bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spacecraft launch and re-entry: Effects of simulated +Gx acceleration on cardiorespiratory parameters
Authors: Deepika LS , Nataraja MS , Mishra S , Kumar A 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
In the spaceflight, during launch and re-entry, the crew is exposed to acceleration ranging from +4Gx to +8Gx in nominal conditions. This study was conducted to assess the changes in cardiorespiratory parameters, namely, heart rate (HR), electrocardiogram (ECG), respiratory rate (RR), and SpO2 on exposure to simulated +Gx acceleration.

Material and Methods:
Fifteen randomly selected healthy male volunteers participated in the study. They were exposed to a simulated acceleration profile consisting of two peaks in the high-performance human centrifuge; first peak of +4Gx for 30 s and second peak of+8Gx for 30 s. The cardiorespiratory parameters were monitored and recorded during the acceleration exposure. The data were compiled and analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA.

Results:
Significant increase in HR was observed on exposure to +4Gx (110.4 ± 16.7 bpm; P < 0.001) in comparison to the baseline value (80.5 ± 7.5 bpm). However, the changes in the HR at +8Gx were not significant in comparison to baseline as well as +4Gx values. On the other hand, RR indicated a significant increase on exposure to +8Gx (25.2 ± 5.8 breaths/min) in comparison to the baseline (15.1 ± 1.6 breaths/min; P = 0.001) and +4Gx (19.0 ± 6.1 breaths/min; P = 0.009) values. SpO2 showed a significant reduction at +8Gx (94.2 ± 3.8%) in comparison to baseline (98.9 ± 0.3%; P = 0.004) and +4Gx (96.9 ± 1.5%; P = 0.003). ECG did not show any evidence of arrhythmia during the exposure to +Gx acceleration.

Conclusion:
The insignificant changes in the HR at peak of +8Gx indicate less pronounced effects on the smaller hydrostatic gradient in +Gx acceleration unlike +Gz acceleration. However, the findings of the study point towards a significant increase in respiratory rate and reduction in SpO2 at +8Gx.
Incidence and transmission dynamics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among fresh recruits in a Training Establishment of Indian Armed Forces: An observational study
Authors: Sakre MM , Kunte R , Lakhveer S , Sannigrahi P , Devi A 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
In times of COVID-19, when all institutions remained closed even post lock-down, the Airmen Training School of Indian Air Force proceeded with the recruitment of airmen. The present study intends to explore the incidence and transmission dynamics of COVID-19 among these freshly recruits who were quarantined in barracks with each barrack serving as one cohort.

Material and Methods:
In an observational study, 2978 male Air Force recruits, between the age group of 18-22 years, in two batches between 1st to 31st July 2020, were followed up in the quarantine period post recruitment. Since the quarantine was unconventional in terms of being in barracks, special and unique precautions such as repeated screening, delegation of specific toilets per billets, three ply mask distributions, Bio-Medical Waste Disposal etc were paid utmost attention. The COVID 19 cases were treated at the in-house isolation facility and the contacts with the symptomatics tested with RT-PCR or RAT before release from quarantine. All individuals were monitored with active surveillance and the data was meticulously maintained with zero attrition. Incidence, Secondary Attack Rate (SAR), demographic characteristics and others aspects of transmission dynamics were analyzed.

Results:
The incidence and SAR was observed to be 8.1% (71 primary cases) and 15.59% (170 secondary cases). 64.7% of cases were symptomatic with an average of 15 days of hospitalization. The rate positivity of testing with RTPCR or RAT was 11.44%. Severity was more marked in the first batch than the second batch of recruits. The overall R0 was found to be 2.39.

