bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards the Development, Maintenance, and Standardized Phenotypic Characterization of Single‐Seed‐Descent Genetic Resources for Common Bean
Authors: Cortinovis Gaia , Oppermann Markus , Neumann Kerstin , Graner Andreas , Gioia Tania , Marsella Marco , Alseekh Saleh , Fernie Alisdair R. , Papa Roberto , Bellucci Elisa , Bitocchi Elena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe optimal use of legume genetic resources represents a key prerequisite for coping with current agriculture‐related societal challenges, including conservation of agrobiodiversity, agricultural sustainability, food security, and human health. Among legumes, the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is the most economically important for human consumption, and its evolutionary trajectories as a species have been crucial to determining the structure and level of its present and available genetic diversity. Genomic advances are considerably enhancing the characterization and assessment of important genetic variants. For this purpose, the development and availability of, and access to, well‐described and efficiently managed genetic resource collections that comprise pure lines derived by single‐seed‐descent cycles will be paramount for the use of the reservoir of common bean variability and for the advanced breeding of legume crops. This is one of the main aims of the new and challenging European project INCREASE, which is the implementation of Intelligent Collections with appropriate standardized protocols that must be characterized, maintained, and made available, along with the related data, to users such as breeders and researchers. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Characterizing common bean seeds for seed trait descriptorsBasic Protocol 2: Bean seed imagingBasic Protocol 3: Characterizing bean lines for plant trait descriptors specific for common bean Primary Seed Increase
A Multiplex One‐Step RT‐qPCR Protocol to Detect SARS‐CoV‐2 in NP/OP Swabs and Saliva
Authors: Bland Joshua , Kavanaugh Ashley , Hong Lenny K. , Perez Omar , Kadkol Shrihari S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince December 2019, SARS‐CoV‐2 has spread extensively throughout the world, with more than 117 million reported cases and 2.6 million deaths (Johns Hopkins coronavirus resource center, https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html). Detecting the virus is the first step in diagnosing the infection, followed by quarantine to prevent transmission. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs (NP/OP) and saliva are two specimen types that are most often analyzed to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 by molecular tests that detect viral RNA or by antigen/antibody tests that detect viral proteins and/or the host immune response against the virus. Compared to antigen/antibody tests, molecular tests are highly sensitive and specific for detecting the virus. A significant drawback is that specimen collection requirements are specific to each test and cannot be interchanged with another test. Some tests are qualified to be used on NP swabs or saliva, but not both specimen types. Even with NP swabs, a test may be qualified to detect the virus only with swabs collected in viral transport medium (VTM) but not in other media. These restrictive pre‐analytic steps are disadvantageous in that a lab would have to develop and validate different tests for SARS‐CoV‐2 depending on the specimen type and collection media, with added setup cost, infrastructure, and training requirements. To overcome these problems, we developed and validated a cost‐effective multiplex reverse‐transcription real‐time PCR assay that can be used to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 in different specimen types. The assay is highly sensitive and specific, can be used to detect the virus in saliva as well as NP swabs collected in different media such as VTM, saline, and commercial preservative fluid, and serves as one test for all applications. The protocol also describes an optimal laboratory setup and unidirectional workflow for detecting SARS‐CoV‐2 by RT‐qPCR. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Manual viral nucleic acid extraction from NP/OP swabs collected in different media, and from salivaAlternate Protocol 1: Low‐throughput automated extraction on the Qiagen EZ1 Advanced XL machine (1‐14 samples)Alternate Protocol 2: High‐throughput automated extraction on the Kingfisher Flex machine (1‐96 samples)Basic Protocol 2: Multiplex RT‐qPCR protocol to detect SARS‐CoV‐2Alternate Protocol 3: Multiplex one‐step RT‐qPCR protocol to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 with S and E gene probes labeled with the same fluorochrome
Multidimensional harmonic current feedforward compensation control of single‐phase alternating current–direct current power factor correction converter
Authors: Lu Weiguo , Huang Qiwei , Li Shaoling , Xu Huaiwen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGenerally, low‐bandwidth condition of control voltage loop is used for single‐phase alternating current–direct current (AC–DC) power factor correction (PFC) converter, which eliminates the influence of the second harmonic component in the output voltage on control loop but degrades the load dynamic performance. However, the high‐bandwidth condition of voltage loop would cause multiharmonic distortions both in the input current and output voltage. Regarding this issue, this paper proposes a multidimensional harmonic current feedforward compensation control (MHCFC) scheme, to eliminate multiharmonic distortion of the PFC system using a high‐bandwidth condition of voltage loop and improve the dynamic performance as well. In the proposed scheme, the odd harmonics of the input current are extracted through multidimensional band‐pass filters and further converted into even harmonic compensation signals via the coordinate transformation, so as to offset the negative effects of the even harmonics of the output voltage. Taking boost PFC circuit as an example, a digital controlled experimental prototype is built to verify the feasibility of the proposed control scheme. The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional low‐pass filter (LPF) scheme, the proposed scheme guarantees a high‐quality input current while its load dynamic response is improved by about 70%.
