bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on proximate composition of four genotypes of Arachis hypogea l. (groundnut)
Authors: Abdullahi Yusuf M. , M. Abuhuraira Ado , Baba Ibrahim , Garba Hamza , Salihu Muhammad N. , Lawal Mamman M. , Umar Maryam D. , Muhammad Faisal 
Published: July 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Groundnut (<em>Arachis hypogea </em>L.) also known as peanut is one of the world’s principal oilseed crop. The plant originated in South America, but is widely distributed throughout the tropic and warm temperate areas in Asia, Africa, Oceania, North and South America and Europe. This study aimed to evaluate the proximate content of some genotype of groundnut (<em>Arachis hypogea </em>L.).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of<strong> </strong>four different groundnut varieties were used in this study; the varieties were obtained from international crop research institute for the semi-arid tropic (ICRISAT) Kano station. Samples selected were Samaru nut 11 (Samnut-11); Samaru nut 22 (Samnut-22); Samaru nut 23 (Samnut-23); and Samaru nut 24 (Samnut-24). The analysis was conducted in the animal laboratory faculty of Agricultural sciences, in Bayero University Kano, Nigeria. The moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract of the samples were detected using a standard procedure adapted from official methods of analysis 1990. Data was analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) in SAS version 9.3. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The higher content of ash was found in Samnut-24 (4.4%), and Samnut-23 (11.8%) was found to have highest moisture. Samnut-23 has the highest content of crude protein (30.6%) and crude fiber (4.7%). A higher content of fat and oil (ether extraction) was found in Samnut-23 (40.0%) and a higher content of soluble carbohydrate (NFE) was found in Samnut-11(27.4%) and Samnut-22 (27.4%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Groundnut characteristically contained high level of oil and protein with low level of moisture, ash and carbohydrate; this makes it a potential source of edible-oil. The high protein of the defatted groundnut makes it good as cake for human consumption and useful as animal feeds. Samnut-23 has enriched edible-oil content and the crude protein, while Samnut-22 has low oil content and protein, but has enriched with NFE. Based on the conclusion it was recommended that further research should be carried out on the quality of proximate content of groundnut between the four varieties.</p>
Impact of COVID-19 on rhinology practice: a global survey
Authors: Batra Ankur , Goyal Megha , Rokade Ashok 
Published: July 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The impact of COVID-19 on healthcare services has resulted in significant changes in day to day practice in order to reduce the virus transmission and protect the public and the healthcare professionals. Rhinologists are at higher risk of contracting the virus as they are regularly exposed to the aerosols generated during out-patient and surgical procedures. The aim of the survey was to identify the impact of COVID-19 on various aspects of rhinology practice and the changes instituted to mitigate the risks.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> An anonymous email survey was developed and circulated among otolaryngologists from around the world. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 162 responses from 44 countries were included in the analysis. 63% of the respondents attended only emergent, urgent and time sensitive cases in the outpatient setting with introduction of various screening methods. Over 88% respondents were carrying out aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in their rhinology clinics. 67.39% respondents had not operated on any COVID-19 positive patient at the completion of the survey. Preoperative COVID testing and self-solation protocols differed as per the local hospital policy. 16 rhinologists reported a member of their team becoming positive after AGPs and 9 becoming positive after being involved in surgical procedures. Online teaching sessions were the most preferred (74.38%) mode of continued medical teaching/ training around the world.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Data analysis revealed that most rhinologists followed the suggested guidelines by various ear, nose and throat (ENT) national organisations like ENTUK, the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) etc. in their practice and also provided insight into some of the deficiencies which need improvement as the pandemic continues to affect the global practice.</p>
Management of large mandibular periapical cyst by cortical bone preservation: a case report
Authors: Ahmed Syed Sayeed , Kumar Ranjith , Rahman Tabishur , Ansari Md Kalim 
Published: July 2021

