bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The problem of hydraulic calculation of pressure distribution pipelines
Authors: Cherniuk Volodymyr , Hnativ Roman , Kravchuk Oleksandr , Orel Vadym , Bihun Iryna , Cherniuk Matvii 
Published: December 2021

Most production technologies require a uniform flow path of liquid from pressure distribution pipelines. To achieve this goal, it is proposed to introduce polymer additives into the liquid flow or to use converging distribution pipelines with a continuous longitudinal slot in the wall. To reduce the uneven operation of the distribution pipeline during discrete liquid dispensing, it is proposed to use cylindrical output rotary nozzles with a lateral orthogonal entry of the jet into the nozzle. The problem is the lack of methods for accurate hydraulic calculation of the operation of distribution pipelines. Adequate calculation methods are based on differential equations.
Finding the exact solution of the differential equation of fluid motion with variable path flow rate for perforated distribution pipelines is urgent, because it still does not exist. The available calculation methods take into account only the right angles of separation of the jets from the flow in the distribution pipeline. These methods are based on the assumption that the coefficient of hydraulic friction and the coefficient of resistance of the outlets are constant along the flow. A calculation method is proposed that takes into account the change in the values of these resistance coefficients along the distribution pipeline. The kinematic and physical characteristics of the flow outside the distribution pipeline are also taken into account. The accuracy of calculating the value of the flow rate of water distributed from the distribution pipeline has been experimentally verified. The error in calculating the water consumption by the method assuming that the values of the resistance coefficients are unchanged along the distribution pipeline reaches 18.75 %. According to the proposed calculation method, this error does not exceed 6.25 %. However, both methods are suitable for the design of pressure distribution pipelines, provided that the jet separation angles are straight.
Taking into account the change from 90° to 360° of the angle of separation of the jets from the flow in the distribution pipeline will expand the scope and accuracy of calculation methods.
Comparative assessment of the effect of the degree of grinding of vegetables (carrots) on the yield of juices and puree
Authors: Aliyev Shakir , Khalilov Musfiq , Saidov Rasim , Mammadov Gabil , Allahverdiyeva Gahira 
Published: December 2021

Some vegetables and fruits are indispensable for the production of a wide range of food, juice and confectionery products, because of their chemical composition and biochemical properties. One of the factors hindering their widespread use in the food industry is the insufficient study of their functional and probiotic properties in the mentioned technological areas. The mechanical properties (approximated dependence, standard deviation, and limit stresses) of the carrot varieties Nantes-5 NABA and Chantenay-2461 intended for juice production have been studied. The enzymatic hydrolysis parameters have been determined based on the parameters of the optimal effect of enzyme preparations. As a result of experimental studies, by determining the extreme loads of squeezing and crushing carrots, the power consumption for grinding carrots was determined.
The structure of the carrot pulp was revealed. The highest juice out yield put was observed in the Nantes-5 NABA variety. To increase the juice yield from the pulp, maceration was applied and parameters of enzymatic hydrolysis were determined. Complex two-stage mechanical grinding allowed the production of juice with high organoleptic properties. Antioxidant activity was determined before and after the maceration of carrots. The mode and parameters of the juice production technology were corrected during the research.
Ready-made pulpy juice samples were tasted and evaluated. The safety of carrot puree during storage has been verified by analytical research data.
NO –TILLAGE SYSTEM USE FOR THE CROSS – BREED VINEYARD
Authors: Sarpe Nicolae 
Published: December 2021

Worldwide, the no-tillage system is used for the corn, soy, wheat, barley etc. on a surface that exceeded in 2006 over 162 million – the record being held by the United States of America. On the second place, there is Brazil, followed by Argentina.
Many authors, especially from France, studied the no-tillage system for vineyard and they obtained results similar to those obtained when using the classical technology as regards the grapes yield . As a consequence, the biggest vine surfaces with no-tillage system are in France.
In our country, the no-tillage system for the noble was less studies – such experiments vineyard being carried out in the Stefanesti Site – Arges, Bistrita Site and the Institute in Fundulea.
The first results obtained for the cross-breed vine are described in the report.
RESEARCHES REGARDING SELECTIVENESS AND EFFICACY OF THE ROUNDUP READY HERBICIDE APPLIED TO THE DEKALB-493 CORN PR CROSS-BREED MODIFIED BASED ON THE GENETIC ENGINEERING
Authors: Sarpe Iulian , Bodescu Floarea , Sarpe N. 
Published: December 2021

