bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuity of maternal healthcare services utilisation in Indonesia: analysis of determinants from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Andriani Helen , Rachmadani Salma Dhiya , Natasha Valencia , Saptari Adila 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveWHO recommends that every pregnant woman and newborn receive quality care throughout the pregnancy, delivery and postnatal periods. However, Maternal Mortality Ratio in Indonesia for 2015 reached 305 per 100 000 live births, which exceeds the target of Sustainable Development Goals (<70 per 100 000 live births). Receiving at least four times antenatal care (ANC4+) and skilled birth attendant (SBA) during childbirth is crucial for preventing maternal and neonatal deaths. The study aims to assess the determinants of ANC4 +and SBA independently, evaluate the distribution of utilisation of ANC4 + and SBA services, and further investigate the associations of two levels of continuity of services utilisation in IndonesiaDesignData from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey, a cross-sectional and large-scale national survey conducted in 2017 were used.SettingThis study was set in Indonesia.ParticipantsThe study involved ever-married women of reproductive age (15–49 years) and had given birth in the last 5 years prior to the survey (n=15 288). The dependent variables are the use of ANC4 + and SBA. Individual, family and community factors, such as age, age at first birth, level of education, employment status, parity, autonomy in healthcare decision-making, level of education, employment status of spouses, household income, mass media consumption residence and distance from health facilities were also measured.ResultsResults showed that 11 632 (76.1%) women received ANC4 + and SBA during childbirth. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, age at first birth, and parity have a statistically significant association with continuity of services utilisation. The odds of using continuity of services were higher among women older than 34 years (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.54; 95% CI 1.31 to 1.80) compared with women aged 15–24 years. Women with a favourable distance from health facilities were more likely to receive continuity of services utilisation (aOR 1.39; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.57).ConclusionsThe continuity of services utilisation is associated with age, reproductive status, family influence and accessibility-related factors. Findings demonstrated the importance of enhancing early reproductive health education for men and women. The health system reinforcement, community empowerment and multisectoral engagement enhance accessibility to health facilities, reduce financial and geographical barriers, and produce strong quality care.
Costimulation of γδTCR and TLR7/8 promotes Vδ2 T-cell antitumor activity by modulating mTOR pathway and APC function
Authors: Wang Huaishan , Chen Hui , Liu Shujing , Zhang Jie , Lu Hezhe , Somasundaram Rajasekharan , Choi Robin , Zhang Gao , Ou Lingling , Scholler John , Tian Shifu , Dong Liyun , Yeye Guo , Huang Lili , Connelly Thomas , Li Ling , Huang Alexander , Mitchell Tara C , Fan Yi , June Carl H , Mills Gordon B , Guo Wei , Herlyn Meenhard , Xu Xiaowei 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundGamma delta (γδ) T cells are attractive effector cells for cancer immunotherapy. Vδ2 T cells expanded by zoledronic acid (ZOL) are the most commonly used γδ T cells for adoptive cell therapy. However, adoptive transfer of the expanded Vδ2 T cells has limited clinical efficacy.MethodsWe developed a costimulation method for expansion of Vδ2 T cells in PBMCs by activating γδ T-cell receptor (γδTCR) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 using isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and resiquimod, respectively, and tested the functional markers and antitumoral effects in vitro two-dimensional two-dimensional and three-dimensional spheroid models and in vivo models. Single-cell sequencing dataset analysis and reverse-phase protein array were employed for mechanistic studies.ResultsWe find that Vδ2 T cells expanded by IPP plus resiquimod showed significantly increased cytotoxicity to tumor cells with lower programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression than Vδ2 T cells expanded by IPP or ZOL. Mechanistically, the costimulation enhanced the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–protein kinase B (PKB/Akt)–the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and the TLR7/8–MyD88 pathway. Resiquimod stimulated Vδ2 T-cell expansion in both antigen presenting cell dependent and independent manners. In addition, resiquimod decreased the number of adherent inhibitory antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and suppressed the inhibitory function of APCs by decreasing PD-L1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) expression in these cells during in vitro Vδ2 T-cell expansion. Finally, we showed that human Vδ2 T cells can be expanded from PBMCs and spleen of humanized NSG mice using IPP plus resiquimod or ZOL, demonstrating that humanized mice are a promising preclinical model for studying human γδ T-cell development and function.ConclusionsVδ2 T cells expanded by IPP and resiquimod demonstrate improved anti-tumor function and have the potential to increase the efficacy of γδ T cell-based therapies.
Effect of fluoxetine treatment on neurotoxicity induced by lysolecithin in male rats
Authors: Gholami Elham , Gholami Mohammad Reza , Tavakoli Asadollah , Ahmadi Mahdie , Rezaian Jafar , Alipour Maryam , Chehelcheraghi Farzaneh , Khaksarian Mojtaba 
Published: December 2021

