bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Fully Integrated Closed‐Loop System Based on Mesoporous Microneedles‐Iontophoresis for Diabetes Treatment
Authors: Li Xiangling , Huang Xinshuo , Mo Jingshan , Wang Hao , Huang Qiqi , Yang Cheng , Zhang Tao , Chen Hui‐Jiuan , Hang Tian , Liu Fanmao , Jiang Lelun , Wu Qianni , Li Hongbo , Hu Ning , Xie Xi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA closed‐loop system that can mini‐invasively track blood glucose and intelligently treat diabetes is in great demand for modern medicine, yet it remains challenging to realize. Microneedles technologies have recently emerged as powerful tools for transdermal applications with inherent painlessness and biosafety. In this work, for the first time to the authors' knowledge, a fully integrated wearable closed‐loop system (IWCS) based on mini‐invasive microneedle platform is developed for in situ diabetic sensing and treatment. The IWCS consists of three connected modules: 1) a mesoporous microneedle‐reverse iontophoretic glucose sensor; 2) a flexible printed circuit board as integrated and control; and 3) a microneedle‐iontophoretic insulin delivery component. As the key component, mesoporous microneedles enable the painless penetration of stratum corneum, implementing subcutaneous substance exchange. The coupling with iontophoresis significantly enhances glucose extraction and insulin delivery and enables electrical control. This IWCS is demonstrated to accurately monitor glucose fluctuations, and responsively deliver insulin to regulate hyperglycemia in diabetic rat model. The painless microneedles and wearable design endows this IWCS as a highly promising platform to improve the therapies of diabetic patients.
Deep Learning‐Assisted Quantification of Atomic Dopants and Defects in 2D Materials
Authors: Yang Sang‐Hyeok , Choi Wooseon , Cho Byeong Wook , Agyapong‐Fordjour Frederick Osei‐Tutu , Park Sehwan , Yun Seok Joon , Kim Hyung‐Jin , Han Young‐Kyu , Lee Young Hee , Kim Ki Kang , Kim Young‐Min 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAtomic dopants and defects play a crucial role in creating new functionalities in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs). Therefore, atomic‐scale identification and their quantification warrant precise engineering that widens their application to many fields, ranging from development of optoelectronic devices to magnetic semiconductors. Scanning transmission electron microscopy with a sub‐Å probe has provided a facile way to observe local dopants and defects in 2D TMDs. However, manual data analytics of experimental images is a time‐consuming task, and often requires subjective decisions to interpret observed signals. Therefore, an approach is required to automate the detection and classification of dopants and defects. In this study, based on a deep learning algorithm, fully convolutional neural network that shows a superior ability of image segmentation, an efficient and automated method for reliable quantification of dopants and defects in TMDs is proposed with single‐atom precision. The approach demonstrates that atomic dopants and defects are precisely mapped with a detection limit of ≈1 × 1012 cm−2, and with a measurement accuracy of ≈98% for most atomic sites. Furthermore, this methodology is applicable to large volume of image data to extract atomic site‐specific information, thus providing insights into the formation mechanisms of various defects under stimuli.
Highly Temperature‐Stable Carbon Nanotube Transistors and Gigahertz Integrated Circuits for Cryogenic Electronics
Authors: Xie Yunong , Zhong Donglai , Fan Chenwei , Deng Xiaosong , Peng Lian‐Mao , Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCryogenic electronics are attracting more and more attentions owing to the rising of space exploration and quantum computing, in which low‐temperature stable operation is even more concerned than performance of the integrated circuits (ICs). As a promising semiconducting material, carbon nanotube (CNT) has been extensively explored on its low‐temperature transport characteristics, but the cryogenic electronics application of CNT transistors and ICs has seldom been demonstrated. In this work, the low‐temperature operation of field‐effect transistors (FETs) and ICs built on solution‐derived high semiconducting purity randomly oriented CNT film is investigated. The randomly oriented CNT FETs exhibit much higher temperature stability than the individual CNT based FETs and Si transistors from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature, and then the ICs constructed by the CNT film FETs present excellent temperature‐stability. Specifically, the fabricated five‐stage ring oscillators (ROs) exhibit oscillation frequency up to 1.5 GHz with the performance change less than 0.5% at the temperature ranging from 300 to 80 K. The work reveals the great potential of high‐performance transistors and ICs built on randomly oriented CNT films in cryogenic electronics applications.
