bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics that predict laryngeal penetration and aspiration in elderly patients following supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy: a videofluoroscopic study
Authors: Seino Y , Miyamoto S , Nakayama M , Yamashita T , Miles A , Allen J E 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the incidence of laryngeal penetration and aspiration in elderly patients who underwent supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy for laryngeal cancer.MethodA retrospective analysis of dynamic videofluoroscopic swallowing studies was performed in patients who had received supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy as a treatment for laryngeal cancers. Digital analysis of videofluoroscopic swallowing studies included measurements of displacement and timing related to swallowing safety.ResultsVideofluoroscopic swallowing studies from 52 patients were analysed. All participants were male and over 65 years old. Studies were performed five years after surgery. Among 52 videofluoroscopic swallowing studies, analysis showed that elevated pharyngeal constriction ratio (pharyngeal constriction ratio more than 0.0875, odds ratio = 5.2, p = 0.016), reduced pharyngoesophageal sphincter opening time (pharyngoesophageal sphincter open less than 0.6 seconds, odds ratio = 11.6, p = 0.00018) and reduced airway closure time (airway close less than 0.6 seconds, odds ratio = 10.6, p = 0.00057) were significantly associated with aspiration.ConclusionDeteriorated pharyngeal constriction, shortened airway closure and reduced pharyngoesophageal sphincter opening time are key factors for predicting laryngeal penetration or aspiration after supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy.
Cyberbiosecurity: An Emerging Field that has Ethical Implications for Clinical Neuroscience
Authors: Greenbaum Dov 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCyberbiosecurity is an emerging field that relates to the intersection of cybersecurity and the clinical and research practice in the biosciences. Beyond the concerns that usually arise in the areas of genomics, this paper highlights ethical concerns raised by cyberbiosecurity in clinical neuroscience. These concerns relate not only to the privacy of the data collected by imaging devices, but also the concern that patients using various stimulatory devices can be harmed by a hacker who either obfuscates the outputs or who interferes with the stimulatory process. The paper offers some suggestions as to how to rectify these increasingly dire concerns.
Collaborating with organized crime in the search for disappeared persons? Formalizing a humanitarian alternative for Mexico
Authors: Hernández Herrera Issa Cristina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe search for the more than 90,000 disappeared persons in Mexico has highlighted the need to establish relations of collaboration with organized crime groups in order to access not only relevant information to clarify the fate and whereabouts of the missing, but also territories under the control of organized crime groups for carrying out field searches. Given the ineffectiveness of formal, prosecutorial approaches and the considerable success of grassroots, victim-led search strategies, this paper argues for the need for a broader humanitarian approach to the search for the missing that is victim-centred and complementary to accountability mechanisms. The article advances a proposal to formalize this approach through the International Committee of the Red Cross's (ICRC) involvement in search activities, given the ICRC's unique organizational nature, expertise and humanitarian mandate.
Mesotrione: a new preemergence herbicide option for wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) control in wheat
Authors: Walsh Michael J. , Newman Peter , Chatfield Paul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWild radish is the most problematic broadleaf weed in Australian grain production. The propensity of wild radish to evolve resistance to herbicides has led to high frequencies of multiple herbicide–resistant populations present in these grain production regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of mesotrione to selectively control wild radish in wheat. The initial dose response pot trials determined that at the highest mesotrione rate of 50 g ha−1 applied preemergence (PRE) was 30% more effective than when applied postemergence (POST) on wild radish. This same rate of mesotrione applied POST resulted in a 30% reduction in wheat biomass compared to 0% for the PRE application. Subsequent mesotrione PRE dose response trials identified a wheat selective rate range of >100 and <300 g ai ha−1 that provided greater than 85% wild radish control with less than 15% reduction in wheat growth. Field evaluations confirmed the efficacy of mesotrione at 100 to 150 g ai ha−1 in reducing wild radish populations by greater than 85% following PRE application and incorporation by wheat planting. Additionally, these field trials demonstrated the opportunity for season-long control of wild radish when mesotrione applied PRE was followed by bromoxynil applied POST. The sequential PRE application of mesotrione, a herbicide that inhibits p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, followed by POST application of bromoxynil, a herbicide that inhibits photosystem II, has the potential to provide 100% wild radish control with no effect on wheat growth.
