bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a methodological approach for the computational investigation of the coolant flow in the process of the sodium cooled reactor cooldown
Authors: Didenko Denis V. , Baluyev Dmitry Ye. , Nikanorov Oleg L. , Rogozhkin Sergey A. , Shepelev Sergey F. , Aksenov Andrey A. , Zhestkov Maksim N. , Shchelyaev Aleksandr Ye. 
Published: March 2021

A methodological approach has been developed for the computational investigation of the thermal-hydraulic processes taking place in a sodium cooled fast neutron reactor based on a Russian computational fluid dynamics code, FlowVision. The approach takes into account the integral layout of the reactor primary circuit equipment and the peculiarities of heat exchange in the liquid metal coolant, and makes it possible to model, using well-defined simplifications, the heat and mass exchange in the process of the coolant flowing through the reactor core, and the reactor heat-exchange equipment. Specifically, the methodological approach can be used for justification of safety during the reactor cooldown, as well as for other computational studies which require simulation of the integral reactor core and heat-exchange equipment.
The paper presents a brief overview of the methodological approaches developed earlier to study the liquid metal cooled reactor cooldown processes. General principles of these approaches, as well as their advantages and drawbacks have been identified.
A three-dimensional computational model of an advanced reactor has been developed, including one heat-exchange loop (a fourth part of the reactor). It has been demonstrated that the FlowVision gap model can be applied to model the space between the reactor core fuel assemblies (interwrapper space), and a porous skeleton model can be used to model the reactor’s heat-exchange equipment. It has been shown that the developed methodological approach is applicable to solving problems of the coolant flow in different operating modes of liquid metal cooled reactor facilities.
La place de la différenciation dans la préparation de cours d’enseignants de cycle 3
Authors: Doelrasad Aurélie 
Published: March 2021

Cet article s’inscrit dans la continuité de la recherche sur le travail enseignant. En adoptant une approche par l’expérience subjective du travail, nous mettons au jour la place occupée par la différenciation pédagogique dans l’enseignement de l’écriture lors de la préparation de cours d’enseignants de cycle 3. L’étude révèle que, malgré des différences nettes entre le premier et le second degré dans le travail réalisé en classe, la différenciation est bien présente dans la préparation de cours de tous les enseignants et est unanimement reconnue comme une façon de bien faire son travail. Un paradoxe est alors mis en évidence et interrogé : chez les enseignants du secondaire, la différenciation pédagogique est présente dans la préparation, mais pas dans les pratiques de classe.
Effect of tranexamic acid on the treatment of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Bashiri Homayoon , Hamzeii Mehdi , Bozorgomid Arezoo 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
To determine the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in the management of acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding.

Methods:
A total of 70 patients with acute upper GI bleeding were included in this double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial from September 2018 to December 2018. Patients were divided into the control group (received fluid therapy and intravenous infusion of pantoprazole, 35 cases) and the TXA group (received intravenous TXA besides the treatment of control group, 35 cases). Rebleeding, admission duration, and need for blood transfusion were compared between the two groups.

Results:
Fifteen patients (42.9%) in the TXA group and 10 patients (28.6%) in the control group stayed in hospital for more than 3 days during their admission (P=0.21). Rebleeding occurred in 8 patients (22.9%) and 5 patients (14.3%) of the TXA group and the control group, respectively (P=0.35). More patients in the TXA group (21 cases, 60%) received blood transfusion than the control group (8 cases, 22.9%) (P=0.02).

Conclusions:
TXA did not improve the outcome of patients with acute upper GI bleeding.
Non-small-cell lung cancer metastasis to unusual sites
Authors: Ganguly Sandip , Ghosh Joydeep , Gehani Anisha , Basu Archisman , Chatterjee Meheli , Dabkara Deepak , Biswas Bivas 
Published: March 2021

Background:
The majority of all lung cancers are non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). They usually spread to the pleura, brain, adrenal gland, lungs, liver, and bones. However, clinical data for NSCLC metastasizing to unusual sites are sparse in the literature.

Objectives:
We aimed to assess the pattern of metastases to unusual sites and evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics, treatment details, and outcomes of patients with NSCLC.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective case series was conducted in the Department of Medical Oncology of a tertiary cancer center in Eastern India between May 2011 and December 2018. Patients with cytologically or biopsy-proven treatment-naive stage IV NSCLC were included in this audit. Sites other than the pleura, brain, adrenal gland, lung, liver, and bones were considered as unusual sites of metastases. Clinicopathological characteristics, site of metastases, treatment details, and outcomes were recorded. Data were described using descriptive statistics, survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier analysis, and log-rank test was used to determine survival estimates.

