bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferring time averaging and hiatus durations in the stratigraphic record of high‐frequency depositional sequences
Authors: Tomašových Adam , Gallmetzer Ivo , Haselmair Alexandra , Zuschin Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA sequence stratigraphic framework predicts that time averaging and hiatus durations will be long at times of fastest sea‐level rise. This prediction does not necessarily apply to environments where carbonate production keeps up with sea‐level rise and where undetected hiatuses decouple short‐term from long‐term sedimentation rates. The taphonomic clock, however, which measures the residence time of skeletal particles in the mixed layer, can estimate the duration of hiatuses if the rate of skeletal alteration is slow and if skeletal particles endure long‐term exposure in the mixed layer. Here, time averaging is calibrated by using evidence from alteration of bivalves in a metre‐scale Holocene sequence in the Adriatic Sea. In this sequence, transgressive molluscan lags, a maximum‐flooding zone shell bed with bivalves, and highstand bryomol assemblages were all deposited under similar long‐term sedimentation rates (ca0.01 to 0.03 cm year−1) and exhibit millennial time averaging. Median ages of valves stained by pyrite and cemented by high‐magnesium calcitic micritic envelopes exceedingca1000 years indicate that: (i) these authigenic processes are slow in subsurface zones with reducing conditions (with prolonged sulphate reduction and carbonate ions sourced from dissolved shells in the surface zones); and (ii) subsurface micrite precipitation prolongs the disintegration half‐lives of valves exhumed to surface zones from decades to millennia. The high abundance of stained valves, valves with micrite envelopes, and valves with composite alteration (encrusters and borers colonizing stained and cemented grains) thus identifies hiatuses and skeletal concentrations time‐averaged to >1000 years. The upcore decrease in abundance of valves with composite alteration, coupled with temporally‐constant long‐term sedimentation rates and time averaging, indicates that a temporal decline in sediment exhumation was compensated by a decline in burial of skeletal carbonate produced by molluscs.
Elastic Fibres in the subcutaneous tissue: Is there a difference between superficial and muscular fascia? A cadaver study
Authors: Pirri Carmelo , Fede Caterina , Petrelli Lucia , Guidolin Diego , Fan Chenglei , De Caro Raffaele , Stecco Carla 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn last years the role of fascia in proprioception and pain has been confirmed in numerous papers, but the real structure of fasciae is not still entirely known. To date, many studies have evaluated the elastic fibres in arteries, ligaments, lungs, epidermis and dermis, but only two studies exist about the elastic fibres in the fasciae, and they did not distinguish between superficial (in the subcutaneous tissue) and deep/muscular fasciae. The aim of the study was to assess the percentage of elastic fibres between superficial and deep fascia.Materials and methodsThree full thickness specimens (proximal, middle and distal respectively) were taken from each of four regions of the thigh of three non‐embalmed cadavers: the anterior (Ant), the lateral (Lat), the posterior (Post) and the medial (Med) aspect. Thus, a total of 12 specimens were collected from each analysed thigh and histological Weigert Van Gieson stains was performed. Three sections per specimen were considered for the morphometric analysis.ResultsIn all the specimens the superficial and deep fasciae were clearly recognizable. The difference in percentage of elastic fibres between superficial and deep fasciae in same region for all four was highly significant (p < 0.001). They are abundant in the superficial fascia than deep fascia.ConclusionsIn the light of these findings is evident that the superficial (in the subcutaneous tissue) and deep fasciae have different elasticity. This difference may improve grading of fascial dysfunction in dermatological diseases as burns, scars and lymphedema to better plan treatments.
