bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of Al2O3 on fayalite-based copper smelting slags in equilibrium with matte and tridymite at 1 2008C and P(SO2) = 0.25 atm
Authors: Hidayat Taufiq , Jak Evgueni , Fallah-Mehrjardi Ata , Hayesa Peter C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Experimental investigations have been undertaken to determine the effect of Al2O3in slag on the gas/slag/matte/tridymite equilibria in the multi-component Cu-Fe-O-S-Si-Al system at 1 200 8C, and P(SO2) = 0.25 atm. The experimental technique involves high temperature equilibration of synthetic samples on the open silica substrate in controlled gas atmospheres (CO/CO2/SO2/Ar), rapid quenching after a designated equilibration time followed by the compositional analysis of the condensed phases with electron probe X-ray microanalyzer. The experimental data of the present study provide information on the effect of alumina on the slag composition, such as the chemically dissolved copper, dissolved sulphur, and Fe/SiO2 ratio in slag at tridymite saturation at different Cu in matte. The new data have been used as inputs for the optimization of the thermodynamic databases for the copper-containing systems and can also be used to evaluate the fluxing strategy in the copper smelting operation.
Hot working of SP-700 titanium alloy with lamellar α + β starting structure using a processing map
Authors: Hosein Sheikhali Amir , Morakkabati Maryam 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, hot deformation behavior of SP-700 titanium alloy was investigated by hot compression tests in the temperature range of 700-9508C and at strain rates of 0.001, 0.1, and 1 s-1. Final mechanical properties of the alloy (hot compressed at different strain rates and temperatures) were investigated using a shear punch testing method at room temperature. The flow curves of the alloy indicated that the yield point phenomenon occurs in the temperature range of 800- 9508C and strain rates of 0.1 and 1 s-1. The microstructural analysis showed that dynamic globularization of the lamellar α phase starts at 7008C and completes at 8008C. The alpha phase was completely eliminated from b matrix due to deformation- induced transformation at 8508C. The microstructure of specimens compressed at 8508C and strain rates of 0.001 and 0.1 s-1showed the serration of beta grain boundaries, whereas partial dynamic recrystallization caused a necklace structure by increasing strain rate up to 1 s-1. The specimen deformed at 7008C and strain rate of 1 s-1was located in the instability region and localized shear bands formed due to the low thermal conductivity of the alloy. The processing map of the alloy exhibited a peak efficiency domain of 54% in the temperature range of 780-8108C and strain rates of 0.001- 0.008 s-1. The hot deformation activation energy of the alloy in the α/β region (305.5 kJ mol-1) was higher than that in the single-phase β region (165.2 kJ mol-1) due to the dynamic globularization of the lamellar a phase.
Phase transformations and microstructural evolution in nanocrystalline Fe71B23Nb6 alloy prepared by mechanical alloying
Authors: Chemingui Mahmoud , Mnasri Chahida , Nivot Christelle , Tricoteaux Arnaud , Lorgouilloux Yannick , Dammak Mohamed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A new nanocrystalline Fe71B23Nb6 alloy powder was prepared by mechanical alloying. The phase transformation and morphological and microstructural properties of the as-prepared alloy were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, laser granulometry, and X-ray diffraction with respect to the milling time (0- 200 h). During the milling process, it was observed that the dissolution of Nb and B atoms into the Fe matrix formed solid solutions of Fe (Nb), Fe (B), Fe23B6, Fe2B, and Fe (Nb, B). Moreover, the insertion of B atoms into the Nb network generated the Nb (B) phase. Furthermore, the minimum crystallite size was measured as approximately 1 nanometer. In addition, the dislocation density gradually increased with the extension of the milling time, and the crystallization of the partially amorphous phase occurred after 200 h of milling.
