bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term Patterns of Excess Mortality among Endometrial Cancer Survivors
Authors: Anderson C , Bae-Jump V , Broaddus RR , Olshan AF , Nichols HB 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose of the study: Examining long-term patterns of mortality among cancer survivors compared to the general population may inform planning for surveillance and follow-up care. We investigated excess mortality after endometrial cancer using conditional relative survival estimates and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). Methods: Women diagnosed with endometrial cancer during 2000–2017 (N = 183,153) were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. SMRs were calculated as observed deaths among endometrial cancer survivors over expected deaths among demographically similar women in the general U.S. population. Five-year relative survival was estimated at diagnosis and each additional year survived up to 12 years post-diagnosis, conditional on survival up to that year. Results: For the full cohort, 5-year relative survival was 87.7%, 96.2%, and 97.1% at 1, 5, and 10 years post- diagnosis. respectively. Conditional 5-year relative survival first exceeded 95%, reflecting minimal excess mortality compared to the general population, at 4 years post-diagnosis overall, but occurred later for Black women (8 years) compared to White (4 years), and also later for women with regional/distant stage, grade 3 disease, or non- endometrioid histology. The overall SMR for all-cause mortality decreased from 5.90 (95% CI: 5.81–5.99) in the first year after diagnosis to 1.16 (95% CI: 1.13–1.19) at 10+ years; SMRs were consistently higher for non-White women and those with higher stage or grade disease. Conclusions: Overall, endometrial cancer survivors had only a small survival deficit beyond 4 years post- diagnosis. However, excess mortality was greater in magnitude and persisted longer into survivorship for Black women and those with more advanced disease.
Patient Response to Receiving a Notification of Elevated Breast Cancer Risk after Regular Screening Mammogram
Authors: Figueroa WS , Swinehart-Hord PA , Kalister S , Sardesai S , Siddiqi B , Hawley J , Taylor C , Agnese D , Cassingham H , Sweet K , Huber N , Basinger H , Padamsee TJ 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Population-based screening for breast cancer risk can identify unaffected women at elevated risk and inform them of risk-management options. The James Cancer Hospital recently began assessing risk for women undergoing routine screening mammography. Women found to have ≥20% lifetime risk are notified – with their mammogram results via mail and electronic medical record – that they may be at elevated risk of breast cancer and should consider consulting a high-risk provider. This initial study examined findings from a subsample who participated 2–6 weeks post-notification. Purpose: We sought to determine whether women noticed and understood the notification, and to examine their reactions to the notification of elevated risk. Methods: Of 415 women recruited, 150 (36%) completed the survey, which included items to assess memory and comprehension of the notification, and whether participants had (a) seen a healthcare provider since the notification, and (b) discussed breast cancer risk and management options during that appointment. Results: Participants (aged 40–69; mean = 50.8 years) were mostly White (86%), well-educated (77%), and with above-average income (65%). Most remembered receiving the notification (73%), perceived the information not to be complex (73%), and were confident they understood the notification (93%). Somewhat fewer (64%) remembered that the notification indicated they may be at elevated risk for breast cancer, and 44% also recalled the suggestion to meet with a healthcare provider about this risk. Of the 28 participants who had already seen any healthcare provider in the few weeks since the notification, 50% discussed breast cancer risk during that appointment and 25% said they did so because of the notification. Discussions included family cancer history, actual risk of developing breast cancer, and options for additional imaging or testing. Conclusions: These findings indicate that population-based screening associated with routine mammography can motivate women at elevated breast cancer risk to discuss their risk and management options with a healthcare provider. For some proportion of women, however, complementary communication strategies may also be needed to ensure they gain awareness of their higher-risk status.
Physical Activity from Adolescence through Midlife and Associations with Obesity and Endometrial Cancer Risk
Authors: Saint-Maurice PF , Sampson JN , Michels KA , Moore SC , Loftfield E , McClain K , Cook MB , Trabert B , Matthews CE 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
PURPOSE: This study sought to describe the physical activity-endometrial cancer association and potential mediation of this relationship by obesity in midlife. METHODS: Participants were 67,705 women (aged 50–71 years) enrolled in the NIH-AARP cohort who reported their historical leisure-time physical activity patterns starting at age 15–18 years. We identified five long-term physical activity patterns between adolescence and cohort entry (i.e., inactive, maintained-low, maintained-high, increasers, decreasers). We used Cox regression (Hazard ratio - HR [95% CI]) to assess the relationship between these patterns and midlife obesity and endometrial cancer, adjusting for covariates. Mediation analysis was used to decompose the physical activity patterns-endometrial cancer association to estimate the proportion of the physical activity-endometrial cancer association mediated by midlife obesity. RESULTS: During an average 12.3 years of follow-up 1,468 endometrial cancers occurred. Long-term physical activity patterns were inactive, maintained-low, maintained-high, increasers, and decreasers. Compared to long- term inactive women, women who maintained-high or increased activity levels had a 19–26% lower risk for endometrial cancer (maintained-high: HR = 0.81 [0.67, 0.98]; increasers: HR = 0.74 [0.61, 0.91]). They also had a 45–77% lower risk for obesity in midlife (e.g., maintained-high, BMI 30–39.9: HR = 0.50 [0.46, 0.55]; maintained- high, BMI 40+: HR = 0.32 [0.26, 0.39]). Obesity was a significant mediator and appeared to account for 55–63% of the physical activity-endometrial cancer associations observed. CONCLUSIONS: Both initiating and maintaining physical activity throughout adulthood can play a role in preventing obesity and in turn, lowering the risk for endometrial cancer.
Voices of Community Organizations: How Cancer Centers Can Support Communities in the Face of COVID-19
Authors: Austin JD , Lee E , Shelton RC , Hillyer G , Schmitt K , Tehranifar P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: As part of an ongoing effort to support the equitable delivery of cancer care to historically underserved communities in New York City (NYC), we examined the impact of COVID-19 on community outreach organizations working with an NCI-comprehensive cancer center Methods: We conducted 16 semi-structured interviews (30–90 minutes; July-September 2020) with stakeholders (SH) including patient navigators, patient advocates, faith-based leaders, community health, and non-profit organizations in NYC – the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. Using thematic analysis, we characterized experiences and challenges in supporting cancer care delivery during COVID-19. Results: Per SH, COVID-19 required organizations to shift priorities to address day-to-day needs exacerbated by COVID-19 (food insecurity, financial/housing instability, misinformation, emotional distress). Organizations adapted by leveraging existing partnerships, including the cancer center, and partnering with new local/state organizations to broaden their work scope (e.g., COVID-19 testing centers, food pantries, technology training), and disseminate reliable COVID-19 information to communities. All organizations transitioned to virtual platforms creating challenges for those with limited technical resources and often excluded older or isolated populations; thus, many organizations retained a socially distanced in-person component to remain visible and trustworthy within the community. Importantly, SH emphasized the importance of cancer center support via proactive involvement and communication with community members, providing a supportive infrastructure (funding, technical support, personnel), and incorporating community voices into new programs and projects during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: In addition to or in lieu of cancer care delivery efforts, community organizations are compelled to develop innovative approaches that address the more immediate needs of the community resulting from COVID-19. Cancer centers can support their community partners by being responsive and flexible to the community needs, building trust within the community, and strengthening community organizational capacity to reduce the long-term damage of COVID-19 and achieve equity.
Therapeutic Targeting of the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Bejarano Leire , Jordāo Marta J.C. , Joyce Johanna A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Strategies to therapeutically target the tumor microenvironment (TME) have emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment in recent years due to the critical roles of the TME in regulating tumor progression and modulating response to standard-of-care therapies. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the most advanced TME-directed therapies, which have either been clinically approved or are currently being evaluated in trials, including immunotherapies, antiangiogenic drugs, and treatments directed against cancer-associated fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix. We also discuss some of the challenges associated with TME therapies, and future perspectives in this evolving field.

