bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model‐based biclustering for overdispersed count data with application in microbial ecology
Authors: Aubert Julie , Schbath Sophie , Robin Stéphane 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDifferent studies have shown that microbial communities living in animals (humans included), in or around plants have a significant impact on health and disease of their host and on various services, such as adaptation under stressing environment. The basic input data to study microbiomes is a matrix representing abundance data of micro‐organisms across different sampling units. Such a matrix typically corresponds to taxonomic profiles derived from the high‐throughput sequencing of environmental samples. Biclustering is one way to study the interactions between the structure of micro‐organism communities and the environmental samples they come from.We propose a latent block model (LBM) and an associated inference procedure for the biclustering of rows and columns of abundance matrices. The LBM assumes that micro‐organisms (rows) and environmental samples (columns) can both be clustered into groups characterizing preferential interaction or avoidance. We use the Poisson–Gamma distribution to model the overdispersion observed in microbial abundance data and introduce row and column effects to account for the sequencing effort in each sample and the mean abundance of each micro‐organism. Because the latent variables are not independent conditionally on the observed ones, classical maximum likelihood inference is intractable. We then derive a variational‐based inference algorithm and propose a strategy to select the number of biclusters.We illustrate the flexibility and performance of our approach both on a simulation study and on three ecological datasets. The model‐based framework allows us to adapt to peculiarities of microbial ecological abundance data and allows us to explore relationships between entities of two different natures.We implemented our method in thecobiclustRpackage available on the CRAN and built a website with example of usage (https://julieaubert.github.io/cobiclust/cobiclust‐example1.html).
Psychoactive substances have major impact on injuries in rural arctic Norway – A prospective observational study
Authors: Wilson Thomas , Wisborg Torben , Vindenes Vigdis , Jamt Ragnhild G. , Furuhaugen Håvard , Bogstrand Stig Tore 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundRural areas have increased injury mortality with a high pre‐hospital death rate. Knowledge concerning the impact of psychoactive substances on injury occurrence is lacking for rural arctic Norway. These substances are also known to increase pre‐, per‐ and postoperative risk. The aim was by prospective observational design to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of psychoactive substance use among injured patients in Finnmark county.MethodsFrom January 2015 to August 2016, patients ≥18 years admitted to hospitals in Finnmark due to injury were approached when competent. Blood was analysed for ethanol, sedatives, opioids, hypnotics and illicit substances in consenting patients, who completed a questionnaire gathering demographic factors, self‐reported use/behaviour and incident circumstances.ResultsIn 684 injured patients who consented to participation (81% consented), psychoactive substances were detected in 35.7%, alcohol being the most prevalent (23%). Patients in whom substances were detected were more often involved in violent incidents (odds ratio 8.92 95% confidence interval 3.24‐24.61), indicated harmful use of alcohol (odds ratio 3.56, 95% confidence interval 2.34‐5.43), reported the incident being a fall (odds ratio 2.21, 95% confidence interval 1.47‐3.33) and presented with a reduced level of consciousness (odds ratio 3.91, 95% confidence interval 1.58‐9.67). Subgroup analysis revealed significant associations between testing positive for a psychoactive substance and being diagnosed with a head injury or traumatic brain injury.ConclusionA significant proportion of injured patients had used psychoactive substances prior to admission. Use was associated with violence, falls, at‐risk alcohol consumption, decreased level of consciousness on admittance and head injury.
GABAergic projections to the ventral tegmental area govern cocaine‐conditioned reward
Authors: Weitz Moriya , Khayat Alaa , Yaka Rami 
Published: February 2021

AbstractElevated dopamine (DA) levels in the reward system underlie various drug‐related behaviors, including addiction. As a major DA source in the reward system, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is highly regulated by GABAergic inputs projected from different brain regions. It was previously shown that cocaine exposure reduces GABAA‐mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in VTA DA neurons; however, the specific GABAergic input underlying this inhibitory effect remains unknown. Here, using optogenetics, we separately activate and characterize different GABAergic afferents innervating the VTA, focusing on the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc). GABAA‐mediated IPSCs were recorded from VTA DA neurons, and the effect of DA‐induced inhibition was measured in an afferent‐specific manner. In addition, to examine the effect of enhanced GABAergic tone on the rewarding properties of cocaine, we exogenously activated the different GABAergic inputs during the acquisition phase of cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP). We found that acute cocaine exposure strongly attenuates GABAA‐mediated IPSCs in VTA DA neurons from both inhibitory sources. Furthermore, exogenous light activation of both RMTg and NAc afferents in the VTA during the acquisition of cocaine‐CPP significantly reduced the rewarding properties of cocaine. This behavioral observation was correlated with the reduction in the neuronal activity of VTA DA neurons as measured by the expression of c‐fos. Together, these results emphasize the critical role of these GABAergic inputs to the VTA in modulating and potentially interrupting cocaine reward.
