bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convalescent plasma therapy in COVID-19 and discharge status
Authors: Agarwal Neeraj , Mishra Shradha , Ayub Arshad 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
Covid19 has emerged as a greatest threat of the decade worldwide. At present there is no certain treatment for treating coronavirus diseases, while some antiviral drugs (Remdesivir , Lopinavir and Ritonavir) are under investigation. Many countries including India have adopted the convalescent plasma therapy in the treatment of moderate to severely ill patients. Despite the treatment being given ,there are no such evidences on the utility and efficacy of convalescent plasma.Hence this study tries to find out the impact on the discharge status from hospital of the patients receiving the very therapy.

Design:
Systematic review and meta analysis.

Setting:
An extensive search was made, following PRISMA guidelines on online databases such as Pubmed, Google scholar and Science direct.Studies those fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria ,were included and reviewed and analyzed for a common outcome(discharge status).

Participants:
A total of 6 eligible studies were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively which included three case control, two case series and one case report.

Results:
The overall pooled discharge rate from the above studies was 75.7% after the CP therapy. When analyzed for relative risk , it showed CP therapy having a lower risk of staying in hospital (not getting discharged) when compared to Standard therapy ,overall RR (relative risk) being 0.946.

Conclusion:
Our study shows that there is always a higher rate of discharge and low risk of prolonged hospital stay in those patients who receive plasma therapy. CP therapy being a low cost and easy to administer therapy with very less adverse events, requires more focus on further research as it has a potential to become an ideal effective treatment option for COVID-19.
Prevalence and pattern of geriatric emergencies in a teaching hospital of North India
Authors: Kaeley Nidhi , Kumar Jainendra , Kumar Manish , Vempalli Nagasubramanyam , Dhar Mridul , Bhardwaj Bharat B , Kumar Subodh , Kabi Ankita , Arora Poonam 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Changing demographic patterns worldwide and improvement in healthcarehas contributed to increasing visits to the emergency department byelderly patients. Geriatric patients usually have multiple co-morbidities and declining physiological functional status. This complex interplay of various factors requires a specific and curated approach from the emergency physicians.Our aim was to study the pattern and prevalence of geriatric emergencies and the profile of infectious and non-infectious causes of fever in geriatric population in our tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective descriptive study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital of north India and included all patients aged more than 18 years who visited the emergency department over a period of six months (July 2018 to December 2018). Detailed data regarding demographic, clinical and diagnosis was obtained retrospectively from the hospital records system. The patients were divided into two groups, age less than 60 years and elderly patients more than 60 years of age for comparison.

Results:
A total of 24768 patients above the age of 18 years visited the emergency department over a period of six months. Out of which 5399 (27.5%) patients belonged to the geriatric age group more than 60 years of age. 2474 (45.8%) geriatric age group patientswere triaged to critical areas level one and level two as compared to 4668 (24.1%) patients aged less than 60 years. Ninety (1.8%) geriatric patients succumbed to death as compared to 77 (0.4%) patients aged less than 60 years. 651 (21.9%) geriatric patients were shifted to intensive care unit as opposed to 1038 (14.8%) patients of the younger age group.226 (4.2%) geriatric patients presented with fever in the emergency department.116 (73.4%) patients having underlying co-morbidities , had fever due to infectious causes whereas 42 ( 26.5%) patients had fever due to non-infectious causes.

Conclusion:
The clinical presentation mortality and morbidity pattern of geriatric patients differs significantly from that of younger population and requires a customized approach and dedicated emergency setups.
Magnitude and determinants of “Social Capital” among women in reproductive age group - A cross-sectional study from rural Wardha, Central India
Authors: Ikhar Madhuri , Banerjee Sitikantha , Bandyopadhyay Kajari , Tiwari Mithilesh K. , Kumar Manoj , Deshmukh Pradeep 
Published: November 2021

Context:
Social capital reflects the trust, norms, values and social processes that governs interaction among people.

Aim:
This study was conducted to estimate the magnitude and determinants of social capital among women of reproductive age group in selected village of rural Wardha, Central India.

Materials and Methods:
It was a community based cross-sectional study where two stage cluster sampling technique was used to select 300 participants from 22 villages. Data were collected using a pre-designed interviewer administered questionnaire by house-to-house survey. Social capital was measured using the core set of Integrated Questionnaire for the Measurement of Social Capital developed by World Bank.

Statistical Analysis:
Multivariate linear regression was applied to find out determinants of social capital.

