bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The phase space of meaning model of psychopathology: A computer simulation modelling study
Authors: Kleinbub Johann Roland , Testolin Alberto , Palmieri Arianna , Salvatore Sergio 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionThe hypothesis of a general psychopathology factor that underpins all common forms of mental disorders has been gaining momentum in contemporary clinical research and is known as thepfactor hypothesis. Recently, a semiotic, embodied, and psychoanalytic conceptualisation of thepfactor has been proposed called the Harmonium Model, which provides a computational account of such a construct. This research tested the core tenet of the Harmonium model, which is the idea that psychopathology can be conceptualised as due to poorly-modulable cognitive processes, and modelled the concept of Phase Space of Meaning (PSM) at the computational level.MethodTwo studies were performed, both based on a simulation design implementing a deep learning model, simulating a cognitive process: a classification task. The level of performance of the task was considered the simulated equivalent to the normality-psychopathology continuum, the dimensionality of the neural network’s internal computational dynamics being the simulated equivalent of the PSM’s dimensionality.ResultsThe neural networks’ level of performance was shown to be associated with the characteristics of the internal computational dynamics, assumed to be the simulated equivalent of poorly-modulable cognitive processes.DiscussionFindings supported the hypothesis. They showed that the neural network’s low performance was a matter of the combination of predicted characteristics of the neural networks’ internal computational dynamics. Implications, limitations, and further research directions are discussed.
The influence of cervical spine rehabilitation on bioelectrical activity (sEMG) of cervical and masticatory system muscles
Authors: Kielnar Renata , Mika Anna , Bylina Dorota , Sołtan Jarosław , Stolarczyk Artur , Pruszczyński Błażej , Racheniuk Henryk , Szczegielniak Jan , Królikowka Aleksandra , Oleksy Łukasz 
Published: April 2021

Background
Coexistence of temporomandibular joint discomfort along with cervical spine disorders is quite common, and is associated with many limitations and adverse symptoms for the patient. Both diagnostics and treatment of these ailments are difficult, and in many cases, the effects of therapy are not satisfactory. This study assessed the impact of a 3-week neck-only rehabilitation programme without direct intervention in the craniofacial area on the bioelectric activity of both the cervical spine and muscles in the craniofacial area among patients with idiopathic neck pain who do not report TMJ pain.

Design
A parallel group trial with follow-up; Setting: Rehabilitation Clinic.

Methods
Twenty five patients experiencing idiopathic neck pain underwent the 3-week rehabilitation programme. Thirty five age-matched subjects with no cervical spine and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunctions were control group. At baseline and after 3 weeks the cervical and craniofacial area muscles’ bioelectrical activity (sEMG) was evaluated.

Results
In the experimental group during cervical flexion, a significant decrease of sEMG amplitude was noted in the right (mean 25.1 μV; 95% CI: 21.5–28.6 vs mean 16.8 μV; 95% CI: 13.8–19.7) and left (mean 25.9 μV; 95% CI: 21.7–30.0 vs mean 17.2 μV; 95% CI: 13.6–20.7) Sternocleidomastoid as well as a significant increase in sEMG amplitude of the right (mean 11.1 μV; 95% CI: 7.9–14.2 vs mean 15.7 μV; 95% CI: 12.1–19.2) and left (mean 15.3 μV; 95% CI: 11.9–18.6 vs mean 20.2 μV; 95% CI: 15.7–24.2) Upper Trapezius muscles. In the experimental group, after therapy right and left Sternocleidomastoid, Temporalis Anterior and Masseter muscles presented lower fatigue levels.

Conclusions
Three weeks of rehabilitation without any therapeutic intervention in temporomandibular joint significantly decreased the bioelectrical activity of the neck and craniofacial muscles while improving the muscle pattern of coactivation in participants with idiopathic neck pain who do not report temporomandibular joint pain. These observations could be helpful in the physiotherapeutic treatment of neck and craniofacial area dysfunctions.

