bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking and strengthening the Global Health Diplomacy through triangulated nexus between policy makers, scientists and the community in light of COVID-19 global crisis
Authors: AlKhaldi Mohammed , James Nigel , Chattu Vijay Kumar , Ahmed Sara , Meghari Hamza , Kaiser Kirsty , IJsselmuiden Carel , Tanner Marcel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is considerably the biggest global health challenge of this modern era. Spreading across all regions of the world, this corona virus disease has disrupted even some of the most advanced economies and healthcare systems. With an increasing global death toll and no near end in sight, questions on the efficacy of global response mechanisms, including the role and relevancy of global health institutions, have emerged. Using a reflexive content analytic approach, this study sheds light on some of these questions, underscoring the disconnect between science, policymaking, and society. Global health funding approaches; politicization of the pandemic, including political blame gaming; mistrust of government and other institutions; and a lack of robust accountability measures are some of the pandemic response obstacles. However, COVID-19 has also presented an opportunity for a collaboration that may potentially solidify global solidarity. A pandemic response built on strategic global health diplomacy, vaccine diplomacy, and science diplomacy can spur both political and economic benefits, advancing development, health security, and justice. The virus thrives and flourishes in face of political divisions and lack of cooperation. While the current global crisis has exacerbated the existing social injustices in societies, national unity and global solidarity is essential to winning the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.
Effect of inverse ratio ventilation on hemodynamics and respiratory mechanics in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Sayed Noha Hussein , Elaziz Mohamed Saeed Abd , Elkholy Amgad Serag , Taeimah Mohamed Osman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Obesity has become a global epidemic problem affecting every system and is associated with many consequences including coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, and socioeconomic and psychosocial impairment. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is one of the best and most commonly done operations for weight loss. Elevated peak airway pressure and hypoxemia are common problems that anesthesiologists face during laparoscopic surgeries with conventional volume-controlled ventilation. This study aimed at the use of the prolonged I:E ratio as an alternative strategy to improve gas exchange and the respiratory mechanics of obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Results
The study was a prospective randomized controlled trial and was performed between April 2019 and March 2020. After the approval of the departmental ethical committee and the informed written consent had been taken from the patients, fifty-two obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy were enrolled in this study. After endotracheal intubation, the patients were randomly divided into the IRV group (n=26) and the VCV group (n=26). Respiratory parameters were adjusted as tidal volume (Vt) 8mL/kg ideal body weight, respiratory rate 12 breaths/min, positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP) 0, fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) 0.6, and I:E ratio 1:2 for the VCV group and 2:1 for the IRV group; hemodynamics and respiratory mechanics were monitored and recorded after intubation (0 min), before pneumoperitoneum (10 mins), and after pneumoperitoneum (20 mins), 30, 40, 50, and 60 mins. IRV significantly improves the respiratory mechanics during pneumoperitoneum in the form of decreasing the peak pressure (Ppeak) and plateau pressure (Pplat) and improving the dynamic compliance, but the mean pressure (Pmean) was increased; it also increased the partial pressure of oxygen (arterial PO2) significantly. No statistical significance was found regarding the demographic data or the hemodynamics.

Conclusion
IRV is superior to conventional VCV in morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy as it improves respiratory mechanics and oxygenation.
Anticancer natural products from Aspergillus neoniger, an endophyte of Ficus carica
Authors: Abdou Randa , Alqahtani Alaa M. , Attia Gouda H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Several plants have not been investigated for their endophytes, such as the medicinal plant Ficus carica for which anticancer activity has been confirmed. The endophyte Aspergillus neoniger was selected for investigation of its metabolites since it exerted anticancer activities in preliminary screening assays.

Results
Bioactivity-guided chromatographic fractionation was performed on the endophytic extract and resulted in the identification of asperazine and asperazine A through spectroscopic analysis. Moderate cytotoxicity against HeLa cell lines (CC50 = 18.4 µg mL−1) and moderate antiproliferative effects against HUVEC and K-562 cell lines (GI50 = 31.5 and 24.8 µg mL−1, respectively) were observed for asperazine. Asperazine A on the other hand showed weak cytotoxic activity against HeLa cell lines (CC50 = 34.6 µg mL−1) as well as weak cytostatic activities against HUVEC and K-562 cell lines (GI50 = 40.7 and 50.2 µg mL−1, respectively) while no antimicrobial activity was detected for both compounds.

