bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude, perception, and preventative practices towards COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review
Authors: Nwagbara Ugochinyere Ijeoma , Osual Emmanuella Chinonso , Chireshe Rumbidzai , Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi , Saeed Balsam Qubais , Khuzwayo Nelisiwe , Hlongwana Khumbulani W. 
Published: April 2021

Background
Knowledge, attitudes, perception, and preventative practices regarding coronavirus- 2019 (COVID-19) are crucial in its prevention and control. Several studies have noted that the majority of people in sub-Saharan African are noncompliant with proposed health and safety measures recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and respective country health departments. In most sub-Saharan African countries, noncompliance is attributable to ignorance and misinformation, thereby raising questions about people’s knowledge, attitudes, perception, and practices towards COVID-19 in these settings. This situation is particularly of concern for governments and public health experts. Thus, this scoping review is aimed at mapping evidence on the knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and preventive practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Methods
Systematic searches of relevant articles were performed using databases such as the EBSCOhost, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, the WHO library and grey literature. Arksey and O’Malley’s framework guided the study. The risk of bias for included primary studies was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT). NVIVO version 10 was used to analyse the data and a thematic content analysis was used to present the review’s narrative account.

Results
A total of 3037 eligible studies were identified after the database search. Only 28 studies met the inclusion criteria after full article screening and were included for data extraction. Studies included populations from the following SSA countries: Ethiopia, Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, Rwanda, Ghana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, and Sierra Leone. All the included studies showed evidence of knowledge related to COVID-19. Eleven studies showed that participants had a positive attitude towards COVID-19, and fifteen studies showed that participants had good practices towards COVID-19.

Conclusions
Most of the participants had adequate knowledge related to COVID-19. Despite adequate knowledge, the attitude was not always positive, thereby necessitating further education to convey the importance of forming a positive attitude and continuous preventive practice towards reducing contraction and transmission of COVID‐19.
Investigation of interactional phenomena and multi wave solutions of the quantum hydrodynamic Zakharov–Kuznetsov model
Authors: El-Rashidy Khaled , Seadawy Aly R. , Althobaiti Saad , Makhlouf M. M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The symbolic computation with the ansatz function and the logarithmic transformation method are used to obtain a formula for certain exact solutions of the

(

3
+
1

)

\left(3+1)

Zakharov–Kuznetsov (Z–K) equation. We use homoclinic breather, three waves method, and double exponential. There is a conflict of results with considerably known results, which indicates the solutions found in this study are new. By selecting appropriate parameter values, 3d representations are plotted to establish W-shaped, multi-peak, and kinky breathers solutions.
Ultramarine pigments
Authors: Pfaff Gerhard 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ultramarine pigments are representatives of the inorganic blue pigments. They are characterized by intensive shades of blue and relatively weak violet and pink color tones. The composition of the pigments can be summarized by the formula Na7Al6Si6O24S3. The color of ultramarine is generated by incorporation of free polysulfide radicals in the structure of a sodalite-derived crystal lattice. Ultramarine pigments are synthesized using a series of complex solid-state reactions. The pigments are mainly used in plastics, paints and powder coatings and printing inks, but also in paper and paper coatings.
Feasibility of Standardizing Pre-operative Assessment Clinics Across a Hospital System
Authors: Brown Megan , Leveille Cameron , Paraiso Jean Paul , Nykolaychuk David , Law Madelyn 
Published: April 2021

Pre-operative assessments, which include patient history and physical examination, are fundamental in ensuring patient education about their procedure, and leads to successful post-operative outcomes. Within Niagara Health (NH), there are three main hospital sites where operations occur. Currently, there is inconsistency in the pre-operative assessments between sites for the same surgical procedures, demonstrated by variation in pre-operative assessment times, activities, and information given to patients. The aim of this project is to understand where standardization through quality improvement (QI) initiatives should begin within these pre-operative assessment clinics and determine the feasibility of standardization across varying hospital sites. To achieve this aim, Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) cycles were conducted and involved structured observations at each site to gain a comprehensive understanding of pre-operative practices across sites. Root cause analysis found moderate correlation at two sites and strong correlation at one site between patient age and consult time. Affinity analysis determined that the most pragmatic and feasible area for improvement was through standardization of admission history forms. While the piloting of a new standardized form showed no significant increase in consult times, fundamental barriers such as nursing staff turnover, lack of familiarity with the new form, and concerns of comprehensiveness prevented the continuation of this new standardized form. Future attempts at standardization should begin with collaboration and co-design with pre-op clinic staff, followed by identification of elements of the complex adaptive system that can feasibly be standardized to reduce unnecessary variation while at the same time increasing buy-in for form use.
Massive obscure GI bleeding from Idiopathic Jejunal varices identified using single balloon enteroscopy
Authors: Harris Natasha , Rostom Alaa , Moloo Husein 
Published: April 2021

