bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of low occlusal loading on the neuromuscular behavioral development of cortically-elicited jaw movements in growing rats
Authors: Aung Phyo Thura , Kato Chiho , Fujita Akiyo , Abe Yasunori , Ogawa Takuya , Ishidori Hideyuki , Okihara Hidemasa , Kokai Satoshi , Ono Takashi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The effect of altered occlusal force on masticatory-related neuromuscular control, which projects from the anterior part of the cortical masticatory area (A-CMA), during growth remains unclear. This study sought to evaluate the effect of occlusal hypofunction on neuromuscular development of jaw muscle activities and cortically-induced rhythmic jaw movements (RJMs) in growing rats. Sixty-four two-week-old male albino Wistar rats were divided into the control (fed normal diet) and experimental (fed soft diet) groups soon after weaning. Electromyographic activity was recorded at 5, 7, 9, and 11 weeks from the right masseter and anterior digastric along with RJMs. We found a significantly longer onset latency and smaller peak-to-peak amplitude in the experimental group than that in the control group. The RJMs showed an increase in gape size and lateral excursion until up to 9 weeks in both groups. However, both the average gape size and lateral excursion were significantly smaller in the experimental group than that in the control group after 9 weeks. The jaw movement pattern also showed a significant decrease at the maximum opening period in the experimental group. Our findings indicate that inadequate occlusal function during growth alters neuromuscular control of masticatory behaviors and impairs the pattern of RJMs.
Microbiota alterations in proline metabolism impact on depression through GABA and ECM homeostasis
Authors: Mayneris-Perxachs Jordi , Arnoriaga-Rodríguez María , Martín Miquel , Burokas Aurelijus , Blasco Gerard , Coll Clàudia , Escrichs Anira , Biarnés Carles , Moreno-Navarrete José Maria , Puig Josep , Garre Josep , Ramos Rafael , Pedraza Salvador , Brugada Ramón , Vilanova Joan C , Serena Joaquín , Gich Jordi , Ramió-Torrentà Lluís , Pérez-Brocal Vicente , Moya Andrés , Pamplona Reinald , Sol Joaquim , Jové Mariona , Ricart Wifredo , Portero-Otin Manuel , Deco Gustavo , Maldonado Rafael , Fernandez-Real Jose-Manuel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis has emerged as a novel target in depression, a disorder with low treatment efficacy. However, the field is dominated by underpowered studies focusing on major depression not addressing microbiome functionality, compositional nature, or confounding factors. We applied a multi-omics approach combining pre-clinical models with three human cohorts including mild-depressed patients. Microbial functions and metabolites converging into glutamate/GABA metabolism, particularly proline, were linked to depression. Whole-brain dynamics revealed rich club network disruptions associated with depression and circulating proline. Proline supplementation in mice exacerbated depression along with microbial translocation. Human microbiota transplantation induced an emotional-impaired phenotype in mice and alterations in GABA-, proline-, and extracellular matrix-related pre-frontal cortex genes. Targeting the microbiome and dietary proline may open new windows for an efficient depression treatment.
Sustainable Self-Compacting Concrete Containing High-Amount Industrial By-Product Fly Ash As Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Authors: zhao hui , Sun Wei , Wu Xiaoming , Gao Bo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, utilizing large amount industrial by-product fly ash (FA) as the alternatives for cement in self-compacting concrete (SCC) had attracted more attention. In this study, FA was employed in SCC at five levels (0 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %). The mechanical behaviors, the water porosity, the transport properties and the sustainability of FA series SCC were investigated. At the initial curing stage (3 days), the use of FA in SCC reduces mechanical properties, increases water porosity, water absorption and water absorption coefficient (sorptivity) of SCC. FA series SCC have the lower resistance against carbon dioxide attack, chloride ion penetration than cement -based SCC. The prolonging curing time is beneficial to improve the long-term behaviors of FA- blended SCC. After SCC made with 20 %, 30 %, 40 % FA water-curing for 90 days, there are an reduction of 0.44-2.09 % in the mechanical behaviors and an increase of 0.082-0.41 % in the water porosity, compared to pure-cement SCC. Beyond the content of FA (40 %), the differences of the mechanical properties and the water porosity between SCC with 50 % FA and fully cement SCC are below the value of 2.5 %. With the progress of the curing time, the largest reduction rates of the water absorption and the sorptivity were found in 50 % FA-blended SCC. Utilizing 50 % FA in SCC reduces the total charge passed values of SCC. The manufacture of 50 % FA-blended SCC has the lowest energy consumption and released amounts of CO2, NOx, SOx in all SCC mixtures. The application of high-level FA in SCC is the positive assistance to prepare sustainable SCC with satisfying long-term behaviors.
