bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IQGAP3 Overexpression Correlates With Poor Prognosis and Radiation Therapy Resistance in Breast Cancer
Authors: Hua Xin , Long Zhi-Qing , Guo Ling , Wen Wen , Huang Xin , Zhang Wen-Wen , Lin Huan-Xin 
Published: January 2021

Background: IQ motif-containing GTPase activating protein 3 (IQGAP3), the latest identified member of the IQGAP family, may act as a crucial factor in cancer development and progression; however, its clinical value in breast cancer remains unestablished. We explored the correlation between IQGAP3 expression profile and the clinicopathological features in breast cancer.Methods: IQGAP3 mRNA and protein levels were detected in breast cancer cell lines and tumor tissues by real-time PCR and western blotting and compared to the normal control groups. Protein expression of IQGAP3 was also evaluated immunohistochemically in archived paraffin-embedded specimens from 257 breast cancer patients, and the associations between IQGAP3 expression level, clinical characteristics, and prognosis were analyzed. We assessed the relationship between IQGAP3 expression and sensitivity to radiation therapy which was determined by subgroup analysis.Results: IQGAP3 was significantly upregulated in breast cancer cell lines and human tumor tissues at both the mRNA and protein level compared to controls. Additionally, high levels of IQGAP3 expression were detected in 110/257 (42.8%) of archived paraffin-embedded breast cancer specimens. High IQGAP3 expression level was significantly related to clinical stage (p = 0.001), T category (p = 0.002), N category (p = 0.001), locoregional recurrence (p = 0.002), distant metastasis (p = 0.001), and vital status (p = 0.001). Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis showed that IQGAP3 expression was an independent prognostic factor among all 257 breast cancer patients in our cohort (p = 0.003, p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed IQGAP3 expression correlated with radioresistance and was also an independent predictor of radiotherapy outcome.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that high IQGAP3 expression predicts poor prognosis and radioresistance in breast cancer. Therefore, IQGAP3 may be a reliable prognostic biomarker in breast cancer and could be used to identify patients who may benefit from radiotherapy.
Phytosterols: From Preclinical Evidence to Potential Clinical Applications
Authors: Salehi Bahare , Quispe Cristina , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Cruz-Martins Natália , Nigam Manisha , Mishra Abhay Prakash , Konovalov Dmitryi Alexeevich , Orobinskaya Valeriya , Abu-Reidah Ibrahim M. , Zam Wissam , Sharopov Farukh , Venneri Tommaso , Capasso Raffaele , Kukula-Koch Wirginia , Wawruszak Anna , Koch Wojciech 
Published: January 2021

Phytosterols (PSs) are plant-originated steroids. Over 250 PSs have been isolated, and each plant species contains a characteristic phytosterol composition. A wide number of studies have reported remarkable pharmacological effects of PSs, acting as chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiatherosclerotic agents. However, PS bioavailability is a key issue, as it can be influenced by several factors (type, source, processing, preparation, delivery method, food matrix, dose, time of administration into the body, and genetic factors), and the existence of a close relationship between their chemical structures (e.g., saturation degree and side-chain length) and low absorption rates has been stated. In this sense, the present review intends to provide in-depth data on PS therapeutic potential for human health, also emphasizing their preclinical effects and bioavailability-related issues.
