bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid‐stimulating hormone and free thyroxine fail to predict the severity and clinical course of hyperemesis gravidarum: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Nijsten Kelly , Koot Marjette H. , van der Post Joris A. M. , Bais Joke M. J. , Ris‐Stalpers Carrie , Naaktgeboren Christiana , Bremer Henk A. , van der Ham David P. , Heidema Wieteke M. , Huisjes Anjoke , Kleiverda Gunilla , Kuppens Simone M. , van Laar Judith O. E. H. , Langenveld Josje , van der Made Flip , Papatsonis Dimitri , Pelinck Marie‐José , Pernet Paula J. , van Rheenen‐Flach Leonie , Rijnders Robbert J. , Scheepers Hubertina C. J. , Siegelaar Sarah E. , Vogelvang Tatjana , Mol Ben W. , Roseboom Tessa J. , Grooten Iris J. , Painter Rebecca C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionLittle is known about the pathophysiology of hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). Proposed underlying causes are multifactorial and thyroid function is hypothesized to be causally involved. In this study, we aimed to assess the utility of thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) as a marker and predictor for the severity and clinical course of HG.Material and methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study including women admitted for HG between 5 and 20 weeks of gestation in 19 hospitals in the Netherlands. Women with a medical history of thyroid disease were excluded. TSH and FT4 were measured at study entry. To adjust for gestational age, we calculated TSH multiples of the median (MoM). We assessed HG severity at study entry as severity of nausea and vomiting (by the Pregnancy Unique Quantification of Emesis and nausea score), weight change compared with prepregnancy weight, and quality of life. We assessed the clinical course of HG as severity of nausea and vomiting and quality of life 1 week after inclusion, duration of hospital admissions, and readmissions. We performed multivariable regression analysis with absolute TSH, TSH MoMs, and FT4.ResultsBetween 2013 and 2016, 215 women participated in the cohort. TSH, TSH MoM, and FT4 were available for, respectively, 150, 126, and 106 of these women. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that lower TSH MoM was significantly associated with increased weight loss or lower weight gain at study entry (ΔKg; β = 2.00, 95% CI 0.47‐3.53), whereas absolute TSH and FT4 were not. Lower TSH, not lower TSH MoM or FT4, was significantly associated with lower nausea and vomiting scores 1 week after inclusion (β = 1.74, 95% CI 0.36‐3.11). TSH and FT4 showed no association with any of the other markers of the severity or clinical course of HG. Twenty‐one out of 215 (9.8%) women had gestational transient thyrotoxicosis. Women with gestational transient thyrotoxicosis had a lower quality of life 1 week after inclusion than women with no gestational transient thyrotoxicosis (p = 0.03).ConclusionsOur findings show an inconsistent role for TSH, TSH MoM, or FT4 at time of admission and provide little guidance on the severity and clinical course of HG.
Pregnancy‐induced hypertension and retinopathy of prematurity: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Ge Ge , Zhang Yun , Zhang Meixia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP), one of the leading causes of childhood blindness, is a complex condition in which various antenatal and neonatal factors participate at different stages of the disease. This meta‐analysis was conducted to investigate whether pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PIH) was associated with ROP by summarizing all available evidence.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, EBSCO and SCOPUS databases were searched for all relevant studies published from inception to April 2020. Studies investigating the association between PIH and ROP were included.ResultsA total of 29 studies were finally included for the meta‐analysis after study selection. The results showed there are both no significant association between PIH and the occurrence of ROP in case–control studies (OR 0.91, 95%CI 0.59 to 1.40, I2 = 81%, p = 0.67) and cohort studies (OR 1.32, 95%CI 0.89 to 1.98, I2 = 93%, p = 0.17). The conclusion was same between pre‐eclampsia and ROP (OR 0.82, 95%CI: 0.50 to 1.35, I2 = 83%, p = 0.43 in case–control studies and OR 1.70, 95%CI: 0.82 to 3.50, I2 = 95%, p = 0.15 in cohort studies).ConclusionIn summary, this meta‐analysis did not reveal a consistent result, the conclusion remains inconclusive, and further studies will be needed to come to a conclusion for the effect of maternal PIH on ROP and foster a better understanding of the prevention of ROP.
