bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diameter of AT‐free graphs
Authors: Ducoffe Guillaume 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA graph algorithm is truly subquadratic if it runs in time on connected ‐edge graphs, for some positive . Roditty and Vassilevska Williams (STOC'13) proved that under plausible complexity assumptions, there is no truly subquadratic algorithm for computing the diameter of general graphs. In this study, we present positive and negative results on the existence of such algorithms for computing the diameter on some special graph classes. Specifically, three vertices in a graph form an asteroidal triple (AT) if between any two of them there exists a path that avoids the closed neighbourhood of the third one. We call a graph AT‐free if it does not contain an AT. We first prove that for all ‐edge AT‐free graphs, one can compute all the eccentricities in truly subquadratic time. For the AT‐free bipartite graphs, it can be improved to linear time. Then, we extend our study to several subclasses of chordal graphs—all of them generalizing interval graphs in various ways—as an attempt to understand which of the properties of AT‐free graphs, or natural generalizations of the latter, can help in the design of fast algorithms for the diameter problem on broader graph classes. For instance, for all chordal graphs with a dominating shortest‐path, there is a linear‐time algorithm for computing a diametral pair if the diameter is at least four. However, already for split graphs with a dominating edge, under plausible complexity assumptions, there is no truly subquadratic algorithm for deciding whether the diameter is either 2 or 3.
CTCF: A novel fusion partner of ETO2 in a multiple relapsed acute myeloid leukemia patient
Authors: Li Jiao , Shen Zhen , Wang Zheng , Chao Hongying , Xu Yi , Zeng Zhao , Bian Xiaosen , Zhang Jun , Pan Jinlan , Miao Weiwei , Wu Wenzhong , Yao Li , Chen Suning , Wen Lijun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractETO2 is a nuclear co-repressor, which plays a critical role in the regulation of the cell cycle, self-renewal capacity, and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. We identified novel fusion transcripts involving ETO2 and CTCF by RNA-seq in a multiple relapsed AML case. The CTCF-ETO2 and ETO2-CTCF chimeric genes were validated by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. In addition, both transcripts apparently promoted cell proliferation via JAK/STAT3 pathway that is sensitive to STAT3 inhibitors. The novel fusions may have prognostic value and pathogenic mechanisms in acute myeloid leukemia.
Transcription factor c-Rel mediates communication between commensal bacteria and mucosal lymphocytes
Authors: Luu Maik , Binder Kai , Hartmann Sabrina , Kespohl Meike , Bazant Jasmin , Romero Rossana , Schütz Burkhard , Steinhoff Ulrich , Visekruna Alexander 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe NF-κB transcription factor c-Rel plays a crucial role in promoting and regulating immune responses and inflammation. However, the function of c-Rel in modulating the mucosal immune system is poorly understood. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and IgA production in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) such as Peyer's patches (PPs) are important for maintaining the intestinal homeostasis. Here, c-Rel was identified as an essential factor regulating intestinal IgA generation and function of Tfh cells. Genetic deletion of c-Rel resulted in the aberrant formation of germinal centers (GCs) in PPs, significantly reduced IgA generation and defective Tfh cell differentiation. Supporting these findings, the Ag-specific IgA response to Citrobacter rodentium was strongly impaired in c-Rel-deficient mice. Interestingly, an excessive expansion of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) was observed in the small intestine of animals lacking c-Rel. Yet, the production of IL-17A, IgA, and IL-21, which are induced by SFB, was impaired due to the lack of transcriptional control by c-Rel. Collectively, the transcriptional activity of c-Rel regulates Tfh cell function and IgA production in the gut, thus preserving the intestinal homeostasis.
Narrow‐bandpass Crank–Nicolson algorithm with enhanced absorbing performance for metamaterials
Authors: Wu Peiyu , Yue Zhiyong , Xie Yongjun , Jiang Haolin , Natsuki Toshiaki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, an alternative algorithm for simulating metamaterials under a narrow bandpass condition is proposed. To calculate metamaterial regions with unique double negative property, the Drude model is used to solve the constitutive relationship. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm over existing methods is demonstrated in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and simulation of absorption. For the numerical example, a metamaterial slab with a dipole antenna model is introduced. Compared with previous works, the numerical results indicate that the proposed algorithm is considerably efficient and simulates absorption. Most importantly, the algorithm can maintain stability and reduce simulation duration.
