bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase 1/2a Trial of ISPASM
Authors: Zanaty Mario , Allan Lauren , Samaniego Edgar A. , Piscopo Anthony , Ryan Eleanor , Torner James C. , Hasan David 
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:
Microthrombosis could play a role in delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Tirofiban has shown promising results in reducing delayed cerebral ischemia in retrospective studies. However, the safety of using tirofiban in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is not rigorously established.

Methods:
A phase 1/2a double-blinded randomized controlled trial (2:1 randomization) to assess the safety of a 7-day intravenous infusion of tirofiban compared with placebo, in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage treated with ventriculostomy placed in the operative room and coiling was conducted. The primary end point was any intracranial hemorrhage during the hospital stay. The secondary end points were: incidence of radiographic and clinical vasospasm, incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia, and incidence of cerebral ischemic changes noted on magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography.

Results:

Eighteen patients received intravenous tirofiban and 12 received placebo. There was no difference in baseline characteristics except for higher male proportions in the tirofiban group. There was no difference in death, in development of new or change in existing intracranial hemorrhages, in thrombocytopenia, and need for shunts in the two arms. However, the tirofiban arm had a lower incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia compared with placebo (6% [1/18] versus 33% [4/12];
P
=0.04), and less radiographic vasospasm as detected by catheter angiogram or computed tomography angiography (
P
=0.01) and computed tomography perfusion (
P
=0.01).

Conclusions:
The above preliminary results support proceeding with further testing of the safety and efficacy of 7-day intravenous infusion of tirofiban in a pragmatic (placing external ventricular drain by the bedside), multicenter setting, and using a larger population.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03691727.
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia and Residual Vascular Risk After Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Hoshino Takao , Ishizuka Kentaro , Toi Sono , Mizuno Takafumi , Nishimura Ayako , Takahashi Shuntaro , Wako Sho , Kitagawa Kazuo 
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:
Notwithstanding the current guideline-based management, patients with stroke retain a substantial risk of further vascular events. We aimed to assess the contribution of atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD) to this residual risk.

Methods:
This was a prospective observational study, in which 792 patients (mean age, 70.1 years; male, 60.2%) with acute ischemic stroke (n=710) or transient ischemic attack (n=82) within 1 week of onset were consecutively enrolled and followed for 1 year. AD was defined as having both elevated levels of triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL and low HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) <40 mg/dL in men or <50 mg/dL in women, under fasting conditions. The primary outcome was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events, including nonfatal stroke, nonfatal acute coronary syndrome, and vascular death.

Results:

The prevalence of AD was 12.2%. Patients with AD more often had intracranial artery stenosis than those without (42.3% versus 24.1%;
P
=0.004), whereas no differences were observed in the prevalence of extracranial artery stenosis (17.7% versus 12.9%;
P
=0.62) or aortic plaques (33.3% versus 27.0%;
P
=0.87). At 1 year, patients with AD were at a greater risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (annual rate, 24.5% versus 10.6%; hazard ratio [95% CI], 2.33 [1.44–3.80]) and ischemic stroke (annual rate, 16.8% versus 8.6%; hazard ratio [95% CI], 1.84 [1.04–3.26]) than those without AD. When patients were stratified according to baseline LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) level, AD was predictive of major adverse cardiovascular events among those with LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL (n=509; annual rate, 20.5% versus 9.6%;
P
=0.036) as well as those with LDL-C <100 mg/dL (n=283; annual rate, 38.6% versus 12.4%;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
AD is associated with intracranial artery atherosclerosis and a high residual vascular risk after a stroke or transient ischemic attack. AD should be a promising modifiable target for secondary stroke prevention.

Registration:

URL:
https://upload.umin.ac.jp
; Unique identifier: UMIN000031913.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Stroke Following Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: Alnsasra Hilmi , Asleh Rabea , Kumar Neeraj , Lopez Camden , Toya Takumi , Kremers Walter K. , Edwards Brooks , Daly Richard C. , Kushwaha Sudhir S. 
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:
Less is known about the risk factors and outcomes associated with stroke in the current era of increasing heart transplantation (HT) being performed in older patients. The impact of immunosuppression on risk of stroke has not yet been previously studied. We aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of stroke after HT.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes and associated outcomes in all consecutive HT recipients transplanted between 1994 and 2016 at a single institution.

