bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who do you take to tango? Examining pairing mechanisms between underwriters and initial public offering firms in a nascent stock market
Authors: Zhang Yan Anthea , Chen Jin , Li Haiyang , Jin Jing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryPrevious studies on initial public offerings (IPOs) in mature stock markets have documented that high‐reputation underwriters primarily work with high‐quality firms and vice versa—that is, they are paired through a quality‐matching mechanism. We propose that in a nascent stock market, a pricing mechanism may also play a role, through which pricing (the underwriting fee) sets the pairing. We examine these two mechanisms in the context of China's ChiNext stock exchange, which was launched in 2009 and experienced dramatic regulatory improvements in 2012–2013. With data on IPOs in 2009–2017, we find evidence to support the pricing mechanism's effect before the regulatory improvements and the quality‐matching mechanism's effect after the improvements. We contribute to the literature by developing an evolutionary view on the pairing mechanisms between important capital market participants.Managerial SummaryIn a mature stock market, underwriter reputation signals the underlying quality of initial public offering (IPO) firms to external investors because high‐reputation underwriters primarily work with high‐quality IPO firms and vice versa. We find that in a nascent stock market before the market experiences regulatory improvements, underwriters and IPO firms are paired through a pricing mechanism. That is, underwriters with higher reputation charge higher underwriting fees, and IPO firms with lower quality pay higher fees. Since the pricing mechanism rather than the quality‐matching mechanism sets the pairing, underwriter reputation does not have a signaling effect. Instead, we find that higher underwriting fees signal lower quality of IPO firms. Our findings shed important insights on how market participants are paired in other nascent markets, nascent technology fields and industries.
Black Tungsten Oxide Nanofiber as a Robust Support for Metal Catalysts: High Catalyst Loading for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Kim Ga‐Yoon , Yoon Ki Ro , Shin Kihyun , Jung Ji‐Won , Henkelman Graeme , Ryu Won‐Hee 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBlack valve metal oxides with low oxygen vacancies are identified to be promising for various industrial applications, such as in gas sensing, photocatalysis, and rechargeable batteries, owing to their high reducibility and stability, as well as considerable fractions of low‐valent metal species and oxygen vacancies in their lattices. Herein, the nanofiber (NF) of black oxygen‐deficient tungsten trioxide (WO3−x) is presented as a versatile and robust support for the direct growth of a platinum catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The nonstoichiometric, poorly crystallized black WO3−x NFs are prepared by electrospinning the W precursor into NFs followed by their low‐temperature (650 °C) reductive calcination. The black WO3−x NFs have adequate electrical conductivity owing to their decreased bandgap and amorphous structure. Remarkably, the oxygen‐deficient surface (surface O/W = 2.44) facilitates the growth of small Pt nanoparticles, which resist aggregation, as confirmed by structural characterization and computational analysis. The Pt‐loaded black WO3−x NFs outperform the Pt‐loaded crystalline white WO3−x NFs in both the electrochemical ORR activity and the accelerated durability test. This study can inspire the use of oxygen‐deficient metal oxides as supports for other electrocatalysts, and can further increase the versatility of oxygen‐deficient metal oxides.
Inorganic Metal‐Oxide Photocatalyst for H2O2 Production
Authors: Wang Linxi , Zhang Jianjun , Zhang Yong , Yu Huogen , Qu Yinhu , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a mild but versatile oxidizing agent with extensive applications in bleaching, wastewater purification, medical treatment, and chemical synthesis. The state‐of‐art H2O2 production via anthraquinone oxidation is hardly considered a cost‐efficient and environment‐friendly process because it requires high energy input and generates hazardous organic wastes. Photocatalytic H2O2 production is a green, sustainable, and inexpensive process which only needs water and gaseous dioxygen as the raw materials and sunlight as the power source. Inorganic metal oxide semiconductors are good candidates for photocatalytic H2O2 production due to their abundance in nature, biocompatibility, exceptional stability, and low cost. Progress has been made to enhance the photocatalytic activity toward H2O2 production, however, H2O2 photosynthesis is still in the laboratory research phase since the productivity is far from satisfaction. To inspire innovative ideas for boosting the H2O2 yield in photocatalysis, the most well‐studied metal oxide photocatalysts are selected and the modification strategies to improve their activity are listed. The mechanisms for H2O2 production over modified photocatalysts are discussed to highlight the facilitating role of the modification methods. Besides, methods for the quantification of H2O2 and associated radical intermediates are provided to guide future studies in this field.
