bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PhageDx™ E. coli O157:H7 Assay in Ground Beef Level 3 Modification to Add 375 g Beef Trim and New Method Procedure for 25 g Ground Beef: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 081601
Authors: Erickson Stephen , Gil Jose , Nguyen Minh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
ThePhageDx™ E. coli O157:H7 Assay originally required a 5 h enrichment period and a 10 mL test sample for 25 g ground beef. The proposed method modifications seek to include beef trim (375 g) matrix and a new method procedure for 25 g ground beef comprised of 6–7 h enrichment and 1 mL test sample.

Objective
To validate the method modifications for PhageDx E. coli O157:H7 Assay to include beef trim (375 g) matrix and modify enrichment time and test sample size for 25 g ground beef.

Method
For both matrixes, pre-warmed tryptic soya broth (TSB; 42 ± 1°C) was added in a 3:1 (media:sample size) ratio, blended, and enriched for 9–10 h (beef trim, 375 g) or 6 h (ground beef, 25 g) at 42 ± 1°C. One milliliter samples were transferred to a microfuge tube, centrifuged, and the supernatant removed. The pellet was resuspended in 0.2 mL of TSB and phage reagent was added. Samples were incubated for 2 h at 37 ± 1°C. After infection, the sample was centrifuged, and 150 µl of the supernatant was transferred to a 96-well plate. Then, lysis buffer and luciferase substrate were added and the sample read on a luminometer to determine the presence or absence of E. coli O157:H7.

Results
No significant differences were found between the PhageDx E. coli O157:H7 Assay method modifications and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook (MLG) reference method.

Conclusions
The independent study demonstrated that the PhageDx E. coli O157:H7 Assay method modifications meet the qualifications for Performance Tested Method SM status.

Highlights
The PhageDx E. coli O157:H7 Assay is a rapid detection method capable of detecting E. coli O157:H7 in 25 g ground beef and 375 g beef trim samples in as little as 8.5 h and 11.5 h total turn around time, respectively.
Neurofibroma in the Breast: Diagnosis and Management Considerations
Authors: Yin Chen , Porembka Jessica H , Hwang Helena , Hayes Jody C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Neurofibroma (NF) of the breast is an uncommon benign entity that occurs sporadically or in association with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Sporadic NF of the breast is very rare and can present at any age. Neurofibroma of the breast associated with NF1 is more common. Neurofibroma commonly presents as oval, circumscribed masses that overlap with many benign entities. The histopathologic diagnosis of NF of the breast can present a management dilemma for the breast radiologist. An NF that is not associated with NF1 has good post-resection prognosis if superficial, sporadic, and solitary. However, NF of the breast diagnosed in an otherwise healthy patient should prompt evaluation for NF1 and formal genetic risk assessment. Patients diagnosed with NF1 have a higher lifetime risk for developing breast cancer and therefore may benefit from both initiating screening mammography at a younger age and supplemental screening MRI.
Predictors of Malignancy in Patients With Indeterminate Biliary Strictures and Atypical Biliary Cytology: Results From Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Alali Ali , Moris Maria , Martel Myriam , Streutker Catherine , Cirocco Maria , Mosko Jeffrey , Kortan Paul , Barkun Alan , May Gary R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Atypical cellular features are commonly encountered in patients with indeterminate biliary strictures, which are nondiagnostic of malignancy yet cannot rule it out. This study aims to identify clinical features that could discriminate patients with indeterminate biliary strictures and atypical biliary cytology who may harbor underlying malignancy.

Methods
All patients with an indeterminate biliary stricture and an atypical brush cytology obtained during endoscopic brushings were identified in a large tertiary-care center. Demographical information, clinical data and the final pathological diagnosis were collected. The study cohort was divided based on the final diagnosis into benign and malignant groups. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were performed.

