bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anhydrous alkali copper sulfates – a promising playground for new Cu2+ oxide complexes: new Rb-analogues of fumarolic minerals.
Authors: Siidra Oleg I. , Nekrasova Diana O. , Charkin Dmitry O. , Zaitsev Anatoly N. , Borisov Artem S. , Colmont Marie , Mentré Olivier , Spiridonova Darya V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe report the crystal structures of eight new synthetic multinary Rb–Cu sulfates representing four new structure types: δ-Rb2Cu(SO4)2, γ-RbNaCu(SO4)2, γ-RbKCu(SO4)2, Rb2Cu2(SO4)3, Rb2Cu2(SO4)3(H2O), β-Rb2Cu(SO4)Cl2, β-Rb4Cu4O2(SO4)4⋅(Cu0.83Rb0.17Cl) and Rb2Cu5O(SO4)5. The determination of their crystal structures significantly expands the family of anhydrous copper sulfates. Some of the anhydrous rubidium copper sulfates obtained turned out to be isostructural to known compounds and minerals. Rb2Cu5O(SO4)5 is isostructural to cesiodymite, CsKCu5O(SO4)5 and cryptochalcite, K2Cu5O(SO4)5. Rb2Cu2(SO4)3 also shows an example of crystallisation in the already known structure type first observed for synthetic K2Cu2(SO4)3. ‘Hydrolangbeinite’, Rb2Cu2(SO4)3(H2O), was formed as a result of a minor hydration of the initial mixture of reagents.The minerals and synthetic framework compounds of the A2Cu(SO4)2 series demonstrate a vivid example of morphotropism with the formation of structural types depending on the size of the cations residing in the cavities of the [Cu(SO4)2]2– open framework. To date, five types (α, β, γ, δ and ε) can be distinguished. We propose to call this series of compounds ‘saranchinaite-type’, as the stoichiometry A2Cu(SO4)2 was first encountered during the discovery and description of saranchinaite, Na2Cu(SO4)2.The discovery of β-Rb2Cu(SO4)Cl2, a new monoclinic polymorph of chlorothionite, seems to be of particular interest considering the recently discovered interesting magnetic properties of synthetic K2Cu(SO4)X2 (X = Cl and Br) and Na2Cu(SO4)Cl2.In these new structural architectures, a number of features have been revealed that were seldom observed previously. The first is the bidentate coordination of the sulfate tetrahedron via edge-sharing with the Cu2+-centred coordination polyhedron. Until recently, such coordination was known only for the chlorothionite structure. The second is formation of ‘high-coordinate’ CuO7 polyhedra. The structures of the new compounds suggest that such coordination is not in fact so uncommon, at least among anhydrous alkali copper sulfates. All of the described features clearly indicate the importance of further systematic studies of anhydrous copper-sulfate systems. Their exploration, particularly of the new copper-oxide substructures with new coordination environments, is highly likely to lead to new potentially interesting magnetic properties due to the unusual arrangements of magnetically active Cu2+ cations.In addition to experimental details on the synthesis of rubidium analogues of anhydrous potassium and sodium sulfates, this work also provides an analysis and a brief review of the geochemistry of rubidium in volcanic environments.
Statistical model building: Background “knowledge” based on inappropriate preselection causes misspecification
Authors: Hafermann Lorena , Becher Heiko , Herrmann Carolin , Klein Nadja , Heinze Georg , Rauch Geraldine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Statistical model building requires selection of variables for a model depending on the model’s aim. In descriptive and explanatory models, a common recommendation often met in the literature is to include all variables in the model which are assumed or known to be associated with the outcome independent of their identification with data driven selection procedures. An open question is, how reliable this assumed “background knowledge” truly is. In fact, “known” predictors might be findings from preceding studies which may also have employed inappropriate model building strategies.

Methods
We conducted a simulation study assessing the influence of treating variables as “known predictors” in model building when in fact this knowledge resulting from preceding studies might be insufficient. Within randomly generated preceding study data sets, model building with variable selection was conducted. A variable was subsequently considered as a “known” predictor if a predefined number of preceding studies identified it as relevant.

