bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legume Consumption and Breast Cancer Risk in Puerto Rico: The Atabey Study
Authors: Schelske Santos Michelle , Nazario Cruz , Nie Jing , Rosario Rosado Rosa , Mansilla‐Rivera Imar , Hernández Johan , Ramírez Marrero Farah , Freudenheim Jo 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThere is evidence that lignans, high in phytoestrogens, are associated with decreased breast cancer (BrCa) risk. We assessed dietary intake of legumes around the time of menarche (12 – 13y) and in adulthood (1‐year prior) in relation to risk in a Puerto Rican (PR) population with high intake of legumes. Methods: In the Atabey Study, a population based, case‐control study of women 30‐79y residing in the San Juan, PR, Metropolitan Area, we conducted in‐person interviews among 317 cases and 348 controls, including assessment of dietary intake of legumes, using a culturally‐specific, semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Results: Intake of legumes was not significantly associated with breast cancer risk. For adult intakes, there was a non‐significant increase in risk for lower legume consumption (adjusted OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.84‐1.89) for the lowest tertile compared to the highest tertile (P trend = 0.08). Results were similar for analyses of adult intakes stratified on menopausal status. For reported adolescent legume intake, the adjusted OR (95% CI) was 1.24 (0.81‐1.90) for intake below the median compared to above (P = 0.33). ConclusionHigher legume intake during adulthood or at 12‐13y old was not significantly associated with BrCa risk in this population with high legume intake. Further analyses are needed to better describe potential roles of fiber, total lignan and other food components in relation to BrCa prevention in this Hispanic population. Funded in part by DOD CDMRP, BC060131
Mediterranean Diet is Associated with Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: The SEARCH Nutrition Ancillary Study
Authors: Zhong Victor , Lamichhane Archana , Crandell Jamie , Couch Sarah , Liese Angela , The Natalie , Dabelea Dana , Lawrence Jean , Kim Grace , Marcovina Santica , Mayer‐Davis Elizabeth 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundData on the benefit of a Mediterranean diet (MD) on glycemic control (GC), insulin sensitivity (IS), and cardiovascular health for youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are scarce.Methods.Incident T1D cases <20 years of age at diagnosis were included (N=793). MD adherence was assessed by modified KIDMED index (mKIDMED) with a range from ‐3 to 12 points. Multivariate linear regression, adjusting for confounders, was used to determine the association between MD adherence and GC, IS, lipids, blood pressure (BP), and obesity. Potential mediation by HbA1c was evaluated.Results.The mean (standard deviation) of mKIDMED score was 3.60 (1.88), ranging from ‐1 to 10. Every two‐point increase in mKIDMED score was inversely associated with log‐HbA1c (β=‐0.02, P=0.02), total cholesterol (TC) (β=‐4.04, P=0.006), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐C (β=‐3.39, P=0.004), non‐high‐density lipoprotein (non‐HDL)‐C (β=‐3.86, P=0.004), and LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio (β=‐0.07, P=0.02). Unexpectedly, mKIDMED score was positively associated with systolic BP in non‐Hispanic white cases (β=1.21, P=0.009). About 20% of the associations of a MD with lipids was mediated by HbA1c.ConclusionsIncreased MD adherence may be beneficial for GC, and cardiovascular health for youth with T1D.