Results:
Most of the participants had poor social capital score (women having lowest and middle tertile scores were 36.0% and 45%, respectively). social capital poorer in younger women, women with lower educational qualification, not involved in gainful occupation, belonging to below poverty line and unmarried compared to their counterparts. Having at least one son was positively associated with higher social capital. In adjusted analysis, age, education, occupation, marital status, and whether the woman has son were revealed as significant determinants of social capital.

Conclusion:
The study findings reflect the need of improving education and job opportunity among rural women to improve their social capital. Increase of social capital among women having male child reflects the need to percolate the message of gender equity and gender sensitive education.
Understanding social problems during lockdown and its relationship to perceived stress - An online survey among adult residents of India
Authors: Ghosh Ritu , Jana Pulak K. , Bhattacharya Saikat , Mallik Sarmila 
Published: November 2021

Context:
Nationwide lock down imposed due to Covid 19 might bring about various social problems, constraints in availing essential services, difficulty in taking care of morbid elderly persons and inaccessibility to health care which can lead to stress.

Aims:
To identify social problems among adult Indian residents during lockdown period, to assess perceived stress among them and to identify the factors associated with it.

Settings and Design:
The study was conducted through the online platform using a google form among adult residents of India. Perceived stress was assessed by Perceived Stress Scale 10.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were analysed using SPSS version 16.0., using chi square, Odd’s Ratio and binary logistic regression.

Results:
One fourth of the respondents faced economic problem, 11.7% of them had experienced some sort of violence and worsening of familial relationship. The problems encountered in seeking care were chi square test due to non availability of transportation facilities and health services. Overall 80.78% of the respondents were observed to have moderate and high levels of perceived stress. Multivariate analysis revealed single marital status, owing a debt and experiencing violence had 1.62, 1.8 and 9 times higher odds of having moderate to high perceived stress. Violence was identified as its chief correlate.

Conclusions:
The present study found negative economic and social consequences on the Indian population and also posed an enormous psychological stress due to sudden lock down in pandemic situation.
Effect of pandemic on Quality of life in Diabetics (QOLID) assessment
Authors: Meher Dayanidhi , Kar Sonali 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Quality of life in Diabetics (QOLID) questionnaire is a validated tool to assess the quality of life affected by diagnosed diabetic patients and has 8 sub domains, which are essential factors that have proven effect on the management. In a state of art Diabetic clinic in Bhubaneswar city, the tool was used to add more quality to diabetic management.

Methods:
The ongoing assessment through the months of 2020 (study period being from December 2019 to August 2020), offered an opportunity to assess the effect of the pandemic on QOLID scores and review some nascent or strong factors which may be affecting chronic disease management.

Results:
Complete data could be collected from 599 subjects, 343 from pre pandemic and 256 from pandemic period. The overall scores which were on 100, did not show any significant difference for pre covid and the Covid period, interestingly nearly 1.93 points better in Covid period (69.69±11.10 vs71.62±8.49; p=0.396). Mild difference in overall scores of 4.82 points is seen in females in Covid period; and as seen in age group data maximum gain in sub domains, more for females is seen in the emotional and mental health. Though women reporting to the clinic in both periods are usually in 1:2 ratios, as against men; but QOLID scores in both men and women in Covid period was 71 to 80 points. After the univariate analysis for significant factors, it was that Covid (1.50; 1.08 - 2.07); compliance to medications (2.27; 1.48 - 3.50) and reporting of all diabetic complications especially that of eye and depression are coming out to be strong associative factors to affect QOLID scores. Interestingly, rising education has a protective effect on QOLID scores that was significant as higher awareness and better job or earning opportunities may be a contributor for higher QOLID scores for the well educated.

Conclusion:
This brings out a strong emphasis on QOL assessments to be made an inbuilt part of Diabetic management at all centers to maximize treatment outcomes
The impact of critical thinking training using critical thinking cards on clinical decision-making of CCU nurses
Authors: Jalalpour Hamideh , Jahani Simin , Asadizaker Marziyeh , Sharhani Asaad , Heybar Habib 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Due to the complexity of the situation and rapid changes in patients’ clinical status in intensive care units, it is necessary to teach decision-making skills to nurses, alongside critical thinking. The aim of this study was to evaluate critical thinking training by using critical thinking cards on clinical decision-making of nurses in cardiac care units (CCU).

