bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional Hydrologic Classification for Sustainable Dam Operations in China: Exploratory Applications in the Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Rallings Anna M. , Clifton Britne , Espinoza Vicky , Hao Zhuo , Chen Wenjun , Duan Weili , Peng Qidong , Luo Pingping , Viers Joshua H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRegulated rivers worldwide are managed to meet human demands and reduce flood hazards but the resulting flow regime often fails to support ecological and hydrogeomorphic processes. Designing environmental flows (e‐flows) for regulated rivers has been the focus of recent studies, but in the absence of site‐specific monitoring data, it can be difficult to assign flow regimes. Given the recent development of dams throughout China, and the desire to minimize adverse downstream ecological effects, we classified river basins to identify characteristics for improved basin management. The purpose of the classification is to minimize the need for localized data when developing initial evaluations for planning e‐flow prioritization plans. Building on the functional flow framework of managing rivers to deliver environmental water in the right place, time, and amount, we use k‐means consensus clustering to group 185 subbasins of China’s Yangtze River into seven hydroclasses (consensus = 0.80). Similar hydrogeomorphic and ecological characteristics are used for the purposes of identifying flow regime components indexed against threatened aquatic species and anthropogenic pressures. This case study can inform water resource management and e‐flow requirements broadly. As hydropower dams are expected to more than double over the next 15 years globally, flexible management strategies that balance ecosystem needs with human demands can support efforts for sustainable development.
Baseline characteristics of systemic sclerosis patients with restrictive lung disease in a multi‐center US‐based longitudinal registry
Authors: Castelino Flavia V. , VanBuren John M. , Startup Emily , Assassi Shervin , Bernstein Elana J. , Chung Lorinda , Correia Chase , Evnin Luke B. , Frech Tracy M. , Gordon Jessica K. , Hant Faye N. , Hummers Laura K. , Khanna Dinesh , Sandorfi Nora , Shah Ami A. , Shanmugam Victoria K. , Steen Virginia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimInterstitial lung disease (ILD) is the leading cause of disease‐related death in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Here, we assess baseline characteristics of SSc subjects with and without restrictive lung disease (RLD) in a multi‐center, US‐based registry.MethodsSSc patients within 5 years of disease onset were enrolled in the Collaborative National Quality and Efficacy Registry (CONQUER), a multi‐center US‐based registry of SSc study participants (age ≥ 18 years) enrolled at 13 expert centers. All subjects met 2013 American College of Rheumatology / European League Against Rheumatism criteria. Subjects with a pulmonary function test (PFT) at baseline before April 1, 2020 were included. High‐resolution computed tomography scan of the chest was not available to characterize ILD for all subjects. RLD was defined as forced vital capacity (FVC) <80% or total lung capacity (TLC) <80% predicted.ResultsThere were 160 (45%) SSc subjects characterized as having RLD. There was no significant difference in age, gender or disease duration. RLD subjects had a mean disease duration from date of first non‐Raynaud's symptom of 2.6 years and a mean FVC% predicted of 67% at baseline. In multivariable analysis, non‐White race, higher physician global health assessment and modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scores, were independently associated with RLD. In the subgroup of RLD subjects with ILD, ILD had a negative correlation with RNA polymerase III antibody.ConclusionCONQUER is the largest, multi‐center, prospective cohort of early SSc patients in the US. Non‐White race was independently associated with RLD. In addition, 45% of CONQUER subjects already had RLD, highlighting the importance of screening for SSc‐ILD at initial diagnosis.