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders are Highly Prevalent in Mexican School‐age Children
Authors: Carrillo‐Vega Maria Fernanda , Duran‐Arenas Juan Juis Gerardo , Tirado‐Gomez Laura Leticia , Hervert‐Hernandez Deisy 
Published: June 2021

Fiber intake in Mexican children remains below recommended levels, with a median intake of 14 g/day in children aged 5‐11 y (National Survey on Health and Nutrition 2006). Fiber inadequacy is concerning as it is a leading risk factor for constipation. Additionally data on gastrointestinal disorders in Mexican children are unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in Mexican children aged 8‐11 y and fiber intake. Convenience sampling was used to obtain data from public school children (n=799) in Mexico City. Information on digestive health, anthropometry, physical activity and frequency of food consumption was collected through validated questionnaires. Subjects' characteristics were: 48% female, age 9.4±0.9 y, BMI 19.1±3.7 kg/m2, 30% underweight, 29% normal weight, 24% overweight and 18% obese. Children reported suffering abdominal pain (35%), tenesmus (34%), bloating (43%), straining (33%), flatulence (45%) and stool frequency 蠄3 times/wk (23%). The prevalence of functional constipation was 26%. Of note, 86% of the children did not meet the adequate intake for fiber (mean intake: 11.0±4.7 g). Main food sources of fiber (% of total) were: fruits (29.1%), vegetables (26.4%), legumes (19.1%) and cereals (16.4%). Children reported a physical activity of 281.4±154.3 min/wk. Symptoms of functional gastrointestinal disorders are highly prevalent in school‐age children, primarily those associated with functional constipation. This condition could potentially be associated with low fiber intake and physical inactivity.Research supported by Kellogg Company Mexico
Acute Effect of Whey Protein Microgels on Whole Body Protein Turnover in Overweight Adults
Authors: Godin Jean‐Philippe , Kassis Amira 
Published: June 2021

Differences in protein digestion and absorption are hypothesized to translate into differences in whole body protein synthesis. Whey protein is qualified as a “fast protein” in relation to its speed of digestion and ensuing aminoacidemia in comparison to casein, the “slow protein”. WP has previously been reported to incur a higher muscle protein synthesis as compared to casein; however results are inconsistent at the whole body level.Whey protein microgels (WPM) are aggregates of whey protein allowing the inclusion of high concentrations of whey protein in liquid matrices. Given that WPM have been shown to result in a delayed appearance of amino acids in the plasma as compared to native WP, we investigated the acute effect of WPM on whole body protein turnover using stable isotope methodology, as compared to micellar casein (MC) in a crossover trial on 7 overweight subjects consuming 4 different isocaloric meals: 1) carbohydrate control 2) 30g of WPM, 3) 50g of WPM (WPM50) and 4) 50g of MC (MC50).WPM50 resulted in higher (p<0.0001) plasma levels of leucine, branched chain, and total amino acids as compared to MC50. We observed no significant difference in non‐oxidative leucine disposal whereas protein oxidation was significantly different (p<0.05) between groups, 170.3 ± 5.4, and 334.9 ± 39 for MC50 and WPM50, respectively. Postprandial Leu balance was similar for WPM50 and MC50.We conclude that at a dose of 50g, the effect of WPM on whole body protein synthesis is not significantly different from that of MC, whereas the resulting Leu protein oxidation and plasma amino acids are higher. The lack of effect could be partly explained by the high dose of protein administered potentially reaching a plateau in whole body protein synthesis, as was previously shown on skeletal muscle.
Role of calcium in regulating the production of urine by the Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius prolixus.
Authors: Hassan Noman , Gioino Paula , Katselis George , Ianowski Juan 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundR. prolixus Malpighian tubules require very efficient transport machinery and regulatory mechanisms to prevent catastrophic imbalances in intracellular ion composition. Recently, we have demonstrated that tubules stimulated with the diuretic hormone serotonin (5HT) trigger intracellular calcium (Ca2+) waves that play a pivotal role in the regulation of ion transport.Questions:What is the intracellular second messenger pathway triggered by 5HT? What is coded in the intracellular Ca2+ waves?MethodsMass spectrometry (MS) techniques were employed to analyze the changes in intracellular proteome between non‐stimulated (control) and 5HT‐stimulated tubules. The effect of individual protein changes on the regulation in M. tubules was studied using pharmcology. Intracellular Ca2+ imaging was used to study the effect of altering the ion transport properties of the tubule on 5HT‐stimulated Ca2+ waves.Results5HT‐stimulated intracellular Ca2+ signaling are blocked by treatment with PLC and IP3 receptor inhibitors. Ca2+ waves are modulated by blockers of ion transporters (bumetanide). MS analysis showed differences between control and 5HT‐stimulated groups. We detected kinases WNK and OSR1 that have been shown to regulate ion transport in vertebrate system. This is the first time that these kinases are reported in R. Prolixus.ConclusionIntracellular Ca2+ is triggered by PLC and IP3 and modulated by ion and fluid flux. We propose that the amplitude modulation of the Ca2+ signal may be important in coding for the ion transport state of the cells. The global proteomics analysis indicates that WNK and OSR1 may be involved in the regulation of 5HT‐stimulated fluid secretion.
