bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does preemptive transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt improve survival after acute variceal bleeding? Systematic review, meta‐analysis, and trial sequential analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Hussain Ikram , Wong Yu Jun , Lohan Rahul , Lin Su , Kumar Rahul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimA preemptive transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (p‐TIPSS) after acute variceal bleeding (AVB) is advocated. However, when compared with the current standard of care, the survival benefit of p‐TIPSS is questionable. We performed a systematic review, meta‐analysis, and trial sequential analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs) to assess the survival benefit of p‐TIPSS in patients with cirrhosis and AVB.MethodsComprehensive literature search of three bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane) was conducted from inception till May 2021. All study types evaluating the survival benefit of p‐TIPSS in AVB were considered for inclusion. The relative risk (RR) of mortality and rebleeding at 6 weeks and mortality at 1 year with a random‐effects model was computed. Trial sequential analysis was performed for the primary outcome of 6‐week mortality.ResultsA total of nine studies (four RCTs and five cohort studies) comprising 2861 patients with AVB were included. The overall pooled risks of mortality at 6 weeks and 1 year were 17.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.5–19.3%) and 26.7% (95% CI: 25.0–28.3%), respectively. Although p‐TIPSS was associated with lower 6‐week rebleeding risk (RR = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.13–0.29, I2 = 0%), data from pooled RCTs showed no significant difference in mortality at 6 weeks (RR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.08–1.36, I2 = 63%) or at 1 year (RR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.51–1.14, I2 = 30%). Using trial sequential analysis, required sample size to detect a 20% relative risk reduction in mortality at 6 weeks with p‐TIPSS was estimated to be 6317, which is beyond the total number of patients available for analysis.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis found that the available data from RCTs are insufficient to confer 6‐week mortality benefit with p‐TIPSS compared with standard of care; thus, adequately powered RCTs are required.
Toward a postbiotic era of microbiome science: Opportunities to advance immunotherapies for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nakatsu Geicho 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe microbiome has revolutionized the field of cancer immunology and checkpoint therapeutics for gastrointestinal malignancies. Combating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is a unique challenge due in part to chronic complications that arise from local and systemic metabolic dysfunctions. Gut microbial metabolites modulate key immunological processes that influence liver cancer susceptibility and resistance to ICB. This review discusses recent progresses in linking microbiota functions to HCC tumor immunity and highlights their therapeutic potential.
Fluid‐driven transformation of blueschist to vein eclogite during the Early Eocene in a subducted sliver of continental crust (Monte Emilius, Italian Western Alps)
Authors: Weber Sebastian , Hauke Matthias , Martinez Raul E. , Redler Charlotte , Münker Carsten , Froitzheim Nikolaus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the Penninic nappe stack of the Western Alps, high‐ to ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic ophiolites of the Zermatt‐Saas Zone are associated with slivers of continental crust. In one of these slivers, Monte Emilius, the overprinting of pre‐Alpine granulite‐facies rocks by subduction‐related, Alpine eclogite‐facies metamorphism can be studied. Mafic granulites were initially transformed into blueschists. In a second step, shear zones were developed in which the blueschists recrystallized to fine‐grained, foliated glaucophane eclogites, and eclogite veins. The combination of petrographic and field observations as well as whole‐rock compositions suggests that the eclogite assemblage formed only in shear zones where Ca‐metasomatism induced a change in major element composition. These substantial differences in bulk rock composition demonstrate how spatially limited eclogitization may be controlled by chemical redistribution, the degree of fabric development, and associated metamorphic reactions along fluid pathways. Thermodynamic modelling of selected bulk rock compositions yielded only slightly different conditions of 1.8 ± 0.1 GPa/550 ± 50°C for blueschist and 1.9–2.3 GPa/550 ± 50°C for eclogite, constraining Ca‐rich fluid infiltration and transformation to a depth of ~60–70 km. Eclogitization occurred in the Early Eocene at 52.96 ± 0.91 Ma, as indicated by a well‐defined Lu–Hf garnet isochron.