Compressive strength of efficient self‐compacting concrete with rice husk ash, fly ash, and calcium carbide waste additives using multiple artificial intelligence methods
Authors: Mustafa Mohamed Abdeliazim , Osman Bashir Maaz , Dirar Samir , Beshir Osman Nisreen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe principal benefit of mixed concrete is to minimize the disadvantages of certain complementary cement ingredients by combining them with other better materials so that overall costs are managed and efficiencies of concrete production are increased. The structural and economic characteristics of concrete can also be improved. In this work, the compressive strength (CS) of self‐compacting concrete (SCC) was assessed and their interrelations were addressed using binary and ternary cementitious combinations of rice husk, fly ash (FA), and calcium carbide. Accordingly, various admixtures were prepared with diverse amounts of wastes by substituting ordinary Portland cement (5%). Thus, due to the raising of rice husk and FA, the CS of SCC was considerably improved. To raise the accuracy of the analysis, three soft computing models of particle swarm optimization (PSO), adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and artificial neural network (ANN) were used. Six input parameters comprising FA replacement ratio, rice husk, total cementitious material, water cement ratio, high ratio water reducing agent and age of samples (AS), and one output parameter as the CS of SCC have been investigated. Subsequently, following the root mean square error and R2 results, three methods were shown as reliable tools for assessing the influence of cementitious material on CS of self‐compact concrete; however, ANFIS remarkably was better than ANN and PSO. As a result, rice husk showed less contribution to the strength of concrete at short times, but much at longer time than FA and calcium carbide. The enhanced influence of low amount of calcium carbide on CS was not significant. Also, it was found that the specimen incorporating of cement with 15% calcium carbide showed better workability than that of normal SCC specimen without calcium. Therefore, rice husk ash showed higher potential to be applied as partial replacements in SCC production.
Introduction: Can the Sendai Framework, the Paris Agreement, and Agenda 2030 Provide a Path Towards Societal Resilience?
Authors: Flood Stephen , Jerez Columbié Yairen , Le Tissier Martin , O’Dwyer Barry 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Global Risk Report 2021 highlights the portfolio of risks that may reshape the world in the coming years (WEF, The Global Risks Report 2021 (16th ed.). ISBN: 978-2-940631-24-7. http://wef.ch/risks2021, 2021). Although the global portfolio of risks is dominated by the existential crisis of climate change, the Covid-19 pandemic presents an immediate experience of how risk can upend and disrupt our societies and economies. It has highlighted existing global inequalities and demonstrated the scope and scale of cascading socio-ecological impacts. The impacts of climate change on global communities will likely dwarf the disruption brought on by the pandemic, with impacts being more diffuse and pervasive over a longer time frame. The chapter sets out the nature of the climate change problem and the potential value in integrating the agendas of Climate Change Adaptation, Disaster Risk Reduction and the Sustainable Development Goals to increase societal resilience. It then describes the scope of the book under its three sections:

Best practice approaches

Irish case studies

International case studies

Lessons learned are then presented from the studies set out within the volume, followed by challenges and potential solutions to realising the ambition of resilience. Finally, a set of overarching conclusions are drawn.
