bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approaches for estimating benefits and costs of interventions in plant biosecurity across invasion phases
Authors: Welsh Melissa J. , Turner James A. , Epanchin‐Niell Rebecca S. , Monge Juan J. , Soliman Tarek , Robinson Andrew P. , Kean John M. , Phillips Craig , Stringer Lloyd D. , Vereijssen Jessica , Liebhold Andrew M. , Kompas Tom , Ormsby Michael , Brockerhoff Eckehard G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNonnative plant pests cause billions of dollars in damages. It is critical to prevent or reduce these losses by intervening at various stages of the invasion process, including pathway risk management (to prevent pest arrival), surveillance and eradication (to counter establishment), and management of established pests (to limit damages). Quantifying benefits and costs of these interventions is important to justify and prioritize investments and to inform biosecurity policy. However, approaches for these estimations differ in (1) the assumed relationship between supply, demand, and prices, and (2) the ability to assess different types of direct and indirect costs at invasion stages, for a given arrival or establishment probability. Here we review economic approaches available to estimate benefits and costs of biosecurity interventions to inform the appropriate selection of approaches. In doing so, we complement previous studies and reviews on estimates of damages from invasive species by considering the influence of economic and methodological assumptions. Cost accounting is suitable for rapid decisions, specific impacts, and simple methodological assumptions but fails to account for feedbacks, such as market adjustments, and may overestimate long‐term economic impacts. Partial equilibrium models consider changes in consumer and producer surplus due to pest impacts or interventions and can account for feedbacks in affected sectors but require specialized economic models, comprehensive data sets, and estimates of commodity supply and demand curves. More intensive computable general equilibrium models can account for feedbacks across entire economies, including capital and labor, and linkages among these. The two major considerations in choosing an approach are (1) the goals of the analysis (e.g., consideration of a single pest or intervention with a limited range of impacts vs. multiple interventions, pests or sectors), and (2) the resources available for analysis such as knowledge, budget and time.
Myocardial Deformation Assessed by MR Feature Tracking in Groups of Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Zhao Lei , Zhang Chen , Tian Jie , DeLano Mark , Ma Xiaohai 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundGlobal myocardial strain assessments have been shown to provide useful measures of contractility in many diseases, but whether feature tracking (FT)‐derived strain at rest can differentiate ischemic myocardium from infarcted and remote myocardium in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear.PurposeTo evaluate the performance of magnetic resonance imaging FT‐derived strain in the detection of regional myocardial deformation in ischemic, infarcted, and apparent normal myocardium in CAD.Study TypeRetrospectivePopulationA total of 109 patients with CAD.Field Strength/SequencesSteady‐state free‐precession rest cine, T1‐weighted saturation‐recovery fast gradient echo stress/rest perfusion, and two‐dimensional phase‐sensitive inversion recovery breath‐hold late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) tests were performed at 3.0 T.AssessmentBased on perfusion and LGE images, left ventricular (LV) myocardial segments of CAD patients were categorized into ischemic, infarcted, and negative groups. The FT longitudinal (LS) and circumferential strain (CS) of normal subjects and the three CAD groups were calculated. Z‐scores of each segment of CAD patients were calculated.Statistic Testsχ2 testing, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Kruskal‐Wallis tests. Z‐scores were used to compare the strain between CAD groups.ResultsThere were significant differences in global LS (GLS) and CS (GCS) between healthy controls (GLS: −19.0% ± 1.4%, GCS, −20.9% ± 1.8%), ischemia (GLS: −17.4% ± 2.1%, GCS, −19.6% ± 1.9%), infarction (GLS: −16.4% ± 1.9%, GCS, −17.8% ± 1.9%), and negative patients (GLS: −17.7% ± 1.4%, GCS, −20.9% ± 2.4%) (all P < 0.05). There were significant differences in regional LS and CS between ischemic (LS, −16.1% ± 5.0%, CS, −18.7% ± 5.0%), infarcted (LS, −14.8% ± 5.2%, CS, −15.3% ± 4.8%), and negative segments (LS, −17.6% ± 5.2%, CS, −19.8% ± 4.8%) (all P < 0.05). The differences in the z‐scores of regional LS and CS between the ischemic, infarcted, and negative segments were also significant (all P < 0.05).Data ConclusionFT‐derived rest strain indices of the LV myocardium of CAD patients were higher compared to healthy controls and varied between ischemic, infarcted, and negative segments.Level of Evidence4Technical EfficacyStage 5.
