bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endonasal CNS Delivery System for Blood-Brain Barrier Impermeant Therapeutic Oligonucleotides Using Heterotopic Mucosal Engrafting
Authors: Pawar Grishma , Parayath Neha N. , Sharma Aditya A. , Coito Carlos , Khorkova Olga , Hsiao Jane , Curry William T. , Amiji Mansoor M. , Bleier Benjamin S. 
Published: April 2021

The most significant obstacle in the treatment of neurological disorders is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents 98% of all potential neuropharmaceuticals from reaching the central nervous system (CNS). Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most intensely studied targets in Parkinson’s disease (PD) as it can reverse disease progression. BDNF AntagoNAT’s (ATs) are synthetic oligonucleotide-like compounds capable of upregulating endogenous BDNF expression. Despite the significant promise of BDNF AT therapies for PD, they cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Our group has developed an innovative endonasal heterotopic mucosal grafting technique to provide a permanent method of permeabilizing the BBB. This method is based on established endoscopic surgical procedures currently used in routine clinical practice. Our overall goal for the study was to investigate the distribution and efficacy of BDNF AT’s using an extra-cranial graft model in naïve rats using the innovative heterotopic mucosal engrafting technique. BDNF AT cationic liposomes (ideal size range 200–250 nm) were developed and characterized to enhance the delivery to rat brain. Uptake, distribution and transfection efficiency of BDNF AntagoNAT’s in saline and liposomes were evaluated qualitatively (microscopy) and quantitatively (ELISA and AT hybridization assays) in RT4-D6P2T rat schwannoma cells and in naïve rats. In vivo therapeutic efficacy of BDNF AT’s encapsulated in liposomes was evaluated in a 6-OHDA toxin model of PD using western blot and tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. Using complimentary in vitro and in vivo techniques, our results demonstrate that grafts are capable of delivering therapeutic levels of BDNF ATs in liposomes and saline formulation throughout the brain resulting in significant BDNF upregulation in key end target regions relevant to PD. BDNF AT liposomes resulted in a better distribution in rat brain as compared to saline control. The delivered BDNF AT’s encapsulated in liposomes also conferred a neuroprotective effect in a rat 6-OHDA model of PD. As a platform technique, these results further suggest that this approach may be utilized to deliver other BBB impermeant oligonucleotide-based therapeutics thereby opening the door to additional treatment options for CNS disease.
Implementation of a Humanoid Robot as an Innovative Approach to Child Life Interventions in a Children’s Hospital: Lofty Goal or Tangible Reality?
Authors: Beran Tanya N. , Pearson Jacqueline Reynolds , Lashewicz Bonnie 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionThis study reports the findings on how Child life specialists (CLSs) implemented an innovative approach to providing therapeutic support to pediatric patients.MethodsPart of a larger study that uncovered themes about CLSs’ experiences while working with MEDi®, this study reports the reflections that CLSs have about the process of implementation. Seven CLSs participated in semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was conducted on interview data and three themes were generated.ResultsThe first was in regards to the adoption process whereby CLS challenges, successes, and surprises were revealed. Second, CLSs explained how using MEDi® aligned with the roles and responsibilities of their profession. The third area of understanding was in CLS explanation of the friendly emotional impact MEDi® seems to have on the hospital environment.ConclusionChild life specialists are encouraged to use the MEDi® robot to support children at the bedside.
Are Social Relationships an Underestimated Resource for Mental Health in Persons Experiencing Physical Disability? Observational Evidence From 22 Countries
Authors: Fekete Christine , Tough Hannah , Arora Mohit , Hasnan Nazirah , Joseph Conran , Popa Daiana , Strom Vegard , Middleton James 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: As advancing evidence on modifiable resources to support mental health in persons experiencing physical disabilities is of particular importance, we investigate whether structural and functional social relationships relate to mental health in people with spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods: Data from 12,330 participants of the International SCI community survey (InSCI) from 22 countries were analyzed. Structural (partnership status, living situation) and functional aspects of social relationships (belongingness, relationship satisfaction, problems with social interactions) were regressed on the SF-36 mental health index (MHI-5), stratified by countries and for the total sample using multilevel models.Results: Functional aspects of social relationships were consistently related to clinically relevant higher MHI-5 scores and lower risk of mental health disorders (MHI-5 &gt;56). Structural social relationships were inconsistently associated with mental health in our sample.Conclusion: This study provides evidence that functional aspects of social relationships are important resources for mental health. Interventions to establish and maintain high quality relationships should be considered in public health interventions and rehabilitation programs to reduce long-term mental health problems in persons experiencing physical disabilities.
Labor del psicopedagógo en el asesoramiento al director de secundaria básica para la prevención de enfermedades que afectan al docente
Authors: García Pujada María Isabel , Rodríguez Maden Ángela Lilia , Leyva Segura Caridad 
Published: April 2021

