bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquired olfactory loss alters functional connectivity and morphology
Authors: Iravani Behzad , Peter Moa G. , Arshamian Artin , Olsson Mats J. , Hummel Thomas , Kitzler Hagen H. , Lundström Johan N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRemoving function from a developed and functional sensory system is known to alter both cerebral morphology and functional connections. To date, a majority of studies assessing sensory-dependent plasticity have focused on effects from either early onset or long-term sensory loss and little is known how the recent sensory loss affects the human brain. With the aim of determining how recent sensory loss affects cerebral morphology and functional connectivity, we assessed differences between individuals with acquired olfactory loss (duration 7–36 months) and matched healthy controls in their grey matter volume, using multivariate pattern analyses, and functional connectivity, using dynamic connectivity analyses, within and from the olfactory cortex. Our results demonstrate that acquired olfactory loss is associated with altered grey matter volume in, among others, posterior piriform cortex, a core olfactory processing area, as well as the inferior frontal gyrus and angular gyrus. In addition, compared to controls, individuals with acquired anosmia displayed significantly stronger dynamic functional connectivity from the posterior piriform cortex to, among others, the angular gyrus, a known multisensory integration area. When assessing differences in dynamic functional connectivity from the angular gyrus, individuals with acquired anosmia had stronger connectivity from the angular gyrus to areas primary responsible for basic visual processing. These results demonstrate that recently acquired sensory loss is associated with both changed cerebral morphology within core olfactory areas and increase dynamic functional connectivity from olfactory cortex to cerebral areas processing multisensory integration.
Expression of a human cDNA in moss results in spliced mRNAs and fragmentary protein isoforms
Authors: Top Oguz , Milferstaedt Stella W. L. , van Gessel Nico , Hoernstein Sebastian N. W. , Özdemir Bugra , Decker Eva L. , Reski Ralf 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProduction of biopharmaceuticals relies on the expression of mammalian cDNAs in host organisms. Here we show that the expression of a human cDNA in the mossPhyscomitrium patensgenerates the expected full-length and four additional transcripts due to unexpected splicing. This mRNA splicing results in non-functional protein isoforms, cellular misallocation of the proteins and low product yields. We integrated these results together with the results of our analysis of all 32,926 protein-encoding Physcomitrella genes and their 87,533 annotated transcripts in a web application, physCO, for automatized optimization. A thus optimized cDNA results in about twelve times more protein, which correctly localizes to the ER. An analysis of codon preferences of different production hosts suggests that similar effects occur also in non-plant hosts. We anticipate that the use of our methodology will prevent so far undetected mRNA heterosplicing resulting in maximized functional protein amounts for basic biology and biotechnology.
Tailoring the evolution of BL21(DE3) uncovers a key role for RNA stability in gene expression toxicity
Authors: Heyde Sophia A. H. , Nørholm Morten H. H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGene expression toxicity is an important biological phenomenon and a major bottleneck in biotechnology. Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) is the most popular choice for recombinant protein production, and various derivatives have been evolved or engineered to facilitate improved yield and tolerance to toxic genes. However, previous efforts to evolve BL21, such as the Walker strains C41 and C43, resulted only in decreased expression strength of the T7 system. This reveals little about the mechanisms at play and constitutes only marginal progress towards a generally higher producing cell factory. Here, we restrict the solution space for BL21(DE3) to evolve tolerance and isolate a mutant strain Evo21(DE3) with a truncation in the essential RNase E. This suggests that RNA stability plays a central role in gene expression toxicity. The evolved rne truncation is similar to a mutation previously engineered into the commercially available BL21Star(DE3), which challenges the existing assumption that this strain is unsuitable for expressing toxic proteins. We isolated another dominant mutation in a presumed substrate binding site of RNase E that improves protein production further when provided as an auxiliary plasmid. This makes it easy to improve other BL21 variants and points to RNases as prime targets for cell factory optimisation.
