bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective, Clinical Study Evaluating Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction Using the Semitendinosus and Iliotibial Band: 2- to 5-Year Follow up
Authors: Billotti Joseph D , Meese Michael A , Alberta Frank , Zimmerman Mark C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Seventy-three ACL-defident knees were reconstructed using a modified Zarins and Rowe arthroscopic procedure utilizing the semitendinosus tendon and iliotibial band (1TB). Fifty of 73 patients returned for 2- to 5-year follow up. On follow-up visit each patient completed a questionnaire pertaining to subjective results, including level of pain and return to activities. Physical examination included the Lachman test, anterior drawer, pivot shift, and antenor subluxation tests (using the Stryker KT 1000), each graded 0 to 3. All patients have shown a statistically significant improvement between preoperative and postoperative knee scores (P < .0001). According to the knee scoring scale, 34 patients (68%) were clinically rated as excellent, 12 (24%) as good, 4 (8%) as fair, with no poor results. All patients have returned to pre-injury jobs (or school), while most resumed some level of sporting activities. No patients complained of patella femoral symptoms postoperatively. Complications included pain over the staple which was used for fixing the ITB to the tibia, requiring removal in 5 patients. These preliminary results are encouraging, with 92% of the patients rating good to excellent. This modified procedure offers advantages over other procedures, as it is entirely arthroscopic with minimal incisions, does not damage the extensor mechanism, and permits an enhanced rehabilitation program.
Reciprocating Gait Orthosis Powered With Electrical Muscle Stimulation (RGO II). Part II: Medical Evaluation of 70 Paraplegic Patients
Authors: Solomonow M , Reisin E , Aguilar E , Baratta R V , Best R , D'Ambrosia R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Medical evaluation was performed on a group of paraplegics who were trained to walk with the Reciprocating Gait Orthosis powered with electrical muscle stimulation (RGO II). The evaluation included changes in spasticity, cholesterol level, bone metabolism, cardiac output and stroke volume, vital capacity, knee extensors torque, and heart rate at the end of a 30-meter walk. After an average of 14 weeks of training during which patients walked for 3 hours per week, significant reductions in spasticity, total cholesterol and low-density lipids, hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio, and increased knee extensor torque were evident. The data also showed that improvements occurred in the calcium/creatinine ratio, serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels, cardiac output and stroke volume, and vital capacity, yet these improvements were not statistically significant. The final heart rate at the end of a 30-meter walk showed that the RGO II required only a moderate level of exertion, which was found to be the lowest among the other mechanical or muscle stimulation orthoses available to paraplegics. It was concluded that the limited but reasonable level of functional regain provided by the RGO II is associated with a general improvement in the paraplegic's physiological condition if used for a minimum of 3 to 4 hours per week.
Recognizable Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Intramuscular Myxoma
Authors: Schwartz Herbert S , Walker Robert 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Extremity intramuscular myxoma is an uncommon, deep, benign soft-tissue neoplasm. It is characterized clinically by slow growth and minimal symptoms. Resection achieving wide surgical margins is curative. This article presents the imaging characteristics of five extremity Intramuscular myxomas. Images of this benign neoplasm, especially magnetic resonance imaging, are characteristic enough for preoperative recognition. This knowledge can facilitate treatment by avoiding biopsy, permitting primary myectomy, and assisting the pathologist in diagnosing a neoplasm that frequently has overlapping histologic characteristics with other soft-tissue tumors.
Human Articular Cartilage Storage in Cell Culture Medium: Guidelines for Storage of Fresh Osteochondral Allografts
Authors: Sammarco V James , Gorab Robert , Miller Robert , Brooks Peter J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The viability of transplanted articular cartilage is one of the determinants of outcome following the transplantation of osteochondral allografts. Disappointing results from cryopreservation have led to the practice of fresh transplantation of articular segments, especially for posttraumatic defects. To date, no studies have demonstrated in vitro viability rates for refrigerated human cartilage awaiting transplantation. This study evaluates the effects of storage on the viability of human chondrocytes using cell culture medium.
