bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a single-breath-hold radial turbo-spin-echo sequence for T2 mapping of the liver at 3T
Authors: Bencikova Diana , Han Fei , Kannengieser Stephan , Raudner Marcus , Poetter-Lang Sarah , Bastati Nina , Reiter Gert , Ambros Raphael , Ba-Ssalamah Ahmed , Trattnig Siegfried , Krššák Martin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives
T2 mapping of the liver is a potential diagnostic tool, but conventional techniques are difficult to perform in clinical practice due to long scan time. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a prototype radial turbo-spin-echo (rTSE) sequence, optimized for multi-slice T2 mapping in the abdomen during one breath-hold at 3 T.

Methods
A multi-sample (fat: 0–35%) agarose phantom doped with MnCl2 and 80 subjects (73 patients undergoing abdomen MR examination and 7 healthy volunteers) were investigated. A radial turbo-spin-echo (rTSE) sequence with and without fat suppression, a Cartesian turbo-spin-echo (Cart-TSE) sequence, and a single-voxel multi-echo STEAM spectroscopy (HISTO) were performed in phantom, and fat-suppressed rTSE and HISTO sequences were performed in in vivo measurements. Two approaches were used to sample T2 values: manually selected circular ROIs and whole liver analysis with Gaussian mixture models (GMM).

Results
The rTSE-T2s values exhibited a strong correlation with Cart-TSE-T2s (R2 = 0.988) and with HISTO-T2s of water (R2 = 0.972) in phantom with an offset between rTSE and Cart-TSE maps (mean difference = 3.17 ± 1.18 ms). The application of fat suppression decreased T2 values, and the effect was directly proportional to the amount of fat. Measurements in patients yielded a linear relationship between rTSE- and HISTO-T2s (R2 = 0.546 and R2 = 0.580 for ROI and GMM, respectively).

Conclusion
The fat-suppressed rTSE sequence allows for fast and accurate determination of T2 values of the liver, and appears to be suitable for further large cohort studies.

Key Points
•Radial turbo-spin-echo T2 mapping performs comparably to Cartesian TSE-T2 mapping, but an offset in values is observed in phantom measurements.
•Fat-suppressed radial turbo-spin-echo T2 mapping is consistent with T2 of water as assessed by MRS in phantom measurements.
•Fat-suppressed radial turbo-spin-echo sequence allows fast T2 mapping of the liver in a single breath-hold and is correlated with MRS-based T2 of water.
Tomographic X-ray particle tracking velocimetry
Authors: Mäkiharju Simo A. , Dewanckele Jan , Boone Marijn , Wagner Christian , Griesser Andreas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We investigate the feasibility of in-laboratory tomographic X-ray particle tracking velocimetry (TXPTV) and consider creeping flows with nearly density matched flow tracers. Specifically, in these proof-of-concept experiments we examined a Poiseuille flow, flow through porous media and a multiphase flow with a Taylor bubble. For a full 360$$^\circ$$

∘

computed tomography (CT) scan we show that the specially selected 60 micron tracer particles could be imaged in less than 3 seconds with a signal-to-noise ratio between the tracers and the fluid of 2.5, sufficient to achieve proper volumetric segmentation at each time step. In the pipe flow, continuous Lagrangian particle trajectories were obtained, after which all the standard techniques used for PTV or PIV (taken at visible wave lengths) could also be employed for TXPTV data. And, with TXPTV we can examine flows inaccessible with visible wave lengths due to opaque media or numerous refractive interfaces. In the case of opaque porous media we were able to observe material accumulation and pore clogging, and for flow with Taylor bubble we can trace the particles and hence obtain velocities in the liquid film between the wall and bubble, with thickness of liquid film itself also simultaneously obtained from the volumetric reconstruction after segmentation. While improvements in scan speed are anticipated due to continuing improvements in CT system components, we show that for the flows examined even the presently available CT systems could yield quantitative flow data with the primary limitation being the quality of available flow tracers.

