bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical imaging presentation of herpes simplex virus encephalitis in paediatric immunocompromised oncology patients
Authors: Kapadia Tejas , Sahu Arpita , Gupta Anurag , Dhamne Chetan , Prasad Maya , Chinaswamy Girish , Kembhavi Seema 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe aim to assess the imaging manifestations of brain involvement in paediatric immunocompromised patients with haematological malignancies on chemotherapy presenting with encephalitis and positive HSV CSF PCR. We also aim to determine whether our findings are similar or different to those described in literature for paediatric patients in general.MethodsA retrospective study was performed in paediatric ALL/lymphoma patients on chemotherapy, and cases with positive CSF HSV‐PCR with at least one head MRI scan were included. On imaging, location(typical/atypical), post‐contrast enhancement and haemorrhage/diffusivity/gliosis were evaluated.ResultA total of 28 scans were included in study from 16 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria, 12 (75%) HSV‐1 and 4 (25%) HSV‐2. Of the 16 initial scans (CT n = 10, MRI n = 6), 11 were normal (CT = 7, MRI = 4). Fourteen patients had follow‐up MRI, of which two had normal scans. On the abnormal initial scan (5/16), only 20% had typical medial temporal/inferomedial frontal/cingulate involvement. Most had frontal (80%), parietal (60%) and non‐medial temporal (40%) lesions. Abnormal diffusivity/haemorrhage was absent in all, and postcontrast enhancement was seen in 20%. On follow‐up, more patients (33%) had typical medial temporal/inferomedial frontal/cingulate involvement. Widespread atypical site involvement of frontoparietal (75%), thalamus (58%), non‐medial temporal (50%), occipital/basal ganglia (33%) and cerebellum (8%) was noted. Most lesions were cortical (91%)/subcortical (75%) with few periventricular lesions (58%). Few showed abnormal diffusivity (16%), post‐contrast parenchymal enhancement/haemorrhage (8%), post‐contrast meningeal enhancement (25%) and gliosis (16%).ConclusionImmunocompromised paediatric patients with haematological malignancies have widespread atypical brain involvement in herpes simplex encephalitis with lack of diffusion restriction and post‐contrast enhancement, likely due to haematogenous spread of HSV across the blood–brain barrier, lack of cellular immunity and limited inflammatory cytokine response.
Strength in Numbers: How Women's Groups Close India's Political Gender Gap
Authors: Prillaman Soledad Artiz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn India, there persists a striking gender gap in political participation. Women's political participation is important both on normative grounds of inclusion and because when women participate, politics changes. I develop a theoretical model of women's political behavior, arguing that women's lack of political participation is the result of the structure of women's political networks in patriarchal societies. I then evaluate the effect of expanding women's networks by leveraging a natural experiment that created as‐if random variation in access to women‐only credit groups. Participation in these groups had a significant and substantial impact on women's political participation—women's attendance at public meetings doubled. I provide suggestive evidence of three mechanisms underlying this effect: (1) larger networks, (2) increased capacity for collective action within networks, and (3) development of civic skills. These findings contribute to our understanding of how networks affect political behavior and underlie gendered inequalities in political participation.
Psychological difficulties of LVAD patients and caregivers: A follow up over one year from discharge
Authors: Rossi Ferrario Silvia , Panzeri Anna , Pistono Massimo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAfter the rehabilitation program, patients with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) are discharged home, but the adaption to the daily life with the implant is challenging, both with practical and psychological consequences. Literature is lacking detailed information about the quality of life of LVAD patients and caregivers after discharge to home.ObjectiveThis study aimed at evaluating the post‐discharge outcomes of both LVAD patients and their caregivers in terms of quality of life, affectivity, and psychological health.MethodsIn this observational follow‐up study, LVAD dyads discharged home from 1 year to 6 years were re‐contacted by phone and received by mail an envelope with self‐report questionnaires. Responses of 39 complete dyads of patients (mean age 68.59 ± 4.31; males: 92.31%) and their caregivers (mean age 61.59 ± 11.64; males: 17.95%) were analyzed.ResultsPatients and caregivers reported the moderate levels of anxiety, depression, and caregiver strain, and Illness denial and conscious avoidance were associated between them. The couples often reported that the LVAD has impairments for their sleep and for their affective–sexual relationship. Caregivers often reported impairment in social life and self‐care.DiscussionsDespite the satisfaction for the medical and territorial assistance, patients showed psychological difficulties such as anxious and depressive symptoms and caregivers tend to neglect themselves. Even after a long time from discharge to home, the psychological distress of LVAD patients and caregivers is still considerable. Structured and continuous psychological interventions are required to support their psychological health overtime after the discharge to home.
