bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes Prevention in Adolescents: Co-design Study Using Human-Centered Design Methodologies
Authors: Pike Julie M , Moore Courtney M , Yazel Lisa G , Lynch Dustin O , Haberlin-Pittz Kathryn M , Wiehe Sarah E , Hannon Tamara S 
Published: January 2021

Background
The rise in pediatric obesity and its accompanying condition, type 2 diabetes (T2D), is a serious public health concern. T2D in adolescents is associated with poor health outcomes and decreased life expectancy. Effective diabetes prevention strategies for high-risk adolescents and their families are urgently needed.

Objective
The aim of this study was to co-design a diabetes prevention program for adolescents by using human-centered design methodologies.

Methods
We partnered with at-risk adolescents, parents, and professionals with expertise in diabetes prevention or those working with adolescents to conduct a series of human-centered design research sessions to co-design a diabetes prevention intervention for youth and their families. In order to do so, we needed to (1) better understand environmental factors that inhibit/promote recommended lifestyle changes to decrease T2D risk, (2) elucidate desired program characteristics, and (3) explore improved activation in diabetes prevention programs.

Results
Financial resources, limited access to healthy foods, safe places for physical activity, and competing priorities pose barriers to adopting lifestyle changes. Adolescents and their parents desire interactive, hands-on learning experiences that incorporate a sense of fun, play, and community in diabetes prevention programs.

Conclusions
The findings of this study highlight important insights of 3 specific stakeholder groups regarding diabetes prevention and lifestyle changes. The findings of this study demonstrate that, with appropriate methods and facilitation, adolescents, parents, and professionals can be empowered to co-design diabetes prevention programs.
Willingness to Use Digital Health Tools in Patient Care Among Health Care Professionals and Students at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia: Quantitative Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Thapa Subash , Nielsen Jesper Bo , Aldahmash Abdullah M , Qadri Fatima R , Leppin Anja 
Published: January 2021

Background
The adoption rate of digital health in the health care sector is low in many countries. A facilitating factor for successful implementation and adoption of digital health is acceptance by current and future health care professionals.

Objective
This study was conducted to identify factors associated with willingness to use digital health tools in patient care among health care professionals and students.

Methods
This was a quantitative cross-sectional survey study conducted among health care professionals and students at a university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A nonprobability convenience sampling procedure was used to recruit participants. Data were collected using a self-completed e-questionnaire that was distributed by email. Chi-square tests, t tests, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.

Results
We found that 181 out of 218 health care professionals (83.0%; 75.6% [59/78] physicians; 87.1% [122/140] nurses) and 115 out of 154 students (74.7%; 80.0% [76/95] medical students and 66.1% [39/59] nursing students) were willing to use digital tools in patient care. Willingness to use digital tools was significantly associated with attitude (Adjusted Odds Ratios [AOR] 1.96; 95% CI 1.14-3.36) and self-efficacy (AOR 1.64; 95% CI 1.17-2.30) among health care professionals, and with current year of study (AOR 2.08; 95% CI 1.18-3.68) and self-efficacy (AOR 1.77; 95% CI 1.17-2.69) among students. No significant difference in willingness to use digital tools was found between physicians and nurses (P=.113), and between medical and nursing students (P=.079).

Conclusions
The findings of this study should encourage policy makers and hospital managers to implement relevant eHealth interventions within routine health care systems in Saudi Arabia. For successful implementation, digital health education programs should be implemented simultaneously, so that current and future health care professionals are able to develop required positive attitudes as well as practical skills and competencies.
Interformat Reliability of Web-Based Parent-Rated Questionnaires for Assessing Neurodevelopmental Disorders Among Preschoolers: Cross-sectional Community Study
Authors: Tanaka Masanori , Saito Manabu , Takahashi Michio , Adachi Masaki , Nakamura Kazuhiko 
Published: January 2021

Background
Early detection and intervention for neurodevelopmental disorders are effective. Several types of paper questionnaires have been developed to assess these conditions in early childhood; however, the psychometric equivalence between the web-based and the paper versions of these questionnaires is unknown.

Objective
This study examined the interformat reliability of the web-based parent-rated version of the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (ADHD-RS), Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ), and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) among Japanese preschoolers in a community developmental health check-up setting.

Methods
A set of paper-based questionnaires were distributed for voluntary completion to parents of children aged 5 years. The package of the paper format questionnaires included the ASSQ, ADHD-RS, DCDQ, parent-reported SDQ (P-SDQ), and several additional demographic questions. Responses were received from 508 parents of children who agreed to participate in the study. After 3 months, 300 parents, who were among the initial responders, were randomly selected and asked to complete the web-based versions of these questionnaires. A total of 140 parents replied to the web-based format and were included as a final sample in this study.

