bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health coaching provided by registered nurses described: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Barr Jennieffer A. , Tsai Lily P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aims
The aim of this systematic review and narrative synthesis was to identify how and why health coaching is delivered by Registered Nurses.

Design
Systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Data sources
Articles were identified through a search of CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, and PsychINFO databases. Articles published in English between 2010 and 2021 were included.

Review Methods
Quality appraisal of relevant literature was independently undertaken by two authors to assess for risk of bias. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) was used to appraise quality of potential papers.

Results
A main purpose of coaching by Registered Nurses is to optimise patient self-care. How coaching was conducted varied across studies, with the most common coaching approaches via telephone or online. Majority of studies highlight some effectiveness of coaching by nurses; however, some results were inconclusive. Health coaching generally reduced mental distress. Other benefits reported by patients included reduced pain and fatigue. Outcomes for changing lifestyle behaviours were mixed. However, for health coaching to be efficient greater evidence is needed to determine length of time to use coaching, number of habits to focus on to produce change, and to determine best training for coaches.

Conclusions
Registered Nurses are most suitable for implementing health coaching for self-care, including preventing and managing chronic illness and recovering from situations like post-surgical needs. Nurses already promote health, and therefore, are skilled in educating people in self-care. Coaching is an additional strategy for motivating, targeting and assessing progress of self-care. Extending the scope of nursing practice to routinely coach in self-care would be ideal.
An agent-based model clarifies the importance of functional and developmental integration in shaping brain evolution
Authors: Avin Shahar , Currie Adrian , Montgomery Stephen H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Vertebrate brain structure is characterised not only by relative consistency in scaling between components, but also by many examples of divergence from these general trends.. Alternative hypotheses explain these patterns by emphasising either ‘external’ processes, such as coordinated or divergent selection, or ‘internal’ processes, like developmental coupling among brain regions. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, there is little agreement over their relative importance across time or how that importance may vary across evolutionary contexts.

Results
We introduce an agent-based model to simulate brain evolution in a ‘bare-bones’ system and examine dependencies between variables shaping brain evolution. We show that ‘concerted’ patterns of brain evolution do not, in themselves, provide evidence for developmental coupling, despite these terms often being treated as synonymous in the literature. Instead, concerted evolution can reflect either functional or developmental integration. Our model further allows us to clarify conditions under which such developmental coupling, or uncoupling, is potentially adaptive, revealing support for the maintenance of both mechanisms in neural evolution. Critically, we illustrate how the probability of deviation from concerted evolution depends on the cost/benefit ratio of neural tissue, which increases when overall brain size is itself under constraint.

Conclusions
We conclude that both developmentally coupled and uncoupled brain architectures can provide adaptive mechanisms, depending on the distribution of selection across brain structures, life history and costs of neural tissue. However, when constraints also act on overall brain size, heterogeneity in selection across brain structures will favour region specific, or mosaic, evolution. Regardless, the respective advantages of developmentally coupled and uncoupled brain architectures mean that both may persist in fluctuating environments. This implies that developmental coupling is unlikely to be a persistent constraint, but could evolve as an adaptive outcome to selection to maintain functional integration.
Benefit of switching to mepolizumab from omalizumab in severe eosinophilic asthma based on patient characteristics
Authors: Liu Mark C. , Chipps Bradley , Munoz Xavier , Devouassoux Gilles , Bergna Miguel , Smith Steven G. , Price Robert G. , Galkin Dmitry V. , Azmi Jay , Mouneimne Dalal , Albers Frank C. , Chapman Kenneth R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The OSMO study assessed the efficacy of switching to mepolizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma that was uncontrolled whilst receiving omalizumab. The objective of this analysis was to assess the proportion of patients achieving pre-defined improvements in up to four efficacy outcomes and the relationship between patient baseline characteristics and treatment response.