Effects of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet on winter persistent heavy pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region
Authors: Mei Mei , Ding Yihui , Wang Zunya , Liu Yanju , Zhang Yingxian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBased on the daily average concentration of PM2.5, 15 typical persistent heavy pollution episodes (PHPEs) in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region during the winters of 2013–2019 are identified. And then the impact of the intra‐seasonal variations of the 200‐hPa subtropical westerly jet (SWJ) on the PHPEs is investigated. The results show that the SWJ affects the lifecycle of the PHPEs in the BTH region mainly through the meridional shift and intensity variation. In particular, the intensity variation has a closer relationship with the vertical velocity and low‐level meridional wind to affect the PHPEs. In the developing stage of the PHPEs, the SWJ shifts northward and strengthens. The BTH region is on the left side of the entrance of the SWJ and the vertical secondary circulation intensifies the descending motion in situ. As a result, the atmospheric boundary layer is compressed to sink rapidly, a temperature inversion in the lower levels appears and the atmospheric stability is enhanced. Finally, the atmospheric environment is favourable for the rapid accumulation of pollutants and the occurrence of the PHPEs. In the peak stage, the southward withdrawal and weakening of the SWJ favour the anomalous ascending motion and low‐level southerly anomalies over the BTH region. The dominant role of the dynamic descending motion is replaced by the low‐level southerly anomalies to enhance the PHPEs, by transporting more warm‐humid air to the BTH region. In the weakening stage, the SWJ moves northward and intensifies again. The low‐level southerly anomalies weaken to contribute to the dissipation of the pollutants.
Bibliometric study of ‘overviews of systematic reviews’ of health interventions: Evaluation of prevalence, citation and journal impact factor
Authors: Lunny Carole , Neelakant Trish , Chen Alyssa , Shinger Gavindeep , Stevens Adrienne , Tasnim Sara , Sadeghipouya Shadi , Adams Stephen , Zheng Yi Wen , Lin Lester , Yang Pei Hsuan , Dosanjh Manpreet , Ngsee Peter , Ellis Ursula , Shea Beverley J. , Reid Emma K. , Wright James M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOverviews synthesising the results of multiple systematic reviews help inform evidence‐based clinical practice. In this first of two companion papers, we evaluate the bibliometrics of overviews, including their prevalence and factors affecting citation rates and journal impact factor (JIF). We searched MEDLINE, Epistemonikos and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR). We included overviews that: (a) synthesised reviews, (b) conducted a systematic search, (c) had a methods section and (d) examined a healthcare intervention. Multivariable regression was conducted to determine the association between citation density, JIF and six predictor variables. We found 1218 overviews published from 2000 to 2020; the majority (73%) were published in the most recent 5‐year period. We extracted a selection of these overviews (n = 541; 44%) dated from 2000 to 2018. The 541 overviews were published in 307 journals; CDSR (8%), PLOS ONE (3%) and Sao Paulo Medical Journal (2%) were the most prevalent. The majority (70%) were published in journals with impact factors between 0.05 and 3.97. We found a mean citation count of 10 overviews per year, published in journals with a mean JIF of 4.4. In multivariable analysis, overviews with a high number of citations and JIFs had more authors, larger sample sizes, were open access and reported the funding source. An eightfold increase in the number of overviews was found between 2009 and 2020. We identified 332 overviews published in 2020, which is equivalent to one overview published per day. Overviews perform above average for the journals in which they publish.
