bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research productivity of self‐initiated expatriate academics: Influences of job demands, resources and cross‐cultural adjustment
Authors: Maharjan Mohan Pyari , Stoermer Sebastian , Froese Fabian Jintae 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResearch on academic expatriation has rarely investigated the drivers of academic performance in a foreign cultural environment. This study focuses on research productivity as a crucial facet of performance and integral part of academic jobs. Drawing from the job demands‐resources model, we position perceived organizational support and the number of doctoral students supervised as resources and teaching and service load as demands of self‐initiated expatriate (SIE) academics' jobs. Most importantly, we suggest that being cross‐culturally adjusted is a vital personal resource living and working in a foreign country and that cross‐cultural adjustment moderates the effects of demands and resources. The analysis of combined survey and publication data from 208 SIE academics in natural sciences indicates that the number of doctoral students supervised increases research productivity, while teaching load reduces it. Moreover, findings show that cross‐cultural adjustment amplifies the effects of demands and resources. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Vestibular contributions to the Romberg test: Testing semicircular canal and otolith function
Authors: Halmágyi Gábor M. , Curthoys Ian S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNormal stance relies on three sensory inputs: vision, proprioception and vestibular function. The Romberg test, trying to stand with feet together and eyes closed, is familiar to every medical student as a test of distal proprioceptive impairment. It remains the best known of Romberg's many remarkable contributions to clinical neurology. In Romberg's time almost nothing was known about the function of the vestibular system. We now know that standing with the eyes closed on a compliant rather than a firm surface is more a test of vestibular than proprioceptive function. Peripheral vestibular function tests in clinical use today all rely on measurements of oligosynaptic brainstem reflexes. Short‐latency eye rotations in response to rapid, brief head rotations (head impulses) give an accurate, robust and reproducible measure of the function of any and each of the six semicircular canals. Short‐latency evoked potentials from sternomastoid and inferior oblique muscles in response to loud clicks or skull taps (vestibular evoked myogenic potentials) give an accurate and reproducible measure of the function of each and any of the four otolith organs. In the present paper, we briefly review what is now known about the anatomy and physiology of the peripheral receptors and brainstem pathways mediating these reflexes and examine how this knowledge can help interpret the Romberg test.
Systematic review of the putative role of herpesviruses in pulmonary fibrosis in horses and humans
Authors: Holley L. C. , Medina‐Torres C. E. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundEquine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) and human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have been compared due to their pathological similarities, poorly understood pathogenesis, poor response to therapy and high fatality rate. IPF lacks an adequate animal model for experimental investigation.ObjectivesAssess EMPF as a putative candidate to investigate the clinical importance of gammaherpesviruses (γ‐HVs) and their role in lung fibrosis, aetiological potential or involvement as cofactors for disease occurrence.Study designQuantitative systematic review.MethodsDatabases were searched, following a PRISMA protocol to identify relevant publications based on predetermined criteria. The articles were examined through a data extraction form designed for this review; bias, evidence and overall strength of the articles were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed on the extracted data to prove repeatability, quantify evidence and determine the significance of studies that did not include statistics.ResultsSixteen relevant publications were identified, and gaps and patterns were recognised. Virus detection within the pulmonary parenchyma and a close association within alveolar epithelial cells highlighted herpesvirus involvement in pulmonary fibrosis in both species.Main limitationsA limited number of articles matched the inclusion criteria, and raw data and the statistical analyses details were incomplete; the authors’ background in veterinary medicine may have resulted in inclusion bias.ConclusionsThis systematic review demonstrates that more research on both EMPF and IPF is required, with a methodical approach to characterise the relationship between γ‐HVs and lung cells. Similarities in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of EMPF and IPF support the use of EMPF as a model to study IPF and better understand the putative role that γ‐HVs, and that genetic and epigenetic factors might play in lung fibrosis. Such research could improve our approach to therapy of pulmonary fibrosis in both species.
Thermoelectric properties and phase transition of doped single crystals and polycrystals of Bi2Te3
Authors: Romanenko Anatoly I. , Chebanova Galina E. , Drozhzhin Michael V. , Katamanin Ivan N. , Komarov Vladislav Y. , Han M.‐K. , Kim S.‐J. , Chen Tingting , Wang Hongchao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe temperature dependences of the electrical conductivity , Seebeck coefficient , and heat capacity Cp(T) of polycrystalline samples of Bi2Te3, Bi2Te3+1%CuI, and Bi2Te3+1%(CuI+1/2Pb) are investigated in the temperature range below room temperature. Based on the temperature dependences of all investigated physical properties, it is discovered that phase transition occurs at 120–200 K. Investigation of single crystals shows that anomalies in the electrical resistivity occur only across the crystal growth axis (across the well‐conducting Bi–Te plane). Investigation of the low‐temperature dependence of electrical conductivity shows that all polycrystalline samples exhibit quasi‐two‐dimensional electron transport. Additionally, quasi‐two‐dimensional transport is detected in single crystals based on anisotropy analysis (where is the resistivity along the crystal growth axis, and is resistivity across the crystal growth axis) and temperature dependence below 50 K. The Fermi energy is estimated using the temperature dependence of . It is discovered that an increase in at T > 200 K is associated with the phase transition. For single‐crystal samples, the maximum thermoelectric figure of merit ZT, as observed along the crystal growth axis, increases with doping. A maximum ZT value of ∼1.1 is observed for the Bi2Te3+1%(CuI+1/2Pb) sample at room temperature ().