Conclusion:
The results of the study revealed some interesting characteristics of COVID-19 transmission dynamics. The cumulative incidence was found to be higher than national average. The variations between the recruits from different part of the country and the two batches could be attributed to the travel distance and mode of conveyance. The study also validates the mild nature of the infection in young adults. Fair conclusion on the implication of good quarantine and isolation measures and regular surveillance for symptoms for early diagnosis has also been compellingly indicated from these observations.
INTRODUCTION OF QUALITY AND PRODUCT SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE PRODUCTION OF FLOUR CULINARY PRODUCTS
Authors: ТИУНОВ В.М. , АРИСОВ А.В. , ВЯТКИН А.В. 
Published: November 2021

Система менеджмента качества и безопасности продукции обеспечивает стабильность качественных характеристик вырабатываемой продукции, в том числе показателей безопасности и качества. Качество и безопасность продукции, которые обеспечиваются на всех этапах ее производства, являются важными показателями эффективности системы менеджмента предприятия. В целях повышения качества мучных кулинарных изделий проанализированы критические контрольные точки технологического процесса производства этой продукции и даны рекомендации по снижению рисков. Для апробации предложенной системы менеджмента качества и безопасности продукции были изготовлены образцы мучных кулинарных изделий, а именно блинов, выпеченных из смесей муки рисовой и кукурузной, рисовой и соевой, рисовой и амарантовой взамен пшеничной высшего сорта. Выбор этих видов муки в качестве замены пшеничной муки обусловлен высоким содержанием в них пищевых волокон, витаминов и минеральных веществ, что позволяет повысить потребительские характеристики продукции. Результаты органолептической оценки и исследования физико-химических показателей выпеченных мучных кулинарных изделий свидетельствуют, что все показатели безопасности и качества мучных кулинарных изделий соответствуют требованиям ГОСТ 31986–2012.
The product quality and safety management system ensures the stability of the quality characteristics of the products produced, including safety and quality indicators. The quality and safety of products, which are ensured at all stages of its production, are important indicators of the effectiveness of the enterprise's management system. In order to improve the quality of flour culinary products, the critical control points of the technological process of production of these products are analyzed and recommendations for reducing risks are given. To test the proposed quality and product safety management system, samples of flour culinary products were made, namely pancakes baked from mixtures of rice and corn flour, rice and soy flour, rice and amaranth instead of wheat of the highest grade. The choice of these types of flour as a substitute for wheat flour is due to the high content of dietary fibers, vitamins and minerals in them, which makes it possible to increase the consumer characteristics of products. The results of organoleptic evaluation and research of physical and chemical parameters of baked flour culinary products indicate that all indicators of safety and quality of flour culinary products comply with the requirements of GOST 31986–2012.
Preformulation characterization towards design and development of dexibuprofen loaded nanoparticles
Authors: Vivekanandan S  , Raghunandan Reddy K  , Venkatesan P  
Published: November 2021

The intention of the current study was to investigate the Physico-chemical characteristics of Dexibuprofen loaded nanoparticles. Dexibuprofen is an NSAID - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug intended for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis related symptoms. In current market trends, the tablets and capsule dosage forms captures major market contribution. A systematic evaluation of physico chemical characteristics of the drug powder, it’s characteristics was performed as a basic step at the start of formulation development of the dosage form. The formulation development approach is decided based on the above data. Dexibuprofen nanoparticles was developed by an Ionotropic pre gelation technique comprising Chitosan, Calcium chloride and Sodium alginate as coating material. The preformulation evaluation of Dexibuprofen and it’s compatibility with selected excipients was performed to design an appropriate strategy for the development of Dexibuprofen modified release nanoparticles. The parameters like melting point, pKa, solubility, dissolution and assay method development, solid state stability, solution stability, flow properties, bulk density, microscopical assessment, entrapment efficiency, excipients compatibility, and nanoparticles release profile were evaluated. The results of this study, along with the experimental values, will be discussed in detail.
Strategy as Ethical Persuasion - How Aristotle Can Make Strategy Ethical
Authors:   , Aslak Thore 
Published: November 2021