Peeling graphite layer by layer reveals the charge exchange dynamics of ions inside a solid
Authors: Niggas Anna , Creutzburg Sascha , Schwestka Janine , Wöckinger Benjamin , Gupta Tushar , Grande Pedro L. , Eder Dominik , Marques José P. , Bayer Bernhard C. , Aumayr Friedrich , Bennett Robert , Wilhelm Richard A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOver seventy years ago, Niels Bohr described how the charge state of an atomic ion moving through a solid changes dynamically as a result of electron capture and loss processes, eventually resulting in an equilibrium charge state. Although obvious, this process has so far eluded direct experimental observation. By peeling a solid, such as graphite, layer by layer, and studying the transmission of highly charged ions through single-, bi- and trilayer graphene, we can now observe dynamical changes in ion charge states with monolayer precision. In addition we present a first-principles approach based on the virtual photon model for interparticle energy transfer to corroborate our findings. Our model that uses a Gaussian shaped dynamic polarisability rather than a spatial delta function is a major step in providing a self-consistent description for interparticle de-excitation processes at the limit of small separations.
The role of basement membranes in cardiac biology and disease
Authors: Boland Erin , Quondamatteo Fabio , Van Agtmael Tom 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are highly specialised extracellular matrix (ECM) structures that within the heart underlie endothelial cells (ECs) and surround cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. They generate a dynamic and structurally supportive environment throughout cardiac development and maturation by providing physical anchorage to the underlying interstitium, structural support to the tissue, and by influencing cell behaviour and signalling. While this provides a strong link between BM dysfunction and cardiac disease, the role of the BM in cardiac biology remains under-researched and our understanding regarding the mechanistic interplay between BM defects and their morphological and functional consequences remain important knowledge-gaps. In this review, we bring together emerging understanding of BM defects within the heart including in common cardiovascular pathologies such as contractile dysfunction and highlight some key questions that are now ready to be addressed.
Importance of Setting Up Reference Intervals and Multiple of Medians
(MoM)
Authors: Nanda Rachita 
Published: August 2021

Dear Sir,I was interested in the article of Kianpour et al. on reference intervals for thyroid
hormones during the first trimester of gestation from an area with sufficient iodine
level 1. The unavailability of data in this
population had triggered this study where 436 pregnant and 444 non-pregnant women
were recruited. I appreciate the great effort taken by the authors to recruit such a
large population for the study. Following screening as per exclusion criteria 291
pregnant women were eliminated and thus the data of 145 pregnant was included for
analysis. However, the article mentions the analysis of samples of 185 patients. The
authors have also calculated the multiples of medians (MoM) to unitise different
laboratory reports.
7 Tesla Chlorine (35Cl) and Sodium (23Na) MR Imaging of an Enchondroma
Authors: Weber Marc-André , Seyler Lisa , Nagel Armin M. 
Published: August 2021

We demonstrated the feasibility of 7 Tesla sodium (23Na) and chlorine (35Cl) MRI of a solitary enchondroma. For this, we established dedicated sequences on a 7-Tesla whole-body system with the following key parameters for 35Cl MRI: TE/TR = 0.35/60 ms, TRO = 5 ms, α = 90°, Δx3 = (6 mm)3, 3 averages, Tacq = 30 min and for 23Na MRI: TE/TR = 0.4/101 ms, TRO = 10ms; α = 90°; Δx3 = (1.9 mm)3, 3 averages, Tacq = 30 min 18 s. The measured apparent Na+ concentration was 255 mmol/l and was approximately 7-fold higher than the apparent Cl– concentration with about 36 mmol/l. Additionally, repeated proton MRI examinations demonstrated constant but subtle growth (≈ 0.65 ml/year) over 14 years. In conclusion, enchondromas obviously have a high contrast-to-noise ratio when compared with the normal bone marrow in 23Na and 35Cl MRI, which may contribute to detection and differentiation in unclear or subtle cases.
