bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting the Outcome of Frontalis Sling Surgery in Patients with Severe Blepharoptosis
Authors: Al Mansory Amer S. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Several factors play a role in the outcome of severe blepharoptosis correction by frontalis sling surgery, including the age of a patient, sex, causes of ptosis, and its severity, among others. Identifying the factors that most severely affect surgical outcomes could reduce the complication rate and improve patients’ satisfaction.

Methods:
This was a retrospective analytical study using logistic regression statistics to evaluate the effects of the following 6 factors on frontalis sling surgical outcomes: age, sex, cause of ptosis, type of anesthesia used, eye side (right or left), degree of ptosis, and levator function. These factors were compared with 10 types of surgical outcomes. The study included 120 eyelids in 95 patients, of which 70 eyelids were unilateral and 50 eyelids were bilateral. Patient ages ranged between 2 and 75; patient sex distribution was 47.5% females and 52.5% males.

Results:
The study yielded 60 comparison tables. Only statistically significant and clinically relevant data are presented and discussed. Overall, male patients showed better eye symmetry (P < 0.026) and better satisfaction (P < 0.004) than did females. Causes other than the congenital ptosis are characterized by better eye closure during sleep (P = 0), in comparison with congenital ptosis cases.

Conclusion:
The use of silk suture as a sling material is recommended for male patients, as its use produces better results, including eye symmetry and patient satisfaction, with a lower complication rate compared with that in female patients.
Abnormal Cranial Shape Preceding Radiographic Evidence of Craniosynostosis
Authors: Fazzino Josie Z. , Mantilla-Rivas Esperanza , Talbet Joseph H. , Kapoor Elina , Manrique Monica , McGrath Jennifer L. , Magge Suresh N. , Oh Albert K. , Rogers Gary F. 
Published: February 2021

Summary:
Premature fusion of a cranial suture is known to result in characteristic changes in the head shape, even when the synostosis involves only part of the suture. We report an unusual case of a patient seen at the age of 2 months for an abnormal head shape that was present at birth. The phenotype was consistent with an isolated fusion of the frontosphenoidal suture, but the suture was open on a high-resolution computed tomography scan finding. There was no improvement in cranial form after 6 months of helmet therapy, and a follow-up computed tomography scan image taken at age 10 months showed the development of bilateral isolated frontosphenoidal synostosis. This case highlights that an abnormal head shape may, in some patients, predate radiographic evidence of craniosynostosis.
Transitioning Multidisciplinary Craniofacial Care to Telehealth during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Badiee Ryan K. , Willsher Heidi , Rorison Eve , Langham Margaret , Donnelly Andrea , Rosenbluth Glenn , Pomerantz Jason H. 
Published: February 2021

Summary:
Craniofacial clinics are composed of multidisciplinary teams of providers to deliver coordinated and comprehensive patient care. The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted this model, as social distancing guidelines have precluded in-person patient appointments and forced clinics to reconsider their method of care delivery. The University of California, San Francisco, Craniofacial Center has continued to serve patients during this acute period, adopting a hybrid model in which the vast majority of patients are seen through telehealth and a limited number of patients are evaluated in-person. Surveyed patients and families reported high rates of satisfaction, with time savings cited as a particular benefit. Furthermore, most felt comfortable using the video technology required for their appointment. This experience has demonstrated to us that multidisciplinary craniofacial evaluations can be effectively delivered in a telehealth format and has informed our conception of idealized clinic structure. Moving forward, we intend to utilize telehealth visits for selected components of craniofacial evaluations in an effort to maximize efficiency and minimize burden, including addressing barriers to accessing care. Benefits of a hybrid model will include decongestion of clinics and waiting areas, allowing social distancing, addressing clinic space limits, and increased efficiency by eliminating the need for patient and family movement. Demonstration of the safety and efficacy of telehealth visits, combined with regulatory reform that improves reimbursement and allows for appointments across state lines, will be critical for this model to persist beyond the pandemic.
Algorithm for Management of Mandibular Condylar Base Fractures
Authors: Peterson Erin C. , Nguyen Dennis C. , Baughman Ethan J. , Skolnick Gary B. , Chi John J. , Patel Kamlesh B. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Increasing evidence suggests that open reduction and internal fixation of condylar base fractures in adults results in improved outcomes in regard to interincisal opening, jaw movement, pain, and malocclusion. However, most of the condylar fractures are managed by maxillomandibular fixation alone due to the need for specialized training and equipment. Our aim was to present an algorithm for condylar base fractures to simplify surgical management.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed of patients (n = 22) with condylar base fractures treated from 2016 to 2020. Patients who presented with operative fractures that require open treatment underwent 1 of 2 different techniques depending on the fracture type: a preauricular approach with a transoral approach if the condyle was dislocated (n = 2) or a transoral only approach (n = 20) in nondislocated cases. Operative time, occlusion, range of motion, and postoperative complications were assessed.

