bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio‐phenols determination in olive oils: Recent mass spectrometry approaches
Authors: Bongiorno David , Di Stefano Vita , Indelicato Serena , Avellone Giuseppe , Ceraulo Leopoldo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExtra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is largely used in Mediterranean diet, and it is also worldwide apprised not only for its organoleptic properties but also for its healthy effects mainly attributed to the presence of several naturally occurring phenolic and polyphenolic compounds (bio‐phenols). These compounds are characterized by the presence of multiple phenolic groups in more or less complex structures. Their content is fundamental in defining the healthy qualities of EVOO and consequently the analytical methods for their characterization and quantification are of current interest. Traditionally their determination has been conducted using a colorimetric assay based on the reaction of Folin‐Ciocalteu (FC) reagent with the functional hydroxy groups of phenolic compounds. Identification and quantification of the bio‐phenols in olive oils requires certainly more performing analytical methods. Chromatographic separation is now commonly achieved by HPLC, coupled with spectrometric devices as UV, FID, and MS. This last approach constitutes an actual cutting‐edge application for bio‐phenol determination in complex matrices as olive oils, mostly on the light of the development of mass analyzers and the achievement of high resolution and accurate mass measurement in more affordable instrument configurations. After a short survey of some rugged techniques used for bio‐phenols determination, in this review have been described the most recent mass spectrometry‐based methods, adopted for the analysis of the bio‐phenols in EVOOs. In particular, the sample handling and the results of HPLC coupled with low‐ and high‐resolution MS and MS/MS analyzers, of ion mobility mass spectrometry and ambient mass spectrometry have been reported and discussed.
A guide to mass spectrometric analysis of extracellular vesicle proteins for biomarker discovery
Authors: Jalaludin Iqbal , Lubman David M. , Kim Jeongkwon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExosomes (small extracellular vesicles) in living organisms play an important role in processes such as cell proliferation or intercellular communication. Recently, exosomes have been extensively investigated for biomarker discoveries for various diseases. An important aspect of exosome analysis involves the development of enrichment methods that have been introduced for successful isolation of exosomes. These methods include ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, polyethylene glycol‐based precipitation, immunoaffinity‐based enrichment, ultrafiltration, and asymmetric flow field‐flow fractionation among others. To confirm the presence of exosomes, various characterization methods have been utilized such as Western blot analysis, atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, optical methods, zeta potential, visual inspection, and mass spectrometry. Recent advances in high‐resolution separations, high‐performance mass spectrometry and comprehensive proteome databases have all contributed to the successful analysis of exosomes from patient samples. Herein we review various exosome enrichment methods, characterization methods, and recent trends of exosome investigations using mass spectrometry‐based approaches for biomarker discovery.
“Quit Ditching the Love”: Kinship and Death from Opioid Overdose in Philadelphia
Authors: Uzwiak Beth A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn 2017, 1,074 persons died from opioid overdose in Philadelphia; more than 78% of those happened in a private residence. Despite constituting the majority of opioid‐related deaths in the city, little is known about people who use opioids, overdose, and die while at home. To learn more about this “hidden” population of drug users, researchers conducted exploratory, in‐depth qualitative interviews with their next of kin. Collected in the context of death, I discuss data from the interviews to consider howand ifrepresenting pain contributes to interventions aimed at reducing structural vulnerability to drug overdose. I suggest that documenting and taking seriously next of kin’s experiences with death and the threat of death can substantiate the need for harm reduction programs and policy, corroborating the utility of qualitative approaches to applied health research.
The Continuum Voronoi Block Model for simulation of fracture process in hard rocks
Authors: Rógenes Erick , de Farias Márcio Muniz , Rasmussen Leandro Lima 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a numerical model is presented to represent the fracture process in hard rocks based on a pseudo‐discontinuum method called the Continuum Voronoi Block Model (CVBM). To validate this tool, numerical models for one Brazilian test, one unconfined compression test, and multiple triaxial compression tests with different confining stress were calibrated to match laboratory test results for Creighton granite. The model proved robust and matched the following macro‐properties: crack initiation (CI) stress, (CD) stress, peak strength, tensile strength, Young's Modulus, and Poisson's ratio. The calibrated model served as a basis for a sensitivity study to analyze how micro‐properties influence the rock's macroscopic responses. From the sensitivity study, a calibration methodology was proposed, which shall facilitate the use of the CVBM in future works.
