bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seamless Satellite‐image Synthesis
Authors: Zhu Jialin , Kelly Tom 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe introduce Seamless Satellite‐image Synthesis (SSS), a novel neural architecture to create scale‐and‐space continuous satellite textures from cartographic data. While 2D map data is cheap and easily synthesized, accurate satellite imagery is expensive and often unavailable or out of date. Our approach generates seamless textures over arbitrarily large spatial extents which are consistent through scale‐space. To overcome tile size limitations in image‐to‐image translation approaches, SSS learns to remove seams between tiled images in a semantically meaningful manner. Scale‐space continuity is achieved by a hierarchy of networks conditioned on style and cartographic data. Our qualitative and quantitative evaluations show that our system improves over the state‐of‐the‐art in several key areas. We show applications to texturing procedurally generation maps and interactive satellite image manipulation.
Relighting Humans in the Wild: Monocular Full‐Body Human Relighting with Domain Adaptation
Authors: Tajima D. , Kanamori Y. , Endo Y. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe modern supervised approaches for human image relighting rely on training data generated from 3D human models. However, such datasets are often small (e.g., Light Stage data with a small number of individuals) or limited to diffuse materials (e.g., commercial 3D scanned human models). Thus, the human relighting techniques suffer from the poor generalization capability and synthetic‐to‐real domain gap. In this paper, we propose a two‐stage method for single‐image human relighting with domain adaptation. In the first stage, we train a neural network for diffuse‐only relighting. In the second stage, we train another network for enhancing non‐diffuse reflection by learning residuals between real photos and images reconstructed by the diffuse‐only network. Thanks to the second stage, we can achieve higher generalization capability against various cloth textures, while reducing the domain gap. Furthermore, to handle input videos, we integrate illumination‐aware deep video prior to greatly reduce flickering artifacts even with challenging settings under dynamic illuminations.
Write‐An‐Animation: High‐level Text‐based Animation Editing with Character‐Scene Interaction
Authors: Zhang Jia‐Qi , Xu Xiang , Shen Zhi‐Meng , Huang Ze‐Huan , Zhao Yang , Cao Yan‐Pei , Wan Pengfei , Wang Miao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract3D animation production for storytelling requires essential manual processes of virtual scene composition, character creation, and motion editing, etc. Although professional artists can favorably create 3D animations using software, it remains a complex and challenging task for novice users to handle and learn such tools for content creation. In this paper, we present Write‐An‐Animation, a 3D animation system that allows novice users to create, edit, preview, and render animations, all through text editing. Based on the input texts describing virtual scenes and human motions in natural languages, our system first parses the texts as semantic scene graphs, then retrieves 3D object models for virtual scene composition and motion clips for character animation. Character motion is synthesized with the combination of generative locomotions using neural state machine as well as template action motions retrieved from the dataset. Moreover, to make the virtual scene layout compatible with character motion, we propose an iterative scene layout and character motion optimization algorithm that jointly considers character‐object collision and interaction. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system with customized texts and public film scripts. Experimental results indicate that our system can generate satisfactory animations from texts.
Egocentric Network Exploration for Immersive Analytics
Authors: Sorger J. , Arleo A. , Kán P. , Knecht W. , Waldner M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo exploit the potential of immersive network analytics for engaging and effective exploration, we promote the metaphor of “Egocentrism”, where data depiction and interaction are adapted to the perspective of the user within a 3D network. Egocentrism has the potential to overcome some of the inherent downsides of virtual environments, e.g., visual clutter and cyber‐sickness. To investigate the effect of this metaphor on immersive network exploration, we designed and evaluated interfaces of varying degrees of Egocentrism. In a user study, we evaluated the effect of these interfaces on visual search tasks, efficiency of network traversal, spatial orientation, as well as cyber‐sickness. Results show that a simple Egocentric interface considerably improves visual search efficiency and navigation performance, yet does not decrease spatial orientation or increase cyber‐sickness. An occlusion‐free Ego‐Bubble view of the neighborhood only marginally improves the user's performance. We tie our findings together in an open online tool for Egocentric network exploration, providing actionable insights on the benefits of the Egocentric network exploration metaphor.
