bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in intolerance of uncertainty over the course of treatment predict posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in an inpatient sample
Authors: Badawi Amalia , Steel Zachary , Harb Merrylord , Mahoney Christopher , Berle David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntolerance of uncertainty (IU) is the inability to tolerate distress that arises in response to the absence of important information. The level of IU has been investigated across various psychological disorders; however, few studies have examined IU in trauma‐affected samples. We aimed to investigate the relationship between IU and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) across the course of treatment. Participants (n = 106) had a diagnosis of PTSD and were from first responder, military, and occupational injury backgrounds. Participants completed self‐report questionnaires pre‐ and post‐engagement in an inpatient group trauma‐informed psychoeducation and skills (TIPS) intervention. Regression analyses indicated that decreases in overall and inhibitory IU were associated with decreases in PTSD severity overall and at the symptom cluster level. However, prospective IU was only associated with changes in the re‐experiencing, avoidance, and arousal PTSD symptom clusters. Our findings are congruent with the nascent literature indicating that IU may be a maintaining factor for PTSD, suggesting clinical relevance for attendance to IU within the course of treatment.
Is personality the key in cognitive‐behavioural therapy for eating disorders? A review
Authors: Fumagalli Giovanni , Margola Davide 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe efficacy of individual cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) for eating disorders can be assessed by investigating the potential predictors, mediators and moderators of treatment. The present review focused on personality since its crucial role has been emphasized both by research and practice. Sixteen studies were collected, and data were extracted through a highly operationalized coding system. Overall, personality disorders were the most investigated construct; however, their influence was somewhat contradictory. A more cogent result occurred for borderline personality disorder (BPD) when considered as a moderator (not a predictor nor a mediator). Patients with a more disturbed borderline personality benefited to a greater extent from treatments including booster modules on affects, interpersonal relationships and mood intolerance, rather than symptoms exclusively. Nine additional personality dimensions, beyond BPD, were investigated sparsely, and results regarding them were barely indicative in this review. However, some of these dimensions (e.g., affective lability and stimulus‐seeking behaviours) could be traced back to BPD, thereby strengthening evidence of the role of borderline disorder as a moderator. Although research on the relationship between personality and eating disorders needs to be increased and methodologically improved, personality, taken as a whole, emerged as a promising variable for enhancing the efficacy of CBT.
Charging scheduling strategy for linear wireless power transfer network with external power injection
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Jiang Yanwei , Xu Zhezhuang , Chen Wei 
Published: June 2021

SummaryWireless power transfer network (WPTN) can provide efficient, timely, and dynamic charging service for multiple devices wirelessly by adopting mobile chargers. However, there are still urgent requirements to reduce the cost and improve the charging performance of WPTN. Therefore, this paper proposes the charging scheduling strategy for linear WPTN in which devices are distributed linearly or approximately linearly. An improved energy consumption model of the WPTN node is discussed firstly. Then, considering the charging capability of the wireless power transfer module, a charging threshold is selected to improve energy use efficiency. Moreover, the regional charging of mobile chargers is realized, so the distribution of carried energy on mobile chargers could be balanced and the maximum required energy that a single mobile charger carried could be reduced. Meanwhile, the processes of charging scheduling and energy delivery are analyzed in detail. Finally, simulation analysis and experimental data verify the effectiveness of the proposed charging scheduling strategies.
Nonsurgical fat reduction: Cryolipolysis, RF skin tightening, HIFEM, and injectable lipolysis
Authors: Gold Michael , Kleinrock Marci L. , Utley Collette , Bauknecht Caroline , Goldberg David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNonsurgical fat reduction has become a very popular cosmetic treatment category with energy‐based devices demonstrating, in clinical trials, safety, and efficacy. These devices, which use both radiofrequency and cold, will be presented in this manuscript, and their documented efficacy will be reviewed. As well, the new field of high intensity focused electromagnetic technology is gaining excitement for not only muscle stimulation, but also for fat reduction and now skin tightening. And finally, pharmaceutical agents are being used and investigated for their clinical effects on reducing fat. The myriad of treatment options now available provide clinicians with great choices, with documented safety and efficacy, to reduce fat, tighten the skin, and stimulate muscle formation.
