bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges in the Measurement of Gambling Product Risk: A Critical Review of the ASTERIG Assessment Tool
Authors: Delfabbro Paul , Parke Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

Recognition of the role of structural characteristics and their potential association with gambling harm has led to the development of protocols to assess the risk of gambling products. Such tools rate products on a range of ‘risk criteria’ and assign classifications that might be used to inform product design or regulatory decision-making. One of published examples of these tools is ASTERIG which assigns ratings of lowest to highest to products based on 10 criteria that include, for example: event frequency, accessibility or scale of jackpot. In this paper, we provide a critical review of this protocol and identify five principal limitations that may limit its validity and reliability. These relate to the validity of some criteria as indicators of risk; definitional issues; scoring and calibration; problems arising from collinearity or duplication; and, the omission of important criteria such as cost of play. In this paper, we highlight the challenges associated with rating product risk using ASTERIG as an example. We argue that further refinement of risk assessment tools requires the development of more rigorous conceptual frameworks both in design and application as well greater validation of risk classifications against independent data relating to the links between products and gambling-related harm.RésuméLa reconnaissance du rôle des caractéristiques structurelles et de leur association potentielle avec les maux liés aux jeux de hasard a entraîné l’élaboration de protocoles visant à évaluer le risque des produits de jeu. De tels outils évaluent les produits sur une échelle de « critères de risque » et leur classement peut servir à orienter la conception de produits ou la prise de décisions réglementaires. L’un des exemples de ces outils est ASTERIG, qui attribue aux produits une cote, de la plus basse à la plus élevée, à l’aide de dix critères, notamment la fréquence de l’événement, l’accessibilité au gros lot ou la taille de ce dernier. Nous présentons dans cet article un examen critique de ce protocole et nous cernons cinq grandes limites pouvant restreindre sa validité et sa fiabilité. Ces limites concernent la validité de certains critères en tant qu’indicateurs de risque, des questions définitionnelles, le pointage et l’étalonnage, les problèmes issus de la colinéarité ou du double compte, et l’omission de critères importants comme le coût du jeu. Nous mettons en évidence dans cet article les enjeux liés à l’évaluation du risque d’un produit à l’aide d’ASTERIG par exemple. Nous soutenons que le peaufinage des outils d’évaluation du risque nécessite la mise sur pied d’un cadre conceptuel plus rigoureux, tant sur le plan de la conception que de l’application, ainsi qu’une plus grande validation des catégories de risque par rapport à des données indépendantes sur les liens entre les produits et les maux associés aux jeux de hasard.
Understanding the Emotions of Those With a Gambling Disorder: Insights From Automated Text Analysis
Authors: Brown Terrence , Caruana Albert , Mulvey Michael , Pitt Leyland 
Published: May 2021

The diffusion and growth of the web and the social media applications that it has provided have seen people increasingly turn to social media to express their feelings, frustrations, and ambitions and to generally share life events. Like other internet users, those with a gambling disorder are also known to use specialized online forums to read the experiences articulated by others and to open up, share, and express themselves online. In this study, we examined how those with a gambling disorder talk about their emotions and express sentiment through their online comments. Sentiment Analysis in IBM Watson was used to capture expressed emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise) and sentiments. These data were then used as input to a latent class cluster modelling procedure aimed at categorizing those with a gambling disorder into distinct groups. The findings show how qualitative online data can be transformed into quantitative insights in order to identify different categories of people with a gambling disorder. The technique offers a non-intrusive method of data collection that can provide useful insights into the emotions felt and expressed by those with a gambling disorder.Résumé L’usage répandu d’applications Internet et de médias sociaux a conduit les gens à se tourner de plus en plus vers les réseaux sociaux pour communiquer leurs sentiments, leurs ambitions et ce qui se passe dans leur vie. À l’instar d’autres internautes, les personnes qui ont des problèmes de jeu fréquentent des forums spécialisés en ligne pour s’exprimer et savoir ce que vivent des gens ayant des problèmes semblables aux leurs. Cette étude examine, à travers leurs commentaires en ligne, comment ces personnes aux prises avec une dépendance au jeu parlent de leurs émotions. Nous nous servons de la fonction d’analyse des sentiments d’IBM Watson pour capturer les émotions exprimées (colère, aversion, peur, joie, tristesse et étonnement) et autres sentiments. Ces données font ensuite l’objet d’une modélisation conjuguant l’analyse des classes latentes et l’analyse par grappe, et qui vise à constituer des sous-groupes de joueurs ayant un problème de dépendance. Les résultats font voir que les données qualitatives en ligne peuvent être transformées en données quantitatives qui permettent de distinguer des sous-groupes parmi les personnes aux prises avec une dépendance au jeu. Nous traitons dans cet article de la possibilité de traitements ciblés à l’intention de ces sous-groupes, ainsi que des limites de cette méthode.
Gambling and retirement: A qualitative study of non-problem gambling in the course of life of women
Authors: Lelonek-Kuleta Bernadeta 
Published: May 2021

