bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alteration of Trabecular Aqueous Flow After Cataract Extraction
Authors: Melamed S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two human eyes that had undergone intracapsular cataract extraction were perfused with cationized ferritin. In both eyes segmental areas of trabecular meshwork collapse were demonstrated superiorly, adjacent to the cataract incision. Electron-microscopic study of these regions disclosed no labeling of the trabecular beams and trabecular spaces, suggesting impermeability to aqueous flow. In other regions, a diffuse labeling with cationized ferritin was demonstrated throughout the trabecular spaces, indicating aqueous flowthrough. Use of corneoscleral sutures may cause trabecular collapse and impermeability. When the collapse is extensive, subsequent increase in intraocular pressure may follow.
Comparison of Optic Disc Features in Low-Tension and Typical Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Miller Kevin M , Quigley Harry A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study was undertaken to identify features of optic nerve head architecture that might explain, in part, why ganglion cell loss occurs in patients with low-tension glaucoma. We compared retrospectively the disc photographs of 25 patients with low-tension glaucoma with those of 26 control patients with typical open-angle glaucoma. No differences were observed in any of the following features: pore length, shape, or size variation; cup/disc and disc/arteriole ratio; clock positions of total rim loss; central retinal vessel entry site; rim pallor; number of rim-crossing vessels; and presence or absence of peripapillary nerve fiber layer hemorrhages, optic pits, and central retinal vessel canals. An hour-glass appearance of connective tissue bundles within the scleral lamina cribrosa, however, was present statistically less often in patients with lowtension glaucoma (p=0.007). We speculate that the microscopic arrangement of fiber bundles within the lamina cribrosa may play an etiologic role in the pathogenesis of low-tension glaucoma.
Exposure Keratitis Following Cataract Surgery on the Fellow Eye
Authors: Faris David A , O'Day Denis M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two patients developed exposure keratitis in the nonoperated eye during intraocular surgery under local anesthesia. These cases demonstrate that potentially serious injuries may occur to the fellow eye even with the use of local anesthesia and that special precautions should be taken to avoid this problem.
Conjunctival Melanoma in Africa
Authors: Schwab Larry , Green W Richard 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Malignant melanoma of the eye and adnexa is rare in blacks. A highly unusual malignant melanoma of the tarsal conjunctiva in an adult Ethiopian female, believed to be the first reported in a black patient, is described. Factors that contribute to melanoma in blacks and rates of occurrence are reviewed and discussed.
Results from 7-mm Bilateral Recessions of the Medial Rectus Muscles for Congenital Esotropia
Authors: Weakley David R , Parks MarshalI M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We reviewed the surgical records of 77 patients who had undergone 7-mm bilateral medial rectus recessions for large-angle congenital esotropia. The mean age of onset of esotropia in these patients was 3.5 months, and the mean age at the time of surgery was 12.9 months. The mean preoperative deviation was 69 Δ of esotropia. This procedure resulted in satisfactory horizontal alignment in 47 patients (61%) at their latest follow-up examination (mean, 27 months; range, 6 months to 6 years). The esotropia was undercorrected in 21 patients (27%) and overcorrected in nine (12%). Amblyopia was noted in 30%, oblique muscle dysfunction in 44%, and dissociated vertical deviation in 36% of the patients. Regression analysis of multiple variables showed alignment at 6 weeks to be the only predictor of the final outcome (R = .83). Extramacular fusion was achieved in 10 of 11 patients for whom reliable sensory data were available. The mean age at surgery of these patients was 9.7 months. Seven-millimeter bilateral medial rectus recessions are an effective alternative to three- and four-muscle procedures in the initial treatment of large-angle congenital esotropia during infancy.
Retinal Detachment Adherent to Posterior Chamber IOL After Molteno Implant Surgery
Authors: Huna Ruth , Melamed Shlomo , Hirsh Ami , Treister Giora 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A patient with refractory glaucoma 1 year after cataract extraction and trabeculectomy had Molteno implant surgery. Three days after surgery a kissing choroidal effusion and retinal detachment adherent to the posterior chamber IOL were detected. Repeated choroidal taps were unsuccessful. Removal of the Molteno implant, vitrectomy, and silicone oil injection were required to reattach the retina.
