bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Prediction of Quartz Forming‐Environments
Authors: Wang Yu , Qiu Kun‐Feng , Müller Axel , Hou Zhao‐Liang , Zhu Zhi‐Hai , Yu Hao‐Cheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTrace elements of quartz document the physical‐chemical evolutions of quartz growth, which has been a great and most applied tool in the study of geological settings in quartz‐forming environments. A classic method is using graphic diagram plots visualizing the quartz trace element discriminations and trends, examples including the Al‐Ti diagram (Rusk, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22161-3_14) and the Ti‐Al‐Ge diagram (Schrön et al., 1988, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236149159_Geochemische_Untersuchungen_an_Pegmatitquarzen). However, those diagrams are limited to two dimensions and cannot show the information in a higher dimension. In the study, we thus used a machine learning‐based approach to evaluate quartz trace elements, and visualized them for the first time in the high‐dimensional diagrams. We revisited 1,626 quartz samples from nine geological environments from previous studies, and applied a support vector machine to characterize values of the contained trace elements, including Al, Ti, Li, Ge, and Sr. We demonstrate that support vector machines can identify the crystallization environment of quartz with a significantly higher accuracy than the traditional plotting methods. Our work can massively improve the confidence on distinguishing quartz origin from different geological environments with a high efficiency. The method may also be applicable for other minerals, and we anticipate our research is a starting point for investigating mineral trace elements with machine learning techniques. Our quartz classifier can be accessed via https://quartz-classifier.herokuapp.com.
Age Uncertainty in Recurrence Analysis of Paleoseismic Records
Authors: Kempf Philipp , Moernaut Jasper 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDetermining the aperiodicity of large earthquake recurrences is key to forecast future rupture behavior. Aperiodicity is classically expressed as the coefficient of variation of recurrence intervals, though the recent trend to express it as burstiness is more intuitive and avoids minor inaccuracies. Due to the underestimation of burstiness in records with a low number of recurrence intervals, the paradigm is to obtain long paleoseismic records with many events. Here, we present a suite of synthetic paleoseismic records designed around the Weibull and inverse Gaussian distributions that demonstrate that age uncertainty relative to the mean recurrence interval causes overestimation of burstiness. The effects of overestimation and underestimation interact and give complex results for accurate estimates of aperiodicity. Furthermore, we show that the way recurrence intervals are sampled from a paleoseismic record can have strong influences on the resulting statistic and its implication for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. Comparing values of burstiness between paleoseismic records should therefore be done with caution.
A Novel Atmospheric Removal Technique for TES Spectra Applied to Olivine and Carbonate‐Rich Bedrock in the Nili Fossae Region, Mars
Authors: Ruff Steven W. , Hamilton Victoria E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpectra from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) display a combination of features attributable to surface and atmospheric components. In order to fully recognize and interpret surface spectral features, the atmospheric spectral features must be removed through some form of surface‐atmosphere separation (SAS). Multiple SAS techniques are available representing a range of complexity and accuracy. A ratio between spectra from a region of interest and a relatively spectrally bland, dusty location is an effective SAS technique, but the resulting ratio spectrum contains spectral features of surface dust (SD) from the dusty location. We exploit the uniform spectral character of SD across Mars to produce dust‐removed ratio spectra (DRRS). This simple and robust technique allows TES spectra to be compared directly to laboratory spectra and to Miniature‐TES spectra from the Mars Exploration Rovers. Although previous SAS techniques yield atmospherically corrected spectra that can serve this purpose, they are more challenging to implement, retain fewer data points, and are less accurate in some cases. The DRRS technique provides an option that is well suited to both quick‐look assessments of TES spectra and in‐depth analyses using follow‐on spectral modeling techniques. We show that DRRS of olivine‐rich bedrock in the Nili Fossae region display spectral features that match olivine with a composition ranging from ∼Fo50 to <Fo90 and that match olivine‐rich Algonquin‐class rocks in the Columbia Hills of Gusev crater.
