bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation analysis of fluid-solid coupling of water-iubricated bearings
Authors: Liu Yong , Lao Xingsheng , Dai Chunhui , Yao Shiwei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The numerical simulation analysis of the fluid-solid coupling of the ship’s boring water-lubricated bearing is carried out to study the influence law of the inclination and eccentricity of the rotating shaft on the pressure distribution and fluid flow state in the bearing. The results show that the tilt of the rotating shaft changes the shape of the inner flow passage of the water-lubricated bearing, resulting in unstable flow in the bearing. When rotating shaft is in normal, the pressure value in the water-lubricated bearing decreases first and then increases in the axial direction. However, after the rotation of the shaft is tilted, the change of the pressure value is the opposite; the stress of the rubber layer generally shows an increasing trend with the increase of the inclination angle.
Effect of titanium addition on the oxidation resistance of Fe–13Cr-5Al-0.3Ti alloy in air between 700 °C–1100 °C
Authors: Li Peng , Li Shuai , Li Yuping , Li Guoping , Liu Jie , Wang Jian , Han Peide 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cyclic oxidation tests were carried out on a Fe–13Cr–5Al–0.3Ti alloy over a temperature range of 700 °C–1100 °C in air. The composition and structure of the oxide layer were characterized by SEM and XRD, and the influence of temperature and Ti on the oxidation mechanism was analyzed. The results demonstrated that a dense α-Al2O3 oxide layer was formed on the surface of the substrate at 900 °C, which inhibited the outward diffusion of Ti and made the alloy more resistant to oxidation. However, when the temperature was increased to 1000 °C, the oxide layer could not effectively inhibit the outward diffusion of the Ti. In particular, the oxide formed on alloys treated 1100 °C was divided into two layers, where the inner layer was a dense α-Al2O3 oxide layer and the outer layer was TiO2 oxide layer.
Neural message passing on high order paths
Authors: Flam-Shepherd Daniel , Wu Tony C , Friederich Pascal , Aspuru-Guzik Alan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Graph neural networks have achieved impressive results in predicting molecular properties, but they do not directly account for local and hidden structures in the graph such as functional groups and molecular geometry. At each propagation step, graph neural networks aggregate only over first order neighbours and can only learn about important information contained in subsequent neighbours as well as the relationships between those higher order connections—over many propagation steps. In this work, we generalize graph neural nets to pass messages and aggregate across higher order paths. This allows for information to propagate over various levels and substructures of the graph. We demonstrate our model on a few tasks in molecular property prediction.
Atom cloud detection and segmentation using a deep neural network
Authors: Hofer Lucas R , Krstajić Milan , Juhász Péter , Marchant Anna L , Smith Robert P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We use a deep neural network (NN) to detect and place region-of-interest (ROI) boxes around ultracold atom clouds in absorption and fluorescence images—with the ability to identify and bound multiple clouds within a single image. The NN also outputs segmentation masks that identify the size, shape and orientation of each cloud from which we extract the clouds’ Gaussian parameters. This allows 2D Gaussian fits to be reliably seeded thereby enabling fully automatic image processing. The method developed performs significantly better than a more conventional method based on a standardized image analysis library (Scikit-image) both for identifying ROI and extracting Gaussian parameters.
Noise Exposure and Evaluation at Tire- Changing Facilities
Authors: Willson-Kerns Cory , Brazile William J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Thirty (30) personal noise-exposure samples were collected on 20 tire-changing and repair technicians in three tire-changing facilities to determine their personal noise exposures and to estimate the maximum number of tire changes that could be performed without exceeding occupational exposure limits. Of the 30 projected 8-h time-weighted average noise samples, none exceeded the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s Permissible Exposure Limit, 1 (3%) exceeded the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s Action Level, and 18 (60%) exceeded the American Conference for Governmental Industrial Hygienists Threshold limit Value of 85 dBA, indicating the need for a hearing loss prevention program. The average shift time for the technicians was 6 h and 42 min and the average number of tire changes was 18. Based on the projected 8-h noise exposure 95% upper confidence limits, the estimated maximum number of tires that could be changed without exceeding the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s noise action level was 32 tires, the permissible exposure limit greater than 40 tires, and the American Conference of Industrial Hygienists’ Threshold Limit Value was less than 20 tires. In addition, area noise samples of tire-changing equipment were taken with a sound-level meter to identify the noise sources that contributed to the tire technicians’ exposures. The air ratchet, tire-changing machine, and tire-bead seater were measured at noise levels &gt;85 dBA, increasing the risk of noise-induced hearing loss to the technicians.
Prediction of tumor purity from gene expression data using machine learning
Authors: Koo Bonil , Rhee Je-Keun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMotivationBulk tumor samples used for high-throughput molecular profiling are often an admixture of cancer cells and non-cancerous cells, which include immune and stromal cells. The mixed composition can confound the analysis and affect the biological interpretation of the results, and thus, accurate prediction of tumor purity is critical. Although several methods have been proposed to predict tumor purity using high-throughput molecular data, there has been no comprehensive study on machine learning-based methods for the estimation of tumor purity.ResultsWe applied various machine learning models to estimate tumor purity. Overall, the models predicted the tumor purity accurately and showed a high correlation with well-established gold standard methods. In addition, we identified a small group of genes and demonstrated that they could predict tumor purity well. Finally, we confirmed that these genes were mainly involved in the immune system.AvailabilityThe machine learning models constructed for this study are available at https://github.com/BonilKoo/ML_purity.
Early cancer detection from genome-wide cell-free DNA fragmentation via shuffled frog leaping algorithm and support vector machine
Authors: Liu Linjing , Chen Xingjian , Wong Ka-Chun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Early cancer detection is significant for patient mortality rate reduction. Although machine learning has been widely employed in that context, there are still deficiencies. In this work, we studied different machine learning algorithms for early cancer detection and proposed an Adaptive Support Vector Machine (ASVM) method by synergizing Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm and Support Vector Machine (SVM) in this study.

