bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research of microdeformation and stress in details of agricultural machines by implementing holography
Authors: Rogovskii I L , Sivak I M , Voinash S A , Sokolova V A , Garbuzova T G , Rzhavtsev A A , Kokieva G E , Romanyuk N N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article presents theoretical and experimental studies of microstrains and stresses in the details of agricultural machines by the implementation of holography. The expansion of computer holography, associated with the development of optical methods for studying the technical condition of agricultural machinery and their components, is accompanied by significant complications associated with the interpretation of interferograms. An important solution was to investigate the process and the associated appearance of microdeformation fields on the surface of the product without destroying it. In this case, the conditions of the allowable load and, accordingly, the allowable technical condition of the product were created, when the natural sample or the real part was not destroyed, and the hologram was recorded at the time of appearance and development of microdeformations. The hologram reproduced the kinetics of the process in a three-dimensional image, where all the elements of the study were in real time and real size, which made it possible to capture the three components of the microdeformation vector. Such experimental researches for establishment of admissible values of a technical condition were carried out according to the developed technique were carried out for the first time. The use of holography as a means of research allowed to obtain the values of microdeformation in three directions of the vector, as well as to mathematically describe the dependence of these deformations on the coordinates.
The productive performance in broilers fed diets supplemented with new animal-derived protein additives
Authors: Saleeva I P , Lukashenko V S , Zhuravchuk E V , Ovseychik E A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The efficiency of new dietary protein additives based on the wastes and by-products of the slaughter and primary processing of poultry was studied on four treatments of broilers (cross “Smena-8”, 1-38 days of age; 3 replicates per treatment, 35 birds per replicate) reared in similar conditions of management and nutrition. Control treatment 1 was fed vegetable diets without animal-derived ingredients; control treatment 2 was fed diets supplemented with fishmeal; in diets for treatments 3 and 4 fishmeal was substituted by two new protein additives produced by the fermentation of the preliminary hydrolyzed slaughter wastes (feathers, intestines, blood, meat-bone residues, etc.) by proteolytic enzymes in different conditions (2 hours at 55°C for treatment 3; 1.5 minutes at 160°C for treatment 4). The best productive performance in broilers was found in treatment 3: average live bodyweight at 38 days of age in this treatment was significantly higher by 8.47% in compare to control and by 4.57% in compare to treatment 2 (p≤0.05); feed conversion ratio was lower by 2.96 and 1.80%, respectively. In treatment 4 these parameters were slightly worse in compare to treatment 3 though better than in treatments 1 and 2. Treatments 3 and 4 also featured higher meat yield and better sensory characteristics of cooked meat and broth.
Presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment
Authors: Lykov I N , Volodkin V S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment is a serious medical and environmental problem worldwide. An important reservoir of such bacteria are aquatic ecosystems, which are polluted by human waste, agricultural and industrial wastewater. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are able to transfer their genes to other aquatic bacteria, which thus acquire new resistance genes. The aim of this study is to assess the antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from the rivers of the Kaluga region, which are most susceptible to the effects of urbanization and agriculture. Water samples were taken from the Oka, Yachenka, Kaluzhka, Ugra rivers. Most often, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium perfringens, Klebsiella spp., Alcaligenes faecalis, Aeromonas spp. Were sown from water samples. Studies have shown that all isolated microorganisms have multi-resistance to one degree or another. But Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Alcaligenes faecalis had the greatest resistance to various antibiotics.
