bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant activities of cocoa bean shell from North Luwu and Gunungkidul as an active compound of packaging material
Authors: Utami R R , Jamilah  , Wahyudi R , Tangkin W P , Thamrin I , Amalia A N , Indriana D , Rosniati  , Yumas M , Assa A , Ariyanti M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The development of the cocoa processing industry must balance with the handling of cocoa bean shell waste. Cocoa bean shell is by product from cocoa processing industry. Active compounds of cocoa bean shell show antioxidant activity as antimicrobial. Based on this information, the cocoa bean shell has the potential to be used as an active compound in the packaging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of cocoa bean shell extract from North Luwu and Gunungkidul. Both regions had differences in cocoa bean processing and it may affect the antioxidant activity. The extraction of an active compounds was carried out by preparation of cocoa bean shell powder, defatted with hexane, then extracting active compounds with 70% ethanol. The analysis of cocoa bean shell powder including proximate and color analysis. The cocoa bean shell extract analysis including antioxidant activity of Radical Scavenging Activity (RSA) DPPH, total phenolic, total flavonoid, FTIR, and total dissolved solids. The result show that North Luwu cocoa bean shell extract has a higher active compound content than Gunungkidul, and this is reflected in RSA DPPH.
Effectiveness of plant growth promoting microrganisms as biofertilizer for soybeans under oil palm plantations on tidal land
Authors: Suryantini  , Rahmiana A.A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A research to study the effectiveness of biofertilizers on nodulation, growth and productivity of soybean was carried out at two locations on type D tidal lands in South Kalimantan, using a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments tested were N-fixing bacteria Rhizobium japonicum, P solubilizing bacteria (PSB) Pseudomonas sp and mycorrhiza biofertilizers, combined with inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers in the form of Urea and SP36 with low (25:25), moderate (50:50) and high (100:100) kg/ha doses. At the first location, the highest seed yield (2.04 t ha) was obtained in the rhizobium + PSB treatment combined with moderate dose of Urea and SP36 (50:50). This yield was 34% increase compared to seed yield at the same fertilizer rate without any biofertilizer. The same response was also obtained in second location where the soil was more acidic. The highest seed yield (1.9 t/ha) was obtained in the rhizobium + PSB treatment with a moderate dose of N and P fertilizer (50:50). This treatment resulted in 70% yield increase compared to that obtained by the treatment of the same fertilizer rate without bio fertilizer. In treatment of rhizobium + PSB + mycorrhiza, the seeds yield obtained were not different from the rhizobium + PSB treatment. This yield increase was supported by increasing the number and weight of root nodules, leaf chlorophyll index, weight of 100 seeds, and the number of filled pods per plant. This shows that the tested biofertilizers was effective on tidal land, and was able to increase soybean productivity.
Soybean pest control in tidal swamp, South Kalimantan
Authors: Indiati S W , M Santi YEB , Yusmani  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pest is one of the problems in soybean development area on tidal swamp. Every year, pest attacks cause 15-20% soybean production lost. The study was conducted within oil palm plants, on tidal swamp, Barito Kuala, Southern Kalimantan, in the dry season of 2016. The research was arranged in a randomized block design each treatment was replicated 6 times nested within treatment. Treatment consists of: 1. Untreated plot, 2. Bioinsecticides (Mixed SBM 50 g/l + SlNPV 2 g/l) based on monitoring (4x), 3. Bioinsecticides (Mixed SBM 50 g/l + S/NPV 2 g/l) weekly (6x), 4. Chemical insecticides based on monitoring (4x). The results showed that the pests found were Spodoptera litura, Plusia calsites, Lamprosema indicata, Riptortus linearis, Nezara viridula and Etiella zinckenella. All of them with low population numbers. But at 65 days after planting (DAP), population of S. litura was very high and caused plant damage up to 80%. Monitoring based bioinsecticides and weekly bioinsecticides application effectively suppressed low population and plant damage than chemical treatment based on monitoring. Soybean productivity achieved were 1.623 t/ha; 1.8 t/ha and 1.725 t/ha by monitoring based bioinsecticides, weekly bioinsecticides and chemical control based on monitoring respectively