The essential role of transcription factor Pitx3 in preventing mesodiencephalic dopaminergic neurodegeneration and maintaining neuronal subtype identities during aging
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Xi , Wang Yuanyuan , Li Song , Cai Huaibin , Le Weidong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPituitary homeobox 3 (Pitx3) is required for the terminal differentiation of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons during neuronal development. However, whether Pitx3 contributes to the normal physiological function and cell-type identity of adult neurons remains unknown. To explore the role of Pitx3 in maintaining mature neurons, we selectively deleted Pitx3 in the mesodiencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons of Pitx3fl/fl/DATCreERT2 bigenic mice using a tamoxifen inducible CreERT2/loxp gene-targeting system. Pitx3fl/fl/DATCreERT2 mice developed age-dependent progressive motor deficits, concomitant with a rapid reduction of striatal dopamine (DA) content and a profound loss of mdDA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) but not in the adjacent ventral tegmental area (VTA), recapitulating the canonical neuropathological features of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mechanistic studies showed that Pitx3-deficiency significantly increased the number of cleaved caspase-3+ cells in SNc, which likely underwent neurodegeneration. Meanwhile, the vulnerability of SNc mdDA neurons was increased in Pitx3fl/fl/DATCreERT2 mice, as indicated by an early decline in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a1 (Aldh1a1) levels. Noticeably, somatic accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) was also significantly increased in the Pitx3-deficient neurons. Together, our data demonstrate that the loss of Pitx3 in fully differentiated mdDA neurons results in progressive neurodegeneration, indicating the importance of the Pitx3 gene in adult neuronal survival. Our findings also suggest that distinct Pitx3-dependent pathways exist in SNc and VTA mdDA neurons, correlating with the differential vulnerability of SNc and VTA mdDA neurons in the absence of Pitx3.
Robust design of a multirotor aerial vehicle
Authors: Dutta Abhishek 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces the methodology of systematic robust design of a multirotor vehicle as an example of how to carry out the robust design of a physical system. Robustness in aerial vehicles is highly desirable as it guarantees a desired level of performance even under environmental uncertainties. Thus far, robustness has been considered in terms of active control in the space of multirotor vehicles, but exploration of the design space itself is lacking. In this work, a conceptual design followed by a robust design is performed to come up with the specifications that lead to least uncertain performance of the multirotor vehicle with respect to stochastic wind disturbances.
Age differences in adaptation of medial-lateral gait parameters during split-belt treadmill walking
Authors: Fettrow Tyler , Hupfeld Kathleen , Reimann Hendrik , Choi Julia , Hass Chris , Seidler Rachael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe split-belt treadmill has been used to examine the adaptation of spatial and temporal gait parameters. Historically, similar studies have focused on anterior-posterior (AP) spatiotemporal gait parameters because this paradigm is primarily a perturbation in the AP direction, but it is important to understand whether and how medial-lateral (ML) control adapts in this scenario. The ML control of balance must be actively controlled and adapted in different walking environments. Furthermore, it is well established that older adults have balance difficulties. Therefore, we seek to determine whether ML balance adaptation differs in older age. We analyzed split belt induced changes in gait parameters including variables which inform us about ML balance control in younger and older adults. Our primary finding is that younger adults showed sustained asymmetric changes in these ML balance parameters during the split condition. Specifically, younger adults sustained a greater displacement between their fast stance foot and their upper body, relative to the slow stance foot, in the ML direction. This finding suggests that younger adults may be exploiting passive dynamics in the ML direction, which may be more metabolically efficient. Older adults did not display the same degree of asymmetry, suggesting older adults may be more concerned about maintaining a stable gait.