Demyelination disorder is an unusual pathologic event, which occurs in the central nervous system (CNS). Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects the CNS, and it is the leading cause of disability in young adults. Lysolecithin (LPC) is one of the best toxin-induced demyelination models. In this study, a suitable model is created, and the effect of fluoxetine treatment is examined on this model. In this case, it was assumed that daily fluoxetine treatment had increased the endogenous remyelination in the LPC model. This study was focused on investigating the influence of the fluoxetine dose of 5 or 10 mg/kg per day for 1 and 4 weeks on LPC-induced neurotoxicity in the corpus callosum region. It was performed as a demyelinating model in male Wistar rats. After 3 days, fluoxetine was injected intraperitoneally (5 or 10 mg/kg per day) for 1 and 4 weeks in each group. After completing the treatment course, the corpus callosum was removed to examine the gene expression and histological analysis was performed. The results of the histopathological study of hematoxylin and eosin staining of the corpus callosum showed that in 1 and 4-week treatment groups, fluoxetine has reduced the level of inflammation at the LPC injection site (5 and 10 mg/kg per day). Fluoxetine treatment in the luxol fast blue (LFB) staining of the corpus callosum has been led to an increase in myelination capacity in all doses and times. The results of the genetic study showed that the fluoxetine has significantly reduced the expression level of tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor κβ, and induced nitric oxide synthase in comparison with the untreated LPC group. Also, the fluoxetine treatment has enhanced the expression level of the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) gene in comparison with the untreated group. Fluoxetine has increased the expression level of myelination and neurotrophic genes such as myelin basic protein (MBP), oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The outcomes demonstrated that fluoxetine reduces inflammation and strengthens the endogenous myelination in the LPC-induced demyelination model; however, supplementary studies are required for specifying the details of its mechanisms.
Exotic final states in the $$\varphi ^8$$ multi-kink collisions
Authors: Gani Vakhid A. , Moradi Marjaneh Aliakbar , Javidan Kurosh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study final states in the scattering of kinks and antikinks of the $$\varphi ^8$$

φ
8

field-theoretic model. We use the initial conditions in the form of two, three or four static or moving kinks. In the numerical experiments we observe a number of different processes such as emergence of static and moving oscillons, change of the kink’s topological sector, scattering of an oscillon by a kink, production of kink–antikink pairs in oscillon–oscillon collisions. In antikink–kink collisions for asymmetric kinks, we found resonance phenomena – escape windows.
Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Outcome in Heart Failure With Mid-Range and Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: van Woerden Gijs , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Manintveld Olivier C. , van Empel Vanessa P.M. , Willems Tineke P. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Rienstra Michiel , Westenbrink B. Daan , Gorter Thomas M. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) accumulation is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) with mid-range and preserved ejection fraction, but its effect on outcome is unknown. We evaluated the prognostic value of EAT volume measured with cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with HF with mid-range ejection fraction and HF with preserved ejection fraction.

Methods:
Patients enrolled in a prospective multicenter study that investigated the value of implantable loop-recorders in HF with mid-range ejection fraction and HF with preserved ejection fraction were analyzed. EAT volume was quantified with cardiac magnetic resonance. Main outcome was the composite of all-cause mortality and first HF hospitalizations. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI are described per SD increase in EAT.

