bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of oral health educational media innovation for visually impaired children: Which one brings the best impact of change?
Authors: Maulanti Titis , Nurmala Ira 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimVarious innovations of oral health education media were used to bring an impact on oral health behavior and status among visually impaired children. This paper was aimed to systematically investigate which innovation brings the best impact of change.MethodsA systematic searching strategy in Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, SAGE, and Cochrane Library database was applied in this study, then followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guideline. Studies from the last 10 years that investigate the innovation of oral health education media for visually impaired children and its impact on change were included.ResultsOf 653 studies identified, 10 were included in the data synthesis. Audio, Braille, audio‐tactile performance, verbal, tactile, or combinations were found to be utilized as the alternative media innovation of oral health education for visually impaired children. The combination of two or more media brings the best impacts of oral health behavior and oral health status among them.ConclusionsThe combination of oral health education media may involve various senses of learning. Due to its impact on the improvement of oral health behavior and status among visually impaired children, this innovation should be chosen.
Complications associated with continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Kovvuru Karthik , Velez Juan C. Q. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith the evolution of standardized replacement fluids, newer machines, and high flux membranes, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has made remarkable progress in the field of extracorporeal therapies. CRRT is the preferred dialytic modality for patients in intensive care unit setting (ICU). Standardized protocols are implemented by many institutions to avoid errors and ensure patient safety. However, complications related to CRRT are not uncommon. Understanding CRRT operations is essential to analyze the complications and further assist in developing measures to mitigate the risk. Overview of CRRT complications and potential preventive strategies are discussed in the current review.
Rethinking the “buffering” theory of neighborhood racial transition
Authors: Wright Richard , Ellis Mark 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn metropolitan areas with significant numbers of Latinx and Black people, Santiago (1991) hypothesized that Latinx groups may “buffer” white neighborhoods from Black ones. Farley and Frey (1994, https://doi.org/10.2307/2096131) subsequently suggested that Latinx and Asian groups provide a social or spatial “buffer” that enables White and Black neighborhood coresidence. In predominantly White spaces, increases in the neighborhood shares of Latinx and Asian populations moderates White resistance to the presence of Blacks, and this helps explain growing neighborhood racial diversity in the United States. This essay suggests expanding the thesis in several ways. We first consider reversing the theory wherein Latinx and Asian groups provide a “buffer” enabling White and Black coresidence because Blacks are cushioned from the actions of Whites. This view requires us to include not only White tolerance but also White intolerance in the buffering logic. Second, we point out that racially mixed neighborhoods may also come about because people want to live in such diverse environments. Third, this leads to a consideration of processes of neighborhood racial mixing that include the roles of real estate markets actors in shaping neighborhood outcomes as well as the motivations of Latinx, Asian, and mixed‐race populations.
Meat‐related cognitive dissonance: The social psychology of eating animals
Authors: Rothgerber Hank , Rosenfeld Daniel L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs the practice of eating animals as meat faces increased scrutiny for its ethical, health, and environmental implications, a subfield devoted to its psychology has begun to flourish. Researchers have been especially interested in understanding how individuals morally care for animals and wish them no harm yet simultaneously eat them as food. Merging theories of cognitive dissonance, moral disengagement, and neutralization, the current review aims to provide a framework ofmeat‐related cognitive dissonance (MRCD)that explains this belief–behavior inconsistency. First, we evaluate the existing research on mechanisms that (a) prevent MRCD from occurring and (b) reduce MRCD once it has occurred. Second, we highlight promising avenues for further research on MRCD. The purpose of this review, ultimately, is to synthesize findings from this emerging area of research and to highlight its exciting future directions for the field of social psychology.
Positive psychological well‐being and cardiovascular disease: Exploring mechanistic and developmental pathways
Authors: Boehm Julia K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEmpirical research regarding the health benefits of positive psychological well‐being (e.g., positive emotions, life satisfaction, purpose in life, and optimism) has flourished in recent years, particularly with regard to cardiovascular disease. This paper reviews the state of evidence for well‐being's association with cardiovascular disease in both healthy individuals and those diagnosed with a disease. Prospective studies consistently indicate well‐being reduces cardiovascular events in healthy and, to a lesser extent, patient populations. Potential pathways that link well‐being with cardiovascular disease are discussed (including health behaviors, physiological processes, and stress buffering), although the existing evidence is mostly cross‐sectional which limits conclusions about directionality. Issues related to development across the lifespan are considered and childhood is identified as a crucial period for establishing healthy cardiovascular trajectories. Outstanding questions for future research are provided with recommendations to focus on well‐powered and prospective study designs with rigorous assessment of both well‐being and cardiovascular‐related outcomes.
