bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seed mixtures of red fescue and colonial, creeping, or velvet bentgrass for pesticide‐free management of Nordic golf greens
Authors: Hesselsøe Karin Juul , Heltoft Pia , Espevig Tatsiana , Aamlid Trygve 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis research aimed to determine if creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) can be used as an alternative to colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.) in a mixture with red fescue [equal rates of Chewings fescue (Festuca rubra ssp. commutata Gaud.) and slender creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra ssp. littoralis [G. Mey.] Auquier)] on Nordic golf greens managed without pesticides. The two mixtures were compared in two experiments: Experiment 1 under the creeping bentgrass management regime (mowing height, 3 mm; fertilization, 15 g N m−2 yr−1) and Experiment 2 under the red fescue management regime (5 mm and 10 g N m−2 yr−1) at three sites during 2015–2018. A seed mixture of red fescue and velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina L.) was included in Experiment 2 only. The results showed that red fescue plus creeping bentgrass produced greens of equal turfgrass quality and with less Microdochium patch than red fescue plus colonial bentgrass under both regimes. In Experiment 2, red fescue plus velvet bentgrass resulted in higher turfgrass quality than the other mixtures but was more susceptible to Microdochium patch than red fescue plus creeping bentgrass. Tiller counts in the mixed plots at Landvik showed that red fescue was not outcompeted by bentgrass in any of the mixtures and that it was easier to manipulate the balance between red fescue and bentgrass in the mixture with creeping bentgrass than that with colonial bentgrass. More research should be put into optimal management, especially irrigation and thatch control, of mixed red fescue–bentgrass greens.
Design, synthesis, and characterization of oxadiazolopyrazine analogs with application as anticancer agents
Authors: Chen Wei‐Chia , Chen Chia‐Ling , Chang Tzu‐Ting , Hsieh Feng‐Chun , Chen Wei‐Sheng , Li Wen‐Shan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHere, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of a class of cell‐permeable indeno‐oxadiazolopyrazine analogs as the anticancer agents. A new and facile approach to the synthesis of substituted analogs of indeno‐oxadiazolopyrazine is illustrated. We find that the designed indeno‐oxadiazolopyrazines, 3, 4, 10, 11, 15, and 16, act as potent anticancer agents compared to camptothecin, topoisomerase I inhibitor. These observations suggest that the electron‐donating group (methoxy) at the C‐5, C‐6, and C‐8 positions or electron‐withdrawing group (fluoro) at the C‐6 and C‐7 positions on the A ring of indeno‐oxadiazolopyrazines is required for antiproliferative activities against MDA‐MB‐231, BT549, and MCF7 cell lines.
Peptide‐Induced Synthesis of Graphene‐Supported Au/Pt Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Biosensor Application
Authors: Liu Bin , He Peng , Kong Hao , Zhu Danzhu , Wei Gang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the self‐assembly behavior of peptides is crucial for the design and synthesis of functional peptide‐based nanomaterials for various applications. In this study, a bifunctional peptide molecule with a sequence of KIIIIKYWYAF is designed, which reveals multiple functions for self‐assembling formation of peptide nanofibers (PNFs), noncovalent graphene oxide (GO) binding, and biomimetic metallization of nanoparticles (NPs). Well‐defined PNFs are obtained through the optimization of experimental conditions, which are further utilized to bind with GO to form GO/PNF nanohybrids via noncovalent interactions. Ascribed to the biomimetic function of peptide molecules, bimetallic gold‐platinum NPs (Au‐Pt NPs) are created along the PNFs by metallic ion adsorption and subsequent chemical reduction. The synthesized GO/PNF/Au‐Pt nanohybrids reveal improved electrochemical activity compared to Au, Pt, and Au‐Pt NPs, indicating potential contributions of both GO and PNFs to the final electrochemical sensing performance of the GO/PNF/Au‐Pt‐based electrodes. The fabricated electrochemical non‐enzymatic biosensors exhibit a detection limit of 0.379 µm and linear detection ranges of 1 µm–1 mm and 1–20 mm. The current study provides a facile strategy for the creation of peptide‐based superstructures with multiple functions and will inspire the design and synthesis of graphene‐peptide based nanomaterials for biomedicine, tissue engineering, and bioanalysis applications.
