bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiencing success: an occupational therapy partnership programme. Gymnastics for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Ambrose Helen 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to outline and evaluate a pilot partnership programme – an Occupational Therapy–led gymnastics group intervention for children aged eight to twelve with a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Design/methodology/approach
The overall aim of this programme was to increase participation in a valued leisure occupation. Based on the needs of the children, a physical-activity-based intervention was chosen that was challenging, novel and motivating. The intervention was then developed to target executive functioning and processing skills; enhance motor coordination skills; develop social skills; and primarily provide a positive experience. Seventeen children attended 75-minute sessions weekly for eight weeks. The programme was evaluated using non-standardised qualitative measures – parent, child and coach evaluation questionnaires were developed by the occupational therapist for this purpose.

Findings
Children engaged well in the programme with results showing increased participation and enjoyment of a new leisure occupation; improvement in social interaction levels and a sense of belonging; and development of motor and process skills. The results demonstrate the benefit of a partnership approach and suggest sustainability of the programme as well as the gains made.

Originality/value
The results of this evaluation suggest that the programme met its aims and supports further research into the efficacy of this type of partnership approach and intervention in supporting children with ADHD attending Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services.
Does structural capital count in human capital-corporate financial performance relationship? Evidence from deposit money banks in Nigeria
Authors: Onuoha Nnachi Egwu 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore human capital and corporate financial performance link from the perspective of human capital theory, resources-based view and balanced score card approach, and the mediating role of structural capital in this relationship.Design/methodology/approachOverall, a data set was drawn from five-year annual reports of deposit money banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Additionally, the bootstrap procedure was performed to test the mediating role of structural capital.FindingsSpecifically, the paper results indicate that whereas human capital has significant positive effect on corporate financial performance and structural capital, structural capital has significant positive effect on corporate financial performance. Additionally, the study finds structural capital to mediate the effect of human capital on organizational financial performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper focused on 12 DMBs in Nigeria and their five year annual reports. Accordingly, future studies in this area should increase the number of banks and years, and include firms operating in insurance, manufacturing, telecommunication and oil and gas industries to permit comparability of results and broader basis for generalizability. Moreover, the study results provide insights that would serve as robust empirical basis for policy makers to insist on enhancement of the value of human and structural capital variables.Practical implicationsThe managers of DMBs should commit to development of their employees through improvement in their training and health programs, among others. Also, they should ensure continuous improvement of their structural capital to enable the investments in their employee to translate to enhanced corporate financial performance.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to explore the mediation effect of structural capital on the human capital-corporate financial performance link using evidence from DMBs in Nigeria and, thus, extends and deepens extant literature on human capital-organizational performance nexus.
Electrical conductivity: A simple and sensitive method to determine emulsifying capacity of proteins
Authors: Guo Anqi , Xiong Youling L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEmulsifying capacity (EC) of proteins is a benchmark standard widely used to evaluate the quality of protein ingredients in emulsion foods. EC (mL of oil emulsified per g of protein) is usually measured by a sudden drop in electrical resistance (phase transition) with the continuous addition of oil to a specific protein solution. However, little is known about electrochemical mechanisms behind this process because resistance, measured with an ohmmeter, is not sensitive enough to monitor changes in the concentration of protein electrolytes. Here, pea (PPI), myofibrillar (MPI), and whey (WPI) protein isolates were vigorously homogenized with oil at a series of oil/protein ratios to prepare emulsions with different final protein concentrations. The conductivity was closely monitored using a conductivity meter. A linear relationship was discovered between conductivity and the final protein concentrations. At higher oil fractions, the migration of proteins from the aqueous phase to the oil–water interface limited protein mobility, leading to a conductivity drop. EC was calculated from the regression lines; when the starting protein concentration was raised from 0.5% to 2.0%, the EC of PPI, MPI, and WPI decreased from 717, 782, 1339 to 219, 303, and 540 mL oil/g protein, respectively. The dependence of EC on the initial protein concentration and the sensitivity of conductivity to the depleting protein electrolytes suggest that protein concentration is an important factor to consider when determining EC for a given protein or comparing EC among different proteins.Practical ApplicationThe simple and sensitive electrical conductivity test described in this paper allows for the accurate determination of emulsifying capacity of proteins. It may be adopted by the food industry to compare the emulsifying properties of different protein ingredients.
