bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical stimulation of referred sensation area alleviates phantom limb pain
Authors: Osumi Michihiro , Shimizu Daisuke , Nishi Yuki , Morioka Shu 
Published: March 2021

Background: Patients with brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) usually experience phantom sensations and phantom limb pain (PLP) in the deafferented limb. It has been suggested that evoking the sensation of touch in the deafferented limb by stimulating referred sensation areas (RSAs) on the cheek or shoulder might alleviate PLP. However, feasible rehabilitation techniques using this approach have not been reported. Objective: The present study sought to examine the analgesic effects of simple electrical stimulation of RSAs in BPA patients with PLP. Methods: Study 1: Electrical stimulation of RSAs for 60 minutes was conducted for six BPA patients suffering from PLP to examine short-term analgesic effects. Study 2: A single case design experiment was conducted with two BPA patients to investigate whether electrical stimulation of RSAs was more effective for alleviating PLP than control electrical stimulation (electrical stimulation of sites on side opposite to the RSAs), and to elucidate the long-term effects of electrical stimulation of RSAs. Results: Study 1: Electrical stimulation of RSAs evoked phantom touch sensations in the deafferented limb, and significantly alleviated PLP ( p < 0.05). Study 2: PLP was alleviated more after electrical stimulation on RSAs compared with control electrical stimulation ( p < 0.05). However, the analgesic effects of electrical stimulation on RSAs were observed only in the short term, not in the long term ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: Electrical stimulation of RSAs not only evoked phantom touch sensation but also alleviated PLP in the short term. The results indicate that electrical stimulation of RSAs may provide a useful practical rehabilitation technique for PLP. Future studies will be required to clarify the mechanisms underlying immediate PLP alleviation via electrical stimulation of RSAs.
The Added Value of Bloodpool SPECT/CT in Painful Non-Operated Foot and Ankle Undiagnosed With Standard Three-Phase Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Cuvilliers Cécile , Palard-Novello Xavier , Pontoizeau Clémence , Meneret Pierre , Devillers Anne , Le Jeune Florence , Girard Antoine 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the interest of adding a bloodpool SPECT/CT to standard three-phase bone scintigraphy (BS) for etiological diagnosis of subacute and chronic lower extremity pains.Methods: We prospectively included patients addressed for pain of lower extremities lasting for at least 6 weeks, without previous surgery. They underwent a standard three-phase BS including late phase SPECT/CT, modified with an additional bloodpool SPECT/CT acquisition. Two independent physicians interpreted the images provided by both protocols. Diagnostic conclusion, diagnostic confidence, and interrater agreements were compared.Results: One hundred and eighteen lower extremities from 113 patients were analyzed (71 men, median age of 53 years). Adding bloodpool SPECT/CT to standard three-phase BS changed diagnostic conclusions in 24.6% (29/118) of lower extremities. The modified protocol revealed at least one diagnostic conclusion explaining the pain in 89% of extremities, rather than 83.1% with the standard protocol (p = 0.02). Tendinopathies were diagnosed in 12.7% of lower extremities, rather than 4.2% with standard BS (p = 0.002). Adding bloodpool SPECT/CT substantially increased overall confidence of each reader (p &lt; 0.001). Inter-reader agreement was not significantly impacted.Conclusion: Adding bloodpool SPECT/CT to standard three-phase BS impacted diagnostic conclusion in a quarter of the patients with painful lower extremities, notably by revealing significantly more tendonitis.
Bio-Active Free Direct Optical Sensing of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A Using a Manganese Oxide Nano-System
Authors: Singh Avinash Kumar , Lakshmi G. B. V. S. , Dhiman Tarun Kumar , Kaushik Ajeet , Solanki Pratima R. 
Published: March 2021

