bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with hiatal hernia in neurologically impaired children
Authors: Yoo In Hyuk , Joo Jung Yeon , Yang Hye Ran 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundHiatal hernia is clinically important because it impairs the protective mechanism that prevents gastroesophageal reflux‐induced injury. Diagnosing hiatal hernia is more important in neurologically impaired children because hiatal hernia‐induced gastroesophageal reflux often causes severe complications such as aspiration pneumonia or malnutrition. We aimed to evaluate the patient characteristics and early predictors of hiatal hernia in neurologically impaired children.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated 97 neurologically impaired children who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and upper gastrointestinal series between March 2004 and June 2019. Demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as endoscopic and radiological findings, were statistically analyzed.ResultsOf the 97 children recruited, 22 (22.7%) had hiatal hernia. When comparing the non‐hiatal hernia group with the hiatal hernia group, neurological disease longer than 6 months (odds ratio 10.9, 95% confidence interval 1.2–96.5), wasting (odds ratio 4.6, 95% confidence interval 1.3–16.3), enteral tube feeding (odds ratio 9.2, 95% confidence interval 1.6–53.0), and history of aspiration pneumonia (odds ratio 6.5, 95% confidence interval 1.2–34.5) were identified as early predictors of hiatal hernia.ConclusionsTimely identification of predictors of developing hiatal hernia in neurologically impaired children is important for early diagnostic confirmation to initiate optimal medical or surgical treatment of hiatal hernia to avoid serious complications such as aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition.
Talk or type? The effect of digital interfaces on citizens' satisfaction with standardized public services
Authors: Prokop Christine , Tepe Markus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough digital interfaces are increasingly pervading public administration, little is known about how replacing face‐to‐face interaction with digital interfaces affects citizens' satisfaction with public service encounters. This study presents evidence from a vignette experiment conducted on a sample of German citizens (N = 1.234) whereby we randomly varied the type of public service request with regard to its psychological costs, service quality, and the type of interaction (face‐to‐face, self‐service terminal, or app). We found that replacing face‐to‐face communication with a digital interface has no effect on citizens' satisfaction, nor does it mitigate the effect of psychological costs, service failure, and recovery. Corroborating previous research on service recovery, we found that explaining and apologizing partially compensates for failure. Based on these results, we conclude that using digital interfaces does not undermine the goal to enhance citizen satisfaction with public services.
The Ideological Predictors of Moral Appeals by European Political Elites; An Exploration of the Use of Moral Rhetoric in Multiparty Systems
Authors: Bos Linda , Minihold Sophie 
Published: April 2021

Moral rhetoric is a powerful tool for any politician. Yet knowledge on the actual use of political moral appeals is scarce and mostly limited to two‐party systems. This study is the first to systematically investigate the use of moral appeals in formal and informal political elite communication in the multiparty systems of Austria, Germany, and the Netherlands. This allows us to look beyond the unidimensional left‐right axis, instead investigating the extent to which the economic, the sociocultural, and the populist dimension explain differences in moral language. The Moral Foundations Dictionary is used in automated content analyses to study the presence of (different) moral appeals in party manifestos (n = 171,639) and tweets (n = 1,130,073). The results show that West European political elites use a fair amount of moral appeals in their political communication (41.6% of manifesto statements and 33.3% of tweets). Commonalities in the usage of moral language are larger than differences. Yet found differences are multidimensional. Especially when communication is less scripted, political elites tend to distinguish themselves from opponents in their appeals to different moral foundations. Most importantly, these appeals are congruent with ideological values.
