bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of sustainable performance index based on production, reproduction, health and longevity for genetic improvement of Sahiwal cattle
Authors: Ratwan Poonam , Chakravarty A.K. , Kumar Manoj 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn attempt was made for the first time in India to develop the performance indices for quantifying the relative emphasis to be given to production, reproduction, health and longevity traits for selection and genetic improvement of Sahiwal cattle in a sustainable manner. The study was conducted using information related to various production, reproduction, health and longevity traits spread over a period of 29 years in Sahiwal cattle. Using income and expenditure method, the relative economic values for 305 days milk yield (305DMY), average daily milk yield (ADMY), calving to first insemination interval (CFI), days open (DO) and longevity (LNG) were estimated as 1, 1, −6.62, −6.62 and 5.96 in Sahiwal cattle. A total of three performance indices were constructed using three‐trait combination, that is production, reproduction and longevity before and after excluding the days suffered by the animals. Correlation between the aggregate genotype and index (RIH) was computed to determine the accuracy of each performance index, and based on highest RIH value, best performance index was identified for selection of Sahiwal cattle. Developed indices were further assessed for robustness by increasing the relative economic values of the traits by 25% and 50%. The performance index (305DMY, DO and LNG) was found to be the best index before as well as after excluding days suffered by the animals, but in later case emphasis to be given to different traits was found to be more balanced. The best index indicated that about 47, 42 and 11% relative emphasis to be assigned to 305 days milk yield, days open and longevity for selection of Sahiwal animals for sustainable genetic improvement.
Exchange rate flexibility, the real exchange rate, and adjustment to terms‐of‐trade shocks
Authors: Carrière‐Swallow Yan , Magud Nicolás E. , Yépez Juan F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study the impact of exogenous terms‐of‐trade shocks in a large sample of small open economies. Using a panel vector autoregression, we estimate the response of domestic variables including the exchange rate, output, exports, imports, and domestic demand, allowing impulse responses to vary according to the de facto exchange rate regime. We find strong evidence that flexible exchange rate regimes play a shock‐absorbing role by reducing the response of output to terms‐of‐trade shocks. Results show that flexible regimes see a stronger response of the real exchange rate and faster external adjustment, suggestive of a mechanism that switches expenditure from imported to domestically‐produced goods.
Assessing Daily Patterns Using Home Activity Sensors and Within Period Changepoint Detection
Authors: Taylor Simon A. C. , Killick Rebecca , Burr Jonathan , Rogerson Louise 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We consider the problem of ascertaining daily patterns using passive sensors to establish a baseline for elderly people living alone. The data are whether or not some movement, or human related activity, has occurred in the previous 15 min. We seek to segment the broad patterns within a day, for example, awake/sleep times or potentially more activity around meal-times. To address this problem we use changepoint detection which can segment the day into more/less active times. Traditional changepoint detection methods are inappropriate for these data as they fail to utilize the periodic nature of the data. The traditional assumption of conditional independence of the segments also hampers estimation of the within segment parameters. A new within-period changepoint detection scheme is proposed that instead assumes a circular perspective of the time axis. This permits the pooling of evidence of changepoint events from across multiple days. Inference is performed within the Bayesian framework by utilizing the reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler to explore the variable dimension parameter space. Simulations demonstrate that the sampler achieves high accuracy in approximating the posterior while being able to detect small segments. Application to four individuals from our industrial collaborator provides insights to their daily patterns.
Using ordinal regression for advancing the understanding of distinct suicide outcomes
Authors: Jacobucci Ross , Ammerman Brooke A. , Li Xiaobei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveAs recent advances in suicide research have underscored the importance of studying distinct suicide outcomes (i.e., suicidal thinking vs. behavior), there is a need to consider the theoretical meaningfulness of our statistical approach(es). As an alternative to more popular statistical methods, we introduce ordinal regression, detailing specific forms that are well‐aligned to examine outcomes specific to suicide research.MethodOrdinal regression models allow for assessment of the influences of covariates on the experience of lower (i.e., suicidal ideation) to higher (i.e., suicidal planning) suicide risk outcomes.ResultsAs an empirical application, we fit a sequential ordinal regression model with 17 theoretically selected covariates and modeled category specific effects for each covariate.ConclusionsResults detailed from depression and presence of nonsuicidal self‐injury demonstrate the utility of ordinal regression in consideration of transitions across suicide outcomes. Ordinal regression models may be particularly informative in identifying risk factors unique to each suicide outcome, which has the potential to meaningfully inform theoretical models of suicide and suicide risk prediction.
