bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying CO emission rates of industrial point sources from Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument observations
Authors: Tian Yuan , Sun Youwen , Borsdorff Tobias , Liu Cheng , Liu Ting , Zhu Yizhi , Yin Hao , Landgraf Jochen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work demonstrates for the first time the capability of routine Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) operations to quantify CO emission rates down to industrial point sources. We have quantified the CO emission rates of four industrial point sources in Asia, namely Qianlishan Industrial Park (39.9° N, 106.9° E), Jiuyuan Industrial Park (40.7° N, 109.7° E) and Botian Industrial Park (42.2° N, 125.2° E) in China and the Jindal factory (15.2° N, 76.7° E) in India, with TROPOMI CO observations from 2017 to 2020. Qianlishan Industrial Park is a missing source in the emission inventory and we quantify it to be ∼14.0 kg s−1. Our estimates for the other three sources vary between 14.4 and 34.3 kg s−1, within 37%–69% of the inventory values. The plume inversion methods are presented in a manner that can be easily used with other fine-scale emission plumes observed from space. Although only a small number of CO plumes per year for any given industrial point source can be observed under conditions suitable for estimation of emission rates, there are many industrial point sources that can be captured by a good TROPOMI footprint. This work affirms that a constellation of future CO satellites could monitor individual CO point source emissions to support environmental policies.
Synthesis, characterization and effect of dopant on magnetic hyperthermic efficacy of Gd2O3 nanoparticles
Authors: Naresh Guguloth , Borah J P , Borgohain C , Paul N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Rare-earth oxides are paramagnetic materials and their high magnetic susceptibility in the bulk makes them potentially promising materials, but the magnetic properties of their nanoparticles remain incompletely characterized. We explore the effect of dopant (Tb3+ and Eu3+) in Gd2O3 host lattice as a heating agent for magnetic hyperthermia application. The structural, optical, and magnetic properties of the pristine, Gd2O3:Tb3+ and Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanocrystals were studied by XRD, HR-TEM, FTIR, and VSM. XRD analysis revealed the presence of mixed-phase (cubic and monoclinic) in pristine, and doped Gd2O3 nanoparticles. The morphological information has been observed with the help of HRTEM and the calculated inter-planar spacing is in well agreement with JCPDS data. Particles are nearly spherical and diameter ∼15 nm, estimated from HRTEM image. FTIR spectroscopic analysis confirms the presence of Gd-O-Gd stretching at 583cm−1. We confirmed the paramagnetic nature for all samples using VSM analysis. The self-heating capability of prepared samples are investigated by performing the induction heating experiment and it is assessed through calculated SAR and ILP values with help of Box-Lucas fitting model where 10% Tb3+ doped Gd2O3 has maximum values.
316L FFF binder development and debinding optimization
Authors: Kan Xinfeng , Yang Dengcui , Zhao Zhengzhi , Sun Jiquan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology is used to create metal parts in this paper. A binder formula is developed for 316L stainless steel powder, composed of polypropylene (PP), styrene ethylene butylene styrene (SEBS) and paraffin wax (PW). The binder is mixed with the 316L stainless steel powder to produce mixture which is then extruded into filament. The optimum binder formula, PP:SEBS:PW = 5:2:2, is obtained by orthogonal experiment. After optimization, mixture viscosity is reduced, filament tensile strength is guaranteed, rigidity is improved. The filament can be printed by a desktop FFF printer to obtain green parts. Binder within the green parts can be sufficiently removed by solvent and thermal debinding, and the shape of printed parts can be maintained well. After sintering, shrunken 316L stainless steel parts can be created, some pores distributed inside. With finer metal powder, the relative density of sintered part can be increased to 96%. The research ideas of this paper can provide effective methods for the development and optimization of binder.
Biocompatibility evaluation for the developed hydrogel wound dressing – ISO-10993-11 standards – in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Thanusha A V , Koul Veena 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Assessment of biocompatibility for the developed wound dressing plays a significant role in translational studies. In the present research work, a wound dressing has been developed using gelatin, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate using EDC as crosslinker in a specific manner. The characterized hydrogel wound dressing was evaluated for its biocompatibility studies by means of ISO-10993-11 medical device rules and standards. Various parameters like skin sensitization test, acute systemic toxic test, implantation study, intracutaneous reactivity test, in vitro cytotoxicity test and bacterial reverse mutation test, were evaluated and the results demonstrated its safety for the pre-clinical investigation.
Antibacterial and physical characteristics of silver-loaded hydroxyapatite/alginate composites
Authors: Sukhodub L F , Pogrebnjak A D , Sukhodub L B , Sagidugumar A , Kistaubayeva A S , Savitskaya I S , Talipova A , Sadibekov A , Kantay N , Akatan K , Turlybekuly A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The influence of silver ions on the antibacterial properties and morphology of hydroxyapatite-silver (HA-Ag) and hydroxyapatite-alginate-silver (HA-Alg-Ag) nanocomposites was studied. The microstructure and phase composition of the obtained nanocomposites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the formation of the crystalline phase of Ag3PO4 was proved. According to the results, silver ions were incorporated into the HA structure, partially replacing calcium ions. Assessment of the antimicrobial activity was carried out on Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial test cultures by the co-incubation and modified agar diffusion methods. We demonstrated that the antimicrobial and adhesive properties of both Ag-HA and HA-Alg-Ag are strongly affected by the crystal lattice structure, controlled by the location of silver ions. The composite materials could be of great interest in the biomedical field, including in the design of coatings that prevent or slow the development of bacterial biofilms.