Application of Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis to Identify Key Modules and Hub Genes in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Zhou Mi , Guo Ruru , Wang Yongfei , Yang Wanling , Li Rongxiu , Lu Liangjing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is a severe autoinflammatory disorder whose molecular mechanism is still not clearly defined. To better understand the disease using scattered datasets from public domains, we performed a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify key modules and hub genes underlying sJIA pathogenesis.Methods: Two gene expression datasets, GSE7753 and GSE13501, were used to construct WGCNA. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were applied to the entirety of genes and the hub genes in the sJIA modules. Cytoscape was used to screen and visualize the hub genes. We further compared the hub genes with the GWAS genes and used a consensus WGCNA analysis to prove that our conclusions are conservative and reproducible across multiple independent data sets. Results: A total of 5414 genes were obtained for WGCNA, from which highly correlated genes were divided into 17 modules. The red module demonstrated the highest correlation with the sJIA module (r =0.8, p=3e−29), while the green-yellow module was found to be closely related to the non-sJIA module (r =0.62, p=1e−14). Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the red module was largely enriched in activation of immune responses, infection, nucleosome and erythrocyte, the green-yellow module was mostly enriched in immune responses and inflammation. Additionally, the hub genes in the red module were highly enriched in erythrocyte differentiation, including ALAS2, AHSP, TRIM10, TRIM58 and KLF1. The hub genes from the green-yellow module were mainly associated with immune responses, exemplified by genes such as KLRB1, KLRF1, CD160, KIRs etc.Conclusion: We identified sJIA-related modules and several hub genes that might be associated with the development of sJIA. The two modules may help understand the mechanisms of sJIA and the hub genes may become biomarkers and therapeutic targets of sJIA in the future.
Novel Chloroflexi genomes from the deepest ocean reveal metabolic strategies for the adaptation to deep-sea habitats
Authors: Liu Rulong , Wei Xing , Wang Li , Cao Junwei , Song Weizhi , Wu Jiaxin , Thomas Torsten , Jin Tao , Wei Wenxia , Wei Yuli , Zhai Haofeng , Yao Cheng , Shen Ziyi , Fang Jiasong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The deep-sea harbors the majority of the microbial biomass on Earth, and is a key site for organic matter (OM) remineralization and storage in the biosphere. Microbial metabolisms in the deep ocean are greatly controlled by the generally depleted but periodically fluctuating supply of OM. Currently, little is known about metabolic potentials of dominant deep-sea microbes to cope with the variable OM inputs, especially for those living in the hadal trenches - the deepest part of the ocean. Results: In this study, we report the first extensive examination of the metabolic potentials of hadal sediment Chloroflexi, a dominant phylum in hadal trenches and the global deep ocean. Sixty-two metagenome-assembled-genomes (MAGs) were reconstructed from nine metagenomic datasets derived from sediments of the Mariana Trench. These MAGs represent six novel species, four novel genera, one novel family and one novel order within the classes Anaerolinea and Dehalococcoidia. Fragment recruitment showed that these MAGs are globally distributed in deep-sea waters and surface sediments, and transcriptomic analysis indicated their in-situ activities. Metabolic reconstruction showed that hadal Chloroflexi mainly have a heterotrophic lifestyle, with the potential to degrade a wide range of organic carbon, sulfur and halogenated compounds. Our results reveal for the first time that hadal Chloroflexi harbor pathways for the complete hydrolytic or oxidative degradation of various recalcitrant OM, including aromatic compounds (e.g. benzoate), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. fluorene), polychlorobiphenyl (e.g. 4-chlorobiphenyl) and organochlorine compounds (e.g. chloroalkanes, chlorocyclohexane). Moreover, these organisms show the potential to synthesize energy storage compounds (e.g. trehalose), and have regulatory modules to respond to changes in nutrient conditions. These metabolic traits lead us to postulate that the Chloroflexi may follow a “feast and famine” metabolic strategy, which allows them to efficiently consume labile OM and store the energy under rich OM conditions, and to survive under OM limitations by utilizing stored energy and degrading recalcitrant OM. Conclusion: This study expands the knowledge on metabolic processes in deep-ocean Chlorolfexi, and highlights their significance in deep-sea carbon, sulfur and halogen cycles. The metabolic plasticity likely provides Chloroflexi with advantages for the survival under variable and heterogenic OM inputs in the deep ocean.
Substance P/neurokinin1 receptor is associated with the expression of cardiac stem/pluripotency-associated genes in diabetic right and left atria
Authors: Jeong Yun-Mi , Lee Sora , Kim Weon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Substance P (SP) is a cardioprotective neuropeptide that interacts with the G protein-coupled neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R). Although the expression of SP/NK1R in the right atrium (RA) of diabetic patients is known to be significantly impaired, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. LETO and OLETF rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: saline, SP injection (5 nmole/kg), and SP+RP injection (1 mg/kg RP67580, a selective non-peptide tachykinin NK1R antagonist). After 3 weeks, the left atrium (LA), RA, and left ventricle (LV) of the rats were collected. Cardiac stem/pluripotency-associated genes in the diabetic atria of each group were comprehensively examined using qRT-PCR analysis. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that only the RA of SP-treated OLETF rats exhibited significantly higher levels of alpha-SMA, GATA4, TBX5, and Klf4 in the mRNA, compared to the control. RP prevented the expression of NK1R and four SP-associated genes in the RA of SP-treated OLETF rats. In conclusion, our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the role of NK1R in diabetic atria.
Hematidrosis: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategy
Authors: Wang Zhaoyue , Yin Jie , Yu Ziqiang , Han Yue , Cao Lijuan , Kong Danqing , Gu Chengyuan , Bai Xia , Zhang Xinyou 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Hematidrosis is an extremely rare and mysterious disorder. The etiology and pathophysiology of this disorder remain mostly unknown, and there is no specific therapeutic strategy available up to now.Methods: The clinical features, hemostatic and other laboratory tests, and bloody exudates of seven patients were investigated, and histologic examination of the affected skin was performed. They were treated with a new therapeutic regimen. Results: The bleeding episodes could appear under different conditions, but often following physical or emotional stress, with some prodromes. The frequency and amount of bleeding varied with each individual. The effluent bloody samples showed all the components of the peripheral blood, mingled with a few epithelial cells. Histologic examination of the affected skin showed normal sweat glands containing no blood. Each of patients was treated individually, and a multi-drug "cocktail therapy" regimen mainly consisting of beta-receptor blocker, anxiolytic, and histamine H1/H2 receptor antagonists proved successful. Although most patients could relapse within 6 to 12 months, the treatment was still effective and they were finally cured. Conclusion: nervous system-hypothalamus-autonomic nervous system pathway in association with histaminergic activation. A multi-drug "cocktail therapy" in accordance to this hypothesis would become a new effective regimen.