<p> </p><span lang="EN-IN">Management of large periapical cysts often require removal of overlying lateral cortical bone to gain access. We report a case in which huge periapical cyst was treated using a novel technique to preserve the overlying lateral cortical bone to facilitate faster healing of the defect. </span>
Diagnostic dilemma in a case of chronic invasive fungal sinusitis solved using a novel diagnostic test
Authors: Suresh Malavika , Ganamukhi Maneesh Shivaputra , Ganamukhi Maneesh Shivaputra , Chandran Sobhana , Chandran Sobhana , Sasikumar Saranya , Sasikumar Saranya 
Published: July 2021

Fungal infections of the paranasal sinuses are a spectrum of diseases rather than one distinct entity. The prevalence of fungal sinus disease has been increasing in recent decades, especially in immunocompetent individuals. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs has partially been attributed to this. The diagnosis of invasive fungal disease still imposes a challenge to medical professionals occasionally. Here we present an interesting case of a middle-aged immunocompetent male who presented to us with non-specific symptoms of chronic invasive fungal sinusitis. The routine investigations for diagnosing fungal sinusitis turned out to be futile and the result of serum galactomannan test helped to identify and treat his condition. <p> </p>
Venomous snakebite — Significance of the bite site and local reaction
Authors: Venugopalan Ajith , Vijaykumar Smrithi , Sreekumar G. , Karunanithi Kripanadhi , Prasad Bharath , Sreekrishnan TP , Kumar KP Gireesh 
Published: July 2021

Snakebite is an environmental and occupational hazard in India. Death and disabilities due to snakebite remains a major public health challenge. For the fight against this battle a greater investment should be focused on the preventive measures. This includes understanding of the common seasons of snake bites, location and also the site of snake bite. Understanding these will help in taking better preventive measures. This is a 6-year retrospective observational study of 70 venomous snake bite cases admitted to a tertiary care center in South India. Inclusion criteria has been all confirmed case of envenomation by venomous snake bite. Chi square test was done to find the association between categorical variables. The study sample size is 70. Mean age in our study is 34.66 ± 18.57 years. 57.1% were male. 79% snake bites occurred outdoor. 57.1 % patients had local reaction along with hemotoxic/neurotoxic symptoms. 28.5% patients had only local reaction. 84% bites occurred in lower limb. 43% bites occurred in the foot. Statistically borderline significant correlation between site of bite and local reaction alone (p=0.05). We could not find a statistically significant correlation between site of bite and local reaction with hemotoxic / neurotoxic symptoms (p=0.236). 59% snake bites occurred during Monsoon season this was followed by post monsoon season. Snakebite is a neglected tropical disease and remains as an underestimated cause of accidental death in modern India. Significance of bite site along with seasonal variations in snakebites helps in formation of effective preventive strategies, which along with prompt primary treatment holds the key in reducing the impact of venomous snakebite.
Epidemiology, clinical profile, complications and treatment outcomes of chronic dacryocystitis in a tertiary care hospital in post lockdown era: An observational study
Authors: Ghosal Antarlin , Khilar Jyotish , Rout Nirupama , Chaudhury Pranati , Kumar Siddharth 
Published: July 2021

