bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conjunctival Melanocytic Lesions
Authors: Bresler Scott C. , Simon Caroline , Shields Carol L. , McHugh Jonathan B. , Stagner Anna M. , Patel Rajiv M. 
Published: August 2021

Context.—
Conjunctival melanocytic lesions consist of a variety of neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions. These include benign processes such as primary intraepithelial hypermelanosis and melanocytic hyperplasia, secondary forms of intraepithelial hypermelanosis and melanocytic hyperplasia, melanocytic nevi, melanocytic proliferations with malignant potential, and melanoma.

Objective.—
To provide a concise yet comprehensive resource regarding the histopathologic diagnosis of conjunctival melanocytic lesions. We aim to detail and clarify the numerous classification schemes that exist for junctional melanocytic proliferations of the conjunctiva (known as primary acquired melanosis or PAM; also termed conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial neoplasia or C-MIN). Although not uniformly adopted, C-MIN is classified by using a numeric system based on a defined set of criteria. A less complex scheme (conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial lesion or CMIL) has recently been proposed by the World Health Organization. Additionally, we aim to update the reader regarding molecular features and prognostic indicators.

Data Sources.—
Peer-reviewed literature and archived cases for illustration.

Conclusions.—
Accurate histologic classification is essential, as PAM/C-MIN/CMILs that have a significant potential to progress to invasive melanoma may be clinically indistinguishable from low-risk lesions. Conjunctival melanoma (CM) more closely resembles cutaneous melanoma in terms of its pathogenesis and molecular features, compared to melanoma arising at other mucosal sites or to uveal melanoma. Depth of invasion and ulceration status, among other factors, have emerged as important prognostic indicators in CM. Sentinel lymph node biopsy may provide further prognostic information. Lastly, integration of pathologic and clinical findings is essential at this anatomically sensitive location to determine appropriate clinical management.
Restructuring of an evidence-based practice curriculum and assessment with structural mapping by course outcome verb
Authors: Murdock Mark E. , Brennan Teresa , Murphy Edward , Sherrier William 
Published: August 2021

Objective
An evidence-based clinical practice (EBCP) subcurriculum within a chiropractic curriculum was restructured to distribute EBCP topics to courses throughout the curriculum. We posited that this would enhance student learning through early exposure, repetition, and the use of progressively more difficult levels of learning. In this paper we describe how we determined if Bloom's verb level trended upward from the beginning of the curriculum to the end and if there were any gaps in presentation of topics periodically in the curriculum. We describe how we determined if the restructured subcurriculum provided adequate integration of topics.

Methods
EBCP committee chairs created templates of the new structure, solicited feedback from the faculty, and faculty members volunteered to assimilate topics into courses. Support for the faculty included comprehensive PowerPoint production and in-service training. Assessment for trends and gaps was performed of the resultant learning outcomes by mapping 13 quarters against 6 Bloom's verb levels for 19 topics.

Results
Fourteen of the topics had increasing linear model trends indicating verb progression. Decreased attention to EBCP topics was identified in some quarters.

Conclusion
The graphical mapping process seemed useful to find EBCP topics that did not show progression of Bloom's verb difficulty and gaps in topics in the restructured subcurriculum.
Using Logistic Regression of Machine Learning Method to Evaluate American Options
Authors: Lee Yung Hsin 
Published: August 2021

Aims: The main purpose of this study is to understand whether Logistic regression has certain benefits in the evaluation of American options. As far as the Monte Carlo method is concerned, the least square method is traditionally used to evaluate American options, but in fact, Logistic regression is generally quite good in classification performance. Therefore, this study wants to know if Logistic regression can improve the accuracy of evaluation in American options.
Study Design: The selection of options parameters required in the simulation process mainly considers the average level of actual market conditions in the past few years in terms of dividend yield and risk-free interest rate. The part of the stock price and the strike price mainly considers three different situations: in-the-money, out-of-the-money and at the money.
Methodology: This study applied the Logistic regression in Monte Carlo method for the pricing of American. Uses the ability of logistic regression to help determine whether the American option should be exercised early for each stock price path. The validity of the proposed method is supported by some vanilla put cases testing. The parameters used in all cases tested are considered the current state of the market.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach using numerical examples, revealing signiﬁcant improvements in numerical efﬁciency and accuracy. Several test cases showed that the relative error of all tests are below 1%.
The Influence of Leadership Style and Employee Competence with Organizational Climate as an Intervening Variable on Employee Performance in Educational Institutions
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad , Arifin Zainal , Firdausi Iqbal 
Published: August 2021