Role of NMDAR plasticity in a computational model of synaptic memory
Authors: Gribkova Ekaterina D. , Gillette Rhanor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA largely unexplored question in neuronal plasticity is whether synapses are capable of encoding and learning the timing of synaptic inputs. We address this question in a computational model of synaptic input time difference learning (SITDL), where N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) isoform expression in silent synapses is affected by time differences between glutamate and voltage signals. We suggest that differences between NMDARs’ glutamate and voltage gate conductances induce modifications of the synapse’s NMDAR isoform population, consequently changing the timing of synaptic response. NMDAR expression at individual synapses can encode the precise time difference between signals. Thus, SITDL enables the learning and reconstruction of signals across multiple synapses of a single neuron. In addition to plausibly predicting the roles of NMDARs in synaptic plasticity, SITDL can be usefully applied in artificial neural network models.
Automated segmentation by deep learning of loose connective tissue fibers to define safe dissection planes in robot-assisted gastrectomy
Authors: Kumazu Yuta , Kobayashi Nao , Kitamura Naoki , Rayan Elleuch , Neculoiu Paul , Misumi Toshihiro , Hojo Yudai , Nakamura Tatsuro , Kumamoto Tsutomu , Kurahashi Yasunori , Ishida Yoshinori , Masuda Munetaka , Shinohara Hisashi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe prediction of anatomical structures within the surgical field by artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to support surgeons’ experience and cognitive skills. We aimed to develop a deep-learning model to automatically segment loose connective tissue fibers (LCTFs) that define a safe dissection plane. The annotation was performed on video frames capturing a robot-assisted gastrectomy performed by trained surgeons. A deep-learning model based on U-net was developed to output segmentation results. Twenty randomly sampled frames were provided to evaluate model performance by comparing Recall and F1/Dice scores with a ground truth and with a two-item questionnaire on sensitivity and misrecognition that was completed by 20 surgeons. The model produced high Recall scores (mean 0.606, maximum 0.861). Mean F1/Dice scores reached 0.549 (range 0.335–0.691), showing acceptable spatial overlap of the objects. Surgeon evaluators gave a mean sensitivity score of 3.52 (with 88.0% assigning the highest score of 4; range 2.45–3.95). The mean misrecognition score was a low 0.14 (range 0–0.7), indicating very few acknowledged over-detection failures. Thus, AI can be trained to predict fine, difficult-to-discern anatomical structures at a level convincing to expert surgeons. This technology may help reduce adverse events by determining safe dissection planes.
Assessment of total and regional bone mineral density using bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in elderly population
Authors: Lu Hsueh-Kuan , Lai Chung-Liang , Lee Li-Wen , Chu Lee-Ping , Hsieh Kuen-Chang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and height-adjusted resistance (R/H), reactance (Xc/H) and phase angle (PhA). A total of 61 male and 64 female subjects aged over 60 years were recruited from middle Taiwan. The R and Xc were measured using Bodystat Quadscan 4000 at a frequency of 50 kHz. BMD at the whole body, L2–L4 spine, and dual femur neck (DFN), denoted as BMDTotal, BMDL2–L4, and BMDDFN, were calculated using a Hologic DXA scanner. The R-Xc graph was used to assess vector shift among different levels of BMD. BMD was positively correlated with Xc/H and negatively correlated with R/H (p < 0.001). The General Linear Model (GLM) regression results were as follows: BMDTotal = 1.473–0.002 R/H + 0.007 Xc/H, r = 0.684; BMDL2–L4 = 1.526–0.002 R/H + 0.012 Xc/H, r = 0.655; BMDDFN = 1.304–0.002 R/H + Xc/H, r = 0.680; p < 0.0001. Distribution of vector in the R-Xc graph was significantly different for different levels of BMDTotal, BMDL2–L4 and BMDDFN. R/H and Xc/H were correlated with BMD in the elderly. The linear combination of R/H and Xc/H can effectively predict the BMD of the whole body, spine and proximal femur, indicating that BIVA may be used in clinical and home-use monitoring tool for screening BMD in the elderly in the future.
