bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between a Kelsenian Constitutional Court and an Entrenched National Ideology: Lessons from Thailand and Indonesia
Authors: Leelapatana Rawin , Pratomo Abdurrachman Satrio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Hans Kelsen was a pro-democracy Austrian jurist, who, owing to his Jewish ancestry, was forced to flee to the United States of America after Adolf Hitler’s rise to power. His well-known theory of centralised constitutional review has not only influenced the design of many constitutional courts in Western Europe. It has also expanded to other parts of the world, including Thailand and Indonesia. Having determined to break with their authoritarian pasts, these two Southeast Asian countries decided to establish a Constitutional Court (in 1997 in Thailand and in 2003 in Indonesia), to consolidate their democratic transition as well as to safeguard democracy from attack. This decision inevitably brought the liberal-democratic assumptions underlying Kelsen’s model into competition with entrenched national ideologies traditionally exploited by political power holders and the military to preserve their hegemony – Thai-ness in Thailand and Pancasila in Indonesia. In contrast to Kelsen’s original theory, both these ideologies advocate strong leadership, national harmony and social hierarchy. This paper explores the extent to which the ideological hegemony of Thai-ness and Pancasila affects the performance and jurisprudence of the Thai and Indonesian Constitutional Courts respectively. An alternative understanding of the implementation of the Kelsenian-style Constitutional Court in the absence of its facilitative conditions will ultimately be proposed.
Kelsen versus Schmitt and the Role of the Sub-National Entities and Minorities in the Appointment of Constitutional Judges in Continental Systems
Authors: Abat Ninet Antoni 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In composed and decentralised states, sub-national entities and (ethnic, linguistic, racial) minorities ought to play a determinant role in the process of appointment of constitutional courts justices to obtain a balanced representation in the guardian of the constitution. The necessary appearance of constitutional justice independence can be at stake without a proportionated participation of minorities and sub-national entities in the court. It is not enough to introduce a symbolic presence. The first section of this essay analyses the transcendence and political-legal significance that the system of appointment of constitutional court judges has and its relation to the separation of powers (horizontal and vertical). The second section is a return to the roots, ie the system of appointment the Austrian Constitution of 1920, even that first constitutional court was created in 1919, and Kelsen’s theory on federalism. The third section carries out an analysis from a comparative constitutional law perspective by using as an analytical basis the reports on the composition of the Constitutional Courts of the European Commission for Democracy through Law. The paper ends with a reflection on Schmitt considerations on the Guardians of Constitutions.
ʻJudicial Activismʼ in Europe: Not a Neat and Clean Fit
Authors: Palazzo Nausica 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Achieving a proper balance between enforcing the constitution and avoiding that the courts exercise a policy-making function that that is better left to legislatures is not without its difficulties. In the United States, this issue has gained substantially higher traction giving rise to intense activism talk. The relevant American literature has exerted a deep fascination abroad, also in the light of the current globalization of constitutional discourse. Yet, the article intends to advance two claims: first, it warns against an uncritical import of US-style notions of judicial activism to continental Europe; second, it argues that contemporary research on comparative judicial activism currently has low explanatory utility. The first section takes a glimpse of the relevant US literature ‒ both legal and empirical ‒ to shed light on the multidimensional essence of the concept. Section 2 proceeds to articulate three sets of tentative reasons why activism talk should be ʻhandled with careʼ. These reasons pivot on considerations around structure, culture, and type of decisions in continental Europe. After parsing out each aspect, an argument is made that US-style judicial activism is too dependent on the US form of government; too divisive and as such unsuitable to the different European legal professional culture; and misleading, as the way European constitutional courts display activism in their decisions is distinctive. Ultimately, the article argues for the avoidance of US-style notions of judicial activism in European constitutional discourse.
