bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling human–wildlife interactions in the context of livestock grazing abandonment and the return of large carnivores, ungulates and vultures: A stakeholder perspective
Authors: Acebes P. , Muñoz‐Gálvez F. J. , Iglesias‐González Z. , García‐Llorente M. , López‐García D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Pastoral practices remain a widespread economic activity across European mountain regions. However, the viability of this activity may be threatened by the recovery of large wild vertebrates associated with passive rewilding, leading to the so‐called human–wildlife conflicts. Reconciling the return of large wild vertebrates and pastoral practices is therefore a major challenge for the European Union (EU), as it poses political, socio‐economic and conservation challenges.

We analyse the social dimension of the recovery of large carnivores, ungulates and strict avian scavengers, through a multi‐stakeholder approach in two rural territories in central Spain exposed to different degrees of land abandonment. Based on in‐depth interviews, we identify potential conflicts and disagreements between the different stakeholders, search for strategies to promote the coexistence of large wild vertebrates and extensive grazing systems and seek emergent discourses for reconciling and boosting agrarian production and biodiversity conservation.

Our findings show a consensus among stakeholders on the general increase and recovery of large wild vertebrate populations. We then collected divergent positions on what this recovery means for social groups, showing opposing views between urban and rural people; while conservationists considered this increase positively, land users generally—but not always—perceived this recovery as a threat to their livelihoods.

We identified disagreements within social groups and divergent positions displayed between cattle farmers and sheep and goat farmers. The latter showed forms of management closer to agroecological visions, thus allowing coexistence.

The coexistence of pastoral practices and wild vertebrates involves navigating a complex interplay of ecological, social and economic factors. The negative impacts of wildlife on livestock can be minimized, but only through the collective implementation of measures by all parties. Furthermore, the recognition and valuation of pastoral practices and the empowerment of land users may facilitate coexistence. Mutual recognition and participation of local stakeholders seems an unavoidable step in developing more collaborative approaches that respect the needs and aspirations of rural communities while contributing to the EU's restoration and conservation goals.

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GA071518‐16E39: A new adapted soft red winter wheat cultivar to Georgia and the US Southeast Region
Authors: Mergoum Mohamed , Johnson Jerry W. , Sutton Steve , Lopez Benjamin , Bland Daniel , Buck James W. , Buntin G. D. , Mailhot Daniel J. , Harrison Stephen A. , Murphy J. Paul , Mason Richard E. , Sutton Russell L. , Babar Md A. , Ibrahim Amir M. H. , Boyles Richard , Brown‐Guedira Gina L. , Baik Byung‐Kee , Chen Z. , Marshall David , Cambron Sue E. , Chen X. , Cowger Christina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe production of soft red winter wheat (SRWW) (Triticum aestivum L.) in the US southeast (SE) region is important. However, wheat production faces many challenges including many stresses resulting in substantial losses in yield and quality. To address these challenges, developing new cultivars with high yield potential with resistance to major pests in the region and good quality is warranted. The SRWW breeding programs ate the University of Georgia (UGA) and the regional institutions including the Southern Universities GRAINS (SUNGRAINS) programs aims to solve these problems. The release of ‘GA071518‐16E39’ (Reg. no. CV‐1210, PI 698826) SRWW in 2019, is among many adapted cultivars developed and released by the UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. GA071518‐16E39 has broad adaptation to the US SE region, but specifically well fit to the Georgia environments. It is a high yielding cultivar with excellent resistance to most dominant diseases including leaf (caused by Puccinia triticina Erikss.) and stripe (caused by P. striiformis Westend.) rusts, Soil‐borne wheat mosaic virus, and Hessian fly insect [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] including major prevalent biotypes (B, C, O, and L) in the region. GA071518‐16E39 is moderately resistant to powdery mildew (caused by Erisyphe graminis) and moderate susceptible to Fusarium head blight (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) which is reflected in relatively lower levels of disease severity and Deoxynivalenol toxin. GA071518‐16E39 has excellent grain volume weight and milling and baking quality as a SRWW.
