bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suspicion
Authors: Charles Nicole 
Published: November 2021

In 2014 Barbados introduced a vaccine to prevent certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) and reduce the risk of cervical cancer in young women. Despite the disproportionate burden of cervical cancer in the Caribbean, many Afro-Barbadians chose not to immunize their daughters. In Suspicion, Nicole Charles reframes Afro-Barbadian vaccine refusal from a question of hesitancy to one of suspicion. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, black feminist theory, transnational feminist studies and science and technology studies, Charles foregrounds Afro-Barbadians' gut feelings and emotions and the lingering trauma of colonial and biopolitical violence. She shows that suspicion, far from being irrational, is a fraught and generative affective orientation grounded in concrete histories of mistrust of government and coercive medical practices foisted on colonized peoples. By contextualizing suspicion within these longer cultural and political histories, Charles troubles traditional narratives of vaccine hesitancy while offering new entry points into discussions on racialized biopolitics, neocolonialism, care, affect, and biomedicine across the Black diaspora.
Duke University Press Scholars of Color First Book Award recipient
Lightning Behaviour during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yusfiandika Fazandra , Lim Siow Chun , Gomes Chandima , Chockalingam Aravind , Cheng Pay Lee 
Published: November 2021

Background COVID-19 has drastically dampened human activities since early 2020. Studies have shown that this has resulted in changes in air temperature and humidity. Since lightning activities are dependent on air temperature and humidity, this study is conducted to evaluate the correlation between the intensity of lightning activities with the atmospheric changes, and investigates the changes, in lightning activities due to atmospheric changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The hypothesis was tested through a t-test and Pearson’s correlation study. The variation trend of lightning strikes count (LSC) in Europe and Oceania during the five months COVID-19 lockdown period (March – July) compared to the same period in the previous five years from 2015 to 2019 is investigated. Results Statistical analysis shows the LSC in Europe and Oceania during the lockdown period dropped significantly by more than 50% and 44% respectively compared to the same period in previous five years. Furthermore, LSC was found to be positively correlated with air temperature and relative humidity in Europe. However, in Oceania, LSC seems to be only positively correlated with air temperature but negatively correlated with relative humidity. Conclusions This study seems to suggest that lightning activities have significantly changed during this pandemic due to reduction in human activities.
Case Article—Bayer New Drug Development Decision Making
Authors: Stonebraker Jeffrey S. 
Published: November 2021

The interactive case study requires student teams to engage with the instructor using a structured decision analysis process in deciding whether to develop a new drug to treat blood clots in legs. There is role-playing in the interactive case study where student teams are decision consultants and the instructor serves as the decision maker, subject matter expert (SME), and coach. Student teams are responsible for managing the analytical process, framing the decision, collecting data from the SME (instructor), constructing the Excel model, assessing probabilities for the most-sensitive uncertainties from the SME, evaluating the Excel-based decision-tree model, and presenting evaluation results and recommendations to the decision maker (instructor). The goal of the case is to improve the analytical, modeling, and consulting skills of the students. The interactive case study is the culmination of a semester-long elective MBA course, entitled Decision Making Under Uncertainty. Since 2010, I have taught this course 31 times to 870 graduate students. History: This paper has been accepted for the INFORMS Transactions on Education Special Section on Cases Based on Real-World Projects from the INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics. Supplemental Material: Supplemental materials are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2021.0262ca . The Teaching Note and solutions are available at https://www.informs.org/Publications/Subscribe/Access-Restricted-Materials .
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with dose dense MVAC is associated with improved survival after radical cystectomy compared to other cytotoxic regimens: A tertiary center experience
Authors: Lemiński Artur , Kaczmarek Krystian , Byrski Tomasz , Słojewski Marcin 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has become standard of care for cisplatin-eligible patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer qualified to radical cystectomy, providing a modest increase in 5-year overall survival rate. Several regimens are being employed for neoadjuvant treatment, largely because of their efficacy in metastatic setting. There is however a scarcity of evidence on the optimal cytotoxic regimen for neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Objectives
We evaluated the efficacy of different protocols of neoadjuvant chemotherapy amongst patients who underwent radical cystectomy at our institution.

Methods
This is a single-center, retrospective, observational study including a cohort of 220 patients who underwent radical cystectomy between 2014 and 2020. The neoadjuvant chemotherapy cohort included 79 patients and was compared to the cohort of historical controls including 141 patients operated prior to routine administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and those who opted for upfront surgery.

