bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hold‐out validation for the assessment of stability and reliability of multivariable regression demonstrated with magnetic resonance imaging of patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Levman Jacob , Jennings Maxwell , Kabaria Priya , Rouse Ethan , Nangaku Masahito , Berger Derek , Gondra Iker , Takahashi Emi , Tyrrell Pascal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeuroscience studies are very often tasked with identifying measurable differences between two groups of subjects, typically one group with a pathological condition and one group representing control subjects. It is often expected that the measurements acquired for comparing groups are also affected by a variety of additional patient characteristics such as sex, age, and comorbidities. Multivariable regression (MVR) is a statistical analysis technique commonly employed in neuroscience studies to “control for” or “adjust for” secondary effects (such as sex, age, and comorbidities) in order to ensure that the main study findings are focused on actual differences between the groups of interest associated with the condition under investigation. It is common practice in the neuroscience literature to utilize MVR to control for secondary effects; however, at present, it is not typically possible to assess whether the MVR adjustments correct for more error than they introduce. In common neuroscience practice, MVR models are not validated and no attempt to characterize deficiencies in the MVR model is made. In this article, we demonstrate how standard hold‐out validation techniques (commonly used in machine learning analyses) that involve repeatedly randomly dividing datasets into training and testing samples can be adapted to the assessment of stability and reliability of MVR models with a publicly available neurological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset of patients with schizophrenia. Results demonstrate that MVR can introduce measurement error up to 30.06% and, on average across all considered measurements, introduce 9.84% error on this dataset. When hold‐out validated MVR does not agree with the results of the standard use of MVR, the use of MVR in the given application is unstable. Thus, this paper helps evaluate the extent to which the simplistic use of MVR introduces study error in neuroscientific analyses with an analysis of patients with schizophrenia.
Genetic counseling and screening of consanguineous couples and their offspring practice resource: Focused Revision
Authors: Bennett Robin L. , Malleda Neeraja R. , Byers Peter H. , Steiner Robert D. , Barr Kimberly M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere are no evidence‐based guidelines to inform genetic counseling for consanguineous couples and their offspring. This focused revision builds on the expert opinions from the original publication of "Genetic Counseling and Screening of Consanguineous Couples and Their Offspring," based on a review of literature published since 2002.
Adapting to the challenges of the global pandemic on genetic counselor education: Evaluating students’ satisfaction with virtual clinical experiences
Authors: Jacobs Chris , McEwen Alison 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTravel restrictions, physical distancing, and limits to clinical placements due to the global pandemic raised enormous challenges for genetic counseling education in 2020. In response, we created authentic virtual clinical experiences in our Master of Genetic Counseling program, mimicking clinical practice: virtual simulation with standardized clients, and virtual clinical placements, including intake calls, triage, consultations, teamwork and time management, and genetic counseling with standardized clients. The virtual clinical experiences involved online pre‐brief, simulation, and debrief. We aimed to evaluate students’ satisfaction with this learning method. Between April and November 2020, we distributed an anonymous online survey to all participating students using a modified version of a validated satisfaction with simulation scale. We analyzed the combined responses from first‐ and second‐year virtual clinical experiences using descriptive statistics and content analysis. The total number of possible responses was 120. The mean response rate was 68.36% (n = 82.03), with a mean of 16.41 participants responding to each survey from each year group. Of the first‐year participants, 53% (n = 10) had not observed a genetic counseling consultation before attending the virtual clinical placement. Overall, 92.5% of responses indicated that students were satisfied with the virtual clinical experiences (SD = 0.05). 100% (n = 82) of responses indicated that working with standardized clients was beneficial to learning, encouraged reflection on clinical ability and was a valuable learning experience overall. However, 37.78% (n = 17) of those who participated in the virtual simulation found that the use of Zoom detracted from their clinical learning. The virtual clinical experiences increased first‐year students’ confidence about clinical placement and prepared second‐year students for telehealth. In conclusion, the adaptation to virtual clinical experiences enhanced learning for most students, prepared them for practice, met the requirements of the accreditation body and enabled all of our final year students to graduate on time.
