bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study of adolescent cancer survivors perspectives on social support from healthy peers – A RESPECT study
Authors: Ingersgaard Marianne Vie , Fridh Martin Kaj , Thorsteinsson Troels , Adamsen Lis , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Bækgaard Larsen Hanne 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents’ psychosocial development is generally influenced by their peers. Those facing hospital‐based cancer treatment are particularly challenged as they are isolated from their social network and lack sufficient coping resources.AimThis study explores the adolescent cancer survivor's perceptions and experiences with healthy classmate socialization support efforts via hospital co‐admittance, from diagnosis to reinstatement in school, as an intervention of the RESPECT (REhabilitation including Social and Physical Activity and Education in Children and Teenagers with cancer) Study.DesignA phenomenological, descriptive study.MethodsUsing variation sampling, 14 adolescents (aged 14–19), who completed the RESPECT intervention (April 2016–July 2017), participated in qualitative, in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews that were thematically analysed.FindingsFour themes emerged: (a) Ambassadors as liaison persons; (b) Ambassadors as promoters of normalization and identity continuity; (c) Ambassadors as ‘behind the scenes’ friends; and (d) feelings of vulnerability and inferiority. Ambassadors reinstated a sense of normalcy in the adolescents’ daily life. They supported identity construction and served as liaison persons who buffered loneliness and social isolation as well as bridging a continued sense of belonging to one's school peer network. In contrast with other peers, ambassadors understood cancer‐related issues, knowledge which they partially gained witnessing the impact of treatment‐related side effects on their hospitalized classmates. However, the consequence of this trade‐off was an asymmetry in their relationship, with the adolescents requiring a certain level of safeguard from their ambassadors to maintain equal power in the relationship.ConclusionThe ambassadors enhanced the adolescents’ ability to cope with their altered social position during treatment and to psychosocially reinstate it on their return to school.ImpactFuture interventions should offer opportunities for healthy peers to be educated in what it means to live with cancer. Future programs to sustain socialization in adolescents with cancer should involve healthy peers for the entirety of the treatment period.
Improved blood pressure control via a novel chronic disease management model of care in sub‐Saharan Africa: Real‐world program implementation results
Authors: Otieno Harun A. , Miezah Charles , Yonga Gerald , Kueffer Fred , Guy Molly , Lang'At Chemuttaai , Hettrick Douglas A. , Schmieder Roland 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA chronic disease management model of care (Empower Health) was launched in rural and urban areas of Ghana and Kenya in 2018. The goal was to improve disease awareness, reduce the burden of disease, and improve the clinical effectiveness and efficiency of managing hypertension. Leveraging the model, clinicians provide patients with tailored management plans. Patients accessed regular blood pressure checks at home, at the clinic, or at community‐partner locations where they received real‐time feedback. On the mobile application, clinicians viewed patient data, provided direct patient feedback, and wrote electronic prescriptions accessible through participating pharmacies. To date, 1266 patients had been enrolled in the “real‐world” implementation cohort and followed for an average of 351 ± 133 days across 5 facilities. Average baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 145 ± 21 mmHg in the overall cohort and 159 ± 16 mmHg in the subgroup with uncontrolled hypertension (n = 743) as defined by baseline SBP ≥ 140 mmHg. SBP decreased significantly through 12 months in both the overall cohort (−9.4 mmHg, p < .001) and in the uncontrolled subgroup (−17.6 mmHg, p < .001). The proportion patients with controlled pressure increased from 46% at baseline to 77% at 12 months (p < .001). In summary, a new chronic disease management model of care improved and sustained blood pressure control to 12 months, especially in those with elevated blood pressure at enrollment.
PGC‐1α protects from myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury by regulating mitonuclear communication
Authors: Li Yan‐Qing , Jiao Yan , Liu Ya‐Nan , Fu Jia‐ying , Sun Lian‐Kun , Su Jing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe recovery of blood supply after a period of myocardial ischaemia does not restore the heart function and instead results in a serious dysfunction called myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI), which involves several complex pathophysiological processes. Mitochondria have a wide range of functions in maintaining the cellular energy supply, cell signalling and programmed cell death. When mitochondrial function is insufficient or disordered, it may have adverse effects on myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion and therefore mitochondrial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress a core molecular mechanism of IRI. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma co‐activator 1α (PGC‐1α) is an important antioxidant molecule found in mitochondria. However, its role in IRI has not yet been systematically summarized. In this review, we speculate the role of PGC‐1α as a key regulator of mitonuclear communication, which may interacts with nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like ‐1 and ‐2 (NRF‐1/2) to inhibit mitochondrial oxidative stress, promote the clearance of damaged mitochondria, enhance mitochondrial biogenesis, and reduce the burden of IRI.