to study the epidemiological factors, clinical features, complications and treatment outcomes of chronic dacryocystitis in Odisha after nationwide lockdown in 2020. An observational study was designed from July 2020 to December 2020 in Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Cuttack, Odisha. Total of 187 patients presenting with chronic dacryocystits were evaluated thoroughly in various epidemiological parameters. The history and clinical features were noted. After proper evaluation and conservative treatment, those patients were subjected for surgery and the surgical outcomes are followed-up upto 3 more months, i.e. March 2021.: The prevalence of chronic dacryocystitis was around 1.224%. Among the 187 patients, 112 were females (59.9%). The disease was found in highest proportion in the age group of 51-60 years (30.5%) followed by 25.7% in the age group of 61-70 years. 90.4% were from rural population. Socioeconomic status and living standard was found to be a significant factor, people belonging to class 4 & 3 were affected more. Majority of the affected were housewives (39.6%) and farmers (21.9%) followed by small businessmen (13.9%) and wage laborers (12.9%). Epiphora was the commonest presenting symptom in 71.6%, followed by mucopurulent discharge in 29.9% and swelling near the medial canthus in 12.3% cases. Complications like conjunctivitis, keratitis, preseptal cellulitis, cutaneous fistula were present in 6.4%, 8.4%, 7.5% and 5.9% cases respectively in our study group. The success rate of external DCR was reported as 85.8% in this study. Chronic Dacryocystitis, though a common problem of lacrimal drainage system, is much less recognized disease, specially in rural population and in lower socio-economic community in Odisha. Thus patients may present late with one or more complications, e.g. conjunctivitis, keratitis, preseptal cellulitis, lacrimal abscess, mucocele, cutaneous fistula, which is the current scenario in post-lockdown 2020 era. Maintaining all precautions and guidelines for COVID-19, we should not delay treating these patients with surgical measures. The surgical success rate (85.8%) however was not affected much in spite of all these factors.
Ocular manifestations in road traffic accidents
Authors: Bokhari Syed Saifullah , Sujatha M.A Rani 
Published: July 2021

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are the most common cause of polytrauma. This study aims to evaluate the various ocular manifestations in cases of RTAs. A retrospective review of patients who were treated for RTAs in a tertiary hospital in 6 months from December 2018 to May 2019. A total of 126 patients were reviewed. Age ranged from 2 to 85 years. The mean age was 32 years. Ophthalmological examination was undertaken in all patients involved in RTA. Out of 126 patients, 112 were males and 14 were females. Young adult males (21-30 years) were most vulnerable to RTAs. Soft tissue injuries were the most common manifestations (57.93%) followed by neuro-ophthalmic manifestations (26.98%) and orbital fractures (15.07%). The presence of CT abnormalities especially intra cranial haemorrhage was associated with neuro-ophthalmic deficits. Soft tissue injuries were the most common ocular manifestations. It was found that head trauma causes many neuro-ophthalmic manifestations. Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) was the most common neuro-ophthalmic manifestation. The most common cranial nerve involved was found to be oculomotor nerve. Retrobulbar neuritis was a rare finding.
Ophthalmic manifestations in head injury- A prospective study
Authors: Amudhavadivu S , Rosita J Helen , Gnanselvan J 
Published: July 2021

