bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Analysis of Archived Tumor Specimens for Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes in the Cajuns of Louisiana, a US Founder Population
Authors: Karlitz Jordan J. , Phillips Amanda , Sorrells Kelly S. , Rao Shanti 
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION:
The Louisiana Acadian region (population 1.2 million), home of the Cajuns, has among the highest US colorectal cancer (CRC) rates. Although Cajuns are a known genetic founder population, studies assessing for hereditary CRC have not been performed.

METHODS:
A retrospective review of 2 hospital cancer registries was performed to identify young (<55) Cajun CRC patients in Lafayette, Louisiana (the Acadian region population center), diagnosed from 2003 to 2016. Men were studied because of the higher likelihoods of retaining Cajun surnames for ancestry identification compared with women. Immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair proteins associated with the Lynch syndrome (LS) was performed on tumors. Germline sequencing was performed on adjacent normal tissue of these archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical resection specimens for pathogenic variants underlying CRC-associated syndromes, including LS, familial adenomatous polyposis, and others.

RESULTS:
Of 9 young Cajuns, a germline analysis revealed LS in 2 (MLH1 frameshift, MLH1 missense pathogenic variants). Both had immunohistochemistry-deficient MLH1. Two others had the same adenomatous polyposis coli variant of unknown significance (2 algorithms predicting deleterious and probably damaging change), making this a potential familial adenomatous polyposis founder effect candidate.