Results:

We studied 105 patients (mean age 72±8 years, 50% women, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction 53±8%). During median follow-up of 24 (17–25) months, 31 patients (30%) died or were hospitalized for HF. In univariable analysis, EAT was significantly associated with a higher risk of the composite outcome (HR, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.24–2.50],
P
=0.001), and EAT remained associated with outcome after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index (HR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.13–2.31],
P
=0.009), and after adjustment for New York Heart Association functional class and N-terminal of pro-brain natriuretic peptide (HR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.04–2.24],
P
=0.03). Furthermore, EAT was associated with all-cause mortality alone (HR, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.26–3.37],
P
=0.004) and HF hospitalizations alone (HR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.04–2.30],
P
=0.03).

Conclusions:
EAT accumulation is associated with adverse prognosis in patients with HF with mid-range ejection fraction and HF with preserved ejection fraction. This finding supports the importance of EAT in these patients with HF.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01989299.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Following Diagnostic Angiography by Noninterventional Versus Interventional Cardiologists: Insights From the CathPCI Registry
Authors: Lima Fabio V. , Manandhar Pratik , Wojdyla Daniel , Wang Tracy , Aronow Herbert D. , Kadiyala Vishnu , Weissler E. Hope , Madan Nidhi , Gilchrist Ian C. , Grines Cindy , Abbott J. Dawn 
Published: December 2021

Background:
There are limited contemporary, national data describing diagnostic cardiac catheterization with subsequent percutaneous coronary intervention (ad hoc percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]) performed by an invasive-diagnostic and interventional (Dx/IC) operator team versus solo interventional operator (solo-IC). Using the CathPCI Registry, this study aimed at analyzing trends and outcomes in ad hoc PCI among Dx/IC versus solo-IC operators.

Methods:
Quarterly rates (January 2012 to March 2018) of ad hoc PCI cases by Dx/IC and solo-IC operators were obtained. Odds of inhospital major adverse cardiovascular events, net adverse cardiovascular events (ie, composite major adverse cardiovascular event+bleeding), and rarely appropriate PCI were estimated using multivariable regression.

Results:
From 1077 sites, 1 262 948 patients were included. The number of invasive-diagnostic operators and cases performed by Dx/IC teams decreased from nearly 9% to 5% during the study period. Patients treated by Dx/IC teams were more often White and had fewer comorbidities compared with patients treated by solo-IC operators. Considerable variation existed across sites, and over two-fifths of sites had 0% ad hoc PCI performed by Dx/IC. In adjusted analyses, ad hoc performed by Dx/IC had similar risks of major adverse cardiovascular event (OR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.97–1.11]) and net adverse cardiovascular events (OR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.94–1.03]) compared with solo-IC. Rarely appropriate PCI, although low overall (2.1% versus 1.9%) occurred more often by Dx/IC compared with solo-IC (OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.13–1.26]).

Conclusions:
Contemporary, nationwide data from the CathPCI Registry demonstrates the number of Dx/IC operator teams and cases has decreased but that case volume is stable among operators. Outcomes were independent of operator type, which supports current practice patterns. The finding of a higher risk of rarely appropriate PCI in Dx/IC teams should be further studied.
Differential Hemodynamic Response of Pial Arterioles Contributes to a Quadriphasic Cerebral Autoregulation Physiology
Authors: Klein Samuel P. , De Sloovere Veerle , Meyfroidt Geert , Depreitere Bart 
Published: December 2021

Background
Cerebrovascular autoregulation (CA) regulates cerebral vascular tone to maintain near‐constant cerebral blood flow during fluctuations in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). Preclinical and clinical research has challenged the classic triphasic pressure‐flow relationship, leaving the normal pressure‐flow relationship unclear.