Results:

Of 529 patients who underwent HT, 57 (10.7%) developed stroke, 8.1% had an ischemic events and (2.6%) had a hemorrhagic stroke. Age at HT (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.33;
P
=0.03) and diabetes (HR, 2.60;
P
=0.02) were associated with increased risk of ischemic events. Patients with stroke (any type) were more likely to have worse kidney function (HR, 1.81;
P
=0.02) whereas patients with ischemic events were more likely to undergo combined organ transplantation (HR, 2.01;
P
=0.05). Cytomegalovirus infection was found to be associated with increased risk of any stroke (HR, 2.09;
P
=0.02).Conversion from calcineurin inhibitor to sirolimus-based immunosuppression was not found to be associated with a significant change in stroke risk (HR, 1.39;
P
=0. 45) compared with calcineurin inhibitor maintenance therapy. Stroke of any type and ischemic events were independently associated with increased risk of death (HR, 1.90;
P
=0.001 and HR, 2.14;
P
<0.001, respectively).

Conclusions:
Stroke after HT is associated with increased mortality. Older age at HT, diabetes, renal dysfunction, and CMV infection were associated with greater risk of stroke.
Replay in Deep Learning: Current Approaches and Missing Biological Elements
Authors: Hayes Tyler L. , Krishnan Giri P. , Bazhenov Maxim , Siegelmann Hava T. , Sejnowski Terrence J. , Kanan Christopher 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Replay is the reactivation of one or more neural patterns that are similar to the activation patterns experienced during past waking experiences. Replay was first observed in biological neural networks during sleep, and it is now thought to play a critical role in memory formation, retrieval, and consolidation. Replay-like mechanisms have been incorporated in deep artificial neural networks that learn over time to avoid catastrophic forgetting of previous knowledge. Replay algorithms have been successfully used in a wide range of deep learning methods within supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning paradigms. In this letter, we provide the first comprehensive comparison between replay in the mammalian brain and replay in artificial neural networks. We identify multiple aspects of biological replay that are missing in deep learning systems and hypothesize how they could be used to improve artificial neural networks.
Temporal Variabilities Provide Additional Category-Related Information in Object Category Decoding: A Systematic Comparison of Informative EEG Features
Authors: Karimi-Rouzbahani Hamid , Shahmohammadi Mozhgan , Vahab Ehsan , Setayeshi Saeed , Carlson Thomas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
How does the human brain encode visual object categories? Our understanding of this has advanced substantially with the development of multivariate decoding analyses. However, conventional electroencephalography (EEG) decoding predominantly uses the mean neural activation within the analysis window to extract category information. Such temporal averaging overlooks the within-trial neural variability that is suggested to provide an additional channel for the encoding of information about the complexity and uncertainty of the sensory input. The richness of temporal variabilities, however, has not been systematically compared with the conventional mean activity. Here we compare the information content of 31 variability-sensitive features against the mean of activity, using three independent highly varied data sets. In whole-trial decoding, the classical event-related potential (ERP) components of P2a and P2b provided information comparable to those provided by original magnitude data (OMD) and wavelet coefficients (WC), the two most informative variability-sensitive features. In time-resolved decoding, the OMD and WC outperformed all the other features (including the mean), which were sensitive to limited and specific aspects of temporal variabilities, such as their phase or frequency. The information was more pronounced in the theta frequency band, previously suggested to support feedforward visual processing. We concluded that the brain might encode the information in multiple aspects of neural variabilities simultaneously such as phase, amplitude, and frequency rather than mean per se. In our active categorization data set, we found that more effective decoding of the neural codes corresponds to better prediction of behavioral performance. Therefore, the incorporation of temporal variabilities in time-resolved decoding can provide additional category information and improved prediction of behavior.
Asymptotic Input-Output Relationship Predicts Electric Field Effect on Sublinear Dendritic Integration of AMPA Synapses
Authors: Fan Yaqin , Wei Xile , Yi Guosheng , Lu Meili , Wang Jiang , Deng Bin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An extracellular electric field (EF) induces transmembrane polarizations on extremely inhomogeneous spaces Evidence shows that EF-induced somatic polarization in pyramidal cells can modulate the neuronal input-output (I/O) function. However, it remains unclear whether and how dendritic polarization participates in the dendritic integration and contributes to the neuronal I/O function. To this end, we built a computational model of a simplified pyramidal cell with multi-dendritic tufts, one dendritic trunk, and one soma to describe the interactions among EF, dendritic integration, and somatic output, in which the EFs were modeled by inserting inhomogeneous extracellular potentials. We aimed to establish the underlying relationship between dendritic polarization and dendritic integration by analyzing the dynamics of subthreshold membrane potentials in response to AMPA synapses in the presence of constant EFs. The model-based singular perturbation analysis showed that the equilibrium mapping of a fast subsystem can serve as the asymptotic subthreshold I/O relationship for sublinear dendritic integration. This allows us