bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Trend of Temperature Changes in Iranian Metropolises in the Last Three Decades
Authors: Lashkari Hassan , ghorlivand Nahid , Mohammadi Zainab , Sigaroodi Hossein Ali Rouhbakhsh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Global warming is a challenging issue among the world's climatologists, embraced even by politicians and the common people. In this study, the trend of temperature changes in 31 metropolises of Iran, which are generally the provincial centres of the country, has been studied in a statistical period of 35 years (1985-2019). We found that there are more temperature changes in all metropolises of Iran in winter than other seasons. In this season, the maximum temperature parameter shows a significant increase, as evidenced in Ardabil with about 9 degrees Celsius. Also, the highest amount of temperature increase in all seasons has occurred in the western and northwestern part of Iran, being of mildly cold to extremely cold climate in Iran. In general, the temperature changes more intensively from the south to the north regions. It is interesting that in the southern and coastal cities of Iran, such as Ilam, Bushehr and Shiraz, in some months, the temperature keeps decreeing. The increase in temperature of metropolises has been much more regular for the maximum temperature than the minimum temperature. Strangely, unlike all the months in November, the maximum temperature has decreased in most cities in Iran.
Shared Genetic Architecture Between Alzheimer’s Disease and Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders: A Large-scale Genome-wide Cross-trait Analysis
Authors: Adewuyi Emmanuel O , O’Brien Eleanor K , Nyholt Dale R , Porter Tenielle , Laws Simon M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Consistent with the concept of the gut-brain phenomenon, observational studies have reported a pattern of co-occurring relationship between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and a range of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) traits. However, it is not clear whether the reported association reflects a causal or shared genetic aetiology of GIT disorders with AD. While AD has no known curative treatments, and its pathogenesis is not clearly understood, a comprehensive assessment of its shared genetics with diseases (comorbidities) can provide a deeper understanding of its underlying biological mechanisms and enhance potential therapy development. Methods: We analysed large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data (sample size = 34,652 – 456,327) to comprehensively assess shared genetic overlap and causality of GIT disorders with the risk of AD. Further, we performed meta-analyses, pairwise GWAS analysis; and investigated genes and biological pathways shared by AD and GIT disorders.Results: Our analyses reveal significant concordance of SNP risk effects across AD and GIT disorders (Ppermuted = 9.99 × 10−4). Also, we found a significant positive genetic correlation between AD and each of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), medications for GERD or PUD (PGM), gastritis-duodenitis, irritable bowel syndrome, and diverticular disease, but not inflammatory bowel disease. Mendelian randomisation analyses found no evidence for a significant causal association between AD and GIT disorders. However, shared independent genome-wide significant (Pmeta-analysis < 5 × 10-8) loci (including 1p31.3 [near gene, PDE4B], 1q32.2 [CD46], 3p21.31 [SEMA3F], 16q22.1 [MTSS2], 17q21.33 [PHB], and 19q13.32 [APOE]) were identified for AD and PGM, six of which are putatively novel. These loci were replicated using GERD and PUD GWAS and reinforced in pairwise GWAS (colocalisation) as well as gene-based analyses. Lipid metabolism, autoimmune system, lipase inhibitors, PD-1 signalling, and statin mechanisms were significantly enriched in pathway-based analyses. Conclusions: These findings support shared genetic susceptibility of GIT disorders with AD risk and provide new insights into their observed association. The identified loci and genes—PDE4B, CD46 and APOE, especially—and biological pathways—statins and lipase inhibitors, in particular—may provide novel therapeutic avenues or targets for further investigation in AD, GIT disorders, or their comorbidity.
The Bovine Serum Albumin Coated Copper Oxide Nanoparticle for Curcumin Delivery in Biological Environment: In-vitro Drug Release
Authors: Atloo Tahmineh , Mohammadkhani Ramin , Mohammadi Ali , Zaboli Kasra Arbabi , Kaboli Saeed , Rahimi Hossein , Nosrati Hamed , danafar hossein 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, first, copper oxide nanoparticles (CUO NPs) were synthesized by physical methods and then coated with the bovine serum albumin (BSA) via biologically meditated minerals to form CUO@BSA NPs. Finally, curcumin (CUR) as an anticancer drug were immobilized on the surface of CUO@BSA NPS. The properties of CUO@BSA-CUR NPS were investigated by FTIR, UV-Vis, TEM, and AFM spectroscopes. It was found that the synthesized CUO@BSA-CUR nanoparticles were spherical with a particle size of 20 to 30 nm and have a sustained release of CUR at 37°C in buffer solution. Also, the result of release in biological environment showed that maximum drug release rate for this nanocarrier in pH 7.4 was measured 75% after 48 hours. The cytotoxicity of CUO@BSA-CUR on MDA-MB-231 cell line was studied. The results showed that CUO@BSA-CUR nanoparticles have significant cytotoxic activity on this cell line, while the results of MTT assay indicated the CUO@BSA NPs have no toxicity effect on the cancer cells.
Study On The Implementation Status and Countermeasures of The Standardized Resident Training System in China
Authors: Li Zixin , Liu Songyi , Meng Wenqi , Jiang Xiaoli , Peng Haibo , Yu Qianqian , Yin Wenqiang , Chen Zhongming , Ma Dongping , Song Junwei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Object:

By combing the policy content of the standardized resident training system in China, this paper analyzes the residents’ cognition and satisfaction evaluation of standardized training policy, and discusses the implementation obstacles and feasible strategies of the Chinese standardized resident training.
Method

Using policy text analysis to sort out the policy content of the Chinese standardized resident training system; A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1048 residents in 5 standardized training bases for residents in Shandong Province, China, and a qualitative interview was conducted with 42 residents by personal in-depth interview. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression model were used to statistically analyze the residents’ cognition of the training policy, the way of participating in the training, the harvest during the training, existing problems, satisfaction evaluation, and to explore the implementation obstacle factors and optimization strategies of the standardized resident training policy in China.
Result

Through quantitative investigation and qualitative interview, it is found that the standardized resident training has improved the students’ clinical theoretical knowledge level, practical ability, and doctor-patient communication ability. However, there are still some problems in the standardized resident training in China, such as unreasonable time arrangement, low salary and living security level of residents, weak awareness of teaching, inadequate implementation of training content and assessment, etc.
Conclusion

The implementation of the standardized resident training system in China has played an important role in cultivating homogeneous and qualified doctors and improving the ability and level of doctors. However, the survey found that the training arrangement is unreasonable, the salary and living security level is not high, and put forward that the training time should be arranged reasonably, the salary and treatment level should be improved, and the awareness of teachers’ responsibility should be improved Strengthen the implementation of training content and assessment. This paper can provide a reference for graduate medical education and the training of human resources in healthcare in other countries and regions.
Synthesis of Sulfilimines Enabled by Copper-Catalyzed S-Arylation of Sulfenamides
Authors: liang qingjin , wells Lucille , han kaiming , chen shufeng , Kozlowski Marisa , jia Tiezheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Herein, an unprecedented synthetic route to sulfilimines via a copper-catalyzed Chan-Lam-type coupling of sulfenamides is presented. A key to success in this novel transformation is the chemoselective S-arylation of S(II) sulfenamides to form the S(IV) sulfilimines, overriding the competitive C-N bond formation that does not require a change in sulfur oxidation state. The mild and environmentally benign catalytic conditions enable broad functional group compability. A variety of diaryl or alkyl aryl sulfilimines could be efficiently prepared. The Chan-Lam coupling procedure could also tolerate alkenylboronic acids as coupling partners to afford alkenyl aryl sulfilimines, a class of scaffolds which cannot be directly synthesized via conventional imination strategies. The benzoyl protecting groups could be conveniently removed from the product which, in turn, could be readily transformed to several S(IV) and S(IV) derivatives.
scSemiAE: A Deep Model with Semi-Supervised Learning for Single-Cell Transcriptomics
Authors: Dong Jiayi , Zhang Yin , Wang Fei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: With the development of modern sequencing technology, hundreds of thousands of single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq) profiles allow to explore the heterogeneity in the cell level, but it faces the challenges of high dimensions and high sparsity. Dimensionality reduction is essential for downstream analysis, such as clustering to identify cell subpopulations. Usually, dimensionality reduction follows unsupervised approach. Results: In this paper, we introduce a semi-supervised dimensionality reduction method named scSemiAE, which is based on an autoencoder model. It transfers the information contained in available datasets with cell subpopulation labels to guide the search of better low-dimensional representations, which can ease further analysis. Conclusions: Experiments on five public datasets show that, scSemiAE outperforms both unsupervised and semi-supervised baselines whether the transferred information embodied in the number of labeled cells and labeled cell subpopulations is much or less.
