bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of pelage, background, and distance on predator detection and the evolution of primate color vision
Authors: de Moraes Pedro Z. , Diniz Pedro , Spyrides Maria Helena C. , Pessoa Daniel M. A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrimates' predators, such as carnivore mammals, usually rely on camouflage to increase proximity to prey and start a predatory attempt. Camouflage depends not only on the color pattern presented by a predator's pelage but also on the background scene in which the hunting takes place. Another factor that influences camouflage effectiveness is prey's color vision since a given camouflage strategy might not work for all visual phenotypes. Still, little research has been made on the effect of primate visual phenotype on predator detection. Here, we investigate the effects of natural pelages, background scenarios, visual phenotypes, and detection distances on predator detection. We used photographs of taxidermized carnivores (ocelots, cougars, and lesser grisons) as detection stimuli, taken in three different natural scenarios (forest, savanna, and grassland), and at two viewing distances (near and far). On a touchscreen monitor, sets of four images (only one containing a hidden animal) were randomly presented to 39 human males (19 dichromats and 20 trichromats). We found that trichromats, when compared to dichromats, present a lower latency and a higher accuracy of carnivore detection for some conditions tested. We also found that pelage color, background scenario, and detection distance interact to influence the effectiveness of camouflage. Our results suggest that trichromacy might be even more advantageous for carnivore detection than thought before, since it facilitates detection of mammals with diverse pelage colorations, in environments with different phytophysiognomies, and at longer distances. We also propose that the higher rates of dichromacy found in modern human societies could have resulted from a relaxation in predation.
Genetic structure ofOrbicella faveolatapopulation reveals high connectivity among a marine protected area and Varadero Reef in the Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Alegría‐Ortega Angela , Sanín‐Pérez María José , Quan‐Young Lizette Irene , Londoño‐Mesa Mario H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe protection of ecosystems with high diversity, such as coral reefs, is not an approach that guarantees their conservation. Thus, maintaining connectivity among coral populations over the long term is a strategy that should be adopted in order to protect diversity and ecological processes. Although coral reefs in Colombia are highly diverse, the population genetics baseline data of keystone species such asOrbicella faveolataare limited.To provide current information about the connectivity between populations ofO. faveolatain the Colombian Caribbean, the genetic diversity and distribution ofO. faveolatawas evaluated with analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), principal components, and migration estimations using 113 genets distributed in six populations. Also, a genetic structure analysis that included the available data for the Caribbean population was conducted, seeking to understand how the Colombian populations relate to the broader region.According to the global fixation index (FST) for the Colombian Caribbean, there was no genetic structure (FST= 0.002). Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) showed that Corales del Rosario Archipelago (CR), Este de Isla Fuerte (EIF), San Bernardo Archipelago (SB), and Varadero Reef (VR) were grouped with Oeste de Isla Fuerte (OIF), with Bushnell (BS) representing the most divergent cluster. Migration analysis showed relatively high migration from VR to CR and SB, highlighting the importance of VR as a genetic reservoir for the region. Structure analysis showed that the Colombian population presented a specific genetic identity (FST= 0.254), suggesting that the Colombian Caribbean population could be a peripheral population that contributes significantly to genetic variation and is connected through a complex connectivity process.In conclusion, the estimated genetic connectivity reflects the influence of sea surface dynamics over the interpopulation exchange dynamics and the role of protected and nonprotected coral reef in the Colombian Caribbean. Thus, the Colombian Caribbean population ofO. faveolatacould be relevant to the conservation of genetic diversity on a larger scale.
