bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keratoacanthoma or cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma revealing a DNA mismatch repair default (Muir‐Torre Syndrome)
Authors: Miao Y. , Kolb F. , Tomasic G. , Lupu J. , Routier E. , Robert C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractKeratoacanthoma (KA) and well‐differentiated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are hardly distinguishable clinically and histologically. They both can be seen in patients with hereditary non‐polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) or Lynch Syndrome, corresponding to DNA microsatellite instability. In our case, a young man had the excision of two rapidly growing skin tumours for which distinction between KA and cSCC was initially clinically and pathologically challenging. The diagnosis of well‐differentiated cSCCs was made and the patient was treated with surgery. Ten years after the first cSCC, he was diagnosed with Muir‐Torre syndrome, a variant of Lynch syndrome, with an heterozygote mutation of the MSH2 gene. This later diagnosis allowed to screen his family members for the same mutation and to adopt an appropriate follow‐up regarding the risk of digestive tumours for him and his family. Furthermore, it is important to know that, in case of non‐resectable cSCC occurring in this patient, immunotherapy using anti‐PD1 antibody would probably be effective due to the known increased immunogenicity of MMR deficient tumours.
Treatment approaches of advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Peris K. , Piccerillo A. , Del Regno L. , Di Stefani A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCommon primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) accounts for 20% of keratinocyte cancers that is usually successfully treated with surgery or radiotherapy. In a minority of cases, CSCC lesions may progress to locally advanced or metastatic disease that may be difficult to be treated causing significant morbidity and mortality. Chemotherapies and targeted therapy with anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies have been used off‐label in small studies and case reports of advanced CSCC, but data are scarce and response short‐lived. Recently, two PD‐1 immune checkpoint inhibitors, cemiplimab and pembrolizumab, have been approved for the treatment of advanced CSCC; specifically the former can be administered in patients with locally advanced and metastatic tumours, while the latter in case of recurrent metastatic CSCC. The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors represents a breakthrough in the treatment of CSCC, since numerous clinical trials showed that these agents may provide remarkable clinical benefit with an acceptable safety profile, in a high‐need population who had no standard of care. In addition, real‐world studies are needed to validate the results observed in clinical trials and numerous clinical trials in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting are ongoing. Finally, further studies should investigate predictive biomarkers useful to better select patients to maximize the treatment efficacy.
Cutaneous SCC with orbital invasion: case series
Authors: Nägeli M. , Mangana J. , Chaloupka K. , Dummer R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common tumour entity that grows secondarily into the orbital area, while basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common periocular and eyelid tumour. Diagnostic delays are common and may increase post‐treatment complications. The therapy is challenging and must be discussed at an interdisciplinary tumour board. We discuss four cases of cSCC with orbital invasion treated with immune‐checkpoint inhibitors with variable responses.
Risk of overactive bladder associated with cholinesterase inhibitors in dementia
Authors: Masurkar Prajakta P. , Chatterjee Satabdi , Sherer Jeffrey T. , Chen Hua , Johnson Michael L. , Aparasu Rajender R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are the primary treatment for dementia, they are associated with overactive bladder (OAB), necessitating antimuscarinic use. Limited data exist regarding the risk of OAB across individual ChEIs in dementia. This study evaluated the risk of OAB associated with individual ChEIs in older adults with dementia.METHODSThis was a new user retrospective cohort study using Medicare claims data involving Parts A, B, and D claims dataset from 2013 to 2015. The study included older adults (aged 65 and older) with a diagnosis of dementia using donepezil, galantamine, or rivastigmine. New ChEI claims were identified with a 6‐month baseline washout period. Patients with OAB diagnosis or any antimuscarinic or mirabegron use in the baseline period were excluded. The primary outcome of interest was OAB diagnosis or prescription of antimuscarinics or mirabegron within 6 months of ChEI initiation. Multivariable cox proportional hazards regression with propensity scores (PS) as covariates and inverse probability of treatment weighting generated using generalized boosted models was used to assess the risk of OAB among donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine users.RESULTSThe study included 524,975 older adults with dementia who were incident users of ChEIs (donepezil 80.72%, rivastigmine 16.41%, galantamine 2.87%). Overall, OAB diagnosis/antimuscarinic/mirabegron prescription was observed in 5.07% of the cohort within 6 months of ChEIs prescription. The Cox regression model with PS as covariate approach found that donepezil use increased the risk of OAB compared to rivastigmine (aHR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08–1.28; p < 0.0001). However, there was no differential risk of OAB between galantamine and rivastigmine. The findings were consistent with the generalized boosted models.CONCLUSIONSThe study found that the risk of OAB varies across individual ChEIs with an increased risk of OAB with donepezil compared to rivastigmine. The study findings suggest the need to understand and manage medication‐related morbidity in older adults with dementia.
