bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of ground on earthquake motion
Authors: Gutenberg B. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Earthquake damage at a given location depends on properties of the arriving elastic waves, of the ground at the shaken site, and of the structures involved. To investigate effects of the ground on the motion at the surface, five identical seismographs have been operated temporarily at 25 locations within 30 miles from the Seismological Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, and their records have been compared with those written by an identical instrument recording in routine at the Seismological Laboratory. The ratio of amplitudes at sites on fairly dry alluvium more than 500 feet deep to those at the Seismological Laboratory (on crystalline rock) is frequently 5 : 1 or more for earthquake waves having periods of 1 to 1 1/2 sec. For waves having periods of 0.1 ± sec. and waves having periods exceeding 10 sec. (length more than 10 miles) the corresponding differences in amplitudes are small. Amplitudes of earthquake waves and of the continuous unrest of the ground recorded at sites on water-saturated soft ground may be ten times those recorded at the Laboratory. The period of waves for which the response relative to that at the Seismological Laboratory is greatest usually decreases as the thickness of the alluvium decreases and is about ¼ sec. at stations on alluvium 100 ± feet thick. At stations on crystalline rock the motion of the ground does not differ significantly from that at the Laboratory for waves having periods exceeding ¼ sec.
At sites on alluvium, relatively strong shaking lasts several times as long as at those on crystalline rock; usually this ratio decreases with decreasing thickness of the alluvium. Ground effects may produce appreciable differences in duration and amount of shaking even at localities only a fraction of a mile apart. The importance of selecting crystalline rock or at least dry ground and avoiding water-saturated soft ground for foundations of buildings to reduce potential earthquake damage is stressed.
A survey of the microseisms recorded at Aberdeen in 1955, together with a review of the meteorological conditions under which they may have arisen
Authors: Geddes A. E. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As observations of microseisms at Aberdeen appeared to indicate that microseisms may arise from a cause or causes other than from standing waves set up by reflection from a steep rocky coast or by a mixture of waves in a fast-moving storm, a survey of Aberdeen records for 1955 has been carried out and a comparison made with the meteorological conditions prevailing at the time. A noticeable feature on the weather charts was the frequent occurrence of pressure distributions with two centres, while the occasions on which fast-moving storms occurred, or reflection from rocky coasts, were rare. Consequently there seemed to be grounds for supposing that the standing waves arose from the interference of two sets of wave systems generated by double low-pressure centres. Further, single low centres off either the Norwegian coast or that of America produced very little effect at Aberdeen. The survey suggests that the principal regions where such microseisms were produced appeared to be in the Atlantic north of 50° N and off the rocky coast of northwest Scotland.
From a comparison of the displacements on the E-W and N-S records there is some support for the hypothesis that microseisms are due to a mixture of Rayleigh waves and Love waves.
Polar graphs of initial motions at an earthquake source
Authors: BÅTH Markus 
Published: May 2021

abstract
A modified technique for fault-plane solutions is developed, using polar diagrams with the earthquake focus at the origin and with station azimuth and angle of incidence at the focus as co�nates. A figure is given illustrating the distribution of initial longitudinal motion in a perfectly general case for a plane fault source with rectilinear slip, together with all the special cases which can be derived from it. Formulas are given which combine all the quantities entering into the solution.
Mechanisms of the aftershocks of the Kern County, California, earthquake of 1952
Authors: Båth Markus , Richter Charles F. 
Published: May 2021

