bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sox100B is required in the ovary peritoneal muscle sheath development in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Melendez Ashley , Biteau Benoit 
Published: June 2021

The transcription factor Sox100B is known to have a function in embryonic gonads differentiation and testis development. Drosophila as a model organism enabled the identification of expression patterns of Sox100B in ovaries to establish its role in proper ovarian development and function. Previous results from our lab showed that a decrease in the transcription of the Sox100B gene is associated with reduced fertility and mild defect in ovarian muscle sheath morphology. Additionally, Sox100B is expressed in the apical cells, which are the muscle cell progenitors. These results suggest that Sox100B plays an active role in the ovary muscle by regulating ovarian muscle sheath development during morphogenesis. Based on these experiments we hypothesize that Sox100B is required for the development of the ovarian muscle sheath. We approached this question by knocking down and overexpressing Sox100B using Heartless‐Gal4 (htlGal4), a driver used for studying targeted gene expression in the Drosophila wing heart and the ovary muscle. To acquire a complete understanding of the Sox100B function throughout morphogenesis, we observed ovaries of late larvae (LL3), young adults and mature adults. Experiments with Sox100B overexpression constructs proved to be fatal at embryonic stage, thus preventing the study of the ovarian phenotype in these flies. However, when we crossed the htlGal4 driver with RNAi lines for Sox100B, a significant decrease was observed in egg laying and pupariation assays. Eggs that were successfully fertilized survived to adulthood, suggesting oogenesis is not affected. We utilized immunohistochemistry (IHC) and confocal microscopy to examine adult ovaries from htlGal4>Sox100BRNAi and we observed an intact epithelial sheath but tearing of the peritoneal sheath. Based on these results we concluded that Sox100B is required for the peritoneal muscle sheath development and ovary function.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the National Institutes of Health under Award Number T34GM008419.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Effects of CLCN2 Knockout on Epileptic Absence Seizures
Authors: Naik Navin , Beenhakker Mark 
Published: June 2021

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder affecting about 1 percent of Americans. Epileptic seizures are caused by nerve cell activity in the brain and can vary from being nearly undetectable to long periods of shaking. Idiopathic generalized epilepsy includes a group of epileptic disorders that are believed to have a strong genetic basis. The seizures of interest here are petit mal seizures, or absence seizures. Absence epilepsy is one of the most common forms of childhood epilepsy. It is characterized by brief, frequent seizures and affects children from the ages of 4 to early adolescence. Absence seizures are also characterized by generalized spike‐and‐slow wave electrical discharges (SWD), which can be detected using electroencephalography (EEG). Due to the prevalence and comorbidities associated with absence epilepsy, it is important to study it further. Based on research published in a 2003 paper by Haug et al, we decided to examine the effects of a chloride channel gene CLCN2 in a mouse model. Data was collected via EEG recordings of mice over a 5‐day period. Two mouse models were used: wild‐type mice and CLCN2 knockout mice. EEG recordings were scored for spike‐and‐wave discharges to determine seizure occurrence. Due to time constraints, only limited data was obtained. This data confirmed the hypothesis that CLCN2 KO mice would have increased seizures. However, the insufficient data prevented us from creating a significant conclusion. Nevertheless, important procedural information was found to aid in future experiments.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Urethral Smooth Muscle Dysfunction in Middle‐aged Male Rats May Affect Micturition
Authors: Alexandre Eduardo Costa , de Oliveira Mariana G , Silva Fábio H , Calmasini Fabiano B , de Carvalho Hernandes F , Yoshimura Naoki , Antunes Edson 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVESEpidemiological studies have shown that age is the most important unmodifiable risk factor of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men. Much attention has been given to the involvement of the bladder and prostate in men's lower urinary system, however much less to the urethra. We raised the hypothesis that middle‐aged urethra smooth muscle (USM) impairment may exert a negative influence on lower urinary tract functioning. Here we aimed to evaluate the urethral main contractile and relaxant pathways through functional, biochemical, and molecular studies and their consequences to micturition.METHODSYoung (3.5‐month) and middle‐aged (10‐month) male Wistar rats were used (CEUA 4404‐1). USM was collected for functional, biochemical, and molecular assays. Urethral contractions were evaluated by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and phenylephrine (PE) and relaxations by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and glyceryl trinitrate (GTN). cGMP was measured and qRT‐PCR was conducted for different gene targets like NOS enzymes, sGCβ1, PDE5, MRP5, gp91phox, HIF1α, SOD1, and catalase. Anion superoxide, NO, collagen, and smooth‐muscle area were also measured and a cystometric analysis was performed.RESULTSContractile responses elicited by EFS (1–16 Hz) and PE were greater in USM for the middle‐aged group compared with the young group, an alteration that was accompanied by a decrease in NO‐induced USM relaxation by SNP and GTN. cGMP concentration was lower in the middle‐aged USM compared with the young group. In qRT‐PCR, up‐regulation of PDE5, MRP5, gp91phox, and HIF1α, associated with down‐regulation of sGCβ1, SOD1, and catalase were observed in middle‐aged USM. No differences of NOS enzymes expression were found. The anion superoxide and NO levels in the USM of middle‐aged rats were increased and decreased, respectively. This was accompanied by higher USM collagen and smooth muscle area. Middle‐aged rats showed an irregular micturition pattern characterized by significant increases of basal pressure, capacity, and compliance.CONCLUSIONSUSM dysfunction in middle‐aged rats due to the association with NO‐cGMP pathway impairment and oxidative stress may represent a detrimental factor to micturition and the start of bladder alterations observed in the elderly.Support or Funding InformationSource of funding: FAPESP (2017/04556‐4 and 2018/03625‐5)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Hematological status of newly‐calved cows with mineral metabolism disturbance
Authors: Plemyashov Kirill , Nikitin Georgiy , Nikitin Anastasiya , Kovalev Sergej , Trushkin Vyacheslav , Anipchenko Polina , Votinceva Aleksandra , Batrakov Aleksej 
Published: June 2021

