bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly sensitive Mach–Zehnder interferometric micromagnetic field sensor based on 3D printing technology
Authors: Zhang Dengwei , Zhang Zhihang , Wei Heming , Krishnaswamy Sridhar 
Published: August 2021

A two-photon 3D printed polymer magnetic sensing device based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is proposed. One arm of the MZI contains a hollow cavity and two connecting open channels that can be filled with magnetic fluids (MFs) and sealed by the UV curable adhesive, forming a magneto-optical component of the interferometer. As the magnetic field changes, the refractive index (RI) of the MF changes, and the effective RI of the guiding mode of the waveguide changes accordingly, which results in a change in the phase of the MZI. The interferometric spectra can be used to evaluate the sensing sensitivity. The MZI structure with a hollow length of 40 µm is fabricated, and the microstructure is encapsulated with MF, demonstrating a highly sensitive magnetic field device. The experimental results show that the magnetic field sensitivity of the fabricated magnetic field device is

−

1.675

n
m

/

O
e

. For a spectrometer with a resolution of 1 pm, the minimal detectable magnetic field resolution of the sensor is up to 59.7 nT with good stability.
Multiband radio-over-fiber system for a 5G mobile fronthaul network
Authors: Li Mingfang , Wang Muguang , Han Mengyao , Wu Beilei , Ding Qi 
Published: August 2021

A multiband radio-over-fiber system for a fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication technology mobile fronthaul network is proposed, which can transmit radio frequency (RF) signals in four different frequency bands of 700 MHz, 1.8 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 26 GHz with different data rates simultaneously. The proposed system can satisfy the multiscenario demand of 5G and realize 4G/5G coexistence. A dual-polarization binary phase-shift keying modulator is utilized to alleviate the interference between multiple-frequency bands. The system is analyzed theoretically and verified through simulation. The variations of error vector magnitudes (EVMs) of four transmitted RF signals in function of the received optical power (ROP) are investigated. The simulation results show that the system has good performance after 10 km standard single-mode fiber (SMMF) transmission. When the ROP is above

−

3.3

d
B
m

, the EVM of the system conforms to the 3GPP specification. The power penalty of the system is within 1.9 dB at the 3GPP EVM performance specification after transmitting over a 10 km SSMF.
Single step zero-thermal-expansion temperature measurement of optical reference cavities
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Ye Yanxia , Chang Jialu , Zhang Jingxuan , Sun Yunlong , He Leilei , Wu Qiyue , Lu Zehuang , Zhang Jie 
Published: August 2021

State-of-the-art laser frequency stability has been pushed to the 10−17 level. The laser reference cavity is typically nested in a multi-layer thermal enclosure to increase vacuum thermal time constant and thermally controlled at the zero-thermal-expansion temperature to reduce the external temperature fluctuation effect. It is rather time consuming to accurately determine the zero-thermal-expansion temperature for a large thermal time constant system. Here we develop a fast method for measuring the zero-thermal-expansion temperature of the cavity by relying on just one single temperature scan. We first develop a theoretical model to predict the performance of the laser locked to the reference cavity, and then construct an evaluation system for verification of the model. The zero-thermal-expansion temperature of a 30-cm cavity is measured to be 4.3±0.5 °C. The fast and high precision method for determining the zero-thermal-expansion temperature will be valuable in improving long-term frequency stabilities of cavity stabilized lasers.
Patient prioritisation methods to shorten waiting times for elective surgery: A systematic review of how to improve access to surgery
Authors: Rathnayake Dimuthu , Clarke Mike , Jayasinghe Viraj 
Published: August 2021

Background
Concern about long waiting times for elective surgeries is not a recent phenomenon, but it has been heightened by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated measures. One way to alleviate the problem might be to use prioritisation methods for patients on the waiting list and a wide range of research is available on such methods. However, significant variations and inconsistencies have been reported in prioritisation protocols from various specialties, institutions, and health systems. To bridge the evidence gap in existing literature, this comprehensive systematic review will synthesise global evidence on policy strategies with a unique insight to patient prioritisation methods to reduce waiting times for elective surgeries. This will provide evidence that might help with the tremendous burden of surgical disease that is now apparent in many countries because of operations that were delayed or cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic and inform policy for sustainable healthcare management systems.