Diagnostic accuracy of fine‐needle aspiration cytology for lymphoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Huan , Hariharan Vishnu Shankar , Sarma Susmita 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundFine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has become one of the most useful modalities for diagnosis and staging of lymphoma. However, diagnostic accuracy of this technique has been reported with varying results across several studies around the world. Hence, this meta‐analysis was done to assess the accuracy of FNAC for lymphoma diagnosis.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search for all studies reporting the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC for lymphoma in the databases of PubMed Central, MEDLINE, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Cochrane library from inception till January 2021. Meta‐analysis was performed using STATA software “midas” package.ResultsForty‐seven studies with 7268 patients were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of FNAC for diagnosing lymphoma were 93% (95% CI, 90%‐95%) and 97% (95% CI, 95%‐98%), respectively. Likelihood ratio positive was 33.5 (95% CI, 18.5‐60.7) and likelihood ratio negative was 0.07 (0.05‐0.11) making the technique to occupy the left upper quadrant in LR scattergram indicating that FNAC can be used for confirmation and exclusion. There was significant heterogeneity with significant chi‐square test and I2 statistic >75%. There was significant publication bias as per Deek's test and funnel plot.ConclusionTo summarize, our study found that FNAC has a vital role as a diagnostic tool for lymphoma with higher sensitivity and specificity. Further studies assessing the accuracy of FNAC on specific types of lymphoma is required.
Agriculture is adapting to phenological shifts caused by climate change, but grassland songbirds are not
Authors: McGowan Maeve M. , Perlut Noah G. , Strong Allan M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMigratory birds time their migration based on cues that signal resource availability for reproduction. However, with climate change, the timing of seasonal events may shift, potentially inhibiting the ability of some species to use them as accurate cues for migration. We studied the relationship between phenological shifts and reproduction by long‐ and short‐distance migratory songbirds—Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) and Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis). Our study population breeds in hayfields and pastures in Vermont, USA, where farmers are also changing management activities in response to climate change. From 2002 to 2019, we monitored nest initiation dates to quantify correlations with environmental factors and the timing of nest initiation. We collected historical and projected precipitation and temperature data for the breeding grounds, and their respective wintering and stopover sites, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We predicted that winter conditions experienced by the short‐distance migrant, the Savannah Sparrow, but not the long‐distance migrant, the Bobolink, would explain the timing and success of nesting, however that this timing would be misaligned with changes in agricultural practices by hay farmers. Nest initiation dates did not show significant directional change for either species, but did vary among years. Interannual variation in Savannah Sparrow nest initiation dates was best explained by the interaction between precipitation on the breeding grounds and average wintering site (Wilmington, North Carolina). For Bobolinks, interannual variation in nest initiation dates was best explained by the interaction between breeding ground precipitation and average temperature in their fall stopover site (Barquisimieto, Venezuela). However, first haying dates in Vermont advanced by ~10 days over 18 years. These results suggest that the conflict between the timing of hay harvests and grassland songbird reproduction will increase, further threatening population processes for these species, as early harvests notably decrease annual productivity.
