bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Limits of Functional Differentiation under Populist Rule in Latin America
Authors: Mascareño Dr. Aldo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPopulism has been one of the most outstanding features of Latin American politics throughout the 20thcentury. By controlling political and economic operations and appealing to the semantic construction ofpueblo(the people), populism has succeeded in shaping a regional variant of functional differentiation. This process is analyzed along three phases of Latin American history, the pre-populist age ofcaudillos, the classic populism in the 20thcentury, and the neo-populist period in the 21stcentury. The article concludes with a reflection on the consequences of populism for the institutional framework in Latin America.
“Modern Authoritarians” Coping with the Challenge of Modern Society
Authors: Hayoz Nicolas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe study of “Modern authoritarians”<fnote> This part of the title is inspired by Arch Puddington’s Freedom House report on modern authoritarians (Puddington 2017).</fnote> has become for understandable reasons a fashionable topic, particularly in political science. Authoritarian regimes such as Russia and China are of course a challenge for democracies. A more sociological perspective could focus rather on the question to what extent such modern authoritarian powers have realized on a regional level of world society a variant of differentiation which could challenge or even undermine functional differentiation as the main type of differentiation in modern society. The empire could be a candidate for such a variant. But this paper prefers to look rather at how authoritarian regimes are using and misusing organizations and networks to protect their grip on power and to control society, particularly politics. Such power structures may be considered as parasitical differentiation. What in the political world looks like a kind of competition between autocracies and democracies could also be considered as a regional, more or less successful attempt to control and instrumentalise politically functional differentiation, its performance and its effects.
Vitamin D3 reduces hippocampal NR2A and anxiety in nicotine withdrawal mice
Authors: Wu Bingxue , Tao Xinrong , Liu Chuanlin , Li Huaixu , Jiang Tao , Chen Zijun , Wang Qi , Liu Fei , Mu Min , Chen Zhaoyan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nicotine withdrawal symptoms, mainly anxiety, cause high level of relapse rate after quitting smoking. Vitamin D supplementation has shown its potential for the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders; however, neurobiological studies about the effect of vitamin D on nicotine withdrawal-induced anxiety are limited. To investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of vitamin D3 supplement by dietary on anxiety-like behavior during nicotine withdrawal, male C57/BL6 mice were divided into four groups: vehicle, nicotine only, vitamin D3 only, and nicotine plus vitamin D3. Mice were administrated with nicotine in drinking water (200 µg/mL), and vitamin D3 in feed for 6 weeks. During nicotine withdrawal, vitamin D3-treated mice showed significantly less anxiety-like behavior by an open-field test and marble buried test that performed an increase in the duration of the central zone and a decrease buried marble, respectively. Moreover, vitamin D3 supplementation attenuated the hippocampal NR2A expression on both protein and mRNA levels in nicotine and vitamin D3-treated mice. Our data showed that dietary supplementation with vitamin D3 ameliorated nicotine withdrawal-induced anxiety, which may be related to downregulation of NR2A expression in hippocampus. Vitamin D3 may provide a new dietary intervention with the easy access for smoking cessation.
Links of Previously Experienced Unemployment to the Subjective Well-Being of Older Adults in the Baltic States
Authors: Kairys Antanas , Sadauskaitė Raimonda , Bagdonas Albinas , Eimontas Jonas , Pakalniškienė Vilmantė , Zamalijeva Olga 
Published: June 2021

In this paper, using data obtained from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), previously experienced unemployment links to the subjective well-being of older adults in the Baltic States are analyzed.
One of the global challenges faced by a considerable number of countries is the aging of society. Subjective well-being of older adults and its factors are becoming one of the fundamental issues of the research as older adults are becoming a bigger part of society, and it becomes critical to understand what makes their lives wholesome. According to the life course perspective, human development is a lifelong process, and various events, personal life experiences may shape people and their lives. Therefore, it can be assumed that such a significant event as previously experienced unemployment may be related to the subjective well-being at older ages. Thus, this study aims to analyze the links between previously experienced unemployment and the subjective well-being of life of older adults in the Baltic States.
Data obtained from the 7th wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was used for the analysis (Bergmann et al., 2019; Börsch-Supan, 2020). Two thousand eight hundred five responses of Estonians, 941 of Lithuanians, and 809 of Latvians over the age of 50 were analyzed. The subjective well-being, previously experienced unemployment, socio-demographic, personality, and health factors were analyzed.
Research results show that many factors predict the subjective well-being of older adults in the three Baltic States: sociodemographic data can explain around 11% of the variance of the subjective well-being. Income additionally explains 2%, factors related to a person’s health adds 11% to the explanation, personality traits – also 11%, previously experienced unemployment – less than 1%. In the model containing all the factors, the most important predictor was personality trait neuroticism, and the model explained 35% of the variance of the subjective well-being. The subjective well-being was not linked only to gender and living with a partner. By analyzing the links between previously experienced unemployment and subjective well-being, we found that these links are relatively weak, although they remain even when controlling a range of factors of subjective well-being.
Reflection in Teaching
Authors: Mustafa Ghassoub 
Published: June 2021

