bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The multifactorial burden of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus: a study from clinical settings of University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Zaheer Sidra , Fatima Zeb Tehseen , Ali Baloch Akhtar , Amin Rafat , Amjad Zaheer , Sheikh Ambreen 
Published: January 2021

Background: Diabetes is a multifactorial disease posing a socioeconomic threat to the worldwide community. The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is continuously increasing in Pakistan and becoming a serious concern for the general public as well as concerned clinicians. This case-control study aimed to analyze the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with T2DM in the Pakistani population.
Methodology: A structured questionnaire was filled by the T2DM patients attending the diabetic clinic at Dow University Hospital. Non-diabetic subjects were recruited from the general population. Participants were questioned regarding their age, body mass index (BMI), educational status, diabetes management practices and comorbidities associated with T2DM.
Results: Our results suggest that BMI, gender, increasing age, educational status are significantly associated with T2DM. Our data also suggested that approximately 80% of T2DM patients had at least one comorbidity, whereas 59 % had two or more comorbidities. The most prevalent comorbidities found in our study group were in the order of Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) (15.8 %), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (14.4 %), Bone disease (14 %) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) (12.6 %) respectively.
Conclusion: Compared to worldwide data, our results are in accordance with the global prevalence with respect to age, gender and BMI, with CKD being the most prevalent comorbidity in contrast to CVD found worldwide.
IMPLEMENTASI RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT DALAM PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI PELAPORAN KERUSAKAN JALAN
Authors: Suyanto Suyanto , Andri Andri 
Published: January 2021

<p class="Abstract">Proses pengembangan aplikasi merupakan salah satu kondisi yang sangat penting agar mendapatkan aplikasi yang baik. Untuk mengembangan aplikasi terdapat berbagai metode pengembangan yang dapat digunakan. Salah satu metode tersebut yaitu rapid application development (RAD). Metode RAD merupakan metode pengembangan yang melibatkan pengguna atau client. Untuk itu di dalam penelitian ini dilakukan implementasi metode RAD dalam proses pengembagnan aplikasi pelaporan kerusakan jalan. Dimana kebutuhan dari aplikasi ini untuk menjawab permsalahan dalam proses pengaduan kerusakan jalan yang selama ini memiliki mekanisme birokrasi yang panjang. Dengan dibuatnya aplikasi diharapkan mampu menjadi salah satu alternative bagi masyarakat untuk menyampaikan laporan dengan cepat, tepat dan akurat. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa aplikasi pelaporan yang dibuat dengan dua antarmuka yaitu mobile yang diperuntukkan bagi masyarakat dan web yang diperuntukkan bagi pemerintah. selain itu juga aplikasi yang dihasilkan telah dikembangkan secara terstruktur mengikuti proses dari metode RAD mulai dari perencanaan, desain RAD dan implementasi. Hasil implementasi menunjukkan bahwa proses pelaporan kerusakan jalan dapat dilakukan yang dibuktikan dengan akses pengguna masyarakat dapat melakukan laporan dan akses admin dapat menindak lanjuti laporan tersebut. </p><p class="Abstract"> </p>The application development process is one of the most important conditions in order to get a good application. To develop applications, there are various development methods that can be used. One such method is the rapid application development (RAD). The RAD method is a development method that involves users or clients. For this reason, in this study, the implementation of the RAD method is carried out in the process of developing a road damage reporting application. Where is the need for this application to answer problems in the process of complaints about road damage which so far has a long bureaucratic mechanism. By making the application, it is hoped that it can become an alternative for the public to submit reports quickly, precisely and accurately. The results of this study are in the form of a reporting application made with two interfaces, namely a mobile which is intended for the public and a web which is intended for the government. Besides that, the resulting application has been developed in a structured manner following the process of the RAD method starting from planning, RAD design and implementation. The implementation results show that the road damage reporting process can be carried out as evidenced by the access of community users who can make reports and admin access can follow up on the report.
Aspects of Equipping Transport Facilities with Systems for Controlling Routes of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Shvetsova S. V. 
Published: January 2021

