bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fim de Tempo
Authors: Kleberson de Oliveira Benicio Raimundo 
Published: January 2021

Fim de Tempo é um espetáculo teatral que tem como tema principal a violência à Pessoa idosa com uma abordagem que discute a relação do homem contemporâneo com sua Negligência frente ao idoso e o sucateamento do planeta. Conta a história de três personagens: a mãe que é cega, um idoso e um cuidador, estes moram em uma casa de praia e são os últimos sobreviventes de uma epidemia misteriosa. Comem ratos e lixos para sobreviverem. A dramaturgia desta encenação escrita em 2016 foi fruto do processo de pesquisa do Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso intitulada “Os múltiplos Olhares de Espectador: análises-reconstituições a partir da Trupe dos Pensantes”, do curso de Licenciatura em Teatro da Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará. A poética do absurdo para esse trabalho foi norteadora como suporte poético, devido ao contexto pós-guerra, no qual a humanidade sofreu impactos biológicos, estruturais, psicológicos, época em que residiu a incerteza e o vazio da humanidade.

Palavras-chaves: Trupe dos Pensantes, Encenação Contemporânea, Dramaturgia, Fim de Tempo.
Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba: A Review on its Botany, Traditional uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities
Authors: Ray Lipi Rani , Alam Muhammad Shaiful , Junaid Md. , Ferdousy Sakia , Akter Rasheda , Hosen S. M. Zahid , Mouri Nusrat Jahan 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba (white cabbage) is a cruciferous vegetable
used as a vegetable and traditional medicine all over the world. Different preparation from several
parts of the plant- roots, shoots, leaves, and the whole plant are used to treat a wide range of diseases,
including diabetes, cancer, gastric, inflammation, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, bacterial,
oxidation, and obesity.

Objective:
The aim of the current review is to evaluate the botany, distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry,
and pharmacological activities of B. oleracea var. capitata. Moreover, this review will
guide to fill the existing gaps in information and highlight additional research prospects in the field of
phytochemistry and pharmacology.

Method:
Various resources, including research papers, review papers, books, and reports, were collected
to obtain overall information on Brassica oleracea var. capitata, which were obtained by an
online search of worldwide-accepted scientific databases. Phytochemical constituents’ structures were
drawn by ChemDraw software.

Results:
About 72 isolated phytochemical compounds of B. oleracea var. capitata have been collected
from different articles, which included different types of compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids,
organic acids, glucosinolates, steroids, hydrocarbons, etc. Crude extracts and phytoconstituents of B.
oleracea var. capitata have various pharmacological effects, including antidiabetic, anticancer, antihypertensive,
anticholesterolemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-obesity, anticoagulant,
and hepatoprotective. We have enlisted all these pharmacological data along with all the phytochemical
constituents of Brassica oleracea var. capitata.

Conclusion:
The study was focused on the traditional uses, pharmacological activities, and phytochemistry
of Brassica oleracea var. capitata, and the findings indicated that B. oleracea var. capitata
is an important medicinal plant that shows several pharmacological effects. We hope our review of
this plant will provide more basic and useful information and fill some research gaps for further investigation
and drug design. Although we found some important traditional uses and pharmacological
activities of Brassica oleracea var. capitata, there is insufficient work in the field of phytochemical
activities.
Actinomyces Infection after Permanent Fillers Lip Augmentation: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Grippaudo Francesca Romana , Fino Pasquale , Gomes Vito Vincenzo , Grippaudo Cristina 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Although dermal filler injections are a widespread and secure practice, early or late complications may nonetheless occur.

Objective:
In this paper, the authors report an unusual asymptomatic late filler infection caused by Actinomycetes in a patient having received liquid silicone and acrylate filler injections for lip enhancement, seeking treatment for upper lip macrocheilia.

Methods:
The case report is about a patient who complained of recurrent lip region edema and denied any infective episodes. Preoperative analysis was in the normal range. Sonographic exam showed two fillers in the upper lip, suggestive of silicone and polyacrylamide gel. A conservative macrocheilia reduction was performed; healing was uneventful.

