bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATING CROSS CONGRUENCE BETWEEN BUTTERFLY TAXA AND ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF SYSTEMATIC CONSERVATION PLANNING: A CASE STUDY FROM LESSER CAUCASUS ECOREGION OF TURKEY
Authors: Kaya özdemirel Banu 
Published: December 2021

Cross taxa congruence was investigated between butterfly taxa and ecological community for fine spatial scale (10 × 10 km² UTM grids) in north-eastern part of Turkey. The study area was evaluated within the scope of systematic conservation planning, and analyses were performed for sets of priority protected areas composed using complementarity-based site selection software Marxan. Cross taxa congruence was subsequently examined both in species richness and ecologic complementarity. Accordingly, it has been observed that the cross-taxon congruence between butterfly taxa and ecological community was relatively better than the results of previous studies. Another remarkable finding is that ecological community was a more robust surrogate than butterfly taxa. Although the results are valuable for conservation studies, they highlight the fact that a simple surrogate-based site selection would be inadequate to represent overall biodiversity. The weakness of congruence patterns among surrogates would also lead to gaps in biodiversity conservation. These findings therefore draw attention to the necessities of incorporating surrogates of distinct ecology or some other surrogates like environmental parameters into conservation planning. Otherwise, there may be mistakes regarding species representation and the vast majority of species may be misrepresented in protected areas and protected area plans. At this point, it should be emphasized that understating cross taxa congruence and/or relationships is a key component for efficient biodiversity conservation.
Relationship between Dissociative Experiences and Schizotypal Personality Traits: Mediating Role of Inferential Confusion
Authors: Ghorbali Akram , Shaeiri Mohammad Reza , Gholami Fesharaki Mohammad 
Published: December 2021

Objective: Previous research has shown a relationship between schizotypal personality traits and dissociative tendencies. The Inference-Based Approach (IBA) can explain this relationship to some extent. Purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of inferential confusion in relation to dissociative experiences and schizotypal personality traits.
Method: A total of 341 students from Shahed University participated in this cross-sectional study. Sampling was conducted randomly by the cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the Inferential Confusion Questionnaire (ICQ-EV), Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B), and Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II). Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software based on statistical methods including Pearson correlation, Baron and Kenny hierarchical regression and the Sobel test.
Results: There were significant positive relationships between dissociative experiences, schizotypal personality traits, and inferential confusion (P < 0.01). Findings showed that inferential confusion mediates the relationship between dissociative experiences and schizotypal personality traits (β = 0.29; P < 0.001).
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the present study, considering role of inferential confusion, succeeded in explaining the relationship between dissociative experiences and schizotypal personality traits to some extent
Standardisation issues related to lighting and daylighting control systems
Authors: de Boer Jan , Derengowski Nikodem , Fontoynont Marc , Neves Pimenta Daniel , Reinhold Per , Weitlaner Robert 
Published: December 2021

Even though there are existing codes and standards regarding daylighting and electric lighting controls, they have to be constantly reviewed and updated, as the technology is growing rapidly - and so do the users’ expectations. That is, in both efficiency of buildings in terms of sustainability and energy usage (utilizing advanced sensor-based systems), and also in the need for high quality of lighting at the workplaces.
IRAN-US RELATIONS AFTER THE DEATH OF QASSEM SOLEIMANI
Authors: Taufiq Firmanda , Alkholid Ayu Maulida 
Published: December 2021

<p>Iran-United States relations have up and down. Some sharp diplomatic statements made by the US president, Donald Trump, as well as the president of Iran, Ayatullah Khomeini. In fact, the sanctions that must be accepted by the US against Iran are embargo sanctions. This article aims to analyze how the future relations between Iran and the United States. Cooperation between the two countries has a history that dates back to the Cold War. Relations between these two countries based on a variety of interests, including economic, political, military, ideological, and security considerations . The theory used in this research is balance of power theory. The US has major interest in the Middle East and Iran is a rival of the US in achieving that interest. Nevertheless, many US foreign policies are caused tension between the two countries. Conversely, Iran has considerable economic importance, but the role of the Iran government elite also has a significant influence in the determination of their foreign policy. The findings in this study, despite challenges and complicated processes, the US and Iran are eternal rivals in the fusion of power and political influence in the Middle East, and relations between both will continue to fluctuate . </p>
THE CONCEPT OF THE IDEAL LEADER IN NAJIB KAILANI'S NOVEL AN-NIDĀUL KHĀLID: MICHAEL RIFFATERRE'S SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Aini Qurratul 
Published: December 2021