Integrated weed management with reduced herbicides in a no‐till dairy rotation
Authors: Summers Haleigh , Karsten Heather D. , Curran William , Malcolm Glenna M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith more than 65% of agronomic crops under no‐till in Pennsylvania, herbicides are relied on for weed management. To lessen the environmental impact and selection pressure for herbicide resistance, we conducted a 9‐yr experiment to test herbicide reduction practices in a dairy crop rotation at Rock Springs, PA. The rotation included soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]–corn (Zea mays L.)–3‐yr alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)–canola (Brassica napus L.). The following practices were used to reduce herbicide inputs: (a) banding residual herbicides over corn and soybean rows and using high‐residue inter‐row cultivation; (b) seeding a small grain companion crop with alfalfa; (c) plowing once in 6 yr to terminate the perennial forage. These practices were compared with standard herbicide‐based weed management (SH) in continuous no‐till. We hypothesized: (a) There would be more weed biomass in the reduced herbicide treatment (RH), (b) leading to more weeds in RH over time, but (c) the added weed pressure would not affect yield (d) or differences in net return. We sampled weed biomass in soybean, corn, and the first two forage years. In corn and soybean, weed biomass was often greater in RH than SH and increased over the years in the RH treatments. In the forage, weed biomass did not always differ between treatments. Yield and differences in net return were similar in most crops and years. Results suggest that weed management with reduced herbicide inputs supplemented with an integrated approach can be effective but may lead to more weeds over time.
Whole genome sequencing identifies a cryptic SOX9 regulatory element duplication underlying a case of 46,XX ovotesticular difference of sexual development
Authors: Qian Zhiyu , Grand Katheryn , Freedman Andrew , Nieto Maria C. , Behlmann Andrea , Schweiger Bahareh M. , Sanchez‐Lara Pedro A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOvotesticular differences of sexual development (OT‐DSD) are rare genetic variances defined by the coexistence of both testicular and ovarian tissues. Various molecular etiologies including SRY translocation or SOX9 pathogenic variants with different modes of inheritance have been associated with 46,XX OT‐DSD. Here we describe a child diagnosed with SRY‐negative 46,XX OT‐DSD after completing a series of complex clinical genetic analyses, including chromosomal microarray, DSD gene panel (sequencing and deletion/duplication analysis), whole exome sequencing, and whole genome sequencing. Of these, only whole genome sequencing reported a pathogenic duplication in a non‐coding region that contains the RevSex regulatory element, which modifies SOX9 expression and is associated with 46,XX OT‐DSD and complete sex reversal. This is the first clinical RevSex duplication detected by clinical whole genome sequencing. We highlight the utility of whole genome sequencing in shortening the diagnostic odyssey and the importance of optimal counseling through a team‐based multi‐specialty approach for patients with DSDs.
Investigation of DNA binding and bioactivities of furan cored Schiff base Cu (II), Ni (II), and Co (III) complexes: Synthesis, characterization and spectroscopic properties
Authors: Venkateswarlu Kadtala , Daravath Sreenu , Ramesh Gali , Lakshmi P. V. Anantha , Shivaraj  
Published: June 2021

Novel binary metal complexes,1[Cu(FMIMBMOP)2],2[Ni(FMIMBMOP)2] and3[Co(FMIMBMOP)3], where FMIMBMOP (2‐((E)‐((furan‐2‐yl)methylimino)methyl)‐4‐bromo‐6‐methoxyphenol), were synthesized and characterized using different analytical techniques. Result of spectral studies reveals that square planar geometry is assigned for Cu (II) and Ni (II) complexes, whereas octahedral geometry is assigned for Co (III) complex. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for the degradation of the complexes were ascertained by Coats–Redfern method for thermogravimetric data attained from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The stability of the complexes has been calculated from quantum chemical parameters using highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies. The DNA binding of complexes was studied by using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopic technique; screening their ability to bind to calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) showed that the complexes can interact with CT‐DNA through intercalation mood, where theKbvalues are 2.59 ± 0.01 × 104, 7.43 ± 0.03 × 103, and 6.73 ± 0.02 × 104 M−1for1,2, and3, respectively. Stern–Volmer quenching constant (Ksv) values ranged from 2.32 ± 0.03 × 103to 1.66 ± 0.02 × 104 M−1were calculated for complexes from fluorescence studies. The oxidative and photolytic cleavage of supercoiled pBR322 DNA was studied and found that the complexes have cleaved this DNA effectively. The novel metal complexes have shown significant antioxidant activity against DPPH radical. The antibacterial activity of Schiff base and its metal complexes screened againstBacillus thuringiensis,Streptococcus pneumoniae,Escherichia coli, andPseudomonas putidawas investigated, and the results indicated that the metal complexes have better results than Schiff base ligand. The catalytic ability of metal complexes1,2, and3was found to be3 > 1 > 2.