Species distribution models for two subspecies of Dodonaea viscosa (Sapindaceae) in Indonesia
Authors: Priyadi Arief 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Maxent is one of the most popular software for Species Distribution Modelling because of its versatility and robustness, requires only species occurrence data and some environmental layers. The availability of default setting adds the usability, not surprisingly most reports were resulted from this option. However, cautions should be taken when modelling based on presence-only data; might be unavailable in default. This work aimed to test if running in personalized settings could result in better models. Here I run Maxent using data of Dodonaea viscosa subspecies angustifolia and D. viscosa subsp. viscosa (Sapindaceae) from GBIF and BIOCLIM for environmental layers, covering the Indonesian archipelago. The former subsp. is upland whereas the latter is coastal plant. Six models were built for each subsp. and their performance were further evaluated based on area under the ROC curve (AUC), prevalence, pixel counts of suitable area and visual observation of the final maps. Results showed all models of subsp. angustifolia were better compared to those of subsp. viscosa; proper measures applied before and during building might improve model performance. This work shows that Maxent may be more powerful when operated beyond its default setting. Users should be encouraged to experiment with more parameter values to produce the best model.
Biflavonoid compounds from Selaginella doederleinii Hieron as anticancer agents of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer based on in silico study
Authors: Pinanti H N , Nafisah W , Christina Y I , Rifa’i M , Widodo  , Djati M S 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSelaginella doederleiniiHieron is a wild plant that has long been used as a traditional anticancer drug in Indonesia. The majority of its anticancer activity comes from biflavonoids. However, the potency of the biflavonoids as anticancer agents for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer, the most common type of cancer in Indonesia has never been identified. This study determined the potential of the biflavonoids to block ERα and CDK6 via molecular docking and identified the interactions of the two proteins with other oncogenic proteins via protein interaction network analysis. The results showed that 3’,3’’’-binaringenin, Hinokiflavone, and 2,3-dyhidrohinokiflavone were the most potent compounds as ERα inhibitor. Hinokiflavone and Amentoflavone were the two best compounds that could inhibit CDK6 according to their high binding affinity. The presence of amino acid residues is vital in the binding process and the significant similarity with commercial drugs. ERα could interact with NCOA1, NCOA2, PELP1, CCND1, and AKT1, whereas CDK6 interacted directly with CCND1, CCND2, and CCND3. The upregulation of these proteins relates to the increase in cancer proliferation. These data indicated that the biflavonoids had a promising anticancer effect on HR+ breast cancer based on in silico studies. Additional researches are needed to validate the results.
The importance of soil biodiversity for sustaining the development of sisal in Sumbawa and Sumba with special reference to soil-borne pathogens
Authors: Yulianti T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sisal (Agave sisalana) is a good source of natural fiber for various purposes, e.g. handicrafts, doormats, boat ropes, wrappers, pulp, carpets, geotextiles, etc. Sisal is now being developed in some part of Sumbawa and Sumba islands due to its ability to grow at drought conditions and arid-semiarid regions. Most of the areas were originally grassland with shrub spots that have never been disturbed. Intensive planting Sisal under monoculture system for long period could alter the balance of soil biodiversity which lead to an emergence of a disease(s), particularly soil borne diseases. Recently, there are two distinct diseases (bole rot and zebra diseases) occurred in the areas indicating that soil health is under stress. Successful sisal sustainable development in these areas needs good agricultural practices with special attention to the management of biodiversity. Since soil biodiversity has an important role in stabilizing stress and disturbance. This paper discusses how to sustain Sisal development in Sumbawa and Sumba, including: good management sisal residues, intercropping, and environmentally friendly pest and disease control.