Comprehensive analysis of PD‐L1 in non‐small cell lung cancer with emphasis on survival benefit, impact of driver mutation and histological types, and archival tissue
Authors: Wang Chin‐Chou , Huang Kuo‐Tung , Chang Huang‐Chih , Tseng Chia‐Cheng , Lai Chien‐Hao , Lan Jui , Liu Ting‐Ting , Huang Chao‐Cheng , Lin Meng‐Chih 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to assess programmed death‐ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) expression in different histological types and gene mutation status of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsA total of 4062 pathology‐confirmed lung cancer patients were retrospectively screened at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from November 2010 to June 2017. There were 699 NSCLC patients with confirmed PD‐L1 expression level retrospectively enrolled for analysis.ResultsThere was a trend of higher PD‐L1 expression in squamous cell carcinoma and adenosquamous cell carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma (p = 063). Significant higher PD‐L1 expression in EGFR wild‐type was noted (p < 0.001). No significant differences in PD‐L1 expression were found between ALK wild‐ and mutant types, but there seem was a trend of high PD‐L1 level noted in ALK mutation patients (p = 0.069). In EGFR mutation patients, a higher time to treatment failure (TTF) duration was observed in no PD‐L1 expression (p = 0.011). Longer tumor tissue storage time correlated with lower PD‐L1 expression in lung cancer (p < 0.001 for linear trend).ConclusionsThere were a trend or significant differences in PD‐L1 expression between different histological types in NSCLC, different EGFR and ALK status, and different tumor tissue storage time. A higher survival benefit was observed in no PD‐L1 expression than with PD‐L1 expression in adenocarcinoma, EGFR and ALK mutation patients. We recommend that PD‐L1 assay should be performed as early as possible if tissue is available.
Associations between alcohol demand and both the experience and subjective evaluation of positive and negative alcohol‐related consequences
Authors: Aston Elizabeth R. , Berey Benjamin L. , Boyle Holly K. , Riordan Benjamin , Merrill Jennifer E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundConsiderable variation exists in the extent to which alcohol‐related consequences are evaluated as positive or negative. These evaluations, in turn, predict subsequent drinking behavior. Understanding the etiological pathways to positive and negative alcohol‐related consequences is essential to the design of interventions aimed at reducing drinking consequences. Behavioral economic models posit that excessive alcohol valuation contributes to problematic use. Elevated alcohol demand (i.e., relative alcohol value) is associated with negative alcohol‐related consequences; however, it is unclear whether demand is related to positive consequences or subjective consequence evaluations.MethodsCollege student drinkers (n = 114; 74.6% female) completed an online survey. Participants indicated whether they had ever experienced any of 24 negative and 14 positive consequences and subjectively evaluated their most recent experience of each consequence endorsed. An alcohol purchase task assessed hypothetical alcohol consumption across 14 prices and three observed demand indices were calculated: intensity (i.e., consumption at zero cost), Omax (i.e., maximum expenditure), and Pmax (i.e., price associated with maximum expenditure). Bivariate correlations and hierarchical regressions were used to test associations between observed demand indices and the number and subjective evaluations of positive and negative (researcher‐ and participant‐defined) consequences.ResultsIntensity and Omax, but not Pmax, were bivariately associated with researcher‐ and participant‐defined negative and positive consequences. However, in hierarchical regression models that controlled for the maximum number of drinks consumed in a single day over the past month, only intensity was significantly associated with more negative and positive consequences. Intensity was associated with positive consequence evaluations in bivariate but not regression models.ConclusionStudents with higher intensity reported more prior alcohol consequences (positive and negative), independent of drinking level. However, subjective evaluations of recent consequences did not vary as a function of demand. Results support using behavioral economic models to facilitate identifying etiologic pathways to alcohol consequences and suggest that novel interventions incorporating demand manipulation may reduce drinking consequences.
Transmission of 940 nm diode laser to the radicular area during its application as root canal disinfectant
Authors: Al‐Maliky Mohammed Abbood , Zardawi Faraedon Mostafa , Meister Jörg , Frentzen Matthias , Al‐Karadaghi Tamara Sardar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo measure the transmitted laser power in the coronal, middle and apical root thirds during vertical and horizontal irradiation of laser. 14 mm length whole roots and longitudinal root sections were irradiated using a 940 nm diode laser with 0.5 W in continuous mode for 5 s. A power detector was placed in front of the root apex for the vertical transmitted power measurement and placed laterally to root surface for the horizontal transmission experiment. The transmitted power from the root apex vertically was 53% of the irradiated power, while for the horizontal transmission experiment for the coronal, middle and apical root thirds were 25.6%, 40.4% and 41.3%, respectively. Irradiation of root canals with 940 nm laser power can be transmitted during vertical irradiation in more than 50% of the samples, whereas less transmission happens with horizontal irradiation at apical and middle root third than coronal.
