bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Sodium Alginate Supplementation with HIIT or MICT on Glucagon and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in Women with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Azizi Rezvan , Azizi Mohammad , Tahmasebi Worya , Abdollhzad Hadi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Exercise intervention and dietary supplementation are considered as approaches to manage obesity, as well as, metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of sodium alginate supplementation with high intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on serum levels of glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in women with MetS.Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 46 women with MetS. Participants were randomly divided to six groups including: 1) HIIT+ sodium alginate (HS, n=8); 2) HIIT+ placebo (HP, n=8); 3) MICT+ sodium alginate (MS, n=8); 4) MICT+ placebo (MP, n=8); 5) sodium alginate (S, n=7); and 6) control group (P, n=7). Sodium alginate were prescribed 1.5 gram alone or along with HIIT or MICT sessions (3 times per week). Anthropometric indices, glycemic profile, serum level of glucagon and GLP-1 were measured before and after 8 weeks intervention. Results: In HS, HP, MS, and MP groups the mean of weight (p=0.000), body mass index (p=0.001), fasting blood sugar (p=0.003), insulin (p=0.000), insulin resistance (p=0.043), and glucagon (p=0.011) decreased significantly, however GLP_1 (p=0/01) level increased significantly after intervention.Conclusion: Since HIIT and MICT with or without sodium alginate supplementation leads to improvement in anthropometric indices, glycemic profile, serum GLP-1 and glucagon levels, it can be stated that the training method of the present study is suitable for improving and reducing complications associated with MetS in women.Trial registration: IRCT20191116045457N1. Registered 27 jan 2020, https://en.irct.ir/trial/43776
Expression of IL-1 Family Cytokines in Patients Before and After Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Cure
Authors: Amorim Ester , Cavalcante Marton Kaique Andrade , Silva Ailton Alvaro , Medeiros Vanessa Lucília Silveira , Brito Maria Edileuza Felinto , Rehn Vitorina Nerivânia Covello , Pereira Valéria Rêgo Alves ,   Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz-de-Castro1
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infectious disease that presents an immune response marked by the activation of lymphocytes and production of cytokines, including those of the IL-1 family, which act as an important trigger for the activation of an effector immune response. Despite this, inflammation exacerbation is sometimes also attributed to IL-1 cytokines, although some others down-regulate inflammation or produce Th2 responses, which need to be further clarified in the CL. Assessing the gene and protein expression of IL-1 cytokines associated with different immune response profiles in PBMCs from patients with active and healed lesions, this study demonstrated that stimulation by L. braziliensis positively regulates inflammatory and anti-inflammatory IL-1 cytokines, as IL-1α/β and IL-37, while there was a marked inhibition of IL-1Ra and IL-18 genes in patients treated with antimony, which perhaps contributes to the mechanisms of resistance that control Leishmania infection.
Factors Influencing Health Workers’ Compliance with the WHO Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Malaria in Pregnancy Recommendations in the Northern Region, Ghana
Authors: Mohammed Abdul Gafaru , Duah Dwomoh , Kenu Ernest , Nonvignon Justice , Manu Alex , Bonful Harriet Affran 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Although IPTp-SP is a lifesaving WHO recommended preventive intervention for pregnant women in malaria-endemic regions, IPTp-SP uptake in the Northern region of Ghana is much lower than the sub-optimal national coverage level. Assessing the extent of health workers’ compliance and its associated factors will generate valuable pointers to be targeted at the program level. The study examined the factors influencing health workers’ compliance with the WHO recommended guidelines for IPTp-SP in the Northern Region.
Methods

A cross-sectional study among 315 health workers in the Northern region was conducted. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data on health workers’ sociodemographic characteristics, facility-based factors and knowledge level. Data were collected on health workers’ compliance with the recommended practices through covert observations using a checklist. Facility observations were carried out using a checklist. Crude and adjusted logistic regression were used to determine predictors of health workers’ compliance, at 5% significance level adjusting for clustering.
Results