Results
Administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy decreased the risk of overall and cancer-specific mortality HR = 0.625 (95% CI 0.414–0.944), p = 0.025 and HR = 0.579 (95% CI 0.348–0.964), p = 0.036. Rates of downstaging, complete responses, lymph node metastasis, extravesical extension and positive surgical margins significantly favored neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Out of cytotoxic regimens, dose-dense MVAC and gemcitabine-cisplatin were similarly efficacious providing 46.9% and 50% of downstaging to <ypT2N0 respectively, including 30.6% and 25% of complete remissions. However, only dose-dense MVAC was associated with reduction of all-cause and cancer specific mortality risk HR = 0.385 (95% CI 0.214–0.691) p = 0.001 and HR = 0.336 (95% CI 0.160–0.703), p = 0.004 respectively.

Conclusions
Our study implies that neoadjuvant chemotherapy with subsequent radical cystectomy provides significant improvement over upfront surgery in locoregional control and long-term prognosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The urologic community should strive to maximize utilization of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, yet further research, including randomized control trials, is needed to validate superiority of dose-dense MVAC as the preferred regimen for cisplatin-eligible patients.
The Ontological Nature of Gender Equality as a Philosophical and Legal Category
Authors: Golovinov Alexander , Golovinova Yulia 
Published: November 2021

This publication is aimed at gaining the insight into the concept of "gender equality". The article shows that the growing need for understanding the principle of gender equality at the philosophical and legal level is caused by the trends themselves within the changing legislation. The authors have specified that according to the generally accepted position, gender equality is understood as an absolutely identical range of opportunities. The participation and presence of both sexes in every area of society is an integral part of the legal equality of men and women. It is noted that value of women is heatedly discussed, as they are seen as an abnormal group from the point of view of a patriarchal society. All above is ultimately aimed at finding legal constructs that minimize the hierarchy of differences between the genders.
Changing Trends of Cirrhotic and Noncirrhotic Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Era of Directly-Acting Antiviral Agents
Authors: Mathur Karan , Mazhar Areej , Patel Milin , Dakhoul Lara , Burney Heather , Liu Hao , Nephew Lauren , Chalasani Naga , deLemos Andrew , Gawrieh Samer 
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION:
The impact of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) on burden of cirrhotic and noncirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been examined. We assessed recent trends in liver disease etiologies of HCC and proportion of noncirrhotic HCC since DAAs introduction.

METHODS:
Clinical characteristics including presence or absence of underlying cirrhosis were collected from 2,623 patients diagnosed with HCC between 2009 and 2019 at 2 large US centers. Logistic regression was performed to investigate the annual trends of HCC due to different liver diseases and proportions of noncirrhotic cases.

RESULTS:
In the DAA era (2014–2019), annual decline in HCV-HCC (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88–0.99, P = 0.019), without change in trends of other liver diseases–related HCC, was observed. Annual increase in noncirrhotic HCC (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03–1.23, P = 0.009) and decline in cirrhotic HCC (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81–0.97, P = 0.009) along with similar trends for HCV-HCC—increase in noncirrhotic cases (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.08–1.69, P = 0.009) and decrease in cirrhotic cases (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86–0.98, P = 0.012)—were observed during the DAA era. Compared with the pre-DAA era, HCC resection rate increased (10.7% vs 14.0%, P = 0.013) whereas liver transplantation rate decreased (15.1% vs 12.0%, P = 0.023) in the DAA era.

DISCUSSION:
Since introduction of DAAs, proportions of cirrhotic HCC have decreased, whereas proportions of noncirrhotic HCC have increased. These new trends were associated with change in utilization of liver resection and transplantation for HCC. The impact of changing patterns of DAA use on these trends will require further study.
PERFIL MATERNO- INFANTIL DE RECÉM-NASCIDOS PRÉ –TERMO NO ESTADO DA BAHIA
Authors: Lima Rocha Cleia , Rodrigues Roquenei da Purificação , Menezes Leonardo Mendes , Lopes Paloma Silva 
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Identificar o perfil materno-infantil de recém-nascidos prematuros no estado da Bahia. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo, baseados nas informações de nascidos vivos, no estado da Bahia, no período de 2008 a 2018, por meio do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos – SINASC. Resultados: Houve um total de 212.720 nascimentos de recém-nascidos pré-termos, com maior prevalência para os prematuros entre 32 e 36 semanas de gestação, de mães com idade entre 15 a 24 anos, solteiras e com grau de instrução menor que 11 anos de estudo. A maioria dos recém-nascidos menores de 22 semanas de gestação tiverem entre 1 e 3 consultas pré-natais e os demais prematuros receberam entre 4 e 6 consultas, predominando o parto vaginal, com a maioria dos recém-nascidos sendo do sexo masculino, pretos e pardos, pesando menos de 2.500 Kg. Os recém-nascidos com maior grau de prematuridade apresentam valores menores de Apgar. E apenas uma parcela pequena dos prematuros uma parcela pequena dos prematuros apresentou anomalias genéticas. Conclusão: A identificação dos fatores de risco de nascimentos prematuros permite a realização de educação em saúde, planejamento familiar e pré-natal de qualidade, visando evitar ocorrência desses partos e propiciar que os recém-nascidos sobrevivam com maior qualidade de vida.
Convergence médiatique et visibilité numérique vaticane : le développement de Vatican News
Authors: Anzelmo Angela 
Published: November 2021

