bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Odour identification impairment is a trait but not a disease-specific marker for bipolar disorders: Comparisons of bipolar disorder with different episodes, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Li Shu-bin , Li Ze-tian , Lyu Zhi-hong , Zhang Xiao-yuan , Zou Lai-quan 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Olfactory deficits have been reported in bipolar disorder, but this finding is controversial. This study investigated whether olfactory deficit can serve as a specific marker for bipolar disorder by comparing olfactory function in different mood episodes of bipolar disorder. We also compared olfactory function in bipolar disorder and other mental disorders – namely, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Methods: The study consisted of two experiments. Experiment 1 enrolled 175 bipolar disorder patients (70 depressed subgroup, 70 manic subgroup and 35 euthymic subgroup) and 47 controls. Experiment 2 enrolled the participants from Experiment 1, along with 85 major depressive disorder and 90 schizophrenia patients. The Sniffin’ Sticks test was used to evaluate odour identification ability and odour threshold (as a measure of odour sensitivity). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale were used to assess depressive symptoms in all subjects and manic symptoms in bipolar disorder patients, respectively. We also used the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale to assess clinical symptoms in schizophrenia patients. Results: All three bipolar disorder patient subgroups (depressed, manic and euthymic subgroup) showed reduced odour identification ability compared to controls; however, only patients in the acute phase of a mood episode (depressed, and manic subgroup) showed impaired odour sensitivity. Clinical symptoms were negatively correlated with odour sensitivity but not odour identification ability. Bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder patients showed less odour identification and sensitivity impairment than schizophrenia patients. Conclusion: Odour sensitivity is a potential dopaminergic marker for distinguishing between bipolar disorder patients in acute phase vs remission, while odour identification is a trait but a nonspecific marker of bipolar disorder.
Tuberculosis Outbreak Associated With Delayed Diagnosis and Long Infectious Periods in Rural Arkansas, 2010-2018
Authors: Labuda Sarah M. , McDaniel Clinton J. , Talwar Amish , Braumuller Anthwan , Parker Sarah , McGaha Stephanie , Blissett Carolynne , Wortham Jonathan M. , Mukasa Leonard , Stewart Rebekah J. 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: During 2010-2018, the Arkansas Department of Health reported 21 genotype-matched cases of tuberculosis (TB) among residents of a rural county in Arkansas with a low incidence of TB and in nearby counties. The Arkansas Department of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigated to determine the extent of TB transmission and provide recommendations for TB control. Methods: We reviewed medical and public health records, interviewed patients, and reviewed patients’ social media posts to describe patient characteristics, identify epidemiologic links, and establish likely chains of transmission. Results: We identified 21 cases; 11 reported during 2010-2013 and 10 during 2016-2018. All case patients were US-born non-Hispanic Black people. Eighteen case patients had the outbreak genotype, and 3 clinically diagnosed (non–culture-confirmed) case patients had epidemiologic links to patients with the outbreak genotype. Social media reviews revealed epidemiologic links among 10 case patients not previously disclosed during interviews. Eight case patients (38%) had ≥1 health care visit during their infectious period, and 7 patients had estimated infectious periods of >12 months. Conclusions: Delayed diagnoses and prolonged infectiousness led to TB transmission in this rural community. TB education and awareness is critical to reducing transmission, morbidity, and mortality, especially in areas where health care providers have limited TB experience. Use of social media can help elucidate people at risk, especially when traditional TB investigation techniques are insufficient.
County Poverty, Urban–Rural Classification, and the Causes of Term Infant Death
Authors: Mohamoud Yousra A. , Kirby Russell S. , Ehrenthal Deborah B. 
