bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional and Chemical Compositions of The Desert Truffle (Terfezia Claveryi) in Samawa City of Iraq
Authors: Khlaif Duaa Khalid , Kadum Hana , Abod Noor Sami 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the nutritional and phytochemical composition (amino acids, phenolic compounds) of Terfezia claveryi collected from Samawa city. The macro-Kjeldahl technique was used to determine the crude protein content (N6.25) of the samples. A Soxhlet device was used to determine the crude fat content. The identification of free amino acids and individual phenolic compounds were performed by an amino acid analyzer and High-Performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC). Terfezia claveryi rich in carbohydrates, proteins and low in fat. protein percentage was 17.64%. Terfezia claveryi contain twelve amino acids, nine phenolic compounds, Rutin, Gallic acid, Sinapic acids and Chlorogenic acid were 6479.035, 3737.48, 1263.303, 1151.521 μg/gm identified as the major phenolic compound respectively. The protein content is significantly higher than most vegetables, which can use as a well-balanced diet. Owing to rich amino acids and phenolic profile Terfezia claveryi can be considered as a source of therapeutic agents.
Effect of Different Combinations of NPK Fertilizer and Seed Quantities on The Yields of Green and Dry Fodder for Egyptian Clover (Meskawi)
Authors: alzlzly Mohammad hachim nassir , Al-Tahir Faisal Mihbass Madlol 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out at Abu Al-Fadl Forest Nursery affiliated to Al-Diwaniyah Agriculture Directorate (2 km away from the city center), during the winter season (2020-2021). In order to determine the best combination of NPK fertilizer under influence of different seeding rates to shorten the life of cutting the first To increase cutting number during the growing season and to improvment the quantity and quality of green and dry fodder and seed yield, The experiment includes six combinations of NPK fertilizer are (0-0-0), (20-15-10), (40-30-20), (60-45-30), (80-60-40) and (100-75-50) kg ha−1, and four of seeding rates are (20, 40, 60, 80) kg ha−1, The experiment was applied according to the arrangement of the split plots and using R.C.B. Design with three replications. The combination of NPK fertilizer were placed in the main-plot and the quantities of seeds in the sub-plot. The results showed that NPK5 fertilizer level excelled the yields of green and dry forage for the fourth cutting (20.98, 2.28) ton ha−1 respectively, and The total green and dry fodder yields (60.87, 6.48) ton ha−1 respectively, While the fertilizer level NPK4 exceeded The ratio of leaves to stems for the fourth cutting (37.61%). As for the of seeding rates, the results showed that (80 kg h−1) excelled for the ratio of leaves to stems for third cutting (34.67%) yields of green and dry fodder for the first cutting (9.92, 1.03) ton ha−1 respectively, and the total green fodder yield (59.40 t.h-1), While the 60 kg h−1 excelled the yields of green fodder for the second, third and fourth cutting (13.04, 19.50 and 17.64) ton ha−1, dry forage yield of the second, third and fourth cutting (1.47, 1.94, and 1.90) ton ha−1sequentially. and the total dry fodder yield (6.25) ton ha−1.
Response of Safflower to (N.P.K) Fertilizer Combinations and Plants Distribution
Authors: Jaffar Razaq Abd-Alrab , Al-Refai Shaimaa Ibraheem 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To find out the effect of fertilizer levels and of plants distribution on safflower yield, an experiment was conducted in Iraq - Al-Diwaniyah Governorate in the growing season 2020/2021, The experiment included three replicates with 60 experimental units, and it included combinations levels of fertilization(F1F2, F3 and F4) which represented the following fertilizer levels(N0, P0, K0) (N140, P80, K40) (N160, P100, K60) (N180, P120, K80)Kg.h−1, in addition to five planting distribution (D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5) follows (30 × 30, 40 × 40, 50 × 50, 60 × 60 and 70 × 70 cm). The results showed that the fertilization level(N180, P120, K80) it gave the highest mean of seed weight and head diameter, which amounted to(23.12 g and 2.88cm) respectively. As for the plant distribution D5, Gave the highest of weight of the yield of petals, Head diameter and plant heads number reached to (2.23 g, 2.93 cm, 83.14 head. plant−1) respectively. While the superiority of the treatment D4 was in In seeds number per head 44.88 seed. head−1. Therefore, plants distribution between plants can be reduced with increased fertilization from NPK in the area.
