bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on onset of nucleate boiling with screw tube for fusion reactor application
Authors: Lim Ji Hwan , Park Minkyu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) is the point at which the heat transfer mechanism in fluids changes and is one of the thermo-hydraulic factors that must be considered when establishing a cooling system operation strategy. Because the high heat flux of several MW m−2, which is loaded within a tokamak, is applied under a one-side heating condition, it is necessary to determine a correlative relation that can predict ONB under special heating conditions. In this study, the ONB of a one-side-heated screw tube was experimentally analyzed via a subcooled flow boiling experiment. The helical nut structure of the screw tube flow path wall allows for improved heat transfer performance relative to plain tubes, providing a screw tube with a 53.98% higher ONB than a plain tube. The effects of the system parameters on the ONB heat flux were analyzed based on the changes in the heat transfer mechanism, with the results indicating that the flow rate and degree of subcooling are proportional to the ONB heat flux because increasing these factors improves the forced convection heat transfer and increases the condensation rate, respectively. However, it was observed that the liquid surface tension and latent heat decrease as the pressure increases, leading to a decrease in the ONB heat flux. An evaluation of the predictive performance of existing ONB correlations revealed that most have high error rates because they were developed based on ONB experiments on micro-channels or plain tubes and not under one-side high heat load conditions. To address this, we used dimensional analysis based on Python code to develop new ONB correlations that reflect the influence of system parameters.
Groundwater Recharge Assessment using Geographic Information System APLIS Method in Donorojo Karst Area, Pacitan
Authors: Hardyani P V , Bahri A S , Hariyanto T , Parnadi W W , Rosandi Y , Sunardi  , Alita E W , Widodo A , Purwanto M S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Karst aquifers can be a source of water supply, especially for the community in Donorojo District, which is one of the areas with the worst drought crisis in Pacitan Regency and requires a sustainable solution to the problem of water needs. Therefore, the study and management of karst formations are very important because of their abundance and potential in forming subsurface aquifer karst aquifers. The recharge rate is one of the basic parameters in the management of the consumption and maintenance of this resource. In addition, the distribution of aquifer locations, aquifer characteristics, and the quality of groundwater forming the aquifer need to be known. This study aims to assess aquifers in the Karst area of Donorojo, Pacitan based on recharge rate and spatial distribution. The APLIS method can estimate surface recharge rates and present the results as a map of the spatial distribution of aquifer recharge rates by utilizing a Geographical Information System (GIS). The results of the analysis using the APLIS method, the groundwater recharge rate in the Donorojo Pacitan karst area is divided into 4 classes, namely very low, low, moderate, and high. Almost the entire Donorojo karst area has a high groundwater recharge rate, this means that the area needs to be used as a groundwater protection zone and it is important to carry out good groundwater management, especially to overcome the problem of drought.
Fabrication of an acetone gas sensor based on Si-doped WO3 nanorods prepared by reactive magnetron co-sputtering with OAD technique
Authors: Sucharitakul Waraporn , Sukee Anupong , Leuasoongnoen Pimchanok , Horprathum Mati , Lertvanithphol Tossaporn , Janphuang Pattanaphong , Mitsomwang Pusit , Sindhupakorn Bura 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Gas sensing technology is currently applied in a variety of applications. In medical applications, gas sensors can be used for the detection of the biomarker in various diseases, metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, asthma, renal, liver diseases, and lung cancer. In this study, we present acetone sensing characteristics of Si-doped WO3 nanorods prepared by a DC reactive magnetron co-sputtering with an oblique-angle deposition (OAD) technique. The composition of Si-doped in WO3 has been studied by varying the electrical input power applied to the Si sputtered target. The nanorods film was constructed at the glancing angle of 85°. After deposition, the films were annealed at 400 °C for 4 h in the air. The microstructures and phases of the materials were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results showed that 1.43 wt% Si-doped WO3 thin film exhibited the maximum response of 5.92 towards 100 ppm of acetone at performing temperature (350 °C), purifying dry air carrier. The process exposed in this work demonstrated the potential of high sensitivity acetone gas sensor at low concentration and may be used as an effective tool for diabetes non-invasive monitoring.
