bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the program for medical male circumcision on HIV in South Africa: analysis using three epidemiological models
Authors: Korenromp Eline L. , Bershteyn Anna , Mudimu Edina , Weiner Renay , Bonecwe Collen , Loykissoonlal Dayanund , Manuhwa Clarence , Pretorius Carel , Teng Yu , Stover John , Johnson Leigh F. 
Published: January 2021

Background: South Africa began offering medical male circumcision (MMC) in 2010. We evaluated the current and future impact of this program to see if it is effective in preventing new HIV infections. Methods: The Thembisa, Goals and Epidemiological Modeling Software (EMOD) HIV transmission models were calibrated to South Africa’s HIV epidemic, fitting to household survey data on HIV prevalence, risk behaviors, and proportions of men circumcised, and to programmatic data on intervention roll-out including program-reported MMCs over 2009-2017. We compared the actual program accomplishments through 2017 and program targets through 2021 with a counterfactual scenario of no MMC program. Results: The MMC program averted 71,000-83,000 new HIV infections from 2010 to 2017. The future benefit of the circumcision already conducted will grow to 496,000-518,000 infections (6-7% of all new infections) by 2030. If program targets are met by 2021 the benefits will increase to 723,000-760,000 infections averted by 2030. The cost would be $1,070-1,220 per infection averted relative to no MMC. The savings from averted treatment needs would become larger than the costs of the MMC program around 2034-2039. In the Thembisa model, when modelling South Africa’s 9 provinces individually, the 9-provinces-aggregate results were similar to those of the single national model. Across provinces, projected long-term impacts were largest in Free State, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga (23-27% reduction over 2017-2030), reflecting these provinces’ greater MMC scale-up. Conclusions: MMC has already had a modest impact on HIV incidence in South Africa and can substantially impact South Africa’s HIV epidemic in the coming years.
Piloting the objective measurement of eating weight and speed at a population scale: a nested study within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Authors: Wade Kaitlin H. , Clifford Laura , Simpkin Andrew J. , Beynon Rhona , Birch Laura , Northstone Kate , Matthews Sarah , Davey Smith George , Hamilton-Shield Julian , Timpson Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Effective measurement and adaption of eating behaviours, such as eating speed, may improve weight loss and weight over time. We assessed whether the Mandometer, a portable weighing scale connected to a computer that generates a graph of food removal rate from the plate to which it is connected, together with photo-imaging of food, might prove an effective approach to measuring eating behaviours at large scale. Methods: We deployed the Mandometer in the home environment to measure main meals over three days of 95 21-year-old participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We used multi-level models to describe food weight and eating speed and, as exemplar analyses, examined the relationship of eating behaviours with body mass index (BMI), dietary composition (fat content) and genotypic variation (the FTO rs9939609 variant). Using this pilot data, we calculated the sample size required to detect differences in food weight and eating speed between groups of an exposure variable. Results: All participants were able to use the Mandometer effectively after brief training. In exemplar analyses, evidence suggested that obese participants consumed more food than those of "normal" weight (i.e., BMI 19 to <25 kg/m2) and that A/A FTO homozygotes (an indicator of higher weight) ate at a faster rate compared to T/T homozygotes. There was also some evidence that those with a high-fat diet consumed less food than those with a low-fat diet, but no strong evidence that individuals with medium- or high-fat diets ate at a faster rate. Conclusions: We demonstrated the potential for assessing eating weight and speed in a short-term home setting and combining this with information in a research setting. This study may offer the opportunity to design interventions tailored for at-risk eating behaviours, offering advantages over the “one size fits all” approach of current failing obesity interventions.
Impact of baseline cases of cough and fever on UK COVID-19 diagnostic testing rates: estimates from the Bug Watch community cohort study
Authors: Eyre Max T. , Burns Rachel , Kirkby Victoria , Smith Catherine , Denaxas Spiros , Nguyen Vincent , Hayward Andrew , Shallcross Laura , Fragaszy Ellen , Aldridge Robert W. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Diagnostic testing forms a major part of the UK’s response to the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with tests offered to anyone with a continuous cough, high temperature or anosmia. Testing capacity must be sufficient during the winter respiratory season when levels of cough and fever are high due to non-COVID-19 causes. This study aims to make predictions about the contribution of baseline cough or fever to future testing demand in the UK. Methods: In this analysis of the Bug Watch community cohort study, we estimated the incidence of cough or fever in England in 2018-2019. We then estimated the COVID-19 diagnostic testing rates required in the UK for baseline cough or fever cases for the period July 2020-June 2021. This was explored for different rates of the population requesting tests, four COVID-19 second wave scenarios and high and low baseline cough or fever incidence scenarios. Results: Under the high baseline cough or fever scenario, incidence in the UK is expected to rise rapidly from 250,708 (95%CI 181,095 - 347,080) cases per day in September to a peak of 444,660 (95%CI 353,084 - 559,988) in December. If 80% of these cases request tests, testing demand would exceed 1.4 million tests per week for five consecutive months. Demand was significantly lower in the low cough or fever incidence scenario, with 129,115 (95%CI 111,596 - 151,679) tests per day in January 2021, compared to 340,921 (95%CI 276,039 - 424,491) tests per day in the higher incidence scenario. Conclusions: Our results show that national COVID-19 testing demand is highly dependent on background cough or fever incidence. This study highlights that the UK’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic must ensure that a high proportion of people with symptoms request tests, and that testing capacity is sufficient to meet the high predicted demand.
Cater to Thy Client: Analyst Responsiveness to Institutional Investor Attention
Authors: Chiu Peng-Chia , Lourie Ben , Nekrasov Alexander , Teoh Siew Hong 
Published: January 2021