Significance:
This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current therapies targeting the TME, combining a discussion of the underlying basic biology with clinical evaluation of different therapeutic approaches, and highlighting the challenges and future perspectives.
T Cells as the Future of Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ribas Antoni 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Summary:
In the next 10 years, gene-engineered T-cell therapies have the potential to provide broad benefit for the treatment of patients with cancer. Advances in immunology, molecular biology, and bioengineering allow the design of gene-engineered T cells that actively target metastatic lesions, specifically recognize and kill cancer cells, and maintain long-term immunologic memory.
Emerging Trends in Cancer Drug Discovery—From Drugging the “Undruggable” to Overcoming Resistance
Authors: Rudolph Joachim , Settleman Jeff , Malek Shiva 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSummary:Technology advancement and the courage to challenge dogma have been key elements that have continuously shifted druggability limits. We illustrate this notion with several recent cancer drug-discovery examples, while also giving an outlook on the opportunities offered by newer modalities such as chemically induced proximity and direct targeting of RNA. Treatment resistance is a major impediment to the goal of durable efficacy and cure, but the confluence of new biological insights, novel drug modalities, and drug combinations is predicted to enable transformative progress in this decade and beyond.
Improved Detectability of Brain Stem Ischemia by Combining Axial and Coronal Diffusion-Weighted Imaging
Authors: Steffen Paul , Beyer Lara-Sophie , McDonough Rosalie , Thaler Christian , Faizy Tobias , Fiehler Jens , Gbadamosi Joystone , Habermann Christian R. , Schönfeld Michael H. 
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose:
To evaluate the benefit of a coronal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in addition to standard axial DWI for the detection of brain stem infarctions.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of patients with symptoms consistent with acute and subacute brain stem infarction who received magnetic resonance imaging, including axial and coronal DWI. Diffusion restrictions were identified by 2 independent raters blinded for the final clinical diagnosis in 3 separate reading steps: axial DWI, coronal DWI, and combined axial and coronal DWI. Lesion location and certainty level were both documented for each reading step. In cases of reader disagreement, an additional consensus reading was performed.

