bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovatively processed quinoa (Chenopodium quinoaWilld.) food: chemistry, structure and end‐use characteristics
Authors: Kuktaite Ramune , Repo‐Carrasco‐Valencia Ritva , de Mendoza Cesar CH , Plivelic Tomás S , Hall Stephen , Johansson Eva 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) flour and processed traditional Peruvian quinoa breakfast foods were studied to evaluate the effect of extrusion and post‐processing on protein properties, morphology and nutritional characteristics (amino acids and dietary fibers).RESULTSThe extrusion increased quinoa protein crosslinking and aggregation observed by size exclusion high‐performance liquid chromatography and the amount of soluble fibers, as well as decreasing the amounts of insoluble fibers in the processed foods. The post‐processing drying resulted in additional crosslinking of large protein fractions in the quinoa products. The microstructure of the extruded quinoa breakfast flakes and heat‐post‐processed samples studied by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray tomography differed greatly; post‐drying induced formation of aerated protein microstructures in the heat‐treated samples. Nanostructures revealed by small‐angle and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering indicated that extrusion imparted morphological changes in the quinoa protein and starch (dominance of V‐type). Overall, extrusion processing only reduced the content of most of the essential amino acids to a minor extent; the content of valine and methionine was reduced to a slightly greater extent, but the final products met the requirements of the Food and Drug Organization.CONCLUSIONThis study presents innovative examples on how extrusion processing and post‐processing heat treatment can be used to produce attractive future food alternatives, such as breakfast cereal flakes and porridge powder, from quinoa grains. Extrusion of quinoa flour into Peruvian foods was shown to be mostly impacted by the processing temperature and processing conditions used. Protein crosslinking increased due to extrusion and post‐processing heating. Starch crystallinity decreased most when the product was dried after processing. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Impact of the film‐forming dispersion pH on the properties of yeast biomass films
Authors: Delgado Juan F , Salvay Andrés G , de la Osa Orlando , Wagner Jorge R , Peltzer Mercedes A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDYeast biomass, mainly composed of proteins and polysaccharides (mannans and β‐glucans), has been proposed to develop films. pH can affect the solubility of polysaccharides, the structure of the cell wall, and the interactions between proteins. Considering the potential impact of these effects, the pH of yeast film‐forming dispersions was studied from 4 to 11.RESULTSIn tensile tests, samples increased their elongation by increasing pH, from 7 ± 2% (pH 4) to 29 ± 5% (pH 11), but Young's modulus was not significantly modified. Regarding thermal degradation, the maximum degradation rate temperature was shifted 46 °C from pH 4 to 11. Differences in water vapour permeability, colour, opacity, and roughness of films were also found. According to the results of differential protein solubility assay, hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding were promoted at pH 4, but disulfide bonds were benefited at pH 11, in addition to partial β‐glucan dissolution and break‐up of the alkali‐sensitive linkage in molecules from the cell wall.CONCLUSIONThe results lead to the conclusion that film‐functional characteristics were greatly benefited at pH 11 in comparison with the regular pH of dispersion (pH 6). These results could help in understanding and selecting the pH conditions to enhance the desired properties of yeast biomass films. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
The effect of anomalous weather on the seasonal clothing market in New York
Authors: Oh Jungmi , Jo Young‐Heon , Ha Kyung‐Ja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe occurrences of losing the merchandising calendar for seasonal clothes have become more frequent due to anomalous weather changes. In order to develop accurate sales forecasts for clothing retailers, weather changes should be incorporated. The purpose of the study was to find the timing of consumers' seasonal clothing demands and the relationship between the timing of consumers' searches for seasonal clothes and temperature changes. Specifically, drawing upon the United States' seasonal clothing demand from winter jacket Google Trends (GT) and air temperature data from empirical evidence, the study provided a methodology to discover the time lag for seasonal clothing demand timing based on temperature changes. Using the past five years (2014–2019) of GT and temperature data for the US state of New York, abnormal weather due to a significant El Niño year (2015–2016) and a weak La Niña year (2017–2018) was analysed. It suggested that consumers' search activities start when the temperature decreased rapidly continuously for at least six days. Furthermore, a plausible index was employed to determine the timing of peak demand with cumulative sums (CUSUMs). Based on the CUSUMs of air temperature for 18 days, consumers started to search for winter jackets at about 118–128 CUSUMs for a La Niña year, 217–248 CUSUMs for an El Niño year and 281 CUSUMs for a normal year. The results give a guideline to meet consumers' seasonal needs in a timely manner.