Results
Even if several preceding studies identified a variable as a “true” predictor, this classification is often false positive. Moreover, variables not identified might still be truly predictive. This especially holds true if the preceding studies employed inappropriate selection methods such as univariable selection.

Conclusions
The source of “background knowledge” should be evaluated with care. Knowledge generated on preceding studies can cause misspecification.
Identification of factors associated with stillbirth in Zimbabwe – a cross sectional study
Authors: Dube Kushupika , Lavender Tina , Blaikie Kieran , Sutton Christopher J. , Heazell Alexander E. P. , Smyth Rebecca M. D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction
98% of the 2.6 million stillbirths per annum occur in low and middle income countries. However, understanding of risk factors for stillbirth in these settings is incomplete, hampering efforts to develop effective strategies to prevent deaths.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of eligible women on the postnatal ward at Mpilo Hospital, Zimbabwe was undertaken between 01/08/2018 and 31/03/2019 (n = 1779). Data were collected from birth records for maternal characteristics, obstetric and past medical history, antenatal care and pregnancy outcome. A directed acyclic graph was constructed with multivariable logistic regression performed to fit the corresponding model specification to data comprising singleton pregnancies, excluding neonatal deaths (n = 1734), using multiple imputation for missing data. Where possible, findings were validated against all women with births recorded in the hospital birth register (n = 1847).

Results
Risk factors for stillbirth included: previous stillbirth (29/1691 (2%) of livebirths and 39/43 (91%) of stillbirths, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 2628.9, 95% CI 342.8 to 20,163.0), antenatal care (aOR 44.49 no antenatal care vs. > 4 antenatal care visits, 95% CI 6.80 to 291.19), maternal medical complications (aOR 7.33, 95% CI 1.99 to 26.92) and season of birth (Cold season vs. Mild aOR 14.29, 95% CI 3.09 to 66.08; Hot season vs. Mild aOR 3.39, 95% CI 0.86 to 13.27). Women who had recurrent stillbirth had a lower educational and health status (18.2% had no education vs. 10.0%) and were less likely to receive antenatal care (20.5% had no antenatal care vs. 6.6%) than women without recurrent stillbirth.

Conclusion
The increased risk in women who have a history of stillbirth is a novel finding in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) and is in agreement with findings from High Income Countries (HICs), although the estimated effect size is much greater (OR in HICs ~ 5). Developing antenatal care for this group of women offers an important opportunity for stillbirth prevention.
Short-term serial assessment of electronic patient-reported outcome for depression and anxiety in breast Cancer
Authors: Lee Jeeyeon , Jung Jin Hyang , Kim Wan Wook , Kang Byeongju , Woo Jungmin , Rim Hyo-Deog , Chae Yee Soo , Lee Soo Jung , Kim Gi Hwan , Lee Won Kee , Park Ho Yong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The incidence of depression and anxiety is higher in patients with breast cancer than in the general population. We evaluated the degree of depression and anxiety and investigated the changes in patients with breast cancer during the treatment period and short-term follow-up period.

Methods
Overall, 137 patients with breast cancer were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item depression scale (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7). The scales were developed as a web-based electronic patient-reported outcome measure, and serial results were assessed before the operation, after the operation, in the post-treatment period, and in the 6-month follow-up period after surgery.

Results
The degree of depression and anxiety increased during treatment and decreased at 6-month follow-up, even if there were no statistical differences among the four periods (PHQ-9: p = 0.128; GAD-7: p = 0.786). However, daily fatigue (PHQ-9 Q4) and insomnia (PHQ-9 Q3) were the most serious problems encountered during treatment and at 6-month follow-up, respectively. In the GAD-7, worrying too much (Q3) consistently showed the highest scores during the treatment and follow-up periods. Of the patients, 7 (5.11%) and 11 (8.03%) patients had a worsened state of depression and anxiety, respectively, after treatment compared with before treatment.

