bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Competency-based Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Curriculum Significantly Improves General Surgery Residents’ Operative Performance and Decreases Skill Variability
Authors: Huffman Elizabeth M. , Choi Jennifer N. , Martin John R. , Anton Nicholas E. , Nickel Brianne L. , Monfared Sara , Timsina Lava R. , Dunnington Gary L. , Stefanidis Dimitrios 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
To demonstrate the feasibility of implementing a CBE curriculum within a general surgery residency program and to evaluate its effectiveness in improving resident skill.

Summary of Background Data:
Operative skill variability affects residents and practicing surgeons and directly impacts patient outcomes. CBE can decrease this variability by ensuring uniform skill acquisition. We implemented a CBE LC curriculum to improve resident performance and decrease skill variability.

Methods:
PGY-2 residents completed the curriculum during monthly rotations starting in July 2017. Once simulator proficiency was reached, residents performed elective LCs with a select group of faculty at 3 hospitals. Performance at curriculum completion was assessed using LC simulation metrics and intraoperative operative performance rating system scores and compared to both baseline and historical controls, comprised of rising PGY-3s, using a 2-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum test. PGY-2 group’s performance variability was compared with PGY-3s using Levene robust test of equality of variances; P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Twenty-one residents each performed 17.52 ± 4.15 consecutive LCs during the monthly rotation. Resident simulated and operative performance increased significantly with dedicated training and reached that of more experienced rising PGY-3s (n = 7) but with significantly decreased variability in performance (P = 0.04).

Conclusions:
Completion of a CBE rotation led to significant improvements in PGY-2 residents’ LC performance that reached that of PGY-3s and decreased performance variability. These results support wider implementation of CBE in resident training.
Characteristics and Donation Outcomes of Potential Organ Donors Perceived to Be at Increased Risk for Blood-borne Virus Transmission: An Australian Cohort Study 2010–2018
Authors: Waller Karen M.J. , De La Mata Nicole L. , Rosales Brenda M. , Hedley James A. , Kelly Patrick J. , Thomson Imogen K. , O’Leary Michael J. , Cavazzoni Elena , Ramachandran Vidiya , Rawlinson William D. , Wyburn Kate R. , Webster Angela C. 
Published: March 2021

Background.
Safely increasing organ donation to meet need is a priority. Potential donors may be declined because of perceived blood-borne virus (BBV) transmission risk. With hepatitis C (HCV) curative therapy, more potential donors may now be suitable. We sought to describe potential deceased donors with increased BBV transmission risk.

Methods.
We conducted a cohort study of all potential organ donors referred in NSW, Australia, 2010–2018. We compared baseline risk potential donors to potential donors with increased BBV transmission risk, due to history of HIV, HCV or hepatitis B, and/or behavioral risk factors.

Results.
There were 624 of 5749 potential donors (10.9%) perceived to have increased BBV transmission risk. This included 298 of 5749 (5.2%) with HCV (including HBV coinfections) and 239 of 5749 (4.2%) with increased risk behaviors (no known BBV). Potential donors with HCV and those with increased risk behaviors were younger and had fewer comorbidities than baseline risk potential donors (P < 0.001). Many potential donors (82 with HCV, 38 with risk behaviors) were declined for donation purely because of perceived BBV transmission risk. Most were excluded before BBV testing. When potential donors with HCV did donate, they donated fewer organs than baseline risk donors (median 1 versus 3, P < 0.01), especially kidneys (odds ratio 0.08, P < 0.001) and lungs (odds ratio 0.11, P = 0.006).

