bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of AFP On Surgical Outcomes in Non-B Non-C Patients With Curative Resection For Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Tan Xiao-ping , Zeng Qing-li , Zhou Kai , Chen Wei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective: To study the clinical and prognostic features of non-B non-C alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (-)-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (NBNC-AFP(-)-HCC), and the relationship between the prognostic features of HCC and hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) status and AFP. Methods: We enrolled 227 patients underwent hepatic resection for HCC between January 1998 and December 2007 in Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, all of them were diagnosed with HCC by pathology. All patients were stratified into one of four groups (B-AFP(+)-HCC, B-AFP(-)-HCC, NBNC-AFP(+)-HCC, and NBNC-AFP(-)-HCC) according to AFP levels and HBsAg status. The clinicopathologic and survival characteristics of NBNC-AFP(-)-HCC patients were compared with all other three groups. Results: Out of the 105 NBNC-HCC patients, 43 patients (40.9%) were AFP-negative HCC. There were some differences in factors between the B-AFP(+) and NBNC-AFP(-) patients, such as age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and ALT (P<0.05). On univariate analysis, tumor size, secondary tumor, and portal invasion were prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P<0.05). Cox multivariate regression analysis suggested that tumor size and tumor number (P<0.05) were independent predictors. In addition, compared with that in the B-AFP(+)-HCC, B-AFP(-)-HCC, and NBNC-AFP(+)-HCC groups, the NBNC-AFP(-)-HCC patients had the best DFS (P<0.05). Compared with that in the B-AFP(+)-HCC and NBNC-AFP(+)-HCC groups, the NBNC-AFP(-)-HCC patients had better OS(P<0.05), and survival rates were similar to those of B-AFP(-)-HCC patients. Conclusion: NBNC-AFP(-)-HCC patients had a relatively favorable prognosis. It can serve as a useful marker in predicting the risk of tumor recurrence in the early stages.
A Bayesian Hierarchical Spatio-Temporal Model for Extreme Temperatures in Extremadura (Spain) Simulated by a Regional Climate Model
Authors: Garcia Jose Agustin , Acero Francisco Javier , Portero Javier 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A statistical study was made of the temporal trend in extreme temperatures in the region of Extremadura (Spain) during the period 1981-2015 using a Regional Climate Model. For this purpose, a dataset of extreme temperature was obtained from the Weather Research and Forecating (WRF) Regional Climate Model. This dataset was then subjected to a statistical study using a Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal model with a Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) parametrization of the extreme data. The Bayesian model was implemented in a Markov chain Monte Carlo framework that allows the posterior distribution of the parameters that intervene in the model to be estimated. The role of the altitude dependence of the temperature was considered in the proposed model. The results for the spatial-trend parameter lend confidence to the model since they are consistent with the dry adiabatic gradient. Furthermore, the statistical model showed a slight negative trend for the location parameter. This unexpected result may be due to the internal and modeling uncertainties in the WRF model. The shape parameter was negative, meaning that there is an upper bound for extreme temperatures in the model.
Microbiological Profile, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Outcome Among Patients Admitted to Addis Ababa Intensive Care Units; a Cross-sectional Study.