Of the 315 health workers studied, the median age was 29 years (26 – 34 years). Females constituted 252 (80.5%) of the 313 workers. The majority 148 (47.44%) of the 312 health workers were midwives. Overall, 56.2% (CI 51.0 – 62.0) were adequately complying with the recommended guidelines. Lower levels of compliance were recorded in health centers 15.6% (5.0 - 33.0) and CHPS compounds 21.2% (11.0 - 35.0). The factors associated with compliance included health workers’ knowledge (aOR = 7.64, 95% CI 4.21 - 13.87, p<0.001), job satisfaction (aOR 10.87, 95%CI 7.04 - 16.79, p<0.001), in-service training (aOR 10.11, 95%CI 4.53 - 22.56, p<0.001), supervision (aOR 4.01, 95%CI 2.09 - 7.68, p<0.001), availability of job aids (aOR 3.61, 95%CI 2.44 - 5.35, p<0.001), health workers experience (aOR = 10.64, 95% CI 5.99 - 18.91, p<0.001) and facility type (aOR 0.03, 95%CI 0.01 - 0.07, p<0.001).
Conclusion

Compliance with the recommended IPTp-SP guidelines is suboptimal in the region, with lower-level health facilities recording the least compliance levels. Health centers and CHPS facilities should be prioritized in distributing limited resources to improve health worker quality of care for antenatal care clients.
Endophytic Bacterial and Fungal Community Compositions in Different Organs of Ginseng (Panax Ginseng)
Authors: Fan Zhenjie , Xiao Shuiming , Hu Haoyu , Zhang Pengfei , Chao Jing , Guo Shuai , Hou Dianyun , Xu Jiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Panax ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) is a perennial herb of the genus ginseng, which is used as medicine with dried roots and rhizomes. With the deepening of research on ginseng, the chemical components and pharmacological effects of ginseng have gradually been discovered. Endophytes are beneficial to host plants. However, the composition of endophytes in different organs from ginseng is poorly elucidated. The report of ginsenoside production by endophytic microbes isolated from Panax sp., motivated us to explore the endophytic microbial diversity related to the roots, stems, and leaves. In this study, the V5-V7 variable region of endophytic bacteria 16S rRNA gene and V1 variable region of endophytic fungi ITS gene in different organs were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. The diversity and abundance of endophytic microbes in the three organs are different and are affected by the organs. For example, the most abundant endophytic bacterial genera in roots was Mycobacterium; while, the stems and leaves were Ochrobactrum. Similarly, the fungal endophytes, Coniothyrium and Cladosporium, were also found in high abundance in stems, in comparison to roots and leaves. The Shannon index shows that the diversity of endophytic bacteria in roots is the highest (p<0.05), and the richness of endophytic bacterial was root>stem (p<0.05). Principal coordinate analysis showed that there were obvious microbial differences among the three groups, and the endophytic bacterial composition of the leaves was closer to that of the roots. This study provides an important reference for the study of endophytic microorganisms in ginseng.
Learning Processes in Hierarchical Pairs Regulate Entire Gene Expression in Cells
Authors: Yamaguchi Tomoyuki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Expression of numerous genes is precisely controlled in a cell in various contexts. While genetic and epigenetic mechanisms contribute to this regulation, how each mechanism cooperates to ensure the proper expression patterns of whole gene remains unclear. Here, I theoretically show that the repetition of simple biological processes makes appropriate whole-gene expression only if the appropriateness of current pattern is roughly detectable. A learning pair model is developed, in which two factors autonomously approach the target ratio by repeating two stochastic processes; competitive amplification with a small addition term and decay depending on the difference between the current and target ratios. Furthermore, thousands of factors are self-regulated in a hierarchical-pair architecture, in which the activation degrees competitively amplify, while transducing the activation signal, and decay at four different probabilities. Changes in whole-gene expression during human early embryogenesis and hematopoiesis are reproduced in simulation using this epigenetic learning process in a single genetically-determined hierarchical-pair architecture of gene regulatory cascades. On the background of this learning process, I propose the law of biological inertia which means that a living cell basically maintains the expression pattern while renewing the contents.
Likely Uptake of a Future a Lung Cancer Screening Programme in Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors: a Questionnaire Study
Authors: Broadbent Rachel , Armitage Christopher J. , Crosbie Philip , Radford John , Linton Kim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Many Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors are at increased risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMN), including lung cancer, due to previous treatment for HL. Lung cancer screening (LCS) detects early-stage lung cancers in ever smokers but HL survivors without a heavy smoking history are ineligible for screening. There is a rationale to develop a targeted LCS. The aim of this study was to investigate levels of willingness to undergo LCS in HL survivors, and to identify the psycho-social factors associated with screening hesitancy.
Methods

