bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The way to list all infinite real numbers and to construct a bijection between natural numbers and real numbers
Authors: Chen Shee-Ping 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Georg Cantor defined countable and uncountable sets for infinite sets. The set of natural numbers is defined as a countable set, and the set of real numbers is proved to be uncountable by Cantor’s diagonal argument. Most scholars accept that it is impossible to construct a bijection between the set of natural numbers and the set of real numbers. However, the way to construct a bijection between the set of natural numbers and the set of real numbers is proposed in this paper. The set of real numbers can be proved to be countable by Cantor’s definition. Cantor’s diagonal argument is challenged because it also can prove the set of natural numbers to be uncountable. The process of argumentation provides us new perspectives to consider about the size of infinite sets.
Effects of Te- and Fe-doping on the superconducting properties in FeySe1-xTex thin films
Authors: Zhang Yalin , Wang Tong , Wang Zhihe , Xing Zhongwen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
High quality FeySe1−xTex epitaxial thin films have been fabricated on TiO2-buffered SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition technology. There is a significant composition deviation between the nominal target and the thin film. Te doping can affect the Se/Te ratio and Fe content in chemical composition. The superconducting transition temperature Tc is closely related to the chemical composition. Fe vacancies are beneficial for the FeySe1−xTex films to exhibit the higher Tc. A 3D phase diagram is given that the optimize range is x = 0.13 − 0.15 and y = 0.73 − 0.78 for FeySe1−xTex films. The anisotropic, effective pining energy and critical current density for the Fe0.72Se0.94Te0.06, Fe0.76Se0.87Te0.13 and Fe0.91Se0.77Te0.23 samples were studied in detail. The scanning transmission electron microscopy images display a regular pattern without obviously scale defects at the interfacial structure.
Prediction and analysis of EDM performances considering random multiple-pulse discharges based on geometric optimization modeling
Authors: Ni Qin , Zhang Yan , Zhou Kebing , Wang Guoqian , Ji Lei , Yang Wentao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Continuous electrical discharge machining (EDM) is characterized by random discharge positions, uncertain discharge energy, extremely short discharge time, extremely narrow tool-workpiece gaps, etc. Theoretical research into the mechanisms leading to thermal erosion of material and the associated surface morphology has become urgent to allow the continued development and application of EDM technology. Firstly, multi-pulse theory and geometric optimization are utilized to derive an expression for the material removal rate and surface roughness in multi-pulse EDM. Secondly, Based on the characteristics of multi-pulse discharge, a multi-pulse numerical simulation model was established to predict the material removal volume, surface roughness and thickness of recast layer. Finally, the results predicted by the geometric and numerical models are compared with the experimental results. Experimentally, 0.176 mg of material is removed in the multi-pulse EDM; the theoretical calculation and numerical simulation of the same produce errors of 5.11% and 11.36%, respectively. The analogous results for the surface roughness are 1.623 µm, 8.93%, and 1.23%. The experimentally determined thickness of the recast layer was 5.31 µm, which corresponds to an error in the simulation error of 7.53%.
None zero circulation of electrostatic field around a partly electrostatic shielded loop
Authors: Yang Yannan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this article, a loop that is partly electrostatic shielded is analyzed. It is found that the line integral of electrostatic field around this loop is not zero. This is against the theorem that the line integral of electrostatic field around any closed loop is zero and the curl of electrostatic field is zero. When the loop is made of conductor wire, there is no electric current flowing around the loop although the line integral of electric field is not zero. A loop current driven by electrostatic field will break the law of energy conservation, so it is expected and reasonable that we cannot observe a current in the loop.
Identification and fine mapping of qPBR10-1, a novel locus controlling panicle blast resistance in Pigm-containing P/TGMS line
Authors: Wu Yunyu , Xiao Ning , Li Yuhong , Gao Qiang , Ning Yuese , Yu Ling , Cai Yue , Pan Cunhong , Zhang Xiaoxiang , Huang Niansheng , Zhou Changhai , Ji Hongjuan , Liu Jianju , Shi Wei , Chen Zichun , Liang Chengzhi , Li Aihong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Rice blast is one of the most widespread and devastating diseases in rice production. Tremendous success has been achieved in identification and characterization of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring seedling blast resistance, however, genetic studies on panicle blast resistance have lagged far behind.
Results
In this study, two advanced backcross inbred sister lines (MSJ13 and MSJ18) were obtained in the process of introducing Pigm into C134S, and showed significant differences in the panicle blast resistance. One F2 population derived from the crossing MSJ13/MSJ18 was used to QTL mapping for panicle blast resistance using Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) method. A total of 7 QTLs were identified, including a major QTL qPBR10-1 on chromosome 10 that explaining 24.21% of phenotypic variance with LOD scores of 6.62. Furthermore, qPBR10-1 was verified via the BC1F2 and BC1F3 population and narrowed to a 60.6-kb region with six candidate genes predicted, including two genes encoding exonuclease family protein, two genes encoding hypothetical protein, and two genes encoding transposon protein. The nucleotide variations and the expression patterns of the candidate genes were identified and analyzed between MSJ13 and MSJ18 through sequence comparison and RT-PCR approach, and results indicated that ORF1 and ORF2 encoding exonuclease family protein might be the causal candidate genes for panicle blast resistance in the qPBR10-1 locus.
Conclusions
A total of 7 QTLs conferring panicle blast resistance was identified from one F2 population derived from the crossing between two advanced backcross inbred sister lines MSJ13 and MSJ18, which harbored the broad-spectrum resistance gene Pigm. A major QTL qPBR10-1 was fine mapped in a 60.6-kb region with six candidate genes predicted, and ORF1 and ORF2 encoding exonuclease family protein might be the causal candidate genes for panicle blast resistance in the qPBR10-1 locus through sequence comparison and RT-PCR approach.
The Protocol-Personalized Perioperative Hemodynamic Management as Part of the ERAS Protocol in Abdominal Surgeries
Authors: Kharlamov K. Е. , Yadgarov M. Ya. , Likhvantsev V. V. 
Published: August 2021

