bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of longitudinal strain in dilated cardiomyopathy with recovered ejection fraction
Authors: Merlo Marco , Masè Marco , Perry Andrew , La Franca Eluisa , Deych Elena , Ajello Laura , Bellavia Diego , Boscutti Andrea , Gobbo Marco , Romano Giuseppe , Stolfo Davide , Gorcsan John , Clemenza Francesco , Sinagra Gianfranco , Adamo Luigi 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivePatients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NICM) may experience a normalisation in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Although this correlates with improved prognosis, it does not correspond to a normalisation in the risk of death during follow-up. Currently, there are no tools to risk stratify this population. We tested the hypothesis that absolute global longitudinal strain (aGLS) is associated with mortality in patients with NICM and recovered ejection fraction (LVEF).MethodsWe designed a retrospective, international, longitudinal cohort study enrolling patients with NICM with LVEF <40% improved to the normal range (>50%). We studied the relationship between aGLS measured at the time of the first recording of a normalised LVEF and all-cause mortality during follow-up. We considered aGLS >18% as normal and aGLS ≥16% as of potential prognostic value.Results206 patients met inclusion criteria. Median age was 53.5 years (IQR 44.3–62.8) and 56.6% were males. LVEF at diagnosis was 32.0% (IQR 24.0–38.8). LVEF at the time of recovery was 55.0% (IQR 51.7–60.0). aGLS at the time of LVEF recovery was 13.6%±3.9%. 166 (80%) and 141 (68%) patients had aGLS ≤18% and <16%, respectively. During a follow-up of 5.5±2.8 years, 35 patients (17%) died. aGLS at the time of first recording of a recovered LVEF correlated with mortality during follow-up (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.99, p=0.048 in adjusted Cox model). No deaths were observed in patients with normal aGLS (>18%). In unadjusted Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, aGLS <16% was associated with higher mortality during follow-up (31 deaths (22%) in patients with GLS <16% vs 4 deaths (6.2%) in patients with GLS ≥16%, HR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 9, p=0.03).ConclusionsIn patients with NICM and normalised LVEF, an impaired aGLS at the time of LVEF recovery is frequent and associated with worse outcomes.
The active fragments of ghrelin cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the brain to produce antinociceptive effects after systemic administration
Authors: Fan Bao-wei , Liu Yong-ling , Zhu Gui-xian , Wu Bing , Zhang Min-min , Deng Qing , Wang Jing-lei , Chen Jia-xiang , Han Ren-wen , Wei Jie 
Published: September 2021

G (1-5)-NH2, G (1-7)-NH2, and G (1-9) are the active fragments of ghrelin. The aim of this study was to investigate the antinociceptive effects, their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier, and the receptor mechanism(s) of these fragments using the tail withdrawal test in male Kunming mice. The antinociceptive effects of these fragments (2, 6, 20, and 60 nmol/mouse) were tested at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after intravenous (i.v.) injection. These fragments induced dose- and time-related antinociceptive effects relative to saline. Using the near infrared fluorescence imaging experiments, our results showed that these fragments could cross the brain–blood barrier and enter the brain. The antinociceptive effects of these fragments were completely antagonized by naloxone (intracerebroventricular, i.c.v.); however, naloxone methiodide (intraperitoneal, i.p.), which is the peripheral restricted opioid receptor antagonist, did not antagonize these antinociceptive effects. Furthermore, the GHS-R1α antagonist [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (i.c.v.) completely antagonized these antinociceptive effects, too. These results suggested that these fragments induced antinociceptive effects through central opioid receptors and GHS-R1α. In conclusion, our studies indicated that these active fragments of ghrelin could cross the brain–blood barrier and enter the brain and induce antinociceptive effects through central opioid receptors and GHS-R1α after intravenous injection.
