bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domain-specific life satisfaction among older adults with and without children: The role of intergenerational contact
Authors: Doerwald Friederike , Albrecht Birte Marie , Stalling Imke , Bammann Karin 
Published: September 2021

Background
Life satisfaction is associated with many important health outcomes among older adults and is an indicator of successful ageing. The present study aims to replicate earlier findings regarding relationships between satisfaction with various life domains and life satisfaction in older adults. The study furthermore explores how parental status is associated with satisfaction with different life domains and how two types of intergenerational contact (contact with own children; post-retirement work in childcare) relate to life satisfaction.

Methods
Participants were 1978 older adults, aged 65–75 year (51.7% female), who live in Bremen and took part in the OUTDOOR ACTIVE study. 82.6% of the participants had one or more children. All participants completed a questionnaire, which among others comprised items assessing life satisfaction as well as satisfaction with six different life domains (satisfaction with living situation, financial situation, leisure time, health, family, neighbors and friends).

Results
LS is significantly related to all of the investigated life domains, independent of sex and age. For the participants with children, life satisfaction had the highest association with satisfaction with family (β: 0.202; 95%CI: 0.170–0.235), followed by satisfaction with neighbors and friends (β: 0.151; 95%CI: 0.111–0.191), and health satisfaction (β: 0.148; 95%CI: 0.120–0.176). In comparison to that, participants without children had the highest association between life satisfaction and satisfaction with health (β: 0.193; 95%CI: 0.135–0.252), followed by satisfaction with family (β: 0.175; 95%CI: 0.114–0.236) and satisfaction with neighbors and friends (β: 0.154; 95%CI: 0.077–0.232). In participants with children, there was a non-significant negative association between life satisfaction and work in childcare (β: -0.031; 95%CI: -0.178–0.116), while life satisfaction was statistically significantly positively associated to work in childcare in participants without own children (β: 0.681; 95%CI: 0.075–1.288).

