bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degradation of Remazol Black dye from Aqueous Solution by Heterogeneous NH3(MoO3)3/H2O2 System
Authors: Yao Urbain Kouakou , Ollo Kambiré , Urbain Paul Gnonsoro , Sévérin Eroi N’goran , Albert Trokourey 
Published: October 2021

Aims: The pollution of the environment by organic dyes in water is a matter of great concern. Wastewater containing dyes is difficult to treat by conventional wastewater treatment methods such as coagulation, ozonation, biological treatment, etc. This is why the implementation of an effective method by not generating pollutants secondary is necessary.
The objective of this work is to study the degradation of remazol black, an azo dye, by the coupling of hydrogen peroxide - molybdenum oxide nanoparticle. The nanoparticles were synthesized by the aqueous sol-gel method using a reflux assembly.
Study Design: Random design.
Methodology: The nanoparticles were synthesized by the aqueous sol-gel method using a reflux assembly and then characterized by X-ray diffraction and using software origin to determine the particles size by Scherrer's formula. The influence of hydrogen peroxide, molybdenum oxide and hydrogen peroxide / molybdenum oxide coupling, and the degradation kinetics of remazol black were studied. We also studied the influence of the pH of the solution, the mass of molybdenum nanoparticles and the concentration of remazol black on the dye degradation process.
Results: The results showed that the synthesized oxide is ammonium molybdenum trioxide NH3(MoO3)3) with a hexagonal structure and size 22.79 nm. The study of the catalytic effect revealed a degradation rate of 17%, 0.83% and 42% respectively for H2O2, NH3(MoO3)3 and the coupling NH3(MoO3)3/H2O2. The study also showed that the degradation of remazol black by the couple NH3(MoO3)3 /H2O2 is better at pH = 4 and for a mass of nanoparticles of 400 mg. This degradation kinetics are pseudo 1st order. In addition, the degradation rate decreases when the concentration of remazol black increases. The efficiency of the coupling (NH3(MoO3)3 / H2O2 showed at ambient temperature, that it was possible to remove about 60% of the initial color of remazol black from the water in a batch reaction.
Conclusion: The reflux method makes it possible to synthesize molybdenum nanoparticles. The molybdenum oxide hetero-Fenton process is effective in removing remazol black dye from water.
Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Drug Resistance Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study at King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah
Authors: M. D. Abulkalam Sumyia Mehrin , Kadi Mai , A. Gaddoury Mahmoud , Khalid Albishi Wallaa 
Published: October 2021

Background: The association between tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is re-emerging with the epidemic of type II diabetes. Both TB and DM were of the top 10 causes of death.[1] This study explores diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for developing the different antitubercular drug-resistant (DR) patterns among TB patients.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study has been conducted on all TB cases reported to the King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, between January 2012 to January 2021. All culture-confirmed and PCR-positive TB cases were included in this study. Categorical baseline characteristic of TB patient has been compared with DM status by using Fisher's exact and Pearson chi-square test. The univariable and multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between DM and different drug resistance patterns.
Results: Of the total 695 diagnosed TB patients, 92 (13.24%) are resistant to 1st line anti TB drugs. Among 92 DR-TB patients, 36 (39.13%) are diabetic. The percentage of different patterns of DR-TB with DM, in the case of mono DR (12.09%), poly DR (4.19%) MDR (0.547%). As a risk factor, DM has a significant association with DR-TB, mono drug-resistant, and pyrazinamide-resistant TB (P-value <0.05). The MDR and PDR separately do not show any significant association with DM, but for further analysis, it shows a significant association with DM when we combined.
Conclusion: Our study identified diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for developing DR-TB. Better management of DM and TB infection caring programs among DM patients might improve TB control and prevent DR-TB development in KSA.
Design and Construction of a Microcontroller-Based Driver Alcohol Detection System (MDADS)
Authors: Benjamin O. Adegoke , Stephen F. Oladoye 
Published: October 2021

Aims: Vehicle accidents on most highways had caused a lot of losses. Many sustained injuries that marred them and left families helpless. Nigeria highways are not exempted. Drunk-driving increases tendency, severity and causality of crashes. Effects of auto crash damage to lives and properties necessitated the development of the Microcontroller-based Driver Alcohol Detection System (MDADS).
