bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of tracers for two-color laser-induced fluorescence thermometry of liquid-phase temperature in ethanol, 2–ethylhexanoic-acid/ethanol mixtures, 1-butanol, and o-xylene
Authors: Prenting Markus Michael , Shilikhin Maksim , Dreier Thomas , Schulz Christof , Endres Torsten 
Published: April 2021

The fluorescence spectra of dye solutions change their spectral signature with temperature. This effect is frequently used for temperature imaging in liquids and sprays based on two-color laser-induced fluorescence (2cLIF) measurements by simultaneously detecting the fluorescence intensity in two separate wavelength channels resulting in a temperature-sensitive ratio. In this work, we recorded temperature-dependent absorption and fluorescence spectra of solutions of five laser dyes (coumarin 152, coumarin 153, rhodamine B, pyrromethene 597, and DCM) dissolved in ethanol, a 35/65 vol.% mixture of ethanol/2-ethylhexanoic acid, ethanol/hexamethylsiloxane, o-xylene, and 1-butanol to investigate their potential as temperature tracers in evaporating and burning sprays. The dissolved tracers were excited at either 266, 355, and 532 nm (depending on the tracer) for temperatures between 296 and 393 K (depending on the solvent) and for concentrations ranging between 0.1 and 10 mg/l. Absorption and fluorescence spectra of the tracers were investigated for their temperature dependence, the magnitude of signal re-absorption, the impact of different solvents, and varying two-component solvent compositions. Based on the measured fluorescence spectra, the tracers were analyzed for their 2cLIF temperature sensitivity in the respective solvents. Coumarin 152 showed for single-component solvents the overall best spectroscopic properties for our specific measurement situation related to temperature imaging measurements in spray-flame synthesis of nanoparticles as demonstrated previously in ethanol spray flames [Exp. Fluids 61, 77 (2020)10.1007/s00348-020-2909-9].
Tumor microenvironment characterization in cervical cancer identifies prognostic relevant gene signatures
Authors: Peng Linyu , Hayatullah Gati , Zhou Haiyan , Chang Shuzhen , Liu Liya , Qiu Haifeng , Duan Xiaoran , Han Liping 
Published: April 2021

Objective
The aim of this study is to systematically analyze the transcriptional sequencing data of cervical cancer (CC) to find an Tumor microenvironment (TME) prognostic marker to predict the survival of CC patients.

Methods
The expression profiles and clinical follow-up information of CC were downloaded from the TCGA and GEO. The RNA-seq data of TCGA-CESC samples were used for CIBERSORT analysis to evaluate the penetration pattern of TME in 285 patients, and construct TMEscore. Other data sets were used to validate and evaluate TMEscore model. Further, survival analysis of TMEscore related DEGs was done to select prognosis genes. Functional enrichment and PPI networks analysis were performed on prognosis genes.

Results
The TMEscore model has relatively good results in TCGA-CESC (HR = 2.47,95% CI = 1.49–4.11), TCGA-CESC HPV infection samples (HR = 2.13,95% CI = 1–4.51), GSE52903 (HR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.06–6.6), GSE44001 (HR = 2.1, 95% CI = 0.99–4.43). Patients with high/low TMEscore have significant difference in prognosis (log-rank test, P = 0.00025), and the main difference between high TMEscore subtypes and low TMEscore subtypes is immune function-related pathways. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival curves found out a list of identified prognosis genes (n = 86) which interestingly show significant enrichment in immune-related functions. Finally, PPI network analysis shows that highly related nodes such as CD3D, CD3E, CD8A, CD27 in the module may become new targets of CC immunotherapy.

Conclusions
TMEscore may become a new prognostic indicator predicting the survival of CC patients. The prognostic genes (n = 86) may help provide new strategies for tumor immunotherapy.
Single-energy versus dual-energy imaging during CT-guided biopsy using dedicated metal artifact reduction algorithm in an in vivo pig model
Authors: Do Thuy Duong , Heim Julia , Skornitzke Stephan , Melzig Claudius , Vollherbst Dominik F. , Faerber Michael , Pereira Philippe L. , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Sommer Christof Matthias 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
To evaluate dual-energy CT (DE) and dedicated metal artifact reduction algorithms (iMAR) during CT-guided biopsy in comparison to single-energy CT (SE).

