bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material-separating regularizer for multi-energy x-ray tomography
Authors: Gondzio Jacek , Lassas Matti , Latva-Äijö Salla-Maaria , Siltanen Samuli , Zanetti Filippo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dual-energy x-ray tomography is considered in a context where the target under imaging consists of two distinct materials. The materials are assumed to be possibly intertwined in space, but at any given location there is only one material present. Further, two x-ray energies are chosen so that there is a clear difference in the spectral dependence of the attenuation coefficients of the two materials. A novel regularizer is presented for the inverse problem of reconstructing separate tomographic images for the two materials. A combination of two things, (a) non-negativity constraint, and (b) penalty term containing the inner product between the two material images, promotes the presence of at most one material in a given pixel. A preconditioned interior point method is derived for the minimization of the regularization functional. Numerical tests with digital phantoms suggest that the new algorithm outperforms the baseline method, joint total variation regularization, in terms of correctly material-characterized pixels. While the method is tested only in a two-dimensional setting with two materials and two energies, the approach readily generalizes to three dimensions and more materials. The number of materials just needs to match the number of energies used in imaging.
Large magnetic anisotropy in Co–Fe–Ni–N ordered structures: a first-principles study
Authors: Islam Riyajul , Borah J P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Material design of promising rare-earth free permanent magnet requires tailoring and controlling the intrinsic magnetic properties namely large saturation magnetization μ
0
M
s, giant uniaxial magnetic anisotropy K
u, and high Curie temperature T
C. Based on first-principles electronic structure calculations, we present a detailed analysis for the intrinsic magnetic properties of Co
x
Fe1−x
Ni and Co
x
Fe1−x
NiN0.25 ordered structures. We predict an enhanced structural stability with improved K
u ranging from 1.53–2.29 MJ m−3 for Co
x
Fe1−x
NiN0.25 ordered structures, with the exception of CoNiN0.25 having planar anisotropy. Detailed analysis of the predicted large K
u, based on perturbation theory and electronic structure calculations, is attributed to the cumulative effect of contribution from the increased tetragonal distortion and induced orbital distortion from the simultaneous Co substitution and interstitial N-doping. By tailoring the K
u, we may create efficient and affordable PMs, bridging the gap between commonly used ferrite and high-performance Nd–Fe–B magnets.
Is TOL 1326–379 a Prototype of γ-Ray Emitting FR0 Radio Galaxy?
Authors: Fu Wen-Jing , Zhang Hai-Ming , Zhang Jin , Liang Yun-Feng , Yao Su , Liang En-Wei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With the possible spacial association to the Fermi/LAT source 3FGL J1330.0–3818, TOL 1326–379 may be the first one that is identified as a γ-ray emitting Fanaroff–Riley type 0 radio galaxy (FR0 RG). We analyze the ∼12 yr Fermi/LAT observation data of this γ-ray source and examine its association to TOL 1326–379. We show that the γ-ray source (named as J1331.0–3818) is tentatively detected with a TS value of 28.7, 3FGL J1330.0–3818 is out of the 95% containment of J1331.0–3818, and their positions are spatially separated ∼0.°2. 4FGL J1331.3–3818 falls into the 68% containment of J1331.0–3818, suggesting that our result agrees with that reported in the Fourth Fermi LAT Source Catalog. TOL 1326–379 is out of the 95% containment of J1331.0–3818, and their positions are spatially separated ∼0.°4, indicating that the association between J1331.0–3818 and TOL 1326–379 is quite ambiguous. However, we do not find other possible potential radio or X-ray counterpart within the circle centered at J1331.0–3818 with a radius of 0.°4. The spectral energy distribution (SED) of TOL 1326–379 shows a bimodal feature as seen in the γ-ray emitting RGs. We fit the SED with the one-zone leptonic model and find that the average energy spectrum of J1331.0–3818 agrees with the model prediction. Assuming that J1331.0–3818 is an unidentified γ-ray source, we derive the upper-limit of the γ-ray flux for TOL 1326–379. It is not tight enough to exclude this possibility with the SED modeling. Based on these results, we cautiously argue that the γ-ray source J1331.0–3818 is associated with TOL 1326–379 and its jet radiation physic is similar to those γ-ray emitting RGs.
Experimental Research of Static Characteristics of Microfluidic Trigger
Authors: Balabanov A V , Kasimov A M , Popov A I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Experimental research of the main static characteristics of the microfluidic trigger of the 100-micrometer feature size is carried out. In order to research the trigger, the experimental (physical) model has been especially made. As the main result of the research, the transfer and flow-rate characteristics of the trigger are obtained in relation to the two connection schemes: 1) the relay scheme with the two-input control, 2) the comparator scheme with the control at a first input and with a reference setpoint at a second input.
