bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Právně ekonomické aspekty kritéria právního státu jako podmínky pro přidělení prostředků z rozpočtu EU
Authors: Čejková Tereza 
Published: November 2021

After expressing concerns about the state of democracy and civil rights in Poland and Germany in recent years, the European Commission proposed to implement the so-called rule of law condition in the 2021–2027 multiannual financial framework scheme, under which EU budget funding would not be allocated to those Member States which do not comply with the condition. This work will examine the financial and legal aspects of this condition and assess the impact of its application on the economy of the European Union.
Dopady na státní rozpočet v souvislosti s aplikací finančních oprav u evropských dotací
Authors: Vuongová Andrea 
Published: November 2021

As part of the protection of the European Union budget, European legislation sets out corrective mechanisms in cases where the funds provided have not been used in accordance with the intended purpose and rules. At the national level, there are a number of ways, as well as a number of obstacles, to returning funds to which a financial correction has been applied back to the state budget. The institute of budgetary discipline breach plays a key function for the return of unjustly used funds to the state budget. There is a difference between the funds that have not been reimbursed from the European Union due to the application of the correction and the funds recovered at the national level, this difference is a burden for the state budget. This paper will describe the circumstances of this difference, its causes and possible solutions.
Designing Myeloid Gene Panels
Authors: Zhao Fang , Bosler David S. , Cook James R. 
Published: November 2021

Context.—
Next-generation sequencing studies are increasingly used in the evaluation of suspected chronic myeloid neoplasms (CMNs), but there is wide variability among laboratories in the genes analyzed for this purpose. Recently, the Association for Molecular Pathology CMN working group recommended a core 34-gene set as a minimum target list for evaluation of CMNs. This list was recommended based on literature review, and its diagnostic yield in clinical practice is unknown.

Objective.—
To determine the diagnostic yield of the core 34 genes and assess the potential impact of including selected additional genes.

Design.—
We retrospectively reviewed 185 patients with known or suspected CMNs tested using a 62-gene next-generation sequencing panel that included all 34 core genes.

Results.—
The Association for Molecular Pathology's core 34 genes had a diagnostic yield of 158 of 185 (85.4%) to detect at least 1 variant with strong/potential clinical significance and 107 of 185 (57.8%) to detect at least 2 such variants. The 62-gene panel had a diagnostic yield of 160 of 185 (86.5%) and 112 of 185 (60.5%), respectively. Variants of unknown significance were identified in 49 of 185 (26.5%) using the core 34 genes versus 76 of 185 (41.1%) using the 62-gene panel.

Conclusions.—
This study demonstrates that the Association for Molecular Pathology–recommended core 34-gene set has a high diagnostic yield in CMNs. Inclusion of selected additional genes slightly increases the rate of abnormal results, while also increasing the detection of variants of unknown significance. We recommend inclusion of CUX1, DDX41, ETNK1, RIT1, and SUZ12 in addition to the Association for Molecular Pathology's 34-gene core set for routine evaluation of CMNs.
Construction of an AI-2 quorum sensing induced heterologous protein expression system in Escherichia coli
Authors: Shang Fei , Wang Hui , Zhang Dan , Wang Wenhui , Yu Jiangliu , Xue Ting 
Published: November 2021

Background
The pET expression system based on T7 promoter which is induced by isopropyl-β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) is by far the most commonly used system for production of heterogeneous proteins in Escherichia coli. However, this system was limited by obvious drawbacks including the host toxicity and metabolic burden imposed by the presence of IPTG.

Methods
In this study, we incorporated the autoinducer-2 (AI-2) quorum sensing system to realize autoinduction of the pET expression system. The autoinduction expression vector pXWZ1 was constructed by inserting the lsr promoter regions into the pET28a(+) vector. The expression efficiency of the reporter genes gfpuv and lacZ by the pXWZ1 and pET28a(+) vectors were compared.

Results
The results showed that the expression levels of the both report genes in the cells transformed with pXWZ1 without any addition of exogenous inducer were higher than that transformed with pET28a(+) vectors by the induction of IPTG.

