bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studi karakteristik sub kronis limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun fly ash industri pulp dan kertas PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper
Authors: Jailani Jailani , Mulyadi Aras , Karnila Rahmat 
Published: March 2021

Sub chronic Characteristics Study of Hazardous waste fly ash Pulp and Paper Industry PT Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper aimed to observed hazardous waste characteristics, both physical or toxically characteristics (TCLP, LD50, and Sub chronic), to observe the influence of fly ash doses to mice trough toxic sub chronic characteristics tes . The research methods used survey and experimental method. Survey method is used to analyze certificate of analysis data from fly ash characteristic tesed .Experimental method is used for sub chronic tes to mice animals tes in 90 days with dosage, control (0 mg/kg body weight ), low (5 mg/kg body weight), medium (50 mg/kg body weigh), and high (500 mg/kg body weight). Results of this research showed that fly ash from Pulp and Paper Industry PT RAPP passed characteristics tes of explosive, flammable, reactive and toxic characteristics (TCLP, LD50, and Sub chronic). Dosage of fly ash level in 0 mg/kg body weight, 5 mg/kg body weight, 50 mg/kg body weight, 500 mg/kg body weight for 90 days are not influences for increasing the weight of mice body, food and beverage intake, metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, hematology and NOAEL value is over 500 mg/kg weight of body. Based on this research had been concluded that fly ash from Pulp and Paper Industry PT RAPP not identified as hazardous waste and can be submitted to KLHK for do exceptions study as hazardous waste in accordance with article 191 PP 101 Year 2014.
A Pedagogy of Community
Authors: Craven Sri 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The key argument of this article is that a pedagogy that centralizes community-based learning in critical social theory courses fosters analytical skills beyond such courses and beyond the undergraduate classroom. Based on a gender and sexuality studies course where the content is critical social theory in nonwestern context, this article describes three strategies that facilitate community-based learning. These strategies draw from equity-based teaching as advocated in multicultural education theories, and in the salience of community as advocated in feminist, multicultural, critical pedagogy, and social justice education theories. As the outcomes discussed illuminate, this pedagogical model supports students with limited prior experience with or access to learning methods associated with reading and writing and, in general, learners of critical social theory. The pedagogy is applicable to theory-based courses in a range of disciplinary and interdisciplinary fields and contributes to the demystifying and decolonizing of theory from charges of elitism and/or irrelevance.
Letting Go of the Lesson Plan: Spontaneity and Flexibility in a Learner-Centered Approach to Maximize Learning in a Graduate School Setting
Authors: Rosen Michelle L. , Cerullo Jillian , Martinez Giselle , Mione Kerri-Kirk , Note Amanda , Vasquez Nadia 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
As college classrooms become more diverse, university faculty members need to find more effective ways to increase student-learning outcomes. Research suggests that to do so, faculty members take a more learner-centered approach. This article highlights a graduate course in an urban, diverse East Coast institution rooted in a learner-centered pedagogy. It examines what transpired after the professor “let go of her own lesson plan,” allowing her students to assume full ownership in order to create a meaningful experience for themselves and undergraduate teacher education students.
Laboratory and Clinical Implications of Incidental and Secondary Germline Findings During Tumor Testing
Authors: Cushman-Vokoun Allison , Lauring Josh , Pfeifer John , Olson Damon R. , Berry Anna , Thorson John , Voelkerding Karl , Myles Jonathan , Barbeau James , Chandra Pranil , Li Marilyn , Vance Gail H. , Jensen Brad W. , Hansen Molly Y. , Yohe Sophia 
Published: March 2021

Context.—
Next-generation sequencing is a powerful clinical tool for cancer management but can produce incidental/secondary findings that require special consideration.

Objective.—
To discuss clinical and laboratory issues related to incidental or secondary germline findings in the clinical setting of tumor testing and inform future guidelines in this area.

