bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Long-term Effect of Dobutamine on Intrinsic Myocardial Function and Myocardial Injury in Septic Rats with Myocardial Dysfunction
Authors: Tang Xiangxu , Xu Yaqian , Dai Xiaomeng , Xing Yun , Yang Duomeng , Huang Qingyang , Li Hongmei , Lv Xiuxiu , Wang Yiyang , Lu Daxiang , Wang Huadong 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Dobutamine (DOB) is recommended as an inotrope for septic patients with low cardiac output, but its long-term impact on sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy remains unclear. This study investigated the long-term effect of DOB on septic myocardial dysfunction and injury. Rats were exposed to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), the intrinsic myocardial function, other organ functions, hemodynamics, inflammatory response, serum myocardial injury biomarkers, myocardial apoptosis, and vascular permeability were determined. At 6 h after CLP, the left ventricular ±dP/dt were significantly depressed, cardiac tumor necrosis factor-α and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression were increased, but not serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), creatinine, and urea nitrogen concentrations in CLP group compared with controls. At 9 h after CLP, hepatic dysfunction was present in CLP rats compared with controls. At 6 h after CLP, DOB treatment did not affect hemodynamics, the left ventricular ±dP/dt, cytokine levels in serum and myocardium, as well as cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac vascular hyperpermeability at 20 h after CLP. However, DOB (10.0 μg/kg) increased serum IL-10 level and improved survival in septic rats. These results indicate that the intrinsic myocardial depression occurs earlier than hepatic and renal dysfunction in sepsis and serum cTnI, NT-proBNP, and H-FABP are not suitable as early biomarkers for sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction. Although DOB treatment (10.0 μg/kg) in the presence of myocardial dysfunction improves survival in septic rats, it neither improves myocardial function and hemodynamics nor attenuates myocardial injury at the later stage of sepsis.
A Randomized Porcine Study in Low Cardiac Output of Vasoactive and Inotropic Drug Effects on the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Seilitz Jenny , Grafver Isabelle , Kiszakiewicz Lars , Oikonomakis Ioannis , Jansson Kjell , Axelsson Birger , Nilsson Kristofer F. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Splanchnic vasodilation by inodilators is an argument for their use in critical cardiac dysfunction. To isolate peripheral vasoactivity from inotropy, such drugs were investigated, and contrasted to vasopressors, in a fixed low cardiac output (CO) model resembling acute cardiac dysfunction effects on the gastrointestinal tract. We hypothesized that inodilators would vasodilate and preserve the aerobic metabolism in the splanchnic circulation in low CO.

Methods:
In anesthetized pigs, CO was lowered to 60% of baseline by partial inferior caval vein balloon inflation. The animals were randomized to placebo (n = 8), levosimendan (24 μg kg−1 bolus, 0.2 μg kg−1 min−1, n = 7), milrinone (50 μg kg−1 bolus, 0.5 μg kg−1 min−1, n = 7), vasopressin (0.001, 0.002 and 0.006 U kg−1 min−1, 1 h each, n = 7) or norepinephrine (0.04, 0.12, and 0.36 μg kg−1 min−1, 1 h each, n = 7). Hemodynamic variables including mesenteric blood flow were collected. Systemic, mixed-venous, mesenteric-venous, and intraperitoneal metabolites were analyzed.

Results:
Cardiac output was stable at 60% in all groups, which resulted in systemic hypotension, low superior mesenteric artery blood flow, lactic acidosis, and increased intraperitoneal concentrations of lactate. Levosimendan and milrinone did not change any circulatory variables, but levosimendan increased blood lactate concentrations. Vasopressin and norepinephrine increased systemic and mesenteric vascular resistances at the highest dose. Vasopressin increased mesenteric resistance more than systemic, and the intraperitoneal lactate concentration and lactate/pyruvate ratio.

Conclusion:
Splanchnic vasodilation by levosimendan and milrinone may be negligible in low CO, thus rejecting the hypothesis. High-dose vasopressors may have side effects in the splanchnic circulation.
