bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HEXOKINASE1 signalling promotes shoot branching and interacts with cytokinin and strigolactone pathways
Authors: Barbier Francois F. , Cao Da , Fichtner Franziska , Weiste Christoph , Perez‐Garcia Maria‐Dolores , Caradeuc Mathieu , Le Gourrierec José , Sakr Soulaiman , Beveridge Christine A. 
Published: April 2021

Summary

Plant architecture is controlled by several endogenous signals including hormones and sugars. However, only little information is known about the nature and roles of the sugar signalling pathways in this process. Here we test whether the sugar signalling pathway mediated by HEXOKINASE1 (HXK1) is involved in the control of shoot branching.

To test the involvement of HXK1 in shoot branching and in the hormonal network controlling this process, we modulated the HXK1 pathway using physiological and genetic approaches in rose, pea and arabidopsis.

Mannose‐induced HXK signalling triggered bud outgrowth in rose and pea. In arabidopsis, both HXK1 deficiency and defoliation led to decreased shoot branching and conferred hypersensitivity to auxin. Complementation of the HXK1 knockout mutant gin2 with a catalytically inactive HXK1, restored shoot branching to the wild‐type level. HXK1‐deficient plants displayed decreased cytokinin levels and increased expression of MAX2, which is required for strigolactone signalling. The branching phenotype of HXK1‐deficient plants could be partly restored by cytokinin treatment and strigolactone deficiency could override the negative impact of HXK1 deficiency on shoot branching.

Our observations demonstrate that HXK1 signalling contributes to the regulation of shoot branching and interacts with hormones to modulate plant architecture.
The MdMYB16/MdMYB1‐miR7125‐MdCCR module regulates the homeostasis between anthocyanin and lignin biosynthesis during light induction in apple
Authors: Hu Yujing , Cheng Hao , Zhang Yan , Zhang Jie , Niu Shuqing , Wang Xingsui , Li Wenjing , Zhang Jie , Yao Yuncong 
Published: April 2021

Summary

Light induces anthocyanin accumulation and hence decides the coloration of apple fruit. It also plays a key role in regulating the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites. However, the crosstalk between anthocyanin and lignin metabolism during light induction, which affects the edible quality and visual quality of apple fruit, respectively, have rarely been characterized.

In this study, we identified and functionally elucidated the roles of miR7125 and its target, cinnamoyl‐coenzyme A reductase gene (CCR), in regulating the homeostasis between anthocyanin and lignin biosynthesis during light induction. Overexpressing miR7125 or inhibiting CCR transiently in apple fruit promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis but reduced lignin production under light‐induced conditions. Consistently, opposite results were observed under the background of repressed miR7125 or overexpressed CCR.

We found that the repressor MdMYB16 and the activator MdMYB1 bound to the miR7125 promoter. Transient repression of MdMYB16 upregulated miR7125 expression significantly, accompanied by decreased levels of MdCCR transcript, resulting in a reduction in the lignin biosynthesis and an increase in anthocyanin accumulation. However, transient overexpression of MdMYB16 produced the opposite effects to MdMYB16‐RNAi.

