bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of Facebook’s Social Connectedness Index in Modeling COVID-19 Spread: Exponential Random Graph Modeling Study
Authors: Prusaczyk Beth , Pietka Kathryn , Landman Joshua M , Luke Douglas A 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe COVID-19 (the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus) pandemic has underscored the need for additional data, tools, and methods that can be used to combat emerging and existing public health concerns. Since March 2020, there has been substantial interest in using social media data to both understand and intervene in the pandemic. Researchers from many disciplines have recently found a relationship between COVID-19 and a new data set from Facebook called the Social Connectedness Index (SCI).ObjectiveBuilding off this work, we seek to use the SCI to examine how social similarity of Missouri counties could explain similarities of COVID-19 cases over time. Additionally, we aim to add to the body of literature on the utility of the SCI by using a novel modeling technique.MethodsIn September 2020, we conducted this cross-sectional study using publicly available data to test the association between the SCI and COVID-19 spread in Missouri using exponential random graph models, which model relational data, and the outcome variable must be binary, representing the presence or absence of a relationship. In our model, this was the presence or absence of a highly correlated COVID-19 case count trajectory between two given counties in Missouri. Covariates included each county’s total population, percent rurality, and distance between each county pair.ResultsWe found that all covariates were significantly associated with two counties having highly correlated COVID-19 case count trajectories. As the log of a county’s total population increased, the odds of two counties having highly correlated COVID-19 case count trajectories increased by 66% (odds ratio [OR] 1.66, 95% CI 1.43-1.92). As the percent of a county classified as rural increased, the odds of two counties having highly correlated COVID-19 case count trajectories increased by 1% (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.01). As the distance (in miles) between two counties increased, the odds of two counties having highly correlated COVID-19 case count trajectories decreased by 43% (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.43-0.77). Lastly, as the log of the SCI between two Missouri counties increased, the odds of those two counties having highly correlated COVID-19 case count trajectories significantly increased by 17% (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.09-1.26).ConclusionsThese results could suggest that two counties with a greater likelihood of sharing Facebook friendships means residents of those counties have a higher likelihood of sharing similar belief systems, in particular as they relate to COVID-19 and public health practices. Another possibility is that the SCI is picking up travel or movement data among county residents. This suggests the SCI is capturing a unique phenomenon relevant to COVID-19 and that it may be worth adding to other COVID-19 models. Additional research is needed to better understand what the SCI is capturing practically and what it means for public health policies and prevention practices.
COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions, Intentions, and Uptake Among Young Adults in the United States: Prospective College-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Gurley Stephen , Bennett Brady , Sullivan Patrick Sean , Kiley Maryellen , Linde Jamie , Szczerbacki David , Guest Jodie 
Published: November 2021

Background
Uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among US young adults, particularly those that belong to racial and ethnic minorities, remains low compared to their older peers. Understanding vaccine perceptions and their influence on vaccination uptake among this population remains crucial to achieving population herd immunity.

Objective
We sought to study perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines as well as intended and actual vaccine uptake among one population of college students, faculty, and staff.

Methods
As part of a larger study aimed at investigating the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission, serology, and perception on a college campus, participants were asked about their views on the COVID-19 vaccine in February 2021. Vaccination status was assessed by self-report in April 2021. Logistic regression was used to calculate prevalence ratios with marginal standardization.

Results
We found that non-White participants were 25% less likely to report COVID-19 vaccination compared to White participants. Among those who were unvaccinated, Black and other non-White participants were significantly more likely to indicate they were unwilling to receive a COVID-19 vaccine compared to White participants. The most common reason for unwillingness to receive the vaccine was belief that the vaccine approval process was rushed.