Heterocyclic compounds as antiviral drugs: Synthesis, structure–activity relationship and traditional applications
Authors: dos Santos Giovanny Carvalho , Martins Lucas Michelão , Bregadiolli Bruna Andressa , Moreno Vitor Fernandes , da Silva‐Filho Luiz Carlos , da Silva Bruno Henrique Sacoman Torquato 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA virus outbreak challenges the economic, medical, and public health infrastructure worldwide. More than one virus capable of triggering diseases have been identified per year since 1972, which requires the development of new ways of treatment and prevention, however, such processes are not rapid and easy. With the pandemic scenario experienced since early 2020, several drugs with well‐known purposes have gained prominence, due to speculation of their use in the treatment against the new coronavirus. Among the main drugs studied, the vast majority contain a heterocyclic structure. In this review, we presented the traditional and efficient synthesis of 15 drugs that have been studied for the COVID‐19 treatment, containing in their structure heterocycles like indole, quinoline, pyrimidone, tetrahydrofuran, pyrrolidine, triazole, pyridazine, pyrazole, pyrrolopyrimidine, azetidine, pyrrolotriazine, pyrazine, tetrahydropyran, benzofuran, spiroketal, and thiazole. Furthermore, we have shown the original applications, as well as their structure–activity relationship and what is their situation as a drug candidate against COVID‐19. Thus, the objective was to consolidate the main synthetic and pharmacological aspects involving clinically developed heterocycles that at some point were presented as promising against SARS‐CoV‐2.
Leader status behaviors and team creativity: The role of collective interactions and status conflict among members
Authors: Sung Sun Young , Choi Jin Nam 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBy integrating the leadership and status literature, this study explores the intervening mechanisms through which different forms of leader status‐claiming behaviors predict team creativity. We propose that leaders' prestige‐ and dominance‐oriented status behaviors are positively related to supportive and coercive interactions among members, respectively, which in turn predict team creativity. Empirical analysis based on the multisource data of 53 work teams confirmed that leader prestige behavior exerted a positive indirect effect on team creativity through increased supportive intermember interaction. The indirect effect of leader prestige behavior was significant only when team status conflict was low. By contrast, leader dominance behavior exhibited a positive effect on coercive intermember interaction, which was not significantly related to team creativity. A post hoc analysis revealed that leader dominance behavior had a negative indirect effect on team creativity through decreased supportive interaction among members. This study provides meaningful theoretical insights into the interactive effects of leader status behaviors and team status conflict that lead to distinct collective group processes and team creative output.
Health benefits and risks associated with element uptake from grilled fish and fish products
Authors: Rajkowska‐Myśliwiec Monika , Pokorska‐Niewiada Kamila , Witczak Agata , Balcerzak Marta , Ciecholewska‐Juśko Daria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe content of essential and toxic elements in grilled fish (Atlantic salmon, trout) and in 20 assortments of fish products was examined. The aim of this study was to assess the fulfilment of the demand for Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu based on recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) or adequate intakes (AIs) and to assess the health risk associated with the consumption of Al, Pb and Cd. The risk assessment was based on estimated weekly intake (EWI), hazard index (HI), target risk ratio (THQ) and percentage: provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) for Al, tolerable weekly intake (TWI) for Cd and reference dose lower bound (BMDL) for Pb.RESULTSTaking into account the health benefits, the best source of Fe, Cu and Mn was found to be fish products in cans and jars, 150 g of which covered the daily requirement: Fe 9.39%, Cu 2.91% and Mn 1.21%. Smoked fish covered the RDA for Zn to 5.69%. Moreover, the uptake of toxic elements was as follows: Al 0.45% PTWI: Pb 0.74% BMDL10 and Cd 2.20% TWI. The THQ values for Pb and Cd were significantly lower than 1, whereas for Al it reached as high as 4.0.CONCLUSIONThe obtained results indicate that there is no risk related to the intake of Pb and Cd with the consumption of the tested fish products. Low consumption of fish by Poles, however, contributes to their small share in covering the demand for microelements, i.e. Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Why retail investors traded equity during the pandemic? An application of artificial neural networks to examine behavioral biases
Authors: Talwar Shalini , Talwar Manish , Tarjanne Visa , Dhir Amandeep 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBehavioral biases are known to influence the investment decisions of retail investors. Indeed, extant research has revealed interesting findings in this regard. However, the literature on the impact of these biases on millennials' trading activity, particularly during a health crisis like the COVID‐19 pandemic, as well as the equity recommendation intentions of such investors, is limited. The present study addressed these gaps by investigating the influence of eight behavioral biases: overconfidence and self‐attribution, over‐optimism, hindsight, representativeness, anchoring, loss aversion, mental accounting, and herding on the trading activity and recommendation intentions of millennials during the pandemic. An artificial neural network approach was used to analyze the data collected from 351 millennial men in Finland. The results revealed that herding, hindsight, overconfidence and self‐attribution, representativeness, and anchoring influence both trading activity and recommendation intentions, albeit to varying extents. Notably, loss aversion and mental accounting influence only the recommendation intentions. Furthermore, the relationship of the two endogenous variables is nonlinear with herding, representativeness, and anchoring but is linear with other biases. In addition to the quantitative study, we also conducted a post hoc qualitative study with 19 millennials to evaluate the persistence of behavioral biases among them through the pandemic.