High strain rate elasto‐plasticity identification using the image‐based inertial impact (IBII) test part 1: Error quantification
Authors: Fletcher Lloyd , Davis Frances , Dreuilhe Sarah , Marek Aleksander , Pierron Fabrice 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCurrent high strain rate testing procedures generally rely on the split Hopkinson bar (SHB). In order to gain accurate material data with this technique, it is necessary to assume the test sample is in a state of quasi‐static equilibrium so that inertial effects can be neglected. During the early portion of an SHB test, it is difficult to satisfy this assumption making it challenging to investigate the elastic–plastic transition for metals. With the development of ultra‐high speed imaging technology, the image‐based inertial impact (IBII) test has emerged as an alternative to the SHB. This technique uses full‐field measurements coupled with the virtual fields method to identify material properties without requiring the assumption of quasi‐static equilibrium.The purpose of this work is to develop the IBII method for the identification of elasto‐plasticity in metals. In this paper (part 1), the focus is on using synthetic image deformation simulations to analyse identification errors for two plasticity models, a simple linear hardening model and a modified Voce model. Additionally, two types of virtual fields are investigated, a simple rigid body virtual field and the recently developed sensitivity‐based virtual fields. The results of these simulations are then used to select optimal processing parameters for the experimental data analysed in part 2.
Clinical application of the smallI‐Locinterlocking nail in 30 feline fractures: A prospective study
Authors: Marturello Danielle M. , Perry Karen L. , Déjardin Loïc M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe medium‐term functional outcome after nail osteosynthesis in feline traumatology and report clinically relevant recommendations for I‐Loc angle‐stable interlocking nail use in cats.Study designProspective clinical study.Sample populationClient‐owned cats (n = 29).MethodsConsecutive cases with femoral, tibial, or humeral fractures were included. Outcome measures included fracture and surgical procedure description, limb alignment, nail size vs body weight (BW), percentage of nail medullary canal (MC) fill, time to limb function at clinical union (CU), and complications. Descriptive statistics were reported and compared with historical data.ResultsBone distribution was 53.3% femora, 30% tibiae, and 16.7% humeri. There were six epimetaphyseal and 24 diaphyseal fractures. Overall, 67% of fractures were comminuted. Open reduction and minimally invasive techniques were used in 73% and 27% of cases, respectively. Seventeen I‐Loc 3 (cat mean BW 4.4 ± 2.2 kg) and 13 I‐Loc 4 (cat mean BW 5.2 ± 1.2 kg) nails were placed with mean MC fill of ≤50%. Average time to CU was 7.2 weeks. At CU, lameness had resolved or was mild in every cat, and all cats ultimately regained full limb function. No major complications were encountered.ConclusionBecause of improved CU times, excellent functional outcomes, and low complication rate, our results provide evidence that I‐Loc nails are safe and effective for feline traumatology.Clinical significanceThe I‐Loc may be advantageous for fixation of epimetaphyseal fractures. Because of feline bone specific dimensional constraints, I‐Loc 3 is likely appropriate for all feline humeri and most tibiae, while I‐Loc 4 is well sized for feline femora.
J‐incision to approach the cranial abdomen in the adult horse
Authors: Bauck Anje G. , Nelson Elizabeth , McLain Andrew , Cock Gemma , Sanchez Linda C. , Freeman David E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a modified celiotomy to improve access to cranial abdominal structures in horses.AnimalsFour horses.Study designShort case series.MethodsThree horses with gastric impactions were treated with gastrotomies. One horse was treated for a diaphragmatic hernia with herniorrhaphy and mesh augmentation. In all horses, the ventral midline celiotomy was modified cranially with a J‐incision through the body wall, along the paracostal arch.ResultsThe only surgical complications were midline incisional infections in all horses.Three of the four horses had good long‐term outcomes; the remaining horse underwent euthanasia for reasons likely unrelated to incisional complications.ConclusionThe J‐incision improved access to the stomach and diaphragm in these horses. The paracostal component healed in all cases without evidence of infection or dehiscence.Clinical significanceThis modified celiotomy may be considered to improve access during gastrotomy and repair of dorsally located diaphragmatic hernias.
Multivariate analysis of the systemic response to auditory stimulation: An integrative approach
Authors: Muñoz‐Caracuel Manuel , Muñoz Vanesa , Ruíz‐Martínez Francisco J. , Di Domenico Dalila , Brigadoi Sabrina , Gómez Carlos M. 
