bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of mortality among patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in a critical care or hospital care unit: analysis of the French national medicoadministrative database
Authors: Ouattara Eric , Bruandet Amelie , Borde Aurélie , Lenne Xavier , Binder-Foucard Florence , Le-bourhis-zaimi Maggie , Muller Joris , Tran ba loc Pierre , Séguret Fabienne , Tezenas du Montcel Sophie , Gilleron Véronique 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo explore mortality risk factors for patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in a critical care unit (CCU) or a hospital care unit (HCU).DesignRetrospective cohort analysis using the French national (Programme de médicalisation des systèmes d’information) database.SettingAny public or private hospital in France.Participants98 366 patients admitted with COVID-19 for more than 1 day during the first semester of 2020 were included. The underlying conditions were retrieved for all contiguous stays.Main outcome measuresIn-hospital mortality and associated risk factors were assessed using frailty Cox models.ResultsAmong the 98 366 patients included, 25 765 (26%) were admitted to a CCU. The median age was 66 (IQR: 55–76) years in CCUs and 74 (IQR: 57–85) years in HCUs. Age was the main risk factor of death in both CCUs and HCUs, with adjusted HRs (aHRs) in CCUs increasing from 1.60 (95% CI 1.35 to 1.88) for 46 to 65 years to 8.17 (95% CI 6.86 to 9.72) for ≥85 years. In HCUs, the aHR associated with age was more than two times higher. The gender was not significantly associated with death, aHR 1.03 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.09, p=0.2693) in CCUs. Most of the underlying chronic conditions were risk factors for death, including malignant neoplasm (CCU: 1.34 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.43); HCU: 1.41 (95% CI 1.35 to 1.47)), cirrhosis without transplant (1.41 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.64); 1.27 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.45)) and dementia (1.30 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.46); 1.07 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.12)).ConclusionThis analysis confirms the role of age as the major risk factor of death in patients with COVID-19 irrespective to admission to critical care and therefore supports the current vaccination policies targeting older individuals.
Non-urgent emergency department attendances in children: a retrospective observational analysis
Authors: Simpson Rebecca M , O'Keeffe Colin , Jacques Richard M , Stone Tony , Hassan Abu , Mason Suzanne M 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionA significant proportion of ED attendances in children may be non-urgent attendances (NUAs), which could be better managed elsewhere. This study aimed to quantify NUAs and urgent attendances (UAs) in children to ED and determine which children present in this way and when.MethodsDataset extracted from the CUREd research database containing linked data on the provision of care in Yorkshire and Humber. Analysis focused on children’s ED attendances (April 2014–March 2017). Summary statistics and odds ratios (OR) comparing NUAs and UAs were examined by: age, mode and time of arrival and deprivation alongside comparing summary statistics for waiting, treatment and total department times.ResultsNUAs were more likely in younger children: OR for NUA in children aged 1–4 years, 0.82 (95% CI: 0.80 to 0.83), age 15 years, 0.39 (95% CI: 0.38 to 0.40), when compared with those under 1 year. NUAs were more likely to arrive out of hours (OOHs) compared with in hours: OR 1.19 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.20), and OOHs arrivals were less common in older children compared with those under 1 year: age 1–4 years, 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84 to 0.89) age 15 years, 0.66 (95% CI: 0.63 to 0.69). NUAs also spent less total time in the ED, with a median (IQR) of 98 min (60–147) compared with 127 min (80–185) for UAs.ConclusionA substantial proportion of ED attendances in children are NUAs. Our data suggest there are particular groups of children for whom targeted interventions would be most beneficial. Children under 5 years would be such a group, particularly in providing accessible, timely care outside of usual community care opening hours.
