bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prior On–Off Relationship Instability and Distress in the Separation and Divorce Transition
Authors: Monk James Kale , Kanter Jeremy B. , Ogan Matthew A. 
Published: April 2021

Divorce is considered distressing for many individuals (Sbarra et al., Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2015, 24, 109); however, individuals in poor‐quality relationships may experience certain benefits of leaving an unstable union (Amato & Hohmann‐Marriott, Journal of Marriage and Family, 2007, 69, 621). On–off relationship cycling, or the breakup and reconciliation of a relationship, is a salient indicator of poor relationship quality and a common form of relationship instability (Dailey et al., Personal Relationships, 2009, 16, 23) that is associated with distress (Monk et al., Family Relations, 2018, 67, 523). In line with divorce–stress–adjustment and relational turbulence theory perspectives, we hypothesized that those whose relationships were characterized by on–off instability would experience less distress during the separation and divorce process. Given gender inequality in marriage (e.g., Dempsey, Journal of Sociology, 2002, 38, 91; Monin & Clark, Sex Roles, 2011, 65, 320), we also hypothesized that this association would be more pronounced for women. Using data from 98 divorced or separating couples, we found that relationship cycling prior to the separation and divorce process was associated with fewer distress symptoms for women. Conversely, a history of relationship cycling was associated with more distress symptoms for men. Our study provides support and extends prior investigations illustrating that, for some, those in unions characterized by more turmoil, may experience relief following a termination.
Corruption perceptions: Confidence in elections and evaluations of clientelism
Authors: Bacchus Emily Beaulieu , Boulding Carew 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHow does the fairness of the democratic process influence public perceptions of corruption? This article demonstrates the ways that elections can influence broader confidence in democracy. Corruption is often described as one of the most serious problems facing democracy today, and citizen confidence in democracy has implications for system support and legitimacy. What constitutes corruption, however, is not always obvious. We focus on the importance of citizens' feelings about electoral integrity for shaping their attitudes about corruption more broadly. Using survey data from Latin America and an experimental survey in the United States, we show that when asked to evaluate political practices as corrupt or not, people who are more confident in the fairness of their electoral process are generally less concerned about corruption, compared with people who are less confident in elections. These effects hold across a range of practices, experiences, and electoral contexts.
The structure of POMGNT2 provides new insights into the mechanism to determine the functional O‐mannosylation site on α‐dystroglycan
Authors: Imae Rieko , Kuwabara Naoyuki , Manya Hiroshi , Tanaka Tomohiro , Tsuyuguchi Masato , Mizuno Mamoru , Endo Tamao , Kato Ryuichi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDefects in the O‐mannosyl glycan of α‐dystroglycan (α‐DG) are associated with α‐dystroglycanopathy, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies. While α‐DG has many O‐mannosylation sites, only the specific positions can be modified with the functional O‐mannosyl glycan, namely, core M3‐type glycan. POMGNT2 is a glycosyltransferase which adds β1,4‐linked GlcNAc to the O‐mannose (Man) residue to acquire core M3‐type glycan. Although it is assumed that POMGNT2 extends the specific O‐Man residues around particular amino acid sequences, the details are not well understood. Here, we determined a series of crystal structures of POMGNT2 with and without the acceptor O‐mannosyl peptides and identified the critical interactions between POMGNT2 and the acceptor peptide. POMGNT2 has an N‐terminal catalytic domain and a C‐terminal fibronectin type III (FnIII) domain and forms a dimer. The acceptor peptide is sandwiched between the two protomers. The catalytic domain of one protomer recognizes the O‐mannosylation site (TPT motif), and the FnIII domain of the other protomer recognizes the C‐terminal region of the peptide. Structure‐based mutational studies confirmed that amino acid residues of the catalytic domain interacting with mannose or the TPT motif are essential for POMGNT2 enzymatic activity. In addition, the FnIII domain is also essential for the activity and it interacts with the peptide mainly by hydrophobic interaction. Our study provides the first atomic‐resolution insights into specific acceptor recognition by the FnIII domain of POMGNT2. The catalytic mechanism of POMGNT2 is proposed based on the structure.
