bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary divergence in embryo and seed coat development of U’s Triangle Brassica species illustrated by a spatiotemporal transcriptome atlas
Authors: Gao Peng , Quilichini Teagen D. , Yang Hui , Li Qiang , Nilsen Kirby T. , Qin Li , Babic Vivijan , Liu Li , Cram Dustin , Pasha Asher , Esteban Eddi , Condie Janet , Sidebottom Christine , Zhang Yan , Huang Yi , Zhang Wentao , Bhowmik Pankaj , Kochian Leon V. , Konkin David , Wei Yangdou , Provart Nicholas J. , Kagale Sateesh , Smith Mark , Patterson Nii , Gillmor C. Stewart , Datla Raju , Xiang Daoquan 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe economically valuable Brassica species include the six related members of U’s Triangle. Despite the agronomic and economic importance of these Brassicas, the impacts of evolution and relatively recent domestication events on the genetic landscape of seed development have not been comprehensively examined in these species. Here we present a 3D transcriptome atlas for the six species of U’s Triangle, producing a unique resource that captures gene expression data for the major subcompartments of the seed, from the unfertilized ovule to the mature embryo and seed coat. This comprehensive dataset for seed development in tetraploid and ancestral diploid Brassicas provides new insights into evolutionary divergence and expression bias at the gene and subgenome levels during the domestication of these valued crop species. Comparisons of gene expression associated with regulatory networks and metabolic pathways operating in the embryo and seed coat during seed development reveal differences in storage reserve accumulation and fatty acid metabolism among the six Brassica species. This study illustrates the genetic underpinnings of seed traits and the selective pressures placed on seed production, providing an immense resource for continued investigation of Brassica polyploid biology, genomics and evolution.
Steroid‐free maintenance immunosuppression using alemtuzumab in pediatric kidney transplantation: Long‐term longitudinal follow‐up
Authors: Jain Ashokkumar , Daoud Deborah , Kees‐Folts Deborah , Freeman Michael A. , Butt Fauzia , Abendroth Catherine S. , Shike Hiroko , Kadry Zakiyah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a scarcity of long‐term data on steroid‐free immunosuppression using alemtuzumab in pediatric kidney transplantation (KTx). This study examines long‐term outcomes with alemtuzumab without steroid maintenance therapy in pediatric KTx.MethodsFrom July 2005 to June 2015, 71 pediatric KTx recipients received alemtuzumab without steroid maintenance. They were followed from 4.1 to 14.1 years post KTx.ResultsPatient survival: One child expired with a functioning graft from post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Patient survival was 98.6%.Graft survival: Eighteen grafts were lost (16 from chronic rejection). Graft survival at 5 and 10 years was 92.3% and 61.3%, respectively.Rejection: Twenty‐three (32.4%) patients were free from T‐cell‐mediated rejection (TCMR), 16 (22.5%) had >3 episodes. Sixteen (22.5%) were treated for antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR).Infection: Twenty‐three children developed Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), 5 developed cytomegalovirus (CMV), and 20 developed BK virus infection. Four (5.6%) developed PTLD. Twenty‐two (31.0%) required treatment for neutropenia.Growth parameters: Mean height and weight increased by 0.56 and 0.69 SDS (standard deviation score), respectively. Body mass index increased by 5.1 kg/m2 at 10 years. Less than 40% required antihypertensive medications at all‐time points.ConclusionAlemtuzumab, without corticosteroid maintenance, offers 98.6% patient survival at 14 years with five and 10‐year graft survival of 92.3% and 61.3%, respectively. TCMR and AMR requiring treatment were 67.4% and 22.5%, respectively. CMV, EBV, and BK viremia rates were 7.0%, 32.4%, and 28.2%, respectively. Thirty‐one percent were treated for neutropenia; 5.6% developed PTLD. There were improvements in growth parameters and blood pressure.
Kidney transplant outcomes in children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mai Katherine , Singer Pamela , Fahmy Ahmed E. , Teperman Lewis W. , Molmenti Ernesto P. , Grodstein Elliot I. , Castellanos Laura , Sethna Christine B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiterature supports equivalent kidney transplant outcomes in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared with those without SLE. However, there are conflicting and scant data on kidney transplant outcomes, as well as controversy over optimal timing of transplantation, in children and adolescents with SLE.MethodsAnalysis included kidney‐only transplant recipients aged 2–21 years from 2000 to 2017 enrolled in the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN). The relationship between diagnosis (SLE n = 457, non‐SLE glomerular disease n = 4492, and non‐SLE non‐glomerular disease n = 5605) and transplant outcomes was evaluated. The association between dialysis time and outcomes was analyzed in the SLE group only.ResultsIn adjusted models, SLE had higher mortality compared with non‐SLE glomerular recipients (HR 1.24 CI 1.07–1.44) and non‐glomerular recipients (HR 1.42 CI 1.20–1.70). SLE was associated with higher graft failure compared with non‐SLE glomerular (HR 1.42 CI 1.20–1.69) and non‐glomerular disease (HR 1.67 CI 1.22–2.28). SLE had a higher risk of acute rejection at 1 year compared with non‐glomerular disease (HR 1.39 CI 1.03–1.88). There was a decreased risk of delayed graft function compared with non‐SLE glomerular disease (HR 0.54, CI 0.36–0.82). There were no significant associations between dialysis time and transplant outcomes in the SLE group.ConclusionSLE in children and adolescents is associated with worse patient and graft survival compared with non‐SLE diagnoses. Outcomes in children and adolescents with SLE are not associated with dialysis time. Further studies are needed to assess implications of potential earlier transplantation and shorter time on dialysis prior to transplantation.
Investigation and rapid detection of fungal pathogens causing mulberry sclerotial disease in south‐west China
Authors: Lv Zhiyuan , He Ziwen , Yuan Jianglian , Hao Lijuan , Song Zhiguang , Chen Guokang , Ren Jiequn , He Ningjia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMulberry sclerotial disease is a destructive disease that afflicts mulberry fruits throughout the world. In recent years, the impact of mulberry sclerotial disease has increased with the development of the mulberry fruit industry. Ciboria carunculoides, C. shiraiana, and Scleromitrula shiraiana are all pathogens causing mulberry sclerotial disease, but the dominant pathogen may be different in different mulberry planting areas. In this study, we investigated the causal agents of mulberry sclerotial disease in Chongqing and Sichuan, the main mulberry planting areas in south‐west China. The results showed that C. carunculoides was the dominant pathogen in the investigated areas, and the disease incidence rate on some widely cultivated mulberry varieties exceeded 90%. Based on the differences in internal transcriber spacer sequences of different pathogens, we developed a method using cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) from digestion with the three restriction enzymes HindIII, EcoRI, and MluI for rapid detection of pathogens on mulberry fruits. Use of this method confirmed that the diseased fruits of some mulberry varieties were infected by a mixture of C. carunculoides and S. shiraiana. Long‐fruit mulberry, which was considered to be resistant to sclerotial disease in the past, was also infected by C. carunculoides. Diseased fruit infected by C. shiraiana or by S. shiraiana alone were not detected. Our results suggest that C. carunculoides is probably the dominant pathogen causing mulberry sclerotial disease in south‐west China. The CAPS method for rapid detection of pathogens could assist diagnosis, epidemiology, and disease monitoring.
Oak seedling performance and soil development across a forest restoration chronosequence following agriculture in the American Midwest—a greenhouse experiment
Authors: Woods Michaela J. , Frankenberg Sarah J. , Juodvalkis Joseph R. , Lloyd Mary C. , Cobb Meredith , McEwan Ryan W. 
Published: October 2021