Trends in benzodiazepine and alternative hypnotic use in relation with multimorbidity among older adults in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Gosselin Emmanuelle , Simard Marc , Lunghi Carlotta , Sirois Caroline 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundBenzodiazepines and other hypnotic alternatives are associated with increased risks of adverse events. Heightened awareness of risks may have changed prescribing habits over the years. However, these trends are not fully described, especially in vulnerable people such as multimorbid older adults.ObjectiveWe aimed to describe the annual prevalence of benzodiazepine and other hypnotic use in relation to multimorbidity among older adults in the province of Quebec, Canada, from 2000 to 2016.MethodWe conducted a population‐based study using the Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System. We included all individuals aged ≥66 years covered by the public drug plan. For each year, we evaluated the sex‐ and age‐standardized proportion of benzodiazepine and other hypnotic users, defined as individuals with at least one drug claim in the year. We stratified our results according to multimorbidity and used log‐binomial regression to study trends.ResultsThe proportion of individuals using benzodiazepines decreased from 34.8% in 2000 to 24.8% in 2016 (p for trend <0.001). Multimorbid people (≥2 chronic diseases) remained the highest users over the years, with 43.3% and 30.6% of them being users in 2000 and 2016, respectively. Conversely, the proportion of users increased for other hypnotics, particularly for trazodone and quetiapine, rising from 5.4% to 8.4% (p < 0.001), and especially among multimorbid individuals (from 7.4% to 11.6%).ConclusionOlder adults used benzodiazepines less frequently but quetiapine and trazodone more frequently in recent years. The use of these medications, particularly in multimorbid people at risk of adverse events, must be addressed.
Chloroplast import of an intermembrane space protein is facilitated by translocon components Toc75 and Tic236
Authors: Chuang Meng‐Rong , Chen Lih‐Jen , Li Hsou‐min 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChloroplasts are divided into six subcompartments: the outer membrane, intermembrane space, and inner membrane of the envelope, the stroma, the thylakoid membrane, and the thylakoid lumen. Compared with our knowledge of protein import into other subcompartments, extremely little is known about how proteins are imported into the intermembrane space of the envelope. Tic22 was one of the first proteins identified as localizing to the intermembrane space and the only one for which import has been analyzed in some detail. However, conflicting results have been obtained concerning whether the general translocon is used to import Tic22 into the intermembrane space. Taking advantage of available translocon component mutants, we reanalyzed import of Tic22. We reveal reduced in vitro import of Tic22 preprotein (prTic22) into chloroplasts isolated from the Arabidopsis mar1 and tic236 mutants, which are functional knockdown mutants of the outer‐membrane channel Toc75 and the intermembrane space linker Tic236, respectively. Import competition experiments also showed that prTic22 import was reduced by excess amounts of a stroma‐targeted preprotein. Our results indicate that prTic22 uses at least part of the general translocon for import into the intermembrane space.
Status of radiotherapy staff during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic in China
Authors: Wang Hui , Chen Lulu , Liu Zheming , Li Ping , Xu Tangpeng , Fu Zhenmin , Song Qibin , Wu Hongxue , Li Xiangpan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) broke out in Wuhan, China. The pandemic has posed a great challenge to radiation oncology departments, as interruptions in radiation therapy (RT) increase the risks of cancer recurrence or failure of the therapy as a whole. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of COVID‐19 on radiation therapy staff in China.MethodsAs many working staff at different radiation oncology departments in China as possible were retrospectively enrolled from 23 January to 9 March 2020. They were then invited to answer a questionnaire, for essential data collection, from which their basic information, anxiety level, and workload were analyzed.ResultsSeven (0.39%) of the 1 755 radiation therapy staff who answered the questionnaire had contracted COVID‐19, all of whom were from Wuhan. The factors influencing susceptibility were not sex (P = 1.000), age (P = 0.480), or comorbidities (P = 0.600), but geographic location (P < 0.001) and whether the respondent worked in a designated COVID‐19 hospital (P = 0.003). In terms of protection procedures, four participants carried out basic, one second‐level and two third‐level protection procedures. The difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.720). The infected respondents’ anxiety level related to the outbreak (average score 6.57) was higher than that of their counterparts in Wuhan (5.18), as well as across the country (4.79), and 71.43% of those infected expressed the need for psychological interventions. During the epidemic, departments of 428 respondents (24.39%) shut down, while 76.71% of the respondents reported workload reduction.ConclusionThe factors related to COVID‐19 infection were the geographic location and whether the respondent worked in a designated COVID‐19 hospital. The infected respondents experienced greater psychological pressure than their uninfected counterparts and, therefore, required more psychological interventions.
