bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Розпізнавання математичних формул на базі даних CROHME.
Authors: Дяконюк Л. М. , Мудрик А. С. , Корольчук Я. А. , Кондор М. І. 
Published: July 2021

У наш час найбільш точні моделі для розпізнавання об’єктів базуються на двоступеневому підході, популяризованому як R-CNN. На відміну від них, одноступеневі моделі, що застосовуються під час регулярного, детального відбору зразків, можуть бути швидшими та простішими, але вони не досягають точності двоступеневих моделей. Проте з новою функцією втрат, дисбаланс класу, який виникає під час тренування на наборі даних, зникає. Саме тому одноступенева модель має переваги в продуктивності та точності на відміну від двоступеневої. У роботі використано цей дисбаланс класів, щоб переформувати стандартні, перехресні ентропійні втрати таким чином, щоб зменшити їх. В архітектурі RetinaNet[1], функція втрат Focal Loss[1] сфокусовує навчання на наборі даних, які зустрічаються рідше, і запобігає перевантаженню моделі під час тренувань. Архітектура RetinaNet була протестована на наборі даних CROHME[4], що був розширений за допомогою алгоритму Data Augmentation[9] для збільшення частоти входження певних елементів формул. Також було порівняно дві бібліотеки машинного навчання: TensorFlow та Torch. Отримані результати показують, що коли модель тренується з фокальною втратою, RetinaNet показує дуже добрі результати та має хорошу швидкість виконання. Окрім того, отриману модель було інтегровано в веб-застосунок на основі мікросервісної архітектури. Основними веб-фреймворками було використано NodeJs для серверної частини та VueJs для рівня подання. Для роботи з базами даних ми використовуємо MongoDB. Розгортання програми відбувається за допомогою хмарної служби AWS на основі Lambda-функцій, що дає змогу виокремити процеси навчання, обробки, візуалізації та контролювати ресурси серверу окремо для кожного процесу.
Hypothyroidism and Pregnancy outcome
Authors: Alsharu Emad , Nussair Bassam , Marabha Jameel , Hindawi Ala 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes among ladies treated for hypothyroidism in pregnancy at antenatal clinics of King Hussein Medical Centre.

METHODS: This study was conducted at antenatal clinics of King Hussein medical center during the period from April 2018 to April 2020. We studied 200 pregnant women with hypothyroidism as a study group (group I) who were compared to 200 euthyroid pregnant women as a control group (group II).

RESULTS:
The incidence of obstetric complications in group I vs group II found to be as the followings:
Pre-eclampsia 12%(24) vs 9%(18), miscarriage 10%(20) vs 4%(8), while preterm labor was 20%(40) vs 22%(44), the antepartum hemorrhage 5%(10) vs 4%(8), Post-partum hemorrhage 7%(14) vs 5%(10) respectively.

There were no significant statistical differences in these outcomes in both groups and
preterm labor pain was the most frequent pregnancy complication encountered (20% vs, 22 %)

CONCLUSION:
Proper treatment of hypothyroid patients before pregnancy and throughout pregnancy would probably eliminate the potential risk of developing maternal and fetal complications, treated hypothyroid patients hold no significant differences in pregnancy-related complications once compared to euthyroid women.

Keywords: Hypothyroidism, Pregnancy, Outcome
CHITOSAN AGAINST TO BORON TOXICITY IN MAIZE
Authors: Kohnhehshahri Sakineh Mohammadi , Demir Yavuz 
Published: July 2021

In this study; growth, chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline and MDA contents, the amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (superoxide (O2.-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)), and antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) activities and its isoenzyme profiles, (ascorbate (AsA), dehydro ascorbate (DHA) and glutathione (GSH)) quantities in maize plants ((Zea mays L. cv. Hido) exposed to boron toxicity (B) (8 mM B(OH)3) and B+chitosan (0.01%, foliar (A) and seed soaking (B) applications) conditions in hydroponic culture have been studied comparatively. Boron toxicity significantly reduced growth parameters, chlorophyll, carotenoid, AsA, DHA and CAT activity while increased proline, MDA, oxidants (O2.- and H2O2), SOD, POD, APX and GR activities and GSH levels. B+Chitosan A and B applications significantly reversed the B toxicity-based inhibition in these parameters. It has been suggested that chitosan can be used as a reliable chemical for boron toxicity in maize, since chitosan applications (A and B) cause improvements in terms of all the parameters in the damage caused by B toxicty.
