bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The poor quality of diabetes care in a cluster randomized community survey from Delhi (DEDICOM‐II): A crisis, an opportunity
Authors: Nagpal Jitender , Rawat Swapnil , Goyal Siddhi , Lata Anthikad S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the quality of care in known diabetes patients of Delhi.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted using a two‐stage cluster design. In all, 30 of 150 wards were chosen in Stage 1 (using a random computer‐generated seed value and then selecting wards at a predefined sampling interval; Probability Proportionate to Size—Systematic) and one colony from each ward was selected randomly in Stage 2. The selected areas were surveyed house‐to‐house in one‐of‐four random directions to recruit a minimum of 25 subjects (known diabetes ≥1 year; 35–65 years of age) per area. Data were collected by interview, blood sampling and from medical records by specifically trained research staff.ResultsA total of 843 subjects (of 1315 eligible) were enrolled from 11,490 houses. For the intermediate outcome measures, an estimated 33.5% (95% CI 27.3–40.2) had an HbA1cvalue >10%, 67.2% (95% CI 62.8–71.4) had an LDL cholesterol level >100 mg/dl and 57.3% (95% CI 50.4–63.9) had BP levels >140/90 mmHg. For the processes of care in the last 1 year, 25.6% (95% CI 19.7–32.6) of the patients had an HbA1c(A1c) estimation and 2.4% (95% CI 1.1–4.9) had a dilated eye examination and 4.1% (95% CI 2.6–6.2) had foot examination. Diabetes self‐management education was provided to only 11.3% (95% CI 8.6–14.7) while nutrition counselling was provided to 56.0% (95% CI 51.7–60.2).ConclusionsThe glycaemic control, lipid control and BP management of known diabetes patients in Delhi are unacceptably poor and a wide gap exists between practice recommendations and delivery of diabetes care in Delhi.
Radiographic assessment of the response of teeth following trauma during screw placement for maxillo‐mandibular fixation
Authors: Burgaz İlker , Zengin Mustafa , Uckan Sina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground/AimMaxillo‐mandibular fixation (MMF) screws have gained popularity in recent years for inter‐maxillary fixation. MMF screw application involves the risk of dental injury. However, knowledge about the healing responses after root damage in humans is limited, thereby warranting the need to classify the radiographic assessment of healing to enable better prediction of the healing response and effective management of the potential complications. The aim of this study was to assess and classify the radiographic assessment of the responses after root damage to evaluate the long‐term outcomes.Material and MethodsThe dental records of patients who underwent orthognathic surgery or trauma management during 2014–2016 at an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department were retrospectively analyzed. The data regarding dental injuries resulting from MMF screw application were evaluated. In total, 16 patients with 34 roots damaged from MMF screw application were enrolled. Post‐operative orthopantomographs were analyzed by visual inspection of the affected areas to clarify the extent of root healing. The inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability assessments were subsequently performed.ResultsThe results indicated substantial inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability of the responses. Most cases of root damage that were not radiographically related to the pulp (Schulte‐Geers Class III defects) had complete or partial healing responses. In addition, 20% of the defects related to the pulp had additional resorption of the bone/dental tissues during the follow‐up period.ConclusionsThree different radiographic responses of root damage following MMF screw trauma were identified. Understanding these different responses is important to guide the management of the potential complications. This proposed radiographic assessment can be used to present root healing data in a more standardized and reliable manner.