Comparison of apical debris extrusion using clockwise and counter‐clockwise single‐file reciprocation of rotary and reciprocating systems
Authors: Predin Djuric Natasa , Van Der Vyver Peet , Vorster Martin , Vally Zunaid Ismail 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim was to evaluate apical debris extrusion produced by a single‐file system used in counter‐clockwise reciprocation and compare it to rotary single‐file systems used in clockwise rotation and clockwise reciprocation. A total of 100 first mandibular molars were divided into five groups (n = 20): (i) WaveOne Gold Glider and Primary instrument in counter‐clockwise reciprocation; (ii) One G and One Curve file in clockwise rotation; (iii) One G and One Curve file in clockwise reciprocation; (iv) TruNatomy Glider and Prime instrument in clockwise rotation; and (v) TruNatomy Glider and Prime instrument in clockwise reciprocation. Apical debris extruded was measured after glide path preparation and canal preparation. WaveOne Gold displayed significantly higher amounts of apical debris extrusion in all the groups (P < 0.05). The lowest mean values were recorded by clockwise reciprocation groups: TruNatomy Glider, One Curve and TruNatomy Glider and Prime combined value, for glide path, canal preparation and combined mean values, respectively.
Welfare impacts of increasing teff prices on Ethiopian consumers
Authors: Wang Yanghao , Çakır Metin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTeff is an ancient grain primarily produced in Ethiopia and providing more than 10% of the total calories consumed in the country. The grain is considered as “super grain” due to its nutritional qualities, and it has seen an increase in its demand and price in recent years. These trends raise public concerns about the affordability of the grain and the prevalence of food insecurity in Ethiopia. Therefore, we investigate the impacts of increasing teff prices on consumers’ welfare by regions. Using data from two waves of the Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey 2013–2014 and 2015–2016, we examine the consumption patterns of cereals in Ethiopia and estimate a two‐stage structural demand system. We find that teff is the most own‐price inelastic grain in Ethiopia and an increase of 10% in teff prices will reduce consumer welfare by 0.81, 1.29, and 1.73 Birrs per week for the average rural, town, and urban consumers, respectively. These estimates correspond to 1.64, 2.31, and 2.46% of their weekly food budgets. We also find the negative effects of an increase in teff prices are smaller for the lower‐income groups as they have relatively lower expenditures on teff. Additionally, we analyze the effects of simultaneous changes in wheat and teff prices to measure the extent to which Ethiopia's food policy of distributing subsidized wheat could offset the consumer welfare loss due to an increase in teff prices.
MiRNAs and radical prostatectomy: Current data, bioinformatic analysis and utility as predictors of tumour relapse
Authors: Konoshenko Maria Yu. , Laktionov Pavel P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies of microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes have particular interest for cancer biology and medicine due to the discovery of new therapeutic targets and markers. These studies are extensively influenced by anticancer therapy, as miRNAs interfere with the therapy's efficacy in prostate cancer (PCa).ObjectivesIn this article, we summarise the available data on the influence of radical prostatectomy (RP) and biochemical recurrence on miRNA expression.Materials and methodsMolecular targets of these miRNAs, as well as the reciprocal relations between different miRNAs and their targets, were studied using the DIANA, STRING and TransmiR databases. Special attention was dedicated to the mechanisms of PCa development, miRNA, and associated genes as tumour development mediators.Results and discussionCombined analysis of the databases and available literature indicates that expression of four miRNAs that are associated with prostate cancer relapse and alter their expression after RP, combined with genes that closely interact with selected miRNAs, has high potential for the prediction of PCa relapse after RP. PCa tissues and biofluids, both immediately after RP for diagnostics/prognostics and in long‐term (relapse) monitoring, may be used as sources of these miRNAs.ConclusionAn overview of the usefulness of published data and bioinformatics resources looking for diagnostic markers and molecular targets is presented in this article. The selected miRNA and gene panels have good potential as prognostic and PCa relapse markers after RP and likely could also serve as markers for therapeutic efficiency on a broader scale.
