bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL‐17 signaling induces iNOS+ microglia activation in retinal vascular diseases
Authors: Zhou Tian , Liu Yan , Yang Ziqi , Ni Biyan , Zhu Xiaowei , Huang Zijing , Xu Huiyi , Feng Qiumin , Lin Xiaojing , He Chang , Liu Xialin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractActivation of microglia and inflammation‐mediated vascular damages are suggested to play a decisive role in the pathogenesis of various retinopathies. The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was required for activated microglia‐mediated injuries. However, the induction mechanism of microglia activation during retinal vascular diseases is still elusive. Here we showed that IL‐17 induced microglia activation with high expression of iNOS and promoted the development of retinal vascular diseases. IL‐17‐dependent activation of the STAT3‐iNOS pathway was essentially required for microglia activation, which promoted endothelial cell growth and accelerated vascular leakage and leukostasis via IL‐6 in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our data provide novel mechanistic insights on microglia activation‐mediated retinopathy, unveil the specific role of IL‐17 on microglia, and define novel therapeutic targets for treating retinal vascular diseases.
Refugee life making: (Re)Centering the refugee narrative through feminist refugee epistemology
Authors: Saelua Natasha , Yi Varaxy , Na Vanessa S. , Museus Samuel D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUtilizing feminist refugee epistemology (FRE), this article explores the ways in which refugee youth and their parents engage their histories and enact their politics and desires as they negotiate their resettlement, education, and the pursuit of life in Colorado. Specifically, this article seeks to (re)center the researcher gaze from refugees as sites of trauma or as objects of rescue toward the everyday, intimate moments of life‐making. This study was conducted in partnership with a local community‐based organization focused on serving the local refugee population. Ten refugee youth, ages 13–17, and their parents (one parent for each student; N = 20) participated in semi‐structured interviews ranging from 45 to 60 minutes. Findings reveal how refugee mothers make life and, in doing so, support their children's educational pursuits. We consider the practical implications of this study to inform the creation of culturally responsive educational environments to support greater opportunities for these growing populations.
Interrogating Trauma: Hmong and Cambodian American identity and subjecthood
Authors: Kwan Yvonne Y. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn both popular media and scholarly studies, Southeast Asian Americans are often perceived as “unsuccessful” because of challenges associated with poverty, low educational attainment, and gang violence. While this argument can help debunk assumptions of the model minority myth, it also reifies deficiency—substituting one stereotype with another. This research interrogates the ethnic identity development of Hmong and Cambodian American college students in order to resist dominant narratives that employ statistics as a counter to the model minority myth. Hmong and Cambodian students are unique in that their experiences contribute to a larger theoretical intervention called “refugee subjecthood.” Contingent on individual‐ and family‐specific experiences, Hmong and Cambodian Americans develop unique identities—but, when those identities have a shared valence based upon commonalties of race, geography, or migration history, a subjecthood is produced. Refugee subjecthood is the phenomenon in which refugees collectively and individually create, enact, and challenge the subject positions in which they have been subjected to via social structures such as law and education. To better serve refugee students, higher education practitioners must better understand the complex and sometimes contradictory ways in which individual identities and collective subjecthood affect aspirations for and retention in higher education.
Survival impact of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists in head and neck cancer
Authors: Stokes William A. , Molina Elizabeth , McDermott Jessica D. , Morgan Rustain L. , Bickett Thomas , Fakhoury Kareem R. , Amini Arya , Karam Sana D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreclinical evidence suggests a link between the renin‐angiotensin system and oncogenesis. We aimed to explore the impact of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) in head and neck cancer (HNC).MethodsOver 5000 patients were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare linked dataset and categorized according to ACEi and ARB and diagnoses of chronic kidney disease (CKD) or hypertension (HTN). Overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) were compared using Cox multivariable regression (MVA), expressed as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).ResultsNo significant MVA associations for OS or CSS were found for ACEi. Compared to patients with CKD/HTN taking ARB, those with CKD/HTN not taking ARB experienced worse OS (HR 1.28, 95%CI 1.09–1.51, p = 0.003) and CSS (HR 1.23, 95%CI 1.00–1.50, p = 0.050).ConclusionsARB usage is associated with improved OS and CSS among HNC patients with CKD or HTN.
