bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ecological impact of a bacterial weapon: microbial interactions and the Type VI secretion system
Authors: Gallegos-Monterrosa Ramses , Coulthurst Sarah J 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBacteria inhabit all known ecological niches and establish interactions with organisms from all kingdoms of life. These interactions are mediated by a wide variety of mechanisms and very often involve the secretion of diverse molecules from the bacterial cells. The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a bacterial protein secretion system that uses a bacteriophage-like machinery to secrete a diverse array of effectors, usually translocating them directly into neighbouring cells. These effectors display toxic activity in the recipient cell, making the T6SS an effective weapon during inter-bacterial competition and interactions with eukaryotic cells. Over the last two decades, microbiology research has experienced a shift towards using systems-based approaches to study the interactions between diverse organisms and their communities in an ecological context. Here, we focus on this aspect of the T6SS. We consider how our perspective of the T6SS has developed and examine what is currently known about the impact that bacteria deploying the T6SS can have in diverse environments, including niches associated with plants, insects and mammals. We consider how T6SS-mediated interactions can affect host organisms by shaping their microbiota, as well as the diverse interactions that can be established between different microorganisms through the deployment of this versatile secretion system.
Galectin-3 plays a protective role in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infection
Authors: Oliveira Rafael M , Teixeira Thaise L , Rodrigues Cassiano C , da Silva Aline A , Borges Bruna C , Brígido Rebecca T S , Teixeira Samuel C , Dos Santos Marlus A , Servato João Paulo S , de O Santos Débora , Silva Marcelo J B , Goulart Luiz R , da Silva Claudio V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Leishmania (L.) amazonensis is one of the species responsible for the development of cutaneous leishmaniasis in South America. After entering the vertebrate host, L. (L.) amazonensis invades mainly neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells. Studies have shown that gal-3 acts as a pattern recognition receptor. However, the role of this protein in the context of L. (L.) amazonensis infection remains unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of gal-3 expression on experimental infection by L. (L.) amazonensis. Our data showed that gal-3 plays a role in controlling parasite invasion, replication and the formation of endocytic vesicles. Moreover, mice with gal-3 deficiency showed an exacerbated inflammatory response. Taken together, our data shed light to a critical role of gal-3 in the host response to infection by L. (L.) amazonensis.
Tame Algebras Have Dense g-Vector Fans
Authors: Plamondon Pierre-Guy , Yurikusa Toshiya , Keller Bernhard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe $\textbf{g}$-vector fan of a finite-dimensional algebra is a fan whose rays are the $\textbf{g}$-vectors of its two-term presilting objects. We prove that the $\textbf{g}$-vector fan of a tame algebra is dense. We then apply this result to obtain a near classification of quivers for which the closure of the cluster $\textbf{g}$-vector fan is dense or is a half-space, using the additive categorification of cluster algebras by means of Jacobian algebras. As another application, we prove that for quivers with potentials arising from once-punctured closed surfaces, the stability and cluster scattering diagrams only differ by wall-crossing functions on the walls contained in a separating hyperplane. The appendix is devoted to the construction of truncated twist functors and their adjoints.
Schur Function at General Points and Limit Shape of Perfect Matchings on Contracting Square Hexagon Lattices with Piecewise Boundary Conditions
Authors: Li Zhongyang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe obtain a new formula to relate the value of a Schur polynomial with variables $(x_1,\ldots ,x_N)$ with values of Schur polynomials at $(1,\ldots ,1)$. This allows one to study the limit shape of perfect matchings on a square hexagon lattice with periodic weights and piecewise boundary conditions. In particular, when the edge weights satisfy certain conditions, asymptotics of the Schur function imply that the liquid region of the model in the scaling limit has multiple connected components, while the frozen boundary consists of disjoint cloud curves.
AnL4 Maximal Estimate for Quadratic Weyl Sums
Authors: Barron Alex 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe show that $ \bigg \|\sup _{0 &lt; t &lt; 1} \big |\sum _{n=1}^{N} e^{2\pi i (n(\cdot ) + n^2 t)}\big | \bigg \|_{L^{4}([0,1])} \leq C_{\epsilon } N^{3/4 + \epsilon } $ and discuss some applications to the theory of large values of Weyl sums. This estimate is sharp for quadratic Weyl sums, up to the loss of $N^{\epsilon }$.
Finite Dimensionality in the Non-commutative Choquet Boundary: Peaking Phenomena and C*-Liminality
Authors: Clouâtre Raphaël , Thompson Ian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We explore the finite-dimensional part of the non-commutative Choquet boundary of an operator algebra. In other words, we seek finite-dimensional boundary representations. Such representations may fail to exist even when the underlying operator algebra is finite dimensional. Nevertheless, we exhibit mechanisms that detect when a given finite-dimensional representation lies in the Choquet boundary. Broadly speaking, our approach is topological and requires identifying isolated points in the spectrum of the $\textrm{C}^{\ast }$-envelope. This is accomplished by analyzing peaking representations and peaking projections, both of which being non-commutative versions of the classical notion of a peak point for a function algebra. We also connect this question with the residual finite dimensionality of the $\textrm{C}^{\ast }$-envelope and to a stronger property that we call $\textrm{C}^{\ast }$-liminality. Recent developments in matrix convexity allow us to identify a pivotal intermediate property, whereby every matrix state is locally finite dimensional.
Comparison of Oral Fluid and Urine for Detection of Fentanyl Use Using Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Mahowald Grace K , Khaliq Tahira P , Griggs David , O Mi , Flood James G , Uljon Sacha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
We compared oral fluid (OF) and urine (UR) for detection of fentanyl (FEN) use in addiction medicine-psychiatry (AMP) clinics.

Methods
We measured FEN and norfentanyl (NRFEN) in UR with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.0 µg/L and FEN in OF with an LOD of 0.5 µg/L by LC–MS/MS in 311 paired samples and compared the 2 matrices when higher OF and UR LODs were used.

Results
Urine (UR) detected more FEN use than OF using a LOD of 2.0 µg/L and 0.5 µg/L, respectively. FEN and/or NRFEN were detected in 44 and 59 UR specimens, respectively, and FEN in 46 OF specimens (43 OF+UR+, 3 OF+UR−, 16 OF−UR+, and 249 OF−UR−). In UR there were no instances with FEN positive and NORFEN negative. UR creatinine was &lt;20 mg/dL in the 3 OF+UR− specimen pairs. The median OF/UR analyte concentration ratios in positive sample pairs were 0.23 for OF FEN/UR FEN and 0.02 for OF FEN/UR NRFEN.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that UR detects more FEN use than OF in an AMP setting when UR FEN and UR NORFEN LODs of 2.0 µg/L are used. OF is less sensitive than UR in detecting FEN use, but is still valuable for cases with low UR creatinine and/or suspected adulteration or substitution of UR. The UR vs OF comparison statistics are greatly impacted by even minimal adjustments of the LOD.
Addressing intraarticular pathology at the time of anteverting periacetabular osteotomy for acetabular retroversion is associated with better short-term patient-reported outcomes
Authors: Panos Joseph A , Gutierrez Claudia N , Wyles Cody C , Bingham Joshua S , Mara Kristin C , Trousdale Robert T , Sierra Rafael J 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeriacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is effective in the management of developmental dysplasia of the hip and femoroacetabular impingement secondary to acetabular retroversion. During anteverting PAO for acetabular retroversion, the need for both labral treatment and femoral head–neck junction osteochondroplasty remains equivocal. Accordingly, this study evaluated patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) and reoperation rates after anteverting PAO with or without intraarticular intervention. Cases of anteverting PAO performed at a single institution between November 2009 and January 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into three groups: no intervention and intraarticular intervention with arthrotomy or arthroscopy. Subsequently, patients were reclassified by the intraarticular procedure performed at surgery into major (labral repair, femoral head–neck osteochondroplasty) and minor (labral debridement, femoral/acetabular chondroplasty) groups. The cohort was 75% female, median age was 19.5 years and mean body mass index was 25.0 kg/m2. Preoperative to postoperative improvement was compared to minimal clinically important differences (MCID) for eight PROM. Patients receiving major interventions exceeded MCID in a greater proportion of PROM compared to minor and no intervention groups (P &lt; 0.007); major or minor interventions did not increase the risk of reoperation over no intervention (P ≥ 0.39). Based on the current data, surgeons performing anteverting PAO for acetabular retroversion should perform arthroscopic or open labral repair and assess for impingement after the correction and perform a head–neck junction osteochondroplasty if indicated.
