bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous resolution rates in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction managed with massage or topical antibiotics compared with observation alone
Authors: Mohney Brian G , Sathiamoorthi Saraniya , Frank Ryan D 
Published: March 2021

Background/aimsTo determine if nasolacrimal massage or topical antibiotics are associated with higher rates of resolution compared with observation alone in a population-based cohort of infants with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO).MethodsThe medical records of all children <5 years diagnosed with CNLDO while residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota from 1 January 1995 through 31 December 2004 were retrospectively reviewed for type of management and non-surgical resolution of tearing.ResultsAmong 1958 infants diagnosed and followed for CNLDO, 516 (26.4%) were merely observed, 506 (25.8%) were prescribed massage alone, 485 (24.8%) were prescribed at least one course of topical antibiotics, 397 (20.3%) were prescribed both topical antibiotics and massage, and 54 (2.8%) had no documented therapy. Non-surgical resolution, occurring in 1669 (85.2%) during a median follow-up of 3.1 months (range: 1 week–248 months), was 74.6% for the merely observed, 89.7% for those prescribed digital massage, 87.0% for those prescribed antibiotics and 90.7% for those treated with both. This comparison was significant in unadjusted (p<0.001) and multivariable comparisons (p<0.001).ConclusionPrescribing topical antibiotics or digital massage for infants with CNLDO in this cohort, individually or in combination, was associated with a higher rate of spontaneous resolution than observation alone.
State of telemedicine use in pediatric surgery in the USA—where we stand and what we can gain from the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review
Authors: Metzger Gregory , Jatana Kris , Apfeld Jordan , Deans Katherine J , Minneci Peter C , Halaweish Ihab 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundWithin the last decade, the use of telemedicine within in primary care in the USA has greatly expanded; however, use remains uncommon in surgical specialties. The spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prompted healthcare institutions to limit in-person contact, resulting in an increase in telemedicine across all specialties, including pediatric surgery. The aims of this review were to evaluate potential barriers that limited the use of telemedicine in pediatric surgery prior to the COVID-19 period and to define how best to incorporate its use into a pediatric surgical practice going forward.MethodsA scoping review was performed to identify gaps in the literature pertaining to the use of telemedicine within general pediatric surgery in the USA prior to the outbreak of COVID-19. Next, a focused evaluation of the legislative and organizational policies on telemedicine was performed. Lastly, findings were summarized and recommendations for future research developed in the context of understanding and overcoming barriers that have plagued widespread adoption in the past.ResultsDespite evidence of telemedicine being safe and well received by adult surgical patients, a total of only three studies representing original research on the use of telemedicine within pediatric surgery were identified. Legislative and organizational policies regarding telemedicine have been altered in response to COVID-19, likely resulting in an increase in the use of telemedicine among pediatric surgeons.ConclusionsTelemedicine offers a safe and effective option for patients seeking an alternative to the in-person clinic appointment. The increased utilization of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic will provide an opportunity to learn how best to leverage the technology to decrease disparities and to overcome previous barriers.
Spin Berry points as crucial for ultrafast demagnetization
Authors: Zhang G. P. , Bai Y. H. , George Thomas F. 
Published: March 2021

Laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization has puzzled researchers around the world for over two decades. Intrinsic complexity in electronic, magnetic and phononic subsystems is difficult to understand microscopically. So far, it is not possible to explain demagnetization using a single mechanism, which suggests a crucial piece of information still missing. In this paper, we return to a fundamental aspect of physics: spin and its change within each band in the entire Brillouin zone. We employ face-centered cubic (fcc) Ni as an example and use an extremely dense k mesh to map out spin changes for every band close to the Fermi level along all the high symmetry lines. To our surprise, spin angular momentum at some special k points abruptly changes from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] simply by moving from one crystal momentum point to the next. This explains why intraband transitions, which the spin superdiffusion model is based upon, can induce a sharp spin moment reduction, and why electric current can change spin orientation in spintronics. These special k points, which are called spin Berry points [M. V. Berry, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 393 (1984) 45], are not random and appear when several bands are close to each other, so the Berry potential of spin majority states is different from that of spin minority states. Although within a single band, spin Berry points jump, when we group several neighboring bands together, they form distinctive smooth spin Berry lines. It is the band structure that disrupts those lines. Spin Berry points are crucial to laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization and spintronics.
A study of sound sources and unsteady surface pressure in an axial fan
Authors: Luo Bo , Chu Wuli , Yan Song , Shen Zhengjing , Zhang Haoguang 
Published: March 2021

