bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral isotretinoin treatment in patients with acne vulgaris during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A retrospective cohort study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Demirel Öğüt Neslihan , Kutlu Ömer , Erbağcı Ece 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with acne vulgaris continue to present increasingly in dermatology outpatient clinics and seek treatment during the COVID‐19 pandemic. As far as we know, the effect of isotretinoin on COVID‐19 has not been studied before.AimWe aimed to evaluate whether patients receiving oral isotretinoin are at increased risk of COVID‐19 infection by comparing them with patients on topical treatment for acne vulgaris.MethodsThe data were collected retrospectively from a cohort of 267 acne vulgaris patients, who were under follow‐up for acne vulgaris treatment during the pandemic period.ResultsTotal of 227 patients (141 receiving isotretinoin treatment and 86 receiving topical treatment) were included of whom 29 patients had COVID‐19 infection during acne vulgaris treatment. Fifteen (10.6%) patients were receiving oral isotretinoin and 14 (16.3%) were receiving topical acne treatment at the time of COVID‐19 infection. The mean cumulative dose was 2340 ± 1988 mg at the time of COVID‐19 infection. The mean elapsed time between the onset of isotretinoin treatment and positive PCR result for COVID‐19 was 13.3 ± 10.3 weeks. Nine patients (64.3%) receiving isotretinoin treatment and 9 patients (60%) under topical treatment had loss of taste and smell during COVID‐19 infection. Isotretinoin treatment was not found to be associated with a significant increased risk of getting COVID‐19 (odds ratio, 0.671; 95% confidence interval, 0.247–1.823; P = 0.434).ConclusionAs a conclusion, the results of this study encourage dermatologists and acne vulgaris patients to initiate oral isotretinoin treatment safely during the pandemic period.
Post‐stroke blood–brain barrier disruption predicts poor outcome in patients enrolled in the ACTION study
Authors: Leigh Richard , Hitomi Emi , Hutchison R. Matthew , Elkins Jacob 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeA prior study found a link between post‐stroke blood–brain barrier disruption and functional outcomes. The current study aimed to replicate this finding in a cohort of patients recruited in the context of a randomized clinical trial.MethodsThe ACTION trial was a study of natalizumab in acute stroke patients. Patients with MRI‐perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) were included in this post‐hoc analysis. Blood‐brain permeability images (BBPI) were calculated from the PWI source images. Mean BBPI values from the 24 h time point were compared with modified Rankin scores (mRS) at 5, 30, and 90‐day assessments using linear regression. Good functional outcome (mRS< = 1) was compared with mean BBPI using logistic regression.ResultsOne hundred and nineteen patients were included in the analysis (median age = 74, 43% female). Higher mean BBPI was associated with worse mRS at 5 days (p = 0.002; r2 = 0.078) and 30 days (p = 0.036; r2 = 0.039) but did not reach statistical significance at 90 days (p = 0.30; r2 = 0.010). When removing high‐value outliers, all outcome measures showed a stronger relationship with mean BBPI. Logistic regression found that with every 1% increase in mean BBPI measured 24 h after the stroke, the likelihood of achieving a good functional outcome at 90 days is decreased by half (OR = 0.53; CI = 0.30:0.95; p = 0.032).ConclusionsWith sufficient image quality, elevated BBPI measured in the days after an ischemic event is predictive of worse functional outcome and may serve as a biomarker for post‐stroke inflammation.
The psychology of bureaucracy: A normative account inspired by Rom Harré
Authors: Moghaddam Fathali M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuring the last years of his life, I had a number of discussions with Rom Harré about the puzzling growth of inefficient bureaucracy around the world. He was particularly critical of the sharp rise in the number of administrators at Oxford, Georgetown, and other universities in which he had invested his academic life. In this paper, I provide a normative account of inefficient bureaucracy inspired by Harré. I give priority to narratives that sustain normative systems ‘out there’ ‐ both beyond individuals, and enmeshing individuals. Through the metaphor of an inverted pyramid with seven levels of identity threat, I interpret the growth of inefficient bureaucracy in organizations as associated with collective narratives about threats against ‘us,’ with identity threat serving as justification and motivation to adopt and expand inefficient bureaucracy. In the final section, I briefly discuss the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in bureaucracy, and possible solutions to inefficient bureaucracy suggested by the normative model.
