bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiparametric analysis of coronary flow in psoriasis using a coronary flow reserve companion
Authors: Tona Francesco , Osto Elena , Kerkhof Peter L. M. , Montisci Roberta , Famoso Giulia , Lorenzoni Giulia , De Michieli Laura , Cecere Annagrazia , Zanetti Irene , Civieri Giovanni , Iliceto Sabino , Piaserico Stefano 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is usually evaluated measuring coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR). A more comprehensive analysis of CFVR including additional consideration of the associated logical companion‐CFVR, where hyperemic diastolic coronary flow velocity may act as surrogate, was applied in this study to elucidate the mechanism of CMD in psoriasis.Methods and resultsCoronary flow velocity reserve was analysed using transthoracic echocardiographs of 127 psoriasis patients (age 36 ± 8 years; 104 males) and of 52 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls. CFVR determination was repeated in the patient subgroup (n = 78) receiving anti‐inflammatory therapy. Baseline and hyperemic microvascular resistance (MR) were calculated. CMD was defined as CFVR ≤ 2.5. Four endotypes of CMD were identified referring to concordant or discordant impairments of hyperemic flow or CFVR. We evaluated the companion‐CFVR, as derived from the quadratic mean of hyperemic and diastolic flow velocity at rest. Coronary flow parameters, including CFVR (p = 0.01), were different among the two endotypes having CFVR > 2.5. Specifically, all 11 (14%) patients with CFVR deterioration despite therapy, belonged to endotype 1, and had higher baseline and hyperemic MR (p < 0.0001, both). Interestingly, while CFVR was comparable in patients with worsened versus those with improved CFVR, the companion‐CFVR could discriminate by being lower in patients with worsened CFVR (p = 0.01).ConclusionsThe reduced CFVR in psoriasis is driven by decreased companion‐CFVR, combined with increased hyperemic MR. Adoption of the mandatory companion‐CFVR enables a personalized characterization superior to that achieved by exclusive consideration of CFVR.
Distinct epilepsy phenotypes and response to drugs in KCNA1 gain‐ and loss‐of function variants
Authors: Miceli Francesco , Guerrini Renzo , Nappi Mario , Soldovieri Maria Virginia , Cellini Elena , Gurnett Christina A. , Parmeggiani Lucio , Mei Davide , Taglialatela Maurizio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA wide phenotypic spectrum of neurological diseases is associated with KCNA1 (Kv1.1) variants. To investigate the molecular basis of such a heterogeneous clinical presentation and identify the possible correlation with in vitro phenotypes, we compared the functional consequences of three heterozygous de novo variants (p.P403S, p.P405L, and p.P405S) in Kv1.1 pore region found in four patients with severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE), with those of a de novo variant in the voltage sensor (p.A261T) identified in two patients with mild, carbamazepine‐responsive, focal epilepsy. Patch‐clamp electrophysiology was used to investigate the functional properties of mutant Kv1.1 subunits, both expressed as homomers and heteromers with wild‐type Kv1.1 subunits. KCNA1 pore mutations markedly decreased (p. P405S) or fully suppressed (p. P403S, p. P405L) Kv1.1‐mediated currents, exerting loss‐of‐function (LoF) effects. By contrast, channels carrying the p.A261T variant exhibited a hyperpolarizing shift of the activation process, consistent with a gain‐of‐function (GoF) effect. The present results unveil a novel correlation between in vitro phenotype (GoF vs LoF) and clinical course (mild vs severe) in KCNA1‐related phenotypes. The excellent clinical response to carbamazepine observed in the patients carrying the A261T variant suggests an exquisite sensitivity of KCNA1 GoF to sodium channel inhibition that should be further explored.
