bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should RECOVERY have used Response Adaptive Randomization? Evidence from a simulation study
Authors: Sirkis Tamir , Bowden Jack , Jones Benjamin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

The Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy (RECOVERY) trial is aimed at addressing the urgent need to find effective treatments for patients hospitalised with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. The trial has had many successes, including discovering that dexamethasone is effective at reducing COVID-19 mortality, the first treatment to reach this milestone in a randomised controlled trial. Despite this, it continues to use standard or `fixed’ randomization (FR) to allocate patients to treatments. We assessed the impact of implementing response adaptive randomization (RAR) within RECOVERY using an array of performance measures, to learn if it could be beneficial going forward. This design feature has recently been implemented within the REMAP-CAP trial.
Methods

Trial data was simulated to closely match the data for patients allocated to either standard care or dexamethasone in the RECOVERY trial from March-June 2020, representing two out of five arms tested throughout this period. Two forms of FR and two forms of RAR were tested. Randomization strategies were performed at the whole trial level as well as within three pre-specified patient subgroups defined by patients’ respiratory support level.
Results

RAR strategies led to more patients being given dexamethasone and a lower mortality rate in the trial. Subgroup specific RAR reduced mortality rates even further. RAR did not induce any meaningful bias in treatment effect estimates, but reduced statistical power compared to FR, with subgroup level adaptive randomizations exhibiting the largest power reduction.
Conclusions