Dependence of the energy efficiency of the acousto-optic modulator of terahertz radiation on the dimensions of the ultrasound transducer
Authors: Nikitin P A , Nikitin A K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper presents results of experimental investigation of an acousto-optic modulator of terahertz radiation based on liquefied sulfur hexafluoride. It was found that the intensity of diffracted radiation at a fixed ultrasound power depends on the dimensions of the ultrasound transducer. The optimal size of the ultrasound transducer in the direction orthogonal to the plane of the acousto-optic interaction was determined, at which the maximum energy efficiency of the acousto-optic modulator was achieved.
Development of a methodology for migration of monolithic systems to microservice architecture using cloud technologies
Authors: Balzamov A V , Fomin D S , Savkina A V , Nikulin V V , Fedosin S A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The long-term use of the classical monolithic architecture for the development of web applications has led to the accumulation of a voluminous knowledge base for analyzing the positive and negative aspects, as well as finding ways to solve the problems that arise when using it at the present stage. Thanks to the rapid development of the computing power of personal computers, network data exchange mechanisms, cloud technologies and Open Source software, it has become possible to use more complex and efficient approaches to architecture design and deployment of web applications, such as a service-oriented, microservice model and deployment on a virtual machine or cloud. Due to the emergence of a large number of new technologies described above, it is quite difficult to apply them effectively enough without proper experience, as well as to switch to new models of architecture design.
Research and Modeling of Digital Antenna Arrays with Directional Elements on Azimuth-Elevation in VHF Terrain and Vegetation Multipath Propagation Situations
Authors: Nechaev Yu B , Peshkov I W , Fortunova N A , Zaitseva I N , Zhigulin V A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the paper the problem of using digital antenna arrays equipped with dipole and directive elements simultaneously in the azimuthal and elevation planes is discussed. In particular, they are investigated for communication channels of the VHF range below 1 GHz. This range is characterized by the fact that it has found wide distribution. However, its application is fraught with many difficulties, such as attenuation, reflection from rough surfaces, etc. One of the solutions to these problems can be azimuth-elevation digital beamforming. The paper presents the simulation results for the propagation of signals in the VHF range in free space, two-ray ground-reflection and foliage models. It is assumed that a symmetrical dipole is used on the transmitting side, and a directional Yagi antenna on the receiving digital antenna array (DAA) also equipped with a dipole. The circular (CAA) and hemi-dodecahedron shapes of the arrangement of elements of the receiving digital antenna array are simulated. The bit error rates (BER) depending on the distance between the transmitter and the receiver are estimated for the three above mentioned cases.
Diagnostics of solid-state microwave modules at the initial stage of technological tests
Authors: Yu Kiryanov A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Process testing is an integral part of the production of solid-state microwave modules used in radar stations. At the final stage of production, long-term technological tests are carried out. However, at the initial stage of testing, it is possible to carry out diagnostics of solid-state microwave modules, which makes it possible to identify malfunctions leading to failures of solid-state microwave modules.
Predicting of cyber attacks on critical information infrastructure
Authors: Kosmacheva I M , Davidyuk N V , Belov SV , Kuchin Yu , Kvyatkovskaya I Yu , Rudenko M F , Lobeyko V I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
According to modern statistics and analytical reviews, targeted computer attacks (cyber attacks) are becoming more and more numerous. Attackers began to use non-standard schemes for implementing attacks, using employees of organizations as intermediaries, which reduces the efficiency of detecting violations. At the same time, the targets of attackers are increasingly critical information infrastructure (CII) objects. The number of cyberattacks on the critical infrastructure of the Russian Federation increased by 150%. Successful attacks on CII are associated with a lack of software updates for industrial equipment, personnel errors, incorrect configuration of protection tools and can potentially lead to disasters. Prediction of computer attacks on CII based on a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of incidents and system users can significantly increase the efficiency of incident detection, since it is obvious that technical and anthropogenic characteristics in this case should be taken into account together. It is difficult to classify computer incidents due to the volume and heterogeneity of the data about them. The paper proposes approaches that provide for the initial systematization of system log data and user characteristics, an assessment of their informativeness. This will reduce the complexity of further data processing and increase the performance of the computer attack forecasting system by excluding some uninformative data from a single secure storage. The second important task is to create test systems based on available platforms for analyzing and detecting computer incidents in order to train future information security specialists in big data analysis technologies.