Results
We obtained the McDonald ω coefficients for both the web-based and paper formats of the ASSQ (web-based: ω=.90; paper: ω=.86), ADHD-RS total and subscales (web-based: ω=.88-.94; paper: ω=.87-.93), DCDQ total and subscales (web-based: ω=.82-.94; paper: ω=.74-.92), and P-SDQ total and subscales (web-based: ω=.55-.81; paper: ω=.52-.80). The intraclass correlation coefficients between the web-based and paper formats were all significant at the 99.9% confidence level: ASSQ (r=0.66, P<.001); ADHD-RS total and subscales (r=0.66-0.74, P<.001); DCDQ total and subscales (r=0.66-0.71, P<.001); P-SDQ Total Difficulties and subscales (r=0.55-0.73, P<.001). There were no significant differences between the web-based and paper formats for total mean score of the ASSQ (P=.76), total (P=.12) and subscale (P=.11-.47) mean scores of DCDQ, and the P-SDQ Total Difficulties mean score (P=.20) and mean subscale scores (P=.28-.79). Although significant differences were found between the web-based and paper formats for mean ADHD-RS scores (total: t132=2.83, P=.005; Inattention subscale: t133=2.15, P=.03; Hyperactivity/Impulsivity subscale: t133=3.21, P=.002), the effect sizes were small (Cohen d=0.18-0.22).

Conclusions
These results suggest that the web-based versions of the ASSQ, ADHD-RS, DCDQ, and P-SDQ were equivalent, with the same level of internal consistency and intrarater reliability as the paper versions, indicating the applicability of the web-based versions of these questionnaires for assessing neurodevelopmental disorders.
Prediction of Prolonged Length of Hospital Stay After Cancer Surgery Using Machine Learning on Electronic Health Records: Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jo Yong-Yeon , Han JaiHong , Park Hyun Woo , Jung Hyojung , Lee Jae Dong , Jung Jipmin , Cha Hyo Soung , Sohn Dae Kyung , Hwangbo Yul 
Published: January 2021

Background
Postoperative length of stay is a key indicator in the management of medical resources and an indirect predictor of the incidence of surgical complications and the degree of recovery of the patient after cancer surgery. Recently, machine learning has been used to predict complex medical outcomes, such as prolonged length of hospital stay, using extensive medical information.

Objective
The objective of this study was to develop a prediction model for prolonged length of stay after cancer surgery using a machine learning approach.

Methods
In our retrospective study, electronic health records (EHRs) from 42,751 patients who underwent primary surgery for 17 types of cancer between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2017, were sourced from a single cancer center. The EHRs included numerous variables such as surgical factors, cancer factors, underlying diseases, functional laboratory assessments, general assessments, medications, and social factors. To predict prolonged length of stay after cancer surgery, we employed extreme gradient boosting classifier, multilayer perceptron, and logistic regression models. Prolonged postoperative length of stay for cancer was defined as bed-days of the group of patients who accounted for the top 50% of the distribution of bed-days by cancer type.

Results
In the prediction of prolonged length of stay after cancer surgery, extreme gradient boosting classifier models demonstrated excellent performance for kidney and bladder cancer surgeries (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] >0.85). A moderate performance (AUC 0.70-0.85) was observed for stomach, breast, colon, thyroid, prostate, cervix uteri, corpus uteri, and oral cancers. For stomach, breast, colon, thyroid, and lung cancers, with more than 4000 cases each, the extreme gradient boosting classifier model showed slightly better performance than the logistic regression model, although the logistic regression model also performed adequately. We identified risk variables for the prediction of prolonged postoperative length of stay for each type of cancer, and the importance of the variables differed depending on the cancer type. After we added operative time to the models trained on preoperative factors, the models generally outperformed the corresponding models using only preoperative variables.

Conclusions
A machine learning approach using EHRs may improve the prediction of prolonged length of hospital stay after primary cancer surgery. This algorithm may help to provide a more effective allocation of medical resources in cancer surgery.
Barriers and Facilitators to Genetic Service Delivery Models: Scoping Review
Authors: Raspa Melissa , Moultrie Rebecca , Toth Danielle , Haque Saira Naim 
Published: January 2021

Background
Advances in diagnostics testing and treatment of genetic conditions have led to increased demand for genetic services in the United States. At the same time, there is a shortage of genetic services professionals. Thus, understanding the models of service delivery currently in use can help increase access and improve outcomes for individuals identified with genetic conditions.

Objective
This review aims to provide an overview of barriers and facilitators to genetic service delivery models to inform future service delivery.

Methods
We conducted a scoping literature review of the evidence to more fully understand barriers and facilitators around the provision of genetic services.

