bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiR-124 synergism with ELAVL3 enhances target gene expression to promote neuronal maturity
Authors: Lu Ya-Lin , Liu Yangjian , McCoy Matthew J. , Yoo Andrew S. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that when loaded into Argonuate (AGO) form the RNA-induced silencing complex that represses target transcripts. Here, in addition to the canonical repressive miRNA function, we identified the activity of miR-124, a neuron-enriched miRNA, as a positive regulator of its target genes. Transcripts harboring both miR-124 and ELAVL3, an RNA-binding protein, target sites at the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) allowing for the synergism of AGO-miR124 and ELAVL3 to enhance its target gene expression. The switch of miR-124 as a positive regulator is essential for facilitating neuronal reprogramming of human fibroblasts and promoting the functional maturity of primary human neurons. Our study provides a conceptual advance in microRNA’s function in regulating neuronal identity and function.
Contractility, focal adhesion orientation, and stress fiber orientation drive cancer cell polarity and migration along wavy ECM substrates
Authors: Fischer Robert S. , Sun Xiaoyu , Baird Michelle A. , Hourwitz Matt J. , Seo Bo Ri , Pasapera Ana M. , Mehta Shalin B. , Losert Wolfgang , Fischbach Claudia , Fourkas John T. , Waterman Clare M. 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceTumor progression to enable metastasis includes remodeling the wavy bundles of collagen making up the tissue stromal extracellular matrix (ECM) into straight bundles within the tumor microenvironment. While wavy collagen bundles are thought to be inhibitory to cell polarization and migration in tissue, straight ECM fibers are thought to be conducive, thereby mediating metastasis. We used nanofabricated cell culture substrates that mimic the ECM fiber waveforms seen in both benign- and metastases-promoting tumor ECMs. Large amplitude ECM waves depolarized tumor cells and decreased directional migration via cell contractility-mediated organization of the cytoskeleton and adhesions. Thus, ECM architecture of normal tissue and benign tumors may generally inhibit tumor cell exit, but this may be overcome by increasing tumor cell contractility.
Spatial variation in the joint effect of extreme heat events and ozone on respiratory hospitalizations in California
Authors: Schwarz Lara , Hansen Kristen , Alari Anna , Ilango Sindana D. , Bernal Nelson , Basu Rupa , Gershunov Alexander , Benmarhnia Tarik 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Projections show that extreme heat events and high ozone days are expected to increase under climate change. Both exposures are harmful to human health, but warning systems, typically implemented separately, do not consider the joint effects of these exposures. In this study, we propose a method to address spatial differences of the joint effects of extreme heat events and ozone peaks on respiratory hospitalizations at the zip code level in California. Zip codes with low median income and high unemployment rates are at increased risk for these joint effects. Results identified zip codes with increased vulnerability, demonstrating the importance of going beyond average measures to prioritize areas for joint warning systems and protect population health.
Wolves make roadways safer, generating large economic returns to predator conservation
Authors: Raynor Jennifer L. , Grainger Corbett A. , Parker Dominic P. 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceMeasuring the economic benefits conveyed by predators is difficult—often, effects are indirect and operate through complex ecological changes. As a result, debates about the expansion of predators have pit salient costs against more speculative estimates of benefits that might be dismissed as unreliable or ideologically motivated. We quantify the indirect benefits of wolves (Canis lupus) to human lives and property through reductions in deer-vehicle collisions. Moreover, we decompose the effect into two components: changes in prey behavior versus prey abundance. This decomposition is important when effective policy depends on whether hunters can replicate the effects of predators. In the case of wolves, we conclude that human deer hunters cannot.
