bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opioid analgesic prescribing for opioid‐naïve individuals prior to identification of opioid use disorder in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Enns Benjamin , Krebs Emanuel , Thomson Trevor , Dale Laura M. , Min Jeong Eun , Nosyk Bohdan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsPrescription opioid analgesics have contributed to the development of opioid use disorder (OUD) in many individuals. We aimed to characterize non‐cancer opioid prescribing for opioid‐naive individuals prior to OUD identification.DesignPopulation‐based retrospective cohort study using six linked health administrative databases.SettingBritish Columbia (BC), Canada.ParticipantsPeople with OUD between 1 January 2001 and 30 September 2018 who initiated opioid analgesic therapy for non‐cancer pain prior to OUD identification.MeasurementsDose (morphine milligram equivalent per day), days prescribed and clinical guideline non‐concordance for initial opioid prescriptions (dose ≥ 90 morphine milligram equivalent per day; ≥ 7 days prescribed; concomitant sedative prescription). We estimated the probability of non‐concordant initial prescriptions by source (inpatient post‐discharge, non‐inpatient acute, non‐acute) using logistic regression, adjusting for individual characteristics and comorbidities.FindingsAmong 66 372 individuals identified with OUD from 2001 to 2018, 21 331 (32.1%) received opioid analgesics prior to OUD identification. This proportion increased from 3.0% in 2001 to 41.0% in 2011, before decreasing to 34.2% in 2017. Roughly half of opioid prescriptions were attributed to non‐acute care visits, peaking at 56.8% in 2007, while the proportion from inpatient visits increased from 19.7% in 2001 to 28.5% in 2017. The predicted probability of receiving non‐guideline concordant prescriptions declined over time‐periods across all three measures for inpatient and non‐inpatient acute care, while remaining stable for non‐acute care. In particular, the predicted probability of receiving ≥ 7‐day prescriptions following inpatient visits decreased from 53.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 50.9, 55.8%] in 2001–06 to 37.2% (95% CI = 33.9, 40.5%) in 2013–18.ConclusionsAmong the 66 372 individuals in British Columbia, Canada diagnosed with opioid use disorder between 2001 and 2018, more than 32% were earlier prescribed non‐cancer opioid analgesics. The proportion who had received an opioid analgesic prescription prior to OUD identification peaked at more than 40% in 2011, before stabilizing between 2011 and 2016 and declining thereafter. Guideline concordance improved over time for high‐dose and concomitant sedative prescribing.
Consensus statements on the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma from the Hong Kong Urological Association and the Hong Kong Society of Uro‐Oncology 2019
Authors: Poon Darren Ming‐Chun , Chan Chun‐Ki , Chan Kuen , Chu Wing‐Hong , Kwong Philip Wai‐Kay , Lam Wayne , Law Ka‐Suet , Lee Eric Ka‐Chai , Liu Pak‐Ling , Sze Henry Chun‐Kin , Wong Joseph Hon‐Ming , Chan Eddie Shu‐Yin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo establish a set of consensus statements for the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, a total of 12 urologists and clinical oncologists from two professional associations in Hong Kong formed an expert consensus panel.MethodsThrough a series of meetings and using the modified Delphi method, the panelists presented recent evidence, discussed clinical experiences, and drafted consensus statements on several areas of focus regarding the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Each statement was eventually voted upon by every panelist based on the practicability of recommendation.ResultsA total of 46 consensus statements were ultimately accepted and established by panel voting.ConclusionsDerived from recent evidence and expert insights, these consensus statements were aimed at providing practical guidance to optimize metastatic renal cell carcinoma management and promote a higher standard of clinical care.
