bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Greenhouse with Root Dipping Technique Hydroponics Structure to Test the Performance of Jute Mallow
Authors: Olubanjo Obafemi O. , Adaramola Oluwafemi D. , Alade Adebolu E. 
Published: August 2021

An agriculture system known as hydroponic is a modern-day agricultural practice. Since it does not require soil for crops to grow, it is therefore referring to as soilless farming. It is a good alternative for producing healthy crops and vegetables, free from soil-borne pathogens as it is not growing on soil. Does every crop perform well on hydroponic systems? To know this answer, we carried out this experiment to test the performance of jute mallow in a newly developed greenhouse and root dipping hydroponic systems developed at the Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering experimental farm at Oba-nla, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. To compare its growth, we planted them on raised soil beds even though plants perform better on raised soil beds above on the ground soil. To compare the growth parameter of all plants we collected data of plant height, stem girth, and leaf number. We also measured the yield for each crop at the end of the experiment. The crops performed well on root dipping hydroponic systems than conventional planting systems (soil). The results showed that the root dipping system for jute mallow gave the highest plant height (19.79 cm), the number of leaves (30.93), and stem girth (0.4450 cm) while the soil conventional farming system for this vegetable gave the lowest plant height (17.99 cm,), the number of leaves (27.96) and stem girth (0.4159 cm) respectively. Higher yields were also recorded from the root dipping system for vegetables while conventional farming had the least yield. The root dipping system for this vegetable recorded significantly higher fruit weight (133.52 kg) fresh weight of stem (195.29 kg) and fresh weight of root (79.34 kg) respectively while conventional farming had the least fruit weight (121.81 kg), fresh weight of stem (177.12 kg) and fresh weight of root (72.32 kg) respectively. The different treatment applied affects the physiological appearance and the yields of the crops significantly (p<0.05) couple with its physicochemical features. The fruits and vegetables' mineral and proximate composition were within the recommended range by World Health Organization (WHO) but were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the effects of the treatment as a result of its physicochemical features. From the result of this investigation, it, therefore, suggested that soilless agriculture should be practiced and invested in by farmers and entrepreneurs most especially in environments where there is no availability of arable land.
Intestinal Parasites Infestation among People Living with HIV under Antiretroviral Therapy in Peri-urban Area of Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Taheu Christian Ngounouh , Meliedje Christelle Diane Tchumtchoua , Bong Gilbert Gauthier Bong , Ngo Likeng Julienne Louise , Ghomsi Fabrice Mbakop , Nkoth Abel Fils , Nguwoh Philippe Salomon , Nguwoh Philippe Salomon , Fokam Joseph 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) targets the body's defense system and leads to a decrease in CD4 T-cells in lymphoid tissues associated with intestinal mucosa, leading to an imbalance in the gastrointestinal tract. This study was performed to determine the intestinal parasites infestation among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in peri-urban area in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Methods: A retro-prospective, prospective, and descriptive study was carried out from January-March 2017 to the Care Unit of the Nkolondom II Catholic Medical Center in Yaoundé on 96 PLHIV after providing informed consent. On each stool sample collected, intestinal parasites testing was performed by using direct examination with physiological saline and Lugol's iodine, Ritchie's technique (formol/ether, 10%) and by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 17 software, with all P <0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 52.08% (50/96) were infested with various parasites: Cryptosporidium parvum (72.88%), Cyclospora cayetanensis (10.17%), Entamoeba histolytica (8.47%), Entamoeba coli (5.08%), Ascaris lumbricoїdes (1.70%) and Giardia lamblia (1.70%). Parasite’s prevalence was more observed in women (74.00%; 37/50) compared with men (26.00% [13/50]). Depending on immunity, immuno-compromised patients (CD4 count ≤500 cells/mm3) were more infested (82.00%; 41/50) versus (vs) 18.00% (9/50), OR: 1.60 (95%CI: 0.60-4.60).
Conclusion: Intestinal parasites infestation is reported to be high among people under ART in Cameroon's Yaoundé locality, with Cryptosporidium parvum being the predominant circulating species in this locality.
Legislative regulation of powers of local government bodies in the field of environmental protection
Authors: Slivka M.M. , Lesko N.V. 
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the study of legislative regulation of the powers of local governments in the field of environmental protection and the development of proposals for their improvement.
It is noted that local governments occupy an separate and independent place in the mechanism of public administration, which indicates their special administrative and legal status.
It is emphasized that local self-government bodies should be endowed with a sufficient amount of powers that would allow them to protect the interests of the administrative-territorial community in the field of environmental protection as effectively as possible.
It is stated that the Constitution as the Basic Law of the state, taking into account the global importance of the issue of environmental protection should clearly and without any ambiguity in interpretation contain an article according to which local governments will be empowered to exercise primary control over environmental protection. natural environment at the local level and bringing perpetrators to justice.
It is proposed to supplement Article 15 of the Law of Ukraine «On Environmental Protection», which defines the powers of local councils in the field of environmental protection, paragraph «й» of the following content: "decide to bring to administrative responsibility those guilty of violating legislation in the field of environmental protection environment of individuals and / or legal entities ".
It is highlighted that based on the analysis of Part 4 of Art. 42 of the Law of Ukraine «On Local Self-Government in Ukraine», village, town, city mayor have a wide range of powers, but among these powers there are no ones that would give them the right to monitor compliance with environmental legislation in the region and bring perpetrators to justice.
It is emphasized that local governments are given broad powers in terms of controling the activities of economic entities and they should be included as a subject of a lawsuit in accordance with Art. 16 of the Law of Ukraine "On Environmental Impact Assessment" in case of violations in the field of environmental impact assessment.
Transfer of ownership on the basis of a sales agreement: some legal nuances
Authors: Gudima M.M. 
Published: August 2021

