bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precarity's reach: intersections of history, life, and labour in the Australian horticultural industry
Authors: Stead Victoria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe temporary labour migrations of Pacific Islanders to work in the orchards and packing sheds of the Australian horticultural industry feed the demands for flexible labour that are marks of the precarious present. At the same time, their labour experiences call attention to the diverse, historically situated, and racialized configurations of power and risk that converge in the present moment within particular places and within the intersecting lives and bodies of differently positioned others. Focused on a fruit packing shed in north‐central Victoria, and on the ni‐Vanuatu workers, farmers, managers, and mediating agents who meet there, this article seeks to develop an ethnography of precarity's intersections. Here, the insecurities and fraying reciprocities widely theorized in the context of post‐Fordist, neoliberal precarity articulate with the hierarchies and imaginaries of development regimes, the colonial co‐production of Global North and South, and the always‐precarious rhythms of horticultural production. Precarity, I argue, is neither particular to the post‐Fordist relations of Western Europe, nor an all‐consuming leveller of historical, cultural, and place‐based difference. Rather, it emerges out of the situated convergences of diverse people and histories, and practices of both mobility and containment, producing intersecting but ultimately unequal distributions of risk.
Determination of gelation properties and bio‐therapeutic potential of black carrot fibre‐enriched functional yoghurt produced using pectin and gum arabic as prebiotic
Authors: Karaman Saliha , Ozcan Tulay 
Published: April 2021

In this study, bacterial viability, changes in gel matrix properties of functional yoghurts produced with the addition of black carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef variety) fibre, pectin and gum arabic during storage, was investigated with consumer preference and bio‐therapeutic potential. Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis cultures were used in the production of probiotic yoghurts. It was found that the addition of pectin, gum arabic and black carrot fibre to probiotic yoghurt stimulated the growth of probiotic bacteria and gel development during storage. The viability of the probiotic bacteria was determined within the bio‐therapeutic level (>7 log10 cfu/g) with potential prebiotic effects. It was determined that black carrot, pectin and gum arabic addition increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of probiotic yoghurts, as well as improved the textural properties. Sensorial attributes increased throughout storage with yoghurts containing gum arabic and black carrot displayed higher scores for sensorial qualifications.
YALI0C22088g from Yarrowia lipolytica catalyses the conversion of l‐methionine into volatile organic sulfur‐containing compounds
Authors: Zhao Quan‐Lu , Wang Zhu‐Lin , Yang Lan , Zhang Sai , Jia Kai‐Zhi 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe enzymatic conversion of l‐methionine (l‐Met) into volatile organic sulfur‐containing compounds (VOSCs) plays an important role in developing the characteristic aroma of foods. However, the mechanism for the direct conversion of l‐Met into VOSCs is still unclear in yeast cells used to make food products. Here, we show that the transcription profile of YALI0C22088g from Yarrowia lipolytica correlates positively with l‐Met addition. YALI0C22088g catalyses the γ‐elimination of l‐Met, directly converting l‐Met into VOSCs. YALI0C22088g also exhibits strong C‐S lysis activities towards l‐cystathionine and the other sulfur‐containing compounds and forms a distinct cystathionine‐γ‐lyase subgroup. We identified eight key amino acid residues in YALI0C22088g, and we inferred that the size of the tunnel and the charges carried by the entrance amino acid residue are the determinants for the enzymatic conversion of l‐Met into VOSCs. These findings reveal the formation mechanism of VOSCs produced directly from l‐Met via the demethiolation pathway in Yarrowia lipolytica, which provides a rationale for engineering the enzymatic conversion of l‐Met into VOSCs and thus stimulates the enzymatic production of aroma compounds.
