bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SIMULAÇÃO EM VIDEOLAPAROSCOPIA: UMA INOVAÇÃO PARA ACADÊMICOS DE MEDICINA
Authors: Da Silva Soares Jarissa Mayara Ducarmo , Da Silva Soares Janderson , Mendes Ribeiro Marcelo 
Published: November 2021

RESUMO
Objetivo: desenvolver modelo de treinamento em vídeo-cirurgia, como fonte geradora de imagem para um aperfeiçoamento do acadêmico de medicina. Metodologia: Utilizou-se de uma pesquisa experimental aberta, com 30 participantes ativos, comparando suas habilidades de grupo em tempo e destrezas com materiais. Resultados: Nestes exercícios de simulação encontramos, melhora das habilidades nos exercícios e melhora do tempo quanto a destreza dos participantes. Conclusão: Um bom cirurgião em vídeo-laparoscopia requer habilidade e uma visão bidimensional devido a limitação dos movimentos no emprego do método. Os alunos alcançaram habilidades mais cedo sem necessidade de muitas repetições nos exercícios.
Palavras-chave:Videolaparoscopia, Modelos de laparoscopia, Inovação cientifica.
O ETNOCONHECIMENTO GEOMORFOLÓGICO APLICADO AO ORDENAMENTO TERRITORIAL NAS PEQUENAS COMUNIDADES TRADICIONAIS
Authors: Ribeiro Simone Cardoso , Sousa Sinara Gomes de 
Published: November 2021

O presente trabalho debruça-se sobre dois conceitos, o de Etnogeomorfologia e o de ordenamento territorial. Primeiramente fizemos a caracterização geoambiental dos municípios para reconhecimento dos aspectos físico/naturais e sociais das áreas pesquisadas; aplicação de entrevistas roteirizadas utilizando a técnica ‘Bola de Neve’; e levantamento dos dados. No total foram entrevistados 77 produtores rurais. Destaca-se aqui, a importância da valorização do saber popular, pois os sertanejos como conhecedores das potencialidades e limitações do ecossistema, planejam e ordenam seu território na busca de uma melhor viabilização de suas atividades econômicas, tendo em vista a conservação do meio ambiente.GEOMORPHOLOGICAL ETHNO-KNOWLEDGE APPLIED TO TERRITORIAL PLANNING IN SMALL TRADITIONAL COMMUNITIESABSTRACTThe present work focuses on two concepts, that of ethno-geomorphology and that of territorial planning. At first a geoenvironmental characterization of the municipalities was conducted in order to recognize the physical/natural and social aspects of the surveyed areas; following controlled interviews were applied using the 'Snowball' technique and data evaluation. Altogether, 77 rural producers were interviewed, 54 in the municipality of Farias Brito and 23 in the municipality of Granjeiro, State of Ceará. The study highlighted the importance of the valorization of popular knowledge, as pointed out by the attitude of the drylands peasants, who apply their knowledge of the potentialities and limitations of the ecosystem in order to plan and organize their territory searching to improve the viability of their economic activities, coupled with the conservation of the environmental resources.Keywords: Ethnogeomorphology; Planning; Use and soil occupation.
GEOSSISTEMAS DE CURAÇÁ, BAHIA
Authors: Cavalcanti Lucas Costa de Souza 
Published: November 2021

Visando representar a diversidade da organização natural das paisagens, a cartografia de geossistemas pode auxiliar a compreensão de sítios de ocupação pré-histórica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo mapear os geossistemas do município de Curaçá, localizado no Estado da Bahia, à margem direita do Rio São Francisco. O mapa foi elaborado a partir da identificação de grupos de fácies. É apresentado um fragmento do mapa de geossistemas com destaque para a parte central do município.GEOSYSTEMS OF CURAÇÁ, BAHIA ABSTRACTAiming to represent diversity of natural landscapes, geosystems mapping can help with the understanding of prehistoric sites. This work aimed at mapping the geosystems of the municipality of Curaçá, located in the north of the State of Bahia, on the right bank of the São Francisco River. The map was elaborated based on groups of landscape facies. A fragment of the geosystems map is presented in this article, highlighting the central area of the municipality.Keywords: Prehistoric sites, Geosystems Mapping, Brazilian semi-arid.