The first part presents a review of concepts relating to reflection, drawing on the literature in this area. This literature review relates to the following aspects of reflection: the definition of reflection, the process of reflection, strategies in reflection, content of reflection, barriers to reflection, and advantages of reflection.
The second part of this paper presents an investigation into the perceptions of a small sample of English language educators and supervisors, through personal interviews with 9 teachers and 3 supervisors from one higher education institution and other educational institutions in the United Arab Emirates. The findings of the investigation are analyzed with respect to the dimensions that appear in the literature review. These findings show that the teachers do have some knowledge of reflection. They reveal that the teachers: attitudes towards reflection and its applicability in the teaching and learning process is largely positive, mixed with some degree of skepticism. Teachers agree that reflection is useful, but many seem uncertain about how it can be applied in their situation. In some cases the interviewees seemed to be more concerned about the technicalities of their job, making collaborative reflection appear less of a priority.
Assembling and disassembling
Authors: Sternfeld Nora 
Published: June 2021

“Towards the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century”, as Anthony Gardner and Charles Green propose, “biennials became self-conscious.” Increasingly they are reflecting on themselves as "hegemonic machines" (Oliver Marchart), and for this very reason also understand themselves as places of intervention. We have to come to terms with the fact that biennials today are both: "Brands and Sites of Resistance", "Spaces of Capital and Hope" (Panos Kompatsiaris).The article follows withdrawals and protests as well as interventions and strategies of appropriation of biennials in the second decade of the 21st century. Protests in St. Petersburg, Sydney and New York shape the biennials they boycott. In Kochi, Athens, Dhaka, and Kassel we encounter curatorial projects that challenge the apparatus of value coding. The relationship between bottom up and top down often becomes blurred. In Prague, Warsaw, Kiev, and Budapest it is even reversed. Here biennials are used as a means of counter-hegemony and institutional survival.
White Cord Syndrome and Acute Tetraplegia After Posterior Cervical Decompression
Authors: Segal Dale N. , Lunati Matthew P. , Kukowski Nathan R. , Michael Keith W. 
Published: June 2021

Case:
A 55-year-old man undergoes posterior cervical decompression and instrumentation for progressive cervical myelopathy and develops white cord syndrome (WCS) postoperatively with acute tetraplegia.

Conclusion:
WCS is a rare complication of spinal surgery that is thought to be due to reperfusion injury. We diagnosed WCS in our patient through postoperative examination consisting of acute tetraplegia and magnetic resonance imaging revealing increased signal in the cord. In this case, we used intravenous dexamethasone and mean arterial pressure above 90 mm Hg resulting in markedly improved clinical examination.
Acute Gluteal Compartment Syndrome with Nonclassical Symptoms
Authors: Davis Benjamin J. , Mak Ryan , Schneider Andrew , Brown Nicholas M. 
Published: June 2021

Case:
A 34-year-old man presented to the emergency department with rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, and pain in the gluteal region after falling asleep on his side after heroin and alcohol use. On examination, he had swollen gluteal compartment musculature; however, he tolerated full passive range of motion with minimal pain. Intercompartmental pressure measured >110 mm Hg; therefore, emergent fasciotomy of the gluteal compartment musculature was performed. Timely treatment of his acute compartment syndrome produced minimal functional deficits with a favorable outcome.

