bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Thermal Emission Spectroscopy at High Temperatures: A Laboratory Approach for Measurement and Calibration
Authors: Thompson James O. , Williams Daniel B. , Lee Rachel J. , Ramsey Michael S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcquiring accurate high temperature laboratory‐based infrared emission spectra of geologic samples is important to constrain their radiative and spectral properties. This is important in calculations of lava flow cooling, crust formation, and ultimately lava flow propagation modeling. However, measuring accurate emission at high temperatures remains a challenge. A new micro‐furnace design was created to integrate with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, replacing the previous furnace and improving the performance and error metrics. Importantly, this approach accounts for all significant error sources and uses only one spectrometer to acquire sample and calibration emission data over greater temperature (473–1,573 K) and spectral (4,000–500 cm−1, 2.5–20 μm) ranges. Emissivity spectra of forsterite and quartz samples were acquired to test the calibration procedure. Forsterite, with no expected phase transitions over the temperature range, showed spectral change above ∼1140 K, potentially due to amorphization–a process not well described in past studies. The quartz results revealed the expected polymorph transformations at ∼846 and ∼1323 K. A Hawaiian basalt sample served as a representative rock test and showed an increase in emissivity (∼25%) with decreasing temperature. The greatest emissivity increase (∼60%) occurred in the middle infrared region (3,333–2,000 cm−1, 3–5 μm). This is significant for thermal/mass flux calculations using satellite data in this spectral region, which rely on emissivity to derive accurate temperatures. All results are consistent with our previous investigations, but with improved mean accuracy (<2%), uncertainty (<4%), and spectral contrast (<20%). The improved metrics were achieved by constraining the sample measurement geometry, sample temperature stability, and environmental contamination within the experiment.
The Deployable Low‐Band Ionosphere and Transient Experiment
Authors: Helmboldt J. F. , Markowski B. B. , Bonanno D. J. , Clarke T. E. , Dowell J. , Hicks B. C. , Kassim N. E. , Taylor G. B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Deployable Low‐Band Ionosphere and Transient Experiment (DLITE) is a four‐element interferometric radio telescope made from mostly commercial off‐the‐shelf parts to minimize costs and maximize ease of deployment. It operates in the high frequency and very high frequency (VHF) regimes, nominally in a 30–40 MHz band, but with good sensitivity (sky‐noise dominated) in the 20–80 MHz range. Its configuration is optimized to probe ionospheric structure using the so‐called “A‐Team,” exceptionally bright sources of cosmic radio emission. Methods have been developed to track the apparent positions and intensities of A‐Team sources without the need for beam forming to enable measurements of VHF scintillations as well as total electron content gradients. Time difference of arrival and frequency difference of arrival methods have been adapted for all‐sky imaging to facilitate both statistical measurements of scintillation levels and time domain astronomy. This study provides a detailed description of the system design, the analysis algorithms, and the science that can be conducted using results from two prototype DLITE systems in Maryland and New Mexico.
Miniature planar telescopes for efficient, wide-angle, high-precision beam steering
Authors: He Ziqian , Yin Kun , Wu Shin-Tson 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNon-mechanical beam steerers with lightweight, compact, high-efficiency, high-precision, and/or large-angle are pivotal for light detection and ranging (LiDAR) of autonomous vehicles, eye-tracking for near-eye displays, microscopy, optical tweezers, and high-precision three-dimensional (3D) printing. However, even the most matured optical phased array can only provide quasi-continuous, efficient beam steering within a small angle range. A telescope module with an angle magnification function can be coupled to enlarge the steering range or precision. But obtaining a compact, low-cost, lightweight, high-quality telescope module with conventional optics remains challenging. Patterned liquid crystal-based planar optical elements offer great design freedom for manipulating the phase profile of light in 2D space. Owing to the advantages of high efficiency, thinness, low cost, easy processing, flexibility, and response to environmental stimuli, a plethora of high-quality optical devices have been demonstrated. Here, a miniature planar telescope mediated by liquid crystal polymers is proposed to offer angle magnification independent of incident spatial location. It consists of two cascaded liquid crystal planar optical elements, each performing a predefined mathematical transformation. By this concept, planar optical elements are fabricated using a new exposure method and assembled into planar telescopes with different magnification factors. Within the incident field range, over 84.6% optical efficiency is achieved with small wavefront distortion. Such a miniature planar telescope shows the potential of cascaded liquid crystal planar optical elements for realizing functionalities that cannot be fulfilled by single optical elements, and enables lightweight, low loss, passive optical transmitters for widespread applications.
