bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing High-Fidelity Phenotype Knowledge Graphs for Infectious Diseases With a Fine-Grained Semantic Information Model: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Deng Lizong , Chen Luming , Yang Tao , Liu Mi , Li Shicheng , Jiang Taijiao 
Published: May 2021

Background
Phenotypes characterize the clinical manifestations of diseases and provide important information for diagnosis. Therefore, the construction of phenotype knowledge graphs for diseases is valuable to the development of artificial intelligence in medicine. However, phenotype knowledge graphs in current knowledge bases such as WikiData and DBpedia are coarse-grained knowledge graphs because they only consider the core concepts of phenotypes while neglecting the details (attributes) associated with these phenotypes.

Objective
To characterize the details of disease phenotypes for clinical guidelines, we proposed a fine-grained semantic information model named PhenoSSU (semantic structured unit of phenotypes).

Methods
PhenoSSU is an “entity-attribute-value” model by its very nature, and it aims to capture the full semantic information underlying phenotype descriptions with a series of attributes and values. A total of 193 clinical guidelines for infectious diseases from Wikipedia were selected as the study corpus, and 12 attributes from SNOMED-CT were introduced into the PhenoSSU model based on the co-occurrences of phenotype concepts and attribute values. The expressive power of the PhenoSSU model was evaluated by analyzing whether PhenoSSU instances could capture the full semantics underlying the descriptions of the corresponding phenotypes. To automatically construct fine-grained phenotype knowledge graphs, a hybrid strategy that first recognized phenotype concepts with the MetaMap tool and then predicted the attribute values of phenotypes with machine learning classifiers was developed.

Results
Fine-grained phenotype knowledge graphs of 193 infectious diseases were manually constructed with the BRAT annotation tool. A total of 4020 PhenoSSU instances were annotated in these knowledge graphs, and 3757 of them (89.5%) were found to be able to capture the full semantics underlying the descriptions of the corresponding phenotypes listed in clinical guidelines. By comparison, other information models, such as the clinical element model and the HL7 fast health care interoperability resource model, could only capture the full semantics underlying 48.4% (2034/4020) and 21.8% (914/4020) of the descriptions of phenotypes listed in clinical guidelines, respectively. The hybrid strategy achieved an F1-score of 0.732 for the subtask of phenotype concept recognition and an average weighted accuracy of 0.776 for the subtask of attribute value prediction.

Conclusions
PhenoSSU is an effective information model for the precise representation of phenotype knowledge for clinical guidelines, and machine learning can be used to improve the efficiency of constructing PhenoSSU-based knowledge graphs. Our work will potentially shift the focus of medical knowledge engineering from a coarse-grained level to a more fine-grained level.
La información de la pandemia de la Covid-19 en las portadas de los diarios. Estudio comparativo de Italia, Reino Unido, España, Francia, Portugal, Estados Unidos, Rusia y Alemania
Authors: Tejedor Santiago , Cervi Laura , Tusa Jumbo Fernanda Esperanza , Portalés Marta 
Published: May 2021

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>La investigación presenta un estudio comparativo de las portadas de ocho países sobre la cobertura informativa de la pandemia en dos diarios impresos de Italia, Reino Unido, España, Francia, Portugal, Estados Unidos, Rusia y Alemania. Se analiza el número de noticias sobre la pandemia, el tipo de texto, la tipología de fuentes informativas, los personajes, el uso del color, la inclusión y enfoque de las fotografías o la ubicación en la página, entre otros parámetros. A partir de revisión de 288 portadas de 16 diarios del mundo (2 por país), recogiendo 1 478 piezas informativas de 710 noticias y 94 592 evidencias de datos, este trabajo emplea un enfoque descriptivo de análisis hemerográfico. El estudio concluye, entre otros aspectos, que la presencia </span>de afectados y de personal sanitario en las informaciones de portada es nimia; identifica un predominio de los géneros periodísticos informativos (breves y noticiosos, especialmente) y detecta el rol protagónico de las figuras políticas y el alto grado de politización de la crisis. Finalmente, se observa que los encuadres visuales en los diarios analizados tienden a fomentar la humanización a través de la representación emocional.</p></div></div></div>
Las repercusiones políticas de una pandemia
Authors: De la Peña Ricardo 
Published: May 2021