to predict the tendency of EF-mediated dendritic integration by showing how EF changes modify equilibrium mapping. EF-induced hyperpolarization of distal dendrites receiving synapses inputs was found to play a key role in facilitating the AMPA receptor-evoked excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) by enhancing the driving force of synaptic inputs. A significantly higher efficacy of EF modulation effect on global AMPA-type dendritic integration was found compared with local AMPA-type dendritic integration. During the generation of an action potential (AP), the relative contribution of EF-modulated dendritic integration and EF-induced somatic polarization was determined to show their collaboration in promoting or inhibiting the somatic excitability, depending on the EF polarity. These findings are crucial for understanding the EF modulation effect on neuronal computation, which provides insight into the modulation mechanism of noninvasive brain modulation.
Sexuality after Life
Authors: Niumeitolu Cecily 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article teases out intertextual threads from the visual arts and image-lore that join Beckett’s Dream of Fair to Middling Women to Ill Seen Ill Said. It explores how Beckett’s treatment of gender and sexual desire are deeply informed by Western art history’s specific gender dyad. It argues that Beckett harnesses and agitates this dyad to provoke new understandings of sexuality, sight and sense. By engaging key events in Dream and Ill Seen it unfolds an erotics of nonrelation: the sexual dimension of Beckett’s work that admits the dead and inorganic encrypted and insisting within the all too human.
Raymond Federman, Dying with Beckett
Authors: Camerlynck Nathalie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Raymond Federman (1928–2009), known as a Beckett scholar, postmodern theorist and avant-garde novelist, was singularly devoted to the one he called Sam. Having escaped death, deportation in the Holocaust, his fiction recounts his experiences from the day of his “birth into death,” the 16th of July 1942. Writing what he called surfiction, fiction which exposes the fictionality of reality, Federman fashioned himself as a Beckett creature. This article outlines aspects of his devotion and its links to death and dying, starting with how he used Beckett’s words to confront his terminal illness.
Can we still Speak about the Innovation Process per se?
Authors: Jasinski Andrzej H 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this article, we are analyzing an influence of various factors on the contents, structure and organization of the contemporary innovation process. The main hypothesis assumes that the contemporary innovation more and more often comes as a result of a quite loose set of dispersed processes and not of a put-in-order, several-phase innovation process. The article starts with a literature survey followed by four empirical illustrations. On the basis of this, the multi-process model of technological innovation is presented. Afterwards, we identify implications for practice, especially the main challenges to be faced by innovation managers in industrial firms.
Counting Couples: The Marriage Banns Registers of the City of Amsterdam, 1580–1810
Authors: van Weeren René , De Moor Tine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Marriage is generally regarded as a decisive moment in the life course of individuals. As the social, but also the legal status of women and men changes as soon as they enter marriage and – by extension – their preceding wedding engagement, registers are and were being kept to record this life event in most societies. The difficulty in studying the long-term development of marriage patterns is the need for, among other things, detailed information about the marriage formation process. Most of the research on marriage patterns is based on a limited amount of data. Data either cover only a limited period (at most several consecutive decades), a limited number of variables, a relatively small number of marriages, and/or a relatively small town or region. The Amsterdam marriage banns registers are an exception to the above, in terms of content, focus area, and volume. In this article, we present the dataset results of the Citizen Science project ‘Ja, ik wil!’ [‘Yes, I do!’], involving over 500 participants retrieving a wide range of socio-economic data on over 94,000 couples from the rich source of the historical Amsterdam marriage banns registers, covering every fifth year between 1580 and 1810.
Diverse impacts of Indian Ocean Dipole on El Niño-Southern Oscillation
Authors: Zhang Lei , Han Weiqing , Meehl Gerald A. , Hu Aixue , Rosenbloom Nan , Shinoda Toshiaki , McPhaden Michael J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the impact of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is important for climate prediction. By analyzing observational data and performing Indian and Pacific Ocean pacemaker experiments using a state-of-the-art climate model, we find that a positive IOD (pIOD) can favor both cold and warm sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the tropical Pacific, in contrast to the previously identified pIOD-El Niño connection. The diverse impacts of the pIOD on ENSO are related to SSTA in the Seychelles-Chagos thermocline ridge (SCTR; 60°E-85°E and 7°S-15°S) as part of the warm pole of the pIOD. Specifically, a pIOD with SCTR warming can cause warm SSTA in the southeast Indian Ocean, which induces La Niña-like conditions in the tropical Pacific through interbasin interaction processes associated with a recently identified climate phenomenon dubbed the “Warm Pool Dipole”. This study identifies a new pIOD-ENSO relationship and examines the associated mechanisms.
Small Group Tutorial Curriculum During Third Year Surgical Clerkship and Identification of Surgical Role Models
Authors: Bacon Daniel R. , Sherif Noha , Pascarella Luigi 
Published: September 2021

