bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical distributed generation for industrial power supply
Authors: Golobokov S V , Stepanova K A , Yu Brostilova T , Kornilov G E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Distributed energy generation (DEG) is currently a promising direction in the energy sector. The article outlines the possibilities of using distributed generation for power supply to an industrial enterprise, and highlights the significant advantages of DEG for industry. As a result of the performed studies, calculations of economic indicators and comparison of delivery options for gas piston units of various capacities were carried out. The practicability of using mini-thermal power plants (mini-TPP) in the power supply system of the enterprise has been proved. The balance of active and reactive power of the generating equipment has been fulfilled. The calculation of the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions has been carried out.
Ecohydrological mechanism of phytoplankton distribution in the water body
Authors: Tskhai A A , Yu Ageikov V , Semchukov A N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The object of the study is the ecosystem of the Novosibirsk reservoir, which is the largest in Western Siberia. The work is aimed at studying the mechanism of the water quality formation. In limnology, it is usually believed that relatively small and low-flow parts of reservoirs are more susceptible to eutrophication, where water warms up better and phytoplankton biomass is more abundant. In the central part of the Novosibirsk reservoir, the opposite effect is regularly observed. The novelty of the study is in simulation of ecological processes in different aquatories of the Novosibirsk reservoir based on reproduction of biogeochemical cycles for limiting elements. The paradox of phytoplankton development in this reservoir is explained by the peculiarity of hydrothermal processes, which was shown by modeling.
Cell-assembled extracellular matrix (CAM): a human biopaper for the biofabrication of pre-vascularized tissues able to connect to the host circulation in vivo
Authors: Oliveira H , Médina C , Labrunie G , Dusserre N , Catros S , Magnan L , Handschin C , Stachowicz M L , Fricain J-C , L’Heureux N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
When considering regenerative approaches, the efficient creation of a functional vasculature, that can support the metabolic needs of bioengineered tissues, is essential for their survival after implantation. However, it is widely recognized that the post-implantation microenvironment of the engineered tissues is often hypoxic due to insufficient vascularization, resulting in ischemia injury and necrosis. This is one of the main limitations of current tissue engineering applications aiming at replacing significant tissue volumes. Here, we have explored the use of a new biomaterial, the cell-assembled extracellular matrix (CAM), as a biopaper to biofabricate a vascular system. CAM sheets are a unique, fully biological and fully human material that has already shown stable long-term implantation in humans. We demonstrated, for the first time, the use of this unprocessed human ECM as a microperforated biopaper. Using microvalve dispensing bioprinting, concentrated human endothelial cells (30 millions ml−1) were deposited in a controlled geometry in CAM sheets and cocultured with HSFs. Following multilayer assembly, thick ECM-based constructs fused and supported the survival and maturation of capillary-like structures for up to 26 d of culture. Following 3 weeks of subcutaneous implantation in a mice model, constructs showed limited degradative response and the pre-formed vasculature successfully connected with the host circulatory system to establish active perfusion.This mechanically resilient tissue equivalent has great potential for the creation of more complex implantable tissues, where rapid anastomosis is sine qua non for cell survival and efficient tissue integration.
Prevalence and correlates of parosmia and phantosmia among smell disorders
Authors: Pellegrino Robert , Mainland Joel D , Kelly Christine E , Parker Jane K , Hummel Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Among those many individuals who experience a reduced odor sensitivity (hyposmia/anosmia), some individuals also have disorders that lead to odor distortion, such as parosmia (i.e. distorted odor with a known source), or odor phantoms (i.e. odor sensation without an odor source). We surveyed a large population with at least one olfactory disorder (N = 2031) and found that odor distortions were common (46%), with respondents reporting either parosmia (19%), phantosmia (11%), or both (16%). In comparison to respondents with hyposmia or anosmia, respondents with parosmia were more likely to be female, young, and suffering from post-viral olfactory loss (P &lt; 0.001), while respondents with phantosmia were more likely to be middle-aged (P &lt; 0.01) and experiencing symptoms caused by head trauma (P &lt; 0.01). In addition, parosmia, compared to phantosmia or anosmia/hyposmia, was most prevalent 3 months to a year after olfactory symptom onset (P &lt; 0.001), which coincides with the timeline of physiological recovery. Finally, we observed that the frequency and duration of distortions negatively affects the quality of life, with parosmia showing a higher range of severity than phantosmia (P &lt; 0.001). Previous research often grouped these distortions together, but our results show that they have distinct patterns of demographics, medical history, and loss in quality of life.
