bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel cricothyrotomy assessment tool for attending physicians: A multicenter study of an error avoidance checklist
Authors: Hock Sara M. , Martin Jerome J. , Stanfield Stephen C. , Alcorn Thomas R. , Binstadt Emily S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study used existing literature and expert feedback to develop and pilot a novel error‐avoidance checklist tool for cricothyrotomy in attending physicians. Prior literature has not focused on expert cricothyrotomy performance. While published checklists teach a specific procedural method, ideal for novice learners, this may hinder expert learners.ObjectivesWe endeavored to create a succinct error‐avoidance checklist for cricothyrotomy. We hypothesized that such a checklist would prove feasible and acceptable to attending physicians.MethodsThis is a multicenter prospective checklist creation, evaluation, and feasibility study. Multiple experts pursued an iterative process to reach consensus on a 7‐item error‐avoidance checklist. The checklist was trialed for feasibility in pilot sessions at two sites by 45 attending emergency physicians who used the checklist for peer performance assessment and provided feedback.ResultsDuring the pilot implementation, 94% of respondents completed the procedure within the allotted 120 s. Greater than 85% of respondents agreed that four of the five procedural errors on the checklist were very or somewhat critical to avoid, including cutting >2 cm from midline, creating a false passage, failing to continuously maintain an object in the trachea, and injuring oneself during the procedure. Only 66% of participants felt severing the cricoid cartilage was critical. Successful breath administration and time under 120 s were critical for 100% and 95% of participants, respectively. The checklist was rated “easy” or “very easy” to use by 93% of participants, and 95% found this checklist reasonable for evaluating attending physicians.ConclusionsWe present the multicenter development and implementation of a novel error‐avoidance checklist tool for use in expert cricothyrotomy performance. Attending emergency medicine (EM) physicians rated our tool easy to use and agreed that most of the proposed errors were critical. Participants overwhelmingly agreed this tool would be reasonable for evaluation of cricothyrotomy performance among attending EM physicians.
Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA)‐Guided Peptide Engineering of an Aptamer Sensor for Protease‐Triggered Molecular Imaging
Authors: Xiang Zhichu , Zhao Jian , Yi Deyu , Di Zhenghan , Li Lele 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProtease‐triggered control of functional DNA has remained unachieved, leaving a significant gap in activatable DNA biotechnology. Herein, we report the design of a protease‐activatable aptamer system that can perform molecular sensing and imaging in a tumor‐specific manner. The system is constructed by locking the structure‐switching activity of an aptamer using a rationally designed PNA–peptide–PNA triblock copolymer. Highly selective protease‐mediated cleavage of the peptide substrate results in reduced binding affinity of PNA to the aptamer module, with the subsequent recovery of its biosensing function. We demonstrated that the DNA/peptide/PNA hybrid system allows for tumor cell‐selective ATP imaging in vitro and also produces a fluorescent signal in vivo with improved tumor specificity. This work illustrates the potential of bridging the gap between functional DNA and peptides for precise biomedical applications.
Controlling Photoluminescence and Photocatalysis Activities in Lead‐Free Cs2PtxSn1−xCl6 Perovskites via Ion Substitution
Authors: Yin Hang , Chen Junsheng , Guan Peng , Zheng Daoyuan , Kong Qingkun , Yang Songqiu , Zhou Panwang , Yang Bin , Pullerits Tönu , Han Keli 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLead‐free halide perovskites have triggered interest in the field of optoelectronics and photocatalysis because of their low toxicity, and tunable optical and charge‐carrier properties. From an application point of view, it is desirable to develop stable multifunctional lead‐free halide perovskites. We have developed a series of Cs2PtxSn1−xCl6 perovskites (0≤x≤1) with high stability, which show switchable photoluminescence and photocatalytic functions by varying the amount of Pt4+ substitution. A Cs2PtxSn1−xCl6 solid solution with a dominant proportion of Pt4+ shows broadband photoluminescence with a lifetime on the microsecond timescale. A Cs2PtxSn1−xCl6 solid solution with a small amount of Pt4+ substitution exhibits photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. An optical spectroscopy study reveals that the switch between photoluminescence and photocatalysis functions is controlled by sub‐band gap states. Our finding provides a new way to develop lead‐free multifunctional halide perovskites with high stability.