Introducing the Treatment Hierarchy Question in Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Salanti Georgia , Nikolakopoulou Adriani , Efthimiou Orestis , Mavridis Dimitris , Egger Matthias , White Ian R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Comparative effectiveness research using network meta-analysis can present a hierarchy of competing treatments, from the most to the least preferable option. However, in published reviews, the research question associated with the hierarchy of multiple interventions is typically not clearly defined. Here we introduce the novel notion of a treatment hierarchy question that describes the criterion for choosing a specific treatment over one or more competing alternatives. For example, stakeholders might ask which treatment is most likely to improve mean survival by at least 2 years, or which treatment is associated with the longest mean survival. We discuss the most commonly used ranking metrics (quantities that compare the estimated treatment-specific effects), how the ranking metrics produce a treatment hierarchy, and the type of treatment hierarchy question that each ranking metric can answer. We show that the ranking metrics encompass the uncertainty in the estimation of the treatment effects in different ways, which results in different treatment hierarchies. When using network meta-analyses that aim to rank treatments, investigators should state the treatment hierarchy question they aim to address and employ the appropriate ranking metric to answer it. Following this new proposal will avoid some controversies that have arisen in comparative effectiveness research.
TIGER: technical variation elimination for metabolomics data using ensemble learning architecture
Authors: Han Siyu , Huang Jialing , Foppiano Francesco , Prehn Cornelia , Adamski Jerzy , Suhre Karsten , Li Ying , Matullo Giuseppe , Schliess Freimut , Gieger Christian , Peters Annette , Wang-Sattler Rui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Large metabolomics datasets inevitably contain unwanted technical variations which can obscure meaningful biological signals and affect how this information is applied to personalized healthcare. Many methods have been developed to handle unwanted variations. However, the underlying assumptions of many existing methods only hold for a few specific scenarios. Some tools remove technical variations with models trained on quality control (QC) samples which may not generalize well on subject samples. Additionally, almost none of the existing methods supports datasets with multiple types of QC samples, which greatly limits their performance and flexibility. To address these issues, a non-parametric method TIGER (Technical variation elImination with ensemble learninG architEctuRe) is developed in this study and released as an R package (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=TIGERr). TIGER integrates the random forest algorithm into an adaptable ensemble learning architecture. Evaluation results show that TIGER outperforms four popular methods with respect to robustness and reliability on three human cohort datasets constructed with targeted or untargeted metabolomics data. Additionally, a case study aiming to identify age-associated metabolites is performed to illustrate how TIGER can be used for cross-kit adjustment in a longitudinal analysis with experimental data of three time-points generated by different analytical kits. A dynamic website is developed to help evaluate the performance of TIGER and examine the patterns revealed in our longitudinal analysis (https://han-siyu.github.io/TIGER_web/). Overall, TIGER is expected to be a powerful tool for metabolomics data analysis.
Morphological diversification of Mediterranean anurans: the roles of evolutionary history and climate
Authors: Martínez-Gil Helena , Martínez-Freiría Fernando , Perera Ana , Enriquez-Urzelai Urtzi , Martínez-Solano Íñigo , Velo-Antón Guillermo , Kaliontzopoulou Antigoni 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInvestigation of the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms governing the origin and diversification of species requires integrative approaches that often have to accommodate strong discordance among datasets. A common source of conflict is the combination of morphological and molecular characters with different evolutionary rates. Resolution of these discordances is crucial to assess the relative roles of different processes in generating and maintaining biodiversity. Anuran amphibians provide many examples of morphologically similar, genetically divergent lineages, posing questions about the relative roles of phylogeny and ecological factors in phenotypic evolution. We focused on three circum-Mediterranean anuran genera (Hyla, Alytes and Discoglossus), characterizing morphological and environmental disparity and comparing diversity patterns across biological levels of organization. Using a comparative phylogenetic framework, we tested how shared ancestry and climatic factors come together to shape phenotypic diversity. We found higher morphological differentiation within Hyla and Alytes than in Discoglossus. Body size and limb morphology contributed most to inter- and intraspecific morphological variation in Hyla and Alytes, but there was no strong phylogenetic signal, indicating that shared ancestry does not predict patterns of phenotypic divergence. In contrast, we uncovered a significant association between morphology and climatic descriptors, supporting the hypothesis that morphological disparity between species results from adaptive evolution.
Limitations of sperm transfer in the complex reproductive system of spiders
Authors: Dharmarathne Wijayamuni Dewage Sanjaya Chathuranga , Herberstein Mariella Elisabeth 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In spiders, sperm transfer from the male to the female is indirect via secondary copulatory structures, the pedipalps. At the time of transfer the sperm are not mobile and the ejaculate needs to move through narrow male and female ducts to the female sperm storage organ. In addition, copulation duration can be very short, often limited to just a few seconds. Finally, sexual cannibalism and genital damage limits male life-time mating opportunities. These features of the reproductive biology in spiders are likely to result in sperm transfer constraints. Here we review the intrinsic and extrinsic sperm transfer limitations and conduct a meta-analysis on sperm transfer data from published data. Most of the information available relates to orb-web spiders, but our meta-analysis also includes non-orb-web spiders. Our review identifies some of the behavioural factors that have been shown to influence sperm transfer, and lists several morphological and physiological traits where we do not yet know how they might affect sperm transfer.
Application of the Clinical Frailty Score and body composition and upper arm strength in haemodialysis patients
Authors: Davenport Andrew 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
To improve outcomes, simple screening tests are required to detect patients at increased risk of mortality. As patients with muscle weakness and wasting are at increased risk of death, we wished to review the use of the Clinical Frailty Score (CFS).

