bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungal Keratitis: Diagnostic Characteristics of the Potassium Hydroxide Preparation With Calcofluor White in Northern California
Authors: Bacorn Colin , Luu Kieu-Yen , Li Jennifer Y. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
The incidence of fungal keratitis demonstrates significant geographic and climatic variation. We report on the characteristics of the potassium hydroxide/calcofluor white (KOH–CFW) preparation observed at a tertiary center in Northern California, a region with a low incidence of fungal keratitis.

Methods:
Culture-proven cases of microbial keratitis during a 5-year period were retrospectively reviewed. The sensitivity, specificity, and posttest probabilities were determined for the KOH–CFW assay. These results were compared with documented clinical impression and values reported in the literature.

Results:
Three hundred three of 368 episodes of microbial keratitis during the study period documented the results of a fungal culture, KOH–CFW assay, and a clinical impression. Twenty-one (6.9%) of these cultures were positive for fungal organisms. The sensitivity and specificity of the KOH–CFW test were 29% and 93%, respectively. Clinicians' initial clinical impression based solely on patients’ history and examination, without the aid of any histopathologic or biochemical test results, demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 33% and 89%, respectively.

Conclusions:
The observed sensitivity and specificity of the KOH–CFW preparation are significantly lower than many previously reported values. In regions with low incidence of fungal keratitis, the KOH–CFW preparation may have diagnostic performance similar to that of the clinical impression formed only on the basis of history and physical examination.
Complications of Adenoviral Keratoconjunctivitis in Ophthalmologists and Orthoptists: Epidemiology and Risk Factor, A Retrospective Questionnaire Analysis
Authors: Metzger Margaux , Navel Valentin , Bouvet Magalie , Pereira Bruno , Hébraud Jérémy , Coutu Adrien , Chiambaretta Frédéric , Dutheil Frédéric 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess the medical history of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis (AK) and subepithelial infiltrates (SEIs) among French ophthalmologists and orthoptists and the frequency of unreported occupational diseases. We also described short-term and long-term consequences of AK and evaluated associated factors.

Methods:
The REDCap questionnaire was diffused online several times over 7 consecutive months, from October 2019 to May 2020, through mailing lists (French Society of Ophthalmology, residents, and hospital departments), social networks, and by word of mouth.

Results:
Seven hundred ten participants were included with a response rate of 6.2% for ophthalmologists, 3.8% for orthoptists, and 28.3% for ophthalmology residents. The medical history of AK was found in 24.1% (95% confidence interval 21%–27.2%) of respondents and SEI in 43.9% (36.5%–51.3%) of the AK population. In total, 87.1% (82.1%–92.1%) of AK occupational diseases were not declared. In total, 57.7% of respondents took 9.4 ± 6.2 days of sick leave, mostly unofficial, and 95.7% stopped surgeries for 13.0 ± 6.6 days. Among the AK population, 39.8% had current sequelae, with 17.5% having persistent SEIs, 19.9% using current therapy, and 16.4% experiencing continuing discomfort. SEIs were associated with wearing contact lenses (odds ratio 3.31, 95% confidence interval 1.19–9.21) and smoking (4.07, 1.30–12.8). Corticosteroid therapy was associated with a greater number of sequelae (3.84, 1.51–9.75).

Conclusions:
AK and SEI affect a large proportion of ophthalmologists and orthoptists, possibly for years, with high morbidity leading to occupational discomfort. Few practitioners asked for either to be recognized as an occupational disease. Associated factors would require a dedicated study.
Relationships between fear of cancer recurrence, anxiety and worry, and health behaviors and health service use: a systematic review
Authors: Reed Sarah C. , Berrett-Abebe Julie , Whitney Robin L. , Sarkar Sayantani , Bell Janice F. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background:
This systematic review was conducted to improve our understanding of the relationship between fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), anxiety and worry, and engagement in health behaviors and/or health service use.

Methods:
A systematic review following PRISMA methodology was performed to identify any publications that examined FCR, anxiety and worry, and health behaviors and/or health service use in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, and PsychINFO from January 1990 to April 2021. Quality was assessed using QualSyst, a standard quality assessment for evaluating primary research articles.

Results:
Seventy articles met the inclusion criteria, but the outcomes were too heterogeneous to combine in statistical meta-analysis. The measurement of FCR also varied widely and was inconsistent across studies. Among FCR specific measures, 36% used some version of the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory. Prevention and detection of new and recurrent cancers accounted for 60% of all included studies, with the most frequently examined health behaviors being smoking status (17%) and physical activity (16%). Most associations indicated a significant relationship between FCR and current smoking, with those who are currently smoking experiencing higher levels of FCR. Relatively few studies explored the relationship between FCR and surveillance. Associations categorized under Interventions for Late Effects included a range of health services use with largely mixed results. Overall, studies had moderate to high quality.