Milk Composition Produced from Malawi Zebu‐Friesian Crosses and Susceptibility to Environmental Stress
Authors: Allen Jonathan , Neba Sopani 
Published: June 2021

Milk intake in developing countries like Malawi is low, contributing to intake of calcium below recommendations; increasing milk availability from local sources could significantly improve nutrient intake in this population. Government programs promote the use of Friesian cows and cross breeding of traditional Malawi zebu and Friesians to improve the performance of zebu cows and increase milk production.The objective of this study was to compare the milk composition and heat stress response among Malawi zebu (Z), Friesian (F), and cross‐bred (C) cows in Malawi as a component of the effort to increase dairy product intake and economic return to small‐holder dairy farmers. We hypothesized that the crossbred cows would have a heat shock protein (HSP) response similar to zebu that could affect fitness, milk yield, or milk composition in hot environments.Blood and milk samples were collected from randomly selected groups of approximately 20 each F, C and Z lactating cows. HSP‐70 was measured by ELISA. Milk Na and K were measured by ion‐selective electrodes. Lactose, protein and fat were measured chemically.HSP70 concentration in blood, and milk [Na], and [fat] did not differ significantly between breeds although mean HSP 70 was highest in F and lowest in Z. Milk [K] was 1.17±0.08, 1.32±0.06, and 1.42±0.05 g/L in Z, C and F, respectively (P<.02). Milk [lactose] was 4.59±0.03, 4.43±0.01 and 4.16±0.02 g/dL in Z, C, and F (P<.001). Milk [protein] was 3.03±0.018, 2.90±0.004, and 2.75±0.009 g/dL in Z, C and F (P<.001).The trends in milk composition are consistent with lower producing animals having higher lactose and protein concentrations. Efforts to increase milk production in tropical regions may have impacts on milk composition and heat tolerance.
Ethnobotanical Cultural Values and Uses of Nutritional and Medicinal Plants in Rural Panama
Authors: Bermudez Isaias , van der Have Thomas , Bermudez Odilia , dePerez Juana 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo identify nutritional and medicinal plants commonly used and with high cultural values among residents of the community of El Cacao, Capira, Panama.MethodsA community mapping and interviews were conducted in 90 households (90%) in the mentioned community to elicit the knowledge, uses and attributed cultural values assigned to nutritional and medicinal plants. For the interpretation of results, we applied the TRAMIL indicator for prevalence of uses and the Index for Cultural Value (ICV).ResultsThe people of El Cacao possessed knowledge of 110 medicinal plants that were documented by their botanical origins. The most commonly used plant parts were the whole plant, leaves, flowers, fruits and rhizomes. All households cultivated several of the identified plants in their home gardens. The plants with the highest TRAMIL indices were peppermint, lemon balm, aloe vera, sage and “mastranto” with 60%, 58%, 56%, 52% and 46%, respectively. Those same plants listed above also received the highest ICVs. They were used for their healing attributes, including for colds, fever, spasm, rheumatism,diabetes, obesity, skin problems and various pain types. Most of those plants (e.g. peppermint, lemon balm and sage) were also used as meal condiments for the local families.ConclusionsThis study documented the ethnobotanical knowledge and cultural values given to traditional plants in the studied community, revealing that even that Panama is a country in the midst of its nutritional transition, rural communities still retain a wealth of local knowledge and cultural value attributed to nutritional and medicinal plants.
Understanding Differing Household Consumption of Native and Traditional Crops in Cochabamba, Bolivia
Authors: Keleman Alder , Humphries Debbie , Cadima F. Ximena , Abasto Susan 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundBolivia exhibits the highest rates of child malnutrition in South America, despite being the center of diversity of many highly‐nutritious native and traditional crops (NTCs). This research explored household consumption processes Cochabamba Department, to understand how NTCs contribute to household food security and nutrition.MethodsFive communities were purposively selected to represent four ecotypes (puna, sub‐puna, sub‐tropical, and urban/valles). Three focus‐group discussions were carried out in three communities, and two in the others. Participation targeted female household heads, and utilized participatory methods such as group drawing and mapping of NTC harvesting, processing and preparation.ResultsIn all five communities, participants identified the post‐planting season (Nov‐Dec) as the period of highest food insecurity, while NTCs were most available during the harvest and post‐harvest period (Mar‐Jul). Many NTCs require labor‐intensive preparation processes, and depend on the availability of other resources, including abundant water and cooking fuel. Some NTCs have important commercial value, and present challenges in post‐harvest storage, increasing incentives for market sale. The differing in‐ and out‐migration profiles of individuals and communities also influence their knowledge of and propensity to use NTCs in each place.ConclusionsHousehold NTC consumption is linked to resource availability, post‐harvest storage capacity, market value, and the life histories of food preparers.