Statistical models for estimating the fatigue life, the stress–life relation, and the P‐S–N curves of metallic materials in Very High Cycle Fatigue: A review
Authors: Tridello Andrea , Boursier Niutta Carlo , Rossetto Massimo , Berto Filippo , Paolino Davide S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe research on the Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) response of materials is fundamental to guarantee a safe design of structural components. Researchers develop models for the fatigue life in VHCF, aiming at assessing the stress–life relation and, accordingly, the probabilistic S–N (P‐S–N) curves. In the paper, the models for the stress–life relation in VHCF are comprehensively reviewed. The models are classified according to the approach followed for defining the stress–life dependency, that is, power law, probabilistic, fracture mechanics, or Paris law‐based approach. The number of failure modes that can be modeled, the statistical distribution for the fatigue life, and the characteristics of the estimated P‐S–N curves are also reviewed by analyzing the fitting capability of experimental datasets for each model. This review is supposed to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the currently available models and guide the future research.
Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumour: a contemporary multi‐institutional case series highlighting the diagnostic utility of PRKAR1A immunohistochemistry
Authors: Anderson William J , Gordetsky Jennifer B , Idrees Muhammad T , Al‐Obaidy Khaleel I , Kao Chia‐Sui , Cornejo Kristine M , Wobker Sara E , Cheville John C , Vargas Sara O , Fletcher Christopher D M , Hirsch Michelle S , Acosta Andrés M 
Published: November 2021

AimsLarge cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumour (LCCSCT) is a rare testicular sex cord‐stromal tumour that primarily affects young patients and is associated with Carney complex. We sought to characterise the clinicopathological features of a series of LCCSCT and evaluate the diagnostic utility of PRKAR1A immunohistochemistry (IHC).Methods and resultsThe LCCSCT cohort (n = 15) had a median age of 16 years (range = 2–30 years). Four patients were known to have Carney complex. PRKAR1A IHC was performed in each case. For comparison, PRKAR1A IHC was also assessed in other sex cord‐stromal tumours, including Sertoli cell tumour, not otherwise specified (SCT, NOS; n = 10), intratubular large cell hyalinising Sertoli cell tumour (n = 1) and Leydig cell tumour (n = 23). Loss of cytoplasmic PRKAR1A expression was observed in all but one LCCSCT (14 of 15; 93%). PRKAR1A expression was retained in all SCTs, NOS (10 of 10; 100%), the majority of Leydig cell tumours (22 of 23; 96%) and an intratubular large cell hyalinising Sertoli cell tumour (1 of 1; 100%). One Leydig cell tumour showed equivocal staining (multifocal weak expression).ConclusionsOverall, PRKAR1A loss is both sensitive (93%) and highly specific (97%) for the diagnosis of LCCSCT. PRKAR1A loss may aid its diagnosis, particularly in sporadic cases and those that are the first presentation of Carney complex.
The sources of the many faces of consumer smartphone attachment: A value‐in‐use perspective
Authors: Sohn Stefanie , Karampournioti Evmorfia , Wiedmann Klaus‐Peter , Fritz Wolfgang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSmartphones have evolved to be among the most important objects in peoples' daily lives. However, little knowledge exists on users' relationships with smartphones. This study examines the user‐smartphone relationship from an attachment perspective. More specifically, the present research develops an understanding of the different faces of smartphone attachment considering the perceived value‐in‐use of smartphones as a source. The findings of an online survey among smartphone users reveal that users are attached to the smartphone itself because of the value it derives during usage. Most interestingly, the effects of perceived value‐in‐use have been found to be ambivalent because they can enhance both positive (e.g., passion) and negative (e.g., separation distress) aspects of smartphone attachment. Moreover, specific compositions of the value‐in‐use define the individual facets of smartphone attachment. For instance, passion has been found to be determined by social, hedonic, and utilitarian value‐in‐use, whereas distress is triggered by both perceived utilitarian and hedonic value‐in‐use. In sum, this study's findings help to understand and manage consumers' smartphone attachment.
