bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of a siamese pumpkin and tuna-based powder (CHAGURO) diet in improving HbA1c, HDL-C, and chol/HDL ratios in prediabetes individuals with dyslipidemia: a randomised trial
Authors: Sudargo Toto , Prameswari Atika Anif , Aulia Bianda , Aristasari Tira , Ratri Fitria Aninda , Muslichah Rahadyana , Putri Sheila Rosmala 
Published: December 2021

Background: The study aimed to examine the effect of administering CHAGURO (a product of the combination of siamese pumpkin and tuna-based powder) on the lipid profile in prediabetes individuals with dyslipidemia. Methods: The experimental trial was conducted with two intervention groups, with each group receiving a dose of 7.5g/70kg body weight (BW)/day (low dose) and 15g/70kg BW/day (high dose) for 60 days. Respondents were randomized into intervention groups using simple randomization. Before and after the intervention, pre-test and post-test examinations were performed, factors examined included hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profile, blood pressure, eating intake with the SQ-FFQ (Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnaire) interview, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity using InternationalPhysical Activity Questionnaires-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). During the intervention, blood pressure and BMI data were taken before and after the study. Statistical analysis included descriptive tests, independent and paired T-tests, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Compared to the baseline, HbA1c, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides in the two groups did not improve significantly by 60 days. For lipid variables, a significant improvement in the cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (chol/HDL) ratios were observed when compared against the baseline for the two groups. When comparing the changes between groups, 7.5 g of CHAGURO showed a larger improvement in HDL-C (mean differences: 1.86 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.86-4.59), compared to 15 g of CHAGURO (mean differences: -3.62 mg/dL; 95% CI: -7.53-0.28). A significant (p<0.05) decrease in the chol/HDL ratio was observed in the 7.5 g CHAGURO group (mean differences: -0.20 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.39-(-0.01)). Conclusions: CHAGURO can be a functional food alternative to improve the condition of prediabetes people with dyslipidemia. Trial registration: Dr. Sardjito General Hospital (KE/FK/0951/EC/2020), 27/08/2020
The relationship between shared-decision making in contraceptive counseling and satisfaction in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Compton Sarah , Manu Adom , Maya Ernest , Morhe Emmanuel , Dalton Vanessa 
Published: December 2021

Background: Current use of modern methods of contraception remain low in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, including Ghana. One way to improve both satisfaction with and continuation of contraceptive usage is to increase the level of shared decision-making around method choice. In this study, we sought to evaluate the extent to which patients in urban Ghana experienced shared decision-making and if this was associated with method chosen, satisfaction, or continuation of the method at three-months post-visit. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal survey. Women were recruited when they were starting a new method of contraception and followed-up with at three-months post-initiation from five family planning clinics in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana. Participants were asked who made the decision about their method choice, the patient herself, the provider, or the patient and provider together. Our outcomes included measures of satisfaction and three months’ continuation. Results: Fifty-eight percent of our participants reported making the decision of which method to use themselves, and eighty percent reported being satisfied to be leaving with their chosen method. At three months, those who reported they engaged in shared decision-making were more likely to report they would choose the same method again (p=.003), a measure of satisfaction. Patients who reported they made the decision of which method to use (p=.002) and those who left with an injection or pill (p=.019) rated their provider less favorably, while participants who had used a method before (p=.024) and those who reported they received their method of choice (p=.000) rated their providers more favorably. Conclusions: Measured in multiple ways, women who made the decision of which method to use were less satisfied. These results show the importance of providers engaging with patients during the contraceptive decision-making process.
The Position of Leivu
Authors: Kallio Petri 
Published: December 2021

Leivu has generally been connected with Võro and especially its Hargla dialect. However, this classification has always been based on superficial synchronic similarities rather than a rigorous diachronic analysis. Instead, closer examination shows that Leivu is the earliest offshoot of South Estonian and that its similarities with Hargla Võro can better be explained by their geographical proximity.
Kokkuvõte. Petri Kallio: Leivu asend. Leivut on üldiselt ühendatud võro keelega ja eriti Hargla murrakuga. Paraku need klassifikatsioonid on alati tuginenud pindsete sünkroonsete sarnasuste arvestamisele, mitte rangele diakroonilisele analüüsile. Siinne lähem vaatlus näitab, et leivu on esimesena lahknenud lõunaeesti keeleühtsusest ning selle sarnasusi Hargla võro keelega saab seletada pigem geograafilise lähedusega.
Formation of Educational Independence of Primary Schoolchildren by Means of Project Tasks
Authors: Aksyuchic Svetlana , Panova A. 
Published: December 2021