<p>In this thesis it is argued, that managers with strategic responsibilities are unlikely to commit to contemporary business ethics, because its deontological nature is limited for strategic work's teleological focus. This is a problem because when managers do not commit to business ethics, they can damage the ethical culture in their companies. Unethical cultures are nests for scandals and malpractices that can hurt companies' reputation and, in turn, their profits. However, if managers were to commit to ethical behaviour the ethical culture would strengthen. For that reason, I have proposed an Aristotelian approach to ethics that could be useful for managers, when making strategic decisions. This could help strengthen the ethical culture in their companies. Three managers with knowledge and experience of strategic decision making have been interviewed to test the usefulness and ethicality of the Aristotelian approach. The findings indicate that the Aristotelian approach could be useful for guiding strategic decision making. One respondent even said that the Aristotelian approach's rhetorical considerations could improve strategic decision making in his company. Despite finding the Aristotelian approach beneficial for strategic decision making, two of the respondents did not think that the approach would be used for strategic decision making in their companies. The approach was said to be too abstract for managers to use in relation to all the practical issues they have to deal with. All the respondents agreed, that the Aristotelian approach highlighted some ethical considerations, but they were reluctant to call it an ethical approach. However, it did not really matter to them whether the approach was ethical or not, because to them, strategic decisions where ethically neutral. This final statement supports that the deontological nature of contemporary business ethics is not useful for strategic work.</p>
The Predominant Teaching Strategies in Year 8 and Year 9 Mathematics Classrooms
Authors:   , Matheson Kay Jacqueline 
Published: November 2021

<p>In New Zealand most students change schools at age 12 -14 from an intermediate school to a secondary school. This usually involves a transition from a school that is organised by students having a home room with one teacher for most of their subjects to a school that is organised by students changing classrooms and teachers for every subject. Across this transition period research internationally and in New Zealand suggests that mathematics achievement and engagement is negatively affected. Lesson content, interschool communication, social class, ethnicity, and gender have been identified as factors that may influence the negative effect of transition. This research looks at another possible factor affecting achievement and engagement at transition in mathematics: the teaching strategies used. Teaching strategies have been defined in this research to be those strategies used in classroom instruction as indicated by teacher talk, activity style, and equipment use. This research is based on a purposive sample of one secondary school and one of its feeder intermediate schools. Three teachers of mathematics at Year 9 from the secondary school and three Year 8 teachers from the intermediate school were then selected to be videoed, each for three lessons. The video recorded lessons were then transcribed, analysed using content analysis, and the teaching strategies evident in the classroom identified. The teaching strategies were categorised based on previous research such as that by Fraivillig, Murphy and Fuson (1999) to find any similarities or differences in teaching strategies used in the Year 8 and Year 9 mathematics classroom. Year 8 teachers used facilitating and eliciting questions more often than the Year 9 teachers. The Year 8 teachers used instructional statements as a teaching strategy. There appeared to be more intra-school variation in teaching strategies at the Year 8 level. Year 9 teachers were found to be more teacher-centred than Year 8 teachers in their choice of strategies with teacher initiated right/wrong questioning the most frequent interaction type used. Instructional and control statements were also a feature of the Year 9 mathematics classrooms. This study indicates that across the transition period, from Year 8 to Year 9, students' experience changes in the types of teaching strategies used in the mathematics classroom. The focus shifts from student-centred learning to teacher-centred learning. This may be a contributing factor in the decline in mathematics achievement that has been shown to occur at this phase of education in New Zealand. Implications from this research include: - the possible need for schools across a transition to communicate more to align their teaching strategies; - the need for best practice teaching strategies to be implemented in all schools; and - the possibility of schools across a transition working together and developing a programme which may allow students to integrate better into the secondary school.</p>
Lithospheric Deformation at the South Island Oblique Collision, New Zealand
Authors:   , Bourguignon Sandra 
Published: November 2021