Graphic abstract
Outlier detection for PIV statistics based on turbulence transport
Authors: Saredi E. , Sciacchitano A. , Scarano F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe occurrence of data outliers in PIV measurements remains nowadays a problematic issue; their effective detection is relevant to the reliability of PIV experiments. This study proposes a novel approach to outliers detection from time-averaged three-dimensional PIV data. The principle is based on the agreement of the measured data to the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) transport equation. The ratio between the local advection and production terms of the TKE along the streamline determines the admissibility of the inquired datapoint. Planar and 3D PIV experimental datasets are used to demonstrate that in the presence of outliers, the turbulent transport (TT) criterion yields a large separation between correct and erroneous vectors. The comparison between the TT criterion and the state-of-the-art universal outlier detection from Westerweel and Scarano (Exp Fluids 39:1096–1100, 2005) shows that the proposed criterion yields a larger percentage of detected outliers along with a lower fraction of false positives for a wider range of possible values chosen for the threshold.
Graphical abstract
Comparative analysis of Bricker versus Wallace ureteroenteric anastomosis and identification of predictors for postoperative ureteroenteric stricture
Authors: Krafft U , Mahmoud O , Hess J , Radtke J.P , Panic A , Püllen L , Darr C , Kesch C , Szarvas T , Rehme C , Hadaschik B.A , Tschirdewahn S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Ureteroenteric anastomosis after cystectomy is usually performed using the Bricker or Wallace technique. Deterioration of renal function is the most common long-term complication of urinary diversion (UD).
To improve surgical care and optimize long-term renal function, we compared the Bricker and Wallace anastomotic techniques and identified risk factors for ureteroenteric strictures (UES) in patients after cystectomy.

Material and methods
Retrospective, monocentric analysis of 135 patients who underwent cystectomy with urinary diversion at the University Hospital Essen between January 2015 and June 2019. Pre- and postoperative renal function, relevant comorbidities, prior chemo- or radiotherapy, pathological findings, urinary diversion, postoperative complications, and ureteroenteric strictures (UES) were analyzed.

Results
Of all 135 patients, 69 (51.1%) underwent Bricker anastomosis and 66 (48.9%) Wallace anastomosis. Bricker and Wallace groups included 134 and 132 renal units, respectively. At a median follow-up of 14 (6–58) months, 21 (15.5%) patients and 30 (11.27%) renal units developed UES. We observed 22 (16.6%) affected renal units in Wallace versus 8 (5.9%) in Bricker group (p < 0.001). A bilateral stricture was most common in Wallace group (69.2%) (p < 0.001). Previous chemotherapy and 90-day Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III complications were independently associated with stricture formation, respectively (OR 9.74, 95% CI 2–46.2, p = 0.004; OR 4.01, 95% CI 1.36–11.82, p = 0.013).

