bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical implementation of the German Genetic Diagnostics Act (GenDG) in Laboratory Medicine, the Human Genetics Laboratory and Genetic Counselling1)
Authors: Orth Matthias , Rost Imma , Hoffmann Georg F. , Klein Hanns-Georg 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The German Genetic Diagnostics Act (GenDG) in its current version, effective since February 2010, has far-reaching consequences for all physicians and also for many patients. After more than 1 year of experience working with the GenDG, much of the previous criticism has proved to be inadequate. From the beginning, experts complained that besides the direct analysis of germline DNA, gene products should not be included in the scope of the act – potentially having a very broad impact on the entire in vitro diagnostics field. Problems with applying the act range from the impossibility of distinguishing between genetic and non-genetic examinations to enormous bureaucratic hurdles, which in some areas interfere with an efficient, state-of-the-art patient care (i.e., newborn screening, treatment with blood products). The rapid progress in technology, which is currently revolutionizing genetic diagnostics worldwide, has been set with narrow boundaries by the German GenDG, while at the same time “personalised medicine”, applying exactly the same technologies, is being funded by government research grants. From the viewpoints of the concerned physicians and patients, there is an urgent need to amend the act itself, and efficient action should be taken by the committee on genetic diagnostics (GEKO), which was appointed to define guidelines for the practical use of the GenDG.
Mendelssohn, Kant, and Religious Liberty
Authors: Guyer Paul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
Both Mendelssohn and Kant were strong supporters of the separation between church and state, but their arguments differed. Mendelssohn joined many others in following Locke in arguing that only freely arrived at conviction could be pleasing to God, so the state could not serve the purpose of religion in attempting to enforce it: a religious premise for religious liberty. Kant argued for religious liberty as an immediate consequence of the innate right to freedom. I suggest that Kant’s straightforward argument is worth recalling in the present attack on the separation of church and state in the US and elsewhere.
Double-barrier first-passage times of
jump-diffusion processes
Authors: Fernández Lexuri , Hieber Peter , Scherer Matthias 
Published: February 2021

Abstract.
Required in a wide range of applications in, e.g., finance, engineering, and physics, first-passage time problems have attracted considerable interest over the past decades. Since analytical solutions often do not exist, one strand of research focuses on fast and accurate numerical techniques. In this paper, we present an efficient and unbiased Monte-Carlo simulation to obtain double-barrier first-passage time probabilities of a jump-diffusion process with arbitrary jump size distribution; extending single-barrier results by [Journal of Derivatives 10 (2002), 43–54]. In mathematical finance, the double-barrier first-passage time is required to price exotic derivatives, for example corridor bonus certificates, (step) double barrier options, or digital first-touch options, that depend on whether or not the underlying asset price exceeds certain threshold levels. Furthermore, it is relevant in structural credit risk models if one considers two exit events, e.g., default and early repayment.
Die frühe Sultanatsarchitektur in Nordindien im 12.–14. Jahrhundert als herrschaftspolitisches, identitätsstiftendes Ausdrucksmittel im Spannungsfeld wechselnder Legitimierungsstrategien
Authors: Redlinger Daniel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The following paper discusses how the experience and perception of contingency and strategies to cope with it are evident in the architecture of the Muslim ruling class during the early Delhi Sultanate (1190–1320). The discussed building is the most important Friday Mosque in this context, a quasi-visualized symbol of the thematic concept of rulership for the new Muslim political elite. This ruling class established itself in Northern India in the late 12th century within a multi-ethnic, multi-religious and socially heterogeneous society, in which extremely different forms of communication, social hierarchies, worldviews, religious concepts, social norms and perceptions of historical images and experiences met. From the 13th century onwards, the countless immigrants and refugees from Persian-speaking areas had a remarkable influence on the local culture which was already multifaceted due to the various indigenous Northern Indian conceptions of life, faith and perception. Examining the architecture of the mosque as well as its decoration and systems of inscriptions, it will be shown how these almost text-like visual systems where adapted and used by different rulers as part of their diverging strategies of legitimization of their rule and how they created visualized reference systems to promote a coherent, specific historical narrative and a visual experience and language of a meaningful collective past to which all social and religious groups in Northern India could relate.
Herrschaftslegitimation im Diskurs
Authors: Hartmann Florian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the course of the 11th century, the economic and demographic growth within the Italian cities and its consequential social problems led to an increasing tension between the aristocratic vassal milieu comprising the bishop on one side and the urban elites on the other. Amongst others, one consequence was the takeover of domination by communal institutions resulting in an independent political participation of the citizens. However, these new communes suffered from a lack of legitimacy. The contemporaries were well aware of the contingency of the communes. The communal discourse as taught in the rhetoric system of the ars dictaminis reveals how domination was conceptualized in the 12th century.