Gender and Rural Vitality: Empowerment through Women's Community Groups*
Authors: Pilela Majokweni Zipo‐Zihle , Molnar Joseph J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRural women are often the main supporters of their families and have been involved in improving the quality of life for households and communities. Sustainable rural development and poverty reduction is linked to empowering women. Community groups are one mechanism for empowering women and fostering economic development in rural KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. For the poor, the ability to organize and mobilize to solve problems is crucial because collective capability assists in overcoming challenges arising from marginalization and limited resources. Even though considerable work has been done on the impact of institutional support for community groups, it is not well documented how the efforts of women's community groups actually lead to improved socioeconomic wellbeing. The results of the study elucidate the positive impact of female group membership as a mechanism for advancing livelihoods and socio‐economic wellbeing. Empowering women's groups as micro‐institutions of economic and social advancement is a fundamental tool for improving the well‐being of women and their children. The findings are intended to help institutions that work with women groups improve the impact and sustainability of these key mechanisms for development intervention.
The Hierarchical Evolution in Human Vision Modeling
Authors: Ballard Dana H. , Zhang Ruohan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractComputational models of primate vision took a significant advance with David Marr's tripartite separation of the vision enterprise into the problem formulation, algorithm, and neural implementation; however, many subsequent parallel developments in robotics and modeling greatly refined the algorithm descriptions into very distinct levels that complement each other. This review traces the time course of these developments and shows how the current perspective evolved to have its alternative internal hierarchical organization.
Anisotropic constant-roll inflation with noncommutative model and swampland conjectures
Authors: Sadeghi J. , Gashti S. Noori 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study a constant-roll inflationary model in the presence of a noncommutative parameter with a homogeneous scalar field minimally coupled to gravity. The specific noncommutative inflation conditions proposed new consequences. On the other hand, we use anisotropic conditions and find new anisotropic constant-roll solutions with respect to noncommutative parameter. Also, we will plot some figures with respect to the specific values of the corresponding parameter and the swampland criteria which is raised from the exact potential obtained from the constant-roll condition. Finally, different of figures lead us to analyze the corresponding results and also show the effect of above mentioned parameter on the inflationary model.
SIRT5 Is a Druggable Metabolic Vulnerability in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Yan Dongqing , Franzini Anca , Pomicter Anthony D. , Halverson Brayden J. , Antelope Orlando , Mason Clinton C. , Ahmann Jonathan M. , Senina Anna V. , Vellore Nadeem A. , Jones Courtney L. , Zabriskie Matthew S. , Than Hein , Xiao Michael J. , van Scoyk Alexandria , Patel Ami B. , Clair Phillip M. , Heaton William L. , Owen Shawn C. , Andersen Joshua L. , Egbert Christina M. , Reisz Julie A. , D'Alessandro Angelo , Cox James E. , Gantz Kevin C. , Redwine Hannah M. , Iyer Siddharth M. , Khorashad Jamshid S. , Rajabi Nima , Olsen Christian A. , O'Hare Thomas , Deininger Michael W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We discovered that the survival and growth of many primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples and cell lines, but not normal CD34+ cells, are dependent on SIRT5, a lysine deacylase implicated in regulating multiple metabolic pathways. Dependence on SIRT5 is genotype agnostic and extends to RAS- and p53-mutated AML. Results were comparable between SIRT5 knockdown and SIRT5 inhibition using NRD167, a potent and selective SIRT5 inhibitor. Apoptosis induced by SIRT5 disruption is preceded by reductions in oxidative phosphorylation and glutamine utilization, and an increase in mitochondrial superoxide that is attenuated by ectopic superoxide dismutase 2. These data indicate that SIRT5 controls and coordinates several key metabolic pathways in AML and implicate SIRT5 as a vulnerability in AML.

Significance:
Reducing SIRT5 activity is detrimental to the survival of AML cells regardless of genotype, yet well tolerated by healthy hematopoietic cells. In mouse models, disrupting SIRT5 inhibits AML progression. SIRT5 controls several metabolic pathways that are required for leukemia cell survival. These results identify SIRT5 as a therapeutic target in AML.
See related commentary by Li and Melnick, p. 198.
Non-oncogene Addiction to SIRT5 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Li Meng , Melnick Ari M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Summary:
In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Yan and colleagues discovered that mitochondrial deacylase, SIRT5, is required in AML cells to support mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, maintain redox homeostasis, and drive glutaminolysis. The new SIRT5 inhibitor, NRD167, can efficiently target SIRT5 in AMLs at micromolar range and may constitute a novel therapeutic approach to improve clinical outcomes of patients with AML.
