bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence, functionality, and abundance of theTERTpromoter mutations
Authors: Rachakonda Sivaramakrishna , Hoheisel Jörg D. , Kumar Rajiv 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTelomere shortening at chromosomal ends due to the constraints of the DNA replication process acts as a tumor suppressor by restricting the replicative potential in primary cells. Cancers evade that limitation primarily through the reactivation of telomerase via different mechanisms. Mutations within the promoter of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene represent a definite mechanism for the ribonucleic enzyme regeneration predominantly in cancers that arise from tissues with low rates of self-renewal. The promoter mutations cause a moderate increase inTERTtranscription and consequent telomerase upregulation to the levels sufficient to delay replicative senescence but not prevent bulk telomere shortening and genomic instability. Since the discovery, a staggering number of studies and publications have resolved the discrete aspects, effects, and clinical relevance of theTERTpromoter mutations. The promoter mutations link transcription ofTERTwith oncogenic pathways, associate with markers of poor outcome, and define patients with reduced survivals in several cancers. In this review, we discuss the occurrence and impact of the promoter mutations and highlight the mechanism ofTERTactivation. We further deliberate on the foundational question of the abundance of theTERTpromoter mutations and a general dearth of functional mutations within noncoding sequences, as evident from pan-cancer analysis of the whole-genomes. We posit that the favorable genomic constellation within theTERTpromoter may be less than a common occurrence in other noncoding functional elements. The evolutionary constraints limit the functional fraction within the human genome, hence the lack of abundant mutations outside the coding sequences.
The entrepreneurial diary – a reflective learning activity to enhance the judgmental abilities of student entrepreneurs
Authors: Hägg Gustav 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to theorize how to develop student entrepreneurs' ability to reflect by means of a learning activity called the entrepreneurial diary, which seeks to develop self-regulated learners capable of intelligent entrepreneurial action. The importance of self-regulation in entrepreneurship is linked to the individual's ability to make judgments under conditions of uncertainty, which requires reflective thinking.Design/methodology/approachThe paper builds on a synthesized conceptualization of three main literature strands, reflective thinking, cognitive-load theory and experiential entrepreneurship education. In addition to the synthesized conceptualization, it builds on some empirical insights derived from a venture creation master programme in which the learning activity has been developed and refined for the last seven years.FindingsThe main finding from the paper is the theoretical justification for why reflective thinking deserves an important place in the educational process and how the entrepreneurial diary as a learning activity can create a bridge between theory and practice in venture creation programmes that take an experience-based pedagogical approach. Furthermore, the study also provides some empirical insights of how students create self-awareness of their learning through the method and the metareflection reports. Self-awareness is foundational for developing conditional knowledge on why and when to make entrepreneurial decisions to balance the often action-oriented processes seen in venture creation programmes.Originality/valueThe paper provides both a practical learning activity to be used in the entrepreneurial classroom and a theoretical contribution on how entrepreneurial experience is transformed into entrepreneurial knowledge to enhance students' judgmental abilities to make entrepreneurial decisions in future entrepreneurial endeavours.
Housing prices and the probability of marriage among the young: evidence from land reform in China
Authors: Hu Mingzhi , Wu Lina , Xiang Guocheng , Zhong Shihu 
Published: May 2021

PurposeUsing data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, this work examines the relationship between housing price and the probability of marriage among the young.Design/methodology/approachBy exploiting land reform as an exogenous change in housing price and employing a differences-in-differences framework, this study investigates the effects of housing price on the marriage probability of young people.FindingsThis work confirms that land reform decreased young people's likelihood of marriage. This finding is robust to a series of model specifications. The effects of land reform increased over time because of rising housing unaffordability from progressively inflating housing prices. Moreover, land reform had larger effects on renters and young adults aged below 30 than homeowners and young adults aged above 30.Social implicationsOverall, this study highlights the negative consequences of an overheated housing market on marriage in developing countries.Originality/valueHousing prices have increased dramatically in urban China after 2002 upon the implementation of the assignment system of the use right of all kinds of profit-oriented lands by means of public bidding, auction and quotation. High housing prices indicate serious housing unaffordability, especially for young people who typically have low income and wealth. Homeownership that comes with various benefits can theoretically increase the likelihood of marriage, particularly in China where a house is often regarded as a prerequisite for marriage.
Re-mediating designs for equity: making commitments concrete
Authors: Jurow A. Susan , Freeman Quinton 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to detail how a social design experiment focused on equity was systematically reorganized to address changing historical and social contexts of injustice.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a design narrative.FindingsThe design narrative presents the principled foundations that guided our re-design of the social design experiment.Originality/valueThe value of this design narrative is in demonstrating how designs for equity need to be revised in light of dynamic social, cultural and historical circumstances.
Does narcissistic leadership enhance employee resilience? A moderated mediation model of goal-directed energy and psychological availability
Authors: Li Jin , Tong Yiwen 
Published: May 2021

