bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A morphometric approach to track opium poppy domestication
Authors: Jesus Ana , Bonhomme Vincent , Evin Allowen , Ivorra Sarah , Soteras Raül , Salavert Aurélie , Antolín Ferran , Bouby Laurent 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOpium poppy (Papaver somniferum L. subsp. somniferum) was likely domesticated in the Western Mediterranean, where its putative wild ancestor is indigenous, and then spread to central and northern Europe. While opium poppy seeds are regularly identified in archaeobotanical studies, the absence of morphological criteria to distinguish the seeds of wild and domestic forms prevents the documentation of their respective historical and geographical occurrences and of the process of opium domestication as a whole. To fill this gap and better understand the status of this crop in the Neolithic, we combined seed outline analyses, namely elliptic Fourier transforms, with other morphometric descriptors to describe and identify Papaver setigerum, Papaver somniferum and other Papaver taxa. The combination of all measured parameters gives the most precise predictions for the identification of all seven taxa. We finally provide a case study on a Neolithic assemblage from a pile-dwelling site in Switzerland (Zurich-Parkhaus Opéra, ca. 3170 BC). Our results indicate the presence of mixed populations of domestic and wild seeds belonging to the P. somniferum group, suggesting that the plant was already in the process of domestication at the end of 4th millennium BC. Altogether, these results pave the way to understand the geography and history of the poppy domestication and its spread into Europe.
Mechanical biofilm disruption causes microbial and immunological shifts in periodontitis patients
Authors: Johnston W. , Rosier B. T. , Artacho A. , Paterson M. , Piela K. , Delaney C. , Brown J. L. , Ramage G. , Mira A. , Culshaw S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPeriodontitis is characterized by subgingival biofilm dysbiosis, inflammation and tissue destruction. Current treatment involves mechanical biofilm disruption known as non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). This study sought to characterise the impact of treatment on microbial diversity and overall community, and the parallel impact on host inflammation in the oral cavity. Fourty-two periodontitis patients were included in this study, with periodontal clinical parameters, subgingival plaque and saliva samples collected at baseline and 90 days after treatment. Salivary cytokines were quantified, and subgingival plaque was analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing. After treatment, there were marked health-associated alterations in microbial composition and diversity, including differential abundance of 42 genera and 61 species. These changes were accompanied by substantial clinical improvement (pockets ≥ 5 mm, 27.50% to 9.00%,p < 0.001) and a decrease in salivary IL-1β (p < 0.001)—a putative marker of periodontal inflammation. Despite significant reductions in disease associated anaerobes, several genera (Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Tanenerella, Treponema) remained present and formed a distinct subnetwork associated with residual disease. Collectively, this study shows that current periodontal treatment results in partial restoration of a healthy microbial ecosystem, but features of biofilm dysbiosis and host inflammation remain in some patients, which were surprisingly independent of clinical response.
Skeletal muscle metabolic responses to physical activity are muscle type specific in a rat model of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Avin Keith G. , Hughes Meghan C. , Chen Neal X. , Srinivasan Shruthi , O’Neill Kalisha D. , Evan Andrew P. , Bacallao Robert L. , Schulte Michael L. , Moorthi Ranjani N. , Gisch Debora L. , Perry Christopher G. R. , Moe Sharon M. , O’Connell Thomas M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to musculoskeletal impairments that are impacted by muscle metabolism. We tested the hypothesis that 10-weeks of voluntary wheel running can improve skeletal muscle mitochondria activity and function in a rat model of CKD. Groups included (n = 12–14/group): (1) normal littermates (NL); (2) CKD, and; (3) CKD-10 weeks of voluntary wheel running (CKD-W). At 35-weeks old the following assays were performed in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL): targeted metabolomics, mitochondrial respiration, and protein expression. Amino acid-related compounds were reduced in CKD muscle and not restored by physical activity. Mitochondrial respiration in the CKD soleus was increased compared to NL, but not impacted by physical activity. The EDL respiration was not different between NL and CKD, but increased in CKD-wheel rats compared to CKD and NL groups. Our results demonstrate that the soleus may be more susceptible to CKD-induced changes of mitochondrial complex content and respiration, while in the EDL, these alterations were in response the physiological load induced by mild physical activity. Future studies should focus on therapies to improve mitochondrial function in both types of muscle to determine if such treatments can improve the ability to adapt to physical activity in CKD.
