bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Serial Lung Ultrasound Scores Predict Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in Patients With Severe COVID-19? A Single-centre Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Taniguchi Hayato , Ohya Aimi , Yamagata Hidehiro , Iwashita Masayuki , Abe Takeru , Takeuchi Ichiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Some patients with severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) who present with fibrosis on computed tomography (CT) require prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV). Lung ultrasound (LUS), a rapid, bedside test, has been reported to have findings consistent with those of CT. Thus, this study aimed to assess whether serial LUS scores could predict PMV or successful extubation in severe COVID-19 patients.Methods: LUS was performed for 20 consecutive severe COVID-19 patients at three time points: admission (day 1), after 48 h (day 3), and seventh-day follow-up (day 7). We compared the LUS score with the results of chest X-rays and laboratory tests at three time points. Moreover, we assessed LUS score to determine the inter-rater reliability (IRR) of the results among examiners.Results: While there were no significant differences in mortality in each PMV and successful extubation groups, there were significant differences in LUS scores on day 3 and day 7; XP score on day 7; and P/F ratio on day 7 in the PMV group (p<0.05). There were significant differences in LUS scores on days 3 and 7, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels on day 7, and P/F ratio on day 7 in the successful extubation group (p<0.05). The areas under the curves (AUCs) of LUS score on days 3 and 7, XP score on day 7, and P/F ratio were 0.88, 0.98, 0.77, and 0.80, respectively in the PMV group; and the AUCs of LUS score on days 3 and 7, CRP levels on day 7, and P/F ratio 0.79, 0.90, 0.82, and 0.79, respectively, in the successful extubation group. Variations in serial LUS scores exhibited significant differences between the groups. The serial LUS score on day 7 was higher than that on day 1 in the PMV group but lower in the successful extubation group (p<0.05). However, there was slight IRR agreement in the LUS score changes on days 1 to 7 (κ= 0.15 [95% CI: 0-0.31]). Conclusions: The serial LUS score of severe COVID-19 patients could predicted PMV and successful extubation. To overcome IRR disagreement, the automatic ultrasound judgement, such as deep learning, would be needed.
The Income-related Distribution of Cognitive Function and Its Mobility Among the Chinese Elderly Over 14 Years
Authors: Zhou Yiting , Xu Yongjian , Zhu Liang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background:With population aging, cognitive function among the elderly has been growing public health concern in China. This study aimed to investigate the trend of income-related inequality in cognitive function, and to track the health-related income mobility among the Chinese elderly. Methods: The data were drawn from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014 and 2018, with a sample of 10203 Chinese aged 65 and older. The cognitive function was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The cross-sectional and longitudinal concentration indices were used to measure the magnitudes of inequalities at different length of time. The mobility index was used to capture the discrepancy between the short-term and long-term measures. The contribution of determinants to mobility was estimated by decomposition analysis. Results:The results showed that, the cognitive function among the Chinese elderly scored 21.13 at the baseline. Men, activities, daily living ability, education, marriage status, income, community service, vision and hearing condition were positively associated with cognitive function, whereas age, negative well-being and drinking were negatively associated with cognitive function. The cross-sectional concentration index was positive and significant only at the baseline. In the long run, however, the concentration indices were all positive and became larger over time. After five waves, the mobility reached -4.84. The largest negative contributor to the mobility index was daily living ability, followed by relaxing activity, domestic activity and hearing condition. The two largest positive contributors were negative well-being and income. Conclusion:Our study found that, as a whole, the cognitive function was not performed well among the Chinese elderly. In the long term, the weighted cross-sectional concentration indices underestimated the inequality in cognitive function and good cognitive performance was concentrated more among the rich. When formulating intervention measures, the Chinese government could give priority to vulnerable groups, especially the elderly who are poor or downwardly income mobile.
Efficacy of High-flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy in Patients with Mild Hypercapnia
Authors: Su Lingling , Zhao Qinyu , Liu Taotao , Xu Yujun , Li Weichun , Zhang Aiping 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the indications of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy among patients with mild hypercapnia and to explore the predictors of intubation when HFNC fails.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Adult patients with mild hypercapnia (45<PaCO2≤60 mmHg) received either HFNC or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) oxygen therapy. Propensity score matching (PSM) was implemented to increase between-group comparability. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival and cumulative intubation rates, while 28-day mortality, 48-hour and 28-day intubation rates were compared using the Chi-square test. The predictive performances of HR/SpO2 and the ROX index (the ratio of SpO2/FiO2 to respiratory rate) at 4 hours were assessed regarding HFNC failure, which was determined if intubation was given within 48 hours after the initiation of oxygen therapy. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for HR/SpO2 and the ROX index were calculated and compared.Results: A total of 524,520 inpatient hospitalization records were screened, 106 patients in HFNC group and 106 patients in NIV group were successfully matched. No significant difference in 48-hour intubation rate between the HFNC group and the NIV group (14.2% vs. 8.5%, P=0.278); patients receiving HFNC had higher 28-day intubation rate (26.4% vs. 14.2%, P=0.029), higher 28-day mortality (17.9% vs. 8.5%, P=0.043), longer ICU length of stay (4.4 vs. 3.3 days, P=0.019), compared to those of NIV group. The AUC of HR/SpO2 at 4 hours after the initiation of HFNC yielded around 0.660 for predicting 48-hour intubation, greater than that of the ROX index with an AUC of 0.589 (P<0.01).Conclusions: HFNC therapy cannot completely replace NIV for patients with mild hypercapnia. As opposed to the ROX index, a modest, yet improved predictive performance is demonstrated using HR/SpO2 in predicting the failure of HFNC among these patients.
International Publication Trends in Low Back Pain Research: A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis
Authors: Huang Fan , Zheng Beisi , Wu Cunshu , Zhao Siyi , Xu Yuanyue , Li Ziyuan , Huang Chuyu , Fan Zhiyong , Wu Shan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Despite the increasing research on low back pain, the bibliometric literature in the field of low back pain is limited. The aim of this study was to perform a bibliometric and visualization analysis of low back pain.
Methods

