bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ligation of patent ductus arteriosus through anterior thoracotomy in preterm infants: a 10-year experience
Authors: Selcuk Arif , Cicek Murat , Yurdakok Okan , Kilic Yigit , İzgi Coskun Filiz , Erdem Hasan , Saritas Turkay , Hekim Yilmaz Emine , Korun Oktay , Altin H. Firat , Sasmazel Ahmet , Aydemir Numan A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study is to report on the short-term and mid-term outcomes of preterm infants who underwent patent ductus arteriosus ligation through anterior mini-thoracotomy.Methods:Data for 103 preterm infants who underwent patent ductus arteriosus clipping through an anterior mini-thoracotomy at the 2nd intercostal space between 2009 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups according to their weight at the time of surgery. The complications, morbidity, and mortality rates of each group were compared at postoperative day 30 and at the end of 1 year after surgery.Results:During the operation, the median weight of the patients was 900 g (IQR 800–1125 g), the median age was 21 days (IQR 14.5–29 days). The lowest body weight was 460 g. In three patients (3%), there was intraoperative bleeding from the patent ductus arteriosus that required transition to median sternotomy. In one patient (1%) a residual patent ductus arteriosus that required reoperation was observed. Twelve patients (12%) died in the first 30 days postoperatively. Six patients (6%) died between the postoperative day 30 and 1 year. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of mortality, morbidity, and complication between the groups.Conclusions:Based on our observations of over a hundred preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus over a decade, ligation through anterior mini-thoracotomy is the main surgical procedure of choice for this patient group in our clinic. Our findings demonstrate the safety of this approach and we believe that it can be successfully replicated in other institutions.
Heart failure in an elderly man: where is that coronary?
Authors: Sang Charlie J. , Clarkson Stephen A. , Jackson Elizabeth A. , Al Solaiman Firas , Cribbs Marc G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAnomalous coronary arteries from the pulmonary artery are uncommon causes of heart failure in the adult population. This case demonstrates the unusual presentation in a patient with anomalous right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery and discusses the complex pathophysiology of this lesion and the role of guideline-directed medical therapy in the management of these patients.
Circumaortic double left innominate vein: a rare echocardiographic diagnosis confirmed during congenital heart surgery
Authors: Dalby Stephen T. , Daily Joshua A. , Greiten Lawrence E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report a case of a newborn infant with coarctation of the aorta and hypoplastic transverse aortic arch who was found to have a circumaortic double left innominate vein on echocardiography. This exceedingly rare finding was important for surgical planning and was confirmed during congenital heart surgery.
Perception of adults toward electronic cigarettes: a cross-sectional study from Jordan
Authors: Barakat Muna , Assaf Areej M. , Al-Qudah Raja’a , Thiab Samar , Alhamed Manar , Al-Obaidi Hala J. , Jirjees Feras J. , Basheti Iman 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
The rate of Jordanian tobacco smokers has been reported to be one of the highest rates in the world. The electronic cigarette (E-cig) has become an option, or an alternative, to tobacco cigarette smoking. This study was aimed to measure the perception of Jordanian adults toward E-cig use.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study design was used. A self-administered survey was developed and validated to solicit anonymous responses from the study participants. A convenience sample (n = 984) was recruited electronically through social media platforms. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were completed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).

Results:
More than half of the participants (53%) were females, and almost all participants had heard about E-cig (99.2%), mainly from their friends (40%) and social media (34.5%). About half of the participants were nonsmokers and around one-third of them (33.1%) were current E-cig users. The majority of the participating E-cig users had replaced tobacco with E-cig (56.4%)/All the E-cig users reported positive beliefs toward the E-cig as a safer alternative for tobacco smoking. About 45% of participants believed that the E-cig is helpful in tobacco smoking cessation, but should be highly regulated.

Conclusion:
This study illustrated a significant prevalence of E-cig usage among Jordanian adults. E-cig users perceived E-cig as a safer and cheaper alternative to tobacco smoking and that it helps in tobacco smoking cessation. However, health awareness campaigns are needed for the entire Jordanian community about E-cig use, related emerging health findings, and how to promote tobacco smoking cessation.