Human articular cartilage obtained from notchplasties was stored for up to 48 hours in cell culture medium. Radioactive 35S-sulfate uptake was determined at 0, 24, and 48 hours, as a measure of protein, synthesis, and chondrocyte viability. Specimens were stored at 4°C in culture medium. Results showed an average decrease in 35S-sutfate uptake of 0.8% at 24 hours and 6.4% at 48 hours, indicating a high level of chondrocyte viability after refrigeration. Because transplantation typically is performed within 24 hours of tissue harvest, it appears that nearly 100% of chondrocytes should survive fresh transplantation.
A New In Vivo Method for the Direct Measurement of Nutrient Artery Blood Flow
Authors: Dunlap James N , Brinker Mark R , Cook Stephen D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A new method of directly measuring nutrient artery blood flow using ultrasonic probes is described. These probes have provided reproducible results in our experiments. Advantages of ultrasonic probes include the direct measurement of blood flow through small arteries, ease of use, accuracy of measurement, applicability to a wide range of vessel diameters, the capability of chronically monitoring blood flow over time using permanently implanted probes, and the ability to use the method in conjunction with previous methods of bone blood flow measurement. The method is limited to the extent that only the contribution of the nutrient artery can be measured and total bone blood flow cannot be assessed. Tibial nutrient arterial flow and cardiac output were measured in adult mongrel dogs. Two experiments were performed: 1 ) bilateral baseline tibial nutrient artery blood flow measurements over time and 2) tibial nutrient blood flow comparing inhaled anesthesia (halothane/nitrous oxide/oxygen) and intravenous anesthesia (pentobarbital [Nembutal]).
In 15 mongrel dogs, tibial nutrient artery blood flow averaged 1 .46 ± 0.72 mL/min (0.09 ± 0.05 percent of cardiac output and 2.75 ± 1.95 mL/min/100 g of bone). No significant difference in tibial nutrient artery blood flow was observed between animals given intravenous and inhaled anesthesia (P>.05). As a basic research tool, transit-time ultrasonic blood flow technology may be useful. The method is relatively easy to use and may be applied to experimental models designed to investigate various physiologic and pathologic states frequently encountered in orthopedics (eg, shock, sepsis, fractures).
Thiazide-Induced Hyponatremia in the Postoperative Total Joint Replacement Patient
Authors: Malin Joel W , Kolstad Kaare , Hozack William J , Rothman Richard H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The thiazide diuretic is a common medication in the elderly population for the treatment of hypertension. These same patients are the largest population for surgical intervention for joint arthroplasty. Postoperative management of these patients has shown to be complicated by hyponatremia associated with the use of thiazide diuretics. This study evaluates a consecutive series of 408 patients undergoing elective joint arthroplasty. An association was found with the use of thiazide diuretics in the preoperative period and the development of postoperative hyponatremia. The study is presented, along with a relevant review of the literature and suggestions for the orthopedic staff to limit the risk of hyponatremia and prolonged hospitalization in an otherwise stable postoperative course.
Effect of a Modified Rectus Tuck on Anterior Segment Circulation in Monkeys
Authors: Wright Kenneth W , Lanier Andrea B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Removal of a rectus muscle results in permanent interruption of blood flow in the corresponding anterior ciliary artery, predisposing to anterior segment ischemia (ASI). A subhuman primate model of ASI was developed in order to study a novel muscle tuck procedure designed to preserve anterior ciliary artery circulation. Fluorescein angiograms were obtained before and after surgery to determine the effect of the muscle surgery on iris circulation. A total of 12 eyes from 12 cynomolgus monkeys underwent strabismus surgery consisting of tenectomy of all 4 rectus muscles in 3 eyes, tenectomy of 3 rectus muscles in 3 eyes, and tenectomy of 3 rectus muscles and muscle to sclera tuck of the remaining recti in 6 eyes. Postoperative angiograms documented preservation of perfusion in the distribution of the tucked muscle in all cases except one, in which there was iatrogenic trauma and disruption of anterior ciliary arteries. The modified tuck procedure thus appears to preserve anterior ciliary artery blood flow, and may be useful as a muscle strengthening procedure in patients predisposed to developing ASI.