Olaparib dose re‐escalation in ovarian cancer patients who experienced severe and/or uncommon adverse events: A case series
Authors: Ngu Siew‐Fei , Tse Ka‐Yu , Chu Mandy M. Y. , Ngan Hextan Y. S. , Chan Karen K. L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimFew real‐world studies have reported detailed management and dose adjustment strategies of adverse events (AEs) of ovarian cancer (OC) patients treated with the poly(adenosine diphosphate‐ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib. This case series aimed to describe olaparib AEs in Chinese OC patients in real‐life settings and to explore dose modification strategies.MethodsWe conducted a detailed examination of the clinical records of OC patients who were treated with olaparib at the Gynecologic Oncology Unit in Hong Kong from September 2015 to December 2019, including baseline characteristics, treatment outcomes, AEs, and management strategies, particularly dose modifications.ResultsNineteen patients were included, with a median olaparib treatment duration of 12 (range: 3–30) months. For recurrent platinum‐sensitive cases (n = 16), the median progression‐free survival was 16.0 months (95% confidence interval: 9.5–22.5). Eighteen (95%) patients experienced AE(s) of any grade, including four (21%) who experienced grade ≥3 AE(s). The most common AEs were as follows: nonhematologic fatigue (68%), nausea (42%), vomiting (26%), decreased appetite (26%), dyspepsia (21%), dizziness (21%), anemia (37%), neutropenia (26%), and thrombocytopenia (21%). Four specific cases involving anemia, lower limb lymphedema, myeloid neoplasm, and erythema nodosum are discussed separately. Eight patients required dose interruption or reduction due to AEs, of which five patients attempted and tolerated dose re‐escalation.ConclusionIn this study, most AEs were mild, but rare AEs were observed. In OC patients, olaparib AE management with dose reductions followed by re‐escalations was feasible, including for anemia.
The rights movement of young people living in and leaving care in England between 1973 and 2011: A history from below
Authors: Stein Mike 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the history of the rights movement of young people in care in England between 1973 and 2011. It describes the histories of the different groups that made up the movement during this 38‐year period: the Leeds Ad‐Lib group (1973–1975); Who Cares? (1975–1978); the National Association of Young People in Care (1979–1994); Black and In Care (1983–1985); and A National Voice (1998–2011). The narrative includes an analysis of contextual factors and the contribution of these groups in increasing awareness of leaving care policy and practice issues. The article concludes with a discussion of a young person's history of care, including recurring themes relating to young people's transitions to adulthood: their ‘loss’ of family; their disrupted lives in care; their experience of education; leaving care early; and their lack of support into adulthood.
Predictors of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID‐19 in an underserved urban population: A single tertiary center experience
Authors: Barnes Drew H. , Lo Kevin Bryan , Bhargav Ruchika , Gul Fahad , DeJoy Robert , Peterson Eric , Salacup Grace , Pelayo Jerald , Albano Jeri , Azmaiparashvili Zurab , Rangaswami Janani , Carpio Andres Mora , Patarroyo‐Aponte Gabriel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is reported in up to 27% of patients with COVID‐19 due to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Dysregulated systemic inflammation and various patient traits are presumed to underlie this anomaly. Optimal VTE prophylaxis in COVID‐19 patients has not been established due to a lack of validated models for predicting VTE in this population. Our study aims to address this deficiency by identifying demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 patients associated with increased VTE risk.MethodsThis study is a retrospective analysis of all adult patients (final sample, n = 355) hospitalized with confirmed COVID‐19 at Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia between March 1 and April 24, 2020. Demographic and clinical patient data were collected and factors associated with VTE were identified and analyzed using t‐tests, multivariable logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsThirty patients (8.5%) developed VTE. Patients with VTE had significantly higher D‐dimer levels on admission (P = 0.045) and peak D‐dimer levels (P < 0.0001), in addition to higher rates of vasopressor requirements (P = 0.038), intubation (P = 0.003), and death (P = 0.023). Age (OR 1.042), obstructive sleep apnea (OR 5.107), and need for intubation (OR 3.796) were associated with significantly increased odds of VTE. Peak D‐dimer level was a good predictor of VTE (AUC 0.806, P < 0.0001) and a D‐dimer cutoff of >6640 ng/mL had high (>70%) sensitivity and specificity for VTE.ConclusionPeak D‐dimer level may be the most reliable clinical marker in COVID‐19 patients for predicting VTE and future prospective studies should attempt to further validate this.