Conclusions:
Given the measurement heterogeneity of FCR, future research would benefit from consistent operationalization and measurement. Some evidence suggests that FCR is associated with poor health behaviors. More studies are needed examining the relationship between FCR and surveillance. Research and clinical interventions may choose to focus on early post-treatment survivorship, given greater opportunities for support and intervention around FCR and other psychosocial concerns.
Misleading Entry Wounds From Atypical Bullet Behavior
Authors: Haag Lucien C. , Jason Alexander 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Some pistol bullets exhibit atypical wound ballistic behavior that can result in misleading and misinterpreted entry gunshot wounds. We demonstrate the atypical performance and behavior of these bullets using (1) high-speed videography of projectiles penetrating, perforating, and exiting soft tissue simulants; (2) Doppler radar tracking throughout simulated wound production; (3) downrange witness panels to record postperforation bullet orientation during a secondary impact; (4) laser tracking to assess and compare postperforation bullet deflection; (5) evaluation of “bullet wipe” around entry bullet holes in a victim's clothing; and (6) projectile penetration depth for differentiating primary from secondary gunshot wounds. Truncated cone and certain flat-point full-metal-jacketed pistol bullets in the 3 most common calibers of 9 mm, .40 caliber, and .45 caliber typically perforate the victim with little or no yawing, producing straight wound tracks and continuing to travel nose forward upon exiting. Any secondary gunshot victim downrange sustains a normal-appearing entry wound. Common pistol bullets exiting gunshot victims are typically destabilized and enter a yawing or tumbling flight, resulting in entry wounds that appear as typical, first strike entry wounds when in fact, they are secondary gunshot wounds. However, some bullets retain their nose-forward flight after emerging from a gunshot victim. These secondary but normal-appearing, round-shaped entry wounds may be erroneously identified as direct, primary strikes.
Pattern forming systems coupling linear bulk diffusion to dynamically active membranes or cells
Authors: Gomez D. , Iyaniwura S. , Paquin-Lefebvre F. , Ward M. J. 
Published: November 2021

