bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burnout syndrome in the professional work of doctors
Authors: Murashkin M. S. , Sharshakova T. M. 
Published: November 2021

Objective : to study the severity and analyze the causes of burnout syndrome in doctors of various specialties.Material and methods . A survey of doctors in which 331 respondents took part was conducted in health care institutions of the Republic of Belarus. The validated method for burnout diagnosis - «Maslach Burnout Inventory» - was applied. The questionnaire includes a general part (questions regarding sex, length of service, place of work, and chosen specialization); 22 questions evaluate burnout syndrome according to 3 domains: «Emotional exhaustion», «Depersonalization», «Reduction of professional achievements»; 14 questions identify possible causes that contribute to the development of burnout syndrome. The study involved doctors of various specialties (obstetrician-gynecologist; anesthetist-resuscitator; general practitioner; pediatrician; ambulance doctor; surgeon). The sociological and statistical methods were used. Results . The integral index of burnout syndrome for obstetrician-gynecologists (n = 50) was 65.3 points; for anesthetist-resuscitators (n = 46) - 83.1 points; for general practitioners (n = 74) - 71.8 points; for pediatricians (n = 66) - 62.5 points; for ambulance doctors (n = 42) - 86 points; for surgeons (n = 53) - 69.8 points.Conclusion . Currently, there is a tendency towards an increase in the burnout syndrome rate among all the groups of specialists. The highest indices are observed in the groups of ambulance doctors and anesthetist-resuscitators. At the level of health care insitutions, in order to mitigate the burnout risk factors, the optimization of the organizational environment should include the following criteria: availability of prospects for financial and professional growth of doctors, corporate development and effective leadership; effective trade union management; professional, legal and administrative support of doctors.
Comparative description of "primary" bioethical notions of first-year and final-year medical students
Authors: Ostrovsky A. M. , Koliada I. N. 
Published: November 2021

Objective:to conduct a sociological study aimed at identifying the «primary» bioethical notions of the first-year and six-year students of the Faculty of General Medicine of the educational institution «Gomel State Medical University».Material and methods.The results of a survey of 115 first-year students and 114 six-year students of the Faculty of General Medicine were analyzed.Results. The survey has revealed statistically significant differences in the responses of the first- and six-year students to questions regarding the use of the human body or its separate organs and tissues for purposes of practical medicine or biomedical research ( χ2= 5.27; p = 0.022), personal social status as the basis for making decisions about any medico-biological manipulation ( χ2= 9.33; p = 0.002), necessity of the present-day form of human biological existence in future ( χ2= 6.51; p = 0.011), acceptability of separating personal consciousness from the physical body for the human society in future ( χ2= 4.23; p = 0.04), necessity to take a special «oath» to perform professional activities in everyday medical practice ( χ2= 8.92; p = 0.003).Conclusion. The results of the study have shown that the first-year students have no clearly formed system of bioethical notions of living beings and possibilities for medical manipulations with them due to the lack of essential relevant knowledge. The sixth year students demonstrate more conscious answers to the questionnaire questions, which indicates the presence of theoretical knowledge and formation of their bioethical outlook for the subsequent development of practical skills for making moral decisions on this basis.
Polymorphism of the glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase gene as one of the Mycoplasma Pneumoniae genetic features influencing the formation of pathogenicity factors
Authors: Kostiuk S. A. , Hlinkina T. V. , Poluyan O. S. , Rudenkova T. V. 
Published: November 2021

Objective: to identify possible genetic variants of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase gene fragment corresponding to the FAD binding domain of the enzyme, and to study their pathogenic properties.Material and methods: The material for the obtainment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates was sputum, epithelial cell scrapings from the nasopharynx, tracheobronchial secretion from 85 children and adolescents diagnosed with bronchitis and pneumonia and detecting Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA. The isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the clinical material was proceeded in a mycoplasma medium without an energy source. The DNA isolation from the biological material and from the culture fluid was performed by the method of sorption extraction. The sediment of the cellular elements of the sputum was used for the DNA extraction with the use of the CTAB reagent.Results. Synonymous and non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions have been identified in 54 clinical isolates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae . It has been found that the amino acid substitutions His51Leu and Asp55His are essential for the realization of the pathogenic potential of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates associated with the production of hydrogen peroxide. Conclusion. The A152T (His51Leu) and G163C (Asp55His) substitutions were identified in the G3P oxidase gene of the Mycoplasma pneumonia clinical isolates, and their presence was associated with the variability in the activity of the enzyme. The Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates carrying the A152T substitution (His51Leu) produced hydrogen peroxide in significantly lower amounts (5 mg/l) in comparison with the reference strain (10 mg/l) and had reduced cytotoxicity in relation to respiratory epithelial cells. The Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates carrying the substitution G163C (Asp55His) were characterized by enhanced pathogenic properties, such as increased production of hydrogen peroxide (25 mg/l) and more pronounced cytotoxicity towards respiratory epithelial cells.
Analysis of clinico-morphological and molecular-genetic markers in patients with chronic dermatosis followed by face skin atrophy
Authors: Kostiuk S. A. , Shimanskaya I. G. , Rudenkova T. V. , Poluyan O. S. , Hlinkina T. V. 
Published: November 2021