Depuis la fin des années 1990, l’Église catholique s’est emparée des dispositifs numériques pour transmettre un message politico-religieux d’une modernité nécessaire pour communiquer et demeurer visible à l’heure des hypermédias. Une avancée communicationnelle se dessine depuis 2018, notamment par la convergence médiatique de ce qui constituait précédemment un appareil communicationnel numérique fractionné, voire divisé, dans lequel les entités médiatiques du Dicastère pour la communication se juxtaposaient. Or à la lumière de la pensée d’Henri Jenkins, quelle(s) conséquence(s) engendre la convergence médiatique en termes de décloisonnement des publics et, a fortiori, de visibilité institutionnelle ? Quelles valeurs médiatiques le web 2.0 introduit-il pour les processus de traduction des discours institutionnels d’une communauté à l’autre ? Cette contribution se propose de répondre à ces questions en étudiant les moyens investis pour permettre à l’Église catholique de gagner en efficacité communicationnelle depuis les trois dernières années.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in breast milk and serum of immunized lactating mothers
Authors: Sadiq Sidra , Arslan Faheem 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continuous to spread, the transfer of maternal anti severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies via lactation is an important source of immunity in newborns that requires more comprehensive studies to improve vaccine options in these candidates. The aim of this study was to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies against COVID-19 in breast milk and serum of lactating mothers post vaccination and to establish a correlation between both.

Methods
Hundred and eighty lactating mothers were included in this cross sectional cohort study conducted at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar. We described the immunogenicity 21 days after the booster dose of vaccine in 21 patients. Breast Milk and serum specimens were collected and investigated for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies by consuming electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S Roche, Switzerland).

Results
One-hundred percent of patients revealed robust positive findings to SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins antibodies in breast milk and 85 percent in serum, i.e., >0.8 IU/mL. Our study shows that lactating mothers can mount robust immune reactions against SARS-CoV-2 post vaccination.