Is denosumab associated with an increased risk for infection in patients with low bone mineral density? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Catton Brett , Surangiwala Salman , Towheed Tanveer 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimDenosumab increases bone mineral density through inhibition of the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ‐Β ligand (RANKL). RANKL has known immunomodulatory effect. The largest study to date that reviewed denosumab efficacy in osteoporosis demonstrated an increased incidence of serious adverse events of infection (SAEI). We aimed to further evaluate risk of infection and SAEI in denosumab‐treated patients.MethodPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials. Studies comparing denosumab 60 mg every 6 months with placebo or bisphosphonate for treatment of low bone mineral density were included. Trials were excluded for use of denosumab in cancer patients treated for skeletal‐related events, immunosuppressed patient populations, or for comparison to teriparatide. Risk ratios (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled using a fixed effects model, or a random effects model if heterogeneity occurred.ResultsTwenty‐four randomized controlled trials (20 470 patients) were analyzed. An increased incidence of any infection (RR 1.11; 95% CI 1.02‐1.20; P = 0.02) was observed in denosumab‐treated patients compared with bisphosphonates, but not when compared with placebo. In contrast, a higher incidence of SAEI (RR 1.21; 95% CI 1.03‐1.43; P = 0.02) was seen with denosumab when compared with placebo, but not compared with bisphosphonates.ConclusionDenosumab‐treated patients with low bone mineral density have slightly increased incidence of SAEI compared with placebo, but not when compared with bisphosphonates. Application of these results requires consideration of the entire body of data available regarding denosumab safety.
The effects of climate change on Australia’s only endemic Pokémon: Measuring bias in species distribution models
Authors: Warren Dan L. , Dornburg Alex , Zapfe Katerina , Iglesias Teresa L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Species distribution models (SDMs) are frequently used to predict the effects of climate change on species of conservation concern. Biases inherent in the process of constructing SDMs and transferring them to new climate scenarios may result in undesirable conservation outcomes. We explore these issues and demonstrate new methods to estimate biases induced by the design of SDM studies. We present these methods in the context of estimating the effects of climate change on Australia's only endemic Pokémon.

Using a citizen science dataset, we build species distribution models for Garura kangaskhani to predict the effects of climate change on the suitability of habitat for the species. We demonstrate a novel Monte Carlo procedure for estimating the biases implicit in a given study design, and compare the results seen for Pokémon to those seen from our Monte Carlo tests as well as previous studies in the same region using both simulated and real data.

Our models suggest that climate change will impact the suitability of habitat for G. kangaskhani, which may compound the effects of threats such as habitat loss and their use in blood sport. However, we also find that using SDMs to estimate the effects of climate change can be accompanied by biases so strong that the data themselves have minimal impact on modelling outcomes.

We show that the direction and magnitude of bias in estimates of climate change impacts are affected by every aspect of the modelling process, and suggest that bias estimates should be included in future studies of this type. Given the widespread use of SDMs, systemic biases could have substantial financial and opportunity costs. By demonstrating these biases and presenting a novel statistical tool to estimate them, we hope to provide a more secure future for G. kangaskhani and the rest of the world's biodiversity.
Manic morbidity and executive function impairment as determinants of long‐term psychosocial dysfunction in bipolar disorder
Authors: Lomastro María Julieta , Valerio Marina P. , Szmulewicz Alejandro G. , Martino Diego J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of cognitive performance and measures of clinical course—including both syndromal and subsyndromal symptomatology—as determinants of the functional outcome of patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) during a mean follow‐up period of more than 4 years.MethodsSeventy patients with euthymic BD completed a neurocognitive battery at study entry. Clinical course was assessed prospectively for a period longer than 48 months by two measures: time spent ill (documented using a modified life charting technique) and density of affective episodes (defined as the number of depressive and hypo/manic episodes per year of follow‐up). Psychosocial functioning was assessed during euthymia using the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) total score at the end of follow‐up period.ResultsBaseline deficits in phonological fluency, a measure of executive functions (β = −2.49; 95% CI = −3.98, −0.99), and density of hypo/manic episodes during follow‐up (β = 6.54; 95% CI = 0.43, 12.65) were independently associated with FAST total score at the end of study.ConclusionsAlthough interrelated, manic morbidity and executive function impairments independently contribute to long‐term psychosocial dysfunction in BD and could be potential targets of intervention.
