bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of the differences in olfactory system between male and female oriental tobacco budworm Helicoverpa assulta
Authors: Li Haichao , Li Weizheng , Miao Changjian , Wang Gaoping , Zhao Man , Yuan Guohui , Guo Xianru 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe olfactory system of insects facilitates their search for host and mates, hence it plays an essential role for insect survival and reproduction. Insects recognize odor substances through olfactory neurons and olfactory genes. Previous studies showed that there are significant sex‐specific differences in how insects identify odorant substances, especially sex pheromones. However, whether the sex‐specific recognition of odorant substances is caused by differences in the expression of olfaction‐related genes between males and females remains unclear. To clarify this problem, the whole transcriptome sequence of the adult Helicoverpa assulta, an important agricultural pest of tobacco and other Solanaceae plants, was obtained using Pacbio sequencing. RNA‐seq analysis showed that there were 27 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 24 chemosensory proteins, 4 pheromone‐binding proteins (PBPs), 68 odorant receptors and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) genes, that were expressed in the antennae of male and female H. assulta. Females had significantly higher expression of General odorant‐binding protein 1‐like, OBP, OBP3, PBP3 and SNMP1 than males, while males had significantly higher expression of GOBP1, OBP7, OBP13, PBP2 and SNMP2. These results improve our understanding of mate search and host differentiation in H. assulta.
Protective effect of a reverse membrane bioreactor against toluene and naphthalene in anaerobic digestion
Authors: Chandolias Konstantinos , Sugianto Laurenz Alan Ricardo , Izazi Nurina , Millati Ria , Wikandari Rachma , Ylitervo Päivi , Niklasson Claes , Taherzadeh Mohammad J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRaw syngas contains tar contaminants including toluene and naphthalene, which inhibit its conversion to methane. Cell encasement in a hydrophilic reverse membrane bioreactor (RMBR) could protect the cells from hydrophobic contaminants. This study aimed to investigate the inhibition of toluene and naphthalene and the effect of using RMBR. In this work, toluene and naphthalene were added at concentrations of 0.5–1.0 and 0.1–0.2 g/L in batch operation. In continuous operation, concentration of 0–6.44 g/L for toluene and 0–1.28 g/L for naphthalene were studied. The results showed that no inhibition was observed in batch operation for toluene and naphthalene at concentrations up to 1 and 0.2 g/L, respectively. In continuous operation of free cell bioreactors (FCBRs), inhibition of toluene and naphthalene started at 2.05 and 0.63 g/L, respectively. When they were present simultaneously, inhibition of toluene and naphthalene occurred at concentrations of 3.14 and 0.63 g/L, respectively. In continuous RMBRs, no inhibition for toluene and less inhibition for naphthalene were observed, resulting in higher methane production from RMBR than that of FCBR. These results indicated that RMBR system gave a better protection effect against inhibitors compared with FCBR.
Comparison between four published definitions of hyposmia in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kanavou Sofia , Pitz Vanessa , Lawton Michael A. , Malek Naveed , Grosset Katherine A. , Morris Huw R. , Ben‐Shlomo Yoav , Grosset Donald G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesHyposmia is a common feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), yet there is no standard method to define it. A comparison of four published methods was performed to explore and highlight differences.Materials and methodsOlfactory testing was performed in 2097 cases of early PD in two prospective studies. Olfaction was assessed using various cut‐offs, usually corrected by age and/or gender. Control data were simulated based on the age and gender structure of the PD cases and published normal ranges. Association with age, gender, and disease duration was explored by method and study cohort. Prevalence of hyposmia was compared with the age and gender‐matched simulated controls. Between method agreement was measured using Cohen's kappa and Gwet's AC1.ResultsHyposmia was present in between 69.1% and 97.9% of cases in Tracking Parkinson's cases, and between 62.2% and 90.8% of cases in the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative, depending on the method. Between‐method agreement varied (kappa 0.09–0.80, AC1 0.55–0.86). The absolute difference between PD cases and simulated controls was similar for men and women across methods. Age and male gender were positively associated with hyposmia (p < .001, all methods). Odds of having hyposmia increased with advancing age (OR:1.06, 95% CI:1.03, 1.10, p < .001). Longer disease duration had a negative impact on overall olfactory performance.ConclusionsDifferent definitions of hyposmia give different results using the same dataset. A standardized definition of hyposmia in PD is required, adjusting for age and gender, to account for the background decline in olfactory performance with ageing, especially in men.