Hacia un concepto inclusivo de relaciones laborales colectivas: artículos seleccionados de laRevista Internacional del Trabajoa lo largo del último siglo
Authors: BOSCH Gerhard 
Published: November 2021

ResumenLas relaciones laborales colectivas se amparan en derechos que corresponden a los órganos de representación de los trabajadores, y no a cada trabajador. Para el presente monográfico se han seleccionado 15 investigaciones publicadas sobre este tema en la Revista Internacional del Trabajo a lo largo de su historia. Uno de los criterios de selección ha sido que los artículos se centraran en el fortalecimiento de la inclusividad, es decir, la extensión de la protección al mayor número posible de personas, y no solo a colectivos privilegiados. La inclusividad es indispensable para reducir la discriminación en el mercado laboral y unlversalizar el trabajo decente.
Pancreatitis and post‐pancreatitis diabetes in Central Australia
Authors: Wicks Mary M. , Barr Elizabeth L. M. , Maple‐Brown Louise 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPancreatitis and diabetes are common among Aboriginal people of Central Australia. The contribution of pancreatitis to the development of post‐pancreatitis diabetes mellitus (PPDM) is not known.AimsTo describe among Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal people living in Central Australia, (i) the prevalence and aetiology of acute (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP), and (ii) diagnosis of new onset diabetes after pancreatitis.MethodsRetrospective medical record review of patients ≥15 years admitted to hospitals in the Central Australia Health Service between 2009 and 2018 with pancreatitis. Prevalence as a proportion of the resident population and aetiology of AP and CP were determined. Diagnosis of new onset diabetes after admission with pancreatitis was assessed.ResultsOf the 638 patients assessed, 73% were Aboriginal and 48% female. The annual prevalence in 2009 and 2018 for AP was 171 and 203 per 100 000 persons, and for CP was 206 and 114 per 100 000 persons respectively. Rates were high in Aboriginal people. Alcohol aetiology was most common in Aboriginal people (66%) and biliary aetiology in non‐Aboriginal people (37%). A diagnosis of diabetes after pancreatitis was detected in 125 (29%) of 438 patients who did not have a diabetes diagnosis previously recorded, and 20 of the 22 tested for diabetes‐associated antibodies were negative, fitting criteria for PPDM.ConclusionPrevalence of AP and CP in Central Australia was higher in Aboriginal than non‐Aboriginal people. Few patients with diabetes recorded after pancreatitis had appropriate PPDM diagnostic testing. Interdisciplinary education on the diagnosis of PPDM is required.
Prothrombin complex concentrates for the urgent reversal of apixaban and rivaroxaban: an Australian retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wallwork Stephanie , Wang Yang , Chaiwatanatorn Kritika , Cole‐Sinclair Merrole 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundDirect acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are now commonly prescribed medications. Urgent reversal of their anticoagulant effect is sometimes required in emergency situations. In Australia, a specific reversal agent for factor Xa (FXa)‐inhibitor DOAC is not available. Instead, two non‐specific haemostatic agents, activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC) and 3 factor‐prothrombin complex concentrate (3F‐PCC), are used off‐label despite a paucity of evidence for their effectiveness or safety.AimsTo provide further insight into the efficacy and safety of 3F‐PCC and aPCC for the reversal of the anticoagulant effect of FXa inhibitor DOACs.MethodsWe conducted a single‐centre retrospective cohort study to investigate the use of aPCC and 3F‐PCC for patients on FXa‐inhibitor DOAC who present with a significant bleeding event or who require urgent surgery. The primary outcome was haemostatic efficacy according to prespecified criteria. Safety outcomes included the thromboembolic event rate and all‐cause mortality during the hospital admission.ResultsA total of 51 patients was included in the study (36 patients who had a spontaneous bleeding event and 15 non‐bleeding patients who required urgent perioperative management). Thirty‐one patients received aPCC and 20 patients received 3F‐PCC. Haemostasis was adjudicated as effective in all assessable patients (n = 50; 100%). Thromboembolic events occurred in three patients who received aPCC and one patient who received 3F‐PCC. All‐cause mortality was 7.8% (four patients).ConclusionsBoth aPCC and 3F‐PCC are useful adjuncts for the management of patients who require urgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect of FXa‐inhibitor DOAC. However, the risk of thromboembolism in this patient group requires careful consideration. Prospective, comparator studies are needed along with the development of guidelines that reflect the availability of haemostatic agents in Australia.
