bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melanic pigmentation and light preference within and between two Drosophila species
Authors: Cooley Arielle M. , Schmitz Suzanne , Cabrera Eduardo J. , Cutter Mitchell , Sheffield Maxwell , Gingerich Ian , Thomas Gabriella , Lincoln Calvin N. M. , Moore Virginia H. , Moore Alexandra E. , Davidson Sarah A. , Lonberg Nikhil , Fournier Eli B. , Love Sophia M. , Posch Galen , Bihrle Matthew B. , Mayer Spencer D. , Om Kuenzang , Wilson Lauren , Doe Casey Q. , Vincent Chantalle E. , Wong Elizabeth R. T. , Wall Ilona , Wicks Jarred , Roberts Stephon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnvironmental adaptation and species divergence often involve suites of co‐evolving traits. Pigmentation in insects presents a variable, adaptive, and well‐characterized class of phenotypes for which correlations with multiple other traits have been demonstrated. In Drosophila, the pigmentation genes ebony and tan have pleiotropic effects on flies' response to light, creating the potential for correlated evolution of pigmentation and vision. Here, we investigate differences in light preference within and between two sister species, Drosophila americana and D. novamexicana, which differ in pigmentation in part because of evolution at ebony and tan and occupy environments that differ in many variables including solar radiation. We hypothesized that lighter pigmentation would be correlated with a greater preference for environmental light and tested this hypothesis using a habitat choice experiment. In a first set of experiments, using males of D. novamexicana line N14 and D. americana line A00, the light‐bodied D. novamexicana was found slightly but significantly more often than D. americana in the light habitat. A second experiment, which included additional lines and females as well as males, failed to find any significant difference between D. novamexicana‐N14 and D. americana‐A00. Additionally, the other dark line of D. americana (A04) was found in the light habitat more often than the light‐bodied D. novamexicana‐N14, in contrast to our predictions. However, the lightest line of D. americana, A01, was found substantially and significantly more often in the light habitat than the two darker lines of D. americana, thus providing partial support for our hypothesis. Finally, across all four lines, females were found more often in the light habitat than their more darkly pigmented male counterparts. Additional replication is needed to corroborate these findings and evaluate conflicting results, with the consistent effect of sex within and between species providing an especially intriguing avenue for further research.
Versatile Synthesis of Diaminoxylosides via Iodosulfonamidation of Xylal Derivatives
Authors: Jaeschke Sven Ole , Lindhorst Thisbe K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstractd‐Xylose is a special monosaccharide found in various organisms, which is characterized by conformational dynamics between different pyranose ring forms depending on the substitution pattern. With a perspective to study the conformational equilibria of xylosides and eventually use them as conformational switches, we sought an entry into a flexible synthesis of 2,4‐diamino‐xylosides. In particular, we synthesized 4‐bromophenyl 2,4‐diamino‐3‐O‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐β‐d‐xyloside from l‐arabinose utilizing a concomitant epimerization and differentiation at position 4 and iodosulfonamidation of a difunctional xylal at a later stage of the synthetic pathway. This strategy provides xylose derivatives with high stereochemical precision and a high degree of functionalization. The obtained xylose derivatives are of interest as conformational hinge molecules and as orthogonally protected triamino scaffold molecules.
Enhanced Immunosensor Using a Handheld pH Meter for the Point‐of‐Care, Sensitive Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen
Authors: Gao Rong , Liu Bingqian , Luo Dajuan , Su Yonghuan , Su Lixia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn enhanced handheld pH meter based immunosensor was proposed for point‐of‐care, quantitative determination of prostate specific antigen (PSA). Monoclonal antibody‐functionalized magnetic beads (MB‐Ab1) were prepared to capture PSA in sample, and subsequently bond to polyclonal antibody‐immobilized gold nanoparticles‐polyamide‐amine dendrite‐lead ion (GO‐PAMAM‐Pb2+) and dispersed in H2S solution. Based on negative Gibbs free energy of formation, PbS (solubility product constant Ksp=8.0×10−28 was formed by reaction of Pb2+ and H2S. Hence, the pH of solution increased due to the H+ appeared, and the resulting pH value was monitored by a handheld pH meter.