Long-term Results of Drug and Interventional Treatment in Patients with Morphologically Verified Idiopathic Arrhythmias
Authors: Blagova O. V. , Nedostup A. V. , Kogan E. A. 
Published: November 2021

Aim. To study the late results of medical and interventional treatment in patients with morphologically verified nature of idiopathic arrhythmias.Methods. The prospective study included 20 patients (mean age 43.1±11.3 years, 10 female) with atrial fibrillation (AF), supraventricular and ventricular extrasystole, supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia, conduction disturbance without structural heart changes. In addition to the standard examination, the level of anti-heart antibodies was initially determined; endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) of the right ventricle with PCR study for the viral genome; DNA diagnostics (n=4), coronary angioraphy (n=6), skin biopsy (n=1) were performed. The median follow-up was 134 [128; 138] months.Results. By EMB in the initial examination were diagnosed: active (n=8)/borderline (n=3) infectious immune myocarditis; parvovirus-positive endomyocarditis (n=1); undifferentiated vasculitis (n=2); myocardial vasculitis (n=1); Fabry disease (n=1); arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (n=1); unspecified cardiomyopathy (n=2). Anti-heart antibodies were the most important in myocarditis diagnosis and monitoring. All patients with myocarditis/vasculitis (n=15) received its basic therapy: acyclovir (n=10); immunoglobulin G 10-12.5 g (n=2); hydroxychloroquine 200 mg/day (n=15); glucocorticoids (n=14); azathioprine 150 mg/day (n=2). The late results were evaluated in all patients with myocarditis. Initially, in 62.5% of patients a resistance of AF to all antiarrhythmic drugs was noted. After treatment the average frequency of AF paroxysms decreased (from 8 [5; 8] to 3 [1,25; 7,75] points). By the end of the follow-up, six patients underwent radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for AF, the full effect was achieved once. All patients without RFA have AF partially or completely resistant to drugs. Two patients (without RFA) died from ischemic stroke/ pulmonary embolism.Conclusion. Using EMB the causes of idiopathic arrhythmias (mainly AF) were diagnosed: immune inflammatory diseases in 75% and genetic in 25% of patients. As a result of complex treatment, the general burden of arrhythmias has decreased. But the presence of myocarditis and primary cardiomyopathy, without reducing the cardiac contractility and dilatation, does not allow achieving a stable antiarrhythmic effect. Lethality for 11 years was 10%. The causes of death were thromboembolic complications.
Combined Arthroscopic Superior and Anterior Capsular Reconstruction of the Glenohumeral Joint
Authors: Rakowski Dylan R. , Zarkadis Nicholas J. , Ernat Justin J. 
Published: November 2021

Case:
A 57-year-old male automobile mechanic presented with 1 year of atraumatic, bilateral shoulder pain and progressive loss of motion. Three months of physical therapy and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications did not offer pain relief or increase his motion. He opted for right-sided dermal allograft superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) and anterior capsular reconstruction (ACR) with subsequent left-sided SCR and subscapularis repair 3 months later.

Conclusion:
At the 18 months follow-up, combined SCR/ACR was effective in restoring motion and relieving pain. Although promising, additional studies are needed to determine the efficacy of this combined procedure.
Toxicology of Ngirimbo: Analysis to Determine the Levels of Trace and Heavy Metals, Moisture, Nicotine, pH and Microbial Assessment.