<p>A leader is someone who is elected by the community for the common good. The concept of a leader includes not only those who hold positions in the government system, but also religious leaders.. This study aims to describe the ideal leader in Najib Kailani's <em>An-Nida@ul Kha@lid</em> novel by using Michael Riffaterre's semiotics as an analytical tool. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis by describing the data in accordance with what it is then followed by analysis. The data collection technique is using listening and note-taking techniques. The results of this study state that the concept of an ideal leader must comply with three things, namely: 1) The leader must be wise making decisions, 2) the leader must defend the interests and unite the people, and 3) the leader must accommodate the aspirations of the people. While, the matrix in the text is the concept of an ideal leader who has a model of nurturing and embracing the community, and a variant in the form of a text related to ideal leadership. The potential hypogram found in the text is the same as the matrix, namely the concept of an ideal leader, while the actual hypogram, departs from the true story experienced by the author, where he grew and developed along with the outbreak of World War II, then in 1958-19865 went in and out of prison, and In 1982, the novel An-Nidaul Khalid was published.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Ideal Leader Concept, Semiotic, Riffaterre, Novel, Najib Kailani<em></em></p><p><em> </em></p>
Análisis de las Estrategias y Recursos didácticos en la Educación General Básica bajo los principios del Diseño Universal del Aprendizaje
Authors: Cantuña Avila Abigail , Cañar Tapia Carolina , Gallegos Navas Miriam 
Published: December 2021

Introducción: El Diseño Universal para el aprendizaje (DUA) permite la planificación micro curricular y la aplicación de la misma, tomando en cuenta la diversidad existente en el aula ya que, considera los intereses, habilidades y potencialidades de cada uno de los estudiantes, eliminando los obstáculos que limiten su desarrollo integral. El propósito de este estudio es analizar el uso de las estrategias didácticas y recursos que utilizan los docentes desde la perspectiva del Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje. Del mismo modo, los objetivos específicos buscan describir las estrategias didácticas empleadas para atender a la diversidad en el aula e identificar los recursos que intervienen en el proceso de enseñanza. Método: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 28 docentes de la provincia de Pichincha de instituciones educativas particulares y fiscomisionales; en donde se registró los datos mediante diarios de campo y encuestas. Resultados: Se identificó que 7,14 % de docentes (n=2) saben lo que significa el DUA y sus características, mientras que el 92,86% (n=26) desconoce del término; además se describió las prácticas docentes que fomentan la expresión de los estudiantes y la motivación.
Aprendizaje-Servicio virtual en tiempos de emergencia sanitaria: una experiencia de refuerzo académico de docentes en formación
Authors: Corrales Gaitero Carlos , Herrera Segarra Johanna , Erazo Ortega Patricia 
Published: December 2021

La crisis sanitaria ha provocado la aceleración de procesos de virtualización del aprendizaje en contextos donde existe una reducida conectividad y escasa formación en tecnologías aplicadas a la educación. Para contrarrestar los efectos negativos producidos por la pandemia, se propone un proyecto de Aprendizaje-Servicio virtual (APSv), donde estudiantes universitarios desarrollan sesiones virtuales de refuerzo académico a través de estrategias lúdicas para niños de entre 4 y 11 años de Quito. Este artículo evalúa el proyecto a partir de las encuestas de percepción del sistema de autoevaluación de la Responsabilidad Social Universitaria en AUSJAL aplicadas a los estudiantes (23), docentes (11) y familias (73) vinculados al programa. Tras el análisis, se destaca que los estudiantes reaprendieron a diseñar sus intervenciones de enseñanza en un contexto real al que no estaban habituados, fortalecieron el compromiso cívico en procura de recortar la brecha de desigualdad social palpada y se disminuyeron los efectos negativos derivados de la pandemia sobre el aprendizaje y estado socioemocional de niños y adolescentes. En este sentido las TIC aplicadas en un proyecto de APSv propician la participación e interacción social; favorecen el aprendizaje de docentes en formación y cobran significado para dar continuidad a los procesos de vinculación universitaria.
A mobile application for working on university service learning: usability, adequacy and perceptions of usefulness
Authors: Santágueda Villanueva María , LLopis Nebot María Ángeles , Esteve Mon Francesc Marc 
Published: December 2021

