bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition, Microbiome, Aging, and Cancer
Authors: Zillow Anna L , Gabriela  , Riscuta  , Brown Tony L , Tulp Orien L , Einstein George P 
Published: June 2021

According to SEER data, aging is one of the highest cancer risk factors for both sexes. While cancer is a multifactorial disease of the human body, two underlying mechanisms were commonly identified in elderly: 1) low chronic inflammation and 2) immunosenescence. Microbiota, mainly probiotics, can potentially positively influence these two mechanisms directly and also via microbially produced metabolites. Dietary interventions have the potential to modify microbiota and therefore the inflammatory status and eventually could influence the risk and progression of some chronic diseases including cancer. The challenge remains as to identify the subgroups who will benefit, the time and duration of each nutrition intervention, and early detection of any undesirable effects of those interventions.The objectives of this study were to use meta analysis of multiple studies to: 1]To examine the association between diet and dietary components, microbiota composition and inflammatory status in health and disease of elderly; 2 ]To investigate how changes in the microbiota influence the inflammatory and immune status with age, and 3] To evaluate the relationship between inflammation and cancer. The results of this analysis indicate that 1) Inflammation increases with age and is a risk factor for developing cancer but the mechanisms are not entirely understood. 2) Gut microbiota is one important factor in age‐associated inflammation and cancer. 3) Aged microbiota may trigger inflammation and impair immune function. 4) Inflammation has been linked to both microbiota and cancer. Thus, microbiota can influence cancer not only by constituent activation of inflammation cascades, but also by triggering genotoxic pathways and tumor microenvironment perturbation. Accordingly, our study suggests that nutritional habits, such as prebiotics, foods containing probiotics and generally whole foods, can manifest a net increase of anti‐inflammatory markers in the body.Support or Funding InformationSupported by Institutional Resources of the University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, and the Einstein Medical Institute.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Lipid Membrane Interaction of Amyloidogenic Peptides
Authors: Dey Simli , Gupta Ankur , Bhowmik Debanjan , Das Anirban , Rawat Anoop , Maiti Sudipta 
Published: June 2021

Membrane interaction appears to be a key step in the toxic pathway of many amyloidogenic proteins, such as Amyloidβ (Aβ40/42, associated with Alzheimer's disease) and hIAPP (associated with Type II diabetes). While the oligomers are generally considered to be more toxic than either the monomers or the fibrils, the exact identity of the toxic oligomer has remained a matter of debate. How much the local structure and composition of the membrane influences the binding of the oligomers is another controversial issue.Here we use a combination of single‐molecule fluorescence techniques (e.g. single molecule photobleaching (smPB) and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS)) and atomic force microscopy to quantitatively address these two issues. smPB measurements of freshly prepared hIAPP in physiological solution and on a supported lipid bilayer (composed of POPC: POPG: Cholesterol 1:1:1) allow us to measure the relative affinity of each oligomeric species. Our measurements show that both monomers and small oligomers (1–5 mers) have high affinity for the membrane, and dimers appear to have the highest affinity. However, FCS measurements show that the monomers have much lower affinity than the oligomers, Though FCS is unable to resolve the contribution of individual types of oligomers. It is likely that the smPB measurements are skewed by pre‐measurement photobleaching which is a known problem with this technique. We have now developed a method to measure pre‐bleaching, and are in the process of calibrating our results.We have also addressed the influence of the local membrane structure on binding of hIAPP oligomers. This aspect may throw light on the initiation of these diseases in the human body. We use a ternary neutral lipid mixture (DOPC: Sphingomyelin: Cholesterol in 2:2:1 mole ratio) to make stable phase separated bilayers. We use an AFM to map the bilayer surface topology, and a synchronized home‐built confocal microscope to simultaneously map the distribution of the fluorescently labeled peptides on this bilayer. We find that small oligomers of hIAPP bind preferentially to the disordered (Ld) phase, compared to the ordered phase Lo, with a binding ratio of Ld:Lo = 9:1. Our studies thus quantify the membrane interaction of small n‐mers of hIAPP as a function of n, and also show that local membrane organization can play a dominant role in determining membrane interactions.Support or Funding InformationTata Institute of Fundamental ResearchThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Physicochemical Analysis of Outer Membrane Vesicles Isolated from Escherichia coli Harboring the Pks Genes
Authors: Morales‐Lozada Yermary , Torres‐Montañez Stephanie , Muñoz‐Santiago Ricardo , Díaz‐Cartagena Diana C. , Gómez‐Moreno Ramón , Baerga‐Ortiz Abel 
Published: June 2021