Overcoming establishment limitation is an integral task during forest restoration on degraded lands for tree species whose prominence is declining, such as those in theQuercusgenus. Fallow agricultural lands are suitable for forest restoration efforts by planting seedlings; however, tree seedling success may be limited due to soil conditions that are distinct from relict forests. Here, we assessed soil nutrient content, physicochemical parameters, and microorganism function via soil enzyme activity from five restorations that were implemented 0, 7, 10, 50, or 100 years ago. We plantedQ. macrocarpa(bur oak) seedlings in soils collected from each site for 5 months before collecting dry biomass, used as a proxy for size. We found thatQ. macrocarpaseedlings had the largest total biomass when they were planted in soils from older restorations. There was a significant positive correlation of the amount of soil carbon, nitrogen, organic matter, and soil moisture with tree size, and these soil parameters increased with forest age. We assessed seedling roots for mutualistic ectomycorrhizal fungi, but we did not find associations between their presence and tree size. Forest restoration is a complex process, which can take many decades, but we suggest that reforestation may be accelerated by implementing active soil restoration to increase soil carbon, nitrogen, and water holding capacity prior to planting tree seedlings in target sites. Active soil restoration may aide in overcoming a significant portion of establishment limitation of ecologically important tree species that typically do not fare well in early‐stage restorations.
The role of cytokines in determining the Th1/Th2 phenotype of an immune response: Coherence of the T cell response and the Cytokine Implementation Hypothesis
Authors: Bretscher Peter A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe widely accepted Cytokine Milieu Hypothesis proposes that the cytokine milieu, in which antigen activates CD4 T cells, from a non‐T cell source, primarily determines the Th subset to which the ensuing effector Th cells belong. We focus on the generation of Th1 and Th2 cells. We briefly restate the grounds for the Threshold Hypothesis we favour for how the Th1/Th2 phenotype of a response is primarily determined: tentative and robust thresholds of antigen‐mediated CD4 T cell interactions lead to the generation of Th1 and Th2 cells. The component antigens of pathogens are present in different amounts. It is expected, within the context of the threshold mechanism that, although there is often an initial predominance of Th1 or Th2 cells, some Th cells of the opposing type are initially generated. An initially somewhat heterogeneous Th response is known to become with time more ‘coherent’ in its Th1/Th2 phenotype. I propose The Cytokine Implementation Hypothesis as a mechanism for how coherence is achieved. Most cytokines made by Th cells of one subset tend to facilitate the further generation of Th cells of this subset and/or inhibit the generation of Th cells of opposing subsets, accounting for how coherence may be achieved. Many observations on which The Cytokine Milieu Hypothesis is based are accounted for by this alternative hypothesis. We outline predictions of the new hypothesis and discuss the importance of coherence of immune responses for their efficacy in protecting against foreign invaders.
Metabolomic analysis elucidates how shade conditions ameliorate the deleterious effects of greening (Huanglongbing) disease in citrus
Authors: Suh Joon Hyuk , Guha Anirban , Wang Zhixin , Li Sheng‐Yang , Killiny Nabil , Vincent Christopher , Wang Yu 
Published: October 2021