Paper, Plaster, Strings: Exploratory Material Mathematical Models between the 1860s and 1930s
Authors: Friedman Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDoes the materiality of a three-dimensional model have an effect on how this model operates in an exploratory way, how it prompts discovery of new mathematical results? Material mathematical models were produced and used during the second half of the nineteenth century, visualizing mathematical objects, such as curves and surfaces—and these were produced from a variety of materials: paper, cardboard, plaster, strings, wood. However, the question, whether their materiality influenced the status of these models—considered as exploratory, technical, or representational—was hardly touched upon. This article aims to approach this question by investigating two case studies: Beltrami’s paper models vs. Dyck’s plaster ones of the hyperbolic plane; and Chisini’s string models of braids vs. Artin’s and Moishezon’s algebraization of these braids. These two case studies indicate that materiality might have a decisive role in how the model was taken into account mathematically: either as an exploratory or rather as a technical or pedagogical object.
On the Exploratory Function of Agent-Based Modeling
Authors: Kuhlmann Meinard 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Agent-based models (ABM) derive the behavior of artificial socio-economic entities computationally from the actions of a large number of agents. One objection is that highly idealized ABMs fail to represent the real world in any reasonable sense. Another objection is that they at best show how observed patterns may have come about, because simulations are easy to produce and there is no evidence that this is really what happens. Moreover, different models may well yield the same result. I will rebut these objections by focusing on an often neglected, but crucial function of ABMs. Building on Gelfert’s (2016) account of the exploratory uses of scientific models I show that, in the absence of an accepted underlying theory, successful ABMs lend inductive support to assumptions concerning certain structural feutures of the behavioral rules employed. One core step towards this goal is what I call multiple-model robustness analysis.
“The Presence of Improper Females” Reforming Theater in Boston and Providence, 1820s–1840s
Authors: Lampert Sara E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article examples the class and gender politics of theater reform in Boston, MA and Providence, RI of the 1820s-1840s focused on the third tier and sex work or prostitution in theaters. Both regulatory campaigns and Christian or moral reform mobilized constructions of the prostitute as predator while encouraging new policing of working women.
A new species of Paralaophonte Lang 1948 (Harpacticoida: Laophontidae), with notes on the phylogeny of the genus and its relationships with Loureirophonte Jakobi 1953 using Bayesian inference
Authors: GÓMEZ SAMUEL , NAZARI FATEMEH 
Published: September 2021

Early studies during the 1990’s supported a close relationship between the genera Paralaophonte and Loureirophonte. Subsequent studies carried out during the first decade of the 2000’s suggested the monophyly of the latter and that it could be nested within Paralaophonte, rendering the latter paraphyletic. However, efforts to synonymize these two genera were hampered by the lack of phylogenetic analyses at the species level. Here we describe a new species of Paralaophonte from north-western Mexico, P. ullama sp. nov., and we formally synonymize Loureirophonte with Paralaophonte for which we propose two monophyletic subgenera, Pa. (Paralaophonte) and Pa. (Loureirophonte).
The detection of the species most closely related to P. ullama sp. nov. is controversial. Our Bayesian analysis indicates that the new species might be related to Pa. (Pa.) gurneyi, and to Pa. (Pa.) ormieresi and Pa. (Pa.) septemarticulata, with which they form a larger clade supported by a very low Bayesian Posterior Probability value. However, the precise nature of the relationship between the new species and Pa. (Pa.) gurneyi is hampered by the gap in our knowledge of the armature formulae of the swimming legs of the latter, and by the lack of the male of the new species. On the other hand, the new species share several characters with Pa. (Pa.) problematica, Pa. (Pa.) pacificavicinum, Pa. (Pa.) pacificaemulator, and Pa. (Pa.) pacifica, with which it might be related. Our Bayesian analysis of forty-two morphological characters at the species level confirmed earlier suspicions about the relationships between Paralaophonte and Loureirophonte, the latter being nested within the former, and showed the monophyly of the Paralaophonte-Loureirophonte clade with high Bayesian Posterior Probability value, thus confirming the synonymy of these genera. The Paralaophonte-Loureirophonte clade is defined by the synapomorphic dimorphism in the second endopodal segment of the second swimming leg of the male. We did not detect any (aut)apomorphy for Pa. (Paralaophonte). Paralaophonte (Loureirophonte) is defined by the presence of one seta only on the second endopodal segment of the second swimming leg, and the one-segmented endopod of the fourth swimming leg.