Potential distribution and biosecurity risks from three economically important plant‐parasitic nematodes
Authors: Singh Sunil K. , Kriticos Darren J. , Ota Noboru , Hodda Mike 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe plant‐parasitic nematodes (PPNs), Heterodera zeae, Hirschmanniella oryzae and Meloidogyne graminicola, are economically important pests of major grain crops. Each of these species is still absent from the majority of countries, so there is great concern about their spread. However, the areas particularly at risk of invasion and the potential global distributions of these nematode pests are yet to be identified. This paper identifies these areas, together with the main factors that could facilitate establishment in new areas using CLIMEX models. Parameterised using published studies of species phenology and global species distributions, the models correctly identified the areas invaded recently by M. graminicola and H. zeae. The vast majority of the areas of the world under wheat, rice and maize were identified as suitable for the nematodes. The nematodes are not yet established in many of these areas, suggesting that biosecurity measures may be particularly warranted to prevent the spread of these species to the new suitable areas identified. Intensive cropping systems under irrigation were identified as being at much greater risk than rain‐fed cropping systems. The potential detrimental effects from introduction and local spread of PPNs in irrigation water could undermine suggested potential gains from using irrigation to increase world food production and meet increasing demand. These results mean that biosecurity measures for PPNs are justified.
Effectiveness of offering tailored text message, self‐help smoking cessation support to pregnant women who want information on stopping smoking: MiQuit3 randomised controlled trial and meta‐analysis
Authors: Coleman Tim , Clark Miranda , Welch Charlie , Whitemore Rachel , Leonardi‐Bee Jo , Cooper Sue , Hewitt Catherine , Jones Matthew , Sutton Stephen , Watson Judith , Daykin Karen , Ussher Michael , Parrott Steve , Naughton Felix 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsTo test the efficacy of ‘MiQuit’, a tailored, self‐help, text message stop smoking programme for pregnancy, as an adjunct to usual care (UC) for smoking cessation in pregnancy.DesignMulticentre, open, two‐arm, parallel‐group, superiority randomised controlled trial (RCT) and a trial sequential analysis (TSA) meta‐analysis combining trial findings with two previous ones.SettingTwenty‐four English hospital antenatal clinics.ParticipantsA total of 1002 pregnant women who were ≥16 years old, were ≤25 weeks gestation and smoked ≥1 daily cigarette and accepted information on cessation with no requirement to set quit dates.InterventionsUC or UC plus ‘MiQuit’: 12 weeks of tailored, smoking cessation text messages focussed on inducing and aiding cessation.MeasurementsPrimary outcome: biochemically validated cessation between 4 weeks after randomisation and late pregnancy. Secondary outcomes: shorter and non‐validated abstinence periods, pregnancy outcomes and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios.FindingsRCT: cessation was 5.19% (26/501) and 4.59% (23/501) in MiQuit and UC groups (adjusted odds ratio [adj OR] for quitting with MiQuit versus UC, 95% CI = 1.15 [0.65–2.04]); other abstinence findings were similar, with higher point estimates. Primary outcome ascertainment was 61.7% (309) and 67.3% (337) in MiQuit and UC groups with 71.1% (54/76) and 69.5% (41/59) abstinence validation rates, respectively. Pregnancy outcomes were similar and the incremental cost per quality‐adjusted life year was −£1118 (95% CI = −£4806–£1911). More MiQuit group women reported making at least one quit attempt (adj OR [95% CI]) for making an attempt, 1.50 (1.07–2.09). TSA meta‐analysis: this found no significant difference in prolonged abstinence between MiQuit and UC (pooled OR = 1.49, adjusted 95% CI = 0.62–3.60).ConclusionsIrrespective of whether they want to try quitting, when offered a tailored, self‐help, text message stop smoking programme for pregnancy (MiQuit) as an adjunct to usual care, pregnant women are not more likely to stop smoking until childbirth but they report more attempts at stopping smoking.
Staged laparotomy for acute non‐traumatic intra‐abdominal emergencies in a tertiary South African unit
Authors: Smith Michelle T. D. , Clarke Damian L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionPatients undergoing laparotomy for emergency general surgery (EGS) have poor outcomes. Attempts have been made to improve these outcomes by adopting damage control principles known to benefit polytraumatized patients. Studies describing the use of staged laparotomy (SL) in EGS have been modest in size and heterogenous. The aim of this study was to describe our experience with SL at a tertiary hospital in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa.MethodsThe Hybrid Electronic Medical Registry (HEMR) at Greys Hospital was interrogated for all consecutive admissions undergoing staged EGS laparotomy. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2018, 242 patients (16.5% of all EGS laparotomies) underwent SL for an EGS condition. The median patient age was 38 years old (IQR 27–56 years). Physiological indications were present in 125 patients (51.7%) and non‐physiological indications (NPI) in 117 (48.3%). Haemodynamic instability was the most common physiological indication (51; 21.1%) and gross contamination was the most non‐physiological indication (91; 37.6%). Adverse event and mortality rates were 84.8% and 26.9%, respectively. Independent predictors of mortality were enteric breach (OR3.9; 95% CI (2.1–7.8)), physiological indication (OR 2.1; 95% CI (1.1–3.7)) and anastomosis (OR 2.0; 1.05–3.73). “Clip and drop” did not contribute to mortality (P = 0.43; OR1.34 (0.64–2.7)). Mortality was higher in the group without repeat laparotomy. Mortality rate was not associated with increasing number of relaparotomies.ConclusionPatients undergoing EGS laparotomy form a high‐risk group. “Clip and drop” approach and number of relaparotomies were not associated with mortality. Indications and components of this approach need to be standardized.
