bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications of illegal abortion in the suburbs of Tehran
Authors: Rashidpouraie Roya , Dastjerdi Marzieh Vahid , Shojaei Ahmad , Saeeditehrani Saeedeh , Sharifi Mohammadnader , Joodaki Kobra , Moosavinejad Shahriar , Rashidpouraei Mina , Zahedi Ladannaz , Mashkoori Ahmad , Larijani Bagher 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Illegal abortion is a common way to terminate unintended pregnancy. It may be associated with severe complications and may raise maternal mortality and morbidity rate. Illegal abortion is one of the important concerns in health system. In our study, we consider illegal abortion claims in Medical Council court in the suburbs of Tehran.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted. Data were extracted from registered judicial complainant cases of illegal abortion in Shahriyar medical court, Iran, during 2009–2017.

Results:
There were 751 registered claims during 2009–2017. Among them, a total of 95 gynecological claims were included in the study. Four (4.2%) registered claims were illegal abortion with severe complications such as peritonitis, rupture of uterine, small intestine, rectum, and mesentery perforation. Three cases had consumed misoprostol (prostaglandin E2) and one case had used prostaglandin E1 before curettage. Misoprostol was also used significantly more frequently than other methods for abortion before curettage (P < 0.05). Minor and short-term complications did not registered.

Conclusion:
The feature of claims showed that only severe morbidity and complications were registered in medical court. The definition of illegal abortion as a criminal act can be one of the factors of decreasing of abortion's complication claims.
Anesthesia technique and serum cytokine concentrations in the elective cesarean section
Authors: Hassanshahi Gholamhossein , Hadavi Maryam , Jafarzadeh Abdollah , Rezaeian Mohsen , Vazirinejad Reza , Sarkoohi Ali , Aminzadeh Fariba 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Anesthesiologists should obtain the best technique for cesarean section (CS). This study designed to compare the effect of general anesthesia (GA) and spinal anesthesia (SA) on immune system function in elective CS.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive study was performed on forty candidates for elective CS. They were randomly divided into GA and SA groups. The serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were measured using ELISA method prior to anesthesia (T0), immediately after the uterine incision (T1), 2 h post CS (T2), and 24 h post CS (T3). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square, independent t-test, and repeated measures.

Results:
No significant differences were observed between the GA and SA groups regarding the serum levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and IFN-γ. The serum levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in the SA group were significantly (P = 0.003) more than that of the GA group at T3.

Conclusion:
According to the angiogenesis properties of TGF-β, it seems that SA probably affects the rate of recovery more than that of the GA.
Agreement between the results of tuberculin skin test and Interferon-Gamma Release Assays in renal transplant candidates
Authors: Samavat Shiva , Alahyari Sam , Sangian Ali , Nasiri Malihe , Nafar Mohsen , Firoozan Ahmad , Samadian Fariba , Dalili Nooshin , Poorrezagholi Fatemeh 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Identification of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection is important in kidney transplant candidates. Due to the absence of a gold standard, both tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) are used to screen patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement of these two tests in patients undergoing renal transplantation.

Materials and Methods:
Two hundred kidney transplant candidates at a referral center in 2014–2017 were included in this study. TST and Quantiferon-Gold (QFT-G) tests were performed for all patients before transplantation. In case of a positive result in any of the tests, patients were administered a 9-month prophylaxis treatment using isoniazid. Cohen's kappa coefficient (k) test was used to determine the agreement between the two tests.

Results:
The mean age of patients was 40.72 ± 18.33. Nine (4.5%) patients had positive TST and 16 (8%) had positive IGRA. Concordance of the two tests was evaluated as medium (κ = 0.44 and P < 0.001). No association was found between the underlying causes of renal failure and skin test positive or IGRA. The tests showed a poor agreement among diabetics, candidates of re-transplantation, and those who were on dialysis for longer than a year (κ < 0.20).