Methods
A trocar was placed in the liver of six pigs. CT acquisitions were performed with SE and dose equivalent DE at four dose levels(1.7–13.5mGy). Iterative reconstructions were performed with and without iMAR. ROIs were placed in four positions e.g. at the trocar tip(TROCAR) and liver parenchyma adjacent to the trocar tip(LIVER-1) by two independent observers for quantitative analysis using CT numbers, noise, SNR and CNR. Qualitative image analysis was performed regarding overall image quality and artifacts generated by iMAR.

Results
There were no significant differences in CT numbers between DE and SE at TROCAR and LIVER-1 irrespective of iMAR. iMAR significantly reduced metal artifacts at LIVER-1 for all exposure settings for DE and SE(p = 0.02-0.04), but not at TROCAR. SNR, CNR and noise were comparable for DE and SE. SNR was best for high dose levels of 6.7/13.5mGy. Mean difference in the Blant-Altman analysis was -8.43 to 0.36. Cohen’s kappa for qualitative interreader-agreement was 0.901.

Conclusions
iMAR independently reduced metal artifacts more effectively and efficiently than CT acquisition in DE at any dose setting and its application is feasible during CT-guided liver biopsy.
Identification of a novel non-invasive biological marker to overcome the shortcomings of PSA in diagnosis and risk stratification for prostate cancer: Initial prospective study of developmental endothelial locus-1 protein
Authors: Chung Jae-Wook , Kim Hyun Tae , Ha Yun-Sok , Lee Eun Hye , Chun So Young , Lee Chan-Hyeong , Byeon Kyeong Hyeon , Choi Seock Hwan , Lee Jun Nyung , Kim Bum Soo , Kim Tae-Hwan , Yoo Eun Sang , Yoon Ghil Suk , Baek Moon-Chang , Kwon Tae Gyun 
Published: April 2021

Objective
This prospective study sought to clarify the developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) protein as values of diagnosis and risk stratification of prostate cancer (PCa).

Design
From February 2017 to December 2019, a total 458 patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy or surgery of benign prostatic hyperplasia agreed to research of Del-1 protein. We prospectively compared and analyzed the Del-1 protein and prostate specific antigen (PSA) in relation to the patients’ demographic and clinicopathological characteristics.

Results
Mean age was 68.86±8.55 years. Mean PSA and Del-1 protein was 21.72±89.37, 0.099±0.145, respectively. Two hundred seventy-six (60.3%) patients were diagnosed as PCa. Among them, 181 patients underwent radical prostatectomy (RP). There were significant differences in Del-1 protein between benign and PCa group (0.066±0.131 vs 0.121±0.149, respectively, p<0.001). When we set the cut-off value of del-1 protein as 0.120, in patients with 3≤PSA≤8, positive predictive value and specificity of Del-1 protein (≥0.120) for predicting PCa were 88.9% (56/63) and 93.5% (101/108), respectively. Among 181 patients who underwent RP, there were significant differences in Del-1 protein according to stage (pT2 vs pT3a vs ≥pT3b) (0.113±0.078, 0.171±0.121, 0.227±0.161, respectively, p<0.001) and to Gleason score (6 (3+3) or 7 (3+4) vs 7 (4+3) or 8 (4+4) vs 9 or 10) (0.134±0.103, 0.150±0.109, 0.212±0.178, respectively, P = 0.044). Multivariate analysis showed that PSA, Del-1 protein and high Gleason score (≥9) were the independent prognostic factors for predicting higher pT stage (≥3b). Furthermore, age, PSA and Del-1 protein were independent prognostic factors for predicting significant PCa.

Conclusion
Patients with PCa showed higher expression of Del-1 protein than benign patients. Del-1 protein increased with the stage and Gleason score of PCa. Collaboration with PSA, Del-1 protein can be a non-invasive useful marker for diagnosis and risk stratification of PCa.
Abnormal serum chloride is associated with increased mortality among unselected cardiac intensive care unit patients
Authors: Breen Thomas J. , Brueske Benjamin , Sidhu Mandeep S. , Kashani Kianoush B. , Anavekar Nandan S. , Barsness Gregory W. , Jentzer Jacob C. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
We sought to describe the association between serum chloride levels and mortality among unselected cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) patients.

Materials and methods
We retrospectively reviewed adult patients admitted to our CICU from 2007 to 2015. The association of dyschloremia and hospital mortality was assessed in a multiple variable model including additional confounders, and the association of dyschloremia and post-discharge mortality were assessed using Cox proportional-hazards analysis.