<div class="page" title="Page 1"> <p>En este ensayo se recuperan datos que dan cuenta del impacto de la pandemia sobre las condiciones de la democracia en el mundo. La fuente de información es el proyecto Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), que para este año 2021 incorpora —además de su seguimiento de la situación de la democracia en más de doscientos países— una compilación de las respuestas estatales ante la pandemia y de su impacto en la vigencia de los estándares democráticos. Al respecto, se observa que a lo largo de la última década se ha visto un declive de la democracia, y aunque los efectos de la pandemia son todavía limitados, es de temerse que a largo plazo sus consecuencias sean peores que las que se perciben actualmente. Y dado que existe una evidente relación entre el carácter autocrático de los regímenes y la propensión a violentar los estándares democráticos con medidas exageradas o no consensuadas para combatir la pandemia, sería esperable un ahondamiento de la distancia entre países donde prevalece la democracia y en los que se dan formas autocráticas de ejercicio del poder.</p></div>
La Covid-19 y el vacío de la postpolítica. Hacia un Estado más allá de la nación
Authors: Valdés Ugalde Francisco 
Published: May 2021

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>¿Hay una esfera pública postnacional en formación? Este artículo responde a esta pregunta tomando como punto de observación la pandemia por la Covid-19 y la presión que induce en el orden global y en el Estado-nación. A partir de una descripción del uso errático y fragmentario del poder para el manejo de la pandemia se examina la transformación de la soberanía en la historia de Estado nacional, se replantea la situación de los derechos humanos y la “brecha de la justicia” en este proceso y se ofrece una apreciación de las probables alternativas que se </span>juegan en las tendencias globales del poder público en la postpandemia.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
High Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Developing Countries: Results From the International Diabetes Management Practices Study
Authors: Aschner Pablo , Gagliardino Juan José , Ilkova Hasan , Lavalle Fernando , Ramachandran Ambady , Mbanya Jean Claude , Shestakova Marina , Bourhis Yann , Chantelot Jean-Marc , Chan Juliana C.N. 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE
Depression is common in people with diabetes, but data from developing countries are scarce. We evaluated the prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes using data from the International Diabetes Management Practices Study (IDMPS).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
IDMPS is an ongoing multinational, cross-sectional study investigating quality of care in patients with diabetes in real-world settings. Data from wave 5 (2011), including 21 countries, were analyzed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to evaluate depressive symptoms. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors of depressive symptoms.

RESULTS
Of 9,865 patients eligible for analysis, 2,280 had type 1 and 7,585 had type 2 diabetes (treatment: oral glucose-lowering drugs [OGLD] only, n = 4,729; OGLDs plus insulin, n = 1,892; insulin only, n = 964). Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score ≥5) were reported in 30.7% of those with type 1 diabetes. In patients with type 2 diabetes, the respective figures were 29.0% for OGLDs-only, 36.6% for OGLDs-plus-insulin, and 46.7% for insulin-only subgroups. Moderate depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score 10–19) were observed in 8–16% of patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Female sex, complications, and low socioeconomic status were independently associated with depressive symptoms. In type 1 diabetes and in the type 2 diabetes OGLDs-only group, depression was associated with poor glycemic control.

