bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and organic labeling on Swiss consumers’ acceptance of pork salami
Authors: Meier Claudia , Harms Eugenia , Früh Barbara , Stoffers Helena , Bee Giuseppe , Hugelshofer Diana Hartig , Quander-Stoll Nele , Stolz Hanna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPork salami with a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may be unappealing for consumers as it is more prone to the development of off-flavors and a “greasy” texture. In Switzerland, a share of more than 15.5% PUFA in back fat is penalized with a payment deduction of minimally CHF 0.10 per kilogram carcass weight. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of different PUFA levels and organic labeling on Swiss consumers’ acceptance of pork salami. We conducted a sensory consumer experiment, following a two-factorial treatment structure, crossing the factor “PUFA level” (15.4% PUFA in back fat vs. 18.3% PUFA in back fat) and the factor “information on production system” (blind vs. non-organic vs. organic). Consumer acceptance was captured using a 9-point hedonic scale for overall liking and an open-ended willingness to pay question. Furthermore, participants had the opportunity to comment on their sensory experience for each product in an open text question. An increased PUFA content in back fat of 18.3% vs. 15.4% did not lead to a significant difference in consumer acceptance of pork salami in either of the three information conditions, even though, as identified in the analysis of open comments, the high-PUFA salami tended to be more often perceived as “softer” and/or “more greasy”. In contrast, consumer acceptance of both the high- and low-PUFA salami was significantly higher under the “organic” than under either the “non-organic” or blind tasting conditions. Based on this study, a PUFA content in back fat of up to 18% is not expected to have a negative impact on consumer acceptance of pork salami. Therefore, and based on previous findings, we recommend to adapt the Swiss pork fat quality grading system to account for this higher acceptable PUFA limit of 18%. Future research should further explore trade-offs between sensory quality, sustainability, and healthiness while taking consumers’ heterogeneity into account.
Who are We, and Who (or What) Do We Want to Become? An Evolutionary Perspective on Biotransformative Technologies
Authors: Lyons-Weiler James 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHuman evolution sits at several important thresholds. In organic evolution, interplay between exogenous environmental and genetic factors rendered new phenotypes at rates limited by genetic variation. The interplay took place on adaptive fitness landscapes determined by correspondence of genetic and environmental relationships. Human evolution involved important emergences that altered the adaptive landscape: language, writing, organized societies, science, and the internet. These endogenous factors ushered in transformative periods leading to more rapidly evolving emergences. I explore the impact of development of emerging biotransformative technologies capable of being applied to effect self-genetic modification and artificial intelligence-augmented cognition on the evolutionary landscape of phenotypes important to cognitive plasticity. Interaction effects will yield unanticipated emergences resulting in hyperrealm adaptive landscapes with more rapid evolutionary processes that feed back upon more fundamental levels while vastly outpacing organic evolution. Emerging technologies exist that are likely to impact the evolution of cognitive plasticity in humans in ways and at rates that will lead to societal upheaval. I show that the theoretical contribution of organic evolution in future human evolution is expected to become comparatively insignificant relative to that made by endogenous environmental factors such as external cognition aids and manipulation of the human genome. The results support the conclusion of a strong recommendation of a moratorium on the adoption of any technology capable of completely altering the course of human evolution.
Inclusive second level Religious Education in Ireland today: what do teachers say?
Authors: Meehan Amalee , Laffan Derek A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Irish religious landscape is changing. Census data reveal that the percentage of those who identify as Catholic is in steady decline, while the proportion of those with no religion continues to rise. Christian religious practice in Ireland is also decreasing, especially among young people. Catholic schools, once the dominant provider of second level education, are now in a minority. This changing landscape has influenced Religious Education in second level schools. It is now an optional subject, and the historic tradition of denominational, confessional Religious Education has given way to an approach designed to be inclusive of students of all faith and none. Yet the surrounding discourse is unsupported by the perspectives of Religious Education teachers. This study attempts to address this knowledge gap by investigating their views and experiences, particularly with regard to inclusion. Results indicate that teachers are concerned about ‘religious students’. Whereas new to the Irish context, this reflects international research which suggests that in a rapidly secularising society, those who continue to practise any faith, especially the once-majority faith, are vulnerable. Findings signpost evidence of this, with RE teachers most concerned about the bullying of Catholic students and least concerned about the bullying of atheists.