The effectiveness of acupressure for managing postoperative pain in patients with thoracoscopic surgery: A randomized control trial.
Authors: Hsu Hsing‐Chi , Fang Hsin‐Yuan , Kuo Chi‐Chung , Su Shu‐Fen , Liang Wen‐Miin , Ma Wei‐Fen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeMore than 86% patients experience moderate to severe pain after thoracoscopic surgery. A combination of diverse nonpharmacological pain relief methods is a developing trend for pain management. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of acupressure in reducing pain after thoracoscopic surgery.DesignA Randomized controlled study with purpose sampling was used for this study. Patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery at a medical center in central Taiwan were enrolled. Study data was collected from September 2020 to April 2021 after the approval of the institutional review board. A total of 100 participants were randomized into two groups (49 and 51 in the experimental and control groups, respectively).MethodsParticipants in the experimental group received acupressure at the Neiguan (PC6) and Shenmen (HT7) acupoints thrice a day for 2 days, whereas those in the control group received routine treatment and did not receive acupressure. The measurement included questionnaires for the collection of general information, physiological information, and disease rating scale. The Visual Analogue Scale‐Pain (VAS‐P) was used to measure the severity of pain. SPSS statistical software was used for data analysis. Independent sample t‐test and chi‐squared test were used for descriptive statistics, and paired t‐test and linear mixed model were used to examine the effect of acupressure in alleviating pain.FindingsAfter acupressure intervention, the pain score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, and this difference was significant β = 17.76, p < 0.001 on day 1 after intervention; β = 19.80, p < 0.001 on day 2 after intervention. The postoperative pain score in the experimental group on day 2 after intervention was significantly lower than that in the control group (t = 2.039, p = 0.044). After the subjects received acupressure, pain index significantly decreased after considering the interaction between time and group (p < 0.001). Regardless of the type of surgery, there were significant differences in pain index when the interaction between time and group was considered (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study provided an experimental basis that acupressure can help in pain management in patients after thoracoscopic surgery, and the pain relief results become more significant as the duration of intervention increases.Clinical relevanceAcupressure is effective in relieving postoperative pain in any type of thoracoscopic surgery. Nurses can use acupressure to help control pain in patients after thoracoscopic surgery.
Preventive effect of swim bladder hydrolysates on cyclophosphamide‐induced ovarian injury in mice
Authors: Ge Enhui , Zha Rui , Gao Qing , Guo Lirong , Wang Binglong , Lin Qiqi , Zhang Guifeng , Xie Weiquan , Yin Hui , Liu Tao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to prepare swim bladder hydrolysate (SBH) with Mn < 4000 Da, and investigate its effects on cyclophosphamide (CTX)‐mediated ovarian injury in mice.MethodsHydrolysates were prepared by heating extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrafiltration. Mn and distribution of SBH were analyzed via gel filtration chromatography and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Changes in the mouse oestrus cycle were determined by cytological examination. The number of follicles was examined using histopathology. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to determine the serum sex hormone levels.ResultsThe Mn of SBH, prepared by heating extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrafiltration, and from different batches, was below 4000 Da, and the preparation process was stable. Compared with the control group, the low‐, middle‐, and high‐dose SBH treatment groups showed different trends in oestrus duration, serum sex hormone levels, and the number of primordial and secondary follicles. The oestrus cycle duration of the high‐dose SBH group was longer than that of the model group. The serum luteinizing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone, and anti‐Müllerian hormone levels in the middle‐dose group were the closest to those of control group. The number of primordial and secondary follicles in the medium‐dose group was significantly higher than that in the model group and closest to those of control group.ConclusionAfter heating extraction, trypsin/Flavourzyme hydrolysis and ultrafiltration, a hydrolysate with Mn below 4000 Da could be prepared. We found that a moderate (400 mg/kg) SBH dose resulted in the greatest effect on ovarian injury remission in mice.