Associations between Linear Growth and Language Development in Ghana, Malawi, and Burkina Faso
Authors: Prado E , Abbeddou S , Adu‐Afarwuah S , Arimond M , Ashorn P , Ashorn U , Brown K , Hess S , Lartey A , Maleta K , Ocansey E , Ouedraogo JB , Phuka J , Somé J , Vosti S , Yakes Jimenez E , Dewey K 
Published: June 2021

Stunted growth and brain development are linked, though the strength of the association varies between contexts and few studies have examined moderating factors.Our objectives were 1) to examine the strength of the association between linear growth and language development in the iLiNS Project in Ghana (n=909), Burkina Faso (n=1116), and two cohorts in Malawi (n=1124 and 569) and 2) to examine the relative strength of the association during different periods of development. Participants were randomized to receive various formulations of lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) during pregnancy and infancy or infancy alone, or to control groups. We examined the association between 18‐mo language scores and a) 18‐mo length‐for‐age z‐score (LAZ), b) LAZ at age 6 or 9 mo and c) the change in LAZ between infancy (6 or 9 mo) and 18 mo.The coefficients for the associations of language with concurrent LAZ were significant and similar across cohorts (B=0.10‐0.21), and the coefficients were similar for the periods before and after 6 or 9 mo (B=0.09‐0.30), except when maternal LNS was provided. Maternal LNS eliminated the association between language and 6‐mo LAZ (B=0.00‐0.03), but the association with change in LAZ from 6‐18 mo remained significant whether or not infant LNS was provided (B=0.09‐0.30).Linear growth faltering both before and after 6‐9 mo is linked with poorer language development, but the link for the early interval is attenuated by maternal LNS.Funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Perinatal Choline Supplementation Reduces Amyloidosis and Increases Cholinergic Marker Expression in the Hippocampus of the APPswePS1dE9 Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice
Authors: Mellott Tiffany , Huleatt Olivia , Shade Bethany , Pender Sarah , Liu Yi Bessie , Blusztajn Jan 
Published: June 2021

Prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major goal of biomedical sciences. In previous studies we showed that high intake of the essential nutrient, choline, during gestation prevented age‐related memory decline in a rat model. In this study we investigated the effects of a similar treatment on AD‐related phenotypes in a mouse model of AD. We crossed wild type female mice with hemizygous APPswe.PS1dE9 (APP.PS1) AD model male mice and maintained the pregnant and lactating dams on a control AIN76A diet containing 8 mmol/kg of choline or a choline supplemented (36 mmol/kg) diet. After weaning all offspring consumed the control diet. As compared to APP.PS1 mice reared on the control diet, the hippocampus of the perinatally choline supplemented APP.PS1 mice exhibited: 1) reduced levels of solubilized amyloid Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides; 2) reduced number and total area of amyloid plaques; 3) preserved levels of choline acetyltransferase protein and 4) absence of astrogliosis. The data suggest that dietary supplementation of choline during fetal development and early postnatal life may constitute a preventive strategy for AD.Supported by BUADC pilot grant and NIRG‐10‐17273 from the Alzheimer's Association to TJM
Gut Hormone Levels in Preterm Infants as Predictors of Feeding Intolerance
Authors: Hart K , Kim L , Zaman M , Grimont C , D'Onofrio D , Freedman S , Martin C 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundFeeding intolerance (FI), defined as delayed advancement to full enteral feedings, in the preterm infant leads to growth failure and may play a role in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis, the leading gastrointestinal cause of death in the NICU.Methods: Serum gut hormone (GH) levels in 64 preterm infants born at < 30 weeks gestational age (GA) were measured on day of birth and at postnatal day 7 (Millipore, USA). Univariate linear regression was performed between GH levels and GA and between GH levels and days to full feedings.Results: Mean GA was 28.1 ± 1.3 wks and birthweight 1038.6 ± 276.6 gms. Leptin and gastrointestinal inhibitory peptide (GIP) on the day of birth (p=.04; p=.006) and leptin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) at day 7 (p=.004; p=.01) were positively correlated with GA. Higher PP levels on the day of birth (p=.02) were correlated with FI while lower levels of GIP, polypeptide YY (PYY) and glucagon‐like peptide 2 (GLP‐2) at day 7 (p=.001; p=.0001; p=.03) were associated with FI independent of GA.ConclusionsWhile some gut hormones are markers of gestational maturity, others are independent of GA and thus are potential biomarkers in predicting FI in preterm infants. In the latter, lower levels of GIP, PYY, and GLP‐2 at day 7 may predict impaired neuroendocrine responses and lack of intestinal growth in infants who are at risk of FI. Future multivariate analyses will adjust for the influence of nutritional parameters on GH levels.This study is supported by the AOA Carolyn L. Kuckein Student Research Fellowship, Abbott Nutritionals and Alcresta.
