bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous compensation of systematic errors of a low-cost MEMS triaxial accelerometer and its temperature dependency without accurate laboratory equipment
Authors: Khankalantary Saeed , Ranjbaran Saeed , Mohammadkhani Hassan 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Laboratory calibration methods are time-consuming and require accurate devices to find the error coefficients of the low-cost microelectromechanical system (MEMS) accelerometer. Besides, low-cost MEMS sensors highly depend on temperature because of their silicon property and the effect of temperature on error coefficients should also be considered for compensation. This paper aims to present a field calibration method in which the accelerometer is placed in different positions without any accurate equipment in a few minutes and its temperature is changed by a simple device like a hairdryer.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a non-linear cost function is defined based on this rule that the magnitude of the acceleration measured by the accelerometer in static mode is equal to the gravity plus error factors. Also, the dependency of error coefficients of the accelerometer is presented as a second-order polynomial in this cost function. By minimizing the cost function, the accelerometer error coefficients include bias, scale factor and non-orthogonality and their temperature dependency are obtained simultaneously.

Findings
Simulation results in MATLAB and empirical results of a MPU6050 accelerometer verify the good performance of the proposed calibration method.

Originality/value
Finding a fast and simple field calibration method to calibrate a low-cost MEMS accelerometer and compensate for the temperature dependency without using accurate laboratory equipment can help a wide range of industries that use advanced and expensive sensors or use expensive laboratory equipment to calibrate their sensors, to decrease their costs.
The influences of progenitor filtering, domestication selection and the boundaries of nature on the domestication of grain crops
Authors: Garibaldi Lucas A. , Aizen Marcelo A. , Sáez Agustín , Gleiser Gabriela , Strelin Marina M. , Harder Lawrence D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Domestication generally involves two sequential processes: initial identification of wild species with desirable characteristics (‘progenitor filtering’) and subsequent artificial and natural selection that, respectively, improve features preferred by humans and adapt species to cultivation/captivity (‘domestication selection’). Consequently, domesticated species can differ from wild species and may share characteristics owing to convergent evolution (‘domestication syndrome’). Baring evolutionary constraints, domestication selection may generate extreme phenotypes that transcend the ‘boundaries of nature’ evident for wild species. Despite evidence of domestication syndromes in some clades, broader contributions of progenitor filtering and domestication selection to characteristics of contemporary domesticated species have received limited attention.

Using comparative analysis of 49 grain‐crop and 87 wild annual plant species from 15 families, we (1) addressed whether plants of crop and wild species differ for mean seed number, per‐seed mass and total seed‐mass investment; (2) assessed contributions of (a) progenitor filtering and (b) domestication selection to these differences; (3) evaluated whether crop characteristics exceed the boundaries of nature and (4) assessed whether seed‐production characteristics of grain crops constitute components of a generic domestication syndrome.

On average, grain‐crop plants produce heavier seeds and greater total seed mass than wild species, but seed number per plant does not differ. Comparison of wild species between genera with or without crop species found no evidence of progenitor filtering. In contrast, crop species differed from congeneric wild species for the mass traits, but not for seed number. Greater seed investment by crops is consistent with artificial selection for enhanced seed yield (mass per harvested area), whereas heavier individual seeds suggest selection for improved nutritional quality and (or) adaptation to cultivation environments.

Seed number–size characteristics of grain‐crop species lie within the bivariate variation among wild species and so do not exceed the boundaries of nature. Seed number and size varied similarly between species types and generally aligned with seed‐investment isoclines, suggesting an upper investment limit.

Despite greater average investment in seed production and individual seeds by grain‐crop species, seed‐production characteristics did not vary less among crop species than among wild species, which is inconsistent with a common domestication syndrome.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Facebook groups as citizen science tools for plant species monitoring
Authors: Marcenò Corrado , Padullés Cubino Josep , Chytrý Milan , Genduso Emanuele , Salemi Dario , La Rosa Alfonso , Gristina Alessandro Silvestre , Agrillo Emiliano , Bonari Gianmaria , Giusso del Galdo Gianpietro , Ilardi Vincenzo , Landucci Flavia , Guarino Riccardo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Social networks offer communication channels through which people share huge amounts of primary data that can be used for scientific analyses, including biodiversity research. To understand to what extent data extracted from social networks could complement data collected for scientific purposes, it is necessary to quantify the bias of such data.

We analysed which plant traits increased the probability of a wild‐growing plant species to be photographed and posted to a social network based on the data from an unstructured citizen science tool; a Facebook group focused on the vascular flora of Sicily (Italy). Then, we compared botanical data collected by this Facebook group members with data collected by scientists in 6,366 vegetation plots sampled across Sicily, stored in the EVA database.