Exploring views of orthopaedic surgeons, rheumatologists and general practitioners about osteoarthritis management
Authors: Wallis Jason A. , Barton Christian J. , Brusco Natasha K. , Kemp Joanne L. , Sherwood James , Young Kirby , Jennings Sophie , Trivett Adrian , Ackerman Ilana N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDelivery of recommended treatments for hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) is known to be discordant with guideline recommendations. However, professional views related to OA management across medical and surgical disciplines are not well understood. The aim of this study was to explore the views of medical professionals about management of hip and knee OA.MethodsQualitative study. Semistructured individual interviews were conducted with orthopaedic surgeons, rheumatologists and general practitioners routinely involved in the management of OA. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, member‐checked, coded and thematically analysed.ResultsFifteen medical professionals were interviewed. Three main themes were: (i) recognition of the importance of nonsurgical management of hip and knee OA, focussed on self‐management, exercise‐therapy, weight management and analgesia; (ii) joint replacement being considered the ‘last resort' for end stage disease not responding to nonsurgical management; and (iii) determination of management ‘success' through patient perceptions was more common than the use of validated instruments. Views on management broadly converged across disciplines, except for the role of joint replacement, considered an adjunct in the overall management of OA by rheumatologists and as a definitive cure by orthopaedic surgeons.ConclusionsAligning with current guidelines, medical professionals recognised the importance of nonsurgical management focussed on exercise‐therapy for hip and knee OA, and concurred that joint replacement surgery should be a last resort. A focus on patient education was less prominent, which along with implementation of validated outcome measures in routine medical practice, may require greater health system support.
Predictors, outcome and characteristics of oropharyngeal dysphagia in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy
Authors: Labeit Bendix , Perlova Ksenia , Pawlitzki Marc , Ruck Tobias , Muhle Paul , Claus Inga , Suntrup‐Krueger Sonja , Wiendl Heinz , Dziewas Rainer , Warnecke Tobias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionOropharyngeal dysphagia is a clinical hallmark of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). This study investigated predictors, outcome, and characteristics of oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients with different types of IIM.MethodsFlexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) videos of 71 IIM patients were retrospectively analyzed for bolus spillage, penetration, aspiration, and pharyngeal residue. Based on these findings, dysphagia severity was rated. Regression analyses were performed to investigate demographic and disease‐specific predictors of dysphagia severity and pneumonia as outcome‐relevant complications of dysphagia. A score was developed to rate the quality of the endoscopic white‐out as a surrogate marker for pharyngeal muscle weakness with consecutive residue.ResultsOur analysis revealed no independent predictors of dysphagia severity. Dysphagia severity, however, was an independent predictor for pneumonia, which occurred in 24% of patients. Pharyngeal residue with risk of postdeglutitive aspiration was the most common dysphagia pattern. Attenuation of the endoscopic white‐out was related to residue severity.DiscussionDysphagia in IIM assessed with FEES is associated with relevant complications, such as aspiration pneumonia, and must be considered independently of peripheral muscle weakness and disease duration. Swallowing impairment mainly presents with pharyngeal residue. The quality of the white‐out may serve as a semi‐quantitative surrogate marker for pharyngeal contractility.
Nursing students' experiences of what influences achievement of learning outcomes in a problem‐based learning context: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Svensson Jenny , Axén Anna , Andersson Ewa K. , Hjelm Markus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to describe nursing students' experiences of what facilitate or impede the achievement of learning outcomes in PBL‐based nursing education.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used.MethodsData were collected from individual semi‐structured interviews with 18 undergraduate nursing students in Sweden and were analysed using Burnard's qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe results were organized into three categories: (a) understanding of the required level of knowledge depth (b) tutor's engagement and (c) student base group interactions. These categories represent essential components of PBL that could either facilitate or impede students' achievement of learning outcomes in nursing education. To improve the students' opportunities to achieve the learning outcomes, proper introduction of and a continuous education on PBL as a pedagogical method provided both to students and tutors should be considered important.
Neural correlates of improved inductive reasoning ability in abacus‐trained children: A resting state fMRI study
Authors: Jia Xiuqin , Zhang Yi , Yao Yuzhao , Chen Feiyan , Liang Peipeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAbacus‐based mental calculation (AMC) training may improve mathematics‐related abilities and transfer to other cognitive domains. Thus, it was hypothesized that inductive reasoning abilities can be improved by AMC training given the overlapping cognitive processes and neural correlates between AMC and inductive reasoning. The aim of the current study was to examine the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of this possible adaption by resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI). Sixty‐three children were randomly assigned to either the AMC‐trained or the nontrained group. The AMC‐trained group was required to perform abacus training for 2 hours per week for 5 years whereas the nontrained group was not required to perform any abacus training. Each participant's rs‐fMRI data were collected after abacus training, and regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis was performed to determine the neural activity differences between groups. The participants' posttraining mathematical ability, intelligence quotients, and inductive reasoning ability were recorded and evaluated. The results revealed that AMC‐trained children exhibited a significantly higher mathematical ability and inductive reasoning performance and higher ReHo in the rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (RLPFC) compared to the nontrained group. In particular, the increased ReHo in the RLPFC was found to be positively correlated with improved inductive reasoning performance. Our findings suggest that rs‐fMRI may reflect the modulation of training in task‐related networks.
