bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leukotoxin (LtxA/Leukothera) induces ATP expulsion via pannexin-1 channels and subsequent cell death in malignant lymphocytes
Authors: Prince Derek J. , Patel Deendayal , Kachlany Scott C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLeukotoxin (LtxA) (Trade name, Leukothera) is a protein that is secreted from the oral bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, which targets and kills activated white blood cells (WBCs) by binding to lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1). Interaction between LtxA and Jurkat T-cells results in cell death and is characterized by increased intracellular Ca2+, activation of caspases, clustering of LtxA and LFA-1 within lipid rafts, and involvement of the Fas death receptor. Here, we show that LtxA can kill malignant lymphocytes via apoptotic and necrotic forms of cell death. We show that LtxA causes activation of caspases and PARP, cleavage of pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels, and expulsion of ATP, ultimately leading to cell death via apoptosis and necrosis. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated knockout (K/O) of Panx1 in Jurkat cells prevented ATP expulsion and resulted in resistance to LtxA for both apoptotic and necrotic forms of death. Resistance to necrosis could only be overcome when supplementing LtxA with endogenous ATP (bzATP). The combination of LtxA and bzATP promoted only necrosis, as no Panx1 K/O cells stained positive for phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure following the combined treatment. Inhibition of LtxA/bzATP-induced necrosis was possible when pretreating Jurkat cells with oATP, a P2X7R antagonist. Similarly, blockage of P2X7Rs with oATP prevented the intracellular mobilization of Ca2+, an important early step in LtxA induced cell death. We show that LtxA is able to kill malignant lymphocytes through an apoptotic death pathway which is potentially linked to a Panx1/P2X7R mediated necrotic form of death. Thus, inhibition of ATP release appears to significantly delay the onset of LtxA induced apoptosis while completely disabling the necrotic death pathway in T-lymphocytes, demonstrating the crucial role of ATP release in LtxA-mediated cell death.
A novel method for extraction, quantification, and identification of microplastics in CreamType of cosmetic products
Authors: Lee Soohyun , Lee Tai Gyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to develop an accessible and accurate analysis method for microplastics that have been unintentionally added to cream cosmetic products. An experiment was performed on three cleansing creams in rich and viscous formulations. A spiked sample was prepared by adding polyethylene (PE) microspheres to the cleansing creams. After removing cosmetic ingredients from the creams using chemical digestion, damage to the PE microspheres was identified using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images were obtained before and after digestion and used to characterize the morphology of the PE microspheres. The highest digestion efficiency was obtained using a chemical digestion method consisting of heating and stirring a sample in a 10 wt% KOH solution at 55 °C and 300 rpm for 5 days and did not damage the PE microspheres. The Nile red (9-diethylamino-5H-benzo[α]phenoxazine-5-one) staining method was effective in identifying small microplastics (< 106 μm). The optimal staining conditions are 5 μg/ml Nile red in n-hexane for green wavelengths.
Frequency and polarization emission properties of a photon-pair source based on a photonic crystal fiber
Authors: De la Torre-Robles Daniel , Dominguez-Serna Francisco , Osorio Gisell Lorena , U’Ren Alfred B. , Bermudez David , Garay-Palmett Karina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, we experimentally demonstrate a photon-pair source with correlations in the frequency and polarization degrees of freedom. We base our source on the spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) process in a photonic crystal fiber. We show theoretically that the two-photon state is the coherent superposition of up to six distinct SFWM processes, each corresponding to a distinct combination of polarizations for the four waves involved and giving rise to an energy-conserving pair of peaks. Our experimental measurements, both in terms of single and coincidence counts, confirm the presence of these pairs of peaks, while we also present related numerical simulations with excellent experiment-theory agreement. We explicitly show how the pump frequency and polarization may be used to effectively control the signal-idler photon-pair properties, defining which of the six processes can participate in the overall two-photon state and at which optical frequencies. We analyze the signal-idler correlations in frequency and polarization, and in terms of fiber characterization, we input the SFWM-peak experimental data into a genetic algorithm which successfully predicts the values of the parameters that characterize the fiber cross section, as well as predict the particular SFWM process associated with a given pair of peaks. We believe our work will help advance the exploitation of photon-pair correlations in the frequency and polarization degrees of freedom.