Predicting Solute Diffusivity and Transport Kinetics in Polymers Using Quantile Random Forests
Authors: Elder Robert M. , Duelge Kaleb J. , Young Joshua A. , Simon David D. , Saylor David M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAdditives and contaminants in polymer‐based medical devices may leach into patients, posing a potential health risk. Physics‐based mass transport models can estimate the leaching kinetics, but they require upper‐bound estimates of solute diffusivity in the polymer. Experiments to measure can be costly and time‐consuming. Alternatives to estimate exist, but they suffer from several drawbacks, such as requiring experimental data to calibrate or specialized knowledge to apply, being limited to certain polymers, or being too time‐consuming given the plethora of polymer/solute combinations in devices. Here, we leverage a large database of diffusivity measurements and apply a machine learning method—quantile random forests (QRF)—to predict bounds on for arbitrary polymer/solute combinations, using only the solute structure and readily available polymer properties (glass transition temperature and density). The most influential factors for determining are these polymer properties and several descriptors related to solute size (e.g., molecular weight ), structure, and interactions. Note that application of the model is limited to the applicability domain defined herein and polymers with relatively low fractional‐free‐volume. We demonstrate the ability of the model to predict and diffusion‐limited transport kinetics, where it compares favorably to other available methods while also overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks.
Difference in the Perceptions of Asthma Control Between Children With Asthma and Their Parents
Authors: Bousema Sara , van Zwet Miranda E. , Ossendrijver Ieteke , Bindels Patrick J. E. , Bohnen Arthur M. , Pijnenburg Mariëlle , Boeft Madelon van Tilborg‐den , Elshout Gijs 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionAsthma is the most prevalent chronic condition in children in primary care. Asthma control can be quantified using the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C‐ACT), which includes questions for both children and their parents. However, there can be discrepancies between children and parents in their perceptions of asthma control.ObjectiveThis longitudinal study determines the difference in the perceptions of asthma control between children in primary care and their parents using the C‐ACT, measured at five points in time.MethodChildren aged 6–12 with asthma who are being treated in primary care were eligible. Data was obtained using electronic questionnaires from the Rotterdam Asthma Trial from baseline to 18 months follow‐up. The primary outcome was a difference in C‐ACT scores between parents and their children. The data was analyzed using Spearman's correlation and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsWe included 90 children and their parents. The mean age of the children was 9.6 years (SD 1.7). At baseline, the children gave a median C‐ACT score of 9/12 (IQR 2.5) and the parents gave a median score of 14/15 (IQR 3.0). Children's median C‐ACT scores were significantly lower throughout the study period (p < 0.001). The Spearman test showed moderate to strong correlation (0.659–0.775, and the ICC showed good agreement (0.750–0.813).ConclusionThis study showed that parents gave significantly higher scores for the individual items of the C‐ACT than their children. Considering the child's perspective on their symptoms is crucial when deciding on additional asthma treatment measures.
Evaluation of Nucleated Red Blood Cells in Peripheral Blood Increases the Predictive Value of Pediatric Critical Illness Score in Infants With Severe Pneumonia at 28 Days
Authors: Yu Diao , Huang Yuran , Xu Shipeng , Zeng Ling , Luo Yunfeng , Wang Hongli , Hu Lan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of combining nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) with the pediatric critical illness score (PCIS) in infants with severe pneumonia at 28 days.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of the First People's Hospital of Bijie and included infants with severe pneumonia from September 1, 2021, to August 31, 2022. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were extracted from electronic medical records, and the differences between the groups were compared. Variables showing significant differences were included in binary multivariable logistic regression analysis to explore independent risk factors for mortality in infants with severe pneumonia. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of patient outcomes at 28 days.ResultsThe study included 128 patients; at 28 days, 96 survived (survivor group), and 32 had died (nonsurvivor group). Compared with the survivor group, the nonsurvivor group had lower levels of platelets [348 (239–496) versus 431 (324–540) ×109/L; p = 0.023], albumin [35.7 ± 5.2 vs. 37.9 ± 4.4 g/L; p = 0.022], CD3 [36.9 ± 1.7 vs. 47.6 ± 1.8%; p ＜ 0.001], CD4 [20.4 ± 1.2 vs. 23.6 ± 1.9%; p ＜ 0.001], IgG [4.9 ± 1.0 vs. 6.4 ± 0.7 g/L; p ＜ 0.001], IgA [0.5 ± 0.1 vs. 0.8 ± 0.1 g/L; p ＜ 0.001], 25‐hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D) [21.1 ± 1.0 vs. 30.7 ± 1.36 ng/mL; p ＜ 0.001], PCIS [72.8 ± 7.8 vs. 87.5 ± 6.2; P＜0.001], and a greater NRBC level [0.450 (0.162–0.832) vs. 0.185 (0.100–0.500) ×109/L; p = 0.005]. Binary multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the NRBC count (odds ratio (OR) = 2.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.427–4.239; p = 0.001) and PCIS (OR = 0.775, 95% CI: 0.644–0.934; p = 0.008) were independent predictors of 28‐day survival in infants with severe pneumonia. The PCIS had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.782 (95% CI: 0.680–0.884), NRBC had an AUC of 0.719 (95% CI: 0.622–0.816), and when the NRBC and PCIS were combined, the AUC was 0.929 (95% CI: 0.880–0.978).ConclusionThe NRBC count and PCIS are risk factors for the prognosis of infants with severe pneumonia, and their combination can increase the predictive value of patient outcomes at 28 days.
