bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Use of Machine Learning for Penetration Rate Optimisation on Elgin Franklin
Authors: O'Leary Daniel , Polak Deirdree , Popat Roman , Eatough Oliver , Brian Tom 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Optimising the Rate of Penetration (ROP) on Development wells contributes heavily to delivery of projects ahead of schedule and has long been a goal for drilling engineers. Selecting the best parameters to achieve this has often proved difficult due to the extensive quantities of data concerning formation types, bottom-hole assembly (BHA) design and bit specifications. Legacy drilling data can also be vast and not well characterised, making it very difficult to robustly analyse manually. Additionally, multiple stakeholders can each have their own hypotheses on how to improve drilling performance, including bit vendors, directional drilling companies, drilling engineers and offshore supervisors, creating further confusion in this field.
Together with its team of data scientists, TotalEnergies E&P UK (TEPUK) has utilised machine learning to analyse field and equipment data and produce guidelines for optimised drilling rate. The machine learning algorithm identifies parameters which have a statistical likelihood of improving ROP performance whilst drilling. The model was developed using offset well data from TotalEnergies' Realtime Support Centre (RTSC) and bit design information. This represented the first use of Machine Learning in the 20+ years of drilling on Elgin Franklin. Adapting to this new data-based method forms part of a wider digital revolution within TEPUK and the Offshore Drilling Industry. In this case, an integrated approach from the data scientists, drilling engineers and supervisors was required to transition to a new way of working.
The first trial of using optimised parameters was on a recent Franklin well (F13) in the Cretaceous Chalk formations. The model generated statistically optimised parameter sheets which were strictly executed on site. Within the guideline sheets were suggested ranges of Revolutions per Minute (RPM), Flowrate, Weight on Bit (WOB) and Torque, as well as recommendations for bit blades and cutters. Heatmaps were generated to show what combination of WOB and RPM would likely achieve best ROP in each sub formation. The parameter range defined was specifically narrow to reduce any time spent varying parameters. In practice the new digital approach was successfully adopted offshore and contributed to the delivery of the 12 ½" and 8 ½" sections in record time for the field, resulting in significant savings versus AFE.
Following the success of the guideline implementation, steps have been taken to integrate the machine learning model with live incoming data on TotalEnergies' digital drilling online platform. Since the initial trial on Franklin, online ROP optimisation features have been deployed on the Elgin field and currently provide live parameter guidance, a forecast to section TD and data driven bit change scenario analyses whist drilling.
Impact of CO2 Specifications on Design and Operation Challenges of CO2 Transport and Storage Systems in CCUS
Authors: Nazeri Mahmoud , Haghighi Hooman , Mckay Craig , Erickson Dale , Zhai Suling 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The presence of impurities in captured CO2 plays a vital role in the safe and effective CO2 transport and storage in the CCUS chain. Impurities can significantly increase the cost of processing, transport, and storage and moreover add additional challenges to the design, operation, health and safety and integrity aspects. The effects of various impurities on the aforementioned challenges have been addressed in this work.
Despite the importance of this area, there are still some knowledge gaps in terms of assessing the impact of CO2 specification on CCUS design and operations. International standards address different elements of the CCS chain, but none cover the full chain or consider the full chain economics. There are also differences between industry and leading CO2 authorities regarding the potential issues and challenges of implementing those standards. This paper reviews available standards and references which provide specifications/limitations for impurities for the purpose of transport and storage.
In this work, the modified cubic EoSs and GERG EoS have been used to predict the thermodynamic properties and tuned viscosity models have been used for the prediction of transport properties. The required specifications for the quality of CO2 streams have been investigated using the above methodology for fluid properties, followed by the use of commercial software packages for thermohydraulic analysis of CO2 pipelines. Additionally, the storage capacity and geochemistry of fluids under high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) storage conditions were investigated.
The impact of impurities has been assessed based on various CO2 sources using commercial capturing technologies. The assessment considered the impact of impurities on thermodynamic, thermohydraulic, integrity and operation of CO2 transport, injection, and storage system. This would include the effects of various types of components and their typical concentrations, e.g., water content, non-condensable gases (N2, O2, CH4, Ar, H2and CO), toxic gases (H2S and SO2), and hydrocarbons, on the thermophysical properties including density, viscosity, phase envelope and hydraulic parameters. A comparison of modelling results against the available experimental data measured at elevated pressure and temperature conditions have also been presented.
This paper has mainly focused on the lessons learned from past CO2 transport design and operational experiences in order to identify the areas where it could lead to an optimised system in terms of design, costs, and operation. Additionally, past experience in the design of CO2 pipelines and operation of CO2 injection has been used to identify opportunities where CO2 specifications and guidelines could potentially be modified in order to achieve an optimised and cost-effective CO2 transport and injection system.