Effect of rurality and socioeconomic deprivation on presentation stage and long‐term outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer
Authors: Pasch James A. , MacDermid Ewan , Velovski Susan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundGeographical remoteness and socioeconomic status (SES) are important factors affecting presentation stage and survival for colorectal cancer. A series of patients from a single institution in northern New South Wales was studied to determine if rural isolation or SES affected presentation and survival in patients undergoing resection.MethodsConsecutive colorectal cancer resections performed at Lismore Base Hospital from 2011 to 2019 were identified. Patient residential addresses were categorized by the Modified Monash Model (MMM), an Australian Government definition of rural isolation, and Socioeconomic Index for Areas (SEIFA) quintiles, an Australian Bureau of Statistics index of socioeconomic deprivation. Univariate and Cox regression survival analysis was performed on data from histopathology and clinical notes matched with survival data.ResultsA total of 405 patients were included in MMM categories 3 (n = 207, 51.1%), 4 (n = 69, 17%) and 5 (n = 129, 31.9) corresponding to large, medium and small rural towns. MMM 3 was associated with emergency cases (25.6% versus 18.7%, P < 0.001), nodal disease (44.4% versus 38.4%, P = 0.018) and T3/4 tumours (82.1% versus 73.7%, P < 0.001) compared with isolated patients without difference in 5‐year survival (P = 0.370). Disadvantaged SEIFA quintiles 1/2 demonstrated increased poor differentiation (23.0% versus 15.4%, P < 0.001) and vascular invasion (15.8% versus 9.1%, P < 0.001) with reduced 5‐year survival (57.0% versus 70.4%, P = 0.039). Independent predictors of survival included age, emergency cases, group stage, lymphatic invasion and low lymph node yield.ConclusionA ‘rural reversal’ may be present for patients in northern New South Wales; however, SES and established clinicopathological factors are the strongest predictors of survival in our population.
Lateral versus cross pinning in paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures: a meta‐analysis of randomized control trials
Authors: Kwok Samuel M. , Clayworth Catriona , Nara Naveen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSupracondylar humerus fractures are common in children. Percutaneous pinning remains the mainstay in treatment; however, there is lack of consensus on the optimal configuration: lateral‐only pinning or cross pinning. This study aims to investigate the differences in clinical and surgical outcomes between lateral‐only and cross‐pinning paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures.MethodsA systematic search was performed using Medline Ovid, Embase and Cochrane databases for relevant randomized control trials comparing lateral and cross pinning of paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures, reporting at least one of the following: rate of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury, loss of reduction, infection, loss of Baumann's angle and loss of carrying angle. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 13.0.ResultsEleven suitable randomized control trials involving 900 patients were reviewed. Loss of reduction was more common with lateral pinning (relative risk 1.44, 95% confidence interval 1.04–2.00, P = 0.027). Iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury was less common in lateral pinning with treatment‐based analysis (relative risk 0.36, 95% confidence interval 0.14–0.92, P = 0.032). There was no statistically significant difference in loss of carrying angle, loss of Baumann angle or rate of infection.ConclusionCross pinning provides superior stability in the treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures in children; however, it carries greater risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury.
Restricted function‐on‐function linear regression model
Authors: Luo Ruiyan , Qi Xin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe usual function‐on‐function linear regression model depicts the association between functional variables in the whole rectangular region and the value of response curve at any point is influenced by the entire trajectory of the predictor curve. But in addition to this, there are cases where the value of the response curve at a point is only influenced by the value of the predictor curve in a subregion, such as the historical relationship and the short‐term association. We will consider the restricted function‐on‐function regression model, where the value of response curve at any point is influenced by a subtrajectory of the predictor. We have two major purposes. First, we propose a novel estimation procedure that is more accurate and computational efficient for the restricted function‐on‐function model with a given subregion. Second, as the subregion is seldom specified in practice, we propose a subregion selection procedure that can lead to models with better interpretation and predictive performance. Algorithms are developed for both model estimation and subregion selection.
Should patients with low‐risk renal cell carcinoma be followed differently after nephron‐sparing surgery vs radical nephrectomy?
