bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are small populations larger than they seem? Genetic insights into patchily distributed populations ofDrakaea glyptodon(Orchidaceae)
Authors: Trapnell Dorset W , Smallwood Patrick A , Dixon Kingsley W , Phillips Ryan D 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany orchids are characterized by small, patchily distributed populations. Resolving how they persist is important for understanding the ecology of this hyper-diverse family, many members of which are of conservation concern. Ten populations of the common terrestrial orchid Drakaea glyptodon from south-western Australia were genotyped with ten nuclear and five plastid simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Levels and partitioning of genetic variation and effective population sizes (Ne) were estimated. Spatial genetic structure of nuclear diversity, together with plastid data, were used to infer the effective number of seed parents per population. We found high genetic diversity, Ne values that generally exceed predictions based on the number of flowering individuals and moderate levels of gene flow. Two populations were founded by less than five colonists suggesting some populations are colonized by few seeds, with growth largely resulting from in situ recruitment. A value of 3.65 for mp /ms indicates that pollinators play a greater role than seed in introducing genetic diversity to populations via gene flow. Our results highlight that D. glyptodon is highly effective at persisting in patchily distributed populations. However, it is important to examine how insights from this common, widespread species transfer to species that are rare and/or occur in fragmented landscapes.
Transition to adulthood and transfer to adult care of adolescents with congenital heart disease: a global consensus statement of the ESC Association of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions (ACNAP), the ESC Working Group on Adult Congenital Heart Disease (WG ACHD), the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), the Pan-African Society of Cardiology (PASCAR), the Asia-Pacific Pediatric Cardiac Society (APPCS), the Inter-American Society of Cardiology (IASC), the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ), the International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ISACHD), the World Heart Federation (WHF), the European Congenital Heart Disease Organisation (ECHDO), and the Global Alliance for Rheumatic and Congenital Hearts (Global ARCH)
Authors: Moons Philip , Bratt Ewa-Lena , De Backer Julie , Goossens Eva , Hornung Tim , Tutarel Oktay , Zühlke Liesl , Araujo John Jairo , Callus Edward , Gabriel Harald , Shahid Nauman , Sliwa Karen , Verstappen Amy , Yang Hsiao-Ling , Thomet Corina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The vast majority of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) in high-income countries survive into adulthood. Further, paediatric cardiac services have expanded in middle-income countries. Both evolutions have resulted in an increasing number of CHD survivors. Expert care across the life span is necessitated. In adolescence, patients transition from being a dependent child to an independent adult. They are also advised to transfer from paediatrics to adult care. There is no universal consensus regarding how transitional care should be provided and how the transfer should be organized. This is even more challenging in countries with low resources. This consensus document describes issues and practices of transition and transfer of adolescents with CHD, accounting for different possibilities in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. Transitional care ought to be provided to all adolescents with CHD, taking into consideration the available resources. When reaching adulthood, patients ought to be transferred to adult care facilities/providers capable of managing their needs, and systems have to be in place to make sure that continuity of high-quality care is ensured after leaving paediatric cardiology.