The publication is devoted to the analysis of some legal nuances of the transfer of ownership under a sales contract. First, the article describes the general characteristics of contracts aimed at the transfer of ownership and determines the place of a sales contract in their system. It is further established that the moment of transfer of ownership on the basis of a sales contract is not always tied to the time of the contract conclusion.
Some special norms on the transfer of ownership, which are contained in the general provisions on purchase and sale, are analyzed and their limitations and superficiality are revealed. The absence of special legal regulation stipulated an appeal to the General Part of the Civil Code of Ukraine, where the general rule enshrines the practice of recognizing the moment of acquisition of ownership at the time of transfer for all contracts. Therefore, the paper further analyzes the requirement that the seller’s obligation to transfer the thing is considered fulfilled, which raised doubts about the success of the legislator to give such importance to the transfer while investing only one-sided meaning. Since the position is expressed and substantiated that the transfer of ownership cannot occur at the time of transfer of the goods by the seller, but in case of non-acceptance by the buyer. An important argument in favor of the latter thesis is the legislator’s diverge of the provisions on the transfer of ownership and the transfer of the risk of accidental destruction or accidental damage to goods in certain rules, correctly assuming the possibility of mismatch of the above moments.
The publication emphasizes that even taking into account the moment of acceptance of the goods by the buyer when determining the moment of transfer of ownership is not always able to solve practical problems that may arise during the transfer of ownership under a sales contract, therefore, a conclusion is formulated on the need to revise the general legislative approach to determining the moment of transfer of ownership and its binding not to a unilateral act (transfer of the thing), but to the moment of action by the other party to the contract aimed at its goal achieving. Given that a sales contract is paid, it is determined that the moment of transfer of ownership should be considered the moment of receipt of counter-satisfaction by the counterparty under the contract (the buyer’s payment of the price for the purchased thing).
Legal nature of the ivsc international standards
Authors: Shapoval T.V. 
Published: August 2021

