bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Pump Discharge and Operational Cost of Polder System: Case Study of Pekalongan Regency
Authors: Susanto Deddy , Wahyudi Slamet Imam , Niam M Faiqun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The coastal area in Pekalongan has a big problem of flood that is caused by rain and tidal flood. To overcome the situation, in 2018-2019, a drainage with polder system has been built at Mrican-Wonokerto area, Pekalongan Regency, equipped with the 5 km embankment and long storage. The aim of this study was to acquire correlation model between pump discharge and fuel oil consumption of Mrican-Wonokerto Polder System and to conduct simulation of operational cost from the fuel oil to the electricity provided by PLN. The method used is quantitative method with daily data in the form of pump operation record of Silempeng and Sengkarang pump houses. The analysis results indicated that the equation of the relation between the pumping volume capacity (X) (in m3) and fuel oil consumption (Y) (in liter) of Silempeng and Sengkareng pump house were linear equations. The equations were Y = 0.2509+ 0.0044X with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.928 for Silempeng and Y = 0.5608+0.0035X with r=0.981 for Sengkarang. The equation of relation between the actual pumping volume and and fuel oil consumption during the absent of rain was Y=0.5292+0.0067X with r=0.8328, while the rainy days was Y= 0.6605+0.005X with r=0.8329. The simulation of change from propulsion of diesel pump machine to electric propultion proofed that the change could generate efficiency 45.12% at Silempeng and 30.53% at Sengkarang pump house in the aspect of operational cost. The results of this study are used to a guidance for pump operational financing by the government.
Chloride and Sulphate Removal by Using N-GET System with Additional Filters
Authors: Musa S , Kadir M N Abdul , Zakaria N A , Lau T L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Groundwater is an alternative source of water for human consumption. Groundwater at Research Centre of Soft Soil (RECESS), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) is one of the water sources that available to be used. Unfortunately, it has a high content of chloride and sulphate concentration in which originated from the mineral content in the ground. This research was conducted to identify the effectiveness of the Nature Groundwater Eco-Treatment (N-GET) system that has been designed at RECESS in removing sulphate and chloride concentration as well as pH and turbidity parameter. N-GET system is a natural treatment process without mixing any substances intended to improve the quality of groundwater can give benefits to users. N-GET system in this study uses two treatment tanks in the treatment of groundwater which are aeration tanks, sedimentation tanks, and three sets of filters which were activated carbon filter, Do-It-Yourself (DIY) filter, and ceramic filter. The chloride and sulphate parameters were tested with 12 numbers of the sample while pH and turbidity were tested with 63 numbers of the sample. Using combination with sedimentation and aeration, ceramic filtration were performing better by reducing the pH of the samples by 3.9% towards neutrality and removed 32.6 % of sulphate, 13.1 % turbidity, and 33.0 % of chloride concentration from RECESS groundwater in comparison to an activated carbon filter, Do-It-Yourself (DIY) filter. Then, the effectiveness of each filter based on design flow and types of particle size in the filter. Therefore, the capability of each filter able to remove the specific contaminant as designed need.
Metals contamination on soil and surface water (earth drainage) due to leachate migration from Piyungan land
Authors: Nursetiawan  , Amani N F M K , Shaylinda N M Z , Shahar M S , Mohd-Salleh S N A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Decomposition of solid waste has the possibility of leached its heavy metal content into the leachate. Leachate flows into soil and surface water, causing possible leachate contamination onto the surrounding area. Monitoring of heavy metals contaminant is crucial to control the migration of leachate. This study focusses on the migration of leachate metals from the Piyungan landfill into the surrounding soil area and earth drainage. Triplicate soil and earth drainage samples were taken at ground level for each station to be analysed using the Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Based on metals measurement in soil, there are two paths of leachate migration. Even though the concentrations of As, Ni, Cr and Mn were reduced from the landfill until the downstream, all sampling stations show a high concentration in the soil above the standard limit for a residential area. Besides, these metals also show the concentration above the standard limit for earth drainage. Soil contamination occurred ages ago before this study was conducted based on Cu, Ba, Li, V, Co, and Ti accumulated in soil based on high concentration detected. However, these metals show a low concentration in earth drainage during sampling work was conducted in this study. While Pb, Mg, Zn, Cd and Sr were not migrated due to low concentration in all sampling stations except the station nearest to the landfill area. In general, the metals contamination in soil and earth drainage from the landfill will be tended to the hazardous condition in future. In addition, surrounding the landfill area is a residential area with agricultural activities at downstream. Thus, the effect on residents and plants could contribute to the hazard of metals contamination.
