bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choosing the effective modes of compaction of hard concrete mixtures
Authors: Vasiliev V G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the manufacture of reinforced concrete products and structures, one of the main labor-intensive operations is the compaction of concrete mixtures. All the basic physical and mechanical properties of the molded products, such as density, strength, frost resistance and others, as well as the specified shapes and high-quality surfaces, depend on the quality of mixture compaction. A decrease in the density of a product after compacting concrete mixes by 1% leads to a decrease in the strength of hardened concrete by 5-7%, and when molding products from hard mixtures – up to 13%. The effectiveness of vibration molding of concrete and reinforced concrete products is largely determined by the methods and modes of compacting concrete mixtures in molds. These questions are especially relevant when compacting hard and very hard concrete mixes. The analysis of the existing modes of molding reinforced concrete products from hard concrete mixtures is carried out in this paper. The equipment used for molding reinforced concrete products applies different types of compaction: vibration, shock-vibration and shock. The main parameters of vibroforming machinery are frequency, amplitude and acceleration of the working body, which can be symmetric and asymmetric. The advantages of using asymmetric shock-vibration modes are shown, and a method for creating shock-free asymmetric vibrations is proposed. The results of theoretical and experimental studies are presented, which have shown the high efficiency of compaction of hard concrete mixtures in shock-free asymmetric modes.
Biosynthesis of manganese oxide nanoparticles using Urginea sanguinea and their effects on cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity
Authors: Mahlangeni Nomfundo Thobeka , Moodley Roshila 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Urginea sanguinea, a detoxifier utilised in African herbal medicine, contains toxic cardiac glycosides that are considered to have anticancer properties. In this study, manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnOxNPs) were synthesised using Urginea sanguinea and its isolates, a homoisoflavone (urgineanin E) and a mixture of bufadienolides (proscillaridin A, scillaren A and 5α-4,5-dihydroscillaren A), and their cytotoxic effects and antioxidant activities were investigated. The presence of absorption peaks between 262 nm and 272 nm using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and Mn-O-Mn vibrations in the infrared spectrum confirmed the formation of MnO
x
NPs. Images from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed interconnected spheroidal shapes with nanorods for MnO
x
NPs (extract), and ultrathin nanosheets assembled as nanoflowers for MnO
x
NPs (urgineanin E) and MnO
x
NPs (bufadienolides). The synthesised nanoparticles were evaluated for their anticancer properties using the MTT assay. The cytotoxic effects of MnOxNPs against A549 and HepG2 cancer cell lines increased with increasing concentration with no significant cytotoxicity towards HEK293 normal cells. MnOxNPs were found to exhibit moderate free radical scavenging activity. This warrants further research into the use of manganese oxide nanoparticles synthesised with medicinal plants and active compounds as anticancer agents.
A Changing Landscape of Health Opportunity in the United States: Increases in the Strength of Association Between Childhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Adult Health Between the 1990s and the 2010s
Authors: Fuller-Rowell Thomas E , Nichols Olivia I , Jokela Markus , Kim Eric S , Yildirim Elif Dede , Ryff Carol D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Understanding the changing health consequences of childhood socioeconomic disadvantage (SED) is highly relevant to policy debates on inequality and national and state goals to improve population health. However, changes in the strength of association between childhood SED and adult health over historic time are largely unexamined in the United States. The present study begins to address this knowledge gap. Data were from 2 national samples of adults collected in 1995 (n = 7,108) and 2012 (n = 3,577) as part of the Midlife in the United States study. Three measures of childhood SED (parents’ occupational prestige, childhood poverty exposure, and parents’ education) were combined into an aggregate index and examined separately. The association between childhood SED (aggregate index) and 5 health outcomes (body mass index, waist circumference, chronic conditions, functional limitations, and self-rated health) was stronger in the 2012 sample than the 1995 sample, with the magnitude of associations being approximately twice as large in the more recent sample. Results persisted after adjusting for age, sex, race, marital status, and number of children, and were similar across all 3 measures of childhood SED. The findings suggest that the socioeconomic circumstances of childhood might have become a stronger predictor of adult health in recent decades.
Comprehensive review and evaluation of computational methods for identifying FLT3-internal tandem duplication in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Yuan Danyang , He Xiaoyu , Han Xinyin , Yang Chunyan , Liu Fei , Zhang Shuying , Luan Haijing , Li Ruilin , He Jiayin , Duan Xiaohong , Wang Dongliang , Zhou Qiming , Gao Sujun , Niu Beifang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Internal tandem duplication (ITD) of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3-ITD) constitutes an independent indicator of poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). AML with FLT3-ITD usually presents with poor treatment outcomes, high recurrence rate and short overall survival. Currently, polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis are widely adopted for the clinical detection of FLT3-ITD, whereas the length and mutation frequency of ITD are evaluated using fragment analysis. With the development of sequencing technology and the high incidence of FLT3-ITD mutations, a multitude of bioinformatics tools and pipelines have been developed to detect FLT3-ITD using next-generation sequencing data. However, systematic comparison and evaluation of the methods or software have not been performed. In this study, we provided a comprehensive review of the principles, functionality and limitations of the existing methods for detecting FLT3-ITD. We further compared the qualitative and quantitative detection capabilities of six representative tools using simulated and biological data. Our results will provide practical guidance for researchers and clinicians to select the appropriate FLT3-ITD detection tools and highlight the direction of future developments in this field. Availability: A Docker image with several programs pre-installed is available at https://github.com/niu-lab/docker-flt3-itd to facilitate the application of FLT3-ITD detection tools.
Central importance of emotional and quality-of-life outcomes in the public’s perception of face transplantation
Authors: Murphy D C , Hoyle V , Saleh D , Rees J , Bound Alberti F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Face transplantation is a surgical innovation to manage people with severely interrupted facial function and form. How the public perceive face transplantation and its potential implications for the recipient, donor, and society is unclear. The aim of this study was to understand the public perception of face transplantation, including when it is appropriate, what information is required to feel adequately informed, and which factors influence a person’s willingness to donate their face.

