bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High patient acceptability but low coverage of provider-initiated HIV testing among adult outpatients with symptoms of acute infectious illness in coastal Kenya
Authors: Agutu Clara A. , Oduor Tony H. , Kombo Bernadette K. , Mugo Peter M. , Chira Salome M. , Ogada Fred W. , Rinke de Wit Tobias F. , Chege Wairimu , van der Elst Elise M. , Graham Susan M. , Sanders Eduard J. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Only approximately one in five adults are offered HIV testing by providers when seeking care for symptoms of acute illness in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our aims were to estimate testing coverage and identify predictors of provider-initiated testing and counselling (PITC) and barriers to PITC implementation in this population.

Methods
We assessed HIV testing coverage among adult outpatients 18–39 years of age at four public and two private health facilities in coastal Kenya, during a 3- to 6-month surveillance period at each facility. A subset of patients who reported symptoms including fever, diarrhoea, fatigue, body aches, sore throat or genital ulcers were enrolled to complete a questionnaire independently of PITC offer. We assessed predictors of PITC in this population using generalised estimating equations and identified barriers to offering PITC through focus group discussion with healthcare workers (HCW) at each facility.

Results
Overall PITC coverage was 13.7% (1600 of 11,637 adults tested), with 1.9% (30) testing positive. Among 1,374 participants enrolled due to symptoms, 378 (27.5%) were offered PITC and 352 (25.6%) were tested, of whom 3.7% (13) tested positive. Among participants offered HIV testing, 93.1% accepted it; among participants not offered testing, 92.8% would have taken an HIV test if offered. The odds of completed PITC were increased among older participants (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–2.1 for 30–39 years, relative to 18–24 years), men (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.7); casual labourers (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0–1.7); those paying by cash (aOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0–1.4) or insurance (aOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.5–5.8); participants with fever (aOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.8) or genital ulcers (aOR 4.0, 95% CI 2.7–6.0); and who had tested for HIV >1 year ago (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–2.0) or had never tested (aOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5–3.1). Provider barriers to PITC implementation included lack of HCW knowledge and confidence implementing guidelines, limited capacity and health systems constraints.

Conclusion
PITC coverage was low, though most patients would accept testing if offered. Missed opportunities to promote testing during care-seeking were common and innovative solutions are needed.
A novel method to retrieve alerts from a homegrown Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) system of an academic medical center: Comprehensive alert characteristic analysis
Authors: Chien Shuo-Chen , Chin Yen-Po (Harvey) , Yoon Chang Ho , Islam Md. Mohaimenul , Jian Wen-Shan , Hsu Chun-Kung , Chen Chun-You , Chien Po-Han , Li Yu-Chuan (Jack) 
Published: February 2021

Background
The collection and analysis of alert logs are necessary for hospital administrators to understand the types and distribution of alert categories within the organization and reduce alert fatigue. However, this is not readily available in most homegrown Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) systems.

Objective
To present a novel method that can collect alert information from a homegrown CPOE system (at an academic medical center in Taiwan) and conduct a comprehensive analysis of the number of alerts triggered and alert characteristics.

Methods
An alert log collector was developed using the Golang programming language and was implemented to collect all triggered interruptive alerts from a homegrown CPOE system of a 726-bed academic medical center from November 2017 to June 2018. Two physicians categorized the alerts from the log collector as either clinical or non-clinical (administrative).

Results
Overall, 1,625,341 interruptive alerts were collected and classified into 1,474 different categories based on message content. The sum of the top 20, 50, and 100 categories of most frequently triggered alerts accounted for approximately 80, 90 and 97 percent of the total triggered alerts, respectively. Among alerts from the 100 most frequently triggered categories, 1,266,818 (80.2%) were administrative and 312,593 (19.8%) were clinical alerts.

