bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bicarbonate for microalgae cultivation: a case study in a chlorophyte, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis isolated from a Norwegian lake
Authors: Umetani Ikumi , Janka Eshetu , Sposób Michal , Hulatt Chris J. , Kleiven Synne , Bakke Rune 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBicarbonate was evaluated as an alternative carbon source for a green microalga, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis, isolated from Lake Norsjø in Norway. Photosynthesis, growth, and lipid production were studied using four inorganic carbon regimes: (1) aeration only, (2) 20 mM NaHCO3, (3) 5% (v/v) CO2 gas, and (4) combination of 20 mM NaHCO3 and 5% CO2. Variable chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis revealed that the bicarbonate treatment supported effective photosynthesis, while the CO2 treatment led to inefficient photosynthetic activity with a PSII maximum quantum yield as low as 0.31. Conversely, bicarbonate and CO2 treatments gave similar biomass and fatty acid production. The maximum growth rate, the final cell dry weight, and total fatty acids under the bicarbonate-only treatment were 0.33 (± 0.06) day−1, 673 (± 124) mg L−1 and 75 (± 5) mg g−1 dry biomass, respectively. The most abundant fatty acid components were α-linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids constituting 69% of the total fatty acids. The fatty acid profile eventuated in unsuitable biodiesel fuel properties such as high degree of unsaturation and low cetane number; however, it would be relevant for food and feed applications. We concluded that bicarbonate could give healthy growth and comparative product yields as CO2.
Preparation of high-entropy carbides by different sintering techniques
Authors: Pötschke Johannes , Dahal Manisha , Herrmann Mathias , Vornberger Anne , Matthey Björn , Michaelis Alexander 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDense (Hf, Ta, Nb, Ti, V)C- and (Ta, Nb, Ti, V, W)C-based high-entropy carbides (HEC) were produced by three different sintering techniques: gas pressure sintering/sinter–HIP at 1900 °C and 100 bar Ar, vacuum sintering at 2250 °C and 0.001 bar as well as SPS/FAST at 2000 °C and 60 MPa pressure. The relative density varied from 97.9 to 100%, with SPS producing 100% dense samples with both compositions. Grain size measurements showed that the substitution of Hf with W leads to an increase in the mean grain size of 5–10 times the size of the (Hf, Ta, Nb, Ti, V,)C samples. Vacuum-sintered samples showed uniform grain size distribution regardless of composition. EDS mapping revealed the formation of a solid solution with no intermetallic phases or element clustering. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the structure of mostly single-phase cubic high-entropy carbides. Hardness measurements revealed that (Hf, Ta, Nb, Ti, V)C samples possess higher hardness values than (Ta, Nb, Ti, V, W)C samples.
Latent class growth modelling for the evaluation of intervention outcomes: example from a physical activity intervention
Authors: Lampousi Anna-Maria , Möller Jette , Liang Yajun , Berglind Daniel , Forsell Yvonne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntervention studies often assume that changes in an outcome are homogenous across the population, however this assumption might not always hold. This article describes how latent class growth modelling (LCGM) can be performed in intervention studies, using an empirical example, and discusses the challenges and potential implications of this method. The analysis included 110 young adults with mobility disability that had participated in a parallel randomized controlled trial and received either a mobile app program (n = 55) or a supervised health program (n = 55) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was accelerometer measured moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels in min/day assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 1-year post intervention. The mean change of MVPA from baseline to 1-year was estimated using paired t-test. LCGM was performed to determine the trajectories of MVPA. Logistic regression models were used to identify potential predictors of trajectories. There was no significant difference between baseline and 1-year MVPA levels (4.8 min/day, 95% CI: −1.4, 10.9). Four MVPA trajectories, ‘Normal/Decrease’, ‘Normal/Increase’, ‘Normal/Rapid increase’, and ‘High/Increase’, were identified through LCGM. Individuals with younger age and higher baseline MVPA were more likely to have increasing trajectories of MVPA. LCGM uncovered hidden trajectories of physical activity that were not represented by the average pattern. This approach could provide significant insights when included in intervention studies. For higher accuracy it is recommended to include larger sample sizes.
On High Order ADER Discontinuous Galerkin Schemes for First Order Hyperbolic Reformulations of Nonlinear Dispersive Systems
Authors: Busto Saray , Dumbser Michael , Escalante Cipriano , Favrie Nicolas , Gavrilyuk Sergey 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper is on arbitrary high order fully discrete one-step ADER discontinuous Galerkin schemes with subcell finite volume limiters applied to a new class of first order hyperbolic reformulations of nonlinear dispersive systems based on an extended Lagrangian approach introduced by Dhaouadi et al. (Stud Appl Math 207:1–20, 2018), Favrie and Gavrilyuk (Nonlinearity 30:2718–2736, 2017). We consider the hyperbolic reformulations of two different nonlinear dispersive systems, namely the Serre–Green–Naghdi model of dispersive water waves and the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The first order hyperbolic reformulation of the Schrödinger equation is endowed with a curl involution constraint that needs to be properly accounted for in multiple space dimensions. We show that the original model proposed in Dhaouadi et al. (2018) is onlyweakly hyperbolicin the multi-dimensional case and that strong hyperbolicity can be restored at the aid of a novel thermodynamically compatible GLM curl cleaning approach that accounts for the curl involution constraint in the PDE system. We show one and two-dimensional numerical results applied to both systems and compare them with available exact, numerical and experimental reference solutions whenever possible.