Conclusion
This new auto-induction system will exclude the limitations of the IPTG induction including toxic to host and increasing formation of inclusion body and will become a more economical and convenient tool for recombinant protein expression.
Efficacy of Selected Bio-Agents and Neem Cake on Cercospora Leaf Spot and Growth of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: Kumar Reddy Narreddula Nijesh , Simon Sobita , A. Lal Abhilasha 
Published: November 2021

Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) is a vital pulse crop globally and one of the most vital pulse in India. It is understood to be affected by many varieties of diseases, Cercospora leaf spot is certainly considered one among them. Cercospora leaf spot due to Cercospora canescens causes much damage to the production of black gram. The neem cake, Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Carbendazim were tested under field conditions during Rabi 2020-2021 for their efficacy against the disease and growth and yield parameters. A survey was conducted during Rabi, 2020-2021 to know the severity of Cercospora leaf spot of black gram in farmer’s fields in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh. In-situ (field) experiment was carried out in randomized block design with five treatments and three replications. The highest plant height at 60 DAS (56.96 cm), fresh weight (35.59 gm), dry weight (14.98 gm), number of pods per plant (18.17 pods/plant), yield (7.96 q/ha) and Benefit Cost ratio (1:3.48) showing better result when treated with treatment neem cake @ 0.5 t/ha + Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 kg/ha. The treatment T1 – neem cake @ 0.5 t/ha + Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 kg/ha significantly decreased the disease intensity at 30, 45 and 60 DAS (10.02%), (12.02%) and (16.42%) respectively. It is concluded that T1 – neem cake @ 0.5 t/ha + Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 kg/ha found superior in all the growth and yield parameters.
Bilateral Hydronephrosis with Grade 3 To 4 Vesicoureteral Reflux
Authors: Wanjari Mayur B. , Rodge Hina , Mendhe Deeplata , Wankhede Pratibha , Late Sampada 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Bilateral hydronephrosis is the enlargement of the parts of the kidney that collect urine. Bilateral means both sides. Bilateral hydronephrosis occurs when urine is unable to drain from the kidney into the bladder. Hydronephrosis is not itself a disease. It occurs as a result of a problem that prevents urine from draining out of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. VUR grade 3 is similar to grade 2 where urine travels up the ureter and enters the part of the kidney where urine is collected before it drains to the ureter (renal pelvis). However, in grade 3 the ureters and renal pelvis appear abnormal in size or shape.
Case Presentation: A 3 Years old female child is a known case of bilateral vesicoureteric reflex with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis with the developmental delay with sickle cell anemia came to the hospital for further management. As narrated by mother-child was apparently alright till 6 months of age after the child developed excessive passing of urine and in increased more times.
Conclusion: After taking treatment for the bilateral vesicoureteric reflex with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis patient was hemodynamically stable hence the patient is being discharged.
Histopathological Effect of Emzolyn Codein Cough Syrup on Lungs and Its Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
Authors: Okorie Nnaemeka , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Nnamani Adaobi Doris , Ude Ugomma Agwu , Agada Uchechukwu Nelson , Obi Ihuoma A. , Ibiam Gideon Ama 
Published: November 2021