Surgical interventions for management of benign parotid tumors: Systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Mashrah Mubarak Ahmed , Al‐Sharani Hesham Mohammed , Al‐Aroomi Maged Ali , Abdelrehem Ahmed , Aldhohrah Taghrid , Wang Liping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe impact of the extent of parotid surgery on postoperative complications has long been considered a topic of controversy. The aim of the current network meta‐analysis (NMA) is to answer the following questions: (1) Does the extent of surgical resection of benign parotid tumors increase the risk of postoperative complications? (2) What is the best surgical intervention for treatment of benign parotid tumors that can provide an acceptable balance between tumor recurrence rate and other postoperative complications? A comprehensive search on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane library was conducted to identify the eligible studies. The outcome was the incidence of tumor recurrence, facial nerve weakness (temporary [TFW] or permanent [PFP]), Frey's syndrome (FS), sialocele, and salivary fistula. The Bayesian network meta‐analysis (NMA) accompanied by a random effect model and 95% credible intervals (CrI) were calculated using the GeMTC R package. Forty‐four studies with a total of 7841 participants were included in the current NMA comparing five surgical interventions, namely enucleation, extracapsular dissection (ECD), partial superficial parotidectomy (PSP), superficial parotidectomy (SP), and total parotidectomy (TP). Enucleation showed the highest recurrence rate compared to ECD, SPS, SP, and TP. No statistical differences were observed concerning the recurrence rate when ECD, PSP, SP, and TP were compared together. There was an increased incidence of TFW and FS with the increase in the extent of parotid resection, while no significant difference was found when comparing enucleation with ECD and PSP. SP showed the highest incidence of PFP, and salivary fistula compared to ECD, PSP, and TP. The tumor recurrence rates in enucleation, ECD, PSP, SP, and TP were 14.3%, 3.6%, 3.7%, 2.8%, and 1.4%, respectively. The current NMA demonstrated that the risk of TFW and FS increases with the increase in the extent of parotid resection and that ECD and PSP can be considered the treatment of choice for benign parotid tumors, as both provide an acceptable balance between the incidence of tumor recurrence and facial nerve dysfunction.
Analytical estimation of energy dissipations: Viscous, Joulian, and Darcy of viscoelastic fluid flow phenomena over a deformable surface
Authors: Bhukta D. , Dash G. C. , Mishra S. R. , Jena S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, analytical estimation of energy dissipations, such as viscous, Joulian, and Darcy dissipation of viscoelastic flow phenomena over a deformable surface has been presented. This supplement to the study of many transport processes, which occur in nature, and various experimental setups that are driven or modified by the composition of the various flow characteristics and material or phase constitution. These processes are very important and have received considerable attention in the literature. The estimation of dissipative energy in the process of transport energy is an important phenomenon to investigate. The present analysis is carried out on steady MHD viscoelastic liquid due to deformable domains. Moreover, the impact of internal heat sources and prescribed thermal conditions, such as surface temperature and heat flux, are carefully studied. Analytical solutions to governing equations are obtained with the help of Kummer's function. The solutions are presented graphically as well as in tables to estimate the energy losses and their effects on transport processes, which serve as the salient features of the current analysis. The outcomes serve as a guideline due to the process of transport properties as per the design requirements. Looking into the current scenario, dissipative heat energies have several applications in industries and technological processes, such as electric heaters, fuses, food processing, and several others.
Stochastische Zusammenhänge ausgewählter Beschaffenheitsparameter bei der Aufbereitung von Talsperrenwasser zu Trinkwasser
Authors: Kermer K. , Röske I. 
Published: July 2021

Statistische Zusammenhänge zwischen den Gütekriterien CSV‐Mn, UV‐Transmission, ges, Kohlenstoff, Trübung und Plankton bei der Mehrschichtfiltration von weichem Talsperrenwasser sowie Fehlerquellen bei der Auswertung des Datenmaterials nach der Methode der linearen Regression werden behandelt.Die Regressionsfunktionen und Korrelationskoeffizienten für Reinwasser sowie Roh‐ und Reinwasser werden für mehrere Versuchsreihen angegeben.
Nitratbestimmung im Trinkwasser nach dem flow‐stream‐Prinzip mittels einer ionensensitiven Meßzelle
Authors: Tietz U. , Grünke U. , Krause I. 
Published: July 2021

Beschrieben wird eine automatisierte Methode zur Bestimmung des Nitrats in Trinkwässern mittels einer ionensensitiven Meßzelle. Mit dem vorgestellten Verfahren können 80 Proben pro Stunde auf ihren Nitratgehalt im Konzentrationsbereich von 1,5 · 10–5 bis 1,0 · 10–3 Mol/l analysiert werden.Der Aufbau der Automateneinheit, der Durchflußmeßzelle, sowie das Meßprinzip weiden erläutert.
Modellierung der Zwickauer Mulde ‐ Beschreibungsmodelle
Authors: Gnauck A. , Reissig H. , Wernstedt J. , Winkler W. , Beyer J. 
Published: July 2021

Für die Fließstrecke der Zwickauer Mulde zwischen den Pegeln Zwickau‐Pölbitz und Göhren werden statische und dynamische Beschreibungsmodelle angegeben, die anhand kontinuierlich gewonnener Meßwerte von Einflußgrößen der Wasserbeschaffenheit mit einem Diskretisierungsabstand von Δt = 2 h gebildet wurden. Neben den statistischen Auswertungen werden rekursiv geschätzte Sauerstoffmodelle für den Pegel Göhren und für die gesamte Fließstrecke dargestellt.