DISCUSSION:
This is the first study assessing for hereditary CRC in a large US regional founder population. This small study did not identify clear Cajun founder pathogenic variants. However, larger studies are warranted, which could also help clarify the clinical significance of the adenomatous polyposis coli variant of unknown significance. This study is important because it demonstrates that a retrospective tumor analysis can be used to ascertain the prevalence of genetic susceptibility in specific populations.
Die Entstehung von Spinozas Urteilstheorie und ihre Implikationen für seine politische Philosophie
Authors: Toth Oliver Istvan , Renz Ursula 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we reconstruct the development of Spinoza’s theory of judgment against the backdrop of the development of his political views. In this context we also look at the difference between Descartes’ meta-act theory of judgment, which Spinoza criticises, and his own all-inclusive approach. By “meta-act theory” we understand the claim that content and judgment about the truth of the content are metaphysically really distinct mental items. By an “all-inclusive theory” we understand the claim that judgment and content constitute only one mental act. We show further how the core intuitions of this all-inclusive theory are developed by Spinoza in an increasingly radical manner and how the practical implications of his all-inclusive theory come to the fore in theTheological-Political Treatise: given that content and act are not really distinct, it is metaphysically impossible that human subjects can give up their ability to judge, which is why Spinoza can plausibly contend that everybody has an inalienable right to form their own judgment.
High cellulose diet promotes intestinal motility through regulating intestinal immune homeostasis and serotonin biosynthesis
Authors: Xie Tao , Jin Fa , Jia Xiaokun , Mao Hengxu , Xu Yuting , Zhang Shizhong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
It is widely accepted dietary fiber intimately linked to inflammatory and nervous diseases, which often been described with altered gastrointestinal (GI) motility. However, how dose dietary fiber modulate inflammation and crosstalk influence GI function has not been explained in detail. We found fiber-free diet reduced intestinal motility, accompanied by upregulated proinflammatory immunocytes and inflammatory cytokines in colon of mice. We also discovered high-cellulose diet increased synthesis of serotonin and expression of neurotrophic factors, both of that have been reported involved in promoting intestinal motility. In addition, metabolomics analysis showed increased tryptophan metabolites in high-cellulose diet mice, which happened to be required for serotonin biosynthesis. Further analysis revealed high-cellulose diet changed the composition of gut microbiota, in particular by altering the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, consequently, concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially acetate. Orally administration of acetate confirmed its modulating to serotonin synthesis, neurotrophic factors expression and immunocyte differentiation through regulating histone deacetylase (HDAC3) activity in colon. Together, our results demonstrated high-cellulose diet promote intestinal motility through regulating intestinal homeostasis and enteric nervous system by increasing acetate production and HDAC3 inhibition. Thus, rich cellulose diet or acetate supplement can be considered as dietary advice to improve clinically intestinal motility insufficiency.
Incorporating Ethics in Disaster Communication Strategy: The Case of the U.S. Government in Deepwater Horizon
Authors: Horsley J. Suzanne , Hutchins Amber L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BP’s Deepwater Horizon oil spill in April 2010 was a major test of the National Incident Management System (NIMS), which the United States federal government mandates for response to all disasters. At the time, this disaster was perhaps the greatest event in scope and duration under NIMS disaster management guidelines since they were revised in 2008 (the third edition was published in 2017). Ten years later, NIMS provides procedures for operating a joint information center (JIC), but still offers no guidelines for ethical communication. This case study examines the ethical implications of 178 news releases distributed by the Deepwater Horizon Incident JIC. Qualitative analysis found that communication was conducted in an open, ethical manner, with few exceptions. Conflicts emerged, however, that may have compromised ethical standards. The authors conclude with recommendations to inform ethical decision making by JIC communicators.
Nearly total optical transmission of linearly polarized light through transparent electrode composed of GaSb monolithic high-contrast grating integrated with gold
Authors: Tobing Landobasa Y. M. , Wasiak Michał , Zhang Dao Hua , Fan Weijun , Czyszanowski Tomasz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Achieving high transmission of light through a highly conductive structure implemented on a semiconductor remains a challenge in optoelectronics as the transmission is inevitably deteriorated by absorption and Fresnel reflection. There have been numerous efforts to design structures with near-unity transmission, yet they are typically constrained by a trade-off between conductivity and optical transmission. To address this problem, we propose and demonstrate a transmission mechanism enabled by a monolithic GaSb subwavelength grating integrated with Au stripes (metalMHCG). Near-unity transmission of polarized light is achieved by inducing low-quality factor resonance in the air gaps between the semiconductor grating stripes, which eliminates light absorption and reflection by the metal. Our numerical simulation shows 97% transmission of transverse magnetic polarized light and sheet resistance of 2.2 ΩSq−1. The metalMHCG structure was realized via multiple nanopatterning and dry etching, with the largest transmission yet reported of ∼90% at a wavelength of 4.5 µm and above 75% transmission in the wavelength range from 4 to 10 µm and sheet resistance at the level of 26 ΩSq−1. High optical transmission is readily achievable using any high refractive index materials employed in optoelectronics. The design of the metalMHCG is applicable in a wide electromagnetic spectrum from near ultraviolet to infrared.
Reenvisioning Russian Propaganda: Media Decentralization and the Use of Social Networks as a Means to Government Continuity
Authors: Hodgson Jayden 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Abstract: Russia’s social scene has been anything but stable. Through economic turbulence and social unrest by political opposition, Navalny being only the most recent figure in a long list, Russia, under Putin’s leadership, has shown that it can persist when faced with hardship. How does the regime do this? This article argues that its robust propaganda machine is the answer to this question. I provide three arguments to support this thesis. First, I will present how information is produced and disseminated. Second, Russian propaganda, used for branding itself, attempts to influence foreign just as much as domestic audiences. Finally, using private proxies to peddle a positive message on Twitter will be analyzed. Russias propaganda machine threatens liberalism in the West. This article hopes to add to the conversation as first, recognizing the threat, and second, providing information for combatting the regime.
Lending by credit cooperatives, savings banks and other banks during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany
Authors: Wrede Matthias 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We examine long-term lending in the course of the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany. We show that the pandemic is associated with increased lending by credit cooperatives and savings banks. The restrictions imposed by governments on social and economic life and the economic impact thereof, measured in terms of planned short-time work, show a significant correlation with the level of lending by all banks.
Crystal structures with infinite chains based on antimony tartrate dimers