Results
A total of 151 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 62.9% were males with mean age of 61.7 ± 16.4 years. Overall, there was an almost equal distribution of patients in the benign and malignant groups. Older age (≥65 years), jaundice, weight loss, intrahepatic biliary and pancreatic duct dilation, double-duct sign and presence of a mass were associated with malignancy in the univariate analysis. However, only older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00 to 1.03), jaundice (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.11 to 9.98) and presence of a mass (OR 12.10, 95% CI 4.94 to 29.67) were significantly associated with malignancy in the multivariate analysis. High CA19-9 was associated with malignancy only in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Conclusion
In patients with indeterminate biliary stricture and atypical brush cytology, older age, jaundice and presence of a mass are significant predictors of malignancy. Patients with such characteristics need prompt evaluation to rule out underlying malignancy.
Negative Rapid Serological Tests in an HIV-Infected Infant: A Call for Improved Inpatient Provider-Initiated Testing and Counseling Beginning With Breastfeeding Mothers
Authors: Lisboa Anselmo , Thorp Marguerite , Lambo Luisa , Chaúque Sílvia , Elias Beatriz , Domingos Celina , Macassa Eugénia , Buck W Chris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rapid serological tests are unreliable for the diagnosis of HIV exposure and infection in infants. This case reports an HIV-infected infant with a delayed diagnosis due to multiple negative serological tests, highlighting the importance of maternal testing for provider-initiated testing and counseling in hospitalized infants.
Arguing with Digital History: Patterns of Historical Interpretation
Authors: Robertson Stephen , Mullen Lincoln 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Digital history has only rarely created interpretative or argumentative scholarship that contributes back to disciplinary understandings of the past. The reasons for this are varied: digital historians have often preferred to create scholarship for public audiences, or they have pursued forms of scholarship which do not lend themselves to explicit interpretation. But we contend that digital historians have not had sufficient models of patterns of historical argumentation compatible with digital historical research. In this introduction, we read the articles by Rachel Midura and Leonardo Barleta that appear in this special section, and a series of other articles, in order to show the patterns of historical argumentation that digital historians can pursue. A companion website features versions of the articles by Midura and Barleta, as well as eight additional previously published articles, annotated by their authors to highlight how they developed their historical arguments so they can serve as models for argumentative digital history.
Questionnaire Complexity, Rest Period, and Response Likelihood in Establishment Surveys
Authors: Rodhouse Joseph , Wilson Tyler , Ridolfo Heather 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResponse burden has been a concern in survey research for some time. One area of concern is the negative impact that response burden can have on response rates. In an effort to mitigate negative impacts on response rates, survey research organizations try to minimize the burden respondents are exposed to and maximize the likelihood of response. Many organizations also try to be mindful of the role burden may play in respondents’ likelihood to participate in future surveys by implementing rest periods or survey holidays. Recently, new evidence from a study of cross-sectional household surveys provided an interesting lens to examine burden. The evidence demonstrated that those sampled in two independent surveys are more likely to respond to the second survey if the first survey was more difficult to complete, and that this effect was not significantly influenced by the rest period in between the two surveys. These findings are compelling, and since the mechanisms influencing response in household and establishment surveys differ in important ways, a similar examination in an establishment survey context is warranted. To accomplish this, data are used from the National Agricultural Statistics Service. Overall, our research finds that prior survey features such as questionnaire complexity (or burden), prior response disposition and rest period are significantly associated with response to subsequent surveys. We also find that sample units first receiving a more complex questionnaire have significantly higher probabilities of response to a subsequent survey than do those receiving a simpler questionnaire first. The findings in this paper have implications for nonresponse adjustments and identification of subgroups for adaptive design data collection.
Stat Laboratory Interventions to Improve Patient Management in the Emergency Department and Resource Expenditure: A 10-Year Study
Authors: Salinas Maria , Flores Emilio , López Garrigós Maite , Blasco Alvaro , Diaz Elena , Leiva-Salinas Carlos 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
To illustrate the changes in stat laboratory procedures over a 10 year period.

