bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Adaptation of Acidophilic Archaeal Ammonia Oxidisers Following Different Soil Fertilisation Histories
Authors: Zhao Jun , Wang Baozhan , Zhou Xue , Alam Mohammad Saiful , Fan Jianbo , Guo Zhiying , Zhang Huimin , Gubry-Rangin Cécile , Zhongjun Jia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAmmonia oxidising archaea (AOA) are ecologically important nitrifiers in acidic agricultural soils. Two AOA phylogenetic clades, belonging to order-level lineages of Nitrososphaerales (clade C11; also classified as NS-Gamma-2.3.2) and family-level lineage of Candidatus Nitrosotaleaceae (clade C14; NT-Alpha-1.1.1), usually dominate AOA population in low pH soils. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different fertilisation histories on community composition and activity of acidophilic AOA in soils. High-throughput sequencing of ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) was performed on six low pH agricultural plots originating from the same soil but amended with different types of fertilisers for over 20 years and nitrification rates in those soils were measured. In these fertilised acidic soils, nitrification was likely dominated by Nitrososphaerales AOA and ammonia-oxidising bacteria, while Ca. Nitrosotaleaceae AOA activity was non-significant. Within Nitrososphaerales AOA, community composition differed based on the fertilisation history, with Nitrososphaerales C11 only representing a low proportion of the community. This study revealed that long-term soil fertilisation selects for different acidophilic nitrifier communities, potentially through soil pH change or through direct effect of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. Comparative community composition among the differently fertilised soils also highlighted the existence of AOA phylotypes with different levels of stability to environmental changes, contributing to the understanding of high AOA diversity maintenance in terrestrial ecosystems.
Einstein, von Frisch and the honeybee: a historical letter comes to light
Authors: Dyer Adrian G. , Greentree Andrew D. , Garcia Jair E. , Dyer Elinya L. , Howard Scarlett R. , Barth Friedrich G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe work of the Nobel LaureateKarl von Frisch, the founder of this journal, was seminal in many ways. He established the honeybee as a key animal model for experimental behavioural studies on sensory perception, learning and memory, and first correctly interpreted its famous dance communication. Here, we report on a previously unknown letter by the Physicist and Nobel LaureateAlbert Einsteinthat was written in October 1949. It briefly addresses the work of von Frisch and also queries how understanding animal perception and navigation may lead to innovations in physics. We discuss records proving that Einstein and von Frisch met in April 1949 when von Frisch visited the USA to present a lecture on bees at Princeton University. In the historical context of Einstein’s theories and thought experiments, we discuss some more recent discoveries of animal sensory capabilities alien to us humans and potentially valuable for bio-inspired design improvements. We also address the orientation of animals like migratory birds mentioned by Einstein 70 years ago, which pushes the boundaries of our understanding nature, both its biology and physics.
The performance of private companies in China before and during the global financial crisis: firms’ characteristics and entrepreneurs’ attributes
Authors: Fracasso Andrea , Jiang Kun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work sheds light on how firm- and entrepreneur-specific attributes covariate with Chinese private firms’ growth rates before and during the global financial crisis. In order to do so, we exploit the exceptional presence of data regarding the firms’ sales over the previous three years in the 2010 China Private Enterprises Survey. Firms run by entrepreneurs with a high level of education and a positive subjective perception of their economic and social status tend to grow more in both periods. The age and the gender of the entrepreneurs, on the contrary, are not associated with different growth performances. As shown in the literature, companies that are smaller, more productive and have higher capital at start-up perform better in both periods. Notably, the relationship between firm growth rates and other relevant factors changes between 2007/2008 and 2008/2009: privatized companies outperform the others before the crisis, whereas joint-stock enterprises and companies with articulated systems of corporate governance do better in the crisis period. These and other novel results contribute to the understanding of the heterogeneous performances of the private firms in China and of the evolution of entrepreneurship during its transition toward a market-oriented economy.
A comparative study between CT, MRI, and intraoral US for the evaluation of the depth of invasion in early stage (T1/T2) tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Takamura Masaki , Kobayashi Taichi , Nikkuni Yutaka , Katsura Kouji , Yamazaki Manabu , Maruyama Satoshi , Tanuma Jun-ichi , Hayashi Takafumi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to clarify the accuracy of intraoral ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in preoperative image depth of invasion (DOI) measurement of T1/T2 tongue cancer through comparison with histopathological measurements.