The article reveals the essence of the concept of “educational independence”, which became a subject of study back in the 19th century. and
remains one of the most pressing problems of modern education. The main criteria for its formation have been determined. Approaches to the formation of educational independence in younger students are considered. The idea is substantiated that the project task is an effective means of developing the educational independence of students. Specific examples of assignments for solving design problems with the aim of developing educational independence of primary schoolchildren are given.
Problems Arising in the Course of Teaching Younger Schoolchildren with Different Levels of Academic Achievement, and Ways to Solve Them
Authors: Vinogradova Natalya 
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of a study carried out in the laboratory of primary general education of the Institute of Education Development
Strategy of the Russian Academy of Education, to determine the reasons for the difficulties that appear in younger schoolchildren in the process of mastering the content of elementary school subjects. Typical general didactic problems arising in the professional activity of a teacher and provoking mistakes and difficulties of the student are discussed. The groups of primary school students with different levels of success in educational activities are characterized, recommendations are given to the teacher on the organization of individually differentiated work, taking into account the level of success of each student.
Collective Classes in a Group of Different Ages Based on the Integration of the Content of Different Academic Subjects
Authors: Aristarhova O. , Dvoryankina Yu. , Osipova E. , Lebedincev V. 
Published: December 2021

The article proposes to consider the initial stage of the transition to such a form of training organization as collective classes in different-age
groups of younger schoolchildren according to the methodology developed by the talented teacher A.G. Rivin. They are held at the Moscow
secondary school named after Ivan Yarygin of the Krasnoyarsk region on the integrated content of academic subjects “Literary Reading”, “Fine Arts”, “Technology”. The specificity of the texts compiled by teachers for use in the process of paragraph-by-paragraph elaboration of the text using the technology of A.G. Rivina. Particular attention is paid to the issues of including first-graders (some of whom do not yet know how to read and write) in classes where younger schoolchildren of an older age participate. In this regard, multilevel algorithms of educational interaction are described. It highlights the difficulties that may arise with this form of training, as well as ways to overcome them.
Developing Essay Writing Skills in Elementary School
Authors: Ozhogina N. 
Published: December 2021

The article reveals approaches to solving the urgent problem of modern education - the formation of communicative activity in junior
schoolchildren. The most important role in this is assigned to a well-developed speech, the formation of which is successfully taking place in the process of teaching primary schoolchildren to write essays. The article presents interesting pedagogical techniques that contribute to the formation of the skills of productive statements in writing in younger schoolchildren: to draw up an essay plan, develop a creative idea, adhering to the logic of the narrative, and also improve the expressive, grammatical and stylistic aspects of speech.
Improving Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence Support: The Case for Targeted Behavioral Interventions
Authors: Boutilier Justin J. , Jónasson Jónas Oddur , Yoeli Erez 
Published: December 2021

Problem definition: Lack of patient adherence to treatment protocols is a main barrier to reducing the global disease burden of tuberculosis (TB). We study the operational design of a treatment adherence support (TAS) platform that requires patients to verify their treatment adherence on a daily basis. Academic/practical relevance: Experimental results on the effectiveness of TAS programs have been mixed; and rigorous research is needed on how to structure these motivational programs, particularly in resource-limited settings. Our analysis establishes that patient engagement can be increased by personal sponsor outreach and that patient behavior data can be used to identify at-risk patients for targeted outreach. Methodology: We partner with a TB TAS provider and use data from a completed randomized controlled trial. We use administrative variation in the timing of peer sponsor outreach to evaluate the impact of personal messages on subsequent patient verification behavior. We then develop a rolling-horizon machine learning (ML) framework to generate dynamic risk predictions for patients enrolled on the platform. Results: We find that, on average, sponsor outreach to patients increases the odds ratio of next-day treatment adherence verification by 35%. Furthermore, patients’ prior verification behavior can be used to accurately predict short-term (treatment adherence verification) and long-term (successful treatment completion) outcomes. These results allow the provider to target and implement behavioral interventions to at-risk patients. Managerial implications: Our results indicate that, compared with a benchmark policy, the TAS platform could reach the same number of at-risk patients with 6%–40% less capacity, or reach 2%–20% more at-risk patients with the same capacity, by using various ML-based prioritization policies that leverage patient engagement data. Personal sponsor outreach to all patients is likely to be very costly, so targeted TAS may substantially improve the cost-effectiveness of TAS programs. History: This paper has been accepted for the Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Special Section on Responsible Research in Operations Management. Funding: The authors are grateful for financial research support from the MIT Sloan Health Systems Initiative. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.1046 .
Molecular phylogeny of heritable symbionts and microbiota diversity analysis in phlebotominae sand flies and Culex nigripalpus from Colombia
Authors: Vivero-Gomez Rafael J. , Castañeda-Monsalve Víctor A. , Atencia María Claudia , Hoyos-Lopez Richard , Hurst Gregory D. , Cadavid-Restrepo Gloria , Moreno-Herrera Claudia Ximena 
Published: December 2021

Background
Secondary symbionts of insects include a range of bacteria and fungi that perform various functional roles on their hosts, such as fitness, tolerance to heat stress, susceptibility to insecticides and effects on reproduction. These endosymbionts could have the potential to shape microbial communites and high potential to develop strategies for mosquito-borne disease control.

