bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Benign Thyroid Disease on the Risk and Aggressiveness of Breast Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Han Mingyue , Zhao Xue , Wang Yao , Cui Haiying , Wang Guixia , Gang Xiaokun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe relationship between benign thyroid disease (BTD) and breast cancer (BC) has been discussed for a long time. However, the exact connection and underlying mechanism between them remained controversial. Our meta-analysis aimed at performing a comprehensive assessment of the relationship between different types of benign thyroid disease and the risk of breast cancer, and at the same time assessing whether benign thyroid disease exerts an influence on the aggressiveness of brea†st cancer.MethodA literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Embase databases for studies published from 1982 to August 2020. All data including odds ratio (OR) and its corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were analyzed using STATA software, version 16.0. Publication bias and quality assessment of the included studies were conducted.ResultAfter strict literature search and selection, 18 articles were included in our meta-analysis. The result showed that autoimmune thyroiditis (OR 2.57, 95%CI 1.96–3.38), goiter (OR 2.13, 95%CI 1.19-3.79), and Graves’ disease (OR 4.17, 95%CI 1.08-16.05) were associated with increased risk of BC. Both hypothyroidism (OR 0.82, 95%CI 0.64-1.04) and hyperthyroidism (OR 1.07, 95%CI 0.93-1.24) had no correlations with the risk of breast cancer. Additionally, our pooled analysis showed no significant correlation was observed between benign thyroid disease and aggressiveness of breast cancer on the whole. However, a positive relationship was found between benign thyroid disease and aggressiveness of breast cancer in the Europe subgroup (HR:2.05, 95%CI 1.32-3.17).ConclusionAmong benign thyroid disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, goiter, and Graves’ disease were related to the increased risk of breast cancer. As a whole, benign thyroid disease was positively associated with the risk of breast cancer. Thus, special attention should be paid to these patients during treatment and follow-up. Additionally, benign thyroid disease increases the aggressiveness of breast cancer in the European population while no significant correlation was observed in other subgroups. Thus, more large-scale cohort studies are urgently needed soon to confirm the results. † Mingyue Han, Xue Zhao and Yao Wang should be considered shared first authors.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis Formation in Mice by Intraosseous Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Wang Weizhou , Wang Yanghao , Tang Zhihong , Chen Yongcheng , Liu Zhui , Duan Hao , Zhong Zongyu , He Fei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPostmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common type of primary osteoporosis that is characterized by a decrease in bone mass and an increase risk of fractures. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can promote osteogenesis and are a promising therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between improved intraosseous microcirculation and increased bone mass by MSCs in postmenopausal osteoporosis.MethodsWe isolated primary MSCs and characterized their cellular properties. Bone volume and morphological analyses of mouse femurs were performed by transplanting the cells into post-ovariectomized mice via tail vein. Femoral artery ligation was performed on mice. By Laser Speckle flowmetry, vascular perfusion and femoral trabecular bone and cortical bone analysis, we determined the effects of MSCs in promoting intraosseous angiogenesis and preventing osteoporosis in mice. ResultsMSCs transplantation enhanced trabecular number, trabecular bone volume / total volume, and trabecular bone mineral density in ovariectomized mice. Reduced intraosseous blood flow due to hindlimb ischemia can lead to accelerated bone loss. In contrast, MSCs promoted the reconstruction of intraosseous microcirculation and reduced bone loss.ConclusionsMSCs could effectively prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis formation, which is associated with the involvement of MSCs in the reestablishment of microcirculation within the skeleton. This study has revealed the potential role of MSCs in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and lays the foundation for clinical application studies.
Sublingual Immunotherapy Versus Subcutaneous Injection Immunotherapy in Children With House Dust Mite Allergy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dib Ghazal , Doya Leen , Al-hakim Amal , Ismaeel Mayya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Subcutaneous Immunotherapy is an effective treatment for allergic diseases. It decreases the new sensitizations in individuals who were monosensitized. It may be associated with mild local symptoms with difficult to apply in children. The aim of the current study is to compared Sublingual Immunotherapy versus Subcutaneous Injection Immunotherapy in Children with House Dust Mite allergy.