A Trauma-Informed Transition Model for New Entrants with Dysregulated Behaviours
Authors: Hunter-Dehn A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Riroriro programme was a response to the needs of children with extremely dysregulated classroom behaviours, resulting from sustained exposure to traumatic high-stress and high-deprivation environments from pre-birth to school age. Evaluation of the accounts of key individuals involved in the pilot found that participants had improved emotional regulation abilities and interpersonal skills during and up to 1 year after the intervention. Academic performance was not improved significantly, but the interviewees’ accounts suggested that “academic readiness” had been achieved. In line with previous studies, the results indicate preliminary support for the effectiveness of the Riroriro programme in supporting children who have experienced trauma to become mainstream classroom ready. These results suggest that a whole-school, multi-tiered approach providing support at the student, school personnel and system levels can help mitigate the effects of trauma.
Digitalisierung in Angeboten der Erwachsenenbildung/Weiterbildung
Authors: Egetenmeyer Regina , Kröner Stefanie , Thees Anne 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDigitalisierung und Mediatisierung prägen die Gesellschaft und auch die Erwachsenenbildung/Weiterbildung. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie Digitalisierung in Angeboten der Erwachsenenbildung/Weiterbildung gelingt. Damit wird ein Fokus auf den Einsatz digitaler Medien gelegt. Dazu werden die Angebotsentwicklung für Adressatinnen und Adressaten sowie Teilnehmende, medienbezogene Inhalte, Lehr- und Lernarrangements mit digitalen Medien, der Einsatz digitaler Medien und die Zugänglichkeit von Lehr- und Lernmaterialien als relevante Merkmale identifiziert. Insgesamt zeigen die analysierten Interviewdaten, dass der Einsatz digitaler Medien in Angeboten eine Erweiterung der didaktischen Aufgaben darstellt, da Angebote mit digitalen Medien zielgenau auf die Bedarfe und Möglichkeiten von Adressatinnen und Adressaten sowie Teilnehmenden abgestimmt werden müssen.
Energy and seismic drawbacks of masonry: a unified retrofitting solution
Authors: Longo F. , Cascardi A. , Lassandro P. , Aiello M. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAll over the world, a large part of existing buildings is not adequate to satisfy the safety requirement and the thermal comfort criteria. For this reason, the interest in structural and energy retrofitting systems has steadily grown in the last decades. In this scenario, an innovative thermal resistant geopolymer mortar has been developed and used for Inorganic Matrix Composite (IMC) systems aimed to a combined seismic and energy new retrofitting technique. The geopolymer-based IMC is able to ensure competitive mechanical properties with respect to the traditional lime-based IMCs and, at the same time, a significant reduction in thermal conductivity. In this paper, an experimental program is reported considering small-scaled masonry panels with double-side IMC-retrofitting and determining both the in-plane shear strength and the thermal resistance. The experimental shear tests are aimed to compare the mechanical performance of the geopolymer innovative systems with those of the traditional lime-based ones. Moreover, the thermal resistance gain of the innovative solutions was measured and compared with traditional systems. The results evidenced the effectiveness of the proposed technique that significantly improved the performances of masonry walls from both the thermal and the mechanical point of view.
