bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Land Use Change on Soil Carbon Stock and Selected Soil Properties in Gobu Sayyo, Western Ethiopia
Authors: welemariam mengistu , Wako Deginet , Kitila Getahun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Land-use change is one of the major factors affecting soil degradation. The pressures of the human population on land resources have increased land-use change with more negative effects on soil carbon storage and soil properties. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of land-use changes on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and selected soil physicochemical properties in Gobu Sayyo, Western Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected from three adjacent land uses i.e., forest land, grazing land, and cultivated lands at 0-20cm and 20cm-40cm soil depths. A total of 36 composite soil samples were collected and the major soil properties and SOC storage of the area were analyzed and computed based on their standard procedures.Results: Soil organic carbon stock was significantly (p<0.05) higher (43.09-81.86 tone ha-1) in forest land and was significantly lower (38.08-43.09 tone ha-1) in cultivated land at the of depth of 0-20cm. SOC stock decreased with dept in all land uses. Changes in land use and soil depth affected the physical and chemical properties of soil. The physical soil property such as bulk density (BD) was higher (1.62 gcm-3) in the cultivated land whereas, the lowest (1.08 gcm-3) was recorded in the forest at 0-20cm depth. Comparatively the moisture content was higher (25.89%) under forest land at the depth of 20-40cm and was lower (11.22%) under cultivated lands. The chemical soil properties like exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ were higher in forest lands. Organic carbon, avP, TN, ex.Ca2+, ex.Mg2+, ex.K+, and CEC were lower under cultivated lands. pH increased with depth and was higher under forest land and lower under cultivated land. Soils of the study area are in general acidic to slightly acid with pH value ranging from 4-6-6.02. The pH, SOC, TN, av. Phosphorus and CEC were higher under forest land as compared to cultivated and grazing lands. Conclusion: It can be concluded that soil organic carbon stocks, the physical and chemical properties were affected by land-use change and depth. Therefore, reducing the intensity of cultivation, adopting integrated soil fertility management, and maintaining forest land must be practiced to save the soil of the area from degradation.
Phase II, Non-Randomized Study of Chemo-Chemoradio-Chemo Sequential Therapy Compared With Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy In Magnetic Resonance Imaging Defined, Locally Mid/Low Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Liu Yanlong , Xia Tianyi , Han Peng , Zhang Bomiao , Song Chengxin , Gu Xinyue , Xue Weinan , Wang Yangyang , Cui Binbin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveThe conventional preoperative CRT provides local tumor control in most LARC patients. However, long-term survival has not obviously improved. Thus, the optimal neoadjuvant treatment is still controversial. Sandwich therapy may be associated with better efficacy.Methods The present study is a single-center, open-label, phase II, non-randomized trial (Clinical trials number: NCT02022852). Pathological diagnosis of eligible patients were as rectal adenocarcinoma and they were clinically confirmed by MRI as cT3-4NxM0, with distal border located＜10cm from anal verge. Hundred and seventy-two patients between July 2013 and July 2015 were enrolled for the trial. The enrolled patients were non-randomly assigned into two treatment types (arm A and arm B). Patients in arm A received capecitabine-based concurrent CRT 25 fractions. In contrast, arm B patients received sequential therapy as induction CapeOx for two cycles, followed by 25 fractions CRT, finally adding one consolidation CapeOx cycle. After preoperative treatment, TME with different adjuvant therapy types were performed in patients.ResultsWith treatment processing, 48 patients were excluded from the trial due to personal reasons and intolerance to treatment toxicities. Finally, there were 61 patients in arm A and 63 patients in arm B (70.9% vs. 73.2%). The 5-years DFS and OS didn’t show significant difference in two arms. However, the postoperative complications of arms A and B were 4.9% and 17.5% (P=0.027).ConclusionsSandwich therapy may lead more postoperative complications than conventional CRT, so that the safety should further research. Compared with conventional CRT, sandwich therapy doesn’t show significant advantage in survival.