Advances in tissue engineering of vasculature through three‐dimensional bioprinting
Authors: Zhu Junjin , Wang Yuting , Zhong Linna , Pan Fangwei , Wang Jian 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundA significant challenge facing tissue engineering is the fabrication of vasculature constructs which contains vascularized tissue constructs to recapitulate viable, complex and functional organs or tissues, and free‐standing vascular structures potentially providing clinical applications in the future. Three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a promising technology, possessing a number of merits that other conventional biofabrication methods do not have. Over the last decade, 3D bioprinting has contributed a variety of techniques and strategies to generate both vascularized tissue constructs and free‐standing vascular structures.ResultsThis review focuses on different strategies to print two kinds of vasculature constructs, namely vascularized tissue constructs and vessel‐like tubular structures, highlighting the feasibility and shortcoming of the current methods for vasculature constructs fabrication. Generally, both direct printing and indirect printing can be employed in vascularized tissue engineering. Direct printing allows for structural fabrication with synchronous cell seeding, while indirect printing is more effective in generating complex architecture. During the fabrication process, 3D bioprinting techniques including extrusion bioprinting, inkjet bioprinting and light‐assisted bioprinting should be selectively implemented to exert advantages and obtain the desirable tissue structure. Also, appropriate cells and biomaterials matter a lot to match various bioprinting techniques and thus achieve successful fabrication of specific vasculature constructs.ConclusionThe 3D bioprinting has been developed to help provide various fabrication techniques, devoting to producing structurally stable, physiologically relevant, and biologically appealing constructs. However, although the optimization of biomaterials and innovation of printing strategies may improve the fabricated vessel‐like structures, 3D bioprinting is still in the infant period and has a great gap between in vitro trials and in vivo applications. The article reviews the present achievement of 3D bioprinting in generating vasculature constructs and also provides perspectives on future directions of advanced vasculature constructs fabrication.
Habitat segregation of plate phenotypes in a rapidly expanding population of three‐spined stickleback
Authors: Eriksson Britas Klemens , Yanos Casey , Bourlat Sarah J. , Donadi Serena , Fontaine Michael C. , Hansen Joakim P. , Jakubavičiūtė Eglė , Kiragosyan Karine , Maan Martine E. , Merilä Juha , Austin Åsa N. , Olsson Jens , Reiss Katrin , Sundblad Göran , Bergström Ulf , Eklöf Johan S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDeclines of large predatory fish due to overexploitation are restructuring food webs across the globe. It is now becoming evident that restoring these altered food webs requires addressing not only ecological processes, but evolutionary ones as well, because human‐induced rapid evolution may in turn affect ecological dynamics. We studied the potential for niche differentiation between different plate armor phenotypes in a rapidly expanding population of a small prey fish, the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). In the central Baltic Sea, three‐spined stickleback abundance has increased dramatically during the past decades. The increase in this typical mesopredator has restructured near‐shore food webs, increased filamentous algal blooms, and threatens coastal biodiversity. Time‐series data covering 22 years show that the increase coincides with a decline in the number of juvenile perch (Perca fluviatilis), the most abundant predator of stickleback along the coast. We investigated the distribution of different stickleback plate armor phenotypes depending on latitude, environmental conditions, predator and prey abundances, nutrients, and benthic production; and described the stomach content of the stickleback phenotypes using metabarcoding. We found two distinct lateral armor plate phenotypes of stickleback, incompletely and completely plated. The proportion of incompletely plated individuals increased with increasing benthic production and decreasing abundances of adult perch. Metabarcoding showed that the stomach content of the completely plated individuals more often contained invertebrate herbivores (amphipods) than the incompletely plated ones. Since armor plates are defense structures favored by natural selection in the presence of fish predators, the phenotype distribution suggests that a novel low‐predation regime favors stickleback with less armor. Our results suggest that morphological differentiation of the three‐spined stickleback has the potential to affect food web dynamics and influence the persistence and resilience of the stickleback take‐over in the Baltic Sea.