Direct Amidation of Esters by Ball Milling**
Authors: Nicholson William I. , Barreteau Fabien , Leitch Jamie A. , Payne Riley , Priestley Ian , Godineau Edouard , Battilocchio Claudio , Browne Duncan L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe direct mechanochemical amidation of esters by ball milling is described. The operationally simple procedure requires an ester, an amine, and substoichiometric KOtBu and was used to prepare a large and diverse library of 78 amide structures with modest to excellent efficiency. Heteroaromatic and heterocyclic components are specifically shown to be amenable to this mechanochemical protocol. This direct synthesis platform has been applied to the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and agrochemicals as well as the gram‐scale synthesis of an active pharmaceutical, all in the absence of a reaction solvent.
A Metal–Organic Framework derived CuxOyCz Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction and Impact of Local pH Change
Authors: Sikdar Nivedita , Junqueira João R. C. , Dieckhöfer Stefan , Quast Thomas , Braun Michael , Song Yanfang , Aiyappa Harshitha B. , Seisel Sabine , Weidner Jonas , Öhl Denis , Andronescu Corina , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDeveloping highly efficient and selective electrocatalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction to produce value‐added chemicals has been intensively pursued. We report a series of CuxOyCz nanostructured electrocatalysts derived from a Cu‐based MOF as porous self‐sacrificial template. Blending catalysts with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) suppressed the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction. 25 to 50 wt % teflonized GDEs exhibited a Faradaic efficiency of ≈54 % for C2+ products at −80 mA cm−2. The local OH− ions activity of PTFE‐modified GDEs was assessed by means of closely positioning a Pt‐nanoelectrode. A substantial increase in the OH−/H2O activity ratio due to the locally generated OH− ions at increasing current densities was determined irrespective of the PTFE amount.
Ragone Plots for Electrochemical Double‐Layer Capacitors
Authors: Vicentini Rafael , Aguiar João Pedro , Beraldo Renato , Venâncio Raissa , Rufino Fernando , Da Silva Leonardo M. , Zanin Hudson 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of advanced energy storage division of Center for Innovation on New Energies (CINE). The Front Cover illustrates how to correctly determine the Ragone plot of electrochemical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs). A rational and standard guide is presented to obtain reliable plots, which contribute to represent the true advances in the study of energy storage devices. Read the full text of the Concept at 10.1002/batt.202100093.
Highly Active Ni Nanoparticles on N‐doped Mesoporous Carbon with Tunable Selectivity for the One‐Pot Transfer Hydroalkylation of Nitroarenes with EtOH in the Absence of H2
Authors: Tao Yuewen , Nie Yunqing , Hu Haitao , Wang Ke , Chen Yi , Nie Renfeng , Wang Jianshe , Lu Tianliang , Zhang Yongsheng , Xu Chunbao Charles 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCost‐effective and environmentally friendly conversion of nitroarenes into value‐added products is desirable but still challenging. In this work, highly dispersed Ni nanoparticles (NPs) supported on N‐doped mesoporous carbon (Ni/NC‐x) were synthesized via novel ion exchange‐pyrolysis strategy. Their catalytic performance was investigated for one‐pot transfer hydroalkylation of nitrobenzene (NB) with EtOH in absence of H2. Interestingly, the catalytic performance could be easily manipulated by tuning the morphology and electronic state of Ni NPs via varying the pyrolysis temperature. It was found that the Ni/NC‐650 achieved 100 % nitrobenzene conversion and approx. 90 % selectivity of N,N‐diethyl aniline at 240 °C for 5 h, more active than those of homogeneous catalysts or supported Ni catalysts prepared by impregnation (Ni/NC‐650‐IM, Ni/SiO2). This can be ascribed to the higher dispersion and better reducibility as well as richer surface basicity of the catalyst. More interestingly, the Ni/NC‐650 catalyst achieved complete conversion of various nitroarenes, yielding imines, secondary amines, or tertiary amines selectively by simply controlling the reaction temperature at 180, 200 and 240 °C, respectively. The one‐pot hydrogen‐free process with non‐noble metal catalysts, as demonstrated in this work, shows great promise for selective conversion of nitroarenes with ethanol to various anilines at industrial scale, from an economic, environmental, and safety viewpoint.
