bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Lung Functional Status among People Living in Different Type of Housing in Chennai City
Authors: Revathy E. , Sridevi G. , Preetha S. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Different housing has its influence on the health of the residents. The high rise apartment is a type of living adapted by people in urban areas of India. It becomes inevitable and poses much convenience and economy without occupying much land area. It is known that the floor of residence is related to the pulmonary function of the individuals.
Objective: The aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the lung functional status among the people living in high rise apartments and individual houses in Chennai city.
Materials and Methods: The study included 20 healthy individuals, 10 residents from Individual houses and 10 residents from high rise apartments from the 10th to 15th floor. The lung function was measured using RMS Helios 702 spirometer. They were assessed for a lung function test using RMS Helios 702 spirometer. The parameters such as FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, FEF25-75 were assessed, and the statistical test used was independent t test.
Results: The mean of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, FEF 25-75, PEFR were maximum in high rise apartment residents compared to individual house residents. Statistically significant change was observed in the FEF25-75 value among the two groups.
Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that subjects living in high rise apartments showed innovation in finding better lung functions and this may be attributed to the pollution free zone in high floors.
Preparation of Boerhaavia diffusa Mediated Selenium Based Mouthwash-A Comparative Microbial and Cytotoxic Effect
Authors: Arunkumar Pravalika , Geetha R. V. , Kumar S. Rajesh 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The extract of Boerhaavia diffusa root, a plant used in Indian traditional medicine, has significant immunomodulatory Potential. Selenium, a nutrient element that has a massive function in biological systems, is one of the interesting compounds to integrate with antibacterial agents. Recently several studies have pointed out the ability of selenium nanoparticles to exhibit anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial and antibiofilm properties.
Aim: To analyze the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of Boerhaavia diffusa mediated selenium nanoparticles based mouthwash.
Materials and Methods: 1 g of Boerhavia diffusa was added in 100 ml of distilled water. It was boiled; the plant extract was filtered using Whatman’s no.1 filter paper. In 250 ml conical flask, 60 ml of 20 millimolar sodium selenite was prepared and 40 ml of the filtered plant extract was mixed. This flask was kept in a magnetic stirrer. The nanoparticle solution was centrifuged at 8000rpm to prepare nanoparticle pellets. The nanoparticle pellet was dried in a hot air oven at 80 degree celsius. The dried powder was sent for Characterization. A mouthwash is prepared.
The prepared mouthwash was tested for cytotoxic activity by brine shrimp lethality assay and antimicrobial activity evaluated the zone of inhibition of agar well diffusion method.
Results and Discussion: It was proved that cytotoxic activity of selenium bound mouthwash was less compared to the commercial mouthwash. The antibacterial activity of the selenium bound mouthwash against C. albicans and S. mutans was significant when compared to the standard antimicrobial agent.
Conclusion: Based on the results, this mouthwash has the required qualities to be commercially be used. Therefore further studies can be done to prove that this mouthwash can be used commercially.
Clinical Profile of Acute Cerebrovascular Accidents
Authors: Ashwathy R. M. Bala , Deepthi N. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Acute cerebrovascular disease or stroke is one of the most leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Due to change in dietary habits and life style factors, there is increase in co-morbid conditions like diabetes and hypertension. This in turn increases the risk for developing stroke.
Aim: To study the cerebrovascular accident patients by analyzing and comparing their clinical profile.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in stroke patients. The type of stroke, associated risk factors and prognosis of the patients were studied.
Results: A total of 50 patients were included in the study, for a period of 4 months from January 1, 2021 to April 30, 2021. Both male and female were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 56.86 years. Thrombotic stroke was the most common (50%) followed by embolic and hemorrhagic stroke. Hypertension was the most commonly associated risk factor (80%), followed by diabetes (60%), smoking (52%), dyslipidemia (34%) and alcohol (28%). The comparatively higher incidence of cerebrovascular accidents in age less than 60 years is attributed to the rise in risk factors in the young age (P<0.05). The average duration of hospitalization was 6.58 days. There is no in-hospital mortality.
