bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational Design of Perforated Bimetallic (Ni, Mo) Sulfides/N‐doped Graphitic Carbon Composite Microspheres as Anode Materials for Superior Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Jae Seob , Saroha Rakesh , Oh Se Hwan , Shin Dong Hyeok , Jeong Sang Mun , Kim Jae‐Kwang , Cho Jung Sang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHighly conductive 3D ordered mesoporous Ni7S6‐MoS2/N‐doped graphitic carbon (NGC) composite (P‐NiMoS/C) microspheres are prepared as anode materials for Na‐ion batteries. The rationally designed nanostructure comprises stable Ni7S6‐ and MoS2‐phases along with the homogeneously distributed ordered mesopores (ϕ = 50 nm) over the external and internal structures generated through thermal decomposition of polystyrene nanobeads (ϕ = 100 nm). Therefore, the P‐NiMoS/C microspheres deliver initial discharge capacities of 662, 419, 373, 300, 231, 181, and 146 mA h g−1 at current densities of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 A g−1, respectively. Furthermore, P‐NiMoS/C exhibits a stable discharge capacity of 444 mA h g−1 at the end of the 150th cycle at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, indicating higher cycling stability than the filled, that is, non‐mesoporous, Ni3S2‐MoS2/NGC (F‐NiMoS/C) microspheres and filled carbon‐free Ni3S2‐MoS2 (F‐NiMoS) microspheres. The superior electrochemical performance of P‐NiMoS/C microspheres is attributed to the rapid Na+ ion diffusion, alleviation of severe volume stress during prolonged cycling, and higher electrical conductivity of NGC, which results in fast charge transfer during the redox processes. The results in the present study can provide fundamental knowledge for the development of multicomponent, porous, and highly conductive anodes for various applications.
Mechanical aspects of Maxwell nanofluid in dynamic system with irreversible analysis
Authors: Khan Noor Saeed , Shah Qayyum , Sohail Arif , Kumam Poom , Thounthong Phatiphat , Muhammad Taseer 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe study concerns with the mechanical characteristics of rotating system of two double disks. Hall current effect, entropy generation, Arrhenius activation energy and binary chemical reactions are investigated in heat and mass transfer bioconvection flow of Maxwell nanofluid. Brownian motion and thermophoresis with thermal radiation and buoyancy effects are encountered in the governing equations. The mechanical system has been investigated by the governing equations and boundary conditions which are simplified by the use of suitable similarity transformations. Optimal homotopy analysis method is implemented to obtain the series solution of non‐linear ordinary differential equations. Physical behaviors of heat and mass transfer flow with entropy generation are investigated through the effects of embedded parameters.
Introduction
Authors: Marois Guillaume , KC Samir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis chapter introduces the purpose of the book. When a researcher needs to perform microsimulation for population projections, building its own model with a common statistical software such as SAS might a good option, because this software is widely used among scholars and is taught in most social sciences departments. We define what is microsimulation: a modelling based on individual-level data rather than aggregated level data, in which transitions between the states are determined stochastically with a random experiment. We finally provide some examples of microsimulation models used by social scientists.
Three dimensional mirror symmetry beyond ADE quivers and Argyres-Douglas theories
Authors: Dey Anindya 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Mirror symmetry, a three dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 IR duality, has been studied in detail for quiver gauge theories of the ADE-type (as well as their affine versions) with unitary gauge groups. The A-type quivers (also known as linear quivers) and the associated mirror dualities have a particularly simple realization in terms of a Type IIB system of D3-D5-NS5-branes. In this paper, we present a systematic field theory prescription for constructing 3d mirror pairs beyond the ADE quiver gauge theories, starting from a dual pair of A-type quivers with unitary gauge groups. The construction involves a certain generalization of the S and the T operations, which arise in the context of the SL(2, ℤ) action on a 3d CFT with a U(1) 0-form global symmetry. We implement this construction in terms of two supersymmetric observables — the round sphere partition function and the superconformal index on S2 × S1. We discuss explicit examples of various (non-ADE) infinite families of mirror pairs that can be obtained in this fashion. In addition, we use the above construction to conjecture explicit 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Lagrangians for 3d SCFTs, which arise in the deep IR limit of certain Argyres-Douglas theories compactified on a circle.
Image enhancement of whole-body oncology [18F]-FDG PET scans using deep neural networks to reduce noise
Authors: Mehranian Abolfazl , Wollenweber Scott D. , Walker Matthew D. , Bradley Kevin M. , Fielding Patrick A. , Su Kuan-Hao , Johnsen Robert , Kotasidis Fotis , Jansen Floris P. , McGowan Daniel R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To enhance the image quality of oncology [18F]-FDG PET scans acquired in shorter times and reconstructed by faster algorithms using deep neural networks.