Results:
Histology report confirmed the preoperative sonographic diagnosis, together with an actinomycetes infection, clinically unsuspected. Many microorganisms have been reported to cause abscesses or granuloma after dermal filler treatments, sterile abscesses were reported as well, suggesting a biofilm infection as causative granuloma origin.

Conclusion:
This study differs from previous filler complication reports because of the occasional finding of a silent actinomyces infection, a commensal of the oral cavity but responsible for suppurative diseases in the soft tissues. This occasional finding seems to support the biofilm origin of dermal filler granuloma.
Disease Concept-Embedding Based on the Self-Supervised Method for Medical Information Extraction from Electronic Health Records and Disease Retrieval: Algorithm Development and Validation Study
Authors: Chen Yen-Pin , Lo Yuan-Hsun , Lai Feipei , Huang Chien-Hua 
Published: January 2021

Background
The electronic health record (EHR) contains a wealth of medical information. An organized EHR can greatly help doctors treat patients. In some cases, only limited patient information is collected to help doctors make treatment decisions. Because EHRs can serve as a reference for this limited information, doctors’ treatment capabilities can be enhanced. Natural language processing and deep learning methods can help organize and translate EHR information into medical knowledge and experience.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to create a model to extract concept embeddings from EHRs for disease pattern retrieval and further classification tasks.

Methods
We collected 1,040,989 emergency department visits from the National Taiwan University Hospital Integrated Medical Database and 305,897 samples from the National Hospital and Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Emergency Department data. After data cleansing and preprocessing, the data sets were divided into training, validation, and test sets. We proposed a Transformer-based model to embed EHRs and used Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) to extract features from free text and concatenate features with structural data as input to our proposed model. Then, Deep InfoMax (DIM) and Simple Contrastive Learning of Visual Representations (SimCLR) were used for the unsupervised embedding of the disease concept. The pretrained disease concept-embedding model, named EDisease, was further finetuned to adapt to the critical care outcome prediction task. We evaluated the performance of embedding using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) to perform dimension reduction for visualization. The performance of the finetuned predictive model was evaluated against published models using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC).

Results
The performance of our model on the outcome prediction had the highest AUROC of 0.876. In the ablation study, the use of a smaller data set or fewer unsupervised methods for pretraining deteriorated the prediction performance. The AUROCs were 0.857, 0.870, and 0.868 for the model without pretraining, the model pretrained by only SimCLR, and the model pretrained by only DIM, respectively. On the smaller finetuning set, the AUROC was 0.815 for the proposed model.

Conclusions
Through contrastive learning methods, disease concepts can be embedded meaningfully. Moreover, these methods can be used for disease retrieval tasks to enhance clinical practice capabilities. The disease concept model is also suitable as a pretrained model for subsequent prediction tasks.
Pedagogy empowered by technology
Authors: Supple Briony , Fennell Claire 
Published: January 2021

With the increasing ubiquity of web-based tools to facilitate learning and teaching, educators across universities worldwide are now required to prepare and deliver online programs. This requirement may be part of, or in addition to their face-to-face delivery workloads, or as part of migrating programs to be delivered ‘purely online’. In moving towards these new approaches to teaching and learning, there are a number of competing and significant challenges facing staff:

There is no one universal definition of online learning;
Existing workload models represent traditional forms of content delivery;
Prestige of research over teaching still largely exists across the sector (Bradwell, 2009; Keengwe & Kidd, 2010; HEA, 2014; OECD, 2005; O’Connor, 2009; Woodley, Funk & Curran, 2013).

With digital skill-building very much on the Irish national agenda for higher education (National Forum, 2015), institutions are now facing important decisions around how best to support staff and foster cultural change towards new technologically-enhanced learning paradigms.
This position paper draws on research undertaken at local, national and international levels and is focussed around providing an underpinning for the following:

a) Working definitions of what constitutes various forms of online delivery
b) Policy documentation around workload models
c) Recommendations for future directions.

