bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fusion Energy: On the track of a different philosophy and solution
Authors: Ferro Joao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
When two (or more) nuclei fuse, to form a heavier element, energy is released. The mechanism is known, at least to some degree. And the actual technological development on the subject has been introducing applications in many areas. Even so, there are some challenges before we can be able to provide energy by an appropriated fusion process: high needs of power, plasma confinement issues, heavy equipment, etc. The present idea intends to show a different view. The author calls in a broad sense, Conceptual Thesis, and it has the Natural Language as principal tool. The author either explicitly or implicitly discusses the space-time fabric, double-slit experiment, and other concepts like non-duality. A nano-apparatus draft with the purpose to be in the scope of a near future research, closes the picture.
Establishment of Bp-ann Based Risk Assessment Model for Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis in Critically Ill Patients : Mullti-centre, Prospective, Descriptive Correlational Study
Authors: Chen Ying , Wang SuMei , Di Jie , Qin Xian , Guan Chun , Qu Yan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to establish a risk assessment model for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in critically ill patients and compared with Caprini, Padua and Wells risk assessment model to evaluate its efficacy. Methods We conducted a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies. The outcomes of interest were lower extremity deep vein thrombosis group and Non-lower extremity deep vein thrombosis group were determined by univariate analysis, and SPSS was used to establish the back propagation artificial neural network prediction model. ROC curve was used to evaluate the predictive effectiveness of the model. Medcalc15.2 was used to compare the predictive capabilities of different models. Results 600 cases of intensive care unit patients were selected in this study. The prevalence of lower extremity venous thromboembolism after ICU admission was 12.5%. The results of univariate analysis that showed 16 statistically significant difference influencing factors. The ROC curve area of BP-ANN risk assessment model was 0.828, showing good predictive efficacy. In addition to the ROC curve area of BP-ANN risk assessment model was higher than Caprini, Padua and Wells model. Conclusion BP-ANN risk assessment model can play an auxiliary role in predicting the occurrence of lower extremity venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients. This model can provide a reference for medical staff to take preventive management measures.
Metamaterial Microwave Absorber (MMA)) for Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)) Shielding in X-band
Authors: Mishra Rakesh , Gupta Ravi , Datar Suwarna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present paper is aimed at investigating application of planar Metamaterial (MM) structures for effective EMI Shielding and Stealth applications in X-Band. Various MM structures using FR4 substrate and Copper conductors were conceived and designed followed by simulations carried out using CST MWS Suite software. As a first step, the de- signs were aimed at achieving extremely high absorption for normal incidence, polarisation independence and maintaining high absorption in wide angle performance while keeping the requirement of light weight, flexibility and environmental ruggedness in mind for deployability on platforms to achieve effective stealth against Radars and for other EMI shielding applications. Circularly symmetric, single layer Metamaterial Microwave Absorber (MMA) design over thin FR4 substrate in spokes and wheel structural arrangement provided these desired features. The thin FR4 substrate of 0.6 mm provides the light weight and flexibility while absorbing the EM waves. Rotational symmetry of the spoke and cut-wheel design gives it polarisation independence and 4 ring planar array concept with rings scaled to different sizes in the same plane in the unit cell provided the increase in bandwidth. Reduction in received signal level of the echo is depicted by the S-Parameter at the input port. Getting values of this S-Parameter less than -60dB at resonant frequency for MMAs is highly encouraging and is not reported much in literature. Enhancement of nearly 3-8 times in operating bandwidth was achieved by changing size of rings in each quadrant in the co-planar array having four resonant rings in each unit cell.
Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) for Documenting Changes through Treatment of Joseon Dynasty Coins
Authors: Min Jihyun , Jeong Sanghoon , Park Kangwoo , Choi Yeonghwan , Lee Daewon , Ahn Jaehong , Har Donghwan , Ahn Sangdoo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper we present RTI as a documentation tool for visualizing and recording the treatment of coins. RTI, a computational photograph technique based on raking light images, allows interactive re-lighting for vision. Virtual light enhances surface details to examine morphological difference. Stages of conservation treatment were recorded to enhance characteristic features of the relief upon the coin surface and detect and identify weathered characters. Patina removal and consolidation were documented along with the original state. A significant difference in normal and surface texture was observed using RTI viewer and filters. Specular enhancement and normal visualization results were effective for detecting the change of morphology and reflectivity. Characters submersed by thick patina were revealed in Coin 3. Two hidden characters were detected as ‘元’ and ‘訓’. Another illegible character which was previously not regarded as an inscription was discovered. Also, verification of each treatment stage was done to examine whether any foreign material was sufficiently removed. These documentation images indicate that RTI is a promising tool to support manual recording and furthermore allow detection of areas difficult to visualize through the human eye.