Methods
List-mode data from 277 [18F]-FDG PET/CT scans, from six centres using GE Discovery PET/CT scanners, were split into ¾-, ½- and ¼-duration scans. Full-duration datasets were reconstructed using the convergent block sequential regularised expectation maximisation (BSREM) algorithm. Short-duration datasets were reconstructed with the faster OSEM algorithm. The 277 examinations were divided into training (n = 237), validation (n = 15) and testing (n = 25) sets. Three deep learning enhancement (DLE) models were trained to map full and partial-duration OSEM images into their target full-duration BSREM images. In addition to standardised uptake value (SUV) evaluations in lesions, liver and lungs, two experienced radiologists scored the quality of testing set images and BSREM in a blinded clinical reading (175 series).

Results
OSEM reconstructions demonstrated up to 22% difference in lesion SUVmax, for different scan durations, compared to full-duration BSREM. Application of the DLE models reduced this difference significantly for full-, ¾- and ½-duration scans, while simultaneously reducing the noise in the liver. The clinical reading showed that the standard DLE model with full- or ¾-duration scans provided an image quality substantially comparable to full-duration scans with BSREM reconstruction, yet in a shorter reconstruction time.

Conclusion
Deep learning–based image enhancement models may allow a reduction in scan time (or injected activity) by up to 50%, and can decrease reconstruction time to a third, while maintaining image quality.
Analysing the requirements for an Open Research Knowledge Graph: use cases, quality requirements, and construction strategies
Authors: Brack Arthur , Hoppe Anett , Stocker Markus , Auer Sören , Ewerth Ralph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCurrent science communication has a number of drawbacks and bottlenecks which have been subject of discussion lately: Among others, the rising number of published articles makes it nearly impossible to get a full overview of the state of the art in a certain field, or reproducibility is hampered by fixed-length, document-based publications which normally cannot cover all details of a research work. Recently, several initiatives have proposed knowledge graphs (KG) for organising scientific information as a solution to many of the current issues. The focus of these proposals is, however, usually restricted to very specific use cases. In this paper, we aim to transcend this limited perspective and present a comprehensive analysis of requirements for an Open Research Knowledge Graph (ORKG) by (a) collecting and reviewing daily core tasks of a scientist, (b) establishing their consequential requirements for a KG-based system, (c) identifying overlaps and specificities, and their coverage in current solutions. As a result, we map necessary and desirable requirements for successful KG-based science communication, derive implications, and outline possible solutions.
Investigating diagnosis, treatment, and burden of disease in patients with ankylosing spondylitis in Central Eastern Europe and the United States: a real-world study
Authors: Korotaeva T. , Dina O. , Holdsworth E. , Fallon L. , Milligan G. , Meakin S. , Wang L. , Vasilescu R. , Cappelleri J. C. , Deodhar A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction/Objectives
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated condition. We compared AS diagnosis, treatment, and burden in Central Eastern European countries (CEE), where this has been less researched, and the United States (US) from a real-world perspective.

Methods
Point-in-time survey of rheumatologists and their AS patients was conducted in the US (Apr–Oct 2018) and CEE (Aug–Nov 2019) via physician- and patient-completed record forms, including clinical and patient-reported outcomes. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, t-tests, Fisher’s exact tests, and generalized linear models.