Bright daytime light enhances circadian amplitude in a diurnal mammal
Authors: Bano-Otalora Beatriz , Martial Franck , Harding Court , Bechtold David A. , Allen Annette E. , Brown Timothy M. , Belle Mino D. C. , Lucas Robert J. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Light is an important regulator of endogenous circadian clocks. Regular light–dark cycles set circadian phase to ensure synchrony with external time, while irregular or inappropriate light exposure can disrupt circadian rhythms. We ask here whether light can also impact another key parameter of circadian rhythms, their amplitude, under conditions of stable entrainment. Using a diurnal rodent species and carefully calibrated light stimuli, we show that increasing the intensity of daytime light enhances the reproducibility and robustness of behavioral and physiological rhythms and increases the amplitude of circadian rhythms in electrical activity in the central brain pacemaker. These findings reveal an impact of light on circadian amplitude and highlight the potential importance of daytime light exposure for circadian health.
A chromosome-level genome of a Kordofan melon illuminates the origin of domesticated watermelons
Authors: Renner Susanne S. , Wu Shan , Pérez-Escobar Oscar A. , Silber Martina V. , Fei Zhangjun , Chomicki Guillaume 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceWild progenitors of crops are important resources for breeding and for understanding domestication, but identifying them is difficult. Using an integrative approach, we discovered that a Sudanese form of melon with nonbitter whitish pulp, known as the Kordofan melon, is the closest relative of domesticated watermelons and a possible progenitor. To gain insights into the genetic changes that occurred from the progenitor to the domesticated watermelon, we assembled and annotated the genome of a Kordofan melon at the chromosome level. Our analyses imply that early farmers brought into cultivation already nonbitter watermelons, different from other domesticated Cucurbitaceae crops such as cucumber. The Kordofan melon genome is a significant new resource for watermelon breeding.
Thyroid hormones regulate the formation and environmental plasticity of white bars in clownfishes
Authors: Salis Pauline , Roux Natacha , Huang Delai , Marcionetti Anna , Mouginot Pierick , Reynaud Mathieu , Salles Océane , Salamin Nicolas , Pujol Benoit , Parichy David M. , Planes Serge , Laudet Vincent 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Developmental plasticity is defined as the ability of an organism to adjust its development depending on environmental signals, thus producing alternative phenotypes precisely adjusted to the environment. Yet, the mechanisms underlying developmental plasticity are not fully understood. We found that juvenile clownfish delay the development of their white bars during metamorphosis depending on the sea anemone species in which they are recruited. To understand this developmental plasticity, we investigated roles for thyroid hormones, the main hormones triggering metamorphosis in vertebrates. We found that thyroid hormones regulate white bar formation and that a shift in hormone levels, associated with ecological differences, results in divergent color patterns in different sea anemone species in which the young fish is recruited.
Zika virus employs the host antiviral RNase L protein to support replication factory assembly
Authors: Whelan Jillian N. , Parenti Nicholas A. , Hatterschide Joshua , Renner David M. , Li Yize , Reyes Hanako M. , Dong Beihua , Perez Erick R. , Silverman Robert H. , Weiss Susan R. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Since 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) has been recognized as a serious public health concern due to devastating birth defects caused by ZIKV infection of pregnant women. An improved understanding of ZIKV employment of host factors to facilitate infection would enhance our knowledge of the subcellular events driving severe clinical outcomes of ZIKV infection and provide potential avenues for therapeutic and vaccine development to combat this virus. We reveal that ZIKV exploits the host RNase L protein to assist in generation of new virus, a feature that is not shared during infection with other flaviviruses, thus identifying a unique host interaction possibly facilitating ZIKV pathogenesis.
Aging as a consequence of selection to reduce the environmental risk of dying
Authors: Omholt Stig W. , Kirkwood Thomas B. L. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
A fresh perspective on the evolution of aging is developed, which focuses on optimizing an individual’s exposure to mortality risk across the life course. A significant source of risk is associated with the act of acquiring the energy necessary for all functions of life. In particular, a considerable fraction of lifetime energy acquisition is used for somatic maintenance. We show how reduction of mortality risk through restrained allocation to somatic maintenance may enhance lifetime fitness but result in aging. Our results are discussed in relation to current theories of the evolution of aging, where we anticipate it will help to illuminate the debate about the mechanisms underlying aging in the wild and the nature and roles of trade-offs.