Authors: Mithi Vita , Mhango Happy Matchabani , Phiri Getrude Boti , Dewey Rebecca S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Tobacco and other similar/related products represent a substantial proportion of recreationally-used substances in Malawi. Ngirimbo is a smokeless substance taken orally to reduce tobacco smoking. This study aimed to determine the toxicological characteristics of Ngirimbo in terms of pesticide residues, microbial, trace and heavy metal contaminants, herbal compounds, and nicotine, moisture, and pH levels. Methods: Samples were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, titration, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-visible Spectrophotometer, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, pH and gravimetric analysis, ISO4833, ISO21527, ISO16654, and ISO6579. Results: From a total of 12 samples, 5 samples contained nicotine ranging from 0.08–0.84%, while the remaining 7 samples showed no trace of nicotine. Sample pH ranged from 6.68 to 8.32, and moisture content from 12.87–47.11%. Samples had no detectable contamination with chlorine or pesticide residue. Heavy metals tested: Cadmium, Nickel, Lead, and Copper were found to be below the detection limit of 0.01mg/kg. On the other hand, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of Nickel, Bromine, Rubidium, Strontium, Zirconium, Molybdenum, Rhodium, Cadmium, Chromium, and Tellurium. Samples had good levels of Calcium, Iron, Potassium, Sodium, and Zinc ranging from 23mg/kg to 57,800mg/kg. Samples contained phytocompounds and herbal material of medicinal relevance. In terms of the microbiological content, Escherichia coli and Salmonella were absent, while Moulds and Yeast were present at a level of <1cfu/g, with the total plate count varying across all samples between 1,400cfu/g and 640,000cfu/g. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the current state of Ngirimbo available in Malawi is toxic and a hazard to human health. Implications: Prolonged use of Ngirimbo may lead to users developing mouth cancers or thermal burns to the oral mucosal membrane. Further, Ngirimbo consumers are at risk of developing dental caries, known to harbour microorganisms and development of infectious diseases. The control and regulation of Ngirimbo is highly recommended to maximise its capacity for use as a treatment/medication for tobacco replacement while minimising the negative impact on public health. Further work needs to be done to quantify the contents of Ngirimbo, and develop tolerance limits so that it may be used as a nicotine and tobacco replacement product.
Dynamic tax competition between symmetric countries with multiple strategic investors
Authors: Kishore Kaushal 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Two symmetric countries compete over two-period under a non-preferential taxation regime to attract multiple investors where investors are strategic and investments are sunk once invested. Contrary to the existing results, we find that tax holidays do not arise during the initial period. Equilibria in mixed strategies arise in both periods where competing countries set strictly positive tax rates during the initial period. Strategic interaction between large investors reduces competition and increases tax rates during the initial period. We provide full characterization and uniqueness of equilibria in mixed strategies.JEL classification: F21, H21, H25, H87
Tax Competition between Symmetric Countries for Large Asymmetric Investors
Authors: Kishore Kaushal 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In a dynamic two-period game between two symmetric countries, we show that a unique subgame-perfect equilibrium arises during the initial stage of the game. A mixed taxation regime arises in the equilibrium where one country adopts a non-preferential taxation regime while its competitor adopts a preferential taxation regime. The country with a non-preferential taxation regime earns a higher tax revenue compared to the country with a preferential taxation regime. A tax holiday does not arise during the initial stage of the game when the size of the mobile capital base that enters during the later stage is considerably larger than the size of the mobile capital base that enters the economy during the initial stage. We provide the complete characterization and proof of the uniqueness of the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium.JEL classification: F21, H21, H25, H87
Energy/Exergy Conversion Factors of Low Enthalpy Geothermal Heat Plants
Authors: Francke Henning 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
From the system perspective, a geothermal heat plant is not only a source of heat, but, in case of liquid producing wells producing liquid brine, also a sink for relevant amounts of electricity, consumed mainly by the pump(s). This electricity demand is usually not given much attention, although being decisive for operation costs and offering chances for demand side management as a variable consumer. From the perspective of an integrated energy system, geothermal installations basically move energy from the electricity sector into the heat sector. So do electrical compression heat pumps, whose performance is rated by the COP, the ratio between useful heat and invested energy and useful heat, the COP. This study transfers the COP concept to geothermal sites, by defining and determining the energy conversion factor quantity (i.e. relative auxiliary energy or operating cost of heat provision expressed in electricity) for a selection of mostly German geothermal sites. Based on heterogenous data consisting of operational values for some sites and theoretical estimations for others, the calculated ε range from 12 to 116. In analogy, the concept is extended to the exergy conversion factor ζ, which is calculated to range from 1 to 36. A comparison with alternative heat provision technologies, such as heat pumps (COP ≤ 6) or simple electric heating (ε ≈ 1), quantifies the potential service geothermal plants can render to the grid by converting electrical energy into useful heat. This study aims at quantifying the potential benefit of geothermal plants on for the electric grid.