Predatory mites protect own eggs against predators
Authors: Saitoh Fumiaki , Janssen Arne , Choh Yasuyuki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPredators frequently compete with other species for prey but can also interact by preying on each other’s vulnerable stages. Because eggs and juveniles are more vulnerable to this intraguild predation than adults, their survival will depend on maternal strategies to reduce predation risk. Recently, we reported that adult female predatory mites Gynaeseius liturivorus Ehara (Acari: Phytoseiidae) reduce intraguild predation on their eggs by remaining at oviposition sites, thus deterring the egg predators. In addition, they avoid oviposition close to eggs laid by conspecific females. We therefore expected that adult female G. liturivorus protect their own eggs better against these egg predators than eggs of other females. This was tested using juveniles of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus McGregor (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as egg predators and the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), as the shared prey. When G. liturivorus eggs were kept with their mothers, the presence of juvenile egg predators did not affect the survival of eggs. However, when G. liturivorus eggs were kept with females that were not their mothers, the mortality of eggs in the presence of juvenile egg predators increased. When adult female G. liturivorus were guarding their eggs, they killed a similar number of juvenile egg predators as females that were not kept with their eggs. Hence, adult female G. liturivorus protect their eggs by remaining close to their eggs.
Characterization of cuticular compounds of the cerambycid beetles Monochamus galloprovincialis, Arhopalus syriacus, and Pogonocherus perroudi, potential vectors of pinewood nematode
Authors: Gonçalves Elsa , Figueiredo Ana Cristina , Barroso José G. , Millar Jocelyn G. , Henriques Joana , Sousa Edmundo , Bonifácio Luís 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn Portugal, dozens of bark and wood‐boring beetle species have been recorded colonizing Pinus pinaster Aiton (Pinaceae), the main conifer species affected by pine wilt disease (PWD). However, its causal agent, the pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle (Parasitaphelenchidae), has been recovered only from the black pine sawyer, Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). To understand the mechanisms underlying this specific relationship, our goal was to characterize the cuticular compounds (CCs) of three of the most abundant wood‐boring cerambycids, M. galloprovincialis, Arhopalus syriacus (Reiter), and Pogonocherus perroudi (Mulsant) Villiers, colonizing infested P. pinaster. Three methods of extracting CCs were assessed: (1) headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME), (2) extraction with organic solvent (pentane or ethanol), and (3) hydrodistillation. Pentane extraction was most effective, using pooled samples of each of the insects’ developmental stages. Extracts were analysed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) to identify compounds, and by GC for quantification. The pentane extracts contained predominantly straight‐chain (n‐C) and methyl‐branched hydrocarbons (meC). Cluster analysis defined two main clusters, with cluster A comprising A. syriacus samples dominated by n‐C23 (7‐39%), n‐C25 (9‐31%), and n‐C27 (5‐11%). Pogonocherus perroudi and the larvae from M. galloprovincialis grouped in sub‐cluster B1, characterized by high proportions of n‐C27 (20‐52%), n‐C29 (4‐18%), and 3‐meC27 (8‐18%). Sub‐cluster B2 included the remaining M. galloprovincialis samples, dominated by n‐C27 (10‐14%), n‐C25 (8‐10%), 5‐meC25 (9‐16%), 2‐meC26 (6‐12%), and 3‐meC27 (6‐10%). The CC profiles of the various species may play a key role in triggering the movement of PWN from the tree to callow adults of the specific insect vector, among all insects colonizing infested host trees. Identification of key components would potentially allow the development of valuable tools to manage PWD, for example, in a lure to quickly detect PWN in a tree, or conversely, by treatment of felled wood with PWN repellents to disrupt PWN transfer to its insect vector, breaking the transmission cycle.