En la labor desarrollada por la prevención de la salud del docente, aún prevalecen insuficiencias en el conocimiento de los directivos y docentes acerca de las enfermedades que los afectan. En tal sentido, este trabajo abordó la asesoría a directivos de centros educacionales desde la labor del psicopedagogo, y su interacción con el personal docente. Con el objetivo de solucionar tales insuficiencias se elaboró una estrategia para la asesoría a directivos con el fin de prevenir las enfermedades que más afectan a los docentes de la Secundaria Básica Alberto Sosa González en Holguín, Cuba. En el proceso de investigación se emplearon métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis, inducción-deducción e histórico-lógico y la modelación para la propuesta de las actividades de la estrategia. Para el procesamiento de la información empírica: se utilizaron las técnicas directas: observación participante, la entrevista, encuestas a docentes, directivos y psicopedagoga el estudio de documentos empleados como técnica no directa para obtener información. La modelación de las actividades de la estrategia favoreció el desarrollo del cumplimiento de las acciones de la prevención por parte de los directivos a los docentes con relación a las enfermedades que los afectan y el desarrollo del autocuidado de su salud como praxis cotidiana en lo individual y grupal.
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kabupaten Cirebon
Authors: Abdurokhim Abdurokhim 
Published: April 2021

Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Kabupaten Cirebon gaya kepemimpinan yang diterapkan adalah gaya kepemimpinan demokratis. Kompensasi memegang peranan penting dalam meningkatkan kinerja pegawai, salah satu alasan utama seseorang bekerja adalah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Seseorang akan bekerja secara maksimal agar mendapat kompensasi yang sesuai. Dalam suatu instansi, pegawai senantiasa mengharapkan penghasilan yang lebih memadai. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan penelitian deskriptif analisis. Hasil uji anova atau F test didapat Fhitung sebesar 14,822 dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,000. Hal itu berarti variabel Gaya Kepemimpinan (X1) dan Kompensasi (X2) berpengaruh secara bersama - sama (Simultan) terhadap Kinerja Pegawai (Y). Hasil uji F tersebut memiliki nilai p -value 0,000 < 0,05 artinya signifikan, sedangkan Fhitung 14,822 > dari Ftabel 3,110 artinya hipotesis diterima. Besarnya pengaruh positif Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Kompensasi terhadap adalah Kinerja Pegawai sebesar 27%.
ALTERNATIVE COEFFICIENT OF CONCORDANCE IN CASE OF CONNECTED RANKS
Authors: Лубенец Ю.В. 
Published: April 2021