Integration of an RF coil and commercial field camera for ultrahigh‐field MRI
Authors: Gilbert Kyle M. , Dubovan Paul I. , Gati Joseph S. , Menon Ravi S. , Baron Corey A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo develop an RF coil with an integrated commercial field camera for ultrahigh field (7T) neuroimaging. The RF coil would operate within a head‐only gradient coil and be subject to the corresponding design constraints. The RF coil can thereafter be used for subject‐specific correction of k‐space trajectories—notably in gradient‐sensitive sequences such as single‐shot spiral imaging.MethodsThe transmit and receive performance was evaluated before and after the integration of field probes, whereas field probes were evaluated when in an optimal configuration external to the coil and after their integration. Diffusion‐weighted EPI and single‐shot spiral acquisitions were employed to evaluate the efficacy of correcting higher order field perturbations and the consequent effect on image quality.ResultsField probes had a negligible effect on RF‐coil performance, including the transmit efficiency, transmit uniformity, and mean SNR over the brain. Modest reductions in field‐probe signal lifetimes were observed, caused primarily by nonidealities in the gradient and shim fields of the head‐only gradient coil at the probe positions. The field‐monitoring system could correct up to second‐order field perturbations in single‐shot spiral imaging.ConclusionThe integrated RF coil and field camera was capable of concurrent‐field monitoring within a 7T head‐only scanner and facilitated the subsequent correction of k‐space trajectories during spiral imaging.
Microsimulation projections of obesity interventions on cardiometabolic health disparities in the United States
Authors: Richardson Andrea S. , Zutshi Rushil , Nguyen PhuongGiang , Tysinger Bryan , Sturm Roland 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to estimate long‐term impacts of health education interventions on cardiometabolic health disparities.MethodsThe model simulates how health education implemented in the United States throughout 2019 to 2049 would lead to changes in adult BMI and consequent hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Health outcome changes by sex, racial/ethnic (non‐Hispanic White, non‐Hispanic Black, and Hispanic), and weight status (normal: 18.5 BMI < 25; overweight: 25 BMI < 30; and obesity: 30 BMI) subpopulations were compared under a scenario with and one without health education.ResultsBy 2049, the intervention would reduce average BMI of women with obesity to 27.7 kg/m2 (CI: 27.4‐27.9), which would be 2.9 kg/m2 lower than the expected average BMI without an intervention. Education campaigns would reduce type 2 diabetes prevalence, but it would remain highest among women with obesity at 27.7% (CI: 26.2%‐29.2%). The intervention would reduce hypertension prevalence among White women by 4.7 percentage points to 38.0% (CI: 36.4%‐39.7%). For Black women in the intervention, the 2049 hypertension prevalence would be 52.6% (CI: 50.7%‐54.5%). Results for men and women were similar.ConclusionsLong‐term health education campaigns can reduce obesity‐related disease. All population groups benefit, but they would not substantially narrow cardiometabolic health disparities.
SGLT inhibitors on weight and body mass: A meta‐analysis of 116 randomized‐controlled trials
Authors: Cheong Alex Jia Yang , Teo Yao Neng , Teo Yao Hao , Syn Nicholas L. , Ong How Ting , Ting Adriel Z. H. , Chia Alys Z. Q. , Chong Elliot Yeung , Chan Mark Y. , Lee Chi‐Hang , Lim Amanda Yuan Ling , Kong William K. F. , Wong Raymond C. C. , Chai Ping , Sia Ching‐Hui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveMultiple trials have demonstrated the metabolic effects of sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients regardless of diabetes status, and recent trials have been conducted on the combined sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 and sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT1/SGLT2) inhibitors. Therefore, a meta‐analysis was conducted to investigate the weight reduction effects and dose‐response relationship of SGLT inhibitors and to assess the relative efficacy of SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitors.MethodsFour electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus) were searched on November 21, 2020, for articles published from January 1, 2000, up to November 21, 2020.ResultsIn total, 116 randomized‐controlled trials were included, with a combined cohort of 98,497 patients. Overall, patients had a mean weight reduction of −1.79 kg (95% CI: −1.93 to −1.66, p < 0.001) compared with placebo. This effect was observed across diabetes status, duration of follow‐up, various comorbidities, and all SGLT drug types. Mean BMI changes were −0.71 kg/m2 (95% CI: −0.94 to −0.47, p < 0.001) compared with placebo. Canagliflozin, empagliflozin, sotagliflozin, and licogliflozin showed a dose‐response relationship for mean weight change. Compared with SGLT2 inhibitors, SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitors had a significantly larger reduction in weight.ConclusionsSGLT inhibitors demonstrated weight reduction benefits in this meta‐analysis. Further studies are needed to clarify their role in weight management.