Design.—
A College of American Pathologists workgroup including representation from the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the Association for Molecular Pathology, and the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics created a review of items that should be considered when developing guidelines for incidental or secondary findings when performing clinical tumor testing.

Results.—
Testing recommendations should be cognizant of the differences among anticipated incidental, unanticipated incidental, and secondary findings, and whether normal tissue is also tested. In addition to defining which variants will be reported, robust recommendations must also take into account test design and validation, reimbursement, cost, infrastructure, impact on reflex testing, and maintenance of proficiency. Care providers need to consider the potential of a test to uncover incidental or secondary findings, the recommendation of upfront counseling, the need for consent, the timing of testing and counseling, and that the exact significance of a finding may not be clear.

Conclusions.—
As clinical oncology testing panels have become a mainstay of clinical cancer care, guidelines addressing the unique aspects of incidental and secondary findings in oncology testing are needed. This paper highlights clinical and laboratory considerations with regard to incidental/secondary findings and is a clarion call to create recommendations.
Pancreatic Frozen Section Guides Operative Management With Few Deferrals and Errors
Authors: Chavez Jesus A. , Chen Wei , Freitag C. Eric , Frankel Wendy L. 
Published: March 2021

Context.—
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment, and frozen section analysis is used to confirm diagnosis and determine resectability and margin status.

Objective.—
To evaluate use and accuracy of frozen section and how diagnosis impacts surgical procedure.

Design.—
We reviewed patients with planned pancreatic resections between January 2014 and March 2019 with at least 1 frozen section. Pathology reports including frozen sections, preoperative cytology, and operative notes were reviewed. Frozen sections were categorized by margin, primary pancreatic diagnosis, metastasis, or vascular resectability. The deferral and error rates and surgeons' response were noted.

Results.—
We identified 898 planned pancreatic resections and 221 frozen sections that were performed on 152 cases for 102 margins, 94 metastatic lesions, 20 primary diagnoses, and 5 to confirm vascular resectability. The diagnosis was deferred to permanent sections in 13 of 152 cases (8.6%) on 16 of 221 frozen sections (7.2%): 6 for metastasis, 8 for margins, and 2 for primary diagnosis. Discrepancies/errors were identified in 4 of 152 cases (2.6%) and 4 of 221 frozen sections (1.8%). Surgeons' responses were different than expected in 8 of 221 frozen sections (3.6%), but their actions were explained by other intraoperative findings in 6 of 8.

Conclusions.—
Frozen section remains an important diagnostic tool used primarily for evaluation of margins and metastasis during pancreatectomy. In most cases, a definitive diagnosis is rendered, with occasional deferrals and few errors. Intraoperative findings explain most cases where surgeons act differently than expected based on frozen section diagnosis.
« J’ai travaillé pendant 17 ans pour fuck all »
Authors: Boucher Marie-Pierre , Desbiens Anthony , Dupuis Marie-Josée , Gagné Diane , Noiseux Yanick 
Published: March 2021

Tiré de huit entretiens de groupe réalisés en 2018 au Québec, auprès de 44
personnes assistées sociales, cet article présente les raisons données par les
participant.e.s pour expliquer leurs difficultés d’accès au marché du travail. Deux angles
d’analyse ont été adoptés. Le premier est celui du rapport au travail. Combiné à la
perspective des parcours de vie, le concept de rapport au travail a été mobilisé afin de
saisir, de façon dynamique, ce que pensent les individus du travail et de mieux comprendre
les valeurs qu’ils y rattachent, tout en tenant compte de leurs expériences du travail et de
celles vécues hors du monde du travail. Le second angle d’analyse mobilisé permet de revenir
sur les parcours de vie, d’emploi et d’assistance en termes d’épreuves vécues et de
barrières à l’emploi. Les résultats de recherche mettent en lumière l’ambivalence des
personnes assistées sociales interrogées devant les mesures d’activation leur étant
proposées, et ce, malgré une volonté de retourner sur le marché du travail : les
participant.e.s s’en méfient notamment parce qu’elles les cantonnent dans des emplois
précaires et des parcours circulaires, limitant leur capacité à s’engager dans une
trajectoire ascendante. L’enquête montre également que les pratiques discriminantes des
employeurs, tout comme le système d’aide sociale, notamment parce qu’il les maintient dans
la grande pauvreté, constituent d’importantes barrières à l’emploi limitant leur accès au
marché du travail.
Measuring Livelihood Vulnerability to Large-Scale and Small-Scale Mining in Rural Ghana: A Comparative Examination of Agrarian Households
Authors: Abankwah Vincent 
Published: March 2021