Sub-Gbps Key Rate Four-State Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution within Metropolitan Area
Authors: Wang Heng , Li Yang , Pi Yaodi , Pan Yan , Shao Yun , Ma Li , Yang Jie , Zhang Yichen , Huang Wei , Xu Bingjie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) has potential advantages of high secret key rate, which is very suitable for high-speed metropolitan network application. However, the reported highest secret key rates of the CVQKD systems up to now are limited in a few Mbps. Here, we address the fundamental experimental problems and demonstrate a single-carrier four-state CVQKD with sub-Gbps key rate within metropolitan area. In the demonstrated four-state CVQKD using local local oscillator, an ultra-low level of excess noise is obtained and a high efficient post-processing setup is designed for practically extracting the final secure keys. Thus, the achieved secure key rates are 190.54 Mbps and 137.76 Mbps and 52.48 Mbps using linear channel assuming security analysis method and 233.87 Mbps, 133.6 Mbps and 21.53 Mbps using semidefinite programming security analysis method over transmission distances of 5 km, 10 km and 25 km, respectively. This record-breaking result increases the previous secret key rate record by an order of magnitude, which is sufficient to achieve the one-time pad cryptographic task. Our work shows the road for future high-rate and large-scale CVQKD deployment in secure broadband metropolitan and access networks.
Different DNA methylome, transcriptome and histological features in uterine fibroids with and without MED12 mutations
Authors: Maekawa Ryo , Sato Shun , Tamehisa Tetsuro , Sakai Takahiro , Kajimura Takuya , Sueoka Kotaro , Sugino Norihiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Somatic mutations in Mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12m) have been reported as a biomarker of uterine fibroids (UFs). However, the role of MED12m is still unclear in the pathogenesis of UFs. Therefore, we investigated the differences in DNA methylome, transcriptome, and histological features between MED12m-positive and -negative UFs.
Methods: DNA methylomes and transcriptomes were obtained from MED12m-positive and -negative UFs and myometrium, and hierarchically clustered. Differentially expressed genes in comparison with the myometrium and co-expressed genes detected by weighted gene co-expression network analysis were subjected to gene ontology enrichment analyses. The amounts of collagen fibers and the number of blood vessels and smooth muscle cells were histologically evaluated.
Results: Hierarchical clustering based on DNA methylation clearly separated the myometrium, MED12m-positive, and MED12m-negative UFs. MED12m-positive UFs had the increased activities of extracellular matrix formation, whereas MED12m-negative UFs had the increased angiogenic activities and smooth muscle cell proliferation.
Conclusion: The MED12m-positive and -negative UFs had different DNA methylation, gene expression, and histological features. The MED12m-positive UFs form the tumor with a rich extracellular matrix and poor blood vessels and smooth muscle cells compared to the MED12m-negative UFs, suggesting MED12 mutations affect the tissue composition of UFs.
Preoperative Inflammatory Markers as Prognostic Predictors After Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resection: Data From a Western Referral Center
Authors: Silva João Paulo Maciel , Coelho Fabricio Ferreira , Cassenote Alex Jones Flores , Jeismann Vagner Birk , Fonseca Gilton Marques , Kruger Jaime Arthur Pirola , Júnior José Donizeti Meira , Nahas Sérgio Carlos , Herman Paulo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Recent studies from eastern centers have demonstrate an association between inflammatory response and long-term outcomes after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resection. However, the prognostic impact of inflammatory markers in western patients, with distinct tumor and epidemiologic features, is still unknown.
Aim

