bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
mRNA Delivery by a pH‐Responsive DNA Nano‐Hydrogel
Authors: Fu Xin , Chen Tianshu , Song Yuchen , Feng Chang , Chen Huinan , Zhang Qianqian , Chen Guifang , Zhu Xiaoli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe delivery of mRNA to manipulate protein expression has attracted widespread attention, since that mRNA overcomes the problem of infection and mutation risks in transgenes and can work as drugs for the treatment of diseases. Although there are currently some vehicles that deliver mRNA into cells, they have not yet reached a good balance in terms of expression efficiency and biocompatibility. Here, a DNA nano‐hydrogel system for mRNA delivery is developed. The nano‐hydrogel is all composed of DNA except the target mRNA, so it has superior biocompatibility compared with those chemical vehicles. In parallel, the nano‐hydrogel can be compacted into a nanosphere under the crosslinking by well‐designed “X”‐shaped DNA scaffolds and DNA linkers, facilitating the delivery into cells through endocytosis. In addition, smart intracellular release of the mRNA is achieved by incorporating a pH‐responsive i‐motif structure into the nano‐hydrogel. Thus, taking the efficient delivery and release together, mRNA can be translated into the corresponding protein with a high efficiency, which is comparable to that of the commercial liposome but with a much better biocompatibility. Due to the excellent biocompatibility and efficiency, this nano‐hydrogel system is expected to become a competitive alternative for delivering functional mRNA in vivo.
Spatial‐Mark‐Resight Model to Estimate Raccoon Abundance in Yosemite Valley, California
Authors: Kukielka Esther A. , MartÍnez‐lÓpez Beatriz , Ballweber Lora R. , Buttke Danielle , Patrick Katie , Wold E. Binta , Mazur Rachel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrior to 2017 there was a lack of information regarding the abundance and density of raccoons (Procyon lotor) living in Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, California. However, increased awareness of zoonotic disease raised concerns that human‐raccoon interactions in Yosemite Valley could pose a risk of disease transmission. Additionally, biologists needed to know if raccoons would threaten the success of an endangered species reintroduction program for the California red‐legged frog (Rana draytonii). Our project had several objectives: to obtain a population estimate of raccoons in the Yosemite Valley; to evaluate whether a zoonotic disease risk regardingBaylisascaris procyonisexisted; to learn more about the extent of raccoon nuisance behavior; and to consider the risk raccoons may pose to the conservation of the California red‐legged frog. We estimated a density of 1.89 (interquartile rate = 1.02–3.14) raccoons/km2and a population estimate of 40 individuals (SD ± 11.5), during Summer and Fall 2017. Three of 6 raccoons sampled showed evidence ofB. procyonisinfection, indicating a zoonotic risk for visitors to the park. There were 38 recorded incidents of raccoon nuisance behavior. Due to the low estimated raccoon density, we do not expect their presence to be a limiting factor for the California red‐legged frog reintroduction program; however, we do suggest that future release sites be located away from known raccoon use areas. We encourage continued attention to wildlife‐proof storage of food and garbage, visitor education regarding zoonotic disease risks, management actions aimed at ending anthropogenic feeding, and prompt clean‐up of latrine sites found near eating or play areas. © 2021 The Authors.Wildlife Society Bulletinpublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Recycling and Upcycling: FENIX Validation on Three Use Cases
Authors: Bianchin Alvise , Smyrnakis George 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWithin FENIX a set of three use cases has been developed in order to test in practice the selected business models. After the description of a common data repository virtually connecting all the use cases and describing the common step of PCB disassembly, this chapter presents each use case into detail, by evidencing the main findings.
Circular Economy Performance Assessment
Authors: Rocca Roberto , Sassanelli Claudio , Rosa Paolo , Terzi Sergio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe main aim of the FENIX project is the development of new business models and industrial strategies for three novel supply chains in order to enable value-added product-services. Through a set of success stories coming from the application of circular economy principles in different industrial sectors, FENIX wants to demonstrate in practice the real benefits coming from its adoption. In addition, Key Enabling Technologies (KETs) will be integrated within the selected processes to improve the efficient recovery of secondary resources. This chapter focuses on the definition of a novel Circular Economy Performance Assessment (CEPA) methodology to be adopted within the FENIX project. This implementation activity has been done into two steps. From one side, a state-of-the-art analysis of existing CE methodologies and related KPIs has been executed and the most common circularity assessment methods (and KPIs) have been identified. Subsequently, a totally new CEPA methodology has been developed starting from the findings coming from the literature. This methodology, together with classic LCA and LCC methods, will be exploited for the quantitative assessment of CBMs.
Semi-automated PCB Disassembly Station