(Krebs)stammzellen in der Prostata
Authors: Santer Frédéric R. 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDas normale Prostatagewebe geht aus der Gewebsstammzelle hervor und beinhaltet 3 Abstammungslinien: basal, luminal und neuroendokrin. Es gibt sowohl basale als auch luminale Vorläuferzellen, welche beide fähig sind, den sekretorischen luminalen Zellphänotyp auszubilden. Ähnlich wie im normalen Prostatagewebe gibt es im Krebsgewebe eine Zellhierarchie, also Zellen mit unterschiedlichem Differenzierungsgrad. Dabei besitzen nur wenige entartete Zellen die Fähigkeit, einen neuen Tumor zu initiieren, diese werden daher Krebsstammzellen genannt. Die Prostatakrebsstammzellen können basalen oder luminalen Ursprungs sein und generieren androgenabhängige, sekretorische luminale Krebszellen. Die Krebsstammzellen selbst sind androgenunabhängig und stehen am Ursprung des kastrationsresistenten Prostatakarzinoms. Generell sind Krebsstammzellen ursächlich für Therapieresistenzen und Rezidive, da sie unempfindlicher gegenüber gängigen Krebstherapien sind. Die Entwicklung von krebsstammzellspezifischen Therapien ist schwierig und erfordert ein besseres Verständnis der normalen und entarteten Stamm- und Vorläuferzellen und der Zellhierarchie in der Prostata.
Automated invasive cervical cancer disease detection at early stage through suitable machine learning model
Authors: Jahan Sohely , Islam M. D. Saimun , Islam Linta , Rashme Tamanna Yesmin , Prova Ayesha Aziz , Paul Bikash Kumar , Islam M. D. Manowarul , Mosharof Mohammed Khaled 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCervical cancer is a common cancer that affects women all over the world. This is the fourth leading cause of death among women and has no symptoms in its early stages. At the cervix, cervical cancer cells develop slowly. If it can be detected early, this cancer can be successfully treated. Health professionals are now facing a major challenge in detecting such cancer until it spreads rapidly. This study applied various machine learning classification methods to predict cervical cancer using risk factors. The main aim of this research work is to be described of the performance variation of eight most classifications algorithm to detect cervical cancer disease based on the selection of various top features sets from the dataset. Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Random Forest and k-Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, SVC, Gradient Boosting, AdaBoost are examples of machine learning classification algorithms that have been used to predict cervical cancer and help in early diagnosis. A variety of approaches are used to avoid missing values in the dataset. To choose the various best features, a combination of feature selection techniques such as Chi-square, SelectBest and Random Forest was used. The performance of those classifications is evaluated using the accuracy, recall, precision and f1-score parameters. On a variety of top feature sets, MLP outperformed other classification models. The majority of classification models, on the other hand, claim to have the highest accuracy on the top 25 features in dataset splitting ratio (70:30). For each model, the percentage of correctly classified instances has been presented and all of the results are then discussed. Medical professionals will be able to use the suggested approach to perform research on cervical cancer.
Resilient modulus and cumulative plastic strain of frozen silty clay under dynamic aircraft loading
Authors: Liu Xiaolan , Zhang Xianmin , Wang Xiaojiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper describes an investigation into the factors influencing the resilient modulus and cumulative plastic strain of frozen silty clay. A series of dynamic triaxial tests are conducted to analyze the influence of the temperature, confining pressure, frequency, and compaction degree on the resilient modulus and cumulative plastic strain of frozen silty clay samples. The results show that when the temperature is below − 5 °C, the resilient modulus decreases linearly, whereas when the temperature is above − 5 °C, the resilient modulus decreases according to a power function. The resilient modulus increases logarithmically when the frequency is less than 2 Hz and increases linearly once the frequency exceeds 2 Hz. The resilient modulus increases as the confining pressure and compaction degree increase. The cumulative plastic strain decreases as the temperature decreases and as the confining pressure, frequency, and compaction degree increase. The research findings provide valuable information for the design, construction, operation, maintenance, safety, and management of airport engineering in frozen soil regions.