Idiosyncratic Constitutional Review in Cyprus: (Re-)Design, Survival and Kelsen
Authors: Kombos Constantinos 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The model of the Austrian Constitutional Court, with its Kelsenian origins, has been influential in the Cypriot constitutional context in a variety of intertwined and changing ways. The initial constitutional design followed the centralized and concentrated constitutional review by the Supreme Constitutional Court. The collapse of the bi-communal structure of the Cypriot system resulted in the application of the law of necessity and the establishment of a new Supreme Court with a simultaneous decentralization of constitutional review. At the time of writing a new reform initiative is underway, and the discussion about the Austrian model and Kelsen is revived. The continuous and varied influence from the Austrian prototype and interestingly the Kelsenian logic is assessed while recognizing the delicate idiosyncrasies of the Cypriot setting. The argument is that at neither stage the Austrian model was purely applied in Cyprus and the systemic adjustments were the result of improvisation rather than model adherence. This paper highlights the inconsistencies in the understanding of the Austrian model and explains the ‘modelling vertigo’.
How to Handle Health-Related Small Imbalanced Data in Machine Learning?
Authors: Rauschenberger Maria , Baeza-Yates Ricardo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
When discussing interpretable machine learning results, researchers need to compare them and check for reliability, especially for health-related data. The reason is the negative impact of wrong results on a person, such as in wrong prediction of cancer, incorrect assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic situation, or missing early screening of dyslexia. Often only small data exists for these complex interdisciplinary research projects. Hence, it is essential that this type of research understands different methodologies and mindsets such as the Design Science Methodology, Human-Centered Design or Data Science approaches to ensure interpretable and reliable results. Therefore, we present various recommendations and design considerations for experiments that help to avoid over-fitting and biased interpretation of results when having small imbalanced data related to health. We also present two very different use cases: early screening of dyslexia and event prediction in multiple sclerosis.
Reflecting on Social Media Behavior by Structuring and Exploring Posts and Comments
Authors: Herder Eelco , Roßner Daniel , Atzenbeck Claus 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Social networks use several user interaction techniques for enabling and soliciting user responses, such as posts, likes and comments. Some of these triggers may lead to posts or comments that a user may regret at a later stage. In this article, we investigate how users may be supported in reflecting upon their past activities, making use of an exploratory spatial hypertext tool. We discuss how we transform raw Facebook data dumps into a graph-based structure and reflect upon design decisions. First results provide insights in users motivations for using such a tool and confirm that the approach helps them in discovering past activities that they perceive as outdated or even embarrassing.
Asymptotic properties of the two one-sided t-tests – new insights and the Schuirmann-constant
Authors: Palmes Christian , Bluhmki Tobias , Funke Benedikt , Bluhmki Erich 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The two one-sided t-tests (TOST) method is the most popular statistical equivalence test with many areas of application, i.e., in the pharmaceutical industry. Proper sample size calculation is needed in order to show equivalence with a certain power. Here, the crucial problem of choosing a suitable mean-difference in TOST sample size calculations is addressed. As an alternative concept, it is assumed that the mean-difference follows an a-priori distribution. Special interest is given to the uniform and some centered triangle a-priori distributions. Using a newly developed asymptotical theory a helpful analogy principle is found: every a-priori distribution corresponds to a point mean-difference, which we call its Schuirmann-constant. This constant does not depend on the standard deviation and aims to support the investigator in finding a well-considered mean-difference for proper sample size calculations in complex data situations. In addition to the proposed concept, we demonstrate that well-known sample size approximation formulas in the literature are in fact biased and state their unbiased corrections as well. Moreover, an R package is provided for a right away application of our newly developed concepts.