Conclusion:
TST or IGRA can be used to screen TB in kidney transplant candidates with a moderate agreement. However, we suggest using both TST and QFT-G in diabetics, re-transplant candidates, and those on dialysis for >1 year.
Prevalence and 5-year incidence rate of dyslipidemia and its association with other coronary artery disease risk factors in Iran
Authors: Najafipour Hamid , Yousefzadeh Gholamreza , Baneshi Mohammad Reza , Gohari Milad Ahmadi , Shahouzehi Beydolah , Farokhi Mitra Shadkam , Mirzazadeh Ali 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Dyslipidemia (DL) is an important risk factor of coronary artery disease (CAD). We evaluated DL prevalence and its 5-year incidence rate in southeastern Iran, to assess the severity and growth rate of this CAD risk factor in the region.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a part of the Kerman CAD Risk Factors Study Phase 2 (2014–2018) among 9996 individuals aged 15–80 years, from whom 2820 individuals had also participated in Phase 1 (2009–2011). In mg/dl, cholesterol ≥240 and/or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥160 and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 for men and <50 for women and/or triglyceride >200 were defined as DL.

Results:
The lipid profile of 9911 persons was analyzed. Overall 19.6% had borderline cholesterol and 6.4% suffered from hypercholesterolemia. 56.6% of the population (62.5% of females vs. 48.5% of males) suffer from DL, from whom 73.4% were undiagnosed. Female gender, advanced age, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, anxiety, and depression predicted DL in the study population. The prevalence of DL was significantly lower in Phase 2 (56.6%) compared to Phase 1 (81.4%). The prevalence of undiagnosed DL (UDL) and diagnosed DL (DDL) was 40.7% and 16.2%, respectively. The 5-year incidence rate of DL was 2.58 persons/100 person-years (3.24 in females vs. 2.20 in males).

Conclusion:
Although there were promising signs of a reduction in DL and increase in DDL in the last 5 years, a high percentage of the population have DL yet, from whom mostly are undiagnosed. DL was significantly associated with other CAD risk factors. Therefore, the health-care management system should improve its strategies to reduce the health burden of DL.
The association between serum TSH concentration whithin the normal range and nutritional status in euthyroid pregnant women at the first trimester of gestation
Authors: Mardanian Farahnaz , Goodarzi-Khoigani Masoomeh , Mahmoodabad Seyed Saeed Mazloomy , Moghadam Mohammad Hossein Baghiani , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Feizi Awat , Allameh Zahra , Molavi Sajedeh 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Follow-up studies have shown an increased risk of thyroid dysfunction in individuals with normal serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Furthermore, the possible consequences of minor differences in thyroid function (without achieving poor thyroid function) in the risk of weight gain during pregnancy are questionable, too. The production of TSH is under the hypothalamus–pituitary control, and food is one of the most effective environmental agents that control hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis activity. Regarding the few available studies, we assessed the association of minor variations of TSH concentrations and nutritional status in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study was performed on 150 primiparous healthy women. Demographic and family characteristics were collected using a researcher-administered questionnaire. Nutrients intake were extracted from a 72-h recall, and physical activity scores were determined by the pregnancy physical activity scale.

Results:
The prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) (β =0.022, P = 0.004) and participants' weight at 6–10 weeks of gestation (β =0.006, P = 0.024) were positively associated with TSH concentrations, while total physical activity score was negatively correlated (β = [FIGURE DASH]0.006, P = 0.047). We did not find any significant association between TSH values and energy-adjusted nutrients intake (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
We suggest that differences in TSH concentrations within normal range in the first trimester are correlated with gaining weight, physical activity level, and prepregnancy BMI. TSH concentration and consequently thyroid function may influence on gestational weight gain or vice versa.
Factors associated with adherence to treatment in Iranian patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Forouzan Zohre , Gholamrezaie Ali , Nasimi Hasan , Faramarzi Mohammad , Bagheri-Ghalehsalimi Amin , Nourian Seyed-mohammadamin , Fereidan-Esfahani Mahboobeh , Emami Mohammadhasan 
Published: October 2021

Background:
In this study, we investigated several socioeconomic, clinical, and psychological factors associated with medication adherence in a sample of Iranian patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted on 110 IBD patients from 2013 to 2014 in Isfahan, Iran. The patients were invited to complete three anonymous questionnaires including the Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) for assessing the levels of anxiety and depression; IBD Questionnaire-Short Form (IBDQ-9) for the quality of life; and a visual analog scale assessing the medication adherence. A self-assessment adherence rate of more than 80% was considered “appropriate adherence.”