Argon Laser Pretreatment 4 to 6 Weeks Before Nd:YAG Laser Iridotomy
Authors: Fleck B W , Wright E , McGlynn C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Argon laser pretreatment followed by Nd:YAG laser iridotomy 4 to 6 weeks later was performed in the right eye of 10 patients. Primary Nd:YAG laser iridotomy was performed in the left eye. Significantly more Nd:YAG laser energy was needed to produce an iridotomy in pretreated eyes (P < .001). Pretreated eyes developed a significantly larger pigment epithelium defect around the iridotomy site and a greater degree of pigmentation of the inferior part of the trabecular meshwork 6 months following treatment. Argon laser pretreatment followed by Nd:YAG laser iridotomy 4 to 6 weeks later appears to offer no advantages over primary Nd:YAG laser iridotomy.
Lamellar Corneal Autograft for Corneal Perforation
Authors: Lam Sheridan , Rapuano Christopher J , Krachmer Jay H , Lam Byron L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A corneal perforation developed in the right eye of a 46-year-old man after removal of a corneal foreign body. Two attempts to seal the perforation with cyanoacrylate glue failed. The patient subsequently underwent lamellar corneal autograft, which successfully closed the perforation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of repairing a corneal perforation with lamellar corneal autograft.
Modified Vitrectomy for Impending Macular Holes
Authors: Chambers Robert B , Davidorf Frederick H , Gresak Paula , Stief William C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report a consecutive series of 13 eyes (11 patients) treated with pars plana vitrectomy, in which surgical manipulation of the prefoveal layer of cortical vitreous was avoided, for stage I (eight eyes) and stage II (five eyes) macular hole formation. Average follow up was 8.1 months (range, 2 to 13 months). There was no significant improvement in vision in the patients with stage II macular holes; however, vision in these patients stabilized and did not fall below 20/400. Visual acuity improved in seven of the eight patients with stage I holes. The results for both these groups achieved by our modified vitrectomy, which is relatively easy to perform and involves minimal intraoperative manipulation of the fovea, are consistent with those obtained by methods involving more aggressive cortical vitreous stripping of the fovea.
Retinal Tolerance of an Implantable Light Source for Use During Vitrectomy Surgery
Authors: Vander James F , Eagle Ralph C , Brown Gary C , Arbizo Violeta , Shakin Eric P , Reber Ruth 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To assess for the possible development of a phototoxic lesion, we exposed five Dutch belted rabbit retinas to constant illumination with an implantable "chandelier" light source at maximal intensity for 1 hour. No clinically apparent lesion developed in any of the experimentally treated eyes by 48 to 72 hours posttreatment. Light and electron microscopic examination failed to reveal any of the characteristic changes of retinal phototoxicity. A control eye treated with a 20-minute exposure to a standard endoilluminator probe at maximal intensity held 2 mm from the retinal surface demonstrated typical light and electron microscopic phototoxic abnormalities, whereas a retina similarly treated with a 5-minute exposure was normal. We have confirmed that a standard endoilluminator probe can create a phototoxic lesion in the experimental setting. Furthermore, no phototoxicity from the sustained retinal exposure to a fixed, implantable light source for a clinically relevant duration could be demonstrated.
Intravitreal U75412E: A New Free Radical Scavenger
Authors: Fiscella Richard , Gagliano Donald A , Peachey Neal S , Feist Richard , Dunn Robert , Lam Tim-Tak 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Free-radical-mediated tissue damage is thought to be involved in a multitude of ophthalmic pathologies. Therefore, drugs that scavenge free radicals may find wide clinical application. A new chemical class of antiinflammatory agents, the 21-aminosteroids, has been developed as free radical scavengers. These agents are thought to inhibit lipid peroxidation and prevent the release of free arachidonic acid from injured cell membranes. In the present study, we investigated the intraocular toxicity of one of the 21-aminosteroids, U75412E. Intravitreal doses of up to 0.1 mg of U75412E were nontoxic to rabbit ocular tissues.
