bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advance care planning among Medicare beneficiaries with dementia undergoing surgery
Authors: Shah Samir K. , Manful Adoma , Reich Amanda J. , Semco Robert S. , Tjia Jennifer , Ladin Keren , Weissman Joel S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImportanceAdvance care planning (ACP), in which patients or their surrogates discuss goals and preferences for care with physicians, attorneys, friends, and family, is an important approach to help align goals with actual treatment. ACP may be particularly valuable in patients with advanced serious illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) for whom surgery carries significant risks.ObjectiveTo determine the frequency, timing, and factors associated with ACP billing in Medicare beneficiaries with ADRD undergoing nontrauma inpatient surgery.DesignThis national cohort study analyzes Medicare fee‐for‐service claims data from 2016 to 2017. All patients had a 6‐month lookback and follow‐up period.SettingNational Medicare fee‐for‐service data.ParticipantsAll patients with ADRD, defined according to the Chronic Conditions Warehouse, undergoing inpatient surgery from July 1, 2016 to June 30, 2017.ExposuresPatient demographics, medical history, and procedural outcomes.Main OutcomeACP billing codes from 6 months before to 6 months after admission for inpatient surgery.ResultsThis study included 289,428 patients with ADRD undergoing surgery, of whom 21,754 (7.5%) had billed ACP within the 6 months before and after surgical admission. In a multivariable analysis, patients of white race, male sex, and residence in the Southern and Midwestern United States were at the highest risk of not receiving ACP. Of all patients who received ACP, 5960 (27.4%) did so before surgery while 12,658 (52.8%) received ACP after surgery. Timing of ACP after surgery was associated with an Elixhauser comorbidity index of 3 or higher (1.23, p = 0.045) and major postoperative complication or death (odds ratio 1.52, p < 0.0001).Conclusions and RelevanceOverall ACP billing code use is low among Medicare patients with ADRD undergoing surgery. Billed ACP appears to have a reactive pattern, occurring most commonly after surgery and in association with postoperative mortality and complications. Additional study is warranted to understand barriers to use.
Risk Premiums, Nominal Rigidities, and Limited Asset Market Participation
Authors: MENNA LORENZO , TIRELLI PATRIZIO 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent developments in the asset pricing literature show that a combination of technology and distributive shocks can rationalize observed risk premia when firm ownership is concentrated in the hands of few households. We find that distributive shocks are unnecessary when nominal price rigidity is taken into account. Our results are driven by the income redistribution associated to procyclical variations in profit margins when firms ownership is concentrated, prices are sticky, and technology shocks hit the economy. In this regard, standard DSGE models that allow for firm ownership concentration have the potential to replicate both business cycle facts and the moments of financial variables.
Evaluating zooplankton in traditional and split‐pond systems for raising golden shiners, Notemigonus crysoleucas
Authors: Kaimal Sindhu , Kelly Anita M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe hypothesize for golden shiners, Notemigonus crysoleucas, raised in split‐ponds (SPS), that the waste treatment unit (WTU) would be a zooplankton refuge. To examine this hypothesis, a 6‐week study was conducted in six traditional earthen ponds (TEP) and six SPS (each 0.04 ha) stocked with adult golden shiners at 450 kg of fish/ha. Fish were fed a commercial feed at 3% body weight daily in three ponds (FED) of each pond type, while in the remaining ponds fish had access to natural foods only (UNF). Zooplankton samples were collected daily for five consecutive days from three locations in each TEP and from three locations each within the fish culture unit (FCU) and WTU of SPS. Net yield and survival were not significantly different among the treatment groups. Survival was severely impacted by depredation from birds and herpetofauna. Fish in SPS‐UNF ponds had lower condition factors, relative weight, whole‐body fats, and gonadosomatic index compared to the other treatment groups. Zooplankton number/mL were significantly higher in the TEP (both FED and UNF) when compared to other treatment groups. There was not enough evidence that the WTU being devoid of fish may serve as a refuge for larger zooplankton.
EQUAL Fusariosis score 2021: An European Confederation of Medical Mycology score derived from current guidelines to measure QUALity of the clinical management of invasive fusariosis
Authors: Guarana Mariana , Nouér Simone A. , Nucci Marcio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundInvasive fusariosis is a serious infection affecting mostly patients with haematologic malignancies and hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.ObjectivesTo develop a scoring tool that evaluates guideline adherence in the management of invasive fusariosis.MethodsWe reviewed two guidelines, provided by the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM), and selected the strongest recommendations for management quality as the bases for the scoring tool.ResultsWe reviewed the recommendations regarding primary and secondary prophylaxis, diagnostics procedures (images, blood cultures, biopsy of skin lesions with direct examination, culture and histopathology, species identification, antifungal susceptibility tests and antigen detection), treatment choices and follow‐up procedures. The tool comprises 18 items, with a maximum of 24 points.ConclusionsThe EQUAL score Fusariosis is a tool that may help clinicians to measure guidelines adherence.
