bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Cultural Competence: Teaching about Race, Gender, Class, and Sexual Orientation
Authors: Abrums Mary E , Leppa Carol 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Teaching cultural competence to nursing students has been a goal of nursing education for many years. Culturally competent care has been defined as "sensitive to issues related to culture, race, gender, and sexual orientation." However, teaching cultural competence to nursing students has commonly emphasized cultural or ethnic beliefs, values, and practices, rather than issues of race, gender, class, or sexual orientation. The authors use the theory of "relational positionalty" to help students recognize that everyone has a perspective through which they view the world as "normal"; and that normal as defined by the dominant group can create situations of oppression for others.
A Curriculum Framework for Nursing
Authors: Webber Pamela Bayliss 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Nursing education has struggled for decades to develop a framework that would adequately reflect nursing and provide a stable yet dynamic curriculum for nursing education. Unfortunately, most of the frameworks the profession has used in the past either were adapted from other disciplines or based on processes, concepts, and theories that were too narrow to serve in the capacity of a unifying framework. Perhaps it is time that nursing begins to focus more on the profession's epistemological forest than on isolated trees when developing and selecting curricular frameworks. This article offers a framework that may help us do just that.
Thinking Processes Used by Nurses in Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Higuchi Kathryn A Smith , Donald Janet G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Clinical decision making forms the basis of expert clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate and document the thinking processes used by nurses in clinical decision making situations so the processes could guide educational practice. Clinical data was analyzed to reveal that clinical decision making is complex and requires a variety of thinking processes. Medical and surgical nurses used different thinking processes, showing the importance of context in clinical decision making. The nursing exemplars and working vocabulary developed in this study to describe the thinking processes used in clinical decision making can be used in nursing education.
Preceptorship and Critical Thinking in Nursing Education
Authors: Myrick Florence 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Although preceptorship is being used increasingly by nursing faculty in the practice setting, little is known about how preceptors teach and even less is known about how critical thinking is being fostered in that relationship. The purpose of this study was to examine the process used in preceptorship to develop and promote the critical thinking ability of baccalaureate nursing students. Using the grounded theory method, this study was conducted in a large tertiary care hospital. Participants included fourth-year baccalaureate nursing students (preceptees) and their staff nurse preceptors. Data collection was composed of semistructured interviews and observations of the preceptors and preceptees as they worked together in the practice setting. Secondary data sources included documents considered appropriate to the study (e.g., nurse notes, student journals). By constant comparative analysis of the data, the findings of this study revealed a process that reflects the enabling of students by preceptors to develop and promote their critical thinking ability in the practice setting.
Nursing Students' Experiences With and Strategic Approaches to Case-Based Instruction: A Replication and Comparison Study Between Two Disciplines
Authors: DeMarco Rosanna , Hayward Lorna , Lynch Marcia 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In the classroom and in clinical areas, knowing how to learn, reason, reflect, think creatively, generate and evaluate ideas, make decisions, and solve problems have been identified as key elements of critical thinking. However, to be successful in the current health care arena, caregivers cannot be satisfied with possessing the ability to solve problems and simply meet preestablished "outcomes" (Alfaro-LeFevre, 1998). It is necessary to improve knowledge and practice applications and to explore the best ways to do things within a work group.
This qualitative study evaluated the experiences of senior-level nursing students using case-based instruction in a course titled, Leading and Managing in Nursing. It is a replication and extension (Phase II) of an original case-based instruction study, completed with senior physical therapy students (Phase I). Phase III of this study trajectory is the creation of an interdisciplinary casebased course that addresses either or both clinical collaborative care issues or leadership and management issues for health care profession students. From this Phase II study, six thematic groupings emerged as distinct student experiences hi case-based instruction- motivation, real world, learning, knowledge development, emerging from within, and group dynamic issues.
Graduate Nursing Students' Precourse and Postcourse Perceptions and Preferences Concerning Completely Web-Based Courses
Authors: Wills Celia E , Stommel Manfred 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Web-based nursing courses have proliferated rapidly in recent years, but few data are available about course outcomes. A pretest/posttest survey design of student perceptions and preferences was used to evaluate two graduate-level on-line nursing courses (required research and elective aging issues courses; N = 31 and JV = 29, respectively) on the basis of Billings' outcomes evaluation framework for nursing Web-based courses. Students in both courses were favorable or at least neutral in their perceptions of outcomes at both pretest and posttest, but favorable shifts in perceptions also occurred from pretest to posttest. Most students remained stable in their preferences for format of instruction (on-line or classroom), and most favored an on-line format. Almost all students indicated they would take the course they took if they had the decision to make over again. Students who took the elective aging issues course had somewhat more favorable perceptions overall at posttest, compared to the required research course, but some differences were accounted for by pretest score differences between the groups. While outcomes were positive for both courses, the results also highlight specific needs for adequate socialization and support of students, particularly for first-year graduate students who are taking Web-based courses.