Results
Since ASVM regulates SVM for parameter adaption based on data characteristics, the experimental results reflected the robust generalization capability of ASVM on different datasets under different settings; for instance, ASVM can enhance the sensitivity by over 10% for early cancer detection compared with SVM. Besides, our proposed ASVM outperformed Grid Search + SVM and Random Search + SVM by significant margins in terms of the area under the ROC curve (AUC) (0.938 versus 0.922 versus 0.921).

Availability and implementation
The proposed algorithm and dataset are available at https://github.com/ElaineLIU-920/ASVM-for-Early-Cancer-Detection.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Impact of STIMUlant and osmotic LAXatives (STIMULAX trial) on gastrointestinal recovery after colorectal surgery: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Dudi-Venkata N N , Kroon H M , Bedrikovetski S , Lewis M , Lawrence M J , Hunter R A , Moore J W , Thomas M L , Sammour T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Recovery of gastrointestinal (GI) function is often delayed after colorectal surgery. Enhanced recovery protocols (ERPs) recommend routine laxative use, but evidence of benefit is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether the addition of multimodal laxatives to an ERP improves return of GI function in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.

Methods
This was a single-centre, parallel, open-label RCT. All adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection or having stoma formation or reversal at the Royal Adelaide Hospital between August 2018 and May 2020 were recruited into the study. The STIMULAX group received oral Coloxyl® with senna and macrogol, with a sodium phosphate enema in addition for right-sided operations. The control group received standard ERP postoperative care. The primary outcome was GI-2, a validated composite measure defined as the interval from surgery until first passage of stool and tolerance of solid intake for 24 h in the absence of vomiting. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of prolonged postoperative ileus (POI), duration of hospital stay, and postoperative complications. The analysis was performed on an intention-to-treat basis.