First-Order Necessary Conditions in Optimal Control
Authors: Mayne David , Vinter Richard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn an earlier analysis of strong variation algorithms for optimal control problems with endpoint inequality constraints, Mayne and Polak provided conditions under which accumulation points satisfy a condition requiring a certain optimality function, used in the algorithms to generate search directions, to be nonnegative for all controls. The aim of this paper is to clarify the nature of this optimality condition, which we call the first-order minimax condition, and of a related integrated form of the condition, which, also, is implicit in past algorithm convergence analysis. We consider these conditions, separately, when a pathwise state constraint is, and is not, included in the problem formulation. When there are no pathwise state constraints, we show that the integrated first-order minimax condition is equivalent to the minimum principle and that the minimum principle (and equivalent integrated first-order minimax condition) is strictly stronger than the first-order minimax condition. For problems with state constraints, we establish that the integrated first-order minimax condition and the minimum principle are, once again, equivalent. But, in the state constrained context, it is no longer the case that the minimum principle is stronger than the first-order minimax condition, or vice versa. An example confirms the perhaps surprising fact that the first-order minimax condition is a distinct optimality condition that can provide information, for problems with state constraints, in some circumstances when the minimum principle fails to do so.
Common-mode noise filtering with space-divided differential 2x2 VLC for V2V applications
Authors: Matolcsy Balázs , Udvary Eszter , Schranz Ágoston 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Communication is one of the most promising application opportunities of Visible Light Communication (VLC). This paper suggests a novel transmission technique for VLC-V2V applications, called 2x2 Differential Transmission (2x2 DT). This transmission method exhibits excellent common-mode optical noise rejection performance. This beneficiary property is presented first with simulation results and later with real-life urban traffic measurement as well. After the promising simulation results, a demonstrational automotive-grade VLC-V2V link is presented and investigated for evaluation purposes. The link does not contain electrical filters, optical filters nor optical lenses, hence link costs are kept low and versatility is preserved. With our proposed 2x2 differential solution, both the transmission quality and common-mode optical noise rejection performance is outstanding. Due to the increased sensitivity of the differential VLC transmission regarding crosstalk between channels, a method is suggested for crosstalk reduction for high-quality differential transmission.
Language: The “Ultimate Artifact” to Build, Develop, and Update Worldviews
Authors: Magnani Lorenzo , Pinillos Alger Sans , Arfini Selene 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhat role does language play in the process of building worldviews? To address this question, in the first section of this paper we will clarify what we mean by worldviews and how they differ, in our perspective, from cosmovisions. In a nutshell, we define worldviews as the biological interpretations agents create of the world around them and cosmovision the more general cultural-based reflections on it (which, of course, include also agents’ worldviews). After presenting our definition for worldview, we will also present the multi-shaped viewpoint that frames our analysis, adopting three concepts that can help us explainhowagents construct and develop their worldviews: saliences, pregnances, and abduction. While the notions of saliences and pregnances will explain how agents recognize anomalies in their worldview, the concept of abduction will help us discuss how they can learn to approach, explain, and use these anomalies to get new skills and abilities. This other point will lead us to discuss the role of language in this process, which will be describe as an artifact that permits the agent to use abduction to “normalize” and exploit anomalies, being now the ultimate artifact (for human agents) to build, develop, and update their worldviews.
Analysis of Selected Minerals in Homemade Grape Vinegars Obtained by Spontaneous Fermentation
Authors: Antoniewicz Justyna , Jakubczyk Karolina , Kupnicka Patrycja , Bosiacki Mateusz , Chlubek Dariusz , Janda Katarzyna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFruit vinegars are widely used as a spice and food preservative. They are considered as functional food, containing many bioactive compounds with pro-health benefits. Grape vinegars can be also a source of mineral compounds. Their quantity and diversity can be determined by environmental factors and growing conditions, such as temperature, mineral composition of the soil, heavy metal contamination, sunlight availability as well as grape variety and fruit ripeness stage. The aim of the study was to determine the content of minerals in homemade grape vinegars, obtained by spontaneous fermentation. Five different grape (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties were used in the study (Cabernet Cortis, Johanniter, Solaris, Souvignier gris and Prior). Moreover, the effect of sugar addition in the fermentation process on the mineral content was examined. The mineral content was determined using the ICP-OES method. Among the analysed samples, potassium was the most abundant element (936.07–1472.3 mg/L of vinegar). Comparative analysis showed that the content of Ca, Fe and Cr was significantly higher in vinegars prepared from red varieties than in white-coloured ones. In turn, vinegars prepared from white grape varieties contained statistically significantly higher content of potassium. Vinegar colour did not have a significant influence on the content of the remaining elements included in the analysis. Furthermore, statistical analysis did not reveal any significant differences in the content of the analysed minerals in any of the grape varieties used between the samples with and without sugar addition.