In many livestock farms in Russia there is a problem of correct balancing rations by the major mineral elements. Mineral metabolism disturbance are accompanied by various pathologies from all body systems, including the reproduction function. Timely conducting clinical examination, including hematological examination of all groups of animals allows to prevent the development of negative conditions in the body of cows associated with impaired mineral metabolism. During 2018, 74 blood samples obtained from newly‐calved cows were investigated. All the animals had various signs of mineral failure ‐ lordosis of the lumbar spine, osteomalacia of the caudal vertebrae and the last pair of ribs, weakness of the ligaments of the finger joints. With biochemical research of serum determined that the concentration of total protein averaged 90.7 ± 5.9 g/l, albumin −27.3 ± 3.7 g/l, globulin −61.4 ± 3.2 g/l, which indicates hypoproteinemia with dysproteinemia, with the concentration urea increased to 9.5 ± 0.4 mmol/l. The alkaline phosphatase level in fresh cows was 122.1 ± 11.1 IU/l, AST activity was 130.8 ± 5.6 IU/l, and ALT −34.7 ± 3.9 IU/l. The concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood of the studied animals were quite high and amounted to 8.7 ± 0.3 mmol/l and 0.29 ± 0.06 mmol/l, accordingly, indicating a violation of lipid metabolism. Ca : P ratio in the cows' blood was disturbed and was often 2: 1.9. The amount of total calcium in the blood was at the level of 2.25 ± 0.03 mmol/l, and of phosphorus −2.09 ± 0.03 mmol/l. During the morphological research, it was determined that the number of red blood cells in cows was lower than the reference values and amounted to 4.3 ± 0.4 * 10^6 /μL, the hemoglobin concentration was 84.0 ± 4.8 g /l, anemia was observed in erythropenia and hypochromemia. Also, in cows with signs of impaired mineral metabolism in the postpartum period, a decrease in hematocrit to 29.0 ± 0.5% was observed. The number of white blood cells was within the reference values and was 9.7 ± 0.5 *10^9/l. In the analysis of leukograms, neutrophilia was identified with the appearance of young cell forms, which suggests a possible course of the inflammatory process. Thus, it can be concluded that carrying out timely medical examination of fresh animals in violation of mineral metabolism will allow to assess the prospects for further use of cows and, taking the necessary measures, to extend their productive longevity.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF A siRNA AGAINST ENDOTHELIN‐1 FOR THE TREATMENT OF PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN A MODEL INDUCED BY MONOCROTALINE IN RATS
Authors: Villafaña Santiago , Blancas Citlali Margarita 
Published: June 2021