Results:
A total of 1549 patients with metastatic NSCLC were registered, of which 121 (7.8%) had metastases to unusual sites. The median age of the cohort was 72 years (range, 19–87 years), and the male:female ratio was 7:1. The most common site of unusual metastasis was the skin with soft tissue, followed by the kidney; metastasis to these sites was seen in 31 (2%) and 26 (1.6%) patients, respectively. Systemic chemotherapy was given to 67 (55.3%) patients. At a median follow-up of 11.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.8–17.5), the median progression-free survival of the cohort was 5.9 months (95% CI, 3.8–9.1).

Conclusions:
In <10% of the patients, NSCLC can spread to unusual sites, most commonly to the skin/soft tissue and the kidney. A detailed discussion with the radiologists is necessary to distinguish NSCLC that has metastasized to unusual sites from second primary tumors and to avoid unnecessary tissue biopsies from these areas.
Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use in older Indian patients with cancer
Authors: Noronha Vanita , Ramaswamy Anant , Gattani Shreya Chandrashekhar , Castelino Renita , Krishnamurthy Manjunath Nookala , Menon Nandini , Patil Vijay M. , Gota Vikram S. , Banavali Shripad , Prabhash Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Polypharmacy and the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are important issues in older patients with cancer.

Objectives:
We aimed to study the prevalence of polypharmacy, and the use of PIMs, including the peri-chemotherapy supportive care regimens in older Indian patients with cancer.

Materials and Methods:
This was an analysis of a prospective observational study of patients aged 60 years and over with a diagnosis of malignancy who were assessed in the geriatric oncology clinic at the Tata Memorial Hospital (Mumbai, India). Patients on five or more medications were considered to have polypharmacy; excessive polypharmacy was defined as ten or more medications and PIMs were defined and categorized according to the Beers criteria.

Results:
Between June 2018 and October 2020, 285 patients were enrolled in the study. Polypharmacy was noted in 55% of the patients and excessive polypharmacy in 13%. Polypharmacy was noted in 70% of the patients with lung cancer, compared to 45% for other malignancies, P < 0.001. Unindicated medications such as vitamins and calcium were being taken by 20% of the patients and 23% were taking alternative medications (ayurvedic/homeopathic/naturopathic). Eighty percent of the patients were taking PIMs, commonly proton-pump inhibitors (33%) and tramadol (30%). The median number of PIMs was 2 (interquartile range, 1–2). Of the peri-chemotherapy supportive care medications, 53% were potentially inappropriate, commonly intravenous antihistamines in 39%, histamine H2 blockers in 15%, and steroids in 12%.

Conclusions:
Polypharmacy and PIM use are common problems in older Indian patients with cancer. Recognizing the problem and taking steps to ensure safe medication prescription practices should be a priority.
Economic and non-economic burden of cancer
Authors: Goyanka Roopali 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Cancer affects the well-being not only of the patients but also of the other members of the household.

Objectives:
In this study, we assessed the nature and magnitude of the economic and non-economic burden on patients with cancer and their families due to the inpatient and outpatient cancer care.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted using the secondary data from the 75th round of the National Sample Survey Organization survey on health and morbidity, titled “Social Consumption: Health,” for the year 2017–2018. The burden of cancer on individuals was assessed in terms of the health-care expenditure and utilization of inpatient and outpatient cancer treatment. At the household level, cancer burden was assessed in terms of per person health-care expenditure, impact on the standard of living, strategies adopted for financing the health-care expenditure, and utilization of and expenditure on health-care by other members of the family. Propensity score matching was used to generate matched data separately for inpatient and outpatient cases and at individual and household levels to control for confounders. The difference in the burden between the matched cancer-affected and unaffected individuals/households was estimated using the average treatment effect.

Results:
For the year 2017–2018, data were available for a total of 113,823 households with 555,352 individuals across India. The mean out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) for a patient with cancer exceeded that of patients with other chronic diseases by 2895 for each outpatient visit and 52393 for each inpatient admission. The mean length of the hospital stay due to cancer was found to be 7 days longer than that due to any other chronic disease. The per person inpatient health-care expenditure for the other members of a cancer-affected household was 11,000 less than that of other members of the unaffected households. More than 50% of households with cancer patients had to borrow money to pay for inpatient care compared to control households. The share of OOPE for outpatient care in the monthly consumption expenditure of a cancer-affected household was twice as high as that of an unaffected household. Moreover, the number of outpatient visits for other ailing persons in a cancer-affected household was one-fourth that of an unaffected household.