A postcolonial feminist dystopia: Margaret Atwood’sThe Handmaid’s Tale
Authors: Briedik Adam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPostcolonial criticism offers a radically new platform for the interpretation of science fiction texts. Mostly preoccupied with the themes of alien other and interstellar colonization, the genre of sci-fi breaths with colonial discourse and postcolonial tropes and imagery. Although Margaret Atwood rejects the label of science fiction writer, her dystopian novelThe Handmaid’s Tale(1985) explores similar ethical concerns to the anti-conquest narratives of postcolonial authors. Atwood’s identification of Canadian identity as a victim of the former British Empire is challenged by her introduction of a female character rejecting their postcolonial subjugated identity in a patriarchal society. Her variation on dystopian concerns is motivated by sexuality, and her characters are reduced to objects of colonial desire with no agency. The protagonist, Offred, endures double colonization from the feminist perspective; yet, in terms of postcolonial criticism, Attwood’s character of Offred is allowed to reconstruct her subaltern identity through her fragmented narration of the past and speak in an authoritative voice. The orality of her narration only confirms the predisposition of the text to interpretation in the same terms as postcolonial fiction.
The Effect of Different Substrate on the Morphological Characteristics of Hungarian Tagetes Patula Cultivars
Authors: Ördögh Máté 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The aim of this trial was to find the optimal substrate (sand, peat and 1:1 mixture of them) for germination and growing of Tagetes patula ‘Robuszta Kénsárga’, ‘Vénusz’ and ‘Tigris’, with the use of 40 seeds according to substrates and cultivars in nine groups. Germination and survival ratio, plant height, root length, flower number and –diameter were examined. Almost all seeds germinated successfully, and the highest surviving was around 80% in case of peat + sand, and the lowest (50%) when plants grown in pure sand. The latter substrate resulted the longest roots (especially in the groups of ‘Tigris’) and all cultivars (particularly ‘Vénusz’) reached the lowest height with the use of this soil. On the other hand, peat effected the shortest roots, tallest specimens, most flowers of every cultivars. In case of flower number, there were significant differences between ‘Tigris’ (with averagely 58-70 flowers) and the other two types (23-39 flowers), irrespectively of the substrates. ‘Vénusz’ developed the smallest flower heads (maximum 3.5 cm) in all cases; the other cultivars produced at least 4 cm inflorescences. The lowest plant values experienced with the use of sand and the best results on peat.
Inclusion Complex of Gedunin-2-Hydroxypropyl-Β-Cyclodextrin Prepared by Kneading and Freeze-Drying Methods: Synthesis and Structural Characterization
Authors: Ologe Mary Olufunmilayo , Tella Adedibu Clement , Atolani Olubunmi , Adegoke Olajire Aremu , Ademowo Olusegun George 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The potential application of gedunin, a pharmacologically active limonoid, is limited in medicine because it has poor aqueous solubility. This study was aimed at preparation and characterization of an inclusion complex of gedunin and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HBD) to increase the solubility in aqueous solvents and thus enhance the possibility of pharmaceutical formulation and oral administration of gedunin. Inclusion complex of gedunin isolated from Entandrophragma angolense heartwood with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HBD) was prepared using freeze-drying and kneading methods. The gedunin-2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex (GCD) was characterized using elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Elemental analysis indicated that gedunin and HBD formed 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex. Results of FT-IR indicated that gedunin was stabilized in HBD cavity by intra-molecular hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. 1H-NMR revealed that the entire gedunin molecule was not trapped into the core of the HBD. Nevertheless, the fraction trapped may be sufficient to enhance the apparent solubility of gedunin. XRD results showed the formation of new solid crystalline phase. The results obtained by different characterization techniques clearly indicated that both kneading and freeze-drying methods led to inclusion complex formation which may enhance oral administration of gedunin.
