bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The growth and yield of several sorghum varieties in the first ratoon
Authors: Saputro Avisema Sigit , Samanhudi  , Harsono Puji , Supriyono  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
At harvest, the stems of the sorghum plant are generally cut down and then it is left abandoned. Meanwhile, the remaining sorghum stems from the harvest have the potential to be regrown for the cultivation of ratoon. The advantages of ratoon cultivation are it has a relatively shorter harvest time than the main crop, requires less water, and lower production costs. The aim of this study was to test the growth and yield of five varieties of sorghum, namely Numbu, Super 1, Suri 3, Keller, and Kawali in ratoon cultivation and to test the growth and yield of sorghum with several selections of the number of shoots in ratoon cultivation. The study used a factorial - Randomized Completed Block Design with 2 treatment factors, repeated 3 times. The first treatment was sorghum varieties consisting of Numbu, Super 1, Suri 3, Keller, and Kawali. The second treatment was the number of shoots consisting of 1 shoot, 2 shoots, 3 shoots, and 4 shoots. Observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance with the F test at 5% level followed by Duncan’s multiple distance test. Observation variables included the height of plant, stem diameter, grain weight per clump, number of grains per clump, the weight of 1000 grains, and yield per plant. The results indicated that the highest plant in the Numbu variety, while the largest stem diameter was in the Kawali variety. The number of shoots 4 increased the grain yield per clump but decreased the plant height compared to the number of shoots that were less. The yield of grains per plot was higher on Super1 varieties as much as 604.33 g or 3.3 ton/ha, however the highest number of grains per clump was on Kawali varieties.
Yield potential of soybean under palm oil trees
Authors: Susanto Gatut Wahyu Anggoro , Pratiwi Herdina , Nugrahaeni Novita , Noerwijati Kartika , Sari Kurnia Paramita , Mutmaidah Siti , Putri Pratanti Haksiwi , Harnowo Didik 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Research to assess soybean yields planted under palm oil trees was conducted in North Sumatera, Indonesia. This research aimed to provide information on soybean varieties that were most suitable for planting under palm trees. Two experiments were conducted in the palm tree areas i.e. under one-year-old (IP 1) and two years old (IP 2) of the palm tree. In each site, the experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with two replications. The main plot was spacing row arrangements, i.e. double-spacing (50 cm x (30 cm x 20 cm) and single-spacing (40 cm x 15 cm), whereas the subplot was soybean varieties consisted of Dega 1, Dena 1, Argomulyo, and Anjasmoro. Research results showed that the average seed yield obtained in IP 1 was higher than IP 2, and soybean planted in a single-spacing produced higher seed yield compared to double-spacing. Argomulyo variety was superior in IP 1 with a seed yield of 3.66 t/ha and Dena 1 was the most superior in IP 2 with a seed yield 2.17 t/ha, both in single-planting arrangements.
Different controlling methods of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in maize farms of small-scale producers in Cameroon
Authors: Akeme Cyril Njume , Ngosong Christopher , Sumbele Sally Alloh , Aslan Aslan , Tening Aaron Suh , Krah Courage Yaw , Kamanga Blair Moses , Denih Asep , Nambangia Okolle Justin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Fall armyworm (FAW) is a polyphagous and voracious pest, destroying maize plants in farms in Cameroon. An annual yield loss is estimated to range from15 to 78%, valued at US$ 2,481 to US$ 6,187 million. With most damage experienced in the mono-cropping system. Maize is the most widely grown cereal crop globally due to its several uses, namely human consumption, animal feed and biofuel. In Cameroon, maize is a staple food grown by small- scale producers in all ten regions. The control of FAW is unsuccessful with only the use of pesticide method, the application is knowledge-intensive, and misuse often leads to pesticide resistance, resurgence and increased production cost. The purpose of this review was to explore the different controlling methods adopted to suppress FAW from causing economic damage in maize farms of small-scale producers in Cameroon. Integrated pest management (IPM) approach was used to control FAW, including cultural control, chemical control, botanicals, push-pull farming system, biological control and indigenous knowledge. Results showed that push-pull farming system provides protection and improves maize nutrition, botanicals have similar efficacy like synthetic insecticide, and wood ash is a bio-pesticide. The combined application of pesticides and handpicking FAW was effective though feasible in small surface areas. Based on the general assessment, the push-pull farming system deserves to be promoted due to its numerous benefits: eco-friendly, enhancement of natural enemies, increased soil fertility and economic returns. Natural enemies and bio-pesticides application are essential to control FAW since farmers are resource-poor, causes no health problem and are environmentally friendly.
