bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sweetness is in the ear of the beholder: chord preference across United Kingdom and Pakistani listeners
Authors: Lahdelma Imre , Athanasopoulos George , Eerola Tuomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe majority of research in the field of music perception has been conducted with Western participants, and it has remained unclear which aspects of music perception are culture dependent, and which are universal. The current study compared how participants unfamiliar with Western music (people from the Khowar and Kalash tribes native to Northwest Pakistan with minimal exposure to Western music) perceive affect (positive versus negative) in musical chords compared with United Kingdom (UK) listeners, as well as the overall preference for these chords. The stimuli consisted of four distinct chord types (major, minor, augmented, and chromatic) and were played as both vertical blocks (pitches presented concurrently) and arpeggios (pitches presented successively). The results suggest that the Western listener major‐positive minor‐negative affective distinction is opposite for Northwest Pakistani listeners, arguably because of the reversed prevalence of these chords in the two music cultures. The aversion to the harsh dissonance of the chromatic cluster is present cross‐culturally, but the preference for the consonance of the major triad varies between UK and Northwest Pakistani listeners, depending on cultural familiarity. Our findings imply not only notable cultural variation but also commonalities in chord perception across Western and non‐Western listeners.
Prevalence of bradyarrhythmias needing pacing in COVID‐19
Authors: Akhtar Zaki , Leung Lisa WM , Kontogiannis Christos , Zuberi Zia , Bajpai Abhay , Sharma Sumeet , Chen Zhong , Beeton Ian , Sohal Manav , Gallagher Mark M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Sars‐Cov‐2 infection is a multisystem illness that can affect the cardiovascular system. Tachyarrhythmias have been reported but the prevalence of bradyarrhythmia is unclear. Cases have been described of transient high‐degree atrioventricular (AV) block in COVID‐19 that were managed conservatively.MethodA database of all patients requiring temporary or permanent pacing in two linked cardiac centers was used to compare the number of procedures required during the first year of the pandemic compared to the corresponding period a year earlier. The database was cross‐referenced with a database of all patients testing positive for Sars‐Cov‐2 infection in both institutions to identify patients who required temporary or permanent pacing during COVID‐19.ResultsThe number of novel pacemaker implants was lower during the COVID‐19 pandemic than the same period the previous year (540 vs. 629, respectively), with a similar proportion of high‐degree AV block (38.3% vs. 33.2%, respectively, p = .069). Four patients with the Sars‐Cov‐2 infection had a pacemaker implanted for high‐degree AV block, two for sinus node dysfunction. Of this cohort of six patients, two succumbed to the COVID‐19 illness and one from non‐COVID sepsis. Device interrogation demonstrated a sustained pacing requirement in all cases.ConclusionHigh‐degree AV block remained unaltered in prevalence during the COVID‐19 pandemic. There was no evidence of transient high‐degree AV block in patients with the Sars‐Cov‐2 infection. Our experience suggests that all clinically significant bradyarrhythmia should be treated by pacing according to usual protocols regardless of the COVID status.
Mining of a major QTL and novel genes conferring resistance to SC3 and SC7 strains in soybean
Authors: Chu Jiahao , Li Wenlong , Piao Dongri , Kong Youbin , Du Hui , Lin Feng , Li Xihuan , Zhang Caiying 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSoybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a serious disease in soybean production, and the cultivation of resistant variety is the irreplaceable strategy to decrease the virus damage. However, the progress of SMV molecular breeding is limited partly due to the diverse types of SMV strains, solely resistance to virus strain of variety and minor genetic effects of QTLs. In the present study, one major pleiotropic additive QTL, qSMV‐D1b, with phenotypic variation explained that 27.04%–54.23% was identified on chromosome 2, and the favourable allele was from the resistant parent “Qihuang30”. Meanwhile, the allele analysis of the flanking markers showed that the favourable genotypes presented high resistance to SC3 and SC7 strains with lower disease index, while the unfavourable genotypes presented high sensitivity with higher disease index. Furthermore, six candidate genes, including four novel resistance genes, Glyma.02G121000, Glyma.02G123000, Glyma.02G123200 and Glyma.02G124700 with different expression levels between resistant and sensitive parents were discovered through transcriptome sequencing and confirmed by quantitative real‐time PCR. The resistance genes and the tightly linked molecular markers can be used for SMV breeding in soybean.
