bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of a Magnetic Bulk Thermostat for Granular Gas Investigations in Microgravity
Authors: Adachi Masato , Balter Michael , Cheng Xiang , Drescher Jörg , Li Xiaotian , Sperl Matthias , Zhao Shaofan , Yu Peidong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA magnetic thermostat employing soft-ferromagnetic particles and a varying magnetic field has been developed to investigate a homogeneous granular gas system in microgravity. While the thermostat’s mechanism of creating homogeneous distribution of the particles was shown earlier, its characteristics have not been understood well due to limited access to a microgravity environment. Therefore, a parametric study by numerical simulation based on the discrete element method is carried out in this paper to evaluate effects of tunable parameters in the thermostat. The result shows the capability of the system and provides a wide range of options and improvements for future experiments. Moreover, it predicts that the thermostat allows variation of homogeneity and excitation level of the granular gas just by changing the magnetic parameters without using any mechanical means. In addition, the suggested improvement is experimentally implemented and evaluated in a drop tower test.
Spatial and seasonal assessment of physico-chemical characteristics of soil in Wadi El-Rayan lakes using GIS technique
Authors: Eid Asmaa Nasser Mohamed , Olatubara C. O. , Ewemoje T. A. , El-Hennawy Mohamed Talaat , Farouk Haitham 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWadi El-Rayan wetland is an inland Egyptian Ramsar site of international importance, due to its rich biodiversity. The wetland constitutes two man-made lakes. The lakes size, particularly the Lower Lake, is in continuous reduction, and the vegetation productivity pattern is changing as result of deteriorating water and soil quality, domestic and industrial activities. This research was carried out to map the spatial and seasonal distribution of certain physico-chemical parameters of geo-referenced soil samples covering the two lakes parts using ordinary kriging GIS technique. The study utilized ArcGIS ver.10.7 software, and 76 soil samples collected from representative sites; 38 samples during winter and 38 samples during summer seasons. Soil data were analyzed statistically and geo-statistically based on best fitted semivariogram model. The results indicated high concentrations of some soil physical and chemical parameters, especially in summer and in the Lower Lake of Wadi El-Rayan. The summary statistics for soil parameters had shown that the median of some soil parameters is higher than the mean which indicated the presence of abnormal data. This finding has been approved through the spatial distribution mapping which clearly showed the differences in spatial and temporal distribution between the upper and lower lakes of Wadi El-Rayan. The study concluded that the generated spatial distribution maps using ordinary kriging method can be used as an effective tool in Wadi El-Rayan wetlands’ soil management.
Isosymmetric compression of cubic halide perovskites $$\mathrm{ABX}_{3}$$ ($$A=K, Rb, Cs$$; $$B=Ge, Sn, Pb$$ and $$X=Cl,Br,I$$)-influence of cation–anion exchange: a first principle study
Authors: Lamichhane Aneer , Ravindra N. M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHalide perovskites are potential candidates for their use in solar cells. In this study, an investigation of the structural, mechanical and electro-optical properties of $$\mathrm{ABX}_{3}$$

ABX
3

($$A=K, Rb, Cs$$

A
=
K
,
R
b
,
C
s

; $$B=Ge, Sn, Pb$$

B
=
G
e
,
S
n
,
P
b

and $$X=Cl,Br,I$$

X
=
C
l
,
B
r
,
I

), under isosymmetric compression, is presented. All the calculations are performed with generalized gradient approximation schemes. We have examined the effect of cation and anion substitution on their overall properties.
Dynamic economic dispatch of wind-storage combined system based on conditional value-at-risk
Authors: Zheng Yi , Bai Xiaoqing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWind power's uncertainty is from the intermittency and fluctuation of wind speed, which brings a great challenge to solving the power system's dynamic economic dispatch problem. With the wind-storage combined system, this paper proposes a dynamic economic dispatch model considering AC optimal power flow based on Conditional Value-at-Risk ($$CVaR$$

CVaR

). Since the proposed model is hard to solve, we use the big-M method and second-order cone description technique to transform it into a trackable mixed-integer second-order conic programming (MISOCP) model. By comparing the dispatching cost of the IEEE 30-bus system and the IEEE 118-bus system at different confidence levels, it is indicated that $$CVaR$$

