bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Comparison of Intestinal Bacterial Microbiomes of Euschistus Heros and Piezodorus Guildinii Collected in Brazil and the United States
Authors: Moro Matheus Sartori , Wu Xing , Wei Wei , Mendes Lucas William , Allen Clint , Pinheiro José Baldin , Clough Steven John , Zucchi Maria Imaculada 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Herbaceous insects are one of the main biological threats to crops. One such group of insects, stink bugs, do not eat large amounts of tissue when feeding on soybean, but are extremely damaging to the quality of the seed yield as they feed directly on green developing seeds leading to poorly marketable harvests. In addition to causing physical damage to the seed during feeding, the insects can also transmit microbial pathogens, leading to even greater yield loss. Conducting surveys of the insect intestinal microbiome can help identify possible pathogens, as well as detail what healthy stink bug digestive systems have in common.Methods: We used the conserved V4 515-806 region of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the bacterial microbiome of the red-banded stink bug Piezodorus guildinii collected in Brazil and the United States, as well as the neotropical brown stink bug Euschistus heros collected in Brazil.Results: After quality filtering of the data, 192 samples were kept for analyses: 117 samples from P. guildinii covering three sites in Brazil and four sites in the US, and 75 samples for E. heros covering 10 sites in Brazil. The most interesting observations were that the diversity and abundance of some bacterial families were different in the different ecoregions of Brazil and the United States.Conclusions: Some families may be related to the better adaptation in some localities in provide nutrients, break down cellulose, detoxify phytochemicals, and degrade organic compounds, which makes it difficult to control these species.
Spinal Canal Decompression for Stage III Kummell’s Disease With “Compressing the Posterior Wall of the Vertebral Body” Guided by Intraoperative Ultrasonography - a Preliminary Clinical Study
Authors: Cao Guangqing , Zhang Jidong , Zhang Cheng , Ginsberg Howard J , Fuetsch Manuel , Zhao Jie , Gao Chunzheng , Wu Dongjin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: There is a lot of controversy regarding the treatment of patients with stage III Kummell’s disease (KD). The purpose of this study is to determine feasibility, efficacy and safety of spinal canal decompression via “compressing the posterior wall of the vertebral body”, guided by real time intraoperative ultrasonography guidance for patients with stage III KD.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 11 patients with stage III KD associated with neurological deficits who underwent surgical treatment in The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, from September 2017 to January 2019. All patients underwent spinal canal decompression using a special L-shaped compressor (angular compressor) guided by real time ultrasonography to squeeze and compress the posterior wall of vertebral body, supplemented by internal fixation and posterior fusion. The primary goal was to determine feasibility, safety and efficacy. Therefore, operating time, Intraoperative blood loss, complications and JOA score, local Cobb angle, ODI score of pre- and post-operative were evaluated.Results: 11 patients (4 males and 7 females) with an average age of 70.2±3.2 years (63-76 years) were included in the study. Mean follow-up period was 17.4 months (12-24 months). Mean operating time was 151±18 min and mean intraoperative blood loss was 202±40ml. Before and after surgery, the local Cobb angle (34.3 °±5.4 °, 11.0 °±4.6 °, respectively), JOA score (12.8±2.1, 22.1±1.9, respectively) and ODI scores (71.4±6.4, 25.5±5.2, respectively) significantly improved (P <0.05). As a complication, one patient developed CSF leakage after surgery, while in another case transient MEP signal change occurred intraoperatively without neurological deficit after surgery.Conclusion: Spinal canal decompression by tamping the retropulsed vertebral body anteriorly, guided by intraoperative ultrasonography can effectively relieve neural compression, significantly shorten operation time, reduce intraoperative blood loss, and have fewer complications for patients with stage III KD, compared with previously reported data. In our opinion, it therefore represents a low risk, minimally invasive, yet effective treatment strategy in this selected group of patients.Trial registration: This study was retrospectively registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry.Unique Identifying number: ChiCTR2000040490.
Link Availability Prediction Based on Capacity Optimization in MANET
Authors: Ran Chu , Zhang Shufang , Huai Shuaiheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network composed of multiple wireless nodes without fixed infrastructure support, which is expected to play an important role in future commerce and military, especially in marine and aerospace communications systems. In this paper, for link failure caused by node mobility in MANET, the prediction of link availability is given according to the dynamic characteristics of the link, and transmission modes and relay nodes are selected to optimize the link capacity and reduce the interference. Simulation results show that the proposed routing metric method can select stable routing paths with less interference, and reduce routing overhead caused by node movement based on link availability analysis.
