bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration and accumulation of bacteria with chemotaxis and chemokinesis
Authors: Jakuszeit Theresa , Lindsey-Jones James , Peaudecerf François J. , Croze Ottavio A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bacteria can chemotactically migrate up attractant gradients by controlling run-and-tumble motility patterns. In addition to this well-known chemotactic behaviour, several soil and marine bacterial species perform chemokinesis; they adjust their swimming speed according to the local concentration of chemoeffector, with higher speed at higher concentration. A field of attractant then induces a spatially varying swimming speed, which results in a drift towards lower attractant concentrations—contrary to the drift created by chemotaxis. Here, to explore the biological benefits of chemokinesis and investigate its impact on the chemotactic response, we extend a Keller–Segel-type model to include chemokinesis. We apply the model to predict the dynamics of bacterial populations capable of chemokinesis and chemotaxis in chemoeffector fields inspired by microfluidic and agar plate migration assays. We find that chemokinesis combined with chemotaxis not only may enhance the population response with respect to pure chemotaxis, but also modifies it qualitatively. We conclude presenting predictions for bacteria around dynamic finite-size nutrient sources, simulating, e.g. a marine particle or a root. We show that chemokinesis can reduce the measuring bias that is created by a decaying attractant gradient.

Graphic abstract
Unknotting operations on knots and links
Authors: Shimizu Ayaka 
Published: March 2021

By considering unknotting operations, we obtain ways of measuring how knotted a knot is. Unknotting phenomena can be seen not only in knot theory, but also in various settings such as DNA knots, mind knots and so on ([C. C. Adams, The Knot Book: An Elementary Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of Knots (American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2004); A. Kawauchi, K. Kishimoto and A. Shimizu, Knot theory and game (in Japanese) (Asakura Publishing, Tokyo, 2013); L. Rudolph, Qualitative Mathematics for the Social Sciences (Routledge, London, 2013); K. Murasugi, Knot Theory and Its Applications, Translated from the 1993 Japanese original by Bohdan Kupita (Birkhauser, Boston, MA, 1996)], etc.). In this paper, we see how knots can be unknotted (and therefore how they are knotted) by considering various unknotting operations and their associated unknotting numbers.
Ripple effects of borrower’s default decisions on P2P markets
Authors: Lu Yong , Gao Qiang , Hou Liya , Hu Yanni , Huang Jiang 
Published: March 2021

Default is the most critical concern in any financial market. We study the ripple effects of borrower’s default behavior in online peer-to-peer lending with a longitudinal and comprehensive dataset consisting of 347,752 loan listings. Previous studies researched several variables that determine the default risk. We examine how both online and offline friendship networks affect borrower’s default behaviors. We found the borrowers are significantly impacted by the default behaviors of their social networks. The borrowers who have defaulter friends are twice likely to default than the borrowers who do not have. Nevertheless, not all friend types have equal influences. The impact is stronger for online friends while much weaker for offline friends. We further explain that default records could harm a person’s social image and cause social stigma costs. This study is one of the first to investigate the default decision-making in online financial market. It has significant theoretical and practical contributions to grasp the borrower’s default behaviors and further diminish default risk to stabilize the financial market.
Chapter 5.4a Marie Byrd Land and Ellsworth Land: volcanology
Authors: Wilch T. I. , McIntosh W. C. , Panter K. S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Nineteen large (2348–4285 m above sea level) central polygenetic alkaline shield-like composite volcanoes and numerous smaller volcanoes in Marie Byrd Land (MBL) and western Ellsworth Land rise above the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) and comprise the MBL Volcanic Group (MBLVG). Earliest MBLVG volcanism dates to the latest Eocene (36.6 Ma). Polygenetic volcanism began by the middle Miocene (13.4 Ma) and has continued into the Holocene without major interruptions, producing the central volcanoes with 24 large (2–10 km-diameter) summit calderas and abundant evidence for explosive eruptions in caldera-rim deposits. Rock lithofacies are dominated by basanite and trachyte/phonolite lava and breccia, deposited in both subaerial and ice-contact environments. The chronology of MBLVG volcanism is well constrained by 330 age analyses, including 52 new
40
Ar/
39
Ar ages. A volcanic lithofacies record of glaciation provides evidence of local ice-cap glaciation at 29–27 Ma and of widespread WAIS glaciation by 9 Ma. Late Quaternary glaciovolcanic records document WAIS expansions that correlate to eustatic sea-level lowstands (MIS 16, 4 and 2): the WAIS was +500 m at 609 ka at coastal Mount Murphy, and +400 m at 64.7 ka, +400 m at 21.2 ka and +575 m at 17.5 ka at inland Mount Takahe.
Optimal monomial quadratization for ODE systems
Authors: Bychkov Andrey , Pogudin Gleb 
Published: March 2021