Results
There were a number of challenges identified, including the limited number of genetics specialists, wait time for appointments, delivery of services by nongenetics providers, reimbursement, and licensure. The ways to address these challenges include the use of health information technology such as telehealth, group genetic counseling, provider-to-provider education, partnership models, and training; expanding genetic provider types; and embedding genetic counselors in clinical settings.

Conclusions
The literature review highlighted the need to expand access to genetic services. Ways to expand services include telehealth, technical assistance, and changing staffing models. In addition, using technology to improve knowledge among related professionals can help expand access.
Electronic Health Risk Behavior Screening With Integrated Feedback Among Adolescents in Primary Care: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Richardson Laura , Parker Elizabeth Oshrin , Zhou Chuan , Kientz Julie , Ozer Elizabeth , McCarty Carolyn 
Published: January 2021

Background
Health risk behaviors are the most common sources of morbidity among adolescents. Adolescent health guidelines (Guidelines for Preventive Services by the AMA and Bright Futures by the Maternal Child Health Bureau) recommend screening and counseling, but the implementation is inconsistent.

Objective
This study aims to test the efficacy of electronic risk behavior screening with integrated patient-facing feedback on the delivery of adolescent-reported clinician counseling and risk behaviors over time.

Methods
This was a randomized controlled trial comparing an electronic tool to usual care in five pediatric clinics in the Pacific Northwest. A total of 300 participants aged 13-18 years who attended a well-care visit between September 30, 2016, and January 12, 2018, were included. Adolescents were randomized after consent by employing a 1:1 balanced age, sex, and clinic stratified schema with 150 adolescents in the intervention group and 150 in the control group. Intervention adolescents received electronic screening with integrated feedback, and the clinicians received a summary report of the results. Control adolescents received usual care. Outcomes, assessed via online survey methods, included adolescent-reported receipt of counseling during the visit (measured a day after the visit) and health risk behavior change (measured at 3 and 6 months after the visit).

Results
Of the original 300 participants, 94% (n=282), 94.3% (n=283), and 94.6% (n=284) completed follow-up surveys at 1 day, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively, with similar levels of attrition across study arms. The mean risk behavior score at baseline was 2.86 (SD 2.33) for intervention adolescents and 3.10 (SD 2.52) for control adolescents (score potential range 0-21). After adjusting for age, gender, and random effect of the clinic, intervention adolescents were 36% more likely to report having received counseling for endorsed risk behaviors than control adolescents (adjusted rate ratio 1.36, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.78) 1 day after the well-care visit. Both the intervention and control groups reported decreased risk behaviors at the 3- and 6-month follow-up assessments, with no significant group differences in risk behavior scores at either time point (3-month group difference: β=−.15, 95% CI −0.57 to −0.01, P=.05; 6-month group difference: β=−.12, 95% CI −0.29 to 0.52, P=.57).

Conclusions
Although electronic health screening with integrated feedback improves the delivery of counseling by clinicians, the impact on risk behaviors is modest and, in this study, not significantly different from usual care. More research is needed to identify effective strategies to reduce risk in the context of well-care.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02882919; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02882919
Use of Telehealth for Domiciliary Follow-up After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Mussetti Alberto , Salas Maria Queralt , Condom Maria , Antonio Maite , Ochoa Cristian , Ivan Iulia , Jimenez Ruiz-De la Torre David , Sanz Linares Gabriela , Ansoleaga Belen , Patiño-Gutierrez Beatriz , Jimenez-Prat Laura , Parody Rocio , Sureda-Balari Ana 
Published: January 2021

Background
Patients who have recently received a hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) are at higher risk of acute complications in the first weeks after discharge, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective
The aim of this study was to test the use of a telehealth platform for the follow-up of HCT patients during the first two weeks after discharge.

Methods
In total, 21 patients who received autologous or allogeneic HCT for hematological malignancies were screened from April 30, 2020, to July 15, 2020. The telehealth platform assisted in the daily collection of vital signs as well as physical and psychological symptoms for two weeks after hospital discharge. The required medical devices (oximeter and blood pressure monitor) were given to patients and a dedicated smartphone app was developed to collect this data. The data were reviewed daily through web-based software by a hematologist specializing in HCT.

Results
Only 12 of 21 patients were able to join and complete the study. Technological barriers were the most frequent limiting factor in this study. Among the 12 patients who completed the study, adherence to data reporting was high. The patients’ experience of using such a system was considered good. In two cases, the system enabled the early recognition of acute complications.

