bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasi-Market Competition in Public Service Provision: User Sorting and Cream-Skimming
Authors: Guul Thorbjørn Sejr , Hvidman Ulrik , Sievertsen Hans Henrik 
Published: February 2021

AbstractQuasi-markets that introduce choice and competition between public service providers are intended to improve quality and efficiency. This article demonstrates that quasi-market competition may also affect the distribution of users. First, we develop a simple theoretical framework that distinguishes between user sorting and cream-skimming as mechanisms through which quasi-markets may lead to high-ability users becoming more concentrated among one group of providers and low-ability users among a different group. Second, we empirically examine the impact of a nationwide quasi-market policy that introduced choice and activity-based budgeting into Danish public high schools. We exploit variation in the degree of competition that schools were exposed to, based on the concentration of providers within a geographical area. Using a differences-in-differences design—and register data containing the full population of students over a 9-year period (N = 207,394)—we show that the composition of students became more concentrated in terms of intake grade point average after the reform in high-competition areas relative to low-competition areas. These responses in high-competition regions appear to be driven both by changes in user sorting on the demand side and by cream-skimming behavior among public providers on the supply side.
Effects of elevated temperature on chemistry of an invasive plant, its native congener and their herbivores
Authors: Liu Zhen , Yu Hongwei , Sun Xiao , Ding Jianqing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClimatic warming affects plant growth and physiology, yet how warming alters chemistry in invasive plants and indirectly affects herbivorous insects remains largely unknown. Here, we explored warming-induced changes in leaf chemistry of the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides and its native congener Alternanthera sessilis, and further examined how these changes affected the performance of the herbivores, Cassida piperata and Spodoptera litura. We conducted a simulated warming experiment to address its effects on 13 leaf chemical traits of A. philoxeroides and A. sessilis. We measured growth and development time of two herbivores reared on plants from warming or ambient controls. Warming significantly affected leaf chemistry composition for both the invasive and native Alternanthera. Warming decreased nitrogen concentration in A. philoxeroides and increased total flavonoid and total phenol concentration in A. sessilis. The effects of warming on nutrients (i.e. fructose, sucrose, total soluble sugar and starch) varied with individual chemicals and plant species. Weight of C. piperata pupal and S. litura larval reared on warming-treated A. sessilis significantly decreased compared with non-warmed control, and a similar pattern was observed for weight of S. litura larval feeding on warming-treated A. philoxeroides. In addition, warming-treated A. sessilis significantly prolonged larval development time of S. litura. These results indicate that warming can directly affect the leaf chemistry in both invasive plant and its native congener, but these effects vary by species. Such differences in warming-induced changes in plant chemistry could indirectly affect herbivorous insects associated with the invasive and native plants.
Environmental constraints on the inter-genus variation in the scaling relationship between leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations
Authors: Guo Yanpei , Yan Zhengbing , Zhang Yi-Wei , Zhou Guoyi , Xie Zongqiang , Tang Zhiyao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsThe scaling relationship between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations ([N] and [P], respectively) in leaves manifests plants’ relative investment between the two nutrients. However, the variation in this relationship among taxa as well as its causes was seldom described.MethodsThe analysis was based on a dataset including 2483 leaf samples from 46 genera of angiosperm woody plants from 1733 sites across China. We calculated the leaf N–P scaling exponent (βL) with an allometric equation ([N] = α[P]β), for each genus, respectively. We then performed phylogenetic path analyses to test how the climate and soil niche conditions of these genera contributed to the inter-genus variation in βL.Important FindingsThe genera living with lower soil P availability presented a more favoured P uptake relative to N, as shown by the higher βL, suggesting a resistant trend to P limitation. Additionally, genus-wise βL was positively correlated with soil N–P scaling exponents (βS), implying that the variation in leaf nutrients is constrained by the variability in their sources from soil. Finally, climatic factors including temperature and moisture did not affect βL directly, but could have an indirect influence by mediating soil nutrients. Phylogeny did not affect the inter-genus variation in βL along environmental gradients. These results reveal that the trade-off between N and P uptake is remarkably shaped by genus niches, especially soil nutrient conditions, suggesting that the βL could be considered as a functional trait reflecting characteristics of nutrient utilization of plant taxa in response to niche differentiation.
Parental Anxiety and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Pediatric Food Allergy
Authors: Roberts Kate , Meiser-Stedman Richard , Brightwell Alex , Young Judith 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore anxiety, worry, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in parents of children with food allergies, and to evaluate whether these three psychological outcomes could be predicted by allergy severity, intolerance of uncertainty, and food allergy self-efficacy.