Safety and efficacy of obinutuzumab alone or with chemotherapy in previously untreated or relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients: Final analysis of the Phase IIIb GREEN study
Authors: Stilgenbauer Stephan , Bosch Francesc , Ilhan Osman , Kisro Jens , Mahé Béatrice , Mikuskova Eva , Osmanov Dzhelil , Reda Gianluigi , Robinson Sue , Tausch Eugen , Turgut Mehmet , Wójtowicz Marcin , Böttcher Sebastian , Perretti Thomas , Trask Peter , Van Hoef Marlies , Leblond Véronique , Foà Robin 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe manageable toxicity profile of obinutuzumab (GA101; G) alone or with chemotherapy in first‐line (1L; fit and non‐fit) and relapsed/refractory (R/R) patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) was established in the primary analysis of the Phase IIIb GREEN trial (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01905943). The final analysis (cut‐off, 31 January 2019) is reported here. Patients received G (1000 mg) alone (G‐mono; fit and non‐fit patients) or with chemotherapy [fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC; fit patients); chlorambucil (non‐fit patients); bendamustine (any patient)]. Study endpoints were safety (primary) and efficacy (secondary). Subgroup analyses were performed on prognostic biomarkers in 1L CLL. Overall, 630 patients received 1L and 341 received R/R CLL treatment. At the final analysis, no new safety signals were observed [Grade ≥ 3 adverse events (AEs): 1L 82·7%, R/R 84·5%; serious AEs: 1L 58·1%, R/R 62·5%]. Neutropenia (1L 50·5%, R/R 53·4%) and thrombocytopenia (1L 14·6%, R/R 19·1%) were the most common Grade 3–5 AEs. G‐mono‐, G‐bendamustine and G‐FC‐treated patients with unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain trended towards shorter progression‐free survival. Achievement of minimal residual disease negativity was greatest in 1L patients treated with G‐FC. In this final analysis of the GREEN trial, the safety profile of G was consistent with current risk management strategies. Biomarker analyses supported efficacy in the specific subgroups.
Targeting self‐criticism in the treatment of nonsuicidal self‐injury in dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ramsey William A. , Berlin Kristoffer S. , Del Conte Garry , Lightsey Owen R. , Schimmel‐Bristow Allison , Marks Laura R. , Strohmer Douglas C. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe Benefits and Barriers Model proposes both benefits and barriers associated with nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and that a negative association with the self plays a key role in the initial selection of and acute motivation for NSSI. The current investigation builds upon previous findings by assessing the added benefit of targeting self‐criticism in the treatment of NSSI.MethodsSample included 40 participants (30 females; Mage = 14.92) enrolled in dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents within a partial hospitalization program. All study participants received dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents, and those randomized to the experimental condition received an additional brief cognitive intervention developed to decrease self‐criticism.ResultsThere was no evidence of an indirect effect of targeting self‐criticism upon NSSI at post‐treatment via post‐treatment self‐criticism (b = −0.98, p = .543); however, there was evidence of a significant interaction between treatment condition and self‐criticism at pretreatment in the prediction of NSSI at post‐treatment (b = 0.33, p = .030). Analyses of simple slopes indicated the conditional direct effect of targeting self‐criticism varied as a function of patient’s level of self‐criticism at the onset of treatment, such that individuals −1 SD below the mean (b = −5.76, p = .037) and at average pretreatment levels of self‐criticism (b = −4.09, p = .042), but not + 1 SD above the mean (b = −2.42, p = .056), experienced fewer incidents of NSSI at post‐treatment.ConclusionsThe results of this investigation support the added benefit of targeting self‐criticism in the treatment of NSSI for adolescents.
Dysregulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling by protein kinases in hepatocellular carcinoma and its therapeutic application
Authors: Li Qian , Sun Mengqing , Wang Menglan , Feng Mengqing , Yang Fan , Li Lina , Zhao Jianbo , Chang Cunjie , Dong Heng , Xie Tian , Chen Jianxiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWnt/β‐catenin signaling is indispensable for many biological processes, including embryonic development, cell cycle, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling can promote tumorigenicity and enhance metastatic potential in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Targeting this pathway is a new opportunity for precise medicine for HCC. However, inhibiting Wnt/β‐catenin signaling alone is unlikely to significantly improve HCC patient outcome due to the lack of specific inhibitors and the complexity of this pathway. Combination with other therapies will be an important next step in improving the efficacy of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling inhibitors. Protein kinases play a key and evolutionarily conserved role in the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and have become one of the most important drug targets in cancer. Targeting Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and its regulatory kinase together will be a promising HCC management strategy. In this review, we summarize the kinases that modulate the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in HCC and briefly discuss their molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we list some small molecules that target the kinases and may inhibit Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, to offer new perspectives for preclinical and clinical HCC studies.