Privacy-preserving Scheme using Secure Group Communication for M-healthcare Information Systems
Authors: Daghighi Babak , Raee Vahid Maleki , Kiah Miss Laiha Mat , Tahaei Hamid 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The expeditious growth of the wearable and implantable body sensors and wireless communication technologies have provided both inspiration and motivation for increasingly development of m-healthcare information systems as a promising next generation e-health system. In m-healthcare systems, the authorized mobile patients with the same disease symptoms can constitute a social group to share their health condition and medical experience. The privacy of social communication transferred over open wireless channels is an essential system requirement. Furthermore, the m-healthcare system on contrary to the traditional e-Health system allows mobile patients to move across distinguished location domains during different time periods. The mobility of patients considerably increases the cost of key management in terms of communication overhead if it is addressed with a naïve solution such as treating as a leave in the old location and a new join in the visited location. This paper proposes a privacy-preserving scheme, which maintains the secrecy of patients’ personal health information using secure group communication in m-healthcare information systems while supporting mobility of patients. The scheme is highly scalable, and treats patients’ mobility with the minimum rekeying cost, as such efficiently preserve secrecy of communication between patients associated with a social group. The security properties of the proposed scheme as well as its performance based on simulation experiments are evaluated. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing solution in terms of communication overhead.
How Acculturation Influences Attitudes About Advance Care Planning and End-of-life Care Among Chinese Living in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Australia
Authors: Chiang Fu-Ming , Hsieh Jyhgang , Wang Ying-Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background ：
Understanding attitudes towards life and death issues in different cultures is critical in end-of-life care and the uptake of advance care planning (ACP) in different countries. However, existing research suffers from a lack of cross-cultural comparisons among countries. By conducting this comparative study, we hope to achieve a clear understanding of the linkages and differences among healthcare cultures in different Chinese societies, which may serve as a reference for promoting ACP by considering cultural differences.

Methods ：
Our researchers recruited Chinese adults who could communicate in Mandarin and lived in metropolitan areas in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Australia. Focus group interviews were conducted, and the interview contents were recorded and subjected to thematic analysis.

Results ：
Between June and July 2017, 14 focus groups with 111 participants were conducted in four regions. With traditional Chinese attitudes towards death as a taboo, many participants felt it would be challenging to discuss ACP with elderly family members. Most participants also desire to avoid suffering for the self and family members. Although the four regions' participants shared a similar Chinese cultural context, significant regional differences were found in the occasions at which participants would engage in end-of-life discussions and select settings for end-of-life care. By contrast, participants from Singapore and Australia exhibited more open attitudes. Most participants from Taiwan and Hong Kong showed a preference for end-of-life care at a hospital.

Conclusions ：
The developmental experiences of ACP in Western countries, which place a strong emphasis on individual autonomy, cannot be directly applied to family-centric Asian ones. Healthcare professionals in Asian societies should make continuous efforts to communicate patient status to patients and their family members to ensure family involvement in decision-making processes.
Visualization of Cells at the Solid-microbe Interface Using Confocal Reflection Microscopy With Index-matching Materials
Authors: Okano Chigusa , Hirayama Tomohiro , Nomura Nobuhiko , Yawata Yutaka 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Herein, we demonstrated that the use of index-matching materials (IMM) allows direct visualization of microbial cells maintained at a solid-liquid interface through confocal reflection microscopy (CRM). The RI mismatch induces a background reflection at the solid-liquid interface, which dwarfs the reflection signals from the cells and results in low-contrast images. We found that the IMM sufficiently suppressed the background reflection at the solid-liquid interface, facilitating the imaging of microbes at the solid surface using CRM. Further, we succeeded in temporal imaging of initial biofilms directly colonizing the IMM with CRM in a tag free fashion, and thus, it is highly advantageous for probing the dynamics of biofilm formation, along with visualization of environmental organisms and newly isolated bacteria, for which transformation methods are difficult to establish.