Commodity Violence: The Punctum of Data
Authors: Jain S. Lochlann 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThis article discusses methods for anthropologists interested in practicing visual arts as an ethnographic method of analysis and communication. Through an overview of a project I developed, I discuss my approach in relation to psychogeography and theatrical Moment Work. I suggest that these techniques can be usefully harnessed to build an ethnographic approach to image‐making and develop visual vocabularies that exceed the purpose of illustrating extant ideas and concepts in the field. This is critical because such ideas and concepts operate on a different plane from those developed in the art‐related disciplines that have generally adjudicated the visual field.
A Simple Physical Model for Control of a Propellerless Aquatic Robot
Authors: Karavaev Yury L. , Klekovkin Anton V. , Mamaev Ivan S. , Tenenev Valentin A. , Vetchanin Evgeny V. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the motion of an aquatic robot whose body has the form of a sharp-edged foil. The robot is propelled by rotating the internal rotor without shell deformation. The motion of the robot is described by a finite-dimensional mathematical model derived from physical considerations. This model takes into account the effect of added masses and viscous friction. The parameters of the model are calculated from comparison of experimental data and numerical solution to the equations of rigid body motion and the Navier–Stokes equations. The proposed mathematical model is used to define controls implementing straight-line motion, motion in a circle, and motion along a complex trajectory. Experiments for estimation of the efficiency of the model have been conducted.
Consistency of causal claims in observational studies: a review of papers published in a general medical journal
Authors: Olarte Parra Camila , Bertizzolo Lorenzo , Schroter Sara , Dechartres Agnès , Goetghebeur Els 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the consistency of causal statements in observational studies published inThe BMJ.DesignReview of observational studies published in a general medical journal.Data sourceCohort and other longitudinal studies describing an exposure-outcome relationship published inThe BMJin 2018. We also had access to the submitted papers and reviewer reports.Main outcome measuresProportion of published research papers with ‘inconsistent’ use of causal language. Papers where language was consistently causal or non-causal were classified as ‘consistently causal’ or ‘consistently not causal’, respectively. For the ‘inconsistent’ papers, we then compared the published and submitted version.ResultsOf 151 published research papers, 60 described eligible studies. Of these 60, we classified the causal language used as ‘consistently causal’ (48%), ‘inconsistent’ (20%) and ‘consistently not causal’(32%). Eleven out of 12 (92%) of the ‘inconsistent’ papers were already inconsistent on submission. The inconsistencies found in both submitted and published versions were mainly due to mismatches between objectives and conclusions. One section might be carefully phrased in terms of association while the other presented causal language. When identifying only an association, some authors jumped to recommending acting on the findings as if motivated by the evidence presented.ConclusionFurther guidance is necessary for authors on what constitutes a causal statement and how to justify or discuss assumptions involved. Based on screening these papers, we provide a list of expressions beyond the obvious ‘cause’ word which may inspire a useful more comprehensive compendium on causal language.
Disability status and multi-dimensional personal well-being among adolescents in the Southern Highlands Region of Tanzania: results of a cross-sectional study
Authors: Quinones Sarah , Palermo Tia M , Lukongo Tumpe Mnyawami , Luchemba Paul , Mitti Respichius , Devries Karen , de Groot Richard , Khurshid Atif , Kuper Hannah 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveExamine how disability status among adolescents is associated with the following domains of personal well-being: schooling, livelihoods, health, violence and psychosocial well-being. It is hypothesised that adolescents with a disability will have greater deficits in these areas of well-being compared with their healthier counterparts.DesignCross-sectional data from 2018 were obtained from the second round of an on-going study of adolescents living in poor households in two regions of the Southern Highlands of Tanzania (Iringa and Mbeya). We use the Washington Group (WG) Short Set indicators to measure disability and undertook logistic and linear multivariate regressions to understand the association between disability and the outcomes of interest.ParticipantsThe sample included 2274 participants aged 15–20 years living in households participating in a government social protection programme targeted to households living in extreme poverty.ResultsOverall, 310 participants (14%) were classified as having disabilities. Outcomes not associated with disability status included literacy, schooling, livelihoods and self-efficacy. Adolescents with disabilities were less likely to report good or very good health (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.39, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.52) and had increased odds of reporting depressive symptoms in (aOR=1.46, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.90), emotional violence (aOR=2.18, 95% CI 1.49 to 3.20) and physical violence (aOR=1.71, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.59), compared with those without disabilities. Reports of depression were higher among men, and violence was more prevalent among women. Patterns of association were generally similar between men and women, although the association of disability with markers of well-being reached statistical significance more often among men.ConclusionThis study highlights areas where adolescents with disabilities are falling behind their peers in terms of personal well-being. These findings suggest that interventions may be needed to mainstream disability in programmes and policies aiming to improve well-being, mental health and violence prevention among adolescents.Trial registration numberPan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR201804003008116).