Methods
Participants were 105 parents who reported their children to have medically diagnosed food allergies. Participants were recruited to a study on parent wellbeing through an allergy clinic and social media advertisements. Participants completed online questionnaires assessing anxiety, worry, PTSS, intolerance of uncertainty, food allergy self-efficacy, and demographic and allergy information.

Results
In this sample, 81.0% of parents reported clinically significant worry, 42.3% met the clinical cut-off for PTSS, and 39.1% reported moderate-extremely severe anxiety. Greater intolerance of uncertainty and lower food allergy self-efficacy were associated with poorer psychological outcomes, with mixed results for allergy severity. However, intolerance of uncertainty was the only variable to consistently account for unique variance within regression models.

Conclusions
This study highlights the need for greater awareness of mental health in parents of children with food allergy. The study also indicates that factors impacting on parents’ perception of threat may be most strongly predictive of psychological outcomes, warranting further research. Finally, the study indicates that intolerance of uncertainty may be a promising target for psychological interventions within this population.
‘I Have No Clue About My Future (…) (if) I Stay Here or Not’: Participatory Research With Unaccompanied Minors in the German Reception System
Authors: Gebhardt Mareike , Rocchi Matilde 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of the concepts of vulnerability, liminality, agency, and resilience, this article presents findings from a participatory study with unaccompanied minors (UMs) who have been processed through the German reception system. Methodologically and epistemologically informed by both participatory research designs and postcolonial studies, the voices of eight UMs echo through this article, pushing these interlocutors beyond objectivation and victimization. As participants, not research objects, they played a vital role in this study’s knowledge production and provided categories and critiques to scrutinize Germany’s forced migration management. The study demonstrates the need for critical literature and research in refugee studies that empower the putative ‘Others’ to speak. It, thus, contributes to the growing field and literature of critical refugee studies with an innovative gaze seeking to define the limitations, challenges, and experiences of UMs in Germany’s reception system.
Allograft Deltoid Reconstruction for Chronic Deltoid Disruption in a High-Level Military Operator: A Case Report
Authors: Shazadeh Safavi Kiya , Rezvani Aryan , Janney Cory F 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a unique case of chronic deltoid ligament disruption in a 34-year-old high-level military operator with a 12-month history of acute-onset medial ankle pain. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an isolated chronic disruption of the superficial and deep deltoid ligament. The patient was managed operatively with a semitendinosus allograft. No complications were observed during the intra- or perioperative periods. At 12-month follow-up, the patient reported near-complete pain resolution and was able to return to unrestricted active duty. Use of allograft ligamentous reconstruction of the deltoid ligament in a highly active soldier was successful, allowing return to unrestricted active duty.
Health Outcomes Used to Determine Facets of Health-related Quality of Life for Post-9/11 Veterans Using Assistive Technology for A Combat-related Mobility Impairment: A Literature Review
Authors: Greenhalgh Mark , Kulich Hailee , Blaauw Eline , Turner Rose , Peterson Sara , Cooper Rory A , Songer Thomas 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Novel rehabilitation methods, including distribution and adoption of assistive technology for lower extremity impairments, are becoming crucial to ensure positive quality of life in all individuals. The quality of life of post-9/11 combat veterans is not well understood, in comparison to research on other populations. The following essay describes a review on health outcomes used to determine health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) among combat-injured service members who require mobility-related assistive technology.

