bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Different Fly Ash and Vanadium Carbide Contents on the Various Properties of Hypereutectic Al-si Alloys-Based Hybrid Nanocomposites
Authors: AbuShanab Waheed , Moustafa Essam , Ghandourahc E. , Taha Mohammed A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recently, the attention of scientists has been devoted to improving the various properties of aluminum alloys such as strength, elastic modulus, and wear and corrosion. In this respect, the preparation of hybrid nanocomposites containing two ceramic reinforcements is a promising strategy for enhancing the aformentioned properties for use in various industrial applications. Therefore, powder metallurgy technique was used to manufacture hybrid nanocomposites from Al-Si matrix reinforced with different weight percentages of vanadium carbide (VC) and fly ash (FA) particles. Then, the prepared powders' microstructure and particle size distributions were examined by SEM technique and diffraction particle size analyzer. The prepared powders were sintered in an argon atmosphere and subsequently, their physical, elastic and mechanical properties, and wear and corrosion behavior were measured. The results showed that the addition of 10 wt.% VC and 10 wt.% FA nanoparticles resulted in a decrease in Al-Si alloy particle sizes up to 47.8 nm and improved microhardness yield, strength, and Young’s modulus to 161, 145 and 64%, respectively. Also, it remarkably decreased the rate of wear and corrosion to 40 and 67%, respectively.
Molecular characterization of a novel mycovirus isolated from Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA 9-11
Authors: Sun Yang , Li Yan qiong , Dong Wen han , Sun Ai li , Chen Ning wei , Zhao Zi fang , Li Yong qing , Yang Gen hua , Li Cheng yun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The complete genome of the dsRNA virus isolated from Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA 9–11 (designated as Rhizoctonia solani dsRNA virus 11, RsRV11 ) were determined. The RsRV11 genome was 9,555 bp in length, contained three conserved domains, SMC, PRK and RT-like super family, and encoded two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 potentially coded for a 204.12 kDa predicted protein, which shared low but significant amino acid sequence identities with the putative protein encoded by Rhizoctonia solani RNA virus HN008 (RsRV-HN008) ORF1. ORF2 potentially coded for a 132.41 kDa protein which contained the conserved motifs of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that RsRV11 was clustered with RsRV-HN008 in a separate clade independent of other virus families. It implies that RsRV11, along with RsRV-HN008 possibly a new fungal virus taxa closed to the family Megabirnaviridae, and RsRV11 is a new member of mycoviruses.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of global food security projections to 2050
Authors: Dijk Michiel van , Morley Tom , Rau Marie Luise , Saghai Yashar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ending hunger and achieving food security - one of the UN sustainable development goals - is a major global challenge. To inform the policy debate, quantified global scenarios and projections are used to assess long-term future global food security under a range of socio-economic and climate change scenarios. However, due to differences in model design and scenario assumptions, there is uncertainty about the range of food security projections and outcomes. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to assess the range of future global food security projections to 2050. We reviewed 57 global food security projection and quantitative scenario studies that have been published over the last two decades and discussed the methodology, underlying drivers, indicators and projections. We harvested quantitative information from 26 studies to compare future trends of the two most used global food security indicators: per capita food demand (593 projections) and population at risk of hunger (358 projections). We found that across five representative scenarios that span divergent but plausible socio-economic futures total global food demand is expected to increase by +35% to +56% between 2010 and 2050, while population at risk of hunger is expected to change by -91% to +8% over the same period. If climate change is taken into account the range changes slightly (+30% to +62% for total food demand and -91% to +30% for population at risk of hunger) but overall we do not find statistical support for differences in projections with and without climate change. Finally, our review suggests that current modeling approaches can be improved by better incorporating several options that have been proposed to tackle global food security, in particular aquaculture and ‘future foods’, and expand the number of indicators to better cover the multiple dimensions of food security. The results of our review can be used to benchmark new global food security projections and quantitative scenario studies and inform policy analysis and the public debate on the future of food.
Spontaneous Dynamical Disordering of Borophenes in MgB2 and Related Metal Borides
Authors: Li Sichi , Gunda Harini , Ray Keith , Wong Chun-Shang , Xiao Penghao , Friddle Raymond , Liu Yi-Sheng , Kang ShinYoung , Sugar Joshua , Kolasinski Robert , Wan Liwen , Baker Alexander , Lee Jonathan , Jasuja Kabeer , Allendorf Mark , Stavila Vitalie , Wood Brandon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Layered boron compounds have attracted significant interest in applications from energy storage to electronic materials to device applications, owing in part to a diversity of surface properties tied to specific arrangements of boron atoms. Here, first-principles calculations coupled with global optimization are performed to explore the energy land scape for surface atomic configurations of MgB2, a prototypical layered metal diboride. We demonstrate, that contrary to previous assumptions, multiple reconstructions are thermodynamically preferred and kinetically accessible within the exposed B surfaces in MgB2, and other layered metal diborides. Such a dynamic environment and intrinsic disordering of the B surface atoms in metal borides presents new opportunities to realize a diverse set of 2D boron structures. We validated the predicted dynamic surface disordering by characterizing exfoliated boron-terminated MgB2 nanosheets. Application-relevant implications are discussed, with a particular view towards understanding the impact of boron surface heterogeneity on hydrogen storage performance.
Measuring the Effects of Nurse-Practitioner (NP)-Led Care on Depression and Anxiety Levels in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Smyth Penelope , Watson Kaitlyn E , Tsuyuki Ross T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Canada has one of the highest rates of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the world. Treatments and supports for people with MS (PwMS) have become increasingly complex, requiring individualized and adaptive care. Specialized NPs provide advanced skills to those with complex medical conditions, with potential to enhance the health, functioning and quality of life for PwMS. This study aims to determine the effect of Nurse Practitioners (NPs) on depression and anxiety levels in PwMS.
Methods