Methods
Imaging of the primary lesions was performed at our hospital; the lesions were classified into T1 and T2 based on the 8th edition of the AJCC/UICC, and surgery performed. There was histopathological confirmation of lesions as squamous cell carcinoma in 48 patients with tongue cancer. T3 and T4 cases, cases in which preoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy were performed, and cases where biopsy was performed before imaging were excluded. The radiological DOI in US, CT, and MRI and the histopathological DOI as base were comparatively investigated and statistical analyses were performed by Bland–Altman analysis and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

Results
Bland–Altman analysis showed that the US radiological DOI was overestimated by an average of 0.2 mm compared to the histopathological DOI, while CT and MRI radiological DOI were overestimated by an average of 2–3 mm. The comparison of CT and MRI revealed that the difference between the MRI and histopathological DOI, as well as the 95% limit of agreement, were smaller than those of the CT radiological DOI.

Conclusions
US is the most accurate preoperative diagnostic tool for T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinoma; CT and MRI tend to have an overestimation of about 2–3 mm and so caution is required.
Leadership Through Influence: What Mechanisms Allow Leaders to Steer a Swarm?
Authors: Bernardi Sara , Eftimie Raluca , Painter Kevin J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCollective migration of cells and animals often relies on a specialised set of “leaders”, whose role is to steer a population of naive followers towards some target. We formulate a continuous model to understand the dynamics and structure of such groups, splitting a population into separate follower and leader types with distinct orientation responses. We incorporate leader influence via three principal mechanisms: a bias in the orientation of leaders towards the destination (orientation-bias), a faster movement of leaders when moving towards the target (speed-bias), and leaders making themselves more clear to followers when moving towards the target (conspicuousness-bias). Analysis and numerical computation are used to assess the extent to which the swarm is successfully shepherded towards the target. We find that successful leadership can occur for each of these three mechanisms across a broad region of parameter space, with conspicuousness-bias emerging as the most robust. However, outside this parameter space we also find various forms of unsuccessful leadership. Forms of excessive influence can result in either swarm-splitting, where the leaders break free and followers are left rudderless, or a loss of swarm cohesion that leads to its eventual dispersal. Forms of low influence, on the other hand, can even generate swarms that move away from the target direction. Leadership must therefore be carefully managed to steer the swarm correctly.
Reduction Mechanism of Fine Hematite Ore Particles in Suspension
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Zeilstra Christiaan , van der Stel Jan , Sietsma Jilt , Yang Yongxiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In order to understand the pre-reduction behaviour of fine hematite particles in the HIsarna process, change of morphology, phase and crystallography during the reduction were investigated in the high temperature drop tube furnace. Polycrystalline magnetite shell formed within 200 ms during the reduction. The grain size of the magnetite is in the order of magnitude of 10 µm. Lath magnetite was observed in the partly reduced samples. The grain boundary of magnetite was reduced to molten FeO firstly, and then the particle turned to be a droplet. The Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov model is proposed to describe the kinetics of the reduction process. Both bulk and surface nucleation occurred during the reduction, which leads to the effect of size on the reduction rate in the nucleation and growth process. As a result, the reduction rate constant of hematite particles increases with the increasing particle size until 85 µm. It then decreases with a reciprocal relationship of the particle size above 85 µm.
Documentation of chaperone presence in breast clinic, a complete audit cycle
Authors: Alameer Aqeel , Mohammed Amira , Elwahab Sami Abd , Boland Michael , Elfadul Amr , Tiwary Tej , Power Colm , Allen Michael , Butt Abeeda , Hill Arnold 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective
The General Medical Council (GMC) and Irish Medical Council (IMC) recommend the presence of a chaperone for all intimate examinations and that it should be clearly documented. The aim of this report is to assess doctors’ compliance with obtaining a chaperone and documenting their presence, determining possible causes of non-compliance and implement interventions to increase compliance.

Methods
Prospective audit of patients seen in the breast clinic in Beaumont hospital over the week starting 8th February 2021. The medical charts were reviewed for documentation of chaperone presence. Doctors were surveyed using (SurveyMonkey) for causes of non-compliance. Interventions included a stamp in the medical notes for chaperone presence and details, an educational email with GMC and IMC guidelines, and posters put up in clinic rooms. The intervention was reassessed at 1-week and 6-week intervals.

Results
In the assessment phase, 126 patients were recruited. A chaperone was present 100% of the time where a male doctor examined a female patient; however, chaperone presence was not documented in any of the medical charts (0/126). A survey was sent to 22 breast surgery doctors to explore causes of non-compliance. Response rate was 95%, 50% did not know documentation was necessary, and 25% forgot to document. One week after intervention, 64 patients were recruited. Chaperone documentation increased to 80% (51/64). Reassessment at six weeks included 120 patients, and chaperone documentation rate was 74% (89/120).
Regulatory Requirements for the Quality of Allergen Products for Allergen Immunotherapy of Food Allergy
Authors: Englert Lisa , Mahler Vera , Bonertz Andreas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Medicinal products for allergen immunotherapy (AIT) of food allergies have gained enormous momentum in recent years. With this new class of products entering marketing authorization procedures, compliance to regulatory requirements becomes a critical element. Here, an overview is provided on specific requirements and aspects concerning the quality control and manufacturing of these products.