In the current context, we not only need to train digitally competent students, but to develop civic and citizenship skills. One methodology for this is Service Learning (SL),. Mobile devices can enable the design of SL activities that take advantage of digital capabilities. However, experiences are still scarce.
In the present research, a mobile application for SL is presented, with which students and teachers are in constant interaction, where feedback is constant and learning is reciprocal. In this article, and based on a DBR methodology, we evaluated technological usability, pedagogical usability and satisfaction. For this purpose, 3 teachers and 11 students of the Education degrees, used and evaluated the application using the usability test and conducting several interviews.
According to the results obtained, the application works correctly and meets the four levels of usability. However, both students and teachers detected elements for improvement, especially in design. The application presented allows further progress towards eSL, taking advantage of the possibilities of hybrid technologies and scenarios.
Implementing integrated water resources management locally in rural catchments: Lessons from eastern Sudan
Authors: Mokhtar Khaled , Day St John 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sudan is a vulnerable and challenging environment as a result of its climate, hydrology, and hydrogeology. Other entrenched human factors, such as authoritarian rule, limited historical investment in rural water services and the gradual decline of national institutions make it particularly difficult. This has manifested itself today into low levels of water supply coverage particularly amongst rural communities. Trust between rural communities in Kassala and government institutions has also declined for those left behind in rural hinterlands. Providing sustainable and resilient water services in rural Sudan is difficult work, not least because of high rainfall variability, inadequate infrastructure and the lack of continuous external support to communities when problems arise. This paper describes efforts to strengthen links between water resources management and WASH, and the challenges faced when national institutions responsible for water resources and water supply are weak. It documents recent efforts to ensure water supply services can provide water year round and increase collaboration between rural communities and mandated government authorities. It is intended to be read by government personnel, non-governmental organisations and other staff that are directly involved in implementing integrated water resource management programmes in complex environments.
Economic resilience in water supply service in rural Tajikistan: A case study from Oxfam
Authors: Aliyev Orkhan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The water utilities established by the Tajikistan Water Supply and Sanitation (TajWSS) project, which is funded by Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation and led by Oxfam in Tajikistan in collaboration with Government of Tajikistan focussed mainly on decentralization of drinking water services and ownership of the water supply assets by local governance bodies. However, owing to the increasing demand for water and pressures on water resources as a result of climatic variability, water utilities in rural areas are facing financial, operational and environmental challenges which prevent them from responding adequately. These challenges require highly resilient considerations in the design, construction and management of water supply and sanitation facilities and access to financial resources to overcome unforeseen risks. Oxfam's experience in Tajikistan shows that a community's socio-economic status and water utilities’ business operations were key factors for building the resilience of water and sanitation (WS) systems in rural areas. In this paper, the approach in building WS systems that are highly resilient to disasters or risks in rural areas is investigated along with how different factors such as demand and supply, institutional capacity, access to finance and community ownership affect the sustainability of WS services.
Sequential extraction and risk assessment of pollutants from one major tributary of the Ganga
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Sahu Pokhraj , Markandeya  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The geochemical fractionation of toxic heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, Cu, Fe and Zn was investigated in 10 different sites of river bed sediments (up, mid and downstream) of Gomti River at Lucknow city. Sequential extraction technique was used to identify the distribution of trace elements binding in different fractions; i.e., exchangeable, carbonate, Fe and Mn oxide, organic matter and residual. Heavy metal concentrations were least at upstream and significantly higher in mid and downstream. Fractionation indicated that dominant metals were bound in residual fraction to the bed sediments except for Cd and Pb, which were bound in an equivalent fraction. Geo-accumulation index factor reveals that the enrichment of heavy metals in the bio-available fraction is contributed anthropogenically. Hierarchical cluster analysis also shows the metal pollution load in the river. Risk assessment code of Cd and Ni showed very high risk (ranged from 54.41 to 85.56 and 20.57 to 44.92 respectively) followed by Pb (high risk), Zn, Co (medium risk), Cr, Mn, Cu, Fe (low risk) in Gomti River water. Further, concentrations of Cd and Pb at mid Lucknow were 31 and 75%, high enough to pose a substantial risk to the environment.
Experimental analysis of the effect of bed-load movement on flow hydraulic characteristics