One‐stop fabrication of triboelectric nanogenerator based on 3D printing
Authors: Liu Guoxu , Gao Yuyu , Xu Shaohang , Bu Tianzhao , Xie Yuanyuan , Xu Chaoqun , Zhou Han , Qi Youchao , Zhang Chi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is suitable for collecting low frequency and weak mechanical energy, which has great prospects in powering distributed wireless sensor network nodes. Seeking economical, simple, and efficient fabrication method is highly interesting for researchers who focus on green innovation energy development. Here, we proposed a one‐stop fabrication method of the TENG based on three‐dimensional (3D) printing. A series of functional printing inks were first prepared by doping nickel powders and polytetrafluoroethylene micro particles into the Dragon Slow Skin 10 (DSS10) substrate with different proportions. Each layer of the TENG in contact‐separation mode can be printed in sequence with prepared inks at a programmable three‐axis translation stage, which is of complete encapsulation, isotropy, flexibility, and stretchability. On the basis, the 3D‐printed plantar energy collector and energy‐harvesting bracelet are fabricated and implanted on the soles and wrists, respectively, which can collect biomechanical energy and continuously power portable electronic devices including electronic watch and thermometer. This work provides the advanced fabrication strategy for TENG with low cost and environmental friendliness, which demonstrates great prospects of TENG in standardized and mass manufacturing.image
sEEG for expansion of a surgical epilepsy program: Safety and efficacy in 152 consecutive cases
Authors: Miller Christopher , Schatmeyer Bryan , Landazuri Patrick , Uysal Utku , Nazzaro Jules , Kinsman Michael J. , Camarata Paul J. , Ulloa Carol M. , Hammond Nancy , Pearson Caleb , Shah Vishal , Cheng Jennifer J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveStereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) is an intracranial encephalography method of expanding use. The need for increased epilepsy surgery access has led to the consideration of sEEG adoption by new or expanding surgical epilepsy programs. Data regarding safety and efficacy are uncommon outside of high‐volume, well‐established centers, which may be less applicable to newer or low‐volume centers. The objective of this study was to add to the sEEG outcomes in the literature from the perspective of a rapidly expanding center.MethodsA retrospective chart review of consecutive sEEG cases from January 2016 to December 2019 was performed. Data extraction included demographic data, surgical data, and outcome data, which pertinently examined surgical method, progression to therapeutic procedure, clinically significant adverse events, and Engel outcomes.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐two sEEG procedures were performed on 131 patients. Procedures averaged 10.5 electrodes for a total of 1603 electrodes. The majority (84%) of patients progressed to a therapeutic procedure. Six clinically significant complications occurred: three retained electrodes, two hemorrhages, and one failure to complete investigation. Only one complication resulted in a permanent deficit. Engel 1 outcome was achieved in 63.3% of patients reaching one‐year follow‐up after a curative procedure.SignificanceNew or expanding epilepsy surgery centers can appropriately consider the use of sEEG. The complication rate is low and the majority of patients progress to therapeutic surgery. Procedural safety, progression to therapeutic intervention, and Engel outcomes are comparable to cohorts from long‐established epilepsy surgery programs.
Pharmacologic activation of hepatic farnesoid X receptor prevents parenteral nutrition–associated cholestasis in mice
Authors: El Kasmi Karim C. , Ghosh Swati , Anderson Aimee L. , Devereaux Michael W. , Balasubramaniyan Natarajan , D’Alessandro Angelo , Orlicky David J. , Suchy Frederick J. , Shearn Colin T. , Sokol Ronald J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Parenteral nutrition (PN)–associated cholestasis (PNAC) complicates the care of patients with intestinal failure. In PNAC, phytosterol containing PN synergizes with intestinal injury and IL‐1β derived from activated hepatic macrophages to suppress hepatocyte farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling and promote PNAC. We hypothesized that pharmacological activation of FXR would prevent PNAC in a mouse model.