Young Children's Screen Time and Obesity in the U.S. Affiliated Pacific: The Children's Healthy Living Program
Authors: Li Fenfang , Nigg Claudio , McGlone Katalina , Fialkowski Marie , Wilkens Lynne , Paulino Yvette , Belyeu‐Camacho Tayna , Bersamin Andrea , Areta Aufa'i , Novotny Rachel 
Published: June 2021

Screen time is associated with adverse health outcomes among young children, including obesity. The purpose of this study is to describe screen time in young children and relate it to obesity from five U.S. Affiliated Pacific jurisdictions in the Children's Healthy Living Program.In a sample of 3,331 children (2‐8 yo), mean overall screen time was 4.2 hours (h) per day (d) (sd=2.9), 4.1 h/d (sd=3.0) for weekdays, and 4.5 h/d (sd=3.3) for weekends. Mean time spent watching TV was 2.3 h/d (sd=1.4); playing inactive video games, 1.0 h/d (sd=1.2), and playing active video games, 0.9 h/d (sd=1.2). A linear regression model with screen time as the dependent variable found significant differences by child's sex, age, race, BMI status (based on CDC's definition of obesity), and jurisdiction. Mean screen time was higher by 0.43 h in girls than boys (p<.001), by 0.26 h in 6‐8 than 2‐5 year olds (p=0.01), and by 0.24 h in overweight/obese than healthy weight children (p=0.02). Mean screen time was higher among Asians and multiracial children than Whites (p<.001). Alaska had the lowest mean (3.3 h) while Guam the highest (4.9 h).Similar results were found for TV watching and playing active or inactive video games by sex, age, race and jurisdiction. Mean time on active video games was 0.11 h higher in overweight/obese than healthy weight children (p=0.02). Mean TV time was 0.1 h higher in overweight/obese than healthy weight children (p=0.06).Compared to healthy weight children, overweight/obese children had more screen time, and in particular, for playing active video games and TV viewing. Such findings have important intervention implications.
Health Disaster in Least Developed Countries because of Low Nutrition and Affordability
Authors: Rizwan Dr Attiya 
Published: June 2021

Least developed countries in general and Pakistan in particular has a massive population of almost 20 millions. For the last ten years plus it's largely affected by the activities of extremists and shift of inhabitants from affected areas. Moreover 70 present population is serving with low nutrition diet. This segment of the population has high child birth rate minimum 4‐5 children per family. Low nutrition value not only affected the mother but also the born children. The one having wealth have 1‐2 childern and have healthy nutrition. Because of economic policies, country health care implementation plan there are likely chances that country will lead to massive health disaster side because of low nation diet getting by major sector of the population. Currant rate of population increase vis‐a vis‐a nutrition and health care support available to them is not comparable to developed countries.Aim of this work is to present a complete program level Nutrion Improvement methodology and implementation plan in order to save the mother and child suffering from low NETRUTION and save this country from Health Disaster. This will not only support deprived segments of the country but also help them to engage in productive work so that they can support themself economically and participate in improving family diet.