Creating the corn, soybean, sugar beet, rape breed that resist the glyphosat represents a real SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION of the 20th century. Many authors as Weels, Rasche, Timmerman say the genetically modified plants represent no risk for the environment and for the human and animal health.
In 2006, around 2 million ha were cultivated with genetically modified plants and no mortal case was found because of the genetically modified corn or soybean use.
The European Union does not agree that genetically modified corn or soybean should be cultivated, but it imports genetically modified soy or corn grouts from the USA to breed the animals. It is an inexplicable paradox.
The results of the experiments with Dekalb 493 PR hybrid are presented in the report and they are concerned with the selectiveness, efficacy and production of bobs. Also, the report mentions the timing and the optimum proportion for the Round up Ready herbicide to be used for the fighting of the annual and perennial weed, including Sorghum halepense.
RESEARCHES REGARDING THE ISOLATION, PURIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF SINIGRIN GLUCOSINOLATE FROM BRASSICA NIGRA AND ARMORACIA RUSTICANA
Authors: Stoin D , Radu F. , Dogaru D. 
Published: December 2021

The objectives of research activities aimed natural substances with antibiotic activity, come from spontaneous flora (horseradish and black mustard), which used in the shape of standardized extracts as food additives, to replace in a near future, the compounds obtained through chemical synthesis. Such compound is glugosinolate sinigrin, an exceptional source of enzymatic inductors with active microbiologic role.
In various temperature conditions (65-100°C),various solvents extraction (distillated water, methanol, ethanol, mixture: ethanol:water (1:1), methanol:water (1:1), purification by ionic exchange chromathography (DEAE Sephadex A-50), extraction time: 3-4 hours, a sinigrin purity of 98.01-99.11% and an efficiency of 82.85-83.62%, respectively has been obtained.
THE BIOLOGICAL CYCLE OF THE PLUM MEALY APHID (Hyalopterus pruni Geoffr.) ON THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FROM S.D. BANU MĂRĂCINE, CRAIOVA
Authors: Ţucă O. , Mitrea I , Stan C. 
Published: December 2021

The plum mealy aphid Hyalopterus pruni Geoffr. is one of the main pest of the plum orchard at the S. D. Banu Maracine. An important link for controling this pest is the knowledge of the biological cycle, in order to establish the best moment for the treatments.
The plum mealy aphid is an migratory species, with an holocyclic, dioecious development. This species produce damages in the plum orchard from Europe, Asia and northern Africa. The main host plant is the plum tree or other species belonging to the Prunus genra and as secondary host the plum mealy aphid prefere different graminaceae species as: Phragmites, Calamagrostis, Agrostis, etc.
The research regarding the biology and ecology of the plum mealy aphid has been made at the Didactical Station Banu Maracine, Craiova, in a plum orchard, Stanley variety.
During the 3 years of research the period for layings eggs has oscilated between 23 days in 2004 and 31days in 2002.The development of the fundatrix, has been framed between 24 days in 2004 and 29 days in 2003. In 2002 the development of the fundatrix has been completed after 26 days.
During the climatic conditions of 2002-2004, there has been developed 4 generations of wingless aphid (2002 and 2004), respectively 5 generations in 2003. These 4, 5 generations have phased from the second or third decade of April untill the second half of July.
From our observations regarding the development on the secondary host plants, it come out that the first generation has completed it development, function the climatic conditions, in 7 to 11 days. There has been phased 8-9 generations of winged and wingless form, untill September and even October. The last generation has ensured the appearance of the sexuparae form, which has migrated in the plum orchard and give birth to the sexuale forms.
The laying of hibernating eggs, begun in October, phasing to the first decade of November.
THE LINK BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND THE OIL CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTED SOIL
Authors: Sabău N. C. 
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the results of researches regarding oil polluted soils, that took place at the Agricultural Research and Development Station in Oradea, from 1993 to 2002.
The experimental device was made out of 1 m² micro parcels, spread out in a random order in a Latin square; these parcels were polluted under control with petroleum from Suplacu de Barcău, Bihor County, with the following concentrations: 0, 1, 3, 5 and 10 % petroleum on the ploughed layer, with 4 repetitions.
The experience was set out on a luvosoil and the soil was cultivated with millet, a plant which is considered to be tolerant to soil pollution, in the first 3 years, and with spring wheat in the last 7 years of research.
The results of the research have shown that the yield losses are proportional with the petroleum concentration, and had a descending evolution. For instance, in the case of the 1% pollution, losses are insignificant after 7 years of crops.
RESEARCH REGARDING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF "POPULATIA DE CLUJ " OF MELISSA OFFICINALIS L. CULTIVATED AT CLUJ-NAPOCA
Authors: Duda M. M. , Socaciu Carmen , Vârban D. I. , Marian O. , Preda Dumitriţa 
Published: December 2021

