bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Energy Consumption of Rural Household Heating Mode in Winter
Authors: Xue Wenjing , Yang Jianhua , Yuan Jianpu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although rural household heating systems provide comfortable living environment in winter, household energy consumption increases year by year. The best household heating system has become a concerned issue in rural areas. Two main types of heating, a wall panel heating system and a radiant floor-heating system, are modelled and simulated according to some regulatory documents. The annual cost method and Value Engineering are used to compare the economy of two systems. The simulation results show that the rural household energy consumption of the radiant floor-heating system is lower than that of the wall panel heating system under the same comfortable condition. The final economic conclusion is that the radiant floor-heating system is more suitable in northern China.
Genome-wide Expression Analysis of Sulfite Tolerance Genes in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
Authors: Zhang Taikui , Liu Xiaozhen , Huang Xianbin , Zhang Zhiming , Zhang Hanyao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSulfite is an important food preservative that is widely used in wine brewing, and the mechanism of sulfite metabolism in some strains ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaehas been reported. However, there is still something unclear in the sulfite metabolism, because there are different mechanisms in the different strains. To study the sulfite metabolism in the transcriptional network and gene expression ofS. cerevisiaestrains,SSU1, andFZF1genes were identified from genome sequences of yeast strains, and the transcriptional profile was mined from cDNA microarray. The fifth zinc finger ofFZF1protein was found to be another vital region for regulation, just as the first and fourth fingers previously reported. The functional difference ofSSU1protein in all surveyed strains might be related to the variation sites at 19, 52, 164, 291 and 344, and that ofFZF1protein might be related to the variation sites at 100, 107, 115, 120 and 258. The sulfur-tolerant capability of EC1118, UWOPS03-461-4, UWOPS05-217-3, UWOPS05-227-2, YPS128 and YPS606 strains was higher than the other strains surveyed, according to the CAI value ofSSU1andFZF1genes. The evolutions ofSSU1andFZF1genes were pushed by the mutation pressures. The expression levels ofSSU1andFZF1genes might be enhanced byROX1, ADR1, YPR015C, HAP4andGIS1genes. In addition, the function ofYPR015Cwas validated, and theYPR015Cgene was firstly found to play an important role in regulating sulfite metabolism.
Secondary Salinization of Soils in Russia
Authors: Savin Igor , Avetyan Sergey , Shishkonakova Ekaterina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Secondary salinization is one of the most widespread types of soil degradation in Russia. It is most widely spread on irrigated lands in steppe and dry-steppe regions of the country. Based on data obtained over the past 30 years, the database on secondary salinization of soils in Russia has been updated. As a basis the data of the uniform state register of soils of Russia which is completely compatible to a format of the Soil and geographical database of the European Union are used. The information on prevalence of secondary saline soils and secondary sodic soils has been specified. It is shown that in Russia, in contrast to other countries of the world, a greater danger is secondary sodification of soils. The results are presented as vector layers in geoinformation format.
Characteristics and Affecting Factors of Sinkhole Development in Cho Don Area, Bac Kan Province, Vietnam
Authors: Hoang Nguyen Van , Hung Hoang Viet , Cuong Tran Quoc 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cho Don district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam is an area where mineral resources are very concentrated. The most potential minerals in the areas are iron, lead, zinc ores and construction materials with large reserves. The mines that have been explored and have large mineral reserves are mines in Bang Lung town’s surrounding area with reserve of about 5,032 thousand tons of ores. Na Tum mine in Cho Don district, Bac Kan province started to operate in April 2007, but since December 2007 up to now a number of large and very large sinkholes have been being developed and most likely shall be developed in future. Na Tum mine dewatering had been considered as a main induced sinkhole formation driving factor. Other necessary and sufficient conditions of sinkhole development and natural factors which accelerate sinkhole formation triggering mechanism have been studied and identified in this paper. The results are essentially important for future comprehensive detailed engineering geological, hydrogeolocical and geotechnical engineering investigation plan which is required for sinkhole geotechnical quantitative analysis, based on which both management and engineering measures to prevent the future sinkhole development, to provide sinkhole warning, to remediation of sinkholes, to carry out the local resident resettlement etc. can be developed. This is an important part of sustainable social-economical development and environmental protection in term of induced geohazards related to mining activities.
