bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite temperature atomistic‐informed crystal plasticity finite element modeling of single crystal tantalum (α‐Ta) at micron scale
Authors: Xie Yuxi , Li Shaofan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work, we have developed a temperature‐dependent higher‐order Cauchy–Born (THCB) rule for multiscale crystal defect dynamics (MCDD) of crystalline solids based on the harmonic approximation. As a template, we employed the THCB rule to develop an atomistic‐informed constitutive model for the body‐centered cubic (BCC) single crystal tantalum (‐Ta). Considering the effect of strain gradients in different process zone elements, the corresponding higher order stress are used to model crystal plasticity of single crystal ‐Ta. Different from face‐centered cubic crystals, BCC crystals are strongly influenced by temperature. It is shown in this article that the developed finite temperature atomistic‐informed crystal plasticity finite element method is able to capture the temperature‐dependent dislocation substructure and hence crystal plastic deformation. The main contributions and novelties of the present work are highlighted by following findings: (1) A THCB rule and an atomistic‐informed strain gradient theory have been developed, and the corresponding temperature‐related higher‐order stress and elastic tensor formulations are derived; (2) The finite temperature MCDD provides an atomistic‐informed crystal plasticity finite element method that can simulate anisotropic crystal plasticity in any orientation within stereographic triangle at micron scale and above; (3) The developed MCDD is able to capture the non‐Schmid effects of BCC single crystal tantalum (‐Ta); (4) The developed MCDD is able to capture the size effect of single crystal plasticity; and (5) The finite temperature MCDD can simulate the temperature dependent dislocation substructure, and it captures cross‐slip in single crystal tantalum at low temperature (∼20 K) and captures dislocation cell structure at high temperature (∼500 K).
Factors associated with the level of prolactin in patients under remission from Alcohol Use Disorder: A gender perspective
Authors: Pandey Susmita , Bolstad Ingeborg , Lien Lars , Bramness Jørgen G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundProlactin mirrors the dopaminergic activity in the brain which is key to understanding alcohol use disorders (AUD). Still, patients with AUD are a heterogenous group and there seem to be gender differences in the relationship between alcohol use and the level of prolactin. In this study, we examined gender‐wise relationship of alcohol use trait‐ and state‐related factors with the level of prolactin among AUD inpatients in remission.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study examined the level of prolactin along with general patient characteristics and alcohol use trait‐ and state‐related factors that could influence the level of prolactin in 112 AUD inpatients at three rehabilitation clinics in Norway. Logistic regression was performed to identify the gender‐specific predictors of level of prolactin.ResultsMale and female AUD patients had similar level of prolactin. Among females, younger age, early alcohol debut, and absence of parental drinking problem predicted higher level of prolactin. In males, presence of other substance dependence predicted a lower level of prolactin.ConclusionsThere were gender differences in the factors associated with the level of prolactin among the AUD patients. Especially in the female AUD patients under remission, alcohol use trait‐related factors were better predictors of the level of prolactin than the alcohol use state‐related factors, indicating that individuals might characteristically have varying degree of dopamine reactivity.
