bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GABAergic basal forebrain projections to the periaqueductal gray promote food consumption, reward and predation
Authors: Roman-Ortiz Ciorana , Guevara Jessica A. , Clem Roger L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBehaviors central to the procurement and consumption of food are among those most fundamental to survival, but their inappropriate expression can lead to overeating and obesity. Nevertheless, we have a poor understanding of circuits that promote feeding independent of physiological demand. Here we demonstrate that activation of basal forebrain (BF) GABAergic neurons results in consumption of food as well as non-food items in well-fed mice, and performance of fictive eating in the absence of ingestible materials. In addition, stimulation of these cells disrupts defensive threat responses and elicits reward-like motivational effects. Finally, BF GABAergic activity triggers skilled predatory attacks of live prey and prey-like objects, but not social targets. These effects were entirely recapitulated by selective stimulation of BF GABAergic projections to the periaqueductal gray (PAG). Our results outline a potent circuit mechanism for increased feeding through recruitment of distinct but synergistic behaviors, and add to growing evidence that PAG is an important integrator of feeding-related activity.
Variation in fine root traits with thinning intensity in a Chinese fir plantation insights from branching order and functional groups
Authors: Wang Zuhua , Liu Min , Chen Fen , Li Haibo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThinning is a widely used practice in forest management, but the acclimation mechanisms of fine roots to forest thinning are still unclear. We examined the variations in fine root traits of different branching orders and functional groups along a thinning intensity gradient in a 26-year-old Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation. With increasing thinning intensity, the root C concentration (RCC), root N concentration (RNC), specific root area (SRA), and specific root length (SRL) of the absorptive roots (the first two orders) significantly decreased, while root abundance (root biomass and root length density) and root tissue density (RTD) significantly increased. Fifty-four percent of the variation in the absorptive root traits could be explained by the soil N concentration and the biomass and diversity of the understorey vegetation. Conversely, transport root (third- and higher-order) traits did not vary significantly among different thinning intensities. The covariation of absorptive root traits across thinning intensities regarding two dimensions was as follows: the first dimension (46% of the total variation) represented changes in root abundance and chemical traits (related to RCC, RNC), belonging to an extensive foraging strategy; the second dimension (41% of the total variation) represented variations in root morphological traits (related to RTD, SRL and SRA), which is an intensive foraging strategy (i.e., root economic spectrum). These results suggested that the absorptive roots of Chinese fir adopt two-dimensional strategies to acclimate to the altered surroundings after thinning.
FLT3-ITD transduces autonomous growth signals during its biosynthetic trafficking in acute myelogenous leukemia cells
Authors: Yamawaki Kouhei , Shiina Isamu , Murata Takatsugu , Tateyama Satoru , Maekawa Yutarou , Niwa Mariko , Shimonaka Motoyuki , Okamoto Koji , Suzuki Toshihiro , Nishida Toshirou , Abe Ryo , Obata Yuuki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) in hematopoietic cells binds to its ligand at the plasma membrane (PM), then transduces growth signals. FLT3 gene alterations that lead the kinase to assume its permanently active form, such as internal tandem duplication (ITD) and D835Y substitution, are found in 30–40% of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients. Thus, drugs for molecular targeting of FLT3 mutants have been developed for the treatment of AML. Several groups have reported that compared with wild-type FLT3 (FLT3-wt), FLT3 mutants are retained in organelles, resulting in low levels of PM localization of the receptor. However, the precise subcellular localization of mutant FLT3 remains unclear, and the relationship between oncogenic signaling and the mislocalization is not completely understood. In this study, we show that in cell lines established from leukemia patients, endogenous FLT3-ITD but not FLT3-wt clearly accumulates in the perinuclear region. Our co-immunofluorescence assays demonstrate that Golgi markers are co-localized with the perinuclear region, indicating that FLT3-ITD mainly localizes to the Golgi region in AML cells. FLT3-ITD biosynthetically traffics to the Golgi apparatus and remains there in a manner dependent on its tyrosine kinase activity. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as quizartinib (AC220) and midostaurin (PKC412), markedly decrease FLT3-ITD retention and increase PM levels of the mutant. FLT3-ITD activates downstream in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus during its biosynthetic trafficking. Results of our trafficking inhibitor treatment assays show that FLT3-ITD in the ER activates STAT5, whereas that in the Golgi can cause the activation of AKT and ERK. We provide evidence that FLT3-ITD signals from the early secretory compartments before reaching the PM in AML cells.
