bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iran Total Water Storage from May 2018 to 2020
Authors: Sorkhabi Omid Memarian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Total water storage (TWS) is obtained by the gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) satellite by measuring surface density changes. TWS provides valuable information about the water cycle on Earth and can play a useful role in water resource management studies. In this study, TWS of GRACE- Follow-On (FO) satellite from 2018 to 2020 has been studied. The western and central regions of Iran are in a better situation than other regions. Northwest, North, Northeast areas have a decreasing TWS trend of more than 5 cm. The western regions of Iran show an increasing trend and its value is about 3 cm. The southern regions of Iran have an almost constant annual TWS trend. TWS 2020 is similar to 2019.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Somalia (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Cronin Jen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Somalia, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
MTHFR 677 C&lt; T and 1298 A&gt;C polymorphisms increases the risk of recurrent abortion in the Iraqi woman
Authors: Abood Emad Salaam , Naser Maryam Sabah , Naser Raheem Jabaar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The C677T and A1298C polymorphism mutations in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene will be investigated in a multi-abortion study. Aim: To determine mutation (SNP) in the methyl tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) Gene with multiple abortion. Methods: “We nominated two hundred patients for this study in three groups: the study group, The first group included 50 women with a history of 1 or 2 missed first trimester Abortions and fifty to control group the last group which consisted of one hundred Patients with a history more than two missed abortion. Anticoagulants human blood tests such as (protein C, protein S, and lupus) as well as general serum tests IgG and IgM for (Cytomegalovirus, Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Anti-cardiolipin antibodies and anti-phospholipid antibody) were performed. In addition, screening of the maternal MTHFR C667T and MTHFR a 1298C mutation was determined by PCR.Result: all common serum test for study population (CMV, Toxo, Rubella, ACA and APL) IgG and IgM, also anticoagulants human blood test (protein C, protein S and Lupus) is negative. The frequency of heterozygous (genotype) A1298C and C677T was similar. The distribution of MTHFR, C677T and A1298C genotypes show significantly differences P ≤ 0.05; OR= (95%CI) between patients with multiple abortions and control subjects.Conclusions: the result suggestion MTHFR A>C 1298 and C< T 677 polymorphisms might be associated with multiple abortion in the examined population.
Symptoms and underlying diseases associated with the hospitalization period of 3480 Covid-19 patients in Hormozgan, Iran
Authors: Takhti Hesamuddin Kamalzadeh , Ardaneh Mahdieh , Zare Shahram , Sarkhaei Maryam Rezaei , Amiri-Ardekani Ehsan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: COVID-19 has a relationship with patients’ demographic characteristics as well as their underlying diseases. This research has been conducted to evaluate factors' effect on Covid-19 patient's hospitalization rate and period in Hormozgan, Iran. Materials and Methods: The inclusion criteria of this retrospective study included all patients diagnosed as COVID-19 Patients after PCR who were referred to Covid-19 hospitals from February 2020 to June 2020 in Hormozgan province, Iran. After the completion of the consent form and observing ethical principles, 3480 patients' information was collected through the interview by Medical care monitoring center unit experts. The checklist was designed according to COVID-19 guidelines and approved by the World Health Organization and Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The studied variables included gender, age, patients’ residence place, smoking history and medications use history, pregnancy, referral type to hospital, contact history with COVID-19 patients, early symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, intubation, Po2 level, history of cancer, chronic liver diseases, diabetes, chronic blood diseases, HIV/AIDS, acquired or congenital immunodeficiency, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases, dialysis status, asthma and other chronic lung diseases, and chronic neurological disorders. These data were analyzed using descriptive (average-standard deviation-percentage) and analytical (including Chi-square, t-test, and regression tests) statistics with SPSS Ver.23 software. Results: In this study, 3480 COVID-19 patients including 1852 male patients (53.20%) with a median age of 43.11±21.72 and 1628 female patients (46/80%) with a median age of 44.86±22.40. The median age of men was significantly lower than the women's median age (P= 0.02). The duration of hospitalization of male and female patients was reported 2.64±4.14 and 2.76±4.297, respectively which was not statistically significant. The death rate of patients in our study was 6.6%. Conclusion: The results of this study also showed that the hospitalization period of HIV-positive patients and patients with cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases is much longer than other people, which imposes many human and financial costs on the country's health care system. Therefore, to maintain individual health and help improve the critical condition of the virus, it is better to develop and apply stricter protocols to prevent further outbreaks of the disease and check underlying diseases of people suspected to have Covid-19. These results can improve health care system planning and improving medical services presented to covid-19 patients.
Efficient and facile synthesis of pyrazoles using Guar-gum as biocatalyst and their in vitro bio-evaluation
Authors: Sangwan Suman , Singh Rajvir , GULATI SUSHEEL , Rana Suprita 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A green efficient and facile synthesis of pyrazoles is reported via condensation reaction between substituted aldehydes (1a-1i), malononitrile (2) and 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (3) in presence of acylated Guar-gum as biocatalyst under solvent-free conditions. The progress of reaction was checked by thin layer chromatography and melting points reported are uncorrected. All synthesized compounds (4a-4i) were characterized by using 1HNMR and FTIR spectral techniques and evaluated for in vitro herbicidal activity against Raphanus sativus L. (Radish seeds). All compounds (4a-4i) were also evaluated for their antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Aspergillus niger by poisoned food techniques method. Antioxidant activity of synthesized compound was also determined. From activity results, it was found that compound 4f was most active against both Raphanus sativus L. (root) and Raphanus sativus L. (shoot) respectively. Compounds 4e and 4h were found most active against Rhizoctonia solani and Aspergillus niger fungus respectively at highest concentration. Compound 4e has shown maximum percentage DPPH free radical scavenging activity 1.e. 61.47% at 100 µg/mL concentration. Less reaction time, excellent yield of products, mild reaction conditions and simple work-up are some merits of present methodology.
Psycho-social Impact of COVID-19: Methodological challenges in Researching Virtually
Authors: Pandey Nisha Mani , Tripathi Rakesh Kumar , Pandey Deeksha 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Observing the possibility of various psycho-social and emotional issues stemming from the pandemic and lockdown, we have planned an online study with repeated measures. The study aimed to observe the changes and impact of the lockdown and unlock the community's lifestyle and psycho-social well-being. The present article discusses the results of the study and the methodological challenges.Methods: This was an observational study. Information was collected on a semi-structured questionnaire using Google Forms. The study was done two different times; 1) during the lockdown; 2) after the unlock. After getting ethical clearance, the questionnaire (Google form) was distributed amongst people using social media platforms. The investigators also requested their contacts to further disseminate the forms in their circles. Data were analysed applying SPSS-24.Results: A total of 324 responses were obtained during the lockdown. However, the follow-up questionnaire after the unlock had only 159 responses. An equal proportion of males and females took part in the study during the lockdown, but females outnumbered males after the unlock. Participants felt changes in their daily routine habits, physical and mental activities, household tensions and daily expenditures due to the lockdown.Discussion and conclusion: The study reveals that individuals during the lockdown have struggled with various negative emotions. The excessive drop-out of the online study and the limited number of responses from participants were the major methodological challenge.
Promoting Respectful Maternity Care using a Behavioral Design Approach in Zambia: Results from a Mixed-Methods Evaluation
Authors: Smith Jana , Schachter Allison , Banay Rachel , Zimmerman Emily , Sellman Abigail , Kamanga Ameck 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Respectful maternity care (RMC) has been elevated in the global discourse, however, instances of disrespect and abuse remain prevalent. While several studies have highlighted promising approaches to promote RMC, this body of literature is still limited and few approaches have been scaled outside the initial study sites. Building on formative research conducted through a behavioral science lens, we sought to develop and test evidence-based, low-cost solutions to promote RMC which would be well-positioned for scale-up. Our study highlights the effectiveness of the solution package on provider provision of better care and client satisfaction, as well as intermediary outcomes and behavioral mechanisms. Methods: A quasi-experimental evaluation, informed by the behavioral design approach, was completed to test the effectiveness of a 5-component solution package in Chipata, Zambia. Quantitative surveys were collected from health facility providers and postpartum clients at baseline and endline in intervention and comparison facilities. Additional qualitative interviews were conducted with health facility providers and postpartum clients at endline. We also conducted interviews with health facility in-charges and observed labor and delivery practices at intervention facilities over the course of implementation. Results: Evidence suggested that at endline, clients at implementation facilities were less likely to experience disrespect and abuse compared to clients at comparison facilities (ß= -0.15 p=.01). Clients at intervention facilities were more likely to request pain management compared to clients at comparison facilities (ß=.33, p=.003). The solutions were simple for providers to implement and were easily integrated into existing services by providers during labor and delivery. Providers at intervention facilities also described the pain management toolkit as helpful in expanding the types of pain management techniques used during labor.Conclusions: The results of this small-scale study act as a proof of concept, demonstrating that the behavioral design approach can lead to solutions that show potential for impact. In other settings where providers face similar barriers to providing RMC, an adaptation of this solution package might lead to similarly positive results. Given the global scale of disrespectful care, these low-cost solutions hold promise for improving the quality of care women receive during labor and delivery.
The Pavlov University experience in medical assistance for patients with the novel coronavirus infection: first results and lessons
Authors: Bagnenko, S. F. , Polushin Yu. S. , Shlyk I. V. , Teplov V. M. , Karpova E. A. , Gavrilova E G. , Afanasyev A. A. , Khryapa A. A. , Bovkun I. V. , Kalmanson L. M. , Malinina D. A. , Skvortsova R. D. , Korobenkov E. A. 
Published: May 2021