Some analytical and numerical results are presented for pattern formation properties associated with novel types of reaction–diffusion (RD) systems that involve the coupling of bulk diffusion in the interior of a multi-dimensional spatial domain to nonlinear processes that occur either on the domain boundary or within localized compartments that are confined within the domain. The class of bulk-membrane system considered herein is derived from an asymptotic analysis in the limit of small thickness of a thin domain that surrounds the bulk medium. When the bulk domain is a two-dimensional disk, a weakly nonlinear analysis is used to characterize Turing and Hopf bifurcations that can arise from the linearization around a radially symmetric, but spatially non-uniform, steady-state of the bulk-membrane system. In a singularly perturbed limit, the existence and linear stability of localized membrane-bound spike patterns is analysed for a Gierer–Meinhardt activator-inhibitor model that includes bulk coupling. Finally, the emergence of collective intracellular oscillations is studied for a class of PDE-ODE bulk-cell model in a bounded two-dimensional domain that contains spatially localized, but dynamically active, circular cells that are coupled through a linear bulk diffusion field. Applications of such coupled bulk-membrane or bulk-cell systems to some biological systems are outlined, and some open problems in this area are discussed.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Recent progress and open frontiers in Turing’s theory of morphogenesis’.
The efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for negative symptoms in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lorentzen Rasmus , Nguyen Tuan D. , McGirr Alexander , Hieronymus Fredrik , Østergaard Søren D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSeveral trials have shown preliminary evidence for the efficacy of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) as a treatment for negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Here, we synthesize this literature in a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials of TMS in patients with schizophrenia. Specifically, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PsycINFO were searched for sham-controlled, randomized trials of TMS among patients with schizophrenia. The standardized mean difference (SMD, Cohen’sd) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated for each study (TMS vs. sham) and pooled across studies using an inverse variance random effects model. We identified 56 studies with a total of 2550 participants that were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed statistically significant superiority of TMS (SMD=0.37, 95%CI: 0.23; 0.52, p-value <0.00001), corresponding to a number needed to treat of 5. Furthermore, stratified analyses suggested that TMS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, using a stimulation frequency >1 Hz, and a stimulation intensity at or above the motor threshold, was most efficacious. There was, however, substantial heterogeneity and high risk of bias among the included studies. In conclusion, TMS appears to be an efficacious treatment option for patients with schizophrenia suffering from negative symptoms, but the optimal TMS parameters have yet to be resolved.
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response is Associated with Age in Convalescent Outpatients
Authors: Zhai Bo , Clarke Karen , Bauer David L. , Kupul Saran , Schratz Lucas J. , Nowalk M. Patricia , McElroy Anita K. , McLachlan James B. , Zimmerman Richard K. , Alcorn John F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 has had an unprecedented global impact on human health. Understanding the antibody memory responses to infection is one tool needed to effectively control the pandemic. Among 173 outpatients who had virologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, we evaluated serum antibody concentrations, microneutralization activity, and enumerated SARS-CoV-2 specific B cells in convalescent blood specimens. Serum antibody concentrations were variable, allowing for stratification of the cohort into high and low responders. Serum antibody concentration was positively associated with microneutralization activity and participant age, with participants under the age of 30 showing the lowest antibody level. Neither participant sex, the timing of blood sampling following the onset of illness, nor the number of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein specific B cells correlated with serum antibody concentration. These data suggest that young adult outpatients did not generate as robust antibody memory, compared with older adults. Further, serum antibody concentration or neutralizing activity trended but did not significantly correlate with the number of SARS-CoV-2 memory B cells. These findings have direct implications for public health policy and current vaccine efforts. Knowledge gained regarding antibody memory following infection will inform the need for vaccination in those previously infected and allow for a better approximation of population-wide protective immunity.
Electrical signature of heterogeneous human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Tsai Tunglin , Vyas Prema D. , Crowell Lexi L. , Tran Mary , Ward Destiney W. , Qin Yufan , Castro Angie , Adams Tayloria N.G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHuman mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have gained traction in transplantation therapy due to their immunomodulatory, paracrine, immune-evasive, and multipotent differentiation potential. Given the heterogeneous nature of hMSCs, therapeutic treatments and robust in vivo and in vitro experiments require additional biomarkers to ensure reproducibility when using these stem cells. In this work, we utilized dielectrophoresis (DEP), a label-free electrokinetic phenomenon, to investigate and quantify the heterogeneity of hMSCs derived from the bone marrow (BM) and adipose tissue (AD). Through computer simulation, we identified that the transient slope of the DEP force spectra can be used as a metric of heterogeneity. The electrical properties of BM-hMSCs were compared to homogeneous mouse fibroblasts (NIH-3T3), human fibroblasts (WS1), and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). BM-hMSCs DEP profile was most different from HEK-293 cells. We compared the DEP profiles of BM-hMSCs and AD-hMSCs and found they have similar membrane capacitances, differing cytoplasm conductivity, and transient slopes. Inducing both populations to differentiate into adipocyte and osteocyte cells revealed they behave differently in response to differentiation-inducing cytokines. Histology and RT-qPCR analyses of the differentiation-related genes revealed differences in heterogeneity between BM-hMSCs and AD-hMSCs. The differentiation profiles correlate well with the DEP profiles developed and indicate that these BM-hMSCs have higher differentiation potential than AD-hMSCs. Our results demonstrate using DEP, membrane capacitance, cytoplasm conductivity, and transient slope can uniquely characterize the inherent heterogeneity of hMSCs to guide robust and reproducible stem cell transplantation therapies.
Embryonic valproate exposure alters mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons distribution and septal dopaminergic gene expression in domestic chicks
Authors: Adiletta Alice , Pross Alessandra , Taricco Nicolò , Sgadò Paola 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the role of the dopaminergic system in the regulation of social behavior is being progressively outlined, and dysfunctions of the dopaminergic system are increasingly associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, including ASD. To further elucidate the role of the dopaminergic system in ASD, we investigated the effects of embryonic exposure to valproic acid (VPA) on the postnatal development of the mesencephalic DA system in the domestic chick. We found that VPA affected the rostro-caudal distribution of DA neurons, without changing the expression levels of several dopaminergic markers in the mesencephalon. We also investigated a potential consequence of this altered DA neuronal distribution in the septum, a social brain area previously associated to social behaviour in several vertebrate species, describing alterations in the expression of genes linked to DA neurotransmission. These findings support the emerging hypothesis of a role of DA dysfunction in ASD pathogenesis. Together with previous studies showing impairments of early social orienting behaviour, these data also support the use of the domestic chick model to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms involved in early ASD symptoms.
Error compensation based on surface reconstruction for industrial robot on two-dimensional manifold
Authors: Li Guanhua , Zhu Wei Dong , Dong Huiyue , Ke Yinglin 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to present error compensation based on surface reconstruction to improve the positioning accuracy of industrial robots.

Design/methodology/approach
In previous research, it has been proved that the positioning error of industrial robots is continuous on the two-dimensional manifold of six-joint space. The point cloud generated by positioning error data can be used to fit the continuous surfaces, which makes it possible to apply surface reconstruction on error compensation. The moving least-squares interpolation and the B-spline method are used for the error surface reconstruction.

Findings
The results of experiments and simulations validate the effectiveness of error compensation by the moving least-squares interpolation and the B-spline method.

Practical implications
The proposed methods can control the average of compensated positioning error within 0.2 mm, which meets the requirement of a tolerance (±0.5 mm) for fastener hole drilling in aircraft assembly.