The results reveal a novel mechanism by which the MdMYB16/MdMYB1‐miR7125‐MdCCR module collaboratively regulates homeostasis between anthocyanin and lignin biosynthesis under light induction in apple.
Assessment of the association between cytomegalovirus DNAemia and subsequent acute graft‐versus‐host disease in allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: A multicenter study from the Spanish hematopoietic transplantation and cell therapy group
Authors: Bueno Felipe , Solano Carlos , Vázquez Lourdes , Giménez Estela , de la Cámara Rafael , Albert Eliseo , Rovira Montserrat , Espigado Ildefonso , Martín Calvo Carmen , López‐Jiménez Javier , Suárez‐Lledó María , Chinea Anabella , Esquirol Albert , Pérez Ariadna , Bermúdez Aránzazu , Saldaña Raquel , Heras Inmaculada , González‐Huerta Ana Julia , Torrado Tamara , Batlle Montserrat , Jiménez Santiago , Vallejo Carlos , Barba Pere , Cuesta María Ángeles , Duarte Rafael , Piñana José Luis , Navarro David ,   Spanish Group of Hematopoietic Transplantation, Cell Therapy (GETH)
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe potential role of active CMV infection in promoting acute Graft‐versus‐Host Disease (aGvHD) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) remains a matter of debate. We further addressed this issue conducting a retrospective, observational, multicenter study of 632 patients subjected to allogeneic peripheral blood HSCT at 20 Spanish centers. Monitoring of CMV DNA load in plasma or whole blood was performed by real‐time PCR assays. Cumulative incidence of CMV DNAemia was 48.9% (95% CI, 45%‐52.9%), of any grade aGvHD, 45.6; 95% (CI, 41.3%‐50.1%), and of grade II‐IV aGvHD, 30.7 (95% CI, 24.9%‐36.4%). Overall, development of CMV DNAemia at any level resulted in an increased risk of subsequent all grade (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.08 ‐ 1.76; P = .009) or grade II‐IV (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.22 ‐ 2.06; P = .001) aGvHD. The increased risk of aGvHD linked to prior occurrence of CMV DNAemia was similar to the above when only clinically significant episodes were considered for the analyses (HR for all grade aGvHD, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.13 ‐ 1.91; P = .041, and HR for grade II‐IV aGvHD, 1.53; 95% CI. 1.13‐1.81; P = .04). The CMV DNA doubling time in blood was comparable overall in episodes of CMV DNAemia whether followed by aGvHD or not. Whether CMV replication is a surrogate risk marker of aGvHD or it is causally involved is an important question to be addressed in future experimental research.
LA ADQUISICIÓN O SUMINISTRO DE BIENES Y SERVICIOS DE CARACTERÍSTICAS TÉCNICAS UNIFORMES Y DE COMÚN UTILIZACIÓN A TRAVÉS DE SUBASTA INVERSA
Authors: Chaves Villada Jaime Eduardo 
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo busca demostrar el desbordamiento de la potestad reglamentaria del Gobierno nacional en el ámbito de la contratación estatal, específicamente a partir de las disposiciones establecidas en el Decreto 2474 del 2008 en lo que concierne a la adquisición y suministro de bienes y servicios de características técnicas uniformes y de común utilización bajo el procedimiento de subasta inversa, frente a los criterios de selección objetiva desarrollados en la Ley 1150 expedida en el año 2007.
Performance of Existing Methods in Baselining Demand Response From Commercial Building HVAC Fans
Authors: Lei Shunbo , Mathieu Johanna L. , Jain Rishee K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Commercial buildings generally have large thermal inertia and thus can provide services to power grids (e.g., demand response (DR)) by modulating their heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Shifting consumption on timescales of minutes to an hour can be accomplished through temperature setpoint adjustments that affect HVAC fan consumption. Estimating the counterfactual baseline power consumption of HVAC fans is challenging but is critical for assessing the capacity and participation of DR from HVAC fans in grid-interactive efficient buildings (GEBs). DR baseline methods have been developed for whole-building power profiles. This study evaluates those methods on total HVAC fan power profiles, which have different characteristics than whole-building power profiles. Specifically, we assess averaging methods (e.g., Y-day average, HighXofY, and MidXofY, with and without additive adjustments), which are the most commonly used in practice, and a least squares-based linear interpolation method recently developed for baselining HVAC fan power. We use empirical submetering data from HVAC fans in three University of Michigan buildings in our assessment. We find that the linear interpolation method has a low bias and by far the highest accuracy, indicating that it is potentially the most effective existing baseline method for quantifying the effects of short-term load shifting of HVAC fans. Overall, our results provide new insights on the applicability of existing DR baseline methods to baselining fan power and enable the more widespread contribution of GEBs to DR and other grid services.
Rigidity Regulation Approach for Geometric Tolerance Optimization in End Milling of Thin-Walled Components