Symmetric Instability in Cross-Equatorial Western Boundary Currents
Authors: Goldsworth Fraser W. , Marshall David P. , Johnson Helen L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe upper limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation draws waters with negative potential vorticity from the Southern Hemisphere into the Northern Hemisphere. The North Brazil Current is one of the cross-equatorial pathways in which this occurs: upon crossing the equator, fluid parcels must modify their potential vorticity to render them stable to symmetric instability and to merge smoothly with the ocean interior. In this work a linear stability analysis is performed on an idealized western boundary current, dynamically similar to the North Brazil Current, to identify features that are indicative of symmetric instability. Simple two-dimensional numerical models are used to verify the results of the stability analysis. The two-dimensional models and linear stability theory show that symmetric instability in meridional flows does not change when the nontraditional component of the Coriolis force is included, unlike in zonal flows. Idealized three-dimensional numerical models show anticyclonic barotropic eddies being spun off as the western boundary current crosses the equator. These eddies become symmetrically unstable a few degrees north of the equator, and their PV is set to zero through the action of the instability. The instability is found to have a clear fingerprint in the spatial Fourier transform of the vertical kinetic energy. An analysis of the water mass formation rates suggest that symmetric instability has a minimal effect on water mass transformation in the model calculations; however, this may be the result of unresolved dynamics, such as secondary Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities, which are important in diabatic transformation.
Unified ensemble mean forecasting of tropical cyclones based on the feature-oriented mean method
Authors: Zhang Jing , Feng Jie , Li Hong , Zhu Yuejian , Zhi Xiefei , Zhang Feng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOperational and research applications generally use the consensus approach for forecasting the track and intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) due to the spatial displacement of the TC location and structure in ensemble member forecasts. This approach simply averages the location and intensity information for TCs in individual ensemble members, which is distinct from the traditional pointwise arithmetic mean (AM) method for ensemble forecast fields. The consensus approach, despite having improved skills relative to the AM in predicting the TC intensity, cannot provide forecasts of the TC spatial structure. We introduced a unified TC ensemble mean forecast based on the feature-oriented mean (FM) method to overcome the inconsistency between the AM and consensus forecasts. FM spatially aligns the TC-related features in each ensemble field to their geographical mean positions before the amplitude of their features is averaged.We select 219 TC forecast samples during the summer of 2017 for an overall evaluation of the FM performance. The results show that the TC track consensus forecasts can differ from AM track forecasts by hundreds of kilometers at long lead times. AM also gives a systematic and statistically significant underestimation of the TC intensity compared with the consensus forecast. By contrast, FM has a very similar TC track and intensity forecast skill to the consensus approach. FM can also provide the corresponding ensemble mean forecasts of the TC spatial structure that are significantly more accurate than AM for the low- and upper-level circulation in TCs. The FM method has the potential to serve as a valuable unified ensemble mean approach for the TC prediction.