Treatment outcomes of stereotactic body radiation therapy using a real‐time tumor‐tracking radiotherapy system for hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: Uchinami Yusuke , Katoh Norio , Abo Daisuke , Taguchi Hiroshi , Yasuda Koichi , Nishioka Kentaro , Soyama Takeshi , Morita Ryo , Miyamoto Naoki , Suzuki Ryusuke , Sho Takuya , Nakai Masato , Ogawa Koji , Kakisaka Tatsuhiko , Orimo Tatsuya , Kamiyama Toshiya , Shimizu Shinichi , Aoyama Hidefumi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo report the outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy using a real‐time tumor‐tracking radiotherapy system for hepatocellular carcinoma patients.MethodsFrom January 2005 to July 2018, 63 patients with 74 lesions with a maximum diameter ≤52 mm were treated by stereotactic body radiotherapy using a real‐time tumor‐tracking radiotherapy system. No patient with a Child–Pugh Score ≥9 was included, and 85.6% had a score of 5 or 6. Using the biological effective dose (BED) with an α/β ratio of 10 (BED10), the median dose in BED10 at the reference point was 76.8 Gy (range 60–122.5 Gy). Overall survival (OS) and local control rates were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsWith a median follow‐up period of 24.6 months (range 0.9–118.4 months), the 1‐year and 2‐year OS rates were 86.8% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 75.8–93.3) and 71.1% (57.8–81.6), respectively. The 2‐year OS was 89.6% in patients with the baseline modified albumin‐bilirubin (mALBI) grade =1, and 61.7% in patients with grade ≥2a. In the multivariate analysis, the mALBI grade (=1 vs. ≥2a) was a significant factor for OS (p = 0.028, 95% CI 1.11–6.18). The 1‐year and 2‐year local control rates were 100% (100–100%) and 92.0% (77.5–97.5%). The local control rates were significantly higher in the BED10 ≥100 Gy group than in the BED10 <100 Gy group (2‐year 100% vs. 86.5%, p = 0.049) at the reference point.ConclusionThis retrospective study of stereotactic body radiotherapy using real‐time tumor‐tracking radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma showed favorable outcomes with lower incidence of toxicities, especially in patients treated with BED10 ≥100 Gy to the reference point.
Alkali‐free processing of advanced open‐celled sinter‐crystallized glass‐ceramics
Authors: Elsayed Hamada , Rabelo Monich Patricia , Savio Gianpaolo , Hartmann Malte , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Galusek Dusan , Kraxner Jozef , Bernardo Enrico 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe cooling of a melt corresponding to the eutectic between wollastonite (CaSiO3) and diopside (CaMgSi2O6) determines the synthesis of an interesting example of alkali‐free bioactive glass, easily converted into glass‐ceramics featuring two silicate phases, coupled also with åkermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7), by sinter‐crystallization of fine glass powders at 1000°C. The fabrication of scaffolds by digital light processing of glass powders suspended in a photo‐curable, sacrificial binder, is a well‐established technique; the present paper aims at disclosing novel approaches, concerning the topology of scaffolds, offering components with remarkable strength, especially in bending conditions. As an alternative, glass‐ceramic foams were fabricated by the firing of porous precursors derived from the gelation of suspensions of glass powders in alkali‐free basic aqueous solution.
Dynamic roles of neutrophils in post‐stroke neuroinflammation
Authors: Wanrooy Brooke J , Wen Shu Wen , Wong Connie HY 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClinical trials involving the blockage of peripheral inflammatory leukocyte recruitment into the brain have puzzlingly led to either no significant improvement in stroke outcome, or even worsened outcomes and increased mortality, prompting a re‐evaluation of our understanding into the neuroinflammatory processes after stroke. Whilst traditionally understood as simple effectors of the innate immune system, emerging research in vascular disease biology has redefined the neutrophil as a specialized and highly specific cell type with dynamic functional capacity. Indeed, emerging experimental evidence indicates that neutrophils display diverse roles in the acute stages of ischemic stroke with the ability to elicit both pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory effects. Currently, there is some uncertainty as to whether neutrophil diversity is beneficial or harmful in stroke as their interactions with the resident cells of the brain, such as microglia and neurons, would potentially elicit heterogeneous outcomes. Current treatments for patients with stroke aim to remove the vascular blockage and to restore blood flow, but there are currently no drug treatments for managing the loss of functional brain tissue nor restoration of microglial and neuronal damage. If these hypothesized wound‐healing functions of neutrophils can be validated in a stroke setting, promoting the recruitment of this type of neutrophils into the injured brain tissue may form a promising therapeutic target for the majority of stroke patients currently without treatment. In this review, we will provide an update on recent research that has explored neutrophil heterogeneity in the neuroinflammatory cascade after ischemic stroke.