Conclusion
We have successfully developed an alert log collector that can serve as an extended function to retrieve alerts from a homegrown CPOE system. The insight generated from the present study could also potentially bring value to hospital system designers and hospital administrators when redesigning their CPOE system.
Comparing oculomotor efficiency and visual attention between drivers and non-drivers through the Adult Developmental Eye Movement (ADEM) test: A visual-verbal test
Authors: Gené-Sampedro Andrés , Alonso Francisco , Sánchez-Ramos Celia , Useche Sergio A. 
Published: February 2021

Objective
The objective of this study was to assess and compare drivers’ and non-drivers’ outcomes in the Adult Developmental Eye Movement test (ADEM), a visual-verbal test that measures the time needed to read series of numbers in both a vertical and horizontal reading pattern. A set of driving parameters (i.e., experience, risk exposure, and day and night perceived difficulty) and demographic variables (i.e., age, gender, and academic level) were considered as potential predictors of the test performance.

Methods
For this cross-sectional study, 302 healthy subjects (age range 20 to 86 years old) completed a self-reported questionnaire aimed at retrieving data on the independent variables, and underwent the ADEM in order to obtain the dependent outcomes. 214 (70.9%) of the participants were drivers. Non-parametric analyses and multilevel linear regression were used to assess differences between the variables and a prediction model. Also, some correlations were evaluated through the Spearman test.

Results
Drivers showed significantly better test performance than non-drivers. The age, driving experience, and perceived difficulty in driving at night were obtained as potential predictors of the test performance with the applied linear regression model.

Conclusion
The ADEM may be a practical, non-expensive, easy-to-apply tool in the assessment of drivers, useful for obtaining or renewing the driving license. This test may help in the detection of impairments in the saccadic efficiency that could have a detrimental effect on the driving performance.
Forecasting hand-foot-and-mouth disease cases using wavelet-based SARIMA–NNAR hybrid model
Authors: Yu Gongchao , Feng Huifen , Feng Shuang , Zhao Jing , Xu Jing 
Published: February 2021

Background
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease_(HFMD) is one of the most typical diseases in children that is associated with high morbidity. Reliable forecasting is crucial for prevention and control. Recently, hybrid models have become popular, and wavelet analysis has been widely performed. Better prediction accuracy may be achieved using wavelet-based hybrid models. Thus, our aim is to forecast number of HFMD cases with wavelet-based hybrid models.

Materials and methods
We fitted a wavelet-based seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA)–neural network nonlinear autoregressive (NNAR) hybrid model with HFMD weekly cases from 2009 to 2016 in Zhengzhou, China. Additionally, a single SARIMA model, simplex NNAR model, and pure SARIMA–NNAR hybrid model were established for comparison and estimation.

Results
The wavelet-based SARIMA–NNAR hybrid model demonstrates excellent performance whether in fitting or forecasting compared with other models. Its fitted and forecasting time series are similar to the actual observed time series.

Conclusions
The wavelet-based SARIMA–NNAR hybrid model fitted in this study is suitable for forecasting the number of HFMD cases. Hence, it will facilitate the prevention and control of HFMD.
Rethinking the History of Peptic Ulcer Disease: from digital textual analysis to declining research programs
Authors: Radomski Bartosz Michal , Šešelja Dunja , Naumann Kim 
Published: February 2021

