bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Digoxin With Preserved Echocardiographic Indices in the Interstage Period: A Possible Mechanism to Explain Improved Survival?
Authors: Batsis Maria , Kochilas Lazaros , Chin Alvin J. , Kelleman Michael , Ferguson Eric , Oster Matthew E. 
Published: December 2021

Background
For patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, digoxin has been associated with reduced interstage mortality after the Norwood operation, but the mechanism of this benefit remains unclear. Preservation of right ventricular (RV) echocardiographic indices has been associated with better outcomes in hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Therefore, we sought to determine whether digoxin use is associated with preservation of the RV indices in the interstage period.

Methods and Results

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data using the public use data set from the Pediatric Heart Network Single Ventricle Reconstruction trial, conducted in 15 North American centers between 2005 and 2008. We included all patients who survived the interstage period and had echocardiographic data post‐Norwood and pre‐Glenn operations. We used multivariable linear regression to compare changes in RV parameters, adjusting for relevant covariates. Of 289 patients, 94 received digoxin at discharge post‐Norwood. There were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics or post‐Norwood echocardiographic RV indices (RV end‐diastolic volume indexed, RV end‐systolic volume indexed, ejection fraction) in the digoxin versus no‐digoxin groups. At the end of the interstage period and after adjustment for relevant covariates, patients on digoxin had better preserved RV indices compared with those not on digoxin for the ΔRV end‐diastolic volume (11 versus 15 mL,
P
=0.026) and the ΔRV end‐systolic volume (6 versus 9 mL,
P
=0.009) with the indexed ΔRV end‐systolic volume (11 versus 20 mL/BSA
1.3
,
P
=0.034). The change in the RV ejection fraction during the interstage period between the 2 groups did not meet statistical significance (−2 versus −5,
P
=0.056); however, the trend continued to be favorable for the digoxin group.

Conclusions
Digoxin use during the interstage period is associated with better preservation of the RV volume and tricuspid valve measurements leading to less adverse remodeling of the single ventricle. These findings suggest a possible mechanism of action explaining digoxin’s survival benefit during the interstage period.
Contacts With the Health Care System Before Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Zylyftari Nertila , Møller Sidsel G. , Wissenberg Mads , Folke Frederik , Barcella Carlo A. , Møller Amalie Lykkemark , Gnesin Filip , Mills Elisabeth Helen Anna , Jensen Britta , Lee Christina Ji‐Young , Tan Hanno L. , Køber Lars , Lippert Freddy , Gislason Gunnar H. , Torp‐Pedersen Christian ,   for the ESCAPE‐NET Investigators
Published: December 2021

Background
It remains challenging to identify patients at risk of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We aimed to examine health care contacts in patients before OHCA compared with the general population that did not experience an OHCA.

Methods and Results

Patients with OHCA with a presumed cardiac cause were identified from the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry (2001–2014) and their health care contacts (general practitioner [GP]/hospital) were examined up to 1 year before OHCA. In a case‐control study (1:9), OHCA contacts were compared with an age‐ and sex‐matched background population. Separately, patients with OHCA were examined by the contact type (GP/hospital/both/no contact) within 2 weeks before OHCA. We included 28 955 patients with OHCA. The weekly percentages of patient contacts with GP the year before OHCA were constant (25%) until 1 week before OHCA when they markedly increased (42%). Weekly percentages of patient contacts with hospitals the year before OHCA gradually increased during the last 6 months (3.5%–6.6%), peaking at the second week (6.8%) before OHCA; mostly attributable to cardiovascular diseases (21%). In comparison, there were fewer weekly contacts among controls with 13% for GP and 2% for hospital contacts (
P
<0.001). Within 2 weeks before OHCA, 57.8% of patients with OHCA had a health care contact, and these patients had more contacts with GP (odds ratio [OR], 3.17; 95% CI, 3.09–3.26) and hospital (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 2.21–2.43) compared with controls.

