bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatability of Biodiesel Wastewaters By Using KMnO4 And KMnO4/O3 Processes And Kinetic Analysis
Authors: TANATTI Pınar N. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the treatability of electrocoagulated biodiesel wastewater (ECBD) by potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and potassium permanganate/ozone (KMnO4/O3) processes. The ECBD removal efficiencies of both combined method and KMnO4 methods were compared and the KMnO4/O3 process gave better results than the KMnO4 process. For the ECBD removal efficiencies, the experimental parameters including pH, potassium permanganate dose, ozone dose and reaction time parameters were optimized by changing the one parameter at a time. As a result of 6 h of KMnO4 oxidation, 91.74% of COD and 95.93% of MeOH removal was achieved under the optimum conditions (pH 2, 5 g/L KMnO4 dose). However, under optimum conditions (pH 13, 2 g/L KMnO4 dose, 3000 mg/L O3 dose, 6 h reaction time), the COD and MeOH removal efficiencies have been obtained for KMnO4/O3 as 97.79% and 98.30%, respectively. The second order kinetic model has been found to be the most suitable model for both processes and the regression coefficients (R2) has been found as 0.999 and 0.999 for KMnO4 and KMnO4/O3, respectively. The reaction rate constants (k) have been also calculated as 6x10-5 L/mg.min and 1.63x10-4 L/mg.min for COD and MeOH in KMnO4 oxidation, respectively. Furthermore, the reaction rate constants (k) have been also calculated as 6x10-5 L/mg.min and 1.6x10-4 L/mg.min for COD and MeOH in KMnO4/O3 oxidation, respectively.
A Comparative Study On Self-Healing Methods of Concretes By Sporosarcina Pasteurii Bacteria
Authors: Mirshahmohammad Mohammad , Rahmani Hamid , Maleki-Kakelar Mahdi , Bahari Abbas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Biological methods (adding bacteria to the concrete mixtures) among the most recently investigated procedures increase the durability of concrete and repair concrete cracks. In the present study, different biological methods were used to heal the cracks of concrete and the most suitable method was subsequently introduced. For this purpose, the culture medium and bacterial nutrient inside the concrete mixes and curing solution were separately studied. The effect of air-entrained agent and various sources of calcium salts as the bacterial nutrient on the healing process was also studied. The results showed that the use of bacterial nutrient inside the concrete mixes has an affirmative impact on the mechanical properties and self-healing characteristics of concretes. With the simultaneous use of Sporosarcina pasteurii bacteria and calcium nitrate-urea or calcium chloride-urea as a bacterial nutrient in the concrete mixture, the 28 days compressive strength of concrete increases by 23.4% and 7.5%, respectively, which is due to calcium carbonate precipitation. The use of bacterial cells, nutrients, and culture in the concrete mixture provided the ability to heal wide cracks where the healing time is significantly reduced. On the other hand, separation of the bacterial culture medium slightly reduced the self-healing performance of concrete.
Effects of Glutamate and Aspartate on Prostate Cancer and Breast Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zhang Lihong , Lin Yindan , Yang Ze , Li Jingjia , Sun Yandi , Zhang Xueyun , Qu Zihao , Luo Yan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Respectively, prostate cancer and breast cancer are the second most and most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and woman, and they account for major cancer-related deaths world-wide. Special attention aiming to find potentially effective early detection of, and intervention strategies against, prostate cancer (PCa) and breast cancer need to be paid.Objective: Utilizing Mendelian randomization (MR), we aimed to estimate how genetically predicted glutamate and aspartate levels affected prostate and breast cancers development. Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables (IVs) to predict the serum levels of glutamate and aspartate from the publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWASs), which were conducted to associate genetic variations with blood metabolite levels using comprehensive metabolite profiling in 1,960 adults and the glutamate and aspartate we chosen were two of 644 metabolites. The summary statistics for the largest and latest GWAS datasets for prostate cancer (61,106 controls and 79,148 cases) were from the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) consortium and datasets for breast cancer (113,789 controls and 133,384 cases) were from Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). The analyses were performed through two-sample MR method. Results: Serum level of aspartate was positively associated with prostate cancer (Effect = 1.043; 95% confidence interval, 1.003 to 1.084; P = 0.034) and breast cancer (Effect = 1.033; 95% confidence interval, 1.004 to 1.063; P = 0.028); however, glutamate was neither associated with prostate cancer and breast cancer. The potential causal associations were robust to the sensitivity analysis.Conclusions: Our study found that the level of serum aspartate could serve as a risk factor that contributed to the development of prostate and breast cancers. Efforts detailing the underlying mechanism(s) would be extremely valuable in early assessment/diagnosis and strategizing clinical intervention of both cancers.
