bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model order reduction for the simulation of parametric interest rate models in financial risk analysis
Authors: Binder Andreas , Jadhav Onkar , Mehrmann Volker 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a model order reduction approach for large scale high dimensional parametric models arising in the analysis of financial risk. To understand the risks associated with a financial product, one has to perform several thousand computationally demanding simulations of the model which require efficient algorithms. We establish a model reduction approach based on a variant of the proper orthogonal decomposition method to generate small model approximations for the high dimensional parametric convection-diffusion-reaction partial differential equations. This approach requires to solve the full model at some selected parameter values to generate a reduced basis. We propose an adaptive greedy sampling technique based on surrogate modeling for the selection of the sample parameter set. The new technique is analyzed, implemented, and tested on industrial data of a floater with cap and floor under the Hull–White model. The results illustrate that the reduced model approach works well for short-rate models.
Characterizations of weighted dynamic Hardy-type inequalities with higher-order derivatives
Authors: Saker S. H. , Mahmoud R. R. , Abdo K. R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we establish some necessary and sufficient conditions for the validity of a generalized dynamic Hardy-type inequality with higher-order derivatives with two different weighted functions on time scales. The corresponding continuous and discrete cases are captured when $\mathbb{T=R}$

T
=
R

and $\mathbb{T=N}$

T
=
N

, respectively. Finally, some applications to our main result are added to conclude some continuous results known in the literature and some other discrete results which are essentially new.
Norepinephrine and dobutamine improve cardiac index equally by supporting opposite sides of the heart in an experimental model of chronic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Hyldebrandt Janus Adler , Bøgh Nikolaj , Omann Camilla , Agger Peter 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary hypertension is a significant risk factor in patients undergoing surgery. The combined effects of general anaesthesia and positive pressure ventilation can aggravate this condition and cause increased pulmonary blood pressures, reduced systemic blood pressures and ventricular contractility. Although perioperative use of inotropic support or vasopressors is almost mandatory for these patients, preference is disputed. In this study, we investigated the effects of norepinephrine and dobutamine and their ability to improve the arterio-ventricular relationship and haemodynamics in pigs suffering from chronic pulmonary hypertension.

Method
Pulmonary hypertension was induced in five pigs by banding the pulmonary artery at 2–3 weeks of age. Six pigs served as controls. After 16 weeks of pulmonary artery banding, the animals were re-examined under general anaesthesia using biventricular conductance catheters and a pulmonary artery catheter. After baseline measurements, the animals were exposed to both norepinephrine and dobutamine infusions in incremental doses, with a stabilising period in between the infusions. The hypothesis of differences between norepinephrine and dobutamine with incremental doses was tested using repeated two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple comparisons post-test.

Results
At baseline, pulmonary artery-banded animals had increased right ventricular pressure (+ 39%, p = 0.04), lower cardiac index (− 23% p = 0.04), lower systolic blood pressure (− 13%, p = 0.02) and reduced left ventricular end-diastolic volume (− 33%, p = 0.02). When incremental doses of norepinephrine and dobutamine were administered, the right ventricular arterio-ventricular coupling was improved only by dobutamine (p < 0.05). Norepinephrine increased both left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular contractility to a greater extent (p < 0.05) in pulmonary artery-banded animals. While the cardiac index was improved equally by norepinephrine and dobutamine treatments in pulmonary artery-banded animals, norepinephrine had a significantly greater effect on mean arterial pressure (p < 0.05) and diastolic arterial pressure (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
While norepinephrine and dobutamine improved cardiac index equally, it was obtained in different manners. Dobutamine significantly improved the right ventricular function and the arterio-ventricular coupling. Norepinephrine increased systemic resistance, thereby improving arterial pressures and left ventricular systolic function by maintaining left ventricular end-diastolic volume.
Combining WV-2 images and tree physiological factors to detect damage stages of Populus gansuensis by Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) at the tree level
Authors: Zhou Quan , Zhang Xudong , Yu Linfeng , Ren Lili , Luo Youqing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), commonly known as Asian longhorned beetle (ALB), is a wood-boring insect that can cause lethal infestation to multiple borer leaf trees. In Gansu Province, northwest China, ALB has caused a large number of deaths of a local tree species Populus gansuensis. The damaged area belongs to Gobi desert where every single tree is artificially planted and is extremely difficult to cultivate. Therefore, the monitoring of the ALB infestation at the individual tree level in the landscape is necessary. Moreover, the determination of an abnormal phenotype that can be obtained directly from remote-sensing images to predict the damage degree can greatly reduce the cost of field investigation and management.