Integrating Health Services Research Into Nursing Doctoral Programs: The Evolution of Nursing Research
Authors: Cody Marisue , Beck Cornelia , Courtney Reni , Shue Valorie M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTTraditionally, nursing research has focused on the effect of an intervention on selected patients without considering the inñuence of the system of care and its myriad characteristics. Health services research (HSR) focuses on organization and financing of health services; access to health care; quality of care; clinical evaluation and outcomes research; informatics and clinical decision making; practitioner, patient, and consumer behavior; health professions workforce; health policy formulation and analyses; and health care model and service use. Doctoral students can benefit from HSR's broad perspective if it is included in existing nursing curricula. Ultimately, HSR could help the nursing profession achieve the capacity to develop health policy and new systems of health care for the 21st century.
Using Storytelling as an Approach to Teaching and Learning With Diverse Students
Authors: Koening Jill M , Zorn CeCelia R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Storytelling is an approach to teaching and learning that develops from the lived experiences of teachers, clinicians, and students. This article examines the storytelling process used to help students explore personal roles and make sense of their lives, and as an approach to help diverse undergraduate students with various learning styles.
Leukemic Hypopyon
Authors: Abramson David H , Wachtel Antonio , Watson Carolyn W , Jereb Berta , Wollner Norma 
Published: April 2021

Summary
A seven-year-old girl was successfully treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Despite clinical remission she developed a monocular hypopyon which was treated successfully with topical and subtenons steroids. When the hypopyon reappeared, a diagnostic paracentesis revealed leukemic cells and a normal aqueous lactate dehydrogenase. Leukemic ocular infiltration may clinically mimic both neoplastic and inflammatory ocular conditions. The combination of paracentesis and lactate dehydrogenase assay greatly aid in the correct diagnosis.
Advantages of a Cross-Correlation Technique for ERG Measurement in Children
Authors: Fricker Stephen J , Kuperwaser Mark 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The measurement of ERGs of infants and children suspected of having retinal dysfunction can present some significant practical problems. Often the degree of cooperation is less than ideal, the stimulus actually reaching the retina may vary, and the level of background electrical activity can mask small responses. Single flash ERGs often are not adequate in such circumstances, and usually it is advantageous to use some form of noise reduction. Conventional averaging techniques can be used, but one disadvantage is the time required to average a significant number of responses. The use of rapid, pseudorandomly timed stimuli and a cross-correlation signal recovery procedure offers some theoretical and practical advantages. Usually a better defined response (with a higher signal-to-noise ratio) can be obtained in a relatively short time, sometimes in a few seconds. In addition, the pseudorandomly timed flash stimuli inherently contain a wide range of frequencies, so that in effect the frequency response of the outer layers of the retina is being measured. Some clinical examples will be described to illustrate the practical application of this procedure for measuring the cone and rod ERGs of young patients.
Preferential Looking Vision Testing: Application to Evaluation of High-Risk, Prematurely Born Infants and Children
Authors: Manning Karen A , Fulton Anne B , Hansen Ronald M , Mayer D Luisa , Petersen Robert A , Barg Dana C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We studied the application of preferential looking (PL) procedures to evaluation of visual performance of 59 prematurely born infants and young children. Neurological abnormalities were present in 29 of the 59 patients. Ophthalmic examination revealed normal eyes in 20 of the patients; retinopathy of prematurity (20 patients) and strabismus (13 patients) were the most prevalent ophthalmological disorders; the remaining 6 patients had a variety of ophthalmic anomalies. Results indicate that PL testing of such patients is best accomplished after age 2 months. Patients with developmental delays can be tested, but they may have poor PL performance that is not accounted for by ophthalmic abnormalities. Differences in PL acuities between right and left eyes were indicative of amblyopia in some of the strabismic patients; sequential PL acuities monitored occlusion therapy in these pre-verbal youngsters.
Prematurely born infants are at risk not only for retinopathy of prematurity,1 but also significant refractive errors,2,3 a higher-than-normal prevalence of strabismus,4 and ocular disorders associated with congenital infections and chromosomal anomalies. Besides the specific ocular conditions that can lead to visual loss, the symptoms of visual inattention, especially among the developmentally delayed infants, leads to ophthalmologic consultation. Successful assessment of vision in these prematurely born infants could complement the ophthalmologist's examination (just as vision testing in older patients does), and contribute to the information in which the family and other providers base plans for care of the prematurely born patient with visual problems.
