bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The color change analysis of historic wooden remains after fire-suppression by fluorinated chemical gases
Authors: Ke Wei , Yang Wanyu , Zhou Biao , Wang Kai , Sun Jiazhi , Sun Xukun , Xu Min , Chen Qingqing , Qiu Bo , Wang Wei , Wang Xuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Many wooden Chinese historic buildings are destroyed due to the ravages of frequent fire disasters. The fire risk of historic buildings are highly enlarged since a long-time weathered wooden structures in the natural environment. The clean fire-extinguishing technology using fluorinated chemical gases to put out a historic building fire rapidly at the initial stage is highly recommended and widely used. However, the gaseous hydrogen fluoride (HF) yielded during the fire suppression process could be a potential method to result in secondary damage due to its corrosiveness. Nowadays, experiments were employed to clarify the effect of fire suppression on the surface of historic wooden buildings. Five traditional fluorinated chemical gases, H-37, FK-5-1-12, H-1323, H-2402, and H-1301, are used to suppress a fixed flame. The wooden samples, including a Dao Talisman board, a painting paper, and wooden chips, are placed in a chamber. Wooden chips consist of traditional and weathered samples (acting as the Chinese historic buildings). The concentration of gaseous products yielded from fire suppression are monitored by a gas-FTIR from ABB, and the surface analysis is conducted by a Quanta FEG SEM–EDX from FEI. It is observed that flame enhancement happens at the early stage of fire suppression and varies with fire agents. The amount of F-deposited on the wooden surface is positively correlated with a total amount of gaseous HF. The color change mechanism of the wooden surface is comprehensive, although the amount of HF is a leading factor. The influence of HF on color change depends on the amount of both gaseous H2O and HF. It is concluded that the value of L* of the traditional chip is much easier to be reduced comparing with weathered samples with the same wood grain. The reduction of

