bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dyeing of cotton fabric materials with biogenic gold nanoparticles
Authors: Sivakavinesan M. , Vanaja M. , Annadurai G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present work aimed at synthesizing gold nanoparticles in a biological method employing fruit peel waste dumped in the environment. The peels of Garcinia mangostana (Mangostan), were collected from the nearby tourist spot during the season. The collected fruit peels were washed, dried, powder and extracted by using boiling water and acetone. The precipitated extract was dried and powdered for further use. The dried and powdered peel extract was added to the gold solution and boiled to 80 °C and the color change is observed. The color change indicates the completion of the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. The effect of pH, gold ion concentration, peel extract powder concentration, and the temperature was tested by varying the parameters. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized using the UV–Vis spectrophotometer to identify the surface plasmon resonance peaks corresponding to gold nanoparticles. The bio-moieties responsible for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles were identified using the Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy. The crystalline nature was detected by using an X-Ray Diffractometer. Atomic Force Microscope viewed the 3D surface image of the gold nanoparticle. The shape and morphology of the nanoparticle were identified by using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope. The active compounds for gold nanoparticle synthesis were identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The gold nanoparticle was synthesized in various colors and used for dyeing cotton fabrics. The dyed cotton materials were exposed to various stress conditions to determine the color fastening.
Association of hepatic steatosis derived from ultrasound and quantitative MRI with prediabetes in the general population
Authors: Naeem Muhammad , Bülow Robin , Schipf Sabine , Werner Nicole , Dörr Marcus , Lerch Markus M. , Kühn Jens-Peter , Rathmann Wolfgang , Nauck Matthias , Markus Marcello Ricardo Paulista , Ittermann Till , Völzke Henry 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of our study was to investigate the association of hepatic steatosis derived from quantitative ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with prediabetes in a large population-based study conducted in Northeast Germany. Hepatic steatosis was assessed through transabdominal ultrasound and quantitative MRI. For analysis we included 1622 subjects with MRI who participated in an oral glucose tolerance test and reported no known type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We classified participants as proposed by the American Diabetes Association: isolated impaired fasting glucose (i-IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT), combined IFG and IGT (IFG + IGT), and undiagnosed T2DM. Regression models were adjusted for age, sex body mass index and alcohol consumption. We observed positive associations of hepatic steatosis with glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose and insulin, 2-h glucose and insulin, as well as homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index. Similarly, individuals having hepatic steatosis as defined by MRI had a higher relative risk ratio (RR) to be in the prediabetes groups i-IFG (RR = 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2; 2.2), i-IGT (RR = 3.3, 95% CI 2.0; 5.6) and IFG + IGT (RR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.6; 3.9) or to have undiagnosed T2DM (RR = 4.8, 95% CI 2.6; 9.0). All associations were attenuated when defining hepatic steatosis by ultrasound. Hepatic steatosis is associated with prediabetes and undiagnosed T2DM in the general population. Quantitative liver MRI revealed stronger associations with prediabetes and undiagnosed T2DM compared to ultrasound, which indicates the higher sensitivity and specificity of MRI to determine hepatic steatosis.
The learning curve of the distal radial access for coronary intervention
Authors: Roh Ji Woong , Kim Yongcheol , Lee Oh-Hyun , Im Eui , Cho Deok-Kyu , Choi Donghoon , Jeong Myung Ho 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecently, coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) via the distal radial access (DRA), are gaining attention owing to fewer complications. Despite the advantages of the DRA, there is difficulty to initiate this new vascular approach. The data from 1000 patients who underwent CAG and PCI via the DRA by a single experienced radial operator were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome was the success rate of the DRA per 100 cases. Moreover, the predictors of the failed DRA were analyzed. Overall, 952 (95.2%) of the total 1,000 patients underwent a successful DRA. After experiencing 200 cases, the DRA success rate was well maintained at > 94%, and there was no difference in success rate per 100 cases (Ptrend = 0.216). The predictors of failure were female sex [odds ratio (OR) 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–3.39, P = 0.049] and systolic blood pressure (SBP) of < 120 mmHg (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.04–3.36, P = 0.036). For achieving a stable DRA with the success rate of > 94%, 200 procedures would be needed. Moreover, this new approach could fail in women and patients with low SBP.Trial registration: https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/index/index.do (Unique identifier: KCT0005349).