Health Disparities in Otology: A PRISMA‐Based Systematic Review
Authors: Lovett Braeden , Welschmeyer Alexandra , Johns James Dixon , Mowry Sarah , Hoa Michael 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveSocial determinants of health (SDOHs), including but not limited to sex, race, socioeconomic status, insurance status, and education level, play a significant role in health disparities and affect health outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine health disparities in otology within the United States and highlight areas warranting further research.Data SourcesPubMed, Ovid MEDLINE.Review MethodsOur search encompassed all years through January 10, 2021. All peer‐reviewed primary literature of any design and publication date regarding health disparities and otology outcomes in the United States was eligible for inclusion. Eligibility assessment was performed via 3 independent investigators.ResultsOf the 6326 unique abstracts identified, 188 studies underwent full‐text review, and 52 remained in the final review. The most frequently examined otologic condition was hearing loss (36.5%), followed by cochlear implantation (28.8%) and infection/effusion (15.4%). Vertigo/dizziness (1.9%), Ménière’s disease (1.9%), and tinnitus (1.9%) were the least represented otologic conditions. Comprehensive articles on multiple disparity topics were the most common (n = 18), followed by articles on race/ethnicity (n = 11) and socioeconomic status (n = 9). Language (n = 2), education (n = 2), and gender (n = 1) were the least discussed. Over 5‐fold the number of articles were published between 2011 and 2020 compared to the preceding decade (42 vs 8).ConclusionThis study captures the existing literature regarding health disparities and outcomes in otology. The lack of robust data suggests the need for future quality studies aimed at investigating disparities in otologic care, as well as a broader push for recording and reporting SDOHs.
Comparison of Impella 5.0 and extracorporeal left ventricular assist device in patients with cardiogenic shock
Authors: Kondo Toru , Morimoto Ryota , Mutsuga Masato , Fujimoto Kazuro , Okumura Takahiro , Shibata Naoki , Kazama Shingo , Kimira Yuki , Oishi Hideo , Kuwayama Tasuku , Hiraiwa Hiroaki , Usui Akihiko , Murohara Toyoaki 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Choice of mechanical circulatory support to stabilize hemodynamics until cardiac recovery or next treatment is a strategic cornerstone for improving outcomes in patients with severe cardiogenic shock. We aimed to clarify the difference in treatment course and outcomes with the use of Impella 5.0 and an extracorporeal left ventricular assist device (eLVAD) in patients with cardiogenic shock refractory to medical therapy or other mechanical circulatory support. Methods: We performed a retrospective medical record review of consecutive patients who were implanted with Impella 5.0 or eLVAD as a bridge to decision at our medical center. Results: A total of 26 patients (median age 40 years, 16 males) were analyzed. Of seven patients managed with Impella 5.0, the Impella 5.0 was removed successfully in two patients and five patients underwent surgery for durable LVAD implantation. Of 19 patients managed with eLVAD, the eLVAD was successfully removed in 3 patients, 9 patients required durable LVAD, and 7 patients died during eLVAD management. The period between Impella 5.0 or eLVAD implantation to durable LVAD surgery was significantly shorter with Impella 5.0 (58 vs 235 days, p = 0.001). Cardiopulmonary bypass time was significantly shorter and a significantly smaller amount of red blood cell transfusion was required with Impella 5.0 (149 vs 192 min, p = 0.042; 7.0 vs 15.0 units, p = 0.019). There were four massive stroke events with eLVAD, but no massive stroke event with Impella 5.0. Conclusion: Impella 5.0 facilitates smoother management as a bridge to decision and reduces surgical invasiveness during durable LVAD implantation.
Working towards success in the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists Modified Essay Question Exam
Authors: Parker Stephen , Freier Karen , Gallagher Erin , Cutbush Jimsie , Suetani Shuichi 
Published: September 2021

Objective: To describe an approach to support Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) trainees achieve success in the Modified Essay Question (MEQ) examination. Method: Synthesis of the opinion of the authorship encompassing a range of relevant stakeholders, supported by a qualitative content analysis of published examination feedback from the RANZCP Committee for Examinations. Results: In approaching the MEQs, candidates are encouraged to (1) read the scenario and questions carefully, (2) answer questions broadly and with justification, (3) manage time effectively, (4) undertake deliberate practice in preparation, and (5) ‘check your own pulse’ (i.e. limit the detrimental impact of anxiety on performance). Conclusion: Preparing for the MEQ examination through deliberate practice will help candidates become competent psychiatrists. The ability to critically think in clinical practice, a key focus of this assessment, is an essential skill all psychiatrists need to develop and maintain.
