bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of bacterial communities associated with laboratory cultures of Amphidinium carterae by metabarcoding
Authors: Gillespie Kathleen , Bachvaroff Tsvetan , Jagus Rosemary 
Published: June 2021

In the ocean, dinoflagellates are associated with a microbial community that provides some of their essential nutrients. In the laboratory, most dinoflagellates are cultured in seawater supplemented with nutrients, although little effort has been made to maintain them axenically. This can complicate the study of their physiological processes such as protein synthesis and its modulation. In bacterized cultures of Amphidinium carterae Hulbert, up to 80 % of protein synthetic activity appears to be bacterial based on their responses to inhibitors of protein synthesis. The bacterial community associated with a nonaxenic culture of A. carterae was examined by combining mass‐amplification of short DNA sequences encoding 16S rRNA (barcodes) with high‐throughput sequencing. The Illumina MiSeq high‐throughput sequencing platform was used to sequence 600–1500 bp16S amplicons of the microbial community using universal primers for 16 rRNA genes. The dominant 16S sequences at the phylum level were assigned to Alphaproteobacteria, Rhodobacteraceae, Hyphomonadaceae and Gammaproteobacteria. Axenic cultures, maintained in antibiotic mixtures of kanamycin (50 μg/mL), carbenicillin (100 μg/mL), and streptomycin sulfate (50 μg/mL) (KCS) grew as well as the nonaxenic and to slightly higher cell densities. They showed little evidence of bacterial protein synthesis based on responses to inhibitors of protein synthesis and a dramatically lower bacterial presence. However, over time in culture Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Actinobacteria gradually emerged, probably reflecting less than adequate sterile technique and less than optimal antibiotics.Support or Funding InformationNOAA‐EPPLMRCSCNASF research awardThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Assessing Environmental Microbiomes During the Recycling of Produced Water using MALDI‐TOF‐MS
Authors: Reyes Michelle , Martin Misty , Santos Ines , Hildenbrand Zacariah , Schug Kevin 
Published: June 2021

Hydraulic fracturing is the process of injecting large amounts of water under high pressure into a bedrock formation to increase oil and/or gas flow. To reduce use of freshwater resources, new techniques for the treatment of produced oilfield wastewater have been explored. One important concern is removing bacteria particularly sulfate‐reducing and iron‐oxidizing bacteria as these can contribute to costly degradation of product quality and biocorrosion of metal infrastructure. Therefore, identification and quantification of bacteria present after remediation is important to determine efficiency of the treatment and quality of the water. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) is a more efficient method of identifying microbes as opposed to other conventional identification methods, which have proven to be more time consuming and costly. In this work, MALDI‐TOF MS was used to identify microorganisms and assess the changes in microbiome diversity present in produced water (PW) before, during, and after treatment through various disinfection techniques. The raw PWs displayed unique microbial profiles that fluctuated throughout treatment with the five different modalities. Most of the microorganisms identified are commonly found in the environment such as Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, and Bacillus. UV treatment was the most effective disinfection modality (28.5% decrease in total CFUs/mL).Support or Funding InformationChallenger Water SolutionsCollaborative Laboratories for Environmental Analysis and RemediationInform EnvironmentalShimadzuThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
New Finding in Oxidative Phosphorylation: Isothermal Utilization of Latent Heat Energy by Electrostatically Localized Protons at Liquid‐Membrane Interface
Authors: Lee James Weifu 
Published: June 2021

Upon application of a newly formulated equation for the proton motive force (pmf) across a biological membrane which takes electrostatically localized protons into account in elucidating the bioenergetics of oxidative phosphorylation in alkalophilic bacteria, it was shown that the localized protons at the liquid‐membrane interface dominate the total pmf. The decreasing trend of the pmf with higher pH values is due to the increasing exchange of cations with the localized protons and this trend matches excellently with the observed rapid increase in the bacteria population growth cell doubling times. It was revealed that the pmf from the isothermal latent heat utilization through the electrostatically localized protons is not constrained by the overall energetics of the redox‐driven proton pump system because (i) the localized protons are not free to move away from the membrane surface, (ii) the proton pumps embedded in the cell membrane extend beyond the localized proton layer, and (iii) the protonic inlet mouth of the ATP synthase that accepts protons is located within this layer. Remarkably, this new understanding agrees excellently with the true structures of mitochondrial respiratory protein complexes. It therefore appears that the oxidative phosphorylation system is able to isothermally utilize the latent heat energy effectively through electrostatically localized protons to help driving the synthesis of ATP.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Energetic and Gluconeogenic Response in Intermittent Fasting (IF)
Authors: Cervantes Silvia Cristina , Gasca Deysi , Muñoz Mauricio Díaz 
Published: June 2021