Study Design: The system employed ATMega328p microcontroller (CU) which coordinated operations of 7 units that made the MDADS. The units are: Sensor Unit (SU), Switch (S), Power Unit (PU); LCD Indicating Unit (LIU), Alarm Unit (AU), DC motor (Ignition) Unit (IU) and Liquid Crystal Display Unit (LCDU).
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted for 7 months in the Department of Computer Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Ile-Oluji (FEDPOLEL), Nigeria. It was conducted between October 2020 and July 2021.
Methodology: Once the MDADS is ON, it assesses presence of alcohol in the endogenous alcohol molecules from the driver with the help of the SU. The SU sends signal to CU to control and sends signal to trigger the IU, AU and the LCDU of the MDADS, if the Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) exceeds the stipulated threshold 0.29ml/l. 60s tolerance was given to driver to switch OFF the ignition. If driver refuses to comply by switching OFF the ignition, the CU sends a “SWITCH OFF” signal to the IU, the LCDU displays “Drunk” and the buzzer continuously sounds alarm. The designed system was tested and parameters for evaluation were taken. The parameters among other includes True Acceptance Rate (TAR), False Acceptance Rate (FAR), Unable to Accept Rate (UAR) and Detection Accuracy (DA),
Results: TAR were 0.81, 0.79, and 0.77 for man, alcoholic drinks and herbal mixture respectively. FAR were 0.03, 0.00, and 0.00 for man, alcoholic drinks and herbal mixture, respectively. For human being, Precision (P) and Recall concept (R) were 0.04 and 0.15 respectively while for P and R for others were negligible.
Conclusion: The results reveals that the system can be profitably employed for and improved safety on the highways through precise warning before “switching off” of car engine. A further design should be done to differentiate vividly between drunk drivers and presence of other alcoholic substances such as drugs that contain some alcoholic contents, petrol, methylated spirit and alcoholic drinks.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Three Oral Health Education Interventions in Maintaining Oral Hygiene of Cerebral Palsy Children
Authors: Chandarana Ishita , Kariya Pratik B. , Singh Sweta , Buch Adrija 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Cerebral palsy [CP] is a group of neuromuscular disorders which affects the development of movement and posture, limiting normal functional activity. Thus, it is presumed to establish an early contact with CP children to diagnose oral diseases and to introduce certain preventive home care measures to maintain good oral health. This study was conducted to check the effectiveness of three different oral health education modalities among cerebral palsy patients.
Methodology: A cross-sectional interventional study was conducted among 60 Cerebral Palsy children aged 8 to 15 years from the selected residential schools for neurodevelopmental disabilities of Vadodara. Participants from a particular school were divided randomly into 3 groups based on different oral health education modalities. Group A: These children and their caretaker were given normal verbal instruction on how to brush their teeth by Fone’s technique on a one-to-one basis. Group B: These children and their caretaker were given a tooth brushing demonstration on a tooth model. Group C: These children and their caretaker were shown an audiovisual clip showing how to brush. The oral hygiene practice was reinforced every visit. OHI-S index was recorded on the day of the demonstration, 7 days and 14 days by the principal investigator, and analyzed.
Results: The audio-visual method group showed a marked reduction in the OHI-S score measured from baseline to day 14 when compared to the verbal and model group that is 1.76±0.96 when compared to other two groups that are group A with OHI-S score 2.36±0.96 and GROUP B with OHI-S score 2.51±0.87. The confidence of the interval was -CI=0.044-1.470. The results were the statistically significant result. (p value<0.035)Also, Group C showed a significant reduction in the DI scores as compared to the other two groups.
Conclusion: The audiovisual method with brushing video can be effectively used to maintain the good oral hygiene and gingival health of children with Cerebral Palsy. The audiovisual method helps to overcome their motor difficulties and their limited ability to perform dental plaque control.
Choroidal Tubercles, an Ocular Presentation in Tuberculosis- a Retrospective Observational Hospital-based Study
Authors: Raina Rohit , Chhabra Neha 
Published: October 2021

Aim: To find the prevalence of choroidal tubercles in tuberculosis patients.
Introduction: Tuberculosis is the most common cause of infectious cause of death especially in endemic countries. Tuberculosis infection spreads hematogenously from primary infection site to rest of the body. Ocular presentation manifests in the form of choroidal tubercles being the most common fundus change.
Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective, observational hospital-based study. Total 100 tuberculosis patients were studied and their data were collected from Hospital record system from February 2020 to March 2021. Fundus examinations were reviewed and most common ocular presentation was found to be choroidal tubercles.