Conclusions.
Many potential donors were not accepted because of perceived increased BBV transmission risk, without viral testing, and despite otherwise favorable characteristics. Transplantation could be increased from potential donors with HCV and/or increased risk behaviors.
Recent changes in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers
Authors: O’Brien Emily C. , Xu Haolin , Cohen Lauren W. , Shenkman Elizabeth A. , Rothman Russell L. , Forrest Christopher B. , Hernandez Adrian F. 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionEarly COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates suggest that up to one-third of HCWs may be vaccine-hesitant. However, it is unclear whether hesitancy among HCWs has improved with time and if there are temporal changes whether these differ by healthcare worker role.MethodsIn October 2020, a brief survey was sent to all participants in the Healthcare Worker Exposure Response and Outcomes (HERO) Registry with a yes/no question regarding vaccination under emergency use authorization (EUA): “If an FDA emergency use-approved vaccine to prevent coronavirus/COVID-19 was available right now at no cost, would you agree to be vaccinated?” The poll was repeated in December 2020, with the same question sent to all registry participants. Willingness was defined as a “Yes” response, and hesitancy was defined as a “No” response. Participants were stratified into clinical care roles. Baseline demographics of survey respondents at each timepoint were compared using appropriate univariate statistics (chi-squared and t-tests). Analyses were descriptive, with frequencies and percentages reported for each category.ResultsOf 4882 HERO active registry participants during September 1 – October 31, 2020, 2070 (42.4%) completed the October survey, and n=1541 (31.6%) completed the December survey. 70.2% and 67.7% who were in clinical care roles, respectively. In October, 54.2% of HCWs in clinical roles said they would take an EUA-approved vaccine, which increased to 76.2% in December. The largest gain in vaccine willingness was observed among physicians, 64.0% of whom said they would take a vaccine in October, compared with 90.5% in December. Nurses were the least likely to report that they would take a vaccine in both October (46.6%) and December (66.9%). We saw no statistically significant differences in age, race/ethnicity, gender, or medical role between time points. When restricting to the 998 participants who participated at both time points, 69% were vaccine-willing at both time points; 15% were hesitant at both time points, 13% who were hesitant in October were willing in December; and 2.9% who were willing in October were hesitant in December.ConclusionsIn a set of cross-sectional surveys of vaccine acceptance among healthcare workers, willingness improved substantially over 2 calendar months during which the US had a presidential election and two vaccine manufacturers released top-line Phase 3 trial results. While improved willingness was observed in all role categories, nurses reported the most vaccine hesitancy at both time points.
Preparation of large-scale digitization samples for automated electron microscopy of tissue and cell ultrastructure
Authors: Dittmayer Carsten , Goebel Hans-Hilmar , Heppner Frank L. , Stenzel Werner , Bachmann Sebastian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractManual selection of targets in experimental or diagnostic samples by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), based on single overview and detail micrographs, has been time- consuming and susceptible to bias. Substantial information and throughput gain may now be achieved by automated acquisition of virtually all structures in a given EM section. Resulting datasets allow convenient pan-and-zoom examination of tissue ultrastructure with preserved microanatomical orientation. The technique is, however, critically sensitive to artifacts in sample preparation. We therefore established a methodology to prepare large-scale digitization samples (LDS) designed to acquire entire sections free of obscuring flaws. For evaluation, we highlight the supreme performance of scanning EM in transmission mode compared to other EM technology. The use of LDS will substantially facilitate access to EM data for a broad range of applications.
The Cell Surface Receptors Ror1/2 Control Cardiac Myofibroblast Differentiation