Our results suggested that data proceeding from the analysed Facebook group were affected by various sampling biases, which differed from the biases inherent to other types of biodiversity data such as those from vegetation plots.

Facebook users recorded a higher proportion of red‐listed and alien species than vegetation scientists. Therefore, social networks can provide a valuable complement to the data collected by scientists for research purposes.

Synthesis and applications. Despite Facebook does not support geotagging and interface for data access and analysis, it is an invaluable source of biodiversity data that could complement those collected by professional researchers. The main advantage of data from social networks is their high dynamism, as they report large amounts of species occurrences in almost real time. Therefore, citizen science data from a Facebook group where the records are curated by expert volunteers can be used (a) for monitoring population dynamics of threatened and alien species; (b) as a source of additional data on rare species occurrences, particularly for plants that are attractive for amateur botanists, such as orchids; (c) for early warning systems of potential new invasions; and (4) for phenological studies, especially at the beginning of the flowering season.
Biodiversity effects on grape quality depend on variety and management intensity
Authors: Steiner Magdalena , Grace James B. , Bacher Sven 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Interactions between plants can be beneficial, detrimental or neutral. In agricultural systems, competition between crop and spontaneous vegetation is a major concern. We evaluated the relative support for three non‐exclusive ecological hypotheses about interactions between crop and spontaneous plants based on competition, complementarity or facilitation.

The study was conducted in Swiss vineyards with different vegetation management intensities. In all, 33 vineyards planted with two different grape varieties were studied over 3 years to determine whether low‐intensity vegetation management might provide benefits for grape quality parameters. Management intensity varied with the degree of control of spontaneous inter‐row vegetation. Features of spontaneous vegetation measured included total cover, total species richness and abundance of nitrogen‐fixing plants. Grape quality parameters of known importance to wine making (yeast assimilable nitrogen, sugars, tartaric acid and malic acid) were determined by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Using structural equation modelling, we evaluated hypotheses about the multivariate responses of grape quality parameters as well as the direct and indirect (plant‐mediated) effects of management.

Observed effects of management differed between grape varieties. Management intensity and abundance of N‐fixing plants significantly influenced grape quality parameters while total richness of spontaneous plants did not have detectable effects. Abundance of N‐fixing plants was enhanced by low‐intensity management resulting in increased N content in the red grape variety Pinot noir, potentially enhancing grape quality, while measured soil N content did not explain the increase.

Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that crop quality can be enhanced by spontaneous plants, in this case by the abundance of a key functional group (N‐fixers), most likely through plant–plant or plant–microbe facilitation. However, beneficial interactions may have a high specificity in terms of facilitation partners and may have contrasting effects at low taxonomic resolutions such as crop varieties. Generally, increasing plant biodiversity in agricultural systems may increase competition with crops. Thus, the identification of suitable interaction partners and a careful balance between crop variety and spontaneous plant species may be necessary to utilize beneficial interactions and to reduce the trade‐off between agricultural production and biodiversity to achieve a sustainable ecological benefit in agricultural systems.
Global change shifts trade‐offs among ecosystem functions in woodlands restored for multifunctionality
Authors: Fiedler Sebastian , Monteiro José A. F. , Hulvey Kristin B. , Standish Rachel J. , Perring Michael P. , Tietjen Britta 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Ecological restoration increasingly aims at improving ecosystem multifunctionality and making landscapes resilient to future threats, especially in biodiversity hotspots such as Mediterranean‐type ecosystems. Plants and their traits play a major role in the functioning of an ecosystem. Therefore, successful restoration towards long‐term multifunctionality requires a fundamental mechanistic understanding of this link under changing climate. An integrated approach of empirical research and simulation modelling with a focus on plant traits can allow this understanding.

Based on empirical data from a large‐scale restoration project in a Mediterranean‐type ecosystem in Western Australia, we developed and validated the spatially explicit simulation model Modelling Ecosystem Functions and Services based on Traits (ModEST), which calculates coupled dynamics of nutrients, water and individual plants characterised by functional traits. We then simulated all possible combinations of eight plant species with different levels of diversity to assess the role of plant diversity and traits on multifunctionality, the provision of six ecosystem functions that can be linked to ecosystem services, as well as trade‐offs and synergies among the functions under current and future climatic conditions.

