bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of empagliflozin on the total burden of cardiovascular and hospitalization events in the Asian and non‐Asian populations of the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial of patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Kaku Kohei , Wanner Christoph , Anker Stefan D. , Pocock Stuart , Yasui Atsutaka , Mattheus Michaela , Lund Søren S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsThe sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin reduced the total burden of cardiovascular, mortality, and all‐cause hospitalization events, including first and recurrent events, in EMPA‐REG OUTCOME participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We investigated the effect of empagliflozin on the total burden of cardiovascular and hospitalization events in Asian participants.Materials and methodsParticipants were randomized to empagliflozin 10 mg, 25 mg or placebo plus standard of care. The primary and key secondary outcomes were the composite of cardiovascular death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, and non‐fatal stroke and the primary outcome plus hospitalization for unstable angina, respectively. The effect of pooled empagliflozin versus placebo on total (first plus recurrent) cardiovascular and hospitalization events was analysed using a negative binomial model that preserves randomization and accounts for within‐patient correlation of multiple events. We analysed Asian versus non‐Asian EMPA‐REG OUTCOME population subgroups post hoc.ResultsAmong 1517 Asian participants, empagliflozin reduced the relative risk of total events of the primary outcome by 39% versus placebo [rate ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.61 (0.43, 0.89)], the key secondary outcome by 33% [0.67 (0.48, 0.93)], the composite of cardiovascular death (excluding fatal stroke) and hospitalization for heart failure by 43% [0.57 (0.33, 0.996)], and all‐cause hospitalization by 21% [0.79 (0.65, 0.97)]. The effects of empagliflozin were consistent between Asian and non‐Asian populations (treatment‐by‐subgroup interaction p > .05).ConclusionsEmpagliflozin reduced the total burden of cardiovascular and hospitalization events in Asian and non‐Asian EMPA‐REG OUTCOME participants with T2D and established ASCVD, consistent with the overall trial population.
Syntax‐based metamorphic relation prediction via the bagging framework
Authors: Yin Yuyu , Ruan Jiajie , Li Youhuizi , Li Yu , Pan Zhijin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSoftware testing is an indispensable part of the software engineering industry, which guarantees product reliability and safety. Traditional testing approaches face the testing Oracle problem, they are difficult to construct the expected outputs with the increasing of program complexity. As a result, metamorphic testing, which tests the program by examining the relationship between the execution results, is proposed. However, existing manual metamorphic relation construction requires huge effects of domain experts, and automatic methods are unstable and inefficient due to the insufficient software feature mining. Hence, we proposed a multi‐dimensional program structure‐based metamorphic relation prediction approach, which is composed of feature extraction and prediction model building. In the feature extraction stage, the testing program is converted to multiple intermediate structures (such as control flow graphs and abstract syntax trees) to explore its features. In the prediction model building stage, the extracted feature set is used as the training set, and a novel semi‐supervised support vector machine‐bagging‐K‐nearest neighbors algorithm is designed to train the prediction model. Besides, a two‐phase hybrid granularity search algorithm is proposed to improve the prediction performance by selecting the optimal number of weak classifiers. Compared with existing approaches, our proposed model can improve the accuracy by around 14%.
Parental burnout during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Skjerdingstad Nora , Johnson Miriam S. , Johnson Sverre U. , Hoffart Asle , Ebrahimi Omid V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIncreased and long‐term parental stress related to one's parental role can lead to parental burnout. In the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic, families experienced intensified pressure due to the government‐initiated contact restrictions applied to prevent the spread of the virus in the population. This study investigates the risk factors and predictors of parental burnout in a large sample of parents (N = 1488) during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Norway. Demographic and psychosocial factors were assessed at two timepoints: at the beginning of the pandemic outbreak in March 2020 (T1) and at 3 months follow‐up (T2). A hierarchical regression analysis was applied to identify the factors that contribute to parental burnout at T2. Parental burnout was additionally explored across subgroups. Findings revealed that younger age was associated with more parental burnout. Concurrent (T2) use of unhelpful coping strategies, insomnia symptoms, parental stress, and less parental satisfaction was significantly associated with the presence of greater parental burnout (T2). Additionally, parental stress and satisfaction measured in the earliest phase of the pandemic (T1) were associated with parental burnout 3 months later (T2) over and above concurrent parental stress/satisfaction. Unemployed parents and individuals with a mental health condition were identified as subgroups with substantially heightened levels of parental burnout.