Using RAR within RECOVERY could have resulted in fewer deaths in the trial. However, a larger trial would have been needed to attain the same study power. This could potentially have prolonged the time to full approval of the drug, unless RAR itself led to an increased recruitment rate. Deciding how to balance the needs of patients within a trial and future patients who have yet to fall ill is an important ethical question of our time. RAR deserves to be considered as a design feature in future trials of COVID-19 and other diseases.
Challenges and Opportunities of Sustainable Urbanization case study of Delhi and Rajkot
Authors: Shinde Aniket Gajanan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the urban challenges, urban policies, sustainable urbanism, and opportunities of sustainable urbanism. Sustainable urbanism is a new term that prevails in urban planning and planning. This paper tries to put forth the need for sustainable urban development in Indian cities such as Delhi and Rajkot. Urbanization in India has led to an unsustainable situation. It offers the proven benefits of economic growth and development, but it also offers brings with it social and ecological challenges. Various challenges related to sustainability, spatial planning, Governance, shortcomings, and execution were discussed in this paper. Specific research questions are: what is sustainable urbanism, what are the challenges to cities such as Delhi and Rajkot, and what are the opportunities of sustainable urbanism in Delhi and Rajkot? People face many challenges that threaten the well-being of the environment, society, and quality of life. All of these challenges are complex and closely related, so one approach can have positive consequences for others. In the case of Delhi, the population growth is an extremely sensitive issue from a social and ethical point of view, has generally become a threat to the entire planet and especially to the metropolitan area, while in the case of Rajkot, increasing industrial, commercial and commercial activities has become threatening to the environment. In this study, I have also explored solutions and other issues that are important elements to discuss.
Comparison of Analog Performance of AlN/β-Ga2O3 HEMT by Variation in Dielectric Materials
Authors: Chauhan meenakshi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the present paper, a high electron mobility transistor based on β-Gα2O3 material (BGO-HEMT) with different dielectrics (Si3N4, Al2O3, and HfO2) at the interface of aluminum nitride (AlN) and the gate is demonstrated. The device has a 10nm AlN layer with 50 nm barrier width, 50nm gate-length, and a value of 5 nm as gate-to-barrier thickness.A highly doped n+ material with a wider gap in between ohmic contact-barrier layers reveals the proposed device's novel traits. The performance is computd in terms of transfer characteristic, transconductance, gate capacitance, 2nd, and 3rd order transconductance values. The proposed structure reduced the dynamic & access resistance and provided a high gm value equal to 0.15S/µm,drain current density value of 650 A/mm (maximum) at Vds= 5 V. In the future, the proposed device can be utilized in high power radio frequency and microwave applications.
Portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis: Risk factors and clinical presentation
Authors: Bizid Sondes , Jlassi Houssaina , Abbes Maroua Ben , Mohamed Ghanem , Ghedira Hela , Abdallah Hatem Ben , Bouali Riadh , Abdelli Nabil 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a common complication of liver cirrhosis. PVT impact on disease progression is not clarified as yet. Anticoagulation therapy is considered effective in this setting, but is associated with potentially bleeding episodes. Aim : to assess the risk factors and clinical impact of non-neoplastic PVT complicating cirrhosis, as well as the treatment profile and its efficacy in clinical practice.Methods:A retrospective monocentric study over a period of 19 years including all patients diagnosed with cirrhosis and non-neoplastic PVT was conducted.Results:A total of 49 patients were enrolled in the present study.The mean age was 60.86±11.61 years old. Chronic viral hepatitis was the most frequent cause of cirrhosis (63.2%). Most of our cases had advanced liver disease (89.9% Child class B/C) with a mean MELD score of 19.27. The risk factors for thrombophilia, inherited or acquired, were: a deficiency in coagulation inhibitors, either isolated or combined (protein S, protein C and antithrombin III) in 19 patients, a heterozygous Factor V Leiden mutation in 2 patients, a heterozygous MTHFR mutation in one patient, an antiphospholipid antibodies syndrome in 2 patients, an essential thrombocythemia in one patient. Anticoagulant therapy was indicated in half of the cases. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that thrombus extension was the only independent predictive factor of portal vein recanalization (p=0.009). During follow-up, progression was observed in 8% of treated patients with anticoagulants versus 12.5% of untreated patients (p=0.12). Our study has shown that anticoagulant treatment is not associated with elevated risk of bleeding or developing other complications. The mean survival was higher in patients treated successfully (38.31 months Vs 23.41 months, p=0.204). Conclusions:Our outcomes confirm that anticoagulation therapy in cirrhotic patients with non-neoplastic PVT is not associated with increased risk of liver disease decompensation, including bleeding.
Influence of Electrode Arrangement Method on Specific Energy Consumption and Productivity in Electrosynthesis of Fine Graphite Powder
Authors: Kupriashov Andrei V. , Shestakov Ivan Y. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this work, the influence of the location of the electrodes on the productivity of electrochemical process and specific energy consumption during direct current electrosynthesis of fine dispersed graphite powder is considered. The authors consider the possibility of using fine dispersed graphite powder obtained by electrolysis as the main component of a multifunctional aerospace coating. For this purpose, two types of devices was constructed: with a coaxial and parallel arrangement of the electrodes. The main elements of the device are a stainless steel cathode and a graphite anode immersed in electrolyte (an aqueous solution of salts). The authors consider the influence of the arrangement of the electrodes in the installation for direct current electrosynthesis from the point of view of the energy efficiency and productivity of electrochemical process. As a result of anodic oxidation, a fine powder from graphite of the MPG-6 brand was obtained. The size of the resulting graphite particles is 4–50 microns. This fine dispersed graphite powder can be used as the main component of a multifunctional coating in aircraft, since it has an even homogeneous structure, as well as higher values of the main mechanical properties of a multifunctional coating, which will lead to a decrease in the number of layers and the thickness of the coating applied. The resulting graphite powder can also be used in the production of fire-retardant and heat-insulating materials for the chemical, nuclear industry, instrumentation and heat power engineering.
Adversity of industrial water pollution on agriculture and livelihood: Experiences of rural population of Dindigul
Authors: Kannan Srinivasan , MBA Rengasamy Karuppaiah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Tannery pollution affected water and livelihood of people in Dindigul. Polluted water and soil reduced agricultural production; contaminate drinking water, and livelihood. The present study aims to study the adverse effects of industrial pollution on agriculture and livelihood in Dindigul. Twenty randomly villages drawn with equal number from the vicinity of tanneries and far. A survey was conducted using structured interview schedule among 400 men and women of 18 years and above from 20 villages. Details on Socio-Economic characteristics, water, agriculture and livelihood collected online using Kobo toolbox in Tamil language. In affected and non-affected villages 71 and 102 hold agricultural land only 53 and 87 have cultivated respectively. One third in affected villages and two thirds in non-affected villages cultivated throughout the year. Tanneries affected the livestock population, reduced agricultural production, polluted irrigation, polluted soil and made it infertile, deteriorated the quality of agricultural produce. Compared to economic benefits from tanneries the damage are exorbitant. Politicians and policy makers ignored pollution and turned blind eye to the problems caused to the rural population and livelihood.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 6-Substituted Mangiferin Derivatives as Antioxidant and Anti-cancer Agents
Authors: Patil Mohan H. , Kabra Uma D. , Gupta Krishna R. , Umekar Milind J. 
Published: August 2021

