bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secularizing Effects of Christian Mission: Fifty Years After Elmer Miller’s “The Christian Missionary, Agent of Secularization”
Authors: Kruithof Maryse 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
It has been suggested that Christianity is inextricably linked with secularization due to its emphasis on purification and rationalization. But if we believe secularization in Europe is at least partly caused by internal developments within Christianity, may we then assume that secularization emerges wherever Christian missionaries are successful? Has the Christian mission unwittingly instigated secularization in its mission fields? This literature review analyses the argument that American anthropologist Elmer Miller made in the article “The Christian Missionary, Agent of Secularization” (1970) and explores whether his thesis has been confirmed in academic literature during the past fifty years. Miller presents rationalization as the primary driver of secularization and explains how missionaries have played a decisive role in this process. This paper demonstrates that while rationalization has often been mentioned as an effect of the Christian mission in other sources, the process has rarely been linked to secularization in the mission field.
Wounded Because of Religion: Identifying the Components of Gender-Specific Religious Persecution of Christians
Authors: Fisher Helene , Miller Elizabeth Lane , Sauer Christof 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Emerging understanding of gender-specific religious persecution in some of the world’s most difficult countries for Christians offers timely insight into complex dynamics in which the church and missions have too often been unwittingly complicit due to limited visibility of the components contributing to these wounds. Fresh research into these deeply wounding global phenomena stands as both a warning and a pointer towards an avenue for effective ministrations by churches and Christian ministries that are working in the most severely affected areas of the world. Drawing on the latest trends identified by World Watch Research, outcomes of the Consultation for Christian Women under Pressure for their Faith, a contemporary case study from Central African Republic, and a biblical narrative, we will explore practical opportunities for a holistic approach to bring preparedness, healing, and restoration for communities under severe pressure for their Christian faith.
The Impacts of a Climate Change SSI-STEAM Program on Junior High School Students’ Climate Literacy
Authors: Choi Su-Yeon , Won A-Rang , Chu Hye-Eun , Cha Hyun-Jung , Shin Hyeonjeong , Kim Chan-Jong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aims to investigate climate literacy among junior high school students participating in an SSI-STEAM climate change education program and to examine the impacts of the program on the cultivation of climate literacy. Thirty-one eighth-grade students in Seoul, Korea, participated in this study. Data were collected using pre- and post-program surveys with a climate literacy questionnaire (CLQ), students’ background survey questions, interviews with participants, and from the artifacts produced by students during the program. Participants’ climate literacy was shown to improve substantially after attending the program, especially in the domains of perception and action. The four characteristics of climate literacy change were identified in the participants’ responses: more concrete ideas, extension of the scope of thinking, positive responsibility, and relevance recognition. The climate literacy program developed showed potential for fostering young people’s climate literacy along with their understanding of responsible national and global citizenship. The study discusses the implications of these findings and includes suggestions for future climate literacy program development and for both curricular and extra-curricular climate change education that can together nurture students’ more profound understanding of climate change.
Radiative feedbacks on land surface change and associated tropical precipitation shifts
Authors: Laguë Marysa M. , Swann Abigail L. S. , Boos William R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChanges in land surface albedo and land surface evaporation modulate the atmospheric energy budget by changing temperatures, water vapor, clouds, snow and ice cover, and the partitioning of surface energy fluxes. Here idealized perturbations to land surface properties are imposed in a global model to understand how such forcings drive shifts in zonal mean atmospheric energy transport and zonal mean tropical precipitation. For a uniform decrease in global land albedo, the albedo forcing and a positive water vapor feedback contribute roughly equally to increased energy absorption at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), while radiative changes due to the temperature and cloud cover response provide a negative feedback and energy loss at TOA. Decreasing land albedo causes a northwards shift in the zonal mean intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). The combined effects on ITCZ location of all atmospheric feedbacks roughly cancel for the albedo forcing; the total ITCZ shift is comparable to that predicted for the albedo forcing alone. For an imposed increase in evaporative resistance that reduces land evaporation, low cloud cover decreases in the northern mid-latitudes and more energy is absorbed at TOA there; longwave loss due to warming provides a negative feedback on the TOA energy balance and ITCZ shift. Imposed changes in land albedo and evaporative resistance modulate fundamentally different aspects of the surface energy budget. However, the pattern of TOA radiation changes due to the water vapor and air temperature responses are highly correlated for these two forcings because both forcings lead to near-surface warming.
Outcomes After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Hyperkinetic Biliary Dyskinesia
Authors: Whitaker Litton F. , Bosley Maggie E. , Refugia Justin M. , Powell Myron S. , McNatt Stephen S. , Westcott Carl J. , Koch Kenneth L. , Bennett Paige , Rigdon Joseph , Fernandez Adolfo Z. 
Published: May 2021

