bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the southern crab Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius, 1775) the next invader of Antarctica?
Authors: López‐Farrán Zambra , Guillaumot Charlène , Vargas‐Chacoff Luis , Paschke Kurt , Dulière Valérie , Danis Bruno , Poulin Elie , Saucède Thomas , Waters Jonathan , Gérard Karin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe potential for biological colonization of Antarctic shores is an increasingly important topic in the context of anthropogenic warming. Successful Antarctic invasions to date have been recorded exclusively from terrestrial habitats. While non‐native marine species such as crabs, mussels and tunicates have already been reported from Antarctic coasts, none have as yet established there. Among the potential marine invaders of Antarctic shallow waters is Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius, 1775), a crab with a circum‐Subantarctic distribution and substantial larval dispersal capacity. An ovigerous female of this species was found in shallow waters of Deception Island, South Shetland Islands in 2010. A combination of physiological experiments and ecological modelling was used to assess the potential niche of H. planatus and estimate its future southward boundaries under climate change scenarios. We show that H. planatus has a minimum thermal limit of 1°C, and that its current distribution (assessed by sampling and niche modelling) is physiologically restricted to the Subantarctic region. While this species is presently unable to survive in Antarctica, future warming under both ‘strong mitigation’ and ‘no mitigation’ greenhouse gas emission scenarios will favour its niche expansion to the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) by 2100. Future human activity also has potential to increase the probability of anthropogenic translocation of this species into Antarctic ecosystems.
Oyster biomineralization under ocean acidification: From genes to shell
Authors: Chandra Rajan Kanmani , Meng Yuan , Yu Ziniu , Roberts Steven B. , Vengatesen Thiyagarajan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBiomineralization is one of the key processes that is notably affected in marine calcifiers such as oysters under ocean acidification (OA). Understanding molecular changes in the biomineralization process under OA and its heritability, therefore, is key to developing conservation strategies for protecting ecologically and economically important oyster species. To do this, in this study, we have explicitly chosen the tissue involved in biomineralization (mantle) of an estuarine commercial oyster species, Crassostrea hongkongensis. The primary aim of this study is to understand the influence of DNA methylation over gene expression of mantle tissue under decreased ~pH 7.4, a proxy of OA, and to extrapolate if these molecular changes can be observed in the product of biomineralization—the shell. We grew early juvenile C. hongkongensis, under decreased ~pH 7.4 and control ~pH 8.0 over 4.5 months and studied OA‐induced DNA methylation and gene expression patterns along with shell properties such as microstructure, crystal orientation and hardness. The population of oysters used in this study was found to be moderately resilient to OA at the end of the experiment. The expression of key biomineralization‐related genes such as carbonic anhydrase and alkaline phosphatase remained unaffected; thus, the mechanical properties of the shell (shell growth rate, hardness and crystal orientation) were also maintained without any significant difference between control and OA conditions with signs of severe dissolution. In addition, this study makes three major conclusions: (1) higher expression of Ca2+ binding/signalling‐related genes in the mantle plays a key role in maintaining biomineralization under OA; (2) DNA methylation changes occur in response to OA; however, these methylation changes do not directly control gene expression; and (3) OA would be more of a ‘dissolution problem’ rather than a ‘biomineralization problem’ for resilient species that maintain calcification rate with normal shell growth and mechanical properties.