Results:
Condylar base fractures were combined with other mandibular fractures in 16 of 22 patients. Patients with condylar dislocation were managed with a preauricular approach with a secondary transoral incision (n = 2, median 147 minutes). Those without dislocation were treated with a transoral approach (n = 20, median 159 minutes). Most patients were restored to their preoperative occlusion without long-term complications.

Conclusions:
We present a simplified algorithm for treating condylar base fractures. Our case series suggests that reduction in operative time and clinical success can be achieved with open reduction and internal fixation using a transoral approach alone or in combination with a preauricular approach for dislocated fractures.
Biopsy Results Are Not Sufficient to Exclude Breast Implant–associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A Case Mistaken for Disseminated Silicosis
Authors: Freedman Jonathan , Peredo Andrew , Rosser Julie , Christian Nicole , Kaoutzanis Christodoulos 
Published: February 2021

Summary
We present a case report of breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) that was mistaken as disseminated silicosis after multiple percutaneous biopsies. The correct diagnosis of BIA-ALCL was confirmed only after a pathologic examination of the capsulectomy specimens. A review of the literature of percutaneous biopsies of ALCL showed a diagnostic yield of only 63%. Although percutaneous biopsies may be facile to obtain and may be diagnostic, in our case, biopsies were not sufficient to exclude the diagnosis of BIA-ALCL.
The Public’s Awareness and Willingness to Undergo Plastic Surgery Procedures during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gelidan Adnan G. , Mrad Mohamed A. , Kattan Abdullah E. , Kattan Wid E. , AlEnazi Thamer H. , Bakraa Reem M. , Barry Mazen A. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
In March 2020, the Saudi Ministry of Health implemented mitigation measures to control the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including media campaigns, a nationwide lockdown, and closures of plastic surgery clinics. The aim of this study was to explore the public’s knowledge of COVID-19, their willingness to undergo cosmetic surgery during the pandemic, and the factors influencing their decisions.

Methods:
An internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted. We collected data on demographic information, knowledge about COVID-19, and willingness to undergo cosmetic procedures. Participants also completed the cosmetic procedure screening questionnaire to assess body dysmorphic disorder.

Results:
The sample included a total of 1643 participants (women, n = 1002; 61%). A total of 613 (37.3%) participants were aged between 30 and 40 years. The majority (n = 1472; 89.6%) referred to official government accounts for information regarding COVID-19. Most participants (n = 1451; 88.3%) felt that the pandemic was serious, and 1387 (85%) said they would not leave home to undergo cosmetic procedures during the outbreak. Being women, the presence of body-image concerns, and higher cosmetic procedure screening questionnaire scores were associated with an increased willingness to undergo cosmetic procedures.

Conclusions:
This is the first study to explore the public’s willingness to undergo cosmetic procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. The public was well educated about the pandemic, via government actions. This was reflected in participants who wished to undergo a cosmetic plastic procedure; we identified factors associated with an increased willingness to undergo procedures, which may help design awareness initiatives.
Recommendations to Safeguard Reconstructive Microsurgeons Performing High-risk Operations during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: AL Deek Nidal F. , Wei Fu-Chan 
Published: February 2021

Summary:
An unprecedented number of health care providers have been infected and many have died during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reconstructive microsurgeons from different surgical backgrounds often are involved in the care of known COVID-19 and high-risk patients. The need for a magnification loupe/microscope makes it difficult for them to wear recommended personal protection equipment, increasing the risk of exposure. Although advanced technologies are available, they have not been exploited effectively. To date, no safety guidelines are available for safe reconstructive microsurgical procedures in high-risk operations/known COVID-19 patients—particularly, to address operations risk and COVID-19 status of the patients, who would operate, how many should be involved, how to equip the surgeons for the procedure, when to operate as the procedure unfolds, how to adapt surgical techniques to reduce exposure risk, and can advanced technology be used to minimize exposure. A set of safety recommendations were thus developed based on literature review and firsthand knowledge of safety procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current understanding of COVID-19 virology can optimize surgical team buildup and dynamics. Operating smaller teams (in a sequential style), minimizing the use of aerosols-generating devices, and modifying surgical plan and flap selection could aid in diminishing the risk of exposure and in conserving resources. Modifications in loupes design, and the combined wear of surgical mask and N95 respirators, and efficient use of “buddy system” could aid in protecting surgeons during donning and doffing. “Remote operating” is a novel concept of using a surgical robot to maximize surgeons’ safety during COVID-19 pandemic.
Open Abdomen Negative Pressure Device Applied for Two-stage Closure of Enterocutaneous Fistula
Authors: Fujisawa Kou , Kitatsuji Maki , Yamamoto Yusuke 
Published: February 2021