Examining the relationship between children's health‐related quality of life and their perception of parental support toward physical activity: A longitudinal study
Authors: Ha Amy S. , Ng Johan Y. Y. , Wong Rosa S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigated how health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) affected perception of parental support for physical activity (PA) in 529 children from the “Fun to Move@JC Project.” They self‐reported their HRQOL, PA enjoyment and motivation, barriers to PA, and attachment to parents in the first semester (Time 1) and perceived parental PA support in the second semester (Time 2). Mediation analyses were performed to examine the underlying mechanisms. Greater Time 1 HRQOL scores predicted higher Time 2 perceived parental PA support through PA enjoyment and motivation, barriers to PA, and attachment to parents at Time 1. The specific indirect effect via attachment to parents was particularly strong in girls, whereas the association of PA enjoyment with perceived parental PA support was stronger in boys. Our findings suggest that children with poor HRQOL may not perceive parents to be supportive of their PA. Interventions promoting parental PA support should emphasize PA enjoyment and benefits to attachment security for parents of boys and girls, respectively.
What influences the provision and reception of oral health education? A narrative review of the literature
Authors: Barnes Emma , Bullock Alison , Chestnutt Ivor Gordon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesMost common diseases of the mouth are preventable through behavioural changes, oral hygiene routines and regular professional care. Research suggests dental professionals may prioritize clinical experience, personal values and preferences over evidence when delivering such interventions. Research also suggests variable rates of patient behaviour change following oral health education (OHE) interactions. This review explores the literature to answer the question: what factors influence the provision and reception of OHE messages and the wider OHE process?MethodsA structured search of literature was carried out with databases covering a range of academic disciplines (healthcare sciences, social sciences, education). Key words/terms were searched to elicit papers published since 1998. Citation mining (relevant citations within papers) and citation tracking (papers citing relevant papers) were also used. Recurring themes within the papers were identified and coded using NVivo12 and presented in a conceptual model.ResultsThe studies analysed tended to employ small‐scale surveys, larger‐scale surveys (some with low response rates), or interview studies of varying sizes. There was also a limited number of review papers. However, several key messages were identified regarding dental professionals' and patients' views on OHE and the factors that influence its provision. Factors that were identified related to the wider social and policy context (macro), community‐level factors (meso), the individual practitioner and patient (micro), factors that influenced the nature of OHE interaction and any resulting behaviour change, and how the outcomes of the process influence future OHE interactions for both parties.ConclusionsThe literature highlighted how factors influence the OHE process before, during and after the educational interaction. The resultant conceptual model acknowledges the influence of wider ‘upstream’ factors alongside interpersonal and individual influences which should be taken into consideration when developing OHE interventions.
The impact of price hedging on subsidized insurance: Evidence from Canada
Authors: Slade Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article examines the effect of price hedging on publicly subsidized insurance. Theoretically, the effect of hedging is found to have an ambiguous effect on the incentive to purchase revenue insurance. A simulation is used to analyze the relationship between hedging and the Canadian AgriStability program in three regions in Saskatchewan. AgriStability is a margin insurance product, though in the simulation I hold input use constant, allowing the program to operate as if it were revenue insurance. Hedging is found to substantially reduce enrolment in AgriStability in each region. Furthermore, in some simulations the benefits that producers receive from AgriStability are smaller than the value of government subsidies. The results offer an explanation for low participation in AgriStability and show that the risk‐reducing effect of AgriStability is moderated by the ability of crop producers to hedge price risk through other means.
Cutaneous ectopia of lung, located on back and neck: Hitherto undescribed presentation
Authors: Osama Md , Sharma Rupali , Dhawan Shashi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEctopia is defined as the presence of a normal‐appearing tissue in an abnormal location, where it is not normally found. In the literature, it is also referred to as heterotopia and is described as choristoma when it forms a mass. Lung tissue ectopia is a rare anomaly and is characterized by the presence of mature lung tissue comprising well‐formed bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli at an abnormal location. Occurrence of ectopic lung tissue in the skin is an extremely rare entity and the diagnosis is mostly established by histopathologic examination. This report documents a rare occurrence of cutaneous ectopic lung tissue at two locations (neck and back). Cutaneous ectopia at multiple sites has not been described in the literature till date.
The effect of maturity and season on health‐related bioactive compounds in wild harvested fruit of Terminalia ferdinandiana (Exell)
Authors: Phan Anh Dao Thi , Damyeh Maral Seidi , Chaliha Mridusmita , Akter Saleha , Fyfe Selina , Netzel Michael E. , Cozzolino Daniel , Sultanbawa Yasmina 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThis study reports changes in the concentrations of important health‐related bioactive compounds (vitamin C and ellagic acid) and morphology of wild harvested Kakadu plum fruits that were collected during three harvest seasons and four maturities. The results showed that fruit weight increased, whereas fruit length and width changed slightly with the advance in maturity. Vitamin C increased up to 20 folds (from 1.2 to 21.2% dry weight [DW]) from immature to mature stage, whereas ellagic acid decreased approximately three times (from 6.5 to 2.1% DW). Similar trends were observed over the three harvest seasons studied. A positive correlation between fruit weight and vitamin C, whereas a negative correlation with ellagic acid was observed, indicating that maturity plays an important role in contributing to the variation of ellagic acid and vitamin C. Season also had an effect and showed the influences of rainfall, temperature and solar exposure on the biosynthesis of vitamin C and ellagic acid.
