bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical course and cost assessment of infants with a first episode of acute bronchiolitis presenting to the emergency department: Data from the GUERANDE clinical trial
Authors: Butel Thibault , Angoulvant François , Filipovic‐Pierucci Antoine , Milcent Karen , Teglas Jean‐Paul , Bellêttre Xavier , Claudet Isabelle , Gras‐le Guen Christèle , de Pontual Loïc , Minodier Philippe , Dubos François , Brouard Jacques , Soussan‐Banini Valérie , Degas‐Bussiere Vanessa , Gatin Amélie , Schweitzer Cyril , Epaud Ralph , Ryckewaert Amélie , Cros Pierrick , Marot Yves , Flahaut Philippe , Saunier Pascal , Babe Philippe , Patteau Géraldine , Delebarre Mathilde , Titomanlio Luigi , Vrignaud Bénédicte , Trieu Thanh‐Van , Tahir Abdelilah , Regnard Delphine , Micheau Pascale , Charara Oussama , Henry Simon , Ploin Dominique , Panjo Henri , Vabret Astrid , Bouyer Jean , Durand‐Zaleski Isabelle , Gajdos Vincent 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionBronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization for infants but its economic burden is not well documented. Our objective was to describe the clinical evolution and to assess the 1‐month cost of a first episode of acute bronchiolitis presenting to the emergency department (ED).MethodsOur study was an epidemiologic analysis and a cost study of the cohort drawn from the clinical trial GUERANDE, conducted in 24 French pediatric EDs. Infants of 6 weeks to 12 months of age presenting at pediatric EDs with a first episode of bronchiolitis were eligible. The costs considered were collected from a societal viewpoint, according to the recommendations of the French National Health Authority.ResultsA total of 777 infants were included with a median age of 4 months. A total of 57% were hospitalized during the month following the first consultation in the ED, including 28 (3.6%) in an intensive care unit. The mean length of stay was 4.2 days (SD = 3.7). The average time to relief of all symptoms was 13 days (SD = 7). Average total cost per patient was €1919 (95% confidence interval: 1756–2138) from a societal perspective, mostly due to hospitalization cost. The estimated annual cost of bronchiolitis in infants was evaluated to be between €160 and €273 million in France.DiscussionBronchiolitis represent a high cost for the health care system and broadly for society, with hospitalizations costs being the main cost driver. Thus significant investments should be made to develop innovative therapies, to reduce the number of hospitalizations and length of stay.
The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of the human gut microbiota is associated with prostate enlargement
Authors: Takezawa Kentaro , Fujita Kazutoshi , Matsushita Makoto , Motooka Daisuke , Hatano Koji , Banno Eri , Shimizu Nobutaka , Takao Tetsuya , Takada Shingo , Okada Koichi , Fukuhara Shinichiro , Kiuchi Hiroshi , Uemura Hirotsugu , Nakamura Shota , Kojima Yoshiyuki , Nonomura Norio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe pathophysiology of the prostate enlargement underlying lower urinary tract symptoms is unknown. Meanwhile, the gut microbiota can contribute to various host conditions. We hypothesized that the gut microbiota plays a role in prostate enlargement.MethodsWe included 128 patients who underwent prostate biopsies at our hospitals between December 2018 and March 2020, excluding those who had used antibiotics within the past 6 months and those who were diagnosed with prostate cancer of cT3 or higher. Patients with prostate volumes ≥30 ml were defined as the prostate‐enlargement (PE) group; those with prostate volumes <30 ml were defined as the non‐PE group. Their gut microbiotas were analyzed via 16S rRNA metagenomic analyses of rectal swab samples and were compared between the groups.ResultsThe PE group included 66 patients; the non‐PE group included 62 patients. Age, body mass index, and prostate‐specific antigen levels did not significantly differ between the groups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis indicated a higher proportion of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria in the PE group and a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes in the non‐PE group. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was significantly higher in the PE group than in the non‐PE group (2.21 ± 0.39 vs. 1.61 ± 0.40, p = 0.015).ConclusionThe F/B ratio of the gut microbiota was associated with prostate enlargement. Although the detailed mechanisms are unclear, the gut microbiota might affect prostate enlargement.
