bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of the Airway and Cardiovascular Responses to Extubation in Chronic Smokers by Prior Treatment with Dexmedetomidine, Fentanyl, and their Combination
Authors: Ahmed Naglaa A. , Yehia Ashraf M. , Mohamed Ahmed H. , Abdulwahhab Asmaa 
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Respiratory complications and hemodynamic changes during and after extubation are more common than during tracheal intubation and induction of anesthesia.

AIM: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of prior treatment with dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, and their combination on the attenuation of the airway and cardiovascular responses to extubation.

METHODS: The subjects were adult chronic male smokers, representing the population in which secondary response to extubation is most common. A randomized double-blinded comparative trial was conducted on 66 patients who were 20–60 years of age, chronic male smokers, scheduled for elective surgeries, and divided into three equal groups according to given drug 20 min before the end of surgery. Group A (n = 22) received 1 ug. kg−1 dexmedetomidine, Group B (n = 22) received fentanyl 1 ug. kg−1, and Group C (n = 22) received a mixture of the previously used drugs in the same doses. Time to and quality of extubation, airway and hemodynamic responses, and post-operative agitation and sedation were recorded.

RESULTS: Hemodynamic responses and quality of extubation were better in both Groups A and C than patients in Group B at the expense of increasing time to extubation, post-extubation sedation, and delayed recovery in Group C.

CONCLUSION: Single-dose dexmedetomidine 1 ug. kg-1 given 15 min before extubation in chronic cigarette smokers provided better attenuation of the airway and cardiovascular responses to extubation and suctioning with better recovery profile when compared to fentanyl 1 ug. kg-1 and dexmedetomidine mixed with fentanyl in the same previous doses.
Personal and Perceived Stigmas in Adolescents toward Peers with Mental Disorders in West Sumatra Indonesia
Authors: Sarfika Rika , Effendi Nursyirwan , Malini Hema , Edwin Nurdin Adnil 
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: The number of mental disorders in adolescents tends to increase every year in Indonesia. However, the stigma of mental disorders is a crucial factor that makes teens hide their mental health problem.
AIM: This study aimed to examine personal and perceived among adolescents towards peers with mental disorders (PMD) and to identify predictors of these constructs.
METHODS: This quantitative study with a cross-sectional design recruited 977 adolescents using a cluster random sampling technique. Adolescent stigma was assessed using the Peer Mental Health Stigmatization Scale (PMHSS). Multivariable general linear models (GLMs) was used for analysis.
RESULTS: The study shows that the perceived stigma (M = 36.62, SD = 5,183) tends to be higher than personal stigma (M = 39.49, SD = 5,495). Higher personal stigma was predicted by a lower level of academic (P < 0.01), lower levels of family monthly income (P < 0.01), and higher perceived stigma (P < 0.001). Higher perceived stigma was predicted by younger age (P < 0.05), lower levels of academic (P < 0.05), higher levels of family monthly income (P < 0.05), and higher personal stigma (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: The Findings suggest that stigmatization towards PMD is common among adolescents. The development of intervention programs should be directed at reducing negative perceptions of the environment. The identified predictors must also be considered in the development of future anti-stigma programs.
Pratiques d’orientation vers l’infirmière d’éducation thérapeutique : étude qualitative auprès de médecins généralistes et de patients d’une maison de santé en Lorraine
Authors: Hermann-Burteaux Audrey , Crozet Cyril 
Published: October 2021

Introduction : pour faire face à l’accroissement du nombre de patients porteurs de maladies chroniques, le dispositif ASALEE favorise la coopération entre les médecins généralistes et des infirmières d’éducation thérapeutique d’une maison de santé lorraine. Ils constatent des comportements d’absence, d’annulation et de report de la première consultation des patients orientés. Objectif : notre recherche explore les pratiques médicales d’orientation des patients à la première consultation d’éducation thérapeutique. Méthode : l’observation de ces pratiques a été couplée à des entretiens semi-directifs. Résultats : quatre médecins et 17 patients ont été observés et questionnés suite à l’orientation à l’infirmière d’éducation thérapeutique pour six d’entre eux et à un médecin spécialiste pour 11 autres. 27 critères et 72 indicateurs concernent la pratique d’orientation à l’ETP. Quinze sont communs aux 22 critères concernant le médecin spécialiste. Ces critères ouvrent des perspectives d’amélioration intéressant l’ETP, comme la Qualité de la relation médecin-patient et le Manque de connaissances et de compétences en ETP. Discussion/conclusion : l’amélioration de la pratique médicale d’orientation à l’éducation thérapeutique est permise par les groupes d’analyse de pratiques professionnelles et par l’acceptabilité sociale de l’ empowerment et de l’engagement des patients.
Evaluation of serum hepcidin and its relationship to iron homeostasis in obese anemic patients
Authors: Alkourashy Shaza A. , El-Salakawy Walaa A. , Saeed Alia M. 
Published: October 2021

Context
Obesity is an increasingly recognized medical problem in both high-income and low-income countries owing to poor dietary habits and physical inactivity. This is frequently associated with dysregulated iron homeostasis. Iron deficiency in obese patients might be attributable to imbalanced diet or increased bodily demands. However, a role of enhanced hepcidin expression as a result of proinflammatory milieu in this setting has been contemplated in the recent years.