Semiconductor core fibres: materials science in a bottle
Authors: Gibson Ursula J. , Wei Lei , Ballato John 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNovel core fibers have a wide range of applications in optics, as sources, detectors and nonlinear response media. Optoelectronic, and even electronic device applications are now possible, due to the introduction of methods for drawing fibres with a semiconductor core. This review examines progress in the development of glass-clad, crystalline core fibres, with an emphasis on semiconducting cores. The underlying materials science and the importance of post-processing techniques for recrystallization and purification are examined, with achievements and future prospects tied to the phase diagrams of the core materials.
Organization of the inputs and outputs of the mouse superior colliculus
Authors: Benavidez Nora L. , Bienkowski Michael S. , Zhu Muye , Garcia Luis H. , Fayzullina Marina , Gao Lei , Bowman Ian , Gou Lin , Khanjani Neda , Cotter Kaelan R. , Korobkova Laura , Becerra Marlene , Cao Chunru , Song Monica Y. , Zhang Bin , Yamashita Seita , Tugangui Amanda J. , Zingg Brian , Rose Kasey , Lo Darrick , Foster Nicholas N. , Boesen Tyler , Mun Hyun-Seung , Aquino Sarvia , Wickersham Ian R. , Ascoli Giorgio A. , Hintiryan Houri , Dong Hong-Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe superior colliculus (SC) receives diverse and robust cortical inputs to drive a range of cognitive and sensorimotor behaviors. However, it remains unclear how descending cortical input arising from higher-order associative areas coordinate with SC sensorimotor networks to influence its outputs. Here, we construct a comprehensive map of all cortico-tectal projections and identify four collicular zones with differential cortical inputs: medial (SC.m), centromedial (SC.cm), centrolateral (SC.cl) and lateral (SC.l). Further, we delineate the distinctive brain-wide input/output organization of each collicular zone, assemble multiple parallel cortico-tecto-thalamic subnetworks, and identify the somatotopic map in the SC that displays distinguishable spatial properties from the somatotopic maps in the neocortex and basal ganglia. Finally, we characterize interactions between those cortico-tecto-thalamic and cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic subnetworks. This study provides a structural basis for understanding how SC is involved in integrating different sensory modalities, translating sensory information to motor command, and coordinating different actions in goal-directed behaviors.
Manipulation of hot carrier cooling dynamics in two-dimensional Dion–Jacobson hybrid perovskites via Rashba band splitting
Authors: Yin Jun , Naphade Rounak , Maity Partha , Gutiérrez-Arzaluz Luis , Almalawi Dhaifallah , Roqan Iman S. , Brédas Jean-Luc , Bakr Osman M. , Mohammed Omar F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHot-carrier cooling processes of perovskite materials are typically described by a single parabolic band model that includes the effects of carrier-phonon scattering, hot phonon bottleneck, and Auger heating. However, little is known (if anything) about the cooling processes in which the spin-degenerate parabolic band splits into two spin-polarized bands, i.e., the Rashba band splitting effect. Here, we investigated the hot-carrier cooling processes for two slightly different compositions of two-dimensional Dion–Jacobson hybrid perovskites, namely, (3AMP)PbI4 and (4AMP)PbI4 (3AMP = 3-(aminomethyl)piperidinium; 4AMP = 4-(aminomethyl)piperidinium), using a combination of ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy and first-principles calculations. In (4AMP)PbI4, upon Rashba band splitting, the spin-dependent scattering of hot electrons is responsible for accelerating hot-carrier cooling at longer delays. Importantly, the hot-carrier cooling of (4AMP)PbI4 can be extended by manipulating the spin state of the hot carriers. Our findings suggest a new approach for prolonging hot-carrier cooling in hybrid perovskites, which is conducive to further improving the performance of hot-carrier-based optoelectronic and spintronic devices.
Performant implementation of the atomic cluster expansion (PACE) and application to copper and silicon
Authors: Lysogorskiy Yury , Oord Cas van der , Bochkarev Anton , Menon Sarath , Rinaldi Matteo , Hammerschmidt Thomas , Mrovec Matous , Thompson Aidan , Csányi Gábor , Ortner Christoph , Drautz Ralf 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe atomic cluster expansion is a general polynomial expansion of the atomic energy in multi-atom basis functions. Here we implement the atomic cluster expansion in the performant C++ code that is suitable for use in large-scale atomistic simulations. We briefly review the atomic cluster expansion and give detailed expressions for energies and forces as well as efficient algorithms for their evaluation. We demonstrate that the atomic cluster expansion as implemented in shifts a previously established Pareto front for machine learning interatomic potentials toward faster and more accurate calculations. Moreover, general purpose parameterizations are presented for copper and silicon and evaluated in detail. We show that the Cu and Si potentials significantly improve on the best available potentials for highly accurate large-scale atomistic simulations.
