bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Information Technology Used in Construction Enterprises
Authors: Mandičák Tomáš , Mésároš Peter , Spišáková Marcela 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Information technology represents an increase in use in every sector. The construction industry is a sector that produces large volumes of data. Their processing requires automation and systematization. Information technology is an essential tool for data processing. Relevant information is an important advantage in the digital economy. However, working with data and information is time-consuming, economically demanding. Based on this, the use of information technology is critical to implement in construction. This paper addresses the issue of using information technology in smelting companies. The research aims to analyse the use of information technology in construction companies. Information technology can save information processing time. They also have a positive impact on reducing costs in the long run. They also have a positive effect on productivity. The research seeks to quantify the use of information technology and to look for dependencies between research groups. The research works on the assumption that the use of information technology will be different between research groups. The size of the construction company, the use of foreign know-how and capital, and the construction activity, or the definition of the participant in the construction project, can be important in the results and determine differences in use. Differences and identify potential differences between individual research samples are based on the use of statistical tests. The Kruskal-Wallis test verifies the significance of the findings. The research sample includes 55 construction companies operating in Slovakia. These are mostly contractors, developers, designers and sub-constructors. The research involved large construction companies, as well as SMEs and micro-enterprises.
Tessellation in Architecture from Past to Present
Authors: Kizilörenli Ecenur , Maden Feray 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Tessellation, which has examples of use in art and architecture, is the covering of a surface using one or more geometric shapes without overlapping or gaps. Based on Roman mosaics, the tessellation has an important place in architecture since the ancient times. Through the history, different patterns have been used by many cultures for various applications ranging from decorative covering elements to multi-functional latticework screens. The tessellation has still been used in contemporary architecture since it not only allows creating the geometrical surface in an order but also provides multi-functionality to the surface when applied as shading elements. The tessellation can be reviewed under three categories such as regular, semi-regular and demi-regular tessellations. Two- and three-dimensional examples of the tessellations can be seen in contemporary architecture either as façade elements or patterns used for structural elements. Because the tessellation plays a significant role in architecture in terms of geometrical or structural design, the interest on this topic has been increased in recent years. Due to their great potentials, more studies should be conducted on the tessellations. For this reason, within the scope of this paper, the applied examples of the tessellations in buildings from past to present are examined which include both static and kinetic ones. In this paper, the geometric design principles, combination methods and iteration processes of the examples are also presented. As well as providing a deeper understanding of such tessellation methods, this study will serve as a basis of reference for future studies in this field.
Sustainable City Forms
Authors: Stokmane Ilze 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Twenty first century characterises with approach of sustainability in different scales of spatial planning. During the pandemic in 2020 and 2021 more and more attention has been paid on health and well-being of population. Remembering that two thirds of all European population live in cities the theme of sustainability of living environment became even more important following SDG 11 “Sustainable Cities and Communities”. People in the cities more often seek for possibility to spend time outdoors, preferably in nature. It has become the important issue not only for individuals but also for governors of local municipalities and big cities providing such opportunity for their inhabitants. In order to find the best possible solution for development of urban environment it is important to know what are the choices available and best practise realized in spatial planning sustainability context. During the last five decades and even earlier different researchers and city planners have been defining possible city forms to ensure sustainability and well-being of todays and next generations. The purpose of research paper is to show the variety of sustainable city forms outlined in research papers and formed by collaboration of progressive cities. To strengthen the importance of new approaches in city planning, there are examples of the best practise of some European counties following SDGs in spatial planning of their territories showed. The analysis of situation in different countries clarifies that development of green infrastructure, use of local resources and support of local initiatives are the best approaches for any place to reach the sustainability because fulfilling the needs of local inhabitants for qualitative outdoors results in better life not only for locals, it plays also important role for forming good image of municipality and country increasing sense of proud of such place. City municipalities need to put more effort for developing sustainable communities providing healthy and attractive living environment for local and even new inhabitants in place where living, work and recreation are in balance with nature.