The Single Page Application architecture when developing secure Web services
Authors: Kornienko D V , Mishina S V , Melnikov M O 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the development of a prototype of a secure single page-application (SPA) web service for automating user information accounting. The relevance of this study is very high due to the use of web services. The article provides a classification of web applications and shows the features of the architecture of a single page application used in the development of the service. Based on a comparative analysis of the architectural styles of the API, the most appropriate style was selected. Considered and taken into account the key points of the development of a secure application programming interface (API), the requirements that must be met by RESTful API services. The work used popular authentication schemes (methods). A comparative characteristic of web frameworks of the Python programming language is given, on the basis of which a tool for implementing a web service is selected. Shows the main advantages of using Python when developing paged web services and the security tools included in the standard package of the Flask web services development framework. Shows how to securely prototype a Python RESTful SPA Web Service API using Flask. An example of using the Swagger tool to describe the specifications of the developed API is given. The process of setting up the application is considered in detail. The main recommendations for securing a web application, setting up a database and a web server are listed. The key points of ensuring the protection of the developed web application are considered. Conclusions are made regarding the choice of the architectural style of the application API, the most suitable tools and technologies for the software implementation of the service.
The use of optical fiber for the creation of security systems for electrical cables of distribution networks of 0.4 kV
Authors: Yugay V V , Mekhtiyev A D , Madi P Sh , Alkina A D , Neshina E G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of research aimed at solving important production issues related to the theft of power cables and reducing the reliability of electrical networks with a voltage of 0.4 kV. To implement the security system, a single-mode optical fiber and a hardware and software complex for data processing were used. The results of the work can be used in security systems for various purposes, including telecommunications and construction systems. During the experiments, it was found that the photoelasticity effect occurs during mechanical action on the optical fiber, which causes changes in the refractive indices of the shell and core, while the properties of light change. In contrast to the known security systems and methods of fixing violations, a high-resolution television matrix is used, and not a photodetector device that records only changes in intensity. The television matrix is installed at the output of the optical fiber and records all changes in the light spot, and the hardware and software complex converts these changes into numerical values.
Application of the migration method for radiotomography of breast cancer
Authors: Eremeev A I , Vasin V V , Satarov R N , Tseplyaev I S , Shipilova S S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A new method to visualize microwave image is presented to early non-invasive detection of breast cancer tumors. A new processing method to compute microwave images of heterogeneity in a biological environment is described here, as well as a new algorithm for accelerating the calculation of three-dimensional radio images. Sounding of synthetic phantoms with dielectric properties of breast tissue was carried out in the range of 2–8 GHz using a special radar system developed by the authors. Results show that it is possible to use this microwave imaging method to form 3D accurate images using hemispherical scan Images of tumor phantoms were obtained during probing in the 2–8 GHz range with a resolution of about 5–7 mm.
According to the results of the reconstruction of three-dimensional radio images, it was revealed that the calculation time can be reduced by at least 2 times with an insignificant loss of quality.
Investigation of the parameters of a single photon detector for quantum communication
Authors: Khomiakova K I , Kokhanenko A P , Losev A V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nowadays the best single photon detectors from a practical view are those based on InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes, operating at a wavelength of 1.55 μm. The dependence of quantum efficiency and noise levels on the temperature and bias voltage of avalanche photodiodes were carried out.
Empirical dependence of the probability of blocks rotations on the diffusion coefficient in a cellular automaton with a Margolus neighbourhood
Authors: Shalyapina N A , Gromov M L , Matolygin A K , Torgaev S N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper considers a cellular automaton approach to modeling physical processes, in particular, the diffusion of pulsed periodic gas discharges in plasma. An attempt to determine the dependence of the probability of the block rotation on the diffusion coefficient for a cellular automaton diffusion model with a Margolus neighborhood is describe. Some features of the tensor approach to the implementation of random block cellular automata are described. The results of computer experiments are presented. The analysis of this results indicates that the data from the literature sources differ from the data obtained during the experiment.
Distribution of temperature field in phantom of hand with microwave radiation
Authors: Nechaev A N , Dunaevsky G E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present work presents the results of phantom of human hand simulation with the dielectric properties, very similar with human tissues properties. The simulation was conducted with using “CST Studio” software. The phantom was made by a “papier-mâché” method. The thermal field distribution was measured twice: for the simulation of phantom in “CST Studio” software, and for the phantom filled with dispersed meat of pork, the power was 2.45 GHz. The heating profile of certain points on phantom, including fingers, has been studied. It is shown that the heating profile of fingers zone is different from heating profile of wrist and forearm. The obtained experimental data have shown the possibility of using microwave radiation for deep cold injuries treatment.