abstract
Using directions of first motion of longitudinal waves recorded at near-by stations, the orientation of fault traces and the nature of fault motions have been deduced for fifty-seven earthquakes of the Kern County aftershock series. Unlike the main shock, the aftershocks exhibit considerable strike slip with left-hand strike slip dominating on and to the south of the White Wolf fault and right-hand strike slip and dip slip to the north of it. The two last-mentioned mechanisms represent a secondary strain release, beginning not earlier than thirty-seven hours after the main shock.
The application of the Maxwell impedance bridge to the calibration of electromagnetic seismographs
Authors: Willmore P. L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
It is shown that an electromagnetic seismograph may be calibrated by observing the deflections of the galvanometer when an electrical signal is injected through a suitable coupling circuit. A specially designed version of the Maxwell Impedance Bridge is used for this purpose, the seismometer being connected in one arm and the galvanometer across the output. The bridge is balanced when the seismometer is clamped. The seismometer is then unclamped, and the galvanometer starts to swing with an amplitude equal to that which would be produced by a ground acceleration proportional to the bridge current. The constant of proportionality is found by injecting a “substitution e.m.f.” across the ratio arm of the bridge. By carrying out the substitution experiments in their most complete form it is possible to determine the mass, the suspension stiffness, and the damping constant of the seismometer, either including or excluding the effects of the galvanometer reaction. Typical calibration curves for Benioff, Willmore, and Sprengnether seismometers are included.
The geographical location of a distant earthquake
Authors: Gilić A. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Condensed from a paper published by the Geophysical Institute of the University of Zagreb (Ser. III, No. 8, 1957).
C. Zeissig has given a graphical method for determining an epicenter by using direction lines which have been derived from the P times on pairs of stations.
By a modified procedure it is possible—assuming an approximate value for the epicenter and the origin time—to draw the direction lines as straight lines on a large-scale map, whereby a preliminary condition for an accurate location of an earthquake is obtained.
As the most probable epicenter there can be taken the center of gravity of selected intersection points of reliable direction lines. The selection itself is based on criteria which follow from a detailed study of the reliability of the lines and points.
As an illustration of the method, a solution is given for one earthquake.
A portable water-tube tiltmeter
Authors: Eaton Jerry P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The accumulation of magma within a volcano deforms the ground surface around it. Although pendulum-type tiltmeters are our most sensitive and convenient tool for detecting such deformations, their records are generally difficult to interpret because purely local disturbances obscure the subtle changes produced by the volcano.
A new tiltmeter consisting of a permanent tilt base and a portable water-tube leveling system was developed to measure tilting around Kilauea caldera. Because the tilt bases for this instrument are on the ground surface outdoors, the leveling system must be operated under conditions that are far from ideal. If the work is performed at night and if a carefully standardized procedure is followed, leveling can be carried around a circuit consisting of three piers at the vertices of a triangle 2,000 inches on a side with a closure error of less than 10µ (corresponding to an error in the measurement of tilt of less than 0.2 ՠ10-6 radian).
Tilting at four new tilt bases around Kilauea caldera between October, 1958, and February, 1959, shows that the summit of the volcano is swelling. An analysis of the tilting around the caldera suggests that magma is accumulating in a reservoir about 4 kilometers beneath the southwest end of the caldera.
The second shear mode of continental Rayleigh waves
Authors: Oliver Jack , Dorman James , Sutton George 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Waves of the Rayleigh type corresponding to the fundamental and first shear modes for the continental crust-mantle system have been identified on seismograms previously. In this paper, waves corresponding to the second shear mode are identified for two paths, one from the Belgian Congo to Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; the other from Oklahoma to Palisades, New York. Comparison of the dispersion of these waves with theoretical dispersion for several crust-mantle models demonstrates the increase in resolving power of this method of obtaining crustal structure when data for several modes are available. There are small but measurable differences in the velocity structures averaged along these two paths.
A questionnaire based study-assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance among health care professionals, pre and post educational intervention
Authors: Fatima Husna , Subhani Ghulam , Mohsin Mohammed , Devi D. Nageswari 
Published: May 2021

Background: Pharmacovigilance (PV) is an important tool in generating adverse drug reaction (ADR) data. However, the practice of PV is still very low among health care professionals due to lack of knowledge and awareness. This study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge, awareness and practice of PV among health care professionals and to assess subsequent change in these after PV training session.Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire based study was conducted among health care professionals of a tertiary health care and teaching institute. Participants were given a questionnaire. They completed it before and after undergoing training programme in PV. Impact of effectiveness of educational intervention (continuing medical education-CME (pharmacovigilance workshop) was evaluated by paired t-test.Results: Out of 110 participants, 96 participants completely filled the questionnaire before and after the educational intervention (CME). CME on PV was found to increase knowledge and positive attitudes towards various aspects of PV.Conclusions: Training programme on PV will help increase the knowledge as well as awareness about principles and techniques of PV and improve the rate of spontaneous ADR reporting. Organising frequent CME programmes and workshops will increase the credibility of health care in the country.
Clinical assessment of Super bioavailable Itraconazole 50 mg in dermatophytosis (Clear 50)
Authors: Dhoot Dhiraj , Ghate Sunil , Mahajan Harshal , Barkate Hanmant 
Published: May 2021