Methods:
In this quasi-experimental study, 74 CCU nurses from the selected hospitals affiliated to Ahvaz and Dezful Universities of Medical Sciences were selected based on the inclusion criteria and were assigned to either the intervention or the control group by using permuted block randomization. The data were entered into SPSS V22 and analyzed.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference between the demographic characteristics of the two groups (P < 0.05). The mean total score of nurses’ clinical decision-making before training sessions in the intervention group was calculated to be 141.59 ± 10.76, which was lower compared to a score of 148.56 ± 10.95 in the control group (P = 0.011). Therefore, covariance analysis was used to modify the results. The mean total score of nurses’ clinical decision-making after the training in the intervention group was calculated as 163.82 ± 8.83, indicating a significant increase compared to a score of 154.50 ± 11.25 in the control group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The findings of the present study show that the education of critical thinking by using the critical card tool leads to improved clinical decision-making in CCU nurses.
A cross-sectional survey of knowledge, attitude, and practices toward dengue fever among health workers in a tertiary health institution in Sokoto state, Nigeria
Authors: Oche Oche Mansur , Yahaya Musa , Oladigbolu Remi Abiola , Ango Jessica Timane , Okafoagu Christina Nneka , Ezenwoko Zainab , Ijapa Adamu , Danmadami Abdulaziz Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Dengue fever (DF) has become a disease of public health concern. It is a mosquito-borne virus infection caused by one of the four serotypes of the dengue virus, and the disease is prevalent in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with a global burden in the Americas. Yearly, about 390 million cases of new infection are estimated to occur.

Aims of the Study:
This study was aimed atdetermining the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding dengue fever amongst health workers in a tertiary health institution in Sokoto state , Nigeria.

Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, among 367 health-care workers who had worked in the hospital for at least 1 year before the study were selected using a systematic sampling method. Data were collected by trained resident doctors using a standardized, pretested questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 20 with a significance set at P > 0.05.

Results:
There was high awareness (95.1%) among the respondents, with seminars and lectures in school as the most familiar information sources. A more significant proportion, 87.8%, 93.2%, and 76.6%, of the respondents had adequate knowledge, positive attitude, and appropriate DF practice, respectively. Nurses and laboratory scientists had higher practice scores compared to other health-care workers (P = 0.016).

Conclusion:
Capacity building of health-care workers, especially the primary care physicians on surveillance, proper diagnosis, and treatment, is needed to avoid missing cases or misdiagnosis of cases, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries with limited health resources care service delivery.
Parental perception of oral health-related quality of life in children with autism. An observational study
Authors: Prakash Jayant , Das Indrani , Bindal Ruchi , Shivu ME , Sidhu Sandeep , Kak Vasudha , Kumar Avanindra 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Autism is reportedly the most severe neuropsychiatric disorder affecting children. Autistic subjects can be characterized by impairments in social interactive behavior along with restricted interests and quite frequently, are seen exhibiting repetitive behavior patterns in stereotyped manner. The inability to perform routine tasks can widely impact the oral health and also, the constant care and sense of helplessness might drastically affect quality of life.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess the oral health status and perceptions regarding an autistic child’s oral health among parents.

Materials and Methods:
Parental perception regarding the quality of life among the afflicted autistic children was done using a self-assessment questionnaire that included eight questions which were replied to in an affirmation or negative answer. 300 parents of autism affected children formed the study participants. Recorded responses were evaluated and percentage of each response was derived. Oral health status was measured by determination of dental caries prevalence and OHI-S index using chair light illumination, mouth mirror, diagnostic probe and a standard WHO periodontal probe. For statistical analysis, the calculations were performed by using the paired t test. Statistical significance, which was fixed at P < 0.05, which is statistically significant.

Results:
Approximately 18.33% of parents showed were aware that oral health can influence general health; 15% did have exhibit awareness. 15% of parents did not consider that primary teeth were important; 59.1% visited any dentist only when suffering from pain; 5% went for an annual dental examination; 15% and 24.6% parents visited dental practitioners at intervals of 3 and 6 months, respectively. 30%, 25% and 51.66% parents considered obtaining consultation and getting treatment from pediatric dentist; general dentist and general physician. 41.6% parents had taken their children for restorations. 52% reported constant stress whereas 48% reported with constant distressed emotions. No significant difference was determined between the parameters. 75% of autistic children suffered from dental caries whereas oral hygiene scores demonstrated high mean value of 4.

Conclusion:
Autism is a severely distressing condition wherein oral health along with general physical health is affected. Since parents are directly involved in upbringing of these individuals, they also subsequently show a reduction in quality of life.
Association of psychosocial factors with aggression among school going rural adolescents in Haryana
Authors: Verma Ramesh , Kumar Gopal , Yadav Rohtas Kanwar , Chayal Vinod , Kalhan Meenakshi , Bhalla Kapil , Dhaka Rohit , Agrawal Ginni , Sachdeva Aman , Satija Jitesh , Pankaj  , Sagar Vidya 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Adolescents are being involved in aggressive activities nowadays. Sometimes, involvement in aggressive activities may be fatal for the victim as well as for the doer. It is a matter of great concern for all including parents, teachers, psychologists, social reformers, and others. A momentary expression of anger sometimes may spoil the future life of the adolescents.