The climatic debt is growing in the understorey of temperate forests: Stand characteristics matter
Authors: Richard Benoit , Dupouey Jean‐Luc , Corcket Emmanuel , Alard Didier , Archaux Frédéric , Aubert Michaël , Boulanger Vincent , Gillet François , Langlois Estelle , Macé Sébastien , Montpied Pierre , Beaufils Thérèse , Begeot Carole , Behr Patrick , Boissier Jean‐Michel , Camaret Sylvaine , Chevalier Richard , Decocq Guillaume , Dumas Yann , Eynard‐Machet Richard , Gégout Jean‐Claude , Huet Sandrine , Malécot Valéry , Margerie Pierre , Mouly Arnaud , Paul Thierry , Renaux Benoît , Ruffaldi Pascale , Spicher Fabien , Thirion Erwin , Ulrich Erwin , Nicolas Manuel , Lenoir Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimClimate warming reshuffles biological assemblages towards less cold‐adapted but more warm‐adapted species, a process coined thermophilization. However, the velocity at which this process is happening generally lags behind the velocity of climate change, generating a climatic debt the temporal dynamics of which remain misunderstood. Relying on high‐resolution time series of vegetation data from a long‐term monitoring network of permanent forest plots, we aim at quantifying the temporal dynamics – up to a yearly resolution – of the climatic debt in the understorey of temperate forests before identifying the key determinants that modulate it.LocationFrance.Time period1995–2017.Taxa studiedVascular plants.MethodsWe used the community temperature index (CTI) to produce a time series of understorey plant community thermophilization, which we subsequently compared to a time series of mean annual temperature changes over the same period and for the same sites. The direction and magnitude of the difference (i.e., the climatic debt) was finally analysed using linear mixed‐effect models to assess the relative contributions of abiotic and biotic determinants, including forest stand characteristics.ResultsWe found a significant increase in CTI values over time (0.08–0.09 °C/decade), whereas the velocity of mean annual temperature changes was three times higher over the same period (0.22–0.28 °C/decade). Hence, the climatic debt increased over time and was greater in forest stands with higher basal area or older trees as well as under warmer macroclimate. By contrast, a greater frequency of anthropogenic disturbances decreased the climatic debt, while natural disturbances and herbivory had no impact.ConclusionsAlthough often overlooked in understanding the climatic debt of forest biodiversity, changes in forest stand characteristics may modulate the climatic debt by locally modifying microclimatic conditions. Notably, the buffering effect of the upper canopy layer implies microclimate dynamics that may provide more time for understorey plant communities to locally adapt.
Touch and contact during COVID‐19: Insights from queer digital spaces
Authors: Cheded Mohammed , Skandalis Alexandros 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this conceptual paper is to discuss the transformation of socialization processes due to the digitalization of entertainment and community formation during COVID‐19. More specifically, we focus on alternative modes of touch and contact within the context of queer digital entertainment spaces and question how the world is shaped and sensed in a (post‐) COVID‐19 era. Inspired by the work of Karen Barad on a quantum theory of queer intimacies, we highlight that the rise of hybridized experiences in‐between physical and digital spaces captures a series of spatiotemporal, material, and symbolic dimensions of touch and contact. We conclude by drawing implications for the future of organizations and work.
Comparison of single subject and population‐based pharmacokinetics for optimizing prophylaxis with simoctocog alfa in patients with haemophilia A
Authors: Astermark Jan , Olsson Anna , Chelle Pierre , Täckström Kinga , Walger Maria , Magnusson Maria , Iorio Alfonso 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe use of pharmacokinetic assessment for optimal prophylactic dosing of factor concentrates in haemophilia has gained increasing enthusiasm over the last decade. However, blood sampling on several occasions is burdensome and limited sampling using population‐based PK is appealing.AimTo compare the pharmacokinetics and dosing recommendations for prophylaxis using six‐point single subject versus population‐based method (WAPPS‐Hemo) for simoctocog alfa (Nuwiq®).MethodsTwelve adult patients with severe haemophilia A received a factor VIII (FVIII) dose of ≈50 IU/kg, and the activity was measured pre‐infusion and at 30 min, 6, 9, 24 and 48 h post‐infusion. Half‐life (t1/2), weight‐normalized AUC and time to troughs of 5%, 3% and 1% were calculated. The correlation between the PK algorithms was assessed using intraclass correlations (ICC) and dosing estimations were provided.ResultsWAPPS‐Hemo yielded a slightly longer mean t1/2, but the overall correlation between the methods was good (ICC ≥0.79) The time to troughs of 5%, 3% and 1% showed ICCs ≥0.86. For all variables, the most converging limited time point was 6+48 h. Additional time points did not improve the correlation. Despite similar pharmacokinetics, the mean estimated dose for a specific trough level varied from 60% less to 20% more using the population‐based approach. The time to 1% and the corresponding dose was sensitive to the baseline assumption.ConclusionOur data support the use of population‐based PK for patients on simoctocog alfa prophylaxis but also indicates differences, stressing the importance of the sampling scheme and monitoring actual FVIII levels achieved.
