bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in a human-modified landscape: population, activity budget, and societal perceptions in Bangladesh
Authors: Neha Sufia Akter , Ul Hasan Mohammad Ashraf , Baki Mohammad Abdul , Sehrin Subrina 
Published: August 2021

Rhesus Macaques are widely distributed and ecologically diverse primate species that attract special focus from the research and conservation approaches. We studied population, activity budget, and societal perceptions of Rhesus Macaque at Old Dhaka City, Bangladesh from March 2015 to February 2016. Total count was used to determine the group size and composition. Daily activity budgets of Rhesus Macaques were studied using scan sampling method. Questionnaire survey was conducted to know the attitudes of local people towards monkey conservation in the area. Seven groups with a total of 169 individuals were recorded. The population density was 15.5 individuals/ km² and group size ranged from 8 to 63 individuals. Rhesus Macaque spent most of their time in resting (38.5%) followed by feeding (25.7%), moving (18.4%), grooming (12.8%), and playing or object manipulation (4.6%). There was a significant variation in each behavioral activity among the age-sex classes. Questionnaire survey revealed that property damage was the main problem created by the monkeys. A significant majority of people (83.4%) held a positive outlook toward conservation of this species. Variables such as religion, education, and occupation of the respondents significantly influenced their opinion about conservation. These findings have implications for not only conservation and management interventions of Rhesus Macaque but also helpful for minimizing human-monkey interactions in urban areas.
Adaptable (Not Adaptive) Automation: Forefront of Human–Automation Teaming
Authors: Calhoun Gloria 
Published: August 2021

Objective Identify a critical research gap for the human factors community that has implications for successful human–automation teaming. Background There are a variety of approaches for applying automation in systems. Flexible application of automation such that its level and/or type changes during system operations has been shown to enhance human–automation system performance. Method This mini-review describes flexible automation in which the level of automated support varies across tasks during system operation, rather than remaining fixed. Two types distinguish the locus of authority to change automation level: adaptable automation (the human operator assigns how automation is applied) has been found to aid human’s situation awareness and provide more perceived control versus adaptive automation (the system assigns automation level) that may impose less workload and attentional demands by automatically adjusting levels in response to changes in one or more states of the human, task, environment, and so on. Results In contrast to vast investments in adaptive automation approaches, limited research has been devoted to adaptable automation. Experiments directly comparing adaptable and adaptive automation are particularly scant. These few studies show that adaptable automation was not only preferred over adaptive automation, but it also resulted in improved task performance and, notably, less perceived workload. Conclusion Systematic research examining adaptable automation is overdue, including hybrid approaches with adaptive automation. Specific recommendations for further research are provided. Application Adaptable automation together with effective human-factored interface designs to establish working agreements are key to enabling human–automation teaming in future complex systems.
Increased MRI Signal Intensity of Allografts in the Midterm Period After Meniscal Allograft Transplant: An Evaluation of Clinical Significance According to Location and Morphology
Authors: Park Jun-Gu , Bin Seong-Il , Kim Jong-Min , Lee Bum-Sik , Lee Sang-Min , Song Ju-Ho 
Published: August 2021