Background Biliary dyskinesia (BD) is a poorly understood functional gallbladder disorder. Diagnosis is made with abdominal pain and an intact gallbladder without signs of anatomical obstruction on imaging or pathology. Our aim was to assess whether laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) resolves hyperkinetic BD symptoms. Methods Records of patients ≥18 years of age, who underwent LC by four surgeons at a tertiary care center between 2012 and 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were excluded if they had a documented gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF) <80% or had biliary stones or sludge on pathology or imaging. Demographic information, HIDA results, preoperative testing, operative details, gallbladder pathology, and symptom status at follow-up were collected from electronic medical records. Improvement in BD symptoms was assessed using McNemar’s test. Risk differences with standard errors were employed to estimate percent reduction in symptoms. Results Ninety-eight patients met inclusion criteria. Of those who presented for follow-up (n = 91), 92.3% (n = 84) reported partial or complete resolution of symptoms. Preoperative symptoms, including back pain (16.7%, 95% CI: [7.9%, 25.5%]; P < .0001), epigastric pain (31.1% [21.3%, 41.3%]; P < .0001), nausea (56.7% [45.0%, 65.8%]; P < .0001), RUQ pain (57.8% [46.1%, 66.9%]; P < .0001), and vomiting (27.8% [18.4%, 37.7%]; P < .0001) showed significant improvement after LC. Chronic cholecystitis and/or cholesterolosis were present on pathology in 79.8% of gallbladders. Discussion Our study currently represents the largest cohort of patients with hyperkinetic BD. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy appears to result in resolution of symptoms for this clinical entity.
Insurance Status Impacts Hospital Discharge for Penetrating Trauma Survivors
Authors: Olafson Samantha N. , Cohen Ryan B. , Parsikia Afshin , Moran Benjamin , Kaplan Mark J. , Leung Pak 
Published: May 2021

Background Despite equalized acute care in trauma, disparities exist in the long-term outcomes of trauma survivors. Prior studies have revealed insurance status plays a role in the discharge destination of blunt trauma survivors. This is yet to be described in patients with penetrating traumatic injury. Methods A retrospective chart review from 2009 to 2019 from an urban Level 1 trauma center identified adult patients who survived penetrating trauma to discharge. Patients were categorized by insurance status. Patient demographics, discharge destination, and hospital length of stay (LOS) were analyzed using the t-test and ANOVA. Results 1806 patients were identified with 1410 survivors to hospital discharge. Among the survivors, 26.8% were uninsured, 13.1% were privately insured, and 60.0% had Medicare/Medicaid. The uninsured patients were significantly less likely to be discharged to a rehabilitation facility or skilled nursing facility (OR = .49, 95% CI .35-.71) compared to the insured patients. Uninsured survivors had shorter LOS compared to the other groups (5.8 vs. 7.3, P < .01.) Severity of injury did not significantly influence the discharge destination or LOS between the groups. Conclusion Despite recent health care reform, many trauma patients remain uninsured. Our study shows that uninsured penetrating trauma survivors are less likely to be discharged to rehabilitation and skilled nursing facilities. This may contribute to uninsured trauma survivors not receiving appropriate post-traumatic care and could lead to the accrual of undue disability, long-term complications, and increased societal burdens.
Telemedicine Experience of General Surgery Trainees: Impact on Patient Care and Education
Authors: Nakashima Brandon J. , Kaur Navpreet , Wongjirad Chelsey , Inaba Kenji , Sheikh Mohd Raashid 
Published: May 2021

Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on patient care, including the increased utilization of contact-free clinic visits using telemedicine. We looked to assess current utilization of, experience with, and opinions regarding telemedicine by general surgery residents at an academic university–based surgical training program. Design A response-anonymous 19-question survey was electronically distributed to all general surgery residents at a single academic university–based general surgery residency program. Setting University of Southern California (USC) general surgery residency participants: Voluntarily participating general surgery residents at the University of Southern California. Results The response rate from USC general surgery residents was 100%. A majority of residents (76%) had utilized either video- or telephone-based visits during their careers. No resident had undergone formal training to provide telemedicine, although most residents indicated a desire for training (57.1%) and acknowledged that telemedicine should be a part of surgical training (75.6%). A wide variety of opinions regarding the educational experience of residents participating in telemedicine visits was elicited. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic brought telemedicine to the forefront as an integral part of future patient care, including for surgical patients. Additional investigations into nationwide telemedicine exposure and practice among United States general surgery residencies is imperative, and the impact of the implementation of telemedicine curricula on general surgery resident telemedicine utilization, comfort with telemedicine technology, and patient outcomes are further warranted. Competencies Practice-based learning, systems-based practice, interpersonal and communication skills
A High C-Reactive Protein Level on Postoperative Day 7 Is Associated With Poor Survival of Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma After Resection
Authors: Tani Masaji , Iida Hiroya , Maehira Hiromitsu , Mori Haruki , Miyake Toru , Kaida Sachiko 
Published: May 2021

