bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurements of multiplicity fluctuations of identified hadrons in inelastic proton–proton interactions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron
Authors: Acharya A. , Adhikary H. , Aduszkiewicz A. , Allison K. K. , Andronov E. V. , Antićić T. , Babkin V. , Baszczyk M. , Bhosale S. , Blondel A. , Bogomilov M. , Brandin A. , Bravar A. , Bryliński W. , Brzychczyk J. , Buryakov M. , Busygina O. , Bzdak A. , Cherif H. , Ćirković M. , Csanad M. , Cybowska J. , Czopowicz T. , Damyanova A. , Davis N. , Deliyergiyev M. , Deveaux M. , Dmitriev A. , Dominik W. , Dorosz P. , Dumarchez J. , Engel R. , Feofilov G. A. , Fields L. , Fodor Z. , Garibov A. , Gaździcki M. , Golosov O. , Golovatyuk V. , Golubeva M. , Grebieszkow K. , Guber F. , Haesler A. , Igolkin S. N. , Ilieva S. , Ivashkin A. , Johnson S. R. , Kadija K. , Kargin N. , Kashirin E. , Kiełbowicz M. , Kireyeu V. A. , Klochkov V. , Kolesnikov V. I. , Kolev D. , Korzenev A. , Kovalenko V. N. , Kowalski S. , Koziel M. , Krasnoperov A. , Kucewicz W. , Kuich M. , Kurepin A. , Larsen D. , László A. , Lazareva T. V. , Lewicki M. , Łojek K. , Lyubushkin V. V. , Maćkowiak-Pawłowska M. , Majka Z. , Maksiak B. , Malakhov A. I. , Marcinek A. , Marino A. D. , Marton K. , Mathes H.-J. , Matulewicz T. , Matveev V. , Melkumov G. L. , Merzlaya A. O. , Messerly B. , Mik Ł. , Morozov S. , Nagai Y. , Naskręt M. , Ozvenchuk V. , Paolone V. , Petukhov O. , Pidhurskyi I. , Płaneta R. , Podlaski P. , Popov B. A. , Porfy B. , Posiadała-Zezula M. , Prokhorova D. S. , Pszczel D. , Puławski S. , Puzović J. , Ravonel M. , Renfordt R. , Röhrich D. , Rondio E. , Roth M. , Rumberger B. T. , Rumyantsev M. , Rustamov A. , Rybczynski M. , Rybicki A. , Sadhu S. , Sadovsky A. , Schmidt K. , Selyuzhenkov I. , Seryakov A. Yu. , Seyboth P. , Słodkowski M. , Staszel P. , Stefanek G. , Stepaniak J. , Strikhanov M. , Ströbele H. , Šuša T. , Taranenko A. , Tefelska A. , Tefelski D. , Tereshchenko V. , Toia A. , Tsenov R. , Turko L. , Ulrich R. , Unger M. , Uzhva D. , Valiev F. F. , Veberič D. , Vechernin V. V. , Wickremasinghe A. , Wojcik K. , Wyszyński O. , Zaitsev A. , Zimmerman E. D. , Zwaska R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMeasurements of multiplicity fluctuations of identified hadrons produced in inelastic p+p interactions at 31, 40, 80, and 158 $$\text {Ge}\text {V}/c$$

Ge

/
c

beam momentum are presented. Three different measures of multiplicity fluctuations are used: the scaled variance $$\omega $$
ω
and strongly intensive measures $$\Sigma $$
Σ
and $$\Delta $$
Δ
. These fluctuation measures involve second and first moments of joint multiplicity distributions. Data analysis is preformed using the Identity method which corrects for incomplete particle identification. Strongly intensive quantities are calculated in order to allow for a direct comparison to corresponding results on nucleus–nucleus collisions. The results for different hadron types are shown as a function of collision energy. A comparison with predictions of string-resonance Monte-Carlo models: Epos, Smash and Venus, is also presented.
Signatures of $$A_4$$ symmetry in the charged lepton flavour violating decays in a neutrino mass model
Authors: Korrapati Rambabu , More Jai , Rahaman Ushak , Sankar S. Uma 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe study the charged lepton flavour violation in a popular neutrino mass model with $$A_4$$