Differential effects of mesalazine formulations on thiopurine metabolism through thiopurine S‐methyltransferase inhibition
Authors: Morikubo Hiromu , Kobayashi Taku , Ozaki Ryo , Okabayashi Shinji , Kuronuma Satoshi , Takeuchi Osamu , Shiba Tenyo , Kiyohara Hiroki , Matsubayashi Mao , Sagami Shintaro , Nakano Masaru , Ikezaki Osamu , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Tanaka Yoichi , Hibi Toshifumi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThiopurines are often used in combination with mesalazine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Mesalazine formulations are delivered to the digestive tract by various delivery systems and absorbed as 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA). 5‐ASA is known to inhibit thiopurine S‐methyltransferase (TPMT) activity and to affect thiopurine metabolism. There have been no studies comparing TPMT inhibition by multimatrix mesalazine (MMX) with other formulations. We investigated the difference in TPMT inhibition by different mesalazine formulations and prospectively confirmed the clinical relevance.MethodsPlasma concentrations of 5‐ASA, N‐acetyl‐5‐aminosalicylic acid (N‐Ac‐5‐ASA), and TPMT activities were measured in UC patients receiving various mesalazine formulations (time‐dependent or pH‐dependent mesalazine or MMX) as monotherapy. Patients already on both time‐dependent or pH‐dependent mesalazine and thiopurines switched their mesalazine to MMX, examining 6‐thioguanine nucleotide (6‐TGN) and 6‐methylmercaptopurine (6‐MMP) 0 and 8 weeks after switching. Clinical relapse after switching was also monitored for 24 weeks.ResultsPlasma 5‐ASA and N‐Ac‐5‐ASA levels were significantly higher in patients receiving time‐dependent mesalazine (n = 12) compared with pH‐dependent mesalazine (n = 12) and MMX (n = 15), accompanied by greater TPMT inhibition. Prospective switching from time‐dependent mesalazine to MMX decreased 6‐TGN levels, increased those of 6‐MMP, and increased 6‐MMP/6‐TGN ratios. Furthermore, this resulted in significantly more relapses than switching from pH‐dependent mesalazine to MMX.ConclusionsTime‐dependent mesalazine has higher plasma 5‐ASA and N‐Ac‐5‐ASA levels and greater TPMT inhibition than MMX. Therefore, switching from time‐dependent mesalazine to MMX may lead to an increase of 6‐MMP/6‐TGN, which may reduce the clinical effectiveness of thiopurines, warranting close monitoring after switch.
Automated Frailty Screening At‐Scale for Pre‐Operative Risk Stratification Using the Electronic Frailty Index
Authors: Callahan Kathryn E. , Clark Clancy J. , Edwards Angela F. , Harwood Timothy N. , Williamson Jeff D. , Moses Adam W. , Willard James J. , Cristiano Joseph A. , Meadows Kellice , Hurie Justin , High Kevin P. , Meredith J. Wayne , Pajewski Nicholas M. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundFrailty is associated with numerous post‐operative adverse outcomes in older adults. Current pre‐operative frailty screening tools require additional data collection or objective assessments, adding expense and limiting large‐scale implementation.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of an automated measure of frailty integrated within the Electronic Health Record (EHR) with post‐operative outcomes for nonemergency surgeries.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAcademic Medical Center.ParticipantsPatients 65 years or older that underwent nonemergency surgery with an inpatient stay 24 hours or more between October 8th, 2017 and June 1st, 2019.ExposuresFrailty as measured by a 54‐item electronic frailty index (eFI).Outcomes and MeasurementsInpatient length of stay, requirements for post‐acute care, 30‐day readmission, and 6‐month all‐cause mortality.ResultsOf 4,831 unique patients (2,281 females (47.3%); mean (SD) age, 73.2 (5.9) years), 4,143 (85.7%) had sufficient EHR data to calculate the eFI, with 15.1% categorized as frail (eFI > 0.21) and 50.9% pre‐frail (0.10 < eFI ≤ 0.21). For all outcomes, there was a generally a gradation of risk with higher eFI scores. For example, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and American Society of Anesthesiologists class, and accounting for variability by service line, patients identified as frail based on the eFI, compared to fit patients, had greater needs for post‐acute care (odds ratio (OR) = 1.68; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.36–2.08), higher rates of 30‐day readmission (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.46; 95%CI = 1.72–3.52) and higher all‐cause mortality (HR = 2.86; 95%CI = 1.84–4.44) over 6 months' follow‐up.ConclusionsThe eFI, an automated digital marker for frailty integrated within the EHR, can facilitate pre‐operative frailty screening at scale.