Effects of methane ratio on MPDF (micro-pilot dual-fuel) combustion characteristic in a heavy-duty single cylinder engine
Authors: Choi Minhoo , Mohiuddin Khawar , Park Sungwook 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, the characteristics of micro-pilot dual-fuel combustion with respect to the fuel mixture ratio in a single cylinder dual-fuel engine have been investigated. In order to analyze the characteristics of micro-pilot dual-fuel combustion, a metal engine and an optical single cylinder dual-fuel engine were used. The fuel mixture ratio was varied for experimental purposes; the diesel was directly injected into combustion chamber and the methane gas was supplied via intake port. The present study reports that increasing the methane mixture ratio from 0 to 97.67% changes the diesel combustion to pre-mixed combustion. As a result, the peak cylinder pressure was increased from 184 to 198 bar, and the rate of heat release was greatly advanced. In the MPDF condition, the nitrogen oxides emissions were reduced by about 90%p, and the fuel conversion efficiency increased about 5%p because of the low combustion temperature of pre-mixed combustion. However, for the same reason, the hydrocarbon emissions were increased about 95%p. The fastest combustion speed was found form the results of methane mixture ratio between 40 and 80%. In the condition of diesel combustion and micro-pilot dual-fuel combustion, the combustion periods of middle and initial were increased, respectively, resulting in the low combustion speed. The standard deviation of peak cylinder pressure, which represents the combustion variation, was correlated with initial combustion period. While the condition of methane gas mixture ratio between 40 and 80% shows the lowest combustion variation, the highest combustion variation was occurred by MPDF condition. Through the optical engine experiment, it can be found that the cycle to cycle combustion variation is ascribed to the turbulent flow and the variation of ignition position. The combustion images show that the unpredictable characteristics of the ignition position and slow flame propagation speed caused the combustion variation in micro-pilot dual-fuel combustion.
The gut microbiome is associated with brain structure and function in schizophrenia
Authors: Li Shijia , Song Jie , Ke Pengfei , Kong Lingyin , Lei Bingye , Zhou Jing , Huang Yuanyuan , Li Hehua , Li Guixiang , Chen Jun , Li Xiaobo , Xiang Zhiming , Ning Yuping , Wu Fengchun , Wu Kai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe effect of the gut microbiome on the central nervous system and its possible role in mental disorders have received increasing attention. However, knowledge about the relationship between the gut microbiome and brain structure and function is still very limited. Here, we used 16S rRNA sequencing with structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and resting-state functional (rs-fMRI) to investigate differences in fecal microbiota between 38 patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and 38 demographically matched normal controls (NCs) and explored whether such differences were associated with brain structure and function. At the genus level, we found that the relative abundance of Ruminococcus and Roseburia was significantly lower, whereas the abundance of Veillonella was significantly higher in SZ patients than in NCs. Additionally, the analysis of MRI data revealed that several brain regions showed significantly lower gray matter volume (GMV) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) but significantly higher amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation in SZ patients than in NCs. Moreover, the alpha diversity of the gut microbiota showed a strong linear relationship with the values of both GMV and ReHo. In SZ patients, the ReHo indexes in the right STC (r = − 0.35, p = 0.031, FDR corrected p = 0.039), the left cuneus (r = − 0.33, p = 0.044, FDR corrected p = 0.053) and the right MTC (r = − 0.34, p = 0.03, FDR corrected p = 0.052) were negatively correlated with the abundance of the genus Roseburia. Our results suggest that the potential role of the gut microbiome in SZ is related to alterations in brain structure and function. This study provides insights into the underlying neuropathology of SZ.