Methods
Multispectral WorldView-2 (WV-2) images and 5 tree physiological factors were collected as experimental materials. One-way ANOVA of the tree’s physiological factors helped in determining the phenotype to predict damage degrees. The original bands of WV-2 and derived vegetation indices were used as reference data to construct the dataset of a prediction model. Variance inflation factor and stepwise regression analyses were used to eliminate collinearity and redundancy. Finally, three machine learning algorithms, i.e., Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Classification And Regression Tree (CART), were applied and compared to find the best classifier for predicting the damage stage of individual P. gansuensis.

Results
The confusion matrix of RF achieved the highest overall classification accuracy (86.2%) and the highest Kappa index value (0.804), indicating the potential of using WV-2 imaging to accurately detect damage stages of individual trees. In addition, the canopy color was found to be positively correlated with P. gansuensis’ damage stages.

Conclusions
A novel method was developed by combining WV-2 and tree physiological index for semi-automatic classification of three damage stages of P. gansuensis infested with ALB. The canopy color was determined as an abnormal phenotype that could be directly assessed using remote-sensing images at the tree level to predict the damage degree. These tools are highly applicable for driving quick and effective measures to reduce damage to pure poplar forests in Gansu Province, China.
Inhibition of cell expansion enhances cortical microtubule stability in the root apex of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Giourieva Veronica , Panteris Emmanuel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCortical microtubules regulate cell expansion by determining cellulose microfibril orientation in the root apex ofArabidopsis thaliana. While the regulation of cell wall properties by cortical microtubules is well studied, the data on the influence of cell wall to cortical microtubule organization and stability remain scarce. Studies on cellulose biosynthesis mutants revealed that cortical microtubules depend on Cellulose Synthase A (CESA) function and/or cell expansion. Furthermore, it has been reported that cortical microtubules in cellulose-deficient mutants are hypersensitive to oryzalin. In this work, the persistence of cortical microtubules against anti-microtubule treatment was thoroughly studied in the roots of severalcesamutants, namelythanatos,mre1,any1,prc1-1andrsw1, and the Cellulose Synthase Interacting 1 protein (csi1)mutantpom2-4. In addition, various treatments with drugs affecting cell expansion were performed on wild-type roots. Whole mount tubulin immunolabeling was applied in the above roots and observations were performed by confocal microscopy.ResultsCortical microtubules in all mutants showed statistically significant increased persistence against anti-microtubule drugs, compared to those of the wild-type. Furthermore, to examine if the enhanced stability of cortical microtubules was due to reduced cellulose biosynthesis or to suppression of cell expansion, treatments of wild-type roots with 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) and Congo red were performed. After these treatments, cortical microtubules appeared more resistant to oryzalin, than in the control.ConclusionsAccording to these findings, it may be concluded that inhibition of cell expansion, irrespective of the cause, results in increased microtubule stability inA. thalianaroot. In addition, cell expansion does not only rely on cortical microtubule orientation but also plays a regulatory role in microtubule dynamics, as well. Various hypotheses may explain the increased cortical microtubule stability under decreased cell expansion such as the role of cell wall sensors and the presence of less dynamic cortical microtubules.
Pharyngeal spreading of peri-implant infections under antiresorptive/antiangiogenic therapy
Authors: Kern Karsten , Lukmann Fania , Obreja Karina , Al-Maawi Sara , Carla Bellinghausen , Ghanaati Shahram , Rohde Gernot , Sader Robert , Schwarz Frank 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the influence of antiresorptive/antiangiogenic therapy on the spreading of peri-implant infections in the pharyngeal region.Material and methodsThis analysis was based on tissue biopsies obtained from a total of twenty-five albino rats having either received (1) amino-bisphosphonate (Zoledronate) (Zo) (n=4), (2) RANKL inhibitor (Denosumab) (De) (n=4), (3) antiangiogenic medication (Bevacizumab) (Be) (n=4), (4) Zo+Be (n=3), (5) De+Be (n=5), or (6) no medication (Co) (n=5). Drug administration was repeated at 12 weeks. Chronic-type peri-implant infections were induced at titanium implants located in the upper jaws. The surface area (%) of infiltrated connective tissue (ICT) and CD68-positive cells was assessed within the lateral pharyngeal/retropharyngeal connective tissue zone.ResultsMean (±SD) and median ICT% values and CD68 counts were markedly highest in the De+Be (11.10±6.04; 11.81; 95% CI − 3.89; 26.11) and De (5.70±5.06; 6.19; 95% CI − 2.34; 13.75) groups, reaching statistical significance for De CD68 counts over the Co (0.18±0.25; 0.18; 95% CI −2.14; 2.51) group. In both De+Be and De groups, the ICTs were occasionally associated with an ulceration of the epithelial compartment.ConclusionsInduced peri-implant infections were not associated with any inflammatory lesions in pharyngeal tissues. While these findings were similar under Zo and Be medication, De and De+Be had a marked effect on ICT and CD68 values. The clinical relevance of these adverse findings needs further investigation.
Dietary intake, intestinal infection, and safe drinking water among children with anemia in Peru: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Westgard Christopher M. , Orrego-Ferreyros Luis A. , Calderón Liz Franco , Rogers Alexandra M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Anemia is a major public health concern that is present in 41.7% of children under 5 worldwide. The prevalence of anemia in Peru was 43.6% in 2017, a decrease by only 6.8% in 8 years. Despite great efforts made by the government to reduce anemia by distributing free multi-micronutrient supplements and promote the consumption of iron rich foods, progress has been slow. The current study sought to better understand why the prevalence remains high by analyzing the dietary intake, incidence of intestinal infectious disease, and access to safe drinking water by children with anemia in Peru.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from two national surveys that were combined by child ID. Descriptive statistics was analyzed to understand the experience of children with anemia in comparison to child without anemia. Logistic multivariate regression analyses were conducted to test the associations between anemia and dietary intake, intestinal infection, and access to safe drinking water.