Conclusions
All participants had significantly higher antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination. Participants had antibody titers one scale higher post vaccination than pre vaccination. A significant correlation was found between SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in milk and serum. Constant monitoring of antibodies titers is estimated to attain significant humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
miR-378a-3p regulates glioma cell chemosensitivity to cisplatin through IGF1R
Authors: Wang Yunjiang , Du Jia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Glioma is a type of common intracranial tumor. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which miR-378a-3p regulates cisplatin (CDDP) chemosensitivity in glioma cells via insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). U251/CDDP cells were treated with CDDP and transfected with miR-378a-3p mimics, NC mimics, or pcDNA-IGF1R. qRT-PCR was used to measure the differential level of miR-378a-3p. CCK-8 assay was used to test cell proliferation, and flow cytometry was used to analyze apoptosis. The targeting relationship between miR-378a-3p and IGF1R was tested through a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. In contrast to normal glial cells, the miR-378a-3p level decreased in human glioma U251 cells and had lower expression in U251/CDDP cells. Compared with the CDDP group, miR-378a-3p significantly caused the inhibition of U251/CDDP cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in the miR-378a-3p mimics + CDDP group. Another experiment confirmed that IGF1R was a target gene of miR-378a-3p, and overexpression of miR-378a-3p inhibited IGF1R expression. In addition, co-overexpression of miR-378a-3p and IGF1R induced the upregulation of the U251/CDDP cell proliferation and the inhibition of apoptosis in the miR-378a-3p mimics + pcDNA-IGF1R + CDDP group. This study confirmed that miR-378a-3p promoted the sensitivity of glioma cells to CDDP in glioma patients via targeting IGF1R to increase the therapeutic effect during chemotherapy.
The emergence of light verb constructions
Authors: Fleischhauer Jens , Hartmann Stefan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper takes a data-driven perspective on the grammaticalization of German light verb constructions (LVCs) withkommen‘come’. LVCs are complex predicates consisting of a semantically light verb and an eventive noun realized within a phrasal complement, e.g. Germanzur Vollendung kommen, lit. ‘come into completion’. We assume that (at least) two different processes interact in the emergence of LVCs: the desemanticization of the verb on the one hand and the realization of eventive nouns in the complement-PP of the verb on the other. In order to check whether these processes take place in parallel or if one precedes the other, we conduct a corpus study based on samples from the Reference Corpus of Middle High German (REM) and the Bonn Early New High German Corpus (FnhdC), focusing on the animacy and concreteness of the subject NPs and the PP-internal nouns. Our results indicate that we can first observe an increase in the use of abstract nouns in subject position and that only later – from Middle High German to Early New High German – eventive nouns in PP-internal position become more frequent.
MALAT1 promotes malignant pleural mesothelioma by sponging miR-141-3p
Authors: Wang Pei , Bai Cuiwei , Shen Shasha , Jiang Chang , Deng Jie , Han Dan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the role of lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in proliferation, migration, and invasion of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells. The quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of MALAT1 in MPM cell lines. The effects of MALAT1 and miR-141-3p on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MPM cells were studied through a series of in vitro cellular experiments. The flow cytometry was utilized to detect the cell apoptosis. The dual‐luciferase reporter assay was employed to explore the binding relationship among MALAT1, miR-141-3p, and YES-associated protein 1 (YAP1). MALAT1 was overexpressed in MPM cell lines, while its knockdown significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and increased the number of MPM cells in the G0/G1 phase. In addition, MALAT1 could directly bind to miR-141-3p and inhibit its expression. YAP1 has been identified as a downstream target of miR-141-3p, and its expression level was inhibited by miR-141-3p. MALAT1 can be used as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate the YAP1-Hippo signaling pathway through miR-141-3p, promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MPM cells, and provide a new target for the therapy of MPM.
Topological protection of continuous frequency entangled biphoton states
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Ding Yizhou , Xi Chaoxiang , He Guangqiang , Jiang Chun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Topological quantum optics that manipulates the topological protection of quantum states has attracted special interests in recent years. Here we demonstrate valley photonic crystals implementing topologically protected transport of the continuous frequency entangled biphoton states. We numerically simulate the nonlinear four-wave mixing interaction of topological valley kink states propagating along the interface between two valley photonic crystals. We theoretically clarify that the signal and idler photons generated from the four-wave mixing interaction are continuous frequency entangled. The numerical simulation results imply that the entangled biphoton states are robust against the sharp bends and scattering, giving clear evidence of topological protection of entangled photon pairs. Our proposal paves a concrete way to perform topological protection of entangled quantum states operating at telecommunication wavelengths.
“Civilization” in History and Ideology Since 1800
Authors: Manning Patrick 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The term “civilization,” articulated in eighteenth century Europe, has been widely used in many languages from the nineteenth century to the present. It refers both to widespread societies governed by powerful states in modern times and to prestigious urban and monumental civilizations of ancient times. This essay explores the history of the concept of civilization through science, ideology, and schooling. Scientific exploration of civilization was an implementation of emerging studies in social science. Ideological statement of social priorities appropriated civilization, especially in the era of expanding capitalism, empire, and white supremacy. In the school systems set up around the world, the term “civilization” was included in the curriculum both to explain ancient heritage and the comparison of modern great powers, religious faiths, and cultural practices. Weaknesses in the concept of civilization are becoming apparent as knowledge expands. New factors to consider include the significance of the end of empire; increased attention to network dynamics as well as hierarchies; comparisons of biological equality and social inequality; the roles of commoners and local scales; the rise of global social and institutional structures; shifting balances of societies and regions; and more attention to the historical role of schooling and science.
Evaluation of pulp and paper making properties of Caesalpinia decapetela
Authors: Asrat Tesema Hailu , Bachheti Rakesh Kumar , Getachew Mesfin , Abate Limenew 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The world demand for paper has been increased due to the increasing population Therefore, to cop up the limited wood fiber resources introducing raw material in pulp and paper industries is necessary. The aims of this study to evaluate the pulp and paper-making properties of Caesalpinia decapetela based on proximate chemical composition, fiber morphology, pulping, bleaching, and physical test of the final product. The results proximate chemical analysis showed that C. decapetela has holocellulose content of 78.14±0.1 % and lignin content 18.0±0.04 %. Fiber morphology revealed that the fibers were 0.708 mm long, 18.63 μm width, and have 5.1 μm cell wall thicknesses. Kraft pulping of C. decapetale, was performed at different active alkali (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % and 25 %) and temperature (150, 160 and 170 °C), keeping the sulphidity 25 % constant. The pulp maximum yield 44.1 % was obtained at active alkali content of 15 %, temperature 160 °C, and cooking time 90 minutes. The effect of pulping on fiber morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy which showed the surface of fiber before pulping was tight, orderly arranged and the texture was relatively hard. After pulping, there was the removal of lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. Due to this fiber become soft loosened and contain micro-pores. Pulp produced was bleached, sheet preparation and testing were performed. The prepared paper sheets have a tensile index of 28.19 Nm/gm, burst index of

1.359

kPa

m

2

/
gm

1.359\hspace{0.1667em}\text{kPa}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{m}^{2}}/\text{gm}

, and tear indices of

4.2

mN

m

2

/
gm

4.2\hspace{0.1667em}\text{mN}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{m}^{2}}/\text{gm}

. This study concluded C. decapetale can be the new raw material for pulp and paper making industries. However, pilot plant studies are required to check this raw material for the full recommendation of the pulp and paper industries.