Pursuit Eye Movements in Late-Onset Esotropia
Authors: Sokol Samuel , Peli Eli , Moskowitz Anne , Reese David 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Horizontal, smooth pursuit eye movements were recorded from adults and children with infantile and lateonset esotropia using a remote, video-based, eyemovement recording system. Each subject monocularly tracked a 0.5-degree target moving back and forth on a video monitor at a constant velocity of 10°, over a range of 12°. Each subject's nasal and temporal gain (eye velocity/target velocity) was measured. Confirming the results of previous studies, we found that infantile esotropes had asymmetrical pursuit eye movements (nasal gain greater than temporal gain) while late-onset esotropes had symmetrical gains. However, unlike previous investigators, we found that half of the lateonset esotropes had impaired pursuit gain. The magnitude of the pursuit abnormality and the amount of refractive error were correlated - patients with the highest refractive error had the lowest pursuit gain.
Unexpected Good Results After Therapy for Anisometropic Amblyopia Associated With Unilateral Peripapillary Myelinated Nerve Fibers
Authors: Summers C Gail , Romig Lisa , Lavoie Jane D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Unilateral extensive myelination of the peripapillary nerve fibers may be associated with anisometropic myopia, strabismus, and reduced vision. Despite aggressive occlusion of the normal eye, visual results are often disappointing, presumably due to associated structural abnormalities in the macula which limit visual potential. We report two cases, a 21-month-old child and a 23-month-old child with unilateral peripapillary myelination, ipsilateral high myopia, and dense amblyopia. Despite an abnormal macular reflex in each child, vision improved to 20/30 in one child and 20/50 in the other child after occlusion therapy. Visual results in these patients suggest that aggressive amblyopia therapy should be considered in patients with anisometropic amblyopia associated with extensive myelination continuous with the optic nerve. Not all patients with unilateral peripapillary myelinated nerve fibers, an abnormal macula, and myopia will have refractory amblyopia.
The Ocular Changes of Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians (Hypomelanosis of Ito)
Authors: Weaver R Grey , Martin Timothy , Zanolli Michael D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Incontinentia pigmenti achromians is a multisystem hereditary disorder characterized specifically by a whorled or streaked cutaneous hypopigmentation and frequently characterized by numerous neurologic, musculoskeletal, and ocular abnormalities. We present a patient with incontinentia pigmenti achromians in whom the ocular abnormalities included the commonly reported exotropia, myopia, small optic nerve, and hypopigmentation of the fundus, as well as rarely reported corneal asymmetry, pannus, and atropic irides with irregular pupillary margins. The patient also had a cataract in the right eye and a retinal detachment in the left eye.
Testing Stereopsis in the Preschool Child: Is It Clinically Useful?
Authors: Manny Ruth E , Martinez Ana T , Fern Karen D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The evaluation of stereoacuity should provide an unambiguous assessment of binocular function in infants and young children. Unfortunately, clinical measures of stereopsis in these young patients often result in stereothresholds poorer than the criteria suggested to differentiate normal from anomalous binocular vision. Thus, two experiments were conducted to determine whether the large stereothresholds frequently demonstrated on tests designed for young children are diagnostic of normal binocular function in preschool children.
The first experiment investigated the salience of the monocular cues in the Lang and Frisby stereotests in normal preschool children (2 to 5 years old). None of the children who passed either the Frisby or the Lang stereotest under binocular conditions were able to pass either test monocularly, even after passing the test binocularly. In the second experiment, preschool children with abnormal binocular vision were tested with the Lang and Frisby stereotests to determine if large disparities (730 to 800 seconds of arc [arcsec]) could be passed without normal binocular vision. None of the children with strabismus passed either stereotest. However, two children with anisometropia passed the Frisby test and one of these children also passed the Lang test.
