bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Deformation-Based Shape Study of the Corpus Callosum in First Episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Huang Weikai , Chen Minhua , Lyu Guiwen , Tang Xiaoying 
Published: June 2021

Background: Previous first-episode schizophrenia (FES) studies have reported abnormalities in the volume and mid-sagittal size of the corpus callosum (CC), but findings have been inconsistent. Besides, the CC shape has rarely been analyzed in FES. Therefore, in this study, we investigated FES-related CC shape abnormalities using 198 participants [92 FES patients and 106 healthy controls (HCs)].Methods: We conducted statistical shape analysis of the mid-sagittal CC curve in a large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping framework. The CC was divided into the genu, body, and splenium (gCC, bCC, and sCC) to target the key CC sub-regions affected by the FES pathology. Gender effects have been investigated.Results: There were significant area differences between FES and HC in the entire CC and gCC but not in bCC nor sCC. In terms of the localized shape morphometrics, significant region-specific shape inward-deformations were detected in the superior portion of gCC and the anterosuperior portion of bCC in FES. These global area and local shape morphometric abnormalities were restricted to female FES but not male FES.Conclusions: gCC was significantly affected in the neuropathology of FES and this finding was specific to female FES. This study suggests that gCC may be a key sub-region that is vulnerable to the neuropathology of FES, specifically in female patients. The morphometrics of gCC may serve as novel and efficient biomarkers for screening female FES patients.
Neighborhood Environments and Utilitarian Walking Among Older vs. Younger Rural Adults
Authors: Lee Chanam , Lee Chunkeun , Stewart Orion T. , Carlos Heather A. , Adachi-Mejia Anna , Berke Ethan M. , Doescher Mark P. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Walking has the potential to promote health across the life span, but age-specific features of the neighborhood environment (NE), especially in rural communities, linked with walking have not been adequately characterized. This study examines the relationships between NE and utilitarian walking among older vs. younger adults living in US rural towns.Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study came from telephone interviews in 2011–2012 with 2,140 randomly sampled younger (18–64 years, n = 1,398) and older (65+ years, n = 742) adults, collecting personal and NE perception variables. NE around each participant's home was also measured objectively using geographic information system techniques. Separate mixed-effects logistic regression models were estimated for the two age groups, predicting the odds of utilitarian walking at least once a week.Results: Perceived presence of crosswalks and pedestrian signals was significantly related to utilitarian walking in both age groups. Among older adults, unattended dogs, lighting at night, and religious institutions were positively while steep slope was negatively associated with their walking. For younger adults, traffic speed (negative, –), public transportation (positive, +), malls (–), cultural/recreational destinations (+), schools (+), and resource production land uses such as farms and mines (–) were significant correlates of utilitarian walking.Conclusion: Different characteristics of NE are associated with utilitarian walking among younger vs. older adults in US rural towns. Optimal modifications of NE to promote walking may need to reflect these age differences.
The Role of Self-Efficacy and Injunctive Norms in Helping Older Adults Decide to Stay Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Macy Jonathan T. , Owens Christopher , Mullis Kristina , Middlestadt Susan E. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Because older adults are at elevated risk of COVID-19-related adverse health outcomes, and staying at home is an effective strategy to avoid unnecessary exposures, the current formative study used the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA) to identify the beliefs underlying older adults' decision to stay home for the next month.Methods: The participants (weighted n = 206, age 65-94) for the current study were selected from a nationally representative online survey of US adults from April 10-20, 2020. We used multiple linear regression to estimate the relative contribution of the four RAA global constructs (instrumental attitude, injunctive norms, descriptive norms, and self-efficacy) in explaining intention to stay home after controlling for demographic covariates. We also conducted a content analysis to identify beliefs about advantages, disadvantages, and facilitators of staying home.Results: After controlling for demographic characteristics, injunctive norms (b = 0.208; SE = 0.059; B = 0.213, p &lt; 0.01) and self-efficacy (b = 0.532; SE = 0.058; B = 0.537, p &lt; 0.001) showed statistically significant independent associations with intention to stay home. The specific beliefs underlying the decision to stay home spanned across health and wellness dimensions and suggested interpersonal, mental health, and leisure/recreational facilitators.Conclusions: These findings suggest three public health intervention targets. First, self-efficacy building interventions could enhance older adults' perceptions of their ability to stay home to avoid unnecessary exposures. Second, health communication messages to address injunctive norms could emphasize that people important to older adults think they should stay home. Third, for the youngest of the older adults, health communication messages could emphasize the advantages of staying home.
Dietary Salt Reduction, Prevalence of Hypertension and Avoidable Burden of Stroke in Vietnam: Modelling the Health and Economic Impacts
Authors: Aminde Leopold Ndemnge , Phung Hai N. , Phung Dung , Cobiac Linda J. , Veerman J. Lennert 
Published: June 2021