Determination of the route of excretion of robenacoxib (Onsior™) in cats and dogs: A pilot study
Authors: King Jonathan N. , Jung Martin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe objective of the studies was to determine the route of excretion, faecal or urinary, of the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) robenacoxib (Onsior™) in cats and dogs. The studies employed a two‐part crossover design in 4 beagle dogs (2 female and 2 male, age 36–41 months and body weight 9.0–10.3 kg) and a parallel group comparison of two groups each of 3 domestic short‐hair cats (2 female and 4 castrated male, age 35–73 months and body weight 3.0–5.7 kg). Animals were administered single doses of 1 (dog) or 2 (cat) mg/kg of [14C]‐robenacoxib by intravenous (IV) and oral routes. Venous blood samples were taken and analysed for robenacoxib concentration. Faeces and urine were collected for 4 (cats) or 7 (dogs) days and analysed for radioactivity. Robenacoxib was eliminated rapidly from blood (≤ 8 hr). In dogs, expressed as the percentage of the administered dose and adjusted so that faecal plus urine recovery was 100%, the mean (SD) excretion in faeces and urine was, respectively, 64.6% (4.30) and 35.4% (4.3) after IV and 66.7% (6.9) and 33.3% (6.9) after oral administration. The respective values in cats, in faeces and urine, were 72.5% (4.6) and 27.5% (4.6) after IV and 78.5% (2.6) and 21.5% (2.6) after oral administration. In conclusion, excretion of systemically available robenacoxib in cats and dogs was mixed via both faeces and urine, but predominately faecal (~64.6% in dogs and ~72.5% in cats) and assumed to be via biliary excretion.
Effect of a dynamic mattress on chest compression quality during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Torsy Tim , Deswarte Wim , Karlberg Traav Malin , Beeckman Dimitri 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn‐hospital cardiac arrest is a medical emergency that occurs on a regular basis. As patients most at risk for an in‐hospital cardiac arrest are usually positioned on a dynamic mattress, it is important to measure the effect of mattress compressibility on chest compression quality during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). High‐quality CPR is essential for patient survival and good neurological outcome.Aims and objectivesTo examine the effect of an inflated dynamic overlay mattress on chest compression quality during CPR and to explore the predictive effect of health care providers' anthropometric factors, hand positioning and mattress type on chest compression frequency and depth.DesignManikin‐based single‐blinded randomised controlled trial.MethodsNursing students (N = 70) were randomised to a control (viscoelastic foam mattress) or intervention group (inflated dynamic overlay mattress on top of a viscoelastic foam mattress) and had to perform chest compressions over a 2‐minute period. Compression rate, depth and hand positioning were registered. The 2015 European Resuscitation Council (ERC) guidelines were used as a reference.ResultsThe mean difference in chest compression depth between control and intervention groups was 2.86 mm (P = .043). Both groups met the guidelines for adequate chest compression quality, as recommended by the ERC. A predictive effect of health care providers' body height and weight, mattress type and hand positioning on compression depth could be demonstrated (P = .004).ConclusionsCPR in bedridden patients on a dynamic overlay mattress has a negative effect on the quality of chest compressions. Mean chest compression depth decreases significantly. However, clinical significance of the results may be debatable. Mattress type, body weight and hand positioning appear to be significant predictors for adequate chest compression depth.Relevance to clinical practiceA firm surface under the patient is needed during CPR. Special attention must be paid to correct hand positioning during CPR.
Cover Image
Authors: Xie Qingqing , Yu Qi , Jobe Timothy O. , Pham Allis , Ge Chennan , Guo Qianqian , Liu Jianxiu , Liu Honghong , Zhang Huijie , Zhao Yunde , Xue Shaowu , Hauser Felix , Schroeder Julian I. 