Continued need for non-pharmaceutical interventions after COVID-19 vaccination in long-term-care facilities
Authors: Love Jay , Keegan Lindsay T. , Angulo Frederick J. , McLaughlin John M. , Shea Kimberly M. , Swerdlow David L. , Samore Matthew H. , Toth Damon J. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLong-term care facilities (LTCFs) bear disproportionate burden of COVID-19 and are prioritized for vaccine deployment. LTCF outbreaks could continue occurring during vaccine rollout due to incomplete population coverage, and the effect of vaccines on viral transmission are currently unknown. Declining adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against within-facility transmission could therefore limit the effectiveness of vaccination. We built a stochastic model to simulate outbreaks in LTCF populations with differing vaccination coverage and NPI adherence to evaluate their interacting effects. Vaccination combined with strong NPI adherence produced the least morbidity and mortality. Healthcare worker vaccination improved outcomes in unvaccinated LTCF residents but was less impactful with declining NPI adherence. To prevent further illness and deaths, there is a continued need for NPIs in LTCFs during vaccine rollout.
Seedbank persistence and emergence pattern of Argemone mexicana, Rapistrum rugosum and Sonchus oleraceus in the eastern grain region of Australia
Authors: Manalil Sudheesh , Chauhan Bhagirath Singh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA thorough understanding of the emergence pattern and persistence of weed seeds is a prerequisite in framing appropriate weed management options for noxious weeds. In a study conducted at the University of Queensland, Australia, the emergence and seed persistence behavior of three major weeds Sonchus oleraceous, Rapistrum rugosum, and Argemone mexicana were explored with seeds collected from Gatton and St George, Queensland, Australia, with an average annual rainfall of 760 and 470 mm, respectively. Seed persistence was evaluated by placing seeds at the surface layer (0 cm) or buried at 2 and 10 cm depths enclosed in nylon mesh bags and examined their viability for 42 months. In another study, the emergence pattern of four populations, each from these two locations, was evaluated under a rainfed environment in trays. In the mesh-bag study, rapid depletion of seed viability of S. oleraceous from the surface layer (within 18 months) and lack of seed persistence beyond two years from 2 and 10 cm depths were observed. In trays, S. oleraceous germinated 3 months after seeding in response to summer rains and there was progressive germination throughout the winter season reaching cumulative germination ranging from 22 to 29% for all the populations. In the mesh-bag study, it took about 30 months for the viability of seeds of R. rugosum to deplete at the surface layer and a proportion of seeds (5 to 13%) remained viable at 2 and 10 cm depths even at 42 months. Although fresh seeds of R. rugosum exhibit dormancy imposed due to the hard seed coat, a proportion of seeds germinated during the summer months in response to summer rains. Rapid loss of seed viability was observed for A. mexicana from the surface layer; however, more than 30% of the seeds were persistent at 2 and 10 cm depths at 42 months. Notably, poor emergence was observed for A. mexicana in trays and that was mostly confined to the winter season.
Blunted cardiovascular reactivity may serve as an index of psychological task disengagement in the motivated performance situations
Authors: Behnke Maciej , Hase Adrian , Kaczmarek Lukasz D. , Freeman Paul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChallenge and threat models predict that once individuals become engaged with performance, their evaluations and cardiovascular response determine further outcomes. Although the role of challenge and threat in predicting performance has been extensively tested, few studies have focused on task engagement. We aimed to investigate task engagement in performance at the psychological and physiological levels. We accounted for physiological task engagement by examining blunted cardiovascular reactivity, the third possible cardiovascular response to performance, in addition to the challenge/threat responses. We expected that low psychological task engagement would be related to blunted cardiovascular reactivity during the performance. Gamers (N = 241) completed five matches of the soccer video game FIFA 19. We recorded psychological task engagement, heart rate reactivity, and the difference between goals scored and conceded. Lower psychological task engagement was related to blunted heart rate reactivity during the performance. Furthermore, poorer performance in the previous game was related to increased task engagement in the subsequent match. The findings extend existing literature by providing initial evidence that blunted cardiovascular reactivity may serve as the index of low task engagement.
Bivalent ligands promote endosomal trafficking of the dopamine D3 receptor-neurotensin receptor 1 heterodimer
Authors: Budzinski Julian , Maschauer Simone , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Couvineau Pierre , Vogt Hannah , Gmeiner Peter , Roggenhofer Anna , Prante Olaf , Bouvier Michel , Weikert Dorothee 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBivalent ligands are composed of two pharmacophores connected by a spacer of variable size. These ligands are able to simultaneously recognize two binding sites, for example in a G protein-coupled receptor heterodimer, resulting in enhanced binding affinity. Taking advantage of previously described heterobivalent dopamine-neurotensin receptor ligands, we demonstrate specific interactions between dopamine D3 (D3R) and neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1), two receptors with expression in overlapping brain areas that are associated with neuropsychiatric diseases and addiction. Bivalent ligand binding to D3R-NTSR1 dimers results in picomolar binding affinity and high selectivity compared to the binding to monomeric receptors. Specificity of the ligands for the D3R-NTSR1 receptor pair over D2R-NTSR1 dimers can be achieved by a careful choice of the linker length. Bivalent ligands enhance and stabilize the receptor-receptor interaction leading to NTSR1-controlled internalization of D3R into endosomes via recruitment of β-arrestin, highlighting a potential mechanism for dimer-specific receptor trafficking and signalling.