Analysis of CircRNA Expression Profile of Pathological Bone Formation in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Wu Juan , Chen Hui , Xie Deng-Hui , Zhang Hai-Yan , Zhao Chang , Zou Yu-cong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: To screen and analyze the function of specific circular RNA involved of pathological bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis. Methods: From September 2019 to October 2020, Ossification capsule of 3 patients with ankylosing spondylitis developed hip joint fusion and capsule of 3 patients with femoral neck fracture were enrolled as the experimental group and the control group, respectively. The circular RNA expressions of hip capsule were analyzed by arraystar circRNA chip, bioinformatics analyses including the circRNA/miRNA/mRNA interaction network, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis.Results: The results showed that there totally were 25 up-regulated and 39 down-regulated differential circRNAs, among these circRNAs,we screened most up-regulated 10 circRNAs and most down-regulated 13 circRNAs in ankylosing spondylitis (FC≥2,P＜0.05). Further analysis demonstrated that two signal ways were most involved and correslated with the different circRNAs-“Focal Adhesion signal pathway” and “Rap1 signal pathway” Conclusion: The circular RNAs involved of pathological bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis were significantly different from that of the control group. These differentially expressed circular RNAs may be closely related to the occurrence and development of pathological bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis. Key words: CircRNA, Ankylosing spondylitis, Gene chip, Pathological bone formation
Injectisome T3SS Subunits As Potential Chaperones In The Extracellular Export of Pectobacterium Carotovorum Subsp. Carotovorum Bacteriocins Carocin S1 And Carocin S3 Secreted Via Flagellar T3SS
Authors: Chen Hang-Cheng , Derilo Reymund C. , Chen Han-Ling , Li Tzu-Rung , Lagitnay Ruchi Briam James S. , Chan Yung-Chieh , Chuang Yutin , Chuang Duen-Yau 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) causes soft-rot disease in a wide variety of plants resulting in economic losses worldwide. It produces various types of bacteriocin to compete against related plant pathogens. Studies on how bacteriocins are extracellularly secreted are conducted to understand the mechanism of interbacterial competition. In this study, the secretion of the low-molecular-weight bacteriocins (LMWB) Carocin S1 and Carocin S3 produced by a multiple-bacteriocin producing strain of Pcc, 89-H-4, was investigated. Tn5 insertional mutagenesis was used to generate a mutant, TH22-6, incapable of LMWBs secretion. Sequence and homology analyses of the gene disrupted by transposon Tn5 insertion revealed that the gene sctT, an essential component of the injectisome type III secretion machinery (T3aSS), is required for the secretion of the bacteriocins. This result raised a question regarding the nature of the secretion mechanism of Pcc bacteriocins which was previously discovered to be secreted via T3bSS, a system that utilizes the bacterial flagellum for extracellular secretions. Our previous report has shown that bacteriocin Carocin S1 cannot be secreted by mutants that are defective of T3bSS-related genes such as flhA, flhC, flhD and fliC. We knocked out several genes making up the significant structural components of both T3aSS and T3bSS. The findings led us to hypothesize the potential roles of the T3aSS-related proteins, SctT, SctU and SctV, as flagellar T3SS chaperones in the secretion of Pcc bacteriocins. This current discovery and the findings of our previous study helped us to conceptualize a unique Type III secretion system for bacteriocin extracellular export which is a hybrid of the injectisome and flagellar secretion systems.