PREFIGURATIVE HUMANITIES
Authors: DOMAŃSKA EWA 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTIn this article, I propose that a future‐oriented project of prefigurative humanities will provide a much‐needed framework for fostering alternative ways of approaching the past beyond history. I consider whether such future‐oriented humanities, which are guided by the idea of critical hope and epistemic justice (understood as the inclusion of knowledges created in “epistemic peripheries”), might provide critical tools for imagining different scenarios of the future, as manifested in realistic and responsible utopias. The prototypes of such utopias might be found in art, film, literature, and history as well as in real, everyday life. Following Ruth Levitas's approach to utopia and Ariella Azoulay's project of potential history, I also consider how utopia might function not only as a goal but as a method to revive more positive thinking about the future.
Biochemical properties, nutritional quality, colour profile and techno‐functional properties of whole grain sourdough and malted cowpea and quinoa flours
Authors: Kewuyemi Yusuf Olamide , Kesa Hema , Adebo Oluwafemi Ayodeji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe particular interest in biomodifications of underutilised but nutritionally distinct whole grains is vital to promote diet diversity, nutrition transition and food security. This study investigated the use of short‐term solid‐state fermentation and germination to ease processability and improve the quality characteristics of whole grain (WG) cowpea and quinoa flours. The fermented and germinated WG flours were prepared at 28 °C for 48 h. The biochemical, nutritional quality and techno‐functional properties of the obtained flours were determined. The macromolecules’ biomodification by microbial metabolism and endogenous enzymes activation influenced quality variations in the biomodified flours. The cowpea sourdough flour (CSF) presented lower acidity (pH 4.72), higher total flavonoid (29.63 mg QE/g), total phenolic (8.21 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity. The flour also showed high contents of fibre (5.30%), ash (4.42%), calcium (864.49 mg/kg), potassium (12848.64 mg/kg), zinc (33.83 mg/kg), good protein (21.43%) and a moderate fat level (2.65%). Higher oil absorption and water solubility indices were also noted for CSF. In contrast, malted quinoa flour (MQF) exhibited higher swelling power, increased dispersibility and improved final, peak and trough viscosities. The CSF displayed higher redness and browning index, whereas MQF had greater lightness. The results suggest that CSF and MQF had the best complementary quality attributes. Their formulation as gluten‐free, whole and multigrain ingredients may promote healthy choices for individualised growing dietary needs.
An integrative review: Chronic kidney disease awareness and the social determinants of health inequities
Authors: Iroegbu Christin , Lewis Lisa , Matura Lea Ann 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease is a common and prevalent condition in the United States. However, 90% of individuals with chronic kidney disease are unaware of their diagnosis.AimsTo summarize the empirical and theoretical literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of the social determinants of health inequities associated with CKD awareness. Social determinants of health inequities are underlying pathways that shape the health opportunities of individuals based on their social position.DesignIntegrative review.Data Sources(May 2020 through July 2020) Data sources included PubMed, sociological abstracts, ScienceDirect, CINAHL and Google Scholar.Review MethodsQuantitative, qualitative and theoretical articles describing the association of social determinants of health inequities and chronic kidney disease awareness were included.ResultsA total of 19 articles were reviewed: two qualitative, one theoretical and 16 quantitative.ConclusionFindings from this review revealed that socioeconomic status, education, race and gender are consistently associated with patient chronic kidney disease awareness. These findings should serve as a basis for further research on interventions to improve chronic kidney disease awareness as well as guide nurses and health care professionals in caring for this population.