First visualisation of bacterial biofilms in 3D porous media with neutron microtomography without contrast agent
Authors: Rolland du Roscoat Sabine , Ivankovic Tomislav , Lenoir Nicolas , Dekic Svjetlana , Martins Jean M.F. , Geindreau Christian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCharacterising bacterial biofilm growth in porous media is important for developing reliable numerical models of biofouling in industrial biofilters. One of the promising imaging methods to do that has been a recent successful application of X‐ray microtomography. However, this technique requires a contrast agent (1‐chloronaphtalene, for example) to distinguish biofilm from the liquid phase, which raises concern about biofilm disruption and impaired image interpretation. To overcome these drawbacks, we tested a new approach based on neutron tomography (NT), which does not need a contrast agent, by imaging two types of porous media (polytetrafluoroethylene – PTFE – and clay beads of various diameters) in glass or PTFE tubes in which bacterial biofilms were grown for 7 days and by comparing these images with the ones obtained with X‐ray microtomography. NT images showed that the biofilm formed preferentially around the beads and at bead/bead interface. Visual comparison of both imaging techniques showed consistent biofilm spatial distributions and that the contrasting agent did not significantly disrupt the biofilm. NT images, on the other hand, were still too noisy to allow quantitative measurements. Therefore, X‐ray microtomography (provided it uses non‐disruptive contrast agents) seems to provide more reliable microstructural descriptors.
Variables Impacting the Quality of Life of Dementia Caregivers: A Data Visualization Analysis
Authors: Lippe Megan , Crowder Addison , Carter Patricia , Threadgill A. Hunter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeVisually explore the rates of and relationships between overall physical and mental health, sleep disturbances, and depression rates in a single sample of caregivers of persons with dementia, caregivers of persons with other chronic illness, and non‐caregiving adults.DesignExploratory descriptive study utilizing data visualization methods.MethodsData were analyzed from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System dataset. Multiple graphs and charts were developed to visualize data between groups. Descriptive statistics analyzed the rates of variables of interest across the three groups. One‐way analysis of variance assessed relationships between variables.ResultsCaregivers of persons with dementia and of other chronic illnesses reported poorer health outcomes as compared to non‐caregiving adults. However, caregivers of persons with other chronic illnesses reported the worst outcomes of all groups. Depression and sleep disturbances were prevalent in all three groups.ConclusionsThe quality of life of caregivers of persons with dementia and chronic illness is impacted by poorer health outcomes, specifically mental health and sleep.Clinical RelevanceFindings support the need for caregiver‐specific interventions that target overall physical and mental health, depression, and sleep disturbances. However, we also found support for mental health and sleep interventions for all individuals.
Historical grounding, political contexts, material hurdles: Towards more in‐depth understandings of ‘finance going farming’
Authors: Sippel Sarah Ruth 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwo recently published books—Fairbairn's Fields of Gold and Ouma's Farming as a Financial Asset—now provide the first extensive investigations into finance's engagement with farmland. Both books set out to understand finance's growing interest in farmland from the perspective of the financial actors involved, and inquire how, why, and with what kind of challenges ‘finance has been going farming.’ This review essay discusses the two books in the context of the ‘land rush’ literature. It outlines how they contribute to an advanced understanding of the financialization of farmland in three ways, by (i) embedding finance‐farmland intersections historically; (ii) scrutinizing the role of the state within financial farmland investments; and (iii) exploring the hurdles involved in ‘marrying’ finance with farmland. I then critically reflect on the areas that have not been covered by the authors. Critical agrarian studies need to investigate how financialization intersects with the digitization of agriculture, examine life expectancies and afterlives of financialized farms, further ground financial investment in concrete rural spaces, and explore individual motivations and belief systems of its proponents more seriously.