Super bioavailable itraconazole (SBITZ) is a newer formulation of itraconazole which is recently launched in India. But there is no published clinical evidence of SBITZ in the management of dermatophytosis in Indian patients.A Real world retrospective data analysis was conducted with 346 dermatologists across India to assess the response of Indian patients with dermatophytosis who were prescribed super bioavailable itraconazole 50 mg twice a day for 4 weeks.Out of 4625 patients’ data, 2743 were included for final analysis. Mean age of patients was 36.17±12.05 years with male preponderance. Most of the patients were diagnosed as T. cruris. At the end of treatment, 51% of patients achieved complete clinical cure while 46% achieved clinical improvement (&#62;50% symptom clearance) and 3% were labelled as clinical failure. About 70% patients achieved clearance in body surface area. Mean total symptom score (TSS) was reduced to 0.74±1.1 from 7.29±1.73 while mean BSA score was reduced from 1.96±0.83 to 0.38±0.65 (p&#60;0.05). Similar type of improvements were seen in naïve, recurrent and chronic dermatophytosis patients. A total of 61 adverse effects (AE) were reported from 56 patients. All the AEs were mild to moderate in nature and did not require discontinuation of therapy.Patients treated with super bioavailable itraconazole showed greater improvement in clearance of symptoms as well as lesions. Additionally, it showed significant improvement in naïve, recurrent and chronic patients enabling its placement in armamentarium of management of all types of dermatophytosis.
Abordaje del diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno del síncope durante el embarazo.
Authors: Romero Ximena , Soto Susana , Uriel Monserrat 
Published: May 2021

Introducción: El síncope es un síntoma que consiste en la pérdida transitoria de la conciencia, que ocurre como consecuencia de un período autolimitado, relativamente breve, y espontáneo de un suministro inadecuado en la irrigación cerebral. Las posibles causas son numerosas. El síncope y el presíncope son prevalentes en el embarazo, sin embargo, en muchas ocasiones la etiología durante el embarazo no está del todo bien definida.
Serie de casos clínicos: En esta serie de casos, se presentan a tres pacientes con síncope. La primera paciente presentó un síncope durante el embarazo; la segunda presentó síncope neurogénico previo a la gestación, y cursa con aumento en la frecuencia de episodios. En el caso de la tercera paciente presentó un síncope en las primeras semanas de embarazo.
Conclusión: Es de vital importancia establecer un protocolo diagnóstico y de seguimiento para definir la causa del síncope durante el embarazo. Establecer si hay alteración cardiaca de base que pudiera complicar a la madre o al feto en el transcurso de la gestación, en el parto o en el puerperio, y no solamente considerarlo un evento aislado relacionado con cambios hemodinámicos o efectos fisiológicos del propio embarazo, sino que al precisar la causa del síncope en el embarazo se obtiene un mejor seguimiento en el control prenatal, una programación del momento del desembarazo oportuno y protocolariamente, previniendo así, complicaciones al “binomio madre-hijo”.
Palabras clave: Síncope, embarazo, prevención, bloqueo auriculoventricular, bloqueo de rama
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO ARTESANAL DO AÇÚCAR PURGADO
Authors: Ribeiro Nirvana Cecilia , De Cássia Oliveira Gomes Fátima , De Resende Machado Ana Maria , Arthur Rabello Anderson , Cunha Martins Euler 
Published: May 2021

A cana-de-açúcar é a base de muitos subprodutos relevantes para a economia brasileira, desde a colonização até os dias atuais. A capacidade de sobrevivência da agricultura familiar depende da produção e do consumo alimentos provenientes de metodologias ecológicas, com razões sociais e relevância ambiental. Em Minas Gerais, na comunidade de Rio Vermelho – Jaboticatubas, ainda se faz presente a produção de derivados da cana, que efetivam a importância da manufatura tradicional e artesanal. Assim, o açúcar oriundo de processos manuais acrescido de componentes do campo, como terra de formigueiro e argila, recebe o nome de açúcar purgado. Neste trabalho, foram realizadas análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas de três amostras de açúcar de purga para avaliar se atendem aos padrões de qualidade, a fim de assegurar a segurança dos alimentos dos consumidores que movimentam o mercado interno. Como a classe de produtos orgânicos rurais normalmente não se enquadra nos padrões legislativos vigentes para alimentos, buscou-se referência na literatura. Avaliando-se os critérios de qualidade microbiológica, observou-se discrepância entre o resultado esperado e o obtido em amostras analisadas, confirmando-se a necessidade de relacionar o processo produtivo com condições higiênico-sanitária favoráveis.
Soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (sST2), a new potential biomarker of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy and cardiac contractility modulation in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Shlevkov N. B. , Gasparyan A. Zh. , Zhambeev A. A. , Salami H. F. , Guseva E. V. , Tarasovskiy G. S. , Sharf T. V. , Stukalova O. V. , Gupalo E. M. , Mironova N. A. , Skvortsov A. A. , Golitsyn S. P. 
Published: May 2021