Summary:
Enterocutaneous fistula (ECF), which is an abnormal connection between the gastrointestinal tract and skin, is a serious complication of abdominal surgery, and a multidisciplinary approach is required for its treatment. Here, we report the case of a 46-year-old woman who had a large ECF measuring 6 × 12 cm that was successfully treated with a 2-stage surgery. After the first surgery of intestinal wall reconstruction, an abdominal negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) device was administered to facilitate the reexploration of the abdominal cavity. On postoperative day 5, intestinal perforation and abdominal cavity infection were found during dressing change and were immediately repaired. Subsequently, after 10 days of abdominal NPWT, the second surgery comprising abdominal wall reconstruction was performed using a pedicled anterolateral thigh flap (8 × 19 cm) combined with the fascia lata (12 × 20 cm). The defective rectus sheath and skin were uneventfully closed with the fascia lata and flap skin paddle, respectively. In the follow-up after 7 months, ECF had not recurred. The abdominal NPWT device enabled easy reentry of the abdominal cavity and reduced the size of the flap needed to cover the defect. Moreover, open abdominal management can be performed consistently, independent of the surgeon’s expertise. Therefore, this report suggests that 2-stage surgery with abdominal NPWT management is a useful strategy for ECF treatment.
Septal curvature as a robust and reproducible marker for basal septal hypertrophy
Authors: Marciniak Maciej , Gilbert Andrew , Loncaric Filip , Fernandes Joao Filipe , Bijnens Bart , Sitges Marta , King Andrew , Crispi Fatima , Lamata Pablo 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Basal septal hypertrophy (BSH) is an asymmetric, localized thickening of the upper interventricular septum and constitutes a marker of an early remodelling in patients with hypertension. This morphological trait has been extensively researched because of its prevalence in hypertension, yet its clinical and prognostic value for individual patients remains undetermined. One of the reasons is the lack of a reliable and reproducible metric to quantify the presence and the extent of BSH. This article proposes the use of the curvature of the left ventricular endocardium as a robust feature for BSH characterization, and as an objective criterion to quantify current subjective ‘visual assessment’ of the presence of sigmoidal septum. The proposed marker, called average septal curvature, is defined as the inverse of the radius adjacent to each point of the endocardial contour along the basal and mid inferoseptal segments of the left ventricle.

Method:
Robustness and reproducibility were assessed on a cohort of 220 patients, including 161 hypertensive patients (32 with BSH) and 59 healthy controls.

Results:
The results show that compared with the conventionally used wall thickness metrics, the new marker is more reproducible (relative standard deviation of errors of 7 vs. 13%, and 8 vs. 38% for intra-observer and inter-observer variability, respectively) and better correlates to the functional parameters related to BSH, with main difference (absolute rank correlation 0.417 vs. 0.341) in local deformation changes assessed by longitudinal strain.

Conclusion:
Average septal curvature is a more precisely defined and reproducible metric than thickness ratios, it can be fully automated, and better infers the functional remodelling related to hypertension.
Modified Contact Lens Sandwich Technique of Glue for Management of Medium to Large Corneal Perforations in the COVID Era
Authors: Bafna Rahul K. , Lata Suman , Asif Mohamed I. , Kalra Nidhi , Agarwal Rinky , Sharma Namrata 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
The aim of this article is to describe a novel technique of gluing as an interim measure to provide tectonic support in cases of medium-sized to large-sized (3–6 mm) corneal perforations. Five eyes of five patients in which conventional cyanoacrylate glue application was not feasible, and therapeutic keratoplasty could not be performed in view of the unavailability of corneal tissues were included. Surgery to maintain integrity of the globe was performed, and a therapeutic keratoplasty was performed on tissue availability (mean interval of 7.4 days). On follow-up, all patients had a well-formed anterior chamber, and none of them had progression. The contact lens sandwich technique of glue was a feasible, reproducible, and economical technique during times of tissue unavailability such as the present COVID pandemic, in patients with medium to large perforated corneal ulcers.
Companies That Promote a Culture of Health, Safety, and Wellbeing Outperform in the Marketplace
Authors: Fabius Raymond , Phares Sharon 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
The objective of this research is to test the hypothesis that companies distinguished by their commitment to their workforce's health, safety, and well-being outperform in the marketplace.