Clinical outcomes among patients with chronic kidney disease hospitalized with diabetic foot disorders: A nationwide retrospective study
Authors: Salim Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionDiabetic foot ulcerations or infections (DFUs/DFIs) are common complications of patients with diabetes. This study aimed to explore the impact of non‐dialysis and dialysis CKD on hospitalized patients with DFUs/DFIs.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample database for the years 2017 and 2018. Patients hospitalized for DFUs/DFIs were included in the study. The primary outcome was lower limb amputations. The secondary outcomes were inpatient mortality, sepsis, length of stay (LOS), total hospitalization charges (THC) and disposition.ResultsA total of 121,815 hospitalizations were included (26.1% non‐dialysis CKD; 8.4% dialysis CKD). There was no significant difference in amputation rates between those on non‐dialysis CKD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87–1.06) and dialysis CKD (aOR: 1.04, [95% CI: 0.91–1.12]) when compared to non‐CKD group. Dialysis CKD group had increased odds of undergoing major amputation (aOR: 1.74, [95% CI: 1.32–2.29]), in‐hospital mortality (aOR: 3.77 [95% CI: 1.94–7.31]), sepsis (aOR: 1.83 [95% CI: 1.27–2.62]), longer LOS (adjusted mean difference [aMD]: 1.46 [95 CI: 1.12–1.80) and higher THC (adjusted mean difference [aMD]: $20,148 [95% CI: $15,968‐$24,327]). Non‐dialysis CKD group had increased odds of sepsis (aOR: 1.36 [95% CI: 1.02–1.82]), less likely to be discharged home (aOR: 0.87 [95% CI: 0.80–0.95]), longer LOS (aMD: 0.91 [95% CI 0.69–1.13]) and higher THC (aMD: $20,148 [95% CI: $15,968–$24,327]).ConclusionPatients with CKD on dialysis had higher odds of undergoing major amputation. CKD increased the odds of in‐hospital morbidity and resource utilization, with the most significant is for those on dialysis.
Forest and water policy integration: A process and output‐oriented policy network analysis
Authors: Baulenas Eulàlia , Kruse Sylvia , Sotirov Metodi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNatural resource management requires cross‐sectoral policy integration because the scope of current environmental and sustainability issues surpasses traditional sectoral boundaries. While the emergence of policy networks in such cases has been observed in the policy integration literature, little is known about how these networks are formed and how they influence the processes and outputs of policy integration. Accordingly, the main aim of this article is to combine the policy integration and policy network literatures to answer two research questions: How can the formation of a policy network for the case of forest and water policy integration be explained? What are the effects of the policy network on policy integration outputs? We use qualitative interviews and social network analysis to inform the study of two regional case studies in Germany and Spain. Our results show the relevance of a policy broker in steering the interactions between forest and water policy actors, combined with the presence of synergetic interdependencies, which facilitated the activation of the network. Additionally, the activities performed contributed to ideational homogenization between the forest and water sectors in terms of problem definition and preferred solutions, despite initial divergences. We conclude that a policy network perspective is an important contribution to the policy integration literature because it allows differentiating the influence of actor‐level and network‐level factors on integrated processes and outputs. In conclusion, both actors and their relationships should be accounted for as key intermediary variables to better understand and steer policy integration between natural resource sectors.