Characteristics and outcomes of 627 044 COVID-19 patients living with and without obesity in the United States, Spain, and the United Kingdom
Authors: Recalde Martina , Roel Elena , Pistillo Andrea , Sena Anthony G. , Prats-Uribe Albert , Ahmed Waheed-Ul-Rahman , Alghoul Heba , Alshammari Thamir M. , Alser Osaid , Areia Carlos , Burn Edward , Casajust Paula , Dawoud Dalia , DuVall Scott L. , Falconer Thomas , Fernández-Bertolín Sergio , Golozar Asieh , Gong Mengchun , Lai Lana Yin Hui , Lane Jennifer C. E. , Lynch Kristine E. , Matheny Michael E. , Mehta Paras P. , Morales Daniel R. , Natarjan Karthik , Nyberg Fredrik , Posada Jose D. , Reich Christian G. , Rijnbeek Peter R. , Schilling Lisa M. , Shah Karishma , Shah Nigam H. , Subbian Vignesh , Zhang Lin , Zhu Hong , Ryan Patrick , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Kostka Kristin , Duarte-Salles Talita 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
A detailed characterization of patients with COVID-19 living with obesity has not yet been undertaken. We aimed to describe and compare the demographics, medical conditions, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients living with obesity (PLWO) to those of patients living without obesity.

Methods
We conducted a cohort study based on outpatient/inpatient care and claims data from January to June 2020 from Spain, the UK, and the US. We used six databases standardized to the OMOP common data model. We defined two non-mutually exclusive cohorts of patients diagnosed and/or hospitalized with COVID-19; patients were followed from index date to 30 days or death. We report the frequency of demographics, prior medical conditions, and 30-days outcomes (hospitalization, events, and death) by obesity status.

Results
We included 627 044 (Spain: 122 058, UK: 2336, and US: 502 650) diagnosed and 160 013 (Spain: 18 197, US: 141 816) hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The prevalence of obesity was higher among patients hospitalized (39.9%, 95%CI: 39.8−40.0) than among those diagnosed with COVID-19 (33.1%; 95%CI: 33.0−33.2). In both cohorts, PLWO were more often female. Hospitalized PLWO were younger than patients without obesity. Overall, COVID-19 PLWO were more likely to have prior medical conditions, present with cardiovascular and respiratory events during hospitalization, or require intensive services compared to COVID-19 patients without obesity.

Conclusion
We show that PLWO differ from patients without obesity in a wide range of medical conditions and present with more severe forms of COVID-19, with higher hospitalization rates and intensive services requirements. These findings can help guiding preventive strategies of COVID-19 infection and complications and generating hypotheses for causal inference studies.
Sequential CD19/22 CAR T-cell immunotherapy following autologous stem cell transplantation for central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Wu Jiaying , Meng Fankai , Cao Yang , Zhang Yicheng , Zhu Xiaojian , Wang Na , Wang Jue , Huang Lifang , Zhou Jianfeng , Xiao Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy following autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a promising method for refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma, but explicit data for central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) are lacking. Here, we treated 13 CNSL patients with ASCT sequential CD19/22 CAR T-cell infusion and simultaneously evaluated the clinical efficacy and toxicity. The 13 CNSL patients analyzed included four primary CNSL and nine secondary CNSL patients. Patients 1 and 10, who had complete remission status before enrollment, maintained clinical efficacy without recurrence. Nine of the remaining 11 patients responded to our protocol with a median durable time of 14.03 months, and the overall response and complete remission rate were 81.81% and 54.55%, respectively. No patient suffered grades 3–4 cytokine-release syndrome (CRS), and only patient 10 experienced severe immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). In addition, increases in serum ferritin and interleukin-6 levels were often accompanied by CRS and ICANS. After a median follow-up time of 14.20 months, the estimated 1-year progression-free survival and overall survival rates were 74.59% and 82.50%, respectively. Sequential CD19/22 CAR T-cell immunotherapy following ASCT as a novel method for CNSL appears to have encouraging long-term efficacy with relatively manageable side effects.
