bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Insight on Exophytic Serous Borderline Adnexal Tumors: Specific Sonographic Features
Authors: Haddad Leila , Kugelman Nir , Shapiro Israel , Bakry Hasan , Weizman Boris , Korobochka Roman , Sagie Shlomi , Said‐Idris Suraya , Bejar Jacob , Leibovitz Zvi 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo characterize and compare the sonographic features of exophytic serous borderline ovarian tumors (ESBOT) with those of high‐grade serous carcinoma of the ovary (HGSC).MethodsSeven patients with histological diagnosis of ESBOT diagnosed between 2011 and 2019 and 10 consecutive cases of HGSC detected during 2019, both depicting an exophytic growth pattern, were identified retrospectively. The sonographic imaging of the masses was reassessed and characterized according to the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis terms.ResultsA unilateral irregular solid adnexal mass was demonstrated in all patients with ESBOT. The mass typically wrapped an apparently normal ovary, with a clear demarcation line depicted between them and it contained tiny cystic inclusions and calcifications. On color Doppler study of all the ESBOT cases, a unique vascular pattern could be demonstrated: an intratumoral vascular bundle originating from the ovarian vessels and supplying a rich radial blood flow to the tumor periphery. These characteristic morphological and color Doppler features could not be observed in any of the HGSC cases (P < .001). In 42.8% of the patients with ESBOT, additional unilocular‐solid components (ipsilateral or contralateral) could be detected, whereas all the HGSC patients presented with a multilocular‐solid tumor morphology (P < .001). The interface of the external mass border with the adjacent pelvic walls was regular in all the cases with ESBOT, whereas in 80% of HGSC patients, it was irregular, suggesting invasiveness (P = .002).ConclusionsESBOT can mimic HGSC. Our results suggest that ESBOT has specific B‐mode and color Doppler features, enabling differentiation from HGSC and planning appropriate intervention.
Optimization of tillage rotation and fertilization increased the soil organic carbon pool and crop yield in a semiarid region
Authors: Zhang Xia , Lu Sixu , Wang Chenguang , Zhang Afeng , Wang Xudong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTillage and mineral fertilization are important strategies for maintaining crop production, but their effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) and labile fractions in semiarid regions are controversial. A 10‐year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of fertilization and tillage on SOC stock, labile fractions, soil quality and crop yields in a wheat–maize cropping system at the Loess Plateau. Results showed that balanced fertilization could provide comprehensive nutrition for crops and increase the crop residue input carbon, thereby increasing the SOC, readily oxidizable carbon, particulate organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon contents. In 0–50 cm layers, the SOC stock was increased by 3% under balanced fertilization compared to conventional fertilization. For tillage, no‐tillage (zero tillage) and subsoiling rotation with less soil disturbance and higher stabilization rate of input carbon was the most effective tillage practice for increasing SOC stock. This tillage technique increased the labile carbon contents by 41%–63%, 5%–19% and 26%–67% compared to ploughing in 0–10 cm, 20–35 cm and 35–50 cm layers, respectively. Balanced fertilization combined with no‐tillage and subsoiling rotation (BF + NS) increased carbon pool management index due to higher SOC and labile carbon contents, which contributed to the improvement of soil quality and the promotion of crop growth. Among all treatments, BF + NS treatment produced the highest SOC stock as well as wheat and maize yields. Therefore, BF + NS is the best strategy to increase SOC sequestration and to improve soil quality and productivity in semiarid regions.