Slope threshold for overland flow resistance on sandy soils
Authors: Nicosia Alessio , Guida Gaetano , Di Stefano Costanza , Pampalone Vincenzo , Ferro Vito 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent research on rill flows recognised that an 18% slope can be used to distinguish between ‘gentle’ and ‘steep’ slope cases for the detected differences in hydraulic (flow depth and velocity) and sediment transport variables (flow transport capacity, actual sediment load). The effects of slope on flow velocity, friction factor and transport capacity and their interactions affect process‐based erosion modelling. The main aim of this paper is to investigate, for the first time, how slope affects the overland flow resistance on sandy soils, which are characterised by loose particles readily available to be transported and deposited. Using literature measurements carried out in sandy soils for both gentle and steep slopes, a theoretical overland flow resistance equation, based on the integration of the power velocity distribution, is tested. The relationship between the velocity profile parameter Γ, the channel slope, the Reynolds and Froude number is calibrated using measurements characterized by a wide range of hydraulic conditions and distinguishing between gentle (5.2%–13.2%) and steep (17.4%–42.3%) slope conditions. The analysis demonstrated that: (1) the parameter Γ can be accurately estimated by Equation (15) in which the exponents are independent of slope condition; (2) the coefficient a of Equation (15) is equal to 0.8750 and 0.8984 for the gentle and steep slope condition, respectively; (3) the estimations of the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor f (Equation 19) are accurate and characterised by errors less than or equal to ±5% for 97.2% of cases; and (4) in the range of steep slopes, the flow resistance law calibrated for the gentle slope condition (Equation (19) with a = 0.8750) systematically overestimates the f value. In conclusion, this study allowed the recognition, for an unlimited soil detachment condition and an overland flow, of how the energy dissipation processes and the estimate of the friction factor are affected by slope.Highlights
A theoretical overland flow resistance law is tested by data obtained on sandy soils.
Differences between gentle and steep slope conditions are investigated.
The Darcy–Weisbach friction factor estimate by the flow resistance law is accurate.
The law calibrated for gentle slopes overestimates f in the range of steep slopes.
Establishing diagnostic criteria for mastocytosis in skin biopsies
Authors: Drabent Philippe , Polivka Laura , Agopian Julie , Duong Van Huyen Jean‐Paul , Thiebaut Pierre‐Alain , Dubreuil Patrice , Hermine Olivier , Molina Thierry Jo , Fraitag Sylvie 
Published: October 2021

AimsThe diagnosis of mastocytosis in skin biopsies can be challenging ‐ particularly in cases with very few mast cells. More diagnostic criteria are needed.Methods and resultsWe analyzed 103 skin biopsies from patients with mastocytosis and compared them with biopsies from inflammatory skin lesions and normal skin. Using CD117 immunostaining, we determined the mast cell distribution pattern, the percentage of mast cells in the inflammatory infiltrate, and the mast cell count per mm². We found that a sheet‐like or subepidermal distribution of mast cells was specific for mastocytosis. The most significant feature was the percentage of mast cells and not the mast cell count. We found that a mast cell percentage above 40% was fully specific in both adults and children but lacked sensitivity, especially in adults. In children, all cases with a percentage below 40% harbored a number of mast cells above 90 per mm², allowing a straightforward diagnosis. In adults, the diagnosis was more challenging and cases with less than 40% of mast cells could be diagnosed on account of a number of mast cells above 40 per mm², with 88.5% sensitivity and 95.2% specificity. Additional signs might be useful in difficult cases. However, CD25 immunostaining was not useful.ConclusionsWe confirmed that the criteria currently applied in the bone marrow were not appropriate for the skin. Accordingly, we developed an algorithm for the diagnosis of mastocytosis in skin biopsies with a high level of interrater reproducibility (mean kappa 0.8).
The dangers of human papillomavirus (HPV) laser plume and best safety practices
Authors: Stetkevich Samuel A. , Burkhart Craig G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) remains to be one of the most common viruses that afflicts the skin and mucosa. Direct contact with cutaneous lesions facilitates a majority of viral transmission. However, the development of laser therapy as treatment for HPV brought to attention the concern of infectious laser plume and the risk it poses to those inhaling it. We conducted a literature review using English articles in PubMed to validate this risk and propose the best safety practices dermatologists can apply when using laser therapy as treatment for HPV. Our investigation identified smoke evacuators as primary modes of mitigation, and we suggest further studies will aid in the refinement of best practice recommendations.