In this paper there are presented several results regarding the chemical composition of the prime vegetal matter at "Populaţia de Cluj" of Melissa officinalis cultivated in Cluj-Napoca. The culture from which the samples were taken for analyze is ecological. There were achieved 3 extracts: 1. prime dry vegetal matter 10% in ethylic alcohol 35%; 2. prime dry vegetal matter 10% in propilenglicol: water 1:1 and 3. prime dry vegetal matter 10% in tap water with boiling for 10 minutes. Compared with watered extracts and (3) and alcoholic (1), propilengliceric extract (2) allows the obtained of a more concentrated bioactive compound from phenolic acids class, in flavonoids and chlorophylls.
The identification of phytoactive compounds was made with the help of spectrophotometer method UV-VIS, the specific maximum being marked.
STUDY REGARDING THE CARBONATICAL SOILS FROM THE TRANSYLVANIAN DEPRESSION FORMED ON THE EOCINICAL DEPOSITS OF NUMULITS
Authors: Pacurar I. , Bunescu V. , Darja M. , Clapa Doina , Holonec L. , Oprea V. 
Published: December 2021

The Căpuşului hills are in the Transilvanian depression a trully ”geologycal eocenic golf” with a rich fossilifeuros fauna (Gryphaea eszerházy, G. gigantica, Turrietella imbricataria, Corbula gallica, Cepatia cepacea, Rotularia spirulaea) and also nummulitus species.
The pedogenetic cover is constituted by sedimental deposits (clays, marls, limestones, gritsones). Also the pedogentic cover is represented by preluvisoils, luvisoils, eutricambisoils, clay cernozems.
The relief characteristics are the Nummulites perforatus, N. fabianii and N. striatus who are the basically substrates from the acrobatically soils.
The Transylvanian Depression is considered to be a true "geological eocenical gulf", is remarked through the conservation of a highly rich fossil fauna.
Under the geological aspect, on a crystalline base is revealed the whole series of eocenical formations (striped clays, clays and limestone with "numuliti"), oligocenical (carbonatical clays, sands, sand stones and quaternary deposits) (Posea, 1978; Pop, 2001). These sedimentary deposits lay down from the half of the inferior Miocen and finished during the Panonian's end have constituted the parenthal material for the actual pedogenetical cover.
A special characteristic of the landscape (with heights of 600-800m), from the outskirts of the Depression (the Huedin Depression, the Paniceni High hills, the Capus and Savadisla Corridor) is the fact that at the surface coating begin to appear "numulits" (Nummulites perforatus, N. fabianii, N. striatus), close to the localities Capusul mic, Leghia, Savadisla, Aghires, Manastireni, Cluj-Calvaria, Vlaha), deposits on which carbonatical soils are formed.
If we view this are from the climate's point of view this area belongs to the Dfbk (Koppen) climatical province. The climate is a temperate continental of high hills, with forest. At Cluj-Napoca the average annual precipitations reach 613mm, the average annual temperature has a value of 8.3 degrees C, and the aridity indicator "De Martonne" has the value of 33.7.
According to the climate conditions the studied area belongs to the level of oak (Quercus petraea) and the area of mezofilical oaks. (Quercus robur) Generally the areas of forest are mixed with those of pasture or agricultural crops.
Because of the diversity of the ecological conditions the soil cover is extremely different, being constitueted of preluvosoils, luvosoils, eutricambosoils, cernosioms, carbonatical soils. (Blaga 1981, Bunescu &co 2005).
STUDY REGARDING THE SITUATION OF THE TERRAINS AFECTED BY DIFFERENT FORMS OF EROSION IN THE TRANSYLVANIAN HILLOCK AREA
Authors: Pacurar I. , Darja M. , Clapa Doina , Taut I. , Covrig I. , Oprea V. , Buta M. 
Published: December 2021

