bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image Watermarking Approach Using LSB and Laplacian Filter
Authors: Imran N , Hameed S , Hafeez Z , Faheem Z , Waseem M , Latif U , Amin M S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With the growth of information technologies, E-industry safety has recently become the mutual attention of education and business firms. Digital image watermarking is a technique that refers to the security of multimedia data. It is a process referred to the security and authentication of a digital image, video, and audio by embedding a watermark. Watermarking technique applies a number of variable editions to the host content, where the addition is related to embed information. In the past, researchers develop multiple simple watermarking techniques, today race is to find a region where the watermark is imperceptible and have a high payload. In this paper, an invisible image watermarking technique based on the least significant bit (LSB) and laplacian filter is proposed. The original image is divided into blocks and the laplacian filter is applied on each block. Laplacian is a derivative filter that uses the second derivate to find out the area of rapid changes in the image and the least significant bit is a technique to embed a watermark into the bit positions. Watermark is embedded on these regions which is favourable in achieving high desirable properties. This technique shows strong robustness against image processing and geometrical attacks. In evaluation with state of art methods, the proposed technique shows satisfactory progress.
Eliciting User Requirement for Flood Monitoring Application
Authors: Mohamed S E , Ismail N A , Mukthar A , Hafiz M S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Flood disaster is the most disastrous hydrological event that can lead to property destruction and loss of lives. One of the efforts to mitigate the impact is by providing an advance technology in monitoring and event alert. The flood monitoring application is developed to provide real-time weather forecast and disaster warnings. To increase disaster management efficiency, we conducted this research to identify the needs and requirements for a flood monitoring application. The study is mainly focusing on user perspective and preferences. The participant of this survey includes the authorities, non-government agency (NGO) and public. The participant is given a set of questionnaires containing thirteen questions, including the combination of open-ended and close-ended questions covering three sub-topics: user background, user experience, and user knowledge. List of important flood monitoring application features based on user requirements analysis and empathy map has been used to visualize user attitudes and behaviours.
A Modified Cuckoo Search Algorithm and Its Applications in Function Optimization
Authors: Ye Shao Qiang , Wang Fang Ling , Zhou Kai Qing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A modified Cuckoo search algorithm (MCS) is proposed in this paper to improve the accuracy of the algorithm’s convergence by implementing random operators and adapt the adjustment mechanism of the Levy Flight search step length. Comparative experiments reveal that MCS can effectively adjust the search mechanism in the high-dimensional function optimization and converge to the optimal global value.
TSP Solving Utilizing Improved Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Yao Xuan-Shi , Ou Yun , Zhou Kai-Qing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To solve the premature issue of TSP solving using the ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO), this paper proposes an improved ACO using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to solve the classic traveling salesman problem (TSP). The algorithm’s strategy includes three stages: firstly, establishing a mathematical model according to the optimization objective, and then solving the optimal path obtained by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Finally, the pheromone concentration of this path in the ant colony mathematical model is enhanced according to the particle swarm optimization algorithm’s optimal path. A classic TSP case is used to compare the PSO and ACO. The results show that the proposed improved algorithm has a faster convergence speed and can converge to the optimal global solution, and its performance is better than that of ACO and PSO.
Defining-Measuring-Analysing-Improving-Controlling (DMAIC): Process and Improve Stability in Carbon Steel Industry
Authors: Ishak M S , Jusoh M S , Rosli A G M , Yusuf D H M , Ismail M S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Phosphating is most common method for surface treatment and finishing of ferrous and nonferrous metal. It has excellent corrosion resistance, wear resistance, adhesion and lubricating properties besides its economic values and speed of application. Steel is one of the cheapest materials used in various industries and it requires corrosion resistance therapy. This study aims to provide possible solution to the rusty issue on carbon steel product by improving coating stability using Defining–Measuring–Analysing–Improving–Controlling (DMAIC) method. The result proposed that zinc phosphate coating material has to replace current iron phosphate coating due to the former is more corrosion time resistant than that of the latter.