One of the options for solving the problem of a “non-standard” patient undergoing a major and traumatic operation, perhaps, is the protocol-personalized approach to hemodynamic management.The objective: to study the efficacy and safety of using a modified protocol-personalized approach to hemodynamic management during surgical interventions on abdominal organs in elderly and senile patients.Subjects and Methods. A randomized prospective-retrospective clinical trial was conducted in parallel groups: Group 1 (control) - standard management of the perioperative period; Group 2 - standard management supplemented by the protocol-personalized approach to hemodynamic management.Results. Patients in the main group had the best parameters as per MACE outcomes (RR: 0.462, [95% CI: 0.251-0.850] p = 0.038). In the intra- and postoperative period, patients in the control group had a relatively higher risk of arrhythmias (RR: 2.517 [95% CI: 1.218; 5,200] p = 0.017).Conclusion. The use of the protocol-personalized approach results in better MACE outcomes (RR: 0.462, 95% CI: 0.251-0.850; p = 0.038) during surgical interventions on the abdominal organs in elderly and senile patients, and also, reduces the risk of arrhythmias (RR: 2.517, 95% CI:1.218; 5.200) p = 0.017.
BREAST-CONSERVING SURGERY AFTER NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Bosieva A. R. , Ermoshchenkova M. V. , Volchenko N. N. , Zikiryahodjaev A. D. 
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study was to present the most recent data on the outcomes of breast-conserving surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer patients.Material and methods. We analyzed relevant publications available in the pubmed, cochrane library, e-library databases between 1990 and 2020, and 24 of them were used to write this review.Results. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer patients is currently a widespread treatment option. The main advantage of this type of treatment for patients with early stage breast cancer is the feasibility of performing breast-conserving surgery in cases of partial or complete clinical response and, therefore, the improvement of the quality of life of patients with equivalent rates of disease-free survival compared to radical mastectomies.Conclusion. Numerous studies have shown that breast-conserving surgery following neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the safe surgery with good oncologic outcomes and an alternative to radical mastectomies in breast cancer patients. However, further studies are required to determine the optimal safe resection margin width in patients with complete and partial responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
ROLE OF MODERN IMAGING TECHNIQUES IN ADDITIONAL VIZUALISATION OF BREAST CANCER: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Ainakulova A. S. , Kaidarova D. R. , Zholdybai Zh. Zh. , Inozemtceva N. I. , Gabdullina M. O. , Karibayev I. M. 
Published: August 2021