Current status and future prospects of nanomedicine for arsenic trioxide delivery to solid tumors
Authors: Sönksen Marthe , Kerl Kornelius , Bunzen Hana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite having a rich history as a poison, arsenic and its compounds have also gained a great reputation as promising anticancer drugs. As a pioneer, arsenic trioxide has been approved for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Many in vitro studies suggested that arsenic trioxide could also be used in the treatment of solid tumors. However, the transition from bench to bedside turned out to be challenging, especially in terms of the drug bioavailability and concentration reaching tumor tissues. To address these issues, nanomedicine tools have been proposed. As nanocarriers of arsenic trioxide, various materials have been examined including liposomes, polymer, and inorganic nanoparticles, and many other materials. This review gives an overview of the existing strategies of delivery of arsenic trioxide in cancer treatment with a focus on the drug encapsulation approaches and medicinal impact in the treatment of solid tumors. It focuses on the progress in the last years and gives an outlook and suggestions for further improvements including theragnostic approaches and targeted delivery.
Family based and case–control designs reveal an association ofTFAP2Ain nonsyndromic cleft lip only among Vietnamese population
Authors: Nguyen Duc Minh , Suzuki Satoshi , Imura Hideto , Niimi Teruyuki , Furukawa Hiroo , Ta Thanh‐Van , Tong Son Minh , Nguyen Tra Thu , Pham Loc Nguyen Gia , Tran Duy Le , Natsume Nagato 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsDozens of causative genes and their mechanisms of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) were revealed through genome‐wide association and linkage studies. Results were, however, not always replicated in different populations or methodologies. This study used case–control and family based approaches to investigate the etiology of NSCL/P and its two subtypes: nonsyndromic cleft lip only (NSCLO) and nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) among the Vietnamese population.MethodsTwo hundred and seventeen NSCL/P case‐parent trios (one affected child and two parents), including 105 NSCLO and 112 NSCLP were involved for a family based design; and 273 ethnic and region‐matched healthy controls with no cleft history in their families were recruited for a case–control design. Three SNPs consisting ofTFAP2A(rs1675414 and rs303048) and 8q24 (rs987525) were genotyped using the TaqMan SNP genotyping assay.ResultsTFAP2Ars1675414 was associated with NSCLO, replicated by both case‐control and family based tests. Other SNPs yielded no evidence of susceptibility to NSCL/P or two subtypes.ConclusionThe current investigation suggests an intriguing role ofTFAP2Ain the etiology of NSCLO among the Vietnamese population.
