bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing Dynamic Macropores in Thermo‐Responsive Hydrogel Actuator for Large‐Deformable Gripper
Authors: Lu Huanhuan , Wen Xin , Wu Baoyi , Lu Jianlei , Su Minru , Zhang Kaihang , Ni Chujun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPoly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm)‐based smart hydrogels are widely employed in emerging applications such as drug delivery and tissue engineering, because their lower critical solution temperature (LCST) is close to physiological conditions. However, the dense chain collapse during the thermo‐responsive phase transition restricts water diffusion, resulting in limited volumetric change. Here, a pure PNIPAm hydrogel that achieves a large‐scale volume transition by incorporating PNIPAm microgels, is presented. During its thermo‐responsive shrinkage, the microgels contract to 10% of their original volume, generating open macropores that serve as efficient water channels, thereby facilitating volume change of hydrogel bulk. In contrast to conventional PNIPAm hydrogels with static porous structures, these dynamic macropores disappear when the microgels return to their initial state at lower temperatures, preserving the mechanical integrity of the entire hydrogel. This enhanced deformability enables the bilayer hydrogel actuator to achieve bending angles exceeding 1150°, a sixfold increase over traditional PNIPAm‐based actuators, allowing it to function as an intelligent gripper capable of capturing small, mobile organisms. This approach, which addresses the inherent challenge of achieving large‐scale deformability in conventional bulk PNIPAm hydrogels, is distinct from existing strategies.
Experimental Study on Polymer–Polymer Interfacial Thermal Resistance
Authors: Xia Yinfeng , Saito Takushi , Kawaguchi Tatsuya 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study presents an experimental measurement of interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) at polymer–polymer interfaces using a multi‐layered bulk sample approach. ITR is commonly measured using thin‐film techniques, but new advancements enable testing in bulk materials with multilayered structures. However, traditional multilayer fabrication is often resource‐intensive and lacks consistency. This study introduces a simple rotational overlapping method for fabricating multi‐layered polymer samples for bulk ITR measurement. Combining numerical simulations with experimental validation, researchers optimize layer overlapping conditions using measured viscosity data of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polylactic acid (PLA). Samples are fabricated at viscosity‐matching temperatures, and shear forces from stirring disks create uniform layer patterns. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations elucidate the layer formation mechanism, enabling the fabrication of samples with over 112 layers within a 4.6 mm thickness. ITR testing reveals a direct correlation between layer number and thermal resistance. PE‐PP samples exhibit an average ITR of 9.58 × 10−6 K m2 W−1, with a 10.32% increase in resistance from 38 to 112 layers. Similarly, PE‐PLA samples with an ITR of 1.31 × 10−5 K m2 W−1 show a 2.8% increase from 5 to 23 layers. Overall, The experimental procedure provides valuable data to advance the understanding of ITR in polymer–polymer interfaces.
Low‐Insertion‐Loss, High‐Power Rectangular Waveguide‐To‐Coaxial Transition
Authors: Li Qian , Song Kaijun , Zou Xinjun , Fan Yong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA low‐insertion‐loss, high‐power rectangular waveguide‐to‐coaxial transition is proposed in this letter. The proposed rectangular waveguide‐to‐coaxial transition is constructed by a rectangular‐waveguide H–T junction and square coaxes. The H‐plane T‐junction is used to convert the input wave into two in‐phase waves. After passing through three 90° bends, the electric field vectors of the two in‐phase waves are in opposite directions. Then they combine at the coaxial port. The TE10 mode in the rectangular waveguide is converted to the TEM mode in the coaxial line by the transition ridge. The power capacity of the transition is increased by the N‐type connector. For verification, an X‐band rectangular waveguide‐to‐coaxial transition has been designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results show that the 20‐dB fractional bandwidth is 22.4%. The insertion loss is no more than 0.1 dB. The transmission efficiency is 97.7%. And the power capacity can reach 65 kW.