Data organization issues in civil engineering
Authors: Smutný Marian , Kaiser Jiří 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In today's organization of data in civil engineering there remains ambiguity, diversity of terminology and consequent lack of clarity. The daily reality is to work with hybrid data sources in a variety of software programs. In CAD programs it is possible to import and convert elements from GIS, but they will be classified only into layers. Or, attach external references from CAD files in BIM, but there still remains the problem of finding your way around the confusing list of layers, and their abbreviations. Also broadly used filesystems as place for store and organise data on disk into files (entities) and hierarchical structure of folders (categories) is limited by reductionist categorization approach. Another problem shows with absence of multilingual approach. The limits are in the methods of data organization, and so only partially portable. Therefore, if there is a common denominator to all problems, it is the absence of a unifying organizational environment. In current computer applications used in civil engineering, methods of data classification are implemented that do not allow multiplicative or faceted categorization and thus inevitably create an antagonistic environment with any previous or future classification system. Unfortunately, even if a software tool implements a modern multiplicative categorization or domain ontology, it will not significantly solve the overall situation, because it will still not be possible to use such a method of categorization in other applications. Therefore, if there should exist a solution that would significantly facilitate cooperation and orientation in the data, it must inevitably work independently, across diverse software applications, with the ability to link the functions of the application with such a separate categorization system.
Finite Element Analysis of Overlapped Z-Purlins Restrained by Sheeting
Authors: Gîrbacea Ioan Andrei , Ungureanu Viorel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cold-formed steel Z-purlins with overlapping at the intermediate supports ensures the continuity of the bending moment. A continuous beam with two equal spans of 6 m is investigated under gravity loading using the finite element method. The numerical model includes the beneficial interaction between the Z-purlins and the trapezoidal sheeting. Finite element results show that the screw spacing and sheeting thickness has a limited influence on the resistance of the member. The effect of the overlapping length and detailing of the connection is studied through a parametric study. Six overlaps varying from 100mm to 1200mm (1.6% to 20% of one span) capture the change of the failure mode from the overlap edge to the support region of the purlin. The connection detailing is studied considering multiple bolt/screw patterns. The detailing and length of the overlap connection has a major influence on the moment distribution and consequently on the failure mode. The detailed finite element analysis shows that assuming the beam connection as continuous in 1D beam models lead to an unrealistic bending moment distribution and failure mode. Connecting the bottom flange using screws improves the overall load carrying capacity of the beam especially for short overlap lengths. The increase in resistance is attributed to the restraining effect on the free flange which fails due to distortional buckling.
Innovative Lightweight Cold-Formed Steel-Concrete Composite Floor System – LWT-FLOOR project
Authors: Lukačević Ivan , Ćurković Ivan , Rajić Andrea , Čudina Ivan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To provide the foundations for economic and social prosperity, countries worldwide need to be making a term investment in their building assets. However, there is a lack of a systematic approach, such as manufacturing innovations, to maximize the values of building components and materials in its entire lifecycle. Steel-concrete composite floor systems are one of the most cost-effective construction systems for multi-storey steel buildings because they combine structural efficiency with the speed of construction. These advantages depend on the efficiency of combining steel and concrete structural elements to avoid their inherent disadvantages. This paper presents a solution that integrates state-of-the-art knowledge in new, fast and productive spot-welding technology and innovative cold-formed steel-concrete composite solutions. The solution proposes a new construction method as a combination of built- up cold-formed steel members and cast-in-place concrete slab. The proposed floor system offers key benefits in terms of a high degree of prefabrication, reusability and long spanning capability.
Iterative Optimal Design of Special Moment Resisting Devices for Steel Frames
Authors: Palizzolo Luigi , Vazzano Santo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present paper proposes an iterative procedure devoted to reaching the optimal design of an innovative, recently proposed, moment resisting device. This special device, called Limited Resistance Plastic Device (LRPD), can be utilized, as an example, to equip a steel frame when it is required that the frame must be designed to substitute a masonry panel, i.e., it must be characterized by a structural behaviour as close as possible to the one of the replaced masonry wall. This purpose can be reached by designing the relevant frame imposing appropriate constraints on the elastic stiffness and on the limit resistance. The result can be obtained just by ensuring that the elastic stiffness and the limit resistance be independent of each other. To this aim it is necessary to suitably equip the steel frame by the previously cited LRPD. In particular, these moment resisting connections ensure that in a prefixed portion of the given beam element, the limit bending moment reduces without any variation of the global elastic stiffness. In order to reach this goal, the LRPD is substantially constituted by an inner portion, devoted to exhibit the desired reduced limit bending strength and to receive the plastic deformations, and two outer portions, devoted to guarantee the invariance of the elastic bending stiffness. The proposed iterative procedure allows to design a device respecting all the required features avoiding the presence of any dangerous local instability phenomenon. To this aim, the design will contain appropriate constraints ensuring that the device cross sections appertain to class 1 or class 2 I-cross section, as prescribed in the more recent standard codes. Some examples, validated by 3D solid tetrahedral elements analysis in ABAQUS environment, prove the good reliability of the proposed procedure and show the easy applicability of the computational approach.