Methods
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, with our most recent searches in January 2020. Articles published after 2013 on major elective surgery lists of adult patients were eligible, but cancer and cancer-related surgeries were excluded. Both randomised and non-randomised studies were eligible and the quality of studies was assessed with ROBINS-I and CASP tools. We registered the review in PROSPERO (CRD42019158455) and reported it in accordance with the PRISMA statement.

Results
The electronic search in five bibliographic databases yielded 7543 records (PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane) and 17 eligible articles were identified in the screening. There were four quasi-experimental studies, 11 observational studies and two systematic reviews. These demonstrated moderate to low risk of bias in their research methods. Three studies tested generic approaches using common prioritisation systems for all elective surgeries in common. The other studies assessed specific prioritisation approaches for re-ordering the waiting list for a particular surgical specialty.

Conclusions
Explicit prioritisation tools with a standardised scoring system based on clear evidence-based criteria are likely to reduce waiting times and improve equitable access to health care. Multiple attributes need to be considered in defining a fair prioritisation system to overcome limitations with local variations and discriminations. Collating evidence from a diverse body of research provides a single framework to improve the quality and efficiency of elective surgical care provision in a variety of health settings. Universal prioritisation tools with vertical and horizontal equity would help with re-ordering patients on waiting lists for elective surgery and reduce waiting times.
Reasons and Nature of the Accession of Kazakhstan to the Russian Empire (Historiography of the Problem)
Authors: Alinov A.A. , Demin М.А. 
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of historical concepts developed by Soviet, Russian and Kazakhstan historians on one of the most debatable issues in the history of Russian-Kazakh relations, regarding the reasons and nature of Kazakhstan's accession to the Russian Empire. Soviet historians have done a lot to accumulate a factual base for studying Russian-Kazakh relations. However, following predetermined ideological theses narrowed the problems of research and obscured the complexity and inconsistency of the phenomena under consideration.
In the post-Soviet period, Russian historical science uses the latest methodological approaches to study the phenomenon of empire, requiring neutral assessments taking into account various aspects of imperial construction and imperial practice. Onedimensional damning characteristics began to give way to issues of historical experience of the Russian Empire, explaining how, in conditions of confessional diversity and multinational composition of the population, it managed to maintain stability for many centuries.
In the 1990s in Kazakh historiography, the concept of "voluntary entry" of Kazakhstan into Russia was radically revised with an emphasis on exposing the colonial essence of Russian transformations in the region. Over the past two decades, Kazakh historical science has been gradually moving away from unilateral radical assessments and political conjuncture, more balanced and justified characteristics of the accession of the Kazakh Steppe to the Russian state appear.
Enhanced Melanoma Classifier with VGG16-CNN
Authors: Adewunmi Mary 
Published: August 2021

Melanoma is the most severe kind of skin cancer that is becoming more common in the Western world. This is still thought to be caused primarily by exposure to the sun. Patients with malignant melanoma have a wide range of prognoses; however public awareness initiatives encouraging early detection have resulted in considerable reductions in mortality rates. This disease primarily affects Caucasian men and women and has a terrible prognosis once it has spread to other parts of the body. As a result, early detection of this malignancy is critical for patient treatment success.
In this paper, we present an experimental result of a Melanoma Image Classifier using the VGG16 model for preprocessing the images dataset. Thedataset comprises 4596 image samples with 2239 images for training, 2239 images formodel validationand 118 images for testing the model. The resultant images were trained with a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) Sequential model of a learning rate of 0.0001,adam optimizer with binary cross-entropy as loss and accuracy as a metric. The model yields an accuracy of 93%, thereby outperforming other Deep learning models. The approach is viable and effective, and it achieves the preliminary goal of classifying melanoma lesion images.
Development of comparative investigation method for timing chain wear analysis using oscillating tribometer
Authors: Paulovics László , Kuti Rajmund , Rohde-Brandenburger Jan , Tóth-Nagy Csaba 
Published: August 2021

