bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors and Antiviral Treatments of Influenza in Immunosuppressed Inpatients in Beijing During the 2015-2020 Influenza Seasons
Authors: Liu Yafen , Wang Yue , Mai Huan , Chen YuanYuan , Liu Baiyi , Liu YiSi , Ji Ying , Cong Xu , Gao Yan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Influenza infection was a vital threat to immunosuppressed patients with longer viral shedding; however, data on these populations in China are still lacking. We analyzed clinical characteristics, risk factors and effects of antiviral therapy in these populations.
Methods
We analyzed 111 immunosuppressed inpatients tested positive for influenza virus using RT-PCR during the 2015–2020 influenza seasons. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistics analysis were used to identify risk factors.
Results
The most common immunosuppression type was malignancies with chemotherapy 87.4% (97/111), then hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 23.4% (26/111). The most common presenting symptom was fever in 92.8% (103/111) patients, then cough 50.6% (44/87). 14.4% (16/111) patients were admitted to ICU and 9.9% (11/111) patients died. Combination and double dose of neuraminidase inhibitors did not significantly reduce the admission to ICU and death. Risk factors for admission to ICU were dyspnea, co-infection with other infections and no antiviral treatment within 48 hours, and presence of dyspnea and altered mental status were independently associated with death through multivariate logistics analysis. Seasonal influenza vaccination in preceding 12 months only took up 2.7% (3/111).
Conclusion
Fever and other classical symptoms of influenza may be absent in immunosuppressed recipients, and conducting influenza virus detection at the first time is a good choice for early diagnosis. Immunosuppressed patients with dyspnea, altered mental status, co-infection with other infections and no antiviral treatment within 48 hours are of note needed, because these people have high-risk to severe cases. Inactivated influenza vaccination should be taken into account in immunosuppressed patients.
Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and Risk-Taking Behaviors in Early Adulthood
Authors: Sagiv Sharon K. , Rauch Stephen , Kogut Katherine R. , Hyland Carly , Gunier Robert B. , Mora Ana M. , Deardorff Julianna , Eskenazi Brenda 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies show evidence for associations of prenatal exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides with poorer childhood neurodevelopment. As children grow older, poorer cognition and executive function can give rise to risk-taking behaviors, including substance abuse, delinquency, and violent acts. We investigated whether prenatal OP exposure was associated with these risk-taking behaviors in adolescence and young adulthood in a Mexican American cohort. Methods: We measured urinary dialkyl phosphates (DAPs), non-specific metabolites of OPs, in pregnant women recruited in 1999-2000 in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study, a birth cohort set in a primarily Latino community living in proximity to agricultural fields in Salinas Valley, California. We followed up children throughout their childhood and adolescence; at the 18-year visit, adolescent youth (n=315) completed a computer-based questionnaire which included questions about substance use, risky sexual activity, risky driving, and delinquency and police encounters. We used multivariable models to estimate associations of prenatal total DAPs with these risk-taking behaviors. Results: The prevalence of risk-taking behaviors in CHAMACOS youth ranged from 8.9% for smoking or vaping nicotine to 70.2% for committing a delinquent act. Associations of total prenatal DAPs (geometric mean=132.4 nmol/L) with risk-taking behavior were generally null and imprecise. Isolated findings included a higher risk for smoking or vaping nicotine within the past 30 days (relative risk [RR] per 10-fold increase in prenatal DAPs = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.00, 3.56) and driving without a license (RR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.25, 2.42). There were no consistent differences by sex or childhood adversity. Discussion: We did not find clear or consistent evidence for associations of prenatal OP exposure with risk-taking behaviors in adolescence/early adulthood in the CHAMACOS population. Our small sample size may have prevented us from detecting potentially subtle associations of OPs with these risk-taking behaviors.
