bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body composition of children with different gestation time
Authors: Kryst Łukasz , Żegleń Magdalena , Woronkowicz Agnieszka , Kowal Małgorzata 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the differences in body composition between prepubescent children, depending on the time of gestation.MethodsThe study was conducted among children aged 3–10 years. The thickness of 5 (triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal, calf) skinfolds, mid‐upper arm circumference, body height, weight and femur breadth was measured. Sum of 3 skinfolds, Body Mass Index (BMI) and muscle mass were calculated. Gestation time was obtained using a questionnaire.ResultsChildren in the short gestation time category were generally characterized by the greatest values of the analyzed characteristics, particularly above the ages of 6–8 years. Femur breadth and muscle mass were similar up to the mentioned age in all of the gestation time categories. BMI and all of the adiposity characteristics, below the age of 6 years, were the greatest in the long gestation time category.ConclusionsResults of the present study are important, as excess body mass and adiposity are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities later in life. Special emphasis should be placed on the prevention of overweight and obesity among premature babies and the education of their parents.
The Aryne Phosphate Reaction**
Authors: Haas Thomas M. , Wiesler Stefan , Dürr‐Mayer Tobias , Ripp Alexander , Fouka Paraskevi , Qiu Danye , Jessen Henning J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCondensed phosphates are a critically important class of molecules in biochemistry. Non‐natural analogues are important for various applications, such as single‐molecule real‐time DNA sequencing. Often, such analogues contain more than three phosphate units in their oligophosphate chain. Consequently, investigations into phosphate reactivity enabling new ways of phosphate functionalization and oligophosphorylation are essential. Here, we scrutinize the potential of phosphates to act as arynophiles, paving the way for follow‐up oligophosphorylation reactions. The aryne phosphate reaction is a powerful tool to—depending on the perspective—(oligo)phosphorylate arenes or arylate (oligo‐cyclo)phosphates. Based on Kobayashi‐type o‐silylaryltriflates, the aryne phosphate reaction enables rapid entry into a broad spectrum of arylated products, like monophosphates, diphosphates, phosphodiesters and polyphosphates. The synthetic potential of these new transformations is demonstrated by efficient syntheses of nucleotide analogues and an unprecedented one‐flask octaphosphorylation.
Finding evidence of an ancient platform through magnetometry in Huexotla, Central Mexico
Authors: Argote‐Espino Denisse L. , Juárez‐Osnaya Alberto , García‐Serrano Alejandro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe archaeological zone of Huexotla, east of Mexico Basin, was part of the Acolhuacan lordship, associated to the Mexica domain in the Postclassical period. In this site, several structures have been partially explored, some of which are open to the public. Recent explorations led to the hypothesis that the structures of La Estancia, the Wall and the Community were part of a more complex space that formed the Sacred Precinct of the city. In order to test this postulate, magnetometry was conducted in three areas of the site. By processing Total Field and Vertical Gradient magnetic data, we were able to identify and understand the distribution of underground features like walls, floors and platforms, aiding in the determination of potential excavation areas. Processing the magnetic data with the application of the analytic signal operator allowed more information to be acquired for the recognition of structures of interest. The geophysical results were correlated with the outcomes of archaeological excavations in three structures, confirming the existence of architectural patterns that were not previously detected and supporting the thesis proposed for the ceremonial enclosure.
