bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Influence Rice Growth and Development by Regulating the Efficiency of Energy Production
Authors: Ma Jiaying , Chen Tingting , Lin Jie , Fu Weimeng , Feng Baohua , Li Guangyan , Li Hubo , Li Juncai , Wu Zhihai , Tao Longxing , Fu Guanfu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are important essential nutrients for plant growth and development, but how they regulate plant energy status remains unclear. Results: In this study, we grew Nipponbare rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings in a growth chamber for 20 d at 30/24 ℃ (day/night) under natural sunlight conditions with different nutrient regimes. N appeared to play the most important role in plant growth and development, followed by P and K. The highest nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content, dry weight, net photosynthetic rate (PN), ATP content, and NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, and ATPase activities were found in the plants that received sufficient N, P, and K. The lowest values of these parameters were measured in the N-deficient plants. Higher dry matter accumulation was observed in the −K treatment than in the −P treatment, but there was no difference in the ratio of respiration rate to photosynthetic rate between these two treatments, suggesting that differences in energy production efficiency may have accounted for this result. This hypothesis was confirmed by higher ATP contents and activities of NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, and ATPase in the K-deficient plants than in the P-deficient plants. Conclusion: We inferred that N, P, and K controlled rice plant growth and development by regulating the efficiency of energy production.
Management of Metastatic Disease in Campania (MAMETIC): Epidemiologic Data and Palliative Radiotherapy in an Italian Region. Study Protocol
Authors: FRANCO Rossella DI , Cascella Marco , Fusco Mario , Borzillo Valentina , Ferraioli Piera , Scipilliti Esmeralda , D'Ippolito Emma , Petito Angela , Cuomo Arturo , Pignata Sandro , Napoli Marilena Di , Rossetti Sabrina , Celentano Egidio , Crispo Anna , Grimaldi Maria , Muto Paolo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background. In the Italian Campania Region, 30.517 new cases of solid cancer have been diagnosed, in 2019. Of those, patients with metastatic disease are up to 20%. This class of patients is extremely diversified and copious, and the offer of radiotherapy may vary in different geographical areas within the same region. The aim of this observational multicenter retrospective and prospective trial is to evaluate the occurrence of metastatic disease in several areas of a great Italian region, the management of the disease through RT approaches, and its impact on cancer-related pain and overall HRQoL. Methods. This is a multicenter, retrospective and prospective observational investigation. The retrospective part of the study concerns all patients enrolled with a diagnosis of metastatic disease and treated in RT centers within the Campania Region between January 2019 to July 2020. The prospective phase is going to involve all the metastatic patients with an indication of palliative RT. Considering regional epidemiological data, we expect an enrollment of 12.500-21.000 patients in 5 years. Conclusion. The MAMETIC Trial is an epidemiological study designed for investigating the different prevalence of tumors in the metastatic phase within a regional area, and for evaluating the local response to the patient's request. It can be a unique opportunity, not only to highlight possible geographic differences but also to regularly collect and share data to standardize the therapeutic offer within the regional area. ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04595032.
Creep Strain Analysis and an Improved Creep Model of Granite Based on the Ratio of Deviatoric Stress-Peak Strength under Different Confining Pressures
Authors: Qian Li , Zhang Jianhai , Wang Xianliang , Li Yonghong , Zhang Ru , Xu Nuwen , Li Zhiguo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Creep refers to the deformation of rock with time under long-term applied stress, which occur in most underground engineering. The creep behavior of granite in Shuang jiangkou underground powerhouse in Western Sichuan Province, China, was studied by creep tests. Based on test results, a new parameter DPR, the ratio of deviatoric stress to peak strength, is proposed. DPR is found to be a key parameter to describe creep parameters such as instantaneous elastic modulus, creep elastic modulus, and viscosity coefficient of rock under different confining pressures. Creep tests show that instantaneous elastic modulus increases with the increase of DPR. Creep elastic modulus increases when DPR changes from 0.54 to 0.7004, but decreases when DPR is from 0.7004 to 0.88, indicating fractures in rock closes firstly and then new fractures are generated. The viscosity coefficient of the rock increases first and then decreases with the increase of DPR, and when DPR = 0.7171, viscosity coefficient is maximum, indicating the time for rock to reach stability is the longest in creep tests. By introducing DPR and confining pressure into creep model, which interconnect creep parameters in a unified expression, an improved generalized Kelvin creep model is proposed which can accurately describe the primary and the secondary creep behavior of granite under given deviatoric stresses and confining pressures.