Prevalence of type 2 diabetes by age, sex and geographical area among two million public assistance recipients in Japan: a cross-sectional study using a nationally representative claims database
Authors: Sengoku Tami , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Goto Yoshihito , Iwao Tomohide , Ohtera Shosuke , Sakai Michi , Kato Genta , Nakayama Takeo , Takahashi Yoshimitsu 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundRecognising the importance of the social determinants of health, the Japanese government introduced a health management support programme targeted at type 2 diabetes (T2D) for public assistance recipients (PAR) in 2018. However, evidence of the T2D prevalence among PAR is lacking. We aimed to estimate T2D prevalence by age and sex among PAR, compared with the prevalence among health insurance enrollees (HIE). Additionally, regional differences in T2D prevalence among PAR were examined.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study using 1-month health insurance claims of both PAR and HIE. The Fact-finding Survey data on Medical Assistance and the National Database of Health Insurance Claims data were used. T2D prevalence among PAR and HIE were assessed by age and sex, respectively. Moreover, to examine regional differences in T2D prevalence of inpatients and outpatients among PAR, T2D crude prevalence and age-standardised prevalence were calculated by prefecture. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was also conducted at the city level.ResultsT2D crude prevalence was 7.7% in PAR (inpatients and outpatients). Among outpatients, the prevalence was 7.5% in PAR and 4.1% in HIE, respectively. The mean crude prevalence and age-standardised prevalence of T2D (inpatients and outpatients) among 47 prefectures were 7.8% and 3.9%, respectively. In the city-level analysis, the OR for the prevalence of T2D by region ranged from 0.31 to 1.51.ConclusionThe prevalence of T2D among PAR was higher than HIE and there were regional differences in the prevalence of PAR. Measures to prevent the progression of diabetes among PAR by region are needed.
JME-001 phase II trial of first-line combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, pemetrexed, and nivolumab for unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Miyamoto Yosuke , Kozuki Toshiyuki , Aoe Keisuke , Wada Sae , Harada Daijiro , Yoshida Michihiro , Sakurai Jun , Hotta Katsuyuki , Fujimoto Nobukazu 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundJME-001 is a phase II trial assessing the efficacy and safety of cisplatin, pemetrexed, and nivolumab as first-line therapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM).Patients and methodsPatients with untreated, unresectable MPM with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of 0–1 were included. The primary endpoint is the centrally reviewed objective response rate. The secondary endpoints include (1) response rate assessed by investigators, (2) disease control rate, (3) overall survival, (4) progression-free survival, (5) duration of response, and (6) time to response. Safety and adverse events will also be evaluated. Cisplatin (75 mg/m2), pemetrexed (500 mg/m2), and nivolumab (360 mg/body) were administered intravenously every 3 weeks with a total of 4–6 cycles. If patients did not progress during the combination phase, maintenance therapy with nivolumab was administered until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Tissue samples were required and collected for programmed death ligand 1 analysis.ResultsEighteen patients (mean age 69.2 years, 15 men) were enrolled between January 2018 and May 2019. The ECOG PS was 0 in 3 patients and 1 in 15 patients. Fourteen (77.8%; 95% CI 52.4% to 93.6%) patients had an objective response. The disease control rate was 94.4% (95% CI 72.7% to 99.9%). Fourteen (77.8%) patients had partial response (PR), three had stable disease, and one was not evaluable. Tumor shrinkage was observed in 10/14 (71.4%) patients with epithelioid, and 2/2 (100%) patients with sarcomatoid or biphasic histological subtype had PR. Ten (55.6%) patients experienced grade 3 or worse adverse events, including disorder of metabolism or nutrition (33.3%), loss of appetite (27.8%), anemia (16.7%), and hyponatremia (11.1%). No treatment-related deaths occurred.ConclusionsThe safety and efficacy of this study strongly support a definitive trial of this combination.Trial registration numberUMIN000030892.
