bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Ultra‐fine Co1‐(x+y)NixZnyFe2O4 Ferrite Nanoparticles: Customizing Magnetic Properties
Authors: Khorshidian Sara , Vaseghi Behrooz , Rezaei Ghasem , Jenkins David , Kumar Niroj , Rajan Arunima 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSynthesis of ultrafine
magnetic nanoparticles with different chemical compositions is essential to study the magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) as a treatment in which the superparamagnetic behaviour of materials is beneficial. In this paper,
magnetic nanoparticles with different x and y amounts were synthesized to find out a tuning pattern for magnetic properties, especially anisotropy constant to gain the best heating efficiency. We proved that the co‐presence of ions will greatly affect the magnetic performance of our superparamagnetic nanoparticles in which
for values of
and
exhibits the highest magnetic anisotropy constant after
CoFe2O4. This success in customizing magnetic properties to reach high magnetic properties by using less toxic materials might be another good starting point for researchers to focus more on their possible applications.
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction of Silyl Enol Ethers with Isatin‐Derived Oxindolyl β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Keto Esters
Authors: Lu Wenjing , Li Jindong , Lu Yangmian , Zha Zhenggen , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEnantioselective Mukaiyama 1,2 addition of silyl enol ethers with oxindolyl β,γ‐unsaturated α‐keto esters was developed under catalysis of a chiral L−Cu complex. The reaction was carried out rapidly under mild conditions, to give rise to a series of chiral β‐hydroxyl carbonyl compounds bearing oxindolyl backbone skeleton with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities, up to 99 %, as well as moderate to great diastereoselectivities, up to >20 : 1. This method provided an elegant synthesis route for the synthesis of such compounds.
A Photoresponsive Nanozyme for Synergistic Catalytic Therapy and Dual Phototherapy
Authors: Yang Hailong , Xu Bolong , Li Shanshan , Wu Qingyuan , Lu Mingzhu , Han Along , Liu Huiyu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDual phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), has shown a great prospect in cancer treatment. However, its therapeutic effect is restricted by the depth of light penetration in tissue and tumor hypoxia environment. Herein, inspired by the specific response of nanozymes to the tumor microenvironment (TME), a simple and versatile nanozyme‐mediated synergistic dual phototherapy nanoplatform (denoted as FePc/HNCSs) is constructed using hollow nitrogen‐doped carbon nanospheres (HNCSs) and iron phthalocyanine (FePc). FePc/HNCSs simultaneously exhibit peroxidase (POD)‐ and catalase (CAT)‐like activities, which not only can convert endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for catalytic therapy, but also decompose H2O2 to oxygen (O2) to enhance O2‐dependent PDT. In addition, their enzyme‐like activities are significantly enhanced under light irradiation. Combining with the excellent photothermal effect, FePc/HNCSs realize a high tumor inhibition rate of 96.3%. This strategy opens a new horizon for exploring a more powerful tumor treatment nanoplatform.
Highly Sensitive Strain Sensors Based on Molecules–Gold Nanoparticles Networks for High‐Resolution Human Pulse Analysis
Authors: Huang Chang‐Bo , Yao Yifan , Montes‐García Verónica , Stoeckel Marc‐Antoine , Von Holst Miriam , Ciesielski Artur , Samorì Paolo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHigh‐performance flexible strain sensors are key components for the next generation of wearable health monitoring devices. Here, the authors have fabricated a novel strain sensor based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) interconnected by flexible and responsive molecular linkers. The combination of conductive AuNPs (25 nm in diameter) with tetra(ethylene glycol) dithiol (SH‐TEG‐SH) linkers yields a covalent 3D network which can be directly deposited onto prepatterned flexible supports exposing interdigitated Au electrodes. The electrically insulating nature of the linkers effectively defines the tunneling modulated charge transfer through the AuNPs network. When compressive/tensile strain is applied, the molecular linkers adopt a compressed/stretched conformation thus decreasing/increasing the interparticle distance, ultimately yielding an exponential increase/decrease of the tunneling current when voltage is applied. The strain sensor displays state‐of‐the‐art performances including a highly sensitive response to both tensile and compressive strain, as quantified by a high gauge factor (GF≈126) combined with other superior sensing properties like high flexibility, short response time (16.1 ms), and good robustness (>2000 cycles). Finally, the applicability of the device for health monitoring is demonstrated: high‐resolution artery pulse waves are acquired by placing the strain sensor onto the skin allowing the extraction of important physical parameters for human‐health assessment.