The eye because of its location in the head and its proximity and neuronal connection with the brain, makes it more vulnerable in head injuries. An increase in the affordability and the attitude of younger generation has lead to the increased incidence of head injuries. Most of the times the ophthalmic manifestations are missed in early stages, where life saving assures the prime importance. This results in grave ocular complications when the patient survives.Various patterns of ophthalmic manifestations following head injury are studied. The grave situations are explored and importance of safety measures may be emphasized. All patients who sustained head injury with ophthalmic manifestations were enrolled in this study. They were subjected to thorough clinical evaluation, tests for visual acuity, color vision, examination with slit lamp, ophthalmoscope, ultrasound b scan, gonioscopy and various imaging techniques, other specialty opinion was also obtained whenever required. Distribution of cases according to the age, sex, mode of injury, laterality of the eyes was studied. Various ophthalmic presentations associated involvement of the orbital walls and cranial nerves were analyzed. Visual acuity at the time of presentation was correlated.The common mode of head injury which had considerable morbidity was found to be Road traffic accident. Precautionary measures should be initiated that may decrease these kinds of morbidities. These patients should be properly evaluated, monitored and managed.
A clinical study on dry eye
Authors: Prakash Kinikar Vijay , Pendyala Yashaswi , Vijay Kumar K 
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to evaluate prevalence risk factors, symptoms, signs, objective tests of dry eye diagnosis in patients attending to Out Patient Department of Mamata General Hospital, Khammam.All patients presenting with dry eye symptoms to ophthalmology outpatient department, Mamata Medical College over a period of one and half year. A prospective study was conducted for a period of 18 months from June 2018 to Jan 2021 among patients attending ophthalmology Out Patient Department unit with symptoms of dry eye. Among the 100 patients studied, prevalence of dry eye was found to be as high as 23%.The prevalence of dry eye increased with increase in age and was significantly higher among people more than 40 years of age. Prevalence was higher among females when compared to males. Conjunctival congestion was found to be reliable sign of dry eye with a strong positive association. Foreign body sensation was found to be the most common symptom associated with dry eye. People with refractive errors, with or without history of spectacle use, had a higher incidence of dry eye compared to emmetropes. OSDI was found to be reliable measure of dry eye symptoms. Higher, scores of OSDI, indicating severe dry eye, correlated well with diagnostic tests for dry eye. TBUT test showed a high sensitivity and specificity, followed by Schirmers test and impression cytology. Impression cytology was a reliable measure for detecting ocular surface changes. Many patients showed grade 2 or 3 changes. These changes were more among those with schirmer less than 5mm. Dry eye evaluation with an appropriate and standard questionnaire along with standard tests for dry eye helps in diagnosis and treatment. This will go a long way in the effective and successful management of patients with dry eye, specially so as the disease is chronic and needs long term treatment. Early and appropriate management will provideocular comfort and satisfaction with a better quality of life.
Treatment of cystoid macular edema in a patient with primary open angle glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy by withdrawal of travoprost
Authors: Sagar N Shiv , Kalpana BN , YD Shilpa 
Published: July 2021

To study the association of cystoid macular edema (CME) and Travoprost eye drops in a patient with diabetic retinopathy (DR).The study was carried out on a 65yr old patient on a regular follow up from 2009-2018.A 65yr old patient of a DR of both eyes who had received 3 sittings of pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP) laser in both eyes and grid laser to his right eye. He was on regular follow up since 2009 with a stable proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Patient was also on topical antiglaucoma medication and had prophylactic YAG-PI done both eyes. He was on regular follow up since 2009 with a stable proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Right eye showed macular edema (ME) in 2014 and underwent OCT and FFA. Patient refused for intravitreal injection and preferred laser treatment, so patient underwent micropulse laser treatment in 2014. His edema persisted even after micropulse treatment. His systemic control was good and patient continued to use Travoprost eye drops. So in 2017 suspected CME secondary to topical prostaglandin (PG) analogue as he had strict glycemic control and was no fluctuation in ME. Hence topical PG analogue was withdrawn and stopped. On subsequent follow up after 2 months CME had completely disappeared and the foveal contour returned to normal on OCT. LE was status quo. Patient was followed up for more than 1 year and continuously followed up, 15 days back in June 2018 had no evidence of CME and vision was 6/9 in both eyes.: Differentiation of DME and CME secondary to PG analogue should be made at the earliest.
Severe dry eye associated with Steven Johnson Syndrome: A case report
Authors: Shree Namrata , Deka Baby , Bhattacharjee Rajneel 
Published: July 2021

: Stevens-Johnson-Syndrome (SJS), and its severe variant, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), are life-threatening diseases of skin and mucous membranes. Cases with pseudo-membrane formation and epithelial defects, have higher risk of ocular sequelae. Severe dry eye in SJS includes three mechanisms: (1) aqueous tear deficiency, (2) decreased wettability of corneal surface, and (3) increased evaporation.: A 47-year-old male patient presented in OPD with chief complaint of severe discomfort and grittiness in both eyes since last 21 years. Proper history taking and examination was done. Patient was given conservative treatment and was explained about recent advancements of treatment that can help in improving his condition.: In SJS patients, dryness causes eye pain, and unstable tear film causes diminution of vision. After acute stage reactions, visual impairment and severe dry eye are observed as ocular sequelae.
The Reconstruction of Russian Prototype of Greek Life of Saint Metrophanes of Voronezh
Authors: Bibikov Mikhail 
Published: July 2021