CVaR

method can adequately estimate dispatching risk and assist decision-makers in making reasonable dispatching schedules according to their risk tolerance. Meanwhile, the optimal operational energy storage capacity and initial/final energy storage state can be determined by analyzing the dispatching cost risk under different storage capacities and initial/final states.
The Circular Model of Victimization and Teamwork Within the Italian Anti-Violence Centers: A General Survey
Authors: Monzani Marco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA correct understanding of the dynamics and mechanisms that make it possible for a woman to become a victim of intra-family violence allows the necessary measures to be taken so that she can escape from the situation of victimization. Emilio C. Viano, President of the International Society of Criminology, defines the victim of an abuse as “any subject injured or that has suffered wrongdoing on the part of others, who perceives herself to be a victim, who shares the experience with others looking for help, assistance and compensation, who is recognized as a victim and who presumably is being helped by public, private or collective agencies/structures”. Before the birth of Anti-Violence Centers it was believed that the awareness of being a victim was the necessary condition for a woman to ask for help. Experience has shown that, in reality, it is the request for help that allows her to begin a process of awareness together with the operators in the Anti-Violence Centers. This reflection has led to the creation of a theoretical model called “The Circular Model of Victimization”. The aim of the research, and which is presented here, was to verify whether the Italian Anti-Violence Centers recognize the Circular Model in the daily operational reality, and thus to ascertain whether this model can be considered a real empirical model, as well as a theoretical explanatory model. In conclusion, the revisited Circular Model of Victimization will be presented, in which it is assumed that the way out of the circuit of violence passes from a first moment of perception of victimization to arrive at a real awareness of the same.
Delirium occurrence in older Irish adults admitted to an acute medical hospital: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Dolan C. , Mohd Zubir M. , Melvin V. , McCarthy G. , Meagher D. , Adamis D. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesDelirium, which is associated with adverse health outcomes, is poorly detected in hospital settings. This study aimed to determine delirium occurrence among older medical inpatients and to capture associated risk factors.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was performed at an Irish University Hospital. Medical inpatients 70 years and over were included. Baseline assessments within 72 hours of admission included delirium status and severity as determined by the Revised Delirium Rating Scale (DRS-R-98), cognition, physical illness severity and physical functioning. Pre-existing cognitive impairment was determined with Short Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline (IQCODE). Serial assessment of delirium status, cognition and the physical illness severity were undertaken every 3 (±1) days during participants’ hospital admission.ResultsOf 198 study participants, 92 (46.5%) were women and mean age was 80.6 years (s.d. 6.81; range 70–97). Using DRS-R-98, 17.7% (n = 35) had delirium on admission and 11.6% (n = 23) had new-onset delirium during admission. In regression analysis, older age, impaired cognition and lower functional ability at admission were associated with a significant likelihood of delirium.ConclusionsIn this study, almost one-third of older medical inpatients in an acute hospital had delirium during admission. Findings that increasing age, impaired cognition and lower functional ability at admission were associated with increased delirium risk suggest target groups for enhanced delirium detection and prevention strategies. This may improve clinical outcomes.
Are voters too afraid to tackle corruption? Survey and experimental evidence from Mexico
Authors: García-Ponce Omar , Zeitzoff Thomas , Wantchekon Leonard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAre individuals in violent contexts reluctant to tackle corruption for fear of future violence? Or does violence mobilize them to fight corruption? We investigate these questions looking at the effects of fear and violence stemming from the Mexican Drug War on attitudes toward corruption. We conducted two surveys before the 2012 Mexican presidential election. First, as part of a nationally representative survey, we find a positive correlation between fear of violence and willingness to accept corruption in exchange for lower levels of violence. To disentangle causal effects, we conducted a follow-up survey experiment in Greater Mexico City where we manipulated fear over the Drug War. We find that individuals within this context are not easily scared. Those who received a common fear-inducing manipulation do not report higher levels of fear and are less willing to tolerate corruption. Conversely, we find strong evidence that individuals who have been victims of crime are more likely to report both higher levels of fear and willingness to accept corruption if it lowers violence. Our findings suggest that voters are more strategic and resilient in the face of violence than many extant theories of political behavior suggest.