We will perform a parallel randomized controlled trial. PwMS who are followed by general private-practice neurologists will be randomly assigned to the intervention group (NP-led care) or the ‘usual care’ control group (general neurologist or family physician and registered nurse support). In the intervention group, the NP will assess and provide care to the MS patient and their caregiver at a baseline visit, with 3-month and 6-month follow-up visits. PwMS in the control group will receive usual care provided by their community neurologists or family physicians with the standard assistance provided by registered nurses experienced in MS care. The primary outcome will be the difference in change in the patient’s anxiety and depression scores as measured by the validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire at 3 months. Secondary outcomes will include difference in change in HADS at 6 months; Modified Fatigue Impact Scale scores (MSIF) at 3 and 6 months; EQ-5D scores at 3 and 6 months; caregiver health-related quality of life in MS measures (CAREQOL-MS) at 3 and 6 months; number of visits and phone calls to health-care professionals recorded by patient, and satisfaction with NP-led care vs usual care measured by the validated Consultant Satisfaction Questionnaire.
Discussion

Findings from this study will contribute to exploring benefits of advanced nursing practitioner interventions for PwMS followed by general neurologists and family physicians in a community setting. It will provide evidence of the benefits of NP-led care for PwMS and offer an alternative healthcare resource for management of MS.
Trial Registration:

Retrospectively registered June 26, 2020 at ClinicalTrials.gov (Unique protocol ID:Pro00069595);url: https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S0009VEL&selectaction=Edit&uid=U00053N2&ts=4&cx=5oyfdk
Protocol version:
January 2017, version 1
Fistulotomy versus standard cannulation as the primary technique for all patients undergoing ERCP with a native papilla: A protocol for a single centre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hookey Lawrence , Rai Mandip , Bechara Robert 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an indispensable procedure for the management of pancreaticobiliary diseases. Post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is the most common serious adverse event. One risk factor of PEP is difficulty achieving biliary access. The conventional ERCP technique involves the cannulation of the bile duct via the ampulla of Vater, followed by sphincter incision using electrocautery. Conventionally if the standard method fails then precut techniques have been utilized as an alternative means of gaining biliary access. The needle-knife fistulotomy (NKF) technique involves identifying the intra-duodenal segment of the bile duct and uses a needle knife to incise directly into the bile duct. This is done above and away from the natural office, thus minimizing thermal damage which may result in PEP. Our recent prospective study of 50 patients demonstrated the safety and feasibility of the NKF precut technique as a primary means of gaining biliary access. The next step is to conduct a randomized-controlled trial to compare the efficacy and safety of initial NKF to the standard cannulation in a non-selective patient population undergoing ERCP.Methods A randomized control trial of 538 consecutive, non-selective patients with pancreatoticobiliary disease undergoing ERCP at a tertiary care centre in Kingston, Ontario, Canada will be conducted. Patients will be randomized to one of two treatment groups, standard cannulation or NKF. The primary outcome of the study will be the incidence of PEP. Secondary outcomes will include rate of successful cannulation of the CBD, time to successful cannulation, total procedure time, difficulty of cannulation and incidence of complications. Discussion This RCT will yield important answers regarding the efficacy and safety of initial NKF to the standard cannulaton in a non-selective patient population undergoing ERCP. The results of our study could alter ERCP practices and outcomes if NKF is shown to reduce PEP risk.Trial Registration This trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04559867) on September 23, 2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04559867?term=bechara&draw=2&rank=2
Comparative Study on Ginger Supplement and Aerobic Exercise on Primary Dysmenorrhea: the Case of Debre Markos University Students, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Kinde Dagnanesh , Tolasa Edosa Jabesa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Primary dysmenorrhoea is a chronic cyclical pelvic pain associated with menstruation in the absence of an identifiable pathological condition. Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common complaints of gynecological problem worldwide among young females. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 week ginger supplement and aerobic exercise on primary dysmenorrhea the case of DebreMarkos university students.Methods Forty (40) female students who had the history of primary dysmenorrhea aged between 19–22 years from departments of sport science and stastics students in Debre Markos University were selected by using purposive sampling technique. The selected subjects were divided into aerobic group (20) and ginger supplement group (20). Ginger supplement group consumed ginger tea for five days per week with once a day and aerobic group underwent aerobic exercise three days a week with in 60 minutes for 12 weeks. Pre and post test was conducted on variables such as VAS, MSQ and BMI. The data collected from subjects were analyzed by SPSS version 20.0 and the comparison of mean value results were carried out by paired sample t-test. The level of significance was p ≤ 0.05%. Result The finding of the present study indicates that MSQ test from pre to post test showed positive significant change for ginger supplement group. Also VAS pre to post test showed significant change (MD,0.900) for aerobic group and (MD,1.600) for ginger supplement group and BMI pre to post test showed (MD,0.725) for aerobic group and (MD, 0.642) for ginger supplement group. The result of the study showed that ginger group was more significant change than aerobic group in menstrual symptom questionnaires.Conclusion It was concluded that 12 week ginger supplement and aerobic exercise had positive effect on primary dysmenorrhea to reduce pain during menstruation.
Temporary dependency of parameter sensitivity for different flood types
Authors: Pan Suli , Xu Yue-Ping , Gu Haiting , Bai Zhixu , Xuan Weidong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hydrological and climatic data at finer temporal resolutions are considered essential to model hydrological processes, especially for short duration flood events. Parameter transferability is an essential approach to obtain sub-daily hydrological simulations at many regions without sub-daily data. In this study, the objective is to investigate temporary dependency of parameter sensitivity for different flood types, which contributes to research into parameter transferability. This study is conducted in a medium-sized basin using a distributed hydrological model, DHSVM. Thirty-six flood events in the period of 04/12/2006–07/01/2013 in the Jinhua River basin, China, are classified into three flood types (FF: flash flood, SRF: short rainfall flood and LRF: long rainfall flood) by using the fuzzy decision tree method. The results show that SRF is the dominant flood type in the study area, followed by LRF and FF. Runoff simulations of FF and SRF are more sensitive to parameter perturbations than those of LRF. Sensitive parameters are highly dependent on temporal resolutions. The temporary dependency of LRF is the highest, followed by SRF and FF. More attention should be payed to sensitive and highly temporal dependent parameters in a subsequent parameter transfer process. Further study into this result is required to test the applicability.
The potential of FFNN and MLP-FFA approaches in prediction of Manning coefficient in ripple and dune bedforms
Authors: Abdi Vahid , Saghebian Seyed Mahdi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An accurate prediction of roughness coefficient is of substantial importance for river management. The current study applies two artificial intelligence methods namely; Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) and Multilayer Perceptron Firefly Algorithm (MLP-FFA) to predict the Manning roughness coefficient in channels with dune and ripple bedforms. In this regard, based on the flow and sediment particles properties various models were developed and tested using some available experimental data sets. The obtained results showed that the applied methods had high efficiency in the Manning coefficient modeling. It was found that both flow and sediment properties were effective in modeling process. Sensitivity analysis proved that the Reynolds number plays a key role in the modeling of channel resistance with dune bedform and Froude number and the ratio of the hydraulic radius to the median grain diameter play key roles in the modeling of channel resistance with ripple bedform. Furthermore, for assessing the best-applied model dependability, uncertainty analysis was performed and obtained results showed an allowable degree of uncertainty for the MLP-FFA model in roughness coefficient modeling.
Digital Information Technology Use, Self-Rated Health, and Depression: Population-Based Analysis of a Survey Study on Older Migrants
Authors: Kouvonen Anne , Kemppainen Laura , Ketonen Eeva-Leena , Kemppainen Teemu , Olakivi Antero , Wrede Sirpa 
Published: May 2021

Background
Previous studies have found that in general, poor health is associated with a lower likelihood of internet use in older adults, but it is not well known how different indicators of health are associated with different types of digital information technology (DIT) use. Moreover, little is known about the relationship between health and the types of DIT use in older ethnic minority and migrant populations.

Objective
The aim of this study is to examine the associations among depressive symptoms and self-rated health (SRH) with different dimensions of DIT use in older migrants.