Dietary salt reduction has been recommended as a cost-effective population-wide strategy to prevent cardiovascular disease. The health and economic impact of salt consumption on the future burden of stroke in Vietnam is not known.Objective: To estimate the avoidable incidence of and deaths from stroke, as well as the healthy life years and healthcare costs that could be gained from reducing salt consumption in Vietnam.Methods: This was a macrosimulation health and economic impact assessment study. Data on blood pressure, salt consumption and stroke epidemiology were obtained from the Vietnam 2015 STEPS survey and the Global Burden of Disease study. A proportional multi-cohort multistate lifetable Markov model was used to estimate the impact of achieving the Vietnam national salt targets of 8 g/day by 2025 and 7 g/day by 2030, and to the 5 g/day WHO recommendation by 2030. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted to quantify the uncertainty in our projections.Results: If the 8 g/day, 7 g/day, and 5 g/day targets were achieved, the prevalence of hypertension could reduce by 1.2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 0.5 to 2.3), 2.0% (95% UI: 0.8 to 3.6), and 3.5% (95% UI: 1.5 to 6.3), respectively. This would translate, respectively, to over 80,000, 180,000, and 257,000 incident strokes and over 18,000, 55,000, and 73,000 stroke deaths averted. By 2025, over 56,554 stroke-related health-adjusted life years (HALYs) could be gained while saving over US$ 42.6 million in stroke healthcare costs. By 2030, about 206,030 HALYs (for 7 g/day target) and 262,170 HALYs (for 5 g/day target) could be gained while saving over US$ 88.1 million and US$ 122.3 million in stroke healthcare costs respectively.Conclusion: Achieving the national salt reduction targets could result in substantial population health and economic benefits. Estimated gains were larger if the WHO salt targets were attained and if changes can be sustained over the longer term. Future work should consider the equity impacts of specific salt reduction programs.
Vestibular Endolymphatic Hydrops Visualized by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Its Correlation With Vestibular Functional Test in Patients With Unilateral Meniere's Disease
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Zhang Fan , He Baihui , He Jingchun , Zhang Qing , Yang Jun , Duan Maoli 
Published: June 2021

Background:Currently, 3 Tesla-MRI following intratympanic gadolinium injection has made it possible to assess the existence and the severity of hydrops in each compartment of the endolymphatic spacesin vivo. However, the relationship between vestibular endolymphatic hydrops (EH) visualized by MRI and vestibular functional tests, especially the correlation between caloric test, video-head impulse test, and semicircular canal hydrops, has not been well-investigated.Objective:The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the severity of EH in each compartment of otoliths and semicircular canal and the results of vestibular functional tests.Methods:In this retrospective study, we performed three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR) sequences following intratympanic gadolinium injection in 69 unilateral patients with definite Menière's disease. Vestibular and lateral semicircular canal hydrops was graded on MRI using a four grade criterion. All patients underwent pure-tone audiometry, cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), caloric test and video head impulse test (vHIT). The latency, amplitude and asymmetry ratio of VEMP, canal paresis (CP) and vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain of lateral semicircular canal of vHIT were collected. The correlation analysis were performed between the parameters of function test and EH.Results:Vestibular EH showed correlations with the duration of disease (r= 0.360) and pure tone average (r= 0.326). AR of cVEMP showed correlations with Vestibular EH (r= 0.407). CP (r= 0.367) and VOR gain of lateral semicircular canal at 60 ms (r= 0.311) showed correlations with lateral semicircular canal hydrops.Conclusion:EH in different compartments is readily visualized by using 3D-FLAIR MRI techniques. The degree of vestibular EH correlated with AR of cVEMP and EH in the semicircular canal ampullar affects the caloric and vHIT response in patients with unilateral Meniere‘s disease.
Immediate and delayed antibiotic prescribing strategies used by Australian early-career GPs: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Davey Andrew , Tapley Amanda , Mulquiney Katie J , van Driel Mieke , Fielding Alison , Holliday Elizabeth , Davis Joshua S , Glasziou Paul , Dallas Anthea , Ball Jean , Spike Neil , FitzGerald Kristen , Magin Parker 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundAntibiotics are overused for non-pneumonia acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs).AimTo establish prevalence and explore associations of delayed and immediate antibiotic prescribing strategies of Australian early-career GPs (specialist GP vocational trainees, also known as GP registrars) for non-pneumonia ARTIs.Design and settingCross-sectional analysis of data collected between September 2016 and December 2017 from the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training cohort (ReCEnT) study, an ongoing cohort study of GP registrars’ in-practice clinical experiences in four Australian states and territories.MethodMultinomial logistic regression with outcome antibiotic prescribing (no prescribing, immediate prescribing, and delayed prescribing).ResultsOf 7156 new ARTI diagnoses, no antibiotics were prescribed for 4892 (68%); antibiotics were prescribed for immediate use for 1614 diagnoses (23%) and delayed antibiotics were used for 650 diagnoses (9%). Delayed prescribing was used in 22% of otitis media, 16% of sinusitis, 13% of sore throat, 11% of acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis, and 5% of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) diagnoses. Delayed prescribing was used for 29% of all prescriptions written. Delayed prescribing and immediate prescribing were associated with markers of clinical concern. Delayed prescribing was associated with longer duration of consultation and with fewer diagnoses/problems dealt with in the consultation.ConclusionAustralian early-career GPs use no prescribing for ARTIs substantially more than established GPs; however, except where URTIs are concerned, they still prescribe antibiotics in excess of validated benchmarks. Australian early-career GPs may use delayed prescribing more often than European established GPs, and may use it to manage diagnostic uncertainty and, possibly, conflicting influences on prescribing behaviour. The use of delayed prescribing may enable a transition to an environment of more-rational antibiotic prescribing for ARTIs.
Penggunaan Metode Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Dalam Analisis Sistem Informasi Alista (Application Of Logistic And Supply Telkom Akses)
Authors: Irawati Tri , Rimawati Elistya , Pramesti Nayu Ariloka 
Published: June 2021

