bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Percutaneous Screw Fixation and Closed Reduction for Tibial Plateau Fractures in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Akhund Muhammad Azeem , Latif Muhammad , Moton Rahat Zahoor , Khan Zohaib , Nawaz Zohaib , Rasheed Nusrat 
Published: April 2021

Objective: Objective of this study is to assess the application of percutaneous screw fixation and closed reduction for tibial plateau fractures in Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: The study design of this study is case series with sample size of 58 patients calculated by WHO calculator with functional outcome of 80-100%. The duration of the study was about 6 months.Non-probability sequential technique was adopted for data collection.
Results: The average patient age was 35.35±6.84 years however male patient were high in numbers (83.8%). Types of fractures (type I, II and IV) and functional outcomes (un-satisfactory and satisfactory) showed 17(29.3%), 33(56.8%) and 12(20.6%) and 4(6.45%) and 58(93.5%). The mean Rasmussen Score was 24.6(4.9%) however significant relationship between age and functional group were observed (p<0.05). The Rasmussen Functional Scoring System and Schatzker classification were also evaluated w.r.t ache, capability of walking normally, extension lag, stability as well as range of motion. Scores ranging from 28 up till 36 stipulate excellent, from 20 to 27 good, considering score of 10 to 20 fair and 6 to 10 poor.
Conclusion: The application of Percutaneous screw fixation and closed reduction for tibial plateau fractures in Karachi, Pakistanis less invasive, decrease hospital stays and charges, escalation of early mobilization along with satisfactory outcomes.
Experimental Study of a Stationary Hot Air Solar Collector Built with Hemispherical Concentrators and Enhanced with Fresnel Lenses
Authors: Ky Thierry S. M. , Ouedraogo Salifou , Ousmane Moctar , Dianda Boureima , Ouedraogo Emmanuel , Bathiebo Dieudonné J. 
Published: April 2021

Aims: This paper is about a solar collector made of hemispherical concentrators. This collector is sun tracking free, and used for natural convection. Lenses are used on top of each concentrator to improve its efficiency.
Study Design: The Solar collector is made of hemispherical concentrators with Fresnel lenses axially-centered to those concentrators and placed on top of each one of them. Those concentrators are covered with a 4 mm glass for a greenhouse effect. The concentrators generate hot spots that heat the inside air. There is no need for receivers at the hot spots.
Methodology: from Inlet to outlet, temperatures are measured as well as inlet air speed, which allow the efficiency evaluation.
Results: Although those measurements were conducted in a cloudy period, temperature difference from the inlet to the outlet was around 55°C to 65°C. This result is superior to previous studies of the same system without lenses which gave temperature difference around 35°C to 45°C. It is sharply superior to that of usual black-painted convective system with fined plates that gives a temperature difference of around 20°C to 25°C.
Conclusion and Perspectives: The global efficiency calculated using measurement values reaches 56%. This is far greater compared to previous black plate systems’ efficiency of 29%, giving an efficiency increase of 93%, but expected knowing that we are using a concentration system for convection.
Enterovibrio
Authors: Pujalte María J. , Lucena Teresa , Macián Maria Carmen , Arahal David R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

En.te.ro.vi'bri.o. Gr. neut. n.
enteron
intestine; L. masc. n.
vibrio
that which vibrates; N.L. masc. n.
Enterovibrio
enteric vibrio.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Vibrionales / Vibrionaceae / Enterovibrio

The genus
Enterovibrio
is classified within the family
Vibrionaceae
and contains five species that have validly published names:
