bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the biochemical basis of host specificity of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum on citrus fruit
Authors: Droby Samir , Gottwald Tim R. , Stange Richard , Lewinsohn Efraim , McCollum T. Gregory 
Published: December 2021

l. This research demonstrates that citrus fruit volatiles play an important role in host recognition by P. digitatum and P. italicum. 2. Volatiles derived from non-host fruits and vegetables (apple, pear, tomato, pepper, strawberry and avocado) had no effect on promotion of spore germination and growth of citrus pathogens. 3. Citrus volatiles have a specific stimulatory effect solely on P. digitatum and P. italicum. Non-citrus pathogens such as P. expansum and B. cinerea not affected orinhibited by the volatile materials. The specific stimulatory effect of fruit peelvolatiles on citrus pathogens and inhibitory effect on non-pathogens indicateimport ant role of volatile compounds in the host selectivity of citrus postharvestpathogens. 4. Comparative CG-MS quantification was per formed and identification of volatileconstituents of citrus commercial oils, peel extracts and the headspace of thewounded fruits was completed. Monoterpenehydrocarbons (limonene, a-pinene,sabinene, and myrcene) were the most abundant in all volatiles regardless of thesource. 5. Our results demonstrated stimulation of germination and germ tube growth in both P. digitatum and P. italicum by limonene, myrcene, a-pinene, and b-pinene). Limonenewas show n to be the most efficient in induction of germination and growth in bothpathogens. 6. P. digitatum spores placed on the surface of lemon fruit, adjacent to a wounded oil gland, were induced to germinate and grow, thus supporting all the in vitro results and demonstrating that the phenomenon of stimulation of germination and growth occurs on the fruit. 7. We established that P. digitatum is capable of biotransformation of limonene to a terpineol. a-terpinel was proved to be involved in induction of fungal sporulation process. 8. Chemotropism (directional growth) of P. digitatum towards the volatiles released from the oil glands on fruit surface was demonstrated. 9. Citrus germplasm screening work for fruit susceptibility/resistance for P. digitatum infection showed no definitive results regarding host range and susceptibility.Although the sour orange selections appear to show higher resistance to infection and decay development. 10. We demonstrated that P. expansum, non citrus pathogen, is capable of germinating in citrus fruit surface wounds, but it strongly induced host resistance mechanisms which restrict it growth and prevented decay development. The host (citrus fruit) reacted strongly by production of ROS. On the other hand, P. digitatum seems to actively suppress host natural resistance mechanisms possibly through inhibiting the production of ROS production.
Molecular and Anatomical Characterization of Sweetpotato Storage Root Formation
Authors: LaBonte Don , Pressman Etan , Firon Nurit , Villordon Arthur 
Published: December 2021

Original objectives: Anatomical study of storage root initiation and formation. Induction of storage root formation. Isolation and characterization of genes involved in storage root formation. During the normal course of storage root development. Following stress-induced storage root formation. Background:Sweetpotato is a high value vegetable crop in Israel and the U.S. and acreage is expanding in both countries and the research herein represents an important backstop to improving quality, consistency, and yield. This research has two broad objectives, both relating to sweetpotato storage root formation. The first objective is to understand storage root inductive conditions and describe the anatomical and physiological stages of storage root development. Sweetpotato is propagated through vine cuttings. These vine cuttings form adventitious roots, from pre-formed primordiae, at each node underground and it is these small adventitious roots which serve as initials for storage and fibrous (non-storage) “feeder” roots. What perplexes producers is the tremendous variability in storage roots produced from plant to plant. The marketable root number may vary from none to five per plant. What has intrigued us is the dearth of research on sweetpotato during the early growth period which we hypothesize has a tremendous impact on ultimate consistency and yield. The second objective is to identify genes that change the root physiology towards either a fleshy storage root or a fibrous “feeder” root. Understanding which genes affect the ultimate outcome is central to our research. Major conclusions: For objective one, we have determined that the majority of adventitious roots that are initiated within 5-7 days after transplanting possess the anatomical features associated with storage root initiation and account for 86 % of storage root count at 65 days after transplanting. These data underscore the importance of optimizing the growing environment during the critical storage root initiation period. Water deprivation during this phenological stage led to substantial reduction in storage root number and yield as determined through growth chamber, greenhouse, and field experiments. Morphological characterization of adventitious roots showed adjustments in root system architecture, expressed as lateral root count and density, in response to water deprivation. For objective two, we generated a transcriptome of storage and lignified (non-storage) adventitious roots. This transcriptome database consists of 55,296 contigs and contains data as regards to differential expression between initiating and lignified adventitious roots. The molecular data provide evidence that a key regulatory mechanism in storage root initiation involves the switch between lignin biosynthesis and cell division and starch accumulation. We extended this research to identify genes upregulated in adventitious roots under drought stress. A subset of these genes was expressed in salt stressed plants.
Втрата стійкості і форма можливого вигину напрямних каналів тепловидільних збірок ядерних реакторів ВВЕР-1000
Authors: Yefimov A. , Maksymov M. , Romashov Yu. 
Published: December 2021