These resulte suggest that in the absence of other clinical findings to the contrary, the demonstration of gross stereopsis with either the Frisby (730 arcsec) or Lang (733 or 800 arcsec) test in the preschool child implies normal binocular function. Thus, clinical tests of stereopsis for infants and preschool children, like those used routinely for adults, can provide evidence of binocular function without approaching stereothreshold.
Choroidal Neurofibromatosis With Congenital Iris Ectropion and Buphthalmos: Relationship and Significance
Authors: Burke John P , Leitch R Jane , Talbot John F , Parsons M Andrew 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report a case of unilateral buphthalmos in neurofibromatosis-1 without the other classical characteristics of the François syndrome (triad of unilateral buphthalmos, homolateral eyelid plexiform neuroma, and homolateral facial hem i hypertrophy) and emphasize the difficulties in early diagnosis. The painful buphthalmic right eye was enucleated at the age of 13 months. Histopathology demonstrated diffuse choroidal neurofibromatosis in association with congenital iris ectropion syndrome. Cutaneous manifestations of neurofibromatosis subsequently developed in the patient and stigmata of the disease were later identified in other asymptomatic family members.
The Feasibility of Introducing a Visual Screening Test for Children During Vaccination Campaigns
Authors: Potério Marisa B , Cardillo José Augusto , De Senne Firmane , Pelegrino Ricardo , José Newton Kara , Norato Denise Y J , Potério Glória MariaB 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: A visual screening test for children was prepared for the use of paramedics during vaccination campaigns. This test was used in a vaccination campaign in Taquaritinga, Säo Paulo, Brazil.
Methods: The campaign was carried out by two paramedics trained by ophthalmologists. The first 130 children vaccinated whose families showed interest in participating in the visual screening program were chosen. The program consisted of demographic information and eight questions, a visual screening test for children >4 years, and an external eye examination. After studying the data collected, the paramedic decided if the child needed a more thorough ophthalmologic examination.
Results: Of the 4505 children vaccinated, 130 children participated in the screening test. One (76.9%) hundred of the 1 30 children were reexamined by ophthalmologists. Of these, 38 (29.2%) were initially considered to have visual disorders. Ophthalmologic disorders were confirmed in 22 (57.9 %) children; of these, 3 were already under ophthalmologic care. The paramedics correctly screened a total of 77 (77%) children.
Conclusion: Visual screening during vaccination campaigns is simple and rapid, and provides the opportunity to identify children with visual disorders during the critical stage of visual development without the need of ophthalmologists.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus; 2000;37:68-72.
Development of Two Stable Oral Suspensions of Levodopa-Carbidopa for Children With Amblyopia
Authors: Nahata Milap C , Morosco Richard S , Leguire Lawrence E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To develop stable liquid dosage forms of levodopa-carbidopa for use In children with amblyopia.
Methods: Levodopa (100 mg) and carbidopa (25 mg) tablets were used to prepare the suspensions at 5 and 1 .25 mg/mL, respectively. For each suspension, five bottles were stored at 250C and five at 40C. Three samples were taken from each bottle at 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 91 days (n=15). Levodopa-carbidopa concentrations for each sample were measured in duplicate by validated and stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method.
Results: The mean concentrations of levodopa-carbidopa in Ora Plus/Ora Sweet suspensions were 96% and 92% of the Initial concentrations for 28 days at 25°C, and 94% and 93% for 42 days at 4°C. In the suspension containing ascorbic acid, the mean concentrations of levodopa-carbidopa were above 93% and 92% for 14 days at 25°C, and 93% and 92% for 28 days at 4°C. This liquid formulation was administered to 15 children (mean age: 5.6±1.4 years) with amblyopia. The number and type of adverse effects were similar in the levo-dopa-carbidopa versus placebo group.
Conclusion: Levodopa-carbidopa in extemporaneous suspensions prepared in Ora Plus and Ora Sweet were stable for 28 days when stored at 25°C and for 42 days at 4°C. Our data suggest our liquid formulation may be used safely in children with amblyopia.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2000;37:333-337.