Trial registration
ID ISRCTN14511735—retrospectively registered.
Entorno digital y generación Z
Authors: Doardi Davide 
Published: April 2021

Para la ciencia cognitiva de la primera mitad de siglo XX la mente ocupa el mismo espacio segregado e individual que el cerebro. En este espacio la materia biológica es una contingencia que podría ser reemplazada por un soporte sintético, y los procesos relacionan sintácticamente símbolos de por sí desprovistos de significado. Prueba de la importancia que ha cobrado esta dimensión descontextualizada y desencarnada de la cognición es la popularidad de la neuroeducación. Según todas las tendencias que suscriben alguna forma de neurocentrismo en educación, el espacio donde ocurre el aprendizaje es el cerebro; sería por ende necesario partir de su estudio objetivo para entender y mejorar la educación. Este artículo utiliza los datos obtenidos por medio de observación participante de la dinámica social en aula, a lo largo de casi siete años de experiencia como docente de primaria y secundaria, para argumentar que la teoría computacional de la mente y la neurociencia no son suficientes para entender los cambios en modalidad de adquisición, memorización y procesamiento de la información por parte de la Generación Z. En general, los procesos cognitivos humanos son contextualizados, encarnados y distribuidos. Datos procedentes de la antropología cultural y la arqueología cognitiva brindan evidencia adicional a este enfoque. Se propone por lo tanto un marco teórico del procesamiento de la información basado en la cognición distribuida, a fin de aportar validez ecológica al estudio de la memoria y otros procesos cognitivos en ámbito educativo.
¿Son las universidades socialmente responsables?
Authors: Arias Valle Maria Belén , Berbegal-Mirabent Jasmina , Marimon-Viadiu Frederic 
Published: April 2021