Effect of Humic Acid on Growth and Yield Several Genotypes of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)
Authors: Al-bourky Ragheb hadi , Manshood Mustafa A. , Mahmoud Mohammed Radwan , Al-mousawy Salama Tahseen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment in the province of Muthanna during the summer season 2014-2015 to study the effect of three levels of humic acid on the growth and yield five genotypes of rice, the experiment carried out using a design Split Plot Design with three replications as occupied the main panels three levels of Humic acid (0, 2 and 4) ml liter−1 while genotypes occupied (IR-60819 and PR-2235 and Mchkab-1 and Jasmine and Amber-33) secondary panels. The results showed that there were significant differences between the humic acid leves, treatment 4 ml liter −1 overtook in a period of flowering (109.88 days), plant height, (99.33 cm) area of flag leaf, (38.11 cm2) number of panicle 373.33 panicle/m2 the number of grains 129.83 grains/panicle and yield grains 4.66 ton/h and there was no significant difference in grain weight, as well as the presence of significant differences between genotypes for all growth traits, as observed superiority of class dormitory -33 moral in the period of flowering, (110.88 days), Mchkab−1 in plant height, (111.34 cm) Yasmin in the flag leaf area, which amounted to 45.00 cm 2, as it gave the class Mchkab-1 highest number of Panicles totaled 400.00 Panicles/m2, and the superiority of product was Jasmine and averaged 145.11 grain/Panicle, and the superiority of genotype RP -2235 average grain weight of 20 mg were given a The interaction (4 × Mchkab−1) higher average plant height was 118.27 cm whereas given the The interaction (0× IR-60819) less than an average of 77.44 cm, either on the flag leaf area has given The interaction (4 × Yasmin) averaged 45.45 cm 2, while given the The interaction (0 × RP-2235) below average for this trait was 30.02 cm 2, and for yield and its components given The interaction (2 × Mchkab−1) the highest average number of Panicles 450.00 Panicle/m 2, while the number of grains in the deltoid has The interaction gave (2 × Yasmin) the highest average number of grains/Panicle totaled 150.00 grain/Panicle while given The interaction (4 × IR-60819) less than an average of 98.66 grain/Panicle, also was given The interaction (2 × Mchkab −1) yield the highest average grain amounted to 5.82 tons/h, while the The interaction gave (0 × IR-60819) less than the average stood at 3.05 tons/ha.
The Effect of Efficacy Local Isolates of Paenibacillus Bacteria on Available Soil Phosphorus and Growth of Cultivars Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)
Authors: Noni Ghanim Bahlol , Ayat Hassan Abd 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of bio-inoculation with three local isolates of P. polymyxa and three Varieties of wheat on the growth and yield of the wheat plant (Triticum aestivum L). In the second agricultural research station affiliated to the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Muthanna, a field experiment was conducted in Al-Muthanna Governorate for the year 2020 in silty clay Loam soil texture. The experiment was designed in a randomized complete block method (RCBD) and with three replications. The experiment included two factors, where the first factor represents the local isolates of four levels, symbolized by P0-P1-P2-P3, and the second factor represents the three wheat varieties, Buhouth class 22, Iraq class, and Ibaa 99, which symbolized C1-C2-C3 respectively. The results showed the following: First: The P3 bio-pollination treatment achieved a significant increase in soil phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen in the available part at the flowering stage, as the highest average was recorded for them (11.39 mg kg −1 soil - 1.4300%-1.4,000%), and the P2 treatment was superior for both soil potassium and plant height. And the dry weight, the highest average for them was recorded (157.8 mg kg −1 - 92.6 cm - 10.61 g plant −1). Second: As for the cultivars, they differed in most of the characteristics of the study. The Iraq cultivar excelled in soil phosphorous concentration with an average of (11.06 mg kg −1 soil), while Buhouth cultivar 22 was superior in soil potassium with an average of (158.02) mg kg −1 soil. Ibaa 99 had been recorded concentration nitrogen and potassium in plants with averages of (1.4208,1.3474%). Third: When the isolates overlapped with the cultivars, a discrepancy was observed. It gave Samawa isolate with Bohouth class 22 by recording the highest average in soil potassium concentration and plant height amounting to (166.7 mg kg −1 soil, 99.8 cm) respectively, while Al-Khidr isolate with Ibaa 99 cultivar in nitrogen and potassium concentration plant, where it reached (1.4567-1.4400)%, while the isolate without addition outperformed with the cultivar Iba 99 for dry weight, as it reached its highest average (11.40 gm plant −1). The isolate of vegetables also outperformed Iraq cultivar for phosphorous concentration in soil, as it recorded the highest average of (12.30) mg kg −1 soil.