Development of Math Attitudes and Math Self‐Concepts: Gender Differences, Implicit–Explicit Dissociations, and Relations to Math Achievement
Authors: Cvencek Dario , Brečić Ružica , Gaćeša Dora , Meltzoff Andrew N. 
Published: February 2021

Three hundred and ninety‐one children (195 girls; Mage = 9.56 years) attending Grades 1 and 5 completed implicit and explicit measures of math attitudes and math self‐concepts. Math grades were obtained. Multilevel analyses showed that first‐grade girls held a strong negative implicit attitude about math, despite no gender differences in math grades or self‐reported (explicit) positivity about math. The explicit measures significantly predicted math grades, and implicit attitudes accounted for additional variance in boys. The contrast between the implicit (negativity for girls) and explicit (positivity for girls and boys) effects suggest implicit–explicit dissociations in children, which have also been observed in adults. Early‐emerging implicit attitudes may be a foundation for the later development of explicit attitudes and beliefs about math.
Sterol metabolism and protein metabolism are differentially correlated with sarcopenia in Asian Chinese men and women
Authors: Li Chun‐Wei , Yu Kang , Shyh‐Chang Ng , Li Guo‐Xun , Yu Song‐Lin , Liu Hui‐Jun , Yang Bo , Li Zi‐Yao , Zhao Yong‐Jie , Xu Long‐Yu , Xu Jing , Jiang Ling‐Juan , Liu Rong‐Ji , Zhang Xin‐Yuan , Li Shao‐Fei , Zhang Xiao‐Wei , Xie Hai‐Yan , Li Kang , Zhan Yi‐Xiang , Cui Min , Tao Hang‐Bo , Li Yao , Liu Gao‐Shan , Ni Ke‐Min , Li Dong‐Jing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesOur aim was to investigate the prevalence and predictive variables of sarcopenia.MethodsWe recruited participants from the Peking Union Medical College Hospital Multicenter Prospective Longitudinal Sarcopenia Study (PPLSS). Muscle mass was quantified using bioimpedance, and muscle function was quantified using grip strength and gait speed. Logistic regression revealed the relationships between sarcopenia and nutritional, lifestyle, disease, psychosocial and physical variables.ResultsThe prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity was 9.2%‐16.2% and 0.26%‐9.1%, respectively. Old age, single status, undernourishment, higher income, smoking, low physical activity, poor appetite and low protein diets were significantly associated with sarcopenia. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age was a risk factor for all stages of sarcopenia, and participants above 80 years were greater than fivefold more susceptible to sarcopenia, while lower physical activity was an independent risk factor. The optimal cut‐off value for age was 71 years, which departs from the commonly accepted cut‐off of 60 years. Female participants were greater than twofold less susceptible to sarcopenia than male participants. The sterol derivative 25‐hydroxyvitamin D was associated with fourfold lower odds of sarcopenia in male participants. Several protein intake variables were also correlated with sarcopenia. Based on these parameters, we defined a highly predictive index for sarcopenia.ConclusionsOur findings support a predictive index of sarcopenia, which agglomerates the complex influences that sterol metabolism and nutrition exert on male vs female participants.
Conservation science and the ethos of restraint
Authors: Brister Evelyn , Holbrook J. Britt , Palmer Megan J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite aiming to make conservation science and practice more effective, many conservationists default to excessive precaution, advocating conservative actions—or even inaction. The field suffers from an understandable aversion to unintended consequences, especially for approaches involving biotechnology and “next‐generation” interventions. We call this default precautionary attitude among conservationists the ethos of restraint and argue for replacing it with an ethos of responsible conservation action. Loosening the ethos of restraint will require (a) more holistically accounting for comparative risks, benefits, and costs of novel approaches; (b) gathering more data on their consequences; (c) engaging in dialogue about intended consequences and conservation values; and (d) pursuing adaptive implementation strategies. Adopting an ethos of responsible conservation action requires grasping that precaution and proaction are not diametrically opposed attitudes. Instead, we must decide what level of precaution or proaction is warranted, and what to do, on a case‐by‐case basis.
