bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation and analysis of diving beetle movements while swimming
Authors: Qi Debo , Zhang Chengchun , He Jingwei , Yue Yongli , Wang Jing , Xiao Dunhui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe fast swimming speed, flexible cornering, and high propulsion efficiency of diving beetles are primarily achieved by their two powerful hind legs. Unlike other aquatic organisms, such as turtle, jellyfish, fish and frog et al., the diving beetle could complete retreating motion without turning around, and the turning radius is small for this kind of propulsion mode. However, most bionic vehicles have not contained these advantages, the study about this propulsion method is useful for the design of bionic robots. In this paper, the swimming videos of the diving beetle, including forwarding, turning and retreating, were captured by two synchronized high-speed cameras, and were analyzed via SIMI Motion. The analysis results revealed that the swimming speed initially increased quickly to a maximum at 60% of the power stroke, and then decreased. During the power stroke, the diving beetle stretched its tibias and tarsi, the bristles on both sides of which were shaped like paddles, to maximize the cross-sectional areas against the water to achieve the maximum thrust. During the recovery stroke, the diving beetle rotated its tarsi and folded the bristles to minimize the cross-sectional areas to reduce the drag force. For one turning motion (turn right about 90 degrees), it takes only one motion cycle for the diving beetle to complete it. During the retreating motion, the average acceleration was close to 9.8 m/s2in the first 25 ms. Finally, based on the diving beetle's hind-leg movement pattern, a kinematic model was constructed, and according to this model and the motion data of the joint angles, the motion trajectories of the hind legs were obtained by using MATLAB. Since the advantages of this propulsion method, it may become a new bionic propulsion method, and the motion data and kinematic model of the hind legs will be helpful in the design of bionic underwater unmanned vehicles.
Molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer drug, LY2874455, in overcoming the FGFR4 mutation-based resistance
Authors: Dehghanian Fariba , Alavi Shahryar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent years, many strategies have been used to overcome the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) resistance caused by different mutations. LY2874455 (or 6LF) is a pan-FGFR inhibitor which is identified as the most efficient TKI for all resistant mutations in FGFRs. Here, we perform a comparative dynamics study of wild type (WT) and the FGFR4 V550L mutant for better understanding of the 6LF inhibition mechanism. Our results confirm that the pan-FGFR inhibitor 6LF can bind efficiently to both WT and V550L FGFR4. Moreover, the communication network analysis indicates that in apo-WT FGFR4, αD–αE loop behaves like a switch between open and close states of the substrate-binding pocket in searching of its ligand. In contrast, V550L mutation induces the active conformation of the FGFR4 substrate-binding pocket through disruption of αD–αE loop and αG helix anti-correlation. Interestingly, 6LF binding causes the rigidity of hinge and αD helix regions, which results in overcoming V550L induced resistance. Collectively, the results of this study would be informative for designing more efficient TKIs for more effective targeting of the FGFR signaling pathway.
Realization of macroscopic ratchet effect based on nonperiodic and uneven potentials
Authors: Rollano V. , Gomez A. , Muñoz-Noval A. , Velez M. , de Ory M. C. , Menghini M. , Gonzalez E. M. , Vicent J. L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRatchet devices allow turning an ac input signal into a dc output signal. A ratchet device is set by moving particles driven by zero averages forces on asymmetric potentials. Hybrid nanostructures combining artificially fabricated spin ice nanomagnet arrays with superconducting films have been identified as a good choice to develop ratchet nanodevices. In the current device, the asymmetric potentials are provided by charged Néel walls located in the vertices of spin ice magnetic honeycomb array, whereas the role of moving particles is played by superconducting vortices. We have experimentally obtained ratchet effect for different spin ice I configurations and for vortex lattice moving parallel or perpendicular to magnetic easy axes. Remarkably, the ratchet magnitudes are similar in all the experimental runs; i. e. different spin ice I configurations and in both relevant directions of the vortex lattice motion. We have simulated the interplay between vortex motion directions and a single asymmetric potential. It turns out vortices interact with uneven asymmetric potentials, since they move with trajectories crossing charged Néel walls with different orientations. Moreover, we have found out the asymmetric pair potentials which generate the local ratchet effect. In this rocking ratchet the particles (vortices) on the move are interacting each other (vortex lattice); therefore, the ratchet local effect turns into a global macroscopic effect. In summary, this ratchet device benefits from interacting particles moving in robust and topological protected type I spin ice landscapes.