Intraoperative Pachometry During Automated Lamellar Keratoplasty: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Casebeer J Charles , Slade Stephen G , Dybbs Alexander , Mahanti Robert L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The hinge technique greatly improves the results of automated lamellar keratoplasty but makes it impossible to measure the thickness of the corneal cap with a micrometer. We developed a technique of measuring cap and stromal disc thickness with a pachometer and compared the results with those obtained with a micrometer.
METHODS: Measurements of the thickness of the stromal disc and/or corneal cap were taken with the Mitutoyo micrometer and the Chiron ComeoGage System III pachometer in five myopic and three hyperopic cases undergoing automated lamellar keratoplasty with complete cap resection. The intended postoperative refraction was piano. Postoperative refractions were taken at two months.
RESULTS: In most cases, the corneal cap measured thinner while the stromal disc measured thicker by the micrometer than by the pachometer because of the hydration status of the stromal bed. In both myopic and hyperopic cases, the thickness measurements taken with the pachometer correlated better with the postoperative spherical equivalent values than those taken with the micrometer.
CONCLUSIONS: The thickness measurement of corneal resections by both micrometry and pachometry is greatly influenced by tissue hydration status. When hydration is similar, the pachometer provides more accurate thickness readings than does the micrometer, as determined by correlations with intended refractive results. (Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:41-43.)
Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia: Comparison of 4.00- and 5.00-Millimeter Ablation Zones
Authors: O'Brart David P S , Gartry David S , Lohmann Chris P , Muir Malcolm G Kerr , Marshall John 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To date, there has been no systematic study of the effects of ablation zone diameter on the outcome of photorefractive keratectomy. To address these issues, we examined a series of eyes with bilateral corrections using different-sized ablation zones.
METHODS: Thirty-three patients underwent bilateral photorefractive keratectomy (Summit Excimed UV200, Waltham, Mass) with identical dioptric corrections in both eyes, except first eyes had 4.00-millimeter and second eyes had 5.00-millimeter ablation zones. Identical postoperative eyedrop regimens were used in both eyes of each subject and the interval between treatments was 12 months. The mean depth of the programmed central ablation was 24 µp? in eyes treated with 4.00-millimeter and 39 µp? with 5.00-millimeter zones.
RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative refraction between first and second eyes. Mean changes in refraction at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were significantly greater in eyes treated with 5.00-millimeter ablation diameters (p < .001). No eyes treated with 4.00-millimeter zones were overcorrected, but five eyes (15%) treated with 5.00-millimeter beams had a refraction greater than + 1.00 diopter (D) at 12 months postoperatively. There was no significant difference in the amount of anterior stromal haze between the two eyes at any stage. In 14 patents, less night halo was noticed in the eye treated with a 5.00-millimeter zone. Using a computer program, halo measurements were made in both eyes of 12 patients whose pre- and postoperative refractions were within 0.50 D. The magnitude of halo was significantly less in eyes treated with 5.00-millimeter zones (p < .01).
CONCLUSIONS: Despite greater depths of stromal ablation with 5.00-millimeter diameters, there was no increased anterior stromal haze or postoperative regression of refraction. The biological and physical constraints governing the optimum size of the photorefractive keratectomy ablation zone are discussed. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:87-94.]
RESUME
INTRODUCTION: Il n'existe aucune étude systématique des effets du diamètre de la zone d'ablation sur le résultat de la kératectomie photorefractive. Nous avons examiné une série de patients traités avec ablation de diamètres différents dans les deux yeux.
MÉTHODES: Trente-trois patients ont subi la kératectomie photo-réfractive bilatérale avec correction dioptrique identique dans les deux yeux, mais avec une ablation de 4,00 mm dans l'oeil traité le premier et une ablation de 5,00 mm dans le deuxième. Le programme de gouttes thérapeutiques fut identique dans les deux yeux, et l'intervalle entre les deux chirurgie fut de 12 mois. La profondeur de l'ablation centrale programmée fut 24 µp? dans lex yeux traités avec une ablation de 4,00 mm et 39 µ?? chez les yeux traités avec une ablation de 5,00 mm.