Published: March 2021

Objective Higher mortality among full-term infants (term infant deaths) contributes to disparities in infant mortality between the United States and other developed countries. We examined differences in the causes of term infant deaths across county poverty levels and urban–rural classification to understand underlying mechanisms through which these factors may act. Methods We linked period birth/infant death files for 2012-2015 with US Census poverty estimates and county urban–rural classifications. We grouped the causes of term infant deaths as sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI), congenital malformations, perinatal conditions, and all other causes. We computed the distribution and relative risk of overall and cause-specific term infant mortality rates (term IMRs) per 1000 live births and 95% CIs for county-level factors. Results The increase in term IMR across county poverty and urban–rural classification was mostly driven by an increase in the rate of SUDI. The relative risk of term infant deaths as a result of SUDI was 1.6 (95% CI, 1.5-1.8) times higher in medium-poverty counties and 2.3 (95% CI, 1.2-2.5) times higher in high-poverty counties than in low-poverty counties. Cause-specific IMRs of congenital malformations, perinatal conditions, and death from other causes did not differ by county poverty level. We found similar trends across county urban–rural classification. Sudden infant death syndrome was the main cause of SUDI across both county poverty levels and urban–rural classifications, followed by unknown causes and accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed. Conclusions Interventions aimed at reducing SUDI, particularly in high-poverty and rural areas, could have a major effect on reducing term IMR disparities between the United States and other developed countries.
Efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA in the treatment of unipolar major depression: Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses of double-blind randomised controlled trials
Authors: Arnone Danilo , Galadari Hassan , Rodgers Carl J , Östlundh Linda , Aziz Karim Abdel , Stip Emmanuel , Young Allan H 
Published: March 2021

Background: OnabotulinumtoxinA is a novel therapeutic intervention whose mechanism of action is believed to modify the negative facial feedback, thus abating symptoms of depression. This putative new antidepressant agent offers minimal systemic side effects and negligible risk of pharmacological interactions. We set out to examine the evidence for the use of onabotulinumtoxinA in major depression. Methods: A systematic search of the literature identified double-blind randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the use of onabotulinumtoxinA in the treatment of major depression versus placebo. Data, reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), was combined in meta-analyses (PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42020183538). Results: The search identified five RCTs (four double-blind) comparing onabotulinumtoxinA to placebo. OnabotulinumtoxinA was more effective than placebo when administered within the 20–40 IU dose range in double-blind RCTs. The analysis was free of publication bias and significantly heterogeneous. Meta-regression analyses indicated that onabotulinumtoxinA was more efficacious in women and in higher doses in female patients and less effective with polypharmacy, especially when an increasing number of antidepressants were prescribed. The effectiveness of onabotulinumtoxinA was higher in more recently published double-blind RCTs. Conclusion: The meta-analysis supports the efficacy of the intervention with the results being highly heterogeneous across studies. In view of the heterogeneity of the findings and the significant moderators of benefit (sex, year of study completion and the interaction between sex and dose), more research is required to better understand the role of onabotulinumtoxinA in the treatment of depression.
Association of the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism and Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer: Clinical relevance for alcohol dependence
Authors: Sebold Miriam , Garbusow Maria , Cerci Deniz , Chen Ke , Sommer Christian , Huys Quentin JM , Nebe Stephan , Rapp Michael , Veer Ilya M , Zimmermann Ulrich S , Smolka Michael N , Walter Henrik , Heinz Andreas , Friedel Eva 
Published: March 2021

Background: Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) quantifies the extent to which a stimulus that has been associated with reward or punishment alters operant behaviour. In alcohol dependence (AD), the PIT effect serves as a paradigmatic model of cue-induced relapse. Preclinical studies have suggested a critical role of the opioid system in modulating Pavlovian–instrumental interactions. The A118G polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene affects opioid receptor availability and function. Furthermore, this polymorphism interacts with cue-induced approach behaviour and is a potential biomarker for pharmacological treatment response in AD. In this study, we tested whether the OPRM1 polymorphism is associated with the PIT effect and relapse in AD. Methods: Using a PIT task, we examined three independent samples: young healthy subjects ( N = 161), detoxified alcohol-dependent patients ( N = 186) and age-matched healthy controls ( N = 105). We used data from a larger study designed to assess the role of learning mechanisms in the development and maintenance of AD. Subjects were genotyped for the A118G (rs1799971) polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene. Relapse was assessed after three months. Results: In all three samples, participants with the minor OPRM1 G-Allele (G+ carriers) showed increased expression of the PIT effect in the absence of learning differences. Relapse was not associated with the OPRM1 polymorphism. Instead, G+ carriers displaying increased PIT effects were particularly prone to relapse. Conclusion: These results support a role for the opioid system in incentive salience motivation. Furthermore, they inform a mechanistic model of aberrant salience processing and are in line with the pharmacological potential of opioid receptor targets in the treatment of AD.