Background: Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding from idiopathic small bowel varices is both a diagnostic and management challenge for physicians. There are very few cases reported in the literature and there is no consensus on management recommendations.
Aims: To present the case of a 34-year-old male patient with bleeding from idiopathic jejunal varices and to review similar cases in the literature.
Methods: A case of idiopathic jejunal varices is reported. A literature review was conducted and a total of 24 articles describing idiopathic small bowel varices were identified.
Results: Case Report: A 34-year-old gentleman was referred for worsening obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia. Anterograde single balloon enteroscopy revealed several petechial like lesions that were not classic for angiodysplasia. These lesions were initially treated with argon plasma coagulation and clipped, which did not resolve the patient’s persistent anemia. No venous abnormalities were identified on computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast. The patient underwent an endoscopically assisted exploratory laparoscopy that was converted to a laparotomy upon finding of grossly abnormal distal jejunum. Dilated and tortuous varicosities were identified involving approximately 150 cm of small bowel. It was decided to resect the 40 cm segment of jejunum in which varices were visible endoscopically. There was no evidence of thrombosis in the resected specimen. The patient suffered a pulmonary embolism post-operatively, believed to be provoked by the surgery. The patient has had no re-bleeding 12 months post-resection.
Literature Review: Both familial and non-familial accounts of small bowel varices in the absence of a primary cause have been reported in the literature. When supportive therapy is insufficient, the most common treatment modality chosen is surgical resection. Select cases have also demonstrated that sclerotherapy and varix dissection can be used for to treat these lesions.
Conclusions: Idiopathic small bowel varices pose both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for physicians. In the literature, several treatment modalities have been shown to be successful; these include surgical resection, varix dissection and sclerotherapy. There is no consensus on the preferred treatment strategy. This report demonstrates endoscopically assisted surgical resection as a viable management strategy for bleeding of idiopathic small bowel varices, an uncommon cause of occult GI bleeding.
Indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract managed conservatively with corticosteroids
Authors: McKechnie Tyler , Yousuf Haroon , Somerton Stephen 
Published: April 2021

An 82-year-old female presented with a 4-week history of abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhea, and nausea. A complete infectious workup was negative. Her computed tomography (CT) scan showed no pathologic changes and her esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed erosive damage in the duodenum. Her duodenal biopsy showed inflammation with a marked increase in intra-epithelial lymphocytes and her immunohistochemistry was consistent with indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. She was started on high dose steroids three months after the onset of her symptoms. She gradually improved with complete resolution of erosive changes on her repeat EGD.
Behavioral and Neuronal Representation of Numerosity Zero in the Crow
Authors: Kirschhock Maximilian E. , Ditz Helen M. , Nieder Andreas 
Published: April 2021

Different species of animals can discriminate numerosity, the countable number of objects in a set. The representations of countable numerosities have been deciphered down to the level of single neurons. However, despite its importance for human number theory, a special numerical quantity, the empty set (numerosity zero), has remained largely unexplored. We explored the behavioral and neuronal representation of the empty set in carrion crows. Crows were trained to discriminate small numerosities including the empty set. Performance data showed a numerical distance effect for the empty set in one crow, suggesting that the empty set and countable numerosities are represented along the crows' “mental number line.” Single-cell recordings in the endbrain region nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL) showed a considerable proportion of NCL neurons tuned to the preferred numerosity zero. As evidenced by neuronal distance and size effects, NCL neurons integrated the empty set in the neural number line. A subsequent neuronal population analysis using a statistical classifier approach showed that the neuronal numerical representations were predictive of the crows' success in the task. These behavioral and neuronal data suggests that the conception of the empty set as a cognitive precursor of a zero-like number concept is not an exclusive property of the cerebral cortex of primates. Zero as a quantitative category cannot only be implemented in the layered neocortex of primates, but also in the anatomically distinct endbrain circuitries of birds that evolved based on convergent evolution.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe conception of “nothing” as number “zero” is celebrated as one of the greatest achievements in mathematics. To explore whether precursors of zero-like concepts can be found in vertebrates with a cerebrum that anatomically differs starkly from our primate brain, we investigated this in carrion crows. We show that crows can grasp the empty set as a null numerical quantity that is mentally represented next to number one. Moreover, we show that single neurons in an associative avian cerebral region specifically respond to the empty set and show the same physiological characteristics as for countable quantities. This suggests that zero as a quantitative category can also be implemented in the anatomically distinct endbrain circuitries of birds that evolved based on convergent evolution.
Понятійний апарат і методи історичної антропології як сучасної філософії історії
Authors: Айтов C. 
Published: April 2021