Good's syndrome with diffuse panbronchiolitis as the prominent manifestation: A case and literature review
Authors: Luo Tian , Wang Lile , Fu Daiyan , Hu Ruicheng , Kong Chunchu , Chen Yunrong , Li Xi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGood's syndrome (GS) is characterized by thymoma combined with adult‐onset immunodeficiency. Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease, which predominantly affects East Asians. Japanese scholars have reported extensively about GS combined with DPB or DPB‐like pulmonary manifestation. However, such reports are rare in China. We report here a case of GS in China with DPB as the prominent manifestation and carry out a literature review accordingly. Our review indicates that in adults with DPB‐like clinical manifestations, thymic lesions should be excluded and related immune function tests should be performed to exclude GS to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.
Compressible Ionized Natural 3D Interconnected Loofah Membrane for Salinity Gradient Power Generation
Authors: Luan Pengcheng , Zhao Yuyue , Li Qiang , Cao Daxian , Wang Ying , Sun Xiao , Liu Chao , Zhu Hongli 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLarge‐scale salinity gradient power energy harvesting has generated broad attention in recent years, in which affordable ion‐selective membranes (ISMs) are essential for its practical implementation. In this study, for the first time, ISMs derived from natural loofah sponge are reported, which have features of high hydrophilicity, superior ion conductivity, and 3D interconnected long fibers. The permselectivity and ion conductivity of loofah‐based anion‐selective membranes (ASMs) and cation‐selective membranes (CSMs) are designed by chemical modification of the surface functional groups of loofah fibers and followed with compression and the resin filling. The charged nanochannels inside the ISMs are served as ion conductive and selective channels based on the nanofluidic effects and Donnan exclusion. Meanwhile, the unique isotropic structure endows excellent dimensional stability under the NaCl solution for months. When ISMs are used for salinity gradient power generation from the gradient of artificial seawater and river water, the maximum power density is 18.3 mW m‐2. When ten units of loofah‐based ISMs are stacked in series, a voltage as high as 1.55 V is achieved. The results highlight the great potential of natural fibers for fabricating affordable, durable, and high performance ISMs, paving a sustainable pathway for developing high‐performance, durable, and low‐cost salinity gradient power generators.
Using calcium‐rich precursors to improve the early‐compressive strength of alkali‐activated slag cement at low temperature
Authors: Yang Kai , Yang Yong , Deng Jiaxin , Xiong Deyi , Zhu Xiaohong , Li Qing , Yang Changhui , Basheer Muhammed 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examines the potential of using calcium‐rich precursors to improve the strength of alkali‐activated slag (AAS) cement at low temperature. To achieve this target, the effect of calcium‐rich precursors on the early strength development of AAS mortars cured at 5°C was assessed. The strength development was investigated along with its internal temperature, microstructure and reaction products. It is found that the calcium‐rich precursors can improve the early strength of AAS around 35% and the group with Portland cement clinker gave the highest strength. Calcium oxide can also increase the compressive strength of AAS cement, but its effectiveness is not as good as the sample with clinker. Adding calcium sulfoaluminate can increase the early strength, while no significant contribution to 28‐day strength could be found. The results highlight that compressive strength of modified AAS mortar can reach 15 MPa at 6 h and 20 MPa at 24 h at 5°C, suggesting that this binder could be a valuable alternative for low temperature construction.
Two‐dimensional pseudo‐steady supersonic flow around a sharp corner
Authors: Yao Aidi , Sheng Wancheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the expansion problem which arises in a two‐dimensional (2D) isentropic pseudo‐steady supersonic flow expanding into vacuum around a sharp corner. The problem catches interaction of an incomplete centered simple wave with a backward planar rarefaction wave as well as interaction of a simple wave with rigid wall boundary of the 2D self‐similar Euler equations. Using the methods of characteristic decompositions and invariant regions, we mainly deal with the interaction of two symmetric non‐planar simple waves of the 2D self‐similar Euler equations to obtain the global existence of the solution for the interaction of the simple wave with rigid wall boundary. It follows the global existence of the solution up to the interface of supersonic flow with vacuum of the expansion problem.
Perioperatives Management der postmortalen Organspende
Authors: Englbrecht Jan Sönke , Lanckohr Christian , Ertmer Christian , Zarbock Alexander 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Anzahl postmortal gespendeter Organe ist in Deutschland weit geringer als der Bedarf. Dies unterstreicht die Wichtigkeit einer optimalen Versorgung während des gesamten Prozesses der Organspende.

