bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the time from injury to surgery and the degree of fracture reduction by ligamentotaxis in a posterior instrumentation without fusion for thoracolumbar unstable burst fracture: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ko Sangbong , Choi Wonkee , Lee Jaejun , Song Sukkyoon , Nam Junho 
Published: January 2021

Background:
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the time from injury to surgery and the degree of fracture reduction in patients with unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures who had ligamentotaxis in a surgery in which the internal fixator was removed after obtaining union of the fractures. The surgery included posterior instrumentation with pedicle screws without an intervertebral fusion.

Methods:
Ninety-five patients underwent posterior instrumentation that used pedicle screws without segmental fusion as well as a removal procedure for internal fixation after obtaining union of the fracture. Those patients who were followed up for at least 1 yr after removal surgery were retrospectively enrolled. At the time of the injury, vertebral body angle was measured and the difference in the two angles was termed the correction angle. Based on the duration from injury to surgery, the patients were divided into two groups: those who had surgery within 48 hr (group A) and those who had surgery after 48 hr (group B).

Results:
There was a significantly weak negative correlation between the correction angle and the length of time from injury to surgery when the correlation coefficient was r=−0.205. By correcting the age, correction angle, and gender as well as increasing the correction angle by 1 degree, the probability of a subject belonging to group A was increased by 1.137 times more than the probability of a subject belonging to group B (P=0.004).

Conclusions:
The time from the injury to surgery for unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures tends to be shorter with a younger age, and the shorter lead time will cause a weaker negative relationship with correction angle.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
S100/CD34-Positive Spindle Cell Mesenchymal Neoplasm Harboring KIAA1549-BRAF Fusion
Authors: Paton David J. W. , Wong Daniel , Amanuel Benhur , Cheah Kim , Ardakani Nima M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:
Mesenchymal neoplasms with oncogenic kinase activity due to genomic alterations in receptor tyrosine kinase genes are a morphologically heterogeneous group with a variable biologic potential. A subset of these neoplasms are characterized by immunophenotypic property of dual S100 protein/CD34 expression, histopathological resemblance to lipofibromatosis or peripheral nerve sheath tumors, and often alterations in neurotrophic tropomyosin-related kinase genes. In this article, we present a case of an S100 protein/CD34-positive spindle cell neoplasm harboring a rare BRAF gene rearrangement (KIAA1549-BRAF fusion) and discuss the clinical, histopathological, and molecular variations associated with such neoplasms.
Tiered Model of Nurse Staffing for Critical Care and Emergency Departments in the Wake of a Pandemic
Authors: Wells Celia M. , Zhang Ziya , Spano-Szekely Lauraine , Siller Jennifer , Brannon Helen , Schulz Kathleen , Scott Christine , Dolphy Melody , Hughes Ellen , Kohli-Seth Roopa 
Published: January 2021

AIM
To identify strategies that increase hospital bed capacity, material resources, and available nurse staffing during a national pandemic.

BACKGROUND
The COVID-19 outbreak resulted in an influx of acutely ill patients requiring critical care. The volume and acuity of this patient population increased the demand for care and stretched hospitals beyond their capacity. While increasing hospital bed capacity and material resources are crucial, healthcare systems have noted one of the greatest limitations to rapid expansion has been the number of available medical personnel, particularly those trained in emergency and critical care nursing.

EVALUATION
Program evaluation occurred on a daily basis with hospital throughput, focusing on logistics including our ability to expand bed volume, resource utilization, and the ability to meet staffing needs.

CONCLUSION
This article describes how a quaternary care hospital in New York City prepared for the COVID-19 surge in patients by maximizing and shifting nursing resources to its most impacted services, the emergency department (ED) and the intensive care units (ICUs). A tier-based staffing model and rapid training were operationalized to address nurse-staffing shortages in the ICU and ED, identifying key factors for swift deployment.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGERS
Frequent communication between staff and leaders improves teamwork and builds trust and buy-in during normal operations and particularly in times of crisis.
Unusual Case of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient With Sjögren Syndrome
Authors: Onwubiko Ifeoma Ndidi , Taneja Kanika , Gupta Nilesh , Mukherjee Abir 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare demyelinating disease caused by reactivation of John Cunningham virus affecting typically subcortical and periventricular white matter of immunocompromised hosts (human immunodeficiency virus infection, hematologic malignancies). Cerebral hemispheric white matter is most commonly affected by lytic infections, leading to progressive damage to oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Neuroimaging usually highlights scattered foci of white matter hypodensity not attributable to contrast enhancement or mass effect. In contrast, we present an unusual case of PML predominantly affecting cervical spinal cord and brainstem in an immunocompetent host. This is a rare subset of PML case that can occur in association with connective tissue disorders (Sjögren Syndrome in this case), systemic lupus erythematosus being the most common. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of spinal cord or brainstem lesions, particularly in the patients with connective tissue disorders.
An Individualized Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Program for Bilateral Hand Transplantations
Authors: Tombak Kadriye , Özkan Özlenen , Uysal Hilmi , Özkan Ömer 
Published: January 2021

The objective of hand transplantation is to achieve levels of daily life activities, as well as sensory and cosmetic gains that exceed mere vital functions. We report the long-term rehabilitation process results and subsequent course of 2 cases after bilateral hand transplantations.