Methods
This was a post hoc analysis of OSMO study data (GSK ID:204471; ClinicalTrials.gov No. NCT02654145). Patients with severe eosinophilic asthma uncontrolled by high-dose inhaled corticosteroids, other controller(s) and omalizumab subcutaneously (≥ 4 months) were switched to mepolizumab 100 mg administered subcutaneously. Endpoints included the proportion of responders—i.e. patients achieving a pre-defined clinical improvement in ≥ 1 of the following outcomes: (1) Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ)-5 score (≥ 0.5-points), (2) St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score (≥ 4-points), (3) pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1; ≥ 100 mL), all at Week 32, and (4) annualised rate of clinically significant exacerbations (≥ 50% reduction).

Results
Of the 145 patients included, 94%, 83%, 63% and 31% were responders for ≥ 1, ≥ 2, ≥ 3 and 4 outcomes, respectively; 75% and 78% were ACQ-5 and SGRQ score responders, and 50% and 69% were FEV1 and exacerbation responders. Subgroup analyses demonstrated improvements irrespective of baseline blood eosinophil count, prior omalizumab treatment regimen/duration, comorbidities, prior exacerbation history, maintenance oral corticosteroid use, ACQ-5 and SGRQ scores, and body weight/body mass index.

Conclusions
After switching to mepolizumab, almost all patients with uncontrolled severe eosinophilic asthma on omalizumab achieved a beneficial response in ≥ 1 clinical outcome. Improvements were observed regardless of baseline characteristics.
Trial registration This manuscript is a post hoc analysis of data from the OSMO study. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02654145. Registered January 13, 2016.
Transposition of cardiovascular outcome trial effects to the real-world population of patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Sciannameo V. , Berchialla P. , Avogaro A. , Fadini G. P. ,   DARWIN-T2D Network, Consoli Agostino , Formoso Gloria , Grossi Giovanni , Pucci Achiropita , Sesti Giorgio , Andreozzi Francesco , Capobianco Giuseppe , Gatti Adriano , Bonadonna Riccardo , Zavaroni Ivana , DeiCas Alessandra , Felace Giuseppe , Li Volsi Patrizia , Buzzetti Raffaella , Leto Gaetano , Sorice Gian Pio , D’Angelo Paola , Morano Susanna , Bossi Antonio Carlo , Duratorre Edoardo , Franzetti Ivano , Morpurgo Paola Silvia , Orsi Emanuela , Querci Fabrizio , Boemi Massimo , D’Angelo Federica , Petrelli Massimiliano , Aimaretti Gianluca , Karamouzis Ioannis , Cavalot Franco , Saglietti Giuseppe , Cazzetta Giuliana , Cervone Silvestre , Devangelio Eleonora , Lamacchia Olga , Arena Salvatore , Di Benedetto Antonino , Frittitta Lucia , Giordano Carla , Piro Salvatore , Rizzo Manfredi , Chianetta Roberta , Mannina Carlo , Anichini Roberto , Penno Giuseppe , Solini Anna , Fattor Bruno , Bonora Enzo , Cigolini Massimo , Lapolla Annunziata , Chilelli Nino Cristiano , Simioni Natalino , Frison Vera , Vinci Carmela 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Transferring results obtained in cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) to the real-world setting is challenging. We herein transposed CVOT results to the population of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) seen in routine clinical practice and who may receive the medications tested in CVOTs.

Methods
We implemented the post-stratification approach based on aggregate data of CVOTs and individual data of a target population of diabetic outpatients. We used stratum-specific estimates available from CVOTs to calculate expected effect size for the target population by weighting the average of the stratum-specific treatment effects according to proportions of a given characteristic in the target population. Data are presented as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals.

Results
Compared to the target population (n = 139,708), the CVOT population (n = 95,816) was younger and had a two to threefold greater prevalence of cardiovascular disease. EMPA-REG was the CVOT with the largest variety of details on stratum-specific effects, followed by TECOS, whereas DECLARE and PIONEER-6 had more limited stratum-specific information. The post-stratification HR estimate for 3 point major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) based on EMPA-REG was 0.88 (0.74–1.03) in the target population, compared to 0.86 (0.74–0.99) in the trial. The HR estimate based on LEADER was 0.88 (0.77–0.99) in the target population compared to 0.87 (0.78–0.97) in the trial. Consistent results were obtained for SUSTAIN-6, EXSCEL, PIONEER-6 and DECLARE. The effect of DPP-4 inhibitors observed in CVOTs remained neutral in the target population.

