bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of inclined plates settler integrated with constructed wetland for high turbidity water treatment
Authors: Kasenene Atwebembela J. , Machunda Revocatus L. , Njau Karoli N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate and demonstrate cost-effective treatment technologies for highly turbid waters, used for domestic purposes in rural areas of Tanzania where conventional community water treatment techniques are not available. Pilot-scale inclined plates settler integrated with constructed wetland (IPS-CW) system was investigated on earth dam water with turbidities ranging from 186 to 4,011 NTU. The IPS was used as a physical pretreatment system preceding the CW, meant for the removal of organic matter, nutrients, and pathogens. Major focus of the IPS-CW system was on turbidity and faecal coliform (FC) removal, and at 5 L/min flow rate mean maximum removal efficiencies of 95.9% and 94.3% were achieved, respectively. Total suspended solids, nitrate (NO3−), ammonium, biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and phosphate removal were studied and removal efficiencies of 97.4%, 91.7%, 71.3%, 91.7% and 49.8% were obtained at 5 L/min flow rate, respectively. Although the use of these combinations of technologies in improving drinking water quality is uncommon, results demonstrated that NO3− and BOD5 met WHO and TBS drinking water standards of ≤50 mg/l and ≤6 mg/L respectively. Due to low production cost and simplicity in operation, the system is relevant for application in rural communities.
The Undernutrition Situation of School-age Children in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Iheme Gideon O. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Under-nutrition in school-age children has proven to be responsible for
poor academic performance as well as declined work capacity and poor health/reproductive function
later in life. Nutritional assessment is key to monitoring the effectiveness of intervention programs
aimed at reducing under-nutrition. Yet, there is a gross absence of national data on the nutritional
status of school-age children.

Objective:
This study was designed to pool existing recent data on anthropometrically determined
under-nutrition prevalence of school-age children and provide a clear picture of the regional and national
malnutrition situation of school-age children in Nigeria.

Methods:
Published studies on the anthropometric status of school-age children in Nigeria from
2005 to 2019 were reviewed. Eligible studies were those that used the acceptable international
growth standards. A total of 27 articles that assessed 17,820 school-age children met the inclusion
criteria.

Results:
Results showed that 37.9% of studies had adopted the WHO 2007 growth reference. The
overall pooled stunting, underweight, and wasting/thinness prevalence of school-age children in
Nigeria are 25.5+20.4%, 24.4+18.8%, 20.6+17.4%, respectively. More than half of the studies had
their under-nutrition prevalence above the public health significance thresholds. Stunting (53.2%)
and underweight (36.9%) were most prominent in the North West region, while the South Southern
part of Nigeria had the highest prevalence of acute malnutrition (39.5%).

Conclusion:
The study suggests that the inclusion of school-age children in national nutrition surveys
and scale-up of intervention programs will reduce this high under-nutrition prevalence.
Use of Either Non-invasive Ventilation Immediately Post-extubation or Controlled Mechanical Ventilation for One Hour after Fulfilling Weaning Criteria Decreases Re-intubation of Patients with Post-traumatic ARDS
Authors: Allam Mohamed Gaber Ibrahim Mostafa 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
Re-intubation and re-ventilation after complete weaning of patients with prolonged ventilation are considered a major problem in ICU. The re-intubation in such patients associated with higher mortalities prolongs the duration of ICU stay. The mortality rate in those patients may exceed 40% in some studies.

Aims:
The study aimed to compare and evaluate the effect of use of two new maneuvers with control after fulfilling criteria of weaning from prolonged ventilation, either immediate use of NIV post-extubation and every 12 hours for 24 hours or MV for one hour on both re-intubation and ICU discharge of traumatic ARDS patients who ventilated for one week or more.

Materials and Methods:
It is a prospective double-blind study done on total 300 patients, admitted with respiratory failure ARDS due to severe lung contusion. All of them were selected to be ventilated for > one week. All of them fulfilled the criteria of weaning at the end of the studied period. Patients were randomly allocated in three groups; each group contained 100 patients. Group A was considered the control group. They extubated and followed our routine protocol; patients of group B used our first new maneuver and reconnected to mechanical ventilation before extubation for one hour, while patients of group C used our second new maneuver; patients of this group extubated and immediately connected to NIV with BIPAP mode for 1 hour every 12 hours for 24 hours.

