bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential patterns of connectivity in Western Pacific hydrothermal vent metapopulations: A comparison of biophysical and genetic models
Authors: Breusing Corinna , Johnson Shannon B. , Mitarai Satoshi , Beinart Roxanne A. , Tunnicliffe Verena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHydrothermal ecosystems face threats from planned deep‐seabed mining activities, despite the fact that patterns of realized connectivity among vent‐associated populations and communities are still poorly understood. Since populations of vent endemic species depend on larval dispersal to maintain connectivity and resilience to habitat changes, effective conservation strategies for hydrothermal ecosystems should include assessments of metapopulation dynamics. In this study, we combined population genetic methods with biophysical models to assess strength and direction of gene flow within four species of the genus Alviniconcha (A. boucheti, A. kojimai, A. strummeri and A. hessleri) that are ecologically dominant taxa at Western Pacific hydrothermal vents. In contrast to predictions from dispersal models, among‐basin migration in A. boucheti occurred predominantly in an eastward direction, while populations within the North Fiji Basin were clearly structured despite the absence of oceanographic barriers. Dispersal models and genetic data were largely in agreement for the other Alviniconcha species, suggesting limited between‐basin migration for A. kojimai, lack of genetic structure in A. strummeri within the Lau Basin and restricted gene flow between northern and southern A. hessleri populations in the Mariana back‐arc as a result of oceanic current conditions. Our findings show that gene flow patterns in ecologically similar congeneric species can be remarkably different and surprisingly limited depending on environmental and evolutionary contexts. These results are relevant to regional conservation planning and to considerations of similar integrated analyses for any vent metapopulations under threat from seabed mining.
Impact of the chronic wound microenvironment and marine omega‐3 fatty acids on skin cell regeneration processes
Authors: Severing Anna‐Lena , Rembe Julian‐Dario , Füllerer Martin , Stürmer Ewa Klara 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMarine long‐chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 FA) are involved in numerous cell responses and therefore vital for the mammal organism. Because of the attribution of immunomodulatory effects, a favourable impact on the inflammatory response in chronic wounds and cells involved in wound healing can be suspected. In the experimental setup, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were investigated regarding their impact on metabolic activity, cell proliferation and migration of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and newborn foreskin fibroblasts (CRL‐2522). For simulation of the microenvironment of a chronic wound, human chronic wound fluid (CWF) was used in the experimental setup addressing thein vitroinfluence of DHA, EPA and CWF on regenerative processes. The results showed a significant increase in the metabolic activity of keratinocytes and fibroblasts after 72 h treatment with DHA and EPA. In contrast, treatment with ω3 FA had no significant positive effect on skin cell proliferation. Both ω3 FA had no influence onin vitrowound closure. CWF demonstrated significantly adverse effects, which ω3 FA were unable to mitigate. It can be concluded that CWF exhibited the expected adverse effect on both skin cell types, especially inhibitingin vitrowound closure. ω3 FAs showed a slightly positive, yet rarely significant effect on human skin cells. Overall, the addition of DHA or EPA showed no relevant benefit for skin cells challenged with human CWF, merely in combination with DHA an initial significant increase in cell metabolism (fibroblasts) and cell proliferation (keratinocytes) could be observed.
Satisfying the online food crave: The case of online food aggregators
Authors: Farah Maya F. , Ramadan Zahy , Kanso Jana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe food and beverage (F&B) sector has witnessed a significant rise in online food ordering and delivery companies. Through the consumer journey framework, this study aims to uncover the triggers pertaining to each stage in this journey. An exploratory qualitative research approach was adopted: semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 33 customers and 17 experts in the food industry from the Lebanese, Saudi Arabian, and Emirati markets. A systematic understanding of the journey was devised alongside the triggers per stage to help both restaurants owners and online food aggregators to further develop their penetration and retention of customers using such platforms. The growing shift in emerging markets from ordering food over the phone to placing an order through OFAs has brought several implications on the customer purchase decision, as well as on the restaurants’ business perspectives. While this has had a dual growing impact both on the customer journey at large, and the way in which restaurants operate and market themselves, this field is yet under‐researched particularly in emerging markets in the Middle East.
T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma with uncommon CD20 expression
Authors: Diez‐Feijóo Ramón , Rodríguez‐Sevilla Juan José , Salido Marta , Colomo Luis , Salar Antonio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe report an interesting case of a T lymphoblastic lymphoma (T‐LBL) with uncommon CD20 expression. Immunophenotype analysis showed TdT expression with positivity of CD3 and CD7 among other T‐lineage markers. Other non‐T markers such as CD79a or myeloid‐associated antigens were negative. Molecular studies were performed evidencing clonal rearrangements for gamma and beta chain T cell receptor were clonal in the lymph node biopsy. Cytogenetic analysis showed deletions in CDKN2A and NOTCH2 genes. CD20 when present in T‐LBL can lead to a false diagnosis of B‐LBL. In this scenario, analysis of rearrangements of both immunoglobulin heavy chain B cell receptor and rearrangement of the T cell receptor can be very helpful.