Results
In total, 487 patients were recruited from 88 rheumatologists in the US and 922 patients from 126 rheumatologists in CEE. Time from onset of symptoms to final AS diagnosis was longer in CEE than the US (4.2 vs 2.7 years, p < 0.05). At diagnosis, a greater use of conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and injected steroids was reported in CEE vs the US (43.7% vs 27.6%, p < 0.05; 19.3% vs 8.7%, p < 0.05). 22.9% of US patients received a biologic DMARD at diagnosis vs 10% of CEE patients (p < 0.05). At current consultation, biologic DMARD use in CEE was lower vs the US (27.9% vs 71.0%, p < 0.05). CEE vs US patients had greater disease activity (mean Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index 4.2 vs 3.1, p < 0.05) and worse quality of life (QoL; mean Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Questionnaire score 6.2 vs 8.4, p < 0.05).

Conclusions
AS patients in CEE vs the US faced slower diagnosis and worse access to biologics, disease activity, and QoL. Whether early access to biologics can improve symptoms, QoL, and daily activities in AS patients in CEE remains to be seen.

Key Points• The study provided evidence on the real-world approach to the diagnosis, treatment, and burden of axSpA (axial spondyloarthritis) in CEE compared with the US.• The study reported patients in CEE experienced longer delays in diagnosis and poorer access to biologics than in the US.• This may have resulted in higher disease activity, greater levels of pain, and poorer outcomes, as reported by patients with axSpA in CEE.
Over- and under-estimation of COVID-19 deaths
Authors: Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ratio of COVID-19-attributable deaths versus “true” COVID-19 deaths depends on the synchronicity of the epidemic wave with population mortality; duration of test positivity, diagnostic time window, and testing practices close to and at death; infection prevalence; the extent of diagnosing without testing documentation; and the ratio of overall (all-cause) population mortality rate and infection fatality rate. A nomogram is offered to assess the potential extent of over- and under-counting in different situations. COVID-19 deaths were apparently under-counted early in the pandemic and continue to be under-counted in several countries, especially in Africa, while over-counting probably currently exists for several other countries, especially those with intensive testing and high sensitization and/or incentives for COVID-19 diagnoses. Death attribution in a syndemic like COVID-19 needs great caution. Finally, excess death estimates are subject to substantial annual variability and include also indirect effects of the pandemic and the effects of measures taken.
CIME: Context-aware geolocation of emergency-related posts
Authors: Scalia Gabriele , Francalanci Chiara , Pernici Barbara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInformation extracted from social media has proven to be very useful in the domain of emergency management. An important task in emergency management is rapid crisis mapping, which aims to produce timely and reliable maps of affected areas. During an emergency, the volume of emergency-related posts is typically large, but only a small fraction is relevant and help rapid mapping effectively. Furthermore, posts are not useful for mapping purposes unless they are correctly geolocated and, on average, less than 2% of posts are natively georeferenced. This paper presents an algorithm, called CIME, that aims to identify and geolocate emergency-related posts that are relevant for mapping purposes. While native geocoordinates are most often missing, many posts contain geographical references in their metadata, such as texts or links that can be used by CIME to filter and geolocate information. In addition, social media creates a social network and each post can be enhanced with indirect information from the post’s network of relationships with other posts (for example, a retweet can be associated with other geographical references which are useful to geolocate the original tweet). To exploit all this information, CIME uses the concept of context, defined as the information characterizing a post both directly (the post’s metadata) and indirectly (the post’s network of relationships). The algorithm was evaluated on a recent major emergency event demonstrating better performance with respect to the state of the art in terms of total number of geolocated posts, geolocation accuracy and relevance for rapid mapping.
Analyzing alpha emitting isotopes of Pu, Am and Cm from NPP water samples: an intercomparison of Nordic radiochemical laboratories
Authors: Salminen-Paatero Susanna , Hou Xiaolin , Olszewski Grzegorz , Ekerljung Lina , Tovedal Annika , Vesterlund Anna , Andersson Angelica , Kangas Satu , Ramebäck Henrik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRadioanalytical methods for the determination of isotopes of Pu, Am and Cm in water samples from nuclear power plants were compared and further developed in a Nordic project (Optimethod) through two intercomparison exercises among Nordic laboratories. With this intercomparison, the analytical performance of some laboratories was improved by modification of the analytical method and adopting new techniques. The obtained results from the two intercomparisons for alpha emitting transuranium isotopes are presented, and the lessons learnt from these intercomparison exercises are discussed.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines and microRNAs in male infertility
Authors: Attia Hana , Finocchi Federica , Orciani Monia , Mehdi Meriem , Zidi Jrah Ines , Lazzarini Raffaella , Balercia Giancarlo , Mattioli Belmonte Monica 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Male infertility is a problem that affects 10–15% of men of reproductive age. In particular, gametogenesis is a complex process in which inflammation may play a central role through the secretion of cytokines and the expression of microRNAs. We assessed the potential role of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1α) and microRNAs (miR-146a-5p, miR-34a-5p and miR-23a-3p) in the seminal plasma of infertile men compared to controls, evaluating their correlation with seminal and biochemical parameters.