Physiology evolved during fluctuations in energy supply and demand. Coping with these changes has entrained the organisms to manage energy metabolism for optimal substrate storage and use during feeding or fasting, and periods of either rest or energy demand. During fasting, the liver is responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels by regulating metabolic pathways, such gluconeogenesis (GNG). GNG aims to form glucose de novo, its regulation occurs due to the activity of two limiting enzymes: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pase), and it is highly regulated (Petersen et al., 2017).The ability to efficiently adapt metabolism depending on demand or supply is known as metabolic flexibility (Smith, Soeters, Wüst, & Houtkooper, 2018). Intermittent fasting (IF) is a dietary protocol that consists of periods without access to food, alternating with periods with free access to food (ad libitum) (Chausse et al., 2015). The chronic regimen of the IF carries different responses to those observed in an acute fasting or continuous restriction (Secor and Carey, 2016).We evaluate the adaptation and metabolic flexibility that happened in IF to maintain homeostasis. Chronicity in IF elicit physiological and metabolic changes, such as the increase in the size of the liver after feeding to cope with total energy restriction, and increase in gluconeogenic enzymatic activity to keep normal values of glucose. Experiments of indirect calorimetry show that the values of RQ in IF on feeding conditions are restored to the first AL of the treatment until the 4th cycle of IF, which are equivalents to their pairs in the AL group.Support or Funding InformationFunded by Project Conacyt 284–557This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Differential Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor and Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor‐1‐Alpha in Aged Rat Livers
Authors: Etteh Chinedu Casmir , Mee Christopher J 
Published: June 2021

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (cMET) and the transcription factor, hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐ alpha (HIF1‐α) are highly important in angiogenesis, mitogenesis and cell proliferation which are all vital processes required for mammalian liver regeneration. In as much as aging is characterised with general decline in maintenance and function of certain body organs, this is not exactly the same with the liver in regeneration. Aging could result to reduction in the response of the liver to certain extrinsic stimuli such as initiation of stress proteins as a result of injury. To study the effects of age on the expression of these molecules, EGFR, cMET and HIF1‐α gene expression in aged rat liver samples (18months old) vs. young animals (3 months old) was studied through semi and relative quantitative quantification of gene specific mRNA coding for these genes. β‐Actin was used as a reference/housekeeping gene for normalisation of the EGFR, cMET and HIF1‐α genes, the Livak method was used to quantify the relative expression of these genes in relation to the ages of the animals. The results show high mRNA expression of EGFR and cMET in 3 months old samples (young). Analysis of EGFR showed an mRNA fold decrease of 0.56 gene expression and 2.3 for cMET gene express in the 18 months liver. HIF1‐α analysis showed a 5.16 increase in the mRNA gene expression in the 18 month old when compared with the 3 months old. Data from this study show that decrease in expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in the liver with age accelerates decrease in regeneration rate. The fact that EGFR and cMET were expressed at significantly lower levels in older samples reflects the differential decrease in regeneration ability and physiologic activities such proliferation, mitogenesis and angiogenesis in the liver with age. This result in reduction in the ability of the liver to regenerate, thus making the aged liver more susceptible to infections.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Investigation of Biochemical Effects of Nano‐Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) on Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Plants
Authors: Yurekli Fusun , Kilicaslan Sibel 
Published: June 2021

