bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue stiffness in BPH patients from magnetic resonance elastography
Authors: Aphinives Chalida , Kiatsayompoo Watcharaphon , Eurboonyanun Kulyada , Twinprai Prin , Jaruchainiwat Saranya 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundBPH is commonly found in older men which can lead to lower urinary tract symptoms. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an innovative, noninvasive imaging technique used to evaluate tissue stiffness. There has not been any study, however, that assessed the tissue stiffness in patients with BPH. A prospective descriptive study was performed to demonstrated MRI and MRE techniques of the prostate gland in ten patients with BPH to assess tissue stiffness, features of BPH on MRI and components of BPH in the area of increased stiffness.ResultsMRI and MRE examinations in all patients were successful without any complications. The mean tissue stiffness of the whole prostate gland was 4.40 ± 0.71 kPa with good reproducibility (ICC 0.82). Stromal components and mixed glandular-stromal components tended to be associated with the areas of increased stiffness on stiffness images, 50.6% for stromal components and 37.9% for mixed glandular-stromal components. Some MRI findings were seen on the patients with high mean stiffness values such as prostatic calcification, type-5 BPH pattern and large prostate volumes.ConclusionsProstate MRE is a useful noninvasive reproducible diagnostic tool for evaluating prostate tissue stiffness by both qualitative and quantitative assessments. The mean prostate tissue stiffness from MRE in patients with BPH in this study was 4.40 ± 0.71 kPa. Some MRI features might be associated with increased tissue stiffness.Trial registration: PID 229. Registered 4 October 2019.http://md.redcap.kku.ac.th
What the psychiatrist needs to know about the coroner's court in England and Wales
Authors: van Dellen Anton , Harris Andrew , Merryweather James , Simsek Ceylan , Pendlebury Gabrielle 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYIt is highly likely that a psychiatrist will be called to an inquest at some point in their career. Our aim in this article is to educate psychiatrists in relation to the law and processes of a coroner's court in England and Wales and provide guidance on engaging with the system. To achieve this we review and discuss the relevant law and medico-legal aspects of inquests. Knowledge and preparation are key to negotiating any inquest and we would hope that the understanding and guidance offered in this article will reduce anxiety, make the situation manageable and aid professionalism, in often tragic circumstances.
Therapy for Diffuse Astrocytic and Oligodendroglial Tumors in Adults: ASCO-SNO Guideline
Authors: Mohile Nimish A. , Messersmith Hans , Gatson Na Tosha , Hottinger Andreas F. , Lassman Andrew , Morton Jordan , Ney Douglas , Nghiemphu Phioanh Leia , Olar Adriana , Olson Jeffery , Perry James , Portnow Jana , Schiff David , Shannon Anne , Shih Helen A. , Strowd Roy , van den Bent Martin , Ziu Mateo , Blakeley Jaishri 
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE To provide guidance to clinicians regarding therapy for diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors in adults. METHODS ASCO and the Society for Neuro-Oncology convened an Expert Panel and conducted a systematic review of the literature. RESULTS Fifty-nine randomized trials focusing on therapeutic management were identified. RECOMMENDATIONS Adults with newly diagnosed oligodendroglioma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)–mutant, 1p19q codeleted CNS WHO grade 2 and 3 should be offered radiation therapy (RT) and procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV). Temozolomide (TMZ) is a reasonable alternative for patients who may not tolerate PCV, but no high-level evidence supports upfront TMZ in this setting. People with newly diagnosed astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, 1p19q non-codeleted CNS WHO grade 2 should be offered RT with adjuvant chemotherapy (TMZ or PCV). People with astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, 1p19q non-codeleted CNS WHO grade 3 should be offered RT and adjuvant TMZ. People with astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, CNS WHO grade 4 may follow recommendations for either astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, 1p19q non-codeleted CNS WHO grade 3 or glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, CNS WHO grade 4. Concurrent TMZ and RT should be offered to patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, CNS WHO grade 4 followed by 6 months of adjuvant TMZ. Alternating electric field therapy, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, should be considered for these patients. Bevacizumab is not recommended. In situations in which the benefits of 6-week RT plus TMZ may not outweigh the harms, hypofractionated RT plus TMZ is reasonable. In patients age ≥ 60 to ≥ 70 years, with poor performance status or for whom toxicity or prognosis are concerns, best supportive care alone, RT alone (for MGMT promoter unmethylated tumors), or TMZ alone (for MGMT promoter methylated tumors) are reasonable treatment options. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/neurooncology-guidelines .
Landscape and Clonal Dominance of Co-occurring Genomic Alterations in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Harboring MET Exon 14 Skipping
Authors: Le Xiuning , Hong Lingzhi , Hensel Chuck , Chen Rongrong , Kemp Haley , Coleman Niamh , Ciunci Christine A. , Liu Stephen V. , Negrao Marcelo V. , Yen Jennifer , Xia Xuefeng , Scheuenpflug Juergen , Stroh Christopher , Juraeva Dilafruz , Tsao Anne , Hong David , Raymond Victoria , Paik Paul , Zhang Jianjun , Heymach John V. 
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE MET exon 14 skipping alterations ( METex14) comprise a diverse set of actionable oncogene drivers in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recent studies have established the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for this patient population. The landscape of co-occurring genetic alterations in METex14 NSCLC and their potential impact to therapeutic sensitivities has not yet been fully described. MATERIALS AND METHODS METex14 NSCLC cases were collected from three cohorts: the VISION trial, and data sets from Guardant360 and GenePlus. Clinicopathologic characteristics and METex14 mutation sites were analyzed and compared across data sets. Co-occurring genetic alterations and the clonality relationships to METex14 were evaluated. RESULTS Of 40,824 NSCLCs, 692 METex14 cases (1.7%) were identified, including 332 in Guardant360, 188 in VISION, and 172 in GenePlus. The demographics and mutation type and/or sites were similar in the Asian versus Western cohorts. MET amplification, which were found to be associated with sensitivity to MET kinase inhibitors, co-occurs in 7.6%-13.8% of cases, whereas kinase domain secondary mutation of MET co-occurs in 5%-6%. When co-occurring with METex14, EGFR mutations were often identified as the dominant clone (78%, 7 of 9), whereas when co-occurring, METex14 (39%, 7 of 18) and KRAS (44%, 8 of 18) had similar rates of clonal dominance. PIK3CA and PTEN mutations were almost always subclones (89%, 16 of 18) to METex14. Moreover, RET-CCDC6 fusion and EGFR mutation were detected following crizotinib treatment in two patients, suggesting novel mechanisms of resistance. CONCLUSION METex14 mutations frequently co-occur with other potential driver oncogenes with differing patterns of clonal dominance observed among the drivers. This cellular context can provide insights into whether METex14 is acting as a primary oncogenic driver or resistance mechanism and help guide treatment choices.
The Creator Economy: Managing Ecosystem Supply, Revenue Sharing, and Platform Design
Authors: Bhargava Hemant K. 
Published: December 2021