Corrective surgery using a gridiron incision for abdominal pain caused by a folded ovary in the third trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Kim A Mi , Kim Jong Woon , Kim Yoon Ha , Kim Tae Young , Ryu Hyun Kyung , Choi Myeong Gyun 
Published: March 2021

Introduction Sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be helpful to obtain an accurate diagnosis of acute abdominal pain in pregnancy. Adnexal torsion presenting in the first or second trimester can be confirmed and treated through laparoscopic surgery; however laparoscopic surgery in the third trimester can be difficult owing to the large uterus, and a gridiron incision can be useful. Case Report/Case presentation An 18-year-old gravida 1, para 0 (G1P0) woman at 30 + 4 weeks of gestation presented with sudden-onset cyclic pain in the right lower quadrant. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a normal appendix, and MRI showed a normal appendix and normal ovaries. The patient’s prominent tender point was marked and compared with the MR images, which confirmed the mark as the position of the right ovary. Laparotomy was performed through a gridiron incision, and a folded right ovary was identified. The ovary was unfolded, and TachoSil® and Surgicel® were used to maintain the unfolded position. The patient’s pain resolved, and her postoperative course was uneventful. She delivered a healthy, 2540-g male baby at 35 weeks’ gestation. Discussion/Conclusions A gridiron incision was useful to treat a folded ovary in the third trimester and to evaluate the adnexa and minimize uterine manipulation.
3D modeling in adherent perinephric fat prediction in nephron-sparing surgery planning in patients with localized renal neoplasms
Authors: Sirota Evgeny , Vovdenko Stanislav , Sirota Anastasia , Tsarichenko Dmitrii , Rapoport Leonid , Alyaev Yuri 
Published: March 2021

Study objective: To develop a 3D-image based morphometry scoring system for Adherent Perinephric Fat (APF) prediction in nephron-sparing surgery in renal neoplasm patients. Materials and methods: The retrospective study involved 391 patients who underwent a laparoscopic partial nephrectomy performed by five surgeons from January 2014 till December 2018. The surgery involved the 3D virtual operation planning with «Amira» 3D modeling software. With the multivariate logistic regression models, we developed a scoring system based on 3D-models. We tested the significance and sensitivity of new scoring system in a comparative ROC analysis with Mayo Adhesive Probability Score (MAP). Results: We found APF in 111 patients (28.4%). The univariate analysis revealed that significant indicators included mean age 59.88 (55–67) ( p < 0.001), male sex ( p < 0.001), Body Mass Index (BMI) >30 (21.47–35.08) kg/m2 ( p < 0.001), arterial hypertension ( p < 0.001), coronary heart disease ( p = 0.019), diabetes mellitus ( p = 0.005), urolithiasis ( p = 0.002). The multivariate regression analysis identified three most significant indicators in 3D models evaluation: additional >5 mm shadows in perirenal space OR = 7.3 (3.6–15.3) ( p < 0.001), the number of shadows >5 OR = 3.8 (2.1–6.8) ( p < 0.001), the wide shadow base at the renal parenchymal level OR = 0.293 (0.146–0.588) ( p = 0.001). The scoring of these indicators comprises a new prediction scale (0–5). The ROC analysis revealed AUC 0.816 (95% CI 0.772–0.861) p < 0.001 of the MAP score, and AUC = 0.803 (95% CI 0.758–0.848) p < 0.001 of the scoring system developed in the present study. Conclusions: The statistical findings comparison of the scoring system that we developed with those of MAP scale suggests that the scoring system is efficient and applicable.