STtech: sampling and transport techniques for Aedes eggs during a sampling campaign in a low‐resource setting
Authors: Kramer Isabelle Marie , Baral Sunita , Gautam Ishan , Braun Markus , Magdeburg Axel , Phuyal Parbati , Kadel Indira , Dhimal Meghnath , Ahrens Bodo , Groneberg David Alexander , Müller Ruth 
Published: January 2021

AbstractContainer‐breeding Aedes spp. (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes can be surveilled at low cost using ovitraps. Hence, this method is a preferred monitoring approach of dengue vectors in low‐resource settings. The ovitraps consist of a cup filled with water and an oviposition substrate for female mosquitoes. The attractiveness of the substrates for female mosquitoes can greatly differ due to differences in texture, color, and smell of the materials used. We compare four oviposition substrates, which are all low priced, easy to transport, and easy to purchase, to maximize the success of Aedes egg sampling. Sampled egg material is often reared to adulthood for further taxonomic identification and transported to (international) laboratories for specialized vector research. Here we introduce a transport technique for sampled eggs. In addition, we explored the impact of international transport by means of a bilateral hatching experiment in Nepal, the country of origin, and in Germany, in a laboratory specialized in ecophysiological research. The best low‐cost oviposition substrate for the dengue vectors Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Aedes aegypti (L.) was found to be a white cotton sheet. The introduced transport technique of sampled eggs is easy to build from laboratory and household materials and ensures good transport conditions (i.e., temperature and relative humidity). Even under good temperature (17.4–31.0 °C) and humidity conditions (58.9–94.2%), hatching success of eggs was found to be reduced after international transport to Germany when compared to the hatching success of eggs in Nepal. We postulate that air pressure during international transport may have reduced the hatching success and strongly recommend pressure‐regulated transport boxes for egg transport via airplane. As the proposed operation procedure is useful in assisting the monitoring of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti in low‐resource settings, Aedes researchers are encouraged to follow it for the sampling and transport of Aedes eggs.
Interictal electroencephalographic functional network topology in drug‐resistant and well‐controlled idiopathic generalized epilepsy
Authors: Pegg Emily J. , Taylor Jason R. , Laiou Petroula , Richardson Mark , Mohanraj Rajiv 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe study aim was to compare interictal encephalographic (EEG) functional network topology between people with well‐controlled idiopathic generalized epilepsy (WC‐IGE) and drug‐resistant IGE (DR‐IGE).MethodsNineteen participants with WC‐IGE, 18 with DR‐IGE, and 20 controls underwent a resting state, 64‐channel EEG. An artifact‐free epoch was bandpass filtered into the frequency range of high and low extended alpha. Weighted functional connectivity matrices were calculated. Mean degree, degree distribution variance, characteristic path length (L), clustering coefficient, small world index (SWI), and betweenness centrality were measured. A Kruskal–Wallis H‐test assessed effects across groups. Where significant differences were found, Bonferroni‐corrected Mann–Whitney pairwise comparisons were calculated.ResultsIn the low alpha band (6–9 Hz), there was a significant difference in L at the three‐group level (p < .0001). This was lower in controls than both WC‐IGE and DR‐IGE (p < .0001 for both), with no difference in L between WC‐IGE and DR‐IGE. Mean degree (p = .031), degree distribution variance (p = .032), and SWI (p = .023) differed across the three groups in the high alpha band (10–12 Hz). Mean degree and degree distribution variance were lower in WC‐IGE than controls (p = .029 for both), and SWI was higher in WC‐IGE compared with controls (p = .038), with no differences in other pairwise comparisons.SignificanceIGE network topology is more regular in the low alpha frequency band, potentially reflecting a more vulnerable structure. WC‐IGE network topology is different from controls in the high alpha band. This may reflect drug‐induced network changes that have stabilized the WC‐IGE network by rendering it less likely to synchronize. These results are of potential importance in advancing the understanding of mechanisms of epilepsy drug resistance and as a possible basis for a biomarker of DR‐IGE.