Push-Out Test and FEM Analysis of Continuous Shear Connector
Authors: Vanova Patricia , Dubecky Daniel , Kvocak Vincent 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Composite steel concrete bridges with embedded continuous shear connectors are one of the newer popular options for short span (up to 20 m) bridges. They can be used for both road and railway bridges and due to their low structural height, nowadays, they are also a welcome alternative for bridge reconstructions – the concrete part serves as the bridge deck as well as the main structure. Unfortunately, In the Slovak Republic, no such bridges have been built as of yet (2020). At Technical University of Kosice, Department of Steel and Timber Structures, an extensive research regarding the steel shear connectors have been launched. Its goals are to bring new, easier for construction (due to prefabrication process), more resistant with even lower structural height, and more economical (due to lesser usage of materials and quick construction) geometrical solutions for composite steel concrete bridges as well as to open and popularize this solution for developers in the Slovak Republic. In this article, one of the new types is presented. It has a cross-section in a shape of a trapezoid, with holes in all its sides, except the bottom flange. Their purpose is to create concrete studs and secure full shear transmission with higher shear resistance, but they also serve to create space for transverse reinforcing bars. Its geometrical and material characteristics are closely specified. Results and process of push-out tests performed in Laboratory of Excellent Research onto three specimens are described and compared to results of finite element analysis simulation performed in Abaqus software.
Numerical and Physical Modelling of the Performance of the Pro-vortex Vanes in Shaft Spillways
Authors: Broucek Miroslav , Satrapa Ladislav , Kralik Martin , Soucek Jiri 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper focuses on the analysis of hydraulic conditions in the proximity of the intake part of high shaft spillways equipped with pro-vortex vanes and discusses recent enhancements in modelling of the shaft spillways and compares the acquired results of the performance of the spillway after complete removal or rehabilitation of the vanes in context of capacity and overall hydraulic conditions. Increasing requirements on safety of embankment dams during floods with respect to anticipated effect of the climate change scenarios on parameters of design floods demand further assessment of capabilities of outlet structures to meet the updated needs. Such dam safety assessments often conclude in the need of designing additional measures to improve existing structures. Despite different approach to the evaluation of the uncertainties and subsequent risk assessment the goal of improving safety of large dams remains consistent in the effort of all developed countries. Adjustments of the intake part of shaft spillways can present a valid design option for increasing capacity of the complex spillway/tunnel structure if supported by solid analysis of hydraulic conditions inside these structures. As the governing idea of the pro-vortex vanes is to ensure spiral flow inside the shaft and to minimize the pressure fluctuations the paper presents results from physical model of several designs of the pro-vortex vanes which approximated possible adjustment of tower like shaft spillway of existing large dam in Czech Republic and also results from CFD modelling illustrating the importance of combination of both modelling approaches. For the CFD part, different turbulence models are discussed.
Evaluation of Water Retention Curves by Regression and Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Cisty Milan , Povazanova Barbora 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper presents two methods that simplify the estimation of the water retention curves. The case study is evaluated for the soils of Záhorská lowland in the paper. These methods are based on the supposed dependence of the soil water content on the percentage content of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Kopecký grain categories, and the dry bulk density. The representative set of the drying branch of water retention curves was measured using soil samples from the Záhorská lowland region in a laboratory. Particle size distribution and dry bulk density were also determined. In this paper support vector machines and multiple linear regression is compared to estimate the pedotransfer functions that can be used for the prediction of the drying branch of the water retention curve. Both methods were verified on other data set of measured water retention curves than the one which was used for building the models with a close agreement to measured results.