Mouse strain specificity of DAAO inhibitors‐mediated antinociception
Authors: Liu Hao , Zhou Yu‐Cong , Wang Zi‐Ying , Gong Nian , Lu Jin‐Miao , Apryani eVhy , Han Qiao‐Qiao , Wang Yong‐Xiang , Ou Mei‐Xian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractD‐Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) specifically catalyzes the oxidative deamination of neutral and polar D‐amino acids and finally yields byproducts of hydrogen peroxide. Our previous work demonstrated that the spinal astroglial DAAO/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) pathway was involved in the process of pain and morphine antinociceptive tolerance. This study aimed to report mouse strain specificity of DAAO inhibitors on antinociception and explore its possible mechanism. DAAO inhibitors benzoic acid, CBIO, and SUN significantly inhibited formalin‐induced tonic pain in Balb/c and Swiss mice, but had no antinociceptive effect in C57 mice. In contrast, morphine and gabapentin inhibited formalin‐induced tonic pain by the same degrees among Swiss, Balb/c and C57 mice. Therefore, mouse strain difference in antinociceptive effects was DAAO inhibitors specific. In addition, intrathecal injection of D‐serine greatly increased spinal H2O2 levels by 80.0% and 56.9% in Swiss and Balb/c mice respectively, but reduced spinal H2O2 levels by 29.0% in C57 mice. However, there was no remarkable difference in spinal DAAO activities among Swiss, Balb/c and C57 mice. The spinal expression of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in C57 mice were significantly higher than Swiss and Balb/c mice. Furthermore, the specific GPx inhibitor D‐penicillamine distinctly restored SUN antinociception in C57 mice. Our results reported that DAAO inhibitors produced antinociception in a strain‐dependent manner in mice and the strain specificity might be associated with the difference in spinal GSH and GPx activity.
Nanoengineered CAR‐T Biohybrids for Solid Tumor Immunotherapy with Microenvironment Photothermal‐Remodeling Strategy
Authors: Chen Ze , Pan Hong , Luo Yingmei , Yin Ting , Zhang Baozhen , Liao Jianhong , Wang Mengmeng , Tang Xiaofan , Huang Guojun , Deng Guanjun , Zheng Mingbin , Cai Lintao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR‐T) therapy has shown remarkable clinical success in eradicating hematologic malignancies. However, hostile microenvironment in solid tumors severely prevents CAR‐T cells migrating, infiltrating, and killing. Herein, a nanoengineered CAR‐T strategy is reported for enhancing solid tumor therapy through bioorthogonal conjugation with a nano‐photosensitizer (indocyanine green nanoparticles, INPs) as a microenvironment modulator. INPs engineered CAR‐T biohybrids (CT‐INPs) not only retain the original activities and functions of CAR‐T cells, but it is further armed with fluorescent tracing and microenvironment remodeling abilities. Irradiated with laser, CT‐INPs demonstrate that mild photothermal intervention destroys the extracellular matrix, expanded blood vessels, loosened compact tissue, and stimulated chemokine secretion without damping CAR‐T cell activities. Those regulations induce an immune‐favorable tumor microenvironment for recruitment and infiltration of CT‐INPs. CT‐INPs triggered photothermal effects collapse the physical and immunological barriers of solid tumor, and robustly boosted CAR‐T immunotherapy. Therefore, CAR‐T biohybrids provide reliable treatment strategy for solid tumor immunotherapy via microenvironment reconstruction.
Investigation of different permeability properties of self‐healing cementitious composites under colloidal nano silica curing conditions
Authors: Akın Arife 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, the self‐healing behavior of engineered cemetitious composites (ECC) containing different types and quantities of fly ash (FA) under colloidal nano silica (CNS) curing conditions was investigated through the examination of their different permeability properties. FA in two different characters, Class F and Class C, were used in the preparation of the mixtures in high volumes (FA/portland cement = 1.2 and 2.2). Self‐healing capacities developed under CNS curing conditions were evaluated by changes in different permeability properties such as rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) and electrical impedance measurement methods. In addition to these, the self‐healing effects of the cracked composites were supported by microstructure analysis with the help of SEM–EDX and XRD tests on the sections taken from the crack interface of the sample. The results have showed that the CNS curing condition helps improve the permeability properties of composites by quickly and effectively covering their micro pores and cracks. In addition, the results of the experiment have revealed the effects of the use of different types and quantities of FA on the self‐healing behavior of the ECC material. Finally, correlation analysis of ECC samples was applied according to the results obtained from EI and RCPT test methods and it was revealed that there was a negative significant relationship between test methods.