Methods and results
Expression of cytokines and microRNAs was analyzed by ELISA and q-PCR. Our data shows that IL-1α was significantly increased in the azoospermic group compared to controls, TNF-α mRNA was more expressed in the oligozoospermic group than controls. There were no significant differences in miRNAs expression among the three groups. The correlations between sperm parameters and inflammatory markers were evaluated, however no significance was highlighted.

Conclusions
The determination of each inflammatory marker separately in the seminal plasma of subfertile men, despite some significant differences, does not have a diagnostic value in male infertility even if an assay of selective pro-inflammatory cytokines and microRNAs in the semen may improve the diagnosis of male infertility.
Characterization of bacteriocin and chitinase producing bacterial isolates with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Zeshan Basit , Daud Nur Hardy A. , Shahid Izzah , Khalid Hafza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is a need for more efficient and eco-friendly approaches to overcome increasing microbial infections. Bacteriocins and chitinases fromBacillusspp. can be powerful alternatives to conventional antibiotics and antifungal drugs, respectively. The purpose of this study was to assess the inhibitory potential of bacteriocins and chitinase enzymes against multiple resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens. Bacterial isolates were selected by growth on minimal salts medium and after that were morphologically and biochemically characterized. The physiochemical characterization of bacteriocins was carried out. The inhibitory potential of bacteriocins towards six pathogenic bacteria was determined by the well diffusion assay while chitinase activity towards three fungal strains was determined by the dual plate culture assay. Two bacterial strains (WW2P1and WRE4P2), out of nine showed inhibition ofK. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, E. coliand MRSA while WW4P2was positive againstS. typhimuriumandE. coliand WRE10P2againstP. aeruginosa,S. pneumoniae. Two bacterial isolates (WW3P1and WRE10P2) were chosen for further study on the basis of their antifungal activities. Of these, WW3P1 isolate was more effective against A. fumigatus as well as A. niger. The proteinaceous nature of the bacteriocins was confirmed by treatment of the crude extract with proteinase K. It was found that the inhibitory activity of strain WW3P1 against E. coli was highest at 20 °C, and againstS. pneumoniae it was at 20 °C and pH 10 after treatment with EDTA. Inhibition by strain the WRE10P2against P. aeruginosa was highest at 20 °C and pH 14. It was found that EDTA increased the inhibitory activity of strain WW2P1againstP. aeruginosa,K. pneumoniaeandE. coliby 2 ± 0.235, 3.5 ± 0.288, 2.5 ± 1.040 times, respectively, of strain WRE4P2againstP. aeruginosaandE. coliby 2.5 ± 0.763, 2.7 ± 0.5 times, respectively, and of strain WRE10P2againstS. pneumoniaeby 3 ± 0.6236 times. The isolates have promising inhibitory activity, which should be further analyzed for the commercial production of antimicrobials.Article highlightsThe current study aimed to isolate the microbiome from wheat plant (Triticum aestivumL.), to screen for bacteriocin production and to assess its antimicrobial activity against human pathogens.Forty-one phenotypically different bacterial colonies were subjected to bacteriocin purification from which 25 colonies showed positive reactions.These 25 bacterial isolates were screened against six different human bacterial pathogens using the well diffusion method to check the antimicrobial activity. Out of nine bacterial isolates, WW3P1 and WRE10P2 were able to degrade the chitin and utilize it as their sole energy source. Strain WRE4P2 exhibited partial inactivation in its activity against MRSA after treatment with proteinase K.
Peer Gynt and Oedipus: Ibsen on Hegel's Precursors of Modernity
Authors: Levy Lior 
Published: July 2021