Endophytic bacterial communities are associated with leaf mimicry in the vine Boquila trifoliolata
Authors: Gianoli Ernesto , González-Teuber Marcia , Vilo Claudia , Guevara-Araya María J. , Escobedo Víctor M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe mechanisms behind the unique capacity of the vineBoquila trifoliolatato mimic the leaves of several tree species remain unknown. A hypothesis in the original leaf mimicry report considered that microbial vectors from trees could carry genes or epigenetic factors that would alter the expression of leaf traits inBoquila. Here we evaluated whether leaf endophytic bacterial communities are associated with the mimicry pattern. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we compared the endophytic bacterial communities in three groups of leaves collected in a temperate rainforest: (1) leaves from the model treeRhaphithamnus spinosus(RS), (2)Boquilaleaves mimicking the tree leaves (BR), and (3)Boquilaleaves from the same individual vine but not mimicking the tree leaves (BT). We hypothesized that bacterial communities would be more similar in the BR–RS comparison than in the BT–RS comparison. We found significant differences in the endophytic bacterial communities among the three groups, verifying the hypothesis. Whereas non-mimeticBoquilaleaves and tree leaves (BT–RS) showed clearly different bacterial communities, mimeticBoquilaleaves and tree leaves (BR–RS) showed an overlap concerning their bacterial communities. The role of bacteria in this unique case of leaf mimicry should be studied further.
The influence law of concrete aggregate particle size on acoustic emission wave attenuation
Authors: Wu Xin , Yan Qiao , Hedayat Ahmadreza , Wang Xuemei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElastic waves have different attenuation laws when propagating in various materials, which is one of the important challenges in the application of non-destructive testing methods, such as acoustic emission (AE) technology in geotechnical engineering. The study presented in this paper investigated the influence mechanism of concrete composition materials and parameters on the propagation law of elastic waves using concrete specimens produced in six different particle sizes of sand or gravel. The burst AE signal was generated through the lead-breaking experiment, and ceramic piezoelectric sensors were used to record the signal waveform at different propagation distances. Through parameter analysis, spectrum analysis, and pattern recognition techniques, the influence of the concrete aggregate particle size on AE wave propagation and attenuation was revealed. The results show that the attenuation of elastic wave amplitude, energy spectral density, and frequency all were positively correlated with the aggregate particle size, and the elastic wave spectrum center of gravity generally decreased with the propagation distance. The ring count gradually decreased with the propagation distance, and the specimens with a larger aggregate particle size underwent a relatively faster ring count attenuation rate. The rise time increased rapidly with the propagation of the elastic wave, and the specimens with a larger aggregate particle size experienced a relatively rapid increase in rise time. In addition, in the feature spaces of ring count-amplitude and rise time–amplitude, the size of aggregate has an obvious influence on the distribution of these feature vector.
MUC1 ectodomain is a flagellin-targeting decoy receptor and biomarker operative during Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection
Authors: Verceles Avelino C. , Bhat Pavan , Nagaria Zain , Martin Destiny , Patel Harsh , Ntem-Mensah Afua , Hyun Sang W. , Hahn Andrea , Jeudy Jean , Cross Alan S. , Lillehoj Erik P. , Goldblum Simeon E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe previously reported that flagellin-expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) provokes NEU1 sialidase-mediated MUC1 ectodomain (MUC1-ED) desialylation and MUC1-ED shedding from murine lungs in vivo. Here, we asked whether Pa in the lungs of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia might also increase MUC1-ED shedding. The levels of MUC1-ED and Pa-expressed flagellin were dramatically elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) harvested from Pa-infected patients, and each flagellin level, in turn, predicted MUC1-ED shedding in the same patient. Desialylated MUC1-ED was only detected in BALF of Pa-infected patients. Clinical Pa strains increased MUC1-ED shedding from cultured human alveolar epithelia, and FlaA and FlaB flagellin-expressing strains provoked comparable levels of MUC1-ED shedding. A flagellin-deficient isogenic mutant generated dramatically reduced MUC1-ED shedding compared with the flagellin-expressing wild-type strain, and purified FlaA and FlaB recapitulated the effect of intact bacteria. Pa:MUC1-ED complexes were detected in the supernatants of alveolar epithelia exposed to wild-type Pa, but not to the flagellin-deficient Pa strain. Finally, human recombinant MUC1-ED dose-dependently disrupted multiple flagellin-driven processes, including Pa motility, Pa biofilm formation, and Pa adhesion to human alveolar epithelia, while enhancing human neutrophil-mediated Pa phagocytosis. Therefore, shed desialylated MUC1-ED functions as a novel flagellin-targeting, Pa-responsive decoy receptor that participates in the host response to Pa at the airway epithelial surface.