Das Ereignis von Edirne (1703)
Authors: Şen Gül 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The 1703 rebellion, known as the ‚Event of Edirne‘ or as the ‚Event of Feyżullāh Efendi‘, challenged the Ottoman state. It resulted in the killing of the Grand Mufti Feyżullāh Efendi (1639–1703), who had been despised by various insurgent groups at the court for his nepotism, the deposition of the ruling sultan Muṣṭafā II, and the ascension of his brother Aḥmed III to the throne. In his treatise ‚Feyżullāh Efendi Vaḳʿası‘, the court chronicler Muṣṭafā Naʿīmā Efendi (1655–1716) addresses the ruler and important dignitaries with his description of this event. As it was the contemporary custom, the treatise bears strong didactic features. Naʿīmā relied on astrological interpretations in order to explain the cause of the rebellion. This kind of narrative is a particular feature of Naʿīmā‘s modus operandi, on which this article will focus. It examines how Naʿīmā, in his role as the official historiographer, applies this explanation by use of narrative elements, and goes on to examine the institutional significance of astrology in the context of Ottoman court culture. It is obvious that Naʿīmā perceived the rebellion as an experience of contingency. According to his analysis, however, the 1703 rebellion was not the inevitable outcome of mismanagement at court, but could rather have been foreseen years ago by means of astrological calculations. Based on this reasoning, the historiographer was able to provide Ottoman rule with the required continuity, i.e. its legitimization.
Gegen die göttliche Vorsehung
Authors: Dohmen Linda 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Frankish Emperor Louis (later called the Pious), only surviving son of Charlemagne, always made it clear that he understood his rule over the Franks as derived directly from God. In 833, however, Louis had to face the second rebellion within three years, and this time, while preparing battle against his three sons, he was deserted by his army on the so-called Field of Lies near Colmar in Alsace and thus was informally deposed. Among those who played an active part in the events in Colmar and later in Compiègne, where Louis was forced to accede to a public penance, was Archbishop Agobard of Lyon. His ‘Libri apologetici’, written in the summer and autumn of 833, bear powerful witness to the difficulties that contemporaries experienced when trying to legitimate the rebellion against a ruler believed to be installed by God.
„Keine Herrschaft dem Lasterhaften!“
Authors: Gharaibeh Mohammad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The period between after the death of an-Nāṣir Muḥammad b. Qalāwūn in 1341 and the rise of the first Circassian Sultan in 1382 was characterized by the emirs’ struggle for domination in the Mamluk Empire. This led to a rapid succession of twelve puppet sultans, each of which was installed only to be removed shortly after his enthronement and to be replaced by another one. This paper investigates the narrative strategies to deal with these circumstances in the chronicle of the historian Ibn Kaṯīr ‘al-Bidāya wa-n-nihāya‘. In his account on the remarkable succession of sultans, he explains their political failure as a result of their immoral way of life. The paper will hence show how Ibn Kaṯīr uses a religious narrative to overcome the contingency of the unstable political period.
Method of upper and lower solutions for coupled system of nonlinear fractional integro-differential equations with advanced arguments
Authors: Khodabakhshi Neda , Vaezpour S. Mansour , Trujillo J. Juan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, by means of upper and lower solutions, we develop monotone iterative method for the existence of extremal solutions for coupled system of nonlinear fractional integro-differential equations with advanced arguments. We illustrate this technique with the help of an example.
Commuting pairs of self-adjoint elements in C
*-algebras
Authors: Hatori Osamu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We give a condition on commutativity of a pair of self-adjoint elements in a C
*-algebra with respect to the continuous functional calculus. We also give an answer to the question raised by Jeang and Ko that if a non-constant continuous function totally spans the given C
*-algebra.
Strong convergence properties for arrays of rowwise negatively orthant dependent random variables
Authors: Shen Aiting , Zhang Yu , Volodin Andrei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Let {Xni
, i ≥ 1, n ≥1} be an array of rowwise negatively orthant dependent random variables which is stochastically dominated by a random variable X. Wang et al. [15. Complete convergence for arrays of rowwise negatively orthant dependent random variables, RACSAM, 106 (2012), 235–245] studied the complete convergence for arrays of rowwise negatively orthant dependent random variables under the condition that X has an exponential moment, which seems too strong. We will further study the complete convergence for arrays of rowwise negatively orthant dependent random variables under the condition that X has a moment, which is weaker than exponential moment. Our results improve the corresponding ones of Wang et al. [15].