BMI and pneumonia outcomes in critically ill COVID‐19 patients: An international multicenter study
Authors: Chetboun Mikael , Raverdy Violeta , Labreuche Julien , Simonnet Arthur , Wallet Florent , Caussy Cyrielle , Antonelli Massimo , Artigas Antonio , Goma Gemma , Meziani Ferhat , Helms Julie , Mylonakis Eleftherios , Levy Mitchell M. , Kalligeros Markos , Latronico Nicola , Piva Simone , Cerf Charles , Neuville Mathilde , Klouche Kada , Larcher Romaric , Tamion Fabienne , Occhiali Emilie , Snacken Morgane , Preiser Jean‐Charles , Kontar Loay , Riviere Antoine , Silva Stein , Sarton Benjamine , Krouchi Raphael , Dubar Victoria , Palaiodimos Leonidas , Karamanis Dimitrios , Perche Juliette , L'Her Erwan , Busetto Luca , Dicker Dror , Lev Shaul , Duhamel Alain , Jourdain Mercè , Pattou François 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have unveiled a relationship between the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia and obesity. The aims of this multicenter retrospective cohort study were to disentangle the association of BMI and associated metabolic risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and current smoking status) in critically ill patients with COVID‐19.MethodsPatients admitted to intensive care units for COVID‐19 in 21 centers (in Europe, Israel, and the United States) were enrolled in this study between February 19, 2020, and May 19, 2020. Primary and secondary outcomes were the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and 28‐day mortality, respectively.ResultsA total of 1,461 patients were enrolled; the median (interquartile range) age was 64 years (40.9‐72.0); 73.2% of patients were male; the median BMI was 28.1 kg/m2 (25.4‐32.3); a total of 1,080 patients (73.9%) required IMV; and the 28‐day mortality estimate was 36.1% (95% CI: 33.0‐39.5). An adjusted mixed logistic regression model showed a significant linear relationship between BMI and IMV: odds ratio = 1.27 (95% CI: 1.12‐1.45) per 5 kg/m2. An adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model showed a significant association between BMI and mortality, which was increased only in obesity class III (≥40; hazard ratio = 1.68 [95% CI: 1.06‐2.64]).ConclusionsIn critically ill COVID‐19 patients, a linear association between BMI and the need for IMV, independent of other metabolic risk factors, and a nonlinear association between BMI and mortality risk were observed.
Evaluation of dosing strategies and trough concentrations of vancomycin in patients undergoing continuous venovenous hemofiltration
Authors: Wahby Krista A. , Cunmuljaj Lejla , Mouabbi Karim , Almadrahi Zinah , Wilpula Liz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectiveRecommendations regarding vancomycin dosing in critically ill patients on continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) are limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate current dosing practices of pharmacists for patients treated with CVVH, develop guidelines for optimal dosing and monitoring of vancomycin to improve target trough attainment, and reduce pharmacist workload.DesignA retrospective cohort study. was performed of critically ill adult patients from January 2015 to December 2018. Patients were included if they received vancomycin during CVVH for at least 48 h. Patients with significant residual kidney function, defined as daily urine output >400 ml or significant fluctuations (≥1000 ml/h in a 24‐h period) in their hemofiltration rates, were excluded. Interruptions in CVVH up to 6 h/day were permitted. Dosing strategies with two dosing categories were defined: (1) dosing based on random serum levels (dosing by level, DBL) or (2) scheduled vancomycin dosing (SD).SettingAcademic medical center in Detroit, Michigan.PatientsCritically ill adult patients.Measurements and Main ResultsDuring the study period, 942 patients were evaluated and 200 met inclusion criteria, for a total of 586 serum vancomycin levels. There were 141 patients with 443 random vancomycin serum levels in the DBL group and 59 patients with143 vancomycin trough levels in the SD group. Mean vancomycin trough levels were similar between groups (17.1 ± 6 vs. 16.5 ± 4 mcg/ml) for the DBL and SD groups, respectively. For the primary end point of overall target trough achievement of 15–20 mcg/ml, significantly more trough levels in the SD group were in the 15–20 mcg/ml range compared with the DBL group, 50% vs. 38%; p < 0.001, respectively. When target trough range was extended to 10–20 mcg/ml, success rates were similar between groups (74% DBL vs. 82% SD, p = 0.021). The number of interventions required by the pharmacist, including notes per day and orders per day, were reduced by approximately 50% when the SD strategy was utilized. Scheduled vancomycin dosing regimens of 15–22 mg/kg every 12–24 h were required to yield trough levels in the 15–20 mcg/ml range.ConclusionsTarget vancomycin trough achievement of 15–20 mcg/ml occurred more frequently when vancomycin was scheduled at a dose of 15–22 mg/kg every 12–24 h based on ultrafiltration rate and may alleviate the time and cost associated with frequent vancomycin serum monitoring.
