bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFYING OPTIMUM GLAZING PROPERTY FOR CONSERVING ENERGY IN HOT SEMI-ARID CLIMATE REGIONS
Authors: Altaf Madeeha , Hill Frances 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Globally, the building sector is responsible for 40% of energy use and 30% of GHG emissions. The greatest portion of the energy is used during the operational phase (use stage) of buildings. The building envelope, especially the glazed components, plays an important role in determining the energy requirement of buildings. These glazed parts of the building envelope exposed to direct solar radiation are most vulnerable to heat loss and gain. Heat loss and gain through the glazing material depend on glazing properties (U-value, SHGC, VT) and building energy use changes according to the properties of the glazing system. A variety of glazing types has been developed over recent decades that use the properties of the glass as a means of responding to environmental conditions. This study is carried out to identify the optimum glazing property for conserving energy in cooling dominant regions using an early design energy modeling tool. It was found that a low SHGC is the most important glazing property for reducing cooling energy consumption. SHGC of less than 0.3 is found useful. This study would help building industry professionals evaluate the best glazing property while selecting the glazing type.
Les lettres dans l’hagiographie médiolatine (ixe-xiie siècle)
Authors: Isaïa Marie-Céline 
Published: February 2021

Les lettres que certains hagiographes intègrent dans leurs Vitae entre le ixe et le xiie siècle peuvent jouer le rôle de documents probatoires, au même titre que d’autres actes (diplômes, testaments, bulles). L’auteur les utilise, de bonne ou de mauvaise foi, comme les garanties d’un discours hagiographique qui place au premier plan de ses buts une écriture véridique de l’histoire. Néanmoins, les lettres se distinguent de tous les autres actes insérés dans les Vitae à cause d’une parenté générique entre écriture hagiographique et écriture épistolaire : l’une et l’autre prétendent conserver vivante la voix de l’absent ; bien des Vitae sont présentées comme un élément au sein du dialogue épistolaire plus large qui unit l’hagiographe et les familiers du saint, commanditaires et/ou récipiendaires de sa Vie. À partir du xie siècle, le projet historiographique qui faisait de la lettre une preuve semble devenir moins important que le projet spirituel qui voit dans la lettre un témoignage sincère ou un vivant souvenir.
Lion irez, lion mariz : une interprétation nouvelle d’un passage difficile du Bestiaire de Philippe de Thaon
Authors: Capelli Roberta 
Published: February 2021

L’article propose une interprétation nouvelle d’un passage du Bestiaire de Philippe de Thaon, en s’appuyant sur l’identification d’un lexème difficilior, déformé dans les manuscrits connus. Dans le premier chapitre du Bestiaire, consacré au lion, on dit que l’animal se peint avec ses pieds, ce qui a été interprété comme l’action de (se) pendre < pendēre « se suspendre, s’accrocher à quelque chose », ou de (se) peindre < pingĕre « se représenter, se figurer ». La reconstruction conjecturale que l’on propose ici se fonde sur une forme originale sēpeint/sēpeinst, de s’enpeindre/s’empeindre < impingĕre « se précipiter, se pousser en avant » : le passage décrirait donc un lion rampant qui se cabre, lorsqu’il est irez, et un lion tapi contre terre, lorsqu’il est mariz. Cette hypothèse aboutit aussi à une conclusion importante à propos de la non-authenticité auctoriale des didascalies en latin qui ne figurent pas dans le manuscrit de base et qui ont dû être ajoutées postérieurement, à un niveau plus bas du stemma.
Civilisation médiévale et discontinuités rationnelles (Pensées théologiques et Pensée sauvage)
Authors: Vincensini Jean-Jacques 
Published: February 2021