Increased risk of postoperative in‐hospital complications after radical prostatectomy in patients with prior organ transplant
Authors: Wenzel Mike , Würnschimmel Christoph , Chierigo Francesco , Tian Zhe , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Terrone Carlo , Saad Fred , Tilki Derya , Graefen Markus , Banek Severiné , Kluth Luis A. , Mandel Philipp , Chun Felix K. H. , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo analyze postoperative, in‐hospital, complication rates in patients with organ transplantation before radical prostatectomy (RP).MethodsFrom National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2000–2015) prostate cancer patients treated with RP were abstracted and stratified according to prior organ transplant versus nontransplant. Multivariable logistic regression models predicted in‐hospital complications.ResultsOf all eligible 202,419 RP patients, 216 (0.1%) underwent RP after prior organ transplantation. Transplant RP patients exhibited higher proportions of Charlson comorbidity index ≥2 (13.0% vs. 3.0%), obesity (9.3% vs. 5.6%, both p < 0.05), versus to nontransplant RP. Of transplant RP patients, 96 underwent kidney (44.4%), 44 heart (20.4%), 40 liver (18.5%), 30 (13.9%) bone marrow, <11 lung (<5%), and <11 pancreatic (<5%) transplantation before RP. Within transplant RP patients, rates of lymph node dissection ranged from 37.5% (kidney transplant) to 60.0% (bone marrow transplant, p < 0.01) versus 51% in nontransplant patients. Regarding in‐hospital complications, transplant patients more frequently exhibited, diabetic (31.5% vs. 11.6%, p < 0.001), major (7.9% vs. 2.9%) cardiac complications (3.2% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.01), and acute kidney failure (5.1% vs. 0.9%, p < 0.001), versus nontransplant RP. In multivariable logistic regression models, transplant RP patients were at higher risk of acute kidney failure (odds ratio [OR]: 4.83), diabetic (OR: 2.81), major (OR: 2.39), intraoperative (OR: 2.38), cardiac (OR: 2.16), transfusion (OR: 1.37), and overall complications (1.36, all p < 0.001). No in‐hospital mortalities were recorded in transplant patients after RP.ConclusionsOf all transplants before RP, kidney ranks first. RP patients with prior transplantation have an increased risk of in‐hospital complications. The highest risk, relative to nontransplant RP patients appears to acute kidney failure.
The role of histopathological and biochemical parameters for predicting metastatic disease on 68Ga‐PSMA‐11 PET in prostate cancer
Authors: Aydos Uğuray , Çetin Serhat , Akdemir Ümit Özgür , Budak Fırat Çağlar , Ateş Seda Gülbahar , Koparal Murat Yavuz , Gönül İpek Işık , Gülbahar Özlem , Sözen Sinan , Atay Lütfiye Özlem 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the role of histopathological and biochemical parameters in the prediction of the presence and number of PSMA positive lesions consistent with the metastatic spread of prostate cancer on 68Ga‐PSMA PET images.MethodsBiochemical, histopathological and imaging data of 302 prostate cancer patients who underwent 68Ga‐PSMA‐11 PET/CT or PET/MR imaging for primary staging were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups as “PET positive” and “PET negative” according to the presence of pathologic extraprostatic PSMA involvement. “PET positive” patients were additionally divided into two groups: oligometastatic (1‐3 metastatic lesion) and multimetastatic (>3 metastatic lesions).ResultsThe mean age of patients was 66.8 ± 7.6 years. Imaging modality was PET/MR in 223 (73.8%) and PET/CT in 79 (26.2%) of patients. Total PSA, PSA density (PSAD), ALP, and tumor ratio in biopsy specimens were found to be significantly higher in “PET positive” group compared to “PET negative” group and in multimetastatic group compared to oligometastatic group. PET positivity was observed in 3.8% of the low‐intermediate risk groups (ISUP 1‐3 and total PSA ≤ 20 ng/ml and PSAD < 0.15 ng/ml/cc). This ratio was 46% in the high‐risk group (ISUP 4‐5 or total PSA > 20 ng/ml or PSAD ≥ 0.15 ng/ml/cc) with a relative risk of 12 (p < .001). The prediction models to predict the PET positivity and the presence of distant metastasis had AUCs of 0.901 and 0.925, respectively; with ALP, total PSA, and tumor ratio in needle biopsy specimen as significant independent predictors (p < .05).ConclusionsIn this study, 68Ga‐PSMA‐11 PET positivity was significantly higher in the high‐risk patient group than in the low‐intermediate risk groups. The prediction models used for predicting the PET positivity and the presence of distant metastasis on PET imaging were successful with high discriminatory powers. In addition to total PSA and ISUP GG, ALP and tumor ratio in biopsy specimens can be used to identify high‐risk patients.