A postal questionnaire was sent to 281 HL survivors registered in a long-term follow-up database and at increased risk of SMNs. Demographic, lung cancer risk factors, psycho-social and LCS belief variables were measured. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with lung cancer screening hesitancy, defined as those who would ‘probably’ or ‘probably not’ participate.
Results

The response rate to the questionnaire was 58% (n=165). Participants were more likely to be female, older and living in a less deprived area than non-participants. Uptake (at any time) of breast and bowel cancer screening among those previously invited was 99% and 77% respectively. 159 participants were at excess risk of lung cancer. The following results refer to these 159. Around half perceived themselves to be at greater risk of lung cancer than their peers. Only 6% were eligible for lung cancer screening pilots aimed at ever smokers in the UK. 98% indicated they would probably or definitely participate in LCS were it available. Psycho-social variables associated with LCS hesitancy on multivariable analysis were male gender (OR 5.94 CI 1.64-21.44, p<0.01), living in an area with a high index of multiple deprivation (IMD) decile (deciles 6-10) (OR 8.22 CI 1.59-42.58, p<0.05) and lower levels of self-efficacy (OR 1.64 CI 1.30-2.08 p<0.01).
Conclusion

HL survivors responding to this survey were willing to participate in a future LCS programme but there was some hesitancy. A future LCS trial for HL survivors should consider the factors associated with screening hesitancy in in order to minimise barriers to participation.
Assessment of the Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Rat Lung After Intratracheal Instillation: A Two-Year Study
Authors: Saleh Dina Mourad , Luo Shengyong , Ahmed Omnia Hosny Mohamed , Alexander David Bedell , Alexander William T. , Gunasekaran Sivagami , El-Gazzar Ahmed M. , Abdelgied Mohamed , Numano Takamasa , Takase Hiroshi , Ohnishi Makoto , Tomono Susumu , Hadi Randa Hussein Abd el , Fukamachi Katsumi , Kanno Jun , Hirose Akihiko , Xu Jiegou , Suzuki Shugo , Naiki Aya , Takahashi Satoru , Tsuda Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Considering the expanding industrial applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), safety assessment of these materials is far less than needed. Very few long-term in vivo studies have been carried out. This is the first 2-year in vivo study to assess the effects of double walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) in the lung and pleura of rats after pulmonary exposure.
Methods

Rats were divided into six groups: Untreated, Vehicle, 3 DWCNT groups (0.12mg/rat, 0.25mg/rat and 0.5mg/rat), and MWCNT-7 (0.5mg/rat). The test materials were administrated by intratracheal - intrapulmonary spraying (TIPS) every other day for 15 days. Rats were observed without further treatment until sacrifice at weeks 52 and 104.
Results

DWCNT were biopersistent in the rat lung and induced marked pulmonary inflammation with a significant increase in macrophage count and levels of the chemotactic cytokines CCL2 and CCL3. In addition, the 0.5 mg DWCNT treated rats had significantly higher pulmonary collagen deposition compared to the vehicle controls. The development of carcinomas in the lungs of rats treated with 0.5 mg DWCNT (4/24) was not quite statistically higher (p = 0.0502) than the vehicle control group (0/25), however, the overall incidence of lung tumor development, bronchiolo-alveolar adenoma and bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma combined, in the lungs of rats treated with 0.5 mg DWCNT (7/24) was statistically higher (p < 0.05) than the vehicle control group (1/25). Notably, two of the rats treated with DWCNT, one in the 0.25 mg group and one in the 0.5mg group, developed pleural mesotheliomas. However, both of these lesions developed in the visceral pleura, and unlike the rats administered MWCNT-7, rats administered DWCNT did not have elevated levels of HMGB1 in their pleural lavage fluids.
Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that DWCNTs are biopersistent in the rat lung and induce chronic inflammation. Moreover, rats treated with 0.5 mg DWCNT developed pleural fibrosis. While our results do not show that DWCNT is carcinogenic in the rat lung, total tumor incidence was significantly increased in the 0.5 mg DWCNT group. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the possibility that at least some types of DWCNTs are fibrogenic and carcinogenic cannot be ignored.
The Role of Helicobacter Pylori Infection on Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Boyuk Banu , Avci Rukiye Nurdan , Akin Seydahmet , Erman Hande , Koroglu Emine , Keskin Ozcan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: In this study, the aim was to investigate the effect of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) presence on intima-media thickness, which is an early sign of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: This study is a retrospective study conducted with type 2 diabetic patients who were followed up in the gastroenterology and diabetes outpatient clinic. The relationship between the presence of Hp and laboratory findings, demographic and clinical characteristics, intima-media thickness and pathology findings were analyzed in patients who underwent endoscopy for dyspepsia.Results: A total of 73 cases meeting the exclusion criteria, 32 males (43.8%) and 41 females (56.2%), between 42 and 83 years with an average age of 59 ± 10 years were included in the study. Of the cases, 31 (42.4%) were found to be Hp positive. The presence of Hp and accompanying diseases, drug treatments used, demographic characteristics, biochemical parameters, endoscopy and pathology results, and intima-media thicknesses were compared. ALT value was found to be higher in Hp negative cases (p<0.005). The presence of Hp was found to increase the carotid intima-media thickness by 0.092 units (p: 0.018) at 95% significance level on the left and 0.060 units at 90% significance level on the right (p: 0.063). There was no significant difference for other variables.Conclusion: It was shown that the presence of Hp increases the carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes. Similarly, LDL and age were shown to have an increasing effect on intima-media thickness.
The Effect of Childhood Starvation on Mental Health of Older Adults: Evidence From China
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Zhang Si-qing , Cheng Si-meng , Wang Jia-hao , Tao Yi-wen , Tang Xiao-qing , Xiao Wen-jing , Yao Yi-dan , Yang Li-xingzi , Xie Lin , Tang Li-li , Li Zhi-yun , Wu Yuan-yang , Yang Hua-lei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Poverty and hunger are still severe problems faced by the world today, especially in developing countries. Starvation in childhood usually damaged mental health in later years. But, does this proposition apply China? The answer could not only verify the validity of the current research findings, but also provide certain significance for the intervention and formulation of global public health policy.Method: This research was based on the data of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey data in 2018, and 1820 elderly people were investigated. The impact of childhood starvation on mental health in later years was investigated by the Ordinary Least Squares method. Moreover, the robustness tests conducted by replacing independent variable to severity of childhood starvation and dividing the samples to different age ranges. Furthermore, heterogeneity was also analyzed based on different gender, different domicile where they born, and different level of education.Results: The childhood starvation was associated with less mental health scores in later life. The older who suffered from childhood starvation showed worsen mental health in later years, especially in the illiterate samples and the rural samples. However, there was no significant difference when considering different gender.Conclusions: Childhood starvation worsened the mental health in later life, and the level of education and being born in urban had a mediating effect to the relationship. In order to reduce the negative impact of childhood starvation on mental health, anti-poverty strategies, such as providing assistance to children who are hungry, and developing early intervention programs for children's development, should be promoted around the world. Meanwhile, the local development, industrialization and modernization, as well as children's educational attainment should also be promoted while preventing child hunger.