Визначено критичні стискні сили і відповідні їм форми можливого вигину напрямних каналів тепловидільних збірок ядерних реакторів
ВВЕР-1000 через втрату стійкості в період експлуатації. Отримані значення критичних стискних сил показують, що форма вигнутого через втрату стійкості напрямного каналу може містити кілька точок перегину, наслідком чого може бути збільшення часу падіння кластерів поглинаючих елементів до низу активної зони реактора і порушення, таким чином, нормальних умов експлуатації реактора.
Динаміка зміни концентрації радіоактивних аерозолів під час вилучення паливовміщуючих матеріалів з об’єкта «Укриття»
Authors: Batii V. , Sizov A. , Fedorchenko D. , Kholodiuk A. 
Published: December 2021

Проведено аналіз динаміки зміни концентрації радіоактивних аерозолів під час вилучення паливовміщуючих матеріалів (ПВМ) та інших радіоактивних відходів з об’єкта «Укриття» з урахуванням системи вентиляції нового безпечного конфайнменту (НБК). Показано, що в разі вилучення за зміну двох контейнерів з ПВМ об’ємом 3 м3 критерій нормальної експлуатації НБК не перевищуватиметься. В умовах суттєвої інтенсифікації роботи потрібно вживати додаткових заходів протирадіаційного захисту (пилопригнічення тощо).
Verbal Extensions and Valency in Limbum
Authors: Ndamsah Gratiana Linyor 
Published: December 2021

The objective of this paper is to examine the extent to which verbal extensions in Limbum affect valency. Limbum is a Grassfield Bantu language of the Northern group, spoken by the population who occupy a greater part of the Nkambe plateau in Donga-Mantung Division of the North West Region of Cameroon Binan Bikoi (ed) (2012). To attain my set objective, I carry out an analysis of those affixes (in the case of Limbum, they are suffixes), which are usually attached to verbs and the effect the addition of these suffixes has on the number of arguments in the sentence. Some of these suffixes have a valency decreasing effect, while some have a valency increasing effect on the verbs. The orientation of the discussions here centres on the description of the morpho-syntactic structure of the Limbum verb. In this regard, the analysis herein draws inspiration from the theory of Valency as proposed by Tesnière in 1959 and his followers and the Structuralist Framework as propounded by De Saussure and his disciples who hold that linguistic unit: words, phrases and sentences are perceived as a concatenation of smaller units which hold a close relationship between them. The structure of the Limbum sentence containing verbal extensions that express aspectual meanings have three consequences on the number of arguments that the verb takes: the discussions here show that, while the morphemes -ri, -Si, and -se marking the attenuative, the pluractional, and the distributive aspects respectively have no effect on the number of arguments taken by the verb to which they are suffixed, the causative morpheme -si, has a valency increasing effect on the verb to which it is affixed. In the same light, the reciprocative -ni, the separative -ti and the iterative -Nger, when suffixed to a verb, have the tendency of increasing the number of arguments that the verb takes. In a bid to clarify the structural cartography of verbal extensions in Limbum, the last part of this paper is dedicated to a presentation of some suffixes like -ri and -si, which has, with the evolution of the language, fossilized with the verb root to the extent that they have become an integral part of the verb in a way that they cannot be detached from each other. Conclusively, the paper shows that verbal extensions in Limbum are, for the most part, suffixal morphemes. While some of these suffixes have no effect on the number of arguments the verb subcategorizes for, some have a valency decreasing effect on the verb while others, on the other hand, have a valency increasing effect. Others have outrightly merged with the verb root.
ANALISIS KONSUMSI ARUS LISTRIK PADA MOBIL MULTI PURPOSE VEHICLE
Authors: Firdaus Hendra , Rustendi Endang , Herdiana Ade 
Published: December 2021