Recent Findings
Recent developments in the field of AIT for food allergies are divers, including products for oral, epicutaneous, and subcutaneous application, most notably targeting egg, milk, and peanut allergy. As the source materials for food AIT product are typically produced for food consumption and not for medicinal purposes, unique challenges arise in the manufacturing processes and controls of these medicinal products. Individual approaches are needed to assure acceptable quality, including control of relevant quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Major characteristics for quality verification include determination of protein content, total allergenic activity, and major allergen content. The applied manufacturing processes need to be established such that relevant process parameters are kept within justified limits and consistency of produced batches is assured.

Summary
Allergen products for food AIT present specific challenges with respect to quality aspects that differentiate them from other commonly available AIT products. While established regulation is available and provides clear guidance for most aspects, other issues require consideration of new and individual settings relevant here. Consequently, as experience grows, respective amendments to currently available guidance may be needed.
True Symphalangism of All Bilateral Proximal Interphalangeal Joints with Multi-carpal Coalition and Hypoplasia of the Ulnar Styloid Process
Authors: Yu Hao , Li Chongjie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSymphalangism is a rare genetic condition characterized by ankylosis of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) or/and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints. The patient presented with fused bilateral PIP joints and poor flexion, and an unsatisfactory range of motion (ROM) in the metacarpophalangeal (MP) and DIP joints. Concomitantly, multi-carpal coalition, proximal carpal malalignment, and ulnar styloid process abnormality were also observed in radiographs obtained at diagnosis. Rehabilitation training of the MP and DIP joints and a wrist supporter were recommended to achieve MP and DIP functional motion and restrict dramatic wrist motion. This is the first case report of symphalangism with multi-carpal coalition and abnormality of the ulnar styloid process to the best of our knowledge.
Wie konnte es zur Krise im Rakhine-Staat in Myanmar kommen? Ein Blick zurück nach vorn
Authors: Fox Mandy , Hellmann-Rajanayagam D. , Korff Rüdiger 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungWie konnte es zu dem Konflikt im Rakhine-Staat in Myanmar kommen, der eine Flucht von mehr als 700.000 Muslim*innen nach Bangladesch zur Folge hatte? Um dieser Frage auf den Grund gehen zu können, ist es wichtig, die Ursachen und Hintergründe des Konfliktes zu betrachten und in den historischen Kontext einzubetten. Vielfältige Ebenen überlagern sich in dem Konflikt. Es ist zunächst ein lokaler Konflikt zwischen der muslimischen Minderheit und den buddhistischen Rakhine, desweiteren ein Konflikt zwischen dem Staat Myanmar, den Rakhine und den muslimischen Rohingya und letztlich ein internationaler Konflikt, der vor dem Internationalen Gerichtshof in Den Haag verhandelt wird.
Hydrate formation as a method for natural gas separation into single compounds: a brief analysis of the process potential
Authors: Gambelli Alberto Maria , Rossi Federico 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn both natural gas and petroleum reservoirs, the extracted gas is not only composed of methane: a variable and significant quantity of other compounds, such as different hydrocarbons (ethane, butane, pentane, propane, etc.), inert gas (nitrogen), and toxic and corrosive molecules (i.e., carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide), are present. In order to reach commercial specifications, natural gas has to be treated, in particular for reaching the minimum gross calorific value required and decreasing CO2 and H2S presence under the respective tolerance values. To do this, several different treatments are commonly applied, like inlet separation, sweetening, mercury removal, dehydration, liquid recovery, and, finally, compression for its transportation. Considering the growing demand and the necessity of exploiting also lower quality natural gas reservoirs, in the present paper, an original solution, for performing a gas treatment, is proposed and analyzed. It consists of promoting hydrates formation for both different compounds separation and gas storage. The greatest part of chemicals commonly present in natural gas is capable to form hydrates, but at different thermodynamic conditions than others. Parameters such as the typology of stored compound and the formation process efficiency are mainly related to partial pressure of each element. Here, the present strategy has been explored and the results achievable were shown. In particular, different possible natural gas compositions were taken into account and specifications required for gas commercialization were considered target of the process. Results led to different possibilities of raw gas treatment: in some cases, gas separation led to contemporary CH4 storage into hydrate structures, while, in the presence of different mixture compositions, contaminants were trapped into water cages and methane (and, eventually, other hydrocarbon compounds) remained in the gas phase.
Distinctive clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 and H1N1 influenza infections among hospitalized pediatric patients
Authors: Asseri Ali Alsuheel , Shati Ayed A. , Al-Qahtani Saleh M. , Alzaydani Ibrahim A. , Al-Jarie Ahmed A. , Alaliani Mohammed J. , Ali Abdelwahid Saeed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
It had been documented in many studies that pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by low infectivity rates, low mortalities, and benign disease course. On the other hand, influenza type A viruses are recognized to cause severe and fatal infections in children populations worldwide. This study is aimed to compare the clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 and H1N1 influenza infections.