Analysis of caffeine and chlorogenic acids content regarding the preparation method of coffee beverage
Authors: Bobková Alica , Jakabová Silvia , Belej Ľubomír , Jurčaga Lukáš , Čapla Jozef , Bobko Marek , Demianová Alžbeta 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This research was focused on the evaluation of selected parameters of coffee quality, regarding the beverage preparation method, using high-performance liquid chromatography. Samples of Coffea arabica from South America were analyzed. For the preparation of the final beverage were used filtration and moka methods. All samples roasted at medium dark roasting level Full City ++, contained less than 5% of moisture. The values of pH and dry matter content did not show a significant difference. The lowest content of chlorogenic acid reached value (1.41 g·100 g−1) prepared from filtration and 1.49 g·100 g−1 prepared from moka method. The highest content of chlorogenic acid ranged from 2.94 g. 100 g−1 filtration method and 3.36 g. 100 g−1 moka. Similarly, caffeine content, showed lower values using the filtration method. Values ranged from 1.37 to 1.57% (filtration) and from 1.54 to 1.78% (moka). However, PCA didn’t show a significant difference.
Cognitive metaphor theories in translation studies: Toward a dual-model parametric approach
Authors: He Sui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cognitive metaphor theory provides a systematic framework to better understand the working mechanism of metaphor. Its recent development further allows translation researchers to have a clearer insight into the movement of metaphor across languages and culture. Building on an empirical study, this paper examines the complementary relationship between two prominent cognitive metaphor theories – Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT), and discusses the practical contribution that this relationship could make to the existing research on metaphor translation. To construct a comparable basis for CMT and CBT, two parameters are adopted for data analysis, which is proven useful to serve the purpose. The two chosen parameters are: projection and provenance, denoting the content and the type of metaphor respectively. Metaphorical expressions analyzed in this paper are sourced from cosmology-themed articles published in Scientific American in 2017 and their Simplified Chinese translations published in Huanqiukexue. Findings show that delineated by the two parameters, CMT and CBT indeed share a complementary relationship owing to their different focuses and organizing mechanisms. Furthermore, the collaboration between CMT and CBT offers a well-rounded analytical framework for translation studies. In turn, the correlation between metaphor parameters and translation solutions provides detailed clues for studying metaphor across culture. Finally, the reflection of this dual-model parametric approach regarding its pros and cons is also shown to shed light on future research.
Immune response in glioma’s microenvironment
Authors: Chen Houminji , Li Ming , Guo Yanwu , Zhong Yongsheng , He Zhuoyi , Xu Yuting , Zou Junjie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Glioma is the most common tumor of the central nervous system. In this review, we outline the immunobiological factors that interact with glioma cells and tumor microenvironment (TME), providing more potential targets for clinical inhibition of glioma development and more directions for glioma treatment.

Content
Recent studies have shown that glioma cells secrete a variety of immune regulatory factors and interact with immune cells such as microglial cells, peripheral macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and T lymphocytes in the TME. In particular, microglia plays a key role in promoting glioma growth. Infiltrating immune cells induce local production of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Further leads to immune escape of malignant gliomas.

Summary and Outlook
The complex interaction of tumor cells with the TME has largely contributed to tumor heterogeneity and poor prognosis. We review the immunobiological factors, immune cells and current immunotherapy of gliomas, provide experimental evidence for future research and treatment of gliomas.
Primary renal Ewing’s sarcoma in an adult: an enigma
Authors: Das Suvraraj , Aggarwal Gaurav , Gupta Sujoy , Midha Divya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Extraskeletal Ewing’s sarcoma is a rarity, with a renal primary in an adult, being even rarer. There is no consensus on the optimal imaging modality, as well as best therapeutic option, making them an enigma for clinicians.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 34-year-old lady, a known case of invasive lobular carcinoma of the left breast (ER,PR positive, Her2neu negative), having completed treatment in 2017, wherein, on an ultrasound evaluation for left flank pain, was incidentally found to have a left renal mass. A CT scan corroborated with the ultrasound, with an additional Level 1, left renal vein thrombus. She underwent an open left radical nephrectomy with renal vein thrombectomy. Histopathology of the resected tumor revealed features of Ewing’s sarcoma of the kidney, confirmed by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation (FISH) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Conclusion
Primary renal Ewing’s sarcoma in an adult is a rare occurrence, with no characteristic imaging features, and no universally accepted guideline based management protocols. Akin with standard Ewings sarcoma treatment strategies, a margin negative- radical nephrectomy with adjuvant chemotherapy, seems the most apt treatment strategy.