Background. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Despite advances in treatment of breast cancer, early-stage breast cancer detection is limited by screening mammography and often requires additional breast imaging.The purpose of the study was to analyze available data on modern imaging techniques of additional breast visualization used for improving breast cancer screening.Material and methods. The review includes data from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyzes on the effectiveness of breast imaging techniques for early-stage breast cancer detection. The search was carried out in pubmed, Web of science, scopus and cochrane library databases. Out of 100 publications published over the past 7 years, 51 were included in the presented review.Results. Breast cancer screening using various imaging techniques has been carried out in the world for more than 30 years, and over the past 10 years significant progress has been made in improving X-ray, ultrasound and magnetic resonance technologies in the early breast cancer detection. At present, healthcare organizers are faced with the question of choosing a vector for improving the breast cancer screening program by introducing digital tomosynthesis, contrast spectral mammography, or accelerated mri. According to the current results of the analysis of literature data, contrast spectral mammography and accelerated mri have the highest sensitivity, but studies of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (ppv, npv) are ongoing.Conclusion. The data presented in the review confirm the necessity for finding the vector for improving the breast cancer screening program using multicenter prospective trials.
Capacitive deionization: a promising technology for water defluoridation: a review
Authors: Alfredy Tusekile , Elisadiki Joyce , Jande Yusufu Abeid Chande 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is among the promising technologies employed for water purification. CDI has been studied for the removal of various ionic species from water including fluoride ion (F−) with promising results. However, there is no comprehensive literature that summarizes the use of CDI for water defluoridation applications. Therefore, this review paper critically analyzes different electrode materials that have been studied for water defluoridation, their electrosorption capacities and F− removal efficiencies. It further discussed the parameters that influence CDI efficiency during defluoridation and point out the issues of F− selectivity when co-existing with other ions in the solution. We can conclude that different electrode materials have shown different abilities in electrosorption of F−. The carbon-based materials possess high surface area and good electrical conductivity which is paramount for ion adsorption but gives lack selectivity for F− removal. Metal oxides and hydroxides have been reported with improved electrosorption capacity and high selectivity to F− due to the ion exchange between the F− and the hydroxyls surface of the metal oxides/hydroxides. Apart from the good performance of these materials for defluoridation, the discovery of actual practical use of the electrode materials for defluoridation for commercial scale is still a need.
Education of girls in the 14th century according to Francesco da Barberino
Authors: Głusiuk Anna 
Published: August 2021

Francesco da Barberino is the author of one of the few female etiquette texts written in the Middle Ages. In this period, a number of texts on court etiquette had been written but the most of them were addressed to the male reader and only few of them were written specifically for women.
In his works, Francesco da Barberino shows the rules of court etiquette appropriate for a girl from a family of high social status the age of marriage. Thanks to his work, we have knowledge on which virtues were appreciated, what was allowed, and what type of conduct was not accepted by the society of the time.
Upregulated Long Non-coding RNA ALMS1-IT1 Promotes Neuroinflammation by Activating NF-κB Signaling in Ischemic Cerebral Injury
Authors: Lu Peng , Zhang Ye , Niu Huanjiang , Wang Yirong 
Published: August 2021

Background:
ALMS1-IT1, a recently identified lncRNA, has been proven to play a crucial role in
regulating tumor progression and predicting the survival time of tumor patients. Data analysis from the Human
Body Map (HBM) revealed that ALMS1-IT1 is expressed mainly in brain tissues.