Our results show that multifunctionality cannot fully be achieved because of trade‐offs among functions that are attributable to sets of traits that affect functions differently. Our measure of multifunctionality was increased by higher levels of planted species richness under current, but not future climatic conditions. In contrast, single functions were differently impacted by increased plant diversity and thus the choice and weighting of these functions affected multifunctionality. In addition, we found that trade‐offs and synergies among functions shifted with climate change due to different direct and indirect (mediated via community trait changes) effects of climate change on functions.

Synthesis and application. With our simulation model Modelling Ecosystem Functions and Services based on Traits (ModEST), we show that restoration towards multifunctionality might be challenging not only under current conditions but also in the long‐term. However, once ModEST is parameterised and validated for a specific restoration site, managers can assess which target goals can be achieved given the set of available plant species and site‐specific conditions. It can also highlight which species combinations can best achieve long‐term improved multifunctionality due to their trait diversity.
Bacterial infection secondary to Trimeresurus species bites: A retrospective cohort study in a university hospital in Bangkok
Authors: Kriengkrairut Suppanut , Othong Rittirak 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTrimeresurus spp. (green pit viper [GPV]) inhabit several Southeast Asian countries. They account for more than 90% of snake envenomations in Bangkok. GPV venom causes coagulopathy from a thrombin‐like effect and thrombocytopaenia. Envenomation can also cause local tissue reactions. The present study primarily aimed to determine the bacterial infection rate from GPV (Trimeresurus spp.) bites. Antibiotic use, microbiology report, and clinical course between those with and without infection were secondary objectives.MethodsThe present study took place at Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University. Medical records of patients more than 15 years old, bitten by GPV from our Toxicology Registry between 2015 and 2019, were reviewed by two chart extractors. Vital signs, pain scores, local reactions, time from bite to diagnosis of infection, use of antibiotics, bacterial culture samplings and complications were recorded. The infection rate was reported in percentages. Univariate analysis was utilised to determine risk factors for infection.ResultsThe study included 123 patients over a 5‐year period. The majority were male, 83 cases (67.5%). Overall, bacterial infection occurred in eight cases (6.5%). The median time from bite to infection diagnosis was 41.5 h (interquartile range 25.5–68.5). The antibiotic prescription rate was 12.2%. Haemorrhagic bleb was the only risk factor for infection (OR 22.4, 95% confidence interval 3.6–140.2). All bacterial culture samplings were negative. The non‐infection group had a decreasing pain score throughout each follow‐up visit.ConclusionsWe found a low infection rate from GPV bites even without antibiotics suggesting prophylactic antibiotics should not be routinely prescribed in cases of GPV bite.
Generational categories: A broken basis for human resource management research and practice
Authors: Parry Emma , Urwin Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis provocation challenges the use of generational categories as a valid and useful basis for the development of human resource management (HRM) research and practice. We present two provocations. First, that a focus solely on year of birth as a driver of attitudes, values and behaviours is wholly inadequate. Second, we go beyond existing empirical challenges to argue that any approach to the study of generations that focuses solely on generational categories should be abandoned. We consider the theoretical basis for generations, together with specific examples from empirical studies to show how the current reliance on largely unsubstantiated categories leaves even longitudinal studies unable to make an effective contribution to this field. We draw on cross‐disciplinary insights to consider the implications for academic research and for HRM practice, showing how the current approach limits the usefulness of findings and suggesting a potential way forward.
Comparing the taste‐modifying properties of nanocellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose
Authors: Manninen Hanna , Sandell Mari , Mattila Saila , Hopia Anu , Laaksonen Timo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe taste‐modifying properties of nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are compared for the first time. The samples were prepared in the form of gels, with and without added sweet and bitter taste components. As viscosity itself is known to affect taste perception, the viscosities of NFC and CMC samples were set to the same level as shear rates commonly found in the oral cavity. A trained panel of 10 assessors evaluated the bitterness and sweetness of the samples. Further, the assessors were given an opportunity to describe the samples in free words. The taste‐modifying capacities of the thickening agents were at the same level when sweet compounds were added. However, CMC was better able to reduce the bitterness of quinine hydrochloride than NFC, which did not show any bitterness‐reduction ability with the compound. This was unexpected, as our previous studies of NFC showed fairly high binding capacity with quinine. The open‐ended responses revealed that the NFC‐containing samples had an astringent sensation, while certain assessors observed a sensation of saltiness in the CMC samples. This may explain the inability of NFC to mask the bitterness of quinine hydrochloride, as astringency may act as a bitterness enhancer, while saltiness may suppress it. Both thickening agents were perceived as slightly bitter. Our study reveals the need for further assessment of the orosensory properties of NFC, particularly the magnitude and origin of its astringency, before it can be fully utilized in food industry applications.
A multi‐functional genetic manipulation system and its use in high‐level expression of a β‐mannanase mutant with high specific activity in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Liu Zhemin , Cao Linyuan , Fu Xiaodan , Liang Qingping , Sun Han , Mou Haijin 
Published: May 2021