AbstractG. W. F. Hegel sees Oedipus as an epitome of the philosophical quest for self-knowledge. In Hegel's readings of Oedipus, the latter becomes a distant reflection of the modern and mature Hegelian self, who consciously takes on this quest. Yet unlike Oedipus, whose search for the truth about his past is characterized by both metaphorical and literal blindness, the modern self knows itself, precisely because it understands its past and can thus appropriate and situate itself in relation to the present. For Hegel, self-understanding entails grasping the proper relationship between past and present, which in turn necessitates acknowledging his own relationship to Oedipus. This essay examines Henrik Ibsen's turn to the Hegelian engagement with the past (Oedipus being one crucial moment in the Hegelian story of the history of self-consciousness), by focusing on one of the most enigmatic scenes in his 1866 drama,Peer Gynt, where the Norwegian protagonist is cast as Oedipus. The scene examines the drama's own past—through an engagement with a dramatic ancestor—and focuses on the influence of the past on fashioning modern European identity. Moreover, it offers a critique of how the past is utilized in the creation and consolidation of that identity. With this, Ibsen offers an implicit critique of Hegel's understanding of Oedipus, and his encounter with the Sphinx in particular. Revisiting Oedipus through its modern reception, Ibsen questions the act by which the past is revealed as such and is put to work in the service of a particular present.
Clinical prediction of bacteremia and early antibiotics therapy in patients with solid tumors
Authors: Hyak Jonathan M. , Al Mohajer Mayar , Musher Daniel M. , Musher Benjamin L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:To investigate the relationship between the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), early antibiotic use, and bacteremia in solid-tumor patients.Design, setting, and participants:We conducted a retrospective observational study of adults with solid tumors admitted to a tertiary-care hospital through the emergency department over a 2-year period. Patients with neutropenic fever, organ transplant, trauma, or cardiopulmonary arrest were excluded.Methods:Rates of SIRS, bacteremia, and early antibiotics (initiation within 8 hours of presentation) were compared using the χ2 and Student t tests. Binomial regression and receiver operator curves were analyzed to assess predictors of bacteremia and early antibiotics.Results:Early antibiotics were administered in 507 (37%) of 1,344 SIRS-positive cases and 492 (22%) of 2,236 SIRS-negative cases (P < .0001). Of SIRS-positive cases, 70% had blood cultures drawn within 48 hours and 19% were positive; among SIRS negative cases, 35% had cultures and 13% were positive (19% vs 13%; P = .003). Bacteremic cases were more often SIRS positive than nonbacteremic cases (60% vs 50%; P =.003), but they received early antibiotics at similar rates (50% vs 49%, P = .72). Three SIRS components predicted early antibiotics: temperature (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.31–2.29; P = .0001), tachycardia (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.10–1.69; P < .0001), and white blood-cell count (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.56–2.14; P < .0001). Only temperature (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.09–2.41; P = .01) and tachycardia (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.09–2.06; P = .01) predicted bacteremia. SIRS criteria as a composite were poorly predictive of bacteremia (AUC, 0.57).Conclusions:SIRS criteria are frequently used to determine the need for early antibiotics, but they are poor predictors of bacteremia in solid-tumor patients. More reliable models are needed to guide judicious use of antibiotics in this population.