Agricultural biotechnology is very closely related to the properties and potential uses of nanomaterials. Although silicon is not recognized as an important nutrient for plant growth and development, it has beneficial effects on plant growth and yield and on resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Recent advances in nanotechnology surprisingly increase the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in agriculture; it is therefore interesting to understand the role of SiO2NP. Silicium plays an important role as a physico‐mechanical barrier and is deposited in many plants in the walls of the epidermis, in stem, leaf and vascular tissues, especially in monocots, and also regulates physiological activities in plants. There are also many studies on the regulatory effect of the silicon element on plant growth and development under stress conditions. However, the mechanisms of interaction at the molecular level between the nanoparticles and biological systems are largely unknown. Sunflower seeds were sterilized by washing in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 5 minutes and then in sterile di‐H2O for 4–5 minutes. Then, on the 1st, 4th and 8th days, samples were taken from root and leaf tissues and frozen in liquid nitrogen after freezing in freezer (−40 ° C). enzyme activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, pigment analysis, percentage of germination, relative water content were investigated. In our study, it was determined that 50 nm particle size nanosilicon were more effective at 50 mg / mL concentration. In particular, SOD and APX enzyme activities were found to be highest on the 8th day of nanosilica administration compared to the control group, while CAT enzyme activity was determined in the administration of 100 mg particle size nanosilica 20 mg / mL. MDA levels were decreased on the 8th day compared to the control group. Nanosilica particles help to increase the activity of enzymes that have important roles in combating biotic and abiotic stress conditions and a decrease in MDA levels indicates that nanosilica particles can be taken into account in the cultivation of agriculturally important plants such as sunflower.Support or Funding InformationThis research was funded by Inonu University, Department of Scientific Research Projects Project No: FYL‐2017‐651This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Assessment of bio‐protective potentials of mistletoe leaves extract against biochemical imbalances induced by Combined Oral Contraceptives in rats
Authors: Adebisi Adedayo Adebisi , Sowunmi Tolulope , Ogunlabi Olugbenga Owolabi , Adegbesan Bukunola Oluyemisi 
Published: June 2021

Combination birth control pills (Combined Oral Contraceptives ‐ COC) containing female hormones are widely used prescription medications amongst women with up to 70 million users worldwide. This study investigates the effect of prolonged administration of Combined Oral Contraceptives on some biochemical parameters in female wistar rats and the possible bio‐protective potentials of mistletoe leave extract. 30 female wistar rats were divided into three groups of 10 animals each. The groups ‐ control, group E1 and group E2, received daily oral doses of placebo, Nordette® (a COC containing Ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel) at 0.03mg/kg body weight and Nordette® + mistletoe leave extract at 600mg/kg body weight respectively for 21 days. Assessment of serum lipid profile, glucose level, ion element homeostasis and total antioxidant status (TAS) of animals were conducted. Our results show that the COC significantly impaired serum lipid profile (p<0.05) (increased total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and triacylglycerols, and decreased HDL cholesterol), it increased serum glucose level, it increased TAS and it altered serum ion (Na+, Cl−, K+,Ca2+) levels compared to control animals. There was also a significant (P<0.05) increase in the body and uterus weight of the COC treated rats compared to the control. Co‐treatment of COC with mistletoe leaf extract however protected against these changes. The observed biochemical imbalances in the COC treated rats are common indicators of many health disorders; therefore our result suggests the bio‐protective potentials of mistletoe leaf extract against these physiological insults.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The influence of neonatal intake of curcumin on expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and inflammatory cytokines: Implication on obesity
Authors: Mukwevho Emmanuel , Matumba Mashudu Given 
Published: June 2021