Дослiджено складну проблематику виникнення i сутності понятійного апарату й сукупності дослідницьких методів історичної антропології як сучасної фiлософії icторії. Методологiя даної праці заснована на реалізації принципів комплементарностi, структурностi, дiалогiчностi. У студії зазначеної проблематики були залучені методи філософської герменевтики, системно-структурний, мiждисциплiнарний.
Понятійний апарат історичної антропології як сучасної філософії історії розуміється як інтелектуальний фундамент пізнавальної структури, що створює теоретичну систему координат для аналізу і досліджень людського виміру історичного розвитку і концептуальних досягнень науки про минуле та застосування отриманих у процесі дослідження згаданого проблемного поля когнітивних підходів і знань задля розуміння проблем сучасних соціокультурних процесів і їх потенціальних альтернатив у майбутньому.
Визначальні риси методологічного підґрунтя історично-антропологічного горизонту сучасної філософії історії відрізняються переважним застосуванням низки загальнонаукових, окремонаукових та метатеоретичних методів. Так, серед загальнонаукових найбільш впливовими для її розвитку є методи розуміння, ідеалізації і теоретичний. Найбільш ефективними для історичної антропології у складі окремонаукових методів виявляються методи історичний, реконструкції та міждисциплінарний.
Високий когнітивний статус наведених вище загальнонаукових і окремонаукових методів зумовлений особливостями актуальних дослідницьких завдань історичної антропології, аналізом ментальної і соціокультурної площини динаміки минулого. Залучення метатеоретичних методів викликано орієнтацією історичної антропології як сучасної філософії історії на осмислення складної проблематики теоретичних студій глибинних психологічно-культурних основ суспільно-гуманітарного горизонту минулого та їх впливу на сучасну соціокультурну динаміку.
Серед перспектив продовження студiй у проблемному полi цiєї роботи можна вказати на аналiз понять і дослідницьких методів, важливих для аналізу ментально-культурної площини сучасних теорій динаміки глобалiзацiї. Досить важливим є також вплив на створення теоретичної системи координат подальших студій в інтелектуальному універсумі історично-антропологічного горизонту сучасної фiлософiї icторiї.
Formation and development of main-line electric locomotive engineering in independed Ukraine (1991 – 2008)
Authors: Ruban М. , Baka B. 
Published: April 2021

The Ukrainian transport engineering industry has a deep historical tradition that goes back to the activities of the Odesa railway workshops and the establishment of specialized locomotives in Kharkiv and Lugansk. The electric locomotives industry in Ukraine is represented by the products of the Dnipro plant, which for a long time produced electric locomotives of a purely industrial purpose. In the early 1990s, to upgrade the locomotive fleet of Ukrainian railways in the absence of foreign exchange funds for the purchase of traction rolling stock abroad, the management of Ukrzaliznytsia, together with the line ministries, decided to provide the organization of the main-line electric locomotives based on the Dnipro plant.
During the implementation of the state program of mainline electric locomotives construction, the Dnepropetrovsk plant developed, and subsequently implemented, projects of a freight DC electric locomotive DE1, an AC cargo and passenger electric locomotive DS3, and also based on DS3 began technical research on a two-system electric locomotive with an asynchronous drive DS4.
The Dnipro electric locomotive engineering plant, with its powerful scientific and production potential and clear development strategy, carried out the development and created the next generation's main electric locomotives to meet the needs of Ukrainian railways with modern electric transport. Unfortunately, due to the traditional lack of funding and lobbying on the part of Russian machine-building enterprises, the Dnieper electric locomotives have not become the main locomotives of Ukrainian railways. Unfortunately, due to the economic-financial crisis of 2008, all the prospective achievements of the said enterprise were virtually offset and the plant itself was in a difficult position. However, it is clear that the historical experience of becoming a Ukrainian scientific and production base of railway engineering needs to be properly considered.
The proposed study does not deplete the raised problem in the field of the Dnipro electric locomotive plant`s activities, but only provides a general analysis and factual basis for further, more detailed review of the maintenance and development of national railway engineering in independent Ukraine, leaving considerable space for further scientific research.
International scientific associations of the History of Science and Technology: formation and development (part III)
Authors: Lytvynko A. 
Published: April 2021