Variations of cob rot infection caused by Fusarium verticillioides in the Filial 1(F1) hybrid maize line
Authors: Pakki Syahrir , Sebayang Amelia , Mirsam Hizhar , Septian HM , Suriani  
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe study of infection variations of the cob rot disease caused byFusarium verticillioideson the hybrid maize line Filial 1(F1) aimed to determine the variation of infection of corn cob rot disease caused byF. verticillioides. This research was carried out in Sinoa District, Bantaeng Regency from November 2020 to February 2021. Research design used was randomized Block Design with 3 replications. The treatment were Filial line (F1) of 6 lines (D71, D72, D73, D74, BMD75, D76) and 4 commercial varieties Indonesia (Pioner 36, BISI 2, BISI 18, P36, and NK22). Bisi 2 was used as susceptible check variety and NK 22 as a resistant check. The response of lines D71, D72, D74 and D75, were classified moderately resistant to cob rot diseaseF. v erticilliodies,infected with 30.66%, 32.66%, 33.33% and 28.00%, respectively. Strains D73 and D76, classified as susceptible (47.33% and 46.66%). BISI 2 was very susceptible (62.33% and 63.66%) and NK 22 was resistant (13.33%-14.00%) The variable of infected cobs showed D71, D72, D74 and D75 (27.53%-32.13%) significantly lower compared D73 and D76 (52.56%-44.76). %). Susceptible varieties Bisi 2 (63.06%-62.43%). Asymptomatic seeds (asymptomatic) can achieve internal infection of F.Verticilliodiesseeds, ranging from 14.00%-16.33%.
The effectiveness of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae in controlling the green leaf hopper (Nephotettix virescens)
Authors: Ibrahim Elisurya , Firmansyah Firmansyah , Panikkai Sumarni 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens) is one of the major pests on rice plants that can be a vector of tungro disease. Current pest control using insecticides by farmers is very worrying because in general it is not as recommended which can cause disturbances in the balance of the ecosystem, so it is necessary to use more environmentally friendly control alternatives, one of which is the use of entomopathogenic fungi that are targeted and do not cause the death of natural enemies. The potential of entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents needs to be continuously developed to reduce the use of insecticides, one of which is the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae which is a type of entomopathogenic fungus that can kill insect pests. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of several concentration and application method of M. anisopliae on the mortality of the green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens). The study was conducted in the Laboratory and Greenhouse of the Tungro Disease Research Station starting from February - April 2020 using a two-factor factorial design in a completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor was the application method consisting of two treatments, namely the spray method (A1) and dip method (A2) while the second factor was the conidia density of Metarhizium anisopliae with 4 levels, namely 0 (C0) as control, conidia density 106 (C1) conidia density 107 (C2) conidia density 108(C3). Each treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that the concentration of 106 by dipping application showed the fastest average death time of green leafhopper imago, which occured after 4 days of application, while the fastest average death time of green leafhopper nymph was 3.67 days after application at a concentration of 10 7 by dipping applications.