Almost all gram‐negative bacteria secrete sphere‐like proteoliposomes named outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). These vesicles provide the bacteria a vehicle for the secretion of outer membrane molecules and periplasmic content. The pks island is a gene cluster present in some strains of bacteria in the human gut microbiota, which has been correlated with the development of colorectal cancer due to the promotion of tumor growth, DNA damage and toxicity in transiently infected eukaryotic cells. The pks island genes encode a sequence of enzymes for the biosynthesis of a compound that we hypothesize is transported from the bacteria to cells by OMVs. The main objective of this investigation is to analyze physically OMVs isolated from E. coli strains harboring and lacking the pks island genes. To achieve this objective, OMVs were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to assess any morphological differences between them. Results show that pks+ E. coli strains produce more vesicles than the pks− strain. As expected, vesicle diameters are around 50 – 280 nm. The OMVs from pks+ and pks− strains have similar diameter distribution between them, but markedly different compared against the lab strain DH10B. We conclude that the presence of pks island is associated with events in the production of OMVs but not with the structure and length of them.Support or Funding InformationRISE Program Grant #5R25GM061151‐16This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Investigating the Role of the BRCA2 C‐Terminus in Homologous Recombination
Authors: Chiang Alex , Ladino Natalie , Lee Kaya , Lu Ashley , Srikanth Nina , Stearns William , Wen Collin , Williams Samuel , Jensen Ryan B , D'Ausilio Morgan E 
Published: June 2021

The tumor suppressor protein, BRCA2, acts as a mediator for DNA double stranded break repair via homologous recombination (HR). Mutations in BRCA2 lead to a higher risk of tumor formation, particularly in breast and ovarian cancers. The C‐terminus of BRCA2 plays an important role in the protein's overall ability to bind to DNA during HR. Of the identified tumor associated BRCA2 mutations, 27% are found in the C‐terminus, suggesting the significance of this region in tumor suppression. An important function of the C‐terminus is the ability to bind DSS1, a small, acidic protein found to be critical for DNA repair. DSS1 supports the stability of BRCA2 and is thought to act as a DNA mimic, dissociating replication protein A (RPA) from single stranded DNA (ssDNA). As RPA dissociates, the ssDNA becomes available for RAD51 binding and nucleoprotein filament formation leading to the repair of damaged DNA. When DSS1 is altered or absent, BRCA2 is unable to promote dissociation of RPA from ssDNA and a decrease in HR efficiency is observed. The Pingry School SMART Team, in conjunction with MSOE Center for BioMolecular Modeling, used 3D modeling and printing technology to examine the structure‐function relationship of BRCA2, DSS1, and ssDNA. While further research is necessary to more completely characterize the roles of DSS1 and the BRCA2 C‐terminus in HR, the Pingry School SMART Team model aims to describe the structural relationship between these proteins.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by The Pingry School.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Hissing cockroaches may save water by closing their spiracles.
Authors: Vrtar Andrew , Keene Blake , Contreras Heidy Lorena 
Published: June 2021

We examined the effects of humidity on the metabolic rates and respiratory patterns of Gromphadorhina portentosa to determine whether insects transition from continuous, cyclical and discontinuous (DGC) respiration in response to water conservation. Eight male G.portentosa were placed under 5 different humidity treatments (0, 23, 40, 60, 80% RH). Using flow through respirometry we: 1) determined the effect of humidity on metabolic rate; 2) observed if changes in metabolic rate were correlated with changes in closed/flutter (CF) or the open (O) phase of DGC; and 3) determined whether increased spiracular closure was correlated with an increase in water retention. Although G. portentosa had similar rates of CO2 release when placed under 0, 40, 60 and 80% RH, cockroaches placed at 23% RH had a significantly higher metabolic rate. There was no effect of humidity on the duration of the CF phase of the DGC. However, the O phase of DGC was significantly longer when G. portentosa was placed at humidity levels above 23% RH. Interestingly we saw that the average rate of mass lost to the environment did not change when cockroaches were placed at humidity levels ranging from 0–80% RH. This suggests that modulation of the spiracles allows G. portentosa to regulate the amount of water lost to the environment.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Transcriptomics in Skeletal Muscle of Lean vs Overweight/Obese Men
Authors: Devarshi Prasad P , Jones Aarin D , Taylor Erin M , Henagan Tara M 
Published: June 2021