Originality/value
The error surface reconstruction based on the B-spline method has great superiority because fewer sample points are needed to use this method than others while keeping the compensation accuracy at the same level. The control points of the B-spline error surface can be adjusted with measured data, which can be applied for the error prediction in any temperature field.
Managers’ skills and fund flows in the Japanese mutual fund market
Authors: Omori Kozo , Kitamura Tomoki 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
Mutual fund investors assess a fund manager’s skills when allocating their capital. To identify the rationale behind retail investors’ decisions, this study aims to examine the relation between mutual fund flows and abnormal returns (alpha), as well as the various risk factors in the Japanese mutual fund market, which has distinctive characteristics regarding investors and distributors.

Design/methodology/approach
Six standard asset pricing models are used to investigate how investors assess mutual fund managers’ skills: the market-adjusted return, the capital asset pricing model and the Fama–French three-factor model and its augmented versions.

Findings
Contrary to the literature, this study finds that investors in Japan mainly rely on alpha to assess mutual funds. In particular, investors respond to alpha for fund inflows and their evaluations depend on the market environment and their mutual fund search costs.

Originality/value
This study measures the response of investors to the skills of mutual fund managers in the Japanese market – especially for funds purchased through bank-related distributors that have aimed to capture inexperienced retail investors since deregulation in the 1990s – and reveals their high response to alpha.
Tensions with international mindedness: teaching in the international baccalaureate program
Authors: Chernoff Karen Fran 
Published: November 2021

PurposeInternational mindedness (IM) is a core element of International Baccalaureate (IB) programs. Implementation of IM varies with the type of international school and where the IB school is situated. This article seeks to understand the tensions that three teachers experienced while teaching the IB Diploma Program history curriculum.Design/methodology/approachFor this study, three IB teachers examined their experiences teaching the history curriculum. This article offers relevant research on the difficulties in implementing IM and the following tensions: (1) situating the IB curriculum; (2) with hegemonic privilege and (3) in high-stakes testing.FindingsIM can be integrated into the history curriculum to make the history curriculum relevant for the global community. While each interviewee enjoys teaching in the IB program and believes the IB history curriculum offers opportunity for IM, they also feel the history curriculum would benefit from modification. Each interviewee's points of view bring a relevancy and an authenticity for why tensions exist when teaching IB diploma history.Originality/valueThere is a gap of research in how and to what extent teachers implement IM into the IB high school history curriculum. Further, teachers' views regarding the IB history curriculum and whether the history curriculum facilitates one's teaching IM is largely anecdotal. Thus, this study is unique in its offering three interviews by IB high school history teachers on IM and the tensions they feel when teaching about and attempting to implement IM.
The use of error rates to predict and characterize the efficacy of presumptive field tests
Authors: Morris Keith B. , Spaulding Jamie S. , Ho Jennifer N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFrom a forensic perspective, a presumptive test, one which indicates the presence or absence of a certain target material such as blood, is an invaluable tool. Among these tests, there are different specificities, sensitivities, and shelf lives. The accuracy of a test is an algebraic combination of the specificity and sensitivity of the test. Each test has limitations as given by its false positive and false negative rates. The aim of this study was to illustrate how the false positive and false negative rates are to be properly determined using a simulation study for the phenolphthalein test. New presumptive tests must be properly evaluated/validated through testing of commonly encountered household items and other potentially probative items usually found at crime scenes, however, the makeup of test sets must appropriately captureallerror rates. In order to correctly use these results when the test is applied to an unknown sample recovered at a crime scene, the error rates cannot be applied directly to estimate whether or not the sample is actually the analyte of interest. In a validation study, the forensic scientist calculates the false positive rate as the p(Positive Reaction|Blood), whereas at the scene, the crime scene investigator wishes to determine the p(Blood|Positive Reaction). All crime scene investigators need to ensure that the conditional is not transposed when interpreting such results. Furthermore, this work provides a model for the assessment of a multiple test diagnostic system intended for investigators.
Can the add‐on placebo effect augment the physical and mental health outcomes of exercise? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Qiu Yue , Mao Zhixiong , Yun Dongting 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify whether the add‐on placebo effect can augment the psychological and physiological benefits of exercise. The inclusion criteria were met by 18 studies with 1,221 participants. The add‐on placebo effects promoted a more positive affect (g = 0.430), greater self‐esteem (g = 0.454), improved cardiorespiratory fitness (g = 0.273), and decreased perceived exertion (g = 0.476) and blood pressure (g = 0.268). Improved affect benefits were moderated by placebo type (elaboration > external medium), self‐selected exercise intensity (no > yes), and exercise type (running > nonspecific). The results support the proposal that the add‐on placebo effect can provide significant positive benefits for exercisers, particularly in terms of psychological responses.