Background: According to numerous studies, from 30% to 50% of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are resistant to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and cardiac contractility modulation (CCM), despite their careful selection in accordance with current guidelines. It is of interest to study neurohormones characterizing myocardial (NT-proBNP) and fibrosis (sST2) as potential additional markers of CHF patients' “response” to CRT and CCM.Aim: To evaluate the potential to use NT-proBNP and sST2 biomarkers in CHF patients combined with transthoracic echocardiography (Echo) and contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters of the heart to predict a positive response to CRT and CCM devices.Materials and methods: The study included 51 patients (41 men, 10 women) aged 58 ± 12 years (26 to 79 years) with ischemic heart disease post acute myocardial infarction (n = 22) or non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (n = 29), left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction (EF) < 35%, and CHF II–III NYHA functional class despite ≥ 3 months of optimized medical therapy. The patients were assessed by serum biomarkers NT-proBNP and sST2 measurements, transthoracic Echo, and contrast- enhanced cardiac MRI. After the diagnostic assessment, CRT defibrillators (CRT-D) were implanted to 39 patients and CCM to 12 patients. After prospective follow-up of the patients for 18 to 24 months, predictors of the response to each device type were analyzed in univariate, multivariate, and ROC analysis.Results: The response to CRT-D was found in 21 (54%) patients, to CCM in 7 (58%) patients. Multivariate analysis showed the following predictors of the response of patients to CRT-D were: 1) sST2 < 50 ng/mL, 2) NT-proBNP < 3900 pg/mL, 3) < 3 LV segments with fibrosis (by MRI) and 4) anteroposterior dimension of the left atrium < 4.8 cm (by Echo). Any 2 of these 4 characteristics made it possible to predict the response to CRT with an accuracy of 87% (sensitivity 90%, specificity 83%). The predictors of the response to CCM were: 1) sST2 < 30 ng/ml, 2) LV end diastolic diameter < 78 mm (Echo), 3) age < 56 years, 4) body mass index < 27 kg/m2. Any 2 of these 4 characteristics predicted the positive response to CCM with an accuracy of 92% (sensitivity 86%, specificity 100%).Conclusion: The preoperative sST2 level was the only universal marker of the response to either CRT (< 50 ng/mL) or CCM (< 30 ng/mL) devices in CHF patients with reduced LVEF. The results indicate the potential for improved efficacy of these devices with their earlier implantation after the onset of the heart disease, as well as provided that maximal control CHF in these patients has been achieved.
Antrosoles arqueológicos del bajo río Uruguay: una aproximación geoarqueológica a los procesos de formación del sitio Isla del Vizcaíno 1 (departamento Río Negro - Uruguay)
Authors: Bortolotto Noelia , Del Puerto Laura , Gascue Andrés , Loponte Daniel , Acosta Alejandro  , Azcune Germán , Inda Hugo , Fleitas Marcelo , Rivas Mercedes 
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del análisis de suelos antropogénicos arqueológicos del sitio Isla del Vizcaíno 1 (Delta del Río Negro, Uruguay), ubicado sobre un albardón fluvial y fechado en circa 1500 años AP. A través de un diseño mensurativo comparativo (dentro y fuera del sitio) se buscó caracterizar las modificaciones generadas por las poblaciones humanas prehispánicas que allí habitaron sobre su entorno físico y biológico, en términos de su rol como factor pedogenético, y al mismo tiempo aportar datos que permitan discutir con una base sólida los procesos de formación de sitios en elevaciones de la región litoral.Los resultados alcanzados mediante análisis granulométricos, composicionales y geoquímicos muestran claras diferencias entre los suelos antropogénicos arqueológicos y los suelos naturales adyacentes, evidenciadas principalmente en la presencia de material cultural y mayores contenidos de materia orgánica y fósforo en los primeros. A partir de los datos generados se identificó la presencia de dos horizontes de un antrosol metagenético (HAM), es decir, de un suelo compuesto por material alterado (y no transportado) por el hombre, caracterizado como antroarenosol cuarzo feldespático. Esta alteración del suelo, vinculada a actividades domésticas y rituales en este sitio, evidencia el rol del hombre prehispánico como agente pedogenético y como actor activo en la modelación del paisaje.
ANALISIS PENCAPAIAN TARGET PRODUKSI CRUSHER PADA CRUSHING PLANT PT BANUA TAPIN MANDIRI KABUPATEN TAPIN PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Muhammad Rahman , Nurhakim Nurhakim , Riswan Riswan 
Published: May 2021