Towards a Resilient Riverine Community: A Case Study in Sadong Jaya, Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Wong Swee Kiong , Abdullah Regina Garai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study highlights the vulnerabilities faced by a resource-deprived riverine community in Borneo (the Sadong Jaya community), particularly in dealing with different types of socio-ecological risks enhanced by the impacts of climate change. The sustainable development goals (SDGs) promote resilience and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) as cornerstones of sustainable development. It is in this light that this chapter studies how a local community can sustain their livelihoods while coping with environmental and economic stresses and shocks. Comparisons and reflections are then made by referring to the findings of past studies carried out among other riverine communities to highlight the similarities and, more importantly, the uniqueness of adaptation mechanisms. Findings presented in the chapter are derived from content analysis based on the data collected from four Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and in-depth interviews with the key informants. Despite the fact that Borneo is a resource-rich region where most areas are blessed with an abundance of resources, there are also regions that have limited natural and economic or capital assets, or limited access to them. This situation raises the question of how a community that is located in a disadvantaged region, resource-wise, can adapt and strive to become more resilient. These findings illustrate the need for a comprehensive community strategy to reduce risk, increase resilience and support long-term survival.
Reimagining Our Menu for Sustainable Development
Authors: Rogers Adam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis chapter examines the pivotal role of food in realising the ambitions of the global agendas of climate change adaptation (CCA), disaster risk reduction (DRR) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The chapter advocates for a reduction in red (mammal) meat consumption and provides evidence that doing so will directly contribute to the achievement of seven of the 17 SDGs: Goal 2) Zero hunger; Goal 3) Good health and wellbeing; Goal 6) Clean water and sanitation; Goal 12) Responsible consumption and production; Goal 13) Climate action; Goal 14) Life below water, and Goal 15) Life on land. The chapter plots out a path to improved global sustainability, with greater societal resilience through changes in global food consumption choices. Citing the EAT-Lancet Commission, the chapter proposes that government policies and subsidies will need to be redirected away from harmful agricultural practices and towards ones that are better for our health, for our environment and for our economies.
Clothing the Emperor: Supporting National Climate Change Action in Ireland Through Local Governance Networks
Authors: Smith Glen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Irish Government has set out policies and a governance framework for implementing action on climate change. However, the potential for local governance architecture to support this process has perhaps been overlooked. This chapter explores how this architecture is not an obstacle in implementing change, but a potential asset, and how it could be mobilised and enticed to deliver a lot more on climate action, sustainable development and disaster risk reduction (DRR). The coastal town of Youghal in County Cork provides an Irish case study through which the value of local governance for climate action is expounded. The chapter also recommends further research to consider the potential for local focus groups to seek sustainable pathways. The ‘sustainable pathways’ concept encourages broad input into decision points that support the selection of sustainable future trajectories, based on an understanding of risk, vulnerability and opportunity.
Radiation Belts and Their Environment
Authors: Koskinen Hannu E. J. , Kilpua Emilia K. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Van Allen radiation belts of high-energy electrons and ions, mostly protons, are embedded in the Earth’s inner magnetosphere where the geomagnetic field is close to that of a magnetic dipole. Understanding of the belts requires a thorough knowledge of the inner magnetosphere and its dynamics, the coupling of the solar wind to the magnetosphere, and wave–particle interactions in different temporal and spatial scales. In this introductory chapter we briefly describe the basic structure of the inner magnetosphere, its different plasma regions and the basics of magnetospheric activity.
Dynamics of the Electron Belts
Authors: Koskinen Hannu E. J. , Kilpua Emilia K. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this chapter we discuss the overall structure and dynamics of the electron belts and some of their peculiar features. We also consider the large-scale solar wind structures that drive geomagnetic storms and detail the specific responses of radiation belts on them. Numerous satellite observations have highlighted the strong variability of the outer electron belt and the slot region during the storms, and the energy and L-shell dependence of these variations. The belts can also experience great variations when interplanetary shocks or pressure pulses impact the Earth, even without a following storm sequence.