:Esterified and alkyl amine derivatives of mangiferin were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activities. The chemical structures of the derivatives were confirmed using elemental analysis and spectral data. The antioxidant activity was assessed using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPHH) assay, and some derivatives displayed antioxidant activity better than mangiferin and standard drug ascorbic acid. Among the synthesized derivatives, few exhibited more enhanced anticancer activity against human breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cell lines than the parent mangiferin.
Technology Acceptance Among Patients With Hemophilia in Hong Kong and Their Expectations of a Mobile Health App to Promote Self-management: Survey Study
Authors: Cheung Yin Ting , Lam Pok Hong , Lam Teddy Tai-Ning , Lam Henry Hon Wai , Li Chi Kong 
Published: August 2021

Background
The lifelong management of hemophilia is demanding and complex. In July 2019, we published a review in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, summarizing telehealth interventions that facilitate monitoring of bleeding events and promoting the appropriate use of clotting factors among patients with hemophilia. This work has led to the development of a community program that aims to harness technology to promote self-management among patients with hemophilia in Hong Kong.

Objective
Before the inception of this program, we conducted a cross-sectional survey to evaluate the patients’ level of technology acceptance and identify their expectations of the use of mobile technology for self-management of hemophilia.

Methods
In total, 56 participants (75% adult patients and 25% parents of pediatric patients; 87.5% with moderate to severe disease) were recruited from a local nongovernmental organization that serves patients with hemophilia. They rated their perceived confidence and acceptance in using the new mobile technology (score 1 to 5 for each item, with a higher score indicating better acceptance) using a structured questionnaire (adapted from the Technology Acceptance Model). They also identified the top features that they perceived to be the most important components of a mobile app for the self-management of hemophilia. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare technology acceptance scores across subgroups of different clinical and socioeconomic characteristics.

Results
In general, the participants considered themselves skilled in using mobile apps (mean 4.3, 95% CI 4.1-4.5). They were willing to learn to use the new mobile app to organize their bleeding records (mean 4.0, 95% CI 3.7-4.3) and to manage their health (mean 4.2, 95% CI 4.1-4.5). Participants who lived in public housing (a surrogate marker for lower socioeconomic status in Hong Kong) reported lower technology acceptance than those who lived in private housing (P=.04). The most important features identified by the participants concerned documenting of infusion logs (n=49, 87.5%), bleeding events (n=48, 85.7%), and the secure delivery of the bleeding information to health care professionals (n=40, 71.4%).

