bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘We experienced lack of understanding in the healthcare system’. Experiences of childhood sexual abuse survivors of the childbearing process, health and motherhood
Authors: Jonsdottir Inga Vala , Sigurdardottir Sigrun , Halldorsdottir Sigridur , Jonsdottir Sigridur Sia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildhood sexual abuse (CSA) has widespread and long‐lasting impact on women's lives and health. Increased knowledge and deeper understanding are needed of survivors’ experiences of the childbearing process, health and motherhood.MethodsIn this phenomenological study, 16 in‐depth interviews were conducted with nine female CSA survivors. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.ResultsThe overarching theme of the study is: ‘more understanding is needed’, which refers to the participants’ experience that greater understanding is needed from health professionals of the long‐term effects of CSA on childbearing women. Most of the women had suffered from poor health, especially chronic pain associated with fibromyalgia and gynaecological diseases. All of them had suffered mental health consequences particularly anxiety, depression and PTSD. The majority had experienced flashbacks to the violence and disassociation. Many had experienced miscarriages, had deviations from normal pregnancies and births, such as prolonged labour, caesarean sections, induction of labour, vacuum extraction, bleeding and exaggerated pregnancy problems, such as great nausea and pelvic pain. All but one had a negative experience in one of their births. All of them had experienced a lack of understanding in the healthcare system, perceived abuse of power and felt vulnerable in those situations. All of them had a strong need for a sense of control and participation in decision‐making in the childbearing process. Most of them had experienced problems in bonding with their children and some have had difficulties touching them. All of them were in dire need of protecting their children from potential violence and many expressed a tendency to overprotect them.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals need to have more knowledge and greater understanding of how healthcare services can be improved so that CSA survivors can have a better experience of the childbearing process.
Elevated carbon dioxide and temperature effects on soil properties from sole crops and intercrops
Authors: Oelbermann Maren , Morgan Svenja , Echarte Laura 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClimate change is associated with more intense phases of heat, drought or precipitation that can have a negative impact on soil properties. Our goal was to understand if elevated CO2 (eCO2) and temperature (eT), and a multicomponent (eCO2eT) climate effect will influence soil properties from cereal‐legume intercrops differently compared to sole crops. We hypothesized that cereal‐legume intercrops can regulate climate effects, causing soil properties and greenhouse gas fluxes to be similar to ambient climate conditions. eT and eCO2eT decreased soil organic carbon (C) (p = .001) and nitrogen (N) (p = .003) but increased (p = .011) soil nitrate in all crop systems, compared to ambient conditions. For crop systems, soil ammonium was lower (p = .001) with all climate effects, but nitrate was greater (p = .011) with eCO2 and eCO2eT compared to ambient conditions. The microbial community had a preferential (p = .024) consumption of C3 sources in the sole crops. Climate effects also influenced how C and N were accessed by microbes in all crop systems, shifting (p = .001) species richness and microbial community structure. CO2 fluxes were greater (p = .001) with eT and eCO2, whereas N2O fluxes were greater (p = .005) with eCO2 and eCO2eT. However, greenhouse gas fluxes from the intercrop were similar between eT or eCO2eT and ambient conditions. For soil properties, we rejected our hypothesis since cereal‐legume intercrops did not have an advantage over sole crops to cope with single‐ and multicomponent climate effects, but we partially accepted our hypothesis since greenhouse gas fluxes were similar between AMB and eT or eCO2eT.
User experiences of using a spatial analysis tool in collaborative GIS for maritime spatial planning
Authors: Koski Christian , Rönneberg Mikko , Kettunen Pyry , Armoškaitė Aurelija , Strake Solvita , Oksanen Juha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMaritime spatial planning (MSP) is a decision‐making process for managing human activities at sea. Stakeholder participation is critical to MSP processes. Spatial decision support systems (SDSSs) can be effective tools for analyzing problems in MSP, for example, the impact of human activities on marine ecosystems. However, despite the fact that multiple SDSSs have been developed for MSP, they are rarely used in real‐world MSP processes. We aim to provide insight into stakeholders' understanding and perception of the appropriateness and completeness of SDSSs in an MSP stakeholder meeting. We studied whether SDSSs can benefit from being integrated into CGIS to support alternative methods for problem exploration and solving in groups. The results show that most, but not all, stakeholders understood well or fairly well what the tool does and how to use it, and agreed that the tool was appropriate and had the necessary requirements for problem solving. The results also show that problem exploration and solving with an SDSS in groups can benefit from the tool being integrated into a CGIS. Further research is needed to find effective solutions to overcome stakeholders' challenges in using GIS, and to develop flexible solutions that enable alternative problem‐solving methods.