The Transylvanian hillock area includes the Transylvanian Depression, as a major unit formed from the Transylvanian Plateau, as a central unit and the hills from the basis of the mountains, (Somesene, Feleacului, Bistritei, Nasaudului, Suplacului Hills, and the Somesean, Tarnave and Purcaret, Plateaus as slide units (1,2). From the administrative point of view this area belongs to the counties Cluj, Salaj, Maramures, Alba, Mures and Bistrita-Nasaud.
Taking into consideration the predominate hillock character of the relief the cambisoils are dominant (24.49%), especially districambosoils, luvosoils, (23.43%), represented through preluvosoils, luvosoils and aluvosoils especially in the Muresului and Somesului watersides.
A large number of areas are occupied by regosoils, gleisoils and stagnosoils.
The main restrictions which affect the quality of the soils in this area are: erosion through different ways of manifestation (of surface, of depth, sliding), the exceeding of water (gleisation) or water from precipitation (stagnogleisation).
From the altitude’s point of view 400-600m, with winded plateaus and peaks, affected by different slope processes, and wet cold valleys, affected by processes of gleisation and stagnogleisation.
NATURAL COMPOUNDS WITH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: Gorghiu Laura Monica , Dumitrescu Crinela , Olteanu R. L. , Jipa S. 
Published: December 2021

It is well known that the security of food costumers is assured not only by looking up to the standards and technological conditions of preparation but also by using of packages with high durability, stabilized with antioxidants biologic accepted. Due to this reason, in the last decades, the preparation technologies of food products were oriented to obtain more natural products. At the same time, the production of the food packages was oriented to achieve more ecological packages with a higher durability by using of different natural compounds with antioxidant capacity like additives.
The paper presents a study on the antioxidant effect of different natural compounds (vitamins, flavonoids) in the thermal oxidation process of polymeric materials. The obtained results prove that vitamins C and E could be an ecological alternative for the stabilization of polymers used like packages in food production. At the same time, the vegetal polyphenols (flavonoids) could be also used as stabilizers of polymers used in the manufacturing of the food packages.
RESEARCH REGARDING THE INTEGRATE MANAGEMENT OF THE VINE MOTH (Lobesia botrana Den et Schiff.) AT THE DEALURILE CRAIOVEI VINEYARD
Authors: Mitrea I. , Stan C. , Tuca O. 
Published: December 2021

The vine moth Lobesia botrana Den et Schifff. Is one of the main pest of the Dealurile Craiovei vineyard, the damages produced by this pest can reach 25-30%.
The integrate management of the vine moth is an alternative to the excessive chemification in order to control the viticultural ecosystem during the past years, this paper frame within this curent.
During 2004-2006, the climatic conditions has been favourable for the develop of the Lobesia botrana species, in 2004 there has been recorded 4 maximum flights coresponding to 3 complete generations and the fourth one incomplete, in 2005 and 2006 there has been recorded 3 maximum flights coresponding for same number of generations.
The attack medium frequency, of the vine moth, recorded in 2004 has been of 20,66%, 19,0% in 2005, and of 17,83% in 2006. The attack medium frequency during 2004-2006 has been of 19,2% .
The efficiency of the control treatments has been ranged between 94,6% and 89,4%. The highest efficiency of 94,6% has been recorded at the V2 variant, there has been used only chemical products, followed by the V3 variant (91,4%) there has been used chemical products for controling the first 2 generations I and II of the vine moth and an biological product for the third generation III, and the fourth variant V4 (89,7%) there has been used the pyretroid product Bulldock 025 EC for controling the first generation, and the biological product Foray 48B (Biobit XL) for controling the second generation II and 8 pheromonals traps (atraBOT/ha) for controling the third generation III. For the fifth variant V5 there has been used the product Calypso 480 SC, an metamorphosis inhibitor for the arthropods, for controling the first generation and then the biological product Dipel 2xWP for the second generation II and 8 pheromonals traps (atraBOT/ha) for the third generation, at this variant there has been recorded the lowest efficiencyt 89,4%.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS CONCERNING THE PRESERVATION OF GENETICAL DIVERSITY OF DIFFERENT VEGETABLE VARIETIES AT USAMV CLUJ-NAPOCA
Authors: Maxim A. , Sima Rodica , Fiţiu A. , Şandor M. , Papp Ruxandra , Lucian Cristina , Hapca A. 
Published: December 2021