Methods

In an open-label randomized clinical trial included 20 children aged (6–13) years with House Dust Mite allergic asthma and/ or rhinitis who were admitted to Al Assad University Hospital over 1 year between January 2014 to January 2015. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to a randomized schedule, one of them was treated with Subcutaneous Injection Immunotherapy (SCIT), and the other received Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT). We monitored the patients every 3 months over 1 year to evaluate the clinical improvement, side effects of the treatment, drug dependence.
Results

The current study showed remarkable and fast improvement of the clinical symptoms with a decrease in the need for the medication in the Sublingual Immunotherapy group compared to the Subcutaneous Injection Immunotherapy group with a significant difference. There was no difference observed in safety between the two groups, and side effects were mild in both groups.
Conclusion

The current study confirmed that the use of the Sublingual Immunotherapy group is more rapid and effective in children with allergic diseases.
Impact of RNAi-Targeted Silencing of Survivin and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α on the Biological Behaviors of Gastric Cancer SGC-7901 Cells In Vitro
Authors: Mu Runhong , Ge Yinlin , Li Mingcheng , Li Binxian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) plays crucial roles in the primary transcriptional responses to hypoxia stress by modulating hypoxia gene expression. Survivin is regarded as an effector downstream of HIF-1 that promotes cell survival under hypoxia conditions. HIF-1α and survivin are proposed as potential targets in the treatment of gastric cancer. This study was designed to investigate the anticancer effects of RNA interference targeting survivin and HIF-1α on the gastric cancer cell line, SGC-7901 under hypoxia. In this study, cultured cells were divided randomly into four groups: a blank control group, a scrambled siRNA (SCR) control group, a siRNA-Survivin group (ss group) and a siRNA-Survivin+siRNA-HIF-1α group (sis+siH group). The siRNA targeting survivin and/or HIF-1α genes were transfected into SGC-7901 cells. The expression of survivin and HIF-1α was identified by RT-PCR and Western blotting assay. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. The invasion and migration abilities of the cells were evaluated by transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. Cell growth curves were determined by MTT assay at 48 h indicated that the viability of the SGC-7901 cells was inhibited in a time-dependent manner with a highest inhibitory rate of 82.1 ± 0.85 % at 48 h. The siRNA targeting the survivin gene decreased the expression of survivin and the combined transfection of siRNA targeting survivin and HIF-1α down-regulated the expression of both survivin and HIF-1α (P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the combined siRNA groups exhibited obvious features with decreased invasion and migration abilities (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate increased and the cell proliferation decreased following gene silencing (P < 0.05). The down-regulation of survivin and HIF-1α may induce an anticancer effect in SGC-7901 cell lines by enhancing cell apoptosis and decreasing proliferation, migration and invasion ability.
Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement on Hemodynamic and Left Ventricular Remodeling: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Shi-li , Tang Bi , Zhang Heng , Liu Jin-jun , Shao Su-yun , Zhu Yan-hua , Xuan Ling , Wang Hong-ju 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become the choice for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis(AS) patients at high surgical risk in clinical practice. This meta-analysis aimed to further investigate the effect of the relative hemodynamics and postoperative LV remodeling by TAVR and surgical aortic valve replacement(SAVR).
Methods

Relevant studies were identified via systematic searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane database. Relevant data were pooled as weighted mean difference (WMD) or odds risk(OR), with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). A random-effect model or fixed effect model was utilized according to the results of the heterogeneity test.
Results

The results indicated that peak aortic pressure gradient (WMD=-3.86, 95%CI(-6.63,-1.09), P = 0.006) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF%) (WMD=-0.66, 95%CI(-1.31,-0.22), P = 0.045) were lower in the TAVR group compared with the SAVR group, but there was no significant difference between TAVR group and SAVR group in effective orifice area(EOA)(WMD = 0.05, 95%CI(-0.19,0.28), P = 0.697), left ventricular mass(LVM)(WMD = 5.24, 95%CI(-10.33, 20.80), P = 0.509). Compared with SAVR group, the incidence of prosthesis-patient mismatch(PPM) was significantly lower in the TAVR group(OR = 0.37, 95% CI(0.23, 0.61), P < 0.0001).