Discriminative deep learning based benignity/malignancy diagnosis of dermatologic ultrasound skin lesions with pretrained artificial intelligence architecture
Authors: Laverde‐Saad Alexandra , Jfri Abdulhadi , García Rubén , Salgüero Irene , Martínez Constanza , Cembrero Hirune , Roustán Gastón , Alfageme Fernando 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDeep‐learning algorithms (DLAs) have been used in artificial intelligence aided ultrasonography diagnosis of thyroid and breast lesions. However, its use has not been described in the case of dermatologic ultrasound lesions. Our purpose was to train a DLA to discriminate benign form malignant lesions in dermatologic ultrasound images.Materials and methodsWe trained a prebuilt neural network architecture (EfficientNet B4) in a commercial artificial intelligence platform (Peltarion, Stockholm, Sweden) with 235 color Doppler images of both benign and malignant ultrasound images of 235 excised and histologically confirmed skin lesions (84.3% training, 15.7% validation). An additional 35 test images were used for testing the algorithm discrimination for correct benign/malignant diagnosis. One dermatologist with more than 5 years of experience in dermatologic ultrasound blindly evaluated the same 35 test images for malignancy or benignity.ResultsEfficientNet B4 trained dermatologic ultrasound algorithm sensitivity; specificity; predictive positive values, and predicted negative values for validation algorithm were 0.8, 0.86, 0.86, and 0.8, respectively for malignancy diagnosis. When tested with 35 previously unevaluated images sets, the algorithm´s accuracy for correct benign/malignant diagnosis was 77.1%, not statistically significantly different from the dermatologist's evaluation (74.1%).ConclusionAn adequately trained algorithm, even with a limited number of images, is at least as accurate as a dermatologic‐ultrasound experienced dermatologist in the evaluation of benignity/malignancy of ultrasound skin tumor images devoid of clinical data.
Geographic Stories of Survival: Reconstructing Multiple Relations and Creating Spaces for Environmental Justice
Authors: Ishiyama Noriko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElvin Wyly's paper raises important questions on the complicated and oftentimes contentious processes regarding the evolution of geographic thought at this particular moment during the pandemic era. Taking his invitation to ‘find better ways of evolving together on a precarious planet’, I would like to present some stories gleaned from my research on US nuclear development, which in itself represents a complicated process of evolution situated in the settler‐colonial Anthropocene. I would argue that we may be able to find some ways to survive by nurturing and recovering multiple relations with humans and non‐humans, both living and the dead, and also by exploring the meanings of and creating spaces for environmental justice.
About the Criteria for the Choice of Materials to Protect Against the Mechanical Dynamic Loading
Authors: Shevchenko V. Ya. , Oryshchenko A. S. , Perevislov S. N. , Sil’nikov M. V. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A criterion for the selection of materials to protect against the mechanical dynamic loading is proposed and substantiated. The mechanisms of the fracture of brittle ceramic materials that are widely used in structures that prevent penetration and are very common in practice are discussed. Unlike other estimates, the proposed formula is based on the physical principle of comparing the total energies of loading and obstacles, and is in good agreement with the experimental data.
Multi-particle production in proton–nucleus collisions in the color glass condensate
Authors: Agostini Pedro , Altinoluk Tolga , Armesto Néstor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe compute multi-gluon production in the Color Glass Condensate approach in dilute-dense collisions, $$\hbox {p}A$$

