bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Behavioural Syndrome in Subadult Indian Social Spiders But Not Over the Short‐Term or in Juveniles
Authors: Parthasarathy Bharat , Somanathan Hema , Wright Jonathan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAnimal personalities and behavioural syndromes have overarching implications for individual survival, fitness and cooperative task participation. In social spiders, personality in boldness and aggression, and their association into behavioural syndromes, are thought to play a role in individual participation and task specialisation in collective behaviours, such as prey capture. However, recent retractions of key publications in this field have exposed gaps and uncertainties in our understanding of factors governing task performance in social spider colonies. Here, we analyse an already‐published data set on animal personalities in the Indian social spider Stegodyphus sarasinorum to investigate whether boldness and aggression form a behavioural syndrome and assess its persistence over the short‐ and long‐term, and across age classes. Boldness and aggression were negatively correlated traits, forming a syndrome, but only over the long‐term in subadult spiders, and not over the short‐term in subadults or in juveniles. These results provide evidence for the existence of a behavioural syndrome in at least one social spider species. However, more work is now required to fully understand the observed inconsistencies in behavioural syndrome structures and animal personalities, as well as their possible role(s) in mediating task partitioning and collective performance in social spider colonies.
Is It Still Possible to Collect Nationally Representative Marriage Data in the United States? A Case Study From the CREATE Project
Authors: James Spencer L. , Yorgason Jeremy B. , Holmes Erin K. , Johnson David R. , Busby Dean M. 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo understand challenges in the data collection environment for collecting nationally representative data and discuss one study's response to these challenges.BackgroundThe United States is undergoing impressive and transformational social change related to marriage. Social scientists' ability to study such changes are contingent on being able to minimize sampling error (the difference between the sample and the population), accomplished most reliably by collecting representative survey data and making concomitant generalizations from them. Given the expected low response rates in contemporary survey research, it is natural to ask whether it is still possible to collect high‐quality, nationally representative survey data on marriage and family.Method and ResultsThis article presents an argument about the importance of continuing to collect nationally representative data on marriages and families, a discussion about the challenges associated with the task, an example of how one project managed and dealt with that environment, and data comparisons between multiple sampling methods.ConclusionDespite the challenges, scholars must continue to pursue nationally representative data to inform knowledge of national trends and relationships.ImplicationsA greater focus on sampling methods and a study's concomitant generalizability and external validity will improve knowledge of trends in marriage and family relationships, leading to improved therapeutic practice; more informed policymaking; and better theoretical, conceptual, and methodological understanding of key family processes and outcomes.
Variation in the distribution of yellowfin sole Limanda aspera larvae in warm and cold years in the eastern Bering Sea
Authors: Porter Steven M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMultiyear periods of relatively cold temperatures (2007–2013) and warm temperatures (2001–2005 and 2014–2018) altered the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem, affecting ocean currents and wind patterns, plankton community, and spatial distribution of fishes. Yellowfin sole Limanda aspera larvae were collected from the inner domain (≤50 m depth) of the eastern Bering Sea among four warm years (2002, 2004, 2005, 2016), an average year (2006), and three cold years (2007, 2010, 2012). Spatial distribution and density of larvae among those years was analyzed using generalized additive models that included timing of sea‐ice retreat, areal coverage of water ≤0°C, and water temperature as covariates. Analyses indicated a combination of temperature effects on the location and timing of spawning, and on egg and larval survival, may explain the variation in larval density and distribution among years. During warm years, higher density and wider spatial distribution of larvae may be due to earlier spawning, an expansion of the spawning area, and higher egg and larvae survival due to favorable temperatures. Larval distribution contracted shoreward, and density was lower during cold conditions and was likely due to fish spawning closer to shore to remain in preferred temperatures, later spawning, and increased mortality. Predicted drift trajectories from spawning areas showed that larvae would reach nursery grounds in most years. Years when the drift period was longer than the pelagic phase of the larvae occurred during both warm and cold conditions indicating that settlement outside of nursery areas could happen during either temperature condition.
Effect of chlorine and chromium on sulfur solubility in low‐activity waste glass
Authors: Jin Tongan , Rivers Eden L. , Kim Dongsang , Droubay Timothy C. , Jahrman Evan P. , Mar Derek , Weese Brigitte L. , Seidler Gerald T. , Kruger Albert A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAccording to an empirical sulfur solubility model developed from over 200 simulated low‐activity waste (LAW) glasses, chlorine and chromium show strong effects on lowering sulfur solubility in glass. This work investigates the saturation concentrations of the sulfur, chlorine, and chromium anionic species coexisting in a glass matrix. A simplified LAW glass was prepared and saturated by sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, and sodium chromate salts as single components and as mixtures with different ratios at 25 mol%, 50 mol%, and 75 mol% of sulfate mixed with chloride or chromate. A crucible‐scale salt‐saturation was performed to determine saturation concentrations of sulfur, chromium, and chlorine incorporated into the simplified LAW glass. The glass compositions were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy, ion chromatography, and X‐ray emission spectroscopy. The chemical analysis data show that the chromium and chlorine incorporated in the glass have strong negative effects on sulfur solubility, which can be qualitatively explained by the sulfur, chlorine, and chromium ions competing for voids in the glass matrix.