Estimating the risk of developing secondary hematologic malignancies in patients with T1/T2 prostate cancer undergoing diverse treatment modalities: A large population‐based study
Authors: Mo Xiaofei , Zhou Mingge , Yan Hui , Chen Xueqin , Wang Yuetao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with prostate cancer (PC) are at a high risk of developing secondary hematologic malignancies (SHMs) after radiation therapy (RT), while no study has assessed the relationship of different treatment modalities with the occurrence of SHMs after PC at early stage. This study aimed to investigate the risks of developing SHMs in patients with T1/T2 PC undergoing different treatment modalities.MethodsPatients with T1/T2 PC were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Competing risk regression (CRR) model was performed to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs) of developing SHMs. As SHMs scarcely occur, the relative risk (RR) analysis was employed to compare the risks of different treatment modalities associating with the development of SHMs.ResultsThe CRR analysis showed that undergoing RT was associated with a higher risk of developing SHMs (external beam radiation therapy [EBRT]: HR = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–1.34; radioactive implant [RI]: HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.06–1.36). As for different types of SHMs, EBRT, and RI were correlated with decreased risks of developing CLL (RR = 0.67, 0.72; 95% CI: 0.53–0.85, 0.54–0.96, respectively), but with the increased risks of developing NHL (RR = 1.18, 1.23; 95% CI: 1.02–1.35, 1.05–1.44, respectively); EBRT also showed increased risks of developing acute/ chronic myeloid leukemia (AML/CML, RR = 1.54, 1.56; 95% CI: 1.16–2.03,1.05–2.33, respectively); No increased risk of developing SHMs was detected in patients who only underwent prostatectomy.ConclusionsAlthough RT was found to be associated with the increased risks of developing SHMs in patients with T1/T2 PC, this finding cannot be extended to diverse types of SHMs. RT was correlated with the increased risks of the development of NHL, AML, and CML, but with the decreased risk of developing CLL. Prostatectomy did not increase the risk of developing SHMs.
Core Steps to the Azaphilone Family of Fungal Natural Products
Authors: Williams Katherine , Greco Claudio , Bailey Andrew M. , Willis Christine L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAzaphilones are a family of polyketide‐based fungal natural products that exhibit interesting and useful bioactivities. This minireview explores the literature on various characterised azaphilone biosynthetic pathways, which allows for a proposed consensus scheme for the production of the core azaphilone structure, as well as identifying early diversification steps during azaphilone biosynthesis. A consensus understanding of the core enzymatic steps towards a particular family of fungal natural products can aid in genome‐mining experiments. Genome mining for novel fungal natural products is a powerful technique for both exploring chemical space and providing new insights into fungal natural product pathways.
Triazolyl‐Functionalized N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Half‐Sandwich Compounds: Coordination Mode, Reactivity and in vitro Anticancer Activity
Authors: Tong Kelvin K. H. , Hanif Muhammad , Movassaghi Sanam , Sullivan Matthew P. , Lovett James H. , Hummitzsch Katja , Söhnel Tilo , Jamieson Stephen M. F. , Bhargava Suresh K. , Harris Hugh H. , Hartinger Christian G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report investigations on the anticancer activity of organometallic [MII/III(η6‐p‐cymene/η5‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)] (M=Ru, Os, Rh, and Ir) complexes of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) substituted with a triazolyl moiety. Depending on the precursors, the NHC ligands displayed either mono‐ or bidentate coordination via the NHC carbon atom or as N,C‐donors. The metal complexes were investigated for their stability in aqueous solution, with the interpretation supported by density functional theory calculations, and reactivity to biomolecules. In vitro cytotoxicity studies suggested that the nature of both the metal center and the lipophilicity of the ligand determine the biological properties of this class of compounds. The IrIII complex 5 d bearing a benzimidazole‐derived ligand was the most cytotoxic with an IC50 value of 10 μM against NCI‐H460 non‐small cell lung carcinoma cells. Cell uptake and distribution studies using X‐ray fluorescence microscopy revealed localization of 5 d in the cytoplasm of cancer cells.