hiPSC-Derived Neurons Provide a Robust and Physiologically Relevant In Vitro Platform to Test Botulinum Neurotoxins
Authors: Lamotte Juliette Duchesne De , Roqueviere Sylvain , Gautier Hélène , Raban Elsa , Bouré Céline , Fonfria Elena , Krupp Johannes , Nicoleau Camille 
Published: January 2021

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are zinc metalloproteases that block neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Their high affinity for motor neurons combined with a high potency have made them extremely effective drugs for the treatment of a variety of neurological diseases as well as for aesthetic applications. Currentin vitroassays used for testing and developing BoNT therapeutics include primary rodent cells and immortalized cell lines. Both models have limitations concerning accuracy and physiological relevance. In order to improve the translational value of preclinical data there is a clear need to use more accurate models such as human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSC)-derived neuronal models. In this study we have assessed the potential of four different human iPSC-derived neuronal models including Motor Neurons for BoNT testing. We have characterized these models in detail and found that all models express all proteins needed for BoNT intoxication and showed that all four hiPSC-derived neuronal models are sensitive to both serotype A and E BoNT with Motor Neurons being the most sensitive. We showed that hiPSC-derived Motor Neurons expressed authentic markers after only 7 days of culture, are functional and able to form active synapses. When cultivated with myotubes, we demonstrated that they can innervate myotubes and induce contraction, generating anin vitromodel of NMJ showing dose-responsive sensitivity BoNT intoxication. Together, these data demonstrate the promise of hiPSC-derived neurons, especially Motor Neurons, for pharmaceutical BoNT testing and development.
Benefit of Physiologically Variable Over Pressure-Controlled Ventilation in a Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Study
Authors: Dos Santos Rocha Andre , Südy Roberta , Bizzotto Davide , Kassai Miklos , Carvalho Tania , Dellacà Raffaele L. , Peták Ferenc , Habre Walid 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionThe advantages of physiologically variable ventilation (PVV) based on a spontaneous breathing pattern have been demonstrated in several respiratory conditions. However, its potential benefits in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have not yet been characterized. We used an experimental model of COPD to compare respiratory function outcomes after 6 h of PVV versus conventional pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV).Materials and MethodsRabbits received nebulized elastase and lipopolysaccharide throughout 4 weeks. After 30 days, animals were anesthetized, tracheotomized, and randomized to receive 6 h of physiologically variable (n = 8) or conventional PCV (n = 7). Blood gases, respiratory mechanics, and chest fluoroscopy were assessed hourly.ResultsAfter 6 h of ventilation, animals receiving variable ventilation demonstrated significantly higher oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2 441 ± 37 (mean ± standard deviation) versus 354 ± 61 mmHg, p &lt; 0.001) and lower respiratory elastance (359 ± 36 versus 463 ± 81 cmH2O/L, p &lt; 0.01) than animals receiving PCV. Animals ventilated with the variable mode also presented less lung derecruitment (decrease in lung aerated area, –3.4 ± 9.9 versus –17.9 ± 6.7%, p &lt; 0.01) and intrapulmonary shunt fraction (9.6 ± 4.1 versus 17.0 ± 5.8%, p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionPVV applied to a model of COPD improved oxygenation, respiratory mechanics, lung aeration, and intrapulmonary shunt fraction compared to conventional ventilation. A reduction in alveolar derecruitment and lung tissue stress leading to better aeration and gas exchange may explain the benefits of PVV.
Misidentification of Acute Psychiatric Symptoms in the Emergency Room: Clinical Experience in China
Authors: Liu Fang , Chen Jianjun , Du Yang , Jiang Wenxia , Gong Lei , Mu Jun 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Patients who come to the emergency department because of acute psychiatric symptoms are often not admitted to the correct department timely. The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical characteristics of patients with acute psychiatric symptoms in order to achieve early and correct triage in the emergency room.Methodology: We conducted a cross-analysis of inpatients who first came to the emergency department with acute psychiatric symptoms and then admitted to the department of neurology or psychiatry between years 2012 and 2018. Among them, 70 patients were rediagnosed and retransferred, with 38 patients to the department of neurology and 32 patients to the department of psychiatry. The clinical characteristics, laboratory examination, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were analyzed.Results: Patients who were rediagnosed with neurological diseases were more prone to have somatic symptoms (headache, dizziness) (P &lt; 0.05). Because of the atypical early clinical manifestations in the emergency room, fever and positive neurological signs do not necessarily represent the diagnosis of neurological diseases. On the other hand, the absence of these manifestations does not guarantee the diagnosis of psychiatric illness. According to NPI, abnormal behaviors, changes in appetite, and sleep disturbances were more obvious in patients with neurological diseases (P &lt; 0.05), whereas patients with psychiatric disorders often showed prominent irritability (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusions: Acute psychiatric symptoms are usually complex and diverse. The triage and diagnosisshould be based on multiple factors. After triage, clinical symptoms should be dynamically observed.