Results:
There was a significant reduction in the number of patients who experienced deterioration in conscious level throughout the study in patients of both groups B and C compared to group A. Also, a significant reduction was seen in the number of patients who experienced deterioration in clinical parameters of respiration, of both groups B and C compared to group A with regard to high respiratory rate, desaturation and development of hyperdynamic circulation (tachycardia and hypertension). Also, a significant reduction was seen in the number of patients who had multiple quadrant parenchymatous infiltration throughout the study in patients of both groups B and C compared to group A. significant reduction in the number of patients marked limitation to FEV1, FVC and MVV in patients of both groups B and C compared to group A.

Conclusion:
Use of either immediate NIV every 12 hours for 24 hours or MV for one hour after fulfillment of weaning criteria reduced reintubation, re-ventilation and post-extubation respiratory failure and decreased the ICU stay in prolonged ventilated patients due to ARDS from severe lung trauma with no significant difference between them.
Screening for Potential Traditional Herbal Inhibitors Against 3-Chymotrypsin- like Main Protease (3CLpro) from Four Different Coronaviruses: An in silico Approach
Authors: Singh P. , Ardra P. , Hariprasad V.R. , Babu U.V. , Rafiq M. , Rao R. P. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has raised a global health
concern due to the unavailability of any vaccines or drugs. The repurposing of traditional herbs
with broad-spectrum anti-viral activity can be explored to control or prevent a pandemic.

Objective:
The 3-chymotrypsin-like main protease (3CLpro), also referred to as the “Achilles’ heel”
of the coronaviruses (CoVs), is highly conserved among CoVs and is a potential drug target. 3CLpro
is essential for the virus’ life cycle. The objective of the study was to screen and identify broad-
-spectrum natural phytoconstituents against the conserved active site and substrate-binding site of
3CLpro of HCoVs.

Methods:
Herein, we applied the computational strategy based on molecular docking to identify potential
phytoconstituents for the non-covalent inhibition of the main protease 3CLpro from four different
CoVs, namely, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-229E.

Results:
Our study shows that natural phytoconstituents in Triphala (a blend of Emblica officinalis
fruit, Terminalia bellerica fruit, and Terminalia chebula fruit), namely chebulagic acid, chebulinic
acid, and elagic acid, exhibited the highest binding affinity and lowest dissociation constants (Ki),
against the conserved 3CLpro main protease of SARSCoV-2, SARS-CoV, HCoV-HKU1, and
HCoV-229E. Besides, phytoconstituents of other herbs like Withania somnifera, Glycyrrhiza
glabra, Hyssopus officinalis, Camellia sinensis, Prunella vulgaris, and Ocimum sanctum also
showed good binding affinity and lower Ki against the active site of 3CLpro. The top-ranking phytoconstituents’
binding interactions clearly showed strong and stable interactions with amino acid
residues in the catalytic dyad (CYS-HIS) and substrate-binding pocket of the 3CLpro main
proteases.

Conclusion:
This study provides a valuable scaffold for repurposing traditional herbs with anti--
CoV activity to combat SARS-CoV-2 and other HCoVs until the discovery of new therapies.
Development of a Smartphone App to Predict and Improve the Rates of Suicidal Ideation Among Transgender Persons (TransLife): Qualitative Study
Authors: Dubov Alex , Fraenkel Liana , Goldstein Zil , Arroyo Hansel , McKellar Derek , Shoptaw Steve 
Published: February 2021

Background
Transgender people are at a high risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and deaths. Among transgender individuals, 77% and 41% engage in suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in their lifetime, respectively, which exceeds the general population rates (9.2% and 2.7%, respectively). Traditionally, suicide risk factors have been studied over a long period between measurements, making it difficult to understand the short-term variability in suicide risk. Mobile phone apps offer an opportunity to understand the immediate precursors of suicidality through the assessment of behaviors and moods in real time. This is the first study to use a mobile phone app (TransLife) to understand the short-term risk factors for suicide among transgender individuals.

