bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The aging venous system: from varicosities to vascular cognitive impairment
Authors: Molnár Andrea Ágnes , Nádasy György László , Dörnyei Gabriella , Patai Bernadett Bettina , Delfavero Jordan , Fülöp Gábor Áron , Kirkpatrick Angelia C. , Ungvári Zoltán , Merkely Béla 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aging-induced pathological alterations of the circulatory system play a critical role in morbidity and mortality of older adults. While the importance of cellular and molecular mechanisms of arterial aging for increased cardiovascular risk in older adults is increasingly appreciated, aging processes of veins are much less studied and understood than those of arteries. In this review, age-related cellular and morphological alterations in the venous system are presented. Similarities and dissimilarities between arterial and venous aging are highlighted, and shared molecular mechanisms of arterial and venous aging are considered. The pathogenesis of venous diseases affecting older adults, including varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency, and deep vein thrombosis, is discussed, and the potential contribution of venous pathologies to the onset of vascular cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases is emphasized. It is our hope that a greater appreciation of the cellular and molecular processes of vascular aging will stimulate further investigation into strategies aimed at preventing or retarding age-related venous pathologies.
Kernel Principal Component Analysis for Structural Health Monitoring and Damage Detection of an Engineering Structure Under Operational Loading Variations
Authors: Rahim Sharafiz Abdul , Manson Graeme 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper highlights kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) in distinguishing damage-sensitive features from the effects of liquid loading on frequency response. A vibration test is performed on an aircraft wing box incorporated with a liquid tank that undergoes various tank loading. Such experiment is established as a preliminary study of an aircraft wing that undergoes operational load change in a fuel tank. The operational loading effects in a mechanical system can lead to a false alarm as loading and damage effects produce a similar reduction in the vibration response. This study proposes a non-nonlinear transformation to separate loading effects from damage-sensitive features. Based on a baseline data set built from a healthy structure that undergoes systematic tank loading, the Gaussian parameter is measured based on the distance of the baseline data set to various damage states. As a result, both loading and damage features expand and are distinguished better. For novelty damage detection, Mahalanobis square distance (MSD) and Monte Carlo-based threshold are applied. The main contribution of this project is the nonlinear PCA projection to understand the dynamic behavior of the wing box under damage and loading influences and to differentiate both effects that arise from the tank loading and damage severities.
Endothelial cell-specific reduction of heparan sulfate suppresses glioma growth in mice
Authors: Kinoshita Takamasa , Tomita Hiroyuki , Okada Hideshi , Niwa Ayumi , Hyodo Fuminori , Kanayama Tomohiro , Matsuo Mikiko , Imaizumi Yuko , Kuroda Takahiro , Hatano Yuichiro , Miyai Masafumi , Egashira Yusuke , Enomoto Yukiko , Nakayama Noriyuki , Sugie Shigeyuki , Matsumoto Kazu , Yamaguchi Yu , Matsuo Masayuki , Hara Hideaki , Iwama Toru , Hara Akira 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Heparan sulfate (HS) is one of the factors that has been suggested to be associated with angiogenesis and invasion of glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive and fast-growing brain tumor. However, it remains unclear how HS of endothelial cells is involved in angiogenesis in glioblastoma and its prognosis. Thus, we investigated the effect of endothelial cell HS on GBM development.

Methods
We generated endothelial cell-specific knockout of Ext1, a gene encoding a glycosyltransferase and essential for HS synthesis, and murine GL261 glioblastoma cells were orthotopically transplanted. Two weeks after transplantation, we examined the tumor progression and underlying mechanisms.

Results
The endothelial cell-specific Ext1 knockout (Ext1CKO) mice exhibited reduced HS expression specifically in the vascular endothelium of the brain capillaries compared with the control wild-type (WT) mice. GBM growth was significantly suppressed in Ext1CKO mice compared with that in WT mice. After GBM transplantation, the survival rate was significantly higher in Ext1CKO mice than in WT mice. We investigated how the effect of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), which is known as an angiogenesis-promoting factor, differs between Ext1CKO and WT mice by using an in vivo Matrigel assay and demonstrated that endothelial cell-specific HS reduction attenuated the effect of FGF2 on angiogenesis.