The noise emitted from an axial fan has become one of the primary concerns for many industrial applications. This paper presents the work to predict the noise generation and investigate sound sources in a low speed axial fan. Computational fluid dynamics modeling is conducted using Scale Adaptive Simulation for the unsteady flow field. The sound predictions by the acoustic analogy are in good agreement with the experimental data. The results from this study show that the aerodynamic interaction between the blades and outlet vanes has a major contribution to the radiated noise spectrum. Two types of sources of narrowband humps are identified in the axial fan. The first is found at the leading edge of the blade tip, which is related to the interaction of coherent flow structures in the blade tip region. The second is found in the vicinity of the blade hub, which can be attributed to the recirculating flow and hub vortex. The noise below the frequency of 1500 Hz is mainly due to the blade-outlet vane aerodynamic interaction, manifested as the tonal sound at BPF and its harmonics, whereas above 1500 Hz the broadband component of sound is mainly related to the turbulent boundary layers.
Tromsø–Bjørnøya Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element, Barents Sea
Authors: Ryseth Alf Eivind , Similox-Tohon Dominique , Thieβen Olaf 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Tromsø–Bjørnøya Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element (CTSE) in the southwestern Barents Sea comprises strata of Late Paleozoic–Paleocene age. Since the Paleozoic Caledonian Orogeny, the structural evolution of the CTSE is mainly related to extension, culminating in Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous hyperextension. Some compressive deformation observed during Late Cretaceous–Paleogene times may relate to activity in the North Atlantic prior to the Early Eocene onset of seafloor spreading between Norway and Greenland.
The sedimentary succession may be up to 14 km thick. It comprises Late Paleozoic continental facies, followed by carbonates, evaporites, and eventually cherts and marine clastic material. The overlying Triassic–Paleocene succession is entirely siliciclastic, reflecting Triassic–Middle Jurassic deltaic and shallow-marine conditions followed by deeper-marine conditions during Late Jurassic–Paleocene times.
Primary reservoirs are encountered in the latest Triassic–Middle Jurassic succession, with secondary reservoirs found in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous synrift succession, and in Paleocene strata. The primary source rock for petroleum is of Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous age. Other source rocks include strata of Triassic and Barremian age, and a recently observed unit of Cenomanian–Early Turonian age.
Assessments of Birth Outcome of Twin Delivery and Associated Factors among Newborns in Dessie Referral Hospital, Dessie, Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Abebaw Nigusie , Abdu Mohammed , Girma Natnael 
Published: March 2021

Background. There was a fast improvement of twin’s birth outcomes in the past decade, but it was average in developing countries. Stillbirth, preterm birth, low birth weight, and birth asphyxia are the major contributors to poor twin birth outcomes. This study was crucial to address the gaps and clarify the outcome of twin delivery. Objectives. To assess the birth outcome of twin delivery and associated factors among newborns who were delivered in Dessie Referral Hospital, Ethiopia, 2019. Methods. Institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study was employed among 385 maternal records from Nov 10/2013 to Dec 10/2019. Data were selected by using a random sampling technique. Frequencies, proportion, and summary statics were used to describe the study population. The data were entered into Epi Info and exported in the SPSS version 20 for analysis. All variables with

p

value
<
0.20

in bivariable logistic regression analysis were considered for multivariable logistic regression analysis; adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to measure the association variable with