Results:
Overall, 99 patients completed the questionnaires. Among them, 77.8% reportedly adhered to their medications. There was no statistical difference between adherence and nonadherence rates in terms of gender, educational status, disease type, disease severity, and family history of IBD. Conversely, single patients (100% vs. 74.1%; P = 0.03), nonsmokers (79.4% vs. 0.0%; P = 0.04), patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs (100% vs. 71.9%; P = 0.01), and corticosteroids (95.1% vs. 65.5%; P = 0.01) were more likely to be adhered than their counterparts. No differences emerged in terms of the mean HADS scores in either of the sexes. The mean IBDQ-9 score was significantly higher in adhered patients only in females (31.08 ± 11.6 vs. 24.7 ± 9.1; P = 0.04) but not in males.

Conclusion:
The adherence rate in our study is almost similar to developed countries. Single marital status, not smoking, receiving corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs, and higher IBDQ-9 score in females are associated with higher adherence rate.
Immunologic markers, vasculitis-associated autoantibodies, and complement levels in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Mobini Maryam , Ghasemian Roya , Vahedi Larijani Laleh , Mataji Maede , Maleki Iradj 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a virus which can lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 (SARS-COV-2). There are evidences of involvement of immune system in pathogenesis of this disease. We investigated the presence of various vasculitis-associated autoantibodies and complement levels in patients with COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
Patients with severe or critical type of COVID-19 were evaluated for symptoms, signs, and laboratory tests of vasculitis syndromes including rheumatoid factor (RF), antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-double-stranded DNA, c and p anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (c ANCA and P ANCA), and complement levels.

Results:
The study was performed in forty patients with severe or critical illness. The mean age of the participants was 48.5 ± 9.8 years. All patients had pulmonary involvement in lung computed tomography scans. Vasculitis laboratory test results included RF in two patients, ANA in three patients, and ANCA in one patient. Seventeen (42.5%) patients had hypocomplementemia in one or more complement tests. Four patients expired, of whom three had a decrease in complement level.

Conclusion:
Decrease in complement levels may predict a critical state of COVID-19 disease. Therefore, measuring its levels may be of great benefit in making earlier decisions to initiate disease-suppressing treatments including corticosteroids.
Apolipoprotein B gene mutation related to familial hypercholesterolemia in an Iranian population
Authors: Vaseghi Golnaz , Malakoutikhah Zahra , Shafiee Zahra , Gharipour Mojgan , Shariati Laleh , Sadeghian Ladan , Khosravi Elham , Javanmard Shaghayegh Haghjooy , Pourmoghaddas Ali , Laher Ismail , Zarfeshani Sonia , Sarrafzadegan Nizal 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) leads to elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in plasma. Mutations of its related gene; apolipoprotein B (APOB) is seen in about two percent of the patient with FH. Thyroid disease is usually part of the exclusion criteria for the detection of FH which alters the lipid profile. We evaluated mutations in the APOB gene in patients with high LDL-C levels.

Materials and Methods:
Patients aged between 2 and 80 years with at least one LDL-C level of more than 190 mg/dl were selected (120 patients) from Isfahan Laboratories. Blood samples were obtained from all patients. Genomic DNA was extracted. Primer sequences were designed by Oligo 7.60 to amplify the desired 844 bp region of exon 26 of the APOB gene containing R3500Q and R3500W variants associated with FH.

Results:
Overall, two patients showed a heterozygous form of a common pathogenic variant in exon 26 named c. 10579 C > T (R3500W, cDNA.10707), and one patient was hypothyroidism. We also recognized another nonpathognomonic variant c. 10913G > A (rs1801701, cDNA.11041) in 13 patients, two of them were hypothyroidism.