<p>Lithospheric deformation is investigated within the Southern Alps oblique collision zone of the Australian and Pacific plate boundary. Seismological methods and gravity modelling are used to estimate seismic anisotropy, wave-speed anomalies and mass anomalies in the uppermost mantle. While seismic anisotropy is generally interpreted to result from Cenozoic mantle shear, wave-speed and mass anomalies can be explained solely by thermal contraction of mantle rocks that results from the downward deflection of isotherms during mantle shortening. Along the eastern Southern Alps foothills and approximately 15' clockwise from their axis, earthquake Pn waves propagate at 8.54 +/- 0.20 km/s. This high wave speed is attributed to a high average Pn speed (8.3 +/- 0.3 km/s) and Pn anisotropy (7 - 13 %) in the mantle lid beneath central South Island. Two-dimensional ray-tracing suggests that the crustal thickness is 48 +/- 4 km beneath the Southern Alps' southern extent near Wanaka (western Otago). Such a thickness represents an 18 +/- 4 km thick crustal root that is thicker than necessary to isostatically sustain the approximately 1000 m topographic load of this region. A mass excess is proposed in the mantle below the region of over-thickened crust to compensate for the crustal root mass deficit. Assuming that the crustal root represents a -300 kg/m3 density contrast with the mantle lid, this mantle mass excess requires a minimum density contrast of 35 +/- 5 kg/m3, 110 +/-20 km width and 70 +/- 20 km thickness that will impart a downward pull on the overlying crust.</p>
Teaching Moral Education in Secondary Schools Using Real-Life Dilemmas
Authors:   , Balakrishnan Vishalache 
Published: November 2021

<p>The purpose of this study is to contribute to contemporary debates about alternative ways of teaching Moral Education (ME) in Malaysia by including the voice of students. ME in the Malaysian setting is both complex and compulsory. This study explores alternatives to the current somewhat dated approach. It seeks to discover what young adolescents describe as moral dilemmas, how they approach them and what they find useful in resolving these moral problems. The research is founded on a modified version of Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), extended to suit the multicultural, multiethnic Malaysian setting, and here called the Zone of Collaborative Development (ZCD). This study uses qualitative research methodology consisting of a modified framework of participatory action research (PAR) as the methodological framework. Data was gathered for textual analysis through a modified form of participant observation, focus group transcripts, interviews, and student journals. The research trials a process of resolving reallife moral dilemmas in the ME classroom. It critically analyses the types of reallife moral dilemmas that a selected group of secondary students face. It also indicates the moral choices they make and the moral orientations they use. Participants in this study were 22 16-17 year old adolescents from three different types of secondary schools in a Form Four ME classroom in Malaysia. They were from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds, but within a nonMuslim community of students. ME in Malaysia (MEM) is designed to cater for this group while Muslim students study Islamic Studies. Findings show that students were concerned about moral issues and values not covered in the current ME curriculum. The moral dilemmas that they identified were relational and context dependent. Multiple factors contributed to the problems they described. These factors included national legislation, Malaysian culture, ethnicity, and religion as well as the effects of history, in particular the Japanese occupation. Students named autonomy, self and mutual respect, trust, freedom, and tolerance as main conflicting themes in their reallife moral dilemmas. They found their peers helpful in providing support, advice, and direction. Students also appear to find the process trialled in the research interesting, interactive/collaborative, meaningful, and reflective. The analysis also shows that the respondents' moral choices were influenced by parents, culture, religion, utilitarianism, collaboration, and friendship, within a strong carebased approach. However, moral pluralism was also evident in the findings in cases where participants made decisions based on care and justice interchangeably. The study suggests that including students' voices in MEM in this way might better engage students' interest, whilst at the same time contributing to intercultural tolerance and understanding.</p>
Behaviours That Put Female Youth at Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Gerehu, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
Authors:   , Naemon Anna Sirimai 
Published: November 2021