The Effectiveness of Mental Health Rehabilitation Services: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis
Authors: Dalton-Locke Christian , Marston Louise , McPherson Peter , Killaspy Helen 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Mental health rehabilitation services provide essential support to people with complex and longer term mental health problems. They include inpatient services and community teams providing clinical input to people living in supported accommodation services. This systematic review included international studies evaluating the effectiveness of inpatient and community rehabilitation services.Methods: We searched six online databases for quantitative studies evaluating mental health rehabilitation services that reported on one or both of two outcomes: move-on to a more independent setting (i.e. discharge from an inpatient unit to the community or from a higher to lower level of supported accommodation); inpatient service use. The search was further expanded by screening references and citations of included studies. Heterogeneity between studies was too great to allow meta-analysis and therefore a narrative synthesis was carried out.Results: We included a total of 65 studies, grouped as: contemporary mental health rehabilitation services (n = 34); services for homeless people with severe mental health problems (n = 13); deinstitutionalization programmes (n = 18). The strongest evidence was for services for homeless people. Access to inpatient rehabilitation services was associated with a reduction in acute inpatient service use post discharge. Fewer than one half of people moved on from higher to lower levels of supported accommodation within expected timeframes.Conclusions: Inpatient and community rehabilitation services may reduce the need for inpatient service use over the long term but more high quality research of contemporary rehabilitation services with comparison groups is required.Review registration: This review was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42019133579).
Face Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Simple Protection Tool With Many Meanings
Authors: Martinelli Lucia , Kopilaš Vanja , Vidmar Matjaž , Heavin Ciara , Machado Helena , Todorović Zoran , Buzas Norbert , Pot Mirjam , Prainsack Barbara , Gajović Srećko 
Published: January 2021

Wearing face masks is recommended as part of personal protective equipment and as a public health measure to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Their use, however, is deeply connected to social and cultural practices and has acquired a variety of personal and social meanings. This article aims to identify the diversity of sociocultural, ethical, and political meanings attributed to face masks, how they might impact public health policies, and how they should be considered in health communication. In May 2020, we involved 29 experts of an interdisciplinary research network on health and society to provide their testimonies on the use of face masks in 20 European and 2 Asian countries (China and South Korea). They reflected on regulations in the corresponding jurisdictions as well as the personal and social aspects of face mask wearing. We analyzed those testimonies thematically, employing the method of qualitative descriptive analysis. The analysis framed the four dimensions of the societal and personal practices of wearing (or not wearing) face masks: individual perceptions of infection risk, personal interpretations of responsibility and solidarity, cultural traditions and religious imprinting, and the need of expressing self-identity. Our study points to the importance for an in-depth understanding of the cultural and sociopolitical considerations around the personal and social meaning of mask wearing in different contexts as a necessary prerequisite for the assessment of the effectiveness of face masks as a public health measure. Improving the personal and collective understanding of citizens' behaviors and attitudes appears essential for designing more effective health communications about COVID-19 pandemic or other global crises in the future. To wear a face mask or not to wear a face mask? Nowadays, this question has been analogous to the famous line from Shakespeare's Hamlet: “To be or not to be, that is the question.” This is a bit allegorical, but certainly not far from the current circumstances where a deadly virus is spreading amongst us... Vanja Kopilaš, Croatia.