Doppelblinde, randomisierte repetitive In‐vivo‐Wirksamkeitsstudie zu kommerziellen Hautschutzprodukten gegen Natriumlaurylsulfat (SLS)
Authors: Schliemann Sibylle , Müller Maren , Stadeler Martina , Elsner Peter 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundIn der Primär‐ und Sekundärprävention von Berufsdermatosen werden Hautschutzprodukte eingesetzt, die eine präexpositionelle Schutzwirkung aufweisen sollen. Insbesondere finden sich auf dem Markt zahlreiche Produkte, die zum Einsatz bei Feuchtarbeit ausgelobt werden. Eine objektive Qualitätsbeurteilung dieser Produkte für Anwender ist auf Grund fehlender vergleichender Wirksamkeitsstudien oft nicht möglich.Material und MethodikIn einer doppelblinden, randomisierten und kontrollierten In‐vivo‐Studie wurden sechs kommerzielle Hautschutzexterna in einem repetitiven Irritationsmodell untersucht. Sie wurden hinsichtlich ihrer präexpositionellen Schutzwirkung vor dem durch Natriumlaurylsulfat (SLS) induzierten irritativen Kontaktekzem mittels hautphysiologischer Methoden getestet. Es wurde ein Wirkindex anhand des transepidermalen Wasserverlustes (TEWL) gemäß des Protokolls der multizentrischen Studie des Forschungsprojektes FP 275 der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung DGUV berechnet.ErgebnisseDie untersuchten Externa zeigten eine Schutzwirkung gegen SLS im Vergleich zum unbehandelten Kontrollfeld, wiesen allerdings signifikante Wirkunterschiede auf. Die Auswertung der Nebenparameter Corneometrie und visueller Score erbrachte ebenfalls Unterschiede zwischen den Externa.SchlussfolgerungenDie zwischen den untersuchten Externa festgestellten Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Wirkgüte ermöglichten eine Einteilung der Produkte, welche als Grundlage für die Auswahl geeigneter Schutzpräparate dienen kann.
Pathogenicity of Sirococcus tsugae on major coniferous tree species of Belgian forest
Authors: Pirronitto Salvatore , Charlier Adrien , Claessens Hugues , Schmitz Sophie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the potential impact of Sirococcus tsugae on Belgian coniferous forest, a pathogenicity test was conducted through wound inoculation of two‐year‐old seedlings of different tree species. Picea abies, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus sylvestris, Larix x eurolepsis as well as Tsuga heterophylla and Cedrus atlantica were inoculated with an isolate of S. tsugae collected from the only known infected site in Belgium. The tested strain proved to be highly pathogenic towards seedlings not only of two known host species of the disease (T. heterophylla and C. atlantica) but also of L. x eurolepsis. This result highlights the risk that a possible emergence of S. tsugae might represent for some important forest tree species, including species currently not known as hosts of the disease. However, as the two main coniferous tree species in Belgium (P. abies and P. sylvestris) did not appear sensitive to S. tsugae, the potential impact of the pathogen on the Belgian forest is limited.
Neural tracking of the fundamental frequency of the voice: The effect of voice characteristics
Authors: Van Canneyt Jana , Wouters Jan , Francart Tom 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTraditional electrophysiological methods to study temporal auditory processing of the fundamental frequency of the voice (f0) often use unnaturally repetitive stimuli. In this study, we investigated f0 processing of meaningful continuous speech. EEG responses evoked by stories in quiet were analysed with a novel method based on linear modelling that characterizes the neural tracking of the f0. We studied both the strength and the spatio‐temporal properties of the f0‐tracking response. Moreover, different samples of continuous speech (six stories by four speakers: two male and two female) were used to investigate the effect of voice characteristics on the f0 response. The results indicated that response strength is inversely related to f0 frequency and rate of f0 change throughout the story. As a result, the male‐narrated stories in this study (low and steady f0) evoked stronger f0‐tracking compared to female‐narrated stories (high and variable f0), for which many responses were not significant. The spatio‐temporal analysis revealed that f0‐tracking response generators were not fixed in the brainstem but were voice‐dependent as well. Voices with high and variable f0 evoked subcortically dominated responses with a latency between 7 and 12 ms. Voices with low and steady f0 evoked responses that are both subcortically (latency of 13–15 ms) and cortically (latency of 23–26 ms) generated, with the right primary auditory cortex as a likely cortical source. Finally, additional experiments revealed that response strength greatly improves for voices with strong higher harmonics, which is particularly useful to boost the small responses evoked by voices with high f0.