Conclusions
Based on CVOT stratum-specific effects, cardiovascular protective actions of glucose lowering medications tested in CVOTs are transferrable to a much different real-world population of patients with T2D.
Evidence‐based priorities of under‐served pregnant and parenting adolescents: addressing inequities through a participatory approach to contextualizing evidence syntheses
Authors: Dion Anna , Klevor Aime , Nakajima Amy , Andersson Neil 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study describes an interdiscursive evidence-based priority setting process with pregnant and parenting adolescents and their services providers.MethodsA mixed methods literature review identified studies reporting on perinatal outcomes and experiences of adolescents during pregnancy to 12 months post-partum published in Canada after 2000. We also calculated relative risks for common perinatal risk factors and outcomes for adolescents compared to adult populations from 2012 to 2017 based on data from a provincial database of maternal and newborn outcomes. Two trained peer researchers identified outcomes most relevant to their peers. We shared syntheses results with four service providers and 13 adolescent mothers accessing services at a community service organization, who identified and prioritized their areas of concern. We repeated the process for the identified priority issue and expanded upon it through semi-structured interviews.ResultsAdolescent mothers face higher rates of poverty, abuse, anxiety and depression than do adult mothers. Adolescents prioritized theexperience of judgmentin perinatal health and social services, particularly as it contributed to them being identified as a child protection risk. Secondary priorities included loss of social support and inaccessibility of community resources. The experience of judgment in adolescent perinatal health literature was summarized around: being invisible, seen as incapable and seen as a risk. Adolescent mothers adapted these categories, emphasizing organizational and social barriers.ConclusionsYoung marginalized women are disproportionately affected by inequities in perinatal outcomes, yet their perspectives are rarely centered in efforts to address these inequities. This research addresses health inequities by presenting a robust, transparent and participatory approach to priority setting as a way to better represent the perspectives of those who carry the greatest burden of health inequities in evidence syntheses. In our work, marginalized adolescent parents adapted published literature around the experience and consequences of social stigma on perinatal outcomes, shifting our understanding of root causes and possible solutions.
Effect of nutritional and physical exercise intervention on hospital readmission for patients aged 65 or older: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lærum-Onsager Ellisiv , Molin Marianne , Olsen Cecilie Fromholt , Bye Asta , Debesay Jonas , Hestevik Christine Hillestad , Bjerk Maria , Pripp Are Hugo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Unplanned readmission may result in consequences for both the individual and society. The transition of patients from hospital to postdischarge settings often represents a discontinuity of care and is considered crucial in the prevention of avoidable readmissions. In older patients, physical decline and malnutrition are considered risk factors for readmission. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of nutritional and physical exercise interventions alone or in combination after hospital admission on the risk of hospital readmission among older people.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies was conducted. The search involved seven databases (Medline, AMED, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase (Ovid), Food Science Source and Web of Science) and was conducted in November 2018. An update of this search was performed in March 2020. Studies involving older adults (65 years and above) investigating the effect of nutritional and/or physical exercise interventions on hospital readmission were included.

Results
A total of 11 randomized controlled studies (five nutritional, five physical exercise and one combined intervention) were included and assessed for quality using the updated Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Nutritional interventions resulted in a significant reduction in readmissions (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.70–1.00, p = 0.049), while physical exercise interventions did not reduce readmissions (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.84–1.31, p-value = 0.662).