Sex addiction in Turkey: A large-scale survey with a national community sample
Authors: Kircaburun Kagan , Ünübol Hüseyin , Sayar Gökben H. , Çarkçı Jaklin , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrior studies on sex addiction have mostly relied on a narrow range of risk factors among small and heterogeneous samples. The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychological markers related to sex addiction in a large-scale community sample of Turkish adults. A total of 24,380 individuals completed a survey comprising the Sex Addiction Risk Questionnaire, the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Personal-Wellbeing Index Adult Form, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (50% males; mean age = 31.79 years; age range = 18 to 81 years). Utilizing hierarchical regression analysis, sex addiction was associated with being male, being younger, having a lower education level, being single, being an alcohol and nicotine user, psychiatric distress, low personal wellbeing, positive and negative affect, alexithymia, and anxious attachment. This study suggests that socio-demographic factors and aforementioned detrimental psychological factors exacerbate higher engagement in addictive sexual behaviors among the Turkish community. However, more studies are needed to better understand the factors associated with sex addiction in Turkey.
Furthering the Focus on Translational Sleep Science in Behavioral Medicine
Authors: Hoyt Michael A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTranslational sleep science has become a critical and fundamental focus in the field of behavioral medicine. This is the second issue in the special series of the International Journal of Behavioral Medicine focused on the physiological, psychological, social, and environmental concomitants of sleep and human health. The articles included in this issue draw further attention to the range and significance of sleep as a marker of health status and as a target of behavioral intervention. The research included in this series highlights the pervasive manner in which sleep health is intrinsically connected to health risk, behavior, and outcomes. The next decade promises to further behavioral medicine approaches to improving the provision of care and the overall public health through the implementation of translational sleep science research.
“How Do We Actually Do Convergence” for Disaster Resilience? Cases from Australia and the United States
Authors: Lakhina Shefali Juneja , Sutley Elaina J. , Wilson Jay 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent years there has been an increasing emphasis on achieving convergence in disaster research, policy, and programs to reduce disaster losses and enhance social well-being. However, there remain considerable gaps in understanding “how do we actually do convergence?” In this article, we present three case studies from across geographies—New South Wales in Australia, and North Carolina and Oregon in the United States; and sectors of work—community, environmental, and urban resilience, to critically examine what convergence entails and how it can enable diverse disciplines, people, and institutions to reduce vulnerability to systemic risks in the twenty-first century. We identify key successes, challenges, and barriers to convergence. We build on current discussions around the need for convergence research to be problem-focused and solutions-based, by also considering the need to approach convergence as ethic, method, and outcome. We reflect on how convergence can be approached as an ethic that motivates a higher order alignment on “why” we come together; as a method that foregrounds “how” we come together in inclusive ways; and as an outcome that highlights “what” must be done to successfully translate research findings into the policy and public domains.
Exceeding the threshold value for Trioza apicalis Förster 1848 in carrot fields did not cause damage as revealed during monitoring in Germany from 2017–2020
Authors: Sauer J. , Dewert A. , Hondelmann P. , Meyhöfer R. , Hommes M. , Buck H. , Ulrichs C. , Vogler U. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe carrot psyllidTrioza apicalisFörster 1848 is a carrot pest in Europe that can cause serious damages in case of massive occurrence. Damages up to a total loss of yield have been reported from Scandinavian countries but also from Switzerland. The action threshold to control the pest with chemical pesticides is 0.2 T. apicalisper day and trap caught by sticky traps. We investigated the number ofT. apicaliswith sticky traps on carrot fields of the study regions Lüneburg/Uelzen and Hameln/Bad Pyrmont in Germany, during the period 2017–2020. The number ofT. apicaliscaught was generally very low in both study regions. On several fields in successive weeks almost no individuals were found in the study region Hameln/Bad Pyrmont. In Lüneburg/Uelzen was at least one field each year where the number of carrot psyllid was clearly higher than in all other fields and exceeded the threshold level. Surprisingly on carrot fields in close proximity to carrot fields from the previous year, theT. apicalisnumbers were only slightly increased. Nonetheless, no loss of yield was reported for any of the fields in the four years of the study, although the generally defined threshold has been exceeded on many of the investigated carrot fields.