A VARIANT OF CAUCHY’S ARGUMENT PRINCIPLE FOR ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS WHICH APPLIES TO CURVES CONTAINING ZEROS
Authors: BOUDABRA MAHER , MARKOWSKY GREG 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe standard version of Cauchy’s argument principle, applied to a holomorphic function f, requires that f has no zeros on the curve of integration. In this note, we give a generalisation of such a principle which covers the case when f has zeros on the curve, as well as an application.
Theology as social activity: theological action research and teaching the knowledge of Christian ethics and practical ministry
Authors: Rhodes Daniel P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTheological Action Research (TAR) is a way of doing and teaching theology and forming students that surmounts the problems associated with both formal theologies and theological ethnographies. Drawing from models of action research developed in other fields, this paper outlines an approach to teaching practical ministry grounded in a collaborative mode of inquiry capable of generating new insights into humanity's relation to God while also engendering the ethical-political powers that give shape to collective life. As a process of what anthropologist Lia Haro calls eth-o-graphy, Christian formation and knowledge production cannot be disconnected from cooperative participation in communities of practice dedicated to this kind of social, ecclesial activity. The paper goes on to describe how the author has begun to implement this TAR model at a Catholic, Jesuit institution, offering some promising preliminary findings on the potential it holds for training ministry students.
An unusual case of tetralogy of Fallot with an absent pulmonary valve associated with a retro-aortic innominate vein in a patient with a 16p12.2 microdeletion
Authors: Linnane Niall , Green Andrew , McMahon Colin J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract16p12.2 microdeletion has been associated with congenital heart defects and developmental delay. In this case, we describe the rare association between tetralogy of Fallot with an absent pulmonary valve a right-sided aortic arch and a retro-aortic innominate vein associated with a 16p12.2 microdeletion and epilepsy.
The neurobiology of bremelanotide for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women
Authors: Pfaus James G. , Sadiq Amama , Spana Carl , Clayton Anita H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is a common female sexual dysfunction and is estimated to affect approximately 10% of women in the United States. It has been suggested that HSDD is associated with an imbalance of hormone and neurotransmitter levels in the brain, resulting in decreased excitation, increased inhibition, or a combination of both. Evidence suggests neurotransmitters, including dopamine (DA), norepinephrine, and serotonin, as well as hormones such as estradiol and testosterone, contribute to female sexual desire and response. Current treatments for HSDD include psychotherapy, and two US Food and Drug Administration-approved medications for premenopausal women: flibanserin, a serotonin mixed agonist and antagonist, and bremelanotide, a melanocortin receptor (MCR) agonist. Melanocortins are endogenous neuropeptides associated with the excitatory pathway of the female sexual response system. MCRs are found throughout the body, including the brain. Bremelanotide is an MCR agonist that nonselectively activates several of the receptor subtypes, of which subtype 4 (MC4R) is the most relevant at therapeutic doses. MC4R is predominantly expressed in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) of the hypothalamus in the brain, and is important for female sexual function. Animal studies suggest that bremelanotide may affect female sexual desire by activating presynaptic MC4Rs on neurons in the mPOA of the hypothalamus, leading to increased release of DA, an excitatory neurotransmitter that increases sexual desire. This review presents what is known about the mechanism of action of bremelanotide in the context of treating HSDD.
An investigation into the factor structure of the Cognitive Therapy Scale – Revised (CTS-R) in a CBT training sample
Authors: Beale Sarah , Vitoratou Silia , Liness Sheena 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background:
Effective monitoring of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) competence depends on psychometrically robust assessment methods. While the UK Cognitive Therapy Scale – Revised (CTS-R; Blackburn et al., 2001) has become a widely used competence measure in CBT training, practice and research, its underlying factor structure has never been investigated.