Timing of and risk factors for deep surgical site infection requiring implant removal following canine tibial plateau leveling osteotomy
Authors: McDougall Renee A. , Spector Daniel I. , Hart Robert C. , Dycus David L. , Erb Hollis N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify demographic risk factors for deep surgical site infection (SSI) requiring tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) implant removal and time to implant removal.AnimalsFour hundred and thirty‐three dogs that underwent a TPLO (144 that developed a deep SSI and required implant removal, 289 that did not).Study DesignRetrospective case–control study.MethodsRecords of dogs undergoing implant removal due to a deep SSI after TPLO between 2006 and 2018 at two referral centers were reviewed. These records were frequency‐matched by date to dogs undergoing TPLO that did not require implant removal. Multivariable analyses tested associations between demographics and implant removal as well as timing of implant removal.ResultsDeep SSI and implant removal occurred in 144 of 4813 (3.0%; 95% CI: 2.5, 3.5) dogs treated with TPLO. Implant removal was performed at a median of 279 days (range 49–2394 days) postoperatively. Male dogs (OR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.7) and German Shepherd dogs (GSDs) (OR 7.4; 95% CI: 2.6, 20.5) were associated with plate removal. Earlier TPLO plate removal was associated with GSDs only (HR 2.4; 95% CI: 1.4, 4.1).ConclusionImplant removal due to SSI after TPLO was uncommon, although male dogs and GSDs seemed predisposed to this complication.SignificanceThese demographic risk factors can be used to educate owners regarding perioperative management.
Fluid Flow Through Porous Metals
Authors: Green Leon , Duwez Pol 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A method is outlined for correlating experimental data obtained in studies of the flow of gases and liquids through porous metals. The correlation is based upon the suggestion of Forcheimer that the pressure gradient attending the flow of a liquid through a porous medium can be expressed as a function of flow rate by a simple quadratic equation. An equation of this type defines two length parameters necessary for characterization of a porous structure and permits a general definition of the Reynolds number for a structure of arbitrary complexity.
A Superposition Analysis of the Turbulent Boundary Layer in an Adverse Pressure Gradient
Authors: Ross Donald , Robertson J. M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As an interim solution to the problem of the turbulent boundary layer in an adverse pressure gradient, a super-position method of analysis has been developed. In this method, the velocity profile is considered to be the result of two effects: the wall shear stress and the pressure recovery. These are superimposed, yielding an expression for the velocity profiles which approximate measured distributions. The theory also leads to a more reasonable expression for the wall shear-stress coefficient.
Vibration of Rectangular and Skew Cantilever Plates
Authors: Barton M. V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Ritz method is used to determine approximate solutions for the frequencies and modes of vibration of uniform rectangular and skew cantilever plates. The functions used to represent the plate deflection correspond to those which define the normal modes of vibration of a uniform beam. Solutions are obtained for (a) uniform rectangular cantilever plates with cantilever span-to-breadth ratios of 1/2, 1, 2, and 5; (b) uniform skew cantilever plates with sides of equal length and skew angles of 15 deg, 30 deg, and 45 deg. Experimental values are presented and the correlation with analytical results discussed.
Axially Symmetrical Plates With Linearly Varying Thickness
Authors: Conway H. D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The most practical problem in the bending of symmetrically loaded circular plates of variable thickness is probably that in which the thickness decreases linearly with the distance from the center of the plate. A general solution of the small-deflection problem of such plates is given here in closed form for the special case when Poisson’s ratio is 1/3. Numerical results are given for two particular examples, and these are compared with the results for corresponding plates of constant thickness.
Analysis of Deep Beams
Authors: Conway H. D. , Chow L. , Morgan G. W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a method of analyzing the stress distribution in a deep beam of finite length by superimposing two stress functions. The first stress function is chosen in the form of a trigonometric series which satisfies all but one of the boundary conditions—that of zero normal stress on the ends of the beam. The principle of least work is then used to obtain a second stress function giving the distribution of normal stress on the ends which is left by the first stress function. By superimposing the two solutions, all the boundary conditions are satisfied. Two particular cases of a given type of loading are solved in this way to investigate the stresses in a deep beam and their deviation from the ordinary beam theory. In addition, an approximate solution by the numerical method of finite difference is worked out for one of the two cases. Results from the two methods are compared and discussed. A method of obtaining an exact solution to the problem is given in an Appendix.