Objectives
First, we aimed at the measurement of serum hepcidin levels in obese anemic individuals. Second, we aimed at the assessment of the presence or absence of a relationship between its levels and deranged iron homeostatic profile.

Patients and methods
A total of 90 adult participants have been enrolled from the Clinical Hematology and Oncology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Center ‘X,’ City ‘Z.’ Country ‘Y’. They have been divided into group I: 30 obese anemic patients, group II: 30 obese nonanemic patients, and group III: 30 healthy age-matched and sex-matched controls. Serum hepcidin levels were assayed using hepcidin ELISA kits.

Results
Group I enjoyed much higher serum hepcidin values as compared with either group II or III. Hepcidin level was associated with significantly lower mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, serum iron, and serum ferritin levels. However, it was remarkably associated with higher BMI, red cell distribution width, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels.

Conclusion
There is a low state of chronic inflammation in obese anemic individuals associated with higher serum hepcidin levels. This results into repressed iron absorption and release by the liver and phagocytic system, contributing largely to obesity-associated iron deficiency.
Effective biotechnologies for revolutionalizing the livestock industry in Nigeria after COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ezekwe A.G. , Machebe N.S. , Uzochukwu I.E. 
Published: October 2021

COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe health and hunger challenges both in developed and developing economies of the world thereby posing a serious threat to the economies and food security issues particularly of vulnerable regions of the world. Currently in Nigeria, there is a great increase in the market prices of crops and livestock products occasioned by the prevailing clashes between crop farmer and livestock herders. There is thus a huge gap in the demand and supply of available essential agricultural products leading to the high inflation rate being witnessed in the country today. With the current population of over 200 million which is expected to double by 2050, the task of feeding these Nigerians is daunting and very challenging. To overcome these challenges, the livestock industry in Nigeria needs to be transformed accordingly. FAO report of 2019 had advised African livestock producers to work to expand the scope of their operations and to invest in productivity-enhancing technologies in order to meet the growing demands for livestock products. The adoption of biotechnological innovations already available in animal reproduction, nutrition, health and genetics, is a clear pathway to enhance livestock production in Nigeria. The Nigerian Government is expected to play a leading role by providing enabling environment that will make for easy and seamless adoption of these technologies. Nigerian livestock farmers on their part should be ready and willing to embrace these technologies to enhance the productive capacity of their stock as well as improving their own welfare and economic wellbeing.
Key words: COVID-19 pandemic, biotechnology, livestock industry, development, Nigeria
Policy adjustments for enhanced agricultural production in Nigeria after COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Enete A.A. , Onyenekwe C.S. 
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions to global food supply chains. It has led to severe economic stress and malnutrition particularly in developing countries. This paper outlines the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on agriculture and livelihoods in Nigeria, measures put in place by the Nigerian Government to cushion the effect and parses evidence on programmes and policies that can help speed up sustainable economic recovery that Nigeria desperately needs post COVID-19 pandemic, through agricultural growth. Identifying appropriate policies to enhance agricultural production and trade post COVID-19 pandemic is important for maintaining a robust global food supply. The paper concludes that it may be time for a fundamental reassessment of policies designed to tackle challenges in the agricultural sector in sub-Saharan Africa particularly Nigeria. The state of agriculture in any country is a reflection of the long-term agricultural plan designed and pursued by the Government to move the sector forward. In designing strategies, policies and programmes to enhance agricultural growth, the starting point is to diagnose the challenges faced by the sector and the impacts of previous measures put in place to tackle the challenges, so that lessons could be drawn for designing better and more appropriate policies.
Key words: COVID-19 pandemic, agricultural policy, agrifood systems, agrarian development
Application of biological and digital technologies in resolving the negative effects of COVID-19 pandemic on crop production in Nigeria
Authors: Aba S.C. , Baiyeri K.P. 
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has wrecked great havoc in many spheres of life, including education, health, economy, and agriculture. This paper x-rayed the effects of the pandemic on crop production in Nigeria, and efforts made to proffer viable solutions through the application of biological and digital technologies. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on crop production was palpable in shortage of farm labour and labour immobility, disruption of agricultural input supply chain (e.g., fertilizers, agrochemicals, and seeds) and food distribution network. These irregularities grossly escalated food insecurity challenges, sparked price hikes, increased hunger and food losses. Considering the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on crop production which invariably extends to farmers’ income, food security, family nutrition and health, prompt measures to minimize the onward transmission among key players in crop production and food supply chain are imperative. The application of biological technologies including vaccination, use of natural herbs and spices, organic agriculture options (such as organic manuring, use of botanical protectants, farmers’ own seeds, cover cropping, mulching, biofertilizers, etc.), agricultural mechanization, and the digital technologies (mobile phones, remote sensing services, online platforms, robotics and artificial intelligence) would go a long way in resolving the negative effects of the pandemic on crop production in Nigeria. Strict adherences to the recommended public health safety measures (social distancing, compulsory use of face masks in the public, regular hand hygiene, covering of one’s mouth when sneezing or coughing, disinfection of high touch surfaces) are crucial in curtailing the spread of COVID-19 infection.
Key words: COVID-19 pandemic, crop production, food security, bio-and digital technologies, Nigeria
Advances in Nanomaterials Sciences and Nanotechnology for Sustainable Development: A Review
Authors: Assey Gervas E. , Malasi Wilhelm S. 
Published: October 2021