Passive heat acclimation does not modulate processing speed and executive functions during cognitive tasks performed at fixed levels of thermal strain
Authors: Barry Hadiatou , Gendron Philippe , Gagnon Christine , Bherer Louis , Gagnon Daniel 
Published: October 2021

This study evaluated if passive controlled hyperthermia heat acclimation modulates cognitive performance during passive heat stress. Eight healthy adults (25 ± 4 years) underwent 7 consecutive days of hot water immersion (core temperature ≥38.6 °C) and a 7-day time-control period. On days 1 and 7 of heat acclimation, participants performed a digital Stroop test at baseline, when core temperature reached 38.6 °C, and after 60 minutes at a core temperature ≥38.6 °C to evaluate reaction time during tasks targeting processing speed (reading and counting) and executive functions (inhibition and switching). On days 1 and 7 of the time-control intervention, participants performed the Stroop test with equivalent amounts of time separating each task as for heat acclimation. During day 1 of heat acclimation, reaction time was quicker during the reading (–44 ms [–71 to –17], P < 0.01) and counting (–39 ms [–76 to –2], P = 0.04) tasks when the rectal temperature reached 38.6 °C, but after a further 60 minutes of heat exposure, reaction time only remained quicker during the reading task (–56 ms [–83 to –29], P < 0.01). Changes in reaction time during heat exposure were unaffected by subsequent heat acclimation (interaction, all P ≥ 0.09). In conclusion, 7 days of heat acclimation does not modulate processing speed and executive functions during passive heat exposure. Novelty: Whether heat acclimation improves cognitive performance during heat exposure remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that heat acclimation modulates reaction time during cognitive tasks performed at matched levels of thermal strain. Despite the classical signs of heat acclimation, reaction time during heat exposure is unaffected by heat acclimation.
Multimeric Anti-DR5 IgM Agonist Antibody IGM-8444 Is a Potent Inducer of Cancer Cell Apoptosis and Synergizes with Chemotherapy and BCL-2 Inhibitor ABT-199
Authors: Wang Beatrice T. , Kothambawala Tasnim , Wang Ling , Matthew Thomas J. , Calhoun Susan E. , Saini Avneesh K. , Kotturi Maya F. , Hernandez Genevive , Humke Eric W. , Peterson Marvin S. , Sinclair Angus M. , Keyt Bruce A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Death receptor 5 (DR5) is an attractive target for cancer therapy due to its broad upregulated expression in multiple cancers and ability to directly induce apoptosis. Though anti-DR5 IgG antibodies have been evaluated in clinical trials, limited efficacy has been attributed to insufficient receptor crosslinking. IGM-8444 is an engineered, multivalent agonistic IgM antibody with 10 binding sites to DR5 that induces cancer cell apoptosis through efficient DR5 multimerization. IGM-8444 bound to DR5 with high avidity and was substantially more potent than an IgG with the same binding domains. IGM-8444 induced cytotoxicity in a broad panel of solid and hematologic cancer cell lines but did not kill primary human hepatocytes in vitro, a potential toxicity of DR5 agonists. In multiple xenograft tumor models, IGM-8444 monotherapy inhibited tumor growth, with strong and sustained tumor regression observed in a gastric PDX model. When combined with chemotherapy or the BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-199, IGM-8444 exhibited synergistic in vitro tumor cytotoxicity and enhanced in vivo efficacy, without augmenting in vitro hepatotoxicity. These results support the clinical development of IGM-8444 in solid and hematologic malignancies as a monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy or BCL-2 inhibition.
Simple Convolutional-Based Models: Are They Learning the Task or the Data?
Authors: Sa-Couto Luis , Wichert Andreas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConvolutional neural networks (CNNs) evolved from Fukushima's neocognitron model, which is based on the ideas of Hubel and Wiesel about the early stages of the visual cortex. Unlike other branches of neocognitron-based models, the typical CNN is based on end-to-end supervised learning by backpropagation and removes the focus from built-in invariance mechanisms, using pooling not as a way to tolerate small shifts but as a regularization tool that decreases model complexity.These properties of end-to-end supervision and flexibility of structure allow the typical CNN to become highly tuned to the training data, leading to extremely high accuracies on typical visual pattern recognition data sets. However, in this work, we hypothesize that there is a flip side to this capability, a hidden overfitting.More concretely, a supervised, backpropagation based CNN will outperform a neocognitron/map transformation cascade (MTC) when trained and tested inside the same data set. Yet if we take both models trained and test them on the same task but on another data set (without retraining), the overfitting appears.Other neocognitron descendants like the What-Where model go in a different direction. In these models, learning remains unsupervised, but more structure is added to capture invariance to typical changes. Knowing that, we further hypothesize that if we repeat the same experiments with this model, the lack of supervision may make it worse than the typical CNN inside the same data set, but the added structure will make it generalize even better to another one.To put our hypothesis to the test, we choose the simple task of handwritten digit classification and take two well-known data sets of it: MNIST and ETL-1. To try to make the two data sets as similar as possible, we experiment with several types of preprocessing. However, regardless of the type in question, the results align exactly with expectation.