Karyawan PT Telkom Access Surakarta ditugaskan menyediakan dan menyiapkan bahan dengan jumlah dan waktu terbatas. Agar dapat dipenuhi, karyawan melakukan pekerjaan dengan cepat termasuk koordinasi, pengadaan, produksi, pasokan produk, termasuk administrasi harian dan memproses informasi dari teknisi kepada pelanggan untuk membuatnya lebih mudah untuk menggunakan aplikasi Alista. Apakah persepsi Desain Sistem, Kemudahan Sistem, Sikap penerimaan sistem, Perilaku menggunakan sistem diukur seberapa besar pengaruhnya terhadap kondisi nyata penggunaan sistem yang dipercaya oleh karyawan. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengukuran hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan TAM. Sampel penelitian 78 karyawan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa 35,2% dari empat variabel bebas yaitu Desain Antarmuka, Kemudahan Sistem, Sikap Penerimaan Sistem, Perilaku Penggunaan Sistem mempengaruhi kondisi nyata penggunaan sistem informasi. Berdasarkan hasil kuesioner dari semua responden terhadap variabel pertanyaan yang diteliti, hasil TAM dalam persentase 44% jawaban responden rata-rata sangat setuju dan 55% jawaban responden setuju.
SHOP-WINDOWS IN JAPAN: WESTERN "OMOTE" AND JAPANESE "MA"
Authors: Tret'yakova M. 
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the national specifics of Japanese shop-windows in an urban environment. In this regard, shop-windows are viewed from the point of view of the interaction of internal and external space, and not just as decor. The purpose of the article is to analyze how the traditional Japanese understanding of space was transformed under the influence of the Western lifestyle and the role of facades and shop-windows began to change. At the same time, it is important to understand that the Japanese designers managed to preserve the Japanese designers in shop-windows design after Westernization. First, according to F. Maki, the traditional Japanese concept of space "oku" ("oku - omote") is considered. Then, its transformation is investigated using the example of the so-called "sign houses" (kamban-kentiku). Then, in search of the national specifics of modern shop windows, the article studies modern shop-windows, and also analyzes the category of modern Japanese aesthetics "intermediate" "ma".
The study concluded that the traditional Japanese understanding of space as a reversible void, when the most important thing is located in the depths of the “oku”, faced with the western way of life, is transformed into the model “Japanese oku (depth) - western omote (front side) ". Thus, there are “signage houses” of the kamban-kenchiku, the facade of which is “western”, and the rest with its “oku” is Japanese. In the further transformation, initially "western" shop-windows are also beginning to acquire Japanese characteristics. The most important role in this process is played by the modern category of Japanese aesthetics "ma", although it is closely related to tradition. It can be understood both as a generating void and as a connecting space.
A Study on Recent Schemes and Initiatives of State Government for Promoting Primary Education in Karnataka
Authors: Harish N 
Published: June 2021

Education is an essential instrument of social transformation and economic development. Financing of primary education is of vital importance due to it being a fundamental right in most modern societies. Government spending on primary education in Karnataka has been increasing in recent years to improve access to and quality of education. Also, the Government of Karnataka has introduced many attractive schemes in the state and the support of the Central government and private organizations. The study aims at measuring the effectiveness of such programs on improving the enrolment and access of children at the primary education level in Karnataka.
LCT in Developing, Lower and Middle Income and Developed Countries
Authors: Shah Rajendra Kumar 
Published: June 2021

