bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXV-11 Using assisted reproductive technologies for obtaining new breeding forms by hybridization in sheep breeding
Authors: Vinokurov Nikolaj , Vladimirov Leonid , Machakhtyrov Grigoriy , Machakhtyrova Varvara , Sleptsov Evgeniy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Arctic and northern latitudes are rarely used in animal husbandry, meanwhile, wild species of animals that are best adapted to the harsh climate successfully live in these territories. The aim of the study was to obtain new breeding forms in sheep using assisted reproductive technologies. Domestic sheep of the Buryat Coarsewool and sperm from 4 Siberian bighorn sheep of the Yakut population (Ovis nivicola lydekkeri) were used. Methods of postmortal removal of viable semen from epididymal aspirate and also the composition of a newly created extender for freezing epididymal semen have been developed. Thirteen sheep were inseminated using laparotomy. Sheep in estrus were identified by a test ram. The viability of the semen is influenced by the time interval from the moment of death to the removal of the semen from the epididymal aspirate. The temperature of the environment in which the testicles were kept before the semen removal also affects the final quality of the sperm. Thus, the highest viability of epididymal semen was observed at t = + 4°C when removed within 2 hours after the ram` death. As a result of research, the optimal composition of the extender was developed from test solutions of different compositions. The viability of spermatozoa for the extender was 25–30% higher than in others. Since the fertilizing properties of epididymal semen are lower than that of ejaculated semen, we used the intratubal insemination method. As a result, 8 hybrid F1 offsprings (1/2 domestic sheep x 1/2 wild bighorn sheep) were obtained, which can be kept year-round in winter pastures in the conditions of extremely low temperatures.
PSIX-17 Cytokine profile of cow blood in the treatment of acute postpartum endometritis with recombinant α -, γ-interferons
Authors: Shabunin Sergey , Mikhalev Vitaly 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aim of the study was to research the cytokine profile of cow blood in the treatment of acute postpartum endometritis with the use of recombinant α-, γ-interferons. Animals of the first group (n = 9) with a diagnosis of acute postpartum endometritis were intramuscularly injected with propranolol hydrochloride, denatured emulsified placenta, and nioxityl. Propranolol hydrochloride was administered for 4 days at a dose of 10 ml/animal at 24-hour intervals. The denatured emulsified placenta was injected subcutaneously on days 1-5-9 at a dose of 25 ml /animal. Nioxityl was injected intrauterine at a dose of 150 ml three times with a 48-hour interval. Cows of the second group (n = 11) with the same diagnosis were additionally injected intramuscularly with bovine recombinant α-, γ-interferons three times in 1–3 days at a dose of 5 ml/animal, 1 cm3 of which contains at least 1x104 IU/cm3 of the total antiviral activity of bovine recombinant α-, γ-interferons. Blood samples are taken from all groups before and at the end of the experiment. Blood samples are examined for the content of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-10 (IL-10) using Bovine Elisa Kit Clood-Clone Corp (USA). The therapeutic effectiveness in the first group was 77.8%, in the second - 90.9%, which is 13.1% more. At the end of the course, the level of IL-2 decreased by 42.5% (43.5±4.2 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.01), TNF-Α by 9.1% (457.9±34.6 pg/ml), the level of IL-4 increased by 14.8% (44.2±3.5 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.05), IL-10 by 56.6% (35.7±2.8 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.01). In the second group, the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines decreased: IL–2 by 48.7% (38.8±1.6 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.01), TNFα by 26% (372.5±17.6 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.05) and increased anti–inflammatory cytokines: IL-4 by 46.2% (56.3±4.1 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.001) and IL-10 by 80.3% (41.1±3.5 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.001), which indicates a decrease in the inflammatory response.