Surfactants in sediment of Itanhaém Estuary, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Cesar‐Ribeiro Caio , Prado Tabata Sarti , Rosa Helena Costi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study investigated surfactant levels in the sediment of Itanhaém Estuary through colorimetric methods with methylene blue active substances (MBAS). Samples were collected with a Van Veen bottom sampler at eight sampling points during autumn, winter, and spring of 2015. The results demonstrate growing detergent deposition in the sediment of the estuary. Surfactant concentration was higher (16.18 μg MBAS g−1) around the sewage treatment plant (STP) than in the estuary in autumn, after the vacation/summer season when the population of the city had increased due to tourism. There was a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in detergent concentration (to 14.94 μg MBAS g−1) in winter, after school vacation, while in spring the surfactants concentration for the STP was high only for the sampling points nearer the ocean. Surfactant concentrations differed significantly among sampling points (p < 0.05), with them being higher at those closer to the STP. Enrichment with high loads from anthropogenic sources associated with urbanization and tourism was responsible for the greater surfactant concentrations in areas near the STP. In conclusion, more efficient treatment of domestic effluent of the city of Itanhaém is needed, as is the control of clandestine discharge into the river since the accumulation of detergents in sediment can have harmful effects on aquatic life.
Staging of human papilloma virus related cancers of the oropharynx
Authors: Valero Cristina , Shah Jatin P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFor the past two decades an increasing number of oropharyngeal cancers have been found to be associated with the human papilloma virus (HPV). These tumors are a biologically distinct entity with better prognosis and excellent response to therapy. Therefore, a separate staging system has been introduced for HPV‐related oropharyngeal tumors in the latest edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC eighth Ed).
Dynamic variability of soil diazotrophs in bulk‐rhizosphere and phenological stages under long‐term mulching in an eroded area in the Loess Plateau
Authors: Hao Jiaqi , Zhang Fu , Liu Zhenyuan , Yu Qi , Yang Gaihe , Ren Guangxin , Han Xinhui , Wang Xiaojiao , Ren Chengjie , Feng Yongzhong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFree‐living diazotrophs play a significant role in the process of soil biological nitrogen fixation. Long‐term field management has a cumulative effect on soil microbial communities. However, after long‐term mulching measures in erosion areas, the stability difference in diazotrophs in bulk‐rhizosphere soil and the temporal dynamic changes remain unclear. In this study, we analysed the dynamic variability of soil diazotrophic community structures using high‐throughput sequencing. The result of Chao1 diversity index showed that mulching effectively increased the richness of soil diazotrophs. Combining the community composition, it was found that the diversity level of the soil diazotrophic community under mulching decreased more drastically along the development stages compared with no‐tillage, and Bradyrhizobium played a major role in nitrogen fixation. In rhizosphere soil, mulching promoted the relative abundances of Azohydromonas, Bradyrhizobium, and Skermanella. Co‐occurrence network analysis indicated that mulching measures strengthened the connection between the dominant components to improve the aggregation of the network. The partial least squares‐path model showed that the richness of diazotrophs in rhizosphere soil had an indirect effect on mulching through the available carbon and nitrogen nutrients of bulk soil, thereby improving the response rate to environmental variables. Overall, our findings showed that under long‐term mulching, the richness and aggregation of dominant components of the soil diazotrophic community increased with the phenological period and distance from roots, revealing the importance of mulching in eroded areas to improve farmland soil nitrogen fixation capacity. This study provides a theoretical reference for microecology to effectively improve soil fertility in similar areas.
Dissecting the Phenotype and Genotype of PLA2G6‐Related Parkinsonism
Authors: Magrinelli Francesca , Mehta Sahil , Di Lazzaro Giulia , Latorre Anna , Edwards Mark J. , Balint Bettina , Basu Purba , Kobylecki Christopher , Groppa Sergiu , Hegde Anaita , Mulroy Eoin , Estevez‐Fraga Carlos , Arora Anshita , Kumar Hrishikesh , Schneider Susanne A. , Lewis Patrick A. , Jaunmuktane Zane , Revesz Tamas , Gandhi Sonia , Wood Nicholas W. , Hardy John A. , Tinazzi Michele , Lal Vivek , Houlden Henry , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundComplex parkinsonism is the commonest phenotype in late‐onset PLA2G6‐associated neurodegeneration.