Keywords: CO2 Specification; CO2 Transport Pipelines; Design and Operation Challenges; CO2 impurities; CCUS;
Microbiome-Gut-Brain-Axis Communication Influences Metabolic Switch in the Mosquito Anopheles Culicifacies
Authors: DIXIT RAJNIKANT 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Periodic ingestion of a protein-rich blood meal by adult female mosquitoes causes a drastic metabolic change in their innate physiological status, which is referred to as ‘metabolic switch. Although the down-regulation of olfactory factors is key to restrain host-attraction, how the gut ‘metabolic switch’ modulates brain functions, and resilience physiological homeostasis remains unexplored. Here we demonstrate that the protein-rich diet induces the expression of brain transcripts related to mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, possibly to cause a shift of the brain’s engagement to manage organismal homeostasis. A dynamic expression pattern of neuro-signalling and neuro-modulatory genes in both gut and brain, establishes an active brain-distant organ communication. Disruption of this comunication through decapitation, does not affect the modulation of the neuro-modulator receptor genes in the gut. In parallel, an unusual and paramount shift in the level of the Neurotransmitters (NTs), from the brain to the gut after blood feeding, further supports the idea of the gut’s ability to serve as a ‘second brain’. Finally, a comparative metagenomics evaluation of gut microbiome population dynamics, highlighted that blood-feeding not only suppresses Enterobacteriaceae family member by 50%, but favors rapid proliferation of Pseudomonadales to 46% of the total community. Notable obesrvation of a rapid proliferation of Pseudomonas bacterial sp. in the gut correlates a possible cause for the suppression of appetite after blood-feeding. Additionally, an altered NTs dynamics of naïve and aseptic mosquitoes provide the initial evidence that gut-endosymbionts are key modulators for the synthesis of major neuroactive molecules. Conclusion: Our data establish a new conceptual understanding of microbiome-gut-brain-axis communication in mosquitoes.Data deposition: Mosquito Brain RNAseq data are accessible under Accession IDs: SRR9853884 (Ac-Br-SF); SRR9853885 (Ac-Br-BF-30Min), SRR9853883 (Ac-Br-BF-30hrs) at NCBI repository. Mosquito Gut metagenomics data are accessible under accession IDs: SRR12579422 (Ac-MG-SF); SRR12622557 (Ac-MG-BF) at NCBI repository.
Scattered Trees as Crucial Elements in Maintaining Urban Diversity: A Case Study with Canopy ants in a Biodiversity Hotspot
Authors: Mendonça-Santos Renata Grasiele , Antoniazzi Reuber , Camarota Flávio , Reis Yana , Viana-Junior Arleu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Urban environments are under a high degree of human disturbance, which profoundly changes their abiotic characteristics, affecting the biotic communities. A conspicuous element in cities are scattered trees, often included in urban planning around the world. These trees are key elements for urban ecological processes and services and act as islands of resources (i.e., food and shelter) for a considerable arthropod’s diversity, such as ants. Studies involving ants in urban environments often focus on ground-dwelling ants, and few studies seek to glimpse the ants that occupy scattered trees and, even less, how these ants and trees interact within cities. This study aimed to investigate the ant communities foraging day and night on trees in an urban area inside a biodiversity hotspot, the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Specifically, we investigated how tree characteristics (tree size, tree isolation, presence of extrafloral nectaries, and the tree origin, i.e., native and exotic) modulate ant diversity and ant-plant interactions. We found that the species composition is different between day and night, as well as the central core of generalist ant species of day and night interaction networks. The tree size increases beta-diversity among trees only of the nocturnal ant community, while none of the tree characteristics shaped the ant community. This study is the first to address the role of scattered trees in maintaining the diversity of arboreal ants in urban landscapes, focusing on species diversity and their interaction networks. Overall, we provide insights supporting the conservation value of scattered trees in maintaining urban biodiversity.