Density, parasitism, and sexual reproduction are strongly correlated in lake Daphnia populations
Authors: Gowler Camden D. , Rogalski Mary A. , Shaw Clara L. , Hunsberger Katherine K. , Duffy Meghan A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany organisms can reproduce both asexually and sexually. For cyclical parthenogens, periods of asexual reproduction are punctuated by bouts of sexual reproduction, and the shift from asexual to sexual reproduction has large impacts on fitness and population dynamics. We studied populations of Daphnia dentifera to determine the amount of investment in sexual reproduction as well as the factors associated with variation in investment in sex. To do so, we tracked host density, infections by nine different parasites, and sexual reproduction in 15 lake populations of D. dentifera for 3 years. Sexual reproduction was seasonal, with male and ephippial female production beginning as early as late September and generally increasing through November. However, there was substantial variation in the prevalence of sexual individuals across populations, with some populations remaining entirely asexual throughout the study period and others shifting almost entirely to sexual females and males. We found strong relationships between density, prevalence of infection, parasite species richness, and sexual reproduction in these populations. However, strong collinearity between density, parasitism, and sexual reproduction means that further work will be required to disentangle the causal mechanisms underlying these relationships.
Experimental and simulation study of power performance improvement of GaN PIN betavoltaic cell
Authors: Kim Dong‐Seok , Yoon Young Jun , Lee Jae Sang , Kang In Man , Lee Jung‐Hee 
Published: July 2021

SummaryWe have demonstrated the gallium nitride (GaN)‐based betavoltaic (BV) cells with PN and PIN junction to investigate the relationship between the intrinsic GaN (i‐GaN) layer and power performance of BV cells. A short‐circuit current (ISC) and an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of the fabricated BV cells were evaluated by using an electron‐beam (e‐beam) irradiation. The cell with PIN junction exhibited an improved ISC and VOC compared to the cell with PN junction. This is because the additional 200 nm‐thick i‐GaN layer extends the depletion region of BV cell, resulting in improved charge collection. When a 17 kV e‐beam irradiated into the fabricated GaN PIN BV cell, the device exhibited an ISC of 1.86 μA, a VOC of 2.23 V, a maximum output power (Pmax.out) of 2.74 μW, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.5%, respectively. This PCE is the best value among GaN BV cell researches using 17 keV e‐beam irradiation. To study a role of i‐GaN layer in PIN BV cell, the technology computer‐aided design (TCAD) simulator was implemented. The effect of layer thickness and native defects in GaN material on the power performance of BV cell was evaluated. The power performance of PIN BV cell was degraded by introducing native defects in layers due to an increase of recombination rate. The BV cell with 500 nm‐thick i‐GaN layer exhibited better power performance when the electrons with average energy of Ni‐63 irradiated into device because the maximum absorption rate of electrons was well positioned in the depletion region. The experimental and simulated results showed that the introduction of i‐GaN layer and the optimization of parameters such as thickness and crystalline quality were important to improve the power performance of BV cells.
Estimating flow resistance in steep slope rills
Authors: Di Stefano Costanza , Nicosia Alessio , Palmeri Vincenzo , Pampalone Vincenzo , Ferro Vito 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent research recognized that the slope of 18% can be used to distinguish between the ‘gentle slope’ case and that of ‘steep slope’ for the detected differences in hydraulic variables (flow depth, velocity, Reynolds number, Froude number) and those representatives of sediment transport (flow transport capacity, actual sediment load). In this paper, using previous measurements carried out in mobile bed rills and flume experiments characterized by steep slopes (i.e., slope greater than or equal to 18%), a theoretical rill flow resistance equation to estimate the Darcy‐Weisbach friction factor is tested. The main aim is to deduce a relationship between the velocity profile parameter Γ, the channel slope, the Reynolds number, the Froude number and the textural classes using a data base characterized by a wide range of hydraulic conditions, plot or flume slope (18%–84%) and textural classes (clay ranging from 3% to 71%). The obtained relationship is also tested using 47 experimental runs carried out in the present investigation with mobile bed rills incised in a 18%—sloping plot with a clay loam soil and literature data. The analysis demonstrated that: (1) the soil texture affects the estimate of the Γ parameter and the theoretical flow resistance law (Equation 25), (2) the proposed Equation (25) fits well the independent measurements of the testing data base, (3) the estimate of the Darcy‐Weisbach friction factor is affected by the soil particle detachability and transportability and (4) the Darcy‐Weisbach friction factor is linearly related to the rill slope.