Who’s for dinner? Bird prey diversity and choice in the great evening bat, Ia io
Authors: Gong Lixin , Shi Biye , Wu Hui , Feng Jiang , Jiang Tinglei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe mysterious predator–prey interaction between bats and nocturnally migrating birds is a very rare and incredible process in natural ecosystems. So far only three avivorous bat species, including two noctule bats (Nyctalus lasiopterus and Nyctalus aviator) and the great evening bat (Ia io), are known to regularly prey on songbirds during nocturnal avian migration. The information related to the diversity and the characteristics of the birds as prey and the hunting strategy in both species of noctule bats are already clear. However, the diversity of bird prey in the diet of I. io as confirmed by molecular identification remains unknown. Moreover, like hunting insects, it remains unclear whether the avivorous bats opportunistically prey on birds. Here, we used DNA metabarcoding to investigate the bird prey composition, diversity, and choice in diets of I. io. We found I. io consumed 22 species of seven families from Passeriformes with a body mass of 6–19 g, and preferentially selected small‐sized passerine birds for optimizing the benefit/risk trade‐off. Moreover, most of the species preyed upon were migratory birds, while four species were local resident birds, indicating that I. io may adopt both aerial‐hawking and gleaning strategies on songbirds as do the other two noctules. Further, I. io body mass did not influence in prey choice and predation richness on birds, suggesting I. io is an opportunistic avivorous predator. This study provides novel insights into the avian dietary ecology of I. io and completes the analysis of predator/prey interaction between three avivorous bats and nocturnally migrating birds. Our results also indicate bat predation on birds which occurs as an act of ecological opportunity may subject bats to intense natural selection pressure, causing them access to the new diet‐defined adaptive zones.
Extra‐cardiac targets in the management of cardiometabolic disease: Device‐based therapies
Authors: Jorbenadze Ana , Fudim Marat , Mahfoud Felix , Adamson Phillip B. , Bekfani Tarek , Wachter Rolf , Sievert Horst , Ponikowski Piotr P. , Cleland John G. F. , Anker Stefan D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHeart failure (HF) does not occur in a vacuum and is commonly defined and exacerbated by its co‐morbid conditions. Neurohormonal imbalance and systemic inflammation are some of the key pathomechanisms of HF but also commonly encountered co‐morbidities such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cachexia, obesity and sleep‐disordered breathing. A cornerstone of HF management is neurohormonal blockade, which in HF with reduced ejection fraction has been tied to a reduction in morbidity and mortality. Pharmacological treatment effective in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction did not show substantial effects in HF with preserved ejection fraction. Here, we review novel device‐based therapies using neuromodulation of extra‐cardiac targets to treat cardiometabolic disease.