Stabilisation of the preterm infant in the delivery room using nasal high flow: A 5—year retrospective analysis
Authors: Siva Naren V. , Reynolds Peter R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThis study reviews clinical outcomes after initiating a routine policy of preterm respiratory stabilisation using nasal high flow (HF) in the delivery room (DR).MethodThis was a retrospective observational cohort study in a single‐centre neonatal intensive care unit and included all neonates born before 32 weeks of gestation between 1 April 2015 and 31 March 2020. Stabilisation measures and outcomes were recorded including oxygen requirements, admission temperature, surfactant administration, invasive ventilation within 72 h of birth, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and death.ResultsThere were 491 eligible babies during the 5‐year epoch. 292 were stabilised using HF in the DR. The median admission temperature in babies transferred on HF was 36.8°C, and the median FiO2 at admission was 25%. 45% of these infants received surfactant. At 72 postnatal hours, 78% were either sustained on HF or were either self‐ventilating in air (SVIA) or receiving low‐flow nasal cannula (LFNC) respiratory support. 27% were intubated within 7 days. At 36 weeks postmenstrual age, 36% of survivors had BPD.ConclusionWe have demonstrated that preterm babies <32 weeks can be effectively stabilised on HF in the DR.
Retracted: Redistribution of economic resources in the digital society
Authors: Lomakina Oksana , Kookueva Viktoriya , Makarenko Anna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aftermath of the pandemic has sparked a deep global economic downturn and a significant rethinking of business technology. Digital transformation processes have intensified, which is reflected in the development of global supply chains. The purpose of this study is to conduct a descriptive comparative analysis of the processes of redistribution of economic resources and assess the processes of digital transformation of society and integration into world supply chains on the example of Russia. This study is based on empirical data obtained as a result of collecting and processing statistical information from various public domain works. To achieve the objectives of the study, indicators such as the logistics performance index, the ICT development index, the digital economy and society index and the digital life index were considered. Among the main changes in the structure of economic resources in a digital society, one can single out: a decrease in the role of natural resources, the development of the concept of renewable resources, and a decrease in dependence on financial resources. At the same time, the role of human resources, knowledge, and entrepreneurial potential is significantly enhanced, which determines the prospects for digitalization of society.
Can network analysis of self‐reported psychopathology shed light on the core phenomenology of bipolar disorders in adolescents and young adults?
Authors: Scott Jan , Crouse Jacob J , Ho Nicholas , Carpenter Joanne , Martin Nicholas , Medland Sarah , Parker Richard , Byrne Enda , Couvy‐Duchesne Baptiste , Mitchell Brittany , Merikangas Kathleen , Gillespie Nathan A. , Hickie Ian 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesNetwork analysis is increasingly applied to psychopathology research. We used it to examine the core phenomenology of emerging bipolar disorder (BD I and II) and ‘at risk’ presentations (major depression with a family history of BD).MethodologyThe study sample comprised a community cohort of 1867 twin and nontwin siblings (57% female; mean age ~26) who had completed self‐report ratings of (i) depression‐like, hypomanic‐like and psychotic‐like experiences; (ii) family history of BD; and (iii) were assessed for mood and psychotic syndromes using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Symptom networks were compared for recent onset BD versus other cohort members and then for individuals at risk of BD (depression with/without a family history of BD).ResultsThe four key symptoms that differentiated recent onset BD from other cohort members were: anergia, psychomotor speed, hypersomnia and (less) loss of confidence. The four key symptoms that differentiated individuals at high risk of BD from unipolar depression were anergia, psychomotor speed, impaired concentration and hopelessness. However, the latter network was less stable and more error prone.ConclusionsWe are encouraged by the overlaps between our findings and those from two recent publications reporting network analyses of BD psychopathology, especially as the studies recruited from different populations and employed different network models. However, the advantages of applying network analysis to youth mental health cohorts (which include many individuals with multimorbidity) must be weighed against the disadvantages including basic issues such as judgements regarding the selection of items for inclusion in network models.
Using a virtual lab network testbed to facilitate real‐world hands‐on learning in a networking course
Authors: Luse Andy , Rursch Julie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEngineering and technology educators continually strive for realistic, hands‐on laboratory exercises to enhance their students’ learning. This research describes the redesign of an undergraduate introductory computer networking course to include new weekly virtual laboratory assignments that culminate in a ‘real world’ final project of configuring a ‘corporate’ network. The use of an Internet testbed technology named ISEAGE allows students to design and implement fully functional networks using public IP space that is contained in the testbed. To the students, it appears as if they were directly connected to the Internet while still being protected. This paper shows that ‘real world’ projects using virtual lab technology can have a positive effect both on objective networking knowledge, as well as subjective self‐assessments of self‐efficacy with regard to implementing the technology. It also demonstrates that ‘real world’ final projects encourage student thinking at upper levels of Bloom's taxonomy.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Computer and engineering courses require hands‐on labs.
Due to online enrollment and the current COVID pandemic, these hands‐on labs need to be taught virtually.
What this paper adds

We detail a virtual lab environment for teaching hands‐on skills in computer networking.
We longitudinally assess the virtual lab technology across multiple institutions.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Other practitioners can implement this same technology for teaching hands‐on networking concepts virtually.