Aims: Let's find out and analyze the influence of leadership style and employee competence with organizational climate as an intervening variable
Study design:descriptive analysis method with correlational type
Place and Duration of Study: at an Educational Institution in Banjarmasin Indonesia, between June 2020 and July 2021.
Methodology: using descriptive analysis method with correlational type. The sample of this study were 53 educators and teaching staff in educational institutions as respondents. With the sampling technique using the Probability Sampling technique. This research is analyzed with Multiple Linear Regression using SPSS for Windows program.
Results: 1) leadership style has a positive influence on organizational climate, 2) employee competence has a positive influence on organizational climate, 3) leadership style has a positive influence on employee performance, 4) employee competence has a positive influence on employee performance, 5) Organizational climate has a positive influence on employee performance, 6) leadership style has a positive influence on employee performance through organizational climate as an intervening variable and 7) employee competence has a positive influence on employee performance through organizational climate as an intervening variable.
Conclusion: Leadership style and employee competence have an effect on employee performance, but the influence is higher if the organizational climate is created well.
Familial Hypercholesterolaemia as a Model for Evaluating the Ethics of Population Testing and Screening for Genetic Disease
Authors: Allen‐Tice Carly J , Tryon Rebecca K , Zierhut Heather A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a common genetic form of high cholesterol that has serious impacts on cardiovascular health when untreated. Despite the potential benefits of early identification, FH is underdiagnosed in most countries. Widespread population screening utilising universal and cascade models has the potential to increase FH diagnoses and improve disease outcomes. Investigation of various methodologies and ethical considerations for implementing these models in practice has highlighted the promise and existing challenges in addressing this public health issue. Defining the ethics framework for FH screening will inform methodology and delineate how individual rights will be respected. Use of a social justice lens in the gathering of evidence and the creation of the screening process will better ensure that FH screening reduces rather than further entrenches existing health inequities. Further evidence is needed to demonstrate the benefit, utility and engagement across diverse communities.

Key Concepts

Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a common genetic cause of high cholesterol that remains widely underdiagnosed despite its serious implications for cardiovascular health when untreated.

FH can be diagnosed using lipid levels, clinical criteria and/or genetic testing, but the best way to regularly use these tools has been debated.

Various population screening models have been considered and investigated for improving the identification of FH, including universal and cascade screening.

Strategies to implement screening models in practice are being explored and range from patient databases and diagnostic algorithms to educational efforts for providers and the general public.

Both logistical and ethical barriers to implementing these models have been identified and must be addressed in order to create robust screening programmes.

Defining the ethics framework for FH screening will inform the methodology and delineate how individual rights will be respected.