Carbonbeton – Eine neue Verstärkungsmethode für Massivbrücken
Authors: Steinbock Oliver , Pelke Eberhard , Ost Oliver 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIm Rahmen von Ertüchtigungsmaßnahmen eines Brückenzuges über die Nidda wurden im Jahr 2020 erstmals zwei Spannbetonbrücken mit Carbonbeton verstärkt. Bei den im Jahr 1971 errichteten Teilbauwerken wurde sogenannter Sigma‐Oval Spannstahl verbaut, der als spannungsrisskorrosionsgefährdet gilt. Die Straßenbrücken zeigten rechnerisch kein ausreichendes Ankündigungsverhalten im Sinne der Handlungsanweisung Spannungsrisskorrosion, sodass ein plötzliches Versagen den Verkehrsteilnehmer gefährdete. Um dieses Defizit zu beheben, wurde eine Verstärkung notwendig. Im Hinblick auf die exponierte Lage im Verkehrsnetz am Westkreuz Frankfurt a. M. stellte sich die Verstärkung mit Carbonbeton als die wirtschaftlichste und minimalinvasivste Verstärkungsmöglichkeit heraus. Nachfolgender Beitrag ist Bestandteil eines dreiteiligen Aufsatzes, der die notwendigen Planungsschritte und erste Erfahrungen aus der Ausführung zusammenträgt. Im vorliegenden Teil 1 werden neben den Grundlagen zur Spannungsrisskorrosion das Konzept und die Planungsschritte erläutert. Der zweite Teil stellt die Besonderheiten des Carbonbetons im Brückenbau dar. Teil 3 wird detaillierte Angaben zur Verstärkungsmaßnahme und erste Erfahrungen aus der baulichen Umsetzung umfassen.
Dynamic changes in chemical compositions and anti‐acetylcholinesterase activity associated with steaming process of stem‐leaf saponins of Panax notoginseng
Authors: Ma Chao , Guan Huida , Lin Qiyan , Liu Chang , Ju Zhengcai , Xue Yafu , Cheng Xuemei , Wang Changhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStem‐leaf saponins (SLSs), the total saponins from aerial part of P. notoginseng, are by‐products of notoginseng, a famous traditional Chinese medicine. SLSs have been used as a health functional food in China, but its mild effects limited clinical applications in diseases. Inspired by steaming of notoginseng to enhance its pharmacological activity, a steaming protocol was developed to treat SLSs. SLSs were steamed at 100, 120, and 140°C for 1, 2, 3, and 4 h, respectively. The ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight MS and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry were applied to analyze the dynamic changes in chemical compositions. The anti‐acetylcholinesterase activity of steamed SLS were assessed in vitro by directly determining the metabolic product of acetylcholine/choline. The components of SLSs were significantly changed by steaming. A total of 117 saponins and aglycones were characterized, and 35 of them were newly generated. The anti‐acetylcholinesterase activity of steamed SLSs gradually increased with the extension of steamed time and the increase of steamed temperature and reached the maximum after 140°C for 3 h. Furthermore, ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5, the main components of steamed SLSs, showed dose‐dependent anti‐acetylcholinesterase activities with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 26.88 ± 0.53 μm and 22.41 ± 1.31 μm that were only 1.8‐ and 1.5‐fold higher than that of donepezil with IC50 values of 14.93 ± 4.17 μM, respectively.
Efficient Shortcut Method for Determining the Process Window in Stirred‐Pulsed Extraction Columns
Authors: Schmalenberg Mira , Frede Timothy Aljoscha , Mathias Christopher , Kockmann Norbert 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent studies showed the superior separation performance of stirred‐pulsed columns of different diameters in liquid‐liquid extraction processes. Here, an efficient shortcut method will be presented, which is time and resource‐efficient as well as cost‐effective to determine the operational window of these columns for industrial separation tasks. Savings in time of less experiments and costs of materials consumption can be estimated with up to 30 %. The presented method is particularly suitable before the application of new chemical systems, which are particularly cost‐intensive and scarce in material supply.