Aflatoxins-B1 (AFB1) and Ochratoxin-A (OchA) are the two types of major mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus fungi, Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium verrocusumv. These toxins are mainly found in metabolite cereals, corn, coffee beans, and other oil-containing food items. Excessive consumption of these toxins can be carcinogenic and lead to cancer. Thus, their rapid testing became essential for food quality control. Herein, manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO2 nps) have been proposed to explore the interaction with AFB1 and OchA using UV-visible spectroscopy. MnO2 nps were synthesized using the co-precipitation method. They were pure and crystalline with an average crystallite size of 5–6 nm. In the UV-vis study, the maximum absorbance for MnO2 nps was observed around 260 nm. The maximum absorbance for AFB1 and OchA was observed at 365 and 380 nm, respectively, and its intensity enhanced with the addition of MnO2 nps. Sequential changes were observed with varying the concentration of AFB1 and OchA with a fixed concentration of MnO2 nps, resulting in proper interaction. The binding constant (kb) and Gibbs free energy for MnO2 nps-AFB1 and OchA were observed as 1.62 × 104 L g−1 and 2.67 × 104 L g−1, and −24.002 and −25.256 kJ/mol, respectively. The limit of detection for AFB1 and OchA was measured as 4.08 and 10.84 ng/ml, respectively. This bio‐active free direct sensing approach of AFB1 and OchA sensing can be promoted as a potential analytical tool to estimate food quality rapidly and affordable manner at the point of use.
Development of a Machine Learning Model for Optimal Applicator Selection in High-Dose-Rate Cervical Brachytherapy
Authors: Stenhouse Kailyn , Roumeliotis Michael , Ciunkiewicz Philip , Banerjee Robyn , Yanushkevich Svetlana , McGeachy Philip 
Published: March 2021

PurposeTo develop and validate a preliminary machine learning (ML) model aiding in the selection of intracavitary (IC) versus hybrid interstitial (IS) applicators for high-dose-rate (HDR) cervical brachytherapy.MethodsFrom a dataset of 233 treatments using IC or IS applicators, a set of geometric features of the structure set were extracted, including the volumes of OARs (bladder, rectum, sigmoid colon) and HR-CTV, proximity of OARs to the HR-CTV, mean and maximum lateral and vertical HR-CTV extent, and offset of the HR-CTV centre-of-mass from the applicator tandem axis. Feature selection using an ANOVA F-test and mutual information removed uninformative features from this set. Twelve classification algorithms were trained and tested over 100 iterations to determine the highest performing individual models through nested 5-fold cross-validation. Three models with the highest accuracy were combined using soft voting to form the final model. This model was trained and tested over 1,000 iterations, during which the relative importance of each feature in the applicator selection process was determined.ResultsFeature selection indicated that the mean and maximum lateral and vertical extent, volume, and axis offset of the HR-CTV were the most informative features and were thus provided to the ML models. Relative feature importances indicated that the HR-CTV volume and mean lateral extent were most important for applicator selection. From the comparison of the individual classification algorithms, it was found that the highest performing algorithms were tree-based ensemble methods – AdaBoost Classifier (ABC), Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC), and Random Forest Classifier (RFC). The accuracy of the individual models was compared to the voting model for 100 iterations (ABC = 91.6 ± 3.1%, GBC = 90.4 ± 4.1%, RFC = 89.5 ± 4.0%, Voting Model = 92.2 ± 1.8%) and the voting model was found to have superior accuracy. Over the final 1,000 evaluation iterations, the final voting model demonstrated a high predictive accuracy (91.5 ± 0.9%) and F1 Score (90.6 ± 1.1%).ConclusionThe presented model demonstrates high discriminative performance, highlighting the potential for utilization in informing applicator selection prospectively following further clinical validation.
The National Children's Study Archive Model: A 3-Tier Framework for Dissemination of Data and Specimens for General Use and Secondary Analysis
Authors: Gilbertson Peter K. , Forrester Susan , Andrews Linda , McCann Kathleen , Rogers Lydia , Park Christina , Moye Jack 
Published: March 2021

The National Children's Study (NCS) Archive was created as a repository of samples, data, and information from the NCS Vanguard Study—a longitudinal pregnancy and birth cohort evaluating approaches to study influence of environmental exposures on child health and development—to provide qualified researchers with access to NCS materials for use in secondary research. The National Children's Study Archive (NCSA) model is a 3-tiered access model designed to make the wealth of information and materials gathered during the NCS Vanguard Study available at a user appropriate level. The NCSA model was developed as a 3-tier framework, for users of varying access levels, providing intuitive data exploration and visualization tools, an end-to-end data and sample request management system, and a restricted portal for participant-level data access with a team of experts available to assist users. This platform provides a model to accelerate transformation of information and materials from existing studies into new scientific discoveries.Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00852904 (first posted February 27, 2009).
Severe Periodontitis and Biomarkers of Bacterial Burden. Results From a Case-Control and Intervention Clinical Trial
Authors: Leira Yago , Fragkiskos Dimitrios , Orlandi Marco , Suvan Jeanie , Nibali Luigi , Tonetti Maurizio S. , Belibasakis Georgios N. , Bostanci Nagihan , D'Aiuto Francesco 
Published: March 2021