Conclusion
The results of this study show no significant difference in ureteroenteric anastomotic techniques with respect to UES development regarding individual patients but suggest a higher risk of bilateral UES formation in patients undergoing Wallace anastomosis. This is reflected in the increased UES rate under consideration of the individual renal units.
Vom Bauchgefühl zum viszeralen Schmerz
Authors: Aulenkamp Jana , Steinmüller Kathrin , Icenhour Adriane , Elsenbruch Sigrid 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungStörungen der Darm-Gehirn-Achse sind durch komplexe Dysfunktionen auf peripherer und zentralnervöser Ebene gekennzeichnet, die zu viszeraler Hypervigilanz und Hyperalgesie beitragen können und viszeralen Schmerz prägen. An der viszeralen Schmerzmodulation sind zahlreiche kognitive, emotionale und psychoneurobiologische Faktoren beteiligt, die im psychosozialen Therapiekontext das viszerale Schmerzerleben sowohl positiv als auch negativ beeinflussen können. Durch negative Erwartungen vermittelte Noceboeffekte sind bei akuten, aber insbesondere auch bei chronischen viszeralen Schmerzen von hoher klinischer Relevanz; die ihnen zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen sind jedoch bislang unzureichend verstanden. Zur Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung negativer Erwartungseffekte tragen insbesondere verbale Instruktionen, Vorerfahrungen und Lernprozesse sowie emotionale Faktoren wie Angst und Stress bei. Gezielte Kommunikationsstrategien, ein sensibler Umgang in der Aufklärung und positive Umgebungsbedingungen können in der klinischen Praxis dazu beitragen, ein adäquates Erwartungsmanagement zu etablieren und negative Erwartungseffekte zu minimieren. Zugleich sind translationale Forschungsansätze erforderlich, um tiefere Erkenntnisse bezüglich der Mediatoren und Moderatoren negativer Erwartungseffekte zu erlangen und diese in die Klinik zu übertragen. So kann die Versorgung von Patienten mit Störungen der Darm-Gehirn-Kommunikation verbessert werden.
Soft particles reinforce robotic grippers: robotic grippers based on granular jamming of soft particles
Authors: Götz Holger , Santarossa Angel , Sack Achim , Pöschel Thorsten , Müller Patric 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGranular jamming has been identified as a fundamental mechanism for the operation of robotic grippers. In this work, we show, that soft particles like expanded polystyrene beads lead to significantly larger gripping forces in comparison to rigid particles. In contradiction to naive expectation, the combination of jamming and elasticity gives rise to very different properties of the jammed phase, compared to hard-particle systems. This may be of interest also beyond the application in robotic grippers.
Zkscan3 affects erythroblast development by regulating the transcriptional activity of GATA1 and KLF1 in mice
Authors: Li Zixuan , Sheng Binjie , Zhang Tingting , Wang Tian , Chen Dan , An Gangli , Wang Xingbing , Meng Huimin , Yang Lin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractZKSCAN3 encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor that regulates the expression of important genes and plays a significant role in tumor development, pathogenesis, and metastasis. However, its biological functions under normal physiological conditions remain largely unknown. In our previous studies, using flow cytometry, we found that the deletion of Zkscan3 may cause abnormal erythropoiesis. In this study, we found that, in a Zkscan3 knockout mice model, the number of splenic early-stage (basophilic-erythroblasts) and late-stage (chromatophilic-erythroblasts to polychromatophilic-erythroblasts through orthochromatophilic-erythroblasts) erythroblasts increased, whereas the number of late erythroblasts in the bone marrow decreased. Moreover, the phenotype was exacerbated after treating mice with phenylhydrazine (PHZ), which causes severe hemolytic anemia. In the knockout mice treated with PHZ, the percentage of reticulocyte in the peripheral blood conspicuously increased, whereas MCHC and red blood cells decreased. Then, we performed RNA-seq and quantitative-polymerase chain reaction assay and found that the expression of GATA1 and Tiam1 in erythroblasts were upregulated, whereas KLF1 was downregulated. Luciferase assays showed that Zkscan3 inhibited the transcription of GATA1 and Tiam1 and promoted the expression of KLF1. Additionally, ChIP and CO-IP results confirmed that Zkscan3 directly interacts with GATA1 and inhibits its transcriptional activity in MEL cells. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the significant role of Zkscan3 in physiological erythropoiesis through the interaction with GATA1, both at the DNA and protein level, and with Tiam1 and KLF1 at the DNA level.
Review and expert survey of allocation methods used in life cycle assessment of milk and beef
Authors: Kyttä Venla , Roitto Marja , Astaptsev Aleksi , Saarinen Merja , Tuomisto Hanna L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Beef and dairy production systems produce several by-products, such as fertilizers, bioenergy, hides, and pet foods, among which the environmental impacts arising from production should be allocated. The choice of allocation method therefore inevitably affects the results of life cycle assessment (LCA) for milk and beef. The aims of this study were to map out the different allocation methods used in dairy and beef LCA studies and to clarify the rationale for selecting a certain method.

Methods
A literature review was conducted to identify the different allocation methods used in LCA studies of milk and beef production and the products using beef by-products as a raw material. The justifications for the use of different methods in the studies were also collected. To map out the perspectives of LCA practitioners and further clarify the reasoning behind the use of certain allocation methods, a mixed method survey with quantitative questions and qualitative explanatory fields was sent to the authors included in the literature review.

Results and discussion
The literature review showed that the most commonly used allocation method between milk and meat was biophysical allocation, which is also the recommended method in LCA guidelines of milk production. Economic allocation was the second most common method, although the rationale for using economic allocation was weak. By-products, such as inedible body parts, were not considered in milk studies and were taken into account in only a small number of beef studies. This might be because most of the studies have cradle-to-farm gate system boundaries. According to the survey, a significantly higher share of LCA practitioners would allocate impacts also to these by-products.