Overexpression of arogenate dehydratase reveals an upstream point of metabolic control in phenylalanine biosynthesis
Authors: Yoo Heejin , Shrivastava Stuti , Lynch Joseph H. , Huang Xing‐Qi , Widhalm Joshua R. , Guo Longyun , Carter Benjamin C. , Qian Yichun , Maeda Hiroshi A. , Ogas Joseph P. , Morgan John A. , Marshall‐Colón Amy , Dudareva Natalia 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARYOut of the three aromatic amino acids, the highest flux in plants is directed towards phenylalanine, which is utilized to synthesize proteins and thousands of phenolic metabolites contributing to plant fitness. Phenylalanine is produced predominantly in plastids via the shikimate pathway and subsequent arogenate pathway, both of which are subject to complex transcriptional and post‐transcriptional regulation. Previously, it was shown that allosteric feedback inhibition of arogenate dehydratase (ADT), which catalyzes the final step of the arogenate pathway, restricts flux through phenylalanine biosynthesis. Here, we show that in petunia (Petunia hybrida) flowers, which typically produce high phenylalanine levels, ADT regulation is relaxed, but not eliminated. Moderate expression of a feedback‐insensitive ADT increased flux towards phenylalanine, while high overexpression paradoxically reduced phenylalanine formation. This reduction could be partially, but not fully, recovered by bypassing other known metabolic flux control points in the aromatic amino acid network. Using comparative transcriptomics, reverse genetics, and metabolic flux analysis, we discovered that transcriptional regulation of the d‐ribulose‐5‐phosphate 3‐epimerase gene in the pentose phosphate pathway controls flux into the shikimate pathway. Taken together, our findings reveal that regulation within and upstream of the shikimate pathway shares control over phenylalanine biosynthesis in the plant cell.
Quantitative risk assessment of human Taenia solium exposure from consuming pork produced in Punjab, India
Authors: G K Megha , Singh Balbir Bagicha , Sharma Rajnish , Aulakh RS , Brookes Victoria J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTaenia solium cysticercosis is a neglected zoonosis that affects people throughout much of the developing world. The disease is endemic in Punjab state of India and controlling it is a public health challenge. No studies have been conducted to quantify the risk of T. solium exposure from consuming pork produced in the state. A stochastic quantitative risk assessment (QRA) model was constructed to understand the risk of human T. solium infection from consuming pork produced in Punjab. Input data were collected from official records, published literature, active surveillance and specifically for this study. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the influence of the input parameters on the main output probability that any one pork meal is infective (contains at least one viable cyst) at consumption. The probability of any pork meal in Punjab containing at least one viable T. solium cyst post‐storage and post‐cooking was median 5.57 × 10‐4 (95% PI 1.06 × 10‐4—1.95 × 10‐3). Sobol’ sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the most influential input parameters on consumption of a pork meal with at least one viable T. solium were the probability that a meal is insufficiently cooked to render cysts unviable, and the proportion of infected carcasses following informal slaughter. Whilst improved sanitation and hygiene can prevent cysticercosis in people, efforts to reduce the prevalence of T. solium cysts in pig carcases by preventing pigs’ access to human waste, increasing meat inspection and promoting effective cooking practices are also important to reduce this source of taeniasis.
Sagging Prevention for Hematite-Based Invert Emulsion Mud
Authors: Ahmed Ashraf , Basfar Salem , Elkatatny Salaheldin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The solids sagging in high-pressure high-temperature (HP/HT) reservoirs is a common challenge associated with hematite drilling fluids. This study provides a solution to hematite sagging in invert emulsion mud for HP/HT wells, which involves the combination of Micromax (Mn3O4) with hematite. The particles of both weighting agents were characterized to address their mineralogical features. A field formulation of the mud was used over a range of Micromax/hematite ratios (0/100, 20/80, and 30/70%) in laboratory experiments to address the sag performance and determine the optimal combination ratio. Then, density, emulsion stability, rheology, viscoelasticity, and filtration performance for the formulated mud were addressed. The tests were conditioned to 500 psi and 350 °F. The acquired results of sag tests indicated that incorporation of 30% Micromax solved the hematite sagging issue and brought the sag tendency within the recommended safe range. An insignificant reduction in mud density was observed upon the inclusion of Micromax, while the emulsion stability was obviously improved from 551 to 614 volts with the 30% Micromax mixture. The recommended 30/70% combination had almost no effect on plastic viscosity and yield point since they were increased by one unit, but the gel strength was improved resulting in flat rheology and better solids suspension capacity. The filtration behavior of the formulation with 30% Micromax was enhanced compared to pure hematite as it resulted in 10% and 14% reduction of the filtrate volume and filter-cake thickness, respectively. This study contributes to improve and economize the drilling cost and time by formulating a stabilized and distinguished-performance drilling mud using combined weighting agents at HP/HT.