Tissue tolerance to cyanoacrylate adhesives for closure of surgical wounds in Trachemys scripta skin
Authors: Pérez‐Delgado Sayda , Mozos Elena , Guerra Rafael , Lucena Rosario , Molina Verónica , Ginel Pedro J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground: The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological tolerance of medical cyanoacrylate adhesives (CAs), butyl‐CA and octyl‐CA, applied by two different methods in surgical skin incisions of T. scripta.Methods: A two‐trial controlled blind study each one including 12 female adult T. scripta turtles. Two 1‐cm long full‐thickness surgical skin incisions were made on the dorsal aspect of each hind limb. In trial 1 CAs were applied superficially over the apposed wound edges; each animal's four wounds were closed using butyl‐CA, octyl‐CA and ethyl‐CA or absorbable suture as controls. In trial 2 adhesives were applied holding wound edges everted, and octyl‐CA was replaced by a non‐sutured control wound. At each time point (2, 7, 14 and 21 days) all wounds from three randomly chosen animals were biopsied.Results: Medical grade CAs did not induce any sign of tissue damage and/or inflammatory reaction attributable to histotoxicity independently of the method of application. Wound dehiscence rate was higher when CAs were applied superficially over the apposed wound edges.Conclusions: Octyl and butyl‐CA are well tolerated by turtles' soft skin but because of their high rate of dehiscence they are not recommended in high tension wounds; use in low tension wounds needs further investigation.
Targeting cancer metastasis with antibody therapeutics
Authors: Yang Huilin , Kuo Yun‐Huai , Smith Zion I. , Spangler Jamie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCancer metastasis, the spread of disease from a primary to a distal site through the circulatory or lymphatic systems, accounts for over 90% of all cancer related deaths. Despite significant progress in the field of cancer therapy in recent years, mortality rates remain dramatically higher for patients with metastatic disease versus those with local or regional disease. Although there is clearly an urgent need to develop drugs that inhibit cancer spread, the overwhelming majority of anticancer therapies that have been developed to date are designed to inhibit tumor growth but fail to address the key stages of the metastatic process: invasion, intravasation, circulation, extravasation, and colonization. There is growing interest in engineering targeted therapeutics, such as antibody drugs, that inhibit various steps in the metastatic cascade. We present an overview of antibody therapeutic approaches, both in the pipeline and in the clinic, that disrupt the essential mechanisms that underlie cancer metastasis. These therapies include classes of antibodies that indirectly target metastasis, including anti‐integrin, anticadherin, and immune checkpoint blocking antibodies, as well as monoclonal and bispecific antibodies that are specifically designed to interrupt disease dissemination. Although few antimetastatic antibodies have achieved clinical success to date, there are many promising candidates in various stages of development, and novel targets and approaches are constantly emerging. Collectively, these efforts will enrich our understanding of the molecular drivers of metastasis, and the new strategies that arise promise to have a profound impact on the future of cancer therapeutic development.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Climate Information: Towards Transparent Distillation
Authors: Jack Christopher D. , Marsham John , Rowell David P. , Jones Richard G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConstructing climate information to inform climate change risk-related decision-making is challenging and requires a rigorous interrogation and understanding of multiple lines of evidence and an assessment of the values, limits and uncertainties involved. Critically, there is no definitive approach agreed on by all climate scientists. Rather, a range of approaches and assumptions are used, with implications for robustness, reliability and uncertainty. Often these choices and assumptions are informed by the values and objectives of climate science rather than the decision context. We propose an approach, information distillation, that makes explicit and open for deliberation many of the implicit decisions and value judgements that occur throughout the process of constructing information. We argue that this approach must engage substantively with the decision context and open up choices and assumptions in a transparent manner to deliberation across climate scientists and context experts. This should ensure relevance and usability, and build understanding and trust to form an important basis for effective uptake of information. Two case studies are described demonstrating the effectiveness of these approaches and illustrating several important principles for transparent information distillation.
Creating Useful and Usable Weather and Climate Information: Insights from Participatory Scenario Planning in Malawi
Authors: Tembo-Nhlema Dorothy , Vincent Katharine , Henriksson Rebecka 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor climate information to be used at the grassroots level, it needs to be understood, collectively interpreted and effectively communicated. Participatory Scenario Planning (PSP) is one method of co-producing useful and usable sectoral and livelihood advisories for decision-makers, based on locally downscaled weather (typically seasonal forecasts). The chapter outlines an initial investigation into the history and application of PSP in Malawi, finding that it can generate useful and usable information that is deemed credible, legitimate and salient by its intended users. Its usability is reinforced through the demonstration effect which leads to even sceptical farmers adopting it after they have witnessed proof of its effectiveness from early adopters. In Malawi, the sustainability of PSP is threatened due to limited integration in planning frameworks and reliance on projects, hence need for a mechanism to ensure its regular occurrence and embeddedness in formal governance structures.