The effectiveness of a short-term DBT skills group in a ‘real-world’ clinical setting
Authors: Wieczorek Martin , Kacen Tamara , King Bradley , Wilhelm Kay 
Published: September 2021

Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a short-term outpatient DBT (DBT-S) skills group for individuals experiencing pervasive emotion dysregulation (PED). Method: Pre-and post-group outcome data consisted of self-report measures and six-month Mental Health admissions and Emergency Department presentations. Results: Group completers reported significant improvements in psychological distress, depression, borderline symptomatology and functional impairment, increases in ‘skills use’ and decreases in ‘dysfunctional coping’, associated with symptomatic improvement. There were reduced numbers of Mental Health presentations and admissions between six months pre- and post-group. Conclusion: Findings support emerging evidence for DBT-S as an effective, viable treatment for PED.
There’s no sugar-coating psychological distress and illness perceptions in gestational diabetes mellitus: depression and anxiety are associated with negative illness perceptions
Authors: Maguire Paul A , Cummings Jasmine A , Reay Rebecca E , Nolan Christopher J , Looi Jeffrey C L 
Published: September 2021

Objective: To gain an understanding of how women with gestational diabetes perceive their illness, and whether depressive/anxiety symptoms and/or psychological distress influence these illness perceptions. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 159 pregnant women aged 18–44 attending gestational diabetes clinics. Participants completed a questionnaire, which included the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS), Kessler 10-item Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), and psychiatric/general health items. Multiple regression was used to explore the relationship between EDS (total and anxiety subscale) scores and BIPQ scores, as well as between K-10 (total and anxiety subscale) scores and BIPQ scores. Results: Regression analysis revealed a positive association between EDS total/anxiety subscale scores and BIPQ total score, as well as between K-10 total/anxiety subscale scores and BIPQ total score, controlling for potentially confounding variables. There was a strong positive correlation between EDS total score and K-10 total score. The most frequently expressed concern about GDM was an adverse effect on their baby’s health. A poor diet was the most frequently reported perceived ‘cause’ of GDM. Conclusion: Greater severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms, and psychological distress, is associated with more negative illness perceptions of GDM in pregnant women.
Functional relevance of macular telangiectasia (MacTel) area on multicolour imaging in type 2 MacTel
Authors: Venkatesh Ramesh , Reddy Nikitha Gurram , Agrawal Sameeksha , Pereira Arpitha , Mutalik Deepashri , Mishra Pranjal , Yadav Naresh Kumar , Chhablani Jay 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To analyse the correlation between area of macular telangiectasia (MacTel) involvement on multicolour (MC) imaging, disease stages and visual acuity in type 2 MacTel. Methods: In this retrospective analysis of MC images, confirmed cases of type 2 MacTel were graded into different disease stages as per Gass and Blodi and Yannuzzi et al classification systems. The ‘MacTel area’ was calculated by marking the outer boundary of an area with abnormally increased reflectivity to confocal blue wavelength light. At every follow-up visit, best-corrected visual acuity, MacTel area and stage of disease on the MC image was documented. Analyses between disease stage, MacTel area and visual acuity was carried out. Results: In total, 92 eyes of 49 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 59.6 ± 8.96 years. About 182 high-quality gradable MC images were available for analysis. There was a statistically significant difference in the visual acuity ( p < 0.001) and area of involvement ( p < 0.001) in the non-proliferative and proliferative type 2 MacTel groups. An increase in disease severity stage statistically correlated positively with Mactel area ( r = 0.544; p < 0.001) and logMAR visual acuity ( r = 0.329; p < 0.001). Over time, there was a significant increase in area of MacTel involvement ( p = 0.012) with an associated decrease in the visual acuity ( p = 0.023). Conclusion: The MacTel area measured on MC imaging showed a strong positive correlation with disease stage and a negative correlation with visual acuity. This could serve as a useful biomarker in clinical trials and understanding the natural history of the disease.