Evaluating The Quality, Utility And Reliability of Information In Uveitis Videos Shared On YouTube
Authors: Tanyıldız Burak , Oklar Murat 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the quality of videos on YouTube as educational resources about uveitis.Methods: An online YouTube search was performed using the keyword ‘‘uveitis’’. Total view counts, duration of videos, publishing dates, likes and dislikes, numbers of comments, and source of videos were recorded. Educational quality and accuracy of the video content were evaluated using the DISCERN score, Global Quality Score (GQS), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) score. Video popularity was also evaluated using the video power index (VPI) score. All videos were classified according to publishers and types of categories.Results: From among the 200 videos analyzed, 94 were included. The mean DISCERN score was 38.5 ± 13.2 (poor), the mean JAMA score was 1.8 ± 0.6 (fair), and the GQS was 2.5 ± 0.9 (fair). There were positive correlations between the three checklist (p < .001). VPI was not correlated with each score (p >.05). The most common upload sources were ophthalmologist (24.4%) and YouTube channel (20.2%). Regarding content, 47 videos (50%) medical education, 26 videos (27.6%) patient education, 16 videos (17%) patient experience, 5 videos (5.3%) surgical procedures in patient with uveitis. While the most popular videos were uploaded by doctors other than ophthalmologists, the videos uploaded by academic institutions and associations were found to be higher educational quality and reliability scores. Conclusions: Uveitis videos on YouTube are poor quality and reliability and are not adequately educational for patients. Therefore, the physicians must be aware of the limitations of YouTube and ensure the flow of correct medical information to patients.
Does the Atmospheric Global Model MRI-AGCM3.2 Perform Better than CMIP6 Atmospheric Models in Simulating Precipitation?
Authors: Kusunoki Shoji , Nakaegawa Tosiyuki , Mizuta Ryo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The performance of the Meteorological Research Institute-Atmospheric General Circulation model version 3.2 (MRI-AGCM3.2) in simulating precipitation is compared with that of global atmospheric models registerred to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The MRI-AGCM3.2 with the grid size of 20-km and 60-km and 36 CMIP6 models are forced with observed sea surface temperature for 20-year period from 1995 to 2014. The horizontal resolution of the MRI-AGCM3.2 is relatively finer than CMIP6 models. As for global domain, the reproducibility of MRI-AGCM3.2 models are better than or equal to CMIP6 models in simulating geographical distribution of annual precipitation and intense precipitation events. Models with higher horizontal resolution tend to be better than those with lower resolution in simulating global precipitation. As for East Asia, the performance of MRI-AGCM3.2 models are better than or equal to CMIP6 models in simulating summertime monthly precipitation and the seasonal march in the Japanese rainy season, and extreme precipitation events. Higher horizontal resolution models also tend to perform better than lower resolution models in simulating precipitation over East Asia. The advantage of models with higher horizontal resolution over those with lower resolution in reproducing precipitation is more evident over East Asia than over the globe.
m6A function and tumor microenvironment infiltration characteristics in glioma
Authors: Yang Aoran , Wang Xinhuan , Shang Chao , Hu Yaofeng , Pan Chen , Hong Yang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Most studies related to N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in glioma have been conducted only at the single-gene level, while the m6A modification patterns and correlation between m6A and immune cells’ tumor microenvironment infiltration have not been comprehensively reported.
Methods

Eighty-five clinical samples were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus; another 599 clinical samples and 174 transcriptome data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Based on data analysis using the R program and principal component analysis, we established an m6Ascore quantitative scoring system and analyzed the modification of 22 m6A-related genes with TME infiltration characteristics.
Results

Three m6A modification patterns and the characteristics of immune cell infiltration were identified. Cluster A corresponded to the immune-desert phenotype, cluster B corresponded to the immune-excluded phenotype, and cluster C corresponded to the immune-inflamed phenotype. Cluster B showed the worst long-term prognosis, whereas cluster A had the best long-term prognosis. Anti-CD52/HE5 shows potential as an immune therapy for glioma.
Conclusions

This research provides a foundation for understanding m6A modification patterns in glioma and a potential prognostic biomarker and immune therapy target for treat glioma.