Surface Reaction on Silicone Tubes Used in the Treatment of Nasolacrimal Drainage System Obstruction
Authors: Ruby Alan J , Lissner Gary S , O'Grady Richard 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Silicone tubes removed from patients who underwent intubation of the nasolacrimal system for acquired or congenital obstruction were studied to determine the cellular reaction on the tubes and to assess the relationship between the length of intubation and the cellular response. Twenty-one tubes were available for analysis. Length of intubation varied from 39 to 415 days; patient ages varied from 10 months to 75 years. All patients had undergone dacryocystorhinostomy or closed intubation of the nasolacrimal system. No patient had clinical signs of infection at the time of tube removal. All tubes were mounted on glass slides and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The reactions seen, together with the location and type of cells present, were graded by a masked observer. There were varying numbers of inflammatory cells, predominantly polymorphonuclear leukocytes. As the length of intubation increased, the number of inflammatory cells also increased. The proximal portion of the tubing showed the least amount of cellular reaction at all lengths of intubation.
Balloon Catheter Dilatation in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Becker Bruce B , Berry F Dean 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Balloon catheter dilatation was performed in five children with nasolacrimal duct obstruction who had failed probing or silicone intubation, or who were 6 years of age or older. A patent lacrimal system was achieved in four of these children. Balloon catheter dilatation may offer an alternative to silicone intubation in children with nasolacrimal duct obstruction who fail probing or who are at least 2 years old.
Electron Microscopic Appearances of Human Corneal Endothelium Following Nd:YAG Laser Iridotomy
Authors: Power William J , Collum Louis M T 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We looked at the electron microscopic appearances of the corneal endothelium following neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser iridotomy in a patient with a shallow anterior chamber. An area of denuded endothelial cells approximately 500 µm in diameter was produced when no contact lens was used. The area of cell loss was reduced by approximately 50% when an Abraham YAG goniolens was used. We conclude that the use of a positive plus contact lens can help minimize cell loss following Nd:YAG laser iridotomy.
Probe Orientation in Contact Nd: YAG Laser Cyclophotocoagulation
Authors: Bloom Michael , Weber Paul A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigated the effect of the angle orientation of the probe during Nd:YAG transscleral cyclophotocoagulation. We found, based on histologic evaluation of the ciliary processes and surrounding structures, that the angle at which the probe was placed on the eye was critical. A probe angulation as little as 15° off the perpendicular destroyed sites less than optimal for achieving the goal of decreasing aqueous humor production.
Chronic Corneal Perforations
Authors: Saini J S , Sharma Ashok , Grewal S P S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the etiological profile and management with simple patch, tarsorrhaphies, conjunctival flaps, tissue adhesive, or penetrating keratoplasty of 104 chronic corneal perforations in a North India population. Chronic corneal perforations were observed in infective keratitis, degenerative keratolysis, neurotrophic keratitis, chemical burns, dry eyes, collagen vascular diseases, and following cataract extraction. A two-stage tissue adhesive application and adhesive-assisted debridement of epithelial lining at the cornea surface of perforation were important factors in healing. Although penetrating keratoplasties brought comparable anatomical and functional success in these cases, in developing countries, where facilities for keratoplasty and availability of corneal donor is poor, detection and management of small perforations in diseased cornea with tissue adhesive is recommended.
Office Probing of Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Stager David , Baker John D , Frey Thomas , Weakley David R , Birch Eileen E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the results of office nasolacrimal duct probing under topical anesthesia in 2369 eyes with symptomatic nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The overall success rate for cure by initial probing was 92%. In patients less than 9 months old, a 94% cure rate was achieved with one probing; in patients 9 months and older, the rate decreased to 84%. The decrease in success rate after 9 months was statistically significant (P < .00001 by chi-square analysis). A majority of 180 parents of these patients surveyed said they were happy with the office procedure and preferred having the probing performed to resolve symptoms, even though they realized that the symptoms most probably would resolve by 1 year of age without it. We conclude that office probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is a safe and effective method for treatment of symptomatic nasolacrimal duct obstruction, allowing the cost and risk of general anesthesia as well as the cost and inconvenience of prolonged medical management to be avoided.