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an effective tool for objective evaluation after meniscal allograft transplant (MAT). Little is known about the association between MRI features of allograft and clinical outcomes. Purpose/Hypothesis: To assess the degree and location of signal intensity (SI) as well as the morphology of allografts on MRI after MAT and evaluate the association between clinical outcomes and MRI features in the midterm period. It was hypothesized that a high SI accompanied by a deformed allograft in specific locations on MRI would be associated with inferior clinical outcomes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Included were patients who underwent MAT with fresh-frozen allografts and had >3 years of follow-up with 3.0-T MRI scans. Allograft status was assessed by SI on MRI as grade 0 (normal), grade 1 (globular increased SI not adjacent to the articular surface), grade 2 (linear SI within the meniscus), or grade 3 (increased SI extended to the articular surface). Allograft morphology was assessed by the presence of distorted contours. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Lysholm score. The association between clinical outcomes and MRI findings was assessed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results: A total of 138 patients (156 MAT procedures: 132 lateral, 24 medial) with a mean follow-up period of 55.4 ± 19.9 months (range, 36-110 months) were enrolled in this study. Grade 3 SI was observed in the posterior meniscus root and posterior third of the allograft in 39 (25%) and 62 (39.7%) MATs, respectively. Among the 62 MATs with grade 3 SI in the posterior third of the allograft, 34 (54.8%) were accompanied by distorted allograft contour. The presence of grade 3 SI with distorted contour in the posterior third of the allograft was significantly associated with inferior outcomes (β = –6.5 [95% CI, –12.5 to –0.5]; P < .035), as was the presence of grade 3 SI in the posterior meniscus root (β = –5.5 [95% CI, –10.5 to –0.4]; P < .034). Conclusion: On MRI evaluation in the midterm period after MAT, grade 3 SIs of the meniscal allograft were observed in about a third of the cases, and the association with clinical outcomes was dependent on the specific location and morphology of the allograft on MRI.
High fibrinogen γ′ levels in patient plasma increase clot formation at arterial and venous shear
Authors: Macrae Fraser L. , Swieringa Frauke , Heemskerk Johan W. M. , Ariëns Robert A. S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fibrinogen γ' accounts for 3% to 40% of plasma fibrinogen. Earlier studies indicated that fibrinogen γ' forms altered fibrin clots under static conditions, whereas clinically, altered plasma γ' levels are associated with arterial and venous thrombosis. However, the effects of static vs flow conditions on the role of γ′ throughout the pathophysiological range is unknown. This study explores the effects of γ' levels on clot formation and structure in static and flow conditions. Coagulation of plasma samples with low (n = 41; 3%), normal (n = 45; 10%), or high (n = 33; 30%) γ′ levels were compared with that of purified fibrinogen mixtures with increasing ratios of γ′ (3%, 10%, 30%). Clots were analyzed by confocal microscopy, permeation, turbidity, and lysis techniques. In a novel 2-step flow-perfusion model, fibrinogen-deficient plasma repleted with increasing ratios of γ′ (3%, 10%, 30%) or plasmas with low (n = 5, 3%) or high (n = 5, 30%) γ′ were flowed over preformed platelet aggregates at arterial (500 s−1) and venous (150 s−1) shear rates. Increasing γ′ percentages within the pathophysiological range (3%-30%) did not result in any change in clot-formation rates; however, it led to significantly higher clot density, thinner fibers, and slower lysis in static conditions. Under flow at arterial shear, high γ′ (30%) led to faster (+44.1%-75.3%) and increased (+104%-123%) fibrin deposition, with clots exhibiting a larger volume (+253%-655%) and height (+130%-146%). These trends were magnified at venous shear. Overall, our findings demonstrate the significant impact of pathophysiological fibrinogen γ′ levels on clot structure and provide new flow-dependent mechanisms to explain how γ′ increases thrombosis risk.
Early high antibody titre convalescent plasma for hospitalised COVID-19 patients: DAWn-plasma
Authors: Devos Timothy , Van Thillo Quentin , Compernolle Veerle , Najdovski Tomé , Romano Marta , Dauby Nicolas , Jadot Laurent , Leys Mathias , Maillart Evelyne , Loof Sarah , Seyler Lucie , Moonen Martial , Moutschen Michel , Van Regenmortel Niels , Ariën Kevin K. , Barbezange Cyril , Betrains Albrecht , Garigliany Mutien , Engelen Matthias M. , Gyselinck Iwein , Maes Piet , Schauwvlieghe Alexander , Liesenborghs Laurens , Belmans Ann , Verhamme Peter , Meyfroidt Geert 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundSeveral randomised clinical trials have studied convalescent plasma for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using different protocols, with different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralising antibody titres, at different time-points and severities of illness.MethodsIn the prospective multicentre DAWn-plasma trial, adult patients hospitalised with COVID-19 were randomised to 4 units of open-label convalescent plasma combined with standard of care (intervention group) or standard of care alone (control group). Plasma from donors with neutralising antibody titres (50% neutralisation titre (NT50)) ≥1/320 was the product of choice for the study.ResultsBetween 2 May 2020 and 26 January 2021, 320 patients were randomised to convalescent plasma and 163 patients to the control group according to a 2:1 allocation scheme. A median (interquartile range) volume of 884 (806–906) mL) convalescent plasma was administered and 80.68% of the units came from donors with neutralising antibody titres (NT50) ≥1/320. Median time from onset of symptoms to randomisation was 7 days. The proportion of patients alive and free of mechanical ventilation on day 15 was not different between both groups (convalescent plasma 83.74% (n=267)versuscontrol 84.05% (n=137)) (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.59–1.66; p=0.9772). The intervention did not change the natural course of antibody titres. The number of serious or severe adverse events was similar in both study arms and transfusion-related side-effects were reported in 19 out of 320 patients in the intervention group (5.94%).ConclusionsTransfusion of 4 units of convalescent plasma with high neutralising antibody titres early in hospitalised COVID-19 patients did not result in a significant improvement of clinical status or reduced mortality.
Implementation of a zero fluoroscopic workflow using a simplified intracardiac echocardiography guided method for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation, including repeat procedures
Authors: Tahin Tamas , Riba Adam , Nemeth Barnabas , Arvai Ferenc , Lupkovics Geza , Szeplaki Gabor , Geller Laszlo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone of the interventional treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Traditionally, during these procedures the catheters are guided by fluoroscopy, which poses a risk to the patient and staff by ionizing radiation. Our aim was to describe our experience in the implementation of an intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) guided zero fluoroscopic (ZF) ablation approach to our routine clinical practice.