Enantiopure 2,9‐Dideuterodecane – Preparation and Proof of Enantiopurity
Authors: Mitschke Nico , Eruçar Gülsera , Fsadni Miriam H. , Roberts Amy R. , Sadeghi Majid M. , Golding Bernard T. , Christoffers Jens , Wilkes Heinz 
Published: June 2021

Abstract(R,R)‐ and (S,S)‐(2,9‐2H2)‐n‐Decane were prepared regio‐ and stereospecifically in 25–26 % yield over five steps from commercially available enantiopure (R)‐ and (S)‐propylene oxide, respectively. The synthetic procedure involved nucleophilic displacement of (R)‐ and (S)‐4‐toluenesulfonic acid 1‐methyl‐4‐pentenyl ester with LiAlD4 to furnish the respective (5‐2H)‐1‐hexenes. Subsequent olefin metathesis and reduction of the double bond furnished the title compounds. The optical purity of (R,R)‐ and (S,S)‐(2,9‐2H2)‐n‐decane could not be determined by chromatography or polarimetry. Therefore, (R,R)‐ and (R,S)‐(5‐2H)‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐hexanone were prepared from their respective hexenes by Wacker oxidation, followed by enantioselective α‐hydroxylation. The enantiopurity could then be determined by NMR spectroscopy because the stereospecifically deuterated hydroxyketones showed separated signals for the subterminal carbon atom (C‐5) in the 13C NMR spectrum.
Development of Bio‐inspired Composite Materials for the Detection of Traces of Silver Present in Water: Use of Taguchi Methodology to Design Low‐cost Carbon Paste Electrodes
Authors: García‐Melendrez Jaime , Warren‐Vega Walter M. , Zárate‐Guzmán Ana I. , Carrasco‐Marín Francisco , González‐Gutiérrez Linda V. , Romero‐Cano Luis A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCarbon Paste Electrodes (CPE) modified with Grapefruit‐Peels (GP) functionalized with Urea (GPU) and, Melamine (GPM) were designed for the detection of Ag+ in water. Taguchi L9 methodology was used to determine the optimal graphite‐Active material ratio. The best electrochemical response was for CPE‐GPU with an 80 : 20 ratio. The results obtained showed a linear detection range between 0.5 to 28 μg L−1, with a detection limit of 0.73 μg L−1 and a limit of quantification of 1.04 μg L−1. Attributable to CPE‐GPU characteristics: electroactive surface area 0.175 cm2, roughness factor 3.87, resistance 0.09 Ω and, mostly −NH2 groups on its surface. The composite material offers a viable option to be used for the determination of silver traces in situ in industrial processes.
Growth mechanism and kinetics of vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays
Authors: Liu Qingxiong , Shi Xiaofei , Jiang Qinyuan , Li Run , Zhong Sheng , Zhang Rufan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal, and chemical properties and show promising application potentials in numerous fields. Among different types of CNTs, vertically aligned CNT arrays (VACNTs) exhibit more superiors due to their good alignment, controllable structures and morphologies, and easy mass‐production, and so forth. During the past years, extensive efforts were put into the controlled synthesis of VACNTs with desired structures and morphologies. Among these efforts, it should be noted that, it is of significant importance to improve the array lengths of VACNTs, especially for the fabrication of VACNTs‐based fibers, transparent flexible films, and other functional materials, and so forth. However, it still remains a big challenge to synthesize VACNTs with length over centimeters. In this review, we summarize the growth mechanism, kinetics, growth factors of VACNTs, and the strategies for how to improve their array lengths. Finally, we also propose our outlook on the future development of VACNTs.image
Phytochemical screening and the effect of Trichosanthes dioica in high‐fat diet induced atherosclerosis in Wistar rats
Authors: Shrivastava Amit Kumar , Thapa Samul , Shrestha Laxmi , Mehta Roshan Kumar , Gupta Anamika , Koirala Niranjan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTrichosanthes dioica fruit pericarp has a powerful hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties. Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 30). The normal control group received vehicle and standard diet throughout the experimental period. Groups II, III, IV, and V were given a high‐fat diet and free access of water for 21 days. Experimental groups IV and V were given high‐fat diet along with T. dioica extract 400 and 800 mg/kg, respectively. Blood was collected at 21 days, and lipid profile estimation was performed. The phytochemical screening was performed by different phytochemical screening methods. Lipid peroxidation and catalase activity were done by taking a liver tissue sample. The phytochemical screening of extract showed good results and indicated the presence of phytoconstituents in extract. 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity of T. dioica was found to be 65.79% at a concentration of 100 μg/ml extract, whereas that of the control was 94.06%. The Wistar rats fed with a high‐fat diet with T. dioica showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), very‐low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL), and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and an increase in high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) level. The lipid peroxidation and catalase activity of methanol extract of T. dioica were significantly reduced with individual comparison with all groups. The methanol extract of T. dioica has the hypolipidemic effect, which showed a decrease in TC, TG, VLDL, and LDL levels and an increase in HDL level in Wistar rats. It also has antioxidant properties. In this study, we have evaluated the antioxidant and the antihyperlipidemic activities of T. dioica in high‐fat diet induced hyperlipidemia in Wistar rats.