Authors: Chavkin Nicholas W. , Sano Soichi , Wang Ying , Oshima Kosei , Ogawa Hayato , Horitani Keita , Sano Miho , MacLauchlan Susan , Nelson Anders , Setia Karishma , Vippa Tanvi , Watanabe Yosuke , Saucerman Jeffrey J. , Hirschi Karen K. , Gokce Noyan , Walsh Kenneth 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundA hallmark of heart failure is cardiac fibrosis, which results from the injury-induced differentiation response of resident fibroblasts to myofibroblasts that deposit extracellular matrix. During myofibroblast differentiation, fibroblasts progress through polarization stages of early pro-inflammation, intermediate proliferation, and late maturation, but the regulators of this progression are poorly understood. Planar cell polarity receptors, receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 1 and 2 (Ror1/2), can function to promote cell differentiation and transformation. In this study, we investigated the role of the Ror1/2 in a model of heart failure with emphasis on myofibroblast differentiation.Methods and ResultsThe role of Ror1/2 during cardiac myofibroblast differentiation was studied in cell culture models of primary murine cardiac fibroblast activation and in knockout mouse models that underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery to induce cardiac injury by pressure overload. Expression of Ror1 and Ror2 were robustly and exclusively induced in fibroblasts in hearts after TAC surgery, and both were rapidly upregulated after early activation of primary murine cardiac fibroblasts in culture. Cultured fibroblasts isolated from Ror1/2-KO mice displayed a pro-inflammatory phenotype indicative of impaired myofibroblast differentiation. Although the combined ablation of Ror1/2 in mice did not result in a detectable baseline phenotype, TAC surgery led to the death of all mice by day 6 that was associated with myocardial hyper-inflammation and vascular leakage.ConclusionsTogether, these results show that Ror1/2 are essential for the progression of myofibroblast differentiation and for the adaptive remodeling of the heart in response to pressure overload.
Positive supercoiling favors transcription elongation through lac repressor-mediated DNA loops
Authors: Xu Wenxuan , Yan Yan , Artsimovitch Irina , Dunlap David , Finzi Laura 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSome proteins, like thelacrepressor (LacI), mediate long-range loops that alter DNA topology and create torsional barriers. During transcription, RNA polymerase generates supercoiling that may facilitate passage through such barriers. We monitoredE. coliRNA polymerase progress along templates in conditions that prevented, or favored, LacI-mediated DNA looping. Tethered particle motion measurements revealed that RNA polymerase paused longer at unlooped LacI obstacles or those barring entry to a loop than those barring exit from the loop. Enhanced dissociation of a LacI roadblock by the positive supercoiling generated ahead of a transcribing RNA polymerase within a torsion-constrained DNA loop may be responsible. In support of this, RNA polymerase transcribed a looped segment more slowly than an unlooped segment and paused more briefly at LacI obstacles on positively supercoiled templates, especially under increased tension (torque). Positive supercoiling propagating ahead of polymerase appears to facilitate elongation along topologically-complex, protein-coated templates.
Widespread translational control regulates retinal development in mouse
Authors: Chen Kaining , Chen Congying , Li Huihui , Yang Jiaqi , Xiang Mengqing , Wang Hongwei , Xie Zhi 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTRetinal development is tightly regulated to ensure the generation of appropriate cell types and the assembly of functional neuronal circuitry. Despite remarkable advances that have been made in understanding the regulation of gene expression during retinal development, how translational regulation guides retinogenesis is less understood. Here, we conduct a comprehensive translatome and transcriptome survey to the mouse retinogenesis from the embryonic to the adult stages. We discover thousands of genes that have dynamic changes at the translational level and pervasive translational regulation in a developmental stage-specific manner with specific biological functions. We further identify genes whose translational efficiencies are frequently controlled by changing usage in the upstream open reading frames during retinal development. These genes are enriched for biological functions highly important to neurons, such as neuron projection organization and microtubule-based protein transport. Surprisingly, we discover hundreds of previously uncharacterized micropeptides, translated from putative long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs. We validate their protein productsin vitroandin vivoand demonstrate their potentials in regulating retinal development. Together, our study presents a rich and complex landscape of translational regulation and provides novel insights into their roles during retinogenesis.
Vibration analysis of an aviation engine turbine shaft shield
Authors: Noga Stanisław , Maciejowska Kaja , Rogalski Tomasz 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to deal with the problem of vibration in an aircraft engine turbine shaft shield. The physical model of the system under study is inspired by the PZL-10W aviation jet engine shaft shield and is a structure of the profile circular arc. The main goal of the presented research is to develop a modal model of the discussed object. Another task is to determine the impact of the shaft shield damage on the change of dynamic parameters (the values of the natural frequencies and changing of the shape of the corresponding natural forms) of the discussed object. Finally, the task is connected with the calculation of the excitation speeds of the discussed shaft shield’s respective natural frequencies.