Black-Diaphragm Intraocular Lens for Correction of Aniridia
Authors: Sundmacher Rainer , Reinhard Thomas , Althaus Christoph 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In cooperation with Morcher GmbH, we developed a black-diaphragm aphakia intraocular lens (IOL) designed to correct congenital and traumatic aniridia. Since June 1991, we have implanted this IOL into five eyes with congenital aniridia combined with cataract, and into eight eyes with traumatic aniridia combined with cataract or aphakia. Positioning the IOL was rather difficult, especially in the traumatic cases with inadequate capsular support, and in combination with penetrating keratoplasty.
After up to 15 months' follow up, functional results are encouraging. However, slight persistent intraocular inflammation was observed in all of the eyes, more obviously in the traumatic cases. The effect of the IOL on the corneal endothelium is still being investigated. Cystoid macular edema was observed in one eye, but probably preexisted in this eye, following several earlier surgical procedures. Glaucoma was observed preoperatively in five eyes; postoperatively, in six. After surgery, it was controlled medically in 4 eyes, surgically in 1, and remained uncontrolled in 1.
Hypoperfusion of the Iris and its Consequences in Anterior Segment Pigment Dispersal Syndrome
Authors: Brooks Anne M V , Gillies W E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The effects of changes in iris perfusion in anterior segment pigment dispersal syndrome (ASPDS) were examined by iris fluorescein angiography in 29 patients (20 men and 9 women; mean age, 49 ± 14 years; range, 29 to 77 years). All showed hypoperfusion, with mild to moderate microneovascularization. There was a significant relationship between the degree of hypoperfusion and pigment scatter (P < .05), and between the level of intraocular pressure (IOP) and angle pigmentation (P < .01). No statistically significant relation was found between hypoperfusion and iris leak, nor between the level of IOP and iris hypoplasia, hypoperfusion, leakage of dye, pigment scatter, or iris processes. These findings suggest that iris hypoplasia and hypoperfusion are the underlying causes of ASPDS with a congenital etiology.
Vitreous Opacities in Phacolytic Glaucoma
Authors: Thomas Ravi , Braganza Andrew , George Thomas , Mermoud André 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To report five cases of vitreous opactfication in phacolytic glaucoma (PG).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of patients with PG were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 135 eyes with PG were studied to determine the presence of vitreous opacification.
* RESULTS: Five eyes with PG demonstrated opacification of the vitreous, which was first noted at surgery and confirmed postoperatively. All patients had had symptoms of PG for 7 days or more (mean ± SD, 10.6 ± 2.4 days) before they sought medical attention. Three eyes had a hypopyon on preoperative examination; two of these eyes showed refractile crystals in the anterior chamber. The opacities resolved spontaneously in all five eyes over a period of 12 weeks and interfered with visual acuity only in the immediate postoperative period.
* CONCLUSION: Vitreous opacification in PG is a self-limited process that may not require surgical intervention unless more rapid visual rehabilitation is desired. The vitreous opacification probably results from an exaggeration of the process causing the anterior chamber reaction.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:839-843.]
Vitrectomy and Systemic Fluconazole for Treatment of Endogenous Fungal Endophthalmitis
Authors: Christmas Nancy J , Smiddy William E 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy and oral fluconazole without injection of intravitreal antimycotic agents in the treatment of vitritis resulting from Candida endophthalmitis.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Six eyes of five patients with suspected Candida endophthalmitis were treated with pars plana vitrectomy and systemic fluconazole for at least 3 weeks. Patients were observed postoperatively for at least 4 months.
RESULTS: Clinical signs of infection cleared and visual acuity improved postoperatively in all six cases. One recurrent case was attributed to a retained indwelling venous catheter.
CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of advanced endogenous Candida endophthalmitis with vitrectomy and systemic fluconazole offers an effective alternative to management with intravitreal amphotericin B in selected cases.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:1012-1018.]
Results of a Repeated Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia
Authors: Hefetz Limor , Krakowski David , Haviv David , Eshkoly Moshe , Nemet Pinhas 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: As photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) becomes more widely used, the incidence of repeated PRK increases. The present study was conducted to evaluate results of repeated PRK in view of the meager data on this topic.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, the authors reviewed the records of 1028 eyes that had undergone PRK, and analyzed the results of 66 eyes that required a second PRK for undercorrection according to baseline refraction.