The Sound Absorption Coefficient of Railway Concrete Sleepers Containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) As a Cement Replacement Material
Authors: Sulaiman Nurfarhanna Ahmad , Adnan Suraya Hani , Izaan Abdul Hadi , Osman Mohamad Hairi , Ahmad Jeni Mohamad Luthfi , Wan Jusoh Wan Amizah , Jamellodin Zalipah , Abdul Hamid Noor Azlina , Salleh Norhafizah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Major noise and vibration during train operation can cause disturbance to the surrounding. One of the methods to reduce this disturbance are by installing concrete sleepers. The use of railway concrete sleepers may be a high potential to reduce the noise and vibration. To produce concrete sleepers cement usage will be used with greater volume. Approximately 100 million tons of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) was disposed to the landfill currently. POFA contains high silica content and porous particles which indicated its pozzolanic properties and sound absorption characteristics. Therefore, this study was to determine the sound absorption coefficient of railway concrete sleepers containing POFA as a cement replacement material. Concrete sleepers with a strength grade of 55 and a w/c ratio of 0.35 were prepared in this study. Three design mixes with 0% (control), 20%, and 40% of POFA tested by using an impedance tube test at 28 days of curing age. The results show, the sound absorption coefficient and noise reduction coefficient increases as the percentage of POFA increases. The best performance was obtained by concrete sleepers containing 40% of POFA, with a recorded sound absorption coefficient of 0.10 for low frequency and 0.44 for high frequency. Meanwhile, the noise reduction coefficient recorded was 0.33, which reduce 32% of noise compared to OPC.
Abaqus Simulation on Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer Epoxy Tube Subjected to Axial Compression for Energy Absorption
Authors: Sivakumar Vinu , Mattioni Martin , Chouw Nawawi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In practical application, fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) technology is implemented as the outer jackets in structural elements such as column, beam and in automobile engineering as light weight components in the head liners of car, brake pads and energy. In civil engineering FRP is mainly used in the retrofitting technique against corrosion, in columns, piles and poles. The research aims to provide a recyclable, natural, low-cost energy absorption material capable of increasing the load bearing capacity of the structure by increasing the fabric layer. The study focuses on the finite element analysis (FEM) of the energy absorption characteristics of basalt fibre reinforced polymer epoxy tube (BFRPE) subjected to axial compression with varying BFRPE layers. The results also discuss the failure modes of the specimens using abaqus. Parameters such as the energy absorption, crush force efficiency (CFE) are discussed. Energy absorption is defined as the area under the load displacement and CFE is defined as the ratio of the mean load to that of the initial peak force. The test results indicate that as the number of layers increases the ultimate load and CFE of the tube also increases. Compared to flax fibre reinforced polymer the thickness of the basalt fibre is very less with better energy absorption.
Crystal Structure and Thermal Behaviour of Calcium Monosilicate Derived from Calcined Chicken Eggshell and Rice Husk Ash
Authors: Jakfar Nur Hazlinda , Fhan Khor Shing , Johar Banjuraizah , Shima Adzali Nur Maizatul , Mohd. Yunus Siti Nur Hazwani , Meng Cheng Ee 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on the synthesis of synthetic calcium monosilicate ceramic from chicken eggshells and rice husks waste through the mechanochemical route that relatively straightforward without adding any binders. Synthetic calcium monosilicate was mixed using a 1:1 ratio of calcined eggshell and rice husk ash, which both materials known as rich in calcium oxide and silica sources, respectively. The mixed powder was pressed using uniaxial pressing before fired at 1100°C, 1150°C, 1200°C, 1250°C, and 1300°C for 120 minutes with a heating rate of 5°C/min. The XRD spectrum from 1100°C to 1200°C mainly consists of pseudowollastonite (ICSD: 98-005-2576), wollastonite and silicon dioxide phases. However, as the sintering temperature increases, the wollastonite phases was completely transformed into pseudowollastonite, leaving some unreacted silica.