Key Points:

Citation Format
Associations of the Polymorphisms in ADIPOQ with Circulating
Levels of Adiponectin and Lipids: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Su Mi , Jia Aimei , He Yilan , Song Yongyan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe relationships between the rs266729, rs1501299, and rs2241766 polymorphisms in
adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and circulating levels of adiponectin and
lipids remain to be clarified. Databases including PubMed and Embase were
searched for eligible studies. The random-effects model was used, and
standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was
calculated to estimate the differences in circulating levels of adiponectin and
lipids between the subjects with different genotypes. A total of 12 810, 17 319,
and 21 361 subjects were identified in the analyses for the rs266729, rs1501299,
and rs2241766 polymorphisms, respectively. G allele carriers of the rs266729
polymorphism had lower levels of adiponectin (SMD=–0.28,
95% CI=–0.43 to–0.12) and high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (SMD=–0.10, 95%
CI=–0.17 to–0.02) than CC homozygotes; T allele carriers
of the rs1501299 polymorphism had higher levels of adiponectin
(SMD=0.21, 95% CI=0.05 to 0.36) and HDL-C
(SMD=0.09, 95% CI=0.04 to 0.15) and lower levels of
triglycerides (SMD=–0.06, 95% CI=–0.12
to–0.01) than GG homozygotes; G allele carriers of the rs2241766
polymorphism had lower levels of adiponectin (SMD=–0.18,
95% CI=–0.31 to–0.05) and HDL-C
(SMD=–0.12, 95% CI=–0.20
to–0.04) than TT homozygotes. This meta-analysis suggests that the
rs266729, rs1501299, and rs2241766 polymorphisms of ADIPOQ are
significantly associated with circulating levels of adiponectin and lipids,
which may partly explain the associations between these polymorphisms and
coronary artery disease.
A [4+3] Cycloaddition Reaction of Aza-ortho-quinone Methides with C,N-Cyclic Azomethine Imines for Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazepines
Authors: Hou Yunlei , Gong Ping , Wang Xinyue , Li Zefei , Feng Chang , Zhen Qi , Guo Mingzhang , Yao Yaning , Zou Xinyu , Wang Pengfei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe base-induced formal [4+3] cycloaddition reaction of C,N-cyclic azomethine imines with aza-ortho-quinone methides, generated in situ, is reported. This protocol provided an efficient method for the synthesis of biologically important 1,2,4-triazepine derivatives, with a wide substrate scope and excellent functional-group tolerance, and it gives moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions. Several of the derivatives exhibited in vitro antitumor activities against the A2780 cell line in a screening of the cancer cell lines HCT-116, H2228, and A2780 by an MTT assay.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of (3R,5R)-γ-Hydroxypiperazic Acid
Authors: Del Valle Juan R. , Gerrein Taylor A. , Elbatrawi Yassin M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe report an asymmetric synthesis of the (3R,5R)-γ-hydroxypiperazic acid (γ-OHPiz) residue encountered in several bioactive nonribosomal peptides. Our strategy relies on a diastereoselective enolate hydroxylation reaction and electrophilic N-amination to provide the acyclic γ-OHPiz precursor. This orthogonally protected α-hydrazino acid intermediate is amenable to late-stage diazinane ring formation following incorporation into a peptide chain. We determined the N-terminal amide rotamer propensity of the γ-OHPiz residue and showed that the γ-OH substituent enhances trans-amide bias relative to piperazic acid.
Análise de terminações nervosas no complexo labrum-bíceps superior usando imunohistoquímica de fluorescência e microscopia a laser confocal
Authors: Cavalcante Maria L. C. , Fernandes Eduardo G. , Pinheiro Júnior José A. , Jamacaru Francisco Vagnaldo F. , Coelho José Victor de V. , Leite José Alberto Dias 
Published: August 2021

Resumo
Objetivos As estruturas capsulo-ligamentares do ombro funcionam como estabilizadores estáticos, juntamente com os músculos do bíceps e do manguito rotador, aumentando a superfície de contato da cavidade glenoide. Terminações nervosas livres e mecanorreceptores foram identificados no ombro; no entanto, existem alguns estudos que descrevem a presença desses nervos na inserção do bíceps. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a morfologia e distribuição de terminações nervosas utilizando imunofluorescência com protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) e microscopia confocal.
Métodos Foram estudados seis complexos labrum-bíceps de seis cadáveres congelados frescos. Os espécimes foram cortados coronalmente e preparados pelo método de imunofluorescência. Tanto em hematoxilina e eosina (H&E) quanto em imunofluorescência, foi descrita a organização do tecido conjuntivo com fibras paralelas de colágeno.
Resultados No estudo de H&E, foram visualizadas estruturas vasculares e algumas estruturas nervosas, que foram identificadas pela presença alongada da célula nervosa. Todas as amostras analisadas com imunofluorescência e microscopia confocal demonstraram baixa ocorrência de morfotipos de corpúsculos sensoriais e terminações nervosas livres. Identificamos terminações nervosas livres localizadas no labrum, inserção bicipital e terminações nervosas esparsas ao longo do tendão. Terminais corpusculares com aspecto fusiforme, cuneiforme e oval foram identificados no tendão.
