bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphogenetic and physiological effects of LED spectra on the apical buds of Ficus carica var. Black Jack
Authors: Parab Ankita Rajendra , Han Kho Ying , Chew Bee Lynn , Subramaniam Sreeramanan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe use of artificial light sources such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has become a prerequisite in tissue culture studies to obtain morphogenetic enhancements on in vitro plants. This technology is essential for developmental enhancements in the growing plant cultures due to its light quality and intensity greatly influencing the in vitro growing explants at a cellular level. The current study investigates the effects of different light-emitting diode (LED) spectra on the growth of apical buds of Ficus carica var. Black Jack. Ficus carica, commonly known as figs is rich in vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals capable of treating microbial infections and gastric, inflammatory, and cardiac disorders. Apical buds of Ficus carica var. Black Jack, presented morphogenetic changes when grown under six different LED spectra. The highest multiple shoots (1.80 per growing explant) and healthy growing cultures were observed under the blue + red LED spectrum. Wound-induced callus formation was observed on apical buds grown under green LED spectrum and discolouration of the growing shoots were observed on the cultures grown under far-red LED spectrum. Multiple shoots obtained from the blue + red LED treatment were rooted using 8 µM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and the rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatised. Compared with the other monochromatic LEDs, blue + red proved to be significantly better for producing excellent plant morphogeny. It is apparent that blue and red LED is the most suitable spectra for the healthy development of plants. The findings have confirmed that the combination of blue + red LED can potentially be used for enhancing growth yields of medicinally and commercially important plants.
Disturbance and distribution gradients influence resource availability and feeding behaviours in corallivore fishes following a warm-water anomaly
Authors: MacDonald Chancey , Pinheiro Hudson T. , Shepherd Bart , Phelps Tyler A. Y. , Rocha Luiz A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding interactions between spatial gradients in disturbances, species distributions and species’ resilience mechanisms is critical to identifying processes that mediate environmental change. On coral reefs, a global expansion of coral bleaching is likely to drive spatiotemporal pulses in resource quality for obligate coral associates. Using technical diving and statistical modelling we evaluated how depth gradients in coral distribution, coral bleaching, and competitor density interact with the quality, preference and use of coral resources by corallivore fishes immediately following a warm-water anomaly. Bleaching responses varied among coral genera and depths but attenuated substantially between 3 and 47 m for key prey genera (Acropora and Pocillopora). While total coral cover declined with depth, the cover of pigmented corals increased slightly. The abundances of three focal obligate-corallivore butterflyfish species also decreased with depth and were not related to spatial patterns in coral bleaching. Overall, all species selectively foraged on pigmented corals. However, the most abundant species avoided feeding on bleached corals more successfully in deeper waters, where bleaching prevalence and conspecific densities were lower. These results suggest that, as coral bleaching increases, energy trade-offs related to distributions and resource acquisition will vary with depth for some coral-associated species.
PET imaging of brain aromatase in humans and rhesus monkeys by 11C-labeled cetrozole analogs
Authors: Takahashi Kayo , Hosoya Takamitsu , Onoe Kayo , Mori Tomoko , Tazawa Shusaku , Mawatari Aya , Wada Yasuhiro , Watanabe Yumiko , Doi Hisashi , Watanabe Yasuyoshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAromatase is an estrogen synthetic enzyme that plays important roles in brain functions. To quantify aromatase expression in the brain by positron emission tomography (PET), we had previously developed [11C]cetrozole, which showed high specificity and affinity. To develop more efficient PET tracer(s) for aromatase imaging, we synthesized three analogs of cetrozole. We synthesized meta-cetrozole, nitro-cetrozole, and iso-cetrozole, and prepared the corresponding 11C-labeled tracers. The inhibitory activities of these three analogs toward aromatase were evaluated using marmoset placenta, and PET imaging of brain aromatase was performed using the 11C-labeled tracers in monkeys. The most promising analog in the monkey study, iso-cetrozole, was evaluated in the human PET study. The highest to lowest inhibitory activity of the analogs toward aromatase in the microsomal fraction from marmoset placenta was in the following order: iso-cetrozole, nitro-cetrozole, cetrozole, and meta-cetrozole. This order showed good agreement with the order of the binding potential (BP) of each 11C-labeled analog to aromatase in the rhesus monkey brain. A human PET study using [11C]iso-analog showed a similar distribution pattern of binding as that of [11C]cetrozole. The time–activity curves showed that elimination of [11C]iso-cetrozole from brain tissue was faster than that of 11C-cetrozole, indicating more rapid metabolism of [11C]iso-cetrozole. [11C]Cetrozole has preferable metabolic stability for brain aromatase imaging in humans, although [11C]iso-cetrozole might also be useful to measure aromatase level in living human brain because of its high binding potential.