Preparation of Monodisperse Cross‐Linked Elastic Silicone Particles
Authors: Nakamoto Reina , Takeuchi Yuya , Okubo Yohei , Fujita Keisuke , Suzuki Toyoko , Minami Hideto 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMicrometer‐sized monodisperse silicone droplets are prepared through a sol–gel process involving 3‐methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane (MPDS) at room temperature for 1.5 h in the presence of NH3 as a catalyst. The size of the obtained droplets is controlled by changing the stabilizer concentration and solvent polarity. However, the obtained droplets have not maintained their particulate shape in the dry state due to the absence of a cross‐linking structure. Thus, radical polymerization is performed on the obtained silicone droplets at 70 °C for 2 h; consequently, spherical particles with high monodispersity are observed in the dry state, indicating the presence of a cross‐linked structure. Microcompression tests are conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the silicone particles. Initially, the recovery ratio (elasticity) is not high because the molecular weight of the silicone particles is low, ≈600, due to MPDS cyclization (MPDS trimer). Anionic ring‐opening polymerization is therefore performed to extend the molecular weight of the MPDS trimer. Benzyldodecyldimethylammonium bromide and tetrakis[tris(dimethylamino)phosphoranylidenamino]phosphonium chloride are used as catalysts for anionic ring‐opening polymerization. These catalysts increased the molecular weight to ≈2000 and 7600, respectively. Furthermore, the silicone particles obtained through anion ring‐opening polymerization and radical polymerization have high recovery ratios (elasticity).
Industrial Synthesis of Linear Low‐Density Polyethylene with H‐Shape Long‐Chain‐Branching Structures Using Ziegler‐Natta Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Bingyu , Chen Fengtao , Dong Jin‐Yong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA novel linear low‐density polyethylene containing H‐shape long‐chain‐branching structures (LCB‐LLDPE) is industrially synthesized with Ziegler‐Natta catalysts and gas‐phase polymerization process at the assistance of ω‐alkenylmethyldichlorosilane copolymerization‐hydrolysis chemistry. The incorporated LCB structures are characterized by NMR, SEC, and SAOS (small amplitude oscillatory shear) measurements. With a same‐sourced plain LLDPE as a comparison benchmark, the new LCB‐LLDPE is studied for its properties on various aspects, revealing, among others, significantly reinforced rheological properties, including enhanced shear‐thinning behavior, a significant strain‐hardening phenomenon in extensional flow, and substantially increased melt strength, as well as significantly improved optical properties, which all benefit its application in extrusion blow molding for thin‐film production.
Enriched EFG Method for Hydraulic Fracture Modeling in Multiphase Porous Media
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Hasan , Iranmanesh Mohammad Ali , Charmkhoran Behnam Bagheri 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe numerical investigation in this study focuses on the propagation of hydraulically driven fractures in deformable porous media containing two fluid phases. The fully coupled hydro‐mechanical governing equations are discretized and solved using the extended element‐free Galerkin method. The wetting fluid is injected into the initial crack. The pores are filled with both wetting and non‐wetting fluid phases. Essential boundary conditions are enforced using the penalty method. To model the discontinuities in field variables, the extrinsic enrichment strategy is employed. Ridge and Heaviside enrichment functions are utilized to introduce weak and strong discontinuities, respectively. The nonlinear behavior in front of the crack tip is defined by means of a cohesive crack model. Continuity equations for wetting and non‐wetting fluids through the fracture domain are expressed using Darcy's law and cubic law. The coupling terms of fluids are considered in accordance with their mass transfer among the crack and the surrounding domain, simulating the fluid leak‐off phenomenon and the fluid lag zone. The results demonstrate the success of the proposed numerical framework in simulating the intricate aspects of the hydraulic fracturing process. Sensitivity analysis is performed with varying domain permeabilities and wetting fluid viscosities to elucidate their effects on different aspects of hydraulic fracture.