Observations and Results: During the study period, out of 100 patients, 60% were females and 40% were males. Fundus changes were present in 14% patients and these were choroidal tubercles in 12% patients and papillitis in 2%. Choroidal tubercles were present in 7 females and 5 males.
Conclusion: We concluded that choroidal tubercles is one of the most common form of ocular tuberculosis. Detection of choroidal inflammation can prevent visual loss as the ocular lesion resolves fully with timely management.
Atomic‐Scale Characterization of Negative Differential Resistance in Ferroelectric Bi2WO6
Authors: Song Chuangye , Mao Huican , Yang Yuben , Liu Xin , Yin Zhiping , Hu Zhenpeng , Wu Kehui , Zhang Jinxing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNegative differential resistance (NDR), a quantum nonlinear electron transport process, has long attracted research interest owing to its intriguing underlying physics and promising applications in high‐speed electronics. Here, the authors report the NDR behavior in (001)‐oriented ferroelectric Bi2WO6 using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The current–voltage characteristics of the diode configuration consisting of an STM tip over the [BiO]+‐[WO4]2−‐[BiO]+ terrace exhibit NDR features. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy combined with density functional theory calculations indicates that the observed NDR results from robust resonant tunneling through confined energy levels within the 2D [WO4]2− layer. The atomically resolved NDR found in such a transition metal oxide offers a unique band structure for novel ferroelectric‐based devices.
Ultrasound‐Augmented Nanocatalytic Ferroptosis Reverses Chemotherapeutic Resistance and Induces Synergistic Tumor Nanotherapy
Authors: Zheng Yi , Li Xin , Dong Caihong , Ding Li , Huang Hui , Zhang Tianhu , Chen Yu , Wu Rong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInducing ferroptosis has been acknowledged as an emerging strategy to kill drug‐resistant tumor cells, but how to efficiently induce ferroptosis at the tumor site and enhance its therapeutic efficacy are still highly challenging. In this work, an ultrasound (US)‐augmented nanocatalytic ferroptosis strategy is implemented by a GA‐Fe(II)‐based liposomal nanosystem, which simultaneously encapsulates doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), for reversing chemotherapeutic resistance and inducing synergistic ferroptosis/apoptosis‐based nanotherapy. GA‐Fe(II), as an iron‐containing Fenton catalyst that catalyzes the persistent conversion of H2O2 to hydroxyl radicals, is utilized to deplete glutathione and deliver excess iron into cells for accumulating lipid peroxidation and inducing ferroptosis in DOX‐resistant MCF‐7/ADR cancer cells. US irradiation is capable of promoting cell phagocytosis of nano‐agents, enhancing Fenton reaction, and controlling drug release at tumor sites to strengthen nanocatalytic therapy. Transcriptomics analysis reveals that the US‐augmented Fenton reaction enables the down‐regulation of PGC‐1α and Bcl‐2 expression, rendering MCF‐7/ADR cells susceptible to DOX‐induced apoptosis. The distinct US‐responsive Fenton reaction collaborating with chemotherapy substantially reverses tumor drug resistance and achieves high tumor‐killing efficacy in MCF‐7/ADR cells and MCF‐7/ADR tumor‐bearing mice, suggesting that such a synergistic ferroptosis/apoptosis‐targeting strategy is instructive to the future design of therapeutic regimens against drug‐resistant tumors.
Vacuum‐Assisted Preparation of High‐Quality Quasi‐2D Perovskite Thin Films for Large‐Area Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Chen Chaoran , Zeng Linxiang , Jiang Zhengyan , Xu Zhenhua , Chen Yijun , Wang Zhen , Chen Shi , Xu Baomin , Mai Yaohua , Guo Fei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent years have witnessed marked progress in the electroluminescence efficiency of perovskite‐based light emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Nevertheless, the majority of highly efficient devices feature only several square millimeters with the perovskite emitting layers deposited by nonscalable methods, which hinders their intriguing application in large‐area lightings and displays. Here, a robust crystallization protocol is devised for the deposition of high‐quality perovskite emitting layers by blade coating. Central to this method is the deployment of a vacuum process to the freshly coated precursor film, thereby achieving controllable crystallization kinetics by decoupling precursor deposition and the subsequent thermal annealing. Accordingly, dense and uniform perovskite thin films with efficient energy funneling among the evenly distributed 2D and 3D phases are obtained. PeLED devices based on the vacuum‐processed quasi‐2D cesium lead tribromide layers achieve high external quantum efficiencies of 8.24% and 6.12% on active areas of 0.12 and 1 cm2, respectively. The scalability of the technology is further demonstrated by fabricating a 3.5 × 3.5 cm2 device with bright and uniform emitting characteristic. This work offers a viable approach for further advancing the performance of large‐area PeLEDs by scalable methods.