Mechanical properties of biomimetic ceramic with Bouligand architecture
Authors: An Yumin , Yang Yi , Jia Yongna , Han Wenbo , Cheng Yehong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiomimetic Bouligand architecture is constructed in the ceramic to improve its toughness. Firstly, unidirectional carbon fiber‐reinforced ZrB2‐SiC ceramic films are achieved through a vacuum‐assisted filtration method using graphene oxide. Then, ceramic films are helically assembled at a fixed angle of 30° in the graphite die based on the fiber orientation. Finally, the spark plasma sintering method was utilized to densify helical assembly carbon fiber/ceramic films. By constructing Bouligand structure, high fracture toughness (7.4 MPa·m0.5) and work of fracture (∼1055 J/m2) are achieved in ZrB2‐based ceramic. The toughening mechanisms mainly are crack deflection, twisting and branching, carbon fiber pulling out, and bridging.
Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for molecular serotyping of Shigella flexneri Serotypes 2 and Xv
Authors: Li Sha , Ji Shunshi , Zhu Xiong , Chen Hai , Jin Dong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
This study developed and evaluated a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to simply, rapidly and accurately identify Shigella flexneri serotypes 2 and Xv.

Methods and Results
The LAMP assay based on the O-antigen synthesis and modification genes of S. flexneri including gtrII, gtrX, opt and wzx was developed. Its specificity and sensitivity were evaluated with 19 serotypes of S. flexneri and 96 other Shigella species and bacterial pathogens commonly found in stool samples. This LAMP assay was completed within 20 min at 61°C and could detect boiled DNA samples at concentrations as low as 1 pg/μl. The S. flexneri serotype LAMP assay exhibited 100% specificity for detecting 19 S. flexneri serotypes, no 96 strains of Shigella spp. and other bacterial pathogens. This LAMP assay was used to identify S. flexneri serotypes 2 and Xv from 299 S. flexneri strains isolated in China and results were consistent with that of slide agglutination and multiplex polymerase chain reaction results for the same isolates.

Conclusions
This LAMP assay may facilitate rapid and reliable identifying S. flexneri serotypes 2 and Xv.

Significance and Impact of Study
The present study was the first LAMP method for identifying serotypes of S. flexneri.
Eubacterium coprostanoligenes and Methanoculleus identified as potential producers of metabolites that contribute to swine manure foaming
Authors: Strom Noah , Ma Yiwei , Bi Zheting , Andersen Daniel , Trabue Steve , Chen Chi , Hu Bo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aim
Swine manure foaming is a major problem, causing damage to property, livestock, and people. Here, we identified the main chemicals and microbes that contribute to foaming.

Methods and results
Foaming and non-foaming swine manure were sampled from farms in Iowa and Illinois. Targeted and untargeted metabolomics analyses identified chemical markers that differed between foaming and non-foaming manure and between manure layers. Microbial community analysis and metagenomics were performed on a subset of samples. Foam contained significantly higher levels of total bile acids and long chain fatty acids like palmitic, stearic and oleic acid than the other manure layers. Foam layers also had significantly higher levels of ubiquinone 9 and ubiquinone 10. The slurry layer of foaming samples contained more alanine, isoleucine/leucine, diacylglycerols (DG), phosphtatidylethanolamines, and vitamin K2, while ceramide was significantly increased in the slurry layer of non-foaming samples. Eubacterium coprostanoligenes and Methanoculleus were more abundant in foaming samples, and E. coprostanoligenes was significantly correlated with levels of DG. Genes involved in diacylglycerol biosynthesis and in the biosynthesis of branched-chain hydrophobic amino acids were overrepresented in foaming samples.

Conclusions
A mechanism for manure foaming is hypothesized in which proliferation of Methanoculleus leads to excessive production of methane, while production of DG by E. coprostanoligenes and hydrophobic proteins by Methanosphaera stadtmanae facilitates bubble formation and stabilization. Significance and impact of study: While some chemical and biological treatments have been developed to treat swine manure foaming, its causes remain unknown. We identified key microbes and metabolites that correlate with foaming and point to possible roles of other factors like animal feed.