Conclusions
This meta-analysis suggests that nutrition support aiming to optimize energy intake according to patients’ needs may reduce the risk of being readmitted to the hospital for people aged 65 years or older.
mTOR regulates GPVI-mediated platelet activation
Authors: Wang Longsheng , Liu Gang , Wu Nannan , Dai Baiyun , Han Shuang , Liu Qiaoyun , Huang Fang , Chen Zhihua , Xu Weihong , Xia Dajing , Gao Cunji 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Due to mTOR (mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin) gene-loss mice die during embryonic development, the role of mTOR in platelets has not been evaluated using gene knockout technology.

Methods
A mouse model with megakaryocyte/platelet-specific deletion of mTOR was established, and be used to evaluate the role of mTOR in platelet activation and thrombus formation.

Results
mTOR−/− platelets were deficient in thrombus formation when grown on low-concentration collagen-coated surfaces; however, no deficiency in thrombus formation was observed when mTOR−/− platelets were perfused on higher concentration collagen-coated surfaces. In FeCl3-induced mouse mesenteric arteriole thrombosis models, wild-type (WT) and mTOR−/− mice displayed significantly different responses to low-extent injury with respect to the ratio of occluded mice, especially within the first 40 min. Additionally, mTOR−/− platelets displayed reduced aggregation and dense granule secretion (ATP release) in response to low doses of the glycoprotein VI (GPVI) agonist collagen related peptide (CRP) and the protease-activated receptor-4 (PAR4) agonist GYPGKF-NH2; these deficiencies were overcame by stimulation with higher concentration agonists, suggesting dose dependence of the response. At low doses of GPVI or PAR agonist, the activation of αIIbβ3 in mTOR−/− platelets was reduced. Moreover, stimulation of mTOR−/− platelets with low-dose CRP attenuated the phosphorylation of S6K1, S6 and Akt Ser473, and increased the phosphorylation of PKCδ Thr505 and PKCε Ser729. Using isoform-specific inhibitors of PKCs (δ, ɛ, and α/β), we established that PKCδ/ɛ, and especially PKCδ but not PKCα/β or PKCθ, may be involved in low-dose GPVI-mediated/mTOR-dependent signaling.

Conclusion
These observations indicate that mTOR plays an important role in GPVI-dependent platelet activation and thrombus formation.
The “black box” of treatment: Patients’ perspective on what works in opioid maintenance treatment for opioid dependence
Authors: Silva Teresa C. , Andersson Fredrik B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
A lack of conceptual modeling of how the components of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) for opioid dependence (OD) work causes it to occasionally be labeled the “black-box” of treatment. This study had a two-fold objective: First, to analyze which factors related to OMT for OD contribute to the abstinence of problematic use of non-prescribed opioids and sustain recovery, from the patients’ perspective; second, to understand which changes OMT produced in the individuals’ lives might significantly contribute to relapse prevention.

Methods
We used qualitative methods of design, inquiry, and analysis from a convenience sample of 19 individuals in a Swedish treatment setting.

Results
All the participants reported previous cycles of problematic use of non-prescribed opioids and other non-prescribed psychoactive substances, treatment, abstinence, recovery, and relapse before starting the current OMT program. During the pre-treatment stage, specific events, internal processes, and social environments enhanced motivation toward abstinence and seeking treatment. During the treatment stage, participants perceived the quality of the human relationships established with primary social groups as important as medication and the individual plan of care in sustaining recovery. From the participants’ perspective, OMT was a turning point in their life course, allowing them a sense of self-fulfillment and the reconstruction of personal and social identity. However, they still struggled with the stigmatization produced by a society that values abstinence-oriented over medication-assisted treatments.

