bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Athlete Food Choice Questionnaire (AFCQ): Validity and Reliability in a Sample of International High-Performance Athletes
Authors: THURECHT RACHAEL L. , PELLY FIONA E. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The Athlete Food Choice Questionnaire (AFCQ) is a novel tool for understanding factors influencing athlete food selection and providing context to nutrition knowledge and diet quality data. Reliability, face, and content validity have been previously established during development. The aim of this study is to evaluate the AFCQ’s factorial structure, reliability, and construct validity in an independent sample of international high-performance athletes.

Methods
The AFCQ contains 36 items within nine factors. Participants rate how frequently (1 never to 5 always) items influence their choices. Model consistency and construct validity was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis. Measures included model fit incidences and duplicate methods examining reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity.

Results
Athletes (n = 232) at the 2018 Commonwealth Games, Gold Coast, Australia, completed the AFCQ. A modified 32-item model achieved discriminant validity for all factors and convergent validity for “emotional influence,” “food and health awareness,” “nutritional attributes of food,” “performance,” and “influence of others.” Reliability measures of all constructs except “usual eating practice” and “food values and beliefs” were above acceptable thresholds, although “usual eating practice” was considered tolerable and conditionally accepted.

Conclusion
The AFCQ was confirmed in its original nine-factor structure in an independent sample of high-performance athletes. This provides a detailed and transparent account of the construct validity of the AFCQ, adding to the foundation of evidence for this new instrument. The AFCQ captures the unique influences specific to athletes while being broad enough for application across diverse sporting and culturally mixed cohorts. This tool could assist sports science professionals in making more informed and effective decisions around strategies to support athletes, including the ability to triage for specific sports nutrition advice.
Pancreatic β-Cell Function Is Associated with Augmented Counterregulation to In-Exercise Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: MCCARTHY OLIVIA , PITT JASON , ECKSTEIN MAX L. , MOSER OTHMAR , BAIN STEPHEN C. , BRACKEN RICHARD M. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the influence of residual β-cell function on counterregulatory hormonal responses to hypoglycemia during acute physical exercise in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). A secondary aim was to explore relationships between biomarkers of pancreatic β-cell function and indices of glycemia following acute exercise including the nocturnal period.

Methods
This study involved an exploratory, secondary analysis of data from individuals with T1D who partook in a four-peroid, randomized, cross-over trial involving a bout of evening exercise followed by an overnight stay in a clinical laboratory facility. Participants were split into two groups: (i) a stimulated C-peptide level of ≥30 pmol⋅L−1 (low-level secretors [LLS], n = 6) or (ii) <30 pmol⋅L−1 (microsecretors [MS], n = 10). Pancreatic hormones (C-peptide, proinsulin, and glucagon), catecholamines (epinephrine [EPI] and norepinephrine [NE]), and metabolic biomarkers (blood glucose, blood lactate, and β-hydroxybutyrate) were measured at rest, during exercise with and without a hypoglycemic (blood glucose ≤3.9 mmol⋅L−1) episode, and throughout a 13-h postexercise period. Interstitial glucose monitoring was used to assess indices of glycemic variability.

Results
During in-exercise hypoglycemia, LLS presented with greater sympathoadrenal (EPI and NE P ≤ 0.05) and ketone (P < 0.01) concentrations. Glucagon remained similar (P = 0.09). Over exercise, LLS experienced larger drops in C-peptide and proinsulin (both P < 0.01) as well as greater increases in EPI (P < 0.01) and β-hydroxybutyrate (P = 0.03). LLS spent less time in the interstitial-derived hypoglycemic range acutely postexercise and had lower glucose variability throughout the nocturnal period.