Design of a wide bandwidth and high gain wearable antenna based on nonuniform metasurface
Authors: Gao Guoping , Meng Huijia , Geng Wenfei , Zhang Benkai , Dou Zhiheng , Hu Bin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA metasurface (MS) antenna for the 5 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) band is presented in this paper. The antenna is feed by a modified aperture‐coupled structure with an optimized rectangular nonuniform MS to widen the bandwidth and improve the gain. The proposed antenna has a thickness of 4 mm and occupies an area of 50 mm × 50 mm. The operating frequency range of the antenna is 4.72–6.19 GHz, covering the 5.15–5.825 GHz band used by the 5 GHz WLAN. The measured average gain is 7.23 dBi. The simulated specific absorption rate values under 1 g and 10 g standard are lower than the limitation of U.S. and European. Due to its simple structure, wide bandwidth and small size, the proposed MS antenna has great potential in the wearable applications.
A compact multilayer substrate integrated waveguide quasi‐elliptic bandpass filter for millimeter‐wave applications
Authors: Zhang Zhiyuan , Zhu Yuanwei , Zhang Zijian , Yan Pinpin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA multilayer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) quasi‐elliptic bandpass filter based on the printed circuit board (PCB) process is presented for millimeter‐wave applications in this article. The proposed filter consists of four SIW cavities, in which the upper and lower cavities form the vertical couplings, and the two lower cavities form a mixed coupling by a short‐ended conducting strip and metallized vias. The four‐order filter can form the cross‐coupling and mixed‐coupling mechanism to introduce transmission zeros (TZs). Moreover, the filter can achieve miniaturization by vertical couplings with a size of about 0.77 × 0.49 λ02, where λ0 is the wavelength of the center frequency (25.75 GHz). Measured results show that the filter has a 3 dB bandwidth of 15.1%, the insertion loss of 1.29 dB at the center frequency (25.75 GHz) and the passband return loss better than 17 dB. Three TZs (23.1, 29.0 and 31.6 GHz) are obtained to improve the filter selectivity.
Segmentation of common and internal carotid arteries from 3D ultrasound images based on adaptive triple loss
Authors: Jiang Mingjie , Zhao Yuan , Chiu Bernard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeVessel wall volume (VWV) and localized vessel‐wall‐plus‐plaque thickness (VWT) measured from three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) carotid images are sensitive to anti‐atherosclerotic effects of medical/dietary treatments. VWV and VWT measurements require the lumen‐intima (LIB) and media‐adventitia boundaries (MAB) at the common and internal carotid arteries (CCA and ICA). However, most existing segmentation techniques were capable of segmenting the CCA only. An approach capable of segmenting the MAB and LIB from the CCA and ICA was required to accelerate VWV and VWT quantification.MethodsSegmentation for CCA and ICA was performed independently using the proposed two‐channel U‐Net, which was driven by a novel loss function known as the adaptive triple Dice loss (ADTL) function. The training set was augmented by interpolating manual segmentation along the longitudinal direction, thereby taking continuity of the artery into account. A test‐time augmentation (TTA) approach was applied, in which segmentation was performed three times based on the input axial images and its flipped versions; the final segmentation was generated by pixel‐wise majority voting.ResultsExperiments involving 224 3DUS volumes produce a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 95.1% ± 4.1% and 91.6% ± 6.6% for the MAB and LIB, in the CCA, respectively, and 94.2% ± 3.3% and 89.0% ± 8.1% for the MAB and LIB, in the ICA, respectively. TTA and ATDL independently contributed to a statistically significant improvement to all boundaries except the LIB in ICA.ConclusionsThe proposed two‐channel U‐Net with ADTL and TTA can segment the CCA and ICA accurately and efficiently from the 3DUS volume. Our approach has the potential to accelerate the transition of 3DUS measurements of carotid atherosclerosis to clinical research.
Dual flip‐angle IR‐FLASH with spin history mapping for B1+ corrected T1 mapping: Application to T1 cardiovascular magnetic resonance multitasking
Authors: Serry Fardad Michael , Ma Sen , Mao Xianglun , Han Fei , Xie Yibin , Han Hui , Li Debiao , Christodoulou Anthony G. 