Design and Development of Smartphone Application Control
Authors: Mohd Yusof Siti Malihah , Yusof Munirah Mohd , Hafit Hanayanti 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Smartphone Application Control is a project designed to block other phone applications that have excessive use by users. Excessive phone use is often experienced by children aged 7-18 years old. At the same time, many parents nowadays do not have time all day long to monitor and limit the use of their children’s phone due to work. The efforts of the mass media to advise on the use of phone do not give much positive impact on these children. Therefore, a robust alternative such as Smartphone Application Control is essential to curb these issues. To develop this application, a methodological approach has been used namely the Evolutionary Prototyping model. Android Studio version 3.6.2 is used to develop this application while SQLite Database acts as a database for storing all application usage statistics and Google-Cloud Firebase is used to store user-related information for user authentication purposes. To create an attractive user interface, Adobe Photoshop CS6 is used to design background and interface buttons. This app is able to track usage hours of other apps and block them if they exceed their daily usage limits. The time limit for such use can only be set by parents. Additionally, notification of excess usage will be sent to parents via email as a notification. A pop-up alert notification will be issued when user has reached his or her application limit. Smartphone Application Control is very important in helping user to control their phone usage behaviour.
Smart Irrigation System for Urban Gardening using Logistic Regression algorithm and Raspberry Pi
Authors: Aminuddin R , Sahrom A S , Halim M H A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
People have shown an increasing interest in urban gardening. Irrigation is one of the common methods used to take care of the plant growth. However, the proper irrigation timing of plant is much unclear for most people. Moreover, the manual irrigation is impossible when people do not have physical access to the plant in a long period of time. Hence, a smart irrigation system using Raspberry Pi has been proposed to ease the irrigation. In this system, three different sensors, including moisture, humidity and temperature sensors are installed in the soil of the plant. The collected data from the sensors will be used to predict whether the plant need to be watered or not. This system implements a machine-learning algorithm called Binary Logistic Regression using Python library to test the accuracy of the system. The accuracy of the algorithm to predict the irrigation is 82%. The finding from this study is believed to be helpful as it may contribute to the development of better irrigation system.
A Review of Simulation and Application of Agent-Based Model Approaches
Authors: Sie Chiew L , Shahabuddin A , Zainab M Y 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the past, various traditional methods used experiments and statistical data to examine and solve the occurred problem and social-environmental issue. However, the traditional method is not suitable for expressing or solving the complex dynamics of human environmental crisis (such as the spread of diseases, natural disaster management, social problems, etc.). Therefore, the implementation of computational modelling methods such as Agent-Based Models (ABM) has become an effective technology for solving complex problems arising from the interpretation of human behaviour such as human society, environment, and biological systems. Overall, this article will outline the ABM model properties and its applications in the criminology, flood management, and the COVID-19 pandemic fields. In addition, this article will review the limitations that occurred to be overcome in the further development of the ABM model.
Phase Analysis of Bio-Based Derived Tricalcium Disilicate From 2CaO:1SiO2 By X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Yunus Siti Nur Hazwani , Fhan Khor Shing , Johar Banjuraizah , Adzali Nur Maizatul Shima , Jakfar Nur Hazlinda , Meng Cheng Ee 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, tricalcium disilicate was formed from dicalcium silicate compound powder, synthesised via a mechanochemical technique using a stoichiometric 2CaO:1SiO2. Compound CaO and SiO2 were derived from the bio-waste of eggshell and rice husk at the calcination temperature of 900°C and 800°C, respectively. The dicalcium disilicate powder was sintered for 2 hours at different temperatures ranging from 1150°C to 1350°C. Using X-ray diffraction with Rietveld analysis, it was found that the amount of tricalcium disilicate with monoclinic (beta) crystal structure increases on sintering temperature at the expense of dicalcium silicate. The complete formation of single-phase tricalcium disilicate began at a sintering temperature of 1300°C. The effect of sintering temperatures on the crystallisation and phase transition of dicalcium silicate is reported. The size of crystallites depends on the sintering temperature. The finding of this study rebound to the benefit of society by reducing the risk-off pollution cause by accessive redundant bio-waste eggshell and rice husk and also reduced the amount of CaO and SiO2 used in the fabrication of Ca3Si2O7.