Migratory chondroprogenitors retain superior intrinsic chondrogenic potential for regenerative cartilage repair as compared to human fibronectin derived chondroprogenitors
Authors: Vinod Elizabeth , Johnson Noel Naveen , Kumar Sanjay , Amirtham Soosai Manickam , James Jithu Varghese , Livingston Abel , Rebekah Grace , Daniel Alfred Job , Ramasamy Boopalan , Sathishkumar Solomon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCell-based therapy for articular hyaline cartilage regeneration predominantly involves the use of mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes. However, the regenerated repair tissue is suboptimal due to the formation of mixed hyaline and fibrocartilage, resulting in inferior long-term functional outcomes. Current preclinical research points towards the potential use of cartilage-derived chondroprogenitors as a viable option for cartilage healing. Fibronectin adhesion assay-derived chondroprogenitors (FAA-CP) and migratory chondroprogenitors (MCP) exhibit features suitable for neocartilage formation but are isolated using distinct protocols. In order to assess superiority between the two cell groups, this study was the first attempt to compare human FAA-CPs with MCPs in normoxic and hypoxic culture conditions, investigating their growth characteristics, surface marker profile and trilineage potency. Their chondrogenic potential was assessed using mRNA expression for markers of chondrogenesis and hypertrophy, glycosaminoglycan content (GAG), and histological staining. MCPs displayed lower levels of hypertrophy markers (RUNX2 and COL1A1), with normoxia-MCP exhibiting significantly higher levels of chondrogenic markers (Aggrecan and COL2A1/COL1A1 ratio), thus showing superior potential towards cartilage repair. Upon chondrogenic induction, normoxia-MCPs also showed significantly higher levels of GAG/DNA with stronger staining. Focused research using MCPs is required as they can be suitable contenders for the generation of hyaline-like repair tissue.
Electro-osmotic flow of biological fluid in divergent channel: drug therapy in compressed capillaries
Authors: Xu Yun-Jie , Nazeer Mubbashar , Hussain Farooq , Khan M. Ijaz , Hameed M. K. , Shah Nehad Ali , Chung Jae Dong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe multi-phase flow of non-Newtonian through a divergent channel is studied in this article. Jeffrey fluid is considered as the base liquid and tiny gold particles for the two-phase suspension. Application of external electric field parallel to complicated capillary with net surface charge density causes the bulk motion of the bi-phase fluid. In addition to, electro-osmotic flow with heat transfer, the simultaneous effects of viscous dissipation and nonlinear thermal radiation have also been incorporated. Finally, cumbersome mathematical manipulation yields a closed-form solution to the nonlinear differential equations. Parametric study reveals that more thermal energy is contributed in response to Brinkman number which significantly assists gold particles to more heat attain high temperature, as the remedy for compressed or swollen capillaries/arteries.
Stability and bifurcation analysis of super- and sub-harmonic responses in a torsional system with piecewise-type nonlinearities
Authors: Yoon Jong-Yun , Kim Byeongil 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe nonlinear dynamic behaviors induced by piecewise-type nonlinearities generally reflect super- and sub-harmonic responses. Various inferences can be drawn from the stability conditions observed in nonlinear dynamic behaviors, especially when they are projected in physical motions. This study aimed to investigate nonlinear dynamic characteristics with respect to variational stability conditions. To this end, the harmonic balance method was first implemented by employing Hill’s method, and the time histories under stable and unstable conditions were examined using a numerical simulation. Second, the super- and sub-harmonic responses were investigated according to frequency upsweeping based on the arc-length continuation method. While the stability conditions vary along the arc length, the bifurcation phenomena also show various characteristics depending on their stable or unstable status. Thus, the study findings indicate that, to determine the various stability conditions along the direction of the arc length, it is fairly reasonable to determine nonlinear dynamic behaviors such as period-doubling, period-doubling cascade, and quasi-periodic (or chaotic) responses. Overall, this study suggests analytical and numerical methods to understand the super- and sub-harmonic responses by comparing the arc length of solutions with the variational stability conditions.
Plasmonic color filter array based visible light spectroscopy
Authors: Shakya Jyotindra R. , Shashi Farzana H. , Wang Alan X. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCompared with traditional Fabry–Perot optical filters, plasmonic color filters could greatly remedy the complexity and reduce the cost of manufacturing. In this paper we present end-to-end demonstration of visible light spectroscopy based on highly selective plasmonic color filter array based on resonant grating structure. The spectra of 6 assorted samples were measured using an array of 20 narrowband color filters and detected signals were used to reconstruct original spectra by using new unmixing algorithm and by solving least squares problem with smoothing regularization. The original spectra were reconstructed with less than 0.137 root mean squared error. This works shows promise towards fully integrating plasmonic color filter array in imagers used in hyperspectral cameras.
