bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Derivation of an empirical relation between the size of the nanoparticle and the potency of homeopathic medicines
Authors: Kar Subrat , Bandyopadhyay Poonam , Chakraborty Sweta , Chakrabarty Monalisa , Paul Biplab kumar , Ghosh Sarbari , Basu Ruma , Das Sukhen , Bhar Durga Sankar , Manchanda Raj Kumar , Khurana Anil , Nayak Debadatta , Nandy Papiya S 
Published: August 2021

Homeopathic medicines are often prescribed at very high dilutions and it is a clinically observed fact that the medicinal effect of the drug remains even at these high dilutions. The increase in potency of a medicine due to potentization is still debatable from physico-chemical point of view. Out of various hypotheses to explain this phenomenon, a recent hypothesis, advanced by us and supported by others, is that the size of the constituent particles decreases and eventually achieves nano dimension due to potentization.
From the experiments performed by our group, the size of nanoparticles (NPs) of Cuprum metallicum, Zincum oxydatum, Aurum metallicum, Ferrum metallicum and Aconitum napellus (6cH, 30cH and 200cH) have been estimated. A general mathematical expression of the form y = a x-n has been derived which relates the size of NPs (y) with the corresponding potencies (x).
There is no method to calculate the accurate potency of the homeopathic medicine, as the potency of a medicine depends to some extent on the method of preparation, for which a standardized procedure is warranted. Also, while handling a medicine, the solvent might evaporate causing a change in the potency. Thus by measuring the size of the NPs and using our proposed standard curve, the potency may be estimated.
Resident Case Tracker
Authors: Smith Nathaniel E. 
Published: August 2021

Context.—
Acquiring objective, timely, and comprehensive feedback on resident diagnostic performance is notoriously difficult.

Objective.—
To implement a custom software application (Resident Case Tracker) to improve evaluative diagnostic analysis for residency programs.

Design.—
Residents and faculty use a graphical user interface with restricted access to their own cases and evaluations. For each sign-out, residents enter their diagnoses and comments for each case. Faculty are provided a sign-out queue to review the resident diagnosis and select their level of agreement alongside optional comments. After sign-out, residents can review the agreement level and comments for each case, overall sign-out statistics, and organ-specific performance, and they have the option of opening and reviewing groups of cases by agreement status. A sign-out evaluation is automatically generated and stored alongside additional reports. Administrative access allows privileged users to readily review data analytics at both an individual and residency-wide global level.

Results.—
A marked increase in completed evaluations and feedback was noted in the initial 36 months of implementation. During a 3-year academic period, faculty completed individual feedback on 33 685 cases and 1073 overall sign-out evaluations.

Conclusions.—
Resident Case Tracker is an invaluable tool for our residency program and has provided unparalleled feedback and data analytics. Throughout residency, trainees have access to each completed sign-out, with the ability to learn from discrepant cases while also monitoring improvements in diagnostic acumen over time. Faculty are able to assess resident milestones much more effectively while more readily identifying residents who would benefit from targeted study.
« De la langue » chez Lafitau
Authors: Galmiche-Essue Julia 
Published: August 2021

Si Moeurs des sauvages amériquains, comparées aux moeurs des premiers temps (1724) a fait l’objet de nombreuses études, le dernier chapitre, intitulé « De la langue », a été laissé de côté par la plupart des commentateurs de Lafitau, car jugé décevant. Si, à première vue, l’auteur s’interroge sur le rapport entre langue et histoire, il s’agit, selon nous, d’un prétexte lui permettant de développer le lien entre religion et origines, la langue jouant le rôle d’instrument de comparaison. Si cette approche semble déboucher sur un certain relativisme en diachronie, elle conduit en réalité au renforcement des dichotomies auquel le jésuite tente d’échapper.
Proximate and Mineral Composition, Phytochemical Analysis, and Antioxidant Activity of Fig Trees (Ficus spp.) Leaf Powder
Authors: Osowe C. O. , Olowu O. P. A. , Adu O. A. , Oloruntola O. D. , Chineke C. A. 
Published: August 2021