Materials and Methods
We implemented 5 different interventions: reporting total bilirubin through the icteric index, replacing total proteins for albumin, reporting albumin-adjusted calcium in hyper- or hypocalcemia, using lipase as a first marker and amylase-selected scenario, and measuring magnesium in hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, or high lipase values.

Results
Only 9.9% of total bilirubin that was requested was measured, which resulted in savings of $22,492.83. There were 30,036 albumin tests measured, and $15,625.18 was saved replacing total protein. There was $41,374.38 spent to measure lipase and amylase; the difference in costs from the lipase establishment was $16,929.62. Finally, $382.30 was spent for magnesium: 717 magnesium levels were measured given hypocalcemia or hypokalemia (42.8% hypomagnesemia), and 123 tests were added because of high lipase (35% hypomagnesemia). Overall, $53,374.15 was saved.

Conclusion
Progressive changes in stat laboratory procedures resulted in more efficient resources expenditures.
Q/F: The Texts of King Lear
Authors: Salkeld Duncan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article argues that dictation in the printing house may account for many of the variants between the 1608 Quarto and the 1623 Folio texts of King Lear. It further argues that the ground-work for this view was established by a series of prior critical studies—including those by Chambers, Greg, Duthie, Walker, and Stone—which shared a belief that the quarto was a reported text. It also proposes that a manuscript very much like F, but without its theatrical cuts, lies behind the Quarto. A long-standing assumption that the Folio version is somehow derived from the Quarto is shown to be unsafe. The implications of this argument are that Shakespeare did not revise King Lear, and that relatively few of the variants in the Quarto can be authorial.
The Library of James Marsh, DD (1593-?1645), with ‘Shackspeers playes’ and ‘Donnes Poem’
Authors: Higgins Ben 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This essay provides a case study of an otherwise-unknown clerical library from the 1640s that includes a copy of a Shakespeare folio alongside a few other literary works, including John Donne's Poems (1633). The essay offers a biography of the library's owner, a sketch of the library as a whole, and concludes by considering the unusual status of the Shakespeare folio in this collection. An appendix transcribes the inventory in which the library is catalogued. In this collection of around 200 books, the Shakespeare folio was the sole book of drama (either vernacular or classical). James Marsh is thus an outlier in what we know about early folio-ownership and the discovery of his library expands our understanding of the contexts in which Shakespeare was owned and read.
Sylvanus Morgan’s Library: Books for an Aspirational Heraldic Painter
Authors: Hughes Frances Rothwell 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article analyses an unpublished manuscript in Cambridge University Library belonging to the arms-painter and author Sylvanus Morgan (1620–1693), which contains two iterations of a library list, one beginning in 1646 and the other in 1653. The notebook also features drafts for Morgan's subsequent publications, indicating the intersection between his reading and writing habits. His library is usually only discussed in relation to that of Robert Boyle, because the remains of both men's libraries were inextricably muddled together in a joint book auction after Morgan's death. Here, the Painter-Stainer's book collection is considered in its own right, showing his (unsuccessful) attempts to elevate the status of heraldic knowledge through reference to contemporary colour theory, astronomy and philosophy. An annotated transcription of Morgan's 1653 list of printed books is included in an appendix.
The Gaia spectrophotometric standard stars survey – V. Preliminary flux tables for the calibration of Gaia DR2 and (E)DR3
Authors: Pancino E , Sanna N , Altavilla G , Marinoni S , Rainer M , Cocozza G , Ragaini S , Galleti S , Bellazzini M , Bragaglia A , Tessicini G , Voss H , Carrasco J M , Jordi C , Harrison D L , De Angeli F , Evans D W , Fanari G 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the flux tables of the spectrophotometric standard stars (SPSS) used to calibrate in flux the Gaia DR2 and (E)DR3 data releases. The latest SPSS grid version contains 112 stars, whose flux tables agree to better than 1 per cent with the CALSPEC spectra of 11 flux standards for the calibration of the Hubble Space Telescope. The synthetic magnitudes computed on the SPSS spectra also agree to better than 1 per cent with the Landolt magnitudes of 37 stars in common. The typical spreads in both comparisons are of the order of 1 per cent. These uncertainties already meet the initial requirements for the Gaia SPSS project, but further improvements are expected in the next SPSS versions, that will be used to calibrate future Gaia releases. We complement the SPSS flux tables with literature spectra of 60 additional stars that did not pass all the criteria to be SPSS, the Passband Validation Library (PVL). The PVL contains stars of extreme spectral types, such as bright O and B stars and late M stars and brown dwarfs, and was useful to investigate systematic effects in the previous Gaia DR2 release and to minimize them in the EDR3 one. The PVL literature spectra are recalibrated as accurately as possible on to the SPSS reference scale, so that the two sets together can be used in a variety of validation and comparison studies.
Les opioïdes par voie orale en remplacement de la codéine pour contrôler la douleur chez les enfants
Authors: Rieder Michael J , Jong Geert ’t 
Published: March 2021