Patients and methods
Dialysis staff graded haemodialysis (HD) patients attending for routine outpatient sessions using the CFS, a functional scoring scale, for patients who require help with their instrumental activities of daily living, classified as clinically frail with scores &gt;4, which were compared with contemporaneous Stoke–Davies comorbidity scores, post-HD body composition measured by bioimpedance, hand grip strength (HGS) and standard laboratory investigations.

Results
The results from 2089 patients (60.2% male) were reviewed, with 890 (42.6%) classified as frail. Frail patients were older [mean ± standard deviation (SD) 71.5 ± 15.6 versus 59.1 ± 15.6 years) and female (50.7% versus 37.3%) and had greater comorbidity {median 2 [interquartile range (IQR) 1–3] versus 1 [0–2]}, body mass index (BMI) (26.0 ± 6.7 versus 25.5 ± 5.4 kg/m2), C-reactive protein (CRP) [8 (IQR 3–20) versus 5 (2–11) mg/L], lower serum albumin (37.6 ± 4.7 versus 40.1 ± 4.7 g/L), lean BMI (8.9 ± 1.7 versus 9.7 ± 1.6 kg/m2) and HGS [13.4 (IQR 9.6–18.8) versus 20.9 (14.5–29) kg] (all P &lt; 0.001). Frailty was independently associated in a multivariable logistic model with age {odds ratio [OR] 2.33 [95% confidence limit (CL) 2.01–2.7]}, body fat mass [OR 1.02 (CL 1.01–1.03)], log CRP [OR 1.63 (CL 1.28–2.07)] (all P &lt; 0.001) and comorbidity [OR 1.45 (CL 1.17–1.8); P = 0.001] and negatively associated with albumin [OR 0.95 (CL 0.92–0.98) and HGS [OR 0.91 (CL 0.9–0.93)] (both P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Frail patients are at increased risk of mortality and, as such, simple reliable screening tools are required to rapidly detect patients at risk. The CFS is a useful screening tool that can be readily performed by dialysis staff to identify frail patients. Frailty in HD patients was associated with increasing age, comorbidity, fat weight and inflammation and reduced muscle strength and muscle mass. There is an overlap between frailty and both sarcopenia and protein energy wasting, which requires additional assessments, potentially including body composition, strength, dietary assessments and laboratory investigations. In addition, as the CFS offers a scale, patient trajectories can potentially be serially monitored over time, thus allowing patient-specific interventions or holistic care plans.
Association of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and cardiovascular events: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Massicotte-Azarniouch David , Petrcich William , Walsh Michael , Canney Mark , Hundemer Gregory L , Milman Nataliya , Hladunewich Michelle A , Fairhead Todd , Sood Manish M 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is implicated in elevating the risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease; whether the elevated risk applies to all types of CV diseases or specific types is unclear. This study examined the association of AAV and adverse CV outcomes compared with the non-AAV population.