See related article by Yan et al., p. 266.
The diet and vegetation composition of Egyptian tortoise habitat in North Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Attum Omar , Rabia Basem , El-Bana Magdy , Baha El Din Sherif 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We studied the diet and vegetation composition of Egyptian tortoise, Testudo kleinmanni, habitat in North Sinai, Egypt. Dietary data was recorded through direct observations and the vegetation composition was recorded through the use of quadrats and line transects in 66 sampling points (33 in tortoise areas and 33 in non-tortoise areas). Our results showed that vegetation of Egyptian tortoise habitat had high species richness, Simpson’s diversity index, and vegetation cover in contrast to areas without Egyptian tortoises. These tortoises ate thirty four species of plants, a majority of these being perennials, with most feeding observations occurring in spring and winter. The consumption of perennials may enable Egyptian tortoises to find and consume food in an arid environment with low, variable and unpredictable rainfall. The plants most consumed were rare in our vegetation survey, suggesting food preferences. Our study suggests that Egyptian tortoises, which rely on vegetation for food and refugia, may suffer if vegetation cover and richness decrease.
The Trade Policies of Brexit Britain: the Influence of and Impacts on the Devolved Nations
Authors: Eiser David , McEwen Nicola , Roy Graeme 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the extent to which the UK’s three devolved governments have sought and achieved influence on the UK Government’s evolving post-Brexit international trade policy, distinguishing their influence at key stages of the trade policy cycle (mandate, negotiations and implementation). Despite carrying the legal responsibility to implement those aspects of trade deals that fall within areas of devolved competence, the devolved governments’ attempts to secure meaningful influence on the UK’s trade agreements have largely been frustrated. This reflects a lack of trust between the devolved and UK governments, weaknesses in the framework for and operation of intergovernmental relations, and a strong desire of the UK government to retain control centrally wherever possible. The resulting tensions have exacerbated devolved governments’ concerns over the authority of the devolved institutions post-Brexit.
The Redundant Signals Effect and the Full Body Illusion: not Multisensory, but Unisensory Tactile Stimuli Are Affected by the Illusion
Authors: Swinkels Lieke M. J. , Veling Harm , van Schie Hein T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
During a full body illusion (FBI), participants experience a change in self-location towards a body that they see in front of them from a third-person perspective and experience touch to originate from this body. Multisensory integration is thought to underlie this illusion. In the present study we tested the redundant signals effect (RSE) as a new objective measure of the illusion that was designed to directly tap into the multisensory integration underlying the illusion. The illusion was induced by an experimenter who stroked and tapped the participant’s shoulder and underarm, while participants perceived the touch on the virtual body in front of them via a head-mounted display. Participants performed a speeded detection task, responding to visual stimuli on the virtual body, to tactile stimuli on the real body and to combined (multisensory) visual and tactile stimuli. Analysis of the RSE with a race model inequality test indicated that multisensory integration took place in both the synchronous and the asynchronous condition. This surprising finding suggests that simultaneous bodily stimuli from different (visual and tactile) modalities will be transiently integrated into a multisensory representation even when no illusion is induced. Furthermore, this finding suggests that the RSE is not a suitable objective measure of body illusions. Interestingly however, responses to the unisensory tactile stimuli in the speeded detection task were found to be slower and had a larger variance in the asynchronous condition than in the synchronous condition. The implications of this finding for the literature on body representations are discussed.
“In Flesh and Bones”
Authors: Falque Emmanuel , Rios Christopher C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Everyone can agree that the mystery of the Incarnation is difficult to believe and to understand, and yet it is precisely what Christians do not cease to profess. The most innocent questions concerning the “carnal consistency” of the Resurrected One today are omitted for want of a suitable and contemporary anthropology for us to ask them. But that a body made of “flesh and bones” can indeed now claim to appear and reappear in what we ordinarily call a horizon of reality or objectivity goes against our faculties of thought and even imagination. Philosophy must aim to render comprehensible this mystery of a God made body.