Combining data assimilation and machine learning to estimate parameters of a convective‐scale model
Authors: Legler S. , Janjić T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractErrors in the representation of clouds in convection‐permitting numerical weather prediction models can be introduced by different sources. These can be the forcing and boundary conditions, the representation of orography, the accuracy of the numerical schemes determining the evolution of humidity and temperature, but large contributions are due to the parametrization of microphysics and the parametrization of processes in the surface and boundary layers. These schemes typically contain several tunable parameters that are either not physical or only crudely known, leading to model errors. Traditionally, the numerical values of these model parameters are chosen by manual model tuning. More objectively, they can be estimated from observations by the augmented state approach during the data assimilation. Alternatively, in this work, we look at the problem of parameter estimation through an artificial intelligence lens by training two types of artificial neural network (ANN) to estimate several parameters of the one‐dimensional modified shallow‐water model as a function of the observations or analysis of the atmospheric state. Through perfect model experiments we show that Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) and Bayesian approximations of point estimate neural networks (NNs) are able to estimate model parameters and their relevant statistics. The estimation of parameters combined with data assimilation for the state decreases the initial state errors even when assimilating sparse and noisy observations. The sensitivity to the number of ensemble members, observation coverage and neural network size is shown. Additionally, we use the method of layer‐wise relevance propagation to gain insight into how the ANNs are learning and discover that they naturally select only a few grid points that are subject to strong winds and rain to make their predictions of chosen parameters.
Robust event‐triggered consensus tracking control of high‐order uncertain nonlinear systems
Authors: Yang Zi‐Jiang , Takei Daichi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work considers the problem of distributed event‐triggered consensus tracking control of multiple high‐order uncertain nonlinear systems on a connected graph where the leader's reference information is sent to only a portion of the followers. The communication among the agents and the local control update are performed based on different event‐triggering mechanisms which possess different triggering conditions and work independently. To facilitate consensus tracking control design, in each follower agent of the network, a group of distributed and cascaded estimators is constructed for estimating the reference trajectory and its high‐order derivatives by event‐triggered information exchange among the local neighbors on the communication graph. Theoretical analysis shows that the estimation errors of the reference states decay within a very short time to the neighborhood of the origin and that the Zeno behavior is excluded. Then by utilizing the estimated reference states, in each agent, a local event‐triggered robust controller including a nonlinear robustifying term with a state signal dependent gain is proposed. The triggering condition is derived by taking the time‐varying control gain into account, and the tracking performance of the local controller is rigorously analyzed. Furthermore, it is shown that the Zeno behavior is also excluded. Finally, simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the performance of the reference estimators and that of the consensus tracking controllers.
On warped string vacuum profiles and cosmologies. Part I. Supersymmetric strings
Authors: Mourad J. , Sagnotti A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigate in detail solutions of supergravity that involve warped products of flat geometries of the typeMp+1× R × TD−p−2depending on a single coordinate. In the absence of fluxes, the solutions include flat space and Kasner-like vacua that break all supersymmetries. In the presence of a symmetric flux, there are three families of solutions that are characterized by a pair of boundaries and have a singularity at one of them, the origin. The first family comprises supersymmetric vacua, which capture a universal limiting behavior at the origin. The first and second families also contain non-supersymmetric solutions whose behavior at the other boundary, which can lie at a finite or infinite distance, is captured by the no-flux solutions. The solutions of the third family have a second boundary at a finite distance where they approach again the supersymmetric backgrounds. These vacua exhibit a variety of interesting scenarios, which include compactifications on finite intervals andp+ 1-dimensional effective theories where the string coupling has an upper bound. We also build corresponding cosmologies, and in some of them the string coupling can be finite throughout the evolution.