Results
The sample included 586 children between 6 and 35 months. The prevalence of anemia in this population was 53%. The portion of children that consumed sufficient iron to meet the recommendation for their age was 62%. Of the children with anemia, 52% consumed sufficient iron to meet their recommendation, vs. 72% of children without anemia (p < 0.001). The children with anemia were more likely to have an intestinal infection during the previous year (35% vs. 26%, p = 0.057) and less likely to have access to safe drinking water (77% vs. 86%, p = 0.002) than those without anemia. The logistic analysis revealed that having an intestinal infection increased the odds of having anemia (OR = 1.64, CI 95% [1.041–2.584]), and having access to safe drinking waters decreased the odds of having anemia (OR = 0.578, [0.334–0.998]).

Conclusions
More than half of the children with anemia in Peru already consume sufficient iron to meet their daily requirement. However, they continue to have anemia, likely due to intestinal infection, such as diarrhea and parasites, from a lack of access to safe drinking water and hygienic practices.
Food and nutrition literacy status and its correlates in Iranian senior high-school students
Authors: Ashoori Marziyeh , Omidvar Nasrin , Eini-Zinab Hassan , Shakibazadeh Elham , Doustmohamadian Azam , Abdar-Esfahani Behnaz , Mazandaranian Mohammad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Planning interventions to promote food and nutrition literacy (FNL) require a better understanding of the FNL status of the target group and its correlates.

Aims
This study aimed to examine the FNL status and its determinants in Iranian senior high-school students.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, FNL and its components (food and nutrition knowledge, functional skills, interactive skills, advocacy, critical analysis of information, and food label reading skill) were evaluated by a locally designed and validated, self-administered questionnaire. Besides, socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometric measures, as well as academic performance of 626 senior high-school students were assessed.

Results
The mean ± SD of the total FNL score (within potential range of 0 to 100) was 52.1 ± 10.96, which is below the minimum adequate level of 60. The probability of high FNL knowledge score was significantly higher among students who majored in Natural Sciences (OR = 1.73, CI = 1.09–2.75), had better school performance (OR = 1.13, CI = 1.06–1.20) and higher SES score (OR = 1.20, CI = 1.01–1.44). The score for food label reading was significantly lower in girls (OR = 0.45, CI = 0.31–0.67), while those who had a family member with the nutrition-related disease were more likely to have a higher score of food label reading skill (OR = 1.48, CI = 1.01–1.64).

Conclusion
The level of FNL in senior high-school students in Tehran was relatively low. These findings have key messages for the education system and curriculum designers to have more consideration for food and nutrition-related knowledge and skills in schools.
Alternatives to the conventional ‘Oxford’ tutorial model: a scoping review
Authors: Balwant Paul Tristen , Doon Roshnie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn higher education, one commonly used teaching approach that is intended to develop deep learning is that of the ‘Oxford’ tutorial—a personalized Socratic approach in which an instructor discusses course-related issues with a handful of students. Even though this conventional tutorial model is well supported in the literature, it may be neglected by research-driven academics and is expensive to operate. The latter issue has placed tutorials in the spotlight because higher education institutions are facing huge funding cuts worldwide. In light of these problems, a scoping review was conducted to explore financially viable alternatives to the Oxford tutorial for management education. Articles in highly ranked management education and development academic journals were collected by searching these catalogs and compiling a database of 48 articles published in four premier journals. These articles were reviewed by two independent raters in order to arrive at 8 alternatives to the Oxford tutorial model that can achieve similar objectives of said tutorials while reducing costs. These alternative tutorial models all involve the application of information communication technologies to tutorials and include peer instruction, simulations and games, online collaborative learning, syndicates, flipped classrooms, communication systems, tailored learning, and portfolios. Challenges and implementation guidelines are explained for each alternative tutorial model.
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in a child with ulcerative colitis: a case report
Authors: Ng Hon Yan , Guttman Orlee R. , Tucker Lori B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a condition characterized by sterile bone inflammation, usually occurring in childhood. Although the etiology remains unclear, this condition has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) are also uncommon pediatric conditions with a known association with IBD.