Implementing Health Care Quality Measures in Electronic Health Records: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Campbell Claire M. , Murphy Daniel R. , Taffet George E. , Major Anita B. , Ritchie Christine S. , Leff Bruce , Naik Aanand D. 
Published: January 2021

Background/ObjectivesThere is significant literature on the development and validation of quality measures, but comparably less on their implementation into learning health systems. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have made vast amounts of data available for quality improvement purposes. In this paper we describe a conceptual model for EHR implementation of quality measures.DesignThe model involves five steps: (1) select a measure; (2) define measure criteria; (3) validate criteria and measurement process; (4) improve recording of measure‐related activity; and (5) engage quality improvement processes. The model was used to develop and implement a quality measure in the Home‐Based Medical Care (HBMC) setting.SettingHarris Health House Call Program (HHHC) provides primary medical and palliative care for homebound patients in Houston.ParticipantsFour‐hundred twenty‐four primary care patients followed in the HHHC.MeasurementCompletion rate of the 9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) within the Electronic Health Record of newly enrolled HHHC patients.ResultsUse of the conceptual model to guide implementation of a quality measure of depression screening in a HMBC practice was successful. Additional components of early leadership and clinician buy‐in were required, as well as strong relationships with IT to ease implementation and limit disruptions in clinicians' work‐flow.ConclusionThis conceptual model was feasible for guiding implementation of a quality measure for depression care of HBMC patients, and it can guide broader implementation of EHR‐based quality measures in the future.
MYB106 is a negative regulator and a substrate for CRL3BPM E3 ligase in regulating flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Hong Liu , Niu Fangfang , Lin Youshun , Wang Shuang , Chen Liyuan , Jiang Liwen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFlowering time is crucial for successful reproduction in plants, the onset and progression of which are strictly controlled. However, flowering time is a complex and environmentally responsive history trait and the underlying mechanisms still need to be fully characterized. Post‐translational regulation of the activities of transcription factors (TFs) is a dynamic and essential mechanism for plant growth and development. CRL3BPM E3 ligase is a CULLIN3‐based E3 ligase involved in orchestrating protein stability via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Our study shows that the mutation of MYB106 induced early flowering phenotype while over‐expression of MYB106 delayed Arabidopsis flowering. Transcriptome analysis of myb106 mutants reveals 257 differentially expressed genes between wild type and myb106‐1 mutants, including Flowering Locus T (FT) which is related to flowering time. Moreover, in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP‐qPCR) assays and dual luciferase assays demonstrate that MYB106 directly binds to the promoter of FT to suppress its expression. Furthermore, we confirm that MYB106 interacts with BPM proteins which are further identified by CRL3BPM E3 ligases as the substrate. Taken together, we have identified MYB106 as a negative regulator in the control of flowering time and a new substrate for CRL3BPM E3 ligases in Arabidopsis.