Despite the dangers associated with the increased use of codeine drugs, limited researches have addressed the specific effects of emzolyn codeine on the lung. The aim of this study was to assess the histological effects of emzolyn codeine cough syrup on the lung of Wistar rats and its oxidative stress. Twenty one (21) Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups labeled T1, T2 and T3. Group T1 served as control and was given distilled water and diet for 42 days, group T2 was treated with 0.1 mg/g bodyweight emzolyn codeine cough syrup for 21 days while group T3 was treated with 0.1 mg/g bodyweight emzolyn codeine cough syrup for 42 days. At the end of the duration, the wistar rats were sacrificed under anaesthesia and the lungs were collected after dissection and transferred into 10% buffered formalin. Sections of the lungs were obtained and processed for histological studies using Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, Periodic acid Schiff’s solution, Phosphotungstic acid Haematoxylin stain and Methanamine Silver stains. Results from the study suggested that acute and chronic exposure to emzolyn codeine cough syrup produced significant (P<0.05) decrease in body weight, edematous aveolar space with marked type 11 pneumocyte, marked hypertrophy (H) of the septa and marked inflammatory cells. The levels of total antioxidant status (TAS) was also determined using standard spectrophotometric techniques. The mean MDA of the exposed groups were significantly higher while the mean levels of SOD, GPx, CAT, and GSH were significantly lower than the control group. In conclusion, this study confirmed the risk of increased oxidative stress, pulmonary toxicity and decreased body weight due to emzolyn codeine cough syrup administration. Thus, indiscriminately and prolong use emzolyn codeine drug should be avoided and antioxidant supplements are advised as a prophylactic supportive therapy for adequate measures in preventing development of oxidative stress-associated complications among exposed individuals.
To Assess the Parents Reported Causes of Physically Abuse Children the Age Group of 6 to 12 Years
Authors: Pohekar Savita , Sharma Ranjana , Ankar Ruchira , Raut Arti , Tembhare Vaishali , Gujar Samruddhi 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Child maltreatment and neglect are considered important issues in the US. However, parental-child violence is not studied enough to provide a comprehensive understanding of the underlying causes.
Aim: To determine the parent's reported causes of actual children who are abusing the age bracket of 6 to 12 years.
Methods and Materials: The descriptive survey study design was used with a quantitative research approach conducted in a selected community area of Wardha town. The sample size was 200 parents with children aged 6 to 12. Pre-tested and validated structured questionnaires were used. The data gathered was registered into the Microsoft Excel sheet. The statistical analysis ended up being done SPSS. The frequencies and percentages of categorical variables had been provided.
Results: The parents reported causes for physical abuse among children of 6 to 12 years were seen into 4 categories, once in a week, sometimes, twice in a week, and never respectively. 37.5% of the parents reported twice in a week and 62.5% of them never reported causes.
The mean score of parents who reported causes of physically abuse children in the age group of 6 to 12 years was 44.58 ± 4.66 and the range of the score was 32 to 56. Demographic variables such as age in years, gender, monthly income, education, area of residence, and relationship with parents were statistically associated with their reported causes.
Conclusion: Community-based methods, such as house visits, are incredibly efficient in changing the behavior of parents at risk of misuse. Targeted programs for moms with mental disorders and substance abuse are also shown to be effective in stopping emotional abuse [1].
Prevalence of Infections, the Rate of Bacterial Resistance and Antibiotics Use in Al-kharj: Narrative Review
Authors: J. Ahmed Nehad , A. Menshawy Menshawy , Khan Mohd. Faiyaz 
Published: November 2021

Aim: The present review aimed to describe the rate of different infections, the rate of bacterial resistance and antibiotics use in Al-kharj.
Methodology: This was a narrative review that included searching Web of science for the keywords “infections” or “bacterial resistance” or “antibiotics use” and “Al-kharj” from 1st of January 2015 to 14th of October 2021.
Results: Searching Web of science for the keywords resulted in 29 papers that was conducted during the study period and investigate the rate of different infections, the rate of bacterial resistance or the use of antibiotics in Al-kharj. So, 29 articles were included in the present review.
Conclusion: Most of the studies about infections included only some types of infections and most of the conducted studies about the use of antibiotics focused only on the outpatient setting. More studies are needed to explore the rate of other infections and to describe the prescribing of antibiotics in other hospital settings.
Comte, Auguste
Authors: Bourdeau Michel 
Published: November 2021

Auguste Comte's (1798–1857) theory of religion is one of the most controversial aspects of his philosophy but also one which most appeals to contemporary readers. Its two most characteristic features are: religion must get rid of God; and religion is a social fact, closely connected with the existence of a spiritual power.Positivist religion is not a religion of science. It is the religion of humanity, to which its three components – doctrine, worship and regime – are related: “Our thoughts will be devoted to the knowledge of Humanity, our affections to her love, our actions to her service.” Comte came to put much emphasis on worshipping. The best‐known aspect of positivist religion, namely the calendar of great men, belongs to the public worship, which is essentially a system of commemoration.
KalāmCosmological Argument
Authors: Craig William Lane 
Published: November 2021