The article is focused on legal nature of International Valuation Standards Committee (renamed to International Valuation Standards Council in 2008) and implementation of its valuation standards by states and international organizations. The paper concentrates on legal gaps regarding the application aspects of property value calculations in international law. Treaties do not provide substantial determinacy, include no instruction or the appropriate methodology on numerous calculation issues and typically set forth only basic standard of valuation such as standard of fair market value of property for the calculation of compensation. It shows that lack of standards for determining awards of compensation creates a source of uncertainty for protection in international public law. The issue discusses a framework where international valuation standards of international non-governmental organizations are given legal weight and serve as guidelines for the calculation of awards. After establishing the legal basis for an award, tribunals use their impression of valuation best practices as well as discretion to conduct the analysis. The result depends on the assumptions and philosophy of the adjudicating tribunal. It is emphasized that international arbitration practice in measures of compensation should be based on principles of fairness and reasonableness.
Part of the issue is based on Directive of European Union with provisions that valuation standards of states should take into account internationally recognised valuation standards, in particular those developed by the International Valuation Standards Committee, the European Group of Valuers’ Associations or the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors. Member states of European Union admitted valuation standards of international non-governmental organizations as reliable standards for the credit purposes after the financial crisis, which has shown that irresponsible behaviour by market participants can undermine the foundations of the financial system leading to potentially severe social and economic consequences.
Typologization of legal families: rethinking classification criteria and species composition
Authors: Mikhailina T.V. , Gotsulyak Y.V. 
Published: August 2021

The scientific article is devoted to rethinking the criteria for typologization of legal families and their species composition in the modern world.
Based on the analysis, it is concluded that when unifying different approaches to the classification criteria for dividing legal systems into legal families, it is important to compare all the main elements of legal reality, since even the commonality of the main form of law (if there are differences in the applied legal ideology or the specifics of the implementation of law) will not become the basis for assigning certain legal systems to the same legal family. That is, the universality of the construction of the legal system type (legal family) consists in the plane verification of common features of the legal ideology, system of law and legal practice of various legal systems. Although it is quite obvious that there can not be absolutely identical features in the social phenomena of different social systems (meaning, different states), but a relative meaningful and formal community is nevertheless present. And it is precisely this relative commonality of all the basic elements of the legal system classical triad that makes it possible to speak about the assignment of two or more national legal systems to the same legal family (type of legal system). This approach will avoid fragmentation in the identification of classification criteria of the legal family.
Attention is drawn to the fact that due to the processes of legal convergence, the boundaries of even relatively well-established legal systems are "blurred". Thus, in a Romano-Germanic family, discussions about the application of legal precedent begin at the doctrinal (and sometimes practical) level. And in the countries of Anglo-Saxon law, the role of legislation is growing. Also, more and more national legal systems are gradually moving to the category of convergent (mixed) systems, sometimes revealing completely unexpected combinations of features (for example, the socialist and religious or traditional legal system). Moreover, even the systems of so-called post-Soviet law, which include the legal system of Ukraine, are nothing more than an expression of the convergence of the Romano-Germanic legal family and the family of socialist law.
The rule of law as a principle of administrative process implementation experience within the framework of western legal culture
Authors: Pozigun I.O. 
Published: August 2021

The relevance of the article is stipulated by the necessity to implement the rule of law requirements into the national legal system, in particular, in the administrative process, The following factors are indicated as factors that necessitate recourse to the experience of Western legal culture: the concept of the rule of law is the achievement of European culture; Ukrainian legal doctrine to this day has not largely departed from the doctrine of the principle of legality.
It is noted that for the domestic legal science the issue of the rule of law is relatively new, which determines the state of its knowledge. At the beginning of the formation of the national system of law, translations of papers by foreign authors on the rule of law mostly distorted the interpretation of the phenomenon of the rule of law as the rule of the law.
Emphasis is placed on the fact that the implementation of the rule of law, its implementation in the regulation of social relations indicates that the relationships between people, as well as the relationship between a person and public authorities are based on the requirements of legal norms; that all subjects of social relations are governed by law, not by force. It is indicated that for the domestic legal activity the implementation of the rule of law (including into the administrative process) should be carried out by way of the human rights provision (and, accordingly, the rights of the subjects of the administrative process).
It is substantiated that the aspect of the rule of law principle implementation experience by European states, which is connected with the realization of the stated intentions, is crucial. The connection between law and morality in the context of soft law formation is highlighted.
Based on the European Court of Human Rights practice analysis, the following legal provisions are identified in the context of the subject matter: the implementation of the rule of law within Western states necessitates effective public control over the activities of executive bodies as to restricting human rights and fundamental freedoms; the implementation of the rule of law principle within Western states necessitates the harmonization of the law and order over time and the legal certainty of legal acts.
It is summarized that having proclaimed the principle of the rule of law as a component of the national legal system, its foundation, it is crucial for public authorities to study and borrow the experience of European states in implementing the requirements of this fundamental principle in state building.
Сonsolidation of somatic rights in international regulations
Authors: Gromovchuk M.V. 
Published: August 2021