Objective
This study aims to beta test the usability of an evidence-informed mobile health (mHealth) suicide prevention phone app, TransLife. The primary aims are to obtain preliminary data on user engagement and satisfaction with the app, and to assess the feasibility of completing ecological momentary assessments (mood logs) within the app.

Methods
We used qualitative methods and an exploratory research approach that combined naturalistic app use, focus groups, and semistructured phone interviews. The focus group was informed about the development of the prototype. We conducted a 3-week evaluation to determine engagement and obtain detailed user feedback about the app. After participation in the pilot, phone-based, semistructured, and audio-recorded exit interviews were conducted with the research participants.

Results
In total, 16 transgender individuals participated in this study. On average, users logged in 4 (SD 2.7) times a week and spent approximately 5 (SD 3.5) minutes on the app per log-in. A total of 6 major themes emerged in this study. These themes focused on the app’s functionality, satisfaction with using the app, perceived ease of use, perceived safety of providing personal data within the app, trusting the app enough to share personal feelings, and features that make this app engaging. These themes suggest that TransLife is an engaging, useful, and acceptable mHealth intervention. Participants reported that the app was easy to use and understand, supported mental self-care, promoted self-awareness, and helped them identify triggers of negative moods.

Conclusions
The results of this pilot study indicate that TransLife is an engaging, acceptable, and potentially effective mHealth intervention. Transgender participants reported many advantages of using TransLife, such as being able to track their mood, connecting to the community, and accessing local resources. This study provides initial support for the acceptability and usability of TransLife as an mHealth intervention designed for the transgender community.
Effects of a School-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Obesity and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Adolescents With Intellectual Disability: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Aiwei , Gao Yang , Wang Jingjing , Tong Tomas K , Sun Yan , Yu Siyue , Zhao Hong , Zou Daozhi , Zhang Ziheng , Qi Yuling , Zuo Nan , Bu Danran , Zhang Dexing , Xie Yaojie , Baker Julien S 
Published: February 2021

Background
Childhood obesity accompanied by lower levels of health-related physical fitness (HRPF) is a major threat to public health both internationally and locally. Children with intellectual disability, especially adolescents, have a higher risk of being overweight/obese and having poor HRPF levels. Therefore, more interventions are needed to help this population attain their optimal health levels. However, there has been relatively limited research on this population compared with on their typically developing peers.

Objective
The proposed study aims to fill this knowledge gap by developing and examining the success of a physical activity (PA) intervention for the target population.

Methods
The proposed study will be a 12-week, school-based randomized controlled trial. The participants (N=48) will be recruited from special schools for students with mild intellectual disability and then randomly allocated to either the intervention group (IG) or the wait-list control group (CG). During the intervention period, the participants in the IG will receive a fun game–based moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) training program (2 sessions/week, 60 minutes/session, for a total of 24 sessions). The intensity of the activities will increase in a progressive manner. Participants in the CG will receive no program during the study period, but the same PA program will be provided to them after the completion of the study. To observe and evaluate the sustaining effects of the intervention, follow-up testing will be scheduled for the participants 12 weeks after the intervention concludes. The study outcomes will include primary outcomes (obesity- and fitness-related outcomes) and a secondary outcome (blood pressure). All of the measurements will be taken at 3 time points. After the follow-up tests, the same PA training program will be provided to the participants in the CG.

Results
This study is ongoing. The participants were recruited from October 2020 to November 2020. The total duration of the study is 13 months. Study results are expected at the end of 2021.