Tolerability of four‐drug antiretroviral combination therapy in primary HIV‐1 infection
Authors: Burns JE , Stöhr W , Kinloch‐De Loes S , Fox J , Clarke A , Nelson M , Thornhill J , Babiker A , Frater J , Pett SL , Fidler S 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesRapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is important for individuals with high baseline viral loads, such as in primary HIV‐1 infection (PHI). Four‐drug regimens are sometimes considered; however, data are lacking on tolerability. We aimed to evaluate the tolerability of four‐drug regimens used in the Research in Viral Eradication of HIV‐1 Reservoirs (RIVER) study.MethodsAt enrolment, ART‐naïve adult participants or those newly commenced on ART were initiated or intensified to four‐drug regimens within 4 weeks of PHI. Rapid start was defined as pre‐confirmation or ≤ 7 days of confirmed diagnosis. Primary and secondary outcomes were patient‐reported adherence measured by 7‐day recall and regimen switches between enrolment and randomization, respectively.ResultsOverall, 54 men were included: 72.2% were of white ethnicity, with a median age of 32 years old, 42.6% had a viral load of ≥ 100 000 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL, and in 92.6% sex with men was the mode of acquisition of HIV‐1. Twenty (37%) started a four‐drug regimen and 34 (63%) were intensified. Rapid ART initiation occurred in 28%, 100% started in ≤ 4 weeks. By weeks 4, 12, and 24, 37.0%, 69.0%, and 94.0% were undetectable (viral load < 50 copies/mL), respectively. Adherence rates of 100% at weeks 4, 12, 22 and 24 were reported in 88.9%, 87.0%, 82.4% and 94.1% of participants, respectively. Five individuals switched to three drugs, four changed their regimen constituents, and two switched post‐randomization.ConclusionsOverall, four‐drug regimens were well tolerated and had high levels of adherence. Whilst their benefit over three‐drug regimens is lacking, our findings should provide reassurance if a temporarily intensified regimen is clinically indicated to help facilitate treatment.
Formulation of Pickering emulsions for the development of surfactant‐free sunscreen creams
Authors: Bordes Claire , Bolzinger Marie‐Alexandrine , El Achak Myriam , Pirot Fabrice , Arquier Delphine , Agusti Géraldine , Chevalier Yves 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivePickering emulsions are increasingly used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields, especially for topical applications, since these systems require solid particles as emulsifiers instead of surfactants which are known to cause skin irritation. The solid inorganic nanoparticles (TiO2 and ZnO) used as UV filters in sunscreen formulations may also stabilize emulsion droplets, so that the utility of surfactants may be questioned. Surfactant‐free sunscreen emulsions solely stabilized by such nanoparticles (NPs) have been studied.MethodsThe ability of these NPs to stabilize o/w emulsions containing a ‘model’ oil phase, the C12‐C15 alkylbenzoate, has been assessed. ZnO and hydrophilic silica‐coated TiO2 NPs widely used in sunscreen products were used together with their mixtures. The emulsification efficiency, the control of droplet size and the stability of o/w Pickering emulsions solely stabilized by NPs were investigated. A ZnO/TiO2 NPs mixture characterized by a theoretical SPF of 45 was finally used as unique emulsifiers to develop a surfactant‐free sunscreen emulsion.ResultsStable Pickering emulsions containing 10 up to 60 wt% of C12‐C15 alkyl benzoate were formulated with 2 wt% ZnO in the aqueous phase. The droplet size was controlled by the solid NPs content with respect to oil and the emulsification process. Hydrophilic TiO2 NPs did not allow the stabilization of emulsions. The substitution of TiO2 for ZnO up to 60–70 wt% in a 20/80 o/w emulsion was successfully performed. Finally, a ZnO/TiO2 NP mixture was tested as unique emulsifier system for the formulation of a sunscreen cream. Despite a lower viscosity, the obtained Pickering emulsion was stable and exhibited a photoprotective effect similar to the corresponding surfactant‐based sunscreen cream with an in vitro SPF of about 45.ConclusionSurfactant‐free Pickering emulsions can be stabilized by the UV‐filter nanoparticles for the manufacture of sunscreen products.