Elastic positivity vs extremal positivity bounds in SMEFT: a case study in transversal electroweak gauge-boson scatterings
Authors: Yamashita Kimiko , Zhang Cen , Zhou Shuang-Yong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The positivity bounds, derived from the axiomatic principles of quantum field theory (QFT), constrain the signs of Wilson coefficients and their linear combinations in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). The precise determination of these bounds, however, can become increasingly difficult as more and more SM modes and oper- ators are taken into account. We study two approaches that aim at obtaining the full set of bounds for a given set of SM fields: 1) the traditional elastic positivity approach, which exploits the elastic scattering amplitudes of states with arbitrarily superposed helicities as well as other quantum numbers, and 2) the newly proposed extremal positivity approach, which constructs the allowed coefficient space directly by using the extremal representation of convex cones. Considering the electroweak gauge-bosons as an example, we demonstrate how the best analytical and numerical positivity bounds can be obtained in several ways. We further compare the constraining power and the efficiency of various approaches, as well as their applicability to more complex problems. While the new extremal approach is more constraining by construction, we also find that it is analytically easier to use, nu- merically much faster than the elastic approach, and much more applicable when more SM particle states and operators are taken into account. As a byproduct, we provide the best positivity bounds on the transversal quartic-gauge-boson couplings, required by the axiomatic principles of QFT, and show that they exclude ≈ 99.3% of the parameter space currently being searched at the LHC.
Lepton flavor violations in SUSY models for muon g − 2 with right-handed neutrinos
Authors: Nagai Ryo , Yokozaki Norimi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We consider supersymmetric (SUSY) models for the muon g − 2 anomaly without flavor violating masses at the tree-level. The models can avoid LHC constraints and the vacuum stability constraint in the stau-Higgs potential. Although large flavor violating processes are not induced within the framework of minimal SUSY standard model, once we adopt a seesaw model, sizable lepton flavor violating (LFV) processes such as μ → eγ and μ → e conversion are induced. These LFV processes will be observed at future experiments such as MEG-II, COMET and Mu2e if right-handed neutrinos are heavier than 109 GeV motivated by the successful leptogenesis. This conclusion is somewhat model independent since Higgs doublets are required to have large soft SUSY breaking masses, leading to flavor violations in a slepton sector via neutrino Yukawa interactions.
Classification of four-point local gluon S-matrices
Authors: Chowdhury Subham Dutta , Gadde Abhijit 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we classify four-point local gluon S-matrices in arbitrary dimensions. This is along the same lines as [1] where four-point local photon S-matrices and graviton S-matrices were classified. We do the classification explicitly for gauge groups SO(N) and SU(N) for all N but our method is easily generalizable to other Lie groups. The construction involves combining not-necessarily-permutation-symmetric four-point S-matrices of photons and those of adjoint scalars into permutation symmetric four-point gluon S-matrix. We explicitly list both the components of the construction, i.e permutation symmetric as well as non-symmetric four point S-matrices, for both the photons as well as the adjoint scalars for arbitrary dimensions and for gauge groups SO(N) and SU(N) for all N. In this paper, we explicitly list the local Lagrangians that generate the local gluon S-matrices for D ≥ 9 and present the relevant counting for lower dimensions. Local Lagrangians for gluon S-matrices in lower dimensions can be written down following the same method. We also express the Yang-Mills four gluon S-matrix with gluon exchange in terms of our basis structures.
Equality and responsibility: ex ante and ex post redistribution mechanisms
Authors: Bosmans Kristof , Öztürk Z. Emel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study redistribution in a setting where individual responsibility and circumstance characteristics determine pre-tax income. We distinguish between ex ante and ex post versions of the key principles of compensation and reward. Furthermore, we distinguish between absolute and relative versions of reward. On the basis of these axioms, we provide characterizations of five familiar and two new redistribution mechanisms.
Pharmacological inhibition of thioredoxin reductase increases insulin secretion and diminishes beta cell viability
Authors: Brüning Dennis , Hatlapatka Kathrin , Lier-Glaubitz Verena , Andermark Vincent , Scherneck Stephan , Ott Ingo , Rustenbeck Ingo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractApparently, both a decrease in beta cell function and in beta cell mass contribute to the progressive worsening of type 2 diabetes. So, it is of particular interest to define factors which are relevant for the regulation of insulin secretion and at the same time for the maintenance of beta cell mass. The NADPH-thioredoxin system has a candidate role for such a dual function. Here, we have characterized the effects of a highly specific inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase, AM12, on the viability and function of insulin-secreting MIN6 cells and isolated NMRI mouse islets. Viability was checked by MTT testing and the fluorescent live-dead assay. Apoptosis was assessed by annexin V assay. Insulin secretion of perifused islets was measured by ELISA. The cytosolic Ca2+concentration was measured by the Fura technique. Acute exposure of perifused pancreatic islets to 5 μM AM12 was without significant effect on insulin secretion. Islets cultured for 24 h in 0.5 or 5 μM AM12 showed unchanged basal secretion during perifusion, but the response to 30 mM glucose was significantly enhanced by 5 μM. Twenty-four-hour exposure to 5 μM AM12 proved to be without effect on the viability of MIN6 cells, whereas longer exposure was clearly toxic. Islets were more susceptible, showing initial signs of apoptosis after 24-h exposure to 5 μM AM12. The activity of the NADPH-thioredoxin system is indispensable for beta cell viability but may have a limiting effect on glucose-induced insulin secretion.