Membranous HEG1 expression is a useful marker in the differential diagnosis of epithelioid and biphasic malignant mesothelioma versus carcinomas
Authors: Hiroshima Kenzo , Wu Di , Koh Eitetsu , Sekine Yasuo , Ozaki Daisuke , Yusa Toshikazu , Nakazawa Tadao , Tsuji Shoutaro , Miyagi Yohei , Walts Ann E. , Marchevsky Alberto M. , Husain Aliya N. , Imai Kohzoh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSialylated HEG1 has been reported as a highly specific and sensitive mesothelioma marker but a comprehensive evaluation of its expression in carcinomas in different organs, various sarcomas and reactive mesothelial proliferations has not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical applicability of HEG1 as a marker in the diagnosis of mesothelioma. HEG1 immunoreactivity was evaluated in whole sections of 122 mesotheliomas, 75 pulmonary carcinomas, 55 other carcinomas, 16 mesenchymal tumors, and 24 reactive mesothelial proliferations and in tissue microarrays containing 70 epithelioid (EM), 36 biphasic (BM), and 2 sarcomatoid mesotheliomas (SM). In whole sections and tissue microarrays, respectively, membranous HEG1 was expressed in 93.0% and 85.5% of EM, 81.3% and 69.4% of BM, 0% and 0% of SM. HEG1 was not expressed in pulmonary adenocarcinomas. HEG1 was expressed as cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas (21.7%). Membranous HEG1 staining was seen in ovarian carcinomas (66.7%), thyroid carcinomas (100%), reactive conditions (16.7%), and mesenchymal tumors (18.8%). The sensitivity of membranous HEG1 expression to distinguish EM/BM from all carcinomas was 88.8%. The specificity for the differential diagnosis between EM/BM and all carcinomas and pulmonary carcinomas was 92.3% and 98.7%, respectively.
PLUS Framework: guidance for practice educators
Authors: Dancza Karina , Copley Jodie , Moran Monica 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBackgroundThe practice educator role is complex and becoming more so with changes in placement configurations since the COVID‐19 pandemic. The role requires practitioners to manage clinical activities while providing learning opportunities and supervision for students. This can be time‐consuming in often stretched clinical settings. This research investigated how experienced practice educators in occupational therapy tailored their approach to supporting student learning to make the most of limited supervision time. The results were developed into the Professional Learning through Useful Support (PLUS) Framework, which revealed how experienced practice educators focused their supervisory approach with students to maximise learning.MethodsAn Action Research methodology was used across four cycles. Semi‐structured interviews and naturally occurring placement documentation were gathered to determine the critical features of practice educator supervision. Template analysis was used to explore the approaches employed by practice educators to support student learning. Key focal points were linked and situated within educational theory to create the PLUS Framework.FindingsThree key focal points for practice educators were identified: (1) guiding learning, (2) making the theory‐to‐practice links explicit and (3) supportively challenging students.DiscussionThe PLUS Framework is an educational tool that describes a set of guidance strategies used by skilled practice educators, whilst acknowledging the critical influences of workplace and university contexts. The proposed key features could be useful target areas for busy practice educators to help make the most of limited supervision time. Future research will explore the PLUS Framework in different countries and professions’ practice education environments.