Methods
This was a nationwide survey of participants representative of the GB public. A quantitative analysis was performed. Free-text qualitative responses were coded with thematic content analysis and a narrative analysis was constructed.

Results
The survey included 2122 participants. Face transplantation was considered worth the potential risks if it improved an individual’s quality of life, gave them a ‘normal life’, and/or increased their confidence and social interaction. Respondents were worried about the impact face transplantation might have on donor families, especially recipient families adapting to the identity of the donor. Respondents most concerned about the concept of face transplantation were aged at least 55 years (χ2(4) = 38.9, P &lt; 0.001), women (χ2(1) = 19.8, P &lt; 0.001) , and Indian/Asian (χ2(4) = 11.9, P = 0.016).

Conclusion
The public perceive emotional and psychological outcomes as equally as important as, or more important than, surgical outcomes when determining the appropriateness of face transplantation. Future research should focus on measuring and describing emotional and psychological outcomes after face transplantation.
Contralateral exploration and repair of occult inguinal hernias during laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: systematic review and Markov decision process
Authors: Dhanani N H , Olavarria O A , Wootton S , Petsalis M , Lyons N B , Ko T C , Kao L S , Liang M K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Contralateral clinically occult hernias are frequently noted at the time of laparoscopic unilateral inguinal hernia repair. There is no consensus on the role of contralateral exploration and repair. This systematic review assessed the safety and efficacy of operative repair of occult contralateral inguinal hernias found during unilateral repair.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to February 2020. Adults diagnosed with a unilateral inguinal hernia undergoing laparoscopic repair were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of occult contralateral hernias. Summative outcomes of operative and expectant management were reported along with development of a Markov decision process.

Results
Thirteen studies (1 randomized trial, 12 observational cohorts) with 5000 patients were included. The incidence of occult contralateral inguinal hernias was 14.6 (range 7.3–50.1) per cent. Among patients who underwent repair, 10.5 (4.3–17.0) per cent experienced a postoperative complication. Of patients managed expectantly, 29 per cent later required elective repair for symptoms. Mean follow-up was 36 (range 2–218) months. Using a Markov decision process, it was calculated that, for every 1000 patients undergoing unilateral inguinal hernia repair, contralateral exploration would identify 150 patients with an occult hernia. Repair would result in 15 patients developing a postoperative complication and 105 undergoing unnecessary repair. Alternatively, expectant management would result in 45 patients requiring subsequent repair.

Conclusion
Contralateral repair is not warranted in patients with occult hernias diagnosed at the time of elective hernia repair. The evidence is largely based on observational studies at high risk of bias.
Residual lymph node tumour burden following removal of a single axillary sentinel lymph with macrometastatic disease in women with screen-detected invasive breast cancer
Authors: Dave R V , Cheung S , Sibbering M , Kearins O , Jenkins J , Gandhi A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Women with screen-detected invasive breast cancer who have macrometastatic disease on axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) are usually offered either surgical axillary node clearance (ANC) or axillary radiotherapy. These treatments can lead to significant complications for patients. The aim of this study was to identify a group of patients who may not require completion ANC.