We study how institutional investor attention to a firm affects the timeliness of analysts’ forecasts for that firm. We measure abnormal institutional attention (AIA) using Bloomberg news search activity for the firm on earnings announcement days. We find that analysts issue more timely forecasts when AIA is high on the earnings announcement day. Analyst responsiveness to AIA is stronger when analysts have more resources and experience and weaker when the AIA of other covered firms is high. Analysts who respond more to AIA are more likely to be named all-star analysts and less likely to be demoted to a smaller brokerage. We address endogeneity concerns using a measure of expected AIA that is unaffected by concurrent information. Our findings suggest that responsiveness to institutional attention influences the production of analyst research and analysts’ career outcomes. This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.
An assessment of the reproduction, predation, and nesting behavior of Sulawesi Masked-owl (Tyto rosenbergii) in oil palm plantation: A case study of West and Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Mulyana Ade Nendi , PRIYAMBODO SWASTIKO , TRIWIDODO HERMANU , HENDARJANTI HENNY , SAHARI BANDUNG 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Mulyana AN, Proyambodo S, Triwidodo H, Hendarjanti H, Sahari B. 2020. An assessment of the reproduction, predation, and nesting behavior of Sulawesi Masked-owl (Tyto rosenbergii) in oil palm plantation: A case study of West and Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5685-5689. The quality and quantity of yield in palm plantations are reduced due to inevitable factors such as pests, diseases, and weeds. Furthermore, owls (Tytonidae) play a role as potential predators to control rats, the major pest. Therefore, this study aims to observe the reproduction patterns, predation, and nesting behavior of Tyto rosenbergii. To achieve this, direct observation and the installation of a camera trap in the nest box was adopted. Furthermore, a predation test was carried out by feeding the owls with rats daily in a cage measuring 4m x 8m x 6m. The results showed that the number of eggs produced ranged from 2 to 6, with an average of 3.85. Also, the Percentage of hatching ranges between 0-100% with an average of 80.77%, and that of chicks that survive to the fully feathered is 51%. In addition, T. rosenbergii was able to prey on 1-4 rats per night, and its activity mostly occurs outside the cage than inside, except when they had a reproductive season.
Characteristics of Sediment at Littoral Zone of Anoi Itam Beach (Eastern Weh Island, Indonesia) Based on Seasonal Changes
Authors: Purnawan Syahrul , Karina Sofyatuddin , Ayudia Rizka V , Ilhamsyah Yopi , Setiawan Ichsan 
Published: January 2021