The constant mutation of the virus and the complicated epidemiological situation in other countries keep the probability of a third wave of the pandemic in the Russian Federation fairly high. It is important to summarize the gained experience as fast as possible to use it appropriately once it is needed.The objective: to analyze the specific parameters of care for critically ill patients with the novel coronavirus infection in Pavlov Multidisciplinary Medical Center.Subjects and methods. This is a result-based report on the work performed by the Infection Center, which was deployed twice in Pavlov Multidisciplinary Medical Center (from 28.04.2020 to 03.08.2020 and from 01.11.2020 to 15.03.2021). Totally, 3,830 patients with SARS-CoV-2 were managed (1,680 patients during the first deployment and 2,150 patients during the second one). In the preparatory period, the operation of the emergency department based on the inpatient emergency medical department (EMD) had been simulated to clarify its staff structure and the procedure for admission, examination, and treatment of patients. Here we compare the organizational approaches during the first and second waves of the pandemic and present the characteristics of the demographic data of the treated patients, the incidence of certain complications, and outcomes.Results. The overall lethality in the Center made 6.2%. Despite the experience gained in the first wave, the results of treatment during the second wave (autumn-winter) did not improve (5.7% died in the first wave and 6.7% in the second one). Lethality in ICU and EMD was 40.0% and 49.6%, in ICU only – 38.5% and 46.9% respectively. A moderate lethality increase in ICU was due to the concentration of critically ill and most critically ill patients. There were 51.4% of patients with comorbidities and 53.5% were above 65 years of age. Refinement and differentiation of tasks performed by departments, simulation of the operation of the Center before opening made it possible to increase the throughput of the medical unit avoiding rush during admission and deterioration the quality of treatment.Conclusion. Certain aspects of the organization of medical care affect the performance of a multidisciplinary medical institution transformed into an infectious diseases hospital. The experience gained under such circumstances can be useful in other emergencies with a large number of victims and patients.
DATE CORRECTION OF OMAR BIN KHATTAB’S DEATH IN AN ASTRONOMICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Nadirin Akhmad , Ni'am M. Ihtirozun 
Published: May 2021