Iron‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C—H Amidation of N‐Benzoyloxyureas
Authors: Zhong Dayou , Wu Lin‐Yang , Wang Xing‐Zhen , Liu Wen‐Bo 
Published: January 2021

Main observation and conclusionA redox‐neutral Fe‐catalyzed intramolecular C—H amidation of N‐benzoyloxyureas is described. This methodology employs a simple iron complex in situ generated from Fe(OTf)2 and bipyridine as the catalyst and N‐benzoyloxyureas as the nitrene precursors without using exogenous oxidants. An array of cyclic ureas were synthesized via aliphatic C(sp3)—H amidation in excellent yields. In addition, this catalytic system is also amenable to aryl C(sp2)—H nitrene insertion to provide benzimidazolones in moderate yields.
Variable selection and structure estimation for ultrahigh‐dimensional additive hazards models
Authors: Liu Li , Liu Yanyan , Su Feng , Zhao Xingqiu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe develop a class of regularization methods based on the penalized sieve least squares for simultaneous model pursuit, variable selection, and estimation in high‐dimensional additive hazards regression models. In the framework of sparse ultrahigh‐dimensional models, the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators include structure identification consistency and oracle variable selection. The computational process can be efficiently implemented by applying the blockwise majorization descent algorithm. Simulation studies demonstrate the performance of the proposed methodology, and the primary biliary cirrhosis data analysis is provided for illustration.
Physical evidence on desmin–lamin B interaction
Authors: Kural‐Mangıt Ecem , Dinçer Pervin Rukiye 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDesmin is a muscle specific intermediate filament protein located in cytoplasm. Lamin B, on the other hand, is a nuclear intermediate filament protein. There are studies suggesting a possible interaction between desmin and lamin B yet there is no physical evidence. In the present study, we have shown for the first time a physical interaction between desmin and lamin B via reciprocal co‐immunoprecipitation from muscle tissue of wild type AB zebrafish (Danio rerio, Hamilton). The interaction between desmin and lamin B might be a lead on a novel nucleocytoplasmic communication network.
If you build it, promote it, and they trust you, then they will come: Diffusion strategies for science gateways and cyberinfrastructure adoption to harness big data in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) community
Authors: Kee Kerk F. , Le Bethanie , Jitkajornwanich Kulsawasd 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the big data era, for science gateways (SG) and cyberinfrastructure (CI) projects to have the greatest impacts, they need to be widely adopted in the scientific community. However, diffusion activities, or activities aimed to spread SG/CI in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics community, are often an afterthought in projects. We warn against the fallacy of “If You Build It, They Will Come.” Projects could be intentional in promoting tool adoption. Based on an analysis of 83 interviews with 66 administrators, developers, scientists/users, and outreach educators of SG/CI, we identified seven external communication practices—raising awareness, personalizing demonstrations, providing online and offline training, networking with the community, building relationships with trust, stimulating word‐of‐mouth persuasion, and keeping reliable documentation. With these strategies, we revised the pop culture line to “If You Build It, Promote It, and They Trust You, Then They Will Come.” We also observed the beliefs that external communication is mainly necessary when seeking continuous funding, and it belongs to the skillset of nontechnical staff. These two beliefs may explain why external communication is underemphasized in many SG/CI projects. The article serves as evidence to justify a bigger budget in funding proposals for diffusion strategies to increase adoption and broader impacts.
Tailor: Targeting heavy tails in flow cytometry data with fast, interpretable mixture modeling
Authors: Ionita Matei , Schretzenmair Richard , Jones Derek , Moore Jonni , Wang Li‐San , Rogers Wade 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAutomated clustering workflows are increasingly used for the analysis of high parameter flow cytometry data. This trend calls for algorithms which are able to quickly process tens of millions of data points, to compare results across subjects or time points, and to provide easily actionable interpretations of the results. To this end, we created Tailor, a model‐based clustering algorithm specialized for flow cytometry data. Our approach leverages a phenotype‐aware binning scheme to provide a coarse model of the data, which is then refined using a multivariate Gaussian mixture model. We benchmark Tailor using a simulation study and two flow cytometry data sets, and show that the results are robust to moderate departures from normality and inter‐sample variation. Moreover, Tailor provides automated, non‐overlapping annotations of its clusters, which facilitates interpretation of results and downstream analysis. Tailor is released as an R package, and the source code is publicly available atwww.github.com/matei-ionita/Tailor.