PSIX-14 Active and passive immunity in calves vaccinated with a subunit targeted vaccine against BVDV
Authors: Venturini Mauro , Bellido Demian , Baztarrica Josefina , Rocha Lucia , Parreño Viviana , Wigdorowitz Andrés 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infects ruminants, with a worldwide distribution, the virus causes a broad spectrum of clinical diseases and economic losses. Vaccination against BVDV is an important component of prevention and control programs. Currently, only modified live vaccines (MLV) and inactivated vaccines are used. Both have historical disadvantages; MLV in terms of safety and inactivated vaccines in terms of immunogenicity. We have previously reported the development and efficacy trials of the first targeted subunit vaccine against BVDV. The core of the vaccine is a fusion of the BVDV structural protein, E2, to a single-chain antibody, APCH, together termed, APCH-E2. The APCH antibody targets the E2 antigen to the MHC-II present on antigen-presenting cells. The goal of this work was to evaluate passive immunity through colostrum and active immunity of calves immunized with the novel vaccine. 24 A. angus heifers were divided into two groups, 12 immunized with the vaccine and 12 received placebo, in the last trimester of gestation. Serum samples from calves were taken at day 30 of age and analyzed by competitive ELISA. In the vaccinated group, 92% of the d30 old calves maintained medium (25%) or high (67%) antibody levels against BVDV, while 50% of the animals in the control group presented low antibody level (Pearson’s chi-squared p:0,07) (Table 1). At 5 months of age, calves of both groups were immunized with the targeted vaccine. Thirty days later, 96% of the calves had medium or high antibody levels against BVDV, which was independent of their respective heifer vaccine status. These results confirm the new targeted subunit vaccine against BVDV is safe and efficacious to be used in pregnant cattle and can passively immunize newborn calves. They also show that these maternal antibodies do not interfere with the active immunization of calves.
PSIX-20 Galectins expression and secretion in cow milk
Authors: Mulakala Bharath Kumar , Eboghoye Eluka-Okoludoh , Ekwemalor Kingsley , Worku Mulumebet 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the expression and secretion of Galectins (Gal) in cow milk. Cow milk contains a range of proteins of moderate or low abundance that contribute to host defense. However, host defense proteins in milk were not fully discovered. Galectins belong to the lectin family that recognizes specific carbohydrates on cells and involved in innate immune responses. Holstein Friesian cows (n = 16) from North Carolina A&T diary unit were used for this study. Based on the Dairy Heard farm index, eight cows each were assigned to the high or low SCC group. Total RNA was isolated from somatic cells converted to cDNA, for real-time PCR. Cow-specific Gal primers were designed using the NCBI Primer 3 tool. Housekeeping genes RPLP0, UCHL5, and beta-actin were served as internal controls. Total whey protein concentration was determined using a BCA kit. Secretion of Gal was assessed using a specific ELISA kit. Data were analyzed using the Proc ANOVA procedure in SAS 9.4. Galectin was transcribed and secreted in milk. Transcription of Galectin was different in both HSCC and LSCC groups. Total protein concentration remained the same in both groups. Secretion of galectins was different between the HSCC and LSCC group but not significantly. The observed difference in HSCC and LSCC cows warrants further study using more animals; this will aid in a better definition of the role of Gal in the milk host defense. These may also aid as the diagnostic biomarkers for certain infections.
PSX-B-27 Physiological changes in grazing dairy cows at increasing temperatures under moderate climate conditions
Authors: Pontiggia Alice , Münger Andreas , Eggerschwiler Lukas , Stucki Dimitri , Ammer Stefanie , Bruckmaier Rupert M , Keil Nina M , Dohme-Meier Frigga 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The continuous direct exposure to solar radiation, coupled with their own metabolic heat production, make grazing dairy cows on pasture particularly susceptible to heat stress. Heat stress can impair performance, animal welfare, and health. The objective of the present study was to identify physiological indicators of heat stress in dairy cows in a pasture-based production system under moderate climate conditions. The study was performed with 24 lactating Holstein dairy cows during summer 2018 and 2019 at the experimental farm of Agroscope (Posieux, Switzerland). Cows grazed full-time using a set stocking system. Climate conditions were recorded every min and were used to calculate the comprehensive climate index (CCI), which reflects the felt temperature in °C. The vaginal temperature (VT) of each cow was measured every 10 minutes with temperature loggers and was used as a physiological indicator of heat stress. Blood and milk were sampled once daily in the afternoon before and during milking, respectively. The concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were analyzed in blood plasma and cortisol concentration was analyzed in milk. Data from 12 periods of up to 3 consecutive days with increasing CCI was analyzed. Analysis were performed with the averaged CCI and the maximal VT recorded between 0830 and 1430 h. The VTmax was positively correlated with CCIaverage (P &lt; 0.001). The T4 and T3 concentrations decreased with increasing CCIaverage and VTmax (P &lt; 0.01). Cortisol concentrations were positively correlated with CCIaverage and VTmax (P &lt; 0.05). Changes in VT and hormones showed that cows responded to increasing environmental temperature and may have perceived the rising heat load as a stressor.
