bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Olfactory Mucosa of Butter Catfish Clupisoma garua (Siluriformes, Ailiidae)
Authors: Ghosh Saroj Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
The olfactory system is one of the most important chemosensory systems for teleosts. The olfactory epithelium of freshwater catfish Clupisoma garua (Siluriformes, Ailiidae) was studied by the aid of light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

Materials and Methods:
Mature sex-independent fish species were collected from Hooghly River, a distributary channel of river Ganga. Following routine procedure of ultrastructural techniques, different sensory and nonsensory cells lining the olfactory epithelium were described.

Results:
The lamella contained two epithelia, with a central core sandwiched in between. Based on distribution pattern and structural characteristics of cell, each olfactory lamella was differentiated into sensory and nonsensory epithelium. The smaller sensory epithelium contained morphologically distinct ciliated, microvillous, and rod receptor cells, distinguished based on staining patterns, characteristic length, and architecture of their dendritic terminals. The nonsensory epithelium comprising the greater surface area was made up of labyrinth cells, mast cells, supporting cells, ciliated nonsensory cells, and basal cells. The cilia furnished a characteristic 9 + 2 microtubule arrangement.

Conclusion:
The functional significance of various cells on the olfactory epithelium was correlated with behavior of the fish concerned.
Raisins Preserve Thyroid Gland Function and Structure in an Animal Model of Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Ayuob Nasra , Shaker Soad Ali , Bakhshwin Abdulaziz , Alsaggaf Samar , Helal Ghada , Hamed Shereen 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Statins are among the first line of pharmacological treatment of lipid disorders and lowering serum cholesterol, but they have many side effects.

Aim:
The study aim was to evaluate the role of raisins in protecting the thyroid function and structure in a rat model of hypercholesterolemia, through biochemical and histopathological investigation.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty male rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 each) of albino rats included the control, high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed for 13 weeks and HCD plus Raisins were included in this study. Blood levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, lipids, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), T3, T4, oxidants/anti-oxidants were assessed. Thyroid gland was processed and examined histopathologically using light and electron microscopy.

Results:
Feeding HCD resulted in hypercholesterolemia in rats after 13 weeks as evidence by lipid profile. Ingestion of raisins along with HCD resulted in a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the levels of insulin, blood glucose, thyroxine (T4) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while the levels of TSH, T3 and total anti-oxidant capacity significantly (P < 0.001) elevated. Raisins histologically alleviated the HCD-induced structural changes in the thyroid glands that included degenerated mitochondria and increased lipid droplets in the cytoplasm.

Conclusions:
Simultaneous administration of raisins along with HCD, administrated for a short time, could modulate the negative effect on thyroid gland structure and function.
Effects of a home based exercise intervention on cardiac biomarkers, liver enzymes, and cardiometabolic outcomes in CABG and PCI patients
Authors: Olgoye Ashrafolsadat Mashhad , Samadi Ali , Jamalian Seyed Ali 
Published: January 2021

Background:
We investigated the impact of a home-based exercise intervention (HBEI) on cardiac biomarkers, liver enzymes, cardiometabolic outcomes, and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in clinically stable patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Materials and Methods:
The study was a nonrandomized clinical trial conducted in Tehran, Iran, from July 2019 to January 2020. Forty cardiac patients (after the cardiac intervention, CABG, n = 32; PCI, n = 8) were recruited based on the study inclusion criteria and were allocated consecutively to one of two groups: (1) HBEI (n = 18) and (2) conventional center-based exercise program (CBEP, n = 22). The CBEP group performed the routine exercise program of Sadr Heart Clinic, and the HBEI group performed a home-based remotely monitored exercise protocol, both three times per week, for 8 weeks. The following variables were assessed before and after the intervention: anthropometric measures; blood pressure; lipid profile; cardiac biomarkers including cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase, and total and Mb isozyme; liver enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase; creatinine; urea; exercise capacity; and HRQL.

Results:
In comparison with pretest in both CBEP and HBEI groups, a significant improvement in all of the measured variables (P < 0.05), but not in ejection fraction was observed (P > 0.05). Moreover, in the CBEP group, a more significant decline in troponin I levels (P = 0.03), and in the HBEI group, a greater reduction in weight (P = 0.01) and body mass index (P = 0.04) occurred.