Patients Experiences with Multiple Sclerosis Disease-Modifying Therapies in Daily Life - a Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Barabasch Anna , Riemann-Lorenz Karin , Scheiderbauer Jutta , Kleiter Ingo , Morrison Rebecca , Kofahl Christopher , Heesen Christoph 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Besides coping with a disease with many uncertainties, people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis face complex decisions concerning disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). In an interview study, we aimed to assess patients’ experiences with DMTs. Methods: Problem-centred interviews were conducted with 50 people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Germany using maximum variation sampling and covering all licensed DMTs. Data were analysed thematically using deductive and inductive categories. Results: 47 of 50 patients had treatment with at least one of the approved DMTs. The main themes were: 1) starting a DMT, 2) switching to another DMT, 3) discontinuing a DMT, and 4) multiple sclerosis without starting a DMT. Different intercorrelated factors influenced the decision-making processes for or against a DMT. Individual experiences with DMTs in daily life contained the effort in administration, success, and failure of DMTs, coping strategies and well-being without DMTs. The decision-making process for or against a DMT and the use of those treatments can be understood as a constant, continually shifting process, complicated by different factors, which change over time. Experiences with DMTs were characterized by attempts to handle uncertainty and to (re)gain control and integrate adaptivity into one’s life. Conclusion: The study provides a rich and nuanced amount of patients’ experiences with DMTs. The findings demonstrate the importance for practitioners to look at current life circumstances of patients with multiple sclerosis when recommending a DMT and to promote and enable patients to make informed decisions.
Analysis of Risk Allele Frequencies of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Related to Open-angle Glaucoma in Different Ethnic Groups&nbsp;
Authors: Shin Hyun-Tae , Yoon Byung Woo , SEO JEHYUN 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) varies from 0.5% to 7.0% among populations of diverse ancestry, suggesting the existence of genetic differences. The purposes of this study were to provide insights into genetic causes of OAG, which can result in prevalence and phenotype differences among populations of diverse ancestry for OAG, and to compare allele frequencies of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation-related SNPs in OAG among Koreans and other ethnic groups.Methods: We collected the data on a total of 135 OAG-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a genome-wide association studies (GWAS) catalog. The population-level allele frequencies of these SNPs were derived based on the 1000 Genomes Project and Korean Reference Genome Database. We used Fisher's exact test to assess whether the effect allele at a given SNP was significantly enriched or depleted.Results: European, American, and South Asian populations showed similar heatmap patterns, while African, East Asian, and Korean populations had distinct patterns. Korean population presented different profiles compared to other groups; rs1579050 (FMNL2 gene), rs2024211 (CAV2;CAV1), and rs8141433 (GNB1L;TXNRD2 gene), which are known to be associated with IOP variation, were enriched in Americans, Europeans, and Africans, and depleted in Koreans. These can be the candidates for the causative genes of differences in the prevalence of IOP variation in OAG according to ethnic groups.Conclusions: Differences in allele frequencies associated with IOP related SNPs between Koreans and other ethnicities were observed, which may explain the high prevalence of OAG with normal IOP predominantly in Koreans and East Asians.