Effect of Impaired T Cell Receptor Signaling on the Gut Microbiota in a Mouse Model of Systemic Autoimmunity
Authors: Shirakashi Mirei , Maruya Mikako , Hirota Keiji , Tsuruyama Tatsuaki , Matsuo Takashi , Watanabe Ryu , Murata Koichi , Tanaka Masao , Ito Hiromu , Yoshifuji Hajime , Ohmura Koichiro , Elewaut Dirk , Sakaguchi Shimon , Fagarasan Sidonia , Mimori Tsuneyo , Hashimoto Motomu 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveT cell receptor (TCR) signaling abnormalities and gut dysbiosis are thought to be involved in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, it is not known whether these mechanisms are interrelated. This study was undertaken to explore the impact of defective TCR signaling on microbiota‐driven immune responses and the consequent triggering of systemic autoimmunity.MethodsThe responses of B6SKG mice harboring a mutation in ZAP‐70 leading to spontaneous development of SLE were evaluated under specific pathogen–free (SPF) and germ‐free (GF) conditions. The gut microbiome was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Secretory IgA production in the gut and follicular helper T (Tfh) cell development in the spleen and Peyer's patches were analyzed. Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17)–deficient mice and segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB)–specific TCR‐transgenic mice were used to examine the role of IL‐17 and thymic selection.ResultsSLE development in B6SKG mice was significantly more attenuated under GF conditions than under SPF conditions. The gut microbiota in B6SKG mice was altered, which was associated with the expansion of SFB and consequent development of SLE by driving Th17 cell differentiation, which was in turn blunted by IL‐17 deficiency. Notably, although systemic Tfh development and autoantibody IgG response were enhanced, local gut Tfh and IgA responses were impaired. Moreover, experiments in SFB‐specific TCR‐transgenic mice revealed that this differential response was caused by altered thymic selection of self‐ and microbiota‐reactive TCR because of defective TCR signaling.ConclusionOur findings indicate that defective TCR signaling alters the gut microbiota and promotes systemic autoimmunity by driving Th17 cell differentiation.
Improved representation of atmospheric dynamics in CMIP6 models removes climate sensitivity dependence on Hadley cell climatological extent
Authors: De Bithi , Tselioudis George , Polvani Lorenzo M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe persistent inter‐model spread in the response of global‐mean surface temperature to increased CO2 (known as the “Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity,” or “ECS”) is a crucial problem across model generations. This work examines the influence of the models' present‐day atmospheric circulation climatologies, and the accompanying climatological cloud radiative effects, in explaining that spread. We analyze the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models and find that they simulate a more poleward, and thus more realistic, edge of the Hadley cell (HC) in the Southern Hemisphere than the CMIP5 models, although the climatological shortwave cloud radiative effects are similar in the two generations of models. A few CMIP5 models with extreme equatorward biases in the HC edge exhibited high ECS due to strong Southern midlatitude shortwave cloud radiative warming in response to climate change, suggesting an ECS dependence on HC position. We find that such constraint no longer holds for the CMIP6 models, due to the absence of models with extreme HC climatologies. In spite of this, however, the CMIP6 models show an increased spread in ECS, with more models in the high ECS range. In addition, an improved representation of the climatological jet dynamics does not lead to a new emergent constraint in the CMIP6 models either.
Institutional and stakeholder effects on carbon mitigation strategies
Authors: Dhanda Kanwalroop K. , Sarkis Joseph , Dhavale Dileep G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe latest IPCC report foreshadows a far gloomier picture of climate change consequences than previously held by demonstrating how avoiding environmental damage requires transforming the world economy at a speed and scale that has “no documented historic precedent.” One of the options to address climate change is adoption of mitigation strategies to reduce carbon emissions on national, sectoral, and corporate levels. This research analyzes mitigation responses by organizations facing institutional and stakeholder pressures while dealing with the risk and opportunities presented by climate change. Our research indicates that different types of institutional pressures—coercive, normative, and mimetic—lead to different and, in certain situations, more active responses from companies. We find that coercive pressures are about equal or more effective than normative or mimetic pressures for adoption of mitigation strategies.
Tensions in the strategic integration of corporate sustainability through global standards: Evidence from Japan and South Korea
Authors: Fontana Enrico , Shin Hyemi , Oka Chikako , Gamble Jos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDespite the importance of the conflicting dimensions of corporate sustainability for business strategy, little is known about the tensions that derive from adopting global environmental and social standards in East Asia. Through 65 in‐depth interviews conducted in Tokyo and Seoul, this article examines the tensions—and reactions to these tensions—of corporate sustainability managers tasked with the implementation of such standards in Japanese and South Korean multinational corporations. These represent key contexts of inquiry because of their normative tradition of corporate sustainability and geographical closeness. While elucidating that corporate sustainability managers in both countries encounter societal‐commercial, traditional‐modern, and individual‐collective tensions, the article describes the ways they react differently to these tensions. This article contributes to the literature on corporate sustainability and tensions and the contextual literature on corporate sustainability in Japan and South Korea, ultimately offering takeaways for the strategic planning of multinational corporations.