Acute ischaemia of the upper limb following peripherally inserted central catheter—a venous to arterial complication cascade
Authors: Hamdulay Khaleel A , van den Bosch Rene 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) are useful access devices that allow for longer-term intravenous access. This allows patients requiring an extended period of intravenous medication to have this administered without the need for repeat vascular punctures. Even minimally invasive procedures such as line insertion come with risks. Of particular interest to this article is a limb threatening complication soon after line placement. We discuss the PICC line catheter tip as the likely cause for arrhythmia that lead to an embolic occlusion of an upper limb and required acute surgical intervention for limb salvage. We stress the rapid sequence of events that lead to this ultimate complication. We also stress the importance for all clinicians to be aware of these risks and take a cautious approach as the majority of patients requiring longer-term access are already at greater risks of thromboembolic disease due to their comorbidities.
De Garengeot hernia masquerading as a painless groin lump: a case report
Authors: Chaudhry Muhammad A , Neduchelyn Yuwaraja , Ivanovski Ivan , Sarwar Hassan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
De Garengeot’s hernia is a rare subtype of femoral hernia in which the appendix is located within the herniated sac. These cases are important to report as both the diagnosis and treatment are quite challenging. We present a case of a 68-year-old gentleman with few months history of a lump in the right groin that gave him mild discomfort but no other symptoms. Initial investigations with an ultrasound did not prove to be helpful and so a plan was made to surgically explore the lump. The appendiceal tip was incarcerated within the hernial sac. The appendix was removed using an open inguinal incision with repair of the defect using a light weight partially absorbable mesh. It is important to consider the possibility of a De Garangeot’s Hernia as a differential diagnosis for patients presenting with a groin lump.
Shaping the root system: the interplay between miRNA regulatory hubs and phytohormones
Authors: Barrera-Rojas Carlos Hernán , Otoni Wagner Campos , Nogueira Fabio Tebaldi Silveira 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe root system commonly lies underground, where it provides anchorage for the aerial organs, as well as nutrients and water. Both endogenous and environmental cues contribute to the establishment of the root system. Among the endogenous cues, microRNAs (miRNAs), transcription factors, and phytohormones modulate root architecture. miRNAs belong to a subset of endogenous hairpin-derived small RNAs that post-transcriptionally control target gene expression, mostly transcription factors, comprising the miRNA regulatory hubs. Phytohormones are signaling molecules involved in most developmental processes. Some miRNAs and targets participate in more than one hormonal pathway, thereby providing new bridges in plant hormonal crosstalk. Unraveling the intricate network of molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment of root systems is a central aspect in the development of novel strategies for plant breeding to increase yield and optimize agricultural land use. In this review, we summarize recent findings describing the molecular mechanisms associated with the interplay between miRNA regulatory hubs and phytohormones to ensure the establishment of a proper root system. We focus on post-embryonic growth and development of primary, lateral, and adventitious roots. In addition, we discuss novel insights for future research on the interaction between miRNAs and phytohormones in root architecture.