Fisetin ameliorates cognitive impairment by activating mitophagy and suppressing neuroinflammation in rats with sepsis‐associated encephalopathy
Authors: Ding Hongguang , Li Ya , Chen Shenglong , Wen Yin , Zhang Shiying , Luo Ensi , Li Xusheng , Zhong Wenhong , Zeng Hongke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundFisetin, the effective ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine named Cotinus coggygria, is recommended to be active therapeutic in many disorders. However, its role in sepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE) remains unclarified.MethodsCecal ligation and puncture (CLP) operation was performed to establish a rat model of SAE. Rats were grouped according to the surgery operation and fisetin administration. Cognitive impairment was assessed by Morris water maze test. Disruption of blood‐brain barrier (BBB) integrity was detected by Evan's blue staining. The mitophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines levels were measured through western blot and double immunofluorescence labeling. A transmission electron microscope was applied for the observation of mitochondrial autophagosomes.ResultsRats in the CLP group presented increased expression of IL‐1R1, pNF‐κB, TNF‐α, and iNOS in microglial cells, indicating severe inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Nevertheless, there was no increase in BBB permeability. Meanwhile, NLRP3 inflammasome was activated in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs), presented with an elevation of caspase‐1 expression and IL‐1β secretion into CNS. In addition, we found fisetin significantly improved cognitive dysfunction in rats with SAE. Neuroprotective effects of fisetin might be associated with inhibition of neuroinflammation, represented with decreased expression of IL‐1R1, pNF‐κB, TNF‐α, and iNOS in microglia. Furthermore, fisetin induced mitophagy, scavenged ROS, blocked NLRP3 inflammasome activation of CMECs, as evidenced by decreased expression of caspase‐1 and reduced release of IL‐1β into CNS.ConclusionCollectively, fisetin‐blocked NLRP3 inflammasome activation via promoting mitophagy in CMECs may suppress the secretion of IL‐1β into CNS, reduce neuroinflammation, and contribute to the amelioration of cognitive impairment.
Systemic allergic dermatitis (systemic contact dermatitis) from pharmaceutical drugs: A review
Authors: de Groot Anton C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe literature on systemic allergic dermatitis (SAD; also known as systemic contact dermatitis) is reviewed. Both topical drugs (from absorption through mucosae or skin) and systemic drugs (oral, parenteral, rectal) may be responsible for the disorder. The topical route appears to be rare with 41 culprit topical drugs found to cause SAD in 95 patients. Most reactions are caused by budesonide (especially from inhalation), bufexamac, and dibucaine. SAD from systemic drugs is infrequent with 95 culprit drugs found to cause SAD in 240 patients. The drugs most frequently implicated are mitomycin C, methylprednisolone (salt, ester), and hydrocortisone (salt). The largest group of culprit drugs consisted of corticosteroids (19%), being responsible for >30% of the reactions, of which nearly 40% were not caused by therapeutic drugs, but by drug provocation tests. The most frequent manifestations of SAD from drugs are eczematous eruptions (scattered, widespread, generalized, worsening, reactivation), maculopapular eruptions, symmetrical drug‐related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE [baboon syndrome]) and widespread erythema or erythroderma. Therapeutic systemic drugs hardly ever cause reactivation of previously positive patch tests and infrequently of previous allergic contact dermatitis. The pathophysiology of SAD has received very little attention. Explanations for the rarity of SAD are suggested.
Barriers and enablers to diabetic eye screening attendance: An interview study with young adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Prothero Louise , Lawrenson John G. , Cartwright Martin , Crosby‐Nwaobi Roxanne , Burr Jennifer M. , Gardner Philip , Anderson John , Presseau Justin , Ivers Noah , Grimshaw Jeremy M. , Lorencatto Fabiana ,   for the EROS Study Investigators
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to identify barriers and enablers of diabetic eye screening (DES) attendance amongst young adults with diabetes living in the United Kingdom.MethodsSemistructured qualitative interviews with adults aged 18–34 years with diabetes. Participants were purposively sampled to aim for representation across gender, geographical locations, diabetes type, years since diabetes diagnosis and patterns of attendance (i.e. regular attenders, occasional non‐attenders, regular non‐attenders). Data were collected and analysed using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to explore potential individual, sociocultural and environmental influences on attendance. Data were analysed using a combined deductive and inductive thematic analysis approach. Barriers/enablers were mapped to behaviour change techniques (BCTs) to identify potential strategies to increase attendance.ResultsKey barriers to attendance reported by the sample of 29 study participants with type 1 diabetes, fell within the TDF domains: [Knowledge] (e.g. not understanding reasons for attending DES or treatments available if diabetic retinopathy is detected), [Social Influences] (e.g. lack of support following DES results), [Social role and Identity] (e.g. not knowing other people their age with diabetes, feeling ‘isolated’ and being reluctant to disclose their diabetes) and [Environmental Context and Resources] (e.g. lack of appointment flexibility and options for rescheduling). Enablers included: [Social Influences] (e.g. support of family/diabetes team), [Goals] (e.g. DES regarded as ‘high priority’). Many of the reported barriers/enablers were consistent across groups. Potential BCTs to support attendance includeInstructions on how to perform the behaviour;Information about health consequences;Social support (practical)andSocial comparison.ConclusionsAttendance to diabetic eye screening in young adults is influenced by a complex set of interacting factors. Identification of potentially modifiable target behaviours provides a basis for designing more effective, tailored interventions to help young adults regularly attend eye screening and prevent avoidable vision loss.
