bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of resistance training set configuration on strength and muscular performance adaptations in male powerlifters
Authors: Arazi Hamid , Khoshnoud Amin , Asadi Abbas , Tufano James J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different set configurations on strength and muscular performance adaptations after an 8-week resistance training program. Twenty-four male powerlifters participated in this study and were randomly assigned to one of two resistance training groups: (1) cluster sets (CS: n = 8), (2), traditional sets (TS: n = 8), and a control group (CG: n = 8). All powerlifters were evaluated for thigh and arm circumference, upper and lower body impulsive activities, and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) in the back squat, bench press, and deadlift prior to and after the 8-week training intervention. After training, both the CS and TS groups increased arm and thigh circumferences and decreased body fat. The CS group resulted in greater increases in upper and lower body impulsive activities than the TS group, respectively. In addition, the CS and TS groups indicated similar changes in 1RM bench press, back squat, and deadlift following the 8 weeks training intervention. These results suggest that cluster sets induce adaptive changes that favor impulsive activities in powerlifters.
Bias-controlled multi-functional transport properties of InSe/BP van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Cho Sang-Hoo , Jang Hanbyeol , Im Heungsoon , Lee Donghyeon , Lee Je-Ho , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Seong Maeng-Je , Lee Byoung Hun , Lee Kayoung 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, consisting of a variety of low-dimensional materials, have great potential use in the design of a wide range of functional devices thanks to their atomically thin body and strong electrostatic tunability. Here, we demonstrate multi-functional indium selenide (InSe)/black phosphorous (BP) heterostructures encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride. At a positive drain bias (VD), applied on the BP while the InSe is grounded, our heterostructures show an intermediate gate voltage (VBG) regime where the current hardly changes, working as a ternary transistor. By contrast, at a negative VD, the device shows strong negative differential transconductance characteristics; the peak current increases up to ~5 μA and the peak-to-valley current ratio reaches 1600 at VD = −2 V. Four-terminal measurements were performed on each layer, allowing us to separate the contributions of contact resistances and channel resistance. Moreover, multiple devices with different device structures and contacts were investigated, providing insight into the operation principle and performance optimization. We systematically investigated the influence of contact resistances, heterojunction resistance, channel resistance, and the thickness of BP on the detailed operational characteristics at different VD and VBG regimes.
Patient-derived organoids as a predictive biomarker for treatment response in cancer patients
Authors: Wensink G. Emerens , Elias Sjoerd G. , Mullenders Jasper , Koopman Miriam , Boj Sylvia F. , Kranenburg Onno W. , Roodhart Jeanine M. L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEffective predictive biomarkers are needed to enable personalized medicine and increase treatment efficacy and survival for cancer patients, thereby reducing toxic side effects and treatment costs. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) enable individualized tumour response testing. Since 2018, 17 publications have examined PDOs as a potential predictive biomarker in the treatment of cancer patients. We review and provide a pooled analysis of the results regarding the use of PDOs in individualized tumour response testing, focusing on evidence for analytical validity, clinical validity and clinical utility. We identify future perspectives to accelerate the implementation of PDOs as a predictive biomarker in the treatment of cancer patients.
Population genomics and antimicrobial resistance dynamics of Escherichia coli in wastewater and river environments
Authors: Delgado-Blas Jose F. , Ovejero Cristina M. , David Sophia , Montero Natalia , Calero-Caceres William , Garcillan-Barcia M. Pilar , de la Cruz Fernando , Muniesa Maite , Aanensen David M. , Gonzalez-Zorn Bruno 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAquatic environments are key niches for the emergence, evolution and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. However, the population diversity and the genetic elements that drive the dynamics of resistant bacteria in different aquatic environments are still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to understand the population genomics and evolutionary events of Escherichia coli resistant to clinically important antibiotics including aminoglycosides, in anthropogenic and natural water ecosystems. Here we show that less different E. coli sequence types (STs) are identified in wastewater than in rivers, albeit more resistant to antibiotics, and with significantly more plasmids/cell (6.36 vs 3.72). However, the genomic diversity within E. coli STs in both aquatic environments is similar. Wastewater environments favor the selection of conserved chromosomal structures associated with diverse flexible plasmids, unraveling promiscuous interplasmidic resistance genes flux. On the contrary, the key driver for river E. coli adaptation is a mutable chromosome along with few plasmid types shared between diverse STs harboring a limited resistance gene content.