Hydrolyzed collagen on PVA‐based electrospun membranes: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: García‐Hernández Alitzel Belem , Morales‐Sánchez Eduardo , Calderón‐Domínguez Georgina , Salgado‐Cruz Ma. de la Paz , Farrera‐Rebollo Reynold Ramón , Vega‐Cuellar Miguel Ángel , García‐Bórquez Arturo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhysicochemical, structural, and thermal properties of electrospun membranes depend on process conditions and the type and concentration of the raw materials used to produce them. In this work, the electrospinning technique (ES) is used to synthesize membranes with hydrolyzed collagen (HC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at two different distances. The characterization of these membranes is then carried out by X‐Ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, water vapor permeability (WVP), microscopy techniques, and porosity measurements. Results show that the morphology of the ES membranes depends mainly on the polymer/solvent system's physicochemical properties and the distance to the collector. Thicker samples (68–86 μm) are formed when using the furthest distance (10 cm), having fiber diameters smaller than 1 μm, porosity percentages up to 90%, and WVP values close to or in the recommended range for wound dressing commercial products. Moreover, the presence of HC results in samples with a less crystalline structure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in which PVA and HC membranes are successfully synthesized by electrospinning and physicochemically characterized.
All‐gel‐state supercapacitors of polypyrrole reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Lima Ravi Moreno Araújo Pinheiro , de Oliveira Helinando Pequeno 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe development of supramolecular structures (conducting hydrogels) obtained from the charge–charge interaction of sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles and oppositely charged polypyrrole chains represents an important step to obtain self‐supported and flexible electrodes for supercapacitors. Herein, the energy density of polypyrrole hydrogel‐based supercapacitors is enhanced by the incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets that introduced the electrical double capacitance contribution to the overall response. The electrochemical performance of synthesized electrodes was optimized from the relative variation in the concentration of supramolecular arrangements (micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate), pyrrole, and graphene nanoplatelets. As result, higher capacitive retention is observed for modified electrodes (with the incorporation of graphene) – in order of 90% after 1000 cycles of use, preserving the high conductivity and intrinsic mechanical properties (flexibility and stretchability) reaching an areal capacitance of 210.7 mFcm−2.
Zein‐based microcapsule for vanillin sustained release
Authors: Xu Qunna , Qiu Ruijie , Bai Zhongxue , Ma Jianzhong , Fan Qianqian , Li Yun , Taha Siddiqui , Ramzan Zaki , Li Jiaojiao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCurrently, microcapsules are attracting great attention and becoming more and more widely used in sustained release system. In this research, zein‐based microcapsules were prepared by anti‐solvent precipitation technology and spray drying. The properties of as‐prepared microcapsules were optimized by adjusting the reaction conditions and parameters such as the mass ratio of zein to vanillin, the drying temperature and whether polyethylene glycol was added or not. Meanwhile, the morphologies, chemical structures, and application performances of microcapsules were characterized and determined by SEM, FT‐IR, TG, and so on. The results showed that the morphology of as‐obtained microcapsules was a regular spherical shape with no cracks when the mass ratio of zein to vanillin was 1:1, the inlet temperature was 120 C and the polyethylene glycol was introduced. Meanwhile, it was also proved that the polyethylene glycol has a positive effect on the encapsulation efficiency in microcapsules. Moreover, zein microcapsules can effectively improve the thermal stability and release behavior of vanillin, meanwhile the exist of polyethylene glycol can further improve the properties of zein microcapsules. This research provided guidelines for the study of microcapsules.