Case presentation
We present a unique case of a pediatric patient with an initial diagnosis of CRMO, with subsequent diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis and PSC overlap, and eventually IBD.

Conclusions
Patients with CRMO may also develop PSC in addition to IBD, further highlighting the importance of IBD pathophysiology in both conditions. Clinical screening of associated gastrointestinal findings may be of value in patients with CRMO.
Omentin-1: a biomarker in large artery ischaemic stroke patients
Authors: Nasif Elham , Ragab Osama A. , Elhassanien Mahmoud E. , Al-Malt Ayman M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Omentin-1 is a novel adipocytokine that is related to atherosclerosis-based ischaemic cardiovascular disease and stroke. Previous studies have linked its lower levels with poor stroke outcomes. We aimed to assess the level of serum omentin-1 as a prognostic marker in patients with large artery ischaemic stroke.

Methods
Fifty ischaemic stroke patients suffering large artery ischaemic stroke and another 50 subjects without a prior history of strokes were recruited. All participants were subjected to neurological examinations, echocardiography and laboratory investigations including a lipid profile and HBA1c. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured for all participants. Stroke patients were evaluated by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Infarction volume was measured by magnetic resonance image (MRI) and serum level of omentin-1 was gauged for all participants.

Results
Carotid IMT significantly increased in stroke patients compared to control subjects. While serum omentin-1 levels were higher in control non-diabetic subjects, they were lower in diabetic patients with ischaemic stroke. Serum omentin-1 levels were inversely correlated with NIHSS, carotid IMT, infarction volume and mRS scores in all stroke patients. Serum omentin-1 level less than 24.5 ng/ml showed 93.7%sensitivity and 44.4% specificity in prediction of poor stroke outcome while values less than 27.8 ng/ml in non-diabetic stroke patients had sensitivity and specificity with 87.5% and 55.6% respectively.

Conclusion
Lower levels of serum omentin-1 are associated with increased ischaemic stroke severity and poor functional outcome.
Genome wide identification and characterization of light-harvesting Chloro a/b binding (LHC) genes reveals their potential role in enhancing drought tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: MEHARI Teame Gereziher , XU Yanchao , MAGWANGA Richard Odongo , UMER Muhammad Jawad , KIRUNGU Joy Nyangasi , CAI Xiaoyan , HOU Yuqing , WANG Yuhong , YU Shuxun , WANG Kunbo , ZHOU Zhongli , LIU Fang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Cotton is an important commercial crop for being a valuable source of natural fiber. Its production has undergone a sharp decline because of abiotic stresses, etc. Drought is one of the major abiotic stress causing significant yield losses in cotton. However, plants have evolved self-defense mechanisms to cope abiotic factors like drought, salt, cold, etc. The evolution of stress responsive transcription factors such as the trihelix, a nodule-inception-like protein (NLP), and the late embryogenesis abundant proteins have shown positive response in the resistance improvement to several abiotic stresses.

Results
Genome wide identification and characterization of the effects of Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b binding (LHC) genes were carried out in cotton under drought stress conditions. A hundred and nine proteins encoded by the LHC genes were found in the cotton genome, with 55, 27, and 27 genes found to be distributed in Gossypium hirsutum, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii, respectively. The proteins encoded by the genes were unevenly distributed on various chromosomes. The Ka/Ks (Non-synonymous substitution rate/Synonymous substitution rate) values were less than one, an indication of negative selection of the gene family. Differential expressions of genes showed that majority of the genes are being highly upregulated in the roots as compared with leaves and stem tissues. Most genes were found to be highly expressed in MR-85, a relative drought tolerant germplasm.

Conclusion
The results provide proofs of the possible role of the LHC genes in improving drought stress tolerance, and can be explored by cotton breeders in releasing a more drought tolerant cotton varieties.