Stress–strain characterization of seismic source fields using moment measures of mechanism complexity
Authors: Jordan Thomas H , Juarez Alan 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARYEarthquake ruptures and seismic sequences can be very complex, involving slip in various directions on surfaces of variable orientation. How is this geometrical complexity in seismic energy release, here called mechanism complexity, governed by tectonic stress? We address this question using a probabilistic model for the distribution of double couples that is consistent with three assumptions commonly used in regional stress inversions: the tectonic stress is constant, slip vectors are aligned with the maximum shear traction in the plane of slip, and higher shear traction promotes more seismic energy release. We characterize the moment-tensor field of a stress-aligned source process in terms of an ordered set of principal-stress directions, a stress shape factor R, and a strain-sensitivity parameter $\kappa $. The latter governs the dependence of the seismic moment density on the shear-traction magnitude and therefore parametrizes the seismic strain response to the driving stress. These stress–strain characterization (SSC) parameters can be determined from moment measures of mechanism complexity observed in large earthquakes and seismic sequences. The moment measures considered here are the ratio of the Aki moment to the total seismic moment and the five fractions of the total-moment defined by linear mappings of the moment-tensor field onto an orthonormal basis of five deviatoric mechanisms. We construct this basis to be stress-oriented by choosing its leading member to be the centroid moment tensor (CMT) mechanism and three others representing orthogonal rotations of the CMT mechanism. From the projections of the stress-aligned field onto this stress-oriented basis, we derive explicit expressions for the expected values of the moment-fraction integrals as functions of R and $\kappa $. We apply the SSC methodology to a 39-yr focal mechanism catalogue of the San Jacinto Fault (SJF) zone and to realizations from the Graves–Pitarka stochastic rupture model. The SJF data are consistent with the SSC model, and the recovered parameters, $R = {\rm{ }}0.45 \pm 0.050$ and $\kappa = {\rm{ }}5.7 \pm 1.75$, indicate moderate mechanism complexity. The parameters from the Graves–Pitarka realizations, $R = {\rm{\ }}0.49 \pm 0.005,{\rm{\ \ }}\kappa = {\rm{\ }}9.5 \pm 0.375,$ imply lower mechanism complexity than the SJF catalogue, and their moment measures show inconsistencies with the SSC model that can be explained by differences in the modelling assumptions.
Green’s function representations for Marchenko imaging without up/down decomposition
Authors: Wapenaar Kees , Snieder Roel , de Ridder Sjoerd , Slob Evert 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARY
Marchenko methods are based on integral representations which express Green’s functions for virtual sources and/or receivers in the subsurface in terms of the reflection response at the surface. An underlying assumption is that inside the medium the wave field can be decomposed into downgoing and upgoing waves and that evanescent waves can be neglected. We present a new derivation of Green’s function representations which circumvents these assumptions, both for the acoustic and the elastodynamic situation. These representations form the basis for research into new Marchenko methods which have the potential to handle refracted and evanescent waves and to more accurately image steeply dipping reflectors.
Identification of the GlialCAM interactome: the G protein-coupled receptors GPRC5B and GPR37L1 modulate megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy proteins
Authors: Alonso-Gardón Marta , Elorza-Vidal Xabier , Castellanos Aida , La Sala Gina , Armand-Ugon Mercedes , Gilbert Alice , Di Pietro Chiara , Pla-Casillanis Adrià , Ciruela Francisco , Gasull Xavier , Nunes Virginia , Martínez Albert , Schulte Uwe , Cohen-Salmon Martine , Marazziti Daniela , Estévez Raúl 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMegalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy with subcortical Cysts (MLC) is a type of vacuolating leukodystrophy, which is mainly caused by mutations in MLC1 or GLIALCAM. The two MLC-causing genes encode for membrane proteins of yet unknown function that have been linked to the regulation of different chloride channels such as the ClC-2 and VRAC. To gain insight into the role of MLC proteins, we have determined the brain GlialCAM interacting proteome. The proteome includes different transporters and ion channels known to be involved in the regulation of brain homeostasis, proteins related to adhesion or signaling as several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including the orphan GPRC5B and the proposed prosaposin receptor GPR37L1. Focusing on these two GPCRs, we could validate that they interact directly with MLC proteins. The inactivation of Gpr37l1 in mice upregulated MLC proteins without altering their localization. Conversely, a reduction of GPRC5B levels in primary astrocytes downregulated MLC proteins, leading to an impaired activation of ClC-2 and VRAC. The interaction between the GPCRs and MLC1 was dynamically regulated upon changes in the osmolarity or potassium concentration. We propose that GlialCAM and MLC1 associate with different integral membrane proteins modulating their functions and acting as a recruitment site for various signaling components as the GPCRs identified here. We hypothesized that the GlialCAM/MLC1 complex is working as an adhesion molecule coupled to a tetraspanin-like molecule performing regulatory effects through direct binding or influencing signal transduction events.
Is Intestinal Diversion an Effective Treatment for Distal Crohn’s Disease?