Conclusion:
The findings suggest that a properly designed and monitored HBEI may be as effective as conventional center-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) exercise programs and should be encouraged in those cardiac patients who are unable or uninterested in conventional center-based CR exercise programs.
Moves on k-graphs preserving Morita equivalence
Authors: Eckhardt Caleb , Fieldhouse Kit , Gent Daniel , Gillaspy Elizabeth , Gonzales Ian , Pask David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe initiate the program of extending to higher-rank graphs (k-graphs) the geometric classification of directed graph
$C^*$
-algebras, as completed in Eilers et al. (2016, Preprint). To be precise, we identify four “moves,” or modifications, one can perform on a k-graph
$\Lambda $
, which leave invariant the Morita equivalence class of its
$C^*$
-algebra
$C^*(\Lambda )$
. These moves—in-splitting, delay, sink deletion, and reduction—are inspired by the moves for directed graphs described by Sørensen (Ergodic Th. Dyn. Syst. 33(2013), 1199–1220) and Bates and Pask (Ergodic Th. Dyn. Syst. 24(2004), 367–382). Because of this, our perspective on k-graphs focuses on the underlying directed graph. We consequently include two new results, Theorem 2.3 and Lemma 2.9, about the relationship between a k-graph and its underlying directed graph.
Single versus multi-dose intra-articular injection of platelet rich plasma in early stages of osteoarthritis of the knee: A single-blind, randomized, superiority trial
Authors: Subramanyam Koushik , Alguvelly Rajkumar , Mundargi Abhishek , Khanchandani Prakash 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of single, double, and triple doses of intra-articular (IA) platelet rich plasma (PRP) in early stages of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee.
Patients and methods: This single-blind, randomized, superiority trial included a total of 180 knees of 90 patients (22 males, 68 females; mean age: 47.9 years; range, 36 to 60 years) with bilateral OA knee of Kellgren-Lawrence Grade 1-2 between May 2017 and December 2018. The patients were randomized (30 in each group) to receive single, double, or triple doses of IA PRP (two weeks apart in repeat injections). The outcome measures were Visual Analog Scale, International Knee Documentation Committee Score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and Tegner Lysholm Knee Score. The assessor of outcome was blinded. The scores were collected before intervention and at six weeks, three months, six months, and one year after the intervention.
Results: All patients completed the study. All three groups were comparable with respect to demographic and disease characteristics. All four scores were comparable among the three groups before intervention and at six weeks, three months, and six months. However, at one-year follow-up, the three-dose group showed superiority to others in terms of all four scores. All three groups showed improvement until six months and deterioration thereafter, which was only marginal in the three-dose group. All groups showed a statistically significant improvement of scores compared to baseline scores at one year. There were no major complications.
Conclusion: The IA administration of three doses of PRP yields superior outcome to single and double doses at the end of one year. Repeat doses are probably needed to sustain the benefit achieved at one year.
The Measurement of Impulse Buying toward Emotional Responses
Authors: Joseph M J Renwarin  
Published: January 2021

The objective of this research aims to know the influence of sales promotions and store atmosphere towards impulse buying with emotional responses as an intervening variable. The research method explores the primary data using quantitative approach for analysis. The research data of 310 respondents, come from the questionnaire disbursement by google form. The data analysis using SPSS 23.0 and SEM methods (Structural Equation Modeling) 88.0 LISREL. The research results of the analysis stated that sales promotions has no effect towards impulse buying with t value 1.28 (< 1.967); store atmosphere has no effect towards impulse buying with a t value -2.25 (< 1.967); emotional responses affect the impulse buying with t value 4.56 (> 1.967); sales promotion affect to emotional responses with t value 7.68 (> 1.96) and store atmospheric affect on impulse buying with value t of 10.12 (>1.967).
Efek Tindakan Bedah Terhadap Kadar Laktat Darah dan Glasgow Outcome Scale Penderita Hematoma Subdural Akut Traumatik
Authors: Henky Jefri , Adam Achmad , Arifin Muhammad Zafrullah 
Published: January 2021