Use of a social justice lens in the gathering of evidence and the creation of the screening process will better ensure that FH screening reduces rather than further entrenches existing health inequities.
Design of Aligned Porous Carbon Films with Single‐Atom Co–N–C Sites for High‐Current‐Density Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Liu Rui , Gong Zhichao , Liu Jianbin , Dong Juncai , Liao Jiangwen , Liu Huan , Huang Haikang , Liu Jingjing , Yan Minmin , Huang Kang , Gong Haisheng , Zhu Jian , Cui Chunyu , Ye Gonglan , Fei Huilong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMetal‐ and nitrogen‐doped carbon (M–N–C) materials as a unique class of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have increasingly attracted attention as the replacement of platinum for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER); however, their employment as HER electrodes at high current densities of industrial level remains a grand challenge. Herein, an aligned porous carbon film embedded with single‐atom Co–N–C sites of exceptional activity and stability at high current densities is designed. Within the film, the atomic CoNx moieties exhibit high intrinsic activity, while the multiscale porosity of the carbon frameworks with vertically aligned microchannels afford facilitated mass transfer under the conditions of high production rate and ultrathick electrodes. Moreover, the superwetting properties of the film promote electrolyte wetting and ensure the timely removal of the evolving H2 gas bubbles. The as‐designed film can work as an efficient HER electrode to deliver 500 and 1000 mA cm−2 in acid at overpotentials of 272 and 343 mV, respectively, and can operate uninterruptedly and stably at 1000 mA cm−2 for at least 32 h under static conditions. These findings pave the road toward the rational design of SACs with improved activity and stability at high current densities in gas‐evolving electrocatalytic processes.
Sub‐Monolayer YOx/MoOx on Ultrathin Pt Nanowires Boosts Alcohol Oxidation Electrocatalysis
Authors: Li Menggang , Zhao Zhonglong , Zhang Weiyu , Luo Mingchuan , Tao Lu , Sun Yingjun , Xia Zhonghong , Chao Yuguang , Yin Kun , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Yang Weiwei , Yu Yongsheng , Lu Gang , Guo Shaojun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA crucial issue restricting the application of direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) is the low activity of Pt‐based electrocatalysts for alcohol oxidation reaction caused by the reaction intermediate (CO*) poisoning. Herein, a new strategy is demonstrated for making a class of sub‐monolayer YOx/MoOx‐surface co‐decorated ultrathin platinum nanowires (YOx/MoOx–Pt NWs) to effectively eliminate the CO poisoning for enhancing methanol oxidation electrocatalysis. By adjusting the amounts of YOx and MoOx decorated on the surface of ultrathin Pt NWs, the optimized 22% YOx/MoOx–Pt NWs achieve a high specific activity of 3.35 mA cm−2 and a mass activity of 2.10 A mgPt−1, as well as the enhanced stability. In situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and CO stripping studies confirm the contribution of YOx and MoOx to anti‐CO poisoning ability of the NWs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further reveal that the surface Y and Mo atoms with oxidation states allow COOH* to bind the surface through both the carbon and oxygen atoms, which can lower the free energy barriers for the oxidation of CO* into COOH*. The optimal NWs also show the superior activities toward the electro‐oxidation of ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol.
Optical Fiber Waveguiding Soft Photoactuators Exhibiting Giant Reversible Shape Change
Authors: He Yongcheng , Liang Haohua , Chen Meihua , Jiang Licheng , Zhang Zhishen , Heng Xiaobo , Yang Lin , Hao Yanpeng , Gan Jiulin , Yang Zhongmin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSoft actuators, an emerging field in robotics, have great potential for wide‐ranging applications in biology, medicine, engineering, and oceanography. Photoactuators that are stimulated by light to produce reversible mechanical deformation have attracted significant interest in recent years owing to their advantages of high resolution, fast switching, flexible controllability, and electromagnetic interference immunity. Conventional photoactuators rely on free‐space illumination, which limits the control in light‐obstructed surroundings. A low loss optical fiber waveguide‐based soft photoactuator composed of photothermally responsive material hinges and high‐transparency elastomer fiber arms is proposed. When light travels in the elastomer fiber arms, the hinges exhibit a very large shape change so that the arms bend by themselves, with a maximum repeatable bending angle of approximately 145°. The angle is determined by the injected optical power. A fiber photoactuator with dual hinges is designed that is capable of reversible complex deformation. Moreover, in a narrow silicone tube, the fiber photoactuator can still be stimulated with considerable deformation by the light injected along the fiber. A fiber photoactuator‐constructed microhook is demonstrated for grabbing object in water.
