bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the Cause of Young Women Diagnosed with Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Despite Routine Screening
Authors: Jewlal Elizabeth , D'Souza David , Shaddick Heather , Patel Nikhilesh , Leung Eric , Sugimoto Akira , McGee Jacob , Prefontaine Michael 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundScreening programs for cervical cancer in developed countries have led to a marked reduction in mortality given their ability to detect early stage disease. Despite this success, there remains a concerning number of women compliant with regular screening that are diagnosed with advanced disease – a particularly devastating diagnosis for young women given the sexual and reproductive consequences. To explore the reasons behind this shortcoming, the present study sought to identify diagnostic commonalities amongst young women compliant with screening who presented to a tertiary cancer hospital with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC).MethodsA review of all women (age<50) with LACC receiving definitive chemoradiation between Sept/10‐Dec/12 at our institution was performed to identify those with a routine Pap test done ≤2y prior to diagnosis. Eligible women were offered semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews focusing on 4 areas: presenting symptoms, experience with the health care system, feelings after diagnosis, and perception of their future. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and a constant comparison analysis was performed to identify key themes. Thirteen out of 38 women (34%) with LACC were compliant with screening prior to diagnosis and met the other study criteria (median age: 38 (27–49)). All had a normal Pap, except one, completed 11 months prior to diagnosis. Ten consented to participate in an interview.ResultsSeveral key themes were identified: a lack of understanding about the symptoms/diagnosis of cervical cancer and a belief that LACC does not occur in those compliant with screening, reluctance from health care providers to perform pelvic examinations, the emotional burden of diagnosis on both the patient and their families and lessons learned with a different outlook for the future.ConclusionsThere is a need to educate physicians and the public about cervical cancer, even where screening is available. Delay in diagnosis has detrimental effects on quality of life and likely prognosis.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Design and Development of a Lumbar Puncture Simulation Model
Authors: Kamala Lakshmi , Zhang Sarah , Farias Anna , Kalajdzic Besim , Khayat Andre , Schuelke‐Leech Beth‐Anne , Urbanic Jill 
Published: June 2021

Traditionally, medical trainees have been taught how to perform clinical skills on patients, moving directly from observation of senior physicians to carrying out the procedure themselves. In recent years, there has been a shift in medical education towards including simulation‐based teaching methods, which has been associated with reduced learner discomfort and improved patient outcomes. Simulation models are currently used to train medical students on lumbar punctures. The aim of this project is to improve upon existing models by creating a lumbar puncture simulation model with flexibility in the spine, with anatomically accurate physical measurements and mechanical properties, where required. Clinicians were interviewed to gather input on the initial design of the model, and will be interviewed again after testing the prototype to obtain feedback on how to further modify the model for increased clinical accuracy. A parametric CAD model was based on anatomic data collected by cadaveric experiments and measurements obtained from a literature search of imaging, cadaveric and in vivo studies. We will discuss the current prototype of the lumbar puncture model and the mechanical properties, physical measurements and clinician input incorporated in the design. Improved anatomic accuracy of the finalized model will allow trainees to translate their lumbar puncture skills more readily from practicing on the simulation model to performing on patients, leading to increased patient safety.Support or Funding InformationSchulich ‐ UWindsor Opportunities for Research Excellence Program (SWORP)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
INNOVATION IN FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY EDUCATION: The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Tulp from the past to the Present
Authors: Tulp Orien L. , Ortiz‐Bustillo Manuel LEE , Einstein George P. , Sainvil Frantz , Konyk Carla M. , Branly Rolando L. , Brown Tony L. 
Published: June 2021