Tunicate‐Inspired Photoactivatable Proteinic Nanobombs for Tumor‐Adhesive Multimodal Therapy
Authors: Jeong Yeonsu , Jo Yun Kee , Kim Mou Seung , Joo Kye Il , Cha Hyung Joon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNear‐IR (NIR) light‐responsive multimodal nanotherapeutics have been proposed to achieve improved therapeutic efficacy and high specificity in cancer therapy. However, their clinical application is still elusive due to poor biometabolization and short retention at the target site. Here, innovative photoactivatable vanadium‐doped adhesive proteinic nanoparticles (NPs) capable of allowing biological photoabsorption and NIR‐responsive anticancer therapeutic effects to realize trimodal photothermal‐gas‐chemo‐therapy treatments in a highly biocompatible, site‐specific manner are proposed. The photoactivatable tumor‐adhesive proteinic NPs can enable efficient photothermal conversion via tunicate‐inspired catechol–vanadium complexes as well as prolonged tumor retention by virtue of mussel protein‐driven distinctive adhesiveness. The incorporation of a thermo‐sensitive nitric oxide donor and doxorubicin into the photoactivatable adhesive proteinic NPs leads to synergistic anticancer therapeutic effects as a result of photothermal‐triggered “bomb‐like” multimodal actions. Thus, this protein‐based phototherapeutic tumor‐adhesive NPs have great potential as a spatiotemporally controllable therapeutic system to accomplish effective therapeutic implications for the complete ablation of cancer.
Lysosome‐Targeted and Fluorescence‐Turned “On” Cytotoxicity Induced by Alkaline Phosphatase‐Triggered Self‐Assembly
Authors: Wu Chengfan , Wang Chenchen , Zhang Tong , Gao Ge , Wei Mengxing , Chen Yinglu , Li Xiaoyan , Wang Fuqiang , Liang Gaolin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSelectively inducing lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. But integrating alkaline phosphatase (ALP)‐instructed self‐assembly and lysosome‐targeting to induce LMP for selective killing of cancer cells was not reported. Herein, a pyrene‐peptide conjugate Py‐Phe‐Phe‐Glu‐Tyr(H2PO3)‐Gly‐lyso (Py‐Yp‐Lyso) is rationally designed and demonstrated for its lysosome‐targeting cytotoxicity on cancer cells, together with its pyrene (Py) excimer fluorescence turning “on” at 480 nm. In vitro results showed that, Py‐Yp‐Lyso is efficiently dephosphorylated by ALP to yield Py‐Phe‐Phe‐Glu‐Tyr‐Gly‐lyso (Py‐Y‐Lyso) which self‐assembles into nanofibers. Cell experiments verified that, after being taken up by HeLa cells, the excimer fluorescence of Py‐Yp‐Lyso assemblies has turned “on” and the assemblies specifically target the lysosomes, inducing LMP and ultimate cancer cell death. In vivo experiments indicated that Py‐Yp‐Lyso has the highest inhibition effect on HeLa tumors among the four compounds studied. This is anticipated for applying Py‐Yp‐Lyso to treat cancers in the clinic in the future.
Multifunctional Nanosystems with Enhanced Cellular Uptake for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Ma Zhaoyu , Foda Mohamed F. , Zhao Yanli , Han Heyou 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRapid development of nanotechnology provides promising strategies in biomedicine, especially in tumor therapy. In particular, the cellular uptake of nanosystems is not only a basic premise to realize various biomedical applications, but also a fatal factor for determining the final therapeutic effect. Thus, a systematic and comprehensive summary is necessary to overview the recent research progress on the improvement of nanosystem cellular uptake for cancer treatment. According to the process of nanosystems entering the body, they can be classified into three categories. The first segment is to enhance the accumulation and permeation of nanosystems to tumor cells through extracellular microenvironment stimulation. The second segment is to improve cellular internalization from extracellular to intracellular via active targeting. The third segment is to enhance the intracellular retention of therapeutics by subcellular localization. The major factors in the delivery can be utilized to develop multifunctional nanosystems for strengthening the tumor therapy. Ultimately, the key challenges and prospective in the emerging research frontier are thoroughly outlined. This review is expected to provide inspiring ideas, promising strategies and potential pathways for developing advanced anticancer nanosystems in clinical practice.