Changes in left atrial function in patients undergoing cardioversion for atrial fibrillation: relevance of left atrial strain in heart failure
Authors: von Roeder Maximilian , Blazek Stephan , Rommel Karl-Philipp , Kresoja Karl-Patrik , Gioia Guglielmo , Mentzel Luise , Lurz Julia Anna , Besler Christian , Fengler Karl , Hindricks Gerhard , Desch Steffen , Thiele Holger , Lurz Philipp 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Left atrial (LA) reservoir strain provides prognostic information in patients with and without heart failure (HF), but might be altered by atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of the current study was to investigate changes of LA deformation in patients undergoing cardioversion (CV) for first-time diagnosis of AF.

Methods and results
We performed 3D-echocardiography and strain analysis before CV (Baseline), after 25 ± 10 days (FU-1) and after 190 ± 20 days (FU-2). LA volumes, reservoir, conduit and active function were measured. In total, 51 patients were included of whom 35 were in SR at FU-1 (12 HF and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)), while 16 had ongoing recurrence of AF (9 HFpEF). LA maximum volume was unaffected by cardioversion (Baseline vs. FU-2: 41 ± 11 vs 40 ± 10 ml/m2; p = 0.85). Restored SR led to a significant increase in LA reservoir strain (Baseline vs FU-1: 12.9 ± 6.8 vs 24.6 ± 9.4, p < 0.0001), mediated by restored LA active strain (SR group Baseline vs. FU-1: 0 ± 0 vs. 12.3 ± 5.3%, p < 0.0001), while LA conduit strain remained unchanged (Baseline vs. FU-1: 12.9 ± 6.8 vs 13.1 ± 6.2, p = 0.78). Age-controlled LA active strain remained the only significant predictor of LA reservoir strain on multivariable analysis (β 1.2, CI 1.04–1.4, p < 0.0001). HFpEF patients exhibited a significant increase in LA active (8.2 ± 4.3 vs 12.2 ± 6.6%, p = 0.004) and reservoir strain (18.3 ± 5.7 vs. 22.8 ± 8.8, p = 0.04) between FU-1 and FU-2, associated with improved LV filling (r = 0.77, p = 0.005).

Conclusion
Reestablished SR improves LA reservoir strain by restoring LA active strain. Despite prolonged atrial stunning following CV, preserved SR might be of hemodynamic and prognostic benefit in HFpEF.

Graphical abstract
Dual-enhancement and dual-tag design for SERS-based sandwich immunoassays: evaluation of a metal–metal effect in 3D architecture
Authors: Wiercigroch Ewelina , Swit Pawel , Brzozka Agnieszka , Pięta Łukasz , Malek Kamilla 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe design of a sandwich-type SERS immunoassay (surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy) is demonstrated operating in dual surface enhancement and dual-tag paradigm. The capture and detection antibodies are linked to two SERS-active substrates and form together the three-dimensional (3D) structure after specific binding to interleukin 6. A variety of metal combinations is tested (Au–Ag, Au–Au, and Ag–Ag), but an enhanced electromagnetic field is generated only due to coupling of Ag and Au nanoparticles with an Au hexagonal nanoarray. The amplified in that way Raman signals improve the limit of detection over 3 times in comparison to the assay with only one SERS-active substrate. It is also shown that the proper readout of the true-positive signal can be achieved in assays with two Raman tags, and this approach also improves LOD. For the optimal combination of the metal–metal junction and Raman tags, a linear relationship between the Raman signal and the concentration of IL-6 is obtained in the range 0–1000 pg⋅mL−1with LOD of 25.2 pg mL−1and RSD < 10%. The presented proof-of-concept of the SERS immunoassay with the dual-enhancement and dual-tag opens additional opportunities for engineering reliable SERS biosensing.Graphical abstract
Seismic inversion with deep learning
Authors: Pintea Silvia L. , Sharma Siddharth , Vossepoel Femke C. , van Gemert Jan C. , Loog Marco , Verschuur Dirk J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article investigates bypassing the inversion steps involved in a standard litho-type classification pipeline and performing the litho-type classification directly from imaged seismic data. We consider a set of deep learning methods that map the seismic data directly into litho-type classes, trained on two variants of synthetic seismic data: (i) one in which we image the seismic data using a local Radon transform to obtain angle gathers, (ii) and another in which we start from the subsurface-offset gathers, based on correlations over the seismic data. Our results indicate that this single-step approach provides a faster alternative to the established pipeline while being convincingly accurate. We observe that adding the background model as input to the deep network optimization is essential in correctly categorizing litho-types. Also, starting from the angle gathers obtained by imaging in the Radon domain is more informative than using the subsurface offset gathers as input.