Rigidity, creep and dynamic strength of plastics for three-dimensional printing of machine parts
Authors: Dorodov P V , Kasatkin V V , Lekomcev P L , Petrov V A , Niyazov A M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Increasingly, parts of complex shapes are made using three-dimensional printing. This technique is also used in the design of equipment at the stage of physical modeling of their structures to determine certain properties of the product as a whole and its individual parts (details) on the corresponding models. The necessary conditions for physical modeling are the geometric and physical similarity of the model and kind. The presence of such proportionality makes it possible to recalculate the experimental results obtained for the model in kind by multiplying each of the determined values by a constant multiplier for all values of this dimension – the similarity coefficient. However, to study the physical characteristics of a product, it is necessary to take into account the mechanical properties of the material of its model. From various sources, you can find the main mechanical characteristics of plastic threads or samples made on a 3-D printer. Their values vary greatly depending on the manufacturing technology of models and are determined under conditions of static loading only, which is not enough to study the stress-strain state of parts that are affected by suddenly applied, long-term and dynamic loads during machine operation. This paper presents the results of a study of the physical and mechanical properties of polylactide (PLA) and polyethylene tereflatate (PET-G), which are used in the manufacture of parts by three-dimensional printing. The specific stiffness of polymers was for PLA 1.61…2.18 MPa·m3/kg, for PET-G – 1.15…1.41 MPa·m3/kg. The specific impact strength for PLA is 751.6…774.2 J·m/kg, for PET-G – 571.6…583.0 J·m/kg. The specific endurance for PLA was 1.75…2.76 kPa·m3/kg, for PET-G – 3.0…3.10 kPa·m3/kg.
Results of studies of wheat bread for lead content using the additive method
Authors: Abuova A B , Rebezov M B , Mukhamedyarova L G , Shakirova S S , Khaimuldinova A K , Yermakhanova F R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The relevance of the problem under consideration is due to the need for hardware to cover a wide range in the determination of heavy metals in food. One of the primary and important tasks remains to ensure control of the quantitative content of lead, the introduction and application of fast and reliable methods of their research. The analysis of the data obtained shows that all the results on the study of wheat bread for the content of lead, obtained by stripping voltammetry and atomic absorption spectrometry for the assessment of precision and operational control of the error using the method of additions are satisfactory. The obtained monitoring results indicate that in the range of less than 0.01 mg of lead per 1 kg of wheat bread prevail (75.6%) over other ranges. The least registered sample results are (2.2%) with the range of obtained data: 0.1-1.0 mg/kg.
Botryocephaly of carp in a warm-water tank farm under natural conditions of fish keeping (dynamics of infection, therapeutic and preventive measures)
Authors: Skachkov D P , Safiullin R T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The characteristics of the disease are given, the urgency of the problem is emphasized. The degree of infestation of fish with botryocephalus during the growing season and the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive treatments by helminthological opening of 40-50 fish from the pontoon line before using the preparation; and of 40-50 fish on the 4th or 5th day after the therapeutic feeding are established. An assessment of various methods and frequency of application of therapeutic feed with microsalum is given, as well as recommendations on the use of therapeutic feed both for preventive and therapeutic purposes are given.
Behavioral activity of Ursus arctos brown bear in zoo conditions
Authors: Moiseeva T A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to observing the behavior of brown bears in a zoo using time slicing method. For each of the experimental bears, time budgets were determined - a system of indicators characterizing the distribution of time expenditures by types of use, and their detailed analysis was carried out. It is concluded that in the time budgets of the experimental bears, two forms of behavioral activities predominate: circular walking, which is a form of undesirable behavior in bears and at the same time a way of adapting to the conditions of the zoo, means to throw out the accumulated energy, and lying down is a lack of physical activity, which is most pronounced in a young female. Normal forms of locomotor activity typical of brown bears - standing on their hind legs, scratching on the grate - are less represented in zoo bears. Also, using the Shannon index, the diversity of behavior of the experimental bears was assessed. The greater diversity of behavior in the adult male than in the cubs, the authors associate with the greater adaptation of the adult bear to the conditions of the zoo.