Methods
Data from the NHS Breast Screening Programme between 1 April 2012 and 31 March 2017 were interrogated to identify women with invasive breast carcinoma and a single sentinel lymph node (SLN) with macrometastatic disease who subsequently proceeded to completion ANC. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify patients with a single positive SLN who had no further lymph node metastasis on ANC.

Results
Of the 2401 women included in the cohort, the presence of non-sentinel node disease was significantly affected by: the number of nodes obtained at SLNB (odds ratio (OR) 0.49 for retrieval of more than 1 node), invasive size of tumour (OR 1.63 for size greater than 20 mm), surgical treatment (OR 1.34 for mastectomy), human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2 status (OR 0.71 for HER2 positivity), and patient age (OR 1.10 for age less than 50 years; OR 1.46 for age greater than 70 years). Patients aged less than 70 years, with tumour size smaller than 2 cm, more than one node retrieved on SLNB, and who had breast-conserving surgery had a lower chance of positive non-sentinel nodes on completion ANC compared with other patients.

Conclusion
This study, of a purely screen-detected breast cancer cohort, identified a subset of patients who may be spared completion ANC in the event of a single axillary SLN with macrometastasis.
Impact of bodyweight-adjusted antimicrobial prophylaxis on surgical-site infection rates
Authors: Salm L , Marti W R , Stekhoven D J , Kindler C , Von Strauss M , Mujagic E , Weber W P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial prophylaxis (AMP) adjustment according to bodyweight to prevent surgical-site infections (SSI) is controversial. The impact of weight-adjusted AMP dosing on SSI rates was investigated here.

Methods
Results from a first study of patients undergoing visceral, vascular or trauma operations, and receiving standard AMP, enabled retrospective evaluation of the impact of bodyweight and BMI on SSI rates, and identification of patients eligible for weight-adjusted AMP. In a subsequent observational prospective study, patients weighing at least 80 kg were assigned to receive double-dose AMP. Risk factors for SSI, including ASA classification, duration and type of surgery, wound class, diabetes, weight in kilograms, BMI, age, and AMP dose, were evaluated in multivariable analysis.

Results
In the first study (3508 patients), bodyweight and BMI significantly correlated with higher rates of all SSI subclasses (both P &lt; 0.001). An 80-kg cut-off identified patients receiving single-dose AMP who were at higher risk of SSI. In the prospective study (2161 patients), 546 patients weighing 80 kg or more who received only single-dose AMP had higher rates of all SSI types than a group of 1615 who received double-dose AMP (odds ratio (OR) 4.40, 95 per cent c.i. 3.18 to 6.23; P &lt; 0.001). In multivariable analysis including 5021 patients from both cohorts, bodyweight (OR 1.01, 1.00 to 1.02; P = 0.008), BMI (OR 1.01, 1.00 to 1.02; P = 0.007) and double-dose AMP (OR 0.33, 0.23 to 0.46; P &lt; 0.001) among other variables were independently associated with SSI rates.

Conclusion
Double-dose AMP decreases SSI rates in patients weighing 80 kg or more.
Prevention of cardiac implantable electronic device infections: guidelines and conventional prophylaxis
Authors: Blomstrom-Lundqvist Carina , Ostrowska Bozena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) are potentially life-saving treatments for several cardiac conditions, but are not without risk. Despite dissemination of recommended strategies for prevention of device infections, such as administration of antibiotics before implantation, infection rates continue to rise resulting in escalating health care costs. New trials conveying important steps for better prevention of device infection and an EHRA consensus paper were recently published. This document will review the role of various preventive measures for CIED infection, emphasizing the importance of adhering to published recommendations. The document aims to provide guidance on how to prevent CIED infections in clinical practice by considering modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors that may be present pre-, peri-, and/or post-procedure.
Physical inactivity in nine European and Central Asian countries: an analysis of national population-based survey results
Authors: Whiting Stephen , Mendes Romeu , Abu-Omar Karim , Gelius Peter , Crispo Anna , McColl Karen , Simmonds Phillipa , Fedkina Natalia , Andreasyan Dianne , Gahraman Hagverdiyev , Migal Tatyana , Sturua Lela , Obreja Galina , Abdurakhmanova Zulfinissio , Saparkulovna Ibraeva Nurgul , Erguder Toker , Ekinci Banu , Keskinkilic Bekir , Shukurov Shukhrat , Yuldashev Rustam , Berdzuli Nino , Rakovac Ivo , Breda Joao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases. However, recent and systematically obtained national-level data to guide policy responses are often lacking, especially in countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. This article describes physical inactivity patterns among adults in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkey and Uzbekistan.