Conclusions
There are racial differences in perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine among young adults, and these differences might differentially impact vaccine uptake among young racial and ethnic minorities. Efforts to increase vaccine uptake among college populations might require campaigns specifically tailored to these minority groups.
HYPERTENSION IN RELATION TO IMMUNE SYSTEM AND WAY OF LIFE ALONG WITH TREATMENT
Authors: MEHRA RAHUL , AANCHAL  , KALSI SHAINA , GAUTAM SURYA P. 
Published: November 2021

The objective of the review is to explain the pathophysiology, different causes and various treatments involved in hypertension. This article discusses the disease's pathogenesis, etiology, diagnosis, and immunity. This review looks at the main significant epidemiological and clinical studies on the role of several lifestyle factors in hypertension development. This review examines the numerous mechanisms that cause hypertension in order to discover new treatments. In addition, it covers the many types of hypertension therapy. According to different studies, lifestyle habits may have an impact on blood pressure levels.
Moreover, the importance of chronic inflammation in hypertension and its repercussions has been confirmed in genetically engineered mice lacking components of innate and/or adaptive immunity. Immune cell depletion enhances endothelial function, lowers oxidative stress, lowers the vascular tone, and protects against renal interstitial infiltrates, salt retention, and kidney injury. Based on existing literature, there is strong evidence that lifestyle variables can affect blood pressure levels. Then, in hypertensive people, lifestyle changes can help by lowering overall cardiovascular risk and death from any cause. The involvement of immunity as a common thread in the hypertension processes of many organ systems.
DOSE-DEPENDENT PROTECTIVE FEATURES OF LOBOPHORA VARIEGATA METHANOLIC EXTRACT (LVME) IN N-NITROSODIETHYLAMINE INDUCED EXPERIMENTAL HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS IN RATS
Authors: AJITHA ADAIKKALAM , SUBRAMANIAN PERUMAL 
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study explores the anti-cancer property of Lobophora variegata, also an effective dose to treat hepatocarcinoma in Male Albino Wistar rats in N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocarcinoma paradigm and its possible mechanism of action.
Methods: In this study, rats were segregated into five groups; group-1 (control), group-2 treated with 0.01% NDEA through drinking water for 15 w, group-3 NDEA+treated with Lobophora variegata methanolic extract (LVME) (100 mg/kg b.w.), group-4 NDEA+treated with (LVME) (200 mg/kg b.w.) and group-5 NDEA+treated with (LVME) (400 mg/kg b.w.).
Results: After the experimental period, functional and morphological changes in the liver were observed both macro and microscopically, the activities of liver marker enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate and alanine transaminases (AST and ALT) were analyzed. Administration of LVME as 200 mg/kg b.w. (to NDEA treated rats) significantly (i) reduced the preneoplastic lesions alleviated lipid peroxidation through scavenging free radicals, (ii) enhanced antioxidant status and reverted liver/disease marker enzymes plausibly by modulating xenobiotics metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) and by exhibiting antiproliferative and cytoprotective effects.
Conclusion: LVME doses higher than 200 mg/kg b.w. are not effective in quenching the free radicals and restoring the liver functions as saturation level could have been reached; also, doses lower than 200 mg/kg b.w. could not be effective as they are below the optimum dose required to exhibit the pharmacological effects.
Establishing a Contingency Plan to Improve Patient Comfort During Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Insertions: A Quality Improvement Effort
Authors: Wagoner Scott T. , Lorenc Jamie , Edmundson Elizabeth , Schurman Jennifer V. 
Published: November 2021

Highlights

Abstract
Background: Negative outcomes can occur when painful experiences related to needle procedures are not addressed. Patients at the institution in this study were not demonstrating sufficient levels of comfort during peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) placements, so formal assessment of discomfort or distress began via the Pediatric Sedation State Scale (PSSS), and an enhanced approach to comfort planning, built around the Comfort Promise, was implemented. Over 1 year, we aimed to increase the percent of patients meeting sufficient comfort during PICC insertions by our Vascular Access Team (VAT) from 54% to 65%.
Methods: Initially, VAT staff were educated on use of the PSSS and began routinely charting the highest score obtained during each PICC placement. Interventions were delivered concurrently and included (1) changing the VAT culture, (2) process development, (3) consensus building and scale up, and (4) information system modifications. Results: During the project period, 421 PICC insertions were completed. From baseline to the last 8 months, the percent of patients rated as experiencing sufficient comfort (PSSS = 2–3) during PICC placement increased from 54% to 74%, with the percent of patients experiencing significant discomfort or distress (PSSS = 4–5) decreasing from 45% to under 7%.
Conclusions: Success in this project required a culture change. Building consensus by engaging others and integrating with the processes, preferences, and priorities of each area was key. Future work will focus on increasing use of all Comfort Promise bundle elements, identifying patients at risk for escalation, and taking a long-term view to comfort planning, as well as applying lessons learned to other needle procedures.
On the Problem of Lexicographical Representation of Productive Phraseological Patterns (As Shown by Modern Greek Constructional Phrasemes)
Authors: Onufrieva Elizaveta S. , Tresorukova Irina V. 
Published: November 2021