This paper presents the development of a test procedure to investigate timing chain components under abrasive stress on a tribometer. Engine developers use cost and time expensive engine dynamometer tests to investigate timing chain life expectancy under different conditions. Tribometer tests are fast and cost effective, but these use standardized specimen material and geometry that greatly differ from the original tribological system of the timing chain. Manufacturing specimens from the original chain material using the original technology is complicated; surface quality and hardness properties cannot be guaranteed. The aim of research was to develop a test method for rapid and cost-effective comparison of engine lubricants, timing chain materials or coatings, as well as to assess the wear resistance of the chain to contaminants. Various uncontaminated and carbon black blended lubricants were compared using standard-based ball-on-disc tribometer tests to tribometer tests using actual timing chain components (bush-on-pin test) of a Diesel engine. Lubricants were ranked in terms of coefficient of friction and wear. Results showed that bush-on-pin tests were comparably suitable for testing lubricants when evaluated against standard ball-on-disc tribometer tests.
Integration of BIM in architecture and structural engineering education through common projects
Authors: Ajtayné Károlyfi Kitti , Szalai Dóra , Szép János , Horváth Tamás 
Published: August 2021

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is one of the most significant developments in architecture and civil engineering in recent years, therefore it becomes increasingly important to promote its integration into university education. Currently, several universities worldwide offer BIM courses in architecture and civil engineering programs, while many others are under the process of integrating BIM into their curricula. The goal of this research is the implementation of BIM into higher education (Széchenyi István University, Hungary) by integrating the architectural, structural, and mechanical engineering disciplines. An important advantage of the university is that the architecture and civil engineering programs belong to the same faculty, which allows students to work together on common projects. A new course was performed in the previous semester, in which the students are designing contemporary buildings as case studies. In this paper, the results of the integration process are presented and evaluated based on the trainers’ and students’ experiences.
The Effect of Different Precursor Concentration on The Synthesis of CaO Nanoparticles with Coprecipitation Methods for Palm Oil Transesterification Catalysis
Authors: Andarini Novita , Farida Ria Sherly , Haryati Tanti 
Published: August 2021

Calcium oxide nanoparticles was prepared by coprecipitation method using calcium acetate as precursor and calcined at 800 °C for 6 hours. This work studied the effect of different precursor concentrations on the size of calcium oxide obtained and its applicated for palm oil transesterification catalysis. Characteristics of samples were measured by XRD and SEM et al techniques. The results showed that the diffraction pattern of CaO has the same diffraction pattern as the XRD standard diffraction pattern from the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standard (JCPDS). Calcium oxide analysis using SEM shows the morphology of particles that agglomerate almost all variations in precursor concentration. The particle size increases with increasing precursor concentration. The smallest particle size of 55.758 nm was produced on solid CaO from the lowest precursor concentration of 0.05 M. The catalytic activity of activated calcium oxide nanoparticle compound was tested in the production of methyl esters. The conversion of triglycerides in palm oil into methyl esters was 90.34%.Keywords: nanoparticles, calcium oxide, coprecipitation, precursor, catalys, metyl ester
Anticonvulsive and anti-epileptogenesis effects of Echinacea purpurea root extract, an involvement of CB2 receptor
Authors: Gholami Masoumeh , Amri Jamal , Pazhoohan Saeed , Sadegh Mehdi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Phytocannabinoids beyond the Δ9-tetrahy-drocannabinol have shown anticonvulsive effects. Also, alkylamides from Echinacea purpurea have been proved as cannabinomimetics. We examined the effect of the hydroalcoholic root extract of E. purpurea on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced tonic–clonic seizures and kindling model of epileptogenesis and the involvement of CB2 receptors as the mediator of this effect.