This paper aims to provide a reference point for academics, sessional staff and heads of school regarding current best practice and recommendations for online teaching and learning in higher education.
DEMO REVIEW - Menopause
Authors: Reed Susan D. 
Published: January 2021

The female reproductive system matures in a continuous, natural process from menarche to menopause as the finite numbers of oocytes produced during fetal development are gradually lost to ovulation and senescence. Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menses; by convention, the diagnosis of menopause is not made until the individual has had 12 months of amenorrhea. Menopause is thus characterized by the menstrual changes that reflect oocyte depletion and subsequent changes in ovarian hormone production. However, hormonal changes, rather than the cessation of menstruation itself, cause the manifestations that occur around the time of menopause. Therefore, a woman who has undergone a hysterectomy but who retains her ovaries can experience normal menopausal symptoms as oocyte depletion leads to changes in estrogen levels, even though cessation of menstruation occurred with surgery. This review covers definitions, natural menopause, menopausal transition and postmenopausal symptom management, and premature ovarian insufficiency. Figures show stages of reproductive aging, serum concentrations of hormones during menopausal transition and postmenopause, hormonal changes associated with reproductive aging, symptoms of menopausal transition and menopause, treatment algorithm(s), and Women’s Health Initiative findings: risks and benefits of estrogen alone and estrogen plus progestin by age group: 50 to 59, 60 to 69, and 70 to 79 years. Tables list target tissues, physical manifestations, and menopausal symptoms; selective estrogen receptor modulators used in postmenopausal women; differential diagnosis and evaluation of common menopausal symptoms; estrogen doses; progestogen dosing for endometrial protection; nonhormonal pharmaceutical hot flash therapies; and pharmacologic therapy for genitourinary atrophy.
This review contains 6 highly rendered figures, 7 tables, and 119 references.
Diagnosis of Dyslipidemia
Authors: Brunzell John D. , Failor R Alan 
Published: January 2021

Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism, in conjunction with the prevalence of high-fat diets, obesity, and physical inactivity, have resulted in an epidemic of atherosclerotic disease in the United States and other developed countries. The interaction of common genetic and acquired disorders of lipo­proteins with these adverse environmental factors leads to the premature development of atherosclerosis. In the United States, mortality from coronary artery disease (CAD), particularly in persons younger than 60 years, has been declining since 1970; however, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the most common cause of death among both men and women.

This review contains 6 figures, 12 tables, and 47 references.
Keywords: dyslipoproteinemias, hepatic lipase, hyper­lipoproteinemia, hypoalphalipoproteinemia, lipoprotein,
The Puerperium
Authors: Kleinman Sarah , Ricciotti Hope A 
Published: January 2021

The puerperium starts after the birth of a baby and continues until 6 to 8 weeks postpartum. Several recent interventions in management have been shown to improve outcomes. Delayed cord clamping, the practice of waiting for a period of time after a baby is born before clamping and cutting the umbilical cord, can increase hemoglobin levels, improve iron stores, and increase birth weight in newborns. Rooming in, the practice of mothers and newborns staying together, improves infant sleep and breast-feeding without affecting maternal sleep. Immediately after birth, significant physiologic and anatomic changes occur. Thromboembolic events are more common in the postpartum state than during pregnancy, but the majority of women do not require specific thromboprophylaxis but should be encouraged to walk after birth. Women who have not been previously immunized for influenza; tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap); and rubella should be offered these immunizations. Women with uncomplicated pregnancies may engage in exercise within days after delivery. Pelvic floor physical therapy performed during pregnancy and postpartum may assist in maintaining or regaining muscle tone of the pelvic floor and may prevent or treat urinary incontinence. Perinatal depression affects one in seven women. Baby blues, which include mood swings, anxiety, tearfulness, and insomnia, should resolve by 2 weeks after delivery. Patients should be screened for depression using a standardized, validated tool and appropriate treatment initiated. All women should undergo a comprehensive postpartum visit within 6 weeks of delivery.