Quality of life assessment of cell‐free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy during initial treatment for advanced ovarian cancer: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Yamamoto Kasumi , Nagao Shoji , Tsu Tomoharu , Matsushima Taeko , Ishido Yoshimi , Narita Moyu , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Nakazawa Hiroshi , Shibutani Takashi , Jimi Tomoatsu , Yano Hiroko , Kitai Miho , Shiozaki Takaya , Matsuoka Kazuko , Yamaguchi Satoshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimCell‐free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) is applied to relieve symptoms in patients with malignant ascites. We performed a prospective cohort study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CART performed on patients with advanced ovarian and peritoneal cancers with massive ascites during the initial treatment.MethodsFrom April 2018 to July 2020, CART was performed during the initial treatment of 31 patients with advanced ovarian and peritoneal cancers with cancerous ascites. Patient characteristics and clinical information before and after CART were collected. We performed quality of life assessment using the Japanese version of the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI‐J) 24 h before and after CART.ResultsCART was performed 38 times in 24 patients before or during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 11 times in 11 patients prior to surgery. Four patients underwent CART before primary surgery and before and/or during chemotherapy. Grade 1–2 fever was observed in 18 of 31 cases (58%), and all were controllable by nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. CART did not adversely affect the main treatment, chemotherapy, or surgery. CART significantly improved the MDASI‐J symptom and interference scores within 24 h after the procedure. The symptom and interference scores decreased from 2.4 to 1.8 and from 4.8 to 3.0, respectively.ConclusionsCART can be safely performed and is useful for symptom relief and improvement of general condition prior to initial surgery and during initial chemotherapy in ovarian and peritoneal cancers. Performing CART at the time of initial treatment may facilitate initiation of the main treatment.
Mathematical Modeling of Thermal Damage Estimate Volumes in MR‐guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy
Authors: Liang Allison S. , Munier Sean M. , Danish Shabbar F. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEMagnetic resonance‐guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) is a minimally invasive procedure that produces real‐time thermal damage estimates (TDEs) of ablation. Currently, MRgLITT software provides limited quantitative parameters for intraoperative monitoring, but orthogonal TDE‐MRI slices can be utilized to mathematically estimate ablation volume. The objective of this study was to model TDE volumes and validate using post‐24 hours MRI ablative volumes.METHODSAblations were performed with the Visualase Laser Ablation System (Medtronic). Using ellipsoidal parameters determined for dual‐TDEs from orthogonal MRI planes, TDE volumes were calculated by two definite integral methods (A and B) implemented in Matlab (MathWorks). Post‐24 hours MRI ablative volumes were measured in OsiriX (Pixmeo) by two‐blinded raters and compared to TDE volumes via paired t‐test and Pearson's correlations.RESULTSTwenty‐two ablations for 20 patients with various intracranial pathologies were included. Average TDE volume calculated with method A was 3.44 ± 1.96 cm3 and with method B was 4.83 ± 1.53 cm3. Method A TDE volumes were significantly different than post‐24 hours volumes (P < .001). Method B TDE volumes were not significantly different than post‐24 hours volumes (P = .39) and strongly correlated with each other (r = .85, R2 = .72, P < .0001). A total of eight of 22 (36%) method A versus 17 of 22 (77%) method B TDE volumes were within 25% of the post‐24 hours ablative volume.CONCLUSIONWe present a viable mathematical method integrating dual‐plane TDEs to calculate volumes. Future algorithmic iterations will incorporate additional calculated variables that improve ablative volume estimations.
What Constitutes Good Quality End‐of‐Life Care? Perspectives of People With Intellectual Disabilities and Their Families
Authors: Cithambarm Kumaresan , Duffy Mel , Courtney Eileen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDue to increased life expectancy, just as with the general population, people with intellectual disabilities are experiencing, and dying from, chronic and life‐limiting conditions. This has led to an increase in the need for end‐of‐life care for people with intellectual disabilities. However, there is limited evidence as to what constitutes good end‐of‐life care from the perspectives of people with intellectual disabilities and their family members.MethodsThe study reported here aimed to find out the care needs of people with intellectual disabilities at the end of life in Ireland. A grounded theory approach was employed to explore the perspectives of the participants. After obtaining appropriate ethical approval, 19 semi‐structured individual interviews were carried out with 11 people with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities and eight family members to collect data which was subsequently analyzed through constant comparative analysis.ResultsThe views of the participants suggested that providing personal care while vulnerable and dying, being with and communicating with the dying person, and meeting their spiritual needs, were considered as being essential at the end of life for people with intellectual disabilities.ConclusionThe findings from this study have shown that people with intellectual disabilities can engage with those around them and demonstrate how they would like to be cared for, and discuss what would be considered as being good care at the end of life.
