bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nasopharyngeal colonization at birth and the development of early-onset neonatal sepsis
Authors: Febriani Andi Dwi Bahagia , Putri Nilam Sartika , Alasiry Ema , Daud Dasril 
Published: March 2021

Background Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Exposure to maternal bacteria during pregnancy or delivery allows for colonization of the normal upper airway. Such bacteria become the major ecological species in the infant. If the colonizing bacteria invade the bloodstream, early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) could occur.
Objective To evaluate for an association between colonization of the newborn nasopharynx and EONS, as well as for agreement between nasopharyngeal swab culture and blood culture isolate results.
Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital and Ibnu Sina Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi. Nasopharyngeal swab culture was taken within 2 hours of life from newborns who met the inclusion criteria, then they were followed up for signs of EONS. Blood culture was taken from subject with EONS.
Results Of the 100 newborns, 69 (69%) had nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization, of whom 5.8% (4/69) experienced EONS. Of the remaining 31 (31%) without colonization, 9.7% (3/31) experienced EONS. There was no significant difference in frequency of EONS between newborns with and without nasopharyngeal colonization. Although Gram-negative bacteria were predominant among colonized newborns, there was no significant difference to numbers of Gram-positive bacteria as a causative agent of EONS. Only one patient with EONS had the same bacterial species in both the nasopharynx and blood culture isolate.
Conclusion Newborn nasopharyngeal colonization at birth is not associated with EONS.
On the Concepts of Imported Language and Newspeakerism in the Sociolinguistic Context of Lithuania
Authors: Likhachiova Alla 
Published: March 2021

This article outlines the advantages of introducing some new terms to describe the current sociolinguistic situation in Lithuania. Its essential components are the heterogeneity of the country’s ethno-linguistic landscape, intensive internal and external migration and the different types of language practices within the country, which are the result of the first two factors. The term “imported language” proposed by the author of the article and the term “newspeakerism”, which has recently become established in European sociolinguistics, have not yet been used in the works of Lithuanian sociolinguists. However, these terms can be important for describing the linguistic specifics of some regions of Lithuania. The first term seems appropriate to denote the language of immigrants, which is used relatively widely in the host country, not only in family, but also in the everyday and official communication, and the second – for the sociolinguistic categorization of such immigrants. Most immigrants are residents of post-Soviet countries with native or well-mastered Russian language, therefore, in the article, it is Russian that is defined as an imported language.
The paper examines the theoretical prerequisites for the introduction of new terms for a more accurate description of the current linguistic situation in Lithuania and the designation of its participants. Statistical data on migration processes in Lithuania and fragments of interviews with immigrants of chronologically different arrival streams are used.
Saints’ Day Celebrations (Ruga) in Banat – Community Participation, Dance, Music, and Good Times
Authors: Mellish Liz , Green Nick 
Published: March 2021

The celebration of the day of patron saint of the local church is a custom that is widespread among Christians in various parts of the world. In the plain and mountain areas of the Romanian Banat region, this day is referred to as ruga (pl. ruge), which literally means “pray.” These customary events are local community participatory festivals in the sense that they include both active and passive participants, the former joining in the dancing, the latter sitting and watching whilst socialising with relatives and friends. Although these events are primarily held on fixed calendrical days according to the patron saint of a specific church, they are in most cases attended by representatives of the many ethnicities and religious confessions that live together in the Banat region.
This paper examines saint’s day celebrations in Banat as one of the prime community events where music and dancing take place. It draws on the authors’ fieldwork undertaken at saint’s day celebrations in the Romanian Banat where they observed the similarities and differences in these events. Their research is supplemented by drawing on reports from local media on ruge, historical accounts, and conversations with locals. Their conclusion is that over time the concept of the celebration of ruge has been maintained though the precise details of the events have changed over time as these celebrations have been adapted to meet the needs of present- day communities while retaining their function as participatory community celebrations.