PSX-B-29 Using ozonized flaxseed oil for treatment of postpartum endometritis
Authors: Nikolaev Semen , Konopeltsev Igor 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Postpartum endometritis is one of the leading causes of infertility in cattle. The study aims to investigate the possibility of using ozonized flaxseed oil (OFO) for treating postpartum purulent-catarrhal endometritis in cows. Ozone was synthesized by using medical ozone generator and chemically pure oxygen. Linseed oil (400.0 ml) was bubbled with an ozone-oxygen mixture for 4 hours through a ceramic sprayer. An ozone concentration at the outlet was 30 mg/l. The therapeutic efficacy of OFO was studied on cattle of the Kholmogory breed with a productivity of 4800 - 5800 kg of milk per year. Thirty animals with symptoms of postpartum purulent-catarrhal endometritis were divided into two groups (n = 15). All of the subjects were in the second and third lactation periods. Animals from both groups were injected with 2% sinestrol solution on days 1 and 3 of treatment. OFO was used in the experimental group (EG). The cattle of the control group (CG) received a 7.5% solution of benzethonium chloride. Drugs were administered intrauterine at a dose of 50–150 ml (depending on the uterus’s size) using a polystyrene pipette, with an interval of 48–72 hours. Cows were inseminated artificially by the cervical method. The pregnancy was determined on the 30-35th day after insemination by ultrasonography. After 5 months of observation, all animals of the CG were pregnant. The pregnancy rate in the EG was 93,3%. In the groups efficiency of the first insemination was 20% and 47%, respectively. In the EG, one impregnation required 1.8±0.2 inseminations, which is 0.5 less than in the CG (2.3±0.3). The duration from calving to impregnation in cows in the EG was 104.4±6.9, 21.2 days less (P &lt; 0.05) than the control, where the period was 125.6±7.6. Thus, OFO can be effectively used for the treatment of endometritis in cattle.
PSX-B-25 Milk productivity and zinc species analysis in cattle depending on the level of lead accumulation
Authors: Kazakova Tatiana , Marshinskaia Olga , Notova Svetlana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aim was to study the milk productivity and zinc species in dairy Holstein cow blood serum depending on the level of lead accumulation. Fat and protein content in milk was assessed by the FIL-IDF procedure. The major zinc species in dairy cow blood serum were tested using a hybrid high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry technique. The lead content in the blood serum of all animals was in the intervals of the physiological standard. Animals with low-normal values (Pb concentration up to the 25th percentile) and high-normal values (Pb concentration above the 75th percentile) were taken to form comparison groups. Animals with high-normal values of lead had a statistically significant decrease of milk yield by 21.8% and daily production of fat by 16.4%. There was a tendency towards a decrease in the yield of protein and its percentage. It was found that the zinc content in all studied fractions (α 2-macro-globulin tetramer, α 2-macro-globulin dimer, albumin, citrates, total content) was statistically significantly lower (more than 4.8 times) in the group with high-normal values of lead. The change in the redistribution of zinc-binding ligands was found depending on the level of lead in the blood. The relative content of the α2-macro-globulin tetramer and α2-macro-globulin dimer was significantly higher by 7% and by 13% in the group with high-normal values of lead. There was the decrease in the level of animal productivity, the metal-ligand forms of zinc underwent changes despite the absence of a significant difference in the total level of lead in the blood serum. This indicates a high potential for the use of speciation analysis in the laboratory diagnosis and allows predicting and correcting zinc metabolism. The studies were performed in accordance with the research plan for 2019–2021 of the Federal Research Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies RAS No. 0526-2019-0001.