Climate‐driven range shifts of montane species vary with elevation
Authors: Mamantov Margaret A. , Gibson‐Reinemer Daniel K. , Linck Ethan B. , Sheldon Kimberly S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimIn response to warming, species are shifting their ranges towards higher elevations. These elevational range shifts have been documented in a variety of taxonomic groups across latitude. However, the rate and direction of species range shifts in response to warming vary, potentially as a consequence of variation in species traits across elevation. Specifically, diurnal and seasonal climates are often more variable at higher elevations, which results in high‐elevation species that have broader thermal physiologies relative to low‐elevation species. High‐elevation species that are thermal generalists might not need to move as far to track their thermal niche as low‐elevation thermal specialists. We investigated whether rates of range shifts varied systematically with increasing elevation across taxa and regions.LocationSixteen montane regions world‐wide.Time period1850–2013.TaxonNine hundred and eighty‐seven species of plants and animals.MethodsWe gathered published data on elevational range shifts from 20 transect studies comparing historical and recent distributions and examined how rates of range shifts changed across elevation. Specifically, we performed a meta‐analysis to calculate the pooled effect of elevation on species range shifts.ResultsWe found that rates of range shifts show a negative relationship with elevation such that low‐elevation species have moved upslope farther than high‐elevation species on the same transect. This finding was primarily a result of shifts in the upper range limits. We also found that 28% of species shifted downslope against predictions, but elevation did not show a relationship with downslope range shifts.Main conclusionsIdiosyncratic range shifts will significantly alter montane ecological communities, which are home to some of the greatest biodiversity on Earth. Our results demonstrate that species range shifts vary with elevation and might be a consequence of differences in species traits that also vary along montane gradients.
“You will eat shoe polish if you think it would help”—Familiar and lesser‐known themes identified from mixed‐methods analysis of a cluster headache survey
Authors: Schindler Emmanuelle A. D. , Cooper Vanessa , Quine Douglas B. , Fenton Brenda T. , Wright Douglas A. , Weil Marsha J. , Sico Jason J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize patient‐reported ideas and concerns about cluster headache, treatment options, and management strategies.BackgroundCluster headache patients experience severe pain and often suffer additional consequences from their disease. Patients have identified methods to cope with and combat cluster headache that are not widely known.MethodsSecondary analysis was performed using deidentified data from the online Clusterbusters Medication Use survey, wherein 10 questions allowed for freely written comments. Using mixed‐methods techniques, neurologists with expertise in headache medicine identified themes from these comments. Subgroup analysis sought to identify variables associated with specific themes.ResultsAmong 2274 free‐text responses from 493 adult participants, 23 themes were identified. Themes commonly discussed in the literature included such topics as “nothing worked” (24.7%, 122/493), “side effects” (12.8%, 63/493), and difficulties with “access/cost” (2.4%, 12/493). Less widely recognized themes included the use of “illicit substances” (35.5%, 175/493) and “vitamins/supplements” (12.2%, 60/493) in disease management. Lesser‐known themes included “coffee” (5.3%, 26/493) and “exercise/physical activity” (4.7%, 23/493). Using strict significance criteria, no subgroup was associated with any theme. Several poignant quotes highlighted patient thoughts and experiences.ConclusionsThis mixed‐methods analysis identified challenges endured by cluster headache patients, as well as a variety of patient‐directed disease management approaches. The volunteered information spotlights pharmacological, physiological, and psychological aspects of cluster headache that warrant further exploratory and interventional investigation.
Dietary magnesium and migraine in adults: A cross‐sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2004
Authors: Slavin Margaret , Li Huilun , Khatri Manisha , Frankenfeld Cara 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinical trials have demonstrated magnesium supplements to be effective for prophylactic treatment of migraine. Dietary magnesium intake of many Americans is known to be below nutritional recommendations, but typical magnesium intake from dietary sources in adults with migraine has not previously been evaluated.ObjectiveThis study aimed to quantify dietary and total (diet + supplement) magnesium consumption of adults with migraine or severe headache in the United States, and to investigate the relationship between magnesium consumption levels and prevalence of migraine or severe headache.MethodsThis analysis included cross‐sectional data from 3626 participants, 20‐ to 50‐years old in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2001 and 2004. Presence of migraine or severe headache in the past 3 months was determined by questionnaire. Individuals responding affirmatively were classified as having migraine, and individuals reporting not experiencing migraine or severe headache were classified as controls. Dietary magnesium intake was determined from a 24‐hour recall interview, supplemental magnesium intake was determined from the dietary supplements interview, and total magnesium intake was the sum of dietary and supplement intake.ResultsMean dietary consumption of magnesium was below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for both migraine (n = 905) and control groups (n = 2721). Attainment of the RDA through a combination of diet and supplements was associated with lower adjusted odds of migraine (odds ratio [OR] = 0.83, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] = 0.70, 0.99, p = 0.035). Magnesium consumption in the highest quartile (Q) was associated with lower odds of migraine than in the lowest Q for both dietary (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.63, 0.92, p = 0.006) and total (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.62, 0.99, p = 0.042) magnesium intake in adjusted models.ConclusionThese results suggest inadequate consumption of magnesium intake is associated with migraine in U.S. adults ages 20–50. Further prospective investigations are warranted to evaluate the role of dietary magnesium intake on migraine.
