bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Precedes and Predicts Cardiometabolic Events in Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Nadali Mitra , Lyngfelt Lovisa , Erlandsson Malin C. , Silfverswärd Sofia Töyrä , Andersson Karin M. E. , Bokarewa Maria I. , Pullerits Rille 
Published: January 2021

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes premature mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Levels of soluble (s)RAGE change with aging, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. We assessed whether sRAGE was associated with increased risk of CVD in RA patients.Methods: Serum sRAGE was measured in 184 female RA patients and analyzed with respect to CVD risk estimated by the Framingham algorithm (eCVR), metabolic profile and inflammation. Levels of sRAGE in 13 patients with known cardio-metabolic morbidity defined the cut-off for low sRAGE. Prospective 5-year follow-up of new CV and metabolic events was completed.Results: Low sRAGE was significantly associated with previous history and with new imminent cardiometabolic events in the prospective follow-up of RA patients. In both cases, low sRAGE reflected higher estimation of CVR in those patients. Low sRAGE was attributed to adverse metabolic parameters including high fasting plasma glucose and body fat content rather than inflammation. The association of sRAGE and poor metabolic profile was prominent in patients younger than 50 years.Conclusions: This study points at low sRAGE as a marker of metabolic failure developed during chronic inflammation. It highlights the importance for monitoring metabolic health in female RA patients for timely prevention of CVD.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov with ID NCT03449589. Registered 28, February 2018.
White Matter Abnormalities in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics
Authors: Wei Xia , Luo Chunyan , Li Qian , Hu Na , Xiao Yuan , Liu Nian , Lui Su , Gong Qiyong 
Published: January 2021