Fabrication and Characterization of Zr Microplasma Sprayed Coatings for Medical Applications
Authors: Voinarovych Sergii G. , Alontseva Darya L. , Kyslytsia Oleksandr N. , Kaliuzhnyi Sergii , Khozhanov Alexandr R. , Krasavin Alexander , Kolesnikova Tatyana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper presents new results of studying the influence of parameters of microplasma spraying (MPS) of Zr wire on the structure of Zr coatings. The coating experiments were accomplished in a two level fractional factorial design. Individual particles of sprayed Zr wire and their splats on the substrate were collected under various spraying parameters (amperage, spraying distance, plasma gas flow rate and wire flow rate) and evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to establish the effect of particle size and shape on the coating microstructure. The particles were characterized by measurement of their sizes and the obtained results were evaluated in terms of their degree of melting. This was compared with the experimentally observed coating microstructure type and finally correlated to the investigated coating porosity to select the specific MPS parameters of Zr coatings depositing onto medical implants from Ti alloy. It was found that the main parameters influencing the size of the sprayed Zr particles and the porosity of the Zr coatings are the plasma gas flow rate and amperage. It was demonstrated that it is possible to control the porosity of Zr microplasma coatings in the range from 2.8% to 20.3% by changing the parameters of the MPS. The parameters of microplasma spraying of Zr wire were established to obtain medical implant coatings with porosity up to 20.3% and pore size up to 300 μm.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Nela Stavar Angelica , Mihaela Sava Alexandra , Tatiana Adam , Liviu Craciun Relu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma is essential to provide effective therapy to high-risk patients, including patients with viral cirrhosis (eg HBV, HCV), haemochromatosis, alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency or alcohol users.
Material and method: The group of patients studied was represented by patients from the records of the Medical Clinic I of the Clinical Hospital “Saint Andrew the Apostle” Constanța for a period of 3 years (2017-2019). We included 82 patients aged between 32 and 82 years (60.22 ± 10.66 years) of which 55 were male and 27 were female.
Results: Out of a total of 82 patients, 74 (90.25%) had cirrhosis (CH) and a number of 8 patients (9.75%) had chronic hepatitis without cirrhosis. Child-Pugh stage B had the highest prevalence among patients with hepatic cirrhosis. The etiological factor was hepatitis C virus infection 46 patients (56.1%), followed by hepatitis B virus infection 23 patients (28.05%), 4 patients (4.87%) had double hepatitis virus infection ( HBV + HCV), and 9 patients (10.98%) had a mixed viral and ethanolic etiology. Most of the lesions were located in the right hepatic lobe 58 patients (70.74%), respectively right + left hepatic lobe 22 patients (26.83%) and in 2 patients (2.44%) there were no visualized liver nodules. All patients had parenchymal fibrosis.
Conclusions: It is recommended to screen patients with chronic liver disease to assess the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma, initially by liver ultrasound that can accurately detect and locate suspected nodules later the definite diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma is confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Subcoracoid Impingement – A Global View
Authors: Barbu Simina-Georgiana , Nicoara Alina Doina , Alistar Daniela Elena , Badea I.A , Mihai Bojinca 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Modifications in joint anatomy on both soft and bony tissue level play a key role in subcoracoid impingement syndrome. The diagnostic is primarily clinical and is based on patient history and functional tests. Imaging tests support, but do not establish the diagnostic. Approach can take the form of targeted exercises with progressive load, or that of invasive surgery.