Poland Syndrome Associated with Lung Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yao Yuanshan , Gao Wen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Poland syndrome is a rare congenital disease consisting a spectrum of defects occupied by unilateral chest wall hypoplasia and ipsilateral hand abnormalities. It is also closely associated with some malignant diseases and some benign diseases, such as breast cancer, lymphoma, recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax, perforating dermatosis, hemangioma, gastric cancer and lung cancer. The low incidence of Poland syndrome has hindered investigators’ attempts to develop randomized prospective trials, so the disease is poorly understood. Now We find out a case of Poland’s syndrome associated with adenocarcinoma of right lung, in which before this article there was only article depicting a case of lung squamous cancer with poland syndrome, this is an interesting topic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of poland syndrome closely related to lung cancer.Case presentation: A 61-year-old man came to the hospital accompanied by intermittent dry cough and hemoptysis that lasted for 2 months. Chest CT revealed showed a large lobulated mass about 5.5cm × 4.0 cm × 3.0 cm in the right lower lung field and the normal right pectoralis major muscle and pectoralis minor were both absent. we diagnosed the patient with stage IIIa lung adenocarcinoma. After two cycles of preoperative platinum-doublet chemotherapy, we have performed a regular right lower lobectomy and lymph node dissection. Until now, after 2.5 years of follow up, he did not relapse.Conclusions: In addition to some other reported types of malignancies, there is increasing evidence that an association between these two clinical entities. Although we do not understand the underlying mechanisms, we assume there exists some common gene pathways that regulate these two clinical entities. Because these patients who got Poland syndrome are susceptibility to different kinds of malignancies, longitudinal epidemiological studies may be needed.
Immune Response and Pathogen Invasion at the Choroid Plexus in the Onset of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Figueiredo Caio Andreeta , Steffen JOhannes , Morton Lorena , Arumugam Sushmita , Liesenfeld OLiver , Deli Maria A , Kröger Andrea , Schüler Thomas , Dunay Ildiko Rita 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii ) is a highly successful parasite being able to cross all biological barriers of the body, finally reaching the central nervous system (CNS). Previous studies have highlighted the critical involvement of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during T. gondii invasion and development of subsequent neuroinflammation. Still, the potential contribution of the choroid plexus (CP), a main structure forming the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-barrier (BCSFB) have not been addressed. Methods: To investigate T. gondii invasion and the onset of neuroinflammation, the CP and brain microvessels (BMV) were isolated and analysed for parasite burden. Additionally, immuno-stained brain sections and three dimensional whole mount preparations were evaluated for parasite localization and morphological alterations. Activation of choroidal and brain endothelial cells were characterized by flow cytometry. To evaluate the impact of early immune responses on CP and BMV, expression levels of inflammatory mediators, tight junctions (TJ) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were quantified. Additionally, FITC-dextran was applied to determine infection-related changes in BCSFB permeability. Finally, the response of primary CP epithelial cells to T. gondii parasites was tested in vitro . Results: Here we revealed that endothelial cells in the CP are initially infected by T. gondii, and become activated prior to BBB endothelial cells indicated by MHCII upregulation. Additionally, CP elicited early local immune response with upregulation of IFN-γ, TNF, IL-6, host-defence factors as well as swift expression of CXCL9 chemokine, when compared to the BMV. Consequently, we uncovered distinct TJ disturbances of claudins, associated with upregulation of MMP-8 and MMP-13 expression in infected CP in vivo , which was confirmed by in vitro infection of primary CP epithelial cells. Notably, we detected early barrier damage and functional loss by increased BCSFB permeability to FITC-dextran in vivo , which was extended over the infection course. Conclusions: Altogether, our data reveal a close interaction between T. gondii infection at the CP and the impairment of the BCSFB function indicating that infection-related neuroinflammation is initiated in the CP.
Lactoferrin Promotes the Autophagy Activity During Osteoblast Formation via BCL2-Beclin1 Signaling
Authors: Ke Dianshan , Wang Xinwen , Lin Yinquan , Wei Shengwang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Lactoferrin, as the main component of milk, can maintain osteoblast formation, which is conducive to the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Lactoferrin also serves as an autophagy regulator, especially in osteoblasts. This study aimed to explore the significance of autophagy in osteoblast formation regulated by Lactoferrin and the internal mechanism. Our results showed that Lactoferrin enhanced the autophagy activity of primary osteoblasts. Importantly, Lactoferrin inhibited BCL2 expression and the co-immunoprecipitation of BCL2 and Beclin1 in osteoblasts. Moreover, Lactoferrin-promoted autophagy was reversed by BCL2 overexpression or Beclin1 inhibition with spautin-1 in osteoblasts. In conclusion, Lactoferrin can inhibit BCL2 expression in osteoblasts, further enhancing Beclin1-dependent autophagy activation.