Authors: Abu‐Ghanem Yasmin , Powles Thomas , Capitanio Umberto , Beisland Christian , Järvinen Petrus , Stewart Grant D. , Gudmundsson Eirikur , Lam Thomas B.L. , Marconi Lorenzo , Fernandéz‐Pello Sergio , Nisen Harry , Meijer Richard P. , Volpe Alessandro , Ljungberg Börje , Klatte Tobias , Bensalah Karim , Dabestani Saeed , Bex Axel 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate whether pT1 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) should be followed differently after partial (PN) or radical nephrectomy (RN) based on a retrospective analysis of a multicentre database (RECUR).SubjectsA retrospective study was conducted in 3380 patients treated for nonmetastatic RCC between January 2006 and December 2011 across 15 centres from 10 countries, as part of the RECUR database project. For patients with pT1 clear‐cell RCC, patterns of recurrence were compared between RN and PN according to recurrence site. Univariate and multivariate models were used to evaluate the association between surgical approach and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and cancer‐specific mortality (CSM).ResultsFrom the database 1995 patients were identified as low‐risk patients (pT1, pN0, pNx), of whom 1055 (52.9%) underwent PN. On multivariate analysis, features associated with worse RFS included tumour size (hazard ratio [HR] 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–1.39; P < 0.001), nuclear grade (HR 2.31, 95% CI 1.73–3.08; P < 0.001), tumour necrosis (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.03–2.3; P = 0.037), vascular invasion (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3–4.4; P = 0.005) and positive surgical margins (HR 4.4, 95% CI 2.3–8.5; P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analysis of CSM revealed that the survival of patients with recurrence after PN was significantly better than those with recurrence after RN (P = 0.02). While the above‐mentioned risk factors were associated with prognosis, type of surgery alone was not an independent prognostic variable for RFS nor CSM. Limitations include the retrospective nature of the study.ConclusionOur results showed that follow‐up protocols should not rely solely on stage and type of primary surgery. An optimized regimen should also include validated risk factors rather than type of surgery alone to select the best imaging method and to avoid unnecessary imaging. A follow‐up of more than 3 years should be considered in patients with pT1 tumours after RN. A novel follow‐up strategy is proposed.
Longitudinal follow‐up and performance validation of an mRNA‐based urine test (Xpert® Bladder Cancer Monitor ) for surveillance in patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Cowan Barrett , Klein Eric , Jansz Ken , Westenfelder Karl , Bradford Timothy , Peterson Chad , Scherr Douglas , Karsh Lawrence I. , Egerdie Blair , Witjes Alfred , Trainer Andrew , Harris Richard , Goldfarb Bernard , Flax Stanley , Kroeger Robert , Boyd Buffi , Liao Joseph , Patel Sanjay , Bridge Julia , Reuter Victor , Quigley Neil , Brown Sarah , Zhao Suling , Satya Malini , Bates Michael , Simon Iris M. , Campbell Scott , Lotan Yair 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of the Xpert Bladder Cancer Monitor (Xpert; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) test as a predictor of tumour recurrence in patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).Patients and MethodsPatients (n = 429) undergoing surveillance for NMIBC underwent Xpert, cytology, and UroVysion testing. Patients with a positive Xpert and a negative cystoscopy result (positive‐negative [PN] group, n = 66) and a control group of double negative patients (negative Xpert and cystoscopy results [NN] group) were followed for 12 months (±90 days).ResultsHistology‐confirmed recurrences were detected in 58 patients (13.5%). Xpert had an overall sensitivity of 60.3% and a specificity of 76.5%. The sensitivity for high‐grade (HG) cancer was 87% with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99%. Urine cytology showed an overall sensitivity of 23.2% (47.6% sensitivity for HG tumours) and a specificity of 88.3%. In the PN group, 32% (n = 21) developed a recurrence within 12 months, 11 of which were HG tumours. In the NN control group, 14% (n = 9) developed a recurrence and only two were HG tumours. The hazard ratio for developing recurrence in the PN group was 2.68 for all tumours and 6.84 for HG cancer.ConclusionsThe Xpert test has a high sensitivity for detecting the recurrence of cancer and a high NPV for excluding HG cancer. In addition, the data suggest that patients with a positive Xpert assay in the setting of negative cystoscopy are at high risk for recurrence and need close surveillance.