Many digital platforms give users a bundle of goods sourced from numerous creators, generate revenue through consumption of these goods, and motivate creators by sharing of revenue. This paper studies the platform’s design choices and creators’ participation and supply decisions when users’ (viewers’) consumption of goods (content) is financed by third-party advertisers. The model specifies the platform’s scale: number of creators and content supplied and magnitudes of viewers, advertisers, and revenues. I examine how the distribution of creator capabilities affects market concentration among creators and how it can be influenced by platform design. Tools for ad management and analytics are more impactful when the platform has sufficient content and viewers but has low ad demand. Conversely, reducing viewers’ distaste for ads through better matching and timing—which can create win–win–win effects throughout the ecosystem—is important when the platform has strong demand from advertisers. Platform infrastructure improvements that motivate creators to supply more content (e.g., development toolkits) must be chosen carefully to avoid creating higher concentration among a few powerful creators. Investments in first-party content are most consequential when the platform scale is small and when it has greater urgency to attract more viewers. I show that revenue sharing is (only partly) a tug of war between the platform and creators because a moderate sharing formula strengthens the overall ecosystem and profits of all participants. However, revenue-sharing tensions indicate a need to extend the one-rate-for-all creators approach with richer revenue-sharing arrangements that can better accommodate heterogeneity among creators. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, information systems.
Active alignment of receiving beam for coaxial optics in wind sensing coherent Doppler lidar using feedback control based on the processing of heterodyne-detected signal
Authors: Ito Yusuke , Imaki Masaharu , Tanaka Hisamichi , Hagio Masahiro , Inokuchi Hamaki , Kameyama Shumpei 
Published: December 2021