Conclusions
The health care contacts of patients with OHCA nearly doubled leading up to the OHCA event, with more than half of patients having health care contacts within 2 weeks before arrest. This could have implications for future preventive strategies.
An 1853 Map of the Yoruba Country
Authors: Ogundiwin Babatunde A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper examines an 1853 map of Yorubaland that reflects the evangelisation discourse of the American Southern Baptist Convention. Starting from 1845, the SBC began an evangelical drive towards the ‘saving’ of Africans in West Africa as a form of self-compensation in their attempt to prove that they were not against ‘Black Africans’ in the United States. Yet there were geographical notions of distinguishing Africans to be converted but these views of the white Southern Baptist brethren were reframed owing to field experiences of the missionary-explorer in the early 1850s. Drawing on a critical cartographic approach, this article argues that this map was culturally constructed. This study explores the map construction within the contexts of evangelical zeal, the preconceived geographical theories of West Africa, and exploratory accounts of Thomas Bowen. Consequently, the article reveals the interconnectedness of the church, the missionary-explorer, African informants and the mapmaker in geographical knowledge production. As a result, the study concludes that an ideological perspective reflects in cartographic knowledge presented on the map.
The Obs-Services and their potentials for biodiversity data assessments with a test of the current reliability of photo-identification of Coleoptera in the field
Authors: Molls Christian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The current reliability of species identifications by the Nature Identification API (NIA) of the app ObsIdentify is tested with a Coleoptera (Insecta) sample set from Germany. Seventy-five photographic beetle records taken with a smartphone camera under “average user” conditions are analysed in terms of correctness of the app’s identification result on various taxonomic levels, the displayed confidence level of the identification and the time until validation of the results. More than 60% of samples were identified correctly at the species level, but only 53% were validated within a month. The mechanisms by which users can upload pictures of their observations to be identified by the artificial intelligence and the validation process by experts are briefly explained. Regional specifics and further opportunities for data usage as well as currently existing problems are discussed and improvements are suggested. The expert validation of records is identified as a huge quality advantage of the Obs-Services. They are generally found to be a promising tool for lay people and professional institutions, despite still existing deficiencies such as identification failure in mutilated specimens, cryptic and rare species, doubtful species rarity ratings as well as the still insufficient capacity of validation. Experts and institutions are encouraged to volunteer as validators and collaborators.
Проблема жанрової типології рецензій на термінологічні словники
Authors: Петрова [Petrova] Тетяна [Tetiana] О. [O.] 
Published: December 2021

The Issue of Genre Typology of Terminological Dictionary ReviewsThis article considers the terminological dictionary review as an integral genre that combines the features of scientific communication, language criticism, source studies, literary studies and publicism.As stressed, critical sub-discourse is a component of evaluative discourse, and reviews of scientific works are a typical manifestation of evaluative discourse and critical sub-discourse.A multidimensional genre typology of post-publication reviews of terminological dictionaries is developed on the basis of such features as: the number of authors; the specialities of reviewers; the type of a journal where the review is published; the scope of information in the review; the number of dictionaries under consideration; the type of specialist dictionaries under review; presence/absence of scientific discussion, i.e. presence/absence of a response to the review; the style of the text of the review; the time between the release of the dictionary and the publication of the review. Problem typologii gatunkowej recenzji słowników terminologicznychArtykuł definiuje recenzję słownika terminologicznego jako gatunek integralny, łączący w sobie cechy komunikacji naukowej, krytyki językowej, źródłoznawstwa, literaturoznawstwa i publicystyki.W tekście podkreśla się, że subdyskurs krytyczny jest elementem dyskursu ewaluacyjnego, a recenzja badań naukowych jest typowym przejawem dyskursu ewaluacyjnego i subdyskursu krytycznego.Omawia się wieloaspektową typologię recenzji popublikacyjnych słowników terminologicznych, uwzględniając elementy takie jak: liczba autorów; specjalizację recenzentów; typ czasopisma, w którym zamieszczono recenzję; zakres informacji zawartych w recenzji; liczbę omawianych słowników; typ recenzowanych słowników specjalistycznych; obecność/brak dyskusji naukowej, tzn. obecność/brak odpowiedzi na recenzję; styl tekstu recenzji; czas, jaki upłynął między publikacją słownika a pojawieniem się recenzji.
Linguistic and Cultural Perceptions of Selected Occupations in Eighteenth-Century Proverbs (on the Basis of "Nowy dykcjonarz" by Michał Abraham Troc)
Authors: Kuryłowicz Beata , Szamryk Konrad Kazimierz 
Published: December 2021