Chinese clinical practice guidelines for perioperative blood glucose management
Authors: Jinjing Wang , Kang Chen , Xufei Luo , Xueqiong Li , Xinye Jin , Miao Yu , Jinping Zhang , Zhaohui Lv , Jingtao Dou , Yaolong Chen , Linong Ji , Yiming Mu ,   Guideline Steering Group,   the Guideline Development Group,   Chinese Society of Endocrinology of Chinese Medical Association
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the increased incidence of diabetes, the number of diabetic patients who require surgical treatment is also increasing. Unfortunately, practices in this area lack standardisation. The purpose of this multidisciplinary, evidence‐based guidelines for perioperative blood glucose management is to provide a comprehensive set of recommendations for clinicians treating diabetes with different types of surgery. The intended audience comprises Chinese endocrinologists, surgeons, anaesthetists, clinical pharmacists, nurses and professionals involved in perioperative blood glucose management. The guidelines were formulated as follows. First, a multidisciplinary expert group was established to identify and formulate key research questions on topics of priority according to the Population, Intervention, Comparator and Outcomes (PICO) process. We conducted a meta‐analysis of available studies using Review Manager version 5.3, as appropriate. We pooled crude estimates as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals using a random‐effects model, and used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methods to assess the quality of the retrieved evidence. Finally, 32 recommendations were gathered that covered 11 fields—management and coordination, endocrinologists' consultation, diabetes diagnosis, surgery timing and anaesthesia method, blood glucose target values and monitoring frequency, hypoglycaemia treatment, oral administration of blood glucose lowering drugs, use of insulin, enteral and parenteral nutritional, postoperative treatment and medication and education and training. Twenty‐five systematic reviews and meta‐analyses were conducted for these guidelines to address the PICO questions. These guidelines are intended to improve perioperative blood glucose management and help doctors in specifying medical diagnosis and treatment, and will be implemented / disseminated extensively in China.
Are bison movements dependent on season and time of day? Investigating movement across two complex grasslands
Authors: McMillan Nicholas A. , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. , Luttbeg Barney , Goodman Laura E. , Davis Craig A. , Allred Brady W. , Hamilton Robert G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe American plains bison (Bison bison) is an iconic herbivore on North American grasslands, yet many questions surrounding their basic biology remain unanswered. We analyzed fine‐resolution movement data (12 minute) from two of the largest remaining prairie tracts in the Great Plains of North America to address whether bison movement and distance travelled are affected by seasonal or diurnal rhythms. We fit binomial movement and movement distance data to generalized linear mixed models to test whether site, season, or time of day affected movement. Our top models included season‐site and season‐time of day interactions as fixed effects. Overall, bison were more likely to move during the day than at night regardless of season or site. There was considerable overlap between our sites across most seasons, with the strongest divergence occurring in autumn for movement probability and distance. During the summer, daytime bison movement declined in favor of nighttime movement, potentially in response to high temperatures. Day and nighttime movement distance and probability both were lowest in the winter. That site alone was not a significant predictor of bison movement or movement distance may suggest that their response to seasonal and diurnal rhythms is biologically innate. Therefore, we conclude that season and time of day should be considered in future bison movement analyses. Here, we present the first replicated analysis of fine‐resolution, seasonal, and diurnal bison movements across two large complex landscapes using a long‐term dataset. As ungulate behavior changes in response to the Anthropocene, filling the knowledge gaps in their basic biology is critical to their continued conservation.