p
A

, extending previous calculations up to four gluons. We include the contributions that are leading in the overlap area of the collision but keep all orders in the expansion in the number of colors. We develop a diagrammatic technique to write the numerous color contractions and exploit the symmetries to group the diagrams and simplify the expressions. To proceed further, we use the McLerran–Venugopalan and Golec–Biernat–Wüsthoff models for the projectile and target averages, respectively. We use a form of the Lipatov vertices that leads to the Wigner function approach for the projectile previously employed, that we generalise to take into account quantum correlations in the projectile wave function. We provide analytic expressions for integrated and differential two gluon cumulants and show a smooth dependence on the parameters defining the projectile and target Wigner function and dipole, respectively. For four gluon correlations we find that the second order four particle cumulant is negative, so a sensible second Fourier azimuthal coefficient can be defined. The effect of correlations in the projectile on this result results qualitatively and quantitatively large.
LREE of an unstable dressed-dynamical Dp-brane: superstring calculations
Authors: Teymourtashlou Shirin , Kamani Davoud 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe obtain the left-right entanglement entropy (LREE) for a Dp-brane with tangential motion in the presence of a U(1) gauge potential, the Kalb–Ramond field and an open string tachyon field. Thus, at first we extract the Rényi entropy and then by taking a special limit of it we acquire the entanglement entropy. We shall investigate the behavior of the LREE under the tachyon condensation phenomenon. We observe that the deformation of the LREE, through this process, reveals the collapse of the brane. Besides, we examine the second law of thermodynamics for the LREE under tachyon condensation, and we extract the imposed constraints. Note that our calculations will be in the context of the type IIA/IIB superstring theories.
Complexity growth of massive black hole with a probe string
Authors: Zhou Yu-Ting , Kuang Xiao-Mei , Wu Jian-Pin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, we study the computational complexity of massive gravity theory via the “Complexity = Action” conjecture. Our system contains a particle moving on the boundary of the black hole spacetime. It is dual to inserting a fundamental string in the bulk background. Then this string would contribute a Nambu–Goto term, such that the total action is composed of the Einstein–Hilbert term, Nambu–Goto term and the boundary term. We shall investigate the time development of this system, and mainly discuss the features of the Nambu–Goto term affected by the graviton mass and the horizon curvature in different dimensions. Our study could contribute interesting properties of complexity.
A Technoeconomic Feasibility Analysis for Affordable Energy System in the East African Community Countries
Authors: Bimenyimana Samuel , Wang Chen , Asemota Godwin Norense Osarumwense , Nduwamungu Aphrodis , Mesa Cicilia Kemunto , Ihirwe Jeanne Paula , Niyonteze Jean De Dieu , Bora Shilpi , Ho Chun-Ling , Hagumimana Noel , Mo Yiyi 
Published: August 2021

Access to energy is among the key pillars to socioeconomic and improved life style. The East African Community (EAC) countries, also members of sub-Saharan Africa, are among countries with enough energy resources but still struggling with low electricity access, and the lower proportion of citizens with electricity access challenges such as expensive tariff, frequent blackouts, and unreliable service still persists. Diesel technology is among the easy and fast installation technologies for a location with an urgent need of electricity while solar is a clean technology with free fuel. Considering the diversity of electricity tariffs, cost of diesel fuel, and suitability to solar energy exploitation in EAC, this paper intends to provide a technoeconomic analysis for reliable, affordable, and sustainable energy system in the region. A daily load of 94.44 kWh recorded from averaging electricity bills of a luxury house in Kigali, Rwanda, is used as research object, and HOMER simulations are carried on considering the level of such daily load being supplied by either (a) diesel generator, (b)

solar
+
diesel

technology, (c)

PV
+
battery

storage, or (d)

PV
+
battery

storage
+
grid

system in each member country of the EAC. The results show that (a) solar energy is a feasible and applicable technology for energy generation for the whole six EAC countries; (b) for South Sudan, if it is a standalone system, the diesel technology is less costly than solar technology; however, solar energy can still be recommended to be adopted as it has no gas emissions; (c) except South Sudan,

PV
+
battery

storage technology is found to be more affordable and cleaner than any technology including diesel; and (d) the option of connecting

PV
+
battery

storage to the grid is found more economical for locations where grid interaction is possible because their levelized electricity costs (LCOE) are lower than the real electricity tariffs currently in use within each of the six EAC countries. The solar energy system with battery storage (both off-grid and grid connected) proposed in this research can lead to an efficient increase of national energy resource exploitation in the EAC countries, resulting in reliable, affordable, and sustainable energy access to all the citizenry of the EAC.
Novel Paracrine Action of Endothelium Enhances Glucose Uptake in Muscle and Fat
Authors: Viswambharan Hema , Yuldasheva Nadira Y. , Imrie Helen , Bridge Katherine , Haywood Natalie J. , Skromna Anna , Hemmings Karen E. , Clark Emily R. , Gatenby V. Kate , Cordell Paul , Simmons Katie J. , Makava Natallia , Abudushalamu Yilizila , Endesh Naima , Brown Jane , Walker Andrew M.N. , Futers Simon T. , Porter Karen E. , Cubbon Richard M. , Naseem Khalid , Shah Ajay M. , Beech David J. , Wheatcroft Stephen B. , Kearney Mark T. , Sukumar Piruthivi 
Published: August 2021

Rationale:
A hallmark of type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance, which leads to increased endothelial cell (EC) production of superoxide and a simultaneous reduction in the availability of the vasoprotective signaling radical NO. We recently demonstrated in preclinical models that type 2 diabetes simultaneously causes resistance to IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1)–mediated glucose lowering and endothelial NO release.