Results
Of a total of 170 participants, 85 were randomized to each group. Median GI-2 was 1 day shorter in the STIMULAX compared with the control group (median 2  (i.q.r. 1.5–4) versus 3 (2–5.5) days; 95 per cent c.i. –1 to 0 days; P = 0.029). The incidence of prolonged POI was lower in the STIMULAX group (22 versus 38 per cent; relative risk reduction 42 per cent; P = 0.030). There was no difference in duration of hospital day or 30-day postoperative complications (including anastomotic leak) between the STIMULAX and control groups.

Conclusion
Routine postoperative use of multimodal laxatives after elective colorectal surgery results in earlier recovery of gastrointestinal function and reduces the incidence of prolonged POI. Registration number: ACTRN12618001261202 (www.anzctr.org.au)
P21 Appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic: to operate or not to operate, that is the question
Authors: Antakia Ramez , Xanthis Athanasios , Georgiades Fanourios , Hudson Victoria , Ashcroft James , Rooney Siobhan , Singh Aminder A , O'Neill John R , Fearnhead Nicola , Hardwick Richard H , Davies R Justin , Bennett John M H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
During the Covid-19 pandemic, non-operative management for acute appendicitis (AA) was implemented in the UK. Aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and outcomes of conservative versus surgical management of AA during the pandemic.

Materials & Methods
We conducted an observational study in a tertiary referral centre. Data was collected from patients (≥16 years) with a diagnosis of AA between 1st November 2019 to 10th March 2020 (pre-COVID period) and 10th March 2020 to 5th July 2020 (COVID period).

Results
A total of 116 patients in the pre-COVID period were included versus 91 in the COVID period. 43.1% (n = 50) of patients pre-COVID were classified as ASA 2 compared to 26.4% (n = 24) during the COVID period (p-value=0.042). 72.5% (n = 66) of the patients during the COVID period scored as high risk using the Alvarado score compared to 24.1% (n = 28) in the pre-COVID period (p-value&lt;0.001). We observed a significant increase in radiological evaluation, 69.8% versus 87.5% of patients had a CT in the pre-COVID and COVID periods respectively (p-value=0.008). 94.9% of patients were managed operatively in the pre-COVID period compared to 60.4% in the COVID period (p-value&lt;0.001). We observed more open appendicectomies (37.3% versus 0.9%; p-value&lt;0.001) during the COVID period compared to the pre-COVID period. More abscess formation and free fluid were found intraoperatively in the COVID period (p-value= 0.021 and 0.023 respectively). Re-attendance rate due to appendicitis-related issues was significantly higher in the COVID period (p = 0.027).

Conclusion
Radiological diagnosis of AA was more frequent during the COVID period. More conservative management for AA was employed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and for those managed operatively an open approach was preferred. Intra-operative findings were suggestive of delayed presentation during the COVID period without this affecting the length of hospital stay.
P25 AVN and complication rate following Intracapsular fracture Neck of Femur fixation in the under 60s. – Derby experience
Authors: Sian Ross , Keane Conal , Tambe Amol 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Neck of femur fractures (NOF#) are common in Trauma and Orthopaedics and Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a major complication. Guidance advises fixation within 48 hours, with no separate guidance for under 60 years of age. We reviewed factors affecting the complication rate in intracapsular NOF#’s undergoing fixation under the age of 60.

Methodology
We retrospectively reviewed a 5 year cohort (2013-2017) of intracapsular NOF#’s with native femoral head retention. 49 patients were identified. The following were determined: • Time to fixation from presentation in ED - 0-6hrs, 6-12hrs, 12-18hrs, 18-24hrs, 24-48hrs, 48+hrs: • Fixation type - Cannulated screw (CS), Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS), DHS + CS: • Complications – AVN, Non-union: • Displaced/Undisplaced

Results
31 were undisplaced, 18 displaced. 82% (N = 40) were treated with CS, 10% (N = 5) with DHS and 8% (N = 4) with DHS + CS. Overall 21% developed AVN and 10% developed non-union. After undisplaced fractures 19% developed AVN and 10% developed non-union. After displaced fractures 22% developed AVN and 11% developed non-union. 40 patients were fixed using CS, 20% developed AVN and 12.5% had non-union. AVN occurred in 20% of those fixed with a DHS and 25% fixed with DHS and CS.
No AVN was identified in the 0-6 hr fracture fixation time range.

