bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybrid method for reduction of size and number of hues in the color images used in a carpet map
Authors: Cui Jingtao , Xu Haixia , Shi Lili 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe carpet industry is no longer a small business done in the villages on a small scale; instead, it has carved an altogether different space, identity, and appreciation for itself in the cosmopolitan world. As computers are is becoming more and more ubiquitous, most industries, including the carpet industry, use computers for quality improvement, accuracy enhancement, speed development, and cost reduction purposes. Unlike traditional carpet maps, many modern maps include images of human faces for hand‐woven carpet tableau. These digital images comprise millions of colors and thousands of pixels, making it practically impossible to construct and weave the carpet in the same dimensions. Many weavers currently use manual and experience‐based methods for reducing the size and number of hues for making a hand‐woven carpet tableau map. Therefore, the outcomes are not the optimal results and can be improved. Also, many color reduction methods do not focus on the hand‐woven carpet tableau map. To overcome these problems and gaps, this research focuses on proposing a new automatic method for reducing the size of color images without compromising facial nuances, lessening the number of colors used while protecting the important areas of the images, and transforming those images into carpet tableau maps. The proposed approach inputs the original color image. It continuously detecting the face and specifying important areas, and finally, outputs carpet tableau map that is proportional to the given dimensions and color count. To evaluate the proposed method, MATLAB, as a powerful simulation tool, was employed. Final results are compared to the existing approaches in terms of face detection, size reduction, and color quantization. The obtained results have shown that the approach improves speed by 39% in face detection and increases the precision of size reduction and color quantization phases. The results have also confirmed that when images of human faces are reduced by a proposed method to form an appropriate image for tableau maps, they are nearly always perceived as more attractive than the reduced faces via traditional methods.
The impact of climate change on westernPlethodonsalamanders’ distribution
Authors: Nottingham Sir , Pelletier Tara A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimGiven that salamanders have experienced large shifts in their distributions over time, we determined how each species ofPlethodonin the Pacific Northwest would respond to climate change. We incorporated several greenhouse scenarios both on a species‐by‐species basis, and also using phylogenetic groups, with the aim to determine the best course of action in managing land area to conserve diversity in this group.LocationPacific Northwest of the United States (northern CA, OR, WA, ID, and MT).Major taxa studiedWesternPlethodonsalamanders.MethodsSpecies distribution models were estimated using MaxEnt for the current time period and for several future climate scenarios using bioclimatic data layers. We used several methods to quantify the change in habitat suitability over time from the models. We explored aspects of the climate layers to determine whether we can expect a concerted response to climate change due to similarity in ecological niche or independent responses that could be harder to manage.ResultsThe distribution of westernPlethodonsalamander species is strongly influenced by precipitation and less so by temperature. Species responses to climate change resulted in both increases and decreases in predicted suitable habitat, though most species ranges do not contract, especially when taken as a phylogenetic group.Main conclusionsWhile some established habitats may become more or less climatically suitable, the overall distribution of species in this group is unlikely to be significantly affected. Clades ofPlethodonspecies are unlikely to be in danger of extirpation despite the possibility that individual species may be threatened as a result of limited distributions. Grouping species into lineages with similar geographic ranges can be a viable method of determining conservation needs. More biotic and dispersal information is needed to determine the true impact that changes in climate will have on the distribution ofPlethodonspecies.
A novel model to culture cells from giant cell tumor of bone using three‐dimensional (3D) polycaprolactone scaffold
Authors: Estrada‐Villaseñor Eréndira , Valdés‐Flores Margarita , Meneses‐García Abelardo , Silva‐Bermudez Phaedra , Pichardo‐Bahena Raul , Ostoa‐Saloma Pedro , Mercado‐Celis Gabriela , Delgado‐Cedillo Ernesto D. , Olivos‐Meza Anell , Landa‐Solís Carlos 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) culture of cells from giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is affected by loss of the multinucleated giant cells in subsequent passages. Therefore, there is limited time to study GCTB with all its histological components in 2D culture. Here, we explored the possibility of culturing GCTB cells on a polycaprolactone (PCL)‐printed scaffold. We also evaluated the viability of the cultured cells and their adherence to the PCL scaffold at day 14 days using immunofluorescence analysis with calcein, vinculin, and phalloidin. Using the histological technique with hematoxylin and eosin staining, we observed all the histological components of GCTB in this 3D model. Immunohistochemical assays with cathepsin K, p63, and receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB ligand (RANKL) yielded positive results in this construct, which allowed us to confirm that the seeded cells maintained the expression of GCTB markers. Based on these findings, we concluded that the PCL scaffold is an efficient model to culture GCTB cells, and the cell viability and adherence to the scaffold can be preserved for up to 14 days. Moreover, this model can also be used in subsequent studies to assess in vitro cell–cell interactions and antineoplastic efficacy of certain agents to establish a treatment against GCTB.