Рассматривается оценка согласованности мнений экспертов при проведении экспертного опроса. Наиболее часто в качестве такой оценки применяется коэффициент конкордации Кендалла. Однако этот коэффициент не может в полной мере применяться для установления хорошей согласованности мнений экспертов, поскольку он показывает только отклонение от случаев полной несогласованности. Для устранения данного недостатка может рассматриваться альтернативный коэффициент конкордации, оценивающий близость сумм рангов альтернатив к случаю полной согласованности. Здесь дается определение этого коэффициента при наличии связанных рангов. Сложность определения заключается в том, что в этом случае наблюдается несколько случаев полной согласованности с различными суммами рангов. Определение альтернативного коэффициента конкордации при наличии связанных рангов проводится в два этапа. Сначала вводится его определение для упорядоченных таблиц специального вида и показывается его совпадение с коэффициентом конкордации Кендалла в этом случае. После дается определение альтернативного коэффициента конкордации в общем случае и показывается более простая формула его вычисления. Далее приводятся некоторые примеры сравнений значений рассматриваемых коэффициентов конкордации, их статистических характеристик и гистограмм
The article considers evaluation of expert opinion consistency when conducting an expert survey. The most commonly used score is Kendall's coefficient of concordance. However, this coefficient cannot be fully applied to establish good agreement of expert opinions, as it only shows deviations from cases of complete inconsistency. To eliminate this drawback, an alternative concordance coefficient can be considered, which estimates the proximity of the sums of the ranks of the alternatives to the case of complete consistency. The article gives the definition of this coefficient in the presence of connected ranks. The difficulty of this definition lies in the fact that in this case there are several cases of complete consistency with different sums of ranks. Definition of the alternative coefficient of concordance in the presence of tied ranks is carried out in two stages. First, its definition for ordered tables of a special kind is introduced and its coincidence with Kendall's coefficient of concordance in this case is shown. After that, the definition of the alternative coefficient of concordance in the general case is given and a simpler formula for its calculation is shown. Below are some examples of comparisons of the values of the considered concordance coefficients, their statistical characteristics, and histograms
La muerte necesita pasaporte. Asesinos a sueldo en el cine español contemporáneo
Authors: Baquero-Pecino Álvaro 
Published: April 2021

Este trabajo pretende trazar un panorama de las producciones cinematográficas españolas que desde 1990 a 2010 tuvieron como protagonistas a un asesino sueldo. Para ello, se trazará una breve genealogía de las representaciones de violencia en el cine español y su relación con el desarrollo de la novela negra en España. Posteriormente, se analizarán con más detalle las películas de asesinos a sueldo españolas prestando especial atención a Beltenebros (Pilar Miró, 1991), Nadie hablará de nosotras cuando hayamos muerto (Agustín Díaz Yanes, 1995) y Sólo quiero caminar (Agustín Díaz Yanes, 2008). Mediante este análisis se mostrarán las diversas tendencias mediante las que se han ido configurando el imaginario relativo a estos personajes y cómo se redefinieron las relaciones derivadas del incremento de inmigración hacia España como consecuencia del proceso globalizador y las desigualdades agudizadas en las últimas décadas.
Reapropiación, descolonización y resistencia en la autotraducción mapuche. Adriana Paredes Pinda, Liliana Ancalao, María Teresa Panchillo y Elicura Chihuailaf
Authors: Stocco Melisa 
Published: April 2021

En nuestro análisis del carácter político de la autotraducción en la poesía mapuche contemporánea surgen dos aspectos: la singularidad de sus raíces sociohistóricas y sus alcances ético-políticos. Respecto de lo primero, consideraremos el concepto de “arreo” (Mellado 2014) para pensar las motivaciones sociohistóricas no atendidas por la traductología. En segundo lugar, y partiendo de la noción de “literatura menor” (Deleuze y Guattari 1978) analizaremos la autotraducción mapuche como contradispositivo de enunciación que se reapropia del castellano y busca poner al mapudungun en el mismo grado de legibilidad. Estas cuestiones serán interpeladas por textos de cuatro autores: Adriana Paredes Pinda, Liliana Ancalao, María Teresa Panchillo y Elicura Chihuailaf, en los cuales piensan su propia práctica escritural en dos lenguas.
Order, please! Explicit sequence learning in hybrid search in younger and older age
Authors: Wiegand Iris , Westenberg Erica , Wolfe Jeremy M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSequence learning effects in simple perceptual and motor tasks are largely unaffected by normal aging. However, less is known about sequence learning in more complex cognitive tasks that involve attention and memory processes and how this changes with age. In this study, we examined whether incidental and intentional sequence learning would facilitate hybrid visual and memory search in younger and older adults. Observers performed a hybrid search task, in which they memorized four or 16 target objects and searched for any of those target objects in displays with four or 16 objects. The memorized targets appeared either in a repeating sequential order or in random order. In the first experiment, observers were not told about the sequence before the experiment. Only a subset of younger adults and none of the older adults incidentally learned the sequence. The “learners” acquired explicit knowledge about the sequence and searched faster in the sequence compared to random condition. In the second experiment, observers were told about the sequence before the search task. Both younger and older adults searched faster in sequence blocks than random blocks. Older adults, however, showed this sequence-learning effect only in blocks with smaller target sets. Our findings indicate that explicit sequence knowledge can facilitate hybrid search, as it allows observers to predict the next target and restrict their visual and memory search. In older age, the sequence-learning effect is constrained by load, presumably due to age-related decline in executive functions.
Nursing protocol: management of older adults with sensory deﬁcits
Authors: Tkacheva O. N. , Runikhina N. K. , Kotovskaya Yu. V. , Sharashkina N. V. , Lesina E. I. 
Published: April 2021