Conclusions
The proposed study is expected to reduce obesity and improve HRPF levels in children with intellectual disability. If proven effective, the intervention will be made accessible to more special schools and mainstream schools with students with intellectual disability. Furthermore, the study can serve as an example for international researchers, policy makers, and members of the public who are seeking to tackle the problem of obesity and poor HRPF among children with intellectual disability.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04554355; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04554355

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/25838
Komparasi Model Pemberantasan Korupsi Sebagai Upaya Reflektif Menemukan Bentuk Ideal KPK dalam Kacamata State-Centric
Authors: Firdaus Syahran 
Published: February 2021

Artikel ini menggunakan teori State-Centric untuk menganalisa bentuk kelembagaan yang ideal bagi KPK sebagai pelaksana pemberantasan korupsi. Langkah awal yang dilakukan adalah melakukan komparasi model pemberantasan korupsi di dua negara, yaitu Singapura dan Hongkong. Dari hasil komparasi ini, kemudian dikerangkai dalam teori tentang Korupsi dan State Auxiliary Agencies (SAA) sebagai langkah untuk mengenali kelembagaan KPK. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan State-Centric, hasil rumusan rekomendasi disesuaikan dengan konteks KPK di Indonesia dan mempertimbangkan hasil refleksi komparasi di dua negara yang telah disebutkan. Selain itu, artikel ini juga tidak lupa untuk menganalisis capaian dan hambatan kinerja yang dihadapi KPK. Hal ini dilakukan agar mendapatkan hasil evaluasi dari kinerja KPK selama ini sehingga rumusan rekomendasi yang diberikan dapat dilakukan secara komprehensif. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan data studi literatur disertai dengan tambahan data sekunder terkait dengan capaian dan hambatan kinerja KPK dalam kurun waktu 2003–2019.
Los “otros” retornados. Invisibilidad y exclusión en el sistema educativo mexicano: aportes etnográficos desde Oaxaca
Authors: Rodríguez-Cruz Marta 
Published: February 2021

<p>La actual diáspora en retorno desde Estados Unidos a México está integrada por una importante cantidad de niñas y niños mexicanos que se encuentran en edad escolar. Sin embargo, aunque portadores de nuevas y diferentes necesidades educativas, éstos son sometidos a fuertes procesos de invisibilidad y exclusión en el sistema educativo del país al que retornan. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cómo estos procesos se concatenan en las escuelas del estado de Oaxaca, uno de los que más población retornada recibe, y qué repercusiones tienen sobre esta niñez. Para ello, se ha desarrollado una metodología cualitativa que ha contemplado un trabajo de campo antropológico realizado entre los años 2018 y 2019 en el que se han empleado distintas técnicas etnográficas de obtención de datos: observación con y sin participación, entrevistas semiestructuradas y conversaciones informales. Los principales hallazgos apuntan a la existencia de procesos de invisibilidad de la niñez retornada en las estructuras macro, meso y micro del sistema educativo que provocan, correspondientemente, su exclusión en las mismas.</p><div> </div>
Espacios de vida cotidiana y el continuum movilidad/inmovilidad: el protagonismo de niñxs y adolescentes migrantes en el continente americano. Un proyecto etnográfico multimedia
Authors: Glockner Valentina , Álvarez Soledad 
Published: February 2021

<p>En este artículo exponemos los planteamientos teóricos y meto-<br /> dológicos centrales de un ejercicio colectivo, interdisciplinario y transnacional de investigación y divulgación iniciado en 2018 para crear lo que hemos definido como “Mosaico Etnográfico Multimedia sobre las experiencias de niñas, niños y adolescentes migrantes en el continente americano”. El argumento a discusión es que incorporar teórica y metodológicamente el análisis del protagonismo de niñxs y adolescentes migrantes al estudio de la movilidad contemporánea puede ser reinterpretado a la luz de la triada analítica compuesta por las nociones de vida cotidiana, producción espacial multi-escalar y <em>continuum</em> movilidad/inmovilidad. Re-interpretando hallazgos empíricos de dos experiencias migratorias concretas en torno a la niñez y adolescencia en contextos de movilidad/inmovilidad en comunidades de origen en Los Andes ecuatorianos y en la frontera norte de México, el artículo evidencia cómo niñxs y adolescentes ecuatorianos, mexicanos y hondureños activan diversas tácticas y estrategias para responder a la inmovilidad <em>de facto</em> que el actual régimen de control fronterizo neoliberal produce en sus vidas, ponen en marcha diversas formas de movilidad, mientras re-producen espacialidades y temporalidades cotidianas e imaginarias como formas de subsistencia y resistencia ante las violencias de los tiempos presentes.</p>
Editorial, volumen 55-I
Authors: Daneels Verriest Annick 
Published: February 2021