Conclusion: With prevalence of risk factors on rise, younger individuals are also affected. Proper risk factor management will help in preventing stroke and its recurrence.
Nanocatalyst‐Mediated Chemodynamic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Zhang Lu , Li Chu‐Xin , Wan Shuang‐Shuang , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTraditional tumor treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy, are developed and used to treat different types of cancer. Recently, chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has been emerged as a novel cancer therapeutic strategy. CDT utilizes Fenton or Fenton‐like reaction to generate highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) from endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to kill cancer cells, which displays promising therapeutic potentials for tumor treatment. However, the low catalytic efficiency and off‐target side effects of Fenton reaction limit the biomedical application of CDT. In this regard, various strategies are implemented to potentiate CDT against tumor, including retrofitting the tumor microenvironment (e.g., increasing H2O2level, decreasing reductive substances, and reducing pH), enhancing the catalytic efficiency of nanocatalysts, and other strategies. This review aims to summarize the development of CDT and summarize these recent progresses of nanocatalyst‐mediated CDT for antitumor application. The future development trend and challenges of CDT are also discussed.
Ultrahigh Sensitive Au‐Doped Silicon Nanomembrane Based Wearable Sensor Arrays for Continuous Skin Temperature Monitoring with High Precision
Authors: Sang Mingyu , Kang Kyowon , Zhang Yue , Zhang Haozhe , Kim Kiho , Cho Myeongki , Shin Jongwoon , Hong Jung‐Hoon , Kim Taemin , Lee Shin Kyu , Yeo Woon‐Hong , Lee Jung Woo , Lee Taeyoon , Xu Baoxing , Yu Ki Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMonitoring the body temperature with high accuracy provides a fast, facile, yet powerful route about the human body in a wide range of health information standards. Here, the first ever ultrasensitive and stretchable gold‐doped silicon nanomembrane (Au‐doped SiNM) epidermal temperature sensor array is introduced. The ultrasensitivity is achieved by shifting freeze‐out region to intrinsic region in carrier density and modulation of fermi energy level of p‐type SiNM through the development of a novel gold‐doping strategy. The Au‐doped SiNM is readily transferred onto an ultrathin polymer layer with a well‐designed serpentine mesh structure, capable of being utilized as an epidermal temperature sensor array. Measurements in vivo and in vitro show temperature coefficient of resistance as high as −37270.72 ppm °C−1, 22 times higher than existing metal‐based temperature sensors with similar structures, and one of the highest thermal sensitivity among the inorganic material based temperature sensors. Applications in the continuous monitoring of body temperature and respiration rate during exercising are demonstrated with a successful capture of information. This work lays a foundation for monitoring body temperature, potentially useful for precision diagnosis (e.g., continuous monitoring body temperature in coronavirus disease 2019 cases) and management of disease relevance to body temperature in healthcare.
How level of explanation detail affects human performance in interpretable intelligent systems: A study on explainable fact checking
Authors: Linder Rhema , Mohseni Sina , Yang Fan , Pentyala Shiva K. , Ragan Eric D. , Hu Xia Ben 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) systems aim to provide users with information to help them better understand computational models and reason about why outputs were generated. However, there are many different ways an XAI interface might present explanations, which makes designing an appropriate and effective interface an important and challenging task. Our work investigates how different types and amounts of explanatory information affect user ability to utilize explanations to understand system behavior and improve task performance. The presented research employs a system for detecting the truthfulness of news statements. In a controlled experiment, participants were tasked with using the system to assess news statements as well as to learn to predict the output of the AI. Our experiment compares various levels of explanatory information to contribute empirical data about how explanation detail can influence utility. The results show that more explanation information improves participant understanding of AI models, but the benefits come at the cost of time and attention needed to make sense of the explanation.