A positive charge region of Salmonella FliI is required for ATPase formation and efficient flagellar protein export
Authors: Kinoshita Miki , Namba Keiichi , Minamino Tohru 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe FliH2FliI complex is thought to pilot flagellar subunit proteins from the cytoplasm to the transmembrane export gate complex for flagellar assembly in Salmonella enterica. FliI also forms a homo-hexamer to hydrolyze ATP, thereby activating the export gate complex to become an active protein transporter. However, it remains unknown how this activation occurs. Here we report the role of a positively charged cluster formed by Arg-26, Arg-27, Arg-33, Arg-76 and Arg-93 of FliI in flagellar protein export. We show that Arg-33 and Arg-76 are involved in FliI ring formation and that the fliI(R26A/R27A/R33A/R76A/R93A) mutant requires the presence of FliH to fully exert its export function. We observed that gain-of-function mutations in FlhB increased the probability of substrate entry into the export gate complex, thereby restoring the export function of the ∆fliH fliI(R26A/R27A/R33A/R76A/R93A) mutant. We suggest that the positive charge cluster of FliI is responsible not only for well-regulated hexamer assembly but also for substrate entry into the gate complex.
Asymmetric azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition on chiral metal surfaces
Authors: Stolz Samuel , Bauer Michael , Pignedoli Carlo A. , Krane Nils , Bommert Max , Turco Elia , Bassi Nicolò , Kinikar Amogh , Merino-Dìez Néstor , Hany Roland , Brune Harald , Gröning Oliver , Widmer Roland 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAchieving fundamental understanding of enantioselective heterogeneous synthesis is marred by the permanent presence of multitudinous arrangements of catalytically active sites in real catalysts. In this study, we address this issue by using structurally comparatively simple, well-defined, and chiral intermetallic PdGa{111} surfaces as catalytic substrates. We demonstrate the impact of chirality transfer and ensemble effect for the thermally activated azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition between 3-(4-azidophenyl)propionic acid and 9-ethynylphenanthrene on these threefold symmetric intermetallic surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Specifically, we encounter a dominating ensemble effect for this reaction as on the Pd3-terminated PdGa{111} surfaces no stable heterocoupled structures are created, while on the Pd1-terminated PdGa{111} surfaces, the cycloaddition proceeds regioselectively. Moreover, we observe chirality transfer from the substrate to the reaction products, as they are formed enantioselectively on the Pd1-terminated PdGa{111} surfaces. Our results evidence a determinant ensemble effect and the immense potential of PdGa as asymmetric heterogeneous catalyst.
Coherent control of acoustic phonons in a silica fiber using a multi-GHz optical frequency comb
Authors: Endo Mamoru , Kimura Shota , Tani Shuntaro , Kobayashi Yohei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMulti-gigahertz mechanical vibrations that stem from interactions between light fields and matter—known as acoustic phonons—have long been a subject of research. In recent years, specially designed functional devices have been developed to enhance the strength of the light-matter interactions because excitation of acoustic phonons using a continuous-wave laser alone is insufficient. However, the strength of the interaction cannot be controlled appropriately or instantly using these structurally-dependent enhancements. Here we show a technique to control the effective interaction strength that does not operate via the material structure in the spatial domain; instead, the method operates through the structure of the light in the time domain. The effective excitation and coherent control of acoustic phonons in a single-mode fiber using an optical frequency comb that is performed by tailoring the optical pulse train. This work represents an important step towards comb-matter interactions.