Thekalāmcosmological argument is an argument for the existence of a Creator of the universe, based on the universe's beginning to exist. Its provenance is Christian, Islamic, and Jewish theological reflection on creationex nihilo. Having fallen into disuse after Kant, the argument returned to contemporary prominence due to newfound philosophical and empirical support for its two premises. Rebuttals to the argument often assume a view of time according to which beginning to exist does not entail objective temporal becoming. Thus, debates in philosophy of time bear especially on the argument. Another prominent objection assumes the possibility of an actual infinite series of events, or of forming an actual infinite by successive addition. Defenders of thekalām argument reply by employing, inter alia, Hilbert's Hotel and Grim Reaper Paradox thought experiments, to argue for the impossibility of the existence, or formation by successive addition, of an actual infinite.
Paul the Apostle
Authors: Wasserman Emma 
Published: November 2021

The authentic letters of Paul are our earliest and best evidence for the movement, or set of movements, that would later become known as Christianity. His claims about passions, flesh, sin, faith, and grace influence much later theology, especially the thought of Aurelius Augustine, Martin Luther, and later Protestant thinkers. The canonical book of Acts presents Paul as the great universalizer of the movement, but this reflects early Christian mythmaking about its culture heroes. Considered historically, Paul's letters address Christ‐following gentiles within a Jewish religious movement. Paul's cosmology conforms to a traditional
scala naturae,
but he argues that a new relationship between gods and humans is now possible. His thought about this new way of life appropriates philosophical thought, especially Platonic discourse about self‐mastery and Stoic ethics.
Extrusion‐Printed CNT–Graphene Sensor Array with Embedded MXene/PEDOT:PSS Heater for Enhanced NO2 Sensing at Low Temperature
Authors: Hassan Kamrul , Stanley Nathan , Tung Tran Thanh , Yap Pei Lay , Rastin Hadi , Yu Le , Losic Dusan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWearable sensors are currently one of the top emerging areas with enormous growth potential. Low‐cost fabrication techniques using simple and scalable printing technologies are making a significant impact on their development. Recent advances in high‐performance gas/vapor sensors based on carbon nanomaterials have shown potential applications ranging from disease diagnostics to environmental monitoring and defences. Herein, a hybrid sensing material of 1D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and 2D graphene is developed, and a conductive ink is formulated, which is applied for fabricating a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas sensor array within a compact design utilizing extrusion printing. To improve NO2‐sensing performance and optimal operating temperature, a reverse‐side layer is designed, which combines MXene and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐doped poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and functions as a Joule heater. The printed CNT–graphene‐based sensor with an embedded MXene/PEDOT:PSS heater is capable of detecting trace amounts of NO2 gas (1 ppm) at 65 °C. The sensor is able to distinguish between various gases/volatile organic compounds and target NO2 gas based on their chemical affinities. The printed CNT–graphene sensor array also demonstrates a high‐level of recoverability, satisfied stability, durability, and reproducibility, which render this sensor a suitable candidate for practical applications.
Genetic structure and population connection of two Bouyei populations in northern Vietnam based on short tandem repeat analysis
Authors: Tran Linh Huyen , Chu Phuong Thi Minh , Nguyen Trang Hong , La Hong Viet , Nguyen Hanh Thi Hong , Tran Hoai Thu , Nguyen Hung Mau , Hoang Ha , Chu Hoang Ha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesGenetic characteristics were investigated based on short tandem repeat (STR) data to assess the relationship between two Vietnamese Bouyei populations in Vietnam.MethodsWe collected hair and buccal swab samples from two separate Bouyei populations in the mountainous region of Northern Vietnam, which are the Bo Y in Ha Giang Province and the Tu Di in Lao Cai Province. The study included data of 23 autosomal and 27 Y‐chromosome STRs loci of 96 unrelated participants from a total Vietnamese Bouyei population of under 3300 individuals.ResultsThe results showed that these STR markers are valuable for differentiation of individuals and human genetic studies in Vietnamese Bouyei populations. Genetic analysis indicated that Tu Di and Bo Y people were from the same Bouyei population in China.ConclusionsThe results supported the official historical records of the region and the classification of the Vietnamese government. Furthermore, the genetic data provided in this study will be helpful in investigating the genetic genealogy evolution and settlement or migration patterns of the Bouyei populations in Vietnam.