Fragestellung
Es existieren internationale Leitlinien und nationale Empfehlungen zu intensivmedizinischen organprotektiven Maßnahmen beim Organspender. Für das anästhesiologische Management fehlen evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, anhand der vorhandenen Evidenz die pathophysiologischen Veränderungen des irreversiblen Hirnfunktionsausfalls zu rekapitulieren und sich kritisch mit den empfohlenen Behandlungsstrategien und therapeutischen Zielgrößen auseinanderzusetzen. Auch auf ethische Aspekte der Betreuung des postmortalen Organspenders wird eingegangen.

Methode
Diese Übersichtsarbeit basiert auf einer selektiven Literaturrecherche in PubMed (Suchwörter: „brain dead donor“, „organ procurement“, „organ protective therapy“, „donor preconditioning“, „perioperative donor management“, „ethical considerations of brain dead donor“). Internationale Leitlinien und nationale Empfehlungen wurden besonders berücksichtigt.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt ist die Evidenz für optimale intensivmedizinische und perioperative organprotektive Maßnahmen beim postmortalen Organspender sehr gering. Nationale und internationale Empfehlungen zu Zielwerten und medikamentösen Behandlungsstrategien unterscheiden sich teilweise erheblich: kontrollierte randomisierte Studien fehlen. Der Stellenwert einer Narkose zur Explantation bleibt sowohl unter pathophysiologischen Gesichtspunkten als auch aus ethischer Sicht ungeklärt.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Kenntnisse über die pathophysiologischen Prozesse im Rahmen des irreversiblen Hirnfunktionsausfalls und die organprotektiven Maßnahmen sind ebenso Grundvoraussetzung wie die ethische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema postmortale Organspende. Nur dann kann das Behandlungsteam in dieser herausfordernden Situation sowohl dem Organempfänger als auch dem Organspender und seinen Angehörigen gerecht werden.
Bariatrische Operationen und Schwangerschaft
Authors: Flükiger Laura , Thalheimer Andreas , Vetter Diana , Widmer Jeannette , Joukhadar Ralf , Bueter Marco 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bariatrische Operationen werden weltweit immer häufiger und somit zunehmend an Frauen in reproduktionsfähigem Alter durchgeführt. Das rückt postbariatrische Schwangerschaften mitsamt den damit verbundenen therapeutischen und diagnostischen Besonderheiten automatisch in den Fokus der Gynäkologie.