Online Multi-Domain Geriatric Health Screening in Urban Community Dwelling Older Malaysians: A Pilot Study
Authors: Alex Deepa , Fauzi Adhhani Binti , Mohan Devi 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: With a rapidly aging population, the Malaysian health care system needs to develop solutions to address the lack of resources that are required for the assessment of the older person. The complex nature of geriatric syndromes coupled with the occurrence of multiple comorbid illnesses with aging, make geriatric assessment a resource intensive process. Digital health solutions could play an important role in supporting existing health care systems, especially in low and middle income countries, with limited speciality services in geriatrics.Objective: This is a pilot study aimed at screening for geriatric syndromes through self-administered online surveys in urban community dwelling older Malaysians and assessing the pattern of geriatric syndromes in relation to the frailty status of the study participants.Methods: This is a cross-sectional pilot study conducted between July-September 2020. Community dwelling adults aged 60 years and over were invited to take part in an online survey. Information on sociodemographic variables, comorbidities, and the self-reported results of geriatric syndromes (frailty, sarcopenia, anorexia of aging, urinary incontinence, falls, and cognitive impairment), were collected through the survey.Results: Data was collected for 162 participants over a period of 2 months. The mean (SD) age of the respondents was 66.42 (5.25) years with 64.9% females. Majority of the respondents were of Chinese ethnic origin (67.9%) and had tertiary level of education (75.9%). The average time taken by participants to complete the survey was 16.86 min. Urinary incontinence was the highest reported geriatric syndrome (55.1%) followed by falls (37.6%), anorexia of aging (32.8%), cognitive impairment (27.8%), and sarcopenia (8.3%). Frailty was detected in 4.5% of the study population. Loss of weight in the previous year was the highest reported component of the frailty assessment tool. The presence of sarcopenia, anorexia of aging, poor/fair self-rated health, urinary incontinence, and multimorbidity were significantly higher in older adults who were frail or prefrail.Conclusion: Screening for geriatric syndromes through online surveys is a feasible approach to identify older adults in the community who are likely to benefit from geriatric assessment. However, the demographic profile of the older population that are accessible through such digital platforms is limited.
EmotionNet Nano: An Efficient Deep Convolutional Neural Network Design for Real-Time Facial Expression Recognition
Authors: Lee James Ren , Wang Linda , Wong Alexander 
Published: January 2021

While recent advances in deep learning have led to significant improvements in facial expression classification (FEC), a major challenge that remains a bottleneck for the widespread deployment of such systems is their high architectural and computational complexities. This is especially challenging given the operational requirements of various FEC applications, such as safety, marketing, learning, and assistive living, where real-time requirements on low-cost embedded devices is desired. Motivated by this need for a compact, low latency, yet accurate system capable of performing FEC in real-time on low-cost embedded devices, this study proposes EmotionNet Nano, an efficient deep convolutional neural network created through a human-machine collaborative design strategy, where human experience is combined with machine meticulousness and speed in order to craft a deep neural network design catered toward real-time embedded usage. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the very first deep neural network architecture for facial expression recognition leveraging machine-driven design exploration in its design process, and exhibits unique architectural characteristics such as high architectural heterogeneity and selective long-range connectivity not seen in previous FEC network architectures. Two different variants of EmotionNet Nano are presented, each with a different trade-off between architectural and computational complexity and accuracy. Experimental results using the CK + facial expression benchmark dataset demonstrate that the proposed EmotionNet Nano networks achieved accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art FEC networks, while requiring significantly fewer parameters. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed EmotionNet Nano networks achieved real-time inference speeds (e.g., &gt;25 FPS and &gt;70 FPS at 15 and 30 W, respectively) and high energy efficiency (e.g., &gt;1.7 images/sec/watt at 15 W) on an ARM embedded processor, thus further illustrating the efficacy of EmotionNet Nano for deployment on embedded devices.
Samotność potrzebna i niepotrzebna. Perspektywa faktu, rozwoju i relacji na przykładzie studium tekstów Janusza Korczaka
Authors: Ablewicz Krystyna 
Published: January 2021

CEL NAUKOWY: Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie doświadczenia samotności jako potrzeby człowieka, która na kolejnych etapach jego życia (dzieciństwa, adolescencji) pełni określone funkcje rozwojowe i egzystencjalne.
PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Problem przedstawiony został w pytaniu o to, jak prezentuje się i jaką pełni funkcję doświadczenie samotności na kolejnych etapach życia człowieka, biorąc pod uwagę trzy sposoby jego występowania: jako faktu, jako zmiennej rozwoju ontogenetycznego oraz efektu relacji inter i intrapersonalnych. Autorka podejmuje się rekonstrukcji rozwojowego i egzystencjalnego sensu i bezsensu doświadczenia samotności (aspekt fenomenologiczny) w kontekście jego interpretacji przedstawionej w esejach Janusza Korczaka (aspekt hermeneutyczny).
PROCES WYWODU: Wprowadzenie w przyjęte kategorie interpretacyjne oraz strukturę pytań badawczych w następujących perspektywach: filozoficznej, psychologicznej i pedagogicznej oraz kontinuum dwóch aporii aksjologicznych: sensu i bezsensu.
WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Zaprezentowane analizy treści tekstów: Samotność dziecka, Samotność młodości zawierają zarazem jakościowe wyniki ich opracowywania.
WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Samotność jest doświadczana zarówno jako obiektywnie istniejąca prawidłowość ludzkiej egzystencji, jak i jako relacyjny stan przeżywania. Świadomość sensu i bezsensu konsekwencji doświadczania samotności w rozwoju i egzystencji człowieka pozwala wychowawcy dostrzegać ją, interpretować oraz działać z większą korzyścią dla sił witalnych i poczucia sensu życia wychowanków.
Development of a technique to measure local scattering in turbid media using backscattered light at the surface for noninvasive turbidity evaluation of blood in subcutaneous blood vessels
Authors: Liang Shiyang , Shimizu Koichi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
For noninvasive skin-surface evaluation of turbidity in subcutaneous blood vessels we have developed a technique to estimate the reduced scattering coefficient from spatially resolved backscattered light. The solution of the diffusion approximation was used to derive an analytical solution for the effective attenuation coefficient as a function of the spatially resolved reflectance with respect to the source–detector distance. The reduced scattering coefficient can be calculated from the effective attenuation coefficient. This represents the blood turbidity or serum triglyceride concentration. An exact solution for the reduced scattering coefficient was newly obtained as a function of the effective attenuation coefficient using the special diffusion coefficient, which expands the applicability of the diffusion approximation to the case of human blood. To eliminate the effects of strong scattering in the surrounding tissue we introduced a differential principle using spatially resolved reflectance measured at positions on and off the blood vessel. The results of Monte Carlo simulation demonstrate the validity of the proposed technique even in the case of blood, which does not necessarily satisfy the conditions of the diffusion approximation. The small dependence on absorption variation in the practical range and robustness against the measurement error were verified. With the differential principle we can estimate blood turbidity by suppressing the effect of the surrounding tissue. With this technique, one can expect more than 50 times higher sensitivity for blood turbidity than that obtained without using this principle. The validity of the simulation and the applicability of the proposed technique were verified with measurements using a model phantom of subcutaneous blood vessels in a tissue-simulating turbid medium.
Inverted planer perovskite solar cells fabricated by all vapor phase process
Authors: Seto Satoru 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A simple vapor-based fabrication process for perovskite solar cells is developed and applied to the fabrication of inverted planar CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskite solar cells. In this process, PbI2 film is deposited by vacuum evaporation on the hole transport layer (HTL), followed by converting it into the MAPbI3 phase by annealing in methylammonium iodide (MAI) vapor. Using the converted MAPbI3 films, we fabricated inverted planar perovskite solar cells by vapor phase-based process with a device structure of glass/TCO/HTL/MAPbI3/C60/BCP/Ag, in which PEDOT:PSS and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) were used as an HTL. A power conversion efficiency as high as 16.1% was obtained for the solar cell using CuPc as an HTL by a fully vapor-based process. Furthermore, we observed the improvement of the stability of the solar cells when using CuPc instead of PEDOT:PSS as an HTL.