bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digitally Supported Disciplinary Literacy in Elementary Instruction
Authors: Colwell Jamie , Hutchison Amy , Woodward Lindsay 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article addresses the considerations on what they term digitally supported elementary disciplinary literacy in elementary grade (K–5) instruction. In doing so, the authors focus on the particularities of elementary instruction and what disciplinary literacy might look like in those grade levels, with a particular emphasis on digital tools and texts, to propose suggestions for teachers to more readily integrate disciplinary literacy in elementary school. Specifically, the authors consider that elementary disciplinary literacy instruction should emphasize four Core Disciplinary Practices (CDPs) that are applicable across elementary disciplinary instruction to build critical foundational skills applicable to disciplinary literacy, as well as ideas for the central role digital texts and tools can play in this instruction.
Life-Areas and How to Estimate Greenhouse Gas Emission Footprints
Authors: Hadler Markus , Klösch Beate , Schwarzinger Stephan , Schweighart Markus , Wardana Rebecca , Bird David Neil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo enjoy a fulfilling life, a person needs six fundamental life requirements to be met. These six requirements or “life-areas” are housing, mobility, consumption of goods (e.g., clothing), diet, other activities (entertainment), and information. In the beginning of this chapter, a top-down estimate of Austrian consumption-based emissions in each life-area is presented. These are organized into segments that may be easily reduced by changing individual behavior and those segments that are fundamental aspects of our society. The remainder of this chapter discusses how to estimate the greenhouse gas (GHG) output. There is a trade-off between accuracy and level of detail, and the need to combine bottom-up survey results with the top-down national emissions inventory. How these trade-offs may be handled is demonstrated using a practical example.
The Multidimensionality of Consumption: Energy Lifestyles
Authors: Hadler Markus , Klösch Beate , Schwarzinger Stephan , Schweighart Markus , Wardana Rebecca , Bird David Neil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter enhances the previous understanding of Energy Lifestyles by identifying groups with distinct patterns of energy behavior across six areas of life. In contrast to most previous studies, the identification of groups is exclusively conducted on the basis of behavior-related data, whereas the characterization of the groups follows in a second step using psychological and socio-demographic variables. This chapter explicitly considers the multidimensionality of behavior and provides a comprehensive overview of different Energy Lifestyles and their potential roles in energy transition. The finding that there are almost no “average users” points out that policy designs must go beyond average figures based on the national emission figures and need to focus on different Energy Lifestyles.
Obstacles to Lower Environmental Impact in Low-Cost Behaviors
Authors: Hadler Markus , Klösch Beate , Schwarzinger Stephan , Schweighart Markus , Wardana Rebecca , Bird David Neil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the question of why environmentally conscious individuals find it difficult to behave in a correspondingly eco-friendly way. This phenomenon is referred to in the literature as the “value-action gap.” In this study, the definition of this gap is further expanded by considering individual intention. The discrepancies between environmental values, intention, and behavior are explored in the context of two environmentally relevant behaviors—mobility and consumption—using qualitative interviews. Firstly, key structural and intrapersonal obstacles to pro-environmental behavior are identified. Secondly, individual needs and requirements for facilitating eco-friendly behavior are addressed. Finally, strategies and potentials for pro-environmental change in society are discussed.
International Outlook and Conclusions
Authors: Hadler Markus , Klösch Beate , Schwarzinger Stephan , Schweighart Markus , Wardana Rebecca , Bird David Neil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe final chapter of this book summarizes the main insights from previous chapters and tests whether our approach is also applicable at an international level. Our international outlook shows that the five survey items, which capture more than three quarters of Austrian greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, also work well in other European countries. Similarly, the lifestyles identified in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-85796-7_6 are also present in other societies. Furthermore, this chapter shows that the prevalence of these lifestyles as well as the explanatory power of the models correlate with societal factors such as political institutions, affluence, environmental degradation, and socio-demographic characteristics. The final chapter closes with a brief consideration of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on environmental attitudes and individual willingness to make sacrifices for the environment.
Electron beam dump constraints on light bosons with lepton flavor violating couplings
Authors: Araki Takeshi , Asai Kento , Shimomura Takashi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We study constraints on light and feebly interacting bosons having charged lepton flavor violating couplings from electron beam dump experiments. Scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, and dipole type interactions of the bosons are analyzed, and excluded regions from the searches for decays into electron-positron pairs are derived. It is found that parameter regions unconstrained by flavor violating decays of muon can be excluded using the results of the E137 experiment. We also discuss the impact of the search for flavor violating decays of the light bosons in electron beam dump experiments.
Virtual QCD corrections to gluon-initiated diphoton plus jet production at hadron colliders
Authors: Badger Simon , Brønnum-Hansen Christian , Chicherin Dmitry , Gehrmann Thomas , Hartanto Heribertus Bayu , Henn Johannes , Marcoli Matteo , Moodie Ryan , Peraro Tiziano , Zoia Simone 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present an analytic computation of the gluon-initiated contribution to diphoton plus jet production at hadron colliders up to two loops in QCD. We reconstruct the analytic form of the finite remainders from numerical evaluations over finite fields including all colour contributions. Compact expressions are found using the pentagon function basis. We provide a fast and stable implementation for the colour- and helicity-summed interference between the one-loop and two-loop finite remainders in C++ as part of the NJet library.
Is suicide underreported? Evidence from Japan
Authors: Matsubayashi Tetsuya , Ueda Michiko 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The underreporting of suicides has been a serious global concern among scholars and policymakers. Several studies have sought to detect the prevalence of underreporting by examining whether suicide mortality rates are negatively correlated with those due to unknown intent or causes. This study adds to the literature by examining the potential underreporting of suicides in Japan, where suicide rates have greatly declined in the recent years.