The prevalence of sensory deﬁcits in older patients is high and is associated with falls, cognitive impairment, depression, functional impairment, disability, and mortality. Regularly assessing sensory systems and organizing adequate care measures is an essential task of nursing elderly patients. Nurses who are most in contact with patients can play a leading role in screening for sensory impairments and ensuring timely corrections.
Nutritional insufﬁciency (malnutrition) in older adults. Clinical recommendations
Authors: Tkacheva O. N. , Tutelyan V. A. , Shestopalov A. E. , Kotovskaya Yu. V. , Starodubova A. V. , Pogozheva А. V. , Ostapenko V. S. , Runikhina N. K. , Sharashkina N. V. , Krylov K. Yu. , Varaeva Yu. R. , Gerasimenko O. N. , Gorobey А. M. , Livantsova E. N. , Pereverzev A. P. , Shpagina L. A. 
Published: April 2021

This document is a clinical guideline on malnutrition in elderly and senile patients, developed by experts from the Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatricians, the National Association of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, the Union of Nutritionists, Nutritionists, and Food Industry Specialists. The Scientific and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation approved the document in December 2020. Clinical recommendations are aimed at geriatricians who provide assistance in outpatient and inpatient conditions, general practitioners, general practitioners, nutritionists, anesthesiologists-resuscitators, clinical pharmacologists, and rehabilitologists.The document outlines the principles of screening, diagnosis of malnutrition syndrome, approaches to managing, preventing, and rehabilitating patients with malnutrition, and organizing medical care for this category of persons and criteria for quality control of its provision.
IntelligenceGym — is an effective tool to improve cognitive functions in the elderly
Authors: Trushkova Nina V. , Zelano G. 
Published: April 2021

