bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune Dysfunction of T Lymphocytes may be a Risk Factor for Pleurisy Tuberculoma
Authors: Gao Weiwei , Yang Nan , Ji Saiguang , Dai Guangchuan , Hu Weiyi , Zeng Yi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Pleurisy tuberculoma (PTM) is a benign proliferative disease that occurs most commonly after effective treatment of tuberculous pleurisy. In this study, we investigated the risk factors for PTM. Methods: The data of 56 consecutive tuberculoma patients treated at the Nanjing Thoracic Hospital and the Second Hospital between March 2013, and April 2020, were extracted from the hospital database and reviewed retrospectively. Sixty patients treated effectively for tuberculous pleurisy without PTM were included as the control group as most cases of PTM have a history of tuberculous pleurisy. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, laboratory examination results, and imaging features to identify potential risk factors for PTM.Results: The mean age of the PTM patients was 29.04 ± 6.95 years, with no difference between males and females. The onset of PTM was 4.29 ± 2.34 months from the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. The PTM lesions were more commonly located in the lower lobes with no difference in the left and right lung distribution. There were no significant differences in the presenting symptoms and underlying disease of the patients in the PTM and control groups. Pleural thickening was more common in the PTM group (44.64% vs. 23.33% respectively, P = 0.015) and ADA activity was higher (48.32± 19.19 vs. 44.79± 24.57) compared with the control group. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the absolute numbers of CD4 + and CD8+ T lymphocyte cells or the CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio (P > 0.05 ). Expression of the activation marker Ki-67 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was significantly increased in the PTM group compared with the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Our results indicate that dysregulation of T lymphocytes may be a potential risk factor for PTM.
Identifying Hotspots in the Distribution of Human Infectious Diseases Using a Bayesian Framework: A Lead to Drivers, Prevention, and Surveillance of Disease Emergence
Authors: Jagadesh Soushieta , Combe Marine , Nacher Mathieu , Gozlan Rodolphe Elie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic underscores the need of surveillance system to detect threats and regions at high risk from emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). With the human-driven perturbations to the human-animal-pathogen interface at an ecological scale, the integration of these environmental drivers is essential. We propose robust mathematical models to map, detect, and identify significant drivers of EID outbreaks for three viral EID groups: Filoviridae, Coronaviridae, and Henipaviruses.MethodsWe modeled the presence-absence data in a spatially explicit, binomial and zero-inflation binomial (ZIB) logistic regression with and without autoregression (iCAR). The presence data were extracted from WHO and Promed archives for the three EID groups and we generated pseudoabsence points within the spatial distribution of the mammalian reservoirs. Various environmental and demographical raster were used to explain the distribution of EIDs. True Skill Statistic and deviance parameters were used to compare the accuracy of the different models.ResultsWe used hierarchical SDM binomial, ZIB with and without iCAR models to map the predictive risk of viral EIDs. ZIB models with autoregression were found to be near perfect in detecting the distribution of EID outbreaks with 70% of the models explained by environmental and demographic drivers. The common influencing drivers amongst the three groups of EIDs analyzed were climatic covariates minimum temperature and rainfall, and human-driven land modifications.ConclusionsOur study results conclude that using SDMs in a Bayesian structure is near perfect detecting hotspots and significant drivers of EID outbreaks. It also maps the sites needing active surveillance, which essential in epidemic prevention, and highlights the influence of human-driven modifications to environment on disease emergence.
Sleep Medication Use and Risk of Fractures in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Haque Reina , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Chen LieHong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Sleep problems are more common in breast cancer survivors than those without a cancer history. Our goal was to examine the risk of fractures among breast cancers survivors who used prescription sleep aids. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 21,346 adult women diagnosed with stage 0-III breast cancerbetween 2009-2016and followed them through 2017. We examined person-year rates of fracturesby sleep medication use and calculated adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI)with Cox proportional hazards models using time-dependent variables for sleep medications and covariate medications (antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, and bisphosphonates) adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, and tumor characteristics and cancer treatments.Results: The sleep medication use was common (40%) in breast cancer survivors and was associated with a 33% increased risk of fractures(adjusted HR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.20-1.49). Bisphosphonateuse did not mitigate this risk. Further, in a sensitivity analysis based on new use of sleep medication, the fracture risk was even stronger (adjusted HR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.26-1.64).Conclusion:Given the high use of sleep medicationsand the high risk of fractures in breast cancer survivors, this study suggests that non-pharmacologic management of sleep problems might be considered as alternative therapy.