Traceable Value for Proficiency Test of Natural Gas
Authors: Ridwan Yohanes Susanto , Supriadi Supriadi , Nugraha Willy Cahya 
Published: March 2021

The use of consensus values as the assign value for proficiency testing (PT) activities are currently a common practice in Indonesia, including the field of natural gas analysis. Hence, mostly the performance evaluation is based on consensus agreement. In this work, a PT was conducted using traceable values with respect to ISO/IEC 17043 and ISO 13528. It was demonstrated that the chosen PT scheme has good capability to evaluate the performance of participating laboratories. And, in some cases, the selected PT scheme was not affected by extreme values and limited number of participants. Post analysis to the PT round has been conducted using the information of uncertainty of the traceable value and the uncertainty of robust average of participants’ results. It was demonstrated that there were no significance biases in the PT round. Moreover, it could be concluded that the participating laboratories have a good agreement with one to another. They also have a good agreement with traceable values, giving more additional confidence to the measurement quality in this field of analysis.
Acute vision loss in a patient with chronic esophageal stenosis
Authors: Paul Joshua , Zhang Yi , Sun Justin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract:
Purpose: To describe a unique cause of Valsalva Retinopathy (VR) with an alternative surgical approach to chronic non-clearing pre-foveal hemorrhage.
Method: Case presentation.
Results: A 45-year-old African American female presented with acute vision loss from 20/20 to count fingers (CF) in her right eye. Ophthalmoscopy and ocular coherence tomography (OCT) showed old yellow-red pre-retinal opacityscuring the fovea. After 1 month of conservative management with no improvement, Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV) with posterior hyaloid membrane removal without ILM peeling was performed with the patient’s best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) dramatically improved to 20/25.
Discussion: We raise the question regarding the role of ILM peeling in treating premacular hemorrhage. Even without ILM peeling, our patient’s hemorrhage resolved after the procedure. This suggests that PPV combined with posterior hyaloid removal is a safer and effective alternative to surgical treatment in patients with certain clinical conditions. In addition, we provide clear evidence to support the location of the hemorrhage in VR as both sub-hyaloid and sub-ILM.
The Constraint of the Eco-Friendly Rooftop PV System Implementation Based on the Techno-Economic and Regulatory Impact Analysis: Case Study of the Ontowiryo Mosque in Purworejo, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Suparwoko Woko - , Qamar Fadhil Ahmad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
PV system is an eco-friendly option to meet the need for energy due to its lower carbon footprint when compared to the fossil-fueled power plants. In this research, we performed techno-economic and regulatory impact analysis on a rooftop PV system on a mosque in Purworejo, Indonesia under a net metering mechanism. The use of PV system on the mosque rooftop can reduce its entire carbon emission from its annual energy usage, which equals to 4 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. However, the economic feasibility of the PV systems, measured by the NPV of the electricity bill saving, shows negative values for all PV system configuration, defined by the type and number of panels. This low financial attractiveness is resulted from several unsupportive regulations: the subsidized electricity tariff, the minimum grid electricity usage limit and the less rewarding net metering scheme. The abolishment of minimum usage limit incurs the greatest increase of NPV to the PV system that is designed to entirely supply the load demand. While the implementation of higher electricity tariff incurs the highest increase of NPV for the PV systems with partial supply scenario. This study shows that at the current electricity tariff, costs of components, and the implemented regulations around the adoption of PV system, it is financially unfeasible to install a PV system on the mosque rooftop.
Carbon-nanotube yarns induce axonal regeneration in peripheral nerve defect
Authors: Kodama Akira , Ishikawa Masakazu , Kunisaki Atsushi , Ueda Takahiro , Lima Marcio D , Kondo Takeshi , Adachi Nobuo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are cylindrical nanostructures, and have unique combination of properties including flexibility, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility. We focused on CNTs fabricated with the carbon nanotube yarns (cYarn®) as a possible substrate that could promote peripheral nerve regeneration with these properties. We bridged a 15mm rat sciatic nerve defect with five different density of cYarn®. Eight weeks after the surgery, the density of regenerated axons crossing the CNTs, electromyographical findings, and muscle weight ratio of the lower leg showed recovery of the motor function by the interfacing with cYarn®. Our results indicated that a 2% CNT density tended to be most effective for nerve regeneration as measured by both histological axonal regeneration and motor function. We confirmed that CNT yarn, used as a scaffold bridging nerve gaps, promotes peripheral nerve regeneration. Our results support the future clinical application of CNTs for bridging nerve gaps as an off-the-shelf material.