Certaines narrations médiévales, animées par « la pensée sauvage » expliquent le monde en s’appuyant sur un substrat mythique et folklorique étranger à la culture chrétienne de référence. Les rapports entre les notions de civilisation, de culture(s) et de rationalités éclaireront l’opposition entre le caractère « primitif » de cette culture folklorique et le « rationalisme » de la culture savante des clercs, aussi ecclésiastiques fussent-ils. Cette culture est loin de composer un ensemble cohérent. D’où les observations consacrées au « Choc de deux mentalités, naturalistes contre herméneutes ». Un exemple illustratif, le récit arthurien du xiiie siècle écrit en latin, la Narratio de Arthuro Rege Britanniae, montrera comment les fictions médiévales, riches de motifs merveilleux et soupçonnées de mensonges, posent et répondent à des questions profondes. Quel sens ce récit latin donne-t-il à la réussite de la quête du roi Arthur : découvrir le secret de l’esprit et du génie des femmes ?
La « visibilité des circuits courts » comme ressource commune
Authors: Guiraud Noé , Rouchier Juliette 
Published: February 2021

Le conseil régional de Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (Paca) a décidé, en décembre 2010, de créer l’Observatoire régional des circuits courts (ORCC), dans le but affiché d’accompagner l’essor de ces circuits alimentaires émergents. Cet observatoire devait à la fois permettre une meilleure connaissance du phénomène “circuits courts” et l’institution d’une gouvernance régionale à leur sujet. Mis en œuvre selon une logique descendante (« top-down »), l’observatoire a permis d’instaurer une importante proximité entre les membres, qui ont fini par élaborer une gouvernance horizontale, dépassant des antagonismes politiques initiaux assez forts. En analysant l’histoire de cette institution complexe, il est possible d’identifier les conflits successifs qui l’ont caractérisée durant ses cinq années d’existence et leurs méthodes de résolution. Si l’on se réfère au cadre d’analyse IAD (Institutional Analysis and Development) d’Elinor Ostrom (2010), il apparaît que les conflits étaient principalement liés à un dilemme social autour de la ressource “visibilité” - qui se déclinait individuellement mais aussi collectivement – et que les règles ont été élaborées pour définir l’appropriation et l’usage de cette ressource par les acteurs. On peut considérer que la construction incrémentale de cet ’ensemble de règles a permis de constituer une institution assez « complète » au sens de l’IAD, mais dont on pouvait également percevoir les fragilités, liées à l’ambiguïté de l’acteur conseil régional – tout à la fois promoteur et financeur. Elles se sont d’ailleurs confirmées lors d’un changement de majorité du conseil régional.
Prevailing Role of Mucosal Igs and B Cells in Teleost Skin Immune Responses to Bacterial Infection
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Ting , Yu Yong-Yao , Xu Hao-Yue , Huang Zhen-Yu , Liu Xia , Cao Jia-Feng , Meng Kai-Feng , Wu Zheng-Ben , Han Guang-Kun , Zhan Meng-Ting , Ding Li-Guo , Kong Wei-Guang , Li Nan , Takizawa Fumio , Sunyer J. Oriol , Xu Zhen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The skin of vertebrates is the outermost organ of the body and serves as the first line of defense against external aggressions. In contrast to mammalian skin, that of teleost fish lacks keratinization and has evolved to operate as a mucosal surface containing a skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT). Thus far, IgT representing the prevalent Ig in SALT have only been reported upon infection with a parasite. However, very little is known about the types of B cells and Igs responding to bacterial infection in the teleost skin mucosa, as well as the inductive or effector role of the SALT in such responses. To address these questions, in this study, we analyzed the immune response of trout skin upon infection with one of the most widespread fish skin bacterial pathogens, Flavobacterium columnare. This pathogen induced strong skin innate immune and inflammatory responses at the initial phases of infection. More critically, we found that the skin mucus of fish having survived the infection contained significant IgT- but not IgM- or IgD-specific titers against the bacteria. Moreover, we demonstrate the local proliferation and production of IgT+ B cells and specific IgT titers, respectively, within the SALT upon bacterial infection. Thus, our findings represent the first demonstration that IgT is the main Ig isotype induced by the skin mucosa upon bacterial infection and that, because of the large surface of the skin, its SALT probably represents a prominent IgT-inductive site in fish.
Outcome of Restricted Antibiotic Policy in a Tertiary-Level Paediatric Surgical Unit
Authors: Basavaraju Mamatha , Alladi Anand , Vepakomma Deepti 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
The purpose was to evaluate the effect of a more restrictive antibiotic policy on infective complications, mainly surgical-site infection (SSI) in clean and clean contaminated surgeries in children.