MiR‐132 down‐regulates high glucose‐induced β‐dystroglycan degradation through Matrix Metalloproteinases‐9 up‐regulation in primary neurons
Authors: Dou Yunxiao , Tan Yan , Yu Tongya , Ma Xiaoye , Zhou Yuchen , Zhao Yichen , Zhao Yanxin , Liu Xueyuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCognitive dysfunction is one of the complications of diabetes. Unfortunately, there is no effective methods to block its progression currently. One of the pathophysiological mechanisms is synaptic protein damage and neuronal signal disruption because of glucose metabolism disorder. Dystroglycan protein, located in the post‐synaptic membrane of neurons, links the intracellular cytoskeleton with extracellular matrix. Abnormal expression of dystroglycan protein affects neuronal biological functions and leads to cognitive impairment. However, there are no relevant studies to observe the changes of β‐dystroglycan protein in diabetes rat brain and in primary neurons under high glucose exposure. Our data demonstrated the alterations of cognitive abilities in the diabetic rats; β‐dystroglycan protein degradation occurred in hippocampal and cortical tissues in diabetic rat brain. We further explored the mechanisms underlying of this phenomenon. When neurons are exposed to high glucose environment in long‐term period, microRNA‐132 (miR‐132) would be down‐regulated in neurons. Matrix Metalloproteinases‐9 (MMP‐9) mRNA, as a target of miR‐132, could be up‐regulated; higher expression and overlay activity of MMP‐9 protein could increase β‐DG protein degradation. In this way, β‐DG degradation may affect structure and functions among the synapses, which related to cognition decline. It may provide some theoretical basis for elucidating the molecular mechanism of diabetes‐induced cognitive dysfunction.
Interplay between SARS‐CoV‐2‐derived miRNAs, immune system, vitamin D pathway and respiratory system
Authors: Karimi Elham , Azari Hanieh , Yari Maryam , Tahmasebi Ahmad , Hassani Azad Mehdi , Mousavi Pegah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe new coronavirus pandemic started in China in 2019. The intensity of the disease can range from mild to severe, leading to death in many cases. Despite extensive research in this area, the exact molecular nature of virus is not fully recognized; however, according to pieces of evidence, one of the mechanisms of virus pathogenesis is through the function of viral miRNAs. So, we hypothesized that SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis may be due to targeting important genes in the host with its miRNAs, which involved in the respiratory system, immune pathways and vitamin D pathways, thus possibly contributing to disease progression and virus survival. Potential miRNA precursors and mature miRNA were predicted and confirmed based on the virus genome. The next step was to predict and identify their target genes and perform functional enrichment analysis to recognize the biological processes connected with these genes in the three pathways mentioned above through several comprehensive databases. Finally, cis‐acting regulatory elements in 5′ regulatory regions were analysed, and the analysis of available RNAseq data determined the expression level of genes. We revealed that thirty‐nine mature miRNAs could theoretically derive from the SARS‐CoV‐2 genome. Functional enrichment analysis elucidated three highlighted pathways involved in SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis: vitamin D, immune system and respiratory system. Our finding highlighted genes' involvement in three crucial molecular pathways and may help develop new therapeutic targets related to SARS‐CoV‐2.
Examining the Impacts of Ignoring Rater Effects in Mixed‐Format Tests
Authors: Guo Wenjing , Wind Stefanie A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe use of mixed‐format tests made up of multiple‐choice (MC) items and constructed response (CR) items is popular in large‐scale testing programs, including the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) and many district‐ and state‐level assessments in the United States. Rater effects, or raters’ scoring tendencies that result in performances receiving different scores than are warranted given their quality, are concerns for the interpretation of scores on CR items. However, there are few published studies in which researchers have systematically considered the impact of ignoring rater effects when they are present on estimates of student ability using large‐scale mixed‐format assessments. Using results from an analysis of NAEP data, we systematically explored the impacts of rater effects on student achievement estimates. Our results suggest that in conditions that reflect many large‐scale mixed‐format assessments, directly modeling rater effects yields more accurate student achievement estimates than estimation procedures that do not incorporate raters. We consider the implications of our findings for research and practice.