Authors: Estakhr Reza , Mazdeh Ali Mahdavi , Omid Mohammad Hossein 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, the effect of bed-load movement on mean flow characteristics was evaluated in two rigid rectangular flumes. The experiments consisted of creating flow conditions carrying sediments with mean diameters of D50 = 0.5, 0.6, and 2.84 mm over both smooth and rough beds. Various sediment concentrations were injected at the upstream end of the flume at non-deposit injection rates to study the effect of various concentrations on flow resistance. The effect of sediment movement on flow resistance was examined by comparing the results with those of clear-water flows (without sediment injection on both smooth and rough beds). The results showed that the sediment transport at maximum injection rate may increase the friction factor up to 50% and 58% in the smooth bed, and up to about 75% and 80% in the rough bed with mean diameter of 0.5 and 0.6 mm. In addition, for D50 = 2.84 mm, the friction factor decreased in the smooth bed and increased up to 50% in the rough bed. In general, it can be concluded that bed-load transport can be increased by the flow friction factor. The results also showed that bed-loads may decrease the average velocity and increase shear velocity with extraction of momentum from the flow, and both the mentioned factors may increase the flow friction factor. Raising the bed-load concentration in the flow may increase the elevation of the friction factor, approaching a constant value after reaching the aggregation threshold and generation of bed-forms.
The performance of calcined serpentine to simultaneously remove fluoride, iron and manganese
Authors: Li Xilin , Wang Qi , Liu Ling , Liu Siyuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To solve the problem of high fluoride, iron and manganese concentrations in groundwater, serpentine (Srp) was modified by metal salt impregnation, acid–base activation and calcination, and the effects of these three modifications on the removal performance of Srp were compared. Specifically, the effects of the calcined serpentine (Csrp) dose, reaction time, pH, and temperature on the removal performance of F−, Fe2+ and Mn2+ on Csrp were analysed. An isothermal adsorption model and adsorption kinetic equation were established and confirmed through SEM, EDS, XRD and FTIR spectroscopy to analyse the mechanism of removing F−, Fe2+ and Mn2+ by Csrp. The results show that when 3 g/L Csrp was used to treat water samples with 5 mg/L F−, 20 mg/L Fe2+, and 5 mg/L Mn2+ (pH of 6, reaction temperature of 35 °C, and time of 150 min), the removal rates of F−, Fe2+, and Mn2+ were 94.3%, 99.0%, 98.9%, respectively. The adsorption of F−, Fe2+ and Mn2+ on Csrp follows the quasi-second-order kinetic equation and Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. After five cycles of regeneration of Csrp, Csrp can still maintain good properties of fluoride, iron and manganese removal.
The effect of sludge retention time (SRT) on the Nitrifier typical kinetics at ambient temperature under the low ammonia density
Authors: Li Yifan , Wu Jinzhu , Liu Yongjie , Chen Feiyong , Guan Jie , Shao Yuanyuan , Wang Jing , Zhang Lijie , Goel Rajeev , Sun Xiuqin , Wang Quanyong , Zhang Ruina , Song Hengyu , Liu Bing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sludge retention time (SRT) regulation is one of the essential management techniques for refined control of the main-sidestream treatment process under the low ammonia density. It is indispensable to understand the effect of SRTs changes on the Nitrifier kinetics to obtain the functional separation of the Nitrifier and the refined control of the nitrification process. In this study, Nitrifier was cultured with conditions of 35 ± 0.5 °C, pH 7.5 ± 0.2, DO 5.0 ± 0.5 mg-O/L, and SRTs were controlled for 40 d, 20 d, 10 d, and 5 d. The net growth rate (), decay rate (), specific growth rate (), the yield of the Nitrifier (), temperature parameter (), and inhibition coefficient () have been measured and extended with the SRT decreases. Instead, the half-saturation coefficient () decreased. In addition, the limited value of pH inhibition occurs (), and the pH of keeping 5% maximum reaction rate () was in a relatively stable state. The trade of kinetics may be induced by the change of species structure of Nitrifier. The Nitrosomonas proportion was increased, and the Nitrospira was contrary with the SRT decreasing. It is a match for the functional separation of Nitrifier when SRTs was 20 d at ambient temperature under the low ammonia density. The kinetics of ammonia-oxidizing organisms (AOO) and nitrite-oxidizing organisms (NOO) in Nitrifier under different SRT conditions should be measured respectively to the refined control of the partial nitrification process in future study.
Study on the properties of denitrifying carbon sources from cellulose plants and their nitrogen removal mechanisms
Authors: Qi Liang , Li Ling , Yin Lin , Zhang Wen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Carbon sources of cellulose plants are promising materials that enhance the activities of denitrifying bacteria in the groundwater system. To further verify the denitrification performance of cellulose plants and the main factors of affecting the denitrifying system, six cellulose plants from agricultural wastes (wood chip, corn cob, rice husk, corn straw, wheat straw, and sugar cane) were selected for bioavailable organic matter leaching experiments, carbon denitrification experiments, functional bacteria identification, and analysis experiments. The results show that the extracts of cellulose plants contain a mixed carbon sources system including small molecular organic acids, sugars, nitrogen-containing organic components, and esters. The qPCR results showed that the denitrifying bacteria had obvious advantages compared to anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria during the stable period; the denitrification experiment showed that each of six cellulose plants removed more than 80% of nitrogen, and the denitrification rates reached 1.00–2.00 mg N cm−3·d−1. The supplement of cellulose plants promotes the metabolism rate of denitrifying bacteria, and the additional denitrifying bacteria have little effect on nitrate removal. In summary, the expected denitrification reaction occurred in the cellulose plant system, which is suitable as a carbon source material for water body nitrogen pollution remediation.