Direction‐aware mapping algorithms have minimal impact on bipolar voltage maps created using high‐resolution multielectrode catheters
Authors: Yavin Hagai D. , Sroubek Jakub , Yarnitsky Jonathan , Bubar Zachary P. , Higuchi Koji , Zilberman Israel , Basu Shubhayu , Anter Elad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionDirection‐aware mapping algorithms improve the accuracy of voltage mapping by measuring the maximal voltage amplitude recorded in the direction of wavefront propagation. While beneficial for stationary catheters, its utility for roving catheters collecting electrograms (EGMs) at multiple angles is unknown.ObjectiveTo compare the directional dependence of bipolar voltage amplitude between stationary and roving catheters.MethodsIn 10 swine, a transcaval ablation line with a gap was created. The gap was mapped using an array catheter (Optrell™; Biosense Webster). In Step 1, the array was kept stationary over the gap, and four voltage maps were created during activation of the gap from superior, inferior, septal, and lateral directions. In Step 2, four additional maps were created; however, the catheter was allowed to move with points acquired at multiple angles. In Step 3, the gap was remapped; however, bipoles were computed using a direction‐aware mapping algorithm.ResultsIn a stationary catheter position, bipolar voltage distribution was influenced by the direction of activation with maximal differences obtained between orthogonal directions 32% (13%–53%). However, roving the catheter produced similar bipolar voltage maps irrespective of the direction of activation 11% (5%–18%). A direction‐aware mapping algorithm was beneficial for reducing the directional dependence of voltage maps created by stationary catheters but not by roving catheters.ConclusionThe directional dependency of bipolar voltage amplitude is greatest when the catheter is stationary. However, when the catheter is allowed to rove and collect EGMs at multiple angles as occurs clinically, the directional dependence of bipolar voltage is minimal.
Assessment of stigma related to visible skin diseases: a systematic review and evaluation of patient‐reported outcome measures
Authors: Luck‐Sikorski C. , Roßmann P. , Topp J. , Augustin M. , Sommer R. , Weinberger N.A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMisconceptions about visible skin diseases are widespread, and patients often face discrimination and stigmatization due to their condition. The associated negative health and psychosocial consequences of stigmatization in skin diseases have prompted an increase in research activity in recent times, resulting in a wide variety of assessment measures. This study aimed at aggregating and evaluating evidence of psychometric properties and methodological quality of published measures to assess stigma in visible skin diseases. Studies assessing stigmatization in visible skin diseases were searched in four databases (Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Embase) until February 2021. The review followed PRISMA guidelines. Papers regarding development and/or validation of measures were identified by two independent researchers. Inclusion criteria were defined as follows: (i) quantitative studies in (ii) populations with skin diseases using (iii) questionnaires explicitly assessing (iv) perceived or public stigmatization or discrimination available in (iv) English or German language. The COnsensus‐based Standards of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist was used to evaluate their psychometric properties and risk of bias. 35 studies using 21 instruments were identified. Twenty instruments focused on assessing the perceived reality of those affected by visible skin diseases, while public stigma was only assessed by two instruments. Twelve scales could be recommended for use, while nine instruments had the potential to be recommended after further studies have assessed their quality. Some limitations are to be noted. Only studies in English and German were included. Research on self‐constructed instruments can lead to new validated instruments, but they were not included in the review at this point. Several validated instruments could be recommended for use. Future research is needed regarding the assessment of stigma across different visible skin diseases, in children and adolescents, and in the general public.
Moderate evidence for heritability in the duet contributions of a South American primate
Authors: Clink Dena J. , Lau Allison R. , Kanthaswamy Sreetharan , Johnson Lynn M. , Bales Karen L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAcoustic signals are ubiquitous across mammalian taxa. They serve a myriad of functions related to the formation and maintenance of social bonds and can provide conspecifics information about caller condition, motivation and identity. Disentangling the relative importance of evolutionary mechanisms that shape vocal variation is difficult, and little is known about heritability of mammalian vocalizations. Duetting––coordinated vocalizations within male and female pairs––arose independently at least four times across the Primate Order. Primate duets contain individual‐ or pair‐level signatures, but the mechanisms that shape this variation remain unclear. Here, we test for evidence of heritability in two call types (pulses and chirps) from the duets of captive coppery titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus). We extracted four features––note rate, duration, minimum and maximum fundamental frequency––from spectrograms of pulses and chirps, and estimated heritability of the features. We also tested whether features varied with sex or body weight. We found evidence for moderate heritability in one of the features examined (chirp note rate), whereas inter‐individual variance was the most important source of variance for the rest of the features. We did not find evidence for sex differences in any of the features, but we did find that body weight and fundamental frequency of chirp elements covaried. Kin recognition has been invoked as a possible explanation for heritability or kin signatures in mammalian vocalizations. Although the function of primate duets remains a topic of debate, the presence of moderate heritability in titi monkey chirp elements indicates duets may serve a kin recognition function.