Social support and dental caries experience: Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study
Authors: Laniado Nadia , Sanders Anne E. , Fazzari Melissa J. , Badner Victor M. , Singer Richard H. , Finlayson Tracy L. , Hua Simin , Isasi Carmen R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association of social support with dental caries experience in Hispanics/Latinos living in the United States (US) and to assess whether the relationship is modified by nativity status.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study analysed data for 4459 dentate men and women aged 18‐74 years in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Sociocultural Ancillary Study. At baseline (2008‐2011), dentists quantified dental caries experience as the number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent tooth surfaces (DMFS) for all teeth excluding third molars. Social support was assessed according to measures of structural support (Social Network Index) and functional support (Interpersonal Support Evaluation List). Covariate‐adjusted multiple linear regression estimated the relationship between social support and dental caries experience and tested whether the association was modified by nativity status (born within the 50 US states, foreign‐born <10 years in the United States, foreign‐born >10 years or more in the United States).ResultsIn covariate‐adjusted models, each additional role in the social network was associated with 1.39 fewer DMF tooth surfaces (95% CI: −2.21, −0.58) among foreign‐born Hispanics/Latinos with fewer than 10 years lived in the US. For foreign‐born Hispanics/Latinos with 10 years or more in the United States, each additional social network role was associated with 0.57 fewer DMF tooth surfaces (95% CI: −1.19, 0.04). No association was observed between functional social support and dental caries experience regardless of nativity status.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that structural social support is protective against dental caries experience among recent immigrants of Hispanic/Latino background. This association may reflect the importance of social support to integration into the medical and dental infrastructure and thus receipt of dental care. Future research that examines the behavioural and cultural factors that moderate the relationship between social support and dental caries experience will inform development of culturally sensitive dental caries prevention programs for Hispanics/Latinos in the United States.
Macroscopic assessment of the quality of cold perfusion after deceased‐donor kidney procurement: A United Kingdom population‐based cohort study
Authors: Dabare Dilan , Hodson James , Nath Jay , Sharif Adnan , Kalia Neena , Inston Nicholas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConcern regarding the quality of cold perfusion (QOP) during macroscopic assessment of procured kidneys is a common reason for discard. In the UK, QOP is routinely graded by both retrieving and implanting teams during back‐bench surgery as: 1 (good), 2 (fair), 3 (poor) or 4 (patchy). We evaluated the association of this grading with organ utilization, graft outcomes, and agreement between teams. Data on all deceased‐donor kidneys procured between January 2000 and December 2016 were analyzed for discard rates, while association with graft outcomes was studied in single adult transplants. Of 31,167 kidneys procured, 90.6%, 5.7%, 1.7%, and 2.1% were assigned grades 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, at retrieval. QOP was an independent risk factor of discard, with the highest rates observed in grade 3 kidneys (41.8%), compared to 6.5% in grade 1 (aOR 7.67, 95% CI 5.44–10.82, p < .001). Grading at retrieval was an independent predictor of delayed graft function (p = .019) and primary non‐function (p = .001), but not long‐term graft survival (p = .111). Implanting grade was an independent predictor of all three outcomes (p < .001, p < .001, and p = .002, respectively). Consistency of grading between teams was poor (Kappa = 0.179). QOP influences utilization and predicts outcomes, but a standardized and validated scoring system is required.
Potential range expansion and niche shift of the invasive Hyphantria cunea between native and invasive countries
Authors: Tang Xinggang , Yuan Yingdan , Liu Xiaofei , Zhang Jinchi 
Published: February 2021

1. Hyphantria cunea is a problematic invasive species that has caused considerable damage to agricultural and forestry ecosystems in China.2. We compared 19 bioclimate variables between its native country (the United States of America) and China to elucidate the environmental factors associated with its presence. Using present climate data (1970–2000) and projected future climate data (2050 and 2070) based on two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs 2.6 and 8.5), we used MaxEnt to predict the suitable habitat areas for H. cunea in the USA and China. Using these analyses, we predicted the niche change of H. cunea in China using the ‘ecospat’ package in R.3. Our model predicts that climate change will generally increase the extent of suitable habitat in both China and the USA, although low latitude areas will be limited by future climate change. We also report low niche overlap between the USA and Chinese populations of H. cuena and significant differences in bioclimate variables associate with its presence in each country. Therefore, our results suggest H. cunea has adapted to several climatic conditions in China. This indicates the niche of H. cunea may shift and adapt to novel environmental conditions over the course of its spread.4. Overall, the analysis of the environmental characteristics, niche changes, and suitable areas of H. cunea provides a basis for pest control and management strategies aimed at preventing further spread. Our methods may also be used to study other similar invasive species.