Clinical Outcomes and Ultrasonic Evaluation of Percutaneous Achilles Tendon Repair
Authors: Liu Ben-Mao , Chen Hung-Chou , Liaw Chen-Kun , Chen Chia-Hsien , Chen Chih-Hwa , Tsuang Yang-Hwei , Weng Pei-Wei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAchilles tendon rupture remains one of the most common tendon injuries in adult population. At present, randomized studies have failed to demonstrate the optimal management of Achilles tendon rupture. Wound complications have been significantly minimized since the emergence of percutaneous repairs when compared to traditional open methods. However, some studies suggested a higher incidence of rerupture rates and iatrogenic sural nerve injuries. The goal of this study was to present the clinical outcomes and ultrasonic evaluation of percutaneous Achilles tendon repair.MethodsBetween August 2015 and May 2018, 36 patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture, treated in percutaneous repair, were studied retrospectively. American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and the 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain questionnaires were sent to assess the clinical and functional outcomes. Ultrasonic evaluation was recorded using Möller grading system as an objective measurement.ResultsThe 25 male and 11 female (mean age 47.03 years) were clinically followed-up for a minimum of 12 months (average 28.97 months). No wound complications or reruptures occurred. Four(11.1%) patients reported sural nerve hypoesthesia and one of them required additional treatment. The mean AOFAS and VAS score was 92.6 and 1.8 respectively at the 12th postoperative month. Ultrasonic evaluation was performed at the average follow-up of 18.3 months and the mean points were 1.8. All treated tendons were healthily recovered and all patients were able to return to previous work or activities.ConclusionPercutaneous Achilles tendon repair offers good clinical outcome and no apparent increased risk of reruptures. The risk of iatrogenic sural nerve injury, however, remains the most occurred complication. Ultrasound can be used to visualize and examine the repaired tendon, which demonstrated satisfying healing process.
Research of Ergonomic Comprehensive Evaluation For Suit Production Operation Based On Hybrid Method With IAHP And Gray Entropy
Authors: Du Laihong , Chen Hua , Fang Yadong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To solve the problem of ergonomic evaluation of suit production system, a Hybrid method with IAHP and gray entropy theory is proposed. Firstly, literature review about ergonomics evaluation tools and technology is introduced. Furthermore, the ergonomic evaluation index system of suit operation is established according to production practice. Besides, comprehensive evaluation model process with gray entropy and IAHP is introduced. Finally, detailed evaluation process of suit sewing, ironing and clipping operation is introduced by an example, and the results show that the evaluation method in the paper is helpful to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the operation system improvement demonstration.
SET Improved Oocyte Maturation by PP2A and Inhibited Oocyte Apoptosis in Mouse Oocytes
Authors: Gao Lingling , Wang Siying , Xu Jianbo , Lu Dan , Cui Yugui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: SET is a multifunctional protein involved in a variety of molecular processes such as transcription control, chromatin remodeling, cell apoptosis, and cell-cycle regulation. In ovaries SET is predominantly expressed in theca cells and oocytes. And in PCOS patients the expression of SET was increased than normal people. The current study was designed to determine whether SET play a role in oocyte maturation and apoptosis, which may provide clues for the underlying pathological mechanism of follicular development in PCOS patients.Methods: Oocytes at GV stage were collected from 6-week-old female ICR mice. 20-25 oocytes per group were placed in M16 medium. Then these oocytes were randomly divided into control group or treatment group for further study. Normal distribution was assessed by the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the student t test was used to compare the mRNA and protein levels. Chi-square analysis was used to compare the ratios of oocytes.Results: SET overexpression improved oocyte maturation whereas SET knockdown inhibited oocyte maturation. Moreover, SET negatively regulated PP2A activity in oocytes. Treatment with PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid (OA) promoted oocyte maturation. Furthermore, PP2A knockdown confirmed the key role of PP2A in oocyte maturation, and OA was able to block the AdH1-SiRNA/SET-mediated inhibition on oocyte maturation. The central role of PP2A in SET-mediated regulation of oocyte maturation was confirmed by the finding that SET increased the expression of BMP15 and GDF9 and PP2A inhibited their expression. Besides, SET inhibited oocyte apoptosis through decreased the expression of caspase 3 and caspases 8, while PP2A had no effect on oocyte apoptosis. Conclusions: SET promoted oocyte maturation by inhibiting PP2A activity and inhibited oocyte apoptosis in mouse in-vitro cultured oocytes, which may provide a pathologic pathway leading to oocyte development disorder in PCOS.