School belonging, self‐efficacy, and meaning in life as mediators of bullying victimization and subjective well‐being in adolescents
Authors: Seon Youngwoon , Smith‐Adcock Sondra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith an aim to inform school‐based antibullying interventions, this study examined mediating roles of school belonging, self‐efficacy, and meaning in life between bullying victimization and subjective well‐being. Using US student data from the 2018 round of the Program for International Student Assessment, results of structural equation modeling indicated a model that fit the data adequately and each path was statistically significant. School belonging, self‐efficacy, and meaning in life significantly mediated bullying victimization and subjective well‐being, respectively. These findings suggest that interventions focused on school belonging, meaning in life, and self‐efficacy may improve the subjective well‐being of adolescents who experience bullying in school. Limitations of this study and future research directions are discussed.
Exploring gender‐based difference towards academic enablers scales among secondary school students of Pakistan
Authors: Abid Nisar , Ali Rizwan , Akhter Mumtaz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe study purposes were to explore the level of students' academic enablers and gender‐based difference towards academic enablers scales (AES) among 3200 students that were selected randomly from 80 high schools of Punjab province of Pakistan. The descriptive design of the positivism research paradigm was used to accomplish the study. Academic enablers scale for students (AES‐students) was adapted to collect data about four academic enabling behaviors (motivation, engagement, interpersonal skills, and study skills). Hence, the psychometric properties of adapted AES‐students exhibited that it is a valid and reliable instrument to measure academic enablers. Results indicated that the majority of students had a competent level in all academic enabling behaviors while they are more motivated as compared to their study skills, interpersonal skills, and engagement. However, engagement is the least contributive enabler. Moreover, results also demonstrated a significant difference in girls' and boys' student perceptions towards AES. It is also determined that gender had a small effect size on students' academic enablers as Cohen's d values among 0.1 to 0.4. Academic enabling behaviors may be enhanced among boy students through the use of different teaching strategies in the classroom, such as enthusiastic demonstration style, group activities, and classroom symposiums.
Achieving oncology mental health providers' usage of an empirically supported treatment: Lessons learned
Authors: Andersen Barbara L. , Dorfman Caroline S. , Conley Claire C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThere is a need for oncology mental health providers to receive training to use empirically supported psychological treatments (ESTs) with their patients. The purpose of this editorial is to describe “lessons learned” from disseminating–conducting EST trainings–and supporting providers' capacity and confidence to use the EST.MethodProcesses and outcomes from conducting six, 3‐days (18 h) EST training institutes from 2012‐2016 are discussed. Institutes trained 166 full time oncology mental health providers from more than 100 different settings. The dissemination was intentionally designed to achieve EST implementation, i.e., therapists' sustained usage of the EST for at least 12 months post training.ResultsPreviously published discussion and findings show the effort was successful in achieving positive EST dissemination outcomes and sustained EST implementation by providers. Thus, “lessons learned” include discussions of (1) orientation to design education/training to achieve EST usage using theory based aims and outcomes of training efficacy; (2) multimodal, educational strategies used to achieve therapists' positive attitudes toward and self‐efficacy to implement the EST; (3) guidance to therapists for adapting the EST to their practice settings while maintaining fidelity; (4) assistance to therapists to identify and problem solve implementation challenges; and (5) using patient reported outcome measures to determine clinical change.ConclusionOur discussion of the plan, methods, and goals of EST training contributes to the science of dissemination/implementation by providing support for (1) theory‐informed EST dissemination, and (2) mechanisms of EST implementation. For researchers, our experience may guide future EST dissemination/implementation efforts in psycho‐oncology. For therapists, lessons learned provide criteria for evaluating future continuing education options.