Language‐Focused Interventions on Math Performance for English Learners: A Selective Meta‐Analysis of the Literature
Authors: Arizmendi Genesis D. , Li Jui‐Teng , Van Horn M. Lee , Petcu Stefania D. , Swanson H. Lee 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis meta‐analysis synthesized research on math performance outcomes for English learners (EL) as a function of language‐focused (math vocabulary) interventions. We included group and single‐subject design studies with children from kindergarten to 8th grade (3,766 students for group, 30 for single‐subject). Group studies yielded a mean Hedges’ g of 0.26 in favor of the interventions relative to the control conditions, whereas single‐subject studies yielded a mean Percentage of Non‐Overlapping Data of 81.01% and Phi coefficient of .66 relative to baseline. Although group studies yielded small effect sizes (ESs), we found significant moderators for grade level, intervention focus, and length of intervention. Single‐subject studies yielded higher ESs than group studies, and were considered generally effective, with a high ES. This finding was attributed to a direct focus on children with math difficulties and one‐to‐one instruction. The implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Study of Bursa L6 ordinary chondrite by X‐ray diffraction, magnetization measurements, and Mössbauer spectroscopy
Authors: Maksimova Alevtina A. , Petrova Evgeniya V. , Chukin Andrey V. , Unsalan Ozan , Szabó Ábel , Dankházi Zoltán , Felner Israel , Zamyatin Dmitry A. , Kuzmann Ernő , Homonnay Zoltán , Oshtrakh Michael I. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report the results of the complex study of the bulk interior of Bursa L6 ordinary chondrite using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), magnetization measurements, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The main and minor iron‐bearing phases and their chemical compositions were determined by these techniques. The detected iron‐bearing phases in the bulk interior of Bursa L6 are the following: olivine; orthopyroxene; Ca‐rich clinopyroxene; troilite; chromite; hercynite; ilmenite; the α2‐Fe(Ni, Co), α‐Fe(Ni, Co), and γ‐Fe(Ni, Co) phases; and ferrihydrite resulting from meteorite terrestrial weathering. Using the EMPA, the values of fayalite and ferrosilite were obtained as ~25.2% and ~21.4%, respectively. The unit cell parameters for silicate crystals were determined from XRD, then the Fe2+ and Mg2+ occupations of the M1 and M2 sites in these crystals were estimated. Further calculations of the ratios of the Fe2+ occupancies in the M1 and M2 sites in olivine and orthopyroxene based on XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy appeared to be in a good agreement. The temperatures of equilibrium cation distributions for olivine and orthopyroxene obtained from these techniques are consistent: 623 K (XRD) and 625 K (Mössbauer spectroscopy) for olivine and 1138 K (XRD) and 1122 K (Mössbauer spectroscopy) for orthopyroxene.
A Francisella tularensis L,D‐carboxypeptidase plays important roles in cell morphology, envelope integrity, and virulence
Authors: Zellner Briana , Mengin‐Lecreulx Dominique , Tully Brenden , Gunning William T. , Booth Robert , Huntley Jason F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFrancisella tularensis is a Gram‐negative, intracellular bacterium that causes the zoonotic disease tularemia. Intracellular pathogens, including F. tularensis, have evolved mechanisms to survive in the harsh environment of macrophages and neutrophils, where they are exposed to cell envelope‐damaging molecules. The bacterial cell wall, primarily composed of peptidoglycan (PG), maintains cell morphology, structure, and membrane integrity. Intracellular Gram‐negative bacteria protect themselves from macrophage and neutrophil killing by recycling and repairing damaged PG––a process that involves over 50 different PG synthesis and recycling enzymes. Here, we identified a PG recycling enzyme, L,D‐carboxypeptidase A (LdcA), of F. tularensis that is responsible for converting PG tetrapeptide stems to tripeptide stems. Unlike E. coli LdcA and most other orthologs, F. tularensis LdcA does not localize to the cytoplasm and also exhibits L,D‐endopeptidase activity, converting PG pentapeptide stems to tripeptide stems. Loss of F. tularensis LdcA led to altered cell morphology and membrane integrity, as well as attenuation in a mouse pulmonary infection model and in primary and immortalized macrophages. Finally, an F. tularensis ldcA mutant protected mice against virulent Type A F. tularensis SchuS4 pulmonary challenge.