Construction of a water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) double emulsion system based on oyster peptides and characterisation of freeze‐dried products
Authors: Yang Wen , Li Jinzhen , Ren Dingding , Cao Wenhong , Lin Haisheng , Qin Xiaoming , Wu Leiyan , Zheng Huina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn order to broaden the range of applications for oyster peptides in the food field, the amino acid composition of oyster peptide was analysed, after which the peptide sequence was identified using liquid‐mass spectrometry technology. A W1/O/W2 double emulsion was prepared by the two‐step shear emulsification method. The W1/O/W2 double emulsion was further freeze‐dried after addition of alginate to obtain the final product, and the characteristics of the related product were analysed. The results show that oyster peptides are mainly composed of short peptides with molecular weights between 459.3 Da and 2716.3 Da. Polyglycerol polyrinoleate (PGPR) was selected as the emulsifier and added at 5% of the mass of the oil phase. The mass ratio of the oil phase to the water phase was O:W = 6:4, and optimal stability of the W1/O emulsion was obtained by shearing and emulsifying for 2 min at 12 000 rpm. A superior W1/O/W2 double emulsion can be obtained by secondary emulsification in which the hydrophilic emulsifier Tween 80 was added at 0.8% (w/w) of the mass of the external water phase (W2). The mass ratio of the emulsion to the external water phase was 5:5. The lyophilised product has good re‐solubility, with the reconstituted emulsion maintaining the double‐emulsion structure. Electronic nose results showed that the peculiar smell of the reconstituted emulsion was significantly lower than that of the oyster peptide solution. The results of this research provide a reference for the development and application of oyster peptides in the field of functional health foods.
An explainable machine learning model for predicting in‐hospital amputation rate of patients with diabetic foot ulcer
Authors: Xie Puguang , Li Yuyao , Deng Bo , Du Chenzhen , Rui Shunli , Deng Wu , Wang Min , Boey Johnson , Armstrong David G. , Ma Yu , Deng Wuquan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most serious and alarming diabetic complications, which often leads to high amputation rates in diabetic patients. Machine learning is a part of the field of artificial intelligence, which can automatically learn models from data and better inform clinical decision‐making. We aimed to develop an accurate and explainable prediction model to estimate the risk of in‐hospital amputation in patients with DFU. A total of 618 hospitalised patients with DFU were included in this study. The patients were divided into non‐amputation, minor amputation or major amputation group. Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) and 5‐fold cross‐validation tools were used to construct a multi‐class classification model to predict the three outcomes of interest. In addition, we used the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) algorithm to interpret the predictions of the model. Our area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristic curve (AUC) demonstrated a 0.90, 0.85 and 0.86 predictive ability for non‐amputation, minor amputation and major amputation outcomes, respectively. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the developed explainable machine learning model provided accurate estimates of the amputation rate in patients with DFU during hospitalisation. Besides, the model could inform individualised analyses of the patients' risk factors.
Room‐temperature dislocation plasticity in SrTiO3 tuned by defect chemistry
Authors: Stich Stephan , Ding Kuan , Muhammad Qaisar Khushi , Porz Lukas , Minnert Christian , Rheinheimer Wolfgang , Durst Karsten , Rödel Jürgen , Frömling Till , Fang Xufei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDislocations have been identified to modify both the functional and mechanical properties of some ceramic materials. Succinct control of dislocation‐based plasticity in ceramics will also demand knowledge about dislocation interaction with point defects. Here, we propose an experimental approach to modulate the dislocation‐based plasticity in single‐crystal SrTiO3 based on the concept of defect chemistry engineering, for example, by increasing the oxygen vacancy concentration via reduction treatment. With nanoindentation and bulk compression tests, we find that the dislocation‐governed plasticity is significantly modified at the nano‐/microscale, compared to the bulk scale. The increase in oxygen vacancy concentration after reduction treatment was assessed by impedance spectroscopy and is found to favor dislocation nucleation but impede dislocation motion as rationalized by the nanoindentation pop‐in and nanoindentation creep tests.