Determination of Silicon Electrical Properties Using First Principles Approach
Authors: Hashim Uda , Adam Tijjani , Afnan Uda M N , Uda M N A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Silicon nanowires have attracted attention as basis for reconfigurable electronics. However, as the size decreases, the electronic properties of the nanowires vary as a result of confinement, strain and crystal topology effects. Thus, at the thin diameter regime the band gap of Silicon nanowires can no longer be derived from a simple extrapolation of the isotropic bulk behaviour. This study compares band gap parameters in sub 10nm nanowires obtained from first-principles density-functional band structure calculations with extrapolations using continuum theory in order to rationalize the changes of the overall conductance, resistance and band gap. The device consists of silicon nanowire of size between 1 nm to 6nm. The results indicate an increase of, both the energy gap and the resistance along with reduced conductivity for the thinnest wires and a dependence on the crystal orientation with gaps reaching up to 4.3 eV along <111>, 4.0 eV along <110>, and 3.7 along <100>.
Capillary Driven Muilti Channels Microfluidic
Authors: Hashim Uda , Adam Tijjani , Ehfaed Nuri A.KH. , Afnan Uda M N , Uda M N A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper present design and fabrication of capillary driven muilti channels microfluidic. AutoCAD assisted layout design was conducted and fabricated based on cold photolithography process with precise geometry for capillary flow. The design was bonded with glass to test the flow and bonding integrity. The device was tested for flow and it was found the uniform capillary flow was established with strong bonding energy.
Analysis on the barrier properties of thin film PLA/PBAT reinforced with microcrystalline cellulose
Authors: Mhd Ramle Sitti Fatimah , Rahim Aqilah Abdul , Jusoh Nur Hafizzah , Rawi Nurul Fazita Mohammad , Alam Che Ku Abdullah Che Ku 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn recent times, awareness on plastic pollution had increase which brings innovation on new productions to be environmental friendly. Various polymers has been used to analyse the suitability to produce thin films. In this study, Poly lactic acid (PLA) and Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) reinforced with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were investigated. MCC were produced from selected bamboo for obtaining cellulose, then followed by an acidic hydrolysis process for the processing of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). In this study, the thin film are focusing on the barrier properties such as water absorption, solvent resistance and absorption test. From the results shows that, the lowest rate of water absorption rate is 1.9% by 1% B-MCC/PLA/PBAT, meanwhile, the highest rate of water absorption is 60.1% by 5% C-MCC/PLA/PBAT. The water absorption rate decrease gradually with the decreasing of amount of MCC in the samples. Lastly, the thin film samples can resist with oleic acid solvents as the condition of thin film samples is still remain but they were not resistance with xylene as the thin film samples were shrinked and degraded. This thin film have a potential to replace the non-biodegradable petrochemical polymer based on their properties such as food contact, availability and cost.
Explorations of A Real-Time VR Emotion Prediction System Using Wearable Brain-Computer Interfacing
Authors: Suhaimi Nazmi Sofian , Mountstephens James , Teo Jason 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe following research describes the potential of using a four-class emotion classification using a four-channel wearable EEG headset combined with VR for evoking emotions from each individual. Multiple researchers have conducted and established emotion recognition by using a 2-D monitor screen for stimulus responses but this introduces artifacts such as the lack of concentration on-screen or external noise disturbance and the bulky and cumbersome wires on an EEG device were difficult and time-consuming to set up thus restricting to only the trained professionals to operate this complex and sensitive medical equipment. Therefore, using a small and portable EEG headset where it was accessible for consumers was used for the brainwave signal collection. The wearable EEG headset collects the brainwave samples at 256Hz at specific locations of the brain (Tp9, Tp10, AF7, AF8) and samples were transformed via FFT to obtain the five bands (Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, Gamma) and were classified using random forest classifier. An emotion prediction system was then developed and the trained model was used to benchmark the 4-class emotion prediction accuracy from each individual using a 4-channel low-cost EEG headset. Subsequently, a real-time prediction system was implemented and tested. Early findings showed that it could achieve predictions as high as 76.50% for intra-subject classification results.