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an orphan disease characterized by an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure greater than 25 mmHg, in which patients have a poor prognosis. Among the mechanisms involved in this pathology is endothelin‐1 which is a polypeptide of 21 amino acids that participate in the regulation of vascular tone, the increase of endothelin‐1 causes vascular resistance in the pulmonary arteries, which elevates pulmonary arterial pressure for this reason, the aim of this work is to design and synthesize a siRNA against endothelin‐1 to reduce the vascular resistance and cardiac hypertrophy associated with PAH. Male Wistar rats were administered with monocrotaline (60 mg/kg i.p.) to induce PAH. After four weeks, the ratio of RV/LV + S as an index of right ventricular hypertrophy, mean arterial pressure of the right ventricle, blood pressure and weight were determined. For the siRNA's design, we used Wizard v3.1, RNAfold and EMBOSS software programs, the selected sequences were synthesized by a MERMADE 8. The results showed a significantly increase in the ratio of RV/LV + S, mean arterial pressure of the right ventricle and a decrease in the weight compared with the controls while the bioinformatic analysis of the mRNA suggests that 519–541 and 951–968 regions are susceptible to degrade. For this reason, we suggest that the siRNA against endothelin‐1 could be a therapeutic option for the treatment of PAH.Support or Funding InformationGrants: Instituto Politécnico Nacional SIP‐20194983 and Comisión de Operación y Fomento de Actividades Académicas del IPN (COFAA)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Use of Recordings of Real Patients to Improve Clinical Integration of a First Year Medical Student Pulmonary Function Testing Laboratory
Authors: Sullivan Rebecca Petre , Zantah Massa , Patel Maulin , Fanrak Thomas , Garfield Jamie 
Published: June 2021

The Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University annually welcomes 200 students to the MD program. We aim to create an interactive and collaborative experience to promote deep levels of learning for large groups of students. The curriculum is being transitioned from a two‐pass to a single‐pass model (AY 2020–21) with early integration of the basic and clinical sciences.The pulmonary function testing (PFT) laboratory in a first year organ systems course has been redeveloped. Previously, the lab utilized Collins spirometers to allow students to gain experience recording and determining lung volumes and capacities and discussing concepts related to lung function testing and respiratory system mechanics. Advantages of the lab included visualization of the mechanics of the test, and hands‐on data collection and analysis. Disadvantages included frequent technical difficulties with aged spirometers and the lack of direct observation of abnormal lung mechanics, and therefore a disconnect to the pathophysiology learned in a subsequent course.Our goal was to address these issues while encouraging collaboration of basic science and clinical faculty, therefore better connecting physiology concepts with pathophysiologic mechanisms of disease. We redeveloped the lab to use the existing structure of calculations and discussion questions while adding the data and experiences of real patients from the Temple Lung Center who underwent modern pulmonary function testing. A patient with obstructive lung disease, a patient with restrictive lung disease, and a person with normal lung function, were recruited to participate in a video recording.In the session, the students watch a video which includes an explanation of the equipment, review of the procedure, and review of lung volumes/capacities previously learned in lecture format. The footage includes patients performing the lung function testing alongside real time flow‐volume loops and volume‐time graphs. The patients with abnormal lung function are introduced in vignette form with radiographic images. Students discuss each case with faculty and predict what they expect to observe with regards to lung volumes/capacities before watching the patients perform the tests. Students are then asked to use and apply real data collected from the patient in the video with normal lung function and complete discussion questions in their small groups (6/group).The reimagined PFT laboratory allows first year students the opportunity to apply basic science knowledge to real and relevant patient cases. This session allows students to achieve the learning objectives as per the APS Medical Curriculum Objectives Project (www.the‐aps.org/MedPhysObj).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Early prognostic capacity of serum lactate for severe postpartum hemorrhage (SPPH)
Authors: Kway Venance Basil , Reyther Roberto Arturo Castillo , Salgado Luis Andrés Domínguez , Tanguma Ricardo Espinosa , Moreno Úrsula Fabiola Medina , Moscoso Antonio Augusto Gordillo 
Published: June 2021