Waterways and Urban Morphology of Saigon HCMC Case Study of Xuyen Tam Canal Area in Ward 1 and 2, Binh Thanh District
Authors: Vu Hanh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Saigon- Hochiminh City (HCMC) has a long history of water-based development, defined by entire system of water transport routes, water-based living culture and productivities. Today, due to the declines of water transport and water-related social economic activities, water-based settlements have degraded the qualities of their living and working environments, negatively contributing to images of the city with pollutions, slums and garbage filled. In order to upgrade the conditions, improve water landscape, attract investments and accumulate economic growth, city government, with financial and technical supports from national and international levels, has carried many projects on water upgrading and redevelopment. The general objectives have been recorded as (1) (whole or partly) evictions of water-based communities/households, (2) constructions or widening of water-side roads, and (3) renovations and developments in vacant areas acquired from land pulling and readjustment. However, the effectiveness of evictions and resettlements of large number of households, the incomprehensive and passive plans for spatial renovations and upgrading after road constructions, and the demolitions of lots of valuable buildings have been questioned. If only are the values of water - based characteristics convincingly identified, the responsive and sensitive solutions for these areas are reasonably appropriate. This paper develops a framework to analyze values of these settlements from various aspects of spaces based upon morphological approach: the physical, the behavioral and emotional characters. Then, taking a section of Xuyen Tam canal as a case study, this paper applies the framework to analyze and discuss its future spatial transformation.
Plastic Pollution in the Ocean: The Impacts of Visual Information and Text on Beliefs, Attitudes, and Expected Behaviours
Authors: Turner Robert W 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An experiment is conducted using an internet-based survey about the problem of plastic pollution in oceans. Treatment groups consist of respondents viewing an underwater photograph illustrating plastic pollution in oceans and/or reading a one-sentence description of the magnitude of the problem. Treatment effects are estimated for a variety of attitude and belief measures as well as for respondents’ expectations about how their own and others’ behaviours will be affected. Results support the external validity of previous estimates as well as providing new insights. For the sample as a whole, estimated effects on expected behaviours are more significant than estimated effects on underlying beliefs and attitudes. Though there are few statistically significant effects on belief and attitude measures, each treatment does result in some statistically significant effects, however. Estimated effects on beliefs and attitudes for those who didn’t hold strong pre-existing pro-environmental attitudes and beliefs were large, suggesting that visual and/or textual information can have large impacts on that group. There are almost no differences across treatments, whether for the sample as a whole or for the subsamples. A large majority of respondents reported that the experimental treatment made them want to learn more about this important environmental problem.
Geophysical and Geochemical Assessment of Afuze Bentonitic Clay: Implication for Mud Drilling Additive in Drilling Industry
Authors: Senbore Samson S , Oke Saheed A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bentonitic clay is an important material required during drilling operation in oil and water industry. This study seeks to assess the deposit of the Bentonitic clay characteristics using geophysical techniques and geochemical assessment of the bentonitic clay unit in Afuze. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using Schlumberger electrode arrangement were carried out along six traverses to determine the subsurface lithological characteristics of the area. Representative samples of the bentonitic clay layers were collected for X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses and free swelling index parameters. The geophysical results show an appreciable thickness of the bentonitic clay unit among other stratigraphic units and are well defined based on its resistivity characteristic. The geochemical results show that the clay is a Ca-rich bentonitic type with a relatively low swelling properties and distinct to the Wyoming bentonite type. The Afuze bentonitic clay will be suitable for industrial application as drilling additives if beneficiated to increase the Na content in the clay and enhance its rheological properties for effective use in drilling operations.
Waterflooding Management: Challenges and Solutions During the Injection Process to Obtain Effectively and Environmentally Based Oil Recovery in Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Rini Dyah , Latuan  , Klea Ferdinandus , Prajanji I Gede O. S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Water is an important element for every creature in the earth. Almost 70% of earth surface is covered by water. Since 1974, not only contribute to life, water also can be used in oil and gas industry, to improve the oil recovery through waterflooding. Waterflood now became one of oil enhancement methods that often applied in oil field because it’s proved effective can enhance the oil recovery with minimum impacts to ecology and environment. However, the use of water in oil and gas industry requires comprehensive understanding about the technical problem and environmental impact during waterflooding process. Hence, in this study a review is carried out on several problems that occur in the waterflooding injection process and provides solutions so as to be able to manage projects effectively and efficiently also considering the environmental aspects.
Selected Hematological and Biochemical of the Peranakan Ongole (PO) Cattle in Different Stage of Reproductive in Indonesian Tropical Environment
Authors: Sarmin  , Hana A , Astuti P , Airin C M 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis research aimed to determine the proportional hematology and biochemistry in a different stage of estrous cycles and period of gestation and lactation in the Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle in Indonesia’s tropical environment. Thirty-three clinically healthy PO cattle were used in this research. Blood was collected for estrous, diestrus, metestrus, proestrus, pregnancy, and lactation groups for hematology and biochemistry analysis. The lymphocyte higher in estrous stages and lower in the lactation period (p<0.05). The triglyceride highest in all estrous cycles and pregnancy period and lowest in the lactation period (p<0.05). The highest glucose was found in lactation and lowest in proestrus (p<0.05). The potassium highest in proestrus and the lowest in estrous and lactation (p<0.05). This finding has revealed that fluctuations in the lymphocytes, triglyceride, and glucose in different stages of estrous cycles and pregnancy and lactation period. Blood and biochemical are affected by the stage of reproduction in the PO cattle in Indonesia’s tropical environment.