Municipal waste slag for dyes photocatalytic and metal recovery applications through structural analysis and experimental characterization
Authors: Ali Ahmed S. , Issa Shams A. M. , Zakaly Hesham M. H. , Rashad Mohamed , Khan Irfan , Zhang Bofan , Akiyama Kazuhiko , Kubuki Shiro , Tekin Huseyin Ozan 
Published: June 2021

SummaryMunicipal waste is an essential issue worldwide. The achievements in this field needs to be maximized to meet the increase in municipal waste generated every year. The challenge is to correlate municipal waste management systems to the high valued applications. The present work fills this gap by tracing the elemental analysis of municipal waste slag (MWS) over 10 months for the use of MWS as a visible light photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and the recovery of valuable metals. The compositions of 10 samples collected at different times have been evaluated using X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy for the major composition and photon activation analysis for the minor composition analysis. The degradation efficiency is controlled by the iron oxidation state and sample's basicity. For as collected slag the degradation is attributed to both Fenton and photo‐Fenton reaction while for the melted samples, the prominent reaction is photo‐Fenton. The best performing sample, 4‐M, shows a pseudo‐first‐order rate constant k of 1.5 × 10−1 min−1 for MB degradation after 20 minutes under a pH of 11 and 0.35 M of H2O2. This sample shows good stability after seven successive cycles.
Genome‐wide association analysis of serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, and the modifying effects of BMI in 388k European individuals
Authors: Gao Chuan , Marcketta Anthony , Backman Joshua D. , O'Dushlaine Colm , Staples Jeffrey , Ferreira Manuel Allen Revez , Lotta Luca A. , Overton John D. , Reid Jeffrey G. , Mirshahi Tooraj , Regeneron Genetics Center  , Geisinger Regeneron Discovehr Collaboration  , Baras Aris , Abecasis Gonçalo , Shuldiner Alan R. , Van Hout Cristopher V. , McCarthy Shane 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSerum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are biomarkers for liver health. Here we report the largest genome‐wide association analysis to date of serum ALT and AST levels in over 388k people of European ancestry from UK biobank and DiscovEHR. Eleven million imputed markers with a minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥ 0.5% were analyzed. Overall, 300 ALT and 336 AST independent genome‐wide significant associations were identified. Among them, 81 ALT and 61 AST associations are reported for the first time. Genome‐wide interaction study identified 9 ALT and 12 AST independent associations significantly modified by body mass index (BMI), including several previously reported potential liver disease therapeutic targets, for example, PNPLA3, HSD17B13, and MARC1. While further work is necessary to understand the effect of ALT and AST‐associated variants on liver disease, the weighted burden of significant BMI‐modified signals is significantly associated with liver disease outcomes. In summary, this study identifies genetic associations which offer an important step forward in understanding the genetic architecture of serum ALT and AST levels. Significant interactions between BMI and genetic loci not only highlight the important role of adiposity in liver damage but also shed light on the genetic etiology of liver disease in obese individuals.
Dissociable theta networks underlie the switch and mixing costs during task switching
Authors: McKewen Montana , Cooper Patrick S. , Skippen Patrick , Wong Aaron S. W. , Michie Patricia T. , Karayanidis Frini 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDuring task‐switching paradigms, both event‐related potentials and time‐frequency analyses show switch and mixing effects at frontal and parietal sites. Switch and mixing effects are associated with increased power in broad frontoparietal networks, typically stronger in the theta band (~4–8 Hz). However, it is not yet known whether mixing and switch costs rely upon common or distinct networks. In this study, we examine proactive and reactive control networks linked to task switching and mixing effects, and whether strength of connectivity in these networks is associated with behavioural outcomes. Participants (n = 197) completed a cued‐trials task‐switching paradigm with concurrent electroencephalography, after substantial task practice to establish strong cue‐stimulus–response representations. We used inter‐site phase clustering, a measure of functional connectivity across electrode sites, to establish cross‐site connectivity from a frontal and a parietal seed. Distinct theta networks were activated during proactive and reactive control periods. During the preparation interval, mixing effects were associated with connectivity from the frontal seed to parietal sites, and switch effects with connectivity from the parietal seed to occipital sites. Lateralised occipital connectivity was common to both switch and mixing effects. After target onset, frontal and parietal seeds showed a similar pattern of connectivity across trial types. These findings are consistent with distinct and common proactive control networks and common reactive networks in highly practised task‐switching performers.