Supplementation With Dexmedetomidine for Transsphenoidal Resection of Pituitary Adenoma: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Liu Zhongtao , Gao Caibin , Liu Chunhong , Liu Wenqing , Xu Xingguo , Ma Tongshan , Du Xiaoxia , Shen Jianbo 
Published: January 2021

Introduction
The effect of dexmedetomidine supplementation on hemodynamic stability for transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenoma remains controversial. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the influence of dexmedetomidine supplementation on hemodynamic stability for transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenoma.

Methods
We have searched PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases through August 2020 for randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of dexmedetomidine supplementation on transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenoma.

Results
Four randomized controlled trials involving 160 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with the control group for transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenoma, dexmedetomidine supplementation resulted in significantly reduced mean arterial pressure at 30 minutes [mean difference (MD), −26.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), −36.71 to −16.53; P < 0.00001], heart rate at 30 minutes (MD, −16.50; 95% CI, −32.48 to −0.53; P = 0.04), blood loss (MD, −112.57; 95% CI, −165.12 to −60.01; P < 0.0001), and fentanyl (MD, −154.13; 95% CI, −303.97 to −4.29; P = 0.04), but demonstrated similar incidence of nausea and vomiting (odds ratio, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.13–1.03; P = 0.06), and hypotension (odds ratio, 2.11; 95% CI, 0.49–9.22; P = 0.32).

Conclusions
Dexmedetomidine supplementation was effective in improving hemodynamic stability for transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenoma.
Utilization of Whole Genome Sequencing to Understand SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Dynamics in Long-Term Care Facilities, Correctional Facilities and Meat Processing Plants in Minnesota, March – June 2020
Authors: Lehnertz Nicholas B , Wang Xiong , Garfin Jacob , Taylor Joanne , Zipprich Jennifer , VonBank Brittany , Martin Karen , Eikmeier Dana , Medus Carlota , Wiedinmyer Brooke , Bernu Carmen , Plumb Matthew , Pung Kelly , Honein Margaret A. , Carter Rosalind , MacCannell Duncan , Smith Kirk E. , Como-Sabetti Kathryn , Ehresmann Kris , Danila Richard , Lynfield Ruth 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCongregate settings and high-density workplaces have endured a disproportionate impact from COVID-19. In order to provide further understanding of the transmission patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in these settings, whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on samples obtained from 8 selected outbreaks in Minnesota from March – June, 2020. WGS and phylogenetic analysis was conducted on 319 samples, constituting 14.4% of the 2,222 total SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals associated with these outbreaks. Among the sequenced specimens, three LTCFs and both correctional facilities had spread associated with a single genetic sequence. A fourth LTCF had outbreak cases associated with two distinct sequences. In contrast, cases associated with outbreaks in the two meat processing plants represented multiple SARS-CoV-2 sequences. These results suggest that a single introduction of SARS-CoV-2 into a facility can result in a widespread outbreak, and early identification and cohorting of cases, along with continued vigilance with infection prevention and control measures is imperative.
IL-2 and IFN-γ are biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 specific cellular response in whole blood stimulation assays
Authors: Pérez-Cabezas Begoña , Ribeiro Ricardo , Costa Inês , Esteves Sofia , Teixeira Ana Rafaela , Reis Teresa , Monteiro Ricardo , Afonso Alexandre , Pinheiro Vitor , Antunes Maria Isabel , Lucília Araújo Maria , Ribeiro João Niza , Cordeiro-da-Silva Anabela , Santarém Nuno , Tavares Joana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA proper description of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 will be critical for the assessment of protection elicited after both infection and vaccination. Uncoupled T and B cell responses have been described in acute and convalescent patients and exposed individuals. We assessed the potential usefulness of whole blood stimulation assays to identify functional cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. Blood from COVID-19 recovered individuals (5 months after infection) and negative subjects was stimulated for 24 hours with HLA predicted peptide “megapools” of the Spike and Nucleoprotein, or the mixture of them. After stimulation, cytokines were quantified using a beads-based multiplex assay. Interleukin-2 and IFN-γ were found to be specific biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 cellular response. Using the Spike and Nucleoprotein mixture, 91.3% of COVID-19 recovered individuals presented an IL-2 stimulation index over the cut-off, while 82.6% showed IFN-γ. All the negative individuals presented an IL-2 response under the cut-off, while 5.3% of these subjects presented positive IFN-γ stimulation indexes. Moreover, IL-2 production correlated with IgG levels for Spike 1, RBD, and Nucleocapsid. In conclusion, we demonstrate the potential of whole blood stimulation assays and the quantification of IL-2 and IFN-γ for the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 functional cellular responses.
