) and the rare optical rogue wave (ORW) generated by femtosecond pulse pumping in chalcogenide fibers. Specifically, it is shown via ensembles of numerical simulations that the compression of the spectrum by dispersion oscillating fiber (DOF) effectively controls the generation of ORW. A comparison is made between uniform fiber (UF) and DOF, the spectral bandwidth is compressed from 5,800 nm of UF to 2,300 nm of DOF, and the ORW of high peak power is suppressed. In addition, the oscillation amplitude, oscillation period and initial phase of DOF dispersion are further changed. It has been proved that the suppression effect of ORW is the best when the oscillation amplitude is 300 ps2/km, the oscillation period is 0.5 cm and the initial phase is 0. We believe that our research results will provide some enlightenment for controlling the direction of ORW by changing the characteristics of optical fiber, improving the performance of SC.