Conclusions
The results suggest that the domain-specific approach to life satisfaction can elucidate differences in the correlates of life satisfaction and well-being between older adults with and without children. They further suggest that the benefits of working with children for life satisfaction may be more pronounced in older adults without children than older adults with children.
In silico analysis enabling informed design for genome editing in medicinal cannabis; gene families and variant characterisation
Authors: Matchett-Oates L. , Braich S. , Spangenberg G. C. , Rochfort S. , Cogan N. O. I. 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundCannabis has been used worldwide for centuries for industrial, recreational and medicinal use, however, to date no successful attempts at editing genes involved in cannabinoid biosynthesis have been reported. This study proposes and develops anin silicobest practices approach for the design and implementation of genome editing technologies in cannabis to target all genes involved in cannabinoid biosynthesis.ResultsA large dataset of reference genomes was accessed and mined to determine copy number variation and associated SNP variants for optimum target edit sites for genotype independent editing. Copy number variance and highly polymorphic gene sequences exist in the genome making genome editing using CRISPR, Zinc Fingers and TALENs technically difficult. Evaluation of allele or additional gene copies was determined through nucleotide and amino acid alignments with comparative sequence analysis performed. From determined gene copy number and presence of SNPs, multiple online CRISPR design tools were used to design sgRNA targeting every gene, accompanying allele and homologs throughout all involved pathways to create knockouts for further investigation. Universal sgRNA were designed for highly homologous sequences using MultiTargeter and visualised using Sequencher, creating unique sgRNA avoiding SNP and shared nucleotide locations targeting optimal edit sites.ConclusionsUsing this framework, the approach has wider applications to all plant species regardless of ploidy number or highly homologous gene sequences.Significance statementUsing this framework, a best-practice approach to genome editing is possible in all plant species, including cannabis, delivering a comprehensivein silicoevaluation of the cannabinoid pathway diversity from a large set of whole genome sequences. Identification of SNP variants across all genes could improve genome editing potentially leading to novel applications across multiple disciplines, including agriculture and medicine.
Adverse maternal outcomes of adolescent pregnancy in Northwest Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Kassa Getachew Mullu , Arowojolu Ayodele O. , Odukogbe Akin Tunde A. , Yalew Alemayehu Worku 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundAdolescent pregnancy is considered a major contributor to maternal and child morbidity and mortality, the greatest concern of developing countries and an important public health issue globally. Adolescents are responsible for eleven percent of births worldwide and they face several pregnancy and childbirth related complications. However, in low-income countries like Ethiopia, there are limited researches conducted to investigate outcomes of adolescent pregnancy. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the adverse maternal outcomes of adolescent pregnancy in Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted in 12 health facilities from seven districts in East Gojjam zone, Northwest Ethiopia. A total of 418 adolescents (15–19 years old) and 836 adult women (20–34 years old) who attended randomly selected health facilities in East Gojjam zone were included. Data were collected starting from admission to the maternity ward for labor and delivery, and postnatal depression was measured at six weeks’ postpartum period using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) was used to account for the within subject correlation and assess the effect of different known factors that could influence the outcome of this study.ResultsA lower percentage of adolescent (58.4%) than adult (71.2%) women had their first antenatal care booking before 16 weeks of gestation. After adjusting for different confounding factors, the adverse outcome that was significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy was postpartum depression (AOR: 2.29; 95% CI, 1.42, 3.7,p-value = 0.001). Assisted vaginal delivery (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI, 0.23, 0.86,p-value 0.016)and cesarean section (AOR: 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19, 0.97,p-value = 0.042)were significantly lower among adolescent women.ConclusionsAdolescent pregnancy is associated with higher odds of postpartum depression, and lower odds to undergo cesarean section and assisted vaginal delivery than adult women. Perinatal care services should be more adolescent-friendly to ensure early diagnosis and treatment of postpartum depression. School and community-based awareness programs regarding use of contraception to prevent unwanted adolescent pregnancy, early antenatal care booking and adverse pregnancy outcomes of adolescent pregnancy and provision of psychosocial support are recommended.
Rehydration of Dried-Out Specimens: a New Approach
Authors: Neisskenwirth F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Different procedures are proposed in the literature for the rehydration of dried-out specimens. These procedures vary greatly in their efficiency and application. This work describes a new procedure that is inspired by the literature but that avoids heating the specimens. This method was applied to reconditioning dried-out specimens from a historical collection (Swiss freshwater fishes, bird brains, and bird eyes), stored at the Naturhistorisches Museum Bern in Switzerland. The procedure consists of five steps. The first step is the softening of hardened soft tissue with benzaldehyde and demineralized water. The second step is an indirect rehydration with water vapor. The third step is a chemically induced direct hydration using a trisodium phosphate solution that allows the specimen to swell in size before being washed with water to remove all additives. Finally, the rehydrated specimen is transferred into new preserving fluid. Because the dehydrating properties of ethanol as a preservative are problematic, this paper presents the results of an experimental case study using a glycerol solution as a preservation fluid.
No significant benefit of moderate-dose vitamin C on severe COVID-19 cases
Authors: Zheng Shaoping , Chen Qiaosen , Jiang Hongbo , Guo Chunxia , Luo Jinzhuo , Li Sumeng , Wang Hua , Li Huadong , Zheng Xin , Weng Zhihong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
There is no specific drug for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to investigate the possible clinical efficacy of moderate-dose vitamin C infusion among inpatients with severe COVID-19. Data of 397 adult patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to a designated clinical center of Wuhan Union Hospital (China) between February 13 and February 29, 2020, were collected. Besides standard therapies, patients were treated with vitamin C (2–4 g/day) or not. The primary outcome was all-cause death. Secondary outcome was clinical improvement of 2 points on a 6-point ordinal scale. About 70 participants were treated with intravenous vitamin C, and 327 did not receive it. No significant association was found between vitamin C use and death on inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis (weighted hazard ratio [HR], 2.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91–7.89). Clinical improvement occurred in 74.3% (52/70) of patients in the vitamin C group and 95.1% (311/327) in the no vitamin C group. No significant difference was observed between the two groups on IPTW analysis (weighted HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.55–1.07). Our findings revealed that in patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with moderate dose of intravenous vitamin C had no significant benefit on reducing the risk of death and obtaining clinical improvement.
The Routes of Neolithisation: The Middle Struma Valley from a Regional Perspective
Authors: Grębska-Kulow Małgorzata , Zidarov Petar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe frontier position of the Balkan Peninsula, next to Anatolia and the Aegean, emphasises its key importance for the study of the Neolithisation processes taking place in Europe during the seventh–sixth millennia BC. A look at the distribution of most Early Neolithic sites along the submeridional alluvial plains of its central mountainous part often leaves the impression that the valleys of the Vardar, Struma, Mesta and Maritsa rivers functioned as natural corridors, allowing for the rapid advance of the farming way of life towards the interior regions of Europe. However, comparative analysis of the distribution patterns of specific diagnostic components of Early Neolithic cultures, such as white painted pottery, anthropomorphic figurines and miniature “cult tables”, from the Early Neolithic settlements in the Middle Struma Valley, southwestern Bulgaria, namely Kovachevo, Ilindentsi, Brezhani, Drenkovo and Balgarchevo I shows a rather unexpected direction and dynamic of cultural/social contact during this crucial period.
Trial-to-Trial Variability of Spiking Delay Activity in Prefrontal Cortex Constrains Burst-Coding Models of Working Memory
Authors: Li Daming , Constantinidis Christos , Murray John D. 
Published: September 2021