Experiment investigation and seismic performance evaluation of hybrid isolation bearing with uncoupled compression and shear mechanism
Authors: Xu Hao , He Wenfu , Liu Wenguang , Ye Kun , Ren Chong 
Published: March 2021

SummaryLead rubber bearings (LRBs) are widely used in the seismic isolated structures. However, the lateral and vertical stiffness of rubber bearing would degrade under high pressure and larger shear strain, which has influence on the structural safety under great earthquakes. This paper proposes a novel hybrid isolation bearing (HIB) with uncoupled compression and shear mechanism. The HIB consists of sliding bearing and rubber springs, carrying superstructural weight and providing lateral stiffness, respectively. The configuration and mechanical model of the HIB are introduced, and an experiment investigation on two sizes of HIB was completed. Through the model test, the deformation mechanism and the mechanical model were verified. A numerical simulation of a frame–shear wall structure was performed, and the variation of structural responses is illustrated. Compared with conventional LRB isolated structure, the HIB isolated structural has similar response variations under earthquakes from frequent to rare levels. Under extremely rare earthquakes, the HIB has more stable mechanical behavior.
Spin Matrix theory string backgrounds and Penrose limits of AdS/CFT
Authors: Harmark Troels , Hartong Jelle , Obers Niels A. , Oling Gerben 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Spin Matrix theory (SMT) limits provide a way to capture the dynamics of the AdS/CFT correspondence near BPS bounds. On the string theory side, these limits result in non-relativistic sigma models that can be interpreted as novel non-relativistic strings. This SMT string theory couples to non-relativistic U(1)-Galilean background geometries. In this paper, we explore the relation between pp-wave backgrounds obtained from Penrose limits of AdS5 × S5, and a new type of U(1)-Galilean backgrounds that we call flat-fluxed (FF) backgrounds. These FF backgrounds are the simplest possible SMT string backgrounds and correspond to free magnons from the spin chain perspective. We provide a catalogue of the U(1)-Galilean backgrounds one obtains from SMT limits of string theory on AdS5 × S5 and subsequently study large charge limits of these geometries from which the FF backgrounds emerge. We show that these limits are analogous to Penrose limits of AdS5 × S5 and demonstrate that the large charge/Penrose limits commute with the SMT limits. Finally, we point out that U(1)-Galilean backgrounds prescribe a symplectic manifold for the transverse SMT string embedding fields. This is illustrated with a Hamiltonian derivation for the SMT limit of a particle.
Displacement memory effect near the horizon of black holes
Authors: Bhattacharjee Srijit , Kumar Shailesh , Bhattacharyya Arpan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study the displacement memory effect and its connection with the extended-BMS symmetries near the horizon of black holes. We show there is a permanent shift in the geodesic deviation vector relating two nearby timelike geodesics placed close to the horizon of black holes, upon the passage of gravitational waves. We also relate this memory effect with the asymptotic symmetries near the horizon of asymptotic black hole spacetimes. The shift of the relative position of the detectors is shown to be induced by a combination of BMS generators near the horizon. The displacement memory effect near the horizon possesses similarities to the same obtained in the far region.
Emergence of Rigid Polycrystals from Atomistic Systems with Heitmann–Radin Sticky Disk Energy
Authors: Friedrich Manuel , Kreutz Leonard , Schmidt Bernd 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigate the emergence of rigid polycrystalline structures from atomistic particle systems. The atomic interaction is governed by a suitably normalized pair interaction energy, where the ‘sticky disk’ interaction potential models the atoms as hard spheres that interact when they are tangential. The discrete energy is frame invariant and no underlying reference lattice on the atomistic configurations is assumed. By means of$$\Gamma $$Γ-convergence, we characterize the asymptotic behavior of configurations with finite surface energy scaling in the infinite particle limit. The effective continuum theory is described in terms of a piecewise constant field delineating the local orientation and micro-translation of the configuration. The limiting energy is local and concentrated on the grain boundaries, that is, on the boundaries of the zones where the underlying microscopic configuration has constant parameters. The corresponding surface energy density depends on the relative orientation of the two grains, their microscopic translation misfit, and the normal to the interface. We further provide a fine analysis of the surface energies at grain boundaries both for vacuum–solid and solid–solid phase transitions. The latter relies fundamentally on a structure result for grain boundaries showing that, due to the extremely brittle setup, interpolating boundary layers near cracks are energetically not favorable.