We have developed an active alignment of receiving beam (AARB) function for coaxial optics in wind sensing coherent Doppler lidar using feedback control based on the heterodyne-detected signal processing of backscattered light from the aerosols. The proposed method needs only the simple alignment components and contributes to the robustness for the coherent lidars with the high-power laser transmitter under the risky condition of misalignment, for example, in the airborne application. The concept, design, and evaluation results of the alignment precision are shown. The effect of the AARB is demonstrated for both cases of the hard target and soft target (i.e., wind sensing). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the AARB concept for the wind sensing coherent lidar.
Room temperature photon-counting lidar at 3  µm
Authors: Widarsson Max , Henriksson Markus , Barrett Laura , Pasiskevicius Valdas , Laurell Fredrik 
Published: December 2021

A midinfrared single-photon-counting lidar at 3 µm is presented. The 3 µm photons were upconverted to 790 nm in a periodically poled rubidium-doped

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crystal through intracavity mixing inside a 1064 nm

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laser and detected using a conventional silicon single-photon avalanche detector (SPAD). The lidar system could distinguish 1 mm deep features on a diffusely reflecting target, limited by the SPAD and time-tagging electronics. This technique could easily be extended to longer wavelengths within the transparency of the nonlinear crystal.
Distributed Brillouin fiber laser sensor
Authors: Murray Joseph B. , Cerjan Alex , Redding Brandon 
Published: December 2021

Brillouin fiber sensors can provide distributed strain and temperature measurements over long distances in standard off-the-shelf fiber by measuring the Brillouin frequency shift as a function of position along a fiber. The primary drawback of these systems is their limited sensitivity, which results from the challenge in identifying the Brillouin frequency shift to within a small fraction of the Brillouin linewidth. In this work, we introduce a technique that overcomes this fundamental limitation by establishing a series of lasing modes that experience Brillouin amplification at discrete spatial locations in the test fiber. The linewidth narrowing and high intensity associated with the lasing transition enable precise measurements of this lasing frequency. As an initial demonstration, we present a sensor that simultaneously excites 40 lasing modes in a 400 m fiber, providing a measurement of the strain at 40 discrete locations with a spatial resolution of 4 m. Each sensor exhibits a minimum detectable strain as low as

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with a dynamic range of

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. As the first demonstration that Brillouin lasing can be used for distributed fiber sensing, this work establishes an approach that could enable ultrahigh strain sensitivity using off-the-shelf fiber.
How to Read a Suit: A Guide to Changing Men’s Fashion from the 17th to the 20th Century, Lydia Edwards (2020)
Authors: Gavin Lauren 
Published: December 2021