Conclusion:
Clinicians should be vigilant in the setting of patients with prolonged gluteal pressure, particularly with alcohol or drug use, to avoid potential serious complications of a missed acute compartment syndrome diagnosis and be aware that every case may not have all of the components of the classic presentation.
Experimental study of supercontinuum generation in step-index highly nonlinear fibers
Authors: gao weiqing , Zhang Lei , Chen Haiwen , Li Jingya , Jiang Yuxi , Wan Lipeng , Dai Wenwen , Chen Wu , Tong Liang , Liu Shaoqing , Zhou Yong , Ma Xiaohui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this work, supercontinuum (SC) generation in three kinds of step-index highly nonlinear fibers (HNLFs) are experimentally investigated. The generated SC spectra are compared with each other by changing the numbers and wavelengths of the pump sources, and also by employing the HNLFs with different refractive-index differences between the core and the cladding. The widest spectral range of generated SC was about 2650 nm covering from 350 to 3000 nm when using the three pump wavelengths of 800, 1400 and 1867 nm. The results demonstrate that the step-index HNLFs have excellent performances for SC generation and great potentials for the realization of all-fiber SC source.
Complete Genome Sequence of Microbulbifer sp. YPW1 from Mangrove Sediments in Yanpu Harbor, China
Authors: Dingquan Wang , Wang Jianxin , Shui Bonian , Zhu Longqiang , Wang Jiangqi , Jin Linxi , Qu Wu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this work, a strain named YPW1 was isolated from the sediments of an artificial mangrove in Yanpu harbor, China. Whole genomic sequencing was conducted to reveal the potential ecological roles of strain YPW1 for the environment. The result of 16S rRNA gene alignment assigned strain YPW1 into Microbulbifer genus, and then, 10 representative genomes from Microbulbifer genus were selected to compare with YPW1. Results showed that the genome of strain YPW1 possessed more carbohydrate-active enzyme genes to transform various recalcitrant polysaccharides into bioavailable monosaccharides than those of the selected genomes. Furthermore, among the selected genomes, YPW1 was the only strain with nitrate, nitrite, and nitric oxide reductases which could appoint nitrous oxide, a powerful greenhouse gas, as the end-product of its denitrification process. Therefore, strain YPW1 was a member of Microbulbifer genus with special ecological roles that served as the center for the degradation and utilization of polysaccharides and the performer of denitrification with greenhouse gas as the end-product, and the abundance and biological activity of YPW1 could be an indicator to reflect the ecological function of this artificial mangrove in energy material providing and climate regulation.
Sox10 Gene is Required for the Survival of Saccular and Utricular Hair Cells
Authors: Qi Jing-cui , Jiang Qing-qing , Ma Long , Yuan Shuo-long , Sun Wei , Yu Li-sheng , Guo Wei-wei , Yang Shi-ming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background:. Pathological changes of the cochlea and hearing loss have been well addressed in Waardenburg syndrome (WS). However, the vestibular organ malformation in WS is still largely unknown. In this study, the differentiation and development of vestibular sensory epithelium and vestibular function caused by SOX10 mutation, a critical gene induces WS, has been studied in minature pig model. Results: Degeneration of vestibular hair cells was found in this Sox10 mutation porcine model. Inner ear phenotype of the SOX10+/R109W miniature pigs showed cochlear abnormalities as well as saccular hypofunction. In the mutant pigs, no prominent dissimilarity was shown in the bone structure of the semicircular canals. However, the saccular membrane was collapsed and the infusion of stereocilia of the hair cells were observed. There was no dark cells in the uticules in th mutant pigs. The density of the utricular hair cells was also significantly lower in the mutant pigs compared to the wild type. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that the SOX10 gene and melanocytes play important roles in the vestibular organ development. Sox10 mutation disrupts the KIT-DCT signaling pathway, affects the development of melanocytes and leads to vestibule morphogenesis.
Violence and Mental Health among Adolescents in South East Nigeria
Authors: Ughasoro Maduka D , Onukwuli Vivian Ozoemena , Onwujekwe Obinna E , Uzochukwu Benjamin S.C , Ebenso Bassey , Okoli Chinedu C. , Achor Achor F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThere is rise in the prevalence of mental health illnesses among the adolescent and the impact of violence on this rising trend requires to be evaluated. This is the aim of this study.Methods.The study was a cross-sectional school based study. Adolescents in the selected schools were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Information on the previous experience of violence, the action they took, and the effect on them were collected. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS. Significant was set at the p-value of <0.05.ResultsA total of 716 adolescents were involved in the study. The prevalence of violence was 87%. About 57.2% of the violence occurred at home, 44.2% done by relatives and 49.2% within the past 6 months. Sexual abuse was 10.2%. Among the adolescents that experienced violence, 58.7% suffered some form of mental health illness(es). There was significant difference between the action the adolescents took after the violence incident and the action their considered appropriate (p=0.00001). Female gender (p=0.042), not living with parents (p=0.015) and poverty (p=0.00001) significantly correlate with adolescent violence.Discussion and Conclusion.Violence is high among adolescent and associated with high prevalence of mental health illnesses. Intervention to reduce violence should target improvement in poverty alleviation programs to empower families to carter for their children should be implemented.
Therapeutic Interventions are Important Risk Factors for Delirium in the ICU Setting ： A Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Liu Ying , Yuan Zhiyong , Cai Shixia , Han Xiaoning , Song Kai , Wang Mei , Teng Haifeng , Sun Yunbo , Xing Jinyan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Delirium is an important independent predictor of negative clinical outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the territorial incidence of ICU delirium, its related risk factors, and short-term outcomes in Shandong Province, China, to provide precise information for territorial patient management.
Methods

A multicenter prospective observational study was conducted. Patients with delirium were defined as any patient with at least one positive CAM-ICU or ICDSC assessment. Demographics, admission clinical data, daily interventions provided to patients and environmental factors were collected.
Results

From May 1, 2018 to Jan 31, 2020, 536 noncomatose patients were ultimately eligible for the study. One hundred eighteen patients (22%) experienced delirium at least once. In the univariate analysis, age (p = 0.009), SOFA score (p = 0.006), a history of cerebrovascular disease (p = 0.044) and impaired renal function (p = 0.003) were risk factors for delirium. Most therapeutic interventions were linked to delirium in the univariate analysis, including enteral nutrition (p = 0.000), artificial airway (p = 0.021), nasogastric tube (p = 0.001), use of restraint straps (p = 0.000), and use of sedative medications, including midazolam (p = 0.003), propofol (p = 0.032) and butorphanol (p = 0.028). Among the patient’s vital signs and laboratory examinations performed on the day of assessment, body temperature, BUN levels and CRP levels were risk factors for delirium. Midazolam use, chronic renal insufficiency, physical restraints, nosogastric tube, enteral nutrition, and CRP and BUN levels were factors associated with an increased risk of delirium in the multivariate analysis. The durations of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay in patients with delirium was significantly higher than those in patients without delirium [8 (IQR: 4–14) vs 5 (IQR: 3–10) and 9 (IQR: 4–17) vs 6 (IQR: 4–12), p < 0.05].
Conclusions

Delirium was associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and a prolonged ICU stay. Based on the findings from this study, we should not only reduce the use of sedatives and analgesics but also minimize invasive operations, including the placement of nasogastric tubes, to recover eternal nutrition for ICU patients and avoid physical restraints as much as possible to prevent delirium.
Trial registration:

This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900021360).
Robust Dual-Channel Disturbance Rejection Attitude Control for a Quadrotor UAV: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Pan Jian , Xiong Jiaxin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a robust dual-channel disturbance rejection control based on an inner-outer loop control framework is proposed for the attitude control of the quadrotor under modeling uncertainties and unknown disturbances. In the outer loop, a tracking differentiator is introduced to obtain smooth tracking signals and their derivatives. In addition, an outer loop controller is developed with the tracking signals set as the desired signals. In the inner loop, a robust dual-channel disturbance rejection controller based on a sliding mode observer is constructed, which contains an inner disturbance rejection channel (IDRC) and an outer disturbance rejection channel (ODRC). In the IDRC, a disturbance rejection compensator is designed to obtain the disturbance compensation values and to compensate a part of the lumped disturbances in the attitude dynamic model. In the ODRC, an inner loop controller with variable-gain switching terms and constant-gain switching terms is designed, whose switching terms are used to compensate the remaining part of the lumped disturbances in the attitude dynamic model. By using the proposed control scheme, the robustness is guaranteed, and the chattering phenomenon caused by the variable-gain switching terms is greatly reduced. The stability of the proposed scheme is analyzed by using the Lyapunov theory. Finally, the effectiveness is tested by the platform experiments.
Role of Human Papillomavirus and its Association with an Indian Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Subjects
Authors: Patel Amisha , Gupta Vijay , Shah Sejal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Oral Cancer; especially Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the eighth most common cancer all over the globe and most common neoplasm in India. Due to the tobacco addiction pattern in Indians specially Guajarati’s are well known for high consumption of tobacco in non-smoking form may have the high-risk for developing oral cancer. Apart of this, Human papilloma virus(HPV) might be one of the cause for developing oral cancer hence, the proposed study was carried out for 50 primary OSCC subjects from January 2018 to October 2018. Tumour specimens were HPV-genotyped by type specific PCR method. Statistical analyses were performed by Fisher’s exact test. The present study identified 4% HPV infection frequency in advanced staged OSCC Indian subset, where One OSCC stage IV patient observed with HPV 16 infection and one OSCC stage III patient with HPV 18. Our finding differs with rest of the population, as the region have high amount of consumption of tobacco. Current study need to be validated in larger sample size to get the clear view for association of HPV with oral cancer.
Design of experiments for light-speed invariance to moving observers
Authors: Chen Qian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The principle of the constancy of the velocity of light, which stated that the light velocity is invariant to the motion of the emitter, was well established and directly proven by many experiments. Interestingly, the further assumption that the light velocity is also independent of the motion of the observer was, arguably, never conclusively proven by any experiment for a century. This paper tried to address some perceived technical difficulties in such experiments and proposed two experiments to test this assumption. One is to directly measure the light speed as to moving sensors, with the setup designed in such a way that the concerns of time synchronization and dilation can be avoided. Another experiment is to test the isotropy of the light speed to a high-speed particle by measuring the momentum to acceleration ratio. The experiment results, if positive, will provide direct proof of the assumption. Otherwise, it may imply a need for further investigation. Since the light speed invariance to moving observers is a key assumption of some fundamental physical theory, either way, the experiments will have significant importance.