Conclusion
Most factors associated with depression and anxiety improved after treatment. However, factors such as insomnia and worrying too much still disturbed patients with breast cancer, even at 6-month follow-up. Therefore, serial assessment of depression and anxiety is necessary for such patients.
MMP1 and MMP9 are potential prognostic biomarkers and targets for uveal melanoma
Authors: Wang Tianyu , Zhang Yuanyuan , Bai Jianhao , Xue Yawen , Peng Qing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Uveal melanoma (UVM) is the leading cause of eye-related mortality worldwide. This study aimed to explore the expression and prognostic value of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in UVM.

Methods
Gene expression levels were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Oncomine databases. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Metascape database. GeneMANIA was then applied to construct a protein-protein interaction network and identify the hub genes. Moreover, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) analysis for the hub genes was performed using the UALCAN and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) online tool. Furthermore, TRRUST was used to predict the targets of the MMPs.

Results
Our results revealed that the transcriptional levels of MMP1, MMP9, MMP10, MMP11, MMP13, MMP14, and MMP17 were upregulated in UVM tissues compared to normal tissues. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the top 50 hub genes were identified. The functions of MMPs and their neighboring proteins are mainly associated with ECM-receptor interaction, proteoglycans in cancer, the IL-17 signaling pathway, and microRNAs in cancer. Among the MMPs, MMP1/2/9/11/14/15/16/17/24 played significant roles in the progression of UVM from stage 3 to stage 4. We also found that the expression of MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, and MMP16 positively correlated with OS and DFS in patients with UVM. Additionally, 18 transcription factors associated with nine MMPs were identified.

Conclusions
The results of this study may provide potential biomarkers and targets for UVM. However, further studies are required to confirm these results.
Stemness-related LncRNA pair signature for predicting therapy response in gastric cancer
Authors: Jiang Quan , Chen Hao , Tang Zhaoqing , Sun Jie , Ruan Yuanyuan , Liu Fenglin , Sun Yihong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective
As a critical feature of cancers, stemness is acknowledged as a contributor to the development of drug resistance in gastric cancer (GC). LncRNAs have been revealed to participate in this process. In this study, we tried to develop a stemness-related lncRNA pair signature as guidance for clinical decisions.

Methods
The analysis was initiated by collecting stemness-related lncRNAs in TCGA cohort. The differentially expressed stemness-related lncRNAs between normal and tumor tissues in GC patients from TCGA datasets were further collected to establish the signature based on Lasso and Cox regression analyses. The predictive efficacy of the signature for chemotherapy and immunotherapy was also tested. The practicality of this signature was also validated by Zhongshan cohort.

Results
A 13-DEsrlncRNA pair-based signature was established. The cutoff point acquired by the AIC algorithm divided the TCGA cohort into high and low risk groups. We found that the low-risk group presented with better survival (Kaplan-Meier analysis, p < 0.001). Cox regression analyse was also conducted to confirm the signature as an independent risk factor for GC {p < 0.001, HR = 1.300, 95% CI (1.231–1.373)]}. As for the practicality of this signature, the IC50 of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics was significantly higher in the high-risk group. The low-risk group also presented with higher immunophenoscore (IPS) in both the “CTLA4+ PD1+” (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.019) and “CTLA4- PD1+” (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.013) groups, indicating higher sensitivity to immunotherapy. The efficacy of the signature was also validated by Zhongshan cohort.

Conclusions
This study could not only provide a stemness-related lncRNA signature for survival prediction in GC patients but also established a model with predictive potentials for GC patients’ sensitivity to chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Clinical outcomes in post-epikeratophakic eyes after removal of epikeratoplasty lenticule
Authors: Jung Young-ho , Kim Mee Kum 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Assessment of the optical outcome and adverse events in post-epikeratopathic eyes after removal of the epikeratoplasty lenticule (EKPL).