Shoulder pain has a diverse etiology which derives from the complex local anatomy which includes the clavicle, acromion, coracoid process and humeral head, the soft tissues surrounding this area, in particular the rotator cuff, but can also be unrelated to all of the above and be a reflection of a pathology located in the neck, arm or trunk, or adjacent visceral organs. More often, it is the manifestation of a traumatic episode or an anatomical anomaly, or it can be secondary to inflammation, tumors, or surgery.
It is the third most common musculoskeletal complaint presenting to physiotherapy, and largely impacts both an individual’s quality of life and the public health system.
Coracoid impingement syndrome can present itself as a cause of rotator cuff disease, but its role is not fully established yet. It is less prevalent than subacromial impingement, can coexist with it, and therefore should be considered into the differential diagnosis of anterior shoulder pain when a patient presents themselves with activity related anterior shoulder pain.
Correlations between Biochemical Markers in Thyroid Pathology with those in Carbohydrates Metabolism
Authors: Mihaela Voiculescu Anne-Lise , Andreea Anghel , Leonard Gurgas , Lucian Petcu , Natalia Rosoiu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction is increasingly found in patients with diabetes. Diabetes can affect thyroid function to a variable extent and unrecognized thyroid dysfunction, not only worsens metabolic control, but also prevents the management of diabetes. The aim of this study was to screen the incidence of thyroid disease in Constanta County, Romania in patients diagnosed with type II diabetes, in order to assess the tendency to associate thyroid hormone dysfunction with the diabetic process by correlating glycemic parameters and thyroid profile in serum. The study included a number of 153 patients who presented within 3 months for blood tests, in compliance with GDPR rules. The following parameters were processed from these patients: FT3 - free triiodothyronine, FT4 - free thyroxine, TSH - thyroid stimulating hormone, Anti-TPO - thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-thyroid peroxidase), Serum glucose, Glycosylated haemoglobin - HbA1C. In patients of both sexes studied, the mean TSH was 3.15 IU / ml, males’ TSH mean being 2.82 IU / ml and higher, but not above the maximum limit. Blood glucose ranged from an average of 92.11 mg / dl in the 153 patients, 92.41 mg / dl in male patients and 93.82 mg / dl in female patients. Glycated haemoglobin (%) ranged from 6.79% in female patients to 6.21% in male patients, with a mean of 6.5%.
Pathology derived from disorders of carbohydrate metabolism may be present in patients with thyroid changes.
Remote-sensing technology in mapping socio-economic divergence of Europe
Authors: Mikhaylov Andrey , Mikhaylova Anna , Alsynbaev Kamil , Bryksin Vitaliy , Hvaley Dmitry 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Marine and ocean coasts traditionally act as natural growth poles for humankind. Recent studies conducted by scholars from both natural and social sciences suggest that coastal zones accumulate population, agglomerate industries, attract entrepreneurs, and pull investments. The coastalisation effect remains one of the defining factors of regional development around the globe and is projected to strengthen over the next quarter century. Deepening socio-economic inequality and polarisation between countries and regions despite efforts taken with convergence policies put the “marine factor” on the research agenda. The study contains a comparative evaluation of coastalisation processes across the regions of Europe using remote-sensing technology and statistical multivariate analysis for testing the correlation level of results. The research is based on a dataset for 413 regions of Europe featuring indicators for population density and Gross Regional Product (GRP) in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) per sq. km. The regions are grouped into clusters depending on their socio-economic indicators and the intensity of nocturnal illumination. The results suggest that coastal and inland region types evenly distribute between clusters, with an average of 40% coastal. Observations of nocturnal illumination clearly indicate an extensive anthropogenic impact on European coasts, both northern and southern. However, their overall luminosity is inferior to inland territories. The study concludes with four patterns derived from a combined methodology of socio-economic indicators and remote-sensing of night-time lighting.