Eye healing in a free‐ranging whitespotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari) following shark‐inflicted bite injuries
Authors: Rangel Bianca S. , Viegas Roberta , Bettcher Vanessa B. , Garla Ricardo C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHere we provide the first photographic records of the eye healing of a free‐ranging whitespotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari) following shark‐inflicted bite injuries on the cephalic region. The whitespotted eagle ray with fresh wounds on the cephalic region close to its right orbit, upper jaw and the anterior margin of its right pectoral fin was photographed on 19 July 2017 at the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Two subsequent photographs of the whitespotted eagle ray with a blind right eye were taken on 29 March 2018 and 18 April 2018. These records show the whitespotted eagle ray had the capacity to recover from the wounds, although they have led to the blindness of the eye. These findings also demonstrate this individual was able to survive for at least 9 months with a nonfunctional eye.
Influence of alumina ratio on reactions at the surface of alite crystals during cooling
Authors: Böhm Matthias , Knöpfelmacher Aneta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicrostructural features of industrial Portland cement clinker samples are presented to illustrate the influence of the clinker melt chemistry on the reactions taking place on the surfaces of alite crystals during cooling at high temperatures. While clinker melts rich in Al2O3 are usually undersaturated with respect to CaO, leading to corrosion of alite crystals and formation of secondary belite, clinker melts rich in Fe2O3 are oversaturated with respect to CaO. This leads to a final growth step of alite during cooling, as long as the clinker temperature is still in the stability field of alite (>1250°C). In the first case, the microstructural features of the alite surface permits conclusions on the length of the precooling zone in the rotary kiln, which is closely connected to the flame shape. In the latter case, such conclusions cannot be drawn.
A rapid detection of tomato yellow leaf curl virus using recombinase polymerase amplification-lateral flow dipstick assay
Authors: Zhou Y. , Zheng H.Y. , Jiang D.M. , Liu M. , Zhang W. , Yan J.Y. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl disease which is caused by Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is economically important and a widely spread tomato disease in China. Rapid and accurate detection methods are important in the control TYLCV. Here, a rapid method was developed to identify TYLCV on the basis of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) that can be visualized in 5 min using lateral flow dipsticks. The sensitivity and the specificity of this method were evaluated. This method can detect 0·5 pg DNA after 30 min at 37°C without any expensive instrumentation. In addition, it showed higher sensitivity than a PCR method when purified DNA was used. Moreover, the TYLCV was specifically detected, whereas other viruses infecting tomato produced negative results. The crude tomato extracts used in this assay has potential application in minimally equipped plant clinic laboratories. This method will facilitate the early and rapid detection of TYLCV for the timely application of control measures.
A multi‐site, nurse‐coordinated hepatitis C model of care in primary care and community services in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Harney Brendan L. , Whitton Bradley , Paige Emma , Brereton Rebecca , Weiss Robert , Membrey Dean , Wade Amanda J. , Iser David , Kemp William , Roberts Stuart K. , Spelman Tim , Sacks‐Davis Rachel , Hellard Margaret E. , Doyle Joseph S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment through primary care and community‐based services will be a critical component of HCV elimination. We evaluated a nurse‐coordinated programme providing care across eight sites and analysed progression through the HCV care cascade.MethodsPeople‐accessing services from six primary care clinics, a homeless crisis accommodation provider and a mental health service were directly referred to nurses or engaged by nurses during regular clinic visits. Nurses supported HCV testing, treatment and follow‐up. The prescription was provided by affiliated clinicians. Logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with treatment commencement and sustained virological response (SVR) testing.ResultsOf 640 people referred to and/or engaged by the nurses from January 2017 to July 2019, 518 had an HCV RNA test of whom 381 (74%) were HCV RNA positive. Treatment was commenced by 281 (74%) people of whom 161 had an SVR test, 157 (97.5%) were cured. Opioid agonist therapy was associated with treatment commencement (aOR 2.68, 95% CI 1.48‐4.88). People who were homeless/unstably housed were less likely to commence treatment (aOR 0.45, 95% CI 0.23‐0.87). Treatment prescription from a specialist (aOR 2.39, 95% CI 1.20‐4.74) and recent injection drug use (<6 months) (aOR 2.15, 95% CI 1.07‐4.31) was associated with SVR testing.ConclusionA nurse‐coordinated model of care led to high levels of HCV treatment uptake and cure amongst people attending primary care and community services. More tailored models of care may be beneficial for people who are homeless or have unstable housing. These results support primary care and community‐based hepatitis C treatment.