Tunable liquid crystal frequency selective surface with the compact unit cell, large tuning range, and the passband of flat-top and sharp roll-off
Authors: Lv Jian-Feng , Ding Chang , Zhu Zhongbo , Li Xiaojun , Meng Fan-Yi , Han Jian-Qiao , Jin Tao , Wu Qun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a design method for tunable liquid crystal (LC)-based frequency selective surface (FSS) with the compact unit cell, large tuning range, and the passband of flat-top and sharp roll-off is proposed. A very compact LC-based bandpass FSS unit cell with the dimension of 0.077 λ × 0.077 λ is designed based on a pair of planar vortex-shaped metallic structure with two large parallel patches, between which the LC is sandwiched. Results show that the central frequency of the FSS is tuned from 11.56 to 12.58 GHz, and the tuning range reaches up to 8.5%. In order to obtain the transmission characteristics of flat-top and sharp roll-off, a double-layer structure is proposed and combined with the LC-based FSS design. Theoretical analyses are conducted to declare the working principle of the double-layer LC-based FSS. A prototype sample for the double-layer LC-based FSS is designed and fabricated. Results show that the double-layer LC-based FSS structure achieves frequency selective characteristics with a flat-top passband of about 450 MHz and sharp roll-off for arbitrary LC states with −15 dB rectangle coefficient of 2.44 for arbitrary LC states. Moreover, stable frequency responses of the double-layer LC-based FSS under various incident angles from 0° to 45° are obtained for arbitrary LC states.
Acoustic wave filtering strategy based on gradient acoustic metamaterials
Authors: Liao Guangxin , Luan Congcong , Wang Zhenwei , Liu Jiapeng , Yao Xinhua , Fu Jianzhong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Acoustic metamaterials possess fire-new capacities to manipulate the reflected, refracted and diffracted wave wavefronts effectively and flexibly through designing special artificial structures. In this paper, a transmission-type phase gradient metamaterials with high efficiency transmission and variations phase shift covering a full range of 2π was reported. Capacities of manipulating transmission angle using the designed acoustic metamaterials were expected to be realized under the guidance of the generalized Snell’s law. An acoustic filtering strategy occupying the selective permeability for the desired transmitted frequency were theoretically and numerically presented. Furthermore, a multi-channel filtering strategy was also designed and demonstrated. The results verified that the devices were highly sensitive to the incidence frequency and the transmission coefficients over 0.7 can be obtained at the working frequencies. The provided devices show an overwhelming promise of applications in various situations, such as architectural acoustics, acoustic logical manipulation, noise control, ultrasound imaging and multifunctional materials.
A novel fuel cell design for operando energy-dispersive x-ray absorption measurements
Authors: Leach A S , Hack J , Amboage M , Diaz-Moreno S , Huang H , Cullen P L , Wilding M , Magliocca E , Miller T S , Howard C A , Brett D J L , Shearing P R , McMillan P F , Russell A E , Jervis R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A polymer electrolyte fuel cell has been designed to allow operando x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements of catalysts. The cell has been developed to operate under standard fuel cell conditions, with elevated temperatures and humidification of the gas-phase reactants, both of which greatly impact the catalyst utilisation. X-ray windows in the endplates of the cell facilitate collection of XAS spectra during fuel cell operation while maintaining good compression in the area of measurement. Results of polarisation curves and cyclic voltammograms showed that the operando cell performs well as a fuel cell, while also providing XAS data of suitable quality for robust XANES analysis. The cell has produced comparable XAS results when performing a cyclic voltammogram to an established in situ cell when measuring the Pt LIII edge. Similar trends of Pt oxidation, and reduction of the formed Pt oxide, have been presented with a time resolution of 5 s for each spectrum, paving the way for time-resolved spectral measurements of fuel cell catalysts in a fully-operating fuel cell.