Résumé
La douleur est un problème courant chez les enfants. Des mesures pharmacologiques et non pharmacologiques sont utilisées pour la prendre en charge. Depuis quelques décennies, les opioïdes par voie orale sont populaires pour soulager la douleur modérée à grave. La codéine a longtemps été l’opioïde par voie orale le plus connu pour les enfants. Pour des raisons de sécurité, elle est désormais nettement moins accessible et moins employée. Divers autres opioïdes la remplacent, mais les données sur leur efficacité et leur sécurité sont limitées chez les enfants. L’oxycodone par voie orale emprunte les mêmes voies métaboliques que la codéine, mais sa pharmacocinétique est très variable. Les données sur la sécurité et l’efficacité de l’hydromorphone et du tramadol par voie orale chez les enfants sont également limitées. Lorsqu’on y recourt au lieu de la codéine, la morphine par voie orale est l’opiacé dont la sécurité et l’efficacité sont les mieux démontrées chez les enfants. Des recherches devront être réalisées pour explorer d’autres approches relatives aux médicaments opioïdes et non opioïdes, afin d’orienter les traitements analgésiques fondés sur des données probantes qui soulageront la douleur modérée à grave chez les enfants.
Evolution of Intraplate Alkaline to Tholeiitic Basalts via Interaction Between Carbonated Melt and Lithospheric Mantle
Authors: Wang Ze-Zhou , Liu Sheng-Ao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntraplate basaltic volcanism commonly exhibits wide compositional ranges from silica-undersaturated alkaline basalts to silica-saturated tholeiitic basalts. Possible mechanisms for the compositional transition involve variable degrees of partial melting of a same source, decompression melting at different mantle depths (so-called ‘lid effect’), and melt-peridotite interaction. To discriminate between these mechanisms, here we investigated major-trace elemental and Sr–Nd–Mg–Zn isotopic compositions of a suite of intraplate alkaline and tholeiitic basalts from the Datong volcanic field in eastern China. Specifically, we employed Mg and Zn isotope systematics to assess whether the silica-undersaturated melts originated from a carbonated mantle source. The alkaline basalts have young HIMU-like Sr and Nd isotopic compositions, lower δ26Mg (-0·42‰ to -0·38‰) and higher δ66Zn (0·40‰ to 0·46‰) values relative to the mantle. These characteristics were attributable to an asthenospheric mantle source hybridized by carbonated melts derived from the stagnant Pacific slab in the mantle transition zone. From alkaline to tholeiitic basalts, δ26Mg gradually increases from -0·42‰ to -0·28‰ and δ66Zn decreases from 0·46‰ to 0·28‰ with decreasing alkalinity and incompatible trace element abundances (e.g. Rb, Nb, Th and Zr). The Mg and Zn isotopic variations are significantly beyond the magnitude (&lt;0·1‰) induced by different degrees of fractional crystallization and partial melting of a same mantle source, excluding magmatic differentiation, different degrees of partial melting and the ‘lid effect’ as possible mechanisms accounting for the compositional variations in the Datong basalts. There are strong, near-linear correlations of δ26Mg and δ66Zn with 87Sr/86Sr (R2=0·75 − 0·81) and 143Nd/144Nd (R2=0·83 − 0·90), suggesting an additional source for the Datong basalts. This source is characterized by pristine mantle-like δ26Mg and δ66Zn values as well as EM1-like Sr–Nd isotopic ratios, pointing towards a metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). Isotope mixing models show that mingling between alkaline basaltic melts and partial melts from the SCLM imparts all the above correlations, which means that the SCLM must have been partially melted during melt-SCLM reaction. Our results underline that interaction between carbonated silica-undersaturated basaltic melts and the SCLM acts as one of major processes leading to the compositional diversity in intracontinental basaltic volcanism.
Partisan Bias in Bipartisan Places?
Authors: Guay Brian , Lopez Jesse 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An extensive literature examines how partisanship divides public opinion on hot-button political issues, but little is known about its potential to polarize attitudes on bipartisan issues. Recent work shows that while Americans hold strong preferences for bipartisanship, their attitudes toward bipartisan issues quickly become polarized when associated with partisan identities. While prior research has examined the effect of these associations in lab settings, tests outside the lab are far more rare. In this research note, we aim to provide such a test by leveraging a bipartisan issue that became associated with partisan identities suddenly in 2018: the presidential alert. While the presidential alert—a product of bipartisan efforts to improve the government's capacity to send emergency communications in the wake of Hurricane Katrina—received little notice when signed into law, it gained widespread media attention during its inaugural test in 2018. We rapidly recruited a sample of US adults immediately before the alert was sent, such that participants in our study received the alert on their phones while completing a survey. We exploited the timing of the alert to randomize whether respondents answered questions about the alert moments before or after receiving it. Across two experiments we find little evidence that associating the alert with the Trump administration had any polarizing effect on attitudes, even when explicitly associated with a partisan cue, suggesting that at least some bipartisan attitudes are not as easily polarized as prior work implies.
Heel Rise and Non–Weight-Bearing Ankle Plantar Flexion Tasks to Assess Foot and Ankle Function in People With Diabetes Mellitus and Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Jeong Hyo-Jung , Mueller Michael J , Zellers Jennifer A , Yan Yan , Hastings Mary K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy (DMPN), limited joint mobility, and weight-bearing on foot and ankle sagittal movements and characterize the foot and ankle position during heel rise.