Assessment of Liaison XL Murex Chagas diagnostic performance in blood screening for Chagas disease using a reference array of chimeric antigens
Authors: Santos Emily F. , Leony Leonardo M. , Silva Ângelo A. O. , Daltro Ramona T. , Freitas Natália E. M. , Vasconcelos Larissa C. M. , de Araújo Fernando L. V. , Celedon Paola A. F. , Krieger Marco A. , Zanchin Nilson I. T. , Santos Fred L. N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundChagas disease (CD) serological screening at blood banks is usually performed by a single highly sensitive serological assay, with chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIAs) being the method of choice. CLIAs employ recombinant, fusion peptides and/or chimeric antigens that selectively capture anti‐Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies. However, despite high sensitivity, the ability of these tests to identify CD‐positive cases should be evaluated against T. cruzi strains circulating in specific locales. Herein, we used a latent class analysis (LCA) approach employing an array of four chimeric antigens to assess the diagnostic performance of the Liaison XL Murex Chagas CLIA for the detection of anti‐T. cruzi IgG in serum samples.Study Design and MethodsThe study included a panel of 5014 serum samples collected from volunteer blood donors at the Hematology and Hemotherapy Foundation of the State of Bahia, submitted to anti‐T. cruzi antibody detection using Liaison Chagas CLIA and LCA as a reference test in the absence of a gold standard.ResultsLCA classified 4993 samples as negative, while positivity for T. cruzi antibodies was predicted in 21 samples. Compared with LCA, CLIA demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 76.2% and 99.5%, respectively, providing an overall accuracy of 99.4%.DiscussionIn blood banks lacking a de facto highly sensitive screening immunoassay, the low sensitivity offered by Liaison Chagas CLIA renders it unsuitable for standalone use in serological screening procedures for CD. Moreover, blood banks are encouraged to carefully assess the ability of diagnostic methods to identify local T. cruzi strains in circulation.
Concentrations of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 and hyaluronic acid in canine amniotic membranes cryopreserved for different time points and its effects in dogs with complicated corneal ulcers
Authors: Dower Nathalie Moro Bassil , Ribeiro Alexandre Pinto , Gomes Lianna Ghisi , de Cássia Martini Andresa , Taques Isis Indaiara Gonçalves Granjeiro , de Almeida Sayanne Luns Hatum , da Silva Mayara Inácio Vincenzi , de Aguiar Daniel Moura 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the concentrations of total protein (TP), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in amniotic membranes (AMs) harvested from placentas of bitches of different ages and cryopreserved for different time points. The outcomes of complicated corneal defects of dogs repaired with AMs stored for the same time points were also evaluated.ProceduresTen cryopreserved canine AMs were stored for short term (2–50 days), middle term (92–210 days), or long term (256–357 days). TP was quantified by Bradford’s test, whereas TIMP‐1 and HA were quantified by ELISA. Twenty‐one dogs that had an AM transplantation to restore deep or perforating corneal wounds were selected.ResultsTIMP‐1 levels were lower in AMs cryopreserved for middle term (p = .02) and long term (p = .0009), when compared to AMs stored for short term. TP (p = .39) and HA (p = .18) concentrations in AMs did not differ among the storage time. TIMP‐1 concentration in AMs correlated with storage time (R = −.65, p < .0001), while TP (R = −.33, p = .07) and HA concentrations did not (R = −.15, p = .41). The age of donors did not correlate with the components evaluated in the AMs. Corneal defects repaired with AMs stored for short term healed sooner than the ones repaired with AMs stored for middle (p < .01) and long term (p = .02). Additionally, TIMP‐1 levels in AMs correlated negatively with the epithelization time (R = −.62, p = .002). Graft opacity was severe in 55% of cases. However, the HA levels in AMs correlated negatively with the opacification score (R = −.47, p = .03). Vision was observed in more patients who presented deep ulcers and descemetoceles, than in the ones with perforations (p = .004).ConclusionsTIMP‐1 concentration in canine AMs significantly decreased over a year storage time, while TP and HA concentrations did not change during the same period. The age of donors did not correlate with the components evaluated in the AMs. Complicated corneal defects repaired with AMs cryopreserved for short term healed sooner and tended to be less opaque; however, satisfactory to optimal outcomes were achieved even in the eyes repaired with AMs stored for up to a year.