Disentangling the relationship between internationalization, incremental and radical innovation, and firm performance
Authors: Freixanet Joan , Rialp Josep 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study examines the impact of firm internationalization on incremental and radical product innovation, and the effects of these innovation facets on sales growth. We use a sample of 1,064 Spanish manufacturers over the period 2008–2014. We find a positive relationship between higher international scope and greater ex‐post radical innovation output, and an inverted U‐shape relationship between export intensity and both innovation forms. We also find a positive relationship between incremental innovation and sales growth for performance leaders, and negative for performance laggards. Conversely, radical innovation boosts performance laggards' sales growth, but reduces that of performance leaders. The study supports and qualifies the learning‐by‐exporting effect, by identifying some firm‐specific factors that shape the relationship between internationalization, innovation, and firm performance.Managerial SummaryIn this study, we examine the effect of a more intense and more geographically spread out international expansion in a firm's incremental and radical innovation performance. We argue that more internationalized firms may benefit from new knowledge and learning, which they may leverage to increase their incremental and radical product innovations. In turn, we posit that incremental product innovation may be beneficial for performance leaders, but useless for a turnaround of performance laggards. Conversely, radical innovation may be useful for performance laggards, but may disrupt the current position of performance leaders and lead to reduced sales growth. These results point to the importance for exporters to use their new knowledge and capabilities to develop innovation forms that are consistent with their position in the market.
Considerations for using reproduction data in toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic modeling
Authors: Jager Tjalling , Trijau Marie , Sherborne Neil , Goussen Benoit , Ashauer Roman 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic (TKTD) modeling is essential to make sense of the time dependence of toxic effects, and to interpret and predict consequences of time-varying exposure. These advantages have been recognized in the regulatory arena, especially for environmental risk assessment of pesticides, where time-varying exposure is the norm. We critically evaluate the link between the modeled variables in TKTD models and the observations from laboratory ecotoxicity tests. For the endpoint reproduction, this link is far from trivial. The relevant TKTD models for sublethal effects are based on dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory, which specifies a continuous investment flux into reproduction. In contrast, experimental tests score egg or offspring release by the mother. The link between model and data is particularly troublesome when a species reproduces in discrete clutches and, even more so, when eggs are incubated in the mother's brood pouch (and release of neonates is scored in the test). This situation is quite common among aquatic invertebrates (e.g., cladocerans, amphipods, mysids), including many popular test species. In this discussion paper, we treat these and other issues with reproduction data, reflect on their potential impact on DEB-TKTD analysis, and provide preliminary recommendations to correct them. Both modelers and users of model results need to be aware of these complications, as ignoring them could easily lead to unnecessary failure of DEB-TKTD models during calibration, or when validating them against independent data for other exposure scenarios. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:479–487. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
Toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models are receiving increasing attention for risk assessment of pesticides; for sublethal effects, these models are based on Dynamic-Energy Budget (DEB) theory. For reproduction, the modeled property (mass investment into reproduction) does not match what is observed in experimental tests (egg or neonate release), requiring auxiliary hypotheses. Ignoring (or incorrect) auxiliary hypotheses has the potential to bias TKTD analyses, and can lead to unnecessary failure of the analysis in a risk-assessment context. We present and discuss these issues in detail, and provide preliminary recommendations to ensure effective application of DEB-based TKTD models.