Omar bin Khattab was a companions of Prophet Muhammad SAW who had the title as Amīr al-Mu’minīn. He led Islam for about 10 years before being stabbed by Abu Lu'luah when he was in the morning prayer at the end of the 23rd H year until death. There are many opinions in Islamic historical literature about the death of Omar bin Khattab. Some experts say that 3, 4 or 7 days left in Dzulhijjah 23 H or the Sunday of Muharram 24 H. This study is intended for the first, knowing why there is a difference in the death data. Second, answering the problems of correction Omar bin Khattab’s death data in an astronomical perspective. These problems are discussed with a qualitative research in the form of library research. The primary sources used in this study are Tārikh al-Thabari Tārikh al-Umam wa al-Mulūk, Ashāb al-Futuyā , al-Kāmil fī al-Tārikh, Siyar A’lam al-Nubulā, al-Bidāyah wa al-Nihāyah. Furthermore, the data obtained is converted into days and dates then it is cohered with the appropriate data. The result of this study shows that there is the difference of Omar bin Khattab’s death data. It is caused by the difference theories of the data. Thus, based on the astronomical calculation, the date of Omar bin Khatab’s death was on Wednesday, 26th Dzulhijjah 23 H / 3rd of November 644 M (3 days left in the month Dzulhijjah 23 H).
QIBLA DIRECTIONS THROUGH ULAMA’S FATWA : Comparative Study between Qibla Direction Fatwa of Indonesian Ulama Council and Dar Al-Ifta Al-Misriyyah
Authors: Mustafa Ahsin Dinal 
Published: May 2021