Aim: This study aims to analyse and characterise the leaf powder of Ficus carica, Ficus exasperata, and Ficus thonningii.
Methodology: Ficus carica, Ficus exasperata, and Ficus thonningii leaf powder were analysed quantitatively for proximate, phytochemicals, minerals, and antioxidant activity.
Results: The ash, crude protein, and nitrogen free extract concentration were significantly (P<0.05) higher in Ficus carica leaf powder than the rest Ficus species under study. However, the crude fiber and crude fat concentrations were higher (P<0.05) in Ficus thonningii and Ficus exasperata leaf powder, respectively. The concentration of tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and saponins was higher (P<0.05) in Ficus exasperata than other Ficus species under study. However, the concentration of the alkaloids was higher (P<0.05) in Ficus carica leaf powder than Ficus exasperata and Ficus thonningii leaf powder. The Zn and P were higher (P<0.05) in Ficus carica than the rest F. species under study. The Fe contents of F. carica and F. exasperata leaf powders were higher (P<0.05) than F. thonningii leaf powder. The Ca contents of F. carica leaf powder and F. thonningii leaf powder were higher (P>0.05) than F. exasperata leaf powder. The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate value was higher (P<0.05) in Fiscus exasperata leaf powder than F. carica and F. thonningii. However, the value of vitamin c was higher (P<0.05) in Ficus carica, compared to the rest F. species.
Conclusion: This study reveals that the leaf powder of F. carica, F. exasperata, and F. thonningii contains a significant number of minerals and phytochemicals with high antioxidant activity and could be employed as a natural feed supplement in animal nutrition.
Eating Habits of Elderly in Aceh-Indonesia and the Associated Demographic Factors
Authors: Anwar Sufyan , Duana Maiza , Marniati . 
Published: August 2021

Aims: The study aims to prove the correlation between demographic factors and the eating habits of the elderly in Aceh, Indonesia.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Aceh Barat district, Aceh province-Indonesia between June and October 2019.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out by involving the elderly (age of 60 years or above) in 483 participants. Bivariate analysis was conducted through a chi-square test using SPSS version 21 to answer the research hypothesis.
Results: Four hundred and eighty three (483) elderly people with mean age of 69.76 years were enrolled, of these, 68.9% were women and 58.2% were unemployed. Fifty-nine percent of respondents live in rural areas and 64.39% had good eating habits. Finding unveiled that age had a significant correlation with eating habits (P=0,05), gender did not correlate with eating habits (P>0,05). Occupation correlated with eating habits (P=0.05), and area of residence correlated with eating habits (P=0,05)..
Conclusion: The study concluded that younger age (60-69 years old), employed, and living in urban areas positively contribute to establishing healthy eating habits in the elderly in Aceh. Furthermore, it is necessary to conduct intervention studies in the occupation variable as a modifiable variable.
Abdominal Tuberculosis – A Resemblance to Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Authors: Wismayer Richard 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Tuberculosis remains a global public health concern. Abdominal tuberculosis is an atypical presentation and since it is extrapulmonary it may delay the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. The case report describes a typical presentation of abdominal tuberculosis and highlights the difficulties which are encountered in the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis.
Presentation of case: A 56 year old gentleman admitted to hospital with a 1 week history of generalised abdominal pain associated with abdominal distention and vomiting. The chest-X-ray was unremarkable and the abdominal X-ray revealed air-fluid levels. Laboratory investigations revealed a high white cell count at 14,000µl. At laparotomy, multiple small whitish deposits in the greater omentum and on the bowel with a frozen abdomen was found. Biopsy of these whitish deposits showed histology of giant Langhans multinucleated cells with acid-fast bacilli and necrosis and a granulomatous inflammatory process. Anti-tuberculosis treatment was initiated using a combination of antibiotics and he made an uneventful recovery.
Discussion: The clinical abdominal TB presentations include acute, subacute or chronic disease. The chest-X-ray of our patient showed no evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis however this is not surprising as less than half of patients with abdominal TB have pulmonary tuberculosis. Ultrasound findings in abdominal TB include thickening of the wall of the ileum, caecum and colon and associated ascites. When malignancy cannot be ruled out with certainty then laparotomy is recommended with biopsy of any peritoneal lesions, omental lesions and a lymph node biopsy.
Conclusions: Judicious use of diagnostic procedures and a high index of suspicion may help in the timely diagnosis and treatment of abdominal tuberculosis. Biopsy of peritoneal/omental lesions and of a mesneteric lymph node is advisable to distinguish abdominal tuberculosis from peritoneal carcinomatosis.
Effects of Solvents and Extraction Methods on Naringenin, LC-MS Based Quantitative Studies and Major Metabolite of Cochlospermum gossypium
Authors: Rajendra Y. , Sunitha K. 
Published: August 2021