Lifetime Prevalence and Comorbidity of Mental Disorders in the Two-wave 2002–2018 Canadian Armed Forces Members and Veterans Mental Health Follow-up Survey (CAFVMHS): Prévalence et Comorbidité de Durée de vie Des Troubles Mentaux Dans l’Enquête de Suivi Sur la Santé Mentale Auprès des Membres des Forces Armées Canadiennes et Des ex-Militaires (ESSMFACM) en Deux Cycles de 2002 à 2018
Authors: Sareen Jitender , Bolton Shay-Lee , Mota Natalie , Afifi Tracie O. , Enns Murray W. , Taillieu Tamara , Stewart-Tufescu Ashley , El-Gabalawy Renée , Marrie Ruth Ann , Richardson J. Don , Stein Murray B. , Bernstein Charles N. , Bolton James M. , Wang Jianli , Asmundson Gordon J. G. , Thompson James M. , VanTil Linda , MacLean Mary Beth , Logsetty Sarvesh 
Published: March 2021

Objective: The current study used the Canadian Armed Forces Members and Veterans Mental Health Follow-up Survey (CAFVMHS) to (1) examine the incidence and prevalence of mental disorders and (2) estimate the comorbidity of mental disorders over the follow-up period. Method: The CAFVMHS (2018) is a longitudinal study with two time points of assessment. The sample is comprised of 2,941 Canadian Forces members and veterans who participated in the 2002 Canadian Community Health Survey: Canadian Forces Supplement. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI) was utilized to diagnose Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive episode (MDE), generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder (SAD), and alcohol abuse and dependence. Self-report health professional diagnoses were assessed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mania, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and personality disorder. We established weighted prevalence of mental disorders and examined the association between mental disorders using logistic regression. Results: In 2018, lifetime prevalence of any WHO-CIDI-based or self-reported mental disorder was 58.1%. Lifetime prevalence of any mood or anxiety disorder or PTSD was 54.0% in 2018. MDE (39.9%), SAD (25.7%), and PTSD (21.4%) were the most common mental disorders. There was a substantial increase in new onset or recurrence/persistence of mental disorders between the two measurement points (16-year assessment gap); 2002–2018 period prevalences were 43.5% for mood and anxiety disorder and 16.8% for alcohol abuse or dependence. The prevalence of self-reported ADHD, OCD, any personality disorder, and mania were 3.3%, 3.0%, 0.8%, and 0.8%, respectively. Comorbidity between mental disorders increased over the follow-up. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a high burden of mental disorders among a large Canadian military and veteran cohort. These findings underscore the importance of prevention and intervention strategies to reduce the burden of mental disorders and alcohol use disorders in these populations.
The Impact of Social Support on Treatment Participation and Completion in a Disability Prevention Intervention for Older Adults
Authors: Vásquez Elizabeth , O’Malley Isabel , Cruz-Gonzalez Mario , Velásquez Esther , Alegría Margarita 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: This study evaluates the role of emotional and instrumental social support on treatment participation and completion using the Positive Minds-Strong Bodies (PMSB) disability prevention program. Methods: Data from a multisite randomized controlled trial of the PMSB program for older adults (≥60 years) with physical impairment and mild to severe depression and/or anxiety were used. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 10 sessions of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) plus 36 sessions of group exercise or usual care. Results: Adjusting for covariates, higher levels of emotional social support at baseline were associated with increased odds of completing the recommended number of CBT sessions (6 or more, OR = 2.58, p = .030), attending 5.56 more exercise sessions ( p = .006), and increased odds of completing the recommended exercise sessions (25 or more, OR = 2.37, p = .047). Discussion: Emotional social support appears to increase dosage in a disability prevention program.