Impact of acute ethanol intake on cardiac autonomic regulation
Authors: Brunner Stefan , Winter Raphaela , Werzer Christina , von Stülpnagel Lukas , Clasen Ina , Hameder Annika , Stöver Andreas , Graw Matthias , Bauer Axel , Sinner Moritz F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcute alcohol consumption may facilitate cardiac arrhythmias underlying the ‘Holiday Heart Syndrome’. Autonomic imbalance is promoting atrial arrhythmias. We analyzed the effects of alcohol on measures of the cardiac autonomic nervous system and their relation to arrhythmias. In 15 healthy individuals, alcohol was administered parenterally until a breath alcohol concentration of 0.50 mg/l. High-resolution digital 30-min ECGs were recorded at baseline, at the time of maximum alcohol concentration, and after alcohol concentration returned to near baseline. Using customized software, we assessed periodic repolarization dynamics (PRD), deceleration capacity (DC), standard measures of heart rate variability (SDNN; RMSSD; LF; HF), and standard ECG parameters (mean heart rate; PQ; QRS; QTc interval). At the maximum alcohol concentration, PRD levels were significantly increased compared to baseline [1.92 (IQR 1.14–3.33) deg2 vs. 0.85 (0.69–1.48) deg2; p = 0.001]. PRD levels remained slightly increased when alcohol concentrations returned to baseline. DC levels were significantly decreased at the maximum alcohol concentration compared to baseline [7.79 (5.89–9.62) ms vs. 9.97 (8.20–10.99) ms; p = 0.030], and returned to baseline levels upon reaching baseline levels of alcohol. Standard HRV measures were reduced at maximum alcohol concentration. The mean heart rate increased significantly during alcohol administration. QRS and QTc duration were significantly prolonged, whereas PQ interval showed no change. Our findings revealed an increase of sympathetic activity and a reduction of parasympathetic activity under the influence of alcohol administration, resulting in autonomic imbalance. This imbalance might ultimately trigger arrhythmias underlying the ‘Holiday Heart Syndrome’.
Polymorphism rs7214723 in CAMKK1: a new genetic variant associated with cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Beghi Sofia , Cavaliere Francesca , Manfredini Matteo , Ferrarese Sandro , Corazzari Claudio , Beghi Cesare , Buschini Annamaria 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of deaths worldwide. CVDs have a complex etiology due to the several factors underlying its development including environment, lifestyle, and genetics. Given the role of calcium signal transduction in several CVDs, we investigated via PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs7214723 within the calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 1 (CAMKK1) gene coding for the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase I. The variant rs7214723 causes E375G substitution within the kinase domain of CAMKK1. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 cardiac patients. RFLP-PCR technique was applied, and statistical analysis was performed to evaluate genotypic and allelic frequencies and to identify an association between SNP and risk of developing specific CVD. Genotype and allele frequencies for rs7214723 were statistically different between cardiopathic and several European reference populations. A logistic regression analysis adjusted for gender, age, diabetes, hypertension, BMI and previous history of malignancy was applied on cardiopathic genotypic data and no association was found between rs7214723 polymorphism and risk of developing specific coronary artery disease (CAD) and aortic stenosis (AS). These results suggest the potential role of rs7214723 in CVD susceptibility as a possible genetic biomarker.
State filtering and parameter estimation for two‐input two‐output systems with time delay
Authors: Gu Ya , Zhu Quanmin , Li Chuanjiang , Zhu Peiyi , Nouri Hassan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper focuses on presenting a new identification algorithm to estimate the parameters and state variables for two‐input two‐output dynamic systems with time delay based on canonical state space models. First, the related input‐output equation is determined and transformed into an identification oriented model, which does not involve in the unmeasurable states, and then a residual based least squares identification algorithm is presented for the estimations. After the parameters being estimated, the system states are subsequently estimated by using the estimated parameters. Through theoretical analysis, the convergence of the algorithm is derived to provide assurance for applicability. Finally, a selected simulation example is given for a meaningful case study to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Investigation into fault tolerant capability of new modular low‐speed and high‐torque direct‐drive permanent magnet motor based on unequal span winding
Authors: Gan Baoping , Zhang Bingyi , Li Qiaoshan , Feng Guihong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLow‐speed and high‐torque direct‐drive permanent‐magnet motors have found wide applications primarily due to their outstanding performance characteristics. The special applications of these motors demand high reliability against the motor drive system, that is, the power system should have a certain level of fault tolerance. Therefore, the fault‐tolerant motor drive system has been the focus of research all over the world. Many fault‐tolerant motors can only deal with the open‐circuit fault of the winding or drive, and their capability of fault tolerance is substantially limited. When in operation, the short‐circuit fault caused by the ageing of winding insulation may result in more serious hazards than the open circuit in the winding. Such serious faults should be tolerated by the fault‐tolerant system. Moreover, the simpler maintenance or shutdown repair upon completion of fault‐tolerant operation of large‐sized fault‐tolerant motors should also be considered. Therefore, a permanent‐magnet fault‐tolerant motor with module combination stator (MCS‐PMFTSM) and unequal span winding is proposed. By changing the winding structure of the conventional motor the modular operation of the whole motor is achieved, which not only provides the motor with a high fault tolerance capacity but also reduces the downtime during repair and maintenance. In this work, the structure and operating principles of the MCS‐PMFTSM are described followed by the evaluation of the operation performances of the MCS‐PMFTSM under different fault conditions and various control strategies. The fault‐tolerant capacity of this new machine is then analysed, and the prototype is tested with a power of 12 kW and a rated speed of 100 r/min. Both theoretical analysis and test results demonstrate the outstanding operation performance and high fault tolerance of the motor.