Plants use rhizosphere metabolites to regulate soil microbial diversity
Authors: Bi Boyuan , Wang Kun , Zhang He , Wang Yu , Fei Hongyan , Pan Ruopeng , Han Fengpeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSpecific metabolites and secondary metabolites produced by plants and soil microbes play key roles in regulating organismal behaviour. At present, the variations in soil microbial communities mediated by plant rhizosphere metabolism in arid environments are still poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the rhizosphere soil (RS) and bulk soil (BS) associated with five plant species adapted to the climate in the Mu Us Sandy Land and analysed the chemical composition of soil metabolites, microbial community composition and diversity, edaphic factors, and their relationships. Some metabolites with ecological functions (such as fatty acids, monoacylglycerides and diterpenoids) were detected in the RS and BS of the five plants. Correlation analysis results show that fatty acids and diterpenoids were significantly negatively correlated with drought‐adapted bacterial (Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi) and fungal taxa (class Glomeromycetes and family Nectriaceae), and the bacterial class Rubrobacteria and two fungal phyla Ascomycota and Glomeromycota were significantly negatively correlated with fatty acids and diterpenoids, respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Monte Carlo permutation results confirm that fatty acids and diterpenoids played critical roles in the variation in the soil microbial communities. Although soil edaphic factors (such as microbial biomass carbon and basal respiration) played important roles in shaping the microbial community, the results of partial least squares path modelling (PLS‐PM) show that plant‐mediated rhizosphere metabolism was the primary factor that affected microbial alpha and beta diversities. We conclude that plants under drought stress regulate microbial community structures by releasing certain fatty acids and secondary metabolites (such as diterpenoids). In addition, the bioactive metabolites released from the rhizosphere affect the soil microbial community more significantly and directly than edaphic factors. Overall, our study provides insight into the underground ecological processes mediated by plant rhizosphere metabolism.
The cell phone vibration test: A telemedicine substitute for the tuning fork test
Authors: Yang Alex , Lewis Robert J. , Watson Nora , Riley Charles A. , Tolisano Anthony M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveAn at home‐test for differentiating between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss remains elusive. Our goal was to validate the novel cell‐phone vibration test (CPVT) against the Weber tuning fork test (WTFT) and to assess if the CPVT can be self‐administered by patients reliably.Study designCross‐sectional.MethodsThe CPVT involves placement of a vibrating cellphone on the center of the forehead to determine which ear perceives the sound louder. 40 consecutive adult patients with an audiogram within 6 months and no report of recent hearing changes were recruited. Group 1 consisted of 20 patients who were examined by the provider with the CPVT and WTFT using various tuning forks (256, 512, and 1024 Hz). Group 2 consisted of an additional 20 patients who received instructions on self‐administering the CPVT. Kappa statistics were calculated to assess the strength of concordance between the CPVT, WTFT, and audiometric findings for group 1 and between patient self‐administered and provider administered CPVT and WTFT for group 2.ResultsConcordance between CPVT and WTFT in the entire cohort was substantial (Kappa coefficient: 0.81 for 256 Hz, 0.73 for 512 Hz, and 0.62 for 1024 Hz) with similar concordances between actual and expected results based on audiogram (Kappa coefficient: 0.52 for CPVT and 0.52 for WTFT). Concordance between patient‐administered and provider‐administered CPVT showed almost perfect agreement (Kappa coefficient: 0.92).ConclusionsThe CPVT provides consistent results when compared to a formal WTFT and can be reliably self‐administered by patients with appropriate instructions.Level of evidence: 4
Dissolved and particulate carbon export from a tropical mangrove‐dominated riverine system
Authors: Ray Raghab , Miyajima Toshihiro , Watanabe Atsushi , Yoshikai Masaya , Ferrera Charissa M. , Orizar Iris , Nakamura Takashi , San Diego‐McGlone Maria Lourdes , Herrera Eugene C. , Nadaoka Kazuo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite being a major component in the mangrove carbon (blue carbon) budget, “outwelling” flux (or export to the sea) has gained little attention relative to other biogeochemical fluxes and reservoir carbon stock estimations. This study aims to estimate lateral exchange fluxes of dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC, POC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from the watershed through a microtidal mangrove‐dominated estuary to the coastal sea in Panay Island, Philippines. Along the estuarine transect, consistent addition of DOC, DIC, and POC at higher salinities were attributed to mangrove organic matter input. Upstream groundwater input (carbonate weathering) and downstream mangrove organic matter decomposition (possibly sulfate reduction) were the main controls on DIC. DOC corresponded to relatively pure mangrove sources in creek water, while POC was a mixture of detrital and algal organic matter. The mangrove system acted as net exporter of carbon to the sea in both dry and wet seasons. From short‐term observations, outwelling fluxes of mangrove‐derived DOC, DIC, and POC contributed 27–53%, 8–31%, and 42%, respectively, to their estuarine outflow. Unlike other studies, such low percentage for DIC might result from other external nonmangrove input (e.g., watershed carbonate weathering). Overall estuarine carbon flux was dominated by DIC (90–95%) with only minor contribution from DOC. The approach utilized in this study to estimate lateral carbon flux specific to a small mangrove setting can be useful in delineating blue carbon budgets that avoid geographical and methodological biases.