Operating room architecture is not a risk factor for surgical site infections
Authors: Jentzsch Thorsten , Kutschke Lucas , Zingg Patrick O. , Farshad Mazda 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSurgical site infection (SSI) may cause a substantial burden for patients and healthcare systems. A potential risk of different architectures of the operating room for SSI is yet unknown and was subject of this study. This observational cohort study was performed in a university hospital and evaluated patients, who underwent a broad spectrum of orthopedic surgeries in 2016 (open-plan operating room architecture) versus (vs) 2017 (closed-plan operating room architecture). Patients, who underwent surgery in the transition time period from the open-plan to the closed-plan operating room architecture and those, who were treated e.g. for osteomyelitis as index procedure were excluded. The primary outcome was revision surgery for early SSI within 30 (superficial) or 90 (deep or organ/space) days of surgery. Age, gender, American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, and the body mass index (BMI) were considered as potential interacting factors in a logistic regression analysis. The incidence of revisions for SSI was 0.6 percent (%) (n = 45) in the 7'740 included surgical cases (mean age of 52 (standard deviation (SD) 19) years; n = 3'835 (50%) females). There was no difference in incidences of revision for SSI in the open- vs closed-plan operating room architecture (0.5% vs 0.7%; adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.34 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72–2.49, P = 0.35)). Age and gender were not a risk factor for revision for SSI. However, ASA classification and BMI were identified as risk factors for the incidence of revision for SSI (OR = 1.92 (95% CI 1.16- 3.18, P = 0.01) and OR = 1.05 (95% CI 1.00–1.11, P = 0.05)). The overall incidence of revisions for early SSI after a broad spectrum of orthopedic surgeries was relatively low (0.6%) and independent from the operating room architecture. An increase in ASA classification and possibly BMI, however, were identified as independent risk factors for revision for SSI.
Effects of water absorption on the mechanical properties of hybrid natural fibre/phenol formaldehyde composites
Authors: Sanjeevi Sekar , Shanmugam Vigneshwaran , Kumar Suresh , Ganesan Velmurugan , Sas Gabriel , Johnson Deepak Joel , Shanmugam Manojkumar , Ayyanar Athijayamani , Naresh Kakur , Neisiany Rasoul Esmaeely , Das Oisik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis investigation is carried out to understand the effects of water absorption on the mechanical properties of hybrid phenol formaldehyde (PF) composite fabricated with Areca Fine Fibres (AFFs) and Calotropis Gigantea Fibre (CGF). Hybrid CGF/AFF/PF composites were manufactured using the hand layup technique at varying weight percentages of fibre reinforcement (25, 35 and 45%). Hybrid composite having 35 wt.% showed better mechanical properties (tensile strength ca. 59 MPa, flexural strength ca. 73 MPa and impact strength 1.43 kJ/m2) under wet and dry conditions as compared to the other hybrid composites. In general, the inclusion of the fibres enhanced the mechanical properties of neat PF. Increase in the fibre content increased the water absorption, however, after 120 h of immersion, all the composites attained an equilibrium state.
Configuration models as an urn problem
Authors: Casiraghi Giona , Nanumyan Vahan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA fundamental issue of network data science is the ability to discern observed features that can be expected at random from those beyond such expectations. Configuration models play a crucial role there, allowing us to compare observations against degree-corrected null-models. Nonetheless, existing formulations have limited large-scale data analysis applications either because they require expensive Monte-Carlo simulations or lack the required flexibility to model real-world systems. With the generalized hypergeometric ensemble, we address both problems. To achieve this, we map the configuration model to an urn problem, where edges are represented as balls in an appropriately constructed urn. Doing so, we obtain the generalized hypergeometric ensemble of random graphs: a random graph model reproducing and extending the properties of standard configuration models, with the critical advantage of a closed-form probability distribution.
Experimental signatures of nodeless multiband superconductivity in a $$\hbox {2H-Pd}_{0.08} \hbox {TaSe}_2$$ single crystal
Authors: Kim Chanhee , Bhoi Dilip , Sur Yeahan , Jeon Byung-Gu , Wulferding Dirk , Min Byeong Hun , Kim Jeehoon , Kim Kee Hoon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn order to understand the superconducting gap nature of a $$\hbox {2H-Pd}_{0.08} \hbox {TaSe}_2$$