Contamination of Single Fluid-Filled Intragastric Balloons with Orogastric Fluid is not Associated with Hyperinflation: An Ex-vivo Study and Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Hawa Fadi , Vargas Eric J. , Acosta Andres , McRae Alison , Bazerbachi Fateh , Dayyeh Barham K. Abu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Spontaneous hyperinflation is reported to the Food and Drug Administration as a complication of intragastric balloons. It is postulated that orogastric contamination of the intragastric balloon may cause this phenomenon. We sought to investigate the effects of intentional balloon contamination with gastric contents on intragastric balloon diameter and contents, whether methylene blue plays a role in preventing spontaneous hyperinflation, and review the available literature on spontaneous hyperinflation.
Methods
Four pairs of balloons with different combinations of sterile saline, contaminants, and methylene blue were incubated in a 37° Celsius water bath for 6 months to simulate physiological conditions with serial measurements of balloon diameter. Our findings were compared against a systematic review across multiple databases to summarize the available literature.
Results
Balloon mean diameter decreased from 33.5 cm ± 0.53 cm to 28.5 cm ± 0.46 cm (p < 0.0001). No significant differences were seen with the methylene blue group. Only 11 cases were found reported in the literature.
Conclusions
Despite contaminating intragastric balloons with gastric aspirates, hyperinflation did not occur, and other factors may be in play to account for this phenomenon, when observed. Rates of hyperinflation remain under-reported in the literature. Further controlled experiments are needed.
De-implementation and Substitution of Clinical Care Processes: Stakeholder Perspectives on the Transition to Primary Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Hahn Erin E , Munoz-Plaza Corrine , Altman Danielle , Hsu Chunyi , Cannizzaro Nancy , Ngo-Metzger Quyen , Wride Patricia , Gould Michael K , Mittman Brian S , Hodeib Melissa , Tewari Krishnansu , Ajamian Lena , Eskander Ramez , Tewari Devansu , Chao Chun R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: New cervical cancer screening guidelines recommend primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for women age 30-65 years. Healthcare organizations are preparing to de-implement the previous recommended strategies of Pap testing or co-testing (Pap plus HPV test) and substitute primary HPV testing. However, there may be significant challenges to replacement of this entrenched clinical practice, even with an evidence-based substitution. We sought to identify stakeholder-perceived barriers and facilitators to this substitution within a large healthcare system, Kaiser Permanente Southern California.Methods: We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with clinician, administrative and patient stakeholders regarding: (a) acceptability and feasibility of the planned substitution; (b) perceptions of barriers and facilitators, with an emphasis on those related to the de-implementation/implementation cycle of substitution; and (c) perceived readiness to change. Our interview guide was informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Using a team coding approach, we developed an initial coding structure refined during iterative analysis; the data were subsequently organized thematically into domains, key themes, and sub-themes using thematic analysis, followed by framework analysis informed by CFIR.Results: We conducted 23 interviews: 5 patient and 18 clinical/administrative. Clinicians perceived that patients feel more tests equals better care, and clinicians and patients expressed fear of missed cancers (“…it’ll be more challenging convincing the patient that only one test is…good enough to detect cancer.”). Patients perceived practice changes resulting in “less care” are driven by desire to cut costs. In contrast, clinicians/administrators viewed changing from two tests to one as acceptable and a workflow efficiency (“…It’s very easy and half the work.”). Stakeholder-recommended strategies included focusing on the increased efficacy of primary HPV testing and developing clinician talking points incorporating national guidelines to assuage ‘cost-cutting’ fears. Conclusions: Substitution to replace an entrenched clinical practice is complex. Leveraging available facilitators is key to ease the process for clinical and administrative stakeholders—e.g., emphasizing the efficiency of going from two tests to one. Identifying and addressing clinician and patient fears regarding cost-cutting and perceived poorer quality of care is critical for substitution. Multicomponent and multilevel strategies for engagement and education will be required.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT04371887
Modulation of COX-2 and NADPH oxidase-4 by Alpha-lipoic acid ameliorates busulfan-induced pulmonary injury in rats.
Authors: Elhadidy Mona , Elmasry Ahlam , Elsayed Hassan Reda Hassan , El-Nablaway Mohammad H , Hamed Shereen , Elalfy Mahmoud M. , Rabei Mohammed R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
purpose: Busulfan is an antineoplastic drug that produces pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to explore the potential protective effect of α-lipoic acid on busulfan-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.Methods: Twenty-four adult male rats were divided into four groups: control, α-lipoic acid (ALA), busulfan, and busulfan plus α-lipoic acid. Lung index ratio, serum level of proinflammatory cytokine were assessed. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products were estimated in the lung tissues in addition to histopathological analyses. The deposition of the collagen in the lung tissues was evaluated by Sirius red staining. The expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), TNF-α, and Caspase 3 were determined immunohistochemically. The pulmonary expression of COX-2 and NOX-4 mRNA were assessed using qRT-PCR.Results: administration of ALA significantly ameliorated BUS-induced pulmonary fibrosis, besides the upregulation of antioxidants, and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Also, it reduced collagen deposition associated with a decreased expression of α-SMA, TNF-α, and Caspase 3 in the lung tissues. Moreover, ALA significantly upregulated the expression of COX-2 concomitant with the downregulation of elevated NOX-4.Conclusion: ALA attenuates the lung cytotoxicity of busulfan through its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antifibrotic effects that may be mediated by upregulation of COX-2 and downregulation of NOX-4.