Uranium carbonate complexes demonstrate drastic decrease in stability at elevated temperatures
Authors: Kalintsev Alexander , Migdisov Artas , Alcorn Christopher , Baker Jason , Brugger Joël , Mayanovic Robert A. , Akram Nadib , Guo Xiaofeng , Xu Hongwu , Boukhalfa Hakim , Caporuscio Florie A. , Viswanathan Hari , Jove-Colon Carlos , Wang Yifeng , Matteo Edward , Roback Robert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractQuantitative understanding of uranium transport by high temperature fluids is crucial for confident assessment of its migration in a number of natural and artificially induced contexts, such as hydrothermal uranium ore deposits and nuclear waste stored in geological repositories. An additional recent and atypical context would be the seawater inundated fuel of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Given its wide applicability, understanding uranium transport will be useful regardless of whether nuclear power finds increased or decreased adoption in the future. The amount of uranium that can be carried by geofluids is enhanced by the formation of complexes with inorganic ligands. Carbonate has long been touted as a critical transporting ligand for uranium in both ore deposit and waste repository contexts. However, this paradigm has only been supported by experiments conducted at ambient conditions. We have experimentally evaluated the ability of carbonate-bearing fluids to dissolve (and therefore transport) uranium at high temperature, and discovered that in fact, at temperatures above 100 °C, carbonate becomes almost completely irrelevant as a transporting ligand. This demands a re-evaluation of a number of hydrothermal uranium transport models, as carbonate can no longer be considered key to the formation of uranium ore deposits or as an enabler of uranium transport from nuclear waste repositories at elevated temperatures.
Multiple thresholds and trajectories of microbial biodiversity predicted across browning gradients by neural networks and decision tree learning
Authors: Fontaine Laurent , Khomich Maryia , Andersen Tom , Hessen Dag O , Rasconi Serena , Davey Marie L , Eiler Alexander 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Ecological association studies often assume monotonicity such as between biodiversity and environmental properties although there is growing evidence that nonmonotonic relations dominate in nature. Here, we apply machine-learning algorithms to reveal the nonmonotonic association between microbial diversity and an anthropogenic-induced large-scale change, the browning of freshwaters, along a longitudinal gradient covering 70 boreal lakes in Scandinavia. Measures of bacterial richness and evenness (alpha-diversity) showed nonmonotonic trends in relation to environmental gradients, peaking at intermediate levels of browning. Depending on the statistical methods, variables indicative for browning could explain 5% of the variance in bacterial community composition (beta-diversity) when applying standard methods assuming monotonic relations and up to 45% with machine-learning methods taking non-monotonicity into account. This non-monotonicity observed at the community level was explained by the complex interchangeable nature of individual taxa responses as shown by a high degree of nonmonotonic responses of individual bacterial sequence variants to browning. Furthermore, the nonmonotonic models provide the position of thresholds and predict alternative bacterial diversity trajectories in boreal freshwater as a result of ongoing climate and land-use changes, which in turn will affect entire ecosystem metabolism and likely greenhouse gas production.
Effect of kaolin pre-treatment method and NaOH levels on the structure and properties of kaolin-derived faujasite zeolites
Authors: Otieno Stephen , Kowenje Chrispin , Kengara Fredrick , Mokaya Robert 
Published: August 2021

The zeolite type prepared from kaolin depends on the mode of fusion of the clay with zeolite Y and X generated, respectively, from partial or full fusion. Wet mixing of clay with NaOH followed by dry fusion optimises formation of zeolite X.