PurposeDrawing on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study highlights the mediating role of goal-directed energy as a critical psychological resource. The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of goal-directed energy on the relationship between narcissistic leadership and employee resilience. The study also explores the moderating effect of psychological availability on the relationship between narcissistic leadership and goal-directed energy.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 857 employees and their supervisors at 137 enterprises in China. Confirmatory factor analysis, hierarchical multiple regression analysis and path analysis were adopted to analyze the data.FindingsThe results indicate that narcissistic leadership has a positive effect on goal-directed energy, which, in turn, enhances employee resilience. Furthermore, the effect of narcissistic leadership on goal-directed energy becomes more prominent in the context of lower psychological availability.Practical implicationsFirst, narcissistic leadership is supposed to play an effective role in helping employees gain resources. Second, organizations should attach importance to implementing resilience-building programs on employees to cope with uncertainty. Third, organizations should offer multiple training opportunities to stimulate employees’ goal-directed energy.Originality/valueFirst, the findings suggest that employee resilience is influenced by narcissistic leadership, which provides more possibilities for the study on the antecedents of resilience. Second, the study offers novel insights regarding the effect of narcissistic leadership on employee resilience through goal-directed energy. Finally, it also examines psychological availability as the boundary condition between narcissistic leadership and goal-directed energy.
Artificial intelligence model for building investment portfolio optimization mix using historical stock prices data
Authors: Adebiyi Sulaimon Olanrewaju , Ogunbiyi Oludayo Olatosimi , Amole Bilqis Bolanle 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to implement a genetic algorithmic geared toward building an optimized investment portfolio exploring data set from stocks of firms listed on the Nigerian exchange market. To provide a research-driven guide toward portfolio business assessment and implementation for optimal risk-return.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach was to formulate the portfolio selection problem as a mathematical programming problem to optimize returns of portfolio; calculated by a Sharpe ratio. A genetic algorithm (GA) is then applied to solve the formulated model. The GA lead to an optimized portfolio, suggesting an effective asset allocation to achieve the optimized returns.

Findings
The approach enables an investor to take a calculated risk in selecting and investing in an investment portfolio best minimizes the risks and maximizes returns. The investor can make a sound investment decision based on expected returns suggested from the optimal portfolio.

Research limitations/implications
The data used for the GA model building and implementation GA was limited to stock market prices. Thus, portfolio investment that which to combines another capital market instrument was used.

Practical implications
Investment managers can implement this GA method to solve the usual bottleneck in selecting or determining which stock to advise potential investors to invest in, and also advise on which capital sharing ratio to reduce risk and attain optimal portfolio-mix targeted at achieving an optimal return on investment.

Originality/value
The value proposition of this paper is due to its exhaustiveness in considering the very important measures in the selection of an optimal portfolio such as risk, liquidity ratio, returns, diversification and asset allocation.
Alternative flowers affect model and mimic flower discrimination performance of bumblebees
Authors: Tsujimoto Shohei G. , Ishii Hiroshi S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Some animal‐pollinated flowers produce no rewards but attract pollinators by imitating rewarding flowers. Termed Batesian floral mimicry, this phenomenon has generally been understood in terms of a common system of the organisms performing one of three roles as model flowers, mimic flowers or signal receivers (a Batesian mimicry trinity). However, organisms other than those of the mimicry trinity may play important roles in the relationships of the trinity members.

This study examined the effect of alternative flowers that are dissimilar to either model or mimic flowers on bumblebee discrimination between model and mimic flowers. To this end, we observed bumblebees Bombus ignitus (Smith), foraging in mixed arrays of artificial flowers mirroring either model, mimic or alternative flowers.

Bumblebees’ ability to discriminate mimic from model flowers was impacted by the presence of alternative flowers; however, the effect was dependent on the similarity between the model and mimic flowers. This might occur because the presence of alternative flowers imposed an additional cognitive load on the bees’ working memory.