The fields of materials sciences have great opportunities to address the challenges of sustainable development of modern societies. The sub-disciplines of materials sciences of interest in this review are nanomaterials sciences and nanotechnology. Nanomaterials possess one external dimension measuring 1-100 nm. They have larger surface area for the same mass than their bulk materials. They are more reactive with effects on their electrical, optical and magnetic properties. Thus, nanomaterials are promising for sustainable development in the areas of energy, water, chemicals, electronics, medical and pharmaceutical industries, CO2 mitigation and agriculture. To this end, this review explores the advances in nanomaterials sciences, nanotechnology and the potential applications of nanomaterials for sustainable development. In this review, 73 peer reviewed articles and abstracts were retrieved. The review considered nanomaterials of carbon, inorganic materials, semiconductors, polymeric and lipid based materials. It has been found that nanomaterials sciences and nanotechnology is promising for potential applications in the areas of environmental remediation, energy, food, agriculture, industry, molecular biology, medicine and in pharmaceutical industries for sustainable development.
Keywords: nanomaterials sciences, nanotechnology, sustainable development
Analysing Climate Change Mitigation Policy Options in the Renewable Energy Sub-Sector in Tanzania
Authors: Kyaruzi Ladislaus , Ndaki Patrick M , Kangalawe Richard YM 
Published: October 2021

Public policies influence reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Also the extent to which policies are developed and implemented can influence the achievement of the national, regional and international climate change mitigation policy framework in the renewable energy sub-sector. This paper provides a critical overview of key policy options influencing the development of renewable energy sub-sector through climate change mitigation policy options in Tanzania. Questionnaire surveys were used to collect primary data from 100 relevant experts who represented 64 organizations in Tanzania. Secondary data were collected by literature review. The state of climate change mitigation policy options in the renewable energy sub-sector was assessed by using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 26.0 and content analysis. The results showed Tanzania lacks adequate climate change mitigation policy and renewable energy policy frameworks. A specific national climate change policy and national renewable energy policy are needed to guide stakeholders to undertake climate change mitigation actions in the renewable energy sub-sector in Tanzania. Perceptions gained and recommendations made are essential for undertaking climate change mitigation actions in Tanzania, and can be relevant for other developing countries because of similar climate change mitigation contexts.
Keywords: climate change, renewable energy, greenhouse gases, policies, Tanzania
Harnessing Nutritional Benefits of Spirulina platensis: Standardization of Cultivating Conditions of Spirulina in Kilimanjaro
Authors: Nyakundi David O. , Cleophas Phocus 
Published: October 2021

Malnutrition remains a challenge in Tanzania, notwithstanding government initiatives and health education geared towards assuaging the problem. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there will be more than 600,000 severely malnourished children in Tanzania by the year 2030. In particular, protein based malnutrition remains the greatest challenge due to the irreplaceable nature of its essential amino acids. Macronutrients and micronutrients which are found in Spirulina platensis have been recommended by WHO to address malnutrition in developing countries. Spirulina platensis is a ﬁlamentous Cyanobacterium microalgae with the highest recorded protein content of plant origin with several immune boosting nutrients. Spirulina cultivation requires sufficient aeration, proper light intensity and salinity for maximum biomass yield, cell productivity, specific growth rate, and protein content. This paper presents the findings of a study carried out in Kilimanjaro on the optimized conditions, locally and economically tailored approach system required to grow spirulina in the region. The study established the use of food grade organic media with low-cost urea as nitrogen source, a greenhouse average temperature of 30–32 °C in the months between December to March, alkalinity of 5 g/L, mixing frequency of 3 times per day/100 L and partial shading, as the optimum conditions for outdoor cultivation of spirulina.
Keywords: Malnutrition, Spirulina, Protein, growth condition
La exclusion educativa de los niños con discapacidad, choque didàctico entre docentes, padres de los niños discapacitados y los menores con funcionalidad variada
Authors: Cruz Swaldo Rojas 
Published: October 2021

The educational exclusion is a phenomenon that is in all our country, Colombia and Latin-American. The educational Institute Luis Carlos Galan Sarmiento is not uncommented to this difficulty and has seen the necessity to look with good eyes, the exclusion of girls, boys and teenagers with disable conditions. The rejection, the abandoning, the relegation and the discrimination make part of this exclusion into the schools.
Besides, there is a didactic impact because the teachers are not prepared to teach to children with special educational needs. The State obligates to teachers to work without tools.