Methods
We conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study of adults (mean age 61 years, 51% female) with a new diagnosis of AAV in Ontario, Canada from 2007 to 2017. Weighted models were used to examine the association of AAV (n = 1520) and CV events in a matched (1:4) control cohort (n = 5834). The main outcomes were major adverse CV events (MACE), defined as myocardial infarction (MI), stroke or CV death, its components, atrial fibrillation (AF) and congestive heart failure (CHF).

Results
Over a mean follow-up of 3.8 years, AAV (compared with non-AAV) was associated with a higher risk of stroke: cumulative incidence 7.0% versus 5.2%, sub-distribution hazard ratio (sHR) 1.49 [(95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.10–2.02]; AF: cumulative incidence 16.4% versus 11.5%, sHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.30–1.75; and CHF: cumulative incidence 20.8% versus 13.3%, sHR 1.41, 95% CI 1.22–1.62; but not for MACE, MI or CV death. The risks for all CV events, except CV death, were significantly elevated in the early period after AAV diagnosis, in particular AF (365-day sHR 2.06, 95% CI 1.71–2.48; 90-day sHR 3.33, 95% CI 2.66–4.18) and CHF (365-day sHR 1.75, 95% CI 1.48–2.07; 90-day sHR 2.65, 95% CI 2.15–3.26).