Aim: The present study was aimed to investigate “Effects of Solvents and Extraction Methods on Naringenin, LC-MS Based Quantitative Studies and major Metabolite of Cochlospermum Gossypium”.
Study Design: LC-MS based Quantification Studies.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh between April 2019 and July 2020.
Methodology: Rapid and Quantitative efficient extraction methods were used by using soxhlet and Ultrasound mediated extraction techniques for a range of polar solvents and Isolation of Naringenin by gradient elution technique, In the present study Naringenin was isolated in abundance (1%) by repetitive chromatographic purifications of the ethyl acetate extract of the bark part of C.gossypium. In view of high therapeutic potential, detailed HPLC based quantitative studies was carried out on C. gossypium bark, which contains significant levels of Naringenin.
Results: The chromatographic separation was performed on the stationary phase, based on different retention mechanisms due to hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions between compounds and stationary phase. In total, 24 different polar extracts were generated by soxhlet and ultrasound extraction methods from the two bark samples which were collected from Jaipur town (Telangana state) and Trichur town (Kerala state).
Conclusion: The highest Naringenin content (0.59%) was found in the methanol + chloroform (1:1) extract (E8) generated by direct Soxhlet extraction of C.gossypium bark collected from Jaipur (Telangana state).Naringenin was isolated from a non-citrus plant for first time from Cochlospermum gosspyium and more significantly it is isolated in large quantity. It was obtained in 99.9% purity as shown by LCMS.
Injectable Hydrogel with NIR Light‐Responsive, Dual‐Mode PTH Release for Osteoregeneration in Osteoporosis
Authors: Kuang Lijun , Huang Jinghuan , Liu Yutong , Li Xiaolin , Yuan Yuan , Liu Changsheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEffective treatments to overcome osteoblast/osteoclast imbalance are the key to achieving desirable bone regeneration for osteoporosis patients. When used for local bone repair, parathyroid hormone (PTH) often leads to either excessive osteoclasts under continuous exposure or insufficient osteoclasts with pulsatile release of PTH. Herein, an injectable multifunctional in situ‐generated calcium phosphate nanoparticle (ICPN)‐coordinated poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (DHCP) hydrogel loaded with PTH for near‐infrared (NIR)‐stimulated release is developed to achieve bone regeneration in an ovariectomized (OVX) model. Photothermal‐responsive poly(N‐acryloyl glycinamide‐co‐acrylamide) PNAm‐indocyanine green ICG‐PTH microspheres (PIP MSs) endow a dual‐mode release system with a sustained release at low concentrations, a pulse release of PTH, and in situ pore formation properties. The PIP MS‐encapsulated DHCP hydrogel (DHCP‐10PIP/d) is injected into the bone defects of OVX rats. Under NIR irradiation, the localized photothermal effects trigger on‐demand PTH release and in situ micropores formation through the gel–sol transition of PIP MSs, and the repeated treatment is harmless to the bioactivity of PTH. This platform can enhance osteoblast and osteoclast activity at the same time both in vitro and in vivo and repair the cranial defects of OVX rats successfully. Overall, this work provides a promising strategy for PTH delivery to repair osteoporotic bone defects.
Advanced Atomically Dispersed Metal–Nitrogen–Carbon Catalysts Toward Cathodic Oxygen Reduction in PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Deng Yijie , Luo Junming , Chi Bin , Tang Haibo , Li Jing , Qiao Xiaochang , Shen Yijun , Yang Yingjie , Jia Chunman , Rao Peng , Liao Shijun , Tian Xinlong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are a highly efficient hydrogen energy conversion technology, which shows great potential in mitigating carbon emissions and the energy crisis. Currently, to accelerate the kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) required for PEMFCs, extensive utilization of expensive and rare platinum‐based catalysts are required at the cathodic side, impeding their large‐scale commercialization. In response to this issue, atomically dispersed metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–N–C) catalysts with cost‐effectiveness, encouraging activity, and unique advantages (e.g., homogeneous activity