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of methane ebullition in lowland headwater streams and the impact on sampling design
Authors: Robison Andrew L. , Wollheim Wilfred M. , Turek Bonnie , Bova Cynthia , Snay Carter , Varner Ruth K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHeadwater streams are known sources of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere, but their contribution to global scale budgets remains poorly constrained. While efforts have been made to better understand diffusive fluxes of CH4 in streams, much less attention has been paid to ebullitive fluxes. We examine the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of CH4 ebullition from four lowland headwater streams in the temperate northeastern United States over a 2‐yr period. Ebullition was observed in all monitored streams with an overall mean rate of 1.00 ± 0.23 mmol CH4 m−2 d−1, ranging from 0.01 to 1.79 to mmol CH4 m−2 d−1 across streams. At biweekly timescales, rates of ebullition tended to increase with temperature. We observed a high degree of spatial heterogeneity in CH4 ebullition within and across streams. Yet, catchment land use was not a simple predictor of this heterogeneity, and instead patches scale variability weakly explained by water depth and sediment organic matter content and quality. Overall, our results support the prevalence of CH4 ebullition from streams and high levels of variability characteristic of this process. Our findings also highlight the need for robust temporal and spatial sampling of ebullition in lotic ecosystems to account for this high level of heterogeneity, where multiple sampling locations and times are necessary to accurately represent the mean rate of flux in a stream. The heterogeneity observed likely indicates a complex set of drivers affect CH4 ebullition from streams which must be considered when upscaling site measurements to larger spatial scales.
Cell Adhesion on UV‐Crosslinked Polyurethane Gels with Adjustable Mechanical Strength and Thermoresponsiveness
Authors: Breul Katharina , Stengelin Elena , Urschbach Moritz , Mondeshki Mihail , Wüst Laura , Sirleaf Jason , Seitel Sebastian , Emt Theresa , Pschierer Sarah , Besenius Pol , Seiffert Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTemperature‐responsive polyurethane (PU) hydrogels represent a versatile material platform for modern tissue engineering and biomedical applications. However, besides intrinsic advantages such as high mechanical strength and a hydrolysable backbone composition, plain PU materials are generally lacking bio‐adhesive properties. To overcome this shortcoming, the authors focus on the synthesis of thermoresponsive PU hydrogels with variable mechanical and cell adhesive properties obtained from linear precursor PUs based on poly(ethylene glycol)s (pEG) with different molar masses, isophorone diisocyanate, and a dimerizable dimethylmaleimide (DMMI)‐diol. The cloud point temperatures of the dilute, aqueous PU solutions depend linearly on the amphiphilic balance. Rheological gelation experiments under UV‐irradiation reveal the dependence of the gelation time on photosensitizer concentration and light intensity, while the finally obtained gel strength is determined by the polymer concentration and spacing of the crosslinks. The swelling ratios of these soft hydrogels show significant changes between 5 and 40 °C whereby the extent of this switch increases with the hydrophobicity of the precursor. Moreover, it is shown that the incorporation of a low amount of catechol groups into the networks through the DMMI dimerization reaction leads to strongly improved cell adhesive properties without significantly weakening the gels.