Movement patterns of temperate wrasses (Labridae) within a small marine protected area
Authors: Halvorsen Kim Tallaksen , Larsen Torkel , Browman Howard I. , Durif Caroline , Aasen Nicolai , Vøllestad Leif Asbjørn , Cresci Alessandro , Sørdalen Tonje Knutsen , Bjelland Reidun M. , Skiftesvik Anne Berit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe movement patterns of three commercially important wrasse (Labridae) species inside a small marine protected area (~ 0.15 km2) on the west coast of Norway were analysed over a period of 21 months. The mean distance between capture and recapture locations varied between 10 and 187 m, and was species and season specific. The extent of movement was not related to body size or sex. These results imply that a network of small strategically located marine protected areas can be used as management tools to protect wrasses from size‐ and sex‐selective fishing mortality.
Epitheliocystis in wild marine fishes and its relation with anthropogenic pollution
Authors: Novacovsky Gabriela N. , Palacios María G. , Sueiro María C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEpitheliocystis is a fish disease with recorded in increasing numbers globally. Here we show that (a) pollution‐exposed wild marine fishes have higher infection prevalence than nonexposed individuals from reference sites, suggesting that anthropogenic pollution predisposes individuals to this disease in natural systems, (b) the effect of pollution on infection status did not vary significantly between two sympatric fish species, and (c) infected and noninfected individuals from both species did not differ significantly in selected immune and general‐health parameters, a result that deserves further study with increased sample sizes.
Evidence of cylindrospermopsin uptake and clearance in fish (Oreochromis niloticus) under laboratory conditions
Authors: de Cássio da Silva Rodrigo , Oliveira Rafael Rosas , de Oliveira Azevedo Sandra Maria Feliciano , Soares Raquel Moraes , Magalhães Valéria Freitas De 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanotoxin that has raised serious concerns about public health in many parts of the world. It can bioaccumulate and affect the health of aquatic organisms, but despite this, few studies have been conducted on CYN uptake and clearance in fish. In this paper, the authors evaluate the uptake and clearance of CYN in the muscle tissue and viscera of juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after exposure to aqueous extracts and whole cells of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (CYN‐producer). CYN blended with commercial fish food, and three experiments were conducted. In the first trial, fish food, and aqueous extracts containing 0.31 μg CYN g−1 of food per day, was administered to tilapia for 15 days. In the second trial, fish were provided food and intact cells (5.4 μg CYN g−1 of food per day) for 15 days. In the last trial, they were provided fish food and aqueous extracts (0.8 μg CYN g−1 of food per day) for 12 days, and for the next 10 days, the animals were fed food without toxic cell extracts (to simulate a clearance period). The concentration of CYN in muscle tissue and viscera was analysed using ELISA. In the case of juvenile tilapia, the presence of CYN was higher in viscera than in muscle tissue, and the toxin remained in the tissues even after 10 days without the addition of contaminated food. The results suggest that tilapia represents a potential source of CYN transfer through the food web, and this shows the need for a continuous monitoring of this compound in organisms that are used for human and animal consumption.
Tumor burden score as a new prognostic marker for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: Ho Shu‐Yein , Liu Po‐Hong , Hsu Chia‐Yang , Ko Chih‐Chieh , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Su Chien‐Wei , Lee Rheun‐Chuan , Tsai Ping‐Hsing , Hou Ming‐Chih , Huo Teh‐Ia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimSize and number are major determinants of tumor burden in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with HCC undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) have variable outcomes due to heterogeneity of tumor burden. Recently, tumor burden score (TBS) was proposed to evaluate the extent of tumor involvement. However, the prognostic accuracy of TBS has not been well evaluated in HCC. This study aimed to assess its prognostic role in HCC patients undergoing TACE.MethodsA total of 935 treatment‐naïve HCC patients receiving TACE were retrospectively analyzed. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine independent prognostic predictors.ResultsTumor burden score tended to increase with increasing size and number of tumors in study patients. The Cox model showed that serum creatinine ≥ 1.2 mg/dL (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.296, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.077–1.559, P = 0.006), serum α‐fetoprotein ≥ 400 ng/dL (HR: 2.245, 95% CI: 1.905–2.645, P < 0.001), vascular invasion (HR: 1.870, 95% CI: 1.520–2.301, P < 0.001), medium TBS (HR: 1.489, 95% CI: 1.206–1.839, P < 0.001) and high TBS (HR: 2.563, 95% CI: 1.823–3.602, P < 0.001), albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) grade 2–3 (HR: 1.521, 95% CI: 1.291–1.792, P < 0.001), and performance status 1 (HR: 1.362, 95% CI: 1.127–1.647, P < 0.001) and status 2 (HR: 1.553, 95% CI: 1.237–1.948, P < 0.001) were associated with increased mortality. Patients with high TBS had poor overall survival in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B/C and different ALBI grades.ConclusionsTumor burden score is a feasible new prognostic surrogate marker of tumor burden in HCC and can well discriminate survival in patients undergoing TACE across different baseline characteristics.