The article presents a reconstruction of the Russian Life of Saint Metrophanes of Voronezh which became the basis for a Greek translation made at Athos. Saint Metrophanes, a famous fellow-champion of Emperor Peter the Great, died in 1703 and was canonized in 1832. The manuscript of the Life was has been recently discovered in the archives of the Russian Saint Panteleimon monastery on Athos and introduced into academic use. The author and copyist of the text was the Athos monk Iakobos Neasketiotes. “The Athonias” has survived in four manuscript copies, all of them autographs of Iakobos Neasketiotes, which are preserved in the archives of Athonite monasteries, namely the Skete of Saint Anna and the Saint Panteleemon and Vatopedi monasteries. They are dated to the years 1848, 1855, 1860 and 1865.
Islam in the Colonial Policy of France: from the Origins to the Fifth Republic
Authors: Diakov Nikolai 
Published: July 2021

History of relations between France and the Islamic world goes back to the first centuries of Hijra, when the Franks first faced the Caliphate and its troops in the Eastern and Western Mediterranean. On the eve of the New times Paris had already developed its numerous contacts with Turkey, Iran and the Arab West — the Maghreb area. The conquest of Algeria (from 1830) formed a basis of the French colonial empire in Africa and Asia with the growing role of Islam in political activities and ambitions of Paris. Millions of Muslims in French colonies contributed to growth of political and economic progress of their metropoly with its pretensions to become a great Muslim power. Meanwhile, thousands of them lost their lives during two great world wars of the 20th century. Waves of immigration gave birth to an impressive Islamic community (‘umma), in France, reaching about a million of residents by the middle of the 20th century. With the growth of Muslim immigration from Africa and the Middle East a number of Muslims among the natives of France also augmented. By the end of the last century the Muslims formed as much as about 10 % of the whole population of France. The “French Islam” born at the dawn of the 20th century. after a century of its evolution became an important civilizational reality of Europe, at times more attractive for the local youth than traditional Christian values, or the new ideals, brought with the winds of globalism, multiculturalism and a “non-stop consumerism”.
Siklus Hidup Spodoptera frugiperda Dengan Pemberian Pakan Kangkung dan Daun Bawang di Laboratorium
Authors: Indra Putra Ichsan Luqmana , Dwi Martina Nanda 
Published: July 2021

Spodoptera frugiperda was found to have entered Indonesia and damaged maize crops. There is a concern that climate change in Indonesia will cause these pests to migrate to other crops besides corn, such as kale and leeks. This research was conducted to observe the life cycle of S. frugiperda with feed treatment of kale leaves, leeks and corn leaves as a control. The larvae came from corn fields that were infested by S. frugiperda and were cultured in the laboratory. The variables observed were larva length, head diameter, pupa length, number of eggs, sex ratio, and time to complete one cycle. The life cycle of S. frugiperda varies between 37 and 47 days. Kale leaf feed is a good feed for the growth of S. frugiperda compared to the other two feeds, while corn leaf is good in fecundity. Keywords: corn, fecundity, growth, life cycle, sex ratio
A Critical Review on Blended Learning Versus Traditional Lecture Method
Authors: Hafeez Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

From the beginning of 21st century, the leaning stratigies have been changed from traditional to information and communication based. A critical review of published articles about blended and traditional leaning stratigies has been conducted to highlight the importance and significance of both learning stratigies. Thirty-six (36) research articles published in various databases in various disciplines have been selected for review. The review of literature showed that in most of the studies, the blended learning strategy proved to be more effective learning strategy against the traditional lecture method. From thirty-six published articles reviewed, twenty-five studies showed a statistically more significance value in blended learning approach for academic achievement, critical and creative skills in various disciplines. So, on the basis of this study, it is strongly recommended that blended learning strategy must be applied to achieve high academic and professional results.