Authors: Gebremedhin Yemane , Sultan Menbeu , Tesfaye Dagmawi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: ICU infections are major health care problems affecting millions globally each year. ICU mortality of infectious patients is increasing and as high as 14.31% to 45.4%. The objective of this study was to determine microbiological culture profile, their antimicrobial susceptibility and treatment outcome of patients admitted to intensive care units.Methods and materials: An institutional based cross sectional study was conducted in all patients with microbiological culture and susceptibility results after admission to intensive care units from January 2019 to December 2019. A modified, pretested questionnaire was used to collect data and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Correlation and regression analysis was done for association. P value of <0.05 with CI of 95% was taken as clinically significant.Results: A total of 106 patients with 173 culture results were analyzed. Majority 68(64.2%) were males and the mean age of the patients were 35.08 ± 1.6 years. The most common source of infection was the pulmonary system 84(54.5%) followed by urinary tract infection 26(16.9%). Forty-four (25.43%) of cultures had growth. Gram negative microorganisms were identified in 35(68.63%) of isolates and Acinetobacter species accounts for 10(28.57%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia and E. coli 7(13.725%) each. Generally, higher resistance was observed with cephalosporins and penicillins, whereas sensitivity to carbapenems, PIP/TAZ, and amikacin was satisfactory. The mortality associated with intensive care infections was found to be 32.1%.Conclusion: This study revealed that the mortality rate associated with ICU infection was 32.1%. Early identification, targeted provision of antimicrobials based on microbiological culture and susceptibility result has to be implemented to have better outcome. Designs of future multicenter and large studies are crucial to improve outcome of critically ill patients.
The Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Type 30 (HPV30) Lineages Among Women With Normal Cervical Cytology in China
Authors: LI Ying , Guo Yifan , Wang Zhan , Wang Hui , Wang Jiao , Zhang Li , Li Jiaosheng , Liu Hongtu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus type 30 (HPV30) is involved in cervical diseases. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive women, the prevalence HPV30 is almost the same as HPV16. However, HPV30 has seldom been investigated. In order to better understand the prevalence and intratype lineage distribution of HPV30 in China, HPV30 infection among women with normal cytology was investigated.Methods: Prevalence of HPV30 was investigated by the screening of type specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR); intratype lineage distribution was performed by the phylogenetic analysis of the L2 DNA sequences of HPV30 isolates; the diversity of genetic variants of HPV30 isolates was also evaluated. Results: (1) The infection rate of HPV30 was 0.56% (9/1600). (2) All the nine HPV30 isolates belonged to lineage A, none belonged to lineage B. (3) Compared with the HPV30 prototype reference, 87 variations including 79 substitutions, four insertions and four deletions were observed in this study. (4) Sample 4 contained a C base deletion of the E2 gene resulting in an amino acid sequence shift. (5) Sample had a truncated L2 protein.Conclusions: The infection rate of HPV30 is 0.56% in this study. All of the HPV30 isolates belongs to lineage A. Natural L2 and E2 defective isolates of HPV30 were found.
Downregulation of CDK5 Signaling In the Dorsal Striatum Alters Striatal Microcircuits and Perturbs Circadian Behavior in Mice
Authors: Zhou Hu , Zhang Jingxin , Shi Huaxiang , Li Pengfei , Sui Xin , Wang Yongan , Wang Liyun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dysfunction of striatal dopaminergic circuits has been implicated in motor impairment as well as in Parkinson’s disease (PD)-related circadian perturbations that may represent an early prodromal marker of PD. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) acts negatively on dopamine (DA) signaling in the striatum, suggesting a critical role in circadian and sleep disorders. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to produce dorsal striatum (DS)-specific knockdown (KD) of the Cdk5 gene in mice (referred to as DS-CDK5-KD mice) to investigate its role in vivo. DS-CDK5-KD mice exhibited deficits in locomotor activity and disturbances in daily rest/activity cycles. Additionally, Golgi staining of neurons in the DS revealed that Cdk5 deletion caused a reduction in dendrite length and functional synapses, which was confirmed by significant downregulation of MAP2, PSD95 and synapsin I. Correlated with this, DS-CDK5-KD mice displayed reduced phosphorylation of Tau at Thr181. Furthermore, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged neurons in the striatum of DS-CDK5-KD mice revealed a decrease in the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents and an alteration of the excitatory/inhibitory synaptic balance. Notably, anterograde labeling showed that CDK5 knockdown in the DS disrupted long-range projections to the secondary motor cortex, dorsal and ventral thalamic nuclei, and the basolateral amygdala, which are involved in the regulation of motor and circadian rhythms in the brain. These findings support a critical role of CDK5 in the DS in maintaining the striatal neural circuitry underlying motor and circadian rhythms related to PD.
