bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometric Study of Bicipital Groove in Dry Adult Human Cadaveric Humerus in Indian Population
Authors: Khanna Kesar , Nafees Hina , Usmani Dilshad Ahmad , Jain Sanjeev Kumar , Sharma Sonika 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
An important anatomical feature on the ventral surface of the proximal section of the humerus is the “bicipital groove” (BG). Understanding the functional importance of the shoulder area requires a thorough understanding of the morphometric research of the bicipital groove. It is regarded as a significant turning point for humeral head replacement and shoulder prosthesis. The current study aims to investigate the bicipital groove’s morphometry and show how variations in its parameters affect the way the surrounding structures operate.

Objectives:
Primary objective is to determine various morphometric parameters of bicipital groove and to calculate the medial and lateral angles of the dry humerus’s bicipital groove. We also evaluate the anthropometric differences between intertubercular sulcus of the right side and the left side of humerus.

Materials and Methods:
The study was carried out at the Anatomy Department of TMMC and RC, TMU, Moradabad, and was descriptive in nature. Forty-one dried adult cadaveric humerus bones (19 Rt. Humerus, 22 Lt. Humerus) were used in the study. The bicipital groove’s breadth and length as well as the medial and lateral wall angles were measured. It was noted that Meyers Ridge was present. A suitable test for statistics was used.

Results:
The biciptal groove measured 78.35 ± 4.5 mm on the right side and 78.21 ± 7.2 mm on the left. The calculated width of the same was 9.13 ± 1.1 mm on the left and 10.11 ± 1.2 mm on the right. The bicipital groove measured in this study has a depth of 5.39 ± 1.0 mm on the right side and 5.30 ± 1.0 mm on the left. The median wall angle of the right humerus measured 46.58 ± 6.5, whereas the left humerus measured 47 ± 5.8. The bicipital groove measurements for the right and left sides were 48.89 ± 5.8 and 49 ± 4.7, respectively, in terms of their lateral wall angles. The frequency of Meyer’s supratubercular ridge on the right side of the humerus was determined to be 15.8%.

Conclusion:
The differences in the morphometry of the bicipital groove have been verified by this investigation. In the Indian population, these grooves were found to be slightly deeper and wider. Anatomists, orthopedic surgeons, and others who fabricate prosthesis based on native Indian bone measurements would greatly benefit from the data collected.
Gender- and Age-based Measurement of Morphometric Parameters around the Hip Joint: A Radiographic Study
Authors: Makdoomi Mohd. Arif , Shahdaad Shaheen , Khan Javeed Ahmad , Bhat Ghulam Mohammad , Hakeem R Aijaz Ahmad 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
Morphometric parameters of structures around the hip joint are essential for surgeries around the area. The present study aimed to determine the mean values of the distance between the tip of the greater trochanter to the superior edge of the acetabulum and the mean values of medial femoral offset.

Materials and Methods:
Normal plain radiographs (anteroposterior view) of the pelvis with bilateral hip joints of 200 people between 20 and 50 years of age were used for the study. The X-rays were from (a) Patients complaining of Lower back ache or pain in the hip, who had no joint pathology based on radiological examination, (b) Patients of age group 20–50 years, and (c) Patients without any deformity of the hip joint.

Results:
The mean distance values between the tip of the greater trochanter to the superior margin of the acetabulum in females in 100 X-rays on the right side was 23.34 ± 1.25 mm, and on the left side, it was 23.04 ± 1.58 mm. In males, the mean value of this parameter in 100 X-rays on the right side was 25.83 ± 1.65 mm; on the left side, it was 25.31 ± 1.39 mm. All the above findings were statistically significant (P < 0.001). The mean values of medial femoral offset on the right side in females in 100 X-rays were 35.27 ± 2.22 mm; on the left, it was 35.01 ± 2.19 mm. In males, the mean value of this parameter in 100 X-rays on the right side was 38.62 ± 3.26 mm; on the left side, it was 36.52 ± 3.16 mm. All the above findings were statistically significant with P < 0.001.

Conclusion:
The results calculated provide essential information about gender, age, and side variations of the mean values of the distance between the tip of the greater trochanter to the superior edge of the acetabulum and the mean values of medial femoral offset for anatomists, radiologists, and orthopedic surgeons.
A Clinicoanatomical Study of Perforators of the Posterior Tibial Artery in Distal One-third of the Leg
Authors: Anjum Saba , Chopra Jyoti , Tomar Sushma , Diwan Rakesh Kumar , Mishra Brijesh 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
The posterior tibial artery (PTA) is the terminal branch of the popliteal artery. PTA flap has gained widespread clinical importance in reconstructive surgeries. Perforator flap procedures will be complicated without thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the underlying vasculature. Various areas of the body can be used to develop different types of flaps that can be used effectively to increase the survival of the flaps and thereby minimize morbidity and the quality of life the patients.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted on 29 lower limbs of 15 adult fresh frozen cadavers. There were 9 males and 6 females who voluntarily donated their bodies to the Department of Anatomy, King George’s Medical University UP, Lucknow. Latex mixed with red paint was injected into the femoral artery. We measured the diameter, length, and distance of the perforator of PTA from the medial tibial border (MTB) and medial malleolus (MM) in the distal one-third of the leg.