Methods
Sixty people with DMPN and 22 controls participated. Primary outcomes were foot (forefoot on hindfoot) and ankle (hindfoot on shank) plantar-flexion/dorsiflexion angle during 3 tasks: unilateral heel rise, bilateral heel rise, and non–weight-bearing ankle plantar flexion. A repeated-measures analysis of variance and Fisher exact test were used.

Results
Main effects of task and group were significant, but not the interaction in both foot and ankle plantar flexion. Foot and ankle plantar flexion were less in people with DMPN compared with controls in all tasks. Both DMPN and control groups had significantly less foot and ankle plantar flexion with greater weight-bearing; however, the linear trend across tasks was similar between groups. The DMPN group had a greater percentage of individuals in foot and/or ankle dorsiflexion at peak unilateral heel rise compared with controls, but the foot and ankle position was similar at peak bilateral heel rise between DMPN and control groups.

Conclusion
Foot and ankle plantar flexion is less in people with DMPN. Less plantar flexion in non–weight-bearing suggests that people with DMPN have limited joint mobility. However, peak unilateral and bilateral heel rise is less than the available plantar flexion range of motion measured in non–weight-bearing, indicating that limited joint mobility does not limit heel rise performance. A higher frequency of people with DMPN are in foot and ankle dorsiflexion at peak unilateral heel rise compared with controls, but the position improved with lower weight-bearing.

Impact
Proper resistance should be considered with physical therapist interventions utilizing heel rise because foot and ankle plantar flexion position could be improved by reducing the amount of weight-bearing.