A hallmark neuronal correlate of working memory (WM) is stimulus-selective spiking activity of neurons in PFC during mnemonic delays. These observations have motivated an influential computational modeling framework in which WM is supported by persistent activity. Recently, this framework has been challenged by arguments that observed persistent activity may be an artifact of trial-averaging, which potentially masks high variability of delay activity at the single-trial level. In an alternative scenario, WM delay activity could be encoded in bursts of selective neuronal firing which occur intermittently across trials. However, this alternative proposal has not been tested on single-neuron spike-train data. Here, we developed a framework for addressing this issue by characterizing the trial-to-trial variability of neuronal spiking quantified by Fano factor (FF). By building a doubly stochastic Poisson spiking model, we first demonstrated that the burst-coding proposal implies a significant increase in FF positively correlated with firing rate, and thus loss of stability across trials during the delay. Simulation of spiking cortical circuit WM models further confirmed that FF is a sensitive measure that can well dissociate distinct WM mechanisms. We then tested these predictions on datasets of single-neuron recordings from macaque PFC during three WM tasks. In sharp contrast to the burst-coding model predictions, we only found a small fraction of neurons showing increased WM-dependent burstiness, and stability across trials during delay was strengthened in empirical data. Therefore, reduced trial-to-trial variability during delay provides strong constraints on the contribution of single-neuron intermittent bursting to WM maintenance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThere are diverging classes of theoretical models explaining how information is maintained in working memory by cortical circuits. In an influential model class, neurons exhibit persistent elevated memorandum-selective firing, whereas a recently developed class of burst-coding models suggests that persistent activity is an artifact of trial-averaging, and spiking is sparse in each single trial, subserved by brief intermittent bursts. However, this alternative picture has not been characterized or tested on empirical spike-train data. Here we combine mathematical analysis, computational model simulation, and experimental data analysis to test empirically these two classes of models and show that the trial-to-trial variability of empirical spike trains is not consistent with burst coding. These findings provide constraints for theoretical models of working memory.
What is known on physical activity intervention protocols for breast cancer treatment? A scoping review
Authors: Silveira Juliana , Bellani Lyra Vanessa , Boing Leonessa , Severo dos Santos Saraiva Patrícia , Coutinho de Azevedo Guimarães Adriana 
Published: September 2021

Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e caracterizar os protocolos de estudos de atividade física e / ou intervenção com exercícios físicos para o tratamento do câncer de mama. São destacados os tipos, freqüência, duração, intensidade e momento da intervenção terapêutica com atividade física, além de mostrar os resultados encontrados.
Métodos: Com base nas diretrizes do PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), foi realizada uma busca em cinco bases de dados ( Cochrane Library ; PubMed Central® ; ScienceDirect; Scopus Elsevier e Web of science ) Não houve restrição quanto ao idioma ou ano de publicação. Os estudos encontrados foram selecionados manualmente e com auxílio do software Rayyan por dois pesquisadores, de forma cega e independente. As seguintes palavras-chave foram utilizadas como estratégia de busca: 'câncer de mama' AND 'atividade física' OR 'exercício físico', AND 'protocolo de estudo' OU 'protocolo de estudo'.Os critérios de inclusão, os protocolos de estudo dos ensaios clínicos randomizados com intervenção de atividade física e / ou exercício físico em mulheres em tratamento para câncer de mama e no pós-tratamento.
Resultados: 806 artigos foram encontrados. Foram excluídas as duplicatas e as que não atendem aos critérios de inclusão, restando 17 artigos para a revisão. A ferramenta Cochrane Risk-of-Bias foi utilizada para a avaliação metodológica dos estudos classificados como 'baixo risco' de viés, que outro rigor metodológico. Destacaram-se exercícios aeróbicos, endurance, dança, Pilates, exercícios guiados por aplicativos e softwares de internet. Evidenciaram-se exercício de intensidade moderada, com frequência de três vezes por semana e duração de 30 minutos. A grande maioria das mulheres que participaram das medidas encontrava-se entre os estágios 0 e III da doença.Os protocolos de estudo aumentam no que diz respeito aos requisitos físicos, nível de atividade física, função cognitiva e composição corporal),
Discussão: Os protocolos de estudo são essenciais para dar transparência à pesquisa, o que facilita a reprodutibilidade e compreensão das ações e contribui para o avanço científico.
Impacto: esta análise de escopo fornece uma pesquisa que ajudará em pesquisas futuras sobre atividade física e / ou exercícios físicos para mulheres com câncer de mama.
Heterozygous Mutation of Vegfr3 Reduces Renal Lymphatics without Renal Dysfunction
Authors: Liu Hao , Hiremath Chitkale , Patterson Quinten , Vora Saumya , Shang Zhiguo , Jamieson Andrew R. , Fiolka Reto , Dean Kevin M. , Dellinger Michael T. , Marciano Denise K. 
Published: September 2021

Significance Statement
Defects in renal lymphatics occur in various kidney diseases, but the role of the lymphatics in maintaining kidney structure and function is unknown. We combine tissue clearing, light-sheet microscopy, and computational analysis to characterize lymphatics and find that mice with a heterozygous mutation in Vegfr3 (Vegfr3Chy/+
) have severely reduced renal lymphatics. Strikingly, these mice have indistinguishable renal function and histology compared with controls. Even after low-dose cisplatin injury, there are no differences in renal function, although Vegfr3Chy/+
mice developed more perivascular inflammation. Our data present a novel method of lymphatic quantification and suggest that a normal complement of renal lymphatics is not essential for renal structure and function at baseline or after mild injury.

Background
Lymphatic abnormalities are observed in several types of kidney disease, but the relationship between the renal lymphatic system and renal function is unclear. The discovery of lymphatic-specific proteins, advances in microscopy, and available genetic mouse models provide the tools to help elucidate the role of renal lymphatics in physiology and disease.

Methods
We utilized a mouse model containing a missense mutation in Vegfr3 (dubbed Chy) that abrogates its kinase ability. Vegfr3Chy/+
mice were examined for developmental abnormalities and kidney-specific outcomes. Control and Vegfr3Chy/+
mice were subjected to cisplatin-mediated injury. We characterized renal lymphatics using tissue-clearing, light-sheet microscopy, and computational analyses.