Manipulating the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) activity and plasmon-driven catalytic efficiency by the control of Ag NP/graphene layers under optical excitation
Authors: Xiu Xianwu , Hou Liping , Yu Jing , Jiang Shouzhen , Li Chonghui , Zhao Xiaofei , Peng Qianqian , Qiu Si , Zhang Chao , Man Baoyuan , Li Zhen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Highly efficient plasmon-driven catalysis and excellent surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) performance are proportional to the square of the local electromagnetic field (hot spot). However, a proven way to realize the enhancement in intensity and density of “hot spot” still needs to be investigated. Here, we report on multilayered Ag nanoparticle (Ag NP)/graphene coupled to an underlying Cu film system (MAgNP-CuF) which can be used as an effective SERS substrates realizing ultra-sensitive detection for toxic molecules and in situ monitoring the plasmon-driven reaction for p-nitrothiophenol (PNTP) to p,p′-dimercaptobenzene (DMAB) conversion. The mechanism of ultra-sensitive SERS response and catalytic reaction is investigated via Ag NP/graphene layer-dependent experiments combined with theoretical simulations. The research found that the intensity and density of “hot spot” can be effectively manipulated by the number of plasmonic layers, and the bottom Cu film could also reflect the scattered and excitation beam and would further enhance the Raman signals. Moreover, the MAgNP-CuF exhibits outstanding performance in stability and reproducibility. We believe that this concept of multilayered plasmonic structures would be widely used not only in the field of SERS but also in the wider research in photocatalysis.
Der letzte (Pan)Theismusstreit oder: Die nicht verwirklichte Versöhnung
Authors: Zolotukhin Vsevolod V. 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der letzten Auseinandersetzung um Theismus und Pantheismus, die in den 1870er Jahren zwischen Immanuel Hermann Fichte und Eduard von Hartmann stattfand. Diese Kontroverse, die die beiden Denker in ihren programmatischen Werken geführt haben, führt unmittelbar die Auseinandersetzungen Jacobis mit den deutschen Idealisten fort. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass es zwischen den zwei unterschiedlichen weltanschaulichen Doktrinen weit mehr Gemeinsamkeiten gibt, als weithin angenommen wird. Die Hauptschwierigkeit aber, die die theoretische Vermittlung und Versöhnung unmöglich macht, ist die unterschiedliche Beurteilung der Tragweite des menschlichen Erkenntnisvermögens.
Bodies, Masks and Biopolitics: Clothing as “Second Skin” and Skin as “First Clothing” in “The Tiger’s Bride”
Authors: Battisti Chiara 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This essay aims at analysing the contemporary revision of the fairy tale Beauty and the Beast re-told by Angela Carter in “The Tiger’s Bride.” In my critical approach I will intertwine two distinct theoretical strands: one focused on the concept of ‘skin’ and its role as idiom of personhood and identity and the other focused on the notion of the dressed/undressed body, its political power and the manner in which clothing acts as a form of embodiment. I will be focusing on the idea of both body/skin and the dressed body as telling traces of the cultural negotiations of identity and difference by analysing the transformation of Beauty into an animal and the figure of The Beast, as a strange being in a dimension between human and animal. It is precisely the movement of these bodies- naked, clothed and masked- in a liminal zone, an area of exclusion, that makes them the powerful destroyers of the rules of normalcy and allows them to deconstruct the normative perspectives of biopolitics, defined by Michel Foucault as the extension of state control over both the physical and political bodies of a population.
Augmented Bodies: Functional and Rhetorical Uses of Augmented Reality in Fashion
Authors: Logaldo Mara 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Augmented Reality (AR) is increasingly changing our perception of the world. The spreading of Quick Response (QR), Radio Frequency (RFID) and AR tags has provided ways to enrich physical items with digital information. By a process of alignment the codes can be read by the cameras contained in handheld devices or special equipment and add computer-generated contents – including 3-D imagery – to real objects in real time. As a result, we feel we belong to a multi-layered dimension, to a mixed environment where the real and the virtual partly overlap. Fashion has been among the most responsive domains to this new technology. Applications of AR in the field have already been numerous and diverse: from Magic Mirrors in department stores to 3-D features in fashion magazines; from augmented fashion shows, where models are covered with tags or transformed into walking holograms, to advertisements consisting exclusively of more or less magnified QR codes. Bodies are thus at the same time augmented and encrypted, offered to the eye of the digital camera to be transfigured and turned into a secret language which, among other functions, can also have that of becoming a powerful tool to bypass censorship.
On the syntax of ergativity ın Kurdish
Authors: Karimi Yadgar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper is an attempt to develop an analysis of ergativity syntax, focusing on the past transitive structures in Kurdish where ergativity manifests itself. Adducing evidence from a diverse array of structures that share formal characteristics with the past transitive structure in Kurdish, I will argue that ergativity emerges in transitive structures where (a) the transitive verb, subcategorizing for a complement DP, is defective in terms of accusative case assignment (i.e. unaccusative) and (b) the external argument, i.e. the subject DP, is licensed as the specifier of a high applicative head that takes vP as its complement. Thus analyzed, ergativity is construed as a natural computational corollary deriving from the interaction of independently motivated operations of the narrow syntax.