Conclusions
HS reduction in the vascular endothelium of the brain suppressed GBM growth and neovascularization in mice.
User experience and acceptance of a device assisting persons with dementia in daily life: a multicenter field study
Authors: König Theresa , Pigliautile Martina , Águila Oscar , Arambarri Jon , Christophorou Christophoros , Colombo Matteo , Constantinides Argyris , Curia Rosario , Dankl Kathrina , Hanke Sten , Mayer Christopher Clemens , Moritsch Stefan , Müllner-Rieder Markus , Pernkopf Fritz , Schüler Christian , Stillo Maria , Mecocci Patrizia , Stögmann Elisabeth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAssistive technologies have the potential to facilitate everyday life of people with dementia and their families. Close collaboration with affected people and interdisciplinary research are essential to understand and address the needs of prospective users. In this study, we present the results of the evaluation of such an assistive system prototype.AimsChallenges from the patient and caregiver side, technical and design problems and acceptance and usability with regard to our special target group were evaluated.MethodsMEMENTO, a system of two e-ink tablets and a smartwatch, was tested in the domestic environment of dementia patients. Thirty participants from Italy, Spain and Austria took part in a 3-month field trial and compared the MEMENTO system to traditional strategies in everyday life. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and frequency of use of the system was monitored.ResultsThere were no significant changes in quantitative measurements, such as activities of daily living and caregiver burden over the duration of the 3-month field trial. More frequent usage was significantly correlated with positive attitude towards technology (r = 0.723,p < 0.05), but not with age. The design of the system was positively emphasized, reducing fear of the technology on the one hand and stigmatization on the other.ConclusionWe show that a positive attitude towards technology is the essential variable for successful implementation of such systems, regardless of age. Participants showed great interest in digital solutions and agreed that technological systems will help in maintaining independency of persons with cognitive dysfunction in the future.
The Navier–Stokes equations on the plane with time-dependent external forces
Authors: Yamazaki Masao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe are concerned with the non-stationary Navier–Stokes equations on the whole plane with external forces which are non-decaying in time, and give a sufficient condition on the external forces for the existence of a solution which exists for whole time. Typical examples are time-periodic solutions and solutions almost periodic in time. The stability under perturbation is also verified.
Inhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary value problem for nonlinear Schrödinger equations in the upper half-space
Authors: Hayashi Nakao , Kaikina Elena I. , Ogawa Takayoshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe consider the inhomogeneous Dirichlet-boundary value problem for nonlinear Schrödinger equations with a power nonlinearity in general space dimension $$n\ge 3$$

n
≥
3

. We present some results on global existence in time and uniquness of small solutions to integral equations associated to the original problem.
On a Navier–Stokes–Ohm problem from plasma physics in multi connected domains
Authors: Shimizu Senjo , Tsuritani Hidenobu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe consider a model from electro-magneto-hydrodynamics describing a plasma in bounded multi connected domains. A nontrivial solution exists for magnetic fields as the equilibrium of this model. Nonlinear stability of the nontrivial solution is proved based on time weighted maximal $$L_p$$