Enterovibrio norvegicus
,
Enterovibrio coralii
,
Enterovibrio nigricans
,
Enterovibrio calviensis
– basonym
Vibrio calviensis
– and
Enterovibrio pacificus
. A sixth species, whose name has not yet been validated, is “
Enterovibrio baiacu
.” Two
Candidatus
species have been affiliated to the genus, the luminescent symbionts “
Candidatus
E. luxaltus” and “
Candidatus
E. escacola”, whose names have been corrected to “
Candidatus
E. altilux” and “
Candidatus
E. escicola”, respectively.

Cells are Gram‐negative rods or coccobacilli, motile by one polar flagellum, oxidase test is positive. All species but
E. pacificus
are catalase positive. Chemoheterotrophic, utilize
N
‐acetyl
d
‐glucosamine and
d
‐glucose as sole carbon sources. Mesophilic, able to grow optimally between 20 and 30°C, none of the species grows at 42°C. Strictly halophilic, unable to grow without NaCl; they grow at 2–6% NaCl. Facultatively anaerobic, fermenting
d
‐glucose without gas production. Nitrate reduction to nitrite, arginine dihydrolase, and indole production from tryptophan are variable among species. Voges–Proskauer and lysine and ornithine decarboxylases are negative. Some species do not grow on TCBS agar or grow slowly, producing green (sucrose negative) colonies. Major fatty acids are C
16:1
ω7
c
and/or iso C
15:0
2‐OH, C
16:0
, and C
18:1
ω7
c
. Major respiratory quinone is quinone‐8 (Q‐8). Member of the class
Gammaproteobacteria
, order
Vibrionales. Enterovibrio
species have been isolated from marine environments and are particularly frequent on the gut of marine fish. The type species was originally isolated from intestinal content of healthy turbot larvae in Norway.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 45.5–50.8 (genome).

Type species
:
Enterovibrio norvegicus
Thompson et al. 2002
VP
.
Battling to a draw: Defense expert rebuttal can neutralize prosecution fingerprint evidence
Authors: Mitchell Gregory , Garrett Brandon L. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe present study examined whether a defense rebuttal expert can effectively educate jurors on the risk that the prosecution's fingerprint expert made an error. Using a sample of 1716 jury‐eligible adults, we examined the impact of three types of rebuttal testimony in a mock trial: (a) a methodological rebuttal explaining the general risk of error in the fingerprint‐comparison process; (b) a new‐evidence rebuttal concluding the latent fingerprint recovered in this case was not suitable for use in a comparison; and (c) a new‐evidence rebuttal excluding the defendant as the source of the latent fingerprint. All three rebuttals significantly altered perceptions of the prosecution's fingerprint evidence, but new‐evidence rebuttals proved most effective. The effectiveness of the rebuttals depended, however, on whether jurors were more concerned about false acquittals or false convictions.
Adaptive finite‐time consensus tracking control for nonlinear multiagent systems in nonstrict feedback form with full‐state constraints
Authors: Liu Dan , Zhao Lin 
Published: April 2021

SummaryIn this article, the fuzzy adaptive finite‐time consensus tracking control problem for nonstrict feedback nonlinear multiagent systems with full‐state constraints is studied. The finite‐time control based on command filtered backstepping is proposed to guarantee the finite‐time convergence and eliminate the explosion of complexity problem caused by backstepping process, and the errors in the filtering process are compensated by using error compensation mechanism. Furthermore, based on the fuzzy logic systems, the uncertain nonlinear dynamics are approximated and the problem of state variables in nonstrict feedback form is solved by using the property of basis functions. The barrier Lyapunov functions are introduced to guarantee that all system states and compensated tracking error signals are constrained in the designed regions. A simulation example is given to verify the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Remodelling: Home as Cosmos
Authors: Randl Chad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHouse refurbishment, renovation or simply rearranging the pictures on your walls or ornaments on your shelves is worldbuilding. Chad Randl, Art DeMuro Assistant Professor in the Historic Preservation programme at the University of Oregon, takes us on a psychological trek via our domestic environments to reveal that we worldmodel consistently and perennially at home.
Enhancing the Hydrogen Evolution Properties of Kesterite Absorber by Si‐Doping in the Surface of CZTS Thin Film
Authors: Vishwakarma Manoj , Kumar Mukesh , Hendrickx Mylène , Hadermann Joke , Singh Aadesh P. , Batra Yogita , Mehta B. R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, the effects of Si‐doping in Cu2ZnSnS4 are examined computationally and experimentally. The density functional theory calculations show that an increasing concentration of Si (from x = 0 to x = 1) yields a band gap rise due to shifting of the conduction band minimum towards higher energy states in the Cu2Zn(Sn1−xSix)S4. CZTSiS thin film prepared by co‐sputtering process shows Cu2Zn(Sn1−xSix)S4 (Si‐rich) and Cu2ZnSnS4 (S‐rich) kesterite phases on the surface and in the bulk of the sample, respectively. A significant change in surface electronic properties is observed in CZTSiS thin film. Si‐doping in CZTS inverts the band bending at grain‐boundaries from downward to upward and the Fermi level of CZTSiS shifts upward. Further, the coating of the CdS and ZnO layer improves the photocurrent to ≈5.57 mA cm−2 at −0.41 VRHE in the CZTSiS/CdS/ZnO sample, which is 2.39 times higher than that of pure CZTS. The flat band potential increases from CZTS ≈0.43 VRHE to CZTSiS/CdS/ZnO ≈1.31 VRHE indicating the faster carrier separation process at the electrode–electrolyte interface in the latter sample. CdS/ZnO layers over CZTSiS significantly reduce the charge transfer resistance at the semiconductor–electrolyte interface.