La importancia de la responsabilidad social universitaria (RSU) viene dada por el compromiso que asume la universidad frente a sus grupos de interés. Producto de esta importancia es la realización de la presente investigación, que tiene como objetivo analizar el nivel de desempeño en RSU que las universidades comunican. Para ello se propone un procedimiento estructurado en cinco fases que analiza elementos de dirección estratégica y contempla el uso de indicadores de RSU nucleados en los cuatro ámbitos de impacto (organizacional, educativo, cognitivo y social). Para ello se ha aplicado una metodología cualitativa, que se apoya en el uso de un software de análisis de textos así como de diagramas de araña y de frecuencia. Para ilustrar su uso y el tipo de análisis que permite, se aplica el procedimiento al caso del sistema universitario catalán, presentando los resultados a distintos niveles. El estudio finaliza con la discusión de las implicaciones, las recomendaciones y las indicaciones para futuros trabajos.
Update and clinical management of anti-DNA auto-antibodies
Authors: González Rodríguez Concepción , Aparicio Hernández MªBelén , Alarcón Torres Inmaculada 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Anti-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) antibodies in the clinical laboratory are intimately linked to the diagnosis and monitoring of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, the characteristics of the analytical methods and the properties of the antibodies themselves are heterogeneous. To review the definition and properties of anti-double-stranded anti-DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies, the adequacy of analytical methods, and the clinical requirements for this biomarker. Through PubMed we searched the existing literature with the terms anti-dsDNA, editorial, review, guideline, meta-analysis and SLE. The last search, anti-dsDNA and SLE restricted to the last two years. Information was expanded through related articles and those published in official state bodies related to anti-dsDNA and SLE. Clinical laboratory methods for anti-dsDNA analysis and their characteristics are analyze. The clinical utility of anti-dsDNA in its diagnostic, clinical association and follow-up aspects of SLE is reviewed. There is wide variability in analytical methods and deficits in standardization persist. They are part of the current SLE classification criteria and are used as markers in the follow-up of the disease. Their diagnostic usefulness improves when they are determined in antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive patients. In follow-up, quantification is of interest, preferably with the same analytical method (given the deficits in standardization).
Long noncoding RNA TUG1 regulates degradation of chondrocyte extracellular matrix via miR-320c/MMP-13 axis in osteoarthritis
Authors: Han Hu , Liu Lijuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic joint disease. This study aimed to explore the function of long noncoding RNA taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) in the progression and initiation of OA. Levels of TUG1, microRNA-320c (miR-320c) and fucosyltransferase 4 (FUT4) were examined via quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide and flow cytometry assays were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. The expression of relative proteins was measured using Western blot. The interaction between miR-320c and TUG1 or FUT4 was confirmed utilizing dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. In this study, levels of TUG1 and FUT4 were distinctly upregulated, but miR-320c level significantly decreased in OA tissues and chondrocytes derived from OA tissues as well as in IL-1β-stimulated C28/I2 cells. Mechanically, TUG1 sponged miR-320c and miR-320c targeted FUT4. In addition, TUG1 knockdown accelerated cell proliferation and repressed apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in IL-1β-induced C28/I2 cells, whereas these effects of TUG1 deletion were rescued by either miR-320c inhibitor or FUT4 upregulation. Meanwhile, TUG1 sponged miR-320c to regulate FUT4 expression in IL-1β-induced C28/I2 cells. Collectively, TUG1 modulated cell proliferation, apoptosis and ECM degradation in IL-1β-induced C28/I2 cells via the miR-320c/FUT4 axis, providing a new insight into the OA treatment.
Changes in muscle activities and kinematics due to simulated leg length inequalities
Authors: Siebers Hannah Lena , Eschweiler Jörg , Migliorini Filippo , Quack Valentin Michael , Tingart Markus , Betsch Marcel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Muscle imbalances are a leading cause of musculoskeletal problems. One example are leg length inequalities (LLIs). This study aimed to analyze the effect of different (simulated) LLIs on back and leg muscles in combination with kinematic compensation mechanics. Therefore, 20 healthy volunteers were analyzed during walking with artificial LLIs (0–4 cm). The effect of different amounts of LLIs and significant differences to the reference condition without LLI were calculated of maximal joint angles, mean muscle activity, and its symmetry index. While walking, LLIs led to higher muscle activity and asymmetry of back muscles, by increased lumbar lateral flexion and pelvic obliquity. The rectus femoris showed higher values, independent of the amount of LLI, whereas the activity of the gastrocnemius on the shorter leg increased. The hip and knee flexion of the long leg increased significantly with increasing LLIs, like the knee extension and the ankle plantarflexion of the shorter leg. The described compensation mechanisms are explained by a dynamic lengthening of the short and shortening of the longer leg, which is associated with increased and asymmetrical muscle activity. Presenting this overview is important for a better understanding of the effects of LLIs to improve diagnostic and therapy in the future.
Ways that nurse practitioner students self-explain during diagnostic reasoning
Authors: Burt Leah , Corbridge Susan , Corte Colleen , Quinn Laurie , Finnegan Lorna , Clark Lou 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
An important step in mitigating the burden of diagnostic errors is strengthening diagnostic reasoning among health care providers. A promising way forward is through self-explanation, the purposeful technique of generating self-directed explanations to process novel information while problem-solving. Self-explanation actively improves knowledge structures within learners’ memories, facilitating problem-solving accuracy and acquisition of knowledge. When students self-explain, they make sense of information in a variety of unique ways, ranging from simple restatements to multidimensional thoughts. Successful problem-solvers frequently use specific, high-quality self-explanation types. The unique types of self-explanation present among nurse practitioner (NP) student diagnosticians have yet to be explored. This study explores the question: How do NP students self-explain during diagnostic reasoning?

Methods
Thirty-seven Family NP students enrolled in the Doctor of Nursing Practice program at a large, Midwestern U.S. university diagnosed three written case studies while self-explaining. Dual methodology content analyses facilitated both deductive and qualitative descriptive analysis.