Mechanical properties of silk plain‐weft knitted scaffolds for bladder tissue engineering applications
Authors: Khademolqorani Sanaz , Tavanai Hossein , Ajalloueian Fatemeh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAppropriate mechanical properties in both longitudinal and circumferential directions are an important requirement for the scaffold aimed at tissue engineering of the human urinary bladder. In this research, three weft‐knitted silk fibroin scaffolds with stitch densities of 138, 182, and 245 loops/cm2were fabricated and studied for potential use in bladder regeneration applications. It was shown that the porosity and surface porosity of the scaffolds increased as stitch density decreased. Moreover, increasing the stitch density assisted with decreasing the very big pore size of the weft‐knitted scaffolds. The uniaxial mechanical properties of the degummed scaffolds (namely strength and loading–unloading behavior), as well as multiaxial mechanical properties (providing the clinically relevant assessment conditions), were studied. We further studied the effect of cell culturing on the uniaxial mechanical properties of the scaffolds. It was observed that the cell‐cultured scaffold represented more strength and strain than the control scaffold after 6 weeks in culture. This study demonstrated that all three studied scaffolds demonstrate low stiffness (high compliance) along with high strength and high strains. Furthermore, comparing the uniaxial properties of weft‐knitted scaffolds with those of porcine bladder confirms that all three types of silk fibroin weft‐knitted scaffolds resemble bladder. However, the scaffold with a stitch density of 182 loops/cm2more closely simulated the porcine bladder, which is believed to be similar to the human bladder. Therefore, this scaffold can be a potential candidate for bladder tissue engineering studies.
Learning goal orientation and psychological capital among students: A pathway to academic satisfaction and performance
Authors: Sánchez‐Cardona Israel , Ortega‐Maldonado Alberto , Salanova Marisa , Martínez Isabel M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study explores the mediating role of psychological capital (PsyCap) in the association between learning goal orientation (LGO), academic satisfaction, and performance among college students. We suggest that PsyCap provides positive psychological resources through which learning‐oriented students sustain the effort in academic achievement situations, contributing to academic satisfaction and performance. Seven hundred and sixty‐eight (n = 768) college students completed an academic well‐being survey, including LGO, PsyCap, and academic satisfaction measures. Academic performance was collected 5 months later from the University academic records of students. Path analysis results showed that LGO was directly related to academic satisfaction and performance and indirectly related through PsyCap. Statistically significant indirect effects showed a partial mediation. These results highlight the importance of positive education through investment in psychological resources to increase performance and satisfaction among college students.
Auxiliary model‐based iterative parameter estimation for a nonlinear output‐error system with saturation and dead‐zone nonlinearity
Authors: Wang Xiao , Ding Feng , Alsaedi Ahmed , Hayat Tasawar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article is concerned with the parameter estimation problem of a nonlinear output‐error system with saturation and dead‐zone nonlinearity. The saturation nonlinearities and the dead‐zone nonlinearities are widely encountered in engineering applications and the identification for the nonlinear systems with these nonlinearities is very crucial. Based on the over‐parameterization identification model and the auxiliary model identification idea, an auxiliary model least‐squares‐based iterative algorithm is presented for estimating the parameters of the nonlinear system with saturation and dead‐zone nonlinearity. In order to enhance the computational efficiency, an auxiliary model gradient‐based iterative algorithm is presented for the nonlinear system. Using the multi‐innovation identification theory, an auxiliary model multi‐innovation gradient‐based iterative algorithm is derived for tracking time‐varying parameters. An example is carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. The numerical simulation results show that all the proposed algorithms can generate accurate parameter estimates.