Effect of Al substitution for Ga on magnetostriction enhancement by annealing of as-cast Fe–Ga–Al alloys under low magnetic fields
Authors: Zhou Yan , Zhang Lifang , Zhao Dandan , Gong Jingyu , Zhu Wei , Liu Min , Wang Bowen , Wang Xiaolin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Samples of Fe82Ga18-xAlx (1.5 £ x £ 15) alloys were prepared using a high vacuum arc melting system and homogenized at 1100 8C for 3 h, 1 000 8C for 120 h, and 730 8C for 168 h. The Fe82Ga18-xAlx(3 £ x £ 13.5) alloys were annealed at 550 8C for 15 min, while being exposed to a low magnetic field. The structure of the alloys was analysed by X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. The magnetostriction coefficient of each of the samples was measured. It was found that the magnetostriction values of Fe82Ga18-xAlx(3 £ x £ 13.5) alloys were enhanced by magnetic field annealing. The magnetostrictive growth rate of the Fe82Ga15Al3sample was particularly large at 165%, and the Fe82Ga9Al9sample showed the highest magnetostrictive coefficient (up to 114 · 10-6) without compressive stress.
Appraisal of new density coefficient on integrated-nanoparticles concrete in nuclear protection
Authors: Ashoor M. , Khorshidi A. , Sarkhosh L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The most important material for shielding is concrete in nuclear facilities which performance can be improved by addition some Nanoparticles (NP) at the various concentrations. Nanoparticles, which have a distinctive potential for bio-radiation and shielding of nuclear reactors, are used in many areas due to their special characteristics, which lead to an improvement in the mechanical properties and the pore structure of the concrete shield. The aim of this research was to initiate a novel coefficient (n), experiment to theory density ratio for integrated NP at different nanoparticle concentrations (xnano), established upon purely mathematical viewpoints and some appropriate physical objectives.
Improved impedance matching by multi-componential metal-hybridized rGO toward high performance of microwave absorption
Authors: Xie Jinlong , Jiang Hunan , Li Jinyang , Huang Fei , Zaman Ahsan , Chen Xingxing , Gao Dan , Guo Yifan , Hui David , Zhou Zuowan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Microwave-absorbing materials with good microwave absorption performance are of great interest for military applications and human health, which is threatened by electromagnetic radiation pollution. Herein, the design and synthesis of multi-componential metal-hybridized graphene composites via freeze drying and pyrolysis of ferrocene hydrazone complex precursor are reported. Various magnetic nanoparticles are loaded on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) via controlling their pyrolysis temperature. The complex electromagnetic parameters of these hybrids are therefore regulated by the hybrid components. Among them, rGO hybridized by the sea-island-like Fe2O3/Fe3O4/FeNi3 multi-componential metals shows a good balance of dielectric and magnetic constants. Thus, the improved impedance matching with free space brings about a superior electromagnetic wave absorption performance, especially on the effective absorption bandwidth. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of the hybrids is as low as −40.3 dB at 11 GHz with the RL bandwidth of −10 dB being 4.55 GHz (from 9.25 to 13.8 GHz).
Conversion of land use and household livelihoods in Vietnam: A study in Nghe An
Authors: Nguyen Tran Tuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article describes the relationship between the land use purpose conversion and households’ livelihoods in suburban Vinh City, Nghe An province. In the survey with 170 households losing their land to build the VSIP Nghe An industrial park project, this article shows the double impact of this issue. (1) On the positive side, households’ quality of life in the current period shows a significant improvement. They are living in better conditions with more spacious houses and modern facilities than before. The average income of households increased by 900 USD than before. (2) On the negative side, the unemployment rate increases with women older than 35 years and men older than 40 years. Along with the improper use of compensation received, income sustainability is a doubt for these households’ future.
A soft, mobile, autonomous robot to develop skills through play in autistic children
Authors: Brivio Andrea , Rogacheva Ksenia , Lucchelli Matteo , Bonarini Andrea 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Robots have been used for many years in therapeutic activities with people with Autism Spectrum Disorder. However, most robots presented in the literature have limited or no mobility, are made of rigid materials, or are too expensive for many care centers. We share the choices and the design rationale of the latest version of a soft, mobile, low-cost, autonomous robot that has successfully been used for 3 years in a care center for activities that include both free play and structured games. Moreover, the kind of activities that can be performed with this robot, and the feedback obtained from therapists about its application are reported.
Lost opportunities for cancer prevention: historical evidence on early warnings with emphasis on radiofrequency radiation
Authors: Hardell Lennart , Carlberg Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Some historical aspects on late lessons from early warnings on cancer risks with lost time for prevention are discussed. One current example is the cancer-causing effect from radiofrequency (RF) radiation. Studies since decades have shown increased human cancer risk. The fifth generation, 5G, for wireless communication is about to be implemented world-wide despite no comprehensive investigations of potential risks to human health and the environment. This has created debate on this technology among concerned people in many countries. In an appeal to EU in September 2017, currently endorsed by more than 400 scientists and medical doctors, a moratorium on the 5G deployment was required until proper scientific evaluation of negative consequences has been made (www.5Gappeal.eu). That request has not been taken seriously by EU. Lack of proper unbiased risk evaluation of the 5G technology makes adverse effects impossible to be foreseen. This disregard is exemplified by the recent report from the International Commission on non-ionizing radiation protection (ICNIRP) whereby only thermal (heating) effects from RF radiation are acknowledged despite a large number of reported non-thermal effects. Thus, no health effects are acknowledged by ICNIRP for non-thermal RF electromagnetic fields in the range of 100 kHz–300 GHz. Based on results in three case-control studies on use of wireless phones we present preventable fraction for brain tumors. Numbers of brain tumors of not defined type were found to increase in Sweden, especially in the age group 20–39 years in both genders, based on the Swedish Inpatient Register. This may be caused by the high prevalence of wireless phone use among children and in adolescence taking a reasonable latency period and the higher vulnerability to RF radiation among young persons.
“What is Man?” An Argument for the Christological Reading of Psalm 8 in Hebrews 2
Authors: Maston Jason 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Whether the author of Hebrews interpreted LXX Ps 8,5–7 as referring to humanity (the anthropological interpretation) or Christ (the Christological interpretation) has been widely debated. This essay strengthens the case for the Christological interpretation. After discussing the connections between Hebr 1,1–13 and 2,5–9, the article focuses on the citation and interpretation of LXX Ps 8,5–7 in Hebr 2,6–9. I contend that the author identified a three stage pattern in the psalm which he sees replicated in Jesus’ life. The next stage of the argument shows how in 2,10–18 the author only applies two stages to the lives of believers. Believers do not complete the third stage which indicates that, for the author of Hebrews, the psalm is first about Jesus and then applicable to humanity.
Interleukin-4 Induces the Release of Opioid Peptides from M1 Macrophages in Pathological Pain
Authors: Labuz Dominika , Celik Melih Ö. , Seitz Viola , Machelska Halina 
Published: February 2021