Anoi Itam Beach (AIB), located in the eastern part of Weh Island, has the sediment characteristic of dark-sand color. Climatologically, the beach is influenced by two seasons, i.e., south-west (SW) monsoon and northeast (NE) monsoon. Sediment data are collected in the upper and lower littoral zones that are divided into six stations alongshore. Data were collected on October 2016 and April 2017, representing post (SW) monsoon and post-NE monsoon events. To examine the effect of seasonal, sediments statistics, e.g., mean, sorting, skewness, and kurtosis, have been calculated. AIB was characterized as well sorted to poorly sorted sediment. Sediments were identified as mesokurtic in October, varied to leptokurtic and platikurtic in upper littoral and lower littoral, respectively, in April. Grain size in both upper and lower littoral had increased from October to April. The impact on sediment sortation was minor due to the seasonal difference. Sediments in the upper littoral vary slightly skewed than lower littoral, which response to a more positively skewed during seasonal change from SW-monsoon to NE monsoon. The results suggested that lower littoral provide high variability of sediment characteristics depend on the season.
Traditional Acehnese House: Constructing Architecture by Responding to the Power of Nature in Relation to the Local Wisdom Values
Authors: Izziah Izziah , Sari Laina Hilma , Meutia Erna , Irwansyah Mirza 
Published: January 2021

The existence of traditional houses in Banda Aceh has been extinguished in modern times. With globalization's impact, the traditional house connotates as ‘old house style,’ and thus, the house style is not up to date. A large number of house owners demolish them and reconstruct them with new modern houses. Despite that, it is approved that the traditional houses of Aceh were survived the earthquake that frequently hit the region. As Banda Aceh is one of the regions resided on Sumatran's segment, the region has a large number of earthquakes. This paper, which is part of the previous study on the thermal comfort of traditional and modern houses in Aceh, explores a historical architectural example that reveals local experiences that involve local wisdom and expertise. This paper focuses on a traditional house located in a modern housing neighborhood in Banda Aceh city. In doing this, the paper identifies how Acehnese ancestors, through their local knowledge, have constructed a traditional Acehnese house. The article also shows how its architectural form's construction techniques respond to the region's geographical condition. In constructing this study, interview and observation toward the building as primary data collections are conducted. Also, several written sources, as secondary data, related to an Acehnese traditional house, are reviewed. This paper shows that constructing a conventional house is a responsive architecture toward hot climate and earthquake. Therefore, this architectural building type with the local wisdom value's involvement is worthy of being applied and adapted in modern life.
Nonlinear calibration of frequency modulated continuous wave LIDAR based on a microresonator soliton comb
Authors: Jia Linhua , Wang Yang , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Fumin , Wang Weiqiang , Wang Jindong , Zheng Jihui , Chen Jiawei , Song Mingyu , Ma Xin , Yuan Meiyan , Little Brent , Chu Sai Tek , Cheng Dong , Qu Xinghua , Zhao Wei , Zhang Wenfu 
Published: January 2021

Traditional frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) LIDAR ranging is based on heterodyne detection, calculating unknown distance by extracting the frequency of the interference signal, while the main error source is frequency modulation (FM) nonlinearity. In this paper, a ranging system based on a microresonator soliton comb is demonstrated to correct the nonlinearity by sampling the ranging signals at equal frequency intervals, producing a ranging error lower than 20 µm, while at the range of 2 m. Advantages of fast data acquisition, light computation requirements, and a simple optical path, without long optical fiber, give this method a high practical value in precision manufacturing.
Amianthoid transformation of costal cartilage matrix in children with pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum
Authors: Kurkov Alexandr , Guller Anna , Fayzullin Alexey , Fayzullinа Nafisa , Plyakin Vladimir , Kotova Svetlana , Timashev Petr , Frolova Anastasia , Kurtak Nikita , Paukov Vyacheslav , Shekhter Anatoly 
Published: January 2021