LCT has been a recurrent theme in many national educational policies in the global South and has had wide donor support through aid programs and smaller projects and localized innovations. However, the history of the implementation of LCT in different contexts is riddled with stories of failures, grand and small. This article provides an overview of the four major topics-context of LCT, LCT in lower and middle-income countries, LCT in the developing and LCT in the developed countries. The major aim of the article is to explore the status of LCT in underdeveloped, to develop and developed countries. For this purpose, I searched scholarly and online databases(Google Scholar, JStor, Proquest) that focus on LCT and related policies, trends, and issues in various countries. I used search terms associated with the various LCT topics in lower and middleincome countries, LCT in developing countries, and LCT in the developed countries. LCT is a traveling policy that has been endorsed by international agencies, national governments, and local innovators. As a globally traveling policy and practice, prescriptions and innovations regarding LCT are often found in contexts where it is culturally new and where the realities of educational governance and resources for schools have not historically accommodated it. Though there are several successful LCT projects, these are too few compared to the magnitude of the failures of the approach in developing countries. In a number of these countries, attempts at transforming traditional classrooms into LCT classrooms have failed. In a recent analysis of the research on LCT implementation, it was evident that the history of the implementation of LCT in different contexts is riddled with stories of failures, grand and small. Across a wide range of developing country contexts, the reports of tissue rejection as teachers and learners struggle to make the paradigm shift far outnumbered the stories of successful transitions from the pedagogies in place towards LCT.
Metaphoric Perceptions of Teachers and Administrators towards Uplifting Leadership
Authors: Özçeti̇n Serdar 
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to determine the perceptions of teachers and administrators about the concept of uplifting leadership in depth through metaphors. In this study, phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The study group of the research consists of 30 people, 15 administrators and 15 teachers who work in primary, secondary and high schools affiliated to Antalya Directorate of National Education and selected through snowball sampling, which is purposeful sampling methods. A structured questionary form was used as a data collection tool. Metaphors were used as a data collection method and the participants were asked to explain what they think uplifting leadership resembled with reasons. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data. The responses of the participants were classified and analyzed; the analysis was supported by direct quotations from the participants. NVivo package program was used to encode and classify the data. As a result of the study, it has been found that the metaphors produced by the participants contain features of the uplifting leadership by the changing management perception, such as being contemporary, constantly improving itself by following the innovations, trying to save organizations from the static structure, exciting employees for their improvement or institutional improvement, teaching them to dream, supporting different ideas, working in cooperation.
Digital Pedagogy for Sustainable Learning
Authors: Nanjundaswamy C , Baskaran S , Leela M H 
Published: June 2021

Digital pedagogy is essential now as the entire world moves towards digitalization in all fields. Technology has influenced a lot on learning and resulted in the development of digital pedagogy, which has become a vital part of today’s world. This paper focuses on the influence and benefits of digital pedagogy for sustainable learning. The multifaceted nature that supports the developing idea of sustainable learning is viable for collaborating and networking interdisciplinary. Introduction of common goals, shared values and means for sustainability become challenging to achieve until a rapid or fast advancement on data innovation and information technology, digital learning, and worldwide access to data, information communication technologies (ICT) and development of selforganized socio-technical networks. Another dimension for innovation is ‘Susthingsout’, which refers to a creative pedagogy with an enhanced teaching platform, improved e-magazine and virtual e-learning platforms. The word ‘Susthingsout’ means to uphold, encourage, and instill sustainable learning through the extensive and broad curriculum to the undergraduate course and various campus-based activities. In this regard, ‘Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)’ bridges the gap between the traditional and contemporary era that receives global acceptance and global reach. The present study outlines how contemporary platforms developed with unified efforts by combining experts, professionals, academicians, practitioners, learners and curriculum as a result of blended application on theory and practical knowledge and augments students’ employability. The study aims to examine the viability of academic practice, skills beyond disciplines, the classroom and the institution. The conceptual model has been initiated on Digital Collaboration and Sustainable Learning. Therefore, collaborative learning, blended learning, flipped learning, open conversation, creativity and innovation are at the heart of education and it is a system for sustainable learning and development.
Privatization of School Education: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Lhungdim Mercy Lamneichong , Hangsing E 
Published: June 2021

Privatization has grown tremendously in the field of education in India to meet the growing demands for education in society. Privatization of education refers to the transfer of provision of education from the state to private providers with the overall policy goals- (i) Increasing access to and participation in basic education, (ii) Improving learning outcomes and overall efficiency and (iii) Improving equity in educational opportunities (Pedró, et al., 2015). School Education plays an important role in shaping the future of the nation by facilitating all-round development of the student. Keeping in view the increasing popularity and rapid growth of a number of private schools and contributions it made to society also comes with its problems. It is equally important on pragmatic grounds to examine the move towards privatization and its problems. In light of this, the present paper attempts to analyse the problems and prospects of privatization of school education as perceived by parents, teachers and students with special reference to Churachandpur District, Manipur.