Dapagliflozin effects on lung fluid volumes in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: Results from the DEFINE‐HF trial
Authors: Nassif Michael E. , Windsor Sheryl L. , Tang Fengming , Husain Mansoor , Inzucchi Silvio E. , McGuire Darren K. , Pitt Bertram , Scirica Benjamin M. , Austin Bethany , Fong Michael W. , LaRue Shane J. , Umpierrez Guillermo , Hartupee Justin , Khariton Yevgeniy , Malik Ali O. , Ogunniyi Modele O. , Wenger Nanette K. , Kosiborod Mikhail N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure (HF), and improve symptom burden, physical function and quality of life in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction. The mechanisms of the HF benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors, however, remain unclear. In this substudy of the DEFINE‐HF trial, patients randomized to dapagliflozin or placebo had lung fluid volumes (LFVs) measured by remote dieletric sensing at baseline and after 12 weeks of therapy. A significantly greater proportion of dapagliflozin‐treated patients (as compared with placebo) experienced improvement in LFVs and fewer dapagliflozin‐treated patients had no change or deterioration in LFVs after 12 weeks of treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first study to suggest a direct effect of dapagliflozin (or any SGLT2 inhibitor) on more effective “decongestion”, contributing in a meaningful way to the ongoing debate regarding the mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitor HF benefits.
Imaging a unicuspid aortic valve with transillumination
Authors: Malagoli Alessandro , Albini Alessandro , Baldini Luca , Grassi Laura , Tondi Stefano 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUnicuspid aortic valve (UAV) is a rare congenital malformation which portends an augmented risk of early valve degeneration. Timely detection of this cardiac valvular anomaly is crucial because a strict follow‐up is warranted. Currently, the best morphological information is provided by two‐dimensional echocardiography; however, its diagnostic performance has been found to be suboptimal by some anatomical features, making it tough to distinguish between UAV and bicuspid aortic valve. Transillumination is a photo‐realism technique that employs the use of a virtual light source that simulates the interaction of light on 3‐dimensional surfaces, improving the visualization of morphological characteristics. Our report highlights the incremental value of photo‐realistic rendering and lighting source technology to better define the aortic valve morphology.
The influence of time, soil moisture and exogenous factors on the survival potential of oospores and chlamydospores of Phytophthora cinnamomi
Authors: Gyeltshen Jamba , Dunstan William A. , Grigg Andrew H. , Burgess Treena I. , St. J. Hardy Giles E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe mode of persistence of Phytophthora cinnamomi, a highly aggressive soil‐ and water‐borne pathogen, remains unclear. This study investigated the survival of viable oospores and chlamydospores of P. cinnamomi when present as free propagules in untreated soil, or in soil subject to four exogenous treatments: smoke water, fish emulsion and two fungicides (ridomil and furalaxyl). The exogenous treatments were applied under moist and dry soil conditions. Spore viability was determined by the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) staining technique, with a qPCR assay used to compare general patterns of decline. Over 96% of oospores lost viability over a period of 48 weeks irrespective of soil moisture conditions. The mean percentage viability for oospores decreased from 91% at time zero to 72, 35, 20 and 1% after 6, 12, 24 and 48 weeks, respectively. Reduction in viability of chlamydospores was more rapid than oospores, with viability declining from 92% to zero after 12 weeks. There was no significant difference between untreated soil and the exogenous treatments. The RNA‐based qPCR assay indicated a strong presence of viable oospores of P. cinnamomi up to week 12 for moist soil and week 3 for dry soil, but thereafter failed to detect RNA even though viable oospores could be detected by MTT staining. Based on the MTT staining, this study indicated that viability of P. cinnamomi oospores may be entirely lost within 1 year and that of chlamydospores within 3 months for the soil type tested. Therefore, oospores and chlamydospores when existing as free propagules in soil appear unlikely to be involved in the long‐term survival of P. cinnamomi.