A study of the central stellar populations of galaxies in SDSS-IV MaNGA: identification of a subsample with unusually young and massive stars
Authors: Kauffmann Guinevere 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper describes a search for galaxy centres with clear indications of unusual stellar populations with an initial mass function flatter than Salpeter at high stellar masses. Out of a sample of 668 face-on galaxies with stellar masses in the range $10^{10}\!-\!10^{11} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, I identify 15 galaxies with young- to intermediate-age central stellar populations with unusual stellar population gradients in the inner regions of the galaxy. In these galaxies, the 4000-Å break is either flat or rising towards the centre of the galaxy, indicating that the central regions host evolved stars, but the H α equivalent width also rises steeply in the central regions. The ionization parameter [O iii]/[O ii] is typically low in these Galactic Centres, indicating that ionizing sources are stellar rather than AGN. Wolf–Rayet features characteristic of hot young stars are often found in the spectra and these also get progressively stronger at smaller galactocentric radii. These outliers are compared to a control sample of galaxies of similar mass with young inner stellar populations, but where the gradients in H α equivalent width and 4000-Å break follow each other more closely. The outliers exhibit central Wolf–Rayet red bump excesses much more frequently, they have higher central stellar and ionized gas metallicities, and they are also more frequently detected at 20-cm radio wavelengths. I highlight one outlier where the ionized gas is clearly being strongly perturbed and blown out either by massive stars after they explode as supernovae, or by energy injection from matter falling on to a black hole.
Beyond city expansion: multi-scale environmental impacts of urban megaregion formation in China
Authors: Zhou Weiqi , Yu Wenjuan , Qian Yuguo , Han Lijian , Pickett Steward T A , Wang Jing , Li Weifeng , Ouyang Zhiyun 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Environmental degradation caused by rapid urbanization is a pressing global issue. However, little is known about how urban changes operate and affect environments across multiple scales. Focusing on China, we found urbanization was indeed massive from 2000 to 2015, but it was also very uneven, exhibiting high internal city dynamics. Urban areas in China as a whole became less green, warmer, and had exacerbated PM2.5 pollution. However, environmental impacts differed in newly developed versus older areas of cities. Adverse impacts were prominent in newly urbanized areas, while old urban areas generally showed improved environmental quality. In addition, regional environmental issues are emerging as cities expand, connect and interact to form urban megaregions. To turn urbanization into an opportunity for, rather than an obstacle to, sustainable development, we must move beyond documenting urban expansion to understand the environmental consequences of both internal city dynamics and the formation of urban megaregions.
Metabolomics analysis of poly(l-lactic acid) nanofibers' performance on PC12 cell differentiation
Authors: Su Xiaoman , Huang Yan , Chen Rong , Zhang Yiwen , He Meichen , Lü Xiaoying 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of this article is to reveal the influence of aligned/random poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers on PC12 cell differentiation from the perspective of metabolic level. First, three materials—PLLA aligned nanofibers (PLLA AF), PLLA random nanofibers (PLLA RF) and PLLA films (control)—were prepared by electrospinning and spin coating. Their surface morphologies were characterized. Subsequently, the cell viability, cell morphology and neurite length of PC12 cells on the surface of the three materials were evaluated, indicating more neurites in the PLLA RF groups but the longer average neurite length in the PLLA AF groups. Next, the metabolite profiles of PC12 cells cultured on the surface of the three nanofibers after 12 h, 24 h and 36 h showed that, compared with the control, 51, 48 and 31 types of differential metabolites were detected at the three time points among the AF groups, respectively; and 56, 45 and 41 types among the RF groups, respectively. Furthermore, the bioinformatics analysis of differential metabolites identified two pathways and three metabolites critical to PC12 cell differentiation influenced by the nanofibers. In addition, the verification experiment on critical metabolites and metabolic pathways were performed. The integrative analysis combining cytology, metabolomics and bioinformatics approaches revealed that though both PLLA AF and RF were capable of stimulating the synthesis of neurotransmitters, the PLLA AF were more beneficial for PC12 cell differentiation, whereas the PLLA RF were less effective.
Real-life efficacy of guselkumab in patients with early psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Pantano Ilenia , Mauro Daniele , Romano Francesca , Gambardella Alessio , Valenti Mario , Simone Davide , Iacono Daniela , Costanzo Antonio , Argenziano Giuseppe , Ciccia Francesco 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the efficacy of the novel anti-IL-23 monoclonal antibody guselkumab in a real-life observational cohort of patients with early PsA.

Methods
We conducted an observational study on patients with early PsA followed by the joint dermatology-rheumatology clinics of two Italian centres starting therapy with guselkumab for severe skin involvement. Each patient was evaluated at baseline and every 24 weeks for one year, recording Disease Activity Index for PsA (DAPSA), PASI, VAS Pain, VAS Prutitus, Patient's Global Assessment (PtGA) and assessing DAPSA response.