SummaryTo further extend the practical application of a thermostable and acidic resistance β‐mannanase (ManAK) in animal feed additives, an effective strategy that combined directed evolution and metabolic engineering was developed. Four positive mutants (P191M, P194E, S199G and S268Q) with enhanced specific activity (25.5%–60.9%) were obtained. The S199G mutant exhibited 56.7% enhancement of specific activity at 37°C and good thermostability, and this was selected for high‐level expression in P. pastoris X33. A multi‐functional and scarless genetic manipulation system was proposed and functionally verified (gene deletion, substitution/insertion and point mutation). This was then subjected to Rox1p (an oxygen related transcription regulator) deletion and Vitreoscilla haemoglobin (VHb) co‐expression for high enzyme productivity in P. pastoris X33VIIManAKS199G. An excellent strain, named X33VIIManAKS199G ∆rox1::VHb, was achieved by combining these two factors, and then the maximum enzymatic activity was further increased to 3753 U ml‐1, which was nearly twice as much as the maximum production of ManAK in P. pastoris. This work provides a systematic and effective method to improve the enzymatic yield of β‐mannanase, promotes the application of ManAK in feed additives, and also demonstrated that a scarless genetic manipulation tool is useful in P. pastoris.
Heterogeneity of the white truffle Tuber magnatum in a limited geographic area of Central‐Southern Italy
Authors: Monaco Pamela , Bucci Antonio , Naclerio Gino , Mello Antonietta 
Published: May 2021

SummaryMolise region (Central‐Southern Italy) is one of the Italian richest areas of truffles and contributes significantly to the national production of the precious Tuber magnatum. Nevertheless, Molise truffle has received little scientific attention. Accordingly, in the present study, two T. magnatum populations collected in two different sites of Molise region were characterised from a morphological, genetic and microbiological point of view. A considerable variability between and within the two analysed groups emerged, suggesting an interesting heterogeneity of Molise white truffle populations. Ascocarps of the two groups significantly differed in size and maturation degree, although no linear correlation between weight and maturity was found. Genetic investigations focused on the Sequence‐Characterised Amplified Region SCAR A21‐inf. Three haplotypes, randomly distributed within the two truffle groups regardless of their collection sites, were detected. The 16S rRNA gene amplicon high‐throughput sequencing provided an overview of the composition of the ascocarp‐associated bacterial communities. A predominance of α‐Proteobacteria was observed, with Bradyrhizobium among the main genera. However, some truffles showed unusual microbial profiles, with Pedobacter, Polaromonas and other bacterial genera as dominant taxa.
Targeting the EMT transcription factor Snail overcomes resistance to osimertinib in EGFR‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Qin Qiong , Li Xiaoqing , Liang Xingmei , Zeng Lili , Wang Jing , Sun Linlin , Zhong Diansheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe resistance mechanism of the third generation of epidermal growth factor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) osimertinib is complex. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a common mechanism of EGFR‐TKI acquired resistance. Snail is an important transcription factor related to EMT. Whether targeting Snail can reverse the resistance of osimertinib by downregulating Snail is unknown.MethodsThe presence of EMT in H1975/OR (osimertinib resistance) cells was confirmed by transwell assay. To explore the EMT role in resistance, the expression levels of EMT markers were detected in both parental cells H1975 and resistant cells H1975OR. We used RNA interference technology to knockdown the key regulator Snail in resistant cells. After the interference efficiency was confirmed, changes in EMT‐related molecules of Snail were explicitly downregulated, and changes in sensitivity and migration and invasion ability were also examined. We used CDK4/6 inhibitor to test the ability of reversing drug resistance by downregulating Snail.ResultsCompared with the H1975 cell line, the H1975/OR resistant cell line showed increased invasiveness, upregulated expression of vimentin and downregulation of E‐cadherin. EMT occurred in the H1975/OR resistant cell line. The expression of Snail was upregulated in the osimertinib‐resistant cell line H1975/OR. Knockdown of Snail increased the sensitivity of H1975/OR cells to osimertinib. CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib could downregulate the expression of Snail. CDK 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib combined with osimertinib could reverse the resistance of osimertinib in H1975/OR.ConclusionsSnail plays an important role in the third generation of EGFR‐TKI osimertinib resistance, which may be reversed by downregulating Snail.