sites, high atom efficiency, and intrinsic activity) have been widely investigated. Considerable progress in this domain has been witnessed in the past decade. Herein, a comprehensive summary of recent development in atomically dispersed M–N–C catalysts for the ORR under acidic conditions and of their application in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of PEM fuel cells, are presented. The ORR mechanisms, composition, and operating principles of PEMFCs are introduced. Thereafter, atomically dispersed M–N–C catalysts towards improved acidic ORR and MEA performance is summarized in detail, and improvement strategies for MEA performance and stability are systematically analyzed. Finally, remaining challenges and significant research directions for design and development of high‐performance atomically dispersed M–N–C catalysts and MEA are discussed.
Metal/Oxide Heterojunction Boosts Fuel Cell Cathode Reaction at Low Temperatures
Authors: Jeong SeongWoo , Wang Ning , Kitano Sho , Habazaki Hiroki , Aoki Yoshitaka 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAmong several types of low‐temperature solid oxide fuel cells, hydrogen‐permeable metal‐supported fuel cells (HMFCs) are devices that can achieve outputs of approximately 1.0 W cm−2 at 400 °C. This work clarifies the mechanism for promoting the cathode reaction on proton‐conducting ceramics at such low temperatures. Combined numerical and electrochemical analyses demonstrate that blocking minor oxide ion conduction at metal/oxide heterojunctions promotes proton transfer at the cathode/electrolyte interfaces, thereby enhancing the turnover frequency of the cathode reaction at the triple‐phase boundary. The electrolyte membrane in HMFCs is forced to gain extra protons to compensate for the charge of oxide ions that accumulate because of the blocking, resulting in an increment of the proton concentration gradients near the cathode/electrolyte interfaces so as to eject the excess amount of proton. The interfacial proton concentration gradient increases and thus the cathode polarization resistance of HMFCs decrease with the cell bias. An HMFC with a highly oxygen‐deficient BaZr0.5Sc0.5O3−δ electrolyte accumulates a large amount of oxide ions, thereby developing large concentration gradients. Thus, it achieves a cathode reaction resistance of 0.54 Ω cm2 at 400 °C with conventional cathode materials, La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ. These findings demonstrate that HMFCs can efficiently utilize overpotential.
COVID‐19 Response Unites Perioperative Teams at a Recently Merged Health Care System
Authors: Larkin Brenda G. , Mahal‐van‐Brenk Cindy 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTAdvocate Aurora Health, located in the north‐central United States, is the result of a merger between two large health care organizations in April 2018. The health care system comprises 26 hospitals, offers more than 500 sites of care, and employs 75,000 team members. This article discusses the effects that coronavirus disease 2019 had on the perioperative services departments while directors and site leaders were still managing the complexities of the merger. Included are strategies used to address the challenges created by the pandemic, special considerations based on level‐of‐care capacity, the effect that the hold on elective surgeries had on staffing assignments, the reactivation process when elective surgery resumed, and the importance of keeping the perioperative team members informed and safe. It also illustrates how facing the challenges caused by the pandemic helped to solidify the merger of the two health care organizations.
Modelling and control in drinking water treatment plants: A case study using time‐varying feedforward control
Authors: Tan Chee Keong , Chai Chuan Wei , Hussain Mohd Azlan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe used real plant data obtained from a water treatment plant in Peninsular Malaysia to develop a model to predict fluoride concentration in treated water. We validated the model with real plant data and demonstrated that the model yields good prediction, with mean absolute percentage error close to 10% or less. The validated model was then used to design an internal model control (IMC) tuned feedback controller, combined with a time‐varying feedforward control approach by exploiting the predictable and repetitive pattern of the inlet water flow rate. Simulation studies using random and real disturbance data show that the proposed control has successfully prevented over fluoridation in treated water. The validated model, due to its simplicity, is suitable for future online implementation. It can also be readily applied to model‐based control approaches (e.g., model predictive control) in future studies.