The association between vincristine‐induced peripheral neuropathy and health‐related quality of life in children with cancer
Authors: van de Velde Mirjam E. , van den Berg Marleen. H. , Kaspers Gertjan J. L. , Abbink Floor C. H. , Twisk Jos W. R. , van der Sluis Inge M. , van den Bos Cor , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Segers Heidi , Chantrain Christophe , van der Werff Ten Bosch Jutte , Willems Leen , van Litsenburg Raphaële R. L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeVincristine (VCR) is a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of pediatric oncology patients, but its main toxicity is VCR‐induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN). However, whether VIPN has an effect on health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL) in children during treatment is unknown. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the association between VIPN and HR‐QoL in children starting treatment for cancer.MethodsMeasurements of VIPN were performed using two tools: Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) and pediatric‐modified Total Neuropathy Score (ped‐mTNS). Assessment of HR‐QoL was done with self‐ and proxy assessment of the Cancer and Generic module of the Pediatric Cancer Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL).ResultsIn total, N = 86 children were included. HR‐QoL of children with VIPN (n = 67%, 76%) was significantly lower in comparison with children without VIPN: estimated Total score of PedsQL Generic (proxy) 84.57; β = −8.96 and 95% confidence interval (CI) −14.48 to −3.43; p = 0.002, estimated PedsQL Generic Total score (self‐reported): 85.16, β = −8.38 (95% CI: −13.76 to −3.00); p = 0.003. Similar results were found in the Pain and Hurt domain of the PedsQL Cancer (pain: estimated score [proxy]: 85.28, β = −9.94 [95%CI: −16.44 to −3.45], p = 0.003; hurt: estimated score [self‐report] 97.57, β = −19.15 [95%CI: −26.82 to −11.48], p < 0.001).ConclusionVIPN results in a significant reduction of HR‐QoL in children under treatment for a malignancy, which means that VIPN is important for the well‐being of pediatric oncology patients. Therefore, this study underlines the importance of optimizing treatment with VCR, thereby aiming to reduce VIPN while maintaining efficacy.
The role of procalcitonin in identifying high‐risk cancer patients with febrile neutropenia: A useful alternative to the multinational association for supportive care in cancer score
Authors: Chaftari Patrick , Chaftari Anne‐Marie , Hachem Ray , Yeung Sai‐Ching J. , Dagher Hiba , Jiang Ying , Malek Alexandre E. , Dailey Garnes Natalie , Mulanovich Victor E. , Raad Issam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) risk index has been utilized to determine the risk for poor clinical outcomes in patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) in an emergency center (EC). However, this index comprises subjective elements and elaborated metrics limiting its use in ECs. We sought to determine whether procalcitonin (PCT) level (biomarker of bacterial infection) with or without lactate level (marker of inadequate tissue perfusion) offers a potential alternative to MASSC score in predicting the outcomes of patients with FN presenting to an EC.MethodsWe retrospectively identified 550 cancer patients with FN who presented to our EC between April 2018, and April 2019, and had serum PCT and lactate levels measured.ResultsCompared with patients with PCT levels <0.25 ng/ml, those with levels ≥0.25 ng/ml had a significantly higher 14‐day mortality rate (5.2% vs. 0.7%; p = 0.002), a higher bloodstream infection (BSI) rate, and a longer hospital length of stay (LOS). Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with PCT levels ≥0.25 ng/ml and lactate levels >2.2 mmol/L were more likely to be admitted and have an LOS >7 days, BSI, and 14‐day mortality than patients with lower levels. PCT level was a significantly better predictor of BSI than MASSC score (p = 0.003) or lactate level (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsProcalcitonin level is superior to MASCC index in predicting BSI. The combination of PCT and lactate levels is a good predictor of BSI, hospital admission, and 14‐day mortality and could be useful in identifying high‐risk FN patients who require hospital admission.