$${\mathrm{b}}^{*}$$

b

∗

value of weathered samples is much larger than the traditional ones. It suggests the weathered chips show a color shift toward blue because of fire suppression. The present study hopes to provide a basic acknowledgment for the comprehensive understanding of secondary damage caused by fire suppression.
Immunoassay-based approaches for development of screening of chlorpyrifos
Authors: Khan Noor Saba , Pradhan Dibyabhaba , Choudhary Saumya , Saxena Pallavi , Poddar Nitesh Kumar , Jain Arun Kumar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChlorpyrifos (CPF) is an extensively used organophosphate pesticide for crop protection. However, there are concerns of it contaminating the environment and human health with estimated three lakh deaths annually. Detection of CPF in blood samples holds significance to avoid severe health outcomes due to continuous exposure. The most common techniques for CPF detection are Gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, these techniques might not be feasible at the community healthcare level due to high-cost instrumentation, time-consuming sample preparation protocol and skilled analysts. Therefore, rapid, effective and economical methods such as immunoassay would be imperative for CPF detection in biological samples. The vital step in immunoassay development is the design of a potent immunogen from non-immunogenic molecules. The molecular modelling protocol could assist in redesigning known CPF linkers and inserting them at different substitutable positions of CPF to get distinctive CPF derivatives. Molecular docking and binding free energy analysis can be used to identify the CPF derivatives having a better binding affinity with carrier protein compared to CPF. The top-ranked CPF derivatives based on docking score and binding energy could be ideal for synthesis and immunogen development. The present review will comprehend technological trends in immunoassay kits for detecting chlorpyrifos from biological samples.
A novel scale-up strategy for cultivation of BHK-21 cells based on similar hydrodynamic environments in the bioreactors
Authors: Teng Xiaonuo , Li Chao , Yi Xiaoping , Zhuang Yingping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe scale-up of animal cell cultivation is important but remains complex and challenging. In the present study, we propose a novel scale-up strategy for baby hamster Syrian kidney-21 (BHK-21) cell cultivation based on similar hydrodynamic environments. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the different scale bioreactors were determined by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and further correlated with the agitation speed. The optimal hydrodynamic environment for cell cultivation and vaccine production was determined from the cultivation experiments of BHK-21 cells in 5-L laboratory-scale bioreactors equipped with different impellers at various agitation speeds. BHK-21 cell cultivation was scaled up from 5-L to 42-, 350-, and 1000-L bioreactors by adjusting the agitation speed to make the hydrodynamic features similar to those in the 5-L bioreactor, especially for the shear rate in the impeller zone (γimp) and energy dissipation rate in the tank bulk zone (εtan). The maximum cell density and cell aggregation rate in these scaled-up bioreactors were in the range of 4.6 × 106 ~ 4.8 × 106 cells/mL and 16 ~ 20%, which are comparable to or even better than those observed in the 5-L bioreactor (maximum cell density 4.8 × 106 cells/mL, cell aggregation rate 21%). The maximum virus titer of 108.0 LD50/mL achieved in the 1000-L bioreactor was close to 108.3 LD50/mL that obtained in the 5-L bioreactor. Hence, the scale-up strategy proposed in this study is feasible and can efficiently facilitate the scale-up processes of animal cell cultivation.
What’s in a face? The role of facial features in ratings of dominance, threat, and stereotypicality
Authors: Kleider-Offutt Heather , Meacham Ashley M. , Branum-Martin Lee , Capodanno Megan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFaces judged as stereotypically Black are perceived negatively relative to less stereotypical faces. In this experiment, artificial faces were constructed to examine the effects of nose width, lip fullness, and skin reflectance, as well as to study the relations among perceived dominance, threat, and Black stereotypicality. Using a multilevel structural equation model to isolate contributions of the facial features and the participant demographics, results showed that stereotypicality was related to wide nose, darker reflectance, and to a lesser extent full lips; threat was associated with wide nose, thin lips, and low reflectance; dominance was mainly related to nose width. Facial features explained variance among faces, suggesting that face-type bias in this sample was related to specific face features rather than particular characteristics of the participant. People’s perceptions of relations across these traits may underpin some of the sociocultural disparities in treatment of certain individuals by the legal system.
Health-related quality of life in Chinese workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Su Ya , Liu Meng-Shuang , De Silva Pinnaduwage Vijitha , Østbye Truls , Jin Ke-Zhi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Studies of health-related quality of life among workers have generated varying results. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review to synthesize the scores of health-related quality of life measured by the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire among Chinese workers and compare the results across gender, age, occupation and region.

Methods
Six databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database, PubMed, Web of science and Scopus were searched for relevant publications in both English and Chinese from their inception to February 2021. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established, and study and participant characters as well as health-related quality of life scores were extracted from included publications. Study quality was assessed by using the Crombie tool. The meta-analysis including individual publications used random-effects models. Subgroups analyses by gender, age, occupation and region were also conducted to explore the source of heterogeneity.

Results
One hundred thirty-nine out of 1437 potential publications were included. The pooled mean scores of health-related quality of life were 14.1 for the physical domain (95%CI: 13.9–14.3), 13.7 for the psychological domain (95%CI: 13.5–13.8), 14.0 for the social relationship domain (95%CI: 13.8–14.2), 12.3 for the environment domain (95%CI: 12.1–12.5). No significant statistical difference was found between the different subgroups. Publication bias was present in the independence domain and the pooled scores were corrected to 15.0 (95%CI: 14.6–15.5) using the trim and fill method. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the results of the meta-analysis were stable. Region might be a source of heterogeneity. Workers in northeast China reported higher scores in the social relationship domain, and those in the central region reported lower scores in the environmental domain.

