bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-Emargence of Susceptibility to Conventional First Line Drugs in Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi a Isolated from Enteric Fever Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Northern Bangladesh.
Authors: Suman Maiz Ul Ahad , Siddique Md Abdullah , Shamsuzzaman SM , Khandakar Abu Rayhan 
Published: February 2021

Enteric fever is endemic in Bangladesh and involves significant health care cost. The first-line drugs chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole have not been the part of empirical therapy for decades due to development of multidrug resistant Salmonella strains. The objective of this study was to determine the antibiogram pattern of Salmonella strains isolated from the blood of clinically suspected enteric fever patients. A cross sectional study was conducted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital & Dhaka Medical College from August 2014 to July 2015. Total 323 blood samples were collected from suspected enteric fever patients and isolation rate of Salmonella was 9.29% [S.typhi (3.41%), and S.paratyphi A (5.88%)]. Among isolated S.typhi, 9.09% were resistant to chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and cefixime and there were no S.typhi resistant to azithromycin and cefotaxime. Among the isolated S.paratyphi A, 5.26% were resistant to chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, azithromycin, cefotaxime, and cefixime. There were no ceftriaxone resistant Salmonella. Low proportion of resistance to first line antibiotics (chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole) suggests that these drugs can be used once again.
Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2017; 11 (1): 3-5
Pattern of Aerobic bacterial infections in Nephrotic children
Authors: Easin Saima , Muazzam Naima , Shamsuzzaman SM , Sarker Moushumi , Chowdhury Akhtaruzzaman 
Published: February 2021

100 nephrotic children were studied in the Microbiology Department of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from January to December/ 2004. The mean age was 5.4 years (range 1-15 yrs.), 68 were male and the rest 32 were female. All children were diagnosed case of nephrotic syndrome having International Study of Kidney Diseases in Children (ISKDC) criteria with normal renal functions. The patients were monitored clinically presented with any infections as a complication of nephrotic syndrome and investigations were carried out accordingly. 59 patients were found to have various types of infections. Urinary tract infection (UTI) was the commonest and seen in 50 patients. Peritonitis and cellulitis were present in two patients each. The most common isolated organism was E.coli and Pseudomonas in urine. E.coli was mostly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin but resistant to Ceftriaxone. Pseudomonas was mostly resistant to ceftriaxone but susceptible to imipenem.
Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2017; 11 (1): 19-22
Role of Urinary Calcium and Creatinine Ratio in Assessing Bone Resorption in Lepromatous Leprosy
Authors: Akhter Saima , Jaigirdar Md Qamrul Hassan , Mahmud Md Mostaque , Haque Shawana , Habib Rahat Bin 
Published: February 2021

Bony changes in lepromatous leprosy are one of the causes of deformity and disability. Fasting calcium and creatinine ratio in urine is used as a bone resorption marker in a number of diseases such as hyperthyroidism, osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, paget’s disease and sarcodosis. In lepromatous leprosy assessment of bone resorption might be done with that marker. To assess the role of fasting urinary calcium and creatinine ratio as a marker of bone resorption in patients with lepromatous leprosy. A case control study was conducted on 28 patients diagnosed as lepromatous leprosy and 28 age-matched healthy control. The participants who fulfilled all inclusion and exclusion criteria were studied by measuring fasting urinary calcium and creatinine level as well as observing X-rays of both hands and feet of affected individuals. The mean age of cases 38.1±14.2 years and 38.9±12.9 years was in control group. Male - female ratio was 3.6: 1. It was observed that 10.7% leprosy patients showed urinary Ca/Cr ratio >0.20 (0.13±0.12) and 10.7% healthy control showed urinary Ca/Cr ratio ratio>0.20 (mean ±SD 0.11±0.7). the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). X-ray finding was positive in 14.3% leprosy patients and none of the control group. That difference was not significant statistically (p>0.05). there was no relation between raised urinary Ca/Cr ratio and positive findings of bone resorption on x-rays among the leprosy cases.
Bangladesh Med J. 2019 Sep; 48 (3): 28-33
INVESTIGATING LEARNERSâ€™ OBSTACLES IN SECOND LANGUAGE READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Sahmadan Safrudin , Ajam Ali 
Published: February 2021