Published: April 2021

The cover image is based on the Original Article An amiRNA screen uncovers redundant CBF and ERF34/35 transcription factors that differentially regulate arsenite and cadmium responses by Qingqing Xie et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14023.image
Predictive effect of antithyroid antibody for relapse of Graves' disease
Authors: Yoshizawa Kazuko , Aso Keiko , Satoh Mari 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe remission rate in children with Graves' disease (GD) after 2–6 years of antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment is 40–50%. It has been reported that it is difficult to predict the GD prognosis based on the thryroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibody (TRAb) level at the cessation of ATD treatment. We studied whether the persistence of negative TRAb at ATD treatment cessation increased the remission rate in pediatric patients with GD.MethodsWe included 22 patients diagnosed with GD who discontinued ATD treatment after confirmation of negative TRAb on two or more consecutive tests. Remission was defined as the maintenance of normal thyroid function, including serum TSH level, with negative TRAb more than 2 years after ATD discontinuation.ResultsOf the 22 patients, 12 achieved remission (remission rate 54.5%), with no significant between‐group difference in the median duration of ATD treatment in the remission and relapse groups (4.4 vs 3.9 years). Of the 10 patients who relapsed, four (40.0%) relapsed within 2 years after ATD discontinuation, and 4 (40.0%) relapsed more than 5 years after ATD discontinuation.ConclusionsThe persistence of negative TRAb at ATD treatment cessation might indicate prolonged duration of remission but does not increase the final remission rate in patients with childhood‐onset GD.
Ruthenium‐based Photoactive Metalloantibiotics†
Authors: Jain Avijita , Garrett Noah T. , Malone Zachary P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAntibiotic resistance is one of the world's most urgent public health problems. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising therapy to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. The aPDT combines a photosensitizer and light to generate reactive oxygen species to induce bacterial inactivation. Ruthenium polypyridyl complexes are significant because they possess unique photophysical properties that allow them to produce reactive oxygen species upon photoirradiation, which leads to cytotoxicity. These antimicrobial agents cause bacterial cell death by DNA and cytoplasmic membrane damage. This article presents a comprehensive review of photoactive antimicrobial properties of kinetically inert and labile ruthenium complexes, nanoparticles coupled photoactive ruthenium complexes, and photoactive ruthenium nanoparticles. Additionally, limitations of current ruthenium‐based photoactive antimicrobial agents and future directions for the development of antibiotic‐resistant photoactive antimicrobial agents are discussed. It is important to raise awareness for the ruthenium‐based aPDT agents in order to develop a new class of photoactive metalloantibiotics capable of combating antibiotic resistance.
Germination, viability and dormancy of 47 species from threatened tropical montane grassland in southeast Brazil: Implications forex situconservation
Authors: de Andrade L. G. , Sánchez‐Tapia A. , de Andrade A. C. S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo mitigate anthropogenic impacts on plant diversity in tropical montane grasslands, one of the most threatened ecosystems in Brazil, it will be essential to developex situconservation strategies to preserve wild species. The lack of basic research on the seed storage behaviour of grassland species may, however, limit their use for reintroduction and restoration projects.We investigated seed storage behaviour at the community level by comparing the effects of cold–low RH (10 °C; 10% RH) and freezing–low RH (20 °C; 10% RH) conditions on seed viability, germination and dormancy of 47 species.Fresh seeds of 43% of the species showed primary dormancy. More than half of the species showed high seed survival responses (viability >60%) under both storage temperatures. Despite a variety of dormancy responses among the different species, the low RH storage conditions tested released dormancy for most species during 12‐ and 30‐month storage times. Multivariate analysis of the best (freezing–low RH, 30 months) storage condition evidenced the formation of five distinct groups, three with species having high conservation potential in seed banks.Although further studies are needed to test dormancy‐breaking treatments and improve seed conservation practices, this first approach to assessing seed banking techniques could contribute to demand for locally adapted seeds for ecological restoration projects in tropical montane grasslands.