Objective: to identify associations between clinico-morphological and molecular-genetic markers in skin biopsy on the basis of a complex analysis.Material and methods. Skin punch-biopsies with a diameter from 1 till 4 mm were used as a material for research. To assess the morphological charcateristis of the skin, the histological analysis was carried out; to assess the level of gene expression, real time PCR with reverse transcription was performed.Results. It has been found that the presence of morphological alterations in the skin of patients with chronic dermatosis is associated with the levels of normalized expression of СOL1A1 gene less than 100 % and/or gene COL1A2 gene less than 200 % and/or gene LOX less than 50 %. Conclusion. Real time PCR with reverse transcription can be used for objective assessment of the degree of skin alteration in patients with chronic dermatosis.
Study of the geometric and mechanical features of nanoparticles of various nature by atomic force microscopy in PeakForce QNM mode
Authors: Chelnokova I. A. , Ronishenko B. V. , Starodubtseva M. N. 
Published: November 2021

Objective: to identify the difference of the numerical values of parameters characterizing the geometric and mechanical (adhesive) properties of inorganic nanosized particles and nanosized particles of biological origin by atomic force microscopy using the mode of the mapping of surface features at nanosized resolution.Material and methods. Exosomes isolated from the blood of Af mice by the method of sequential ultracentrifugation were used as bionanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles were used as inorganic nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were scanned in air with the help of the BioScope Resolve (Bruker) atomic force microscope in the PeakForce QNM in Air mode with the recording of the maps of adhesion forces and imaging of the topography of the studied surfaces.Results. The silver nanoparticles and exosomes had similar but statistically different diameters (45.59 ± 1.04 nm and 41.25 ± 0.91 nm, р < 0.001 t-test). Nevertheless, the silver nanoparticles were characterized by higher values of both height and free surface area in comparison with the corresponding values of the exosome parameters. This leads to a higher value of the spreading ration for exosomes (the average ratio of diameter to height (d/h) was 11.78 for exosomes and 6.67 for nanoparticles (p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test) due to greater adhesion properties of the exosome membranes compared to the silver nanoparticles and a lower value of the ratio of the particle volume to its surface area. Averaged over the nanoscale areas of the nanoparticle surface, the adhesion forces of exosomes were higher (3.2 ± 0.57 nN) compared to those of silver nanoparticles (2.2 ± 0.03 nN, p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test).Conclusion. The differences in the parameters of the geometric (diameter, height, free surface area) and mechanical properties (adhesion forces) of the silver nanoparticles and exosomes have been revealed, which allows identifying and differentiating of these nanoparticles by the methods of atomic force microscopy during the study of complex biological fluids with possible content of both the types of nanoparticles.
Neuropathy of the superior and middle cluneal nerves: methodological aspects of diagnostic blocks
Authors: Yurkovskiy A. M. , Nazarenko I. V. , Melnikova A. S. 
Published: November 2021

Objective: on the basis of a literature review, to select the most convenient method of a diagnostic block of the superior and middle cluneal nerves that can be used in wide clinical practice.Material. Publications that are deposited in PubMed resources and information portal eLIBRARY.RU and contain information on the application of diagnostic blocks of the superior and middle cluneal nerves were studied and analyzed.Results. The most important aspects dealing with the prospects of the application of diagnostic blocks in neuropathy of the superior and middle cluneal nerves have been selected.Conclusion. There is a variety of approaches to nerve block techniques and assessment of its results. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a step-by-step method for conducting diagnostic and therapeutic blocks in neuropathy of the superior and middle cluneal nerves that is convenient for use in wide clinical practice.
Effectiveness of leukotriene receptor antagonists in the treatment for atopic pathology in children
Authors: Zariankina A. I. , Mirrakhimova M. Kh. , Shamsieva E. R. 
Published: November 2021