Introduction Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a common malignancy. While inflammation-related biomarkers influence patient survival after resection, it has not been known whether postoperative inflammations affect the survival of PDAC patients or not. Methods It was investigated whether the universal biomarkers on postoperative day (POD) 7 affect the survival of PDAC patients in the retrospective view, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed via the Cox regression method. Results Overall, 108 consecutive patients underwent resection; 98 (90.7%) had T3 disease and 73 (67.6%) had lymph node metastases. Thirty-four patients (31.5%) experienced postoperative complications. Compared with preoperative values, the white blood cell count and C-reactive protein (CRP) level on POD 7 were significantly elevated ( P < .001 for both); conversely, the lymphocyte count was significantly reduced ( P < .001). Among 108 patients, 72 received adjuvant chemotherapy. The median overall survival was 21.0 months; the 5-year survival rate was 22.3%. On multivariate analysis, receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and low CRP levels on POD 7 (<7.6 mg/dL) were prognosticators of better survival. However, the CD classification was not a prognosticator of survival after resection. Conclusions Adjuvant chemotherapy and postoperative low CRP levels on POD 7 were prognosticators of better survival of PDAC patients after resection. Surgeons should be aware of managing postoperative infections because a high postoperative CRP level is related with unfavorable survival.
Multi-Disciplinary Skull Base Conference and its Effects on Patient Management
Authors: Kemper Nathan , Shapiro Scott B. , Mains Allie , Lipschitz Noga , Breen Joseph , Hazenfield John Michael , Zuccarello Mario , Forbes Jonathan , Samy Ravi N. 
Published: May 2021

Objective: Examine the effects of a multi-disciplinary skull base conference (MDSBC) on the management of patients seen for skull base pathology in a neurotology clinic. Methods: Retrospective case review of patients who were seen in a neurotology clinic at a tertiary academic medical center for pathology of the lateral skull base and were discussed at an MDSBC between July 2019 and February 2020. Patient characteristics, nature of the skull base pathology, and pre- and post-MDSBC plan of care was categorized. Results: A total of 82 patients with pathology of the lateral skull base were discussed at a MDSBC during an 8-month study period. About 54 (65.9%) had a mass in the internal auditory canal and/or cerebellopontine angle while 28 (34.1%) had other pathology of the lateral skull base. Forty-nine (59.8%) were new patients and 33 (40.2%) were established. The management plan changed in 11 (13.4%, 7.4-22.6 95% CI) patients as a result of the skull base conference discussion. The planned management changed from some form of treatment to observation in 4 patients, and changed from observation to some form of treatment in 4 patients. For 3 patients who underwent surgery, the planned approach was altered. Conclusions: For a significant proportion of patients with pathology of the lateral skull base, the management plan changed as a result of discussion at an MDSBC. Although participants of a MDSBC would agree of its importance, it is unclear how an MDSBC affects patient outcomes.
Factorial Validity and Factorial Invariance Across Gender of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-Chinese version in Undergraduates
Authors: Liu Qian , Yang Huihui , Peng Wanrong , Liu Zhaoxia , Wang Jingwei , Chu Jun , Liu Jinyu , Li Feng , Zhong Mingtian 
Published: May 2021

Objective This study was aimed to examine the factor structure and factorial invariance across gender of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-Chinese version (FMPS-CV). Methods The FMPS-CV was completed by 2451 undergraduates. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed to verify its factorial validity, and Multigroup CFA were performed to examine its factorial invariance across gender. Gender differences were compared on scores of FMPS-CV. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also detected. Clinical characteristics were compared between adaptive and maladaptive perfectionists categorized by positive and negative scores of FMPS-CV. Results CFA supported the six-factor structure of FMPS-CV, and Multigroup CFA evidenced its factorial invariance across gender. No significant gender differences were found. The adaptive perfectionists scored significantly lower on clinical variables than maladaptive perfectionists. Moreover, the reliability indicators met the standards. Conclusions The good psychometrics properties of FMPS-CV supported it could be used to assess perfectionism in Chinese young adults.
Social and Cognitive Aspects of Women Entrepreneurs: Evidence from India
Authors: Arafat Mohd Yasir , Ali Javed , Dwivedi Amit Kumar , Saleem Imran 
Published: May 2021