Exploration of changes in spatial chondrocyte organisation in human osteoarthritic cartilage by means of 3D imaging
Authors: Danalache Marina , Beutler Kevin Ralf , Rolauffs Bernd , Wolfgart Julius Michael , Bonnaire Florian Christof , Fischer Stefan , Greving Imke , Hofmann Ulf Krister 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUsing two-dimensional top-down view microscopy, researchers have recently described chondrocytes as being spatially arranged in distinct patterns such as strings, double strings, and small and large clusters. Because of the seeming association of these changes with tissue degeneration, they have been proposed as an image-based biomarker for early osteoarthritis (OA) staging. The aim of our study was to investigate the spatial arrangement of chondrocytes in human articular cartilage in a 3D fashion and to evaluate the 3D changes of these patterns in the context of local tissue destruction. Decalcified femoral condyle resections from the load-bearing area were analysed in 3D for their spatial chondrocyte organisation by means of fluorescence microscopy and synchrotron-radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-µCT). In intact cartilage chondrocyte strings can be found in the superficial, transitional and deep zones. The proposed pattern changes accompanying tissue destruction could be located not just along the surface but also through all layers of cartilage. Each spatial pattern was characterised by a different cellular density (the only exception being between single and double strings with p = 0.062), with cellular density significantly increasing alongside the increase in local tissue degeneration as defined by the chondrocyte patterns. We can thus corroborate that the proposed cellular spatial changes are a three-dimensional function of local tissue degeneration, underlining their relevance as an image-based biomarker for the early diagnosis and description of OA.Clinical trial registration number: Project number of the ethics committee of the University of Tübingen:171/2014BO2.
Deep forgery discriminator via image degradation analysis
Authors: Yu Miaomiao , Zhang Jun , Li Shuohao , Lei Jun , Wang Fenglei , Zhou Hao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGenerative adversarial network‐based deep generative model is widely applied in creating hyper‐realistic face‐swapping images and videos. However, its malicious use has posed a great threat to online contents, thus making detecting the authenticity of images and videos a tricky task. Most of the existing detection methods are only suitable for one type of forgery and only work for low‐quality tampered images, restricting their applications. This paper concerns the construction of a novel discriminator with better comprehensive capabilities. Through analysis of the visual characteristics of manipulated images from the perspective of image quality, it is revealed that the synthesized face does have different degrees of quality degradation compared to the source content. Therefore, several kinds of image quality‐related handicraft features are extracted, including texture, sharpness, frequency domain features, and deep features, to unveil the inconsistent information and modification traces in the fake faces. In this way, a 1065‐dimensional vector of each image is obtained through multi‐feature fusion, and it is then fed into RF to train a targeted binary classification detector. Extensive experiments have shown that the proposed scheme is superior to the previous methods in recognition accuracy on multiple manipulation databases including the Celeb‐DF database with better visual quality.
Research on impulse impedance model and protection optimization of transmission tower grounding device in mountainous area
Authors: Huang Lin , Zhou Lijun , Zhang Dong , Wang Dongyang , Gu Weifu , Chen Sixiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe impulse impedance of the tower is the core parameter to evaluate the lightning protection performance of the transmission line. The high soil resistivity and the underground rock layers in the mountainous areas will induce large impulse impedance and further lead to frequent lightning striking accidents. Therefore, this paper proposes a circuit‐finite element model (CFEM) and investigates the corresponding impedance‐reduction optimization method of the grounding device in mountainous areas. The model takes into account the nonlinear characteristics of the soil. Based on the parallel‐plate electrode and the concentric hemispheric test device, the nonlinear curves of the soil resistivity of five typical kinds of soils with the electric field intensity are obtained. To justify the CFEM, the field experiment of a single horizontal conductor is performed, with an average relative error of 4.67%. Based on the CFEM, this paper presents an impedance‐reduction optimization method for the grounding device in the mountainous areas, while proposing the best design method and the optimal layout of the grounding device in the rocky zone. The research results can provide a reference for the design transformation and protection optimization of the transmission tower grounding device in mountainous areas.