Identifying low risk insecticides that can enhance food production without increasing mortality of biocontrol agents for human schistosomiasis
Authors: Haggerty Christopher J E , Delius Bryan K. , Jouanard Nicolas , Ndao Pape D , De Leo Giulio A , Lund Andrea J , Lopez-Carr David , Remais Justin V , Riveau Gilles , Sokolow Susanne H , Rohr Jason R 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTUse of agrochemicals, including insecticides, is vital to food production and predicted to increase 2-5 fold by 2050. Previous studies have shown a positive association between agriculture and the human infectious disease schistosomiasis, which is problematic as this parasitic disease infects approximately 250 million people worldwide. Certain insecticides might runoff fields and be highly toxic to invertebrates, such as prawns in the genusMacrobrachium, that are biocontrol agents for snails that transmit the parasites causing schistosomiasis. We used a laboratory dose-response experiment and an observational field study to determine the relative toxicities of three pyrethroid (esfenvalerate, λ-cyhalothrin, and permethrin) and three organophosphate (chlorpyrifos, malathion, and terbufos) insecticides toMacrobrachiumprawns. In the lab, pyrethroids were consistently several orders of magnitude more toxic than organophosphate insecticides, and more likely to runoff fields at lethal levels according to modeling data. In the field, we found thatMacrobrachiumprawn survival at 31 water contact sites in the lower basin of the Senegal River where schistosomiasis is endemic was predicted by pyrethroid application rates to nearby crop fields after controlling for abiotic and prawn-level factors. Our findings suggest that widely used pyrethroid insecticides can have strong non-target effects onMacrobrachiumprawns that are biocontrol agents where 400 million people are at risk of human schistosomiasis. Understanding the ecotoxicology of high-risk insecticides may help improve human health in schistosomiasis-endemic regions undergoing agricultural expansion.
Thermal proteome profiling reveals distinct target selectivity for differentially oxidized oxysterols
Authors: Rossetti Cecilia , Laraia Luca 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOxysterols are produced physiologically by many species, however their distinct roles in regulating human (patho)physiology have not been studied systematically. The role of differing oxidation states and sites in mediating their biological functions is also unclear. As individual oxysterols have been associated with atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration and cancer, a better understanding of their protein targets would be highly valuable. To address this, we profiled three A- and B-ring oxidized sterols as well as 25-hydroxycholesterol using thermal proteome profiling (TPP), validating selected targets with the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and isothermal dose response fingerprinting (ITDRF). This revealed that the site of oxidation has a profound impact on target selectivity, with each oxysterol possessing an almost unique set of target proteins. However, overall targets clustered in pathways relating to vesicular transport and lipid metabolism and trafficking, suggesting that while individual oxysterols bind to a unique set of proteins, the processes they modulate are highly interconnected.
Convergence of Comorbidity and COVID-19 Infection to Fatality: An Investigation Based on Health Assessment and Vaccination among Older Adults in Kerala
Authors: Joseph Sindhu , Ulahannan Jijo Pulickiyil , Parvathy A J 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of age, comorbidity, and vaccination in the fatality of older COVID-19 patients in the state of Kerala, India, based on their comorbidity and vaccination status.MethodsIt is a cross sectional study adopting a mixed method approach conducted among the older population in Kerala. To study the health profile, 405 older people were surveyed, and 102 people were interviewed in-depth at their households, between June to November 2020. The results of the study were triangulated with elderly COVID-19 fatality data, available from the citizen-science dashboards of the research team and Department of Health, Kerala. Vaccination data was retrieved from cowin.gov.in to study its impact. The data was analysed using the IBM SPSS version 22.0.ResultsAge is a predictor of COVID-19 fatality. Diabetes, hypertension, heart diseases, CKD and COPD are the significant predictors of elderly COVID-19 fatality. The current comorbidity profile of the total older population matches with the comorbidities of the COVID-19 elderly death cases. Vaccination has impacted COVID-19 mortality after vaccinating 65 percent (first dose) of the elderly.ConclusionsAge and comorbidities can predict potential fatality among older COVID-19 patients. Timely and accurate health data and better knowledge of high-risk factors such as comorbidity can easily guide the healthcare system and authorities to efficient prevention and treatment methodologies. Knowledge on prevailing NCDs can drive early preparedness before it converges with an epidemic like the present zoonotic disease. Priority must be given for elderly vaccination to bring down the mortality rates.
