bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wolf Pack Activism
Authors: Brav Alon , Dasgupta Amil , Mathews Richmond 
Published: November 2021

Blockholder monitoring is central to corporate governance, but blockholders large enough to exercise significant unilateral influence are rare. Mechanisms that enable moderately sized blockholders to exert collective influence are therefore important. Existing theory suggests that engagement by moderately sized blockholders is unlikely, especially when the blocks are held by delegated asset managers who have limited skin in the game. We present a model in which multiple delegated blockholders engage target management in parallel, that is, “wolf pack activism.” Delegation reduces skin in the game, which decreases incentives for engagement. However, it also induces competition over investor capital (i.e., competition for flow). We show that this increases engagement incentives and helps ameliorate the problem of insufficient engagement, although it can also foster excess engagement. Under competition for flow, the total amount of capital seeking skilled activist managers is relevant to engagement incentives, which helps to predict when and where wolf packs arise. Flow incentives are particularly valuable in incentivizing engagement by packs with smaller members. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Epidemiological study of snakebite cases in Sikkim: Risk modeling with regard to the habitat suitability of common venomous snakes
Authors: Rai Ananta , Chettri Manita , Dewan Sailendra , Khandelwal Bidita , Chettri Basundhara 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundSnakebite envenoming is listed as category ‘A’ Neglected Tropical Disease. To achieve the target of WHO (World Health Organization) 2019, it becomes necessary to understand various attributes associated with snakebite including community awareness, improvisation of medical facilities and to map the potential distribution of venomous snakes responsible for the bite. Hence this study is conducted in Sikkim, India to understand the epidemiology of snakebite in Sikkim. The potential distribution and risk mapping of five common venomous snakes are done for effective management of snakebite cases.Methods and findingsThe snakebite cases registered in six district hospitals and four PHCs (Primary Health Centers) of Sikkim were collected from the year 2011 to 2018. Community survey was also conducted to supplement the data. Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) was performed to predict the potential habitat of five common venomous snakes of Sikkim. The risk modeling of snakebite cases was done at the level of Gram Panchayat Unit (GPU) using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) and Ordinary Linear Square (OLS) model. We found higher number of male victims inflicted with snakebite envenomation. The potential distribution of the five venomous snakes showed satisfactory mean AUC (Area under Curve) value. Both the models showed significant positive association of snakebite cases with habitat suitability of the venomous snakes. Hospital data revealed no death cases whereas community data reported 24 deaths.ConclusionsDeath from snakebite reflected in community data but not in hospital data strongly indicates the people’s belief in traditional medicine. Though people of Sikkim have rich traditional knowledge, in case of snakebite traditional practices may be ineffective leading to loss of life. Sensitizing people and improving medical facilities along with proper transport facilities in rural areas might significantly reduce the snakebite casualties in the state.
Thrombotic microangiopathy after kidney transplantation: Analysis of the Brazilian Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome cohort
Authors: Nga Hong Si , Palma Lilian Monteiro Pereira , Ernandes Neto Miguel , Fernandes-Charpiot Ida Maria Maximina , Garcia Valter Duro , Kist Roger , Miranda Silvana Maria Carvalho , Macedo de Souza Pedro Augusto , Pereira Gerson Marques , de Andrade Luis Gustavo Modelli 
Published: November 2021

Background
Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS) is an ultra-rare disease that potentially leads to kidney graft failure due to ongoing Thrombotic Microangiopathy (TMA). The aim was evaluating the frequency of TMA after kidney transplantation in patients with aHUS in a Brazilian cohort stratified by the use of the specific complement-inhibitor eculizumab.

Methods
This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study including kidney transplant patients diagnosed with aHUS. We collected data from 118 transplant centers in Brazil concerning aHUS transplanted patients between 01/01/2007 and 12/31/2019. Patients were stratified into three groups: no use of eculizumab (No Eculizumab Group), use of eculizumab for treatment of after transplantation TMA (Therapeutic Group), and use of eculizumab for prophylaxis of aHUS recurrence (Prophylactic Group).

Results
Thirty-eight patients with aHUS who received kidney transplantation were enrolled in the study. Patients’ mean age was 30 years (24–40), and the majority of participants was women (63% of cases). In the No Eculizumab Group (n = 11), there was a 91% graft loss due to the TMA. The hazard ratio of TMA graft loss was 0.07 [0.01–0.55], p = 0.012 in the eculizumab Prophylactic Group and 0.04 [0.00–0.28], p = 0.002 in the eculizumab Therapeutic Group.

Conclusion
The TMA graft loss in the absence of a specific complement-inhibitor was higher among the Brazilian cohort of kidney transplant patients. This finding reinforces the need of eculizumab use for treatment of aHUS kidney transplant patients. Cost optimization analysis and the early access to C5 inhibitors are suggested, especially in low-medium income countries.
Adoption Medicine
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: November 2021

Adoption Medicine: Caring for Children and Families brings together contributions from leading child health professionals nationwide. It's replete with a wealth of adoption-specific information and insight you won't find anywhere else.
Look here for practical how-to guidance on helping adoptive parents prepare; conducting pre- and post-adoptive health evaluations; optimizing adoptees' personal growth and development; addressing emotional and behavioral problems of puberty and adolescence; identifying and accessing educational and community resources; and much more.
Real-life examples illustrate key counseling and treatment approaches, techniques, and recommendations.
A wealth of essential information and how-to guidance
Need-to-know "basics"
- The adoption process
- Historical perspectives
- Legal considerations
Pre-adoption considerations
- Screening procedures
- Prenatal substance exposure
- Genetics and psychiatric issues
- Neurobiology of risk and resilience
Post-adoption essentials
- Post-adoptive evaluation
- Immediate developmental and behavioral changes
Ongoing adoptee health and well-being
- Long-term developmental and behavioral issues
- Long-term consequences of child maltreatment
- Growth and puberty concerns
- Attachment issues
- Speech and language outcomes in international adoption
- Adoptive identity
- Working with schools
- Identifying and accessing support resources
AM:STARs Adolescent Medicine
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Adolescent Health
Published: November 2021

AM:STARs: Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews is the official publication of the AAP Section on Adolescent Health. Published 3 times per year, the journal offers adolescent medicine specialists and other primary care physicians who treat adolescent patients with state of the art information on all matters relating to adolescent health and wellness.
In this issue, Young Adult Health, topics include:
Approaching Young Adult Health and Medicine from a Developmental Perspective
Seizing the opportunity: Improving Young Adult Preventive Healthcare
Health Insurance, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and Young Adults
Social Media and Health
Helping Those Who Serve: Care of the Young Adult Veteran
Mental Health Among Late Adolescents and Young Adults from a Population-level and Clinical Perspective
ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment in College Students and Young Adults
Nonmedical Use of Prescription Medications in Young Adults
The Transition from Adolescence to Adulthood and Associated Substance Use/Abuse
Asperger’s Syndromve in Young Adulthood: The Clinician as Supportive Coach and Medicial Advisor
Primary Care for Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: Medical Needs and Required Strategies
Pediatric ICD-10-CM
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: November 2021

For the pediatric provider, coder, and biller, here's the most helpful and easy-to-use manual on ICD-10-CM yet. Featuring a laser-sharp pediatrics focus, this resource provides codes and guidelines in a simplified yet familiar format.
Purpose-built to streamline the coding process, this important guide condenses the vast ICD-10-CM code set into a single source for pediatric-centered codes and guidelines. The guidelines are included directly at the chapter and code level, helping ensure that coders will always use the right codes in the right situations. Tabular, indexed navigation helps you find needed items fast.
A New Development Matrix for Global Child Health
Authors: Laraque-Arena Danielle , Shahid Syeda Hafsa 
Published: November 2021

The discussion of global child health should include consideration of the economic and political realities of different countries. These realities will certainly reflect on the health profession educational systems and research capabilities of each country. The categorization of countries is usually based on income: low, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high income/resource. However, in this chapter, we propose that income is not the only determinant of how each category of countries proceeds or should proceed to address health imperatives.
Through technologies not available even a decade ago, all countries, regardless of income level, have greatly increased internal and external connectivity. One example is the availability of cell phones in the most impoverished countries. These technologies have not only quickened the pace of development but also allowed for a rethinking of the progress possible and the just-in-time response to health emergencies, scientific advancements, and the sharing of best practices across borders. This information revolution can, we propose, lead to recognition of the mistakes of high-income, industrialized nations and, thus, avoidance of repeating those mistakes. Disaggregation of health data reflects health disparities within each of the country income categories, signifying a need for a more complex analysis of educational and research approaches to resolving health concerns. For low-income countries it may be possible to tackle basic survival problems resulting from extreme poverty, while concurrently applying 21st-century solutions to improve health outcomes more quickly.
Thus, we propose a new matrix for the development of child health that embraces new-century transformation of educational and research efforts (Figure 5-1). Illustrative case examples will demonstrate the application of this matrix in educational efforts in each country income/resource category. At the root of this analysis is the recognition that economic inclusion and social justice must drive changes to improve the health of individuals and populations in all countries.
Global Health Administrative Competencies
Authors: O’Callahan Cliff 
Published: November 2021

This chapter addresses the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and qualities— the competencies—essential to operate effectively in an administrative role at various levels, from the faculty person to the professional association. These are organized under broad domains.1
This chapter discusses the operational or administrative attributes of key individuals, the larger entities in which they operate, and how they might demonstrate their competency—what they actually do—as a reflection of their knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Administrative competencies in global health might be manifest as the philosophical principles incorporated into their mission, the goals and objectives within their strategic plan, and the policies and managerial decisions they incorporate in their activities.
The entities with administrative duties discussed include global health faculty and program directors as well the larger entities of departmental and division structures, the entire health care or university system, and professional societies.
Competencies imply action, as opposed to simple statements reflecting knowledge or belief, and, thus, need to be measurable to have relevance. Defining basic global health-related competencies increases transparency and induces change toward the ideal. Clear and measurable competency parameters are consumer friendly; the potential undergraduate, resident, or faculty candidate will incorporate these measures into his or her decision-making process when looking for a position. Moreover, and of critical importance, those on the other end of our attentions—the sites to which we send our students, conduct our research, and expand our institutional reach—can monitor and compare how they fare in a particular partnership by comparing it to a transparent and recognized standard. Thus, benchmarking levels of administrative competency at the broader institutional level can be true to the values of partnership and set the stage for bidirectional interaction.
A New Advocacy Paradigm for Education: The Role of Persistence
Authors: Anders Bronwen J. 
Published: November 2021

Persistence may be defined as the quality that allows someone to continue doing something or trying to do something even though it is difficult or opposed by other people, or firm or obstinate continuation of advocacy despite difficulty.1 The first definition implies a long-term commitment to a program. It also implies seeing a project through and seeking opportunities to connect others when the time is right. The term “stickiness factor” from Malcom Gladwell’s book, The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference, has been brought into the global health discussion by Danielle Laraque-Arena, MD, FAAP, in her presidential speech at the 50th anniversary of the Academic Pediatric Association.2,3 The stickiness factor describes a desire to see programs through to sustainability with a more positive, fanciful lightness, not dogged determination like a bulldozer. As children and youth are given the tools to take ownership of their future with persistence and confidence, there may be no turning back.
The fierce determination of community health professionals to ensure adequate, reliable, culturally appropriate, and sustainable programs and policies has come, in part, in the United States from the growth of support for such programs from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
This chapter will briefly follow through the evolving trends and many key concepts as they helped to frame and guide the work of pediatricians and other health care professionals working with communities in the United States and overseas.
Several key concepts that helped to support this effort were taken up by the AAP, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, child-friendly places, concepts of equity and social justice, the Community Access to Child Health program, asset-based community development, the Anne E. Dyson Child Advocacy Award, and the Community Pediatrics Training Initiative, along with the requirement that residents have experiences and opportunities outside the hospital to work with community-based organizations and to learn principals of public health and service learning. The need for persistence will be shown throughout. All these concepts translate easily to overseas work, as we will show with 4 examples. The shared vision of seeking educational successes for all children who can grow up with knowledge of their own languages and stories is taking root across all borders. We are seeing in various countries the importance of spending time with a parent, teacher, or mentor starting at birth surrounded with love and words. The emphasis on the home language spoken freely around the newborn may perhaps mitigate a world fraught with violence, prejudice, and addiction, both in the family and community and in the world at large.
A Home Visiting Parenting Program and Child Obesity: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Ordway Monica Roosa , Sadler Lois S. , Holland Margaret L. , Slade Arietta , Close Nancy , Mayes Linda C. 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND
Young children living in historically marginalized families are at risk for becoming adolescents with obesity and subsequently adults with increased obesity-related morbidities. These risks are particularly acute for Hispanic children. We hypothesized that the prevention-focused, socioecological approach of the “Minding the Baby” (MTB) home visiting program might decrease the rate of childhood overweight and obesity early in life.

METHODS
This study is a prospective longitudinal cohort study in which we include data collected during 2 phases of the MTB randomized controlled trial. First-time, young mothers who lived in medically underserved communities were invited to participate in the MTB program. Data were collected on demographics, maternal mental health, and anthropometrics of 158 children from birth to 2 years.

RESULTS
More children in the intervention group had a healthy BMI at 2 years. The rate of obesity was significantly higher (P &lt; .01) in the control group (19.7%) compared with the intervention group (3.3%) at this age. Among Hispanic families, children in the MTB intervention were less likely to have overweight or obesity (odds ratio = 0.32; 95% confidence interval: 0.13–0.78).

CONCLUSIONS
Using the MTB program, we significantly lowered the rate of obesity among 2-year-old children living in low-socioeconomic-status communities. In addition, children of Hispanic mothers were less likely to have overweight or obesity at 2 years. Given the high and disproportionate national prevalence of Hispanic young children with overweight and obesity and the increased costs of obesity-related morbidities, these findings have important clinical, research, and policy implications.
Pediatric Collections: LGBTQ+: Support and Care Part 1: Combatting Stigma and Discrimination
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: November 2021

Part 1 of this first-of-its-kind 3-part series can help show how to break down the cycles of ignorance, shame, and toxic stress that harm children who identify as LGBTQ+ and improve their chances of leading happy, healthy adult lives.
https://www.aap.org/en/catalog/categories/mental-health-resources/pediatric-collections-lgbtq-support-and-care-part-1-combatting-stigma-and-discrimination-pape/
Pediatric Collections: LGBTQ+: Support and Care (Part 2: Health Concerns and Disparities)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: November 2021

Although most lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning youths are quite resilient and emerge from adolescence as healthy adults, the effects of stigma and heterosexism can contribute to health disparities. Part 2 of this first-of-its-kind 3-part series can help pediatric primary care providers become stronger allies for TGD patients and their families in the clinic, community, and beyond, providing the promise of both a medical home and a future that celebrates people for being true to themselves.
https://www.aap.org/en/catalog/categories/mental-health-resources/pediatric-collections-lgbtq-support-and-care-part-2-health-concerns-and-disparities-paperback/
Discrimination and Subsequent Mental Health, Substance Use, and Well-being in Young Adults
Authors: Lei Yvonne , Shah Vivek , Biely Christopher , Jackson Nicholas , Dudovitz Rebecca , Barnert Elizabeth , Hotez Emily , Guerrero Alma , Bui Anthony L. , Sastry Narayan , Schickedanz Adam 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES
Discrimination has been shown to have profound negative effects on mental and behavioral health and may influence these outcomes early in adulthood. We aimed to examine short-term, long-term, and cumulative associations between different types of interpersonal discrimination (eg, racism, sexism, ageism, and physical appearance discrimination) and mental health, substance use, and well-being for young adults in a longitudinal nationally representative US sample.

METHODS
We used data from 6 waves of the Transition to Adulthood Supplement (2007–2017, 1834 participants) of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Outcome variables included self-reported health, drug use, binge drinking, mental illness diagnosis, Languishing and Flourishing score, and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale score. We used logistic regression with cluster-robust variance estimation to test cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between discrimination frequency (overall, cumulative, and by different reason) and outcomes, controlling for sociodemographics.

RESULTS
Increased discrimination frequency was associated with higher prevalence of languishing (relative risk [RR] 1.34 [95% CI 1.2–1.4]), psychological distress (RR 2.03 [95% CI 1.7–2.4]), mental illness diagnosis (RR 1.26 [95% CI 1.1–1.4]), drug use (RR 1.24 [95% CI 1.2–1.3]), and poor self-reported health (RR 1.26 [95% CI 1.1–1.4]) in the same wave. Associations persisted 2 to 6 years after exposure to discrimination. Similar associations were found with cumulative high-frequency discrimination and with each discrimination subcategory in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.

CONCLUSIONS
In this nationally representative longitudinal sample, current and past discrimination had pervasive adverse associations with mental health, substance use, and well-being in young adults.
Multiplicación in vitro de pitahaya amarilla (Hylocereus megalanthus) a partir de plántulas obtenidas in vitro
Authors: Mállap-Detquizán Gerardo , Vilca-Valqui Nuri C. , Meléndez-Mori Jegnes Benjamín , Huaman-Huaman Eyner , Oliva Manuel 
Published: November 2021

Introducción. Las propiedades nutricionales, capacidad antioxidante y valor comercial de la pitahaya amarilla son un atractivo para su siembra, por ello, es necesario estudiar mejoras tecnológicas para su propagación. Objetivo. Evaluar la viabilidad del establecimiento y multiplicación in vitro de pitahaya amarilla, con el uso como explantes de plántulas provenientes de la germinación in vitro y distintas fuentes hormonales. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se desarrolló en el Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal de la Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Perú, entre febrero y junio de 2020. Se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos para la germinación [control: agua estéril (3 mL), E1: MS (50 %), sacarosa (30 g L-1), agar (6 g L-1), E2: AG3 (250 mg L-1), E3: MS (100 %), sacarosa (30 g L-1), agar (6 g L-1), AG3 (250 mg L-1)] y multiplicación [control: MS (100 %), sacarosa (30 g L-1), agar (7 g L-1), M1: MS (100 %), sacarosa (30 g L-1), agar (7 g L-1), agua de coco (10 ml L-1), M2: MS (100 %), sacarosa (30 g L-1), agar (7 g L-1), agua de coco (20 ml L-1), carbón activado (2 g L-1), M3: MS (100 %), sacarosa (30 g L-1), agar (7 g L-1), BAP (0,10 mg L-1), ANA (3 mg L-1)]. Las variables evaluadas fueron: germinación (%), número y longitud de brotes y raíces, formación de callos (%), enraizamiento (%) y número de aréolas. Resultados. La mejor germinación (100 %) se obtuvo en el medio E1, con más de tres raíces y dos brotes por plántula. El medio M2 generó la mejor multiplicación, con 82,5 % de enraizamiento, brotes de 1,66 cm y 1,86 aréolas, y menor presencia de tejido calloso (60 %). Conclusión. Se logró la micropropagación de pitahaya amarilla al emplear como fuente de explante plántulas obtenidas in vitro.