Towards a Better Understanding of the Influence of Carbohydrates on the Structural, Dynamic, and Functional Properties of Fibromodulin: Crucial Insights From a Comparative In Silico Approach
Authors: Rao Rajas M. , Dauchez Manuel , Baud Stéphanie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTProteoglycans are a class of biological macromolecules that are characterized by the presence of long chains of negatively charged glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). One family of proteoglycans, the small leucine‐rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), is a class of well‐conserved proteins, which are predominantly present in the extracellular matrix and are critical components of numerous processes in the extracellular matrix. Interestingly, fibromodulin (FMOD), one of the members of the SLRP family exists both as a proteoglycan and as a glycoprotein in juveniles and old‐aged individuals, respectively. Despite their physiological significance and interesting variations in their carbohydrate composition, their structural dynamics (e.g., evolution of their structure over time), and their 3D conformational preferences remains unexplored to date. In this study, molecular modeling techniques were used to investigate the effects of changes in carbohydrate composition on fibromodulin structure and dynamics. A total of 6µs of all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations were performed on three types of fibromodulin systems: non‐glycosylated FMOD, the glycoprotein form lacking charged keratan sulfate disaccharides and fibromodulin proteoglycan with keratan sulfate GAGs. Substantial changes were found in FMOD dynamics between the three states. These changes were accompanied by modifications to the curved‐solenoid architecture of FMOD, as well as local changes in solvent accessibilities to some critical residues. A relatively rigid, negatively charged motif, with a well‐conserved sequence across various FMOD species, was identified in the unstructured N‐terminal domain. This motif was highly accessible in both the proteoglycan and glycoprotein states, despite its proximity to carbohydrate chains. These two features (rigididy and high accessibility) suggest a key role for this motif in the protein‐protein interactions established by Fibromodulin. Overall, the study provides insight into how carbohydrate composition influences protein dynamics and functions.
Registration of ‘Addi Jo’ rice
Authors: Angira Brijesh , Webster Connor , Kongchum Manoch , Dalla‐Lana Felipe , Wilson Blake , Zaunbrecher Richard E. , Dartez Valerie , Williams Brady , Theunissen Brent , Famoso Adam N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract‘Addi Jo’ (Reg. no. CV‐162; PI 701526), a high‐yielding and high‐amylose long‐grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, was developed by the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center at the H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station near Crowley, LA, and was approved for release in 2021. Addi Jo was derived from the cross ‘Thad’/‘Catahoula’. It demonstrated good yield potential and favorable agronomic characteristics in the 2018 preliminary yield trial. From 2019 to 2022, Addi Jo underwent evaluation in 32 replicated trials across nine locations in Louisiana. Four high‐yielding commercial cultivars were included as checks: ‘Mermentau’, ‘Cheniere’, ‘Jupiter’, and ‘CL153’. The grain yield of ‘Addi Jo’ was 8.8 t ha−1 compared to 8.9 t ha−1 for Mermentau, 8.3 t ha−1 for Cheniere, 9.2 t ha−1 for Jupiter, and 9.5 t ha−1 for CL153 across 24 trials from 2019 to 2022. Addi Jo had a similar plant height to Mermentau, Cheniere, and CL153, and was 4‐cm taller than Jupiter. It exhibits cooking quality similar to Thad, with high amylose and gel temperature. Addi Jo is moderately susceptible to sheath blight and bacterial panicle blight, moderately resistant to narrow brown leaf spot (Cercospora spp.), and resistant to leaf blast.
