bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of a Magnetic Fuel Ionization method in a DI Diesel Engine to Improve the Performance and Emissions
Authors: Raj Kumar A. , Janardhana Raju G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The increase in usage of the automobiles day by day releases a huge amount of exhaust emissions such as HC, CO, CO2 and NOx etc. All these pollutants in exhaust emissions mainly depend on combustion phenomena which occur in engine cylinder. The effect of incomplete combustion releases a large amount of exhaust emissions as well as low brake thermal efficiency. To address these problems a noval method of magnetic fuel ionization method is adopted to condition the fuel. In the present investigation the experiments were conducted by using permanent Neodymium N52 magnet with field intensity 12,000 Gauss (1.2 Tesla) of Mono pole and Dipole that are fixed on fuel intake manifold before the fuel injector. This magnet creates a powerful magnetic field thereby the hydrocarbons changes their orientation. Due to this the molecules interlocked with the oxygen during combustion process and produces better combustion in the engine cylinder. The enhanced combustion causes to increase in the Combustion and reduction in poisonous gases from the engine.
Extraction and Estimation of Different Active Constituents present in the different brands of Green Tea by using Analytical Methods
Authors: Swathi Konda , Munemma R , Manasa G Lakshmi , Chandrakala Bandaram 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Green tea (camellia sinensis. L) is one of the most popular highly used in nutritional supplement in the world. Ethanol and water were used as a solvent to extract active constituents from different brand of green tea like Lipton, Tetley, and Ecovalley natural green tea. The active constituents of green tea can be determined by analytical instruments like IR spectrophotometer used to know functional groups and TLC technique is used to know purity and no of different constituents of different brands of green tea. The absorbances can be determined by Colorimetry and UV spectroscopy, The DSC can be used to know the melting point of different constituents of different brands of green tea. The antioxidants present in the different brands of green tea estimated by using DPPH method. Predict the Immune booster activity of-(-) epigallo catechin gallate (EGCG) with target protein 3NG5 by docking study using the software swiss docking. By the above analytical methods, Ethanolic extract shows high percentage of yield than hot water extraction. Lipton green tea brand shows more active constituents compared to other brands of green tea.
Monitoring system based on IEC standards for irradiance and module temperature measurements in photovoltaic systems
Authors: Carhuavilca A M , Conde L A , Berastain A E , Montes-Romero J , Gosgot W , De la Casa J , Töfflinger J A , Cataño M A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Monitoring photovoltaic (PV) systems is necessary to assure their proper functioning. Mostly automated data acquisition systems (DAQ) are used for this purpose. Obtained data from DAQ are important for analysing the energy behavior of PV systems with any anomalies that may appear. It helps investors to realize economic calculations which use to estimate the return on investment. The article aims to present an open-source system that allows the acquisition and reliable recording of meteorological parameters that influence in the energy production of PV installations. The measurement processes were tested by different methods in order to comply with the standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
Silicon interface passivation studied by modulated surface photovoltage spectroscopy
Authors: Dulanto J , Sevillano-Bendezú M A , Grieseler R , Guerra J A , Korte L , Dittrich T , Töfflinger J A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate that the modulated surface photovoltage spectroscopy (modulated SPS) technique can be applied to investigate interface states in the bandgap, i.e. interface passivation, of crystalline silicon coated with a downshift layer such as hydrogenated aluminum nitride with embedded terbium ions by suppressing straylight with a cut-off filter. Different hydrogen contents influence the surface photovoltage spectra at photon energies below the bandgap of crystalline silicon. Modulated SPS reveals that at higher hydrogen content there is a lower signal and, thus, a lower density of surface defect states. Our experiments show that modulated SPS can become a powerful tool for characterizing defect states at interfaces which cannot be easily studied by other methods.
Sustainable energization of the high Andean rural region of Peru, based on renewable energy potential. A case study: San Francisco de Raymina, Ayacucho
Authors: Salvador C A , Horn M J 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe objective of the present study is to use renewable energies as a tool to achieve energy sustainability of the high Andean rural region of Peru. This work analyzes the energy situation of the rural community San Francisco de Raymina, located in the Ayacucho region at 3798 masl. Based on an energy diagnosis of the community, identifying the basic energy needs, and an evaluation of the renewable energy potential of the place, strategies are developed and efficient and viable technologies are proposed with the use of renewable energies for the sustainable energization. Particularly, as the community has very limited electricity supply, typical for many similar villages, insufficient for the development of productive activities, a local photovoltaic installation is proposed and for the necessary heating of the houses, solar passive bioclimatic designs, appropriate for the region, are proposed, as already successfully in use.