A novel predictive model for multiaxial fatigue in carburized bevel gears
Authors: Böhme Stephan André , Vinogradov Alexei , Papuga Jan , Berto Filippo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis publication focuses on the numerical stress prediction in case‐carburized bevel gears and on their fatigue assessment. Four gear sets are analyzed for the common fatigue failure modes of pitting, tooth root breakage, and subsurface fatigue. The proposed algorithm, enabling the prediction of the dominant failure type and region, relies on the previously published material model for carburized CrNiMo steels. It utilizes a 2D plane strain simplification as only the mean cross‐section is analyzed and evaluates the shear mean and amplitude stresses through the maximum rectangular hull method. A novel multiaxial fatigue criterion is presented and validated.
An exploration into suicide prevention initiatives for mental health nurses: A systematic literature review
Authors: Dabkowski Elissa , Porter Joanne E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMental health and suicide prevention are national health priorities in Australia, with research currently focussed towards the ZERO Suicide (ZS) initiative. The aim of this review was to evaluate the impact of suicide prevention programmes, in particular the ZS prevention initiative. A systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines was conducted using six EBSCO Host databases; Academic Search Complete, Australian/New Zealand Reference Centre, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, and APA Psyc Articles. The data extracted from the eligible papers were analysed using a thematic approach. The final data set consisted of fourteen (n = 14) peer‐reviewed articles meeting the eligibility criteria, which included quantitative (n = 10), mixed methods (n = 2), and qualitative studies (n = 2). Results indicated variances between suicide prevention programmes with some papers examining single workshops and others assessing multimodal, organizational interventions. Five major themes were produced from this review including measuring the success of suicide prevention programmes, improvements to the delivery of suicide prevention programmes, barriers to implementing changes, cultural considerations, and further research required for suicide prevention programmes. This review concludes that further long‐term research is required to evaluate the implementation and efficacy of suicide prevention programmes in health care. Cultural awareness in suicide prevention training is another area that may benefit from further research. A growing body of evidence establishes the need for multimodal and organizational approaches for suicide prevention initiatives.
Production and outmigration of young‐of‐year northern pike Esox lucius from natural and modified waterways connected to Lower Green Bay, Wisconsin
Authors: Cottrell Amy M. , David Solomon R. , Forsythe Patrick S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProduction and outmigration of young‐of‐year (YOY) northern pike from natal sites in Lower Green Bay, WI, USA, were documented over three consecutive years (2013–2015). We tested the hypothesis that spawning success and outmigration characteristics of YOY northern pike would vary among natural and anthropogenically modified habitats. Sixteen focal study locations were surveyed, including a restored natural wetland, agricultural drainage ditches, a flooded forested wetland and several unimpounded tributaries. We collected 1469 YOY northern pike with most individuals (N = 1163) originating from a flooded forested wetland on the east shore. Most sites produced YOY in all years (range N = 2–1145 individuals among study years). Outmigration ranged between 1 and 40 days during 2013–2015. Greater production and extended outmigration times occurred at most sites in 2014 (range 17–40 days) when the region experienced a late spring with heavy precipitation. In contrast, the lowest production and shortest outmigration period occurred at most sites in 2015 (range 14–23 days) when environmental conditions reflected regional averages. Outmigration began nearly 3 weeks earlier in 2015 (5/8) than in other study years (8 June 2013 and 25 May 2014). Total length (TL) of outmigrating northern pike ranged between 17 and 138 mm. Total length of YOY was significantly different among sites in 2013 and 2014, with the smallest fish (17 mm TL) outmigrating from agricultural ditches in both years. There were no significant variations in size among sites in 2015 (range 21–95 mm TL). Our results indicate significant variation in YOY northern pike outmigration characteristics within Lower Green Bay that may reflect the interplay between adult spawning site selection and annual weather patterns. Our findings highlight the importance of quantifying overlooked habitats in regions of mixed development.