Pendahuluan. Hematoma subdural merupakan salah satu cedera otak lokal yang menyebabkan defisit neurologis, memiliki gejala sisa bahkan kematian. Hematoma subdural akut traumatik memicu iskemia serebri melalui peningkatan tekanan intrakranial akibat edema yang menyebabkan gangguan perfusi otak. Angka keberhasilan pengobatan dan perawatan hematoma subdural akut traumatik dinilai menggunakan Glasgow outcome scale yang sederhana, cepat dan mudah dilakukan. Metode. Studi akuasi eksperimental dengan one group pre–post test design dilakukan terhadap 40 penderita hematoma subdural akut traumatik yang masuk Unit Gawat Darurat RS Dr Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode Agustus–Oktober 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji t–test berpasangan dan uji korelasi Spearman. Kemaknaan ditentukan berdasarkan nilai p<0,05 dan confidence interval sebesar 95%. Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rerata kadar laktat darah pra dan pasca bedah adalah 3,16+1,49 mmol/L dan 2,38+1,23 mmol/L, terdapat penurunan yang bermakna rerata kadar laktat pasca bedah (p<0,001). Uji korelasi Spearman didapatkan bahwa kadar laktat pra bedah memiliki korelasi negatif lemah dengan nilai glasgow outcome scale (r=–0,346; p = 0,026).
Kesimpulan. Pemeriksaan kadar laktat darah pra dan pasca bedah dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai salah satu pemeriksaan rutin dalam menentukan kerusakan seluler dan nilai glasgow outcome scale akibat hematoma subdural akut traumatik
Laparoscopic Transperitoneal Approach for Vesicovaginal Repair : The First Experience in Hasan Sadikin Hospital
Authors: Santoso Jumadi , Pramod Sawkar Vijay 
Published: January 2021

Background. Obstetric fistula is a severe and debilitating condition occurring throughout the developing world. Although there are no accurate data on the incidence and prevalence of the condition, the majority of vesicovaginal fistulas develop after obstetric procedure, with delayed labour accounting for 90% of cases. Several techniques are available for repairing the fistulas. Transperitoneal approaches give good results even for difficult posterior located fistulas, but are associated with increased morbidity compared with the transvaginal approach. We performed a laparoscopic repair and omentum interposition. The objective of this article is to report our first experience in transperitoneal laparoscopic repair of vesicovaginal fistula in Hasan Sadikin Hospital.
Method. A 31–year–old female presented with vesicovaginal fistula after sectio caersaeran because of de- layed labour. After a failed trial of conservative treatment with catheter drainage, a transperitoneal laparoscopic repair was performed. Cystoscopy was performed initially to confirm the fistula location and for bilat- eral ureteric catheterization. A 4–port technique was performed with the patient in the position with her legs in lithotomy position. Without opening the bladder, the fistula tract was excised with separation of the bladder from the anterior vagina wall. Both the bladder and vagina walls were then closed separately using intracorporeal suturing with an interpositional omentum.
Results. Total operative time was 270 min. Normal diet was resumed on day 1, drain was removed on post operative day 1 and patient was discharged on the second day with an indwelling catheter. Food cosmetic result on wound operation and no leakage under cystogram after 2 weeks. The catheter was removed after 2 weeks.
Conclusion. Laparoscopic transperitoneal repair of vesicovaginal fistula with omentum inteposition is feasible in Hasan Sadikin Hospital with good outcomes, short hospital days, and good cosmetics result. Still need more same cases before a final conclusion
Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Ureterolithotomy for Large Distal Ureteric Stone: The first Experience in Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung
Authors: Priyosantoso Bacilius Agung , Pramod Sawkar Vijay 
Published: January 2021