COVID-19 at War: The Joint Forces Operation in Ukraine
Authors: Quinn V John M. , Dhabalia Trisha Jigar , Roslycky Lada L. , Wilson V James M. , Hansen Jan-Cedric , Hulchiy Olesya , Golubovskaya Olga , Buriachyk Mykola , Vadim Kondratiuk , Zauralskyy Rostyslav , Vyrva Oleg , Stepanskyi Dmytro , Ivanovitch Pokhil Sergiy , Mironenko Alla , Shportko Volodymyr , McElligott John E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe ongoing pandemic disaster of coronavirus erupted with the first confirmed cases in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) novel coronavirus, the disease referred to as coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed the outbreak and determined it a global pandemic. The current pandemic has infected nearly 300 million people and killed over 3 million. The current COVID-19 pandemic is smashing every public health barrier, guardrail, and safety measure in underdeveloped and the most developed countries alike, with peaks and troughs across time. Greatly impacted are those regions experiencing conflict and war. Morbidity and mortality increase logarithmically for those communities at risk and that lack the ability to promote basic preventative measures. States around the globe struggle to unify responses, make gains on preparedness levels, identify and symptomatically treat positive cases, and labs across the globe frantically rollout various vaccines and effective surveillance and therapeutic mechanisms. The incidence and prevalence of COVID-19 may continue to increase globally as no unified disaster response is manifested and disinformation spreads. During this failure in response, virus variants are erupting at a dizzying pace. Ungoverned spaces where nonstate actors predominate and active war zones may become the next epicenter for COVID-19 fatality rates. As the incidence rates continue to rise, hospitals in North America and Europe exceed surge capacity, and immunity post infection struggles to be adequately described. The global threat in previously high-quality, robust infrastructure health-care systems in the most developed economies are failing the challenge posed by COVID-19; how will less-developed economies and those health-care infrastructures that are destroyed by war and conflict fare until adequate vaccine penetrance in these communities or adequate treatment are established? Ukraine and other states in the Black Sea Region are under threat and are exposed to armed Russian aggression against territorial sovereignty daily. Ukraine, where Russia has been waging war since 2014, faces this specific dual threat: disaster response to violence and a deadly infectious disease. To best serve biosurveillance, aid in pandemic disaster response, and bolster health security in Europe, across the North Atlantic Treaty Alliance (NATO) and Black Sea regions, increased NATO integration, across Ukraine’s disaster response structures within the Ministries of Health, Defense, and Interior must be reinforced and expanded to mitigate the COVID-19 disaster.
COVID-19 and Alcohol Poisoning: A Fatal Competition
Authors: Heidari Mohammad , Sayfouri Nasrin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn March 2020, concurrently with the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iran, the rate of alcohol poisoning was unexpectedly increased in the country. This study has attempted to make an overall description and analysis of this phenomenon by collecting credible data from the field, news, and reports published by the emergency centers and the Iranian Ministry of Health. The investigations showed that in May 20, 2020, more than 6150 people have been affected by methanol poisoning from whom 804 deaths have been reported. A major cause of the increased rate of alcohol poisoning in this period was actually the illusion that alcohol could eliminate the coronaviruses having entered the body. It is of utmost importance that all mass media try to dismiss the cultural, religious, and political considerations and prepare convincing programs to openly discuss the side-effects of forged alcohol consumption with the public, especially with the youth. It must be clearly specified that “consuming alcohol cannot help prevent COVID-19.”
Public Knowledge and Adherence to Hand Hygienic Guidelines for the Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission: A Cross-sectional Survey from Pakistan
Authors: Yaseen Muhammad Osama , Saif Arifa , Khan Tahir Mehmood , Yaseen Misha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:Good hand hygienic practices are considered an important factor to curb the transmission and emergence of SARS-CoV -2. Various studies, conducted previously during the outbreaks of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, have ascertained the effectiveness of adopting good hand hygienic practices to curb the emergence of these viruses. This study aims to explore public hand hygienic practices during the peak pandemic period.Method:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population of Pakistan to investigate the knowledge and perception about hand hygiene, self-reported hand hygiene practices, adherence to hand hygienic guidelines, and barriers to optimal hand hygiene. Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Regression model were used for statistical analysis.Results:There was a significant difference in area-based knowledge (P = 0.026), beliefs (P = 0.027), and practices (P = 0.002) regarding hand hygiene. The results of regression analysis revealed that people in urban areas were more likely to have better knowledge (β = 0.108, CI = 0.076 − 0.05, P = 0.008) and better adherence (β = 0.115, CI = 0.514 − 2.68, P = 0.004) to hand hygienic practices.Conclusion:Advertisements on television and other electronic media with appealing slogans could be effective in making people more compliant to optimal hand hygienic practices.