Emotional distress and well-being among people with motor neurone disease (MND) and their family caregivers: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Pinto Cathryn , Geraghty Adam W A , Yardley Lucy , Dennison Laura 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveWe aimed to get an in-depth understanding of the emotions experienced by people with motor neurone disease (MND) and their caregivers, and to explore what impacts emotional distress and well-being.DesignQualitative study using semi-structured interviews with people with MND and caregivers.SettingParticipants were recruited from across the UK and took part in interviews conducted either face to face, by telephone or email to accommodate for varying levels of disability.Participants25 people with MND and 10 caregivers took part. Participants were purposively sampled based on their MND diagnosis, symptoms and time since diagnosis.Data analysisData were analysed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsEight broad themes were generated (20 subthemes). Participants described the emotional distress of losing physical function and having a threatened future because of poor prognosis. Keeping up with constant changes in symptoms and feeling unsupported by the healthcare system added to emotional distress. Finding hope and positivity, exerting some control, being kinder to oneself and experiencing support from others were helpful strategies for emotional well-being.ConclusionThe study provides a broad understanding of what impacts emotional distress and well-being and discusses implications for psychological interventions for people with MND and caregivers. Any communication and support provided for people with MND and their caregivers, needs to pay attention to concepts of hope, control and compassion.
Adult food choices in association with the local retail food environment and food access in resource-poor communities: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Madlala Samukelisiwe Sthokozisiwe , Hill Jillian , Kunneke Ernesta , Faber Mieke 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionThe local retail food environment influences dietary patterns and food choices, as suggested in the literature. The lack of access to healthy food within this environment may result in unhealthy food choices which may lead to obesity and the development of non-communicable diseases. Evidence suggests that resource-poor communities may have unhealthy food environments, therefore, preventing residents from making healthy food choices. A systematic scoping review will be conducted to provide an overview of the evidence on adult food choices in association with the local retail food environment and food access in resource-poor communities.Methods and analysisThis protocol for the scoping review was developed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines and the framework process by Arksey and O’Malley. Observational studies, published from July 2005 to January 2021, will be searched and screened. Keywords and medical subject headings (MeSH) terms will be used to search several multidisciplinary databases. Two independent reviewers will screen identified articles using the selection criteria and extract data using the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Descriptive numerical and thematic analysis will be performed to evaluate and categorise quantitative and qualitative data.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will not be required for the review, as data from published studies will be used. The results of this scoping review will form part of a PhD thesis that will be submitted to the University of the Western Cape, South Africa. The review findings will also be presented at conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.Open science framework registration numberhttps://osf.io/shf93.
Effect of a common exercise programme with an individualised progression criterion based on the measurement of neuromuscular capacity versus current best practice for lower limb tendinopathies (MaLaGa trial): a protocol for a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Escriche-Escuder Adrian , Cuesta-Vargas Antonio I , Casaña Jose 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionHigh-load resistance training has shown positive effects in pain and function in lower limb tendinopathies. However, some authors suggest that current exercise programmes produce an increase in tolerance to load and exercise in general but without fixing some existing issues in tendinopathy. This may indicate the need to include training aspects not currently taken into account in the current programmes. The main objective of this study will be to compare the effect of a common exercise protocol for the three predominant lower limb tendinopathies (Achilles, patellar and gluteal), based on an individualised control of the dose and training of specific aspects of the neuromuscular system versus the current best practice for each location.Methods and analysisThis study will be conducted among people with mid-portion Achilles, patellar or gluteal tendinopathy. The participants allocated to the experimental group will perform a 14-week innovative common therapeutic exercise programme. Participants allocated to the control group will carry out a 14-week exercise programme based on the best current practice for each of the studied locations. The Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment questionnaire will be considered the primary outcome. Pain, central sensitisation, fear avoidance behaviour, quality of life, treatment satisfaction, lower-limb strength and function, and high-density electromyography profile will be evaluated as secondary outcomes. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 7 weeks, after the intervention (week 14), 26 weeks and 52 weeks.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Portal de Ética de la Investigación Biomédica de Andalucía Ethics Committee (1221-N-19). All participants will be informed about the purpose and content of the study and written informed consent will be completed. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be disseminated electronically and in print.Trial registration numberNCT03853122; Pre-results.