Review of: How to Read a Suit: A Guide to Changing Men’s Fashion from the 17th to the 20th Century, Lydia Edwards (2020)
London: Bloomsbury, 232 pp.,
ISBN: 978-1-35007-116-2, h/bk, £75.00
ACTB and GAPDH appear at multiple SDS-PAGE positions, thus not suitable as reference genes for determining protein loading in techniques like Western blotting
Authors: Zhang Keyin , Zhang Ju , Ding Nan , Zellmer Lucas , Zhao Yan , Liu Siqi , Liao Dezhong Joshua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe performed polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of human proteins with sodium dodecyl sulfate, isolated proteins at multiple positions, and then used liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine the protein identities. Although beta-actin (ACTB) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) are 41.7 and 36 kDa proteins, respectively, LC-MS/MS identified their peptides at all the positions studied. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (USA) database lists only one ACTB mRNA but five GAPDH mRNAs and one noncoding RNA. The five GAPDH mRNAs encode three protein isoforms, while our bioinformatics analysis identified a 17.6 kDa isoform encoded by the noncoding RNA. All LC-MS/MS-identified GAPDH peptides at all positions studied are unique, but some of the identified ACTB peptides are shared by ACTC1, ACTBL2, POTEF, POTEE, POTEI, and POTEJ. ACTC1 and ACTBL2 belong to the ACT family with significant similarities to ACTB in protein sequence, whereas the four POTEs are ACTB-containing chimeric genes with the C-terminus of their proteins highly similar to the ACTB. These data lead us to conclude that GAPDH and ACTB are poor reference genes for determining the protein loading in such techniques as Western blotting, a leading role these two genes have been playing for decades in biomedical research.
Effect of polyurethane/polyvinyl alcohol coating on mechanical properties of polyester harness cord
Authors: Xie Kaifang , Bao Xinjun , Zhou Hengshu , He Bin , Liu Yuegang , Xu Guangbiao , Shen Hua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this article, water-based polyurethane (PU) with different concentrations and partial alcoholysis polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were used to coat polyester (PET) harness cord in turn. The surface and mechanical properties of harness cord before and after coating were evaluated by performing the tests of dynamic contact angle, morphology observation, bending properties, tensile properties, and wearability. It was found that the surface properties of 1.5% PU-coated harness cord tended to be stable, and the mechanical properties of PU(1.5%)/PVA-coated harness cord were optimal. Compared with PVA-coated harness cord, the wearability of PU(1.5%)/PVA-coated harness cord showed a great increment up to 135.7%. This was because the PU coating effectively improved the interfacial properties between the PVA coating and the hydrophobic PET fibers and enhanced the adhesion of the PVA coating to the PET fibers.
Glutathione-loaded non-ionic surfactant niosomes: A new approach to improve oral bioavailability and hepatoprotective efficacy of glutathione
Authors: Aboubakr Esam M. , Mohammed Hamdoon A. , Hassan Abeer S. , Mohamed Hebatallah B. , El Dosoky Mahmoud I. , Ahmad Adel M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA new formulation (niosomes) was prepared to enhance the bioavailability, hepatic tissue uptake, and hepatoprotective activity of glutathione (GSH). The GSH-loaded niosomes (nanoform, N-GSH) were formulated by the thin-film hydration technique using cholesterol/non-ionic surfactants (Span®40, Span®60, and Tween®80) at a componential ratio of 1:1 and 2:1. The hepatoprotective activity of N-GSH, GSH, and the standard silymarin against CCl4-induced liver damage and oxidative stress were tested on the rats’ model. The hepatic morphology and histopathological characters were also investigated. The tissue contents of N-GSH were analysed using a concurrently validated RP-HPLC method. The optimized niosomes, composed of glutathione (500 mg), cholesterol, and Span®60-Tween®80 at a molar ratio of 2:1 of cholesterol/non-ionic surfactant, displaying a particle size of 688.5 ± 14.52 nm, a zeta potential of −26.47 ± 0.158 mV, and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 66 ± 2.8% was selected forin vivotesting. The levels of MDA, NO, SOD, NF-κB, IL-1β, and Bcl-2 were measured. The results demonstrated that hepatic tissue damage was ameliorated using N-GSH as confirmed by the morphological and histopathological examination compared to the CCl4and control groups. The N-GSH significantly (p< 0.05) decreased the elevated levels of hepatic enzymes, oxidative parameters, and inflammatory mediators, as compared to silymarin and GSH. Also, N-GSH significantly (p< 0.05) increased GSH hepatocyte concentrations as compared to the control groups. The present study demonstrated that N-GSH remarkably improved glutathione oral bioavailability and hepatic tissue uptake, thereby introducing a new glutathione formulation to protect hepatic tissue from injury and restore its GSH contents.
In vitro anticancer and antibacterial potentials of selected medicinal plants and isolation and characterization of a natural compound from Withania coagulans
Authors: Aljohny Bassam Oudh , Anwar Yasir , Khan Shahid Ali 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the current study, five different plants, Syzygium Cumini, Fagonia cretica, Acacia modesta, Withania coagulans, and Olea europaea aqueous extracts were prepared and applied against the anticancer and antibacterial activities. It was observed that O. Europaea extract shows the highest anticancer activity with cell viability of 21.5%. All the five plants extract was also used against the inhibition of Bacillus subtilis where O. Europaea extract shows a promising inhibitory activity of 3.2 cm followed by W. coagulans. Furthermore, W. coagulans was subjected to the process of column chromatography as a result a withanolide was isolated. The fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) and high resolution fast atom bombardment (HRFAB-MS) [M + 1] indicated molecular weight at m/z 453 and molecular formula C28H37O5. The UV–Vis. spectrum shows absorbance at 210 nm suggesting the presence of conjugated system, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was recorded to explore the functional groups. Similarly, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy techniques such as 1H, 13C NMR, correlation spectroscopy (COSY-45°), heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC), heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) and Nuclear Overhauser effect Spectroscopy (NOESY) techniques was carried out to determine the unknown natural product. The collective data of all these techniques established the structure of the unknown compound and recognized as a withanolide.
Mikor és hogyan integráljuk az onkológiai és a palliatív ellátást?
Authors: Horváth Orsolya , Földesi Enikő , Hegedűs Katalin 
Published: December 2021