Frustrated magnet for adiabatic demagnetization cooling to milli-Kelvin temperatures
Authors: Tokiwa Yoshifumi , Bachus Sebastian , Kavita Kavita , Jesche Anton , Tsirlin Alexander A. , Gegenwart Philipp 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGeneration of very low temperatures has been crucially important for applications and fundamental research, as low-temperature quantum coherence enables operation of quantum computers and formation of exotic quantum states, such as superfluidity and superconductivity. One of the major techniques to reach milli-Kelvin temperatures is adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration. This method uses almost non-interacting magnetic moments of paramagnetic salts where large distances suppress interactions between the moments. The large spatial separations are facilitated by water molecules, with a drawback of reduced stability of the material. Here, we show that the water-free frustrated magnet KBaYb(BO3)2 can be ideal for refrigeration, achieving at least 22 mK. Compared to conventional refrigerants, KBaYb(BO3)2 does not degrade even under high temperatures and ultra-high vacuum. Further, its magnetic frustration and structural randomness enable cooling to temperatures several times lower than the energy scale of magnetic interactions, which is the main limiting factor for the base temperature of conventional refrigerants.
Hydroxyurea affects in vitro porcine oocyte maturation through increased apoptosis and oxidative stress
Authors: Gao Wei , Jin Yongxun , Hao Jindong , Huang Siyi , Wang Dongxu , Quan Fushi , Zhang Mingjun , Zhang Jiabao , Ren Wenzhi , Yu Xianfeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) is an FDA-approved drug used to treat a variety of diseases, especially malignancies, but is harmful to fertility. We used porcine oocytes as an experimental model to study the effect of HU during oocyte maturation. Exposure of cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) to 20 µM (P&lt;0.01) and 50 µM (P&lt;0.001) HU reduced oocyte maturation. Exposure to 20 µM HU induced approximately 1.5- and 2-fold increases in Caspase-3 (P&lt;0.001) and P53 (P&lt;0.01) gene expression levels in cumulus cells, respectively, increased Caspase-3 (P&lt;0.01) and P53 (P&lt;0.001) protein expression levels in metaphase II (MII) oocytes and increased the percentage of apoptotic cumulus cells (P&lt;0.001). In addition, HU decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δφm) (P&lt;0.01 and P&lt;0.001) and glutathione (GSH) levels (P&lt;0.01 and P&lt;0.001) of both cumulus cells and MII oocytes, while increasing their reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (P&lt;0.001). Following parthenogenetic activation of embryos derived from MII oocytes, exposure to 20 µM HU significantly reduced total blastocyst cell numbers (P&lt;0.001) and increased apoptosis of blastocyst cells (P&lt;0.001). Moreover, HU exposure reduced the rate of development of two-celled, four- to eight-celled, blastocyst, and hatching stages after parthenogenetic activation (P&lt;0.05). Our findings indicate that exposure to 20 µM HU caused significant oxidative stress and apoptosis of MII oocytes during maturation, which affected their developmental ability. These results provide valuable information for safety assessments of HU.
Radial incision and cutting combined with balloon dilation for refractory pancreaticojejunostomy anastomotic strictures
Authors: Inoue Tadahisa , Ibusuki Mayu , Kitano Rena , Kobayashi Yuji , Ohashi Tomohiko , Sumida Yoshio , Nakade Yukiomi , Ito Kiyoaki , Yoneda Masashi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic balloon dilation (BD) and temporary stent placement for pancreaticojejunostomy anastomotic stricture (PJAS) achieves good short-term outcomes; however, stricture recurrences remain frequent. We examined the feasibility of performing radial incision and cutting (RIC) combined with BD for refractory PJAS.
Patients and methods Five consecutive patients with refractory PJAS who underwent RIC with BD between 2015 and 2018 were retrospectively investigated. We evaluated the technical and clinical success, adverse event (AE), and recurrence rates associated with RIC with BD.
Results In all five patients, technical and clinical success were achieved. Pancreatic stone removal was simultaneously performed in one patient. The mean procedure time was 18 minutes (range 12–23 minutes). There were no procedure-related AEs. All patients were followed for over 2 years, with a mean follow-up period of 33 months (range 24–40 months). During the follow-up period, none of the patients developed stricture recurrence and all anastomoses remained patent.
Conclusions This is the first report of RIC with BD for the treatment of refractory PJAS, showing favorable results. This combined procedure might be a useful option for treating refractory PJAS.