Some Properties Related to Reduct of Consistent Decision Systems
Authors: Giang Nguyen Long , Janos Demetrovics , Thi Vu Duc , Khoa Phan Dang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Reduct of decision systems is the topic that has been attracting the interest of many researchers in data mining and machine learning for more than two decades. So far, many algorithms for finding reduct of decision systems by rough set theory have been proposed. However, most of the proposed algorithms are heuristic algorithms that find one reduct with the best classification quality. The complete study of properties of reduct of decision systems is limited. In this paper, we discover equivalence properties of reduct of consistent decision systems related to a Sperner-system. As the result, the study of the family of reducts in a consistent decision system is the study of Sperner-systems.
Fuzzy-Logic Based Active Queue Management Using Performance Metrics Mapping into Multi-Congestion Indicators
Authors: Abualhaj Mosleh M. , Al-Tahrawi Mayy M. , Hussein Abdelrahman H. , Al-Khatib Sumaya N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe congestion problem at the router buffer leads to serious consequences on network performance. Active Queue Management (AQM) has been developed to react to any possible congestion at the router buffer at an early stage. The limitation of the existing fuzzy-based AQM is the utilization of indicators that do not address all the performance criteria and quality of services required. In this paper, a new method for active queue management is proposed based on using the fuzzy logic and multiple performance indicators that are extracted from the network performance metrics. These indicators are queue length, delta queue and expected loss. The simulation of the proposed method show that in high traffic load, the proposed method preserves packet loss, drop packet only when it is necessary and produce a satisfactory delay that outperformed the state-of-the-art AQM methods.
Role of Clustering, Routing Protocols, MAC protocols and Load Balancing in Wireless Sensor Networks: An Energy-Efficiency Perspective
Authors: Munusamy Nagarajan , Vijayan Sneha , Ezhilarasi M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWireless networks play an important role in science, including medicine, agriculture, the military, geography, and so on. The main issue with a network of wireless sensors is how to manage resource utilization to extend its lifetime. This paper investigates the various aspects of increased energy usage that may improve network life. Variables related to energy consumption and various performance metrics are investigated in terms of energy efficiency. To investigate how the network’s energy usage can be managed, a quick overview of clustering protocols, routing protocols, MAC protocols, and load balancing protocols is conducted. This paper can provide researchers with an idea of the various parameters that influence energy consumption and what methodologies could be adapted by each parameter to conserve energy, thereby extending the network’s lifetime.
Using X-ray diffraction in characterization of bone remodeling and nanocomposites in ovariectomized rats osteopenia model
Authors: Kostyshyn Nazar , Gzhegotskyi Mechyslav , Kostyshyn Liubov , Yarova Oksana , Kulyk Yuriy , Mudry Stepan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sedentary lifestyle and physiological menopause are among the risk factors of osteopenia, especially in elderly people. However, bone mineral density decrease can also be observed in young individuals, for instance, due to deficiency of female sex hormones after surgical interventions, particularly ovariectomy. Our research enabled us to assess the efficacy of whole-body vibration in preventing the loss of bone mineral density in the ovariectomy rat osteopenia model. Thus, whole-body vibration with acceleration level 0.3 g and frequency 50 Hz was used on young female rats, which had been subjected to ovariectomy (n = 18). It had been conducted for 24 weeks, exposure time – 30 minutes per day, 5 times a week. Assessment of mineral component loss of the tibia was performed by means of X-ray diffraction. Bone remodeling was assessed by determining hormones: parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, Ca and P in the blood. X-ray diffraction is an effective method, which enables the evaluation a nanocomposites structure of the bone tissue in the experiment. In the article, we applied this method to determine the loss of bone mineral mass after ovariectomy and the impact of whole-body vibration under such conditions. In the ovariectomy group, the volume of a mineral component significantly decreased starting already from the 16th week (р<0.05) versus control. However, in the group with ovariectomy + whole-body vibration, the loss of a mineral component was insignificant during 8-16 weeks of the investigation, compared with the control group. On the 24th day, the spectrums almost did not differ from ovariectomized rats group. Meanwhile, hormone levels changed in ovariectomized rats group. It should be emphasized that the aforementioned whole-body vibration parameters do not cause severe bone damage or further negative consequences.