Linguistic and Cultural Perceptions of Selected Occupations in Eighteenth-Century Proverbs (on the Basis of Nowy dykcjonarz by Michał Abraham Troc)This paper is an attempt to show the possibilities offered by an analysis of a historical dictionary in researching the old ways of perceiving, categorizing and evaluating the world. The observations in question are based on proverbs extracted from Nowy dykcjonarz by Michał Abraham Troc, which is one of the most significant achievements of Polish lexicography of the eighteenth century.Using the methodology of linguistic worldview reconstruction, the authors present the ways of perceiving certain occupations (shoemakers, blacksmiths, wheelwrights, cooks, doctors, executioners) by people in the eighteenth century and provide the cultural context of these perceptions. The analysis demonstrates that language is not only a communication tool, but also a carrier of the collective experience and outlook on life. Językowa i kulturowa percepcja zawodów w XVIII-wiecznych przysłowiach (na materiale Nowego dykcjonarza Michała Abrahama Troca)Celem niniejszego tekstu jest wskazanie możliwości, jakie daje analiza słownika historycznego w badaniu dawnych sposobów postrzegania, kategoryzowania i wartościowania świata. Rozważania te opierają się na przysłowiach zaczerpniętych z Nowego dykcjonarza Michała Abrahama Troca. Słownik ten jest jednym z najważniejszych osiągnięć polskiej leksykografii XVIII wieku.Posługując się metodologią językowego obrazu świata, autorzy rekonstruują językowo-kulturowy sposób postrzegania zawodów (szewców, kowali, kołodziejów, kucharzy, lekarzy, katów) utrwalony w osiemnastowiecznych przysłowiach. Przedstawiona analiza dowodzi, że język jest nie tylko narzędziem komunikacji, ale także nośnikiem zbiorowego doświadczenia i poglądu na świat.
Direction Finding and Likelihood Ratio Detection for Oceanographic HF Radars
Authors: Emery Brian , Kirincich Anthony , Washburn Libe 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Previous work with simulations of oceanographic high-frequency (HF) radars has identified possible improvements when using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) for direction of arrival; however, methods for determining the number of emitters (here defined as spatially distinct patches of the ocean surface) have not realized these improvements. Here we describe and evaluate the use of the likelihood ratio (LR) for emitter detection, demonstrating its application to oceanographic HF radar data. The combined detection–estimation methods MLE-LR are compared with multiple signal classification method (MUSIC) and MUSIC parameters for SeaSonde HF radars, along with a method developed for 8-channel systems known as MUSIC-Highest. Results show that the use of MLE-LR produces similar accuracy, in terms of the RMS difference and correlation coefficients squared, as previous methods. We demonstrate that improved accuracy can be obtained for both methods, at the cost of fewer velocity observations and decreased spatial coverage. For SeaSondes, accuracy improvements are obtained with less commonly used parameter sets. The MLE-LR is shown to be able to resolve simultaneous closely spaced emitters, which has the potential to improve observations obtained by HF radars operating in complex current environments.
Significance Statement
We identify and test a method based on the likelihood ratio (LR) for determining the number of signal sources in observations subject to direction finding with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Direction-finding methods are used in broad-ranging applications that include radar, sonar, and wireless communication. Previous work suggests accuracy improvements when using MLE, but suitable methods for determining the number of simultaneous signal sources are not well known. Our work shows that the LR, when combined with MLE, performs at least as well as alternative methods when applied to oceanographic high-frequency (HF) radars. In some situations, MLE and LR obtain superior resolution, where resolution is defined as the ability to distinguish closely spaced signal sources.