Conclusion:
This study for the first time shows the coexistence of APOB mutation in hypothyroidism, which emphasis screening of patients with hypothyroid for FH detection.
The Effects of Host Availability and Fitness on Aedes albopictus Blood Feeding Patterns in New York
Authors: Fikrig Kara , Martin Elisabeth , Dang Sharon , St Fleur Kimberly , Goldsmith Henry , Qu Sophia , Rosenthal Hannah , Pitcher Sylvie , Harrington Laura C. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT.
Aedes albopictus is a competent vector of numerous pathogens, representing a range of transmission cycles involving unique hosts. Despite the important status of this vector, variation in its feeding patterns is poorly understood. We examined the feeding patterns of Ae. albopictus utilizing resting collections in Long Island, NY, and contextualized blood meal sources with host availability measured by household interviews and camera traps. We identified 90 blood meals, including 29 humans, 22 cats, 16 horses, 12 opossums, 5 dogs, 2 goats, and 1 each of rabbit, rat, squirrel, and raccoon. This is only the third study of Ae. albopictus blood feeding biology that quantitatively assessed domestic host availability and is the first to do so with wild animals. Host feeding indices showed that cats and dogs were fed upon disproportionately often compared with humans. Forage ratios suggested a tendency to feed on cats and opossums and to avoid raccoons, squirrels, and birds. This feeding pattern was different from another published study from Baltimore, where Ae. albopictus fed more often on rats than humans. To understand whether these differences were because of host availability or mosquito population variation, we compared the fitness of New York and Baltimore Ae. albopictus after feeding on rat and human blood. In addition, we examined fitness within the New York population after feeding on human, rat, cat, horse, and opossum blood. Together, our results do not indicate major mosquito fitness differences by blood hosts, suggesting that fitness benefits do not drive Northeastern Ae. albopictus feeding patterns.
Residence Time, Water Contact, and Age-driven Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Hotspot Communities in Uganda
Authors: Moses Arinaitwe , Adriko Moses , Kibwika Brian , Tukahebwa Edridah M. , Faust Christina L. , Lamberton Poppy H. L. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT.
Schistosomiasis is the second most important parasitic infection after malaria in terms of its socioeconomic impact and is endemic in 78 countries. It affects more than 240 million people worldwide, with 90% of cases occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. In Uganda, Schistosoma mansoni is the most common species, with more than seven million people infected and 17 million living at risk despite mass drug administration (MDA) of praziquantel initiated more than 16 years ago. There has been a shift in the WHO schistosomiasis goals from controlling morbidity to elimination as a public health problem. Understanding the drivers of infection in persistent transmission hotspots despite ongoing control interventions is paramount. We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological study of 381 individuals in Bugoto community, Mayuge district, Eastern Uganda, along with a structured survey to ascertain drivers of S. mansoni infection. Bugoto has had community-wide MDA since 2004. We detected a S. mansoni prevalence of 52% across the whole community and a prevalence of 71% in school-age children. This qualifies Bugoto as a highly endemic community according to WHO guidelines. Using a multivariate logistic regression, we found that S. mansoni infection was best explained by age group, longer residence times, and any daily contact with lake water. Schistosoma mansoni infection remains a large burden across this community. This study identifies opportunities for interventions that reduce lake water contact, expand treatment eligibility to all at risk, and improve MDA coverage for long-term residents in these settings to control schistosomiasis in persistent transmission hotspots.
A Global Crowdsourcing Open Call to Improve Research Mentorship in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Mixed Methods Analysis
Authors: Oppong Emmanuela , Bao Huanyu , Tang Weiming , Echavarria Mejia María I. , Glozah Franklin , Asanga Nsisong , Boinett Christine J. , Aguilar Ana M. , Valido Ezra , Lestari Trisasi , Tucker Joseph D. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT.
Research mentoring programs are limited in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The TDR Global initiated a global crowdsourcing open call soliciting proposals on how to improve research mentorship in LMICs. The purpose of this study is to examine ideas submitted to this open call to identify the ways to improve research mentorship in LMICs. Open calls have a group of individuals solve all or part of a problem and then share solutions. A WHO/TDR/SESH crowdsourcing guide was used to structure the open call. Each submission was judged by three independent individuals on a 1–10 scale. Textual submissions were extracted from eligible proposals and qualitatively analyzed via inductive and deductive coding techniques to identify themes. The open call received 123 submissions from 40 countries in Asia (49), Africa (38), Latin America (26), and Europe (10). Among all participants, 108 (87%) had research experience. A total of 21 submissions received a mean score of 7/10 or higher. Our thematic analysis identified three overarching themes related to prementoring, facilitation, and evaluation. Prementoring establishes mentor–mentee compatibility to lay foundations for mentorship. Facilitation involves iterative cycles of planning, communication, and skill improvement. Evaluation creates commitment and accountability within a framework of monitoring. This global crowdsourcing open call generated numerous mentorship ideas, including LMIC-contextualized facilitation tools. The open call demonstrates a need for greater focus on mentorship. Our data may inform the development of formal and informal mentoring programs in LMIC settings.
O "PROJETO CORES", MATISSE E A INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Delunardo Cláudio Severino , Perroud Verônica Aparecida de Almeida Silva 
Published: October 2021