An End-to-End Computer Vision Methodology for Quantitative Metallography
Authors: Rusanovsky Matan , Oren Gal , Beeri Ofer 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Metallography is crucial for a proper assessment of material's properties. It involves mainly the investigation of spatial distribution of grains and the occurrence and characteristics of inclusions or precipitates.This work presents an holistic artificial intelligence model for Anomaly Detection that automatically quantifies the degree of anomaly of impurities in alloys. We suggest the following examination process: (1) Deep semantic segmentation is performed on the inclusions (based on a suitable metallographic database of alloys and corresponding tags of inclusions), producing inclusions masks that are saved into a separated database. (2) Deep image inpainting is performed to fill the removed inclusions parts, resulting in 'clean' metallographic images, which contain the background of grains. (3) Grains' boundaries are marked using deep semantic segmentation (based on another metallographic database of alloys), producing boundaries that are ready for further inspection on the distribution of grains' size. (4) Deep anomaly detection and pattern recognition is performed on the inclusions masks to determine spatial, shape and area anomaly detection of the inclusions. Finally, the system recommends to an expert on areas of interests for further examination. The performance of the model is presented and analyzed based on few representative cases. Although the models presented here were developed for metallography analysis, most of them can be generalized to a wider set of problems in which anomaly detection of geometrical objects is desired. All models as well as the data-sets that were created for this work, are publicly available at https://github.com/MLography/MLography.
Visualizing Risky Behaviors Induces a Stronger Neural Response in Brain Areas Responsible for Mental Imagery and Emotions Than Visualizing Neutral Behaviors
Authors: Zaleskiewicz Tomasz , Traczyk Jakub , Sobkow Agata , Fulawka Kamil , Megías-Robles Alberto 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the present study, we used a neuroimaging technique (fMRI) to test the prediction that visualizing risky behaviors induces a stronger neural response in brain areas responsible for emotions and mental imagery than visualizing neutral behaviors. We identified several brain regions that were activated when participants produced mental images of risky versus neutral behaviors and these regions overlap with brain areas engaged in visual mental imagery, speech imagery and movement imagery. We also found that producing mental images of risky behaviors, in contrast to neutral behaviors, increased neural activation in the insula – a region engaged in emotional processing. This finding is in line with previous results demonstrating that the insula is recruited by tasks involving induction of emotional recall/imagery. Finally, we observed an increased BOLD signal in the cingulate gyrus (mid-cingulate area), which is associated with reward-based decision making and monitoring of decision outcomes. In summary, we demonstrated that mental images of risky behaviors, compared to risk-free behaviors, increased neural activation in brain areas engaged in mental imagery processes, emotional processing and decision making. These findings imply that the evaluation of everyday risky situations may originate in visualizing the potential consequences of risk taking and may be driven by emotional responses that result from mental imagery.
miRNA-331-3p Affects The Proliferation, Metastasis And Invasion of Osteosarcoma Through SOCS1/JAK2/STAT3
Authors: Zu Dan , Dong Qi , Chen Sunfang , Chen Yongde , Yao Jun , Zou Yubin , Lin Jiawei , Fang Bin , Wu Bing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are regulatory small noncoding RNAs, which play a key role in many cancers. It has been found that miR-331-3p is involved in the development and progression of various cancers, but there are few reports in osteosarcoma. Methods: The public GEO database was used to analyze the survival difference of miR-331-3p in OS organizations. The level of cell proliferation assay was assessed by CCK-8 and colony formation. Tanswell and Wound-healing detect the transfer and invasion ability of miR-331-3p in OS. TargetScan, miRDBmiR, TarBase, and dual luciferase reporter gene assays were used to determine SOCS1 as a targeted regulator. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of protein levels. A mouse model of subcutaneously transplantable tumors is used to evaluate the proliferation of OS in vivo.Results: The low expression of miR-331-3p is negatively correlated with the overall survival of OS patients. Overexpression of miR-331-3p significantly inhibited cell proliferation, metastasis and invasion. miR-331-3p affects the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma by targeting the SOCS1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.Conclusion: miR-331-3p reduces the expression of SOCS1 by combining with its 3'UTR, thereby activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway to regulate the progression of OS.