L
p

-regularity.
Development and analysis of entropy stable no-slip wall boundary conditions for the Eulerian model for viscous and heat conducting compressible flows
Authors: Sayyari Mohammed , Dalcin Lisandro , Parsani Matteo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNonlinear entropy stability analysis is used to derive entropy stable no-slip wall boundary conditions for the Eulerian model proposed by Svärd (Phys A Stat Mech Appl 506:350–375, 2018). The spatial discretization is based on entropy stable collocated discontinuous Galerkin operators with the summation-by-parts property for unstructured grids. A set of viscous test cases of increasing complexity are simulated using both the Eulerian and the classic compressible Navier–Stokes models. The numerical results obtained with the two models are compared, and similarities and differences are then highlighted. However, the differences are very small and probably smaller than what the current experimental technology allows to measure.
Facing it: assessing the immediate emotional impacts of calorie labelling using automatic facial coding
Authors: Laffan Kate , Sunstein Cass , Dolan Paul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough there has been a proliferation of research and policy work into how nudges shape people's behaviour, most studies stop far short of consumer welfare analysis. In the current work, we critically reflect on recent efforts to provide insights into the consumer welfare impact of nudges using willingness to pay and subjective well-being reports and explore an unobtrusive approach that can speak to the immediate emotional impacts of a nudge: automatic facial expression coding. In an exploratory lab study, we use facial expression coding to assess the short-run emotional impact of being presented with calorie information about a popcorn snack in the context of a stylised ‘Cinema experience’. The results of the study indicate that calorie information has heterogeneous impacts on people's likelihood of choosing the snack and on the emotions they experience during the moment of choice which varies based on their level of health-consciousness. The information does not, however, affect the emotions people go on to experience while viewing movie clips, suggesting that the emotional effects of the information are short-lived. We conclude by emphasising the potential of automatic facial expression coding to provide new insights into the immediate emotional impacts of nudges and calling for further research into this promising technique.
Experiments and egalitarianism
Authors: Hargreaves Heap Shaun P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I reflect on the implications that ultimatum and dictator game experiments might have for public policy and for the debates over egalitarianism. Experiments suggest that people are more inclined to redistribute when outcomes are influenced by luck than effort. This can create difficulties for public policy when people hold contrasting views over whether luck or effort determine outcomes. The results also appear to play into forms of luck egalitarianism. However, they may also be consistent with an alternative understanding of egalitarianism as the impulse to have rules that treat people equally.
Yield response of barley to the application of mineral fertilizers containing major nutrients on Cambisols and Vertisols in Ethiopia
Authors: Shewangizaw Beza , Gurumu Gebreyes , Agegnehu Getachew , Eshetu Mulugeta , Assefa Shawl , Hadgu Fisseha , Seid Jemal , Tibebe Degefie , Sileshi Gudeta W. , Tamene Lulseged 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Increasing barley production in the face of declining soil fertility on smallholder farms is a critical challenge in Ethiopia. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the optimum rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) fertilizers under a balanced fertilization of other macro- and micronutrients (zinc and boron) and (2) quantify the agronomic efficiency of N and P on Cambisols and Vertisols. The trials were conducted for three consecutive years (2014–2016) on farmers’ fields on 83 sites under rain-fed conditions. On each farm, six rates of N, P, K, and S with a balanced application of the other nutrients were laid out separately in a randomized block design with three replicates. Balanced fertilization resulted in yield increments of 26–59% on Cambisols and 18–74% on Vertisols, as compared with the control (0 N). Application of P increased grain yield from 11% to 30% and from 7% to 14% due to the interaction of P by soil type as compared with the control. The application of K and S, however, had no significant effect on barley yields on either soil type. The highest agronomic efficiency of N (AEN) was obtained from 46 kg N ha−1, with AEN increasing by 117% on Cambisols and 33% on Vertisols, as compared with the highest N rate of 230 kg N ha−1. The maximum agronomic efficiency of P (AEP) was recorded with 10 kg P ha−1 on Vertisols, with AEP increasing by 73% on Cambisols and 452% on Vertisols, as compared with the application of 50 kg P ha−1. With balanced application of other nutrients, use of 230 kg N and 20 kg P ha−1 was recommended for tepid sub-moist mid-highlands and Vertisols. For tepid sub-humid mid-highlands, application of 46 kg N and 20 kg P ha−1 with balanced application of other nutrients was recommended. For Cambisols, application of 230 kg N and 40 kg P ha−1 was recommended with balanced application of the other nutrients. Similarly, application of 230 kg N, 40 kg P, and 10 kg S ha−1 was tentatively recommended for cool sub-most mid highlands. However, response to K was inconsistent and therefore a firm recommendation could not be proposed for the study sites. Further research needs to be conducted on more soil types and locations.
ALIGNING THE BRUSSELS REGIME WITH THE REPRESENTATIVE ACTIONS DIRECTIVE
Authors: Rielaender Frederick 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEuropean private international law has long been recognised as improperly set up to deal with cross-border collective redress. In light of this shortcoming, it seems unfortunate that the private international law implications of the Representative Actions Directive (Directive (EU) No 2020/1828) have not yet been addressed coherently by the European legislator. This article examines to what extent the policy of promoting collective redress can be supported, even if only partially, through a reinterpretation of the jurisdictional rules of the Brussels Ia Regulation. Furthermore, it discusses which legislative measures need to be adopted to better accommodate collective redress mechanisms within the Brussels regime.
Comparative proteomic analysis of Leishmania parasites isolated from visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis patients
Authors: Dinç Melike , Yalçın Talat , Çavuş İbrahim , Özbilgin Ahmet 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLeishmaniasis is an infectious disease in which different clinical manifestations are classified into three primary forms: visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous. These disease forms are associated with parasite species of the protozoan genus Leishmania. For instance, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica are typically linked with visceral (VL) and cutaneous (CL) leishmaniasis, respectively; however, these two species can also cause other form to a lesser extent. What is more alarming is this characteristic, which threatens current medical diagnosis and treatment, is started to be acquired by other species. Our purpose was to address this issue; therefore, gel-based and gel-free proteomic analyses were carried out on the species L. infantum to determine the proteins differentiating between the parasites caused VL and CL. In addition, L. tropica parasites representing the typical cases for CL were included. According to our results, electrophoresis gels of parasites caused to VL were distinguishable regarding the repetitive down-regulation on some specific locations. In addition, a distinct spot of an antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase, was shown up only on the gels of CL samples regardless of the species. In the gel-free approach, 37 proteins that were verified with a second database search using a different search engine, were recognized from the comparison between VL and CL samples. Among them, 31 proteins for the CL group and six proteins for the VL group were determined differentially abundant. Two proteins from the gel-based analysis, pyruvate kinase and succinyl-coA:3-ketoacid-coenzyme A transferase analysis were encountered in the protein list of the CL group.
Raptor migration at Guantouling, south-west China: phenology, weather influence and persecution pressure
Authors: SHI XU , XIAO XIAOBO , ZHAO XINYI , SUN RENJIE , ZHAO XINGFENG , CHOI CHI-YEUNG , LIN WUYING 
Published: November 2021