Mobil tidak terbatas hanya pada mesin, namun juga berhubungan dengan sistem kelistrikan untuk menjalankan fungsinya. Listrik diperlukan untuk proses pembakaran yang terdapat pada mobil. Untuk menyimpan sumber energi listrik diperlukan Accu. Arus yang berasal dari Accu yaitu arus searah atau arus DC (Alternating Current) tegangan 12 Volt. Fungsi Accu antara lain; Pada saat mesin mati, Accu berfungsi sebagai sumber tenaga listrik yang berfungsi untuk menghidupkan sistem kelistrikan yang ada pada kendaraan, misalnya lampu sein (lampu tanda belok), klakson (horn), indikator yang ada pada dashboard, lampu kota, lampu kepala dan lain sebagainya. Pada saat mesin masih belum hidup, Accu merupakan sumber tenaga listrik satu-satunya yang digunakan, karena pada saat ini altenator pada kendaraan belum berfungsi. Pada saat melakukan starter menggunakan elektrik starter, baterai juga merupakan satu-satunya sumber listrik yang digunakan untuk menghidupkan atau menjalankan motor starter. Pada saat mesin sudah hidup, maka altenator pada kendaraan sudah berfungsi, sehingga baterai sudah tidak lagi menjadi sumber utama penyedia energi listrik. Namun pada saat mesin hidup baterai masih memiliki fungsi yaitu sebagai penstabil tegangan dari alternator. Mengingat kerja altenator kurang stabil dan bergantung dengan putaran altenator, walaupun pada alternator sudah dilengkapi dengan regulator namun masih memerlukan baterai sebagai penstabil tegangan, tegangan tersebut dialirkan ke sistem kelistrikan yang ada pada kendaraan. Di Indonesia mobil yang jumlah penumpang rata-rata mampu memuat 6 sampai 7 penumpang, adalah jenis MPV merupakan singkatan dari Multi Purpose Vehicle. Penelitian dilakukan pada salah satu jenis mobil MVP yaitu mobil merk Avanza. Sumber listrik utama yang dipakai pada mobil Toyota Avanza yaitu Accu 12 Volt 32 Ah. Dari hasil pengukuran dan perhitungan pada kelistrikan mobil dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa dengan sumber listrik utama Accu 12V/32Ah mampu memberi kebutuhan Arus Listrik ke semua beban dengan total arus 102,5 A selama 0,31h sebelum Accu kosong kembali
Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm (SPN) of the Pancreas: A 7-year Study in A Tertiary Level Teaching Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Mehdi Ashik , Asaduzzaman - 
Published: December 2021

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas, also referred to as Frantz's tumour, is a rare tumour and represents 1-3% of all pancreatic tumours, which typically affects young women without significant clinical symptoms. This cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical Un iversity (BSMMU) between January 2009 and December 2015. A total of nineteen cases of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of pancreas were detected in patients and included in this study. In all the patients the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology after the surgery. Tumours were nodular, cystic or solid-cystic, often encapsulated. Some of them were received as irregular fragmented pieces, as intact removal was not possible. Cut surfaces were partly grey-white and partly tan-brown with cystic degeneration. Areas of necrosis and hemorrhage were present in all the specimens.The age range was of 14-45 years (mean age 26.9±3.7 years) (Table-I). Among the tumours, 18 were found in female patients, while only 1 was from male patient. In all the cases, preoperative imaging contributed to diagnosis of an abdominal mass in the patients. 11 of these were reported as pancreatic mass, while 3 as pancreatic cystic mass, 2 as retroperitoneal mass, 2 as mesenteric mass and only 1 as adrenal mass. Tumour-size ranged from 6 to 19 cm (mean size 9.3±1.5 cm). 7 tumours were solid and cystic in nature, while 8 were solid and 4 were only cystic. Complete capsule was found in 17 specimens. Calcifications were found in only 5 specimens. Surgical resection was found generally curative. In our study, absence of metastasis suggests that these tumours hardly show aggressive clinical behaviour. However, follow-up is important to observe potential local recurrence and metastasis.
CBMJ 2020 July: Vol. 09 No. 02 P: 34-38
Coinfection of Mycobacterial diseases
Authors: Das Pankaj Kumar , Mia Md Rajibe , Alam Md Shafiul , Sharmeen Atia , Islam Md Shahidul 
Published: December 2021