This paper discusses the problems of lexicographical representation of Modern Greek constructional phrasemes – productive phraseological patterns with one or more variable components (slots).
The analysis of Modern Greek general and phraseological dictionaries has shown that, in Modern Greek lexicography, there is no unified approach towards the description of this type of phraseologisms. One of the significant problems associated with lexicographical treatment of Modern Greek constructional phrasemes is that some of them are registered in dictionaries as fully fixed expressions with their slot(s) filled with a specific lexeme or a specific proposition, without any indication that these expressions possess a variable component. Such lexicographical representation of productive phraseological patterns does not reflect the real linguistic usage and does not allow the reader of the dictionary to understand that the expressions described in the dictionary as fully fixed show considerable variation and possess one or two slots that can be filled with a wide range of words or word combinations.
The corpus analysis of the constructional phraseme Ούτε να Ρ (literally, ‘neither if’), which is registered in Modern Greek dictionaries in five different, all fully lexically specified forms, has shown that the specific realizations of this productive phraseological pattern included in the dictionaries either have relatively low frequency of occurrence in the corpus, or are not encountered in the corpus at all. Other realizations of this phraseological pattern account for over 92 % of all the cases of its use in the corpus, but the common pattern behind them can hardly be identified with the help of the existing lexicographical descriptions, as it is registered in the dictionaries under the lemmas of five different lexemes that do not form part of its fixed component.
Based on the findings of this study, the paper raises the issue of developing a new approach towards the description of productive phraseological patterns that currently pose a significant challenge for adequate lexicographical representation.
Avaliação global do idoso através da Telemedicina frente a pandemia do COVID-19: um relato de experiência
Authors: Souza Isabella Junho dos Santos , Celani Rafaela Rezende , Lopes Domitila Natividade Figueiredo , Nogueira Renata Licursi 
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Compreender a avaliação global do idoso, realizada de maneira remota por meio de plataformas online, durante o período de isolamento social ocasionado pela pandemia do COVID-19. Relato de experiência: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo acerca de uma experiência vivenciada por estudantes de Medicina em parceria com centros de cuidado diário direcionados aos idosos. Mediante a aplicação de formulários online, avaliou-se a saúde orgânica, social e psicológica de pacientes com idade superior a 60 anos. Uma vez que o processo de senescência é acompanhado de um declínio da capacidade funcional, a população idosa torna-se mais exposta as condições de vulnerabilidade. Dessa maneira, visando a promoção da continuidade do cuidado integrado, fez-se necessário adequar os atendimentos para a forma remota a fim de não expor tal grupo a riscos ante a pandemia. Considerações finais: A experiência visou a manutenção da qualidade de vida e atenção à saúde do idoso através da Telemedicina, uma ferramenta promissora no âmbito social e na relação médico-paciente, sobretudo nos tempos atuais referentes a pandemia acarretada pela doença COVID-19.
CRYOGENIC TECHNOLOGIES IN BAKERY
Authors: ГЕРАСИМОВА Э.О. , ЛАБУТИНА Н.В. 
Published: November 2021