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to deeply characterize phenogenotypically PLA2G6‐related parkinsonism in the largest cohort ever reported.MethodsWe report 14 new cases of PLA2G6‐related parkinsonism and perform a systematic literature review.ResultsPLA2G6‐related parkinsonism shows a fairly distinct phenotype based on 86 cases from 68 pedigrees. Young onset (median age, 23.0 years) with parkinsonism/dystonia, gait/balance, and/or psychiatric/cognitive symptoms were common presenting features. Dystonia occurred in 69.4%, pyramidal signs in 77.2%, myoclonus in 65.2%, and cerebellar signs in 44.6% of cases. Early bladder overactivity was present in 71.9% of cases. Cognitive impairment affected 76.1% of cases and psychiatric features 87.1%, the latter being an isolated presenting feature in 20.1%. Parkinsonism was levodopa responsive but complicated by early, often severe dyskinesias. Five patients benefited from deep brain stimulation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings included cerebral (49.3%) and/or cerebellar (43.2%) atrophy, but mineralization was evident in only 28.1%. Presynaptic dopaminergic terminal imaging was abnormal in all where performed. Fifty‐four PLA2G6 mutations have hitherto been associated with parkinsonism, including four new variants reported in this article. These are mainly nontruncating, which may explain the phenotypic heterogeneity of childhood‐ and late‐onset PLA2G6‐associated neurodegeneration. In five deceased patients, median disease duration was 13.0 years. Brain pathology in three cases showed mixed Lewy and tau pathology.ConclusionsBiallelic PLA2G6 mutations cause early‐onset parkinsonism associated with dystonia, pyramidal and cerebellar signs, myoclonus, and cognitive impairment. Early psychiatric manifestations and bladder overactivity are common. Cerebro/cerebellar atrophy are frequent magnetic resonance imaging features, whereas brain iron deposition is not. Early, severe dyskinesias are a tell‐tale sign. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Activity of daily living in mucopolysaccharidosis IVA patients: Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy
Authors: Chen Hui , Khan Shaukat , Celik Betul , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Ago Yasuhiko , Tomatsu Shunji 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPS IVA, also called Morquio A syndrome) is caused by a deficiency of N‐acetylglucosamine‐6‐sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) and results in skeletal dysplasia symptoms such as short stature and abnormal gait. Treatments include enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but the effects are limited depending on the age of initiation and clinical phenotype. Thus, this study aims to assess the effects of treatments on MPS IVA patients compared to untreated MPS IVA patients and an age‐matched control group.MethodsWe used activity of daily living (ADL) survey with 4 sections: “movement,” “movement with cognition,” “cognition,” and “other MPS symptoms.” Lower scores indicate more assistance required. This study included 161 patients, 270 total surveys, and 70 patients with longitudinal data.ResultsWe describe 134 severe patients and 25 attenuated patients. ERT and HSCT treatment improved only the “other MPS symptoms” section in severe patients. There were no differences between ERT and HSCT severe patient scores. A 19‐year‐old male patient, who had robust physical training, provided a significant increase in “movement” without treatment, suggesting the importance of exercise.ConclusionOverall, this ADL questionnaire has demonstrated validation and reliability in assessing the MPS IVA patients and therapeutic efficacy.
Technical note: A spiral fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging technique for stereotactic radiosurgery treatment planning for trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Srivastava Shiv P. , Karis John P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used in treatment planning for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). With current MRI techniques, the delineation of the trigeminal nerve root entry zone (REZ) may be degraded due to poor contrast and artifacts. The purpose of this work is to develop an MRI technique with better delineation of the trigeminal nerve REZ to improve SRS treatment planning for TN.MethodsA spiral fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI technique was developed to improve image quality by improving tissue contrast, fluid suppression, artifact reduction, and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). A concomitant‐phase compensation method based on spiral gradient waveforms was implemented to minimize artifacts due to magnetic field change induced by the metal frame used in Gamma Knife treatment planning. The image quality of spiral FLAIR was assessed in four healthy volunteers. The geometric accuracy was quantitatively evaluated by registering spiral FLAIR to computed tomography (CT) images and comparing it with existing MRI techniques.ResultsThe spiral FLAIR technique demonstrated better delineation of the trigeminal nerve REZ, improved tissue contrast of the brain stem, and minimized flow artifacts, compared to steady‐state free precession (SSFP) MRI. Spiral FLAIR also improved fluid suppression, SNR, and artifacts, which contributed to better delineation of the trigeminal nerve REZ compared to conventional Cartesian FLAIR. The measured mean (± standard deviation) distance between spiral FLAIR and CT images is 0.98 ± 0.56 mm, comparable to 0.40 ± 0.26 mm in 3T T1 spoiled gradient echo (T1‐SPGR), 0.59 ± 0.25 mm in 3T SSFP, 0.66 ± 0.38 mm in 1.5T T1‐SPGR, and 0.61 ± 0.25 mm in 1.5T Cartesian FLAIR.ConclusionA spiral FLAIR technique with improved image quality and good geometric accuracy provides a potential alternative for treatment planning in SRS for TN patients.