Perioperative risk factors for new‐onset postoperative atrial fibrillation among patients after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting: A retrospective study
Authors: Choi Hong‐Jae , Seo Eun Ji , Choi Jae‐Sung , Oh Se Jin , Son Youn‐Jung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsIncidence of atrial fibrillation is considerably high after open heart surgery, which may prolong hospitalization and increase mortality. The aim of the present study is to investigate the perioperative risk factors for the occurrence of new‐onset atrial fibrillation following isolated coronary artery bypass grafting.DesignA retrospective study.MethodsA total of 327 Korean patients recorded to have undergone first‐time isolated coronary artery bypass grafting and no preoperative history of atrial fibrillation were included. The data were obtained from electronic health record from January 2010 to December 2019 at a tertiary care hospital. Predictors of new‐onset atrial fibrillation after the surgery were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe incidence rate of new‐onset atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting was approximately 28.4%, and the highest occurrence rate was 44.1% on postoperative day 2. Our main finding showed that advanced age was the strongest predictor of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting. In addition, history of stroke and depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and intraoperative use of intra‐aortic balloon pump were shown to be the risk factors.ConclusionOur findings showed that approximately 28% patients had new‐onset atrial fibrillation after the surgery. Healthcare professionals should proactively assess risk factors for postoperative atrial fibrillation and focus more on older adults with pre‐existing comorbidities, such as stroke, depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.ImpactOlder adults with history of stroke, depression and comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should be carefully monitored closely during perioperative period. The study highlights that early assessment of new‐onset postoperative atrial fibrillation can contribute to promote the quality of nursing care and frontline nurses may be a vital role in timely detection of atrial fibrillation after surgery. Prospective studies are required to identify the mechanisms connecting perioperative risk factors for atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery.
Feasibility and acceptability of targeted salivary cytomegalovirus screening through universal newborn hearing screening
Authors: Webb Emma , Gillespie Alanna N , Poulakis Zeffie , Gartland Tim , Buttery Jim , Casalaz Dan , Daley Andrew J , Donath Susan , Gwee Amanda , Jacobs Susan E , Phuong Linny K , Pszczola Rosalynn , Purcell Rachael , Saunders Kerryn , Kadambari Seilesh , Jones Cheryl A. , Sung Valerie ,   the HearS‐cCMV Study Team
Published: September 2021

AimThis study aimed to determine the feasibility and parental acceptability of screening for congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) through saliva polymerase chain reaction in infants who did not pass their newborn hearing screening. Additionally, the utility (i.e. time to diagnosis and treatment) of this enhanced clinical pathway was evaluated.MethodsThe study was conducted through the Victorian Infant Hearing Screening Programme (VIHSP) across four maternity hospitals in Melbourne, Australia, during June 2019–March 2020. Parents were approached by VIHSP staff about obtaining a test for cytomegalovirus (CMV) at the time of their baby's second positive (‘refer’) result on the VIHSP screen. Participating parents collected a saliva swab for CMV polymerase chain reaction from their infants. Feasibility was determined by the proportion of ‘referred’ infants whose parents completed the salivary CMV screening test ≤21 days of life. Acceptability was measured through parent survey.ResultsOf 126 eligible families, 96 (76.0%) had salivary screening swabs taken ≤21 days of life. Most families (>92.0%) indicated that screening was acceptable, straightforward and thought testing their baby for cCMV was a good idea. One infant screened positive on day 30, was diagnosed with cCMV via confirmatory testing by day 31 and commenced valganciclovir on day 32.ConclusionsObtaining a saliva sample to screen for cCMV in infants who do not pass their newborn hearing screen is feasible and appears acceptable to parents. This targeted cCMV screening method could be an option where mothers are rapidly discharged from hospital, especially in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Effects of dialectical behaviour therapy on reducing self‐harming behaviours and negative emotions in patients with borderline personality disorder: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Shu‐Yan , Cheng Yin , Zhao Wei‐Wei , Zhang Yan‐Hong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionDialectical behaviour therapy(DBT) has been widely used for borderline personality disorder(BPD). Existing studies are limited to behaviours such as self‐harm, and the results for reducing self‐harm were controversial. Few have systematically evaluated the effect of DBT on self‐harming behaviours and negative emotions.AimThis study aims to evaluate the effects of DBT on self‐harming behaviours and negative emotions in patients with BPD.MethodsRCTs on DBT for BPD were searched from PubMed, Embase, etc., and the results were performed by RevMan 5.3.ResultsThe meta‐analysis demonstrated that DBT reduced self‐harming behaviours, and alleviated depression, but had a negligible effect on suicidal ideation and anger. One subgroup revealed that standard DBT improved depression significantly, but DBT skills training improved poorly. Another subgroup revealed that there was a significant reduction in depression among patients receiving DBT for 4 months to 14 months, but not at 4 months.Discussion and implications for practiceFindings indicate that DBT can reduce self‐harming behaviours and improve depression, but effects on suicidal ideation and anger are insignificant. Subgroup analysis suggests that standard DBT and DBT‐ST lasting beyond 4 months benefits on BPD. Given the quality and quantity restrictions of RCTs, more high‐quality RCTs need to verify these effects.