La exclusión educativa es un fenómeno que se da en todo nuestro país, Colombia y Latinoamérica. La Institución educativa Luis Carlos Galán Sarmiento no es ajena a esta dificultad y ha visto la necesidad de mirar con buenos ojos, la exclusión de niñas, niños y adolescentes con condiciones de discapacidad. El rechazo, el abandono, la relegación y la discriminación hacen parte de esta exclusión en las escuelas.
Además, hay un impacto didáctico porque los profesores no están preparados para enseñar a los niños con necesidades educativas especiales. El Estado obliga a los profesores a trabajar sin herramientas.
INTEREST RATE, MONEY SUPPLY AND GROWTH OF MORTGAGE FINANCING AMONG COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA
Authors: Luyali Chanzu , Bichanga Julius , Gekara M 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interest rate and money supply on the growth of mortgage financing among Commercial banks in Kenya.
Materials and methods: The study adopted a descriptive research design. The population contained 35 loan lending commercial banks over a period between 1985 and 2019. Secondary data was used from desired financial statements available to the public of the singular commercial banks and other posted reports of financial institutions and establishments in conformity with the study. Time-series data were analyzed using STATA version 13 software, regression analysis and model specification tests. The hypothesis was tested using the multiple regression approach a significance level of 0.05 was used.
Results: The study found that interest rate (coef= -0.0822, p= 0.007) and money supply (coef= 0.548, p= 0.00) have significant effects on the growth of mortgage financing among Kenyan commercial banks.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Kenya's central bank should put in place mechanisms to guarantee that interest rates and money supply do not have adverse impacts on bank mortgage financing. The government should guarantee currency stability since currency fluctuations may have a negative impact on commercial bank mortgage borrowing. The classical theory is therefore relevant in our research since interest rates impact mortgages when capital demand increases. The quantity theory of money demand also holds that individuals want cash based on the transactions they need.
Nuevo edificio Aulario, Universidad de Alioune Diop, Bambey, Senegal
Authors: Consulting Engineering Architecture IDOM 
Published: October 2021

<p>En Senegal la sombra y el agua lo son todo. Este proyecto de aulario, primo-hermano de otro en Gastón Berger, San Luis, que desarrollamos por encargo del Ministerio de Educación y el Banco Mundial, pretende responder a este contexto como la máquina perfecta, bella en su eficiencia y sin motor. Planteamos el diseño desde la sección, dotando al edificio de una gran cubierta doble y una gran celosía de fachada sur, un escudo en forma de “L” tumbada, que evita la radiación solar directa, pero es permeable al aire. Este escudo crea un efecto Venturi generando un flujo de aire constante entre envolvente y aulas reduciendo la temperatura interior. El edificio es constructivamente sencillo, adecuado a las posibilidades del lugar: bloques de hormigón construidos a pie de obra revestidos con mortero y vigas de acero de celosía.</p><p> </p>
Inhibition of miR-34a ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Authors: Zhu Shilin , Tang Jianghong , Lan Lan , Su Feng 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionOxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. In this study, we aimed to determine whether miR-34a was involved in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, oxidative stress, and neuronal apoptosis by targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).Material and methodsRats received middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery to simulate I/R injury. At 24 h after MCAO surgery, neurological deficits and infarct volumes were evaluated according to Longa’s scale and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) chloride staining. Neuronal apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), and the expression of miR-34a and associated proteins were detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blotting. Several markers of oxidative stress were detected using commercial kits, and the interaction between miR-34a and BDNF was measured by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP).ResultsThe results showed that miR-34a was upregulated (p < 0.05), whereas BDNF was downregulated (p < 0.05) in the MCAO rats, and this negative correlation was accompanied by clear oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. RIP demonstrated a clear interaction between miR-34a and BDNF. Furthermore, miR-34a was also found to inhibit oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis, increase BDNF expression, and ameliorate neurological deficits and infarct volumes (p < 0.05) seen in the MCAO rats.ConclusionsThese data suggested that inhibition of miR-34a ameliorated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting BDNF. This mechanism represents a novel and promising target for the treatment of strokes.