Using Nomogram and Machine Learning Models to Predict Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Prognosis
Authors: Lei Haike , Liu Chun , Xu Zheng , Hong Na , Li Xiaosheng , Zhou Wei , Gong Mengchun , Wang Guixue , Wang Ying , Zhou Hong , Wu Yongzhong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPatients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often have a poor prognosis. Overall survival (OS) prediction through the early diagnosis of cancer has many benefits, such as allowing providers to design the best treatment plan for patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic factors in NSCLC patients, construct a nomogram, and develop machine learning models to predict the OS. We also conducted feature importance analysis to understand how relevant factors of NSCLC patients impact their OS.ResultsMultiple machine learning models were adopted in a retrospective cohort of patients from 2010 to 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Independent prognostic factors for NSCLC were determined using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. We modeled OS and vital status as the outcomes and constructed and validated a nomogram to predict the OS of NSCLC. Furthermore, we applied logistic regression, random forest, XGBoost, decision tree, multilayer perceptron, and LightGBM to predict the patients’ vital status. We tested the prediction ability of the models and evaluated their performances using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. A total of 34,567 patients selected from the SEER database that met our criteria were included in this study. The nomogram visualized the OS prediction results of the Cox regression model. Among the classifiers, XGBoost had the best prediction performance, with an area under the curve of 0.733.ConclusionsThe results demonstrated that machine learning-based classifier models are capable of predicting the outcomes of patients with NSCLC. And Cox regression model-based nomogram interpreted the results well and supports potential medical applications.
Experimental Preliminary Analysis of the Fluid Drag Effect in Rapid and Long-runout Flowlike Landslides
Authors: Gao Yang , Gao Haoyuan , Li Bin , Wei Tongyao , Li Zhuang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
During a landslide, the multi-phase nature of landslide debris defines its mobility. Eventually, frictional forces cause the slide energy to dissipate, and contact forces transmit the energy into nearby material. To analyze the dynamic characteristics of high-velocity long-runout landslides, we conducted flume model tests to empirically determine the mobility characteristics of flow-like landslides with various slide materials. Our conclusions are as follows: (1) Liquid-phase flow-like landslides are highly mobility and have long runout; solid-phase flow-like landslides are highly destructive because of their higher kinetic energy; and two-phase flow-like landslides are both highly mobility. (2) During a two-phase flow-like landslide, the mobility ability of the liquid-phase material is stronger than that of the solid-phase material; when the liquid slide volume fraction is sufficiently large, the liquid phase exerts a drag force on the solid phase. (3) Various liquids exert different drag effects on the solid; the solid-liquid velocity difference and the liquid viscosity determine the drag intensity and the mobility and depositional characteristics of the landslide.