Conclusions
Chinese workers reported lower scores in four health-related quality of life domains than the general population. Region might be a potential influencing factor for workers’ scores different, which needs further study. The pooled scores can served as benchmarks for workplace health promotion programes in Chinese workers and global occupational health studies.
Human identification from washed blood stains
Authors: Ünsal Sapan Tuğba , Erdoğan Işıl Tuna , Atasoy Sevil 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Among the physical evidence, bloodstain is one of the most common biological pieces of evidence at the crime scene, especially in violent crimes. Bloodstains are frequently seen at the crime scene and can be easily detected due to their color and structure. Because blood and bloodstains can potentially be evidence of a crime, offenders often tend to clean or wash them to get rid of relevant evidence. Some researchers think that washed bloodstains cannot obtain enough quality DNA for DNA profiling. However, some studies have shown that bloodstains on a piece of fabric can be used for DNA profiling even after washing. This study, it is aimed to determine whether a sufficient amount of DNA can be obtained for DNA profiling used for forensic purposes from blood-stained nylon and cotton fabrics washed at different temperatures such as 40 °C, 60 °C and 90 °C.

Results
In this study, bloodstains were created on cotton and nylon fabrics in a representative crime scene. After washing with laundry detergent at 40 °C, 60 °C and 90 °C was performed, studies were conducted in order to make bloodstains visible and obtain DNA for genetic profiling. The result is that more DNA is lost due to easy exposure to external factors in the non-absorbent nylon fabric type compared to the absorbent cotton fabric. Moreover, the rates of obtaining DNA from bloodstains on different types of fabrics washed at several temperatures are shown in this study.

Conclusions
It was determined that while a sufficient amount of DNA for the forensic genetic profiling can be obtained from cotton and nylon fabrics washed at 40 and 60 °C, a sufficient amount could not be obtained from the ones washed at 90 °C. And that shows even if bloodstained fabrics are washed at 60 °C, the fabrics still can be considered as physical evidence of the crime and can be associated with the scene, perpetrator and victim triangle.
Zinc finger transcription factor ZAT family genes confer multi-tolerances in Gossypium hirsutum L.
Authors: FAN Yapeng , ZHANG Yuexin , RUI Cun , XU Nan , ZHANG Hong , WANG Jing , MALIK Waqar Afzal , HAN Mingge , ZHAO Lanjie , LU Xuke , CHEN Xiugui , CHEN Chao , YE Wuwei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractZAT (Zinc Finger of Arabidopsis thaliana) proteins are composed of a plant-specific transcription factor family, which play an important role in plant growth, development, and stress resistance. To study the potential function of ZAT family in cotton, the whole genome identification, expression, and structure analysis of ZAT gene family were carried out. In this study, our analysis revealed the presence of 115, 56, 59, and 115 ZAT genes in Gossypium hirsutum, G. raimondii, G. arboreum and G. barbadense, respectively. According to the number of domains and phylogenetic characteristics, we divided ZAT genes of four Gossypium species into 4 different clades, and further divided them into 11 subfamilies. The results of collinearity analysis showed that segmental duplication was the main method to amplify the cotton ZAT genes family. Analysis of cis-elements of promoters indicated that most GhZAT genes contained cis-elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stress. According to heatmap analysis, the expression patterns of GhZAT genes under different stresses indicated that GhZAT genes were significantly involved in the response to cold, heat, salt, and PEG stress, possibly through different mechanisms. Among the highly expressed genes, we cloned a G. hirsutum gene GhZAT67. Through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), we found that its expression level decreased significantly after being silenced. Under alkaline treatment, the wilting degree of silenced plants was even greater than the wild type, which proved that GhZAT67 gene was involved in the response to alkaline stress.
Post-warming survival rates and clinical outcomes of human cleavage stage embryos vitrified/warmed using CryoTouch and Cryotop methods
Authors: Keshavarzi Somayeh , Dokht Eftekhari Azadeh , Vahabzadeh Hajar , Mehrafza Marzieh , Taheripanah Robabeh , Asgharnia Masoumeh , Esfandyari Sahar , Ghazifard Alaleh , Hosseinirad Hossein , Paktinat Shahrokh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Vitrification has become the method of choice for cryopreservation of human embryos and gametes. There are multiple commercial media, containing different combinations and concentrations of cryoprotectants, available for vitrification and warming procedures. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare post-warming survival rate and clinical outcomes of cleavage stage embryos vitrified/warmed using two different commercial methods (CryoTouch and Cryotop) during intracytoplasmic sperm injection/frozen embryo transfer (ICSI/FET) cycles. This retrospective study evaluated a total of 173 FET cycles performed on 446 warmed cleavage stage embryos between January 2018 and December 2020. Post-warming embryo survival rate and clinical outcomes including clinical pregnancy, implantation, and live birth rates were calculated.