What influences the purchase of virtual gifts in live streaming in China? A cultural context‐sensitive model
Authors: Guan Zhengzhi , Hou Fangfang , Li Boying , Phang Chee Wei , Chong Alain Yee‐Loong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChina is one of the largest and fastest‐growing markets for live streaming, and the purchase of virtual gifts in live streaming is the core for streamers and live streaming platforms in China to survive and thrive. Compared to western countries, live streaming in China highlights the lively social atmosphere and heated social interactions among streamers and viewers. This study develops a cultural context‐sensitive model that contextualises the purchase of virtual gifts in live streaming in China. Specifically, we focus on the viewer's social experience and the social atmosphere in live streaming which have received limited attention yet. We introduce viewers' social perceptions with regard to the streamer and other viewers (ie, perceived proximity to the streamer and sense of belonging to the viewer crowd) and show how such social perceptions contribute to the development of flow experience, which subsequently leads to purchase intention. This study also reveals how such social perceptions can be shaped by the contextual setting consisting of the IT‐related factors of live streaming (ie, responsiveness, two‐way communication, social presence, and self‐presentation) and the cultural characteristics of China (ie, social orientation and harmony). Our research offers both theoretical guidance for practitioners into cultivating viewers' purchase of virtual gifts in China's live streaming.
Phenotypic differentiation among native, expansive and introduced populations influences invasion success
Authors: Lázaro‐Lobo Adrián , Moles Angela T. , Fried Guillaume , Verloove Filip , Antonio Campos Juan , Herrera Mercedes , Goñi Elena , Bioret Fréderic , Buffa Gabriella , Fantinato Edy , Sentinella Alexander , Zalucki Myron P. , Mayfield Margaret , Smith Tobias , Catling Alexandra , Zalucki Jacinta M. , Lucardi Rima D. , Shoemaker Cory M. , Mason David S. , Ervin Gary N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimHumans influence species distributions by modifying the environment and by dispersing species beyond their natural ranges. Populations of species that have established in disjunct regions of the world may exhibit trait differentiation from native populations due to founder effects and adaptations to selection pressures in each distributional region. We compared multiple native, expansive and introduced populations of a single species across the world, considering the influence of environmental stressors and transgenerational effects.LocationUnited States Gulf and Atlantic coasts, United States interior, European Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts, east coast of Australia.TaxonBaccharis halimifolia L. (eastern baccharis).MethodsWe monitored seed germination, seedling emergence, survival and early growth in a common garden experiment, conducted with over 18,200 seeds from 80 populations. We also evaluated the influence of environmental stress and maternal traits on progeny performance.ResultsIntroduced European Atlantic populations had faster germination and early growth than native populations. However, this was not the case for the more recently naturalized European Mediterranean populations. Introduced Australian populations grew faster than native populations in non‐saline environments but had lower survival in saline conditions commonly encountered in the native range. Similarly, expansive inland US populations germinated faster than coastal native populations in non‐saline environments but grew and germinated more slowly in saline environments. Maternal inflorescence and plant size were positively related with seed germination and seedling survival, whereas flower abundance was positively correlated with seedling early growth and survival. However, maternal traits explained a much lower fraction of the total variation in early demographic stages of B. halimifolia than did distributional range.Main conclusionsPhenotypic differentiation could allow B. halimifolia to adapt to different biotic and abiotic selection pressures found in each distributional range, potentially contributing to its success in introduced and expansive ranges.