Our study suggests that alternative flowers in a community may have beneficial effects on mimic flowers by reducing the discrimination performance of pollinators. A variety of environmental factors that impose complex sensory inputs on pollinators’ working memory might have contributed to the maintenance of Batesian floral mimicry.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Degradation of ester linkages in rice straw components by Sphingobium species recovered from the sea bottom using a non‐secretory tannase‐family α/β hydrolase
Authors: Ohta Yukari , Katsumata Madoka , Kurosawa Kanako , Takaki Yoshihiro , Nishimura Hiroshi , Watanabe Takashi , Kasuya Ken‐ichi 
Published: May 2021

SummaryMicrobial decomposition of allochthonous plant components imported into the aquatic environment is one of the vital steps of the carbon cycle on earth. To expand the knowledge of the biodegradation of complex plant materials in aquatic environments, we recovered a sunken wood from the bottom of Otsuchi Bay, situated in northeastern Japan in 2012. We isolated Sphingobium with high ferulic acid esterase activity. The strain, designated as OW59, grew on various aromatic compounds and sugars, occurring naturally in terrestrial plants. A genomic study of the strain suggested its role in degrading hemicelluloses. We identified a gene encoding a non‐secretory tannase‐family α/β hydrolase, which exhibited ferulic acid esterase activity. This enzyme shares the consensus catalytic triad (Ser‐His‐Asp) within the tannase family block X in the ESTHER database. The molecules, which had the same calculated elemental compositions, were produced consistently in both the enzymatic and microbial degradation of rice straw crude extracts. The non‐secretory tannase‐family α/β hydrolase activity may confer an important phenotypic feature on the strain to accelerate plant biomass degradation. Our study provides insights into the underlying biodegradation process of terrestrial plant polymers in aquatic environments.
FurC (PerR) from Anabaena sp. PCC7120: a versatile transcriptional regulator engaged in the regulatory network of heterocyst development and nitrogen fixation
Authors: Sarasa‐Buisan Cristina , Guio Jorge , Broset Esther , Peleato M. Luisa , Fillat María F. , Sevilla Emma 
Published: May 2021

