bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cluster space key management scheme based on threshold secret sharing and bilinear pairing
Authors: Tong Xiaojun , Liu Jie , Wang Zhu , Zhang Miao , Chen Hong , Ma Jing 
Published: June 2021

SummarySpace key management schemes play a critical role in space information network security services. However, the existing space key management schemes are inefficient. To overcome these problems, this paper proposed a cluster group key management scheme, in which the space nodes are divided into different clusters. The ground control center (GCC) is used as a private key generation center. The threshold technique based on low‐density parity‐check code (LDPC) is used in the group key management of the cluster‐heads. The key escrow is transferred to GCC, which is a compromise of efficiency and security. The logical key hierarchy is used to manage the group key of the cluster. Furthermore, the bilinear paring‐based cryptosystem is employed to provide the identification. The formalized security proof of the protocol using the Extended Canetti–Krawczyk (ECK) model is introduced to prove the authentication and security. The consistency, forward secrecy, backward secrecy, ability to against the collusion attack and performance are analyzed and simulated. The result shows that the proposed scheme takes lower storage cost and computational cost.
Bioengineering tools for probing intracellular events in T lymphocytes
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Mariano Chelsea F. , Ando Yuta , Shen Keyue 
Published: June 2021

AbstractT lymphocytes are the central coordinator and executor of many immune functions. The activation and function of T lymphocytes are mediated through the engagement of cell surface receptors and regulated by a myriad of intracellular signaling network. Bioengineering tools, including imaging modalities and fluorescent probes, have been developed and employed to elucidate the cellular events throughout the functional lifespan of T cells. A better understanding of these events can broaden our knowledge in the immune systems biology, as well as accelerate the development of effective diagnostics and immunotherapies. Here we review the commonly used and recently developed techniques and probes for monitoring T lymphocyte intracellular events, following the order of intracellular events in T cells from activation, signaling, metabolism to apoptosis. The techniques introduced here can be broadly applied to other immune cells and cell systems.This article is categorized under:
Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Immune System Diseases > Biomedical Engineering
Infectious Diseases > Biomedical Engineering
Circadian rhythms and the HPA axis: A systems view
Authors: Androulakis Ioannis P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe circadian timing system comprises a network of time‐keeping clocks distributed across a living host whose responsibility is to allocate resources and distribute functions temporally to optimize fitness. The molecular structures generating these rhythms have evolved to accommodate the rotation of the earth in an attempt to primarily match the light/dark periods during the 24‐hr day. To maintain synchrony of timing across and within tissues, information from the central clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, is conveyed using systemic signals. Leading among those signals are endocrine hormones, and while the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis through the release of glucocorticoids is a major pacesetter. Interestingly, the fundamental units at the molecular and physiological scales that generate local and systemic signals share critical structural properties. These properties enable time‐keeping systems to generate rhythmic signals and allow them to adopt specific properties as they interact with each other and the external environment. The purpose of this review is to provide a broad overview of these structures, discuss their functional characteristics, and describe some of their fundamental properties as these related to health and disease.This article is categorized under:
Immune System Diseases > Computational Models
Immune System Diseases > Biomedical Engineering
SU(N) q-Toda equations from mass deformed ABJM theory
Authors: Nosaka Tomoki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
It is known that the partition functions of the U(N)k × U(N + M)−k ABJM theory satisfy a set of bilinear relations, which, written in the grand partition function, was recently found to be the q-Painlevé III3 equation. In this paper we have suggested that a similar bilinear relation holds for the ABJM theory with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 6 preserving mass deformation for an arbitrary complex value of mass parameter, to which we have provided several non-trivial checks by using the exact values of the partition function for various N, k, M and the mass parameter. For particular choices of the mass parameters labeled by integers ν, a as m1 = m2 = −πi(ν − 2a)/ν, the bilinear relation corresponds to the q-deformation of the affine SU(ν) Toda equation in τ-form.
Universal statistics of vortices in a newborn holographic superconductor: beyond the Kibble-Zurek mechanism
Authors: del Campo Adolfo , Gómez-Ruiz Fernando Javier , Li Zhi-Hong , Xia Chuan-Yin , Zeng Hua-Bi , Zhang Hai-Qing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Traversing a continuous phase transition at a finite rate leads to the breakdown of adiabatic dynamics and the formation of topological defects, as predicted by the celebrated Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM). We investigate universal signatures beyond the KZM, by characterizing the distribution of vortices generated in a thermal quench leading to the formation of a holographic superconductor. The full counting statistics of vortices is described by a binomial distribution, in which the mean value is dictated by the KZM and higher-order cumulants share the universal power-law scaling with the quench time. Extreme events associated with large fluctuations no longer exhibit a power-law behavior with the quench time and are characterized by a universal form of the Weibull distribution for different quench rates.
b → sτ+τ− physics at future Z factories
Authors: Li Lingfeng , Liu Tao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
b → sτ+τ− measurements are highly motivated for addressing lepton-flavor-universality (LFU)-violating puzzles such as $$ {R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