Combination of blood biomarkers and stroke scales improves identification of large vessel occlusions
Authors: Gaude Edoardo , Nogueira Barbara , Graham Sheila , Smith Sarah , Shaw Lisa , Graziadio Sara , Mochales Gonzalo Ladreda , Mochales Marcos Ladreda , Sloan Philip , Bernstock Joshua D. , Shekhar Shashank , Gropen Toby I. , Price Christopher I. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeAcute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusions (LVO) is a major contributor to stroke deaths and disabilities; however, identification for emergency treatment is challenging.AimsTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a panel of biomarkers for LVO prediction.Methods170 patients with suspected stroke were recruited retrospectively at one hospital. We analysed the plasma levels of D-dimer, OPN, OPG, GFAP, vWF, and ADAMTS13 in LVO vs non-LVO. Diagnostic performance was estimated by using blood biomarkers alone or in combination with NIHSS-derived stroke severity scales.ResultsOur patient cohort comprised 20% stroke mimics, 11% transient ischemic attack, 11% hemorrhagic stroke, 15% LVO ischemic stroke, 28% non-LVO ischemic stroke, and 15% ischemic stroke with unknown LVO status. Multivariable analysis found that the optimal set of blood biomarkers for LVO prediction was D-dimer (OR 15.4, 95% CI 4.9 to 57.6; p-value<0.001) and GFAP (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.99; p-value=0.03). The combination of D-dimer and GFAP with stroke scales significantly improved LVO prediction, compared to the stroke scales alone (p-value<0.001). The combination of biomarkers with constructed FAST-ED or EMSA scales achieved an AUC of 95% (95% CI 91-100%) or 93% (CI 95% 89-97%), a sensitivity of 91% (95% CI 71-98%) or 86 (95% CI 66-97%), and a specificity of 95% (95% CI 89-98%) or 94% (95% CI 88-98%), for LVO prediction, respectively.ConclusionsThe combination of D-dimer, GFAP, and stroke scales could provide a simple and highly accurate tool for identifying LVO patients.
Modeling the effect of vaccination strategies in an Excel spreadsheet: The rate of vaccination, and not only the vaccination coverage, is a determinant for containing COVID-19 in urban areas
Authors: Moisés Alvarez Mario , Bravo-González Sergio , Trujillo-de Santiago Grissel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe have investigated the importance of the rate of vaccination to contain COVID-19 in urban areas. We used an extremely simple epidemiological model that is amenable to implementation in an Excel spreadsheet and includes the demographics of social distancing, efficacy of massive testing and quarantine, and coverage and rate of vaccination as the main parameters to model the progression of COVID-19 pandemics in densely populated urban areas. Our model predicts that effective containment of pandemic progression in densely populated cities would be more effectively achieved by vaccination campaigns that consider the fast distribution and application of vaccines (i.e., 50% coverage in 6 months) while social distancing measures are still in place. Our results suggest that the rate of vaccination is more important than the overall vaccination coverage for containing COVID-19. In addition, our modeling indicates that widespread testing and quarantining of infected subjects would greatly benefit the success of vaccination campaigns. We envision this simple model as a friendly, readily accessible, and cost-effective tool for assisting health officials and local governments in the rational design/planning of vaccination strategies.