Growth and development of replacement heifers depending on the origin
Authors: Gorelik A S , Arkanov P V , Bratishko N , Vdovina I , Gorelik L Sh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For insemination of cattle’s broodstock, the bulls’ seed is used, both domestic and foreign selection, that is, the increase in blood count of received heifers for the Holstein breed continues. The growth of animals, despite general growth patterns, is influenced by many factors, including their origin. The research aim is to assess weight growth characteristics of replacement heifers, depending on their origin, namely the father – the servicing bull. It was found that the difference in live weight at birth between heifers of different seed bulls was insignificant and amounted to 1.4 kg or 4.7%. The highest live weight at 18 months of age had heifers from the Sayan bull – 425.3 kg, slightly 3.6-5.3 kg inferior to them were the heifers from the Cassio and Mers bulls. Heifers grew unevenly over the periods. The uneven growth of heifers of different seed bulls, although it has a general pattern, but differs in groups. If in the period from 6 to 12 months of age there is a decrease in absolute growth in all groups, then already in the next period we can note the peculiarities in absolute growth change. So, the absolute growth of the heifers from the Das bull remained at the same level; the absolute growth of the heifers from the Sayan, De-Su, Tuareg, Cassio bulls continued to decline, and the absolute growth of the heifers from the seed bulls Havano, Mers and Bentley increased. On average, for the entire growing period, it ranged from 21.0 to 22.0 kg per month. Thus, the culture system of replacement heifers on the farm allows to get good results. The age of the first heifers’ insemination, depending on belonging to the seed bull, ranges from 14.3 to 16.9 months, which allows us to speak about using early terms of the first heifers’ insemination. The live weight at the time of the first insemination meets the requirements.
Method for detection latent natural foci of wild animals babesioses in nature conservation reserves
Authors: Belimenko V V , Khristianovsky P I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Babesioses are large group of natural focus transmissive tick-born diseases, which are wide spread and damage many species of domestic and wild animals. Babesia spp. the causative agents of babesiosis in livestock also infect the phylogenetic species of wild animals. Vectors of Babesia spp are hard ticks. In agriculture for control of tick the insectoacaricides are used usually. But this way is impossible for nature conservation reserves because the employment of chemical and biological drugs for acaricidal treatment is prohibited by Federal Low N 33 from 14.03.95. The purpose of the manuscript is providing the methodology for detection of natural foci of animal babesiosis for evaluation of epizootological situation in nature conservation reserves. The Method is based on Babesia lifecycle and observation of Babesia in tissues ang egg of ticks.
Productivity of crop rotation by the main tillage in the Tyumen region
Authors: Rzaeva V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The problem of tillage is one of the most pressing in agriculture and the most controversial. Mechanical tillage is the most common type of work in agriculture, without which it is hardly possible to cultivate crops. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Department of Agriculture of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals in 2008–2016. The soil is leached chernozem of heavy loamy granulometric composition with morphological features and properties typical for Western Siberia. As a result of the long-term research, the effectiveness of differentiated main soil processing while the cultivation of crops in the crop rotation was established. It should be noted that the yield of spring wheat is higher when placed with the first crop after the full fallow, the yield of the second spring wheat after the full fallow is lower than the yield of the first wheat. Reducing the depth of processing led to a decrease in the yield of cultivated crops. In terms of crop rotation, the highest yield of fodder and grain units per hectare was obtained by differentiated deep processing, which is higher than the control (moldboard) and moldboard-free. As a result of a decrease in the depth of processing, there was a decrease in the yield of fodder and grain units. The lowest yield of both fodder and grain units was obtained in the fields without main processing. In the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region, the cultivation of agricultural crops (annual grasses, spring wheat) is effective in terms of differentiated main tillage in crop rotation.
