bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photonic orbital angular momentum with controllable orientation
Authors: Wan Chenhao , Chen Jian , Chong Andy , Zhan Qiwen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Vortices are whirling disturbances, commonly found in nature, ranging from tremendously small scales in Bose-Einstein condensations to cosmologically colossal scales in spiral galaxies. An optical vortex, generally associated with a spiral phase, can carry orbital angular momentum (OAM). The optical OAM can either be in the longitudinal direction if the spiral phase twists in the spatial domain or in the transverse direction if the phase rotates in the spatiotemporal domain. In this article, we demonstrate the intersection of spatiotemporal vortices and spatial vortices in a wave packet. As a result of this intersection, the wave packet hosts a tilted OAM that provides an additional degree of freedom to the applications that harness the OAM of photons.
Indonesia is already in a state of ‘Herd Stupidity’: is it a slump?
Authors: Situmorang Dominikus David Biondi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
I hope this article can be an input for all of us, especially Indonesia, so that the phenomenon of ‘Herd Stupidity’ can end soon and the ‘positivity rate’ will decrease. If we all carry out disciplined behavior starting with ourselves, surely all of these things will be handled properly.
Consumption Imputation Errors in Administrative Data
Authors: Baker Scott R , Kueng Lorenz , Meyer Steffen , Pagel Michaela 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Many research papers in household finance utilize annual snapshots of household wealth from administrative data, such as tax registries, to calculate “imputed consumption.” However, trading costs, unobserved intrayear trades, or unobserved security characteristics may cause measurement error. We document how such errors vary across groups of individuals by income, portfolio characteristics, and wealth and how they are correlated with individual income and balance sheets, asset prices, and the business cycle using transaction-level retail brokerage account data. We find that the economic significance of imputation error is small in many research settings, and we discuss robustness checks and econometric specifications to minimize the impact of imputation error in future research.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Addressing wicked problems. Collaboration, trust and the role of shared principles at the philanthropy and government interface
Authors: Strachwitz Rupert Graf , Alter Rolf , Unger Timo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Collaborative activities at the interface of philanthropy and government are increasingly assumed to be a desirable answer to complex—even wicked—public problems. Against this backdrop, this article discusses different types of collaborations, their accompanying levels of difficulty, and the roles that philanthropies might play in these efforts. Although this collaboration might hold promising potential, it will be argued that success will be very difficult to achieve. Consequently, indications are that philanthropies interested in increasing their collaborative activities at the interface of government might need to adjust their expectations and enhance their frustration tolerance. However, trust is seen as the central driver of collaborations across all sectors. By adopting a common approach to managing philanthropic practice, such as a joint performance management, that includes a broad understanding of performance beyond fixed indicators, it is argued that philanthropies are able to operationalize the resource trust. The Philanthropy. Insight Assessment Tool is proposed as a starting point for a joint conversation on the current and future philanthropic practice and its principles, including debates on the practical value of performance management systems.
Global spatiotemporal transmission patterns of human enterovirus 71 from 1963 to 2019
Authors: Xu Bing , Wang Jinfeng , Yan Bin , Xu Chengdong , Yin Qian , Yang Deyan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) can cause large outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and severe neurological diseases, which is regarded as a major threat to public health, especially in Asia-Pacific regions. However, the global spatiotemporal spread of this virus has not been identified. In this study, we used large sequence datasets and a Bayesian phylogenetic approach to compare the molecular epidemiology and geographical spread patterns of different EV71 subgroups globally. The study found that subgroups of HFMD presented global spatiotemporal variation, subgroups B0, B1, and B2 have caused early infections in Europe and America, and then subgroups C1, C2, C3, and C4 replaced B0-B2 as the predominant genotypes, especially in Asia-Pacific countries. The dispersal patterns of genotype B and subgroup C4 showed the complicated routes in Asia and the source might in some Asian countries, while subgroups C1 and C2 displayed more strongly supported pathways globally, especially in Europe. This study found the predominant subgroup of EV71 and its global spatiotemporal transmission patterns, which may be beneficial to reveal the long-term global spatiotemporal transmission patterns of human EV71 and carry out the HFMD vaccine development.
Telomere to Telomere Genome Assembly of Fusarium musae F31, Causal Agent of Crown Rot Disease of Banana
Authors: Degradi Luca , Tava Valeria , Kunova Andrea , Cortesi Paolo , Saracchi Marco , Pasquali Matias 
Published: August 2021