Optimization Disaster Reacting Unit Based on Digital as a Disaster Mitigation on Indonesia National Roads
Authors: Utomo A B , Suryoaji T K , Friatmojo E K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
DRU or Disaster Reacting Unit is a set of construction heavy equipment used for natural disaster mitigation response that affect to national roads and bridges. DRU consists of excavators, motor graders, wheel loaders, vibro rollers, dump trucks, and dozers. Digital-based DRU management using E-peralatan provides many changes compared to conventional methods including less standby time, faster equipment rental ordering time, cost certainty, time certainty, document administration certainty, and process certainty and can be used by anyone, at anytime, anywhere. Based on E-peralatan, the mitigation of natural disasters that require DRU can be carried out on target with a good number of units of equipment needed, location, and shortly time of mobilization to the location.
Effect of the Polypropylene Fibre as Replacement of Filler on Asphaltic Concrete Performance
Authors: Joohari M I , Rosaidi A N Che , Ismail M K , Habulat A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Flexible pavement is extensively used in Malaysia as the construction cost of the pavement is lower compared to the rigid pavement. The uppermost layer of the flexible pavement called surface course, is made from asphalt bituminous mixture. This layer is a flexible layer where it can deform if subjected to great loads. The most popular defect that can be seen in flexible pavement is rutting. This study investigated the effect of Polypropylene (PP) fibre in influencing the behaviour and properties of the bituminous mixture when fully replaced as a filler and to evaluate the compressive strength of it. Marshall Mix Design was first used to obtain the optimum binder content and lastly, the specimens were compressed using Uniaxial Compressive Test machine to obtain its compressive strength. From the study, PP fibre reinforced bituminous mixture increased the compressive strength, the value of Marshall stability and help to reduce the flow. With all the stated effects, Polypropylene is ideal for replacing the conventional filler as it helps to strengthen the pavement layer and thus might be able to help save the maintenance cost for the constant repair of the conventional pavement layer.
Evaluation and Statistical Analysis of HRS-WC Mixture Performance Modified with Tropical Latex
Authors: Setiawan Dian M , Rahmawati Anita , Mubarak Endrian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Marshall characteristics of Hot Rolled Sheet-Wearing Course (HRS-WC) mixed with tropical latex as a substitute of the 60/70 penetration grade asphalt material were studied. The statistical analysis aiming to decide whether the tropical latex as a substitute of the 60/70 penetration grade asphalt material with levels of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% by weight of the asphalt would affect the Marshall performance of HRS-WC was conducted. The suggested content of the tropical latex usage in the HRS-WC mixture was analyzed. The analysis results showed that tropical latex could improve the Marshall characteristics of HRS-WC. However, the extreme percentage of tropical latex could potentially reduce HRS-WC stability. Statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA), under 5% confidence level, latex utilization as substitution of the 60/70 penetration grade asphalt material with contents of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% only affected the flow parameter of HRS-WC mixture, among others Marshall characteristics (density, VMA, VFA, VIM, stability, and Marshall Quotient). Moreover, it is suggested to consider the usage of latex content in the HRS-WC mixture between 1% to 3%, in terms of the 60/70 penetration grade asphalt material substitution.
Geotechnical Characteristics of Soil Stabilised with Waste Steel Dust for Soil Improvement Works
Authors: Hanis Abdullah N H , Hashim N Najihah , Nizam Ismail B , Keria R , Ramli R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper reports on the research carried out onto a kind of waste material from the medication supply industry viz, the waste steel dust. This research focuses on the potential of the waste steel dust as soil stabiliser agent based on strength improvement. Soil stabilisation is conducted to enhance the geotechnical characteristics of the problematic soil, such as marine clay soil. The engineering properties of the marine clay soil has been determined such as particle size distribution, particle density and plasticity of the soil. The soil sample was mixed and compacted with different amount of the waste steel dust i.e. 5%, 10% and 15% for compaction and strength test. Dry weight technique was used to prepare these samples. Standard Proctor Test has been executed to determine the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and Maximum Dry Density (MDD) of the stabilised soil sample. Meanwhile, Unconsolidated Undrained Triaxial Test (UUT) has been done to obtain the undrained cohesion, cu
of the stabilised soil. Findings from this study shows that additional of waste steel dust in the marine clay soil is unbeneficial, because as the content of the waste steel dust increased, the value OMC increased and both of MDD cu