Introduction25% of maternal deaths worldwide are due to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)1. Tissue hypoperfusion causes anaerobic respiration and lactic acid production. Lactate measurement has shown prognostic utility in different clinical conditions as severe sepsis and polytrauma.ObjectiveTo Determine whether the concentration of serum lactate measured at the diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage indicates the development of severe hemorrhage.Material and MethodologyA prognostic cohort study was carried out including 30 patients in vaginal labor and cesarean section who presented bleeding ≥ 500 ml measured by gravimetric method. A venous blood sample was taken for analysis of serum lactate. Those with a total loss of ≥ 1500 ml at the end of labor were classified with severe bleeding. The relationship between serum lactate elevation and development of severe hemorrhage (SPPH) was analyzed by chi‐square and odds ratio was calculated. The best cut point was determined by Curve‐ROC, and its prognostic capacity was compared with the cut‐off point of 2.2 mmol/l as used in ATLS.ResultsThirty patients were analyzed. General average volume of bleeding: 1260 + 691 ml; in severe group was 1700 + 690 ml and 1100 + 224 ml in non‐severe, p = 0.0004. General average serum lactate: 2.68 + 1.8 mmol/l; in severe group 3.24 + 3 mmol/l vs non‐severe 2.28 + 0.54 mmol/l, p = 0.0120. The cut point that best differentiates the groups was 2.6 mmol/l, OR of 12.50 (1.34–116.8), p = 0.017; sensitivity: 0.71 (0.29–0.96); specificity 0.83 (0.52–0.98) and AUC = 0.74 for severe hemorrhage.ATLS cut point of 2.2 mmol/l had RR of 3.65 (0.57,23.37), OR 6.55 (0.68, 63.33, 0.077 sensibility of 0.92 (0.64, 1.00), specificity of 0.35 (0.14, 0.62) positive predictive value of. 1.43 (0.97, 2.10)Support or Funding InformationConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)

COMPARATIVE TABLE

Cut points
RR
OR
P VALOR
Sensibilidad
Especificidad
PPV

2.2
3.65 (0.57, 23.37)
6.55 (0.68, 63.33)
0.077
0.92 (0.64, 1.00)
0.35 (0.14, 0.62)
1.43 (0.97, 2.10)

2.6
5.50 (1.46, 20.71)
17.88 (2.73, 116.88)
<0.001***
0.85 (0.55, 0.98)
0.76 (0.50, 0.93)
3.60 (1.48, 8.74)

RR: RELATIVE RISK
OR: ODDS RATIO
PPV: POSITIVE PROGNOSTIC VALUE

This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Estrogen Promotes Resolution of Pneumonia via CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs
Authors: Xiong Ye , Palmer Tsvi , Wang Lan , Zhong Qiong , Benner Alison , Damico Rachel , D'Alessio Franco Rafael 
Published: June 2021

Pneumonia (PNA) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Current treatments for PNA are focused on the pathogens (e.g. vaccinations and antibiotics), but don't target excessive lung inflammation elicited by the host immune response; underscoring the need to identify additional therapeutic targets in PNA. Clinical and experimental evidence exists for sex differences in PNA outcomes and survival, with males having higher mortality. In contrast to studying early events (i.e., risk of infection and transmission), our work focuses on active immunoregulatory pathways that promote resolution of inflammation and lung repair with the ultimate goal to improve PNA‐ALI outcomes. Recognizing the critical role of Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in resolution of lung injury, we predict that improved PNA outcomes in females are the result of sex differences in Treg biology. We cultured Tregs and stimulated them with E2, our data showed exogenous estradiol (E2) promoted Treg suppressive phenotype and proliferation in vitro. We challenged male and female wild‐type mice with intratracheal Streptococcus pneumoniae to make murine model of PNA during early and resolution phases. Despite similar early lung injury, resolution was delayed in male mice compared to female while displaying increased lung CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs. To determine therapeutic effects of E2 on resolution, we rescued male mice 2 days after PNA with systemic administration of E2. Comparing with vehicle administrated mice, male mice after systemic administration of E2 had increased Tregs. The therapeutic effects of E2 were Treg‐dependent as Treg‐depleted (diphtheria toxin‐treated Foxp3DTR) mice did not resolve their injury in response to estrogen. Our results showed that estrogen augments Treg number and function to accelerate repair experimental PNA‐induced lung injury. Estrogen represents novel treatment for PNA by enhancing the host immune system.Support or Funding InformationR01 Franco D'AlessioThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The effect of whole body cooling on cognitive processing
Authors: Sawai Norie , Kobayashi Fumino , Kubo Hiroko , Nakata Hiroki , Shibasaki Manabu 
Published: June 2021