A method for the determination of shear viscosity of power–law fluids in a rectangular duct and concentric annulus
Authors: Ayas Mehmet , Skočilas Jan , Jirout Tomaš 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis work deals with a practical approach for the determination of the rheological parameters of the purely viscous power–law fluids in the rectangular channel and concentric annulus. The rectangular channels with a height to width ratio (aspect ratio) of less than 0.1 and concentric annulus of large aspect ratios are used for the determination of the shear viscosity of the non‐Newtonian fluids. For rectangular channels of aspect ratio greater than 0.1, the determination of the shear viscosity for the power–law model requires two geometrical parameters, according to conventional methods. In this work, a practical method is introduced in order to determine rheological parameters of the power–law fluids for rectangular channels and concentric annulus with the aspect ratios between 0 and 1 using one geometric parameter. The validity of the suggested one‐parameter method is firstly compared with the conventionally used two‐parameter model analytically. Then, verification is carried out by experimental method using slit viscometer and a rectangular channel with an aspect ratio of 0.2. Obtained wall shear rate‐wall shear stress values from both geometries are compared, and finally obtained rheological parameters are verified by numerical methods. It has shown that the suggested method is successful for the determination of shear viscosity, and results reveal that rectangular channels with an aspect ratio greater than 0.1 can be used to obtain rheological parameters for power–law fluids.
Prolonged ketosis and glycosuria secondary to SGLT2 inhibitor therapy
Authors: Bobrowski David , Kumar Reha , Wu Peter E. , Lapointe‐Shaw Lauren 
Published: November 2021

AbstractClinicians should be aware of the potential for the pharmacologic activity of SGLT2 inhibitors to persist long after the standard drug clearance period of five half‐lives, the typical duration used to guide pre‐operative medication recommendations.
Circularly polarized luminescence of Eu(III) complexes with chiral 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphtol‐derived bisphosphate ligands
Authors: Mattei Carlo Andrea , Dhbaibi Kais , Lefeuvre Bertrand , Dorcet Vincent , Argouarch Gilles , Cador Olivier , Le Guennic Boris , Maury Olivier , Lalli Claudia , Guy Stéphan , Bensalah‐Ledoux Amina , Riobé François , Baguenard Bruno , Pointillart Fabrice 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe interest for lanthanide circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) has been quickly growing for 10 years. However, very few of these studies have involved correlation between the dissymmetry factor (glum) and the chemical modifications in a series of chiral ligands. Four polymeric compounds of Eu(III) were prepared by using a series of binaphtyl derivatives for which the size of the π system as well as the number of stereogenic elements (i.e., the binaphtyl moiety) are modulated. The resulting {[Eu(hfac)3((S)/(R)‐Lx)]}n (x = 1 and 3) and {[Eu(hfac)3((S,S,S)/(R,R,R)‐Lx)]}n (x = 2 and 4) have been characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction by comparison with the X‐ray structures on single crystal of the Dy(III) analogs. In solution, the structure of the complexes is deeply modified and becomes monomeric. The nature of the ligand induces change in the shape of the CPL spectra in CH2Cl2 solution. Furthermore, a large |glum| = 0.12 of the magnetic‐dipole transition for the [Eu(hfac)3((S,S,S)/(R,R,R)‐L2)] complex involving the ligand with three stereogenic elements and an extended 𝜋 system has been measured. This report also shows CPL measurements in solid state for the series of {[Eu(hfac)3((S)/(R)‐Lx)]}n (x = 1 and 3) and {[Eu(hfac)3((S,S,S)/(R,R,R)‐Lx)]}n (x = 2 and 4) polymers.