The Potential Effect of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides in Cancer Immunotherapy and Prevention
Authors: Tran Tuan Hiep , Le Thanh Huong , Tran Thi Thu Phuong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are crucial constituents of inherent immunity and serve as vital components of human host defense, playing a pivotal role in combating invading microbial pathogens. Beyond their antimicrobial functions, AMPs also exhibit various other biological activities including apoptosis induction, wound healing promotion, and immune modulation. These peptides are found in various exposed tissues or surfaces throughout the body, such as eyes, skin, mouth, ears, respiratory tract, lungs, digestive, and urinary system. Additionally, certain AMPs such as LL‐37, HNP, and lactoferrin have shown potential as candidates for anticancer activity. Given the limited selectivity between normal and cancer cells exhibited by many current immunotherapeutic agents, the inherent properties of AMPs make them promising candidates for cancer treatment. Their abundance, bioavailability, safety profile, efficiency, and harmony with the host immune system position them as attractive tools in the fight against cancer. This review is aimed at exploring the potential anticancer properties of AMPs and elucidating their relationship with immunology and cancer immunotherapy.
Accuracy of the Imageless Mode of the ROSA Robotic System for Targeted Resection Thickness in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Single Surgeon Case‐Series Study
Authors: Gamie Zakareya , Kenanidis Eustathios , Douvlis Georgios , Milonakis Nikolaos , Maslaris Alexander , Tsiridis Eleftherios 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe investigated the accuracy of targeted resection thickness in patients undergoing primary Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) using the ROSA robotic system.MethodsCalliper measurements of the distal femur (DF), proximal tibia (PT), and posterior condyles (PC) were taken in 44 patients from June 2023 to January 2024.ResultsPlanned and actual resection depth difference was 0.67 mm ± 0.6 mm (mean ± SD) (p = 0.217) and 0.94 mm ± 1.15 mm (p = 0.4) for medial and lateral DF, 0.93 mm ± 0.81 mm (p = 0.001) and 0.89 mm ± 0.8 mm (p = 0.008) for medial and lateral PT, and 1.1 mm ± 0.97 mm (p = 0.001) and 1.04 mm ± 0.79 mm (p = 0.001) for medial and lateral PC, respectively.ConclusionThe ROSA robotic system can achieve a high degree of accuracy for planned resection thickness. Results are valid only for the imageless ROSA TKA in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis.
A Spatial Registration Method Based on Point Cloud and Deep Learning for Augmented Reality Neurosurgical Navigation
Authors: Liu Zifeng , Yang Zhiyong , Jiang Shan , Zhou Zeyang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn order to achieve spatial registration for surgical navigation, a spatial registration method based on point cloud and deep learning is proposed.MethodsNeural networks are used to register medical image point clouds and patient surface point clouds to complete spatial registration of surgical navigation. An image processing method is designed to convert medical images into point clouds, and a structured light robot is used to extract patient surface point clouds.ResultsCoarse registration was conducted through a neural network, followed by fine registration using the ICP algorithm, achieving a rotational registration error (RRE) of 0.961° and a translational registration error (TRE) of 0.118 mm. In phantom experiments, the surface registration error was 0.622 mm, and the target registration error was 0.748 mm.ConclusionsThe proposed spatial registration method based on point cloud and deep learning improves the accuracy and efficiency of neurosurgical navigation.