Authors: Lightner Amy L , Buhulaigah Hassan , Zaghiyan Karen , Holubar Stefan D , Steele Scott R , Jia Xue , McMichael John , Vaidya Prashansha , Fleshner Phillip R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Fecal diversion with an ileostomy is selectively used in cases of medically refractory Crohn’s proctocolitis or advanced perianal disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical improvement after fecal diversion in Crohn’s disease (CD) and factors associated with clinical improvement.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of adult CD patients undergoing ileostomy formation for distal disease between 2000 and 2019 at 2 CD referral centers was conducted. The primary outcome was the rate of clinical improvement with diversion that allowed for successful restoration of intestinal continuity. Secondary outcomes included the rate of clinical and endoscopic improvement after fecal diversion, ileostomy morbidity, need for subsequent total proctocolectomy and end ileostomy, and factors associated with a clinical response to fecal diversion.

Results
A total of 132 patients with a median age of 36 years (interquartile range, 25–49) were included. Mean duration of disease was 16.2 years (10.4) years. Indication for surgery was medically refractory proctocolitis with perianal disease (n = 59; 45%), perianal disease alone (n = 24; 18%), colitis (n = 37; 28%), proctitis (n = 4; 3%), proctocolitis alone (n = 4; 3%), and ileitis with perianal disease (n = 4; 3%). Medications used before surgery included corticosteroids (n = 59; 45%), immunomodulators (n = 55; 42%) and biologics (n = 82; 62%). The clinical and endoscopic response to diversion was 43.2% (n = 57) and 23.9% (n = 16). At a median follow-up of 35.3 months (interquartile range, 10.6–74.5), 25 patients (19%) had improved and had ileostomy reversal, but 86 (65%) did not improve, with 50 (38%) undergoing total proctocolectomy for persistent symptoms. There were no significant predictors of clinical improvement.

Conclusions
The use of a “temporary” ileostomy is largely ineffective in achieving clinical response.
Dual Phase-Shifted Ipsilateral Metachrony inAmericamysis bahia
Authors: Ruszczyk Melissa , Webster Donald R , Yen Jeannette 
Published: June 2021

SynopsiPreviously documented metachrony in euphausiids focused on one, five-paddle metachronal stroke, where contralateral pleopod pairs on the same abdominal segment beat in tandem with each other, propelling the animal forward. In contrast, the mysid shrimp Americamysis bahia’s pleopods on the same abdominal segment beat independently of each other, resulting in two, five-paddle metachronal cycles running ipsilaterally along the length of the body, 180° out of phase. The morphology, kinematics, and nondimensional measurements of efficiency are compared primarily with the one-cycle Euphausia superba to determine how the two-cycle approach alters the design and kinematics of metachrony. Pleopodal swimming in A. bahia results in only fast-forward swimming, with speeds greater than 2 BL/s (body lengths per second), and can reach speeds up to 12 BL/s, through a combination of increasing stroke amplitude, increasing beat frequency, and changing their inter-limb phase lag. Trends with Strouhal number and advance ratio suggest that the kinematics of metachrony in A. bahia are favored to achieve large normalized swimming speeds.
Risk-adjusted analysis of long-term outcomes after on- versus off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Deutsch Marcus-André , Zittermann Armin , Renner André , Schramm René , Götte Julia , Börgermann Jochen , Fox Henrik , Rojas Sebastian V , Gyoten Takayuki , Morshuis Michiel , Koster Andreas , Hulde Nikolai , Hinse Dennis , Hakim-Meibodi Kavous , Gummert Jan F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Recent data suggested that off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) may carry a higher risk for mortality in the long term when compared to on-pump coronary artery bypass (ONCAB). We, therefore, compared long-term survival and morbidity in patients undergoing ONCAB versus OPCAB in a large single-centre cohort.