Blockchain‐based framework of power demand response in China
Authors: Yan Yong , Huang Jianping , Chen Xingying , Zhang Zhi , Zhang Tianhan , Lin Zhenzhi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDemand response is recognized as an effective solution for eliminating power fluctuations and satisfying capacity constraints in power systems. A growing customer base equipped with energy storage and intelligent power meter on the demand side has resulted in the strong interest of China's power companies in demand response. However, most exiting demand response programs in China are based on a centralized framework, which is easier for management, but cannot support a large number of scattered small‐scale users' participation effectively. Therefore, taking the desired features of blockchain technology, such as decentralization, trustworthiness, trackability, and immutability into consideration, the applicability of blockchain in demand response is analyzed. On this basis, a new blockchain‐based framework of China's typical demand response programs is proposed, in which consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, and smart contract of blockchain are applied to the process of invitation, bidding, and settlement in demand response. Furthermore, the development suggestions of China's demand response based on blockchain technology are put forward from the aspects of trading products, credit management, and platform construction at the end of this work.
A training sample selection method based on united generalised inner product statistics for STAP
Authors: Li Xinzhe , Xie Wenchong , Wang Yongliang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn heterogeneous environments, the snapshot under test (SUT) and the corresponding training samples are usually not independent and identically distributed, which seriously degrades the clutter suppression performance of space‐time adaptive processing (STAP). To solve this problem, this paper proposes a method which can select the training samples with similar clutter characteristics to that of the SUT. The proposed method constructs a novel united generalised inner product (UGIP) statistic with the sub‐aperture clutter covariance matrix (CCM) of the SUT and that of any other snapshot. The smaller the statistic is, the more similar the corresponding two snapshots are. Therefore, the snapshots with smaller UGIPs will be selected as training samples. The proposed method effectively improves the quality of the selected training samples for STAP and a better estimate of the CCM can be obtained. Simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed method with both simulated data and measured data.
Idealised 3D simulations of diabatically forced Ledoux convection
Authors: Daley-Yates Simon , Padioleau Thomas , Tremblin Pascal , Kestener Pierre , Mancip Martial 
Published: June 2021

Aims.We investigate the impact of dimensionality, resolution, and long timescales on convective numerical simulations forced by thermo-compositional diabatic processes. We focus our study on simulations that are stable to the Schwarzschild criterion but unstable to the Ledoux one (i.e. simulations with a stabilising temperature gradient and a destabilising mean-molecular-weight gradient). We aim to establish the possibility of a reduced temperature gradient in such setups.Methods.A suite of 3D simulations incorporating both time series and convergence studies were conducted using a high-performance numerical hydrodynamic code. We used, as a simplified and idealised test case, a sample region of the secondary atmosphere of a hot rocky exoplanet, of the order of the scale height of the system, within which the chemical transition CO + O ↔ CO2could occur. Newtonian cooling was employed to force an equilibrium temperature, and a chemical source term was used to maintain a negative mean-molecular-weight gradient in the vertical direction.Results.Our results demonstrate that a mean-molecular-weight gradient and a chemical source term can reduce the atmosphere temperature gradient, a result that does not converge away with resolution and is stable when exploring long timescales. Simulations in two dimensions are prone to the development of shear modes, as already seen in the literature for double-diffusive convection. The 3D convective steady state is not impacted by these shear modes, suggesting that this phenomenon is linked to the dimensionality of the problem. We also show that the presence of the reduced temperature gradient is a function of the forcing timescales, disappearing if the chemical forcing is too slow. We find that the above transition leads to a bifurcation of the atmosphere’s temperature profile when the chemical forcing is fast. Such a bifurcation is reminiscent of the bifurcation seen in the boiling crisis for steam or liquid convection.Conclusions.With the reduced temperature gradient in these idealised setups, there exists the possibility of an analogy of the reddening (currently observed in the spectra of brown dwarfs) in the spectra of rocky exoplanet atmospheres. This possibility needs, however, to be checked with detailed 1D models in order to precisely characterise the equilibrium thermal and compositional gradients, the thermal and compositional forcing timescales, and the impact of a realistic equation of state to, in turn, assess if the regime identified here will develop in realistic situations. However, the possibility of this reddening cannot be excluded a priori. This prediction is new for terrestrial atmospheres and represents strong motivation for the use of diabatic models when analysing the atmospheric spectra of rocky exoplanets that will be observed with, for example, theJames WebbSpace Telescope.