A Novel Prognostic Biomarker ARRDC2 has Potential to Define Tumor Microenvironment in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Zhang Mengjun , Liu Yunduo , Liu Yuan , Hou Siyu , Li Hao , Ma Ying , Wang Can , Chen Xiuwei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The abnormal expression of α-arrestin protein family plays a key regulatory role in the occurrence and development of many cancers, including colorectal cancer and cervical cancer, and is inseparable from changes in the tumor immune microenvironment. However, the role of ARRDC2, an important member of this family, in the malignant biological process of ovarian cancer (OC) has not been reported, and its role in the change of the immune microenvironment is also unknown.Methods: In this study, HPA, TCGA, GEO and other databases were used to explore the role of ARRDC2 in the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of ovarian cancer. Then, GO, KEGG analysis and GSEA analysis of the biological processes and cell signaling pathways that ARRDC2 may be involved in activated or inhibited. In addition, the TIMER and TISIDB database were used to conduct in-depth research on the role of ARRDC2 in the change of the immune microenvironment of ovarian cancer. Finally, the CMAP database explored and screened drugs that may be used for treatment.Results: There were significant differences between OC and ARRDC2 mRNA and protein levels. High ARRDC2 expression level is associated with poor overall survival and can be used as an independent prognostic factor. Interestingly, ARRDC2 expression is positively correlated with B cells, Neutrophils, Dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells, signifying that ARRDC2 may be related to infiltration of immune cells. ARRDC2 and its co-expressed genes are enriched in cell signaling pathways related to the immune system. Finally, we explored two possible drugs for the treatment of ovarian cancer.Conclusion: The differentially expressed ARRDC2 may be a potential prognostic and diagnostic indicator and can be used as a novel biomarker for exploring the immune microenvironment of ovarian cancer.
Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Alendronate-Conjugated Nanodiamonds for Potential Osteoporosis Treatment
Authors: Ahn Guk Young , Kim Sung-Eun , Yun Tae Hoon , Choi Inseong , Park Daewon , Choi Sung-Wook 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Alendronate (Alen) is promising material used for bone-targeted drug delivery due to its high bone affinity and therapeutic effects on bone diseases. In addition, Alen can enhance the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblastic cell. Recently, nanodiamonds (NDs) with hardness, non-toxicity, and excellent biocompatibility are employed as promising materials for carrier systems and osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, we prepared Alen-conjugated NDs (Alen-NDs) and evaluated their osteogenic differentiation performances. Methods: Alen-NDs were synthesized using DMTMM as a coupling reagent. Morphological change of Mouse calvaria-derived preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) treated with Alen-NDs was observed using the confocal microscope. The osteogenic differentiation was confirmed by cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium deposition, and real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Results: Alen-NDs were prepared to evaluate their effect on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. The Alen-NDs had a size of about 100 nm, and no cytotoxicity at less than 100 μg/mL of concentration. The treatment of NDs and Alen-NDs reduced the proliferation rate of MC3T3-E1 cells without cell death. Confocal microscopy images confirmed that the treatment of NDs and Alen-NDs changed the cellular morphology from a fibroblastic shape to a cuboidal shape. Flow cytometry, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed the higher differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells treated by Alen-NDs, compared to the groups treated by osteogenic medium and NDs. The higher concentration of Alen-ND treated in MC3T3-E1 resulted in a higher differentiation level. Conclusions: Alen-NDs can be used as potential therapeutic agents for osteoporosis treatment by inducing osteogenic differentiation.
Food Consumption and Food Belief Among Paddy Farmers Households in Rural Area, Kedah, Malaysia
Authors: IBRAHIM AHMAD ZUBIR 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Food consumption influences food security household level, particularly among paddy farmers households especially in the rural area. At the same time food taboo or food belief among paddy farmers people in a rural area in certain food still exist until now. Therefore, this study aims to explore the food consumption and food belief among low-income households in the rural area, Kedah Malaysia
Methods

This qualitative study was carried out in Kubang Pasu, Alor Setar, Pendang, Kuala Muda and Baling district in Kedah, Malaysia. A total of 225 respondents were involved in this study. Data were collected from heads of households involve directly in paddy crops.
Results

The study found out, that paddy farmers households in a rural area of Kedah Malaysia consumed less food with a score of less than 30.0. This group uses chub mackerel fish as a protein resource because the price is low when compared to other saltwater fish (e.g. pomfret, king mackerel, grouper fish, mangrove red snapper, snapper, and barramundi), and also uses freshwater fish as a protein resource. Furthermore, food beliefs also influenced food consumption among the rural paddy farmers households in Kedah.