Background. Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy has become an alternative to open surgery for removing large stones that is not amenable to endoscopic treatment. In most of the published literature, laparoscopic ap- proach for lower ureteric stone is described to be less successful than middle and upper ureter. Identifica- tion in anatomical landmarks and exposing the distal ureter has been the major boundaries in establishing laparoscopic distal ureteral stone. We hope to provide clarity and feasibility that may increase our knowledge in laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for large distal ureteral stone.
Aim. The obbjective is to share our experience in laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for large distal ureteric stone with transperitoneal approach
Methods. A 37 years old male has been diagnosed with a right hydronephrosis due to proximal ureterolithiasis and stone at left calyx inferior, first and stone migrated to right distal ureter on 12 hours prior surgery. He underwent laparoscopic ureterolithotomy with transperitoneal approach.
Results. We successfully perform laparoscopic ureterolithotomy with transperitoneal approach on a 37 y.o male patient who diagnosed with a a right hydronephrosis due to distal ureterolithiasis and stone at left calyx inferior. Duration of operation was 45 minutes. Patient was discharged at 2nd postoperative day without any complications.
Conclusion. A Transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for distal ureteric stone is a safe and feasible technique that should be an options on every patients who plan to undergo distal ureterolithotomy especially large stone
EFFECT OF E-PROCUREMENT PRACTICES ON SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE
Authors: Waithaka Robert Kariuki , Kimani John G. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: the purpose of the study is to establish the influence of electronic procurement practices on supply chain performance.
Methodology: The researcher employed a method of reviewing desktop literature. To assess the feasibility of the subject for testing, three processing stages were applied on the subject under review. This was the first step of the original identification of all papers based on the effect of electronic sourcing activities on the efficiency of the supply chain. A second quest covered fully available literature on the issue of e-procurement processes and efficiency of the supply chain. The third stage included the collection of journals that were freely available. The researcher arrived at 12 papers that were relevant for review after an in-depth quest into the top key terms (e-procurement processes, supply chain management, performance).
Findings: Procurement performance is the backbone of an organization success since it contributes to competitive purchase and acquisition of quality goods that puts the organization products or services in the competitive edge in the market. In the analysis of the use of e-procurement on performance of the procurement functions of county governments in Kenya, the results revealed that e-procurement is positively related with performance of supply chain function of County Governments in Kenya.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study therefore recommended that the Government come up with policies on adoption of e-procurement practices and provide critical resources and leadership in adoption of e-procurement. It is recommended that in order to achieve maximum benefits of reduced order processing time, reduced costs, reduced human errors and improved delivery, management should enhance electronic system and insist on all orders being processed electronically.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL IN GARBA TULLA SUBCOUNTY
Authors: Galwab Armara Macimiliam , Joseph M. Prof. Ininda 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To assess the Impact of climate change on food and nutrition security at household level in Garbatulla sub-county.
Methodology:The study was designed as a cross sectional survey. Findings: The analysis of rainfall and temperatures over the region of study indicates that there has been decreasing trend of yearly rainfall and increasing temperatures. Result also revealed that the area is highly dependent on food aid which is an indication of food insecurity in Garbatulla. The analysis of nutritional status in the region remains between poor and serious, requiring adequate attention which is an indication of deterioration in nutrition. The study also found out that the respondents were using arrange of coping mechanism which are at border on survival rather than adequacy. Further, the study findings indicated a number of barriers hindering the community from consuming more nutritious foods such as fish, eggs and tubers.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The widespread occurrence of food insecurity, the severity of the consequences and insufficient progress in reducing the numbers of the food insecure all point to the need for further urgent action. The findings of this study will come in handy by showing the extent to which climate change affects food security and nutrition. Hence, decision-makers at all levels, such as the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock and NGOs, will use the study findings design effective policies and programs. The findings will also contribute to the body of knowledge in the academia and may provide insights on food security gaps for further academic research
Evaluación de la fertirrigación por goteo superficial y subsuperficial en el rendimiento de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Conde Solano José Lauro 
Published: January 2021