Knowledge, Barriers, and Motivators to Cervical Cancer Screening in Rwanda: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Gafaranga Jean Pierre , Manirakiza Felix , Ndagijimana Emmanuel , Ulimubabo Jean Christian , Karenzi David Irenée , Muhawenayo Esperance , Gashugi Phophina , Nyirasebura Dancille , Rugwizangoga Belson 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is a global public health problem with marked geographical disparity. There are high morbidity and mortality rates in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) associated with low screening rates. In 2020, in Rwanda, 3.7 million women aged 15–59 years were at risk of developing cervical cancer. It is the most commonly diagnosed female cancer in Rwanda with an incidence rate of 42 cases per 100,000 women per year. Despite Rwanda being the first African country to vaccinate against human papillomavirus (HPV) with a three-dose regimen, vaccination coverage of nearly 93 % in the target population of girls aged < 15 years, and having an established cervical cancer screening program, recent studies have found low screening rates. Our study sought to determine knowledge, motivators, and barriers to cervical cancer screening.Methods: This was a qualitative phenomenological study conducted in an urban health facility (Muhima district hospital) and a rural health center (Nyagasambu health center) offering cervical screening services in Rwanda. Focus group discussion (FGD) participants were women seeking these services and other women attending the health facility for any reason, as well as female staff working in these health centers. We also interviewed a key informant (KI) from the national organization. FGD and KI interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: Thirty women were enrolled in the FGDs, with an average age of 39 years. Many FGD women showed knowledge about cervical cancer existence and prevention methods. However, fear for pain, lack of knowledge about screening, how and where the screening was done, and privacy concerns were recurring subthemes. Key-informant and some FGDs participants have also mentioned a lack of health insurance as a possible barrier for cervical cancer screening.Conclusions: Barriers to the utilization of cervical cancer screening program in Rwanda are related to poor information about cervical cancer and the importance of screening among women, as well non-adherence to medical insurance schemes. Population sensitization through campaign and community outreach activities could have a positive impact on increasing the uptake of cervical cancer screening in Rwanda.
K-Clustering for the Recognition of Moving Entity by Wireless Sensor Networks Using Deep Learning
Authors: R Thiyagarajan , V Balajivijayan , D Rajalakshmi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
For the detection of the moving entity, a deep learning algorithm is used. To detect the complex type of situations, real-time monitoring of a moving object has to be detected. Using the deep learning method, wireless sensor networks are diagnosed using virtual representation features. Using the k-clustering technique, it achieves the target detection and can determine the positioning. It can determine the characteristics based on the precision. The wireless sensor networks are proposed and analyzed by means of a statistical approach. Statistical way of clustering up of the data detects the precision rate and its positioning state. The positioning method eventually reduces the error which accumulates the efficiency. The main advantages are the robustness and efficiency to improve the performance. These moving targets can be detected with less computational cost. In the field of pervasive computing, the recognition of a moving target can be improvised. The sensor node transmits the information, i.e., communication to nodes. In this paper, the researches focus on wireless sensor data along with a moving entity. This research is mainly used in healthcare and AI-based applications. By using the IoT with wireless sensor networks, the detection of a moving entity can be determined by using the combination of k-clustering algorithms. This deep learning algorithm reduces the time complexity and determines integrity in data.
Contextual and Psychological Factors Influencing Open Defecation Free Status: An Exploratory Qualitative Study in Rural South Western Uganda
Authors: Ntaro Moses , Owokuhaisa Judith , Isunju John Bosco , Mulogo Edgar , Ssempebwa John 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
IntroductionAchieving the Open defecation free (ODF) status remains a major challenge in Uganda, yet it contributes significantly to child health improvement. Literature on social, cultural and behavioral aspects that influence the ODF status in rural Uganda is limited. The study therefore, explored perceived factors influencing the ODF status in rural South Western Uganda.MethodsAn exploratory study employing qualitative techniques and based on deductive analysis between month December 2020 and January 2021 was conducted. Seven Focus Group Discussions (FGDs and three Key Informant Interviews (KIs) were conducted in Kabale District, southwestern Uganda. Focus Group Discussion participants were mothers and fathers having children of two years and below while KIIs included local community leaders and health extension workers. Data was analyzed using a categorization matrix derived from the Risks, Attitudes, Norms, Abilities, and Self-regulation (RANAS) model which is comprised of contextual and psychological factors. Text was further categorized into high and low statements for attainment of ODF status. Results The contextual factors influencing the Open Defecation Free status behavior included; farming activities far from home, financial constraints, rainy seasons, collapsible soft soils, and alcohol use. Psychological factors influencing ODF status included; perceived health risk for typhoid disease, low perceived severity for lack of ODF components, negative attitude of less value attached to ODF components, and a feeling of time wastage practicing ODF status behavior. The perception that the community has the ability to attain the ODF status was high. Although, the capability to maintain ODF was low when it comes to replacement of ODF component if stolen or destroyed. ConclusionOpen Defecation Free status is influenced by contextual and psychological factors. Therefore, it’s crucial for sanitation promotors to always identify such context specific factors in order to design sanitation and hygiene promotion interventions to address the ODF free status related challenges.