Methods
We developed a simplified ICE guided technique to perform ablation procedures for AF, with the aid of a 3D electroanatomical mapping system. The workflow was implemented in two phases: (1) the Introductory phase, where the first 16 ZF PVIs were compared with 16 cases performed with fluoroscopy and (2) the Extension phase, where 71 consecutive patients (including repeat procedures) with ZF approach were included. Standard PVI (and redoPVI) procedures were performed, data on feasibility of the ZF approach, complications, acute and 1-year success rates were collected.

Results
In the Introductory phase, 94% of the procedures could be performed with complete ZF with a median procedure time of 77.5 (73.5–83) minutes. In one case fluoroscopy was used to guide the ICE catheter to the atrium. There was no difference in the complication, acute and 1-year success rates, compared with fluoroscopy guided procedures. In the Extension phase, 97% of the procedures could be completed with complete ZF. In one case fluoroscopy was used to guide the transseptal puncture and in another to position the ICE catheter. Acute success of PVI was achieved in all cases, 64.4% patients were arrhythmia free at 1-year. Acute major complications were observed in 4 cases, all of these occurred in the redo PVI group and consisted of 2 tamponades, 1 transient ischemic attack and 1 pseudoaneurysm at the puncture site. The procedures were carried out by all members of the electrophysiology unit in the Extension phase, including less experienced operators and electrophysiology fellows (3 physicians) under the supervision of the senior electrophysiologist. Consequently, procedure times became longer [90 (75–105) vs 77.5 (73.5–85) min, p = 0.014].

Conclusions
According to our results, a ZF workflow of AF ablations can be successfully implemented into the routine practice of an electrophysiology laboratory, without compromising safety and effectivity.
Reablement in a small municipality, a survival analysis
Authors: Anthun Kjartan Sarheim , Lillefjell Monica , Anthun Kirsti Sarheim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Reablement is a municipal service given to patients at home. The purpose of the service is to assist recovery after hospital discharges or other sudden changes in a patient’s functional level. The service is often provided by a team of nurses, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists. The purpose of this paper is to compare users of this service to users who receive traditional home care services. Outcomes to be measured are risk of long-term care and mortality.

Methods
All users of health and care services in a Norwegian municipality were eligible for inclusion. Data was extracted from the local user administrative database. Users were divided in two groups: those who received reablement and those home care users who did not receive reablement service. Propensity score matching was used to match users based on age, sex, and level of functioning in activities of daily living (ADL). Survival analysis was deployed to test if the reablement users had different risk of becoming long-term care users, and whether the mortality rate differed for this group.

Results
153 reablement users were included in the study. These were matched to 153 non-reablement home care users. The groups had similar distributions of age, sex, and level of functioning when starting their service trajectories. Regressions showed that reablement users had lower risk of using long-term care services in the study period (time at risk up to 4 years), and lower mortality. However, none of these estimates were statistically significant.

Conclusions
The study indicates that the reablement users in one municipality had lower use of long -term care and lower mortality when properly estimated, but numbers were too small for statistical significance to be found.
Relationship between the presence of dedicated doctors in rapid response systems and patient outcome: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Hyung-Jun , Jeon Kyeongman , Kang Byung Ju , Ahn Jong-Joon , Hong Sang-Bum , Lee Dong-Hyun , Moon Jae Young , Kim Jung Soo , Park Jisoo , Cho Jae Hwa , Lee Sang-Min , Lee Yeon Joo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Rapid response systems (RRSs) improve patients’ safety, but the role of dedicated doctors within these systems remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate patient survival rates and differences in types of interventions performed depending on the presence of dedicated doctors in the RRS.

Methods
Patients managed by the RRSs of 9 centers in South Korea from January 1, 2016, through December 31, 2017, were included retrospectively. We used propensity score-matched analysis to balance patients according to the presence of dedicated doctors in the RRS. The primary outcome was in-hospital survival. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of interventions performed. A sensitivity analysis was performed with the subgroup of patients diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock.

Results
After propensity score matching, 2981 patients were included per group according to the presence of dedicated doctors in the RRS. The presence of the dedicated doctors was not associated with patients’ overall likelihood of survival (hazard ratio for death 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93‒1.20). Interventions, such as arterial line insertion (odds ratio [OR] 25.33, 95% CI 15.12‒42.44) and kidney replacement therapy (OR 10.77, 95% CI 6.10‒19.01), were more commonly performed for patients detected using RRS with dedicated doctors. The presence of dedicated doctors in the RRS was associated with better survival of patients with sepsis or septic shock (hazard ratio for death 0.62, 95% CI 0.39‒0.98) and lower intensive care unit admission rates (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.37‒0.75).