SummaryFurC (PerR) from Anabaena sp. PCC7120 was previously described as a key transcriptional regulator involved in setting off the oxidative stress response. In the last years, the cross‐talk between oxidative stress, iron homeostasis and nitrogen metabolism is becoming more and more evident. In this work, the transcriptome of a furC‐overexpressing strain was compared with that of a wild‐type strain under both standard and nitrogen‐deficiency conditions. The results showed that the overexpression of furC deregulates genes involved in several categories standing out photosynthesis, iron transport and nitrogen metabolism. The novel FurC‐direct targets included some regulatory elements that control heterocyst development (hetZ and asr1734), genes directly involved in the heterocyst envelope formation (devBCA and hepC) and genes which participate in the nitrogen fixation process (nifHDK and nifH2, rbrA rubrerythrin and xisHI excisionase). Likewise, furC overexpression notably impacts the mRNA levels of patA encoding a key protein in the heterocyst pattern formation. The relevance of FurC in these processes is bringing out by the fact that the overexpression of furC impairs heterocyst development and cell growth under nitrogen step‐down conditions. In summary, this work reveals a new player in the complex regulatory network of heterocyst formation and nitrogen fixation.
Comprehensive single‐PCR 16S and 18S rRNA community analysis validated with mock communities, and estimation of sequencing bias against 18S
Authors: Yeh Yi‐Chun , McNichol Jesse , Needham David M. , Fichot Erin B. , Berdjeb Lyria , Fuhrman Jed A. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryUniversal primers for SSU rRNA genes allow profiling of natural communities by simultaneously amplifying templates from Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota in a single PCR reaction. Despite the potential to show relative abundance for all rRNA genes, universal primers are rarely used, due to various concerns including amplicon length variation and its effect on bioinformatic pipelines. We thus developed 16S and 18S rRNA mock communities and a bioinformatic pipeline to validate this approach. Using these mocks, we show that universal primers (515Y/926R) outperformed eukaryote‐specific V4 primers in observed versus expected abundance correlations (slope = 0.88 vs. 0.67–0.79), and mock community members with single mismatches to the primer were strongly underestimated (threefold to eightfold). Using field samples, both primers yielded similar 18S beta‐diversity patterns (Mantel test, p < 0.001) but differences in relative proportions of many rarer taxa. To test for length biases, we mixed mock communities (16S + 18S) before PCR and found a twofold underestimation of 18S sequences due to sequencing bias. Correcting for the twofold underestimation, we estimate that, in Southern California field samples (1.2–80 μm), there were averages of 35% 18S, 28% chloroplast 16S, and 37% prokaryote 16S rRNA genes. These data demonstrate the potential for universal primers to generate comprehensive microbiome profiles.
Comparative genomics reveals a core gene toolbox for lifestyle transitions in Hypocreales fungi
Authors: Wu Baojun , Cox Murray P. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryFungi have evolved diverse lifestyles and adopted pivotal new roles in both natural ecosystems and human environments. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their adaptation to new lifestyles are obscure. Here, we hypothesize that genes shared across all species with the same lifestyle, but absent in genera with alternative lifestyles, are crucial to that lifestyle. By analysing dozens of species within four genera in a fungal order, with each genus following a different lifestyle, we find that genus‐specific genes are typically few in number. Notably, not all genus‐specific genes appear to derive from de novo birth, with most instead reflecting recurrent loss across the fungi. Importantly, however, a subset of these genus‐specific genes are shared by fungi with the same lifestyle in quite different evolutionary orders, thus supporting the view that some genus‐specific genes are necessary for specific lifestyles. These lifestyle‐specific genes are enriched for key functional classes and often exhibit specialized expression patterns. Genus‐specific selection also contributes to lifestyle transitions, and is especially associated with intensity of pathogenesis. Our study, therefore, suggests that fungal adaptation to new lifestyles often requires just a small number of core genes, with gene turnover and positive selection playing complementary roles.
Probiotics in the dairy industry—Advances and opportunities
Authors: Gao Jie , Li Xiyu , Zhang Guohua , Sadiq Faizan Ahmed , Simal‐Gandara Jesus , Xiao Jianbo , Sang Yaxin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe past two decades have witnessed a global surge in the application of probiotics as functional ingredients in food, animal feed, and pharmaceutical products. Among food industries, the dairy industry is the largest sector where probiotics are employed in a number of dairy products including sour/fermented milk, yogurt, cheese, butter/cream, ice cream, and infant formula. These probiotics are either used as starter culture alone or in combination with traditional starters, or incorporated into dairy products following fermentation, where their presence imparts many functional characteristics to the product (for instance, improved aroma, taste, and textural characteristics), in addition to conferring many health‐promoting properties. However, there are still many challenges related to the stability and functionality of probiotics in dairy products. This review highlights the advances, opportunities, and challenges of application of probiotics in dairy industries. Benefits imparted by probiotics to dairy products including their role in physicochemical characteristics and nutritional properties (clinical and functional perspective) are also discussed. We transcend the traditional concept of the application of probiotics in dairy products and discuss paraprobiotics and postbiotics as a newly emerged concept in the field of probiotics in a particular relation to the dairy industry. Some potential applications of paraprobiotics and postbiotics in dairy products as functional ingredients for the development of functional dairy products with health‐promoting properties are briefly elucidated.
ALK‐positive lung cancer in a patient with recurrent brain metastases and meningeal dissemination who achieved long‐term survival of more than seven years with sequential treatment of five ALK‐inhibitors: A case report
Authors: Yamamoto Keisuke , Toyokawa Gouji , Kozuma Yuka , Shoji Fumihiro , Yamazaki Koji , Takeo Sadanori 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe incidence of central nervous system (CNS) metastases in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion gene‐positive (ALK+) non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is high, ranging from approximately 20%–70%. Although ALK inhibitors (ALKis) are generally effective for CNS metastases in patients with ALK+ NSCLC, relapse with CNS metastases is frequently observed. A 37‐year‐old woman with a high level of carcinoembryonic antigen was diagnosed with right lung adenocarcinoma (pathological stage IIIA) and underwent right lower lobectomy. Despite the administration of postoperative chemotherapy, her carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level remained elevated. Although crizotinib was administered due to the positivity for ALK fusion, brain metastases appeared at 19.0 months after the start of treatment. Treatment with alectinib following crizotinib resulted in the complete disappearance of brain metastases. However, brain metastases relapsed, and meningeal dissemination appeared at 38.3 months after the start of treatment with alectinib. Although ceritinib, brigatinib, and alectinib rechallenge were attempted, the CNS lesions worsened. Lorlatinib was then administered, resulting in the normalization of the CEA level (4.5 ng/ml) 4.1 months after the start of lorlatinib. The brain metastases and meningeal dissemination almost disappeared. The overall time from the start of crizotinib to lorlatinib is 89.5 months at present, and the patient continues to be treated with lorlatinib without relapse. Lorlatinib was effective in this case with brain metastases and meningeal dissemination after resistance to first‐ and second‐generation ALKis. Appropriate sequential treatment with first‐, second‐ and third‐generation ALKis can lead to a long‐term survival in ALK+ patients with brain metastases and meningeal dissemination.