Superporous agarose scaffolds for encapsulation of adult human islets and human stem‐cell‐derived β cells for intravascular bioartificial pancreas applications
Authors: Shaheen Rebecca , Gurlin Rachel E. , Gologorsky Rebecca , Blaha Charles , Munnangi Pujita , Santandreu Ana , Torres Alonso , Carnese Phichitpol , Nair Gopika G. , Szot Gregory , Fissell William H. , Hebrok Matthias , Roy Shuvo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractType 1 diabetic patients with severe hypoglycemia unawareness have benefitted from cellular therapies, such as pancreas or islet transplantation; however, donor shortage and the need for immunosuppression limits widespread clinical application. We previously developed an intravascular bioartificial pancreas (iBAP) using silicon nanopore membranes (SNM) for immunoprotection. To ensure ample nutrient delivery, the iBAP will need a cell scaffold with high hydraulic permeability to provide mechanical support and maintain islet viability and function. Here, we examine the feasibility of superporous agarose (SPA) as a potential cell scaffold in the iBAP. SPA exhibits 66‐fold greater hydraulic permeability than the SNM along with a short (<10 μm) diffusion distance to the nearest islet. SPA also supports short‐term functionality of both encapsulated human islets and stem‐cell‐derived enriched β‐clusters in a convection‐based system, demonstrated by high viability (>95%) and biphasic insulin responses to dynamic glucose stimulus. These findings suggest that the SPA scaffold will not limit nutrient delivery in a convection‐based bioartificial pancreas and merits continued investigation.
Flunarizine inhibits osteoclastogenesis by regulating calcium signaling and promotes osteogenesis
Authors: Kim Hyun Jin , Lee Jiae , Lee Gong‐Rak , Kim Narae , Lee Hye In , Kwon Minjeong , Kim Nam Young , Park Jin Ha , Kang Ye Hee , Song Hyeong Ju , Kim TaeSoo , Shin Dong Min , Jeong Woojin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany bone diseases such as osteoporosis and periodontitis are caused by hyperactivation of osteoclasts. Calcium (Ca2+) signals are crucial for osteoclast differentiation and function. Thus, the blockade of Ca2+ signaling may be a strategy for regulating osteoclast activity and has clinical implications. Flunarizine (FN) is a Ca2+ channel antagonist that has been used for reducing migraines. However, the role of FN in osteoclast differentiation and function remains unknown. Here, we investigated whether FN regulates osteoclastogenesis and elucidated the molecular mechanism. FN inhibited osteoclast differentiation along with decreased expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), and attenuated osteoclast maturation and bone resorption. FN inhibition of osteoclast differentiation was restored by ectopic expression of constitutively active NFATc1. FN reduced calcium oscillations and its inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and resorption function was reversed by ionomycin, an ionophore that binds Ca2+. FN also inhibited Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) and calcineurin leading to a decrease in the cAMP‐responsive element‐binding protein‐dependent cFos and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator 1β expression, and NFATc1 nuclear translocation. These results indicate that FN inhibits osteoclastogenesis via regulating CaMKIV and calcineurin as a Ca2+ channel blocker. In addition, FN‐induced apoptosis in osteoclasts and promoted osteogenesis. Furthermore, FN protected lipopolysaccharide‐ and ovariectomy‐induced bone destruction in mouse models, suggesting that it has therapeutic potential for treating inflammatory bone diseases and postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Maternal separation impairs mother's cognition 1 month beyond the separation
Authors: Joushi Sara , Sheibani Vahid , Esmaeilpour Khadijeh , Francis‐Oliveira José , Taherizadeh Zahra , Mohtashami Borzadaran Fatemeh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveSeparation of pups from their dam during the infancy not only has detrimental effects on the pups' brain but also affects dams' behavior. Postpartum stress may affect mothers' cognitive functions. In the present study, by using a 180‐min day−1 maternal separation (MS) paradigm, we assessed anxiety‐like behavior and locomotor activity of rat dams which experienced separation from postnatal day (PND) 1 until weaning. We tried for the first time to clarify whether such separation impairs dam's performance in the Morris water maze.MethodWe assessed dams' behavior at three time points: 24 h, 1 week, and 1 month after weaning. Therefore, the six groups consisted of control (CTRL) 24 h, 1 week, and 1 month and MS 24 h, 1 week, and 1 month, which was allocated in this study.ResultsOur results revealed that although MS‐24 h and MS‐1 week groups had intact locomotor activity, MS‐1 month group showed less locomotor activity in the open field. Moreover, MS‐induced anxiety‐like behavior was more pronounced in MS‐1 week and MS‐1 month dams. Spatial learning and memory was also impaired only in MS‐1 month dams.ConclusionWe can conclude that MS induces cognitive impairments in dam that may appear not immediately after the separation but a few weeks after such stressful event.