Facile Fabrication of a Mechanical, Chemical, Thermal, and Long‐Term Outdoor Durable Fluorine‐Free Superhydrophobic Coating
Authors: Tan Xinyu , Wang Yunkuan , Huang Zhengtao , Sabin Sydney , Xiao Ting , Jiang Lihua , Chen Xiaobo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite their great self‐cleaning, anti‐dust, and anti‐icing properties superhydrophobic coatings show great promise in various practical applications in solar cells, car windows, powerlines, etc., superhydrophobic coatings encounter a large resistance in large‐scale practical applications due to their unsatisfactory long‐term mechanical, chemical, thermal, and weathering durability. This study demonstrates a cost‐effective, large‐scale applicable, mechanical, chemical, thermal, and long‐term weathering durable fluorine‐free superhydrophobic coating. This coating can be prepared with a simple spin‐coating or doctor‐blade painting or spray‐brush method, using SiO2 nanoparticles coated with methyl MQ silicone resin (Me‐MQ), and y‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH‐570). This coating displays remarkable super‐hydrophobic performance with a large water contact angle of 168.8°, and a small sliding angle less than 1.0°, which survives tape peeling, sand impact, sandpaper abrasion, etching in acidic and alkaline environments, baking at high temperature up to 550 °C, and long‐term exposure to outdoor natural environment (under 16 months’ natural sunlight irradiation, UV irradiation, rain falls, high PM2.5, dust accumulation, etc.). The materials used are non‐fluorine, non‐toxic, environmentally friendly, and can be effectively applied to large glass surfaces using cost‐effective doctor‐blade painting and spray‐brush methods towards large‐scale applications. Therefore, this work can inspire and advance researches on superhydrophobic coatings towards practical applications.
Ultrafast Zinc–Ion–Conductor Interface toward High‐Rate and Stable Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Yan Huibo , Li Songmei , Nan Yang , Yang Shubin , Li Bin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe corrosion, passivation, and dendritic growth of Zn anodes and the dissolution of cathodes hinder rechargeable aqueous zinc ion battery (AZIB) rejuvenation. In this work, a versatile Zn‐based montmorillonite (MMT) interlayer is constructed to achieve a stable rechargeable AZIB. The Zn‐based MMT coating Zn foil (MMT‐Zn) is designed to enable a high transference number for Zn2+ (t+ ≈ 0.82) and a freeway for Zn2+ migration to alleviate corrosion and passivation and suppress Zn dendrites. The results show the MMT‐Zn symmetrical batteries render dendrite‐free plating/stripping with an ultra‐stable and small overpotential (50 mV) and a long‐life span (1000 cycles) at 1 mA cm−2/0.25 mAh cm−2 and with 100 mV overpotential at ultrahigh current and capacity of 10 mA cm−2/45 mAh cm−2 (over 1000 h, 77% depth of discharge). The MMT interlayer is applied to the MnO2 cathode to inhibit the discharge product dissolving and diffusing into the electrolyte, so that the stability of the capacity is maintained. Thus, MMT‐Zn||MMT‐MnO2 delivers an ultra‐long cycle life and ultra‐high capacity (1100 cycles with 191.5 mAh g−1 at 2 C). Hopefully, Zn‐based MMT interlayer can be considered to improve the electrochemical performance of the metal anodes and soluble cathodes.
Nucleophilic Addition to Diradicals Derived From Cycloaromatization of Maleimide‐Based Enediynes
Authors: Zhang Mengsi , Ma Hailong , Li Baojun , Sun Ke , Lu Haotian , Wang Wenbo , Cheng Xiaoyu , Li Xiaoxuan , Ding Yun , Hu Aiguo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDiradical chemistry, typified by the cycloaromatization of enediynes or enyne‐allenes, have been extensively explored due to the involved intriguing biological activity and unique mechanistic actions. Because of the essential Myers‐Saito cycloaromatization involved in the maleimide‐assisted rearrangement and cycloaromatization (MARACA) mechanism disclosed in our recent work, the important object of diradical/zwitterion dichotomy and the reactivity of thermally induced σ,π‐diradicals were investigated in this work through the combination of experimental and computational studies. Deuterium incorporation experiments demonstrated that the polar product was afforded from the MARACA strategy, in which the diradical and zwitterion reactivities from the cycloaromatization step could both lead to the closed‐shell product via the subsequent nucleophilic addition reaction and protonation. Using the density functional theory calculations, the unusual reactivity of the heterosymmetric diradicals to closed‐shell zwitterions was examined, and the addition of carbonyl moiety to α,3‐dehydrotoluene was allowed to occur via a nonplanar cyclic allene transition structure with a small barrier of 9.1 kcal/mol. The observed nonplanar geometry is essential for the necessarily symmetry‐breaking action, resulted in the continuous transformation from open‐shell diradical to closed‐shell zwitterion species during the addition process.