Published: February 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Auditory stimulation produces a response in different physiological systems: cardiac, peripheral blood flow, electrodermal, cortical and peripheral haemodynamic responses and auditory event‐related potentials. Do all these subsystems covary when responding to auditory stimulation, suggesting a unified locus of control, or do they not covary, suggesting independent loci of control for these physiological responses?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Auditory sensory gating reached a fixed level of neural activity independently of the intensity of auditory stimulation. The use of multivariate techniques revealed the presence of different regulatory mechanisms for the different physiologically recorded signals.

AbstractWe studied the effects of an increasing amplitude of auditory stimulation on a variety of autonomic and CNS responses and their possible interdependence. The subjects were stimulated with an increasing amplitude of auditory tones while the auditory event‐related potentials (ERPs), the cortical and extracerebral functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signal of standard and short separation channel recordings, the peripheral pulse measured by photoplethysmography, heart rate and electrodermal responses were recorded. Trials with eight tones of equal amplitude were presented. The results showed a parallel increase of activity in ERPs, fNIRS and peripheral responses with the increase in intensity of auditory stimulation. The ERPs, measured as peak‐to‐peak N1–P2, showed an increase in amplitude with auditory stimulation and a high attenuation from the first presentation with respect to the second to eighth presentations. Peripheral signals and standard and short channel fNIRS responses showed a decrease in amplitude in the high‐intensity auditory stimulation conditions. Principal components analysis showed independent sources of variance for the recorded signals, suggesting independent control of the recorded physiological responses. The present results suggest a complex response associated to the increase of auditory stimulation with a fixed amplitude for ERPs, and a decrease in the peripheral and cortical haemodynamic response, possibly mediated by activation of the sympathetic nervous system, constituting a defensive reflex to excessive auditory stimulation.
Extended Fractional-Order Jeffreys Model of Viscoelastic Hydraulic Cylinder
Authors: Ruderman Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A novel modeling approach for viscoelastic hydraulic cylinders, with negligible inertial forces, is proposed, based on the extended fractional-order Jeffreys model. Analysis and physical reasoning for the parameter constraints and order of the fractional derivatives are provided. Comparison between the measured and computed frequency response functions and time domain transient response argues in favor of the proposed four-parameter fractional-order model.
Design of Transformable Hinged Ori-Block Dissected from Cylinders and Cones
Authors: Jia Guanglu , Huang Hailin , Guo Hongwei , Li Bing , Dai Jian S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Design strategies for foldable mechanisms have been developed with inspiration from origami. In this study, we investigate a new direction that blocks are folded in a way that origami folds as the ori-blocks to generate a new type of foldable mechanisms consisting of multiple blocks. During the investigation, we propose a design approach to construct ori-blocks dissected from cylinders and cones, where “ori” is derived from the word “origami” in its original meaning as “folding”. In this way, we cut the solids into six portions and assign rotation axes to assemble the portions into movable blocks. Interestingly, this connects the Bricard classical linkages developed in 1897 to these ori-blocks with coincidence of the position and orientation of the axes when the blocks are replaced by links. The study bridges the gap between ori-blocks, origami, and mechanisms, which proposes a set of novel reconfigurable mechanisms as ori-blocks. As spatial linkages have been widely used in a broad range of technical fields, we anticipate that ori-blocks will find several potential applications owing to their kinematics in reconfigurability.
Favoring Complexity: A Mixed Methods Exploration of Factors That Influence Concept Selection When Designing for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Prabhu Rohan , Leguarda Rainmar L. , Miller Scarlett R. , Simpson Timothy W. , Meisel Nicholas A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The capabilities of additive manufacturing (AM) open up designers’ solution space and enable them to build designs previously impossible through traditional manufacturing (TM). To leverage this design freedom, designers must emphasize opportunistic design for AM (DfAM), i.e., design techniques that leverage AM capabilities. Additionally, designers must also emphasize restrictive DfAM, i.e., design considerations that account for AM limitations, to ensure that their designs can be successfully built. Therefore, designers must adopt a “dual” design mindset—emphasizing both, opportunistic and restrictive DfAM—when designing for AM. However, to leverage AM capabilities, designers must not only generate creative ideas for AM but also select these creative ideas during the concept selection stage. Design educators must specifically emphasize selecting creative ideas in DfAM, as ideas perceived as infeasible through the traditional design for manufacturing lens may now be feasible with AM. This emphasis could prevent creative but feasible ideas from being discarded due to their perceived infeasibility. While several studies have discussed the role of DfAM in encouraging creative idea generation, there is a need to investigate concept selection in DfAM. In this paper, we investigated the effects of four variations in DfAM education: (1) restrictive, (2) opportunistic, (3) restrictive followed by opportunistic (R-O), and (4) opportunistic followed by restrictive (O-R), on students’ concept selection process. We compared the creativity of the concepts generated by students to the creativity of the concepts they selected. The creativity of designs was measured on four dimensions: (1) uniqueness, (2) usefulness, (3) technical goodness, and (4) overall creativity. We also performed qualitative analyses to gain insight into the rationale provided by students when making their design decisions. From the results, we see that only teams from the restrictive and dual O-R groups selected ideas of higher uniqueness and overall creativity. In contrast, teams from the dual R-O DfAM group selected ideas of lower uniqueness compared with the mean uniqueness of ideas generated. Finally, we see that students trained in opportunistic DfAM emphasized minimizing build material the most, whereas those trained only in restrictive DfAM emphasized minimizing build time. These results highlight the need for DfAM education to encourage AM designers to not just generate creative ideas but also have the courage to select them for the next stage of design.