Conclusions
It is encouraging to infer that patients with hemophilia in Hong Kong are receptive to the use of mobile health technology. The findings of this survey are applicable in designing the key features of a patient-centered, multimodal program harnessing mobile technology to promote self-management among patients with hemophilia. Future studies should evaluate participants’ acceptability and perceived usability of the mobile app via user metrics and assess clinical and humanistic outcomes of this program.
When an old pigmented lesion becomes serious: the problematic diagnosis of low-grade skin malignancies – Bednar tumor with fibrosarcomatous transformation
Authors: Dumitru Adrian , Ciongariu Ana , Aliuş Cătălin , Dumitrescu Dan , Iordache Sergiu Andrei , Şerban Bogdan , Ionescu Doris , Costache Mariana , Sajin Maria , Tapoi Dana 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Bednar tumor is a rare cutaneous neoplasm, regarded as a variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with melanotic colonization and it usually affects young and middle-aged adults or children. This lesion is considered a low-grade malignant tumor, which can be associated with multiple local recurrences after surgical excision. Although a rare phenomenon, these lesions may undergo fibrosarcomatous transformation, which implies a poorer prognosis of the disease, as the tumor has a more locally aggressive behavior and patients might also develop distant metastases.
We present the case of a 53-year-old female patient, with no significant medical history, who presented with a subcutaneous nodule on her upper back, for which a wide surgical excision was performed. The gross examination of the specimen showed a solitary protuberant grey-white nodule with a bluish shade and flecked with pigment. The microscopic examination revealed a malignant proliferation with a predominantly fascicular growth pattern, composed of spindle cells with highly pleomorphic nuclei and high mitotic rate, as well as the presence of dendritic cells with abundant melanin. Upon immunohistochemical analysis, the proliferation showed negative staining for CD 34 and AE 1/3, whereas the scattered dendritic cells stained positive with S100 protein. Ki 67 was positive in 15% of the tumor cells and the absence of p53 expression was noted. Thus, the diagnosis of Bednar tumor with fibrosarcomatous transformation was established.
The aim of this paper was to gain further knowledge about the histopathological and immunohistochemical features, as well as about the treatment of Bednar tumor, especially considering its rarity.
The Sōka Gakkai 1968 Youth Movement: The Creation of Conviviality and Friendship in Sino-Japanese Relations
Authors: Fisker-Nielsen Anne Mette 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article discusses an episode in the history of Sōka Gakkai that began as alternative youth movement under Ikeda Daisaku who came to advocate “people’s diplomacy” (minkan gaikō) as a way to foster goodwill between China and Japan. Why would Sōka Gakkai, a legally constituted “religious corporation” (shūkyō hōjin) be so serious about engaging with a Communist regime that did not recognise religion? The article discusses what “religion” or “religious behaviour” means in Sōka Gakkai, and questions the usefulness of such a classification on a qualitative level. Ikeda’s interpretation of Nichiren Buddhism highlights his approach to something seemingly very “unreligious”—namely, the normalisation of Sino-Japanese relations. Unlike the more traditional “reactive revolution” of protest movements that constructed politics as primarily a binary, ideological choice to achieve its aims, Ikeda prioritised finding ways to transcend that very ideology-centric, counter-politics approach. By appealing to conviviality, a sense of shared humanity and humility on the part of the Japanese towards their past history of colonialism, a new social imaginary and attitude that differed from politics of opposition between left and right entered as a historical force that continues to be promoted by Sōka Gakkai today.
AVALIAÇÃO DO TEMA GERADOR SOLOS COMO PROPOSTA INTERDISCIPLINAR NO ENSINO DE QUÍMICA
Authors: Sivico Mayki Jardim , Mendes Ana Nery Furlan 
Published: August 2021

A interdisciplinaridade na Educação Básica reflete uma necessidade de tornar o conhecimento mais integrativo no ambiente escolar, sendo imprescindível diálogo cada vez mais amplo entre as disciplinas nesse processo. A presente pesquisa se fundamenta nas frentes teóricas de Vygotsky e de Freire, a partir de uma relação dialética, com o objetivo de analisar as percepções e potencialidades do desenvolvimento de uma prática metodológica interdisciplinar, por meio da realização do grupo focal, envolvendo as disciplinas de Geografia e Química, a partir do tema gerador “solos”, com a turma da 1ª série do Ensino Médio de uma escola da rede pública estadual, no município de Nova Venécia (ES). Em relação à abordagem, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo participante, e os dados coletados durante as discussões do grupo focal passaram por processo de categorização para fins de análise do conteúdo. A análise das categorias identificou a necessidade de levar para o aluno metodologias que protagonizem as aprendizagens deles, contribuindo para a formação de sujeitos críticos e reflexivos. Por fim, verificou-se que ao utilizar o tema gerador mencionado, numa perspectiva interdisciplinar, foi possível identificar outras vias oportunas ao aprendizado de Química.
ANALISIS PENILAIAN FAKTOR KERUSAKAN JALAN DENGAN PERBANDINGAN METODE BINA MARGA, METODE PCI (PAVEMENT CONDITION INDEX), DAN METODE SDI (SURFACE DISTRESS INDEX) (Studi Kasus Ruas Jalan Patuk-Dlingo, Kec. Dlingo, Kab. Bantul)
Authors: Gusnilawati Anisa 
Published: August 2021