The high prevalence of obesity is a serious global threat to the public's health and at least 41 million children younger than five years are overweight or obese, most of whom live in low‐income and middle‐income countries. Furthermore, obesity is a major risk factor for the development of type‐2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, disability, hypertension and stroke. This current study investigated the effect of curcumin on expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism (AMPK, ACC‐1, CPT‐1, SREBP‐1, and PGC‐1) since they are known to be impaired in obesity situations. The study also investigated the effect of curcumin on inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, and IL‐6). This was motivated by the report indicating that obesity is associated with chronic inflammation, given evidence by the increased levels of cytokines in adipose and liver tissues. Curcumin is one the hundreds of components isolated from ancient spice turmeric and it is being studied intensively today for its potential therapeutic activity in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases Therefore to achieve our aim, Sprague Dawley rats were fed with high fructose diet to induce obesity model, and the rats that developed metabolic syndrome were considered as diseased, they were then treated curcumin. Analysis of gene expression was done in liver tissues using Real‐Time PCR technique. Results clearly indicated that curcumin significantly improved all the genes associated with lipid metabolism in rats that were treated with curcumin. Furthermore, results showed significant increase on all inflammatory cytokine gene expression of rats that were induced with metabolic syndrome. These results demonstrate that curcumin produce good effects in ameliorating neonatal metabolic syndrome since it was able to downregulate all the inflammatory gene expression and improved genes associated with lipid metabolism. In conclusion, these study confirms that curcumin plays a key role on lipid metabolism and inflammatory cytokine regulation and it can be used as an effective therapeutic agent to ameliorate neonatal metabolic syndrome.Support or Funding InformationFunding is from National Research Foundation (NRF) and North‐West University.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Hexokinase activity were decreased in erythrocytes and increased in blood serum at the DM
Authors: Shamansurova Zulaykho , Saatov Talat , Akhmedova Mukhabbat 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDiabetes Mellitus (DM) are combination of metabolic abnormalities due to chronic hyperglycemia state, which is reflects from cells to whole body. Hexokinase as a ubiquitous enzyme important in catch and clamp glucose from outer space inside of cells. Regulation of hexokinase activity would help to restore the glycemic control at the DM.With aim of determining hexokinase activity in erythrocytes and in blood serum 42 patients with type 2 DM were observed. Hexokinase activity calculated by colorimetric enzyme‐substrate reaction. In addition the fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, plasma sialic acids level and Erythrocytes sialidase activity were measured in this patients.Results shown that hexokinase activity were decreased in erythrocytes (78%, P<0.05) and increased in blood serum (115%, P<0.01), where the strong linkage between decreasing of erythrocytes hexokinase activity and increasing in the blood serum with fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c level were detected. Erythrocytes sialidase activity were increased (134%, P<0.01) and blood plasma sialic acid level were increased (154%, P<0.01) in patients with DM and indicated the degree of the structural and functional abnormalities on the cell surface. The strong linkage between erythrocytes sialidase activity and blood plasma sialic acids level were detected with blood plasma glucose and HbA1c level.ConclusionThe hexokinase activity were decreased in erythrocytes and increased in blood serum in patients with DM in depended with blood glucose and HbA1c and can be used as a marker of the cell membranes structural and functional abnormalities.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Pre‐Transplant Medical Arterial Calcification and Post‐Transplant Hypertension
Authors: Tantisattamo Ekamol , Vutthikraivit Possawat , Dejhansathit Siroj 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundMedial arterial calcification (MAC) is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Breast arterial calcification detected by mammogram (MMG) is exclusively medial and can lead to arterial stiffness. The association between pre‐transplant MAC and hypertension (HTN) after kidney transplantation (KTx) is unknown.MethodMMG performed closest to the date of KTx were examined for presence or absence of MAC. The association between MAC and systolic hypertension (SHTN) defined by systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥130 mmHg within the first 48 weeks after KTx is examined as time‐to‐event by Cox proportional hazard analysis.ResultsOf all 51 kidney transplant recipients from a single kidney transplant center followed up 48 weeks after KTx, mean±SD age was 57.08±10.47 years. Ninty‐six percent of patients had pre‐transplant HTN and 41% had diabetes. Mean BP was 143.57±25.77 / 76.61±13.75 mmHg. Mean±SEM pre‐transplant SBP in patient without pre‐KTx MAC was lower than those with pre‐transplant MAC (140.74±4.65 VS. 147.95±5.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) −22.07, 7.65; p 0.3344). Compared to the patients without MAC, MAC patients had 31% greater risk of having SHTN within 48 weeks post‐KTx (HR 1.31, 95%CI 0.73, 2.37, p 0.367; Figure 1). After adjusted for age, cause of ESRD, type of KTx, type of induction immunosuppressive medications, presence or absence of pre‐KTx HTN, diabetes, BMI, DBP, and corrected calcium, the association was reversed but still not statistically significance (HR 0.72, 95%CI 0.34, 1.50, p 0.374).ConclusionAlthough MAC is associated with arterial stiffness in non‐transplant patients, no association between presence of pre‐transplant MAC and SHTN may indicate change in vascular stiffness. Successful KTx may modify factors effecting vascular milieu associated with MAC.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.