Results:
The mean distance of all septocutaneous perforators from MTB and MM was 25.6 ± 2.4 mm and 72.6 ± 27.1 mm, respectively. The mean length and diameter of the perforator were 16.6 ± 4.4 mm and 0.64 ± 0.11 mm, respectively.

Conclusion:
The best flaps can be harvested from the distal one-third of the leg as it has a large piece of the skin and a long pedicle. Hence, for designing these flaps, the knowledge regarding location, type, length and caliber of the perforator as well as the area of skin it is supplied by it is mandatory.
The Impact of Tri (2-ethylhexyl) Trimellitate on Renal Functions in Sprague–Dawley Rats
Authors: Rajpoot Ayesha Zafar , Khan Humaira Fayyaz , Iqbal Fatima , Rameez Rubab , Anis Tayyaba , Shahid Ayesha , Ali Shazia , Mumtaz Hassan 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Globally, there is a growing concern over the excessive use of plasticizers and their hazardous effects on human’s organs particularly kidney.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aims to determine the effects of TOTM on renal functions so it may get used in medical equipment, toys, and food packaging with full knowledge regarding its repercussions. The objective is to determine the levels of serum urea, creatinine, cystatin C and endothelial nitric oxide synthase of Sprague Dawley rats exposed to different doses of TOTM to reach viable results.

Materials and Methods:
A total number of 30 rats were randomly divided into three groups. Each group comprised of 10 male rats divided as one control group (I) given normal saline with rat pellets, group II 300 mg/kg/day of TOTM and group III 1000 mg/kg/day TOTM in the form of rat pellets. Rats of experimental groups II and III were given TOTM with doses of 300 mg/kg/day and 1000mg/kg /day throughout the experiment via oral route for about four weeks.

Results:
The result showed an increase in serum urea, creatine and cystatin C level in a dose dependent manner.

Conclusion:
The study finds an association between exposure to TOTM plasticizer on renal function in proportion to dose.
A qualitative study to explain the determinants of naswār consumption from the point of view of its consumers
Authors: Bazrafshan Mohammad-Rafi , Mansouri Amir , Masmouei Behnam , Niknam Noureddin , Zahedi Fatemeh 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
One of the health problems related to tobacco that is increasing in society is the consumption of naswār. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of naswār consumption from the point of view of its consumers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this qualitative study, 47 men with an age range of 23- 54 years who consumed naswār from the southern cities of Fars province in Iran were selected and interviewed. These participants were selected using purposive and snowball sampling methods, and data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done using the conventional approach of qualitative content analysis.

RESULTS:
Three main categories were extracted: (1) Individual factors and beliefs related to naswār consumption (Non-addictive, similar and replacement with smoking, Not causing confusion, Being relaxing and enjoyable, increasing the effect of using other substances, reducing fatigue, causing body aches due to lack of use, having long effect, not causing physical problems, not causing weakness, having fast effect, increasing energy to work), (2) Environmental factors (being available, Having the low price, being consumed anywhere, being easy to store and carry, Not understanding others), and (3) Social factors (as a hobby, lack of entertainment, relatives and friends of the consumer, lack of ban on the consumption of naswār, lack of family opposition).

CONCLUSION:
As the results showed, there are many reasons for consuming naswār based on individual, environmental, and social factors. Formulation of laws, health policies, and education can be effective in adopting strategies to prevent and control the consumption of naswār.
Development and psychometric evaluation of the ethical conflict assessment instrument in nursing: A mixed-method protocol study
Authors: Falahati Ebrahim , Alavi Mousa , Shahriari Mohsen 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Ethical conflict among nurses has a significant impact on their health and the quality of nursing care. The lack of specific ethical and legal signs and obstacles for reporting ethical conflict in nurses has made diagnosis and the management of its negative consequences difficult. This study aims to develop a valid, reliable, evidence-based instrument to assess the ethical conflict of nurses in the sociocultural and managerial context of Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This is an exploratory mixed-method study that will be conducted using a sequential qualitative–quantitative design (QUAL → quan) consisting of four sequential phases to develop the instrument. In the first phase, a qualitative study (semistructured interview) will be conducted to explain nurses’ experiences and perceptions of ethical conflict. In the second phase, a literature review, along with textual content analysis, will be used. In the third phase, the items will be developed and the primary instrument will be designed based on the findings of the qualitative study and the literature review by a panel of experts. Finally, in the fourth phase, the psychometric properties of the Instrument, including validity (face, content, construct, and criterion validities) and reliability (internal consistency and stability) are evaluated.