Approach and Results
To induce PNAC, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to intestinal injury (2% dextran sulfate sodium [DSS] for 4 days) followed by central venous catheterization and 14‐day infusion of PN with or without the FXR agonist GW4064. Following sacrifice, hepatocellular injury, inflammation, and biliary and sterol transporter expression were determined. GW4064 (30 mg/kg/day) added to PN on days 4–14 prevented hepatic injury and cholestasis; reversed the suppressed mRNA expression of nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4 (Nr1h4)/FXR, ATP‐binding cassette subfamily B member 11 (
Abcb11)/bile salt export pump, ATP‐binding cassette subfamily C member 2 (Abcc2), ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4(Abcb4), and ATP‐binding cassette subfamily G members 5/8(Abcg5/8); and normalized serum bile acids. Chromatin immunoprecipitation of liver showed that GW4064 increased FXR binding to the Abcb11 promoter. Furthermore, GW4064 prevented DSS‐PN‐induced hepatic macrophage accumulation, hepatic expression of genes associated with macrophage recruitment and activation (ll‐1b, C‐C motif chemokine receptor 2, integrin subunit alpha M, lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus C), and hepatic macrophage cytokine transcription in response to lipopolysaccharide in vitro. In primary mouse hepatocytes, GW4064 activated transcription of FXR canonical targets, irrespective of IL‐1β exposure. Intestinal inflammation and ileal mRNAs (Nr1h4, Fgf15, and organic solute transporter alpha) were not different among groups, supporting a liver‐specific effect of GW4064 in this model.

Conclusions
GW4064 prevents PNAC in mice through restoration of hepatic FXR signaling, resulting in increased expression of canalicular bile and of sterol and phospholipid transporters and suppression of macrophage recruitment and activation. These data support augmenting FXR activity as a therapeutic strategy to alleviate or prevent PNAC.
Mixed convection of a nanofluid past an inclined wavy surface in the presence of gyrotactic microorganisms
Authors: Srinivasacharya D. , Sita Ramana K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe mixed convection of a nanofluid flow past an inclined wavy surface in the existence of gyrotactic microbes is considered. To convert the wavy surface to a plane surface, a transformation of coordinates is applied. The governing equations that are nonlinear and the accompanying boundary conditions are converted into a dimensionless form using pseudo‐similarity variables. Using a local linearization process, the system of nonlinear partial differential equations is linearized. The resulting system is solved using the Bivariate Chebyshev pseudo‐spectral collocation method. The influence of different physical and geometrical factors on the parameters of engineering importance of the flow is analyzed and illustrated graphically. It is observed that the skin friction, the density of motile microorganisms, and nanoparticle mass transfer rate are increasing with an increase in the bioconvection Peclet and Schmidt numbers whereas these quantities are decreasing with an increase in Rayleigh number. The local Nusselt number, nanoparticle Sherwood number, and density number of microbes increases with an increase in the Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameter. These physical quantities are increasing when the surface changes from horizontal to vertical.