We tested the vision of prematurely born infants using preferential looking (PL) procedures.5-8 PL is one of several methods currently available that may be clinically useful5,6,8,10 for investigation of infants' visual capabilities.9 The prematurely born patients provided a population, acknowledged to have a high prevalence of ocular disorders, that allowed us to evaluate further the clinical utility of PL. Also, we wanted to appraise PL visual performance of the prematurely born among our high-risk-infant patient population" that often requires integration of ongoing medical care and education services.
Hyperplastic Persistent Pupillary Membrane - Surgical Management
Authors: Reynolds James D , Hiles David A , Johnson Bruce L , Biglan Albert W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two infants, aged three days and six weeks, respectively, presented with dense extensive persistent pupillary membranes as sporadic isolated findings. ? clear central pupillary aperture was unable to be achieved with mydriatic agente. The patients were treated by surgical removal of the membranes at age five days and six months respectively. Surgery was without complication and visual development has been normal. We suggest that early intervention in the first weeks or months of life is necessary to prevent the development of amblyopia. If mydriaais is unsuccessful, surgery is recommended followed by optical correction and occlusion therapy as necessary.
Congenital Aniridia: A Histopathologic study of the Anterior Segment in Children
Authors: Margo Curtis E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Seven eyes from seven children with congenital aniridia were studied histologically in order to assess the relationship between congenital and acquired abnormalities. At the time of enucleation the children ranged in age from six days to 14 years. There was no history of previous intraocular surgery in any of the children. Besides iridie and ciliary body hypoplasia three congenital abnormalities of the anterior segment were noted: anomalous development of the anterior chamber angle, incomplete cleavage of the anterior chamber angle, and attenuation of Bowman's membrane. Three acquired abnormalities of the anterior segment were identified: corneal pannus, peripheral anterior synechiae, and lenticular degeneration. The two cases showing anomalous development of the anterior chamber angle occurred in children with a partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 11.
Dinitrochlorobenzene and Debulking Therapy of Conjunctival Papilloma
Authors: Burns Robert P , Wankum Gerald , Giangiacomo Joseph , Anderson Philip C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A conjunctiva] papilloma in a four-year-old boy had recurred despite one surgical removal, and three cryosurgical treatments. After sensitization of the child's lymphocytes to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), the lesion responded rapidly and completely to debulking followed by painting the base of the tumor with DNCB. We feel that the effectiveness and simplicity of debulking and DNCB treatment of conjunctival papillomas, which have resisted previous standard forms of therapy, gives an easy, relatively inexpensive, and rapid method of treating these lesions.
Retinoblastoma: The Accuracy of Clinical Diagnosis in Children Treated by Enucleation
Authors: Margo Curtis E , Zimmerman Lorenz E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We correlated the pathologic diagnosis with the preoperative clinical diagnosis of retinoblastoma in children treated by enucleation within the United States and Canada between the years 1974 and 1980. In order to avoid inappropriate selectivity and institutional bias, we studied only those cases submitted directly to the Registry of Ophthalmic Pathology in which the enucleated eyes had not been examined initially at the local hospital. Of the 56 eyes removed because of suspected retinoblastoma, 15 (26.8%) did not contain a malignant tumor. In two cases enucleation was delayed because retinoblastoma was not considered initially in the differential diagnosis of spontaneous hyphema. During the same period, two of 268 eyes that were enucleated for reasons other than suspected retinoblastoma were found to contain a retinoblastoma. The diagnostic error rate in our study reflects the persistent difficulty in diagnosing retinoblastoma in eyes with opaque media and retinal detachment.
Atypical Echographic Forms of Retinoblastomas
Authors: Lopez J Fernandez-Vigo , Alvarez J Cuevas 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Three cases of histologically proven retinoblastoma are presented whose unusual clinical appearance suggested that ultrasonographic studies should be carried out. These cases exhibited an atypical pattern different from those previously described, and were clinically and ultrasonographically misdiagnosed as endophthalmitis.
Marcus Gunn Jaw Winking and Duane's Retraction Syndrome
Authors: Isenberg Sherwin , Blechman Betsy 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A three-month-oW female presented with the unusual findings of Marcus Gunn Jaw Winking Phenomenon and Duane's Retraction Syndrome in the same eye. In considering suggested etiologies for these two disorders, a misdirection of peripheral innervation would account for both these entities co-existing. In reviewing the ophthalmic literature, the association of these disorders was first described around the turn of the century but much less in recent years.