One-stage Posterior Transforaminal Thoracic Debridement and Interbody Fusion with Instrumentation for Multi-segment Tuberculosis of the Thoracic Spine in Adults: A Single-center Mid-to-long-term Follow-up Study
Authors: Xu Zhenchao , Zhang Zhen , Wang Xiyang , Wu Yunqi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Multi-segment tuberculosis of the thoracic spine in adults poses a therapeutic challenge due to the complexity of infection and the need for stabilization. Experience with a mid-to-long-term follow-up for management that uses a single-stage debridement through the posterior transforaminal approach coupled with stabilization that uses fusion and instrumentation is presented here.Methods From January 2007 to October 2015, a total of 42 adult patients were diagnosed with tuberculosis of the thoracic spine that involved 3 or more levels; they underwent a single-stage procedure with posterior transforaminal debridement. The instrumentation, in addition, to interbody fusion was performed for all patients. All patients received the appropriate medical management for tuberculosis. The treatment response was recorded as an improvement on serial biochemical markers (ESR, CRP levels), pain scores, and the measurement of kyphotic angles and spine scores (ASIA, SF-36 scale).Results At a mean follow-up of 73.5 + 9.6 months, all 42 patients were eligible for final evaluation. The reduction at 3 months and a return to physiological levels of biochemical markers as well as pain scores were noted in all patients at end of treatment. VAS and SF-36 scales were significantly improved compared with preoperative values. In total, 30 patients with a preoperative neurological deficit underwent the procedure and improvement in neurology was noted in all. The mean kyphotic angle loss of 1.7±1.1° was recorded at final the follow-up and bone fusion was observed at a mean of 10.6±2.1 months with no failure of instrumentation. There were no failures of graft lysis or implant breakages noted in this study.Conclusions Our mid-to-long-term experience with the management of multilevel thoracic tuberculosis in adults demonstrated the ability to offer a single staged procedure for posterior debridement as well as fusion with instrumentation and this approach has shown promising results in this study.
COVID 19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nna Emmanuel Okechukwu , Alao Michael Abel , Ogunbosi Babatunde , Okeke Uchenna , Anyachukwu Canice 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background The unprecedented development of COVID 19 vaccine within a few months and its introduction into the population brought a sigh of relief with the promise of preventing primary infections, halting spread, reducing hospitalization of infected people, and ultimately inducing herd immunity. However, public perception in many communities leaves a lot to worry about as the so much sort-after vaccine has been met with safety concerns, scepticism and hesitancy. We seek to produce a protocol for a reliable and accurate systematic review and meta-analysis on the hesitancy of COVID 19 vaccine uptake in the mist of a global pandemic.MethodsWe developed a search strategy using MeSH terms, text words and entry terms. Nine databases will be searched: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, AJOL, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Research gate and Scopus. Only observational studies retrievable in the English Language will be included. The primary measurable outcome is the prevalence of COVID 19 vaccine hesitancy globally. The secondary outcomes are factors that influence COVID 19 vaccine hesitancy including race, age, gender, occupation, socioeconomic class, level of education, geographic location, misinformation, social media influence and vaccine safety. Identified studies will be screened, deduplicated, selected and data items extracted using DistillerSR software. All studies will be assessed for methodological, clinical and statistical heterogeneity. Assessment of risk of bias in the selected studies will be performed using the NIH Quality assessment tool for observational studies and the Cochrane tool of risk of bias. Publication bias will be assessed using the funnel plot as well as Egger’s regression intercept. The pooled prevalence, standard error and 95% CI will be reported. The strength of evidence from this analysis will be assessed by using NIH Quality Assessment for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis.DiscussionThe outcome of this analysis will give insight into the level of COVID 19 vaccine hesitancy and its correlates across geographical regions globally. It will examine if herd immunity via vaccination is attainable at the pooled rate of hesitancy. This will help Governments to redesign their public messages and sensitization. Systematic Review RegistrationThis protocol has been registered with PROSPERO, registration number CRD42021231165.
Overlap Between Genetic Variants Associated With Schizophrenia and Intelligence Quotient: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Murillo-García Nancy , Barrio-Martínez Sara , Setién-Suero Esther , Ayesa-Arriola Rosa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPeople with schizophrenia often exhibit a premorbid intelligence quotient (IQ) deficit. A genetic overlap between schizophrenia and IQ has been found, indicating shared genetic variants underlying the risk of schizophrenia and a low IQ. However, literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings about this issue. The aim of this systematic review will be to analyse and summarize the evidence that explores genetic variants associated with schizophrenia and IQ. MethodsA search will be carried out in four electronic databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus). The search strategy will include terms related to “schizophrenia”, “genetic variants” and “intelligence quotient”, which will be adapted to medical subject headings (Mesh) format, Thesaurus format and free text. The team of reviewers will record the results in a bibliographic manager software and conduct the selection process. Observational studies examining human adults with schizophrenia that explore the association between genetic variants and the IQ of the participants will be considered. The risk of bias of the primary studies will be assessed using the genetic study quality tool (Q-Genie). After data extraction, the main results will be presented in a narrative synthesis.DiscussionThe findings of this systematic review may help us understand if there is genetic overlap between schizophrenia and IQ, and to identify specific genetic factors involved. Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42020218842.