The diagnostic yield of advanced imaging in dogs with Horner's syndrome presenting with and without additional clinical signs: A retrospective study of 120 cases (2000–2018)
Authors: Lockhart Rachel L. , Tzouganakis Ioannis , Tsvetanova Agata , Smith Kerry M. , Smith Peter M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic yield of advanced imaging in dogs with Horner's syndrome (HS) both with and without additional clinical signs.MethodsRetrospective review of clinical records from a UK referral hospital (2000–2018). Cases were excluded if HS was trauma‐ or surgery‐related and if no advanced imaging with MRI or CT was performed. Imaging findings were assessed as well as any additional investigations performed.ResultsOne hundred twenty cases met the inclusion criteria; 88 with additional clinical signs and 32 with isolated HS. MRI or CT of head and neck was performed in 115 cases and/or thoracic CT in eight cases. Causative lesions were identified in 98% (86/88) of cases with additional clinical signs and 3% (1/32) of cases with isolated HS. This was statistically significant (p < .001). Pharmacological localization using phenylephrine (0.1%–10%) was accurate in predicting the site of a causative lesion in 79% (19/24) of tested cases. Overall, 28% (33/120) of cases were idiopathic, of which 49% (16/33) were golden retrievers. When compared to the overall hospital population, and UK Kennel Club records, this confirmed a significant predisposition in this breed (p < .001). No associations between idiopathic HS and concurrent systemic disease were identified.ConclusionThis is the first study to evaluate the diagnostic yield of advanced imaging in dogs with HS. Isolated HS is significantly more likely to be idiopathic than cases presenting with additional clinical signs; this could guide decision‐making regarding further investigations performed in a clinical setting. Idiopathic HS is over‐represented in the golden retriever.
Analysis of environmental dust in goat and sheep farms to assess Coxiella burnetii infection in a Q fever endemic area: Geographical distribution, relationship with human cases and genotypes
Authors: Zendoia Ion I. , Barandika Jesús F. , Hurtado Ana , López Ceferino M. , Alonso Eva , Beraza Xabier , Ocabo Blanca , García‐Pérez Ana L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReal‐time PCR analysis of environmental samples (dust and aerosols) is an easy tool to investigate the presence of Coxiella burnetii in the farm environment. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of C. burnetii DNA in dust collected inside animal premises from 272 small ruminant farms in Bizkaia (northern Spain), a region with recent reports of human Q fever cases and outbreaks. Within each farm, 5 samples of dust were collected from difference surfaces, and data on animal census, management procedures, characteristics of the premises and geographic location were collected. Real‐time PCR analysis of the dust samples detected presence of C. burnetii DNA in 98 farms (36.0%), flock‐prevalence being higher in sheep (38.9%) or mixed ovine‐caprine production systems (36.8%), compared to goats (25.0%). Larger bacterial burdens were observed in mixed farms, compared to sheep (p < .05). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis identified 5 different genotypes, with SNP8 being the predominant genotype (73%), followed by SNP6 (11%), SNP2 (9%), SNP4 (5%) and SNP1 (2%). Proportion of farms where C. burnetii DNA was detected differed among the different agricultural counties, and a higher proportion of C. burnetii DNA positive farms was associated with the occurrence of recent human Q fever outbreaks at several geographical locations. Dust sampling in domestic ruminant farms coupled with real‐time PCR to screen for the presence of C. burnetii and estimate bacterial load can be a useful tool to identify herds and regions with high prevalence, define priority actions and monitor the effect of control measures. If combined with molecular genotyping and spatial distribution maps, it can help to identify farm contamination sources and trace the origin of human outbreaks.