Octapalladium Strings Trap C60 and C70 Fullerenes Affording Metal‐Chain‐Wired Bucky Balls
Authors: Tanase Tomoaki , Nakamae Kanako , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Nakajima Takayuki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReactions of Pd8 strings supported by meso‐Ph2PCH2P(Ph)CH2P(Ph)CH2PPh2 (meso‐dpmppm) ligands, [Pd8(meso‐dpmppm)4(L)2]4+ (L=CH3CN (1), XylNC (2)) with C60 resulted in the exclusive formation of unprecedented metal‐chain‐wired C60 bucky balls, [{Pd4(meso‐dpmppm)2(L)}2(C60)]4+ (L=CH3CN (11), XylNC (12)), in which a C60 fullerene is trapped in the central Pd–Pd junction, as unambiguously established by spectroscopic, X‐ray crystallographic, and theoretical techniques. The similar reaction of Pd8 strings supported by rac‐dpmppm, [Pd8(rac‐dpmppm)4(CH3CN)2]4+ (3) also afforded a racemic mixture of [{Pd4((R*,R*)‐dpmppm)2(CH3CN)}2(C60)]4+ (13) without scrambling the Pd4 fragments with (R,R)‐ and (S,S)‐dpmppm ligands. Consequently, those of enantiopure chiral Pd8 strings, [Pd8((R*,R*)‐dpmppm)4(CH3CN)2]4+, certainly afforded chiral bucky balls of [{Pd4((R*,R*)‐dpmppm)2(CH3CN)}2(C60)]4+ (13RR and 13SS), that exhibit mirror‐image circular dichroism spectra. The reactions of 1 and 2 were also applied for trapping a C70 fullerene to give 2 : 1 adducts of [{Pd4(meso‐dpmppm)2(L)}2(C70)]4+ (L=CH3CN (21), XylNC (22)). These results provide useful information for creating a platform to develop dimensionally and chirality controlled metal–carbon nanocomposite materials.
Breathing Effect via Solvent Inclusions on the Linker Rotational Dynamics of Functionalized MIL‐53
Authors: Tang Jing , Chu Yueying , Li Shenhui , Xu Jun , Xiong Wenpeng , Wang Qiang , Deng Feng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe breathing effects of functionalized MIL‐53‐X (X=H, CH3, NH2, OH, and NO2) induced by the inclusions of water, methanol, acetone, and N,N‐dimethylformamide solvents were comprehensively investigated by solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. 2D homo‐nuclear correlation NMR provided direct experimental evidence for the host‐guest interaction between the guest solvents and the MOF frameworks. The variations of the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts in functionalized MIL‐53 from the narrow pore phase transitions to large pore forms due to solvent inclusions were clearly identified. The influence of functionalized linkers and their host‐guest interactions with the confined solvents on the rotational dynamics of the linkers was examined by separated‐local‐field MAS NMR experiments in conjunction with DFT theoretical calculations. It is found that the linker rotational dynamics of functionalized MIL‐53 in narrow pore form is closely related to the computational rotational energy barrier. The BDC‐NO2 linker of activated MIL‐53‐NO2 undergoes relatively faster rotation, whereas the BDC‐NH2 and BDC‐OH linkers of activated MIL‐53‐NH2 and MIL‐53‐OH exhibit relatively slower rotation. The host‐guest interactions between confined solvents and MIL‐53‐NO2, MIL‐53‐CH3 would significantly induce an increase of the order parameters of unsubstituted carbon and reduce the rotational frequency of linkers. This study provides a spectroscopic approach for the investigation of linker rotation in functionalized MOFs at natural abundance with solvents inclusions.