Conclusion:
Cancer imposes an immense economic and non-economic burden on affected individuals and households. Therefore, there is a need to design appropriate health-care strategies for providing optimal financial support to patients with cancer.
Intervention of A Personalized Low-Carbohydrate Diet to Reduce HbA1c Level and Weight in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Using Seed-Based Flour as Replacement for High-Carbohydrate Flour and Foods
Authors: Saboo Banshi , Phatak Sanjeev , Jethwani Pratap , Patel Rohan , Hasnani Dhruvi , Panchal Dharmendra , Shah Smita , Raval Vaishnavi , Dave Roma , Mishra Anurag 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Globally, 425 million individuals were living with diabetes in 2017, and the numbers are expected to rise to 693 million by 2045. India, with more than 72 million people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in 2017, was reported to have the second largest population of individuals living with T2DM (https://www.diabetesatlas.org/upload/resources/previous/files/8/IDF_DA_8e-EN-final.pdf). The traditional Indian diet is heavily dependent on carbohydrates, and this acts as an obstacle for diabetes control. Carbohydrate restriction is associated with improvements in glycemic control and a reduction in the risk of the worsening of the disease and its complications.

Objective:
We investigate the real-world effectiveness of personalized carbohydrate reduction by using seed-based flour (sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, watermelon seeds, soya, and flaxseeds) with high-carbohydrate grain-based flour in the food along with remote health coach support for patients on the high glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and weight loss of patients.

Materials and Methods:
This study is a nonrandomized outpatient intervention focusing on adults with T2DM. With their consent, patients were enrolled from four clinics across Gujarat, Ahmedabad. The key inclusion criteria focused on patients with Hba1c between 7 and 10 with a body mass index more than 25 kg/m2 from 21 to 60 years of age. The key exclusion criteria were patients with advanced renal, cardiac, or liver dysfunction, pregnancy or planned pregnancy, historical ketoacidosis problems, and patients on SGLT2 inhibitors or pre-mix insulin. The intervention was personalized carbohydrate restriction. Patients were advised to avoid high-carbohydrate food categories such as grains, sugars, and high-carbohydrate fruits. They were advised to take seeds and nuts-based flour, nonstarchy vegetables, sprouts, and berries family fruits. Patients were also provided with recipes and options for all meals of the day. No restriction was made on the intake on nonstarchy vegetables. Patients were also provided with Diahappy Health's Health coach to constantly provide remote support to resolve queries and doubts through phones.

Duration of Study:
For each participant, the study was carried out for 12 weeks at a stretch.

Benefits:
The study demonstrates an average 2.34% drop in HbA1c levels in participants who completed the program. There was also an average weight drop of 9 kg achieved in the participants.
Inovasi Pelayanan Administrasi Nikah Terintegrasi di Kantor Urusan Agama Kecamatan Enam Lingkung Kabupaten Padang Pariaman
Authors: Alindro Nugi , Kusdarini Kusdarini , Putera Roni Ekha 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of this study to describe the Integrated Marriage Administration Service Innovation (PANTER) by KUA Kecamatan Enam Lingkung, Padang Pariaman. Public service innovation doesn’t not require a something new, but can be a new approach in contextual at the sense that innovation not limited from there are ideas and practicies of innovation but can be in the form of innovation resulting from expansion or quality improvement of existing innovations. This research is using descriptive approach by qualitative methods. Technique of collecting the data was by interview and documentation.This study is motivated by good will from Head of KUA Kecamatan Enam Lingkung to make easier community of Enam Lingkung District to get some documents and to assist Disduckcapil Kabupaten Padang Pariaman in orderly administration. The result of this study is PANTER helped community to obtaining marriage documents and population documents like Nationality ID, Family Register, and Nationality Health Insurance without spending money and time. However, there are still some problem faced by the community and PANTER officer, such as lack of facilities and infrastructure, lack of PANTER officer and unstable internet networks.
EŞ‘ARÎ EKOLÜNDE ALLAH TASAVVURU
Authors: ÇINAR Bayram 
Published: March 2021