Effect of Source of Organic Matter Level and Phosphorous Level on Phosphorous Forms and Humic Acids Release in Gypsiferous Soil
Authors: Muhawish Noor AL-Dean Mohammed , Hilal Nashmi Ahmed 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA laboratory experiment was conducted in the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, College of Agriculture/Tikrit University for the year 2019 for the purpose of studying the effect of the source and level of organic matter and the level of added phosphorous on the level of phosphorous forms and humic acids in gypsum soil. A factorial experiment was conducted with three factors: The first factor: the type of organic matter (sheep manure and compost), the second factor: the level of organic matter as follows (0.5, 1.0, 1.5)% of the weight of the soil, and the third factor: it included phosphorous levels (0, 40, 80, 120) mg kg−1. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomization design (RCD) with three replications. To reach the field capacity to maintain the humidity of the experimental units, after the end of the incubation period (two months), the samples were air-dried, ground and passed through a sieve with holes (2) mm in diameter, then humic and fulvic acids, soluble, ready-made and organic acids were measured. With water and phosphorous prepared and organic by increasing the level of organic matter added, 1.5% was the best. It was also noted that the best level of phosphorous for the above indicators was the level (120) mg kg−1compared to the rest of the levels, and that sheep manure outperformed the organic fertilizer in all the studied traits. Interventional treatment of 1.5% of the residual organic matter at a level of (120) mg kg−1gave the highest significant effect, and the concentrations of humic and fulvic acid were (8.35 and 2.95) g kg−1respectively. The treatment gave 1.5% organic matter for sheep manure and (120) mg kg−1which is the highest value in the amount of water-soluble, ready-made and organic phosphorus with an average of (13.80, 71.35 and 167.44) mg kg−1respectively.
Epidemiological Study of Common Bacterial and Parasitic Infections in Some Areas of Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Sabry Nuha Nazar , Owaied Yassin Hussein , Mahmoud Ashraf Jamal 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe study was conducted for the period from October 2020 to April 2021 and includes the collection of 450 feces samples from patients visiting Salah El-Din General Hospital. to investigate the spread of bacteria and intestinal parasites. The results showed that the percentage of bacterial infection among males was 19.50% and females 14.83%. As for the parasitic infection, males recorded 12.44% and females 8.71%, and the highest rate of infection with E. Coli bacteria was recorded for the category (1-10) years it reached 8.82%. As for salmonella, the group (21-30) years recorded the highest infection rate of 8.64%. With regard to infection with intestinal parasites, it reached The total infection rate with E. histolytica was 6.88%. The group (1-10) years recorded the highest infection rate of the parasite, which amounted to 13.23%. As for the Giardia parasite, the total infection rate was 2.88%. The group (21-30) years recorded the highest infection rate of 6.17%. As for the months of the study, the highest bacterial and parasitic infection rate was in February, amounting to 22.66% and 16%, respectively.
Effect of Different Harvest Dates on Yield and Quality of Wheat Cultivars Triticum Aestivum L
Authors: Al-husnawy Asmaa Sahib Abd Al-Abbas , Al-refai shaimaa Ibraheem 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Afield experiment was conducted at the Research station of the college of Agriculture - University of Al-Muthanna, in the Northeast of Al-Muthanna Governorate (9 km from center of the city of Samawa), in the seasons (2018-2019) and (2019-2020), to study the effect of four harvest dates and four varieties of wheat on yield and quality characteristics, The experiment was applied according to split-plots design Using the R.C.B.D with three replications, The results of the analysis showed the Significant effect of harvest dates on all studied traits, as the date of the third harvest increased by giving the highest grain yield of 5.01 and 5.32 t h−1 for the two seasons respectively, while the fourth harvest date was superior by giving the highest percentage of dry gluten in the first season amounted to 11.66%. As for the effect of the cultivars, it was noticed that the Babel cultivar was superior in grain yield of 4.81 and 5.04 t ha−1, for the two seasons respectively, while the Bora cultivar gave the highest average weight of 1000 grains for the second season which amounted to 32.68 g, and the percentage of protein in the grains was 12.83% for the second season, and Ash was 1.90 and 1.85% for the two seasons sequentially, while the interaction of the fourth harvest date with Babel cultivar was superior by giving highest weight of 1000 grains in the first season amounted to 33.41 m, while the interaction of the first harvest date with Bora cultivar in the vital yield first season was 16.6 t h−1.
