bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Wouldn't They Be Reconciled? Corbyn's Leadership and the Recalcitrance of the Parliamentary Labour Party
Authors: Gilbert Jeremy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOne of the most striking features of Labour Party politics during the years of Jeremy Corbyn's leadership was the recalcitrant lack of cooperation that he received from many Labour MPs, even after his remarkable success in the 2017 general election. This article systematically examines a number of possible explanations for this behaviour, including genuine divisions within the party over the issue of institutional anti‐semitism and over the politics of Brexit. Ultimately, it concludes that the most plausible explanation for MPs’ opposition to Corbyn is simply the lack of material motivation for many of Labour's elected representatives and officials to pursue the end of a Labour government led by a political faction with which they themselves are not aligned.
Stuck in separation: Liminality, graffiti arts and the forensic institution as a failed rite of passage
Authors: McGrath Laura , Mighetto Isabella , Liebert Rachel Jane , Wakeling Ben 
Published: June 2021

AbstractForensic psychiatric institutions are tasked with both containment and transformation, with securely policing the border between institution and society and readying patients for return to the community. Forensic institutions can thus be theorised as a form of ‘rite of passage’, engaged in a process of transformation which both navigates and demarcates social limits. This article contributes to literature on risk and control in clinical institutions by offering a novel theoretical synthesis of features of rites of passage and liminality, as facilitated by an art project in a forensic setting. Through the prism of the Graffiti and Wellbeing Project (GWP), an arts initiative, we explore the ways in which forensic institutions thus offer or impede opportunities for transformation. The project engendered a space for the transformation of difficult emotions and histories through the medium of art creating a liminal space of transformation within the confines of a secure institution. Drawing on Douglas, Kristeva and Bahktin, we argue that forensic institutions largely attempt to manage their own transgressive, marginal status, and the abject experiences of patients, through a recourse to order, suppression and sublimation. We argue for a wider range of responses to the transgressive and marginal experiences and behaviours prevalent in forensic settings, drawing on examples from the GWP.
When democratic experience distorts democracy: Citizen reactions to undemocratic incumbent behaviour
Authors: FREDERIKSEN KRISTIAN VREDE SKAANING 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDemocratically elected incumbents have engaged in subverting democracy without losing popular support in several countries in recent years. It remains a puzzle that this phenomenon has occurred in relatively mature democracies. In this research note, I argue that citizens become less likely to sanction undemocratic behaviour as their country gains democratic experience because they lose incentives to form opinions on the basis of threats to democracy. Using macro‐level panel data on democratic experience, undemocratic incumbent behaviour and incumbent approval across 43 democracies from 1962 to 2018, I find that undemocratic incumbent behaviour decreases incumbent approval when democratic experience is low. As democratic experience increases, however, this effect fades out. These findings question whether we can count on citizens to be the backbone of democratic stability in countries with democratic experience.
Analyst Coverage Overlaps and Interfirm Information Spillovers
Authors: MARTENS TIM , SEXTROH CHRISTOPH J. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTWe offer a novel perspective on the role of sell‐side analysts as information intermediaries in capital markets by documenting a flow of information in a new direction, namely, from analysts to the firms they cover. We use analyst coverage overlaps and patent citations to examine analyst‐induced information spillovers about technology and industry trends. Consistent with analyst coverage–related information flows, firms are more likely to cite another firm's patent if that firm is covered by the same analyst. The effect varies with analysts' specialization, experience, and level of activity. Firms with more analyst‐based connections to peers also show greater corporate innovation. Collectively, our evidence indicates that financial analysts not only reduce information asymmetries between firms and capital market participants but also facilitate the production of business intelligence through feedback and interfirm information spillovers.
A single‐domain small protein Med‐ORF10 regulates the production of antitumour agent medermycin inStreptomyces
Authors: Cai Xiaofeng , Li Caiyun , Ichinose Koji , Jiang Yali , Liu Ming , Wang Huili , Gong Caixia , Li Le , Wan Juan , Zhao Yiming , Yang Qing , Li Aiying 
Published: June 2021