Results
In the kidney, VEGFR3 is expressed not only in lymphatic vessels but also, in various blood capillaries. Vegfr3Chy/+
mice had severely reduced renal lymphatics with 100% penetrance, but we found no abnormalities in BP, serum creatinine, BUN, albuminuria, and histology. There was no difference in the degree of renal injury after low-dose cisplatin (5 mg/kg), although Vegfr3Chy/+
mice developed perivascular inflammation. Cisplatin-treated controls had no difference in total cortical lymphatic volume and length but showed increased lymphatic density due to decreased cortical volume.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that VEGFR3 is required for development of renal lymphatics. Our studies reveal that reduced lymphatic density does not impair renal function at baseline and induces only modest histologic changes after mild injury. We introduce a novel quantification method to evaluate renal lymphatics in 3D and demonstrate that accurate measurement of lymphatic density in CKD requires assessment of changes to cortical volume.
Physiologic Regulation of Systemic Klotho Levels by Renal CaSR Signaling in Response to CaSR Ligands and pHo
Authors: Yoon Joonho , Liu Zhenan , Lee Eunyoung , Liu Liping , Ferre Silvia , Pastor Johanne , Zhang Jianning , Moe Orson W. , Chang Audrey N. , Miller R. Tyler 
Published: September 2021

Significance Statement
Soluble Klotho is produced in the kidney and its deficiency causes a premature aging phenotype that includes hyperphosphatemia, cardiac hypertrophy, accelerated vascular disease, endothelial dysfunction, and sarcopenia. The physiologic mechanisms that regulate soluble Klotho levels are undefined. Using molecular genetic and biochemical approaches, we show that the mouse distal convoluted tubule calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) activates the protease A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) to cleave membrane-bound Klotho, causing its shedding into the circulation in response to CaSR ligands, allosteric activators, and alkaline pH. The renal CaSR interacts with Klotho and responds to physiologic changes in pH in a manner similar to the parathyroid CaSR. The fact that the CaSR and Klotho localize in the plasma membrane and interact with ADAM10 suggests these proteins function in a complex.

Background
The kidney is the source of sKlotho and kidney-specific loss of Klotho leads to a phenotype resembling the premature multiorgan failure phenotype in Klotho-hypomorphic mice (kl/kl mice). Klotho and the Ca-sensing receptor (CaSR) are highly expressed in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). The physiologic mechanisms that regulate sKlotho levels are unknown.

Methods
We measured sKlotho in WT and tubule-specific CaSR−/− (TS-CaSR−/−) mice treated with calcimimetics, alkali, or acid, and Klotho shed from minced mouse kidneys, and from HEK-293 cells expressing the CaSR and Klotho, in response to calcimimetics, calcilytics, alkalotic and acidic pH, and ADAM protease inhibitors. The CaSR, Klotho, and ADAM10 were imaged in mouse kidneys and cell expression systems using confocal microscopy.

Results
The CaSR, Klotho, and ADAM10 colocalize on the basolateral membrane of the DCT. Calcimimetics and HCO3 increase serum sKlotho levels in WT but not in CaSR−/− mice, and acidic pH suppresses sKlotho levels in WT mice. In minced kidneys and cultured cells, CaSR activation with high Ca, calcimimetics, or alkali increase shed Klotho levels via ADAM10, as demonstrated using the ADAM10 inhibitor GI254023X and siRNA. In cultured cells, the CaSR, Klotho, and ADAM10 form cell surface aggregates that disperse after CaSR activation.

Conclusions
We identify a novel physiologic mechanism for regulation of sKlotho levels by the renal CaSR-ADAM10-Klotho pathway. We show that CaSR activators, including alkali, increase renal CaSR-stimulated Klotho shedding and predict that this mechanism is relevant to the effects of acidosis and alkali therapy on CKD progression.
Collapse of syringomyelitic cavities as a compensatory mechanism of syringomyelia course
Authors: Mendelevich E. G. , Bogdanov E. I. , Ibatullin M. M. 
Published: September 2021

The results of examination of 72 patients with clinical picture of syringomyelia using MRT are revealed. Images of spinal cord in sagittal and axial planes have been obtained. Deformity of cavity found in axial sections of 26 patients was considered as its spontaneous collapse.
When interpreting MRT picture drain communication between the cavity and subarachnoid space of spinal cord in 10 patients was supposed. Relation between the cavity diameter and duration of illness was determined. A decrease of cavity diameter during the long course of illness may be related to the cavity collapse, which is one of the possible compensatory mechanisms of syringomyelia course.