and decreased. Therefore, the waste steel dust alone incapable to become a soil stabiliser agent. However, based on the comparison with previous study, it is found out that the presence of activated agent could potentially increase the performance of the waste steel dust as soil stabilizer. Significant findings from this study would contribute additional literature knowledge related to soil improvement works using waste material.
The Strength Behaviour of Eggshell Powder Substitution on Soil-lime Stabilization
Authors: Diana W , Widianti A , Hartono E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study explored the investigation into enhancing soil strength characteristics using eggshell powder (ESP) as a lime substitution on soil-lime stabilization. The ESP was naturally available while using this material, which could reduce cost and other environmental effects. The influence of varying percentages of eggshell powder as a lime substitution in changes of the strength and durability is observed based on the unconfined compression test conducted on two soil and two lime types (hydrated lime and quicklime). Influence factors were studied, including soil and lime types, ESP content, curing time, and durability against wetting-drying (w-d) cycles. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and the durability values of ESP-stabilized soils decreased, while ESP content increased. However, this value was higher than the unstabilized ones. The ESP substitution on soil-lime stabilization marginally affected the strength and durability of soil-lime stabilization. The UCS increased with the increasing curing period for all specimens. Soils with more clay particles reacted better to both hydrated lime and quicklime. Additionally, strength development occurred in soil-quicklime mixtures more than in soil-hydrated limes. Based on a durability test, it was known that the maximum ESP substitution was 50% from the Optimum Lime Content (OLC); beyond that content, the strength of soil might dramatically be degraded.
Development of Paver Block Containing Recycled Plastic
Authors: Gungat Lillian , Anthony Fulgentius , Mirasa Abdul Karim , Asrah Hidayati , Bolong Nurmin , Ispal Nurul Ariqah , Matlan Siti Jahara 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Disposal of accumulated plastic waste daily is an exigent in solid waste management. Hence, this study investigated the possibility of utilizing plastics waste in paver block fabrication for the pedestrian walkway. The development of paver block containing recycled plastic was started with a trial mix in order to identify the appropriate method for paver block fabrication. Two methods which are heating and compression were observed during the trial mix before proceeding to full scale casting. Compression method was selected in the production of paver block for further test. There were two ratios of cement, sand and soil used in the design mix namely mixture A and mixture B. The plastic content used in each mix were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by weight of sand. Laboratory tests conducted on the specimen were compressive strength, water absorption and skid resistance. Both mixtures were compared in terms of compressive strength in order to select the appropriate ratio. The results showed that mixture B produced higher compressive strength compared to mixture A. Replacement of 5% recycled plastic exhibits the highest compressive strength for mixture B, however for economical consideration the replacement can be utilized up to 30% recycled plastic content. Based on the water absorption test, the recycled plastic increases the water absorption. However, the skid resistance of the paver block was found higher than the requirements. Therefore, paver block made of recycled plastic incorporating locally available material has the potential for use in the construction of pedestrian path.
The Effect of Soil Porosity and Geopolymer Viscosity on Spreading Grouting in Weathered Clay Shale
Authors: Sumiyanto  , Wardani S P R , Munthohar A S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Fly ash geopolymer is a potential material for the stabilisation of clay shale. Therefore, this research determines the effect of soil porosity (n), binder activator ratio (f/a), and geopolymer viscosity on the injected grout volume (Vi
) and soil-grout column of weathered clay shale. The research was carried out using fly ash as a geopolymer binder, dissolved in Na2SiO3 and NaOH(10M) with an activator ratio of 1:1. The binder activator ratios were 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25, with injection applied in the compacted clay shale using three dry densities corresponding to the porosity of 0.42, 0.48, and 0.54. Furthermore, a cylindrical specimen with 46 mm diameter and 100 mm height was used to carry out this test. A hole with a diameter of 12 mm and 80 mm depth was bored at the centre of the specimen to model a fracture grouting method, which was injected with the geopolymer by applying a pressure of 100 kPa for 20 minutes. The research found that the higher the binder activator ratio, the lesser the viscosity obtained; therefore, the grout easily penetrated the pores between the soil particles. As a consequence, more volume of geopolymer could be injected in soil. Binder activator ratio lesser than 0.75 was ineffective for the injection method, and binder activator ration between 1.00 - 1.25 was recommended for the grouting injection method. A new equation to determine the grout diffusion was proposed based on this experiment, as written in the equation