Radio properties of the optically identified supernova remnant G107.0+9.0
Authors: Reich Wolfgang , Gao Xuyang , Reich Patricia 
Published: August 2021

Context. The vast majority of Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) were detected by their synchrotron radio emission. Recently, the evolved SNR G107.0+9.0 with a diameter of about 3° or 75 pc up to 100 pc in size was optically detected with an indication of faint associated radio emission. This SNR requires a detailed radio study.
Aims. We aim to search for radio emission from SNR G107.0+9.0 by analysing new data from the Effelsberg 100-m and the Urumqi 25-m radio telescopes in addition to available radio surveys.
Methods. Radio SNRs outside of the Galactic plane, where confusion is rare, must be very faint if they have not been identified so far. Guided by the Hα emission of G107.0+9.0, we separated its radio emission from the Galactic large-scale emission.
Results. Radio emission from SNR G107.0+9.0 is detected between 22 MHz and 4.8 GHz with a steep non-thermal spectrum, which confirms G107.0+9.0 as an SNR. Its surface brightness is among the lowest known for Galactic SNRs. Polarised emission is clearly detected at 1.4 GHz but is fainter at 4.8 GHz. We interpret the polarised emission as being caused by a Faraday screen associated with G107.0+9.0 and its surroundings. Its ordered magnetic field along the line of sight is below 1 μG. At 4.8 GHz, we identified a depolarised filament along the western periphery of G107.0+9.0 with a magnetic field strength along the line of sight B||~ 15 μG, which requires magnetic field compression.
Conclusions. G107.0+9.0 adds to the currently small number of known, evolved, large-diameter, low-surface-brightness Galactic SNRs. We have shown that such objects can be successfully extracted from radio-continuum surveys despite the dominating large-scale diffuse Galactic emission.
Turbulence in the intragroup and circumgalactic medium
Authors: Schmidt W. , Schmidt J. P. , Grete P. 
Published: August 2021

Context. In massive objects, such as galaxy clusters, the turbulent velocity dispersion, σturb, is tightly correlated to both the object mass, M, and the thermal energy.
Aims. Here, we investigate whether these scaling laws extend to lower-mass objects in dark-matter filaments.
Methods. We perform a cosmological zoom-in simulation of a filament using an adaptive filtering technique for the resolved velocity component and a subgrid-scale model to account for the unresolved component. We then compute the mean turbulent and thermal energies for all halos in the zoom-in region and compare different definitions of halo averages. Averaging constrained by density and temperature thresholds is favored over averages solely based on virial spheres.
Results. We find no clear trend for the turbulent velocity dispersion versus halo mass, but significant correlation and a scaling law with exponent α ∼ 0.5 between the turbulent velocity dispersion and thermal energy that agrees with a nearly constant turbulent Mach number, similar to more massive objects.
Conclusions. We conclude that the self-similar energetics proposed for galaxy clusters extends down to the circumgalactic medium of individual galaxies.
Endo-sponge in management of anastomotic colorectal leaks: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dhindsa Banreet S. , Naga Yassin , Saghir Syed M. , Daid Sarav Gunjit Singh , Chandan Saurabh , Mashiana Harmeet , Dhaliwal Amaninder , Sidhu Abhitej , Sayles Harlan , Ramai Daryl , Bhat Ishfaq , Singh Shailender , McDonough Stephanie , Adler Douglas G. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Following colorectal surgery, anastomotic dehiscence and leak formation has an incidence of 2 % to 7 %. Endo-SPONGE has been applied in the management of anastomatic leaks (ALs) after colorectal surgery. This is the first systematic review and meta analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Endo-SPONGE in the management of colorectal ALs.
Patients and methods The primary outcomes assessed were the technical and clinical success of Endo-SPONGE placement in colorectal ALs. The secondary outcomes assessed were the overall adverse events (AEs) and the AE subtypes. Pooled estimates were calculated using random-effects models with 95 % confidence interval (C. I.). The statistical analysis was done using STATA v16.1 software (StataCorp, LLC College Station, Texas, United States).