Comparison of rotation forest based intelligence models for landslide susceptibility modeling
Authors: Zhao Xia , Chen Wei , Li Tao , Huang Faming , Peng Chaohong , Shahabi Himan , Bian Huiyuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The precision of landslide susceptibility assessment has always been the focus of landslide spatial prediction research. It can be considered as the possibility of landslide disaster under the action of human activities or natural factors, or both of them. For the further exploration of the mechanism of this process, Muchuan County was proposed as the study area, and four well-known machine learning models, namely rotation forest (RF), J48 decision tree (J48), alternating decision tree (ADTree) and random forest (RaF), and their ensembles (RF-J48, RF-ADTree and RF-RaF) were introduced to explore the mechanism. These models are established by twelve landslide conditioning factors, which are selected based to the local special geological environment conditions and previous related researches, including plan curvature, profile curvature, slope angle, slope aspect, elevation, topographic wetness index (TWI), land use, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil, lithology, distance to roads, and distance to rivers, as well as training (195 landslides) and validation (84 landslides) datasets were developed. The landslide prediction performance of the above conditioning factors was analyzed through the correlation attribute evaluation (CAE) model. Then, through the landslide susceptibility maps made by the above six different models, the Jenks natural breaks method is used to divide the landslide susceptibility into five grades, which are very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. In addition, the accuracy of the above six landslide susceptibility maps was verified by implementing the relative operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the area under the ROC (AUC). That is, the capabilities of the above six models are compared and verified in the landslide spatial prediction. Finally, the obtained results show that elevation, lithology and TWI are the three most principal landslide conditioning factors in this research. The RF-RaF and RaF models in the training dataset performed best, with the AUC value of 0.75, while the RF-ADTree model (0.74), RF-J48 model (0.74), ADTree model (0.71) and J48 model (0.70) performed poorly. Meanwhile, similar results also emerge from the validation dataset, in which the RF-RaF model acquired the best performance (0.82) and the rest are the RF-ADTree model (0.80), RaF model (0.79), RF-J48 model (0.77), ADTree model (0.76) and J48 model (0.71). Last but by no means the least, the results can provide scientific references for local natural resources departments.
First and Second Morning Spot Urine Protein Measurements for the Assessment of Proteinuria: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Mrevlje Maja , Oblak Manca , Mlinšek Gregor , Buturović-Ponikvar Jadranka , Lindič Jelka , Arnol Miha 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background. Quantification of proteinuria in kidney transplant recipients is important for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Apart from correlation tests, there have been few evaluations of spot urine protein measurements in kidney transplantation.Methods. In this cross-sectional study involving 151 transplanted patients, we investigated measures of agreement (bias and accuracy) between the estimated protein excretion rate (ePER), determined from the protein-to-creatinine ratio in the first and second morning urine, and 24-hour proteinuria and studied their performance at different levels of proteinuria. Measures of agreement were reanalyzed in relation to allograft histology in 76 patients with kidney biopsies performed for cause before enrolment in the study.Results. For ePER in the first morning urine, percent bias ranged from 1% to 28% and accuracy (within 30% of 24-hour collection) ranged from 56% to 73%. For the second morning urine, percent bias ranged from 2% to 11%, and accuracy ranged from 71% to 78%. The accuracy of ePER (within 30%) in first and second morning urine progressively increased from 56% and 71% for low-grade proteinuria (150-299 mg/day) to 60% and 74% for moderate proteinuria (300-999 mg/day), and to 73% and 78% for high-grade proteinuria (≥1000 mg/day). Measures of agreement were similar across histologic phenotypes of allograft injury.Conclusions. The ability of ePER to accurately predict 24-hour proteinuria in kidney transplant recipients is modest. However, accuracy improves with an increase in proteinuria. Given the similar accuracy of ePER measurements in first and second morning urine, second morning urine can be used to monitor protein excretion.
Skeletal muscle loss was associated with the risk of diabetes in non non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Chinese male middle-aged and elderly population, the Shanghai Changfeng Study
Authors: Chen Lingyan , Xia Mingfeng , Wu Li , Li Qian , Hu Yu , Ma Hui , Gao Xin , Lin Huandong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Previous studies have presented skeletal muscle loss was associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, whether the presence of NAFLD could influence the association between skeletal muscle mass and DM was still unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of skeletal muscle mass with diabetes in Chinese middle-aged and older community population, and whether the association could be effected by NAFLD.
Methods

A cross-sectional study of 5,626 residents aged 45 and above in Changfeng community in Shanghai were conducted. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was detected by dual-energy X ray absorption (DXA) and calculated as ASM% [appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) (kg) /body weight*100%]. Liver fat content (LFC) was measured using a quantitative ultrasound method. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association between ASM% quartiles with DM.
Results

With ASM% decreasing, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hBG) and Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) as well as LFC increased in both genders, and the prevalence of diabetes and NAFLD also increased. Spearman analysis showed ASM% was negatively correlated with FBG, 2hBG and LFC. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed after multiple adjustments, ASM% quartile was negatively associated with the risk of diabetes only in male, but not in female. Subgroup analysis found the ASM% quartiles remained negatively correlated with the risk of diabetes in male non-NAFLD population, but not in NAFLD population. When stratified by LFC quartiles, the results was similar. After multivariate adjustments, low ASM% was negatively correlated with the risk of diabetes only in the first and second LFC quartile in male, and the association remained insignificant in each LFC quartile in female.