2H-Pd

0.08

TaSe
2

single crystal with $$T_{c} = 3.13 \text { K}$$

T
c

=
3.13

K

, in-plane thermal conductivity $$\kappa $$
κ
, in-plane London penetration depth $$\lambda _{\text {L}}$$

λ
L

, and the upper critical fields $$H_{c2}$$

H

c
2

have been investigated. At zero magnetic field, it is found that no residual linear term $$\kappa _{0}/T$$

κ
0

/
T

exists and $$\lambda _{\text {L}}$$

λ
L

follows a power-law $$T^n$$

T
n

(T: temperature) with n = 2.66 at $$T \le \frac{1}{3}T_c$$

T
≤

1
3

T
c

, supporting nodeless superconductivity. Moreover, the magnetic-field dependence of $$\kappa _{0}$$

κ
0

/T clearly shows a shoulder-like feature at a low field region. The temperature dependent $$H_{c2}$$

H

c
2

curves for both in-plane and out-of-plane field directions exhibit clear upward curvatures near $$T_c$$

T
c

, consistent with the shape predicted by the two-band theory and the anisotropy ratio between the $$H_{c2}$$

H

c
2

(T) curves exhibits strong temperature-dependence. All these results coherently suggest that $$\hbox {2H-Pd}_{0.08} \hbox {TaSe}_2$$

2H-Pd

0.08

TaSe
2

is a nodeless, multiband superconductor.
Weak ferroelectric charge transfer in layer-asymmetric bilayers of 2D semiconductors
Authors: Ferreira Fábio , Enaldiev Vladimir V. , Fal’ko Vladimir I. , Magorrian Samuel J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn bilayers of two-dimensional semiconductors with stacking arrangements which lack inversion symmetry charge transfer between the layers due to layer-asymmetric interband hybridisation can generate a potential difference between the layers. We analyse bilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)—in particular, $$\hbox {WSe}_2$$