Design/methodology/approach
To realize the main goal finite element method simulation and experimental investigation were conducted. The quality of the achieved models is determined based on the relative error of natural frequencies and the similarity to normal modes established on the basis of the modal assurance criterion (MAC) indicator. The Campbell diagram was used to calculate the excitation speeds of the discussed shaft shield’s respective natural frequencies.

Findings
The obtained results indicate the changes in the dynamic properties of the shaft shield as a result of its cracking. On the basis of the adopted measurement (MAC indicator), the level of similarity was established between the numerical simulation results and the measurement results for the undamaged shield. Verification of the different mode shapes using the CrossMAC tool is an effective method, which allows comparing of the shape of the natural form and may be helpful in the process of adjusting modal models to the results of experimental tests.

Practical implications
It is important to note that as a result of using commercial software (ANSYS program) and a commercial measuring system (Bruel and Kjaer), the presented analysis can be attractive for design engineers dealing with the dynamics of aviation systems.

Originality/value
The paper presents the authors’ original approach to the dynamic analysis of the aviation engine turbine shaft shield, which can be useful for engineers dealing with the issue of vibration in shaft shield systems.
Towards crisis protection(ism)? COVID-19 and selective de-globalization
Authors: Branicki Layla , Sullivan-Taylor Bridgette , Brammer Stephen 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Drawing on Wendt’s (1995, 1999) thin constructivist approach to international relations this paper aims to critically examine how the measures taken by the Australian Government to protect the country from coronavirus (COVID-19) have prompted politicians and opinion-makers to mobilize globalizing and de-globalizing discourses towards divergent conceptualizations of national resilience.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper examines 172 Australian political and media articles, which focus on both COVID-19 and globalization/de-globalization published between February and June 2020. The data were imported to NVivo to enable in-depth thematic analysis.

Findings
The paper develops the concept of crisis protectionism to explain how COVID-19 has been mobilized in discourses aimed at accelerating selective de-globalization in Australia. Selective de-globalization is inductively theorized as involving material structures (i.e. border closures), ideational structures (i.e. national identity) and intersubjectivities (i.e. pre-existing inter-country antagonisms).

Research limitations/implications
The paper relies upon publicly available data about Australian discourses that relate to a unique globally disrupting extreme event.

Practical implications
Crisis protectionism and selective de-globalization are important to multinational enterprises (MNE) that operate in essential industry sectors (e.g. medical supply firms), rely upon open borders (e.g. the university sector) and for MNEs entering/operating in a host country experiencing antagonistic relationships with their home country.

Originality/value
The paper extends Witt’s (2019) political theorization of de-globalization towards a socialized theory of de-globalization. By rejecting liberal and realist explanations of the relationship between COVID-19 and de-globalization, this study highlights the importance and endogeneity of non-market risks and non-economic logic to international business and MNE strategy.
Understanding the intention to revisit a destination by expanding the theory of planned behaviour (TPB)
Authors: Abbasi Ghazanfar Ali , Kumaravelu Janani , Goh Yen-Nee , Dara Singh Karpal Singh 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to unearth the factors that influence tourists’ revisit intention. The proposed model of the study is grounded on using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and extending it with additional variables, i.e. satisfaction, destination image, perceived risk, service quality and perceived value.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted a cross-sectional approach to collect data. The data were collected by conducting a field survey questionnaire on 330 respondents and were analysed using partial least squares version 3.2.9.

Findings
The results show that perceived behavioural control, perceived value, destination image and satisfaction significantly affect visitors’ revisit intention. The influence of perceived value, perceived service quality and destination image on satisfaction is also confirmed. On the other hand, satisfaction is found to be a significant mediator between perceived service quality, destination image and perceived value.