Methods
We compiled subnational data from 47 prefectures between 1995 and 2016, obtained from Vital Statistics of Japan. We examined whether (1) mortality rates due to unknown intent or causes increased as suicide rates decreased; and (2) major socioeconomic causes of suicide (unemployment and divorce rates) had any relationship with the deaths due to unknown intent or causes.

Results
Our analysis indicates that mortality rates due to unknown intent or causes were uncorrelated with suicide rates and the above socioeconomic indicators.

Conclusions
In Japan, the frequency of suicides has no systematic relationship with deaths due to unknown intent or causes, suggesting the accuracy of suicide statistics.
Single-strand specific nuclease enhances accuracy of error-corrected sequencing and improves rare mutation-detection sensitivity
Authors: Otsubo Yuki , Matsumura Shoji , Ikeda Naohiro , Yamane Masayuki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractError-corrected sequences (ECSs) that utilize double-stranded DNA sequences are useful in detecting mutagen-induced mutations. However, relatively higher frequencies of G:C > T:A (1 × 10−7 bp) and G:C > C:G (2 × 10−7 bp) errors decrease the accuracy of detection of rare G:C mutations (approximately 10−7 bp). Oxidized guanines in single-strand (SS) overhangs generated after shearing could serve as the source of these errors. To remove these errors, we first computationally discarded up to 20 read bases corresponding to the ends of the DNA fragments. Error frequencies decreased proportionately with trimming length; however, the results indicated that they were not sufficiently removed. To efficiently remove SS overhangs, we evaluated three mechanistically distinct SS-specific nucleases (S1 Nuclease, mung bean nuclease, and RecJf exonuclease) and found that they were more efficient than computational trimming. Consequently, we established Jade-Seq™, an ECS protocol with S1 Nuclease treatment, which reduced G:C > T:A and G:C > C:G errors to 0.50 × 10−7 bp and 0.12 × 10−7 bp, respectively. This was probably because S1 Nuclease removed SS regions, such as gaps and nicks, depending on its wide substrate specificity. Subsequently, we evaluated the mutation-detection sensitivity of Jade-Seq™ using DNA samples from TA100 cells exposed to 3-methylcholanthrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, which contained the rare G:C > T:A mutation (i.e., 2 × 10−7 bp). Fold changes of G:C > T:A compared to the vehicle control were 1.2- and 1.3-times higher than those of samples without S1 Nuclease treatment, respectively. These findings indicate the potential of Jade-Seq™ for detecting rare mutations and determining the mutagenicity of environmental mutagens.
Prospective Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of a New Surgical Tube Fixation Method: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kaibori Masaki , Matsushima Hideyuki , Matsui Kosuke , Kosaka Hisashi , Yamamoto Hidekazu , Yoshii Kengo , Sekimoto Mitsugu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundVarious tubes may be fixed to the skin by ligation using silk sutures after gastrointestinal surgery. We investigated the effects of a skin substitute, “Nonaht®,” on pain and skin inflammation at the fixation sites of various tubes.MethodsThe effects of tubes (abdominal drains, small intestinal feeding tubes, and bile duct drainage tubes) fixed in place using either silk sutures or Nonaht were compared for 1–3 months.ResultsThe median pain scores at the fixation site when abdominal drains were removed were 1.0 with silk sutures and 0 with Nonaht (p < 0.001). Scarring at the fixation site at postoperative month (POM) 1 occurred in 13 of 28 cases in the silk suture group and in no cases in the Nonaht group (p < 0.001). The median pain scores at the fixation site with long‐term tubes on postoperative day (POD) 14 and POM 1 were 2.0 and 1.0, respectively, with silk sutures, and none at all time points with Nonaht (p < 0.001). Scarring at the fixation site at POM 3 occurred in all 10 cases in the silk suture group and in no cases in the Nonaht group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients with conventional skin fixation of tubes using silk sutures were continuously aware of pain at the fixation site and developed skin damage and subsequent scar formation, especially for tubes inserted for ≥ 1 month. The use of Nonaht may reduce the incidence of dermatitis and wound infections at tube fixation sites, thereby promoting early postoperative recovery.
The impact of infection-derived immunity on disease dynamics