Conclusions
The allocation is usually done between milk and meat, and other by-products are not taken into account. Since these materials are an unavoidable part of production and there are numerous uses for them, these outputs should be recognized as products and also taken into consideration in LCA studies.
Investigation on Impact of Heat Input on Microstructural, Mechanical, and Intergranular Corrosion Properties of Gas Tungsten Arc-Welded Ti-Stabilized 439 Ferritic Stainless Steel
Authors: Gupta Santosh K. , Patil Awanikumar P. , Rathod Ramesh C. , Tandon Vipin , Vashishtha Himanshu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the present study, gas tungsten arc welding was employed to weld Ti-stabilized 439 ferritic stainless steel using 308L austenitic stainless steel filler electrode with varying heat input, i.e., low heat input (LHI) and high heat input (HHI). The optical microstructure revealed the formation of retained austenite (RA) and ferrite in the weld zone (WZ), whereas the peppery structure consisting of chromium-rich carbides were observed in the heat-affected zone for both the weldments. The volumetric fraction of RA was calculated using X-ray diffraction analysis. The RA’s content decreased, whereas grain size in WZ increased with an increase in heat input. The local misorientation and grain boundary distribution in the welded region was investigated by electron backscattered diffraction. The LHI weldment depicted the higher micro-hardness and tensile strength attributed to the higher content of RA as compared to HHI; however, the opposite trend was observed for the intergranular corrosion resistance.
Quantifizierung der Belastungen des Muskel-Band-Apparats im Schultergelenk von Speerwerfern
Authors: Köhler Hans-Peter , Hepp Pierre , Witt Maren 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Verletzungen der Schulter sind häufige Ursachen für den Verlust von Trainingszeit und Wettkampfpraxis. Dabei sind sowohl akute Verletzungen als auch langfristige Veränderungen der stabilisierenden Strukturen problematisch. Während über die Belastungssituation der Schulter im Baseball bereits einige Studien vorliegen, ist dies im Speerwurf bisher nicht der Fall, weder die Kinematik noch die Kinetik wurden bisher vollständig quantifiziert.

Ziel der Arbeit
Das Ziel der Arbeit bestand darin, die Belastung der Schulter im Speerwurf zu quantifizieren und somit einen Beitrag zu Identifikation von Verletzungsrisiken zu leisten.

Material und Methoden
Von 10 männlichen Speerwerfern wurden mithilfe eines Infrarotkamerasystems und 18 reflektierenden Markern an prominenten Körperpunkten die Bewegungsdaten erfasst. Diese Daten dienten unter Nutzung eines 5‑segmentigen Mehrkörpermodells dazu, die Kinematik und Kinetik des Schultergelenks zu modellieren. Aus den berechneten Verläufen wurden jeweils die Maxima extrahiert und einer Zusammenhangsprüfung zur Abwurfgeschwindigkeit unterzogen.

Ergebnisse
Die Sportler erreichten eine mittlere Abwurfgeschwindigkeit von 23,29 ± 2,17 ms−1. Die maximalen Gelenkwinkelgeschwindigkeiten lagen zwischen 445–4071 °/s in Abhängigkeit von der Bewegungsebene. Auch in den Gelenkbelastungen zeigten sich spezifische Unterschiede in den Ebenen (109–129 Nm).