The history of the research on peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is characterized by a premature abandonment of the bacterial hypothesis, which subsequently had its comeback, leading to the discovery of Helicobacter pylori the major cause of the disease. In this paper we examine the received view on this case, according to which the primary reason for the abandonment of the bacterial hypothesis of PUD in the mid-twentieth century was a large-scale study by a prominent gastroenterologist Palmer, which suggested no bacteria could be found in the human stomach. To this end, we employ the method of digital textual analysis and study the literature on the etiology of PUD published in the decade prior to Palmers article. Our ﬁndings suggest that the bacterial hypothesis of PUD had already been abandoned before the publication of Palmers paper, which challenges the widely held view that his study played a crucial role in the development of this episode.
The paper makes two main contributions to the literature in integrated history and philosophy of science. First, we suggest that the received narrative on this historical episode, commonly used by philosophers, needs to be revised. Second, we introduce the notion of a declining research program and argue for its importance as a unit of socio-epistemic analysis, especially in combination with normative assessments, such as pursuitworthiness of scientiﬁc theories.
Performance of different hybrid dispersion compensation modules (DCMs) in long reach ultra dense WDM passive optical networks
Authors: Sachdeva Shippu , Malhotra Jagjit , Kumar Manoj 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Long reach Passive optical network (LR-PON) is an attractive solution to fulfill the ever-increasing bandwidth requirements due to propelling internet applications and competent to serve distant optical network units (ONUs). Wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) PON systems experience distance and performance limiting constraint termed as Dispersion. In order to compensate dispersion effects, Fiber bragg gratings (FBGs) and Dispersion compensation fibers (DCFs) are incorporated extensively in PONs. Performance of DCF is better than FBG in terms of dispersion compensation, but it comes at the cost of 3 $/m (very expensive). Therefore, long reach ultra dense WDM-PON systems are needed with incorporation of economical and high performance DCMs. Three newly constructed hybrid DCMs are investigated such as FBG-DCF (module 1), OPC-DCF (module 2), and FBG-DCF-OPC (module 3) in WDM-PON to get optimal DCM in terms of dispersion compensation efficiency (DCE) and economical operation. As per author’s best knowledge, DCE calculations and performance enhancement with cost reduction using hybrid DCMs in ultra dense WDM-PON, is not reported so far. WDM-PON consists of 32 channels at 25 GHz channel spacing is analyzed for 300 km link distance at 10 Gbps/channel using different hybrid DCMs. It is perceived that highest DCE of 70% is given by module 3 with maximum cost reduction of 19.84%. DCE performance of three modules is as follows: Module 3 (DCE 70%), Module 1 (DCE 55%), Module 2 (DCE 45%) and cost reduction/increase from conventional module by 19.84% reduction (Module 3), 19.05% reduction (Module 1), and increase 10.5% (Module 2). Hence, Module 3 is preferred for long reach WDM-PON to get high performance with lesser cost.
Inter-individual behavioural variation in the crested porcupine
Authors: Mori Emiliano , Ferrari Caterina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, we investigated on the existence of personality in the crested porcupine in Central Italy by measuring variation and repeatability of three behavioural traits. Porcupines were captured through metal traps located around and in the immediate surroundings of the burrows. Then, they were manipulated and set free. Capture and handling were the experimental contexts where we measured exploration, proactivity and aggressiveness of each individual. Our results provided evidence for consistent inter-individual differences in the measured traits, with a high value of individual repeatability in aggressiveness and proactivity. The positive correlation between traits suggest the existence of a behavioural syndrome, with some individuals more aggressive and active with respect to others.
Nanocarriers in the Enhancement of Therapeutic Efficacy of Natural Drugs
Authors: Li Xiuling , Liang Shunung , Tan Chee Hwee , Cao Shuwen , Xu Xiaoding , Er Saw Phei , Tao Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Since time immemorial, plant derived natural products have been used for the treatment of various human diseases before the intervention of modern medicine. The basis of modern medicine is still being inspired from traditional medicine and therapies. However, despite their tremendous therapeutic potential, these natural drugs often have poor bioavailability, metabolic instability, and aqueous insolubility. These factors greatly impede a natural drug’s commercialization potential as a mainstream medicine. Therefore, the development of nanocarrier drug delivery systems is indispensable in overcoming the various constraints of the bottlenecks which occur with natural drugs. Of particular interest in this review are four plant materials endogenous to China with the common names of barrenwort or horny goat weed (Epimedium), Shu Di Huang (Rehmannia glutinosa, RG), ginseng (Panax ginseng), and Dong Quai or female ginseng (Angelica sinensis, AS), each having been scientifically investigated for a wide range of therapeutic uses as has been originally discovered from the long history of traditional usage and anecdotal information by local population groups in Asia. The integration of natural drugs from the East and nanocarrier drug delivery systems developed from the West is paving the way towards further accurate and efficient medicine therapy. We further discuss the potential benefits of these plants and the enhancement of their therapeutic efficacy by nanotechnology intervention.
Os efectos das infraestruturas humanas sobre a fauna galega de interese veterinario
Authors: Novo Piñeirúa Adrian , Moralejo Silva Rebeca , Pascual Soares Ana 
Published: February 2021