Objective:
To examine the effect of insulin and IGF-1 resistance specifically in ECs in vivo.

Methods and Results:

We generated mice expressing mIGF-1Rs (mouse IGF-1 receptors), which form nonfunctioning hybrid receptors with native IRs (insulin receptors) and IGF-1R, directed to ECs under control of the
Tie2
promoter-enhancer. Despite EC insulin and IGF-1 resistance, mIGFREO (mutant IGF-1R EC overexpressing) mice had enhanced insulin and IGF-1–mediated systemic glucose disposal, lower fasting free fatty acids, and triglycerides. In hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies, mIGFREO had increased glucose disposal and increased glucose uptake into muscle and fat, in response to insulin. mIGFREO had increased Nox (NADPH oxidase)-4 expression due to reduced expression of the microRNA, miR-25. Consistent with increased Nox4, mIGFREO ECs generated increased hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
), with no increase in superoxide. Treatment with catalase—a H
2
O
2
dismutase—restored insulin tolerance to WT (wild type) levels in mIGFREO.

Conclusions:

Combined insulin and IGF-1 resistance restricted to the endothelium leads to a potentially favorable adaptation in contrast to pure insulin resistance, with increased Nox4-derived H
2
O
2
generation mediating enhanced whole-body insulin sensitivity.
Admission Hyperglycemia is Associated with Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events Score and Complications Following Acute Myocardial Infarction During 1-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Qin Yuhan , Qiao Yong , Wang Dong , Tang Chengchun , Yan Gaoliang 
Published: August 2021

We explored the effect of admission hyperglycemia (AH) on the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) incidence during 1-year follow-up in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. In this retrospective observational study enrolling 1098 AMI patients, hyperglycemia was defined as blood glucose level ≥180 mg/dl at admission. Overall, 158 and 84 patients of 272 diabetic and 826 non-diabetic patients were diagnosed with AH, respectively. Glucose levels at admission were closely associated with the GRACE score in patients with/without diabetes. MACCEs occurred in 222 patients; patients with AH showed significantly higher MACCE incidence (28.1%). Multivariate Cox logistic regression analysis indicated that AH was an independent risk factor for 1-year MACCEs. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that hyperglycemia increases MACCE risk in non-diabetic patients but not in diabetic patients. The admission glucose level combined with GRACE risk score showed a certain predictive value for MACCE incidence according to ROC analysis (OR = 0.798, p < .001). AH was strongly associated with a higher GRACE risk score in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients. Thus, AH was an independent risk factor and had a high predictive value for MACCE during 1-year follow-up after AMI.
Partial Rotator Cuff Repair With Biceps Rerouting and Double Tenodesis: An Efficient and Cost-Effective Biological Superior Capsular Reconstruction
Authors: Lannes Xavier , Traverso Aurélien , Coron Charline , Blakeney William G. , Bauer Stefan 
Published: August 2021