<p>Este es el segundo número que aparece durante el periodo de confinamiento de la pandemia del COVID-19. La situación se ha agravado en el periodo decembrino, a nivel mundial y con las cifras más altas en América. En las reuniones del comité editorial del año pasado se contempló por dos veces la posibilidad de convocar a secciones especiales sobre la pandemia, pero el consenso de los miembros fue esperar para tener una perspectiva más clara de los efectos en su conjunto. Aún así, como los artículos de este volumen se recibieron o se corrigieron desde la primavera de 2020, varios integran valoraciones sobre el impacto de la pandemia en los eventos y casos que investigan a largo plazo, ya que todos los aspectos de la sociedad se han visto afectados.</p><div> </div>
The Interpretasion of “Wa-‘Allama Ādama Al-Asmā’a Kulla-Hā” (Qs. 2: 31) and its Relation with the Issue of the Origin of Language; Study Text of al-Ùabarī’s, al-Zamakhsharī’s and al-Rāzī’s Commentary on the Qur’ān
Authors: Nurullah Nurullah 
Published: February 2021

This paper will describe the interpretation of the verse 31, and its relation with the issue of the origin of langguage, from three selected commentaries, namely; Jāmi‘ al-Bayān ‘an Ta’wīl āy al-Qur’ān, al-Kashshāf ‘an ×aqā’iq al-Tanzīl, and MafātīÍ al-Ghaib. A close reading of these tree commentaries reveals that there are two interpretation of the word al-asma‘; first, it means every single word that signifies a meaning: nouns, verbs or particle i.e. the names of everything: angels, humans, animals, and inanimate existent includes its qualities, properties and everything relates to objects. This was the same to saying that God had taught Ādam language in its totality. Al-Zamakhsharī and al-Rāzī believe the verse demonstrates that God taught Ādam every language. But unlike al-Zamakhsharī, who seems to suggest that God was pointing to the objects and naming them, al-Rāzī does not explain how this process occurred, whether God educated him or thrown a knowledge (the understanding of language) into his mind. Second, al-Ùabarī who interprets it in a narrow meaning: al-asma‘ means the names of the angels and Ādam’s sons, seems to suggest that God just taught Ādam some languages. Abstrak: Tulisan ini akan mendiskusikan penafsiran dari ayat 31 dan kaitannya dengan isu asal mula bahasa, dari tiga kitab tafsir yaitu: Jāmi‘al-Bayān ‘an Ta’wīl āy al-Qur’ān, al-Kashshāf ‘an ×aqā’iq al-Tanzīl, and MafātīÍ al-Ghaib. Berdasarkan penafsiran dari ketiga kitab tafsir ini ditemukan bahwa terdapat dua pemahaman dari lafaz al-asma’. Pertama; meliputi semua kata yang menunjukkan kepada makna baik kata benda, kata kerja atau partikel dan lain sebagainya. Yakni meliputi nama segala sesuatu termasuk malaikat, manusia, binatang maupun benda mati termasuk kualitas, sifat dan semuanya yang berhubungan dengan objek. Ini bermakna bahwa Allah telah mengajarkan Ódam bahasa secara keseluruhan. Al-Zamakhsharī and al-Rāzī berpendapat, ayat menjelaskan bahwa Allah mengajarkan Ódam semua Bahasa. Namun berbeda dengan al-Zamakhsharī yang nampaknya menerangkan bahwa Allah mengajarkan Ódam dengan menunjuk kepada benda kemudian menamainya, al-Rāzī tidak menjelaskan bagaimana proses itu berlangsung, apakah Allah mengajarkan Ódam atau mengilhamkan pengetahuan kepadanya. Kedua, al-Tabari yang menafsirkan ayat dengan makna yang lebih sempit, di mana al-asma’ pada ayat bermakna nama-nama malaikat dan anak-anak Ódam terkesan memahaminya bahwa Allah mengajarkan Ódam hanya sebagian bahasa saja.