Results
9,426 patients with a mean age of 67±15 years (37% females) were included. Admission hypochloremia was present in 1,384 (15%) patients, and hyperchloremia was present in 1,606 (17%) patients. There was a U-shaped relationship between admission chloride and unadjusted hospital mortality, with increased hospital mortality among patients with hypochloremia (unadjusted OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.5–3.6, p<0.001) or hyperchloremia (unadjusted OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6–2.3, p<0.001). After multivariate adjustment, hypochloremia remained associated with higher hospital mortality (adjusted OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.6–2.9, p <0.001). Post-discharge mortality among hospital survivors was higher among patients with admission hypochloremia (adjusted HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.6; p<0.001).

Conclusion
Abnormal serum chloride on admission to the CICU is associated with increased short- and long-term mortality, with hypochloremia being a strong independent predictor.
Self-collected and clinician-collected anal swabs show modest agreement for HPV genotyping
Authors: Dube Mandishora Racheal S. , Rounge Trine B. , Fitzpatrick Megan , Christiansen Irene Kraus , Ambur Ole Herman , Lagström Sonja , Stray-Pedersen Babill , Tommasino Massimo , Palefsky Joel , Chirenje Zvavahera M. 
Published: April 2021

Background & aimWomen with HIV/HPV coinfection and cervical lesions are at increased risk of developing HPV related anal cancer. Self-collection of anal swabs may facilitate HPV molecular testing in anal cancer screening, especially in high-risk groups, and yet it is not adequately studied. We evaluated level of agreement between self-collected anal swabs (SCAS) and clinician-collected anal swabs (CCAS) when used for HPV genotyping. We also described the anal HPV genotype distribution and HIV/HPV coinfection.MethodsWe performed a cross sectional study with participants from a visual-inspection-with-acetic-acid and cervicography (VIAC) clinic, in Harare, Zimbabwe. In a clinic setting, the women aged ≥18 years provided anal swabs in duplicate; first CCAS and then SCAS immediately after. HPV detection and genotyping were performed using next generation amplicon sequencing of a 450bp region of the HPV L1 gene. Level of agreement of HPV genotypes between CCAS and SCAS was calculated using the kappa statistic. McNemar tests were used to evaluate agreement in the proportion of genotypes detected by either method.ResultsThree-hundred women provided 600 samples for HPV genotyping. HPV genotypes were detected in 25% of SCAS and in 22% of CCAS. The most common genotypes with CCAS were HPV52, HPV62 and HPV70 and with SCAS were HPV62, HPV44, HPV52, HPV53 and HPV68. Total HPV genotypes detected in CCAS were more than those detected in SCAS, 32 versus 27. The agreement of HPV genotypes between the two methods was 0.55 in kappa value (k). The test of proportions using McNemar gave a Chi-square value of 0.75 (p = 0.39). Multiple HPV infections were detected in 28/75 and 29/67 women for CCAS and SCAS respectively.ConclusionsSCAS and CCAS anal swabs showed moderate agreement, with no statistically significant difference in the proportion of genotypes detected by either methods. Although the differences between the two methods were not statistically significant, CCAS detected more HPV genotypes than SCAS and more HPV infections were detected in SCAS than in CCAS. Our data suggest that self-collected anal swabs can be used as an alternative to clinician-collected anal swabs for HPV genotyping.
Assessment of recipients’ characteristics, transfusion appropriateness, and utilization pattern of blood and blood products in Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
Authors: Feyisa Tufa , Tesfaye Kiya Girum , Maleko Wondimagegn Adissu 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundAs blood transfusion remains life-saving and is being frequently prescribed, a greater number of its practice is unnecessary or inappropriate. This important clinical intervention is reported as one of the five overused medical treatments, with gross over-ordering and whole blood transfusions as the sole component being common in developing countries. Study of recipient’s demographics, clinical conditions, appropriate blood utilization, and continuous clinical audits for quality assurance and service improvement plan are important factors to this practice. This study was designed to assess the recipient’s characteristics, blood type distributions, appropriateness of blood transfusion, and utilization practice of the big medical center.MethodsInstitution based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1 to June 30, 2018. Data were collected using a structured data collection format prepared for this study. All transfusion prescriptions were followed from requisition up to completion. Patient’s age, sex, requesting departments, hemodynamics, number and component of units requested and issued, and units transfused were collected. Transfusion appropriateness was assessed by a criterion-based method while blood utilization was calculated.ResultsA total of 545 units of blood for 425 patients were cross-matched of the 809 units of total blood