Se implementó un ensayo de 20 m x 20 m, en los campos experimentales de la Universidad Nacional de Loja para evaluar el rendimiento del cultivo de papa a través de la fertirrigación en riego por goteo con NPK; y, determinar la disponibilidad de NPK a 10, 30 y 50 cm de profundidad, suministrados en forma superficial, y subsuperficial a 25 cm de profundidad. El ensayo se realizó con tres tratamientos y tres réplicas por tratamiento ver (figura 2.1). Las dosificaciones de NPK fueron las mismas tanto para el riego por goteo superficial (T2) como para el riego por goteo subsuperficial (T3), así mismo las frecuencias de riego, tiempos de riego y caudales suministrados por los emisores fueron los mismos para los tres tratamientos (T1, T2, T3). Las frecuencias y tiempos de riego se establecieron en función de las lecturas del tensiómetro de mercurio calibrado anticipadamente. Con el riego por goteo subsuperficial y con fertilización se obtuvo un rendimiento de 16,97 t/ha; con riego por goteo superficial y con fertilización se obtuvo 14,44 t/ha; mientras que con el riego por goteo sin fertilización fue de 8,14 t/ha. Referente a las concentraciones de NPK, se encontró mayor concentración de Nitrógeno (N) en 14,7%, fósforo (P) 56%, y potasio (K) 20% en el riego superficial.
‘A racist challenge might force us apart’: divergence, reliance and empathy in Parable of the Sower, by Octavia Butler
Authors: Grecca Gabriela Bruschini 
Published: January 2021

This article aims to analyze racial issues in the resistance community depicted in Parable of the Sower (1993), by Octavia Butler, named ‘Acorn’. By researching the critical approaches to this novel, I observed that, as much as they admit race as a force that interferes in the relation between offenders and offended, they have not gone further in questioning how the variety and the complexity of the previous backgrounds of these racialized subjects cannot be ignored and homogenized in the establishment of bonds among the offended as well. As I aim to demonstrate, the world experience carried by each character, determined especially by race and social class, helps meditating on their own asymmetrical positions and showing how their empathy towards one another has to be built and (re-)negotiated all the time.
Christian and Modernist Utopia in Coetzee’s Novels The Childhood of Jesus and Schooldays of Jesus
Authors: Rosenfield Kathrin , Pereira Lawrence Flores 
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This article addresses, in its first part, the many critics who have difficulty in making sense of Coetzee’s two novels The Childhood of Jesus and Schooldays of Jesus, offering clues for an understanding of Coetzee’s utopian thought experiment within the framework of Christian ideals. The second argument reconstructs Coetzee’s ironic musings about the future of the traditions of Western culture and art. Setting his fictional reflection in a utopian society which has achieved a truly equalitarian order, patterned on the ideals of Primitive Christianity and monastic humility, Coetzee explores the question whether in such a society there is still space and need for the arts, or if the success of our rational utopian endeavors will lead to the disappearance of art as we have known it for millennia.
THE HEPATITIS C UNTYPE-ABLE GENOTYPES, AN EMERGENCE OF QUASI-SPECIES IN HCV INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Fahim Qanita , Mirza Irfan Ali , Khalid Ayesha , Imtiaz Anum , Ahmad Asad 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of Type-able and untype-able genotypes in hepatitis C infected patients,and to observe their association with gender, age, Alanine Aminotranferease and viral load.
Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Combined Military Hospital, and Lahore, Pakistanfrom Sep 2017 to Mar 2018.
Methodology: Six hundred forty seven anti HCV antibodies positive serum samples by Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbant Assay were received from a total of 6791 serum samples. The positive sera were subjected to qualitative PCR and quantitative real time (RT) PCR to determine pre-treatment viral load. Quantitative PCR positive sera with viral load >500IU/ml were further subjected to molecular genotyping by using Ohno et al method.
Result: Out of 647 positive serum samples, type-specific PCR fragments were seen in 424 sera, while 13 (3.1%) of serum samples were of untype-able genotype. In all age groups genotype 3a had emerged as a predominantgenotype 397 (93.6%), followed by 1b 8 (1.9%), 3b 4 (0.9%), 1a 2 (0.5%), while no sample detected to have 2a, 2b,5a, 6a and mixed genotypes. The highest prevalence of untype-ables were seen in 61-70 age group.
Conclusion: Need of the hour is proper sequencing of untype-able genotypes via upgrading existing methodologies. It will not only help the clinicians in achieving sustained virological response but also help in identifying new genotypes/subtypes.