Oxidized phospholipids and lipoprotein(a): An update
Authors: Koutsogianni Amalia Despoina , Liberopoulos Evangelos , Tellis Konstantinos , Tselepis Alexandros D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOver the past few years, there has been an undiminished interest in lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs), mainly carried on this lipoprotein. Elevated Lp(a) has been established as an independent causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease. OxPLs play an important role in atherosclerosis. The main questions that remain to be answered, however, is to what extent OxPLs contribute to the atherogenicity of Lp(a), what effect hypolipidaemic medications may have on their levels and the potential clinical benefit of their reduction. This narrative review aimed to summarize currently available data on OxPLs and cardiovascular risk, as well as the effect of established and emerging hypolipidaemic medications on Lp(a)‐OxPLs.
Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccines as inducers of humoral response against apolipoprotein A‐1?
Authors: Vuilleumier Nicolas , Pagano Sabrina , Ludewig Burkhard , Schmiedeberg Kristin , Haller Christoph , von Kempis Johannes , Rubbert‐Roth Andrea 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 and some anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines trigger a humoral autoimmune response against a broad range of endogenous components, which may affect recipients’ prognosis in predisposed individuals. Autoantibodies directed against apolipoprotein A‐1 (AAA1 IgG) the major protein fraction of High Density Lipoprotein have been shown to be raised in COVID‐19 and in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and other populations where they have been associated with poorer outcomes. We wanted to assess the impact of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA‐based vaccination on AAA1 autoimmune biomarkers in RA patients.Methods20 healthy controls and 77 RA mRNA‐based vaccinated patients were collected at baseline, 3 weeks after the first vaccination, 2 and 8 weeks after the second vaccination. AAA1 and SARS‐CoV‐2 serologies were measured by immunoassays. Systemic and local symptoms occurring during the vaccination protocol were recorded.ResultsmRNA‐based vaccination induced a significant increase in median AAA1 IgG levels in both healthy controls and RA patients overtime. However, in both populations, these medians trend did not translate into significant increase in AAA1 IgG seropositivity rates despite evolving from 5 to 10% in healthy controls, and from 9 to 12.9% in RA patients. No associations were retrieved between AAA1 IgG and symptoms of any kind during the vaccination protocol.ConclusionsmRNA‐based vaccination seems to induce a light AAA1 IgG response in immunocompetent individuals within 2 months after the last injection. Although we did not observe any warning signs, the formal demonstration of the harmlessness of such biological warrants further studies.
The neural determinants of beauty
Authors: Yang Taoxi , Formuli Arusu , Paolini Marco , Zeki Semir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe perception of faces correlates with activity in a number of brain areas, but only when a face is perceived as beautiful is the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) also engaged. Here, we enquire whether it is the emergence of a particular pattern of neural activity in face perceptive areas during the experience of a face as beautiful that determines whether there is, as a correlate, activity in mOFC. Seventeen subjects of both genders viewed and rated facial stimuli according to how beautiful they perceived them to be while the activity in their brains was imaged with functional magnetic resonance imaging. A univariate analysis revealed parametrically scaled activity within several areas, including the occipital face area (OFA), fusiform face area (FFA) and the cuneus; the strength of activity in these areas correlated with the declared intensity of the aesthetic experience of faces; multivariate analyses showed strong patterns of activation in the FFA and the cuneus and weaker patterns in the OFA and the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). The mOFC was only engaged when specific patterns of activity emerged in these areas. A psychophysiological interaction analysis with mOFC as the seed area revealed the involvement of the right FFA and the right OFA. We conjecture that it is the collective specific pattern‐based activity in these face perceptive areas, with activity in the mOFC as a correlate, that constitutes the neural basis for the experience of facial beauty, bringing us a step closer to understanding the neural determinants of aesthetic experience.