Conclusão Esses achados corroboram a hipótese de que a geração de dor nas lesões labrais superiores de anterior a posterior (SLAP, na sigla em inglês) deriva da parte mais proximal do cabo longo do bíceps e ainda mais do labrum superior. Estudos quantitativos futuros com um número maior de espécimes podem fornecer mais informações sobre esses sistemas sensoriais.
Minimally Invasive Subfrontal Approach: How to Make it Safe and Effective from the Olfactory Groove to the Mesial Temporal Lobe
Authors: Mattogno Pier Paolo , Guerrini Francesco , Nicolosi Federico , Panciani Pierpaolo , Olivi Alessandro , Fontanella Marco , Spena Giannantonio 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Different surgical approaches have been developed to manage lesions of the anterior and middle skull base areas. Frontal, pterional, bifrontal, and fronto-orbito-zygomatic approaches are traditionally used to reach these regions. With advancements in the neurosurgical field, skull opening should be simple and as minimally invasive as possible, tailored on the surgical corridor to the target. The supraorbital approach and the “keyhole” concept have been introduced and popularized by Axel Perneczky starting from 1998 and are now considered a part of everyday practice. The extended possibilities of this surgical route, considering the reachable targets and surgical limits, are described and systematically analyzed, including a description of the salient surgical anatomy, presenting different illustrative cases.
Methods and Results Different illustrative cases are presented and discussed to underline the potentials and limits of the minimally invasive subfrontal approach (MISFA) and the possibilities to tailoring the craniotomy on the basis of the targets: extra-axial lesions with different localizations (anterior roof of the orbit, olfactory groove, tuberculum sellae, medial third of the sphenoid wing, anterior and posterior clinoid process), deeper intra-axial lesions (gyrus rectus, medial temporal lobe-uncus-amygdala-anterior hippocampus), and vascular lesions (anterior communicating aneurysm). Each case has been preoperatively planned considering the anatomical and radiologic features and using virtual simulation software to tailor the best possible corridor to reach the surgical target.
Conclusions The MISFA is a safe multicorridor approach that can be used efficiently to manage lesions of the anterior and middle skull base areas with extremely low approach-related morbidity.
Uso de prototipagem rápida no planejamento de reconstruções da artroplastia total do quadril: Uma ferramenta para ensino
Authors: Girotto Marina Cornelli , Lucena Rafael de Luca de , Schwartsmann Carlos Roberto , Ungaretti Neto Ary da Silva , Introini Gisele Orlandi , Spinelli Leandro de Freitas 
Published: August 2021

ResumoO objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar como os biomodelos podem servir como ferramenta de ensino para o esclarecimento de técnicas cirúrgicas e o treinamento em um serviço de residência médica.Foram realizadas séries de casos em nosso ambulatório de ortopedia e traumatologia, nos quais o uso da prototipagem para o planejamento cirúrgico contribuiu para o ensino cirúrgico e treinamento de médicos residentes. Dois casos foram selecionados como exemplo neste artigo.O uso de biomodelos permite um melhor entendimento da cirurgia pela equipe cirúrgica e pelos residentes, e diminui o tempo e os riscos cirúrgicos aos pacientes.O uso de biomodelos no planejamento de reconstruções da artroplastia total do quadril pode servir como um bom método de ensino, para a avaliação e previsão das dificuldades no momento da cirurgia, e para otimizar os procedimentos.