Agonistic interactions with asymmetric body size in two adult‐age groups of the annual killifish Millerichthys robustus (Miller & Hubbs, 1974)
Authors: Domínguez‐Castanedo Omar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, the author evaluated two adult age groups of the Mexican rivulus Millerichthys robustus with body size asymmetries to determine the strategies used by an annual killifish during agonistic interactions of different ontogenetic stages. To achieve this goal, the author first characterized the ethogram of agonistic interactions of M. robustus composed of seven behavioural units in males and five behavioural units in females. The author then analysed agonistic interaction strategies used by males and females with body size asymmetries in two groups of different adult ages that represent different ontogenetic stages: (a) just after sexual maturity was reached, at 5 weeks of age, and (b) near natural death, at 24 weeks of age. The agonistic behaviour patterns of M. robustus were compatible with the logic of mutual assessment. Large males had an advantage during their interactions in both age groups, winning all of the encounters. Nonetheless, there was more aggression in 5‐week‐old fish encounters. In addition, small 24‐week‐old fish were more aggressive than small 5‐week‐old fish. These changing strategies may be because of the cost–benefits required during a fight at each ontogenetic stage. In the female encounters, size did not predict winners, as both small and large fish won a similar number of encounters, and some contests remained unresolved regardless of age group. There was a tendency for small females of any age to risk more than males in fights to maintain reproductive fitness.
African American marital confiding relationships: A national survey and a test of an educational intervention
Authors: Yeager Corey , Doherty William J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present two related studies on confiding about relationships among African Americans. Study one examined how African Americans serve as confidants in their social networks for people having couple relationship concerns. Using a national survey of African American adults, this study documented the prevalence of confiding relationships, the kinds of problems brought to confidants, and which confidant behaviors are seen as helpful and not helpful. Study two was a randomized controlled trial of Marital First Responders—AA, a culturally adapted version of the Marital First Responders program. Results showed improved skills among African Americans participants who were already natural confidants, as well greater frequency of confiding interactions in their social networks. Enhancing the abilities of natural confidants may be particularly important in the African American community because of stresses on couple relationships and the relatively lower use of therapy services.
Improving the reproductive, immunity and health status of rabbit does using honey bee venom
Authors: Elkomy Alaa , El‐Hanoun Ali , Abdella Mohamed , El‐Sabrout Karim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the long‐term effect of using bee venom (BV) on the reproductive performance, immune, and health status of rabbit does and its effect on their litters. Sixty mature does, from Spanish V‐line rabbit stock, were randomly assigned to four homogeneous groups with 15 does each. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups were injected twice weekly under the neck skin with 0.1 ml solution contains 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg BV/rabbit respectively. The 4th group served as a control group. From the results, litter size at birth, litter weight and survival rate at weaning age as well as milk yield were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased in BV groups than in the control group. Serum estradiol 17‐β (E2) was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher (15%) in the rabbit does treated with BV compared to the control group. The treated does with BV at any study doses showed a gradual and significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease (12%) in serum progesterone levels (P4) compared to the control. They also showed a significant (p≤0.05) increase in conception (17%) and fertility rates (10%) compared to the control does. Treatment of rabbit does with BV caused a gradual and significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in both aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (16%) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (37%) liver enzyme activities. Additionally, results have shown that BV resulted in a gradual and significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), antioxidative enzymes such as glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), serum IgG, IgM and IgA levels with significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in BV groups compared to the control group. Results suggest that BV can be used in rabbit farming as an effective and safe alternative to artificial chemical drugs (sexual‐stimulants) to improve certain reproductive traits, immune response and health.