p

value
<
0.05

which was statistically significant. Results. This finding showed that the prevalence of twin birth outcome accounts 23.4% (95 % CI, 19.2–27.5). Low birth weight 9.1%, stillbirth 4.2%, Apgar score < 7 9.1%, and neonatal death 1 % were accounted. Hypertension disorder (95% CI, 6.01(2.43–14.87)), rural residence (95% CI 2.46(1.39–4.37)), PROM (95% CI 6.39(2.52–16.16)), and no ANC follow-up (95% CI, 13.47(2.49–72.85)) were significantly associated with adverse twin birth. Conclusions and Recommendations. Magnitude of twins’ adverse birth outcome was 23.4%. Hypertension disorder, rural residence, PROM, and no ANC follow-up were significant variables for twins’ adverse birth outcome. Therefore, all healthcare providers should give sustainable educations and instructions about the importance of sticking with the recommended ANC follow-up.
The Landscape of the Heritable Cancer Genome
Authors: Fanfani Viola , Citi Luca , Harris Adrian L. , Pezzella Francesco , Stracquadanio Giovanni 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have found hundreds of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with increased risk of cancer. However, the amount of heritable risk explained by SNPs is limited, leaving most of the cancer heritability unexplained. Tumor sequencing projects have shown that causal mutations are enriched in genic regions. We hypothesized that SNPs located in protein coding genes and nearby regulatory regions could explain a significant proportion of the heritable risk of cancer. To perform gene-level heritability analysis, we developed a new method, called Bayesian Gene Heritability Analysis (BAGHERA), to estimate the heritability explained by all genotyped SNPs and by those located in genic regions using GWAS summary statistics. BAGHERA was specifically designed for low heritability traits such as cancer and provides robust heritability estimates under different genetic architectures. BAGHERA-based analysis of 38 cancers reported in the UK Biobank showed that SNPs explain at least 10% of the heritable risk for 14 of them, including late onset malignancies. We then identified 1,146 genes, called cancer heritability genes (CHG), explaining a significant proportion of cancer heritability. CHGs were involved in hallmark processes controlling the transformation from normal to cancerous cells. Importantly, 60 of them also harbored somatic driver mutations, and 27 are tumor suppressors. Our results suggest that germline and somatic mutation information could be exploited to identify subgroups of individuals at higher risk of cancer in the broader population and could prove useful to establish strategies for early detection and cancer surveillance.Significance:This study describes a new statistical method to identify genes associated with cancer heritability in the broader population, creating a map of the heritable cancer genome with gene-level resolution.See related commentary by Bader, p. 2586
Oral Health and Risk of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers in a Large Prospective Study from a High-risk Region: Golestan Cohort Study
Authors: Yano Yukiko , Abnet Christian C. , Poustchi Hossein , Roshandel Gholamreza , Pourshams Akram , Islami Farhad , Khoshnia Masoud , Amiriani Taghi , Norouzi Alireza , Kamangar Farin , Boffetta Paolo , Brennan Paul , Dawsey Sanford M. , Vogtmann Emily , Malekzadeh Reza , Etemadi Arash 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTooth loss and periodontal disease have been associated with several cancers, and poor oral health may be an important risk factor for upper gastrointestinal (UGI, i.e., esophageal and gastric) cancers. We assessed the relationship between oral health and UGI cancers using a large prospective study of over 50,000 adults living in Golestan Province, Iran, a high-incidence area for these cancers. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for the association between three different measures of oral health [frequency of tooth brushing; number of missing teeth; and the sum of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT)] and UGI cancers. During a median follow-up duration of 13 years, there were 794 incident UGI cancers (396 esophageal and 398 gastric cancers). Daily tooth brushing was associated with a decreased risk of developing both esophageal (HR = 0.670; 95% CI: 0.486–0.924) and gastric (HR = 0.741; 95% CI: 0.544–1.01) cancers (combined UGI cancer HR = 0.697; 95% CI: 0.558–0.871) compared with never brushing. Tooth loss in excess of the loess smoothed, age- and sex-specific median number of teeth lost was significantly associated with esophageal (HR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.08–2.47) and gastric cancers (HR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.05–2.38). There were some adverse associations between DMFT and UGI cancers but most were not statistically significant. These results suggest increased risk of developing UGI cancers among individuals with poor oral health, and those who do not perform regular oral hygiene.Prevention Relevance:Poor oral health is associated with the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers, and oral hygiene practices may help prevent these cancers.
Physiological Evaluation of Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery Using Computed Tomography–Derived Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Adjedj Julien , Hyafil Fabien , Halna du Fretay Xavier , Dupouy Patrick , Juliard Jean‐Michel , Ou Phalla , Laissy Jean‐Pierre , Muller Olivier , Wijns William , Aubry Pierre , Abi Khalil W. , Aguirre L. , Akesbi A. , Aubry P. , Banus Y. , Belle L. , Benamer H. , Biron Y. , Boiffard E. , Bouallal R. , Boudvillain O. , Bourkaïb R. , Brasselet C. , Bressollette E. , Brunel P. , Champagnac D. , Coco M. , Commeau P. , Cook S. , Couppie P. , de Poli F. , Delorme L. , Descoutures F. , Didier R. , Ducrocq G. , Dupouy P. , Durier C. , El Mahmoud R. , Estève J.‐B. , Faurie B. , Garbarz E. , Georges J.‐L. , Gérardin B. , Gibault‐Genty G. , Gilard M. , Godin M. , Goy J.‐J. , Haffner‐Debus C. , Halna du Fretay X. , Hanssen M. , Hascoët S. , Jacquemin L. , Jeanneteau J. , Joseph T. , Juliard J.‐M. , Karsenty B. , Koning R. , La Scala E. , Leddet P. , Lemesle G. , Leurent G. , Levy R. , Livarek B. , Loubeyre C. , Maillard L. , Mangin L. , Marlière S. , Nejjari M. , Ohlmann P. , Poulos N. , Py A. , Ranc S. , Rialan A. , Roriz R. , Rougier P. , Staat P. , Thuaire C. , Togni M. , van Rothem J. , Varenne O. , Voudris V. 
Published: March 2021