Selective feeding in Southern Ocean key grazers—diet composition of krill and salps
Authors: Pauli Nora-Charlotte , Metfies Katja , Pakhomov Evgeny A. , Neuhaus Stefan , Graeve Martin , Wenta Philipp , Flintrop Clara M. , Badewien Thomas H. , Iversen Morten H. , Meyer Bettina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOver the past decades, two key grazers in the Southern Ocean (SO), krill and salps, have experienced drastic changes in their distribution and abundance, leading to increasing overlap of their habitats. Both species occupy different ecological niches and long-term shifts in their distributions are expected to have cascading effects on the SO ecosystem. However, studies directly comparing krill and salps are lacking. Here, we provide a direct comparison of the diet and fecal pellet composition of krill and salps using 18S metabarcoding and fatty acid markers. Neither species’ diet reflected the composition of the plankton community, suggesting that in contrast to the accepted paradigm, not only krill but also salps are selective feeders. Moreover, we found that krill and salps had broadly similar diets, potentially enhancing the competition between both species. This could be augmented by salps’ ability to rapidly reproduce in favorable conditions, posing further risks to krill populations.
Historical land use has long-term effects on microbial community assembly processes in forest soils
Authors: Osburn Ernest D , Aylward Frank O , Barrett J E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Land use change has long-term effects on the structure of soil microbial communities, but the specific community assembly processes underlying these effects have not been identified. To investigate effects of historical land use on microbial community assembly, we sampled soils from several currently forested watersheds representing different historical land management regimes (e.g., undisturbed reference, logged, converted to agriculture). We characterized bacterial and fungal communities using amplicon sequencing and used a null model approach to quantify the relative importance of selection, dispersal, and drift processes on bacterial and fungal community assembly. We found that bacterial communities were structured by both selection and neutral (i.e., dispersal and drift) processes, while fungal communities were structured primarily by neutral processes. For both bacterial and fungal communities, selection was more important in historically disturbed soils compared with adjacent undisturbed sites, while dispersal processes were more important in undisturbed soils. Variation partitioning identified the drivers of selection to be changes in vegetation communities and soil properties (i.e., soil N availability) that occur following forest disturbance. Overall, this study casts new light on the effects of historical land use on soil microbial communities by identifying specific environmental factors that drive changes in community assembly.
A fuzzy series‐parallel preprocessing (FSPP) based hybrid model for wind forecasting
Authors: Ahmadi Mehrnaz , Khashei Mehdi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWind power is one of the most important renewable energy sources that is widely used in many developed and developing countries. However, it is generally stated in the literature that providing accurate forecasts for large‐scale planning purposes is not a simple task, especially by single models. It is the main reason for this fact that why researchers in recent years have sought to propose hybrid models for increasing the accuracy of predictions. In general, choosing the appropriate type and the number of components, as well as the proper type of hybridization methodology, are the most effective factors in the performance of the developed hybrid models. Although in the literature, numerous attempts have been made in order to answer these questions, there is no general consensus on this matter. For this reason, the main idea of this paper is to concurrently combine different hybrid methodologies as well as different single models in order to benefit from the advantages of these models and methodologies, simultaneously. In this way, three well‐known and widely used hybrid methodologies, including the preprocessing, the series, and the parallel methodologies, are combined together by incorporating the linear/nonlinear and certain/uncertain components. In addition, in the proposed model, a new process is proposed based on the complex/uncertain modelling to model the preprocessing phase residuals, which have been ignored in the modelling procedures. In this way, in the first stage of the proposed model, the data is preprocessed by the Kalman filter as a preprocessing approach in order to divide data into two groups of trend and residual patterns. The trend data provided in the previous step, with the original data, are simultaneously considered input data of an autoregressive integrated moving average as the certain linear model and a multilayer perceptron as the certain nonlinear model for certain linear and nonlinear modeling of patterns. This step is repeated for the residual data by the series hybridization of models in the previous stage by the fuzzy models for the uncertain linear and nonlinear modelIng of patterns. Finally, each component's weight is optimally calculated by the least square algorithm, and then the results are combined together in a parallel process. Empirical results of two benchmarks of wind domain indicate that the proposed method has averagely improved the performance of its component used separately, parallel‐based hybrid models, and series‐based hybrid models 46%, 22%, and 19%, respectively, for predicting wind power time series.