Background
It is unclear if amianthoid transformation (AT) of costal cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) has an impact on the development of pectus excavatum (PE) and pectus carinatum (PC).

Methods
AT foci were examined in intrasurgical biopsy specimens of costal cartilages of children (8–17 years old) with PE (n = 12) and PC (n = 12) and in age-matching autopsy control samples (n = 10) using histological and immunohistochemical staining, atomic force and nonlinear optical microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, morphometry and statistics.

Results
AT areas were identified in the costal cartilage ECM in children with normal chest, PE and PC. Each type of the AT areas (“canonical”, “intertwined”, “fine-fibred” and “intralacunary”) had a unique morphological pattern of thickness and alignment of amianthoid fibers (AFs). AFs were formed via lateral aggregation of collagen type II fibrils in the intact ECM. Foci of the AT were observed significantly more frequently in the PE and PC groups. The AT areas had unique quantitative features in each study group.

Conclusion
AT is a structurally diverse form of ECM alteration present in healthy and pathological costal cartilage. PE and PC are associated with specific AT disorders.
Why are self-medication opportunities limited in Austria? An interview study and comparison with other countries
Authors: Gauld Natalie J. , Baumgärtel Christoph A. , Buetow Stephen A. 
Published: January 2021

Background
Austria has high health resource use compared to similar countries. Reclassifying (switching) medicines from prescription to non-prescription can reduce pressure on health resources and aid timely access to medicines. Since Austria is less progressive in this area than many other countries, this research aimed to elucidate enablers and barriers to it reclassifying medicines and make recommendations for change in the context of similar research conducted elsewhere.

Methods
Qualitative research using a heuristic approach was conducted in Austria in 2018. Informed by their own “insider” and “outsider” knowledge, the authors identified themes from personal interviews with 24 participants, including reclassification committee members, government officials and stakeholders, before comparing these themes with earlier research findings.

Results
Significant barriers to reclassification included committee conservatism, minimal political support, medical negativity and few company applications. Insufficient transparency about committee decisions, expectations of adverse committee decisions and a limited market discouraged company applications. Austria’s ‘social partnership’ arrangement and consensus decision making aided a conservative approach, but the regulator and an alternative non-committee switch process were enabling. Pharmacy showed mixed interest in reclassification. Suggested improvements include increasing transparency, committee composition changes, encouraging a more evidence-based approach by the committee, more pharmacy undergraduate clinical training, and companies using scientific advisory meetings and submitting high quality applications.

Conclusion
Removing barriers to reclassification would facilitate non-prescription availability of medicines and encourage self-care, and could reduce pressure on healthcare resources.
Knowledge of COVID-19 and preventive behaviors among waiters working in food and drinking establishments in Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Qanche Qaro , Asefa Adane , Nigussie Tadesse , Hailemariam Shewangizaw , Duguma Tadesse 
Published: January 2021

Background
Waiters working in different food and drinking establishments have a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 and transmitting the infection to others because they interact with many people. Most COVID-19 related studies in Ethiopia mainly focused on the general population, whereas, this study aimed to assess the knowledge of COVID-19 and preventive behaviors among waiters in Southwest Ethiopia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1 to June 15, 2020, among waiters working in food and drinking establishments found in Mizan-Aman, Jemu, and Masha towns in Southwest Ethiopia. A total of 422 waiters were selected using a simple random sampling technique, and the data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi-data manager version 4.0.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify predictors of good preventive behaviors at a p-value of less than 0.05.