Mechanically Robust Elastomers Enabled by a Facile Interfacial Interactions‐Driven Sacrificial Network
Authors: Yu Wei‐Wei , Xu Wen‐Zhe , Wei Yan‐Chan , Liao Shuangquan , Luo Ming‐Chao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStrength and toughness are usually mutually exclusive for materials. The sacrificial bond strategy is used to address the trade‐off between strength and toughness. However, the complex construction process of sacrificial network limits the application of sacrificial network. This work develops a facile strategy to construct an interfacial interactions‐driven sacrificial network. The authors' group finds that there are the interfacial interactions between arginines (A) aggregates and molecular chains. Such interfacial interactions result in the mechanical properties of samples having a strong dependence on extension rates, which shows that A aggregates construct a network structure by interfacial interactions. The interfacial interactions between A aggregates and chains improve the strength of samples; while the A aggregate network driven by interfacial interactions preferentially ruptures to dissipate large energy for the improvement of fracture toughness, which can be considered as a sacrificial network. Therefore, their designed elastomers have both high strength and high toughness. This work provides an easier strategy for the construction of sacrificial networks, which can promote the industrial application of sacrificial networks in elastomer materials.
Mild Parkinsonian Signs: A Systematic Review of Clinical, Imaging, and Pathological Associations
Authors: Buchanan Sarah M. , Richards Marcus , Schott Jonathan M. , Schrag Anette 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTMild parkinsonian signs (MPS) have been widely studied during the past 3 decades and proposed as a risk marker for neurodegenerative disease. This systematic review explores the epidemiology, clinical and prognostic associations, radiological features, and pathological findings associated with MPS in older adults free from neurodegenerative disease. We find that MPS as currently defined are strongly associated with increasing age and increased risk of development of Parkinson's disease (PD), all‐cause dementia, disability, and death. Positive associations with later PD are found mainly in younger populations and those with other features of prodromal PD. There are currently no consistent radiological findings for MPS, and pathological studies have shown that MPS, at least in the oldest old, are often underpinned by mixed neuropathologies, including those associated with Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease, nigral neuronal loss, and Lewy bodies. Different subcategories of MPS appear to convey varying risk and specificity for PD and other outcomes. MPS overall are not specific for parkinsonian disorders and, although associated with increased risk of PD, can reflect multiple pathologies, particularly in older individuals. “Mild motor signs” appears a more appropriate term to avoid prognostic and pathological implications, and larger future studies to prospectively examine outcomes and associations of specific MPS subcategories are required. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
HINT1 founder mutation causing axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia in South America: A case report
Authors: de Aguiar Coelho Silva Madeiro Bianca , Peeters Kristien , Santos de Lima Elker Lene , Amor‐Barris Silvia , De Vriendt Els , Jordanova Albena , Cartaxo Muniz Maria Tereza , da Cunha Correia Carolina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecessive loss‐of‐function mutations in HINT1 are associated with predominantly motor axonal peripheral neuropathy with neuromyotonia. Twenty‐four distinct pathogenic variants are reported all over the world, including four confirmed founder variations in Europe and Asia. The majority of patients carry the ancient Slavic founder variant c.110G>C (p.Arg37Pro) that shows a distribution gradient from east to west throughout Europe.MethodsWe report a case of HINT1 neuropathy in South America, identified by massive parallel sequencing of a neuropathy gene panel. To investigate the origin of the variant, we performed haplotyping analysis.ResultsA Brazilian adolescent presented with recessive axonal motor neuropathy with asymmetric onset and fasciculations. Neuromyotonia was found on needle electromyography. His parents were not consanguineous and had no European ancestry. The patient carried biallelic pathogenic p.Arg37Pro alterations in the first exon of HINT1. Both alleles were identical by descent and originated from the same ancestral founder allele as reported in Europe.ConclusionOur findings expand the geographic distribution of HINT1 neuropathy to South America, where we describe a recognized founder variant in a Brazilian adolescent with no apparent European ancestry. We confirm the association of the hallmark sign of neuromyotonia with the disease.