Qibla direction is one of the important things in Islam. Especially in the prayer worship. Al-Quran and Hadith have explained about the direction of qibla during the lifetime of the Prophet. The Problems begun when Muslims spread all the world as it is today. Muslims who are far from Mecca can not see the Ka’bah, so it is difficult to determine the "ainul Ka'bah". But now the rapid development of technology makes it easy for Muslims to determine the direction of the Qibla appropriately. In this case, however, the ulama' do ijtihad with their fatwa regarding how precisely facing the Qibla is permissible for those who cannot see the Ka'bah. This study aims to explain how 'Indonesian' ulama in this case the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI) and 'Egyptian' ulama (Dar al-Ifta 'al-Misriyyah) resolve the problem and explain what lies behind the views of both. This study is a comparative normative study using a qualitative approach. The study data was taken from the MUI fatwas and Dar al-Ifta 'al-Misriyyah. The results of the study showed that the MUI fatwa initially decided the direction of the qibla of Indonesian Muslims to face westward, but then a new fatwa emerged afterwards which decided the qibla of Indonesian Muslims to face northwest with varying positions according to the location of their respective regions. In contrast to the MUI fatwa, the fatwa from Dar al-Ifta 'al-Misriyyah shows that for those who cannot see the Kaaba it is permissible to deviate slightly from the actual qibla direction with a 45 degree limit in the right or left direction.
Characterisation of low-Reynolds number flow through an orifice: CFD results vs. laboratory data
Authors: Martins Nuno M. C. , Covas Dídia I. C. , Meniconi Silvia , Capponi Caterina , Brunone Bruno 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pressurised pipe systems transport fluids daily over long distances and sediment deposits are responsible for narrowing the cross-sectional area of the pipe. This reduces the carrying capacity in gravity pipes and increases the energy consumption in rising mains. As partial blockages do not give rise to any external evidence, they are considered the most insidious fault occurring in pipe systems. Thus, the refinement of reliable techniques for detecting partial blockages at an early stage is of great interest to water utilities. This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based analysis of the steady-state flow through a sharp-edged orifice which corresponds to the most straightforward partial blockage feature in a pipe. The main motivation is the fact that the interaction between pressure waves and a partial blockage – on which Transient Test-Based Techniques for fault detection are based – is strongly influenced by the pre-transient conditions at the partial blockage. The refined CFD model has been validated by considering experimental data selected from the literature. The comparison of obtained results demonstrates good performance of the numerical model. This authorised exploring in detail the features of the flow through the orifice as a necessary premise to its use within the successive transient analysis.
CLASSES SOCIAIS E ESTRATIFICAÇÃO EM “OLHAIS OS LÍRIOS DO CAMPO”
Authors: Souza Arthur Arantes 
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo analisa o romance “Olhai os lírios do campo” de Érico Veríssimo a partir da teoria de classe de Karl Marx e da estratificação social de Max Weber. Discute, a partir das relações do protagonista, Eugênio Fontes, como conceitos como ideologia, para Marx, e estamento, para Weber, operam no mundo do romance. Apesar das diferenças destas teorias, elas possibilitam acompanhar coisas como a resignação dos pais com a pobreza e o desconforto de Eugênio na interação com as rodas da elite.

Palavras-chave: Olhai os lírios do campo. Romance. Classes Sociais. Estratificação Social.
In Silico Drug Design: Development of New Pyrimidine-based Benzothiazole Derivatives, Selective for CDK2
Authors: Kasmi Rania , Elmchichi Larbi , El Aissouq Abdellah , Bouachrine Mohammed , Ouammou Abdelkrim 
Published: May 2021

Backgroud:
Kinases are proteins that control many biological functions. They are involved
in cellular regulation, and many of them are deregulated in cancer proliferation. The evidence of this
deregulation in many pathologies served as the origin of kinases as a therapeutic class and constitutes
the motive that leads numerous teams to search for inhibitors of these targets.

Objective:
Based on 3D-QSAR studies and the molecular docking approach, we have developed new
potential inhibitors that could be optimized and transformed into colon cancer drugs.

Methods:
To design new bioactive molecules and study their interactions with the cyclin-dependent
kinase type 2 (CDK2) enzyme, we used two virtual screening methods: 3D-QSAR modeling and molecular
docking on a series of 28 pyrimidine-based benzothiazole derivatives.

Results:
To develop the model (3D QSAR), we used CoMFA and CoMSIA techniques using SYBYLX2.0
molecular modeling software. The statistical parameters reveal that the good CoMFA model displays
Q² = 0.587 and R²= 0.895 and CoMSIA displays Q² = 0.552 and R² = 0.768), which are considered
to be very good internal prediction values, while an external validation of a test series of 5 compounds
not included in the model development series gives R² test values of 0.56 for CoMFA and R² t
est values of 0.51 for CoMSIA. The molecular docking approach with AutoDock Tools-1.5.6 is introduced
in this work to enrich the interpretations extracted from the CoMFA and CoMSIA contour maps
and to provide an in silico research method for the most favorable mode of interaction of an inhibitor
within its receptor (CDK2).

Conclusion:
We have constructed and validated a quantitative 3D model of structure-activity relationships
of pyrimidine-based benzothiazole derivatives as CDK2 inhibitors. This model allows us to identify
the nature and position of the groups that enhance the activity, giving us directions to discover new,
more powerful molecules in a limited time.