While promoting both large-scale and small-scale mining to facilitate rural development and poverty reduction, it becomes imperative to examine the level of exposure and the risk of mining on assets and livelihoods of agrarian households in mining communities. The study was, therefore, designed to examine the differential effect of the risk of large-scale and small-scale mining on livelihoods of agrarian households. The study covered five regions of Ghana namely, Ashanti, Eastern, Western, Central and Brong-Ahafo Regions, where both large-scale and small-scale mining are pervasive. A two-stage sampling technique was used to sample 864 agrarian households in the study area for primary data. The 864 households comprised 432 households selected from 36 communities which are exclusively exposed to the activities of large-scale mining and 432 households selected from 36 communities exclusively exposed to the activities of small-scale mining. Household livelihood vulnerability (HLV) index was used to measure livelihood vulnerability to the risk of mining. The study established that though agrarian households are susceptible to both large-scale and small-scale mining, assets and livelihoods of such households are more vulnerable to the risk of large-scale mining than small-scale mining. Emanating from the study are recommendations to reduce household livelihood vulnerability to both large-scale and small-scale mining and facilitate livelihood development among agrarian households in mining communities of rural Ghana.
Indigenous Knowledge Affords Antimicrobial Plants for the Management of Infections
Authors: Alake John , Akwetey Samuel A. , Ahlidja Wisdom , Armah Francis A. , Amponsah Isaac Kingsley 
Published: March 2021

Aim: The research was carried out to ascertain the antimicrobial effect of the plants Omphalocarpum ahia, Homalium letestui, and Coelocaryon oxycarpum, which are used locally to treat some infectious diseases.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana and Department of Herbal Medicine, KNUST, Ghana from June to August 2014.
Method: The stem barks of the plants were extracted with 70 % methanol and successively partitioned with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol to obtain three different fractions. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts and fraction against MRSA, S. typhi, E. coli, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis, and S. aureus were determined using the disk diffusion method and the minimum inhibition concentration by the serial microplate dilution method with 0.2 mg/ml p-iodonitrotetrazolium as growth indicator whereas gentamycin was used as the positive control. Phytochemical tests on the plant materials were done according to standard methods.
Result: All the fractions of each plant had activity against some of the bacteria. Ethyl acetate (EA) and hydro-methanolic (CE) extracts of Coelocaryon oxycarpum exhibited activity against all selected bacteria with MIC ranging from 0.625-5 mg/ml for CE and 0.3125-5 mg/ml for EA. Hydro-methanolic (CE) extracts of Omphalocarpum ahia also exhibited antibacterial activity against all the selected bacteria.
Conclusion: The current research showed that Omphalocarpum ahia and Coelocaryon oxycarpum have considerable antimicrobial activity against all the strains used in the study. Local knowledge may afford lead materials for the development of novel antimicrobial agents.
Isolation of Metallo Beta Lactamases from Clinical Sample (MBL)
Authors: Chandraker Jashmi , Saraf Ashish , Chandraker Sachin , Dubey Kanupriya 
Published: March 2021