Epidemiological factors associated with the absence of previous HIV testing among HIV-positive persons in Singapore, 2012–2017
Authors: Ang Li Wei , Toh Matthias Paul Han Sim , Boudville Irving Charles , Wong Chen Seong , Archuleta Sophia , Lee Vernon , Chow Angela , Leo Yee Sin 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the temporal trend and identify risk factors associated with the absence of previous HIV testing prior to their diagnosis among HIV-positive persons in Singapore.Study designCross-sectional.Setting and participantsWe analysed data of HIV-positive persons infected via sexual transmission, who were notified to the National HIV Registry in 2012–2017.OutcomesEpidemiological factors associated with the absence of HIV testing prior to diagnosis were determined separately for two groups of HIV-positive persons: early and late stages of HIV infection at diagnosis.Results2188 HIV-positive persons with information on HIV testing history and CD4 cell count were included in the study. The median age at HIV diagnosis was 40 years (IQR 30–51). Nearly half (45.1%) had never been tested for HIV prior to their diagnosis. The most common reason cited for no previous HIV testing was ‘not necessary to test’ (73.7%). The proportion diagnosed at late-stage HIV infection was significantly higher among HIV-positive persons who had never been tested for HIV (63.9%) compared with those who had undergone previous HIV tests (29.0%). Common risk factors associated with no previous HIV testing in multivariable logistic regression analysis stratified by stage of HIV infection were: older age at HIV diagnosis, lower educational level, detection via medical care and HIV infection via heterosexual transmission. In the stratified analysis for persons diagnosed at early-stage of HIV infection, in addition to the four risk factors, women and those of Malay ethnicity were also less likely to have previous HIV testing prior to their diagnosis.ConclusionTargeted prevention efforts and strategies are needed to raise the level of awareness of HIV/AIDS and to encourage early and regular screening among the at-risk groups by making HIV testing more accessible.
Early screening for post-stroke depression, and the effect on functional outcomes, quality of life and mortality: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Selvaraj Sudhakar , Arora Teresa , Casameni Montiel Tahani , Grey Ian , Alfraih Hind , Fadipe Melissa , Suchting Robert , Savitz Sean , Sanner Beauchamp Jennifer E , Östlundh Linda 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionPost-stroke depression (PSD) is a severe complication of cerebrovascular stroke affecting about one-third of stroke survivors. Moreover, PSD is associated with functional recovery and quality of life (QOL) in stroke survivors. Screening for PSD is recommended. There are, however, differences in the literature on the impact of early screening on functional outcomes. In this systematic review, we synthesise the currently available literature regarding the associations between timing and setting of PSD screening and mortality, QOL and functional outcomes in stroke survivors.Methods and analysisWe will systematically search electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHL from inception to August 2021. Four reviewers will screen the title and abstract and full-text level records identified in the search in a blinded fashion to determine the study eligibility. Any selection disagreements between the reviewers will be resolved by the study investigator. Data extraction of eligible studies will be conducted by two reviewers using a predefined template. We will complete the quality assessment of included articles independently by two reviewers using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Eventual discrepancies will be resolved by the principal investigator.Ethics and disseminationDue to the nature of the study design, ethical approval is not required. The systematic review and meta-analysis findings will be published and disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal. Our results will also be disseminated through posters and presentations at appropriate scientific conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021235993.
Adverse events associated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Forbes Nauzer , Leontiadis Grigorios I. , Vaska Marcus , Elmunzer B. Joseph , Yuan Yuhong , Bishay Kirles , Meng Zhao Wu , Iannuzzi Jordan , O"Sullivan Dylan E , Mah Brittany , Partridge Arun C R , Henderson Amanda M , Qureshi Aatif , Keswani Rajesh N , Wani Sachin , Bridges Ronald J , Heitman Steven J , Hilsden Robert J , Ruan Yibing , Brenner Darren R 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is performed to diagnose and manage conditions of the biliary and pancreatic ducts. Though effective, it is associated with common adverse events (AEs). The purpose of this study is to systematically review ERCP AE rates and report up-to-date pooled estimates.Methods and analysisA comprehensive electronic search will be conducted of relevant medical databases through 10 November 2020. A study team of eight data abstracters will independently determine study eligibility, assess quality and abstract data in parallel, with any two concordant entries constituting agreement and with discrepancies resolved by consensus. The primary outcome will be the pooled incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis, with secondary outcomes including post-ERCP bleeding, cholangitis, perforation, cholecystitis, death and unplanned healthcare encounters. Secondary outcomes will also include rates of specific and overall AEs within clinically relevant subgroups determined a priori. DerSimonian and Laird random effects models will be used to perform meta-analyses of these outcomes. Sources of heterogeneity will be explored via meta-regression. Subgroup analyses based on median dates of data collection across studies will be performed to determine whether AE rates have changed over time.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this study as it is a planned meta-analysis of previously published data. Participant consent is similarly not required. Dissemination is planned via presentation at relevant conferences in addition to publication in peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020220221.