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Operative Therapy in Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy With Debridement and Double-Row Refixation
Authors: Greiner Fabian , Trnka Hans-Jörg , Chraim Michel , Neunteufel Elena , Bock Peter 
Published: April 2021

Background: Insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) is a painful pathology in which the strongest and thickest tendon of the human body is affected. Different conservative and operative treatments have been described to address this pathology. This study aimed to evaluate the medium-term clinical and radiological outcomes of patients who underwent a surgical therapy via a longitudinal tendon-splitting approach with debridement and double-row refixation. Methods: All patients were assessed pre- and postoperatively using a visual analog scale (VAS), the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Hindfoot Score, the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), and the Foot Function Index (FFI). Additionally, a lateral radiograph of the foot was performed to assess the postoperative result. Forty-two patients with confirmed IAT who underwent surgery between 2013 and 2017 with a longitudinal tendon-splitting approach and tendon refixation using a double-row refixation system were evaluated. The average follow-up was 32.8 (range, 18-52) months. We included 26 female and 16 male patients with an average age of 56.8 (range, 27-73) years. Results: The mean VAS improved from 8.91 ± 1.0 preoperatively to 1.47 ± 2.5 postoperatively ( P < .01). AOFAS scores improved significantly from 51.0 ± 12.5 preoperatively to 91.3 ± 14.3 postoperatively ( P < .01). All total and subscores of the FFI and FAOS saw a significant improvement at follow-up ( P < .01). Lateral radiographs showed recurrent calcification in 30 patients (71.4%). Conclusion: We found that, at an average of 33 months posttreatment, insertional Achilles tendinopathy via a longitudinal tendon-splitting approach resulted in good outcomes for patients after failure of initial conservative therapy. Recurrent calcification seems to be very common but shows no association with inferior outcomes or the return of symptoms. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Concordance and Prognostic Relevance of Angiographic and Clinical Definitions of Myocardial Infarction Type
Authors: Hoang Truong H. , Lazarev Pavel V. , Maiskov Victor V. , Merai Imad A. , Kobalava Zhanna D. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Atherothrombosis is the principal mechanism of type 1 (T1) myocardial infarction (MI), while type 2 (T2) MI is typically diagnosed in the presence of triggers (anemia, arrhythmia, etc.). We aimed to evaluate the proportions of T1 vs. T2 MI based on angiographic and clinical definitions, their concordance and prognosis. Methods: Consecutive MI patients [n = 712, 61% male; age 64.6 ± 12.3 years] undergoing coronary angiography were classified according to the presence of atherothrombosis and identifiable triggers. Association of angiographic and clinical MI type criteria with adverse outcomes (Time follow-up was 1.5 years) was evaluated. Predictive ability of GRACE risk score for all-cause mortality was then assessed. Results: Atherothrombosis and clinical triggers were identified in 397 (55.6%) and 324 (45.5%) subjects, respectively. Only 247 (34.7%) patients had “true” T1MI (atherothrombosis+ / triggers−); 174 (24.4%) were diagnosed with “true” T2MI (atherothrombosis− / triggers+), while 291 (40.9%) had discordant clinical and angiographic characteristics. All-cause mortality in T2MI (20.1%) patients was higher than in T1MI (9.3%), P = 0.002. Presence of triggers [odds ratio (OR) 2.4, 95% CI 1.5-3.6, P < 0.0001] but not atherothrombosis [OR 0.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5-1.3, P = 0.26] was associated with worse prognosis. GRACE score is a better predictor of death in T1MI vs. T2MI: area under curve 0.893 (95% CI 0.830-0.956) vs 0.748 (95% CI 0.652-0.843), P = 0.013 Conclusion: Angiographic and clinical definitions of MI type are discordant in a substantial proportion of patients. Clinical triggers are associated with all-cause mortality. Predictive performance of GRACE score is worse in T2MI patients.