Results
Categories emerged describing the unique ways that NP student diagnosticians self-explain. Nine categories of inference self-explanations included clinical and biological foci. Eight categories of non-inference self-explanations monitored students’ understanding of clinical data and reflect shallow information processing.

Conclusions
Findings extend the understanding of self-explanation use during diagnostic reasoning by affording a glimpse into fine-grained knowledge structures of NP students. NP students apply both clinical and biological knowledge, actively improving immature knowledge structures. Future research should examine relationships between categories of self-explanation and markers of diagnostic success, a step in developing prompted self-explanation learning interventions.
Reforming EU Company Law to Secure the Future of European Business
Authors: Sjåfjell Beate 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The world faces a complex convergence of social and ecological crises: climate change, biodiversity loss, resource scarcity, human rights violations, rising inequality and societal instability. The United Nations adopted Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for ‘the future of humanity and of our planet’, calling on business to contribute to solving these pressing challenges. Yet business in aggregate is a driver of the current convergence of crises and the discussion of how to promote sustainable business is therefore high up also on the agenda of the European Union (EU). The EU increasingly shows recognition of the need for regulatory initiatives to promote the integration of sustainability into European business, resonating with the EU’s high-level commitment to sustainability. This article is a contribution to the discourse on how to regulate European business so that it contributes to a sustainable future for all, including for European business itself. The article briefly outlines the basis in the EU treaties for reform of EU company law and the risks of continued unsustainability, moving on to the argument for including company law in the legislative toolbox, and outlining ideas for how such a reform could be shaped.
I Don’t Know, Is AI Also Used in Airbags?
Authors: Alizadeh Fatemeh , Stevens Gunnar , Esau Margarita 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In 1991, researchers at the center for the Learning Sciences of Carnegie Mellon University were confronted with the confusing question of “where is AI?” from users, who were interacting with artificial intelligence (AI) but did not realize it. After three decades of research, we are still facing the same issue with the unclear understanding of AI among people. The lack of mutual understanding and expectations among AI users and designers and the ineffective interactions with AI that result raises the question of “how AI is generally perceived today?” To address this gap, we conducted 50 semi-structured interviews on perception and expectations of AI. Our results revealed that for most, AI is a dazzling concept that ranges from a simple automated device up to a full controlling agent and a self-learning superpower. We explain how these folk concepts shape users’ expectations when interacting with AI and envisioning its current and future state.
The significance of microstructural evolution on governing impact toughness of Fe-0.2C-6Mn-3Al medium-Mn TRIP steel studied by a novel heat treatment
Authors: Li Zhichao , Li Xinjing , Mou Yanjie , Cai Zhihui , Misra Devesh , Zhang Xin , Li Huiping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We address here the continuing challenge and scientific gap in obtaining high impact toughness in medium-Mn steels. While addressing the challenge, the objective of the study described here is to obtain a fundamental understanding via critical experimental analysis of the reasons underlying high impact toughness that was successfully obtained in Fe-0.2C-6Mn-3Al medium-Mn TRIP steel. Electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies clearly underscored the absence of the TRIP effect in Fe-0.2C-6Mn-3Al medium manganese steel during impact and the volume fraction of austenite played a determining role in governing impact toughness. The highest impact toughness of 213.6 J · cm–2 was obtained when the steel was subjected to an intercritical hardening temperature of 700 °C and low tempering temperature of 200 °C. The presence of martensite in the microstructure reduced the impact toughness on quenching from 750 – 850 °C.
Dynamic characteristics of supersonic turbulent free jets from four types of circular nozzles