Exploration of entomopathogenic fungi as potential biocontrol of corn earworm (Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)
Authors: Sebayang Amelia , Tenrirawe Andi , Mirsam Hishar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In Indonesia, H. armigera caused loss in corn production until 40% and almost attack all region. Therefore, this pest is a concern especially in corn plantations in Indonesia. In the development of H. armigera pest control, the use of entomopathogenic fungi increases after the potential risks of using chemical pesticides in various aspects. Biological control using entomopathogen agents is an alternative control method that has been studied widely and considerably more effective and environmentally friendly. This study aims explore entomopathogen that attack H. armigera which will later be formulated and projected as candidates for biopesticides controlling H. armigera. This research sited in East Java, South Sulawesi, and North Sulawesi in 2011. This research was divided into several stages within a year which were carried out including surveys and samples collection, isolation, characterization, morphological identification and molecular identification (genotyping phylogenetic tree). The research found several pathogens from several location such as Rhizopus sp., Beauveria bassiana, Fusarium sp., Aspergilus flavus, and Gliocladium sp. The character of each Entomopathogenic fungus showed that every isolate has different color and shapes. Based on the results of DNA amplification from eleven fungal isolates using BOX primers, various fragments were produced with sizes ranging from 225 to 1250 bp. The results also showed that all the isolates tested had polymorphic bands with a polymorphic information Content (PIC) value of 0.84. This indicates that these isolates have a low level of polymorphism.
Fermentation time difference of nixtamalized horse dent corn (Zea mays var. indenata) by Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium brevis as source of natural folic acid
Authors: Susilowati Agustine , Aspiyanto  , Maryati Yati , Melanie Hakiki , Lotulung Puspa Dewi N. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Bifidobacterium sp. as microbes has potential role in fermentation of nixtamalized horse dent corn (Zea mays var. indentata) to degrade complex components into folic acid-rich corn biomass. Fermentation process on both nixtamalized yellow corn and white corn by Bifidobacterium brevis and Bifidobacterium bifidum as substrat of A, B, C and D were conducted at concentration of corn folic acid inoculum 40% (w/w) and 37 °C for 0, 8, 16, and 24 hours, respectively. Based on dissolved protein yielded, the experiment result showed that the best result of optimization in fermentation of both nixtamalized yellow corn (biomass B) and white corn (biomass D) was achieved by using inoculum of B. bifidum for 16 hours with composition of folic acid of 213.58 and 297.72 μg/mL, total solids of 21.14 and 21.07%, dissolved protein of 0.42 and 0.39 mg/mL, reducing sugars of 34.2 and 37.8 mg/mL, total sugars of 104.7 and 98.6 mg/mL, total acids of 0.37 and 0.44%, N-amino of 0.28 and 0.26 mg/g, and pH 4.82 and 4.49, respectively. In this condition, biomass of B. and biomass of D indicated domination of folic acid monomer with molecular weight (MW) 442.29 and 442.59 Dalton (Da.) at relative intensity 100%, particles size of 1115.1 nm and 1075.7 nm, and particle index of 0.827 and 0.849, respectively. Meanwhile, volatile compounds were dominated by 2,3-butanediol of 4.46 and 10.65%, palmitic acid of 7.63 and 8.26%, octadecenoic acid of 6.31 and 9.5%, lactic acid of 2.37% and 0.53%, respectively.
Biodiversity conservation through sustainable agriculture, its relevanve to climate change: a review on Indonesia situation
Authors: Harnowo D , Indriani FC , Susanto GWA , Prayogo Y , Mejaya I M J 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA productive agriculture depends on diversity of biodiversity that extends from crops (including food crops) and livestock to their wild relatives, and beyond this to a vast array of other flora and fauna. There is a close relationship among agriculture productivity, biodiversity conservation and livelihood objectives. Biodiversity loss have significant impact to agriculture and economic development. Since sustainable agriculture in Indonesia has not yet been well implemented, our challenge today is how to push such agriculture so as to promote agrobiodiversity, and it is clear that sustainable agriculture both promote and is enhanced by biodiversity. Or, biodiversity conservation can be implemented through sustainable agriculture. Agriculture, ecosystem, and biodiversity are affected by climate change which is now ongoing. Ecosystem play a major role in reducing the impact of climate change. Since biodiversity and agriculture are in it, thus best management of ecosystem can play an important role in climate change mitigation and social adaptation, but will only provide benefits if deployed in conjunction with a redution in fosil fuel emissions. Thus, sustainable agriculture can also contribute to conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and also to reduce the impact of climate change.
