bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of intraoperative parathyroid hormone measurements during parathyroidectomy to predict postoperative parathyroid hormone levels in patients with renal hyperparathyroidism: meta-analysis
Authors: van Beek Dirk-Jan , Fredriksson Stina , Haegele Stefanie , Raffaelli Marco , Riss Philipp , Almquist Martin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Several studies have reported on the use of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (ioPTH) measurements during parathyroidectomy (PTX) for renal hyperparathyroidism (rHPT), but there is no consensus on whether it is helpful and, if so, what protocol should be used. Therefore, the literature was systematically reviewed to assess a correlation between ioPTH and early postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in patients undergoing PTX for rHPT, separately for those on dialysis and those with a functioning renal transplant.

Methods
A systematic literature search was performed in electronic databases. Quality assessment was performed using the ﻿Quality In Prognosis Studies tool. Mean ioPTH values were calculated at different time points and correlated to the postoperative PTH levels within 1 month. Fixed-effect and random-effects models were performed to assess the mean ioPTH levels at 10 or 20 min after resection (T10 and T20). Stratified analyses were performed for patients on dialysis and those with a functioning renal transplant.

Results
Of the 3087 records screened, 14 studies were included, including some 1177 patients; 1091 were on dialysis and 86 had a functioning kidney transplant. Risk of bias was moderate for most studies. For patients on dialysis, T10 and T20 mean ioPTH levels were 32.1 (95 per cent c.i. 24.3 to 39.9) pmol/l and 15.4 (95 per cent c.i. 7.8 to 22.9) pmol/l) in the random effects meta-analysis. Between individual studies, ioPTH ranged from 4.0–65.1 pmol/l at T10 and 8.6–25.7 pmol/l at T20. T10 and T20 ioPTH were 9.6 and 4.1 times the postoperative PTH—after T20 ioPTH stabilized in those on dialysis. In patients with a functioning renal transplant, ioPTH levels seemed to plateau after 10 min and measured 2.6 times the postoperative PTH.

Conclusion
There is a strong correlation between ioPTH and early postoperative PTH levels, indicating that ioPTH is potentially a useful instrument during PTX in patients with rHPT. For patients on dialysis, at T20 ioPTH levels have stabilized and are approximately four times the postoperative PTH. Therefore, it is recommended to use ioPTH 20 min after resection in patients on dialysis, which might be longer than necessary for those with a kidney transplant.
FAIRifying the exposome journal: Templates for chemical structures and transformations
Authors: Schymanski Emma L , Bolton Evan E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The exposome, the totality of lifetime exposures, is a new and highly complex paradigm for health and disease. Tackling this challenge requires an effort well beyond single individuals or laboratories, where every piece of the puzzle will be vital. The launch of this new Exposome journal coincides with the evolution of the exposome through its teenage years and into a growing maturity in an increasingly open and FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) world. This letter discusses how both authors and the Exposome journal alike can help increase the FAIRness of the chemical structural information and the associated metadata in the journal, aiming to capture more details about the chemistry of exposomics. The proposed chemical structure template can serve as an interoperable supplementary format that is made accessible through the website and more findable by linking the DOI of this data file to the article DOI metadata, supporting further reuse. An additional transformations template provides authors with a means to connect predecessor (parent and substrate) molecules to successor (transformation product and metabolite) molecules and thus provide FAIR connections between observed (i.e., experimental) chemical exposures and biological responses, to help improve the public knowledgebase on exposome-related transformations. These connections are vital to extend current biochemical knowledge and to fulfil the current Exposome definition of “the cumulative measure of environmental influences and associated biological responses throughout the lifespan including exposures from the environment, diet, behavior, and endogenous processes”.
The Differential Impact of Multimorbidity Patterns and Subsequent Accumulation on Longitudinal Trajectories of Physical Function Decline in a Population-Based Cohort of Older People
Authors: Liu Huiying , Zhang Xinyan , Chen Beizhuo , Fang Boye , Lou Vivian W Q , Hu Jian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Although both the patterns and accumulation of multimorbidity are important for predicting physical function, studies have not simultaneously examined their impact on functional decline. This study aimed to associate multimorbidity patterns and subsequently developed conditions with longitudinal trajectories of functional decline, and it tested whether the effects of newly developed conditions on functional decline varied across distinct multimorbidity patterns.

Methods
We included 6 634 participants aged at least 60 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey. Latent class analysis identified multimorbidity patterns from 14 chronic conditions. Mixed negative binomial models estimated the changes in physical function measured across 4 waves as a function of multimorbidity patterns, subsequently developed conditions, and their interactions.