Priorities and Indicators for Economic Evaluation of Built Environment Interventions to Promote Physical Activity
Authors: Cradock Angie L. , Buchner David , Zaganjor Hatidza , Thomas John V. , Sallis James F. , Rose Kenneth , Meehan Leslie , Lawson Megan , Lavinghouze René , Fenton Mark , Devlin Heather M. , Carlson Susan A. , Bhattacharya Torsha , Fulton Janet E. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Built environment approaches to promoting physical activity can provide economic value to communities. How best to assess this value is uncertain. This study engaged experts to identify a set of key economic indicators useful for evaluation, research, and public health practice. Methods: Using a modified Delphi process, a multidisciplinary group of experts participated in (1) one of 5 discussion groups (n = 21 experts), (2) a 2-day facilitated workshop (n = 19 experts), and/or (3) online surveys (n = 16 experts). Results: Experts identified 73 economic indicators, then used a 5-point scale to rate them on 3 properties: measurement quality, feasibility of use by a community, and influence on community decision making. Twenty-four indicators were highly rated (≥3.9 on all properties). The 10 highest-rated “key” indicators were walkability score, residential vacancy rate, housing affordability, property tax revenue, retail sales per square foot, number of small businesses, vehicle miles traveled per capita, employment, air quality, and life expectancy. Conclusion: This study identified key economic indicators that could characterize the economic value of built environment approaches to promoting physical activity. Additional work could demonstrate the validity, feasibility, and usefulness of these key indicators, in particular to inform decisions about community design.
Nonlocal spatiotemporal representation in the hippocampus of freely flying bats
Authors: Dotson Nicholas M. , Yartsev Michael M. 
Published: July 2021

Representing space in past and future
As an organism moves through space, its brain has to remember its most recent location and anticipate its future position, not just its current place in the world. Earlier studies reported so-called retrospective and prospective place coding in rats while they were running along linear tracks. However, it would be advantageous to study an animal that rapidly moves through three-dimensional space with high precision. Dotson and Yartsev recorded from flying bats to investigate whether place cell activity in hippocampus area CA1 represents local (current) or nonlocal positions. They discovered that the hippocampus not only encodes the bat's present location but also signals its positions in the past and future.

Science
, abg1278, this issue p.
242
Social and ethnic group differences in healthcare use by children aged 0–14 years: a population-based cohort study in England from 2007 to 2017
Authors: Coughlan Charles Hamish , Ruzangi Judith , Neale Francesca K , Nezafat Maldonado Behrouz , Blair Mitch , Bottle Alex , Saxena Sonia , Hargreaves Dougal 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo describe social and ethnic group differences in children’s use of healthcare services in England, from 2007 to 2017.DesignPopulation-based retrospective cohort study.Setting/PatientsWe performed individual-level linkage of electronic health records from general practices and hospitals in England by creating an open cohort linking data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics. 1 484 455 children aged 0–14 years were assigned to five composite ethnic groups and five ordered groups based on postcode mapped to index of multiple deprivation.Main outcome measuresAge-standardised annual general practitioner (GP) consultation, outpatient attendance, emergency department (ED) visit and emergency and elective hospital admission rates per 1000 child-years.ResultsIn 2016/2017, children from the most deprived group had fewer GP consultations (1765 vs 1854 per 1000 child-years) and outpatient attendances than children in the least deprived group (705 vs 741 per 1000 child-years). At the end of the study period, children from the most deprived group had more ED visits (447 vs 314 per 1000 child-years) and emergency admissions (100 vs 76 per 1000 child-years) than children from the least deprived group.In 2016/2017, children from black and Asian ethnic groups had more GP consultations than children from white ethnic groups (1961 and 2397 vs 1824 per 1000 child-years, respectively). However, outpatient attendances were lower in children from black ethnic groups than in children from white ethnic groups (732 vs 809 per 1000 child-years). By 2016/2017, there were no differences in outpatient, ED and in-patient activity between children from white and Asian ethnic groups.ConclusionsBetween 2007 and 2017, children living in more deprived areas of England made greater use of emergency services and received less scheduled care than children from affluent neighbourhoods. Children from Asian and black ethnic groups continued to consult GPs more frequently than children from white ethnic groups, though black children had significantly lower outpatient attendance rates than white children across the study period. Our findings suggest substantial levels of unmet need among children living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. Further work is needed to determine if healthcare utilisation among children from Asian and black ethnic groups is proportionate to need.