Conclusion

The findings reveal the food consumption patterns of low-income families especially, particularly in rural areas, and point to the need for more targeted and planned programmes within the low-income group to improve food security, particularly in food consumption households. However, food belief inseparable in their daily routine.
PTAFR Exaggerates Microglia-Mediated Microenvironment via IL10-STAT3 Signaling: A Novel Perspective on Potential Biomarker and Target for AD Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Liu Junxiu , Jiao Linchi , Zhong Xin , Yao Weifan , Du Ke , Lu Senxu , Wu Yuqiang , Ma Tianxin , Tong Junhui , Xu Mingyue , Jiang Wenjuan , Wang Yubao , He Miao , Xin Wei , Liu Mingyan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Early diagnosis and effective intervention become the key points for delaying Alzheimer’s progression. Therefore, we aim to find new biomarkers for early diagnosis of Alzheimer (AD) by bioinformatics, and to reveal the possible mechanisms. Methods and results: GSE1297, GSE63063, and GSE110226 in the GEO database were used to screen out the differentially highly expressed genes. We found out a potential biomarker PTAFR differentially highly expressed in the brain tissue, peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients. Furthermore, we found higher PTAFR level in the plasma and brain tissues of APP/PS1 mice. Simultaneously, it was uncovered that PTAFR mediated the inflammatory response to exaggerate microenvironment specially mediated by microglia through the IL10-STAT3 pathway. In addition, we also found PTAFR was a possible target for some anti-AD compounds such as EGCG, donepezil, curcumin, memantine, and Huperzine A.Conclusions: PTAFR was a potential biomarker for early AD diagnosis and treatment correlated with microglia-mediated microenvironment, and an important possible target to make novel strategy for clinical treatment and new drug discovery in AD.
Does Primary Tumour Location Affect the Prognosis of Patients with Colorectal Cancer Peritoneal Metastases Treated with Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy?
Authors: Chen Haipeng , Zhou Sicheng , Bi Jianjun , Feng Qiang , Jiang Zheng , Xu Jianping , Pei Wei , Liang Jianwei , Zhou Zhixiang , Wang Xishan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background The impact of primary tumour location on the prognosis of patients with peritoneal metastasis (PM) arising from colorectal cancer (CRC) after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is rarely discussed, and the evidence is still limited.Methods Patients with PM arising from CRC treated with CRS and HIPEC at the China National Cancer Center and Huanxing Cancer Hospital between June 2017 and June 2019 were systematically reviewed. Clinical characteristics, pathological features, perioperative parameters, and prognostic data were collected and analysed.Results A total of 70 patients were divided into two groups according to colonic or rectal origin (18 patients in the rectum group and 52 patients in the colon group). Patients with PM of colonic origin were more likely to develop grade 3-4 postoperative complications after CRS+HIPEC (38.9% vs 19.2%, P=0.094), but this difference was not statistically significant. Patients with colon cancer had a longer median overall survival (OS) than patients with rectal cancer (27.0 vs 15.0 months, P=0.011). On the multivariate analysis, independent prognostic factors of reduced OS were rectal origin (HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.02–4.24, P = 0.044) and incomplete cytoreduction (HR 2.33, 95% CI 1.05-5.28, P = 0.039).Conclusion CRS is an originally complex and potentially life-threatening procedure, and we suggest that the indications for CRS+HIPEC in patients with PM of rectal origin be more restrictive and cautious.