Combined Building-Energy Systems with Heat Transfer Control by Building Constructions using RES
Authors: Kalús Daniel , Cvíčela Martin , Janík Peter , Kubica Matej 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Energy systems built into one of the building structures that serve to capture solar energy, geothermic energy, and ambient energy, or which have the function of end elements of heating, cooling, and ventilation system, we generally call combined building-energy systems. Among combined building-energy systems we include solar roofs with built-in pipe absorbers, building structures with active thermal protection (ATP) - active heat transfer control, which have a multifunctional purpose – a thermal barrier, low-temperature heating, high-temperature cooling, recuperation and accumulation of heat, solar and ambient energy collection, large-capacity heat storage (ground heat accumulators built simultaneously in the foundation slab of the building), or heat exchangers used for recuperative ventilation of buildings built into the foundation slabs and wall structures. The research of combined building-energy systems at the Department of Building Services, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava has been carried out continuously since 2005. Within five research projects (responsible researcher, Kalús, D.) HZ 04-309-05, HZ 04-310- 05, HZ 04-142-07 (research and experimental measurements took place in the years 2005 to 2007), HZ PG73/2011 (research and experimental measurements took place in the years 2011 to 2013), [13,] and HZ PR10/2015 (research and experimental measurements have been carried out since 2015), two experimental houses IDA I. and EB2020, a mobile laboratory designed for measuring and optimizing a compact heat station using renewable heat sources, were designed and built by the research team at our workplace, and also a research of a fragment of a perimeter wall with built-in active thermal protection was carried out in the climatic chamber of the Faculty of Civil Engineering STU in Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Significant contribution to the research was provided by doctoral students Ing. Martin Cvíčela, Ph.D., (supervisor, Kalús, D.), Ing. Peter Janik, PhD., (supervisor, Kalús, D.) and Ing. Martin Šimko, PhD., (supervisor, Kalús, D.), who described the results of the research in their dissertations. At present experimental measurements in the mobile laboratory are performed by doctoral student Ing. Matej Kubica, (supervisor, Kalús, D.). In the area of combined construction and energy systems, research and optimization of suitable solutions continues, which have been transformed into one European patent and three utility models.
Influence of Aramid-Polyolefin Fibers on the Properties of Bituminous Mixtures
Authors: Majer Stanisław , Budziński Bartosz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The use of additives in bituminous mixtures such as fibers has been the subject of various studies. Different fibres including cellulose fibres, steel fibres, basalt fibres, glass fibres and aramid fibres can be used to improve the properties of bituminous mixtures. Depending on the type of fibres used, different characteristics can be changed. The paper contains results of comparative tests of bituminous mixtures with aramid-polyolefin fibres. Asphalt concrete used for wearing course with maximum aggregate size of 11 mm was evaluated in the study. Reference mix with an average penetration grade of 50/70 was chosen as a base for modifications. Due to difficulty in preparing mixtures with fibers in a laboratory mixer, test specimens were obtained from a stationary plant. The fibers and aggregate mix was prepared before adding the asphalt. The fibers were added at a rate of 0.5 kg per 1000 kg of finished bituminous mixture. This allowed to obtain an even distribution of fibers in the mixture resulting in a homogeneity necessary for planned tests. This allowed to omit the scale effect, that could occur due to differences between laboratory and stationary mixing. Stiffness modulus tests were performed using the IT-CY (Indirect Tension to Cylindrical Specimens) method for a wide temperature range of 0-30°C. The specimen resistance to permanent deformation was evaluated. Obtained results has shown a clear increase in the resistance to permanent deformation of mixtures with aramid- polyolefin fibers, which is especially important for mixtures used for wearing course. The results has also shown a significant increase in the stiffness modulus regardless of temperature range. Results of conducted experiments has shown that it is possible to reduce the thickness of bituminous overlay in case of reinforcement of the existing pavement structure. The analysis of results has shown that the application of aramid-polyolefin fibres in bituminous mixtures can improve the functional features of the pavement and be beneficial to the investors.