Evaluating feedback requirements for trust calibration in automated vehicles
Authors: Wintersberger Philipp , Janotta Frederica , Peintner Jakob , Löcken Andreas , Riener Andreas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The inappropriate use of automation as a result of trust issues is a major barrier for a broad market penetration of automated vehicles. Studies so far have shown that providing information about the vehicle’s actions and intentions can be used to calibrate trust and promote user acceptance. However, how such feedback could be designed optimally is still an open question. This article presents the results of two user studies. In the first study, we investigated subjective trust and user experience of (N=21) participants driving in a fully automated vehicle, which interacts with other traffic participants in virtual reality. The analysis of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews shows that participants request feedback about the vehicle’s status and intentions and prefer visual feedback over other modalities. Consequently, we conducted a second study to derive concrete requirements for future feedback systems. We showed (N=56) participants various videos of an automated vehicle from the ego perspective and asked them to select elements in the environment they want feedback about so that they would feel safe, trust the vehicle, and understand its actions. The results confirm a correlation between subjective user trust and feedback needs and highlight essential requirements for automatic feedback generation. The results of both experiments provide a scientific basis for designing more adaptive and personalized in-vehicle interfaces for automated driving.
Zur Wahlkompetenz von Studierenden
Authors: Reichmann Gerhard , Ladner Klaus , Staněk Rostislav 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Diese Untersuchung ist aus informationswissenschaftlicher Sicht dem Themenbereich der Informationskompetenz zuzuordnen und überprüft die Wahlkompetenz von wahlberechtigten Studierenden. Dabei werden diese um eine Einschätzung der Positionen der wichtigsten politischen Parteien Österreichs gebeten. Die Wahlkompetenz wird umso höher eingeschätzt, je geringer die als Fehlerquote bezeichnete Abweichung zwischen subjektiver Einschätzung und tatsächlicher Position ist. Die für die Untersuchung benötigten Daten zu den Pateipositionen wurden der Wahlempfehlungsplattform „wahlkabine.at“ entnommen. Die Einschätzung der Position erfolgte mittels strukturierter Befragung von 620 Studierenden. Zusätzlich wird analysiert, ob es bei der Wahlkompetenz studiums-, geschlechter-, alters- oder interessensspezifische Unterschiede gibt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine recht hohe Wahlkompetenz der Studierenden. Im Durchschnitt lag die Fehlerquote, je nach Methodik, zwischen 24,7 und 36,6 Prozent. Signifikant besser schnitten v. a. Studierende mit einem hohen Interesse an Politik ab.
Lagrangian multipliers for generalized affine and generalized convex vector optimization problems of set-valued maps
Authors: Zeng Renying 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce some definitions of generalized affine set-valued maps: affinelike, preaffinelike, nearaffinelike, and prenearaffinelike maps. We present examples to explain that our definitions of generalized affine maps are different from each other. We derive a theorem of alternative of Farkas–Minkowski type, discuss Lagrangian multipliers for constrained set-valued optimization problems, and obtain some optimality conditions for weakly efficient solutions.
Effect of fennel on primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shahrahmani Hadis , Ghazanfarpour Masumeh , Shahrahmani Nasim , Abdi Fatemeh , Sewell Robert D. E. , Rafieian-Kopaei Mahmoud 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
One of the most common complaints for women is dysmenorrhea. Several studies investigated the treatment effects of medicinal plants on primary dysmenorrhea.

Objectives
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the effect of Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) on pain in primary dysmenorrhea in comparison to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as mefenamic acid.