Conclusion

For patients with severe AS, TAVR could have better performance on the hemodynamics than after SAVR in terms of peak aortic pressure gradient, LVEF%, and the incidence of PPM, TAVR was comparable to SAVR at LV remodeling.
Disposable Diapers Home-scale Composting Enhanced by Spirulina Platensis and Its Utilization As a Growing Medium for Maize and Cayenne Pepper
Authors: Kusumawati Diana Indah , Mangkoedihardjo Sarwoko 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Disposable diaper waste harms the environment and human health. Composting has gained attention for diaper waste recovery because of cost-effectiveness and wastes conversion into value-added products. Cyanobacteria advantages over other microorganisms to enhance the disposable diapers composting has studied. This research aimed to determine the affection of Spirulina platensis, which is one of the Cyanobacteria species, in the diapers composting. Given the complexity of separating materials, the process involves all parts of disposable diapers. The reactor volume is 30 litres, made of clear plastic to allow Spirulina absorbs light to carry out photosynthesis. A total of 3 kg of disposable diapers composted together with 7 kg of food waste, 250 grams of rice husks as a bulking agent, and pure culture of S. platensis with various density: 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 million of sinusoids. All composting reactors operated in triplicates. The parameters analyzed were organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, C / N ratio, moisture content, pH, and temperature. After a 6-week composting process, compost with the 6.0 million sinusoids attained the highest degradation rate and the total nitrogen 47% higher than the control. The final compost had good quality and accomplished the limits set in the national regulation. It can be used as a growing medium, as shown in the phytotoxicity tests performed using maize and cayenne pepper. It is a feasible and affordable option for the valorization of disposable diapers, which can apply on a small or home-scale by the community.
City Flood Disaster Scenario Simulation based on 1D-2D Coupled Rain-flood Model: A Case Study in Luoyang, China
Authors: Liu Chengshuai , Yang Fan , Hu Caihong , Yao Yichen , Sun Yue , Zha Bin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In order to realize the reproduction and simulation of urban rainstorm and waterlogging scenarios with complex underlying surfaces. Based on the Mike series models, we constructed an urban storm-flood coupling model considering one-dimensional river channels, two-dimensional ground and underground pipe networks. Luoyang City was used as a pilot to realize the construction of a one-dimensional and two-dimensional coupled urban flood model and flood simulation. where is located in the western part of Henan Province, China. The coupled model was calibrated and verified by the submerged water depths of 16 survey points in two historical storms flood events. The average relative error of the calibration simulated water depth was 22.65%, and the average absolute error was 13.93cm; the average relative error of the verified simulated water depth was 15.27%, The average absolute error is 7.54cm, and the simulation result is good. Finally, 28 rains with different return periods and different durations were designed to simulate and analyze the rainstorm inundation in the downtown area of Luoyang. The result shows that the R2 of rainfall and urban rainstorm inundation is 0.8776, and the R2 of rainfall duration and urban rainstorm inundation is 0.8141. Therefore, rainfall is the decisive factor in the formation of urban waterlogging disasters, which is actually the rainfall duration. The study results have important practical significance for urban flood prevention, disaster reduction and traffic emergency management.