Avaliação da reprodutibilidade da classificação de Schatzker revisada por Kfuri para as fraturas do planalto tibial
Authors: Mansur Henrique , Corrêa Victor Luiz Bastos , Abdo Bruno , Ramos Lucas Sacramento , Castiglia Marcello Teixeira 
Published: August 2021

ResumoObjetivo A classificação de Schatzker é a mais utilizada para as fraturas do planalto tibial. Kfuri et al.12 revisaram a classificação inicial de Schatzker descrevendo com mais detalhes o envolvimento do planalto tibial no plano coronal, permitindo uma melhor compreensão do padrão de fratura e um planejamento cirúrgico mais acurado. Os objetivos do presente estudo são avaliar a concordância inter-observador dessas classificações e avaliar a influência da experiência dos observadores na reprodutibilidade dos instrumentos.Métodos Foi realizado um estudo observacional e retrospectivo, por meio da avaliação do estudo radiológico de 20 indivíduos adultos com fraturas do planalto tibial, incluindo radiografias e tomografia computadorizada (TC). As fraturas foram classificadas 1 vez por 34 examinadores com experiência variada (24 especialistas e 10 residentes em Ortopedia e Traumatologia), de acordo com a classificação de Schatzker e com a modificação proposta por Kfuri. O índice Kappa de Fleiss foi usado para verificar a concordância interobservadores.Resultados O índice de concordância inter-observador foi considerado moderado para a classificação de Schatzker (κ = 0,46) e leve para a modificação de Kfuri (κ = 0,30). A classificação de Schatzker apresentou concordância moderada, com κ = 0,52 para residentes e κ = 0,45 entre os especialistas. A classificação de Kfuri apresentou concordância leve com valores de Kappa para residentes e especialistas de 0,39 e 0,28, respectivamente.Conclusão A classificação de Schatzker e a classificação modificada por Kfuri apresentaram concordância interobservadores moderada e leve, respectivamente. Além disso, os residentes apresentaram concordâncias superiores aos especialistas para os dois sistemas estudados.
Enxerto osteoarticular livre de metatarso em reconstrução de tumor de células gigantes de metacarpo: Relato de dois casos e descrição de técnica
Authors: Gularte Luiz Fabiano Gomes 
Published: August 2021

ResumoOs tumores de células gigantes são neoplasias ósseas benignas, mas localmente agressivas, que contêm muitas células gigantes multinucleadas semelhantes aos osteoclastos. O autor relata o caso de dois pacientes com tumor de células gigantes nos metacarpos, dos quais um era multicêntrico. O tumor de células gigantes na mão é uma condição rara e, nesta localização, comumente apresenta-se em um estágio avançado, com extensa destruição óssea.Dessa maneira, sua ressecção de forma segura, associada a uma grande falha óssea resultante, representa um grande desafio ao ortopedista. As várias opções de tratamento descritas na literatura ocasionam severa perda estética e/ou funcional da mão. Pensando nisso, o autor descreve a técnica de tratamento por meio da transferência de enxerto osteoarticular livre de metatarso para o metacarpo, com bons resultados funcionais e estéticos.
Early Determination of TAPSE (Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion) Improves Early Identification of Pulmonary Thromboembolism and Management in the Female Population Presenting with Undifferentiated Dyspnea to the Emergency Department
Authors: Akula Hymavathi , Sharma Ashima , Jain K. Jeethender 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE) can present to emergency departments with various clinical symptoms. It can be easily missed. Although both sexes are equally susceptible to it, but factors associated with the use of oral contraceptives and hormonal therapy and pregnancy put the female population more at risk theoretically. Apart from gender-based differences, we have observed that early recognition of PE is dependent on many parameters, with varying degrees of accuracy. The gold standard CT pulmonary angiography is logistically impossible in an unstable patient. Estimation of TAPSE values by performing bedside echocardiography is found to be very sensitive and specific for PE. Our study denotes a cutoff point of 1.8 cm for females with PE and 1.07 cm for males with PE
Strengthening research integrity: which topic areas should organisations focus on?
Authors: Sørensen Mads P. , Ravn Tine , Marušić Ana , Elizondo Andrea Reyes , Kavouras Panagiotis , Tijdink Joeri K. , Bendtsen Anna-Kathrine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe widespread problems with scientific fraud, questionable research practices, and the reliability of scientific results have led to an increased focus on research integrity (RI). International organisations and networks have been established, declarations have been issued, and codes of conducts have been formed. The abstract principles of these documents are now also being translated into concrete topic areas that Research Performing organisations (RPOs) and Research Funding organisations (RFOs) should focus on. However, so far, we know very little about disciplinary differences in the need for RI support from RPOs and RFOs. The paper attempts to fill this knowledge gap. It reports on a comprehensive focus group study with 30 focus group interviews carried out in eight different countries across Europe focusing on the following research question: “Which RI topics would researchers and stakeholders from the four main areas of research (humanities, social science, natural science incl. technical science, and medical science incl. biomedicine) prioritise for RPOs and RFOs?” The paper reports on the results of these focus group interviews and gives an overview of the priorities of the four main areas of research. The paper ends with six policy recommendations and a reflection on how the results of the study can be used in RPOs and RFOs.