Fragestellung
Es soll der aktuelle Wissensstand zum Thema bariatrische Chirurgie und Schwangerschaft mit entsprechenden Handlungsempfehlungen gegeben werden.

Material und Methode
Vor dem Hintergrund der verfügbaren Literatur und der klinischen Erfahrung der beteiligten Autoren wurden die wichtigsten Aspekte zusammengefasst.

Resultate
Schwangerschaften nach bariatrischen Operationen kommen immer häufiger vor und erfordern im Falle einer Schwangerschaft gute Kenntnisse der unterschiedlichen Operationstechniken und der sich daraus ergebenden therapeutischen und diagnostischen Konsequenzen. Besonderes Augenmerk sollte dabei auf das engmaschige Monitoring verschiedener Mikronährstoffe gelegt werden, wobei der Zeitpunkt der Schwangerschaft nach bariatrischer Operation eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Die Diagnose einer inneren Hernie nach Magenbypass ist anspruchsvoll und in Verdachtsfällen sollte frühzeitig mit einem erfahrenen adipositaschirurgischen Zentrum Kontakt aufgenommen werden.

Schlussfolgerung
Grundsätzlich ist eine postbariatrische Schwangerschaft für Mutter und Kind unbedenklich, solange eine professionelle und fachgerechte Betreuung der Mütter gewährleistet werden kann.
Efficacy of tocilizumab for refractory Takayasu arteritis: a retrospective study and literature review
Authors: Li Haiyan , Shuai Zongwen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab (TCZ) in the treatment of refractory Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Eleven refractory TAK patients treated with TCZ at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between 2017 July and 2020 December were respectively analyzed. We also respectively analyzed the studies on TCZ efficacy in patients with TAK, from PubMed/MEDLINE, Elsevier Science Direct between January 2010 and April 2021. The median age of 11 patients was 34(19–46) years. After 3 months of TCZ, a significant drop was found in median NIH (3[2–5] at baseline vs 1[0–2] after 6 months; p < 0.05), ITAS-2010 score (8.5[6–11] vs 6[1–10]; p < 0.05). One (9%) patient experienced relapse during TCZ treatment. After withdrawal of TCZ, one patient (9%) underwent relapse and nine patients (81%) were spared of GC use. In literature review, a total of 211 patients (mean age 35 years) were analyzed, including 80 (38%) Chinese and 169 females (80%). Among the 211 patients, (154 patients) 73% achieved remission after the last infusion of TCZ; TAK relapsed in 6% of patients during TCZ treatment and 5% of the TCZ patients after the withdrawal of TCZ. A total of 95 types of adverse events were observed in the literature. Infection was the most common adverse effect, occurring in 50% of patients. TCZ could serve as an efficacious and safe agent for refractory TAK.
Association of dairy intake with all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality in Japanese adults: a 25-year population-based cohort
Authors: Lu Yukai , Sugawara Yumi , Matsuyama Sanae , Fukao Akira , Tsuji Ichiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The association between dairy intake and mortality remains uncertain, and evidence for the Japanese population is scarce. We aimed to investigate the association between dairy intake and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Japanese adults.

Methods
A total of 34,161 participants (16,565 men and 17,596 women) aged 40–64 years without a history of cancer, myocardial infarction, or stroke at baseline were included in the analysis, using data from the Miyagi Cohort Study initiated in 1990. Milk, yogurt, and cheese intake were obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Total dairy intake was calculated as the sum of milk, yogurt, and cheese intake and then categorized by quartile. The outcomes were all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality risks.

Results
During 750,016 person-years of follow-up, the total number of deaths was 6498, including 2552 deaths due to cancer and 1693 deaths due to CVD. There was no association between total dairy intake and all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality for both men and women. We also examined the associations between subgroup dairy products and mortality. For milk and yogurt intake, our results suggest null associations. However, cheese intake was modestly associated with lower all-cause mortality in women; compared with non-consumers, the multivariable HRs (95%CIs) were 0.89 (0.81–0.98) for 1–2 times/month, 0.88 (0.78–1.00) for 1–2 times/week, and 0.89 (0.74–1.07) for 3 times/week or almost daily (p trend = 0.016).

Conclusion
Dairy intake was not associated with mortality in Japanese adults, except for limited evidence showing a modest association between cheese intake and a lower all-cause mortality risk in women.