Transformation of a polynomial ODE system to a special quadratic form has been successfully used recently as a preprocessing step for model order reduction methods. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no practical algorithm for performing this step automatically with any optimality guarantees.
We present an algorithm that, given a system of polynomial ODEs, finds a transformation into a quadratic ODE system by introducing new variables which are monomials of the original variables. The algorithm is guaranteed to produce an optimal transformation of this form. The algorithm is implemented, and we demonstrate it on examples from the literature.
A Novel Method for Accurate Quantification of Split Glomerular Filtration Rate Using Combination of Tc-99m-DTPA Renal Dynamic Imaging and Its Plasma Clearance
Authors: Pang Xiaoxi , Li Fei , Huang Shan , Wang Cheng’en , Zhang Tao , Hu Zihao , Cheng Hao , Tao Xinchen , Chang Wenrui 
Published: March 2021

Purpose. To precisely quantify split glomerular filtration rate by Tc-99m-DTPA renal dynamic imaging and plasma clearance in order to increase its consistency among doctors. Methods. Tc-99m-DTPA renal dynamic imaging was performed according to the conventional radionuclide renal dynamic imaging by five double-blinded doctors independently and automatically calculated split GFR, namely, gGFR. Moreover, the conventional radionuclide renal dynamic imaging was assessed to only outline the kidney, blank background, and automatically calculated split GFR, gGFR

′

. The total GFR value of patients, tGFR, was obtained by the double-plasma method. According to the formula,

Precise

GFR

pGFR

=
gGF

R

′

/

gGF

R

′

+
gGF

R

′

×
tGFR

. The precise GFR value of the divided kidney, pGFR, was calculated. The Kendall’s

W

test was used to compare the consistency of gGFR and pGFR drawn by five physicians. Results. According to Kendall’s

W

consistency test, Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was 0.834,

p
=
0.0001

using conventional method. The same five doctors used blank background again and the same standard Gates method to draw the kidneys, which automatically calculated gGFR

′

. Using input formula, the pGFR was calculated and Kendall’s

W

consistency test (

Kendal

l

’

s

coefficient

of

concordance
=
0.956

,

p
=
0.0001

). Conclusion. The combination of Tc-99m-DTPA renal dynamic imaging combined with the double-plasma method could achieve accurate split GFR, and because of the omission of influence factors, the consistency of pGFR obtained by different doctors using this method was significantly higher than that of conventional Tc-99m-DTPA renal dynamic imaging.
Phase I/II Trial of Exemestane, Ribociclib, and Everolimus in Women with HR+/HER2− Advanced Breast Cancer after Progression on CDK4/6 Inhibitors (TRINITI-1)
Authors: Bardia Aditya , Hurvitz Sara A. , DeMichele Angela , Clark Amy S. , Zelnak Amelia , Yardley Denise A. , Karuturi Meghan , Sanft Tara , Blau Sibel , Hart Lowell , Ma Cynthia , Rugo Hope S. , Purkayastha Das , Moulder Stacy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Standard-of-care treatment for metastatic hormone receptor–positive (HR+), HER2-negative (HER2−) breast cancer includes endocrine therapy (ET) combined with a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i). Optimal treatment after progression on CDK4/6i is unknown. The TRINITI-1 trial investigated ribociclib, a CDK4/6i that has recently demonstrated significant overall survival benefit in two phase III trials, in combination with everolimus and exemestane in patients with HR+, HER2− advanced breast cancer (ABC) after progression on a CDK4/6i.