Delivering User Experience over Networks: Towards a Quality of Experience Centered Design Cycle for Improved Design of Networked Applications
Authors: Seufert Anika , Schröder Svenja , Seufert Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo deliver the best user experience (UX), the human-centered design cycle (HCDC) serves as a well-established guideline to application developers. However, it does not yet cover network-specific requirements, which become increasingly crucial, as most applications deliver experience over the Internet. The missing network-centric view is provided by Quality of Experience (QoE), which could team up with UX towards an improved overall experience. By considering QoE aspects during the development process, it can be achieved that applications become network-aware by design. In this paper, the Quality of Experience Centered Design Cycle (QoE-CDC) is proposed, which provides guidelines on how to design applications with respect to network-specific requirements and QoE. Its practical value is showcased for popular application types and validated by outlining the design of a new smartphone application. We show that combining HCDC and QoE-CDC will result in an application design, which reaches a high UX and avoids QoE degradation.
Hematospermia Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Sexual Ramifications: A Narrative Review
Authors: Drury Robert H. , King Brendan , Herzog Bryan , Hellstrom Wayne J.G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionHematospermia (HS) is the presence of blood in ejaculatory fluid. It is a rare condition that is historically idiopathic or associated with sexual behavior. Technological advances have identified many of the etiologies behind HS, improving treatment. Though often benign, HS remains a source of considerable sexual anxiety for patients. Few papers have outlined a diagnostic and therapeutic approach to HS, and none have explicitly addressed its sexual consequences.ObjectivesTo provide a comprehensive overview of HS, emphasizing its sexual ramifications.MethodsA PubMed literature search was performed through May 2021 to identify all relevant publications related to etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and sexual effects of HS. Original research and reviews were analyzed, and pertinent studies were included in this review.ResultsIatrogenic interventions (eg, transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies) are the most common cause of HS. Infection and/or nonspecific inflammation is the most common non-iatrogenic etiology. Malignancies, including prostate, testicular, and other genitourinary cancers, are rarely the cause of HS. Diagnostic approaches to HS can be organized according to patient age (less than or greater than 40 years old), persistence of bleeding, and the presence/absence of concerning symptoms. Though HS often spontaneously resolves, treatment may require various medications (eg, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories) or surgical interventions. HS has several sexual ramifications, including libido-affecting anxiety, social repercussions from sexual partners and non-sexual affiliates, increased risk of erectile dysfunction or transmission of sexual infections, and compromised fertility, especially when cryopreservation is utilized.ConclusionHS may significantly affect sexual health through several mechanisms, though there is a paucity of formal data on this subject. Further research is needed to fully understand the severity and extent of HS's effect on sexual well-being, especially in those with refractory bleeding.
The Swiss Human Rights Due Diligence Legislation: Between Law and Politics
Authors: BUENO Nicolas , KAUFMANN Christine 
Published: September 2021

On 29 November 2020, Swiss citizens voted on a popular constitutional initiative, known as the Swiss Responsible Business Initiative.1 The vote was triggered by an initiative signed by more than the required 100,000 Swiss citizens who used their constitutional right to ask for an amendment of the Swiss Constitution by introducing a new provision on mandatory human rights due diligence and corporate liability. For such an initiative to be successful, both the majority of the people as well as of the cantons (states) is required. While 50.7 per cent of the participating voters accepted the initiative, the proposal did not reach the majority of the cantons and therefore the Responsible Business Initiative was rejected. Its rejection nevertheless triggered the adoption of new reporting and due diligence obligations relating to conflict minerals and child labour, which the Parliament had promised to adopt in case the Responsible Business Initiative was rejected.2 This contribution outlines the content of the newly adopted human rights due diligence legislation that will reflect the due diligence standard for companies in Switzerland for the years to come. It also aims to inform policy makers in other countries by describing the political struggle underlying the adoption of mandatory human rights due diligence in Switzerland.