Methods
This article describes a rehabilitation program and the long-term results after its application in 2 double-hand transplantation patients after 9- and 4-year follow-up periods. A personal rehabilitation program was planned to commence as early as possible after postoperative patient stabilization. Splinting, edema, positioning, passive and active joint movements, daily life activity modification and education, and occupational therapy were also emphasized.

Results
Positioning, edema, and passive joint movements were started in the acute phase. Strengthening and exercises were continued for 8 weeks and later for functional gains and adaptation to daily living activities. Subjective and overall results were quite satisfactory. The Hand Transplantation Score System, Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand, Semmes Weinstein Monofilaments, sensory tests, and modified Kapandji index improvements were all within good acceptable ranges. Although rapid recovery and functional development were observed in the first 4 years, these are still continuing at the time of writing.

Discussion
The most important determining factors in the success of rehabilitation are to return to daily life and the ability to acquire functional skills. Long-term follow-up of the patients in this study showed that they were able to return to their independent daily lives and that external assistance decreased to a minimum.
Surgical Management of Frontal Bone Fractures
Authors: Kambalimath Deepashri H. , Sridhar K. R. , Achutha Snehitha 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
Frontal bone fractures show a low frequency of occurrence of about 5% to 15% of all maxillofacial fractures occurring due to high-velocity injuries such as in the case of road traffic accidents, sporting events, assaults. Successful surgical management revolves around the concept of minimizing cosmetic deformity, maintaining normal sinus function, avoidance of short and long-term complications. In this article, the authors report a case series of 24 cases of frontal bone fracture treated with various treatment modalities.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 24 cases of frontal bone fracture admitted to our facility were treated accordingly and the subsequent follow up data were collected and compiled to be included in this study.

Results:
In our study, 83.33% cases showed isolated anterior table fractures, 8.3% cases with combined anterior and posterior table fractures. 40% cases managed conservatively, 41.6% with titanium mini plates, 12.5% cases with titanium mesh and 4% with cranialisation with fat obliteration.

Conclusion:
Our treatment decisions were based upon the extent and severity of the injuries which aided in tailoring the treatment modality. Thereby, curbing the long-term complications which could be foreseen and hence, a better functional outcome was achieved.
Evaluation of Facial Soft Tissue in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate Corrected Using Maxillary Protraction Appliances
Authors: Uehara Sayuri , Honda Aya , Kawase-Koga Yoko , Chikazu Daichi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Noncontact optical surface scanners have been used to evaluate facial soft tissues. Appropriate evaluation of patients with cleft lip and palate requires comprehensible assessment of the changes in their pre- and post-orthodontic soft tissue and facial growth during chairside assistance. The authors developed a new scanning system that required a shorter measurement time than conventional modalities. The system was implemented on a mannequin and a 6-year-old patient. Seven midfacial landmarks were identified on their faces. The authors measured these landmarks 5 times daily. An experienced orthodontist evaluated and recorded the scores. The scores obtained from the mannequin had a variation of within 0.2 mm, while those obtained from the patient varied within 0.8 mm, except that of the inferior limit of the lips. The study findings suggest that the new laser scanning system can accurately measure facial soft tissue. Further studies should fix patients’ head at a definite position for more accurate measurements. An appropriately angled laser sensor would eliminate distortions, thereby increasing the measurement validity.
Management of autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Bien Christian G. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of review
Autoimmune encephalitides are established diagnoses in contemporary neurology. Their management poses a regular challenge for almost all neurologists. One may ask if the concept of 1st line and 2nd line treatment is still up to date, which new data on the antibody-defined encephalitis types exist, and how to organize long-term management.

Recent findings
The 1st line/2nd line concept of initial immunological intervention is accepted worldwide. A randomized controlled trial confirmed that one 1st line compound (intravenous immunoglobulins) is superior to a placebo in patients with antibodies against leucine-rich glioma inactivated protein 1. Rituximab, a 2nd line compound, is increasingly and apparently successfully used in treating different types of autoimmune encephalitis. It may find its place even earlier in the treatment cascade. Long-term management needs to be improved and is under development.