Authors: Wang Xiqu , Jacobson Allan J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Seven complex metal antimony tartrates have been synthesized in single crystal form by slowly evaporating aqueous solutions of potassium antimony tartrate (tartar emetic) and divalent metal nitrates or perchlorates. Crystal structures of these compounds all contain infinite chains formed by linking antimony tartrate dimers with divalent metal ions. While infinite chains of antimony tartrate dimers bridged by single Zn2+ ions or by double Mg2+ ions were reported previously, new types of chains with alternating single and double bridging cations are observed in this work.
Study of shocks in a nonideal dusty gas using Maslov, Guderley, and CCW methods for shock exponents
Authors: Chauhan Swati , Chauhan Antim , Arora Rajan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, we consider the system of partial differential equations describing one-dimensional (1D) radially symmetric (i.e., cylindrical or spherical) flow of a nonideal gas with small solid dust particles. We analyze the implosion of cylindrical and spherical symmetric strong shock waves in a mixture of a nonideal gas with small solid dust particles. An evolution equation for the strong cylindrical and spherical shock waves is derived by using the Maslov technique based on the kinematics of 1D motion. The approximate value of the similarity exponent describing the behavior of strong shocks is calculated by applying a first-order truncation approximation. The obtained approximate values of similarity exponent are compared with the values of the similarity exponent obtained from Whitham’s rule and Guderley’s method. All the above computations are performed for the different values of mass fraction of dust particles, relative specific heat, and the ratio of the density of dust particle to the density of the mixture and van der Waals excluded volume.
Synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of the quaternary oxysulfides Ln
5V3O7S6 (Ln = La, Ce)
Authors: Zheng Chong , Hoffmann Roald , Perkins Timothy S. , Calvagna Frank , Fotovat Roxanna , Ferels Crystal , Mohr Alyssa , Kremer Reinhard K. , Köhler Jürgen , Simon Arndt , Bu Kejun , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Two rare earth oxysulfides Ln
5V3O7S6 (Ln = La, Ce) have been synthesized and their structures determined. The two isostructural compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pmmn (no. 59). The structure features one-dimensional edge-sharing VS4O2 octahedron chains parallel to the b axis. The bonding between V and S/O is covalent, and between Ln
3+ and the rest of the matrix ionic. Magnetic susceptibility measurement revealed that V is in a mixed valence state of V3+ and V4+. Its magnetic behavior follows the Curie-Weiss law.
Verschleißuntersuchungen bei der kryogenen Zerspanung von Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Gutzeit Kevin , Basten Stephan , Kirsch Benjamin , Aurich Jan C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Die Zerspanung von Ti-6Al-4V zeichnet sich durch hohe thermische Belastungen am Werkzeug aus. Dies führt zu einem ausgeprägten, thermisch induzierten Werkzeugverschleiß. Mithilfe einer kryogenen Kühlung können die thermische Belastung des Werkzeugs gesenkt und somit der thermisch bedingte Verschleiß erheblich reduziert werden. In diesem Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass eine kryogene Kühlung den thermisch induzierten Werkzeugverschleiß verringert und damit die Standwege der Werkzeuge verlängert werden können.
Nachhaltigkeitsfokussierte digitale Wertstromanalyse
Authors: Horsthofer-Rauch Julia , Vernim Susanne , Reinhart Gunther 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDie konventionelle Wertstromanalyse weist Schwächen in Bezug auf Aufwand und Reliabilität auf und wird momentan nur selten durch digitale Werkzeuge unterstützt. Die Digitalisierung der Wertstromanalyse bei gleichzeitiger Integration von Nachhaltigkeitsaspekten kann für produzierende Unternehmen einen Mehrwert schaffen, indem die Wertstromanalyse effizienter und der Informationsgehalt größer wird. Dieser Beitrag stellt ein Konzept für die nachhaltigkeitsfokussierte digitale Wertstromanalyse vor.
Understanding the Impact of Polishing and Environmental Factors on Corrosion Potential—An Optimization by Robust Design
Authors: Huang I.-Wen , Weitzel Ashley , Goodwin Fred , Chang Kuo-Hsiang , Reagan Lisa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
ASTM G180-13, Standard Test Method for Corrosion Inhibiting Admixtures for Steel in Concrete by Polarization Resistance in Cementitious Slurries (Superseded), testing was used to determine the effectiveness of corrosion inhibiting admixtures. However, inconsistent results have been reported due to the polishing process. Although not standardized, polished metal specimens have been used to remove contaminants or native oxides prior to electrochemical measurements to acquire stabilized electrochemical measurements. Furthermore, the open circuit potential (OCP) delay before electrochemical testing was found to be critical to the consistency of the subsequent experiment. The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of polishing and environmental factors on the OCP value and its variation. The OCP of carbon steel in high pH simulated pore solutions was measured as functions of polishing, time, chloride content, and nitrite concentration. By using a full-factorial experimental design and regression analysis, the effects of the factors were studied on both the mean value and on the standard deviation of corrosion potential. The standard deviation of repeated tests was quantified and ranked to provide guidance on specimen preparation. The regression result showed that polishing does not influence the mean value of the OCP but that the OCP standard deviation heavily depends on the polishing consistency. Based on the experimental data and analysis, a suggestion was provided for specimen preparation to address the observed inconsistency in specimen preparation for ASTM G180-13 testing.
An Ontological Model to Integrate and Assist Virtualization of Automation Systems for Industry 4.0
Authors: Gil Santiago , Zapata-Madrigal Germán D. , Giraldo-Gómez Gloria L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Automation engineering faces some challenges to properly address the development of automation systems and cyber-physical systems (CPSs) according to the concepts and principles of Industry 4.0. Currently, the design of these systems requires multidisciplinary knowledge to achieve integrated solutions, such as models, techniques, and technologies, commonly characterized by their complexity. The representation of CPSs, specifically the cyber-physical production systems, depends on describing dynamics behavior but also on relations, knowledge, and information. This is possible using formal engineering methods with other modeling approaches like ontologies. In this work, a semantic model is proposed to integrate automation systems and their associated components into a formal representation by employing an ontological model. The proposed model, the Automation I4.0 Ontology, is a modular approach that can represent several components of automation systems with an extended feature for the implementation in real environments through software applications and semantic automation networks. The ontology is intended to enable the representation and implementation of distributed service-based automation systems providing interoperability and cognition via ontology-based instances in the code, enabling the same format between applications and ontology files. Two case studies are proposed to show how the Automation I4.0 Ontology is easily integrated with Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture and how it can be used for model- and ontology-based developments of automation systems as a modeling, deployment, or virtualization method, obtaining extended features, such as online semantic reasoning and querying, assisted resource virtualization, and technological convergence with standardization, which currently are not provided by previous approaches.
Derived CDG for bioassay – a tool for screening people in a radiological emergency
Authors: Reis Arlene Alves dos 
Published: September 2021