SummaryMed‐ORF10, a single‐domain protein with unknown function encoded by a gene located in a gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of a novel antitumour antibiotic medermycin, shares high homology to a group of small proteins widely distributed in many aromatic polyketide antibiotic pathways. This group of proteins contain a nuclear transport factor‐2 (NTF‐2) domain and appear to undergo an evolutionary divergence in their functions. Gene knockout and interspecies complementation suggested that Med‐ORF10 plays a regulatory role in medermycin biosynthetic pathway. Overexpression ofmed‐ORF10 in its wild‐type strain led to significant increase of medermycin production. It was also shown by qRT‐PCR and Western blot that Med‐ORF10 controls the expression of genes encoding tailoring enzymes involved in medermycin biosynthesis. Transcriptome analysis and qRT‐PCR revealed that Med‐ORF10 has pleiotropic effects on more targets. However, there is no similar conserved domain available in Med‐ORF10 compared to those of mechanistically known regulatory proteins; meanwhile, no direct interaction between Med‐ORF10 and its target promoter DNA was detected via gel shift assay. All these studies suggest that Med‐ORF10 regulates medermycin biosynthesis probably via an indirect mode.
On‐site environmental DNA detection of species using ultrarapid mobile PCR
Authors: Doi Hideyuki , Watanabe Takeshi , Nishizawa Naofumi , Saito Tatsuya , Nagata Hisao , Kameda Yuichi , Maki Nobutaka , Ikeda Kousuke , Fukuzawa Takashi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMolecular methods, including those for environmental DNA (eDNA), provide essential information for biological and conservation sciences. Molecular measurements are often performed in the laboratory, which limits their scope, especially for rapid on‐site analysis. eDNA methods for species detection provide essential information for the management and conservation of species and communities in various environments. We have developed an innovative novel method for on‐site eDNA measurements using an ultrarapid mobile PCR platform. We tested the ability of our method to detect the distribution of silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, in rivers and lakes. Our method reduced the measurement time to 30 min and provided high detectability of aquatic organisms compared to national observation surveys that use multiple fishing nets and laboratory extraction/detection using a benchtop qPCR platform. Our on‐site eDNA method can be immediately applied to various taxa and environments.
Arterial evaluation of systemic sclerosis patients with Doppler ultrasound: What did we find?
Authors: Badak Suade Ozlem , Gulek Bozkurt , Kayacan Erdogan Esra , Bınokay Hulya , Erken Eren 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to detect macrovascular findings in systemic sclerosis (SSc) by means of color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) and to evaluate the relationship between the laboratory and clinical findings in the setting of the disease.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study. Eighty‐eight patients were included in the study. CDUS examinations of the bilateral carotid, vertebral, and peripheral arteries were performed. The presence of macrovascular involvement was investigated and recorded, and its relationships with the clinical, laboratory, and cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated.ResultsAn atheromatous plaque was found in 67.7% of the 1936 arteries examined by CDUS. Of these 1936 arteries, 37.4% demonstrated a narrowing of the intraluminal diameter. On the other hand, the carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) was found to have increased in 55.7% of the patients. This increase was found to be statistically correlated with disease duration, the modified Rodnan Skin Thickness Score, and the Medsger Disease Activity Score. But no relation existed with the disease subtype, age, or cardiovascular risk factors. Arterial occlusion was detected in 10 patients. An association was found between the CIMT values and arterial occlusion.ConclusionsIn this study, we examined the arteries by means of CDUS, and we detected structural alterations in the peripheral and carotid arteries. We witnessed that these macrovascular changes had a close association with certain features of SSc. We think there is a need for broader prospective studies in order to evaluate the contribution of these factors to the macrovascular changes stated in the article.
Non‐invasive surveys of mammalian viruses using environmental DNA
Authors: Alfano Niccolò , Dayaram Anisha , Axtner Jan , Tsangaras Kyriakos , Kampmann Marie‐Louise , Mohamed Azlan , Wong Seth T. , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Wilting Andreas , Greenwood Alex D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Environmental DNA (eDNA) and invertebrate‐derived DNA (iDNA) are used to survey biodiversity non‐invasively to mitigate difficulties in obtaining wildlife samples, particularly in remote areas or for rare species. Recently, eDNA/iDNA were used to monitor known wildlife pathogens; however, most wildlife pathogens are unknown and often evolutionarily divergent.

To detect and identify known and novel mammalian viruses from eDNA/iDNA, we used a curated set of RNA oligonucleotides as viral baits in a hybridization capture system coupled with high‐throughput sequencing.

We detected multiple known and novel mammalian RNA and DNA viruses from multiple viral families from both waterhole eDNA and leech‐derived iDNA. Congruence was found between detected hosts and viruses identified in leeches and waterholes.

Our results demonstrate that eDNA/iDNA samples represent an effective non‐invasive resource for studying wildlife viral diversity and for detecting novel potentially zoonotic viruses prior to their emergence.
Adapting a propane turkey fryer to manipulate temperature in aquatic environments
Authors: Konecny Cassandra A. , Brownlee Graham R. P. , Harley Christopher D. G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

There is a growing need to better understand the potential impacts of altered thermal regimes on biodiversity and ecosystem function as mean temperatures, and the likelihood of extreme temperatures, continue to increase.