Influences on the trajectory and subsequent outcomes in CDKL5 deficiency disorder
Authors: Leonard Helen , Junaid Mohammed , Wong Kingsley , Aimetti Alex A. , Pestana Knight Elia , Downs Jenny 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe study investigated the effect of seizure and medication burden at initial contact with the International CDKL5 Disorder Database on subsequent development and clinical severity and compared quality of life among those whose development progressed, remained stable, or regressed between baseline and follow‐up.MethodsThe effects of seizure and medication burden at baseline (high or low) on the CDKL5 Disorder Severity Scores and CDKL5 Developmental Score (CDS) at follow‐up were assessed using linear and negative binomial regressions, respectively, with adjustment for age at baseline, gender, and follow‐up duration with and without genotype. Seizure and medication burden were defined by average daily seizure count (high, ≥5/day; low, <5/day) and number of antiseizure medications (high, ≥3/day; low, <3/day), respectively. The effects of change in CDS over time (improved, stable, or deteriorated) on Quality of Life Inventory–Disability (QI‐Disability) total and domain scores at follow‐up were assessed in those aged at least 3 years at follow‐up using linear regression models with adjustment for baseline CDS, gender, and follow‐up duration.ResultsThe expected follow‐up CDS was lower for individuals with high compared to low seizure burden at baseline (β = −.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −.84 to −.13). The average total QI‐Disability score was 5.6 (95% CI = −.2 to 11.5) points higher among those with improved compared with stable or deteriorating CDS and 8.5 (95% CI = 3.1–13.8) points lower for those with deteriorating compared to stable or improved CDS.SignificanceOur finding that later development showed slight improvement in those with better earlier seizure control even after adjustment for genotype suggests that the trajectory for an individual child is not necessarily predetermined and could possibly be influenced by optimal seizure management. This has implications for children's quality of life.
ESIMD: Epileptic seizure identification using metaheuristic deep learning technique
Authors: Satyender  , Dhull Sanjeev , Singh Krishna Kant 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe identification of epileptic seizure from electroencephalogram (EEG) segments is significant for seizure identification and classification. In epilepsy, the patients develop epileptic seizures. These lead to neurological disorders and abnormal brain activities. The manual identification of seizures is not very efficient. As the manual analysis of EEG data requires expert neurologists it is prone to inaccuracies. Therefore, automated methods for seizure identification are required. Deep learning methods have shown efficiency in the seizure classification problem. Many challenges are faced by the existing methods owing to the properties of the EEG signals like transiency, non‐stationary behaviour and presence of noise. Therefore, to overcome these challenges and design a highly efficient method an automated method based on deep learning and spotted hyena optimization (SHO) algorithm is proposed. The SHO algorithm is used to initialize the network as it avoids the local minima problem. Epileptic seizure identification using metaheuristic deep learning (ESIMD) is proposed in this paper which is a hybridization of spotted hyena and deep convolution network. The convolutional neural network used has two blocks, the first block is used for feature extraction and the second block for seizure classification. ESIMD is used for seizure detection and classification. The proposed algorithm can handle the complex and large number of features in EEG signals. The performance of the proposed is evaluated by applying it on EEG Bonn Dataset. The results are compared with 13 other conventional methods. The comparative study shows that ESIMD gives higher accuracy than the existing methods.
Relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetic comparison of a fixed‐dose combination tablet of mosapride, pancreatin, and simethicone relative to single‐component mosapride tablets in healthy Mexican subjects
Authors: Camarillo Cárdenas Karen Paola , García González Jessica , Argüelles Tello Federico Alberto , Ocampo Ramírez Jorge Arturo , Moreno Hernández José Belisario , Pendela Murali Mohan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAbbott Laboratories de México S.A. de C.V. developed a new fixed‐dose combination of mosapride 5 mg, pancreatin 170 mg, and simethicone 125 mg as an alternative to the mosapride monotherapy to improve overall satisfaction and adequate relief of gastrointestinal disorders symptoms and to reduce multiple pill burden. As a part of the fixed‐dose combination registration process in Mexico, a pharmacokinetic and relative bioavailability study was carried out to demonstrate nonexistence of pharmacokinetic interaction when mosapride is administered alone or in combination with pancreatin and simethicone using DOSIER® (mosapride) 5‐mg tablets as a reference product. Tolerability of the fixed‐dose combination tablet was assessed. In this open‐label, randomized, oral single‐dose, two‐way crossover study, 65 healthy male and female subjects received either the fixed‐dose combination tablet or the reference product during each study period. The two study periods were separated by a 7‐day washout period. Mosapride concentrations in plasma samples were determined using a validated ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method. Blood samples were collected for up to 16 h post dose. The primary evaluation criteria were Cmax and AUC0–t for mosapride. The 90% confidence intervals for the ratio of geometric means for Cmax (96.12% to 110.90%) and AUC0–t (99.07% to 108.06%) were within the defined acceptance limits of 75% to 133% and 80% to 125% for Cmax and AUC0–t, respectively, indicating bioequivalence between the two products. Both products were safe and well tolerated. Therefore, mosapride in combination with pancreatin and simethicone tablet is bioequivalent to mosapride alone, and no new safety signals emerged.