Effect of the local probiotics in the therapy of periodontitis A randomized prospective study
Authors: Minić Ivan , Pejčić Ana , Bradić‐Vasić Marija 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe use of local probiotics in the therapy of periodontitis is reflected in their ability to antagonize periodontopathogens and modulates the immune response of the host to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of local probiotics in the treatment of periodontitis as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planning (SRP).MethodsThe study involved 80 patients diagnosed with periodontitis. All participants underwent SRP therapy. Semi‐solid probiotic was then locally applied to the periodontal pocket in randomly selected patients for the test group (40 of them). The other 40 patients were in the control group. Clinical parameters including periodontal pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque index (PI) were measured at baseline, and at 7 and 30 days after treatment.ResultsSeven days after the applied therapy in the test and control group, there was a significant decrease in the values or BOP (p < .001), while the values of other parameters did not show a statistically significant difference (p < .05). One month after the therapy in both groups, there was a statistically significant difference in the values of all clinical parameters (p < .001).ConclusionsBased on the results of this pilot study, it can be said that, during periodontal treatment, topical application of probiotics in combination with SRP increases the effectiveness of conventional non‐surgical therapy of periodontitis.
Identification and validation of novel biomarkers and therapeutics for pulpitis using connectivity mapping
Authors: Al‐Natour Banan , Rankin Robby , McKenna Robyn , McMillan Hayley , Zhang Shu‐Dong , About Imad , Khan Asma A. , Galicia Johnah C. , Lundy Fionnuala T. , El‐Karim Ikhlas A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo create an irreversible pulpitis gene signature from microarray data of healthy and inflamed dental pulps, followed by a bioinformatics approach using connectivity mapping to identify therapeutic compounds that could potentially treat pulpitis.MethodologyThe Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, an international public repository of genomics data sets, was searched for human microarray datasets assessing pulpitis. An irreversible pulpitis gene expression signature was generated by differential expression analysis. The statistically significant connectivity map (ssCMap) method was used to identify compounds with a highly correlating gene expression pattern. qPCR was used to validate novel pulpitis genes. An ex vivo pulpitis model was used to test the effects of the compounds identified, and the level of inflammatory cytokines was measured with qPCR, ELISA and multiplex array. Means were compared using the t‐test or ANOVA with the level of significance set at p ≤ .05.ResultsPulpitis gene signatures were created using differential gene expression analysis at cutoff points p = .0001 and .000018. Top upregulated genes were selected as potential pulpitis biomarkers. Among these, IL8, IL6 and MMP9 were previously identified as pulpitis biomarkers. Novel upregulated genes, chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21), metallothionein 1H (MT1H) and aquaporin 9 (AQP9) were validated in the pulp tissue of teeth clinically diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis using qPCR. ssCMap analysis identified fluvastatin (Statin) and dequalinium chloride (Quaternary ammonium) as compounds with the strongest correlation to the gene signatures (p = .0001). Fluvastatin reduced IL8, IL6, CCL21, AQP9 (p < .001) and MMP9 (p < .05) in the ex vivo pulpitis model, while dequalinium chloride reduced AQP9 (p < .001) but had no significant effect on the other biomarkers.ConclusionsAQP9, MT1H and CCL21 were identified and validated as novel biomarkers for pulpitis. Fluvastatin and dequalinium chloride identified by the ssCMap as potential therapeutics for pulpitis reduced selected pulpitis biomarkers in an ex vivo pulpitis model. In vivo testing of these licenced drugs is warranted.