WSe
2

—for which we find a substantial stacking-dependent charge transfer, and InSe, for which the charge transfer is found to be negligibly small. The information obtained about TMDs is then used to map potentials generated by the interlayer charge transfer across the moiré superlattice in twistronic bilayers.
Somatosensory perception–action binding in Tourette syndrome
Authors: Friedrich Julia , Spaleck Henriette , Schappert Ronja , Kleimaker Maximilian , Verrel Julius , Bäumer Tobias , Beste Christian , Münchau Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is a common phenomenon that somatosensory sensations can trigger actions to alleviate experienced tension. Such “urges” are particularly relevant in patients with Gilles de la Tourette (GTS) syndrome since they often precede tics, the cardinal feature of this common neurodevelopmental disorder. Altered sensorimotor integration processes in GTS as well as evidence for increased binding of stimulus- and response-related features (“hyper-binding”) in the visual domain suggest enhanced perception–action binding also in the somatosensory modality. In the current study, the Theory of Event Coding (TEC) was used as an overarching cognitive framework to examine somatosensory-motor binding. For this purpose, a somatosensory-motor version of a task measuring stimulus–response binding (S-R task) was tested using electro-tactile stimuli. Contrary to the main hypothesis, there were no group differences in binding effects between GTS patients and healthy controls in the somatosensory-motor paradigm. Behavioral data did not indicate differences in binding between examined groups. These data can be interpreted such that a compensatory “downregulation” of increased somatosensory stimulus saliency, e.g., due to the occurrence of somatosensory urges and hypersensitivity to external stimuli, results in reduced binding with associated motor output, which brings binding to a “normal” level. Therefore, “hyper-binding” in GTS seems to be modality-specific.
Protease nexin-1 deficiency increases mouse hindlimb neovascularisation following ischemia and accelerates femoral artery perfusion
Authors: Selbonne Sonia , Madjene Celina , Salmon Benjamin , Boulaftali Yacine , Bouton Marie-Christine , Arocas Véronique 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe previously identified the inhibitory serpin protease nexin-1 (PN-1) as an important player of the angiogenic balance with anti-angiogenic activity in physiological conditions. In the present study, we aimed to determine the role of PN-1 on pathological angiogenesis and particularly in response to ischemia, in the mouse model induced by femoral artery ligation. In wild-type (WT) muscle, we observed an upregulation of PN-1 mRNA and protein after ischemia. Angiography analysis showed that femoral artery perfusion was more rapidly restored in PN-1−/− mice than in WT mice. Moreover, immunohistochemistry showed that capillary density increased following ischemia to a greater extent in PN-1−/− than in WT muscles. Moreover, leukocyte recruitment and IL-6 and MCP-1 levels were also increased in PN-1−/− mice compared to WT after ischemia. This increase was accompanied by a higher overexpression of the growth factor midkine, known to promote leukocyte trafficking and to modulate expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Our results thus suggest that the higher expression of midkine observed in PN-1- deficient mice can increase leukocyte recruitment in response to higher levels of MCP-1, finally driving neoangiogenesis. Thus, PN-1 can limit neovascularisation in pathological conditions, including post-ischemic reperfusion of the lower limbs.
Sustainability, productivity, profitability and soil health with conservation agriculture based sustainable intensification of oilseed brassica production system
Authors: Jat R. S. , Choudhary R. L. , Singh H. V. , Meena M. K. , Singh V. V. , Rai P. K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConservation agriculture (CA) practices are getting space world-wide to answer many emerging challenges like; declining factor productivity, deteriorating soil health, water scarcity, climate change, and farm profitability and sustainability. Oilseed brassica (Indian mustard, Brassica juncea L.), a winter oilseed grown under rainfed agro-ecosystem is vulnerable to low yields, high production cost, degrading soil and water quality, and climatic vagaries. The present study was undertaken on CA-based sustainable intensification of Indian mustard for enhancing inputs efficiencies, farm profitability and sustainability. Permanent beds with residue retention (PB + R) improved mustard equivalent yield (11.4%) and system grain yield (10.6%) compared with conventional tillage without residue (CT − R). Maize–mustard rotation (Mz–M) increased system grain yield (142.9%) as well as mustard equivalent yield (60.7%) compared with fallow-mustard (F-M). Mz–M system under PB + R increased sustainable yield index (376.5%), production efficiency (177.2%), economic efficiency (94%) and irrigation water productivity (66%) compared with F-M under CT − R. PB + R increased soil organic carbon (SOC) stock at 0–15 cm (17.7%) and 15–30 cm (29.5%) soil depth compared with CT − R. Addition of green gram in rotation with mustard improved SOC at 0–15 cm (27.4%) and 15–30 cm (20.5%) compared with F-M system. CA-based cluster bean-mustard/GG-M system increased N productivity, whereas, P and K productivity improved with Mz–M system compared with F-M under CT − R. Thus, CA-based Mz–M system should be out-scaled in the traditional rainfed fallow-mustard system to improve the farm production and income on holistic basis to make the country self-sufficient in edible oils.