Nesta revisión exponse, de xeito resumido cales son os efectos das infraestruturas desenvolvidas polo home en Galiza (terra, mar e aire) sobre o benestar animal de diversas especies de interese veterinario. Estre traballo explora ademáis a eficacia de certas medidas para controlar os efectos negativos e as repercusións no medio ambiente de ditas infraestruturas.
Effect of silica fume on the hardened and durability properties of concrete
Authors: Jagan S. , Neelakantan T.R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper involves the study on the hardened and durability properties of the concrete at two different grades containing silica fume (SF) with various replacement percentages. Investigation on the performance of the SF was performed for M25 and M40 grades concrete with 0, 5, 10, and 15 % replacement levels at 7, 14, 28, and 90 days. The behavior of SF on the autogenous shrinkage of the concrete was studied for both the grades of concrete in the sealed (SC) and unsealed conditions (USC). The workability of the SF concrete was examined at various levels of replacement by the slump cone test. The hardened properties of the SF concrete were investigated through the estimation of compressive strength (CS) and elastic modulus (EM) at 7, 14, 28, and 90 days, respectively. Acid attack was conducted at 28 days and autogenous shrinkage of the SF concrete was investigated using length comparator at 28 day in SC and USC. Results indicate that upon increase in the percentage of SF, the hardened properties of the concrete increases at higher ages of curing and the shrinkage of the concrete tends to increase for both the grades of concrete.
Examination of the perceived and real environmental and health consciousness of students attending the University of Debrecen
Authors: Szűcs István , Gáthy Andrea Bauerné , Soltész Angéla , Mihály-Karnai Laura 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIncreasing food demand poses a challenge for the economy and places a burden on the environment. In agricultural food production, each product chain stage shows scarce resources and negative environmental impacts are becoming increasingly significant. Food consumption has a significant impact on the environment and on human health. Sustainable food consumption is characterised by health and environmental consciousness. This study focuses on the relationship between perceived and real consciousness – more specifically on environmental and health consciousness – concerning food consumption. Following a concise overview of the conceptual background, the definitions of conscious consumption, conscious food consumption, health conscious consumer and environmentally conscious consumer behaviour are explained based on the available literature. The primary research draws conclusions from the results of a 500-person questionnaire survey among the students attending the University of Debrecen on the relationship between perceived and real health and environmental consciousness regarding food consumption. It was concluded that environmental consciousness (10.0%) was less characteristic of students than health consciousness (18.2%); the relationship between perceived and real consciousness is significant; the role of price in determining food purchases is less pronounced for those claiming to be self-conscious food consumers than those who are neither health conscious, nor environmentally conscious.
Оценка риска стать инвалидом в России: опыт моделирования по данным лонгитюдного выборочного исследования
Authors: Кучмаева Оксана Викторовна , Калмыкова Наталья Михайловна , Колотуша Антон Васильевич 
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена моделированию риска инвалидности в России на основе микроданных. Необходимость оценки риска инвалидности обусловлена значительными масштабами процесса инвалидизации в России и его дифференциацией для социально-демографических групп населения. Цель исследования состоит в определении факторов, влияющих на риск наступления инвалидности в России. Сложность оценки риска инвалидности связана с отсутствием репрезентативных мониторинговых обследований инвалидности, а также данных о смертности лиц с инвалидностью, в том числе по возрастным группам и заболеваниям. Для моделирования риска стать инвалидом использовали данные «Российского мониторинга экономики и здоровья» (НИУ ВШЭ) за период с 2003 по 2018 г. Объем выборки составил более 125 тыс. респондентов, из которых 519 индивидов получили инвалидность. На основе регрессий Кокса была построена серия моделей выживания для оценки влияния социоэкономических факторов на риск для здорового человека стать инвалидом. Для расчетов использован программный пакет IBMSPSS 25.0. Наиболее заметно риск инвалидности растет для мужчин и для женщин после 50-летнего возраста и к возрасту 60 лет достигает 3-4%. Наблюдаются различия в риске стать инвалидом у мужчин и женщин, а также в зависимости от уровня образования, брачного статуса и местности проживания. Выявлено наличие значимого превышения риска стать инвалидом у представителей отдельных профессиональных групп. Наиболее высокий риск стать инвалидом II группы наблюдается у специалистов высшего и среднего уровня квалификации, офисных служащих и специалистов по работе с клиентами, работников сферы торговли и услуг, а также у квалифицированных работников сельского, лесного и рыбного хозяйства. Дифференциация риска получения инвалидности в пожилом возрасте обусловлена накопленными дефектами здоровья, в значительной части случаев связанными с профессиональной деятельностью, а также различным доступом к медицинским услугам и информации о получении инвалидности.
Identification of Putative Venom Proteins from Dastarcus helophoroides (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) Larvae, an Ectoparasitoid of Longhorned Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Li Xiaojuan , Dong Guangping , Fang Jianmin , Liu Hongjian , Guo Wanlin , Yin Huayang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) is a naturally occurring ectoparasitoid of wood-boring longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). To determine mechanisms involved in this host–parasitoid relationship, we extracted and partitioned the proteomes from neonate and the late-stage D. helophoroides larvae using iTRAQ-based HPLC-MS/MS analysis, followed by functional enrichment and protein–protein interaction analyses. In all, 50 putative venom proteins were identified from the proteome of D. helophoroides larvae. Of those, 19 were identified as arginine kinases, 10 were chitinases, and 21 were either proteases or protease inhibitors. These results serve as a major advance in understanding the parasitism mechanism of this ectoparasitoid, as well as the potential for developing environmentally safe chemistries based upon these venom proteins that might be used in cerambycid control in forest management.
CLINICAL AND LABORATORIAL RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW TOOTHPASTE WITH HYALURON-TI FORTE COMPLEX
Authors: Elovicova Tat'yana , Ermishina Elena , Ssablina Svetlana , Griroriev Sergey , Koshchev Anatoly 
Published: February 2021

Subject. Physical-chemical characteristics of the toothpaste Dentaswiss Extra Whitening and structural and optical parameters of mixed saliva before and after volunteer brushing.
Objectives. To evaluate physical-chemical characteristics of the new therapeutic and prophylactic toothpaste Dentaswiss Extra Whitening together with changes in structural and optical parameters of the effected mixed saliva.
Methodology. The composition and properties of the new therapeutic and prophylactic toothpaste Dentaswiss Extra Whitening are studied based on the results of physical and chemical analysis of three aqueous solutions (prepared with different concentrations) by measuring pH value, calcium ion concentration, electrical conductivity and surface tension. The study involved 32 student volunteers of both sexes (men — 11, women — 21) from the Ural State Medical University Faculty of Dentistry between the ages of 21 to 23 who were comprehensively examined including structural and optical parameters of mixed saliva before and after brushing.
Results. The average pH value is 7.91±0.01, the increased calcium ion (Са2+) level is found up to 2.25 mmol/l in all three aqueous suspensions (р≤0.05). Electrical conductivity of suspensions is found to be increased and surface tension is found to be reduced uniformly with the increase in mass fraction (р≤0.05).
Conclusion. The study of physical-chemical characteristics of the toothpaste Dentaswiss Extra showed positive changes in pH values, electrical conductivity and surface tension promoting the increased remineralizing properties of mixed saliva (р≤0.05).