Computer‐Guided Navigation System Efficiency Evaluation Using Surgical Instruments for Spinal Fusion
Authors: Lopukhov Evgenii O. , Frolov Ilya A. , Solovyev Mikhail A. , Prokhorenko Leonid S. , Mishchenkov Denis. S. , Klimov Daniil D. , Vorotnikov Andrei A. , Poduraev Yuri V. , Grin Andrei A. , Levchenko Oleg V. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundNavigation surgical systems have been widely used in spinal fusion to ensure accuracy and safety during pedicle screw insertion.MethodsThe research was performed under laboratory conditions, using stereotactic navigation, surgical instruments for spinal fusion, development of additional devices and software. During the experiments, all stages of the computed tomography‐guided navigation system use were performed—preoperative preparation of patient data and planning to provide visual control of the navigation of surgical instruments during the insertion of screws.ResultsThe 20 screws were inserted into the vertebrae of the lumbar spine phantom with an average pedicle width of 12.6 ± 1.29 mm with 100% clinical accuracy. The 30 screws were inserted into cadaveric sheep vertebrae with an average pedicle width of 6.56 ± 0.58 mm with 96.67% efficiency.ConclusionsThe proposed navigation technique of the CT‐guided navigation system is highly effective in the navigation process of surgical instruments and pedicle screws during spinal fusion.
Versatile LaCo0.6Ni0.4O3‐δ Nanofiber Membrane for High Performance Oxygen Electrocatalysis over a Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Zou Lu , Kong Weilin , Sheng Tong , Tian Yunfeng , Pu Jian , Kim Guntae , Chi Bo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are key processes in numerous oxygen‐involved applications over a wide temperature range. Despite advances in nanofiber engineering to increase active site density and catalytic efficiency for ORR/OER, conventional electrode fabrication methods often compromise the integrity of nanofibrous structures. Herein, a robust strategy is presented for the fabrication of LaCo0.6Ni0.4O3‐δ (LCN) nanofibrous membranes using optimized electrospinning techniques. This approach achieves high specific surface area, increased porosity, rapid mass transport, and precise control of morphology and thickness. The resulting LCN nanofibers exhibit exceptional ORR and OER catalytic activity at room temperature, rivaling commercial Pt/C and RuO₂ catalysts. Moreover, in solid oxide cells (SOCs) operating at elevated temperatures, LCN nanofibrous membranes deliver remarkable ORR and OER performance, with a peak power density of 0.802 W cm−2 at 700 °C and excellent stability over 180 h. These results highlight the potential of nanofibrous perovskite catalysts for practical oxygen electrocatalytic applications and demonstrate that the LCN nanofibrous membrane, combined with a self‐assembly approach, exploits on the advantages of high porosity and specific surface area. This work opens up new avenues for the use of nanofibrous electrodes in a wide temperature range.
Boosting Enzyme‐Like Activity Through Controlled Coordination of Metal Single‐Atoms in Rhombic Cavity of Graphyne
Authors: Fu Ruixue , guo Jian , Jin Huan , Li Zhen , Xia Jianing , Tang Ya , Ding Yaping , Zhao Hongbin , Ye Daixin , Xu Jiaqiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe coordination number of metal single‐atoms, being an important factor, should be precisely controlled as it affects both activity and specificity. Herein, the introduction of nitrogen into the para position of benzene in graphyne (2N‐GY) is proposed as a carrier for anchoring metal single‐atoms onto pyrazine nitrogen. These atoms are then coordinated to the center of the rhombic cavity, ensuring precisely controlled coordination numbers. Inspired by natural enzymes, a series of transition metal single‐atom nanozymes (SANs) are constructed utilizing 2N‐GY. Both theory calculations and experiments demonstrated that the incorporation of metal single‐atoms of Fe, Mn, and Mo effectively augmented the enzyme‐like activity, with Mo/GY exhibiting the highest peroxidase ‐like activity. Based on the differing activities of M/GY (M = Fe, Mn, Mo) and the varying abilities of sulfhydryl groups in biothiols to occupy metal active sites, sensing arrays for the high‐throughput identification of six biothiols are constructed. After combining the fingerprint feature responses of biothiols and SANs with machine learning algorithms, the efficient distinction of the six biothiols is achieved. This study introduces a novel pathway for designing and synthesizing SANs that mimic natural enzymes.