New explainability method for BERT-based model in fake news detection
Authors: Szczepański Mateusz , Pawlicki Marek , Kozik Rafał , Choraś Michał 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe ubiquity of social media and their deep integration in the contemporary society has granted new ways to interact, exchange information, form groups, or earn money—all on a scale never seen before. Those possibilities paired with the widespread popularity contribute to the level of impact that social media display. Unfortunately, the benefits brought by them come at a cost. Social Media can be employed by various entities to spread disinformation—so called ‘Fake News’, either to make a profit or influence the behaviour of the society. To reduce the impact and spread of Fake News, a diverse array of countermeasures were devised. These include linguistic-based approaches, which often utilise Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Deep Learning (DL). However, as the latest advancements in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) domain show, the model’s high performance is no longer enough. The explainability of the system’s decision is equally crucial in real-life scenarios. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present a novel explainability approach in BERT-based fake news detectors. This approach does not require extensive changes to the system and can be attached as an extension for operating detectors. For this purposes, two Explainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI) techniques, Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) and Anchors, will be used and evaluated on fake news data, i.e., short pieces of text forming tweets or headlines. This focus of this paper is on the explainability approach for fake news detectors, as the detectors themselves were part of previous works of the authors.
Comfortable and dermatological effects of hot spring bathing provide demonstrative insight into improvement in the rough skin of Capybaras
Authors: Inaka Kengo , Kimura Tohru 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to clarify dermatologically the favorable effects of hot spring bathing on the rough skin in Capybaras. Non-volcanic hot springs used in this study showed alkaline quality of water (pH 9.3), containing sodium and chloride ions. The normal skin in Capybaras was characterized by the presence of relatively thick epidermis with mild alkaline state (pH 8.26). The dorsal skin had melanin granules in the basal layer. Their rough skin affected in the Japanese cold winter was improved by daily bathing in an alkaline hot spring. The skin properties returned to the normal skin conditions (moisture, melanin and erythema values) observed in the summer. The facial expression mainly changes in the eyes was scored to evaluate comfortable status. The comfortable status during hot spring bathing significantly increased as compared with that observed before bathing (p < 0.01). The thermography revealed a heat retention effect of body temperature after hot spring bathing for 30 min. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that hot spring had significantly comfortable and dermatological effects on the basis of evaluation for the skin and body conditions in Capybaras.
Effect of a 3% gelatin solution on urinary KIM-1 levels in patients after thyroidectomy: a preliminary randomized controlled trial
Authors: Leśnik Patrycja , Woźnica-Niesobska Ewa , Janc Jarosław , Mierzchała-Pasierb Magdalena , Łysenko Lidia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOptimal fluid therapy significantly affects the maintenance of proper tissue perfusion and, consequently, kidney function. An adverse effect of colloids on kidney function is related to the incidence of postoperative kidney failure. The study aimed to assess the effect of a 3% gelatin solution on kidney function based on the urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1) level. This study used a parallel design and enrolled 64 adult patients with a mean age of 52.5 ± 13.1 years, all of whom underwent a thyroidectomy procedure under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned to three comparison groups, each receiving a different dose of 3% gelatin solution during the thyroidectomy procedure. The patients from study groups A (n = 21) and B (n = 21) received a 3% gelatin solution at a dose of 30 ml/kg and 15 ml/kg body weight, respectively, during the first hour of the procedure. The patients from the control group C (n = 22) received an isotonic multi-electrolyte solution. Serum creatinine levels were determined, and urine samples were collected to determine levels of uKIM-1 before, 2 h, and 24 h after surgery. The patients’ demographic data, type and volume of fluid and hemodynamic status during the surgery were collected from relevant anesthesia protocols and were included in the study data. There were no statistically significant changes between groups in hemodynamic parameters such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation values. A statistically significant increase in uKIM-1 level was noted in patients receiving the 3% gelatin solution regardless of the dose. A statistically significant difference in uKIM-1 level was observed between groups A, B, and C measured 24 h after surgery, with the highest uKIM-1 level in group A. Measurement of uKIM-1 level could be an early and sensitive biomarker of kidney injury. Kidney toxicity of a 3% gelatin solution, evaluated based on the level of uKIM-1 in urine, correlates with transfused fluid volume. This study was retrospectively registered in the ISRCTN clinical trials registry (ISRCTN73266049, 08/04/2021: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN73266049).