microRNA‐19b‐3p‐containing extracellular vesicles derived from macrophages promote the development of atherosclerosis by targeting JAZF1
Authors: Wang Qingshan , Dong Yuandi , Wang Haiyang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAtherosclerosis has been regarded as a major contributor to cardiovascular disease. The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the treatment of atherosclerosis has been increasingly reported. In this study, we set out to investigate the effect of macrophages‐derived EVs (M‐EVs) containing miR‐19b‐3p in the progression of atherosclerosis, with the involvement of JAZF1. Following isolation of EVs from macrophages, the M‐EVs were induced with ox‐low density lipoprotein (LDL) (ox‐LDL‐M‐EVs), and co‐cultured with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). RT‐qPCR and western blot assay were performed to determine the expression of miR‐19b‐3p and JAZF1 in M‐EVs and in VSMCs. Lentiviral infection was used to overexpress or knock down miR‐19b‐3p. EdU staining and scratch test were conducted to examine VSMC proliferation and migration. Dual‐luciferase gene reporter assay was performed to examine the relationship between miR‐19b‐3p and JAZF1. In order to explore the role of ox‐LDL‐M‐EVs carrying miR‐19b‐3p in atherosclerotic lesions in vivo, a mouse model of atherosclerosis was established through high‐fat diet induction. M‐EVs were internalized by VSMCs. VSMC migration and proliferation were promoted by ox‐LDL‐M‐EVs. miR‐19b‐3p displayed upregulation in ox‐LDL‐M‐EVs. miR‐19b‐3p was transferred by M‐EVs into VSMCs, thereby promoting VSMC migration and proliferation. mir‐19b‐3p targeted JAZF1 to decrease its expression in VSMCs. Atherosclerosis lesions were aggravated by ox‐LDL‐M‐EVs carrying miR‐19b‐3p in ApoE−/− mice. Collectively, this study demonstrates that M‐EVs containing miR‐19b‐3p accelerate migration and promotion of VSMCs through targeting JAZF1, which promotes the development of atherosclerosis.
European recommendations for management of immune checkpoint inhibitors‐derived dermatologic adverse events. The EADV task force ‘Dermatology for cancer patients’ position statement
Authors: Apalla Z. , Nikolaou V. , Fattore D. , Fabbrocini G. , Freites‐Martinez A. , Sollena P. , Lacouture M. , Kraehenbuehl L. , Stratigos A. , Peris K. , Lazaridou E. , Richert B. , Vigarios E. , Riganti J. , Baroudjian B. , Filoni A. , Dodiuk‐Gad R. , Lebbé C. , Sibaud V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) opened a new era in oncologic therapy. The favourable profile of ICIs in terms of efficacy and safety can be overshadowed by the development of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Dermatologic irAEs (dirAEs) appear in about 40% of patients undergoing immunotherapy and mainly include maculopapular, psoriasiform, lichenoid and eczematous rashes, auto‐immune bullous disorders, pigmentary disorders, pruritus, oral mucosal lesions, hair and nail changes, as well as a few rare and potentially life‐threatening toxicities. The EADV task force Dermatology for Cancer Patients merged the clinical experience of the so‐far published data, incorporated the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of each specific dirAEs, and released dermatology‐derived, phenotype‐specific treatment recommendations for cutaneous toxicities (including levels of evidence and grades of recommendation). The basic principle of management is that the interventions should be tailored to serve the equilibrium between patients’ relief from the symptoms and signs of skin toxicity and the preservation of an unimpeded oncologic treatment.