Intrinsic density, asymptotic computability, and stochasticity
Authors: Miller Justin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere are many computational problems which are generally “easy” to solve but have certain rare examples which are much more difficult to solve. One approach to studying these problems is to ignore the difficult edge cases. Asymptotic computability is one of the formal tools that uses this approach to study these problems. Asymptotically computable sets can be thought of as almost computable sets, however every set is computationally equivalent to an almost computable set. Intrinsic density was introduced as a way to get around this unsettling fact, and which will be our main focus.Of particular interest for the first half of this dissertation are the intrinsically small sets, the sets of intrinsic density
$0$
. While the bulk of the existing work concerning intrinsic density was focused on these sets, there were still many questions left unanswered. The first half of this dissertation answers some of these questions. We proved some useful closure properties for the intrinsically small sets and applied them to prove separations for the intrinsic variants of asymptotic computability. We also completely separated hyperimmunity and intrinsic smallness in the Turing degrees and resolved some open questions regarding the relativization of intrinsic density.For the second half of this dissertation, we turned our attention to the study of intermediate intrinsic density. We developed a calculus using noncomputable coding operations to construct examples of sets with intermediate intrinsic density. For almost all
$r\in (0,1)$
, this construction yielded the first known example of a set with intrinsic density r which cannot compute a set random with respect to the r-Bernoulli measure. Motivated by the fact that intrinsic density coincides with the notion of injection stochasticity, we applied these techniques to study the structure of the more well-known notion of MWC-stochasticity.Abstract prepared by Justin Miller.E-mail: jmille74@nd.eduURL: https://curate.nd.edu/show/6t053f4938w
Differential effects of resource scarcity and pathogen prevalence on heterosexual women's facial masculinity preferences
Authors: Saribay S. Adil , Tureček Petr , Paluch Rüzgar , Kleisner Karel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present research focused on how environmental harshness may affect heterosexual women's preferences of potential male mates’ facial characteristics, namely masculinity–femininity. The evidence on this issue is mixed and mostly from Western samples. We aimed to provide causal evidence using a sample of Turkish women and Turkish male faces. A video-based manipulation was developed to heighten environmental harshness perceptions. In the main experiment, participants were primed with resource scarcity, pathogen prevalence or neither (control). They then saw masculinised vs. feminised versions of the same faces and indicated the face that they would prefer for a long-term relationship and separately rated the faces on various dimensions. In general, masculinised faces were perceived as slightly more attractive, slightly healthier and much more formidable. A multilevel Bayesian model showed that pathogen prevalence lowered the preference for masculinised faces while resource scarcity weakly elevated it. The overall drop in attractiveness ratings in cases of high perceived pathogen prevalence, one of the strongest effects we observed, suggests that during epidemics, the formation of new relationships is not a favourable strategy. Implications for evolutionary theories of mate preference are discussed.
Bringing the Legislature Back In: Examining the Structural Effects of National Legislatures on Effective Democratic Governance
Authors: Tusalem Rollin F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExtant research in comparative politics has examined the role of institutional frameworks such as constitutional design, the nature of the electoral systems, parliamentarism and federalism on the quality of governance. Understanding variations on effective democratic governance has assumed a state-centric approach that has largely neglected how strong legislatures can drastically affect political outcomes. This study finds empirical evidence that the strength of national legislatures (in terms of its influence over the executive, institutional autonomy, its specified powers and institutional capacity) is correlated to effective democratic governance as measured by voice and accountability, governmental effectiveness, regulatory quality, control of corruption and rule of law entrenchment based on a cross-national analysis of 150 countries with available data from the period 1996–2016. The results hold even when the sample is restricted to developing countries, where party systems are more likely to be under-institutionalized. A sensitivity analysis also confirms that the relationship between strong legislatures and effective democratic governance is not attenuated or conditioned by its interactive effect with other institutional arrangements. Implications suggest that the substantive strength of national legislatures promotes higher levels of democratic accountability, and that the international community must focus on frameworks that strengthen global legislatures to avert political instability and creeping authoritarianism.