Conclusions
This pilot study showed that telehealth systems can be applied in the early posttransplant setting, with evident advantages for physicians and patients for both medical and psychological aspects. Technological issues still represent a challenge for the applicability of such a system, especially for older adult patients. Easier-to-use technologies could help to expand the use of telehealth systems in this setting in the future.
An Overview: Preparation Characterization and Applications of Nanoparticles
Authors: Lohat Simranjeet Kaur , Kumar Sandeep , Gaba Punam 
Published: January 2021

For the past few decades, there has been a major investigate intrigues among the zone of medicate conveyance utilizing particulate conveyance frame works as carriers for the limited and expansive particles. Particulate frameworks like nanoparticles are utilizing as a physical approach to alter and move forward the pharmacological medicine and pharmacodynamics properties of various forms of sedate atoms. Nanoparticles area unit characterized as a particles with a breadth littler than 100nm, area unit increasingly utilize in many applications, count medicate framework and to pass organ obstructions like the blood brain barrier. Nano crystals and alternative nanoparticles are obtaining a parcel of thought for potential utilize in medicine, and medicine sedate revelation. The use of engineering science and prescription drugs and additional significantly sedate connivance is ready to unfold quickly. Right away various substances area unit at a lower place examination for sedate provides.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Types, Method of Preparation, Evaluation, Applications.
Medicinal Plants Used to Cure Cuts and Wounds in Athur Region of Thoothukudi District in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Sundari A , Jayakumararaj R 
Published: January 2021

An ethnomedicinal study was conducted to enumerate the medicinal plants used by the inhabitants for the treatment of cuts and wounds in Athur region of Thoothukudi district from January to February, 2020, among 9 key informants through a semi-structured questionnaire. Present documentation enumerates 28 species of medicinal plants belonging to 27 genera and 19 families used to cure cuts and wounds. Fabaceae (5 species) was found as the best-represented family. Trees were found maximum (14 nos., 50.0%), leaves (56.76%) were the most preferable plant part, plant materials were mostly used in the form of paste (29.76%) and mostly (51.36%) applied topically. More ethnobotanical studies should be encouraged before the traditional knowledge of indigenous people vanishes.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Cut and Wound, Athur region, Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu.
Development and Characterization of Elastic Liposomes of Metronidazole for the Treatment of Bacterial Infection
Authors: Chaurasiya Priyam , Agarwal Ritesh , Loksh Kavita R. 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of present study is to develop and evaluate the elastic liposomes of metronidazole so as to provide the sustained release and improve its bioavailability.
Methods: Elastic liposomes were prepared by rotary evaporation method using Span 80 and Span 60 as a surfactants. The prepared elastic liposomes were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, In vitro drug release.
Results: The drug release profiles from different elastic liposomes-in-vehicle formulations were in agreement with the physicochemical properties of the formulations. The formulation prepared showed an average vesicle size 185.4nm. The amount of drug entrapped into the elastic liposomes formulations was determined. The entrapment efficiency was found to be 73.45±0.78 %. A good amount of drug was entrapped in the liposome formulations prepared. Based on different parameters formulations of batch TG2 was found to be the best formulations. Stability study was performed on the selected formulation TG2. When the regression coefficient values of were compared, it was observed that ‘r’ values of first order was maximum i.e. 0.993 hence indicating drug release from formulations was found to follow Korsmeyer Peppas model release kinetics
Conclusion: These results indicate that elastic liposome can function as probable drug delivery systems to enhance transdermal permeation of metronidazole for treating the topical infections.
Keywords: Metronidazole, Elastic liposomes, Topical administration, Skin infection
Nephroprotective Effect of Asgand Powder (Withania somnifera Dunal) on Cisplatin Induced Renal Injury in Rats
Authors: AKHTAR FARHAN , Azhar Misbahuddin , Aslam Mohd , Javed Kalim 
Published: January 2021

Background: The nephroprotective effect of crude powder of Asgand (Withania samnifera Dunal) was studied against cisplatin induced renal toxicity in wistar albino rats of either sex.
Results: The powder of Withania somnifera Dunal at dose level 700 and 1400 mg/kg body wt/day showed reduction in elevated blood urea, serum creatinine and uric acid. It was found to protect kidney damage by cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity as evidenced by oral administration of Asgand (Withania samnifera Dunal) (700 mg/kg) inhibited the rise in blood urea nitrogen (121.7%), Serum cratinine (76.64%), and uric acid (92.7%). There were 92.71% inhibition in the rise of BUN, 92% inhibition in the rise of serum creatinine and 106.6% inhibition in the rise of uric acid with 1400 mg.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that the famous Unani herb Asgand Powder possesses marked nephroprotective activity and could offer a promising role in the treatment of acute renal injury caused by nephrotoxins like cisplatin.
Keywords: Withania somnifera Dunal, Cisplatin, Asgand, Nephroprotection, Unani Medicine