Planned Fiscal Consolidations and Growth Forecast Errors – New Panel Evidence on Fiscal Multipliers
Authors: Belke Ansgar , Kronen Dominik , Osowski Thomas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper analyzes the effect of planned fiscal consolidation on GDP growth forecast errors from the years 2010-2013 using cross section analyses and fixed effects estimations. Our main findings are that fiscal multipliers have been underestimated in most instances for the year 2011 while we find little to no evidence for the years 2010 and especially the latter years 2012/13. Since the underestimation of fiscal multipliers seems to have decreased over time, it may indicate learning effects of forecasters. However, the implications for fiscal policy should be considered with caution as a false forecast of fiscal multipliers does not confirm that austerity is the wrong fiscal approach but only suggests a too optimistic assessment of fiscal multipliers for the year 2011.
Causal relationships between inflation and inflation uncertainty
Authors: Barnett William A. , Jawadi Fredj , Ftiti Zied 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Since the publication of Friedman’s (1977) Nobel lecture, the relationships between the mean function of the inflation stochastic process and its uncertainty, and between inflation uncertainty (IU) and real output growth have been the subject of much research, with some studies justifying this causality and some reaching the opposite conclusion or finding an inverse correlation between mean inflation and inflation volatility with causation in either direction. We conduct a systematic econometric study of the relationships between the first two moments of the inflation stochastic process and between IU and output growth using state-of-the-art approaches and proposes a time-varying inflation uncertainty measure based on stochastic volatility to consider unpredictable shocks. Further, we extend the literature by providing a new econometric specification of this relationship using two semi-parametric approaches: the frequency evolutionary co-spectral approach and continuous wavelet methodology. We theoretically justify their use through an extension of Ball’s (1992) model. These frequency approaches have two advantages: they provide the analyses for different frequency horizons and do not impose restriction on the data. While the literature focused on the US data, our study explores these relationships for five major developed and emerging countries/regions (the US, the UK, the euro area, South Africa, and China) over the past five decades to investigate the robustness of our inferences and sources of inconsistencies among prior studies. This selection of countries permits investigation of the inflation versus inflation uncertainty relationship under different hypotheses, including explicit versus implicit inflation targets, conventional versus unconventional monetary policy, independent versus dependent central banks, and calm versus crisis periods. Our findings show a significant relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty, which varies over time and frequency, and offer an improved comprehension of this ambiguous relationship. The relationship is positive in the short and medium terms during stable periods, confirming the Friedman–Ball theory, and negative during crisis periods. Additionally, our analysis identifies the phases of leading and lagging inflation uncertainty. Our general approach nests within it the earlier approaches, permitting explanation of the prior appearances of ambiguity in the relationship and identifies the conditions associated with the various outcomes.
Les deux discours glottopolitiques issus de la Révolution Française: La période 1790–1794 et le Rapport Giordan (1982)
Authors: Marcellesi Jean-Baptiste 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Wenn die Sprachpolitik in der Französischen Revolution eindeutig die sprachliche Vereinheitlichung Frankreichs beabsichtigt, so ist die Charakterisierung der Jahre 1790-94 mit „terreur linguistique“ übertrieben, weil im Prinzip eine „sanfte“ Sprachpolitik betrieben wird. Die Analyse des Begriffsfeldes „Sprache“ in den Texten der Revolution zeigt, daß die ideologische Begründung für die Zurückdrängung aller Sprachen und Varietäten, die nicht französischer Standard waren, mit ihrer Qualifizierung als „Nichtsprache“ erfolgt. Der Vergleich mit dem „Rapport Giordan“ von 1982 demonstriert, daß an der Schwelle des 200. Jahrestages eine Neubewertung dieser Sprachen im Gange ist.
La Révolution comme retour à la tradition – stratégies discursives des libéraux dans les Cortès de Cadix, 1810–1813
Authors: Brumme Jenny 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Diskurs der spanischen Liberalen konstituierte sich im wesentlichen in den politischen Auseinandersetzungen in den Cortes (1810-1813) und der Presse von Cadiz und wurde von Themen getragen, die bereits die Aufklärung und Französische Revolution beherrschten. Dabei entwickelten die Liberalen zwei grundlegende Diskursstrategien. Einerseits übernahmen sie die Sprache der Revolution (z. B. „Libertad“). Andererseits suchten sie sich gegen den französischen Sprachgebrauch und damit den ihrer Feinde im Unabhängigkeitskrieg (1808-1814) abzugrenzen (z. B. Ablehnung von „revolución“) und orientierten sich an mittelalterlichen Traditionen, die ihnen auch Bezeichnungen für neue Institutionen und Errungenschaften lieferten (z. B. „Cortes“).