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which can be protective in inflammatory and neurologic disorders, and can alleviate pain. Classically, IL-4 diminishes pain by blocking the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we uncovered that IL-4 induces acute antinociception by IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα)-dependent release of opioid peptides from M1 macrophages at injured nerves. As a model of pathologic pain, we used a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in male mice. A single application of IL-4 at the injured nerves (14 d following CCI) attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity evaluated by von Frey filaments, which was reversed by co-injected antibody to IL-4Rα, antibodies to opioid peptides such as Met-enkephalin (ENK), β-endorphin and dynorphin A 1–17, and selective antagonists of δ-opioid, µ-opioid, and κ-opioid receptors. Injured nerves were predominately infiltrated by proinflammatory M1 macrophages and IL-4 did not change their numbers or the phenotype, assessed by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR, respectively. Macrophages isolated from damaged nerves by immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and stimulated with IL-4 dose dependently secreted all three opioid peptides measured by immunoassays. The IL-4-induced release of ENK was diminished by IL-4Rα antibody, intracellular Ca2+chelator, and inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and ryanodine receptors. Together, we identified a new opioid mechanism underlying the IL-4-induced antinociception that involves PKA-mediated, PI3K-mediated, ryanodine receptor-mediated, and intracellular Ca2+-mediated release from M1 macrophages of opioid peptides, which activate peripheral opioid receptors in injured tissue.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInterleukin-4 (IL-4) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which can ameliorate pain. The IL-4-mediated effects are considered to mostly result from the inhibition of the production of proinflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor, prostaglandin E2). Here, we found that IL-4 injected at the injured nerves attenuates pain by releasing opioid peptides from the infiltrating macrophages in mice. The opioids were secreted by IL-4 in the intracellular Ca2+-dependent manner and activated local peripheral opioid receptors. These actions represent a novel mode of IL-4 action, since its releasing properties have not been so far reported. Importantly, our findings suggest that the IL-4–opioid system should be targeted in the peripheral damaged tissue, since this can be devoid of central and systemic side effects.
The UPR sensor IRE1α promotes dendritic cell responses to control Toxoplasma gondii infection
Authors: Poncet Anaïs F , Bosteels Victor , Hoffmann Eik , Chehade Sylia , Rennen Sofie , Huot Ludovic , Peucelle Véronique , Maréchal Sandra , Khalife Jamal , Blanchard Nicolas , Janssens Sophie , Marion Sabrina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe unfolded protein response (UPR) has emerged as a central regulator of immune cell responses in several pathologic contexts including infections. However, how intracellular residing pathogens modulate the UPR in dendritic cells (DCs) and thereby affect T cell‐mediated immunity remains uncharacterized. Here, we demonstrate that infection of DCs with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) triggers a unique UPR signature hallmarked by the MyD88‐dependent activation of the IRE1α pathway and the inhibition of the ATF6 pathway. Induction of XBP1s controls pro‐inflammatory cytokine secretion in infected DCs, while IRE1α promotes MHCI antigen presentation of secreted parasite antigens. In mice, infection leads to a specific activation of the IRE1α pathway, which is restricted to the cDC1 subset. Mice deficient for IRE1α and XBP1 in DCs display a severe susceptibility to T. gondii and succumb during the acute phase of the infection. This early mortality is correlated with increased parasite burden and a defect in splenic T‐cell responses. Thus, we identify the IRE1α/XBP1s branch of the UPR as a key regulator of host defense upon T. gondii infection.
An adolescent girl with coexisting ovarian mature cystic teratoma and HAIR-AN syndrome, an extreme subtype of polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Ho Jin Hui , Abd Wahab Ana Vetriana , Fung Yin Khet , Khoo Serena Sert Kim 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is associated with menstrual irregularities, ovulatory dysfunction, hirsutism, insulin resistance, obesity and metabolic syndrome but is rarely associated with severe hyperandrogenaemia and virilisation resulting in male pattern baldness and clitoromegaly. Total serum testosterone greater than twice the upper limit of the reference range or free androgen index of over five-fold elevated suggests a diagnosis other than PCOS. We reported a case of a 15 years old obese girl presented with secondary amenorrhoea, virilising signs: frontal baldness, clitoromegaly and prominent signs of insulin resistance and marked acanthosis nigricans. Her total testosterone level was markedly elevated at 9.4 nmol/L (0.5–1.7 nmol/L) and MRI pelvis revealed a right ovarian mass with fat and cystic component and a left polycystic ovary. The patient underwent laparoscopic right ovarian cystectomy and histologically confirmed mature cystic teratoma. Post-operatively, her testosterone level declined but did not normalise, menses resumed but remained irregular. Her fasting insulin was elevated 85.2 mIU/L (3–25 mIU/L) and HOMA-IR was high at 13.1 (>2) with persistent acanthosis nigricans suggesting co-existing HAIR-AN syndrome, an extreme phenotype of polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Learning points:

Rapid onset of hyperandrogenic symptoms, especially if associated with signs of virilisation must raise the suspicion of an androgen-secreting tumour.

Total serum testosterone greater than twofold the upper limit of the reference range or free androgen indices over fivefold suggest a diagnosis other than polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

High levels of testosterone with normal levels of the DHEA-S suggest an ovarian source.

Ovarian androgen-secreting tumour and HAIR-AN syndrome, an extreme spectrum of PCOS can co-exist.
Systematic review of patient-specific pre-operative predictors of pain improvement to endometriosis surgery
Authors: Ball Elizabeth , Karavadra Babu , Kremer-Yeatman Bethany Jade , Mustard Connor , Lee Kim May , Bhogal Sharandeep , Dodds Julie , Horne Andrew W , Allotey John , Rivas Carol 
Published: February 2021

Background
Up to 28% of endometriosis patients do not get pain relief from therapeutic laparoscopy but this subgroup is not defined.

Objectives
To identify any prognostic patient-specific factors (such as but not limited to patients’ type or location of endometriosis, sociodemographics and lifestyle) associated with a clinically meaningful reduction in post-surgical pain response to operative laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis.

Search strategy
PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases were searched from inception to 19 May 2020 without language restrictions. Backward and forward citation tracking was used.

Selection criteria, data collection and analysis:
Cohort studies reporting prognostic factors, along with scores for domains of pain associated with endometriosis before and after surgery, were included. Studies that compared surgeries, or laboratory tests, or outcomes without stratification were excluded. Results were synthesised but variation in study designs and inconsistency of outcome reporting precluded us from doing a meta-analysis.

Main results
Five studies were included. Quality assessment using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale graded three studies as high, one as moderate and one as having a low risk of bias. Four of five included studies separately reported that a relationship exists between more severe endometriosis and stronger pain relief from laparoscopic surgery.

Conclusion
Currently, there are few studies of appropriate quality to answer the research question. We recommend future studies report core outcome sets to enable meta-analysis.

Lay summary
Endometriosis is a painful condition caused by displaced cells from the lining of the womb, causing inflammation and scarring inside the body. It affects 6–10% of women and there is no permanent cure. Medical and laparoscopic surgical treatments are available, but about 28% of patients do not get the hoped-for pain relief after surgery. Currently, there is no way of predicting who gets better and who does not. We systematically searched the world literature to establish who may get better, in order to improve counselling when women choose treatment options. We identified five studies of variable quality showing: More complex disease (in specialist hands) responds better to surgery than less, but more studies needed.
RIPENING DELAY OF ‘SABA’ BANANA USING CHITOSAN COATING MATERIAL FROM THE TEST WASTES OF PHILIPPINE BLUE-EYED SEA URCHIN
Authors: Mendoza Betti Mae C. , Magalang Neil Ian V. , Lalo Aurora Blanca M. , Ureta Romnick 
Published: February 2021

Postharvest loss of bananas due to ripening acceleration is one of the problems of local Filipino farmers. This problem has resulted in profit losses which could bring serious effects in the agricultural sector. Thus, this study aims to derive chitosan, a biopolymer and non-toxic material from the test wastes of the Philippine blue-eyed sea urchins (Diadema savignyi Michelin, 1845) to be used as a surface coating for ‘Saba’ banana (Musa x paradisiaca) to delay the ripening process. The chitosan was obtained by decolorization, pulverization, deproteinization, demineralization, and deacetylation of the sea urchins’ tests. The derived chitosan was validated by its Degree of Acetylation (DA) (35.65%) based on amino and hydroxyl group at peaks 1645.25 cm-1 and 3469.63 cm-1. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs confirmed the amorphous and non-homogeneous structure of chitosan. Results also showed that the chitosan-coated bananas had lower weight loss, greener color, firmer, and lower disease incidence after the seven-day observation as compared with that of the uncoated samples. The study implies that the synthesized chitosan from the test wastes of Philippine blue-eyed sea urchin can be a potential natural coating material in delaying the rapid ripening of ‘Saba’ banana.