Continuous approximation of the ZARC element with passive components
Authors: Heil Thomas , Jossen Andreas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The ZARC element is a parallel connection between a constant phase element and an ohmic resistor which describes the charge transfer and the double-layer capacitance at an electrode–electrolyte interface. However, this mathematical object has been determined using measurement data and cannot be derived from physical or chemical processes. In order to understand the dynamics of ZARC and its parameters’ influence in frequency and in time domain, we approximate it using fundamental equivalent circuits. Here, we introduce two approaches using RC circuits whose behaviours are well-known. The first method consists of infinitely many serially connected RC circuits which can be uniquely related to ZARC by explicit equations. In contrast, the second uses just three serially connected RC circuits, but adds a minimization problem. Both approaches depend only on three parameters: an ohmic resistance, a capacitance, and a newly defined parameter which is a measure of the modification of the single capacitances. Moreover, we show a decrease of the total capacitance of both impedances for growing deviations from the behavior of an RC circuit. Finally, since the properties of RC circuits are well known in frequency and in time domain, we deduce the behaviours of both methods in the time domain.
Spray measurements with the time-shift technique
Authors: Schaefer Walter , Tropea Cameron , Wigger Georg , Eierhoff Dirk 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The time-shift technique is a well-documented technique for the size and velocity measurement of individual drops passing through one or two tightly focused laser beams. It is a counting technique, nominally applicable for pure liquid drops, but with potential to also characterize drops with embedded particles or drops containing a second dispersed phase. In the present study a novel approach to signal processing is introduced in which the signal detection and validation phase is eliminated. This extends the capabilities of the time-shift technique in two manners. For one, size and velocity estimates are made possible for drops exhibiting very poor signal structure or signal-to-noise ratio. Such signals are commonly expected when measuring complex drops, either drops with embedded nano/micro-particles (dispersions) or emulsions. Second, the size and velocity distributions are estimated not by processing of signals from individual drops (single realization counting technique), but from a large ensemble of drop signals, improving both computational speed and reducing the influence of outliers in final statistics. These capabilities are achieved without sacrificing accuracy of mean and variance estimates of size and velocity of drop ensembles. To demonstrate the advantages of this new approach, measurements of a paint spray are presented, processed using both standard processing routines and the new approach. Limitations concerning the application of this new approach are discussed in detail.
Measurements of fundamental frequency shifts in the air cavity mode of a violin originating from changes in molecular weight and temperature
Authors: Matsutani Akihiro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the violin, the fundamental air cavity mode (the A0 mode) is associated with the sound radiated by the f-holes. The dependences of the sound velocity of the A0 frequency on gaseous temperature and mass were investigated. It was found that the frequency of the A0 mode changed, depending on the molecular weight and the temperature of the gas filling the violin’s body. From these results, it was deduced that a temperature change in the room in which musical instruments are played may be reflected in their tones. The measurement of the A0 modal frequency of a violin, focusing on the molecular weight and temperature of the gas, would be useful to students of physics to help in the understanding of sound velocity.
Quantum robust control theory for Hamiltonian and control field uncertainty*
Authors: Koswara Andrew , Bhutoria Vaibhav , Chakrabarti Raj 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Quantum robust control—which can employ fast leading order approximations, slower but more accurate asymptotic methods, or a combination thereof for quantification of robustness—enables control of moments of quantum observables and gates in the presence of Hamiltonian uncertainty or field noise. In this paper, we present a generalized quantum robust control theory that extends the previously described theory of quantum robust control in several important ways. We present robust control theory for control of any moment of arbitrary quantum control objectives, introducing moment-generating functions and transfer functions for quantum robust control that generalize the tools of frequency domain response theory to quantum systems, and extend the Pontryagin maximum principle for quantum control to control optimization in the presence of noise in the manipulated amplitudes or phases used to shape the control field. To provide guidelines as to the types of quantum control systems and control objectives for which asymptotic robustness analysis is important for accuracy, we introduce methods for assessing the Lie algebraic depth of quantum control systems, and illustrate through examples drawn from quantum information processing how such accurate methods for quantification of robustness to noise and uncertainty are more important for control strategies that exploit higher order quantum pathways. In addition, we define the relationship between leading order Taylor expansions and asymptotic estimates for quantum control moments in the presence of Hamiltonian uncertainty and field noise, and apply such leading order approximations to significant pathways analysis and dimensionality reduction of asymptotic quantum robust control calculations, describing numerical methods for implementation of these calculations.