Materials and Methods
Reviews pooled data from research on PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO published after September 11, 2001, and included service members who sustained a mobility impairment because of involvement in a post-9/11 combat operation. Basic descriptors were extracted in addition to health outcomes used, which were then categorized and summarized by six domains for HR-QoL as defined by the World Health Organization.

Results
This review found health outcomes that fit in the pain and discomfort, negative emotions, mobility, social relations, access to and quality of healthcare services, and religious/spiritual/personal beliefs subdomains. The categorized results detailed their application to track and model HR-QoL health states in those with mobility impairments using mobility-based assistive technology.

Conclusions
The research on combat-induced mobility impairments indicates assistive technology improves otherwise poor health states. The results model these domains and subdomains to determine overall HR-QoL and the quality of a healthcare intervention, though additional research is needed as only one study was identified to be experimental in design.
The French Pre-Deployment Advanced Course in Anesthesia and Resuscitation: Development and Future Prospects
Authors: Py Nicolas , Martinez Thibault , Boyé Matthieu , Tourtier Jean-Pierre , Meaudre Eric , Benbrika Widad , Ausset Sylvain , Pasquier Pierre 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Military anesthesiologists from the French Military Medical Service (FMMS) are part of the Forward Surgical Teams deployed in overseas military operations. The practice of anesthesia in combat zones requires specific skills that are not taught during the initial curriculum for French civilian anesthesiologist. The Pre-Deployment Advanced Course in Anesthesia and Resuscitation (DACAR) program was developed to prepare military anesthesiologist from the FMMS before their deployment in overseas military operations.

Methods
Created in 2013 by the French Military Medical Academy, the DACAR program is divided into two modules and carried out once a year. The DACAR program trains all military anesthesiologist residents at the end of their curricula. Since 2019, a number of Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists have completed the DACAR program. The DACAR program is organized around the main axes of experience feedback from previous deployments in combat zones as well as didactic learning and practical training using high-fidelity simulation.

Results
Since 2013, a total of 99 trainees completed the DACAR program during six complete cycles of two modules. The DACAR program has gradually been enriched from 14 courses in 2013 to 28 in 2019. Participants’ reported satisfaction rates have increased steadily since 2016, when 88% of courses were rated as “interesting” or “very interesting,” and only 4% as “not very interesting.” By 2019, those figures had improved to 96% and 2%, respectively.