Measurement and causal modelling of twisted pair copper cables
Authors: Yoho Jason J. , Riad Sedki M. , Muqaibel Ali H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe modelling of twisted pair copper cables has been under investigation in recent years with the emergence of several forms of digital subscriber line broadband access technology including G.fast. Designers of these communication systems implement these models to prototype early system architectures as well as simulate feasibility trials on the existing subscriber loop infrastructure. Previous attempts at modelling these cables have been limited because of the challenges associated with acquiring physical measurement and the inaccuracies of simulators to model effects such as the skin effect, which is significant when using these cables in high‐speed systems. These previous modelling attempts employed empirical formulas to match the measured primary transmission line parameters (RLCG) of the cables and generally failed to meet the Kramer–Kronig causality relationships. This paper presents a measurement setup for the electrical properties of twisted pair copper cables as well as a realizable RLCG model for the cables. This model is based on electromagnetic theory considering the model causality, the skin effect, and the twisting of the cable.
A non‐contact gap measurement method for narrow and irregular targets using inductive planar sensors with simple calibration
Authors: Jiao Dian , Ni Liwei , Yu Xueyang , Zhe Jiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPlanar inductive sensors are widely used for non‐contact gap measurement. Usually, a change in size, shape, or material of the target requires a tedious recalibration of the measurement setup. This paper aims to present a new method to measure the gap from irregular and narrow targets using a planar inductive sensor without this tedious calibration process. The magnetic field distribution on this target was numerically studied, and the findings suggested that a simpler calibration would work by modeling the induced current in the target as a virtual planar coil. For this target, we found that the calibration curves corresponding to different materials can be obtained by adding a constant C to the base curve. To validate this approach, three planar coils of different sizes were tested with four metallic turbine blade‐shaped targets. Results showed that the measured gaps matched well with the real gaps, with a maximum error of about 3.703%. The new approach can be applied to various applications including 3D printer build platform calibration, bandsaw blade deviation detection, and blade tip clearance monitoring.
Diagnóstico e tratamento do dedo de gatilho no Brasil - Estudo transversal
Authors: Silva Paulo Henrique Jeronimo da , Moraes Vinícius Ynoe de , Segre Nicolau Granado , Sato Edson Sasahara , Faloppa Flávio , Belloti João Carlos 
Published: May 2021

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar o planejamento terapêutico para o dedo em gatilho por ortopedistas brasileiros.
Métodos Estudo transversal, cuja população foi composta por participantes do Congresso Brasileiro de Ortopedia e Traumatologia 2018 (CBOT-2018). Foi aplicado um questionário sobre a conduta adotada no diagnóstico e tratamento do dedo em gatilho.
Resultados Foram analisados 243 participantes com média de idade de 37.46 anos, na maioria homens (88%), tempo de experiência de pelo menos 1 ano (55,6%), e da região Sudeste (68.3%). A análise dos questionários evidenciou que há consenso nos seguintes quesitos: diagnóstico somente com exame físico (73,3%), classificação de Quinnell modificada por Green (58,4%), tratamento inicial não cirúrgico (91,4%), infiltração de corticoide com anestésico (61,7%) tempo de tratamento não cirúrgico de 1 a 3 meses (52,3%), tratamento cirúrgico pela via aberta (84,4%), principalmente via aberta transversa (51%), recidiva do engatilhamento como principal complicação não cirúrgica (58%), e o sucesso da cirurgia aberta em > 90% (63%), sendo a sua principal complicação as complicações cicatriciais (54%). Sem consenso nas demais variáveis. De acordo com a experiência, foram observadas diferenças referentes ao tempo de tratamento (p = 0.013) e a taxa de complicação da cirurgia aberta (p = 0.010).
Conclusões O ortopedista brasileiro tem preferência pelo diagnóstico do dedo em gatilho apenas com exame físico, classifica segundo Quinnell modificado por Green, tratamento inicial não cirúrgico, infiltrações com corticoide e anestésico local, tempo de tratamento não cirúrgico de 1 a 3 meses, tratamento cirúrgico por via aberta transversa, principal complicação não cirúrgica a recidiva do engatilhamento, e considera o sucesso da cirurgia aberta em > 90% dos casos, tendo como principal complicação as complicações cicatriciais.