The biodiversity conservation was included in environment problems at the ONU conference for environment and development, from Rio de Janeiro (1992). Important parts of the conservation are traditional varieties and local populations of crop plants. The UE regulation 98/95 comes to protect the vegetal genetic resources.
Unlike the other countries with advanced agriculture, Romania still has a rich genetic diversity of culture plants, especially in the zones that were non-cooperativized during the communism. However, if there will not be any proper measures of their conservation, these populations and varieties are in danger of extinction.
Our objectives presume finding the small seed producers, collecting carrot, parsley and lettuce seeds, building experimental zones for the characterization of varieties and local populations as well as the conservation of their seeds at the Gene Bank Suceava and gene microbank from USAMV Cluj-Napoca, which is in the stage of project.
In 2007 spring, 188 traditional varieties and local populations of carrot, parsley and lettuce seeds, from 69 producers within 15 counties of our country, especially from Transylvania were collected. The seeds were mainly from the agro alimentary markets collected. A questionnaire for every seed producer was filled in order to obtain information regarding: the tradition in the seed production, technology of culture, seeds sale, sex and age of the producers etc. Every variety has a unique code, after the proposal of FAO/IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute), valid for all vegetal varieties.
The obtained data confirm that vegetable genetic diversity, in the studied area, is big but the risk of extinction is high. The most important cause are the advanced age of traditional seed producers (about 70% of them are over 60 years old) and the recession of vegetable cultivated zones.
In 2007 year, an agrobiologic characterization on carrot, parsley and lettuce was done and lettuce seed was obtained. The experiments will continue in 2008.
EMISSIONS OF NH3, CH4 AND N2O DURING STORAGE AND AFTER APPLICATION OF UNTREATED AND ANAEROBICALLY DIGESTED SLURRY
Authors: Moitzi G. , Amon B. , Amon T. , Kryvoruchko V. , Wagner-Alt C. , Hackl E. , Zechmeister-Boltenstern S. , Boxberger J. 
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the investigations results of the effect of anaerobic digestion on emissions of NH3, N2O and CH4 during storage and after application of slurry. Dairy cattle and pig slurry was stored in concrete tanks (12 m3) over a period of 100 days. Gaseous emissions were collected continuously by a large open dynamic chamber. Gas concentrations (NH3, N2O and CH4) were analysed by high resolution FTIR-spectrometry. After storage, the slurries were surface applied on permanent grassland. NH3 emissions were followed for two days by a large open-dynamic-chamber. N2O and CH4 emissions were quantified with closed chambers until day 20 after application. 65 – 95 % of net total NH3 emissions were lost after slurry application. NH3 abatement will therefore be effective, if low emission application techniques are used. This is especially important when anaerobically digested slurry is applied. More than 90 % of net total CH4 emissions from untreated slurry were lost during slurry storage. Anaerobically digested slurry still emitted methane during storage. These emissions can be totally avoided if the secondary fermentation tank and the slurry store are connected with the gas bearing system of the biogas plant. Then, CH4 produced in these tanks is collected and used as renewable energy source.
In conclusion it can be assumed that biogas plants will play a major role in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as they generate renewable energy and reduce CH4 emissions during manure storage. Furthermore, anaerobic digestion improves the fertiliser value of animal manures.