Azobenzene: a Visible‐Light Chemical Actinometer for the Characterization of Fluidic Photosystems
Authors: Roseau Mélanie , De Waele Vincent , Trivelli Xavier , Cantrelle Francois Xavier , Penhoat Maël , Chausset‐Boissarie Laëtitia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract(E)‐Azobenzene is introduced as a suitable chemical actinometer in the visible spectral range (440–540 nm) for photon flux determination of fluidic microphotoreactors or for assessing efficiency of visible light photo‐induced reactions, its evaluation is straightforward without tedious analytics. Photoisomerization quantum yields (ΦE→Z) of (E)‐azobenzene were accurately determined upon irradiation at several wavelengths and in different solvents based on well‐known diarylethene.
Employee engagement: Emerging insight of the millennial manufacturing workforce
Authors: Hurtienne Matthew W. , Hurtienne Laura E. , Kempen Madelyn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMillennial workers are increasingly becoming the largest population of workers in the U.S. workforce (Carter & Walker III, 2018), and the manufacturing sector is the fifth most common employment sector for millennials (U.S. Census Bureau, 2015). Demographic shifts may alter employee values and beliefs, which can impact the need for performance and manufacturing leaders to discover the relationship between millennial views and employee engagement. This phenomenological study of millennial workers intended to discover what might impact employee engagement. This article describes five main themes that can have an impact on millennial engagement: acceptance, community, education, collaborative environment, and leadership.
Based on bioinformatics analysis lncrna SNHG5 modulates the function of vascular smooth muscle cells through mir‐205‐5p/SMAD4 in abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Nie Han , Zhao Wenpeng , Wang Shizhi , Zhou Weimin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore expression profiles of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)‐messenger RNA (mRNA) in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients. Further, we explored the mechanisms by which lncRNA SNHG5 modulates the function of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in AAA.MethodsHuman gene expression profile GSE57691 dataset, was retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus database. The dataset included gene expression array data of 49 AAA patients and 10 control aortic specimens from organ donors. To explore the main roles of the biological network, differentially expressed lncRNA and mRNAs in the aortic aneurysm (AAA) and normal aortic specimens were determined. Differentially expressed lncRNA and mRNAs were then used to construct a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network using Cytoscape software, and the five key lncRNA were identified. SNHG5 which was significantly downregulated in the AAA was chosen and analysis showed that it regulates mir‐205‐5p and SMAD4 by binding to mir‐205‐5p. Double luciferase reporter gene assays, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA knockdown studies were used to establish the relationship between SNHG5 and mir‐205‐5p. Apoptosis rate was determined using flow cytometry, whereas cell proliferation was evaluated using Edu, and 24 well Transwell assay. Western blot analysis was used to determine protein expression levels.ResultsThe five differentially expressed lncRNAs were significantly correlated with 34 microRNAs and 112 mRNAs. mRNAs in the ceRNA network are implicated in protein binding, signal transduction, DNA and RNA transcription, development, and cell differentiation. SNHG5 was downregulated in the AAA and acts as a molecular sponge for mir‐205. Downregulation of SNHG5 induces expression of mir‐205‐5p. Increased mir‐205‐5p expression level inhibits SMAD4 production, thus inhibiting proliferation and migration and promotes apoptosis of smooth muscle cells.ConclusionBioinformatics were used to explore molecular mechanism of AAA progression. The findings of this study show that lncRNA SNHG5 regulates proliferation and apoptosis of VSMC cells through modulation of the mir‐205‐5p/SMAD4 axis. Therefore, SNHG5 is a potential therapeutic target for AAA disease.
Two cases of pelvic lymphocele after prostatectomy and dissection of obturator lymph nodes successfully treated by interventional radiology
Authors: Oda Yuki , Ohyama Nobuo , Hashimura Masahiro , Maeda Shinsaku , Hori Shunta , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionPostoperative refractory lymphocele is often difficult to treat. Recently, interventional radiology with N‐butyl‐cyanoacrylate has been used by urologists and radiologists to treat lymphocele. This modality is an effective treatment with fewer complications.Case presentationCase 1. A 70‐year‐old man, who underwent retropubic radical prostatectomy and bilateral obturator lymph node dissection, developed postoperative lymphocele. Continuous drainage and multiple rounds of sclerotherapy to reduce lymphocele volume ended in failure. Subsequently, lymphangiography with lipiodol and N‐butyl‐cyanoacrylate was performed, and the lymphocele volume gradually decreased.Case 2. A 75‐year‐old man underwent retropubic radical prostatectomy and bilateral obturator lymph node dissection. After surgery, the patient developed a high‐output lymphocele. The lymphocele volume decreased following lymphangiography with lipiodol.ConclusionInterventional radiology using lipiodol and N‐butyl‐cyanoacrylate could provide a new standard treatment for refractory lymphocele.