Conclusion
The DACAR program is a structured and adapted military medical course aimed at completing the curriculum of military anesthesiologists from the FMMS before deployment in overseas military operations. Regular audits and updates ensure that the DACAR training program maintains the highest standards of quality and rigor.
The phenomenology of dynamical neutron star tides
Authors: Andersson N , Pnigouras P 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We introduce a phenomenological, physically motivated, model for the effective tidal deformability of a neutron star, adding the frequency dependence (associated with the star’s fundamental mode of oscillation) that comes into play during the late stages of the binary inspiral. Testing the model against alternative descriptions, we demonstrate that it provides an accurate representation of the dynamical tide up to close to merger. The simplicity of the prescription makes it an attractive alternative for a gravitational-wave data analysis implementation, facilitating an inexpensive construction of a large number of templates covering the relevant parameter space.
Observational insights on the origin of giant low surface brightness galaxies
Authors: Saburova Anna S , Chilingarian Igor V , Kasparova Anastasia V , Sil’chenko Olga K , Grishin Kirill A , Katkov Ivan Yu , Uklein Roman I 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Giant low surface brightness galaxies (gLSBGs) with dynamically cold stellar discs reaching the radius of 130 kpc challenge currently considered galaxy formation mechanisms. We analyse new deep long-slit optical spectroscopic observations, archival optical images, and published Hi and optical spectroscopic data for a sample of seven gLSBGs, for which we performed mass modelling and estimated the parameters of dark matter haloes assuming the Burkert dark matter density profile. Our sample is not homogeneous by morphology, parameters of stellar populations, and total mass, however, six of seven galaxies sit on the high-mass extension of the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation. In UGC 1382, we detected a global counterrotation of the stellar high surface brightness (HSB) disc with respect to the extended LSB disc. In UGC 1922 with signatures of a possible merger, the gas counterrotation is seen in the inner disc. Six galaxies host active galactic nuclei, three of which have the estimated black hole masses substantially below those expected for their (pseudo-)bulge properties suggesting poor merger histories. Overall, the morphology, internal dynamics, and low star formation efficiency in the outer discs indicate that the three formation scenarios shape gLSBGs: (i) a two-stage formation when an HSB galaxy is formed first and then grows an LSB disc by accreting gas from an external supply; (ii) an unusual shallow and extended dark matter halo; (iii) a major merger with fine-tuned orbital parameters and morphologies of the merging galaxies.
Evolution of Conserved Noncoding Sequences inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Yocca Alan E. , Lu Zefu , Schmitz Robert J. , Freeling Michael , Edger Patrick P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecent pangenome studies have revealed a large fraction of the gene content within a species exhibits presence–absence variation (PAV). However, coding regions alone provide an incomplete assessment of functional genomic sequence variation at the species level. Little to no attention has been paid to noncoding regulatory regions in pangenome studies, though these sequences directly modulate gene expression and phenotype. To uncover regulatory genetic variation, we generated chromosome-scale genome assemblies for thirty Arabidopsis thaliana accessions from multiple distinct habitats and characterized species level variation in Conserved Noncoding Sequences (CNS). Our analyses uncovered not only PAV and positional variation (PosV) but that diversity in CNS is nonrandom, with variants shared across different accessions. Using evolutionary analyses and chromatin accessibility data, we provide further evidence supporting roles for conserved and variable CNS in gene regulation. Additionally, our data suggests that transposable elements contribute to CNS variation. Characterizing species-level diversity in all functional genomic sequences may later uncover previously unknown mechanistic links between genotype and phenotype.
Long-term outcomes of kidney donors with fibromuscular dysplasia
Authors: Adrogue Horacio E , Evans Andrew , Murad Dina N , Nguyen Hana , Hebert Sean A , Nguyen Duc T , Graviss Edward A , Ibrahim Hassan N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-atherosclerotic systemic arterial disease that is not infrequently discovered during kidney donor evaluation. Current guidelines do not provide recommendations regarding the use of kidneys from donors with FMD and there is a paucity of data on the outcomes of these donors.

Methods
The Renal and Lung Living Donor Evaluation (RELIVE) study addressed long-term outcomes of 8922 kidney donors who donated between 1963 and 2007. We compared the development of hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), proteinuria and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in 113 kidney donors with FMD discovered during donor evaluation versus 452 propensity score matched donors without FMD. Outcomes modeling with logistic and Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier statistics were performed.

Results
Donors with FMD were older (51 versus 39 years), were more likely to be women (80% versus 56%) and had a higher systolic blood pressure at donation (124.7 versus 121.3 mmHg) (P &lt; 0.05 for all). After a mean ± standard deviation follow-up of 15.5 ± 8.9 years, a similar proportion of donors with and without FMD were alive, and developed hypertension (22.2% versus 19.8%), proteinuria (20.6% versus 13.7%) and CVD (13.3% versus 13.5%). No donor with FMD developed an eGFR &lt;30 mL/min/1.73 m2 or end-stage kidney disease. The multivariable risk of mortality, CVD and renal outcomes in donors with FMD was not elevated.