Low‐Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Time Domain Characterization of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid–Rich Linseed and Fish Oil Emulsions during Thermal Air Oxidation
Authors: Resende Maysa T. , Linder Charles , Wiesman Zeev 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLinseed contains high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as α‐linolenic acid (> 50% ALA‐18:3), that are naturally protected against thermal oxidation by their encapsulation within linseed oil bodies (OB) by multiple components including antioxidant proteins and mucilage emulsifying agents. Linseed OB emulsions (LSE) can be produced by grinding linseed seeds, adding water, adjusting pH, and sonication. This is a process that can encapsulate externally added PUFA to minimize their thermal oxidation, as it does for the intrinsic ALA PUFA. Fish oil (FO) encapsulation into this LSE platform to form linseed fish oil emulsions (LSFE) offers the possibility of a nutritive delivery system of the biologically essential FO PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. In this study, 1H low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) is used to characterize LSE's and LSFE's chemical and structural properties as well as their stability and changes under thermal oxidation (55 °C for 96 hours). 1H LF‐NMR data processing was developed to generate one‐dimensional (1D) T1 (spin–lattice), 1D T2 (spin–spin), and 2D (T1 vs. T2) relaxation time spectra that can characterize OB emulsions and monitor their time domain fingerprints (spectrum peaks) of chemical and structural changes during the oxidation process. The 1H LF‐NMR analysis were further supported and correlated with conventional peroxide value test, self‐diffusion, droplet size distribution, zeta potential estimation of surface stability, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of fatty acid profile changes under thermal oxidation conditions. The 1D and 2D LF‐NMR relaxation spectra showed that the LSE and LSFE did not suffer intense oxidation process, due to PUFA assembly in OB oxidative protection. These results were further confirmed by the supportive analytical methodologies. The results of this study demonstrate the efficacy of 1H LF‐NMR methodology to monitor PUFA's rich oil and emulsion thermal oxidation.
The composite hydrogel with “2D flexible crosslinking point” of reduced graphene oxide for strain sensor
Authors: Xiang Xu , Li Huilan , Zhu Ying , Xia Shuang , He Qing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntelligent hydrogels with excellent flexibility, biocompatibility, and stimulus responsivity can mimic the functions of the skin to detect human motions. However, the low mechanical strength limits its application in the field of biomimetic materials. In this work, polyacrylamide‐reduced graphene oxide (PAM‐rGO) composite hydrogels were prepared by the combination of PAM and partially rGO, and their biomimetic strain sensors were studied. The rGO played the role of “2D flexible crosslinking point” in the composite hydrogel. Through the H‐bonds between rGO and hydrogels, the toughness and strength of the composite hydrogel were enhanced. The maximum strain of the hydrogel changed from 751% to 1097%, and the maximum stress changed from 0.065 to 0.20 MPa. On the other hand, the interaction between the PAM backbone and the rGO provided a credible resistance response to the stimulation of strain. The better linear relationship between resistance and length was built, with R2 of 0.992. Furthermore, the composite hydrogels were assembled into wearable devices to monitor human‐motion, including fingers bending, elbows bending and walking. The experimental results showed that the PAM‐rGO composite hydrogel had great potential in the field of bionic skin.