Authors: Agarwal Ankit , Desai K. A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article presents a novel approach to optimize geometric tolerances (flatness and cylindricity) by manipulating the rigidity among finishing and roughing cutting sequences during end milling of thin-walled components. The proposed approach considers the design configuration of the thin-walled component as an input and aims to determine semi-finished geometry such that the geometric tolerance parameters are optimized while performing a finish cutting sequence. The objective is accomplished by combining mechanistic force model, finite element (FE) analysis-based workpiece deflection model, and particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique to determine optimal disposition of material along the length of component thereby regulating rigidity. The algorithm has been validated by determining the rigidity-regulated semi-finished geometries for thin-walled components having straight, concave, and convex configurations. The outcomes of the proposed algorithm are substantiated further by conducting a set of end milling experiments for each of these cases. The results of the proposed strategy are compared with a traditional approach considering no change in the rigidity of component along length of the cut. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach can effectively optimize geometric tolerances for thin-walled components during end milling operation.
Dexterity Analysis Based on Jacobian and Performance Optimization for Multi-Segment Continuum Robots
Authors: Wang Jiao , Lau Henry Y. K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper focuses on the performance analysis of multi-segment continuum robots, including reachable workspace and dexterity performance. Since excellent dexterity is an important feature of continuum robots, two local indices inspired by separating robotic Jacobian matrix, namely axiality and angularity dexterity, are introduced to explore the dexterity. Then, a Monte Carlo Method is adopted to simulate the distribution of local dexterity over the workspace. On this basis, the corresponding global indices in axiality and angularity are defined to assess global dexterity performance. To investigate the optimal kinematic performance, an objective function related to the segment lengths is designed under the consideration of reachable workspace and dexterity performance. Finally, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve this optimization problem successfully. The optimal length distributions for two-segment and three-segment continuum robots are discovered. Most importantly, it is found that our method can also apply to general multi-segment continuum robots.
A Methodology for Incorporating Multiple Goals in Automated Abstract Design
Authors: Bohren J. S. , Nevill G. E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper deals principally with two important issues of design automation, the use of abstract design problem solving to guide detail design in top down refinement models, and the incorporation of multiple requirements in design. An iterative, incremental methodology involving generation and selection of abstract decompositions and of abstract operators defining design moves is described. Multiple requirements are handled by organizing relevant evaluation, generation and choice knowledge around individual requirements and providing each requirement with the capability to determine when it has a contribution to make, what that contribution should be, and how it interacts with other requirements. The methodology has been implemented as part of the MOSAIC project and is illustrated by examples of the automated preliminary design of mechanical structures.
Comparing Fuzzy and Probability Calculus for Representing Imprecision in Preliminary Engineering Design
Authors: Wood K. L. , Antonsson E. K. , Beck J. L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A technique to perform design calculations on imprecise representations of parameters using the calculus of fuzzy sets has been previously developed [17]. An analogous approach to representing and manipulating uncertainty in choosing among alternatives (imprecision) using probability calculus is presented and compared with the fuzzy calculus technique. We find that the fuzzy calculus is well suited to representing and manipulating the imprecision aspect of uncertainty, and probability is best used to represent stochastic uncertainty.
Tolerance Representation Scheme in Solid Model: Part II
Authors: Roy U. , Mantooth K. , Pollard M. D. , Liu C. R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Tolerance representation in a CAD data structure demands a user interactive environment which enables the user to input the tolerance information in both the unevaluated (CSG) and in the evaluated (B-Rep) databases [4]. This requires an effective linking mechanism between the CSG and the B-Rep data models at each stage of the object development. This has been achieved through the development of a reference face list. Tolerance information has been attached with this face list as “constraint nodes,” which are formed and updated after each “set operation.” Several functions have also been developed to retrieve essential information from the data structure in order to answer various queries.