PGE2-JNK signaling axis non-canonically promotes Gli activation by protecting Gli2 from ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation
Authors: Yang Jun , Wang Juan , Liu Yuan , Zhang Yu , Huang Wenjing , Zou Yu , Qiu Yanyan , Cai Weiyang , Gao Jing , Zhou Hu , Wu Yingli , Liu Weijun , Ding Qingqing , Zhang Yanjie , Yin Pei-hao , Tan Wenfu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBoth bench and bedside investigations have challenged the supportive role of Hedgehog (Hh) activity in the progression of colorectal cancers, thus raising a critical need to further deeply determine the contribution of Hh to the growth of colorectal cancer. Combining multiple complementary means, including in vitro and in vivo inflammatory colorectal cancer models, and pathological analysis of clinical colorectal cancer patients samples. We report that colorectal cancer cells hijack prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to non-canonically promote Hh transcriptional factor Gli activity and Gli-dependent proliferation of colorectal cancer cells in a Smo-independent manner. Mechanistically, PGE2 activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which in turn enables Gli2 to evade ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation by phosphorylating Gli2 at Thr1546. This study not only presents evidence for understanding the contribution of Hh to colorectal cancers, but also provides a novel molecular portrait underlying how PGE2-activated JNK fine-tunes the evasion of Gli2 from ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. Therefore, it proposes a rationale for the future evaluation of chemopreventive and selective therapeutic strategies for colorectal cancers by targeting PGE2-JNK-Gli signaling route.
Interferon-armed RBD dimer enhances the immunogenicity of RBD for sterilizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Sun Shiyu , Cai Yueqi , Song Tian-Zhang , Pu Yang , Cheng Lin , Xu Hairong , Sun Jing , Meng Chaoyang , Lin Yifan , Huang Haibin , Zhao Fang , Zhang Silin , Gao Yu , Han Jian-Bao , Feng Xiao-Li , Yu Dan-Dan , Zhu Yalan , Gao Pu , Tang Haidong , Zhao Jincun , Zhang Zheng , Yang Jiaming , Hu Zhenxiang , Fu Yang-Xin , Zheng Yong-Tang , Peng Hua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global crisis, urgently necessitating the development of safe, efficacious, convenient-to-store, and low-cost vaccine options. A major challenge is that the receptor-binding domain (RBD)-only vaccine fails to trigger long-lasting protective immunity if used alone for vaccination. To enhance antigen processing and cross-presentation in draining lymph nodes (DLNs), we developed an interferon (IFN)-armed RBD dimerized by an immunoglobulin fragment (I-R-F). I-R-F efficiently directs immunity against RBD to DLNs. A low dose of I-R-F induces not only high titers of long-lasting neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) but also more comprehensive T cell responses than RBD. Notably, I-R-F provides comprehensive protection in the form of a one-dose vaccine without an adjuvant. Our study shows that the pan-epitope modified human I-R-F (I-P-R-F) vaccine provides rapid and complete protection throughout the upper and lower respiratory tracts against a high-dose SARS-CoV-2 challenge in rhesus macaques. Based on these promising results, we have initiated a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase I/II trial of the human I-P-R-F vaccine (V-01) in 180 healthy adults, and the vaccine appears safe and elicits strong antiviral immune responses. Due to its potency and safety, this engineered vaccine may become a next-generation vaccine candidate in the global effort to overcome COVID-19.
A systematic review assessing the existence of pneumothorax-only variants of FLCN. Implications for lifelong surveillance of renal tumours
Authors: Matsumoto Kenki , Lim Derek , Pharoah Paul D. , Maher Eamonn R. , Marciniak Stefan J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIndividuals with Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome (BHDS) may develop fibrofolliculomas, pneumothorax and/or renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Currently, all patients with pathogenicFLCNvariants are recommended to have renal surveillance. It has however been suggested that someFLCNvariants only cause pneumothorax, which would make surveillance unnecessary in certain cases. This review assesses this possibility. We provide an up-to-date analysis of clinical and genetic features of BHDS. The PUBMED database was systematically searched to find all articles describing patients with pathogenicFLCNvariants. The relevant clinical and genetic features of these patients were recorded and analysed. The prevalence of pneumothorax, pulmonary cysts, RCC and characteristic skin lesions in BHDS were 50.9% (n = 1038), 91.9% (n = 720), 22.5% (n = 929) and 47.9% (n = 989), respectively. There was a higher prevalence of pneumothoraces (p < 0.0001) but lower prevalence of dermatological findings (p < 0.0001) in patients from East Asia compared to North America or Europe. Of the 194 pathogenicFLCNvariants, 76 could be defined as ‘pneumothorax-only’. Pneumothorax only pathogenic variants (POPVs) were distributed throughout the gene, and there were no statistical differences in variant type. The majority of POPVs (65/76) affected no more than three individuals. Individuals with ‘POPVs’ also tended to be younger (45 vs. 47 years,p < 0.05). Many apparent POPVs in the literature could result from variable expressivity, age-related penetrance and other confounding factors. We therefore recommend that all individuals found to carry a pathogenicFLCNvariant be enroled in lifelong surveillance for RCC.