Conclusion
Higher residual β-cell function was associated with greater sympathoadrenal and ketonic responses to exercise-induced hypoglycemia as well as improved glycemia leading into and throughout the nocturnal hours. Even a minimal amount of residual β-cell function confers a beneficial effect on glycemic outcomes during and after exercise in people with T1D.
Substrate-Specific Respiration of Isolated Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria after 1 h of Moderate Cycling in Sedentary Adults
Authors: NEWSOM SEAN A. , STIERWALT HARRISON D. , EHRLICHER SARAH E. , ROBINSON MATTHEW M. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Skeletal muscle mitochondria have dynamic shifts in oxidative metabolism to meet energy demands of aerobic exercise. Specific complexes oxidize lipid and nonlipid substrates. It is unclear if aerobic exercise stimulates intrinsic oxidative metabolism of mitochondria or varies between substrates.

Methods
We studied mitochondrial metabolism in sedentary male and female adults (n = 11F/4M) who were free of major medical conditions with mean ± SD age of 28 ± 7 yr, peak aerobic capacity of 2.0 ± 0.4 L·min−1, and body mass index of 22.2 ± 2 kg·m−2. Biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis muscle on separate study days at rest or 15 min after exercise (1 h cycling at 65% peak aerobic capacity). Isolated mitochondria were analyzed using high-resolution respirometry of separate titration protocols for lipid (palmitoylcarnitine, F-linked) and nonlipid substrates (glutamate–malate, N-linked; succinate S-linked). Titration protocols distinguished between oxidative phosphorylation and leak respiration and included the measurement of reactive oxygen species emission (H2O2). Western blotting determined the protein abundance of electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) subunits, including inhibitory methylation site on ETF-β.

Results
Aerobic exercise induced modest increases in mitochondrial respiration because of increased coupled respiration across F-linked (+13%, P = 0.08), N(S)-linked (+14%, P = 0.09), and N-linked substrates (+17%, P = 0.08). Prior exercise did not change P:O ratio. Electron leak to H2O2 increased 6% increased after exercise (P = 0.06) for lipid substrates but not for nonlipid. The protein abundance of ETF-α or ETF-β subunit or inhibitory methylation on ETF-β was not different between rest and after exercise.

Conclusion
In sedentary adults, the single bout of moderate-intensity cycling induced modest increases for intrinsic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation that was consistent across multiple substrates.
Anosmia and dysgeusia in SARS-CoV-2 infection: incidence and effects on COVID-19 severity and mortality, and the possible pathobiology mechanisms - a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mutiawati Endang , Fahriani Marhami , Mamada Sukamto S. , Fajar Jonny Karunia , Frediansyah Andri , Maliga Helnida Anggun , Ilmawan Muhammad , Emran Talha Bin , Ophinni Youdiil , Ichsan Ichsan , Musadir Nasrul , Rabaan Ali A. , Dhama Kuldeep , Syahrul Syahrul , Nainu Firzan , Harapan Harapan 
Published: January 2021

Background: The present study aimed to determine the global prevalence of anosmia and dysgeusia in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and to assess their association with severity and mortality of COVID-19. Moreover, this study aimed to discuss the possible pathobiological mechanisms of anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19. Methods: Available articles from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and preprint databases (MedRxiv, BioRxiv, and Researchsquare) were searched on November 10th, 2020. Data on the characteristics of the study (anosmia, dysgeusia, and COVID-19) were extracted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to assess research quality. Moreover, the pooled prevalence of anosmia and dysgeusia were calculated, and the association between anosmia and dysgeusia in presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was assessed using the Z test. Results: Out of 32,142 COVID-19 patients from 107 studies, anosmia was reported in 12,038 patients with a prevalence of 38.2% (95% CI: 36.5%, 47.2%); whereas, dysgeusia was reported in 11,337 patients out of 30,901 COVID-19 patients from 101 studies, with prevalence of 36.6% (95% CI: 35.2%, 45.2%), worldwide. Furthermore, the prevalence of anosmia was 10.2-fold higher (OR: 10.21; 95% CI: 6.53, 15.96, p < 0.001) and that of dysgeusia was 8.6-fold higher (OR: 8.61; 95% CI: 5.26, 14.11, p < 0.001) in COVID-19 patients compared to those with other respiratory infections or COVID-19 like illness. To date, no study has assessed the association of anosmia and dysgeusia with severity and mortality of COVID-19. Conclusion: Anosmia and dysgeusia are prevalent in COVID-19 patients compared to those with the other non-COVID-19 respiratory infections. Several possible mechanisms have been hypothesized; however, future studies are warranted to elucidate the definitive mechanisms of anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19. Protocol registration: PROSPERO CRD42020223204.
Use of the hyperelastic model for plastic materials by example of the three-bar truss
Authors: Chekhov Vladimir V. 
Published: January 2021