Ferrostatin-1 Attenuates Mechanical Hypersensitivity in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes by Inhibiting Spinal Ferroptosis
Authors: Li Xiang , Deng Yifan , Xiang Ping , Du Jingyi , Liang Jianfen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a highly prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) without effective treatments. The present study aimed to explore the effects of ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) on mechanical hypersensitivity and spinal ferroptosis in rats with DM induced with streptozotocin (STZ). One week after STZ injection, the DM rats intraperitoneally received Fer-1 (2 μmol/kg) or a vehicle (1% DMSO) once daily for consecutive two weeks. The paw mechanical withdrawal thresholds (PMWT) were assessed weekly to investigate the nociceptive threshold. Biochemical and morphological alterations associated with spinal ferroptosis, including iron content, lipid peroxidation assays, the activities of anti-acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and mitochondrial morphology, were also evaluated. Decreased PMWT and significant changes in ferroptosis-associated markers, such as iron overload, lipid peroxidation, increased expression levels of ACSL4 and decreased expression levels of GPX4, and disrupted morphological features in mitochondria were found in rats with STZ-induced DM. These effects were significantly attenuated via intraperitoneal administration of the ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1. Our findings indicated the involvement of iron-dependent ferroptosis in the spinal cords of rats with STZ-induced DM, and highlighted the effect of continuous administration of ferroptosis inhibitors such as Fer-1 on hypersensitivity in DM rats. These results suggest that inhibition of ferroptosis might be a potential therapeutic strategy in DNP treatment.
Body Mass Index Is Related to the Recovery After Intra-articular Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide for the Treatment of Frozen Shoulder: Case Series Study
Authors: Kim Yang-Soo , Kim Bo-Seoung , Lee Hyo-Jin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients with frozen shoulder tend to respond differently to the intra-articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical effect of glenohumeral injection with triamcinolone acetonide for frozen shoulder and determine the factors related to extent of range of motion (ROM) recovery.Methods: A cohort of patients who underwent intra-articular glenohumeral injection of triamcinolone acetonide under diagnosis of primary frozen shoulder was reviewed. The primary outcome variable of interest was the range of changes in each aspect of ROM at six weeks after injection. The relationship between improvement and unresponsiveness to intra-articular injection for the treatment of frozen shoulder with various factors were evaluated. The analyzed factors were as follows: age, sex, body mass index (BMI), initial ROM before injection, symptom duration, hand dominance, smoking history, and the existence of underlying disease including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary disase, thyroid disease and hypercholesterolemia.Results: A total of 305 patients were reviewed. There were significant improvements in all aspects of ROM at six weeks after injection. The forward flexion (ρ=-0.346, p<0.001) and external rotation (ρ=-0.204, p=0.040) showed a negative correlation with BMI. Multivariate analysis revealed that BMI is the sole factor related to recovery of forward flexion (p=0.032) and external rotation (p=0.007) at six weeks post-injection. Conclusion: Intra-articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide is an effective method for improving ROM in patients with frozen shoulder. Increased BMI showed adverse effects on ROM recovery.
Immune Alveolitis in Interstitial Lung Disease: an Attractive Cytological Profile in Immunocompromised Patients.
Authors: Moui Antoine , Dirou Stéphanie , Sagan Christine , Liberge Renan , Defrance Claire , Arrigoni Pierre-Paul , Morla Olivier , Kandel-Aznar Christine , Cellerin Laurent , Cavailles Arnaud , Eschapasse Emmanuel , Morio Florent , Gourraud Pierre-Antoine , Goronflot Thomas , Tissot Adrien , Blanc François-Xavier 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a major diagnostic tool in interstitial lung disease (ILD). Its use remains largely quantitative, usually focused on cell differential ratio. However, cellular morphological features provide additional valuable information. The significance of the "immune alveolitis" cytological profile, characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis with activated lymphocytes and macrophages in epithelioid transformation or foamy macrophages desquamating in cohesive clusters with lymphocytes, remains unknown in ILD. Our objective was to describe patients’ characteristics and diagnoses associated with an immune alveolitis profile in undiagnosed ILD.Methods: We performed a monocentric retrospective observational study. Eligible patients were adults undergoing diagnostic exploration for ILD and whose BAL fluid displayed an immune alveolitis profile. For each patient, we collected clinical, radiological and biological findings as well as the final etiology of ILD. Results: Between January 2012 and December 2018, 249 patients were included. Mean age was 57±16 years, 140 patients (56%) were men, and 65% of patients were immunocompromised. The main etiological diagnosis was Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) (24%), followed by drug-induced lung disease (DILD) (20%), viral pneumonia (14%) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) (10%). All PCP were diagnosed in immunocompromised patients while HP was found in only 8% of this subgroup. DILD and viral pneumonia were also commonly diagnosed in immunocompromised patients (94% and 80%, respectively).Conclusions: Our study highlights the additional value of BAL qualitative description in ILD. We suggest incorporating the immune alveolitis profile for the diagnosis and management of ILD, especially in immunocompromised patients, since it guides towards specific diagnoses.
