bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Genetic Analysis of the Theileria annulata Parasites Identified Limited Diversity and Multiplicity of Infection in the Vaccine From India
Authors: Roy Sonti , Bhandari Vasundhra , Barman Madhumanti , Kumar Pankaj , Bhanot Vandna , Arora Jaspreet Singh , Singh Satparkash , Sharma Paresh 
Published: January 2021

Background:Apicomplexan parasiteTheileria annulatacauses significant economic loss to the livestock industry in India and other tropical countries. In India, parasite control is mainly dependent on the live attenuated schizont vaccine and the drug buparvaquone. For effective disease control, it is essential to study the population structure and genetic diversity of theTheileria annulatafield isolates and vaccine currently used in India.Methodology/Results:A total of 125T. annulataisolates were genotyped using 10 microsatellite markers from four states belonging to different geographical locations of India. Limited genetic diversity was observed in the vaccine isolates when compared to the parasites in the field; a level of geographical substructuring was evident in India. The number of genotypes observed per infection was highest in India when compared to other endemic countries, suggesting high transmission intensity and abundance of ticks in the country. A reduced panel of four markers can be used for future studies in these for surveillance of theT. annulataparasites in India.Conclusion:High genetic variation between the parasite populations in the country suggests their successful spread in the field and could hamper the disease control programs. Our findings provide the baseline data for the diversity and population structure ofT. annulataparasites from India. The low diversity in the vaccine advocates improving the current vaccine, possibly by increasing its heterozygosity. The reduced panel of the markers identified in this study will be helpful in monitoring parasite and its reintroduction afterTheileriaeradication.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Social Dominance Status and Common Behavioral Phenotypes in Male Laboratory Mice
Authors: Varholick Justin A. , Bailoo Jeremy D. , Jenkins Ashley , Voelkl Bernhard , Würbel Hanno 
Published: January 2021

Background:Social dominance status (e.g., dominant or subordinate) is often associated with individual differences in behavior and physiology but is largely neglected in experimental designs and statistical analysis plans in biomedical animal research. In fact, the extent to which social dominance status affects common experimental outcomes is virtually unknown. Given the pervasive use of laboratory mice and culminating evidence of issues with reproducibility, understanding the role of social dominance status on common behavioral measures used in research may be of paramount importance.Methods:To determine whether social dominance status—one facet of the social environment—contributes in a systematic way to standard measures of behavior in biomedical science, we conducted a systematic review of the existing literature searching the databases of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Experiments were divided into several domains of behavior: exploration, anxiety, learned helplessness, cognition, social, and sensory behavior. Meta-analyses between experiments were conducted for the open field, elevated plus-maze, and Porsolt forced swim test.Results:Of the 696 publications identified, a total of 55 experiments from 20 published studies met our pre-specified criteria. Study characteristics and reported results were highly heterogeneous across studies. A systematic review and meta-analyses, where possible, with these studies revealed little evidence for systematic phenotypic differences between dominant and subordinate male mice.Conclusion:This finding contradicts the notion that social dominance status impacts behavior in significant ways, although the lack of an observed relationship may be attributable to study heterogeneity concerning strain, group-size, age, housing and husbandry conditions, and dominance assessment method. Therefore, further research considering these secondary sources of variation may be necessary to determine if social dominance generally impacts treatment effects in substantive ways.
Concurrency of Early-Age Exposure to Chinese Famine and Diabetes Increases Recurrence of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Suo Yue , Chen Weiqi , Pan Yuesong , Li Hao , Meng Xia , Li Zixiao , Wang Chunjuan , Jing Jing , Wang Yilong , Wang Yongjun 
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose: Early age exposure to the Chinese Great Leap Forward famine (1959–1961) is associated with the incidence of risk factors for ischemic stroke. This study aims to examine the relationship between early age famine exposure and 12-month stroke recurrence. We sought to explore the interaction between famine exposure status and metabolic phenotypes on stroke recurrence and how the adherence of crucial evidence-based key performance indicators (KPI) would modify this interaction.Methods: We analyzed data of patients who were born between 1953 and 1964 in the China National Stroke Registry II (CNSR-II). The study population was further divided into five subgroups for comparing 12-month stroke recurrence. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was used in analyzing the impact of the concurrence of metabolic phenotypes—type 2 diabetes (T2D) or metabolic syndrome (MetS)—and early-age famine exposure on recurrent risk. The influence of the adherence to predefined KPI and concurrency of metabolic phenotype was also evaluated.Results: Concurrent T2D and early age famine exposure was associated with an increased recurrence risk of ischemic stroke with 12 months [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28–2.07]. Optimal adherence to KPI was not associated with significantly reduced risk of 12-month stroke recurrence (adjusted HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.51–1.26).Conclusions: Concurrency of early-age famine exposure and diabetes mellitus was associated with a higher risk of stroke recurrence within 12 months, and adherence to evidence-based KPI did not reduce the risk significantly.
The Correlation of a 2D Volume-Referencing Endolymphatic-Hydrops Grading System With Extra-Tympanic Electrocochleography in Patients With Definite Ménière's Disease
Authors: He Baihui , Zhang Fan , Zheng Hui , Sun Xiayu , Chen Junmin , Chen Jianyong , Liu Yupeng , Wang Lu , Wang Wei , Li Shuna , Yang Jun , Duan Maoli 
Published: January 2021

Background: Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the membranous labyrinth and electrocochleography (ECochG) have been used to diagnose endolymphatic hydrops (ELH) in patients with Ménière's disease (MD), the relationship between imaging and ECochG is not well-documented.Objectives: This study evaluates the ELH using 3D-FLAIR MRI and extra-tympanic ECochG (ET-ECochG) and correlates the results from 3D-FLAIR MRI to those from ET-ECochG.Materials and Methods: 3D-FLAIR MRI images of 50 patients were assessed using a 2D volume-referencing grading system (VR scores, relative scores according to the known volumes of the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals). Forty healthy subjects were included and compared to 51 definite MD ears of 50 patients while analyzing the ET-ECochG, which used a self-made bronze foil electrode. The amplitude ratio of the summating potential (SP) to the action potential (AP) (SP/AP) and the area ratio of SP to AP (Asp/Aap) were collected. Relative ELH grade scores were then correlated to ET-ECochG (SP/AP, Asp/Aap).Results: The VR scores showed a better correlation (r = 0.88) with the pure tone average (PTA), disease duration, and vertigo frequency of MD than the Bernaerts scores (grading the cochlea and vestibule separately) (r = 0.22). The SP/AP and Asp/Aap of the unilateral MD patients were statistically comparable to those measured in contralateral ears and the results between the definite MD ears with healthy ears were statistically comparable (p &lt; 0.05). In a ROC analysis Asp/Aap (area under curve, AUC 0.98) significantly (p = 0.01) outperformed SP/AP (AUC 0.91). The total score of ELH, vestibular ELH, and cochlear ELH were also correlated with SP/AP and Asp/Aap. The strongest correlation was found between the Asp/Aap and cochlear ELH (r = 0.60).Conclusion: The 2D volume-referencing grading system was more meaningful than the Bernaerts scores. A correlation was found between ELH revealed by 3D-FLAIR MRI and the SP/AP of ET-ECochG in evaluating definite MD patients. The Asp/Aap appeared a more sensitive and reliable parameter than SP/AP for diagnosing the ELH of the membranous labyrinth.
Identification of Immune-Related lncRNA Signature to Predict Prognosis and Immunotherapeutic Efficiency in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Zhang Lianghao , Li Longqing , Zhan Yonghao , Wang Jiange , Zhu Zhaowei , Zhang Xuepei 
Published: January 2021

PurposeIdentify immune-related lncRNA (IRL) signature related to the prognosis and immunotherapeutic efficiency for bladder cancer (BLCA) patients.MethodsA total of 397 samples, which contained RNA-seq and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, were used for the following study. Then the Lasso penalized Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to construct prognostic signature. According to the optimal cut-off value determined by time-dependent ROC curve, low and high-risk groups were set up. One immunotherapy microarray dataset as validation set was used to verify the ability of predicting immunotherapy efficacy. Furthermore, more evaluation between two risk groups related clinical factors were conducted. Finally, external validation of IRL-signature was conducted in Zhengzhou cohort.ResultFour IRLs (HCP5, IPO5P1, LINC00942, and LINC01356) with significant prognostic value (P&lt;0.05) were distinguished. This signature can accurately predict the overall survival of BLCA patients and was verified in the immunotherapy validation set. IRL-signatures can be used as independent prognostic risk factor in various clinical subgroups. According to the results of GSVA and MCP algorithm, we found that IRL-signature risk score is strikingly negative correlated with tumor microenvironment (TME) CD8+T cells and Cytotoxic lymphocytes infiltration, indicating that the better prognosis and immunotherapy might be caused partly by these. Then, the results from the TIDE analysis revealed that IRL could efficiently predict the response of immunotherapy in BLCA. External validation had similar results with TCGA-BLCA cohort.ConclusionsThe novel IRL-signature has a significant prognostic value for BLCA patients might facilitate predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Analysis of CK5/6 and EGFR and Its Effect on Prognosis of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Zhen , Liu Lei , Li Ying , Song Zi’an , Jing Yi , Fan Ziyu , Zhang Sheng 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered to be higher grade, more aggressive and have a poorer prognosis than other types of breast cancer. Discover biomarkers in TNBC for risk stratification and treatments that improve prognosis are in dire need.MethodsClinical data of 195 patients with triple negative breast cancer confirmed by pathological examination and received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) were collected. The expression levels of EGFR and CK5/6 were measured before and after NAC, and the relationship between EGFR and CK5/6 expression and its effect on prognosis of chemotherapy was analyzed.ResultsThe overall response rate (ORR) was 86.2% and the pathological complete remission rate (pCR) was 29.2%. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cT (clinical Tumor stages) stage was an independent factor affecting chemotherapy outcome. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed pCR, chemotherapy effect, ypT, ypN, histological grades, and post- NAC expression of CK5/6 significantly affected prognosis. The prognosis of CK5/6-positive patients after NAC was worse than that of CK5/6-negative patients (p=0.036). Changes in CK5/6 and EGFR expression did not significantly affect the effect of chemotherapy, but changes from positive to negative expression of these two markers are associated with a tendency to improve prognosis.ConclusionFor late-stage triple negative breast cancer patients receiving NAC, patients who achieved pCR had a better prognosis than those with non- pCR. Patients with the change in expression of EGFR and CK5/6 from positive to negative after neoadjuvant chemotherapy predicted a better prognosis than the change from negative to positive group.
Genetic and Non-genetic Factors Contributing to the Significant Variation in the Plasma Trough Concentration-to-Dose Ratio of Valproic Acid in Children With Epilepsy
Authors: Xu Ze-Yue , Guo Hong-Li , Li Ling , Zhang Min , Jing Xia , Xu Ze-Jun , Qiu Jin-Chun , Lu Xiao-Peng , Ding Xuan-Sheng , Chen Feng , Xu Jing 
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the potential genetic and non-genetic factors contributing to plasma trough concentration-to-dose (C0/D) ratio of valproic acid (VPA) in pediatric patients with epilepsy.Study Design: A single-center, retrospective cohort study was performed by collecting data from 194 children aged 1–14 years between May 2018 and November 2018. The oral solution (n = 135) group and the sustained-release (SR) tablet group (n = 59) were defined, and the plasma VPA C0 was measured. Twenty-six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were chosen for genotyping with the MassARRAY system. A multiple logistic regression model was used for data analysis.Results: Body weight (BW) and age were positively correlated with the C0/D ratio in 194 patients, but the positive correlation disappeared after the patients were divided into oral solution and SR tablet subgroups. The average C0/D ratio was significantly increased by 2.11-fold (P = 0.000) in children who took VPA SR tablets compared with children who were administered VPA oral solutions. No significant association between genetic variants and the C0/D ratio was found, even for the five well-studied SNPs, namely UGT2B7 G211T, C802T, C161T, T125C, and CYP2C9*3 A1075C. However, a significant association between the C0/D ratio and UGT1A6/9 Del&gt;A (rs144486213) was observed in the VPA oral solution group, but not in the VPA SR tablet group.Conclusions: The dosage forms of sodium valproate, rather than BW, age, or genetic polymorphisms, significantly affected the VPA C0/D ratios in pediatric patients with epilepsy. Based on our findings, switching the dosage form between solution and SR tablet should be performed cautiously. Total daily dose adjustment should be considered, and the plasma concentration, seizure-control effect, and adverse drug reaction should also be monitored very closely.
Immunomodulatory Effect of Colistin and its Protective Role in Rats with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced Pneumonia
Authors: Niu Hui , Yang Tianli , Wang Jin , Wang Rui , Cai Yun 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Colistin is the last resort of antimicrobials against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Previous studies in Caenorhabditis elegans and macrophages of rats have suggested that colistin possesses the immunomodulatory properties by acting p38/MAPK pathway. Here, we aimed to confirm the immunomodulatory role of colistin in animal models.Methods: Rat model of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-induced pneumonia was established. Plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, quantitative bacteriology, histology and immunohistochemistry of lungs were assessed to compare the immunomodulatory properties of colistin pre-administration.Results: The numbers of white blood cells and granulocytes were significantly increased in the 9 mg/kg colistin pre-administration group at 72 h after infection. Levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in plasma after colistin pre-administration were lower compared with the infected group without treatment. Colistin pre-treatment resulted in lower bacterial counts, a dramatic decrease of cytokines and improved histopathological injury in infected lung tissues compared with the untreated animals. However, p38/MAPK inhibitor SB203580 did not fully block the above-mentioned effects caused by colistin.Conclusion: Pre-administration of colistin could attenuate an excessive inflammatory reaction and protect the lungs from MRSA-associated damages. However, these effects could not be reversed by blocking the p38/MAPK pathway alone. Collectively, the mechanism underlying the immunoregulatory effects of colistin in mammals needs to be further explored.
Volumetric Deficit Within the Fronto-Limbic-Striatal Circuit in First-Episode Drug Naïve Patients With Major Depression Disorder
Authors: Zhang Yiran , Yang Yun , Zhu Licheng , Zhu Qing , Jia Yuxi , Zhang Lan , Peng Qinmu , Wang Jiazheng , Liu Jia , Fan Wenliang , Wang Jing 
Published: January 2021

Background: Depression is a major psychiatric disorder and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Previous evidence suggested certain pattern of structural alterations were induced by major depression disorder (MDD) with heterogeneity due to patients' clinical characteristics and proposed that early impairment of fronto-limbic-striatal circuit was involved. Yet the hypothesis couldn't be replicated fully. Accordingly, this study aimed to validate this hypothesis in a new set of first-episode, drug naïve MDD patients and further explore the neuroimaging biomarker of illness severity using whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM).Materials and Methods: A total of 93 participants, 30 patients with first-episode medication-naïve MDD, and 63 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. VBM was applied to analyze differences in the gray matter volume (GMV) between these two groups. The correlation between the GMV of the identified brain regions and the severity of clinical symptoms quantified by the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) was further conducted in the post-hoc analysis to confirm the role of GMV structural alteration in clinical symptoms.Results: Our results revealed that the brain gray matter volume of the prefrontal lobe, limbic system, striatum, cerebellum, temporal lobe, and bilateral lingual gyri were significantly decreased in MDD patients compared with healthy controls. Besides, the HAMD scores were negatively correlated with GMV of the right insula and positively correlated with that of the right lingual gyrus.Conclusions: Our findings provide robust evidence that gray matter structural abnormalities within the prefronto-limbic-striatal circuit are implicated in the pathophysiology of MDD at an early stage without confounding influence of medication status. Besides, our data suggest that the cerebellum, lingual gyrus, and fusiform gyrus should also be integrated into the brain alterations in MDD. Future synthesis of individual neuroimaging studies and more advanced statistical analysis comparing subfields of the aforementioned regions are warranted to further shed light on the neurobiology of the disease and assist in the diagnosis of this burdensome disorder.
Perspectives of ESCAPE-Pain Programme for Older People With Knee Osteoarthritis in the Community Setting
Authors: Che Hasan Muhammad Kamil , Stanmore Emma , Todd Chris 
Published: January 2021

Background: Functional limitationscommonly affect patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) which reduces quality of life. The Enabling Self-management and Coping with Arthritic Pain using Exercise (ESCAPE-pain) is an evidence-based programme identified to be suitable for adaptation for the Malaysian health care system. It is important to understand the acceptance from a sociocultural context of the ESCAPE-pain programme from the perspectives of patients with knee OA and healthcare professionals. This qualitative study aims to explore the perspectives of stakeholders to inform the adaptation of the ESCAPE-pain programme into the Malaysian health care system.Method: Semi-structured interviews using interview guides were conducted with 18 patients with knee OA and 14 healthcare professionals including nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, medical doctors, and orthopedic surgeons. The data were transcribed and analyzed using framework analysis.Results: The findings show that patients and healthcare professionals positively accept the programme into their daily living activities and recommend some modifications related to the Malaysian context. This study also highlights strategies to adopt when providing ESCAPE-pain to patients with knee OA.Conclusion: The findings reveal how sociocultural considerations could facilitate uptake and engagement with the ESCAPE-pain programme for home exercise among patients with knee osteoarthritis. These findings may benefit t patients with knee OA in the Malaysian healthcare system, although future research is recommended.
Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck: A Retrospective Review and Current Opinion
Authors: Pincet Laurence , Lambercy Karma , Pasche Philippe , Broome Martin , Latifyan Sofiya , Reinhard Antoine 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Head and Neck Mucosal Melanoma (HNMM) is an uncommon malignancy that arises in decreasing order in the nasal cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the oral cavity. Although radical surgery followed by eventual radiotherapy is acknowledged as the mainstay treatment, patients with advanced stages or multi-focal tumors benefit from new systemic therapies. We wish to share our experience with these treatments and review the current literature.Materials and Methods: We present a case review of every patient treated in our center for an HNMM over the past 10 years, including every patient treated in our center for an HNMM over the past 10 years. We analyzed clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes.Results: We included eight patients aged from 62 to 85 years old. We found six MM in the nasal cavity, one in the sphenoidal sinus, and one in the piriform sinus. Six patients underwent endoscopic surgery with negative margins, six underwent radiotherapy with variable modalities. Immunotherapy or targeted therapy was given in cases extensive tumors without the possibility of a surgical treatment or in two patient as an adjuvant treatment after R0 surgery. The three-year overall survival was 50%, and three patients (37.5%) are in remission.Conclusions: HNMM is associated with poor oncologic outcomes regarding the concerned patients of our review, as reported in the literature. New treatments such as immunotherapies or targeted therapies have not significantly changed the prognosis, but they may offer new interesting perspectives.Our small series of cases seems to confirm that surgical resection with negative margins improves overall survival.
اثر قانون فاتكا الامريكي على الالتزام بالسرية المصرفية في العراق
Authors: جاسم اسيل باقر 
Published: January 2021

يعد الامتثال الضريبي واحد من اهم البرامج التي تسعى الدول الى تنفيذها من اجل مواجهة التهرب الضريبي، وقد اقر الكونغرس الامريكي قانونا ضمنت حكومة الولايات المتحدة الامريكية من خلاله مكافحة التهرب الضريبي لمواطنيها المقيمين في خارج حدودها الاقليمية، حيث اصدرت في عام 2013 قانون الامتثال الضريبي للحسابات الامريكية الخارجية والذي يطلق عليه اختصار قانون فاتكا اختصارا لعبارة: (foreign Account Tax Compliance Act).وتتجسد فكرة القانون المذكور في التزام المصارف في الدول التي تقوم بعقد مذكرة تفاهم مع الحكومة الامريكية بالإفصاح الى مصلحة الضرائب الامريكية عن تفاصيل الحسابات المصرفية لزبائنها من الاشخاص الطبيعيين والمعنويين ليتسنى لحكومة الولايات المتحدة الامريكية وتحديدا مصلحة الضرائب ووزارة الخزانة وتوثيق تلك الحسابات عند فرض الضرائب على دخول اصحابها لاحقا ان كانوا مشمولين بالتكليف الضريبي وفقا للقوانين الامريكية النافذة. وما تقدم يتضمن قدر من التقاطع مع التزام المصارف بالحفاظ على سرية حسابات عملاءهم، وهو ما يسمى بالالتزام بالسرية المصرفية الذي يعد من ابرز التزامات المصارف ازاء عملاءها. وبالنظر لكون العراق قد ابرم مذكرة تفاهم مع حكومة الولايات المتحدة الامريكية التزم بموجبها بأحكام قانون فاتكا ودخل القانون المذكور حيز النفاذ في 30/يونيو – حزيران /2014، لذلك يأتي هذا البحث لدراسة احكام القانون المذكور والية تطبيقه في العراق، ومدى تعارضه مع التزام المؤسسات المالية والمصرفية بالحفاظ على سرية حسابات عملاءها .