Metabolism of third generation synthetic cannabinoids using zebrafish larvae
Authors: Morales‐Noé Asunción , Esteve‐Turrillas Francesc A. , Armenta Sergio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSynthetic cannabinoids are the second largest group of new psychoactive substances reported by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in the last decade and case reports bring attention to its high potency effects and its severe toxicity, including fatalities. Moreover, synthetic cannabinoids are usually entirely metabolized and metabolic pathways for many new generation synthetic cannabinoids are still unknown. In this study, the metabolism of five third generation synthetic cannabinoids was evaluated using zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae as 24‐h in vivo model studied within 5 days after fertilization. The studied synthetic cannabinoids were MMB‐CHMICA, ADB‐CHMICA, ADB‐CHMINACA, MDMB‐CHMCZCA, and NNL‐3, and the respective metabolites were identified by liquid chromatography‐high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Eleven, six, fourteen, eleven, and four metabolites were identified for MMB‐CHMICA, ADB‐CHMICA, ADB‐CHMINACA, MDMB‐CHMCZCA, and NNL‐3, respectively, and metabolic pathways have been proposed. The use of zebrafish larvae, with a high degree of physiological and genetic homology to humans, is an emerging tool very useful for the identification of metabolic pathways of psychoactive substances. Results obtained in this study compared well with metabolites obtained previously for the same target molecules or structural analogous after in vitro incubation with human or rat hepatocytes. Thus, potential biomarkers for the evaluated compounds are the O‐demethylated metabolite for MMB‐CHMICA; the oxidative deamination to hydroxyl metabolite for ADB‐CHMICA; hydroxyl metabolites at cyclohexylmethyl, tert‐butyl, and indazole moieties for ADB‐CHMINACA; hydroxyl metabolites at carbazole core, tert‐butyl, or cyclohexylmethyl tail moieties for MDMB‐CHMCZCA; and amide hydrolyzed, defluorinated, and dihydroxilated metabolite for NNL‐3.
Biogeography of curimatid fishes reveals multiple lowland–upland river transitions and differential diversification in the Neotropics (Teleostei, Curimatidae)
Authors: Melo Bruno F. , Albert James S. , Dagosta Fernando C. P. , Tagliacollo Victor A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Neotropics harbors a megadiverse ichthyofauna comprising over 6300 species with approximately 80% in just three taxonomic orders within the clade Characiphysi. This highly diverse group has evolved in tropical South America over tens to hundreds of millions of years influenced mostly by re‐arrangements of river drainages in lowland and upland systems. In this study, we investigate patterns of spatial diversification in Neotropical freshwater fishes in the family Curimatidae, a species‐rich clade of the order Characiformes. Specifically, we examined ancestral areas, dispersal events, and shifts in species richness using spatially explicit biogeographic and macroevolutionary models to determine whether lowlands–uplands serve as museums or cradles of diversification for curimatids. We used fossil information to estimate divergence times in BEAST, multiple time‐stratified models of geographic range evolution in BioGeoBEARS, and alternative models of geographic state‐dependent speciation and extinction in GeoHiSSE. Our results suggest that the most recent common ancestor of curimatids originated in the Late Cretaceous likely in lowland paleodrainages of northwestern South America. Dispersals from lowland to upland river basins of the Brazilian and Guiana shields occurred repeatedly across independently evolving lineages in the Cenozoic. Colonization of upland drainages was often coupled with increased rates of net diversification in species‐rich genera such as Cyphocharax and Steindachnerina. Our findings demonstrate that colonization of novel aquatic environments at higher elevations is associated with an increased rate of diversification, although this pattern is clade‐dependent and driven mostly by allopatric speciation. Curimatids reinforce an emerging perspective that Amazonian lowlands act as a museum by accumulating species along time, whereas the transitions to uplands stimulate higher net diversification rates and lineage diversification.
Beyond the light effect: How hydrologic and geomorphologic stream features control microbial distribution across pool sequences in a temperate headwater stream
Authors: Ouellet Valerie , Daniels Melinda D. , Peipoch Marc , Zgleszewski Laura , Watson Nathan , Gibson Emma , Krause Stefan , Kan Jin Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicrobial community composition varies across stream habitats. However, there is little understanding of how varying hydraulic and geomorphic factors influence microbial distribution along a succession of pools. This study examines how substrate, geomorphological and hydraulic habitat variables may drive bacterial community composition within different stream pool habitats of a temperate headwater stream. Microbial community structures from rock biofilm and sediment samples within each of the 10 selected stream pools of White Clay Creek, PA, were determined by high‐throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. The grain size distribution, organic matter content, streamflow velocity, temperature regime and morphology of each pool were quantified to characterize the pool habitats' variability. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the microbial community composition linked to the substrate's stability within the pool units. Indeed, soft and more mobile sediments were dominated by heterotrophic bacteria, while photosynthetic microorganisms (e.g., microalgae and cyanobacteria) were mainly found on rock biofilm. The difference in the distribution of bacterial communities can be explained by variations in the local hydraulic (i.e., depth and velocity) and the thermal conditions (daily fluctuation, min and max). These results highlight the geomorphological and hydrologic drivers for small‐scale diversity in bacterial communities and provide a better understanding of how maintaining and promoting variability in streambed physical properties may enhance microbial diversity. Better integration of these drivers into stream restoration practices will allow the inclusion of microorganisms, the trophic levels that are usually overlooked but still play critical roles in stream ecology.