Background:Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) studies based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have revealed extensive abnormalities in white matter (WM) fibers of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the results were inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analytical approach was used in this study to find the most prominent and replicable WM abnormalities of PD.Methods:Online databases were systematically searched for all TBSS studies comparing fractional anisotropy (FA) between patients with PD and controls. Subsequently, we performed the meta-analysis using a coordinate-based meta-analytic software called seed-based d mapping. Meanwhile, meta-regression was performed to explore the potential correlation between the alteration of FA and the clinical characteristics of PD.Results:Out of a total of 1,701 studies that were identified, 23 studies were included. Thirty datasets, including 915 patients (543 men) with PD and 836 healthy controls (449 men), were included in the current study. FA reduction was identified in the body of the corpus callosum (CC; 245 voxels;z= −1.739;p&lt; 0.001) and the left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) 118 voxels;z= −1.182;p&lt; 0.001). Both CC and IFOF maintained significance in the sensitivity analysis. No increase in FA was identified, but the percentage of male patients with PD was positively associated with the value of FA in the body of the CC.Conclusions:Although some limitations exist, DTI is regarded as a valid way to identify the pathophysiology of PD. It could be more beneficial to integrate DTI parameters with other MRI techniques to explore brain degeneration in PD.
Alterations of Spinal Epidural Stimulation-Enabled Stepping by Descending Intentional Motor Commands and Proprioceptive Inputs in Humans With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Gill Megan L. , Linde Margaux B. , Hale Rena F. , Lopez Cesar , Fautsch Kalli J. , Calvert Jonathan S. , Veith Daniel D. , Beck Lisa A. , Garlanger Kristin L. , Sayenko Dimitry G. , Lavrov Igor A. , Thoreson Andrew R. , Grahn Peter J. , Zhao Kristin D. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Regaining control of movement following a spinal cord injury (SCI) requires utilization and/or functional reorganization of residual descending, and likely ascending, supraspinal sensorimotor pathways, which may be facilitated via task-specific training through body weight supported treadmill (BWST) training. Recently, epidural electrical stimulation (ES) combined with task-specific training demonstrated independence of standing and stepping functions in individuals with clinically complete SCI. The restoration of these functions may be dependent upon variables such as manipulation of proprioceptive input, ES parameter adjustments, and participant intent during step training. However, the impact of each variable on the degree of independence achieved during BWST stepping remains unknown.Objective: To describe the effects of descending intentional commands and proprioceptive inputs, specifically body weight support (BWS), on lower extremity motor activity and vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF) during ES-enabled BWST stepping in humans with chronic sensorimotor complete SCI. Furthermore, we describe perceived changes in the level of assistance provided by clinicians when intent and BWS are modified.Methods: Two individuals with chronic, mid thoracic, clinically complete SCI, enrolled in an IRB and FDA (IDE G150167) approved clinical trial. A 16-contact electrode array was implanted in the epidural space between the T11-L1 vertebral regions. Lower extremity motor output and vertical ground reaction forces were obtained during clinician-assisted ES-enabled treadmill stepping with BWS. Consecutive steps were achieved during various experimentally-controlled conditions, including intentional participation and varied BWS (60% and 20%) while ES parameters remain unchanged.Results: During ES-enabled BWST stepping, the knee extensors exhibited an increase in motor activation during trials in which stepping was passive compared to active or during trials in which 60% BWS was provided compared to 20% BWS. As a result of this increased motor activation, perceived clinician assistance increased during the transition from stance to swing. Intentional participation and 20% BWS resulted in timely and purposeful activation of the lower extremities muscles, which improved independence and decreased clinician assistance.Conclusion: Maximizing participant intention and optimizing proprioceptive inputs through BWS during ES-enabled BWST stepping may facilitate greater independence during BWST stepping for individuals with clinically complete SCI.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02592668.
The Physiological Significance of A-Waves in Early Diabetic Neuropathy: Assessment of Motor Nerve Fibers by Neurophysiological Techniques
Authors: Cai Qiong , Aimair Guliqiemu , Xu Wen-Xiao , Xiao Pei-Yao , Liu Lie-Hua , Liang Yin-Xing , Wu Chao , Liao Song-Jie 
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate how early A-waves could occur in type II diabetes, and what it implied functionally.Methods: We performed conduction velocity distribution (CVD) test in peroneal nerves of 37 type II diabetic patients with normal nerve conduction study (NCS) and 22 age-matched controls. The electrophysiological data and clinical information were analyzed.Results: A-waves were observed in 45.9% of diabetic patients and only in 1 person in healthy controls, all detected in the tibial nerves. The diabetic patients with A-waves showed faster conduction velocity in all quartiles in the motor peroneal nerves compared to the patients without A-waves, and their CVD histograms were shifted to the right side, consisting of a significantly larger percentage of fast conducting fibers. There was no significant difference in the CVD values of the upper extremity nerves among the patients with and without A-waves and the healthy controls.Conclusion: A-waves could occur in type II diabetes as early as when NCS showed normal, and represented as a sign of neuropathy as well as a sign of rescued motor nerve function.
Patterns of Presentation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children. Experience at the Italian Epicentre of the Pandemic
Authors: Mazza Angelo , Di Giorgio Angelo , Martelli Laura , Pelliccia Ciretta , Pinotti Moira Alessandra , Quadri Vera , Verdoni Lucio , Decio Alice , Ruggeri Maurizio , D'Antiga Lorenzo 
Published: January 2021

Background: COVID-19, a disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, spread worldwide, and Bergamo was one of the most affected areas in Europe. Following the first outbreak, more than half of the population of the Bergamo province had been infected. We aimed to describe the patients admitted to our unit shortly after the first outbreak.Methods: we retrospectively reviewed the notes of all pediatric patients diagnosed with COVID-19. We enrolled patients with positive swabs or serology and classified them based on the pattern and the timing of presentation after the first outbreak. This setting was considered a reliable reflection of the consequences of unmitigated SARS-CoV-2 circulation.Results: We diagnosed 35 patients over a 3-month period and we identified six patterns presenting in two temporal phases: Early phase, Group 1 (median of 20 days from epidemic start, IQR: 15–27): neonatal sepsis (n.7), pneumonia (n.5), flu-like symptoms (n.2). Late phase, Group 2 (59:51–66 days, p &lt; 0.001): MIS-C (n.18), neurological manifestations (n.3). Group 1 differed from Group 2 for younger age (1 vs. 8 years, p = 0.02), lower C-reactive protein (0.9 vs. 16.6 mg/dl, p = 0.008), procalcitonin (0.16 vs. 7.9 ng/ml, p = 0.008) and neutrophil count (3,765 vs. 6,780/μl, p = 0.006), higher rate of positive swabs (14/14 vs. 9/21, p &lt; 0.001), higher lymphocyte count (3,000 vs. 930/μl, p = 0.006) and platelet count (323,000 vs. 210,000/μl, p = 0.009).Conclusions: Following an outbreak of unmitigated SARS-CoV-2 diffusion, infected children may present with clinical patterns suggesting two temporal clusters, the first characterized by markers of direct viral injury, the second suggesting an immune-mediated disease.
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Yimitasvir in Chinese Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Guan Xiao-duo , Tang Xian-ge , Zhang Ying-jun , Xie Hong-ming , Luo Lin , Wu Dan , Chen Rui , Hu Pei 
Published: January 2021