Pattern of Medical Device Adverse Events in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Northern India: An Ambispective Study
Authors: PK Saifuddin , Prakash Ajay , Samujh Ram , Gupta SK , Suri Vanita , Kumar Rohit Manoj , Sharma Siddhartha , Sarma Phulen , Medhi Bikash 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: This is the first study to evaluate the pattern of adverse events related to medical devices in India. We aimed to evaluate medical device adverse events (MDAEs) reported at a tertiary level teaching hospital in northern India.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted ambispectively at PGIMER, Chandigarh. We used the medical device risk classification given by the Indian regulatory authority which was framed in line with the recommendation of the Global Harmonization Task Force. The prospective study (PS) was done from January 2020 to December 2020 with a concurrent retrospective study (RS) proceeding to three years so as to learn more about the reporting culture, demographics, risk class of devices and the type of adverse events.Result. We obtained 224 MDAE in the prospective study and identified 413 MDAE in retrospective study. Reporting culture of retrospective adverse events to the national materiovigilance programme of India (MvPI) was negligible. Marginally increased incidence of MDAE reported among male patients (PS; 52%, RS; 57%) and age group between 21-30 years (PS; 19.1%, RS; 23.2%) in both studies. Fewer number of MDAEs were also reported from infants (7.5%) and the elderly (6.9%) population. Regarding risk class, MDAEs were frequent in low to moderate risk devices (Class B: 66%) in the prospective study, while it was documented only for high-risk devices (Class C: 51% & Class D: 49%) in the retrospective study. However, serious adverse events (SAEs) were equally prevalent among moderate to high-risk devices (Class B: 33%, C: 34% &D: 33%). An increased frequency of SAE was observed among non-notified medical devices (60.4%). Concerning reporting culture, nurses reported the majority of MDAEs (65%). Overall 14% of the incidents were documented as near-miss events.Conclusion: Medical devices elicit adverse events irrespective of their risk class, notification status and patient demographic factors. Escalated reporting of MDAEs by surgeons and biomedical engineers is recommended at India.
Molecular characterization of Fasciola isolates collected from sheep, goats and cattle in Kisumu, Baringo and Narok Counties, Kenya
Authors: Kipyegen Cornelius Kibet , Muleke Charles I. , Otachi Elick O. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Fasciolosis is a neglected trematode infection of public health and veterinary importance caused by Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica. Molecular analysis using the internal transcribed spacers’ ITS-1 and ITS-2 of nuclear ribosomal DNA is useful in distinguishing Fasciola species. This study aimed to characterize liver flukes from sheep, goats and cattle using these genetic markers. Fifty nine adult Fasciola specimens were collected from livers of naturally infected sheep, goats and cattle at selected abattoirs in Kisumu, Baringo and Narok Counties. Sequence comparison of ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences of Fasciola isolates from this study and sequences in Genbank was carried out. A maximum likelihood tree was constructed for phylogenetic analysis. Analysis of ITS-1 and ITS-2 rDNA sequences revealed that F. hepatica and F. gigantica caused infection in both cattle and sheep and in goats only F. gigantica caused infection. The sequenced PCR amplicons showed a close relationship between Fasciola species in this study with Fasciola isolates from other regions in the world. Phylogenetic analysis showed that sequences of F. hepatica are similar to the sequence from Spain, China and Tunisia obtained from GenBank. The sequences of F. gigantica in this study have similarity to the sequence from Iran and Burkina Faso. Data from this study provides information that serves as basis for further studies on the distribution of F. gigantica and F. hepatica in other localities in Kenya, and is also important in designing epidemiological and control programmes for zoonotic fascioliasis.
Outcome of ECMO and CRRT, experience of Hospital University MED VI, Oujda, Morocco.