Association between resilience and burnout of front‐line nurses at the peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic: Positive and negative affect as mediators in Wuhan
Authors: Zhang Xiaoning , Jiang Xue , Ni Pingping , Li Haiyang , Li Chong , Zhou Qiong , Ou Zhengyan , Guo Yuqing , Cao Junli 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is having a dramatic effect on the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs). Upon the emergence of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the Chinese government dispatched about 42 000 HCWs to Wuhan City and Hubei Province to fight this pandemic. This study briefly examines front‐line nurses who experienced burnout, with the main objective of investigating the mediating roles of positive and negative affect in the relationship between resilience and burnout in Wuhan hospitals at the peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. A total of 180 front‐line nurses voluntarily participated via a social media group. They completed the online questionnaires, including the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐General Survey (MBI‐GS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC), demographics, and work‐related characteristics. Structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis was used to examine the mediating effect of positive and negative affect on the relationship between resilience and burnout. The total prevalence of burnout was 51.7%, of which 15.0% were severe burnout. These preliminary results revealed that positive and negative affect fully mediated the effects of resilience on burnout, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment of front‐line nurses. It is necessary to know the impact of resilience on HCWs with burnout through the positive and negative affect of individual backgrounds and situations, and how policymakers can deploy resilience interventions to support front‐line HCWs.
Nurses’ experiences in response to COVID‐19 in a psychiatric ward in Singapore
Authors: Gao Z. , Tan F. P. L. 
Published: April 2021

AimTo understand nurses’ responses to COVID‐19 and identify their uptake of changes in the procedure required for the management of COVID‐19 in an inpatient psychiatric ward.BackgroundThe infection risk for COVID‐19 in an enclosed inpatient psychiatric ward is high due to living arrangements in the ward and the nature of the infectious disease.IntroductionThis paper describes inpatient nurses’ experiences, challenges and strategies deployed at the institutional and national levels to contain the spread of infection.MethodsWritten feedback was collected to understand nurses’ responses and identify their uptake of changes in procedure following the COVID‐19 outbreak in the ward.FindingsNurses felt shocked, worried, isolated, expressed a lack of confidence, and experienced physical exhaustion. COVID‐19 specific challenges were highlighted in the delivery of safe and quality nursing care. Nurses were satisfied with the hospital policy and strategies implemented during the outbreak, acknowledging the importance of support from nursing leaders.DiscussionPractical support and strong nursing leadership have been imperative in the battle against the COVID‐19 outbreak in the psychiatric hospital. Psychiatric nursing care was maintained with a modified management and treatment approach.Implications for Nursing practiceNurses' willingness to adjust to the reconfiguration of operations to accommodate changes has been crucial for the healthcare system to run effectively. Good practices and policies established during this crisis should be developed and established permanently in nursing practice.Implications for Health PolicyPrompt and effective contingency planning and policymaking at the national and institutional level, targeting human resource management and infection control, can introduce changes and alternative options for nursing care in a pandemic.ConclusionWith support from influential nursing leaders, strategies and policies are imperative in ensuring the successful management of COVID situations in an inpatient psychiatric setting.
Should Shareholders Have a Say on Acquisitions?
Authors: Becht Marco , Polo Andrea , Rossi Stefano 
Published: April 2021

Shareholders of U.S. corporations have lost billions of dollars in acquisitions they never approved. In the United Kingdom, the listing rules give shareholders a binding say when targets are large relative to their acquirers.A transatlantic comparison of M&A activity suggests that if U.S. shareholders had a say on acquisitions, U.S. acquirers would do fewer value‐destroying acquisitions and their own shareholders would experience smaller losses. The authors also report finding a significant difference in the performance of the large U.K. deals that are subject to a mandatory vote and those that are not. The United States has given shareholders a mandatory say on pay. Is it time for U.S. shareholders to have a binding say on corporate acquisitions?
The Relationship between Shareholder Return and CEO Pay over a CEO's Full Period of Service
Authors: Schmidt Ron 
Published: April 2021

The author reports the findings of his examination of the relationship between CEO pay and performance, as measured by shareholder returns, using measures of compensation and returns that span a CEO's full period of service. Unlike studies that look at annual measures of CEO pay and stock returns—which are distorted by the widespread use of options and the arbitrary effects of when CEOs choose to exercise their options—the author finds a statistically significant connection between total compensation and shareholder return measured over full periods of service for 521 S&P 500 CEOs. Indeed, after one adjusts for differences in the length of a CEO's service, shareholder return is arguably the most important determinant of variation in the amount paid CEOs over their complete tenures.Besides answering the legion of critics of CEO pay, the author's analysis refutes the claim that bull markets are the main force driving executive pay by demonstrating that the increases in career pay attributable to increases in shareholder returns are almost exactly offset by reductions in pay when the Value‐Weighted (S&P 500) Index increases by the same amount. In other words, CEOs’ cumulative career pay is effectively driven by the extent to which their stock returns outperform the broad market. The analysis also casts doubt on the popular claim that the link between CEO pay and corporate size provides incentives to undertake even value‐reducing acquisitions to boost size. As the author's analysis shows, the estimated losses in career CEO pay associated with even small declines in shareholder returns are likely to be offset by the pay increases attributable to size.