Fluid metabolic pathways after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Zhou Jiru , Guo Peiwen , Guo Zongduo , Sun Xiaochuan , Chen Yujie , Feng Hua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and morbidity. In recent years, a large number of studies have focused on the mechanism of early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), including vasospasm, neurotoxicity of hematoma and neuroinflammatory storm, after aSAH. Despite considerable efforts, no novel drugs have significantly improved the prognosis of patients in phase III clinical trials, indicating the need to further re‐examine the multifactorial pathophysiological process that occurs after aSAH. The complex pathogenesis is reflected by the destruction of the dynamic balance of the energy metabolism in the nervous system after aSAH, which prevents the maintenance of normal neural function. This review focuses on the fluid metabolic pathways of the central nervous system (CNS), starting with ruptured aneurysms, and discusses the dysfunction of blood circulation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation and the glymphatic system during disease progression. It also proposes a hypothesis on the metabolic disorder mechanism and potential therapeutic targets for aSAH patients.
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Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15384.
Mental representation of a line when patients with left unilateral spatial neglect bisect it: A study with an endpoint reproduction task
Authors: Abe Masako , Ishiai Sumio 
Published: June 2021

Patients with left unilateral spatial neglect (USN) typically place the subjective midpoint to the right of the objective centre. Based on the previous findings (e.g., Ishiai et al. 1989, Brain, 112, 1485), we hypothesized that the patients with left USN may see the representational image of a line that extends equally towards either side of the subjective midpoint depending not upon the information about the leftward extent. The present study tested whether patients with left USN would place the subjective midpoint at the centre of their mental representation of the line. The participants were 10 patients with left USN and 10 neurologically healthy controls. We devised a new ‘endpoint reproduction task’ using a computer display with a touch panel to seek the representational image when patients with left USN bisect lines and asked the participants to reproduce the location of the right or left endpoint after bisecting lines. The results showed that the representational image of the bisected line depends primarily on the location of the objective right endpoint, not on the location of the objective left endpoint in space. The analyses of the estimated right and left representational extents confirmed our hypotheses that patients with left USN would bisect a line seeing the representational line image that centred across their subjective midpoint. We believe that the findings of the present study with the use of the endpoint reproduction task will contribute to a better understanding of the visuospatial process underlying line bisection of patients with left USN.
Acute stress‐induced neuronal plasticity in the corticoid complex of 15‐day‐old chick, Gallus domesticus
Authors: Kumar Adarsh , Arya Hemlata , Tamta Kavita , Maurya Ram Chandra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSeveral studies conducted on chicken have shown that a single stress exposure may impair or improve memory as well as learning processes. However, to date, stress effects on neuronal morphology are poorly investigated wherefore it was of interest to evaluate this further in chicks. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the role of single acute stress (AS) of 24 h food and water deprivation in neuronal plasticity in terms of spine density of the corticoid complex (CC) in 15‐day‐old chick, Gallus domesticus, by using three neurohistological techniques: Cresyl Violet, Golgi Colonnier, and Golgi Cox technique. The dorsolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere is occupied by CC which can be differentiated into two subfields: an intermediate corticoid (CI) subfield (arranged in layers) and a dorsolateral corticoid (CDL) subfield. Based on different criteria such as soma shape, dendritic branching pattern, and dendritic spine density, two main moderately spinous groups of neuronal cells were observed in the CC, namely, projection neurons (comprising of multipolar and pyramidal neurons) and stellate neurons. In the present study, the stellate neurons have shown a significant decrease as well as an increase in their spine density in both CI and CDL subfields, whereas the multipolar neurons had shown a significant increase in their spine density in the CDL region only. The present study shows that AS induces neuronal plasticity in terms of spine density in both CI and CDL neurons. The morphological changes in the form of decreased dendritic branches due to stress have been observed in the CI region in comparison to CDL region, which could be linked to more effect of stress in this region. The avian CDL corresponds to the entorhinal cortex of mammals on the basis of neuronal morphology and bidirectional connections between adjacent areas. The projection neurons increase their branches and also their spine number to cope with the stress effects, while the stellate neurons show contrasting effect in their spine density. Therefore, this study will establish that slight modifications in natural stimuli or environmental changes faced by the animal may affect their dorsolateral forebrain which shows neuronal plasticity that help in the development of an adaptive capacity of the animal to survive under changing environmental conditions.