Density‐dependent variability in an eruptive bark beetle and its value in predicting outbreaks
Authors: McNichol Bailey H. , Sullivan Brian T. , Munro Holly L. , Montes Cristián R. , Nowak John T. , Villari Caterina , Gandhi Kamal J. K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSeveral species of aggressive bark beetle in the genus Dendroctonus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) undergo large fluctuations in population density with distinct outbreak and non‐outbreak phases. We investigated attributes we hypothesized as subject to density‐dependent variation (in particular, those likely to express phenotypic plasticity) in the southern pine beetle (SPB), Dendroctonus frontalis, as possible indicators of population fluctuations. These traits were morphology (body size and hindwing shape) and the sex ratio of trap‐captured, dispersing SPB populations. We compared attributes of beetles from locations that ranged from having zero to high numbers (>1500) of SPB infestations (spots) at the county level for two summers. Southern pine beetle were obtained from six states in the southeastern USA and had been collected during a springtime, region‐wide trapping survey used for forecasting outbreaks annually. Although we detected an expected but weak sexual dimorphism in both size and shape‐related traits, no morphological differences were found between SPB collected from traps in counties with low or high densities of spots (≤10 or >10 per county, respectively). We found no relationship between numbers of SPB spots per county and trapped sex ratios in 2016, but we observed a strong trend in 2017, with about three times higher proportions of females trapped in counties with low compared with high numbers of spots. This implies that one or more known or possible factors influencing trapped sex ratios (e.g., disparities between the sexes in their responses to semiochemicals or in their propensity to disperse) can be density‐dependent. Including trap‐captured sex ratios in prediction models may improve current forecasting of SPB outbreaks in the southeastern USA, informing more timely and effective management of one of the most economically and ecologically important beetle species of this region.
Broadcast spawning of Pocillopora verrucosa across the eastern and western coast of the central Red Sea
Authors: Bouwmeester Jessica , Coker Darren J. , Sinclair‐Taylor Tane H. , Berumen Michael L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCoral spawning is a fundamental process in the preservation of coral reef systems. However, reproductive information is still rare for many coral species and across a number of locations. No reproductive information is yet available from the western coast of the central and southern Red Sea. We document here the daytime spawning of Pocillopora verrucosa across the two coasts of the central Red Sea, in Saudi Arabia on the eastern side and in Sudan on the western side. In both sites, P. verrucosa released its gametes in the morning, 1–2 d before the new moon, within a 25‐day window between mid‐May and mid‐June, matching other known observations from the east coast of the central Red Sea. Spawning followed a period of rapidly changing sea surface temperature. We here propose that given the reproductive synchrony of P. verrucosa across both coasts, the timing of coral spawning from other species is likely to be similar as well.
Carbon storage in vegetation and soil in Chinese ecosystems estimated by carbon transfer rate method
Authors: Wang Li‐xia , Gao Ji‐xi , Shen Wen‐ming , Shi Yuan‐li , Zhang Hong‐wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTerrestrial carbon storage is split predominantly between vegetation and soils. However, the spatial distribution of terrestrial carbon and its presence in each carbon pool remains unclear. This study explored the spatial distribution of terrestrial carbon in these two carbon pools across Chinese ecosystems, which differ in vegetation types. Carbon storage was estimated using the carbon transfer rate method, which uses net primary productivity (NPP) and the turnover rate to estimate vegetation and soil carbon pools under the assumption of steady state. The distribution of carbon storage per unit area (carbon density) was shown based on the latest vegetation map (2008). Compared with recent estimates of 89.27 Pg C, our results showed that a total of only 55.46 Pg C have been stored over recent decades. Of this total, 18.19 and 37.27 Pg C were stored, respectively, in vegetation and in soil carbon pools. Among the eleven vegetation types in this study, needleleaf forest had the largest carbon storage (13.57 Pg C). The eleven vegetation types were classified into four major vegetation classes (forest, scrub, grass, and cultivated), of which forests had the higher carbon storage (21.7 Pg C) and the highest carbon density. Our estimates of the spatial distribution of carbon were consistent with previous studies. Both terrestrial and soil carbon pools exhibited higher carbon density in northeast China and the southeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. Vegetation exhibited a high carbon density in eastern China but low carbon density in western China. Furthermore, our results had a higher spatial resolution of carbon distribution (75,000 polygon patches of the latest vegetation map) than previous studies. These results contribute to understanding carbon accumulation in different ecosystems.