Authors: Le Adam , King Aaron A. , Magpantay Felicia Maria G. , Mesbahi Afshin , Rohani Pejman 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhen modeling infectious diseases, it is common to assume that infection-derived immunity is either (1) non-existent or (2) perfect and lifelong. However there are many diseases in which infection-derived immunity is known to be present but imperfect. There are various ways in which infection-derived immunity can fail, which can ultimately impact the probability that an individual be reinfected by the same pathogen, as well as the long-run population-level prevalence of the pathogen. Here we discuss seven different models of imperfect infection-derived immunity, including waning, leaky and all-or-nothing immunity. For each model we derive the probability that an infected individual becomes reinfected during their lifetime, given that the system is at endemic equilibrium. This can be thought of as the impact that each of these infection-derived immunity failures have on reinfection. This measure is useful because it provides us with a way to compare different modes of failure of infection-derived immunity.
Monsoonal precipitation over Peninsular Malaysia in the CMIP6 HighResMIP experiments: the role of model resolution
Authors: Liang Ju , Tan Mou Leong , Hawcroft Matthew , Catto Jennifer L. , Hodges Kevin I. , Haywood James M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the ability of 20 model simulations which contributed to the CMIP6 HighResMIP to simulate precipitation in different monsoon seasons and extreme precipitation events over Peninsular Malaysia. The model experiments utilize common forcing but are run with different horizontal and vertical resolutions. The impact of resolution on the models’ abilities to simulate precipitation and associated environmental fields is assessed by comparing multi-model ensembles at different resolutions with three observed precipitation datasets and four climate reanalyses. Model simulations with relatively high horizontal and vertical resolution exhibit better performance in simulating the annual cycle of precipitation and extreme precipitation over Peninsular Malaysia and the coastal regions. Improvements associated with the increase in horizontal and vertical resolutions are also found in the statistical relationship between precipitation and monsoon intensity in different seasons. However, the increase in vertical resolution can lead to a reduction of annual mean precipitation compared to that from the models with low vertical resolutions, associated with an overestimation of moisture divergence and underestimation of lower-tropospheric vertical ascent in the different monsoon seasons. This limits any improvement in the simulation of precipitation in the high vertical resolution experiments, particularly for the Southwest monsoon season.
Diverse human astrocyte and microglial transcriptional responses to Alzheimer’s pathology
Authors: Smith Amy M. , Davey Karen , Tsartsalis Stergios , Khozoie Combiz , Fancy Nurun , Tang See Swee , Liaptsi Eirini , Weinert Maria , McGarry Aisling , Muirhead Robert C. J. , Gentleman Steve , Owen David R. , Matthews Paul M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo better define roles that astrocytes and microglia play in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we used single-nuclei RNA-sequencing to comprehensively characterise transcriptomes in astrocyte and microglia nuclei selectively enriched during isolationpost-mortemfrom neuropathologically defined AD and control brains with a range of amyloid-beta and phospho-tau (pTau) pathology. Significant differences in glial gene expression (including AD risk genes expressed in both the astrocytes [CLU,MEF2C,IQCK] and microglia [APOE,MS4A6A,PILRA]) were correlated with tissue amyloid or pTau expression. The differentially expressed genes were distinct between with the two cell types and pathologies, although common (but cell-type specific) gene sets were enriched with both pathologies in each cell type. Astrocytes showed enrichment for proteostatic, inflammatory and metal ion homeostasis pathways. Pathways for phagocytosis, inflammation and proteostasis were enriched in microglia and perivascular macrophages with greater tissue amyloid, but IL1-related pathway enrichment was found specifically in association with pTau. We also found distinguishable sub-clusters in the astrocytes and microglia characterised by transcriptional signatures related to either homeostatic functions or disease pathology. Gene co-expression analyses revealed potential functional associations of soluble biomarkers of AD in astrocytes (CLU) and microglia (GPNMB). Our work highlights responses of both astrocytes and microglia for pathological protein clearance and inflammation, as well as glial transcriptional diversity in AD.
Pretreatment tumor sampling and prognostic factors in patients with soft-tissue sarcoma of the head and neck
Authors: Roos Johan H. , Mäkitie Antti A. , Tarkkanen Jussi , Ilmarinen Taru T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Insufficient preoperative work-up and consequent intralesional or marginal resection of soft-tissue sarcomas of the head and neck (STSHNs) is common.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study comprised 63 patients with STSHN treated at the Helsinki University Hospital between 2005 and 2017. We assessed the effect of pretreatment tumor sampling on surgical margin status and need for supplemental surgery, as well as prognostic factors and survival.