Performances of novel poly(diaryloxyphosphazene) based heat shielding materials with various fibrous reinforcements
Authors: Wu Jian , Zhang Shuangkun , Basharat Majid , Liu Wei , Dai Shaotao , Zhang Teng , Wu Zhanpeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElastomeric heat shielding materials (EHSMs) are necessary to protect combustion chambers of solid rocket motors during their working. Poly(diaryloxyphosphazene) (PDPP) elastomers own inherent thermal stability and flame retardancy because the backbone of alternating phosphorus and nitrogen atoms can be a novel promising polymer matrix toward EHSMs. The present study deals with the development of a novel PDPP based EHSMs with several different fibrous reinforcements, including Kevlar, polyimide, and carbon short fibers. It is found that PDPP/Kevlar composites show outstanding tensile strength and ablation resistance because of their strong interfacial bonding between matrix and fibers which benefits from the possible network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. PDPP/carbon composites produce a compact charred layer due to their high char yields of carbon fibers. These results improve the understanding of the role of polyphosphazenes with different kinds of fibers on ablation mechanisms, which enable the possibility to exploit intrinsic properties of polyphosphazenes.
An intrinsic flame retardant epoxy resin with high transparency and strengthened mechanical property
Authors: Pang Fu‐Qu , Liu Xin‐Duo , Zheng Xian‐Ting , Lin Yu‐Cai , Jian Rong‐Kun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn order to search for multifunctional epoxy thermosets (EP) with low flammability, high transparency and satisfied mechanical performance, DOPO‐based phosphonate ammonium salt (DOA) was synthesized from 10‐hydroxy‐9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oza‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO‐OH) and 2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1,3‐propanediol (AMPD). Under the influence of DOA, the flame‐retardant and mechanical performances of the resulting EP were obviously improved. On account of the enhanced interaction and the incorporated flexible fragments in epoxy macromolecular chains, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact toughness of EP/5.0 wt% DOA significantly increased from 65.4 ± 1.2 MPa, 6.7 ± 0.6%, and 12.1 ± 1.3 kJ m−2 of EP to 81.4 ± 2.8 MPa, 10.6 ± 0.5%, and 18.0 ± 1.1 kJ m−2, respectively. In the presence of DOA, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of EP/5.0 wt% DOA increased to 35.5% and it passed the underwriter laboratories‐94 vertical burning tests (UL‐94 V) and got a V‐1 rating. Moreover, the peak value of heat release rate (PHRR) was decreased by 38.0%. The analyses of char residues and volatile products showed that the activities of DOA on reducing the flammability of EP were ascribed to the protective effect of the char, the release of incombustible gases, and the radical‐capture action of phosphorus‐containing free radicals. Moreover, the modified epoxy thermosets still retained a high transparency.
Gold/ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene nanocomposites for electrical energy storage: Enhanced recovery efficiency upon uniaxial deformation
Authors: Drakopoulos Stavros X. , Manika Georgia C. , Nogales Aurora , Kim Taeyong , Robbins Andrew B. , Claudio Gianfranco , Minnich Austin J. , Ezquerra Tiberio A. , Psarras Georgios C. , Martin‐Fabiani Ignacio , Ronca Sara 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe growing demand for renewable energy sources has prompted the development of dielectric materials with the ability to store and efficiently recover electrical energy. Here, we correlate the structure and thermal conductivity of uniaxially oriented disentangled ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (dis‐UHMWPE) composites reinforced with gold nanoparticles with their electrical properties and potential application as electrical energy storage devices. Stretching increases the orientation of the polymer chains and thus the crystallinity and reduces the aggregation of gold nanoparticles while the thermal conductivity enhances significantly along the orientation axis. The structural changes driven by stretching result in two competing effects; on the one hand, the crystallinity increase reduces the permittivity of the composites and increases the resistivity, while on the other hand the recovery efficiency of oriented materials excels that of unstretched samples by up to 6 times at 5 s. Therefore, our work shows the structure–property relationship in electrical energy storage materials.