Highly effective Fe-N-C electrocatalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction originated from 2,6-diaminopyridine
Authors: Yang Weixiang , Tang Shuihua , Huang Qiankuan , Zhang Qian , Tang Zhen , Yang Shuang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fe-N-C electrocatalysts have been intensively studied due to their extraordinary catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here we prepare a Fe-N-C electrocatalyst through cost-effective and nontoxic precursors of 2,6-diaminopyridine (DAP) and FeCl3, where iron ions react with DAP to formed Fe-Nx species first, followed by polymerization and pyrolysis. X-ray diffraction patterns display no obvious Fe2O3 peaks observed in the catalyst as the nominal content of iron addition is less than 10 wt%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra indicate that the catalyst has rich pyridinic nitrogen, graphitic nitrogen and Fe-Nx species, which are considered as active sites for ORR. Therefore the catalyst demonstrates an excellent catalytic activity with an onset potential of about 0.96 V, half-wave potential of about 0.84 V, and a limiting current density of 5.8 mA cm-2, better than commercial Pt/C catalyst in an alkaline medium. Furthermore its stability is also much more excellent than that of Pt/C. This work provides a strategy to synthesize universal M-N-C catalysts.
Numerical Simulation of Convex Shape Beam Spot on Stress Field of Plasma-sprayed MCrAlY&nbsp;Coating During Laser Cladding Process
Authors: Zhang Peipei , Chu Jiaqing , Qu Guang , Wang Dongsheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to reduce the thermal stress at clad layer and further reduce the crack generation in the laser cladding process, a method of controlling the cracks at clad layer by changing the laser energy density was proposed. The comparative thermal-mechanical coupling finite element analysis was conducted for the uniform rectangular spot and convex shape beam spot cladding processes on plasma-sprayed MCrAlY coating through the numerical simulation method based on the ANSYS software. The results show that the rapid heating and cooling characteristics, which are typical in laser processing, are manifested in the cladding process using the uniform rectangular spot, and the convex shape spot can exert the preheating and slow cooling effects to a certain extent, so as to reduce the temperature gradient of the cladding zone and non-cladding zone. In addition, on the precondition of equivalent cladding effect, the thermal stress at the clad layer is also low, so the cracking tendency of the clad layer can be effectively mitigated. Relative to the laser beam shaped diffractive optical element special for design and manufacturing, superposing two uniform rectangular spots with different sizes and energy densities is a simpler and more effective method of acquiring the convex shape spot.
The Value of Autopsy in Preterm Infants At A Swedish Tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit 2002-2018
Authors: Hoffsten Alice , Markasz Laszlo , Ericson Katharina , Nelin Leif D , Sindelar Richard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Reliable data on causes of death (COD) in preterm infants is needed to assess perinatal care and current clinical guidelines. In this retrospective observational analysis of all deceased preterm infants born <37 weeks’ gestational age (n=278; 2012-2018) at a Swedish tertiary neonatal intensive care unit, we compared preliminary COD from Medical Death Certificates with autopsy defined COD (2002-2018), and assessed changes in COD between two periods (Period 1: 2002-2009 vs Period 2: 2011-2018). Autopsy was performed in 73% of all cases and was more than twice as high compared to national rates of infant autopsies in Sweden (33%). Autopsy defined COD differed from preliminary COD in 34.9% of the cases. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) as COD increased between Period 1 and 2 (5% vs 26%), while intraventricular hemorrhage decreased (13% vs 6%). The autopsy rate did not change between the two study periods (75% vs 71%). We conclude that autopsy changed the preliminary COD in a third of cases, while the incidence of NEC as COD increased markedly during the study period. Since there is a high risk to determine COD incorrectly based solely on clinical findings in preterm infants, autopsy remains a valuable method to obtain reliable COD.
Facemasks and COVID-19 case fatality rate
Authors: Fögen Zacharias 
Published: March 2021

Mask mandates have been a globally used epidemiologic intervention
during the ongoing COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic.
Although there is extensive supporting literature on the use of facemask
to reduce infection rates, its effect on the individual and course of
disease has remained controversial. The purpose of this study was to
find if mandatory masking influences the case fatality rate. This study
used data on case updates, mask mandates, and demographic status related
to the Kansas state, USA. The data were analyzed using a parallelization
approach based on county-level data.
The results showed that in Kansas during the summer of 2020, the
counties with mask mandate had significantly higher case fatality rates
compared to counties without mask mandate, with a risk ratio of 1.85
[1.51-2.10] for death with COVID-19.