CONCLUSION:
The findings of our study will enrich the description of ethical conflict in nursing and will facilitate advancing research in ethical conflict in nursing, a new but important concept in Nursing management. Thus, laying the groundwork for more targeted and effective knowledge-translation interventions in the future.
Comparing the effects of smartphone-based and face-to-face education on the quality of life and coping skills among patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Baharian Elahe , Abolhassani Shahla , Najimi Arash , Ashtari Fereshteh 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
The plethora of troublesome signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) reduces patients’ quality of life (QOL) and coping skills. Face-to-face (F2F) education is effective and practical as it allows for more engagement and active learning. The use of mobile health technology to enhance health is now an excellent potential to establish a more efficient health system. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a self-care program using two smartphone-based education and F2F education on the QOL and coping skills of people with MS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This research study was a clinical trial enrolling 60 patients with MS in a hospital in Iran. They were randomly assigned into two groups. The Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale 29 (MSIS-29) questionnaire and the Multiple Sclerosis Coping Questionnaire (MSCQ) scale were employed to assess the QOL and coping skills, respectively. The training sessions were provided in the form of F2F sessions and an application installed on patients’ mobile phones in the smartphone-based education group. Independent-samples t-test, paired-samples t-test, and chi-square were employed to analyze data via Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.

RESULTS:
The results indicated that both F2F and smartphone-based education groups had a significant impact on their mean scores of the QOL (P < 0.001) and coping skills (P < 0.001) pre- and post-intervention. However, there was no significant difference seen between the two educational groups of the QOL (P = 0.23) and coping skills (P = 0.06) post-intervention.

DISCUSSION:
A comparison of the two groups revealed that both educational methods had the same effect on coping skills and QOL in MS patients. Thus, it can be stated that smartphone-based education can be a good alternative to traditional patient education.
An analysis of causal relationships among the factors affecting the academic performance of students at the Alborz University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Salehi Leili , Shirazi Mandana , Safarnavadeh Maryam , Mahmoodi Zohreh 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
University graduates are leaders, great human resources, and responsible for the economic and social development of every country. The present study aimed at evaluating the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between stress and effort–reward imbalance (E.R.I) and the students’ academic performance (AP) at the Alborz University of Medical Sciences.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:
This descriptive-analytical study of the structural equation type was conducted on the 530 students studying at Alborz University of Medical Sciences during 2021–2022. The multistage sampling method was employed, as the faculties were determined in the first stage and random sampling was done in the second stage. The data were collected using the electronic questionnaires of self-efficacy, effort–reward imbalance, and academic stress, entered into SPSS software, and analyzed after checking for normality. Lisrel 8.8 software was used for structural equation modeling (SEM) and assessing the study hypotheses. P value < 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS:
The results indicated that the conceptual model had a good model fit index. Academic self-efficacy had a positive and significant causal relationship with academic performance in only one path (β = 0.25). Academic stress had a significant and negative causal relationship with academic performance from both direct (β = 0.16) and indirect (through self-efficacy) paths. Further, the agreement of the default model with reality was determined to be 0.76.

CONCLUSION:
Academic stress reduces academic performance and academic self-efficacy increases academic performance. There is no relationship between effort–reward imbalance and academic performance.
The impact of self-care training using the teach-back method on health anxiety in patients with coronary artery disease: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Barati Mansoreh , Amouzeshi Zahra , Nikraftar Fahimeh 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most prevalent heart disease and a leading cause of death among both men and women. It is worth noting that anxiety is highly prevalent among patients with CAD, and it can significantly affect their overall performance and well-being. This study aimed to determine the impact of self-care training, specifically using the teach-back method, on health anxiety in patients with CAD.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this randomized controlled clinical trial, a total of 50 patients with coronary artery disorders were selected from the coronary care unit of Rasool Hospital in Ferdows City, Iran, in 2022. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention group received self-care training based on the teach-back method, which consisted of three individual sessions lasting 30–45 minutes each, conducted over the course of one week. However, the control group received routine care. To collect data, the researchers utilized Salkovskis et al.’s (2002) health anxiety questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, and paired t-test at a significance level of P < 0.05.