Background
With the emergence of coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography, anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (ANOCOR) is more frequently diagnosed. Fractional flow reserve derived from CT (FFRCT) is a noninvasive functional test providing anatomical and functional evaluation of the overall coronary tree. These unique features of anatomical and functional evaluation derived from CT could help for the management of patients with ANOCOR. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the physiological and clinical impact of FFRCT analysis in the ANOCOR registry population.

Methods and Results
The ANOCOR registry included patients with ANOCOR detected during invasive coronary angiography or coronary CT angiography between January 2010 and January 2013, with a planned 5‐year follow‐up. We retrospectively performed FFRCT analysis in patients with coronary CT angiography of adequate quality. Follow‐up was performed with a clinical composite end point (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and unplanned revascularization). We obtained successful FFRCT analyses and 5‐year clinical follow‐up in 54 patients (average age, 60±13 years). Thirty‐eight (70%) patients had conservative treatment, and 16 (30%) patients had coronary revascularization after coronary CT angiography. The presence of an ANOCOR course was associated with a moderate reduction of FFRCT value from 1.0 at the ostium to 0.90±0.10 downstream the ectopic course and 0.82±0.11 distally. No significant difference in FFRCT values was identified between at‐risk and not at‐risk ANOCOR. After a 5‐year follow‐up, only one unplanned percutaneous revascularization was reported.

Conclusions
The presence of ANOCOR was associated with a moderate hemodynamic decrease of FFRCT values and associated with a low risk of cardiovascular events after a 5‐year follow‐up in this middle‐aged population.
Associations Between Preoperative Glucose and Hemoglobin A1c Level and Myocardial Injury After Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Park Jungchan , Oh Ah Ran , Lee Seung‐Hwa , Lee Jong‐Hwan , Min Jeong Jin , Kwon Ji‐Hye , Kim Jihoon , Yang Kwangmo , Choi Jin‐Ho , Lee Sang‐Chol , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol , Kim Kyunga , Ahn Joonghyun , Lee Sangmin Maria 
Published: March 2021

Background
Perioperative blood glucose level has shown an association with postoperative outcomes. We compared the incidences of myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) and 30‐day mortality, according to preoperative blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels.