Inferior alveolar canal segmentation based on cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Wei Xueqiong , Wang Yuanjun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeThe shape and position of the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) are analyzed to effectively reduce the risk of iatrogenic injury based on cone‐beam computer tomography (CBCT). To assist dental clinicians to make better use of the IAC information, we propose an IAC segmentation method based on CBCT images.MethodsIn this paper, CBCT images are first preprocessed by the Hounsfield unit values clipping and gray normalization. Secondly, based on the multi‐plane reconstruction (MPR) and curved surface reconstruction, the curved MPR image sets are generated by the smooth dental arch curve with a sampling distance of 1.00 pixels. Then, the K‐means clustering algorithm is used to cluster the texture parameters of the gray level‐gradient co‐occurrence matrix enhanced by the gradient directions to improve the image contrast of the IAC. Finally, the IAC edges are roughly segmented by the 2D line‐tracking method, and smoothed by the fourth‐order polynomial to obtain the final segmentation result.ResultsTwenty‐one real clinical dental CBCT datasets were used to test the proposed method. The manual segmentation results of two specialized dental clinicians were used as quantitative evaluation criteria. The dice similarity index (DSI), average symmetric surface distance (ASSD), and mean curve distance (MCD) of the left IAC are 0.93 (SD = 0.01), 0.16 mm (SD = 0.05 mm), and 1.59 mm (SD = 0.25 mm), respectively; the DSI, ASSD, and MCD of the right IAC are 0.93 (SD = 0.02), 0.16 mm (SD = 0.05 mm), and 1.60 mm (SD = 0.30 mm), respectively.ConclusionsThe proposed method provides an effective image enhancement and segmentation solution to analyze the shape and position of the IAC. Experimental results show that the relationships between the IAC and other structures can be accurately reflected in the panoramic images without superimposition and geometric distortion, and the smooth edges of the IAC can be segmented.
Maternal adaptations to food intake across pregnancy: Central and peripheral mechanisms
Authors: Clarke Georgia S. , Gatford Kathryn L. , Young Richard L. , Grattan David R. , Ladyman Sharon R. , Page Amanda J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA sufficient and balanced maternal diet is critical to meet the nutritional demands of the developing fetus and to facilitate deposition of fat reserves for lactation. Multiple adaptations occur to meet these energy requirements, including reductions in energy expenditure and increases in maternal food intake. The central nervous system plays a vital role in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis and responds to multiple metabolic and nutrient cues, including those arising from the gastrointestinal tract. This review describes the nutrient requirements of pregnancy and the impact of over‐ and undernutrition on the risk of pregnancy complications and adult disease in progeny. The central and peripheral regulation of food intake is then discussed, with particular emphasis on the adaptations that occur during pregnancy and the mechanisms that drive these changes, including the possible role of the pregnancy‐associated hormones progesterone, estrogen, prolactin, and growth hormone. We identify the need for deeper mechanistic understanding of maternal adaptations, in particular, changes in gut–brain axis satiety signaling. Improved understanding of food intake regulation during pregnancy will provide a basis to inform strategies that prevent maternal under‐ or overnutrition, improve fetal health, and reduce the long‐term health and economic burden for mothers and offspring.
Optimal controls for fractional stochastic differential systems driven by Rosenblatt process with impulses
Authors: Dhayal Rajesh , Francisco Gómez‐Aguilar José , Fernández‐Anaya Guillermo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe objective of this article is to consider a new class of fractional stochastic differential systems driven by the Rosenblatt process with impulses. We used fractional calculus, stochastic analysis, and Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem to study the existence of piecewise continuous mild solutions for the proposed system. Further, we discussed the existence of optimal controls for the considered system. Our main results are well supported by an illustrative example.