Study of Vegetative Growth Characteristics for Seven Genotypes of Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum L.) Newly Derived Under Three Seeding Ratesin The Conditions of Anbar Governorate
Authors: Al-Haiti M. J. H. , Alubaidi M. O. G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA field experiment was carried out in the fields of a farmer in the area of (Zakhikha) with mixed sandy soil, loam sand, which is one of the rural areas of western Heet district (about 15 kg) affiliated to Anbar Governorate during the season 2020-2021, to study seven newly derived genotypes from durum wheat, including two cultivars. They are registered, accredited, and commonly cultivated in Iraq, under three different seeding Ratesto select the ones that are suitable for the conditions of Anbar Governorate. The experiment layer was according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD), in the order of split - plots and with three replications. It included seeding Rates(140, 160 and 180 kg.ha−1) main plots. As for the sub plots, they were occupied by the seven genotypes (Latifa, genotype Babel-30, genotype Babel-31, genotype Babel-32, genotype Babel-86, and the two approved cultivars Dor-29 and Dor-85): The genotype (Babylon-32) outperformed the means number of tillers (573.3 m2) and the biological yield (22.94 mcg ha−1). While the genotype (Babylon-86) was superior to the plant height (113.02 cm). As for the variety (Dor). -85) It was superior in Flag leaf area (58.12 cm2) and the number of days from planting to 50% of physiological maturity (164.67 days). The genotyped plants of wheat grown with different seeding Rates showed significant differences among themselves in the characteristics of vegetative growth, where the plants grown at a seeding rate of (180 kg ha−1) recorded the highest means in the trait of plant height (105.20 cm), number of tillers/m2(596.9 tillers) and biological yield (23.31 mega grams ha−1), while planting plants at seeding rates (140 kg.ha−1) resulted in recording the highest rate of Flag leaf area (53.85 cm2), while planting plants at seeding rates (160 kg.ha−1) recorded the highest Means number of days from planting to 50% and physiological maturity (167.38 days). There was a significant interaction between the genotypes and seeding Rates of the wheat included in the study.
Selection of Parameters (Heritability, Expected Genetic Advance, Correlations and Genetic Variances) For Introduced Hybrids of Maize Zea Mays L
Authors: Ahmed Shehab Ahmed Rabie , Mohammed Mohammed Ibrahim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A factorial experiment was conducted in Kirkuk govemorate, in which six introduced hybrids (DK 6050, Gimbson, ZP707, ZP6263, Saganto, Glorya) were used, purchased from local markets, and four chemical herbicides (Turkish Nicosulfuron, Rimsulfuron, Atrazine 80%, Nicosulfuron Chinese), as well as a comparison treatment that was purchased from the different original to study growth traits and yield its compound, the effect of each cross, estimation of variances, coefficients of variation, heritability, expected genetic improvement, genetic, environmental and phenotypic correlations for the of herbicides. The results showed that there were significant differences between hybrids in all traits except for the number of grains per ear, index of harvest, and selling %. The highest hybrid ZP707 was in the traits of plant height, ear leaf area, number of ear per plant, ear length, number of grains per row, number of grains per row, number of grains per row, ear weight, biological yield, harvest index and grain yield per plants, as it reached 183.03, 412.00, 1.14, 19.18, 36.97, 568.86, 221.27, 368.39, 59.85 and 205.45, respectively. The genetic correlation of grain yield plant was significant with all traits except the number of leaves per plant, weight of 300 grains, selling %, protein %, and hectoliter, which amounted to -0.406, - 0.385, -1.231, -0.466, -0.546 and -0.807 respectively. The phenotypic correlation of grain yield per plant was significant with all traits except for the number of leaves per plant, the weight of 300 grains, selling %, protein %, and hectoliter, as it amounted to -0.401, -0.332, -0.652, -0.424, -0.514 and -0.652, some of them were not significant and other Negative significant. The environmental correlation of grain yield with the plant was significant with some characteristics such as ear leaf area, number of ears per plant, number of rows per ear, ear weight, and biological yield, which amounted to 0.746, 0.555, 0.542, 0.663, and 0.509, respectively. The highest genetic and phenotypic difference coefficient for a number of grains per ear was 13.80 and 14.37, and the heritability was high in all traits except harvest index and grain yield per plant, which was medium, amounting to 40.15 and 50.35, and selling % and protein % was low, which reached 14.60 and 35.46 respectively, and highest expected genetic improvement for a number of grains per ear was 27.31.