Materials and Methods:
The study included children who underwent clean or clean contaminated surgeries over a period of 18 months with a no-antibiotic or single dose of pre-operative antibiotic protocol, respectively. These were compared to historical controls in previous 18 months where the antibiotic policy was to continue the course for 3–5 days. The outcome looked for was presence of SSI or infection related to the operated organ.

Results:
A total of 933 (study group) patients were compared to 676 historic controls (control group). In the study group, 661 of 933 were clean surgeries and 272 were clean contaminated surgeries. In the study group, 490 of the 676 were clean surgeries and 186 were clean contaminated surgeries. Clean contaminated surgeries included urological surgeries, gastrointestinal tract surgeries and neurosurgeries, whereas clean surgeries were typically day-care surgeries. Comparing the infective outcomes in each type of surgery, there was no statistical difference between cases or controls in either subgroup.

Conclusion:
Antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) is not required for clean surgeries. For clean contaminated surgeries, just one dose of pre-operative AP is effective in preventing SSI.
Congenital Pouch Colon
Authors: Tripathy Prasanta Kumar , Jena Pradeep Kumar , Mohanty Hiranya Kishor 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Congenital pouch colon (CPC) is an unusual anomaly with an unique geographical distribution. The aim of this study was to find out the incidence of CPC among anorectal malformation (ARM) cases in our institute and to compare the outcome between conventional three-staged surgery versus two-staged management approach.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted in the department of pediatric surgery over a period of 7 years from 1st April 2013 to 31st March 2020.

Results:
Out of 754 cases of ARMs, 43 cases of CPC were detected. The incidence of pouch colon among patients with high ARMs was found to be 7.6% with a male predominance (M:F = 4.4:1). The anomaly was diagnosed in 72% of our patients preoperatively and Type IV variety was the most common intra-operative finding. The survival after initial hospitalisation was 82% and 88% in three-stage and two-stage surgical procedures, respectively. However, the final clinical outcome after the completion of all stages of surgery and follow-up was better in two-staged approach (54% vs. 47%).

Conclusion:
Although, CPC is a rare anomaly, the incidence in our institute is 7.6% among high ARM cases. As compared to conventional three-staged surgery, the two-staged management approach has the advantage of better survival and decreased morbidity.
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Neonates
Authors: Bawazir Osama Abdullah , Bawazir Abdullah 
Published: February 2021

Background:
There are no standard criteria to select patients for thoracoscopic repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The objective of this study was to compare open laparotomy versus thoracoscopic repair of CDH in neonates.

Patients and Methods:
This retrospective study included 41 patients who had repair of CDH from 2011 to 2019. Patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical approach; open laparotomy (n = 30) and thoracoscopic repair (n = 11). Study endpoints were duration of post-operative mechanical ventilation, hospital stay and the return to full enteral feeding.

Results:
Patients who had thoracoscopic repair were significantly younger (3 [25th- 75th percentiles: 3-3] vs. 4 [3–5] days; P = 0.004). Other pre-operative variables were comparable between both groups. The duration of surgery was significantly longer in the thoracoscopic repair (174 [153–186] vs. 91 (84–99) min; P < 0.001). The use of pre-operative nitrous oxide inhalation was associated with prolonged ventilation (P = 0.004), while the thoracoscopic repair was associated with shorter mechanical ventilation (P = 0.006). Hospital stay is lower in the thoracoscopic approach but did not reach a significant value (P = 0.059). The use of pre-operative nitrous oxide was associated with a prolonged hospital stay (P = 0.002). Younger age (HR: 1.33, P = 0.014) and open approach (HR: 3.56, P = 0.004) were significantly associated with delayed feeding.