Analyzing Public Cognition and Attitudes toward Water Infrastructure in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Y H , Fan C W , Lou J R , Chang Chien C T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to understand public cognition and attitudes toward water infrastructure in Taiwan through survey responses and to further explore the relationship between the two. Results show that among the cognition variables, the percentage of correct answers given by the participants for the factor related to water infrastructure and it can impact the environment and society was the highest. As for the attitude variables, such as the exploitation of water sources and the construction of reservoirs, while the majority of the public stated that the environmental impact should be considered first, they do not agree with the government collecting additional fees from the public for the maintenance of facilities such as sewage treatment plants and pipelines. The correlation analysis shows that the correlation coefficient between the cognition and attitude variables is very low, indicating that attitudes cannot be influenced by either high or low conceptual knowledge of water infrastructure.
Risk Assessment of Mercury in Soil and Surface Water in Brgy. Santa Lourdes, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan
Authors: Langcay M L , Clemente E D , Arranz C G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mercury sources influence human health, especially in urban areas with high population density and intensive anthropogenic activities. Barangay Sta. Lourdes, Puerto Princesa, Palawan in South-Eastern Philippines, was one of the mercury hotspots with cinnabar as a primary mineral. The mines had to close because of economic downtrends during the 1970s. Several samples were taken from the area, and concentration distribution was determined to identify potential hazard exposure. Doses contacted through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption were calculated using US EPA exposure parameters. The soil was found to be enriched in Hg with the highest Total Hg (THg) recorded at 977.70 ppm. The correlation of soil pH and Hg shows a 0.64 decrease in THg for every unit increase in pH. High THg was noted during the rainy season and tended to erode mercury-laden soil into the river. The highest risk is associated with ingestion and dermal absorption, with negligible risk through air inhalation. The samples near the abandoned quicksilver mines recorded the highest THg concentrations with a hazard index (HI) greater than 1, signifying possible adverse health risks for the nearby residents. Mercury soil contamination maps indicated sources of the contamination, which can help future studies for remediation.
Tropical Cyclone Research in Asia: Hong Kong and Macao
Authors: Lau Yui-yip , Chau Ka Yin , Dulebenets Maxim A. , Tang YM , Guan Jieqi , Ying Tam Ka 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Due to climate change, the emergence of extreme weather has affected the global economic activities, human life, and the environmental sustainability. Tropical cyclones are considered as notable destructive weather systems, especially in coastal areas. This study aims to investigate the common features of the most destructive and devastating tropical cyclones in Hong Kong and Macao. A total of three representative tropical cyclones were selected for each city. The considered tropical cyclones were analyzed in terms of different attributes, including the year of occurrence, maximum wind speed, lowest pressure, total deaths, and total monetary losses. The results from the conducted analysis indicate that the costliest tropical cyclones were recorded in Hong Kong and Macao. In particular, the damages caused by typhoons Hato and Mangkhut totalled over $10 billion. Furthermore, this study discusses the need for the development of climate change mitigation strategies as well as increasing the public awareness regarding climate change and its consequences. The findings from this study can be further used by the relevant stakeholders to address the climate change effects on tropical cyclone occurrence as well as to design adaptation and resilience strategies against tropical cyclones in the forthcoming years.
Water is Not Flowing Wireless, Even in Smart Tunnels: Addressing Critical Issues for the New Stormwater and Wastewater Network in L’Aquila (Italy)
Authors: Scorzini A R , Di Bacco M , Leopardi M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As a consequence of the earthquake that struck L’Aquila (central Italy) on April 2009, the city is undergoing a complex process of reconstruction, not only aimed at the physical rehabilitation of the buildings, but also at the modernization and improvement of the utilities for an enhanced resilience and sustainability, towards the creation of a Smart City. The design of the Smart Tunnel, extending over the historical center of L’Aquila, has translated this new vision into reality. The basic idea behind the project is to collect and integrate the critical services in an underground concrete tunnel, in order to protect them from external threats and make them easily accessible and repairable, in case of disasters and/or for ordinary maintenance. This paper discusses critical hydraulic issues in the original project of the Smart Tunnel, highlighting that, for stormwater and wastewater networks, the adoption of a local design approach, without an appropriate consideration of external boundary conditions, could lead to ineffective solutions, because “water is not flowing wireless” even in Smart Tunnels.