Diffusing Innovation and Motivating Change: Adopting a Student‐Led and Whole‐School Approach to Mental Health Promotion
Authors: Wong Anna , Szeto Samantha , Lung Daniel W. M. , Yip Paul S. F. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDResearch suggests that a whole‐school approach to mental health promotion can be more effective than a compartmentalized approach. In particular, student‐led initiatives have demonstrated a positive impact on students' mental health, though not without systemic and individual barriers. Factors that lead to successful implementation and sustaining of student‐led initiatives are currently not well understood.METHODSA case study is presented to demonstrate how a student‐led intervention came about, inspired changes in the school organization and members, and transformed the school's approach to mental health promotion. Analysis of in‐depth interviews with student leaders and adult advisors was informed by theories of innovation diffusion and human motivation.RESULTSKey factors and mechanisms of change were identified for the initiation, transformation, and institutionalization stages of the student‐led initiative. Changes in students' identity and adult advisors' mindset were found to be integral to the successful conversion to a whole‐school approach in mental health promotion.CONCLUSIONSThis study confirms the value of mobilizing the student body as an active resource in promoting mental health in school and the importance of input from school management, advisors, and intervention expert. Recommendations on how to implement a student‐led initiative and sustain the positive changes are given.
Turbulent Heat Transfer Characteristics of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for a Vertically Upward Flow in a Pipe Using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: K S Rajendra Prasad , V Krishna , Bharadwaj M Sachin , Ponangi Babu Rao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Modeling of turbulence heat transfer for supercritical fluids, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, is always challenging due to the drastic property variations near the critical point. The use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) along with numerical methods has shown promising results in predicting heat transfer coefficients of heat exchangers. In this study, the accuracy of four different turbulent models available in the commercial CFD software—ansysfluent is investigated against the available experimental results. The k–ε Re-normalization group (RNG) model, with enhanced wall treatment, is found to be the best-suited turbulence model. Further, K–ε RNG turbulence model is used in CFD for parametric analysis to generate the data for ANN studies. A total of 1,34,698 data samples was generated and fed into the ANN program to develop an equation that can predict the heat transfer coefficient. It was found that, for the considered range of values, the absolute average relative deviation is 3.49%.
Review: Change-of-Phase in an Extended Meniscus 2020 Max Jakob Memorial Award Paper
Authors: Wayner Peter C. , Plawsky Joel L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The extended meniscus and the intermolecular and capillary forces that govern its behavior and connection to change-of-phase heat transfer have been the subject of an increasing body of research over the past 50 years. We have been fortunate to be at the forefront of this effort starting from the development of a capillary feeder, in Earth's gravity, to stabilize film boiling to running a series of transparent heat pipe experiments aboard the International space station hoping to better understand the role of intermolecular forces in microgravity. The use of ellipsometry and interferometry to highlight the location and state of the vapor–liquid interface have been key to these studies and have helped to uncover many new, interesting, and sometimes unexpected phenomena associated with fluid flow and change-of-phase heat transfer.
From the Lesson Tee to the Course: A Naturalistic Investigation of Attentional Focus in Elite Golf
Authors: Orr Steven , Cruickshank Andrew , Carson Howie J. 
Published: October 2021

While debate continues on “optimal” attentional focus, little empirical knowledge exists on the way that attention is operationalized across training and performance in elite golf. Accordingly, this study aimed to (a) explore the attentional foci promoted or used by coaches and players for different types of shots in training, plus their underpinning rationale and (b) explore the attentional foci promoted or used by coaches and players in competition, plus their underpinning rationale. Our findings revealed that (a) various foci were used across training and competition; (b) all players used different combinations of foci across training and competition, and within different aspects of training itself (e.g., short vs. long game); and (c) players often used alternative or additional foci in training to those promoted by coaches, and self-generated foci for competition. These results highlight the complexity and practical reality that needs to underpin future advances in theory, research, and practice.
Giant polarization in super-tetragonal thin films through interphase strain
Authors: Zhang Linxing , Chen Jun , Fan Longlong , Diéguez Oswaldo , Cao Jiangli , Pan Zhao , Wang Yilin , Wang Jinguo , Kim Moon , Deng Shiqing , Wang Jiaou , Wang Huanhua , Deng Jinxia , Yu Ranbo , Scott James F. , Xing Xianran 
Published: October 2021

An epitaxial route to strainStrain can have a dramatic effect on the properties of materials. Zhanget al.introduced a large strain in the material PbTiO3by growing it epitaxially in a composite with PbO. On the boundaries between the two materials, their normally different lattice constants were matched, giving rise to the strain. As a consequence, the films exhibited a very large electric polarization even in the absence of an electric field. The method may be applicable to generating other functional materials.Scence, this issue p.494