Growth and production evaluation of corn varieties and genotypes grow from seed with different storage ages
Authors: Edy  , Muchdar Amina , Numba Sudirman , Takdir Andi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Quality seeds are one of the important elements in maintaining plant potential. One of the factors that can affect the growth potential and production of corn for each variety or genotype is the storage ages of the seeds. The purpose of this study was to obtain varieties or genotypes of corn that have the ability to grow and produce optimally from seeds that have been stored for one and six months. The research was conducted from August to December 2020 at the Cereal Research Institute, Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The seeds used were Variety of Srikandi Putih, Waxy Corn and Genotype of BC2F1. This study was designed using a randomized block design (RBD) with a two-factor. The first factor is the type of variety/genotype (V) consisting of Srikandi Putih (V1), Waxy Corn (V2) and Genotype of BC2F1 (V3). The second factor is seed storage ages (U) consisting of: 1 month (U1) and 6 months (U2). From these two factors, 6 treatment combinations were obtained which were repeated three times to obtain 18 experimental units. The data were analyzed with the SAS 9 for windows program. The results showed that the seed storage ages of 1 month could maintain the potential for plant height growth, and the weight of 100 seeds in the Variety of Srikandi Putih, Waxy Corn and Genotypes of BC2F1. Seed storage ages of 1 and 6 months did not affect the number of leaves and flowering time, but only 1 month of seed storage ages that could maintain the potential for seed production in Variety of Srikandi Putih, Waxy Corn and Genotypes of BC2F1.
Prospect of development of 2:1 “Jajar Legowo” planting system technology in the development of rice area, Takalar District
Authors: Muslimin  , Wahid Abdul , Sarintang  , Subagio Herman 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Technology is one factor in increasing agricultural production capacity. The use of new technologies will increase the use of inputs, making it possible to achieve production and farm efficiency. The jajar legowo (double row) system is a technological engineering to obtain a plant population of more than 160,000 per hectare. The implementation of Jajar Legowo in addition to increasing the cropping population, is also able to increase the smooth circulation of sunlight and air around the pingir plants so that the plants can photosynthesize better. Assistance in the application of engineering technology for the legowo row 2: 1 system was carried out in Panrannuangku sub-district, Polut sub-district, Takalar district. The technology engineering of the legowo row 2: 1 system is supported by other technologies that are applied through pilot farming models (demfarm) at strategic locations in the development area that have fairly good access, which can be seen by the community in the assisted area. The selection of the demfarm location is determined together with the farmer groups, field officers / PLL and stakeholders involved so that it can be ascertained that the pilot farming model can represent the conditions of the development area to be built. The results of the assistance in the area of rice farming in irrigated rice fields in Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi, show that the development of the rice crop area has a large enough opportunity to be developed with the support of legowo row 2: 1 technology engineering and institutional innovation. The results of the assistance for the paddy farming area with a 2: 1 legowo row technology engineering planting system in the irrigated rice fields of Takalar Regency also provide understanding to the relevant agencies starting from the planned mentoring model to the implementation stages. The rice technology demfarm with the legowo row system technology engineering 2: 1 showed an increase in yield from 4-5 tonnes per ha (local productivity) to 7-8 tonnes per ha.
Understanding the relationship among the determinants of rice cropping index in Deli Serdang Regency
Authors: Napitupulu Delima , Siagian Deddy Romulo , Simatupang Sortha , Girsang Setia Sari , Marpaung Imelda 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The cropping index of rice is one of determining factors to increase rice production. In certain areas of Deli Serdang Regency, the rice crop has high possibility of being sowed three times annually. Unfortunately, some parts of this regency still have a low cropping index, then affecting the stagnant production. Hence, this study was conducted to identify the determinant variables and explain their relationship with rice cropping index and also to construct the strategic actions to increase the rice cropping index. This study was conducted in six districts with 180 total respondents, using household-based survey method. The descriptive statistics analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were performed using the SPSS tool to achieve the objectives. The result shows that frequency of flood occurrence on riceland, productivity, total income from agricultural sector, number of household member, age, education level, distance of irrigation channel to the riceland and the irrigation status are the significant determinants of rice cropping index. In addition, some strategic actions that have to introduced to the local government and the farmers are sowing the adaptive varieties which is tolerant on flooding condition; using the precise planting calendar to find the exact schedule for planting time; planting the certified variety that gives high productivity; increasing the capacity building, especially the cultivation skill, through following the technical guidance; cconstructing the irrigation system and repairing/maintaining the irrigation infrastructures; and harvesting the water to support the sustainable water for riceland.