Tissue cholesterol metabolism and prostate cancer aggressiveness: Ethno‐geographic variations
Authors: Lethongsavarn Vincent , Pinault Michèle , Diedhiou Abdoulaye , Guimaraes Cyrille , Guibon Roseline , Bruyère Franck , Mathieu Romain , Rioux‐Leclercq Nathalie , Multigner Luc , Brureau Laurent , Fournier Georges , Doucet Laurent , Blanchet P. , Fromont Gaëlle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is more frequent and more aggressive in populations of African descent than in Caucasians. Since the fatty acid composition of peri‐prostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) has been shown to differ according to the ethno‐geographic origin and is involved in PCa aggressiveness, we aimed to analyze the cholesterol content of PPAT from Caucasian and African‐Caribbean patients, in correlation with markers of disease aggressiveness and cholesterol metabolism in cancer tissues.MethodsThe quantification of cholesterol in PPAT was analyzed in 52 Caucasian and 52 African‐Caribbean PCa patients, with in each group 26 indolent tumors (ISUP Group1 and pT2) and 26 potentially aggressive tumors (ISUP Group 3–5 and/or pT3). The expression of proteins involved in cholesterol metabolism was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on cancer tissue samples included in tissue microarrays.ResultsThe amount of cholesterol esters was lower in PPAT from African‐Caribbean patients compared with Caucasians, without any correlation with markers of disease aggressiveness. In cancer tissues from African‐Caribbean patients, the expression of ABCA1 (involved in cholesterol efflux) was decreased, and that of SREBP‐2 (involved in cholesterol uptake) was increased. In both groups of patients, SREBP‐2 expression was strongly associated with that of Zeb1, a key player in the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process.ConclusionThese results suggest that cholesterol metabolism differs according to the ethno‐geographic origin, in both PPAT and cancer tissues. In African‐Caribbeans, the orientation towards accumulation of cholesterol in cancer cells is associated with a more frequent state of EMT, which may promote PCa aggressiveness in this population.
Cost‐conscious robotic restorative proctectomy has similar economic and oncologic outcomes to open restorative proctectomy: Results of a long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Cengiz Turgut Bora , Benlice Cigdem , Ozgur Ilker , Kaya Gizem , Aytac Erman , Kalady Matthew F. , Steele Scott R. , Liska David , Gorgun Emre 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we hypothesised that the direct hospital costs of robotic restorative proctectomy (RP) would be similar to those of open RP when a cost‐conscious approach was employed in rectal cancer patients.MethodsWe included consecutive patients with rectal cancer who underwent RP between 12/2011 and 10/2014. A cost‐conscious approach was employed in robotic surgery. We compared demographics, long‐term oncologic outcomes, and direct hospital costs between the open and robotic groups.ResultsThere were 32 robotic and 68 open RP procedures performed. Compared to open RP, the robotic RP group had a longer operative time but less estimated blood loss, intraoperative transfusions, overall short‐term morbidity, decreased length of stay. After the initial five robotic cases, overall hospital costs were comparable between the groups (1 ± 0.5 vs. 1 ± 0.4, open and robotic RP, respectively, p = 0.90).ConclusionIncreasing surgeon experience and a cost‐conscious approach may improve the value of care of robotic RP in patients with rectal cancer.
The impact of social distancing on community case count in the United States: Testing the efficacy of protection motivation theory during early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Yeom Minkyu , Stewart Fran , Stewart Alice 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCenturies of practice and an array of public health literature support social distancing (SD), or self‐quarantine, as a valuable nonpharmaceutical intervention. To convince individuals to engage in behaviors that limit infection, public health professionals communicate risk and hazard based on application of protection motivation theory (PMT). The COVID‐19 pandemic presents an opportunity to explore the efficacy of PMT in the context of a novel coronavirus with unique public health implications. We test an integrative conceptual model of social distancing compliance in U.S. counties and examine the mediating impact of SD on community spread of infection. We find that PMT does impact individual behavior, observing that the proportion of vulnerable populations affects social distancing compliance. However, actions to protect individual health are made within the context of economic concerns and priorities. While results indicate that PMT influences behavior, the expected relationship between that behavior and spread of disease in the community is not found. We do not repudiate SD or the value of PMT, but we suggest that these results may indicate that communication of risk in the context of COVID‐19 may need community, as well as individual, framing.
A Ratiometric pH Responsive Fluorescence Probe for Monitoring Wide pH Range
Authors: Sahana Sunanda , Sharma Vivekanand , Bharadwaj Parimal K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA novel ratiometric pH probe has been designed and synthesized on a Rhodamine B platform bearing one anthraquinone moiety and the photochemical properties of this system are evaluated. Changing the pH from acidic to basic condition, this probe exhibited 92 nm red‐shift of the emission maximum. This change is sufficiently large to permit its use as a ratiometric pH probe. With fast response time this chemosensor is fully reversible which is important and advantageous for practical applications. Furthermore, the pKa values of this probe can be predicted from the fluorescence titration. This design strategy is very simple and being modular, can be applicable to develop ratiometric pH probes for various applications.