The issue is topical in the context of actively expanding the list of human rights, including within the national dimension, because human rights as a dual category are subject to transformation due to the following factors: European integration processes, creating the need for integration and harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with European Union law; globalization processes, as Ukraine is a member of the world community and modern economic, environmental, legal, etc. phenomena have a direct impact on national state processes, and on the legal reality, and on the rights and freedoms of the individual.
It is determined that the recognition of new human rights, the expansion of the existing list - one of the trends in the development of the legal status of the individual. And when regulating relations in the field of somatic claims through the category of human rights, it should be borne in mind that somatic human rights should be characterized by what characterizes the category of human rights in general. It is pointed out that in human history no "new right" has really been recognized without a struggle and without overcoming the fierce opposition of some "old rights".
It is proved that the legal regulation of the possibility of exercising somatic rights in the international arena (primarily within the European Union) has significantly improved. Basically, we are talking about the existing basic (basic) regulations in the field we study. Thus, among the most important of them, we should first focus on such as, the Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine 1997, the EU Council Recommendation of June 29, 1998 "On the suitability of blood and plasma donors and donor blood screening. in the European Community" (98/463 / EC), Directive 2004/23 / EC of 31 March 2004 on the establishment of quality and safety standards for the donation, purchase, testing, treatment, preservation, storage and distribution of human tissues and cells". That is, we believe that the Council of Europe and the European Union, as regional international organizations, have established common normative criteria for the possibility of implementing and protecting somatic human rights in general and in the field of biomedical research in particular.
Зміна показників варіабельності серцевого ритму у жінок із різним компонентним складом тіла до та після програми корекції
Authors: Костенчак-Свистак О.Є. , Климук А.Р. , Фекета В.П. 
Published: August 2021

Дослідження варіабельності серцевого ритму має високу інформативність. Так, у наукових дослідженнях йдеться про кореляцію між ризиком раптової смерті і низькою парасимпатичною активністю. Окрім того, напруженість регуляторних систем із високою симпатичною активністю та дисрегуляцією між параметрами ВСР пов’язані із імовірнішим ризиком розвитку серцево-судинних захворювань. Покращення складу тіла шляхом зменшення вмісту як вісцерального, так і загального жиру призводить до кращої активації парасимпатичної системи. Для кращого моніторингу вмісту жиру можливо застосовувати аналізатор складу тіла, що базується на методі біоімпедансу.
Ключові слова: ожиріння, індекс маси тіла, варіабельність серцевого ритму, автономна нервова система.
Perceptions of training, self-efficacy, and mentoring among veterinary clinical specialty trainees
Authors: Furr Martin O. , Raczkoski Brandon M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine the perceptions of training, self-efficacy, and mentoring among veterinary clinical specialty trainees on the basis of their career interest.

SAMPLE
207 veterinarians who were either in a residency training program or had recently (within 2 years) completed one in a specialty recognized by the American Board of Veterinary Specialties.

PROCEDURES
An online survey was used to collect data about the respondents' perceived preparedness for an academic career, training emphasis, and mentoring received during training and demographic information. Results were compiled and compared by professional career interest (ie, academic medicine or private practice) and gender.

RESULTS
Included respondents represented 20% (207/1,053) of those invited. Preferred career choice was academic medicine for 48% (93/194) of respondents and private clinical practice for 52% (101/194) and did not differ by gender. Respondents perceived their likelihood of success in an academic career as high, and these perceptions did not differ by gender or preferred career choice. Mean self-efficacy scores for teaching were high among all respondents for most but not all listed teaching skills and did not differ by gender or preferred career interest. Mean self-efficacy scores were low for formulating research hypotheses and designing studies. Perceptions of training emphasis indicated strong mentoring in the areas of clinical practice and teaching with less mentoring and training emphasis in multiple areas of research and academic activity.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Lower self-efficacy of veterinary clinical specialty trainees in aspects of academic career appeared to be related to training emphasis and mentoring. Enhancement of emphasis on the identified areas of weakness may improve the interest and success of trainees in an academic career.