Authors: Galparoli Simone , Caielli Andrea , Rosa Paolo , Terzi Sergio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe main aim of the FENIX project is the development of new business models and industrial strategies for three novel supply chains in order to enable value-added product-services. Through a set of success stories coming from the application of circular economy principles in different industrial sectors, FENIX wants to demonstrate in practice the real benefits coming from its adoption. In addition, Key Enabling Technologies (KETs) will be integrated within the selected processes to improve the efficient recovery of secondary resources. In this sense, among the available KETs, the adoption of digital and advanced automated solutions allows companies to re-thinking their business strategies, trying to cope with even more severe environmental requirements. Among these technological solutions, the paradigm of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is the most popular. I4.0 entails the development of a new concept of economic policy based on high-tech strategies and internet-connected technologies allowing the creation of added-value for organizations and society. Unlike the activities developed in T3.1, related to the development and implementation of simulation tools and models for the smartphones’ disassembly process optimization, here the attention has been spent in managing and optimizing a new semi-automated PCBs disassembly station. The disassembly of products is a key process in the treatment of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment. When performed efficiently, it enables the maximization of resources re-usage and a minimization of pollution. Within the I4.0 paradigm, collaborative robots (co-bots in short) can safely interact with humans and learn from them. This flexibility makes them suitable for supporting current CE practices, especially during disassembly and remanufacturing operations. D3.2 focuses on describing the semi-automated PCB disassembly process implemented at the POLIMI’s Industry 4.0 Lab, aiming to demonstrate in practice the benefits of exploiting I4.0 technologies in PCB disassembly processes. Results highlight how a semi-automated cell where operators and cobots works together can allow a better management of both repetitive and specific activities, the safe interaction of cobots with operators and the simple management of the high variability related with different kinds of PCBs.
A Mobile Pilot Plant for the Recovery of Precious and Critical Raw Materials
Authors: Birloaga Ionela , Ippolito Nicolo Maria , Vegliò Francesco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn order to furtherly proceed with the recycling of raw materials from e-wastes, PCBs must be treated in a hydrometallurgical process able to extract useful materials from them. This chapter presents some details of the hydrometallurgical pilot plant developed in FENIX.
Partizipation, digitale Technologien und gesellschaftlicher Dialog in der Stapferhaus-Ausstellung „FAKE. Die ganze Wahrheit“
Authors: Hochuli Julia , Enz Sonja 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungFake-Profile, Fake-Produkte und Fake News, schummelnde Konzerne, dopende Sportler und lügende Politikerinnen – Fake und Lüge sind heute in aller Munde und auf allen Kanälen. Bedroht die Lüge unser Zusammenleben? Wer bestimmt eigentlich, was wahr ist? Und wem können wir noch vertrauen? Um diese Fragen zu verhandeln, hat das Stapferhaus seinen Neubau direkt am Bahnhof Lenzburg im Oktober 2018 in aller Bescheidenheit als „Amt für die ganze Wahrheit“ eröffnet.
Amalgam und Alternativen – Diskussionen zur Quecksilberreduktion in der Umwelt
Authors: Frankenberger Roland , Winter Julia , Schmalz Gottfried 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDentales Amalgam wird seit über 180 Jahren erfolgreich in der zahnärztlichen Füllungstherapie kariöser Läsionen eingesetzt. Es ist langlebig, in der Verarbeitung wenig techniksensitiv und damit fehlertolerant. Seit vielen Jahren befindet sich das dentale Amalgam jedoch in der öffentlichen Diskussion, v. a. wegen seines Quecksilberanteils von ca. 50 %. Seit Veröffentlichung des „Minamata-Übereinkommens“ im Jahr 2013 mit dem primären Ziel, die Ausleitung anthropogenen Quecksilbers in die Umwelt zu reduzieren, ist die zwischenzeitlich fast verstummte Amalgamkritik wieder deutlich lauter geworden. Ein weiterer nicht unerheblicher Nachteil des Amalgams ist die silbrig-schwärzliche Farbe, die heute den ästhetischen Erfordernissen der Patienten oft nicht mehr entspricht.Der vorliegende Beitrag skizziert die Grundproblematik von Amalgam vor dem Hintergrund multipler biologischer, klinischer und gesundheitspolitischer Aspekte. Es wird Bezug genommen zu möglichen Auswirkungen, insbesondere des Minamata-Übereinkommens, auf gesetzliche Regelungen sowie auf die Verwendung von Werkstoffen und damit auch auf das Versorgungssystem der Zukunft. Außerdem werden mögliche Materialalternativen sowie biomedizinischer Forschungsbedarf auf dem Gebiet der restaurativen Zahnerhaltung dargestellt und abschließend die Frage gestellt, ob wir überhaupt die richtige Diskussion führen.
MRI nomenclature for musculoskeletal infection
Authors: Alaia Erin F. , Chhabra Avneesh , Simpfendorfer Claus S. , Cohen Micah , Mintz Douglas N. , Vossen Josephina A. , Zoga Adam C. , Fritz Jan , Spritzer Charles E. , Armstrong David G. , Morrison William B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Society of Skeletal Radiology (SSR) Practice Guidelines and Technical Standards Committee identified musculoskeletal infection as a White Paper topic, and selected a Committee, tasked with developing a consensus on nomenclature for MRI of musculoskeletal infection outside the spine. The objective of the White Paper was to critically assess the literature and propose standardized terminology for imaging findings of infection on MRI, in order to improve both communication with clinical colleagues and patient care.A definition was proposed for each term; debate followed, and the committee reached consensus. Potential controversies were raised, with formulated recommendations. The committee arrived at consensus definitions for cellulitis, soft tissue abscess, and necrotizing infection, while discouraging the nonspecific term phlegmon. For bone infection, the term osteitis is not useful; the panel recommends using terms that describe the likelihood of osteomyelitis in cases where definitive signal changes are lacking. The work was presented virtually to SSR members, who had the opportunity for review and modification prior to submission for publication.