In recent decades, there have been many technological innovations and improvement in the pedagogy of medical education. We have applied some of these developments to one of the most important and most fundamental elements in modern medical education, while combining traditional and innovative approaches. Gross anatomy is a core course for first year medical and some graduate students from the beginnings of time, since Nicholaes Tulp was first depicted by Rembrandt in the now classic painting “The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Tulp”. In the now famous Rembrandt, Dr Tulp is shown dissecting an unembalmed cadaver, while paid onlookers viewed the dissection of the cadaver with great interest. At USAT, the anatomy dissection begins with didactic lectures, much along the traditional lines, but with the exception that the discussion is orientated toward a clinical setting for each phase of the lectures. This is followed by lectures in Organ Systems Pathophysiology, Medical Biophysics, and finally by Introduction to the dissection laboratory. All dissections utilize fresh, unembalmed cadavers, all safety tested for hazards or pre‐existing infectious diseases before the start of the dissection, which takes place in a state of the art facility. Prior to the dissection, important sensitivity instruction is given, including acceptable respect, appropriate laboratory and clinical attire [scrubs, surgical gowns, and all needed instruments are provided each student], proper and expected personal demeanor during the dissection. During the dissections, which last for several days on each cadaver, key surgical and medical procedures that are likely to be needed during PGY‐I are demonstrated on each cadaver, including insertion of chest tubes, spinal taps, Intubation, topical and cosmetic suturing, endoscopy, 3‐D imaging, surgical technique, and others. The culmination of the dissection ends with each student being able to demonstrate the above procedures to standard, and with a complete functional dissection of the cadaver. At the conclusion of the lab body parts are recon our curricukum.nected and prepared for disposal and the ashes returned to the family that donated the cadaver. As an outcome, USAT anatomy lab has become one of the most sought after courses in the first year curriculum, with many student requesting to retake it multiple more times.Support or Funding InformationSupported by Institutional Resources of the College of Medicine, USAT MontserratThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Value of Traditional Lecture in Medical Gross Anatomy
Authors: Klender Sara Marie , Notebaert Andrew 
Published: June 2021

Traditional lecture is continuously used in the medical school curricula as it is viewed by some to be the most efficient way to convey vast amounts of material to large groups of students. However, due to the rapid pace of traditional lecture and the constraints of working memory, it is extremely unlikely that most of the information presented in a given lecture is processed by the student in any meaningful capacity. Previous studies have revealed that despite these limitations, students continue to prefer lectures and teachers continue to use them as their primary teaching method. To investigate the value of traditional lecture both from a knowledge retention standpoint and the students' perception of the lecture, a survey of medical gross anatomy students (n=50) was conducted during a standard gross anatomy lecture on the spinal nerve. Immediately following the lecture, a survey was given to the students that asked about their perceptions of traditional lecture by having them rate on a scale of 1–10 (1 being low and 10 being high) how much they felt they learned in lecture, how much lecture guides their studying, and how important it is to attend lecture. In addition to the survey, students were given a short five question quiz to assess their immediate recall of the material that was covered. The results of the post‐lecture quiz were then compared to performance on questions covering the exact same topic on the unit exam. Four of the five questions on the unit exam were identical to questions on the post‐lecture quiz. One question was changed, but still covered content from the spinal nerve lecture. The results of the survey indicated that the students perceived a relatively low level of learning during lecture (m=4.84 ± 1.7 out of a possible 10), but placed a slightly higher value on using lectures to guide studying (m=6.18 ± 2.3 out of 10) and the importance of attending lecture (m=5.96 ± 2.3 out of 10). There was a significant difference in scores on the post‐lecture assessment (m=2.36 ± 1.5 out of a possible 5) and the unit exam (m=4.47 ± 0.9 out of 5); t(46)=−9.3, p < 0.001. This study demonstrates that students see some value in traditional lecture, but maybe less than previous studies have shown. Students' immediate recall after the given lecture was poor, however, performance on the unit exam was high for similar questions. This indicates that the bulk of content learning for exam preparation was done outside of class. These findings provide more evidence that instructors should design lectures that allow for the processing of information during lecture to avoid overloading working memory and potentially increase the perception of value in the lecture experience. This can be achieved by using activities that check for understanding, such as think‐pair‐share, and providing an opportunity for students to work with content immediately after delivery.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Comparison of traditional and gamified student response systems: does more fun come at a cost?
Authors: Shaffer Justin Franklin , Yabuno Kristen , Luong Ethan 
Published: June 2021