The authors searched the Web of Science database to extract publications regarding low back pain in the last 22 years. A total of 12,201 publications were eligible. We classified and analyzed publications such as total citations, average citations per item, H-index, research types, countries/regions, institutions and journals by using standard bibliometric indicators. Bibliometric methods and tools were used to explore the trends of low back pain research.
Results

Over the past 22 years, the number of publications on low back pain in the world had continually remained a increasing trend. Regional differences existed in the research of low back pain and developed countries played a leading role in the research. Research institutions and researchers have successively invested in the research of low back pain. However, there were limitations to the present study that should be noted that the study was relatively scattered and a systematic summary of the trends and characteristics was lacking. Visualization analysis provides valuable information for researchers to identify new perspectives on potential collaborators and cooperative institutions, which promote indirect cooperation. Besides, the most burst keywords were “primary-care”, “lumbar spine” and “disability”.
Conclusion

This study provided a number of important insights into the global research trends and current status related to low back pain which is helpful for clinicians, researchers and policy makers to understand the research field and predict its dynamic directions. Our article could be used for quantify and academic publications about low back pain in order to obtain an overview of the given field of study and provide references and suggestions for the future work of low back pain.
Field-Dependent Rheological Properties of Graphite Based Magnetorheological Grease
Authors: Nasir Nur Alyaa Mohd , Nazmi Nurhazimah , Mohamad Norzilawati , Ubaidillah Ubaid , Nordin Nur Azmah , Mazlan Saiful Amri , Aziz Siti Aishah Abdul , Shabdin Muhammad Kashfi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The utilization of high viscous grease as a medium in Magnetorheological grease (MRG) has benefits in avoiding the sedimentation from occurred, however, it limits the expansion of yield stress in on-state condition thus reduced the application performance upon operation. Therefore, in present study, improvement of the rheological properties of MRG has been investigated by introduction of graphite as an additive. MRG with 10 wt% of graphite (GMRG) was fabricated and the analysis of the properties was compared to the reference sample, MRG. The microstructure of GMRG was characterized through Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope, (ESEM). While, the rheological properties including apparent viscosity, yield stress and viscoelastic properties for both samples were examined using shear rheometer under rotational and oscillatory mode. The results demonstrated slightly increment of apparent viscosity in GMRG and shows a significant improvement in term of yield stress by 38.8% at 3A with growth about 32.7% higher compared to MRG from 0A to 3A. Also, an expansion of linear viscoelastic region (LVE) from 0.01 to 0.1% was observed in the GMRG credited to the domination of elastic properties on the sample. These results obtained was confirmed based on ESEM that displayed the contribution of graphite towards constructing more stable chain structure in GMRG. In conclusion, this study highlights the influence of graphite towards improving the rheological properties of MRG. Hence, addition of graphite in MRG is a great potential to be applied in many applications in near future.
Peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes heterogeneity in SLE patients treated by Belimumab
Authors: Yang Jinghan , Yan Shushan , Li Haibo , Yang Chunjuan , Zhang Lili , Sun Jiamei , Zhang Jiaojiao , Gao Wenfeng , Xu Donghua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: To estimate the effect of Belimumab on the heterogeneity of peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes subsets in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods: There were three groups of populations, namely health controls (HC, n = 92), SLE patients treated (n = 26) and un-treated with BAFF (n = 155) in the present study. Cell subsets of CD3+T cells, CD3+CD4+T cells, CD3+CD8+T cells, CD19+B cells, CD16+CD56+NK cells, CD14+HLA-DR+monocytes, CD14+CD206+monocytes and CD14+CD163+monocytes were estimated by flow cytometry. Results: Compared with HC group, SLE patients had a higher level of