Crystal Plasticity Modeling of Laser Peening Effects on Tensile and High Cycle Fatigue Properties of 2024-T351 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Toursangsaraki Maziar , Wang Huamiao , Hu Yongxiang , Karthik Dhandapanik 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aims to model the effects of multiple laser peening (LP) on the mechanical properties of AA2024-T351 by including the material microstructure and residual stresses using the crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM). In this approach, the LP-induced compressive residual stress distribution is modeled through the insertion of the Eigenstrains as a function of depth, which is calibrated by the X-ray measured residual stresses. The simulated enhancement in the tensile properties after LP, caused by the formation of a near-surface work-hardened layer, fits the experimentally obtained tensile curves. The model calculated fatigue indicator parameters (FIPs) under the following cyclic loading application show a decrease in the near-surface driving forces for the crystal slip deformation after the insertion of the Eigenstrains. This leads to a higher high cycle fatigue (HCF) resistance and the possible transformation of sensitive locations for fatigue failure further to the depth after LP. Experimental observations on the enhancement in the HCF life, along with the relocation of fatigue crack nucleation sites further to the depth, reveal the improvement in the HCF properties due to the LP process and validate the numerical approach.
Experimental Heat Transfer and Boundary Layer Measurements on a Ceramic Matrix Composite Surface
Authors: Wilkins Peter H. , Lynch Stephen P. , Thole Karen A. , Quach San , Vincent Tyler 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are quickly becoming more prevalent in the design of gas turbines due to their advantageous weight and thermal properties. While there are many advantages, the CMC surface morphology differs from that of conventional cast airfoil components. Despite a great deal of research focused on the material properties of CMCs, little public work has been done to investigate the impact that the CMC surface morphology has on the boundary layer development and resulting heat transfer. In this study, a scaled-up CMC weave pattern was developed and tested in a low-speed wind tunnel to evaluate both heat transfer and boundary layer characteristics. Results from these experiments indicate that the CMC weave pattern results in augmented heat transfer and flow field properties that significantly vary locally when compared with a smooth surface.
Physical Demands and Internal Response in Football Sessions According to Tactical Periodization
Authors: Guridi Lopategui Ibai , Castellano Paulis Julen , Echeazarra Escudero Ibon 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The objectives of the present study were (1) to analyze the internal and external load profile of training and competition carried out by semiprofessional football players during a 27-week period and (2) to examine the possible link between this type of periodization and players’ fitness status and their readiness to compete. Methods: Training and match data were obtained from 26 semiprofessional football players belonging to the reserve squad of a Spanish La Liga club during the 2018/19 season. For the purpose of this study, the distribution of external and internal load during a typical training microcycle, with 6 or 7 days between matches, was analyzed. Five types of sessions were considered: strength, duration, velocity, preofficial match, and official match. Results: The results showed a different internal and external load profile for each type of session, with the load being consistently higher during matches when compared with training sessions (28.9%–94% higher), showing significant differences in all the variables. There was a clear tapering strategy in the last days of the week to arrive with enough freshness to compete, shown by the decrease of the values in the 2 days before the match (15%–83% reduction, depending on the variable). Furthermore, the horizontal alternation of the load allowed the players to maintain their fitness level during the 27-week period. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that this weekly periodization approach could help achieve a double conditional target, allowing a short tapering strategy to face the match with enough freshness and serving as a strategy for maintaining or optimizing players’ physical performance during the season.