K

∗

anomalies. The anomalies of $$ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

D

∗

and RJ/ψ further strengthen their necessity and importance, given that the LFU-violating hints from both involve the third-generation leptons directly. Z factories at the future e−e+ colliders stand at a great position to conduct such measurements because of their relatively high production rates and reconstruction efficiencies for B mesons at the Z pole. To fully explore this potential, we pursue a dedicated sensitivity study in four b → sτ+τ− benchmark channels, namely B0 → K*0τ+τ−, Bs → ϕτ+τ−, B+ → K+τ+τ− and Bs → τ+τ−, at the future Z factories. We develop a fully tracker-based scheme for reconstructing the signal B mesons and introduce a semi-quantitative method for estimating their major backgrounds. The simulations indicate that branching ratios of the first three channels can be measured with a precision ∼ $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10−7− 10−6) and that of Bs → τ+τ− with a precision ∼ $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10−5) at Tera-Z. The impacts of luminosity and tracker resolution on the expected sensitivities are explored. The interpretations of these results in effective field theory are also presented.
New ideas for handling of loop and angular integrals in D-dimensions in QCD
Authors: Lyubovitskij Valery E. , Wunder Fabian , Zhevlakov Alexey S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We discuss new ideas for consideration of loop diagrams and angular integrals in D-dimensions in QCD. In case of loop diagrams, we propose the covariant formalism of expansion of tensorial loop integrals into the orthogonal basis of linear combinations of external momenta. It gives a very simple representation for the final results and is more convenient for calculations on computer algebra systems. In case of angular integrals we demonstrate how to simplify the integration of differential cross sections over polar angles. Also we derive the recursion relations, which allow to reduce all occurring angular integrals to a short set of basic scalar integrals. All order ε-expansion is given for all angular integrals with up to two denominators based on the expansion of the basic integrals and using recursion relations. A geometric picture for partial fractioning is developed which provides a new rotational invariant algorithm to reduce the number of denominators.
A Hopf Bifurcation in the Planar Navier–Stokes Equations
Authors: Arioli Gianni , Koch Hans 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider the Navier–Stokes equation for an incompressible viscous fluid on a square, satisfying Navier boundary conditions and being subjected to a time-independent force. As the kinematic viscosity is varied, a branch of stationary solutions is shown to undergo a Hopf bifurcation, where a periodic cycle branches from the stationary solution. Our proof is constructive and uses computer-assisted estimates.
Standardized porcine unilateral femoral nailing is associated with changes in PMN activation status, rather than aberrant systemic PMN prevalence
Authors: Teuben Michel Paul Johan , Pfeifer Roman , Horst Klemens , Simon Tim-Philipp , Heeres Marjolein , Kalbas Yannik , Blokhuis Taco , Hildebrand Frank , Koenderman Leo , Pape Hans-Christoph , Leenen Luke ,   TREAT-Research Collaboration, Auner B. , Störmann P. , Relja B. , Marzi I. , Simon T. P. , Marx G. , Haug A. , Egerer L. , Griensven M. V. , Kalbitz M. , Huber-Lang M. , Tolba R. , Reiss K. , Uhlig S. , Horst K. , Teuben M. , Pfeifer R. , Almahmoud K. , Kalbas Y. , Lüken H. , Almahmoud K. , Hildebrand F. , Pape H. C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeIntramedullary nailing (IMN) of fractures is associated with increased rates of inflammatory complications. The pathological mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unclear. However, polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) seem to play an important role. We hypothesized that a femur fracture and standardized IMN in pigs is associated with altered appearance of PMNs in circulation and enhanced activation status of these cells.MethodsA porcine model including a femur fracture and IMN was utilized. Animals were randomized for control [anesthesia + mechanical ventilation only (A/MV)] and intervention [A/MV and unilateral femur fracture (FF) + IMN] conditions. PMN numbers and responsiveness, integrin (CD11b), L-selectin (CD62L) and Fcγ-receptor (CD16 and CD32)-expression levels were measured by flowcytometry of blood samples. Animals were observed for 72 h.ResultsCirculatory PMN numbers did not differ between groups. Early PMN-responsiveness was retained after insult. PMN-CD11b expression increased significantly upon insult and peaked after 24 h, whereas CD11b in control animals remained unaltered (P = 0.016). PMN-CD16 expression levels in the FF + IMN-group rose gradually over time and were significantly higher compared with control animals, after 48 h (P = 0.016) and 72 h (P = 0.032). PMN-CD62L and CD32 expression did not differ significantly between conditions.ConclusionThis study reveals that a femur fracture and subsequent IMN in a controlled setting in pigs is associated with enhanced activation status of circulatory PMNs, preserved PMN-responsiveness and unaltered circulatory PMN-presence. Indicating that monotrauma plus IMN is a specific and substantial stimulus for the cellular immune system. Early alterations of circulatory PMN receptor expression dynamics may be predictive for the intensity of the post traumatic response.