To evaluate the prognostic impact of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), as well as their impact according to tumor size (< 5 cm, 5-10 cm, > 10 cm) in patients undergoing HCC resection with curative intent.
Methods

Optimal cut-off values for NLR, PLR, and MLR were determined by plotting the receiver operator curves. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. The Cox method was used to identify independent predictors of OS and DFS.
Results

In total, 161 consecutive adult patients were included. A high NLR (>1.715) was associated with worse OS (P=0.018). High NLR (>2.475; P=0.047) and PLR (>100.25; P=0.028) were predictors of short DFS. In HCC < 5 cm, MLR (>1.715) was associated with worse OS (P=0.047). In the multivariate analysis, high PLR was an independent predictor of worse DFS (hazard ratio [HR]=3.029; 1.499-6.121; P=0.002).
Conclusions

Inflammatory markers are useful tools to predict long-term outcomes after liver resection in western patients, high NLR was able to stratify subgroups of patients with short OS and DFS, an increased PLR was an independent predictor of short DFS, while high MLR was associated with short OS in patients with early HCC.
Association between ALDH2 Variant and Alcohol Dependence in South Indian Population.
Authors: Umamageswari A , Adithan C , Manoharan Aarthi , Kannan Iyanar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Alcohol dependence (AD) poses a serious medical problem and significant public health issue contributing to morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The aim of the study is to test the association of rs698 (ADH1C) and rs671(ALDH2) with the risk of alcohol dependence and to further assess the influence of environmental factors on altering the genetic susceptibility to alcoholism in south Indian Tamilian population.Methods& Results: A total of 150 alcohol dependent cases aged between 18- and 65-years fulfilling DSM-V criteria were recruited from de addiction center. Subjects in control group (n=150) had history of alcohol intake with AUDIT score less than 8. The alleles were genotyped using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays by quantitative PCR. Association with alcohol dependence was evaluated with various genetic models using chi-square test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the effect of covariates. The dominant (OR=0.5811,95% CI: 0.372-0.9224, p<0.01) and allelic genetic model (OR=0.6228,95% CI: 0.4328-0.9009, p<0.01) of ALDH2, rs671 between cases and controls showed a significant association of the genetic variant with AD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed education level, family history, marital status were significantly associated with AD but there was no association between rs671 genotypes in the presence of these co-variates.Conclusions: Genetic factors play an important role in alcohol dependence. Combined analysis of functional genetic variants and environmental factors is warranted in future studies.
A Multisectoral Approach to Advance Health Equity in Northern Arizona: County-level Leaders’ Perspectives on Health Equity
Authors: Jiménez Dulce J , Sabo Samantha , Remiker Mark , Smith Melinda , Longorio Alexandra Samarron , Williamson Heather , Chief Carmenlita , Teufel-Shone Nicolette 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Multisectoral and public-private partnerships are critical in building the necessary infrastructure, policy, and political will to ameliorate health inequity. By focusing on health equity, researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers make explicit the systematic, avoidable, unfair, and unjust differences in health status across population groups sustained over time and generations, beyond the control of individuals. Health equity requires a collective process in shaping the health and wellbeing of the communities in which we live, learn, work, play, move, and grow.
Methods
Data are drawn from the Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative Regional Health Equity Survey (RHES). RHES is a community-informed, cross-sectional online survey comprised of 31 quantitative and 17 qualitative questions. Generated to elicit an interdisciplinary body of knowledge and guide future multisectoral action for improving community health and well-being, the RHES targeted leaders representing five large rural northern Arizona counties and 13 distinct sectors. To explore, multisectoral leaders’ knowledge, attitudes, and actions to address the social, environmental, and economic conditions that produce and sustain health inequity were analyzed using a priori coding scheme and emergent coding with thematic analysis.
Results
Although leaders were provided the definition and asked to describe the root causes of inequities, the majority of leaders described social determinants of health (SDoH). When leaders described root causes of health inequity, they articulated systemic factors affecting their communities and described discrimination and unequal allocation of power and resources. Most leaders described the SDoH of their communities by discussing compounding factors of poverty, transportation, and housing among others, that together exacerbate inequity. Leaders also identified specific strategies to address SDoH and advance health equity in their communities, ranging from providing direct services, to activating partnerships across organizations and sectors in advocacy for policy change.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that community leaders in the northern Arizona region acknowledge the importance of multisectoral partnerships and collaborations in improving health equity for the populations that they serve. However, a common understanding of health equity remains to be widely established, which is essential for conducting effective multisectoral work with the goal of advancing health equity.
Quantum Study of Symmetrical/asymmetrical Chare/Energy Transfer in a Simple Candidate Molecular Switch
Authors: Hadi Hamid , Safari Reza , Shamlouei Hamid Reza 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Based on molecular nanoelectronic knowledge, field-effect molecular electronic devices can be designed for use in nano-circuits. Therefore, in this study, a candidate field-effect molecular switch (isolated, M, and non-isolated, Au-M-Au/Au4-M-Au4, molecular systems) is studied, using density function/pseudopotential model (DFT/LANL2DZ). This molecular switch's switching mechanism (ON/OFF) we performed by applying an external electric field-effect. In this regard, some computational studies related to this molecular switch's electronic/vibrational transfer properties were investigated. Also, used from the quantum theory of atoms in the molecule (QTAIM), Landauer's theory (LT), and energy/charge transfer mechanisms were used at the atomic scale to predict this molecular switch's voltage-current (IV) behavior. Analysis of these results showed that when the intensity of the applied electric field increases to 0.008 au, the molecular switch is in the ON state. In addition, the role of gold electrodes on some of the electronic/vibrational properties of this molecular switch was investigated. Analysis of the results showed that gold electrodes play an essential role in the local distribution of charge and intramolecular energy and, consequently, the I/V diagram of this molecular switch. It is expected that such quantum-based research (without using numerical methods such as Green's function methods) could open new horizons in the quantum study of molecular parts at the atomic-intramolecular scale.
COVID 19 breakthrough infection risk: a simple physical model describing the dependence on antibody concentration
Authors: Williams David 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The empirically-observed dependence on blood IgG anti-receptor binding domain antibody concentration of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy against infection has a rational explanation in the statistics of binding of antibody to spike proteins on the virus surface: namely that the probability of protection is the probability of antibody binding to more than a critical number of the spike proteins protruding from the virus. The model is consistent with the observed antibody concentrations required to induce immunity and with the observed dependence of vaccine efficacy on antibody concentration and thus is a useful tool in the development of models to relate, for an individual person, risk of breakthrough infection given measured antibody concentration