Patients and Methods:
This multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase I/II study included patients with locally advanced/metastatic HR+/HER2− breast cancer. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate (CBR) at week 24 among patients with ET-refractory disease with progression on a CDK4/6i. Other endpoints included safety and biomarker analysis.

Results:
Of 104 patients enrolled (phases I and II), 96 had prior CDK4/6i. Recommended phase II doses (all once daily days 1–28 of 28-day cycle) were ribociclib 300 mg, everolimus 2.5 mg, and exemestane 25 mg (group 1) and ribociclib 200 mg, everolimus 5 mg, and exemestane 25 mg (group 2). CBR among 95 efficacy-evaluable patients (phases I and II) at week 24 was 41.1% (95% confidence interval, 31.1–51.6), which met the primary endpoint (predetermined threshold: 10%). Common adverse events included neutropenia (69.2%) and stomatitis (40.4%). No new safety signals were observed; no grade 3/4 QTc prolongation was reported.

Conclusions:
Preliminary TRINITI-1 safety and efficacy results support further investigation of CDK4/6 blockade and targeting of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in patients with ET-refractory HR+/HER2− ABC after progression on a CDK4/6i.
Calicheamicin Antibody–Drug Conjugates with Improved Properties
Authors: Vollmar Breanna S. , Frantz Chris , Schutten Melissa M. , Zhong Fiona , del Rosario Geoffrey , Go Mary Ann T. , Yu Shang-Fan , Leipold Douglas D. , Kamath Amrita V. , Ng Carl , Xu Keyang , dela Cruz-Chuh Josefa , Kozak Katherine R. , Chen Jinhua , Xu Zijin , Wai John , Adhikari Pragya , Erickson Hans K. , Dragovich Peter S. , Polson Andrew G. , Pillow Thomas H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Calicheamicin antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are effective therapeutics for leukemias with two recently approved in the United States: Mylotarg (gemtuzumab ozogamicin) targeting CD33 for acute myeloid leukemia and Besponsa (inotuzumab ozogamicin) targeting CD22 for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Both of these calicheamicin ADCs are heterogeneous, aggregation-prone, and have a shortened half-life due to the instability of the acid-sensitive hydrazone linker in circulation. We hypothesized that we could improve upon the heterogeneity, aggregation, and circulation stability of calicheamicin ADCs by directly attaching the thiol of a reduced calicheamicin to an engineered cysteine on the antibody via a disulfide bond to generate a linkerless and traceless conjugate. We report herein that the resulting homogeneous conjugates possess minimal aggregation and display high in vivo stability with 50% of the drug remaining conjugated to the antibody after 21 days. Furthermore, these calicheamicin ADCs are highly efficacious in mouse models of both solid tumor (HER2+ breast cancer) and hematologic malignancies (CD22+ non-Hodgkin lymphoma). Safety studies in rats with this novel calicheamicin ADC revealed an increased tolerability compared with that reported for Mylotarg. Overall, we demonstrate that applying novel linker chemistry with site-specific conjugation affords an improved, next-generation calicheamicin ADC.
BRAF V600E/V600K Mutations versus Nonstandard Alterations: Prognostic Implications and Therapeutic Outcomes
Authors: Nikanjam Mina , Tinajero Jose , Barkauskas Donald A. , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BRAF and MEK inhibitors are standard of care for BRAF V600E/K–mutated melanoma, but the benefit of BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors for nonstandard BRAF alterations for melanoma and other cancers is unclear. Patients with diverse malignancies whose cancers had undergone next-generation sequencing were screened for BRAF alterations. Demographics, treatment with BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors, clinical response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were determined from review of the electronic medical records for patients with standard BRAF V600E/K versus nonstandard BRAF alterations. A total of 213 patients with BRAF alterations (87 with nonstandard alterations) were identified; OS from diagnosis was significantly worse with nonstandard BRAF versus standard alterations, regardless of therapy [HR (95% confidence interval), 0.58 (0.38–0.88); P = 0.01]. Overall, 45 patients received BRAF/MEK-directed therapy (eight with nonstandard alterations); there were no significant differences in clinical benefit rate [stable disease ≥6 months/partial/complete response (74% vs. 63%; P = 0.39) or PFS (P = 0.24; BRAF V600E/K vs. others)]. In conclusion, patients with nonstandard versus standard BRAF alterations (BRAF V600E/K) have a worse prognosis with shorter survival from diagnosis. Even so, 63% of patients with nonstandard BRAF alterations achieved clinical benefit with BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Larger prospective studies are warranted to better understand the prognostic versus predictive implication of standard versus nonstandard BRAF alterations.
Higher-Quality Data Collection Is Critical to Establish the Safety and Efficacy of Pediatric Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Barry Megan , Barry Dwight , Kansagra Akash P. , Hallam Danial , Abraham Michael , Amlie-Lefond Catherine , Bernard Timothy , Dlaimini Noma , Dowling Michael , Felling Ryan , Grabowski Eric , Ichord Rebecca , Jordan Lori , Kirton Adam , Lee Sarah , Mackay Mark , McMillan Hugh , Rivkin Michael J. 
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose:
Because children often have lifelong morbidity after stroke, there is considerable enthusiasm to pursue mechanical thrombectomy in childhood stroke based on literature reports. However, current published data may reflect inconsistent reporting and publication bias, which limit the ability to assess safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy in childhood stroke.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study compared reporting quality and clinical outcomes for mechanical thrombectomy between a trial-derived cohort of 42 children treated with mechanical thrombectomy for acute stroke at study sites and 133 patients reported in the literature. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at baseline, 24 hours after mechanical thrombectomy, and at discharge were compared between study site patients and literature patients. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to compare reporting frequencies. Proportional odds logistic regression was used to compare outcomes.

