bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The co-evolution of the genome and epigenome in colorectal cancer
Authors: Sottoriva Andrea , Heide Timon , Cresswell George , Spiteri Inma , Lynn Claire , Fernandez-Mateos Javier , Chen Bingjie , Zapata Luis , Chkhaidze Kate , Nichol Daniel , Caravagna Giulio , James Chela , Mossner Maximilian , Kimberley Christopher , Househam Jacob , Berner Alison , Schmidt Melissa , Lakatos Eszter , Baker Ann-Marie , Graham Trevor , Barozzi Iros , Costa Helena , Mitchinson Miriam , Jansen Marnix , Bridgewater John , Rodriguez-Justo Manuel , Magnani Luca , Ramazzotti Daniele , Shibata Darryl 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Colorectal malignancies are a leading cause of cancer death. Despite large-scale genomic efforts, DNA mutations do not fully explain malignant evolution. Here we study the co-evolution of the genome and epigenome of colorectal tumours at single-clone resolution using spatial multi-omic profiling of individual glands. We collected 1,373 samples from 30 primary cancers and 9 concomitant adenomas and generated 1,212 chromatin accessibility profiles, 527 whole-genomes and 297 whole-transcriptomes. We found positive selection for DNA mutations in chromatin modifier genes and recurrent chromatin changes in regulatory regions of cancer drivers with otherwise no mutation. Genome-wide alterations in transcription factor binding accessibility involved CTCF, downregulation of interferon, and increased accessibility for SOX and HOX, indicating developmental genes reactivation. Epigenetic aberrations were heritable, distinguishing adenomas from cancers. Mutational signature analysis showed the epigenome influencing DNA mutation accumulation. This study provides a map of (epi)genetic tumour heterogeneity, with fundamental implications for understanding colorectal cancer biology.
A Case Report of RRBP1-ALK Fusion Gene-Positive Epithelioid Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Sarcoma With Collagenous Stroma
Authors: Cheng Na , Xue Liyan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) is a rare variant of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors with distinct morphological features and malignant clinical behavior. ALK is positive in all EIMS cases, the RANBP2-ALK fusion gene has been detected in most EIMSs, but several RRBP1-ALK and EML4-ALK fusion genes have also recently been reported.Case presentation: Here, we report a case of RRBP1-ALK fusion-positive EIMS in the colon. The patient was a 26-year-old man. A pelvic mass was found in a routine physical examination and was completely resected. Microscopically, the tumor cells were rounded and epithelioid in shape. Diffuse collagenous stroma and focal inflammatory infiltration were present. ALK was positive, with a pattern of cytoplasmic staining with perinuclear accentuation, and the RRBP1-ALK fusion gene was detected by targeted next generation sequencing. The patient began to take crizotinib from October 2019 to July 2020, and the patient is presently in good condition. No synchronous or metachronous metastases was found.Conclusions: EIMSs with different ALK fusion partner genes have unique staining patterns, which may provide clues for diagnosing EIMS. EIMS cases with RRBP1-ALK fusion gene and with diffuse collagenous stroma may have a good prognosis.
Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of West Africans Towards COVID-19: A Survey to Inform Public Health Intervention
Authors: Udoakang Aniefiok John , Zune Alexandra Lindsey Djomkam , Tapela Kesego , Oloche Owoicho , Fagbohun Ifeoluwa Kayode , Anyigba Claudia Adzo , Lowe Matt , Nganyewo Nora Nghochuzie , Keneme Bineta , Olisaka Frances Ngozi , Henry-Ajala Agatha Nkem , Oboh Mary Aigbiremo , Paemka Lily , Amenga-Etego Lucas N 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The first case of the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in West Africa was first confirmed in Nigeria in February 2020. Since then, several public health interventions and preventive measures have been implemented to curtail transmission of the causative agent, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, this study was performed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of West Africans towards COVID-19. Methods: An online survey was conducted between 29 September to 29 October 2020 among West Africans. Thirty-three survey questions were designed to collate demographics data and participants’ knowledge, attitude and perception towards COVID-19.Results: Overall, 1106 respondents from 16 West African countries, ranging from 1 to 548 with about 11.8% residing outside the subregion, participated in the survey. The respondents had an average COVID-19 knowledge score of 67.82 ± 8.31, with knowledge of the disease significantly associated with the country of residence (P = 0.00) and marginally so in settlement types (P = 0.05). Most respondents (93.4%) could identify the main COVID-19 symptoms, and 73.20% would consult a healthcare professional if infected with SARS-CoV-2. Also, 75.2% of the respondents are willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, whereas 10.40% and 14.40 % are unwilling and undecided, respectively. Perceptions of what constitute COVID-19 preventive measures were highly variable. Approximately, 8% of the respondents felt that their government responded excellently in managing the pandemic while a third felt that the response was just good. Also, more than half (54%) opined that isolation and treatment of COVID-19 patients is a way of curbing SARS-CoV-2 spread.Conclusions: Most West Africans have basic knowledge of COVID-19 and showed a positive attitude, with likely proactive practice towards the disease. However, results showed that these varied across countries and are influenced by the types of settlements. Therefore, the health and education authorities in various countries should develop focused measures capturing people in different settlements to improve their preventative measures when designing public health interventions for COVID-19 and any future epidemics or pandemics.
Study the Effects of COVID-19 in Punjab, Pakistan using Space-time Scan Statistic for Policy Measures in Regional Agriculture and Food Supply Chain
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Mubeen Muhammad , Ahmad Ashfaq , Fahad Shah , Nasim Wajid , Hammad Hafiz Mohkum , Shah Ghulam Mustafa , Murtaza Behzad , Tahir Muhammad , Parveen Saima 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Food service and retailing sectors play a vital role in economics of Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan is included in top 50 countries which are estimated to face serious agriculture and food deficiency related challenges due to the world-wide pandemic coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to study the effects of COVID-19 on food security and agriculture in Punjab, Pakistan using space-time scan statistic (STSS). A survey was conducted at 720 points in different districts of the province. The STSS detected “active” and emerging clusters that are current at the end of our study aera – particularly 17 clusters were formed while adding the updated case data. ArcGIS 10.3 software was used to find relative risk (RR) values; the maximum RR value was found to be 42.19 and maximum observed cases 53265 during June 15th – July 1st. Due to the highest number of cases of COVID-19 and RR vales during July, mostly farmers faced many difficulties during the cultivation of cotton and rice. Mostly farmers (72%) observed increase in prices of inputs (fertilizers and pesticides) during lockdown. The timely results (attained through STSS and RR) can inform decision makers and public health officials about where to improve the allocation of resources (including those for farming community), also, where to apply stricter quarantines and travel bans. If the supply chain of agriculture related inputs is disturbed, farmers may find it quite difficult to access markets, which could result in a decline in production and sales of crops and livestock in study area. It is suggested that to protection of food security and to decrease the effect of the lockdown, Punjab government needs to review food policy as well as analyze how market forces will respond to the imbalanced storage facilities and capacity, supply and demand, and price control of products. The findings of this study can also help policy-makers to formulate an effective food security and agriculture adaptation strategy.
Development of Rill Erosion On Bare Sloping Farmland Under Natural Rainfall Conditions
Authors: Zhang Jingling , Zhou Lili , Huang Donghao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Rill erosion is an important type of soil erosion and provide a basis for preventing and controlling soil loss on sloping farmland. This study was conducted in a standard runoff plot of bare soil (20 m length, 5 m width with a slope of 10 degrees) to monitored runoff and sediment processes during two continuous and two intermittent natural rainfall events, and observed the rill morphological characteristics after multiple rainfall conditions. We observed the runoff and sediment processes presented a pattern of multi-peaks for continuous rainfall events, and a pattern of single or two peaks during two intermittent rainfall events. The sediment yield rate with instantaneous rainfall intensity and runoff rate exhibited a peak lag phenomenon with 1–6 min. After multiple rainfall events, rill were identified as strip-shaped, V-shaped, and tree-branched distribution, and rills were mainly distributed in 5–20 cm width and 0–10 cm depth, and the mean rill length, width and depth increased 2.27, 0.30 and 0.16 times compared to the initial slope (R0). The side-wall collapse erosion was mostly greater than downcutting erosion in the slope section I, II and III. In conclusion, this study help to understanding the slope runoff and erosion mechanisms, and provide a scientific basis for soil erosion model on sloping farmland.