Three‐class brain tumor classification from magnetic resonance images using separable convolution based neural network
Authors: Isunuri Bala Venkateswarlu , Kakarla Jagadeesh 
Published: August 2021

SummaryBrain cancer is one of the deadliest hazards in the world and hence tumor classification became a dominant task in brain tumor diagnosis. There is a wide range of brain tumors, and each tumor exhibits distinct properties like location, shape, size, and texture. Thus, multi‐class brain magnetic resonance (MR) image classification became a trivial task. In this article, we have proposed a seven‐layer convolutional neural network to address three‐class brain MR image classification. We have employed separable convolution to optimize computation time. The proposed separable convolution based neural network model exhibits accuracy of 97.52% on a publicly available dataset consists of 3064 images. The proposed model has analyzed with the help of four key parameters. Our proposed model exhibits superior performance than existing methods in key parameters. Further, our model takes less training time due to sparse network consists of seven layers.
X‐Ray White Beam Interferences on Thin Crystals
Authors: Heckert Mirko , Enghardt Stefan , Bauch Jürgen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResults of white beam X‐ray interference measurements on almost perfect semiconductor wafers are presented. A specific measurement geometry allows for the investigation of diffraction effects on thin wafers down to at least 375 µm with a simple experimental setup (standard lab CT with microfocus X‐ray tube). Furthermore, the dynamic diffraction effect of double refraction has been studied in detail for thicker samples. This might lead to a new wafer testing method as the observed dynamic effects are very sensible on crystal quality.
OMIP 078: A 31‐parameter panel for comprehensive immunophenotyping of multiple immune cells in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Nogimori Takuto , Sugawara Yuko , Higashiguchi Masaya , Murakami Hirotomo , Akita Hirofumi , Takahama Shokichi , Tanaka Satoshi , Yamamoto Takuya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis 31‐parameter panel was developed for simultaneously measuring multiple immune cell populations including T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, and hematopoietic progenitor cells in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This panel enables the capture of individual immune dynamics and assessments of single‐cell changes in the immune system that are associated with aging and diseases. This panel includes markers to separate the differentiation status of each cell population and might be applicable to studies of infectious and autoimmune diseases, as patient samples are usually limited in volume and require an analysis system that provides a relatively large amount of information.
Plant invasion alters latitudinal pattern of plant‐defense syndromes
Authors: Liu Mu , Pan Yuanfei , Pan Xiaoyun , Sosa Alejandro , Blumenthal Dana M. , Van Kleunen Mark , Li Bo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe relationship between herbivory and latitude may differ between native and introduced populations of invasive plants, which can generate latitudinal heterogeneity in the strength of enemy release. However, still little is known about how latitudinal heterogeneity in herbivore pressure influences latitudinal variation in defense phenotypes of invasive plants. We tested how latitudinal patterns in multi‐variate defense syndromes differed between native (Argentinian) and introduced (Chinese) populations of the invasive herb Alternanthera philoxeroides. In addition, to better understand the drivers underlying latitudinal patterns, we also tested whether associations of defense syndromes with climate and herbivory differed between native and introduced ranges. We found that native plant populations clustered into three main defense syndromes associated with latitude. In contrast, we only found two defense syndromes in the introduced range. One matched the high‐latitude syndrome from the native range, but was distributed at both the northern and southern range limits in the introduced range. The other was unique to the introduced range and occurred at mid‐latitudes. Climatic conditions were associated with variation in syndromes in the native range, and climatic conditions and herbivory were associated with variation in syndromes in the introduced range. Together, our results demonstrate that plants may under the new environmental conditions in the introduced range show latitudinal patterns of defense syndromes that are different from those in their native range. This emphasizes that geographical dependence of population differentiation should be explicitly considered in studies on the evolution of defense in invasive plants.