Currently, the problem of ensuring safety of flights of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) over the territory of transport infrastructure facilities (TIF), primarily airports, remains topical.In one of the previous works, the author together with the co-author proposed a method for increasing safety of movement of unmanned aerial vehicles and the system for controlling the routes of unmanned aerial vehicles (hereinafter – route control system, RCS) that implements it, which makes it possible to improve safety and security of UAV traffic at transport infrastructure facilities by limiting UAV traffic area strictly to a dedicated air corridor (DAC). The development of this system creates the prerequisites for removing the existing restrictions on the use of unmanned aerial vehicles at transport infrastructure facilities.For practical implementation of the proposed system, it is relevant to develop a method of placing RCS at transport infrastructure facilities. This condition can be justified by the fact that RCS, as a rule, will be located under conditions of dense infrastructural development, including dangerous technical elements of technical equipment, a collision of a UAV with which can lead to an emergency situation (ES); besides, the movement of air/ground vehicles will be carried out in the immediate vicinity of RCS along transport routes/corridors, and employees, passengers and visitors of TIF will move along the pedestrian paths.The objective of this study – to develop a methodology for placing systems controlling routes of unmanned aerial vehicles at transport infrastructure facilities.The study conducted with well-known scientific methods, including the basic routing problem posed by Dantzig and Ramser, modelling, analysis, and synthesis, made it possible to develop a method for placing RCS for unmanned aerial vehicles at transport infrastructure facilities. The practical application of the proposed methodology makes it possible to build routes for movement of UAV at TIF, to form a network of dedicated air corridors for UAV at TIF operated in relationship with the system, determine the optimal location of the RCS elements at TIF.
Errors Behind Asking Open-Ended Questions: A Study in Individual Counseling Class
Authors: Afrida Yeni , Yusri Fadhilla 
Published: January 2021

<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>The skill of asking open-ended questions is one of the most important skills in counseling. </em><em>Asking the right questions may help a counselor to understand the counselee's situation. This study aims to reveal the errors in asking open-ended questions during the implementation of individual counseling conducted by 27 fourth-semester students of the Guidance and Counseling Study Program, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teaching Training, State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Bukittinggi. The research was conducted through a quantitative approach. This research found that there were some common errors made by students when using open-ended questions; they were 1) 70.37% of students used open-ended questions that were not coherent, 2) 66% of students used open-ended questions “why” in their question, 3) 40.74% used repeated open-ended questions that have the same meaning, 4) 29.62% used open-ended questions that did not in line with the context, 5) 14.81% students used open-tailed questions, 6) 11.11% students used 2 open-ended questions simultaneously at the same time, and 7) there were 11.11% who did not use open-ended questions at all during the counseling process</em></p><div><em><br /></em></div><div><p style="text-align: justify;">Bertanya adalah salah satu keterampilan yang paling penting dalam proses konseling. Pengajuan pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang tepat dapat membantu konselor memahami situasi konseli, alasan konseli menemui konselor, harapan-harapan konseli, dan informasi-informasi yang relevan dengan situasi yang dihadapi oleh konseli saat itu. Keterampilan menggunakan pertanyaan terbuka merupakan salah satu dari keterampilan bertanya yang penting tersebut. Penelitian ini berupaya mengungkapkan pertanyaan-pertanyaan terbuka yang digunakan oleh 27 orang mahasiswa semester IV Program Studi Bimbingan dan Konseling Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bukittinggi dalam pelaksanaan konseling individual. Secara spesifik penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan kesalahan-kesalahan penggunaan pertanyaan terbuka dalam konseling individual yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan kuantitatif. Melalui penelitian ini diperoleh informasi bahwa, terdapat beberapa kesalahan umum yang dilakukan mahasiswa pada saat menggunakan pertanyaan terbuka yaitu 1) 70,37% mahasiswa menggunakan pertanyaan terbuka yang tidak runtut, 2) 66% mahasiswa menggunakan pertanyaan terbuka dengan kata tanya mengapa, 3) 40,74% menggunakan pertanyaan terbuka yang berulang dengan makna sama, 4) 29,62 % menggunakan pertanyaan terbuka yang tidak sesuai konteks, 5) 14,81% mahasiswa menggunakan pertanyaan terbuka mengekor, 6) 11,11% mahasiswa menggunakan sekaligus 2 pertanyaan terbuka dalam waktu yang sama, dan 7) terdapat 11,11 persen yang sama sekali tidak menggunakan pertanyaan terbuka selama proses konseling.</p></div>
The Young Kyai (Lora) and Transformation of the Pesantren in Madura
Authors: El-Rumi Umiarso 
Published: January 2021