Results:
Two hundred thirty-nine patients were included. Of these, 124 patients (51.9%) were clinically diagnosed with brain stem infarction. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values were best for combined DWI assessment (90.3%, 99.1%, 99.1%, and 90.5%) compared with axial (85.5%, 94.9%, 94.6%, and 85.8%) and coronal DWI alone (87.9%, 96.5%, 96.5%, and 88.1%). Diffusion restriction on combined DWI was diagnosed in 112/124 patients compared with 106/124 on axial DWI and 109/124 on coronal DWI. Interobserver agreement for the detection of brain stem lesions was the highest in the combined rating step (Cohen κ coefficient=0.94).

Conclusions:
Coronal DWI sequences might improve the detection rate of brain stem infarction compared with standard axial DWI. The combined coronal and axial DWI provides the best detection rate while minimally increasing scan times.
ÖRGÜTSEL DESTEK ALGISININ İŞE TUTKUNLUK ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: CİNSİYETİN DÜZENLEYİCİ ROLÜ
Authors: ERKAL Pınar 
Published: April 2021

ÖRGÜTSEL DESTEK ALGISININ İŞE
TUTKUNLUK ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: CİNSİYETİN
DÜZENLEYİCİ ROLÜ

ÖZET

Bu çalışmanın amacı; işe tutkunluk
ile örgütsel destek algısı ilişkisini tespit etmek ve işe tutkunluk düzeyinin
demografik değişkenlere göre farklılık oluşturup oluşturmayacağını test
etmektir. Ayrıca araştırmanın diğer bir amacı, örgütsel destek algısının işe
tutkunluk üzerindeki etkisinde cinsiyetin düzenleyici rolünü tespit etmektir.
Araştırmada veriler anket yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler SPSS
programı ve SPSS programına eklenen PROCESS makrosu yazılımı ile analiz
edilmiştir. Araştırma örneklemini Balıkesir ilindeki 375 çalışan katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre örgütsel destek
algısı ile işe tutkunluk arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur.
Örgütsel destek algısının işe tutkunluk üzerindeki etkisinde cinsiyetin
düzenleyici rolü bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca
t-testi sonucunda cinsiyete göre işe tutkunluk düzeyinin farklılaştığı sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Örgütsel
Destek Algısı, İşe Tutkunluk, Cinsiyet