Voices Amidst the Smoke—Social Workers against Police Brutality in Hong Kong
Authors: Leung Zeno C S , Lam C W , Cheng Carl Yuk Tin , Ng Yut-Ming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Social unrest occurred across the latter half of 2019 through to early 2020 in Hong Kong. It changed the lives of many Hongkongers, and also changed the identities of a group of social workers in the city. Initiated by the Hong Kong Social Workers’ General Union, around 140 social workers organised themselves into the ‘Battlefield Social Workers’. Their voices were often heard at the frontier of scenes of social conflict that were full of smoke caused by tear gas shells and other firearms used by the police. Whilst the protesters and police officers were in extremely tense situations, such voices that were trying to calm people down posed a huge contrast. In this study, the authors have interviewed twenty-two Battlefield Social Workers. Their experiences on the ‘battlefront’ were investigated, with special attention paid to their perceptions of what social workers had done against police brutality. The findings and discussions are considered to have brought insights on social workers’ roles in an increasingly turbulent world.
Patients’ openness to discussing implantable cardioverter defibrillator deactivation at end of life: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lee Kyoung Suk , Oh Oonjee , Miller Jennifer , Hammash Muna , Thompson David R , Ski Chantal F , Cameron Jan , Hwang Seon Young , Moser Debra K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
It is recommended that patients and clinicians discuss end-of-life deactivation of their implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) prior to device implantation and throughout the illness trajectory to facilitate shared decision-making. However, such discussions rarely occur, and little is known about patients’ openness to this discussion. The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with patients’ openness to discussing end-of-life ICD deactivation with clinicians.

Methods and results
This cross-sectional study recruited 293 patients with an ICD from outpatient clinics in the USA, Australia, and South Korea. Patients were classified into an open or resistant group based on their desire to discuss device deactivation at end of life with clinicians. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore factors related to patients’ openness to this discussion.
About half of the participants (57.7%) were open to discussing such issues with their clinicians. Factors related to patients’ openness to discussing device deactivation at end of life were living with someone, not having severe comorbid conditions (cancer and/or chronic kidney disease), greater ICD knowledge, and more experience discussing end-of-life issues with clinicians (odds ratio: 0.479, 0.382, 1.172, 1.332, respectively).

Conclusion
Approximately half of the ICD recipients were reluctant to discuss device deactivation at end of life with clinicians. Unmodifiable factors were their living arrangement and severe comorbidity. ICD knowledge and prior experience discussing end-of-life issues were potentially modifiable factors in the future. These factors should be addressed when assessing patients’ readiness for a shared discussion about device deactivation at end of life.
With an Iron Broom: Cleansing Berlin’s Bülowplatz of ‘Judeo-Bolshevism’, 1933–1936
Authors: Walch Teresa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Home to the Communist Party of Germany’s headquarters and heart of the remaining Scheunenviertel and its Jewish populations, Berlin’s Bülowplatz was detested as representative of ‘Judeo-Bolshevism’ by local Nazis, and they vowed to ‘cleanse’ the square with an ‘iron broom’. In March 1933, SA-men and police officers occupied and confiscated the KPD headquarters and renamed the square ‘Horst-Wessel-Platz’. Thereafter, city officials selected the Jewish-owned apartment buildings behind the square for the first urban renewal measures under the new regime, with the explicit intent of evicting the Jewish residents from this Nazi memorial square. Via a close reading of minutes from bureaucratic meetings, this article illuminates how bureaucrats began translating Nazi ideology into practice. Although municipal and federal bureaucrats initially lacked the requisite authority and legislation to implement this ideologically driven project, united by broadly held antisemitic prejudices they creatively devised solutions and collaborated to mobilize bureaucratic processes for city planning that was explicitly antisemitic. The ideological transformation of Bülowplatz constituted the earliest case of de-Jewification (Entjudung) in Nazi Germany and set an important precedent for later measures of spatial and ethnic cleansing enacted against Jews in Germany and across Europe.
Velocity changes around the Kaikōura earthquake ruptures from ambient noise cross-correlations
Authors: Madley Megan , Yates Alexander , Savage Martha , Wang Weiwei , Okada Tomomi , Matsumoto Satoshi , Iio Yoshihisa , Jacobs Katrina 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYSeismic velocity changes before and after large-magnitude earthquakes carry information about damage present in the surrounding region. This study presents temporal velocity changes detected prior to and following the 2016 November Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake in Canterbury, New Zealand. We use continuous waveform data from 11 short-period seismometers within the Kaikōura region with an average interstation distance of 83 km. Nine-component day-long empirical Green’s functions were computed for frequencies between 0.1 and 0.9 Hz for continuous seismic records from 2012 January 1 to 2018 February 28, which also include the 2013 Cook Strait and Lake Grassmere earthquakes. Using the moving-window cross-spectral method, seismic velocity changes were calculated. Immediately following the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake, a decrease in seismic velocity averaged across all component pairs of approximately 0.2 per cent was observed. An increase in seismic velocity of approximately 0.1 per cent after the earthquake was visible over a 1.5 yr period averaged across all component pairs. A depth sensitivity analysis suggests that observed velocity changes were confined to the uppermost 5 km of the subsurface. We consider strong ground motions a likely candidate for the seismic velocity decrease, followed by post-seismic relaxation via crack healing of the faults that ruptured in the Kaikōura region. Fault-zone damage may also have contributed to observed decreases in the vicinity of ruptured faults.