Particular features and traits of a model of large deformations applied for static analysis and design of metal structures with plasticity are considered. Foundations of the deformation theory of plasticity relevant for incompressible materials are formally generalized for the model of hyperelastic body described by equation of state in the Finger form. The behavior of the model is analyzed for the case of uniaxial tension. The collected results are used to explore a symmetrical three-bar truss made of two materials. Relations describing behavior of the truss under conditions of the geometric and physical nonlinearities are obtained. Specifics arising in the analysis and design of the truss using standard structural alloys are analyzed.
Continuous functions between sets with operations
Authors: Nakaoka Fumie , Oda Nobuyuki 
Published: January 2021

A set with an operation is a generalization of a topological space. Two types of continuous functions are dened between sets with operations. They are characterized making use of two types of closures and interiors. Homeomorphisms between sets with operations are also characterized. Variants of subspaces, connected spaces and compact spaces are introduced in a set with an operation and some fundamental properties of them are proved.
System wielopartyjny we współczesnej Rosji: etapy powstawania i rozwoju
Authors: Szutow Andriej 
Published: January 2021

Multiparty system in contemporary Russia: stages of formation and development
Multiparty system exists in Russia for a bit more than 20 years. Within different political science discussions, the questions of functioning of multiparty system, organization of the party structure, positioning of parties in the society and state, politico‑ideological identity of parties, creation of stable electoral base, cross‑party coalitions, formation of party elites as a factor of party systems’ sustainability, etc. were considered. Solving of these problems is impossible without learning of historical experience of multiparty system development in contemporary Russia. According to the analysis of party functioning, it is supposed to emphasize five stages of multiparty system development: „political pluralism” (end of 1980’s – beginning of 1990’s), „chaotic multiparty system” (beginning of 1990’s), attempt to form a multiparty system (1995-1999), and development of the „political party state” (2000-2010) and democratization of party construction (from 2011). Within these stages current questions of political system functioning were being solved, that allowed creating of large political parties with comparatively stable electoral base, significant organizational and financial resources. On the agenda of the last stage is a request for the empowerment of specific social groups, development of new party organizations and further perfection of Russian political system.
Pamięć polityczna i polityka pamięci w teorii i praktyce symbolicznej dominacji elit postradzieckich
Authors: Zawierszynskij Konstantin 
Published: January 2021

Political memory and politics of memory in theory and practice of symbolic domination post‑soviet elites
The article discusses methodological opportunities for conceptualization of political memory through correlation with symbolic structure of political communication. The author argues that the structure of political expectations of political memory carries out function of symbolic designing of political communication. The analysis of temporal structure of political expectations is especially important for understanding designing of „Politics of Memory” in post‑soviet spaces.
Kędy do nas?
Authors: Lipatow Aleksandr 
Published: January 2021

Which way to us? In search of approaches to mutual understanding of Poles and Russians
The text stresses the necessity of scholarly research of Polish‑Russian relations. Mutual stereotypes of perception and prejudices ought to be thoroughly analyzed. Multidimensional approach towards history reveals dialectical relationship between the universal values of European culture and its local embodiments. The history of Polish‑Russian relations should be looked at without any narrowing ideological perspective. The Author emphasizes incompatibility of scholarly and ideological approaches to historical research. Cultural perspective is thought to be a reliable method, enabling discovery of differentiated mutual attitude of Poles and Russians, free of ideological simplifications. The cases of S. Polockii, A. Mickiewicz, K. Ryleev, A. Hercen, M. Glinka, S. Rimskii‑Korsakov, P. Chaikovskii and I. Brodskii are taken into account as epitomes of ability to mutual empathy and understanding.
Partial Unraveling and Strategic Contract Timing
Authors: Guo Liang 
Published: January 2021