Skill in reading texts written in English as a foreign language constitutes a fundamental element of the establishment of English curriculum in Indonesia. The aim of this article is to investigate and explore the obstacles and difficulties faced by Indonesians in their learning activities which hampering the learners in gaining comprehension, and to view the pedagogy from the broader perspective on the theories of reading process. As the writer found, the learners are lack of language system understanding, lack of reading strategies, poor in recognizing the types of reading comprehension. Therefor, through literary study as the research method, the Â result appeared that the obstacles and problems faced by the Indonesian affected by cultural background, English teaching and learning process, and approaches in teaching and learning.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA TENTANG MENULIS PERMULAAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA KARTU KATA PADA SISWA KELAS SDN BAJO
Authors: Saleh Hadijah M , Abdullah Suhardi 
Published: February 2021

The research objectives consist of (1) Increasing prewriting activity through words card at 3rd grade of SDNegeri Bajo and (2) Increasing students prewriting activities through word cards. There were 22 students became the respondents of this reearch and this research used quantitative and qualitative approach with classroom action research (CAR). The result of this research showed that there was significant difference between 1st cycle and 2nd cycle showed up that there were positive and negatively reacting respond by the students. In using word cards media showed that students were more enjoyable in learning process. Based on the research result of learning foundout that 7,1 % average. It is proved that card words media could improved students competence in learning prewriting in cycle one with categorize suficiently. While in the second cycle became 19 students passed attend their evaluation or 19 students of 20 students, thus the percentage reach 95 %. Based on the second cycle of the research, the researcher assumed that the students prewriting competence through word cards increase atÂ 3rd grade of SDNegeri Bajo.
STUDENTSâ€™ COMPETENCE IN CRITICAL READING
Authors: Diman Hardianti , Jusnita Naniek , Dahlan Suratman , Daud Abd. Halim 
Published: February 2021

The objectives of this research is to know studentsâ€™ competence in critical reading at the fourth semester students of English Language Education Study Program, Khairun University consisting of 20 students who were selected by using purposive sampling technique. The researcherÂ applied quantitative descriptive method and analyzed the data by using critical reading rubric. From the data analyzed, the data showed nine students was categorized good. Ten students was categorized fair and one students was categorized poor. The analysis of questions the data showed that studentsâ€™ got highest average score 56 on the question number eigh as categorized fair.Â So, it can be concluded the studentsâ€™ fourth semester of Khairun University Ternate have fair competence in critical reading.
Value of clinical laboratory test for early prediction of mortality in patients with COVID-19: the BGM score
Authors: Macías-Muñoz Laura , Wijngaard Robin , González-de la Presa Bernardino , Bedini Jose Luis , Morales-Ruiz Manuel , Jiménez Wladimiro 
Published: February 2021

Background: COVID-19 causes high mortality and long hospitalization periods. The aim of this study was to search for new early prognostic strategies accessible to most health care centers.
Methods: Laboratory results, demographic and clinical data from 500 patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in our study. The data set was split into training and test set prior to generating different multivariate models considering the occurrence of death as the response variable. A final computational method called the BGM score was obtained by combining the previous models and is available as an interactive web application.
Results: The logistic regression model comprising age, creatinine (CREA), D-dimer (DD), C-reactive protein (CRP), platelet count (PLT), and troponin I (TNI) showed a sensitivity of 47.3%, a specificity of 98.7%, a kappa of 0.56, and a balanced accuracy of 0.73. The CART classification tree yielded TNI, age, DD, and CRP as the most potent early predictors of mortality (sensitivity = 68.4%, specificity = 92.5%, kappa = 0.61, and balanced accuracy = 0.80). The artificial neural network including age, CREA, DD, CRP, PLT, and TNI yielded a sensitivity of 66.7%, a specificity of 92.3%, a kappa of 0.54, and a balanced accuracy of 0.79. Finally, the BGM score surpassed the prediction accuracy performance of the independent multivariate models, yielding a sensitivity of 73.7%, a specificity of 96.5%, a kappa of 0.74, and a balanced accuracy of 0.85.
Conclusions: The BGM score may support clinicians in managing COVID-19 patients and providing focused interventions to those with an increased risk of mortality.
FAKTOR FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI GANGGUAN FUNGSIONAL PADA LANSIA YANG MENGALAMI OSTEOARTHRITIS KNEE DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS GAMPING 1
Authors: Fatmawati Veni 
Published: February 2021