Enhancing sub-bandgap external quantum efficiency by photomultiplication for narrowband organic near-infrared photodetectors
Authors: Kublitski Jonas , Fischer Axel , Xing Shen , Baisinger Lukasz , Bittrich Eva , Spoltore Donato , Benduhn Johannes , Vandewal Koen , Leo Karl 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDetection of electromagnetic signals for applications such as health, product quality monitoring or astronomy requires highly responsive and wavelength selective devices. Photomultiplication-type organic photodetectors have been shown to achieve high quantum efficiencies mainly in the visible range. Much less research has been focused on realizing near-infrared narrowband devices. Here, we demonstrate fully vacuum-processed narrow- and broadband photomultiplication-type organic photodetectors. Devices are based on enhanced hole injection leading to a maximum external quantum efficiency of almost 2000% at −10 V for the broadband device. The photomultiplicative effect is also observed in the charge-transfer state absorption region. By making use of an optical cavity device architecture, we enhance the charge-transfer response and demonstrate a wavelength tunable narrowband photomultiplication-type organic photodetector with external quantum efficiencies superior to those of pin-devices. The presented concept can further improve the performance of photodetectors based on the absorption of charge-transfer states, which were so far limited by the low external quantum efficiency provided by these devices.
Pure spin photocurrent in non-centrosymmetric crystals: bulk spin photovoltaic effect
Authors: Xu Haowei , Wang Hua , Zhou Jian , Li Ju 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpin current generators are critical components for spintronics-based information processing. In this work, we theoretically and computationally investigate the bulk spin photovoltaic (BSPV) effect for creating DC spin current under light illumination. The only requirement for BSPV is inversion symmetry breaking, thus it applies to a broad range of materials and can be readily integrated with existing semiconductor technologies. The BSPV effect is a cousin of the bulk photovoltaic (BPV) effect, whereby a DC charge current is generated under light. Thanks to the different selection rules on spin and charge currents, a pure spin current can be realized if the system possesses mirror symmetry or inversion-mirror symmetry. The mechanism of BSPV and the role of the electronic relaxation time $$\tau$$
τ
are also elucidated. We apply our theory to several distinct materials, including monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, anti-ferromagnetic bilayer MnBi2Te4, and the surface of topological crystalline insulator cubic SnTe.
Crystal and electronic facet analysis of ultrafine Ni2P particles by solid-state NMR nanocrystallography
Authors: Papawassiliou Wassilios , Carvalho José P. , Panopoulos Nikolaos , Al Wahedi Yasser , Wadi Vijay Kumar Shankarayya , Lu Xinnan , Polychronopoulou Kyriaki , Lee Jin Bae , Lee Sanggil , Kim Chang Yeon , Kim Hae Jin , Katsiotis Marios , Tzitzios Vasileios , Karagianni Marina , Fardis Michael , Papavassiliou Georgios , Pell Andrew J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStructural and morphological control of crystalline nanoparticles is crucial in the field of heterogeneous catalysis and the development of “reaction specific” catalysts. To achieve this, colloidal chemistry methods are combined with ab initio calculations in order to define the reaction parameters, which drive chemical reactions to the desired crystal nucleation and growth path. Key in this procedure is the experimental verification of the predicted crystal facets and their corresponding electronic structure, which in case of nanostructured materials becomes extremely difficult. Here, by employing31P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance aided by advanced density functional theory calculations to obtain and assign the Knight shifts, we succeed in determining the crystal and electronic structure of the terminating surfaces of ultrafine Ni2P nanoparticles at atomic scale resolution. Our work highlights the potential of ssNMR nanocrystallography as a unique tool in the emerging field of facet-engineered nanocatalysts.