Conclusions:
The thoracoscopic approach is safe and effective for repairing the CDH. It is associated with shorter mechanical ventilation and rapid return to enteral feeding. Proper patient selection is essential to achieve good outcomes.
Resuming Elective Paediatric Surgical Procedures in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Al-Omar Khaled , Bakkar Sohail 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The novel coronavirus and the disease it causes COVID-19, like other viral outbreaks, have an unpredictable timeline. Therefore, a triumph in the battle against COVID-19 could only be achieved if a health care system's capacity to support a potentially overwhelming increase in critical patient care needs is maintained, and the viral curve is flattened. Accordingly, health care bodies around the globe called upon prioritising appropriate resource allocation as it relates to elective invasive procedures and minimising the use of essential items required to care for patients. The unpredictability COVID-19 timeline in the absence of effective drug treatments and vaccination along with the restrictive health care policies implemented suggest that patients may be deprived of access to needed surgical care, likely for many months. However, the potential undue delay in delivering essential elective surgical care may have a more detrimental impact on patients’ health compared to that of COVID-19 itself. This particularly applies to the paediatric population in which infection rates have been demonstrated to be considerably lower and mortalities have not been reported yet. Therefore, the need emerges for actions to be taken that allow for the resumption of essential elective surgical procedures in this population of patients.

Materials and Methods:
A comprehensive search through surgical guidance and recommendations to develop a set of evidence based recommendations that allow for the safe and timely delivery of essential paediatric surgical care during the time of COVID-19.

Conclusion:
No compelling evidence that the paediatric population is at an increased risk of morbidity or mortality exists. Therefore, delaying essential paediatric surgical care cannot be justified as it may have a potentially negative health impact, and continuous refinements of surgical recommendations are encouraged in view of evolving circumstances.
Working in the Mirror
Authors: Roy Mahua , Gangopadhyay Debasree , Patel Pavan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This case series comprises of five children having dextrocardia with congenital heart disease who underwent percutaneous interventional procedures. Four of them underwent percutaneous device closure and one had percutaneous balloon coarctoplasty. There are a few reports of percutaneous coronary intervention in adults with dextrocardia, however barring a few isolated case reports, literature on intervention in children with dextrocardia is limited?.
Prevalence of Sports Injury and Its Association with Warm-Up in Males Visiting the Fitness Centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alaqil Sultan , Alzahrani Adel , Alahmari Saud , Alqarni Faisal , Alqahtani Saeed , Kazi Ambreen 
Published: February 2021

Background and Objective:
Regular exercise has a positive effect on the well-being of individuals; however, improper utilization of exercise facilities may result in sports/exercise-related injuries leading to increased burden on the health system. The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of sports injury and explore its association with warm-up in males visiting the fitness center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 521 males, while they were visiting the fitness/sports center in Riyadh city. The interviews comprised of questions on sociodemographic information, sports/exercise-related injury, warm-up, and its type and duration, medical history, smoking status, height, and weight of the participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to measure the association between sports injury and warm-up.

Results:
The mean age and body mass index (BMI) of the participants was 24.0 (±6.7) years and 25.8 (±5.8) kg/m2, respectively. Regular exercise was reported by 63% (n = 330) of the participants, whereas 43.4% (n = 228) mentioned some kind of sports/exercise-related injury during the last 1 year. Regualr warm-up was reported by 45% (n = 236) of the participants. The multivariate logistic regression analysis found no significant association between sports injury and warm up [0.73 (0.41, 1.31)]; and the age category 31–50 years had 2.06 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–3.69) times higher odds for the injury in comparison to younger ages (16–25 years). Low income group (<5000 SAR) had odds of 2.04 (95% CI: 1.28–3.24) in comparison to >10,000 SAR. The participants following the diet plan for weight loss also showed higher odds (1.61 [95% CI: 1.06–2.43]) for reporting sports injury in comparison to those without diet plan. The association was adjusted for BMI.