Aims:
This study aimed to present the first investigation into the factor structure of the CTS-R based on a large sample of postgraduate CBT trainee recordings.

Method:
Trainees (n = 382) provided 746 mid-treatment audio recordings for depression (n = 373) and anxiety (n = 373) cases scored on the CTS-R by expert markers. Tapes were split into two equal samples counterbalanced by diagnosis and with one tape per trainee. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted. The suggested factor structure and a widely used theoretical two-factor model were tested with confirmatory factor analysis. Measurement invariance was assessed by diagnostic group (depression versus anxiety).

Results:
Exploratory factor analysis suggested a single-factor solution (98.68% explained variance), which was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. All 12 CTS-R items were found to contribute to this single factor. The univariate model demonstrated full metric invariance and partial scalar invariance by diagnosis, with one item (item 10 – Conceptual Integration) demonstrating scalar non-invariance.

Conclusions:
Findings indicate that the CTS-R is a robust homogenous measure and do not support division into the widely used theoretical generic versus CBT-specific competency subscales. Investigation into the CTS-R factor structure in other populations is warranted.
Explaining health system responses to public reporting of cardiac surgery mortality in England and the USA
Authors: Exworthy Mark , Gabe Jon , Rees Jones Ian , Smith Glenn 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPublic reporting of clinical performance is increasingly used in many countries to improve quality and enhance accountability of the health system. The assumption is that greater transparency will stimulate improvements by clinicians in response to peer pressure, patient choice or competition. The international diffusion of public reporting might suggest greater similarity between health systems. Alternatively, national and local contexts (including health system imperatives, professional power and organisational culture) might continue to shape its form and impact, implying continued divergence. The paper considers public reporting in the USA and England through the lens of Scott's ‘pillars’ institutional framework. The USA was arguably the first country to adopt public reporting systematically in the late 1980s. England is a more recent adopter; it is now being widely adopted through the National Health Service (NHS). Drawing on qualitative data from California and England, this paper compares the behavioural and policy responses to public reporting by health system stakeholders at micro, meso and macro levels and through the intersection of ideas, interests, institutions and individuals through. The interplay between the regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive pillars helps explain the observed patterns of on-going divergence.
Observations from a small country: mental health policy, services and nursing in Wales
Authors: Hannigan Ben 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWales is a small country, with an ageing population, high levels of population health need and an economy with a significant reliance on public services. Its health system attracts little attention, with analyses tending to underplay the differences between the four countries of the UK. This paper helps redress this via a case study of Welsh mental health policy, services and nursing practice. Distinctively, successive devolved governments in Wales have emphasised public planning and provision. Wales also has primary legislation addressing sustainability and future generations, safe nurse staffing and rights of access to mental health services. However, in a context in which gaps always exist between national policy, local services and face-to-face care, evidence points to the existence of tension between Welsh policy aspirations and realities. Mental health nurses in Wales have produced a framework for action, which describes practice exemplars and looks forward to a secure future for the profession. With policy, however enlightened, lacking the singular potency to bring about intended change, nurses as the largest of the professional groups involved in mental health care have opportunities to make a difference in Wales through leadership, influence and collective action.
A Synoptic‐Scale Wavelike Structure in the Nighttime Equatorial Ionization Anomaly
Authors: Rodríguez‐Zuluaga J. , Stolle C. , Yamazaki Y. , Xiong C. , England S. L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBoth ground‐ and satellite‐based airglow imaging have significantly contributed to understanding the low‐latitude ionosphere, especially the morphology and dynamics of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). The NASA Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission focuses on far‐ultraviolet airglow images from a geostationary orbit at 47.5°W. This region is of particular interest at low magnetic latitudes because of the high magnetic declination (i.e., about ‐20°) and proximity of the South Atlantic magnetic anomaly. In this study, we characterize an exciting feature of the nighttime EIA using GOLD observations from October 5, 2018 to June 30, 2020. It consists of a wavelike structure of a few thousand kilometers seen as poleward and equatorward displacements of the EIA‐crests. Initial analyses show that the synoptic‐scale structure is symmetric about the dip equator and appears nearly stationary with time over the night. In quasi‐dipole coordinates, maxima poleward displacements of the EIA‐crests are seen at about ± 12° latitude and around 20 and 60° longitude (i.e., in geographic longitude at the dip equator, about 53°W and 14°W). The wavelike structure presents typical zonal wavelengths of about 6.7 × 103 km and 3.3 × 103 km. The structure's occurrence and wavelength are highly variable on a day‐to‐day basis with no apparent dependence on geomagnetic activity. In addition, a cluster or quasi‐periodic wave train of equatorial plasma depletions (EPDs) is often detected within the synoptic‐scale structure. We further outline the difference in observing these EPDs from FUV images and in situ measurements during a GOLD and Swarm mission conjunction.
Reproducibility of Coral Mn/Ca‐Based Wind Reconstructions at Kiritimati Island and Butaritari Atoll
Authors: Sayani Hussein R. , Thompson Diane M. , Carilli Jessica E. , Marchitto Thomas M. , Chapman Alice U. , Cobb Kim M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlobal surface temperatures during the twentieth century are characterized by multidecadal periods of accelerated or reduced warming, which are thought to be driven by Pacific decadal variability, specifically changes in trade‐wind strength. However, the relationship between trade‐wind strength and global surface warming remains poorly constrained due to the scarcity of instrumental wind observations. Previous work has shown that corals growing at Tarawa Atoll (1.3°N, 173°E) incorporate dissolved Mn flushed from lagoon sediments by El Niño‐related westerly wind events (WWEs), providing records of both westerly wind variability and trade‐wind strength (on decadal time scales). Here, we explore the utility of this novel coral Mn/Ca‐wind proxy at two nearby islands that also feature west‐facing lagoons. Short coral Mn/Ca records from Butaritari (3°N, 173°E) and Kiritimati (2°N, 157.5°W) track WWEs, albeit with some intercolony variability in the magnitude and timing of the signal. Variability in coral Mn/Ca signal intensity among records from Butaritari suggests that wind‐driven mixing of the sediment Mn reservoir may be finite and/or localized. At Kiritimati, a coral growing outside the lagoon shows higher Mn/Ca concentrations during the 1997/1998 El Niño event, suggesting that nearshore sediments may be an overlooked dissolved Mn reservoir. Taken together, these results highlight a need for additional studies of Mn reservoir variability within and across atolls that hold promise for recording WWEs. These results also suggest that Mn/Ca records from multiple coral colonies and sites are needed to generate robust coral‐based wind reconstructions, particularly from sites with unknown or complex Mn transport pathways.