Cardiac reverse remodelling and health status in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Wang Kaiming , Youngson Erik , Bakal Jeffrey A. , Thomas Jissy , McAlister Finlay A. , Oudit Gavin Y. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aims to assess long‐term changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) together with echocardiographic markers of cardiac remodelling and their association with prognosis and patient‐reported quality of life (QoL).Methods and resultsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of serial echocardiograms performed between January 2009 and December 2019 in 1089 patients (median age 63 years, 71.0% men) enrolled in the Mazankowski Heart Function Clinic Registry who had at least two echocardiograms separated by ≥12 months. We classified the patients into four subgroups by their baseline and LVEF trajectories: persistent heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (persistent HFrEF, n = 364), recovered ejection fraction (HFrecEF, n = 325), transient recovery in ejection fraction (HFtrecEF, n = 117), and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF, n = 283); 4490 echocardiograms were included in the present analysis, with 4.1 ± 1.8 echocardiograms available per patient during follow‐up. Reductions in echocardiographic markers of cardiac remodelling, including LVIDd [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.75–2.86], LVIDs (aOR: 2.44, 95% CI 2.00–2.94), left ventricular mass index (aOR: 1.15, 95% CI 1.09–1.22), E/e′ ratio (aOR: 1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.30), left atrial volume index (aOR: 1.10, 95% CI 1.03–1.16), along with an increase in the maximum recommended daily dose of renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors (aOR: 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.07) and mineralocorticoid‐receptor antagonists (aOR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.11) at 2 years, strongly predicted the HFrecEF classification, which was further sustained at 5 years of follow‐up. However, changes in these parameters were mostly absent in patients experiencing only a transient recovery in LVEF (HFtrecEF), closely resembling patients with persistent HFrEF. In the multivariable analysis, HFrecEF patients had lower risk of all‐cause mortality alone [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.46, 95% CI 0.23–0.93], and composite all‐cause (aHR: 0.59, 95% CI 0.49–0.73), cardiovascular (aHR: 0.47, 95% CI 0.36–0.61), and heart failure (aHR: 0.50, 95% CI 0.35–0.70) related hospitalizations with mortality than patients with persistent HFrEF. QoL assessed through the shortened Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire‐12 at the end of follow‐up was greater in patients with HFrecEF by 5.2, 12.4, and 9.4 points than persistent HFrEF, HFtrecEF, and HFpEF, respectively.ConclusionsPatients with HFrecEF experienced progressive normalization in echocardiographic markers of cardiac remodelling characterized by reductions in left ventricular dimensions and mass in tandem with reductions in left atrial volume and E/e′ ratio, which is associated with better prognosis and QoL.
50 Years of Materials Research for Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Marschall Roland 
Published: May 2021

Abstract50 years ago, Fujishima and Honda published their work on photoelectrocatalytic water splitting with the aid of the light absorbing semiconductor TiO2. Since then, many different novel absorber materials for water splitting have been discovered and investigated. This Minireview aims to briefly summarize the most important materials developments for photocatalytic water splitting of that time, differentiating between single absorbers and Z‐schemes.
Experimental investigations and developing multilayer neural network models for prediction of CO2 solubility in aqueous MDEA/PZ and MEA/MDEA/PZ blends
Authors: Li Tianci , Tantikhajorngosol Puttipong , Yang Congning , Tontiwachwuthikul Paitoon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this research, a new set of experimental data for CO2 solubility in aqueous blended amine solvents were investigated experimentally over the CO2 partial pressure range from 8 to 100 kPa at 40 °C and were compared with the benchmark aqueous 30 wt.% MEA solution. This work developed two multilayer neural network models named models A and B, for predicting the CO2 solubility in various aqueous blended amine solvents including 36 wt.% MDEA + 17 wt.% PZ, 24 wt.% MDEA + 26 wt.% PZ, and 6 wt.% MEA + 25 wt.% MDEA + 17 wt.% PZ. Models A and B were developed by using Levenberg–Marquardt back propagation algorithm with 427 and 301 of reliable experimental data sets gathered from the published data, respectively. The results indicate that the high accuracy prediction of the CO2 solubility in Methyldiethanolamine/Piperazine (MDEA/PZ) blends could be obtained by the network developed by Tan‐sigmoid transfer function with two hidden layers consist of eight and four neurons, while the network developed by Tan‐sigmoid transfer function with three hidden layers consist of 20, 10, and five neurons provided the highest accuracy for predicting the CO2 solubility in MEA/MDEA/PZ blends comparing to other model structures. The comparison results show that the neural network modeling provided more closer predictions to the experimental results than the simulator and other thermodynamic models when predicting the CO2 equilibrium solubility in blended amine solvents. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