The rapid spread of acquired metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) among major Gram-negative pathogens is an emerging threat and a matter of particular concern worldwide. Carbapenems are among the few useful antibiotics against gram negative bacteria particularly those with extended spectrum beta-lactamase. Resistant to carbapenem is mediated by loss of outer membrane proteins and production of beta lactamase that is capable of hydrolyzing carbapenems.During this study period, 80 different clinical samples were collected from various hospitals of Raipur. All clinical samples were processed according to standard microbiological methods. Isolated GNRs were subjected to susceptibility testing against antibiotics by disc diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were subjected to the detection of MBL production by different methods. Out of 80 samples, 28 (35%) samples showed significant growth. MBL production was observed in 20 samples.
Multidisciplinary Work Approach to Phytomedicines Research and Development (R&D) in Nigeria – Experts’ Opinion
Authors: Adigwe Obi Peter , Egharevba Henry Omoregie , Kunle Olobayo Olufunso 
Published: March 2021

Modern drug development strategy involves the use of computer aided in silico studies, bioinformatics, and nanotechnology, to predict and simulate drug metabolism, safety and efficacy. The entire process requires molecular targeting, isolation, purification, synthesis through biotechnology or chemosynthesis, formulation, and determination of safety, efficacy and process efficiency. This has brought scientist from diverse background together toward a common curse of mutually beneficial innovative research approach. For phytomedicine research, this diversity requires professionals from different field such as the botany, chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, biotechnology, pharmacy and medicine. Each of these fields also contains various specializations and specific research focus. This study looked at Expert opinion on multidisciplinary approach to innovative phytomedicine R&D in Nigeria. The analysis presented represents the opinion of Experts who responded to the study questionnaire. 53% of Experts believed that multidisciplinary collaboration is very productive while 39% believed it is productive. The level of phytomedicine R&D in Nigeria is believed to be poor by majority (56%) of respondents. The Experts believed that multidisciplinary R&D approach will lead to more reliable data, inclusiveness, process efficiency and better R&D outcome, results/products acceptability. Multidisciplinary R&D approach should be encouraged in Nigeria through adequate funding and policy framework.
Controlled Release Technology, Agricultural
Authors: Guimarães Gelton G. F. , Ribeiro Caue 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Since the past century, fertilizers have been significantly contributing to the increase in food production. Currently, the fertilizer sector's technological advances are crucial to providing food for more than 7.7 billion people. However, factors related to the low fertilizers' agronomic efficiency limit the food supply. The conventional fertilization frequently leads to low uptake of nutrients by crop, which results in economic and environmental losses. In recent decades, efforts have been invested in developing new technologies that increase the nutrients uptake by plants and reduce the environmental impacts of their release to the environment. The growing use of controlled‐release fertilizers is an example of these technologies in recent years. This technology aims to improve the synchrony between the supply of nutrients and the demand of the plants. Besides, it reduces the application frequency and increases the efficiency of fertilization more economically and sustainably.
In addition to the technologies/fertilizers already established in the current market, several novel technologies have been specially designed for an adequate release of fertilizers, including ion‐exchange materials, coatings, and high‐adsorption capacity materials. Novel technologies include nanoparticulate fertilizers and nanocomposites, where size and structure control the solubilization. Consequently, the nutrient is available for plants in a synchronized way, avoiding losses to the environment. Therefore, this article summarizes the available and in‐development technologies for slow and controlled release of fertilizers, with a perspective view of novel products. This portfolio of solutions represents alternatives for agriculture, possibly used with traditional (established) technologies to provide sustainable agriculture routes in the next years.
Waste Management, Radioactive
Authors: Ikeda Brian M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRadioactive waste consists of items and materials that are no longer useful and contain harmful amounts of radioactive material. The waste could emit α‐, β‐, γ‐radiation, or any combination of these types of radiation. If the concentration of radioactive elements is high enough, contact with the waste could be detrimental to human health and a danger to the environment. To help identify the hazard, radioactive waste is classified as high, intermediate, and low level waste, depending on the concentration of radioactive species and the half‐life of those species. High level radioactive waste poses the greatest hazard, while low level presents the smallest hazard. In this article, the types of wastes and examples of the waste are described, some of the important principles for managing the waste are noted, and the general methods for minimizing the hazard to human health and the environment while storing and disposing of the waste are explained.