Functionalizing Collagen with Vessel‐Penetrating Two‐Photon Phosphorescence Probes: A New In Vivo Strategy to Map Oxygen Concentration in Tumor Microenvironment and Tissue Ischemia
Authors: Wu Cheng‐Ham , Kisel Kristina S. , Thangavel Muthu Kumar , Chen Yi‐Ting , Chang Kai‐Hsin , Tsai Ming‐Rung , Chu Chia‐Yu , Shen Yu‐Fang , Wu Pei‐Chun , Zhang Zhiming , Liu Tzu‐Ming , Jänis Janne , Grachova Elena V. , Shakirova Julia R. , Tunik Sergey P. , Koshevoy Igor O. , Chou Pi‐Tai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe encapsulation and/or surface modification can stabilize and protect the phosphorescence bio‐probes but impede their intravenous delivery across biological barriers. Here, a new class of biocompatible rhenium (ReI) diimine carbonyl complexes is developed, which can efficaciously permeate normal vessel walls and then functionalize the extravascular collagen matrixes as in situ oxygen sensor. Without protective agents, ReI‐diimine complex already exhibits excellent emission yield (34%, λem = 583 nm) and large two‐photon absorption cross‐sections (σ2 = 300 GM @ 800 nm) in water (pH 7.4). After extravasation, remarkably, the collagen‐bound probes further enhanced their excitation efficiency by increasing the deoxygenated lifetime from 4.0 to 7.5 µs, paving a way to visualize tumor hypoxia and tissue ischemia in vivo. The post‐extravasation functionalization of extracellular matrixes demonstrates a new methodology for biomaterial‐empowered phosphorescence sensing and imaging.
Agronomic and efficacy evaluations of oxathiapiprolin as a soybean seed treatment
Authors: Hegstad Jeffrey M. , Gaspar Adam P. , Feng Lizhi , Lackermann Karen , Hudson Ashley , Howieson Mark 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPhytophthora root and stem rot is a devastating disease of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] that occurs annually in North America. Plant death and severe yield loss can transpire when conditions are favorable for pathogen development. The first objective was to determine the efficacy of oxathiapiprolin as a soybean seed treatment using laboratory inoculum layer assays with different races of Phytophthora sojae. The second objective was to evaluate oxathiapiprolin seed treatments in wide area agronomic field testing using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) image‐to‐data analysis to quantify emergence, vigor, and greenness traits. The final objective was to examine the yield potential of seed treatments with oxathiapiprolin. Using inoculum layer efficacy testing in a growth chamber with P. sojae races 4, 7, or 31, seed treated with oxathiapiprolin had significantly higher visual root growth scores compared to non‐treated seed. Across 115 field locations from 2018 to 2020, UAV remote sensing image analysis at the V2 growth stage indicated oxathiapiprolin in combination with other fungicides had significantly better emergence, more vigor, and more intense greenness compared to non‐treated controls. Entries treated with oxathiapiprolin in combination with other fungicides had an average +161 kg ha–1 yield difference compared to non‐treated entries from 2018 to 2020. Oxathiapiprolin as a seed treatment is an effective management tool for soybean producers, providing efficacy against P. sojae, and improving emergence, vigor, greenness, and final yield.
Group and group‐interaction contribution method for estimating the melting temperatures of deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Hou Xiao‐Jing , Yu Liu‐Ying , He Chao‐Hong , Wu Ke‐Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) are mixtures of two or more components that have lower melting temperatures compared to their constituting components. DESs possess many advantages, for example, low volatility, low flammability, and low toxicity, which make them promising alternatives to traditional organic solvents. The melting temperature, one of the important physical properties, is of essential importance for industrial applications. In this work, a group and group‐interaction contribution method was proposed to estimate the melting temperatures of DESs using an extensive database (1528 DESs, 1541 data points). The average absolute relative deviation (%AARD) between the estimated and experimental values of the melting temperature was 5.67% for binary DESs. Subsequently, this method was also extended to estimate the melting temperature of ternary DESs, with the AARD of 6.13%. The results indicate the high accuracy and broad applicability of the method and pave the way for the rational design of task‐specific DESs.
Severe thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in pregnancy: A guide for the consulting hematologist