Conclusion
AAV is associated with a high risk of certain types of CV events, particularly in the early period following diagnosis.
Defending Against Data Poisoning Attacks: From Distributed Learning to Federated Learning
Authors: Tian Yuchen , Zhang Weizhe , Simpson Andrew , Liu Yang , Jiang Zoe Lin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFederated learning (FL), a variant of distributed learning (DL), supports the training of a shared model without accessing private data from different sources. Despite its benefits with regard to privacy preservation, FL’s distributed nature and privacy constraints make it vulnerable to data poisoning attacks. Existing defenses, primarily designed for DL, are typically not well adapted to FL. In this paper, we study such attacks and defenses. In doing so, we start from the perspective of DL and then give consideration to a real-world FL scenario, with the aim being to explore the requisites of a desirable defense in FL. Our study shows that (i) the batch size used in each training round affects the effectiveness of defenses in DL, (ii) the defenses investigated are somewhat effective and moderately influenced by batch size in FL settings and (iii) the non-IID data makes it more difficult to defend against data poisoning attacks in FL. Based on the findings, we discuss the key challenges and possible directions in defending against such attacks in FL. In addition, we propose detect and suppress the potential outliers(DSPO), a defense against data poisoning attacks in FL scenarios. Our results show that DSPO outperforms other defenses in several cases.
Dynamic changes in chromatin accessibility are associated with the atherogenic transitioning of vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Wang Ying , Gao Hua , Wang Fudi , Ye Zhongde , Mokry Michal , Turner Adam W , Ye Jianqin , Koplev Simon , Luo Lingfeng , Alsaigh Tom , Adkar Shaunak S , Elishaev Maria , Gao Xiangyu , Maegdefessel Lars , Björkegren Johan L M , Pasterkamp Gerard , Miller Clint L , Ross Elsie G , Leeper Nicholas J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
De-differentiation and activation of pro-inflammatory pathways are key transitions vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) make during atherogenesis. Here, we explored the upstream regulators of this ‘atherogenic transition’.

Methods and results
Genome-wide sequencing studies, including Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing and RNA-seq, were performed on cells isolated from both murine SMC-lineage-tracing models of atherosclerosis and human atherosclerotic lesions. At the bulk level, alterations in chromatin accessibility were associated with the atherogenic transitioning of lesional SMCs, especially in relation to genes that govern differentiation status and complement-dependent inflammation. Using computational biology, we observed that a transcription factor previously related to coronary artery disease, Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), was predicted to be an upstream regulator of genes altered during the transition. At the single-cell level, our results indicated that ATF3 is a key repressor of SMC transitioning towards the subset of cells that promote vascular inflammation by activating the complement cascade. The expression of ATF3 and complement component C3 was negatively correlated in SMCs from human atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting translational relevance. Phenome-wide association studies indicated that genetic variation that results in reduced expression of ATF3 is correlated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis, and the expression of ATF3 was significantly down-regulated in humans with advanced vascular disease.

Conclusion
Our study indicates that the plasticity of atherosclerotic SMCs may in part be explained by dynamic changes in their chromatin architecture, which in turn may contribute to their maladaptive response to inflammation-induced stress.
Transcatheter mitral valve repair for the treatment of severe mitral regurgitation and exertional pre-syncope in a patient with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a case report
Authors: Lucarelli Katya , Troisi Federica , Scarcia Maria , Grimaldi Massimo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has a complex pathophysiology and heterogeneous phenotypic expression. In obstructive HCM with significant mitral regurgitation (MR), MitraClip device implantation reduces MR severity and symptoms. There are no data regarding MitraClip implantation in patients with non-obstructive HCM and significant MR.

Case summary
A 78-year-old woman with non-obstructive HCM and significant functional MR (3+) was admitted to our centre for dyspnoea and episodes of pre-syncope under light stress. Transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography showed a normal left ventricular ejection fraction and normal right heart pressures, an inverted mitral filling pattern, and a central prevalent jet (A2-P2 origin) of MR. Exercise echocardiography performed to verify exercise tolerance was interrupted at the 50-W stage due to severe hypotension and pre-syncope. After transcatheter edge-to-edge repair using the MitraClip system, the patient exhibited a reduction in MR Grade from 3+ to 1+. Follow-up up to 1-year post-procedure revealed noticeable improvements in exercise tolerance and symptoms. There were no further episodes of pre-syncope.

Discussion
In non-obstructive HCM, the pathophysiological role of MR in symptom generation is unknown. In this patient, we speculated that significant MR contributed to the mechanisms responsible for severe hypotension and pre-syncope during exercise. A reduction in MR after MitraClip implantation was associated with symptomatic improvements. Our findings further highlight the potential utility of the exercise stress test in therapeutic decision-making for patients with non-obstructive HCM and MR.