Methods
A retrospective study comprising 107 children hospitalized at Abha Maternity and Children Hospital, Southern region of Saudi Arabia, with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and H1N1 influenza infections was carried out. A complete follow-up for all patients from the hospital admission until discharge or death was made. The clinical data and laboratory parameters for these patients were collected from the medical records of the hospital.

Results
Out of the total enrolled patients, 73 (68.2%) were diagnosed with COVID-19, and 34 (31.8%) were diagnosed with H1N1 influenza. The median age is 12 months for COVID-19 patients and 36 months for influenza patients. A relatively higher number of patients with influenza had a fever and respiratory symptoms than COVID-19 patients. In contrast, gastrointestinal symptoms were observed in a higher number of COVID-19 patients than in influenza patients. A statistically significant increase in white cell counts is noted in COVID-19 but not in influenza patients (P < 0.05). There are no obvious variations in the mean period of duration of hospitalization between COVID-19 and influenza patients. However, the total intensive care unit length of stay was longer for influenza compared to COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions
A considerable number of children infected with COVID-19 and H1N1 influenza were noted and reported in this study. There were no significant variations in the severity of the symptomatology and laboratory findings between the two groups of patients. Significant differences between these patients in some hospitalization factors and diagnosis upon admission also were not observed. However, more severe clinical manifestations and serious consequences were observed among pediatric patients hospitalized with influenza infections than among those with COVID-19.
A Literature Review on Interactions Between Stakeholders Through Accessibility Indicators Under Mobility as a Service Context
Authors: PHAM Hoang Duy , Shimizu Tetsuo , NGUYEN Truong Van 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aims to explore accessibility indicators influencing the interactions between users, transport service providers (TSPs), and a platform operator, generating a conceptual framework for modeling these interactions under Mobility as a Service context. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify all studies focusing on indicators and modeling the interactions. There are limitations in integrating psychological indicators and dynamic pricing into the existing models. Moreover, there are gaps in considering monthly service packages, the efficiency of transport systems, and the perspectives of the TSPs for modeling the demand–supply interactions. The study ends with conclusions, discussions, and directions for further studies.
Editorial
Authors: van Bezooijen Bart 
Published: May 2021

SamenvattingIedere week verheug ik me weer op het NTvG en Medisch Contact. Maar extra blij word ik als daar tegelijkertijd het Tijdschrift voor Urologie bij zit. Dat krijgt dan uiteraard meteen voorrang in de leesvolgorde. Zeker in deze tijd, waarin ons onderling contact beperkt blijft tot zoombijeenkomsten en een Nieuwsbrief. Altijd een klein feestje om dit tijdschrift te lezen.
(Nederlands) Tijdschrift voor Urologie: Van ‘Kloten’ (1992) tot heden
Authors: Lock M.T.W.T. , van der Poel Henk G. 
Published: May 2021

SamenvattingDe jongere collega-urologen (minder dan 10 jaar in het vak) kennen alleen het ‘rode’ Tijdschrift voor Urologie (TvU) , met daarin De Urograaf als apart katern.
Universal Taylor Series in Several Variables Depending on Parameters
Authors: Gavrilopoulos G. , Maronikolakis K. , Nestoridis V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe establish generic existence of Universal Taylor Series on products $$\varOmega = \prod \varOmega _i$$

Ω
=
∏

Ω
i

of planar simply connected domains $$\varOmega _i$$

Ω
i

where the universal approximation holds on products K of planar compact sets with connected complements provided $$K \cap \varOmega = \emptyset $$

K
∩
Ω
=
∅

. These classes are with respect to one or several centers of expansion and the universal approximation is at the level of functions or at the level of all derivatives. Also, the universal functions can be smooth up to the boundary, provided that $$K \cap \overline{\varOmega } = \emptyset $$

K
∩

Ω
¯

=
∅

and $$\{\infty \} \cup [{\mathbb {C}} {\setminus } \overline{\varOmega }_i]$$

{
∞
}

∪

[
C
\

Ω
¯

i

]

is connected for all i. All previous kinds of universal series may depend on some parameters; then the approximable functions may depend on the same parameters, as it is shown in the present paper.