Financial analysis of red chili farming business with green cultivation technology in South Sulawesi
Authors: Muslimin  , Taufik Muh , Thamrin Muh , Suddin Andi Faisal 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The demand for chili production continues to increase in Indonesia and South Sulawesi in particular, both for local, inter-island demand and the potential for export. On the other hand, chili production is still low. Chili productivity in 2010 was only 5.6 t/ha, although the potential productivity can reach 12 t/ha. Therefore, an assessment of chili technology innovation according to GAP in South Sulawesi was carried out through the application of efficient chili technology innovation, appreciation of local wisdom and environmental insight. The assessment was carried out in a participatory manner in the chili development center area in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi involving 4 cooperative farmers in an area of 1.0 ha. The data used are production, inputs used, output prices, input prices. To determine the farming use R/R (Return Cost Ratio) analysis, and to determine the optimal level of use of production inputs obtained from the application of chili technology is to calculate MBCR (marginal benefit cost ratio) or IBCR (incrementel benefit cost ratio). The results of the study showed 1) The application of GAP in red chili cultivation resulted in higher chili production and a smaller number of anthracnose attacks than the farmers’ treatment. 2) Chili productivity achieved in P1 treatment reached 24.64 t/ha, significantly different from P2 treatment which reached 27.52 t/h, but not significantly different from P3 treatment reached 25.92 t/ha. 3) The application of GAP can increase farmers’ income from Rp. 173.14 million to Rp. 194.25 million or an increase in revenue of 10.86% with an IBCR of 2.05.
Influence of seed priming on germination characteristics of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
Authors: Arief Ramlah , Koes Fauziah , Komalasari Oom , Fatmawati  
Published: November 2021

AbstractSeed priming or invigoration is presowing treatments of improving germination aimed to reduce the time from sowing to emergence and improving emergence uniformity. Research on seed priming was conducted Indonesian Cereal Research Institute (ICERI) seed laboratory from January until March 2021 to evaluate the effect of seed priming on sorghum seed vigor. Seed quality parameters includes germination percentages, germination rate, shoot and primary root length, seedling dryweight, Sorghum seed variety of Suri 4 were used as seed material. Results showed that among the priming treatments that give positive effect on germination percentage, germination rate, seedling dry weight were priming treatment with KNO31.5%.
Organoleptic properties evaluation of Ternate Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt)
Authors: Baharuddin  , Maryani  , Laga Suriani , Fitriyah Andi Tenri , Nurhayati  , Andi Nur Amalia A , Utami Ratri Retno , Indriana Dwi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Ternate City, North Maluku Province is a producer of nutmeg. The nutmeg that is cultivated comes from smallholder plantations. So far, post-harvest handling is still traditionally with simple equipment and poor hygienic which results in low-quality nutmeg. Efforts to improve post-harvest handling need to be done to improve the quality and farmer’s income. The purpose of this activity is to provide knowledge on good post-harvest handling of nutmeg in Ternate. One of the phases of activity carried out is through a survey to farmers to identify the organoleptic properties of nutmeg, as well as testing the water and vitamin C content of the nutmeg. The test results show that the drying process is not optimal because the resulting water content does not meet Indonesian National Standard (SNI), which is above 10%. The content of vitamin C in the flesh is 22 mg. Meanwhile, the organoleptic properties found that the colour, flavour, and taste were the most preferred by the farmer in the mace, seed, and flesh, respectively. The results of this activity can provide information about the characteristics of nutmeg that have been produced by Ternate farmers as a recommendation for proper post-harvest handling of nutmeg.