SummaryUnder tropical and subtropical environments, citrus leaves are exposed to excess sunlight, inducing photoinhibition. Huanglongbing (HLB, citrus greening), a devastating phloem‐limited disease putatively caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, exacerbates this challenge with additional photosynthetic loss and excessive starch accumulation. A combined metabolomics and physiological approach was used to elucidate whether shade alleviates the deleterious effects of HLB in field‐grown citrus trees, and to understand the underlying metabolic mechanisms related to shade‐induced morpho‐physiological changes in citrus. Using metabolite profiling and multinomial logistic regression, we identified pivotal metabolites altered in response to shade. A core metabolic network associated with shade conditions was identified through pathway enrichment analysis and metabolite mapping. We measured physio‐biochemical responses and growth and yield characteristics. With these, the relationships between metabolic network and the variables measured above were investigated. We found that moderate‐shade alleviates sink limitation by preventing excessive starch accumulation and increasing foliar sucrose levels. Increased growth and fruit yield in shaded compared with non‐shaded trees were associated with increased photosystem II efficiency and leaf carbon fixation pathway metabolites. Our study also shows that, in HLB‐affected trees under shade, the signaling of plant hormones (auxins and cytokinins) and nitrogen supply were downregulated with reducing new shoot production likely due to diminished needs of cell damage repair and tissue regeneration under shade. Overall, our findings provide the first glimpse of the complex dynamics between cellular metabolites and leaf physiological functions in citrus HLB pathosystem under shade, and reveal the mechanistic basis of how shade ameliorates HLB disease.
Autologous platelet‐rich fibrin as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal therapy—A follow up clinical pilot study
Authors: Narendran Nirosha , Anegundi Raghavendra Vamsi , Shenoy Santhosh B. , Chandran Thara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of autologous platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in moderate periodontal pockets. The split‐mouth study involved 32 sites from 16 patients. Baseline parameters were recorded followed by complete full‐mouth SRP. The test and control sites were randomly selected and autologous PRF was placed in the test site and other site served as control. The blinded examiner recorded clinical parameters at baseline, 60 days, and 90 days. No statistical significance was found at baseline in probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Statistically, significant improvement was observed within test and control groups at 90 days compared to baseline values. A statistically significant difference in test sites was found in terms of reduction in PD and clinical attachment gain (CAG) compared to the control sites at the end of the study period (p value <0.05). This split‐mouth pilot study emphasized a statistically significant improvement in pocket depth reduction and CAL gain when PRF was used as an adjunct to SRP in moderate periodontal pockets.
Mental Performance Consultants’ Perspectives on Content and Delivery of Sport Psychology Services to Masters Athletes
Authors: Makepeace Tyler , Young Bradley W. 
Published: October 2021