Methods
PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Science Direct, ProQuest, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar, Magiran, SID, Iran Medex, and Irandoc were searched up to January 2019. Quality assessment of clinical trials was conducted using Jadad scoring system. Totally, 12 studies were entered in the meta-analysis. I
2 was calculated to determine heterogeneity. Fixed effects and/or random effects models were applied.

Results
Meta-analysis of these trials showed that F. vulgare intake decreased significantly the intensity of dysmenorrhea compared to the placebo (SMD −0.632; CI: −0.827 to −0.436; p<0.001; heterogeneity p=0.807; I
2=0%; fixed effect model; seven articles). However, the effect of Mefenamic acid with F. vulgare was not different from each other (SMD=−0.214; CI: −0.446 to 0.017; p=0.07; heterogeneity p=0.58; I
2=0%; fixed effect model; six trials).

Conclusion
The F. vulgare alleviates dysmenorrhea. Regarding the same effect of F. vulgare with NSAIDs, it is highly recommend to the women suffered from dysmenorrhea specifically the ones who have high tendency toward herbal medicine.
On the convergence of recursive SURE for total variation minimization
Authors: Xue Feng , Ai Xia , Liu Jiaqi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recently, total variation (TV) regularization has become a standard technique for image recovery. The mean squared error (MSE) of the reconstruction can be reliably estimated by Stein’s unbiased risk estimate (SURE). In this work, we develop two recursive evaluations of SURE, based on Chambolle’s projection method (CPM) for TV denoising and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for TV deconvolution, respectively. In particular, from the proximal point perspective, we provide the convergence analysis for both iterative schemes and the corresponding Jacobian recursions, in terms of the solution distance, from which follows the convergence of noise evolution of Monte-Carlo simulation in practical computations. The theoretical analysis is supported by numerical examples.
Joint inversion of high-frequency induction and lateral logging sounding data in earth models with tilted principal axes of the electrical resistivity tensor
Authors: Nechaev Oleg , Glinskikh Viacheslav , Mikhaylov Igor , Moskaev Ilya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this article, we are the first to formulate the direct and inverse problems of resistivity logging on determining the components of the electrical resistivity tensor of rocks from a set of high-frequency induction and lateral logging sounding measurements.
Using a finite element approximation, high-order hierarchical basis functions, computationally efficient multilevel methods and a multistart algorithm with the DFO-LS local optimization method, we investigate the capability of reconstructing the horizontal and vertical resistivity components, as well as the tilt of the resistivity tensor principal axes with regard to the study of complex geological objects.
A separate consideration is given to a realistic generalized geoelectric model of the unique hydrocarbon source with hard-to-recover reserves, the Bazhenov Formation.
Polydisperse Colloids Two-Moment Diffusion Model Through Irreversible Thermodynamics Considerations
Authors: Bouzghaia Mohamed , Souidi Ferhat , Larbi Zakaria 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study deals with the problem of diffusion for polydisperse colloids. The resolution of this complex problem usually requires computationally expensive numerical models. By considering the number of colloidal particles and their mass as independent variables, the equations of state for a dilute polydisperse colloid are derived on a statistical mechanics basis. Irreversible thermodynamics is then applied to obtain a simple two-moment diffusion model. The validity of the model is illustrated by comparing its results with those obtained by a classical size spectrum approach, in a sedimentation equilibrium problem and in an unsteady one-dimensional diffusion problem in Stokes–Einstein regime, and under the hypothesis that the size spectrum distribution is stochastic. In the first problem, the two-moment diffusion problem allows to represent rigorously the vertical size segregation induced by gravity, while in the second one, it allows a convenient description of the diffusion of polydisperse colloids by using two coupled diffusion equations, with an accuracy comparable with that of the classical size spectrum approach. The contribution of our work lies primarily in the application of a non-equilibrium thermodynamics methodology to a challenging issue of colloid modeling, namely, polydispersity, by going from statistical mechanics to the derivation of phenomenological coefficients, with the two-moment approach as a guideline.