Knockdown of miR‐423‐5p simultaneously upgrades the eNOS and VEGFa pathways in ADSCs and improves erectile function in diabetic rats
Authors: Zhou Jun , Yin Yinghao , Yang Yuan , Peng Dongyi , Wei Jingchao , Yin Guangming , Tang Yuxin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the possibility of miR‐423‐5p modified adipose‐derived stem cell (ADSCs) therapy on streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction (DMED) rats. MiR‐423‐5p was knocked down in ADSCs. ADSCs, NC‐miR‐ADSCs and miR‐ADSCs were co‐cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Normal and high glucose media were supplemented. The supernatant and HUVECs were collected for assessment of eNOS and VEGFa expression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. HUVECs co‐cultured with ADSCs or miR‐ADSCs exhibited higher eNOS and VEGFa protein expression levels compared to DM groups. MiR‐ADSCs enhanced HUVEC proliferation compared to the ADSCs and NC‐miR‐ADSCs. Lower apoptotic rates were observed when HUVECs were co‐cultured with miR‐ADSCs, compared to ADSCs and NC‐miR‐ADSCs. Fifteen male Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats aged 12 weeks were induced to develop diabetes mellitus by intraperitoneal injection with STZ, and five healthy SD rats were used as normal controls. Eight weeks after developing diabetes, the rats received ADSCs and miR‐ADSCs via injection into the corpora cavernosa, whereas normal controls and DM controls were injected with saline. Erectile function and histological assessment of penile tissues were performed 8 weeks after injection. The ICP/MAP indicated that erectile function was impaired in the DM rats compared with the normal group. Injection of ADSCs and miR‐ADSCs improved erectile function significantly and was associated with the overexpression of eNOS and VEGFa. MiR‐423‐5p knockdown in ADSCs ameliorated high glucose‐mediated damage to HUVECs and improved erectile function in DM rats by inducing eNOS and VEGFa overexpression, indicating that miR‐423‐5p may be a potential target in the treatment of DMED.
Practical management of epidermolysis bullosa: consensus clinical position statement from the European Reference Network for Rare Skin Diseases
Authors: Has C. , El Hachem M. , Bučková H. , Fischer P. , Friedová M. , Greco C. , Nevoránková P. , Salavastru C. , Mellerio J.E. , Zambruno G. , Bodemer C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) comprises rare disorders that manifest with fragility and blistering of the skin and mucous membranes, with variable clinical severity. Management of EB is challenging due to disease rarity and complexity, the wide range of extracutaneous manifestations and a profound impact on daily life for the patient and family members. Although reference centres providing multidisciplinary care for EB exist in each European country, it is common for healthcare professionals that are not specialized in this rare disorder to treat EB patients. Here, experts of the European Reference Network for Rare and Undiagnosed Skin Diseases (ERN‐Skin, https://ern‐skin.eu) propose practical recommendations for the diagnosis and management of the commonest clinical issues, skin blisters and wounds, oral manifestations, pain and itch.
Bifocal 532/1064 nm alternately illuminated photoacoustic microscopy for capturing deep vascular morphology in human skin
Authors: Wang Z. , Yang F. , Ma H. , Cheng Z. , Zhang W. , Xiong K. , Shen T. , Yang S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs a promising technology, photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) plays a critical role in diagnosis and assessment of dermatological conditions by providing subtle vascular networks non‐invasively. However, the established PAMs are insufficient for clinical dermatology when faced with complex structures of human skin instead of animal models owing to high melanin content and superimposed vasculature for Asians, which cannot balance the spatial resolution and the imaging depth.ObjectivesTo evaluate the ability of bifocal 532/1064‐nm alternately illuminated photoacoustic microscopy (BF‐PAM) to non‐invasively reveal the morphological structure of human skin for improving the diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy of skin diseases.MethodsA BF‐PAM was developed to capture biopsy‐like information of human skin from epidermis to hypodermis. The optical foci of the two excitation beams are staggered in the axial direction to form an extended depth‐of‐field, which can maintain the lateral resolution and the contrast of PA image.ResultsThe imaging capability of the BF‐PAM was demonstrated by depicting the vascular morphology of multilayered skin with imaging depth of ˜3 mm. Furtherly, vascular malformations in port‐wine stains skin were quantitatively assessed without the need for any contrast agent, and the distribution, depth and diameter of the ectatic vessels can determine an optimal treatment protocol for port‐wine stains lesions.ConclusionsThe quantitative vascular morphology in the dermis can be used to accurately assess vascular characteristics, in which case it enables clinicians to determine optimum treatment parameters in individual patients. As a non‐invasive imaging technique, BF‐PAM holds great potential to provide objective assessment to enhance the therapeutic efficacy.Ethical statementThe study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). The study was approved by the Chinese Ethics Committee of Registering Clinical Trials (ChiECRCT20200184) and registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000034400). Before skin imaging, written informed consent was taken from all individual participants.
Welfare recipients’ transition into employment and employment stability in Germany
Authors: Dengler Katharina , Hohmeyer Katrin , Zabel Cordula 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile flexible labour markets offer employment opportunities for unemployed individuals, they might not foster stable employment. This paper studies the determinants of unemployed welfare recipients’ transitions into employment and its stability in Germany. The analyses are based on an inflow sample of welfare recipients from large‐scale administrative data and semi‐parametric hazard models with individual‐level frailty. Some labour market segments offer quick employment entry but not sustainable employment. While human capital is positively related to employment take‐up and stability for both sexes, the role of several sociodemographic determinants differs by gender.