Results
Four hundred and sixteen respondents participated in this study, with a response rate of 98.6%. A significant proportion of participants know the cause, route of transmission, symptoms, and prevention methods of COVID-19 virus. However, very few (21.2%) had good preventive behaviors. The study showed that good preventive behavior was positively associated with female sex (AOR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.38–3.94), higher schooling (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17–0.88), high-risk perception (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.51–4.32), and high perceived self-efficacy (AOR = 1.1.75, 95% CI: 1.05–2.90).

Conclusions
A significant proportion of waiters know common symptoms of COVID 19, route of transmission, and its prevention methods. However, the preventive behavior was very low. Thus, all concerned bodies working on the prevention and control of COVID-19 should give attention to this population group to enhance compliance with recommended preventive behaviors.
Чешский фразеологизм modré pondělí ‘синий понедельникʼ на иноязычном фоне: от архаики до неологии
Authors: Danilenko Ljudmiła 
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена вопросу о происхождении чешского фразеологизма modré pondělí ʻсиний понедельникʼ в двух его значениях: архаическом ʻне работать в понедельникʼ и новом ʻсамый депрессивный день в годуʼ. Благодаря изучению документов и работ по истории ремесел в Богемии, а также диалектной лексики выясняются истоки обычая. Автор развивает этимологическую гипотезу братьев Гримм. Название „синий” связано с обрядами средневекового карнавала перед началом Великого поста. Впервые проводится сопоставление с традицией свободного от работы понедельника, которая существовала в украинской народной культуре только для замужних женщин, причем это право оговаривалось в брачном договоре. На основе совокупности лингвистических, исторических и этнографических данных автор приходит к выводу, что общий для германцев и славян мотив „синего понедельника” развивался дважды: в одном случае как фрагмент средневековой традиции, а в другом – как элемент современного маркетингового приема с учетом символики синего цвета и суеверного представления о понедельнике как тяжелом дне недели.
Конституционные Права Работников На Правовую Защиту И Определенность (Constitutional Rights of Workers in Obtaining Protection and Legal Certainty)
Authors: Yunus Nur Rohim , Rezki Annissa , Anggraeni RR Dewi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:There are so many conflicts between companies and workers, and these conflicts often end up in court. At certain moments workers are declared winners and the company is obliged to pay the right to obligations as a provider of labor. Workers hope to receive all rights and be protected by law which can overshadow and protect the existence of workers, both individually and as a group. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methodology and refers to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia as the main legal foundation and other laws and regulations.Keywords: Legal Protection, Constitutional Rights, Workers' Rights Аннотация:Существует много конфликтов между компаниями и работниками, и эти конфликты часто заканчиваются в суде. Бывают случаи, когда работники объявляются победителями, и компания обязана оплачивать права по обязательствам как работодатель. Рабочие надеются получить все свои права и быть защищены законом как индивидуально, так и в составе группы. В этом исследовании используется описательно-качественная методология исследования и упоминается Конституция Индонезии 1945 года в качестве основного правового закона и другие законодательные акты, представленные ниже.Ключевые слова: Правовая защита, Конституционные права, Права работников
КОСВЕННАЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ ПОДДЕРЖКА НАУКОЁМКОГО СЕКТОРА ЭКОНОМИКИ: КРЕДИТНО-ФИНАНСОВЫЕ И ИНФРАСТРУКТУРНЫЕ РЕШЕНИЯ
Authors: Передерий Марина Викторовна , Говрьков Александр Александрович 
Published: January 2021

Проанализированы различные подходы к организации косвенной поддержки наукоёмкого сектора экономики. Показано, что наиболее эффективными в условиях современной России являются поддержка межкорпоративной кооперации предприятий-инноваторов и содействие созданию и развитию инновационной инфраструктуры, в т. ч. ― транспортной системы снабжения инновационных предприятий с использованием интермодальных перевозок.