Conclusion
No patients receiving fixation in less than 6 hours went on to have AVN or non-union, with higher rates after this time. There was no difference in outcome regarding AVN when looking at different fixation methods. There was no difference in complications when comparing fracture displacement.
P29 Bringing into focus treatment limitation and DNACPR decisions: How COVID-19 has changed practice
Authors: Marson Ella J , Botkai Adam H , Coleman Jamie J , Evison Felicity , Atia Jolene , Wang Jingyi , Gallier Suzy , Speakman John , Pankhurst Tanya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced further challenges into Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (DNACPR) decisions. Existing evidence suggests success rates for CPR in COVID-19 patients is low and the risk to healthcare professionals from this aerosol-generating procedure complicates the benefit/harm balance of CPR.

Methods
The study is based at a large teaching hospital in the United Kingdom where all DNACPR decisions are documented on an electronic healthcare record (EHR). Data from all DNACPR/TEAL status forms between 1st January 2017 and 30th April 2020 were collected and analysed. We compared patterns of decision making and rates of form completion during the 2-month peak pandemic phase to an analogous period during 2019.

Results
A total of 16,007 forms were completed during the study period with a marked increase in form completion during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with a form completed were on average younger and had fewer co-morbidities during the COVID-19 period than in March-April 2019. Several questions on the DNACPR/TEAL forms were answered significantly differently with increases in patients being identified as suitable for CPR (23.8% versus 9.05%; p &lt; 0.001) and full active treatment (30.5% versus 26.1%; p = 0.028). Whilst proportions of discussions that involved the patient remained similar during COVID-19 (95.8% versus 95.6%; p = 0.871), fewer discussions took place with relatives (50.6% versus 75.4%; p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the emphasis on senior decision making and conversations around ceilings of treatment appears to have changed practice, with a higher proportion of patients having DNACPR/TEAL status documented. Understanding patient preferences around life-sustaining treatment versus comfort care is part of holistic practice and supports shared decision making. It is unclear whether these attitudinal changes will be sustained after COVID-19 admissions decrease.
P40 Cross-specialty collaboration in the development of a national survey of practice for emergency scrotal exploration
Authors: Boam Tristan , Harwood Rachel , Clement Keiran , Light Alexander , Kasivisvanathan Veeru , Hotonu Sesi , Marks Isobel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Emergency scrotal exploration for suspected testicular torsion is a common procedure, performed by Paediatric surgeons, Urologists and General Surgeons. It is expected that there is variation in practice in the way that testes are fixed after torsion and other pathologies, both within departments and across specialties. We aim to survey UK practice, and describe the impact of patient age, surgical specialty and grade of surgeon for this procedure.

Methods
The Paediatric Surgery Trainee Research Network (PSTRN) and the British Urology Researchers in Surgical Training (BURST) groups are developing an electronic national survey of practice. This will be distributed to every UK hospital; Paediatric, General and Urology Surgeons of Consultant and Middle Grade will be asked to participate if they offer this procedure as part of their current practice.

Results
After a discussion of some initial survey drafts, the PSTRN-BURST collaboration met over teleconference. The scope of the questions were broadened from looking only at fixation methods to include the initial surgical approach, methods of skin closure and a comparison between paediatric and adult practice and how the procedure changes based on the stage of puberty. The questions were refined and made more granular, and to facilitate this, the platform was changed from Google forms®, to REDCap® and finally, to Microsoft Forms®.