Surfactant nebulization therapy during NIPPV ventilation in surfactant‐deficient newborn piglets
Authors: Rey‐Santano Carmen , Mielgo Victoria , Gastiasoro Elena , Bianco Federico , Salomone Fabrizio , Gomez‐Solaetxe Miguel Angel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has been growing in popularity as a form of noninvasive ventilation for respiratory support in the initial treatment of neonates with surfactant (SF) deficiency. The combination of this type of ventilation with noninvasive SF administration (by nebulization) is an attractive treatment option for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)‐associated pathophysiology of the neonatal lungs. In this study, we aimed to test the tolerability and efficacy of SF nebulization during NIPPV for the treatment of neonatal RDS.MethodsSpontaneously‐breathing newborn piglets (n = 6/group) with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)‐induced RDS were assigned to receive during NIPPV (180 min): poractant alfa (400 mg/kg) via an investigational customized vibrating‐membrane nebulizer (eFlow‐Neos) or poractant alfa (200 mg/kg) as a bolus using the Insure method or no surfactant (controls).Measurement and resultsWe assessed pulmonary, hemodynamic and cerebral effects and performed histological analysis of lung and brain tissue. After repeated BAL, newborn piglets developed severe RDS (FiO2: 1, pH < 7.2, PaCO2 > 70 mmHg, PaO2< 70 mmHg, Cdyn < 0.5 ml/cmH2O/kg). In both SF‐treated groups, we observed rapid improvement in pulmonary status and also similar hemodynamic, cerebral behavior, and lung and brain injury scores.ConclusionOur results in newborn piglets with severe BAL‐induced RDS show the administration of nebulized poractant alfa using the eFlow‐Neos nebulizer during NIPPV to be well tolerated and efficacious, suggesting that this noninvasive SF administration option should be explored further.
Impact of COVID‐19 outbreak in acute bronchiolitis: Lesson from a tertiary Italian Emergency Department
Authors: Curatola Antonietta , Lazzareschi Ilaria , Bersani Giulia , Covino Marcello , Gatto Antonio , Chiaretti Antonio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak on pediatric emergency department (ED) visits for acute bronchiolitis during the epidemic season.MethodsA retrospective analytical cross‐sectional study was performed in our hospital, analyzing medical charts of all children under 2 years of age with a diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis admitted to our ED in the last years. Demographics and clinical data of patients affected with acute bronchiolitis during the 2020–2021 season—COVID‐19 outbreak—were compared to those of the 5 previous years.ResultsWe observed an average drop of 84% of the rate of acute bronchiolitis managed by pediatricians in ED in 2020–2021 compared with bronchiolitis seasons of 5 previous years. We also reported, during the COVID‐19 outbreak, a higher number of children affected by acute bronchiolitis referred to ED as Emergency Consultations who required hospitalization. Regarding etiological agents, no differences in respiratory virus circulation, especially RSV, were observed in the two groups.The multivariate analysis showed no correlation between the diagnosis of RSV bronchiolitis and COVID‐19 period or prematurity; lower age was associated with an increased likelihood of exhibiting RSV bronchiolitis (odds ratio 0.9; 95% confidence interval 0.86–0.95p < .01).ConclusionOur data emphasize the reduction in the rate of admission to pediatric ED for acute bronchiolitis during the COVID‐19 outbreak, regardless of changes in circulating respiratory viruses. Therefore we want to highlight the importance of nonpharmacological preventive hygiene measures that should be maintained even at the end of the COVID‐19 outbreak.