Design, construction and functional tests of a controller of illuminance and CCT of LEDs
Authors: Oscco F , Cancio A , Laura E , Horn M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the competition of the lighting market, LED technology has stood out for excellent characteristics, one of which is the possibility of dimming, compared to other technologies. The dimming capacity allows to find the comfort zone with respect to two parameters, illuminance and correlated colour temperature (CCT). The present work provides a methodology to find comfort with respect to two variables, the level of illumination and the CCT. A controller with a simple structure, supported by Arduino, is proposed to control the above-mentioned variables of LEDs. The LEDs are located on a tape attached to a heat sink. In addition, the use of a light box as an environment for analysis is proposed. The design of this cubicle is based on literature. The controller has the possibility to regulate 12 different channels and the linearity between the PWM output and the illuminance was verified. The cubicle has an area for the observer whose dimensions are 60 cm × 60 cm. In this area, the illuminance measurement was carried out over time and the almost null variation of the illuminance 347± 1 lx was confirmed while the CCT varied in a controlled way from 3000 K to 6500 K.
Financial Feasibility of Cassava Industries in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta and Central Java
Authors: Hardyastuti S , Subejo  , Maulida Y F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The successful development of cassava industry will provide economic benefits and create job opportunities for the community. Promoting cassava food products will provide more options for alternative food for society and thereby, it is expected that food diversity will promote food security. Based on the urgency, this research aims to examine the financial feasibility of cassava farming and cassava-based food manufacturers. The results show that business units are financially feasible. However, there were some opportunities to generate more profit for small farmers and small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Some business units that successfully diversify the output earned more profit margin. The research suggests that livelihood diversity through value addition strategy needs to be taken into account.
The Profitability of Sweet Potato Farming in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java
Authors: Anggraeni R , Kadarso  , Sumbodo BT , Munandar WA , Ika SR 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sweet potato production in Indonesia is spread across several provinces, including Central Java, with a harvest area of 6,348 hectares (ha), production of 145,068 tonnes, and productivity of 228.51 quintals (Ku)/ha. One of the regencies with the largest harvest area is the Karanganyar Regency, with a harvest area of 868 hectares. This present study aims to analyze the cost, revenue, income, profit, and profitability of sweet potato farming in Karanganyar Regency. Besides, the study also analyses the efficiency of farming. In this study, the analysis of sweet potato farming costs is calculated using explicit costs and implicit costs. Implicit costs include the cost of seeds and labor in the family. The explicit costs include labor outside the family, fertilizer, pesticides, taxes, equipment depreciation, and own capital interest. Forty sweet potato farmers located in Tawangmangu and Ngargoyoso District, Karanganyar, were used as samples. The sample utilizes a simple random sampling method. The data analysis used is the analysis of costs, revenues, income, profits, efficiency, profitability. Data was obtained from an interview and questionnaire to the respondents. Results of descriptive statistics indicate that the revenue received is IDR 99,488,080 per hectare, while the explicit and implicit costs are IDR 8,068,714 per hectare and IDR 26,906,990 per hectare, respectively. The farming generates income IDR 91,419,366 per hectare and obtains a profit of IDR 64,512. 376 per hectare. Sweet potato farming is classified as efficient and profitable with an efficiency value of 2.8 per hectare and a profitability value of 1.8.
Improving white oyster mushroom productivity by biogas sludge and its potential as functional foods
Authors: Rahmadian Y , Pertiwiningrum A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) is widely consumed by Indonesian people in daily life. It contains high nutrients, especially its protein content. Protein can be generated from meat but it is expensive and gives an economic burden to some people, particularly in this pandemic condition. The aim of this research was to improve the productivity of white oyster mushrooms using sludge biogas as biofertilizer and to provide alternative protein sources. The mushroom medium used in this research consisted of M1, M2, and M3, and each medium was made in three replications. Parameters observed were harvesting age, fresh weight, number of caps, stalk length, and diameter of caps. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the difference between means was determined by DMRT. All media with the sludge addition improved the growth and production of the mushroom. M2 medium demonstrated the best improvement in productivity. The increasing productivity in the M2 medium included fresh weight (118%), diameter of cap (22%), number of caps per cluster (225%), and stalk length (50%). In conclusion, the sludge biogas could be able to enhance the productivity of white oyster mushroom. The increasing production of this mushroom will affect the availability of alternative protein sources and support food safety in this pandemic situation.