Methods and Results

The patients were divided according to blood glucose level within 1 day before surgery. The hyperglycemia group was defined with fasting glucose >140 mg/dL or random glucose >180 mg/dL. In addition, we compared the outcomes according to HbA1c >6.5% among patients with available HbA1c within 3 months before surgery. The primary outcome was MINS, and 30‐day mortality was also compared. A total of 12 304 patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: 8324 (67.7%) in the normal group and 3980 (32.3%) in the hyperglycemia group. After adjustment with inverse probability of weighting, the hyperglycemia group exhibited significantly higher incidences of MINS and 30‐day mortality (18.7% versus 27.6%; odds ratio, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.18–1.42;
P
<0.001; and 2.0% versus 5.1%; hazard ratio, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.61–2.49;
P
<0.001, respectively). In contrast to blood glucose, HbA1c was not associated with MINS or 30‐day mortality.

Conclusions
Preoperative hyperglycemia was associated with MINS and 30‐day mortality, whereas HbA1c was not. Immediate glucose control may be more crucial than long‐term glucose control in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.

Registration

URL:
https://www.cris.nih.go.kr
; Unique identifier: KCT0004244.
Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Srivastava Pratyaksh K. , Zhang Shuaiqi , Xian Ying , Xu Hanzhang , Rutan Christine , Alger Heather M. , Walchok Jason , Williams Joseph , de Lemos James A. , Decker-Palmer Marquita R. , Alhanti Brooke , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Messé Steve R. , Smith Eric E. , Schwamm Lee H. , Fonarow Gregg C. 
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose:
Studies suggest an increased risk of adverse outcomes among patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods:
Using Get With The Guidelines–Stroke, we identified 41 971 patients (AIS/COVID-19: 1143; AIS/no COVID-19: 40 828) with AIS hospitalized between February 4, 2020 and June 29, 2020, from 458 Get With The Guidelines–Stroke hospitals with at least one COVID-19 case and evaluated clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes.

Results:

Compared with patients with AIS/no COVID-19, those with AIS/COVID-19 were younger, more likely to be non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, or Asian, more likely to present with higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, and had greater proportions of large vessel occlusions. Rates of thrombolysis and thrombectomy were similar between the groups. Door to computed tomography (median 55 [18–207] versus 35 [14–99] minutes,
P
<0.001), door to needle (59 [40–82] versus 46 [33–64] minutes,
P
<0.001), and door to endovascular therapy (114 [74–169] versus 90 [54–133] minutes,
P
=0.002) times were longer in the AIS/COVID-19 cohort. In adjusted models, patients with AIS/COVID-19 had decreased odds of discharge with modified Rankin Scale score of ≤2 (odds ratio, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.52–0.81],
P
<0.001) and increased odds of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 4.34 [95% CI, 3.48–5.40],
P
<0.001).

ConclusionS:
This analysis demonstrates younger age, greater stroke severity, longer times to evaluation and treatment, and worse morbidity and mortality in patients with AIS/COVID-19 compared with those with AIS/no COVID-19.
Religious Studies and the Spiritual Turn
Authors: Mosurinjohn Sharday , Watts Galen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article surveys the range of positions from which religious studies scholars have generally responded to the spiritual turn. We classify these as: the sociology of religion approach, the critical religion approach, and the practical study for spirituality by professional fields like business, education, and healthcare. In light of recent cultural sociological and historical scholarship on the emic folk category “spirituality” we argue that, given their foundational assumptions, each of these approaches is inadequate for achieving an accurate empirical account of the spiritual turn. We argue that for sociology of religion and critical religion to adequately respond to the professional study for spirituality, they must begin to reckon with the minority consensus developed by cultural sociologists about the spiritual turn. The minority consensus holds that the spiritual turn comprises two components: first, a semantic shift from “religion” to “spirituality,” and second, the crystallization and spread of a shared cultural structure. Coming to terms with this approach will require scholars of religion to reconsider both their assumptions about the category “religion” as well as the limits of their discipline.