Environmental Public Interest Litigation in China: A Critical Examination
Authors: Xie Lei , Xu Lu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEnvironmental public interest litigation (EPIL) by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) emerged in China over the last decade amidst the growing focus on environmental issues and the increasing political need to bring greater public participation to the area. This article examines the current practice of EPIL by NGOs in order to understand the potential flaws and deficiencies of NGO participation in this relatively new field of environmental litigation. The article sets out by exploring EPIL as a legal pathway for the public to become involved in China's environmental governance. It then analyzes the legal provision of environmental litigation in China before critically examining several instances of EPIL initiated by NGOs between 2015 and 2019. The article finds that NGOs show weaknesses in their current EPIL practice, including in case selection and litigation risk assessment, but are willing to test and potentially expand the scope of EPIL into new areas of environmental protection such as noise pollution and renewable energy. It concludes that these weaknesses and strengths of NGO involvement in EPIL reflect the constantly evolving landscape of environmental governance and environmental litigation in China.
Impacts of Saharan Mineral Dust on Air‐Sea Interaction over North Atlantic Ocean Using a Fully Coupled Regional Model
Authors: Chen Shu‐Hua , Huang Chu‐Chun , Kuo Yi‐Chun , Tseng Yu‐Heng , Gu Yu , Earl Kenneth , Chen Chih‐Ying , Choi Yonghan , Liou Kuo‐Nan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study examines the modifications of air‐sea coupling processes by dust‐radiation‐cloud interactions over the North Atlantic Ocean using a high‐resolution coupled atmosphere‐wave‐ocean‐dust (AWOD) regional model. The dust‐induced mechanisms that are responsible for changes of sea surface temperature (SST) and latent and sensible heat fluxes (LHF/SHF) are also examined. Two 3‐month numerical experiments are conducted, and they differ only in the activation and deactivation of dust‐radiation‐cloud interactions. Model results show that the dust significantly reduces surface downward radiation fluxes (SDRF) over the ocean with the maximum change of 20–30 W m−2. Over the dust plume region, the dust effect creates a low‐pressure anomaly and a cyclonic circulation anomaly, which drives a positive wind stress curl anomaly, thereby reducing sea surface height and mixed layer depth. However, the SST change by dust, ranging from −0.5 to 0.5 K, has a great spatial variation which differs from the dust plume shape. Dust cools SST around the West African coast, except under the maximum dust plume ridge, and extends westward asymmetrically along the northern and southern edges of the dust plume. Dust unexpectedly warms SST over a large area of the western tropical North Atlantic and north of the dust plume. These SST changes are controlled by different mechanisms. Unlike the SST change pattern, the LHF and SHF changes are mostly reduced underneath the dust plume region, though they are different in detail due to different dominant factors, and increased south of the dust plume over the tropic.
High Resolution WRF Simulations for the Tel‐Aviv Metropolitan Area Reveal the Urban Fingerprint in the Sea‐Breeze Hodograph
Authors: Avisar D. , Pelta R. , Chudnovsky A. , Rostkier‐Edelstein D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe implement and verify for the first time four Weather Research and Forecasting model urban configurations, focused on the coastal metropolitan area of Tel‐Aviv (MTA) using updated landuse and morphological maps. We analyze the mesoscale summertime flow and the urban canopy (UC) role in the occurrence of different hodograph dynamics observed within MTA at night. These events may be significant in air quality research. The four configurations—bulk (MM), single‐layer (SLUCM), multilayer (BEP), and BEP coupled with the building energy model—reproduce the observed diurnal temperature and wind cycles, with similar 10‐m wind direction bias and RMSE (15° and ∼30°, respectively), with preference for MM and SLUCM at night. However, the SLUCM shows the lowest skill for the 10‐m wind speed (WS) (bias and RMSE 1 m s−1), and the BEP shows the largest underestimation of the 2‐m temperature, ∼−2.5 °C. In the SLUCM, the WS increases over an UC and with increasing building heights. These results call for a reexamination of the SLUCM WS parameterization. The simulations show that at night, a convergence line (CL) builds up with the urban heat island, downstream of the NW flow. West of the CL, the wind continues flowing from the sea, and rotates anticlockwise to form a nonelliptical sea‐breeze hodograph. Removing MTA UC restores an elliptical hodograph. East of the CL, the UC supports an elliptical hodograph with a clockwise rotation through the NE sector, previously reported as dynamically unstable. We expect such wind hodograph dynamics within similar coastal metropolitan areas.