Results
The results showed no significant differences between two groups in terms of post-warming survival rate (p value = 0.5020), clinical pregnancy rate (p value = 0.7411), implantation rate (p value = 0.4694), and live birth rate (p value = 0.5737).

Conclusions
Collectively, high successful rates were observed in outcomes of vitrified/warmed cleavage stage embryos using both CryoTouch and Cryotop commercial methods.
DWI and ADC value versus ADC ratio in the characterization of solid renal masses: radiologic-pathologic correlation
Authors: Shaaban Mohamed Samir , Ayad Viviane George Adly , Sharafeldeen Mohamed , Salem Mona A. , Atta M. A. , Ramadan Adel A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Renal masses are becoming an increasingly common finding on cross-sectional images. Characterization of the nature of the lesion either neoplastic or not, benign or malignant as well as further subtype characterization is becoming an important factor in determining management plan. The purpose of our study with to assess the sensitivity and specificity of both ADC mean value and ADC ratio in such characterization along with the calculation of different cutoff values to differentiate between different varieties, using pathological data as the main gold standard for diagnosis.

Results
Our study included 50 patients with a total of 72 masses. A final diagnosis was reached in 69 masses by pathological examination and three masses had clinical and laboratory signs of infection. We had a total of 49 malignant lesions (68%) and 23 benign lesions (32%). The ADC value of ccRCC (1.4 × 10−3 mm2/s) was significantly higher than all other renal masses. A cutoff ADC value of > 1.1 and a cutoff ADC ratio of > 0.56 can be used to differentiate between clear cell renal cell carcinoma and other lesions and an ADC value of < 0.8 and an ADC ratio of ≤ 0.56 to differentiate papillary renal cell carcinoma from other masses. There was no statistically significant ADC value to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions but a statistically significant ADC ratio (> 0.52) was reached.

Conclusion
ADC value and ADC ratio can be used as an adjunct tool in the characterization of different renal masses, with ADC ratio having a higher sensitivity, which can affect the prognosis and management of the patient.
Anatomical variations of cystic duct insertion and their relationship with choledocholithiasis: an MRCP study
Authors: Gündüz Nesrin , Doğan Mahmut Bilal , Alacagöz Mine , Yağbasan Merve , Orhan Söylemez Umut Perçem , Atalay Başak 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The frequency of insertion variations of cystic duct (CD) is inconsistent between studies caused to some extent by the way they give the relative frequency of the variations. Moreover, certain insertion variations have been reported to be associated with choledocholithiasis. This study aimed to assess the frequency of CD insertion variations with a comprehensive way of classification in an unselected population in whom MRCP was performed. Moreover, the relationship between the types of variant insertions and choledocholithiasis using MRCP was also assessed. Patients undergoing magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) were reviewed retrospectively by two radiologists who were blinded to the clinical data. The normal insertion was defined as the union through middle one third of the lateral border of the extrahepatic bile duct. The transverse site (lateral, medial, anterior, and posterior) and the craniocaudal level (high, mid and low) of insertions and their intersections were assessed using axial and coronal slices, respectively. In addition, the frequencies of the CD insertion variations were compared between choledocholithiasis and control (no-choledocholithiasis) groups.