What do we Mean by “Orthodox” Judaism?
Authors: Margulies Ezra A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Who qualifies as an “orthodox” Jew and what do we mean by “orthodox” Judaism? These are vexing questions, which rabbis, polemicists, academics, and laypeople alike have persistently confronted for the past 200 years. This article reexamines key historical episodes in this long-standing debate and unpacks the definitions of “orthodoxy” which emerge from them, but not with the view of establishing the correct one. Rather, it aims to demonstrate the futility of any such effort. Harnessing insights from Wittgensteinian thought on essentialization and family resemblance, it identifies historical and conceptual hurdles which prevent any proposed definition of “orthodox” from prevailing among Jews in the modern period, despite incessant attempts at pinning down the term’s essence. By recasting the debate through the lens of family resemblance, the author puts forward an alternative framework for navigating divergence and deviance which better accounts for the manifold ideologies populating the contemporary Jewish landscape.
Radioactive nuclei in the early Solar system: analysis of the 15 isotopes produced by core-collapse supernovae
Authors: Lawson Thomas V , Pignatari Marco , Stancliffe Richard J , den Hartogh Jacqueline , Jones Sam , Fryer Chris L , Gibson Brad K , Lugaro Maria 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Short-lived radioactive isotopes (SLRs) with half-lives between 0.1 and 100 Myr can be used to probe the origin of the Solar system. In this work, we examine the core-collapse supernovae production of the 15 SLRs produced: 26Al, 36Cl, 41Ca, 53Mn, 60Fe, 92Nb, 97Tc, 98Tc, 107Pd, 126Sn, 129I, 135Cs, 146Sm, 182Hf, and 205Pb. We probe the impact of the uncertainties of the core-collapse explosion mechanism by examining a collection of 62 core-collapse models with initial masses of 15, 20, and 25 M⊙, explosion energies between 3.4 × 1050 and 1.8 × 1052 erg and compact remnant masses between 1.5 and 4.89 M⊙. We identify the impact of both explosion energy and remnant mass on the final yields of the SLRs. Isotopes produced within the innermost regions of the star, such as 92Nb and 97Tc, are the most affected by the remnant mass, 92Nb varying by five orders of magnitude. Isotopes synthesized primarily in explosive C-burning and explosive He-burning, such as 60Fe, are most affected by explosion energies. 60Fe increases by two orders of magnitude from the lowest to the highest explosion energy in the 15 M⊙ model. The final yield of each examined SLR is used to compare to literature models.
Modelling the stellar halo with RR-Lyrae stars
Authors: Li Chengdong , Binney James 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
A seven-parameter distribution function (DF) is fitted to $20\, 000$ RR-Lyrae stars for which only astrometric data are available. The observational data are predicted by the DF in conjunction with the gravitational potential of a self-consistent model Galaxy defined by DFs for the dark halo, the bulge, and a four-component disc. Tests of the technique developed to deal with missing line-of-sight velocities show that adding such velocities tightens constraints on the DF only slightly. The recovered model of the RR-Lyrae population confirms that the population is flattened and has a strongly radially biased velocity distribution. At large radii, its density profile tends to ρ ∼ r−4.5 but no power law provides a good fit inside the solar sphere. The model is shown to provide an excellent fit to the data for stars brighter than r = 16.5 but at certain longitudes it predicts too few faint stars at Galactocentric radii $\sim 20\, \mathrm{kpc}$, possibly signalling that the halo is not axisymmetric. The DF is used to predict the velocity distribution of BHB stars for which space velocities are available. The z components are predicted successfully but too much anisotropy in the vRvϕ plane is expected.