Jel Sınıflandırması :
M12, M54, D23
Seeing at a Glance
Authors: Marcacci Flavia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
During the 17th century, the debate over the true world system (sistema mundi) was essentially between the heliocentric and geo-heliocentric models. Comparisons were made between tables that recorded more and more celestial observations in various printed astronomical works. Giovanni Battista Riccioli’s Almagestum novum (1651) provides an excellent example of how tables were used. Riccioli wanted to find the best hypothesis (hypothesis absoluta) with the help of a rigorous database from which he could proceed to make mathematical deductions. Tables in early modern astronomical books were important because they showed the results of observations. Presented in a clear way they became persuasive visual arguments.
Interpretation in Good Faith and Its Relevance in International Investment Law
Authors: Sipiorski Emily 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The principle of good faith drives forward the interpretation of provisions of international investment treaties. While the tribunal must interpret the treaty in good faith, the parties – as well as the tribunal – are also obliged to fulfil their treaty and contractual obligations in good faith. This creates a complex interplay of interpreting customary international law in the form of behavioural obligations. During this period of reconsideration of the system, these interpretative and behavioural aspects of the principle of good faith may provide an opening to a more cohesive system of investment protection. The following contribution approaches the tribunals’ power to interpret the good faith behavioural obligations of parties and considers its future value.
Hurricanes vs Nor’easters: The Effects of Storm Type on Perceived Severity and Protective Actions
Authors: Cuite Cara L. , Morss Rebecca E. , Demuth Julie L. , Hallman William K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBoth hurricanes and nor’easters can be destructive and deadly. The current study investigates whether, when all other features of a storm warning message are held constant, people perceive the risks posed by nor’easters and hurricanes differently and whether these differences affect their attitudes and decisions about taking protective action. We conducted an online experiment involving 1,700 Americans residing in northeastern coastal ZIP codes to test the effects of storm type (hurricane vs nor’easter). Participants were told that their area was under an evacuation order due to either a predicted hurricane or nor’easter. Reported message comprehension and perceived relevance were similar across storm type; however, storm type had small but significant effects on other dependent measures. Those in the hurricane condition were more likely to believe the storm would be severe (p = 0.007). They were also more likely to say that it is important to evacuate, that they would evacuate their homes, and that they would recommend to their neighbors that they evacuate (p < 0.001). Additional analysis demonstrated that the effect of storm type on evacuation likelihood is mediated, at least in part, by perceived severity. These findings provide evidence that people perceive hurricanes as more severe and more likely to require taking protective action than nor’easters, even when other attributes of the storms remain the same. Forecasters, broadcast meteorologists, and emergency management professionals should consider these small but important differences in perceptions when communicating about these types of storms.
Lightning Fatalities and Injuries in Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Basanta Raj 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLightning is one of the most devastating hazards in Nepal because of a large amount of atmospheric water vapor coming from the Indian Ocean and a large orographic lifting of this moist air. In 2019, a total of 2884 people were affected, with loss of USD 110,982, and the fatality number was the highest (94) in reported lightning events since 1971. The long-term analysis of this hazard is very scanty in Nepal. Therefore, this study analyzes lightning fatality events, fatality rates, and economic loss from 1971 to 2019 collected from the DesInventar dataset and the Disaster Risk Reduction portal of the government of Nepal using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and geographic information system (ArcGIS) tools. The analysis shows that the overall countrywide lightning fatality rate of the entire period is 1.77 per million per year. District lightning fatality rates range from 0.10 to 4.83 per million people per year, and the Bhaktapur district has the highest fatality density (0.067). Furthermore, there were a total of 2501 lightning fatality events in which 1927 people lost their lives and 20 569 people were affected. The increase in lightning fatality events in recent years is due to internet penetration and other measures of information gathering that result in lightning fatality reports reaching agencies collecting information. The high and low concentrations of loss and damage are mainly due to geographic distribution, population density, and economic activities. This study recommends the establishment of lightning early warning systems in the Nepal Himalayas to save life and property.
Defining relationships between geometry and behavior of bistable composite laminates
Authors: Phatak Salil , Myers Oliver J , Li Suyi , Fadel George 
Published: April 2021

Bistability is exhibited by an object when it can be resting in two stable equilibrium states. Certain composite laminates exhibit bistability by having two stable curvatures of opposite sign with the two axes of curvature perpendicular to each other. These laminates can be actuated from one state to the other. The actuation from the original post-cure shape to the second shape is called as ‘snap-through’ and the reverse actuation is called as ‘snap-back’. This phenomenon can be used in applications for morphing structures, energy harvesting, and other applications where there is a conflicting requirement of a structure that is load-carrying, light, and shape-adaptable. MW Hyer first reported this phenomenon in his paper in 1981. He found that thin unsymmetric laminates do not behave according to the predictions of the Classical Lamination Theory (CLT). The CLT is a linear theory and predicts the post-cure shape of thin unsymmetric laminates to be a saddle. MW Hyer developed a non-linear method called the “Extended Classical Lamination Theory” which accurately predicted the laminate to have two cylindrical shapes. Since then, a number of researchers have tried to identify the key parameters affecting the behavior of such laminates. Geometric parameters such as stacking sequence, fibre orientation, cure cycle, boundary conditions, and force of actuation, have all been studied. The objective of this research is to define a relation between the length, width and thickness of square and rectangular laminates required to achieve bistability. Using these relations, a 36 in × 36 in bistable laminate is fabricated with a thickness of 30 CFRP layers. Also, it is proved that a laminate does not lose bistability with an increase in aspect ratio, as long as both sides of the rectangular laminate are above a certain ‘critical length’. A bistable laminate with dimensions of 2 in × 50 in is fabricated. Further, for laminates that are bistable, it is necessary to be able to predict the curvature and force required for actuation. Therefore, a method is developed which allows us to predict the curvature of both stable shapes, as well as the force of actuation of laminates for which the thickness and dimensions are known. Finite Element Analysis is used to carry out the numerical calculations, which are validated by fabricating laminates. The curvature of these laminates is measured using a profilometer and the force of actuation is recorded using a universal test set-up.