Adequate magnesium level as an associated factor of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus remission in patients with obesity submitted to bariatric surgery
Authors: Guerreiro Vanessa , Maia Isabel , Neves João Sérgio , Salazar Daniela , Ferreira Maria João , Mendonça Fernando , Silva Maria Manuel , Viana Sara , Costa Cláudia , Pedro Jorge , Varela Ana , Lau Eva , Freitas Paula , Carvalho Davide 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBariatric surgery (BS) can lead to remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), however, the evidence on the influence of preoperative serum magnesium levels on this reversal is scarce. To study the influence of preoperative serum magnesium levels on the pre-T2DM and T2DM remission one year after BS. Retrospective study carried out among 1656 patients with obesity who underwent BS in the Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João. T2DM and pre-T2DM remission were defined as being normal glycaemic measures of at least one year’s after BS and without pharmacological therapy. To assess the association between preoperative serum magnesium levels and pre- and T2DM remission, logistic regression models, crude and adjusted for sex, age and body mass index were computed. Patients with normoglycaemia presented hypomagnesaemia less often than those patients with pre-T2DM and T2DM (17.0% vs. 21.3% vs. 39.9%) (p < 0.001). One year after BS, 62.9% of patients with pre-T2DM or T2DM before BS showed remission. Adequate magnesium levels were positively associated with T2DM and pre-T2DM remission, one year after BS (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.34–2.38), independently of sex, age, and body mass index. Adequate preoperative serum magnesium levels showed to be an important clinical parameter for pre-T2DM and T2DM remission.
The effects of low pH on the taste and amino acid composition of tiger shrimp
Authors: Hsieh Hsueh-Han , Weerathunga Veran , Weerakkody W. Sanjaya , Huang Wei-Jen , Muller François L. L. , Benfield Mark C. , Hung Chin-Chang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent research has revealed that shrimp sensory quality may be affected by ocean acidification but we do not exactly know why. Here we conducted controlled pH exposure experiments on adult tiger shrimp, which were kept in 1000-L tanks continuously supplied with coastal seawater. We compared survival rate, carapace properties and flesh sensory properties and amino acid composition of shrimp exposed to pH 7.5 and pH 8.0 treatments for 28 days. Shrimp reared at pH 7.5 had a lower amino acid content (17.6% w/w) than those reared at pH 8.0 (19.5% w/w). Interestingly, the amino acids responsible for the umami taste, i.e. glutamate and aspartic acid, were present at significantly lower levels in the pH 7.5 than the pH 8.0 shrimp, and the pH 7.5 shrimp were also rated as less desirable in a blind quality test by 40 volunteer assessors. These results indicate that tiger shrimp may become less palatable in the future due to a lower production of some amino acids. Finally, tiger shrimp also had a lower survival rate over 28 days at pH 7.5 than at pH 8.0 (73% vs. 81%) suggesting that ocean acidification may affect both the quality and quantity of future shrimp resources.
Impact of immunohistochemistry-based subtyping of GATA3, CK20, CK5/6, and CK14 expression on survival after radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Bejrananda Tanan , Kanjanapradit Kanet , Saetang Jirakrit , Sangkhathat Surasak 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMolecular subtyping of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) predicts disease progression and treatment response. However, standard subtyping based on transcriptomic analysis is relatively expensive. This study tried to use immunohistochemistry (IHC) to subtype MIBC based on GATA3, CK20, CK5/6, and CK14 protein expression. The IHC-based subtypes in MIBC subtypes were classified as luminal (GATA3+ CK5/6−, 38.6%), basal (GATA3−CK5/6+, 12.9%), mixed (GATA3+ CK5/6+, 37.9%), and double-negative (GATA3−CK5/6−, 10.6%) in 132 MIBC patients. All individual markers and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed against treatment outcomes after radical cystectomy. The mean patient age was 65.6 years, and the male to female ratio was 6.8:1. Positive IHC expression of GATA3, CK20, CK5/6, and CK14 were 80.3%, 50.8%, 42.4%, and 28.0%, respectively. Only GATA3 and CK5/6 were significantly associated with survival outcome (p values = 0.004 and 0.02). The mixed subtype was significantly better in 5-year OS at 42.8%, whereas the double-negative subtype had the worst prognosis (5-year OS 7.14%). The double-negative subtype had a hazard ratio of 3.29 (95% CI 1.71–6.32). Subtyping using GATA3 and CK5/6 was applicable in MIBCs, and patients with the double-negative subtype were at the highest risk and may require more intensive therapy.