The 2016 Edition of the WHO Classification of Primary Brain Tumors: Applicable to Assess Individual Risk of Recurrence in Atypical Meningioma? A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Unteroberdörster Meike , Michel Anna , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Jabbarli Ramazan , Hindy Nicolai El , Wrede Karsten H. , Sure Ulrich , Pierscianek Daniela 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and Study Aims/Object Despite the relevance of molecular criteria for brain tumor diagnosis and prognosis, meningioma grading is still solely based on histologic features. Atypical meningiomas (AMs; WHO grade II) display a great histologic heterogeneity and individual courses of disease can differ significantly. This study aimed to identify clinically aggressive AMs that are prone to early recurrence after gross total resection (GTR) by assessing a specific histologic score.
Patients and Methods A retrospective analysis of 28 consecutive patients (17 females and 11 males; mean age of 62 years [range: 35–88 years]) treated in our institution between January 2006 and December 2015 was performed. Basic demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed. A scoring scale was designed to address the histologic diversity by summing up the individual histologic features in every tumor sample. According to that, points were awarded as follows: major AM defining criterion (3 points) and minor criterion (1 point).
Results The subclassification based on our specific histologic score revealed no significant difference in frequency of one (46.4%) or two (42.9%) AM defining features; three criteria were less frequently seen (10.7%). Mean follow-up was 61.89 ± 9.03 months. Local recurrence occurred in 35.7% after a mean time of 37.4 ± 22.6 months after primary surgery. Age > 60 years was significantly associated with a shorter progression-free survival (PFS). There was a trend toward shorter PFS with increasing scores, tantamount with the presence of several AM defining histologic criteria in one sample. No tumor relapse was seen when diagnosis was based only on minor criteria.
Conclusion AMs display a histologic diversity. There is a trend toward shorter PFS with increasing numbers of AM defining histologic features. The inclusion of this score in the decision algorithm regarding further treatment for patients >60 years after GTR might be helpful and should be evaluated in further studies.
Laminectomy versus Unilateral Hemilaminectomy for the Removal of Intraspinal Schwannoma: Experience of a Single Institution and Review of Literature
Authors: Dobran Mauro , Paracino Riccardo , Nasi Davide , Aiudi Denis , Capece Mara , Carrassi Erika , Lattanzi Simona , Rienzo Alessandro DI , Iacoangeli Maurizio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and Study Aims Spinal schwannomas are benign slow-growing tumors, and gross total resection is the gold standard of treatment. The conventional surgical approach is laminectomy, which provides a wide working area. Today minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is popular because it is associated with shorter hospital stay, less operative blood loss, minimized tissue traumas and relative postoperative pain, and, and spine surgery, avoidance of spinal instability.
Material and Methods From January 2016 to December 2019, we operated on 40 patients with spinal intradural extramedullary tumor (schwannoma) with laminectomy or hemilaminectomy. Baseline medical data, including patients' sex and age, tumor location, days of postoperative bed rest, operative time, length of hospitalization, and 1-month visual analog scale (VAS) value were collected and analyzed. Data analysis was performed using STATA/IC 13.1 statistical package (StataCorp LP, College Station, Texas, United States).
Results Hemilaminectomy was associated with faster operative time (p < 0.001), shorter postoperative time spent in bed (p < 0.001), and shorter hospitalization (p < 0.001). At 1-month follow-up, the mean VAS score was 4.6 (1.7) among the laminectomy patients and 2.5 (1.3) among the hemilaminectomy patients (p < 0.001). Postoperative complications occurred in 1 (7.7%) and 7 (25.9%) patients in the hemilaminectomy and laminectomy groups, respectively (p = 0.177).
Conclusions Unilateral hemilaminectomy has significant advantages compared with laminectomy in spinal schwannoma surgery including shorter operative time, less time spent in bed, shorter hospitalization, and less postoperative pain.
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma in the Area of the Neurovascular Bundle of the Upper Arm Mimicking a Schwannoma of the Ulnar Nerve
Authors: Scheller Christian , Rampp Stefan , Prell Julian , Strauss Christian , John Endres , Jörg Ukkat , Diessel Linda , Brandt Silvio , Müller Tobias 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEpithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EH) is a rare vascular malignant sarcoma. To date, there are only two published case reports of EH mimicking nerve sheath tumors of a peripheral nerve. A 41-year-old woman presented with a painful node on the inside of the upper arm and motor deficits of the ulnar nerve. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) follow-up and neurosonography revealed a slowly progressive, contrast-enhancing tumor in the area of the neurovascular bundle. A schwannoma of the ulnar nerve was suspected. At surgery, the tumor was adherent to the brachial artery, but not to nerves. Pathology revealed an EH. EH may mimic a nerve sheath tumor and should be taken into consideration, especially because of its potential for metastasis and fatal progression.