Results:
Premechanical thrombectomy National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was available in 93% of study patients compared with 74% of patients in the literature (OR, 4.42 [95% CI, 1.47–19.89]). Postmechanical thrombectomy National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was available in 69% of study patients compared with 29% of literature cases at 24 hours (OR, 5.48 [95% CI, 2.62–12.06]), and 64% of study patients compared with 32% of cases at discharge (OR, 3.85 [95% CI, 1.87–8.19]). For study sites, median scores were 12 at baseline, 9 at 24 hours, and 5 at discharge. Median scores in case reports were 15 at baseline, 4 at 24 hours, and 3 at discharge. ORs for differences in outcomes between groups were 5.97 (95% CI, 2.28–15.59) at 24 hours and 3.68 (95% CI, 1.45–9.34) at discharge.

Conclusions:
Study site patients had higher rates of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale reporting and worse short-term outcomes compared with literature reports. Rigorous data collection is needed before treatment guidelines for pediatric mechanical thrombectomy can be developed.
On Inter-State Litigation and Armed Conflict Cases in Strasbourg
Authors: Leach Philip 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The reluctance of Council of Europe member states to challenge each other at the bar of Europe, through the litigation of inter-state cases at the European Court, used to be a regular feature of the Strasbourg system. However, conflicts of different kinds in eastern Europe have led to a surge of such cases in recent years, as well as the introduction of thousands of related individual applications. The serious challenges presented, in particular by conflict-related cases, have led some commentators to question whether they can feasibly remain part of the Strasbourg process. For others, the focus should rather be on how such cases can be more effectively processed and assessed. This article emphasises the significance of both inter-state cases in general, and of cases arising from armed conflict (including individual applications): their political and legal importance; their centrality to the European human rights system; and how vital they are for individual victims of human rights violations. It analyses a number of controversial or challenging aspects of the adjudication of these cases, and puts forward some proposals for reform.
Factors Influencing the Motivations and Perceived Usefulness of a Weather Radar Display in Tampa Bay
Authors: Saunders Michelle E. , Collins Jennifer M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWeather information is widely available across many media platforms, including televisions, computers, smartphones, and tablets. In addition to weather forecast information, people are seeking and using a variety of weather information sources that provide them with current conditions and include tools such as satellite images and weather radar displays. However, little is known about how individuals use and perceive information from weather radar displays, despite the existence of radar since the 1940s. This study is a novel exploration of how Tampa Bay area residents use radar and identifies several important factors that influence how useful radar is perceived to be as a decision-making tool. It also investigates what information radar users find most important when choosing to view a radar display, as well as what electronic sources are used most often to access weather radar. The final goal of this study is to identify which activities motivate a Tampa Bay resident to view weather radar. Data were collected using an online survey instrument. This study finds that survey respondents in the Tampa Bay area frequently view a weather radar display and find it to be a very useful tool. Respondents who reported greater accuracy for the location of precipitation on a radar display were more likely to rate the radar display as being more useful. The majority of respondents indicate they use a smartphone device to view radar most often and that participating in outdoor activities was an important motivator for using radar.
Reply to “Comments on ‘Flash Flood Verification: Pondering Precipitation Proxies’”
Authors: Schumacher Russ S. , Herman Gregory R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe applaud Gourley and Vergara for their thorough investigation of the relationship between precipitation and flash flood reports, as well as their inclusion of information from advanced hydrologic model output. We conducted some additional analysis to identify the reasons for the substantial differences between their findings and ours. The primary reason for the differences was found to be temporal sampling. The high temporal resolution of the MRMS dataset, as well as their use of “rolling” accumulation periods, explains most of the discrepancies. For guidance related to real-time warning decisions for flash flooding, Gourley and Vergara’s analyses provide an important new guide and we recommend the use of their results for this purpose. For other applications, including model postprocessing and for precipitation datasets with lower temporal resolution, our results will continue to prove useful.
Carl Toldt Centennial, Surgeon and Anatomist
Authors: Serena Giuseppe , Nardi Leonardo , Schmeisser Michael J. , Angus L. D. George 
Published: March 2021