Összefoglaló. A palliatív ellátások korai bevonása az onkológiai
betegek ellátásába előnnyel jár mind a beteg életminősége, mind a kezelés
színvonala, mind a költséghatékonyság szempontjából. Szükség van egy olyan
modellre, mely alapján a megfelelő időben, a megfelelő
beteg a megfelelő minőségű palliatív ellátásban
részesül. Ebben a közleményben a palliatív ellátás korai integrációjának
előnyei, szintjei és a speciális palliatív ellátás fogalmának ismertetése után a
leginkább elterjedt beutalási modellek előnyeit és hátrányait mutatjuk be a
nemzetközi szakirodalom alapján. A speciális palliatív ellátást igénylő betegek
kiszűrésére szolgáló, prognózisalapú modellek hátránya, hogy nincs elég
kapacitás az ilyen módon beutalt nagyszámú beteg ellátására, ezért széles körben
nem terjedtek el. A tüneteken alapuló modellek sokszor bonyolultak és a
mindennapi klinikai gyakorlatban nem használatosak. Az új kutatások alapján
egyszerű, gyakorlatias kérdéssorokat alkalmaznak, melyekkel könnyen kiemelhetők,
akik profitálnak a speciális palliatív intervencióból. Ezek közül a Yale
egyetemi és a PALLIA -10 modellt ismertetjük részletesen. Amennyiben az aktív
onkológiai ellátást végzők a megfelelő palliatív beutalási kritériumokat ismerik
és alkalmazzák, a betegek időben jutnak a megfelelő komplex kezeléshez anélkül,
hogy a palliatív ellátórendszer túlterhelődne. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(44):
1769–1775.
Summary. Early integration of palliative care into the trajectory of
cancer care brings advantages into the patients’ quality of life, the level of
care and cost-efficiency, too. On the basis of a predefined model, the
right patient may receive the right level of palliative
care at the right time. Having defined the advantages, the levels
of early integration of palliative care and the concept of special palliative
care, we also aim to describe the advantages and disadvantages of the most
common referral models on the basis of international literature in this article.
The drawback of prognosis-based models to identify patients needing special
palliative care is the lack of capacity to provide care for the large number of
patients so recognised; therefore they have not become widespread. Needs-based
models tend to be complicated and thus rarely applied in everyday clinical
practice. On the basis of new researches, simple, pragmatic questionnaires are
utilised through which the patients who could benefit from special palliative
care interventions are easy to identify. Here we give a detailed report of the
Yale University and PALLIA-10 models. On condition that appropriate palliative
referral criteria are known and applied by active oncology care providers,
patients may receive adequate complex care without the palliative care system
being overloaded. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(44): 1769–1775.