CONCLUSIONS
Depressive symptoms are common in patients with diabetes from developing countries, calling for routine screening, especially in high-risk groups, to reduce the double burden of diabetes and depression and their negative interaction.
Associations of Diet Quality and All-Cause Mortality Across Levels of Cardiometabolic Health and Disease: A 7.6-Year Prospective Analysis From the Dutch Lifelines Cohort
Authors: Vinke Petra C. , Navis Gerjan , Kromhout Daan , Corpeleijn Eva 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE
To simultaneously investigate the association of diet quality and all-cause mortality in groups with varying cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) at baseline.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
From the population-based Lifelines cohort, 40,892 non-underweight participants aged ≥50 years with data on diet quality and confounding factors were included (enrollment 2006–2013). From food-frequency questionnaire data, tertiles of the Lifelines Diet Score were calculated (T1 = poorest, T3 = best diet quality). Four CMD categories were defined: 1) CMD free, 2) type 2 diabetes, 3) one cardiovascular disease (CVD), 4) two or more CMDs. Months when deaths occurred were obtained from municipal registries up until November 2019. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were applied for the total population and stratified by CMD categories.

RESULTS
After a median follow-up of 7.6 years, 1,438 participants died. Diet quality and CMD categories were independently associated with all-cause mortality in crude and adjusted models (P &lt; 0.001). A dose-response relationship of diet quality with all-cause mortality was observed in the total population (Ptrend &lt; 0.001, T2 vs. T3 = 1.22 [1.07–1.41], T1 vs. T3 = 1.57 [1.37–1.80]). In stratified analyses, the association was significant for CMD-free individuals (T1 vs. T3 = 1.63 [1.38–1.93]) and for patients with type 2 diabetes (1.87 [1.17–3.00]) but not for patients with one CVD (1.39 [0.93–2.08]) or multiple CMDs (1.19 [0.80–1.76]).

CONCLUSIONS
A high-quality diet can potentially lower all-cause mortality risk in the majority of the aging population. Its effect may be greatest for CMD-free individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes. Tailored dietary guidelines may be required for patients with extensive histories of CMDs.
Prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal relacionada con parto pretérmino y bajo peso al nacer. Hospital Mariana de Jesús
Authors: Bazurto María José , Luzardo Jurado Geoconda 
Published: May 2021