Evaluation of the state of the “Yauza River Valley” landscape reserve
Authors: Novikov A V , Sumarukova O V , Lagutina N V , Barsukova M V , Rodionov A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Specially protected natural areas within large cities provide not only their main nature protection function, but also have an important recreational and educational value for people. At the same time, these ecosystems are affected by different kinds of man-made impacts of the urban environment, the excessive pressure of which may disturb the balance in the ecosystems. In order to minimize such impacts and maintain sustainable existence of specially protected natural areas, it is necessary to perform regular monitoring that can help analyze the state of these ecosystems and predict future changes in them. There are four main types of anthropogenic impacts that are mostly associated with high visitor attendance of protected areas: trampling and littering, contamination of water bodies and animal disturbance. Usually, the natural environment has a response to the negative impact on it. Methods of environmental control are based on this principle and can help to identify such impacts more accurately. In this work, the state of the “Yauza River Valley” landscape reserve was analyzed using various environmental control methods. A particular attention was paid to methods related to bioindication of natural ecosystems and based on the study of recreational pressures in the area.
Viruses in the agrobiocenosis of the potato fields
Authors: Sobko O A , Matsishina N V , Fisenko P V , Kim I V , Didora A S , Boginskay N G , Volkov D I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most popular crops in the world. About 40 phytopathogenic viruses have been identified on potato in various countries and regions with various natural and climatic conditions. The situation is compounded by the fact that many viral infections persist and accumulate in wild and weedy plants. The viruses spread speed depends on the transmission method, the quickest virus transmission method being flying insects. We have identified 27 species of wild weeds from 13 botanical families. PLRV potato virus (potato leaf roll virus) and PVY (potato virus Y) were detected on the perennial sow thistle (Sonchus arvensis). On the wild camomile (Tripleurospermum inodorum) - PVS (potato virus S), belonging to the Flexiviriadae family, genus Carlavirus. The PVY virus was found on meadow clover (Trifolium pratense typus L.), wild spin (Chenopodium album L.), dooryard plantain (Plantago major L.), upland cress (Barbarea vulgaris W.T.Aiton), ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L). Potato mosaic group viruses were detected by PCR method in Lygus pratensis and Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata. Thus, it was identified a pathobiocenosis that includes pathogens – PVY, PVS, PLRV, vectors – Lygus pratensis and Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata and susceptible to infection organisms, which are wild weeds – Sonchus arvensis and Tripleurospermum inodorum, Trifolium pratense typus, Chenopodium album, Plantago major, Barbarea vulgaris, ambrosia artemisiifolia are virus reservoirs.
The effectiveness of tank mixtures of herbicides with the preparation Plektor for the protection of soybeans in the conditions of the Amur region
Authors: Krylova T S , Belov D A , Dorozhkina L S , Dubrovin A N , Dubovitskaya L K , Kolesnikova T P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The data on testing of a new herbicide Plektor, 0.03 kg/ha in the Russian Federation in a mixture with herbicides Paradox, 0.3 l/ha and Corsair, 2 l/ha for the protection of soybeans in the Amur region in 2018-2019 are presented. Processing with tank mixture was carried out in the phase of 2-3 true leaves (t.l) of soybeans. The biological efficiency of the mixtures was 70-86% and exceeded the values of the benchmark (Galaxy Top, 1.5 l/ha + Aramo, 1.5 l/ha, 65-74%). The high efficiency of the mixtures was noted against the pigweed and barnyard millet, while the Plektor mixture 0.03 kg/ha + Pauradox, 0.3 l/ha, showed high efficiency in suppression of the common commeline, and the Plector 0.03 kg/ha + Corsair, 2.0 l/ha + Miura, 0.8 l/ha - of the frost-blite. The yield increase was 4.1 - 4.4 c/ha, the weight of 1000 seeds -166-182 g and the protein content - 34-37%.