Authors: Perez Botero Juliana , Reese Jessica A. , George James N. , McIntosh Jennifer J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA hematologist receives a call from a maternal‐fetal medicine (MFM) physician about a previously healthy patient who became ill at 25 weeks' gestation. Her mental status is deteriorating. There are signs of fetal distress. Platelet count and hemoglobin are falling. The MFM physician is considering the hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome. For the hematologist, everything seems unfamiliar. Our goal is to provide hematologists with the fundamental knowledge required for understanding and managing these patients who become suddenly and seriously ill during pregnancy and in whom thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia are part of their presentation.
Carfilzomib and dexamethasone induction with lenalidomide, clarithromycin and dexamethasone consolidation and lenalidomide maintenance for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Forsberg Peter A. , Rossi Adriana C. , Boyer Angelique , Pearse Roger N. , Pekle Karen A. , Jayabalan David , Lakritz Stephanie , Flicker Kari , Ribadeneyra Drew , Liotta Brielle , Ely Scott , Boussi Leora , Allan John N. , Coleman Morton , Niesvizky Ruben , Mark Tomer M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCombination treatment regimens including a proteasome inhibitor (PI), an immunomodulatory agent (IMiD) and a corticosteroid are standards of care for initial treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). We aimed to evaluate if a sequential treatment program using PI induction followed by IMiD based consolidation and maintenance could achieve similar outcomes with reduced toxicities. This phase 2 study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of the Car‐BiRd regimen: carfilzomib and dexamethasone (Kd) induction until maximum response, followed by lenalidomide, clarithromycin and dexamethasone (BiRd) consolidation until next maximum response, then lenalidomide maintenance in patients with newly diagnosed MM. Seventy‐two patients, including both transplant eligible and ineligible patients, were enrolled and evaluated for response. The overall response rate to the Car‐BiRd regimen was 94% with 83% of patients achieving a ≥ VGPR and 35% achieving a CR/sCR. The rate of CR/sCR increased from 7% with Kd induction to 21% with BiRd consolidation and 35% with lenalidomide maintenance. These results did not meet the study's target endpoint of a CR rate of 55%. The median PFS using this deferred transplant approach was 37.3 months (95% CI 27.9, 52.7) and median OS was not reached with a median follow‐up of 60 months. Toxicities were primarily low grade and manageable. Hematologic toxicities were lower than those expected with a combination PI/IMiD protocol. The sequential Car‐BiRd regimen is an effective and safe approach for the upfront treatment of MM including patients unfit for transplant.
The Reaction of CO2 with a Borylnitrene: Formation of an 3‐Oxaziridinone
Authors: Bhagat Virinder , Schumann Julia , Bettinger Holger F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe reaction of a borylnitrene with carbon dioxide is studied under cryogenic matrix isolation conditions. Photogenerated CatBN (Cat=catecholato) reacts with CO2 under formation of the cycloaddition product CatBNCO2, a 3‐oxaziridinone derivative, after photoexcitation (>550 nm). The product shows Fermi resonances between the CO stretching and ring deformation modes that cause unusual 13C and 18O isotopic shifts. A computational analysis of the 3‐oxaziridinone shows this cyclic carbamate to be less strained than an α‐lactone or an α‐lactame.
Katalysatorkontrollierte stereoselektive Barton‐Kellogg‐Olefinierung
Authors: Schmidt Tanno A. , Sparr Christof 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSterisch überfrachtete Alkene sind durch die Barton‐Kellogg‐Olefinierung rasch herstellbar und bieten aufgrund ihrer stereochemischen Eigenschaften Anwendungen als funktionelle Moleküle. Die induzierte Stereodynamik ermöglicht dabei die kontrollierte Bewegung von molekularen Schaltern und Motoren, während die hohe Konfigurationsstabilität unerwünschte unspezifische Isomerisierungen verhindert. Bistricyclische aromatische Ene sind prototypische sterisch überfrachtete Alkene, deren stereokontrollierte Herstellung bisher schwierig war. Direkte Katalysatorsteuerung ermöglicht nun eine stereoselektive Barton‐Kellogg‐Olefinierung mit Enantio‐ und Diastereokontrolle für bistricyclische aromatische Ene. Mit Rh2(S‐PTAD)4 als Katalysator wurden Diazoverbindungen selektiv mit einem Thioketon gekuppelt, um nach Thiiran‐Reduktion eines der vier anti‐gefalteten sterisch überfrachteten Alken‐Stereoisomere zu erhalten. Vollständige Stereodivergenz wurde durch Katalysatorkontrolle in Kombination mit unterschiedlichen Reduktionen erreicht, sodass alle vier Stereoisomere mit e.r.‐Werten von bis zu 99:1 erhalten wurden. Diese Strategie dürfte die Synthese topologisch einzigartiger überfrachteter Alkene für Funktionsmaterialien, Katalyse, Energie‐ und Elektronentransfer und bioaktive Verbindungen ermöglichen.