Prevalence and clinical risk prediction of hypertriglyceridaemia in a community cohort
Authors: Tan Hong L. E. , Hure Alexis , Peel Roseanne , Hancock Stephen , Attia John 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundHypertriglyceridaemia (HTG; defined as ≥1.7 mmol/L) has a prevalence of 18–33% with significant inter‐regional variation. Despite meta‐analysis demonstrating its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, only 40% of HTG is identified in the community resulting in underutilisation of lipid‐lowering therapy and specialist clinics. An increase in awareness of its clinical risk factors is needed to improve the identification and management of HTG to prevent cardiovascular risk.AimsTo evaluate the prevalence, distribution and clinical predictors of HTG ≥1.7 mmol/L in a representative community group.MethodsData were obtained from the Hunter Community Study (HCS), a longitudinal cohort of community‐dwelling men and women aged 55−85 years residing in Newcastle, New South Wales. Fasting triglycerides were identified based on the availability of fasting blood glucose level and categorised according to normal (<1.7 mmol/L), mild (1.7 to <2.3 mmol/L) and moderate–severe HTG (≥2.3 mmol/L). Clinical predictors of HTG were assessed using linear and logistic regression models.ResultsOf 2536 triglyceride levels, 2216 (87%) were in a fasting state and included in the study. Three hundred and two (13.6%) participants had mild HTG and 221 (10.0%) participants had moderate–severe HTG. Significant clinical predictors of HTG included male gender, increasing body mass index, current smoking, decreasing daily step counts, increasing fasting glucose and higher thyroid‐stimulating hormone. Alcohol intake and blood pressure were not significant in either adjusted regression model.ConclusionsHTG ≥1.7 mmol/L is common, affecting 24% of the HCS. Clinical predictors identify modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular risk management. Clinician education to promote awareness is required to improve patient outcomes.
At what age do children have the motor development to adequately brush their teeth?
Authors: Chua Doris Ruyi , Hu Shijia , Sim Yu Fan , Lim Wanyi , Lai Bien Wen Pui , Hong Catherine Hsu Ling 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is no consensus regarding when children are ready to brush independently.AimTo examine the effects of chronological age and motor development on toothbrushing effectiveness in 5‐ to 7‐year‐old children.DesignIn this cross‐sectional study, the change in Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) score and the improvement in OHI category (eg, poor to fair) were used to measure toothbrushing effectiveness. Motor development was assessed using the Beery‐Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration, and a parental questionnaire was used to determine the child's ability to perform certain daily tasks.ResultsChildren aged ≥6 years were significantly more likely to show improvement in OHI category (OR = 2.4, p = .032) than 5‐year‐old children. Parental report of their child's ability to write/print addresses (OR = 3.7, p = .009), tie shoelaces (OR = 2.9, p = .008), and cut/file nails (OR = 3.2, p = .036) was significantly more likely to show improvement in OHI category. A model using chronological age, visual motor age, ability to write/print addresses, tie shoelaces, cut/file nails, and toothbrushing duration achieved 61.8% sensitivity and 80.4% specificity in predicting a child's ability to achieve improvement in OHI category.ConclusionsChildren entering elementary school (≥6 years old) brushed their teeth more effectively than preschool children. A multifactorial model provided an acceptable predictor of the child's ability to brush effectively.
Study on the molecular mechanism of Laccaria bicolor helping Populus trichocarpa to resist the infection of Botryosphaeria dothidea
Authors: Dong Fengxin , Wang Yihan , Tang Ming 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
This study explored the specific molecular mechanism of Laccaria bicolor to help Populus trichocarpa resist infection by Botryosphaeria dothidea.

Methods and Results
Transcriptome technology was used to sequence P. trichocarpa under disease stress, and a total of 6379 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. A total of 536 new DEGs were induced by L. bicolor during the infection of B. dothidea. L. bicolor helps to prevent and alleviate the infection of B. dothidea by regulating related genes in the cell wall pathway, signal transduction pathway, disease-resistant protein synthesis pathway and antioxidant enzyme synthesis pathway of P. trichocarpa.