Silicon modulates nitro‐oxidative homeostasis along with the antioxidant metabolism to promote drought stress tolerance in lentil plants
Authors: Biju Sajitha , Fuentes Sigfredo , Gupta Dorin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLentil is the fifth most important grain legume growing in arid/semi‐arid regions of the world. Drought is one of the major constraints leading up to 50% of production losses just in lentil. Application of silicon (Si) has been shown to be a promising solution to improve drought tolerance; however, the biochemical mechanisms and interactions involved are not fully understood, especially in legumes. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Si on drought stress tolerance of lentil genotypes. Seven lentil genotypes with different drought tolerance levels (tolerant, moderately tolerant and sensitive) were subjected to moderate and severe drought stress at the onset of the reproductive stage. Results showed that different drought stress treatments significantly decreased the above ground biomass, water status and the concentration of chlorophyll pigments, whereas Si supplementation of drought stressed lentil genotypes significantly improved the same traits, irrespective of their drought tolerant levels. On the other hand, Si effect on osmoregulation leads to a decline in the membrane damage and osmolytes (proline and glycine betaine) concentration in drought‐stressed lentil. Application of Si to drought‐stressed lentil plants significantly maintained the nitro‐oxidative homeostasis by balancing the concentrations of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and nitrous oxide, thereby reducing the oxidative damage caused due to drought stress. Furthermore, Si supplementation also stimulated the efficiency of the glutathione (GSH)‐ascorbate (ASC) cycle by increasing the concentrations of GSH and ASC as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes like ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, dehydro‐ascorbate reductase and nitrate reductase for better protection of cell membranes from reactive oxygen species. Although Si showed the same regulatory mechanisms in all the studied genotypes to protect lentil plants from moderate and severe drought stress, the defensive role of Si against drought stress was more conspicuous in drought sensitive genotypes than in the tolerant ones. Thus, this study suggests the protective role of Si on drought‐stressed lentil genotypes through the modulation of nitro‐oxidative homeostasis and antioxidant defence responses.
Influence of maternal and additive genetic effects on offspring growth traits in Beetal goat
Authors: Magotra Ankit , Bangar Yogesh C. , Chauhan Ashish , Malik B.S. , Malik Z.S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to obtain estimates of variance components and genetic parameters for direct and maternal effects on various growth traits in Beetal goat by fitting four animal models, attempting to separate direct genetic, maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects under restricted maximum likelihood procedure. The data of 3,308 growth trait records of Beetal kids born during the period from 2004 to 2019 were used in the present study. Based on best fitted models, the direct additive h2 estimates were 0.06, 0.27, 0.37, 0.17 and 0.10 for birth weight (BWT), weight at 3 (WT3), 6 (WT6), 9 (WT9) and 12 (WT12) months of age, respectively. Maternal permanent environmental effects significantly contributed for 10% and 7% of total variance for BWT and WWT, respectively, which reduced direct heritability by 40 and 10% for respective traits from the models without these effects. For average daily gain (ADG1) and Kleiber ratios (KR1) up to weaning period (3 months) traits, maternal permanent environmental effects accounted for 7% and 8% of phenotypic variance, respectively, and resulted in a reduction of 6.6% and 5.4% in direct h2 of respective traits. For post‐weaning traits, the maternal effects were non‐significant (p > .05) which indicates diminishing influence of mothering ability for these traits. High and positive genetic correlations were obtained among WT3‐WT6, WT6‐WT9 and WT9‐WT12 with correlations of 0.96 ± 0.25, 0.84 ± 0.23 and 0.90 ± 0.13, respectively. Thus, early selection at weaning age can be practised taking into consideration maternal variation for effective response to selection in Beetal goat.
Dynamics of Money Market Interest Rates in Ghana: Time‐Frequency Analysis of Volatility Spillovers
Authors: Akosah Nana Kwame , Alagidede Imhotep Paul , Schaling Eric 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs the second longest practicing inflation targeting economy in Africa, it is of interest to investigate the degree to which policy interest rate influences other money market rates so as to gauge the overall effectiveness of monetary policy transmission in Ghana. This study evaluates the degree of connectedness among money market rates and also determines the most dominant money market rate(s) in Ghana. The basic finding is that the monetary policy rate has a low‐to‐moderate influence on volatility dynamics of other money market rates in Ghana across historical time‐interval and time‐frequency domains. This is a reflection of a generally weak capability of policy interest rate to drive other market rates in Ghana. Both monetary policy rate and Treasury bill rate are net transmitters of shocks, while interbank, lending and saving rates are net receivers of shocks in the money market. However, the Treasury bill emerges as the largest shock transmitter in the money market, across all forecast horizons and analytical domains. The lending rate is the largest shock recipient in the money market, largely from the Treasury bill rate which suggests ample evidence of fiscal dominance in Ghana. The study accentuates the exigency for monetary and fiscal policies to expeditiously address the domestic structural bottlenecks, especially in the financial sector and the fragile fiscal profile, in order to strengthen policy transmission in Ghana.