Hematological and molecular analysis of patients with G6PD deficiency revealed coexistent hereditary spherocytosis and alpha thalassemia
Authors: Rizo‐delaTorre Lourdes del Carmen , Herrera‐Tirado Isis Mariela , Hernández‐Peña Rubiceli , Ibarra‐Cortés Bertha , Perea‐Díaz Francisco Javier 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundGlucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis (HS), and alpha thalassemia (α‐thal) are frequent erythrocyte pathologies with different geographic distributions worldwide. Our aim is to report hematological and molecular findings of G6PD deficient Mexican patients in coinheritance with suggestive hereditary spherocytosis (sHS) and α‐thal.MethodsWe studied 78 G6PD deficiency patients. Hematological parameters, acidified glycerol lysis test, erythrocyte morphology, electrophoresis, and hemoglobin quantification were obtained. G6PD and HBA2/HBA1 variants were identified using ARMS‐PCR, Gap‐PCR, or Sanger sequencing.ResultsNine G6PD variants were identified; A–202A/376G, A–376G/968C, and A+376G as the most frequent. G6PD Santiago de Cuba1339A and Kamiube1387T were detected in Mexicans for first time. Hematological analysis revealed additional erythrocyte pathologies in 52 patients, 32 with positive osmotic fragility test and spherocytes in blood smear (suggestive hereditary spherocytosis, sHS), 12 with microcytosis and 8 with all three defects who had the most severe phenotype, with significantly lower hematological parameters (Hb, PCV, MCV, and MCH). α‐thal variants (αHphα, α–59C>Tα and ‐α3.7) were observed in 65% of patients with microcytosis.ConclusionAdditional erythrocyte defects were observed in 69.3% of G6PD deficiency patients. We stress the importance of searching for the presence of additional erythrocyte hereditary diseases in patients with G6PD deficiency.
Proteinase‐activated receptor‐2 antagonist C391 inhibits Alternaria‐induced airway epithelial signalling and asthma indicators in acute exposure mouse models
Authors: Rivas Candy M. , Yee Michael C. , Addison Kenneth J. , Lovett Marissa , Pal Kasturi , Ledford Julie G. , Dussor Gregory , Price Theodore J. , Vagner Josef , DeFea Kathryn A. , Boitano Scott 
Published: November 2021

Background and PurposeDespite the availability of a variety of treatment options, many asthma patients have poorly controlled disease with frequent exacerbations. Proteinase‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR2) has been identified in preclinical animal models as important to asthma initiation and progression following allergen exposure. Proteinase activation of PAR2 raises intracellular Ca2+, inducing MAPK and β‐arrestin signalling in the airway, leading to inflammatory and protective effects. We have developed C391, a potent PAR2 antagonist effective in blocking peptidomimetic‐ and trypsin‐induced PAR2 signalling in vitro as well as reducing inflammatory PAR2‐associated pain in vivo. We hypothesized that PAR2 antagonism by C391 would attenuate allergen‐induced acutely expressed asthma indicators in murine models.Experimental ApproachWe evaluated the ability of C391 to alter Alternaria alternata‐induced PAR2 signalling pathways in vitro using a human airway epithelial cell line that naturally expresses PAR2 (16HBE14o−) and a transfected embryonic cell line (HEK 293). We next evaluated the ability for C391 to reduce A. alternata‐induced acutely expressed asthma indicators in vivo in two murine strains.Key ResultsC391 blocked A. alternata‐induced, PAR2‐dependent Ca2+ and MAPK signalling in 16HBE14o− cells, as well as β‐arrestin recruitment in HEK 293 cells. C391 effectively attenuated A. alternata‐induced inflammation, mucus production, mucus cell hyperplasia and airway hyperresponsiveness in acute allergen‐challenged murine models.Conclusions and ImplicationsTo our best knowledge, this is the first demonstration of pharmacological intervention of PAR2 to reduce allergen‐induced asthma indicators in vivo. These data support further development of PAR2 antagonists as potential first‐in‐class allergic asthma drugs.