This review contains 2 figures, 4 tables and 34 references
Key words: delayed cord clamping, hemodynamic changes, perinatal depression, postpartum, puerperium, rooming in, skin-to-skin contact
Fetal Infections I: Viral Infections
Authors: Diouf Khady , Tuomala Ruth , Nour Nawal M 
Published: January 2021

Viral infections in pregnancy can lead to significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. They can have varying effects on pregnancy outcomes including spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal demise, and fetal infection. Compared to infections acquired in the second or third trimester, infections in the first trimester usually carry a lower risk of transmission to the fetus, but may be more detrimental since they are acquired during the period of organogenesis. Although not all fetal infections lead to congenital defects, infants can be severely affected at birth and develop disease manifestations throughout the first few years of life. Most viral infections do not have effective treatment strategies when diagnosed during pregnancy, but prenatal screening for certain viruses may play an important role in educating pregnant women. Immunization strategies may also aid in preventing disease acquisition for some of these viral illnesses.
This review contains 4 tables, 10 figures and 56 references.
Keywords: CMV, congenital transmission, fetal viral infection, herpes virus, mother to child transmission, parvovirus, placenta, protozoa, rubella, teratogenicity, toxoplasmosis
Prepubertal Vulvovaginitis
Authors: Huhmann Kimberly , Thieu Hong-Thao 
Published: January 2021

Vulvar and vaginal irritation/redness and vaginal discharge are common referrals to the pediatric and adolescent gynecologist. In nearly 75% of cases the etiology of the pre-pubertal patient’s signs and symptoms is non-specific and resolves with proper vulvar hygiene. Infections, ulcerations, labial adhesions, foreign bodies, constipation, voiding dysfunction, and trauma are other causes of vulvar and vaginal complaints. Gathering a detailed history and performing a thorough physical exam help to determine the etiology and best treatment. Staphylococcal aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes infections are frequently isolated on vaginal cultures and treated with organism specific antibiotics. Ulcerations are usually from a self-limiting viral infection (EBV, CMV, influenza) and heal with supportive cares—acetaminophen and sitz baths. Labial adhesions recede with topical estrogen cream in up to 89% of cases and rarely need surgical separation. When vulvovaginitis persists despite hygiene measures and no evidence of infectious etiology assessment and treatment of constipation and voiding dysfunction can provide relief of symptoms.
This review contains 1 table and 28 references.
Key words: Vulvovaginitis, vulvar hygiene, vagina hygiene, vaginal infection, labial adhesions, vulvar trauma, genital ulcer, vaginal foreign body, constipation, pre-pubertal voiding dysfunction
Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Zayhowski Kimberly 
Published: January 2021

Despite recent advances in genetic technologies that are making invasive prenatal diagnosis less common, amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) remain an integral part of prenatal care. A multitude of tests, including a variety of genetic tests, can be performed using samples collected from either procedure. Although invasive testing has limitations, many genetic conditions can only be diagnosed through invasive techniques during pregnancy. Invasive testing continues to assist patients and providers in making informed decisions regarding the care of pregnancies. This review details amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling with a focus on genetic testing, describing why the tests are performed, the way in which they are performed, and the associated limitations and complications of the procedures.
This review 5 figures, 3 tables, and 26 references.
Keywords: prenatal diagnosis, amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, genetic testing, genetic counseling, invasive prenatal testing, pregnancy, aneuploidy
Cancer of the Endometrium
Authors: Young Kim B. 
Published: January 2021

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in women. Most patients are in the early stages at diagnosis and have a favorable prognosis. Minimally invasive hysterectomy is the cornerstone of management. The optimal approach to surgical assessment of lymph nodes is controversial. A minority of early-stage patients have tumors with high-risk features that warrant further treatment, usually vaginal brachytherapy. Patients with advanced disease generally require multimodality treatment to achieve the best outcomes. Selected patients desiring future childbearing can be treated with fertility-sparing options. Routine immunohistochemistry on tumor specimens looking for expression of mismatch repair proteins is an effective method to screen for Lynch syndrome.