Lodging resistance of modern domestic rice varieties
Authors: Dzhamirze R R , Ostapenko N N , Chinchenko N N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Lodging is a complex process that expresses the plant’s response to environmental factors. The main direction of breeding grain crops is to increase yields and improve the grain quality indicators. For the plants to form the maximum yield, it is necessary to develop varieties with a high potential for productivity and quality, resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors. In this regard, 5 new rice varieties of domestic breeding were studied in comparison with the large-grain standard Favorit on an optimal background of mineral nutrition and they were evaluated for a complex of traits and for lodging resistance. The experiment was carried out in 2019-2020 under the conditions of field experment on the rice irrigation system of the experimental production department (ROS OPO) “FSC of Rice” (Federal Scientific Rice Centre), Krasnodar. A significant difference was established between the new rice varieties in comparison with the standard in terms of the complex of anatomical and morphological traits - the maximum values of the diameter of the lower internode (0.80 and 0.78 cm) were observed in VNIIR 10275 and VNIIR 10254, respectively; the predominant ratio of the height of the straw to the diameter of the lower internode (90.8 and 120.7) was established at VNIIR 10254 and Veles; the new genotypes showed a reliably high resistance of the stem to bending with the maximum value for VNIIR 10275 (165.75 g). The important structural elements of productivity of new varieties were determined and the excess of some of them over the variety Favorit was revealed: high density of the main panicle in the varieties Romans and VNIIR 10279 (12.2 and 11.8 pcs / cm); VNIIR 10254 has a large caryopsis and the largest weight of 1000 grains at 14% moisture content (43.1 g); at VNIIR 10275 and VNIIR 10279, the maximum productivity of one growing day (100.4 and 110.4 kg / ha / day) and grain content of agrophytocenosis (50.00 and 58.19 thousand pieces / m2) were established. A close positive relationship was revealed between the stem’s resistance to bending and the diameter of the lower internode (r = 0.930), as well as a negative correlation of the average degree between the grain mass of the main panicle with the stem’s bending resistance (r = -0.552) and the diameter of the lower internode (r = -0.530). Based on the data obtained, it was decided to transfer the variety VNIIR 10279 (Dialog) for 2021 to the State Variety Testing (SVT).
Effectiveness of the antibacterial action of the complex drug “VITAROL-E” in comparison with chloramphenicol and correction of non-specific factors of fish body protection
Authors: Droshnev A E , Zavyalova E A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
At adaptation of fishes to new conditions of habitation, in an organism there is an activization of processes with participation of free radicals. The application in combined medication – «Vitarol-E» – in the treatment with aeromonose enables to maintain the essential level of antioxidants in the organism of fish, by that increasing non-specific resistance. Antimicrobial effect of «Vitarol-E» in tested quantities leads to the formation of the concentration in tissues, which provides germicidal activity.
Dogs and cat’s jejunum echoicity characterization in the postprandial period
Authors: Tcygansky R A , Nekrasova I I , Shulunova A N , Sidelnikov A I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the quantitative characterization of dogs and cats’ jejunum mucus membrane echoicity in different functional states (fasting and postprandial period). The object of the study was healthy dogs of different ages and different breeds (17) and cats (14) of both sexes at the age from 1 to 7 years. The studies were carried out at the Pirogov Veterinary Center in Stavropol using a SIUI Apogee 1100 Omni scanner (Shantou Institute of Ultrasonic Instruments Co., Ltd., Guangdong, China) according to the standard technique using a multi-frequency linear sensor with a frequency of 7-12 MHz. Echohomogeneity and echoicity of the intestinal wall was determined by the method of Silina T L, et al. (2010). Animals were examined before feeding with a preliminary 10-12 hour fasting diet, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after feeding with Purina® ready-made dry food. Mucous membrane echoicity of dogs and cats’ duodenum and jejunum does not change after feeding however 64.7% of dogs had single and multiple small inclusions and less often a longitudinal hyperechoic stripe appears in the mucosa. These changes are most expressed from 60 to 120 minutes after feeding and mostly disappear by 180 minutes. Only 21.4% of cats showed the presence of single hyperechoic inclusions in the mucous membrane of the duodenum or jejunum from 40 to 90 minutes after feeding. The described changes in the mucous membrane of the jejunum must be taken into account when an ultrasound scan is performed on an animal after a meal.