Methods:
To test this, we analyzed the real-world stock market performance of an investment fund of publicly traded companies selected on evidence demonstrating their pursuit of a culture of health, safety, and well-being.

Results:
This fund outperformed the market by 2% per year, with a weighted return on equity of 264% compared with the S&P 500 return of 243% over a 10-year period.

Conclusions:
Employers, fund managers, and fund investors would be well served by including strategies that assess a company's commitment to the health, safety, and well-being of their workforce when evaluating investments in their enterprise and portfolios.
Profiles of US Law Enforcement Officers’ Diagnosed Health Conditions
Authors: Mumford Elizabeth A. , Liu Weiwei , Taylor Bruce G. , Ramey Sandra 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
To assess comorbidity across five common health conditions.

Methods:
Surveys were collected from a probability-based sample of US law enforcement officers, and latent class models estimated for hypertension (HTN), high blood cholesterol (LDL), diabetes (DM), a gastrointestinal disorder (GI), and sleep apnea (SA).

Results:
The majority of officers (69.4%) were classified in a Healthy profile. One in four officers (23.7%) were classified in a LDL-HTN-DM profile. About 7% of officers were classified in a GI-SA-HTN profile. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), exercise, and working a rotating shift assignment distinguished class membership.

Conclusion:
Most officers reported good health. Law enforcement administrative or clinical assessments using readily accessible measures might be informative in identifying risk categories of need for more targeted prevention and treatment support.
The perils of not knowing the history of the nurse practitioner role
Authors: Berg Judith A. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Historians tell us there are perils to not knowing history and that studying history allows us to understand our past as well as our present. The how and why of our nurse practitioner (NP) role today lies in our history. The NP role was created in the 1960s by Dr. Loretta Ford and Dr. Henry Silver in Colorado out of need to increase patients' access to pediatric care. Today, Dr. Ford believes NPs providing high-quality primary care can solve what ails the country: access to care. To better understand how the NP role developed, what pushback was met from health care professionals and patients that hindered practice and how this was resolved, how NP practice has changed, and pearls of wisdom for contemporary NPs were questions asked of six pioneer NPs (female, n = 5; male, n = 1). Their collated responses illuminate myriad ways the role was established and how each one overcame restrictions and barriers to practice. These pioneer NP participants highlighted ways NP practice has changed since those early days. They imparted a variety of pearls of wisdom that can guide contemporary NPs to address scope of practice barriers and overcome patient's and other health professionals' objections to NP practice. Loretta Ford cautions us to remember the most important word in NP is “Nurse” and we need to be mindful of our professional roots. Many of these pioneer respondents noted the importance of collective voices when dealing with professional and practice issues; they urge all NPs to join and be active in professional organizations that are invested in promoting and protecting the NP role.
Business documents of the advanced practice registered nurse: Curriculum vitae, resume, and biosketches
Authors: Hicks Rodney W. , Berg Judith A. , Roberts Mary Ellen E. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Advanced practice nurses (APNs) now have great opportunities to serve in leadership positions for organizations, institutions of higher education, community and public agencies, and more. The need exists for APNs to have a full set of professional business documents readily available. Such common documents would extend beyond the professional business card and professional photograph to include the curriculum vitae, the resume, and the National Institutes of Health Biographical Sketch (biosketch) and a professional biosketch. Advanced practice nurses should understand the differences between the documents as each document helps to share the professional identity.
Relative value units in health care: Friend, foe, or necessary evil?
Authors: Sheppard Kate G. , Duncan Cameron G. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this article is to describe this use of relative value units (RVUs) among nurse practitioners (NP), including the challenges NPs may experience. Relative value units were developed as a means to determine reimbursement for health care based on time spent with the patient and skills required to complete the interaction, while addressing any disparities of reimbursement based on geography or insurance. Increasingly, providers such as NPs are being evaluated based in large part on how many RVUs they generate, which seems to prioritize productivity and may overlook many nonbillable aspects of the NP role such as emotional support or patient education. Nurse practitioners working in settings that require more invasive procedures may seem to be more productive on paper, regardless of the number of patients seen. Relative value units may not adequately reflect the skill and time taken to care for patients with chronic illness. Gender differences have been noted, both in terms of the number of RVUs generated for care of male or female patients, and those generated by male or female providers. If NPs are evaluated primarily based on productivity as measured by RVUs, we must consider how this might minimize or even invalidate the therapeutic relationship and holistic approach to patient care. Relative value units may negatively affect the willingness of NPs to serve as preceptors. Finally, as NPs experience less face-to-face time with patients and more demands for productivity, there may be a loss of quality care and professional integrity, which raises the risk of burnout among NPs.