WITHDRAWN: LncRNA HOXA11-AS Aggravates The Keloid Formation By Targeting miR-148b-3p/IGFBP5 Axis
Authors: Wang Juan , Shen Jing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: LncRNA homeobox (HOX) A11 antisense (HOXA11-AS) mediates cell-biological phenotypes of keloid fibroblasts and influence the keloid progression, yet the underlying mechanism is not fully understood.Methods: HOXA11-AS, miR-148b-3p and IGFBP5 expression were detected by RT-qPCR or western blots. CCK8 and colony formation assays were applied to examine the cell proliferation. The cell migration was determined via Transwell migration assays. The cell apoptosis was determined by western blots with anti-Bax antibodies and anti-Cleaved Caspase-3 antibodies. The interplay between miR-148b-3p HOXA11-AS and IGFBP5 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assays or RNA immunoprecipitation.Results: The amplification of HOXA11-AS and IGFBP5 was detected in keloid and keloid fibroblasts, while miR-148b-3p expression was reduced. Moreover, downregulation of HOXA11-AS in keloid fibroblasts inhibited cell proliferation, migration and triggered apoptosis. Mechanically, HOXA11-AS was proved to sponge miR-148b-3p and abrogate the inhibition on miR-148b-3p target, IGFBP5 mRNA, thus promoting keloid fibroblasts proliferation, migration and inhibiting apoptosis.Conclusion: These results find that HOXA11-AS promotes keloid progression by miR-148b-3p/IGFBP5 axis, suggesting the potential of targeting HOXA11-AS/miR-148b-3p/IGFBP5 axis to combat keloid.
Marital Status Independently Predicts Survival in Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer: A SEER Database Analysis
Authors: Luo Pei , Mao Yan , Yang Liping , Pan Chao , Guo Jun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose This study will investigate the relationship between marital status and prognosis in small cell lung cancer patients. Methods Patients of SCLC was selected from the SEER database (1973-2013) and the patient sinformation. Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank test and Cox regression model were used for studying patientprognosis. Result 27069 SCLC patients eligible for inclusion were screened from the SEER database. Kaplan-meier test showed that the median OS values were 8, 7, 6 months in married, single and SDW patients, respectively. Conclusion This study shows that marital status is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in SCLC patients. Married patients with small cell lung cancer have better prognosis than those who were divorced/separated, widowed and single.
Efficacy of hypnotherapy on pain intensity and psychological distress among women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder, applicability of suggestions focused on cognitive flexibility and ego strength
Authors: Abazari Nader , Heydarinasab Leila , Yaghubi Hamid , Farahani Hojjatollah 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder PMDD is a health difficulty that is so similar to premenstrual syndrome PMS but is more serious Many women with PMDD may also have anxiety or depression, in this way, lasting irritability or anger that may affect other people, feelings of sadness or despair, or even thoughts of suicide, feelings of tension or anxiety, panic attacks, mood swings or crying often, lack of interest in daily activities and relationships, trouble thinking or focusing, tiredness or low energy, food cravings or binge eating, trouble sleeping, feeling out of control, physical symptoms such as cramps, bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, and joint or muscle pain are some of prevalent symptoms suffer women with PMDDMethods: The present research was a randomized controlled trial. In order to control variables pain intensity and psychological distress among patients with PMDD, the participants were selected accidently from female students of Shahed University of Tehran who consulted to psychology in order to assess their premenstrual symptoms and randomly divided into two groups. Each of groups encompassed 30 women between 20 up to 35-year-old whom diagnosed by PMDD via PSST from winter 2019 to spring 2020. In this study, one group received hypnotherapy and the other group received no intervention. Results: There are significant differences between the two groups. The efficacy of the procedure of hypnotherapy in the experimental group was more than that in the control group, (sig = 0.05).Conclusion The present study findings revealed that hypnotherapy with suggestions focused on cognitive flexibility and ego strength affected pain intensity and psychological distress among females with PMDD significantly. (sig=0.05)
Dvl3 Promotes the Phenotypic Transformation of RA-FLS and Aggravation of CIA Through Wnt Pathway by Exosome Intervention.