Methods:
In this study, the role of ALMS1-IT in regulating neuro-inflammation and functional recovery was investigated
after ischemic cerebral damage. To this end, the rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion
(tMCAO) was constructed, the cell model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was established using
BV2 microglial cells, and the aberrant expression of ALMS1-IT1 was assessed in brain tissues. After ALMS1-
IT1 knockdown through intrathecal injection of Lv-shALMS1-IT1, neuro-inflammatory response and functional
tests including a modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and a foot-fault test were assessed.

Results:
The level of ALMS1-IT1 was promptly enhanced at 12 hours (h) following MCAO, peaking at 48 h,
and remaining high at day 14 compared to the sham group. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-
α) were increased after MCAO, whereas ALMS1-IT1 inhibition suppressed the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and
TNF-α in MCAO rats. The results from mNSS and foot-fault test showed that ALMS1-IT1 knockdown significantly
improved spatial learning and sensorimotor function of MCAO rats. Mechanistically, ALMS1-IT1
knockdown suppressed the activation of NF-κB signaling in vitro and in vivo, as evidenced by decreased p65
expression and p65 nuclear translocation. ALMS1-IT1 overexpression facilitated pro-inflammatory cytokines
expression in microglia, whereas the effect was blocked by treatment with JSH-23 (a specific NF-κB inhibitor).

Conclusions:
These data demonstrated that ALMS1-IT1 inhibition improved neurological function of MCAO
rats, at least in part by repressing NF-κB-dependent neuro-inflammation.
Predicting Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease with Measures of Striatal Dopaminergic Deficiency
Authors: Bishnoi Ram , Badir Marina C. , Surya Sandarsh , Youssef Nagy A. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The role of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons degeneration is well established in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. However, it is unclear if and how the degeneration of the dopamine pathways affects the manifestation of the neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging, a technique to measure the reduction in dopamine transporters is increasingly used as a tool in the diagnosis of PD.

Methods:
In this study, we examine if the baseline dopamine transporter density in the striatum
measured by the striatal binding ratio (SBR) is associated with the longitudinal onset and/or pro-
gression of NPS in PD as measured by part 1 of Movement Disorder Society - Unified Parkinson's
Disease Rating Scale, over four years. Data of patients with PD and an abnormal screening present
on 123I-ioflupane single-proton emission computed tomography were obtained from Parkinson's
Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. Latent Growth Modeling (LGM), a statistical tech-
nique that can model the change over time while considering the variability in the rate of change at
the individual level, was used to examine the progression of NPS over time.

Results:
The results indicate the SBR did not correlate with the baseline NPS but did correlate with
the rate of change of NPS (p<0.001) over the next four years, even after eliminating age-related
variance, which can be a significant confounding factor.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, this study showed gradual worsening in NPS in patients with Parkinson’s disease, which inversely correlates with the density of the dopamine transporters as measured
by SBR at baseline.
An Imaging Measurement Study of Normal Knee Parameters in Southeast China
Authors: Liu Huitong , Xu Bingqiang , Feng Eryou , Liu Shizhang , Zhang Wei , Qiu Yusheng , Zhang Yiyuan 
Published: August 2021