Results The analysis included 17 independent cohort studies with a total of 384 patients. The rate of technical success was 99.86 % (95 % CI: 99.2 %, 100 %; P = 0.00; I2  = 70.69 %) and the calculated pooled rate of clinical success was 84.99 % (95 % CI: 77.4 %, 91.41 %; P = 0.00; I2  = 68.02 %). The calculated pooled rate of adverse events was 7.6 % (95 % CI: 3.99 %, 12.21 %; P = 0.03; I2  = 42.5 %) with recurrent abscess formation and bleeding being the most common AEs. Moderate to substantial heterogeneity was noted in our meta-analysis.
Conclusions Endoscopic vacuum therapy appears to be a minimally invasive, safe, and effective treatment modality for patients with a significant colorectal leak without any generalized peritonitis with high clinical and technical success rates and a low rate of adverse events. Further prospective or randomized controlled trials are needed to validate our findings.
Successful One and One-half Ventricular Circulation with Bioprosthetic Tricuspid Valve Replacement and Total Chordal Preservation in a Patient with Ebstein’s Anomaly: A Video Presentation
Authors: Chowdhury Ujjwal K. , Singh Sukhjeet , George Niwin , Sankhyan Lakshmi Kumari , Sharan Sandeep , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra , Chauhan Abhinav Singh , Gharde Parag , B. Sushama Gayatri , Sengupta Sanjoy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEbstein’s anomaly is a rare congenital malformation of the right ventricle and tricuspid valve which is characterized by several features that can exhibit an infinite spectrum of malformation.The abnormalities include: i) adherence of the tricuspid leaflets to the underlying myocardium (failure of delamination); ii) anterior and apical rotational displacement of the functional tricuspid annulus (septal > posterior > anterior leaflet); iii) dilatation of the right atrioventricular junction (the true tricuspid annulus) with variable degrees of hypertrophy and thinning of the wall; iv) dilatation of the “atrialized” portion of the right ventricle; and v) redundancy, fenestration, and tethering of the anterior leaflet.
Transnasal Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (T-PEG): An Alternative Approach to Conventional PEG Placement
Authors: KV Anudeep , Kalapala Rakesh , Darishetty Santosh , Katamreddy Thejesh , Reddy N. D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTransnasal percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (T-PEG) is a novel endoscopic intervention for enteral nutrition. Peroral endoscopic gastrostomy is widely performed feeding procedure. However, it cannot be done in 4 to 7% of cases with head & neck malignancies. T-PEG is a safe and viable alternative procedure in those patients. T-PEG can be performed in patients with head and neck malignancies, malignant oropharyngeal obstruction, and trismus where oral endoscopy is not feasible.
Fluorescence Guided Surgery
Authors: Stewart Hazel L , Birch David J S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) is an imaging technique that allows the surgeon to visualise different structures and types of tissue during a surgical procedure that may not be as visible under white light conditions. Due to the many potential advantages of fluorescence guided surgery compared to more traditional clinical imaging techniques such as its higher contrast and sensitivity, less subjective use, and ease of instrument operation, the research interest in fluorescence guided surgery continues to grow over various key aspects such as fluorescent probe development and surgical system development as well as its potential clinical applications. This review looks to summarise some of the emerging opportunities and developments that have already been made in fluorescence guided surgery in recent years while highlighting its advantages as well as limitations that need to be overcome in order to utilise the full potential of fluorescence within the surgical environment.
Subsidiarity as the Preference for Proximity
Authors: Cahill Maria 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article reflects on subsidiarity as the preference for proximity. In doing so, it focuses both on the idea of the preference for proximity and the preference for proximity. The impetus for doing so is Nick Barber’s book The Principles of Constitutionalism, which counts subsidiarity as one of six principles that a constitution should embrace, and which theorizes subsidiarity as a commitment to democracy. This article considers, in Part II, the implications of considering subsidiarity as a preference, and in particular the challenges that creates for the project of adopting subsidiarity as a constitutional principle. It goes on, in Part III, to explore the constitutional principle of subsidiarity proposed by Barber, highlighting unique features of this theory of subsidiarity and evaluating the extent to which, by focusing on subsidiarity as democratic commitment, Barber’s theory provides a viable account of the preference for proximity.