Sensorimotor impairment and haptic support in microgravity
Authors: Weber Bernhard , Riecke Cornelia , Stulp Freek 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFuture space missions envisage human operators teleoperating robotic systems from orbital spacecraft. A potential risk for such missions is the observation that sensorimotor performance deteriorates during spaceflight. This article describes an experiment on sensorimotor performance in two-dimensional manual tracking during different stages of a space mission. We investigated whether there are optimal haptic settings of the human-machine interface for microgravity conditions. Two empirical studies using the same task paradigm with a force feedback joystick with different haptic settings (no haptics, four spring stiffnesses, two motion dampings, three masses) are presented in this paper. (1) A terrestrial control study ($$N=20$$N=20subjects) with five experimental sessions to explore potential learning effects and interactions with haptic settings. (2) A space experiment ($$N=3$$N=3cosmonauts) with a pre-mission, three mission sessions on board the ISS (2, 4, and 6 weeks in space), and a post-mission session. Results provide evidence that distorted proprioception significantly affects motion smoothness in the early phase of adaptation to microgravity, while the magnitude of this effect was moderated by cosmonauts’ sensorimotor capabilities. Moreover, this sensorimotor impairment can be compensated by providing subtle haptic cues. Specifically, low damping improved tracking smoothness for both motion directions (sagittal and transverse motion plane) and low stiffness improved performance in the transverse motion plane.
Optimal Control of the FitzHugh–Nagumo Stochastic Model with Nonlinear Diffusion
Authors: Cordoni Francesco , Persio Luca Di 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe consider the existence and first order conditions of optimality for a stochastic optimal control problem inspired by the celebrated FitzHugh–Nagumo model, with nonlinear diffusion term, perturbed by a linear multiplicative Brownian-type noise. The main novelty of the present paper relies on the application of therescaling methodwhich allows us to reduce the original problem to a random optimal one.
Relevance of fructose intake in adolescence for fatty liver indices in young adulthood
Authors: Perrar Ines , Buyken Anette E. , Penczynski Katharina J. , Remer Thomas , Kuhnle Gunter G. , Herder Christian , Roden Michael , Della Corte Karen , Nöthlings Ute , Alexy Ute 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the association between fructose intake in adolescence and fatty liver indices (hepatic steatosis index (HSI), fatty liver index (FLI)) in young adulthood.

Methods
Overall, 246 participants of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study who had a fasting blood sample in adulthood (18–36 years), at least two 3-day weighed dietary records for calculating fructose intakes and other fructose-containing sugars (total (TS), free (FS), added sugar (AS)) as well as two complete 24-h urine samples for calculating sugar excretion (fructose excretion (FE), fructose + sucrose excretion (FE + SE)) in adolescence (males: 9.5–16.5 years; females: 8.5–15.5 years) were analysed using multivariable linear regression analyses.

Results
On the level of dietary intake, no prospective associations were observed between adolescent fructose intake and both adult fatty liver indices, whereas higher FS intakes were associated with lower levels of HSI (Ptrend = 0.02) and FLI (Ptrend = 0.03). On the urinary excretion level, however, a higher FE (Ptrend = 0.03) and FE + SE (Ptrend = 0.01) in adolescence were prospectively related to higher adult FLI values. No associations were observed between adolescent sugar excretion and adult HSI.

Conclusion
The present study does not provide unambiguous support for a detrimental impact of adolescent fructose intake on adult liver health. Nonetheless, further examinations estimating exposure by means of urinary excretion as well as dietary intake levels appear warranted.
Phase behavior of solvent-rich compositions of the polymer/drug system poly(butylene succinate) and N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET)
Authors: Yener Hande Ece , Hillrichs Georg , Androsch René 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPoly(butylene succinate) (PBS) is used to produce micro-/nanoporous biodegradable scaffolds, suitable for the release of the mosquito repellent N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), based on thermally induced phase separation. For solvent-rich compositions up to 30 m% PBS, it was found that PBS dissolves in DEET at elevated temperatures. During cooling, spherulitic crystallization of PBS occurs, with the crystallization temperature decreasing with the content of DEET and the cooling rate, as determined by cloud-point measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, and polarized-light optical microscopy. Scaffold morphologies of quenched solutions were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy as a function of the polymer concentration and the quenching temperature. These two parameters control the nucleus density/spherulite size, the degree of intermeshing of spherulites, and the intra- and interspherulitic pore size, with the latter typically being of the order of magnitude of few micrometers.