prescribed. The mean and median age of transfused individuals was found to be 27.47 ±15.28 years and 26 years respectively, and 65.4% females most in reproductive age groups. O and A Rhesus-positive blood types were the two major blood groups observed. Overall 82.1% of transfusions were appropriate; while only 27.8% of patients received appropriate components as 96.5% of individuals received a whole blood transfusion. Significant blood utilization was recorded with a C/T ratio of 1.05, TP% of 100%, and TI of 1.23.ConclusionMuch of the transfusion recipients were relatively young aged and females, most in the reproductive age group. Although whole blood was used as a sole component, significant blood transfusion utilization and appropriateness were recorded; while appropriate component transfusion was recorded to be significantly low. Local transfusion guidelines and appropriate component preparation and utilization are required to improve the sub-optimal blood component transfusion practice.
Trends and predictors of in-hospital mortality among babies with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ezenwa Beatrice Nkolika , Olorunfemi Gbenga , Fajolu Iretiola , Adeniyi Toyin , Oleolo-Ayodeji Khadijah , Kene-Udemezue Blessing , Olamijulo Joseph A. , Ezeaka Chinyere 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundGlobally, approximately 9 million neonates develop perinatal asphyxia annually of which about 1.2 million die. Majority of the morbidity and mortality occur in Low and middle-income countries. However, little is known about the current trend in incidence, and the factors affecting mortality from hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), in Nigeria.ObjectiveWe assessed the trends in incidence and fatality rates and evaluated the predictors of mortality among babies admitted with HIE over five years at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital.MethodsA temporal trend analysis and retrospective cohort study of HIE affected babies admitted to the neonatal unit of a Nigerian Teaching Hospital was conducted. The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the babies and their mothers were extracted from the neonatal unit records. Kaplan-Meir plots and Multivariable Cox proportional hazard ratio was used to evaluate the survival experienced using Stata version 16 (StataCorp USA) statistical software.ResultsThe median age of the newborns at admission was 26.5 (10–53.5) hours and the male to female ratio was 2.1:1. About one-fifth (20.8%) and nearly half (47.8%) were admitted within 6 hours and 24 hours of life respectively, while majority (84%) of the infants were out-born. The prevalence and fatality rate of HIE in our study was 7.1% and 25.3% respectively. The annual incidence of HIE among the hospital admissions declined by 1.4% per annum while the annual fatality rate increased by 10.3% per annum from 2015 to 2019. About 15.7% died within 24 hours of admission. The hazard of death was related to the severity of HIE (p = 0.001), antenatal booking status of the mother (p = 0.01) and place of delivery (p = 0.03).ConclusionThe case fatality rate of HIE is high and increasing at our centre and mainly driven by the pattern of admission of HIE cases among outborn babies. Thus, community level interventions including skilled birth attendants at delivery, newborn resuscitation trainings for healthcare personnel and capacity building for specialized care should be intensified to reduce the burden of HIE.
Risk factors associated to neural tube defects among mothers who gave birth in North Shoa Zone Hospitals, Amhara Region, Ethiopia 2020: Case control study
Authors: Gashaw Aynalem , Shine Sisay , Yimer Osman , Wodaje Melat 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
Neural tube defects affect the brain and the spinal cord of the developing embryo. The defects occur due to incomplete or failure of closure of the neural tube. The condition eventually causes death and lifelong disability. Worldwide, more than 300,000 babies are born with neural tube defects each year. The highest burden is in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, this study aims to identify the risk factors associated with neural tube defects among mothers who gave birth in North Shoa Zone Hospitals.

Methods
A hospital based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 243 (81 cases and 162 controls) study participants in North Shoa Zone Hospitals. The hospitals were selected using simple random sampling and all cases and randomly selected controls in the selected hospitals were included in the study. The data were collected by using pre-tested structured questionnaire.

Results
Different factors were identified to have association with neural tube defect. Family annual cash income less than 24000ETB (AOR: 3.73, 95%CI: 1.35, 10.26), history of still birth (AOR: 3.63, 95%CI: 1.03, 12.2), history of abortion (AOR: 6.15, 95%CI: 2.63, 18.56), preconception tea use (AOR: 2.36, 95%CI: 1.15, 4.86) and pesticides/chemical exposure (AOR: 5.34, 95%CI: 1.77, 16.05) were positively associated factors. In contrast, preconception care (AOR: 0.14, 95%CI: 0.05, 0.39) and taking iron/folic acid/multivitamin during the current pregnancy (AOR: 0.16, 95%CI: 0.07, 0.33) showed a protective effect.