Authors: Tan Weixing , Chen Ning , Qiu Yang , Feng Xiaomei , Li Shuwen , Zhang Yongjin , Li Haoran , Gao Jie , Zhao Dongbao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveThis study was performed to explore the expression pattern of Dvl3 in RA and investigate the function and mechanism of Dvl3 in RA by exosome intervention.Methods: The expression pattern of Dvl3 was examined by IHC, WB, and qPCR. Modified exosomes obtained from culturing supernatant of RA-FLS infected with Dvl3 over expression (OE) lentivirus by ultracentrifugation were administrated to the target RA-FLS. The ability of survival, migration, and the production of inflammatory factor influenced by exosomal Dvl3 were detected by CKK8 kits, Tunel, migration test, qPCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively; Pathological examination, ELISA, and behave revaluation were performed after injection of exosomes into the articular cavity of CIA mice. The possible downstream pathways of Dvl3 were screened by qPCR and WB, and verified by double luciferase reporter experiment.ResultsThe expression level of Dvl3 was significantly increased in RA and CIA. Exosomes from the OE group could significantly promote cell proliferation activity, migration/invasion ability. The augment of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17, and IL-21 was observed in exosomal Dvl3-OE group. The deteriorated role of exosomal Dvl3 in collagen-induced arthritis model (CIA) has been fully demonstrated in terms of cartilage destruction, apoptosis, and inflammation. Over expression of Dvl3 was accompanied by the significant increase of β-catenin and RhoA activities.Conclusion﻿This study discovered the high expression of Dvl3 of exosomes derived from RA patients which may possessed the ability to promote phenotypic transformation of RA-FLS and aggravation of CIA through Wnt pathway.
Tobacco use among School-going Adolescents in Comoros: A Secondary Analysis of the 2015 Comoros Global Youth Tobacco Survey.
Authors: James Peter Bai , Kassim Said Abasse , Kabba John Alimamy , Kitchen Chenai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTobacco use among adolescents has long term adverse health consequences, especially during adulthood. Currently, little is known about tobacco use behaviour among adolescents in Comoros. Our study aims to estimate the prevalence and identify key factors associated with tobacco use among adolescents in Comoros using the 2015 Comoros Global Youth Tobacco Survey data.MethodsNational cross-sectional survey data of 2,810 eligible school-going adolescents aged between 11-17 years were analysed. Complex sample logistic regression analyses to determine the correlates of current cigarette smoking and current use of non-cigarette tobacco products.ResultsThe overall prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 14.3% [males (18.5%), females (9.9%)]. The prevalence of current use of non-cigarette tobacco products was 5.8% [males (6.7%), females (4.9%)]. Being male (AOR=2.23;95%CI:1.38-3.59), exposure secondhand smoke within (AOR=3.869;95%CI:2.835-5.280)) and outside their home (AOR= 1.514; 95%CI: 1.100-2.084) and exposure to tobacco industry promotion (AOR=2.986; 95%CI:2.246-3.969) were predictors of current tobacco use among adolescents. Similarly, Exposure to tobacco industry promotion (AOR=.2.669;95%CI:1.610-4.425) were associated with non-cigarette tobacco use. Adolescents exposed to anti-smoking education in schools were less likely to use non-cigarette tobacco (AOR=0.523;95% CI:0.311-0.881) than those not exposed to anti-smoking education in schools.ConclusionOne in seven school-going adolescents smoke cigarettes, and approximately one in 20 school-going adolescents use non-cigarette tobacco products in Comoros. Exposure to secondhand smoke within and outside the home and exposure to tobacco industry promotion were associated with tobacco use in school-going adolescents in Comoros. Our findings suggest the need for adolescent-friendly gender-sensitive tobacco interventions, including strengthening existing tobacco control laws to prevent and reduce tobacco use among school-going adolescents in Comoros.