Intra‐abdominal vascularized lymph node transfer for treatment of lymphedema: A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Yunzhu , Dong Ruijia , Li Zhujun , Wang Liquan , Long Xiao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs a promising treatment for lymphedema, vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) is associated with a risk of iatrogenic lymphedema. Intra‐abdominal vascularized lymph node flap has been increasingly applied to minimize complication.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Sciences, and Cochrane databases were searched systematically. Clinical articles describing the application of intra‐abdominal flaps to treat lymphedema were included. Study characteristics, patient demographics, and operative details were recorded. Primary outcomes were recorded as circumference/volume reduction, episodes of cellulitis reduction and lymph flow assessment. Secondary outcomes were recorded as donor‐site complication and recipient‐site complication.ResultsTwenty‐one studies met the inclusion criteria with 594 patients in total. Donor‐sites of flaps were omental/gastroepiploic, jejunal, ileocecal, and appendicular. The mean reduction rate ranged from 0.38% to 70.8%. Significant reduction in infectious episodes was reported in 10 studies. The pooled donor‐site complication rate was 1.4% (95% CI, 0%–4.1%;I2 = 40%). The pooled recipient‐site complication rate was 3.2% (95% CI, 1.4%–5.5%;I2 = 39%). The most common donor‐site complication was minor ileus requiring prolonged nasogastric tube replacement. No donor site lymph disfunction occurred.ConclusionIntra‐abdominal VLNT is an effective technique for patients with lymphedema with no obvious impairment to donor‐site lymph function, as long as the operation is properly performed.
Reliability of MRI radiomics features in MR‐guided radiotherapy for prostate cancer: Repeatability, reproducibility, and within‐subject agreement
Authors: Xue Cindy , Yuan Jing , Poon Darren MC , Zhou Yihang , Yang Bin , Yu Siu Ki , Cheung Yin Kin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThe MR‐guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) images on the integrated MRI and linear accelerator (MR‐LINAC) might facilitate radiomics analysis for longitudinal treatment response assessment. However, the reliability of MRgRT radiomics features is largely unknown. This study aims to investigate MRgRT radiomics feature reliability acquired using a standardized 3D‐T2W‐TSE sequence in terms of repeatability, reproducibility, and within‐subject feature agreement on a 1.5T MR‐simulator and a 1.5T MR‐LINAC for prostate cancer (PC).MethodsTwenty‐six consecutive PC patients who underwent one MRI‐simulator scan and two MR‐LINAC scans before dose delivery were retrospectively included. The three MRI datasets were rigidly co‐registered. 1023 first‐order and texture radiomics features were extracted with different intensity bin widths for each scan in the manually segmented clinical target volume (CTV) and planning target volume (PTV) by an experienced radiation oncologist. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate feature repeatability between MR‐LINAC scans and reproducibility between MRI‐simulator and MR‐LINAC scans. The within‐subject feature value agreements were evaluated using Bland–Altman analysis. The impact of inter‐observer segmentation on the radiomics feature reliability was also examined based on the second manual segmentation of CTV and PTV by an MRI researcher.ResultsBased on the segmentation by the radiation oncologist and the default bin width of 25, 9.6%, 24.1%, 49.6%, and 16.8% of the total 1023 features exhibited excellent (ICC > 0.9), good (0.9 > ICC > 0.75), moderate (0.75 > ICC > 0.5), and poor (ICC < 0.5) repeatability in the CTV, and 9.2%, 26.8%, 50.5%, and 13.5% in the PTV, respectively. For reproducibility, the corresponding feature percentages were 8.9%, 19.7%, 41.9%, and 29.6% in the CTV, and 8.4%, 17.8%, 47.9%, and 26% in the PTV. Feature reliability was not notably influenced by intensity bin width for discretization.BA analysis revealed wide 95% limit‐of‐agreements and substantial biases of feature values between CTV and PTV and between any two MRI scans. The features even with excellent ICC were still subjected to considerable inter‐scan feature variations in each individual subject. The analysis on the second segmentation by the MRI researcher showed insignificantly different feature repeatability and reproducibility in terms of ICC values.ConclusionsOnly a small proportion of features exhibited excellent/good repeatability and reproducibility, highlighting the importance of reliable MRgRT feature selection. The within‐subject feature values were subjected to considerable inter‐scan variations, imposing a challenge on the determination of the smallest detectable change in future MRgRT delta‐radiomics studies.