Long‐term capital gains taxes and stock prices: Evidence from India
Authors: Fallah Mohammadali , Kadapakkam Palani‐Rajan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrior studies of the relevance of long‐term capital gains for stock prices rely on the evidence from the 1997 tax cut in the United States. The key component of the tax‐sensitive ownership in these studies is individual ownership; its average is reported to be as high as 66.7%. The sharp increase in institutional ownership over the last two decades to more than 80% and the concomitant decline in individual ownership raises the question of whether taxes on long‐term capital gains are still relevant for stock prices. We examine stock price responses to the 2018 increase in the long‐term capital gains tax rate in India, a market where individual stock ownership is only 18.5%. Overall, the evidence provides strong support for the continued relevance of long‐term capital gains taxes for stock prices despite individual investors accounting for only a small portion of the stock ownership.
Low‐level light pre‐conditioning promotes C2C12 myoblast differentiation under hypoxic conditions
Authors: Yan Min , Wu Mei X. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExercise, especially anaerobic one, can gradually increase muscle mass over time as a result of adaptive responses of muscle cells to ensure metabolic homeostasis in the tissue. Low‐level light therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation exhibits beneficial effects on promoting muscular functions, regeneration, and recovery from exhausting exercise, although the underlying cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We found that hypoxia, a condition following anaerobic exercise, significantly impeded myotube differentiation from myoblasts. However, this adverse effect was blunted greatly by pre‐exposure of myoblast cells to a 980 nm laser at 0.1 J/cm2, resulting in almost nearly normal myotube differentiation. LLL pre‐treatment enhanced myotube formation by 80%, with a tubular diameter of 4.28 ± 0.11 μm on average, representative of a 53.4% increase over sham light treatment. The normalized myoblast differentiation concurred with 68% more mitochondrial mass and myogenin expression over controls. Moreover, LLL pre‐treatment appeared to enhance glucose uptake, prevent energy metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, and diminish lactate production under hypoxic conditions. The observation provides valuable guidance with respect to the timing of LLLT and its potential effects on muscle strengths in concert with anaerobic exercise.
Evaluation of analytic and clinical performance of two immunoassays for detecting thyroid‐stimulating receptor antibody in the diagnosis of Graves’ disease
Authors: Hu Yao , Ni Jiajin , Cen Yi , Zhang Buyue , Wu Wenqing , Cheng Wei , Huang Mingying , Guan Ming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the analytical and clinical performance of two immunoassays for diagnosis of Graves’ disease (GD), the Immulite thyroid‐stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI), and Elecsys Anti‐TSH receptor (TSHR) assay.MethodsPrecision and analytical measurement range were assessed using pooled samples of patients. The comparison between the two methods was evaluated using 579 clinical samples, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn using the final diagnosis as reference. Clinical sensitivity and specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for the two tests.ResultsThe repeatability and intermediate imprecision coefficient of variation (CV%) of the TSI assay were 3.8% and 4.1% at 0.95 IU/L, and 3.5% and3.6% at 19.5 IU/L, respectively. The assays were linear over a range 0.27–38.5 IU/L. There was a high correlation between the quantitative results of the two methods (correlation coefficient r = 0.930). The cut‐off value obtained by ROC analysis for TSI assay was 0.7 IU/L with sensitivity of 93.7% and specificity of 85.1%. An overall qualitative agreement of 91.5% between two methods was observed. Among 44 patients with discordant qualitative results, the TSI assay provided more satisfactory results consistent with clinical diagnoses.ConclusionThe TSI assay showed excellent analytical performance and provided a high PPV for GD.