Conclusion
The inoculation of L. bicolor can regulate the expression of genes in the cell wall pathway and enhance the physical defense capabilities of plants. Under disease stress conditions, L. bicolor can regulate signal transduction pathways, disease-resistant related pathways and reactive oxygen species (ROS) clearance pathways to help P. trichocarpa alleviate the disease.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The research reveals the mechanism of L. bicolor inducing resistance to canker of P. trichocarpa from the molecular level and provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of mycorrhizal fungi to improve plant disease resistance.
Elucidating the antibiofilm activity of Frangula emodin against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms
Authors: Đukanović Stefana , Ganić Tea , Lončarević Branka , Cvetković Stefana , Nikolić Biljana , Tenji Dina , Randjelović Danijela , Mitić-Ćulafić Dragana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
Because the Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most well-known pathogens associated with medical devices and nosocomial infections, the aim of the study was to examine antibiofilm potential of emodin against it.

Methods and Results
Antibacterial activity was examined through microdilution assay. Antibiofilm testing included crystal violet staining of biofilm biomass and morphology analysis by Atomic force microscopy (AFM). Furthermore, aerobic respiration was monitored using the Micro-Oxymax respirometer. For investigation of gene expression qRT-PCR was performed. Emodin demonstrated strong antibacterial activity and ability to inhibit biofilm formation of all tested strains. The effect on preformed biofilms was spotted in few strains. AFM revealed that emodin affects biofilm structure and roughness. Monitoring of respiration under emodin treatment in planktonic and biofilm form revealed that emodin influenced aerobic respiration. Moreover, qRT-PCR showed that emodin modulates expression of icaA, icaD, srrA and srrB genes, as well as RNAIII, and that this activity was strain-specific.

Conclusion
The results obtained in this study indicate the novel antibiofilm activity of emodin and its multiple pathways of action.

Significance and Impact of Study
This is the first study that examined pathways through which emodin expressed its antibiofilm activity.
How COVID‐19 has affected staffing models in intensive care: A qualitative study examining alternative staffing models (SEISMIC)
Authors: Endacott Ruth , Pearce Susie , Rae Pamela , Richardson Annette , Bench Suzanne , Pattison Natalie ,   the SEISMIC Study Team
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsTo understand how COVID‐19 affected nurse staffing in intensive care units (ICUs) in England, and to identify factors that influenced, and were influenced by, pandemic staffing models.DesignExploratory qualitative study.MethodsSemi‐structured, online interviews conducted July–September 2020 with regional critical care leaders including policy leads (n = 4) and directors/lead nurses (n = 10) across critical care networks in England.FindingsThe six themes emerging from the framework analysis illustrate how the pre‐pandemic ICU culture influenced ICU staffing models during the pandemic. Changes in staffing impacted on the workforce and the care delivered, whilst it was necessary to learn from, and adjust to, a rapidly changing situation. Variation across and between networks necessitated variation in responses. The overwhelming outcome was that the pandemic has challenged the central tenets of ICU nurse staffing.ConclusionsPandemic nurse staffing models resulted in changes to ICU skill‐mix and staffing numbers. Factors such as the impact of nurse staffing on care practices and on the workforce need to be taken into account when developing and testing future nurse staffing models for ICU. The extent to which ICUs will return to former staffing models is not yet known but there seems to be an appetite for change.ImpactIn common with many countries, nurse staffing in English ICUs was adapted to address surge requirements during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Findings highlight the challenge COVID‐19 presented to pre‐pandemic ICU nurse staffing guidelines, the impact on patient and staff well‐being and the potential legacy for future staffing models. Study findings have implications for ICU nurse managers, researchers and policy makers: nurse staffing models need to be adaptable to the local context of care and future research should investigate the impact of different models on patients, staff and health service outcomes.