* RESULTS: A second PRK was performed in 6.3%, 13.7%, and 10.1% of low, moderate, and high myopes, respectively. The mean refraction 1 year after repeated PRK was similar in both myopic groups: less than -1 .00 D. Of the low myopes, 87.50% had residual refraction within 1 D after 1 year. Of the moderate myopes, 88.23% had residual refraction within 1 D after 1 year. All of the low myopes achieved uncorrected visual acuity (VA) of 20/25 or better 1 year after repeated PRK, compared with 58.82% of the moderate myopes. Loss of best-corrected VA never exceeded two Lines.
* CONCLUSION: The overall results of PRK appear to be satisfactory.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:8-13.]
Erbiumr:YAG Laser Sclerectomy With a Sapphire Optical Fiber
Authors: McHam M Lisa , Eisenberg Dan L , Schuman Joel S , Wang Nan 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Laser sclerectomy may offer advantages to conventional glaucoma filtering surgery by minimizing conjunctival manipulation and subsequent subconjunctival scarring and by providing easier access to difficult locations. It has been theorized that minimizing collateral thermal damage may enhance the success rate and reduce complications associated with laser sclerectomy. The thermal damage induced by the pulsed erbium:yttrium aluminum garnet (EnYAG) laser is notably less than that of other laser modalities, including neodymium:YAG (1.06 pm), ErYSGG (2.79 urn), holmiumYAG (2.10 pm), and holmiumYSGG (2.10 pm). A major obstacle to the clinical use of the ErYAG laser has been the lack of an efficient and reliable delivery system. The single-crystal sapphire optical fiber has an acceptable attenuation rate and favorable characteristics for delivery of the Er: YAG wavelength in a clinical setting.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: An ErYAG laser (2.94 pm) focused into a 300-pm, single-crystal sapphire fiber was used to create ab-externo sclerectomies with varying energy levels and pulse rates in each eye of six anesthetized rabbits and six human cadaver eyes. Specimens then underwent histopathologic analysis and determination of the thermal damage zone.
* RESULTS: For the rabbit sclerectomies, there was a significant positive correlation between energy per pulse and the diameter of the thermal damage zone, which averaged 22.0 ± 12.7 urn for all energy levels. For the human sclerectomies, a positive correlation existed between the total energy delivered (mj /pulse X total pulses) and the thermal damage zone, with the mean thermal damage zone being 25.0 ± 9.0 urn.
* CONCLUSION: The ErYAG laser with a sapphire optical fiber delivery system is an effective means of creating ab-externo sclerectomies with minimal thermal damage.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:55-58. J
Endophthalmitis Caused by Serratia marcescens
Authors: Cohen Steven M , Flynn Harry W , Miller Darlene 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features and treatment outcomes of 10 patients with culture-proven Serratia marcescens endophthalmitis.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Records from the microbiology laboratory for the period from January 1980 through June 1993 were reviewed. Ten patients were identified who had positive anterior chamber or vitreous cultures and clinical signs of endophthalmitis. The medical records for these 10 patients were reviewed, and the patients were contacted for reexamination when possible.
* RESULTS: All 10 cases of 5. marcescens endophthalmitis occurred after ocular surgery. Eight eyes received intraocular antibiotics and 2 eyes were primarily enucleated or eviscerated. All organisms were sensitive to aminoglycosides and to ceftazidime. Repeat vitreous cultures were positive in 5 cases despite appropriate initial therapy with intravitreal and intravenous antibiotics. Final visual acuity was 20/400 or better in 4 of 10 eyes. A total of 4 eyes were enucleated or eviscerated at final follow-up. Eyes with light perception or better visual acuity had a mean follow-up of 23 months.
* CONCLUSION: S. marcescens can cause persistent endophthalmitis despite appropriate intravitreal and systemic antibiotic therapy. Eyes with S. marcescens endophthalmitis have a poor visual prognosis.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:195-200.]