A feature of organization the regional digital network of agrometeorological observations in the Tomsk region
Authors: Myagkov A S , Solovyov A V , Fomin D A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article describes the organization of a digital network for collection and analysis of agrometeorological data. This digital network is based on the concept of an integrated approach to the collection, systematization and analysis of agrometeorological data for forecasting and developing recommendations for agricultural producers. The digital network is three-tiered and consists of meteorological stations, agrometeorological posts and agrometeorological probes installed directly on the fields. The presented modern network for monitoring meteorological parameters is an important tool of modern agricultural production, which is especially relevant in a dynamically changing climate. It is reasonable to build such systems in the ideology of the Internet of Things (IoT).
Antarctic meltwater-induced dynamical changes in phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Oh Ji-Hoon , Noh Kyung Min , Lim Hyung-Gyu , Jin Emilia Kyung , Jun Sang-Yoon , Kug Jong-Seong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
It has been suggested that the freshwater flux due to the recent melting of the Antarctic ice-sheet/shelf will suppress ventilation in the Southern Ocean (SO). In this study, we performed idealized earth-system simulations to examine the impacts of Antarctic meltwater on the biomass of surface phytoplankton in the Antarctic Ocean. The enhanced stratification due to the meltwater leads to a decrease in surface nitrate concentration, but an increase in the surface concentration of dissolved iron. These changes are associated with the reduced upwelling of nitrate-rich deep water and the trapped iron exported from terrestrial sediment. Because of the limited iron availability in the SO, the trapped iron in surface water enhances the chlorophyll concentration in the open ocean. However, in the marginal sea along the Antarctic coastline where the iron is relatively sufficient, a nitrate reduction induces a chlorophyll decrease, indicating a regime shift from iron-limited to nitrate-limited conditions.
Peculiarities of acid-base properties of peat formed in various agroclimatic zones of the Altai mountainous region
Authors: Larina G V , Kaigorodov E V , Daibova E B , Yalbacheva O A , Vidyaykina L G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The results of the study of acid-base indicators of peat in the Altai mountainous region are presented. The natural factors that in the aggregate determine the peculiarities of the physico-chemical properties of mountain peat of different agro-climatic zones of the Altai Mountains have been revealed. The variation in the acid values, total absorbed bases, adsorption capacity and the degree of saturation of raised-bog, transitional, fen peat, the number of exchangeable ions Ca2+ and Mg2+ has been estimated. The interrelation among these indicators has been presented. For the first time, regression equations of the relationship between exchangeable acidity pHKC1 and the degree of peat base saturation V, between total absorbed bases S and the degree of peat base saturation V have been obtained using nonlinear regression analysis. The adequacy and stability of the developed models have been verified. The calculated mean errors of approximation of regression models characterise the high accuracy of the forecast and are indicative of a good selection of models for the initial data.
Diurnal and seasonal dynamics of the electrical conductivity of water of the northeastern part of the Great Vasyugan Mire (Western Siberia)
Authors: Kharanzhevskaya Yu A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, we determined the diurnal and seasonal dynamics of the electrical conductivity of waters of the northeastern part of the Great Vasyugan Mire in Western Siberia. Our studies showed that the electrical conductivity of the waters for the period of April to September 2016 was characterised by a value of 35 μS/cm, and the seasonal amplitude was 25 μS/cm. In seasonal dynamics, there are three maximums of electrical conductivity in waters. The first maximum was formed in April (48 μS/cm) and is associated with snowmelt water supply. The second one was observed in May after the complete thawing of the peat deposit (39 μS/cm), and the third was observed at the end of July as a result of biochemical processes in the peat deposit (43 μS/cm). Our studies have shown the electrical conductivity hysteresis during time intervals from 3–5 to 6–10 days electrical conductivity remains constant despite the change in hydrometeorological conditions (water table level, temperature).
Post-fire composition of lipids in waters and plants of Great Vasyugan Mire
Authors: Russkikh I V , Strel’nikova E B , Serebrennikova O V , Kharanzhevskaya Yu A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A lipid compositions were determined in water and plant samples taken in natural and burnt-out areas of the Bakchar bog (northeastern part of Great Vasyugan Mire) located in the basin of the Gavrilovka River within Tomsk region and were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The following main groups of organic compounds have been identified: acyclic n-alkanes, fatty acids, and n-alkan-2-ones. Among cyclic compounds steroids, sesquiterpenoids, and pentacyclic triterpenoids have been identified. It was shown that lipids in waters contained biomolecules of plants grown in the areas under study. Chemical indicators reflecting the disappearance of plants since a fire and their restricted distribution or replacement of some plant species with others were found out. These indicators can be used in paleoclimatic reconstructions to fix post-pyrogenic layers in the sedimentary rock strata.