Representation of Tolerance Information in Solid Models
Authors: Bernstein N. S. , Preiss K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A set of tolerance constraints in solid models is represented as a constraint network over the degrees of freedom of the shape elements of the body. This approach is referred to as the constraint propagation approach to the representation of tolerance information. An evaluation of the resultant constraint network provides both an analysis of a specific dimension and tolerance scheme and figures of merit regarding the combinatorial and geometric/numeric computational complexity of a set of engineering spatial constraints. This paper discusses the representation needed to achieve that evaluation. The inherent computational complexity of spatial designs can then be explicitly evaluated and controlled. For many practical cases, semantic integrity and other evaluations may be conducted in low polynomial time, in the number of tolerance constraints. The representation is applicable also to assemblies.
Generative Process Planning of Prismatic Parts by Feature Relaxation
Authors: Mantyla M. , Opas J. , Puhakka J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Feature-based product models have recently been proposed as a basis for generative process planning systems for mechanical applications. In this approach, the part is broken into a set of manufacturing features which are associated with various kinds of technological information useful for process planning.
A fundamental problem of this approach is the fact that a given part usually has several interpretations as features. Ideally, all these interpretations should be taken into account in the process planner in order to achieve globally optimal plans. Hence, any planner that starts from a fixed collection of features created by feature recognition or by user input has already committed itself to a limited view of the part, and cannot take into account manufacturing opportunities corresponding with the other views.
As a solution to this problem of premature commitment, we propose the use of what we call relaxed feature models. In this approach, features can be reinterpreted by the process planner to take into account manufacturing possibilities from a wider range than what any particular selection would make possible. As an example of the benefits of this approach, we describe the manufacturability analysis component of our experimental generative process planner for 3-axis milling operations of prismatic parts.
The Reduced Calculation of Volumetric Properties of Sweep-Generated Solids
Authors: Al-Daccak M. J. , Angeles J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Due to its ease of implementation, the sweep generation of solid models is a widely accepted technique in dealing with complex shapes occurring in mechanical elements such as turbine blades and bevel gears. A key issue in the geometric and mechanical analyses of such elements is the accurate and economic computation of their volumetric properties, namely, their volume, centroid coordinates and inertia tensor. A method is proposed here for the computation of these properties for sweep-generated solids based only on their 2D generating contour and their sweeping parameters. Thus, the direct 3D calculations of the volumetric properties of such solids are reduced to simple 2D calculations. Comparisons of numerical results are presented, which show that the volumetric properties of sweep-generated solids can be effectively performed in a computationally reduced fashion which, additionally, enhances the accuracy of the computed values.
Identification and Minimization of Deviations of Real Gear Tooth Surfaces
Authors: Litvin F. L. , Zhang Y. , Kieffer J. , Handschuh R. F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The authors propose an approach that uses coordinate measurements of the real surface to: (i) determine the real applied machine-tool settings, (ii) determine the deviations of the real surface from the theoretical one, (iii) minimize the deviations by correction of the machine-tool settings, and (iv) represent the real surface analytically in the same Gaussian coordinates as the theoretical one.
An Interactive Graphics Application for Computer Aided Development of Inspection Programs for Coordinate Measurement Machines
Authors: Atkins N. W. , Derby S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The development of an interactive computer graphics application at RPI, sponsored by Pratt & Whitney, to create inspection programs for coordinate measurement machines using complete product definitions, is one step in evaluating the virtue of the PDDI/GMAP endeavor. One of the key factors in computer integrated manufacturing is the need to provide a database for the complete representation of product definition data. The PDDI/GMAP project, sponsored by the United States Air Force, is one of several efforts currently defining environments and neutral data formats for product data definition. The virtue of this data format can only be measured by the success of applications developed to work within this environment.
Using Fine-Grained Parallel Simulation for Design
Authors: Oh J. S. , Ulrich K. T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