Post-Cardiotomy Pericardial Effusion and Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation Risk
Authors: Kikuchi Yuta , Saijo Yasuaki , Narita Masahiko , Shibagaki Keisuke , Okubo Ryo , Kunioka Shingo , Shirasaka Tomonori , Kamiya Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
PurposePostoperative atrial fibrillation is a poor prognostic factor that increases mortality rates. We have observed that patients who experienced significant pericardial effusion developed postoperative atrial fibrillation; however, little research has been conducted examining the association between postoperative atrial fibrillation and post-cardiotomy pericardial effusion.MethodsThis retrospective, single-center study included adult patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery via median sternotomy from January 2016 to December 2019. Patients who underwent routine postoperative computed tomography at 7±3 days after surgery (n = 294) were included. Pericardial effusion was measured at its thickest point. Patients were classified into groups with (n = 127) and without (n = 167) postoperative atrial fibrillation, and the association of pericardial effusion with other factors was evaluated. A possible confounder adjusted logistic regression analysis after multiple imputation was performed to obtain odds ratios for postoperative atrial fibrillation using previously published risk factors.ResultsAge, intraoperative bleeding volume, and pericardial effusion size were all significantly higher in the group with postoperative atrial fibrillation. Multivariate logistic regression after multiple imputation revealed that age, intraoperative bleeding volume, and postoperative pericardial effusion were significantly associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study focusing on the relationship between post-cardiotomy pericardial effusion and postoperative atrial fibrillation. Our findings showed that post-cardiotomy pericardial effusion is associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation. However, causality remains unknown, making further studies mandatory.
Feasibility Study on Topological Optimisation And Additive Manufacturing of An Electric Vehicle Battery Housing
Authors: Yeong Wai Yee , Sing Swee Leong , Aman Bashu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) are in the incipient stage today and have the capacity to lead the automobile sector in the future. Battery packs of an electric vehicle are held by a large battery housing located at the bottom of the car body. The battery pack contributes significantly to the vehicle’s overall weight. Reduction of the overall weight of the future cars is a designer’s priority today. The aim to reduce weight can be achieved using topological optimisation. The optimised design is complex and therefore requires freeform fabrication. Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing allows the fabrication of complex structures, hence, enables the fabrication of topological optimised parts without compromising on the part performance. In this paper, the topological optimisation of an electric vehicle battery housing is carried out to reduce the weight of the housing. Certain parts of the battery housing are removed and modified to get the final design. The physical, geometric, and performance aspects of the re-designed and original battery housing are compared. Additionally, the feasibility of the fabrication of the re-designed battery housing is discussed through support structures generation and feasibility index. Different AM methods such as powder bed fusion (PBF) and directed energy deposition (DED) are analysed on the basis of advantages and limitations. Finally, a suitable AM technique, selective laser melting (SLM), is chosen to fabricate the topological optimised battery housing.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Primary Brain Abscess: a Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Huang Junying , Wu Haining , Huang Honghong , Wu Weiqi , Wu Bowen , Wang Lingxing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients with primary brain abscess often present with atypical symptoms, and the outcome is varied. We investigated the demographic, laboratory, and neuroimaging features of patients with brain abscess at our hospital and identified factors associated with their outcome.Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of patients diagnosed with primary brain abscess at our hospital between January 2011 and December 2020. Their clinical characteristics, predisposing factors, laboratory and neuroimaging findings, treatment, and outcome were analyzed. Results: Of the 57 patients diagnosed with primary abscess, 51 (89.47%) were older than 40 years and 42 (73.68%) were male. Only eight patients (14.04%) showed the classical triad of headache, fever, and focal neurological deficit. Fourteen patients (24.56%) had comorbidities, of which diabetes mellitus was the most common. Positive pus cultures were obtained in 46.15% of the patients, and gram-negative enteric bacteria were found in 33.33% of them, with Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most frequently observed. Surgical treatment, most commonly in the form of stereotactic drainage, was received by 54.39% of the patients. Good outcomes were achieved in 75.44% of the patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients with headache were more likely to have a poor outcome (odds ratio 6.010, 95% confidence interval 1.114–32.407, p = 0.037).Conclusions: Male patients and those older than 40 years were more susceptible to brain abscess than female patients and those younger than 40 years, respectively. Only a few patients showed the classical triad of clinical symptoms. Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity. Positive pus culture results were uncommon, with gram-negative enteric bacteria, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae, being the main organisms found. Most patients had a good outcome, and the presence of headache may influence the outcome.