Rate of Deterioration in Accommodative Esotropia Correlated to the AC/A Relationship
Authors: Ludwig Irene H , Parks Marshall M , Getson Pamela R , Kammerman Lisa A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We analyzed the claim that accommodative esotropia tends to deteriorate with greater frequency if the accommodation convergence relationship (AC/A) is high. Records of 119 patients whose eyes were aligned with spectacles alone were studied. Their AC/A relationships were graded according to the difference between the distance and near measurements: normal included 0 to 9 prism diopters (Δ) difference; grade 1 ranged from 10 to 19Δ difference; grade 2 from 20 to 29Δ difference; and in grade 3 the difference was 30Δ or greater. Deterioration is characterized by a nonaccommodative component of esotropia greater than 10? at distance becoming superimposed on the initial accommodative esotropia. Deterioration occurred in 7.7% of patients with a normal AC/A, 25% with grade 1 high AC/A, 44% with grade 2 high AC/A, and 52% with grade 3 high AC/A. Hypotheses were investigated using chi square, ttest, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and log linear analyses. Distributional differences were highly significant by chi square test (p = 0.001) with a rejection of the null hypothesis of no difference between the groups at the α = 0.05 level. An alternate analysis of average AC/A ratio in the deteriorated versus nondeteriorated patients was equally statistically significant by the t-test. Hypermetropia was significantly higher in the normal AC/A group. Multi-factor comparisons showed that time-to-deterioration, treatment delay, age of onset, and amblyopia were factors that did not relate significantly to the incidence of deterioration.
Long-Term Follow-up of Jensen Procedures
Authors: Cline Roy A , Scott William E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Jensen procedures were performed on 29 eyes of 26 patients with lateral rectus palsy between January 1972 and July 1985. The cases were reviewed retrospectively to assess efficacy of the procedure and long-term stability. The patients were evaluated preoperatively with prism cover test, versions, forced auctions, saccadic velocities, and diplopia fields. All patients were observed preoperati vely for at least 6 months and had no further recovery of function. Eighteen eyes had less than 20% of normal abduction saccadic velocity; nine eyes had 20% to 40%; two could not be assessed with saccadic velocities. The procedure was a Jensen's union combined with a medial rectus recession on adjustable suture. The average follow-up was 4 years. Twenty-four patients had good head positions and fusion with a functional area of single binocular vision, averaging 41 horizontally. All patients demonstrated improved saccadic velocities, with similar improvement for those beginning with less than 20% abduction saccadic velocity and those with 20%-40%. A single case of anterior segment ischemia is reported.
Addicted Women and Their Relationships with Men
Authors: Boyd Carol , Mast Deborah 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: The information for this descriptive study comes from Andersen's (1980) research funded through the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Although Andersen's questionnaires do not directly gather data about the relationship between the woman's drug use and her relationships with men, the authors were drawn to explore this area because of the large number of female drug users who described this connection. In reviewing the initial and termination data on 72 clients, it was found that 43% reported a variety of ways their usage was affected by men. These anecdotal descriptions provided by the female drug users are summarized under seven
headings; some anecdotal notes are included in the text. The categories are not mutually exclusive. The findings reported in this article concur with the recent literature on drug dependent women.
Abuse Among Rural Mentally Ill
Authors: Weiler Kay , Buckwalter Kathleen C 
Published: April 2021

Each American adult has the right to make individual decisions. These decisions include preferences in lifestyle, occupation, diet, housing, health-care treatment, Jand allocations of financial resources. The right to autonomous decision making is hot limited to young of middle-aged adults, nor is it limited to those occasions during which the individual has the capacity to personally participate in the decisions (US Congress, 1987). The right also applies to elderly, incapacitated, mentally ili, or dependent adults. Because of this autonomy, no individual must suffer physical, psychological, or financial coercion.
Based on these rights, all 50 states have enacted statutes to protect dependent adults and to authorize government intervention in cases of suspected adult abuse (Hunzeker, 1 990). Iowa is one of the states that has enacted dependent adult abuse legislation, and in 1988, health-care practitioners in Iowa became mandatory reporters of adult abuse (Iowa Code, 1992). As mandatory reporters, all nurses who treat, counsel, examine, or attend dependent adults must observe the physical status and interpersonal relationships of their clients and significant others to identify potential conflict or injury. Categories of abuse recognized by the Iowa law include physical, sexual, and financial abuse, neglect by self, and neglect by another (Figure).
PMS and PMDD in the Domain of Mental Health Nursing
Authors: Stearns Sandy 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a complex cluster of symptoms that occurs 7 to 14 days prior to menses and ends 1 to 2 days after menses. Premenstrual syndrome symptoms can create severe, debilitating psychological and physical problems. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) provides criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which can be considered the most severe presentation on the PMS continuum. A critical part of determining the diagnosis is evaluating the timing of symptoms. True PMS only occurs during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, with a symptom-free period during the follicular phase.
After identifying a diagnosis of PMS or PMDD, the first-line treatment of these symptom clusters continues to be lifestyle changes, including stress management, healthy diet, regular aerobic exercise, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and fortified coping strategies. Women whose symptoms are not controlled adequately with lifestyle modifications may benefit from medications. Possible medication recommendations include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), diuretics, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, and vitamin and mineral supplements.