Proses penuaan ditandai dengan gejala perubahan fisiologis yang terjadi pada beberapa organ dan sistem. Perubahan yang terjadi menyebabkan perubahan serta penurunan fungsi tubuh untuk melakukan beraktivitas. Seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah lansia terjadi juga peningkatan jumlah dan tingkat kejadian penyakit kronis yang disebabkan oleh penurunan kemampuan fungsi tubuh untuk beradaptasi dengan lingkungan serta kelemahan pada lansia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi gangguan fungsional pada lansia yang mengalami Osteoarthritis Knee Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Gamping 1. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh lansia yang ada di posyandu wilayah kerja Gamping 1. Adapun sampel yang akan digunakan dari populasi tersebut adalah lansia yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yaitu: usia lebih dari 60 tahun, mengeluh nyeri lutut dan bersedia mengikuti program penelitian (menandatangani informed concent). Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian survey analitik. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah formulir WOMAC yang terdiri dari 24 pertanyaan.Hasil; faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi lansia usia 60-70 tahun (38.6%), jenis kelamin yaitu perempuan(89.8%), IMT (obesitas 53.4%), pekerjaan pensiunan (67,0%) dan riwayat trauma (62.5%). kesimpulan: bahwa faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi gangguan fungsional pada lansia yang mengalami osteoarthritis knee di wilayah kerja puskesmas gamping 1 yaitu usia, jenis kelamin, IMT, pekerjaan dan riwayat trauma.
Етнополітика в Україні у 1917-1921 рр.: методологічні аспекти та історичні дискурси
Authors: Ладний Юрій 
Published: February 2021

Публікація присвячена методологічним проблемам та історичним дискурсам дослідження етнонаціональної політики в Україні періоду Української національної революції 1917-1921 рр. Автором наголошується на актуальності та значущості проблеми, яка у сучасній українській історіографії не одержала комплексного компаративного аналізу. В статті наголошується на методах дослідження означеної проблеми, які носять міждисциплінарний характер і ґрунтуються на важливих пізнавальних принципах: науковості, історизму та об’єктивності. Застосування різноманітних загальних і спеціальних методів дозволило автору визначити траєкторію наукового пошуку для реальної реконструкції історичних подій.
High Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Clostridioides difficile Following Extensive Use of Antimicrobials in Hospitalized Patients in Kenya
Authors: Mutai Winnie C. , Mureithi Marianne W. , Anzala Omu , Revathi Gunturu , Kullin Brian , Burugu Magdaline , Kyany’a Cecilia , Odoyo Erick , Otieno Peter , Musila Lillian 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionClostridioides difficile is a neglected pathogen in many African countries as it is generally not regarded as one of the major contributors toward the diarrheal disease burden in the continent. However, several studies have suggested that C. difficile infection (CDI) may be underreported in many African settings. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CDI in hospitalized patients, evaluate antimicrobial exposure, and detect toxin and antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolated C. difficile strains.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 333 hospitalized patients with hospital-onset diarrhoea were selected. The stool samples were collected and cultured on cycloserine-cefoxitin egg yolk agar (CCEY). Isolates were presumptively identified by phenotypic characteristics and Gram stain and confirmed by singleplex real-time PCR (qPCR) assays detecting the species-specific tpi gene, toxin A (tcdA) gene, toxin B (tcdB) gene, and the binary toxin (cdtA/cdtB) genes. Confirmed C. difficile isolates were tested against a panel of eight antimicrobials (vancomycin, metronidazole, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, clindamycin, erythromycin, and ceftriaxone) using E-test strips.ResultsC. difficile was detected in 57 (25%) of diarrheal patients over the age of two, 56 (98.2%) of whom received antimicrobials before the diarrheal episode. Amongst the 71 confirmed isolates, 69 (97.1%) harbored at least one toxin gene. More than half of the toxigenic isolates harbored a truncated tcdA gene. All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, while three isolates (2.1%) were resistant to metronidazole (MIC &gt;32 mg/L). High levels of resistance were observed to rifampicin (65/71, 91.5%), erythromycin (63/71, 88.7%), ciprofloxacin (59/71, 83.1%), clindamycin (57/71, 80.3%), and ceftriaxone (36/71, 50.7.8%). Among the resistant isolates, 61 (85.9%) were multidrug-resistant.ConclusionMultidrug-resistant C. difficile strains were a significant cause of healthcare facility-onset C. difficile infections in patients with prior antimicrobial exposure in this Kenyan hospital.
Serum Level of Transferrin Unique Peptide Is Decreased in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Hu Xizheng , Li Yinghui , Cheng Peng , Wu Anhua , Li Guangyu 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: Free irons are transported into brain tissues by transferrin and play an important role in neuronal/glial cell damage. Lower serum levels of transferrin have been found in patients with ischemic stroke, compared with healthy subjects. In present study, we investigated whether transferrin unique peptide (TF-UP) could be employed as a serum biomarker for brain tissue damage in acute ischemic stroke.Methods: The venous blood samples of 94 ischemic stroke patients and 35 brain tumor-stroke mimics (BT-SM) patients were collected within the first 72 h (Median time 23.25, Interquartile range 60.75) of acute onset in the emergency room. Total TF-UP and total albumin unique peptide (Alb-UP) were identified with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and quantified by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method using labeled reference peptide (LRP) for further analysis.Results: Median ratio of total TF-UP/LRP was 0.85 (Interquartile range, 0.21) in the brain tumor-stroke mimics (BT-SM) group, and 0.45 (0.14) in the ischemic stroke group; median Alb-UP/LRP ratio was 0.66 (0.16) in the BT-SM group, and 0.55 (0.20) in the ischemic stroke group. The overall trend from low to high levels was statistically significant for TF-UP/LRP (P &lt; 0.0001), but not for Alb-UP/LRP (P = 0.1667). According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.9565 and the optimal cutoff value of serum TF-UP was 0.6317, which yielded a sensitivity of 91.49% and a specificity of 88.57%. The odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of serum TF-UP/LRP was 83.31 (23.43, 296.22, P &lt; 0.0001).Conclusions: Serum TF-UP/LRP level is decreased in patients with acute ischemic stroke in comparison with brain tumor, and it may serve as a serum biomarker for the neuronal/glial cell damage in cerebral infarction.
Daily Morning Blue Light Therapy for Post-mTBI Sleep Disruption: Effects on Brain Structure and Function
Authors: Raikes Adam C. , Dailey Natalie S. , Forbeck Brittany , Alkozei Anna , Killgore William D. S. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) are associated with novel or worsened sleep disruption. Several studies indicate that daily morning blue light therapy (BLT) is effective for reducing post-mTBI daytime sleepiness and fatigue. Studies demonstrating changes in brain structure and function following BLT are limited. The present study's purpose is to identify the effect of daily morning BLT on brain structure and functional connectivity and the association between these changes and self-reported change in post-mTBI daytime sleepiness.Methods: A total of 62 individuals recovering from a mTBI were recruited from two US cities to participate in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Eligible individuals were randomly assigned to undergo 6 weeks of 30 min daily morning blue or placebo amber light therapy (ALT). Prior to and following treatment all individuals completed a comprehensive battery that included the Epworth Sleepiness Scale as a measure of self-reported daytime sleepiness. All individuals underwent a multimodal neuroimaging battery that included anatomical and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Atlas-based regional change in gray matter volume (GMV) and region-to-region functional connectivity from baseline to post-treatment were the primary endpoints for this study.Results: After adjusting for pre-treatment GMV, individuals receiving BLT had greater GMV than those receiving amber light in 15 regions of interest, including the right thalamus and bilateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices. Improved daytime sleepiness was associated with greater GMV in 74 ROIs, covering many of the same general regions. Likewise, BLT was associated with increased functional connectivity between the thalamus and both prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices. Improved daytime sleepiness was associated with increased functional connectivity between attention and cognitive control networks as well as decreased connectivity between visual, motor, and attention networks (all FDR corrected p &lt; 0.05).Conclusions: Following daily morning BLT, moderate to large increases in both gray matter volume and functional connectivity were observed in areas and networks previously associated with both sleep regulation and daytime cognitive function, alertness, and attention. Additionally, these findings were associated with improvements in self-reported daytime sleepiness. Further work is needed to identify the personal characteristics that may selectively identify individuals recovering from a mTBI for whom BLT may be optimally beneficial.
Wrist Circumference-Dependent Upper Limit of Normal for the Cross-Sectional Area Is Superior Over a Fixed Cut-Off Value in Confirming the Clinical Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Olde Dubbelink Tom B. G. , De Kleermaeker Floriaan G. C. M. , Beekman Roy , Wijntjes Juerd , Bartels Ronald H. M. A. , Meulstee Jan , Verhagen Wim I. M. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: In confirming the clinical diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), ultrasonography (US) is the recommended first diagnostic test in The Netherlands. One of the most important parameters for an abnormal US result is an increase of the CSA of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel inlet. An earlier study showed that a wrist-circumference dependent cut-off for the upper limit of normal of this CSA might be superior to a fixed cut-off of 11 mm2. In this study we compared three ultrasonography (US) parameters in three large Dutch hospitals.Methods: Patients with a clinical suspicion of CTS and with reasonable exclusion of other causes of their symptoms were prospectively included. A total number of 175 patients were analysed. The primary goal was to compare the number of wrists with an abnormal US result while using a fixed cut-off of 11 mm2 (FC), a wrist circumference-dependent cut-off (y = 0.88 * x−4, where y = ULN and x = wrist circumference in centimetres; abbreviated as WDC), and an intraneural flow related cut-off (IFC).Results: The WDC considered more US examinations to be abnormal (55.4%) than the FC (50.3%) did, as well as the IFC (46.9%), with a statistically significant difference of p = 0.035 and p = 0.001, respectively. The WDC detected 12 abnormal median nerves while the FC did not, and 18 while the IFC did not. The wrist circumference of the patients of these subgroups turned out to be significantly smaller (p &lt; 0.001) when compared with the rest of the group.Conclusion: According to these study results, the wrist-circumference dependent cut-off value for the CSA of the median nerve at the wrist appears to have a higher sensitivity than either a fixed cut-off value of 11 mm2 or cut-off values based on intraneural flow, and may add most value in patients with a smaller wrist circumference.
Predictive Factors for Positive Surgical Margins in Patients With Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Lijin , Zhao Hu , Wu Bin , Zha Zhenlei , Yuan Jun , Feng Yejun 
Published: February 2021

Background and ObjectivesPrevious studies have demonstrated that positive surgical margins (PSMs) were independent predictive factors for biochemical and oncologic outcomes in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to identify the predictive factors for PSMs after radical prostatectomy (RP).MethodsWe selected eligible studies via the electronic databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE, from inception to December 2020. The risk factors for PSMs following RP were identified. The pooled estimates of standardized mean differences (SMDs)/odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. A fixed effect or random effect was used to pool the estimates. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the reasons for heterogeneity.ResultsTwenty-seven studies including 50,014 patients with PCa were eligible for further analysis. The results showed that PSMs were significantly associated with preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (pooled SMD = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.31–0.43; P &lt; 0.001), biopsy Gleason Score (&lt;6/≥7) (pooled OR = 1.53; 95% CI:1.31–1.79; P &lt; 0.001), pathological Gleason Score (&lt;6/≥7) (pooled OR = 2.49; 95% CI: 2.19–2.83; P &lt; 0.001), pathological stage (&lt;T2/≥T3) (pooled OR = 3.90; 95% CI: 3.18–4.79; P &lt; 0.001), positive lymph node (PLN) (pooled OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 2.28–4.27; P &lt; 0.001), extraprostatic extension (EPE) (pooled OR = 4.44; 95% CI: 3.25–6.09; P &lt; 0.001), and seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) (pooled OR = 4.19; 95% CI: 2,87–6.13; P &lt; 0.001). However, we found that age (pooled SMD = 0.01; 95% CI: −0.07–0.10; P = 0.735), body mass index (BMI) (pooled SMD = 0.12; 95% CI: −0.05–0.30; P = 0.162), prostate volume (pooled SMD = −0.28; 95% CI: −0.62–0.05; P = 0.097), and nerve sparing (pooled OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.71–1.14; P = 0.388) had no effect on PSMs after RP. Besides, the findings in this study were found to be reliable by our sensitivity and subgroup analyses.ConclusionsPreoperative PSA, biopsy Gleason Score, pathological Gleason Score, pathological stage, positive lymph node, extraprostatic extension, and seminal vesicle invasion are independent predictors of PSMs after RP. These results may helpful for risk stratification and individualized therapy in PCa patients.