Even after adjusting for the number of ‘protected persons’, i.e., the
number of persons who were not infected in the mask-mandated group
compared to the no-mask group, the risk ratio remained significantly
high at 1.52 [1.24-1.72]. By analyzing the excess mortality in
Kansas, this study determines that over 95% of this effect can solely
be attributed to COVID-19. The cause of this trend and the possible
connection between long-term effects associated with SARS-CoV-2 and
facemasks are explained in the theory herein by the ‘foegen effect’;
i.e., deep reinhalation of pure virions caught in the facemasks as
droplets can worsen the prognosis.
This finding suggests that the use of facemasks in COVID-19 pandemic did
contribute to an increase in the death toll counterintuitive of its
purpose, making mask mandates a highly debatable epidemiologic
intervention.
Effects of Middle School Physical Education Curriculum on Student Attitudes
Authors: David BARNEY David , Joe DEUTSCH Joe 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
Middle school physical education can serve as an important tool in shaping students opinions and behaviors regarding lifelong physical activity. The curriculum in middle school physical education is one component that can positively or negatively affect a students’ attitude toward physical activity throughout their life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the middle school physical education curriculum and its effect on middle school students' attitudes and perceptions towards their physical education class. It was found that middle school students do like the curriculum they participate in, mainly consisting of team sports.
中學體育在塑造學生的觀點和行為，可能擔當一個關於終身體育活動的重要工具。中學體育課程能夠正面地或間接地影響學生對體育活動的態度，以及他們日常生活行為的一個組分。本項研究的目的將調查中學體育課程及它的作用，如何影響中學生的日常行為及對體育的態度。結果中學生整體上喜歡體育課程，尤其是隊際體育項目。
Body Fat and Somatotype among Malaysian School Netball Players by Playing Performance
Authors: SOH K. G. , SOH K. L. , O. F. Mohd Sofian , ONG S. L. , O. O. 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
This research was to detennine the anthropometric profile among Under-18 year old Malaysian School Sports Council (MSSM) netball players. The anthropometric measures taken were height, body mass, body fat, and somatotype. It also investigated the differences in the anthropometric profile by playing performance. The subjects were all the 150 netball players who represented their states in the Under-18 MSSM Netball Competition in 2006・ They were divided into three categories by their playing performance - good, medium and fair. The body fat was measured using the skinfold method, and the somatotype using the Heath and Carter Somatotyping method. A significant difference was found in height by playing performance, with f-value of f(2, 147)=4.82, (p<.01). However, there were no significat differences in body mass, body fat and somatotype. The mean parameter values were height (164.79 ± 6.40 cm), body mass (58.76 ± 922 kg), body fat (1223+3.49%) and somatotype (3.29±0.99-3.52±1.48-2.69±1.18). The best players were the tallest, heaviest and had the highest body fat. They also had meso-endomorphic bodies while the lesser players were endo-mesomorphic.
此研究是測定馬來西亞體育學校理事會18歲以下投球球員的外型人體測量。人體測量度是以球員的高度、體質量、體脂和體型分類來判斷。藉此從表現狀況調查外型人體測量的差別。150名受試者都是代表各州參加2006年18歲以下馬來西亞體育學校理事會投球賽的球員，把她們的比賽表現分為三組--優良、中等和一般。研究運用測量皮膚表層的方法來固定體脂與Health-Carter人體測量方法測定體型調查。依據比賽的表現，發現球員的高度有顯著的差別(2, 147)=4.82, (p<.01)。可是，體質量、體脂和體型分類卻沒有明顯的差異。調查結果顯示各平均參數如下：高度(164.79 ± 6.40 cm)，體質量(58.76 ± 9.22 kg)，體脂(12.23±3.49%)和體型分類(3.29+0.99-3.52± 1.48-2.69± 1.18)。最優秀的球員身材較高大，擁有較高的體脂，她們多具有中胚層-內胚層體型而少數的球員是屬內胚層-中胚層體型。
Comparison on the Effect of Doing Exercise, Listening to Music and Taking Quiet Rest on Mood Changes
Authors: TSANG Eric C.K. 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
This study compared the effect of doing exercise, listening to music and taking quiet rest on mood changes. Three hundred and thirty seven secondary school students participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to three groups: (a) aerobic exercise group; (b) light instrumental music group; and (c) quiet rest group. All participants were administered with the Profile Of Mood State (POMS; Grove & Prapavessis, 1992) before and after the thirty minutes activity. It was found that both doing exercise and listening to music were effective in resulting a mood change by lowering the negative mood state. Participants after doing exercise reported a significant increase in positive mood. Conversely, participants after taking a quiet rest reported an increase in negative mood. It was concluded that doing exercise was most effective to achieve a positive mood change, yet, for those non-exercisers, listening to music could also induce positive psychological changes.
