bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding The Mechanism of Mutant HIV-1 Protease Resistance Against Darunavir Using Molecular Dynamic Study
Authors: Shabanpour Yaser , Behmard Esmaeil , Abdolmaleki Parviz , Keihan Amir Homayoun , Sajjadi Sharareh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease (HIV-1 PR) is an important enzyme in life cycle of the HIV virus. It cleaves inactive pre-proteins of the virus and changes them into active proteins. Darunavir suppresses the wild type HIV-1 PR (WT-Pr) activity, but can’t inhibit the mutant resistant forms (MUT-Pr). Increasing knowledge about the resistance mechanism can be helpful for designing of more effective inhibitors. In this study, the mechanism of resistance of Ile47val and Ile54Met MUT-Pr strain against Darunavir was investigated. For this purpose, complexes of Darunavir with WT-Pr (WT-Pr-D) and MUT-Pr (MUT-Pr-D) were simulated for 200 ns and structure, dynamic and energetic properties of both simulations were investigated based on essential dynamics (principal component analysis (PCA)), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), radial distribution function (RDF), molecular mechanics/Poisson Boltzman surface area (MM/PBSA) energies and etc. Our data revealed that mutations increased the flap tips flexibility and increased the active-site space, probably due to the reduction in hydrophobic forces. So, the protease’s conformation changed from closed state to semi-open state. Formation of semi open structure along with a reduction in van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds with Darunavir facilitates disjunction of Darunavir from the active-site in MUT-Pr-D.
Assessment on awareness towards preventive measures of COVID-19 in Sheka, Southwestern Ethiopia: Community based cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gelaw Assaye Belay , Andargie Solomon Abebaw 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and it is the most important of public health problem worldwide. A critical element in tackling the COVID-19 crisis is personal behavioral change; however, there is a paucity of evidence about peoples’ awareness towards COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, the aim of this was to assess the community’s awareness status towards COVID-19 in Sheka, Southwestern Ethiopia.Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted 10th to 21th April 2020. Four hundred-nineteen individuals participated during the study. Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify significant factors of awareness status, and variables with p-value<0.05 indicated it significantly influences the awareness status of the individuals towards COVID-19.Results: According to the study’s results, nearly half (49.4 %) of the participants had awareness about COVID-19 pandemic. Factors such being female equal (AOR: 0.476, 95%CI: 0.293, 0.772),education being secondary and above(AOR:2.178,95%CI:1.323,3.586),and prevention methods being fully used (AOR,8.127,95%CI: 1.273, 51.871)were significantly influencing the awareness status of the community towards COVID-19 pandemic than their counterparts.Conclusion: The study showed that there is a low awareness status among people towards COVID-19.Hence, programs to improve awareness towards COVID-19 pandemic is essential to prevent and control the pandemic.
Development of a Prognostic Signature Based on Hypoxia-related Genes for Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Zhang HongYang , Li Sijia , Li Wei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background. We aimed to establish a model to predict the prognosis of patients with thyroid cancer based on differentially expressed hypoxia-related genes.Methods. By comparing the genes in TCGA database and hypoxiaDB database, we obtained differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to hypoxia in thyroid cancer. Gene function enrichment analysis was performed, and a protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database. Univariate Cox regression were used to screen hypoxia-related genes with prognostic value. Subsequently, multivariate Cox analysis was used to determine prognostic markers based on thyroid cancer, a prognosis model based on these genes was established. The Kaplan-Meier analysis, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and The Harrell’s concordance indexes in the training set and the validation set were used to evaluate the performance of the model. Finally, we conducted univariate analyses of the prognostic value of clinical data (including risk scores) of thyroid cancer patients.Results. 326 hypoxia-related thyroid cancer genes were found. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated they were mainly involved in regulating biological functions. 23 genes have been proved to be associated with the prognosis of thyroid cancer with univariate Cox regression, among them, 11 marker genes were used to construct a new prognosis model by multivariate Cox analysis. Accordingly, the system of risk scores was constructed, patients with high-risk scores (P <0.005) had shorter overall survival than those with low-risk scores. The ROC curve indicated good performance of the eleven-gene signature at predicting overall survival. The Harrell’s concordance indexes in the internally validated for the 11-gene prognostic signature was 0.881. Moreover, univariate analysis showed that the risk score and age were significantly associated with patient overall survival. The model we created was significantly associated with patient overall survival.Conclusions. The model we established had excellent performance in the prognosis of thyroid cancer.
Locality Sensitive Hardware Signature Variants for Hardware Transactional Memory
Authors: r sangeetha , Vollala Satyanarayana , N Ramasubramanian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Lock based techniques have its own limitations like priority inversion, convoying, and deadlock. Lock free techniques overcome those mentioned limitations. Transactional memory (TM) is one leading lock free technique used in recent multi core processors like Intel Haswell and IBM BlueGene/Q. TM has to do data versioning and conflict detection. For conflict detection probabilistic data structure called Bloom Filters are used. Bloom filter based hardware signatures are used in TM. In TM shared memory conflicts like RAW, WAR, and WAW hazards are handled by Bloom Filter (BF). Hardware signatures store memory addresses in hashed form on Bloom filters. Bloom filters are easy to use, performance efficient data structures lead to false positive but never support false negative. Locality sensitive hardware signatures reduce filter occupancy by sharing bits for the contiguous memory addresses, in turn reduces the false positive rate. This paper implements existing H3 – HS and LS – HS proposed by Ricardo Quislant et al. [13]. Also this paper proposes RS – HS, CS – HS, and RO – HS. RO – HS equally spreads addresses among bloom filters thereby reduces filter occupancy. In turn reduced filter occupancy leads to better False Positive Rate.
Distribution analysis and dose assessment of radon emitted from monazite-containing mattresses in general residential spaces using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Lee ChoongWie , Kim Hee Reyoung 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Radon-releasing mattresses were found to be manufactured using radium or thorium containing monazite, and a survey by the Korean Nuclear Safety and Security Commission found that some of these products exceeded radiation safety standards. Therefore, this study evaluates the radon distribution resulting from the radon released by such mattresses. For this purpose, Ansys Fluent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes were used to analyze the radon distribution in a general living space and to assess the radon exposure of residents. Drawings from the Korea Land and Housing Corporation were analyzed to determine the layout and geometry of a general residential space. The CFD simulation results were used to analyze the radon distribution in this space in terms of the ventilation direction and the distance from the source. The dose was evaluated to determine its radiation safety, and it was found to be less than 0.101 mSv/year; this value is below the International Commission on Radiological Protection’s recommendation of 10 mSv/year and the dose limit of 1 mSv/year for processed products in South Korea. The proposed method could be used to evaluate radon exposure in different environments to improve the safety of residents.
Frictional Sliding of Rough Surfaces Using a Quasi-static Approach to the Maxwell-slip Model
Authors: Amireghbali Aydin , Coker Demirkan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Maxwell-slip model consists of independent mass-spring units that are slipped by a driver over a rigid, flat, fixed substrate. In the present study, the model is interpreted as a multi-asperity model and is used to study both the friction force and the mechanisms involved in the sliding of a rough elastic surface. Coulomb friction law is assumed at the single mass-spring level. A beta probability distribution function is used to generate the initial block positions randomly. The standard deviation of the initial lateral position of the blocks is interpreted as the surface roughness. The results show that when the surface is rough enough, the sequential slip of the blocks induces a steady friction force. On the other hand, when the surface is smooth enough, the collective slip of the blocks induces stick-slip. The border between the two regimes of sliding is sharply delineated by a specific roughness value. A tribological implication is that a sufficiently rough surface may bring about steady sliding. A geophysical implication is that a geological fault segment that undergoes aseismic creep may have a rougher surface compared to its locked counterpart.
WITHDRAWN: Serum allergen spectrum and prevalence of allergic disease in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Li Min , Zheng Rui , Wang Enyun , Xiong Dan , Sun Baoqinq , Dou Xiaowen , Zhang Xiuming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Allergen sensitization are common allergic diseases worldwide, with widely varying estimates of prevalence in the population. The characteristics and prevalence of allergens and diseases in Shenzhen. Patients and methods: Allergen-specific IgE results were investigated among 20483 subjects from January 2016 to June 2020 based on by Western blotting, and statistical analysis was performed on sIgE and related diseases in patients with different ages, genders, months, mixed allergens and grade. Results: Among 20483 subjects, 13149 (64.19%) were clinically positive for at least single allergen. Single allergen positive rate (35.42%), double allergen positive rate (23.96%), triple allergen positive rate (16.04%). The positive rate of sIgE in male was higher than that in female (69.15% and 60. 02% respectively, P<0.01). Allergen detection rate varies with age (P<0.05). The cumulative positive results were 35083, grade 1: 16705 items, 47.61%; grade 2: 8003 items, 22.81%; grade 5: 3840 items, 10.94%. The positive rate of sIgE in March was the highest (82.20%), which was statistically significant compared with other months (P<0.05). The probability of cockroach allergen causing atopic dermatitis/urticaria was 67%, and asthma in just 4%. Conclusion: Our findings reveal that the positive rate of allergens was high in Shenzhen. Dust mite was the main allergen. There were differences in age, gender and month, and the probability of allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis/urticaria aznd rhinitis/sinusitis is high.
The Value of Gut Microbiota to Predict Feed Efficiency and Growth of Rabbits Under Different Feeding Regimes
Authors: Velasco-Galilea María , Piles Miriam , Ramayo-Caldas Yuliaxis , Sánchez Juan P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Feed efficiency is a paramount concept for the environmental and economical sustainability of rabbit production. In this sense, identifying all the components involved in its determinism is highly desirable. Microbial communities inhabiting the intestinal tract play an important role in nutrient absorption and could also impact rabbit growth and feed efficiency. This study aims at investigating such impact by evaluating the value added by microbial information for predicting individual and cage phenotypes related to growth and feed efficiency.Results: Cecal microbiota was assessed in 425 meat rabbits raised under two feeding regimes (ad libitum or restricted). The dataset under study comprised individual average daily gain, and cage-average daily feed intake, and feed efficiency records from these kits and their cage mates. The consideration of pedigree relationships in different mixed models allowed to accomplish the study of cage-average traits even though cecal microbiota was not measured in all the animals within a cage. When microbial information was fitted into certain mixed animal models, their predictive ability increased up to 20% for cage-average feed efficiency traits and up to 46% for individual growth traits. These gains in the predictive ability of the models were associated with large microbiability estimates and with reductions, with respect to those from the models not fitting the microbial effect, on the heritability estimates. However, large microbiabililty estimates were also obtained with certain models but without any improvement in their predictive ability of the studied traits. A large proportion of OTUs seems to be responsible for the prediction improvement in growth and FE traits, although specific OTUs have a higher weight.Conclusions: Rabbit growth and feed efficiency are influenced by host cecal microbiota and considering microbial information in models improve the prediction of these complex phenotypes. Nonetheless, the prior assumptions for the microbial effects and the method used condition the quality of the predictions.
Interdecadal change in the genesis activity of the first tropical cyclone of each year over the western North Pacific
Authors: Cha Yumi , Choi JaeWon , Ahn Joong-Bae 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study analyzed time series of the genesis latitude, longitude, and date of the first tropical cyclone (TC) each year over the 38 years between 1979 and 2016. Statistical change-point analysis applied to these three variables showed that a shift in climate regime occurred around 1998. More specifically, recent TCs have shown a strong tendency to occur more northwest in the western North Pacific (WNP), and day of TC genesis tend to be delayed. Also, we compared differences between the periods 1998 to 2016 (post-1998) and 1979–1997 (pre-1998) in terms of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), total cloud cover, precipitable water, precipitation, vertical wind shear, 850 hPa relative vorticity, and sea surface temperature (SST). Our results showed that a favorable environment for TC genesis was formed near the South China Sea (SCS) and the Philippines and an unfavorable environment for TC genesis was formed in the southeastern part of the WNP. Analysis of stream flow showed that an anomalous cyclonic circulation at 850 hPa was formed in the SCS and an anomalous large anticyclonic circulation was formed in the North Pacific. From these circulations, a ridge extended to the east sea of the Philippines, and consequently, anomalous trade winds were strengthened in the equatorial Pacific. Such anomalous atmospheric circulation seems to be associated with the cold Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) phase. At 200 hPa, the anomalous anticyclonic circulation was strengthened in the SCS, and an anomalous cyclonic circulation formed in the east sea of the Philippines, which strengthened anomalous westerlies in the equatorial Pacific. Furthermore, this circulation pattern is found to be related with a strengthening of Walker circulation. Therefore, during the post-1998, when trade winds were strengthened by the development of Walker circulation, the cold PDO phase was strengthened, the location of TC genesis moved toward the northwestern WNP, and TC genesis day tended to be delayed.
Circulating Tumor Cell is a Clinical Indicator of Pretransplant Radiofrequency Ablation for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Zhitao , Wang tielong , Chen Chuanbao , Hong Xitao , Yu Jia , Ma Yihao , Guo Yiwen , Huang Changjun , He Xiaoshun , Ju Weiqiang , Chen Maogen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction:

It is of great significance to confirm reliable indicators for the guidance of pretransplant radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we aim to investigate whether circulating tumor cell (CTC) status is clinical indicator for RFA before liver transplantation (LT) in HCC patients.
Method:

79 HCC patients with pretransplant CTC analysis were enrolled in this retrospective study. Clinical outcomes including recurrence and survival were compared and analyzed between patients with and without pretransplant RFA.
Result

Forty-two patients were detected as CTC- positive and 18 patients received pretransplant RFA. Recurrence was correlated with CTC count (P = 0.024), tumor number (P = 0.035), liver cirrhosis (P = 0.001), Milan criteria (P = 0.003) and University of California San Francisco (UCSF) criteria (P = 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with CTC-positive had higher recurrence rate (P = 0.0257). For CTC-positive patients, the recurrence rate of pretransplant RFA group were significantly lower than non- pretransplant RFA group (0 vs. 46.7%, P = 0.0236). For CTC-negative patients, both recurrence rate and OS rate were similar and without significantly differences. In multivariate analysis, pretransplant RFA was the independent factor for recurrence (P = 0.025).
Conclusion

Pretransplant CTC status can guide the administration of pretransplant RFA in HCC patients which can reduce recurrence in CTC-positive HCC patients.
The Transformation Brought by Soft Computing
Authors: Liang Yun , He Tian-Ping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As a new theory of computer science and technology, soft computing has brought about a comprehensive change from technology to theory to thinking. Based on the perspective of historicism, this paper investigates and examines the specific changes brought by soft computing in the historical process of the development of science and philosophy, and deeply explores the transformative significance of soft computing.
Linking strike directions to invariant TE and TM impedances of the magnetotelluric impedance tensor
Authors: Arellano-Castro Rocio Fabiola , Gómez-Treviño Enrique 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The traditional transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) impedances of the magnetotelluric tensor can be decoupled from the strike direction with significant implications when dealing with galvanic distortions. Distortion-free impedances are obtainable combining a quadratic equation with the phase tensor. In the terminology of Groom-Bailey, the quadratic equation provides amplitudes and phases that are immune to twist and the phase tensor provides phases immune to both, twist and shear. On the other hand, distortion-free strike directions can be obtained using Bahr’s approach or the formula provided by the phase tensor. In principle, this is all that is needed to proceed to a two-dimensional (2D) interpretation. However, the resulting impedances are strike-ignorant because they are invariant under rotation and, if they are to be related to a geological strike they must be linked to a particular direction. This is an extra ambiguity beside the classical of 90 degrees which must be resolved independently. In this work we use the distortion model of Groom-Bailey to resolve the ambiguity by bringing back the coupling between impedances and strike in the presence of galvanic distortions. Considering that most quantities are already known, fitting the responses of the model to the data requires minimizations only over the single variable of twist, instead of the original approach of having to minimize not only twist, shear and strike, but also the impedances themselves. Our approach is a hybrid between existing numerical and analytical approaches that reduces the problem to a binary decision. The fusion of the two approaches is illustrated using synthetic and field data.
Development of the NHS Job Evaluation Tool: A Quantitative Study of Nurses in China
Authors: Gong Jing , Yang Fei , He Runjun , Zhang Dan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aim: Based on the National Health Service job evaluation scheme, we aimed to construct a quality indicator for Chinese nurses.Background: Because most nurses’ low job satisfaction has led to a high turnover rate, establishing a job evaluation system that truly reflects nurses' values has become the core of Chinese nursing work reform.Methods: Based on the literature review and Delphi method, a questionnaire containing 30 items was designed. By stratified sampling, nurses from six tertiary public hospitals in Beijing were selected. We collected 701 valid questionnaires. SPSS 24.0 was used to extract factors and analyze the questionnaire’s reliability and structural validity.Results: We retained 26 factors and divided them into four dimensions: Knowledge and Skills, Responsibility, Work/Environment, and Task Characteristics according to principal component analysis. The Cronbach’s α of four dimensions ranged from 0.890 to 0.923, indicating high reliability. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was 0.960, demonstrating good structural validity. Conclusions: The improved job evaluation system has strong reliability and validity and reflects the nurse’s job characteristics scientifically. Implications for Nursing Management: Nursing managers can apply this job evaluation model to formulate nurses' performance evaluation standards to improve their comprehensive ability.
Glutamate Signaling, Associated With Satellite Glial Cells That Envelop Small Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons Is Highly Involved in the Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Cho Yi Sul , Ko Hyoung-Gon , Mah Won , Kim Yu Shin , Bae Jin Young , Youn Dong Ho , Ahn Dong Kuk , Bae Yong Chul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recent studies implicate glutamate release from satellite glial cells (SGCs) surrounding the primary sensory neurons in the mechanisms of pathologic pain. However, little is known about the population of SGCs in the trigeminal ganglion that is involved in glutamate signaling associated with craniofacial neuropathic pain. To address this issue, we used quantitative analysis of electron microscopic immunogold labeling to investigate the changes in glutamate levels in trigeminal neurons and their enveloping SGCs in a rat model of craniofacial neuropathic pain, chronic constriction injury of inferior alveolar nerve (CCI-ION). The density of immunogold, a measure for glutamate concentration, in the neuronal cell bodies of all sizes, and in the SGCs surrounding them, was significantly higher in rats with CCI-ION than in sham-operated rats. This effect was more pronounced for the small neurons (2.2 times higher) and their SGCs (1.8 times higher) than for the medium and the large neurons and their SGCs, respectively. These findings suggest that each populations of SGCs and their surrounding trigeminal neurons of different type are involved in the glutamate signaling associated with neuropathic pain at a different level.