Background and aims: Periodontitis is an inflammatory-infectious disease. Identifying markers of systemic exposure of periodontitis might be of interest to study its interaction with other conditions. Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM-1) is upregulated during bacterial infections. Our aim was therefore to investigate whether periodontitis and its treatment are associated with bacterial endotoxin and sTREM-1.Methods: Fifty patients with severe periodontitis and 50 age-matched controls were included in a case-control study (all never smokers). A secondary analysis of a previously published intervention study was performed, in which included 69 patients with severe periodontitis were randomized to receive either intensive (IPT) or control periodontal therapy (CPT) and monitored over 6 months. Serum levels of bacterial endotoxin and sTREM-1 were determined at one time point (case-control study) and at baseline, 1 day, 1 and 6 months after periodontal treatment (intervention study).Results: Severe periodontitis was associated with elevated circulating endotoxin levels when cases (22.9 ± 2.2 EU/ml) were compared to controls (3.6 ± 0.5 EU/ml, p &lt; 0.001) and with sTREM-1 levels (1302.6 ± 47.8 vs. 870.6 ± 62.0 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between sTREM-1 and endotoxin levels (r = 0.4, p &lt; 0.001). At 6 months after treatment, IPT significantly decreased serum levels of sTREM-1 compared to CPT (adjusted mean difference of 500.2 pg/ml, 95% CI: 18.9–981.4; p = 0.042). No substantial differences were noted in endotoxin levels at any time point after treatment between groups.Conclusions: Severe periodontitis is linked to increased circulating endotoxin and sTREM-1 levels and following IPT a reduction in sTREM-1 levels is observed.
The NASA High-Resolution Speckle Interferometric Imaging Program: Validation and Characterization of Exoplanets and Their Stellar Hosts
Authors: Howell Steve B. , Scott Nicholas J. , Matson Rachel A. , Everett Mark E. , Furlan Elise , Gnilka Crystal L. , Ciardi David R. , Lester Kathryn V. 
Published: March 2021