Effectiveness of Nonsurgical Interventions for Hallux Valgus: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hurn Sheree E. , Matthews Barry G. , Munteanu Shannon E. , Menz Hylton B. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis investigating the effectiveness of nonsurgical interventions for hallux valgus (HV).MethodsMedline, CINAHL, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched to April 2020, including parallel‐group and crossover studies investigating nonsurgical interventions for HV. Two reviewers independently screened articles for inclusion, extracted data, determined risk of bias, and made assessments using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. Risk of bias was assessed using version 2 of the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool. Effect sizes (mean differences or risk ratios, and 95% confidence intervals) were calculated and pooled where possible for the primary outcomes, foot pain, and HV angle.ResultsEighteen included studies investigated a wide range of nonsurgical interventions for HV. Most studies had small sample sizes and concerns regarding risk of bias. Five separate meta‐analyses for foot orthoses, splints, manual therapy, and taping added to foot exercises showed no significant effects on primary outcomes. However, results from 8 studies showed a significant pain reduction with the use of foot orthoses, night splints, dynamic splints, manual therapy, taping added to foot exercises, a multifaceted physical therapy program, and Botox injections. Four studies reported a clinically significant reduction in HV angle with night splints, foot exercises, multifaceted physical therapy, and Botox injections.ConclusionThere is a low level of certainty surrounding the effectiveness of nonsurgical interventions for HV, but a reduction in pain appears more likely than improvement in HV angle.
Crystallinity and Orientation Manipulation of Anthracene Diimide Polymers for All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Tu Dandan , Feng Zhendong , Feng Zhaochi , Guo Xin , Li Can 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElectron‐carrying polymers are highly desired for various optoelectronic applications but are still scarce. Herein, two anthracene diimide (ADI) polymers with thiophene and bithiophene as comonomer, respectively, are reported as electron acceptor materials in all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) for the first time. Effects of crystallinity and orientation of two polymer films as well as their blends with different donor polymers on photovoltaic properties are elaborately investigated by grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction and photo‐induced force microscopy. It is found that molecular crystallinity and orientation determine the blend film morphology, and the similar high crystallinity and the same face‐on orientation of donor and acceptor polymers are favorable for obtaining excellent photovoltaic performances. With this principle, a suitable donor polymer is singled out to match with the ADI acceptor polymer, offering an impressive efficiency of ≈7% for all‐PSCs. This work demonstrates that ADI polymers are promising as acceptor materials and provides guidelines for screening donor and acceptor polymer combinations for all‐PSCs.
Confinement Capillarity of Thin Coating for Boosting Solar‐Driven Water Evaporation
Authors: Wang Zhenxing , Wu Xiaochun , He Fang , Peng Shaoqin , Li Yuexiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRealizing ultrathin water and generating an abundant water/air interface in the interconnected pores of photothermal materials is an effective way to boost the solar‐driven water evaporation rate, but still a great challenge. Herein, confinement capillarity (CC) of photothermal thin coating on porous sponge for significantly enhancing the solar‐driven water evaporation is proposed. The thin coating is composed of abundant agminated black/hydrophilic nanoparticles (BHNPs), and the channels among the BHNPs can generate strong capillarity for water transportation. Water can be spontaneously limited and transported among the agminated nanoparticles, rather than fill in the interconnected pores of the sponge. Thus, ultrathin water layer can be realized on the outer/inner surface of the sponge skeleton, without precisely controlling water supply. The thin water layer can not only expose as much evaporation area as possible by increasing the vapor escape channel, but also prevent solar energy to heat excess water. Thanks to the CC, the rate of solar steam generation can be greatly improved. Moreover, the photothermal material with CC can maintain its high evaporation rate during the whole day, and can remove the salt during night time, highlighting its recyclability and anti‐salt‐accumulation property. Moreover, the CC can be readily scaled up for practical applications.