Methods
This was a retrospective case-series study of patients who underwent EKPL removal between 2002 and 2020. Ten eyes were included in the analysis. We compared the clinical characteristics of the patients before surgery, 6 months after surgery, before lenticular removal, and after removal, and reported optical or ocular surface complications.

Results
We removed EKPL due to the lenticular opacity in five eyes (50%), intraocular lens (IOL) insertion (n = 4, 40%) after cataract surgery (n = 3) or in aphakic eyes (n = 1), and lenticule-induced irregular astigmatism in one eye (10%). After EKPL removal, the mean refractive power of the cornea (Km) revealed a tendency to increase. Out of nine cases, six cases showed corneal steepening and three cases revealed corneal flattening. When the keratometric readings of pre-epikeratoplasty and post-lenticular removal were compared within the same case, the average difference was 5.1 D ± 4.0 (n = 8). Complications were observed in 3 of 10 cases (excessive corneal flatness, ectatic change, and abnormal epithelial cell ingrowth) after removal.

Conclusions
The surgeon should expect the corneal refractive power to steepen or flatten in some cases with abnormal astigmatism and irregularity. Epikeratophakic eyes may exhibit serious ectatic changes, and abnormal epithelial cell ingrowth after removal of epikeratophakic lenticules.
The elevated risk of sight-threatening cataract in diabetes with retinopathy: a retrospective population-based cohort study
Authors: Nien Chan-Wei , Lee Chia-Yi , Chen Hung-Chi , Chao Shih-Chun , Hsu Hung-Jui , Tzeng Shih-Hao , Yang Shang-Jung , Huang Jing-Yang , Yang Shun-Fa , Lin Hung-Yu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The effect of diabetic retinopathy (DR) on the development of sight-threatening cataracts was assessed using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) and DR were enrolled in the study group. Age- and sex-matched DM individuals without DR and patients without DM served as the DM control group and non-DM control group, respectively, both with 1:4 ratios. The outcome was set as the performance of cataract surgery. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of DR considering multiple factors underlying cataract formation.

Results
A total of 3297 DR patients, 13,188 DM control patients and 13,188 non-DM control subjects were enrolled. The study group included 919 events of sight-threatening cataracts (27.87%), the DM control group included 1108 events (8.40%), and the non-DM control group included 957 events (7.26%). A multivariable analysis indicated that the study group presented a higher aHR of cataract surgery (2.93, 95% CI: 2.60–3.30) and a higher cumulative probability of cataract surgery than both the DM control and non-DM control groups (both log rank P < 0.001). In addition, both the proliferative DR (3.90, 95% CI: 3.42–4.45) and nonproliferative DR (2.35, 95% CI: 2.08–2.65) subgroups showed a higher aHR of cataract surgery than the DM control group.

