bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic ethanol vapor exposure potentiates cardiovascular responses to acute stress in male but not in female rats
Authors: Bianchi Paula Cristina , de-Souza Lucas Gomes , Costa-Ferreira Willian , Palombo Paola , de Oliveira Paulo E. Carneiro , Engi Sheila A. , Leão Rodrigo M. , Planeta Cleopatra S. , Crestani Carlos C. , Cruz Fabio C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Ethanol use is related to a wide variety of negative health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases. Stress is also involved in numerous pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases and psychiatric disorders. Sexual dimorphism is an important factor affecting cardiovascular response and has been proposed as a potential risk factor for sex-specific health problems in humans. Here, we evaluated the effect of prolonged ethanol vapor inhalation on arterial pressure, heart rate and tail skin temperature responses to acute restraint stress, investigating differences between male and female rats. Methods: We exposed male and female Long-Evans rats to ethanol vapor for 14 hours, followed by ethanol withdrawal for 10 hours, for 30 consecutive days, or to room air (control groups). The animals underwent surgical implantation of a cannula into the femoral artery for assessment of arterial pressure and heart rate values. The tail skin temperature was measured as an indirect measurement of sympathetic vasomotor response. Results: Chronic ethanol vapor inhalation reduced basal heart rate in both female and male rats. Sex-related difference was observed in the decrease of tail cutaneous temperature evoked by stress, but not in the pressor and tachycardiac responses. Furthermore, prolonged ethanol inhalation enhanced the blood pressure and heart rate increase caused by acute restraint stress in male, but not in female rats. However, no effect of chronic ethanol vapor was observed in the tail cutaneous temperature response to restraint in either sex. Conclusion: Chronic ethanol vapor exposure increased the cardiovascular reactivity to stress in male, but not in female rats.
Water, sanitation, and hygiene for schistosomiasis prevention: a qualitative analysis of experiences of stakeholders in rural KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Mulopo Chanelle , Chimbari Moses J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
uMkhanyakude District in KwaZulu-Natal province is one of the districts in the six provinces in South Africa where schistosomiasis is endemic. While it is well established that schistosomiasis is a public health problem in the district and that efforts to prevent and control the disease have been made, very little has been done to involve stakeholders in the implementation of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) strategies for schistosomiasis control. Hence, this study sought to document current WASH practices and explore how engaging diverse stakeholders can contribute to the prevention and control of schistosomiasis. Qualitative data were collected through eight key informant interviews with community leaders, nurses, community caregivers, and pre-school teachers; and four focus group discussions with community members during the dry season. The study adopted a grounded theory approach. Data were analyzed using the six steps of thematic analysis. Findings show that the key players in the promotion of water, sanitation, and hygiene were not clearly defined. Although effective implementation, promotion, and adoption of WASH can be fully achieved with the involvement of various stakeholders, we found that there was a limited collaboration among WASH stakeholders.
Analysis of extreme rainfall in Oti River Basin (West Africa)
Authors: Klassou Komi S. , Komi Kossi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Understanding how extreme rainfall is changing locally is a useful step in the implementation of efficient adaptation strategies to negative impacts of climate change. This study aims to analyze extreme rainfall over the middle Oti River Basin. Ten moderate extreme precipitation indices as well as heavy rainfall of higher return periods (25, 50, 75, and 100 years) were calculated using observed daily data from 1921 to 2018. In addition, Mann–Kendall and Sen's slope tests were used for trend analysis. The results showed decreasing trends in most of the heavy rainfall indices while the dry spell index exhibited a rising trend in a large portion of the study area. The occurrence of heavy rainfall of higher return periods has slightly decreased in a large part of the study area. Also, analysis of the annual maximum rainfall revealed that the generalized extreme value is the most appropriate three-parameter frequency distribution for predicting extreme rainfall in the Oti River Basin. The novelty of this study lies in the combination of both descriptive indices and extreme value theory in the analysis of extreme rainfall in a data-scarce river basin. The results are useful for water resources management in this area.
Irrigation water quality and its impact on the physicochemical and microbiological contamination of vegetables produced from market gardening: a case of the Vea Irrigation Dam, U.E.R., Ghana
Authors: Douti Nang Biyogue , Amuah Ebenezer Ebo Yahans , Abanyie Samuel Kojo , Amanin-Ennin Prince 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The rationale for this study was to assess the physicochemical and bacteriological qualities of the Vea irrigation water and resultant effects on the quality of fresh vegetables produced in the area and associated implications for consumers’ health. A total of 45 water samples were collected from the reservoir and canals. Also, 16 vegetable samples comprising four samples each of tomatoes, carrots, spring onions, and cabbages were collected from four farms with installed irrigation systems fed by the Vea Dam. The irrigation water samples were analyzed for total coliform (TC) and fecal coliform (FC), Escherichia coli, pH, and turbidity, while the samples of vegetables were analyzed for TC and FC, and E. coli. The results showed that except for pH, the bacterial loads and turbidity of the sampled vegetables and irrigation water were above the standards of the WHO and the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Food. Comparatively, the samples of cabbage recorded the highest levels of microbial contamination. The study suggests that the water should be treated before being used for irrigation; consumers should ensure that vegetables are properly washed and cooked/treated before consumption; and periodic monitoring and assessment should be done to ensure that the adverse effects of these activities are forestalled.
Treated municipal wastewater to fulfil crop water footprints and irrigation demand – a review
Authors: Biswas Amit , Mailapalli Damodhara Rao , Raghuwanshi Narendra Singh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDirect application of raw municipal wastewater for irrigation purposes may create many undesirable harmful consequences. Therefore, treated effluent through different technologies is generally preferred for reuse especially in water-scarce regions. In the present study, the performances of some treatment technologies like constructed wetland (CW), waste stabilisation pond (WSP), membrane bioreactor (MBR), vermi-biofiltration (VBF) and land treatment methods for removal of chemical and biological impurities from municipal wastewater were reviewed. The study revealed that the treated water quality varied depending on the hydraulic retention time under different treatment methods. The reservoir should be considered an integral part of the wastewater treatment system and not merely an operative ponding volume for irrigation. The comparatively advanced MBR technique showed better performance for removal of BOD, COD, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and other biological impurities than the traditional approach. Some techniques like land treatment methods and VBF were found to be equally attractive in developed as well as developing nations. The future projections of global green and blue water scarcities indicate treated water to be a valuable alternative water resource to fulfil required crop water footprints as well as irrigation demands.
Gerenciamento Do Descarte De Resíduos Químicos Radiológicos: Revisão Literatura
Authors: Teixeira Alberigi Vitória , Vieira Da Silva Júnior Irineu , Reinalda Barreto de Rangel Moreira Cavalcanti Irenilda 
Published: February 2021