Exogenous Glutathione Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity in Wheat by Influencing the Absorption and Translocation of Cadmium
Authors: Li Ge-Zi , Chen Shi-Juan , Li Na-Ying , Wang Ying-Ying , Kang Guo-Zhang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal, is harmful to plants and human health. Glutathione (GSH) could alleviate Cd toxicity of plant species, whereas its mechanism responsible for wheat remains poorly understood. Here, we found that exogenous GSH application significantly increased the fresh and dry weight, root elongation, chlorophyll contents, while decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and GSH, and translocation factor of Cd compared with Cd treatment. Moreover, GSH application significantly increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and expression of related genes, which involved in GSH synthesis, especially in roots. In addition, we found that GSH application suppressed Cd-induced expression of metal transporter genes TaNramp1, TaNramp5, TaHMA2, TaHMA3, TaLCT1 and TaIRT2 in roots. Taken together, our results suggested that GSH could alleviate Cd toxicity in wheat by increasing GSH synthesis gene expression or suppressing Cd transporter genes expression, and further affecting Cd uptake and translocation in wheat plants.
Enhancing Robustness Verification for Deep Neural Networks via Symbolic Propagation
Authors: Yang Pengfei , Li Jianlin , Liu Jiangchao , Huang Cheng-Chao , Li Renjue , Chen Liqian , Huang Xiaowei , Zhang Lijun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDeep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown lack of robustness, as they are vulnerable to small perturbations on the inputs. This has led to safety concerns on applying DNNs to safety-critical domains. Several verification approaches based on constraint solving have been developed to automatically prove or disprove safety properties for DNNs. However, these approaches suffer from the scalability problem, i.e., only small DNNs can be handled. To deal with this, abstraction based approaches have been proposed, but are unfortunately facing the precision problem, i.e., the obtained bounds are often loose. In this paper, we focus on a variety of local robustness properties and a(δ,ε)-global robustness property of DNNs, and investigate novel strategies to combine the constraint solving and abstraction-based approaches to work with these properties:We propose a method to verify local robustness, which improves a recent proposal of analyzing DNNs through the classic abstract interpretation technique, by a novel symbolic propagation technique. Specifically, the values of neurons are representedsymbolicallyand propagated from the input layer to the output layer, on top of the underlying abstract domains. It achieves significantly higher precision and thus can prove more properties.We propose a Lipschitz constant based verification framework. By utilising Lipschitz constants solved by semidefinite programming, we can prove global robustness of DNNs. We show how the Lipschitz constant can be tightened if it is restricted to small regions. A tightened Lipschitz constantcan be helpful in proving local robustness properties. Furthermore, a global Lipschitz constant can be used to accelerate batch local robustness verification, and thus support the verification of global robustness.We show how the proposed abstract interpretation and Lipschitz constant based approaches can benefit from each other to obtain more precise results. Moreover, they can be also exploited and combined to improve constraints based approach.We implement our methods in the tool PRODeep, and conduct detailed experimental results on several benchmarks
On Composite Quantum Hypothesis Testing
Authors: Berta Mario , Brandão Fernando G. S. L. , Hirche Christoph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe extend quantum Stein’s lemma in asymmetric quantum hypothesis testing to composite null and alternative hypotheses. As our main result, we show that the asymptotic error exponent for testing convex combinations of quantum states $$\rho ^{\otimes n}$$