Aim. The aim of our study was to verify the effectiveness of the innovative IntelligenceGym training in improving cognitive abilities in the elderly.Material and methods. We developed an original training method that requires interaction between motor and cognitive functions. In our study 123 women and 89 men, aged 68–76 were examined. The inclusion criteria were Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores of 23 to 25 at inclusion, autonomy in walking, medical certification to participate in light physical activity. We have proposed to the participants to attend IntelligenceGym training one hour twice a week for 24 weeks. Cognitive performance was assessed before and after intervention included MMSE, Forward and Backward Digit Span Test, Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning test (RAVLT), TMT-A, TMT-B. Moreover, motor performance was tested by using the Time Up and Go (TUG) test.Results.The cognitive assessment after IntelligenceGym training showed statistically significant improvement in all the scores tested (t-test performed). The results showed that participants of the IntelligenceGym training had particularly improved performance in Digit Span, MMSE and TMT-B tests and also improvements in motor TUG test.Conclusion. These findings indicate that the IntelligenceGym training is an efficient tool to improve cognitive performance in older adults with borderline or mild cognitive deficiency.
Black Magic üzüm çeşidinde organik ve organomineral gübre uygulamalarının verim, kalite ve bitki beslemeye etkileri
Authors: Demir Serkan , Tangolar Serpil 
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma, 1103 P asma anacı üzerine aşılı Black Magic üzüm çeşidine organik ve organomineral sıvı gübrelerin verim, kalite ve bitki beslemeye etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla planlanmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Çalışmada yapraktan ve topraktan olmak üzere organik (BioGas, sırasıyla, 400 cc 100 L-1 ve 4 L da-1) ve organomineral (AminoSEL-K, sırasıyla, 300 cc 100 L-1 ve 4L da-1) gübre uygulamaları ayrı ayrı ve birlikte yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda verim ve salkım ağırlığı ile bitki besleme üzerine gübre uygulamalarının etkisi önemli çıkmamış, şıra özellikleri üzerine etki önemli bulunmuştur. En yüksek Suda Çözünebilir Kuru Madde değeri, organomineral (% 17.63) ve organik+organomineral (% 17.48) uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada uygulama şeklinin önemli olduğu saptanmıştır. En yüksek verim ve salkım ağırlığı (sırasıyla, 8145 g ve 407.3 g) yapraktan yapılan uygulamalardan elde edilmiştir.Genel Yorum: Sonuç olarak gübreler ve uygulama şekli konusunda kesin yargıya varabilmek için çalışmanın devam eden yıllarda da sürdürülmesinin uygun olacağı kanısına varılmıştır.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Çalışmada kullanılan sıvı organik ve organomineral gübrelerin yapraktan uygulanmasıyla üzüm verimi ve kalitesi üzerine etkilerinin ilk yıldan itibaren görülebileceği, devam eden yıllarda da etkinin artarak devam edeceği görüşü oluşmuştur.
An Astronomical Image Content-based Recommendation System Using Combined Deep Learning Models in a Fully Unsupervised Mode
Authors: Teimoorinia Hossen , Shishehchi Sara , Tazwar Ahnaf , Lin Ping , Archinuk Finn , Gwyn Stephen D. J. , Kavelaars J. J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We have developed a method that maps large astronomical images onto a two-dimensional map and clusters them. A combination of various state-of-the-art machine-learning algorithms is used to develop a fully unsupervised image-quality assessment and clustering system. Our pipeline consists of a data pre-processing step where individual image objects are identified in a large astronomical image and converted to smaller pixel images. This data is then fed to a deep convolutional auto-encoder jointly trained with a self-organizing map (SOM). This part can be used as a recommendation system. The resulting output is eventually mapped onto a two-dimensional grid using a second, deep, SOM. We use data taken from ground-based telescopes and, as a case study, compare the system’s ability and performance with the results obtained by supervised methods presented by Teimoorinia et al. The availability of target labels in this data allowed for a comprehensive performance comparison between our unsupervised and supervised methods. In addition to image-quality assessments performed in this project, our method can have various other applications. For example, it can help experts label images in a considerably shorter time with minimum human intervention. It can also be used as a content-based recommendation system capable of filtering images based on the desired content.
The Evolution of Plasma Composition during a Solar Flare
Authors: To Andy S. H. , Long David M. , Baker Deborah , Brooks David H. , van Driel-Gesztelyi Lidia , Laming J. Martin , Valori Gherardo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We analyze the coronal elemental abundances during a small flare using Hinode/EIS observations. Compared to the preflare elemental abundances, we observed a strong increase in coronal abundance of Ca xiv 193.84 Å, an emission line with low first ionization potential (FIP < 10 eV), as quantified by the ratio Ca/Ar during the flare. This is in contrast to the unchanged abundance ratio observed using Si x 258.38 Å/S x 264.23 Å. We propose two different mechanisms to explain the different composition results. First, the small flare-induced heating could have ionized S, but not the noble gas Ar, so that the flare-driven Alfvén waves brought up Si, S, and Ca in tandem via the ponderomotive force which acts on ions. Second, the location of the flare in strong magnetic fields between two sunspots may suggest fractionation occurred in the low chromosphere, where the background gas is neutral H. In this region, high-FIP S could behave more like a low-FIP than a high-FIP element. The physical interpretations proposed generate new insights into the evolution of plasma abundances in the solar atmosphere during flaring, and suggests that current models must be updated to reflect dynamic rather than just static scenarios.