Experimental investigation of flood energy reduction through vegetation at various angles
Authors: Ahmed Afzal , Valyrakis Manousos , Ghumman Abdul Razzaq , Pasha Ghufran Ahmed , Farooq Rashid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe efficiency of flow energy reduction past emergent vegetation has been typically studied assuming a right angle of the vegetated corridor to the flow direction. However, in many real‐world cases the riparian zones of natural, restored, or engineered rivers and waterways, are found at an oblique angle to the flood flow direction. In the current study, the effect of vegetation angle with respect to the flow direction is investigated experimentally in an open channel rectangular flume. The experiments are conducted under a range of subcritical steady flow conditions, with varying Froude number (Fro). The vegetation cover is placed at various angles to the flow direction (90°, 45°, and 30°), for a sparse and intermediate vegetation density, defined from the ratio of spacing of each vegetation element in the cross stream direction (B), and the diameter of vegetation element (d) (B/d = 2.13 and 1.09, respectively). Detailed water surface profiles are obtained for all those cases, demonstrating a considerable backwater rise, increasing with increasing vegetation density, Froude number, and flow approach angle. The energy reduction decreased by increasing the Froude number for the perpendicular (90°) and increased for oblique vegetation (45° and 30°). For the perpendicular vegetation, the average energy reduction rate for sparse (90VS) and intermediate (90VI) vegetation densities are 25.44% and 31.44%, respectively. The range of average energy reduction for sparse vegetation at 45° (45VS) and at 30° (30VS) are 18.3–19.8% and 18.7–19.7%, respectively. Similarly, range of average energy reduction for intermediate vegetation at 45° (45VI) and at 30° (30VI) are 21.4–22% and 18.8–22%, respectively.
Coping among public safety personnel: A systematic review and meta–analysis
Authors: Di Nota Paula M. , Kasurak Emily , Bahji Anees , Groll Dianne , Anderson Gregory S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPublic safety personnel (PSP) are routinely exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs) that, in turn, can result in posttraumatic stress injuries (PTSI), including burnout and increased symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, the longitudinal impact of PPTEs on PSP coping remains unclear. Coping can be operationalized as various strategies (i.e., behaviours, skills, thought and emotion regulation) for dealing with stressors, which are broadly categorized as either approach (adaptive, positive, social support) or avoidant coping strategies (maladaptive withdrawal, avoidance, substance use). This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to evaluate longitudinal coping outcomes among PSP. Thirteen eligible repeated‐measures studies explicitly evaluated coping in 1854 police officers, firefighters, and rescue and recovery workers. Study designs included randomized‐control trials, within‐subject interventions and observational studies. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) at follow‐up were described in 11 studies. Separate meta‐analyses reveal small (d < 0.2) but non‐significant improvements in approach and avoidant coping. Studies were of moderate quality and low risk of publication bias. Heterogeneity in outcome measures, follow‐up durations, and study types precluded subgroup analyses. The current findings can inform the development and evaluation of organizational training programs that effectively promote sustained adaptive coping for PSP and mitigate PTSIs.
Turning Data into Actionable Policy Insights
Authors: Verstraete Jonas , Acar Freya , Concilio Grazia , Pucci Paola 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt is becoming clearer that data-supported input is essential in the policy making process. But at which point of the process, and in which format, can data aid policy making? And what does an organisation need to turn data into relevant insights? This paper explores the role of data from two perspectives. In the first part, data and data analysis are situated in the policy making process by mapping them onto the data supported policy making model and highlighting the different roles they can assume in each stage and step of the process. The second part discusses a practical framework for policy-oriented data activities, zooming in on the data-specific actions and the actors performing them in each data-supported step of the policy making process. We observe that a close collaboration between the policy maker and data scientist in the framework of an iterative approach permits to transform the policy question into a suited data analysis question and deliver relevant insights with the flexibility desired by decision makers. In conclusion, for data to be turned into actionable policy insights it is vital to set up structures that ensure the presence and the collaboration of policy-oriented and data-oriented competences.