Although both mycobacterial infections are endemic in developing countries, the coinfection has hardly been reported in the last decade. The combined National TB & Leprosy Control Programme of Bangladesh came into effect in 1994. Though the Elimination of Leprosy (<1 case / 10,000 population) was achieved nationally in 1998, Bangladesh is still endemic for Tuberculosis. A 10 years cohort study was conducted in six districts of the Northern part of Bangladesh, covered by the Damien Foundation. This cohort consisted of a total of 4,788 leprosy cases registered from 2007 to 2016. Reviewing the records of all these cases, 25 (0.52%) patients were identified as having coinfection with Tuberculosis & Leprosy. All cases were coinfected with smear positive pulmonary TB. This study concludes that duel infection with mycobacteria is uncommon. Early diagnosis is very important for better outcomes of both diseases.
CBMJ 2020 July: Vol. 09 No. 02 P: 39-41
Room-Temperature Synthesis of Ni and Pt-Co Alloy Nanoparticles Using a Microreactor
Authors: Watanabe Satoshi , Koshiyama Tomohiro , Watanabe Takeshi , Miyahara Minoru T. 
Published: December 2021

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) are key materials used in a broad range of industries. Among the various synthetic routes of NPs, liquid-phase chemical reactions are promising because of their versatility in reaction conditions as well as their potential productivity. However, because the synthesis of NPs involves not only chemical reactions but also nucleation and growth processes, which are typically higher-order reactions in terms of the concentration, a small degree of nonuniformity in the concentration during mixing of reaction solutions can easily result in a wide size distribution of the resultant particles. A typical solution to this problem is to slow the rate of reactions compared with that of mixing; however, as a result, the synthetic processes often require long reaction periods and complex procedures. In this study, we applied a microreactor with excellent mixing performance to NP synthesis to simplify and intensify the processes. We synthesized nickel and platinum-cobalt alloy NPs as model materials. For the Ni NP synthesis, we demonstrated that the quick mixing provided by the microreactor enabled the precise control of the residence time, and consequently, monodispersed Ni NPs with an average size of 3.8 nm were synthesized. For the Pt-Co bimetallic system, the microreactor successfully produced Pt-Co alloy NPs, while batch-type synthesis with weaker mixing intensity resulted in a bimodal mixture of larger Pt NPs and smaller Co NPs. For both Ni and Pt-Co, monodispersed NPs were synthesized by simply mixing the reaction solutions in the microreactor at room temperature. These results demonstrate that the mixing process plays a key role in NP synthesis, and application of a microreactor enables the establishment of a facile and robust synthetic process.
New Method to Estimate Central Systolic Blood Pressure From Peripheral Pressure: A Proof of Concept and Validation Study
Authors: Chemla Denis , Millasseau Sandrine , Hamzaoui Olfa , Teboul Jean-Louis , Monnet Xavier , Michard Frédéric , Jozwiak Mathieu 
Published: December 2021

Objective: The non-invasive estimation of central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) is increasingly performed using new devices based on various pulse acquisition techniques and mathematical analyses. These devices are most often calibrated assuming that mean (MBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP are essentially unchanged when pressure wave travels from aorta to peripheral artery, an assumption which is evidence-based. We tested a new empirical formula for the direct central blood pressure estimation of cSBP using MBP and DBP only (DCBP = MBP2/DBP).Methods and Results: First, we performed a post-hoc analysis of our prospective invasive high-fidelity aortic pressure database (n = 139, age 49 ± 12 years, 78% men). The cSBP was 146.0 ± 31.1 mmHg. The error between aortic DCBP and cSBP was −0.9 ± 7.4 mmHg, and there was no bias across the cSBP range (82.5–204.0 mmHg). Second, we analyzed 64 patients from two studies of the literature in whom invasive high-fidelity pressures were simultaneously obtained in the aorta and brachial artery. The weighed mean error between brachial DCBP and cSBP was 1.1 mmHg. Finally, 30 intensive care unit patients equipped with fluid-filled catheter in the radial artery were prospectively studied. The cSBP (115.7 ± 18.2 mmHg) was estimated by carotid tonometry. The error between radial DCBP and cSBP was −0.4 ± 5.8 mmHg, and there was no bias across the range.Conclusion: Our study shows that cSBP could be reliably estimated from MBP and DBP only, provided BP measurement errors are minimized. DCBP may have implications for assessing cardiovascular risk associated with cSBP on large BP databases, a point that deserves further studies.
Ultraearly Hematoma Growth in Acute Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Predicts Early and Long-Term Poor Clinical Outcomes: A Prospective, Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Wen-Juan , Lu Jing-Jing , Liu Li-Ping , Jia Jiao-Kun , Zhao Xing-Quan 
Published: December 2021