COVID‐19‐Related Downscaling of In‐Hospital Liver Care Decreased Patient Satisfaction and Increased Liver‐Related Mortality
Authors: Hartl Lukas , Semmler Georg , Hofer Benedikt Silvester , Schirwani Nawa , Jachs Mathias , Simbrunner Benedikt , Bauer David Josef Maria , Binter Teresa , Pomej Katharina , Pinter Matthias , Trauner Michael , Mandorfer Mattias , Reiberger Thomas , Scheiner Bernhard 
Published: May 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic necessitated down‐scaling of in‐hospital care to prohibit the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus‐2. We (1) assessed patient perceptions on quality of care by telesurvey (cohort 1) and written questionnaire (cohort 2), and (2) analyzed trends in elective and nonelective admissions before (December 2019 to February 2020) and during (March to May 2020) the COVID‐19 pandemic in Austria. A total of 279 outpatients were recruited into cohort 1 and 138 patients into cohort 2. All admissions from December 2019 to May 2020 to the Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology at the Vienna General Hospital were analyzed. A total of 32.6% (n = 91 of 279) of cohort 1 and 72.5% (n = 95 of 131) of cohort 2 had telemedical contact, whereas 59.5% (n = 166 of 279) and 68.2% (n = 90 of 132) had face‐to‐face visits. A total of 24.1% (n = 32 of 133) needed acute medical help during health care restrictions; however, 57.3% (n = 51 of 89) reported that contacting their physician during COVID‐19 was difficult or impossible. Patient‐reported satisfaction with treatment decreased significantly during restrictions in cohort 1 (visual analog scale [VAS] 0‐10: 9.0 ± 1.6 to 8.6 ± 2.2; P < 0.001) and insignificantly in cohort 2 (VAS 0‐10: 8.9 ± 1.6 to 8.7 ± 2.1; P = 0.182). Despite fewer hospital admissions during COVID‐19, the proportion of nonelective admissions (+6.3%) and intensive care unit admissions (+6.7%) increased. Patients with cirrhosis with nonelective admissions during COVID‐19 had significantly higher Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) (25.5 [14.2] vs. 17.0 [interquartile range: 8.8]; P = 0.003) and ΔMELD (difference from last MELD: 3.9 ± 6.3 vs. 8.7 ± 6.4; P = 0.008), required immediate intensive care more frequently (26.7% vs. 5.6%; P = 0.034), and had significantly increased 30‐day liver‐related mortality (30.0% vs. 8.3%; P = 0.028). Conclusion: The COVID‐19 pandemic’s effects on quality of liver care is evident from decreased patient satisfaction, hospitalization of sicker patients with advanced chronic liver disease, and increased liver‐related mortality. Strategies for improved telemedical liver care and preemptive treatment of cirrhosis‐related complications are needed to counteract the COVID‐19‐associated restrictions of in‐hospital care.
The use of hedgerows to mitigate pesticide exposure of a population living in a rural area
Authors: Langenbach Tomaz , Mager Alfredo H. , Campos Maize M. , De Falco Anna , Aucélio Ricardo , Campos Tácio M. , Caldas Luiz Q. A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Farmer populations living in houses inside vegetable gardens are exposed to indoor pesticide pollution. The pulverization drift and volatile pesticides transported by wind are important sources of indoor pollution, which can be mitigated by hedgerows. This study was the first attempt in Brazil to investigate the efficiency of six different hedgerow species in reducing pesticide residues in air. A fluorescent compound (p-aminobenzoic acid or PABA) was introduced in the sprayed pesticide fluid that traced the pesticide in the water. Samples were collected in Petri dishes positioned on stakes at different heights in front of and behind the hedgerows. Data indicated barrier efficiency of up to 99%. Simulation of nontarget drift contamination with herbicide concentrations exhibited reduced senescence effects on leaves and posed no threat to survival. Hedgerows are feasible, simple, and inexpensive techniques, which may be used easily by farmers, independent of external support and efficiently mitigating indoor pesticide pollution, thus protecting human health. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:19–24. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
This study suggests that hedgerows have effective mitigation possibilities for protecting dwellers from indoor airborne pesticide exposures avoiding health hazard risks as a usual source of airborne diseases. Hedgerows are a feasible, simple, and inexpensive technique that may be easily used by farmers, independent of external support and efficiently mitigating indoor pesticide pollution. Hedgerows may function as protective house shields against pesticide drift.