Studies show that differences exist in how women and men gamble. However, publications devoted to senior gamblers usually describe them as a homogeneous group without distinguishing between senior men and women. The purpose of this qualitative research was to explore the experience of gambling by older women. The article presents how interest in gambling developed in a group of older women who gamble recreationally. In-depth interviews conducted with 26 non-addicted women have revealed that in retirement they most often return to this activity known for many years, and the initiation of gambling rarely occurs during this period of life. Retired women gamble more often and more regularly than do younger women, explained by them having fewer responsibilities and more free time, yet they are able to maintain control over their spending on the game. The results of this study suggest that gambling can be valid a form of recreation in retirement, but psychoeducation about threats and the use of responsible gambling strategies is important.RésuméLes études montrent qu’il y a des différences dans la façon dont les femmes et les hommes jouent. Cependant, les publications consacrées aux aînés les décrivent généralement comme un groupe homogène, sans faire la distinction entre les hommes et les femmes. La recherche qualitative avait pour but d’examiner l’expérience du jeu chez les femmes âgées. L’article décrit la façon dont l’intérêt pour le jeu naît dans un groupe de femmes âgées qui jouent par plaisir. Des entrevues approfondies menées auprès de 26 femmes non dépendantes ont révélé qu’à la retraite, elles reviennent le plus souvent à des activités qu’elles pratiquent depuis de nombreuses années, et commencent rarement à jouer durant cette période de leur vie. Les femmes retraitées jouent plus souvent et plus régulièrement que les femmes plus jeunes, ce qu’elles expliquent par le fait qu’elles ont moins de responsabilités et plus de temps libre, mais elles arrivent toutefois à contrôler leurs dépenses en jeu. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que le jeu peut être une forme de loisir à la retraite, mais que la psychoéducation portant sur les menaces et l’emploi de stratégies de jeu responsable sont importants.
Megaliths in Tropical Africa: Social Dynamics and Mortuary Practices in Ancient Senegambia (ca. 1350 BCE – 1500 CE)
Authors: Holl Augustin F.C. 
Published: May 2021