Objective: to study the effectiveness of leukotriene receptor antagonists in the treatment foratopic pathology in children.Material and methods. 224 children with allergic diseases were prescribed to take montelucast for 3– 6 months.Results. Taking montelucast has lead to positive clinical dynamics in 75 % of the cases.A significant reduction of the eosinophil count was achieved on days 10–15 of the therapy. The Cys-LTC4/D4/E4 indices came to normal after a one-month course of montelucast therapy in 40.3 % of cases in children with bronchial asthma, in 63.3 % of cases in children with allergic rhinitis and in 60.5 % of cases in children with atopic dermatitis.Conclusions. The use of montelucast has significantly enhanced the control incidencerate ofallergic diseases in children.
Clinical features of the disease course in patients with solitary plasmacytoma and extramedullary multiple myeloma
Authors: Kozich Zh. M. , Martinkov V. N. , Pugacheva Zh. N. , Zhandarov M. Yu. , Smirnova L. A. 
Published: November 2021

Objective: to study the clinical laboratory features of the course of solitary plasmacytoma (SP) and extramedullary multiple myeloma (EMM).Material and methods. The study included 42 people (22 patients newly diagnosed with EMM and 20 patients diagnosed with SP of various localization). The results were evaluated after 3 years of the study. The median age in the SP group was 61.5 years, in the EMM group — 65 years.Results. A comparative analysis of the SP and EMM groups in terms of the clinical and laboratory parameters has found no statistical differences in the distribution of immunochemical variants. Significant differences were found in the frequency of determination of the abnormal ratio of immunoglobulin light chains (p = 0.046).In EMM, extramedullary lesions were the most common for patients with multiple lytic bone lesions of the skeleton. SP was the most frequently detected in lesions of the peripheral skeletal bones and vertebral bodies.Clinically, EMM was characterized by a more aggressive course if additional factors of an unfavorable prognosis (translocations, mutations) or unfavorable immunophenotypic markers (a combination of signs — expression of markers CD56 > 20 % and CD95 < 20 %) were identified or if the disease had been diagnosed at a young age.The presence of even a minimal number of tumor or aberrant plasma cells in the bone marrow of SP patients, an abnormal ratio of immunoglobulin light chains, paraprotein detected in blood serum or urine were all poor prognostic factors.Conclusion. The clinical course of SP and EMM combined with a young age, the presence of translocations or mutations, unfavorable immunophenotypic markers, is characterized by an increased frequency of progression or the development of resistance to the performed therapy.
Lymphocyte cytoskeleton reorganization caused by a short-term action of an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (50 Hz) on the blood in vitro
Authors: Shklyarova A. N. , Tsukanova E. V. , Starodubtseva M. N. , Cheshik I. A. 
Published: November 2021

Objective: to detect changes in the parameters of the structure and mechanical properties of the surface layer of lymphocytes in the blood of a rat after a single action (30 min and 2 h) of an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF EMF) on the rat`s whole blood in vitro.Material and methods. We exposed the whole blood of a Wistar rat (4.5 months) to the effect of ELF EMF (50 Hz, B = 0.79 mT), generated by an experimental setup based on a Helmholtz coil. Lymphocytes were isolated from the blood using the Histopaque-1077 density gradient sedimentation method, then were placed on the surface of glass slides and fixed with glutaraldehyde, and finally were dried. We performed atomic force microscopy (AFM) using the atomic force microscope Bioscope Resolve in the PeakForce QMN mode in air.Results. On the basis of the results of the analysis of the AFM images, we classified the lymphocytes into several morphological types depending on the size of the lamellopodium. We analyzed the mechanical properties of the surface areas sized 250 nm × 250 nm for lymphocytes with the lamellopodium sized 400–1100 nm. The analysis found an rise in the elastic modulus of the lymphocyte surface after a short-term action (30 min) of ELF EMF. When the time of the ELF EMF exposure was increased up to 2 hours, the elastic (elastic modulus) and adhesive properties (the adhesion force between the AFM probe tip and cell surface) of the lymphocytes were significantly weakened.Conclusion. For the first time using the AFM method we have detected nanoscale changes in the structure and mechanical properties of the surface of the rat`s lymphocytes after a short-term action of ELF EMF (50 Hz, 0.79 mT, 30 min), which are indicative of the activation of the functions of lymphocytes as an immune system component in response to the short-term exposure of ELF EMF.
Features of hardiness and emotional burnout among mid-level health providers at a district level
Authors: Lagodich T. Yu. , Novak N. G. , Soboleva L. G. , Sharshakova T. M. 
Published: November 2021