Yimitasvir is a novel, oral hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein 5A inhibitor for the treatment of chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. The objective of this analysis was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of yimitasvir in Chinese healthy volunteers and HCV infection patients. The model was performed using data from 219 subjects across six studies. Nonlinear mixed effects models were developed using Phoenix NLME software. The covariates were evaluated using a stepwise forward inclusion (p &lt; 0.01) and then a backward exclusion procedure (p &lt; 0.001). A two-compartment model with sequential zero-first order absorption and first-order elimination reasonably described yimitasvir pharmacokinetics (PK). The apparent oral clearance and central volume of distribution were 13.8 l·h−1 and 188 l, respectively. The bioavailability (F) of yimitasvir decreased 12.9% for each 100 mg dose increase. Food was found to affect absorption rate (Ka) and F. High-fat meal decreased Ka and F by 90.9% and 38.5%, respectively. Gender and alanine aminotransferase were identified as significant covariates on apparent oral clearance. Female subjects had lower clearance than male subjects. Zero-order absorption duration was longer in healthy volunteers (2.17 h) than that in patients (1.43 h). The population pharmacokinetic model described yimitasvir PK profile well. Food decreased Ka and F significantly, so it was recommended to take yimitasvir at least 2 h before or after a meal. Other significant covariates were not clinically important.
Non-pharmacological Treatment for Elderly Individuals With Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kwon Chan-Young , Lee Boram , Cheong Moon Joo , Kim Tae-Hun , Jang Bo-Hyoung , Chung Sun Yong , Kim Jong Woo 
Published: January 2021

Background: Insomnia causes a huge socioeconomic burden among the elderly, and is not simply a health problem. This study aimed to determine the comparative advantage of the effectiveness and acceptability of non-pharmacological interventions available for elderly individuals with insomnia.Methods: Comprehensive searches in 13 medical databases were performed to find relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to August 2019. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment of included RCTs using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias. A network meta-analysis within the frequentist model was performed by combining direct and indirect evidence from all available RCTs. The primary outcomes were effectiveness as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) total score and acceptability by the incidence of all-cause drop-out.Results: Twenty-eight RCTs involving 2,391 participants were included. Compared to wait-list, acupuncture (standardized mean difference −4.37, 95% confidence interval −8.53 to −0.12), acupuncture combined with benzodiazepines (−5.20, −9.82 to −0.57), behavioral therapy (−10.44, −17.31 to −3.58), benzodiazepines (−4.28, −8.45 to −0.11), benzodiazepines combined with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) (−7.18, −12.17 to −2.19), and CBT (−4.93, −8.63 to −1.22) showed significant superiority in their effectiveness. No significant comparative superiority or inferiority was found in terms of acceptability.Conclusions: In terms of effectiveness as indicated by the PSQI total score, compared to wait-list, superior benefits were observed for acupuncture, acupuncture combined with benzodiazepines, behavioral treatment, benzodiazepines, benzodiazepines combined with CBT, and CBT. Importantly, combined treatments, including benzodiazepines combined with CBT or with acupuncture, were generally superior to other monotherapies. In terms of acceptability, there was not enough data to draw conclusions. However, most RCTs included had methodological problems related to the lack of blinding procedure, suggesting a risk of effect size overestimation.Registration: CRD42019145518.
Immunotherapy in Autoantibody-Associated Psychiatric Syndromes in Adults
Authors: Hansen Niels , Timäus Charles 
Published: January 2021