ρ

⊗
n

against convex combinations of quantum states $$\sigma ^{\otimes n}$$

σ

⊗
n

can be written as a regularized quantum relative entropy formula. We prove that in general such a regularization is needed but also discuss various settings where our formula as well as extensions thereof become single-letter. This includes an operational interpretation of the relative entropy of coherence in terms of hypothesis testing. For our proof, we start from the composite Stein’s lemma for classical probability distributions and lift the result to the non-commutative setting by using elementary properties of quantum entropy. Finally, our findings also imply an improved recoverability lower bound on the conditional quantum mutual information in terms of the regularized quantum relative entropy—featuring an explicit and universal recovery map.
Pharmacokinetic studies of [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer: detection, differences in temporal distribution and kinetic modelling by tissue type
Authors: Strauss Dimitrios S. , Sachpekidis C. , Kopka K. , Pan L. , Haberkorn U. , Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
[68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 is a promising radiopharmaceutical for detecting tumour lesions in prostate cancer, but knowledge of the pharmacokinetics is limited. Dynamic PET-CT was performed to investigate the tumour detection and differences in temporal distribution, as well as in kinetic modelling of [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 by tissue type.

Methods
Dynamic PET-CT over the lower abdomen and static whole-body PET-CT 80–90 min p.i. from 142 patients with biochemical recurrence were retrospectively analysed. Detection rates were compared to PSA levels. Average time-activity curves were calculated from tumour lesions and normal tissue. A three-compartment model and non-compartment model were used to calculate tumour kinetics.

Results
Overall detection rate was 70.42%, and in patients with PSA > 0.4 ng/mL 76.67%. All tumour lesions presented the steepest standardised uptake value (SUV) incline in the first 7–8 min before decreasing to different degrees. Normal tissue presented with a low uptake, except for the bladder, which accumulated activity the steepest 15–16 min. p.i.. While all tumour lesions continuously increased, bone metastases showed the steepest decline, resulting in a significantly lower SUV than lymph node metastases (60 and 80–90 min). Transport rate from the blood and tracer binding and internalisation rate were lower in bone metastases. Heterogeneity (fractal dimension) and vascular density were significantly lower in bone metastases.

Conclusion
Even at low PSA between 0.51 and 0.99 ng/mL, detection rate was 57%. Dynamic imaging showed a time window in the first 10 min where tumour uptake is high, but no bladder activity is measured, aiding accuracy in distinction of local recurrence. Kinetic modelling provided additional information for tumour characterisation by tissue type.
Post-COVID-19 exacerbation of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva with multiple flare-ups and extensive heterotopic ossification in a 45-year-old female patient
Authors: Grgurevic Lovorka , Novak Rudjer , Hrkac Stela , Salai Grgur , Grazio Simeon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFibrodyplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare hereditary disease, which has a variable course characterized by occasional flare-ups of heterotopic ossification (HO) in soft tissues that are followed by swelling, stiffness, pain and warmth. Here, we report for the first time a case of a 45-year-old female patient with known FOP recovering from COVID-19 with disease progression potentially linked with the viral illness. In December 2020 the patient contracted a mild form of COVID-19 infection without need for hospital admission. Since January 2021, the patient felt unwell, with occasional abdominal pain which progressively intensified. In March 2021 she presented with new onset of HO, complaining of pain, swelling and thickening sensation in the lower abdomen and left part of the neck. Computerized tomography (CT) and cytokine analysis were performed. CT scan revealed new heterotopic bone formation in multiple soft tissue areas of the neck indicating clear radiological progression. Radiotherapy, which has proven to be an efficient tool to control HO in this patient, was not able to halt HO formation after COVID-19 infection. Cytokine analysis of a plasma sample obtained during a flare-up after COVID-19 infection showed a significantly elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to a flare-up panel prior to infection. Of the 23 analyzed levels of cytokines, a staggering number of 21 were above normal levels. This case is the first confirmation of uncontrolled post-COVID-19 effects in a FOP patient, which manifested with flare-ups followed by progressive HO, possibly caused by a thus far, never described form of post-COVID syndrome.
Augmented reality simulator for CT-guided interventions
Authors: Amiras D. , Hurkxkens T. J. , Figueroa D. , Pratt P. J , Pitrola B. , Watura C. , Rostampour S. , Shimshon G. J. , Hamady M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction
CT-guided interventions are taught using a mentored approach on real patients. It is well established that simulation is a valuable training tool in medicine. This project assessed the feasibility and acceptance of replicating a CT-guided intervention using a bespoke software application with an augmented reality head-mounted display (ARHMD).

Methods
A virtual patient was generated using a CT dataset obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive. A surface mesh of a virtual patient was projected into the field-of-view of the operator. ChArUco markers, placed on both the needle and agar jelly phantom, were tracked using RGB cameras built into the ARHMD. A virtual CT slice simulating the needle position was generated on voice command. The application was trialled by senior interventional radiologists and trainee radiologists with a structured questionnaire evaluating face validity and technical aspects.

Results
Sixteen users trialled the application and feedback was received from all. Eleven felt the accuracy and realism was adequate for training and twelve felt more confident about their CT biopsy skills after this training session.

Discussion
The study showed the feasibility of simulating a CT-guided procedure with augmented reality and that this could be used as a training tool.

Key Points
• Simulating a CT-guided procedure using augmented reality is possible.
• The simulator developed could be an effective training tool for clinical practical skills.
• Complexity of cases can be tailored to address the training level demands.