Prospective association of serum adipocyte fatty acid‐binding protein with heart failure hospitalization in diabetes
Authors: Lee Chi Ho , Kan Andy Ka Chun , Lui David Tak Wai , Fong Carol Ho Yi , Chan Darren Shing Hei , Yuen Michele Mae Ann , Chow Wing Sun , Woo Yu Cho , Xu Aimin , Lam Karen Siu Ling 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsAdipocyte fatty acid‐binding protein (AFABP) is associated with cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes. Whether circulating AFABP levels are associated with the risk of heart failure (HF) in type 2 diabetes remains undefined. We investigated the prospective association of circulating AFABP levels with incident HF hospitalization in type 2 diabetes, and its relationship to the use of sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) which reduce HF risk.Methods and resultsBaseline serum AFABP level was measured in 3322 Chinese participants without known history of cardiovascular diseases or hospitalization for HF, recruited from the Hong Kong West Diabetes Registry. Its association with incident HF hospitalization was evaluated using multivariable Cox regression analysis. Use of SGLT2i was included as a time‐dependent covariate. Among these 3322 participants (52.9% men; mean age 60.0 ± 12.6), 176 (5.3%) developed HF hospitalization over a median follow‐up of 8 years. Seven hundred and thirty‐one (22%) were started on SGLT2i during the study period (empagliflozin 55.1%, dapagliflozin 44.2%, canagliflozin 0.4%, and ertugliflozin 0.3%). Serum AFABP levels were significantly higher in participants who developed HF hospitalization than those who did not (men: 14.8 vs. 8.3 ng/mL; women: 21.5 vs. 14.6 ng/mL; all: 18.6 vs. 10.9 ng/mL, P < 0.001). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, baseline serum AFABP level was significantly associated with incident HF hospitalization [hazard ratio (HR) 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.80, P = 0.019] independent of the use of SGLT2i, in a model also consisting of age; sex; body mass index; smoking status; duration of diabetes; hypertension, dyslipidaemia; atrial fibrillation; presence of chronic kidney disease and albuminuria; glycated haemoglobin and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels; and use of metformin, insulin, aspirin, furosemide, and beta‐blockers at baseline. High cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) of SGLT2i was protective of incident HF hospitalization (HR 0.10, 95% CI 0.01–0.68, P = 0.019). The addition of circulating AFABP level to a clinical model of conventional HF risk factors provided significant improvement in the category‐free net reclassification index (11.5%, 95% CI 1.6–22.1, P = 0.02) and integrated discrimination improvement (0.3%, 95% CI 0.1–1.7, P = 0.04). A dose‐dependent reduction in cumulative incidence of HF hospitalization in response to SGLT2i, based on cDDD, was more clearly observed in participants with a higher baseline AFABP level above the sex‐specific median (P for trend <0.01).ConclusionsCirculating AFABP level is independently associated with incident HF hospitalization in type 2 diabetes and is potentially helpful in risk stratification for the prevention of HF hospitalization.
Single‐reaction multi‐antigen serological test for comprehensive evaluation of SARS‐CoV‐2 patients by flow cytometry
Authors: Cáceres‐Martell Yaiza , Fernández‐Soto Daniel , Campos‐Silva Carmen , García‐Cuesta Eva M. , Casasnovas Jose M , Navas‐Herrera David , Beneítez‐Martínez Alexandra , Martínez‐Fleta Pedro , Alfranca Arantzazu , Sánchez‐Madrid Francisco , Escudero‐López Gabriela , Vilches Carlos , Jara‐Acevedo Ricardo , Reyburn Hugh T. , Rodríguez‐Frade José M. , Valés‐Gómez Mar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHere, we describe a new, simple, highly multiplexed serological test that generates a more complete picture of seroconversion than single antigen‐based assays. Flow cytometry is used to detect multiple Ig isotypes binding to four SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens: the Spike glycoprotein, its RBD fragment (the main target for neutralizing antibodies), the nucleocapsid protein, and the main cysteine‐like protease in a single reaction. Until now, most diagnostic serological tests measured antibodies to only one antigen and in some laboratory‐confirmed patients no SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibodies could be detected. Our data reveal that while most patients respond against all the viral antigens tested, others show a marked bias to make antibodies against either proteins exposed on the viral particle or those released after cellular infection. With this assay, it was possible to discriminate between patients and healthy controls with 100% confidence. Analysing the response of multiple Ig isotypes to the four antigens in combination may also help to establish a correlation with the severity degree of disease. A more detailed description of the immune responses of different patients to SARS‐CoV‐2 virus might provide insight into the wide array of clinical presentations of COVID‐19.