Background: Autoantibody-associated psychiatric syndromes are often distinct from, but might also be part of autoimmune encephalitis. Our article focuses on potential immunotherapy in these patients with a probable autoimmune origin of their psychiatric syndrome.Methods: We searched through PubMed for appropriate articles on immunotherapy in autoantibody-associated psychiatric syndromes between 2010 and 2020 for this narrative review.Results: In line with prior recommendations for autoimmune encephalitis and autoimmune psychosis, we suggest that in patients with a probable autoimmune-based psychiatric syndrome should be given early corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, or plasmapheresis as first line immunotherapy. If these therapeutic options fail, second-line immunotherapy should be applied within 1 month consisting of rituximab or cyclophosphamide. Maintenance therapy is best for those patients responding to steroids including mycofenolate mofetil or azathioprine. So far, there is evidence from a few retrospective cohort studies supporting the usage of first- and second-line, and maintenance immunotherapies for autoantibody-associated psychiatric syndromes. Some immunological agents are discussed that might exert an effect in autoimmune-based psychiatric syndromes, but the latest evidence is low and derived from case reports or series with autoimmune encephalitis patients.Conclusions: Taken together, the immunotherapeutic landscape for patients with autoantibody-associated psychiatric syndromes is delineated. Our suggestions rely on observational studies in autoantibody-associated psychiatric syndromes and a few placebo-controlled, randomized trials for patients with autoimmune encephalitis and psychosis. Thus, adequate powered, prospective as well as placebo-controlled clinical trials in patients with autoantibody-associated psychiatric syndromes are warranted in order to enlighten efficacy and safety aspects of current and novel therapy strategies.
Efficacy of Intercostal Nerve Block for Pain Control After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Tao , Zhu ZhenQiang , Du Jianlong 
Published: January 2021

Background:We aimed to assess the efficacy of intercostal nerve block (ICNB) for pain relief after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Methods:An electronic search of the databases of PubMed, Science Direct, BioMed Central, CENTRAL, Embase, and Google Scholar was conducted. All types of studies conducted on adult patients undergoing PCNL, comparing ICNB with control or any other anesthetic method, and reporting postoperative pain outcomes were included.Results:Six studies were included. Studies compared ICNB with peritubal (PT) infiltration and with control. Pooled analysis of ICNB vs. PT infiltration indicated no difference between the two groups for pain scores at 6–8 h (MD −0.44; 95% CI −3.41, 2.53; I2= 99%;p= 0.77), 12 h (MD −0.98; 95% CI −4.90, 2.94; I2= 99%;p= 0.62) and 24 h (MD 0.16; 95% CI −0.90, 1.21; I2= 88%;p= 0.77). Time for first analgesic demand was also not significantly different between the two groups. Meta-analysis of ICNB vs. control indicated statistical significant difference in pain scores between the two groups at 8 h (MD −1.55; 95% CI −2.60, −0.50; I2= 47%;p= 0.04), 12 h (SMD −2.49; 95% CI −4.84, −0.13; I2= 96%;p= 0.04) and 24 h (SMD −1.22; 95% CI −2.12, −0.32; I2= 88%;p= 0.008). The total analgesic requirement in morphine equivalents was not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusions:ICNB may be effective in reducing postoperative pain after PCNL. However, its efficacy may not be greater than PT infiltration. Current evidence is from a limited number of studies. Further, high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to provide robust evidence.
Prostitution Life and Prosperity in Epics
Authors: R Nirmaladevi 
Published: January 2021