Dietary thiols accelerate aging of C. elegans
Authors: Gusarov Ivan , Shamovsky Ilya , Pani Bibhusita , Gautier Laurent , Eremina Svetlana , Katkova-Zhukotskaya Olga , Mironov Alexander , Makarov Alexander А. , Nudler Evgeny 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlutathione (GSH) is the most abundant cellular antioxidant. As reactive oxygen species (ROS) are widely believed to promote aging and age-related diseases, and antioxidants can neutralize ROS, it follows that GSH and its precursor, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), are among the most popular dietary supplements. However, the long- term effects of GSH or NAC on healthy animals have not been thoroughly investigated. We employed C. elegans to demonstrate that chronic administration of GSH or NAC to young or aged animals perturbs global gene expression, inhibits skn-1-mediated transcription, and accelerates aging. In contrast, limiting the consumption of dietary thiols, including those naturally derived from the microbiota, extended lifespan. Pharmacological GSH restriction activates the unfolded protein response and increases proteotoxic stress resistance in worms and human cells. It is thus advantageous for healthy individuals to avoid excessive dietary antioxidants and, instead, rely on intrinsic GSH biosynthesis, which is fine-tuned to match the cellular redox status and to promote homeostatic ROS signaling.
Fast holographic scattering compensation for deep tissue biological imaging
Authors: May Molly A. , Barré Nicolas , Kummer Kai K. , Kress Michaela , Ritsch-Marte Monika , Jesacher Alexander 
Published: July 2021

AbstractScattering in biological tissues is a major barrier for in vivo optical imaging of all but the most superficial structures. Progress toward overcoming the distortions caused by scattering in turbid media has been made by shaping the excitation wavefront to redirect power into a single point in the imaging plane. However, fast, non-invasive determination of the required wavefront compensation remains challenging. Here, we introduce a quickly converging algorithm for non-invasive scattering compensation, termed DASH, in which holographic phase stepping interferometry enables new phase information to be updated after each measurement. This leads to rapid improvement of the wavefront correction, forming a focus after just one measurement iteration and achieving an order of magnitude higher signal enhancement at this stage than the previous state-of-the-art. Using DASH, we demonstrate two-photon fluorescence imaging of microglia cells in highly turbid mouse hippocampal tissue down to a depth of 530 μm.
Ion mobility-based sterolomics reveals spatially and temporally distinctive sterol lipids in the mouse brain
Authors: Li Tongzhou , Yin Yandong , Zhou Zhiwei , Qiu Jiaqian , Liu Wenbin , Zhang Xueting , He Kaiwen , Cai Yuping , Zhu Zheng-Jiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAberrant sterol lipid metabolism is associated with physiological dysfunctions in the aging brain and aging-dependent disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases. There is an unmet demand to comprehensively profile sterol lipids spatially and temporally in different brain regions during aging. Here, we develop an ion mobility-mass spectrometry based four-dimensional sterolomics technology leveraged by a machine learning-empowered high-coverage library (>2000 sterol lipids) for accurate identification. We apply this four-dimensional technology to profile the spatially resolved landscapes of sterol lipids in ten functional regions of the mouse brain, and quantitatively uncover ~200 sterol lipids uniquely distributed in specific regions with concentrations spanning up to 8 orders of magnitude. Further spatial analysis pinpoints age-associated differences in region-specific sterol lipid metabolism, revealing changes in the numbers of altered sterol lipids, concentration variations, and age-dependent coregulation networks. These findings will contribute to our understanding of abnormal sterol lipid metabolism and its role in brain diseases.
Mechanism for enhancing the growth of mung bean seedlings under simulated microgravity
Authors: Nakajima Shusaku , Nagata Masayasu , Ikehata Akifumi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo elucidate a mechanism for enhancing mung bean seedlings’ growth under microgravity conditions, we measured growth, gene expression, and enzyme activity under clinorotation (20 rpm), and compared data obtained to those grown under normal gravity conditions (control). An increase in fresh weight, water content, and lengths were observed in the clinostat seedlings, compared to those of the control seedlings. Real-time PCR showed that aquaporin expression and the amylase gene were upregulated under clinorotation. Additionally, seedlings under clinorotation exhibited a significantly higher amylase activity. Near-infrared image showed that there was no restriction of water evaporation from the seedlings under clinorotation. Therefore, these results indicate that simulated microgravity could induce water uptake, resulting in enhanced amylase activity and seedling growth. Upregulated aquaporin expression could be the first trigger for enhanced growth under clinorotation. We speculated that the seedlings under clinorotation do not use energy against gravitational force and consumed surplus energy for enhanced growth.