O gerenciamento de resíduos e sua destinação final correta vêm crescendo como uma forma eficaz de minimizar os impactos ambientais negativos que determinadas atividades industriais e de saúde provocam ao meio ambiente e a saúde humana. Diversas áreas da saúde utilizam exames radiológicos para melhor visualização de imagens de pacientes, onde este exame utiliza determinadas substâncias em seu processo que são consideradas tóxicas. Desta forma, há a necessidade de um gerenciamento do processo radiológico, desde a entrada dos produtos utilizados até o descarte dos resíduos gerados, sendo eles resíduos químicos e radiológicos. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica nas revistas acadêmicas e foram consultadas as legislações pertinentes ao Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) e a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Tendo em vista que poucos profissionais da área radiológica tem conhecimento das legislações pertinentes ao correto descarte de resíduos provenientes do processo de radiografia e é imprescindível que haja a conscientização dos mesmos para colaborarem com soluções sustentáveis para o meio ambiente. Uma solução seria o uso da radiografia digital que não utiliza soluções químicas no processamento radiográfico e, portanto, não geram efluentes.
Palavras-Chave: resíduos; raios-x; sustentabilidade.
Comparison Between the Effects of Bupivacaine and Levobupivacaine for Spinal Anesthesia on QT Dispersion
Authors: Pehlivan Veli F. , Akçay Murat , İkeda Özlem C. , Göğüş Nermin 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Bupivacaine and Levobupivacaine are frequently used local anesthetic
drugs in spinal anesthesia practice. Both agents have arrhythmic effects on the heart. However,
there is no clear information about which agent is more arrhythmogenic.