Представлен обзор современных направлений развития криогенных технологий в хлебопечении. Указаны три основных способа замораживания хлебобулочных изделий. Особое внимание уделено технологии шоковой заморозки хлебопродуктов, выделены ее недостатки и преимущества. Отмечены перспективы внесения в рецептуру ржано-пшеничного хлеба из замороженных полуфабрикатов высокой степени готовности муки чиа. Детально рассмотрен вопрос упаковки замороженных хлебобулочных изделий. Дана оценка в целом перспективам производства и реализации замороженного хлеба в России.
The review of modern directions of development of cryogenic technologies in baking is presented. Three main ways of freezing of bakery products are specified. Special attention is paid to technology of shock freezing of bakery products, its shortcomings and advantages are allocated. The prospects of entering into a compounding of rye-wheat bread from the frozen semi-finished products of high degree of readiness of chia flour are noted. The question of packing of the frozen bakery products is in details considered. An assessment in general is given to the prospects of production and realization of the frozen bread in Russia.
INFLUENCE OF ENZYME PREPARATIONS AND BATONNAGE ON INDICATORS OF QUALITY RED TABLE WINES
Authors: БИРЮКОВА С.А. , АГЕЕВА Н.М. , МАРКОВСКИЙ М.Г. , ГОНТАРЕВА Е.Н. 
Published: November 2021

Исследовано влияние ферментных препаратов Лалзайм ИЭКС-ВИ, Колор энзим (оба производства Франции) и Тренолин руж (Германия) на ферментацию виноматериалов из винограда сорта Каберне-Совиньон. Установлено, что внесение ферментных препаратов Лалзайм ИЭКС-ВИ и Колор энзим в дозировке в 3–4 раза меньшей, чем дозировка препарата Тренолин руж, способствует увеличению выхода сусла и его насыщению компонентами фенольного комплекса, в том числе красящими веществами. При применении препаратов Лалзайм ИЭКС-ВИ и Колор энзим также снижаются дозировки других вспомогательных материалов – бентонита и желатина и потери вина с клеевыми осадками. Образцы виноматериала, обработанные препаратом Лалзайм ИЭКС-ВИ, были наиболее устойчивы к коллоидным помутнениям. Установлено, что применение ферментных препаратов способствует глубокому гидролизу комплексов биополимеров вина, в том числе белково-полифенольно-полисахаридных, до низкомолекулярных соединений – аминокислот, углеводов и фенольных соединений. Установлено, что при батонаже заметно улучшается качество вина (появление мягкости во вкусе, снижение проявления кислотности, формирование яркого сортового аромата), но концентрация фенольных соединений, в том числе красящих веществ, равномерно уменьшается, особенно на 3-м месяце выдержки. Поэтому продолжительность батонажа в технологии красных столовых вин следует ограничить двумя месяцами.
Influence of enzyme preparations Lalzim IEX-VI, Kolor enzyme (both from France) and Trenolin Rouge (Germany) to the fermentation of wine materials from grapes of Cabernet-Sauvignon was investigated. Introduction of enzyme preparations Lalzim IEX-VI and Kolor enzyme in a dosage of 3–4 times smaller than the dosage of the preparation Trenolin Rouge, increases the yield of the wort and saturation components of the phenolic complex, including colorants. When using preparations Lalzim IEX-VI and Kolor enzyme dosage other support materials – bentonite and gelatin and the loss of wine from glutinous rainfall are also decrease. The samples of wine processed by drug Lalzim IEX-VI were the most resistant to colloidal opacities. It was found that the use of enzyme preparations promotes deep hydrolysis of complexes of wine biopolymers, including protein-polyphenol-polysaccharide, to low molecular compounds – amino acids, carbohydrates and phenolic compounds. It is established that the quality of the wine when batonnage is distinctly improved (the appearance of softness on the palate, decreasing the appearance of acidity, the formation of bright varietal aroma), but the concentration of phenolic compounds, including pigments, are evenly reduced, particularly at 3d months of exposure. Therefore, the duration batonnage of in the technology of red table wines should be limited to two months.
DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGICAL LINE FOR OBTAINING HIGH-QUALITY PRODUCTS FROM PUMPKIN SEEDS
Authors: ДЕРЕВЕНКО В.В. , КАСЬЯНОВ Г.И. , НОВОЖЕНОВА А.Д. , БОРОВСКИЙ А.Б. , МИРЗОЗОДА (МИРЗОЕВ) Г.Х. 
Published: November 2021