This review contains 4 figures, 3 tables and 30 references
Key Words: adenocarcinoma, chemotherapy, endometrial cancer, lymphadenectomy, Lynch, Progestin, radiation, sentinel, uterus
Pediatric Abdominal Emergencies
Authors: Bullard-Berent Jeffrey , Kornblith Aaron 
Published: January 2021

Pediatric abdominal emergencies represent a diverse group of conditions affecting children of all ages and are a common cause of emergency department visits. The challenge for emergency physicians is discerning which child presenting with the common complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea has an abdominal emergency. The emergency physician must use a thorough history, developmentally appropriate examination skills, and integration of his or her knowledge base to arrive at the correct diagnosis. This review evaluates the most common pediatric abdominal emergencies organized by chronicity from birth to adolescents: midgut volvulus, infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, incarcerated inguinal hernia, ileocecal intussusception, Meckel diverticulum, and appendicitis. Readers will understand common presentations as well as the evaluation and treatment options for each diagnosis.

This review contains 7 figures, 6 tables and 61 references

Key words: abdominal pain, appendicitis, hernia, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, intussusception, Meckel diverticulum, midgut volvulus
Pediatric Hematologic And Oncologic Emergencies
Authors: Milligan Rebecca , Mendelson Jenny 
Published: January 2021

Hematologic and oncologic emergencies that afflict children and adolescents are important for emergency medicine physicians to recognize. Pediatric patients can present with a previous formal diagnosis and have a complication related to their disease or with new symptoms that suggest a hematologic or oncologic process. Oncologic treatments can also lead to life-threatening complications. Recognizing these emergencies is very important for emergency physicians to prevent further morbidity. This review covers common patient presentations, diagnosis, and treatments for hematologic and oncologic emergencies.
This review contains 6 figures, 7 tables and 48 references
Key words: hematology, hemophilia, immune thrombocytopenia, neutropenic fever, oncology, pediatric, sickle cell anemia, tumor lysis syndrome, von Willebrand disease
Facial Fractures
Authors: Bojovic Branko , Buta Martin 
Published: January 2021

The understanding and management of craniofacial fractures have evolved through remarkable innovations in high-resolution imaging, surgical and fixation techniques, endoscopy, biomaterials and implants, bone grafting, new and refined classification frameworks, and algorithms for intervention. The concept of facial buttresses first described forty years ago now serves as a guide to reconstruction of the underlying skeleton to re-establish the height, width, and projection of the face. With the advent of 3D computed tomography and intraoperative imaging, surgeons have expanded the armamentarium for surgical planning and navigation, especially beneficial for accurate repair in complex cases. All of these advances have improved patient outcomes and raised expectations for functionally and aesthetically acceptable results. A brief overview of the assessment and management of facial fractures is presented.
This review contains 1 figure, 4 tables, and 43 references.
Key words: facial fracture, facial trauma, plastic surgery, orbital, maxillofacial, injury, Le Fort, malocclusion, skeletal buttress
Gynecomastia and Congenital Anomalies of the Breast
Authors: Smith J. Michael , Broyles Justin M. 
Published: January 2021

Breast and chest wall appearance is an important component of an individual’s body image that can have a profound impact on their psychological well-being. Given the inherent complexity of breast embryogenesis, multiple anomalies exist that differ with respect to their clinical management and reconstructive approach. In this review, the authors outline fundamentals of breast embryology, pathophysiology of common congenital breast and chest wall anomalies, and potential reconstructive solutions. It is the aim of this chapter to provide readers with a broad yet concise overview of the spectrum of congenital breast and chess wall disorders to aid in the proper diagnosis and management of affected patients.
This review contains 7 tables, and 4 figures, and 31 references.
Keywords: breast embryology, pediatric breast reconstruction, gynecomastia, juvenile hypertrophy, polythelia, athelia, Poland syndrome, congenital breast