Myofascial Tissue and Depression
Authors: Michalak Johannes , Aranmolate Lanre , Bonn Antonia , Grandin Karen , Schleip Robert , Schmiedtke Jaqueline , Quassowsky Svenja , Teismann Tobias 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The myofascial system plays a fundamental role in the mechanics of the body, in body tension regulation and the etiology of pathological states like chronic pain. Moreover, it contains contractile elements and preliminary evidence suggests that its properties are linked to psychological factors. The aim of the present research was to investigate characteristics of the myofascial tissue in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and to examine whether the state of the myofascial tissue causally affects pathopsychological processes in MDD.

Methods
In Study 1, stiffness and elasticity of the myofascial tissue of 40 inpatients suffering from MDD measured with a tissue compliance meter were compared with those of 40 matched never-depressed participants. In Study 2, 69 MDD patients were randomly assigned to single-session self-myofascial release intervention (SMRI) or a placebo intervention. Effects on memory bias and affect were investigated.

Results
Results showed that MDD patients displayed heightened stiffness and reduced elasticity of the myofascial tissue and that patients in the SMRI group showed a reduced negative memory bias and more positive affect compared to patients in the placebo condition.

Conclusions
The preliminary results of our studies indicate that the myofascial tissue might be part of a dysfunctional body-mind dynamic that maintains MDD.
Organisational forms of science communication: the UK and Spanish European higher education systems as paradigms
Authors: Ojeda-Romano Gabriela , Fernández-Marcial Viviana , Wilkinson Clare , Stengler A. Erik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs key elements in research and development systems, higher education institutions have been taking a leading role when it comes to communicating science and technology, but their performance has been inconsistent so far. In this critical and comparative study of the UK public engagement model and the Spanish scientific culture model, eighteen practitioners from higher education institutions across both regions were interviewed. A mixed qualitative data analysis has been performed identifying similarities and differences that unravelled the science communication management model in the two different higher education systems. This article provides evidence on how the institutionalisation of science communication is strongly influenced by key driving forces in the higher education context as well as the policies of administrations and other agents.
Synergistic effect of sorption and photocatalysis on the degree of dye removal in single and multicomponent systems on ZnO-SnO2
Authors: Długosz Olga , Staroń Anita , Brzoza Paulina , Banach Marcin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe paper presents the photodegradation process of one-, two- and three-component dye mixtures by ZnO-SnO2 nanoparticles. After 60 min of running the processes, the dye removal efficiencies of 76.44, 72.69, 62.43, 77.00 and 92.46% for MB, RB, TB, MO and YQ degradation, respectively, were obtained. For binary and ternary systems, dye removal efficiencies for all cases exceeded 70%. When the binary and ternary dye mixtures were tested, the photodegradation efficiencies of ZnO-SnO2 were similar to those of the single mixtures, indicating that this material could be used in industrial applications in the future. The focus of the study was to investigate the effect of sorption on photodegradation efficiency and the presence of both cationic and anionic dyes on their degradation efficiency under UV light. The significance of the effect of sorption on the degradation efficiency allowing the interaction of the catalyst with the dyes removed was confirmed. The main factor influencing sorption and consequently photocatalysis was the nature of the dye. It was confirmed that the positively charged ZnO-SnO2 surface effectively sorbs the dyes and causes their degradation.