Delayed Onset Postoperative Retropharyngeal Hematoma After Anterior Cervical Surgery With a Sequela of Tracheal Stricture: a Case Report
Authors: Chang Dong-Gune , Park Jong-Beom , Hwang Zin Ouk , Kim Hong Jin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Among the several complications associated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), airway compromise is considered one of the serious life-threatening conditions and usually requires emergent treatment, including airway establishment and hematoma evacuation surgery. Postoperative retropharyngeal hematoma commonly occurred during the on immediate phase with airway compromise but have a rarity on late onset of this complication. Enlightened by this existing fact, we report the first case of delayed onset postoperative retropharyngeal hematoma after anterior cervical surgery with a sequela of tracheal stricture. Case presentation: A 55-year-old male underwent ACDF for disc herniation at C5-6 that had not responded to conservative treatment over three months. The symptoms significantly improved after surgery, and he was discharged on postoperative day 3. On the seven days after ACDF, the patient complained of sudden onset left-deviated neck swelling. The follow-up plain radiographs and neck-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans showed anterior and right lateral displacement of the airway including the trachea by a large retropharyngeal hematoma. We performed an emergent forceful endotracheal intubation that was maintained for two days until the patient underwent hematoma evacuation surgery. On the second day after hematoma evacuation surgery, the patient complained of hoarseness with a foul breath odor. Laryngoscopy showed tracheal ischemic mucosal damage that had been induced by forceful endotracheal intubation. Antibiotics and systemic corticosteroids were administered, and the symptoms improved. One month after hematoma evacuation surgery, he complained of dyspnea on exertion, and laryngoscopy showed tracheal stricture. The patient underwent bronchoscopic dilatation and is doing well without recurrence of symptoms. Conclusions: Early surgery to remove the delayed onset retropharyngeal hematoma, rather than forceful endotracheal intubation followed by delayed surgery, might yield better results and avoid unexpected complications of tracheal stricture.
Transcriptional profiles reveal deregulation of lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways in neurons exposed to palmitic acid
Authors: Leon Manuel Flores , Millman Nicolas Alcaraz , Dominguez Martha Perez , Arciga Karla Marisa Torres , Vega Rosa Rebollar , Velazquez Inti Alberto De la Rosa , Canon Cristian Arriaga , Herrera Luis A , Arias Clorinda , Barrios Rodrigo González 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The effects of the consumption of high-fat diets (HFD) have been studied to unravel the molecular pathways they are altering in order to understand the link between increased caloric intake, metabolic diseases, and the risk of cognitive dysfunction. The saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA), is the main component of HFD and it has been found increased in the circulation of obese and diabetic people. In the central nervous system, PA has been associated with inflammatory responses in astrocytes, but the effects on neurons exposed to it have not been largely investigated. Given that PA affect a variety of metabolic pathways, we aimed to analyze the transcriptomic profile activated by this fatty acid to shed light on the mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction. In the current study, we profiled the transcriptome response after PA exposition at non-toxic doses in primary hippocampal neurons. Gene ontology and Reactome pathway analysis revealed a pattern of gene expression which is associated with inflammatory pathways, and importantly, with the activation of lipid metabolism that is considered not very active in neurons. Validation by qRT-PCR of Hmgcs2, Angptl4, Ugt8 and Rnf145 support the results obtained by RNAsEq. Overall, these findings suggest that neurons are able to respond to saturated fatty acids changing the expression pattern of genes associated with inflammatory response and lipid utilization that may be involved in the neuronal damage associated with metabolic diseases.
Linking COVID-19 and heme-driven pathophysiologies: A combined computational-experimental approach
Authors: Hopp Marie-T. , Domingo-Fernandez Daniel , Gadiya Yojana , Detzel Milena S. , Graf Regina , Schmalohr Benjamin F. , Kodamullil Alpha T. , Imhof Diana , Hofmann-Apitius Martin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has been declared a worldwide pandemic in 2020. Infection triggers the respiratory tract disease COVID-19, which is accompanied by serious changes of clinical biomarkers such as hemoglobin and interleukins. The same parameters are altered during hemolysis, which is characterized by an increase in labile heme. We present two computational-experimental approaches that aim at analyzing a potential link between heme-related and COVID-19 pathophysiologies. Herein, we performed a detailed analysis of the common pathways induced by heme and SARS-CoV-2 by superimposition of knowledge graphs covering heme biology and COVID-19 pathophysiology. Focus was laid on inflammatory pathways and distinct biomarkers as the linking elements. In a second approach, four COVID-19-related proteins, the host cell proteins ACE2 and TMPRSS2 as well as the viral protein 7a and S protein, were computationally analyzed as potential heme-binding proteins with an experimental validation. The results contribute to the understanding of the progression of COVID-19 infections in patients with different clinical backgrounds and might allow for a more individual diagnosis and therapy in the future.