Student response systems (often called “clickers”) are typically used in college and medical courses as a form of active learning to increase engagement and promote learning. Recent modifications to student response systems include “gamification” where game‐like elements (such as competitions, earning points for speed, winning medals, etc) are added with the goal of further increasing participation, engagement, and excitement in the classroom. However, little is known about the relative impacts of traditional student response systems compared to those of gamified systems when both are used in the same course. The goal of this study was to compare student performance with and perceptions of a traditional student response system (iClicker) and a gamified version (Kahoot!) that were both used in the same course. Our hypotheses were that student performance from iClickers would be more predictive of exam performance than Kahoot!, but that students would perceive Kahoot! as being more fun and engaging than iClickers. Students from two sections of a large enrollment undergraduate human anatomy course (n = 254) answered in‐class iClicker questions for participation credit and voluntarily answered in‐class Kahoot! questions for no credit. Students also completed end‐of‐course surveys rating their perceptions of both systems. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze exam performance as a function of student performance on iClicker questions and Kahoot! questions (while controlling for student demographics). The models showed that both iClicker performance and Kahoot! performance were significantly positively correlated with exam performance with nearly identical effect sizes. Additionally, student survey data showed that over 80% of students rated both systems as being both fun and effective ways to learn. However, while >95% of students reported that while iClickers should be used in every day of class, approximately 66% of students reported that Kahoot! should only be played once a week. These results suggest that student performance with traditional and gamified student response systems may be similarly correlated with exam performance but that gamified systems may need to be used more sparingly than traditional systems in order to maintain high levels of engagement.Support or Funding InformationFunding provided by the UC Irvine Office of the Vice Provost for Teaching and LearningThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Role of Thoracolumbar Fascia in Planar Spread of Quadratus Lumborum Blocks
Authors: Van Nuland Sonya E. , Langley Natalie R. , Shetty Shreya , Weidner Tiffany , Hangge Patrick , Patel Naresh P. , Young‐Fadok Tonia M. 
Published: June 2021

Injections of local anesthetic in the fascial planes around the quadratus lumborum muscle (QL blocks) are performed for postoperative pain control after abdominal surgeries. Multiple approaches of injecting anesthetic in and around the QL have been reported (anterior, posterior, transmuscular, intramuscular and lateral QL blocks). These techniques vary in terms of ease of administration and extent of analgesia. The extent of the anesthetic spread from this ultrasound‐guided procedure is influenced by the fascial layers surrounding the QL. A limited number of studies on small samples using varying amounts of anesthetic have left open questions regarding the extent of spread of local anesthetic and the best approach. This study evaluates the local anesthetic spread of two ultrasound‐guided lateral QL block approaches that have proven effective in controlling postoperative pain. A methylene blue‐dyed saline solution (40mL per QL block) is injected into fresh frozen cadavers (n=10). With the patient in supine position, the needle tip is placed at either (1) the anterolateral border of the QL deep to the transversalis fascia or (2) anterior to the transversus abdominus muscle superficial to its aponeurosis. Anatomic dissection of the injection plane is then performed to determine the extent of spread of the dyed saline. We hypothesize that the continuity between the transversalis fascia and the anterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia (anterior to the QL) facilitates the cranial spread of the anesthetic under the lateral arcuate ligament to the endothoracic fascia. This would explain our observed analgesic effect past the umbilical region to dermatomes in the epigastric region (T7–T8). Understanding how QL fascial planes facilitate anesthetic spread will enable intraoperative administration of these blocks to be tailored to specific procedures and facilitate post‐operative recovery after abdominal operations. Improved methods of intraoperative pain management may reduce post‐operative opioid use and support the medical community in addressing the opioid epidemic in the United States.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
TGF‐β suppresses inflammation through the repression of interleukin‐33 (IL‐33)
Authors: Gerace Marnae M. , Den Haese Jason P. , Bakin Andrei V. , Gervasi Megan E. 
Published: June 2021

Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) is a member of the TGF‐β superfamily of cytokines, which are involved in a wide variety of biological functions such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. TGF‐β1 binds to a receptor complex and stimulates a set of signaling events leading to changes in gene expression and cell behavior. TGF‐β1 specifically has been shown to be a key player in wound repair and modulation of the immune response. Microarray analysis of normal mouse mammary epithelial cells (NMuMG) treated with TGF‐β1, indicated that the interleukin‐1 family member interleukin‐33 (IL‐33) is repressed by TGF‐β1. IL‐33 is passively released following tissue damage and functions as an alarmin, alerting the immune system to the presence of tissue damage. The goal of this study was to determine if TGF‐β1 decreased the amount of IL‐33 passively released by cells following tissue damage. We utilized previously established methods of inducing passive release of IL‐33 in cell culture. Pretreatment of cells with TGF‐β1 resulted in significantly lower levels of released IL‐33 following induction of tissue damage.These studies may identify a novel therapeutic target for treatment of diseases such as psoriasis, asthma and Crohn's disease. All of these diseases are associated with elevated levels of IL‐33 as well as altered TGF‐β responses. Further investigation of the immune cells affected by repression of IL‐33 could provide information into the specific mechanism of action.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Protective effect of silybin against verapamil‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Hassan Sherif , Rizk Ayman , Motawie Ahmed G. , Abdelfattah Shereen M. , Ramaraj Pandurangan 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundVerapamil (VPA) is considered one of the anticonvulsant and mood‐stabilizing drug used for treating seizures and epilepsy. Several mechanisms have been suggested for VPA hepatotoxicity most of them are associated with oxidative stress. Silybin (silymarin) is a flavonoid known for its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant properties. It may be possible to use silybin to protect against VPA‐induced hepatotoxicity.Aim of studyThe aim was to study the protective effect of silybin against VPA‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Methods40 rats were equally divided into 4 equal groups of 10 rats: Group I: (Control), Group II (sham), Group III (VPA), and Group IV (silybin+VPA). Liver sections were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical study. Blood samples were taken to test for liver enzymes. Histomorphometric and statistical analysis were performed.ResultsLiver sections of Group III showed focal areas of degenerated hepatocytes and dilated congested central veins. The hepatocytes revealed small vacuoles, pyknotic nuclei and marked inflammatory cellular infiltrations. There were dilation and congestion of the hepatic sinusoids. The hepatocytes revealed weak PAS reaction and strong Caspase 3 immunostaining. There were marked increase in the liver enzymes including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT). Group IV showed remarkable improvement and preservation of the hepatic architecture apart from mild pathological changes. Most hepatocytes were apparently normal. Strong positive PAS reaction and scanty weak Caspase 3 immunostaining were noticed. The liver enzymes were within normal as compared with the control group. The data were analyzed using SPSS and were described as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Then statistical comparison was performed using one‐way analysis of variance. Differences between mean values were assessed using a t test. A P<.05 was considered statistically significant.ConclusionSilybin could protect against verapamil‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Support or Funding InformationThis study is self‐fundedThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Facial Distances and Possible Risk of High Blood Pressure: The Analyses of Young and Middle‐ Aged Adult Populations of Northern Nigeria
Authors: Taura Magaji Garba , Adamu Lawan Hassan 
Published: June 2021

The objectives of the study were to determine the relationship between the facial distances and blood pressure across different age groups of young adults and middle‐aged population in males and females of northern Nigeria. Secondly, to determine the best facial predictors and discriminators of the blood pressure in the study population. Participants included 397 males and 159 females of northern of Nigeria with mean age of 25.37± 7.78 years. The facial distances were measured using direct anthropometry and blood pressure was determined using standard protocols. Pearson's correlation, step–wise multiple linear regression and receiver operating characteristic curve were employed to analyze the data. Measurements of blood pressure were in mmHg, age in years, bmi in kg/m2 and the remaining facial distances in mm. It was observed that no significant correlation between the facial distances and blood pressure (BP) in younger adult males and females except for lower facial height (LFH) and diastolic BP in males. Above the age of 30 years, significant correlation was noticed between the right ear width (EW), left EW, head length (HL) with both systolic and diastolic BP. The nasal length (NL) and nasal width (NW) correlated significantly with systolic and diastolic BP respectively in males only. For females, bizygomatic distance (BD) correlated only with systolic BP. The best predictors of systolic BP were left EW and HL in males and females respectively, while the best predictors of diastolic BP were left EW and right EW in males and females respectively. LFH was found to predict only the systolic blood pressure component in younger male adults. The best discriminating potential of facial distances with regard to abnormal blood pressure was only observed in the middle‐aged population. In both sexes right EW and left EW had more than 80% discriminating ability of abnormal BP (area under curve > 0.80). However, head width (HW) and HL had more than 80% discriminating ability of abnormal BP in males and females respectively. In conclusion, a significant correlation was observed between the facial distances and BP in middle‐ aged adult population. The facial soft tissue gave best predictors and discriminator in both sexes.Support or Funding InformationNoneThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.