Worst itch numerical rating scale for prurigo nodularis: a psychometric evaluation
Authors: Ständer S. , Zeidler C. , Pereira M. , Szepietowski J.C. , McLeod L. , Qin S. , Williams N. , Sciascia T. , Augustin M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudy TR03 evaluated the safety and efficacy of nalbuphine ER for prurigo nodularis (PN; NCT02174419).ObjectiveWe conducted supplementary analyses to assess the psychometric properties of the Worst Itch Numeric Rating Scale (WI‐NRS), the TR03 primary endpoint.MethodsStudy TR03 was a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 2 trial in PN patients with documented scores ≥5 on the WI‐NRS (0 [no itch]–10 [worst itch imaginable]) on ≥5 of 7 days before baseline. Using TR03 data, the WI‐NRS's psychometric properties, including reliability, validity and ability to detect change, were evaluated. A responder threshold was estimated to facilitate interpretation of WI‐NRS score changes.ResultsAmongst 62 treated patients, improvements in mean [SD] (median) WI‐NRS scores were observed between baseline (8.2 [1.21] (8.1)) and week 10 (5.8 [2.43] (6.0)). The WI‐NRS had an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.93–0.98) in 42 patients who had stable Itch verbal rating scale (VRS) scores from week 9–10, supporting strong test–retest reliability. Construct validity was supported, with strong correlations at week 10 with Average Itch NRS (r = 0.87) and Itch VRS single‐day/weekly mean scores (r = 0.81/0.89) and moderate correlations with ItchyQoL™ total/domain scores (r = 0.41–0.43). The WI‐NRS discriminated between predefined severity subgroups based on the Itch VRS and detected changes in itching severity (effect‐size estimate: −2.05; standardized response mean: −1.21). An anchor‐based threshold based on a two‐category improvement in the single‐day Itch VRS suggests a responder threshold of ≥3.8 points (~40% improvement).ConclusionsThe WI‐NRS demonstrates good measurement properties, supporting its use in evaluating treatment change in PN.
Detection of early bruises on apples using hyperspectral imaging combining with YOLOv3 deep learning algorithm
Authors: Pang Qi , Huang Wenqian , Fan Shuxiang , Zhou Quan , Wang Zheli , Tian Xi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe bruise on apples is a common damage mainly caused during the picking and transportation stages, but its detection robustness has not been satisfactory using the traditional machine learning method, and the precision of bruise detection with short formation time and light degree of bruise is low, and it is easily affected by the variable and complex environment, especially the bright spots. In this paper, a long‐wave near infrared (LW‐NIR 930–2,548 nm) hyperspectral imaging system for acquiring reflectance images of bruised apples were developed in this study. Then the regions of interest (ROIs) of sound and bruised tissues were analyzed and three specific spectral regions were determined. The segmented principal component analysis was performed to select characteristic wavelengths from the three regions. In order to verify the superiority over original hyperspectral data onto deep learning algorithms, the gray‐scale images of characteristic wavelengths (dataset I) and their PC images (dataset II) were input into YOLOv3 network to develop a bruise detection model, respectively. The results showed that all 110 bruise spots of testing set were identified correctly with the YOLOv3 model of dataset I and achieved a F1‐sore of 100% and FPS of 68, while the YOLOv3 model of dataset II and traditional detection method could not eliminate the interference of bright spots and misidentified them as bruises. In short, the YOLOv3 model based on the selected characteristic wavelengths has an excellent potential for on‐line detection of apple bruises.Practical ApplicationsDetection of apple bruises is essential to ensure the fruit quality of the same batch and the income of the farmers. In the past, most bruises were detected using traditional machine learning algorithms combined with hyperspectral imaging technology. This requires a series of cumbersome preprocessing and is susceptible to uneven brightness distribution of reflected image. Compared with the traditional method, our proposed detection model using hyperspectral imaging combining with YOLOv3 deep learning algorithm could obtain better detection accuracy and robustness, and avoid the problem of false detection caused by the interference of bright spots. Simultaneously, the method based on neural network provides a new idea for future multispectral online detection technology.