Triple‐Phase Interfacial Freestanding Fluffy Pine Needle Structures for Efficient Self‐Powered Photoelectrocatalysis
Authors: Jung Hyunhee , Baek Seunghui , Lee Chanhwi , Yoo Heesik , Lee Joonseok , Kim Kayoung 
Published: December 2024

AbstractApproximately 2 billion people still lack access to clean drinking water. Extensive efforts are underway to develop semiconductor photocatalysts for water disinfection and environmental remediation, but conventional liquid‐solid diphase interfacial photocatalysts face challenges like low diffusion coefficients and limited solubility of dissolved oxygen. This study introduces freestanding copper oxide fluffy pine needle structures (CO‐FPNs) with tunable water pollutants‐gas‐solid (WGS) triple‐phase interfaces that enhance oxygen enrichment and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Three differently structured CO‐FPNs—microdendrites, hierarchical dendrites, and nanowires—are designed. The hierarchical CO‐FPN/WGS, predominantly in the Cassie‐Wenzel coexistence state, showed a 1.81‐ to 1.91‐fold higher reaction rate than the micro‐ and nanostructured CO‐FPNs due to increased interfacial O2 levels and high adsorption capability. Under illumination, the hierarchical CO‐FPN/WGS achieved 99.999% sterilization by preventing pathogen adhesion and enhancing ROS generation. Additionally, a self‐powered photoelectrocatalytic system is constructed using nickel‐iron oxide‐deposited bismuth vanadate (NiFeO/BiVO4) with hierarchical CO‐FPN/WGS, achieving 1.45 times higher than the hierarchical CO‐FPN/WGS alone, due to superior oxidation kinetics of NiFeO/BiVO4 and improved oxygen reduction via atmospheric oxygen from the hierarchical CO‐FPN/WGS. This study demonstrates the first example of a triple‐phase interfacial self‐powered platform for efficient photoelectrocatalysis.
Ferroelectric Polarization Coupling Effect in BiFeO3/α‐In2Se3 Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistor for Stable Non‐volatile Memory
Authors: Wang Yanrong , Cai Yuchen , Li Shuhui , Zhan Xueying , Cheng Ruiqing , Wang Zhenxing , He Jun , Wang Feng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFerroelectric field‐effect transistors (FeFETs) commonly utilize traditional oxide ferroelectric materials for their strong remanent polarization. Yet, integrating them with the standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process is challenging due to the need for lattice matching and the high‐temperature rapid thermal annealing process, which are not always compatible with CMOS fabrication. However, the advent of the ferroelectric semiconductor α‐In2Se3 offers a compelling solution to these challenges. Its van der Waals layered structure facilitates integration with dielectric oxides, bypassing the lattice mismatch problem. Moreover, the ferroelectric polarization of α‐In2Se3 synergizes with the polarization of the ferroelectric dielectric layer. This coupling effect significantly enhances the polarization retention and the data storage capabilities of FeFETs. Here, a dual FeFET is designed that incorporates a BiFeO3 dielectric layer and an α‐In2Se3 channel, showing an improvement in performance compared to FeFETs that use MoS2 as the channel material with a BiFeO3 dielectric, or those with an α‐In2Se3 channel and a HfO2 dielectric. The dual FeFET exhibits an extended retention time of up to 1000 s at 380 K. Though there is still room for further improvement in data retention capabilities, this achievement paves the way for advancements in non‐volatile memory technologies.
The Perspective of Agile Software Developers on Data Privacy
Authors: Peixoto Mariana , Gorschek Tony , Mendez Daniel , Silva Carla , Fucci Davide 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRecent studies have shown that many software developers do not have sufficient knowledge and understanding of how to develop a privacy‐friendly system. This may become a challenge in developing systems complying with data protection laws. To address this issue, we investigated the factors that influence developers' decision‐making when developing privacy‐sensitive systems. We conducted an empirical study by means of a survey with 109 practitioners. Our data analysis is based on the principles of social cognitive theory, which includes personal, behavioral, and external environmental factors. We identified six personal, five behavioral, and five external environment factors that affect how developers make decisions regarding privacy, including confusion between privacy and security and reliance on informal practices and organizational support gaps. These findings contribute to understanding how practitioners and companies consider privacy, showing improvements in formal training and structured support over previous studies yet highlighting persistent challenges in consistent privacy integration.