A comprehensive genome-wide scan detects genomic regions related to local adaptation and climate resilience in Mediterranean domestic sheep
Authors: Tsartsianidou Valentina , Sánchez-Molano Enrique , Kapsona Vanessa Varvara , Basdagianni Zoitsa , Chatziplis Dimitrios , Arsenos Georgios , Triantafyllidis Alexandros , Banos Georgios 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe management of farm animal genetic resources and the adaptation of animals to climate change will probably have major effects on the long-term sustainability of the livestock sector. Genomic data harbour useful relevant information that needs to be harnessed for effectively managing genetic resources. In this paper, we report the genome characterization of the highly productive Mediterranean Chios dairy sheep and focus on genetic diversity measures related with local adaptation and selection and the genetic architecture of animal resilience to weather fluctuations as a novel adaptative trait linked to climate change.ResultsWe detected runs of homozygosity (ROH) and heterozygosity (ROHet) that revealed multiple highly homozygous and heterozygous hotspots across the Chios sheep genome. A particularly highly homozygous region was identified on chromosome 13 as a candidate of directional genetic selection associated with milk traits, which includes annotated genes that were previously shown to be linked to local adaptation to harsh environmental conditions. Favourable heterozygosity related with a potentially protective role against livestock diseases and enhanced overall fitness was revealed in heterozygous-rich regions on sheep chromosomes 3, 10, 13 and 19. Furthermore, genomic analyses were conducted on sheep resilience phenotypes that display changes in milk production in response to weather variation. Sheep resilience to heat stress was a significantly heritable trait (h2 = 0.26) and genetically antagonistic to milk production. Genome-wide association and regional heritability mapping analyses revealed novel genomic markers and regions on chromosome 5 that were significantly associated with sheep resilience to climate change. Subsequently, an annotation analysis detected a set of genes on chromosome 5 that were associated with olfactory receptor complexes that could participate in heat stress mitigation through changes in respiration rate and respiratory evaporation. Other genes were grouped in previously reported biological processes relevant to livestock heat dissipation, including stress and immune response.ConclusionsOur results may contribute to the optimal management of sheep genetic resources and inform modern selective breeding programmes that aim at mitigating future environmental challenges towards sustainable farming, while better balancing animal adaptation and productivity. Our results are directly relevant to the studied breed and the respective environmental conditions; however, the methodology may be extended to other livestock species of interest.
BreakNet: detecting deletions using long reads and a deep learning approach
Authors: Luo Junwei , Ding Hongyu , Shen Jiquan , Zhai Haixia , Wu Zhengjiang , Yan Chaokun , Luo Huimin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Structural variations (SVs) occupy a prominent position in human genetic diversity, and deletions form an important type of SV that has been suggested to be associated with genetic diseases. Although various deletion calling methods based on long reads have been proposed, a new approach is still needed to mine features in long-read alignment information. Recently, deep learning has attracted much attention in genome analysis, and it is a promising technique for calling SVs.