The effects ofStaphylococcus aureusbiofilm conditioned media on 3T3 fibroblasts
Authors: Madden Leigh , Low Shyan Huey , Phillips Anthony R J , Kline Kimberly A , Becker David L 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureus (SA) is the most common bacterial species in chronic wounds. However, there is a lack of understanding of how SA secretions affect the cell biology during the healing process. We studied the effects of biofilm-secretions from SA strain SA29213 on 3T3 fibroblasts. SA29213 is a chronic wound isolate and widely used as a reference strain. We used a series of concentrations of biofilm-conditioned media (BCM) and found 100% BCM is lethal within 10 h. Cells survived in ≤75% BCM but the rate of closure in scratch wound assays was reduced. Treatment with 75% and 50% BCM caused fibroblasts to change shape and develop dendrite like processes. Prolonged treatment with 75% and 50% BCM reduced cell proliferation and increased the 4n deoxyribonucleic acid cell population with cell cycle arrest. There was also an elevation in the senescence marker beta galactosidase and the number of multinucleated cells. Shorter treatments with 75% and 50% SA BCM caused an increase in cell–cell adhesion and a redistribution of β-catenin from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm along with a change in the appearance and decrease in size of ZO-1, vinculin and paxillin structures. Fibroblasts in the edge of chronic wounds exposed to the secretions of SA may suffer similar effects such as induction of senescence, reduced proliferation and migration, which may contribute to the delayed healing of these chronic infected wounds.
Toxic stress and burnout: John Henryism and social dominance in the laboratory and STEM workforce
Authors: Rolle Tiffany , Vue Zer , Murray Sandra A , Shareef Salma Ash , Shuler Haysetta D , Beasley Heather K , Marshall Andrea G , Hinton Antentor 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTPersons Excluded from science because of Ethnicity and Race (PEERs) face chronic exposure to interpersonal stressors, such as social discrimination, throughout their scientific careers, leading to a long-term decline in physical and mental health. Many PEERs exhibit John Henryism, a coping mechanism to prolonged stress where an individual expends higher levels of effort and energy at the cost of their physical and mental health. In this article, we discuss how social dominance may increase John Henryism within the STEM community; the causes, effects and costs of John Henryism; and highlight solutions to combat these social adversity stressors within the academic institution.
Democratizing Truth: An Analysis of Truth Commissions in the United States
Authors: Posthumus Daniel , Zvobgo Kelebogile 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Over the past half-century, numerous transitional justice (TJ) measures have been implemented globally. While much research has examined different TJ modalities in the aftermath of authoritarian rule and armed conflict, a growing body of work recognizes TJ outside of political transitions. We study a noteworthy export from transitional to non-transitional settings: truth commissions. Building on scholarship on TJ in established democracies, we introduce new quantitative data from the Varieties of Truth Commissions Project on truth commissions in an overlooked but significant case: the United States. The data captures 20 past, present and proposed official US truth commissions, most of them at the subnational level. Though their mandates vary considerably, they all address racial injustice, with an emphasis on anti-Indigenous and anti-Black violence. We elaborate on trends in the data and discuss the implications for unfolding efforts to reckon with historical and contemporary racial violence and injustice in the United States.
Integration of Formal Proof into Unified Assurance Cases - With Isabelle/SACM
Authors: Foster Simon , Nemouchi Yakoub , Gleirscher Mario , Wei Ran , Kelly Tim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The paper, by Simon Foster, Yakoub Nemouchi, Mario Gleirscher, Ran Wei and Tim Kelly, published in The Formal Aspects of Computing—Applicable Formal Methods (June 2021), explores the introduction of Isabelle/SACM into formal methods of assurance.