<p>This research focuses on the leadership of the A’wam Council, group of young religious scholars or <em>kyai</em> (<em>Lora</em>) at the Mambaul Ulum Bata-Bata Pamekasan Madura Islamic Boarding School, in carrying out institutional transformation of the pesantren (traditional Islamic boarding schools). As the protector of religious-culture, <em>Lora</em> not only preserves the various acpects of religion such as marriage and security (by performing the rituals of <em>tahlil</em>, or <em>yasinan</em>) but also maintains public morality and good social and political relations in the community. <em>Lora</em> functions as the a protector of culture and religion (<em>amanah </em>or public trust) in order to increase the social capital of the pesantren (enriching social networks). Using the collective leadership theory by O’Neill &amp; Berinkerhoff and a qualitative approach through observation, interviews, and documentation, this article finds that <em>Lora</em> leadership made use of Islamic values in transforming this institution from a traditional pesantren (<em>salaf</em>) to modern one (<em>khalaf</em>). This process was coupled with the development of an interconnective-integralist paradigm that led to a new pesantren model that not only preserves the traditional methods but also adopted new developments in contemporary thought, namely combining and integrating religious knowledge with general science</p><p> </p><p><em>Riset ini memfokuskan pada dinamika kepemimpinan Dewan A’wam –yang merupakan kumpulan kyai muda (Lora) di Pesantren Mambaul Ulum Bata-Bata Pamekasan Madura- dalam melakukan transfomasi kelembagaan pesantren. Sebagai pelindung budaya-agama, Lora tidak hanya memposisikan diri untuk menjaga berbagai dimensi agama seperti pernikahan dan keselamatan (tahlil, atau yasinan), namun juga menjaga moralitas budaya masyarakat serta dinamika sosial politik. Konsistensi dalam peran sebagai pelindung budaya-agama difungsikan oleh Lora untuk menumbuhkan modal sosial pesantren (amanah dan jejaring sosial). Dengan menggunakan teori kepemimpinan kolektif oleh O’Neill &amp; Berinkerhoff dan pendekatan kualitatif melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumtasi, artikel ini menemukan bahwa kepemimpinan Lora didasarkan pada nilai-nilai religius Islam di dalam melakukan pengelolaan pesantren hingga mampu bertransformasi dari pesantren tradisional (salaf) ke modern (khalaf). Proses tersebut dirangkai dengan perkembangan paradigma interkonektif-integralis yang berimplikasi pada model pesantren yang hanya mengajarkan ilmu agama akan diganti dengan nuansa baru, yaitu memadukan dan mengintegrasikan ilmu agama dengan ilmu umum</em></p>
Responding to Islamophobia by Internalizing the Value of Islam Rahmatan lil Alamin through Using the Media
Authors: Parhan Muhamad , Fajar Islamy Mohammad Rindu , Budiyanti Nurti , Nugraha Risris Hari , Hyangsewu Pandu 
Published: January 2021