На основе системного подхода с элементами функционально-структурного анализа рассмотрены традиционные схемы технологических линий для переработки плодов и семян тыквы с целью определения эффективности технологических операций. Выявлены недостатки при проведении гидроочистки семян тыквы от фрагментов плодов с их просеиванием через вращающийся ситовой цилиндр барабанной моечной машины и при подготовке масличного сырья к влаготепловой обработке – измельчению семян тыквы на вальцевых станках. В качестве объекта исследования были выбраны семена тыквы сортов Лазурная, Гитара, Штирийская масляная, Мускатная, Кормовая, выращенной в РФ и Таджикистане. Исследованы качественный состав СО2-экстрактов из семян тыквы, химический и аминокислотный составы СО2-шротов. Установлено, что в СО2-шроте из семян тыквы содержится, %: белка 22–25, липидов 6–13, углеводов 28–37. Представлены комплекс технологических предложений и высокоэффективная технологическая система на модульном уровне для осуществления рациональной поэтапной переработки семян тыквы с целью получения масла прессовым способом и последующим получением из жмыха СО2-экстрактов и высокобелковых СО2-шротов для обогащения блюд общественного питания.
On the basis of a systematic approach with elements of functional and structural analysis, traditional schemes of technological lines for processing fruits and pumpkin seeds are considered in order to determine the effectiveness of technological operations. Disadvantages when carrying out hydro treatment of pumpkin seeds from fragments of fruits with their sifting through a rotating sieve drum washing cylinder device and in the preparation of oilseed raw materials to moisture and heat treatment – grinding pumpkin seeds for rolling machines are revealed. Seeds of pumpkin varieties Lazurnaya, Gitara, Shtiriyskaya maslyanaya, Muskatnaya, Kormovaya , grown in Russia and Tajikistan were chosen as the object of study. Qualitative composition of CO2-extracts from pumpkin seeds, chemical and amino acid compositions of CO2-meal were investigated. It was found that the CO2-meal from pumpkin seeds contains,%: protein 22–25, lipids 6–13, carbohydrates 28–37. A set of technological proposals and a highly efficient technological system at the modular level for the implementation of rational stage-by-stage processing of pumpkin seeds in order to obtain oil by pressing method and subsequent production of CO2-extracts from the cake and high-protein CO2-meals for the enrichment of public catering are presented.
EFFICIENCY OF FLAX SEEDS DISINTEGRATION IN THE CENTRIFUGAL HULLING MACHINE
Authors: ЗУБЦОВ В.А. , ЗВЕРЕВ С.В. , РОСЛЯКОВ Ю.Ф. , ГОНЧАР В.В. 
Published: November 2021

Рассмотрены результаты обрушивания семян масличного льна сорта Северный (Барнаул, ООО «АгроЛен») различной степени обработки – нативные, обезвоженные, бесслизевые на центробежном шелушителе. В серии экспериментов с обезвоженным до 2–3% и бесслизевыми семенами процент выхода ядра был значительно выше, чем при шелушении нативных семян льна влажностью 5–6%: 30 и 28% против 21% соответственно. Представлена формула для расчета необходимой производительности оборудования по сырью при задании производительности по продукту и с учетом коэффициента возврата недоруша, образующегося в процессе шелушения крупной фракции, на доизмельчение. Предлагаемый вариант технологической схемы обрушивания семян льна позволяет достаточно эффективно выделить из семян льна фракцию с повышенным содержанием белка, масла и оболочки с повышенным содержанием лигнанов и пищевых волокон.
Results hulling of seeds of oil flax varieties of the Severnyy (Barnaul, LLC «Agrolen») of various degrees of processing – native, dehydrated, non-syllable in the centrifugal hulling machine are considered. In a series of experiments with dehydrated to 2–3% and non-syllable seeds the percentage of kernel yield was significantly higher than with peeling of native flax seeds with humidity of 5–6%: 30 and 28% against 21%, respectively. The formula for calculating the required performance of the equipment for raw materials when setting the performance of the product and taking into account the return factor of the seeds that have remained undisturbed formed in the process of peeling the coarse fraction for regrinding is presented. The proposed variant of the technological scheme of flaking of flax seeds allows you to allocate effectively to select from them a fraction with a high content of protein and oil and shell with a high content of lignans and dietary fiber.