Altered offspring neurodevelopment in an arginine vasopressin preeclampsia model
Authors: Gumusoglu Serena Banu , Chilukuri Akanksha Sri Satya , Hing Benjamin Wen Qing , Scroggins Sabrina Marie , Kundu Sreelekha , Sandgren Jeremy Anton , Santillan Mark Kharim , Santillan Donna Ann , Grobe Justin Lewis , Stevens Hanna Elizabeth 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPreeclampsia is a severe gestational hypertensive condition linked to child neuropsychiatric disorders, although underlying mechanisms are unclear. We used a recently developed, clinically relevant animal model of preeclampsia to assess offspring. C57BL/6J mouse dams were chronically infused with arginine vasopressin (AVP) or saline (24 ng/h) throughout pregnancy. Adult offspring were behaviorally tested (Y-maze, open field, rotarod, social approach, and elevated plus maze). Offspring brain was assessed histologically and by RNA sequencing. Preeclampsia-exposed adult males exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior and social approach while adult females exhibited impaired procedural learning. Adult AVP-exposed males had reduced total neocortical volume. Adult AVP-exposed females had increased caudate–putamen volume, increased caudate–putamen cell number, and decreased excitatory synapse density in hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), CA1, and CA3. At postnatal day 7 (P7), AVP-exposed male and female offspring both had smaller neocortex. At P7, AVP-exposed males also had smaller caudate–putamen volume, while females had increased caudate–putamen volume relative to neocortical size. Similar to P7, E18 AVP-exposed offspring had smaller dorsal forebrain, mainly in reduced intermediate, subventricular, and ventricular zone volume, particularly in males. Decreased volume was not accounted for by cell size or cerebrovascular vessel diameter changes. E18 cortical RNAseq revealed 49 differentially-expressed genes in male AVP-exposed offspring, over-representing cytoplasmic translation processes. In females, 31 genes were differentially-expressed, over-representing collagen-related and epithelial regulation pathways. Gene expression changes in E18 AVP-exposed placenta indicated potential underlying mechanisms. Deficits in behavior and forebrain development in this AVP-based preeclampsia model were distinctly different in males and females, implicating different neurobiological bases.
The lived experience of performing a periodontal treatment in the context of general dentistry
Authors: Milosavljevic Aleksandar , Wolf Eva , Englander Magnus , Stavropoulos Andreas , Götrick Bengt 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo describe what characterises the lived experience of performing a periodontal treatment in the context of general dentistry.Materials and methodsThree dental hygienists from general dentistry in Sweden, were purposively selected as participants and interviewed. The participants described a situation in which they had performed a periodontal treatment. The descriptions were analysed using the descriptive phenomenological psychological method.ResultsThe general meaning structure of the lived experience of performing a periodontal treatment comprised five constituents, (a) an established treatment routine, (b) importance of oral hygiene, (c) self-awareness and motivation of the patient, (d) support and doubt, and (e) mechanical infection control. The periodontal treatment is perceived as being set prior to its commencement and as following established routines, in which the patients’ oral hygiene is experienced as a crucial part. The patients’ self-awareness and a supportive clinician are seen as important factors in motivating the patient towards positive behavioural change, although there is a presence of doubt in patients’ ability to maintain this positive change. Mechanical infection control is perceived as successful but sometimes difficult to perform.ConclusionsImportant, patient-related, factors are constituting the phenomenon of performing a periodontal treatment but an experience that the pre-existing standardised workflow influences patient management was also present.