On the superconformal index of Chern-Simons theories and their KK spectrometry
Authors: Kim Hyojoong , Kim Nakwoo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study the large-N limit of superconformal index for two strongly interacting Chern-Simons theories in three dimensions with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetry, and compare the result against the AdS/CFT dual, namely the data of full Kaluza-Klein reduction spectra obtained using the exceptional field theory technique. The two theories of interest are mABJM and GJV theories, which are obtained as IR fixed point of RG whose UV description is ABJM and maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory respectively. We confirm agreement and the duality persists. For the case of mABJM it turns out that we need a refinement of the gravity index which reflects the fact that the UV description on the field theory side has enhanced global symmetry.
Supersymmetry breaking deformations and phase transitions in five dimensions
Authors: Bertolini Matteo , Mignosa Francesco 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We analyze a recently proposed supersymmetry breaking mass deformation of the E1 superconformal fixed point in five dimensions which, at weak gauge coupling, leads to pure SU(2) Yang-Mills and which was conjectured to lead to an interacting CFT at strong coupling. We provide an explicit geometric construction of the deformation using brane-web techniques and show that for large enough gauge coupling a global symmetry is spontaneously broken and the theory enters a new phase which, at infinite coupling, displays an instability. The Yang-Mills and the symmetry broken phases are separated by a phase transition. Depending on the structure of the potential, this can be first or second order.
Multiple mass hierarchies from complex fixed point collisions
Authors: Faedo Antón F. , Hoyos Carlos , Mateos David , Subils Javier G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A pair of complex-conjugate fixed points that lie close to the real axis generates a large mass hierarchy in the real renormalization group flow that passes in between them. We show that pairs of complex fixed points that are close to the real axis and to one another generate multiple hierarchies, some of which can be parametrically enhanced. We illustrate this effect at weak coupling with field-theory examples, and at strong coupling using holography. We also construct complex flows between complex fixed points, including flows that violate the c-theorem.
Aligned natural inflation in the Large Volume Scenario
Authors: Angus Stephen , Choi Kang-Sin , Shin Chang Sub 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We embed natural inflation in an explict string theory model and derive observables in cosmology. We achieve this by compactifying the type IIB string on a Calabi-Yau orientifold, stabilizing moduli via the Large Volume Scenario, and configuring axions using D7-brane stacks. In order to obtain a large effective decay constant, we employ the Kim-Nilles-Peloso alignment mechanism, with the required multiple axions arising naturally from generically anisotropic bulk geometries. The bulk volumes, and hence the axion decay constants, are stabilized by generalized one-loop corrections and subject to various conditions: the Kähler cone condition on the string geometry; the convex hull condition of the weak gravity conjecture; and the constraint from the power spectrum of scalar perturbations. We find that all constraints can be satisfied in a geometry with relatively small volume and thus heavy bulk axion mass. We also covariantize the convex hull condition for the axion-dilaton-instanton system and verify the normalization of the extremal bound.
Fabrication of micro-structured tools for the production of curved metal surfaces by pulsed electrochemical machining
Authors: Mankeekar Tejas , Bähre Dirk , Durneata Dan , Hall Thomas , Lilischkis Rainer , Natter Harald , Saumer Monika 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA new, scalable process chain for the fabrication of curved micro-structured metallic tools is developed and evaluated. Arrays of arrows, circles, semicircles and rings with final lateral dimensions of 124 to 819 µm are realised on the tools and successfully transmitted in one process step to stainless steel workpieces with a functional area of 6.5 cm2using pulsed electrochemical machining. Photolithography-etching or micromilling are applied as initial micro-structuring processes, resulting in micro-structured master forms. These forms are copied into reusable silicon forms. This is followed by epoxy casting and electroforming to obtain the final tools. The tools are made of Nickel and have a diameter of 34 mm. Whilst micromilling, photolithography, silicon casting, epoxy casting and electroforming copy the structures very precisely, the wet etching process induces a widening of the dimensions due to the isotropic character of the process. The advantage of the process chain is the reusability of the master as well as of the silicone forms, which can be copied very precisely and easily with scalable processes to get precision tools with relatively large micro-structured areas. The reusability of the forms makes the fabrication of micro-structured tools relatively cost-efficient. The use of photolithography as the initial structuring process enables the generation of arbitrary, user-defined geometries for the micro-structures on the tool surface. The process chain described has the potential to fabricate lateral structure sizes on tools down to one micrometre.