Quantitative Structure‐Property Relationship Analysis of Physical and ADMET Properties of Anticancer Drugs Using Domination Topological Indices
Authors: Kuriachan Geethu , Angamuthu Parthiban 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTChemical graph theory is an important field in mathematical chemistry that uses domination degree‐based indices to convert the chemical structure of molecules into numerical values. These indices help investigate physico‐chemical properties, pharmacokinetic properties, and biological activity in QSPR and QSAR studies. Among the most life‐threatening diseases, cancer remains a major global health concern. Various anticancer drugs like Tegafur, Floxuridine, etc., are employed to combat different cancer types. This paper designs a QSPR model to predict selected physico‐chemical and ADMET properties of these anticancer drugs using indices like the first, second, and modified first Zagreb domination topological index; forgotten, hyper, and modified forgotten domination topological index; and first, second, and modified first Zagreb ‐domination topological index; forgotten, hyper, and modified forgotten ‐domination topological index, via ‐ and ‐polynomials. The relationship analyzes for these properties with the domination degree‐based indices are conducted using the inverse cubic regression method. The results can correlate with other properties, aiding in constructing a disease‐based drug library.
Global Analytic Potential Energy Surface of PH2+ (13A″) and Dynamics Studies of the P+(3P) + D2 Reaction
Authors: Li Meirong , Li Xia , Yang Zhiyong , Zhu Ziliang , Xing Wei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe global potential energy surface (PES) of PH2+(13A″) was constructed using permutation invariant polynomial neural network method based on 18 566 ab initio energy points. In ab initio calculation, aug‐cc‐pVQZ and aug‐cc‐pwCVQZ basis sets were used for H and P+, respectively. The topographic features of the PES were discussed in detail and compared with available theoretical and experimental values. The results indicate that the PES is well fitted by using neural network method. In addition, quasi‐classical trajectory (QCT) calculations were carried out for the P+(3P) + D2 reaction in the collision energy range from 1.2 to 8.0 eV. The integral cross sections were reported and compared with experimental data. The differential cross sections were also calculated, and it reflects that the “complex‐forming” mechanism dominates the reaction in the low collision energy range, and direct abstraction mechanism plays a dominant role in the high collision energy range.
Writing in Creole Contexts: A Study of Jamaican Primary School Students
Authors: Tucker Shawna‐Kaye D. , Chalmers Hamish , Murphy Victoria A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCreole‐speaking contexts are significantly underrepresented in language and literacy research yet present a unique context for understanding the nature of language and literacy development among numerous learners in the Global South. In the Caribbean in particular, the poor writing outcomes of Creole speakers across all levels of education has been a subject of lament for educators and policymakers for several years. Given the significant differences between the home and school languages, particularly in the areas of grammar and phonology, as well as the importance of these skills in writing, it is worth exploring the nature of writing challenges among Creole dominant learners in the Caribbean. This paper outlines an empirical study exploring the nature of writing challenges experienced by Creole dominant primary school learners in the Jamaican context. As part of a larger mixed‐methods study, students completed a narrative writing task which was assessed with reference to an analytic rubric. Findings showed that beyond grammar, which has largely been the focus of extant literature, Creole dominant learners experienced significant challenges in lower‐order transcription skills and higher‐order oral language skills at the word, sentence, and text levels. Findings are discussed in line with the not‐so‐simple view of writing and recommendations for supporting the literacy development of Creole‐speaking learners in the Caribbean are outlined.
SegTest: Metamorphic Testing of Image Segmentation via Guided Instance‐Level Test Data Augmentation
Authors: Hou Zhonghao , Wang Xingya , Zhang Shijie , Chen Zhenyu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTImage segmentation software (SegSoftware) is a kind of DNN‐based image analysis software that aims to recognize the shapes and categories of instances according to their implicit semantic information. SegSoftware frequently uses in safety‐critical fields. Therefore, we should provide adequate testing to SegSoftware. Due to the high cost of manually acquiring the testing oracle for SegSoftware, we employ metamorphic testing to detect its erroneous behaviour. This paper proposes SegTest, a metamorphic testing method that primarily addresses two major challenges in applying metamorphic testing to SegSoftware: (1) devising a method for generating derived test cases, which is the data augmentation approach, and (2) finding effective metamorphic relations for automatically generating the testing oracle. Regarding the former, SegTest utilizes an instance‐level data augmentation method. It generates new test data by inserting annotated instances into the existing images. For ease of exposing erroneousness, we statistically analysed thousands of SegSoftware erroneous behaviours and formulated the guidance strategy of instance selecting and insertion positioning. As for the latter, this paper proposes a metamorphic relation to insert an instance at a position in an original image, where SegSoftware should accurately segment the inserted instance's contour and assign it the appropriate category while preserving the segmentation results of other regions unchanged. Our empirical study shows that SegTest can effectively detect thousands of erroneous behaviours of SegSoftware, and the formulated augmentation strategy achieves a 12.1%–14.1% improvement in SegSoftware erroneousness detection. SegTest also detects 7135 erroneous behaviours on the commercial IBM Segmenter, which verifies the effectiveness of erroneousness detection in practice.