Preliminary Study on Different Materials of Geogrid by using Finite Element Model
Authors: Atil Aida Atiqah , Mat Hassan Nik Normunira , Yusop Fatimah Mohamed , M. Rus Anika Zafiah , Leman Abdul Mutalib , Marsi Noraini , Samiran Nor Afzanizam 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In recent years, environmental concerns related to the overexploitation of natural resources and the need to manage large amounts of wastes arising from construction activities have intensified. This paper presents a preliminary study carried out to characterize the interaction impact with different material geogrids (a polyester (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polyurethane (PU) geogrid through Finite Element Model (FEM) simulation. The effects of the geogrid specimen size, displacement rate by the pressure through the geogrids are evaluated. The results show that the measured peak pullout resistance of the geogrid increases with the specimen size imposed displacement rate The pressure ranged from 10 000 N/m2 and 50 000 N/m2. The FEM analysis result is important due to quantify the benefit-cost ratio of geosynthetics application in pavements needed for a detailed Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA).
Performance of Castor Oil and Neem Oil as Metal Cutting Fluids in Drilling Inconel 718 Using MQL Technique on Tool Wear and Surface Roughness
Authors: Safie Syahilia Syahira , Murad Muhamad Nasir , Lih Tan Chye 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Inconel 718 is hard to cut material due to its high hardness, high strength at elevated temperatures, low thermal diffusivity and affinity to react with tool materials. The high temperature during machining results in aggressive tool wear and poor hole quality. Therefore, the application of metal cutting fluids (MCF) as a lubricating and cooling agent is very significant in the drilling of nickel-based superalloys such as Inconel 718. The present study embraces these issues by evaluating the performance of non-edible vegetable oils such as castor and neem oil under minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions towards the tool wear and surface roughness. The drilling experiments were carried out using coated (TiAlN) carbide drill with diameter of 6 mm at different cutting speeds of 10 and 20 m/min and a constant feed of 0.015 mm/rev. The results of this study showed that castor oil significantly outperformed the neem oil in drilling performance regarding tool wear and surface roughness.
Analysis on Inlet Nozzle Design Geometry of Tesla Turbine
Authors: Halim Sufi , Rahman Md Tasyrif Abdul , Rahman Anas Abdul , Mohd Amin Nasrul Amri , Roslan Nur Shuhaila , Ghazli Mohd Fathullah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Tesla turbine is a bladeless turbine that uses a set of discs arranged at a certain distance to rotate and one of the parameters controlling turbine performance is the inlet parameter. The purpose of this study is to optimize the design of the inlet nozzle and analyse its effects on the flow of the fluid. A total of four nozzle designs have been proposed using CATIA while the Solidworks Flow Simulator is used to analyse the fluid flow at various inlet velocities. Then, the most efficient design is then fabricated via 3D printing and put to test by connecting it with the actual Tesla turbine model. Through the results obtained from the analysis, it is observed that Design 4 is the most efficient of all tested nozzles and the highest RPM and output voltage achieved from the nozzle is 7940 RPM and 13.56 V. The difference in velocity and pressure increases as the area of the nozzle outlet reduces, whereas nozzle efficiency decreases as the inlet velocity increases. The result of this study is a source material for increasing the effectiveness of an alternative power turbine in generating electricity by manipulating the inlet design geometry.