Application of high‐frequency oscillation ventilation combined with volume guarantee in infants with acute hypoxic respiratory failure after congenital heart surgery
Authors: Zheng Yi‐Rong , Xie Wen‐Peng , Liu Jian‐Feng , Wu Hong‐Lin , Xu Ning , Huang Shu‐Ting , Cao Hua , Chen Qiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high‐frequency oscillation ventilation combined with volume guarantee (HFOV‐VG) compared with the safety and efficacy of HFOV alone in infants with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) after congenital heart surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 44 infants who were ventilated for AHRF after congenital heart surgery between January 2020 and January 2021. HFOV alone was used in 23 of the 44 infants, whereas HFOV‐VG was used in the other 21 infants.ResultsThe average frequency tidal volume (VThf) of the HFOV‐VG group was lower than that of the HFOV group, and the proportion of VThf exceeding the target range of infants in the HFOV‐VG group was also lower (p < .01). In addition, the incidence of hypocapnia and hypercapnia in infants supported with HFOV‐VG was significantly lower (p < .01). Furthermore, the duration of invasive ventilation and the median ventilator adjustment per hour in the HFOV‐VG group was also lower than that in the HFOV group (p < .01).ConclusionsCompared with HFOV alone, HFOV‐VG decreases the fluctuation of VThf and the incidence of hypercapnia and hypocapnia. Moreover, it reduces the workload of bedside medical staff. Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of HFOV‐VG as a routine respiratory support strategy for congenital heart disease during the perioperative period.
Chest MRI as an emerging modality in the evaluation of empyema in children with specific indications: Pilot study
Authors: Sodhi Kushaljit S. , Bhatia Anmol , Nichat Vaibhav , Mathew Joseph L. , Saxena Akshay K. , Samujh Ram , Singh Meenu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the diagnostic role of chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating empyema in children with specific indications.MethodsNineteen children (5–16 years) with a diagnosis of empyema were enrolled in this prospective study from January 2018 to February 2020. MRI and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) of the chest was performed within 48 h of each other. Two pediatric radiologists independently evaluated the MRI and CT images for the presence of fluid and air in the pleural cavity, septations within the fluid, pleural thickening, pleural enhancement, drainage tube tip localization, consolidation, and lymphadenopathy. Kappa test of agreement was used to determine the agreement between the MRI and MDCT findings. Chance‐corrected kappa statistics were used for calculating the interobserver variation.ResultsThe kappa test showed almost perfect agreement (κ = 1) between MRI and MDCT for detecting fluid, pleural thickening, pleural enhancement, drainage tube tip localization, consolidation, and lymphadenopathy. Septations within the fluid were detected in 16 (84.2%) patients on MRI, and in 14 (73.7%) patients on MDCT. Almost perfect agreement (κ = 0.81–1.00) was seen for all the findings on CT and MRI between the two radiologists, except for pleural thickening for which a strong agreement (κ = 0.642) was observed.ConclusionMRI is comparable to MDCT for the detection of various findings in children with empyema. MRI may be considered in lieu of CT, as a problem‐solving tool and as a radiation‐reducing endeavor in children with empyema, specifically, only where CT is required for preoperative planning and evaluation of complications.
An apparent core/shell architecture of polyQ aggregates in the aging Caenorhabditis elegans neuron
Authors: Fisher Rachel S. , Jimenez Rosa Meyo , Soto Elizabeth , Kalev Darin , Elbaum‐Garfinkle Shana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHuntington's disease is caused by a polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the huntingtin protein which results in its abnormal aggregation in the nervous system. Huntingtin aggregates are linked to toxicity and neuronal dysfunction, but a comprehensive understanding of the aggregation mechanism in vivo remains elusive. Here, we examine the morphology of polyQ aggregates in Caenorhabditis elegans mechanosensory neurons as a function of age using confocal and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. We find that aggregates in young worms are mostly spherical with homogenous intensity, but as the worm ages aggregates become substantially more heterogeneous. Most prominently, in older worms we observe an apparent core/shell morphology of polyQ assemblies with decreased intensity in the center. The fluorescence lifetime of polyQ is uniform across the aggregate indicating that the dimmed intensity in the assembly center is most likely not due to quenching or changes in local environment, but rather to displacement of fluorescent polyQ from the central region. This apparent core/shell architecture of polyQ aggregates in aging C. elegans neurons contributes to the diverse landscape of polyQ aggregation states implicated in Huntington's disease.