Genetic Characteristics and Phylogeny of 969-bp S Gene Sequence of SARS-CoV-2 from Hawaii Reveals the Worldwide Emerging P681H Mutation
Authors: Maison David P. , Ching Lauren L. , Shikuma Cecilia M. , Nerurkar Vivek R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic has ravaged the world, caused over 1.8 million deaths in the first year, and severely affected the global economy. Hawaii is not spared from the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the local population, including high infection rates in racial and ethnic minorities. Early in the pandemic, we described in this journal various technologies used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Herein we characterize a 969-bp SARS-CoV-2 segment of the S gene downstream of the receptor-binding domain. At the John A. Burns School of Medicine Biocontainment Facility, RNA was extracted from an oropharyngeal swab and a nasal swab from two patients from Hawaii who were infected with the SARS-CoV-2 in August 2020. Following PCR, the two viral strains were sequenced using Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic trees were generated using MEGAX. Phylogenetic tree results indicate that the virus has been introduced to Hawaii from multiple sources. Further, we decoded 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms across 13 unique SARS-CoV-2 genomes within this region of the S gene, with one non-synonymous mutation (P681H) found in the two Hawaii strains. The P681H mutation has unique and emerging characteristics with a significant exponential increase in worldwide frequency when compared to the plateauing of the now universal D614G mutation. The P681H mutation is also characteristic of the new SARS-CoV-2 variants from the United Kingdom and Nigeria. Additionally, several mutations resulting in cysteine residues were detected, potentially resulting in disruption of the disulfide bridges in and around the receptor-binding domain. Targeted sequence characterization is warranted to determine the origin of multiple introductions of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in Hawaii.
Nonadaptive radiation of the gut microbiome in an adaptive radiation ofCyprinodonpupfishes with minor shifts for scale-eating
Authors: Heras J. , Martin C.H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdaptive radiations offer an excellent opportunity to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics of gut microbiota and host niche specialization. In a laboratory common garden, we compared the gut microbiota of two novel trophic specialists, a scale-eater and a molluscivore, to a set of four outgroup generalist populations from which this adaptive radiation originated. We predicted an adaptive and highly divergent microbiome composition in the specialists matching their rapid rates of craniofacial diversification in the past 10 kya. We measured gut lengths and sequenced 16S rRNA amplicons of gut microbiomes from lab-reared fish fed the same high protein diet for one month. In contrast to our predictions, gut microbiota largely reflected 5 Mya phylogenetic divergence times among generalist populations in support of phylosymbiosis. However, we did find significant enrichment ofBurkholderiaceaebacteria in both lab-reared scale-eater populations. These bacteria sometimes digest collagen, the major component of fish scales, supporting an adaptive shift. We also found some enrichment ofRhodobacteraceaeandPlanctomycetaciain lab-reared molluscivore populations, but these bacteria target cellulose. Minor shifts in gut microbiota appear adaptive for scale-eating in this radiation, whereas overall microbiome composition was phylogenetically conserved. This contrasts with predictions of adaptive radiation theory and observations of rapid diversification in all other trophic traits in these hosts, including craniofacial morphology, foraging behavior, aggression, and gene expression, suggesting that microbiome divergence proceeds as a nonadaptive radiation.
Comprehensive multi-omics study of the molecular perturbations induced by simulated diabetes on coronary artery endothelial cells
Authors: Moreno-Ulloa Aldo , Delgado-De la Herrán Hilda Carolina , Álvarez-Delgado Carolina , Mendoza-Porras Omar , Carballo-Castañeda Rommel A. , Villarreal Francisco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCoronary artery endothelial cells (CAEC) exert an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Dysfunction of CAEC is associated with cardiovascular disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, comprehensive studies of the effects that a diabetic environment exerts on this cellular type scarce. The present study characterized the molecular perturbations occurring on cultured bovine CAEC subjected to a prolonged diabetic environment (high glucose [HG] and high insulin [HI]). Changes at the metabolite and peptide level were assessed by untargeted metabolomics and chemoinformatics, and the results were integrated with proteomics data using published SWATH-based proteomics on the samein vitromodel. Our findings were consistent with reports on other endothelial cell types, but also identified novel signatures of DNA/RNA, aminoacid, peptide, and lipid metabolism in cells under a diabetic environment. Manual data inspection revealed disturbances on tryptophan catabolism and biosynthesis of phenylalanine-based, glutathione-based, and proline-based peptide metabolites. Fluorescence microscopy detected an increase in binucleation in cells under treatment that also occurred when human CAEC were used. This multi-omics study identified particular molecular perturbations in an induced diabetic environment that could help unravel the mechanisms underlying the development of cardiovascular disease in subjects with T2DM.