In Vitro Anti‐Toxoplasma gondii Activity Evaluation of a New Series of Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one Derivatives
Authors: Deng Yu , Mu Hao , Li Hong‐Bo , Fu Li‐Zhi , Tang Da , Wu Tao , Huang Shu‐Heng , Li Cheng‐Hong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractToxoplasmosis post serious threaten to human health, leading to severely eye and brain disease, especially for immunocompromised patients and pregnant women. The multiple side effects and long dosing period of current main treatment regiments calls for high effective and low toxicity anti‐toxoplasmosis drugs. Herein, we report our efforts to synthesize a series of 2‐(piperazin‐1‐yl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives and investigate their activity against Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in vitro based on cell phenotype screening. Among the 26 compounds, 8w and 8x with diaryl ether moiety at the side chain of piperazine exhibited good efficacy to inhibit T. gondii, with IC50 values of 4 μM and 3 μM, respectively. Structure‐activity relationship (SAR) studies implies that hydrophobic aryl at the side chain would be preferred for improvement of activity. Molecular docking study reveals these two compounds appeared high affinity to TgCDPK1 by interaction with the hydrophobic pocket of ATP‐binding cleft.
Cavity‐Controlled Coordination of Square Planar Metal Complexes and Substrate Selectivity by NHC‐Capped Cyclodextrins (ICyDs)
Authors: Meijide Suárez Jorge , Bistri‐Aslanoff Olivia , Roland Sylvain , Sollogoub Matthieu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEncapsulation of a metal center inside the cavity of a cyclodextrin (CD) allows the control of the possible coordination modes for the metal depending on the nature and size of the cavity. We show here that the formation of encapsulated square planar AuIII and PdII complexes with CD‐N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, is only possible in the largest β‐ and γ‐CD cavities. In the case of α‐CD‐derived ligands and PdII, an unexpected reversal of the NHC ligand was observed. These extraverted or introverted conformations of metal complexes were carefully studied by NMR and their different behaviors depending on the cavity could be revealed. The size of the CD cavity was also found to have a significant effect on the ability of AuI to be oxidized into AuIII. Furthermore, in the PdII‐catalyzed nucleophilic allylation of aldehydes, the β‐CD‐derived ligand was able to discriminate different substrates from a mixture according to their size, leading to a significantly favored reaction with the smallest substrate.
Electrocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline by Cu‐PANI‐SBA‐15 on Nickel Foam via Peroxymonosulfate‐Based Advanced Oxidation Process
Authors: Ramírez‐Hernández Maricely , Thomas Belvin , Tang Chaoyun , Huang Zhujian , Asefa Tewodros 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTetracyclines are the second‐largest class of antibiotics produced and used in the world. The large‐scale use of these broad‐spectrum antibiotics and their limited metabolization by humans and animals have resulted in high levels of tetracycline discharge to the environment. In this report, we demonstrate the electrochemical peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation using Cu(II)‐polyaniline hosted in mesoporous silica (CPS) that is deposited on nickel foam (CPS‐NF) for the degradation of tetracycline in solutions. We also propose the mechanism of the electrocatalytic processes towards the activation of PMS through various electrochemical characterization and degradation experiments. By combining PMS and a CPS‐NF cathode, nearly 90 % of tetracycline is degraded within about 5 min. The results reveal that the addition of PMS promotes the degradation of tetracycline, and the CPS‐NF cathode plays a pivotal role in activating PMS. The Cu+ and Cu2+ species induced from CPS‐NF favor the continuous activation of PMS and the production of reactive oxygen species at the surface of the CPS‐NF cathode to degrade tetracycline. This is the first time where an electrocatalyst typically used for energy applications is successfully applied to activate PMS for the degradation of an emerging pollutant in wastewater for environmental remediation.