<p>This article focuses on an inaccurate understanding of Islam that causes hatred, anxiety, and unfounded fear of the Muslim community. On account of this view of Islam, Muslims face hostility, discrimination, intolerance, and racism. This attitude is increasingly seen in mass media propaganda that presents a partial and inaccurate view of the religion. Islam is presented as a violent belief system and is responsible for radicalism and terrorism. The media greatly influences social reality. They function as a spectacle, but they also influence public opinion on a range of issues. The research design of this paper uses literature review with descriptive analysis. The results show that internalizing the Islamic value of <em>rahmatan lil alamin</em> (“being a mercy to the world”) through the media is a solution that can rectify misconceptions about Islam. Along with the foundation of <em>amar ma’ruf nahi munkar </em>(“enjoining the good and forbidding the evil”), the value of “being a mercy to the world” can transform people into educators (<em>muaddib</em>), agents of correct information (<em>musaddid</em>), reformers (<em>mujaddid</em>), unifiers (<em>muwahhid</em>), and fighters (<em>mujahid</em>).</p><p> <em></em></p><p>Artikel ini fokus terhadap pemahaman Islam dengan perspektif yang salah, sehingga menimbulkan kebencian, kecemasan, dan ketakutan yang tidak berdasar serta berlebihan kepada individu maupun komunitas Islam. Akibatnya timbul permusuhan, diskriminasi, intoleransi, dan rasisme. Sikap ini semakin terlihat melalui propaganda media massa yang menampilkan kontroversi yang tidak benar dan parsial terhadap Islam, media merepresentasikan Islam dengan kekerasan dan radikal melalui fenomena terorisme. Kehadiran media sangat berpengaruh terhadap realitas sosial yang tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai tontonan tetapi menjadi tuntunan yang menggiring opini publik dalam merubah sikap, pandangan, dan perilaku. Desain penelitian menggunakan <em>literature review</em> dengan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Internalisasi nilai-nilai Islam <em>rahmatan lil alamin</em> melalui media merupakan solusi dalam meluruskan pemahaman yang keliru tentang Islam, yang berfungsi sebagai pendidik (<em>muaddib</em>), agen informasi yang benar (<em>musaddid</em>), menjadi pembaharu (<em>mujaddid</em>), pemersatu (<em>muwahhid</em>), dan pejuang (<em>mujahid</em>) dengan dasar <em>amar ma’ruf nahi munkar.</em></p>
CORONA VIRUS OUTBREAK AND IT’S IMPACT ON THE GLOBAL PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Majee Chandana , Kaushik Rahul , Sharma Divya , Kumari Sunita , Sawanny Rajni , Bhardwaj Shivali , Abdali Baitullah 
Published: January 2021

There is another general wellbeing emergencies undermining the world with the rise and spread of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The infection started in bats and was transmitted to people through yet obscure go-between creatures in Wuhan, Hubei territory, China in December 2019. There are more than 48,15,484 infected cases all around the globe. This can be transmitted from one to another very quickly only by coughing or sneezing or direct contact with infected person. World Health Organization also has stated that there is no future course of this virus is available till now. As a preventive measure the complete stop on outgoings i.e. lockdown is surrendered. The lockdown all over the country or all around the globe is becoming a huge crisis for the economy and of countries the life cycle of the humans. The lockdown has affected all the businesses, works, private sectors as well as government sectors. The impact of lockdown on the pharmaceutical industries can be a great boon if its taken positively.
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV 2, wuhan, transmitted, crisis, lockdown, impact.
Textural and mineralogical maturities and provenance of sands from the Budhi Gandaki-Narayani Nadi, central Nepal
Authors: Maharjan Sanjay Singh , Tamrakar Naresh Kazi 
Published: January 2021

The Budhi Gandaki-Narayani Nadi in the Central Nepal flows across fold-thrust belts of the Tethys Himalaya, Higher Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya, and the Sub-Himalaya, and is located in sub-tropical to humid sub-tropical climatic zone. Within the Higher Himalayas and the Lesser Himalayas, a high mountain and hilly region give way the long high-gradient, the Budhi Gandaki Nadi in the northern region. At the southern region within the Sub-Himalayas, having a wide Dun Valley, gives way the long low-gradient Narayani Nadi. Sands from Budhi Gandaki-Narayani Nadi were obtained and analysed for textural maturity and compositional maturity. The textural analyses consisted of determining roundness and sphere city of quartz grains for shape, and determining size of sand for matrix percent and various statistical measures including sorting. The analysis indicates that the textural maturity of the majority of sands lies in sub mature category though few textural inversions are also remarkable. Sands from upstream to downstream stretches of the main stem river show depositional processes by graded suspension in highly turbulent (saltation) current to fluvial tractive current, as confirmed from the C-M patterns.
The compositional variation includes quartz, feldspar, rock fragments, mica, etc. The quartz grain percent slightly increases from the mountains to the lower relief areas. The percent feldspar decreases rapidly whereas the percent rock fragment decreases gradually along the downstream transport of sediment. The Budhi Gandaki-Narayani Nadi sands range from sublitharenite to lithic arenite composition in QFL diagram, and are remarkably poorer in feldspar compared to rock fragment. Among the rock fragments, the high-grade metamorphic rock fragmentsare dominant in the upstream stretch of the main stem Narayani Nadi stretch while the sedimentary lithics are remarkable in the downstream stretch. The QFL plots also show that the studied sands belong to recycled orogeny provenance and agree with the current tectonic setting of the Himalayas. Mineralogically, the sands (MMI=100%–203%) are not as matured as the normal sands. MMI fluctuates along downstream distance due to mixing of sediments from the major tributaries at various places along the main stem river.
Geological and Geophysical Study in Udheri Khola Area, Nalgad Hydroelectric Project, Jajarkot District, Lesser Himalaya, Western Nepal
Authors: Lamsal Indra , Ghimire Subesh , Acharya Kamala Kant 
Published: January 2021