Fusarium musae causes crown rot of banana and it is also associated to clinical fusariosis. A chromosome-level genome assembly of F. musae F31 obtained combining Nanopore long reads and Illumina paired-end reads resulted in 12 chromosomes plus one contig with overall N50 of 4.36 Mb, and is presented together with its mitochondrial genome (58,072 bp). The F31 genome includes telomeric regions for 11 of the 12 chromosomes representing one of the most complete genomes available in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. The high-quality assembly of the F31 genome will be a valuable resource for studying the pathogenic interactions occurring between F. musae and banana. Moreover, it represents an important resource for understanding the genome evolution in the F. fujikuroi species complex. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Maize Seed Contamination and Seed Transmission of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus in Kenya
Authors: Kimani Esther N. , Kiarie Samuel M. , Micheni Cyrus , Muriki Laureen G. , Miano Douglas W. , Macharia Isaac , Munkvold Gary P. , Muiru William M. , Prasanna B. M. , Wangai Anne 
Published: August 2021

Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) causes maize lethal necrosis disease in combination with a cereal-infecting potyvirus, leading to high yield losses. There is limited information on seed infection or contamination rate by MCMV and its comparison with transmission rate to maize seedlings. This study was conducted to determine the extent of seed contamination in seed lots from MCMV-infected maize fields in Kenya and the transmission of MCMV from seeds to seedlings. To determine the contamination levels, whole seeds were ground and the extract tested for the presence of MCMV using double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Seedling grow-outs were tested for seed transmission of MCMV using DAS-ELISA and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) methods. The seed contamination rates of the four seed lots tested ranged from 4.9 to 15.9%. MCMV transmission frequency for 37,617 seedlings, tested in 820 pools of varying seed amounts by DAS-ELISA, was 0.17%, whereas a transmission frequency of 0.025% was obtained from 8,322 seedlings tested in 242 pools by real-time RT-PCR. Seeds from plants mechanically inoculated with MCMV had an overall seed transmission rate of 0.04% in 7,846 seedlings tested in 197 pools. The study showed that even with substantial contamination of maize seed with MCMV, the transmission of the virus from the seed to seedlings was low. Nevertheless, even low rates of transmission can be significant under field conditions where insect vectors can further spread the disease from infected seedlings, unless diseased plants are detected in time and properly managed. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Where to Invest Project Efforts for Greater Benefit: A Framework for Management Performance Mapping with Examples for Potato Seed Health
Authors: Buddenhagen C. E. , Xing Y. , Andrade-Piedra J. L. , Forbes G. A. , Kromann P. , Navarrete I. , Thomas-Sharma S. , Choudhury R. A. , Andersen Onofre K. F. , Schulte-Geldermann E. , Etherton B. A. , Plex Sulá A. I. , Garrett K. A. 
Published: August 2021

Policymakers and donors often need to identify the locations where technologies are most likely to have important effects, to increase the benefits from agricultural development or extension efforts. Higher-quality information may help to target the high-benefit locations, but often actions are needed with limited information. The value of information (VOI) in this context is formalized by evaluating the results of decision making guided by a set of specific information compared with the results of acting without considering that information. We present a framework for management performance mapping that includes evaluating the VOI for decision making about geographic priorities in regional intervention strategies, in case studies of Andean and Kenyan potato seed systems. We illustrate the use of recursive partitioning, XGBoost, and Bayesian network models to characterize the relationships among seed health and yield responses and environmental and management predictors used in studies of seed degeneration. These analyses address the expected performance of an intervention based on geographic predictor variables. In the Andean example, positive selection of seed from asymptomatic plants was more effective at high altitudes in Ecuador. In the Kenyan example, there was the potential to target locations with higher technology adoption rates and with higher potato cropland connectivity, i.e., a likely more important role in regional epidemics. Targeting training to high management performance areas would often provide more benefits than would random selection of target areas. We illustrate how assessing the VOI can contribute to targeted development programs and support a culture of continuous improvement for interventions.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
The Impact of Tape Sealing Face Masks on Visual Field Scores in the Era of COVID-19: A Randomized Cross-over Study
Authors: Heidinger Astrid , Falb Thomas , Werkl Peter , List Wolfgang , Hoeflechner Lukas , Riedl Regina , Ivastinovic Domagoj , Hommer Anton , Lindner Ewald 
Published: August 2021

Precis:
Tape sealing of the face mask can prevent fogging artifacts of visual field testing. Here, we demonstrate that tape sealing can improve visual field scores even when fogging artifacts are not obvious.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that visual field scores improve when the face masks are taped to prevent fogging artifacts.

Methods:
A Single-center, randomized 2×2 cross-over study. Twenty-six visual fields of 13 patients of the glaucoma outpatient clinic were included. Patients were randomized in either sequence 1 (Octopus visual field examination without tape sealing, followed by examination with tape sealing) or sequence 2 (examination with, followed by without tape sealing).