Conclusions
As a result of inter-specialty collaborative working, the quality of the survey questions has greatly improved. The survey is now structured in a manner that will yield the most scientifically valid conclusions and aims to benefit all clinicians that undertake emergency scrotal exploration.
P54 Framework for Delivery of Elective Orthopaedic Surgery in the United Kingdom Following the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sharkey Samantha , Narang Karamveer , Pacheco Ricardo , Anthony Christopher 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
As we enter a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, a framework for safe provision of elective orthopaedic surgery must be developed in order to restore and maintain activity. The aim of this study was to explore patient attitudes to surgery and theatre efficiency in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and assess a potential framework for the delivery of such services.

Methods
Prospectively collected data on theatre timings and procedures completed per session used to assess theatre efficiency using 40 patients from June 2019 and 85 patients from June 2020. Information on patient compliance with 14-day household isolation and attitudes to surgery were collected prospectively over a 7-week period using a questionnaire (37 patients included). Follow up data was collected via telephone consultation a minimum of 2 weeks after discharge.

Results
Significant reduction in the number of points per session (p = 0.02) with a mean of 3.19 in 2019 and 2.42 in 2020. Only 18 of 31 patients were compliant with pre-operative isolation with individual failures accounting for 4 of 13 and failures by household members accounting for 9. Impact on COVID-19 and precautions on patient anxiety was mixed. No patients required symptomatic COVID-19 swab.

Interpretation
With the restrictions of COVID-19 there are significant problems with theatre efficiency, in effect losing an operation a list. Furthermore, compliance with pre-operative isolation was poor. Additional strategies will be required to re-instate an effective elective orthopaedic service, especially as the nation heads into a second wave.
P60 Impact of Acute Knee Clinic in the West of Scotland
Authors: Alfadhel Saud , Sinan Laith , Spencer Simon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Soft tissue knee injuries are a common presentation among the young and adult population, thus, we have performed this audit to investigate the impact of introducing a new acute knee clinic in the West of Scotland with regards to delay in treatment of such injuries and potential clinical outcomes.

Methods
We have collected data from over 100 random patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries pre and post- the introduction of acute knee clinic in the West of Scotland and calculated the median time taken for them to see a knee specialist following their initial injury. The data was collected using a standardised proforma and analysed using Microsoft Excel. All patients included were 18-years-old and above.

Results
The introduction of an acute knee clinic has led to over 65% reduction in waiting time to see a knee specialist following a knee injury. In addition, soft tissue co-injuries such as meniscal tears were more likely to occur in patients who waited longer to be treated and thus the introduction of the knee clinic had also led to a reduction in waiting time for a definitive treatment (i.e. surgery) of patients and subsequent reduction in associated co-injuries.

Conclusion
Acute knee clinics are effective in reducing patient waiting time to be seen by a knee specialist following an ACL tear. This is particularly important as the earlier intervention is more likely to prevent subsequent meniscal and chondral injuries which in turn can provide patients with better clinical outcomes and quality of life.
P64 Improving surgical consent – a quality improvement project to enhance the consenting process
Authors: Shrivastava Manu , Brown J , Sun L , Rajagopal Rajini 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
RCS guidelines on consent, recently updated, encourage a dialogue where all risks material to that patient are discussed and are clear. An audit was performed to assess whether practice at Oxford Hospitals is compliant with these guidelines – that all patients for elective surgery are consented prior to admission.

Method
Thirty-two undergoing elective Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS), Tonsillectomy and Septoplasty were interviewed in May-June 2019. Baseline data were presented at a local educational meeting, along with education on the recent changes to the RCS guidelines. Repeat audit took place in August-September 2020.

Results
All 32 patients were consented as per RCS guidelines and understood the reason for their surgery, but only 31% could explain the risks, and 56% could explain alternative options. Twenty (63%) consent forms were easily legible on randomised heuristic assessment. After education and change in department practice, understanding of the operation was much improved (80-100%). One outcome was to create pre-filled consent forms for common ENT operations.

Conclusions
Whilst RCS policy on completing consent prior to admission is being achieved, patient interviews suggest a lack of understanding of the operation. Standardised consent forms have the potential to enhance this understanding, as well as saving time.