<p>The HIV and AIDS epidemic in Papua New Guinea (PNG) is growing at an alarming rate according to recent statistics and is increasingly affecting the young people. The majority of all known HIV cases are in young people below the age of 35 years. A crucial task remains for PNG to provide protection and safety for young people (who comprise more than 50% of the country's 5.2 million people) from the risk of sexual infections, harm and death. Whilst risk of infections are inevitably real and alive in local communities and seriously challenging youth, unfortunately, this group, poorly educated, unemployed, unheard and unsupported by service providers, disempowered and financially and socially vulnerable stand the highest risk of been affected by HIV/AIDS and STIs. The main aim of this study was to examine sexual behaviours and practices of female youth including their exposure to sexual violence and the protection strategies used. Amongst other things, this study also assessed how much female youth know and understand about HIV/AIDS and STIs including access to HIV and sexual health services. A standard questionnaire was completed through faceto-face interviews with 63 out-of-school and unemployed1 female youth (age 15-24) in the suburb of Gerehu in Port Moresby, PNG. The research identified some unsafe behaviours and vulnerable factors that are contributing to increase risk of HIV and STI for female youth in Gerehu. Female Youth women are inadequately educated about sex, sexual relationships, causes and nature of sexual infections, they own risks and sexual behavioural practices, condom negotiation skills, sexual coercion, stigma related risk, access to sexual treatment and services and how competing gender and socio-cultural factors create, perpetuate and increase risk of infection for them. Unless female youth adequately know these factors they are not able to avoid risk and protect themselves from HIV and STIs.</p>
The Effect of Music Therapy on Self-Reported Affect in Hospitalised Paediatric Patients
Authors:   , Armstrong Ruth Elizabeth 
Published: November 2021

<p>The present research examines the effect of music therapy on the affect of hospitalised children. It took place on a paediatric ward of a New Zealand public hospital. This study aimed to investigate the role of music therapy in addressing patients' psychosocial needs. Literature on the impact of hospitalisation, and on the use of music therapy in hospitals and paediatrics was reviewed. The research involved an audit of the therapist's clinical notes from music therapy sessions over the course of seven months. The clinical notes included measurements of children's mood from the beginning and end of sessions, using McGrath's (1990) Affective Facial Scale. It was hypothesised that mood measures following music therapy would be higher than pre-music therapy scores. Statistical analysis of the facial scale data did not show a significant difference between 'before' and 'after' measures. These results were discussed with regard to a ceiling effect (this is, the measurements indicated patients were at the happy end of the scale before the music therapy session, so there was little room on the scale for mood to improve following music therapy). The measurement of emotion did not prove to be straightforward. The hospital environment may have influenced the patients' responses in a number of ways. These environmental influences are discussed with reference to examples from the clinical notes. The usefulness of facial scales in this context is discussed, as well as other limitations of the research. Suggestions for future research include the use of other mood measures, and the inclusion of measurements of parental mood and how this affects the child.</p>
Paradigms on Indigenous Language Revitalisation: the Case of Te Reo Maori in Aotearoa New Zealand and Mapudungun in Chile
Authors:   , Gallegos Carina 
Published: November 2021

<p>The existence of systems of indigenous knowledge depend greatly on the existence of indigenous languages. Processes of language revitalisation seek to uphold indigenous knowledge by restoring endangered indigenous languages. Historical processes of colonisation and globalisation in Chile and Aotearoa New Zealand have impacted and threatened each country's indigenous language. This dissertation describes language revitalisation processes of te reo Maori in Aotearoa New Zealand and Mapudungun in Chile in order to further understand the implications of language on effectively revitalising indigenous culture and knowledge. The research and analysis presented implements comparative methodology through the use of case studies, direct observations, primary and secondary data sources. In an effort to evaluate and compare outcomes of indigenous language revitalisation schemes of te reo Maori in Aotearoa New Zealand and Mapudungun in Chile, this thesis focuses on case studies in the context of how education programmes in each country approach indigenous language revitalisation.</p>