Methods
Male Wistar rats (200 ± 20 g) were used. Single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of PTZ (80 mg/kg) was used to induce tonic–clonic seizures. The kindling model of epileptogenesis was induced by daily injections of PTZ (37 mg/kg; i.p. for 15 days). Latency and duration of the stages were monitored for analysis. The hydroalcoholic root extract of E. purpurea was injected (i.p.) 20 min before seizure induction at the doses of 10, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. CB2 receptor antagonist SR144528 was injected (0.1 mg/kg; i.p.) 20 min before the Echinacea injection.

Results
In the tonic–clonic model, pretreatment with E. purpurea at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly increased latencies to S2–S6, while it significantly decreased S6 duration and mortality rate. SR144528 injection before the injection of 100 mg/kg of E. purpurea significantly prevented the effects of the extract on S4–S6 latencies. In the kindling model, E. purpurea at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly delayed epileptogenesis and decreased mortality rate, while SR144528 injection before the injection of 100 mg/kg of E. purpurea significantly blocked this effect of the extract.

Conclusions
These findings revealed the anticonvulsive and antiepileptogenesis effects of the E. purpurea root extract, which can be mediated by CB2 receptors.
Construction of a family of non-stationary combined ternary subdivision schemes reproducing exponential polynomials
Authors: Zhang Zeze , Zheng Hongchan , Pan Lulu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a family of non-stationary combined ternary

(

2
m
+
3

)

\left(2m+3)

-point subdivision schemes, which possesses the property of generating/reproducing high-order exponential polynomials. This scheme is obtained by adding variable parameters on the generalized ternary subdivision scheme of order 4. For such a scheme, we investigate its support and exponential polynomial generation/reproduction and get that it can generate/reproduce certain exponential polynomials with suitable choices of the parameters and reach

2
m
+
3

2m+3

approximation order. Moreover, we discuss its smoothness and show that it can produce

C

2
m
+
2

{C}^{2m+2}

limit curves. Several numerical examples are given to show the performance of the schemes.
Effects of chemical modification and nanotechnology on wood properties
Authors: Bi Wenzhai , Li Haitao , Hui David , Gaff Milan , Lorenzo Rodolfo , Corbi Ileana , Corbi Ottavia , Ashraf Mahmud 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs a green material, wood is widely used in building decoration, railway construction, and other fields. However, the wood itself has inherent defects of being easy to absorb water and deform, rot, and decrease in strength. The physical and mechanical strengths and stability of artificial fast-growing forest wood are even worse. As wood modification can improve the dimensional stability, durability, strength, and other properties of wood, it has been widely used. Chemical modification is the main method of wood modification. The development of nanotechnology has brought more possibilities for wood modification. Owing to the extensive literature available, this article summarizes the representative achievements of wood chemical modification and nanotechnology. The principle, production process, advantages, and disadvantages of various wood chemical modification methods were analyzed, compared, and evaluated. Finally, according to the application status of wood-modified materials, the problems existing in the current wood chemical modification methods and the application of nanotechnology, and the development trend in the future are analyzed.
Smart stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for the cancer therapy – nanomedicine
Authors: Murugan Baranya , Sagadevan Suresh , Fatimah Is , Oh Won-Chun , Motalib Hossain Mohd Abd , Johan Mohd Rafie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nanomedicine is ongoing current research in the applications of nanotechnology for cancer therapy. Simply from a technology perspective, this field of research has an enormous broadening and success to date. Recently, nanomedicine has also made inroads in the treatment of cancer. Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles are an emerging field of research because its targeting capacity is of great interest in the treatment of cancer. The responsive nanoparticles are efficient in encountering different internal biological stimuli (acidic, pH, redox, and enzyme) and external stimuli (temperature, ultrasounds, magnetic field, and light), which are used as smart nanocarriers for delivery of the chemotherapeutic and imaging agents for cancer therapy. In-depth, the responsive nanocarrier that responds to the biological cues is of pronounced interest due to its capability to provide a controlled release profile at the tumor-specific site. The outlook of this review focuses on the stimuli-responsive nanocarrier drug delivery systems in sequence to address the biological challenges that need to be evaluated to overcome conventional cancer therapy.
Sonic Environments as Systems of Places: A Critical Reading of Husserl’s Thing and Space
Authors: Nitsche Martin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article offers a thorough and critical reading of Husserl’s Thing and Space. This reading is principally motivated by the effort to methodologically design a phenomenological–topological approach to the research of lived sonic environments. In this book, Husserl lays foundations of phenomenological topology by understanding perceptions as places and defining, consequently, the space as a system of places. The critical reading starts with pointing out the ambiguity of location in Thing and Space, which consists mainly in the insufficient implementation of the distinction between the location and the localization. Further investigations then reveal the roots of this ambiguity in both the preference of visual perception and the omission of subjective aspects of kinesthesia. The article critically examines Husserl’s notion of the appended localization that expresses the marginalization of (among others) acoustic experience. In conclusion, the article utilizes the critical findings to formulate the project of a place-based (phenomenological–topological), medium-centered, and multi-sensory approach to sonic environments.
Radiochemical separation and purification of non-carrier-added silicon-32
Authors: Veicht Mario , Mihalcea Ionut , Cvjetinovic Đorđe , Schumann Dorothea 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