Morphological and elemental evaluation of biochar through analytical techniques and its combined effect along with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on Vicia faba L. under induced drought stress
Authors: Nafees Muhammad , Ullah Sami , Ahmed Iftikhar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDrought is a persistent and complex natural vulnerability whose rate and extent of recurrence are expected to increase with climate change. Regardless of the progress made in responding and adapting to water scarcity, drought stress causes severe afflictions. Therefore, the present study has been accomplished in Department of Botany, University of Peshawar to investigate the effect of biochar and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Cellulomonas pakistanensis (NCCP11) and Sphingobacterium pakistanensis (NCCP246) on Vicia faba under drought stress. Two varieties of seeds Desi (V1) and Pulista (V2) were obtained from Cereal Crop Research Institute (CCRI) Nowshera, sown in earthen pots in triplicate filled with 3 kg soil and sand (2:1) and biochar (0 and 5% w/w). Scanning electron microscopy of biochar showed porous nature and energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy spectroscopy showed C, Ca, Mg, and Na elemental composition. Germination parameters including germination energy (GE), Timson germination index (TGI), germination index (GI), and water use efficiency (WUE) were amplified to 28.04, 19.17, 25.72, and 43.62% in V1, respectively, and 14.38, 16.66, 19.79, and 41.50% in V2 respectively, by the co‐application of biochar and PGPR. Agronomical attributes including, fresh and dry weight of leaves, root, and shoot were significantly reduced, which were positively ameliorated by 28.57, 36.36, 16, 10.47, 14.28, and 10%, respectively, by the application of biochar and PGPR especially by NCCP246 in combination as well as individually. It has been concluded that, adversities of drought significantly condensed with the application of biochar and PGPR, which may be important in agricultural practices carried out in water‐deficient regions.
The isomorphism theorem for linear fragments of continuous logic
Authors: Bagheri Seyed‐Mohammad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ultraproduct construction is generalized to p‐ultramean constructions () by replacing ultrafilters with finitely additive measures. These constructions correspond to the linear fragments of continuous logic and are very close to the constructions in real analysis. A powermean variant of the Keisler‐Shelah isomorphism theorem is proved for . It is then proved that ‐sentences (and their approximations) are exactly those sentences of continuous logic which are preserved by such constructions. Some other applications are also given.
A note on an alternative Gentzenization of RW+∘
Authors: Ilić Mirjana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn our paper [3], a sequent system for the contraction‐less positive relevant logic with co‐tenability, , is considered. Its sequent system with the rule of cut, which does not involve the truth constant t, is presented, and the proof that it admits the elimination of cut is given. However, in the proof of the cut‐elimination theorem some forms of proofs, which may cause difficulties for the cut‐elimination argument, are not considered. The purpose of this paper is to present them and to re‐prove that admits the elimination of cut.
„Es geht nicht darum, Meinungen abzufragen“
Authors: Remenyi Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDie Chemikerin und Youtuberin Mai Thi Nguyen‐Kim erklärte sich mit ihren Videos in kurzer Zeit an die Spitze der deutschsprachigen Wissenschaftskommunikation. Die Nachrichten aus der Chemie sprachen mit ihr über ihren Anspruch, über Evidenz und darüber, ob sie das Labor noch manchmal vermisst.
Laborautomatisierung: Eine Substanz unter vielen
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOb es um neue Arzneimittel oder aussagekräftige Biomarker geht – im ersten Schritt gilt es häufig, ein Vielstoffgemisch zu untersuchen. Hier bietet sich die Kombination von NMR und LC‐MS an sowie eine automatische Datenverarbeitung.