Results
In this paper, we propose BreakNet, a deep learning method that detects deletions by using long reads. BreakNet first extracts feature matrices from long-read alignments. Second, it uses a time-distributed convolutional neural network (CNN) to integrate and map the feature matrices to feature vectors. Third, BreakNet employs a bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) model to analyse the produced set of continuous feature vectors in both the forward and backward directions. Finally, a classification module determines whether a region refers to a deletion. On real long-read sequencing datasets, we demonstrate that BreakNet outperforms Sniffles, SVIM and cuteSV in terms of their F1 scores. The source code for the proposed method is available from GitHub at https://github.com/luojunwei/BreakNet.

Conclusions
Our work shows that deep learning can be combined with long reads to call deletions more effectively than existing methods.
Genome-wide identification, characteristics and expression of the prolamin genes in Thinopyrum elongatum
Authors: Ge Wenyang , Gao Yu , Xu Shoushen , Ma Xin , Wang Hongwei , Kong Lingrang , Sun Silong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Prolamins, unique to Gramineae (grasses), play a key role in the human diet. Thinopyrum elongatum (syn. Agropyron elongatum or Lophopyrum elongatum), a grass of the Triticeae family with a diploid E genome (2n = 2x = 14), is genetically well-characterized, but little is known about its prolamin genes and the relationships with homologous loci in the Triticeae species.

Results
In this study, a total of 19 α-gliadin, 9 γ-gliadin, 19 ω-gliadin, 2 high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS), and 5 low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) genes were identified in the Th. elongatum genome. Micro-synteny and phylogenetic analysis revealed dynamic changes of prolamin gene regions and genetic affinities among Th. elongatum, Triticum aestivum, T. urartu and Aegilops tauschii. The Th. elongatum genome, like the B subgenome of T. aestivum, only contained celiac disease epitope DQ8-glia-α1/DQ8.5-glia-α1, which provided a theoretical basis for the low gluten toxicity wheat breeding. The transcriptome data of Th. elongatum exhibited differential expression in quantity and pattern in the same subfamily or different subfamilies. Dough rheological properties of T. aestivum-Th. elongatum disomic substitution (DS) line 1E(1D) showed higher peak height values than that of their parents, and DS6E(6D) exhibited fewer α-gliadins, which indicates the potential usage for wheat quality breeding.

Conclusions
Overall, this study provided a comprehensive overview of the prolamin gene family in Th. elongatum, and suggested a promising use of this species in the generation of improved wheat breeds intended for the human diet.
Identification and functional deciphering suggested the regulatory roles of long intergenic ncRNAs (lincRNAs) in increasing grafting pepper resistance to Phytophthora capsici
Authors: Yin Junliang , Yan Jiahui , Hou Lu , Jiang Liling , Xian Wenrong , Guo Qingyun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
As a popular and valuable technique, grafting is widely used to protect against soil-borne diseases and nematodes in vegetable production. Growing evidences have revealed that long intergenic ncRNAs (lincRNAs) are strictly regulated and play essential roles in plants development and stress responses. Nevertheless, genome-wide identification and function deciphering of pepper lincRNAs, especially for their roles in improving grafting pepper resistance to Phytophthora capsici is largely unknown.

Results
In this study, RNA-seq data of grafting and control pepper plants with or without P. capsici inoculation were used to identify lincRNAs. In total, 2,388 reliable lincRNAs were identified. They were relatively longer and contained few exons than protein-coding genes. Similar to coding genes, lincRNAs had higher densities in euchromatin regions; and longer chromosome transcribed more lincRNAs. Expression pattern profiling suggested that lincRNAs commonly had lower expression than mRNAs. Totally, 607 differentially expressed lincRNAs (DE-lincRANs) were identified, of which 172 were found between P. capsici resistance grafting pepper sample GR and susceptible sample LDS. The neighboring genes of DE-lincRNAs and miRNAs competitively sponged by DE-lincRNAs were identified. Subsequently, the expression level of DE-lincRNAs was further confirmed by qRT-PCR and regulation patterns between DE-lincRNAs and neighboring mRNAs were also validated. Function annotation revealed that DE-lincRNAs increased the resistance of grafting prepper to P. capsici by modulating the expression of disease-defense related genes through cis-regulating and/or lincRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction networks.

Conclusions
This study identified pepper lincRNAs and suggested their potential roles in increasing the resistance level of grafting pepper to P. capsici.