Methods and Results

We used in vivo imaging of the hemodynamic response in pial arterioles to study CA in a porcine closed cranial window model during nonpharmacological blood pressure manipulation. Red blood cell flux was determined in 52 pial arterioles during 10 hypotension and 10 hypertension experiments to describe the pressure‐flow relationship. We found a quadriphasic pressure‐flow relationship with 4 distinct physiological phases. Smaller arterioles demonstrated greater vasodilation during low CPP when compared with large arterioles (
P
<0.01), whereas vasoconstrictive capacity during high CPP was not significantly different between arterioles (
P
>0.9). The upper limit of CA was defined by 2 breakpoints. Increases in CPP lead to a point of maximal vasoconstriction of the smallest pial arterioles (upper limit of autoregulation [ULA] 1). Beyond ULA1, only larger arterioles maintain a limited additional vasoconstrictive capacity, extending the buffer for high CPP. Beyond ULA2, vasoconstrictive capacity is exhausted, and all pial arterioles passively dilate. There was substantial intersubject variability, with ranges of 29.2, 47.3, and 50.9 mm Hg for the lower limit, ULA1, and ULA2, respectively.

Conclusions
We provide new insights into the quadriphasic physiology of CA, differentiating between truly active CA and an extended capacity to buffer increased CPP with progressive failure of CA. In this experimental model, the limits of CA widely varied between subjects.
Ventricular Arrhythmias Among Patients With Advanced Heart Failure: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Tan Nicholas Y. , Roger Veronique L. , Killian Jill M. , Cha Yong‐Mei , Noseworthy Peter A. , Dunlay Shannon M. 
Published: December 2021

Background
The epidemiology of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in patients with advanced heart failure (HF) is not well defined.

Methods and Results

Residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, with advanced HF from 2007 to 2017 were identified using the 2018 European Society of Cardiology criteria. Billing codes were used to capture VAs; severe VAs requiring emergency care were defined as events associated with emergency department visits or hospitalizations. The cumulative incidence of VAs postadvanced HF was estimated with the Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariable Cox analyses were used to determine the following: (1) Predictors of severe VAs postadvanced HF; and (2) Impact of severe VAs on mortality. Of 936 patients with advanced HF, 261 (27.9%) had a history of VA. The 1‐year cumulative incidence of severe VAs postadvanced HF was 5.4%. Prior VAs (hazard ratio [HR] 2.22 [95% CI, 1.26–3.89],
P
=0.006) and left ventricular ejection fraction <40% (HR, 3.79 [95% CI, 1.72–8.39],
P
<0.001) were independently associated with increased severe VA risk postadvanced HF. New‐onset severe VAs were associated with increased mortality (HR, 4.41 [95% CI, 2.80–6.94];
P
<0.001), whereas severe VAs in patients with prior VAs had no significant association with mortality risk (HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.65–1.78];
P
=0.77). Severe VAs were associated with increased mortality in patients without implantable cardioverter defibrillators (HR, 4.89 [95% CI, 2.89–8.26];
P
<0.001), but not in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (HR, 1.42 [95% CI, 0.92–2.19];
P
=0.11).

Conclusions
Patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <40% and prior VAs have increased risk of severe VA postadvanced HF. New‐onset severe VAs or severe VAs without implantable cardioverter defibrillators postadvanced HF are associated with increased mortality.
Mild Luminal Stenosis of Parent Artery and Neurologic Deterioration After Acute Lacunar Stroke
Authors: Yang Dixon , Gutierrez Jose , Cutting Shawna , Raz Eytan , Gurel Kursat , Torres Jose , Mac Grory Brian , Scher Erica , Pirooz Sahnaz , Havenon Adam de , Ishida Koto , Furie Karen , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Yaghi Shadi 
Published: December 2021

Background
Early neurologic deterioration (END) occurs in a quarter of acute lacunar infarcts, but the underlying pathophysiological features are poorly understood. We sought to determine the association between luminal stenosis (<50%) of the parent artery and END.

Methods
This observational study included consecutive patients with lacunar stroke from the ischemic stroke registries of New York University Langone Health and Brown University. All included patients were admitted for acute lacunar stroke, which was defined as a subcortical infarct <1.5 cm on computed tomography or <2 cm on diffusion‐weighted imaging without significant stenosis (>50%) in the parent vessel and no cardioembolic source. We defined END as any neurologic deterioration referable to the acute lacunar stroke and not related to a medical or noncerebrovascular neurological complication. We used univariate and logistic regression analyses to determine associations between luminal stenosis (<50%) and the odds of END. Furthermore, we attempted to validate findings using the Columbia University Medical Center stroke registry and perform a meta‐analysis combining the derivation and validation groups because of the expected small samples and event rates.