Conclusions
The presence of dedicated doctors within the RRS was not associated with better survival in the overall population but with better survival and lower intensive care unit admission rates for patients with sepsis or septic shock.
Reliability and validity of manual palpation for the assessment of patients with low back pain: a systematic and critical review
Authors: Nolet Paul S. , Yu Hainan , Côté Pierre , Meyer Anne-Laure , Kristman Vicki L. , Sutton Deborah , Murnaghan Kent , Lemeunier Nadège 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Static or motion manual palpation of the low back is commonly used to assess pain location and reproduction in low back pain (LBP) patients. The purpose of this study is to review the reliability and validity of manual palpation used for the assessment of LBP in adults.

Method
We systematically searched five databases from 2000 to 2019. We critically appraised internal validity of studies using QAREL and QUADAS-2 instruments. We stratified results using best-evidence synthesis. Validity studies were classified according to Sackett and Haynes.

Results
We identified 2023 eligible articles, of which 14 were low risk of bias. Evidence suggests that reliability of soft tissue structures palpation is inconsistent, and reliability of bony structures and joint mobility palpation is poor. We found preliminary evidence that gluteal muscle palpation for tenderness may be valid in differentiating LBP patients with and without radiculopathy.

Conclusion
Reliability of manual palpation tests in the assessment of LBP patients varies greatly. This is problematic because these tests are commonly used by manual therapists and clinicians. Little is known about the validity of these tests; therefore, their clinical utility is uncertain. High quality validity studies are needed to inform the clinical use of manual palpation tests.
Animal source food eating habits of outpatients with antimicrobial resistance in Bukavu, D.R. Congo
Authors: Ngaruka Ghislain Bilamirwa , Neema Brigitte Bora , Mitima Theophile Kashosi , Kishabongo Antoine Sadiki , Kashongwe Olivier Basole 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotic resistance is a public health concern in Democratic Republic Congo and worldwide. It is usually caused by antibiotic over prescription or dispensing practices. The consumption of animal source food (ASF) could be another source of antibiotic resistance but is rarely studied. The objective of the study was to evaluate the eating habits of ASF by outpatients with antimicrobial resistance through an analysis of (i) the association of their antimicrobial resistance with ASF consumption; (ii) the influence of the types of ASF on their antimicrobial resistance.MethodsThis is a retrospective analytical study conducted at three major Hospitals in Bukavu City (D. R. Congo). A total number of 210 patients, whose samples (mainly faeces and urine) had been subjected to bacterial examination, was included in this study. Morphological, biochemical and antibiotic susceptibility (using disc diffusion method) tests were performed on the samples. This served to isolate and identify resistant bacteria. Afterwards, patients responded to questions about the types and quantity of ASF eaten in the last week. We analysed data using descriptive statistics, logistic regression and non-parametric ranking tests.ResultsEscherichia coli(37.1%),Klebsiella pneumonae(14.7%), andStaphylococcus aureus(13.8%) were the most prevalent bacteria.E. coli(68.4%) andK. pneumonae(87.5%) were multidrug resistant (MDR), whileS. aureus(7.7%) was minor. Low beef (O.R. 0.737, C.I. 0.542–1.002) and pork (O.R. 0.743, C.I. 0.560 – 0.985) consumption led to significantly (p < 0.05) lower risks of resistance to ciprofloxacin. Patients eating three different ASF per week had the highest resistance score (20.67) and high consumption rates of goat meat, pork and milk (41.5%).ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest a contribution of human nutrition to antimicrobial resistance frequency. Our results show the existence of a high prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in patients for which eating beef, pork and drinking milk are major risk factors. Therefore, a stricter control of antibiotic usage in livestock production and of their presence in ASF is recommended.
Compatibility in acoustic telemetry
Authors: Reubens Jan , Aarestrup Kim , Meyer Carl , Moore Andy , Okland Finn , Afonso Pedro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAcoustic telemetry is widely used to investigate aquatic animal movement. Pulse position modulation (PPM) is an acoustic telemetry method that allows multiple unique identification codes to be transmitted at a single acoustic frequency, typically in the 69 kHz range. However, because the potential number of unique identification codes (i.e. tags) is ultimately limited by the number of pulses in the PPM signal, this poses a practical limitation. In addition, different manufacturers have developed different approaches to encoding the transmitted data, hampering compatibility across brands. A lack of broad compatibility across telemetry systems restricts users to a single manufacturer and operating system, reduces market competition and limits innovation. As the aquatic animal tracking research community organises towards networks of devices and data, incompatibility becomes more problematic and jeopardizes the unique scientific benefits offered by the networking approach. Here, we make a plea for collaboration among the manufacturers globally and propose a set of open protocols to ensure equipment interoperability as a medium-term solution.