Authors: oujidi younes , Essad ounci , haddad; Inass Arhoun El , Bensaid amine , Melhaoui imane , Kherroubi layla , Bkiyar houssam , Bentata yassamine , Brahim Housni 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Although acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and the CRRT impact is widely studied. The incidence of simultaneous use of ECMO and CRRT remain unclear. Objective: We conducted this retrospective study to define the incidence of concomitant CRRT with ECMO therapy and to determine the overall impact of this strategy on patient outcomes such as mortality and renal recovery. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of patients of all ages, genders and ethnicities, admitted in the intensive care unit of Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco, on a cumulative period of 2 years (January 2019 – December 2020). Were enrolled in the study patients who benefited from ECMO, and presented an acute kidney injury afterwards, using ‘Microsoft Excel’ as a software to utilize the information collected from the computerized patient database. 30 patients were included in the final study. Results: 30 patients with ECMO were enrolled. The mean age was 59.8 ± 12.7 years, with a male predominance (sex ratio (M/F) of 3.28). Over one third of the patients had comorbidities, Diabetes mellitus was the most common (30%), followed by hypertension (17%). 83.3% of our patients benefitted from a veno-venous type of ECMO; and ARDS was the most frequent cause for using ECMO comparing to cardiac failure (90% vs 16.6%). 63.3% of our ECMO-using patients developed an AKI, with a mean creatinine peak of 28.74mg/L. 36.6% of our ECMO-using patients required the use of a continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Unfortunately, all our ECMO-using patients complicated with AKI died, with a mortality rate of 100%. Conclusion: Among patients receiving ECMO, the incidence rates of AKI and severe AKI requiring CRRT are high, regardless of their prior medical conditions and the technique used to connect ECMO and CRRT.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus Device or Surgical Closure: the Role of Charity Missions Where the Resources Are Limited
Authors: Elsheikh Abdallah Elamin , M.E.HASSAN Salah Eldin , Siddig Abdal Mahmoud El , Ahmed Mohamed Elamin , Hussein Sabir Taha , ELjack Mohammed Mahmmoud Fadel Allah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To compare the different methods of treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and evaluate the role of charity missions in availing the expensive devices for needy patients where the resources are limited.Background: The role of surgery is gradually being taken over by catheter intervention, however the cost in not affordable to most of our patients. Charity organizations are helping limited resource countries by availing the devices.Methods: All paediatrics patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) patients presenting to Medani Heart Centre (MHC) in a 6-year period were included in this study. The study included 337 patients. 283 were treated by catheter intervention group (A) and 54 were treated surgically group (B), 22 patients were referred for surgery from the catheterization laboratory, and 32 were treated when there was no visiting teams.Results: A total of 337 patients were included in this study, 32 were treated surgically by the local surgical teams. Out of remaining 305 patients 283 were found suitable for catheterization intervention, and were treated successfully, 22(%7) were having other congenital anomalies or PDA not suitable for intervention and were referred to surgery. 54 patients were treated by surgical ligation, 22 were referred from the intervention group and 32 were treated surgically when there were no visiting delegates and patients’ condition dictate urgent intervention, with good results. Devices were provided by charity organizations and delivered by the visiting teams, the choice of device depends on the availability.Conclusions: Surgery remains a good modality of treatment were the resources are scares, however a number of charity organizations are offering these expensive devices for countries of low and middle income making it possible for the poor patients to have such treatment. The results of both treatments are excellent
Accounting for Inequality Aversion Can Justify the 2◦ C Goal
Authors: Rogna Marco , Vogt Carla 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Impact assessment models are a tool largely used to investigate the benefit of reducing polluting emissions and limiting the anthropogenic mean temperature rise. However, they have been often criticised for suggesting low levels of abatement. Countries and regions, that are generally the actors in these models, are usually depicted as having standard concave utility functions in consumption. This, however, disregards a potentially important aspect of environmental negotiations, namely its distributive implications. The present paper tries to fill this gap assuming that countries\regions have Fehr and Schmidt (1999) (F&S) utility functions, specifically tailored for including inequality aversion. Thereby, we propose a new method for the empirical estimation of the inequality aversion parameters by establishing a link between the well known concept of elasticity of marginal utility of consumption and the F&S utility functions, accounting for heterogeneity of countries/regions. By adopting the RICE model, we compare its standard results with the ones obtained introducing F&S utility functions, showing that, under optimal cooperation, the level of temperature rise is significantly lower in the last scenario. In particular, in the last year of the simulation, the optimal temperature rise is 2.1 ◦ C. Furthermore, it is shown that stable coalitions are easier to be achieved when F&S preferences are assumed, even if the advantageous inequality aversion parameter (altruism) is assumed to have a very low value. However, self–sustaining coalitions are far from reaching the environmental target of limiting the mean temperature rise below 2 ◦ C despite the adoption of F&S utility functions.