PSI-3 An assessment of the barrier function of canine skin after repeated decontamination
Authors: Discepolo Dakota R , Kelley Russell , Wayman Jamie , Fuess Elizabeth , Perry Erin B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Working canines are often deployed to environments with unknown chemical and biological contaminants. Deployed canines may operate in highly contaminated disaster sites for lengthy periods of time requiring daily decontamination efforts. The skin provides a barrier by retaining moisture and preventing entry by contaminants and pathogens. However, few data exist on the impact of repeated decontamination to the canine skin. The objective of this study was to identify changes in dermal health during and after a 14-day serial decontamination program. Labrador retrievers (n = 8) were decontaminated daily using a dish detergent solution (1:8, detergent:water). Skin measurements were collected weekly for pH, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum, and moisture. Additionally, visual assessments were recorded for skin health, coat condition, and dander scores (back and body). Statistical tests were conducted with SAS (version 9.4) with measurements analyzed using a PROC GLM Two Way ANOVA and visual assessments analyzed using PROC FREQ Chi Square test. Significance was set at 5% for all tests. Repeated decontamination significantly increased TEWL (P &lt; 0.0001) through day 16. Sebum content was also impacted by repeated daily decontamination efforts (P = 0.0387). Sebum decreased initially before steadily rising. In contrast, moisture content (P = 0.3842) and pH (P = 0.7462), were unaffected by repeated decontamination. Interestingly, dander scores assessed on the back were worsened by repeated decontamination (P = 0.0222) but dander scores assessed across the whole body were unaffected (P = 0.1804). Coat shine was unaffected by decontamination (P = 0.1156) similar to coat softness (P = 0.3418). Overall coat condition remained unchanged as a result of repeated decontamination efforts (P = 0.9466). These data reveal that daily decontamination impacts dermal function, potentially risks for canines working in contaminated areas. Future work should include investigations into methods for decontamination to mitigate these risks.
PSI-9 Digestibility and metabolizable energy content of supplemented diets based on native shrubs and buffelgrass for small ruminants in northeastern Mexico
Authors: Tejeida Víctor Manuel Perrusquía , Aguilar Nydia Corina Vásquez , Rodríguez Humberto González , Barragán Hugo Bernal , Dávila Fernando Sánchez , Vázquez Néstor Arce , Brenner Estela Garza 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing 10% of sorghum grain (SG), soybean meal (SBM) or dried citrus pulp (DCP) upon dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), and metabolizable energy content (ME) of diets based on dried leaves of two shrub species (Acacia farnesiana and Acacia rigidula) and one grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) browsed by small ruminants. Twelve experimental diets were elaborated using three forage sources: C. ciliaris, A. farnesiana and A. rigidula and evaluated either alone (0% supplementation) or supplemented with 10% of SG (9.0% CP, 22.3% NDF), SBM (42.8% CP, 16.3% NDF) or DCP (4.9% CP, 19.1% NDF). In vitro DMD (Daisy incubator, ANKOM) at 48 h, and in vitro gas production (GP, in calibrated 100 mL glass syringes) at 24 h, were determined by incubating samples in an inoculum prepared by using rumen liquor of two rumen fistulated sheep and artificial saliva in a 1:4 ratio. OMD and ME content were calculated from the gas production, crude protein, ash, and ether extract content. Data were evaluated according to a 3 x 4 factorial experiment. There were no significant (P &gt; 0.05) forage source x supplement interaction effects. Leaves of A. farnesiana had higher (P &lt; 0.05) DMD (64%), GP (26 mL), ME (1910 kcal ME/kg DM), and OMD (53%) than other forages (mean 47% DMD, 17 mL GP, 1232 kcal ME/kg DM, and 39% DMO). Supplements increased (P &lt; 0.05) DMD (average +8%), but only DCP increased (P &lt; 0.05) the GP (+23%) of evaluated forages. Leaves of A. farnesiana had higher DMD (P &lt; 0.05; 64%). There were no effects (P &gt;0.05) of the 10% added supplements in ME content or DMO. In conclusion, leaves of A. farnesiana and DCP are valuable sources of nutrients and energy for small ruminants in northeastern Mexico.