Allelic variants of the NLR protein Rpi‐chc1 differentially recognize members of the Phytophthora infestans PexRD12/31 effector superfamily through the leucine‐rich repeat domain
Authors: Monino‐Lopez Daniel , Nijenhuis Maarten , Kodde Linda , Kamoun Sophien , Salehian Hamed , Schentsnyi Kyrylo , Stam Remco , Lokossou Anoma , Abd‐El‐Haliem Ahmed , Visser Richard G.F. , Vossen Jack H. 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYPhytophthora infestans is a pathogenic oomycete that causes the infamous potato late blight disease. Resistance (R) genes from diverse Solanum species encode intracellular receptors that trigger effective defense responses upon the recognition of cognate RXLR avirulence (Avr) effector proteins. To deploy these R genes in a durable fashion in agriculture, we need to understand the mechanism of effector recognition and the way the pathogen evades recognition. In this study, we cloned 16 allelic variants of the Rpi‐chc1 gene from Solanum chacoense and other Solanum species, and identified the cognate P. infestans RXLR effectors. These tools were used to study effector recognition and co‐evolution. Functional and non‐functional alleles of Rpi‐chc1 encode coiled‐coil nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (CNL) proteins, being the first described representatives of the CNL16 family. These alleles have distinct patterns of RXLR effector recognition. While Rpi‐chc1.1 recognized multiple PexRD12 (Avrchc1.1) proteins, Rpi‐chc1.2 recognized multiple PexRD31 (Avrchc1.2) proteins, both belonging to the PexRD12/31 effector superfamily. Domain swaps between Rpi‐chc1.1 and Rpi‐chc1.2 revealed that overlapping subdomains in the leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) domain are responsible for the difference in effector recognition. This study showed that Rpi‐chc1.1 and Rpi‐chc1.2 evolved to recognize distinct members of the same PexRD12/31 effector family via the LRR domain. The biased distribution of polymorphisms suggests that exchange of LRRs during host–pathogen co‐evolution can lead to novel recognition specificities. These insights will guide future strategies to breed durable resistant varieties.
OsTTG1, a WD40 repeat gene, regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice
Authors: Yang Xinghai , Wang Junrui , Xia Xiuzhong , Zhang Zongqiong , He Jie , Nong Baoxuan , Luo Tongping , Feng Rui , Wu Yanyan , Pan Yinghua , Xiong Faqian , Zeng Yu , Chen Can , Guo Hui , Xu Zhijian , Li Danting , Deng Guofu 
Published: April 2021

SummaryAnthocyanins play an important role in the growth of plants, and are beneficial to human health. In plants, the MYB‐bHLH‐WD40 (MBW) complex activates the genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis. However, in rice, the WD40 regulators remain to be conclusively identified. Here, a crucial anthocyanin biosynthesis gene was fine mapped to a 43.4‐kb genomic region on chromosome 2, and a WD40 geneOsTTG1(Oryza sativa TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1) was identified as ideal candidate gene. Subsequently, a homozygous mutant (osttg1) generated by CRISPR/Cas9 showed significantly decreased anthocyanin accumulation in various rice organs.OsTTG1was highly expressed in various rice tissues after germination, and it was affected by light and temperature. OsTTG1 protein was localized to the nucleus, and can physically interact with Kala4, OsC1, OsDFR and Rc. Furthermore, a total of 59 hub transcription factor genes might affect rice anthocyanin biosynthesis, andLOC_Os01g28680andLOC_Os02g32430could have functional redundancy withOsTTG1. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that directional selection has driven the evolutionary divergence of theindicaandjaponica OsTTG1alleles. Our results suggest thatOsTTG1is a vital regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, and an important gene resource for the genetic engineering of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice and other plants.