RESULTS:
Most participants in the control and intervention groups were female. The mean ages of the intervention and control groups were 47.1 ± 12.83 and 48.1 ± 44.81 years, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.67). The results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in the total mean score (P = 0.000) and mean scores of subscales of health anxiety (awareness of bodily sensations or changes (P = 0.001), feared consequences of having an illness (P = 0.001), and worry about health (P = 0.008)) between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
The self-care training based on the teach-back method reduced health anxiety in patients with CAD. Therefore, it is recommended to incorporate the teach-back method as an educational approach by nursing team to effectively reduce health anxiety in patients with CAD.
Bibliometric analysis of teen pregnancy research in Asia-Africa: Explore the future scope
Authors: Nugraheny Esti , Paramashanti Bunga A , Ambarwati Eny R , Yanti Yanti , Ocktariyana Ocktariyana , Sunarsih Tri , Wiyanti Zulvi , Ashar Hadi 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Adolescent pregnancy is prevalent in Asian-African countries. Hence, it is critical to track the progress of research and development trends related to the topic. The study aimed to characterize published articles on teen pregnancy by measuring the authors’ country and affiliation, most relevant and cited journals, thematic research, and growth trends.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Descriptive statistics and retrospective bibliometric analysis were used. Using the Scopus database, we collected published articles from 2010 to 2023. Titles and abstracts were screened. Eligible papers were reviewed based on co-occurrence analysis. Classification and visualization of results were conducted using VOSviewer software version 1.6.17.

RESULTS:
A total of 369 articles were relevant and included in the review. The countries that produced the most publications were South Africa and the United States. The most relevant affiliation was with the University of Cape Town, the University of the Witwatersrand, and the University of Kwazulu-Natal. The most relevant source journals were PLOS One, Reproductive Health, and BMC Public Health. The most cited sources were Lancet, PLOS One, and AIDS Journal. Four clusters were obtained that reflect the main topics, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, child, health services, and pregnancy. The current research terms include HIV infection and maternal health services.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study suggests more research on the term “vertical transmission, breastfeeding, and partner violence” related to teen pregnancy. In addition, this research will inspire researchers and adolescent health policymakers to expand the scope of research to solve teenage pregnancy problems based on interdisciplinary theories and methods.
The strategic synergy of educational psychology and managerial practices for the efficient development of educational institutions
Authors: Khennou Khaoula , Touri Bouzekri 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
The mental health of the educational community is a crucial aspect that needs to be addressed. In this context, educational psychology is an important lever in all areas, particularly in educational management. The main aim of this study is to determine the significance between educational psychology and educational managerial aspects.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A quantitative approach, grounded in a non-experimental and correlational investigation. We focused on variables that constitute particular facets of educational management in synergy with educational psychology. The sample was based on 96 qualifying secondary school principals in the Casablanca-Settat region of Morocco. Data collection was based on school principals’ responses to a questionnaire. Data processing was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 29 software, with an overall significance of 62.5% for the correlations processed. Our study is recent and topical, as it took place in 2023.

RESULTS:
The results reveal a significant relationship between the educational psychology variable and the stress management aspect variable, with an effect size of 25.8%, as well as with the human resources management aspect, with an effect size of 23.4%, and also a large effect size of 32.1% with the adaptation to change aspect. Among other things, a significant effect size of 45.8% was noted between the educational psychology variable and the school climate aspect. Finally, the relationship between the dependent educational psychology variable and the independent continuing education variable showed a significant effect size of 25.1%.

CONCLUSIONS:
It is essential to emphasize the importance of combining managerial aspects and educational psychology to promote mental health and optimize the functioning of schools and the performance of education systems in general.
Tropical Fever: Always a Diagnostic Dilemma Presenting to a Tertiary Care Center in North India
Authors: Haq Shamsul , Bhat Sanjay , Singh Supinder 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and serological profiles of patients with tropical fever treated at a tertiary care hospital.

Methods:
This was a prospective and observational study, done from July 2023 to January 2024. Patients with documented fever (T > 100°F), nonlocalizing, and who were >18 years of age were taken. They were managed on the outpatient department basis or followed up during the hospital stay. Details were recorded, after obtaining written informed consent from the patients.

Results:
Eighty patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. The mean age of patients at the presentation was 41.7 years, ranging from 18 to 73 years. Dengue (37.5%, 30/80) was the major etiology with malaria (2.5%, 2/80) being the least, and a significant proportion – 37.5% had negative serology results. The clinical findings in patients revealed severe additive arthritis as the most common condition, observed in 70% of cases (56/80), while the least common finding was lymphadenopathy, present in 5% of cases (4/80). Other notable findings were rash (27.5%, 22/80) mostly maculopapular; onset was on the 4th day on average after fever. There was not one episode of bleeding, although a significant proportion of the population had thrombocytopenia (51.25%, 51/80). Liver function tests were deranged in 37.5% (30/80) which were defined by more than three times increase. Creatinine was largely normal with minimal elevations, average 0.9 (range: 0.5–2.4). All patients survived with no death reported during the course of the study.

Conclusions:
Significant cases have indeterminate etiology, and severe additive arthritis is a common presentation in much higher cases than previously seen. The cause remains unknown and further studies are needed to elucidate it.