Stunting and the Associated Factors among Under-five Children in Shire Endaslassie Town, Tigray, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Geleta Dessalegn , Tesfaye Neamin , Zara Merkeb 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Globally, 158 million under five children suffer from childhood stunting. On the continent, 87 million stunted were in Asia, 59 million were in Africa and 6 million were in Latin America and Caribbean. In Ethiopian the number of stunting children declines from 6.13 million in 2012 to 5.85 million in 2015 with the prevalence of 38% as per 2016 EDHS. Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of stunting among 6–59 months of age in Shire Endaslassie Town, northwest Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Shire Endaslassie, northwestern Ethiopia, from April 7 to 20, 2017. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 356 study subjects. Child and family status were assessed using the structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurement was conducted to measure nutritional status of the children. Data were cleaned by EPI-Info version 3.5.1, and height for age was converted to Z-score with ENA-SMART software. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors associated with stunting. An adjusted odd (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) is used to show the strength of the association, and variables with P values <0.05 are considered statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of stunting was 35% (95% CI: 30 %–40%) among study participants. Unprotected water source [AOR = 3.20, 95%CI: (1.74, 5.73)], Monthly income< 3000 ETB [AOR = 2.59, 95%CI: (1.44, 4.66)], providing breast feeding when only child cry [AOR = 2.22, 95%CI: (1.24, 3.99) were positively associated with stunting, while, having enough time to prepare meal [AOR = 0.50, 95%CI: (0.30, 0.81)], usage of family planning [AOR = 0.26, 95%CI: (0.12, 0.56)] were found to be preventive factor.Conclusion The prevalence of stunting was high in the study area. We found that stunting was significantly correlated with monthly income, water source, having enough time to prepare time, time of breastfeeding, and usage of family planning. Therefore, intervention focusing on supporting housewives, family planning, and education on child feeding and nutrition should be implemented.
Epidemiology Characteristic and Co-infection Pattern of Pathogens in Patients With Respiratory Tract Infection in Southern China, 2018-2020.
Authors: Liang Jingyi , Wang Zhufeng , Liu Yong , Zeng Linxiu , Li Zhengtu , Liang Jiamin , Liang Hanwen , Jiang Mei , Yang Zifeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) is the highest prevalent disease and southern china has a wide spectrum of respiratory pathogen. The aim of this work was to renew the epidemiology characteristics of respiratory pathogens found in children and adults with RTIs from 2018 to 2020 in southern China. Methods: In this work, a total of 134,552 nasopharyngeal or throat swabs (patients from 407 hospitals) were analyzed, and fourteen respiratory viruses (Influenza A virus, influenza B virus, parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, human rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, human Coronavirus, human bocavirus, enterovirus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae) were detected using PCR/RT-PCR. Result: The most common respiratory pathogens in southern china were ADV (16.19%), RSV (15.48%), RHV (11.51%), IAV (10.93%), MP (8.95%), EBV (8.70%), PIV (7.67%), IBV (5.44%), with IAV and ADV as the most prevalent pathogens in adults (11.68%) and children (17.10%) respectively. In detail, ADV (16.30%) and RSV (18.93%) are most common in 0-4 years old, with IAV (16.68%), ADV (20.36%) in 5-14 years old, with EBV (7.48%, 8.74%), IAV (15.43, 9.76%) in 15-49y, 50-64y and IAV (7.37%), IBV (2.43%) in 65-105y. Over three years witnessed an increase in PDR of PIV in 0-4y, 5-14y and 65-105y, and RHV in 5-14y and 15-49y. In month distribution, the positive detection rate of pathogens in adults were generally lower than that in children except for EBV and majority of pathogens has shown a sharp decline in 2020. In Upper RTIs, 77.27% (17/ 22) of co-infected patients had infection to ADV, with poly-infection to ADV and RHV the highest (8/22). In Lower RTIs, the ADV infected patients showed that its co-infection rate to MP, PIV, RHV or RSV were 19.51% (48/246), 15.45% (38/246), 14.63% (36/246) and 14.63% (36/246) respectively. Only IAV, IBV and EBV were detected in co-infection patients with lower RTIs. Conclusion: IAV and ADV were the most important respiratory pathogen in adults and children respectively in southern Chin and cross-reactivity might exist between ADV, RHV, PIV and MP. These should be taken into consideration when they formulate the strategies for co-infection avoidance in patients.
Regulation of Uterine Function During Estrous Cycle, Anestrus Phase and Pregnancy by Steroids in Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.)