European Society of Endodontology position statement: Surgical extrusion, intentional replantation and tooth autotransplantation
Authors: Plotino G. , Abella Sans F. , Duggal M. S. , Grande N. M. , Krastl G. , Nagendrababu V. , Gambarini G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis European Society of Endodontology (ESE) position statement on surgical extrusion, intentional replantation and tooth autotransplantation represents the consensus of an expert committee, convened by the ESE. A narrative review in the International Endodontic Journal (Plotino et al. 2020, international Endodontic Journal, 53, 1636–52) formed the basis for the position statement. The review provided detailed information on the background, clinical procedures and the outcome of surgical extrusion, intentional replantation and tooth autotransplantation techniques. The aim of the current statement is to summarize the best available evidence on these clinical techniques to provide appropriate clinical guidance to undergraduate and postgraduate students, dental practitioners, clinical teachers and researchers. The current position statement will be updated by the ESE periodically to reflect new evidence as it becomes available to provide the most current treatment guidance for clinical practice.
Odontoblast cell death induces NLRP3 inflammasome‐dependent sterile inflammation and regulates dental pulp cell migration, proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Al Natour B. , Lundy F. T. , Moynah P. N. , About I. , Jeanneau C. , Irwin C.R. , Dombrowski Y. , El Karim I. A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the ability of dead odontoblasts to initiate NLRP3 inflammasome‐dependent sterile inflammation and to explore the effect on dental pulp cell (DPCs) migration, proliferation and odontogenic differentiation.MethodsOdontoblast‐like cells were subjected to freezing‐thawing cycles to produce odontoblast necrotic cell lysate (ONCL). DPCs were treated with ONCL to assess proliferation and migration. THP‐1 differentiated macrophages stimulated with ONCL and live cell imaging and western blotting were used to assess NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Cytokines were measured with multiplex arrays and ELISA. qPCR, alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin red assays were used to assess odontogenic differentiation of DPCs. Data were analysed using the t‐test or anova followed by a Bonferroni post hoc test with the level of significance set at P ≤ 0.05.ResultsONCL induced migration and proliferation of DPCs. Treatment of THP‐1 macrophages with ONCL resulted in the release of the inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, TNFα, IFN‐γ, CCL2 and angiogenic growth factors, angiogenin and angiopoietin. This inflammatory response was associated with activation of NFκB, p38MAPK and NLRP3 inflammasome. To confirm that ONCL induced inflammatory response is NLRP3 inflammasome‐dependent, treatment with a caspase‐1 inhibitor and a specific NLRP3 inhibitor significantly reduced IL‐1β release in THP‐1 macrophages (P = 0.01 and 0.001). Inflammasome activation product, IL‐1β, induced odontogenic differentiation of DPCS as evident by the increase in odontogenic genes expression DMP‐1, RUNX‐2, DSPP and SPP, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization.ConclusionDead odontoblasts induced NLRP3 inflammasome‐dependent sterile inflammation and activated the migration, proliferation and differentiation of DPCs.