Results
Five distinct patterns were identified 3 years before Wave 1: stomach/arthritis (15.7%), cardiometabolic (6.7%), arthritis/hypertension (47.9%), hepatorenal/multisystem (18.3%), and lung/asthma (11.4%). The hepatorenal/multisystem and the lung/asthma pattern were associated with worse baseline physical function, and the hypertension/arthritis pattern was associated with greater decline of physical function. The effect of developing new conditions on decline of physical function over time was most evident for individuals from the cardiometabolic pattern.

Conclusions
Considering both the combinations and progressive nature of multimorbidity is important for identifying individuals at greater risk of disability. Future studies are warranted to differentiate the factors responsible for the progression of chronic conditions in distinct multimorbidity patterns and investigate the potential implications for improved prediction of functional decline.
Construction of an InstantPC-derivatized glycan glucose unit database: A foundation work for high-throughput and high-sensitivity glycomic analysis
Authors: Xie Yongjing , Butler Michael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The glycosylation profile of biotherapeutic glycoproteins is a critical quality attribute that is routinely monitored to ensure desired product quality, safety and efficacy. Additionally, as one of the most prominent and complex post-translational modifications, glycosylation plays a key role in disease manifestation. Changes in glycosylation may serve as a specific and sensitive biomarker for disease diagnostics and prognostics. However, the conventional 2-aminobenzamide-based N-glycosylation analysis procedure is time-consuming and insensitive with poor reproducibility. We have evaluated an innovative streamlined 96-well-plate-based platform utilizing InstantPC label for high-throughput, high-sensitivity glycan profiling, which is user-friendly, robust and ready for automation. However, the limited availability of InstantPC-labeled glycan standards has significantly hampered the applicability and transferability of this platform for expedited glycan structural profiling. To address this challenge, we have constructed a detailed InstantPC-labeled glycan glucose unit (GU) database through analysis of human serum and a variety of other glycoproteins from various sources. Following preliminary hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with fluorescence detection separation and analysis, glycoproteins with complex glycan profiles were subjected to further fractionation by weak anion exchange HILIC and exoglycosidase sequential digestion for cross-validation of the glycan assignment. Hydrophilic interaction ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was subsequently utilized for glycan fragmentation and accurate glycan mass confirmation. The constructed InstantPC glycan GU database is accurate and robust. It is believed that this database will enhance the application of the developed platform for high-throughput, high-sensitivity glycan profiling and that it will eventually advance glycan-based biopharmaceutical production and disease biomarker discovery.
The influence of environmental conditions on sex determination in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis
Authors: Dalpé Andréanne , Lalonde-Larue Ariane , Choquette Thierry , Cimmino Jade , Leroux Émélie , Leung Christelle , Stewart Donald T , Angers Bernard , Breton Sophie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The factors affecting sex determination remain largely unknown for most bivalve species. Environmental factors, such as temperature, are known to influence sex determination in some species, and this has been hypothesized for the mussel Mytilus edulis, but not experimentally validated yet. Adult exposure to different environmental conditions during gametogenesis, which occurs seasonally, may also affect offspring phenotype, including sex determination. Intergenerational carryover effects have been reported in bivalves, but the impact of parental exposures on offspring sex determination has not been examined so far. To address these questions, artificial fertilizations were performed on individuals collected in three different years and their embryos were reared at three different temperatures to specifically test if the environment influences offspring sex ratio through effects on parental developing gametes and/or on developing embryos. The analysis of 1938 embryos from 25 crosses revealed a significant effect of both temperature treatments and sampling years on the proportion of females. However, the overall variation is mostly explained by the “temperature treatment × sampling years” interaction. Taken together, our results suggested that interannual environmental variations experienced by the parents (during gametogenesis) and embryo (during development) can influence the sex of the offspring in M. edulis.
A Multimodal Communicative Approach to the Analysis of Typography in Online English Learner’s Dictionaries
Authors: Hao Junjie , Xu Hai , Hu Huilian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The rise of online dictionaries has brought fundamental changes to dictionary typography. Using a multimodal communicative approach, this study aims to explore the current use of typography in online English learner’s dictionaries in light of the transition from typography for print to typography for digital display. The approach and the analytical framework were developed on the basis of theories of multimodality, dictionary communication and typographic studies. Sample entry pages for the word panda, as well as the ‘Word of the Day’ sections in the ‘Big Five’ online English learner’s dictionaries, have been used for case analyses. Typographic features were mainly identified using Whatfont, an extension of Google Chrome. Following a two-step procedure of identification and explanation, this study summarised the main features of the typography used in online English learner’s dictionaries, considering the consistency of typefaces, a certain degree of variation, the use of colour, and the deployment of space. As an important mode for making meaning in dictionary communication, typography has representational, structural, interpersonal, and aesthetic functions. These functions show different dimensions of the communicative potential of dictionary typography.
Functional Reuniens and Rhomboid Nuclei Are Required for Proper Acquisition and Expression of Cued and Contextual Fear in Trace Fear Conditioning
Authors: Wu Yi-ting , Chang Chun-hui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
The reuniens (Re) and rhomboid (Rh) nuclei (ReRh) of the midline thalamus interconnect the hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex. The hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex are both involved in the acquisition of trace fear conditioning, in which a conditioned stimulus (tone) and an aversive unconditioned stimulus (footshock) are paired but separated in time with a trace interval. Earlier, we demonstrated that ReRh inactivation during trace conditioning impaired the acquisition of cued fear. In contrast, ReRh inactivation during both conditioning and test resulted in heightened fear to tones during retrieval. Because there was a generalized contextual fear on top of heightened fear to tones in the latter experiment, here we aimed to examine the specific importance of the functional ReRh in cued fear and contextual fear through introducing prolonged contextual exposure.