Is periodontitis a risk factor of benign or malignant colorectal tumor? A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Fu Martin M. , Chien Wu‐Chien , Chung Chi‐Hsiang , Lee Wei‐Cheng , Tu Hsiao‐Pei , Fu Earl 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the risk of developing benign or malignant colorectal tumors in patients with periodontitis within 15 years using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Database.BackgroundStudies have shown that colorectal carcinoma often develops under inflammatory conditions and changes of microbiota in the gut. Recently, a link between Fusobacterium nucleatum, a periodontal pathogen, and colorectal carcinoma has been proposed. However, whether periodontitis is a risk of developing colorectal tumor remains uncertain.MethodsIn total, 35 124 participants were enrolled from 2000 to 2015 to examine the development risk of benign colorectal tumors, including 11 708 patients with periodontitis who received therapy (group 1), 11 708 patients with periodontitis not receiving periodontal treatment (group 2), and 11 708 non‐periodontitis controls after matching for gender, age, and index year. To examine the risk of developing colorectal malignancy, 11 720 participants were assigned to each of the three groups. Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan–Meier methods were used to compare the risks. Sensitivity analysis was performed, excluding the diagnoses during the first 1 or 5 years.ResultsAfter the follow‐up, 177, 154, and 63 participants in group 1, group 2, and control group had benign colorectal tumors. Patients with periodontitis tended to be associated with a greater rate of having a benign colorectal tumor. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were 3.77 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.01–4.82, p < .001) and 2.85 (95% CI 1.62–3.74, p < .001) for groups 1 and 2, respectively. Regarding the risk of malignant colorectal tumor, 20, 18, and 14 participants who developed malignant tumors were included in group 1, group 2, and control group; however, no significant increase in malignancy was observed in periodontitis groups (aHR1.92, 95% CI 0.74–2.36, p = .482; aHR 1.50, 95% CI 0.68–1.97, p = .529, for the two periodontitis groups, respectively).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that patients with periodontitis may have an increased risk of developing benign, but not malignant, colorectal tumors.
Measurement and analysis of technological progress bias in China's mariculture industry
Authors: Sun Yanan , Ji Jianyue 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChoosing a technological progress bias that matches the factor endowment structure is significant for optimizing resource allocation and improving productivity. Therefore, in this study, a data envelopment analysis method is applied to calculate the input‐biased technological progress index of China's mariculture industry from 2006 to 2018, measure the bias of technological progress, and analyze its desirability. The results indicate the following: first, there is input‐biased technological progress in various regions and its contribution to the total factor productivity (TFP) in most regions is positive. Second, there are differences in the bias of technological progress during the sample period; that is, the technological progress between capital and labor, capital and mariculture area, and labor and mariculture area, is steadily biased toward using capital and saving labor, is mostly biased toward using capital and saving mariculture area, and is relatively biased toward using mariculture area and saving labor, respectively. Third, the results support constructing factor endowment indicators to analyze the desirability of technological progress bias and discover technological mismatch. Based on the research results, this study presents relevant policy recommendations to promote the scientific development of China's mariculture industry.
Molecular mechanism of albumin in suppressing invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fu Xiao , Yang Yixuan , Zhang Dazhi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsWorldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of death in people. Albumin (ALB) is considered as an important indicator for HCC prognosis, and evidence has shown HCC cell growth can be regulated by ALB. However, the role of ALB in hepatocarcinogenesis and the mechanism of action is still unknown.MethodsThe expression of ALB was determined by clinical profiles, immunohistochemistry, and western blot. Wound healing and Transwell assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of ALB during migration and invasion in HCC. We used mass spectrometry coupled isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)‐technology to identify secretory differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in ALB knockdown HepG2 cells. Western blot, reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay techniques were used for verification.ResultsWe suggested that ALB was associated with aggressive metastasis and depleting ALB significantly promoted invasion and migration of HCC. A total of 210 DEPs were identified after silencing of ALB. We observed that a negative correlation between ALB and urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (uPAR) expression levels.ConclusionsALB acts as a tumour suppressor and plays a key role in HCC progression, particularly in invasion and metastasis. Suppression of ALB promoted migration and invasion of HCC cells by increasing uPAR, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP2), and MMP9.
International medical graduates' experiences before and after migration: A meta‐ethnography of qualitative studies
Authors: Al‐Haddad Mo , Jamieson Susan , Germeni Evi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionInternational medical graduates (IMGs) represent a large portion of practising doctors in many countries. Many experience difficulties, including higher rates of complaints against them and lower exam pass rates. The UK's General Medical Council (GMC) recently set targets to ‘eliminate disproportionate complaints’ and ‘eradicate disadvantage and discrimination in medical education’. Our timely meta‐ethnography aimed to synthesise existing qualitative literature on the wider personal and professional experiences of IMGs to identify factors affecting IMGs' professional practice (either directly or indirectly).MethodsIn September 2019, we systematically searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane, PsycINFO, ERIC and EdResearch for peer‐reviewed qualitative and mixed‐methods articles that described experiences of IMGs. We extracted participant quotes and authors' themes from included articles and used the technique of meta‐ethnography to synthesise the data and develop new overarching concepts.ResultsOf the 1613 articles identified, 57 met our inclusion criteria. In total, the articles corresponded to 46 studies that described the experiences of 1142 IMGs practising in all six continents in a range of settings, including primary and secondary care. We developed five key concepts: migration dimensions (issues considered by IMGs when migrating), a challenging start (the stressful early period), degree of dissonance (between the IMG and host country in relation to the four main barriers of language, culture, medical education and belonging), levelling the playing field (interventions to reduce the impact of the barriers) and survive then thrive (adjustments IMGs made). A conceptual model that brings these constructs together in a line of argument is presented.ConclusionsThis meta‐ethnography, based on a large amount of diverse qualitative studies, is the first to provide a comprehensive picture of the experiences and challenges that IMGs face before and after migration. Our results should be used to guide the development of interventions aiming to support IMGs and meet the GMC targets.