Prediction of hemodynamic tolerance of intermittent hemodialysis in critically ill patients: a cohort study
Authors: da Hora Passos Rogerio , Caldas Juliana Ribeiro , Ramos Joao Gabriel Rosa , dos Santos Galvão de Melo Erica Batista , Silveira Marcelo Augusto Duarte , Batista Paulo Benigno Pena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe evaluation and management of fluid balance are key challenges when caring for critically ill patients requiring renal replacement therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of clinical judgment and other variables to predict the occurrence of hypotension during intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) in critically ill patients. This was a prospective, observational, single-center study involving critically ill patients undergoing IHD. The clinical judgment of hypervolemia was determined by the managing nephrologists and critical care physicians in charge of the patients on the basis of the clinical data used to calculate the ultrafiltration volume and rate for each dialysis treatment. Seventy-nine (31.9%) patients presented with hypotension during IHD. Patients were perceived as being hypervolemic in 109 (43.9%) of the cases by nephrologists and in 107 (43.1%) by intensivists. The agreement between nephrologists and intensivists was weak (kappa = 0.561). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded an AUC of 0.81 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.84; P < 0.0001), and a cutoff value of 70 mm for the vascular pedicle width (VPW) had the highest accuracy for the prediction of the absence of hypotension. The clinical judgment of hypervolemia did not predict hypotension during IHD. The high predictive ability of the VPW may assist clinicians with critical thinking.
Seasonal calibration of the end-cretaceous Chicxulub impact event
Authors: DePalma Robert A. , Oleinik Anton A. , Gurche Loren P. , Burnham David A. , Klingler Jeremy J. , McKinney Curtis J. , Cichocki Frederick P. , Larson Peter L. , Egerton Victoria M. , Wogelius Roy A. , Edwards Nicholas P. , Bergmann Uwe , Manning Phillip L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe end-Cretaceous Chicxulub impact triggered Earth’s last mass-extinction, extinguishing ~ 75% of species diversity and facilitating a global ecological shift to mammal-dominated biomes. Temporal details of the impact event on a fine scale (hour-to-day), important to understanding the early trajectory of mass-extinction, have largely eluded previous studies. This study employs histological and histo-isotopic analyses of fossil fish that were coeval with a unique impact-triggered mass-death assemblage from the Cretaceous-Paleogene (KPg) boundary in North Dakota (USA). Patterns of growth history, including periodicity of ẟ18O and ẟ13C and growth band morphology, plus corroborating data from fish ontogeny and seasonal insect behavior, reveal that the impact occurred during boreal Spring/Summer, shortly after the spawning season for fish and most continental taxa. The severity and taxonomic symmetry of response to global natural hazards are influenced by the season during which they occur, suggesting that post-impact perturbations could have exerted a selective force that was exacerbated by seasonal timing. Data from this study can also provide vital hindsight into patterns of extant biotic response to global-scale hazards that are relevant to both current and future biomes.
Battery-type hollow Prussian blue analogues for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Tian Guofu , Ran Xuan , Wang Qiufan , Zhang Daohong 
Published: December 2021

Hollow CuO/Co3O4 and Fe2O3 nanoframes derived from Co/Fe-based PBAs precursor according to the nanoscale Kirkendall effect have been fabricated. The asymmetric supercapacitor delivers a high electrochemical properties.
Hypoxic preconditioning in renal ischaemia–reperfusion injury: a review in pre-clinical models
Authors: Bruzzese Laurie , Lumet Gwénaël , Vairo Donato , Guiol Claire , Guieu Régis , Faure Alice 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease, which consists of cellular damage and renal dysfunction. AKI is a major complication that is of particular concern after cardiac surgery and to a lesser degree following organ transplantation in the immediate post-transplantation period, leading to delayed graft function. Because effective therapies are still unavailable, several recent studies have explored the potential benefit of hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) on IRI. HPC refers to the acquisition of increased organ tolerance to subsequent ischaemic or severe hypoxic injury, and experimental evidences suggest a potential benefit of HPC. There are three experimental forms of HPC, and, for better clarity, we named them as follows: physical HPC, HPC via treated-cell administration and stabilised hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α HPC, or mimicked HPC. The purpose of this review is to present the latest developments in the literature on HPC in the context of renal IRI in pre-clinical models. The data we compiled suggest that preconditional activation of hypoxia pathways protects against renal IRI, suggesting that HPC could be used in the treatment of renal IRI in transplantation.