Originality/value
The extended TPB model that includes perceived service quality, perceived value, perceived risk and satisfaction provided a model with a theoretical basis to explain tourist revisit intentions to a tourist destination.
Providing, Performing and Protecting: The Importance of Work Identities in Negotiating Conflicting Work–Family Ideals as a Single Mother
Authors: Radcliffe Laura , Cassell Catherine , Malik Fatima 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aims of this paper are twofold. First, we aim to expand understanding of work–family experiences beyond the prevalent emphasis on traditional couple‐headed families within organization and management literatures by focusing on the experiences of employed single mothers. Second, we aim to gain insight into how work and family meanings may be negotiated in the context of heightened conflicting ideals and demands. Drawing on rich qualitative data from in‐depth interviews and diaries, our findings make three important contributions to the existing work–family literature. First, we show that conflicting work and family ideals are not only exacerbated for single mothers, but viable narrative strategies with which to negotiate this conflict are also restricted. Second, we highlight how narratives constructed around the meaning of work are key to single mothers’ negotiation of conflicting work and family ideals and identify three work narratives drawn upon by single mothers focused on providing, performing and protecting. Finally, we demonstrate how shifts between single mothers’ work narratives are particularly influenced by progression opportunities and a supportive work environment. We conclude by making suggestions for future work–family research.
Early‐ and late‐onset postpartum depression exhibit distinct associated factors: the IGEDEPP prospective cohort study
Authors: Tebeka S , Le Strat Y , Mandelbrot L , Benachi A , Dommergues M , Kayem G , Lepercq J , Luton D , Ville Y , Ramoz N , Mullaert J , Dubertret C ,   IGEDEPP Groups
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for early‐ and late‐onset postpartum depression (PPD) among a wide range of variables, including sociodemographic characteristics, childhood trauma, stressful life events during pregnancy and history of personal and family psychiatric disorders, and to assess the contribution of each risk factor.DesignNested case–control study in a prospective longitudinal cohort study.SettingEight maternity departments in the Paris metropolitan area, France.SampleA cohort of 3310 women with deliveries between November 2011 and June 2016.MethodsCases were women with early‐ or late‐onset PPD. Controls were women without depression during pregnancy or the postpartum period. Logistic regression adjusted on sociodemographic variables was performed for each outcome and a multivariable model was proposed based on a stepwise selection procedure.Main outcome measuresEarly‐ and late‐onset PPD assessed at 2 months and 1 year postpartum, respectively.ResultsStressful life events during pregnancy have a dose–response relationship with both early‐ and late‐onset PPD.ConclusionsEarly‐ and late‐onset PPD presented distinct patterns of determinants. These results have important consequences in terms of prevention and specific care.Tweetable abstractEarly‐ and late‐onset postpartum depression are associated with stressful life events and psychiatric history.
Non‐destructive DNA recovery from handwritten documents using a dry vacuum technique
Authors: McLaughlin Patrick , Hopkins Christian , Springer Eliot , Prinz Mechthild 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInvestigations of many crimes such as robberies, kidnappings, and terrorism are often associated with the recovery of a paper document which has been written by the perpetrator. Paper can provide a variety of forensic evidence such as DNA, latent fingermarks, and indented writing. The focus of this study was DNA recovery from handwritten notes through a vacuum suction device while preserving the other evidence types and the integrity of the document. Copy paper was used to create handwritten documents and sheets with deliberate fingerprints, and indentations. The homemade vacuum device consists of a glass pipette blocked with a moistened swab and attached to a vacuum source. The method collected sufficient DNA amounts for DNA typing analysis with 80% of the 11 copy paper samples tested giving probative DNA profiles with five being eligible for DNA database entry. DNA recovery was also tested on other commonly encountered paper types. DNA quantities would have been sufficient for STR typing for approximately 50% of manila envelopes and notebook paper samples, but not for magazine pages and bank deposit slips. Deliberate sebaceous and eccrine latent fingermarks placed onto copy paper and developed with magnetic fingerprint developer or 1,2 indanedione were not affected by the vacuum swabbing technique. Simulated robbery notes with indented writing and processed using an Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA) demonstrated no interference through the DNA collection. This vacuum‐based collection method enables laboratories to reverse the current questioned document workflow and start with DNA collection.