bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-Anaemic Effect of Cnidoscolus chayamansa (Mc Vaugh) Leaf Extract on Phenyl Hydrazine-Treated Rats
Authors: Kutshik R. J. , Jiyil M. K. , Mafuyai C. E. , Ichor L. L. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Anaemia is one of the world's threatening disease conditions of blood disorder that leads to the decrease in red blood cells which affects people of all ages.
Aim of the Study: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Cnidoscolus chayamansa leaf extract on phenylhydrazine hydrochloride induced anaemia in albino rats.
Study Duration: This study was conducted on 30th June 2019 at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria.
Methodology: A total of 16 rats were split into four groups. Group A the baseline for negative control, group B positive control, group C pre-treatment and group D post-treatment. Induction was done by intraperitoneal with phenylhydrazine at a dose of 40 mg/kg. Blood was taken for each 2 days interval for PCV, RBC, WBC and Hb. Preliminary phytochemical screening was investigated by standard procedures.
Results: The results show a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum PCV, RBC, WBC and Hb concentration when compared with the untreated group. Decrease in serum alanine aminotransferase (15.46±4.443 & 7.80±0.429), aspartate aminotransferase (20.89±1.095 & 11.66±0.898), total bilirubin (13.70±0.351 & 10.45±0.620), direct bilirubin (7.49±0.659 & 3.76±0.042) and alkaline phosphatase (254.25±2.287 & 192.00±1.474) and a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum protein and albumin when compared with untreated group. Iron binding shows a significantly (P<0.05) increase (153.49±0.530 & 166.09±1.334) and (85.16±0.824 &98.43±0.562) while there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in serum Urea (2.39±0.027&4.70±0.047), Creatinine (68.38±0.404&75.01±0.891), and Uric acid (234.92±2.761&246.52±1.136) when compared with the baselines.
Conclusion: The positive effect of the vegetable may be attributed to its rich phytochemicals, nutrients which supports the use of the leaves for food and ethnomedicinal purposes in many parts of Nigeria.
Antidiabetic Activity of Physalis angulata in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Mafuyai C. E. , Luka C. D. , Jiyil M. K. , Okon . 
Published: February 2021

Background: Physalis angulata have been extensively used for the management of diabetes in folklore medicine, in Nigeria.
Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of Physalis angulata and its potential mechanisms in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Study Duration: The period of the study was done on 30th September, 2018 at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, university of Jos, Nigeria.
Methodology: Albino rats of Wistar strain weighing between 200g to 250g were induced with single freshly prepared streptozotocin (55 mg/kg body weight). Diabetes was confirmed after forty eight hours in streptozotocin -induced rats showing fasting blood glucose levels > 10 mmol/l. The rats were randomly divided into four (4) experimental groups (n = 4). A (Control diabetic group fed with normal feed), Group B (Normal control fed with normal feed), Group Group C (Diabetic rats treated with 400 mg/Kg body weight extract of Physalis angulata and Group D, (Diabetic rats are treated with 400 mg/Kg body weight of glibenclamide). After 8 days the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemical and hematological analysis. Changes in the animal body weights were also measured within the period.