In the absence of sport psychology resources for Masters Athletes, mental performance consultants could benefit from information to assist consultancy with older adult athletes. We conducted semistructured interviews to explore 10 Canadian professional mental performance consultants’ (two men and eight women) perspectives of targeted content and the nature of service delivery to Masters Athletes. Following inductive thematic analysis, results for Content of Sport Psychology related to performance readiness (e.g., preparatory routines, mental focus plans); prioritizing sport (e.g., balance/time management, recruiting social support); preserving sport enjoyment (e.g., self-reflection, gratitude/sport as opportunity); and age-related considerations (e.g., managing changing physical realities). Results pertaining to Addressing and Delivering Sport Psychology Services included considerations toward age-related attributes (e.g., values/identity, engaged/invested clients) and accommodating barriers/constraints (e.g., time, stigma). Our results show there are novel considerations when consulting with Masters Athletes, and we discuss what these findings mean for adult-oriented approaches in applied practice.
Autolyzed Brain Tissue as a Means of Facilitating Transmission of Experimental Poliomyelitis
Authors: Milzer Albert , Byrd Chester L. 
Published: October 2021

Autolyzed brain tissue diluent shortens the incubation period and facilitates the transfer of poliomyelitis virus to CFW Swiss mice, hamsters, and rhesus monkeys. The Leon monkey-passage strain of poliomyelitis virus was successfully adapted to CFW Swiss mice by means of this technic.
Since this manuscript was submitted we have isolated several strains of poliomyelitis virus from infected human feces and spinal cord in CFW Swiss mice by means of this technic.
The Action of Certain Hormones as Dietary Constituents
Authors: Funk Casimir , Funk Ian Casimir 
Published: October 2021

The sex organs of the male are more resistant to dietary deficiencies, the animals showing only retrogression along with a significant loss in weight. Testosterone and gonadotropic hormone (of pregnant mare serum) produce a small but definite restorative effect.
Oral administration of estrin to females depresses the food intake, while testosterone, and less so the gonadotropic hormone in males produces the opposite effect. This effect can be regarded as evidence of the dietary significance of these two hormones.
The expenses of the present investigation were defrayed by the U. S. Vitamin Corporation, of New York City.
Linear magnetic anomalies and the limits of oceanic crust in oceans
Authors: Geoffroy Laurent , Gernigon Laurent , Foulger Gillian R. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The true partitioning between continental and oceanic lithosphere in oceans is unclear. According to early models, oceanic-type accretion generates pairs of linear magnetic anomalies, which are indicators of oceanic lithosphere and can be used as isochrons formed by seafloor spreading. However, seaward-dipping reflectors at conjugate volcanic passive margins also generate linear magnetic anomalies. The thick wedges of the inner seaward-dipping reflectors are associated with magnetic anomalies that are clearly distinct in shape and amplitude from those recorded in the distal oceanic realm. However, linear magnetic anomalies indistinguishable from those related to oceanic crust exist in the outer seaward-dipping reflector domain of many volcanic passive margins. Located seaward of the inner seaward-dipping reflectors, the crust of outer seaward-dipping reflectors is thus generally considered to be “oceanic.” However, the outer seaward-dipping reflector crust may be interpreted as tectonically exhumed mid-to-lower magma-intruded continental crust covered with syntectonic basalts. Although both oceanic crust and outer seaward-dipping reflector crust are associated with thick lava sections, the linear magnetic anomalies of outer seaward-dipping reflectors represent pre-oceanization magnetic anomalies that develop along extended continental lithosphere. We illustrate the consequence of these uncertainties on the type of lithosphere between Greenland and Europe. Here, depending on latitude, 20%–100% of the lithosphere previously thought to be oceanic might, on the contrary, be continental. Since more than 50% of passive margins worldwide are volcanic, poor mapping of seaward-dipping reflector–bearing crust types, and misinterpretation of linear magnetic anomaly–bearing distal volcanic passive-margin crust, could have led to widespread overestimation of the age of continental breakup and the extent of oceanic lithosphere in oceans.
Axion quality straight from the GUT
Authors: Vecchi Luca 
Published: October 2021