Schlussfolgerung
Die Belastungssituation im Speerwurf unterscheidet sich im Vergleich zum Baseball. Während im Speerwurf verringerte Amplituden und Winkelgeschwindigkeiten auftreten, wird eine erhöhte Kraftanforderung sichtbar. Als mögliche Ursachen hierfür werden unterschiedliche Regelwerke diskutiert (Gerätegewicht/-dimensionen, Eingangsgeschwindigkeit).
Measuring the Tibetan nation: Anthropometry in 1950s Kalimpong
Authors: Koktvedgaard Zeitzen Miriam , Brox Trine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article explores the anthropometric survey of 5,000 Tibetans by the ethnographer HRH Prince Peter of Greece and Denmark in the northeast Indian Himalayan town of Kalimpong in the 1950s, as part of the Third Danish Expedition to Central Asia. In the context of the crisis created by the Chinese incursion into Tibet in 1950, which pushed thousands of Tibetans into India, stationary field anthropometry, rather than a mobile expedition, became Prince Peter's principal entry into Tibetan worlds. This article explores the scientific paradigms underpinning his anthropometric survey at a time when anthropology had seemingly moved on theoretically and ethically, the historical conditions and contingencies of Prince Peter's research, and the survey's representations of Tibetan peoples and places. We argue that, while Prince Peter's understanding was in essence primordialist, linking particular peoples to particular places, in practice he took a more modernist approach to ‘Tibetaness’ as contingent upon historical processes. The article concludes by reflecting on the potential significance of this vast and unique collection of historic anthropometric data for Tibetans today.
Informal astronomy education in Bulgaria at the beginning of the XXI century: organization, continuum, results
Authors: Stoeva Penka , Stoev Alexey 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe report shows the current opportunities for obtaining astronomical knowledge in school and outside it, through the use of non-formal education. These are school and extracurricular activities, schools, astronomical competitions and Olympiads, observation expeditions. For 25 years Bulgaria has been participating in the International Olympiads in Astronomy and Astronomy and Astrophysics with National Teams. The role and place of the system of Public Astronomical Observatories and Planetaria in the system of non-formal education in astronomy are discussed (In Bulgaria there are 7 Public astronomical observatories with a planetarium). Specialized activities in their school forms allow the formation of sustainable astronomical knowledge and observational habits.
La Serena School for Data Science: multidisciplinary hands-on education in the era of big data
Authors: Bayo A. , Graham M. J. , Norman D. , Cerda M. , Damke G. , Zenteno A. , Ibarlucea C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLa Serena School for Data Science is a multidisciplinary program with six editions so far and a constant format: during 10-14 days, a group of ∼30 students (15 from the US, 15 from Chile and 1-3 from Caribbean countries) and ∼9 faculty gather in La Serena (Chile) to complete an intensive program in Data Science with emphasis in applications to astronomy and bio-sciences.The students attend theoretical and hands-on sessions, and, since early on, they work in multidisciplinary groups with their “mentors” (from the faculty) on real data science problems. The SOC and LOC of the school have developed student selection guidelines to maximize diversity.The program is very successful as proven by the high over-subscription rate (factor 5-8) and the plethora of positive testimony, not only from alumni, but also from current and former faculty that keep in contact with them.
Reframing Pedagogy: Teaching Astronomy through STEAM Innovation
Authors: Chun-Long Sit Exodus 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis contribution explores the reframing of promoting Astronomy as popular science, inspired by the COVID-19 pandemic. Through STEAM Innovation, integrating science and arts, such as Astro-Music and Space Art, would be a case in point of forced association. It redefines our methodology of Astronomy education and encourages the engagement of teachers from other disciplines. Supporting with user-centered design thinking, this pedagogy contributes effectively to the interactive teaching for solving real-life problems related to Astronomy.
Online Resources for Astronomy Education and Outreach
Authors: Impey Chris 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe growth of the Internet has facilitated the easy availability of resources for teaching astronomy and doing astronomy outreach. This overview concentrates on resources that are free or open access. Basic teaching materials like textbooks and lab activities can be found, along with higher level items such as concept inventories and interactive instructional tools. There is also a small but growing research literature on astronomy instruction to be found online. Astronomers engaged in outreach can have access to large image collections, tools for doing citizen science, and planetarium apps. These resources are of enormous value to both novice and seasoned instructors, and anyone conveying the excitement of astronomy to a public audience.
Dark sky tourism and sustainable development in Namibia
Authors: Dalgleish Hannah S. , Mengistie Getachew M. , Backes Michael , Cotter Garret , Kasai Eli K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNamibia is world-renowned for its incredibly dark skies by the astronomy community, and yet, the country is not well recognised as a dark sky destination by tourists and travellers. Forged by a collaboration between the Universities of Oxford and Namibia, together we are using astronomy as a means for capacity-building and sustainable socio-economic growth via educating tour guides and promoting dark sky tourism to relevant stakeholders.
Impact of language, culture and heritage on the way we learn and communicate Astronomy
Authors: Solís-Castillo Basilio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe language we speak, the culture in which we grew up and where we come from have a tremendous impact on the way we learn astronomy. Additionally, the historical predominance of Western culture has influenced the way our modern society sees the world, and of course, the sky. In this work, we will share author’s experience working as science advisor in an outreach institution, where he explored different strategies to reach diverse communities and bring astronomy closer to broader audiences.Even though the construction of world-renowned astronomical observatories in Chile has boosted the interest in astronomy on the community, many challenges have not yet been addressed. One of them is to raise awareness about the ancestral heritage of Chilean’s first nations. Finally, we would like to highlight the importance of learning astronomy in our own language and therefore assure inclusion, diversity, and equity in our countries.