Methods
The ReRh were pharmacologically inactivated with muscimol (or saline as controls) before each experimental session.

Results
We showed that although ReRh inactivation before trace fear conditioning impaired the acquisition of cued fear, the animals still acquired a certain level of fear to the tones. However, without the functional ReRh throughout the entire behavioral sessions, these animals showed heightened contextual fear that did not decline much with the passage of time, which generalized to the other context, and fear to tones reoccurred when the tones were presented.

Conclusions
Our results suggested that functional ReRh are important for proper acquisition and expression of fear to context and tones acquired under trace procedure.
HBV-HCC treatment with mRNA electroporated HBV-TCR T cells
Authors: Tan Anthony T , Bertoletti Antonio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma is a significant global health challenge with steadily increasing incidence in the East Asia region. While both Hepatitis C and B virus infections account for the majority of HCC cases, the advent of potent antivirals against HCV infection has biased the aetiology towards chronic HBV infection that at the moment remains without an effective cure. For this reason, HBV-HCC remains a persistent global problem. Treatment options for intermediate to advanced stages of HBV-HCC remain limited, hence novel therapeutic strategies are required to fulfil this medical need. Following the considerable success of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy against B-cell malignancies, it is conceivable to envision whether the same could be achieved against HBV-HCC. In this review, we describe the development of T-cell therapy strategies for HBV-HCC and discuss the safety and the efficacy of the strategies in terms of the direct killing of tumour cells and the other alterations possibly induced by the action of the T cells.
High-Throughput Sequencing for Life-History Sorting and for Bridging Reference Sequences in Marine Gerromorpha (Insecta: Heteroptera)
Authors: Chang Jia Jin Marc , Ip Yin Cheong Aden , Cheng Lanna , Kunning Ismael , Mana Ralph R , Wainwright Benjamin J , Huang Danwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAccurate identification and association of larval specimens with adults is a major challenge in insect taxonomy. Fortunately, it is now possible for nonexperts to sort collections of bulk samples with DNA barcodes rapidly and cost-effectively. We demonstrate this process using nanopore barcoding of 757 marine insects (Insecta: Gerromorpha), of which 81% were nymphs and many samples did not have co-occurring adult males for specific identification. We successfully associated 738 specimens (97%) to nine gerromorphan species, which would have been impossible to identify using morphological characters alone. This improved ability to incorporate information from all life-history stages has led to greater precision of species distributional ranges—knowledge that will be crucial for a more complete understanding of marine insects. We also highlighted two distinct, nonoverlapping Gerromorpha COI sequence databases on GenBank—a consequence of using two different primer sets to amplify different regions of COI. This issue inevitably hinders species identification with DNA-based methods, particularly for poorly represented groups such as marine insects. We bridged these databases by analyzing full-length COI sequences. We believe this will inspire future studies to incorporate DNA-based methods for more adult–larval association studies and for enhancing existing genetic resources, especially in understudied groups.
Heterogeneous vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus does not predict development of vancomycin resistance upon vancomycin pressure
Authors: Gaillard Tiphaine , Dupieux-Chabert Céline , Butin Marine , Dumitrescu Oana , Naceur Oilida , Bouveyron Caroline , Martra Annie , Bes Michèle , Tristan Anne , Vandenesch François , Lina Gérard , Laurent Frédéric , Rasigade Jean-Philippe 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
It is unclear whether Staphylococcus aureus with heterogeneous intermediate vancomycin resistance (hVISA) can develop vancomycin resistance faster than vancomycin-susceptible S. aureus (VSSA) strains.