Results:
The results for mean defect and square root of loss variance differ significantly in the examination with and without tape sealing [mean difference (without−with) 0.39 dB, 95% confidence interval: 0.07-0.70 dB, P=0.018 and 0.49 dB, 95% confidence interval: 0.19-0.79 dB, P=0.003, respectively]. There was no sequence effect (P=0.967) for mean defect nor the square root of loss variance (P=0.779). A significant effect for period (P=0.023) for mean defect was yielded.

Conclusion:
Tape sealing of face masks during visual field testing prevented fogging artifacts and improved visual field scores even when fogging artifacts were not obvious and should be considered in clinical practice.
Comparison of the 24-2 and 24-2C Visual Field Grids in Determining the Macular Structure-Function Relationship in Glaucoma
Authors: Hong Ji Wook , Baek Min Su , Lee Jin Yeong , Song Min Kyung , Shin Joong Won , Kook Michael S. 
Published: August 2021

Precis:
The 24-2C grid showed significantly greater structure-function (S-F) associations in the global and regional sectors than the 24-2 visual field (VF) grid in open-angle glaucoma eyes.

Purpose:
The aim was to compare a Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm-Faster (SITA-faster) 24-2C grid to a conventional HFA 24-2 grid regarding macular S-F relationships.

Methods:
The macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (mGCIPLT) was measured at different parafoveal sectors using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in 150 eyes from 150 healthy, preperimetric, and perimetric glaucoma subjects. The central visual field mean sensitivity (VFMS) on the decibel and 1/L scales and the parafoveal mGCIPLT were matched topographically in 4 sectors and the strengths of the S-F relationships were assessed using “weighted” correlation coefficients and compared between 24-2C and 24-2 VF test grids.

Results:
There were significant global and sectoral correlations between the mGCIPLT and VFMS using both VF grids. The S-F correlations between the average/hemimacular mGCIPLT and the corresponding VFMS using a 24-2C grid were however significantly greater in both the entire and perimetric glaucoma groups (P<0.05), except for the average mGCIPLT of the perimetric glaucoma group in the 1/L scale (P=0.065). The 24-2C grid showed significantly greater S-F associations in the superotemporal and inferotemporal parafoveal sectors than the 24-2 VF grid (both P<0.05).

Conclusions:
A 24-2C grid may offer an advantage over the conventional 24-2 VF grid in assessing macular S-F relationships.
Concurrence of Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma in A Patient with Generalized Actinic Keratosis: A Case Report
Authors: Yue Zhang-Hui , Wang Yan , Fang Fang , Sun Jian-Fang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive cutaneous malignancy, and its pathogenesis might relate to ultraviolet light and Merkel cell polyomavirus infection. MCC in the Chinese population is uncommon. Here, we present a case of MCC that occurred based on widespread actinic keratosis (AK) in a Chinese female.

Case report:
An 82-year-old woman presented with two rapidly enlarging and rupture lesions on the face for 1 year. Biopsy was suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on the forehead and MCC on the left cheek. The patient had a history of generalized AK for 3years. The lesion on the left cheek was also revealed as an AK by histopathological examination 1 year ago. Complete surgical resection was performed to remove the two malignancies.

Discussion:
The co-occurrence of AK, SCC, and MCC in a Chinese woman is unusual. Immunohistopathological examination is vital for correct diagnosis. The three tumors, in this case, may originate from two different precursor cells and are affected by the same carcinogen. Alternatively, they may come from the same pluripotent epidermal stem cells, and chronic exposure to ultraviolet light and Merkel cell polyomavirus lead to the formation of different types of tumors. The coexist of MCC with other cutaneous tumors provided a train of thought for exploring the origin of MCC.

Conclusion:
We reported a rare co-existence phenomenon of MCC associated with AK and SCC. Hence, long-term follow-up and early treatment are imperative for patients with premalignant lesions, such as widespread AK.
Endothelium-derived Microparticles Are Increased in Teenagers With Cobalamin Deficiency
Authors: Dundar Mehmet A. , Torun Yasemin A. , Cetin Feyza , Oz Hatice T. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency may be a significant cause of hyperhomocysteinemia, and high homocysteine (Hcy) levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Endothelium-derived microparticles (EMPs) are a new marker in endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, which play a role in cardiovascular diseases’ pathogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the EMPs, the markers of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, and lipid profile in teenagers with cobalamin deficiency.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study included 143 teenagers, 75 vitamin B12 deficient patients and 68 healthy controls between 11 and 18 years of age. Routine laboratory tests, hemogram, vitamin B12, folic acid, ferritin, Hcy, lipid profile and EMPs were examined and compared. EMP subgroups were analyzed by flow cytometry method according to the expression of membrane-specific antigens. The microparticles released from the endothelium studied were VE-cadherin (CD144), S-endo1 (CD146), and Endoglin (CD105).

Results:
The present study demonstrates that circulating CD105+ EMP, CD144+ EMP, CD146+ EMPs, and Hcy were increased, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was reduced in teenagers with cobalamin deficiency. Vitamin B12 showed a negative correlation with EMPs and Hcy, positive correlation with folate and HDL. All EMPs showed a significant positive correlation with triglyceride, vitamin B12, and HDL.

Conclusion:
Vitamin B12 deficiency may predispose to endothelial damage and atherosclerosis by increasing EMPs and harms lipid metabolism in the long term.
Validation of the German Version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool—Revised
Authors: Strametz Reinhard , Siebold Bianka , Heistermann Peter , Haller Susanne , Bushuven Stefan 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
The second victim phenomenon that occurs after critical events poses a serious factor for patient and workplace safety. These experiences can be evaluated using the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST), originally in English, or the translated and validated Korean or Chinese versions. In 2020, a revised version was published (SVESTR) with the addition of resilience items. The aim of this study is the validation of the German version, the G-SVESTR, in a multiprofessional setting.

Methods
The G-SVESTR questionnaire was designed according to World Health Organization recommendations. This entails translation, test for face validity, back translation, pretest, expert panel evaluation, and a test in a large population for validity and reliability. We provided an anonymous online questionnaire to physicians, nurses, paramedics, medical assistants, and physician assistants to test our developed tool. Statistics were accomplished using XL-Stats.

Results
Altogether, 72% (306 of 428) of the participants completed the survey. The mean time for completion was 9.4 minutes. Physician assistants and medical assistants were significantly younger than other respondents. The analysis revealed satisfactory reliability (Cronbach α = 0.844). A principal component analysis showed 11 factors with eigenvalues greater than 1. Factor loading on distinct dimensions was satisfactory with one exception, the absenteeism item (item 31), which showed cross-loadings and poor factor loading on the absenteeism dimension. The results of the G-SVESTR revealed only some differences between the professional subgroups.

Conclusion
The G-SVESTR is a valid and reliable testing instrument for the evaluation of second victim experiences in different medical professions.
Mucosal AIDS virus transmission is enhanced by antiviral IgG isolated early in infection
Authors: Marasini Bishal , Vyas Hemant K. , Lakhashe Samir K. , Hariraju Dinesh , Akhtar Akil , Ratcliffe Sarah J. , Ruprecht Ruth M. 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) affects host-virus dynamics in fundamentally different ways: i) enhancement of initial virus acquisition, and/or ii) increased disease progression/severity. Here we address the question whether anti-HIV-1 antibodies can enhance initial infection. While cell-culture experiments hinted at this possibility, in-vivo proof remained elusive.

Design:
We used passive immunization in nonhuman primates challenged with simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), a chimera expressing HIV-1 envelope. We purified IgG from rhesus monkeys with early-stage SHIV infection – before cross-neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies had developed – and screened for maximal complement-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement (C’-ADE) of viral replication with a SHIV strain phylogenetically distinct from that harbored by IgG donor macaques. IgG fractions with maximal C’-ADE but lacking neutralization were combined to yield enhancing anti-SHIV IgG (enSHIVIG).

Results:
We serially enrolled naive macaques (Group 1) to determine the minimal and 50% animal infectious doses required to establish persistent infection after intrarectal SHIV challenge. The first animal was inoculated with a 1 : 10 virus-stock dilution; after this animal's viral RNA load was >104copies/ml, the next macaque was challenged with 10x less virus, a process repeated until viremia no longer ensued. Group 2 was pretreated intravenously with enSHIVIG 24 h before SHIV challenge. Overall, Group 2 macaques required 3.4-fold less virus compared to controls (P = 0.002). This finding is consistent with enhanced susceptibility of the passively immunized animals to mucosal SHIV challenge.

Conclusion:
These passive immunization data give proof of IgG-mediated enhanced virus acquisition after mucosal exposure – a potential concern for antibody-based AIDS vaccine development.
Diagnostic and Management Considerations in Pediatric Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
Authors: Reilly Daniel J. , Loo Yew Loong , Alexander William M. , Wilks Daniel J. , MacGregor Duncan , Coombs Christopher J. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare fibrohistiocytic tumor of dermal origin. Six percent of all cases present in children, with a childhood incidence of 1 per million.

Methods
This is a retrospective review of all cases of pediatric DFSP managed at a single institution over a 23-year period.

Results
Seventeen patients (10 male; mean age, 9.9 years) were managed during the study period. The median follow-up was 29 months. All patients had surgical excision. Three patients required further excision to achieve uninvolved final margins. There were no recurrences observed.

Conclusions
Pediatric DFSP should be managed by a soft tissue tumor multidisciplinary team, with experienced pathologists and reconstructive surgeons. Where R0 resections are obtained, patients can experience recurrence-free survival.