Numerical investigation on performance of convergent–divergent nozzle with multi‐inlet combustion chamber of a rocket engine
Authors: Bhaskar Arun , Sahu Mithilesh K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the present work, a convergent–divergent nozzle with a multi‐inlet combustion chamber of a rocket engine is numerically investigated to precisely understand the flow dynamics and variation of flow properties like pressure, temperature, and velocity distribution. The work also deals with a modified combustion chamber having multiple inlets. According to the entry conditions, when the propellants enter the combustion chamber, they are burning due to high velocity and temperature. Then there is a rapid increase in temperature and pressure in the combustion chamber, and afterward, they decrease over the nozzle's length. In this study, three configurations have been prepared in the design modular of ANSYS, a combined setup of the convergent–divergent nozzle with a combustion chamber with four inlets, six inlets, and one with increased combustion chamber length called a modified combustion chamber configuration. In this analysis, an investigation is performed to see the effect of multi‐inlet and increased length of the combustion chamber on the convergent–divergent nozzle's exit velocity. The results show that the configuration with six inlets modified combustion chamber has a 26.3% increase in velocity than six inlets and 38.6% higher exit velocity than four inlets convergent–divergent nozzle of the rocket engine.
Front Cover Image
Authors: Wu Yujing , Wang Shuo , Li Hong , Chen Liquan , Wu Fan 
Published: August 2021

The highly flammable and volatile organic liquid electrolytes in commercial LIBs (green battery) suffers from serious thermal problems. Substituting liquid electrolytes with solid‐state electrolyte (SE) is a promising solution. This review summarizes thermal stability of all solid‐state battery from the aspects of SE materials, SE‐electrode interface and battery device. The five balls represent different SE materials, including polymer, oxide, sulfide, halide and hydride. The clapboard above the five balls represents the interface between SE and electrode. Above the clapboard, thermal stability of battery device (blue battery) still needs to be explored in the future. (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12224)
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Soil carbon dioxide emissions from maize (Zea mays L.) fields as influenced by tillage management and climate*
Authors: Mohammed Safwan , Mirzaei Morad , Pappné Törő Ágnes , Anari Manouchehr Gorji , Moghiseh Ebrahim , Asadi Hossein , Szabó Szilárd , Kakuszi‐Széles Adrienn , Harsányi Endre 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEmissions of CO2 from the soil are the second‐largest component of the global carbon cycle, which has altered the climate and led to climate change. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the direct impact of climate and soil management systems on soil carbon emissions. Thus, CO2 emissions were measured from maize fields located in two different climate regions (continental and semi‐arid). The experimental design involved two different soil management systems (conventional tillage [CT], non‐tillage [NT]) from two different sites (Debrecen [Hungary], Karaj [Iran]). The results showed that total CO2 emission from the cultivated system (CT) was higher than that from the non‐cultivated (NT) one, regardless of the climate region. However, CO2 emissions from agricultural soil in a humid region are significantly different (p < .05) from semi‐arid regions, which clearly emphasizes the role of climate conditions in the CO2 emission processes. However, the general linear model reveals that all studied variables (soil management systems, date of measurement, soil temperature, soil water content) had a significant (p < .05) effect on soil carbon emission, where the explained variance was 0.866. The findings of this research stress the importance of NT in CO2 mitigations on the farm scale. However, the output could help to draw up mitigation strategies to minimize the total greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soil in both countries.
Front Cover
Authors: Mitrou Androniki , Feng Xin , Khan Ashraf , Yaroslavsky Anna N. 
Published: August 2021

Confocal fluorescence imaging of pathological breast tissue stained with the combination of intravital dye, Methylene Blue (MB), with molecular cancer marker, pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP) conjugated with fluorescent Alexa532 (Alexa532‐pHLIP) enables reliable discrimination of breast cancer from benign tumors.Further details can be found in the article by Androniki Mitrou, Xin Feng, Ashraf Khan, Anna N. Yaroslavsky (e202100007).image
Quality assurance: Evaluation and comparison of methods for electron microscopic measurement of GBM width and the effect of in‐lab calibration in diagnostic renal pathology
Authors: Uner Meral , Demirkol Canlı Secil , Arend Lois J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReplacing equipment and software can improve efficiency and allow updates to laboratory procedures, but has the potential to introduce changes in established values for a laboratory. Replacement of an electron microscope (EM), fitted with an updated digital camera, and use of new software for imaging and analysis prompted this QA study to ensure that new equipment, imaging, and measurement of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) produced data consistent with the laboratory's established range of normal width. GBM measurements from 14 randomly selected human renal biopsies were compared using five different approaches. Original measurements of GBMs obtained on the laboratory's previous EM were compared to images collected on the new microscope with measurements performed using new software, as well as the original images and the new images measured using a separate software method as a control. The widths obtained by five approaches were compared to each other. While measurements showed minor variability between the approaches, significant difference in GBM width was noted in three of the paired comparisons. In some cases, these differences suggested slight diagnostic changes. Evaluation of new equipment, software, and techniques is important for a laboratory's quality assurance. While new equipment and/or procedures can introduce errors in test outcomes, we found that different EMs, cameras, and software made slight differences in our laboratory's values for kidney GBM width. However, a few cases showed enough difference in GBM width to suggest a change in diagnosis, illustrating the necessity of calibration adjustments in the setting of new equipment and software.