Advanced Endoscopic Tools
Authors: Fung Eleanor C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe advent and success of therapeutic endoscopy has expanded the utilization of endoscopy as an effective alternative to surgical intervention in some cases with decreased morbidity, improved outcomes, and shortened length of hospital stay. Gastrointestinal bleeding, perforations, leaks, fistulas, and strictures have become increasingly managed by endoscopy with the evolution and development of endoscopic tools for effective closure of full-thickness gastrointestinal defects, dilation, and hemostasis. This article reviews the characteristics and role of endoscopic clips, stents, dilation balloons, endoscopic knives, and suturing devices.
Radioembolization for Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Ali Aamir , Manzoor Komal , Weinstein Jeffrey L. , Faintuch Salomao , Ahmed Muneeb , Sarwar Ammar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary hepatic malignancy which accounts for 13% of total cancer mortality worldwide. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment for localized disease; however, the majority of patients present when the tumor is unresectable. The incidence of the intrahepatic subtype of cholangiocarcinoma is increasing worldwide. Current standard of care in patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is systemic chemotherapy; however, yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization (Y90-TARE) is under investigation for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with promising trials and published clinical experience. This review critically evaluates the role of Y90-TARE in the management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Studying subjective hearing loss in older adults measured by speech, spatial, and quality of hearing scale within the framework of the ICF core set for hearing loss
Authors: Alfakir Razan 
Published: May 2021

Objective
This study aimed to assess categories underlying subjective hearing loss (SHL) in older adults using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability (ICF) and Health-Brief Core Set for Hearing Loss (ICF-BCS-HL).

Design
A cross-sectional study. One-hundred and thirty-one independent-living older adults (Mage = 72.32, SD = 6.83), who completed the speech, spatial, and quality of hearing (SSQ) scale and a set of clinically accepted outcome measurements linked with selected categories listed in the ICF-BCS-HL.

Results
A linear regression analysis model was fitted with the outcome measurements after controlling for age, sex, education, multimorbidity, and hearing aid use. The model showed 5 significant predictors underlying the SSQ-total score: HL (ß = −.38, p ≤ .001), dizziness handicap (ß = −.35, p ≤ .001), cognitive decline (ß = .17, p < .05), multimorbidity (ß = .12, p < .005), and poor ability to accept the noise level (ß = −.16, p = p < .05). Predictors varied across the SSQ-subscales scores, however.

Conclusion
A link of SHL with HL, cognitive deficits, poor ability to accept background noise level, and multimorbidity, collectively or individually, were well-established. So far, little attention has been paid to the impact of dizziness handicap of elderly patients when evaluating their SHL.
Solving the Kratzer oscillator in diatomic molecules: an algebraic approach based on the so(2,1) Lie algebra
Authors: Maulén Boris , Gonzalez Jose Mauricio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this article, we solve the rovibrational Schrödinger equation for diatomic molecules using the Kratzer oscillator by means of the

so
(
2
,
1
)

Lie algebra. The main contribution of our algebraic approach is that this allows us to reduce the degree of the Schrödinger equation giving thus a first-order differential equation, by which the vibrational ground state wave function is obtained, clearly and in few steps. The energies are obtained by scaling of the observables r and p

r
which preserves the canonical commutation relation, and a recurrence relation for the bound states written in terms of the raising operator is also given. Also we calculate the rovibrational spectrum of H
2 and CO molecules, showing that the energies of the Kratzer oscillator not only depends on vibrational and rotational quantum numbers, but also in the difference between the vibrational quantum number with its minimum value, for a fixed l. The article ends giving a physical insight of the symmetry transformation of the SO(2, 1) Lie group in order to show the relationship between this group and its associated Lie algebra. Finally, as an illustrative example, we calculated the selection rules for the vibrational quantum number, from a purely algebraic approach.