Distribution of bacterial wilt disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) on tobacco in Temanggung
Authors: Wijayanti K S , Hidayah N , Yulianti T , Supriyono  , Djajadi  , Andika Y 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of major diseases on tobacco worldwide. This research aimed to determine the distribution of bacterial wilt disease on tobacco plantation in Temanggung District, Central Java. Observation of the incidence of bacterial wilt disease was carried out on 53 sampling areas determined based on land system. The observation was conducted on two-month old tobacco in the field. At the same time, soil samples were collected for detection of bacterial population. The last activity was carried out three different times i.e. before, when, and after tobacco planting in the field. The results revealed that the incidence of bacterial wilt diseases ranged from 0-28% which means that the distribution of bacterial wilt across tobacco plantation was categorized from very low to moderate. The highest incidence of bacterial wilt was found in sampling point 23 located in Tegalurung, Bulu. We also found zero incidence of bacterial wilt in thirteen locations. The population of bacteria was determined in 11 sampling locations which are generally known as “lahan lincat”. The results showed that the highest population was reached at after planting time followed by when and before planting, they were 3.67-80.67×104, 0-10.67 ×104 and 0-1 ×104 cfu/g soil, respectively.
Growth performance of ICCRI 06 H cocoa seedling in response to different microclimate and soil moisture conditions
Authors: Fuadati Ayu Zahrotul , Prastowo E , Munawarti A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClimate and environmental factors play an important role for cocoa (Theobroma cacaoL.) optimal growth and production. This study aims to evaluate growth performance and stomatal characteristics of cocoa seedling in response to microclimate, i.e. temperature, relative humidity, light intensity and soil moisture condition. The cacao variety of ICCRI 06 H was used for greenhouse experiment arranged by a completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was evapotranspiration (ETa) i.e. ETa-1 100% (control), ETa-2 50% (moderate stress), and ETa-3 25% (severe stress). The second factor was microclimate condition defined by its location in the greenhouse, i.e. inside the glass box (IB) and outside the glass box (OB). IB microclimate conditions were modified through the installation of 50-Watt LED artificial lamps. Our seven weeks observations demonstrated the specific microclimate condition created both in IB and OB. An insignificant effect of different soil moisture level to cocoa seedling growth was evidenced. Conversely, microclimate condition shows a significant effects especially the plant height and stem diameter. The multiple regression analysis suggests the presence of connection between microclimate and crop growth, i.e. plant height, stem diameter, and number of young cocoa leaves in IB. The stomatal characteristics indicate the more stressed condition created outside the box.
Community structure of arthropods on the sea of sand at Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park
Authors: Priambodo Bagus , Septiani Y. , Yanuwiadi B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) is the only conservation area in Indonesia that is unique with 5.25 ha of sea sand. A unique area usually presents specific organism within it. Such as Imperata cylindrical, it is one of the reeds that well-growth in the sea sand of TNBTS. Meanwhile, research on arthropods in a particular sea of sand habitats has never been done specifically in Indonesia. Thus, encouraging the authors to determine the differences of arthropods community structure between densely vegetated (I. cylindrical) area and non-vegetated area in the Sea of Sand at TNBTS. Pitfall-trap and funnel berlese were performed with 20 repetitions, respectively. Community structure analyses were identified using Diversity Index (H’), Importance Value Index (IVI), and Bray-Curtis Index. Results showed that the IVI score in the vegetated area is 129 and dominated by Formicidae, while non-vegetated areas present 144 scores and dominated by Aphididae. The diversity index (H’) at the location with vegetation is higher than the location without vegetation. However, both locations showed a low diversity level. Bray-Curtis index shows an unsimilarity between two locations, indicated by 0.1 scores. This finding reveals that the arthropods community structure in the sea of sand between the vegetated area and non-vegetated area is different.