Starting in 2008, NASA has provided the exoplanet community an observational program aimed at obtaining the highest resolution imaging available as part of its mission to validate and characterize exoplanets, as well as their stellar environments, in search of life in the Universe. Our current program uses speckle interferometry in the optical (320–1,000 nm) with new instruments on the 3.5-m WIYN and both 8-m Gemini telescopes. Starting with Kepler and K2 follow-up, we now support TESS and other space- and ground-based exoplanet related discovery and characterization projects. The importance of high-resolution imaging for exoplanet research comes via identification of nearby stellar companions that can dilute the transit signal and confound derived exoplanet and stellar parameters. Our observations therefore provide crucial information allowing accurate planet and stellar properties to be determined. Our community program obtains high-resolution imagery, reduces the data, and provides all final data products, without any exclusive use period, to the community via the Exoplanet Follow-Up Observation Program (ExoFOP) website maintained by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. This paper describes the need for high-resolution imaging and gives details of the speckle imaging program, highlighting some of the major scientific discoveries made along the way.
Comprehensive study on operational lifetime of organic light-emitting diodes: effects of molecular structure and energy transfer
Authors: Ito Hirokazu , Shimizu Takahisa , Wada Yoshimasa , Kaji Hironori , Fukagawa Hirohiko 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been studied as a key technology for next-generation displays. Although OLEDs with internal quantum efficiencies of approximately 100% have been achieved using phosphorescent or thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters, little is known about the correlation between the molecular structure of emitters and the lifetime of OLEDs. Here we observed the effect of the molecular structure on the lifetime of OLEDs by utilizing the efficient energy transfer from TADF materials to phosphorescent emitters. We found that specific molecular structures are effective in extending the stability of TADF materials and the OLEDs fabricated using these materials.
Energy conversion in the thermoacoustic system using a stack wetted with water
Authors: Kawashima Yuto , Sakamoto Shin-ichi , Onishi Riku , Hiramatsu Koto , Watanabe Yoshiaki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Energy conversion which takes place in a stack wetted with water is investigated. To clarify the discussion, two cases for working fluid of only air and air containing water vapor are compared. As a result, three conclusions are obtained: 1. In the case of air only, energy generation depends on temperature gradient; 2. In the case of a mixture of water vapor and air, the energy generation depends on the number-density ratio; 3. The energy generation due to water vapor is around 15 times that due to air. These conclusions are thought to be useful for designing a thermoacoustic system capable of low-temperature driving which uses the stack wetted with water.
Quantitative evaluation of ultrasonic cleaning ability using acoustic cavitation signal
Authors: Uchida Takeyoshi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish a new quantitative evaluation index for ultrasonic cleaning ability. We described the relationship between the acoustic cavitation signal generated by acoustic cavitation bubbles and the cleaning ability of an ultrasonic cleaning device. The measured acoustic cavitation signal was broadband noise. Ultrasonic cleaning ability was independently determined as the removal rate of material coatings on a metal surface, as an analog for medical apparatus cleaning. There was a positive correlation between broadband noise and the material removal rate. The results showed that an acoustic cavitation signal has the potential to be used as an evaluation index for measuring the effectiveness of ultrasonic cleaning.
Initial electrical properties of tantalum oxide resistive memories influenced by oxygen defect concentrations
Authors: Li Yuanlin , Tsurumaki-Fukuchi Atsushi , Arita Masashi , Takahashi Yasuo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The initial electrical properties of tantalum oxide resistive memory were investigated using four metal electrodes (TiN, Ti, Ta, and Al) and two kinds of tantalum oxide with different amounts of intrinsic oxygen vacancies. The initial resistance depended on the electrode material. This indicated that oxygen scavenging by the electrodes contributed to a reduction in the resistance. However, the resistance change depended on the intrinsic oxygen vacancy concentration introduced during the tantalum oxide deposition. The forming voltage also depended on the electrode metal. For the device with an Al electrode, a clear aluminum oxide layer was identified at the electrode–insulator interface, which was hypothesized to be the origin of the high forming voltage. All factors concerning the oxygen vacancies, i.e. intrinsic vacancies introduced via film deposition and extrinsic vacancies caused by the electrode scavenging effect, influenced the initial state of tantalum oxide, and thus, its switching performance as a resistive memory.
High capacitance density highly reliable textured deep trench SiN capacitors toward 3D integration
Authors: Saito Koga , Yoshida Ayano , Kuroda Rihito , Shibata Hiroshi , Shibaguchi Taku , Kuriyama Naoya , Sugawa Shigetoshi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We developed high capacitance density and highly reliable Si deep trench capacitors with textured surface and SiN dielectric film. The developed capacitor consists of parallel unit cells with 14.3 μm depth textured surface trench capacitors, using Si wafer process compatible to 3D integration, realizing high scalability and versatility. Various fabrication conditions were experimented with to optimize the electrical characteristics. As a result, over 230 fF μm−2 capacitance density and 9.0 V breakdown voltage were achieved. Regarding reliability, it has been confirmed that SiN dielectric film leads to below 10−9 A cm−2 leakage current density at 1 V and the predicted lifetime of over 50 years at 3.3 V. For low voltage applications, higher capacitance density is available by using thinner SiN dielectric films.
PENGENALAN TANAMAN OBAT FAMILY ZINGIBERACEAE DAN MANFAATNYA MENGGUNAKAN AUGMENTED REALITY BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Fernandarisky Oky Nigel , Mahmudi Ali , Zulfia Zahro' Hani 
Published: March 2021