Phagotrophic protists (protozoa) in Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems: diversity, distribution, ecology, and best research practices
Authors: Thompson Andrew R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhagotrophic protists (formerly protozoa) are a highly diverse, polyphyletic grouping of generally unicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes that are key regulators of the soil microbiome. The biodiversity and ecology of soil phagotrophic protists are still largely uncharacterized, especially in the Antarctic, which possesses some of the harshest terrestrial environments known and potentially many physiologically unique and scientifically interesting species. Antarctic soil systems are also highly limited in terms of moisture, temperature, and carbon, and the resulting reduced biological complexity can facilitate fine-tuned investigation of the drivers and functioning of microbial communities. To facilitate and encourage future research into protist biodiversity and ecology, especially in context of the broader functioning of Antarctic terrestrial communities, I review the biodiversity, distribution, and ecology of Antarctic soil phagotrophic protists. Biodiversity appears to be highly structured by region and taxonomic group, with the Antarctic Peninsula having the highest taxonomic diversity and ciliates (Ciliophora) being the most diverse taxonomic group. However, richness estimates are likely skewed by disproportionate sampling (over half of the studies are from the peninsula), habitat type bias (predominately moss-associated soils), investigator bias (toward ciliates and the testate amoeba morphogroup), and methodological approach (toward cultivation and morphological identification). To remedy these biases, a standardized methodology using both morphological and molecular identification and increased emphasis on microflagellate and naked amoeba morphogroups is needed. Additionally, future research should transition away from biodiversity survey studies to dedicated ecological studies that emphasize the function, ecophysiology, endemicity, dispersal, and impact of abiotic drivers beyond moisture and temperature.
Expert opinion paper on cardiac imaging after ischemic stroke
Authors: Schnabel Renate B. , Camen Stephan , Knebel Fabian , Hagendorff Andreas , Bavendiek Udo , Böhm Michael , Doehner Wolfram , Endres Matthias , Gröschel Klaus , Goette Andreas , Huttner Hagen B. , Jensen Christoph , Kirchhof Paulus , Korosoglou Grigorios , Laufs Ulrich , Liman Jan , Morbach Caroline , Nabavi Darius Günther , Neumann-Haefelin Tobias , Pfeilschifter Waltraud , Poli Sven , Rizos Timolaos , Rolf Andreas , Röther Joachim , Schäbitz Wolf Rüdiger , Steiner Thorsten , Thomalla Götz , Wachter Rolf , Haeusler Karl Georg 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis expert opinion paper on cardiac imaging after acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) includes a statement of the “Heart and Brain” consortium of the German Cardiac Society and the German Stroke Society. The Stroke Unit-Commission of the German Stroke Society and the German Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET) endorsed this paper. Cardiac imaging is a key component of etiological work-up after stroke. Enhanced echocardiographic tools, constantly improving cardiac computer tomography (CT) as well as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offer comprehensive non- or less-invasive cardiac evaluation at the expense of increased costs and/or radiation exposure. Certain imaging findings usually lead to a change in medical secondary stroke prevention or may influence medical treatment. However, there is no proof from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that the choice of the imaging method influences the prognosis of stroke patients. Summarizing present knowledge, the German Heart and Brain consortium proposes an interdisciplinary, staged standard diagnostic scheme for the detection of risk factors of cardio-embolic stroke. This expert opinion paper aims to give practical advice to physicians who are involved in stroke care. In line with the nature of an expert opinion paper, labeling of classes of recommendations is not provided, since many statements are based on expert opinion, reported case series, and clinical experience.
Expanding the Swiss autosomal marker set to 32 STRs
Authors: Zieger Martin , Gouy Alexandre , Utz Silvia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBy genotyping 1198 individuals with the Qiagen Investigator® HDplex Kit, we expand the Swiss autosomal STR dataset to 32 loci, providing additional resources for complex kinship cases. We present the first high-quality allele frequency dataset for loci D2S1360, D5S2500, D7S1517, and D10S2325 that will be accessible through the ENFSI reference database STRidER. For loci D3S1744, D4S2366, D6S474, D8S1132, and D21S2055, we provide a first European STRidER dataset.
Relating cardiorespiratory responses to work rate during incremental ramp exercise on treadmill in children and adolescents: sex and age differences
Authors: Lai Nicola , Fiutem Justin J. , Pfaff Nora , Salvadego Desy , Strainic James 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Evaluation of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) slopes such as $$d\mathrm{H}\mathrm{R}/d{\mathrm{W}\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}}$$