GNSS induced spoofing simulation based on path planning
Authors: Wang Wenyi , Wang Jinming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGlobal navigation satellite Systems (GNSS) are highly susceptible to various interferences because of their inherent vulnerability. In these interferences, induced spoofing is very difficult to be detected because it can gradually drag off the tracking points without unlocking the tracking loops of the attacked receiver and cause the victim to obtain a wrong position and/or time information. Furthermore, it is also very difficult to generate induced spoofing data, including simulation data and real data, to evaluate various induced spoofing detection and suppression algorithms. Existing generation algorithms need to precisely control and adjust many parameters of GNSS simulation software even for simulation data. To address this problem, this study proposes a GNSS‐induced spoofing simulation algorithm based on path planning. First, through given planned paths, the proposed algorithm independently generates the authentic and spoofing signals without changing the parameters of GNSS simulation software. After that, the induced spoofing simulation data are synthesised by only adjusting the powers of authentic and spoofing signals. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by the positioning solutions and the correlation function outputs of the code and carrier tracking loops.
A squid‐inspired swimming robot using folding of origami
Authors: Hu Junfeng , Li Hu , Chen Weilong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOrigami enables the folding of objects into a variety of shapes. This paper presents a swimming robot using the folding and unfolding motion of a tabular origami. A squid‐inspired jet propulsion mechanism is used to design an origami swimming robot. The swimming robot utilizes a pulsed‐jet mechanism through the folding motion of the tubular origami structure, which could deform and undulate to provide propulsion for the swimming robot. The robot is incorporated in a stable body, while both swimming forward and steering are generated by the folding motion of the origami structure and undulating fins. An analytical model to investigate the jet propulsion mechanism to capture the relationship between the motor's speed and the generated thrust is developed. The prototype of the swimming robot is fabricated by 3D printing, and experiments verify the robot's components and assembly system. The results show that the swimming robot could achieve swimming forward by folding origami, which could provide unique advantages over other existing underwater propulsion technologies, including scalability and water treatment capabilities. The origami structure provides a novel and simple propulsion mechanism for the swimming robot here, and the mechanism promotes the development of a new class of independent swimming robots.
Prozedurenspezifische Schmerztherapie – der PROSPECT-Ansatz
Authors: Pogatzki-Zahn Esther M. , Freys Stephan M. 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungAkutschmerztherapie nach operativen oder interventionellen Eingriffen ist ein Pflichtbestandteil im modernen perioperativen Management. Ihr strukturierter Einsatz führt unmittelbar zu einer Verbesserung der Lebensqualität behandelter Patienten, mittelfristig zu einer objektivierbaren Reduktion der Morbidität, langfristig zu einer Verhinderung einer Schmerzchronifizierung und parallel stets auch zu einer darstellbaren ökonomischen Effizienz durch beschleunigte Mobilisation, Verkürzung der Krankenhausverweildauer und Vermeidung komplikationsimmanenter Folgekosten.
Schmerzmanagement im Krankenhaus – aktuelle Praxis, Qualität und Organisation in der nichtoperativen Medizin
Authors: Erlenwein Joachim , Petzke Frank 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungZiel dieses Beitrags ist es, eine Übersicht zur Versorgungssituation und zu den organisatorischen Anforderungen im Rahmen der allgemeinen und spezialisierten innerklinischen schmerzmedizinischen Versorgung nichtoperativer Patienten zu geben.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with liver cirrhosis—the experience of a tertiary center in Germany
Authors: Höner zu Siederdissen Christoph , Schultalbers Marie , Wübbolding Maximilian , Lechte Greta Sophie , Laser Hans , Cornberg Markus , Wedemeyer Heiner , Maasoumy Benjamin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant impact on the medical care of many diseases and has led to reduced presentations to the emergency department. Reduced presentations may be due to overwhelmed capacities of hospitals or collateral damage from fear of infection, lockdown regulations, or other reasons. The effect on patients with liver cirrhosis is not established.
Objective We aim to assess the impact on the care of patients with liver cirrhosis in a tertiary center in Northern Germany.
Methods All patients presenting to the emergency department with a diagnosis of cirrhosis between March 1 and May 31 from 2015–2020 were included. Reasons for presentation, duration of symptoms, the severity of liver disease, and 30-day mortality were assessed and compared between patients presenting during the COVID-19 pandemic and pre-COVID-19.
Results Overall, 235 patients were included. Despite an overall decline in presentations to the emergency department by 11.7%, the frequency of patients presenting with liver cirrhosis has remained stable (non-significant increase by 19.5%). No significant difference could be detected for the MELD score, the CLIF-organ failure subscores, and the 30-day mortality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Up to 75% of patients with liver cirrhosis had symptoms >24 h before presenting to the emergency department.
Conclusion Despite the overall trend of reduced emergency presentations during the COVID-19 pandemic, the frequency of presentations of patients with liver cirrhosis did not decline. Morbidity and mortality were not affected in a setting of disposable healthcare resources. The late presentation to the emergency department in many cirrhotic patients may open opportunities for interventions (i.e., with early telemedicine intervention).