The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus Clarus Improve Physiological Tolerance to Drought Stress in Soybean Plants
Authors: Oliveira Thales Caetano , Cabral Juliana Silva Rodrigues , Santana Leticia Rezende , Tavares Germanna Gouveia , Santos Luan Dionísio Silva , Paim Tiago Prado , Müller Caroline , Silva Fabiano Guimarães , Costa Alan Carlos , Souchie Edson Luiz , Mendes Giselle Camargo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an economically important crop worldwide. However, increasingly long periods of drought have reduced the productivity of this crop. Studies have shown that inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provides a potential alternative strategy for mitigating drought. In the present study, we measured the physiological and morphological performance of two soybean cultivars under drought in symbiosis with Rhizophagus clarus. Soybean plants Anta82 and Desafio, were grown in pots previously inoculated with R. clarus. Water deficit (WD) was imposed at the V3 development stage and maintained for 7 days. A control group was performed in parallel with well-irrigated plants in the absence of R. clarus in a greenhouse. Three and seven days after the WD imposition the analysis were performed. Cultivar Anta82 showed a higher percentage of colonization, N and K leaf content, whereas Desafio, showed higher water potential, water-use efficiency under WD, and thermal dissipation that allowed higher values for Fv/Fm, A, and PH under WD+AMF. The Principal Components Analysis results were able to demonstrate that both cultivars in water deficit with AMF colonization clustered together with well-watered plants. These findings suggest that AMF had an effect on plants in order to reduce drought physiological impairment.
Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 Performance in Austrian COVID-19 Patients with and Without Diabetes
Authors: Aziz Faisal , Reisinger Alexander Christian , Aberer Felix , Sourij Caren , Tripolt Norbert , Siller-Matula Jolanta M , von-Lewinski Dirk , Eller Philipp , Kaser Susanne , Sourij Harald ,   COVID-19 in Diabetes in Austria Study Group
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background: TheSimplified Acute Physiology Score 3 (SAPS 3) is routinely used in intensive care units (ICUs) to predict in-hospital mortality. However, its predictive performance has not been widely evaluated in Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients.This studyevaluated and comparedthe performance of SAPS 3for predicting in-hospital mortalityinCOVID-19patients with and without diabetesin Austria.Methods: This study analyzed the Austrian national public health institute (GÖG) data ofCOVID-19patients admitted to ICUs (N=5,850)fromMarch 2020 to March 2021.The SAPS 3 score was calculated and the predicted in-hospital mortality was estimatedusingthreelogit regression equations: standard equation, Central European equation, and Austrian equation recalibrated for COVID-19 patients. Concordance between observed and predicted mortalities was assessed using the standardized mortality ratio (SMR). Discrimination was assessed using the C-statistic. The DeLong test was applied to compare discrimination between diabetes and non-diabetes patients. Accuracy was assessed using the Brier score andcalibration using the calibration plot and Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Results: Theobservedin-hospital mortality was 38.9% in all patients, 42.9% in diabetes, and 37.3% innon-diabetes patients. Themean ±SD SAPS 3 score was 57.4 ±13.2 in all patients,58.8 ±12.9 in diabetes, and 56.8 ±13.2 in non-diabetes patients.The SMR was significantly greater than 1 for standard and Central European equations, while it was close to 1 for the Austrian equation in all, diabetes, and non-diabetes patients. TheC-statistics was 0.69 with aninsignificant (P=0.193) difference between diabetes (0.70)and non-diabetes (0.68)patients. The Brier score was >0.20 for all SAPS 3 equations. Calibration was unsatisfactory for both standard and Central European equations in all cohorts, whereas it was satisfactory for the Austrian equation in diabetes patients.Conclusions:The SAPS 3 score demonstratedlow discrimination and accuracy in COVID-19 patients in Austria with aninsignificant difference between diabetes and non-diabetes patients. All three equations of SAPS 3 were miscalibrated particularly in non-diabetes patients, while the Austrian equation demonstrated satisfactory calibration in diabetes patients. These findingssuggest that both uncalibrated and calibrated versions ofSAPS 3 should be used with caution in COVID-19 patients.