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein is an endogenous β-arrestin-2-selective allosteric modulator of AT1 receptor counteracting vascular injury
Authors: Fu Yi , Huang Yaqian , Yang Zhao , Chen Yufei , Zheng Jingang , Mao Chenfeng , Li Zhiqing , Liu Zhixin , Yu Bing , Li Tuoyi , Wang Meili , Xu Chanjuan , Zhou Yiwei , Zhao Guizhen , Jia Yiting , Guo Wei , Jia Xin , Zhang Tao , Li Li , Liu Ziyi , Guo Shengchao , Ma Mingliang , Zhang Heng , Liu Bo , Du Junbao , Wang Wengong , Tang Chaoshu , Gao Pei , Xu Qingbo , Wang Xian , Liu Jianfeng , Sun Jinpeng , Kong Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCompelling evidence has revealed that biased activation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, including angiotensin II (AngII) receptor type 1 (AT1) signaling, plays pivotal roles in vascular homeostasis and injury, but whether a clinically relevant endogenous biased antagonism of AT1 signaling exists under physiological and pathophysiological conditions has not been clearly elucidated. Here, we show that an extracellular matrix protein, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), acts as an endogenous allosteric biased modulator of the AT1 receptor and its deficiency is clinically associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. COMP directly interacts with the extracellular N-terminus of the AT1 via its EGF domain and inhibits AT1-β-arrestin-2 signaling, but not Gq or Gi signaling, in a selective manner through allosteric regulation of AT1 intracellular conformational states. COMP deficiency results in activation of AT1a-β-arrestin-2 signaling and subsequent exclusive AAA formation in response to AngII infusion. AAAs in COMP–/– or ApoE–/– mice are rescued by AT1a or β-arrestin-2 deficiency, or the application of a peptidomimetic mimicking the AT1-binding motif of COMP. Explorations of the endogenous biased antagonism of AT1 receptor or other GPCRs may reveal novel therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
A data reduction and compression description for high throughput time-resolved electron microscopy
Authors: Datta Abhik , Ng Kian Fong , Balakrishnan Deepan , Ding Melissa , Chee See Wee , Ban Yvonne , Shi Jian , Loh N. Duane 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFast, direct electron detectors have significantly improved the spatio-temporal resolution of electron microscopy movies. Preserving both spatial and temporal resolution in extended observations, however, requires storing prohibitively large amounts of data. Here, we describe an efficient and flexible data reduction and compression scheme (ReCoDe) that retains both spatial and temporal resolution by preserving individual electron events. Running ReCoDe on a workstation we demonstrate on-the-fly reduction and compression of raw data streaming off a detector at 3 GB/s, for hours of uninterrupted data collection. The output was 100-fold smaller than the raw data and saved directly onto network-attached storage drives over a 10 GbE connection. We discuss calibration techniques that support electron detection and counting (e.g., estimate electron backscattering rates, false positive rates, and data compressibility), and novel data analysis methods enabled by ReCoDe (e.g., recalibration of data post acquisition, and accurate estimation of coincidence loss).
Excitonic density wave and spin-valley superfluid in bilayer transition metal dichalcogenide
Authors: Bi Zhen , Fu Liang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractArtificial moiré superlattices in 2d van der Waals heterostructures are a new venue for realizing and controlling correlated electronic phenomena. Recently, twisted bilayer WSe2 emerged as a new robust moiré system hosting a correlated insulator at moiré half-filling over a range of twist angle. In this work, we present a theory of this insulating state as an excitonic density wave due to intervalley electron–hole pairing. We show that exciton condensation is strongly enhanced by a van Hove singularity near the Fermi level. Our theory explains the remarkable sensitivity of the insulating gap to the vertical electric field. In contrast, the gap is weakly reduced by a perpendicular magnetic field, with quadratic dependence at low field. The different responses to electric and magnetic field can be understood in terms of pair-breaking versus non-pair-breaking effects in a BCS analog of the system. We further predict superfluid spin transport in this electrical insulator, which can be detected by optical spin injection and spatial-temporal imaging.