Comparison of Outcomes and Complications Among Various Surgical Treatments for Vertebral Compression Fractures: a Retrospective Study.
Authors: Yeh Kuei-Lin , Wu Szu-Hsien , Wu Shing-Sheng , Hou Sheng-Mou 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOsteoporosis with vertebral compression fractures is increasingly common in the elderly. As no studies have compared the safety and efficacy of surgical techniques for the treatment of such fractures, we retrospectively compared vertebroplasty, balloon kyphoplasty, and kyphoplasty with SpineJack or an intravertebral expandable pillar (IVEP). In this study, we retrospectively compared the safety and efficacy, including visual analog scale scores for pain, kyphotic angle, average body height, rate of cement leakage, and occurrence of adjacent vertebral compression fractures of each surgical intervention mentioned above at Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital. All patients underwent surgical treatment under Dr. Wu. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 10 years of data of 354 patients with vertebral compression fractures, randomly dividing them into five groups. All these patients were diagnosed with fresh compression fracture, defined as signal changes on T1 phase by magnetic resonance imaging examination. Their visual analog scale scores for pain, kyphotic angle, average body height, rate of cement leakage, and occurrence of adjacent vertebral compression fractures were followed up for 1 year. ANOVA, the post hoc Bonferroni test, and Fisher’s exact probability test were used for statistical analyses.ResultsAll pain scores significantly improved 12 months postoperatively; however, there was no significant difference between the groups. Kyphoplasty with SpineJack significantly reduced the kyphotic angle, restoring the vertebral body height; adjacent compression fracture rate was highest in the vertebroplasty group (p=0.020). The method with the lowest cement leakage rate remains unidentified due to the small sample size; however, kyphoplasty with SpineJack, intravertebral expandable pillar, and vesselplasty resulted in lower rates than balloon kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty.ConclusionsVertebroplasty and kyphoplasty were excellent treatments for vertebral compression fractures, with no differences in pain relief. Kyphoplasty with SpineJack entailed a lower risk of cement extravasation, resulting in greater vertebral body height restoration and kyphotic reduction than other groups. While the safest method remains unclear, Kyphoplasty with SpineJack, intravertebral expandable pillar, and vesselplasty resulted in low rates of cement leakage. Kyphoplasty with intravertebral expandable pillar resulted in the lowest adjacent compression fracture rate.
Investigation of the Néel phase of the frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnet by differentiable symmetric tensor networks
Authors: Hasik Juraj , Poilblanc Didier , Becca Federico 
Published: January 2021

The recent progress in the optimization of two-dimensional tensor
networks [H.-J. Liao, J.-G. Liu, L. Wang, and T. Xiang, Phys. Rev. X 9,
031041 (2019)] based on automatic differentiation opened the way towards
precise and fast optimization of such states and, in particular,
infinite projected entangled-pair states (iPEPS) that constitute a
generic-purpose Ansatz for lattice problems governed by local Hamiltonians.
In this work, we perform an extensive study of a paradigmatic model of
frustrated magnetism, the J_1-J_2J1−J2
Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the square lattice. By using advances in
both optimization and subsequent data analysis, through finite
correlation-length scaling, we report accurate estimations of the
magnetization curve in the N'eel phase for
J_2/J_1 \le 0.45J2/J1≤0.45.
The unrestricted iPEPS simulations reveal an
U(1)U(1)
symmetric structure, which we identify and impose on tensors, resulting
in a clean and consistent picture of antiferromagnetic order vanishing
at the phase transition with a quantum paramagnet at
J_2/J_1 \approx 0.46(1)J2/J1≈0.46(1).
The present methodology can be extended beyond this model to study
generic order-to-disorder transitions in magnetic systems.
Constraining the HBV model for robust water balance assessments in a cold climate
Authors: Erlandsen Helene Birkelund , Beldring Stein , Eisner Stephanie , Hisdal Hege , Huang Shaochun , Tallaksen Lena Merete 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Robust projections of changes in the hydrological cycle in a non-stationary climate rely on trustworthy estimates of the water balance elements. Additional drivers than precipitation and temperature, namely wind, radiation, and humidity are known to have a significant influence on processes such as evaporation, snow accumulation, and snow-melt. A gridded version of the rainfall-runoff HBV model is run at a 1 × 1 km scale for mainland Norway for the period 1980–2014, with the following alterations: (i) the implementation of a physically based evaporation scheme; (ii) a net radiation-restricted degree-day factor for snow-melt, and (iii) a diagnostic precipitation phase threshold based on temperature and humidity. The combination of improved forcing data and model alterations allowed for a regional calibration with fewer calibrated parameters. Concurrently, modeled discharge showed equally good or better validation results than previous gridded model versions constructed for the same domain; and discharge trend patterns, snow water equivalent, and potential evaporation compared fairly to observations. Compared with previous studies, lower precipitation and evaporation values for mainland Norway were found. The results suggest that a more robust and more physically based model for climate change studies has been obtained, although additional studies will be needed to further constrain evaporation estimates.