<p>Ruas Jalan Patuk Dlingo merupakan akses jalan wisata alam hutan pinus yang sangat populer di Kecamatan Dlingo sehingga keadaan infrastruktur jalan harus menunjang dalam sektor pariwisata daerah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kondisi permukaan perkerasan jalan dan membandingkan nilai kondisi perkerasan jalan berdasarkan tiga metode, yaitu Bina Marga, <em>Pavement Condition Index (PCI),</em> <em>Surface Distress Index (SDI), </em>yang digunakan sebagai dasar untuk mengetahui jenis penanganan pemeliharaan jalan dan untuk menghitung tebal perkerasan menggunakan metode Bina Marga 2013. Penilaian kondisi visual diperoleh dengan melakukan survey lapangan secara langsung. Hasil penelitian nilai kondisi kerusakan Jalan Patuk Dlingo pada ketiga metode yaitu metode Bina Marga nilai UP 7,92 tergolong program pemeliharaan rutin, nilai rata-rata 39,7% yang kategori jelek <em>(poor)</em>, metode SDI rata-rata nilai 11,8 tergolong dalam penanganan pemeliharaan secara rutin. Dengan adanya penelitian penilaian kondisi jalan yang menggunakan metode Bina Marga, PCI, dan SDI dapat memberikan gambaran tingkat kerusakan Jalan Patuk Dlingo, yang dapat digunakan sebagai data base untuk perencanaan dan pelaksanaan rehabilitasi dan pemeliharaan jalan.</p>
TINJAUAN KUAT LENTUR PELAT BETON DENGAN PENAMBAHAN KAWAT DI ANTARA TULANGAN PELAT
Authors: Maulana Rizki , Arnandha Yudhi , Rakhmawati Anis 
Published: August 2021

<p>Seiring berkembangnya zaman, inovasi pada bidang konstruksi bangunan turut mengalami kemajuan tak terkecuali pada struktur beton bertulang, pada penelitian ini dilakukan modifikasi pada struktur tulangan pelat beton. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kekuatan lentur yang diakibatkan oleh penambahan kawat pada tulangan dan perbedaan perhitungan secara teoritis dengan pengujian di Laboratorium.</p><p>Penelitian dimulai dengan pemeriksaan berat satuan dan pengujian gradasi, kemudian dilakukan perencanaan campuran dengan menggunakan <em>mix design</em>, melakukan pengujian kuat tarik kawat, kuat tarik besi dan kuat tekan beton untuk memperoleh data sekunder dan melakukan pengujian kuat lentur pelat beton yang mengacu pada SNI 4154-2014 di Laboratorium Teknik Sipil Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.</p><p>Hasil pengujian pelat beton biasa menghasilkan momen lentur sebesar 4,358 kNm, pelat dengan 3 lilitan kawat sebesar 4,712 kNm pelat dengan 5 lilitan kawat 4,885 kNm, dan pelat dengan 7 lilitan kawat sebesar 5,033 kNm. Perbedaan perhitungan momen teoritis dengan perhitungan momen pengujian pada pelat beton biasa sebesar 26 % atau 1,569 kNm, pelat 3 lilitan kawat sebesar 22 % atau 1,376 kNm, pelat dengan 5 lilitan kawat sebesar 2 1% atau 1,300 kNm, pelat dengan 7 lilitan kawat sebesar 21 % atau 1,387 kNm.</p>
Extruded Products
Authors: Sauer Günther 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The hot-working process extrusion is used to produce semifinished products in the form of bar, strip, and solid sections, as well as tubes and hollow sections. The first part of this chapter describes the composition, properties, and applications of tin and lead extruded products with a deformation temperature range of 0 to 300 deg C and magnesium and aluminum extruded products with a working temperature range of 300 to 600 deg C. The second part focuses on copper alloy extruded products, extruded titanium alloy products, and extruded products in iron alloys with a working temperature range of 600 to 1300 deg C.
Rod and Tube Extrusion Processes
Authors: Siegert Klaus 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter opens with a discussion of the classification of rod and tube extrusion processes. The standard processes involve hot working (extrusion at temperatures above room temperature), but some specialized cold working processes are also used for rod and tube extrusion. The next section reviews principles, variations, thermal conditions, axial load calculation, material flow, and applications of direct extrusion and indirect extrusion, with examples provided for extrusion of aluminum and copper alloys. Next, the chapter focuses on the process principles, advantages, and applications of conventional hydrostatic extrusion and thick film processes. This is followed by sections providing information on the special extrusion processes, namely conform process and cable sheathing. The chapter ends with a discussion on direct and indirect tube extrusion.