Screening of Metrosideros polymorpha (‘ōhi‘a) varieties for resistance to Ceratocystis lukuohia
Authors: Luiz Blaine , Stacy Elizabeth A. , Keith Lisa M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStands of the landscape‐dominant tree, Metrosideros polymorpha (‘ōhi‘a) on the Island of Hawai‘i, HI., USA, are dying from a phenomenon known as rapid ‘ōhi‘a death (ROD). Approximately 180,000 acres of forest have already been impacted by the disease, the majority of which is attributed to C. lukuohia, the more aggressive of the two Ceratocystis species responsible for ROD. Three isolates of C. lukuohia were compared for differences in aggressiveness. Mean disease severity and mean number of days to death did not differ among the three isolates of C. lukuohia. A single isolate was selected for use in a resistance screening of 128 plants across four varieties of M. polymorpha occurring on Hawai‘i Island: incana, glaberrima, polymorpha and newellii. Disease severity was lower in early‐successional var. incana (38.84%) and riparian var. newellii (36.11%) compared to late‐successional var. glaberrima (61.27%) and high‐elevation var. polymorpha (70.27%). Var. incana and var. newellii also had the lowest mortality (63% and 77%, respectively) while var. glaberrima (86%) and var. polymorpha (100%) had the highest mortality. Eighty‐five per cent of the plants that died did so within 49 days post‐inoculation and mean number of days to death was significantly higher for var. glaberrima (46) compared to var. polymorpha (31). The results of this preliminary study suggest that some form of resistance might be present in natural populations of at least one variety of M. polymorpha on Hawai‘i Island and should be investigated more intensively.
Botryosphaeriaceae species causing canker and dieback of English walnut (Juglans regia) in Italy
Authors: Gusella Giorgio , Giambra Selene , Conigliaro Gaetano , Burruano Santella , Polizzi Giancarlo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnglish walnut (Juglans regia) is an important nut crop worldwide and is currently considered emerging in Italy. Botryosphaeriaceae fungi cause symptoms including cankers, discoloration and dieback, and several species are reported across the world on walnut. In this study, symptomatic trees from an orchard in Southern Italy showing branch dieback, cankers, wood discoloration and gummosis were surveyed. Three different fungi from the Botryosphaeriaceae were consistently isolated from symptomatic tissues. Representative isolates were characterized using morphological and molecular approaches based on conidial morphology, optimum growth temperature and the comparison of DNA sequence data from the ITS, tef1‐α and tub2 loci. Three species were identified: Botryosphaeria dothidea, Neofusicoccum mediterraneum and Neofusicoccum parvum. Pathogenicity tests on detached fruits and potted plants showed that all three species were pathogenic. To our knowledge, this is the first report of these Botryosphaeriaceae species causing canker and dieback on English walnut in Italy.
Phylogeography and host range of Armillaria gallica in riparian forests of the northern Great Plains, USA
Authors: Alveshere Brandon C. , McMurtrey Shawn , Bennett Patrick , Kim Mee‐Sook , Hanna John W. , Klopfenstein Ned B. , Blodgett James T. , LeBoldus Jared M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRoot disease pathogens, including Armillaria, are a leading cause of growth loss and tree mortality in forest ecosystems of North America. Armillaria spp. have a wide host range and can cause significant reductions in tree growth that may lead to mortality. DNA sequence comparisons and phylogenetic studies have allowed a better understanding of Armillaria spp. taxonomic diversity. Genetic sequencing has facilitated the mapping of species distributions and host associations, providing insights into Armillaria ecology. These studies can help to inform forest management and are essential in the development of disease risk maps, leading to more effective management strategies for Armillaria root disease. Armillaria surveys were conducted on publicly owned lands in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska, U.S.A. Surveyed stands consisted of riparian forests ≥0.4 hectares in area. Armillaria was found at 78 of 101 sites. A total of 57 Armillaria isolates—associated with 12 host tree species—were used for DNA sequencing of the translation elongation factor‐1 alpha (tef1) gene. Armillaria gallica was the only species identified within the study sites. Results suggest that A. gallica is a common root pathogen of hardwood trees in riparian forests of the northern Great Plains with a wider host range and geographic distribution than previously recognized.