Introducción: la enfermedad periodontal es una infección multifactorial cuyo agente etiológico es la placa bacteriana, provocando indudablemente la liberación de células proinflamatorias que afectan otros sistemas. La asociación de la enfermedad periodontal con el bajo peso al nacer y el parto pretérmino se basa en que los mediadores de la inflamación podrían difundirse a la unidad fetoplacentaria, a través de la circulación sanguínea. Metodología: estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo, donde se examinaron 82 mujeres puérperas entre los 14 a 45 años que dieron a luz entre junio y agosto de 2017 en el hospital Mariana de Jesús, que cumplían con criterios de inclusión: mujeres puérperas que hayan tenido un parto prematuro y mujeres que den a luz a niños con bajo peso. Resultados: en relación a la prevalencia de la enfermedad periodontal se encontró que el 70,73% presentaron gingivitis, de las cuales tuvieron parto prematuro en un 68,29% y parto muy prematuro 31,71% y neonatos con bajo peso al nacer en un 40,24%, neonatos con muy bajo peso 12,20% y neonatos con extremadamente bajo peso 13,41%; demostrando así la íntima relación entre la enfermedad periodontal con el parto pretérmino y el bajo peso al nacer. Conclusión: en este estudio se demuestra que las mujeres con EP, específicamente gingivitis presentan un mayor porcentaje de partos prematuros/muy prematuros y neonatos con bajo peso, muy bajo peso y extremadamente bajo peso; lo cual tuvo prevalencia en mujeres jóvenes de entre 14-29 años que son las que tienen más riesgos; concluyendo que la enfermedad periodontal constituye un factor de riesgo para los PP y neonatos con BPN.
The Effect of Service Recovery Strategies on Satisfaction with the Recovery: The Mediating Role of Distributive Justice
Authors: Alhawbani Gamal S. , Ali Nadia A. M. , Hammouda Abdel-Nasser M. 
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to test the effect of the Service Recovery Strategies on the Satisfaction with the Recovery, as well as testing the effect of Service Recovery Strategies on Distributive Justice. The study also aimed to identify the effect of Distributive Justice on the Satisfaction with the Recovery, as well as the test of the mediation role of Distributive Justice in the relationship between Service Recovery Strategies and the Satisfaction with the Recovery.
The study was applied to a sample of (354) customers of the Internet companies in Egypt. Data analyzed using the SPSS program Data, as well as the AMOS program to test the quality of compatibility between data collected and theoretical data, and the Structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses of the study.
The results of the study showed that, there is a positive significant effect of some Service Recovery strategies and Distributive Justice on the Satisfaction with the Recovery. Also, there is a positive significant effect of some Service Recovery strategies on Distributive Justice. The study also found that the Distributive Justice mediated in the relationship between the Service Recovery Strategies and the Satisfaction with the Recovery. Based on these results was presented a set of recommendations, as well as suggest some future studies relevant to the subject of the study.
Occurrence of Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Helminth Ova on Dried Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) Sold in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Esonu D. O. , Kia G. S. N. , Evelyn O. , Mathias S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Cryptosporidium spp. and helminths are responsible for diarrhoal illness in humans and many other animals. The transmission routes of these parasites suggest a risk for human infection through contaminated foods. In order to determine the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and helminth ova on dried crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) sold in Zaria and Kaduna Central market, Kaduna State, 100 crayfish samples were examined using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique for Cryptosporidium oocyst and the flotation technique for helminth ova. The measurements of the oocysts from the positive samples were estimated by using a calibrated microscope eyepiece. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in dried crayfish was 20.0 % while the location-based prevalence was 43.3 %, 5.0 %, and 12.0 % for Sabo, Samaru and Kaduna central market, respectively. Micrometry revealed that the oocysts size ranged from 3.68 µm to 4.7 µm. Also, the prevalence of helminth ova in dried crayfish was 19 %, while the specific prevalence based on location showed a higher prevalence in Sabo (30.0 %) than in Kaduna central market (18.0 %) and Samaru (5.0 %). The helminth eggs recovered from this study included: Toxocara spp. (4.0 %), Ascaris spp. (7.0 %), Trichuris spp. (4.0 %), Schistosoma spp. (2.0 %), Ancylostoma spp. (1.0 %), and Capillaria spp. (1.0 %). The analysis of the questionnaires revealed that 71 (71.0 %) of the respondents ate uncooked cray-fish and 44.0 % used their bare hands to handle the cray-fish. There was no statistically significant association (P > 0.05) between the prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts or helminth ova and the locations sampled. This study has shown that dried crayfish obtained from markets within the study area were contaminated with parasite ova and oocysts, thus public enlightenment on the dangers of the consumption of raw or undercooked dried crayfish should be well publicized.