How patients with COVID-19 managed the disease at home during the first wave in Spain: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Romay-Barja María , Pascual-Carrasco Mario , De Tena-Dávila María José , Falcón María , Rodriguez-Blazquez Carmen , Forjaz Maria João , Ayala Alba , Molina-de la Fuente Irene , Burgos Alfredo , Muñoz Adolfo , Benito Agustin 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveMost patients with mild COVID-19 had to stay at home trying to implement an optimal quarantine. The aim of this study was to describe the COVID-19 cases during the first wave of the pandemic in Spain, how they managed the disease at home, focusing on differences by age, as well as differences in knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices, compared with the uninfected population.DesignAn online survey was used to conduct a cross-sectional study of individuals who were 14 years or older living in Spain during the COVID-19 lockdown. The main variable was a COVID-19 case. Logistic regression models for COVID-19 cases were obtained using a backward stepwise procedure to assess the association between social variables, disease knowledge, attitudes, prevention practices and emotional impact.Results3398 people completed the survey. Participants’ mean age was 49.6 (SD=14.3). COVID-19 was significantly more prevalent among married people (5.3%) and those currently doing an on-site work (8.7%). Most of the COVID-19 cases stayed at home (84.0%) during the episode. There were significant age-based differences with regard to self-isolation conditions at home during the disease. COVID-19 cases showed better attitudes, practices and knowledge about disease symptoms and transmission than the uninfected population. COVID-19 cases also felt more depressed (adjusted OR: 3.46, 95% CI 1.45 to 8.26) and had better preventive behaviour than the uninfected population, such as always wearing a mask outside the home (adjusted OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.30).ConclusionCOVID-19 cases found it difficult to comply with recommended home self-isolation conditions, with differences by age group. COVID-19 had an important impact on care dependency in non-hospitalised patients, who were mostly dependent on their families for care. It is necessary to reinforce social and health services and to be ready to meet the care needs of populations during the different waves or in future epidemics.
Primary care physician’s (PCP) perceived value of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in clinical practice: a mixed methods study
Authors: Mou Danny , Horn Daniel M , Heng Marilyn , Castillo-Angeles Manuel , Ladin Keren , Frendl Daniel , Kaur Manraj , del Carmen Marcela , Sequist Thomas Dean , Sisodia Rachel C 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundPatient-reported outcomes (PROs) can promote patient engagement, shared-decision making and improve the overall experience of care. However, PRO integration in the primary care clinical setting is limited. Exploring the perspectives of primary care physicians (PCPs) on PROs is key to understanding how they are being used in the clinical setting. We sought to elucidate this clinical perspective at one of the largest US health systems that has integrated a wide range of PROs into routine primary care.MethodsMixed methods study with both anonymous online surveys and in-person qualitative semistructured interviews conducted with PCPs to understand their clinical perspectives on the applications of the existing PROs. PCPs from the 19 affiliated clinics were prompted to complete the survey. Interviewed PCPs were selected via a combination of random and purposive selection from the PCP directory.ResultsOf 172 PCPs, 117 (68%) completed the online survey and 28 completed semistructured interviews. Most PCPs (77%) reviewed PRO responses with their patients. PCPs endorsed that PROs improve clinic efficiency and clinical management. However, PCPs have heterogeneous perspectives on the relevance of PROs in clinical practice, likely due to variations in clinic practice. For specific PRO instruments, PCPs reported anxiety and depression screening PROs to be most helpful. PCPs felt that PROs assisted with completing screening questions that are required by regulatory bodies. Barriers to using PROs include poor user-interface for both clinicians and patients and inadequate training.ConclusionsMost PCPs regularly use PRO data though there are mixed opinions about their clinical relevance. An adaptable, user-friendly PRO system has the potential to have meaningful clinical applications in primary care.