Conclusions:
Prevalence of exercise/sports-related injury among fitness club visitors is significantly high. Awareness about sports injury and proper gym training should focus on young adults visiting the fitness center with the purpose of weight loss.
Remote-Controlled and Pulse Pressure–Guided Fluid Treatment for Adult Patients with Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
Authors: Schultz Marcus J. , Deen Jacqueline , von Seidlein Lorenz , Sivakorn Chaisith , Kumar Alex , Adhikari Neill K. J. , Wills Bridget , Kekulé Alexander S. , Day Nicholas P. J. , Cooper Ben , White Nicholas J. , Salam Alex P. , Horby Peter , Olliaro Piero , Dondorp Arjen M. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTCirculatory shock, caused by severe intravascular volume depletion resulting from gastrointestinal losses and profound capillary leak, is a common clinical feature of viral hemorrhagic fevers, including Ebola virus disease, Marburg hemorrhagic fever, and Lassa fever. These conditions are associated with high case fatality rates, and they carry a significant risk of infection for treating personnel. Optimized fluid therapy is the cornerstone of management of these diseases, but there are few data on the extent of fluid losses and the severity of the capillary leak in patients with VHFs, and no specific guidelines for fluid resuscitation and hemodynamic monitoring exist. We propose an innovative approach for monitoring VHF patients, in particular suited for low-resource settings, facilitating optimizing fluid therapy through remote-controlled and pulse pressure–guided fluid resuscitation. This strategy would increase the capacity for adequate supportive care, while decreasing the risk for virus transmission to health personnel.
INTERACTION EFFECTS BETWEEN WATER HARVESTING TECHNIQUES AND SPACING ON GRAIN YIELD AND ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS OF COWPEA
Authors: Galwab Armara Macimiliam , Kamau Prof. Peter 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction effects between water harvesting techniques and spacing on grain yield and above ground biomass of cowpea.Methodology: A randomized complete block design was used. Field experiments were conducted. The study was conducted at Agriculture demonstration farm (Dakabaricha) and Yayo’s farm(Nagayo) and a private farm Demo farm. There were 18 treatment combinations consisting of three water harvesting techniques and two intra-row spacing.Results: The use of tied ridges (W3/S2) as the first and open ridges (W2/S1) as the second efficient techniques of water harvesting for this specific condition (Arid and semi-arid). In line with the above ground biomass, tied ridges with a spacing of 60 x 20cm planting could be safely recommended as the first and effective type of water harvesting techniques for use as a means of soil and water conservation for rain-fed cowpea under the prevailing conditions. The results of the study also showed that water harvesting techniques had a significant effect on the growth and yield of cowpea (Katumani K80).Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Farmers are encourage to give more emphasis to water harvesting techniques in situ and drought tolerant crops (DTC) which are high yielding in order to bost the economic of the resource poor residence in the area through capacity building. An assessment of adaptation of more cowpea genotypes at different environments across years is recommended. The investigation provided sufficiently evidence to continue with further studies.
DETERMINANTS OF SUCCESSFUL PROJECT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE OF ROADS PROJECTS AT KENYA NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY
Authors: Wanjira Kellen , Ngari Dr. Christine 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The study aims at investigating the determinants of successful project management practices on performance of roads projects at Kenya National Highways Authority. This study was limited to four variables, which include project monitoring, management support, Project team, and Project funding.Methodology: The study employed a descriptive research design. The target population included the top project management team of KeNHA, Monitoring Officers of KeNHA, Project Engineers (PEs), financial officers and auditors, Consultants and Contractors in the entire structure of KeNHA totaling to 174. The study employed stratified random sampling technique to acquire a sample size of 87. The study collected both quantitative and qualitative data through the use of a organized survey of questionnaire. Data was presented in the form of frequency distribution tables, graphs and pie charts that facilitates description and explanation of the study findings. Results: The study findings revealed that project monitoring, management support, Project team competency and Project funding influence performance of roads projects at KeNHA. The results of findings indicates that a unit increase in project monitoring, management support Project team competency and Project funding leads to 0.873, 0.581, 0.713 and 0.289 increase in performance of roads projects at KeNHA respectively. The study concluded that Project Funds greatly influence road Project Completion. Recommendations: The study recommends that management should provide the necessary provision to the practical and operating workers in the development of road project operations for real and practical success of objectives. Highly qualified and experienced management support with a relevant experience and technical skills should be hired to implement road projects. This will enable the Kenya government get value for their money, achieve on-time projects completion and save huge costs.