Adversarial attack and defense methods for neural network based state estimation in smart grid
Authors: Tian Jiwei , Wang Buhong , Li Jing , Konstantinou Charalambos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeep learning has been recently used in safety‐critical cyber‐physical systems (CPS) such as the smart grid. The security assessment of such learning‐based methods within CPS algorithms, however, is still an open problem. Despite existing research on adversarial attacks against deep learning models, only few works are concerned about safety‐critical energy CPS, especially the state estimation routine. This paper investigates security issues of neural network based state estimation in the smart grid. Specifically, the problem of adversarial attacks against neural network based state estimation is analysed and an efficient adversarial attack method is proposed. To thwart this attack, two defense methods based on protection and adversarial training, respectively, are proposed further. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed attack method poses a major threat to neural network based state estimation models. In addition, our results present that defense methods can improve the ability of neural network models to defend against such adversarial attacks.
Der selektive Nachweis von HLA-spezifischen B-Gedächtniszellen
Authors: Simper Gwendolin , Schleumann Philipp , Seidel Sarah , Ho Gia-Gia Toni , Placzko Susann , Bade-Döding Christina 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der Transplantationsdiagnostik werden die Seren der Patienten auf der Warteliste jedes Quartal auf präexistierende Anti-HLA-Antikörper untersucht. Jedoch kann die Existenz von zirkulierenden peripheren Antikörpern, die von knochenmarkresidierenden Plasmazellen sezerniert wurden, keine zuverlässige Information über das Zellkompartment von B-Gedächtniszellen geben. Die Exposition mit einem inkompatiblen HLA-Antigen kann immer die Aktivierung vorhandener B-Gedächtniszellen auslösen. Die Analyse von B-Gedächtniszellen ermöglicht die Erhebung von belastbaren Daten über den individuellen Immunstatus eines Patienten.
Joint creative process in translation
Authors: Korhonen Annamari , Hirvonen Maija 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, we explore socially distributed cognition (SDC) as a theoretical model of translation and investigate it empirically as an aspect of the collaborative and creative translation workflow. With the aim of developing a better understanding of SDC and collaborative workflows in translation, we analyzed two different settings where more than one person works on a translation: commercial specialized translation (CST) services, and the production of audio descriptions (AD) as teamwork between blind and sighted describers. The analysis focuses on how the process of co-creation unfolds in the communication that binds together the systems of SDC. While the process of co-creation was strikingly similar in the two different translation contexts, the differences were bound to channels of communication (with or without direct contact between participants), and the draft translation was identified as a central artifact that carries much of the communication when the participants do not work in the same space. With an emphasis on socially distributed cognition, our study provides a framework for both the cognitive and social aspects of translation and develops the understanding of collaborative translation processes. It also contributes to the development of translation practices by helping translation operators and trainers make choices between alternative workflows.
Translation teams as cognitive systems
Authors: Pleijel Richard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to bring research on different forms of group-level cognition into conversation with Cognitive Translation Studies (CTS), the focal point of the paper being cognitive processes in translation teams. It is argued that an analysis of cognition in translation teams, which exhibit the properties of a cognitive system, needs to be placed on group-level. A case study of a team, translating the Hebrew Bible Book of Psalms into Swedish in the 1980’s, is presented. The empirical base for the case study consists of archival material in the form of draft translations and paratexts. The methodological question is thus raised whether, and if so in what way, cognitive processes may be analyzed retrospectively, and not only from a real time perspective. By treating the archival material as cognitive artifacts which have constituted an integral part of the team’s cognitive process, the question is tentatively answered in a favourable way. This, it is finally argued, opens up interesting possibilities for joining CTS with translator archives research, Genetic Translation Studies (GTS), and cognitive archeology.
Gesture development in Peruvianchildren and its relationship with vocalizations and vocabulary
Authors: Fernández-Flecha María , Blume María , Junyent Andrea , Tijero Neyra Talía 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We examine gestural development, and correlations between gesture types, vocalizations and vocabulary at ages 8 to
15 months, employing data from MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories for Peruvian Spanish, in the
first such study with Peruvian children. Results show (1) significant change with age in the production of gesture types, with
older children producing more; (2) important correlations between gesture types, and both vocalization types and vocabulary after
controlling for age effects; and (3) correlations between the trajectory of the pointing gesture in its two modalities (whole-hand
and index-finger) with age, vocalizations, and vocabulary, an effect that persists with respect to vocalizations after controlling
for age. Our findings, based on a sample from a non-weird population, support a key role for gesture production in early
communicative and linguistic development.