The Torsion of Elastic Spheres in Contact
Authors: Lubkin J. L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A small torsional couple is applied about the axis of symmetry of a system of two elastic spheres (or solids of revolution) which have been pressed together by a force perpendicular to their common tangent plane. This problem may be reduced to a “problem of the plane,” and it has been found that in the absence of slip on the interface, the tangential traction is singular on the bounding circle. Hence the assumption of no slip is physically untenable. In the present solution allowance is made for slip by assuming that the tangential component of traction, for the area over which slip has progressed, is equal to the product of a constant friction coefficient and the normal or Hertzian distribution. A continuous expression for the traction is developed. A formula relating the radial depth of penetration of slip to the magnitude of the applied moment is given, and another relating this moment to the rotation of the contact surface of one of the bodies with respect to remote points in that body.
Analysis of Straight and Curved Beam-Columns
Authors: Tyler C. M. , Christiano J. G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A method of analysis is developed for calculating the effects of deflection and axial force on the bending moments of structural members having both beam and column loadings. The member is divided into a number of segments and analyzed by a relaxation method directly in terms of the bending moments at each segment. This analysis is applicable to beam-columns of any shape and stiffness, and for any type of loading. A numerical example of an irregularly curved beam-column is included.
The Behavior of Graphite Under Alternating Stress
Authors: Green Leon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The fatigue properties of grade AUF extruded polycrystalline graphite were investigated at ambient and elevated temperatures. Specimens cut parallel to the axis of extrusion were stressed in reversed bending at room temperature and at 3550 F. The endurance limit of this graphite was found to increase from 2500 psi at room temperature to about 4400 psi at 3550 F. The increase in endurance limit is correlative with the increase in short-time tensile strength with temperature observed in earlier studies of graphite.
On Symmetrical Strain in Solids of Revolution in Spherical Co-Ordinates
Authors: Ling Chih-Bing , Yang Kuo-Liang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the expressions for the displacements and stresses in the spherical co-ordinates, in terms of a stress function, for a solid of revolution in the state of symmetrical strain. Such expressions are useful in dealing with solids of revolution, which consist of spherical boundaries. The expressions are applied, as an illustration, to find the stresses in a large tension member having a spherical cavity. The required stress function is constructed in terms of Legendre polynomials. It may be interesting to compare this solution with the known solutions.
The Calculated Performance of Dynamically Loaded Sleeve Bearings—III
Authors: Burwell J. T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In parts I and II of this series (6, 7), the performance of dynamically loaded sleeve bearings was calculated neglecting the transverse flow in the oil film, i.e., the bearing was assumed to be wide compared to its diameter, and then side-leakage factors based upon constant-load calculations were applied. In the present paper the performance is calculated for bearings assumed to be so narrow that film flow due to pressure in the direction of motion can be neglected. In this case the dependence upon bearing width appears explicitly and no side-leakage factors are required. Conclusions about the performance of the bearing under various simple types of loading are drawn. The two solutions for the limiting cases of very wide and very narrow bearings are compared and found to be qualitatively similar. From this it is concluded that bearings of arbitrary width should show the same qualitative behavior. Finally, the present solution is compared with exact calculations for certain narrow bearings, and the error involved in the present approximation is thereby determined.
The Theory of Plasticity Applied to a Problem of Machining
Authors: Lee E. H. , Shaffer B. W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The recently developed methods of analyzing stress and strain distributions in the plane plastic flow of an ideally plastic material are applied to the problem of machining. It is shown that the idealized stress-strain relationship involves justifiable assumptions for this application. Analytical expressions are obtained for orthogonal machining which give the machining force, the chip thickness, and the chip deformation in terms of the tool geometry, the relevant coefficients of friction, and the appropriate yield stress of the work. With increasing friction at the tool face or decreasing rake angle the development of a built-up nose arises naturally as a consequence of the analysis. The theory includes this phenomenon. The results of this theory are compared with published experimental results, and with other theoretical analyses. Satisfactory agreement with experiment is obtained.
Several Approximate Analyses of the Bending of a Rectangular Cantilever Plate by Uniform Normal Pressure
Authors: Nash W. A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Three methods of approximating the deflections and moments occurring in a rectangular cantilever plate subjected to uniform normal pressure over its entire surface are presented in this paper. The first is the application of the well-known finite-difference procedure. The second and third are collocation methods, one based upon polynomial solutions of the Lagrange equation, the other employing “mixed” hyperbolic-trigonometric terms satisfying this equation. In the last two methods the boundary conditions are satisfied exactly along the clamped edge and at a finite number of points along the free edges of the plate. The results obtained for the particular case of a cantilever plate with uniform normal load indicate that the use of a relatively small number of points in the collocation method yields values of deflections and moments that are in substantial agreement with those given by the finite-difference procedure. It cannot be concluded from these results that the collocation method using the assumed functions will give satisfactory results with fewer points than the finite-difference method for cantilever plates with loading different from the one investigated.