METHODS
A total of 8981 patients undergoing isolated elective/urgent coronary artery bypass grafting between January 2009 and December 2019 were analysed. Patients were stratified into 2 groups (OPCAB n = 6649/ONCAB n = 2332). The primary end point was all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints included repeat revascularization, stroke and myocardial infarction. To adjust for potential selection bias, 1:1 nearest neighbour propensity score (PS) matching was performed resulting in 1857 matched pairs. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was applied in the entire study cohort using multivariable- and PS-adjusted Cox regression analysis.

RESULTS
In the PS-matched cohort, 10-year mortality was similar between study groups [OPCAB 36.4% vs ONCAB 35.8%: hazard ratio (HR) 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87–1.12; P = 0.84]. While 10-year outcomes of secondary endpoints did not differ significantly, risk of stroke (OPCAB 1.50% vs ONCAB 2.8%: HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32–0.83; P = 0.006) and mortality (OPCAB 3.1% vs ONCAB 4.8%: HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.47–0.91; P = 0.011) at 1 year was lower in the OPCAB group. In the multivariable- and the PS-adjusted model, mortality at 10 years was not significantly different (OPCAB 34.1% vs ONCAB 35.7%: HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.87–1.08; P = 0.59 and HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.90–1.13; P = 0.91, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
Data do not provide evidence that elective/urgent OPCAB is associated with significantly higher risks of mortality, repeat revascularization, or myocardial infarction during late follow-up when compared to ONCAB. Patients undergoing OPCAB may benefit from reduced risks of stroke and mortality within the first year postoperatively.
Emergency Politics After Globalization
Authors: Heupel Monika , Koenig-Archibugi Mathias , Kreuder-Sonnen Christian , Patberg Markus , Séville Astrid , Steffek Jens , White Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Exceptional times call for exceptional measures—this formula is all too familiar in the domestic setting. Governments have often played loose with their state's constitution in the name of warding off an urgent threat. But after decades of increasing interconnectedness and emerging transnational governance, today one sees new forms of emergency politics that are cross-border in range. From the European Union to the World Health Organization, from supranational institutions to state governments acting in concert, the logic of emergency is embraced in international contexts, with Covid-19 the latest occasion. This Forum offers an entry-point into this emerging phenomenon. Taking as its point of departure two recent books, it examines the origins, forms, effects and normative stakes of emergency politics beyond the state. Among the matters discussed are the concept of emergency politics, the historical context of its contemporary forms, the patterns of decision-making associated with it, the implications for the legitimacy of transnational institutions, and the constitutional and political ways in which it might be contained. Transnational emergency politics seems likely to remain a central feature of the coming years, and our aim is to further its study in international relations.
Effect of arginine supplementation on the morphology and function of intestinal epithelia and serum concentrations of amino acids in pigs exposed to heat stress
Authors: Morales Adriana , González Fernanda , Bernal Hugo , Camacho Reyna L , Arce Néstor , Vásquez Nydia , González-Vega Jolie C , Htoo John K , Viana María T , Cervantes Miguel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The exposure of pigs to heat stress (HS) appears to damage their intestinal epithelia, affecting the absorption of amino acids (AAs). Arg is involved in the restoration of intestinal epithelial cells but HS reduces Arg intake. The effect of dietary supplementation with Arg on the morphology of intestinal epithelia, AA transporter gene expression, and serum concentration (SC) of free AAs in HS pigs was analyzed. Twenty pigs (25.3 ± 2.4 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments: Control (0.81% Arg), wheat–soybean meal diet supplemented with l-Lys, l-Thr, dl-Met, and l-Trp, and the experimental diet where 0.16% free l-Arg was supplemented to a similar Control diet (+Arg). All pigs were individually housed and exposed to HS, fed ad libitum with full access to water. The ambient temperature (AT), recorded at 15-min intervals during the 21-d trial, ranged on average from 29.6 to 39.4 °C within the same day. Blood samples were collected on day 18 at 1600 hours (AT peak); serum was separated by centrifugation. At the end of the trial, five pigs per treatment were sacrificed to collect samples of mucosa scratched from each small intestine segment. The expression of AA transporters in intestinal mucosa and the SC of AAs were analyzed. Villi height (VH) was higher (P &lt; 0.01) in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum but the crypt depth did not differ between the Control and the +Arg pigs. Supplementation of l-Arg increased the mRNA coding for the synthesis of the cationic AA transporter b0,+ (P &lt; 0.01) and the neutral AA transporter B0 (P &lt; 0.05) in the duodenum by approximately 5-fold and 3-fold, respectively, but no effect on mRNA abundance was observed in the jejunum and ileum. The supplementation of l-Arg increased serum Arg, His, Met, Thr, Trp, and urea (P &lt; 0.05) and also tended to increase Val (P &lt; 0.10) but did not affect Ile, Lys, Leu, and Phe. These results indicate that supplementing 0.16% l-Arg to the Control diet may help to improve the function of the small intestine epithelium, by increasing the VH, the abundance of AA transporters, and the SC of most indispensable AAs in pigs exposed to HS conditions. However, the lack of effect of supplemental Arg on both Lys SC and weight gain of pigs suggests that increasing the Lys content in the +Arg diet might be needed to improve the performance of HS pigs.