Methodology/Principal findings
The relative frequency and molecular phylogeny of Wolbachia, Microsporidia and Cardinium were determined of phlebotomine sand flies and mosquitoes in two regions from Colombia. Illumina Miseq using the 16S rRNA gene as a biomarker was conducted to examine the microbiota. Different percentages of natural infection by Wolbachia, Cardinium, and Microsporidia in phlebotomines and mosquitoes were detected. Phylogenetic analysis of Wolbachia shows putative new strains of Lutzomyia gomezi (wLgom), Brumptomyia hamata (wBrham), and a putative new group associated with Culex nigripalpus (Cnig) from the Andean region, located in Supergroup A and Supergroup B, respectively. The sequences of Microsporidia were obtained of Pi. pia and Cx. nigripalpus, which are located on phylogeny in the IV clade (terrestrial origin). The Cardinium of Tr. triramula and Ps. shannoni were located in group C next to Culicoides sequences while Cardinium of Mi. cayennensis formed two putative new subgroups of Cardinium in group A. In total were obtained 550 bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and 189 taxa to the genus level. The microbiota profiles of Sand flies and mosquitoes showed mainly at the phylum level to Proteobacteria (67.6%), Firmicutes (17.9%) and Actinobacteria (7.4%). High percentages of relative abundance for Wolbachia (30%-83%) in Lu. gomezi, Ev. dubitans, Mi. micropyga, Br. hamata, and Cx. nigripalpus were found. ASVs assigned as Microsporidia were found in greater abundance in Pi. pia (23%) and Cx. nigripalpus (11%). An important finding is the detection of Rickettsia in Pi. pia (58,8%) and Bartonella sp. in Cx. nigripalpus.

Conclusions/Significance
We found that Wolbachia infection significantly decreased the alpha diversity and negatively impacts the number of taxa on sand flies and Culex nigripalpus. The Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) is consistent, which showed statistically significant differences (PERMANOVA, F = 2.4744; R2 = 0.18363; p-value = 0.007) between the microbiota of sand flies and mosquitoes depending on its origin, host and possibly for the abundance of some endosymbionts (Wolbachia, Rickettsia).
Leg length discrepancy: A systematic review on the validity and reliability of clinical assessments and imaging diagnostics used in clinical practice
Authors: Alfuth Martin , Fichter Patrick , Knicker Axel 
Published: December 2021

Background
A variety of assessments to determine leg length discrepancy (LLD) is used in clinical practice and evidence about validity and reliability may differ.

Objective
The objective of this systematic review was to identify and describe the validity and reliability of different assessments and imaging diagnostics for the determination of LLD.

Materials and methods
The review was conducted following the recommendations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The databases Medline (PubMed) and Index to Chiropractic Literature were systematically searched. Studies regarding clinical assessments and imaging diagnostics for the diagnosis of LLD, which reported the clinimetric properties for assessment of LLD, were included and screened for methodological quality using the Quality Assessment of Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy (QUADAS-2) tool for validity studies and the Quality Appraisal of Diagnostic Reliability (QAREL) tool for reliability studies.

Results
Thirty-seven articles on clinical assessments and 15 studies on imaging diagnostics met the eligibility criteria. Thirteen studies on the validity of clinical assessments and six studies on the validity of imaging diagnostics had a low risk of bias and low concerns regarding applicability for all domains. One study on the reliability of clinical assessments and one study on the reliability of imaging diagnostics had a low risk of bias. Main limitations were, that an analysis of sensitivity and specificity was only performed in a few studies and that a valid reference standard was lacking in numerous studies on clinical assessments.

Conclusions
For the clinical assessment of LLD, the block test appears to be the most useful method. Full-length standing anteroposterior radiography seems to be the most valid and reliable method and may be used as global reference standard to measure the anatomic LLD when comparing clinical methods and imaging diagnostics.
A record of Botrychium lanceolatum (S. G. Gmel.) Ångstr., a new species for the flora of the middle zone of European Russia from Kostroma Region
Authors: Krinitsyn Igor G. , Prilepsky Nikolay G. 
Published: December 2021