One of the most imposing handicaps for designers is the lack of versatile engineering tools for rapid simulation of materials. Simulations must run fast enough to grant engineers immediate feedback on their design changes. Conventional methods of simulating mechanical behaviors are slow and require significant expertise. We propose an alternative we call Fine-Grained Parallel Simulation (FGPS). FGPS uses thousands of processors to compute finite element behavior in parallel. The advantage of this approach is that modeling assumptions can be made at a physical particle level rather than at a macroscopic continuum mechanics level, and that within certain bounds the resulting simulation runs in constant time, independent of the size of the problem. We have prototyped this scheme using the Connection Machine, a massively parallel computer containing up to 65,536 processors, and we are laying the groundwork for the development of a special purpose machine with hundreds of thousands of processors. Our initial results indicate that simulation can be performed significantly faster using FGPS than with conventional supercomputers, although there is need for additional research.
Design Quality and Reliability Through Technology Readiness
Authors: Fox J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the relationship between the growth of reliability in the early stages of a product delivery process and Technology Readiness, and describes the importance of ‘ready’ technologies if product launch schedules are to be achieved. Technology Readiness itself is defined and the enablers for it are identified.
A process which has been developed is described, and some proposals for tracking and managing progress are made.
Finally, the importance of critical design parameters both in the development of technologies and in understanding technology capabilities are described fully.
Determination of the Minimum Evidence Set in Expert Systems Using Boolean Methods
Authors: Liu P. , Siddall J. N. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A new method is proposed for rapidly solving expert system applications using Boolean algebra formulations. The method consists of two algorithms, applied after the conventional hierarchical type rules have been converted to Boolean expressions. The first algorithm automatically reduces the expressions to the equivalent of only two levels in a logic network, eliminating all intermediate conclusions, and also minimizes the number of inputs per rule. This algorithm has general application in the condensation of rule systems, and makes possible the use of high speed bit matching in specific solutions. The second algorithm operates on the reduced rule set so that, in a given application, a rapid solution is achieved using the fewest possible items of evidence, or user inputs. It is believed that these algorithms will be particularly useful in applications where high speed solutions are important.
Robot Path Planning via Simulated Annealing: A Near Real Time Approach
Authors: Sandgren E. , Venkataraman S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An efficient procedure for near optimal robot path planning in a two dimensional workplace is presented. Obstacles are represented as a series of rectangular regions which allows collision detection to be performed by an operation similar to clipping in computer graphics. The feasible design space is approximated by a discrete set of robot arm and gripper positions. A control sequence of the angular position of each link is determined. A set of intermediate link positions are generated and grouped into stages. A dynamic programming problem is formulated to locate the best state within each stage which minimizes the overall path length. A simulated annealing solution procedure is implemented in order to locate a reasonable solution in the minimum amount of time. Several examples are presented involving a three link planar manipulator. Extensions to three dimensional robot path planning and real time control in a dynamically changing workplace are discussed.
Design of Keratorefractive Surgical Procedures: Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Bryant M. R. , Velinsky S. A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
By surgically incising a patient’s cornea, an ophthalmologist can reduce or eliminate the patient’s myopia (nearsightedness). Although one such keratorefractive procedure, known as radial keratotomy, is a common practice among some ophthalmologists, there is presently no comprehensive or universally accepted method that a surgeon can use to determine how to perform the operation to exactly eliminate a patient’s refractive error. In this paper, a general methodology for designing radial keratotomy procedures that determines the optimal incision geometry on a patient-by-patient basis is presented. This approach is based on coupling a transversely isotropic finite element model of the human cornea to an optical model of the entire eye. Two objective functions are considered, and each one is shown to possess monotonicity properties that specify a constraint bound solution, obtained by directly solving the constraint equations. Consequently, the resulting incision geometry in each formulation not only eliminates the myopic error but yields the global minimum of the objective function.