Conclusions
These results suggest contribution of A. neoniger to the reported anticancer activity of the host plant and provides a new source of anticancer metabolites with therapeutic potential.
This Is a Different Patient Population: Opioid Prescribing Challenges for Patients With Cancer-Related Pain
Authors: Schenker Yael , Hamm Megan , Bulls Hailey W. , Merlin Jessica S. , Wasilko Rachel , Dawdani Alicia , Kenkre Balchandre , Belin Shane , Sabik Lindsay M. 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE: Responses to the opioid epidemic in the United States, including efforts to monitor and limit prescriptions for noncancer pain, may be affecting patients with cancer. Oncologists' views on how the opioid epidemic may be influencing treatment of cancer-related pain are not well understood. METHODS: We conducted a multisite qualitative interview study with 26 oncologists from a mix of urban and rural practices in Western Pennsylvania. The interview guide asked about oncologists' views of and experiences in treating cancer-related pain in the context of the opioid epidemic. A multidisciplinary team conducted thematic analysis of interview transcripts to identify and refine themes related to challenges to safe and effective opioid prescribing for cancer-related pain and recommendations for improvement. RESULTS: Oncologists described three main challenges: (1) patients who receive opioids for cancer-related pain feel stigmatized by clinicians, pharmacists, and society; (2) patients with cancer-related pain fear becoming addicted, which affects their willingness to accept prescription opioids; and (3) guidelines for safe and effective opioid prescribing are often misinterpreted, leading to access issues. Suggested improvements included educational materials for patients and families, efforts to better inform prescribers and the public about safe and appropriate uses of opioids for cancer-related pain, and additional support from pain and/or palliative care specialists. CONCLUSION: Challenges to safe and effective opioid prescribing for cancer-related pain include opioid stigma and access barriers. Interventions that address opioid stigma and provide additional resources for clinicians navigating complex opioid prescribing guidelines may help to optimize cancer pain treatment.
Covert wireless communication using massive optical comb channels for deep denoising
Authors: Yan Xianglei , Zou Xihua , Li Peixuan , Pan Wei , Yan Lianshan 
Published: April 2021

Covert wireless communications are unprecedentedly vital for security and privacy of individuals, government, and military bodies. Besides encryption, hiding signal transmission deeply under noise background highly proliferates the covertness in the physical layer. A deep signal hiding leads to a low interception probability at the interceptor but a poor data recovery at the receiver. To ensure both high covertness and high-fidelity recovery, massive and dense optical comb channels are utilized for deep denoising through the analog spectrum convolution. Using an external modulation-based optical frequency comb (OFC) and a single detection branch, the available optical comb channels can sustainably scale up by breaking or greatly mitigating physical bottlenecks on immense hardware and spectrum requirements. Thus, a striking signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) rise can be achieved for deep denoising. Combination of 1024 comb channels (the first parallel comb channel number beyond 1000) and the analog spectrum convolution enable a record SNR enhancement of 29 dB for a microwave signal with a 10.24 GHz bandwidth and a 10 Mbit/s data rate, which is deeply hidden below the in-band noises by 18 dB or even 30 dB in both the frequency and time domains. This method opens a new avenue for covert communications.
The internal realities of individuals with type 2 diabetes–Psychological disposition in self-management behaviour via grounded theory approach
Authors: Swarna Nantha Yogarabindranath , Chelliah Azriel Abisheg Paul , Haque Shamsul , Md Zain Anuar Zaini 
Published: April 2021

Background
A paradigm shift in the disease management of type 2 diabetes is urgently needed to stem the escalating trends seen worldwide. A “glucocentric” approach to diabetes management is no longer considered a viable option. Qualitative strategies have the potential to unearth the internal psychological attributes seen in people living with diabetes that are crucial to the sustenance of self-management behaviour. This study aims to identify and categorize the innate psychological dispositions seen in people with type 2 diabetes in relation to self-management behaviour.

Methods
We adopted a grounded theory approach to guide in-depth interviews of individuals with type 2 diabetes and healthcare professionals (HCP) at a regional primary care clinic in Malaysia. Twenty-four people with type 2 diabetes and 10 HCPs were recruited into the study to examine the inner narratives about disease management. Two focus group discussions (FGD) were also conducted for data triangulation.