Carl Florian Toldt was an Austrian anatomist who made meaningful contributions worldwide and defined what is one of the most important surgical landmarks in abdominal surgery. Through his research studies, the embryologic dissection plane known as the “White Line of Toldt” represents an important anatomical landmark that helps to mobilize either the ascending or descending colon. His career spanned over 45 years, beginning in Verona and continuing to Prague and Vienna. He was an author of several innovative books and scientific articles regarding micro- and macroscopic anatomy. In addition, he received numerous recognitions and prizes for his work, making him an essential figure in the medical scientific community. Even a street in Vienna, Karl-Toldt-Weg, is named in his honor. The purpose of this historical article is to celebrate and honor Toldt 100 years following his death, remembering his scientific contributions to the medical and surgical fields and giving thanks for his numerous accomplishments. This article brings light to the man behind the eponym.
Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease After Lung Transplant Using Radiofrequency Ablation to the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (Stretta Procedure)
Authors: Kolbeinsson Hordur M. , Lawson Cameron , Banks-Venegoni Amy , Girgis Reda , Scheeres David E. 
Published: March 2021

Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is associated with chronic lung allograft dysfunction after lung transplant. Treating GERD after lung transplant has been shown to improve lung allograft function. This case series describes the efficacy of the Stretta procedure to control GERD after lung transplant at our institution. Methods Eleven patients underwent the Stretta procedure at our institution for GERD after lung transplant during the years 2016-2017. Pre- and post-Stretta reflux parameters were gathered. Pulmonary function was followed up until subsequent fundoplication surgery, death, or end of study observation. Results Reflux on esophagram was noted in 9 patients before Stretta and 8 patients after Stretta. The median number of acid reflux events was 31.5 vs. 26 after Stretta ( P = .95), and median percent time in reflux was 17.7% before vs. 14.5% after Stretta ( P = .76). Median DeMeester score before Stretta was 65.5 (range: 33.2-169.8) vs. 42.5 (range: 19.2-109.8) after the procedure ( P = .14). Median lower esophageal resting pressure was 20.7 mm Hg (n = 7) compared to 25.9 mm Hg (n = 9) on post-Stretta follow-up ( P = .99). Median FEV1% predicted was 84% (41-97%) before compared to 71% (23-108%) at 1 year after the procedure ( P = .14). Seven patients required fundoplication surgery for continued reflux. All patients were on triple immunosuppression, most commonly prednisone, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate (n = 9). Discussion The Stretta procedure did not provide expected results at our institution after lung transplant surgery. Based on our limited series, we do not recommend routine use of the Stretta procedure for management of GERD in lung transplant patients.