Özet
Bu çalışma Eş‘arî mezhebinin, tanrı tasavvurunu sunmayı amaçlar. İslam dindarlığının teolojik anlayışının alandaki yaygınlığı sebebiyle belirleyen Eş‘arî ekolün Allah tasavvuru, Müslümanlar arasındaki Allah tasavvurunu da ortaya çıkaracak bir öneme sahiptir. Çünkü Mu‘tezile sonrası dönemdeki biçimi ile İslam Kelam tarihi, bir yönüyle Eş‘arî ekolünün tarihidir. Eş‘arî kendi yaşamının önemli bir bölümünü Mu‘tezile mezhebi içerisinde geçirmiş, fakat muhtemelen bu ekolün teolojik yorumlarını kendisi için yeterli görmeyerek bu mezhepten ayrılmış ve kendi mezhebini kurmuştur. Onun Mu‘tezile ekolünün diyalektiğine olan yakınlığı, onların terminolojisine ilişkin bilgisi, kendi teolojik çabalarında görülür. Buna ek olarak, o Mu‘tezile'ye kendi ekolü içerisinde “öteki” olarak ele almış, kendisine karşı söylem geliştirilen ekol olarak yer vermiştir. Dolayısıyla Eş‘arî ekole ilişkin her teolojik çalışma bir yönüyle de Mu‘tezilî bir çalışmadır. Daha anlaşılır bir ifade ile Eş‘arî ekole ilişkin her araştırmanın bir Mu‘tezilî okuma olduğu da bu yüzden söylenebilir.
Çalışmamızda yalnızca Eş‘arî ekole ilişkin değerlendirmelere yer verilmiş, mümkün olduğunca diğer ekollerin değerlendirmelerinden kaçınılmıştır. Çalışmada Gazzâlî’nin doktrine ilişkin değerlendirmeleri ise öne çıkmıştır. Bunun nedeni onun konuya ilişkin yoğun ve yaygın materyali eserlerinde bulundurması ile sınırlıdır.
ÇAĞDAŞ SERAMİK SANATINDA FARKLI MALZEME KULLANIMI
Authors: YILDIRIM Burak 
Published: March 2021