Big Data: Konsequenzen für das Human Resource Management Schweizer Unternehmen
Authors: Reissich Georg , Rohr Geraldine , Wanzenried Bernadette , Schellinger Jochen 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Digitalisierung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft hat zur Folge, dass aufgrund der fast unbegrenzten Kommunikations- und ökonomischen Transaktionsmöglichkeiten mit einer Vielzahl technischer Zugangsmöglichkeiten rund um die Uhr in- und außerhalb von Unternehmen kontinuierlich Daten generiert werden. Die hinter diesen Daten stehenden Informationen können für Unternehmen sehr wertvoll werden, sei es als Grundlage neuer Geschäftsmodelle, bei der Weiterentwicklung ihrer Produkte oder zur Optimierung interner Prozesse. Die riesige Datenmenge und zugehörige neue Analysetechniken können unter dem Oberbegriff „Big Data“ zusammengefasst werden. Der Beitrag untersucht den Einfluss von Big Data auf das Human Resource Management Schweizer Unternehmen. Im Rahmen einer qualitativen Untersuchung wurden thesenbasierte Interviews mit Expertinnen und Experten von Unternehmen und Institutionen geführt, die für die Zukunft einen zunehmenden Einsatz von Big-Data-Analysen auch im Human Resource Management vermuten lassen, auch wenn derzeitige Anwendungen noch eher rudimentär erfolgen.
Grundlagen der Robotic Process Automation
Authors: Arnautovic Hanka , Habegger Anja , Haller Stephan 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungGroße Teile der Arbeitswelt stecken aktuell in der Transformation zur Industrie 4.0. Ziel dieser vierten industriellen Revolution ist eine wirtschaftliche Produktion durch dezentral gesteuerte, autonome Prozesse, unterstützt durch Digitalisierung und Automatisierung sowie durch die Vernetzung von Maschinen, Robotern, Werkstücken und Mitarbeitenden. Die Auswirkungen dieser Entwicklung auf die Arbeitswelt werden kontrovers diskutiert; Szenarien von der Vernichtung von Millionen von Arbeitsplätzen in den nächsten fünf Jahren bis hin zur Schaffung praktisch ebenso vieler neuer Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten mit veränderten Qualifikationsanforderungen über alle Branchen hinweg stehen in Literatur und Praxis einander gegenüber. Robotic Process Automation stellt in dieser Entwicklung einen ersten Schritt auf dem Weg zu einer intelligenten Prozessautomation dar und bietet Unternehmen den Einstieg in die Digitalisierung und Automatisierung von Prozessen sowie in die Kollaboration von Menschen und Softwarerobotern.
Medical students as adverse drug event managers, learning about side effects while improving their reporting in clinical practice
Authors: Reumerman M. , Tichelaar J. , Richir M.C. , van Agtmael M.A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractManaging adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is a challenge, especially because most healthcare professionals are insufficiently trained for this task. Since context-based clinical pharmacovigilance training has proven effective, we assessed the feasibility and effect of a creating a team of Junior-Adverse Drug Event Managers (J-ADEMs). The J-ADEM team consisted of medical students (1st–6th year) tasked with managing and reporting ADRs in hospitalized patients. Feasibility was evaluated using questionnaires. Student competence in reporting ADRs was evaluated using a case-control design and questionnaires before and after J-ADEM program participation. From Augustus 2018 to Augustus 2019, 41 students participated in a J-ADEM team and screened 136 patients and submitted 65 ADRs reports to the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Center Lareb. Almost all patients (n = 61) found it important that “their” ADR was reported, and all (n = 62) patients felt they were taken seriously by the J-ADEM team. Although attending physicians agreed that the ADRs should have been reported, they did not do so themselves mainly because of a “lack of knowledge and attitudes” (50%) and “excuses made by healthcare professionals” (49%). J-ADEM team students were significantly more competent than control students in managing ADRs and correctly applying all steps for diagnosing ADRs (control group 38.5% vs. intervention group 83.3%, p < 0.001). The J-ADEM team is a feasible approach for detecting and managing ADRs in hospital. Patients were satisfied with the care provided, physicians were supported in their ADR reporting obligations, and students acquired relevant basic and clinical pharmacovigilance skills and knowledge, making it a win-win-win intervention.
Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease and its Relationship with the Microbiome
Authors: Fitzgerald Rachel S. , Sanderson Ian R. , Claesson Marcus J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPaediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the digestive tract, comprising of Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and, where classification is undetermined, inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBDU). Paediatric IBD incidence is increasing globally, with prevalence highest in the developed world. Though no specific causative agent has been identified for paediatric IBD, it is believed that a number of factors may contribute to the development of the disease, including genetics and the environment. Another potential component in the development of IBD is the microbiota in the digestive tract, particularly the gut. While the exact role that the microbiome plays in IBD is unclear, many studies acknowledge the complex relationship between the gut bacteria and pathogenesis of IBD. In this review, we look at the increasing number of studies investigating the role the microbiome and other biomes play in paediatric patients with IBD, particularly changes associated with IBD, varying disease states, and therapeutics. The paediatric IBD microbiome is significantly different to that of healthy children, with decreased diversity and differences in bacterial composition (such as a decrease in Firmicutes). Changes in the microbiome relating to various treatments of IBD and disease severity have also been observed in multiple studies. Changes in diversity and composition may also extend to other biomes in paediatric IBD, such as the virome and the mycobiome. Research into biome differences in IBD paediatric patients may help progress our understanding of the aetiology of the disease.
Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of [11C]MTP38 as a novel PET ligand for phosphodiesterase 7 in the brain
Authors: Obokata Naoyuki , Seki Chie , Hirata Takeshi , Maeda Jun , Ishii Hideki , Nagai Yuji , Matsumura Takehiko , Takakuwa Misae , Fukuda Hajime , Minamimoto Takafumi , Kawamura Kazunori , Zhang Ming-Rong , Nakajima Tatsuo , Saijo Takeaki , Higuchi Makoto 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 7 is a potential therapeutic target for neurological and inflammatory diseases, although in vivo visualization of PDE7 has not been successful. In this study, we aimed to develop [11C]MTP38 as a novel positron emission tomography (PET) ligand for PDE7.

Methods
[11C]MTP38 was radiosynthesized by 11C-cyanation of a bromo precursor with [11C]HCN. PET scans of rat and rhesus monkey brains and in vitro autoradiography of brain sections derived from these species were conducted with [11C]MTP38. In monkeys, dynamic PET data were analyzed with an arterial input function to calculate the total distribution volume (VT). The non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) in the striatum was also determined by a reference tissue model with cerebellar reference. Finally, striatal occupancy of PDE7 by an inhibitor was calculated in monkeys according to changes in BPND.

Results
[11C]MTP38 was synthesized with radiochemical purity ≥99.4% and molar activity of 38.6 ± 12.6 GBq/μmol. Autoradiography revealed high radioactivity in the striatum and its reduction by non-radiolabeled ligands, in contrast with unaltered autoradiographic signals in other regions. In vivo PET after radioligand injection to rats and monkeys demonstrated that radioactivity was rapidly distributed to the brain and intensely accumulated in the striatum relative to the cerebellum. Correspondingly, estimated VT values in the monkey striatum and cerebellum were 3.59 and 2.69 mL/cm3, respectively. The cerebellar VT value was unchanged by pretreatment with unlabeled MTP38. Striatal BPND was reduced in a dose-dependent manner after pretreatment with MTP-X, a PDE7 inhibitor. Relationships between PDE7 occupancy by MTP-X and plasma MTP-X concentration could be described by Hill’s sigmoidal function.

Conclusion
We have provided the first successful preclinical demonstration of in vivo PDE7 imaging with a specific PET radioligand. [11C]MTP38 is a feasible radioligand for evaluating PDE7 in the brain and is currently being applied to a first-in-human PET study.