Hydromorphological rehabilitation improves channel morphology, instream biotopes, and macroinvertebrate communities, and thus enhances the conservation of an urban river
Authors: Al‐Zankana Ahmed Faraj Ali , Smallwood Lisa S. , Matheson Tom , Harper David M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Many river rehabilitation projects have been criticized for failing to meet their goals or for being insufficiently monitored. There is, therefore, an urgent need to develop robust approaches for assessing treatment efficacy and thus guide the increasing investment in rehabilitation.
Instream biotopes (formerly called ‘functional habitats’ or ‘mesohabitats’ by different authors) and their macroinvertebrate assemblages were used to assess the effectiveness of entire‐channel hydromorphological rehabilitation of a 1.8‐km stretch of a lowland stream through the town of Market Harborough, Leicestershire, UK.
The project successfully enhanced the physical diversity, measured in the rehabilitated reach as the coefficients of variability for channel water depth and width, wet surface area, number of instream biotopes, and biotope diversity.
The project also enhanced the biodiversity conservation value, measured as macroinvertebrate total density, total biomass, richness, diversity, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) richness, EPT diversity, EPT count%, and EPT biomass%, all of which significantly increased following rehabilitation. Chironomidae count% and biomass% significantly decreased following rehabilitation. Rehabilitation was also successful in significantly increasing macroinvertebrate shredder, scraper, and filter‐feeder group density.
Changes in the macroinvertebrate community metrics in the rehabilitated reach were related significantly to changes in the percentages of cover of instream biotopes and increases in biotope diversity in the rehabilitated reach.
Macroinvertebrate structural and functional metrics can provide quantitative data for assessing reach‐level rehabilitation outcomes, if samples are collected in a pre‐defined sampling protocol stratified at the instream biotope level.
The practical implications of this work are that the design of rehabilitation projects, if based upon the recreation of biotope heterogeneity, will succeed in improving biological value and restoring the area to near naturalness if a suitable upstream source of macroinvertebrates for natural recolonization is available. The study shows that the concept of biotopes has an important role to play in river conservation management.
Automated Flowsheet Synthesis Using Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning: Proof of Concept
Authors: Göttl Quirin , Tönges Yannic , Grimm Dominik G. , Burger Jakob 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecently we showed that reinforcement learning can be used to automatically generate process flowsheets without heuristics or prior knowledge. For this purpose, SynGameZero, a novel two‐player game has been developed. In this work we extend SynGameZero by structuring the agent's actions in several hierarchy levels, which improves the approach in terms of scalability and allows the consideration of more sophisticated flowsheet problems. We successfully demonstrate the usability of our novel framework for the fully automated synthesis of an ethyl tert‐butyl ether process.
Atroposelective sp3 C—H Coupling for Kinetic Resolution of Thioanilide Atropisomers
Authors: Jiang Hua‐Jie , Geng Rui‐Long , Wei Jia‐Hui , Gong Liu‐Zhu 
Published: August 2021

Main observation and conclusionA highly efficient kinetic resolution of racemic thioanilide atropisomers via C(sp3)−H arylation has been achieved by a hybrid palladium catalyst bearing an anionic chiral CoIII‐complex and a phosphoramidite ligand, leading to both enantioenriched atropisomeric arylation thioanilides (up to 99% ee) and N‐Me atropisomeric thioanilides (up to 99% ee), simultaneously. The remained enantioenriched substrates can be arylated again by using an achiral anionic ligand to give the enantiomer with the opposite configuration.