Characterization of coxsackievirus A10 strains isolated from children with hand, foot, and mouth disease
Authors: Zhang Jie , Xu Danhan , Liu Hongbo , Zhang Ming , Feng Changzeng , Cong Shanri , Sun Hao , Yang Zhaoqing , Ma Shaohui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious disease that threatens the health of children under 5 years of age. Coxsackievirus A10 (CV‐A10) is one of the main pathogens of HFMD. Currently, preventive vaccines and specific therapeutic drugs are not available for CV‐A10. In this study, a total of 327 stool specimens were collected from pediatric patients from 2009 to 2017 during HFMD surveillance, among which 14 CV‐A10 strains could only be isolated from rhabdomyosarcoma cells, but not from KMB17 and Vero cells. Through adaptive culture, 2 and 11 CV‐A10 strains were recovered from Vero and KMB17 cell cultures, respectively. The growth of CV‐A10 strains in Vero cells was better than that in KMB17 cells. The 14 CV‐A10 strains belonged to the F genotype, and the nucleotides and amino acids of their complete genomes shared 92.6%–96.3% and 98.4%–98.9% identities, respectively. The different CV‐A10 strains exhibited varying virulence in vivo, but had similar effects on tissue injury, with the hind limb muscles, kidneys, and lungs being severely affected. Additionally, the hind limb muscles had the highest viral loads. CV‐A10 was found to exhibit a strong tropism to muscle tissue. The results of this study are critical to developing vaccines against CV‐A10 infections.
Assessment of clinical outcomes in renal transplant recipients with COVID‐19
Authors: Yilmaz Gulay , Ebru Ozdemir , Ibrahim Berber , Ulkem Cakir 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has affected more than a hundred million individuals and caused more than three million deaths worldwide. Specific risk groups were defined for increased risk of mortality and morbidity in COVID‐19, and renal transplant recipients are at a significantly increased risk regarding outcomes due to their immunosuppressed conditions. This study evaluated the general characteristics of kidney transplant recipients with COVID‐19 infection. Among 1257 transplant cases, 56 had COVID‐19 infection, and 23 (41%) were hospitalized during the 9‐month study period. Among all COVID‐19 cases, 58% were male with a mean age of 45.5 (±13.2, 19–71) years, and the most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (70.9%) and diabetes (23.6%). Hospitalized patients were older (p = 0.03) and had higher rates of hypertension (p = 0.008), diabetes (p = 0.002), and ischemic heart disease (p = 0.03). Therapeutic management included antimetabolite withdrawal and prednisolone increase in 71%, calcineurin inhibitor withdrawal in 8% and decrease in 58%, hydroxychloroquine in 17%, tocilizumab in 3%, and antivirals in 67% of patients. Acute kidney injury and respiratory failure developed in 34% and 85%, respectively. The mortality rate was 23%. These results emphasized that the COVID‐19 infection in renal transplant recipients significantly increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, these patients should be intervened earlier and monitored closely to prevent poor outcomes.