Conclusion
The presence of DR increases the risk of sight-threatening cataracts that warrant surgery, and the effect is prominent among patients with both proliferative DR and nonproliferative DR.
An NIH investment in health equity - the economic impact of the Flint Center for Health Equity Solutions
Authors: Meghea Cristian I. , Montgomery Barrett Wallace , Ellington Roni , Wang Ling , Barajas Clara , Lewis E. Yvonne , Yeary Sheridan T. , Van Egeren Laurie A. , Furr-Holden Debra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealth disparities are pervasive and are linked to economic losses in the United States of up to $135 billion per year. The Flint Center for Health Equity Solutions (FCHES) is a Transdisciplinary Collaborative Center for health disparities research funded by the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD). The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic impact of the 5-year investment in FCHES in Genesee County, Michigan.MethodsThe estimated impacts of FCHES were calculated using a U.S.-specific input/output (I/O) model, IMPLAN, from IMPLAN Group, LLC., which provides a software system to access geographic specific data regarding economic sector interactions from a variety of sources. This allowed us to model the cross-sector economic activity that occurred throughout Genesee County, Michigan, as a result of the FCHES investment. The overall economic impacts were estimated as the sum of three impact types: 1. Direct (the specific expenditures impact of FCHES and the Scientific Research and Development Services sector); 2. Indirect (the impact on suppliers to FCHES and the Scientific Research and Development Services sector); and 3. Induced (the additional economic impact of the spending of these suppliers and employees in the county economy).ResultsThe total FCHES investment amounted to approximately $11 million between 2016 and 2020. Overall, combined direct, indirect, and induced impacts of the total FCHES federal investment in Genesee County included over 161 job-years, over $7.6 million in personal income, and more than $19.2 million in economic output. In addition, this combined economic activity generated close to $2.3 million in state/local and federal tax revenue. The impact multipliers show the ripple effect of the FCHES investment. For example, the overall output of over $19.2 million led to an impact multiplier of 1.75 – every $1 of federal FCHES investment led to an additional $.75 of economic output in Genesee County.ConclusionsThe FCHES research funding yields significant direct economic impacts above and beyond the direct NIH investment of $11 million. The economic impact estimation method may be relevant and generalizable to other large research centers such as FCHES.
Restoration of forearm supination by combining pronator teres with allogeneic tendon
Authors: Ding Shi-Li , Jin Qianjun , Xu Ji-Hua , Liu Yimeng , Huang Xin , Liang Kejiong , Shi Hai-Fei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Many solutions have been proposed in treating of forearm supination. Comparing with other supination function reconstructions, pronator teres rerouting is believed to be less effective due to its insufficient supination strength. The aim of this study is to introduce a modified procedure, and compare its result with two previous approaches.

Patients and methods
From 2015 to 2020, 11 patients have restored forearm supination by rerouting of the pronator teres weave sutured with allogeneic tendons. The average follow-up period was 17.5 months (12 to 24). The range of active supination at the final follow-up was recorded.

Results
Almost all patients acquired good supination range. The average active post-operative supination was 72.7° (60° to 80°) at the final follow-up. No complication was observed. All patients retained full range of pronation.

Conclusions
This study provides a modified supination function reconstruction with simple operating, fine results, low risks, and no affecting of pronation function. The use of allogeneic tendon makes up for the muscles with insufficient length, making it valuable to reconsider those rebuilding operations that were once considered unpromising by many.
The effect of choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid in patients with peri-implantitis: an exploratory randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study
Authors: Teughels Wim , Celik Gizem Unal , Tarce Mihai , De Cock Ine , Persyn Sara M. , Haytac Mehmet C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid (CS-OSA) was previously found to stimulate bone collagen formation in osteopenia and to improve biomarkers of cartilage degradation in knee osteoarthritis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of oral administration of CS-OSA on clinical symptoms of peri-implantitis and the associated bone loss.

Methods
Twenty-one patients with peri-implantitis were randomized in CS-OSA or placebo groups. After initial clinical and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) measurements [probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), mucosal recession (REC), distance from implant shoulder to alveolar crest (IS-AC) and distance from implant shoulder to first bone-to-implant contact (IS-BIC)], flap operations were performed at the peri-implantitis sites. All patients were instructed to use either placebo or CS-OSA capsules twice a day for 1 year. Measurements were repeated 6 and 12 months after randomization.

Results
The data of 18 patients (36 implants) were used in the per protocol analysis. PPD and BOP improved significantly (p < 0.05) compared to baseline for both groups after 6 and 12 months. However, REC significantly increased in the placebo group but not in the CS-OSA group. The change in REC over 6 and 12 months was significantly different between groups (p < 0.01). IS-BIC and IS-AC measurements remained stable in the CS-OSA group whereas in the placebo group, both parameters increased significantly after 6 and 12 months. The change in IS-BIC over 12 months was significantly different between groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The results of this preliminary study suggest that CS-OSA may stabilize and even prevent further bone loss after surgical peri-implantitis treatment and support mucosal tissue healing.
Trial registration
The trial was retrospectively registered at ISRCTN registry, registration number: ISRCTN14348802, registration date: 24/06/2020.