Identification and evolution analysis of the JAZ gene family in maize
Authors: Han Yang , Luthe Dawn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundJasmonates (JAs) are important for plants to coordinate growth, reproduction, and defense responses. In JA signaling, jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins serve as master regulators at the initial stage of herbivores attacks. Although discovered in many plant species, little in-depth characterization of JAZ gene expression has been reported in the agronomically important crop, maize (Zea maysL.).ResultsIn this study 16 JAZ genes from the maize genome were identified and classified. Phylogenetic analyses were performed from maize, rice, sorghum, Brachypodium, and Arabidopsis using deduced protein sequences, total six clades were proposed and conservation was observed in each group, such as similar gene exon/intron structures. Synteny analysis across four monocots indicated these JAZ gene families had a common ancestor, and duplication events in maize genome may drive the expansion of JAZ gene family, including genome-wide duplication (GWD), transposon, and/or tandem duplication. Strong purifying selection acted on all JAZ genes except those in group 4, which were under neutral selection. Further, we cloned three paralogous JAZ gene pairs from two maize inbreds differing in JA levels and insect resistance, and gene polymorphisms were observed between two inbreds.ConclusionsHere we analyzed the composition and evolution of JAZ genes in maize with three other monocot plants. Extensive phylogenetic and synteny analysis revealed the expansion and selection fate of maize JAZ. This is the first study comparing the difference between two inbreds, and we propose genotype-specific JAZ gene expression might be present in maize plants. Since genetic redundancy in JAZ gene family hampers our understanding of their role in response to specific elicitors, we hope this research could be pertinent to elucidating the defensive responses in plants.
Cross-talk between transcriptome, phytohormone and HD-ZIP gene family analysis illuminates the molecular mechanism underlying fruitlet abscission in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L)
Authors: Qiu Zhilang , Wen Zhuang , Hou Qiandong , Qiao Guang , Yang Kun , Hong Yi , Wen Xiaopeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The shedding of premature sweet cherry (Prunus avium L) fruitlet has significantly impacted production, which in turn has a consequential effect on economic benefits.

Result
To better understand the molecular mechanism of sweet cherry fruitlet abscission, pollen viability and structure had been observed from the pollination trees. Subsequently, the morphological characters of the shedding fruitlet, the plant hormone titers of dropping carpopodium, the transcriptome of the abscising carpopodium, as well as the HD-ZIP gene family were investigated. These findings showed that the pollens giving rise to heavy fruitlet abscission were malformed in structure, and their viability was lower than the average level. The abscising fruitlet and carpopodium were characterized in red color, and embryos of abscising fruitlet were aborted, which was highly ascribed to the low pollen viability and malformation. Transcriptome analysis showed 6462 were significantly differentially expressed, of which 2456 genes were up-regulated and 4006 down-regulated in the abscising carpopodium. Among these genes, the auxin biosynthesis and signal transduction genes (α-Trp, AUX1), were down-regulated, while the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase gene (ACO) affected in ethylene biosynthesis, was up-regulated in abscising carpopodium. About genes related to cell wall remodeling (CEL, PAL, PG EXP, XTH), were up-regulated in carpopodium abscission, which reflecting the key roles in regulating the abscission process. The results of transcriptome analysis considerably conformed with those of proteome analysis as documented previously. In comparison with those of the retention fruitlet, the auxin contents in abscising carpopodium were significantly low, which presumably increased the ethylene sensitivity of the abscission zone, conversely, the abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation was considerably higher in abscising carpopodium. Furthermore, the ratio of (TZ + IAA + GA3) / ABA also obviously lower in abscising carpopodium. Besides, the HD-ZIP gene family analysis showed that PavHB16 and PavHB18 were up-regulated in abscising organs.

Conclusion
Our findings combine morphology, cytology and transcriptional regulation to reveal the molecular mechanism of sweet cherry fruitlet abscission. It provides a new perspective for further study of plant organ shedding.