(

R
i

/

R
b

)

n
⋅
f
/
a

=
K

(

V
i

/
π
⋅

R
b
2

⋅
L
)

n
⋅
f
/
a

.
Influence of the cutting material on tool wear, surface roughness, and force components for different cutting speeds in face turning of CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys
Authors: Liborius H , Uhlig T , Clauß B , Nestler A , Lindner T , Schubert A , Wagner G , Lampke T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) provide advanced properties like a high resistance to corrosion and wear. Concerning this and the elevated material costs wear protection layers are a possible field of application. Finish machining of these layers is necessary to achieve adequate surface properties. In the experimental investigations face turning of high-entropy alloy CoCrFeNi layers generated by spark plasma sintering is regarded. In this context, the influence of the cutting material and the cutting speed is analysed. For this, CBN tipped (two types), PCD tipped, CVD diamond tipped, and solid cemented carbide indexable inserts are used. Additionally, the influence of four different cutting speeds in the range between 100 m/min and 400 m/min is analysed. The feed and the depth of cut are kept constant with 0.05 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively. The geometrical surface properties are determined by tactile measurements and 3D laser scanning microscopy. The tool wear is analysed microscopically. Regarding the surface roughness, CBN tipped tools with a high content of boron nitride lead to the best results with the lowest roughness values irrespective of the cutting speed. The tool wear is also significantly reduced compared to the other cutting materials tested. The investigations represent the first results analysing the influence of the cutting material in machining of high-entropy alloys. Hence, this contributes to the enhancement of the field of application of HEAs.
Vacuum brazing and heat treatment of NiTi shape memory alloys
Authors: Tillmann W , Eilers A , Henning T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The pseudoelasticity of NiTi shape memory alloys is a unique material property which can be characterized by a complete recovery of a previously impressed component shape by a change of the thermal or mechanical load conditions after deforming. In contrast to the elastic deformation of ordinary materials like steels, twentyfold higher elastic strain rates up to 10 % are possible due to a temperature or a stress induced diffusion-free transformation of the crystal lattice between the austenite and martensite phases. Therefore, these superelastic alloys are frequently used as actuators, implants or stents so that there is an extraordinary high requirement of reliability and biocompatibility. In terms of joining, vacuum brazing might be a particularly suitable method to produce joined components which preserve a maximum of pseudoelasticity. Within the present research, it was shown that the vacuum brazing process at 1180 °C using pure niobium is well integrable into a solution annealing and a shape annealing heat treatment in a single furnace run. This led to a distinct tension plateau at around 285 MPa with an almost R-phase-free conversion of NiTi. Furthermore, it was proven that the share of the superelastic and proeutectic NiTiNb-phase was significantly increased with the dwell time.
Review on advances in thermoelectric conversion using ion-conducting polymers
Authors: Lei Bowen , Bai Shuxin , Ju Su , Yin Changping , Chen Chen , Zhang Jianwei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The ionic Seebeck effect has been extensively investigated in thermoelectric conversion due to the substantial Seebeck coefficient it promotes. In this context, polymer-based electrolytes have been reported as one of the good ionic Seebeck material categories, demonstrating extraordinary potentials in heat collection for wearable and adaptable hardware. In this review, we make a summary of the latest progress in the ponder for ionic thermoelectric systems based on organic polymer electrolytes and mixed ionic-electronic conductors. Moreover, the investigation on the electrodes utilise in ionic thermoelectric devices is discussed. Finally, the recent progress in novel applications of ionic thermoelectric systems, including ionic thermoelectric supercapacitors, transistors, and sensors, which utilise the materials mentioned above’ aggregate vital properties, is also discussed.
Magnetic field induction and magnetic force distribution profiles in plasma focus discharge device
Authors: LASHIN A A , ALLAM T M , EL-SAYED H A , AHMED Kamal M , WARD S A , SOLIMAN H M , ABOUELATTA M A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We report a simple-to-perform technique to investigate the distribution of the azimuthal magnetic field induction, B