Gaze selects the next speaker in answers to questions pronominally addressed to more than one co-participant
Authors: Auer Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLike many other languages, but unlike modern (standard) English, German has a distinct second person plural pronoun (ihr, ‘you guys’), contrasting with the second person singular pronoun (du). The second person plural pronoun addresses a turn to more than one, and possibly all co-present participants. This paper investigates turn-taking after such multiply addressed turns, taking as an example information-seeking questions, i.e., a sequential context in which a specific next action is relevant in the adjacent position. It might appear that in such a context, self-selection applies (Schegloff 1992: 122); more than one co-participant is addressed, but none selected as next speaker. In this paper, I show on the basis of spontaneous interactions recorded with mobile eye-tracking equipment that this is not the case and that TCU-final gaze is employed to select the next speaker. The participant not being gazed at TCU-finally is addressed, but not selected as the answerer in next position and may provide an answer in a sequential position after the first answer. The article demonstrates that gaze is an efficient way to allocate turns in the absence of verbal cues and thus contributes to our understanding of turn-taking from a multimodal perspective.
From translation zone to sacrifice zone
Authors: Cronin Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne of the most extreme challenges facing humanity at present is the climate crisis. Responding appropriately to this crisis requires a fundamental re-examination of received ways of thinking about translation, among other things. Contrasting the eco-minor with the eco-major mode of representing ecological crisis, we argue for the importance of minority perspectives in developing an expanded remit for translation studies in the context of the climate emergency. The concepts of relational and situational minority are advanced to explore how indigenous translation hermeneutics can inform climate debates. In line with environmental debates around the importance of ‘thinking outdoors’, we advocate for a notion of ‘translating outdoors’ and seek to incorporate this line of enquiry into the development of the concept of the city as more-than-human translation zone. In the coming age of extreme climate conditions, no socially responsible understanding of translation can afford to ignore ecological perspectives on the practice.
CP-violating transport theory for electroweak baryogenesis with thermal corrections
Authors: Kainulainen Kimmo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We derive CP-violating transport equations for fermions for electroweak baryogenesis from the CTP-formalism including thermal corrections at the one-loop level. We consider both the VEV-insertion approximation (VIA) and the semiclassical (SC) formalism. We show that the VIA-method is based on an assumption that leads to an ill-defined source term containing a pinch singularity, whose regularisation by thermal effects leads to ambiguities including spurious ultraviolet and infrared divergences.
We then carefully review the derivation of the semiclassical formalism and extend it to include thermal corrections. We present the semiclassical Boltzmann equations for thermal WKB-quasiparticles with source terms up to the second order in gradients that contain both dispersive and finite width corrections. We also show that the SC-method reproduces the current divergence equations and that a correct implementation of the Fick's law captures the semiclassical source term even with conserved total current ∂μ
j
μ = 0. Our results show that the VIA-source term is not just ambiguous, but that it does not exist. Finally, we show that the collisional source terms reported earlier in the semiclassical
literature are also spurious, and vanish in a consistent calculation.
On the Trans-Planckian Censorship Conjecture and the generalized non-minimal coupling
Authors: Guleryuz Omer 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We investigate the Trans-Planckian Censorship Conjecture (TCC) and the arising bounds on the inflationary cosmology caused by that conjecture. In that investigation, we analyze TCC bounds for both Jordan and Einstein frames in the presence of a generic non-minimal coupling (to gravity) term. That term allows us to use the functional freedom it brings to the inflationary Lagrangian as an effective Planck mass. In this sense, we argue one should consider the initial field value of the effective Planck mass for the TCC. We show that as a result, one can remove the TCC upper bounds without the need to produce a new process or go beyond the standard inflation mechanism, with the generalized non-minimal coupling, and for Higgs-like symmetry-breaking potentials.
Comparison of Fuel Cell DC/DC Power Supply Topologies
Authors: Chen Guofu , Dai Fengjiao , Kang Wei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
With the development of fuel cell products and technology, power electronics researchers have proposed a variety of fuel cell DC/DC power supply topologies for the output characteristics of fuel cells. This article compares and analyzes several existing non-isolated and isolated topological structures, summarizes the respective advantages and disadvantages of different topological structures and applicable scenarios, and provides references for further indepth discussion of related issues.
Research on Rates Discharge Characteristics of High Energy Density Ternary Lithium Battery
Authors: Lu Changbo , Sun Yanli , Zhang Chunlin , Zhou Lijie , Chen Jinmao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In order to study the effect of rates discharge on characteristics of ternary lithium batteries, a new type of high rate ternary lithium battery from a unit is used as the research object. The discharge test is carried out at the discharge rates of 1C, 4C, 7C, 12C and 15C on this ternary lithium battery at room temperature with high and low temperature charge/discharge test system. The test results show that the energy density under 1C rate discharge is 202.62wh/kg. Correspondingly, the energy density under 4C, 7C and 12C rate discharge is 95.17%, 93.83% and 91.79% of the value under 1C rate discharge respectively. Even for 15C rate discharge, its energy density can reach 87.15% of 1C rate discharge. During the discharge process, the temperature of the battery increased with the increase of discharge rate, and the temperature rise at 15C rate by 26 °C.