Effect of sonification in the alkalization process of coconut fiber to improve fiber strength
Authors: Istiroyah  , Ragil S M B , Ghufron M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Coconut coir fiber is a natural fiber obtained from the coconut mesocarp, where in Indonesia, its utilization is still not optimal. The use of fiber as a functional material in the structural and filter requires optimal characteristics and related to lignocellulose content and modification of the fiber’s surface structure. One method of fiber modification that is mostly used is the alkalization process using NaOH solution, which aims to degrade lignin, which is rigid and brittle. This paper will discuss the effect of ultrasonic wave exposure (sonication) on alkalizing the fiber using a low concentration NaOH solution. The variation of the concentrations of NaOH solution used was 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9% with ultrasonic wave exposure for 30 minutes at temperatures of 50, 60, and 70°C. The mechanical strength of the fiber was characterized using a Thwing-Albert Testing Machine. The measurement results show that the maximum mechanical strength values obtained in the alkalization treatment for 30 minutes with a concentration of 5% NaOH solution at a temperature of 70°C is 295.13 MPa. This tensile strength increased by 68.33% compared to the untreated sample of 175.33 MPa. The strain obtained in this sample was 31.86% of the initial fiber length.
Idiotypes and consumer preferences of kenari seeds (Canarium indicum) in Ternate Island based on agronomy character
Authors: Sundari  , Tolangara AR , Yusnaini  , Masúd A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
North Maluku is one of the Kenari (Canarium indicum) hotspots in Indonesia. On the Makean island this plant is abundantly spread as a forest plant. Kenari productivity on the Makean island is in the high category. The main crop of this plant is kenari seeds which are used by the community as a mixture of cakes and air guraka, halua and walnuts. There are several agronomic variations of kenari seeds that are sold on the Ternate city market. This study aims to analyze the idiotype and the level of consumer preferences for kenari seeds on the Ternate island. Descriptive survey research was conducted to collect data. This research was conducted in Maret until June 2020. The instruments used were questionnaire and interview guides. Respondents from 80 people consisting traders, garden owners, and consumers (housewives, students, public servants and entrepreneurs). People on the Ternate island have a tendency to choose fruit characters: whole fruit (fresh); Size: medium to large (at least 25 g); Shape: short-oval to round. Characteristics of kenari seeds (dried bottom): Size: medium to large (at least 10 g); Short-oval to round shape; % beans filled: at least 90%. Skin character (dry base): Thickness: moderate to thin thickness (no more than 4.00 mm). Content/kernel character (dry base): Size (including testa): medium to large (at least 2.5 g); White color. Idiotypes and preferences of seed consumers can be used as preliminary data for SNI standard superior kenari seed breeding programs.
The optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of antioxidant compounds from butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) by using response surface methodology
Authors: Izza N , Tristantini D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L) contains many phytochemical compounds that are beneficial to human health, one of which is incorporated in the group of phenolic compounds. Generally, the extraction process of an organic compound requires heat and takes a relatively long time. Therefore, the application of the ultrasonic method for the extraction of butterfly pea flower is studied. This study aims to obtain the best-operating conditions in the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of the phenolic compound of the butterfly pea flower. The optimization of operating conditions during the extraction process was performed by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with the application of Design Expert 10 software. The results of the optimum operating conditions are 62,063 ml/g of solvent and flower ratio, 60% ultrasonic power output, and 15 minutes of extraction time. These operating conditions result in 55.834 ml of extract, 0.874 mg/ml of total phenolic content (TPC), and 10.42 mg/l of total anthocyanins (TA).