Universal Health Coverage and The Pacific Islands: Challenges Faced and Priority Responses, 2015-2020
Authors: Craig Adam T , Beek Kristen , Gilbert Katherine , Suakai Taniela Sunia , Liaw Siaw-Teng , Hall John 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
In 1995, Pacific Health Ministers articulated their vision of a healthy Pacific as ‘a place where children are nurtured in body and mind; environments invite learning and leisure; people work and age with dignity; where ecological balance is a source of pride; and where the ocean is protected.’ Central to this vision is the achievement of universal health coverage (UHC).
Method:
To shed light on the current UHC-related priorities of Pacific health authorities and promote alignment of domestic and international investments in health sector development, we thematically analyzed the discussion, resolutions, and recommendations from 5-years (2015–2020) of senior-level Pacific health meetings.
Results
Five main themes emerged, (i) the Healthy Islands vision has (and continues to have) a unifying influence on action for UHC; (ii) adoption of appropriate service delivery models that support integrated primary health care at the community level are needed; (iii) human resources for health are critical if efforts to achieve UHC are to be successful; (iv) access to reliable health information is core to health sector improvement; and (v) while not a panacea for all challenges, digital health offers many opportunities. Small and isolated populations, chronic workforce limitations, weak governance arrangements, aging and inadequate health facilities, and supply chain and logistics difficulties (among other issues) interact to challenge primary health care delivery across the Pacific islands.
Conclusion
We found evidence that the Healthy Islands vision is a tool that garners support for UHC; however, to realize the vision, a realistic understanding of needed political, human resource, and economic investments is required. The significant disruptive effect of COVID-19 and the uncertainty it brings for implementation of the medium- to long-term health development agenda raises concern that progress may stagnate or retreat.
Acylsugars Protect Nicotiana Benthamiana Against Insect Herbivory and Desiccation
Authors: Feng Honglin , Acosta-Gamboa Lucia , Kruse Lars H , Tracy Jake D , Chung Seung Ho , Fereira Alba Ruth Nava , Shakir Sara , Xu Hongxing , Sunter Garry , Gore Michael A , Casteel Clare L , Moghe Gaurav D. , Jander Georg 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nicotiana benthamiana is used extensively as a transient expression platform for functional analysis of genes from other species. Acylsugars, which are produced in the trichomes, are a hypothesized cause of the relatively high insect resistance that is observed in N. benthamiana. We characterized the N. benthamiana acylsugar profile, bioinformatically identified two acylsugar acyltransferase genes, ASAT1 and ASAT2, and used CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis to produce acylsugar-deficient plants for investigation of insect resistance and foliar water loss. Whereas asat1 mutations reduced accumulation, asat2 mutations causedalmost complete depletion of foliar acylsucroses. Three hemipteran and three lepidopteran herbivores survived, gained weight, and/or reproduced significantly better on asat2 mutants than on wildtype N. benthamiana . Both asat1 and asat2 mutations reduced the water content and increased leaf temperature. Our results demonstrate the specific function of two ASAT proteins in N. benthamiana acylsugar biosynthesis, insect resistance, and desiccation tolerance. The improved growth of aphids and whiteflies on asat2 mutants will facilitate the use of N. benthamiana as a transient expression platform for the functional analysis of insect effectors and resistance genes from other plant species. Similarly, the absence of acylsugars in asat2 mutants will enable analysis of acylsugar biosynthesis genes from other Solanaceae by transient expression.