A
4

discrete symmetry. This symmetry requires the presence of multiple Higgs doublets in the model and it also dictates the flavour violating Yukawa couplings of the additional neutral scalars of the model. Such couplings lead to the decays of the neutral mesons, the top quark and the $$\tau $$
τ
lepton into charged leptons of different flavours at tree level. The $$A_4$$

A
4

symmetry of the model leads to certain characteristic signatures in these decays. We discuss these signatures and predict the rates for the most favourable charged lepton flavour violating modes.
Multiparticle collision dynamics simulations of a squirmer in a nematic fluid
Authors: Mandal Shubhadeep , Mazza Marco G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study the dynamics of a squirmer in a nematic liquid crystal using the multiparticle collision dynamics (MPCD) method. A recently developed nematic MPCD method [Phys. Rev. E 99, 063319 (2019)] which employs a tensor order parameter to describe the spatial and temporal variations of the nematic order is used to simulate the suspending anisotropic fluid. Considering both nematodynamic effects (anisotropic viscosity and elasticity) and thermal fluctuations, in the present study, we couple the nematic MPCD algorithm with a molecular dynamics (MD) scheme for the squirmer. A unique feature of the proposed method is that the nematic order, the fluid, and the squirmer are all represented in a particle-based framework. To test the applicability of this nematic MPCD-MD method, we simulate the dynamics of a spherical squirmer with homeotropic surface anchoring conditions in a bulk domain. The importance of anisotropic viscosity and elasticity on the squirmer’s speed and orientation is studied for different values of self-propulsion strength and squirmer type (pusher, puller or neutral). In sharp contrast to Newtonian fluids, the speed of the squirmer in a nematic fluid depends on the squirmer type. Interestingly, the speed of a strong pusher is smaller in the nematic fluid than for the Newtonian case. The orientational dynamics of the squirmer in the nematic fluid also shows a non-trivial dependence on the squirmer type. Our results compare well with existing experimental and numerical data. The full particle-based framework could be easily extended to model the dynamics of multiple squirmers in anisotropic fluids.

Graphic abstract
Targeting DDX3X Triggers Antitumor Immunity via a dsRNA-Mediated Tumor-Intrinsic Type I Interferon Response
Authors: Choi Hyeongjwa , Kwon Juntae , Cho Min Soon , Sun Yifan , Zheng Xiaofeng , Wang Jing , Bouker Kerrie B. , Casey John L. , Atkins Michael B. , Toretsky Jeffrey , Han Cecil 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Induction of nucleic acid sensing–mediated type I interferon (IFN) has emerged as a novel approach to activate the immune system against cancer. Here we show that the depletion of DEAD-box RNA helicase 3X (DDX3X) triggers a tumor-intrinsic type I IFN response in breast cancer cells. Depletion or inhibition of DDX3X activity led to aberrant cytoplasmic accumulation of cellular endogenous double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA), which triggered type I IFN production through the melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)-mediated dsRNA-sensing pathway. Furthermore, DDX3X interacted with dsRNA-editing ADAR1 and dual depletion of DDX3X and ADAR1 synergistically activated the cytosolic dsRNA pathway in breast cancer cells. Loss of DDX3X in mouse mammary tumors enhanced antitumor activity by increasing the tumor-intrinsic type I IFN response, antigen presentation, and tumor infiltration of cytotoxic T and dendritic cells. These findings may lead to the development of a novel therapeutic approach for breast cancer by targeting DDX3X in combination with immune-checkpoint blockade.