Neural Networks with Disabilities: An Introduction to Complementary Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Terziyan Vagan , Kaikova Olena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Machine learning is a good tool to simulate human cognitive skills as it is about mapping perceived information to various labels or action choices, aiming at optimal behavior policies for a human or an artificial agent operating in the environment. Regarding autonomous systems, objects and situations are perceived by some receptors as divided between sensors. Reactions to the input (e.g., actions) are distributed among the particular capability providers or actuators. Cognitive models can be trained as, for example, neural networks. We suggest training such models for cases of potential disabilities. Disability can be either the absence of one or more cognitive sensors or actuators at different levels of cognitive model. We adapt several neural network architectures to simulate various cognitive disabilities. The idea has been triggered by the “coolability” (enhanced capability) paradox, according to which a person with some disability can be more efficient in using other capabilities. Therefore, an autonomous system (human or artificial) pretrained with simulated disabilities will be more efficient when acting in adversarial conditions. We consider these coolabilities as complementary artificial intelligence and argue on the usefulness if this concept for various applications.
China’s Fairness Discourses and Allocation of Climate Responsibility
Authors: Li Feiyue 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The idea of ‘fairness’ may be viewed as fundamental to a nation’s participation in the development of the international legal system governing climate change. As the second-largest economy and the largest Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emitter in the world, China’s actions on climate change are critical to the global response. Indeed, international cooperation on climate change is unlikely to succeed without China’s active engagement. Therefore, China’s perception of the fairness of responsibility allocation will significantly influence its attitudes toward its international climate responsibilities. However, limited work has been done to date to concretely examine China’s perspective of the fairness of responsibility allocation and to understand its fairness discourses and practices of climate responsibility in a dynamically evolved process. This article aims to fill that gap in the literature by elucidating how China perceives the fair allocation of climate responsibility and how its fairness discourses and practices have evolved over the course of the three phases of international climate change negotiations. It will be shown that China has perceived the factors of historically accumulated emissions, per capita emissions and capability to lie at the very core of its understanding of fairness.
Rapidly Progressive Complicated Acute Bacterial Sinusitis in the Setting of Severe Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Arteaga Alberto A. , Tran Jessica , Frey Hudson , Lewis Andrea F. 
Published: October 2021

Objective: This case report presents a case of a rapidly progressive complicated sinus infection in a child with the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Methods: Case report with literature review. Results/Case Report: We present a novel case of severe rapidly progressive complicated sinusitis in a 14-year-old African American male diagnosed with the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Infection was caused by an aggressive pathogen, Streptococcus intermedius (anginosus), and within 48 hours progressed to orbital, subgaleal, and intracranial abscess, requiring multidisciplinary intervention by ophthalmology, neurosurgery, and otolaryngology. Following surgical intervention and a 4-week course of intravenous antibiotic therapy, the patient had resolution of the infection with no neurologic sequelae. Conclusion: Despite the low incidence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, physicians should be aware that immunologic changes and the cytokine storm induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 can potentially predispose patients to severe bacterial or opportunistic infections. As more cases of MIS-C develop, associated complications can become evident. Similar cases of SARS-CoV-2 and severe bacterial sinusitis have been published in the literature, but it remains unclear if there is an association between SARS-CoV-2 disease and an increased risk of complicated sinusitis in children.