Public health without water? Emergency water supply and minimum supply standards of hospitals in high-income countries using the example of Germany and Austria
Authors: Bross L. , Bäumer J. , Voggenreiter I. , Wienand I. , Fekete A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe drinking water supply is a core element of national regulations for normal and emergency supply as well as coping with crisis events. Particularly with regard to the interdependence of critical infrastructures means that water supply failures can have far-reaching consequences and endanger the safety of a society, e.g., by impairing hospital operations. In case of an emergency in the drinking water infrastructure, minimum supply standards, e.g., for patients in hospitals, become important for emergency management during crisis situations. However, wider recognition of this issue is still lacking, particularly in countries facing comparably minor water supply disruptions. Several international agencies provide guideline values for minimum water supply standards for hospitals in case of a disaster. Acknowledging these minimum standards were developed for humanitarian assistance or civil protection, it remains to be analyzed whether these standards apply to disaster management in countries with high water and healthcare supply standards. Based on a literature review of scientific publications and humanitarian guidelines, as well as policies from selected countries, current processes, contents, and shortcomings of emergency water supply planning are assessed. To close the identified gaps, this paper indicates potential improvements for emergency water supply planning in general as well as for supply of hospitals and identifies future fields of research.
Adsorption and (induced) desorption of Cd(II) from the corrosion scales of water distribution pipes, following a deliberate contamination event
Authors: Somer Shimon , Fridman-Bishop Noga , Nativ Paz , Ostfeld Avi , Lahav Ori 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Intrusion of toxic heavy-metal cations into water-distribution systems (WDS) may cause severe adverse health-effects on large populations, along with an undesirable psychological impact. The corrosion (scale) layer, that invariably develops on the pipes’ inner walls, is capable of adsorbing a significant mass of metal-cations and releasing them thereafter via diffusion to the water once operation is resumed, thereby causing a secondary contamination event. To overcome this, the contaminant should be completely removed, in a controlled fashion, from both the aqueous and scale phases, with minimum damage to the pipe's physical stature. This study determined the range of the Cd(II) adsorption capacity of corrosion-scales and quantified alternative treatments for desorbing it, using an assortment of metal water-pipes, extracted from the WDS. Batch, water-recirculation and flow-through experiments were conducted to determine the extent of Cd(II) adsorption and the best way to desorb it. Corrosion-scales showed substantial Cd(II)-absorption capacity (up to 0.75 mg Cd(II)/g scale) with an approximately linear relation between the aqueous Cd(II) concentration and the adsorbed mass. Desorption experiments included dosages of various acids. Sequential rinsing (eight pipe-volumes) by pH3 solution was found to be the best approach, releasing close to ∼100% of the adsorbed Cd(II), with only a minor effect on the pipes’ integrity.
ASPECTOS ENERGÉTICOS E ELETRÔNICOS DA ZEÓLITA H-ZSM-5 NA AÇÃO CATALÍTICA DA REAÇÃO DE DESIDRATAÇÃO DE ÁLCOOIS
Authors: Sousa Gustavo Gomes de , Politi José Roberto dos Santos 
Published: January 2021

Due to the growth of ecological concerns and the need to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, the dehydration of alcohols by acid catalysis has been used for the production of various hydrocarbons. Inside this theme, the H-ZSM-5 zeolite has been widely used as a catalyst for this reaction because its high efficiency. Thus, in order to understand the catalyzed reaction mechanism of the alcohol dehydration reaction, this work used the computational methodology ONIOM to study the catalytic behavior of the H-ZSM-5. It was modeled the dehydration reaction process for several alcohols (ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol and 2-butanol) by modeling these alcohols within the zeolite cavity. The study was divided into 3 stages: the adsorption and protonation of alcohols by zeolite, the description of the hydroxyl outlet, and the formation of the double bond. The analysis of the results indicates that the first stage of the reaction occurs with the contact of alcohol with the zeolite cavity, where acid hydrogen promotes the protonation of alcohols, occurring differently for each alcohol. The dehydration process occurs, preferably, via E2 type elimination mechanisms. However, the profile of the energy curves indicates that for larger alcohols, the mechanism is intermediate between the elimination mechanisms E2 with some features of E1 (E2[E1]). Therefore, the zeolite converts alcohols to hydrocarbons in a specific way. Primary, lower-chain alcohols follow E2 mechanism, while secondary and longer-chain alcohols react by a slightly different mechanism, namely E2[E1].