Women’s Decision-making Autonomy and Some Demographic Factors Associated With Higher Dietary Diversity in Bangladesh
Authors: Shourove Jahid Hasan , Rahman Md. Mustafizur , Islam G. M. Rabiul 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Consumption of diverse nutrient-rich diets is vital for maintaining a healthy life. A low-quality monotonous diet dominated by starchy staple foods is common in Bangladesh, which leads to the development of diseases associated with micronutrient deficiencies, particularly in women and their offspring. This research aims to validate the association between women’s decision-making autonomy and their attainment of higher dietary diversity (DD), as well as identify the sociodemographic factors that can independently predict higher DD.Methods: This study was conducted using the data selected from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2014. Women (n = 17,842) aged 15–49 years, with their complete dietary details, were selected as the participants. The DDS was obtained from a 24-h recall of dietary intake from nine food groups and was categorized into lower DDS (DD ≤ 4) and higher DDS (DD ≥ 5). The relationship between the decision-making independence of women and DDS was studied using logistic regression.Results: It was observed that almost all women consumed starchy foods, followed by flesh (meat or fish) (83.86%) and fruits (67.30%). The involvement of women in decision-making for household purchases was significantly correlated with higher dietary diversity. The odds were higher among women who participated in household purchases compared to women who did not (OR 2.40; 95% CI: 0.52–9.83; p = 0.022). Women who had higher and secondary education were 2.72 (95% CI: 0.49–15.02; p = 0.025) and 1.31 (95% CI: 0.28–6.18; p = 0.029) times more likely to achieve higher DD compared to those with no education. Women in the richer wealth quintiles were 6.49 (OR 6.49; 95% CI: 1.12–37.5; p = 0.037) times more likely to achieve higher DD compared to women in poorer wealth quintiles.Conclusion: The research findings suggested that the socioeconomic status, empowerment, and higher education of women may contribute to the purchase of nutritious foods and higher dietary diversity.
Oil Flax Straw Processing and Utilization
Authors: Nikolsky Sergey N , Zlenko Dmitry V , Gatin Andrey K , Mikhaleva Mariya G , Politenkova Galina G , Lin Alexey A , Ermolin Igor K , Stovbun Sergey V 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The flax (Linum usitatissimum) is widely used as a source of linen oil and fiber. As a rule, the flax varieties serve to produce either seeds (oil), or stem fibers, as the "fiber'' varieties bring the low amount of seeds, while the "oil'' varieties have poor fibers that cannot be used in textile. The straw of the oil flax has not been applied in industry and has to be burned or degrade naturally in the field. However, it contains a low degree of polymerization cellulose, which can be used at least for varnish production. The main challenge in the industrial application of the oil flax cellulose is the necessity of separating the cellulose fibers and shive enriched in lignin. On the other hand, the low cost of the final products restricts the set of available tools. Here we describe a machine designed for oil flax straw stripping and several ways of further conversion of the obtained tow into microcrystalline or fluff-like cellulose. The supposed processes run at the temperatures below the water boiling point and at the atmospheric pressure and could be held in the plastic reactors.
Metabolomic And Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Changes In Response To Cadmium Stress Under Boron Application of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum)
Authors: Qin Shiyu , Xu Yafang , Nie Zhaojun , Liu Hongen , Gao Wei , Li Chang , Zhao Peng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Boron (B) has previously been shown to inhibit cadmium (Cd) uptake in wheat, while the underlying physiological mechanism behind this phenomenon is unclear. Here, we investigated the alteration with B application in growth, Cd uptake, MDA content, antioxidant enzyme activities and small molecule metabolites under Cd stress. The results showed that the wheat growth were significantly weaker under Cd-treated than that without Cd-treated. B application can improve the wheat growth under Cd stress. In addition, B application decreased Cd concentrations and MDA concentrations of shoot and root. These results suggest that B can inhibit the absorption of Cd and mitigation of Cd toxicity to promote plant growth, especially in the roots. Meanwhile, the key enzyme activities including SOD and POD significant increased under Cd treatments, while decreased under B treatments. Further, root differential metabolites were identified with Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS). A total of 198, 680 and 204 of the differential metabolites were isolated between CK+B and CK treatment, CK+Cd and CK treatment and CK+Cd+B and CK+Cd treatment respectively. The metabolites with up-accumulation in B application (CK+Cd+B) roots were mainly galactaric acid, citric acid, N6-Galacturonyl-L-lysine, D-Glucose, while the metabolites with down-accumulation were mainly threoninyl-tryptophan and C16 sphinganine. The differential metabolic pathways were mainly concentrated in linoleic acid metabolism, galactose metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, propanoate metabolism in diabetic complications between CK+Cd+B treatment and CK+B treatment. The data suggested that B alleviates Cd toxicity in winter wheat by inhibiting Cd uptake, increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and changing metabolites.
Evaluation of Acid Mine Drainage Sludge As Soil Substitute For The Reclamation of Mine Solid Wastes
Authors: Chi Yihan , Lin Qinru , Zhuang Rongchuan , Xiong Mingyu , Ye Zhihong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The reclamation of mine waste deposits is imperative but often hindered by the scarcity of natural topsoil. Studies have used various materials to reconstruct topsoil but mainly in coal mines, with scant information for metalliferous mines. Acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS), as a mass-produced waste in metalliferous mines, is a potential topsoil substitute because of its capacity to buffer acidification and support plant growth. In this study, a pot experiment with three plant species was conducted to evaluate the environmental safety and sustainable fertility of AMDS with the amelioration of fertilizers. Results showed that all the plants could survive in the AMDS even without fertilizers. The contents of heavy metal(loid)s were high but remained stable over the experimental period. Improving the AMDS with fertilizers enhanced its nutrient supply by increasing macronutrient contents and activities of soil enzymes, leading to significant increases in plant biomass. The AMDS also sustained its nutrient status throughout the experiment. Nevertheless, the extremely low NH4+-N and bioavailable phosphorus contents made these nutrients hardly accessible to plants, owing to the composting of the organic manure and the low richness and diversity of the bacterial community in the AMDS. Present results suggest that AMDS can be used as a viable and safe substitute for natural soil in reclaiming mine solid wastes but also needs proper improvement, especially for enhancing the microbial richness and diversity.
Amelioration of Cadmium-induced Oxidative Damage in Wistar Rats by Vitamin C, Zinc and N-Acetylcysteine
Authors: Poli Venkataramanaiah , Madduru Renuka , Motireddy Srinivasulu Reddy 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The present study was performed to determine the protective effects of Vitamin C, Zinc and N-Acetylcysteine individually or in combinations with Cd, to monitor amelioration capability against Cd-induced oxidative damage in Wistar rats. Nine groups of rats were studied as experimental group. The present experiment was conducted for 45 days. Liver and kidneys were excised for biochemical determinations through assaying of antioxidant enzymes and lipid oxidation products to assess the impact of Cd-toxicity and its amelioration by co-administration of Vitamin C, Zinc and NAC along with Cd. Basal Metabolic rates, Tissue Respiration rates of liver and kidney were found to be significantly decreased (p < 0.05) during Cd toxicity. Serum biochemical parameters were also found to be significantly altered to cope up with Cd toxicity. All the antioxidant enzymes and products were significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) or elevated in rat liver and kidney tissues during Cd-induced toxicity. Whereas with co-administration of Vitamin C, Zinc and NAC, into rats clearly demonstrates the amelioration of oxidative damage induced by Cd-toxicity. From the results obtained in the present study all the agents tested had protective effects against Cd-induced oxidative damage.
2,4-D induction of somaclonal variations in in vitro grown date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv Barhee)
Authors: Baklouti Emna , Beulé Thierry , Nasri Amèni , Romdhane Amal Ben , Drira Riadh , Doulbeau Sylvie , Rival Alain , Drira Noureddine , Fki Lotfi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The present study is a part of a program designed at improving the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Barhee, through induced somaclonal variation. In this work, caulogenic cultures were subcultured on MS media supplemented with 0, 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg L− 1 2,4-D in order to induce genetic and epigenetic variations. The highest doses of 2,4-D were found to induce severe negative effects on in vitro cultures, although some tissues were able to survive and to produce calli with high morphogenetic capacities. Our analysis showed some significant effect of 2,4-D on several physiological parameters. Indeed, chlorophyll and growth rates were found to drastically decrease while proline content increased from 535 nmol g− 1 to 2973 nmol g− 1 FW when 40 mg L− 1 2,4-D were used. In vitro cultures showed several signs of oxidative stress, such as high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA); likewise, the specific activity of several antioxidant enzyme was found to increase. Plant regeneration from in vitro cultures treated with 2,4-D was obtained after subculturing explants onto PGR-free media. The ISSR analysis of 2,4-D-treated material showed that this plant growth regulator (PGR) induced measurable genetic variations. The global DNA methylation rates (GMR) as estimated through the HPLC analysis of nucleosides also confirmed the presence of epigenetic changes caused by 2,4-D as GMRs increased from 13.8–18.93%.