Results
A total of 307 patients (124 with choledocholithiasis and 183 controls) were analyzed. A true variant insertion was found in 149 (48.5%) cases. The insertion variations were less frequent in the choledocholithiasis group [50 (40.3%) vs. 99 (54.1%), respectively, p = 0.018]. The frequencies of craniocaudal level of insertion differed significantly between groups (p = 0.014) that was driven by a lower rate of low medial insertion (1.6% vs. 9.8%, respectively) in the choledocholithiasis group. The frequencies of transverse site of insertion were similar between groups (p = 0.314). The low medial insertion was 80.7% less likely associated with choledocholithiasis even after adjustment for age (Odds ratio: 0.193, 95% Confidence interval: 0.039–0.954, p = 0.044). The interreader agreement for insertion assessment was good (Cohen’s Kappa: 0.748, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The prevalence of CD insertion variations in an unselected population undergoing MRCP is quite high and a mid-posterior insertion is the most common variant type. Insertion variations of CD, the low medial insertion in particular, are less common in patients with choledocholithiasis than controls.
Predicted Risks of Cardiovascular Disease Following Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in the UK NCRI RAPID Trial of Positron Emission Tomography–Directed Therapy for Early-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Cutter David J. , Ramroth Johanna , Diez Patricia , Buckle Andy , Ntentas Georgios , Popova Bilyana , Clifton-Hadley Laura , Hoskin Peter J. , Darby Sarah C. , Radford John , Illidge Tim 
Published: August 2021

PURPOSE The contemporary management of early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (ES-HL) involves balancing the risk of late adverse effects of radiotherapy against the increased risk of relapse if radiotherapy is omitted. This study provides information on the risk of radiation-related cardiovascular disease to help personalize the delivery of radiotherapy in ES-HL. METHODS We predicted 30-year absolute cardiovascular risk from chemotherapy and involved field radiotherapy in patients who were positron emission tomography (PET)–negative following three cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine chemotherapy within a UK randomized trial of PET-directed therapy for ES-HL. Cardiac and carotid radiation doses and chemotherapy exposure were combined with established dose-response relationships and population-based mortality and incidence rates. RESULTS Average mean heart dose was 4.0 Gy (range 0.1-24.0 Gy) and average bilateral common carotid artery dose was 21.5 Gy (range 0.6-38.1 Gy), based on individualized cardiovascular dosimetry for 144 PET-negative patients receiving involved field radiotherapy. The average predicted 30-year radiation-related absolute excess overall cardiovascular mortality was 0.56% (range 0.01%-6.79%; < 0.5% in 67% of patients and > 1% in 15%), whereas average predicted 30-year excess incidence was 6.24% (range 0.31%-31.09%; < 5% in 58% of patients and > 10% in 24%). For cardiac disease, the average predicted 30-year radiation-related absolute excess mortality was 0.42% (0.79% with mediastinal involvement and 0.05% without) and for stroke, it was 0.14%. CONCLUSION Predicted excess cardiovascular risk is small for most patients, so radiotherapy may provide net benefit. However, for a minority of patients receiving high doses of radiation to cardiovascular structures, it may be preferable to consider advanced radiotherapy techniques to reduce doses or to omit radiotherapy and accept the increased relapse risk. Individual assessment of cardiovascular and other risks before treatment would allow personalized decision making about radiotherapy in ES-HL.
An Alternative Data Transformation Approach for ADA Cut Point Determination: Why Not Use a Weibull Transformation?
Authors: Jordan Gregor , Staack Roland F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe testing of protein drug candidates for inducing the generation of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) plays a fundamental role in drug development. The basis of the testing strategy includes a screening assay followed by a confirmatory test. Screening assay cut points (CP) are calculated mainly based on two approaches, either non-parametric, when the data set does not appear normally distributed, or parametric, in the case of a normal distribution. A normal distribution of data is preferred and may be achieved after outlier exclusion and, if necessary, transformation of the data. The authors present a Weibull transformation and a comparison with a decision tree-based approach that was tested on 10 data sets (healthy human volunteer matrix, different projects). Emphasis is placed on a transformation calculation that can be easily reproduced to make it accessible to non-mathematicians. The cut point value and the effect on the false positive rate as well as the number of excluded samples of both methods are compared.