One valuable approach to identify mechanisms and pathways of thermally driven change at the community level is through the manipulation of temperature in the field. However, where methods exist, they are often costly or unable to produce ecologically relevant changes in temperature.

Here, we present a low‐cost, easily assembled and readily customizable thermal manipulation system for tide pools or other small bodies of water—the Seaside Array for Understanding Thermal Effects (SAUTE)—and demonstrate its ability to effectively alter the temperature in tide pools.

During our 3‐hr heating manipulation, heated pools reached temperatures 4℃ warmer than unmanipulated pools. During the cooling manipulation, cooled pools remained on average 1.8℃ cooler than control pools.

The novel SAUTE system can be used to alter the temperature of tide pools in situ. Furthermore, it could be modified to heat other environments such as freshwater vernal pools and settlement tiles in a realistic and meaningful manner, serving as a useful tool to test questions surrounding the relationship between climate warming, thermal variability and ecological processes in natural aquatic communities.
Effect of immunoglobulin G on cytokine response in necrotising soft‐tissue infection: A post hoc analysis
Authors: Hedetoft Morten , Madsen Martin B. , Perner Anders , Garred Peter , Hyldegaard Ole 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundA marked inflammatory response in necrotising soft‐tissue infection (NSTI) may contribute to the severe clinical course. Intravenous polyspecific immunoglobulin G (IVIG) is used by some as adjuvant treatment for NSTI, but in the randomised INSTINCT trial, no effect of IVIG in NSTI patients was seen on physical quality of life. In experimental studies, IVIG may induce immunosuppressive effects by reducing the pro‐inflammatory response and neutralising circulating superantigens. However, data on the potential immunomodulatory effects are sparse and remain to be investigated in a clinical setting. In this post hoc analysis of the INSTINCT trial, we aimed to assess the effect of IVIG on various inflammatory cytokines up to day 3 after randomisation.MethodsTumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐10 and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor were measured at admission, days 1, 2 and 3.ResultsA total of 100 ICU patients with NSTI were included; 50 were allocated to IVIG (25 g/d for 3 days) and 50 to placebo. No difference in the overall inflammatory response was observed between groups except from TNF, which was higher in the IVIG group as compared to the placebo group (area under curve‐admission to day 3, 93.6 vs 60.2, P = .02). Similarly, no differences were observed in percentage change from baseline to day 3 in any of the studied cytokines between patients allocated to IVIG group and those allocated to placebo group.ConclusionIn ICU patients with NSTI, IVIG did not reduce the plasma concentration of cytokines in the first 3 days.
Paracetamol, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids for postoperative pain: A protocol for a systematic review with meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Ritsmer Stormholt Emma , Steiness Joakim , Bauer Derby Cecilie , Esta Larsen Mia , Maagaard Mathias , Mathiesen Ole 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundMultimodal analgesia is the leading principle for managing postoperative pain. Recent guidelines recommend combinations of paracetamol and a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) for most surgeries. Glucocorticoids have been used for decades due to their potent anti‐inflammatory and antipyretic properties. Subsequently, glucocorticoids may improve postoperative analgesia. We will perform a systematic review to assess benefits and harms of adding glucocorticoids to paracetamol and NSAIDs. We expect to uncover pros and cons of the addition of glucocorticoid to the basic standard regimen of paracetamol and NSAIDs for postoperative analgesia.MethodThis protocol for a systematic review was written according to the The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Protocols guidelines. We will search for trials in the following electronic databases: Medline, CENTRAL, CDSR and Embase. Two authors will independently screen trials for inclusion using Covidence, extract data and assess risk of bias using Cochrane's ROB 2 tool. We will analyse data using Review Manager and Trial Sequential Analysis.Meta‐analysis will be performed according to the Cochrane guidelines and results will be validated according to the eight‐step procedure suggested by Jakobsen et al We will present our primary findings in a ‘summary of findings’ table. We will evaluate the overall certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach.DiscussionThis review will aim to explore the combination of glucocorticoids together with paracetamol and NSAIDs for postoperative pain. We will attempt to provide reliable evidence regarding the role of glucocorticoids as part of a multimodal analgesic regimen in combination with paracetamol and NSAID.
Antidepressant treatment effects and country income: meta‐regression analysis of individual participant data from duloxetine trials