Aerobic exercise improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and improved insulin sensitivity in lean and overweight and obese (Ov/Ob) individuals; however, the genes important in determining the beneficial effects of exercise in both lean and Ov/Ob individuals are still largely unknown. Here, we aimed to identify genes similarly expressed in lean and Ov/Ob skeletal muscle following an acute bout of exercise. 30 men, aged 19–30 years, were recruited and divided into two groups: lean (BMI<25, 18.5–24.1 kg/m2, n=15) and Ov/Ob (BMI≥25, 25.5–36.9 kg/m2, n=15). Four hours after eating a standardized high‐carbohydrate breakfast (7 kcal/kg; 60% carbohydrate, 25% fat, 15% protein), participants performed an acute bout of cycling exercise (50% VO2max, spending ~650 kcal). Vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples were collected prior to (Pre) and immediately following (Post) the acute exercise bout. In skeletal muscle, gene expression by RNA‐seq was determined using the Illumina platform. For analysis, TopHat was used for sequence alignment and Cuffdiff for differential gene expression analysis with FDR set at 0.05. ~97% of all sequenced reads from RNA‐seq aligned to the genome. Gene Ontology analysis was performed using DAVID. Analysis showed that 297 genes were differentially regulated between lean Pre and Ov/Ob Pre, 1230 genes between lean Pre and lean Post, 1123 genes between Ov/Ob Pre and Ov/Ob Post and 161 between lean Post and Ov/Ob Post. In both lean and Ov/Ob, genes upregulated following exercise were enriched for GO terms related to lipid metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis/function and insulin signaling. Pathway analysis revealed that the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway was one of the pathways enriched in both lean Post and Ov/Ob Post, with 11 genes in the pathway upregulated in lean Post and 9 in Ov/Ob Post. In conclusion, it is possible that similar expression of genes following exercise may account for the increased responsiveness in mitochondrial function and insulin signaling in both lean and Ov/Ob.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by Ralph W. and Grace M. Showalter Research Trust grant and Indiana CTSI funds to TMH.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Heat Shock Protein Response During a Prolonged Ultraendurance Cycling Event in Hot and Humid Conditions
Authors: Lopez Virgilio , Colburn Abigail T , Wright Skylar S , Dadzie Ekow C , Armstrong Lawrence , Vingren Jakob , Boyett James , McDermott Brendon , Butts Cory , Melford Colin , Munoz Colleen , Kunces Laura , Seal Adam , Lee Elaine C 
Published: June 2021

The heat shock protein (HSP) response is critical to the cellular stress response. Circulating, extracellular stress‐inducible HSP72 is known to respond to exercise‐heat stress, but little is known about other, constitutively expressed and fundamental members of the HSP family. The aim of this study was to investigate the extracellular HSP27, HSP60, and HSP90α response during a prolonged cycling event in hot and humid conditions. Seventy‐six subjects (mean±SD: age, 51.64±10.47 years; height, 176.44±6.85 cm; mass, 86.78±13.93 kg) were recruited at the Hotter'n Hell 100 mile cycling event in Wichita Falls, Texas. Blood and urine samples, as well as data on body weight and gastrointestinal temperature (TGI) were recorded before (pre) and after (post) the event. Plasma was isolated from blood samples, stored at −80°C, and later analyzed with StressMarq Biosciences ELISAs for HSP27, HSP60, and HSP90α concentrations. Student's t‐test was used to test for significant differences of means. TGI significantly increased from pre to post (pre: 37.14±0.55 °C; post: 38.12±0.79 °C; p<0.05). HSP27 and HSP90α were both significantly elevated post race (pre27: 2.73±0.51 ng × mL−1; post27: 3.46±0.73 ng × mL−1; pre90α: 18.03±3.27 ng × mL−1; post90α: 21.53±4.84 ng × mL−1; p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in HSP60 plasma concentration from pre to post (pre: 44.05±7.38; post: 43.65±6.81; p=0.77). In conclusion, significant increases in circulating HSP27 and HSP90α suggest that chaperones required for thermotolerance and protein degradation or folding during heat stress increase in extracellular compartments post exercise‐heat stress. However, our data suggest that chaperones specifically involved in mitochondrial protein assembly or molecular danger signals like HSP60 are not elevated in blood fractions. Ongoing work will characterize cellular expression of these proteins in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Support or Funding InformationNew investigator start‐up, McNair Scholar ProgramThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Photobiomodulation And Exercise Training Contribute To Protect The Cardiovascular System In Experimental Monoarthritis
Authors: Zamuner Stella Regina , Zamuner Luis Fernando , de Paulo Alves Silva Marcelo , de Angelis Katia , Chavantes Maria Cristina 
Published: June 2021