Implications of Short Selling for Corporate Finance
Authors: Deshmukh Sanjay , Howe Keith M. , Gamble Keith Jacks 
Published: April 2021

Corporate managers often view short sellers as market manipulators whose actions drive their company's stock price below intrinsic value. But recent academic research suggests that some short sellers are effective in processing publicly available information and that their short selling may provide useful information to market participants. This article summarizes the authors’ own published research, which provides evidence of informed short selling by linking it to changes in corporate fundamentals.More specifically, the authors’ findings indicate that increases in short interest are reliable indicators of an economically (as well as statistically) significant decline in a company's operating performance over the following three years. And when examining changes in short interest around announcements of seasoned equity offerings, the authors also find a negative relation between an increase in short interest and future operating performance. In addition, they find that the greater the increase in short interest in the period leading up to the SEO announcement, the more negative is the stock‐price response to the announcement itself.The authors’ findings suggest that corporate managers can benefit from monitoring the short‐selling activity in their company's stock. Short‐selling data can be used to reassess corporate strategy or rethink major corporate decisions that have been announced but not carried out, and take preemptive actions to forestall impending future declines in performance and so preserve value.
Investigation of 60Co gamma irradiation on dehydration kinetics: A case study of apple slices
Authors: Mohammad‐Razdari Ayat , Ebrahimi Rahim , Zarein Mohammad , Mahfeli Mandana , Yoosefian Seyedeh Hoda 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTLittle research has been done on the effects of irradiation on dehydration kinetics of dried fruit in recent decades. Hot air drying is a convenience method frequently used for dehydration and moisture removal in products, such as fruits and vegetables. However, there are some disadvantages to using hot air dryers that often lead to the production of dried products with inferior quality due to its low drying efficiency. The present research aims to investigate the hot air dryer performance and presents a new strategy to improve dried bio‐products quality using gamma irradiation as a drying pretreatment. The effects of irradiation dosage (control, 0.5, 2, and 5 kGy) and air temperature (50, 65, and 80°C) on the dehydration rate, moisture ratio, activation energy, and diffusion coefficient of dried apple slices were investigated. The results showed that different dose 0.5, 2, and 5 kg decreased moisture content average 35, 21, and 11%, respectively. Also, by decreasing dehydration temperature, moisture content decreased to 42, 31, and 25%, respectively. The effective diffusivity values at different temperatures increased by increasing the irradiation dosage (control, 0.5, 2, and 5 kg increased to 12, 17, 29, and 43% respectively), and vice versa for the activation energy.Practical ApplicationsIrradiation is one of the few food technologies that can maintain food quality and address food safety and security problems without significantly affecting a food's sensory or nutritional attributes. The destructive effect of 60Co γ‐ray irradiation on interior tissue of some fruit and vegetables may change product structure to some extent. These kinds of structural changes can affect the drying kinetics, dehydration rate, moisture ratio, activation energy, and diffusion coefficient. Therefore, the investigation of hot‐air drying kinetics of apple slices pretreated by 60Co γ‐ray was required to improve the product quality. Additionally, it can cause a reduction in drying quality and improve the product characteristics during the drying process.
Successful outcomes in childrens specialist weight management: Impact assessment of a novel early years weight management programme
Authors: Tee Louise P. , Brandreth Rachael A. , Sauven Natasha , Clarke Lia , Frampton Ian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the UK, more than one in five children are overweight on starting school. An elevated body mass index (BMI) in childhood increases the likelihood of developing many health and social issues. The Lifestyles, Eating and Activity for Families (LEAF) programme is a weight management service for clinically obese children under the age of 7 years and their families. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the LEAF programme by measuring BMI z‐score change, the reduction in calorific beverage consumption and user satisfaction.MethodsData were collected over 6 years from 2012 and children who met the local weight management pathway criteria were recruited. Contact time was typically 20 h over 12 months and included home and clinic‐based assessment by the multidisciplinary team and community‐based intervention through six group sessions. This study compared baseline and post‐intervention BMI z‐scores (zBMI) for 65 children, as well as daily total calorific intakes from beverages for 41 children, and, in addition, 20 parents completed user satisfaction questionnaires.ResultsThere was a highly significant reduction in both mean zBMI (0.5; p < 0.001) and mean total calories from beverages (199; p < 0.001) across the intervention period. There was no significant correlation between zBMI and beverage calorific trends. Families who completed user satisfaction questionnaires reported that they had changed their dietary habits and 90% would recommend the programme to others.ConclusionsThis initial evaluation indicates that the LEAF programme was effective in reducing the zBMI of a group of clinically obese young children.Keywords obesity epidemic, young children, intervention, multidisciplinary