Authors: Klein Thomas , Weinmann Stefan , Becker Thomas , Koesters Markus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn recent decades, significant numbers of pharmaceutical trials have gradually been relocated to low‐ and middle‐income countries. However, there is little evidence regarding the transferability of trial outcomes across countries. Analysing duloxetine randomised controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in different countries, we investigated whether per capita gross national income (GNI) and healthcare expenditure (HE) are associated with pre‐post mean changes of depression severity and differences in duloxetine‐placebo effect sizes.MethodMeta‐analyses included RCTs investigating duloxetine efficacy in patients with depression. Individual participant data (IPD) from multi‐centre duloxetine trials were provided by the manufacturer. Data extracted from published reports also entered analyses in case of trials conducted in only one country. A meta‐regression approach was applied to analyse associations of GNI and HE with standardised pre‐post mean change using raw score standardisation (SMCR) and comparative effect size, that is, the mean differences (MD) in pre‐post effect size between duloxetine and placebo treatment.Results23 trials with 8417 randomised participants entered analyses. Regression coefficients indicated a negative linear relationship of SMCR with GNI (z‐standardisedβ = −3.61,R2 = 14.8%,p< 0.001) and HE (β = −4.72,R2 = 24.8%,p< 0.001) for participants treated with duloxetine. Similar associations were found for placebo treatment (GNI:β = −3.52,R2 = 23.8%,p< 0.001;β = −3.34,R2 = 21.0%p< 0.001). Neither GNI nor HE was associated with the MD between duloxetine and placebo pre‐post differences.ConclusionsFindings challenge the idea of the universal transferability of antidepressant trial outcomes across countries. Understanding the results of antidepressant RCTs demands more sophisticated clarification of context factors involved in determining effectiveness of antidepressant medication and should be discussed with a view to socio‐economic context in their countries of origin.
Use of register‐ and survey‐based measures of anxiety in a population‐based Danish cohort
Authors: Osler Merete , Rozing Maarten Pieter , Wium‐Andersen Ida Kim , Wium‐Andersen Marie Kim , Dantoft Thomas Meinertz , Fink Per , Jørgensen Martin Balslev , Jørgensen Terese Sara Høj 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe explored the comparability of anxiety measures from register‐ and survey‐based data including analyses of prevalence and associations with selected psychiatric and somatic diseases.MethodsWe measured anxiety using Danish registers (hospital diagnosis and anxiolytic drug prescriptions), self‐reports, symptom checklist (SCL) scores, and a clinical interview in 7493 adults with mean age 52 (SD 13.3) years who participated in a health survey between 2012 and 2015. We estimated the prevalence of anxiety, agreement between different measures and performed quantitative bias analysis.ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of hospital diagnosed anxiety, anxiolytic drug prescriptions, and self‐reported anxiety were 4.4%, 6.2%, and 5.1%, respectively, after adjusting for selective participation. The agreement between the different anxiety measures was low. Thus, 25% with an anxiety diagnosis and 20% with anxiolytic drug prescriptions also had a high SCL score. Anxiolytic drugs were the only measure significantly associated with higher odds of heart disease. Hospital diagnosis and self‐reported anxiety were associated with depression with odds ratio (OR) above 15, whereas anxiolytic drug prescriptions were less strongly associated (OR = 2.2(95% confidence interval: 1.26–3.91)). The risk estimates attenuated considerably when correcting for measurement error, whereas the ORs became slightly higher when the selective participation in the survey was accounted for.ConclusionAnxiety diagnosed in hospitals and self‐reported anxiety showed low level of agreement but provide comparable results regarding frequency measures and associations with disease outcomes.
Distance disintegration characterizes node‐level topological dysfunctions in cocaine addiction
Authors: Costumero Víctor , Rosell Negre Patricia , Bustamante Juan Carlos , Fuentes‐Claramonte Paola , Adrián‐Ventura Jesús , Palomar‐García María‐Ángeles , Miró‐Padilla Anna , Llopis Juan José , Sepulcre Jorge , Barrós‐Loscertales Alfonso 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious investigations have used global graph theory measures in order to disentangle the complexity of the neural reorganizations occurring in cocaine use disorder (CUD). However, how these global topological alterations map into individual brain network areas remains unknown. In this study, we used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to investigate node‐level topological dysfunctions in CUD. The sample was composed of 32 individuals with CUD and 32 healthy controls, matched in age, years of education and intellectual functioning. Graph theory measures of optimal connectivity distance, node strength, nodal efficiency and clustering coefficient were estimated in each participant using voxel‐wise functional connectivity connectomes. CUD individuals as compared with healthy controls showed higher optimal connectivity distances in ventral striatum, insula, cerebellum, temporal cortex, lateral orbitofrontal cortex, middle frontal cortex and left hippocampus. Furthermore, clinical measures quantifying severity of dependence were positively related with optimal connectivity distances in the right rolandic operculum and the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, whereas length of abstinence was negatively associated with optimal connectivity distances in the right temporal pole and the left insula. Our results reveal a topological distancing of cognitive and affective related areas in addiction, suggesting an overall reduction in the communication capacity of these regions.