The role of caveolin‐1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms in susceptibility to prostate cancer
Authors: Aliyari Mahdieh , Elieh Ali Komi Daniel , Kiani Amir , Moradi Mahmoudreza , Tanhapour Maryam , Rahimi Zohreh , Mozafari Hadi , Mohammadi‐Noori Ehsan , Pourmotabbed Tayebeh , Vaisi‐Raygani Asad , Bahrehmand Fariborz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCaveolin‐1(cav‐1) is overexpressed in prostate cancer (PC) and is associated with progression of the disease. We investigated the effects of CAV1‐T29107A and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) G894T polymorphisms on the serum levels of testosterone, NO and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) in patients with PC. We genotyped cav‐1 and eNOS genes in 112 PC patients and 150 healthy controls by PCR‐RFLP. Serum levels ofandwere measured using spectrophotometry, and serum levels of testosterone and PSA were measured by ELISA. The frequencies of CAV1 genotypes A/T vs. A/A according to the dominant model AT + TT vs. AA genotype and T allele were significantly higher in PC patients in comparison with the control group and considerably increased the risk of disease by 2.19‐, 1.44‐ and 1.6‐fold, respectively. AT + TT genotypes were associated significantly with the increased risk of PC in those with smoking or diabetes by 3.08‐fold (P = .004). Individuals carrying concurrently the T allele of CAV1 A29107T and the T allele of eNOS G894T genes had a significantly increased risk of PC by 2.52‐fold (P = .009). We did not find any significant relationship between eNOS G894T genotypes and alleles with susceptibility to PC. Our results highlighted the significance of CAV1‐T29107A SNP but not (eNOS) G894T in the susceptibility to PC in our the population that we have studied.
A review of organizational research on acculturation from a nonwork–work spillover perspective: Content analysis and future research guidelines
Authors: Valenzuela Marcus A. , Nguyen Angela‐MinhTu D. , Taras Vasyl 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAcculturation has played an important role in understanding the behaviours, intergroup relations and adjustment of cultural minorities in their mainstream national culture. Additionally, organizational research has shown that acculturation is associated with a range of work‐related variables. Prior reviews on acculturation have not approached the literature from this angle, which we termed a nonwork–work spillover perspective on acculturation. To fill this gap, we conducted a content analysis of quantitative empirical research to examine how acculturation from a nonwork–work spillover perspective has been studied in terms of its conceptualization and operationalization and what has been studied per its association with work‐related variables. This review is especially important given the complexity associated with the conceptualization and operationalization of acculturation, which may affect the validity of the interpretation of research results in this area. We also offer recommendations for addressing the extant research limitations and provide guidance for future research on acculturation in organizational settings.
Liraglutide pharmacokinetics and exposure‐response in adolescents with obesity
Authors: Carlsson Petri Kristin C. , Hale Paula M. , Hesse Dan , Rathor Naveen , Mastrandrea Lucy D. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryBackgroundObesity in adolescence presents a major public health challenge, often leading to obesity in adulthood with associated chronic disease.ObjectivesThis study aimed to perform a population pharmacokinetic and exposure‐response analysis of liraglutide by meta‐analysis of data from trials conducted in children, adolescents and adults with obesity.MethodsThe population pharmacokinetic analysis investigated the effect of covariates body weight, age group (children, adolescents and adults) and sex on liraglutide exposure in adolescents compared with previous results in adults. The exposure‐response relationship of liraglutide for the change from baseline in body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS) was evaluated in adolescents and compared to that in adults.ResultsBody weight was the main covariate affecting liraglutide exposure, with lower exposures at higher body weights, whereas age group was of no importance and sex was of little importance. An exposure‐response relationship was demonstrated for liraglutide in both adolescents and adults as the decrease in BMI SDS from baseline increased in an exposure‐dependent manner with increasing liraglutide exposure.ConclusionsThe population pharmacokinetic analysis supported similar liraglutide exposures in adolescents and adults; body weight was the most important covariate affecting exposure. An exposure‐response relationship was established for liraglutide.
Adult social care managers speak out: Exploring leadership development
Authors: McCray Janet , Temple Paul Furness , McGregor Suzanna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs part of a 2‐year research project, 79 interviews were undertaken with adult social care (ASC) registered managers (RMs) in England. The study aimed to identify the factors that influence the leadership practice and priorities of RMs in their role in ASC at two points, before and after a leadership development programme (LDP). A critical framework of Bourdieu is used to explore and analyse how the RM's disposition plays out as they lead in the ASC sector. A narrative inquiry methodology was applied. Results found that a lack of funding and increasing regulation has added emotional stress to the RM leadership role and their motivation to lead. In order to cope, addressing the localised leadership development needs of the RMs was central and emotional wellness key. There is the potential for the ASC home to become a social arena for conflict between differing agency power relationships. By experiencing their preferred LDP, the RMs had gained insights into their position as a leader in ASC and how, by their own actions, they could both influence and shape it.