Oxysterols in stored powders as potential health hazards
Authors: Chudy Sylwia , Teichert Joanna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCholesterol oxidation products (COPs) have greater biological activity than cholesterol itself. Oxysterols reduce the nutritional value of foods and exhibit a wide range of biological activity, including pro-oxidant, carcinogenic, and cytotoxic properties. The most commonly detected oxysterols in foods are 7α-HC, 7β-HC, a product of their dehydrogenation 7-KC and α-CE, β-CE. The main dietary sources of oxysterols are eggs and egg-derived products, thermally processed milk and milk-based products, fried meat. This study aimed to measure the amount of cholesterol oxidation products in milk powder, egg powder and milk–egg powder during 24 months of storage. The changes in the selected oxysterols (determined by gas chromatography) were recorded. In milk powder, after the production process, the amount of cholesterol was 0.2 g 100 g−1 fat and in egg powder it was 3.4 g 100 g−1. After 6 months of storage, the dominant oxysterol in milk and egg powder was 7α-HC and in milk–egg powder it was 7-KC. After the storage period, oxysterols in powdered milk reached 1.81% of total cholesterol. The most stable cholesterol was in the milk–egg mixture and its oxidation was the slowest. This study showed the presence of COPs in milk powder, egg powder and milk–egg powder and the effect of storage on cholesterol oxidation.
Traceability of the geographical origin of Siraitia grosvenorii based on multielement contents coupled with chemometric techniques
Authors: Huang Xiao-Ping , Lei Lei , Lei Shun-Xin , Zhu Wei-Wei , Yan Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSiraitia grosvenorii(LHG) is widely used as a medicinal and edible material around the world. The objective of this study was to develop an effective method for the authentication of the geographical origin of LHG in its main producing area Guangxi, China, which is identified as Chinese Protected Designation of Origin product, against other producing regions in China. The content of 14 elements (K, Na, Ca, P, Mg, Al, B, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Sr) of 114 LHG samples was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Multivariate analysis was then performed to classify the geographical origin of LHG samples. The contents of multielement display an obvious trend of clustering according to the geographical origin of LHG samples based on radar plot and principal component analysis. Finally, three supervised statistical techniques, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA),k-nearest neighbours (k-NN), and support vector machine (SVM), were applied to develop classification models. Finally, 40 unknown LHG samples were used to evaluate the predictive ability of model and discrimination rate of 100%, 97.5% and 100% were obtained for LDA,k-NN, and SVM, respectively. This study indicated that it is feasible to attribute unknown LHG samples to its geographical origin based on its multielement content coupled with chemometric techniques.
Indices reflecting muscle contraction performance during exercise based on a combined electromyography and mechanomyography approach
Authors: Fukuhara Shinichi , Kawashima Takaki , Oka Hisao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectromyography (EMG) and mechanomyography (MMG) have been used to directly evaluate muscle function through the electromechanical aspect of muscle contraction. The purpose of this study was to establish new absolute indices to describe muscle contraction performance during dynamic exercise by combining EMG and displacement MMG (dMMG) measured simultaneously using our previously developed MMG/EMG hybrid transducer system. Study participants were eight healthy male non-athletes (controls) and eight male athletes. EMG and dMMG of the vastus medialis were measured for 30 s during four cycles of recumbent bicycle pedaling (30, 60, 90, and 120 W) and on passive joint movement. Total powers were calculated based on the time domain waveforms of both signals. Muscle contraction performance was verified with the slope of regression line (SRL) and the residual sum of squares (RSS) obtained from EMG and dMMG correlation. EMG and dMMG has increased with the work rate. Force and EMG were similar between groups, but dMMG showed a significant difference with load increase. Athletes had significantly higher SRL and significantly lower RSS than controls. The average value divided by SRL and RSS was higher in athletes than in controls. The indices presented by the combined approach of EMG and dMMG showed a clear contrast between the investigated groups and may be parameters that reflect muscle contraction performance during dynamic exercise.