Conclusion
Family annual income less than 24000ETB, history of still birth, history of abortion, preconception tea uses and pesticides/chemical exposure were associated factors of neural tube defects. Preconception counseling and screening should be recommended for women who plan for pregnancy.
Fantasmas de lo escolar. ¿A quién vas a llamar?
Authors: Narodowski Mariano 
Published: April 2021

El artículo propone una serie de conceptos teóricos que permiten comprender el pasado y el futuro de las instituciones escolares a partir de una recuperación de la subsistencia de las ideas de J. A. Comenius en el campo de lo escolar, proyectando las líneas más importantes que desembocan en la crisis actual, utilizando un enfoque que combina estudios previos de autores posestructuralistas y aceleracionistas.
En la primera parte, se presenta un diagnóstico que muestra cómo la vieja tecnología escolar resiste la aceleración de las nuevas tecnologías de trasmisión y apropiación de saberes (digital e inteligencia artificial) generando un efecto de nostalgia que tiende a paralizarla y a obturar toda posibilidad de conciliarla con proyectas futuros. A la vez, el estudio pone de manifiesto la nociva recurrencia por parte de la pedagogía a la recuperación de mandatos y consignas que se muestran impotentes frente al desacople tecnológico entre los dispositivos escolares surgidos en el siglo XVII y los que operan en el siglo XXI.
En la segunda parte, el estudio encuentra lo productivo que puede llegar a ser un ejercicio fantasmagórico que propicie una negociación entre lo viejo y lo nuevo, con la condición de no resignar el ideal pansófico comeniano (todo el saber humano para todos los seres humanos) que originalmente dio sentido a lo escolar como medio para alcanzar ese fin, sino más bien liberándolo de la sujeción a un único formato educativo y, por tanto, proponiendo un horizonte progresista y realizable frente a la crisis actual.
A Novel Approach Based Multi Biometric Finger Vein Template Recognition System using HGF
Authors: Dev Rahul , Tripathi Rohit , Khanam Ruqaiya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFinger vein(s) based biometrics is another way to deal with individual's distinguishing proof and has recently received much consideration. The strategy in light of low-level components, like the dark surface of finger vein is taken as standard. However, it is typically looked with numerous difficulties that involves affectability to noise and low neighbourhood consistency. Generally finger vein recognition in view of abnormal state highlights the portrayal that has ended up being a promising method to successfully defeat the above restrictions and enhance the framework execution. This research work proposes finger vein-based recognition technique making use of Hybrid BM3D Filter along with grouped sparse representation for image denoising and feature selection (Local Binary Pattern – LBP, Scale Invariant Feature Transform – SIFT) to evaluate features, key-points and perform recognition. The experimental results on two open databases of finger vein,i.e., HKPU and SDU show that the proposed method has enhanced the overall performance of finger vein pattern recognition system compared with other existing methods.
Refining pulp for tensile strength
Authors: Kerekes R. J. , Heymer J. O. , McDonald J. D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIncreased tensile strength of paper is a primary objective of low consistency refining. Although refining is typically controlled by Specific Refining Energy and Specific Edge Load, these parameters are not independent because both depend directly on power. To overcome this shortcoming, we derived simplified expressions for the number and intensity of impacts on pulp. The number of impacts reflects the capacity of the refiner to impose loading cycles on pulp. The intensity, combined with a response parameter, reflects the probability of a successful refining event at each impact. Based on these parameters, we employed an equation based on cumulative probability to predict tensile strength of pulp after refining.Non-linear fits of this equation to data from the literature for a wide range of pulps refined by various refiners gave response parameters that were remarkably similar ranging from1.6–3.3×10−61.6\text{--}3.3\times {10^{-6}} kg/J. The resulting probability of successful refining events at each impact was found to be quite small, about 1–3 %. We postulated that this is likely due to most force being imposed at fibre crossings in the pulp network. Consequently, multiple cycles are required to expose other parts of fibres and new fibres to loadings. In summary, this new approach to characterizing refining reflects the stochastic nature of the process and enables a direct quantitative link between refiner operation and fibre development.