Comorbidity between mood and substance-related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Saha Sukanta , Lim Carmen CW , Degenhardt Louisa , Cannon Danielle L , Bremner Monique , Prentis Finley , Lawrence Zoe , Heffernan Ed , Meurk Carla , Reilly John , McGrath John J 
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives: Evidence indicates that mood disorders often co-occur with substance-related disorders. However, pooling comorbidity estimates can be challenging due to heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria and in the overall study design. The aim of this study was to systematically review and, where appropriate, meta-analyse estimates related to the pairwise comorbidity between mood disorders and substance-related disorders, after sorting these estimates by various study designs. Methods: We searched PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science for publications between 1980 and 2017 regardless of geographical location and language. We meta-analysed estimates from original articles in 4 broadly defined mood and 35 substance-related disorders. Results: After multiple eligibility steps, we included 120 studies for quantitative analysis. In general, regardless of variations in diagnosis type, temporal order or use of adjustments, there was substantial comorbidity between mood and substance-related disorders. We found a sixfold elevated risk between broadly defined mood disorder and drug dependence (odds ratio = 5.7) and fivefold risk between depression and cannabis dependence (odds ratio = 4.9) while the highest pooled estimate, based on period prevalence risk, was found between broadly defined dysthymic disorder and drug dependence (odds ratio = 11.3). Based on 56 separate meta-analyses, all pooled odds ratios were above 1, and 46 were significantly greater than 1 (i.e. the 95% confidence intervals did not include 1). Conclusion: This review found robust and consistent evidence of an increased risk of comorbidity between many combinations of mood and substance-related disorders. We also identified a number of under-researched mood and substance-related disorders, suitable for future scrutiny. This review reinforces the need for clinicians to remain vigilant in order to promptly identify and treat these common types of comorbidity.
Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis versus Pulmonary Artery Embolectomy in Pulmonary Embolism: A National Population-Based Study
Authors: Lin Donna Shu-Han , Lin Yu-Sheng , Lee Jen-Kuang , Chen Wen-Jone 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the short-term and long-term follow-up outcomes of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) with those of pulmonary artery embolectomy (PAE) for patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) included in a nationwide cohort. Background: Data allowing direct comparisons between CDT and PAE are lacking in the literature, and the optimal management of high-risk and intermediate-risk PE is still debated. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with data for 2001 through 2013 collected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Patients who were first admitted for PE and treated with either CDT or PAE were included and compared. In-hospital outcomes included in-hospital death and safety (bleeding and cardiac arrhythmias) outcomes. Follow-up outcomes included all-cause mortality and recurrent PE during the 1- and 2-year follow-up periods and through the last follow-up. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on the propensity score was used to minimize possible selection bias, including indices for multimorbidity such as the Charlson’s Comorbidity Index (CCI) and HAS-BLED scores. Results: A total of 389 patients treated between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2013, were identified; 169 underwent CDT and 220 underwent PAE. After IPTW, there were no significant differences in in-hospital mortality (18.2% vs 21.3%; odds ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70–1.62) or the incidence of safety outcomes between the CDT and PAE groups. The risks of all-cause mortality (30% vs 29.5%; hazard ratio 1.16, 95% CI: 0.89–1.53), recurrent PE (7.2% vs 8.7%; subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 0.68, 95% CI: 0.39–1.21) and new-onset pulmonary hypertension (SHR 0.25, 95% CI: 0.05–1.32) were also not significantly different between the CDT and PAE groups at 2 years of follow-up. Subgroup analysis indicated that PAE may be associated with a more favorable 2-year mortality in patients <65 years old, patients with CCI scores of <3, patients with HAS-BLED scores of 1 to 2, and patients without cardiogenic shock (all P for interaction <.05). Conclusions: In patients with PE who required reperfusion therapy, CDT and PAE resulted in similar in-hospital and long-term all-cause mortality rates and long-term rates of recurrent PE. Bleeding risks were also comparable in the 2 groups.