Can thiol‐disulfide balance be an indicator of oxidative stress for hyperhidrosis?
Authors: Akbaş Ayşe , Kılınç Fadime 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundHyperhidrosis is responsible for various causes. The increased reactive oxygen radical production with insufficient antioxidant mechanism capacity may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of hyperhidrosis. It is probable to gather data about oxidative stress by detecting plasma thiol/disulfide ratio.The aim of this study was to determine whether thiol‐disulfide balance changes in patients with hyperhidrosis.MethodsThe files of patients who were diagnosed with hyperhidrosis in the dermatology outpatient clinic between 2015 and 2018 and whose native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide values were examined for any reason were examined.ResultsSeventy‐three patients were included in the study. 33 of the patients with hyperhidrosis were primary.Mean age; for primary hyperhidrosis patients (PHH) = 26.36 ± 7.61, primary hyperhidrosis (PHH) control group = 27.16 ± 7.94; secondary hyperhidrosis (SHH) patients = 47.88 ± 12.29, SHH control (45.40 ± 12.02). The native thiol values of PHH (469.93 ± 56.82 μmol/L) were higher than SHH (440.64 ± 62.72) (p = 0.024).However, as a result of thiol‐disulfide comparison between hyperhidrosis patients (PHH and SHH) and control groups, disulfide levels increased (p = 0.04). In the PHH group, total thiol was measured as 512 ± 54.84 μmol/L, and SHH was measured as 484.11 ± 58.9 μmol/L, (p = 0.074).ConclusionSerum thiol levels in SHH increased more than PHH. As a result of thiol‐disulfide comparison between hyperhidrosis patients and control groups, the balance shifted in favor of disulfide and oxidative side.
Are human resource practices the key to managing job burnout in New Zealand nurses? Testing a path model
Authors: Haar Jarrod , Mowat Rebecca M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo explore if human resource practices are the key to manage job burnout in nurses.ObjectiveTo determine if human resource practices provide more meaningful work to nurses, subsequently leading to enhanced work–life balance and lower job burnout (emotional exhaustion and cynicism).BackgroundJob burnout is a global phenomenon, particularly relevant in the nursing profession due to pressures within the health sector. Job burnout is also a result of nurses not balancing work with their life roles and maintaining meaning in one's work. High‐performance systems are tools that hospital human resource departments can use to increase core employee factors that ultimately reduce the risk of job burnout.MethodsUsing cross‐sectional data from 114 New Zealand nurses, we tested a path model to distinguish whether human resource practices can influence job burnout, with meaningful work and work–life balance mediating. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling and indirect effects for mediating. This research adhered to the STROBE Statement.ResultsHuman resource practices are positively related to meaningful work and work–life balance, and meaningful work was positively related to work–life balance and negatively related to cynicism. Finally, work–life balance is negatively related to emotional exhaustion and cynicism.ConclusionsGiven the influence of human resource practices on job burnout is fully mediated by meaningful work and work–life balance, indicating that managing job burnout is best understood via human resource practices enhancing nurses meaning from work and role balance, which subsequently reduces job burnout.Relevance to clinical practiceHuman resource practices can enhance work factors, such as meaningful work and work–life balance, that can enable nurses to have reduced job burnout. This will help prevent cynicism, exhaustion and will therefore prevent absenteeism, enhance performance and overall aid long‐term employment benefitting not only patients but hospitals.