Significance:
This study elucidates the novel role of DDX3X in regulating endogenous cellular dsRNA homeostasis and type I IFN signaling in breast cancer.
Locus-Specific Characterization of Human Endogenous Retrovirus Expression in Prostate, Breast, and Colon Cancers
Authors: Steiner Margaret C. , Marston Jez L. , Iñiguez Luis P. , Bendall Matthew L. , Chiappinelli Katherine B. , Nixon Douglas F. , Crandall Keith A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) have been implicated in a variety of diseases including cancers. Recent research implicates HERVs in epigenetic gene regulation. Here we utilize a recently developed bioinformatics tool for identifying HERV expression at the locus-specific level to identify differential expression of HERVs in matched tumor-normal RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Data from 52 prostate cancer, 111 breast cancer, and 24 colon cancer cases were analyzed. Locus-specific analysis identified active HERV elements and differentially expressed HERVs in prostate cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer. In addition, differentially expressed host genes were identified across prostate, breast, and colon cancer datasets, respectively, including several involved in demethylation and antiviral response pathways, supporting previous findings regarding the pathogenic mechanisms of HERVs. A majority of differentially expressed HERVs intersected protein coding genes or lncRNAs in each dataset, and a subset of differentially expressed HERVs intersected differentially expressed genes in prostate, breast, and colon cancers, providing evidence towards regulatory function. Finally, patterns in HERV expression were identified in multiple cancer types, with 155 HERVs differentially expressed in all three cancer types. This analysis extends previous results identifying HERV transcription in cancer RNA-seq datasets to a locus-specific level, and in doing so provides a foundation for future studies investigating the functional role of HERV in cancers and identifies a number of novel targets for cancer biomarkers and immunotherapy.

Significance:
Expressed human endogenous retroviruses are mapped at locus-specific resolution and linked to specific pathways to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in prostate, breast, and colon cancers.
A Role for Genetics in Racial Disparities of Therapy-Related Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Brown Austin L. , Richard Melissa A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a significant source of morbidity and early mortality among survivors of childhood cancer, and may disproportionately affect minorities. However, there have been few studies evaluating these outcomes among racially and ethnically diverse survivor populations. A study by Sapkota and colleagues systematically characterizes disparities in the incidence of treatment-associated cardiomyopathy on the basis of genetic ancestry and investigates genetic variants responsible for this inequality. The noteworthy findings include a disproportionate risk of cardiomyopathy among African-American childhood cancer survivors and the identification of inherited genetic variants, which may confer increased susceptibility to cardiomyopathy among these individuals. Although larger studies are needed to confirm these findings, incorporating this knowledge into clinical risk profiles may help focus attention on patient populations who are particularly vulnerable to adverse cardiovascular outcomes and most likely to benefit from preventive strategies.
See related article by Sapkota et al., p. 2556
Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Adulthood: Examining Potential Psychological, Biological, and Behavioral Mediators in the Whitehall II Cohort Study
Authors: Deschênes Sonya S. , Kivimaki Mika , Schmitz Norbert 
Published: May 2021

Background
This study investigated potential psycho‐bio‐behavioral mediators of the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in adulthood.

Methods and Results
Participants were 5610 British civil servants (mean age, 55.5; 28% women) from the Whitehall II cohort study without CHD at baseline in 1997 to 1999 (wave 5) when retrospective data on the number of ACEs were collected via questionnaire (range, 0–8). Potential mediators assessed at wave 5 included depression and anxiety symptoms, health behaviors (smoking, alcohol dependence, sleep, and physical activity), and cardiometabolic dysregulations. New diagnoses of CHD (myocardial infarction, definite angina, coronary artery bypass grafting, or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) were assessed from wave 6 (2001) to wave 11 (2012–2013). Logistic regressions examined associations between ACEs, potential mediators, and CHD during the follow‐up period. Natural indirect effects were examined using mediation analysis. A total of 566 (10.1%) participants developed CHD during the follow‐up period. ACEs were associated with an increased likelihood of CHD (odds ratio per ACE, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.00–1.19). Controlling for age and sex, mediation analyses revealed an indirect effect of depression symptoms (natural indirect effects, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03–1.07), anxiety symptoms (natural indirect effects, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.10–1.15), and a greater number of cardiometabolic dysregulations (natural indirect effects, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.03) in the association between ACEs and incident CHD. Behavioral factors were not statistically significant mediators.