d
H
R
/
d

W
R

t
o
t

(cardiac/skeletal muscle function) and $${d \dot{V}{\text{O}} }_{2}/d{\mathrm{W}\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}}$$

d

V
˙

O

2

/
d

W
R

t
o
t

(O2 delivery/utilization), using treadmill protocols is limited because the difficulties in measuring the total work rate ($${\mathrm{W}\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}}$$

W
R

t
o
t

). To overcome this limitation, we proposed a new method in quantifying $${\mathrm{W}\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}}$$

W
R

t
o
t

to determine CPET slopes.

Methods
CPET’s were performed by healthy patients, (n = 674, 9–18 year) 300 female (F) and 374 male (M), using an incremental ramp protocol on a treadmill. For this protocol, a quantitative relationship based on biomechanical principles of human locomotion, was used to quantify the $${\mathrm{W}\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}}$$

W
R

t
o
t

of the subject. CPET slopes were determined by linear regression of the data recorded until the gas exchange threshold occurred.

Results
The method to estimate $${\mathrm{W}\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}}$$

W
R

t
o
t

was substantiated by verifying that: $$d{ \dot{V}{\text{O}} }_{2}/d{\mathrm{W}\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}}$$

d

V
˙

O

2

/
d

W
R

t
o
t

for treadmill exercise corresponded to an efficiency of muscular work similar to that of cycle ergometer; $$d{ \dot{V}{\text{O}} }_{2}/d{\mathrm{W}\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}}$$

d

V
˙

O

2

/
d

W
R

t
o
t

(mL min−1 W−1) was invariant with age and greater in M than F older than 12 years old (13–14 years: 9.6 ± 1.5(F) vs. 10.5 ± 1.8(M); 15–16 years: 9.7 ± 1.7(F) vs. 10.6 ± 2.2(M); 17–18 years: 9.6 ± 1.7(F) vs. 11.0 ± 2.3(M), p < 0.05); similar to cycle ergometer exercise, $$dHR/d{WR}_{tot}$$

d
H
R
/
d

WR

tot

was inversely related to body weight (BW) (r = 0.71) or $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{2,{\text{~peak}}}}$$

V
˙

O

2
,

peak

(r = 0.66) and $$d{ \dot{V}{\text{O}} }_{2}/d{\mathrm{W}\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}}$$

d

V
˙

O

2

/
d

W
R

t
o
t

was not related to BW (r = − 0.01), but had a weak relationship with $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{2,{\text{~peak}}}}$$

V
˙

O

2
,

peak

(r = 0.28).