Text-based Analysis of the Geographic Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic in China
Authors: Wang Jiaobei , Li Gang , Jin Annan , Xu Tingting , Nie Qifan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic spread rapidly due to the mass migration during the Spring Festival in China, bringing a significant public health challenge. This study aims to explore the pattern of COVID-19 diffusion related to the Spring festival and provide some suggestions on controlling the epidemic.Methods: We included 10316 cases from provincial or city Health Commission websites outside Hubei in China from December 30, 2019 to February 27, 2020. Data on the gender, age, occupation, inflow and outflow places were extracted from confirmed cases' detailed records. Results: The number of confirmed cases who worked in commercial service was the largest, accounting for nearly 55%, followed by sales service (22%) and transport service (13.6%). "Wuhan", "close contact", "quarantine" (15.31) and "fever" (13.43) were the highest-linked centers within the text analysis. Most of the infected are relatives of confirmed cases and people mainly choose the self-driving transportation mode to go to hospitals. The clinical symptoms' expression varies among different age groups. Over time, infected areas and generations have experienced transitions from the nonlocal first to the local third group, and from more males infected to females. The source of the epidemic spreads to the south, then to the north, and finally evolves to the southeast, and the spread direction is from south to north afterward to west, over time. Wuhan and Shenzhen had the biggest influence on the flow as essential points of the flow network. The principal path often originated in Hubei or provincial capital cities and flowed to those cities which are densely populated and economically developed. “Returning home to visit relatives”, “migrant workers returning home” and “returning home after traveling” are the chief migration reasons. Compared with the long-term flows, short-term paths are of shorter distance. About half of confirmed cases migrated with their families. Finally, the flows are always opposite to the gradient mobility pattern of China's labor.Conclusion: Based on the background of the reunion tradition in the Spring Festival, the diffusion of COVID-19 outside Hubei in China presented a pattern tied to person migration to return home. At the macroscopic scale, the pattern shows a linear relocation diffusion from vertical to horizontal. On the microscopic scale, radiation contact diffusion with transit from the nonlocal first to the local third group and male-dominated cases in the early stage to mostly female cases in the later stage were the apparent trend.
Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Human Albumin Administration Following Total Joint Arthroplasty.
Authors: Zhang Shaoyun , Si Haibo , Xie Jinwei , Wu Yuangang , Hu Qinsheng , Zeng Yi , Pei Fuxing , Shen Bin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHuman albumin (HA) administration is associated with an increased risk of acute renal failure and most other complications in patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA, TKA). Therefore, it is vital to reduce the use of HA and identify risk factors for its use. This study aims to determine the incidence and risk factors of HA administration in patients undergoing THA or TKA.MethodsWe identified patients undergoing THA or TKA in multiple institutions from 2014 to 2016 and collected patient demographics and perioperative variables. The criterion of HA administration was defined as a postoperative albumin level < 32 g/L or 32 to 35 g/L for at-risk patients. We compared 14 variables between patients who received HA administration and those who did not after stratification by the preoperative albumin (pre-ALB) level. Multivariate regressions identified the independent risk factors associated with HA administration.ResultsIn total, 958 (20.3 %) of 4713 patients undergoing THA and 410 (9.7 %) of 4248 patients undergoing TKA received HA administration. In addition to pre-ALB < 35 g/L, preoperative anemia (odds ratio [OR] 2.12, P = 0.001; OR 1.39, P < 0.001) and drain use (OR 3.33, P = 0.001; OR 4.25, P < 0.001) were also independent risk factors for HA administration after THA regardless pre-ALB < 35 g/L or not, and patients undergoing TKA diagnosed of rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis tended to receive HA administration regardless pre-ALB < 35 g/L or not (OR 3.67, P = 0.002; OR 2.06, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe incidence of HA administration was high in patients undergoing THA or TKA, and several variables were risk factors for HA administration. This finding may aid surgeons in preoperatively identifying patients requiring HA administration and optimizing perioperative managements.
Finding of Hard and Soft Territory in Rental Low-Cost Apartment by Using Grounded Theory Method
Authors: Lianto Fermanto , Arifin Lilianny Sigit , Dwisusanto Y. Basuki , Trisno Rudy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sharing a corridor space in a rusunawa could form patterns of adaptation and exemplify the phenomenon of territorial mastery. This research aims to understand the form of this mastery as perceived by the occupants using the Grounded Theory method. The results show a theory of territorial mastery that can be developed from the findings in the field is a new theory of territorial characteristics, based on hard and soft territory. The hard territory is territorial control that is tangible or intangible, fixed or unchanged, and firm, whose existence is clear in a space that can be seen, occupied or controlled and maintained, and recognized by other residents. On the other hand, the soft territory is territorial control that is tangible and intangible, and which allows for flexible and soft shifts because it is an expression of the family and cultural emotions of guyub, so that mastery of the soft territory occurs not only because of tolerance, but also because of the prioritization of the feeling of kinship in living under one roof, and the harmonization of guyub relationships amongst people in a community