Countercyclical Labor Income Risk and Portfolio Choices over the Life Cycle
Authors: Catherine Sylvain 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
I estimate a life cycle model of portfolio choices that incorporates the relationship between market returns and the skewness of idiosyncratic income shocks. The cyclicality of skewness can explain (a) low stock market participation among young households, (b) why the equity share of participants slightly increases until retirement, and (c) why renters invest less in stocks than do homeowners. With a relative risk aversion of 6 and yearly participation cost of $250, the model matches the evolution of wealth, participation, and conditional equity shares over the life cycle. Nevertheless, cyclical skewness increases the equity premium by at most 0.5 percentage points.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Ideological Extremism and Political Participation in Japan
Authors: ASANO Taka-aki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Do the policy preferences expressed through political participation represent the citizens as a whole? Previous studies argue that there is no ideological bias in voting participation in Japan. However, previous studies have only analyzed Japan up to 2010, and it is unclear whether ideological bias was consistently absent in voting participation in the 2010s. In the 2010s, ideological issues, such as the maintenance of nuclear power plants or the acceptance of collective self-defense, emerged in Japan, and the two major political parties, the Liberal Democratic Party and Democratic Party of Japan, became increasingly polarized. Considering these changes, the influence of ideology on political participation may be growing. Therefore, this paper examines the relationship between people’s ideological positions and political participation using voter surveys conducted between 2001 and 2017. I find that since 2012, the more ideologically extreme Japanese voters are, the more they participate in voting. Furthermore, the same is true for other forms of participation. In general, the voices of ideologically moderate Japanese are becoming less represented by political parties and politicians.
Searching for the Effect of Age-Based Stereotypes on Personnel Decisions? Try Looking Through an Intersectional Lens
Authors: Thrasher Gregory R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The long-standing notion that personnel decisions are influenced by age-based stereotypes implies that performance-based stigmas associated with age create a social inequality for older workers. However, evidence for the “real world” effects of age-based stereotypes on personnel decisions is lacking—which to some suggests the absence of these otherwise intuitive age-based inequalities. In this commentary, I counter this point and propose that understanding the social inequalities experienced by older workers requires a perspective that acknowledges the intersectional identities held by individuals across their working lives. Within this commentary, I will first briefly define intersectionality including its history within legal literature. Second, I will highlight emerging organizational research that has applied an intersectional lens to questions of workplace stereotypes around race and gender. Third, I will present a theoretical leadership example that highlights how attending to age alone can mask potentially meaningful gender differences in how older women are uniquely stigmatized within leadership roles. Lastly, I will review the small but important body of work on intersectional age-based stereotypes and propose specific areas of future research that would benefit from taking an intersectional approach.
34th Annual APRN Legislative Update
Authors: Phillips Susanne J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
Relaxation of existing regulations in supervision, collaboration, license renewal, and portability due to the continuing COVID-19 pandemic improved practice authority for advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) in reduced- and restricted-practice states. This 34th Annual Legislative Update covers the scope of practice changes, and legislative and regulatory decisions that most impacted APRNs across the US in 2021.
Cognitive-Behavioral–Based Physical Therapy for Improving Recovery After Traumatic Orthopaedic Lower Extremity Injury (CBPT-Trauma)
Authors: Archer Kristin R. , Davidson Claudia A. , Alkhoury Dana , Vanston Susan W. , Moore Tanisha L. , Deluca Andrea , Betz Joshua F. , Thompson Richard E. , Obremskey William T. , Slobogean Gerard P. , Melton Danielle H. , Wilken Jason M. , Karunakar Madhav A. , Rivera Jessica C. , Mir Hassan R. , McKinley Todd O. , Frey Katherine P. , Castillo Renan C. , Wegener Stephen T. ,   on behalf of METRC
Published: December 2021

Summary:
Physical and psychological impairment resulting from traumatic injuries is often significant and affects employment and functional independence. Extremity trauma has been shown to negatively affect long-term self-reported physical function, the ability to work, and participation in recreational activities and contributes to increased rates of anxiety and/or depression. High pain levels early in the recovery process and psychosocial factors play a prominent role in recovery after traumatic lower extremity injury. Cognitive-behavioral therapy pain programs have been shown to mitigate these effects. However, patient access issues related to financial and transportation constraints and the competing demands of treatment focused on the physical sequelae of traumatic injury limit patient participation in this treatment modality. This article describes a telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral–based physical therapy (CBPT-Trauma) program and design of a multicenter trial to determine its effectiveness after lower extremity trauma. Three hundred twenty-five patients from 7 Level 1 trauma centers were randomized to CBPT-Trauma or an education program after hospital discharge. The primary hypothesis is that compared with patients who receive an education program, patients who receive the CBPT-Trauma program will have improved physical function, pain, and physical and mental health at 12 months after hospital discharge.