Results
The lack of representative pretreatment biopsy specimen was associated with unfavorable margin status. Primary surgery at a non-academic center was associated with need for supplemental surgery. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 68%, disease-specific survival (DSS) 71%, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) 61%. Higher tumor grade and primary tumor size over 5 cm were associated with reduced DSS.

Conclusions
Diagnosis and management of STSHNs should be centralized to experienced academic centers. Decision-making between needle biopsy, open biopsy, or upfront radical surgery depends on tumor location and size.
Garnet major-element composition as an indicator of host-rock type: a machine learning approach using the random forest classifier
Authors: Schönig Jan , von Eynatten Hilmar , Tolosana-Delgado Raimon , Meinhold Guido 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe major-element chemical composition of garnet provides valuable petrogenetic information, particularly in metamorphic rocks. When facing detrital garnet, information about the bulk-rock composition and mineral paragenesis of the initial garnet-bearing host-rock is absent. This prevents the application of chemical thermo-barometric techniques and calls for quantitative empirical approaches. Here we present a garnet host-rock discrimination scheme that is based on a random forest machine-learning algorithm trained on a large dataset of 13,615 chemical analyses of garnet that covers a wide variety of garnet-bearing lithologies. Considering the out-of-bag error, the scheme correctly predicts the original garnet host-rock in (i) > 95% concerning the setting, that is either mantle, metamorphic, igneous, or metasomatic; (ii) > 84% concerning the metamorphic facies, that is either blueschist/greenschist, amphibolite, granulite, or eclogite/ultrahigh-pressure; and (iii) > 93% concerning the host-rock bulk composition, that is either intermediate–felsic/metasedimentary, mafic, ultramafic, alkaline, or calc–silicate. The wide coverage of potential host rocks, the detailed prediction classes, the high discrimination rates, and the successfully tested real-case applications demonstrate that the introduced scheme overcomes many issues related to previous schemes. This highlights the potential of transferring the applied discrimination strategy to the broad range of detrital minerals beyond garnet. For easy and quick usage, a freely accessible web app is provided that guides the user in five steps from garnet composition to prediction results including data visualization.
Proving authentication property of PUF-based mutual authentication protocol based on logic of events
Authors: Song Jiawen , Xiao Meihua , Zhang Tong , Zhou Haoyang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPUF (Physical unclonable function) is a new hardware security primitive, and the research on PUFs is one of the emerging research focuses. For PUF-based mutual authentication protocols, a method to abstract the security properties of hardware by using logic of events is proposed, and the application aspects of logic of events are extended to protocols based on hardware security. With the interaction of PUF-based mutual authentication protocol formally described by logic of events, the basic sequences are constructed and the strong authentication property in protocol interaction process is verified. Based on the logic of events, the freshness of nonces is defined, and the persist rule is proposed according to the concept of freshness, which ensures the consistency of the protocol state and behavior predicate in the proof process, and reduces the complexity and redundancy in the protocol analysis process. Under reasonable assumptions, the security of the protocol is proven, and the fact that logic of events applies to PUF-based mutual authentication protocols is shown.
The predictive value of preoperative paraspinal muscle morphometry on complications after lumbar surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Gengyu Han , Jinyue Dai , Chunjie Gong , Bo Zhang , Yu Jiang , Jiaming Li , Weishi Li 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The effect of paraspinal muscles atrophy and fat infiltration (FI) on the complications of spinal surgery has not been established.

Methods
A review of the literature was conducted from a search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from inception through January 2021. The literature was searched and assessed by independent reviewers based on criteria that included an assessment of preoperative paraspinal muscle morphology in addition to measuring its relationship to surgical complications. All relevant papers were assessed for risk of bias according to the modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. A narrative synthesis was conducted.

Results
The initial search yielded 5632 studies, of which 16 studies were included in the analysis. All included studies were at a low risk of bias. There existed strong evidence that the atrophy and FI of paraspinal muscles had an association with the development of bone nonunion (two high quality studies), pedicle screw loosening (two high quality studies), adjacent segment degeneration (three high quality studies) and proximal junctional kyphosis (five high quality studies) after lumbar surgery. Besides, there is also limited evidence for association between atrophy and FI of paraspinal extensor muscles and less local and global curve improvement.

Conclusions
Strong evidence was found for an association between preoperative paraspinal muscle degeneration and multiple postoperative complications after lumbar surgery. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to the small quantity of the available literature and high heterogeneity among studies.