Cu2Se-based thermoelectric cellular architectures for efficient and durable power generation
Authors: Choo Seungjun , Ejaz Faizan , Ju Hyejin , Kim Fredrick , Lee Jungsoo , Yang Seong Eun , Kim Gyeonghun , Kim Hangeul , Jo Seungki , Baek Seongheon , Cho Soyoung , Kim Ju-Young , Ahn Sangjoon , Chae Han Gi , Kwon Beomjin , Son Jae Sung 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Thermoelectric (TE) power generation offers a promising way to recover waste heat. The geometrical design of TE legs in modules is important to ensure sustainable power generation but cannot be easily achieved by traditional fabrication processes. Herein, we propose the design of cellular TE architectures for efficient and durable power generation, realized by the extrusion-based 3D printing process of Cu2Se TE materials. We designed the optimum aspect ratio of a cuboid TE leg to maximize the power output and extended this design to the mechanically stiff cellular architectures of hollow hexagonal column- and honeycomb-based TE legs. Moreover, we developed organic binder-free Cu2Se-based 3D-printing inks with desirable viscoelasticity, tailored with an additive of inorganic Se82- polyanion, fabricating the designed topologies. The computational simulation and experimental measurement demonstrated the superior power output and mechanical stiffness of the proposed cellular TE architectures to other designs, unveiling the importance of topological designs of TE legs toward higher power and longer durability.
Investigating the Factors Affecting the Self-care Behaviors Status of Patients With Type II Diabetes and the Role of Demographic Variables: a Case Study in Iran
Authors: Kianipour Neda , Chaboksavar Fakhrodin , Rahimi Mehrali , Lebni Javad Yoosefi , Abbas Jaffar , Ziapour Arash 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Self-care practices in diabetes patients are crucial to keep the illness under control and prevent complications. Effective management of diabetes will be a difficult task without an adequate understanding of the current level of practice related to diabetes self-care. Therefore, this study aims to assess the factors affecting the self-care behaviors status of patients with Type II diabetes and the role of demographic variables in Iran. Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that was designed and conducted in 2020. This study's statistical population was type II diabetic patients at the Diabetes Research Center of Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah who were selected by available sampling method of 280 samples. Data collection tools included demographic characteristics questionnaire and standard self-care questionnaire for the Glasgow and Tobert diabetic patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS-23 software, independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and stepwise regression.Results: The mean of self-care scores was 2.07±2.08 and indicated an unfavorable condition. The highest mean scores of self-care were in the field of regular use of medications, and the lowest scores were in the field of blood-glucose testing. The mean scores of self-care were significantly different based on marital status, occupation status, residence, type of treatment, duration of diabetes, years, smoking status (P<0.05). Regression results showed that the variables predictors; type of treatment, smoking status, the complication of diabetes, education level status, place of residence explained 515% of the variance of self-care.Conclusion: The study showed that the extent to which individuals adhere to Type II diabetes recommended management is substantially low. Improving awareness of patients and the community at large is imperative, especially on the diet, exercise, blood-glucose testing, foot care, and no smoking.
“Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil of Chattogram Hill Tracts, Bangladesh and Concomitant Health Risk”
Authors: Barua Troyee , Bhuian AKM Saiful Islam , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin , Deb Nipa , Hossain Shahadat , Rashid Md. Abdur 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The increased human population and associated activities may create a risk in the ecological balance of Chattogram Hill Tracts (CHT), Bangladesh via contamination of soil with toxic heavy metals. Thus, the present study was conducted to assess the concentration of heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Copper, Zinc, Iron, Manganese, Chromium and Nickel) in forest soils of the CHT area by using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The degree of contamination of soil was evaluated by five indices: geo-accumulation index (I geo ), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk index (PERI). According to these criteria, these soils can be classified as moderately contaminated with some metals. Furthermore, the identification of pollution sources based on principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis have revealed that all analyzed metals are anthropogenic except Fe. Calculated hazard index>1 indicates the possibility of noncarcinogenic effect due to higher value of Fe. Carcinogenic risks through the ingestion, inhalation and dermal pathway for carcinogenic elements (Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni) shows a non-significant risk (CR<10 -6 ) for both children and adults living in the studied area.
Measured data may help the policymakers to reduce the potential effects of soil contamination on eco-environment and human health.