The Molecular Determinants of Antigenic Drift in a Novel Avian Influenza A (H9N2) Variant Virus
Authors: Zheng Yiqing , Guo Yanna , Li Yingfei , Liang Bing , Sun Xiaoyuan , Li Shijia , Xia Huizhi , Ping Jihui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: In early 2020, a novel H9N2 AIV immune escape variant emerged in South China and rapidly spread throughout mainland China. The effectiveness of the current H9N2 vaccine is being challenged by emerging immune escape strains. Assessing key amino acid substitutions that contribute to antigenic drift and immune escape in the HA gene of circulating strains is critical for understanding virus evolution and in selecting more effective vaccine components. Methods: In this study, a representative immune escape strain, A/chicken/Fujian/11/2020 (FJ/20), differed from current H9N2 vaccine strain, A/chicken/Anhui/LH99/2017 (AH/17) by 18 amino acids in the head domain. To investigate the molecular determinants of antigenic drift of FJ/20, a panel of mutants were generated by reverse genetics including specific amino acids changes in the HA genes of FJ/20 and AH/17. The antigenic effect of the substitutions was evaluated by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and antigenic cartography. Results: Fujian-like H9N2 viruses had changed antigenicity significantly, having mutated into an antigenically distinct sub-clade. Relative to the titers of the vaccine virus AH/17, the escape strain FJ/20 saw a 16-fold reduction in HI titer against antiserum elicited by AH/17. Our results showed that seven residue substitutions (D127S, G135D, N145T, R146Q, D179T, R182T and T183N) near the HA receptor binding sites were critical for converting the antigenicity of both AH/17 and FJ/20. Especially, the combined mutations 127D, 135G, 145N, and 146R could be a major factor of antigenic drift in the current immune escape variant FJ/20. The avian influenza A (H9N2) variant virus need further ongoing epidemiological surveillance.Conclusions: In this study, we evaluated the relative contributions of different combinations of amino acid substitutions in the HA globular head domain of the immune escape strain FJ/20 and the vaccine strain AH/17. Our study provides more insights into the molecular mechanism of the antigenic drift of the H9N2 AIV immune escape strain. This work identified important markers for understanding H9N2 AIV evolution as well as for improving vaccine development and control strategies in poultry.
Characterization of the High-Pressure and High-Temperature Phase Diagram and Equation of State of Chromium
Authors: Anzellini Simone , Errandonea Daniel , Burakovsky Leonid , Proctor John E. , Beavers Christine M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The high-pressure and high-temperature melting curve of chromium has been investigated both experimentally (in situ), using a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell technique coupled with synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction, and theoretically, using ab initio density-functional theory simulations. In the pressure–temperature range covered experimentally (up to 90 GPa and 4500 K, respectively) only the solid body-centred-cubic and liquid phases of chromium have been observed. Experiments and computer calculations give melting curves in agreement with each other, that can be described by a Simon–Glatzel equation Tm(P) = 2136K(1+P/25.9) 0.41. In addition, a quasi-hydrostatic equation of state at ambient temperature has been experimentally characterized up to 131 GPa and compared with the present simulations. Both methods give very similar third-order Birch-Murnaghan equations of state with a bulk modulus of 182-185 GPa and its pressure derivative of 4.74-5.15. According to the present calculations, the obtained melting curve and equation of state are valid at least up to 815 GPa, being the melting temperature at this pressure 9310 K. Finally, from the obtained results, it was possible to determine a thermal equation of state of chromium valid up to 65 GPa and 2100 K.