Subsidence in carbonate rock is one of common and challenging action in terms of engineering construction. Geological study and geophysical investigation carried out in the intake area of Nalgad Hydroelectric Project Jajarkot, western Nepal Lesser Himalaya. The main objective was to identify the cause of subsidence in the intake area of Nalgad Hydroelectric Project, Jajarkot. Geological study of the area was carried to understand the lithology, thickness and structure of the area.
The study area comprises two distinct rock units, namely, Dolomite Unit followed up by the Slate Unit. The Dolomite Unit is composed of light grey to grayish white stromatolitic dolomite which is thrusted over the Slate Unit near to Laikham village and Sepu Khola area. The Slate Unit is made up of grayish black to graphitic slate. A thin prominent calcareous horizon wasconfined between Slate Unit.
2D-Electric Resistivity Tomography (ERT) measurements were deployed in four different lines to investigate the cause of the subsidence in the carbonate terrain. A concentric very high resistivity patch shown by Tomogram ER-D-01 survey line was identified and interpreted as dry cavity. The result of the 2D- ERT survey was correlated with core log data of geotechnical exploration in the suspicious point to ensure the presence of karst in the Dolomite Unit at right bank of Nalsyagu Khola near dam axis of Nalgad Hydroelectric Project. The 2D – ERT survey together with geotechnical investigation is capable of identifying subsurface karst feature as the cause of surface collapse in the area.
Local level Disaster Response in Nepal: Investigating the Government Agencies
Authors: Malla Shrijan Bahadur , Dahal Ranjan Kumar , Hasegawa Shuichi 
Published: January 2021

Effect of local level disaster response is always questionable in Nepal. It is because the capacity of local responding bodies' i.e. local administration, elected representatives and security forces is deficit. Overlooking own role and responsibility by public service offices such as health, water supply, road network, rural development, communication, education has overburdened the responsibility of CDO during disaster response and eroded the effectiveness of cluster approach. Similarly, over-reliance on security forces from relief and rescue to rehabilitation and reconstruction have also garnered lethargy amongst civil administration and public service offices wearing away their capacity. For that reason, it is utmost important that the prevailing tendency should be altered and derailed local level response mechanism should be brought into the right track.
Geology of Shantipur-Wami Taksar Areas of Gulmi-Baglung Districts, Western Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Sushant , Gaire Pashupati , Paudyal Kabi Raj 
Published: January 2021

The study area represents a small part of the Lesser Himalaya in western Nepal and lies about 346 km west from Kathmandu. It covers 250 km area representing some parts of Gulmi and Baglung districts. The area was selected for the present study on the impression from the previous geological map that has showed some metallic mineral resources like iron, copper and lead in the region. Similarly, studies reveal that there is very complicated geological structure which raised the interest for the study. Main objective of the study was to prepare a geological map of the area in a scale of 1:25,000 and study the possible mineral deposits. An extensive geological mapping was carried out in the field covering at one data within one centimetre of the map scale and large number of samples was collected for the petrographic as well as ore genesis studies. The rocks of the region were mapped under two geological units as the Nourpul Formation (older) and the Dhading Dolomite (younger). There are a series of folds in the area. From regional to micro-scale all folds are trending towards east-west. The Badi Gad Fault and the Harewa Khola Thrust are the regional scale thrust mapped in the area. The Badi Gad is considered as a strike-slip in nature. The Harewa Khola Thrust is probably an imbricate fault. It has propagated to the north which is out of sequence in nature.
Some metallic minerals like copper and iron along with old working mines were observed during the study. Occurrences of copper and iron mineralization has been mapped and described. Present study revealed that copper mineralization is limited within the veins and boudinage forms as hydrothermal deposit while the iron is tabular and syngenetic in nature.