Neuropsychological Impairments in Young Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Case Control Study
Authors: Kalra Pramila , Kumaraswamy D. R. , Dharmalingam Mala , Saini Jitender , Yadav Ravi 
Published: March 2021

Background: There is a lack of clarity about the cognitive dysfunction in young patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). This study was done to explore the neuropsychological impairments in young patients with SCH and compare them with euthyroid controls. Methods: Patients between 18 and 45 years of age and diagnosed with SCH were recruited. Controls were euthyroid age, gender, and education matched. All the cases and controls underwent a detailed neuropsychological assessment with a battery of tests validated for use in the age groups of 18 to 65 years. Results: Thirty-nine patients with a mean age of 30.3 ± 7.7 years (female:male ratio 12:1) and 23 controls (female:male ratio 21:2) with a mean age of 33.4 ± 7.1 years ( P = .24) were included in the study. The mean TSH value was 6.36 ± 1.3 mIU/L and 2.49 ± 1.03 mIU/L in cases and controls, respectively ( P < .001). The visual memory delayed recall was impaired, in 48.71% ( n = 19) and 21.7% ( n = 5) cases and controls, respectively ( P = .03). The category fluency test showed impairment in a greater number of cases (35.9%, n = 14) as compared to controls (13%, n = 3; P = .04). Conclusion: This study shows that younger patients with SCH have delayed visual memory recall and category fluency deficits, which are suggestive of dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe in young SCH patients. These impairments may justify the treatment of young SCH patients with replacement therapy.
The association of vitamin-D level with catheter-related-thrombosis in hemodialysis patients: A data mining model
Authors: Rahimi Zhaleh , Abdolvand Neda , Sepehri Mohammad Mehdi , Khavanin Zadeh Morteza 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the association of different risk factors including vitamin-D level with catheter-related-thrombosis in hemodialysis patients by applying data mining techniques. Methods: This study used the retrospectively approach and was done based on the CRISP-DM framework. The data of 1048 hemodialysis patients of Hasheminejad Kidney Center whose first catheterization was between 2014 and 2019 was used for analysis. In this study, patients with a previous history of deep venous thrombosis, thrombophilic condition, and undergone anticoagulant therapy were excluded. The decision tree J48 in WEKA software was used for modeling. The K-fold cross-validation method was also used to evaluate the classification performance. Finally, the model was evaluated by using Confusion Matrix and F-Measure. Results: The approved model was accurate in 70.3% of the predictions, and it demonstrated an association between patients’ vitamin-D range and catheter-related-thrombosis. Conclusion: The results indicated that in hemodialysis patients without the history of cancer or high blood pressure, vitamin-D had a significant impact on catheter related thrombosis.
Codeswitching within prepositional phrases: Effects of switch site and directionality
Authors: Soesman Aviva , Walters Joel 
Published: March 2021

Aims and Research Questions: Codeswitching (CS) was investigated among English-Hebrew bilingual preschool children in a sentence repetition task focusing on switching at different points in prepositional phrases (PPs). We asked the extent to which sentence repetition accuracy differed (1) as a function of the switch site in the PP and (2) as a function of directionality, English-to-Hebrew versus Hebrew-to-English CS. Design/Methodology: English/first language (L1)-Hebrew/second language (L2), sequential bilingual children ( N = 65), ages 5;5–6;5, participated. Thirty-six English and 36 Hebrew stimulus sentences were matched for semantic content and syntax. English stimulus sentences contained switches to Hebrew; Hebrew stimuli contained switches to English. Six ‘switch’ conditions were examined: a single codeswitched noun (N), a determiner–noun switch (DET+N), a codeswitched preposition (P), a preposition–determiner switch (P+DET), a switch of the entire PP (P+DET+N), and a no-switch condition. Data and Analysis: Audio recordings were transcribed and coded. Full sentence repetition was coded as correct/incorrect. The number of errors and the proportion of CS errors were computed. A 6 × 2 repeated-measures analysis of variance examined the effects of switch site within the PP and directionality (L1-to-L2 versus L2-to-L1). Findings/Conclusions: Accuracy was highest for the non-switched, N, and P+DET+N conditions. Accuracy was lowest for DET+N switches in English sentences, and for P switches in Hebrew sentences, and these two conditions showed the highest proportion of CS errors. The findings show evidence for a hierarchy of processing costs and directionality differences, which are interpreted in terms of contrastive typological features, particularly definiteness marking in the two languages, English by a free morpheme, and Hebrew by a bound clitic.