Glycerol Tris(2‐cyanoethyl) Ether as an Electrolyte Additive to Enhance the Cycling Stability of Lithium Cobalt Oxide Cathode at 4.5 V
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Huang Zeyu , Liu Fangyan , Song Ying , Mao Qiuyun , Fan Xinming , Bai Maohui , Hong Bo , Lai Yanqing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHigh‐voltage lithium cobalt oxide batteries are considered the ideal power source for portable devices, owing to their high‐energy density and accessible specific capacity. However, it is still challenging to achieve long‐term cycling stability when charging to the high cut‐off voltages (≥4.5 V vs. Li/Li+), owing to the unavoidable parasitic reactions at the cathode/electrolyte interface. Herein, we report an organic nitrile‐based molecule, glycerol tris(2‐cyanoethyl) ether (GTCE), as a novel electrolyte additive to improve the cycling stability of LiCoO2 (LCO) batteries at 2.75–4.5 V. Impressively, the LCO||Li metal half‐cell using the GTCE‐containing electrolyte (2 wt % GTCE in the base electrolyte, 1.0 M LiPF6 in EC/DEC/EMC=1/1/1, v/v) exhibits an outstanding capacity retention of 79.3 % over 150 cycles, superior to the battery with base electrolyte (only 27.4 %) under the same test conditions. It represents a feasible and valuable method to stabilize the cathode/electrolyte interface of high‐voltage lithium‐ion batteries.
Electrocatalysis Beyond 2020: How to Tune the Preexponential Frequency Factor
Authors: Narangoda Praveen , Spanos Ioannis , Masa Justus , Schlögl Robert , Zeradjanin Aleksandar R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAfter a century of research on electrocatalytic reactions, a universal theory of electrocatalysis is still not established due to limited understanding of complex energy conversion processes at electrified electrode‐electrolyte interfaces. Most of the research efforts directed toward the acceleration of important electrocatalytic reactions (e. g. hydrogen evolution reaction) were in the direction of minimizing activation energy by tuning the adsorption energies of key intermediates. This kind of approach is well‐established and, importantly, in some cases it was valuable by predicting the design of electrocatalysts with advanced properties. However, in some very important research endeavors, advancement in performance of newly designed electrocatalysts could not be attributed to altered/minimized activation energy. Important to note is that modern electrocatalysis almost completely disregards influence of the preexponential factor on reaction rate. In this work, we open some important questions relevant for future of electrocatalysis and electrochemical energy conversion, with special focus on preexponential factor as major contributor to electrocatalytic reaction rate.
Next‐generation sequencing in the evaluation of biliary strictures in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Scheid Johannes F. , Rosenbaum Matthew W. , Przybyszewski Eric M. , Krishnan Kumar , Forcione David G. , Iafrate Anthony J. , Staller Kyle D. , Misdraji Joseph , Lennerz Jochen K. , Pitman Martha Bishop , Pratt Daniel S. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a well‐described risk factor for the development of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Early detection of CCA in these patients is of great importance because it expands options for therapeutic interventions, including liver transplantation. Current diagnostic tests for the evaluation of biliary strictures are limited to biliary brushing (BB) cytology and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has become an important diagnostic tool in oncology and may be a useful tool for diagnosing CCA on BBs. It is not clear how NGS performs when it is added to BB cytology and FISH in patients with PSC.MethodsThis study reports the authors' experience with NGS performed as a prospective cotest with cytology and FISH on BBs obtained from 60 patients with PSC followed at Massachusetts General Hospital. A duct with malignancy was defined as a high‐risk (HR) stricture with either high‐grade dysplasia or CCA.ResultsNGS was better than FISH and cytology in detecting HR strictures, which showed multiple genetic mutations in all cases. NGS provided specific mutational information, and NGS results were reproducible in longitudinal samples.ConclusionsAdding NGS to BB cytology and FISH in the evaluation of biliary strictures for patients with PSC may provide additional information that could help to inform clinical management.