Magnetic prospection at Aistra (Álava) and Peña Amaya (Burgos): Towards a new diagnostic paradigm for early mediaeval Iberia
Authors: Quirós Juan Antonio , Campana Stefano , Saito Ken 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article discusses the application and implications of magnetic prospection within two complex early mediaeval sites of the 5th–10th centuries BCE in northern Spain, at Aistra and Peña Amaya in the Upper Ebro Valley. In this period most sites displaying domestic and other forms of occupation present multifaceted and challenging problems due to the poor preservation of stratigraphic relationships in rural contexts and rarity and poor visibility of early mediaeval horizons in multi‐period urban sites. It is now widely acknowledged that extensive magnetic prospection, both in rural areas and in abandoned townscapes, can on a variety of sites facilitate the identification of domestic settlements, productive areas and monumental structures as well as the patterns of former roads, trackways and field boundaries. The two sites described here were selected to test this approach in the particular environment of the Ebro Valley and to draw any resulting conclusions about early mediaeval settlement in the area.
How do makers obtain information for their makerspace projects?
Authors: Einarsson Árni Már , Hertzum Morten 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMakerspaces are places for construction and creative expression using tools such as 3D printers, laser cutters, and sewing machines. In this study, we investigate how makers obtain information for their makerspace projects. The study focuses on four sources of information: people, documents, experimentation, and prior knowledge. On the basis of interviews with 13 makers, we analyze their use of these information sources in relation to different knowledge areas, creative‐process stages, and relevance criteria. Our main findings are that (a) experimentation is a prime source of information, (b) ease and pleasure are the dominant relevance criteria, (c) process and situation receive little attention, and (d) information sources vary across process stages. Specifically, experimentation is the dominant information source during the construction stage. In addition, the relevance criteria show that the makers turn to people because it is pleasurable, to documents because it is easy, and to experimentation because it results in quality products. These results emphasize the importance of experimentation and suggest that it warrants closer attention in studies of the information behavior of makers and, more broadly, creative professionals.
Risperidone versus aripiprazole fracture risk in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Houghton Richard , van den Bergh Joop , Law Kiely , Liu Yutong , de Vries Frank 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRisperidone and aripiprazole, commonly used antipsychotics in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have previously been associated with elevated fracture risk in other populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the risk of fracture among children with ASD using risperidone or aripiprazole. This was a retrospective, propensity‐score matched cohort study, set between January 2013 and December 2018. We used the MarketScan Medicaid insurance data, which covers multiple states of the United States. We included ASD children aged 2–18 years, who were new users of aripiprazole or risperidone and with no prior history of antipsychotic use or fractures. The main exposure was the continued use of aripiprazole or risperidone. The incidence rates of any fracture during follow‐up were evaluated, and the risk between aripiprazole and risperidone was compared via Cox‐proportional hazard models. Results were stratified by age, sex, duration of exposure and fracture site. In total, 3312 patients (78% male; mean [SD] age 11.0 [3.7] years) were identified for each cohort. Over the full duration of follow‐up, fracture incidence rates per 1000 patient‐years were 23.2 for risperidone and 38.4 for aripiprazole (hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval: 0.60 [0.44–0.83]). Risks were similar between cohorts throughout the first 180 days on treatment, but significantly higher in the aripiprazole group thereafter. Extremity fractures drove most of the increased risk, with the biggest differences in lower leg and ankle fractures. Differences widened for children aged 10 years or younger (HR [95% CI]: 0.47 [0.30–0.74]). In conclusion, compared to aripiprazole, risperidone was associated with 40% lower risk of fracture. Further analysis on the mechanism and long‐term bone health of antipsychotic‐treated children with ASD is warranted.Lay summaryWe compared the risk of bone fractures among 6624 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), half of whom used risperidone and half of whom used aripiprazole. Taking other factors into account, risks were similar between the two groups throughout the first 180 days on treatment, but significantly higher in the aripiprazole group thereafter. The biggest differences were in lower leg and ankle fractures. Overall, compared with aripiprazole, risperidone was associated with 40% lower risk of fracture.