We previously demonstrated that heat stress reduced the peak amplitude of the P300 component of event‐related potentials (ERPs), but shortened or did not change the peak latencies of the P300 component and reaction time. Cold exposure is thought to decrease exercise or working performance, but the effect of body cooling on cognitive processing remains unknown. We hypothesized that whole‐body cooling decreases the peak amplitudes of the P300 component and delays its peak latencies. Fourteen healthy subjects, wearing a water‐perfused suit, performed somatosensory Go/No‐go paradigms twice (sessions 1 and 2) under two conditions (Cold and Control) on different days. Whole‐body cooling was achieved by circulating 20 °C water through the suit. Only session 2 under the Cold condition was performed during whole‐body cooling, while the other sessions were performed with circulating 34 °C water. Passive cold stress for 40 min decreased the mean skin temperature from 35.0 ± 0.5 °C (Session 1) to 30.4 ± 0.9 °C (Session 2), while the internal temperature (external canal temperature) was maintained. Passive cold stress delayed the peak latency of the Go‐P300 component on ERPs, while the reaction time did not change. The peak amplitudes of N140 and P300 on ERPs did not change. These results suggest that mild whole‐body cooling slows the nerve conduction velocity on higher cognitive functioning but does not change the amount of neural activity.Support or Funding InformationJSPS 18H03166This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Differential impact of severe familial hypercholesterolemia on regional skeletal muscle and organ blood flows during exercise: effects of PDE5 inhibition
Authors: Aragonez Christian G , de Beer Vincent J , Tharp Darla L , Bowles Douglas K , Laughlin M. Harold , Merkus Daphne , Duncker Dirk J , Bender Shawn B 
Published: June 2021

Swine with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) exhibit attenuated exercise‐induced systemic vasodilation that is restored by phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibition. Whether the impacts of FH and PDE5 inhibition to impair and restore, respectively, exercise‐induced vasodilation results from tissue‐specific or generalized effects remains unclear. Thus, we hypothesized that FH induces generalized impairment of skeletal muscle vasodilation that would be alleviated by PDE5 inhibition. Systemic vascular responses to exercise were assessed in chronically instrumented normal and FH swine before and after PDE5 inhibition with EMD360527. Skeletal muscle and organ blood flows and conductances were determined via the microsphere technique. As previously reported, versus normal swine, FH swine have pronounced elevation of total cholesterol and impaired exercise‐induced vasodilation that is restored by PDE5 inhibition. Blood flows to several, not all, skeletal muscle vascular beds were severely impaired by FH associated with reduced blood flow to many visceral organs. PDE5 inhibition differentially impacted skeletal muscle and organ blood flows in normal and FH swine. These data indicate that FH induces regional, not generalized, vasomotor dysfunction and that FH and normal swine exhibit unique tissue blood flow responses to PDE5 inhibition thereby adding to accumulating evidence of vascular bed‐specific dysfunction in co‐morbid conditions.Support or Funding InformationSupported by NIH (HL52490 to MHL, HL136386 to SBB), The Netherlands Cardio Vascular Research Initiative, an initiative with support of the Dutch Heart Foundation (CVON2014‐11, RECONNECT to DM and DJD), and the Department of Veterans Affairs BLR&D (CDA‐2 IK2 BX002030 to SBB).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.