Conclusions
Depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and cardiometabolic dysregulations partially mediated the association between ACEs and CHD. Regular screening and treatment of symptoms of psychological disorders and cardiometabolic dysregulations may help mitigate the long‐term health burden of ACEs.
Implementing a New Formulation in WRF-LES for Buoyant Plume Simulations: bPlume-WRF-LES Model
Authors: Bhimireddy Sudheer R. , Bhaganagar Kiran 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA new formulation—bPlume-WRF-LES model—was implemented within the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to simulate the two-way coupling between the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and gas plume (denser and lighter) released into the atmosphere. The existing WRF large-eddy simulation (WRF-LES) modeling system was modified by coupling an additional transport equation for the plume gas mixture and by accounting for the buoyant production term in the turbulence kinetic energy equation. The focus of the work was to understand the effect of atmospheric forcings on plume rise, plume mixing, and plume dynamics during the early stages of plume development. For this purpose, the bPlume-WRF-LES model was used to simulate the release of buoyant plumes from a large area source into different atmospheric conditions with varying stratification and mean wind forcing values. Plumes released in a convective ABL background rise according to the 2/3 power law with time before reaching the boundary layer top and spreading laterally. The convective ABL eddy turnover time scale () dictates the rate at which plume mixes with the ambient air inside the convective boundary layer (CBL) and the plume dilution rate scales as . Both the stratification and wind forcing enhance the plume mixing from the early plume development stage, and dilute the plume much faster. An increase in the mean winds within the CBL contributes to uniform mixing and greater bent-over plume behavior at a shorter downwind distance from the source.
Impact of TROPICS Radiances on Tropical Cyclone Prediction in an OSSE
Authors: Christophersen Hui W. , Dahl Brittany A. , Dunion Jason P. , Rogers Robert F. , Marks Frank D. , Atlas Robert , Blackwell William J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs part of the NASA Earth Venture-Instrument program, the Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats (TROPICS) mission, to be launched in January 2022, will deliver unprecedented rapid-update microwave measurements over the tropics that can be used to observe the evolution of the precipitation and thermodynamic structure of tropical cyclones (TCs) at meso- and synoptic scales. TROPICS consists of six CubeSats, each hosting a passive microwave radiometer that provides radiance observations sensitive to atmospheric temperature, water vapor, precipitation, and precipitation-sized ice particles. In this study, the impact of TROPICS all-sky radiances on TC analyses and forecasts is explored through a regional mesoscale observing system simulation experiment (OSSE). The results indicate that the TROPICS all-sky radiances can have positive impacts on TC track and intensity forecasts, particularly when some hydrometeor state variables and other state variables of the data assimilation system that are relevant to cloudy radiance assimilation are updated. The largest impact on the model analyses is seen in the humidity fields, regardless of whether or not there are radiances assimilated from other satellites. TROPICS radiances demonstrate large impact on TC analyses and forecasts when other satellite radiances are absent. The assimilation of the all-sky TROPICS radiances without default radiances leads to a consistent improvement in the low- and midtropospheric temperature and wind forecasts throughout the 5-day forecasts, but only up to 36-h lead time in the humidity forecasts at all pressure levels. This study illustrates the potential benefits of TROPICS data assimilation for TC forecasts and provides a potentially streamlined pathway for transitioning TROPICS data from research to operations postlaunch.
Causes and Consequences of Sea Ice Initialization Shock in Coupled NWP Hindcasts with the GC2 Climate Model
Authors: Johns T. C. , Blockley E. W. , Ridley J. K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present a coupled retrospective forecast (hindcast) study using the Met Office Global Coupled Model, version 2 (GC2), in which we identify and mitigate causes of initialization shock that lead to rapid error growth in sea ice forecasts. Sea ice state variables and volume budget terms as a function of forecast lead time are evaluated relative to analyses from an uncoupled Met Office ocean–sea ice analysis system [Forecast Ocean Assimilation Model, version 13 (FOAMv13)]. Two sources of initialization shock are highlighted and addressed, both of which are related to effective differences in physics between the analysis system and coupled forecast model. The primary shock to sea ice state variables arises from the use of a salinity-independent freezing temperature for seawater in GC2 as opposed to a salinity-dependent formulation in FOAMv13. A secondary effect arises from differences in the sea ice roughness and hence air–ice drag in the GC2 forecast model compared to the FOAMv13 analysis system. Generalizing from the findings of this study, we suggest that using nonnative analyses as initial conditions for coupled numerical weather prediction (NWP) studies will likely make them prone to initialization shock in some model components, to the detriment of forecast skill. To reduce the undesirable impacts of initialization shock on short-range forecast skill noted in this study we would therefore recommend the use of initial conditions (analyses) physically consistent with the native model components of the coupled forecast model, a native coupled analysis likely being the optimal initialization method.
Comparison of Biases in Warm-Season WRF Forecasts in North and South America
Authors: Piersante Jeremiah O. , Schumacher Russ. S. , Rasmussen Kristen L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEnsemble forecasts using the WRF Model at 20-km grid spacing with varying parameterizations are used to investigate and compare precipitation and atmospheric profile forecast biases in North and South America. By verifying a 19-member ensemble against NCEP Stage IV precipitation analyses, it is shown that the cumulus parameterization (CP), in addition to precipitation amount and season, had the largest influence on precipitation forecast skill in North America during 2016-2017. Verification of an ensemble subset against operational radiosondes in North and South America finds that forecasts in both continents feature a substantial mid-level dry bias, particularly at 700 hPa, during the warm season. Case-by-case analysis suggests that large mid-level error is associated with mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) east of the high terrain and westerly subsident flow from the Rocky and Andes Mountains in North and South America. However, error in South America is consistently greater than North America. This is likely attributed to the complex terrain and higher average altitude of the Andes relative to the Rockies, which allow for a deeper low-level jet and long-lasting MCSs, both of which 20-km simulations struggle to resolve. In the wake of data availability from the RELAMPAGO field campaign, the authors hope that this work motivates further comparison of large precipitating systems in North and South America, given their high impact in both continents.
Hospital-treated deliberate self-poisoning patients: Drug-induced delirium and clinical outcomes
Authors: Gale Lindsay , McGill Katie , Twaddell Scott , Whyte Ian M , Lewin Terry J , Carter Gregory L 
Published: May 2021