Results
The New York University Langone Health and Brown University sample included 205 patients, of whom 41 (20%) had END. In adjusted models, we found no definite association between luminal stenosis (<50%) and END (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.74; 95% CI, 0.73–4.14). From Columbia University Medical Center, 361 total patients were included, of whom 59 (16%) had END. In adjusted models, we found an association between luminal stenosis (<50%) and END (adjusted OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.15–4.50). Meta‐analysis of both cohorts found luminal stenosis (<50%) associated with END (relative risk, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.17–2.43).

Conclusions
In this multicenter study, luminal stenosis (<50%) may be associated with END following an acute lacunar infarct. Larger studies using vessel wall imaging are needed to validate our findings.
To Augment or Not to Augment? A Comparative Study on Text Augmentation Techniques for Low-Resource NLP
Authors: Şahin Gözde Gül 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Data-hungry deep neural networks have established themselves as the de facto standard for many NLP tasks, including the traditional sequence tagging ones. Despite their state-of-the-art performance on high-resource languages, they still fall behind their statistical counterparts in low-resource scenarios. One methodology to counterattack this problem is text augmentation, that is, generating new synthetic training data points from existing data. Although NLP has recently witnessed several new textual augmentation techniques, the field still lacks a systematic performance analysis on a diverse set of languages and sequence tagging tasks. To fill this gap, we investigate three categories of text augmentation methodologies that perform changes on the syntax (e.g., cropping sub-sentences), token (e.g., random word insertion), and character (e.g., character swapping) levels. We systematically compare the methods on part-of-speech tagging, dependency parsing, and semantic role labeling for a diverse set of language families using various models, including the architectures that rely on pretrained multilingual contextualized language models such as mBERT. Augmentation most significantly improves dependency parsing, followed by part-of-speech tagging and semantic role labeling. We find the experimented techniques to be effective on morphologically rich languages in general rather than analytic languages such as Vietnamese. Our results suggest that the augmentation techniques can further improve over strong baselines based on mBERT, especially for dependency parsing. We identify the character-level methods as the most consistent performers, while synonym replacement and syntactic augmenters provide inconsistent improvements. Finally, we discuss that the results most heavily depend on the task, language pair (e.g., syntactic-level techniques mostly benefit higher-level tasks and morphologically richer languages), and model type (e.g., token-level augmentation provides significant improvements for BPE, while character-level ones give generally higher scores for char and mBERT based models).
Improved N-Best Extraction with an Evaluation on Language Data
Authors: Björklund Johanna , Drewes Frank , Jonsson Anna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We show that a previously proposed algorithm for the N-best trees problem can be made more efficient by changing how it arranges and explores the search space. Given an integer N and a weighted tree automaton (wta) M over the tropical semiring, the algorithm computes N trees of minimal weight with respect to M. Compared with the original algorithm, the modifications increase the laziness of the evaluation strategy, which makes the new algorithm asymptotically more efficient than its predecessor. The algorithm is implemented in the software Betty, and compared to the state-of-the-art algorithm for extracting the N best runs, implemented in the software toolkit Tiburon. The data sets used in the experiments are wtas resulting from real-world natural language processing tasks, as well as artificially created wtas with varying degrees of nondeterminism. We find that Betty outperforms Tiburon on all tested data sets with respect to running time, while Tiburon seems to be the more memory-efficient choice.
Anatomy of the Beginning of the Housing Boom across U.S. Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Ferreira Fernando , Gyourko Joseph 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We provide novel estimates of the location, timing, magnitude, and determinants of the start of the previous U.S. housing boom. The housing cycle cannot be interpreted as a single, national event, as different markets began to boom across a decade-long period, some of them multiple times. A fundamental factor, income of prospective buyers, can account for half of the initial jump in price growth, while expansion of purchases by underrepresented minorities cannot. The start of the boom also was financed conventionally, not by subprime mortgages. The latter's share did rise sharply over time, but only after a multiyear lag.