Conclusion
The proposed approach can be used to estimate $${\mathrm{W}\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}}$$

W
R

t
o
t

and quantify CPET slopes derived from incremental ramp protocols at submaximal exercise intensities using the treadmill, like the cycle ergometer, to infer cardiovascular and metabolic function in both healthy and diseased states.
OsJAZ11 regulates phosphate starvation responses in rice
Authors: Pandey Bipin K. , Verma Lokesh , Prusty Ankita , Singh Ajit Pal , Bennett Malcolm J. , Tyagi Akhilesh K. , Giri Jitender , Mehra Poonam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMain conclusionOsJAZ11regulates phosphate homeostasis by suppressing jasmonic acid signaling and biosynthesis in rice roots.AbstractJasmonic Acid (JA) is a key plant signaling molecule which negatively regulates growth processes including root elongation. JAZ (JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN) proteins function as transcriptional repressors of JA signaling. Therefore, targeting JA signaling by deploying JAZ repressors may enhance root length in crops. In this study, we overexpressed JAZ repressorOsJAZ11in rice to alleviate the root growth inhibitory action of JA.OsJAZ11is a low phosphate (Pi) responsive gene which is transcriptionally regulated by OsPHR2. We report thatOsJAZ11overexpression promoted primary and seminal root elongation which enhanced Pi foraging. Expression studies revealed that overexpression ofOsJAZ11also reduced Pi starvation response (PSR) under Pi limiting conditions. Moreover,OsJAZ11overexpression also suppressed JA signaling and biosynthesis as compared to wild type (WT). We further demonstrated that the C-terminal region of OsJAZ11 was crucial for stimulating root elongation in overexpression lines. Rice transgenics overexpressing truncatedOsJAZ11ΔCtransgene (i.e., missing C-terminal region) exhibited reduced root length and Pi uptake. Interestingly, OsJAZ11 also regulates Pi homeostasis via physical interaction with a key Pi sensing protein, OsSPX1. Our study highlights the functional connections between JA and Pi signaling and reveals JAZ repressors as a promising candidate for improving low Pi tolerance of elite rice genotypes.
Effect of spray air settings of speed-increasing contra-angle handpieces on intrapulpal temperatures, drilling times, and coolant spray pattern
Authors: Lempel Edina , Szalma József 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Decreasing aerosol leaks are of great interest, especially in the recent era of COVID-19. The aim was to investigate intrapulpal heat development, coolant spray patterns, and the preparation efficiency of speed-increasing contra-angle handpieces with the spray air on (mist) or off (water jet) settings during restorative cavity preparations.

Methods
Standard-sized cavities were prepared in 80 extracted intact human molar teeth using diamond cylindrical drills with a 1:5 speed-increasing contra-angle handpiece. A custom-made device maintained the standardized lateral drilling force (3 N) and predetermined depth. Temperatures were measured using intrapulpal thermocouple probes. The four experimental groups were as follows: mist cooling mode at 15 mL/min (AIR15), water jet cooling mode at 15 mL/min (JET15), mist cooling mode at 30 mL/min (AIR30), and water jet cooling mode at 30 mL/min (JET30). The coolant spray pattern was captured using macro-photo imaging.

Results
The JET15 group had the highest increase in temperature (ΔT = 6.02 °C), while JET30 (ΔT = 2.24 °C; p < 0.001), AIR15 (ΔT = 3.34 °C; p = 0.042), and AIR30 (ΔT = 2.95 °C; p = 0.003) had significantly lower increases in temperature. Fine mist aerosol was formed in the AIR15 and AIR30 preparations but not in the JET15 and JET30 preparations (p < 0.001). The irrigation mode had no influence on the preparation time (p = 0.672).

Conclusions
Water jet irrigation using coolant at 30 mL/min appeared to be the optimal mode. Considering the safe intrapulpal temperatures and the absence of fine mist aerosols, this mode can be recommended for restorative cavity preparations.

Clinical significance
To increase infection control in dental practices, the water jet irrigation mode of speed-increasing handpieces with coolant flow rates of 30 mL/min should be considered for restorative cavity preparations.