O estudo teve como objetivo descrever o trabalho interdisciplinar denominado “Projeto Cores”, que realizou ações psicomotoras e recreativas nas aulas de Educação Física, concomitante com atividades de pinturas e colagens realizadas em sala de aula. O Projeto teve o intuito de proporcionar aos alunos o reconhecimento das cores que estão presentes em todos os ambientes em que vivem. Notou-se que o salutar entrosamento das Artes com a Educação Física, amparado pelo movimento lúdico e o cabedal de informações associadas aos objetivos do "Projeto Cores" proporcionou às crianças envolvidas aspectos relacionados ao seu desenvolvimento psicomotor e, também, atividades que contribuíram para um aprimoramento da sensibilidade, tão necessária à contemplação e á compreensão do espaço do qual fazemos parte.
UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA SOBRE O EMPREENDEDORISMO BASEADO NO MODELO DE NEGÓCIO DE FRANQUIAS
Authors: Do Espirito Santo Adilson Gustavo , Dos Santos Moacir José 
Published: October 2021

O sistema de franquias cresce no Brasil e representa uma força no mercado nacional. Desde a sua chegada no Brasil que o modelo de negócios de franquias é associado ao termo empreendedorismo, O objetivo principal deste trabalho é realizar uma análise crítica entre a relação do franqueado e franqueador, mostrando os principais problemas que ocasionam o fechamento de unidades franqueadas, tendo como base os anos de 2011 e 2015, época em que o país passou por um crescimento moderado. O método fundamenta-se em pesquisa documental, com os dados coletados, analisados e apresentados de forma estruturada. Os resultados apresentam a influência da economia, devido o crescimento moderado do país, fazendo com que o funcionário demitido procurasse outra fonte de renda, usando com isto, os seus recursos próprios. Mas esta necessidade de obter uma segunda renda, alinhada com a vontade do empresário franqueador em obter mais lucro através de abertura de novas unidades, trouxe problemas para no relacionamento destas partes.
Inertização de zinco presente em resíduo perigoso por meio do uso de produtos industriais
Authors: Santos Andre Marques dos 
Published: October 2021

Com o objetivo de reduzir o potencial poluente de um resíduo ácido contaminado proveniente da Cia Mercantil e Industrial Ingá, depositado de forma inadequada às margens da Baía de Sepetiba – Itaguaí - RJ, foram testados a capacidade de ação de três produtos industriais na inertização de metais pesados. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, totalizando trinta unidades experimentais. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: Resíduo Contaminado (Resíduo Ingá) (Testemunha), Resíduo Contaminado + Produto 1 (0,5%), Resíduo Contaminado + Produto 1 (2,0%), Resíduo Contaminado + Produto 1 (5,0%), Resíduo Contaminado + Produto 2 (0,9%), Resíduo Contaminado + Produto 2 (2,4%), Resíduo Contaminado + Produto 2 (3,8%), Resíduo Contaminado + Produto 3 (0,3%), Resíduo Contaminado + Produto 3 (1,2 %) E Resíduo Contaminado + Produto 3 (2,2 %). Durante o experimento foram retiradas amostras de cada tratamento nos tempos de 0, 20, 40 e 60 dias, e em cada amostra foram realizadas determinações de pH (1: 2,5) e extrações simples. A partir das concentrações de Zn obtidas nas extrações, estimou-se as concentrações de Zn nas diferentes formas químicas. Os inertizantes utilizados foram capazes de reduzir a solubilidade do Zn, reduzindo seus efeitos maléficos ao ambiente.