Authors: Kotlarczyk Angelika M. , Grzyb Martyna , Korzekwa Anna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Steroid synthesis and production in ruminant uterus is not obvious, especially in those seasonally reproduced. We compared steroid production by investigating selected enzymes involved in red deer uterine steroid metabolism in reproductive seasons. Methods: Blood and uteri tissues (endometrium and myometrium) were collected post mortem from hinds on 4th day of the estrous cycle (N = 8), 13th day of the cycle (N = 8), anestrus (N=8) and pregnancy (N = 8). The expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450), 3 -beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), 17 -beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD), aldo-keto reductase family 1 C1 (AKR1C1), estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), and progesterone receptors (PRs), were analyzed using real-time-PCR and Western Blotting. Plasma samples were assayed for 17 -beta-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle -stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone (T4) concentrations by EIA. Results: Hinds at the beginning of the estrous cycle, mainly in endometrium, were characterized by a high mRNA expression of 3β-HSD, AKR1C1, PRs and ERα, contrary to the expression in myometrium during pregnancy (P ˂ 0.05). For P4, E2, and FSH, concentration was the highest during the 13th day of the estrous cycle (P ˂ 0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that uterine steroid production and output in hinds as a representative seasonally reproduced ruminant occurred mainly during the estrous cycle and sustained in anestrus.
No Survival or Morbidity Advantage Associated With Cesarean Section in VLBW Infants
Authors: Kim Jin Kyu , Hwang Jong Hee , Lee Myung Hee , Chang Yun Sil , Park Won Soon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether CS was associated with survival and/or morbidity advantage. The infants were assigned to group 1 (n = 5,296) and 2 (n = 3,990) with a survival rate of <50% and ≥50%, respectively, at 23-24 gestational weeks (GW) to reduce skewing of the neonatal outcomes by wide institutional variation in the quality of neonatal intensive care. Each group of infants was further stratified into subgroups according to 23-24, 25-26, 27-28 and 29-34 GW. Mortality and major morbidities were measured. While significantly lower overall mortality and morbidity rates including intraventricular hemorrhage were associated with CS than vaginal delivery in both groups, the gestational age-stratified and adjusted odds ratios for mortality and morbidity were not significantly improved with CS. The mortality rate of group 1 was significantly lower than that of group 2 regardless of delivery mode. CS was not associated with survival or morbidity advantage in VLBWIs. The significantly lower mortality in group 1 than in group 2 regardless of delivery mode suggests that the quality level of neonatal intensive care at each institution rather than the mode of delivery might be a prerequisite for the survival and/or morbidity advantage.
Immortalization of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Wang Weiran , Zhang Meng , Feng Bo , Feng Chen , Hu Ge , Mu Xiang , Zhang Qian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives : Microvascular endothelial cells (MECs) have been proved by increasing studies to play important roles in the process of endocrine, immune response, and pathogenic microorganism infection. However, most types of MECs have a limited number of divisions. Therefore, the immortalization of primary MECs may provide a better cell model for research. And the present research is aimed to establish an immortal human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs). Methods : To immortalize HDMECs, the telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene was transferred into the primary HDMECs by lentiviral infection. The passages of HDMECs transfected with hTERT or without hTERT were analyzed. At the same time, the relative telomerase activity and telomere length in HDMECs transfected with hTERT were detected by RT-PCR assay. And the β-galactosidase (β-GAL) activity in HDMECs transfected with hTERT was detected by ELISA kits. Finally, karyotype and tube formation analysis were used to evaluate the effects of transfection with hTERT on the characteristics of HDMECs. Results: The results showed that the number of passages of HDMECs transfected with hTERT was significantly increased. The telomerase activity of HDMECs transfected with hTERT gene was enhanced, and β-GAL activity was significantly reduced. Moreover, the transfection of hTERT gene has almost no effect on the karyotype and tube formation of HDMECs. Conclusion: These data indicate that transfection of hTERT gene could successfully enhance the cleavage ability of HDMECs, and the characteristics of hTERT-HDMECs remain almost unchanged.