Renegotiations and last-minute contracting are prevalent in many vertical relationships. Information transmission between firms and buyers can be imperfect as well. In this paper we present a theory to explicate how early/delayed contracting over wholesale prices, and partial unraveling of private information, can sustain each other endogenously in a channel setting with bilateral monopoly. Should the wholesale price be predetermined, the downstream manufacturer would be compelled to fully disclose all private information. By contrast, the to-be-negotiated wholesale price can be potentially affected by manufacturer disclosure or concealment. This can represent a countervailing force for equilibrium revelation to be imperfect, even when disclosure is costless. Thus partial unraveling may emerge if and only if no enforceable contract has been signed (i.e., contracting is delayed). Conversely, partial unraveling can endogenously influence ex ante preferences for contract timing. Therefore, contracting may be deliberately delayed even without learning/cost considerations. Moreover, equilibrium contract timing can be socially too early to alleviate channel distortions, and bilateral bargaining can align private and social preferences for delayed contracting. This paper was accepted by Dmitri Kuksov, marketing.
The Wisdom of the Crowd When Acquiring Information Is Costly
Authors: Glazer Jacob , Kremer Ilan , Perry Motty 
Published: January 2021

We consider a sequential investment process that is characteristic of crowdfunding platforms, among other contexts. Investors wish to avoid the cost of information acquisition and thus prefer to rely on information acquired by previous investors. This may lead to a phenomenon similar to an information cascade. We characterize the optimal policy that balances between the incentive to acquire information and the optimal investment decision. The policy is based on time-varying transparency levels such that it may be worthwhile to conceal some information in some periods. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
Lesiones malignas de la piel en trabajadores del sector pesquero: Revisión sistemática
Authors: Muñoz-Cobo-Orosa Beatriz , Varela-Serrano Claudia , Rodriguez-Ledott Mercedes , Sanz-Valero Javier 
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Revisar la literatura científica relacionada con los efectos de la exposición ocupacional a factores de riesgo para neoplasias cutáneas en trabajadores del sector pesquero.
Método: Análisis crítico de los trabajos recuperados mediante revisión sistemática en MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science y Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS). Se evaluó la calidad de los artículos seleccionados mediante el cuestionario STROBE.
Resultados: Al atribuir los criterios de inclusión y exclusión a la búsqueda, se aceptaron 11 estudios para su revisión. En 7 de ellos, se obtuvo una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre neoplasia cutánea y exposición ocupacional.
Conclusiones: Se observa una relación entre lesiones malignas y exposición a radiación ultravioleta en el ámbito laboral, no obstante, la existencia de posibles sesgos hace que los resultados deban de tomarse con precaución.
Case Study of Transportation Benefits Using GIS in Distributed Preprocessing of Corn Stover into Crude Biobutanol
Authors: Jackson Joshua J. , Montross Michael D. 
Published: January 2021

HighlightsTotal transportation costs were reduced by 32% to 63% with distributed biobutanol depots.An 8 km distance to the depot manifested the most desirable transportation costs.Across regions, biomass transport costs from field to depot were similar at equivalent distances.Abstract. The transportation efficiencies of centralized biomass processing facilities were compared to a proposed distributed preprocessing network with centralized refining facilities. Centralized biomass processing was defined as transport of baled corn stover directly from the field to the refinery. Distributed preprocessing with centralized refining was defined as transport of baled corn stover from the field to a biobutanol preprocessing depot and transport of completely dewatered crude biobutanol solution from the depot to a centralized refinery. For both systems, the locations of the corn fields, as identified through the cropland data layer, and of the refinery were fixed. For the distributed system, the biobutanol depot locations were variable and depended on different maximum transport distances (8 to 80 km) from the field to the depot. In this case study, site-specific transportation costs and biobutanol production capacities were developed for different agricultural regions in Kentucky. The distributed system produced a 32% to 63% reduction in total transportation cost with decreased (50% to 90%) fuel use as compared to the centralized system. The GIS transportation model demonstrated that on-farm biofuel production could be an effective means of producing biofuel and reducing transportation costs. Keywords: Biomass transport, Depot, Distributed biomass collection, GIS location-allocation, Minimize facilities, Satellite facilities.
Mid-infrared imaging through up-conversion luminescence in trivalent lanthanide ion-doped self-organizing optical fiber array crystal
Authors: Cadatal-Raduban Marilou , Yoshino Masao , Yokota Yuui , Yoshikawa Akira , Hayazawa Norihiko , Asano Daizo , Shinohara Keito , Shimizu Toshihiko , Sarukura Nobuhiko , Yamanoi Kohei 
Published: January 2021