The decision on initiating clinical treatment for a person who has been internally contaminated by radionuclides is not trivial. NCRP Publication 161 presented an operational quantity named Clinical Decision Guide - CDG to help in this decision. The bases for establishing the CDG values are dose values related to the risks of stochastic and deterministic effects to body tissues. This work shows a computational system - Derived CDG - which calculates CDG and derived CDG applied to in vivo and in vitro radiobioassay for several age groups and for several times after intake by inhalation and ingestion. It is a tool to be used to screen people with internal contamination who need medical follow-up. The system enables the users to change parameters used in calculation for different simulated scenarios.
Polygenic Risk Scores for Kidney Function and Their Associations with Circulating Proteome, and Incident Kidney Diseases
Authors: Yu Zhi , Jin Jin , Tin Adrienne , Köttgen Anna , Yu Bing , Chen Jingsha , Surapaneni Aditya , Zhou Linda , Ballantyne Christie M. , Hoogeveen Ron C. , Arking Dan E. , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Grams Morgan E. , Coresh Josef 
Published: September 2021

Significance Statement
Genome-wide association studies have uncovered numerous loci influencing kidney function (eGFR), but the relationship of genetic risk to kidney disease incidence or the circulating proteome is unknown. Large genome-wide association samples and recent methods allowed us to calculate a powerful genome-wide polygenic risk score (PRS) incorporating information on 1.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms. This PRS was significantly associated with risk of CKD, ESKD, kidney failure, and AKI, and with 132 circulating plasma proteins at both midlife and older age. Contemporary kidney function markers, such as eGFR, mediate most of the associations with the plasma proteome.