Impact of genomic preselection on subsequent genetic evaluations with ssGBLUP - using real data from pigs
Authors: Jibrila Ibrahim , Vandenplas Jeremie , Napel Jan ten , Bergsma Rob , Veerkamp Roel F , Calus Mario P.L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Empirically assessing the impact of preselection on subsequent genetic evaluations of preselected animals requires comparison of scenarios with and without preselection. However, preselection almost always takes place in animal breeding programs, so it is difficult, if not impossible, to have a dataset without preselection. Hence most studies on preselection used simulated datasets, concluding that subsequent genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) from single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) are unbiased. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of genomic preselection, using real data, on accuracy and bias of GEBV of validation animals. Methods We used data on four pig production traits from one sire-line and one dam-line, with more intense original preselection in the dam-line than in the sire-line. The traits are average daily gain during performance testing, average daily gain throughout life, backfat, and loin depth. Per line, we ran ssGBLUP with the entire data until validation generation and considered this scenario as the reference scenario. We then implemented two scenarios with additional layers of genomic preselection by removing all animals without progeny either i) only in the validation generation, or ii) in all generations. In computing accuracy and bias, we compared GEBV against progeny yield deviation of validation animals. Results Results showed only a limited loss in accuracy due to the additional layers of genomic preselection. This is true in both lines, for all traits, and regardless of whether validation animals had records or not. Bias too was largely absent, and did not differ greatly among corresponding scenarios with or without additional layers of genomic preselection. Conclusion We concluded that impact of recent and/or historical genomic preselection is minimal on subsequent genetic evaluations of selection candidates, if these subsequent genetic evaluations are done using ssGBLUP.
Quality by Design Enabled Anti-hypertensive Floating Drug Delivery System by Risk Assessment and Design of Experiment (DoE) - In Vitro - In Vivo Correlation Studies
Authors: Chidurala Mounika , Jutur Raveendra Reddy 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The present research aimed to develop and optimize extended-release floating
tablets of Sacubitril and Valsartan by Quality by Design (QbD) approach.

Methods:
Risk analysis by formulation assessment and process parameters showed that optimizing the
levels of the polymer will minimize the high risk to meet the target profile. A two (2) level three (3)
full factorial experimental design along with midpoints was carefully chosen for optimization and statistical
analysis. Based on the literature, the independent and dependent variables were selected.

Results:
HPMC K100, Carbopol 934P had a positive effect, Ethyl cellulose with the negative effect on
Floating time, Drug release at 2 h, Drug release at 12 h and, t50% responses. Drug release kinetics followed
the first-order release with Higuchi and fickian diffusion. Contour and overlay plots were utilized
for an assortment of design space and optimized formula. ANOVA results of all the factors exhibited
significance at p < 0.05. Abdominal X-ray imaging of the optimized tablets on a healthy rabbit’s
stomach confirmed the floating behavior for more than 12 h. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies in
rabbits have shown that the optimized formulation exhibited prolonged and extended drug release with
improved Cmax, tmax, AUCo-t, and t1/2 of test product when compared to marketed product. IVIVC
model was developed by using dissolution data of in vitro and pharmacokinetics data of in-vivo by deconvolution
method (Wagner-Nelson method).

Conclusion:
The Quality by Design implementation in the formulation and optimization abridged the
number of trials to produce a cost-effective formula. In vivo studies have demonstrated that the formula
was successfully developed with extended floating time (12 h) and drug release by risk analysis and
experimental designs. Level A correlation was observed, which confirmed a good correlation between
in vitro and in vivo data.
Quality of Life Interventions in Breast Cancer Survivors: State of the Art in Targeted Rehabilitation Strategies
Authors: Invernizzi Marco , de Sire Alessandro , Venetis Konstantinos , Cigna Emanuele , Carda Stefano , Borg Margherita , Cisari Carlo , Fusco Nicola 
Published: June 2021

:
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor and the most prevalent cause of mortality in women.
Advances in early diagnosis and more effective adjuvant therapies have improved the long-term survival of these patients.
Pharmacotherapies and intrinsic tumor-related factors may lead to a wide spectrum of treatment-related
disabling complications, such as breast cancer-related lymphedema, axillary web syndrome, persistent pain, bone loss,
arthralgia, and fatigue. These conditions have a detrimental impact on the health-related quality of life of survivors.
Here, we sought to provide a portrait of the role that rehabilitation plays in breast cancer survivors. Particular emphasis
has been put in terms of recovering function, improving independence in activities of daily living, and reducing disability.
This complex scenario requires a precision medicine approach to provide more effective decision-making and
adequate treatment compliance.