Tanaman obat adalah tumbuhan yang banyak diketahui memiliki banyak manfaat dalam menyembuhkan atau mencegah penyakit. Tanaman obat biasanya di gunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional. Namun seiring dengan pekembangan jaman tanaman obat sering ditinggalkan. Minimnya informasi di masyarakat akan manfaat tanaman obat membuat sebagian orang lebih memilih untuk menggunakan obat kimia atau modern. Untuk saat ini mempelajari tanaman obat hanya dapat dilakukan melalui sebuah buku dan gambar yang terdapat pada buku-buku tentang tanaman obat tersebut masih disajikan dalam bentuk 2D.
Permasalahan tersebut menjadi latar belakang dilakukannya pengembangan dan pembuatan aplikasi Augmented Reality berbasis Android yang dapat digunakan untuk memvisualisasikan bentuk tanaman obat dalam bentuk objek 3D. Aplikasi ini dibangun menggunakan software Unity 2018 3.9f1 dengan menggunakan marker yang memanfaatkan Vuforia, dan objek 3D dibangun menggunakan software 3Ds Max. Data yang digunakan berdasarkan family zingiberaceae diambil dari buku Herbal Indonesia Berkhasiat Bukti Ilmiah, dan Cara Racik Vol 10 Penerbit Trubus.
Berdasarkan hasil pengujian user, menunjukkan nilai kepuasan sebanyak 77,2% dengan kriteria baik. Berdasarkan pengujian fungsi didapatkan hasil bahwa marker dapat terdeteksi dengan rentang jarak 10cm – 40 cm.
AUGMENTED REALITY SENYAWA KIMIA SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BAGI SISWA SMA BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Prasetiyo Agung Sugih , Wibowo Suryo Adi , Orisa Mira 
Published: March 2021

Pembelajaran ilmu kimia di dunia pendidikan merupakan aspek yang sangat penting untuk dipelajari, pada umumnya pembelajaran kimia dilakukan melalui buku dan penyampaian oleh guru. Metode tersebut kurang efektif dan efisien dalam menumbuhkan minat belajar siswa, terutama pada pelajaran kimia yang memerlukan tingkat pemahaman yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikembangkan suatu metode yang menjadi inovasi di bidang teknologi dalam meningkatkan minat belajar kimia siswa SMA.
Salah satu metode yang dapat dikembangkan adalah media pembelajaran Augmented Reality yang berbasis Android. Augmented Reality adalah objek tiga dimensi yang bersifat maya dengan menggabungkan objek tiga dimensi yang bersifat nyata secara realtime. Pemanfaatan teknologi Augmented Reality sebagai media pembelajaran senyawa kimia, diharapkan dapat menambah minat belajar siswa serta membantu siswa dalam memahami serta memvisualisasikan bentuk dari senyawa kimia yang digambarkan secara 3 dimensi.
Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah aplikasi Augmented Reality Senyawa Kimia berbasis Android dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran siswa SMA. Marker yang digunakan dapat terdeteksi dengan baik pada kemiringan 0° – 60°, rentang jarak 20 cm - 40 cm serta pada intensitas cahaya lebih dari 23,6 lux.
IMPLEMENTASI AUGMENTED REALITY UNTUK PENGENALAN HURUF HIJAIYAH ALQURAN BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Aktafi Billah , Wibowo Suryo Adi , Wahid Abdul 
Published: March 2021

Indonesia ialah salah satu negara dengan islam terbesar di dunia salah satu kewajiban umat islam ialah membaca Al-Quran, membaca Al-Quran sejak usia dini merupakan pembelajaran awal yang baik bagi setiap anak dengan mengenalkan huruf HijaIyah adalah salah satunya untuk pembelajaran awal namun sebagian anak-anak usia 4 sampai 7 tahun lebih memilih dan asyik dengan smartphone mereka ketimbang dengan belajar membaca Al-Quran.
Dengan demikian anak-anak sangat sulit sekali membedakan huruf-huruf hijaiyah contoh seperti ت dengan ن dan lain sebagainya oleh sebab itu di era teknologi tentunya semua orang sudah akrab dengan teknologi 3dimensi (3D), sekarang hadir sebuah teknologi baru yang di sebut Augmented Reality(AR) yakni teknologi bisa mengabungkan dunia nyata dengan dunia maya yang di proyeksikan melalui prangkat elektronik.
Dengan perkembangan teknologi saat ini, belajar maupun mencari informasi tidaklah sulit dilakukan. Telah banyak cara yang dilakukan oleh peneliti terdahulu untuk membuat media pembelajaran menumbuhkan minat belajar mengenai huruf hijaiyah. salah satunya mengguakan Augmented Reality(AR) ini dengan memaduka huruf HijaIyah yang di proyeksikan 3dimensi untuk mengenal perbedaan yang terdapat pada huruf dengan aplikasi edukasi interaktif berbasis android di dalam aplikasi ini terdapat juga suara untuk membantu anak anak memahami perbedaan huruf Hijaiyah dalam makhrijul hurufnya