Increase production of arachis pintoi and stenotaphrum secundatum within coconut trees by using of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF)
Authors: Rumambi A , Kaunang W B , Tangkere E S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The study was done in order to determine the effect of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) addition in the soil on plant height, fresh weight, dry matter yield and botanical composition of mixed plants of A. pintoi legume and Stenotaphrum secundatum grass within coconut trees. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this experiment, with 4 treatments as follows: T0 = 0 gr AMF, T1 = 5 gr AMF, T2 =10 gr AMF and T3 = 15 gr AMF, 5 replications each treatment. So, there were 20 of experimental units. Measurements were taken after 30 days of planting. The level of AMF showed a significantly effects (P<0.01) on all parameters among the treatments. It was found that the higher the AMF level, the taller the plant height, the heavier the fresh weight, the higher the dry matter yield and the more proportional the botanical composition of a mixture A. pintoi and S. secundatum. In short, the highest plant height, fresh weight and dry matter yield as well as the more proportional of botanical composition of A. pintoi and S. secundatum were found in the soil with application of 15 gr AMF.
The Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of an A/B Biaxial Rotary Milling Head
Authors: Tian Bin , Liang Guangshun , Zhang Yun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The biaxial rotary CNC universal milling head is an important functional part of the five-axis CNC machine tool, and its dynamic performance directly affects the machining accuracy of the machine tool. In this paper, the modal analysis and thermal error analysis of an A/B biaxial rotary milling head were carried out. The first six natural frequencies and modal shapes were obtained by the finite element method, and the modal test was carried out by LMS Test.Lab. The transient temperature field of the milling head during machining was obtained by the finite element method, and the thermal deformation experiment was carried out. The experimental results verify the validity of the finite element model within an acceptable error range. This paper provides theoretical references for the structural optimization and thermal error compensation of the A/B biaxial rotary milling head.
High Stock Removal Hard Turning of Hardened 52100 Steel with High-Pressure Coolant Applied
Authors: Song Xiaozhong , Dreussi Roman , Chaudhari Rahul G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hard turning experiments were conducted on hardened 52100 steel utilizing high-pressure (10.3 MPa) coolant. CBN inserts were used. The cutting conditions were investigated to obtain high stock removal with a feasible tool life on the large part hard turning process. A small thermocouple was mounted in a ground slot underneath the CBN insert tip, close to the cutting edge, to effectively measure the insert’s temperature during cutting. The cooling effect of the high-pressure coolant was evaluated by monitoring CBN insert crater wear and the time for the edge to become prematurely fractured. The temperature measurements show that the high-pressure coolant cools the insert more efficiently and has better lubrication capability leading to longer cut time without edge fracture. The study revealed that conventional low-pressure (0.4 MPa) coolant could not economically achieve high stock removal hard tuning due to high cutting temperature leading to premature fracture of the cutting edge. When using the high-pressure coolant and the optimized parameters, the tool life was enhanced by nearly 100%. The machined surface microstructure did not degrade even with the generation of very high shearing and friction heat energy in the cutting zone. Based on validation cut results and production part cycle assessment, the application of high-pressure coolant enables feasibility of high stock removal in hard turning with the ability to improve the productivity of large part rough stage turning by about 46%.
Comparison of Void Fraction on Annular and Churn Two-Phase Flow Patterns in Mini Pipe with a Slope of 15° Against Horizontal Position
Authors: Sukamta  , Sudarja  , Sundari Sri 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The two-phase flow is part of a multiphase flow, where the flow can consist of gas/vapor and liquid phases, which flow simultaneously. This study aims to compare the characteristics of void fraction values in the annular and churn flow patterns that can be known from the parameters of the gas and liquid superficial velocity, the length of the flow pattern, and the frequency of the flow pattern. But, in this study, the focus is on the superficial velocity of both gas and liquid. Tests were carried out on mini pipes with a diameter of 1.6 mm and a length of 160 mm with a slope of 15° to the horizontal position. Working fluid used was air and water mixed with glycerin with a concentration of 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%. Analysis of research results using the probability distribution function analysis with the help of Matlab and Microsoft Excel programs. The results showed that the comparison of the value of the void fraction of the annular and churn flow patterns was significantly influenced by several factors, namely the superficial velocity of the gas, the superficial velocity of the liquid, and the viscosity of the liquid. The higher the superficial velocity of the gas, the higher the value of the void fraction, so it tends to cause the annular flow pattern. And vice versa, the higher the superficial liquid velocity, the smaller the void fraction value will be and make the condition irregular, causing the churn flow pattern.