The Science of Anthropology in separate Human Being understand the relationship between the various Human being along Faith, Custom, not written in law and religious belief- Women is most important in human being – In women whore is study the all kinds of Arts and proud in her life – Most beautiful women of whore only bought pariaum in her life – Silapathigaram – Manimegalai letter to Kovalan is the best one in Tamil literature- Now-a –Day these women’s are well in her life style – these women are good manner and popular in Novel Literature.
Efektivitas Pupuk Organik Cair Fermentasi Extrak Daun LamtoroGung Terhadap Pertumbuhan Produksi Jagung Lokal Mandar
Authors: Aulia Muh Rifky , M Makmur 
Published: January 2021

Jagung merupukan tanaman panganyang bernilai ekonomis tinggi dan juga mempunyaipeluang untuk dikembangkan karena jagung saat ini merupakan sumber utamakarbohidrat dan protein setelahberas. Produktivitas tanaman jagung di Indonesia hanya mencapai 4,1 ton/ha di tingkat petani, produktifitas tersebut masih rendah dibandingkan dengan produktifitas optimum yang bisa dicapai sekitar 12 ton/ha. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruhpemberian berbagai dosis pupukorganik cair (POC) hasilfermentasi extrak daun lamtoro pada tanaman Jagung. Metode yang di gunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yaitu pemberian POC hasil fermentasi extrak daun lamtoro yang tediri dari 5 taraf yaitu : Kontrol, 15ml/literair, 20ml/literair, 25ml/literair dan 30ml/literair. Berlokasi di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Ilmu Pertanian Unasman, Kelurahan Madatte, Kecamatan Polewali, Kabupaten Polewali Mandar dari bulan Januari sampai April 2020. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata semua peubahlebih besar dari NP. BNT taraf 5 % sehingga dapat diambil kesimpulan yaitu: pemberian dosis 30 ml/liter air memberikan pengaruh terbaik dan berbeda sagat nyata dengan perlakuan lain pada peubahtinggi tanaman umur21,28,dan 56HST, jumlah daun 21,28, dan 56HST, umur berbunga jantan, PanjangTongkol, BobotTongkol, Bobot100 Biji, dan BobotKering Batang.
Uji berbagai Sistem Tanam terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Makmur Makmur , Karim Harli A. , K Hasanuddin , Suryadi Suryadi 
Published: January 2021

Tanaman padi merupakan tanaman penting dan strategis di Indonesia. Kebutuhan pangan khususnya beras mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Salah satu unsur iklim yang sangat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan produksi padi adalah curah hujan. Produktivitas rata-rata tanaman padi berkisar 5,14 t /ha. Padahal, potensi produktivitas tanaman padi dapat mencapai 10-11 t/ha. Salah satu penyebabkan rendahnya produktivitas tersebut adalah sistem tanam yang belum tepat. Upaya yang bisa diakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan menguji berbagai sistem tanam yang sering digunakan petan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji berbagai sistem tanam ( SRI, Jajar Legowo 2:1, Hazton, Tegel, Tabela dan Hambur) terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman padi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Nepo Kecamatan Wonomulyo Kabupaten Polewali Mandar selama ± 4 bulan dimulai dari Mei-Juli 2020 dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri dari faktor sistem tanam dengan 6 perlakuan yaitu System Rice Intensification (SRI), Legowo 2:1, Hazton, Tegel, Tanam Benih Langsung dan Hambur. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali, sehingga ada 18 petak penelitian. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji F pada taraf nyata 5 %. Jika F hitung lebih besar dari F tabel 5 %, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan vegetatif dan produktif, jumlah gabah isi tiap malai, Panjang malai, jumlah gabah permalai, berat gabah 1000 biji, hasil perpetak dan Hasil per hektar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem tanam tabela menunjukkan rata-rata tinggi tanaman terbaik pada umur 45 HST dan 60 HST. Padi yang ditanam menggunakan legowo menghasilkan produktivitas 13.07 ton/ha. Hasil tersebut merupakan hasil tertinggi diabandingkan dengan sistem tanaman lainnya yaitu tegel (12.60 ton/ha), hazton (12.08 ton/ha), sistem SRI (11.67 ton/ha), tabela (9.91ton/ha) dan hambur (8.56 ton/ha).