Hepatitis E Virus Species C Infection in Humans, Hong Kong
Authors: Sridhar Siddharth , Yip Cyril Chik Yan , Lo Kelvin Hon Yin , Wu Shusheng , Situ Jianwen , Chew Nicholas Foo Siong , Leung Kit Hang , Chan Helen Shuk Ying , Wong Sally Cheuk Ying , Leung Anthony Wai Shing , Tse Cindy Wing Sze , Fung Kitty S C , Tsang Owen Tak Yin , Hon Kam Lun , Cheng Vincent Chi Chung , Ng Ken Ho Leung , Yuen Kwok Yung 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) variants belonging to Orthohepevirus species A (HEV-A) are the primary cause of human hepatitis E. However, we previously reported that Orthohepevirus species C genotype 1 (HEV-C1), a divergent HEV variant commonly found in rats, also causes hepatitis in humans. Here, we present a clinical-epidemiological investigation of human HEV-C1 infections detected in Hong Kong, with an emphasis on outcomes in immunocompromised individuals.

Methods
A surveillance system for detecting human HEV-C1 infections was established in Hong Kong. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HEV-C1 cases identified via this system between 1 August 2019 and 31 December 2020 were retrieved. Phylogenetic analysis of HEV-C1 strain sequences was performed. Infection outcomes of immunocompromised individuals with HEV-A and HEV-C1 infections were analyzed.

Results
HEV-C1 accounted for 8 of 53 (15.1%) reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–confirmed HEV infections in Hong Kong during the study period, raising the total number of HEV-C1 infections detected in the city to 16. Two distinct HEV-C1 strain groups caused human infections. Patients were elderly and/or immunocompromised; half tested negative for HEV immunoglobulin M. Cumulatively, HEV-C1 accounted for 9 of 21 (42.9%) cases of hepatitis E recorded in immunocompromised patients in Hong Kong. Immunocompromised HEV-C1 patients progressed to persistent hepatitis at similar rates (7/9 [77.8%]) as HEV-A patients (10/12 [75%]). HEV-C1 patients responded to oral ribavirin, although response to first course was sometimes poor or delayed.

Conclusions
Dedicated RT-PCR–based surveillance detected human HEV-C1 cases that evade conventional hepatitis E diagnostic testing. Immunosuppressed HEV-C1–infected patients frequently progress to persistent HEV-C1 infection, for which ribavirin is a suitable treatment option.
Postpartum Surgical Complications in Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease After Caesarian Section: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Friedman Sonia , Zegers Floor Dijkstra , Riis Jølving Line , Nielsen Jan , Nørgård Bente Mertz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsOur aim is to determine the 30-day postpartum surgical complications in women with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] who undergo a caesarian section rather than a vaginal delivery.MethodsUsing the Danish national registries, we established a study population of liveborn singleton births from January 1, 1997, through December 2015. We examined all mothers with IBD who had a caesarian section or a vaginal delivery. We examined 30-day maternal postpartum abdominal and perineal surgical outcomes and adjusted for multiple confounders. We examined acute versus elective caesarian sections and the effect of immunosuppressive therapies on outcomes.ResultsIn women with IBD, 2.1% undergoing caesarian section [n = 3255] versus 0.3% undergoing vaginal delivery [n = 6425] had a surgical complication. Women with IBD who had a caesarian section were more likely to have small bowel and colon surgery (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.00–12.51). Similar results were found regardless of acute [aOR 4.51, 95% CI 1.48–13.76] or elective [aOR 6.52, 95% CI 2.45–17.33] caesarian section. The risk of surgery after caesarian section was increased regardless of immunosuppressive use [aOR with immunosuppressives 8.79, 95% CI 2.86–27.05; and aOR without immunosuppressives 4.49, 95% CI 1.74–11.58].ConclusionsThe risk of a surgical complication after caesarian section as compared with a vaginal delivery is increased in women with IBD, regardless of whether the caesarian is performed for acute or elective reasons and/or of immunosuppressive use before delivery. Due to this increased risk, physicians should perform a caesarian delivery as the exception rather than the rule.
Crustose coralline algae display sensitivity to near future global ocean change scenarios
Authors: Britton Damon , Mundy Craig N , Noisette Fanny , McGraw Christina M , Hurd Catriona L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Most research investigating how ocean warming and acidification will impact marine species has focused on visually dominant species, such as kelps and corals, while ignoring visually cryptic species such as crustose coralline algae (CCA). CCA are important keystone species that provide settlement cues for invertebrate larvae and can be highly sensitive to global ocean change. However, few studies have assessed how CCA respond to low emission scenarios or conditions. In a laboratory experiment, we examined the responses of temperate CCA assemblages to combined warming and acidification projected under low, medium, and high emissions. Net calcification and net photosynthesis significantly declined in all emissions scenarios, while significant reductions in relative growth rates and increases in percentage bleaching were observed in the highest emission scenario. The negative responses of CCA to both low and medium emissions suggest that they may be adversely impacted by combined warming and acidification by 2030 if current emissions are sustained. This will have far reaching consequences for commercially important invertebrates that rely on them to induce settlement of larvae. These findings highlight the need to take rapid action to preserve these critical keystone species and the valuable services they provide.
Carcinoma arising within sciatic nerve endometriosis: a case report
Authors: Yahaya Adaiah , Chauhan Govind , Idowu Adeyemi , Sumathi Vaiyapuri , Botchu Rajesh , Evans Scott 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Endometriosis is a common condition with significant morbidity. There have been case reports of endometrial deposits affecting the sciatic nerve. Sciatic nerve endometriosis presents with cyclical sciatica and is often difficult to diagnose as it mimics many other causes of sciatica. We report the first case of histological proven endometrial carcinoma arising in a pre-existing sciatic nerve endometriosis. This was initially managed with radiotherapy however symptoms persisted and she opted to have surgery with the aim of better symptom control and long-term prognosis.
Fungal yield from sterile specimens
Authors: Tan Shu Jin , Gardam Dianne J , Radinger Arron , Le Tam , Nure Mariyam , Boan Peter 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Clinicians may not request fungal culture when it is indicated. For sterile specimens without a specific request for fungal culture, in addition to bacteriology media, we routinely incubated a Sabouraud dextrose agar (SAB) plate for 4 weeks. From 44635 sterile specimens from years 2011 to 2016, 2722 (6.1%) had fungal request. Fungi were identified from 1037 (2.3%) specimens, 292 (0.6%) from specimens with specific fungal request, 574 (1.3%) from bacteriology media, and 171 (0.4%) solely from SAB plate (of 171, 77 were deemed clinically significant and 55 were treated). Relying on request for fungal studies from sterile specimens underdiagnosed fungal infection. Routine fungal culture had a modest incremental yield at a moderately high cost.

Lay Summary
Routine fungal culture of sterile specimens had a modest incremental yield to routine bacteriology culture and specific fungal request at a moderately high financial cost.
Weak lensing mass modeling bias and the impact of miscentring
Authors: Sommer Martin W , Schrabback Tim , Applegate Douglas E , Hilbert Stefan , Ansarinejad Behzad , Floyd Benjamin , Grandis Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Parametric modeling of galaxy cluster density profiles from weak lensing observations leads to a mass bias, whose detailed understanding is critical in deriving accurate mass-observable relations for constraining cosmological models. Drawing from existing methods, we develop a robust framework for calculating this mass bias in one-parameter fits to simulations of dark matter haloes. We show that our approach has the advantage of being independent of the absolute noise level, so that only the number of haloes in a given simulation and the representativeness of the simulated haloes for real clusters limit the accuracy of the bias estimation. While we model the bias as a lognormal distribution and the haloes with a Navarro–Frenk–White profile, our method can be generalized to any bias distribution and parametric model of the radial mass distribution. We find that the lognormal assumption is not strictly valid in the presence of miscentring of haloes. We investigate the use of cluster centres derived from weak lensing in the context of mass bias, and tentatively find that such centroids can yield sensible mass estimates if the convergence peak has a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) approximately greater than 4. In this context we also find that the standard approach to estimating the positional uncertainty of weak lensing mass peaks using bootstrapping severely underestimates the true positional uncertainty for peaks with low SNRs. Though we determine the mass and redshift dependence of the bias distribution for a few experimental setups, our focus remains providing a general approach to computing such distributions.
Dancing in the void: hydrodynamical N-body simulations of the extremely metal-poor galaxy DDO 68
Authors: Pascale R , Annibali F , Tosi M , Marinacci F , Nipoti C , Bellazzini M , Romano D , Sacchi E , Aloisi A , Cignoni M 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Using hydrodynamical N-body simulations, we show that the observed structure and kinematics of the extremely metal-poor dwarf irregular galaxy DDO 68 is compatible with a merger event with at least two smaller satellite galaxies. We were able to obtain a self-consistent model that simultaneously reproduces several of its observed features, including the very asymmetric and disturbed shape of the stellar component, the overall ${\rm H\, \small {\rm I}}$ distribution and its velocity field, the arc-like stellar structure to the west, and the low surface brightness stellar stream to the north. The model implies the interaction of the main progenitor of DDO 68 with two systems with dynamical masses $7\times 10^8\, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$ and almost $10^8\, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$ – 1/20 and 1/150 times the dynamical mass of DDO 68, respectively. We show that the merger between DDO 68 and the most massive of its satellites offers a route to explain the large offset of DDO 68 from the mass–metallicity relation. Assuming that the interacting galaxies have metallicities prior to the merger compatible with those of galaxies with similar stellar masses, we provide quantitative evidence that gas mixing alone does not suffice at diluting the gas of the two components; according to our simulations, the ${\rm H\, \small {\rm II}}$ regions observed along the cometary tail trace the low metallicity of the accreted satellite rather than that of DDO 68’s main body. In this case, the mass corresponding to the low metallicity is that of the secondary body and DDO 68 becomes consistent with the mass–metallicity relation.
A persistent double nuclear structure in 3C 84
Authors: Oh Junghwan , Hodgson Jeffrey A , Trippe Sascha , Krichbaum Thomas P , Kam Minchul , Paraschos Georgios Filippos , Kim Jae-Young , Rani Bindu , Sohn Bong Won , Lee Sang-Sung , Lico Rocco , Liuzzo Elisabetta , Bremer Michael , Zensus Anton 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
3C 84 (NGC 1275) is the radio source at the centre of the Perseus cluster and exhibits a bright radio jet. We observed the source with the Global Millimeter VLBI Array (GMVA) between 2008 and 2015, with a typical angular resolution of ∼50 $\mu$as. The observations revealed a consistent double nuclear structure separated by ∼770 gravitational radii assuming a black hole mass of 3.2 × 108 M⊙. The region is likely too broad and bright to be the true jet base anchored in the accretion disc or black hole ergosphere. A cone and parabola were fit to the stacked (time averaged) image of the nuclear region. The data did not strongly prefer either fit, but combined with a jet/counter-jet ratio analysis, an upper limit on the viewing angle to the inner jet region of ≤35° was found. This provides evidence for a variation of the viewing angle along the jet (and therefore a bent jet) within ∼0.5 pc of the jet launching region. In the case of a conical jet, the apex is located ∼2400 gravitational radii upstream of the bright nuclear region and up to ∼600 gravitational radii upstream in the parabolic case. We found a possible correlation between the brightness temperature and relative position angle of the double nuclear components, which may indicate rotation within the jet.
FOREVER22: galaxy formation in protocluster regions
Authors: Yajima Hidenobu , Abe Makito , Khochfar Sadegh , Nagamine Kentaro , Inoue Akio K , Kodama Tadayuki , Arata Shohei , Dalla Vecchia Claudio , Fukushima Hajime , Hashimoto Takuya , Kashikawa Nobunari , Kubo Mariko , Li Yuexing , Matsuda Yuichi , Mawatari Ken , Ouchi Masami , Umehata Hideki 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We present results from a new cosmological hydrodynamics simulation campaign of protocluster (PC) regions, FOREVER22: FORmation and EVolution of galaxies in Extremely overdense Regions motivated by SSA22. The simulations cover a wide range of cosmological scales using three different zoom set-ups in a parent volume of $(714.2~\rm cMpc)^{3}$: PCR (Proto-Cluster Region; V = (28.6 cMpc)3, SPH particle mass, mSPH = 4.1 × 106 M⊙, and final redshift, zend = 2.0), BCG (Brightest proto-Cluster Galaxy; V ∼ (10 cMpc)3, mSPH = 5.0 × 105 M⊙ and zend = 4.0), and First (V ∼ (3 cMpc)3, mSPH = 7.9 × 103 M⊙ and zend = 9.5) runs, that allow us to focus on different aspects of galaxy formation. In the PCR runs, we follow 10 PCs, each harbouring 1–4 SMBHs with ${\rm M_{\rm BH}}\ge 10^{9}~{\rm M_{\odot }}$. One of the PC cores shows a spatially close arrangement of seven starburst galaxies with ${\rm SFR} \gtrsim 100~{\rm {\rm M_{\odot }}~{\rm yr^{-1}}}$ each, that are dust-obscured and would appear as submillimetre galaxies with flux ≳1 mJy at $1.1~ \rm mm$ in observations. The BCG runs show that the total SFRs of haloes hosting BCGs are affected by AGN feedback, but exceed $1000~{\rm {\rm M_{\odot }}~{\rm yr^{-1}}}$ at z ≲ 6. The First runs resolve mini-haloes hosting population (Pop) III stars and we show that, in PC regions, the dominant stellar population changes from Pop III to Pop II at z ≳ 20, and the first galaxies with ${\rm SFR} \gtrsim 18~{\rm {\rm M_{\odot }}~{\rm yr^{-1}}}$ form at z ∼ 10. These can be prime targets for future observations with the James Webb Space Telescope. Our simulations successfully reproduce the global star formation activities in observed PCs and suggest that PCs can kickstart cosmic reionization.
Genome-Wide Reconstruction of Rediploidization Following Autopolyploidization across One Hundred Million Years of Salmonid Evolution
Authors: Gundappa Manu Kumar , To Thu-Hien , Grønvold Lars , Martin Samuel A M , Lien Sigbjørn , Geist Juergen , Hazlerigg David , Sandve Simen R , Macqueen Daniel J 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe long-term evolutionary impacts of whole-genome duplication (WGD) are strongly influenced by the ensuing rediploidization process. Following autopolyploidization, rediploidization involves a transition from tetraploid to diploid meiotic pairing, allowing duplicated genes (ohnologs) to diverge genetically and functionally. Our understanding of autopolyploid rediploidization has been informed by a WGD event ancestral to salmonid fishes, where large genomic regions are characterized by temporally delayed rediploidization, allowing lineage-specific ohnolog sequence divergence in the major salmonid clades. Here, we investigate the long-term outcomes of autopolyploid rediploidization at genome-wide resolution, exploiting a recent “explosion” of salmonid genome assemblies, including a new genome sequence for the huchen (Hucho hucho). We developed a genome alignment approach to capture duplicated regions across multiple species, allowing us to create 121,864 phylogenetic trees describing genome-wide ohnolog divergence across salmonid evolution. Using molecular clock analysis, we show that 61% of the ancestral salmonid genome experienced an initial “wave” of rediploidization in the late Cretaceous (85–106 Ma). This was followed by a period of relative genomic stasis lasting 17–39 My, where much of the genome remained tetraploid. A second rediploidization wave began in the early Eocene and proceeded alongside species diversification, generating predictable patterns of lineage-specific ohnolog divergence, scaling in complexity with the number of speciation events. Using gene set enrichment, gene expression, and codon-based selection analyses, we provide insights into potential functional outcomes of delayed rediploidization. This study enhances our understanding of delayed autopolyploid rediploidization and has broad implications for future studies of WGD events.