Evaluation of and the prognostic factors for cats with big kidney‐little kidney syndrome
Authors: Wu Yen‐Tse , Hung Wan‐Chu , Huang Po‐Yao , Tsai Han‐Ju , Wu Ching‐Ho , Lee Ya‐Jane 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe term big kidney‐little kidney syndrome in cats has been used for many years, but the definitions are not consistent and relevant research is limited.ObjectiveTo determine the factors that differ between normal and BKLK cats, as well as to develop models for predicting the 30‐day survival of cats with ureteral obstruction (UO).AnimalsSixteen healthy cats and 64 cats with BKLK.MethodsRetrospective study. To define BKLK by reference to data from clinically healthy cats. The demographic and clinicopathological data among groups were statistically analyzed.ResultsBig kidney‐little kidney syndrome cats had higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (median [interquartile range] 69 [28‐162] vs 21 [19–24] mg/dL,P < .001), creatinine (5.6 [1.9‐13.3] vs 1.3 [1.05‐1.40] mg/dL,P < .001), and white blood cells (10 800 [7700‐17 500] vs 6500 [4875‐9350] /μL,P < .001) and lower hematocrit (32.8 [27.1‐38.4] vs 39.1 [38.1‐40.4]%,P < .001), urine specific gravity (1.011 [1.009‐1.016] vs 1.049 [1.044‐1.057],P < .001) and pH (5.88 [5.49‐6.44] vs 6.68 [6.00‐7.18],P = .001) compared to the control cats. A lower body temperature (BT; 38.1 [37.9‐38.2] vs 38.7 [38.3‐39.2]°C,P = .009), higher BUN (189 [150‐252] vs 91 [36‐170] mg/dL,P = .04), and creatinine (15.4 [13.3‐17.4] vs 9.0 [3.1‐14.2] mg/dL,P = .03) were found among the UO cats that were not 30‐day survivors. A combination of BUN, phosphorus, and BT can predict 30‐day survival among UO cats with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.863. (P = .01).ConclusionAn increase in the length difference between kidneys can indicate UO, but cannot predict outcome for BKLK cats.
Dispersal patterns in black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra): Integrating multiyear demographic and molecular data
Authors: Van Belle Sarie , Di Fiore Anthony 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDispersal is a fundamental process in the functioning of animal societies as it regulates the degree to which closely related individuals are spatially concentrated. A species’ dispersal pattern can be complex as it emerges from individuals’ decisions shaped by the cost–benefit tradeoffs associated with either remaining in the natal group or dispersing. Given the potential complexity, combining long‐term demographic information with molecular data can provide important insights into dispersal patterns of a species. Based on a 15‐year study that integrates multiyear demographic data on six groups with longitudinal and cross‐sectional genetic sampling of 20 groups (N = 169 individuals, N = 21 polymorphic microsatellite loci), we describe the various dispersal strategies of male and female black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) inhabiting Palenque National Park, Mexico. Genetically confirmed dispersal events (N = 21 of 59 males; N = 6 of 65 females) together with spatial autocorrelation analyses revealed that the dispersal pattern of black howlers is bisexual with strong sex‐biases in both dispersal rate (males disperse more often than females) and dispersal distance (females disperse farther than males). Observational and genetic data confirm that both males and females can successfully immigrate into established groups, as well as form new groups with other dispersing individuals. Additionally, both males and females may disperse singly, as well as in pairs, and both may also disperse secondarily. Overall, our findings suggest multiple dispersal trajectories for black howler males and females, and longer multiyear studies are needed to unravel which demographic, ecological and social factors underlie individuals’ decisions about whether to disperse and which dispersal options to take.