A Study on Sex Estimation by Using Machine Learning Algorithms with Parameters Obtained from Computerized Tomography Images of the Cranium
Authors: Toy Seyma , Secgin Yusuf , Oner Zülal , Turan Muhammed Kamil , Oner Serkan , Senol Deniz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to test whether sex prediction can be made by using machine learning algorithms (ML) with parameters taken from computerized tomography (CT) images of cranium and mandible skeleton which are known to be dimorphic. CT images of the cranium skeletons of 150 men and 150 women were included in the study. 25 parameters determined were tested with different ML algorithms. Accuracy (Acc), Specificity (Spe), Sensitivity (Sen), F1 score (F1), Matthews correlation coefficient (Mcc) values were included as performance criteria and Minitab 17 package program was used in descriptive statistical analyses. p ≤ 0.05 value was considered as statistically significant. In ML algorithms, the highest prediction was found with 0.90 Acc, 0.80 Mcc, 0.90 Spe, 0.90 Sen, 0.90 F1 values as a result of LR algorithms. As a result of confusion matrix, it was found that 27 of 30 males and 27 of 30 females were predicted correctly. Acc ratios of other MLs were found to be between 0.81 and 0.88. It has been concluded that the LR algorithm to be applied to the parameters obtained from CT images of the cranium skeleton will predict sex with high accuracy.
Voltage-driven gigahertz frequency tuning of spin Hall nano-oscillators
Authors: Choi Jong-Guk , Park Jaehyeon , Kang Min-Gu , Kim Doyoon , Rieh Jae-Sung , Lee Kyung-Jin , Kim Kab-Jin , Park Byong-Guk 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Spin Hall nano-oscillators (SHNOs) exploiting current-driven magnetization auto-oscillation have recently received much attention because of their potential for oscillator-based neuromorphic computing. Widespread neuromorphic application with SHNOs requires an energy-efficient way to tune oscillation frequency in broad ranges and store trained frequencies in SHNOs without the need for additional memory circuitry. Voltage control of oscillation frequency of SHNOs was experimentally demonstrated, but the voltage-driven frequency tuning was volatile and limited to megahertz ranges. Here, we show that the frequency of SHNO is controlled up to 2.1 GHz by a moderate electric field of 1.25 MV/cm. The large frequency tuning is attributed to the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) in a perpendicularly magnetized Ta/Pt/[Co/Ni]n/Co/AlOx structure. Moreover, non-volatile VCMA effect enables control of the cumulative frequency using repetitive voltage pulses, which mimic the potentiation and depression functions of biological synapses. Our results suggest that the voltage-driven frequency tuning of SHNOs facilitates the development of energy-efficient spin-based neuromorphic devices.
The Effect of Long Term Care Resources on Burdens for Caregiving People Living with Dementia in Taiwan
Authors: Ou Yang-Hao , Chang Ming-Che , Wang Wen-Fu , Jhang Kai-Ming 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: There is an increasing awareness of caregiver's burden, especially in those caring for people with dementia. The caregiver burden has been studied extensively in Western countries; however, the interpretation of the results and replication of the intervention may deem unfit in the Chinese culture. Therefore, this study identifies the change in caregiver burden by interventional methods under current Taiwan's long-term care Act 2.0.Method: A total of 2,598 newly diagnosed dementia outpatients was evaluated by the Changhua Christian Hospital dementia care team. Eighty patients utilize one of the three care resources, including community-based services (n = 33), home-based services (n = 19), or taking care by foreign caregivers (n = 28). Participants in the control group were selected by matching their global CDR score, gender, age, and caregivers' age with a 1:4 ratio. All caregivers completed the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) questionnaires before and six months after utilizing the care resources. Results: The home-based and the foreign caregiver groups have the highest baseline ZBI scores with 37.63±16.14 and 36.57±17.14, respectively. The second ZBI score was assessed about six months after the baseline showing that the home-based group remained the highest caregiver burden (ZBI = 31.74±12.23) and the foreign caregiver group showed the lowest burden (ZBI = 25.68±12.09). The mean difference in the ZBI score confirmed that the foreign caregiver group had the most improvement, averaging a decrease of 17.99±31.08 points (adjust observation time). A linear regression model showed that home-based care and foreign caregiver contributes the most reduction in caregiver burden (-11.83 and -19,07 ZBI scores, respectively).Conclusion: Caring for people with dementia includes caring for their caregivers. Dementia care team should provide proper social resources, which are crucial in the alleviation of caregiver burden.