Effect of Magnetization of Nano Fertilization on The Growth and Yield of Wheat Triticum Aestivum L
Authors: Yasir Al-Saidan Khudhair Joudah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in Al-Fadhiliya city, Dhi Qar province during the winter agricultural season 2019 - 2020 for the purpose of studying the effect of magnetization of nano Fertilization on the growth and yield of wheat. The experiment was carried out according to Split Plot Design and using the RCBD Design with three replications. The first factor included Magnetization levels of the Nano Fertilization (Gs) (0 Gs (Gs1),750 Gs (Gs2),1500 Gs (Gs3) for 15 minute (in main plot) while the second factor included the Nano Fertilization levels for (N, P) (F) 1 Kg.ha−1(F1), 1.5 Kg.ha−1(F2), 2 Kg.ha−1(F3)(according to the recommendation of the manufacturer (1 - 2 Kg.ha−1))(in sub plot). Mineral fertilizer add for (N, P) by 120 Kg N.ha−1, 100 Kg P ha−1. Mineral and nano fertilizer section for three growth stages (ZGs21, ZGs32, ZGs49). The results showed a positive response to the studied traits of variety Bohouth 22 (Plant height, number of tillers, number of grains and total grain yield) given the highest averages at the level of magnetism (Gs3) and fertilization level (F3)(109.33 cm, 426.2 tiller.m−2, 73.22 grain. spike−1, 1.859 t.d−1),(108.44 cm, 471.4 tiller.m−2, 77.78 grain. spike−1, 1.915 t.d-1) respectively, while the level of magnetism (Gs1) and fertilization level (F1) giving the lowest averages (95.11 cm, 341.3 tiller.m−2, 60.11 grain. spike−1, 1.437 t.d−1), (96.22 cm, 312.1 tiller.m−2, 54.00 grain. spike−1, 1.412 t.d−1) respectively. The level of magnetism (Gs1) and fertilization level (F1) gave the highest average in weight 1000 grain (43.188, 44.266)g respectively, while the magnetization level (Gs3) and fertilization level (F3) giving the lowest average (42.092,41.182)g respectively. Interaction treatment (Gs3F3) gave the highest average grain yield 2.1773 t.d−1 while the interaction treatment (Gs1F1) gave the lowest average attained 1.218 t.d−1.
Numerical Investigation of the Shallow Water Effect on the Total Resistance, Vertical Motion and Wave Profile of a Container Ship Model
Authors: Bekhit A , Popescu F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A ship sailing in shallow water is affected by the interaction between the moving hull and the seabed in different forms such as: significant increase in total resistance, increase in the sinkage and trim that may result in squatting effect, a change in wave pattern and increased wave amplitude, a change in the propeller wake field and an altered propeller and manoeuvring performance. In order to investigate the influence of shallow water on a container ship that is assumed to be subjected to work in different water depths, the KRISO container ship model is analysed in both deep and shallow water, with a special focus on the change in resistance, vertical motion and wave profile. A viscous flow simulation is performed first to predict the ship performance in deep water and the results are compared with the experimental data that are available in the public domain. Then, the critical shallow water condition is investigated and the obtained results are compared against those formerly obtained in deep water. The numerical simulations are performed using the viscous flow solver ISIS-CFD of the FINETM/Marine software provided by NUMECA. The solver is based on the finite volume method to build the spatial discretization of the transport equation in order to solve the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. Closure to turbulence is achieved using the Menter Shear Stress Transport (K-ω SST) model, while the free-surface is captured through an air-water interface based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. The comparison between the numerically obtained results and the available EFD data showed a satisfactory congruence.