Executive Summary In the present era, the role of women entrepreneurship has been recognized in the process of economic development worldwide; hence, it must be promoted. Before designing any policy intervention to boost women entrepreneurship, it is important to understand the factors driving women to become entrepreneurs. The previous research on women entrepreneurship was preoccupied with performance of businesses run by women. This research aimed at answering the question: ‘What motivates or discourages the women of a society or an economy from becoming an entrepreneur?’ More specifically, this research investigates factors affecting the entrepreneurial propensity of Indian women through the lenses of cognitive and social capital perspectives. The present study is steered to enhance the understanding of women entrepreneurship at a niche level. Scholars have tried to explain factors affecting women entrepreneurship using myriad of approaches. However, these approaches have been criticized on methodological, conceptual and predictive ability weaknesses. Recently, cognitive and social capital perspectives have gained currency in explaining entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of cognitive factors—opportunity perception (Hypothesis 1), risk perception (Hypothesis 2) and perceived capabilities (Hypothesis 3)—and social capital factors—social networks (Hypothesis4) and informal investment (Hypothesis 5)—on women’s entrepreneurial propensity in India, a developing country. A data set of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Adult Population Survey including a sample of 1305 Indians was used and binary logistic regression technique was employed to analyse the data. The finding shows that the entrepreneurial opportunities have no significant influence on women entrepreneurship; risk perception discourages women from becoming entrepreneurs, and perceived capabilities influence the decision of women to engage in entrepreneurship; social network motivates women to be entrepreneurial, and being an informal investor encourages them to start their venture. Surprisingly, we do not find support for opportunity perception. Therefore, policymakers should pay more attention to these factors of perception and social networks so that, the propensity of a woman to become entrepreneur would be increased.
Standard of care for lipedema in the United States
Authors: Herbst Karen L , Kahn Linda Anne , Iker Emily , Ehrlich Chuck , Wright Thomas , McHutchison Lindy , Schwartz Jaime , Sleigh Molly , Donahue Paula MC , Lisson Kathleen H , Faris Tami , Miller Janis , Lontok Erik , Schwartz Michael S , Dean Steven M , Bartholomew John R , Armour Polly , Correa-Perez Margarita , Pennings Nicholas , Wallace Edely L , Larson Ethan 
Published: May 2021

Background Lipedema is a loose connective tissue disease predominantly in women identified by increased nodular and fibrotic adipose tissue on the buttocks, hips and limbs that develops at times of hormone, weight and shape change including puberty, pregnancy, and menopause. Lipedema tissue may be very painful and can severely impair mobility. Non-lipedema obesity, lymphedema, venous disease, and hypermobile joints are comorbidities. Lipedema tissue is difficult to reduce by diet, exercise, or bariatric surgery. Methods This paper is a consensus guideline on lipedema written by a US committee following the Delphi Method. Consensus statements are rated for strength using the GRADE system. Results Eighty-five consensus statements outline lipedema pathophysiology, and medical, surgical, vascular, and other therapeutic recommendations. Future research topics are suggested. Conclusion These guidelines improve the understanding of the loose connective tissue disease, lipedema, to advance our understanding towards early diagnosis, treatments, and ultimately a cure for affected individuals.
Effect of yoga on health-related quality of life in central nervous system disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Lenoir dit Caron Rita , Coquart Jeremy , Gilliaux Maxime 
Published: May 2021

Objective: Investigate the effect of yoga on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with central nervous system disorders. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on the PubMed-NCBI, EBSCO Host, Cochrane Library, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases until 05 April 2021. Only randomized control trials published in English or French were included and had to compare yoga to another intervention group or a control group. They also had to clearly measure HRQoL. Methodological quality was assessed with the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials and the quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Results: Sixteen studies were found, including six for multiple sclerosis, five for Parkinson’s disease, two for stroke, one for dementia, one for epilepsy and one for brain tumour. Only 12 studies performed between-group statistics and 8 found a significant difference between groups after treatment. When yoga was compared to no intervention, the results were generally in favour of the yoga group, but when yoga was compared to another intervention programme, there was generally no significant difference between groups. There were many different HRQoL questionnaires, even within the same disease, which reduces the comparability of studies. Conclusions: With low to moderate quality of the evidence, yoga seems effective to improve HRQoL in people with Parkinson’s disease. For multiple sclerosis, stroke, dementia, epilepsy and brain tumour, the quality of the evidence is still insufficient to conclude of the effectiveness of yoga.