Conclusions

Skeletal muscle mass was negatively associated with the risk of diabetes in male population but not in female. The presence of NAFLD weakened this association. The results suggested stratified management of diabetes should be considered according to skeletal muscle mass and the presence of NAFLD.
Attention to speaking mouth is reduced by face inversion in infants only from 9 months of age
Authors: Laudańska Zuzanna , Dopierała Aleksandra , Szmytke Magdalena , Ilyka Dianna , Malinowska-Korczak Anna , Tomalski Przemysław 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Configural processing is a specialised perceptual mechanism that allows adult humans to quickly process facial information. It emerges before the first birthday and can be disrupted by upside-down presentation of the face (inversion). To date, little is known about the relationship of configural face processing to the emerging knowledge of audiovisual (AV) speech in infancy. Using eye-tracking we measured attention to speaking mouth in upright and inverted faces that were either congruent or incongruent with the speech sound. Face inversion affected looking at AV speech only in older infants (9- to 11- and 12- to 14-month-olds). The youngest group of infants (5- to 7-month-olds) did not show any differences in looking durations between upright and inverted faces, while in both older groups face inversion led to reduced looking at the articulating mouth. We also observed a stronger interest in the eyes in the youngest infants, followed by an increase in looking time to the mouth in both older groups. Our findings suggest that configural face processing is involved in AV speech processing already in infancy, indicating early integration of face and speech processing mechanisms in cognitive development.
Novel KNN Algorithms for Spherical Regions Based on Clustering and Region Division
Authors: Wang Haiyan Wang Haiyan , Xu Peidi Xu Peidi , Zhao Jinghua Zhao Jinghua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The KNN classification algorithm is one of the most commonly used algorithm in the AI field. But classical KNN classification algorithm does not preprocess data before classification calculation, which results in a long time required for classification and a decrease in classification accuracy. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes two improved algorithms, namely KNNTS, and KNNTS-PK+. The two improved algorithms are based on KNNPK+ algorithm, which uses PK-Means + + algorithm to select the center of the spherical region, and sets the radius of the region to form a sphere to divide the data set in the space. The KNNPK+ algorithm improves the classification accuracy on the premise of stabilizing the classification efficiency of KNN classification algorithm. In order to improve the classification efficiency of KNN algorithm on the premise that the accuracy of KNN classification algorithm remains unchanged, KNNTS algorithm is proposed. It uses tabu search algorithm to select the radius of spherical region, and uses spherical region division method with equal radius to divide the data set in space. On the basis of the first two improved algorithms, KNNTS-PK+ algorithm combines them to divide the data sets in space. After preprocessing the data by two methods, experiments are carried out on the new data set and the classification results were obtained. Results revealed show that the two improved algorithms can effectively improve the classification accuracy and efficiency after the data samples are cut reasonably.
Efficacy and Safety of Traditional Chinese medicine in patients with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: study protocol for randomized, controlled, exploratory clinical trial
Authors: Zhang Hailong , Li Jiansheng , Guo Wen , Wang Lu , Zhang Dong , Zhao Limin , Zhou Miao , Luo Weixian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: At present, there is short of effective treatment for acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF). The treatment of IPF with Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has some advantages. However, the evidence is unclear whether TCM can be recommended as an effective therapy to treat AE-IPF. The purpose of the study is to explore the efficacy and safety of TCM for patients with AE-IPF.Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, exploratory clinical trial will be performed. A total of 80 patients diagnosed AE-IPF will be randomized into the intervention or control group. In addition to conventional treatment, the intervention group will be treated with Kangxianhuanji granule, and the control group will be given a placebo granule. The administration frequency is 10g each time and two times daily. After 4 weeks of treatment, the patients were followed up for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes are treatment failure rate and all-cause of mortality. Secondary outcome measures will include the length of hospitalization, overall survival, acute exacerbation rate, intubation rate, Modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) score, and the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (SGRQ-I) score, and arterial blood gas analysis.Discussion: TCM may be beneficial in IPF. However, it has never been evaluated in patients with AE-IPF, who are incredibly prone to respiratory failure and have a high mortality rate. It is the first clinical trial to explore the efficacy and safety of TCM in the treatment of AE-IPF. This result will provide a basis for further study, which provide a high-quality evidence for the treatment of AE-IPF with TCM.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900026289. Registered 29 September 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx.