bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The energy content of restaurant foods without stated calorie information
Authors: Urban Lorien E. , Lichtenstein Alice H. , Gary Christine E. , Fierstein Jamie L. , Equi Ashley , Kussmaul Carolyn , Dallal Gerard E. , Roberts Susan B. 
Published: June 2021

National recommendations emphasize self‐monitoring for prevention and treatment of obesity; however, little information is available on the dietary energy contents of meals obtained from non‐chain restaurants, which account for ≈50% of restaurants in the US. Using bomb calorimetry, we determined gross energy of the 42 most popular meals from 34 randomly selected restaurants in the 9 most common ethnic restaurant categories in Massachusetts. Mean energy of the 158 meals was 1327 kcal (95% CI, 1248–1406 kcal), equivalent to 66% of typical daily energy requirements. All individual meal categories provided substantially more energy than required for weight maintenance, 95% of meals provided >;25% of typical daily energy requirements, and 7% provided >;100%. There was a significant effect of ethnic category on meal energy (P≤.(standardized to gross energy) than equivalent non‐chain entrees in the current study (P=.18), and meals contained 16% more energy than national food database information for equivalent meals (P=.0002). Non‐chain restaurants may be important contributors to the obesity epidemic because they provide large amounts of dietary energy that are incompatible with weight management, and at the same time do not typically report any nutrition information. Funding: USDA agreements 58–1950‐0–0014, 1950–51000‐072–02S.Grant Funding Source: USDA agreements with Tufts University
Clock 3111 T/C SNP Interacts with Saturated Fatty Acid Intake to Modulate Plasma LDL‐C Concentrations in the Boston‐Puerto Rican Health Study
Authors: Dashti Hassan S , Tucker Katherine L. , Smith Caren E. , Ma Yiyi , Lee Yu‐Chi , Ordovás José M. 
Published: June 2021

Disruption of circadian rhythms is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) traits and dyslipidemia and could be induced by variants of circadian genes and a high‐fat diet. While the Clock 3111 T/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been reported to interact with saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake to modulate MetS traits, no study has reported the interaction of this SNP with fat intake on dyslipidemia outcomes, such as elevated LDL‐C concentrations. The aim of the current study was to examine whether the association between Clock 3111 T/C SNP and plasma LDL‐C concentrations is modulated by SFA intake. Participants in the Boston‐Puerto Rican Health Study (n=772) were examined for interaction using multivariate linear regression models, where a dominant genetic model was applied. While LDL‐C did not differ between TT participants and carriers of the minor C allele (TC and CC), by dichotomizing SFA intake, we identified a significant gene‐diet interaction associated with plasma LDL‐C concentrations at this locus (P = 0.01). In the high SFA intake group (≥ 21g/d), the minor C allele was protective against elevated plasma LDL‐C concentrations (P = 0.02). This gene‐diet interaction provides additional evidence for the role of a high‐fat diet in regulating chronobiological functions and, if replicated in additional populations, may be of application for future personalized nutritional recommendations.Grant Funding Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture
Placental expression of the heme scavenger receptor, LDL receptor‐related protein 1, is associated with expression of placental heme exporter, feline leukemia virus C receptor 1
Authors: Cao Chang , Cooper Elizabeth , Pressman Eva , Guillet Ronnie , O'Brien Kimberly O 
Published: June 2021

LDL receptor‐related protein 1 (LRP 1) is the surface receptor for the plasma heme‐hemopexin complex and is involved in heme clearance following intravascular red cell destruction. Both LRP1 and the heme exporter feline leukemia virus C receptor 1 (FLVCR1) are highly expressed in the human placenta and may play a role in partitioning heme iron between the maternal and fetal compartments. To explore this possibility, protein expression of LRP1 (n=122) and FLVCR1 (n=62) were assessed in pregnant adolescents (13–18 y) in relation to plasma concentrations of the heme scavenger, hemopexin, and iron status indicators (hemoglobin, serum ferritin, transferrin receptor, and hepcidin) at mid‐gestation (~26 wks) and in maternal/cord blood at delivery. Placental LRP1 expression was positively associated with placental FLVCR1 (r=0.41, n=62, p<0.01), maternal serum transferrin receptor at delivery (r=0.20, n=117, p=0.03), and cord hepcidin (r=0.22, n=113, p=0.02). Greater decreases in hemopexin across pregnancy were associated with higher placental LRP1 (r=0.33, n=55, p=0.01). Placental LRP1 is associated with placental FLVCR1 and a maternal index of intravascular hemolysis. Further studies are needed to elucidate functional roles of LRP1 in placental iron transport.Supported by: USDA 2008–0857Grant Funding Source: USDA
Usability of mobile phone food records to assess dietary intake in adolescents
Authors: Casperson Shanon L. , Reineke Jessica , Sieling Jared , Moon Jon , Roemmich James 
Published: June 2021

Mobile technologies are emerging as a valuable tool to collect and assess dietary intake. Adolescents readily accept and adopt new technologies, hence, a food record application (FRapp) may provide an accurate mechanism to monitor dietary intake. We examined the usability of a FRapp in 17 free‐living adolescents. Participants (11 – 14 y) received detailed instructions and were asked to capture before and after images of all foods and beverages consumed, and enter text descriptions using the FRapp for 3–7 days. Sixteen participants used the FRapp and 1 used the phone's native camera function to capture food images. A total of 109 meals were recorded, of which 40% included a post meal image. 62% of images included all foods, beverages and a fiducial marker. Text was recorded for 10 meals without images. Only 6 participants recorded 3 meals a day. One participant reported the FRapp as being too difficult (1 meal recorded) and another recorded all meals as snacks. Of the meals recorded, 25, 24, 25, and 35 were breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks, respectively. These data suggest that a FRapp can be useful for dietary intake assessment in adolescents. A detailed interactive training session, including a test meal, may increase the inclusion of all foods and beverages in the images. Additionally, a trigger is needed to remind participants to take a post image.Grant Funding Source: ARS‐USDA
Lycopene metabolite, apo‐10′‐lycopenoic acid, inhibits diet‐induced obesity‐promoted liver carcinogenesis via the up‐regulation of SIRT1 signaling and the decrease in liver inflammation.
Authors: IP Blanche C , Hu Kang‐Quan , Liu Chun , Smith Donald E. , Ausman Lynne M. , Wang Xiang‐Dong 
Published: June 2021

Chronic inflammation caused by diet induced‐obesity (DIO) is associated with increased liver cancer risk. We previously demonstrated that dietary lycopene ameliorated DIO‐promoted liver precancerous lesions, while supplementation of lycopene's cleavage metabolite, apo‐10′‐lycopenoic acid (APOLA), upregulated hepatic sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity. SIRT1 is a NAD‐dependent deacetylase that inhibits DIO‐promoted liver inflammation and carcinogenesis when overexpressed. This study aimed to elucidate the chemopreventative effects of APOLA and associated SIRT1 signaling with in‐vitro and in‐vivo models. APOLA treatment in immortalized liver cells upregulated SIRT1 expression and AMP‐activated protein kinase‐á (AMPKá) phosphorylation in a dose‐dependent manner. Dietary APOLA at 10 mg/kg of diet for 24 weeks significantly reduced carcinogen‐initiated, DIO‐promoted liver cancer (in tumor multiplicity and volume) and lung tumor incidence in C57BL/6J mice. These outcomes were associated with reduced liver inflammation (decreased cleavage of caspase‐1, IL‐6, TNFá, NF‐êB p65 protein expression, and inflammatory foci), and increased hepatic AMPKá phosphorylation, SIRT1 protein expression and its deacetylase activity. Taken together, this present study revealed that APOLA inhibits DIO‐promoted liver carcinogenesis by stimulating AMPK‐SIRT1 signaling and reducing liver inflammation.Grant Funding Source: USDA/ARS Grant 1950–51000‐064S
Differential response of anabolic signaling with high‐fat feeding and aging in skeletal muscle after insulin stimulation
Authors: McDonald Devin J , Morris Evan P , Haran Prashanth H , Fielding Roger A , Rivas Donato A 
Published: June 2021

The increased accumulation of intramyocellular lipids with advancing age and obesity may be a contributing factor to anabolic resistance in skeletal muscle. Aging and obesity have differential causes of fat accumulation in muscle and it is hypothesized they may have divergent mechanisms leading to anabolic resistance. In order to test this hypothesis we used C57BL/6 mice aged 6 months and fed a control diet (YNG CFD, 15% fat/kcal) or a diet high in fat (YNG HFD, 60% fat/kcal) and mice aged 24 months fed a control diet (OLD CFD) for 12 weeks. The animals were then fasted 5 h and were either injected with a single bolus of insulin (INS, 0.85 IU/kg bw) or saline vehicle (SAL) 30 mins before skeletal muscle collection. Western blotting was carried out to detect differences in activation of growth and degradation pathways. The phosphorylation Akt, mTOR and S6K1 were higher with INS in all groups but the magnitude of this change was differentially affected by age and diet. INS did not change the phosphorylation of FOXO1/FOXO4, NFβB and its inhibitor IκBα. However, IκBα phosphorylation, and therefore inactivation, was higher in OLD CFD in SAL and INS groups. Using quantitative PCR we observed a significant difference in the gene expression of NFβB targets, TLR2 and IL1β with aging and diet. We conclude that aging and a high‐fat diet differentially effect growth and degradation pathways in skeletal muscle after insulin stimulation.Grant Funding Source: USDA and NIH/NIA
The association between diet quality, BMI and health‐related quality of life in the Geisinger Rural Aging Study (GRAS)
Authors: Ford Dara J , Jensen Gordon L , Bailey Regan , Smiciklas‐Wright Helen , Erickson Pennifer , Wood Craig , Still Christopher , Coffman Donna , Hartman Terryl J 
Published: June 2021

Nutrition status is a predictor of quality of life. This study sought to determine the association between diet quality, BMI, and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in a population of adults ≥74 y. The Diet Screening Tool (DST) is a 25 item questionnaire scored from 0 (poor) to 100 developed to assess diet quality in older adults. The Health and Activity Limitations Index (HALex) is a HRQOL measure scored on a 0.0 (death) to 1.0 (optimal health) scale. A total of 5,993 GRAS participants were mailed HRQOL and DST questionnaires with 2,975 (1260 male, 1715 female; mean age 81.4 ± 4.4) providing complete data. Multivariate linear regression models were used to analyze associations between HALex score, BMI and DST score after controlling for gender, age, education, and smoking. The mean adjusted HALex score for participants in the lowest quintile of DST scores was 0.72 ± 0.2 compared to 0.77 ± 0.2 for those in the highest quintile of DST Scores (p‐trend <0.01). Adjusted mean HALex scores were significantly lower for obese (BMI ≥30; 0.72 ± 0.21, P=0.006) and underweight individuals (BMI <18.5; 0.64 ± 0.23, P=0.02) and significantly higher for overweight individuals (BMI 25–29.9; 0.76 ± 0.18, P=0.02) compared to those with BMI 18.5–24.9 (0.73 ± 0.22). Poor diet quality, as assessed by the DST, is associated with lower HRQOL in older adults. USDA #1950–51530‐010–00Grant Funding Source: USDA
Calcium homeostasis and bone metabolic responses to protein diets and energy restriction: a randomized control trial
Authors: Cao Jay , Pasiakos Stefan M , Margolis Lee M. , Whigham Leah D. , McClung James P. , Young Andrew J. , Combs Gerald F. 
Published: June 2021

Despite some beneficial effects on bone, high protein diets have been conventionally considered a primary dietary risk factor for osteoporosis due to the acid load associated with protein catabolism. To test the hypothesis that high dietary protein diets do not negatively affect calcium homeostasis and bone turnover, 32 men and 7 women consumed diets providing protein at 0.8 (RDA), 1.6 (2X‐RDA), or 2.4 (3X‐RDA) g·kg‐1·d‐1 for 31 days in a randomized‐block design. Ten‐day of weight maintenance (WM, days 1–10) preceded 21‐day of energy deficit (ED, days 11–31), during which energy intake was restricted to 60% of WM. Ca absorption (ratio of 44Ca:42Ca) and circulating indices of bone turnover and were determined during WM (day 8) and ED (day 29). Regardless of energy state, urinary pH was lower (P < 0.05) for 2X‐RDA (6.28 ± 0.05) and 3X‐RDA (6.23 ± 0.06) compared to RDA (6.54 ± 0.06). ED induced weight loss (3.2 ± 1.0 kg body mass, P < 0.05), and a 13% reduction in serum IGF‐I (P < 0.01). Remaining markers of bone turnover, as well as urinary Ca excretion, absorption, bone mineral density and content were not affected by protein level and ED (P >; 0.05). These data demonstrate that consuming high protein diets do not disrupt Ca homeostasis and skeletal integrity, whereas reductions in IGF‐1 may suggest diminished bone formation during sustained ED.The study was supported by USDA ARS and USAMRMC.
Enrichment of meiotic recombination hotspot sequences by avidin capture technology
Authors: Teixeira Daniel Camara , Zempleni Janos , Malkaram Sridhar A 
Published: June 2021

About 40% of the hotspots for meiotic recombination contain the degenerate consensus sequence 5′‐CCNCCNTNNCCNC‐3′. Here we present a novel protocol for enriching hotspot sequences from digested genomic DNA by using biotinylated oligonucleotides and streptavidin‐coated magnetic beads. The captured hotspots can be released by simple digestion with restriction enzymes for subsequent characterization by second generation sequencing or PCR. The capture protocol specifically enriches hotspot sequences, judged by using fluorophore‐conjugated synthetic oligonucleotides and synthetic double‐stranded oligonucleotides in combination with PCR. The capture protocol enriches single stranded DNA, denatured double‐stranded DNA, and large fragments (>;3,000 bp) of digested plasmid DNA with good efficacy. No false positive and false negatives were detected when enriching digested DNA from human cell cultures and primary human cells. The protocol can be adopted to enriching sequences other than the hotspot sequence by altering the sequence in the capture oligonucleotide. We intend to apply this protocol in studies assessing effects of micronutrient status on meiotic recombination events in human sperm.Grant Funding Source: ARD Hatch, NIFA and NIH.
Climatic variation in human choanal shape: A 3D geometric morphometric study
Authors: Pagano Anthony Santino , Yuan Derek , Fischer Daniel , Laitman Jeffrey T. 
Published: June 2021

There has been considerable study on climatic diversity in human piriform aperture dimensions but relatively little on the posterior nares or choanae. This study quantified shape differences in choanal morphology between two broad groups of “cold” and “tropical” climate human populations. The former consisted of Alaskan Inuits, Aleutian Islanders, Northern Chinese, and Northern Europeans (n=131) while the latter group was comprised of East and West Africans and South East Asians (n=63). Such broad groups were employed to control for any feature not directly related to climate (e.g. facial prognathism). Shape differences were quantified from landmark coordinate data collected via a Microscribe digitizer. After Procrustean superimpositioning, relative distances were compared via Student's t‐tests. The results showed that found that cold climate populations may be distinguished by significantly (p<0.0001) smaller choanal plane angles (more vertically oriented choanae), smaller maximum relative nasopharyngeal depth (staphylion‐sphenobasion chord), and higher relative medial pterygoid plate height. However, none of these features distinguished any single cold climate population from all other tropical populations. Climate likely influences choanal and overall nasopharyngeal morphology in a global context that is discernable only in large‐scale comparison of pooled populations.Grant Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Health disparity in Honduras: evaluation of growth status in children ages 6–60 months compared to mother's body mass index
Authors: Endres Emily L , Kemmer Teresa M , Coello Miguel 
Published: June 2021

In Honduras, one in four children suffer from malnutrition. The purpose was to determine if growth parameters are associated with socioeconomic status and the mother's body mass index (BMI). Height and weight were obtained from randomly selected children in this cross‐sectional study of 53 children ages 6–60 months and their mothers living in Montaña de la Flor, Honduras. In children, stunted was defined as height‐for‐age <−2 z‐score (HAZ), wasted as weight‐for‐height <−2 z‐score (WHZ), and underweight as weight‐for‐age <−2 z‐score (WAZ). Mother's BMI was defined as underweight <18.5, normal 18.5–24.99, overweight 25–29.99, obese ≥30 and stunting in the mother as height <145 cm. Prevalence of children stunted was 53%; wasted 6%, and underweight 40%. Mother's prevalence was overweight 22%, obese 4% and stunted 30%. Mother's BMI was not significantly associated with children's growth parameters. Of the mother‐child pairs evaluated (n=46) when the mother's BMI was ≥ 25, 15% had a child that was stunted, 13% underweight and none wasted. Significant associations were found between WAZ and telephone ownership, piped water, type of roofing and household food security (child having no breakfast, eating less and going hungry, decreased access to food, and adult going hungry).Grant Funding Source: USDA NIFA Competitive Grant 2011 67002 30202 and USDA, SD Agricultural Experiment Station Grant SD00H249–08.
Household food security and dietary diversity in the context of an agricultural and market development program in Guatemala
Authors: Cintron Julio R Lopez , Engeseth Nicki J , Dong Faye M , Greene Jennifer C , Wuth Alicia , Peterson Ross , Torres Pablo , Andrade Juan E , Helferich William G 
Published: June 2021

WFP's Purchase for Progress (P4P) is a pilot program that enhances agricultural productivity and access to markets among low‐income farmers. We compared food security and dietary diversity between P4P beneficiaries and a control group. We evaluated household conditions, food security (ELCSA), and dietary diversity in 372 households (271 P4P; 101 control) using a cross‐sectional design and mixed‐methods. Most Significant Change methodology was used to characterize participants’ experiences. Education level (EL), number of children (NC), household quality (HQS), food security (FSS), carotenoid‐rich foods (VAS), and dietary diversity for households (HDDS), women (WDDS), children (IDDS), and normalized (HDDSn) were calculated. P4P participants were less food insecure (FSS=7.4±4.4, 9.2±3.1; p<0.01), and had increased dietary diversity (HDDS=8.9±1.8, 7.0±1.8; p<0.01), HDDSn, WDDS, IDDS, and VAS (p<0.01) than controls. For P4P, FSS was associated with EL (r=0.23, p<0.05); and HDDS with EL (r=0.23, p<0.05) and NC (r=−0.17). For controls, FSS was associated (p<0.05) with HDDS (r=0.53), HQS (r=0.61), and NC (r=−0.23). Women empowerment, intra‐household dynamics, higher crop productivity and technical knowledge were dominant themes among P4P beneficiaries. P4P program has a positive effect on food security and dietary diversity, which are perceived as important elements in improving livelihoods.Grant Funding Source: Ayre international research fellowship (JRL), Hatch (JEA), USDA‐ISE (WGH, NJE, and JEA)
The development of a valid measure of school children's fruit and vegetable consumption
Authors: Taylor Jennifer C , Yon Bethany A , Johnson Rachel K 
Published: June 2021

As interventions aim to increase schoolchildren's fruit and vegetable (F/V) consumption, accurate dietary assessment methods not subject to self‐report errors are needed. We tested the validity of three methods in schoolchildren (grades 3–5). F/V consumption was assessed using direct observation (DO)(n=101), digital imaging (DI)(n=165), and digital imaging plus observation (DI+O)(n=167) over four days at two school sites and tested against weighed plate waste (WPW). Validity was tested using Pearson correlations, paired t‐tests, and Bland‐Altman plots. DO (r≥0.92), DI (r≥0.91), and DI+O (r≥0.95) were strongly correlated with WPW for consumption of fruits, vegetables, and F/V combined (p<0.01). Pearson correlations for DI versus DI+O increased for lasagna, soup and whole fruit. Mean biases for total F/V consumption/tray did not differ from WPW when using DO (p=0.39), DI (p=0.56), or DI+O (p=0.38). DO underestimated mean fruit consumption/tray by 3.0 gm (p<0.05), and DI+O overestimated mean vegetable consumption/tray by 2.8 gm (p<0.05). Bland‐Altman limits of agreement for individual F/V consumption were within ~one oz for DO (−35.9 to 38.9 gm), DI (−31.3 to 32.9), and DI+O (−26.8 to 25.0). DO, DI, and DI+O were all valid for assessing mean consumption. DI may be especially promising for assessing mean consumption of fruits, vegetables and F/V combined as excluding observations reduces labor and time.Grant Funding Source: USDA ‐ Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station and the Bickford Scholar Research Fund
Sex differences in diet quality and health measures in US Soldiers entering initial military training
Authors: Lutz Laura J , Gaffney‐Stomberg Erin , Scisco Jenna L , Pasiakos Stefan M , McGraw Susan , Cable Sonya J , Young Andrew J , McClung James P 
Published: June 2021

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) aim to provide nutrition recommendations that promote health and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) provides a measure of adherence to the DGA. The HEI may be a useful tool for assessing Soldiers’ diets and identifying nutrition education topics of benefit. This study assessed diet quality and health biomarkers of female (n= 71) and male (n= 117) Soldiers (20 ± 3 yr [mean ± SD]). A quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and fasting blood were collected at the beginning of basic combat training. FFQ data were then converted to a HEI score, which ranges from 0–100. The average HEI score was 58.8 ± 10.6. Females had a higher HEI score than males (62.9 ± 11.7 v. 56.4 ± 9.2, P < 0.05) indicating females had better adherence to the DGA. Male HEI scores negatively correlated with their total cholesterol (−0.228; P < 0.05). However, there were no significant correlations between HEI scores and weight, BMI, percent body fat, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, or glucose for either sex. Females had higher HEI scores than males for intake of calories from solid fats, alcoholic beverages and added sugars, percent of energy from saturated fat, whole and total fruit servings, and total vegetable servings (P < 0.05, all such). These data indicate sex differences in diet quality and may provide insight into which topics should be the focus of nutrition education for Soldiers.Research supported by MRMC.