The productivity estimation of female swamp buffalo population with different ages group in district Lumajang, East Java
Authors: Budiarto A , Hakim L , Ciptadi G , Nasich M , Putri A R I , Karima N K , Prasetyo Y D A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProper reproductive regulation could improve the level of productivity of livestock both in terms of production and reproduction. Swamp buffalo in Indonesia, especially in East Java, faces a severe problem, related to the sharp decline in population from year to year by 3%. However, buffaloes’ role is still sufficiently taken into account in the provision of employment in the fields of animal agriculture and national meat supply. This research aims to analyze the female productive age group swamp of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in district Lumajang. The research material was 154 buffalo farmer breeders with a total of 99 adult female buffaloes. This research method is the survey method, the data obtained, tabulated on average, deviation standard, and then analyzed descriptively. Variable observed structure different ages group, Service per Conception (S/C); Conception Rate (CR); Days Open. The results showed that the buffalo reproduction performance in district Lumajang was a total population of 99 adult females (60.74%) as many as 89 (89.9%) were of productive age average service per conception (2.68±0.89) times, NRR (9.99± 0.41) %. Length of pregnancy 10,57 ± 0,07 month, days open 3,82 ± 0.35 month, calving interval 16.39 + 0.42 month, conception rate (19.6±0.30) %. It was concluded that the reproductive performance of female productive swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in district Lumajang is potential for swamp buffalo breeding
Dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen through a combination of electrolysis and photocatalyst
Authors: Engge Y , Maulana F , Nurhuda M , Istiroyah  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hydrogen from water is an alternative energy source that can replace fossil fuels and is environmentally friendly. Various methods have been developed in producing hydrogen from water, including the process of photocatalysis and electrolysis. Photocatalysis is a water splitting event to produce hydrogen from water that utilizes photon energy. Most photocatalyst materials are made of semiconductor material because they have an energy gap that allows them to produce electron-holes if they are subjected to photon energy from a particular source that causes a water splitting event. Water electrolysis is the decomposition of water compounds (H2O) into oxygen gas (O2) and hydrogen gas (H2) by using an electric current through the water. Some of the obstacles of the two methods above are 1) photocatalysis: most of the photocatalyst materials that have been developed to date only work efficiently in the ultra violet light range and the amount of hydrogen production has not been maximized, 2) electrolysis: to produce hydrogen on a large scale, requires electricity in large quantities as a trigger for a reaction, so it requires high production costs. In this paper, through a literature review, a method of separating hydrogen and oxygen from water through a photocatalysis process that utilizes the energy of photons from visible light is combined with the electrolysis process to increase hydrogen production with a fairly small current.
Identification and population density of several raptor types in the RPTN Coban Trisula and Jabung Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park
Authors: Ningtyas A N , Susilo T S S D , Aryanti N A , Prasetya K N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Raptor or bird of prey is a top predator in the food chain. The important role of raptor as a counterweight and indicator of ecosystem health in forest areas. Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) is habitat for several types of raptor. The aim of this study to identify the raptor species which is found in RPTN Jabung and RPTN Coban Trisula TNBTS. This research was conducted in September - November 2019. Identifying raptor species and individuals was carried out using the cooperative point count method. Data analysis was performed by calculating population densities and abundance values based on encounters with raptor species. The results of identification raptor in RPTN Jabung is showed 8 types of raptors with 94 individuals and in RPTN Coban Trisula is showed 8 types of raptors with 20 individuals. The highest value of raptor population density in RPTN Jabung is Tachyspiza soloensis species with density values 43.18 individual/Ha. Species that often appear is Nisaetus bartelsi with an abundance of category 3 (often appear). The highest population density value in RPTN Coban Trisula is Ictinaetus malayensis and Spilornis cheela with density values 2.85 individual / Ha. The species that often arises is Ictinaetus malayensis with an abundance of category 2 (uncommon).
Evaluation of riparian vegetation diversity as a tuntong laut (Batagur borneoensis) habitat in River Tamiang, Aceh Tamiang, Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Saputra S , Arisoesilaningsih E , Kurniawan N , Retnaningdyah C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study evaluated the diversity of riparian vegetation as a habitat of tuntong laut (B. borneoensis) along the Tamiang River and Iyu River Aceh Tamiang, Aceh Province, Indonesia. This study was descriptive exploratory research using the Ex-Post Facto method. Five location sampling were determined by selected sampling. Observation of mangrove vegetation included the seedlings, saplings, and trees were done at each location with three replications by made sample plots (2x2 m for seedlings, 5x5 m for saplings, and 10x10 m for trees). The research results showed that total species of seedlings were 14 species, saplings 18 species, and trees seven species. The highest diversity index value (H`) of seedlings, saplings, and trees were 1.56, 2.52, and 1.44, respectively, which included in the low category and indicated the degraded of riparian vegetation in all of sampling location.