On the reproducibility of in vivo temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio and its utility as a predictor of subject‐level t‐values in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Gobbi Susanna , Lee Yoojin , Homolya István , Tobler Philippe N. , Hare Todd A. , Nagy Zoltan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of voxel‐wise temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio (tSNR) on repeated scans across runs, sessions, and days. A group of 21 participants was scanned 16 times (4 runs per session, 2 sessions per day, 2 separate days) in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study on a 3T Philips Achieva scanner. For each run, we calculated t‐value and tSNR maps. To ascertain that the results were not specific to the scanner, one volunteer was scanned with four fMRI runs in a single session on the above 3T Philips scanner as well as a 3T Siemens Prisma scanner. The coefficient of variation of voxel‐wise tSNR across the 16 repeats was up to 25%, while the range relative to the mean of all observations was up to 80%. The voxel‐wise variability of tSNR on the two different scanners was similar, indicating a general issue. Despite its use in evaluating the quality of fMRI data, we found only a weak relationship between tSNR and t‐values. There is very high variability in voxel‐wise tSNR, which should be considered while planning future studies that aim to identify small and focal fMRI effects or the benefits of incremental improvement in methods.
Selectively targeting cancer stem cells: Current and novel therapeutic strategies and approaches in the effective eradication of cancer
Authors: Esmaeili Seyed‐Alireza , Sahranavard Shamim , Salehi Astireh , Bagheri Vahid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subgroup of cells in malignant cancers, which possess self‐renewal capacity, tumor‐initiating capability, and pluripotency, as well as being responsible for tumor maintenance, metastasis, relapse, and chemoresistance. The treatment modalities previously established for cancer included surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The majority of tumor cells of non‐CSCs could be eradicated using conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, novel and promising therapeutic strategies that selectively target CSCs are of great importance. In this review, we described different therapeutic strategies such as immunotherapy, metabolism‐based therapeutic strategies, and additional potential therapeutic approaches (targeting microRNAs [miRNAs], histone deacetylase, and DNA methyl transferase) against CSCs. Taken together, due to the inefficiency of anticancer single therapies, targeting CSCs through their metabolism and using immunotherapy and miRNAs besides classical chemo‐ and radiotherapy may exert better therapeutic effects.
Spoken Word Poetry with Multilingual Youth from Refugee Backgrounds
Authors: Burton Jennifer , Van Viegen Saskia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article reports insights from a spoken word poetry workshop conducted with youth from refugee backgrounds and their teachers at a large suburban secondary school. The broad aim of engaging spoken word poetry in the educational context was to encourage and listen to student voice and creative self‐expression, and to explore opportunities within the class to speak to sociopolitical issues and injustices relevant to students’ lives and experiences. The article illustrates how the workshop created situated, embodied teaching and learning activities to familiarize students with the spoken word genre and invite students to imagine spoken word as part of their expanding repertoire. These experiences engaged with students’ linguistic, cultural, and other semiotic resources, valorizing translanguaging as a critical practice for youth in the process of resettlement and teachers supporting their social and educational integration. The article concludes with implications for teachers interested in incorporating spoken word in the classroom.
Toxicological safety evaluation of live Anaerobutyricum soehngenii strain CH106
Authors: Seegers Jos F. M. L. , Gül Ismail Sahin , Hofkens Stijn , Brosel Sonja , Schreib Gudrun , Brenke Jara , Donath Claudia , de Vos Willem M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe gut commensal Anaerobutyricum soehngenii is an anaerobe that can produce both propionate and butyrate, metabolites that have been shown to have a positive effect on gut and overall health. Murine and human dose finding studies have shown that oral intake of A. soehngenii has a positive influence on peripheral insulin resistance, thereby reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. A recent human intervention provided support for the mode of action of A. soehngenii as it affected gene expression in the duodenum, stimulated the secretion of GLP‐1 and improved insulin sensitivity. For these reasons A. soehngenii has been proposed as a food ingredient. Before introducing this bacterium to the food chain, however, it must be established that oral intake of live A. soehngenii bacteria does not pose any health risk. As part of the safety analysis of A. soehngenii strain CH106, we performed genotoxicity assays to determine its mutagenic potential (bacterial reverse mutation and in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus tests) and a 90‐day subchronic toxicity study in rats to determine overall toxicity potential. The results of both genotoxicity studies were negative, showing no genotoxic effects. For the 90‐day subchronic toxicity study, no adverse events were registered that could be attributed to the feeding with A. soehngenii strain CH106. Even at the highest dose, which exceeds the expected daily human intake more than 100‐fold, no adverse events were observed. These result support the conclusion that the use of A. soehngenii strain CH106 as a food ingredient is safe.