Phase II study of E7777 in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral and cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Kawai Hidetsugu , Ando Kiyoshi , Maruyama Dai , Yamamoto Kazuhito , Kiyohara Eiji , Terui Yasuhito , Fukuhara Noriko , Miyagaki Tomomitsu , Tokura Yoshiki , Sakata‐Yanagimoto Mamiko , Igarashi Tadahiko , Kuroda Junya , Fujita Jiro , Uchida Toshiki , Ishikawa Takayuki , Yonekura Kentaro , Kato Koji , Nakanishi Tadashi , Nakai Kenya , Matsunaga Risa , Tobinai Kensei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractE7777 is a recombinant cytotoxic fusion protein composed of the diphtheria toxin fragments A and B and human interleukin‐2. It shares an amino acid sequence with denileukin diftitox, but has improved purity and an increased percentage of active monomer. We undertook a multicenter, single‐arm phase II study of E7777 in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) and cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) to evaluate its efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity. A total of 37 patients were enrolled, of which 17 and 19 patients had PTCL and CTCL, respectively, and one patient with another type of lymphoma (extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type), diagnosed by the Central Pathological Diagnosis Committee. Among the 36 patients with PTCL and CTCL, objective response rate based on the independent review was 36% (41% and 31%, respectively). The median progression‐free survival was 3.1 months (2.1 months in PTCL and 4.2 months in CTCL). The common adverse events (AEs) observed were increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) / alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hypoalbuminemia, lymphopenia, and pyrexia. Our results indicated that a 9 µg/kg/d dose of E7777 shows efficacy and a manageable safety profile in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL and CTCL, with clinical activity observed across the range of CD25 expression. The common AEs were manageable, but increase in ALT / AST, hypoalbuminemia, and capillary leak syndrome should be carefully managed during the treatment.
Enhanced antitumor activity of combined lipid bubble ultrasound and anticancer drugs in gynecological cervical cancers
Authors: Yamaguchi Kohei , Matsumoto Yoko , Suzuki Ryo , Nishida Haruka , Omata Daiki , Inaba Hirofumi , Kukita Asako , Tanikawa Michihiro , Sone Kenbun , Oda Katsutoshi , Osuga Yutaka , Maruyama Kazuo , Fujii Tomoyuki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChemotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of patients with gynecological cancers. Delivering anticancer drugs effectively to tumor cells with just few side effects is key in cancer treatment. Lipid bubbles (LB) are compounds that increase the vascular permeability of the tumor under diagnostic ultrasound (US) exposure and enable the effective transport of drugs to tumor cells. The aim of our study was to establish a novel drug delivery technique for chemotherapy and to identify the most effective anticancer drugs for the bubble US‐mediated drug delivery system (BUS‐DDS) in gynecological cancer treatments. We constructed xenograft models using cervical cancer (HeLa) and uterine endometrial cancer (HEC1B) cell lines. Lipid bubbles were injected i.v., combined with either cisplatin (CDDP), pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), or bevacizumab, and US was applied to the tumor. We compared the enhanced chemotherapeutic effects of these drugs and determined the optimal drugs for BUS‐DDS. Tumor volume reduction of HeLa and HEC1B xenografts following cisplatin treatment was significantly enhanced by BUS‐DDS. Both CDDP and PLD significantly enhanced the antitumor effects of BUS‐DDS in HeLa tumors; however, volume reduction by BUS‐DDS was insignificant when combined with bevacizumab, a humanized anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor mAb. The BUS‐DDS did not cause any severe adverse events and significantly enhanced the antitumor effects of cytotoxic drugs. The effects of bevacizumab, which were not as dose‐dependent as those of the two drugs used prior, were minimal. Our data suggest that BUS‐DDS technology might help achieve “reinforced targeting” in the treatment of gynecological cancers.