Results
Participants’ internal dialogue about the management of their disease is characterized by 2 major processes– 1) positive disposition and 2) negative disposition. Optimism, insight, and awareness are important positive values that influence T2D self-care practices. On the other hand, constructs such as stigma, worries, reservations, and pessimism connote negative dispositions that undermine the motivation to follow through disease management in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions
We identified a contrasting spectrum of both constructive and undesirable behavioural factors that influence the ‘internal environment’ of people with type 2 diabetes. These results coincide with the constructs presented in other well-established health belief theories that could lead to novel behavioural change interventions. Furthermore, these findings allow the implementation of psychosocial changes that are in line with cultural sensitivities and societal norms seen in a specific community.
Aspectos jurídicos da cooperação internacional em saúde pública: um encontro necessário entre saúde, direito e relações internacionais
Authors: De Barcellos Nicole Rinaldi , Bidinotto Augusto Bacelo 
Published: April 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os aspectos jurídicos da cooperação internacional em saúde pública, abordando-se a importância desta na concretização do direito à saúde como um objetivo global. Para desenvolver o objetivo proposto, o estudo foi dividido em duas partes. Na primeira parte propõe-se uma análise do conceito de saúde, seguida da investigação sobre o reconhecimento do direito à saúde como direito humano e fundamental. Na segunda parte são analisados os aspectos jurídicos da cooperação internacional em saúde. Cuida-se de uma análise bibliográfica de caráter dedutivo. Conclui-se que a institucionalização da cooperação internacional em saúde pública é tema que torna necessário o encontro entre relações internacionais, o direito e a saúde pública, em uma cooperação política, jurídica e técnica, permitindo-se o intercâmbio entre Estados e autoridades sanitárias, para que seja possível o alcance de agenda global comum no tema da saúde pública.
Differential mRNA Expression in Ileal Mucosal Biopsies of Patients With Diarrhea- or Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Wang Xiao Jing , Carlson Paula , Chedid Victor , Maselli Daniel B. , Taylor Ann L. , McKinzie Sanna , Camilleri Michael 
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Previous studies in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) showed immune activation, secretion, and barrier dysfunction in duodenal, jejunal, or colorectal mucosa. This study aimed to measure ileal mucosal expression of genes and proteins associated with mucosal functions.

METHODS:
We measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of 78 genes (reflecting tight junction proteins, chemokines, innate immunity, ion channels, and transmitters) and 5 proteins (barrier, bile acid receptor, and ion exchanger) in terminal ileal mucosa from 11 patients with IBS-diarrhea (IBS-D), 17 patients with IBS-constipation (IBS-C), and 14 healthy controls. Fold changes in mRNA were calculated using 2(−Δ, ΔCT) formula. Group differences were measured using analysis of variance. Protein ratios relative to healthy controls were based on Western blot analysis. Nominal P values (P < 0.05) are reported.

RESULTS:
In ileal mucosal biopsies, significant differences of mRNA expression in IBS-D relative to IBS-C were upregulation of barrier proteins (TJP1, FN1, CLDN1, and CLDN12), repair function (TFF1), and cellular functions. In ileal mucosal biopsies, mRNA expression in IBS-C relative to healthy controls was reduced GPBAR1 receptor, myosin light chain kinase (MYLK in barrier function), and innate immunity (TLR3), but increased mRNA expression of cadherin cell adhesion mechanisms (CTNNB1) and transport genes SLC9A1 (Na-H exchanger [NHE1]) and INADL (indirect effect on ion transport).

DISCUSSION:
These data support a role of ileal mucosal dysfunction in IBS, including barrier dysfunction in IBS-D and alterations in absorption/secretion mechanisms in IBS-C.
Endoscopic Resection Before Surgery Does Not Affect the Recurrence Rate in Patients With High-Risk T1 Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Takamaru Hiroyuki , Saito Yutaka , Sekiguchi Masau , Yamada Masayoshi , Sakamoto Taku , Matsuda Takahisa , Sekine Shigeki , Ochiai Hiroki , Tsukamoto Shunsuke , Shida Dai , Kanemitsu Yukihide 
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Patients with high-risk T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) after endoscopic resection (ER) should undergo surgery in view of the risk of lymph node metastasis. Although additional surgery can potentially prevent recurrence, there is a paucity of data and longitudinal studies exploring this potential. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the prolonged influence of ER before additional surgery on recurrence in T1 CRC.

METHODS:
Between January 2004 and October 2015, 162 patients who underwent secondary surgery (SS) after ER ([ER + SS] group) and 392 consecutive patients with T1 CRC who underwent primary surgery at our institution were retrospectively analyzed. Recurrence was analyzed in these 2 groups. High-risk CRC patients were histologically defined according to the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum guidelines (2016) for the treatment of CRC. Data were analyzed based on clinical and histological features, including lymph node metastasis, and the number of lymph nodes evaluated.

RESULTS:
The recurrence rate was comparable between the ER + SS and primary surgery groups, with no significant difference (P = 0.625, log-rank test). There was no significant difference in the recurrence in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy in both groups (7.4% vs 10.4%, P = 0.27). The difference in the mean number of lymph nodes dissected between both groups was also not significant (24.3 vs 25.3, P = 0.43).