CD3+T cells and CD3+CD8+T cells, but a lower level of CD3+CD4+T cells, CD16+CD56+NK cells, CD14+CD206+monocytes, and CD14+CD163+monocytes. Besides, the ratio of CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+T cells was much lower in SLE patients. Belimumab could effectively decrease CD19+B cells but increase CD3+T cell and CD3+CD8+T cells in the peripheral blood of SLE patients. Moreover, SLE patients had decreased CD14+CD206+ monocytes and CD14+CD163+ monocytes in peripheral blood, while Belimumab therapy did not affect the heterogeneity of monocytes in SLE.Conclusions: Our results revealed the heterogeneity of lymphocytes and monocytes in SLE patients. The clinical efficacy of Belimumab in SLE treatment is remarkable due to its significant effect on down-regulating B cell but up-regulating CD3+T cell and CD3+CD8+T cells in SLE.
Photogrammetric Evaluation of Shear Modulus of Glulam Timber Using Torsion Test Method and Dual Stereo Vision System
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed , Deng Yu , Zhang Hexin , Wong Simon H F , Uheida Kal , Zhang Y.X. , Lehmann Martin , Quan Yanfang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The shear modulus of timber and timber-based composite materials is a fundamental mechanical property which is used in the design of timber and engineered wood products. The problem of experimentally determining appropriate values of shear modulus for timber-based composite is not as simple and straightforward as in isotropic materials. Although the torsion test is a recommended standard approach to determine the shear modulus of structural-size timber and glulam beams, it is a difficult to measure the rotational deformations of the timber beams. Therefore, in this paper, a stereo camera system combined with a photogrammetric approach is proposed to evaluate the values and variations of the shear modulus of glulam beams under the torsion test. The photogrammetric approach is a non-contact method which provides an efficient and alternative approach for measuring the deformations of the torsion specimens in three dimensions. A series of experiments were conducted on glulam timber beams under the torsion test to investigate the applicability of the optical approach to evaluate the values and variations of shear modulus as well as to investigate the effect of applying torques in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction on the shear modulus of the beams. This optical system not only allows the performance and reliability of the traditional sensors to be assessed, but also allows the rotational deformation of the torsion samples to be monitored at various locations. This enables the values of shear modulus at different cross-sections of the torsion specimens to be evaluated without the need to use more devices. The test results showed that applying torques to the glulam timber specimens during loading and unloading in either a clockwise or anticlockwise direction does not influence or cause a significant change in the shear modulus of the beams. By comparing shear modulus values of glulam beams measured based on different shear spans, it was found that the larger the shear span the smaller the shear modulus value. This might indicate that the variations of shear modulus values at these different gauge lengths needs to be considered.
Justification of Universal Iron Supplementation for Infants 6-12 months in Regions with a High Prevalence of Thalassemia
Authors: Sinlapamongkolkul Phakatip , Surapolchai Pacharapan , Viprakasit Vip 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Many clinicians hesitate adopting a universal infant iron supplementation program due to the risk of increased iron absorption for those with thalassemia. We aimed to determine thalassemia prevalence in 6- to 12-month old infants, along with the iron status of those with and without thalassemia.
Procedures:
We performed a cross-sectional descriptive study of infants attending the Well Baby Clinic at Thammasat University Hospital for routine checkups. Complete blood count, hemoglobin electrophoresis, iron parameters, and molecular genetics for common α- and β-thalassemia were evaluated.
Results
Overall, 97 of 206 (47%) participants had thalassemia minor, the majority having Hb E traits. None had thalassemia intermedia or major. Familial history of anemia or thalassemia presented an increased risk of detecting thalassemia minor in offspring (OR 5.18; 95% CI 2.60-10.33, p = 0.001). There were no statistical differences in transferrin saturation, serum ferritin and hepcidin between iron-replete infants with thalassemia minor and those without. However, one-third of infants with thalassemia minor (31/97) also had iron deficiency anemia (IDA), with a similar risk of having iron deficiency to infants without thalassemia. There was no hepcidin suppression in our infants with thalassemia minor as compared to controls.