In-Field Evaluation of Drone-Released Lacewings for Aphid Control in California Organic Lettuce
Authors: Del Pozo-Valdivia Alejandro I , Morgan Eric , Bennett Chandler 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aphids are one of the most economically important pests to California’s Central Coast lettuce industry. Aphids vector the lettuce mosaic virus and are crop contaminants in the packaging of the product. Lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the predominant aphid species in lettuce, and it poses unique management challenges forming colonies inside the lettuce head. Current management practices rely on repeated foliar insecticide applications to reduce aphid densities per plant. Some organic growers have explored the release of laboratory-reared beneficial insects to manage aphids in their commercial fields. This project sought to document the effects of drone-released lacewing eggs on lettuce aphid densities in organic romaine lettuce fields. Commercially reared lacewing eggs were released at a rate of 74,131 eggs/ha and organic-certified insecticides were sprayed following their respective label recommendations. Our results could be interpreted as preliminary evidence that drone release of lacewings could reduce aphid densities (15.6–150.0 aphids/lettuce head) when compared to the untreated plots (32.1–257.9 aphids/lettuce head). Aphid densities were also decreased after the application of foliar organic-certified insecticides (11.77–143.5). Traditionally, the cost of labor has limited the use of beneficials in the lettuce production system, but the use of drones for these releases may make this strategy more attractive. Based on our calculations, spraying an organic-certified insecticide is less expensive (direct operational costs of U.S. $ 116.36/ha) than releasing beneficial insects by hand ($ 185.40) or by drone ($ 176.00) when mimicking the conditions of this study.
The eclipsing binary systems with δ Scuti component – I. KIC 10661783
Authors: Miszuda A , Szewczuk W , Daszyńska-Daszkiewicz J 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a comprehensive study of the eclipsing binary system KIC 10661783. The analysis of the whole Kepler light curve, corrected for the binary effects, reveals a rich oscillation spectrum with 590 significant frequency peaks, 207 of which are independent. In addition to typical δ Scuti (δ Sct) frequencies, we find small-amplitude signals in the low-frequency range that, most probably, are a manifestation of gravity-mode pulsations. We perform binary-evolution computations for this system in order to find an acceptable model describing its current stage. Our models show that the binary KIC 10661783 was formed by a rapid, almost conservative, mass transfer that heavily affected the evolution of both components in the past. One of the most important effects of binary evolution is the enormous enrichment of the outer layers of the main component with helium. This fact profoundly influences the pulsational properties of δ Sct star models. For the first time, we demonstrate the effect of binary evolution on pulsational instability. We construct pulsational models of the main component in order to account for the mode instability of the observed frequencies. Whereas the single-star evolution model is pulsational stable in the whole frequency range, its binary-evolution counterpart has unstable modes in both high- and low-frequency ranges. However, to obtain instability in almost a whole range of the observed frequencies, the modification of the mean opacity at the depth corresponding to temperatures log T = 4.69 K and log T = 5.06 K was necessary.