Aim and Objectives:
To determine the prevalence of aggression and to identify the psychosocial risk factors associated with aggression among school-going adolescents

Methodology:
The study recruited 480 school-going rural adolescents from eight government senior secondary schools in the rural block of Beri, district Jhajjar (Haryana).

Observations:
The mean age of the adolescents was 14.11 ± 1.12 years; 49.4% of the adolescents were found to be aggressive. After applying binary logistic regression, there was a statistically significant relation between aggression and determinants like class, gender, occupation of the father.

Conclusion and Recommendations:
The study concluded that determinants like age, class of students, gender of the subject, occupation of father found a significant association with aggression. To solve this current situation, parents must give love, attention to their children and must act in an appropriate way in front of them and be role models.
Public awareness of early symptoms of acute myocardial infarction among Saudi population
Authors: Basham Karam , Aldubaikhi Ahmed , Sulaiman Ihab , Alhaider Abdullah , Alrasheed Ahmed , Bahanan Fahad , Masuadi Emad , Alsaif Abdulmalik 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Globally speaking, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality, with coronary artery disease (CAD) contributing to half of the cases. A major complication of CAD is myocardial infarction (MI). The clinical outcomes of MI are predominantly time-dependent; therefore, it is paramount that the general public is familiar with the early symptoms of MI.

Aim:
The main objective is to gauge the local public awareness of the early symptoms of MI, and their knowledge of the best course of action to be taken from the onset of symptoms.

Method:
A cross-sectional study was conducted using google forms. Participants were randomly selected through multiple social media platforms. The study included Saudi citizens who were 18 years or older, with no current or prior experience in the health care field. The questionnaire assessed the participants’ awareness of 14 risk factors for CAD. The variables investigated were participants’ knowledge of the symptoms, causes, appropriate course of action to be taken, and the risk factors of CAD.

Results:
A total of 1689 participants were involved in this study. Sixty percent were females, and 29.2% were in the age group of 18–24 years. Seventy-three percent of the participants knew the definition of heart attack, and 90% knew that chest pain is a symptom of a heart attack. Approximately, 75% of the participants recognized that hypertension, cigarette smoking, and high cholesterol are the risk factors of MI. In terms of knowledge, Al Madinah province obtained the highest score when compared with other regions.

Conclusion:
This study showed the overall knowledge and awareness of CAD was suboptimal, indicating that awareness initiatives and patient education of CAD need more work in Saudi Arabia, especially in high-risk groups and lower education groups. More studies are needed to identify the efficiency and population access of different approaches for CAD awareness.
Systems E-approach for women at risk (SEWA)—A digital health solution for detection of high-risk pregnancies
Authors: Gupta Anil , Agrawal Ritu , Gupt Anadi , Guleri Rajesh , Bajpayee Devina , Joshi Naresh , Sarin Enisha , Gupta Sachin , Kumar Harish 
Published: November 2021

Background:
High-risk pregnancy (HRP) puts current pregnancy at an increased risk of complications. In the absence of pre-existing HRP implementation model of the country, in collaboration with the Government of Himachal Pradesh, a new digital HRP model called the ‘SEWA—A System E-approach for Women at risk’ was developed. The current article demonstrates a model for the early identification and line listing of high-risk pregnant women (PW) with appropriate referrals and increased engagement with the healthcare workers using a digital tool in the form of the Android App.

Methods:
SEWA was implemented as a pilot intervention in two community development blocks of the Chamba district. The key implementation steps included finalizing protocols for the identification of HRPs, defining processes and roles, mapping health facilities, setting up the communication loop, and developing of digital solutions. The digital app, used by the auxiliary nurse midwife (ANM) and program officers, tracked PW for a year from October 19 to October 20 and recorded the ANC visits, referrals, and birth outcomes. A qualitative assessment was conducted among the health workers to find out their level of acceptance.

Results:
A total of 1,340 high-risk PW were identified. The intervention year saw a rise in the identification of HRP to 27.9% from 3.5% in the previous year. A total of 2,559 conditions were tagged to the identified 1,340 women categorized into current pregnancy (81%), previous pregnancy (16%), and any existing chronic illness (3%). A majority of the women who required urgent referrals were provided referrals. The application recorded 53% of the delivered HRP with a digital birth preparedness plan, prepared and shared with the PW and Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA), by text message for compliance.

Conclusion:
The SEWA application is a feasible and sustainable solution to complement the competency of the care providers for early identification of the high-risk conditions and reduce the burden of preventable unprecedented deaths around the time of birth.