The use of several maize varieties by farmers and the infestation of Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera)
Authors: Nelly N , Hamid H , Lina E C , Yunisman  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The use of plant varieties can affect the presence and extent of pest attacks. Resistant varieties will cause a lower attack rate compared to susceptible varieties. It is not yet known which varieties of maize are resistant to Fall armyworm (S. frugiperda) (FAW) in the field, because this pest is an invasive pest and entered Indonesia one year ago. Research has been carried out to study the distribution, population, and level of S. frugiperda attack on maize varieties planted by farmers in the field. The research was conducted at the first location this pest was reported in West Pasaman district, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Survey on farmers’ corn with a sampling method: purposive random sampling. Samples were taken from different varieties of corn and showed signs of S. frugiperda attack. Observations were made on the varieties planted by farmers, symptoms, larvae population, and S. frugiperda attack rate. The results of the observations were that several trademarks of maize varieties grown by farmers were: Pioneer 32, Pertiwi, Bisi 18, NK7328, and NK212. The symptoms of this pest attack were the same for all varieties of maize, while the attack rate was significantly different at the 5% level. The attack rate ranged from 6.0 to 96.0%. The lowest attack percentage was on variety Bisi18, and the highest was on variety NK212. The population of S. frugiperda larvae was found in all varieties of maize with an average of 0.70 larvae per stem.
Morphological Fingerprint of New Rice Genotypes
Authors: Aristya V E , Taryono  , Trisyono Y A , Mulyo J H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The world’s important food commodity is rice. This rice needs to be extended annually, but the production has not been able to meet the demands. The morphological parameters’ improvement is the major aim of this breeding program. Morphological fingerprint is a unique pattern of traits which consists of a genotype for identification purposes and to detect genetic diversity as the basis of rice breeding. One of the obstacles which is faced in rice cultivation is that it has poor aeration which is caused by floods. Climate change affects the potential flooding in productive fields. The land optimization under the flooding needs to be supported by tolerant genotypes rice that are able to adapt and produced high yield. The importance of morphological fingerprint through evaluations of seventeen rice genotypes in a potentially flooded environment, would increase the efficiency of the breeding programs. The study of variability on yield and these components of rice genotypes showed a wide range of variation and specificity for all traits. The Pearson correlation coefficients for fifteen characters indicated that rice yield had a positive and significant correlation with culm diameter, biomass, and harvest time. The performance of rice genotypes had a significant negative correlation on 1000-grain weight and biomass.
Review: The Effect of Protected Lemuru Fish Oil in Total Mixed Ration of Thin-Tailed Sheep
Authors: Dewi R R , Kustantinah  , Muhlisin  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sheep is one of the small ruminant producing red meat in Indonesia. Sheep meat contains higher saturated fatty acid compared to non-ruminant meat products. Meat consumption with high saturated fatty acid should be limited due to a higher risk of atherosclerosis (blood vein constriction) causing coronary heart disease. Strategy to reduce saturated fatty acid in the sheep meat should be conducted by increasing unsaturated fatty acid content in sheep meat. Accelerating unsaturated fatty acids can be done by feed supplementation containing unsaturated fatty acid. It can be done by protecting unsaturated fatty acids to avoid bio-hydrogenation process in the rumen. Lemuru fish oil can be utilized as an unsaturated fatty acid source. Supplementation of protected lemuru fish oil in total mixed ration (TMR) is considered to improve treatment effectivity, due to sheep is unable to choose certain feedstuffs and instead of ingesting the whole diets so that the consumed diet had balance nutrient. Supplementation of protected fat is suggested to not modify rumen fermentation, improving sheep performance, and increasing unsaturated fatty acid content of sheep meat. This review provides previous research studies with protected fat supplementation in sheep diet.
Overview of the IV International Conference on Agribusiness, Environmental Engineering and Biotechnologies – AGRITECH-IV – 2020
Authors: Kovalev I V , Pyzhikova N I , Voroshilova A A , Shaporova Z E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The overview describes the main directions and results of the International Conference “AGRITECH-IV-2020” held in Krasnoyarsk in November 18-20, 2020. It gives the details about the participants and the proceedings. The anchor partners of Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall were Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Volgograd State Technical University and the Volga region research Institute of manufacture and processing of meat-and-milk production. A description of the main trends in modern agribusiness science as well as in the development of the agrarian university are given in the overview.