Results
Twenty-four patients were recruited (16 women). The mean duration of skin disease was 12.5 years (CI 8; 17), but all patients had a shorter articular disease duration, 21.29 months (CI 15.9; 26.68). At baseline, all patients displayed a moderate cutaneous disease with a mean PASI of 15.2 (CI 11.7–18.6) and high disease activity, characterized by mean DAPSA of 26.84 (CI 22.49–31.19). An inflammatory low back pain was reported by five patients (20%) with a mean BASDAI 5.1 (CI 4,38–5,85) at baseline. The majority of guselkumab-treated patients (n = 18; 75%) reached DAPSA remission or DAPSA low disease activity after six months. Seventeen out of 24 patients completed 12 months of treatment, 11 of them (65%) in low disease activity, six (35%) in remission. All patients with axial disease reported improvement of inflammatory low back pain at week 24 with a mean BASDAI 2.98 (CI 2,18– 3,77). No significant side effects were reported.

Conclusions
Real-life data on a cohort of early PsA patients confirm the efficacy and safety of guselkumab on peripheral and axial manifestations.
Red Blood Cell Stiffness Driving Patient Symptoms: A Study of Red Blood Cell Population Rigidity in Sickle Cell Patient Genotype SC Relation to Overlooked Clinical Symptoms
Authors: Shamoun Mark , Gutierrez Mario , Eniola-Adefeso Omolola 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is a systemic hematological disease. Various genotypes of the disease exist; however, the two most common include hemoglobin SS (Hgb SS) and hemoglobin SC (Hgb SC) disease. Hgb SC is typically considered a less severe genotype; however, some patients with SC disease still have significant complications. Ektacytometry is utilized to measure red blood cell deformability in sickle cell patients and may help identify patients at risk for severe disease. We described a patient with genotype hemoglobin SC with a more severe phenotype, who we show to have very rigid red blood cells via ektacytometry.
De novo FZR1 loss-of-function variants cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathies including Myoclonic Atonic Epilepsy
Authors: Manivannan Sathiya N. , Roovers Jolien , Smal Noor , Myers Candace T. , Turkdogan Dilsad , Roelens Filip , Kanca Oguz , Chung Hyung-Lok , Scholz Tasja , Hermann Katharina , Bierhals Tatjana , Caglayan S. Hande , Stamberger Hannah , Mefford Heather , de Jonghe Peter , Yamamoto Shinya , Weckhuysen Sarah , Bellen Hugo J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFZR1, which encodes the Cdh1 subunit of the Anaphase Promoting Complex, plays an important role in neurodevelopment by regulating cell cycle and by its multiple post-mitotic functions in neurons. In this study, evaluation of 250 unrelated patients with developmental epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) and a connection on GeneMatcher led to the identification of three de novo missense variants in FZR1. Two variants led to the same amino acid change. All individuals had a DEE with childhood onset generalized epilepsy, intellectual disability, mild ataxia and normal head circumference. Two individuals were diagnosed with the DEE subtype Myoclonic Atonic Epilepsy (MAE). We provide gene burden testing using two independent statistical tests to support FZR1 association with DEE. Further, we provide functional evidence that the missense variants are loss-of-function (LOF) alleles using Drosophila neurodevelopment assays. Using three fly mutant alleles of the Drosophila homolog fzr and overexpression studies, we show that patient variants do not support proper neurodevelopment. With the recent report of a patient with neonatal-onset DEE with microcephaly who also carries a de novo FZR1 missense variant, our study consolidates the relationship between FZR1 and DEE, and expands the associated phenotype. We conclude that heterozygous LOF of FZR1 leads to DEE associated with a spectrum of neonatal to childhood onset seizure types, developmental delay and mild ataxia. Microcephaly can be present but is not an essential feature of FZR1-encephalopathy. In summary, our approach of targeted sequencing using novel gene candidates and functional testing in Drosophila will help solve undiagnosed MAE/DEE cases.