Cavities Herald Persistent Sputum Positivity
Authors: Jawad Nadia , Saifullah Nausheen , Ahmed Naseem , Jafri Saira 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aim: To determine the factors associated with persistent sputum positivity at the end of two months of treatment in patients presenting with (drug-susceptible) pulmonary tuberculosis at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.Setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Chest Medicine (Ward 12), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi over six months.Methods:A sample of 73 consenting, newly diagnosed, smear positive drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis patients was studied. Demographic (age, gender, height, weight and duration of tuberculosis, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic, occupational, marital, educational and residential statuses) and clinical factors (chest X-ray extent and cavities, initial smear results, diabetic and smoking statuses) which may be associated with sputum non-conversion were entered in a proforma. Patients were followed up at two months of treatment with a sputum smear. Data analysis was done on SPSS-20.0.Results:Rate of sputum positivity after two months of treatment was 17.8%. None of the factors was associated with persistence of sputum positivity except for the presence of chest radiograph (CXR) cavities; which made it 5.5 times more likely that the patient would remain smear-positive at two months (p=0.035).Conclusion:The finding of CXR cavities makes it highly likely that a pulmonary tuberculosis patient may remain infectious or have an unfavourable outcome despite taking treatment for 2 months. Clinicians and national policy-makers should thus bear in mind the implications this can have with regard to disease control and pay particular attention in terms of stringent monitoring and Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) provision.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Surgery/Chemoradiotherapy Versus Radical Chemoradiotherapy in Stage IB2, IIA2, IIB Locally Advanced Cervical Carcinoma: A Retrospective Multicenter Study of 388 Patients
Authors: He Mingyuan , Su Xing , Song Honglin , Li Ying , Gu Fei , Sun Xiaoge , Li Xiaofan , Cheng Guanghui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The present study aimed to compare the oncologic outcomes and side effects between neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery/chemoradiotherapy and radical chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical carcinoma (LACC).Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with LACC (IB2, IIA2 and IIB stages) from six hospitals between June 2007 and January 2017. Results: A total of 388 patients were included, in which 278 patients received radical chemoradiotherapy (Standard group), and 110 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. 65 patients of the 110 received radical hysterectomy (Surgery group), and 45 received chemoradiotherapy (Neo-Ra group). The 5-year overall survival (OS) in Surgery group (92.5%) was similar to that of the Standard group (84.9%), but both groups had higher OS rates than Neo-Ra group (75.6%). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) showed no differences among the three groups, respectively. There were no significant differences for grades 1-3 gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicities among the three groups. No patient had grade 4 adverse effects. In multivariate analysis, tumor regression (CR vs. PR+SD+PD), pathological type (squamous cancer vs. non-squamous cancer) and lymph node metastasis (positive vs. negative) were considered as independent predictors of OS. Furthermore, besides above factors, the maximum diameter of tumors and adjuvant chemotherapy were also considered as significant prognostic factors for DFS and PFS.Conclusion: These findings showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy as a feasible and reliable therapy, resulting in encouraging oncologic outcomes and low side effects when compared to those obtained by standard chemoradiotherapy for IB2, IIA2, IIB stage cervical carcinoma patients.
Short Note: Extracellular Export and Consumption of Glucose in Antarctic Sea Ice
Authors: Kennedy Fraser , McMinn Andrew , Martin Andrew 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Glucose microsensors were used to measure extracellular glucose exudation and consumption in a sea ice algal community. Glucose export increased with increasing irradiance between 15 and 512 µmol photons m− 2 s− 1. This export correlated with declining FvFm values and increasing NPQ values, implying that glucose export resulted from exposure to above optimal irradiances. Glucose concentrations in samples treated with DCMU to block photosynthesis, declined at all irradiances. Bacterial consumption of glucose was between 6% and 34% of extracellular export per hour.
Consumption-Based CO2 Emissions Accounting And Scenario Simulation In Asia And Pacific Region
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mazibar , Anan Nishat , Mas Abu Hashan Md , Hasan Mahmudul , Tseng Ming-Lang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study uses a consumer-based accounting approach to evaluate CO2 emission factors of 17 major Asia and Pacific countries that distribute all emissions in the supply chain to the commodity up to the final consumption location due to the influence of a country's consumption patterns. In addition, the number of emissions connected with each country's consumption of products and services, mainly in Asia and the Pacific countries, has received little attention. This study contributes to understand the effects of the country's consumption of products and services on carbon emission peaks and formulate efficient carbon-mitigation plans for governments and decision-makers. The accelerating economic growth and industrialization have posed significant challenges to global carbon-mitigation efforts and climate change response; as a result, each country has been provided a higher emphasis on CO2 emission. The Monte Carlo simulation technique has been used to create a dynamic scenario simulation model to investigate possible future peaks of Asia and Pacific countries' carbon emissions, considering the uncertainties of factors. The result shows that total consumption-based CO2 emissions are remarkable in the three Asian countries, including China (387451.95 metric tons (Mt) CO2), Japan (185259.60 Mt CO2), and India (100720.46 Mt CO2). In South Korea, Brunei, and Taiwan, annual consumption emissions are 1.77, 1.62, and 1.49 tons of CO2 per person. In terms of final consumption, the household sector is the supreme noteworthy donor to consumption-based emissions, accounting for 27–56%. The household sector probably peak at 19.7 Gt CO2 as per the dynamic scenario simulation. As for three other types of final demand, the government expenditure will possibly reach at highest 44.0 Gt CO2 by the next 30 years while the capital formation will probably hit its highest emissions at 149.5 Gt CO2.