Summary
There have been no groundbreaking new developments in the field. The published experience confirms existing suggestions. Aspects of long-term management including rehabilitation measures and counseling about driving eligibility require further research.
Immunochromatographic SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody assay: a cross-sectional study conducted at Wakayama Medical University in Japan
Authors: Iwabuchi Sadahiro , Katsuda Masahiro , Koizumi Yusuke , Hatai Mayuko , Kojima Mitsue , Tokudome Nahomi , Tamura Shinobu , Nishio Machiko , Kondo Toshikazu , Hironisi Masaya , Kakutani Chiemi , Yamaue Hiroki , Hashimoto Shinichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAsymptomatic patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection must be quickly identified and isolated to prevent the spread of the virus. The number of asymptomatic healthy people is completely unknown because they remain untested. Detection of specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies has been widely accepted as a diagnostic test, and an immunochromatographic test, which is simpler and relatively cheaper than other methods, is becoming the gold standard for identifying healthy people who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the past. In this study, 1,528 volunteers who worked at a particular hospital were subjected to an immunochromatographic IgG test for SARS-CoV-2 to determine the ratio of asymptomatic people. Only 12 volunteers (0.79%) were IgG+, with no significant background differences in the sex, age, profession, experiences of working at the emergency department or caring for coronavirus disease 2019 patients. If this IgG+ ratio was to be extrapolated to Wakayama city’s population, 2,780 out of 3,54,063 people may be asymptomatic for SARS-CoV-2. The results imply that anyone may get infected with SARS-CoV-2 but remain asymptomatic.
Factors Influencing AVF Dysfunction in Patients with Maintenance Hemodialysis: A retrospective study
Authors: Li Yu , Cui Wenhao , Wang Jukun , Zhang Chao , Luo Tao 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo explore factors influencing primary dysfunction of autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).MethodsThis is a retrospectively study. One hundred and twenty-one patients who underwent anastomosis for AVF in our hospital Between 1st January 2016 and 31st December 2018 were selected. Seventy-seven patients satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analyses. Patients were divided into two groups based on the function of vascular access. The comparisons of complete blood count and other blood biochemical parameters were made between two groups. Factors influencing AVF dysfunction were analyzed by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model for patients with End stage renal disease (ESRD).ResultsThere were significant differences in total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and serum phosphorus levels between patency and dysfunction group (P<0.05) of AVFs. Further multivariate COX proportional risk regression showed that hypercholesterolemia and hyperphosphatemia were independent risk factors for AVF dysfunction.ConclusionsHypercholesterolemia and hyperphosphatemia are independent risk factors for primary AVF dysfunction in patients with MHD.
Methylation of Q105 on histone H2A is part of a dynamic regulatory mechanism integrating metabolism with ribosome biogenesis through recruitment of Nhp2
Authors: Mawer Julia S.P. , Grabenhorst Niklas , Mylonas Constantine , Tessarz Peter 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTRibosome biogenesis is an essential cellular process that requires integration of extracellular cues, such as metabolic state, with intracellular signaling, transcriptional regulation and chromatin accessibility at the ribosomal DNA. Here, we demonstrate that the recently identified histone modification, methylation of H2AQ105, is an integral part of a dynamic chromatin network at the rDNA locus. Its deposition depends on a functional mTor signaling pathway as well as acetylation of histone H3 at position K56, thus integrating signals from cell cycle, metabolic and proliferative states. Furthermore, we identify a first epigenetic reader of this modification, the ribonucleoprotein Nhp2, which specifically recognizes the methylation on H2AQ105. Based on functional and proteomic data we suggest that Nhp2 functions as an adapter to bridge the rDNA chromatin with components of the small subunit processome and might help to efficiently coordinate transcription of rRNA with its post-transcriptional processing.
An investigation towards understanding the role of CDH1 gene in different types of Breast Cancers
Authors: Sengupta Antara , Banerjee Raja 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAt recent age breast cancer attracts the attention of both the medical and the scientific community for its deadly occurrence throughout the globe as it is considered to be happened due to genetic aberration. Out of several genes expressed, it is found that cadherin 1, type 1 (CDH1) is responsible in several ways to control the metabolic order in human. Hence we focus on CDH1 gene whether any deviation in it especially alteration/modification in its sequence is responsible for the occurrence of this deadly disease. Towards this end study of the available genomic sequences of CDH1 gene of several patients, suffering from various types of breast cancer (obtained from the Sanger Database), are studied. The results emphasizes that alternation/modification in the sequence of the CDH1 gene affect its regular function which may have a potential role in damaging the different types of breast tissues, causing malfunction and leading to breast cancers in patients.