Endovascular therapy in basilar artery occlusion in Sweden 2016–2019—a nationwide, prospective registry study
Authors: Ramgren Birgitta , Frid Petrea , Norrving Bo , Wassélius Johan , Ullberg Teresa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose
We present the first nationwide study on endovascular therapy for basilar artery occlusion (BAO) from early hospital management to 3-month outcome.

Methods
Data were collected on all acute ischaemic stroke patients registered 2016–2019 in the two national quality registers for stroke care and endovascular therapy (EVT), receiving EVT for BAO and subclassified into proximal, middle and distal.

Results
In all, 251 patients were included: 69 proximal, 73 middle and 109 distal BAO. Patients with proximal BAO were younger (66, middle 71, distal 76, p < 0.0001), less often female (27.5%, middle 47.9%, distal 47.7%, p = 0.015), more often smokers (28.6%, middle 20.3%, distal 11.5%, p < 0.0001), and fewer had atrial fibrillation (13.2%, middle 24.7%, distal 48.6%, p < 0.0001). Level of consciousness and NIHSS score did not differ by BAO subtype and 52.2% were alert on admission. Time from groin puncture to revascularization was significantly longer in patients with proximal BAO (71, middle 46, distal 42 min, p < 0.0001), and angioplasty and/or stenting was more often performed in patients with proximal (43.4%) and middle (27.4%) than distal (6.4%) BAO (p < 0.0001). Cumulative 90-day mortality was 38.6% (proximal 50.7%, middle 32.9%, distal 34.9%, p = 0.02). Older and pre-stroke dependent patients had higher mortality, as did patients in whom angioplasty/stenting was performed.

Conclusion
We confirm a serious outcome in BAO despite endovascular therapies, and demonstrate important differences relating to occlusion location in baseline characteristics, procedural time, therapeutic measures and outcome. Further in-depth analyses of factors affecting outcome in BAO are warranted.
Aerobic Methanotrophy and Co-occurrence Networks of a Tropical Rainforest and Oil Palm Plantations in Malaysia
Authors: Ho Adrian , Zuan Ali Tan Kee , Mendes Lucas W. , Lee Hyo Jung , Zulkeflee Zufarzaana , van Dijk Hester , Kim Pil Joo , Horn Marcus A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Oil palm (OP) plantations are gradually replacing tropical rainforest in Malaysia, one of the largest palm oil producers globally. Conversion of lands to OP plantations has been associated with compositional shifts of the microbial community, with consequences on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While the impact of the change in land use has recently been investigated for microorganisms involved in N2O emission, the response of the aerobic methanotrophs to OP agriculture remains to be determined. Here, we monitored the bacterial community composition, focusing on the aerobic methanotrophs, in OP agricultural soils since 2012, 2006, and 1993, as well as in a tropical rainforest, in 2019 and 2020. High-affinity methane uptake was confirmed, showing significantly lower rates in the OP plantations than in the tropical rainforest, but values increased with continuous OP agriculture. The bacterial, including the methanotrophic community composition, was modified with ongoing OP agriculture. The methanotrophic community composition was predominantly composed of unclassified methanotrophs, with the canonical (Methylocystis) and putative methanotrophs thought to catalyze high-affinity methane oxidation present at higher relative abundance in the oldest OP plantation. Results suggest that the methanotrophic community was relatively more stable within each site, exhibiting less temporal variations than the total bacterial community. Uncharacteristically, a 16S rRNA gene-based co-occurrence network analysis revealed a more complex and connected community in the OP agricultural soil, which may influence the resilience of the bacterial community to disturbances. Overall, we provide a first insight into the ecology and role of the aerobic methanotrophs as a methane sink in OP agricultural soils.