It has been shown that the inflammatory process causes autonomic changes in arthritis. This study examined the effect of non‐invasive therapies involving photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and exercise training (ET) on cardiovascular changes in experimental monoarthritis. Male Wistar rats (n=40) were randomly divided into five groups: sedentary control (C); arthritis (A); arthritis plus PBMT (AP); arthritis plus exercise training (AT); AP plus AT (APT). Monoarthritis was induced by intra‐articular injection of zymosan (1 mg in 50 μl of a sterile saline solution) into one rear knee joint. Moderate‐intensity training was performed on a treadmill (8 weeks/5 days a week, 40–60% maximum exercise test, 50 min/day) and PBMT was applied at 660 nm (power output 5 mW, power density 0.1 W/cm2, energy density 2.5 J/cm2, spot size 0.04 cm2 and 20 sec irradiation time), twice a week. Evaluations of cardiac function, cardiovascular autonomic modulation, leukocyte recruitment as well as articular structure of the knee joint were measured. Ethics Committee: AN009/2014. Trained rats presented lower body weight, an increase in the maximum speed of running and lower heart rate compared to sedentary groups. Hemodynamic data showed no statistical difference among groups. In frequency domain analysis, low frequency (LF) power, indicating mainly sympathetic activity, was increased in A and AP groups, ET caused a decreased in LF power in these groups. High frequency (HF) power, indicating parasympathetic activity, was decreased in A and AP groups and ET caused an increase of HF power. The association treatment induced a reduction of LF/HF, which is associated with resting bradycardia. In addition, a better tissue organization fibers and less inflammatory cell were observed in both AP, AT and APT group, as compared to A group. In conclusion, PBMT and ET (associated or not) exert beneficial effects in arthritic rats. These benefits were related to the autonomic cardiovascular balance and the improvement of the inflammatory process in the knee joints.Support or Funding InformationGrant fund: CNPq and UNINOVEThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Terminal sequences in the M protein of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 is important for virus egress
Authors: Ueda Haruna 
Published: June 2021

Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3), which is one of the most important respiratory pathogens in cattle, impairs the global cattle industry. To gain insights into the virus particle formation of BPIV3, we focused on the membrane (M) protein, which is thought to interact with the host cell membrane and virus ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. First, we generated M‐gene‐deficient BPIV3 (ΔM) that can propagate in cells transfected with M protein‐expressing plasmids. With ΔM and modified M gene, we found that 10‐ amino‐acid or 4‐amino‐acid deletion from its N terminal or C terminal completely abrogated virus infectivity. Furthermore, vero cells transfected with M genes produced and released virus‐like particle (VLP) even without virus infection. VLP production was also induced with an M gene in which the terminal sequence was deleted for a few amino acids. These results suggest that the terminal structures of M protein interact with RNP, which affects virus infectivity. Though the actual three‐dimensional structures of both terminals are still unclear, these findings demonstrate the importance of a few amino acids in the terminal of M protein for virus infection. These results can contribute to further research on virus M protein function and antiviral development.Support or Funding InformationOhkura T, Minakuchi M, Sagai M, Kokuho T, Konishi M, Kameyama K, Takeuchi K. Infection of the upper respiratory tract of hamsters by the bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 BN‐1 strain expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein. Virology. 476:134–40; 2015This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Chronic fluid and electrolyte imbalance contributes to brain inflammation and the development of cardiovascular complications in streptozotocin‐treated diabetic rats
Authors: Alzahrani Omar Awad , Habeeballah Hamza Habeeb , Alahmadi Emad Awad , Badoer Emilio , Stebbing Martin 
Published: June 2021

We previously showed specific microglial activation within cardiovascular control centers, in the brains of streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Microglial activation within the PVN of STZ diabetic rats was not evident until the 6th week after STZ treatment, and was preceded by neuronal activation in the PVN and associated with chronic dehydration and electrolyte imbalance (1). Furthermore, giving STZ diabetic rats 1% saline to drink after the induction of diabetes increased blood pressure (BP) (2). Therefore, we sought to investigate the complex relationships among PVN microglial activation, the development of diabetic cardiovascular complications and the effect of saline intake. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were given a single injection of STZ via the tail vein to induce diabetes. Throughout the experiment fluid intake and BP parameters were monitored in control rats and diabetic rats given tap water or saline to drink. Echocardiography was used to measure cardiac function and tail cuff was used to record BP. Microglial morphology was quantified using immunohistochemistry for CD11b (1). Here we show that, two weeks after the induction of diabetes in STZ diabetic rats drinking 1% saline, BP was elevated and microglial activation was prominent in the PVN in comparison to diabetic rats drinking tap water. However, by week 6, STZ diabetic rats given tap water to drink showed elevated polydipsia, blood parameters consistent with dehydration, activation of PVN microglia, and functional signs of cardiomyopathy, whereas STZ diabetic rats drinking 1% saline did not, suggesting a delicate balance between electrolyte intake and electrolyte loss in these animals. In a separate set of experiments STZ diabetic rats were given 0.9% saline,+/‐20 mM KCl or 1 mM MgCl to drink. At the second week after the induction of diabetes, rats drinking 0.9% saline showed no elevations in blood pressure; whereas STZ diabetic rats drinking saline + 20 mM KCl or 1 mM MgCl showed BP elevations. All STZ diabetic rats were given low level insulin supplementation to prevent dehydration and showed no sign of cardiomyopathy even after 10 weeks of diabetes. We conclude that neuroinflammation in the PVN and other cardiovascular control centers, secondary to chronic fluid and electrolyte imbalances may contribute to the development of diabetic complications and preventing dehydration may be therapeuticThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.