Aims: Although prognostic importance of ultraearly hematoma growth (uHG) in acute, non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has been established for early outcomes, longer-term clinical outcomes are lacking. We aimed to determine the association of uHG with early and 1-year clinical outcomes after acute ICH in a larger and broader range of patients.Methods: We studied 589 patients with acute (&lt;6 h) spontaneous ICH. uHG was defined as baseline ICH volume/onset-to-imaging time (OIT) (ml/h). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association of uHG with in-hospital mortality, 90-day, and 1-year poor outcome [3 ≤ modified Rankin Scale (mRS)] after ICH.Results: The median speed of uHG was 4.8 ml/h. uHG &gt; 9.3 ml/h was independently related to in-hospital mortality [odds ratio (OR) 2.81, 95% CI 1.52–5.23], 90-day poor outcome (OR 3.34, 95% CI 1.87–5.95), and 1-year poor outcome (OR 3.59, 95% CI 2.01–6.40) after ICH. The sensitivity of uHG &gt; 9.3 ml/h in the prediction of in-hospital mortality, 90-day poor outcome, and 1-year poor outcome was 68.8, 48.0, and 51.1%, respectively.Conclusions: Ultraearly hematoma growth was a useful predictor of in-hospital mortality, 90-day, and 1-year poor outcome after acute ICH. The combination of both uHG and baseline ICH volume could allow better selection of patients with ICH at high risk of poorest clinical outcomes for future clinical trials to improve early- and long-term clinical outcomes.
Evaluating the Effects of 5-Hz Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation With and Without Wrist-Ankle Acupuncture on Improving Spasticity and Motor Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Jiamin , Chen Cen , Zhu Shenyu , Niu Xiulian , Yu Xidan , Ren Jie , Shen Min 
Published: December 2021

Objective: The goal of this study is to explore the effect of wrist-ankle acupuncture combined with 5-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on improving spastic state and motor function of children with spastic cerebral palsy by measuring electrophysiological parameters and behaviors.Methods: Twenty-five children with spastic cerebral palsy were enrolled in a single-blind and randomized controlled trial. The control group received 20 sessions of 5-Hz rTMS over the affected hemisphere with 1,000 pulses. The experimental group was given wrist-ankle acupuncture on the basis of the control group. Gross motor function measure (GMFM-66), muscle tension, and electrophysiological parameters of the two groups were assessed at baseline and after intervention.Results: After treatment, the GMFM-66 scores in the same groups were significantly improved (p &lt; 0.001). Besides, the R-value of soleus, gastrocnemius, and hamstring muscle decreased (p &lt; 0.05), and the results showed a trend of shortening MEP latency, increasing amplitude and duration (p &lt; 0.05). Compared to the controlled group, the experimental group displayed more excellent changes in the GMFM-66 scores and motor evoked potential (MEP) latency. The statistical results showed that the increase of GMFM-66 score and the shortening of MEP latency in the experimental group were greater than that in the control group (p &lt; 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the assessment of muscle tension, amplitude, and duration of MEPs between two groups (p &gt; 0.05).Conclusion: Wrist-ankle acupuncture combined with 5-Hz rTMS is optimal to improve gross motor function and enhance the conductivity of corticospinal tract in children with cerebral palsy but cannot highlight its clinical superiority in improving spasticity.Clinical Trial Registration: [http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx], identifier [chictr2000039495].