Background
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed numerous loci for kidney function (eGFR). The relationship between polygenic predictors of eGFR, risk of incident adverse kidney outcomes, and the plasma proteome is not known.

Methods
We developed a genome-wide polygenic risk score (PRS) for eGFR by applying the LDpred algorithm to summary statistics generated from a multiethnic meta-analysis of CKDGen Consortium GWAS (n=765,348) and UK Biobank GWAS (90% of the cohort; n=451,508), followed by best-parameter selection using the remaining 10% of UK Biobank data (n=45,158). We then tested the association of the PRS in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (n=8866) with incident CKD, ESKD, kidney failure, and AKI. We also examined associations between the PRS and 4877 plasma proteins measured at middle age and older adulthood and evaluated mediation of PRS associations by eGFR.

Results
The developed PRS showed a significant association with all outcomes. Hazard ratios per 1 SD lower PRS ranged from 1.06 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.11) to 1.33 (95% CI, 1.28 to 1.37). The PRS was significantly associated with 132 proteins at both time points. The strongest associations were with cystatin C, collagen α-1(XV) chain, and desmocollin-2. Most proteins were higher at lower kidney function, except for five proteins, including testican-2. Most correlations of the genetic PRS with proteins were mediated by eGFR.

Conclusions
A PRS for eGFR is now sufficiently strong to capture risk for a spectrum of incident kidney diseases and broadly influences the plasma proteome, primarily mediated by eGFR.
La excelencia académica de mujeres con discapacidad visual en la Universidad: aportes de la teoría fundamentada
Authors: Yerga-Míguez María Dolores , Ramírez-Morera Marcela , Díaz-Jiménez Rosa María 
Published: September 2021

En este artículo de investigación se realiza una aproximación a la vida académica de mujeres con discapacidad visual con el objetivo de analizar sus historias formativas y los factores que contribuyen a la excelencia académica. De esta forma, se presenta un estudio comparado de casos de dos mujeres con discapacidad visual matriculadas en universidades de Costa Rica y España, a partir de una hermenéutica cualitativa y una adaptación de la teoría fundamentada de diseño constructivista. Los datos se recolectaron con entrevistas semiestructuradas y se analizaron con el método comparativo constante con apoyo del software Atlas-ti v. 8. Las participantes fueron ocho, cuatro unidades de observación por cada caso y país: la mujer con discapacidad visual, un familiar, un docente y un compañero/a de clase. El marco de análisis incluyó cuatro dimensiones: personal, entorno familiar, académico y social. Como resultados destacan que los factores exógenos vinculados con la excelencia académica sitúan a la familia, el grupo de iguales (compañeros/as) y el equipo docente como apoyos permanentes a las mujeres con discapacidad visual en sus trayectorias académicas. Sin embargo, la familia influye de manera ambivalente, como apoyo y barrera, donde emerge un déficit de concienciación, especialmente entre profesorado y alumnado. Los factores endógenos que favorecen la excelencia académica se relacionan con el esfuerzo, desempeño y actitud individual, cuyo eje principal queda constituido por las características resilientes desarrolladas. Destaca como categoría emergente la violencia presente en el ámbito académico en diversas manifestaciones.