Objective: to study the features of emotional burnout among mid-level health providers having different hardiness levels.Material and methods. The study involved 104 mid-level health providers. To identify the features of hardiness and emotional burnout among the mid-level health providers, the method of diagnosing the level of emotional burnout (by V. V. Boyko) and the Hardiness Survey by S. Maddi (modified by E.N. Osin, E.I. Rasskazova) were used.Results. A considerably larger number of people having marked signs and symptoms of emotional burnout have been revealed in the group of health providers with a low hardiness level than in the groups of health providers having medium and high hardiness levels. The features of emotional burnout among mid-level health providers with different levels of hardiness have been identified.Conclusion. A high hardiness level will promote and enhance physical and mental health of health providers and is a means of preventing emotional exhaustion during professional activity.
Analysis of the demographic situation in Gomel region (2008–2019)
Authors: Ostrovsky A. M. , Koliada I. N. , Sharshakova T. M. 
Published: November 2021

Objective:to analyze the medical and demographic indicators in Gomel Region between 2008 to 2019 in dynamics.Material and methods.The source of initial information was the materials of the annual reports of the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus for the period from 2008 to 2019. The calculation and assessment of the demographic indicators were made according to the generally accepted method. The 95 % probability of differences (α = 0.05) was considered to be statistically significant.Results.The performed analysis has showed that an unfavorable demographic situation still persists in Gomel Region. Thus, the average population in 2019 decreased by 5.8 thousand people compared to 2008 and made up 1409.9 thousand people. The number of urban dwellers in the region made up 1095.4 thousand people and increased by 0.5 thousand people, the rural population decreased by 6.3 thousand people and made up 315.5 thousand people. The share of the rural population in the total population of the region is currently 23.3 %. On the whole, there is a negative natural increase. The natural decline remains stable and long-term, and in the year of 2019 it was — 3.8 ‰. The general mortality rate increased by 3.8 %, and the birth rate decreased by 4.9% compared to the previous year. The mortality rate among the working-age population remains high. The study has found the stabilization and even a decrease of child and infant mortalities over the past years.Conclusion.The analysis of the demographic processes in Gomel Region between 2008 and 2019 indicates their direct and significant negative impact on the population size and its age and sex structure. This tendency is not temporary, as it is associated with the current historical process. The number of residents in the region is constantly decreasing, which is mainly related to the stable natural decline. Taking into account the current demographic crisis not only in Gomel Region but also in other regions of the Republic of Belarus, health promotion and enhancement among the population should be the most important priorities of the state policy.
Using autologous red bone marrow aspirates for acceleration of wound healing
Authors: Fedzianin S. D. 
Published: November 2021

Objectives: to develop a method for management of chronic wounds based on the use of autologous red bone marrow aspirates.Material and methods. A randomized study of the second phase of the wound healing process was conducted in 72 patients with chronic wounds. The standard methods were used to assess the dynamics of the wound healing process.Results. The rate of the wound healing process in the main group was Me 6.0 (LQ 5.0; UQ 35.0) % per day, and in the control group — 3.0 (LQ 3.0; UQ 28.0) % per day, which was authentically twice as high in the use of autologous red bone marrow aspirates (p = 0.00036). The duration of the phase of granulation tissue formation and maturation in the main group was Me 5.0 (LQ 3.0; UQ 7.0) days, and in the control group — Me 12.0 (LQ 9.0; UQ 15.0) (p < 0.00001).Conclusion. The developed method of wound healing acceleration is characterized by its technical simplicity, convenience and cheapness. Its use makes it possible with high fidelity to reduce the duration of the second phase of the wound healing process by 7 days and leads to a two-fold increase in the healing rate of wound defects.
Study of clustered DNA lesions in the liver in acute toxic injury
Authors: Skuratov A. G. , Shaforost A. S. , Zyatskov A. A. , Lyzikov A. N. , Osipkina O. V. , Voropaev E. V. 
Published: November 2021

Objective: to test and optimize a method for detecting clustered DNA lesions with an assessment of the quantitative characteristics of hepatic changes using an experimental model of acute toxic hepatitis.Material and methods: Laboratory C57Bl/6 mice at the age of 10 weeks were used for the study. Acute toxic liver injury was induced by means of a single intraperitoneal injection of 30 % CCI4 solution in olive oil. The withdrawal of the animals from the experiment was made after 72 hours. For the detection of clustered DNA lesions, a liver fragment was resected.Results. The electrophoretic parameters which are the most optimal for obtaining primary data for the subsequent calculation of the number of clustered DNA lesions have been proposed. The number of clusters in the DNA samples from the animals of the control group is significantly lower than in the experimental group and amounts to 54.80 [37.65; 59.24] and 76.82 [60.95; 92.41] APE1 clusters per million bp., respectively.Conclusion. Successful testing and optimization of the OCDL method for the detection of clustered lesions in liver DNA have been performed. The study has shown an increase in the number of APE1 clusters and double-strand breaks in the DNA of the C57Bl laboratory mice with induced acute toxic hepatitis, which indicates significant derangement of DNA integrity and a high risk of developing progressive liver diseases in its toxic damage.