此研究是比較進行運動，聆聽音樂，及靜坐，對情緒的影響。三百三十七位参與測試的中學生，隨機分為三組，(a) 帶氧運動組，(b) 聆聽輕音樂組，及 (c)靜坐組。實驗進行三十分鐘，各参加者在實驗前及後都以Profile Of Mood State(POMS; Grove & Prapavessis, 1992) 作答，以探討他們的情緒變化；研究顯示進行運動及聆聽音樂，都能有效降低負面情緒，而進行運動者在正面情緒方面，更有明顯提升; 反而，靜坐組顯示在實驗後負面情緒有明顯上升，此研究作出結論，進行運動對改善情緒最為有效，但聆聽音樂對非運動愛好者，亦能改善心理狀况。
Survey Study of the Use of Nutritional Supplements in Taiwan Elite Athletes
Authors: CAI Zong Yan , HSU Ku Fu , LIN Yi An , HSU Cheng Chen , TSENG Yu Wa , SU Borcherng , HSU Mei Chich 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
The purpose of this study was to understand the current usage of nutritional supplements in Taiwan elite athletes. This study adopting purposive sampling, we surveyed 105 male and 80 female athletes across sports selected for doping control at the National Athletic Games during year 2007 in Taiwan to understand the athletes’ use of nutritional supplements 14 days prior to the games. Categories of nutritional supplements include vitamin/mineral supplements, amino acid supplements, instant energy supplements, healthcare foods, and drinks. The results indicated 88.1% of the athletes have used nutritional supplements. The usage rates for different categories of nutritional supplements were vitamin/mineral supplements (48.1%), drinks (45.9%), healthcare foods (39.5%), amino acid supplements (31.9%), and instant energy supplements (24.9%). Female athletes had a higher tendency to use vitamin/mineral supplements (55.0% vs. 42.9%) and healthcare foods (47.5% vs. 33.3%) compared to male athletes. Among the sports, weightlifters/bodybuilders and swimmers have all used nutritional supplements (100%), especially the use of creatine for the weightlifters/bodybuilders (69.7%) and multivitamin (76.2%) for the swimmers. In addition, the most consumed types in different categories of nutritional supplements were multivitamins (37.3%) for vitamin/ mineral supplements, creatine (26.5%) for amino acid supplements, chocolate (15.1%) for instant energy supplements, Cordymax Cs-4 Capsules (16.2%) for healthcare foods, and sports drinks (42.4%) for drinks. In conclusion, the results on the current use of nutritional supplements for Taiwan elite athletes could act as a reference to coaches, athletes and sports organizations.
本研究目的在於了解台灣優秀選手使用營養增補劑的現況。本研究採立意抽樣，我們調查了2007年全國運動會(全運會) 期間，105 名男性以及 80 名女性需接受運動禁藥抽檢之選手，以了解其比賽前14天使用營養增補劑的情形。營養增補劑種類包括：維生素/礦物質、胺基酸補給品、即時能量補給品、保健食品，以及飲料類。本研究結果顯示88.1%的運動員有使用營養增補劑。不同種類的營養增補劑中，選手使用率分別為維生素/礦物質 (48.1%)；飲料 (45.9%)；保健食品 (39.5%)；胺基酸補給品 (31.9%)；即時能量補給品 (24.9%)。相較於男性選手，女性選手在維生素/礦物質 (55.0% vs. 42.9%) 與保健食品 (47.5% vs. 33.3%) 的使用率有較高的趨勢。在所有的運動項目中，舉重/健美以及游泳選手營養增補劑的使用率為100%，特別是舉重/健美選手對肌酸 (69.7%)，以及游泳選手對綜合維生素 (76.2%)有較高的使用率。此外，不同種類的營養增補劑中，選手最常使用的分別為維生素/礦物質之綜合維生素 (37.3%)；胺基酸補給品之肌酸 (26.5%)；即時能量補給品之巧克力 (15.1%)；保健食品類之動能食物膠囊 (16.2%)；飲料類之運動飲料 (42.4%)。本研究對台灣優秀選手使用增補劑的現況之結果可作為教練、選手以及各級運動團體之參考。