AbstractComposite axion scenarios offer a robust field theoretic justification for the existence of a Peccei–Quinn symmetry of high quality. We present a new class of realizations that are naturally embedded in Grand-Unified Theories, retain asymptotic freedom for all gauge groups, and protect the axion shift symmetry up to operators of dimension 12. Our setup leads to a number of distinctive signatures at low energies. First, additional composite scalars are predicted; some of these are viable dark matter candidates for values of the decay constant that are likely too low for the QCD axion abundance to be relevant. Second, an approximate unification of the Standard Model gauge couplings takes place at the axion scale, while leaving the actual quark-lepton unification at much higher energies as usual. This suggests the existence of GUT relics with Standard Model gauge quantum numbers at potentially accessible scales.
Vacuum stability conditions and potential minima for a matrix representation in lightcone orbit space
Authors: Kannike Kristjan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe orbit space for a scalar field in a complex square matrix representation obtains a Minkowski space structure from the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality. It can be used to find vacuum stability conditions and minima of the scalar potential. The method is suitable for fields such as a bidoublet, an SU(2) triplet or SU(3) octet. We use the formalism to find the vacuum stability conditions for the left-right symmetric potential of a bidoublet and left and right Higgs doublets.
Dynamic Balance in Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy: Relationship between Strength and Performance of Forward Lunge, Step Up and Over, and Step Quick Turn
Authors: Shrader Joseph A. , Sansare Ashwini , Shieh Vincent , Woolstenhulme Joshua G. , Rekant Julie , Jiménez-Silva Rafael , Joe Galen O. , Kokkinis Angela , Fischbeck Kenneth H. , Grunseich Christopher , Zampieri Cristiane 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a neuromuscular disorder that leads to progressive weakness of bulbar and extremity muscles. Dynamic balance during functional tasks has not been reported in people with SBMA. Objectives. (1) To evaluate the ability to safely complete a forward lunge (FL), step quick turn (SQT), and step up and over (SUO), (2) to determine the presence and severity of dynamic balance impairments by comparing performance to normative data, and (3) to investigate the relationship between lower extremity strength and ability to complete each task. Design. Cross-sectional analysis. Participants. Fifty-three people with SBMA were included in a cross-sectional analysis. Normative datasets provided by the NeuroCom manufacturer and isometric strength literature facilitated patient comparisons. Outcome Measures. Force plate-based dynamic balance measures included FL (distance, impact index, contact time, and force impulse), SQT (turn time and turn sway), and SUO (lift up index, movement time, and impact index). Maximal isometric contractions of knee extensors, ankle dorsiflexors, ankle plantar flexors, and hip extensors were measured with fixed frame dynamometry. Results. The most difficult test, per completion rate, was SUO (52%), followed by FL (57%) and SQT (65%).

t

-tests revealed significant abnormalities in eight of nine balance variables (

p
<
0.05

) accompanied by large

Cohe

n

’

s

D

effect

sizes
≥
0.8

. Receiver operating characteristics analysis showed knee extensor (SUO 95% CI =0.78–1.00, SQT 95% CI =0.64-0.92) and ankle plantar flexor strength (SUO

95
%
CI
=
0.75
–
0.99

, SQT

95
%
CI
=
0.64
−
0.92

) significantly discriminated the ability to perform SUO and SQT tests with acceptable to excellent areas under the curve. Conclusions. Considerable dynamic balance abnormalities were observed. Lower extremity strength helps explain low test completion rates. Patients modified task movement patterns, enabling safe task performance. Study results can help direct patient care and future protocol design for people with SBMA.