Results: From the results, it was observed that treatment of rats with extract of Physalis angulata elevates the reduction of body weight, and caused an increase in the body weight of the treated rats. In the same order, serum glucose significantly decreased (p<0.05) after the 8-day treatment compared to diabetic control. The extent of reversal of hyperglycemia in the physalis angulata extract treated animals compared well with the glibenclamide treated group. The results, therefore, showed that Physalis angulata extract has a significant (p<0.05) hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats and the histopathological results of treated groups showed the regenerative/protective effect on
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure of the cervix and time of delivery in subsequent pregnancy
Authors: Althuisius S.M , Schornagel I.J , Dekker G.A , van Geijn H.P , Hummel P 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To study the effect of the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) on gestational age at delivery in the subsequent pregnancy. Method: Identification of women with LEEP. Chart analysis and inquiry into gestational age at the subsequent delivery. Exclusion of first trimester abortions, multiple gestations, cold knife conizations and women over 40 years during LEEP. For comparison, 40 weeks was used as the mean date of delivery in a normal population. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used and P<0.05 was considered significant. Result: Fifty‐six women delivered after LEEP. Seven delivered preterm of whom three were induced and one had a history of preterm delivery. Deliveries prior to 32 weeks of gestation did not occur. Mean gestational age at delivery was 39 2/7 weeks (95%CI: 38 5/7–39 6/7) which is significantly earlier (P=0.03) than the hypothetical 40 weeks. Conclusion: After LEEP, deliveries prior to 32 weeks did not occur. Gestational age at delivery was only 5 days earlier than expected. LEEP cannot be considered a risk for early preterm delivery.
Rupture of the pregnant uterus — a 21‐year review
Authors: Al Sakka M , Hamsho A , Khan L 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives: To review the incidence of ruptured uteri at the Women's Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) and to analyze the causative factors of uterine rupture with a view to its prevention and to highlight the management approach taken to preserve the patient's reproductive potential. Methods: Case notes were reviewed for all patients (except for eight which were not available) with a ruptured uterus at the Women's Hospital in Doha for a period of 21 years from 1 July 1977 to 30 June 1997, relevant data relating to the clinical features characteristics of labor, operative procedures, and maternal perinatal outcome were assessed. Results: There were 31 cases of ruptured uteri. The incidence of ruptured uteri was calculated to be 0.017%, 23 cases being available for the study. Ten cases (43.5%) occurred in patients with previous cesarean scars, while 13 cases (56.5%) were grand multiparous (para 5 or more). In 10 cases (43.5%) uterine rupture was associated with oxytocin use, and four cases (18.2%) were associated with PGE2 use. The ruptures occurred in the lower segment of 19 cases (90.9%). Fetal heart abnormalities were observed in all cases except one in which the uterus ruptured during labor. Abdominal hysterectomy was performed in 15 cases (65.2%). The remaining eight patients had suture repair, two of them had suture repair with sterilization and the other six cases (26.1%) had suture repair without sterilization. Five of them became pregnant and were delivered by cesarean section. Conclusions: Even though rupture of the uterus was rare in our study, its occurrence should be suspected when there are sudden fetal heart abnormalities during labor or unexpected postpartum shock. Suture repair should be considered whenever possible in order to maintain the patient's future fertility.
Lack of biocytin transfer at gap junctions in the chicken vestibular nuclei
Authors: Arabshahi Alidad , Giaume Christian , Peusner Kenna D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn vivo experiments were designed to test for functional gap junctions at 'mixed' synapses that were morphologically characterized between the large‐diameter, primary vestibular fibers and second‐order vestibular neurons in the chicken, Gallus gallus. In previous intracellular recordings and dye injections into these neurons from brain slice preparations of chick embryos (E15/16) and also newborn hatchlings (H1‐2), no evidence was obtained for functional gap junctions. Therefore, biocytin, a low molecular weight tracer that permeates gap junction channels, was extracellularly applied to either the ampullary nerves or to the vestibular ganglion of 3–6 day old hatchlings and adult chickens (9 months). This procedure resulted in the uptake of the dye and heavy staining of both the thick and thin fibers composing the vestibular nerve and in loading of vestibular efferent neurons. However, no dye transfer was observed between the large‐diameter, primary vestibular fibers and second‐order vestibular neurons. This observation, which was performed using a relatively non‐invasive approach on intact animals, suggests that the gap junctions at these mixed synapses are probably not functional under the conditions of these experiments.
Ca2 +channel α1 ‐ 1‐Subunit transcripts are differentially expressed in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells following nerve growth factor treatment
Authors: Colston James T. , Valdes James J. , Chambers James P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this report, we describe the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on the transcriptional expression of voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channel α1 subunits, i.e., α1A, α1B, α1C, α1D, and α1E in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Using reverse transcriptase‐coupled polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and class‐specific Ca2+ channel oligonucleotide probes, messenger RNA levels were measured and compared to Histone H3.3 transcript which remained relatively constant over the duration of NGF treatment. Although no statistically significant differences in P‐type (α1A) Ca2+ channel transcript levels were observed, N‐type (α1B) Ca2+ channel transcript levels increased 50% over control values (P values < 0.05) at days 7 and 14. In contrast, NGF treatment resulted in decreased levels of L‐type (α1C and α1D) transcripts with α1C decreasing steadily to ∼50% of control (P value < 0.01) by 2 weeks, while α1D decreased to ∼20% of control (P value < 0.01) after 2 days treatment. No α1E Ca2+ channel transcripts were detected in PC12 cells. For comparison, PC12 cells were also treated with another differentiative growth factor, i.e., basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and a nondifferentiative growth factor epidermal growth factor (EGF). In contrast to NGF, bFGF and EGF treatment had no inhibitory effect on L‐type (α1C and α1D) channel transcript levels after 3 days. Like NGF, EGF treatment had no statistically significant effect upon P‐type (α1A) transcript levels but increased in a biphasic manner following bFGF treatment. Presynaptic‐associated α1B (N‐type) Ca2+ channel transcripts were observed decreased following EGF treatment (2 days) while L‐type α1C transcripts decreased after 7 days (P value < 0.01). Although a varied response to differentiative growth factors NGF and bFGF was observed, data presented here indicate that NGF treatment of PC12 cells results in late increased expression of N‐type Ca2+ channel transcripts, while L‐type (α1C and α1D) Ca2+ channel transcripts appear to be down regulated.
Immunolesion of the cholinergic basal forebrain :effects on functional properties of hippocampal and septalneurons
Authors: Bassant Marie‐hélène , Jouvenceau Anne , Apartis Emmanuelle , Poindessous‐jazat Frederique , Dutar Patrick , Billard Jean‐marie 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDeficits in cholinergic function have been documented in a variety of brain disordersincluding Alzheimers Disease and, to a lesser extent, in normal ageing. In the present article, wehave reviewed our recent findings on the effects of the loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neuronson the functional properties of the septohippocampal pathway. In vivo and ex vivo investigations were performed in rats following basal forebrain cholinergic lesion with thespecific immunotoxin 192 IgG‐saporin. Our results suggest a significant contribution ofcholinergic neurons in the rhythmically bursting activity recorded within the medial septum. Inaddition, they give evidence that acetylcholine may tonically decrease the glutamatergic synapticresponses in the hippocampus whereas the GABAergic mediated inhibitory potentials are notaffected. The possible contribution of these cholinergic mechanisms in the age‐related functionalalterations of the septohippocampal activity is discussed.
Heterogeneous regional expression patterns of matrix metalloproteinases in human malignant gliomas
Authors: Vince Giles H. , Wagner Sven , Pietsch Torsten , Klein Rüdiger , Goldbrunner Roland H. , Roosen Klaus , Tonn Jörg C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the differential intra‐ and intertumoral heterogeneity and patterns of matrix metalloproteinase expression in human glioblastomas in vivo. 12 glioblastoma samples were analyzed for MMP expression by semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR. A total of 56 samples (8 adjoining regions of 6 glioblastoma tumors) were immunohistochemically examined for the expression and regional distribution of gelatinase‐A (MMP‐2), gelatinase‐B (MMP‐9), matrilysin (MMP‐7) and stromelysin‐1 (MMP‐3). Gelatinase‐A mRNA was detected in all samples, gelatinase‐B was found in numerous samples. Correspondingly, strong expression levels of both gelatinase protein was seen in immunohistochemistry. Gelatinase‐A was expressed by both tumor cells and endothelium while gelatinase‐B was found to be restricted to endothelial cells. Stromelysin‐1 protein was not detected in any of the samples. Matrilysin was found around tumor cells of three samples from one patient only. The strong immunoreactivity seen for gelatinase‐A around tumor cells and blood vessels suggests a role in both tissue degradation and tumor neoangiogenesis which is in accordance with previously published in vitro data. The marked localization of gelatinase‐B to the endothelium and its presence in non‐infiltrative benign lesions, however, makes a direct proteolytic role of gelatinase‐B on ECM components during glioma invasion appear unlikely. Its close association with vascular structures, however, might indicate a link to neoangiogenesis. The significance of matrilysin which was only seen in tumor cells in three samples remains unclear. Stromelysin‐1, though strongly expressed in cell lines, does not appear to play a role in glioblastoma tumors in vivo.
Issues in pharmacoeconomic studies with psychotropics: Some practical
considerations
Authors: Simeon G 
Published: July 2002

Summary
The assessment of quality of life (QoL) and economic outcomes of
psychotropic medications are closely related. Both costs and QoL are
important in establishing the value of new and existing drugs in order to
assist patients, physicians, payors of health care, and society to make
optimal decisions. These parameters may be combined, as in cost-utility
analyses, or analysed separately. Although not a true reflection of normal
practice, clinical trials are most often the setting for measurement of
these parameters. The viability of such analyses, which often necessitate
the inclusion of active comparators and additional work measuring costs and
QoL, within the context of controlled studies must be established early on
in the development process. If ‘registration oriented’ trials are
inappropriate, alternative strategies must be pursued.
Dysthymia and personality
Authors: Angst J 
Published: July 2002

SummaryData on dysthymia and personality presented here are derived from the Zurich cohort study, which followed 591 subjects from the ages of 20 to 35. From childhood on, dysthymics experienced themselves as far more anxious and less self-confident than did major depressives or controls. They manifested more behavioural problems and high neuroticism and introversion scores. Dysthymics scored low in terms of quality of life, self-esteem and mastery, whereas they scored high in avoiding/denying behaviours. The hypothesis is advanced that behavioural problems, anxiety, high levels of neuroticism and personality disorders constitute risk factors for chronic depression. Evidence is presented of the existence of bipolar dysthymia.
Description and classification of mental health services: a European perspective
Authors: Johnson S , Salvador-Carulla L 
Published: July 2002

SummaryWhilst steady progress has been made in the development and dissemination of valid and reliable instruments for evaluation of patient outcomes, progress in establishing standard methodologies for description and classification of mental health services has been limited. Valid and reliable methods of describing and classifying services are needed in mental health services research for purposes including; i) comparison of levels of provision between catchment areas and countries; ii) reaching an understanding of the relationship between socio-demographic indicators and service use; iii) investigation of the degree to which one service may be substituted for another; iv) evaluating programme implementation; and v) understanding why different outcomes are observed from apparently similar treatment programmes. Where programmes of research encompass different countries, the need for methods of comparing the local service contexts is particularly acute. In this paper, the various contributions which have been made to the somewhat fragmented body of research in this area are reviewed, and the problems which have hampered the development of satisfactory instruments are discussed. A set of criteria for satisfactory service measurement methodologies is proposed: these include development of standard nomenclature and operational definitions of service types; clear demonstration of validity and reliability; comprehensiveness; and applicability and similar interpretation in a range of countries.
Discrepancy Between Multibiomarker Disease Activity and Clinical Disease Activity Scores in Patients With Persistently Active Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Fleischmann Roy , Liu Jingyu , Zhu Julie , Segurado Oscar G. , Furst Daniel E. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveResponsive assessment of disease activity in patients who have rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is necessary to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and guide treatment. We compared the utility of the multibiomarker disease activity (MBDA) score in the assessment of RA disease activity with that of the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28‐ESR) score and the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) in a multicenter, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of repository corticotropin injection (RCI) in patients with persistently active RA.MethodsPatients received 80 units of RCI twice weekly during a 12‐week open‐label period; those who experienced low disease activity at week 12 were randomly assigned to receive either 80 units of RCI or placebo twice weekly during a 12‐week double‐blind period. Changes in disease activity (measured by DAS28‐ESR, CDAI, and MBDA scores) and correlations between MBDA scores and both DAS28‐ESR and CDAI scores were assessed.ResultsChanges from baseline in DAS28‐ESR and CDAI scores suggested that RCI therapy led to clinically meaningful improvements in disease activity, but improvements from baseline in MBDA scores were below the minimally important difference threshold. For the DAS28‐ESR and CDAI, correlations with total MBDA and individual component scores were generally low (r ≤ 0.3) and occasionally moderate (r > 0.3 but r < 0.5).ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest overall MBDA scores are not sufficiently responsive for assessing RA disease activity after RCI therapy. These findings are consistent with those seen with other RA drugs and, although they are from a clinical trial, suggest the MBDA should not be a preferred disease activity measure in clinical practice.
Systemic Immunotherapy with Micellar Resiquimod–Polymer Conjugates Triggers a Robust Antitumor Response in a Breast Cancer Model
Authors: Kakwere Hamilton , Zhang Hua , Ingham Elizabeth S. , Nura‐Raie Marina , Tumbale Spencer K. , Allen Riley , Tam Sarah M. , Wu Bo , Liu Cheng , Kheirolomoom Azadeh , Fite Brett Z. , Ilovitsh Asaf , Lewis Jamal S. , Ferrara Katherine W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResiquimod is an immunopotent toll‐like receptor 7/8 agonist with antitumor activity. Despite being potent against skin cancers, it is poorly tolerated systemically due to toxicity. Integrating resiquimod into nanoparticles presents an avenue to circumvent the toxicity problem. Herein, the preparation of degradable nanoparticles with covalently bound resiquimod and their systemic application in cancer immunotherapy is reported. Dispersion in water of amphiphilic constructs integrating resiquimod covalently bound via degradable amide or ester linkages yields immune‐activating nanoparticles. The degradable agonist–nanoparticle bonds allow the release of resiquimod from the carrier nanoparticles. In vitro assays with antigen presenting cells demonstrate that the nanoparticles retain the immunostimulatory activity of resiquimod. Systemic administration of the nanoparticles and checkpoint blockade (aPD‐1) to a breast cancer mouse model with multiple established tumors triggers antitumor activity evidenced by suppressed tumor growth and enhanced CD8+ T‐cell infiltration. Nanoparticles with ester links, which hydrolyze more readily, yield a stronger immune response with 75% of tumors eliminated when combined with aPD‐1. The reduced tumor growth and the presence of activated CD8+ T‐cells across multiple tumors suggest the potential for treating metastatic cancer.
Type‐II C2N/ZnTe Van Der Waals Heterostructure: A Promising Photocatalyst for Water Splitting
Authors: Chen Jingliang , Wei Xing , Zhang Ru , Liu Jian , Tian Ye , Zhang Yan , Guo Tingting , Fan Jibin , Ni Lei , Zhang Mingshuo , Duan Li 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBased on density functional theory calculations under the framework of first‐principles, the electronic and optical characteristics of C2N/ZnTe van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure are investigated in detail. An inherent type‐II band alignment arises in the heterostructure, which possesses a 1.94 eV direct band gap. With light irradiation, the photogenerated electron‐hole pairs of heterostructure are separated on different monolayers. This helps to extending the lifetime of carriers. Additionally, the lower effective carrier mass is owned for the heterostructure. The heterostructure has suitable band gap and band edge positions, as well as, enhanced visible light absorption capacity, which can facilitate photocatalytic water splitting in acidic conditions. More interestingly, the redox reaction of photocatalytic water splitting can still proceed on the heterostructure after exerting a biaxial tensile strain of 2–6%. These results suggest that C2N/ZnTe vdW heterostructure will be a promising water splitting photocatalyst.