Spatial Distribution and Seroprevalence of Newcastle Disease in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Adanu W. A. , Umoh J. U. , Kabir J. , Kwaga J. K. P. , Otolorin G. R. , Olufemi O. O. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Newcastle disease is one of the greatest constraints to the development of poultry production in Nigeria. In this study, the spatial distribution of Newcastle disease antibodies was determined using the Geographic Information System. A total of 400 serum samples were collected from chickens in districts around Kaduna Metropolis and screened for Newcastle disease virus antibodies using the haemagglutination inhibition test done according to the procedure of OIE (2002). The spatial distribution demonstrated that the highest antibody titre level for Newcastle disease was closely associated with communities that were at entry points (Zaria— Kaduna road; Nnamdi Azikiwe bypass road; Television garage; Abuja—Kaduna expressway and Kachia road) to the metropolis and houses that are closely situated near live bird markets signifying the importance of bird movements in the spread of the disease. About 31 % (124 of 400) of chickens had antibodies to Newcastle disease virus, with exotics breeds (32.0 %) with more Newcastle disease virus antibodies than local breeds (29.8 %). The Newcastle disease prevalence was 33.9 % (39 out of 115), 31.8 % (41 out of 129) and 28.2 % (44 out of 156) for Kaduna North, Kaduna South and Chikun Local Government Areas (LGA), respectively. A Newcastle disease prevalence of 29.8 % (54 out of 181) was recorded in the local chickens, while 32.0 % (70 out of 219) was obtained from the exotic chickens.
Protected areas of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Authors: Wojdan Dariusz , Żeber-Dzikowska Ilona , Gworek Barbara , Mickiewicz Katarzyna , Chmielewski Jarosław 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship is one of the smallest provinces in Poland, but it clearly stands out with a very well-preserved natural environment. Because of exceptional features of animate and inanimate nature, large parts of the province are covered by various forms of nature protection. There is 1 national park (NP), 72 nature reserves (NRs), 9 landscape parks, 21 protected landscape areas and 40 Natura 2000 sites within the administrative borders of the province. The most unique natural features are found in the Świętokrzyski National Park (ŚNP), but the largest surface of the province is covered by protected landscape areas. Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship is the first in Poland in terms of the share of protected areas (as much as 65.2%), strongly outdistancing other Voivodeships. Small natural objects are much more numerous than large protected areas. At present, the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship has 705 natural monuments (NMs), 114 ecological sites (ESs), 20 documentation sites (DSs) and 17 nature and landscape complexes (NLCs). Moreover, new protected areas and sites may still be established within its borders.
The electricity production in Poland compared to selected European countries
Authors: Kargulewicz Iwona , Zasina Damian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The structure of fuels consumed for energy production and the amount of CO2 emissions associated with that production in Poland in 1990–2017 and in other selected European countries were presented. The countries to be compared were selected so that the analysed group was diverse in terms of electricity generation conditions. CO2 emission intensity from electricity production for Poland were estimated and compared with the average intensity for the EU and for the other selected European countries. Additionally, CO2 emission in the electricity and commercial heat production sector projected until 2040 was included to present the impact of the fuel mix on the emission results.
Browning’s and Serembe’s Love Poems
Authors: Gashi Syzana Kurtaj 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Browning’s and Serembe’s love poems will be analyzed in this research paper in order to illustrate how they reflected their efforts to present the idea of love in their poetry. In the ‘By the Fire-Side’, one of the major poems of Robert Browning during the thesaurus of the British Victorian period and Zef Serembe’s ‘Song for Longing’, considered by many to rank among the best love poems of Rilindja (Renaissance) poets in the nineteenth century Albania. The two poets, do not consider the idea of love in the abstract term. They include love by referring to the specific details, Browning, to his love relationship with a famous poetess Elizabeth Barrett, their elopement and union in Italy, and Serembe to his love for a girl from his native village, who immigrated to Brazil and subsequently died. In these poems, both poets explore the intimate atmosphere they tried to establish for their beloved women, by describing the places that witnessed the birth and growth of their love. ‘By the Fire-Side’ and ‘Song for Longing’ comprise a common element; they are personal love poems that describe their ideal love, personal feelings, and passion of their love. While Robert Browning in his poem writes about a peaceful and satisfied married life, full of sweet memories and images of his wife, Zef Serembe’s poem is a picture of his sentiment, primarily of solitude and disillusionment. The comparative and descriptive research methods have been helpful while conducting this research paper.
Political Communication, Creative Use of Media and the Process of EU Integration of North Macedonia
Authors: Bajrami Demush , Xhemaili Albrie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The human history relates to the history of communication, which has also been a co-driver of human development. Communication integrates the knowledge, organization and power of a society.
Today, there is an increasing debate over the importance of politicians' mutual communication, communication with voters and the media, the role of public relations in politics, and communication with the civil society. Thus, political communication and the creative use of the media remain the essential component of any individual involved in politics or even of a political group.
In this study, political communication in North Macedonia is presented in the context of political efforts into the integration process in European Union (EU), by observing all the stages within the process so far. From the content and the issues addressed, it is clear that policymakers face the challenges of communication (as is the case in many countries aspiring the European integration).
In this paper, the premises of genuinely political communication strategy are analyzed separately, assessing them in the context of the political communication theory. It will be shown that successful communication is an important tool for convincing citizens that EU provides a better quality of life and work.