The article reports on a find of a new plant native to the flora of central European Russia – Botrychium lanceolatum (S. G. Gmel.) Ångstr., which was discovered during a survey of a 60-year-old clearcut in the course of floristic work on the territory of M. G. Sinitsyn “Kologrivskiy Les” State Nature Reserve (the Kostroma Region). Collection and determination were carried out by the author of the article I. G. Krinitsyn. For the Kostroma Region, the species was not indicated in any floristic checklist. Herbarium specimens of the aboveground part of the sporophyte are kept in the Herbarium of the Kostroma State University and the “Kologrivskiy Les” State Nature Reserve Herbarium, as well as transferred to the Herbarium of the Altai State University (ALTB). B. lanceolatum is a relict species of the forest zone of the Holarctic with a fragmented range mainly in the subarctic, northern temperate zone and in the mountains of the warm temperate zone of Eurasia and North America. In Russia, it is sporadically found in the forest zone from the Murmansk and Leningrad Regions to Kamchatka and Sakhalin, inclusively; it enters the Arctic on the Chukchi Peninsula. The species is rare throughout its range; the populations are represented by single individuals. It is included in many regional Red Data Books of the Russian Federation. B. lanceolatum became the fifth species of the Botrychiaceae Nakai family in the pteridoflora of the Kostroma Region (and the middle zone of European Russia as a whole). In the Kostroma Region, the species is located on the extreme southern border of the range in the middle zone of the European part of Russia. The population of B. lanceolatum at the time of the discovery was represented by 4 individuals in different ontogenetic states. The data on the new location and phytocenotic conditions of growth of the species are given; a brief morphological description and information on the dynamics of the population are presented.
Differentiation of forest vegetation across bioclimatic sector border (western part of the West Sayan Ridge)
Authors: Makunina Natalya I. , Pisarenko Olga Yu. 
Published: December 2021

A detailed description of the forests of the northern and southern macroslopes of western part of the West Sayan Ridge has been performed and differences in their forest vegetation have been analyzed.
Along the West Sayan Ridge watershed, the important botanical and geographical boundary of the Altai-Sayan Mountains occurs. Its northern macroslope belongs to the humid bioclimatic sector; bioclimatic conditions throughout the southern macroslope vary in its different parts: the central and eastern parts are resided in the semihumid sector, while the western one is settled in the «rain shadow», where vegetation is similar to the semiarid sector one. The West Sayan background vegetation type is forest.
The work is based on 120 complete geobotanical relevés made by the authors in 2019 using standard methods on test plots of 20 × 20 m. These plots had been uniformly distributed on a 300-kilometer transect crossing the northern and southern macroslopes of West Sayan’s western part. After all, 9 basic units of forest communities have been revealed, 6 of them are found to be altitudinal zone forests. These plant community positions in ecological-phytocenotic and floristic classification hierarchy have been ascertained. The altitudinal allocation and areas of altitudinal zone forests have been characterized and analyzed; the scheme of altitudinal zonation has been specified; the pictures in the text illustrate those results.
In West Sayan’s western part, the northern and southern macroslopes are shown to have different altitudinal zone boundary marks and a different set of forest communities: six types of forests follow each other from north to south throughout 300 km. The significant hierarchical level of syntaxonomic differences of altitudinal zone forests on northern and southern macroslopes supports the presence of a bioclimatic barrier. In ecological-phytocenotic classification hierarchy these differences are reflected by the rank of classes of formations (deciduous, dark coniferous, and light coniferous forests substitute each other); in floristic classification hierarchy – the rank of classes (the forests of Brachypodio–Betuletea, Asaro–Abitetea, Vaccinio–Piceetea, and Rhytidio–Laricetea substitute each other from north to south).
Associations Between Sleep Position and Nocturnal Gastroesophageal Reflux: A Study Using Concurrent Monitoring of Sleep Position and Esophageal pH and Impedance
Authors: Schuitenmaker Jeroen M. , van Dijk Mitch , Oude Nijhuis Renske A.B. , Smout André J.P.M. , Bredenoord Albert J. 
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spontaneous sleep positions on the occurrence of nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux.

METHODS:
In patients referred for ambulatory pH-impedance reflux monitoring, the concurrent sleep position was measured using a sleep position measurement device (measuring left, right, supine, and prone positions).

RESULTS:
Fifty-seven patients were included. We observed a significantly shorter acid exposure time in the left (median 0.0%, P25–P75, 0.0%–3.0%), compared with the right lateral position (median 1.2%, 0.0%–7.5%, P = 0.022) and the supine position (median 0.6%, 0.00%–8.3%, P = 0.022). The esophageal acid clearance time was significantly shorter in the left lateral decubitus position (median 35 seconds, 16–115 seconds), compared with the supine (median 76 seconds, 22–257 seconds, P = 0.030) and right lateral positions (median 90 seconds, 26–250 seconds, P = 0.002).

DISCUSSION:
The left lateral decubitus position is associated with significantly shorter nocturnal esophageal acid exposure time and faster esophageal acid clearance compared with the supine and right lateral decubitus positions (see visual abstract).