Objective:
The aim of this article is to investigate the effects of bupivacaine and its S (-)-enantiomer,
levobupivacaine, on cardiac arrhythmias in patients.

Methods:
The study included 40 patients scheduled for inguinal hernia surgery. Patients were randomly
divided into the following two groups using a sealed envelope method: Group I, the bupivacaine
group (n = 20); and Group II, the levobupivacaine group (n = 20). The QT values were taken
preoperatively and during the 10th of the spinal block, the 10th of the surgical incision, and the 10th
postoperative minute. Additionally, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP),
mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation (SO2), and heart rate (HR) values, in addition to
motor block (Bromage scale) levels and durations, were recorded for each patient.

Results:
HR values measured at 10 min after spinal block were significantly higher than the baseline
values in the levobupivacaine group (p %#60; 0.05). The corrected QT interval (QTc) values increased
significantly at 10 minutes after spinal block and at 10 min postoperatively in the bupivacaine
group (p %#60; 0.05). QTd and QTcd measurements were taken at the 10th minute of spinal anesthesia,
the 10th minute of the incision, and the 10th minute postoperatively. When compared to the levobupivacaine
group, a statistically significant increase was found in the bupivacaine group (p %#60;0.05).

Conclusion:
Levobupivacaine allows greater hemodynamic stability, while bupivacaine affects
QTc and QTd measurement times more. As such, we believe that levobupivacaine may be a better
alternative to bupivacaine during clinical practice, particularly in patients with cardiac problems.
Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds in Fish Physiology, with Emphasis on
their Effects on the Arginine Vasotocin/Isotocin System
Authors: Kalamarz-Kubiak Hanna 
Published: February 2021

Background and Objectives:
The purposes of this review are to promote better use of
existing knowledge of marine pollutants, especially endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), and
to draw attention to the slow progression of the research on the influence of those compounds on
arginine vasotocin/isotocin system (AVT/IT) in fish. EDCs are leading to the degradation of fish
habitats, reducing their spawning potential and possibly their population parameters (e.g. growth,
maturation), by preventing fish from breeding and rebuilding their populations. Therefore, searching
for new welfare indicators such as AVT and IT and developing research procedures mimicking
environmental conditions using a versatile fish model is extremely important.

Discussion:
Fish species such as zebrafish (Danio rerio) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus)
can be recommended as very suitable models for studying estrogenic EDCs on the AVT/IT
system and other hormones involved in the neuroendocrine regulation of physiological processes in
fish.

Conclusion:
These studies would not only improve our understanding of the effects of EDCs on
vertebrates but could also help safeguard the well-being of aquatic and terrestrial organisms from
the harmful effects of these compounds.
Examining an Integrative Cognitive Model of Predicting Health App Use: Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Kim Kwanho , Lee Chul-Joo 
Published: February 2021

Background
Specifying the determinants of using health apps has been an important research topic for health scholars as health apps have proliferated during the past decade. Socioeconomic status (SES) has been revealed as a significant determinant of using health apps, but the cognitive mechanisms underlying the relationship between SES and health app use are unknown.

Objective
This study aims to examine the cognitive mechanisms underlying the relationships between SES and use of health apps, applying the integrative model of behavioral prediction (IM). The model hypothesizes the indirect influences of SES on intentions to use health apps, which in turn predict actual use of health apps. The relationships between SES and intentions to use health apps were assumed to be mediated by proximal variables (attitudes, perceived behavioral control [PBC], injunctive norms, and descriptive norms).