Magnetic anomaly interpretation for a 2D fault-like geologic structures utilizing the global particle swarm method
Authors: ESSA Khalid S. , Géraud Yves , Reid Alan B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We establish a method to elucidate the magnetic anomaly due to 2D fault structures, with an evaluation of first moving average residual anomalies utilizing filters of increasing window lengths. After that, the buried fault parameters are estimated using the global particle swarm method. The goodness of fit among the observed and the calculated models is expressed as the root mean squared (RMS) error. The importance of studying and delineating the fault parameters, which include the amplitude factor, the depth to the upper edge, the depth to the lower edge, the fault dip angle, and the position of the origin of the fault, is: (i) solving many problem-related engineering and environmental applications, (ii) describing the accompanying mineralized zones with faults, (iii) describing geological deformation events, (iv) monitoring the subsurface shear zones, (v) defining the environmental effects of the faults before organizing any investments, and (vi) imaging subsurface faults for different scientific studies. Finally, we show the method applied to two theoretical models including the influence of the regional background and the multi-fault effect and to real field examples from Australia and Turkey. Available geologic and geophysical information corroborates our interpretations.
Comprehensive Study on Shape Shifting Behaviors of Thermally Activated Hinges in FDM-based 4D Printing
Authors: Nezhad Iman Salimi , Golzar Mohammad , Behravesh Amirhossein , Zare Shahabaddin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
4D printing of shape shifting structures, aka “hinges”, has raised a new standard in many fields. By using these hinges in certain parts of a 3D printed structures, a pre designed complex 3D shape with potential multifunctional application can be achieved from flat structure. This paper proposes a comprehensive semi-empirical model to predict the final shape shifting behavior and magnitude of the hinges printed by FDM process. First, all FDM main parameters are selected and reduced by design of experiment to printing speed, lamina thickness, nozzle temperature as well as printing pattern. In order to develop the model, a time-dependent constitutive model with these four process parameters were extracted for strain of an SMP homogeneous single layer structure using a fractional Zener model accompanied with Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) technique. Thereafter, the mathematical relations for shape shifting behavior of bilayer 4D printed structures were developed for beam bending and twisting by modifying Timoshenko’s constitutive equations. A comprehensive shape-shifting model was established including 3D printing parameters, angles, thickness ratios, activation time and temperature which was compared to the experimental data and results predicted both shape shifting behavior and magnitude of the hinges with good agreement. In addition, a novel flowchart was suggested to design and achieve the desired shape shifting behaviors. The proposed model and flowchart are novel tools to design 4D structures through desired shape-shifting of the hinges.
Genetic/Genomic Testing: Defining The Parameters For Ethical, Legal and Social Implications (ELSI)
Authors: Ascencio-Carbajal Tania , Saruwatari-Zavala Garbiñe , Navarro-Garcia Fernando , Frixione Eugenio 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Genetic/genomic testing (GGT) are useful tools for improving health and preventing diseases. Still, since GGT deals with sensitive personal information that could significantly impact a patient life or family, it becomes imperative to consider Ethical, Legal and Social Implications (ELSI). Thus, ELSI studies aim to identify and address concerns raised by genomic research that could affect individuals, their family, and society. However, there are quantitative and qualitative discrepancies in the literature to describe the elements that provide content to the ELSI studies and such problems may result in patient misinformation and making wrong life choices.
Methods
Here, we analyzed the major international bioethics literature to specify the parameters that define ELSI and the recognized criteria for GGT, which may prove useful for researchers, health professionals and policymakers. First, we defined the parameters of the ethical, legal and social fields in GGT to avoid ambiguities when using the acronym ELSI. Then, we selected nine documents from 44 relevant publications by international organizations related to genomic medicine.
Results
A thorough analysis of these documents allowed us to group and extract criteria by thematic affinity. We identified 29 ELSI sub-criteria concerning to GGT, which were organized and grouped within 10 minimum criteria: two from the ethical field, four from the legal field and four from the social field. An additional analysis of the number of appearances of these 29 sub-criteria in the analyzed documents allow us to order them and to determine 7 priority criteria for starting to evaluate and propose national regulations for GGT.
Conclusions
We propose that the ELSI criteria identified herein could serve as a starting point to formulate national regulation on personalized genomic medicine, ensuring consistency with international bioethical requirements.
Influence of NIR Laser and Alternating Magnetic Field on Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Cell Lines Treatment
Authors: mohammed rusul , Al-Haddad raad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
ore-shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) have attracted attention in biomedical applications as they have highly useful materials with modified characteristics, such as high stability, dispersibility, higher permeability to certain target cells and reduction in consumption of precious materials. Synthesis of core-multishell nanoparticles with suitable sizes, structural characteristics and absorption using simple methods continues to be a challenge. In this study, Fe3O-4­Au @SiO2, CSNPs were synthesized in three stages to control their size and the potential for tuning their properties. FESEM images confirmed that CSNPs has a small particle size of about 22.5 nm; average crystalline size in XRD was 22.8 nm; stability was about -49.1 mV; and synthesis with magnetic and optical properties improved their biocompatibility. Treatment of CAL-51 and HBL-100 cell lines by Fe3O-4­Au @SiO2, CSNPs under NIR laser and alternating magnetic field (AMF) generated enough heat to increase cell death.