PSI-14 Effects of maternal nutrient restriction during late gestation on neonatal beef calf serum chemistry and complete blood cell count
Authors: Wichman Lindsey G , Redifer Colby A , Meyer Allison M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To determine effects of late gestational nutrient restriction (NR) on neonatal blood chemistry and hematology, primiparous fall-calving crossbred beef heifers [BW: 451 ± 28 (SD) kg; BCS: 5.4 ± 0.7] were individually fed either 100% (control; CON; n = 12) or 70% (n = 13) of NASEM net energy and metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance, pregnancy, and growth from d 160 of gestation to parturition. Calf jugular blood was obtained at 0 (pre-suckling), 6, 12, 24, and 48 h postnatally to determine serum chemistry and complete blood cell count. Data were analyzed with fixed effects of treatment, hour, and their interaction, using repeated measures. Calving date was a fixed effect; calf sex was included when P &lt; 0.25. The treatment x hour interaction (P &lt; 0.10) affected total protein, globulin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, creatine kinase, red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin, hematocrit, sodium, anion gap, and potassium. Total protein and globulin at 6 to 48 h were greater (P ≤ 0.02) in NR calves. Calves from NR heifers had greater (P &lt; 0.08) GGT at 6, 12, and 48 h and greater (P ≤ 0.07) AST at 0 to 24 h. Creatinine at 24 h and creatine kinase at 6 to 24 h were greater (P &lt; 0.04) in NR calves. Hematocrit from 6 to 24 h and RBC and hemoglobin at 6 and 12 h were greater (P ≤ 0.09) in CON calves. Sodium from 0 to 48 h and anion gap at 6 h were greater (P &lt; 0.09) in CON calves. Calves from NR heifers had greater (P = 0.03) 0 h potassium. Treatment affected chloride, which was greater (P = 0.08) in CON calves. These data indicate calves born to nutrient restricted heifers may experience more trauma at calving but have improved passive transfer.
PSIII-6 Relationship of geographical location, cattle type, sex, and pen size to rates of liver abnormalities
Authors: Grimes Becca B , Johnson Jay W , McEvers Trent , Tennant Travis C , Lucherk Loni W , Lawrence Ty E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Bovine liver abscess outcomes of individual animals (n = 989,296) were observed from 2013 to 2021 on a pen (n = 6,420) basis to quantify liver abscess prevalence and severity, as well as other liver abnormalities such as liver flukes. Cattle originated from 122 feedlots located in Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas. Livers were audited at eighteen different beef abattoirs. Observational categories included sex (heifer, steer), cattle type (Holstein, beef-type), and pen count. Pen counts were grouped (&lt; 40, 41–80, 81–160, 161–320, and &gt;320) to quantify the association of pen size on liver abscess outcomes. Data were analyzed as a series of binomial proportions using generalized linear mixed models with fixed effects of observational categories (cattle type, feedyard location, pen size and sex). Cattle fed in Oklahoma or Texas exhibited greater (P &lt; 0.01) frequency of liver flukes (3.2% vs 0.5%) than cattle fed in Colorado or Nebraska. Cattle fed in Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Arizona, and Oklahoma exhibited fewer (P &lt; 0.01) total abscesses (23.5%, 26.0%, 23.6%, 19.3%, 16.9%, and 18.1%) than cattle fed in Idaho, Minnesota, and Texas (36.4%, 36.4%, and 33.2%). Beef-type cattle were observed to exhibit fewer (P &lt; 0.01) total abscesses (22.0% vs 41.1%) and fewer (P &lt; 0.01) severe abscesses (10.2% vs 26.4%) than Holstein cattle. Likewise, native heifers exhibited fewer (P &lt; 0.01) total abscesses (20.6% vs 23.3%) and fewer (P &lt; 0.01) severe abscesses (9.3% vs 11.1%) than native steers. Abscess prevalence differed as a function of pen size. Both total abscess and severe abscess rates decreased (P &lt; 0.01) as animal count within a pen increased (32.66%, 27.47%, 27.86%, 23.17%, and 20.33%; 17.20%, 14.48%, 14.80%, 11.45%, and 9.14%). These results suggest liver abscess prevalence and severity is affected by a wide range of factors.