Genomic epidemiology of the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Russia
Authors: Komissarov Andrey B. , Safina Ksenia R. , Garushyants Sofya K. , Fadeev Artem V. , Sergeeva Mariia V. , Ivanova Anna A. , Danilenko Daria M. , Lioznov Dmitry , Shneider Olga V. , Shvyrev Nikita , Spirin Vadim , Glyzin Dmitry , Shchur Vladimir , Bazykin Georgii A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ongoing pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 presents novel challenges and opportunities for the use of phylogenetics to understand and control its spread. Here, we analyze the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in Russia in March and April 2020. Combining phylogeographic analysis with travel history data, we estimate that the sampled viral diversity has originated from at least 67 closely timed introductions into Russia, mostly in late February to early March. All but one of these introductions were not from China, suggesting that border closure with China has helped delay establishment of SARS-CoV-2 in Russia. These introductions resulted in at least 9 distinct Russian lineages corresponding to domestic transmission. A notable transmission cluster corresponded to a nosocomial outbreak at the Vreden hospital in Saint Petersburg; phylodynamic analysis of this cluster reveals multiple (2-3) introductions each giving rise to a large number of cases, with a high initial effective reproduction number of 3.0 [1.9, 4.3].
Surface chemistry-mediated modulation of adsorbed albumin folding state specifies nanocarrier clearance by distinct macrophage subsets
Authors: Vincent Michael P. , Bobbala Sharan , Karabin Nicholas B. , Frey Molly , Liu Yugang , Navidzadeh Justin O. , Stack Trevor , Scott Evan A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractControlling nanocarrier interactions with the immune system requires a thorough understanding of the surface properties that modulate protein adsorption in biological fluids, since the resulting protein corona redefines cellular interactions with nanocarrier surfaces. Albumin is initially one of the dominant proteins to adsorb to nanocarrier surfaces, a process that is considered benign or beneficial by minimizing opsonization or inflammation. Here, we demonstrate the surface chemistry of a model nanocarrier can be engineered to stabilize or denature the three-dimensional conformation of adsorbed albumin, which respectively promotes evasion or non-specific clearance in vivo. Interestingly, certain common chemistries that have long been considered to convey stealth properties denature albumin to promote nanocarrier recognition by macrophage class A1 scavenger receptors, providing a means for their eventual removal from systemic circulation. We establish that the surface chemistry of nanocarriers can be specified to modulate adsorbed albumin structure and thereby tune clearance by macrophage scavenger receptors.
Single-cell transcriptomic reveals molecular diversity and developmental heterogeneity of human stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte lineage cells
Authors: Chamling Xitiz , Kallman Alyssa , Fang Weixiang , Berlinicke Cynthia A. , Mertz Joseph L. , Devkota Prajwal , Pantoja Itzy E. Morales , Smith Matthew D. , Ji Zhicheng , Chang Calvin , Kaushik Aniruddha , Chen Liben , Whartenby Katharine A. , Calabresi Peter A. , Mao Hai-Quan , Ji Hongkai , Wang Tza-Huei , Zack Donald J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInjury and loss of oligodendrocytes can cause demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. To improve our understanding of human oligodendrocyte development, which could facilitate development of remyelination-based treatment strategies, here we describe time-course single-cell-transcriptomic analysis of developing human stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte-lineage-cells (hOLLCs). The study includes hOLLCs derived from both genome engineered embryonic stem cell (ESC) reporter cells containing an Identification-and-Purification tag driven by the endogenous PDGFRα promoter and from unmodified induced pluripotent (iPS) cells. Our analysis uncovers substantial transcriptional heterogeneity of PDGFRα-lineage hOLLCs. We discover sub-populations of human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (hOPCs) including a potential cytokine-responsive hOPC subset, and identify candidate regulatory genes/networks that define the identity of these sub-populations. Pseudotime trajectory analysis defines developmental pathways of oligodendrocytes vs astrocytes from PDGFRα-expressing hOPCs and predicts differentially expressed genes between the two lineages. In addition, pathway enrichment analysis followed by pharmacological intervention of these pathways confirm that mTOR and cholesterol biosynthesis signaling pathways are involved in maturation of oligodendrocytes from hOPCs.