The influence of dihydrochloride -2-methyl-4-dimethylaminomethylbenzimidazol-5-ol on the reproductive ability of the silver-black fox
Authors: Okulova I , Domsky I , Koshurnikova M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The silver-black fox belonging to the LLC breeding farm “Vyatka” of the Kirov region was used in the work. We used Arkusit, TU 9325-005-51022776-2007, (Developed by the N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemphysics and the K.I.Skriabin Moscow State Academy of Medical Sciences), is introduced without any time limits. 2 groups were formed from breeding females of the silver-black fox, according to the principle of analogous groups: control (n = 1235) and experimental (n = 1164). From breeding males of the silver-black fox, 2 groups were formed according to the principle of analogous groups: control (n = 243) and experimental (n = 217). During the experiment, animals of both groups received the general economic ration. Preparation Arkusit was introduced into the feed of breeding animals in 10-day courses with 10-day breaks for 2 months before rut and before whelping at a dose of 0.004 mg / kg of body weight. As a result, there is a decrease in the number of missed and an increase in the number of safely whelped females, an increase in the safety of live puppies and, as a consequence, an increase in the number of registered puppies per successfully whelped female from 4.9 in the control group to 5.6 puppies in the experimental group. Preparation Arcusit promotes an increase in the number of working males, their polygamy, an increase in the number of covered and safely whelped females, an increase in the number of puppies born per male (5.87 puppies) in comparison with the control group.
Methodology for identifying homogeneous consumer groups based on qualitative data
Authors: Gabidinova G S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, the author proposes a method for identifying homogeneous consumer groups based on qualitative data. The problem is that when researching the end-user market, information is often presented not in quantitative but in qualitative form. The random variables with which mathematical statistics deal are usually assumed to be numeric. Therefore, among researchers there is an opinion that achieving at least an interval level of measurement is always desirable, since it expands the researcher capabilities, giving him grounds to use data mathematical and statistical analysis traditional methods. Sociologists, on the other hand, emphasize the qualitative data enormous role in the respondents’ study. The presented methodology is based on cluster analysis, differs from the applied market segmentation methods in that it uses cluster analysis algorithms developed concerning qualitative indicators, and involves a proximity measure use that allows one to determine the natural weights between clustering variables. Also, the technique provides for the optimal partition determination based on the changes’ graph in the average internal communication, depending on the selected clusters’ number. The optimal among the partitions set is considered to be a partition in which the average internal connection increases sharply in comparison with the previous partition. Provided that the clusters’ number in each subsequent partition in comparison with the previous one is greater by one. Thus, the methodology allows identifying the existing market structure.
Mathematical modeling of the process electrostatic fumigation of grain legumes in a drum type unit
Authors: Shubkin S Yu , Buneev S S , Zakharov V L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Intensification of the processes of post-harvest processing of leguminous crops is an urgent task for enterprises of the agro-industrial complex. The improvement of the known methods of ensuring reliable protection of leguminous crops from the effects of pathogenic microflora, quarantine insect pests is of substantive interest for research. The most common way of disinfecting food is fumigation - the elimination of insect pests and pathogens with a gaseous or vaporous toxic chemical. The article discusses the process of fumigation of leguminous crops with an ionized flow of an aerodispersed mixture in a drum-type installation, and also presents the results of mathematical modeling of this process. The mathematical description of the proposed model of the fumigation process was carried out using the applied package “Mathcad”. An analytical study of the obtained mathematical model made it possible to establish a number of dependencies and patterns characterizing the course of the process of electrostatic fumigation of leguminous crops in a constant stirring mode.
Study of safety indicators for obtaining products from dried rose hips
Authors: Nitsievskaya K , Chekryga G , Motovilov O , Sherbinin V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article presents the data of microbiological changes in the process of processing dried rose hips in water extraction using ultrasonic effects. Changes in safety indicators of various product samples with different parameters of pre-preparation of dried rose hips were investigated. The technological scheme of processing the used plant raw materials is presented. The microbiological indicators of the ultrasonic effect on the microflora of dried rosehip products are described. The results of the study of mechanically crushed dried rosehip fruit samples, hydrated and non-hydrated, are ambiguous. To analyze the risk of microbiological indicators, the “bow tie” method was used, the essence of the method was to display the risk, the sources of risk and all possible consequences associated with its occurrence were considered, as well as the display of risk mitigation measures depicted in one diagram.
Use of bacteriophage cocktails for ulcerative keratitis in horses, clinical and ophthalmological justification
Authors: Sotnikova L F , Goncharova A V , Pimenov N V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the presented work, the authors assessed the possibility of using the drug from bacteriophage cocktails for the treatment of ulcerative keratitis in horses. The study was carried out on 30 horses (30 eyes), which were previously treated with antibiotics empirically, which resulted in the development of complications in the form of keratolysis and corneal abscess. On admission, horses were examined using a forehead magnifier and a portable slit lamp, and the cornea was stained with fluorescein to assess the diameter and depth of the corneal ulcer. For the treatment of horses with ulcerative keratitis and their complications, a bacteriophage was prescribed 3-5 times a day, depending on the severity of the disease. After using the bacteriophage drug, the authors noted a positive dynamics of the inflammatory process in a short period of time: vascularization and the formation of a granulation barrier with further restoration of the integrity of the cornea.