θ
, and the induced magnetic force acting on the plasma current sheath (PCS) in a plasma focus (PF) discharge. This in situ measurement technique can undoubtedly be beneficial when other fast-imaging techniques are not available. techniques are not available. Experimental work was conducted in the low-energy Mather-type EAEA-PF1 device operated in argon. The axial distribution (B

θ
)
z
along the coaxial electrodes system was measured with a four magnetic-probe set technique at different radial distances (r = 2.625 × 10−2 to 4.125 × 10−2 m) within the annular space between the coaxial electrodes during the 1st and 2nd half cycles of the discharge current waveform, where inner electrode of coaxial electrode system has a +ve polarity and −ve polarity, respectively. Axial, radial and total magnetic force distribution profiles were estimated from B

θ
data. Investigation of PCS shape in terms of its inclination (curvature) angle, θ, along the axial rundown phase and the correlation between the magnetic forces per unit volume acting on the PCS, the inclination angle θ of the PCS, and the formation of a powerful PF action during the 1st and 2nd half cycles is carried out. Dependence of inclination angle, θ, on total magnetic force per unit volume acting on PCS axial motion was studied, separately, during the 1st and 2nd half cycles.
Circular RNA_0001495 increases Robo1 expression by sponging microRNA-527 to promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells
Authors: Feng Liuwei , Fu Dongmei , Gao Lei , Cheng Hepeng , Zhu Chaoyang , Zhang Guangwei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is a heterogeneous disease that poses great threats on public health. Increasing studies have identified the vital functions of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in BCa treatment. Hence, this current study set out to explore the modulatory role of circ_0001495 in BCa development. First, the expression of circ_0001495 was determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell biological processes were then analyzed after altering the circ_0001495 expression in T24 cells. Next, interactions among circ_0001495, microRNA-527 (miR-527) and roundabout guidance receptor 1 (Robo1) were investigated by dual luciferase reporter gene assay, RNA pull down assay and FISH assay. Lastly, xenograft tumors in nude mice were established to explore the effect of circ_0001495 in vivo. It was found that circ_0001495 was highly expressed in BCa tissues and cells, and was further correlated with poor prognosis in BCa patients. In addition, circ_0001495 inhibited the activity of miR-527 by acting as a sponge to sponge miR-527, which further elevated the Robo1 expression. Lastly, circ_0001495 was found to promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of BCa cells in vitro through the miR-527/Robo1 axis and promote the growth and metastasis of BCa tumors in vivo. Altogether, findings in our study highlight the promoting role of circ_0001495 in the progression of BCa by increasing Robo1 via sponging miR-527, representing a promising target for BCa management.