Summary
South-west China, particularly between the Himalayas and the Beibu Gulf, constitutes an important corridor for migratory raptors along the East-Asian continental flyway. However, a lack of ornithological assessment and the common practice of illegal hunting in this region emphasize the need for research and conservation actions. To investigate the ecology of migration and scale of persecution, we launched one of the first citizen-science projects in mainland China to record southward-migrating raptors and hunting gunshots from 2015 to 2019 on Guantouling, a well-known raptor site in South-west China. A total of 42,891 raptors were recorded, belonging to 30 diurnal raptor species. Grey-faced Buzzard Butastur indicus, Oriental Honey Buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus and Amur Falcon Falco amurensis were the three most abundant species recorded. The bulk of Grey-faced Buzzard and Amur Falcon migrated through Guantouling from mid-October till early November, while Oriental Honey Buzzard migrated throughout October and early November. Precipitation slowed down migration significantly while increasing cloud cover was favoured by the three most abundant species. We found hunting mostly occurred in the afternoon, coinciding with an increasing number of Oriental Honey Buzzard, which may become a major victim of hunting. It is thus suggested to prioritize peak raptor migration period for law enforcement actions, especially on cloudy days and after passage of cold fronts, when Oriental Honey Buzzards and other species are likely to migrate. The annual counting scheme on Guantouling is not only an ecological survey, but also an effective way of engaging the public to counter raptor persecution.
Worth its weight in gold: is the extractive industries transparency initiative a credible signalling mechanism to investors?
Authors: Fraser Jamie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper seeks to understand the link between resource governance and investor expectations in resource-rich countries. We test whether voluntary membership in the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), a public-private partnership that promotes transparency and accountability in the extractives sector, behaves as a credible signalling mechanism to investors that governments in resource-rich countries can manage resource revenue and adhere to sustainable fiscal policies in the medium and long run. Using an interrupted time series analysis coupled with a fixed effects model, we examine whether investor expectations on the price of sovereign debt behave as a credible signalling mechanism in the presence of certain conditions. Results indicate that in some cases there is a significant change in spread on the default price of sovereign debt as a result of announcement of either EITI candidacy or EITI compliance. However, it is clear that EITI membership alone is not a sufficient signal to investors that a country can effectively manage its resource revenues in the long run because the result of EITI implementation is heavily influenced by country-specific conditions.
Closer to home: How national implementation affects State conduct in partnered operations
Authors: Amoroso Alessandro Mario 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDomestic law, case law and policies play a decisive yet underestimated role in ensuring that partnered operations are carried out in compliance with international law. Research on the legal framework of partnered operations has so far focused on clarifying existing and emerging obligations at the international level. Less attention has been devoted to understanding whether and how domestic legal systems integrate international law into national decision-making which governs the planning, execution and assessment of partnered operations. This article tries to fill the gap by focusing on the practice of selected States (the United States, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Germany and Italy), chosen for their recent or current involvement in partnered operations. By using the International Committee of the Red Cross's “support relationships” framework and based on a comparative analysis of practice, the study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of national laws, case law and policies according to their ability to prevent or mitigate the risk of humanitarian consequences posed by partnered warfare.
Mechanical scarification technique breaks seed coat-mediated dormancy in wild oat (Avena fatua)
Authors: Lujan Rocha Roberto , Khalil Yaseen , Maity Aniruddha , Beckie Hugh J. , Ashworth Michael B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWild oat is a herbicide resistance-prone global weed species that causes significant economic losses in dryland and horticultural agriculture. As a result, there has been a significant research effort to control this species. A major impediment to this research is the seed coat-mediated dormancy of wild oat, which requires a labor-intensive incision or puncturing of the seed coat to initiate seed germination. This study defines the most efficient settings of a mechanical thresher to overcome wild oat seed dormancy and then validates these settings using multiple populations collected from the Western Australian grain belt. We also compare the effects of rapid mechanical scarification and known germination stimulus tactics such as scarification with sulfuric acid (H2SO4), partial endosperm removal, sandpaper scarification of the seed coat, and immersion in sodium nitroprusside (NO donor SNP) solution on wild oat seedling growth rate. Threshing treatment of 1,500 rpm for 5 s provides equivalent germination compared with manually puncturing individual wild oat seeds, with no difference in seedling relative growth rate. The mechanical scarification of seeds using the thresher resulted in greater germination (66%) than H2SO4 scarification (0%), partial endosperm removal (10%), sandpaper seed coat scarification (25%), and exposure to NO donor SNP (34%). This study demonstrates that the physical dormancy of wild oat can be rapidly overcome using a commercially available mechanical thresher.