Amine‐Functionalized Carbon Nanodot Electrocatalysts Converting Carbon Dioxide to Methane
Authors: Yadav Ram Manohar , Li Zhengyuan , Zhang Tianyu , Sahin Onur , Roy Soumyabrata , Gao Guanhui , Guo Huazhang , Vajtai Robert , Wang Liang , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Wu Jingjie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methane (CH4), which can be used not only as fuel but also as a hydrogen carrier, has drawn great attention for use in supporting carbon capture and utilization. The design of active and selective electrocatalysts with exceptional CO2‐to‐CH4 conversion efficiency is highly desirable; however, it remains a challenge. Here a molecular tuning strategy−in situ amine functionalization of nitrogen‐doped graphene quantum dots (GQDs) for highly efficient CO2‐to‐CH4 conversion is presented. Amine functionalized nitrogen‐doped GQDs achieve a CH4 Faradic efficiency (FE) of 63% and 46%, respectively, at CH4 partial current densities of 170 and 258 mA cm−2, approximating to or even outperforming state‐of‐the‐art Cu‐based electrocatalysts. These GQDs also convert CO2 to C2 products mainly including C2H4 and C2H5OH with a maximum FE of ≈10%. A systematic analysis reveals that the CH4 yield varies linearly with amine group content, whereas the C2 production rate is positively dependent on pyridinic N dopant content. This work provides insight into the rational design of carbon catalysts with CO2‐to‐CH4 conversion efficiency at the industrially relevant level.
Silk Microneedle Patch Capable of On‐Demand Multidrug Delivery to the Brain for Glioblastoma Treatment
Authors: Wang Zijing , Yang Zhipeng , Jiang Jianjuan , Shi Zhifeng , Mao Ying , Qin Nan , Tao Tiger H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy remains the standard treatment strategy for GBM patients. However, challenges still exist when surgery is difficult or impossible to remove the tumor completely. Herein, the design, fabrication and application of a heterogenous silk fibroin microneedle (SMN) patch is reported for circumventing the blood‐brain barrier and releasing multiple drugs directly to the tumor site for drug combination treatment. The biocompatible and biodegradable SMN patch can dissolve slowly over time, allowing the sustained release of multiple drugs at different doses. Furthermore, it can be triggered remotely to induce rapid drug delivery at a designated stage after implantation. In the GBM mouse models, two clinically relevant chemotherapeutic agents (thrombin and temozolomide) and targeted drug (bevacizumab) are loaded into the SMN patch with individually controlled release profiles. The drugs are spatiotemporally and sequentially delivered for hemostasis, anti‐angiogenesis, and apoptosis of tumor cells. Device application is non‐toxic and results in decreased tumor volume and increased survival rate in mice. The SMN patch with on‐demand multidrug delivery has potential applications for the combined administration of therapeutic drugs for the clinical treatment of brain tumors when other methods are insufficient.
Efficient 2T CsKPb(IBr)3—Tin Incorporated Narrow Bandgap Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells: A Numerical Study with Current Matching Conditions
Authors: Karthick Sekar , Nwakanma Onyekachi Michael , Mercyrani Babudurai , Bouclé Johann , Velumani Subramaniam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study numerically investigates a highly efficient tandem‐structured and, perovskite‐perovskite model solar cells using the solar cell simulator capacitance software (), consisting of wide‐bandgap top potassium incorporated inorganic cesium‐based perovskite cell () and narrow‐bandgap bottom tin incorporated perovskite cells (and ). The study explores and optimizes the front and rear perovskite absorber layer parameters (especially thickness) and current matching conditions ideal for tandem device performance. The simulated top standalone inorganic solar cell parameters yield a power conversion efficiency of over 13% (for all models), while the bottom perovskite devices simulated with filtered spectrum yield an efficiency of 14.17% for , 8.54% for , and 13.30% for , respectively. The study and quantification of the current matching points for the tandem configuration provide some insight into the device's performance, which is beneficial for its efficiency enhancement. The resultant simulated optimized tandem cells offer a maximum efficiency of 21% for model, 17.5% for model, and 20% for model, respectively, with improved parameters.