Conclusion
OMT is not an isolated event in individuals’ lives but rather a process occurring within a specific social context. Structural factors and the sense of acceptance and belonging are essential in supporting the transformation. Treatment achievements and the risk for relapse vary over time, so the objectives of the treatment plan must account for characteristics of the pre-treatment stage and the availability and capacity of individuals to restructure their social network, besides the opioid maintenance treatment and institutional social care.
A comparison of three different surgery approaches and methods for neurologically intact thoracolumbar fractures: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhu Chao , Wang Bin , Yin Jian , Liu Xin Hui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of conventional open pedicle screw fixation (COPSF), percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF), and paraspinal posterior open approach pedicle screw fixation (POPSF) for treating neurologically intact thoracolumbar fractures.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 108 patients who were posteriorly stabilized without graft fusion. Among them, 36 patients underwent COPSF, 38 patients underwent PPSF, and 34 patients underwent POPSF. The clinical outcomes, relative operation indexes, and radiological findings were assessed and compared among the 3 groups.ResultsAll of the patients were followed up for a mean time of 20 months. The PPSF group and POPSF group had shorter operation times, lower amounts of intraoperative blood loss, and shorter postoperative hospital stays than the COPSF group (P< 0.05). The radiation times and hospitalization costs were highest in the PPSF group (P< 0.05). Every group exhibited significant improvements in the Cobb angle (CA) and the vertebral body angle (VBA) correction (allP< 0.05). The COPSF group and the POPSF group had better improvements than the PPSF group at 3 days postoperation and the POPSF group had the best improvements in the last follow-up (P< 0.05).ConclusionBoth PPSF and POPSF achieved similar effects as COPSF while also resulting in lower incidences of injury. PPSF is more advantageous in the early rehabilitation time period, compared with COPSF, but POPSF is a better option when considering the long-term effects, the costs of treatment, and the radiation times.
Activation of spinal dorsal horn astrocytes by noxious stimuli involves descending noradrenergic signaling
Authors: Kawanabe Riku , Yoshihara Kohei , Hatada Izuho , Tsuda Makoto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAstrocytes are critical regulators of neuronal function in the central nervous system (CNS). We have previously shown that astrocytes in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) have increased intracellular Ca2+ levels following intraplantar injection of the noxious irritant, formalin. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We investigated these mechanisms by focusing on the role of descending noradrenergic (NAergic) signaling because our recent study revealed the essential role of the astrocytic Ca2+ responses evoked by intraplantar capsaicin. Using in vivo SDH imaging, we found that the Ca2+ level increase in SDH astrocytes induced by intraplantar formalin injection was suppressed by ablation of SDH-projecting locus coeruleus (LC)-NAergic neurons. Furthermore, the formalin-induced Ca2+ response was dramatically decreased by the loss of α1A-adrenaline receptors (ARs) in astrocytes located in the superficial laminae of the SDH. Moreover, similar inhibition was observed in mice pretreated intrathecally with an α1A-AR-specific antagonist. Therefore, activation of α1A-ARs via descending LC-NAergic signals may be a common mechanism underlying astrocytic Ca2+ responses in the SDH evoked by noxious stimuli, including chemical irritants.
Activation of the clock gene TIMELESS by H3k27 acetylation promotes colorectal cancer tumorigenesis by binding to Myosin-9
Authors: Cao Meng , Wang Yi , Xiao Yijing , Zheng Dandan , Zhi Chunchun , Xia Xin , Yuan Xiaoqin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common tumor characterized by its high mortality. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive CRC tumorigenesis are unclear. Clock genes have important roles in tumor development. In the present study, the expression and functions of clock gene TIMELESS (encoding the Timeless protein) in CRC were investigated.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT and xenograft tumor experiments were used to prove the function of Timeless in the tumorigenesis of CRC. Immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, Immunofluorescence and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were utilized to clarify the mechanism of Timeless in regulating CRC tumorigenesis.

Results
We found that Timeless was upregulated in CRC tissues compared with corresponding normal tissues and its expression was closely associated with the TNM stages and overall survival of CRC patients. Functional studies demonstrated that Timeless promoted the proliferation, invasion, and EMT of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations showed that Timeless activated the β-catenin signal pathway by binding to Myosin-9, which binds to β-catenin to induce its nuclear translocation. The upregulation of Timeless was attributed to CREB-binding protein (CBP)/p300-mediated H3K27 acetylation of the promoter region of Timeless.

Conclusion
Timeless regulates the tumorigenesis of CRC by binding to and regulating myosin-9, suggesting Timeless might be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC.