bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical modeling of the process of sterilizing potato explants and obtaining viable potato microclones
Authors: Lebed N I , Makarov A M , Volkov I V , Kukhtik M P , Lebed M B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of the studies is obtaining optimal regime parameters of the process of decontamination of plants’ explants by investigating integral action of sterilizing agent and by modifying nutrient medium. The studies of integral influence of technological factors, which have an impact on the process of explants’ sterilization and output of viable plants, have been carried out by the method of experimental design. As a result of the analysis of literature data and searching experiments three main controllable factors, which influence on a percentage of viable potato sprouts, have been highlighted: a concentration of the antibiotic «Cefotaxime», a concentration of the cytokinin of the 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) and a concentration of the commercial drug «Belizna» (the active substance is sodium hypochlorite), as output index – a percentage of viable plants. Rechtschafner design for three-factor experiment has been realized to study optimum region. The optimal values of regime parameters of the process of decontamination of explants of plants’ material have been determined on the basis of regression equations and two-dimensional sections of yield surfaces: the concentration of the antibiotic «Cefotaxime» in the nutrient medium – 335…365 mg/l, the concentration of the phytohormone 6-BAP - 0.95.1.05 mg/l, the concentration of the commercial drug «Belizna» (the active substance is sodium hypochlorite) – 2.5.2.6 %. At that the percentage of viable plants will amount to 86.0 %.
Innovative technology of engineering profile specialists training for agricultural industrial complex
Authors: Aleksandrina N A , Klimenko V I , Vorob’eva N S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article describes innovative technologies for training engineering specialists. The main meaning of improving the future specialists’ professional training is that the student not only accumulates knowledge and acquires the necessary skills during this period, but also harmoniously develops all components of professional competence. However, at the same time, they are also two relatively independent processes that have both common and special principles in the future specialist personality development single process.
Investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties of copper shell produced by shear spinning in different rotation directions
Authors: Hoseini Seyed Mohammad Javad , Ghayour Hamid , Salemi Golazani Ali , Kasiri Asgarani Masoud , Ebrahimzadeh Iman 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, the effect of alteration in the direction of forming during the shear spinning of C11000 copper metal on mechanical properties, microstructure, texture, and anisotropy was investigated. Shear spinning causes the grains stretching along the axial direction besides increasing the grain length in the circumferential direction. Strain-path change in the shear spinning specimens has somewhat resulted in finer grains, more grain refinement, and a higher percentage of high-angle boundaries. More change of strain direction in the shear spinning specimens resulted in approximately 9% to 11% reduction in strength, from 1% to 9% decrease in hardness, and increased elongation from 7% to 37% more than in the specimen without path change. Shear spinning specimens in different paths had different orientations and texture intensities. In the specimen without strain-path change, most of the texture is related to {123}〈412〉 orientation and copper texture with {112}〈111〉 orientation. In the shear spinning specimens in other paths, textures with {001}〈100〉, {011}〈011〉, and {211}〈011〉 orientations and brass texture with {110}〈112〉 orientation were strengthened. Due to the change in texture and mechanical properties, the strain-path change in the shear spinning process reduced the anisotropy in the C11000 copper metal.
Correlations Among Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability and Treatment With Antihypertensive Medication With Long-Term Adverse Outcomes in a Large Veteran Cohort
Authors: Basson Marc D , Newman William E , Klug Marilyn G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Blood pressure variability (BPV) is associated with adverse events (AEs) independently of hypertension. It has been suggested that calcium channel blockers (CCBs) may reduce BPV, and thus be particularly valuable in hypertensives with high BPV. We sought to investigate how CCB affect BPV progression and whether long-term adverse effects of BPV differ after CCB treatment than after treatment with other antihypertensives.

METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed 25,268 US veterans who had been followed for 3 years without hypertensive therapy, started on a single class of antihypertensive agents (thiazides, CCBs, ACE inhibitors, or beta blockers [BBs]), treated for 6 years, and then followed for 3 additional years. BPV was calculated as SD of systolic or diastolic blood pressures from at least 10 measurements over each 3-year period. A combined AE endpoint included hospitalization, coronary artery bypass grafting, carotid endarterectomy, angioplasty, amputation, arteriovenous fistula creation, and mortality was assessed in years 9–12.

RESULTS
Post-medication high BPV and BB or thiazide use were associated with increased AE risk. Medication type also affected mean post-medication BPV. The effects of medications except for BBs on AE and mortality was independent of the patient BPV.

CONCLUSIONS
The possible deleterious effects of thiazides should be considered within the context of the study population, who were mostly male and received only a single class of hypertensives. While CCB may ameliorate BPV over time, this study does not support choosing CCB over other agents specifically to lessen BPV-associated risk.
Spatio-temporal differences in leaf physiology are associated with fire, not drought, in a clonally integrated shrub
Authors: Wedel Emily R , O’Keefe Kimberly , Nippert Jesse B , Hoch Braden , O’Connor Rory C 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn highly disturbed environments, clonality facilitates plant survival via resprouting after disturbance, resource sharing among interconnected stems and vegetative reproduction. These traits likely contribute to the encroachment of deep-rooted clonal shrubs in tallgrass prairie. Clonal shrubs have access to deep soil water and are typically thought of as relatively insensitive to environmental variability. However, how leaf physiological traits differ among stems within individual clonal shrubs (hereafter ‘intra-clonal’) in response to extreme environmental variation (i.e. drought or fire) is unclear. Accounting for intra-clonal differences among stems in response to disturbance is needed to more accurately parameterize models that predict the effects of shrub encroachment on ecosystem processes. We assessed intra-clonal leaf-level physiology of the most dominant encroaching shrub in Kansas tallgrass prairie, Cornus drummondii, in response to precipitation and fire. We compared leaf gas exchange rates from the periphery to centre within shrub clones during a wet (2015) and extremely dry (2018) year. We also compared leaf physiology between recently burned shrubs (resprouts) with unburned shrubs in 2018. Resprouts had higher gas exchange rates and leaf nitrogen content than unburned shrubs, suggesting increased rates of carbon gain can contribute to recovery after fire. In areas recently burned, resprouts had higher gas exchange rates in the centre of the shrub than the periphery. In unburned areas, leaf physiology remained constant across the growing season within clonal shrubs (2015 and 2018). Results suggest single measurements within a shrub are likely sufficient to parameterize models to understand the effects of shrub encroachment on ecosystem carbon and water cycles, but model parameterization may require additional complexity in the context of fire.
Current status and future prospects of drug–target interaction prediction
Authors: Ru Xiaoqing , Ye Xiucai , Sakurai Tetsuya , Zou Quan , Xu Lei , Lin Chen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Drug–target interaction prediction is important for drug development and drug repurposing. Many computational methods have been proposed for drug–target interaction prediction due to their potential to the time and cost reduction. In this review, we introduce the molecular docking and machine learning-based methods, which have been widely applied to drug–target interaction prediction. Particularly, machine learning-based methods are divided into different types according to the data processing form and task type. For each type of method, we provide a specific description and propose some solutions to improve its capability. The knowledge of heterogeneous network and learning to rank are also summarized in this review. As far as we know, this is the first comprehensive review that summarizes the knowledge of heterogeneous network and learning to rank in the drug–target interaction prediction. Moreover, we propose three aspects that can be explored in depth for future research.
Prediction of long-term survival after gastrectomy using random survival forests
Authors: Rahman S A , Maynard N , Trudgill N , Crosby T , Park M , Wahedally H , Underwood T J , Cromwell D A ,   the NOGCA Project Team and AUGIS
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
No well validated and contemporaneous tools for personalized prognostication of gastric adenocarcinoma exist. This study aimed to derive and validate a prognostic model for overall survival after surgery for gastric adenocarcinoma using a large national dataset.

Methods
National audit data from England and Wales were used to identify patients who underwent a potentially curative gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma of the stomach. A total of 2931 patients were included and 29 clinical and pathological variables were considered for their impact on survival. A non-linear random survival forest methodology was then trained and validated internally using bootstrapping with calibration and discrimination (time-dependent area under the receiver operator curve (tAUC)) assessed.

Results
The median survival of the cohort was 69 months, with a 5-year survival of 53.2 per cent. Ten variables were found to influence survival significantly and were included in the final model, with the most important being lymph node positivity, pT stage and achieving an R0 resection. Patient characteristics including ASA grade and age were also influential. On validation the model achieved excellent performance with a 5-year tAUC of 0.80 (95 per cent c.i. 0.78 to 0.82) and good agreement between observed and predicted survival probabilities. A wide spread of predictions for 3-year (14.8–98.3 (i.q.r. 43.2–84.4) per cent) and 5-year (9.4–96.1 (i.q.r. 31.7–73.8) per cent) survival were seen.

Conclusions
A prognostic model for survival after a potentially curative resection for gastric adenocarcinoma was derived and exhibited excellent discrimination and calibration of predictions.
(De/Re)Constructing LGBT Characters in Latin America: The Implications of Mexican Dubbing for Translating Marginalized Identities
Authors: Bernabo Laurena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article responds to calls for more detailed analyses of localization around the world (E. Castelló, 2009; E. Levine, 2009; S. Waisbord & S. Jalfin, 2009) by examining a Mexican dubbing company and its translation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) characters for Latin American audiences. Gay, lesbian, and transgender characters’ identities are alternately maintained and mitigated because of industrial norms and technical constraints. While LGBT content has been censored in other national contexts, the current study demonstrates the confluence of factors that result in non-censorial manipulation of these marginalized identities in Latin America. This grounded analysis pulls from ethnographic research at the Mexican dubbing studio New Art Dub and discusses dubbing in terms of industrial practices and decision-making processes to articulate the ways local and global elements intersect. Dubbing professionals offer a point of entry to understand localization dynamics by highlighting to role of cultural mediators whose decisions can reinforce or challenge cultural expectations of LGBT people.
Predicting outcome in acute myocardial infarction: an analysis investigating 175 circulating biomarkers
Authors: Eggers Kai M , Lindhagen Lars , Baron Tomasz , Erlinge David , Hjort Marcus , Jernberg Tomas , Marko-Varga György , Rezeli Melinda , Spaak Jonas , Lindahl Bertil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
There is a paucity of studies comprehensively comparing the prognostic value of larger arrays of biomarkers indicative of different pathobiological axes in acute myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods and results
In this explorative investigation, we simultaneously analysed 175 circulating biomarkers reflecting different inflammatory traits, coagulation activity, endothelial dysfunction, atherogenesis, myocardial dysfunction and damage, apoptosis, kidney function, glucose-, and lipid metabolism. Measurements were performed in samples from 1099 MI patients (SWEDEHEART registry) applying two newer multimarker panels [Proximity Extension Assay (Olink Bioscience), Multiple Reaction Monitoring mass spectrometry]. The prognostic value of biomarkers regarding all-cause mortality, recurrent MI, and heart failure hospitalizations (median follow-up ≤6.6 years) was studied using Lasso analysis, a penalized logistic regression model that considers all biomarkers simultaneously while minimizing the risk for spurious findings. Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), ovarian cancer-related tumour marker CA 125 (CA-125), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) consistently predicted all-cause mortality in crude and age/sex-adjusted analyses. Growth-differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) was strongly predictive in the crude model. TRAIL-R2 and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) consistently predicted heart failure hospitalizations. No biomarker predicted recurrent MI. The prognostic value of all biomarkers was abrogated following additional adjustment for clinical variables owing to our rigorous statistical approach.

Conclusion
Apart from biomarkers with established prognostic value (i.e. BNP and to some extent GDF-15), several ‘novel’ biomarkers (i.e. TRAIL-R2, CA-125, FGF-23) emerged as risk predictors in patients with MI. Our data warrant further investigation regarding the utility of these biomarkers for clinical decision-making in acute MI.
Applications of artificial intelligence/machine learning approaches in cardiovascular medicine: a systematic review with recommendations
Authors: Friedrich Sarah , Groß Stefan , König Inke R , Engelhardt Sandy , Bahls Martin , Heinz Judith , Huber Cynthia , Kaderali Lars , Kelm Marcus , Leha Andreas , Rühl Jasmin , Schaller Jens , Scherer Clemens , Vollmer Marcus , Seidler Tim , Friede Tim 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) promise vast advances in medicine. The current state of AI/ML applications in cardiovascular medicine is largely unknown. This systematic review aims to close this gap and provides recommendations for future applications.

Methods and results
Pubmed and EMBASE were searched for applied publications using AI/ML approaches in cardiovascular medicine without limitations regarding study design or study population. The PRISMA statement was followed in this review. A total of 215 studies were identified and included in the final analysis. The majority (87%) of methods applied belong to the context of supervised learning. Within this group, tree-based methods were most commonly used, followed by network and regression analyses as well as boosting approaches. Concerning the areas of application, the most common disease context was coronary artery disease followed by heart failure and heart rhythm disorders. Often, different input types such as electronic health records and images were combined in one AI/ML application. Only a minority of publications investigated reproducibility and generalizability or provided a clinical trial registration.

Conclusions
A major finding is that methodology may overlap even with similar data. Since we observed marked variation in quality, reporting of the evaluation and transparency of data and methods urgently need to be improved.
Multiarterial coronary grafting using the radial artery as a second arterial graft: how far does the survival benefit extend?
Authors: Qureshi Saqib H , Boulemden Anas , Darwin Oliver , Shanmuganathan Selvaraj , Szafranek Adam , Naik Surendra 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Despite the 10-year results of the Arterial Revascularization Trial, the controversy regarding the survival benefit of multiarterial grafting (MAG) remains. Our goal was to present our long-term survival data in this propensity-matched observational study.

METHODS
A primary unmatched population of 4303 patients with first-time isolated coronary artery bypass grafts operated on between 2000 and 2018 were included. A total of 1187 post-matched patients were compared with matched controls. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard analyses were undertaken to assess the contribution of MAG and other covariates to the long-term survival of unmatched and propensity-matched populations.

RESULTS
MAG was associated with increased median survival in both the unmatched and the matched groups; difference: 962 and 1459 days, log-rank tests; P = 0.029 and 0.0004, respectively. MAG was associated with a reduced hazard of death in the unmatched as well as in the matched groups: hazard ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.72 (0.62–0.83); P &lt; 0.0001 and 0.75 (0.64–0.88); P ≤ 0.0001, respectively. In the matched group, the prosurvival factors were low logistic EuroSCORE, obesity, no intra-aortic balloon pump, an ejection fraction &gt;30%, age 50–69 years, operation by an experienced surgeon, with and without diabetes, on-pump surgery and 3 distal anastomoses. In a cohort of 242 late-presenting patients with reinfarction or recurrent angina, both MAG and control populations were associated with reduced median survival; median (95% CI): MAG: 3026 (1138–3503); control: 3035 (2134–3991), log-rank P = 0.217 with superior patency of the left internal mammary artery but no difference between radial artery and saphenous vein grafts.

CONCLUSIONS
Multiarterial revascularization, especially using the radial artery as a second arterial conduit, is associated with a significant survival benefit and a lack of in-hospital morbidity.
Feasibility of sleep extension and its effect on cardiometabolic parameters in free-living settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies
Authors: Zhu Bingqian , Yin You , Shi Changgui , Chaiard Jindarat , Park Chang G , Chen Xiangfang , Izci-Balserak Bilgay 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
Inadequate sleep is a global health issue and has been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. As a part of sleep hygiene, intentional lengthening of night-time sleep duration (i.e. sleep extension) might be a behavioural intervention to improve cardiometabolic health. To examine the feasibility of sleep extension and its effects on cardiometabolic parameters in free-living settings.

Methods and results
This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019146174). Five databases were searched. Only experimental studies conducted in adults without a diagnosis of sleep disorder were included. The pooled mean difference was calculated by the inverse variance method. Narrative summaries were also used. Thirteen studies from 11 trials were included. The intervention ranged from 3 days to 6 weeks. Sleep extension increased total sleep time by 51 min [95% confidence interval (CI) 39–63]. Overall, sleep extension did not result in significant changes in blood pressure. However, sub-group analysis revealed that when 24 h mean blood pressure was obtained among those with pre-hypertension or Stage 1 hypertension, sleep extension reduced systolic (weighted mean difference = −7.8 mm/Hg; 95% CI −10.6 to −4.9), and diastolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference = −4.2 mm/Hg; 95% CI −6.7 to −1.8). The pooled effects on fasting glucose and insulin resistance were not significant. The effect of sleep extension on other parameters (e.g. heart rate) was not consistent.

Conclusion
Sleep extension is feasible and could increase sleep in free-living settings. Sleep extension shows promise for reducing 24 h mean blood pressure among those with pre-hypertension or hypertension. More large-scale studies are needed to examine its long-term effects.
Occupational class and employment sector differences in common mental disorders: a longitudinal Swedish cohort study
Authors: Björkenstam Emma , Helgesson Magnus , Gustafsson Klas , Virtanen Marianna , Hanson Linda L M , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Recent increases in common mental disorders (CMDs) among young adults are of great concern although studies of CMDs in young employees are sparse. This study investigated the independent and interacting effects of sector of employment, occupational class and CMDs. Additionally, associations between type of employment branch and CMDs within each sector were examined.

Methods
This population-based longitudinal cohort study included 665 138 employees, 19–29 years, residing in Sweden in 2009. Employment sector (i.e. private/public) and occupational class (non-manual/manual workers) were measured in 2009. Risk estimates of CMDs, measured as new prescription of antidepressants and/or psychiatric care with a diagnosis of CMDs, between 2010 and 2016, were calculated as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using Cox multivariable regression analysis.

Results
Public sector employees (whereof 60% manual workers) had an elevated risk for CMDs compared to private sector employees [adjusted HR: 1.14 (95% CI 1.12–1.16)]. Within each sector, manual workers were at increased risk of CMDs compared to non-manual workers. There was an interaction between sector of employment and occupational class; manual workers in the public sector had the highest CMD risk [adjusted synergy index: 1.51 (95% CI 1.29–1.76)]. The most elevated risk for CMDs was observed in those employed in health and social services and the lowest risk among construction workers.

Conclusion
Sector of employment and occupational class play a role in CMDs in young employees. These findings should be taken into account in the attempts to reduce CMDs in the young working population.