Allometric Regression of Snake Body Length from Head Image Measurements
Authors: SIERS SHANE R. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTAs in many fields of wildlife research and management, camera devices and photogrammetry have become an integral part of the toolkit for exploring otherwise‐unseen aspects of the biology, behavior, and control of the invasive brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) on Guam. Because brown treesnakes are cryptic and nocturnal, and nearly all aspects of their ecology are influenced by snake size, methods are needed to estimate snake size from images captured by infrared wildlife cameras. Unfortunately, it is difficult to capture images of an entire snake's length at a controlled distance from a simple camera setup. Here, I describe the allometric relationships between brown treesnake body length and potential predictors: head measurements, sex, and body condition. Head length (HL) was the most important predictor of body length, alone accounting for 95.9% of the variation in brown treesnake snout‐vent length (SVL). We provide simple regression equations for predicting brown treesnake length from head measurements, an example of how to extract measurements from images, and a convenient lookup table for predicting SVL and 80% prediction intervals from HL alone. Coupled with a simple camera setup that controls subject distance and includes size standards in the image, we can estimate brown treesnake body size from images that include only the head when photographed from above. These methods have been developed to enable ongoing assessments of brown treesnake predation risk following landscape‐scale suppression efforts that could enable the reintroduction of extirpated native wildlife. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Wildlife Society Bulletin published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Novel drawing system approach to manufacture performant commercially pure aluminium fine wires
Authors: Caruso Serafino , Ambrogio Giuseppina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDue to its electro-mechanical properties, commercially pure aluminium wires have attracted the interest of automotive industry representing a functional and efficient economic solution to reduce vehicle’s weight leading to the diminishing of energy consumption and emissions in today’s society. However, to consolidate its use in this sector and in new market realities, it is necessary to increase the flexibility of the aluminium conductor wires, consenting their installation in very small spaces and with high curvatures, avoiding any failure and electrical conductivity decrease. Thus, the evolution of microstructure and service performance needs to be investigated and controlled to improve the service safety. The present research shows a new approach to continuously manufacture efficient long wires with smaller diameters and fine grains at room temperature. It is studied the strengthening effects (yield and tensile strength, plasticity, hardness), the electrical conductivity, and the microstructural changes of commercial 1370 pure aluminium (99.7% Al) when traditional wire drawing process is combined with equal channel angular drawing (ECAD) technique. The results of this proposed procedure of deformation “drawing-ECAD-drawing” show an evident benefit, compared to the classic technology of production of aluminium wire, obtaining fine grain structure product with superior mechanical strength and not influenced electrical conductivity. The proposed manufacturing approach leads to fine wires enhancing the material mechanical properties by microstructural evolution (i.e. grain size reduction) avoiding the traditional post manufacturing thermal treatments requiring a high amount of energy and time and careful steps.
Safety pharmacology of acute LSD administration in healthy subjects
Authors: Holze Friederike , Caluori Toya V. , Vizeli Patrick , Liechti Matthias E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Rationale
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is used in psychiatric and psychological research and investigated as a potential treatment for medical and psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, and cluster headache.

Objectives
Safety data on clinical safety are available from small studies but not from larger samples. We report safety pharmacology data from a large pooled study sample on acute effects of LSD in healthy subjects.

Methods
We conducted a pooled analysis of four double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover studies that included a total of 83 healthy subjects and 131 single-dose administrations of LSD. LSD administrations were matched to dose groups according to measured LSD peak plasma concentrations to adjust for uncertainties in the correct LSD dose in some studies. Single doses were 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg of LSD base. We investigated subjective effects (self-rated any drug effect, good drug effect, bad drug effect, and anxiety), blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, duration of the acute LSD response, acute (12 h) and subacute (24 h) adverse effects, reports of flashbacks, and liver and kidney function before and after the studies.

Results
LSD dose-dependently increased subjective, physiologic, and adverse effects. The dose–response curves for the proportions of subjects with a certain amount of a subjective effect were steeper and reached a higher maximum for positive acute subjective effects compared with negative acute subjective effects. Maximal ratings of > 50% good drug effects were reached in 37%, 91%, 96%, and 91% of the LSD administrations at 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg. Maximal ratings of > 50% bad drug effects were reached in 0%, 9%, 27%, 31% at 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg, respectively. Mean ratings of Oceanic Boundlessness were 10%, 25%, 41%, and 44%, and mean ratings of Anxious Ego-Dissolution were 3.4%, 13%, 20%, and 22% at 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg, respectively. The physiologic effects of LSD were moderate. None of the subjects had systolic blood pressure > 180 mmHg at any time. Peak heart rate > 100 beats/min was observed in 0%, 6%, 20%, and 25% of the subjects at 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg, respectively. Maximal heart rates of 129 and 121 beats/min were observed in one subject at the 50 and 200 µg doses, respectively. Peak body temperature > 38° was observed in 0%, 11%, 7%, and 34% at 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg, respectively. Mean acute adverse effect scores on the List of Complaints were 5.6, 9.2, 12, and 13 at 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg, respectively. Kidney and liver function parameters were unaltered. Six subjects reported transient flashback phenomena.

Conclusions
The single-dose administration of LSD is safe in regard to acute psychological and physical harm in healthy subjects in a controlled research setting.