Identification of surgical mentors is associated with medical student interest in surgical careers. Small group learning has been a fundamental component of the surgical clerkship at the University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine for 14 years. The curriculum was standardized on 2018 and has long been hypothesized to facilitate mentoring relationships. In this brief report, we administered a survey that assessed the relationship between students and surgical faculty serving as small group tutors. Analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis. The survey yielded an 18.8% response rate. Greater than 50% of students identified their tutor as a surgical role model. Greater than 60% of students affirmed that their tutor at least somewhat influenced their interest in surgery. Larger longitudinal studies with higher response rates are needed to assess relationships over time, and if these relationships ultimately correlate with applications made to surgical residency programs.
The use of gold nanoparticles in improving ACL graft performance in an ovine model
Authors: Bellrichard Mitchell , Snider Colten , Kuroki Keiichi , Brockman John , Grant David A , Grant Sheila A 
Published: September 2021

Surgical repair of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) can involve autograft or allograft materials. Allografts are typically chosen to avoid donor site morbidity associated with autografts harvest, but they can also result in a prolonged inflammatory period and delayed graft remodeling when compared to autografts. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated to allografts to determine if AuNPs can reduce inflammation and enhance graft remodeling in an ovine model. Six sheep had their ACL surgically removed and replaced with a decellularized human gracilis tendon. Three of the sheep received grafts conjugated with 20 nm gold nanoparticles, while three of the sheep received grafts without the gold nanoparticles. The sheep were sacrificed 8 weeks after ACL reconstruction. Immediately following sacrifice, joint fluid was collected for cytology. Semi-quantitative histological scoring of the bone tunnel portion and the intra-articular portion of the grafts were performed independently along with descriptive analysis of histologic changes and quantitative analysis of revascularization. The results demonstrated that AuNP experimental grafts had an overall better histological scores than the non-AuNPs graft. The AuNPs grafts exhibited decreased inflammation in the bone tunnel portion of the graft, the intra-articular portion of the graft, and in the synovial fluid cell count. Overall, the results demonstrated that the grafts conjugated with nanoparticles have the potential to be influence inflammation and overall remodeling response.
Heterogeneity in Longitudinal Healthcare Utilisation by Older Adults: A Latent Transition Analysis of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
Authors: Doherty Ann S , Miller Ruth , Mallett John , Adamson Gary 
Published: September 2021

Background Older adults likely exhibit considerable differences in healthcare need and usage. Identifying differences in healthcare utilisation both between and within individuals over time may support future service development. Objectives To characterise temporal changes in healthcare utilisation among a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling older adults. Methods A latent transition analysis of the first three waves of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) ( N = 6128) was conducted. Results Three latent classes of healthcare utilisation were identified, ‘primary care only’; ‘primary care and outpatient visits’ and ‘multiple utilisation’. The classes were invariant across all three waves. Transition probabilities indicated dynamic changes over time, particularly for the ‘primary care and outpatient visits’ and ‘multiple utilisation’ statuses. Discussion Older adults exhibit temporal changes in healthcare utilisation which may reflect changes in healthcare need and disease progression. Further research is required to identify the factors which influence movement between healthcare utilisation patterns.
Disparities in Breast Cancer Survivors in Rural West Texas
Authors: Khan Hafiz , Rasmussen Drew , Gabbidon Kemesha , Palle Komaraiah , Rafiq Aamrin , Faysel Mohammad , Singh Sharda , Reddy P. Hemachandra 
Published: September 2021

Objectives Breast cancer is the second highest female mortality rate in Texas for all races and ethnicities, except for Hispanics. Interestingly, Hale County is a rural underserved county in West Texas which experiences a lower rate of cancer, has higher age-adjusted mortality rates (26.2/100 000), on average, compared to all of Texas (23.1/100 000). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sociodemographic variables and breast cancer outcomes in underserved Hale County which contributed to the highest mortality rate in Texas. Methods Hale County breast cancer data (1995–2014) were obtained from the Texas Cancer Registry. Statistical methods independent samples t-test, Kaplan–Meier curve, and Cox proportional hazard were used to describe the significant relationship between survival time, sociodemographic, and prognostic variables. Results Women with breast cancer in Hale County were more likely to be White non-Hispanics (n = 266, 65.5%) and had the highest longevity (2753.6 ± 2073.5 days). White Hispanics experienced the worst survival (2369.6 ± 2060.2 days) and were more likely to develop a serious grade of cancer. Significant relationships were found between the stage of cancer and insurance status with survival time for both White non-Hispanics and White Hispanics ( P < .001). Patients in grades II and III were found to be significantly ( P < .01) associated with breast cancer death, and grades II and III which had around five-fold and eleven-fold increased risk of death, respectively, compared with the referent group, grade I. Conclusion Determining the impact of sociodemographic variables on breast cancer outcome is essential to addressing issues of geographic disparities and integrating such variables may guide relevant policy interventions to reduce breast cancer’s incidence in rural underserved communities in West Texans.