Nurses' practices and obstacles to oral care quality in intensive care units in Upper Egypt
Authors: Abdelhafez Amal Ismael , Tolba Asmaa Atiaa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundOral care is one of the fundamental nursing care procedures used to decrease oral colonization, dental plaque, respiratory infections, and patient stay and cost.AimsThis study aimed to identify intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' self‐assessment of oral care frequency, skill competency, documentation, oral care tools, and obstacles to oral care quality. In addition, it proposed exploring associations between nurses' attitudes about the importance of oral care and the priority of other interventions.Study design and settingA cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted in two ICUs (trauma and general) in the main teaching hospital in Upper Egypt. Of 105 nurses selected using convenience sampling, 91 completed the questionnaire.ResultsAbout 60.4% of ICU nurses did not attend any oral care training programme, 40.7% reported performing oral care four times per shift in intubated patients, 62.6% reported that their skills needed improvement, 37.4% saw themselves as competent, and 86.8% documented oral care in patients' records. Significant positive correlations were found, indicating that nurses' attitudes towards the importance of oral care showed the same tendency as the priority given to other interventions, such as eye care, bowel care, documentation, hygiene, catheters, feeding, and wound care (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.290, 0.511, 0.333, 0.425, 0.431, 0.345, and 0.337, respectively). Furthermore, a toothbrush (84.6%) was often used, while chlorhexidine was not used (90.1%). The major obstacles to the provision of oral care as perceived by the nurses were the fear of aspiration and life‐threatening interventions (95.6%), inadequate nurse–patient ratios (94.5%), irregular competency evaluations (92.3%), unavailability of oral care guidelines (92.3%), and shortage of time (84.6%).ConclusionThe participating nurses were mindful of the importance and priority of oral care. Many of them did not attend oral care training programmes and considered that their skills needed improvement. Moreover, ICU nurses reported many obstacles hindering oral care quality.Relevance to clinical practiceThis research identifies the importance of developing in‐service oral care training programmes to improve ICU nurses' skill competency. High‐quality oral care can be provided by focusing on and overcoming obstacles that hinder nurses' oral care practice.
Infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 among children with asthma: evidence from Global Asthma Network
Authors: Chiang Chen‐Yuan , Ellwood Philippa , Ellwood Eamon , García‐Marcos Luis , Masekela Refiloe , Asher Innes , Badellino Héctor , Sanz Alberto Bercedo , Douros Konstantinos , El Sony Asma , Diaz Carlos González , Rodríguez MS Albi , Moreno‐Salvador Ana , Pérez‐Martini Luis F. , Filho Nelson Rosário , Shpakou Andrei , Sulaimanov Shairbek , Tavakol Marzieh , Valverde‐Molina José , Yousef Abdullah A , Pearce Neil ,   The GAN COVID Study Group
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinical presentations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) among children with asthma have rarely been investigated. This study aimed to assess clinical manifestations and outcome of COVID‐19 among children with asthma, and whether the use of asthma medications was associated with outcomes of interest.MethodsThe Global Asthma Network (GAN) conducted a global survey among GAN centers. Data collection was between November 2020 and April 2021.ResultsFourteen GAN centers from 10 countries provided data on 169 children with asthma infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). COVID‐19 was asymptomatic in 58 (34.3%), mild in 93 (55.0%), moderate in 14 (8.3%), and severe/critical in 4 (2.4%). Thirty‐eight (22.5%) patients had exacerbation of asthma and 21 (12.4%) were hospitalized for a median of 7 days (interquartile range 3–16). Those who had moderate or more severe COVID‐19 were significantly more likely to have exacerbation of asthma as compared to those who were asymptomatic or had mild COVID‐19 (adjusted odds ratio (adjOR) 3.97, 95% CI 1.23–12.84). Those who used inhaled bronchodilators were significantly more likely to have a change of asthma medications (adjOR 2.39, 95% CI 1.02–5.63) compared to those who did not. Children who used inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) did not differ from those who did not use ICS with regard to being symptomatic, severity of COVID‐19, asthma exacerbation, and hospitalization.ConclusionsOver dependence on inhaled bronchodilator may be inappropriate. Use of ICS may be safe and should be continued in children with asthma during the pandemic of COVID‐19.