Status of Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Glutathione S-Transferase, and Myeloperoxidase Gene Polymorphisms in Beta-Thalassemia Major Patients to Assess Oxidative Injury and Its Association with Enzyme Activities
Authors: Tripathi Poonam , Agarwal Sarita , Tewari Satyendra , Mandal Kausik 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBeta-thalassemic patients require regular blood transfusion to sustain their life which leads to iron overload and causes oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of variants in genes including GSTM1, GSTT1 (null/present), CT-262 (C > T) and CT-89 (A > T), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). The genotype studies were conducted with 200 thalassemia major (TM) patients and 200 healthy controls. Genotyping of GST gene was performed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whereas for CT, GPx and MPO genesvariants PCR- restriction fragment length polymorphism technique used. However, the enzyme activities were measured only in the patients group to assess the association with the genotypes. All enzyme estimations were performed by ELISA. We observed higher frequency of GSTT1 null, CT-89 (A > T), GPx1 198 (C > T) and MPO-463 (G > A) polymorphisms in TM patient than healthy controls. However, CT-262 (C > T) polymorphism was not found to be statistically significantly different between patients and controls. Our results suggest that frequency of null allele of glutathione-S-transferase is significantly high among TM patients. The other alleles CT-89 (A > T), GPx1 198 (C > T), and MPO-463 (G > A) are linked to decreased CT, GPX, and MPO enzyme activities.
Advances of beveled mesas for GaN-based trench Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Huang Fuping , Jia Xingyu , Liu Yajin , Tian Kangkai , Chu Chunshuang , Zheng Quan , Zhang Yonghui , Xin Zhen , Zhang Zi-Hui , Li Qing 
Published: April 2021

In this article, we propose and investigate a GaN-based trench metal–insulator–semiconductor barrier Schottky rectifier with a beveled mesa and field plate (BM-TMBS). According to our study, the beveled mesa and field plate structures help to reduce the density of potential lines at the mesa corner and deplete the drift region in two-dimensional mode, respectively. By doing so, the electric field at the bottom corner of the trenches and Schottky contact/GaN interface can be decreased significantly and the breakdown voltage can also be improved remarkably when compared with the conventional TMBS rectifiers and the planar Schottky barrier diodes. Meanwhile, assisted by the beveled mesa structure, the improved current spreading effect and a better conductivity modulation can be obtained in the forward-conduction state. Our studies also show that the electric field profiles and charge-coupling effect can be influenced by the mesa angle, the insulating layer thickness (Tox), and the trench depth (Dtr). As a result, the optimized BM-TMBS rectifiers can obtain a high BV of ∼2 kV and a current density of ∼3 kA/cm2 at the forward bias of 2 V.
Positive allosteric modulation of the mu-opioid receptor produces analgesia with reduced side effects
Authors: Kandasamy Ram , Hillhouse Todd M. , Livingston Kathryn E. , Kochan Kelsey E. , Meurice Claire , Eans Shainnel O. , Li Ming-Hua , White Andrew D. , Roques Bernard P. , McLaughlin Jay P. , Ingram Susan L. , Burford Neil T. , Alt Andrew , Traynor John R. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Opioids acting at the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) are the gold standard for pain relief. Unfortunately, these drugs have severe side effects, including addiction liability and respiratory depression. Consequently, safe pain management remains an unmet medical need. Here, we show that a positive allosteric modulator of MOR (a mu-PAM) does not directly activate MOR but produces analgesia in mouse models by enhancing the ability of endogenous opioid peptides, released in pain states, to activate MOR. Because the mu-PAM does not activate MOR directly, this raises the possibility of analgesia without the typical opioid side effects of addiction liability, respiratory depression, or constipation. The study provides proof of principle for mu-PAMs as an innovative and potentially safer approach to pain management.