High‐throughput and multi‐phases identification of autoantibodies in diagnosing early‐stage breast cancer and subtypes
Authors: Luo Rongrong , Zheng Cuiling , Song Wenya , Tan Qiaoyun , Shi Yuankai , Han Xiaohong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAutoantibodies (AAbs) targeted tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) have the potential for early detection of breast cancer. Here, 574 early‐stage breast cancer (ES‐BC) patients containing 4 subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2+, TN), 126 benign breast disease (BBD) patients, and 199 normal healthy controls (NHC) were separated into three‐phases to discover, verify, and validate AAbs. In discovery phase using high‐throughput protein microarray, 37 AAbs with sensitivity of 31.25%‐86.25% and specificity over 73% in ES‐BC, and 40 AAbs with different positive rates between subtypes were identified as candidates. In verification phase, 18 AAbs were significantly increased compared with the Control (BBD and NHC) in focused array. Ten out of 18 AAbs exhibited a significant difference between subtypes (P < .05). In ELISA validation phase, 5 novel AAbs (anti‐KJ901215, ‐FAM49B, ‐HYI, ‐GARS, ‐CRLF3) exhibited significantly higher levels in ES‐BC compared with BBD/NHC (P < .05). The sensitivities of individual AAb and a 5‐AAbs panel were 20.41%‐28.57% and 38.78%, whereas the specificities were over 90% and 85.94%. Simultaneously, 4 AAbs except anti‐GARS differed significantly between TN and non‐TN subtype (P < .05). We constructed 3 random forest classifier models based on AAbs to discriminant ES‐BC from Control or BBD, and to discern TN subtype, which yielded an area under the curve of 0.870, 0.860, and 0.875, respectively. Biological interaction analysis revealed 4 TAAs, except for KJ901215, that were associated with well known proteins of BC. This study discovered and stepwise validated 5 novel AAbs with the potential to diagnose ES‐BC and discern TN subtype, indicating easy‐to‐detect and minimally invasive diagnostic value of serum AAbs ahead of biopsy for future application.
Initiation of noninvasive surveillance for allograft rejection in heart transplant patients > 1 year after transplant
Authors: Kewcharoen Jakrin , Kim Jean , Cummings Mandi B. , Leitner Katie B. , Suzuki Erin M. B. , Banerjee Dipanjan , Lum Corey J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundGene expression profiling (GEP) and donor‐derived, cell‐free DNA (dd‐cfDNA) measurement are alternative methods to endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) to monitor for rejection following heart transplantation. We aim to describe our use of GEP and dd‐cfDNA in heart transplant recipients > 1‐year post‐transplantation.MethodsThis is a single‐center, retrospective study in post‐transplant recipients. For patients who were > 1‐year post‐transplantation and deemed to be at elevated clinical risk for rejection, we collected both GEP and dd‐cfDNA every 3 months. Baseline characteristics including GEP, dd‐cfDNA levels, rejection episodes, and number of biopsies were obtained.ResultsSince July 2019, there were 18 patients being followed with GEP and dd‐cfDNA who were > 1‐year post‐transplantation. Nine EMBs had been performed in seven patients due to as follows; three due to elevated GEP ({greater than or equal to} 34), one due to elevated dd‐cfDNA ({greater than or equal to} .20%), two due to elevations of both GEP and dd‐cfDNA, two due to clinical rejection and one to follow up a post rejection episode. One of the two biopsies due to elevations of both GEP and dd‐cfDNA showed acute cellular rejection grade 2R. None of the biopsies due to either an elevation in the GEP or dd‐cfDNA revealed any significant rejection.ConclusionIn this study, the use of both GEP and dd‐cfDNA led to an increased number of EMB in patients > 1‐year post‐transplantation. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and evaluate long‐term consequences of these diagnostic tests in this population
Client resistance to hepatitis C treatment initiation in opioid agonist treatment clinics in Sydney, Australia: A qualitative study
Authors: Coupland Heidi , Day Carolyn , Haber Paul , Pritchard‐Jones Janice , McKee Kristen , George Jacob , McCaughan Geoff 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionOpioid agonist treatment (OAT) clinics play a key role in achieving elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) globally. Previous research has identified barriers to HCV treatment uptake in OAT clinics; however, most studies were conducted prior to the introduction of direct‐acting antiviral treatments (DAA). It remains unclear whether progress has been made in responding to barriers and what challenges persist in this setting.MethodsSemi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted with staff (n = 20) and clients (n = 15) in two OAT clinics in Sydney, Australia. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using constant comparative methods.ResultsDespite progress in integrating hepatitis C care in the clinics, competing priorities, concerns about side‐effects, distrust of staff, health problems and difficulties accessing testing and medication persisted as key reasons why clients had not initiated treatment. Most clients preferred to postpone treatment and focus on other priorities and some highlighted lack of medical evidence for urgent treatment. Pressure on services to achieve elimination targets within set time frames was a primary driver of repeated offers of treatment by staff and the framing of clients' preferences for postponing treatment, as a barrier.Discussion and ConclusionCurrent timelines for HCV elimination targets may have galvanised services into action but may have also created tensions at the coalface due to disparities between staff and clients' priorities. The involvement of peer workers and mechanisms to ensure continued follow up with clients about DAA treatments is required. Public health timelines for HCV elimination need to be informed by affected communities' priorities.