Methods
We analyzed data from the Care, Health and Ageing of Russian-speaking Minority (CHARM) study, which is based on a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling, Russian-speaking adults aged 50 years or older residing permanently in Finland (men: 616/1082, 56.93%; age: mean 63.2 years, SD 8.4 years; response rate: 1082/3000, 36.07%). Data were collected in 2019 using a postal survey. Health was measured using depressive symptoms (measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and SRH. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between the two health indicators and the following six outcomes: daily internet use, smartphone ownership, the use of the internet for messages and calls, social media use, the use of the internet for personal health data, and obtaining health information from the internet. A number of sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors were controlled for in the logistic regression regression analysis. Analyses were performed with weights accounting for the survey design and nonresponse.

Results
After adjusting for sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 2.68, 95% CI 1.37-5.24; P=.004) and poor SRH (OR 7.90, 95% CI 1.88-33.11; P=.005) were associated with a higher likelihood of not using the internet daily. Depressive symptoms (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.06-3.35; P=.03) and poor SRH (OR 5.05, 95% CI 1.58-16.19; P=.006) also increased the likelihood of smartphone nonuse. Depressive symptoms were additionally associated with a lower likelihood of social media use, and poor SRH was associated with a lower likelihood of using the internet for messaging and calling.

Conclusions
Poor SRH and depressive symptoms are associated with a lower likelihood of DIT use in older adults. Longitudinal studies are required to determine the directions of these relationships.
Agent-Oriented Goal Models in Developing Information Systems Supporting Physical Activity Among Adolescents: Literature Review and Expert Interviews
Authors: Mooses Kerli , Taveter Kuldar 
Published: May 2021

Background
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are becoming increasingly popular in supporting the fight against low physical activity (PA) levels among adolescents. However, several ICT solutions lack evidence-based content. Therefore, there is a need to identify important features that have the potential to efficiently and consistently support the PA of adolescents using ICT solutions.

Objective
This study aims to create evidence-based models of requirements for ICT solutions supporting PA by combining scientific evidence from literature and health experts. In addition, we test the suitability of agent-oriented goal models in this type of modeling process.

Methods
A literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was conducted to identify evidence-based functional, quality, and emotional goals that have previously been proven to be relevant in supporting PAs among youth using ICT solutions. The identified goals were presented in the form of goal models. These models were used to collaborate with health experts to receive their input on the topic and suggestions for improvement. The initial goal models were improved based on the feedback from the experts.

Results
The results indicated that agent-oriented goal modeling is a suitable method for merging information from the literature and experts. One strength of agent-oriented goal models is that they present emotional requirements together with quality and functional requirements. Another strength is the possibility of presenting results from a literature review in a systematic manner and using them thereafter in the communication process with stakeholders. Agent-oriented goal models that were created were easy to understand for health experts without previous experience in requirements engineering, which facilitates and supports collaboration with nontechnical stakeholders.

Conclusions
The proposed agent-oriented goal models effectively merged information from scientific literature and experts in the field and presented early functional, quality, and emotional requirements in a holistic and coherent manner. We believe that the created models have high potential to help requirements engineers and developers to provide more efficient ICT solutions that support PA among adolescents in the future.
A linguagem fantástica em “Coisas” – a rebelião necessária
Authors: Siqueira Ana Marcia Alves 
Published: May 2021

A partir da concepção de que o recurso ao fantástico constitui uma estratégia de questionamento dialético da realidade com vistas à reflexão, o trabalho discute a arquitetura da linguagem fantástica e seus efeitos significativos na construção do conto “Coisas”, de José Saramago. A análise de artifícios estéticos presentes no conto, como o insólito e o absurdo, objetiva evidenciar a presença de métodos de violência e perseguição característicos da ditadura salazarista materializados na opressão mesquinha e embrutecedora da sociedade capitalista que tudo transforma em objetos comerciáveis. Em suma, o recurso fantástico empreendido por Saramago oferece uma interessante possibilidade de leitura da relação entre a tensão significativa do signo, aflorada pelo recurso fantástico, e o entre-lugar ocupado por objetos e pessoas na sociedade portuguesa pós-Estado Novo, funcionando como uma ruptura crítica de ressignificação da realidade com vistas a criar outra mais lírica e humana.---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/abriluff.2018n20a476
O fio da memória na ficção de Francisco José Viegas
Authors: Franco Adenize Aparecida 
Published: May 2021

Este artigo apresenta, com base na análise do romance português contemporâneo Lourenço Marques (2002), de Francisco José Viegas, algumas considerações a respeito da constituição da memória e das identidades configuradas no contexto pós-colonial que atingiu a África de língua portuguesa e pós-Revolução dos Cravos, em Portugal. Destaca-se, num primeiro momento, a verificação e catalogação de romances contemporâneos publicados em língua portuguesa nas duas últimas décadas e que estabelecem relações com a memória histórica recente de países mantidos em regimes totalitários. Subsequentemente realiza-se a análise do romance Lourenço Marques enquanto narrativa que configura tais elementos.---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/abriluff.2018n20a438