The activity of international organizations on the history and philosophy of science and technology is a remarkable phenomenon in the world scientific and sociocultural sphere. Such centers influence and contribute to the scientific communication of scientists from different countries and the comprehensive development of numerous aspects of the history and phylosiphy of science and technology, carry out scientific congresses. That is why the analysis of the acquired experience and the obtained results of these groups are important.
The history of the formation and development, task, structure, background and directions of the activities of some international organizations in the field of history and philosophy of science and technology, including The European Philosophy of Science Association (EPSA), The International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science (HOPOS), The International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP) and The International council for philosophy and human sciences (ICPHS) have been shown.
The European Philosophy of Science Association (EPSA) was established in 2007 to promote and advance the investigations and teaching the philosophy of science in Europe. EPSA edits the European Journal for Philosophy of Science (EJPS), which publishes articles in all areas of philosophy of science. The International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science (HOPOS) promotes serious, scholarly research on the history of the philosophy of science and gathers scholars who share an interest in promoting research on the history of the philosophy of science and related topics in the history of the natural and social sciences, logic, philosophy and mathematics. The scholarly journal HOPOS is published by University of Chicago Press.
The International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP) is the highest nongovernmental world organization for philosophy, whose members-societies represent every country where there is significant academic philosophy. It was established in Amsterdam in 1948. FISP’s first seat was located at the the Sorbonne in Paris. FISP includes approximately one hundred members. It does not include individual members, but only «societies» in a broad sense, that is, philosophical institutions of different kinds, such as associations, societies, institutes, centres and academies at national, regional and international levels. The International council for philosophy and human sciences (ICPHS) is a non-governmental organisation within UNESCO, which federates hundreds of different learned societies in the field of philosophy, human sciences and related subjects. It was conceived as the intermediary between UNESCO on one hand, and learned societies and national academies on the other. Its aim was to extend UNESCO's action in the domain of humanistic studies.
Категоріальний апарат архетипного підходу: соціально-філософський аспект
Authors: Макарова А. 
Published: April 2021

Розглянуто категорії та поняття, що складають методологічну основу сучасного філософського підходу до соціокультурних явищ – архетипного. Постульовано його цінність як методологічного інструменту аналізу соціальної реальності, наголошено на перспективності його використання у соціогуманітарній науці. Зосереджено увагу на широті його методологічної палітри, що зумовлено мультидисциплінарним потенціалом цього підходу. Висвітлено нюанси термінологічного дискурсу, що розгортаються в межах розробки положень аретипного підходу у сучасній гуманітарній науці в Україні, і не лише у філософській, а й у соціокультурологічній науці. Виокремлено завдання класифікації архетипів як базової ланки семантичного конструювання методологічного підходу. Як найбільш артикульоване, проаналізовано поняття «архетип»; наведено приклади, які використані дослідниками для віднесення того чи іншого архетипу до певної категорії, здійснено співставлення поняття «архетип» із категоріями, через які найчастіше деталізуються моделі архетипного аналізу. Серед категорій, з якими пов’язується архетип як методологічний конструкт, акцентовано поняття «символ», «міф», «образ («архетипний образ»), «архетипний смисл», «ідея», «концепт». «паттерн». Розкрито зміст деяких суперечливих моментів у масиві архетипного аналізу, пов’язаних із термінологічною невизначеністю.
Наприкінці здійснено огляд проблематики, в якій архетипний підхід виявляється плідним, особливий акцент зроблено на соціальних проблемах, пов’язаних із сферою аналізу діяльності та соціальних практик. Запропоновано критерії, за якими можна здійснити чіткіше розмежування поняття «архетип» та суміжних категорій архетипного підходу. Підкреслено значення архетипу як підґрунтя соціальної практики, висловлено припущення про соціальну природу психологічного архетипу із потенційним виходом у соціальну філософію, а не у культурологію чи етнопсихологію. На думку автора, саме цей аспект архетипного підходу потребує подальшого унормування, або віднесення «фігуративних» архетипів до образів (тоді увиразнюється роль символу), а до категорій архетипів слід віднести ті складові детермінації людської діяльності, які, будучи і досі «замкненими» у сфері антропології та теорії культури, не мають адекватного виходу у методологію соціальної філософії – сутнісні сили людини: «дух», «душа», «розум», «розсудок», «воля», «тіло».