Conclusions
Kidney donors with FMD appear to do well, do not appear to incur increased risks of hypertension, proteinuria, CVD or reduced eGFR, and perhaps carefully selected candidates with FMD can safely donate as long as involvement of other vascular beds is ruled out.
Integrated molecular analysis of adult sonic hedgehog (SHH)-activated medulloblastomas reveals two clinically relevant tumor subsets with VEGFA as potent prognostic indicator
Authors: Korshunov Andrey , Okonechnikov Konstantin , Stichel Damian , Ryzhova Marina , Schrimpf Daniel , Sahm Felix , Sievers Philipp , Absalyamova Oksana , Zheludkova Olga , Golanov Andrey , Jones David T W , Pfister Stefan M , von Deimling Andreas , Kool Marcel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Up to now, adult medulloblastoma (MB) patients are treated according to the protocols elaborated for pediatric MB although these tumors are different in terms of clinical outcomes and biology. Approximately 70% of adult MB disclose a sonic hedgehog (SHH) molecular signature in contrast to about 30% in pediatric cohorts. In addition, adult SHH-MB (aSHH-MB) are clinically heterogeneous but there is consensus neither on their optimal treatment nor on risk stratification. Thus, the identification of clinically relevant molecular subsets of aSHH-MB and identification of potential treatment targets remains inconclusive.

Methods
We analyzed 96 samples of institutionally diagnosed aSHH-MB through genome-wide DNA methylation profiling, targeted DNA sequencing, and RNA sequencing to identify molecular subcategories of these tumors and assess their prognostic significance.

Results
We defined two aSHH-MB numerically comparable epigenetic subsets with clinical and molecular variability. The subset “aSHH-MBI” (46%/48%) was associated with PTCH1/SMO (54%/46%) mutations, “neuronal” transcriptional signatures, and favorable outcomes after combined radio-chemotherapy (5-year PFS = 80% and OS = 92%). The clinically unfavorable “aSHH-MBII” subset (50%/52%; 5-year PFS = 24% and OS = 45%) disclosed GLI2 amplifications (8%), loss of 10q (22%), and gene expression signatures associated with angiogenesis and embryonal development. aSHH-MBII tumors revealed strong and ubiquitous expression of VEGFA both at transcript and protein levels that was correlated with unfavorable outcome.

Conclusions
(1) The histologically uniform aSHH-MB cohort exhibits clear molecular heterogeneity separating these tumors into two molecular subsets (aSHH-MBI and aSHH-MBII), which are associated with different cytogenetics, mutational landscapes, gene expression signatures, and clinical course. (2) VEGFA appears to be a promising biomarker to predict clinical course, which needs further prospective validation as its potential role in the pathogenesis of this subset.
Pseudoaneurysm Trapping and Reanastomosis of the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery After Prior Microvascular Decompressions for Hemifacial Spasm
Authors: Catapano Joshua S , Jonzzon Soren , Frisoli Fabio A , Nguyen Candice L , Labib Mohamed A , Baranoski Jacob F , Cole Tyler S , Lang Michael J , Zhou James J , Lawton Michael T 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms are uncommon, and PICA pseudoaneurysms are even rarer. Endovascular treatment options exist for such lesions but usually require arterial sacrifice. This case report describes the successful treatment of a PICA pseudoaneurysm by trapping and end-to-end PICA reanastomosis.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 70-yr-old woman with a history of multiple microvascular decompressions for hemifacial spasm presented with new-onset facial droop caused by an enlarging, unruptured left PICA pseudoaneurysm. It was treated with trapping and end-to-end PICA reanastomosis, which is the first reported case of this technique for a PICA pseudoaneurysm. The bypass was patent, the pseudoaneurysm occluded, and the patient recovered well from her surgery.

CONCLUSION
Pseudoaneurysm formation and growth after microvascular decompression is unusual. Albeit a deep and challenging bypass, trapping and an end-to-end PICA reanastomosis excluded the pseudoaneurysm, prevented further growth and/or rupture, and alleviated the patient's compressive symptoms.