32Si (T
1/2 = 153(19) y) is an extremely rare, naturally-occurring isotope that has been considered as a geochronometer suitable for radiometric dating over the time span from 100 to 1000 years ago – a time span that has proved rather difficult to explore in this manner. Past attempts to determine the 32Si half-life have resulted in a wide range of values possessing significant uncertainties because only low-activity samples could be made available for such measurements. Utilizing the 590 MeV ring cyclotron at PSI, megabecquerel quantities of 32Si have been produced by exposing metallic vanadium discs to high-energy protons in order to induce spallation. A radiochemical separation procedure has been successfully developed and applied to the irradiated discs as part of the SINCHRON project, based on a combination of ion-exchange and extraction resins. The process was shown to be reliable and robust with a high chemical yield. Radiochemically pure 32Si solutions with activity concentrations of up to several kBq/g can be produced to perform individual measurements (AMS, ICP-MS, LSC) for various studies. Thus, a careful redetermination of the 32Si half-life has become feasible to begin the first steps toward the confident implementation of this radionuclide for geochronological purposes.
Nutzung eines kommerziellen EMK-Systems als Bestandteil einer Kibble-Waage
Authors: Rogge Norbert , Fröhlich Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Eine Planck-Waage ist eine einfach bedienbare und vergleichsweise kostengünstige Umsetzung des Kalibrierprinzips einer Kibblewaage. Zu diesem Zweck besteht das Gesamtsystem möglichst aus kommerziell verfügbaren Komponenten wie z.B. einer Wägezelle nach dem Prinzp der elektromagnetischen Kraftkompenastion. Diese dient sowohl der Aufnahme des Masseprüflings im Wägemodus, als auch zur Führung im Bewegungsmodus. Da Abweichungen vom Idealverhalten bezüglich Kraft- und Momentenaufnahme sowie der Bewegungstrajektorie großen Einfluss auf das Messergebnis haben, müssen diese analysiert und im Messprozess berücksichtigt werden.
Analyse eines fehlerkompensierten Lasertriangulationssystems
Authors: Kienle Patrick , Fest Nicholas E. , Larasati Agnia D. , Wang Kun , Köhler Michael H. , Jakobi Martin , Koch Alexander W. 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Lasertriangulation ist eine wichtige und häufig eingesetzte Messmethode in der absoluten Abstandsmessung. Dabei ist eines der Hauptprobleme, dass diese sehr anfällig gegenüber Verschiebungen des optomechanischen Aufbaus ist. So können bereits geringe Temperaturänderungen zu signifikanten Messabweichungen führen. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Kompensationsaufbau analysiert, mit dem wesentliche Fehlerquellen der Lasertriangulation eliminiert werden können. Durch thermische Simulationen wird gezeigt, dass sich durch die Kompensation bei Temperaturänderungen unter realen Bedingungen eine wesentliche Verbesserung der Messergebnisse erreichen lässt. Durch die Erweiterung der Kompensation um eine Berücksichtigung der Verschiebung der Kompensationsoptik kann die Messabweichung zusätzlich reduziert werden.