Methods
Data were collected using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire drawing nationally representative samples of adults in each country. The national prevalence of physical inactivity was calculated as well as the proportional contribution to total physical activity (PA) during work, transport and leisure-time. An adjusted logistic regression model was applied to analyze the association of age, gender, education, household status and income with physical inactivity.

Results
National prevalence of physical inactivity ranged from 10.1% to 43.6%. The highest proportion of PA was registered during work or in the household in most countries, whereas the lowest was during leisure-time in all countries. Physical inactivity was more likely with older age in eight countries, with female gender in three countries, and with living alone in three countries. There was no clear pattern of association with education and income.

Conclusion
Prevalence of physical inactivity is heterogeneous across the region. PA during leisure-time contributes minimally to total PA in all countries. Policies and programs that increase opportunities for active travel and leisure-time PA, especially for older adults, women and people living alone will be an essential part of strategies to increase overall population PA.
Transcriptomic analysis of feminizing somatic stem cells in theDrosophilatestis reveals putative downstream effectors of the transcription factor Chinmo
Authors: Grmai Lydia , Harsh Sneh , Lu Sean , Korman Aryeh , Deb Ishan B , Bach Erika A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOne of the best examples of sexual dimorphism is the development and function of the gonads, ovaries and testes, which produce sex-specific gametes, oocytes, and spermatids, respectively. The development of these specialized germ cells requires sex-matched somatic support cells. The sexual identity of somatic gonadal cells is specified during development and must be actively maintained during adulthood. We previously showed that the transcription factor Chinmo is required to ensure the male sexual identity of somatic support cells in the Drosophila melanogaster testis. Loss of chinmo from male somatic gonadal cells results in feminization: they transform from squamous to epithelial-like cells that resemble somatic cells in the female gonad but fail to properly ensheath the male germline, causing infertility. To identify potential target genes of Chinmo, we purified somatic cells deficient for chinmo from the adult Drosophila testis and performed next-generation sequencing to compare their transcriptome to that of control somatic cells. Bioinformatics revealed 304 and 1549 differentially upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively, upon loss of chinmo in early somatic cells. Using a combination of methods, we validated several differentially expressed genes. These data sets will be useful resources to the community.
Reduced gene dosage of histone H4 prevents CENP-A mislocalization and chromosomal instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Eisenstatt Jessica R , Ohkuni Kentaro , Au Wei-Chun , Preston Olivia , Gliford Loran , Suva Evelyn , Costanzo Michael , Boone Charles , Basrai Munira A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mislocalization of the centromeric histone H3 variant (Cse4 in budding yeast, CID in flies, CENP-A in humans) to noncentromeric regions contributes to chromosomal instability (CIN) in yeast, fly, and human cells. Overexpression and mislocalization of CENP-A have been observed in cancers, however, the mechanisms that facilitate the mislocalization of overexpressed CENP-A have not been fully explored. Defects in proteolysis of overexpressed Cse4 (GALCSE4) lead to its mislocalization and synthetic dosage lethality (SDL) in mutants for E3 ubiquitin ligases (Psh1, Slx5, SCFMet30, and SCFCdc4), Doa1, Hir2, and Cdc7. In contrast, defects in sumoylation of overexpressed cse4K215/216/A/R prevent its mislocalization and do not cause SDL in a psh1Δ strain. Here, we used a genome-wide screen to identify factors that facilitate the mislocalization of overexpressed Cse4 by characterizing suppressors of the psh1Δ GALCSE4 SDL. Deletions of histone H4 alleles (HHF1 or HHF2), which were among the most prominent suppressors, also suppress slx5Δ, cdc4-1, doa1Δ, hir2Δ, and cdc7-4 GALCSE4 SDL. Reduced dosage of H4 leads to defects in sumoylation and reduced mislocalization of overexpressed Cse4, which contributes to suppression of CIN when Cse4 is overexpressed. We determined that the hhf1-20, cse4-102, and cse4-111 mutants, which are defective in the Cse4-H4 interaction, also exhibit reduced sumoylation of Cse4 and do not display psh1Δ GALCSE4 SDL. In summary, we have identified genes that contribute to the mislocalization of overexpressed Cse4 and defined a role for the gene dosage of H4 in facilitating Cse4 sumoylation and mislocalization to noncentromeric regions, leading to CIN when Cse4 is overexpressed.