Conclusions
Both thalassemia and IDA are endemic to Southeast Asia. Infants with thalassemia minor, particularly with Hb E and α-thalassemia traits, are at risk of IDA. Our short-term universal iron supplementation program for 6 to 12-month old infants does not appear to increase the risk of those with thalassemia minor developing iron overload in the future.
Local injection of anti-cancer drugs in an experimental model of colorectal cancer, a novel scenario to treat invasive neoplasia.
Authors: Lorenzo-Zúñiga Vicente , Bon Ignacio , Ossa Napoleón de la , Bartolí Ramón 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Endoscopic resection of colorectal lesions significantly decreases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and death. Patients with invasive neoplasia or metastatic CRC have an evident poorer prognosis. Next step could be a more personalized treatment strategy, as a targeted therapy by direct injection of active substances in a selected lesion. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of intratumoral injection of a drug-eluting platform (CoverGelâ) with different anti-cancer drugs in a rat model of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced CRC.Methods: Experimental CRC was induced in 20 rats. Animals were randomized in five groups (four each): CoverGel + Aflibercept (AFL), CoverGel + Bevacizumab (BVZ), CoverGel + Cetuximab (CTX), CoverGel + Panitumumab (PNT) and CoverGel + Irinotecan (IRT). Endoscopic, histological and necrosis score (0-3 scale) test were performed during follow-up to evaluate clinical success. Results: All animals developed invasive neoplasia (NICE 3, JNET 3), 7.2 mm as mean size (range 6-8). Intratumoral injection was feasible in all animals with no adverse events. AFL, an angiogenesis inhibitor agent, in comparison with the other medications (BVZ, CTX, PNT and IRT) obtained the best results: significantly reduction in tumor size (-30% vs. -10%, –3%, +2% and + 2%; p<0.05, respectively) and significantly higher necrosis score (3 vs. 1, 0.3, 0 and 0; p<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Angiogenesis inhibitors medications produced the higher cell necrosis and reduction in tumor size in an experimental model of CRC. Intratumoral injection of a drug-eluting platform could open a new way to manage invasive CRC.
Air traffic prediction with fuzzy constraints
Authors: Yamamoto N. , Shen Zhou , Yuan H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In view of the deficiencies of poor prediction accuracy, time-consuming and low efficiency of traditional traffic prediction models, fuzzy constraints are introduced into air traffic traffic system to represent some uncertain information in the field of artificial intelligence, and construct a fuzzy constraint-based air traffic flow prediction The fuzzy constraint-based air traffic prediction model is constructed. By analyzing the decision vector, fuzzy parameter vector and fuzzy constraint set, the prediction model is proposed. The air traffic flow prediction model is built by analyzing the decision vector, fuzzy parameter vector and fuzzy constraint set that affect the fuzzy constraint, and proposing the construction process of the prediction model. The experimental results show that the air traffic flow prediction model can be used to predict the air traffic flow. The experimental results show that the improved prediction model is better than the traditional prediction model in predicting air traffic flow. The results show that the improved prediction model has better prediction results, shorter time consumption and higher accuracy than the traditional prediction model.
Efficacy and Safety of PEGPH20 in Pancreatic Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Solipuram Vinod , Gopalakrishna Harish , Nair Gayatri , Mohan Akhila 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive tumor, and an estimated 57,600 new
cases and 47,050 deaths were reported in 2020 in the US alone. Recent studies have targeted the tumor
microenvironment (TME) for better delivery of systemic chemotherapy, like PEGPH20,
which degrades hyaluronic acid in the extracellular matrix (ECM). A meta-analysis of these Randomized
controlled trials (RCTs) to test the efficacy of PEGPH20 was performed.