Cognitive decline is associated with an accelerated rate of bone loss and increased fracture risk in women: a prospective study from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study
Authors: Bliuc Dana , Tran Thach , Adachi Jonathan D. , Atkins Gerald J. , Berger Claudie , van den Bergh Joop , Cappai Roberto , Eisman John A. , van Geel Tineke , Geusens Piet , Goltzman David , Hanley David A. , Josse Robert , Kaiser Stephanie , Kovacs Christopher S. , Langsetmo Lisa , Prior Jerilynn C. , Nguyen Tuan V. , Solomon Lucian B. , Stapledon Catherine , Center Jacqueline R. ,   For the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos) Research Group
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Cognitive decline and osteoporosis often coexist and some evidence suggests a causal link. However, there are no data on the longitudinal relationship between cognitive decline, bone loss and fracture risk, independent of aging. This study aimed to determine the association between: (i) cognitive decline and bone loss; and (ii) clinically significant cognitive decline (≥3 points) on Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) over the first 5 years and subsequent fracture risk over the following 10 years. A total of 1741 women and 620 men aged ≥65 years from the population-based Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study were followed from 1997 to 2013. Association between cognitive decline and (i) bone loss was estimated using mixed-effects models; and (ii) fracture risk was estimated using adjusted Cox models. Over 95% of participants had normal cognition at baseline (MMSE ≥ 24). The annual % change in MMSE was similar for both genders (women −0.33, interquartile range [IQR] −0.70 to +0.00; and men −0.34, IQR: −0.99 to 0.01). After multivariable adjustment, cognitive decline was associated with bone loss in women (6.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2% to 9.9% for each percent decline in MMSE from baseline) but not men. Approximately 13% of participants experienced significant cognitive decline by year 5. In women, fracture risk was increased significantly (multivariable hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.34). There were too few men to analyze. There was a significant association between cognitive decline and both bone loss and fracture risk, independent of aging, in women. Further studies are needed to determine mechanisms that link these common conditions. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Epilepsy, violence, and crime. A historical analysis
Authors: Gyimesi Júlia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the 19th and early 20th century, epilepsy was one of the most investigated disorders in forensic psychiatry and psychology. The possible subsidiary symptoms of epilepsy (such as temporal confusion, alterations of consciousness, or increased aggression) played pivotal roles in early forensic and criminal psychological theories that aimed to underscore the problematic medical, social and legal status of epileptic criminals. These criminals were considered extremely violent and capable of committing sudden, brutal acts. Although the theory of “epileptic criminality” was refuted due to 20th‐century developments in medicine, forensic psychiatry, and criminal psychology, some suppositions related to the concept of epileptic personality have lingered. This paper explores the lasting influence of the theory of epileptic personality by examining the evolution of the theories of epileptic criminality both in the international and the Hungarian context. Specifically, it calls attention to the twentieth‐century revival of the theory of epileptic personality in the works of Leopold Szondi, István Benedek and Norman Geschwind. The paper shows that the issue of epileptic personality still lingers in neuropsychology. In doing so, biological reductionist trends in medical‐psychological thinking are traced, and attention is drawn to questions that arise due to changing cultural and medical representations.
What is the optimum time to start antiretroviral therapy in people with HIV and tuberculosis coinfection? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Burke Rachael M , Rickman Hannah M , Singh Vindi , Corbett Elizabeth L , Ayles Helen , Jahn Andreas , Hosseinipour Mina C , Wilkinson Robert J , MacPherson Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHIV and tuberculosis are frequently diagnosed concurrently. In March 2021, World Health Organization recommended that antiretroviral therapy (ART) should be started within two weeks of tuberculosis treatment start, at any CD4 count. We assessed whether earlier ART improved outcomes in people with newly diagnosed HIV and tuberculosis.MethodsWe did a systematic review by searching nine databases for trials that compared earlier ART to later ART initiation in people with HIV and tuberculosis. We included studies published from database inception to 12 March 2021. We compared ART within four weeks versus ART more than four weeks after TB treatment, and ART within two weeks versus ART between two and eight weeks, and stratified analysis by CD4 count. The main outcome was death; secondary outcomes included IRIS and AIDS‐defining events. We pooled effect estimates using random effects meta‐analysis.Results and discussionWe screened 2468 abstracts, and identified nine trials. Among people with all CD4 counts, there was no difference in mortality by earlier ART (≤4 week) versus later ART (>4 week) (risk difference [RD] 0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] −2% to +1%). Among people with CD4 count ≤50 cells/mm3, earlier ART (≤4 weeks) reduced risk of death (RD −6%, −10% to −1%). Among people with all CD4 counts earlier ART (≤4 weeks) increased the risk of IRIS (RD +6%, 95% CI +2% to +10%) and reduced the incidence of AIDS‐defining events (RD −2%, 95% CI −4% to 0%). Results were similar when trials were restricted to the four trials which permitted comparison of ART within two weeks to ART between two and eight weeks. Trials were conducted between 2004 and 2014, before recommendations to treat HIV at any CD4 count or to rapidly start ART in people without TB. No trials included children or pregnant women. No trials included integrase inhibitors in ART regimens.DiscussionEarlier ART did not alter risk of death overall among people living with HIV who had TB disease. For logistical and patient preference reasons, earlier ART initiation for everyone with TB and HIV may be preferred to later ART.
Seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies among rural healthcare workers
Authors: Neises Jordan Z. , Hossain Md. Saddam , Sultana Rifat , Wanniarachchi Kevin N. , Wollman Jared W. , Nelson Eric , Specker Bonny L. , Hoppe Adam D. , Lawson Steven R. , Thiex Natalie W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of this longitudinal cohort study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in healthcare workers employed at healthcare settings in three rural counties in eastern South Dakota and western Minnesota from May 13, 2020, through December 22, 2020. Three blood draws were performed at five clinical sites and tested for the presence of antibodies against the SARS‐CoV‐2. Serum samples were tested for the presence of antibodies using a fluorescent microsphere immunoassay (FMIA), neutralization of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike‐pseudotyped particles (SARS‐CoV‐2pp) assay, and serum virus neutralization (SVN) assay. The seroprevalence was determined to be 1/336 (0.29%) for samples collected from 5/13/20 to 7/13/20, 5/260 (1.92%) for samples collected from 8/13/20 to 9/25/20, and 35/235 (14.89%) for samples collected from 10/16/20 to 12/22/20. Eight of the 35 (22.8%) seropositive individuals identified in the final draw did not report a previous diagnosis with COVID‐19. There was a high correlation (>90%) between the FMIA and virus neutralization assays. Each clinical site's seroprevalence was higher than the cumulative incidence for the general public in the respective county as reported by state public health agencies. As of December 2020, there was a high percentage (85%) of seronegative individuals in the study population.
Graph‐based local climate classification in Iran
Authors: Akrami Neda , Ziarati Koorush , Dev Soumyabrata 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a novel graph‐based method to classify the regions with similar climate in a local area. We refer our proposed method as graph partition based method (GPBM). Our proposed method attempts to overcome the shortcomings of the current state‐of‐the‐art methods in the literature. It has no limit on the number of variables that can be used and also preserves the nature of climate data. To illustrate the capability of our proposed algorithm, we benchmark its performance with other state‐of‐the‐art climate classification techniques. The climate data are collected from 24 synoptic stations in Fars province in southern Iran. The data include seven climate variables stored as time series from 1951 to 2017. Our results exhibit that our proposed method performs a more realistic climate classification with less computational time. It can save more information during the climate classification process and is therefore efficient in further data analysis. Furthermore, using our method, we can introduce seasonal graphs to better investigate seasonal climate changes. To the best of our knowledge, our proposed method is the first graph‐based climate classification system.
Handgrip strength stratifies the risk of covert and overt hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Miwa Takao , Hanai Tatsunori , Nishimura Kayoko , Maeda Toshihide , Ogiso Yui , Imai Kenji , Suetsugu Atsushi , Takai Koji , Shiraki Makoto , Shimizu Masahito 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHandgrip strength (HGS) is a simple and convenient method to assess nutrition status in patients with cirrhosis. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the utility of HGS for predicting patients with covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) and patients at high risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE).MethodsWe reviewed 963 patients with cirrhosis and consequently enrolled eligible 270 patients. HGS was measured using a digital grip dynamometer. CHE was diagnosed using a computer‐aided neuropsychiatric test. Factors associated with CHE were estimated using the logistic regression model. Predictors associated with OHE occurrence were analyzed using the Fine‐Gray competing risk regression model.ResultsOf the 270 eligible patients, reduced HGS was observed in 102 (38%), reduced muscle mass in 107 (40%), and CHE in 53 (20%). Multivariate analysis showed that serum ammonia levels (odds ratio [OR], 2.23; 95% CI, 1.14–4.36; P = 0.014) and reduced HGS (OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.93–7.03; P < 0.001) were independently associated with CHE. During the median follow‐up period of 24.5 months, 43 (16%) patients experienced OHE. After adjusting for possible confounding factors, multivariate analysis showed that reduced HGS (subdistribution hazard ratio, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.27–4.38; P = 0.007) was a significant predictor in the development of OHE.ConclusionPatients with reduced HGS had a higher prevalence of CHE and a higher risk for OHE occurrence than those with normal HGS. The measurement of HGS could be a simple bedside modality to stratify the patients’ risk for CHE and OHE.