Factors associated with healthcare utilization and trajectories in retirement village residents
Authors: Bloomfield Katherine , Wu Zhenqiang , Broad Joanna B. , Tatton Annie , Calvert Cheryl , Hikaka Joanna , Boyd Michal , Peri Kathy , Bramley Dale , Higgins Ann‐Marie , Connolly Martin J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo study healthcare utilization and trajectories, and associated factors, in older adults in retirement villages (RVs), also known as continuing care retirement communities.MethodsProspective cohort study of 578 cognitively intact residents from 34 RVs in Auckland, New Zealand (NZ). Measurement: InterRAI‐Community Health Assessment (includes core items that may trigger functional supplement (FS) completion in those with higher needs, and generates clinical assessment protocols (CAPs) in those with potential unmet needs). Outcomes: time to acute hospitalization, long‐term care (LTC), and death during average 2.5 years follow‐up.ResultsThree hundred seven (53%) residents had acute hospitalizations, 65 (11%) moved to LTC, and 51 (9%) died over a mean of 2.5 years. Factors associated with increased risk of acute hospitalization included CAP‐falls (high risk) triggered, number of comorbidities, not having left RV in 2 weeks prior, moderate/severe hearing impairment, CAP‐cardiorespiratory conditions triggered, acute hospitalization in year prior and age, with significant hazard ratios (HR) ranging between 1.03 and 2.90. Factors associated with reduced risk of hospitalization included other (non‐NZ) European ethnicity (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55–0.98, p = 0.04), presence of on‐site clinic (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.45–0.85, p = 0.003), no influenza vaccination (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.38–0.83, p = 0.004). Factors associated with LTC transition included FS triggered (HR 3.84, 95% CI 1.92–7.66, p < 0.001), CAP‐instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) (HR 2.62, 95% CI 1.22–5.62, p = 0.01), CAP‐social relationship triggered (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.13–3.55, p = 0.02), and age (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07–1.18 p < 0.001). Factors associated with mortality included number of comorbidities (HR 3.75, 95% CI 1.54–9.10, p = 0.004 for 3–5 comorbidities), CAP‐IADL triggered (HR 3.05, 95% CI 1.30–7.16, p = 0.01), and age (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05–1.18, p < 0.001).ConclusionA large proportion of cognitively intact RV residents are admitted to hospital in mean 2.5 years of follow‐up. Multiple factors were associated with acute hospitalization risk. On‐site clinics were associated with reduced risk and should be considered in RV development.
Care Coordination for Children with Special Health Care Needs: A Scoping Review to Inform Strategies for Students with Traumatic Brain Injuries
Authors: Davies Susan C. , Lundine Jennifer P. , Justice Ann F. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDChronic and complex medical issues, including traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), have significant educational implications. The purpose of this study was to identify and summarize the literature on care coordination strategies among health care professionals, educators, and caregivers for children with special health care needs (CSHCN). Clarifying factors that influence care coordination for CSHCN can inform future studies on care coordination for students with TBI. Improved understanding of these factors may lead to better communication, reduction of unmet needs, more efficient service access, and improved long‐term outcomes for children.METHODSA scoping review was conducted, guided by PRISMA‐ScR methodology. Five databases (CINAHL, PSYCINFO, EMBASE, ERIC, PubMed) were searched to identify relevant studies that focused on care coordination and educational settings.RESULTSTwelve articles met inclusion criteria. Care coordination interventions for CSHCN used in educational settings focused on relationship‐building strategies, clear procedures and roles, and education of members of the school community.CONCLUSIONSFindings highlight strategies to coordinate care for CSHCN and factors that may moderate effects of these interventions. Key stakeholders should now study these strategies specifically in children with TBI.
Optimal redistributive policies by publicly provided inputs and income taxation
Authors: Bassetti Thomas , Greco Luciano 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGovernments redistribute income through taxes, transfers, and public services. Using three key statistics, we characterize the conditions under which nonlinear income taxation is optimally combined with a publicly provided input in economies where individual wages are driven by households' exogenous abilities and unobservable input investments. A universal scheme in which all households opt for a large and uniform level of publicly provided input optimally compounds with nonlinear income taxation if input and ability are substitutes in households' earnings. Calibrating our model with US data, we find that this scheme represents the optimal policy regime for a wide spectrum of plausible parameter values.