Objective: Drug-induced delirium has been attributed to opioid, benzodiazepine, antipsychotic, antihistaminic and anticholinergic drug groups at therapeutic doses. Delirium also occurs in hospital-treated self-poisoning (at supra-therapeutic doses), although the causative drug classes are not well established and co-ingestion is common. We tested the magnitude and direction of association of five major drug groups with incident cases of delirium. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal cohort ( n = 5131) study was undertaken of deliberate and recreational/chronic misuse poisoning cases from a regional sentinel toxicology unit. We described ingestion and co-ingestion patterns and estimated the unadjusted and adjusted odds for developing a drug-induced delirium. We also estimated the odds of drug-induced delirium being associated with three outcomes: intensive care unit admission, general hospital length of stay and discharge to home. Results: Drug-induced delirium occurred in 3.9% of cases ( n = 200). The unadjusted odds ratios for development of delirium were increased for anticholinergics 10.79 (5.43–21.48), antihistamines 6.10 (4.20–8.84) and antipsychotics 2.99 (2.20–4.06); non-significant for opioids 1.31 (95% confidence interval = [0.81, 2.13]); and reduced for benzodiazepines 0.37 (0.24–0.58); with little change after adjustment for age, gender and co-ingestion. Delirium was associated with intensive care unit admission, longer length of stay and discharge destination. Conclusion: Drug-induced delirium was uncommon in this population. Co-ingestion was common but did not alter the risk. In contrast to drug-induced delirium at therapeutic doses in older populations, opioids were not associated with delirium and benzodiazepines were protective. Drug-induced delirium required increased clinical services. Clinical services should be funded and prepared to provide additional supportive care for these deliriogenic drug group ingestions.