Methods
We conducted path analyses using data from a two-wave opt-in panel survey of Korean adults who knew about health apps. The number of respondents was 605 at baseline and 440 at follow-up. We compared our model with two alternative theoretical models based on modified IM to further clarify the roles of determinants of health app use.

Results
Attitudes (β=.220, P<.001), PBC (β=.461, P<.001), and injunctive norms (β=.186, P<.001) were positively associated with intentions to use health apps, which, in turn, were positively related to actual use of health apps (β=.106, P=.03). Income was positively associated with intentions to use health apps, and this relationship was mediated by attitudes (B=0.012, 95% CI 0.001-0.023) and PBC (B=0.026, 95% CI 0.004-0.048). Education was positively associated with descriptive norms (β=.078, P=.03), but descriptive norms were not significantly related to intentions to use health apps. We also found that PBC interacted with attitudes (B=0.043, SE 0.022, P=.046) and jointly influenced intentions to use health apps, whereas the results did not support direct influences of education, income, and PBC on health app use.

Conclusions
We found that PBC over using health apps may be the most important factor in predicting health app use. This suggests the necessity of designing and promoting health apps in a user-friendly way. Our findings also imply that socioeconomic inequalities in using health apps may be reduced by increasing positive attitudes toward, and boosting PBC over, health app use among individuals with low income.
Efecto de la dosificación de CO2 en la cinética de crecimiento de microalgas Chlorella vulgaris y Scenedesmus obliquuss
Authors: Ararat Orozco Milton Cesar , Sanclemente Reyes Oscar Eduardo , Vergara Patiño Leonardo 
Published: February 2021

Contextualización: actualmente se ha incrementado el interés en la producción de microalgas debido a los diferentes usos de la biomasa microalgal en algunos sectores industriales, además de la posibilidad de emplearse en la mitigación de gases de efecto invernadero gracias a su alta capacidad para la captura de CO2.
Vacío de conocimiento: como parte del Acuerdo de Paris en 2015, Colombia se comprometió en reducir un 20% sus emisiones de gases efecto invernadero, con el propósito de contribuir a la meta establecida para 2050; por esta razón, se deben desarrollar investigaciones y planes de acción enfocados a este objetivo.

Propósito del estudio: el propósito de este estudio es evaluar del efecto de la inducción de CO2 en diferentes concentraciones sobre la cinética de crecimiento de Chlorella Vulgaris CV_2714A y Scenedesmus Obliquus SOB_001 en un sistema de fotobiorreactores a escala laboratorio, en un volumen de 3,8 L de medio de cultivo (solución NPK + micronutrientes).
Metodología: los ensayos se realizaron en fotoperiodos con 12 h de luz y 12 h de oscuridad durante 5 días consecutivos. El diseño experimental aleatorizado cuyas fuentes de variación fueron: especie microalgas y dosificación de CO2 (0, 2, 6,5, y 12,8 L. día-1) con iluminación artificial por lámpara fluorescente de 4400 lúmenes. Se estimó la concentración celular por medio de la aproximación numérica en cámara de “Neubauer” con la metodología usada por Darki et al. (2017), además de tasa de crecimiento y tiempo de duplicación celular en días de acuerdo con Andersen, (2005). Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis de varianza y pruebas de medias de Tukey (p < 0,05).
Resultados y conclusiones: los resultados en los diferentes ensayos mostraron mayor concentración celular en C. vulgaris en comparación con S. obliquus. En cuanto al suministro de CO2, las 2 especies obtuvieron respuesta significativamente mayor (p <0,05) a la dosis de 6.5 L. día-1 alcanzando concentración es celulares de 2.59 x 107 cel.ml-1 y 4.62 x 106 cel.ml-1 respectivamente. Estos resultados permiten concluir que el cultivo de estas microalgas asociado a la dosis de CO2 puede favorecer a su rápido crecimiento y producción de biomasa, al tiempo que, también puede contribuir a otros estudios sobre disminución de gases de efecto invernadero.
Biosurfactants produced by metal-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Zea mays rhizosphere and compost
Authors: Aguirre-Noyola José Luis , Romero Ramírez Yaneth , Ruvalcaba Ledezma Jesus Carlos , Forero Forero Angela Victoria , León Rodríguez Renato , Toribio Jimenez Jeyri 
Published: February 2021