Tarih öncesi çağlardan beri süregelen seramik üretiminde ortalama 20. yüzyıldan itibaren çağdaş yönelimler başlamış, önceleri yeme-içme-saklama kapları ve birtakım dinsel seramikler, figüratif heykelcikler üretilen salt seramik malzeme ile giderek artan şekilde estetik kaygı ve sanatsal gaye arayışında olan formlar/eserler üretilmeye başlanmıştır.
Yaşadığımız çağda seramik eserlerin üretim aşamalarında; sonradan somut varlığı üzerinde kalmayacak, sadece izi/dokusu/etkisi kalacak olan dâhili farklı malzemeler kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Ayrıca yine seramik eserlerin üretim aşamalarında ya da sonradan somut varlığı kalacak olan harici farklı malzemeler kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Günümüzde seramik eser üretiminde, öğütülerek/parçalanarak şekillendirme yapılacak çamur içerisine katılan; kemik tozu/külü, hayvan tüyleri/kılları, kağıt türevleri, odun talaşı, kumaş parçaları gibi malzemeler ve özellikle döküm çamuruna batırılarak ya da üzerine çamur kaplanarak, çamurun ona özgü şekli/dokuyu alması sağlanan kumaş, sünger, örgü vb. tekstil malzemeler, seramik sanatında dâhili farklı malzeme kullanımına örnek olarak verilebilir. Ayrıca seramik forma çoğunlukla deri sertliği aşamasında doku vermek, dekor yapmak, iz bırakmak amacıyla kullanılan dantel/örgü ve bitki yaprakları gibi organik ya da inorganik her türlü malzemeler dâhili farklı malzeme kullanımı tanımlaması kapsamına alınabilir. Seramik esere üretim aşamalarında veya sırlı fırın aşamasından sonra eklenen demir talaşı, metal, taş, ağaç, ahşap, tekstil, ışık, video, ekran vb. her türlü somut farklı malzemelerde seramik sanatında harici farklı malzeme kullanımına örnek gösterilebilir.
Günümüz çağdaş seramik sanatında; dâhili ve harici olarak belirtilen her iki farklı malzeme kullanım şekli de oldukça yaygındır. Ancak harici farklı malzeme kullanımının, giderek artan şekilde daha çok ön plana çıktığı söylenebilir. Bu araştırmada çağdaş seramik sanatında farklı malzeme kullanımı konusu irdelenerek konu ile ilgili bazı çağdaş sanatçıların örnek niteliğinde olduğu düşünülen eserlerinin tanıtımına yer verilecektir.
marcel duchamp ve gunahı
Authors: SELÇUK Evren 
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı Dadanın temsilcilerinden Marcel Duchamp’ın radikal sanat anlayışının; kendisinden sonraki sanatı nasıl etkilediğini ve günümüz sanat üretimlerinde yarattığı olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla I. Dünya savaşı yıllarında ortaya çıkan bir akım olan Dada’nın sanat anlayışı ve sanatçı profili, buna bağlı olarak Dada’nın ilk akla gelen isimlerinden biri olan Marcel Duchamp’ın üretme ve düşünme pratiği ve de Duchamp’ın üretimlerinin yarattığı etkiyle ortaya çıktığı ve ilişkili olduğu düşünülen tekrara dayalı ve yaratıcılıktan uzak olduğu ispat edilmeye çalışılan bazı örnekler üzerinde durulmuştur. Örnekler analiz edilirken -her defasında Duchamp’ı referans göstererek- Andy Warhol, Jeff Koons ve Yayoi Kusama’nın üretimlerinde nelerin görünür olduğuna, Duchamp’tan sonra birçok sanatçıda görülebilen aynının tekrarına dayalı biçim odaklı bir dil geliştirildiğine ve buna bağlı olarak her defasında kendini yineleyen ve dolayısıyla kısır hale gelen üretim alışkanlıklarının sanatsal söylemi çökerttiğine işaret edilmiştir.
Duchamp’ın sanatta birçok sınırı ortadan kaldırdığı, geleneksel kalıplara meydan okuduğu, üretme biçimlerine dair potansiyelleri arttırdığı, sanatta biriciklik, kutsallık gibi kültleri yıktığı ve aynı zamanda malzeme ve tekniğe dair yeni bir bakış açısı getirdiği görülmüştür. Böylece her şeyin sanat olabilme potansiyeli ve sonsuz bir özgürlük alanı ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak bu anlayış, -genelleme yapmak mümkün olmasa da- bugün sanatta tekrara dayalı ve sıradan bir dili beraberinde getirmiştir.
Bu anlamda bu makalede Duchamp önemli ve olumlu bir noktaya konulurken; “günah” bir metafor olarak kullanılmış ve o zamandan bugüne sanatın suçlusu olarak Duchamp’a işaret edilmiştir. Bu süreçte basılı ve elektronik kaynaklardan faydalanılmış, sanata ve tarihine dair çeşitli görüşlere yer verilmiş ve bazı ikonik sanat yapıtları üzerinde durulmuştur.
Network analysis of the effects of long non-coding RNAs in artemisinin treatment of atherosclerosis in APOE<sup>–/–</sup> mice
Authors: Qiao Zhao , Hongjiao Du , Xiaodong Li 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionAtherosclerosis has become a worldwide medical burden. Our previous studies have shown that artemisinin (ART) had the capability to reduce atherosclerosis. Emerging evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the development of atherosclerosis. However, whether lncRNAs might participate in the mechanism through which artemisinin mitigates atherosclerosis has not been reported.Material and methodsEight-week-old apolipoprotein E deficient (APOE–/–) mice were divided into two groups, one of which was treated with artemisinin. Red oil O staining was used to measure the sizes of the atherosclerotic lesions. We conducted deep sequencing to investigate lncRNA profiles in the aorta tissue in high-fat diet fed APOE knockdown mice with and without artemisinin treatment. CeRNA network, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were performed through bioinformatics analysis. RT-PCR was used to validate the differentially expressed lncRNAs.ResultsA total of 102 lncRNAs and 4,630 mRNAs were differentially expressed (p < 0.05) between the artemisinin treatment group and atherosclerosis model group. KEGG and GO analyses indicated that the categories metabolic process, specific amino acid degradation and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway are involved in the effects of artemisinin treatment in atherosclerosis (q < 0.05). LncRNA ENSMUST00000099676.4, ENSMUST00000143673.1, ENSMUST00000070085.5 and ENSMUST00000224554 might be engaged in the treatment mechanism through which artemisinin alleviates atherosclerosis.ConclusionsThese findings indicated the possible mechanism and therapeutic role of lncRNAs in artemisinin treatment of atherosclerosis and provided a theoretical basis for the future application of artemisinin in patients with atherosclerosis.