Evidence of ‘two plasmon’ decay of energetic particle induced geodesic acoustic mode
Authors: Qiu Zhiyong , Chen Liu , Zonca Fulvio , Falessi Matteo Valerio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Secondary low frequency mode generation by energetic particle induced geodesic acoustic mode (EGAM) observed in LHD experiment is studied using nonlinear gyrokinetic theory. It is found that the EGAM frequency can be significantly higher than local geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) frequency in low collisionality plasmas, and it can decay into two GAMs as its frequency approaches twice GAM frequency, in a process analogous to the well-known two plasmon decay instability. The condition for this process to occur is also discussed.
Exact solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa equation via Wronskian solutions: Soliton, breather, and multiple lump solutions
Authors: Tang Yaning , Liang Zaijun , Ma Jinli 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the Hirota bilinear method is applied to investigate the exact solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa (JM) equation, including solitons, breathers and lumps, which satisfy specific Wronskian conditions. Their dynamic behaviors and the effects of free parameters on the propagation direction and velocity are analyzed through three-dimensional images and the corresponding contour plots. Especially, based on the 2Mth-order Wronskian determinant solutions, the determinant expression of arbitrary Mth-order lump solutions is constructed by employing elementary transformation and long wave limit. The experimental results show that the interaction between multiple lumps is a completely elastic collision. These results may be helpful to understand the propagation processes of nonlinear waves in some nonlinear physical systems, such as fluid mechanics, nonlinear optics and so on.
Trapping effect for QCD axion dark matter
Authors: Nakagawa Shota , Takahashi Fuminobu , Yamada Masaki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the early universe, the potential of a scalar field can be significantly modified, and the scalar field may be trapped for a long time in a different location than the current vacuum. The trapping effect can increase or decrease the scalar abundance. For instance, in thermal inflation, a scalar field is trapped at the top of the potential by a thermal effect and dominates the universe to drive inflation for a short period of time. On the other hand, a scalar abundance can be exponentially suppressed in the adiabatic suppression mechanism, where a scalar field moves adiabatically by a time-dependent trapping potential. In this study, we investigate such a trapping effect on the abundance of scalar fields. Specifically, we investigate how the abundance of a scalar field depends on its initial position in the case of a double well potential and identify the physical quantity that controls the abundance. Then, we study the QCD axion abundance for various values of the misalignment angle, where the axon potential receives a large temporal mass due to the Witten effect. We find that the axion abundance is suppressed due to the adiabatic suppression mechanism even when it is trapped near the maximum of the potential, if the trapping effect is sufficiently large.
Neutrino and dark matter in a gauged U(1)_R symmetry
Authors: I. Nagao Keiko , Okada Hiroshi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study neutrinos and dark matter based on a gauged U(1)R symmetry in the framework of a radiative seesaw scenario.
We identify the dark matter as a bosonic particle that interacts with the quark and the lepton sectors through vector-like heavier quarks and leptons.
The dark matter also plays a role in generating the neutrino mass matrix with the neutral heavier fermions.
We explore several constraints for the masses and the couplings related to the dark matter by computing the relic density and the scattering cross sections for direct detection methods, taking into consideration neutrino oscillations, lepton flavor violations, and the muon anomalous magnetic moment.
Finally, we mention the semileptonic decays and the neutral meson mixings that occur through the dark matter by one-loop box diagrams.