Occipital bending in migraine with visual aura
Authors: Özkan Esra , Gürsoy‐Özdemir Yasemin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze occipital bending (OB) frequency in patients with migraine with visual aura compared with those without aura.BackgroundA unique type of asymmetry in the human brain in which one occipital pole crosses the midline and bends over the other pole is called OB. OB frequency has been shown to be related to major psychiatric diseases. Hence, it may suggest more than an anatomical variation. Structural differences in the brain have been demonstrated but unequivocally between patients with migraine with aura and without aura. OB is newly recognized, and we aimed to evaluate its frequency among patients with migraine.MethodsFor this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed our records from 2016 to 2021 from a database of the outpatient headache clinic of Koç University Hospital.ResultsWe found 84 patients with migraine who fulfilled diagnostic criteria for migraine with aura and migraine without aura and also had cranial magnetic resonance imaging. The median age of the population was 40 (IQR, 32–52). The female‐to‐male ratio of participants was 2:1. A quarter of the patients had visual aura. The prevalence of OB in patients with migraine in our retrospective study was 33.3% (28/84). Between our study groups, OB was significantly higher in patients with migraine with visual aura (57.1%, 12 out of 21 patients) than in those without aura (25.4%, 16 out of 63), (odds ratio 3.9 (95% confidence interval 1.4 to 11.0), p = 0.015).ConclusionOB frequency is two times higher in patients with migraine with visual aura. It may have pathophysiological implications.
JAZF1, YWHAE and BCOR gene translocation in primary extrauterine low‐grade and high‐grade endometrial stromal sarcomas
Authors: Sun Lili , Zhao Wei , Zhao Zehua , Zhu Yanmei 
Published: November 2021

AimsJAZF1 translocation is the most common genetic change in low‐grade (LG) endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS), and YWHAE and BCOR translocations are common in high‐grade (HG) ESS. Primary extrauterine ESS is rare, and there are limited data on molecular alterations in these tumours.Methods and resultsCases of primary extrauterine ESS, comprising eight LG‐ESS cases and five HG‐ESS cases were collected. Haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the histomorphology and analyse related protein expression. JAZF1, YWHAE and BCOR rearrangements were explored with fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH). In LG‐ESS, the tumour cells resembled normal proliferative‐phase endometrial stromal cells; CD10, oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor were expressed in all eight cases. In HG‐ESS, the tumour cells had uniform HG round and/or spindle morphology, sometimes with an LG component; CD10 was fully expressed in one case and focally expressed in four cases; BCOR was expressed in all five cases, and cyclin D1 in four of five cases. FISH analysis showed JAZF1 translocation in one of eight LG‐ESS cases (12.5%). YWHAE translocation occurred in four of five HG‐ESS cases, with a positivity rate of 80%. BCOR translocation was absent in all five cases.ConclusionsIn extrauterine LG‐ESS, the rate of JAZF1 rearrangement was significantly lower than in uterine LG‐ESS. This result limited the value of JAZF1 translocation for diagnosis. YWHAE rearrangement is a common genetic change in extrauterine HG‐ESS. Further studies are required to confirm these findings, especially in LG‐ESS.