Methods:
A systematic search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library without
language limitations from inception to July 30, 2020. A total of 59 articles were identified, and
3 RCTs were included in the final analysis. The primary outcome was progression-free survival
(PFS), and secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS), deaths from adverse events, thromboembolic
events, serious adverse events (SAE), and febrile neutropenia.

Results:
There was no statistically significant improvement in PFS (HR= 0.94; 95%CI (0.79,
1.11)) in the PEGPH20 group when compared to the standard treatment/placebo group. There was
no significant difference among OS (HR= 0.99, 95%CI (0.83, 1.17), deaths from adverse events (RR=
0.97; 95%CI (0.54, 1.73)), thromboembolic events (RR= 1.49; 95%CI (0.92, 2.44)), and febrile
neutropenia (RR= 0.88; 95%CI (0.45, 1.72), but a statistically significant increase in SAE (RR =
1.59; 95%CI (1.01, 2.52) in the PEGPH20 group compared to the placebo group was observed.

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis showed that PEGPH20 did not improve the PFS or OS. Moreover,
there was an increased incidence of serious adverse events using PEGPH20 compared to standard
therapies.
West Nile Viral Meningoencephalitis in an Immunocompetent Female: A Case Report from Western Rajasthan, India
Authors: Abhishek Kumar S , Tiwari Sarika , Kumar Prawin , Nag Vijaya Lakshmi , Pamnani Jaya , Tiwari Sarbesh 
Published: June 2021

Background:
West Nile virus (WNV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the
family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus. The virus is transmitted primarily by the bite of Culex species
mosquito and is of global concern. The infection is associated with a wide spectrum of signs and
symptoms and is more fatal in the elderly, infants, and immunocompromised individuals.

Case presentation:
We report a case of WNV meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent female
who presented with features of acute meningitis with a 5-days history. After the radiological suspicion
of viral meningoencephalitis, viral serology was performed and was reactive for IgM antibody against
WNV, delaying the diagnosis for at least 5 days.

Conclusion:
The purpose of this case report is to prime the treating physicians on the usefulness of
viral serology in such a scenario. Viral serology is a simple and relatively rapid technique to diagnose
or rule out the suspected viral cause of meningoencephalitis and minimize the time gap between diagnosis
and start of supporting treatment wherever appropriate antivirals are not available for clinical use.