KLF4 Inhibits Activation of Human Hepatic Stellate Cells LX-2 in vitro
Authors: Xue YinKai , TAN Jun , Yao TianCi , Chen QingYong , Jiang Ke , Wang ZhiRui , Zheng Hai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHepatic Stellate Cell (HSC) represents a key factor in liver fibrosis. Early-stage liver fibrosis is still reversible and is intimately associated with the state of HSC. KLF4 has been shown to play a pivotal role in a wide array of physiological and pathological processes. MethodsIn this study, we examined the effect of Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) on the proliferation, apoptosis and phenotype of HSC in resting state in human HSC LX-2 cells, and the role KLF4 plays in the maintenance of the resting state of HSC, with an attempt to provide an experimental basis for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation of liver fibrosis. We designed a KLF4 lentiviral vector and a KLF4 shRNA lentiviral vector, to up-regulate and silence KLF4 expression in LX-2 cells by transfection. We examined LX-2 cell proliferation by plate cloning and CCK8 assay, flow cytometrically detected cell cycle distribution and cellular apoptosis rate and determined some quiescence and activation markers of HSC by Western blotting. ResultsOur result showed that E-cadherin and ZO-1, dubbed quiescent HSC markers, were significantly increased. N-cadherin while a-AMA, known as activated HSC marker, was significantly decreased. In contrast, cell proliferation and apoptosis rate were elevated in LX-2 cells whose KLF4 expression had been silenced. Conclusions﻿Our results indicated that KLF4 inhibited the proliferation and activation of human HSC LX-2 and might be a key regulatory protein in the maintenance of quiescence of HSC and might serve as a target for the inhibition of hepatic fibrosis.
A Multi-objective MILP Model Proposed to Optimize a Supply Chain Network for Microalgae-based Biofuels and Co-products: A Case Study in Iran
Authors: Zerafati Mohammad Ehsan , Bozorgi-Amiri Ali , Golmohammadi Amir-Mohammad , Jolai Fariborz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Recently, due to the efficiency of cultivating microalgae, researchers and investors have paid considerable attention to the production of different biofuel products that are environmentally friendly. In this study, a two-stage deterministic model is proposed to design a microalgae-based biofuels and co-products supply chain network (MBCSCN). In the first stage, the appropriate locations for the cultivation of microalgae are identified through the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). In the second stage, a deterministic mathematical mixed integer linear programing (MILP) model is developed for a period of five years based on the criteria of economic and environmental impacts. The economic objective function maximizes the overall profit, while the environmental impacts objective function seeks to minimize the consumed fossil fuel throughout the supply chain. Then, a multi-objective MILP optimization problem is solved using the ε-constraint method. The proposed model is evaluated through a case study in Iran. It has helped to identify appropriate locations for the cultivation of microalgae and to specify the required quantity of feedstock, the species of microalgae, the required technology, and the transportation modes in each step of the supply chain.
A Novel Technique for Endoscope Progression in Gastroscopy Resection: “6”- Turn of Gastroscopy Along The Greater Curvature Wall for Dissection of Stromal Tumor in The Muscularis Propria of The Gastric Fundus
Authors: Guo Hai-Mei , Sun Ying , Cai Shuang , Miao Feng , Zheng Yan , Yu Yang , Zhao Zhi-Feng , Liu Lu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective
The fundus of the stomach is a challenging region for endoscopic resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), especially in the anterior wall of the fornix at the side of the greater curvature. The aim of this study was to introduce using the “6”-turn of gastroscopy along the greater curvature wall (6TGS) technique in operation on the gastric fundus and provide evidence of its advantages.
Methods
The clinical data of patients with stromal tumor in muscularis propria at the gastric fundus (STMF) at the Fourth Hospital of China Medical University between July 2016 and Dec 2020 were reviewed. The novel 6TGS technique was used in the procedure. The beneficial effects, suitability, applicable lesion site, influencing factors, and success rates of 6TGS were analyzed.
Results
Ten cases in total were reviewed, and the 6TGS technique was successfully performed in 7 cases (70%). In all 7 patients, the gastroscope’s tip could access the location just below the gastric cardia, and all angles/sites of the fundus of the stomach could be operated on. The lesion was easily accessed, and the gastroscope was stable with good left-right movement ability and moderate forward and backward movement ability.
Conclusion
6TGS can improve the safety of gastroscopy resection of STMF and facilitate the excision of tumors in challenging sites in the gastric fundus. Patients need to be under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation in the supine position to perform the 6TGS technique after distending the stomach with less air.