Published: July 2021

PurposeTo develop a single‐scan method for ‐corrected T1 mapping and apply it for free‐breathing (FB) cardiac MR multitasking without electrocardiogram (ECG) triggering.MethodsOne dual flip‐angle (2FA) inversion recovery (IR)‐FLASH scan provides two observations of (apparent T1) corresponding to two distinct combinations of the nominal FA α and . Spatiotemporally coregistered T1 and spin history maps are obtained by fitting the 2FA signal model. T1 estimate accuracy and repeatability for single flip‐angle (1FA) and 2FA IR‐FLASH sequence MR multitasking were evaluated at 3T. A T1 phantom was first imaged on the scanner table, then on two human subjects’ thoraxes in both breath‐hold (BH) and FB conditions. IR‐turbo spin echo (IR‐TSE) static phantom T1 measurements served as reference. In 10 healthy subjects, myocardial T1 was evaluated with ECG‐free, FB multitasking sequences alongside ECG‐triggered BH MOLLI.ResultsFor phantom‐on‐table T1 estimates, 2FA agreed better with IR‐TSE (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.996, mean error ± SD = −1.6% ± 1.9%) than did 1FA (ICC = 0.922; mean error ± SD = −4.3% ± 12%). For phantom‐on‐thorax, 2FA was more repeatable and robust to respiration than 1FA (coefficient of variation [CoV] = 1.2% 2FA, = 11.3% 1FA). In vivo, in intrasession T1 repeatability, 2FA (septal CoV = 2.4%, six‐segment CoV = 4.4%) outperformed 1FA (septal CoV = 3.1%, six‐segment CoV = 5.5%). In six‐segment T1 homogeneity, 2FA (CoV = 7.9%) also outperformed 1FA (CoV = 11.1%).ConclusionThe 2FA IR‐FLASH improves T1 estimate accuracy and repeatability over 1FA IR‐FLASH, and enables single‐scan ‐corrected T1 mapping without BHs or ECG when used with MR multitasking.
The way towards for ultraflat and superclean graphene
Authors: Zhang Ruijie , Li Menghan , Li Lin , Fan Yixuan , Zhang Qing , Yu Gui , Geng Dechao , Hu Wenping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLarge‐scale and high‐quality graphene have become an emerging and promising option in modern chemistry and physics due to their fascinating properties. In the past few years, there has been encouraging progress in the controlled manufacturing of large‐size single crystal graphene. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) draws much attention because of its fine control by regulating the growth parameters. However, in the process of CVD growth and subsequent transfer, wrinkle and contamination inevitably appear, which greatly compromises the photoelectric performance of graphene and is not conducive to further application. Herein, very recent progress for ultraflat and superclean graphene is presented. First, the wrinkle and contamination in the growth and transfer process are classified, and the formation mechanism is elucidated. Then the methods of reducing wrinkle and contamination are discussed from three aspects of growth, transfer, and post‐treatment. Among them, CVD growth process is the first step to suppress contamination and wrinkle, which can be started from three important parameters in terms of catalyst, temperature, and carbon source. As for the subsequent transfer process, several new support materials and other methods including semi and dry transfer have been employed to address the concerns present for traditional PMMA material. Post‐treatment is an additional treatment strategy for residues that have been formed in growth and transfer processes. In the last section, the photoelectric properties, and applications of ultraflat and superclean graphene are discussed, posing potential in wide applications.
Cross‐national comparison of factors related to stressors, burnout and turnover among nurses in developed and developing countries
Authors: Ohue Takashi , Aryamuang Supaporn , Bourdeanu Laura , Church Jean N. , Hassan Hamidah , Kownaklai Jaruwan , Pericak Arlene , Suwannimitr Amorn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo examine factors of a hypothetical model related to stressors, burnout and turnover in nurses from developed and developing countries—Canada, Japan, the United States, Malaysia and Thailand.DesignA cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study.MethodsConducted between April 2016 and October 2017, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Intention to Leave Scale, and Nursing Stress Scale collected data from acute care hospital nurses in Canada (n = 309), Japan (n = 319), Malaysia (n = 242), Thailand (n = 211) and the United States (n = 194).ResultsCompared to other countries, burnout “exhaustion” was the highest in Japan and “cynicism” and intention to leave the job were the highest in Malaysia. Thailand had lower burnouts and turnover than other countries and higher professional efficacy than Japan and Malaysia. In all countries, reducing stressors is important for reducing burnout and intention to leave jobs, especially as they relate to “lack of support.”