We propose a scheme for imaging mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths via pre-excitation-assisted up-conversion luminescence in lanthanide ion (

L
n

3
+

)-doped Self-organizing Optical FIber Array (SOFIA) crystal. First, near-infrared pre-excitation wavelength excites an electron from the ground state to an excited state of

L
n

3
+

. Next, the MIR wavelength to be imaged promotes this excited electron to a higher-lying energy state. Finally, relaxation of the electron from the higher-lying energy state to the ground state emits the up-conversion luminescence in the visible region, completing the MIR-to-visible wavelength conversion. An analysis of the

4
f

to

4
f

intra-configurational energy level transitions in

L
n

3
+

, together with an appropriate selection of the pre-excitation wavelength and the visible luminescence constrained within the 500–700 nm wavelength range, reveals that trivalent erbium (

E
r

3
+

), thulium (

T
m

3
+

), holmium (

H
o

3
+

), and neodymium (

N
d

3
+

) can be used to image MIR wavelengths. Our proposed scheme, called MIR imAging through up-Conversion LuminEscence in a SOFIA crystal, will enable the imaging of MIR wavelengths using low-cost optics and readily available silicon-based detectors in the visible spectral region and will open up new possibilities for MIR wavelength detection and imaging.
Blanca Sol o el olvido de la «misión augusta y sublime de esposa y de madre»
Authors: Huaman Rubí 
Published: January 2021

La maternidad es uno de los temas más importantes en el siglo XIX, pues es la base de la familia en tanto que es el medio por el que se le otorga a la patria nuevos ciudadanos. Por ello, el presente artículo aborda el tema de la maternidad en la novela Blanca Sol (1889) de Mercedes Cabello de Carbonera. Nos proponemos demostrar que en esta obra se cristalizan las prácticas sociales de la élite que impiden concretar el discurso hegemónico sobre la maternidad republicana. Por un lado, desde el discurso oficial, se promueve una relación entre madre e hijo para garantizar su educación en pro de la nación; pero la capital limeña, en su proceso de modernización y camaleonización de París y las urbes europeas, ofrece diversos eventos y circunstancias que exigen a “las damas de mundo” descuidar o anular sus deberes maternales.
Aksjologiczno-prawna analiza plebiscytowego modelu budżetu partycypacyjnego (obywatelskiego) na przykładzie wybranych polskich miast
Authors: Zawadzka-Pąk Urszula Kinga 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this article is to conduct an axiological and legal analysis of the most popular model of participatory (civic) budgeting in Poland (the plebiscite model). According to the adopted hypothesis, some legal and practical solutions concerning the plebiscite model strengthen public values, while others weaken them. In the research, the combination of three coherent methods was used: (i) a literature analysis, (ii) the dogmatic and legal method, and (iii) interviews conducted with municipal officials responsible for the organization of participatory budgeting (PB), municipal councillors and residents (BP participants). The research covers six Polish cities: Sopot, Gdańsk, Białystok, Kraków, Opole and Warsaw. The axiological and legal analysis of the principles and mode of BP was made using a catalogue of nodal public values, namely values with a significant number of related values (including: human dignity, sustainability, citizen involvement, openness, secrecy, compromise, integrity, and robustness). The research leads to the conclusion that the plebiscite BP in Poland is not axiologically neutral, its principles and mode have both a positive and negative impact on particular nodal public values. The scale of negative impact is definitely greater than the scale of the positive one, although, obviously, the assessment in this respect, even if supported by arguments and scientific analysis, will always remain at least partly subjective.