Methods
We compared the kinetics of vancomycin MIC increase for 15 days of sustained in vitro vancomycin exposure for clinical hVISA (n = 12) and VSSA (n = 24) isolates, as well as for reference strains Mu3 (hVISA) and ATCC 29213 (VSSA). Clinical isolates were categorized as hVISA using the population analysis profile method. MICs were monitored for 15 days and the rate of MIC increase under exposure, for each strain, was evaluated in a linear regression model relative to time.

Results
All isolates acquired vancomycin resistance upon exposure. Vancomycin MICs increased faster for VSSA compared with hVISA isolates (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
The hVISA phenotype does not correspond to an enhanced adaptation potential to in vitro vancomycin pressure.
Impact of combinations of clinically observed HIV integrase mutations on phenotypic resistance to integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs): a molecular study
Authors: Cheung Peter K. , Shahid Aniqa , Dong Winnie , Lepik Katherine J. , Montaner Julio S. G. , Brockman Mark A. , Brumme Zabrina L. , Brumme Chanson J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Routine HIV drug resistance genotyping identified an integrase sequence harbouring T97A, E138K, G140S and Q148H, with high predicted resistance to all integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs).

Objectives
To assess the impact of these substitutions alone and together on phenotypic INSTI susceptibility.

Methods
We constructed recombinant NL4.3 viruses harbouring all mutation combinations in the autologous integrase sequence. Viruses were grown in GFP-reporter CD4+ T-cells in the presence of 0.01–1000 nM raltegravir, elvitegravir, dolutegravir, bictegravir, and cabotegravir. Infection was measured by imaging cytometry.

Results
Q148H-containing viruses lacking G140S failed to propagate or mutated in vitro, consistent with fitness costs. Statistically significant reductions in INSTI susceptibility were observed for several mutation combinations, as follows. T97A or G140S alone conferred 3.6- to 5.6-fold decreased susceptibility to raltegravir and elvitegravir. Two-mutation combinations conferred low-to-moderate resistance to raltegravir and elvitegravir only, except G140S/Q148H which eliminated raltegravir and elvitegravir activity and conferred 24.6-, 7.9-, and 107.5-fold reduced susceptibility to dolutegravir, bictegravir and cabotegravir. Addition of E138K to G140S/Q148H conferred 35.5, 11.6 and 208-fold reduced susceptibility to dolutegravir, bictegravir, and cabotegravir, while addition of T97A to G140S/Q148H conferred 318, 121 and &gt;1000-fold reduced susceptibility to these drugs. T97A/E138K/G140S/Q148H in the autologous backbone conferred &gt;300-fold reduced susceptibility to all INSTIs. Notably, bictegravir EC50 was significantly lower when T97A/E138K/G140S/Q148H was introduced into NL4.3, suggesting that other mutations in the autologous sequence enhanced resistance.

Conclusions
High-level dolutegravir, bictegravir and cabotegravir resistance requires multiple integrase substitutions including compensatory mutations. T97A and E138K further enhance the resistance conferred by G140S/Q148H, yielding &gt;300-fold decreased susceptibility to all INSTIs when all four mutations are present.
Clinical practice guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring of teicoplanin: a consensus review by the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and the Japanese Society of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Authors: Hanai Yuki , Takahashi Yoshiko , Niwa Takashi , Mayumi Toshihiko , Hamada Yukihiro , Kimura Toshimi , Matsumoto Kazuaki , Fujii Satoshi , Takesue Yoshio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundOwing to its low risk of adverse effects, teicoplanin has been extensively used in patients with infections caused by MRSA. To promote the better management of patients receiving teicoplanin, we have updated the guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).MethodsThe guidelines were developed by a committee following the methodology handbook published by the Japanese Medical Information Distribution Service. Nine clinical questions were selected. The committee conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish evidence-based recommendations for the target trough concentration (Cmin). An initial electronic database search returned 515 articles, and 97 articles qualified for a full review. Four and five studies were included for the efficacy evaluation of cut-off Cmin values of 15 and 20 mg/L, respectively.ResultsCompared with Cmin &lt; 15 mg/L, a target Cmin value of 15–30 mg/L resulted in increased clinical efficacy in patients with non-complicated MRSA infections (OR = 2.68; 95% CI = 1.14–6.32) without an increase in adverse effects. Although there was insufficient evidence, target Cmin values of 20–40 mg/L were suggested in patients with complicated or serious MRSA infections. A 3 day loading regimen followed by maintenance treatment according to renal function was recommended to achieve the target trough concentrations. Because of the prolonged half-life of teicoplanin, measurement of the Cmin value on Day 4 before reaching steady state was recommended.ConclusionsThe new guideline recommendations indicate the target Cmin value for TDM and the dosage regimen to achieve this concentration and suggest practices for specific subpopulations.