Intermediate-dose anticoagulation, aspirin, and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Meizlish Matthew L. , Goshua George , Liu Yiwen , Fine Rebecca , Amin Kejal , Chang Eric , DeFilippo Nicholas , Keating Craig , Liu Yuxin , Mankbadi Michael , McManus Dayna , Wang Stephen , Price Christina , Bona Robert D. , Chaar Cassius Iyad Ochoa , Chun Hyung J. , Pine Alexander B. , Rinder Henry M. , Siner Jonathan , Neuberg Donna S. , Owusu Kent A. , Lee Alfred Ian 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThrombotic complications occur at high rates in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, yet the impact of intensive antithrombotic therapy on mortality is uncertain.Research QuestionHow does in-hospital mortality compare with intermediate-versus prophylactic-dose anticoagulation, and separately with in-hospital aspirin versus no antiplatelet therapy, in treatment of COVID-19?Study Design and MethodsUsing data from 2785 hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients, we established two separate, nested cohorts of patients (1) who received intermediate- or prophylactic-dose anticoagulation (“anticoagulation cohort”, N = 1624), or (2) who were not on home antiplatelet therapy and received either in-hospital aspirin or no antiplatelet therapy (“aspirin cohort”, N = 1956). Propensity score matching utilizing various markers of illness severity and other patient-specific covariates yielded treatment groups with well-balanced covariates in each cohort. The primary outcome was cumulative incidence of in-hospital death.ResultsAmong propensity score-matched patients in the anticoagulation cohort (N = 382), in a multivariable regression model, intermediate-compared to prophylactic-dose anticoagulation was associated with a significantly lower cumulative incidence of in-hospital death (hazard ratio 0.518 [0.308-0.872]). Among propensity-score matched patients in the aspirin cohort (N = 638), in a multivariable regression model, in-hospital aspirin compared to no antiplatelet therapy was associated with a significantly lower cumulative incidence of in-hospital death (hazard ratio 0.522 [0.336-0.812]).InterpretationIn this propensity score-matched, observational study of COVID-19, intermediate-dose anticoagulation and aspirin were each associated with a lower cumulative incidence of in-hospital death.Summary conflict of interest statementsNo conflict of interest exists for any author on this manuscript.
Robust RNA editing via recruitment of endogenous ADARs using circular guide RNAs
Authors: Katrekar Dhruva , Yen James , Xiang Yichen , Saha Anushka , Meluzzi Dario , Savva Yiannis , Mali Prashant 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTAkin to short-hairpin RNAs and antisense oligonucleotides which efficaciously recruit endogenous cellular machinery such as Argonaute and RNase H to enable targeted RNA knockdown, simple long antisense guide RNAs (1) can recruit endogenous adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) to enable programmable A-to-I RNA editing, without requiring co-delivery of any exogenous proteins. This approach is highly specific, however the efficiency is typically lower than observed with enzyme overexpression. Conjecturing this was due in part to the short half-life and residence times of guide RNAs, here we engineer highly stablecircularADAR recruiting guideRNAs(cadRNAs), which can be delivered not only by genetically encoding on DNA vectors, but also via transfection of RNA molecules transcribedin vitro. Using these cadRNAs, we observed robust RNA editing across multiple sites and cell lines, in both untranslated and coding regions of RNAs, vastly improved efficiency and durability of RNA editing, and high transcriptome-wide specificity. High transcript-level specificity was achieved by further engineering to reduce bystander editing. Additionally,in vivodelivery of cadRNAs via adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) enabled robust 38% RNA editing of the mPCSK9 transcript in C57BL/6J mice livers, and 12% UAG-to-UGG RNA correction of the amber nonsense mutation in the IDUA-W392X mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis type I-Hurler (MPS I-H) syndrome. Taken together, cadRNAs enable efficacious programmable RNA editing with application across diverse protein modulation and gene therapeutic settings.
Ultrastructural features of presynaptic active zones and dense core vesicles of olfactory projection neuron boutons inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Yang Kai , Liu Tong , Liu He , Di Zengru , Zhang Ke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInDrosophila melanogaster, olfactory projection neurons (PNs) convey odor information from the peripheral olfactory center to higher brain regions. The anatomical and physiological properties of PNs have been well characterized at the cellular and circuit level. The ultrastructural features of PNs remain unknown however, particularly with respect to presynaptic active zones (PAZs) and dense core vesicles (DCVs). In the current study, membrane-labeled electron microscopy was used to volume-reconstruct 89 PN axonal boutons and identify the internal PAZs and DCVs. Based on ultrastructural parameters, these PN boutons could be classified into three morphological distinct subtypes. Interestingly, the distributions of PAZs and DCVs were distinct within these three subtypes. DCVs were enriched in membrane labeled GH146-positive boutons, suggesting that GH146-positive PNs release both neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. The study identified the detailed distributions of PAZs and DCVs in PN boutons and indicates that neuromodulators mediated by DCVs may play an important role in PNs for olfactory processing.