Background:Imaging measurement of distal femur and proximal tibia has been the hot point in the research of total knee arthroplasty and prosthesis development, which is an important treatment for patients with advanced knee joint disease. This study retrospectively investigated the digital imaging measurement of normal knee parameters in southeast China and evaluated their clinical value.Methods:From February 2010 to May 2014, and in accordance with the inclusion criteria, a total of 677 knees (334 female knees and 343 male knees) were categorized into 3 age groups. Clinical and digital imaging data, including the distal Femoral Condyle Diameter (FCD), Tibial Plateau Diameter (TPD), the distance between the medial tibial plateau and fibular head (DPF), tibiofemoral valgus angle, distal femoral valgus angle, Proximal Tibia (PT) varus angle and the angle from femoral condyle to tibial perpendicular (FT), were measured by using AutoCAD 10.0 software. All measured variables were statistically analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 18.0).Results:Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. The normal female and male femoral condyle diameter was (7.69 ± 0.46) cm and (8.68 ± 0.55) cm, while the normal female and male tibial plateau diameter was (7.66 ± 0.46) cm and (8.60 ± 0.55) cm, respectively. The normal female and male DPF was (0.76 ± 0.36) cm and (0.79 ± 0.36) cm. For females and males, the tibiofemoral valgus angle and distal femoral valgus angle were (3.89 ± 2.20) ° and (3.29 ± 2.12) °, (9.03 ± 2.18) ° and (8.25 ± 2.20) °. As the two methods to measure tibial plateau varus angle, PT angle of normal female and male was (4.29 ± 1.86) ° and (4.84 ± 2.23) °, while the normal female and male FT angle was (5.34 ± 1.95) ° and (5.52 ± 2.07) °. Based on the data obtained, we found significant differences between the two genders in terms of the femoral condyle diameter and tibial plateau diameter in all age groups (P < 0.01). The DPF parameter showed an obvious difference between the young group and the middle-aged group (P < 0.05), and no significant difference was observed between the sides and genders (P > 0.05). The distal femoral valgus angle showed statistical differences between genders in the left side of the young group and middle-aged group (P < 0.05), while angle PT and FT showed no significant difference (P > 0.05).Conclusion:A large number of knee measurements was obtained, and a local knee database was developed in this study. Imaging measurement prior to total knee arthroplasty is clinically important for increasing the accuracy and long-term efficacy of total knee arthroplasty. These data can also provide useful information for knee surgery and sports medicine as well as prosthesis development.
Quantitative Comparisons of Deep-learning-based and Atlas-based Auto-
segmentation of the Intermediate Risk Clinical Target Volume for Nasopharyngeal
Carcinoma
Authors: He Yisong , Zhang Shengyuan , Luo Yong , Yu Hang , Fu Yuchuan , Wu Zhangwen , Jiang Xiaoxuan , Li Ping 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Manual segment target volumes were time-consuming and inter-observer
variability couldn’t be avoided. With the development of computer science, auto-segmentation had
the potential to solve this problem.

Objective:
To evaluate the accuracy and stability of Atlas-based and deep-learning-based auto-segmentation
of the intermediate risk clinical target volume, composed of CTV2 and CTVnd, for nasopharyngeal
carcinoma quantitatively.

Methods and Materials:
A cascade-deep-residual neural network was constructed to automatically
segment CTV2 and CTVnd by deep learning method. Meanwhile, a commercially available software
was used to automatically segment the same regions by Atlas-based method. The datasets included
contrast computed tomography scans from 102 patients. For each patient, the two regions
were manually delineated by one experienced physician. The similarity between the two auto-segmentation
methods was quantitatively evaluated by Dice similarity coefficient, the 95th Hausdorff
distance, volume overlap error and relative volume difference, respectively. Statistical analyses
were performed using the ranked Wilcoxon test.

Results:
The average Dice similarity coefficient (±standard deviation) given by the deep-learning-
based and Atlas-based auto-segmentation were 0.84(±0.03) and 0.74(±0.04) for CTV2,
0.79(±0.02) and 0.68(±0.03) for CTVnd, respectively. For the 95th Hausdorff distance, the corresponding
values were 6.30±3.55 mm and 9.34±3.39 mm for CTV2, 7.09±2.27 mm and 14.33±3.98
mm for CTVnd. Besides, volume overlap error and relative volume difference could also predict
the same situations. Statistical analyses showed significant difference between the two auto-segmentation
methods (p<0.01).

Conclusions:
Compared with the Atlas-based segmentation approach, the deep-learning-based segmentation
method performed better both in accuracy and stability for meaningful anatomical areas
other than organs at risk.