Messdatenbasierte Belastungsanalyse von Autobahn‐Betonfahrbahndecken aus Fertigteilen
Authors: Prammer Dominik , Vorwagner Alois , Kwapisz Maciej 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn Österreich sind ca. 40 % bzw. in Deutschland ca. 30 % des Autobahn‐ und Schnellstraßennetzes mit Betonfahrbahndecken ausgestattet. Über die tatsächlich in Betonfahrbahndecken wirkenden Spannungszustände und Temperaturbelastungen ist allerdings sehr wenig bekannt. Vor allem deshalb, da die messtechnische Erfassung in realer Einbauumgebung mit vielen Schwierigkeiten verbunden ist, gibt es nur wenige In‐situ‐Daten. Im Zuge eines Forschungsprojekts wurden erstmalig Fertigteile zur Reparatur von Betonfahrbahnen in einer Autobahn in Österreich eingesetzt und diese zusätzlich umfassend mit einbetonierten faseroptischen Sensoren ausgestattet. In einer vertieften Analyse der Messdaten eines Zeitraums von zwei Jahren werden Temperaturänderungen, ‐extrema wie auch ‐gradienten im Zusammenhang mit äußeren Wetterbedingungen ausgewertet. Im Hinblick auf Bildung von Rissen und Zwängen in der Platte werden einerseits gemessene Dehnungen ohne Verkehrslast analysiert, andererseits wird eine statistische Analyse der gemessenen einwirkenden Verkehrslastwechsel durchgeführt. Im zweiten Abschnitt folgt auf Basis eines kalibrierten nichtlinearen FE‐Modells eine kombinierte Analyse des instationären Spannungsverlaufs der Platte unter dynamischer Verkehrsbelastung bei variierender temperaturmechanischer Belastung. Nach dem Abgleich mit Messdaten können die in der Platte wirkenden dynamischen Spannungsmaxima ermittelt werden.
Purification of the key enzyme complexes of the anammox pathway from DEMON sludge
Authors: Akram Mohd , Dietl Andreas , Müller Melanie , Barends Thomas R. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAnaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (“anammox”) is a bacterial process in which nitrite and ammonium are converted into nitrogen gas and water, yielding energy for the cell. Anammox is an important branch of the global biological nitrogen cycle, being responsible for up to 50% of the yearly nitrogen removal from the oceans. Strikingly, the anammox process uniquely relies on the extremely reactive and toxic compound hydrazine as a free intermediate. Given its global importance and biochemical novelty, there is considerable interest in the enzymes at the heart of the anammox pathway. Unfortunately, obtaining these enzymes in sufficiently large amounts for biochemical and structural studies is problematic, given the slow growth of pure cultures of anammox bacteria when high cell densities are required. However, the anammox process is being applied in wastewater treatment to remove nitrogenous waste in processes like DEamMONification (DEMON). In plants using such processes, which rely on a combination of aerobic ammonia‐oxidizers and anammox organisms, kilogram amounts of anammox bacteria‐containing sludge are readily available. Here, we report a protein isolation protocol starting from anammox cells present in DEMON sludge from a wastewater treatment plan that readily yields pure preparations of key anammox proteins in the tens of milligrams, including hydrazine synthase HZS and hydrazine dehydrogenase (HDH), as well as hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO). HDH and HAO were active and of sufficient quality for biochemical studies and for HAO, the crystal structure could be determined. The method presented here provides a viable way to obtain materials for the study of proteins not only from the central anammox metabolism but also for the study of other exciting aspects of anammox bacteria, such as for example, their unusual ladderane lipids.
Application of low‐dose CT to the creation of 3D‐printed kidney and perinephric tissue models for laparoscopic nephrectomy
Authors: Li Guan , Dong Jie , Cao Zhiqiang , Wang Jinbao , Cao Dongbing , Zhang Xin , Zhang Longjiang , Lu Guangming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of 3D printing of kidney and perinephric fat based on low‐dose CT technology.Patients and MethodsA total of 184 patients with stage T1 complex renal tumors who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy were prospectively enrolled and divided into three groups: group A (conventional dose kidney and perinephric fat 3D printing group, n = 62), group B (low‐dose kidney and perinephric fat 3D printing, n = 64), and group C (conventional dose merely kidney 3D printing group, n = 58). The effective dose (ED), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) were determined. The 3D printing quality was evaluated using a 4‐point scale, and interobserver agreement was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe ED of group B was lower than that of group A, with a decrease of 55.1%. The subjective scores of 3D printing quality in all groups were 3 or 4 points. The interobserver agreement among the three observers in 3D printing quality was good (ICC = 0.84–0.92). The perioperative indexes showed that operation time (OT), warm ischemia time (WIT), estimated blood loss (EBL), and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) conversion to laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) in groups A or B were significantly less than those in group C. LPN was more frequent in group A and group B than in group C (all p < 0.017). There were no significant differences in perioperative indexes between group A and group B (all p > 0.017).ConclusionLow‐dose CT technology can be effectively applied to 3D printing of kidney and perinephric fat and reduce the patient's radiation dose without compromising 3D printing quality. 3D printing of kidney and perinephric fat can significantly increase the success rate of LPN and decrease OT, WIT, and EBL.