Background: Chronic rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are common and are often only partially repairable. Surgical treatment is challenging in younger patients. Surgical options include partial repair, tendon transfer, subacromial spacer, superior capsular reconstruction (SCR), and reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The use of SCR has been expanded and commercialized. The proposed techniques are complex using free avascular grafts and up to 7 anchors with associated increase in theater time and nonrefunded cost. Biceps SCR has shown promising biomechanical resistance and seems to offer a simple and cost-effective alternative. Indications: Patients with RCTs (Goutallier stage ≥3, Patte 3) without arthritis that are at least partially repairable (infraspinatus and subscapularis) are candidates. Patients with mechanically intact long head of biceps (LHB) and superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) anchor (minimal fraying of <10% and fraying of SLAP without full-thickness tears acceptable) are also candidates. Technique: Key steps include arthroscopic release/lateral opening of the bicipital grove (15-20 mm) and placement of a first footprint anchor 8 to 10 mm posterior to the anatomical sulcus. Use of a 5-mm burr to create a new rerouting groove obliquely from the first anchor to the original groove, 15 to 20 mm caudal to the summit of the tubercle. Lasso-loop translation and tenodesis of the LHB to the first anchor. Use of a second caudal biceps tenodesis anchor with lasso-loops at the caudal end of the new groove. These 2 anchors create a rerouting bipedicle tenodesis performing the function of both an SCR and biceps tenodesis. Single-row, tension-free over-the-top repair of infraspinatus and the bursal layer of supraspinatus is completed with a third anchor on the rerouted biceps which remains in continuity. Results: The pilot series (n = 10) with a mean follow-up of 12 months (9-18 months) shows satisfactory outcomes. One patient developed a postoperative frozen shoulder and one a secondary Popeye deformity. Functional scores and patient satisfaction improved in all cases. The subjective shoulder value improved from a mean of 30% (10%-40%) preoperatively to 75% (60%-80%) postoperatively and the constant score from 30 points (20-40) to 68 points (60-71). Conclusion: As long as LHB and its SLAP anchor are adequate, biceps rerouting in combination with partial rotator cuff repair is a safe alternative to time-consuming and expensive commercialized SCR techniques.
Increasing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is associated with sex-dependent differences in early childhood growth: the GUSTO mother-offspring cohort study
Authors: Ong Judith , Sadananthan Suresh Anand , Soh Shu-E , Ng Sharon , Yuan Wen Lun , Aris Izzuddin M , Tint Mya Thway , Michael Navin , Loy See Ling , Tan Kok Hian , Godfrey Keith M , Shek Lynette P , Yap Fabian , Lee Yung Seng , Chong Yap Seng , Chan Shiao-Yng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is common and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Longer-term offspring outcomes are also not well documented. This study aimed to determine if NVP, even in milder forms, is associated with adverse pregnancy and childhood growth outcomes.

Methods
In the GUSTO prospective mother-offspring cohort, women with singleton pregnancies (n = 1172) recruited in first trimester responded to interviewer-administered questions at 26–28 weeks’ gestation about earlier episodes of NVP since becoming pregnant. Pregnancy outcomes were obtained from medical records. Offspring height and weight measured at 15 time-points between birth to 72 months (m) were standardised for age and sex.

Results
58.5% (n = 686) reported mild-moderate vomiting (mNVP), 10.5% (n = 123) severe vomiting (sNVP) and 5.7% (n = 67) severe vomiting with hospitalisation (shNVP). There was no difference in odds of gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, labour induction or caesarean section after adjustment for covariates. sNVP was associated with late preterm delivery [34+ 0–36+ 6 weeks’, adjusted OR = 3.04 (95% CI 1.39,6.68)], without increased odds of neonatal unit admission. Compared with no NVP, boys born to mothers with sNVP were longer at birth [adjusted β = 0.38 standard deviations (SDs) (95% CI 0.02,0.73)], remained taller [0.64 SDs (0.23,1.04) at 72 m] and heavier [0.57 SDs (0.05,1.08) at 60 m] without differences in BMI. Conversely, girls born to mothers with shNVP were lighter from 48 m [− 0.52 SDs (− 1.00, − 0.03)] onwards with lower BMI [− 0.61 SDs (− 1.12,-0.09)]. Conditional growth modelling revealed significant sex-divergence in weight-gain at birth-3 m, 6-9 m and 4–5 years.

Conclusions
Severe NVP was associated with late preterm delivery, and both mild-moderate and severe NVP associated with sex-dependent differences in early childhood growth. Boys whose mothers had NVP were taller and heavier from birth with faster growth in the first year, whereas, girls had poorer weight gain and were lighter by 48 m. As even milder severities of NVP could have long-term impact on offspring growth, further research is needed to determine mechanisms involved and implications on future health.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01174875.