The shift from disbelieving underperformance to recognising failure: A tipping point model
Authors: Gingerich Andrea , Sebok‐Syer Stefanie S. , Lingard Lorelei , Watling Christopher J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractContextComing face to face with a trainee who needs to be failed is a stern test for many supervisors. In response, supervisors have been encouraged to report evidence of failure through numerous assessment redesigns. And yet, there are lingering signs that some remain reluctant to engage in assessment processes that could alter a trainee's progression in the programme. Failure is highly consequential for all involved and, although rare, requires explicit study. Recent work identified a phase of disbelief that preceded identification of underperformance. What remains unknown is how supervisors come to recognise that a trainee needs to be failed.MethodsFollowing constructivist grounded theory methodology, 42 physicians and surgeons in British Columbia, Canada shared their experiences supervising trainees who profoundly underperformed, required extensive remediation or were dismissed from the programme. We identified recurring themes using an iterative, constant comparative process.ResultsThe shift from disbelieving underperformance to recognising failure involves three patterns: accumulation of significant incidents, discovery of an egregious error after negligible deficits or illumination of an overlooked deficit when pointed out by someone else. Recognising failure was accompanied by anger, certainty and a sense of duty to prevent harm.ConclusionComing to the point of recognising that a trainee needs to fail is akin to the psychological process of a tipping point where people first realise that noise is signal and cross a threshold where the pattern is no longer an anomaly. The co‐occurrence of anger raises the possibility for emotions to be a driver of, and not only a barrier to, recognising failure. This warrants caution because tipping points, and anger, can impede detection of improvement. Our findings point towards possibilities for supporting earlier identification of underperformance and overcoming reluctance to report failure along with countermeasures to compensate for difficulties in detecting improvement once failure has been verified.
Water stress and disruption of mycorrhizas induce parallel shifts in phyllosphere microbiome composition
Authors: Debray Reena , Socolar Yvonne , Kaulbach Griffin , Guzman Aidee , Hernandez Catherine A. , Curley Rose , Dhond Alexander , Bowles Timothy , Koskella Britt 
Published: October 2021

Summary

Water and nutrient acquisition are key drivers of plant health and ecosystem function. These factors impact plant physiology directly as well as indirectly through soil‐ and root‐associated microbial responses, but how they in turn affect aboveground plant–microbe interactions are not known.

Through experimental manipulations in the field and growth chamber, we examine the interacting effects of water stress, soil fertility, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on bacterial and fungal communities of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) phyllosphere.

Both water stress and mycorrhizal disruption reduced leaf bacterial richness, homogenized bacterial community composition among plants, and reduced the relative abundance of dominant fungal taxa. We observed striking parallelism in the individual microbial taxa in the phyllosphere affected by irrigation and mycorrhizal associations.

Our results show that soil conditions and belowground interactions can shape aboveground microbial communities, with important potential implications for plant health and sustainable agriculture.
Thromboembolic and bleeding risks in edoxaban patients with pacemaker and cardiac monitoring procedures: Outcomes of the Global EMIT program
Authors: Unverdorben Martin , von Heymann Christian , Santamaria Amparao , Saxena Manish , Vanassche Thomas , Wilkins Robert , Jin James , Chen Cathy , Colonna Paolo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionLimited data were published on the management of direct oral anticoagulants in the insertion of pacemaker and cardiac monitoring devices. This study describes the management and outcomes of edoxaban, a direct oral factor Xa inhibitor, in patients undergoing pacemaker or monitoring device implantation in routine clinical practice.Methods and ResultsEMIT‐AF/VTE collected data of patients from Europe, Korea, and Taiwan. Timing and duration of periprocedural interruption of edoxaban were at the treating physician's discretion. Pacemakers or monitoring devices were implanted into 136 patients who were evaluated from 5 days pre‐ until 30 days post‐procedure. The primary outcomes were the incidences of acute thromboembolic events (ATE), ischemic events, and International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis‐defined Major Bleeding; secondary outcomes included incidence of clinically relevant non‐major bleeding (CRNMB) and perioperative edoxaban interruption times. Conformance with European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) Guidance on interruption of direct oral anticoagulant therapy was variable: of the cardiac monitoring device patients, where no interruption of therapy would be expected, nonetheless, 62.5% had interruption of treatment, whereas in pacemaker procedures, where interruption would be expected, 23.4% had no interruption. No ATE or ischemic events occurred. One case of CRNMB and two of minor bleeding occurred. All bleedings occurred more than 3 days after the procedure.Conclusion/RelevanceThe periprocedural complication risk for edoxaban treated patients undergoing pacemaker or invasive cardiac monitoring implantation was low. This population of patients was well managed in routine practice.