Authors: He Mingli , Zhang Guang , Hu Shaohua , Wang Cheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The effects of nozzle structures and working pressure on the dynamic characteristics of supersonic turbulent free jets have been investigated numerically. Four types of nozzles (namely Laval, pipe, contraction I, and contraction II, respectively) and four pressure conditions (namely K = 0.8, 1, 1.5, and 2, respectively) were considered. A Standard k-ε model was utilized for the calculation of the supersonic turbulent free jets. Validation of the model was performed on the Laval jet by comparing it with the experiment and large-eddy simulation (LES). A perfect agreement was achieved in terms of the centerline and radial axial velocity profiles. The jets issuing from the Laval and the pipe had a longer potential core and a larger centerline axial velocity with the same outlet momentum. The length of the potential core was proportional to the working pressure, but variations of the centerline axial velocity decay rate were inverse for all nozzles. The effects of nozzle structures and work pressure on the spreading rates of the jets were insignificant. No obvious change trend could be observed on the kinematic and geometric virtual origins. The study can provide references for the nozzle and working pressure selection in practical application.
Dynamical analysis of fractional-order of IVGTT glucose–insulin interaction
Authors: Alshehri Mansoor H. , Saber Sayed , Duraihem Faisal Z. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a fractional-order model of glucose–insulin interaction. In Caputo’s meaning, the fractional derivative is defined. This model arises in Bergman’s minimal model, used to describe blood glucose and insulin metabolism, after intravenous tolerance testing. We showed that the established model has existence, uniqueness, non-negativity, and boundedness of fractional-order model solutions. The model’s local and global stability was investigated. The parametric conditions under which a Hopf bifurcation occurs in the positive steady state for a proposed model are studied. Moreover, we present a numerical treatment for solving the proposed fractional model using the generalized Euler method (GEM). The model’s local stability and Hopf bifurcation of the proposed model in sense of the GEM are presented. Finally, numerical simulations of the model using the Adam–Bashforth–Moulton predictor corrector scheme and the GEM have been presented to support our analytical results.
Einfluss von Kultur und Fachdenken auf offizielle Tourismus-Reports
Authors: Li Jie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Governments and official organizations usually publish their tourism reports in print or online to provide information about the current status or future tendencies in the tourism industry. These special-purpose texts are tied to the cultural values of their respective states. Therefore, the contrastive analysis of these texts from different countries allows us to determine the differences in language conventions and to perceive the cultural-cognitive differences reflected in them. This corpus-based study conducts an interlingual-contrastive investigation of German and Chinese tourism reports. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses are employed to answer the following questions: 1) What are the differences between the language conventions of German and Chinese official tourism reports; 2) How are these interlingual differences characterized by cultural and socio-cognitive perspectives?
Legal Effects of Language Issues in Workplace Discourse: Evidence from Australia’s Fairwork Commission
Authors: Manzella Pietro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between law and language in workplace discourse. To this end, a number of pronouncements issued by Australia’s Fair Work Commission – which mostly deals with employment litigation – are examined to see to what extent language-related problems affect both the employment relationship and the decision handed down by lawmakers when evaluating the cases submitted.
Suffixe der ukrainischen Familiennamen
Authors: Vyrsta Nataliya 
Published: April 2021

Summary
The following paper provides a review of research in historical and modern Ukrainian onomastics. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the formation of Ukrainian surnames; in particular it describes the origin, the function, the geographical distribution and the productivity of the suffixes in the formation of the names. The main ways of creating Ukrainian surnames were morphological and semantic methods. The semantic method of creating surnames consists in the transition of personal names, nicknames and appellative personal names into hereditary names without any structural transformations, namely, only as a result of changes in the function. The morphological way of creating hereditary names was to create new anthroponyms with the help of special surname formants. A characteristic feature of the names of the morphological method is that they were formed only from personal names with the help of suffixes. Ukrainian anthroponymy did not have special formants for the creation of surnames, but used the possibilities of its language and adapted them to the onomastic system. By their origin the name suffixes are not the same type but multifunctional. Some of them from the moment of occurrence are used only for the creation of names from parents’ names, while others only eventually began to express kinship. Some suffixes today are actively creating both appellatives and anthroponyms.