DISCUSSION:
There was no significant difference in recurrence rates between patients undergoing ER before surgery and those undergoing primary surgery for high-risk T1 CRC. Hence, ER may be acceptable for high-risk T1 CRC.
SALES & OPERATIONS PLANNING: Case study on the Engineer-To-Order production model in the entertainment industry
Authors: Romão Luciana de Oliveira Pedra , Scavarda Luis Felipe , Seeling Marcelo Xavier 
Published: April 2021

Goal: This article characterizes the application of the Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) process in an audiovisual content production industry, whose production model is Engineer-To-Order (ETO), adding important empirical knowledge for S&OP in this production strategy within a unique context.
Design / Methodology / Approach: The methodology adopted is based on an exploratory case study. The research adopts a well-known framework to characterize the process observed within the company.
Results: The findings characterize the S&OP process based on the main components of the context, inputs, structure and process and outcomes / results, demonstrating that, even with the particularities of the industry, S&OP can be a key process to manage the business complexity and to achieve the objectives by the company.
Limitations of the investigation: This study was based on the observations made in only one company, which is a research limitation towards the generalizability of the findings. Thus, for a deeper understanding of the theme, future research is necessary, expanding the observations to other companies.
Practical implications: Practitioners can take stock of the S&OP characterization and the lessons learned herein to help to support their S&OP initiatives, especially regarding ETO contexts.
Originality / Value: This article sought to reduce the research-practice gap in the literature concerning the need for a complete characterization of the S&OP process from empirical researches and the understanding of S&OP application in the ETO production model.
New perspective? Comparing frame occurrence in online and traditional news media reporting on Europe’s “Migration Crisis”
Authors: Czymara Christian S. , Klingeren Marijn van 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
News media have transformed over the last decades, there being increasing numbers of online news suppliers and an increase in online news consumption. We examine how reporting on immigration differs between popular German online and print media over three crucial years of the so-called immigration crisis from 2015 to 2017. This study extends knowledge on the framing of the crisis by examining a period covering the start, peak, and time after the intake of refugees. Moreover, we establish whether online and print reporting differs in terms of both frame occurrence and variability. The period of the crisis provided an ideal test to see whether the focus of media reporting differed between online and print sources. Employing a most- similar- cases design based on (autonomous) online and print versions of three major German news outlets, we extract the dominant frames in almost 18,500 articles using algorithm-based topic modelling. While results indicate that many frames are more visible in either online or print media, these differences often do not follow theoretical expectations. Furthermore, online media are dominated by particular frames and, hence, show less diversity than print media. However, important key events happening during our period of investigation do not affect overall diversity of frames.
Car braking effectiveness after adaptation for drivers with motor dysfunctions
Authors: Sowiński Adam , Szczepański Tomasz , Koralewski Grzegorz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article presents the results of measurements of the braking efficiency of vehicles adapted to be operated by drivers with motor dysfunctions. In such cars, the braking system is extended with an adaptive device that allows braking with the upper limb. This device applies pressure to the original brake in the car. The braking force and thus its efficiency depend on the mechanical ratio in the adapting device. In addition, braking performance depends on the sensitivity of the car’s original braking system and the maximum force that a disabled person can exert on the handbrake lever. Such a person may have limited power in the upper limbs. The force exerted by the driver can also be influenced by the position of the driver’s seat in relation to the handbrake lever. This article describes the research aimed at understanding the influence of the above-mentioned factors on the car braking performance. As a part of the analysis of the test results, a mathematical function was proposed that allows a parametric description of the braking efficiency index on the basis of data on the braking system, adaptation device, driver’s motor limitations, and the position of the driver’s seat. The information presented in this article can be used for the preliminary selection of adaptive devices to the needs of a given driver with a disability and to the vehicle construction.
Fibre development in an intensified mechanical pulping process
Authors: Sandberg Christer 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mechanical pulp for printing paper can be produced with a process that involve much less equipment and that require much lower specific energy compared to conventional processes. Even though common evaluation methods, e.g. handsheet testing, have shown that the pulp quality is similar for the simplified and the conventional processes, it is not known how fibre properties, at the microscopic level, is developed with the simplified process. In this mill scale study, the fibre properties attained with an “intensified” mechanical pulping process, consisting of single stage high consistency double disc refining followed by two stage low consistency refining and no reject treatment was investigated. The simplified process was compared to a process with a reject system. The simplified process rendered fibres with higher degree of fibrillation, higher share of axial splits, lower fibre wall thickness but slightly lower length than the conventional process. The fibrillar fines size distribution of the two processes was different. The conventional process generated more of small fibrillar fines which probably explains the higher tensile index at given density for that process. The results show that it is possible to simplify the production process for mechanical pulp and reduce the specific energy with over 700 kWh/adt.