When analyzed systematically, Tropical Africa megalithism appears to have emerged in contexts of friction between different lifeways, agriculturalists versus foragers, pastoralists versus hunter-gatherers-fishermen, or agriculturalists versus fishing folks. The monuments built were clearly part of actual territorial strategies. Research conducted by the Sine Ngayene Archaeological Project (2002-2012) frontally addressed the “Why” of the emergence of megalithism in that part of the world, and probes the reasons for the performance of the elaborate burial practices preserved in the archaeological record. This paper emphasizes the diversity and complexity of burial protocols invented by Senegambian “megalith-builders” communities from 1450 BCE to 1500 CE. Senegambian megalithism is shown to have proceeded from territorial marking imperatives, shaping a multi-layered cultural landscape through the implemented mortuary programs anchored on the construction of Ancestorhood.
Keywords: Megaliths; Senegambia; Cultural landscape; Mortuary program; Burial practice; Monolith-circle; Sine-Ngayene;
Childhood hypertension and family history of hypertension in primary school children in Port Harcourt
Authors: Okoh BAN , Alikor EAD 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine the relationship between childhood hypertension and family history of hypertension in primary school children in Port Harcourt.Methods: A stratified multi-staged sampling technique was used torecruit pupils between 6-12 years of age, from thirteen primary schoolslocated in three school districts. Data was collected using a pretestedquestionnaire completed by parents / guardians. The average of three blood pressure measurements, weight and height were taken for each pupil, using standardized techniques. Hypertension was defined as average systolic and / or diastolic blood pressure greater than or equalto the 95th percentile for age, gender and height using the standard bloodpressure charts. Family history of hypertension was defined as eitherparent indicating on the submitted questionnaire that they were hypertensive (diagnosed by a physician and/or on antihypertensive drugs)or had a family history of hypertension.Results: A total of 1302 pupils with 717 (55.1%) females and 585(44.9%) males were studied, giving a female to male ratio of 1.2:1. Themean age of pupils studied was 8.82±1.91 years. Sixty one (4.7%)of the pupils examined had hypertension. Of the 1302 pupils, 316(24.3%) had a family history of hypertension. The mean systolic(p<0.001) and diastolic (p=0.220) blood pressures were higher in childrenwith a family history of hypertension than in those without. Ofthe pupils that had a family history of hypertension, 7.9% had hypertension, while 3.7% of those that did not have a family history, werefound to be hypertensive (p=0.001).Conclusion: A family history of hypertension was associated with a higher prevalence of childhood hypertension than was seen in children without a family history of hypertension.Key words: Childhood Hypertension, Family history.
Paediatric endoscopy in Nigeria humble beginning
Authors: Ikobah JM , Ngim OE , Adeniyi F , Ekanem EE , Abiodun P 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Paediatric gastroenterology has become an established subspecialty in the last five decades in developed and some developing countries. Endoscopy is the cornerstone of this sub-specialty. In Nigeria, it is still at its infancy stage, though with increasing local interest. This is a report of the first Paediatric Endoscopy Workshop in Nigeria organized as a pre -conference by the Paediatric Association of Nigeria (PAN) and the Nigerian Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NISPGHAN).Aim: The aim of the conference was to promote and create awareness on paediatric gastroenterology as a subspecialty and introduce participants to the practice of paediatric endoscopy.Method: This was a two day preconference workshop. Paediatricians, paediatric resisdents and nurses were in attendance. One International and three National resource persons were on ground to impart the needed knowledge and skills. Training involved didactic lectures, hands-on sessions using manikins and three live sessions involving the upper gastrointestinal tract.Results: There were 40 attendees on day 1: 22 (55%) paediatric residents, 12 (30%) consultant paediatricians and six (15%) nurses. Day 2: 22 (52%) paediatric residents, 12 (29%) consultant paediatricians and eight (19%) nurses. Three children (two females and one male) had upper GI endoscopy (with biopsy done in two cases) during the pre-conference workshop as live sessions. They were aged eight, nine and 16 years. Indications for endoscopy were recurrent haematemesis in an eight year old female patient and recurrent upper abdominal pain in the other two patients (a male and a female). Gastritis was found in the two patients and this was confirmed histologically in one of the patients.Conclusion: The training stirred up participant’s interest in this subspecialty of paediatrics. It brought to fore the need for paediatric endoscopy to be developed in Nigeria. The procedure should be performed at tertiary centres at this stage of our development and the cost of it covered by the National Health Insurance Scheme. Four training centres to aid interested paediatricians and paediatric trained nurses acquire the needed skills are recommended.Keywords: Paediatric endoscopy, Calabar, Nigeria.
Steroid-induced diabetic ketoacidosis in a 14-year-old boy with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome: Case report and literature review.
Authors: Onyiriuka AN , Iduoriyekemwen NJ , Esin RY 
Published: May 2021

In this report, we described the case of a 14-year-old boy with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome who developed hyperglycaemia and ultimately, diabetic ketoacidosis, following high-dose steroid therapy for a primary renal disease. The nephrotic syndrome was diagnosed based on generalized oedema, massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and hypercholesterolaemia. Serum creatinine and random blood glucose levels were normal and there was no glycosuria. He was commenced on high dose prednisolone 40 mg 12 hourly and by the 8th day on prednisolone, he achieved remission and was discharged. However, four weeks later, he developed features of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) which was confirmed by the presence of hyperglycaemia (random blood glucose19.4 mmol/L), acidosis (serum bicarbonate 10 mmol/L) and ketonuria (2+). The DKA was managed with intravenous fluid (0.9% sodium chloride), continuous insulin infusion and antibiotics. After resolution of the DKA, he was switched to subcutaneous soluble insulin and thereafter, premixed insulin twice daily with a reduction in the dose of prednisolone and was discharged home after 30 days on admission. Blood glucose level has remained within normal range one year after discontinuing insulin and he is still in remission with regard to the nephrotic syndrome at follow up.Conclusion: The risk of diabetic ketoacidosis should be considered in the course of steroid therapy for nephrotic syndrome. To avoid missing of cases of steroid-induced diabetes mellitus, and ultimately DKA, both fasting and postprandial blood glucose values should be monitored.Key words: Adolescence, diabetes, ketoacidosis, nephrotic syndrome, steroid therapy.
Systemic lupus erythematosus in a 7-year-old girl: A first case report from northern Nigeria
Authors: Adisa AK , Adamu H , Asani MO , Aliyu I 
Published: May 2021

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune multisystemic inflammatory disease that is rare in children. Though a disease of the black race it is rarely diagnosed in black African children. Only few cases have been report in Nigeria and these were in the south. We report a case of a 7-year-old girl who presented with recurrent body swellings, an unusual rash, pericardial effusion and gastro-intestinal disturbances. The diagnosis was made after serology was found to be positive for Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA). She later developed stroke which was characterized by a convulsive episode, loss of consciousness and subsequent rightsided hemiplegia. She gradually regained consciousness after three days with residual weakness of the right side of her body. She has commenced prednisolone and is currently on follow-up at our clinic. SLE though rareshould be considered in any child with multiorgan disease, nephritis or stroke, especially after common conditions in our environment have been excluded.Key words; Systemic lupus erythematosus, serositis, stroke, nephritis, rashes.
Hypomelanosis of Ito: Case report of a rare neurocutaneous syndrome in a neonate and review of the literature.
Authors: Mukhtar-yola M , Audu LI , Otuneye AT , Mairami AB , Otubelu EC , Kefas JG , Hamza N 
Published: May 2021