Contextualization: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of producing biosurfactants which have many uses in bioremediation and the production of antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic, sporicidal and antifungal agents, among others.
Knowledge gap: This study describes the production of mono and di-rhamnolipid biosurfactants by P. aeruginosa strains isolated from Zea mays rhizosphere and composts in the state of Guerrero, Mexico.
Purpose: The overall aims were to investigate biosurfactant, pyocyanin production, and tolerance to heavy metals and antimicrobial activity capacity than biosurfactants produced from P. aeruginosa strains from corn rhizosphere and compost in Mexico.
Methodology: Biosurfactant production was determined based hemolysis on blood agar, blue halos in CTAB-Methylene blue agar, drop collapse test and production of foam on PPGAS broth, the emulsion index (IE24) and antibacterial capacity. The strains were identified by sequence of the 16S rDNA gene and their resistance to heavy metals were also evaluated.
Results and conclusions: Two strains isolated from Zea mays rhizosphere (PAM8, PAM9) were the best biosurfactant producers and their extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Grampositive and Gramnegative bacteria. PAM8 and PAM9 showed >30% of cellular hydrophobicity to hydrocarbons, and were capable of emulsifying toluene, cyclohexane, petroleum, diesel and oils. All strains showed the same profile of heavy metal tolerance (As5+ >As3+ >Zn2+ >Pb2+ >Fe3+ >Cd2+ >Cu2+ >Cr6+ in concentrations of 20, 10, 10, 6, 4, 4, 2 and 2 mM., respectively). The isolation of biosurfactant-producing and heavy-metal tolerant bacteria from Zea mays rhizosphere and compost in Guerrero demonstrates the capacity for this region to harbor potentially important microbial strains for industrial or bioremediation applications.
Implementing Sustainable Finance Principles: Legal Implications of Ease of Doing Business Towards Banking Credit Approval
Authors: Saragih Bagus , Abubakar Lastuti , Handayani Tri 
Published: February 2021

The application of licenses based on commitments as a part of ease of doing business has shifted the obligations present for business actors. One of the forms of said change is the absence of an obligation to conduct EIAs as a basic requirement to acquire a business license. This could boost investment within Indonesia, on the other hand, it also has the potential to prompt legal risks that is the revocation of business licenses towards actors that had failed to fulfill business license commitments under GR OSS. This provision impacts the application of the principle of sustainable financing. With the requirement of EIAs as a fulfillment towards the commitments that are prerequisite of business licenses in the OSS GR, banks gain the challenge of adjusting their approach towards the gaining of profits from long term investments depends on a sustainable future, specifically in the administering of credits by banks. the article aims to analyze the legal implications of changing regulation upon EIAs requirement on the ease of business licensing in licenses based on commitments though Online Single Submission towards the application of the principle of sustainable financing and the juridical consequences of the use of licenses based on commitments in the approval of bank credit. This research uses a normative juridical approach specifying in the descriptive analysis of primary and secondary sources of law. The identification the changed regulation upon EIAs requirement on the ease of business licensing in licenses based on commitments though Online Single Submission has legal consequences on the applications of sustainable financing principle. Sustainable principle pushed out the alteration of the approach of banks in the initiation of sustainable economic development with the gaining of profits from long term investments dependant on future sustainable policy frameworks. Bank must take that approach is through policy frameworks that support sustainable economic development by crystallizing EIAs as a tool for credit breaking