Enhancing integrated water resources management in Tanzania through participatory and institutional capacity building approaches
Authors: Kwikima Muhajir Mussa 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDespite embracing integrated water resources management (IWRM), Tanzania faces water scarcity, degradation, and climate impacts because of weak implementation driven by poor stakeholder participation and inadequate institutional capacities. This mixed‐methods study aimed to analyze opportunities for advancing IWRM through participation and capacity‐building interventions. Quantitative data were obtained through questionnaires to measure capacity needs and engagement levels, with 78 representatives from important stakeholders in the Arusha, Tanga, and Morogoro regions participating. Qualitative data involved interviews and document review. Data were analyzed statistically and thematically. Stakeholders recognized IWRM's importance, but participation was limited to implementation, with the government dominating decision making. Key capacity gaps identified included hydrological monitoring (65%), legislation enforcement (60%), and financial management (52%). Enhancing multi‐stakeholder collaborative frameworks, establishing independent platforms for joint planning, and regular needs‐based training were recommended to strengthen fragmented roles, address knowledge gaps, and empower stakeholders.
How Political and Cultural Situations Are Impacting Pharma Industries
Authors: Amatulli Annabella 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe pharmaceutical industry is governed by several rules and requirements defined by Health Authorities across the world: the goal is to develop efficacious and safe medicines, to treat and protect patients. However, more than in the past, pharma industries should take care of changes imposed by cultural and social behaviors. Special attention should be paid on gender-medicine, personalized and individualized drugs/treatments, rare diseases, and development of so called “orphan drugs” and activities designed to support patients and families in need (donation of drugs, patient journey, patient support programs etc.…). But also, initiatives finalized to avoid the waste of good drugs and prescription of the right amount of medicine—this because there is the urgent need to protect the environment, reduce the waste and addressing the requests coming from the new generation of patients. The question is: how the companies can embrace these bottom-up requests in compliance with requirements and rules? How should the companies interact with Health Authorities to spread the voice of the real-world? The industry should be aware that the voice is not only the voice of patients in needs but also the one of healthy citizens that could be patients in the future.
Sustainable Production with Circular Equipment - Opportunities and Challenges in Practice
Authors: Blanke Philipp , Blondrath Aileen , Petrovic Oliver , Riesener Michael , Herfs Werner 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe importance of sustainability and reducing CO2 emissions to tackle climate change has long been recognized in the automotive industry. A key area of consideration is production itself. Until now, existing systems and equipment have often been put into storage or scrapped when products are changed, even though they could still be put to good use in other production lines. The potential lies in counteracting the waste of resources through circular resources, so that production itself becomes more sustainable. At the same time, production will become even more flexible, as it should be possible to book equipment as required and only pay for it during the utilization phase. This can become a competitive advantage for companies as it enables them to react to rapid product changes and fluctuating demand. The paper looks at the opportunities for companies to use circular equipment using the example of clamping fixtures but also highlights the current challenges that prevent their use in practice. In addition to identifying the potential of digitalization and the linking of individual life cycles, the complexity of a life cycle assessment of operating resources is shown on the one hand and what is possible with the result on the other. The new “Equipment as a Service” business model for renting equipment will also be highlighted and the associated issues of responsibility and billing will be discussed.