Hypomelanosis of Ito (HI) though said to be the third most common neurocutaneus disorder, is rarely reported in paediatric practice in Africa. A high index of suspicion must be maintained in children with cutaneous lesions as a seizure may be the first symptom that may bring the child to attention. A case of HI in a neonate is hereby reported to sensitize clinicians about this relatively uncommon disorder
Gestational age-related neonatal survival at a tertiary health institution in Nigeria: The age of fetal viability dilemma
Authors: Audu L.I. , Otuneye AT , Mairami A.B. , Mukhtar-Yola M. , Mshelia L.J. , Ekhaguere O.A. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Although the official age of fetal viability in Nigeria is 28 weeks, there are pockets of reports some anecdotal, of survival of babies delivered at younger gestational age (GA) from different parts of the country. The routine resuscitation and management of premature infants born before the official age of fetal viability (28 weeks) is likely to generate important ethical and medical concerns that are bound to influence our approach to the management of such infants.
Aim: To determine the GAspecific neonatal mortality and survival among preterm deliveries at the National Hospital Abuja.
Subjects and Methods: A retrospective review of relevant data from the National Hospital Neonatal Registry Database based on the Research Electronic Data Capture software (REDCap) was undertaken to determine the mortality rate of preterm babies managed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from January 2017 to February 2018. Disaggregated GA specific mortality rates were also computed to determine the fetal age at which extra uterine neonatal survival rate was at least 50%. Gestational age estimation was based on mothers’ last menstrual period (LMP) in over 96% of cases.Results: Sixty-three (63) of 305 preterm babies admitted died during hospitalization giving a mortality rate of 20.7%. This was significantly higher than the mortality rate among term babies (7.5%, P=0.01) hospitalized over the same period. Antenatal corticosteroid use was low (11.2%), 188 (25.8%) received CPAP for Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), and none of the babies received surfactant or mechanical ventilation. There were no survivors among babies delivered at GA of 22-25 weeks (11, 3.6%). However, the survival rate at 26 weeks gestation was 53.8%, and this subsequently increased, reaching a peak of 96.5% survival at 35 weeks. RDS accounted for 53.9% of all deaths.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the survival rate (53.8%) of babies at GA of 26 weeks despite minimal antenatal interventions and limited postnatal respiratory support was reasonably high, and this could serve the basis for discussions for a downward review of the age of fetal viability in Nigeria.
Key words: Gestational age. Fetal viability
Cardiovascular determinants of renal dysfunction among children and adolescents in South West Nigeria
Authors: Akinbodewa A.A. , Adejumo O.A. , Ogunleye A. , Oluwafemi T.T. , Lamidi O.A. 
Published: May 2021

Background: New evidences reveal significant association of cardiovascular risk factors to development of chronic kidney disease among children and adolescents but there is paucity of data from Africa.
Objectives: We examined the association of cardiovascular risk factors to renal dysfunction among Nigerian pediatric subjects.
Materials and method: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study of pediatrics aged 2 to 17 years. Blood pressure, body mass index, serum lipids and creatinine were determined. Their glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the revised Schwartz equation. Data was analyzed with SPSS 20. Test of association was by Chi square at P <0.05.
Results: We studied 114 children and adolescents. There were 55 (48.2%) males and 59 (51.8%) females with mean age of 8.99±4.26 years. There were 68 (53.5%) children and 53 adolescents (46.5%). Four (3.5%) subjects had proteinuria ≥1+. Renal dysfunction (eGFR <60ml/ min/1.73m2) was found among 9 (7.9%) participants. Renal dysfunction was higher among children than adolescents (13.1% v 1.9%) (p = 0.027). The presence and clustering of risk factors were higher among subjects with renal dysfunction (p value 0.466, 95% CI 0.19-28.3). Low HDL-c (44.4%), prehypertension(22.2%) and overweight (22.2%) were the most prevalent risk factors among those with renal dysfunction. Only age demonstrated relationship to renal dysfunction in terms of mean difference (p value 0.007, 95% CI, 1.125-6.818).
Conclusions: The prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors is higher among children with renal dysfunction. Age showed association to renal dysfunction. Dyslipidemia and high body mass have propensity to influence the development of pediatric CKD.
Keywords: Cardiovascular risk factors, renal dysfunction, association, pediatrics, Nigeria, Africa.