Testing gravity of a disformal Kerr black hole in quadratic degenerate higher-order scalar-tensor theories by quasi-periodic oscillations
Authors: Chen Songbai , Wang Zejun , Jing Jiliang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
By using the relativistic precession model, we have studied frequencies of quasi-periodic oscillations in the spacetime of a disformal Kerr black hole. This black hole owns an extra disformal parameter and belongs to a class of non-stealth solutions in quadratic degenerate higher-order scalar-tensor (DHOST) theories. Our result shows that only the periastron precession frequency is related to the disformal parameter, while the azimuthal frequency and the nodal precession frequency are identical with those in the usual Kerr black hole in general relativity. Combing with the observation data of GRO J1655-40, we fit parameters of the disformal Kerr black hole, and find that the disformal parameter α is almost negative in the range of 1 σ, which implies the negative disformal parameter α is favored by the observation data of GRO J1655-40.
Nanomodification of mineral binders
Authors: Derevianko V , Kondratieva N , Volkova V , Hryshko H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the result of researches performed on the directed regulation of properties of gypsum binders, it was determined that the specific surface of various anisotropic surfaces regulates the shape of crystals as well as kinetics of their formation and growth. It has been established that the process of hydration and formation of gypsum binders can be regulated through the size of the specific surface, parameters of nanoadditives as well as through the change of concentration in solution. The influence of micro - and nanoadditives on the change of the system surface energy, as well as on introduction of plasticizer and change of time solution is in the supersaturated state (which increases the number of nuclear centers of crystallization) has been established experimentally and theoretically proved.
Influence of matrix-filler thermal conductivity on micro heat transfer in two-component composites
Authors: Pysarenko A , Zaginaylo I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The maps of local heat fluxes in the composite matrix with randomly located heat-insulating and heat-conducting inclusions have been calculated in this work. It was shown that with a significant difference in the thermal conductivity of inclusions and matrix, the main heat transfer occurs through the induced heat-conducting channels. It was found that the weighted average angles of local heat fluxes deviation from the direction of the temperature difference between the sample faces depend on the concentration of heat-insulating and heat-conducting inclusions of various sizes. A sublinear decrease or super linear increase in the effective thermal conductivity of the composite with an increase in the concentration of heat-insulating or heat-conducting inclusions, respectively, was associated with a change in the path length of local heat fluxes due to the flow at an angle to the direction of the temperature difference. An approximation formula for the dependence of the composite effective thermal conductivity on the filler concentration has been proposed, which makes it possible to take into account the presence of both heat-conducting and heat-insulating inclusions.
Fiber type influence on the reinforced concrete under axial tension
Authors: Surianinov M , Kirichenko D , Korneieva I , Neutov S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The results of experimental studies of properties of steel fiber-reinforced concrete of different types under axial tension are presented. A stand with a flexible design of the grip element connection has been developed, which provides axial load application and minimizes the effect of stress concentration at the ends of the specimen. The design is based on the ideas of the well-known Michaelis device. The design of the stand is such that the distance between the axis of load application and the central joint is 108 cm and between this joint and the axis of the test specimen is 21 cm, resulting in the load applied to the specimen being 5.143 times the applied load. The limits of fiber concrete axial tensile strength have been determined - 1.28 MPa when reinforced with wave or spun fiber and 1.37 MPa when reinforced with anchor fiber or a combination of the three types of fiber, which is 4.1 % and 4.4 % of compressive strength, respectively. It was also found that the concrete reinforced with anchor fiber or with the combined dispersed fiber reinforcement has higher deformation properties than the concrete reinforced with wave or spun fiber. The analysis of strength and deformation properties of fiber concrete when reinforced with different types of fibers allows to recommend anchored fibers for practical application.