Urine Proteomics and Renal Single‐Cell Transcriptomics Implicate Interleukin‐16 in Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Fava Andrea , Rao Deepak A. , Mohan Chandra , Zhang Ting , Rosenberg Avi , Fenaroli Paride , Belmont H. Michael , Izmirly Peter , Clancy Robert , Trujillo Jose Monroy , Fine Derek , Arazi Arnon , Berthier Celine C. , Davidson Anne , James Judith A. , Diamond Betty , Hacohen Nir , Wofsy David , Raychaudhuri Soumya , Apruzzese William ,   the Accelerating Medicines Partnership in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Network, Buyon Jill , Petri Michelle 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveCurrent lupus nephritis (LN) treatments are effective in only 30% of patients, emphasizing the need for novel therapeutic strategies. We undertook this study to develop mechanistic hypotheses and explore novel biomarkers by analyzing the longitudinal urinary proteomic profiles in LN patients undergoing treatment.MethodsWe quantified 1,000 urinary proteins in 30 patients with LN at the time of the diagnostic renal biopsy and after 3, 6, and 12 months. The proteins and molecular pathways detected in the urine proteome were then analyzed with respect to baseline clinical features and longitudinal trajectories. The intrarenal expression of candidate biomarkers was evaluated using single‐cell transcriptomics of renal biopsy sections from LN patients.ResultsOur analysis revealed multiple biologic pathways, including chemotaxis, neutrophil activation, platelet degranulation, and extracellular matrix organization, which could be noninvasively quantified and monitored in the urine. We identified 237 urinary biomarkers associated with LN, as compared to controls without systemic lupus erythematosus. Interleukin‐16 (IL‐16), CD163, and transforming growth factor β mirrored intrarenal nephritis activity. Response to treatment was paralleled by a reduction in urinary IL‐16, a CD4 ligand with proinflammatory and chemotactic properties. Single‐cell RNA sequencing independently demonstrated that IL16 is the second most expressed cytokine by most infiltrating immune cells in LN kidneys. IL‐16–producing cells were found at key sites of kidney injury.ConclusionUrine proteomics may profoundly change the diagnosis and management of LN by noninvasively monitoring active intrarenal biologic pathways. These findings implicate IL‐16 in LN pathogenesis, designating it as a potentially treatable target and biomarker.
Effects of degree of milling on phenolics and antioxidant activity of cooked rice during in vitro digestion
Authors: Liu Yanxiaoxue , Liu Yuqian , Zhang Jinli , Hou Hanxue 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe degree of milling (DOM) can affect the phenolics and antioxidant activity of brown rice, but rice as food needs to be cooked and plays its role when passing through the digestive system. Yet, digestion has a significant impact on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of DOM on the phenolics and antioxidant activity of cooked rice during in vitro digestion and how these phenolics and antioxidant activities are affected by in vitro digestion.FindingsAfter in vitro digestion, as the DOM increased from 0% to 12.31%, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH•, and ABTS•+ scavenging activities decreased by 26.8%, 68.5%, 48.8%, and 29.9%, respectively. The maximum release amount of phenolics occurred at the intestinal digestion phase for all cooked rice samples. The increased proportions of DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging activities at every stage were not consistent with those of TPC and TFC. Compared with control samples, the TPC and TFC, DPPH•, and ABTS•+ scavenging activities significantly increased in most digested samples.ConclusionsThe increased DOM resulted in loss of phenolics including flavonoids and phenolic acids in digestion samples as well as in DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging activities of cooked rice. The release of phenolics and the improvement of antioxidant activity of cooked rice during in vitro digestion were mainly due to the digestive enzymes.Significance and noveltyCompared with traditional organic solvent extraction combined with alkaline hydrolysis, the in vitro digestion model simulated the digestive process of food in the human body, making the evaluation of rice with different DOMs more practical.
Identification of p.Met215Ile mutation of the MC4R gene in a Moroccan woman with obesity
Authors: El Fessikh Meriem , Belghiti Hakim , Elkarhat Zouhair , Guerinech Hassania , Dakka Nadia , El Baghdadi Jamila 
Published: November 2021

AbstractScreening the MC4R gene showed one rare mutation p.Met215Ile in a Moroccan patient with morbid obesity, which leads to a change in the protein structure. The analysis of MC4R variants may be useful for future therapeutic approaches.