PT Banua Tapin Mandiri merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang jasa penambangan dan pengolahan batubara dan penjualan. Usaha untuk meningkatkan kualitas batubara memerlukan kegiatan pengolahan batubara (coal processing plant) serta penjualan batubara. Pertimbangan pengembangan usaha datang dari pemikiran bahwa Indonesia memiliki potensi sumber daya batubara yang cukup besar.Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menganalisis pencapai target produksi crusher dengan melihat hasil kapasitas produksi teori dan nyata crusher dan untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pencapaian target produksi dan kapasitas produksi aktua crusher.Hasil analisis kapasitas produksi aktual PT Banua Tapin Mandiri pada bulan November – Desember rata-rata sebesar 40.327 ton/bulan atau 1.845,05 ton/hari atau 267,99 ton/jam. Dengan merekomendasikan tiga sistem pengumpanan maka produktivitas unit crusher meningkat dari 183,5 ton/jam menjadi 527,31 ton/jam, Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tidak tercapainya kapasitas produksi aktual tahun 2016 yaitu supply material batubara dalam setiap bulannya bervariasi antara 47.000-70.000 Kata-kata kunci : produksi teoritis crusher, produksi aktual, crushing plant
EVALUASI KONDISI JALAN TAMBANG BERDASARKAN GEOMETRI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIFITAS ALAT ANGKUT PADA PT MADHANI TALATAH NUSANTARA
Authors: Rochim Nur , Triantoro Agus , Hakim Romla Noor 
Published: May 2021

Pada kegiatan operasi penambangan dan pemindahan overburden memerlukan jalan tambang sebagai sebagai penghubung lokasi-lokasi penting di wilayah tambang, sebaiknya pada saat desain dan konstruksi, geometri jalan tambang diperhatikan dan dibuat sesuai kebutuhan alat angkut terbesar yang melintas. Fungsinya untuk mengurangi hambatan dan gangguan pada kegiatan operasi pengangkutan. Pada jalan tambang dijumpai beberapa geometri jalan tambang yang belum memenuhi standar, diantaranya jalan kurang lebar dan grade yang melebihi 8%, sehingga diperlukan evaluasi untuk meningkatkan keamanan, kenyamanan dan peningkatan kecepatan alat angkut.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan menganalisis geometri jalan tambang dan faktor-faktor keselamatan jalan. Setelah dilakukan analisis, diambil kesimpulan bahwa perlu dilakukan pelebaran jalan dan pengurangan nilai grade dengan metode cut and fill.Penelitian dimulai dengan pengambilan data geometri jalan aktual kemudian membandingkan dengan standar geometri secara teoritis. Idealnya untuk alat angkut HD 785-7 lebar jalan kondisi lurus sebesar 13,77 meter, lebar jalan pada tikungan sebesar 16,72 meter, crosslope sebesar 3% serta grade 8%. Dapat diketahui kecepatan alat angkut aktual bermuatan sebesar 12,66 km/jam, kecepatan tersebut dibawah rencana yaitu 18-20 km/jam. Salah satu yang berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan adalah grade terlalu besar. Setelah dilakukan simulasi kecepatan alat angkut dapat dipercepat hingga 19,30 km/jam dengan cara melakukan pelebaran dan penimbunan pada segmen A, B dan C, serta dilakukan pemotongan pada segmen D dan E. dari pengurangan grade diperoleh peningkatan produktifitas alat angkut dari 141 bcm/jam menjadi 185 bcm/jam. Simualasi tersebut dapat dipakai sebagai acuan pencapaian target produktifitas alat angkut. Kata-kata kunci: geometri, jalan tambang, grade, cut and fill