Renoprotection with sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors in children: Knowns and unknowns
Authors: Jiang Buchun , Cheng Zhiwen , Liu Fei , Li Qiuyu , Fu Haidong , Mao Jianhua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors represent novel hypoglycemic drugs for the treatment of adult diabetes that have shown considerable potential for cardioprotection and renoprotection. This new drug can inhibit SGLT2 at the proximal tubule, increase glucosuria and natriuresis, and thus decreases the serum glucose level and blood pressure. Furthermore, the tubuloglomerular feedback activated by the natriuresis can decrease glomerular hyperfiltration, acknowledged as the main foundation of renoprotection. Several studies have confirmed the protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the kidneys of adult diabetic patients and those with non‐diabetic nephropathy; however, limited researches are seen in paediatric patients. In this review, we have summarized the mechanisms of action of SGLT2 inhibitors, the current experiences in adults, results of exploratory studies in children, and adverse events & obstacles of paediatric use. We further explore the potential and possible future research direction of SGLT2 inhibitors in paediatric diseases.
Activating HRAS mutation in a case of inverted ductal papilloma of the salivary gland
Authors: Ide Fumio , Ito Yumi , Kikuchi Kentaro , Satomura Kazuhito , Ogawa Ikuko , Yamamoto Hidetaka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInverted ductal papilloma (IDP) is one of the least common benign papillary/cystic neoplasms of the salivary duct system, being characterized histologically by florid hyperplasia of duct‐type epithelial cells into a cystic lumen near the orifice with occasional endophytic growth of the surface squamous epithelium along the terminus of the affected excretory duct. Given its rarity, the exact etiology of IDP remains to be defined. We herein present the first evidence of oncogenic HRAS mutation in a case of oral IDP. This finding, together with the frequent and specific BRAF mutations in sialadenoma papilliferum reported in the recent literature, supports an active role of the MAP‐kinase cascade in the pathogenesis of benign papillary neoplasms of terminal duct origin.
Flower colour and size signals differ depending on geographical location and altitude region
Authors: Garcia J. E. , Dyer A. G. , Burd M. , Shrestha M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Bees are major pollinators of angiosperms and have phylogenetically conserved colour vision but differ in how various key species use achromatic information that is vital for both flower detection and size processing.

We modelled green contrast and colour contrast signals from flowers of different countries where there are well established differences in availability of model bee species along altitudinal gradients. We tested for consistency in visual signals as expected from generalization in pollination principles using phylogenetically informed linear models.

Patterns of chromatic contrast, achromatic green contrast and flower size differed among the three floras we examined. In Nepal there is a significant positive correlation between flower size and colour contrast in the subalpine region, but a negative correlation at the lower altitudes. At high elevations in Norway, where pollinators other than bees are common, flower size was positively correlated with colour contrast. At low and medium altitudes in Norway and in Australia, we did not observe a significant relationship between size and colour contrast.

We thus find that the relationship between size, green and colour contrast cannot be generalized across communities, thus suggesting that flower visual signal adaptations to local pollinators are not limited to chromatic contrast.
The seeds of invasion: enhanced germination in invasive European populations of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) compared to native American populations
Authors: Bouteiller X. P. , Moret F. , Ségura R. , Klisz M. , Martinik A. , Monty A. , Pino J. , van Loo M. , Wojda T. , Porté A. J. , Mariette S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Local adaptation and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity may facilitate biological invasions. Both processes can enhance germination and seedling recruitment, which are crucial life‐history traits for plants. The rate, timing and speed of germination have recently been documented as playing a major role during the invasion process. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a North American tree, which has spread widely throughout Europe. A recent study demonstrated that a few populations are the source of European black locust. Thus, invasive populations can be compared to native ones in order to identify genetic‐based phenotypic differentiation and the role of phenotypic plasticity can thereby be assessed.

A quantitative genetics experiment was performed to evaluate 13 juvenile traits of both native and invasive black locust populations (3000 seeds, 20 populations) subjected to three different thermal treatments (18 °C, 22 °C and 31 °C).

The results revealed European populations to have a higher germination rate than the native American populations (88% versus 60%), and even when genetic distance between populations was considered. Moreover, this trait showed lower plasticity to temperature in the invasive range than in the native one. Conversely, other studied traits showed high plasticity to temperature, but they responded in a similar way to temperature increase: the warmer the temperature, the higher the growth rate or germination traits values.

The demonstrated genetic differentiation between native and invasive populations testifies to a shift between ranges for the maximum germination percentage. This pattern could be due to human‐mediated introduction of black locust.