On the Stresses in a Notched Strip
Authors: Ling Chih-Bing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In a previous paper by the author (1), a theoretical solution for a notched strip under longitudinal tension is given. The result demands the solution of an infinite system of linear equations. A considerable amount of labor is involved in solving such a system. It seems, however, that the labor can be diminished by adapting to the solution a process known as the promotion of rank. In this paper such a process is described and then applied to solve the problem of a notched strip under transverse bending. The solution of this problem seems also to be new. The numerical results obtained are compared graphically with the experimental results available.
Large Deflections of Circular Plates
Authors: Stippes M. , Hausrath A. H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper contains a solution of von Kármán’s equations for a uniformly loaded, simply supported circular plate. The method used to obtain the solution is the perturbation procedure. Series expansions for the deflection and stresses in the plate are obtained. The legitimacy of these expansions is demonstrated in the Appendix. Critical values of stress and deflection are presented in graphical form. Furthermore, tables of coefficients for the afore-mentioned series are presented if anyone desires to extend the results which are presented here.
Bending of Elastoplastic Circular Plates With Large Deflection
Authors: Naghdi P. M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A general theory for the elastoplastic bending of thin circular plates with polar symmetrical loading is developed, and a numerical integration method is given for the complete solution of problems within the scope of the general theory. In the development of the theory, stress-strain relations of the deformation type (theory of plastic deformation) are employed. As special examples, simply supported circular plates with a central concentrated loading are considered. Using a stress-strain curve for 24S-T aluminum which is determined experimentally, numerical solutions for bending moments, membrane forces, and deflections are obtained for two cases. In one case, the plate experiences large elastic deformation and in the second case, the plate undergoes large elastoplastic deformation. Several plate specimens, made of the same sheet of 24S-T aluminum for which the foregoing stress-strain curve was determined, are tested and a comparison is made between the theoretically determined and the experimentally obtained values of deflection.
A Study of Vanes Singing in Water
Authors: Gongwer C. A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the course of propulsion experiments in the ring-channel and rotating-boom facility at the Aerojet Engineering Corporation, it was discovered that certain struts which are used to support underwater bodies would “sing” at surprisingly low speeds, e.g., 5 to 7 knots. Tail surfaces also sang. The note emitted was a clear musical tone in most instances, and, as the speed was increased, the note would fade, disappear, and then reappear as a note of higher frequency. This singing caused considerable apprehension as it was feared that the strut would fail at high speeds due to build-up of the vibrations. Analysis for flutter stability and torsional divergence had been conducted, and it was known that the operation was well away from the ranges where flutter or torsional divergence might occur. However, the severity of the singing did not tend to become greater at high speeds, and there were usually quiet speed zones at high speeds as well as at low speeds.
Vibrations of Elastic Shells in a Fluid Medium and the Associated Radiation of Sound
Authors: Junger Miguel C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This is a study of the vibrations of thin elastic shells freely suspended in a compressible fluid medium. The effect of the fluid reaction on the dynamic characteristics and, in particular, on the natural frequencies is investigated for cylindrical and spherical shells. The dynamic configuration of such shells undergoing forced vibration and the associated radiation of sound are determined. The problem is analyzed by means of the classical methods of the theory of mechanical vibrations; the Lagrange equations for the system are derived, the fluid reaction being introduced in the form of generalized forces. From the boundary condition that the normal shell deflection be equal to the normal fluid-particle displacement at the shell surface, and introducing the concept of acoustic impedance, it is shown that the fluid reaction is equivalent to an accession to the inertia of the shell and to a damping force. Numerical examples show that the effect of the fluid reaction on the dynamic characteristics of a shell may be of such magnitude as to render valueless calculations neglecting it.
Bending of a Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Plate With Two Adjacent Edges Clamped and the Others Either Simply Supported or Free
Authors: Huang M. K. , Conway H. D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The distribution of deflection and bending moment in a uniformly loaded rectangular plate having two adjacent edges clamped and the others either simply supported or free, are obtained by a method of superposition. Numerical values are given for square plates and, in one case, the results are compared with those obtained by another method.