Improving detection and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia in Australian general practice
Authors: Brett Tom , Chan Dick C , Radford Jan , Heal Clare , Gill Gerard , Hespe Charlotte , Vargas-Garcia Cristian , Condon Carmen , Sheil Barbara , Li Ian W , Sullivan David R , Vickery Alistair W , Pang Jing , Arnold-Reed Diane E , Watts Gerald F 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveFamilial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is characterised by elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, FH remains substantially underdiagnosed and undertreated. We employed a two-stage pragmatic approach to identify and manage patients with FH in primary healthcare.MethodsMedical records for 232 139 patients who attended 15 general practices at least once in the previous 2 years across five Australian States were first screened for potential risk of FH using an electronic tool (TARB-Ex) and confirmed by general practitioner (GP) clinical assessment based on phenotypic Dutch Lipid Clinic Network Criteria (DLCNC) score. Follow-up GP consultation and management was provided for patients with phenotypic FH.ResultsA total of 1843 patients were identified by TARB-Ex as at potential risk of FH (DLCNC score ≥5). After GP medical record review, 900 of these patients (49%) were confirmed with DLCNC score ≥5 and classified as high-risk of FH. From 556 patients subsequently clinically assessed by GPs, 147 (26%) were diagnosed with phenotypic FH (DLCNC score >6). Follow-up GP consultation and management for 77 patients resulted in a significant reduction in LDL-cholesterol (−16%, p<0.01). A higher proportion of these patients attained the treatment target of 50% reduction in LDL-cholesterol (74% vs 62%, p<0.001) and absolute levels of LDL-cholesterol goals compared with baseline (26% vs 12%, p<0.05).ConclusionsA pragmatic approach integrating electronic medical record tools and clinical GP follow-up consultation is a feasible method to identify and better manage patients with FH in the primary healthcare setting.Trial registration number12616000630415.
Summer hypoxia in Bohai Sea caused by changes in phytoplankton community
Authors: Wei Hao , Zhao Liang , Zhang Haiyan , Lu Youyu , Yang Wei , Song Guisheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the deep central part of the Bohai Sea off the coast of northern China, long-term observations show significantly lower dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration near the bottom in summer during 2006–2018 than during 1978–2005. The decrease in bottom DO is closely linked to changes in phytoplankton community driven by nutrient structure changes in the water column. From literature review, observations in the phytoplankton community structure indicate an increase in the abundant proportion of dinoflagellate to diatom and miniaturization since the 21st century. The new dominate species of dinoflagel-late and the pico- and nano-celled algae detritus, with slow sinking rate and long residence time, favor the efficient oxygen consumption in the water column and lead to oxygen depletion enhancement and DO concentration decrease after 2006. Analyses also suggest that water temperature, stratification, and resuspension of sediment play less significant roles in long-term variations of DO. The linkage of hypoxia formation to changes of phytoplankton community answers why hypoxia in the Bohai Sea started to occur in the recent decade while eutrophication began since the 1980s. The identified new mechanism of hypoxia formation may be applicable to other coastal seas where eutrophication has led to changes in the phytoplankton community, and should be considered in biogeochemical models.
Increased Arctic climate extremes constrain expected higher plant reproductive success in a warmer climate
Authors: Panchen Zoe A. , Frei Esther R. , Henry Greg H.R. 
Published: May 2021

The low reproductive success of Arctic plants is predicted to increase as the climate warms. However, climate extremes add complexity to these predictions. In the extremely cold year of 2018, multiple Arctic trophic levels experienced reproductive failure. We analysed a unique long-term record of seed viability from experimentally warmed and ambient plots at Alexandra Fiord, Ellesmere Island, which has been running since 1992 and included 2018 and the extremely warm year of 2019. Positive and negative July temperature anomalies and summer temperatures have increased significantly by 0.5, −0.3, and 0.4 °C/decade since 1977, respectively, resulting in greater extremes and increased inter-annual variation. Seed viability of some species has increased with climate warming. Across years, seed viability of woody species was consistently higher in warmed than ambient plots while the opposite was true for forbs. In 2018, seed viability of woody species in ambient plots was significantly lower than normal but comparable with past years for forb species. Not all species returned to normal seed viability levels in 2019. Our study highlights the potential for greater sexual reproductive failure in tundra plants with increasing climate extremes. We suggest that poor seed viability of woody species in cold years could constrain shrub recruitment and may aid forb species establishment on bare tundra.
Renormalization scheme and mass scale independence
Authors: Chishtie F.A. , McKeon D.G.C. 
Published: May 2021

We demonstrate that in the mass-independent renormalization scheme, the renormalization group equations associated with the unphysical parameters that characterize the renormalization scheme and the mass scale leads to summation that results in a cancellation between the implicit and explicit dependence on these parameters. The resulting perturbative expansion is consequently independent of these arbitrary parameters. We illustrate this by considering R, the cross section for e+e– → hadrons.