bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
System eigenmobilities in zone electrophoresis: A general moving‐boundary approach
Authors: Gebauer Petr 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSystem zones in capillary zone electrophoresis represent an important topic, very interesting from the theoretical point but also important for practice. This paper is aimed at contributing to the understanding of system zones as one of the very fundamental properties of electrophoretic systems, by developing an alternative approach to the so far used vector‐matrix model of calculation of system mobilities (system eigenmobilities). The presented model is based on the solution of the differential form of the moving‐boundary equation. The result for acid‐base systems is a single algebraic equation valid universally for a zone comprising any number of constituents (mono‐ or polyhydric strong or weak acids or bases and/or amphoteric compounds). The value of the described solution against previous models consists in its explicit form, expressing the system eigenmobility of a homogeneous zone of given composition as a function of only known quantities. The obtained equation is shown to be the common source of various simplified equations obtained in the past for particular simple systems. The applicability of the simplified equations is discussed in terms of completeness of the results (number of output system eigenmobilities). For non‐buffered systems, the occurrence of a previously unreported non‐zero value of system eigenmobility is discussed that is equal to the arithmetic average of mobilities of the solvent ions.
Screening of prototype antiseizure and anti‐inflammatory compounds in the Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus model of epilepsy
Authors: Metcalf Cameron S. , Vanegas Fabiola , Underwood Tristan , Johnson Kristina , West Peter J. , Smith Misty D. , Wilcox Karen S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveInfection with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) in C57Bl/6J mice results in handling‐induced seizures and is useful for evaluating compounds effective against infection‐induced seizures. However, to date only a few compounds have been evaluated in this model, and a comprehensive study of antiseizure medications (ASMs) has not yet been performed. Furthermore, as the TMEV infection produces marked neuroinflammation, an evaluation of prototype anti‐inflammatory compounds is needed as well.MethodsMale C57Bl/6J mice were inoculated with TMEV (day 0) followed by daily administrations of test compounds (day 3‐7) and subsequent handling sessions (day 3‐7). Doses of ASMs, comprising several mechanistic classes, were selected based on previously published data demonstrating the effect of these compounds in reducing seizures in the 6 Hz model of pharmacoresistant seizures. Doses of anti‐inflammatory compounds, comprising several mechanistic classes, were selected based on published evidence of reduction of inflammation or inflammation‐related endpoints.ResultsSeveral prototype ASMs reduced acute seizures following TMEV infection: lacosamide, phenytoin, ezogabine, phenobarbital, tiagabine, gabapentin, levetiracetam, topiramate, and sodium valproate. Of these, phenobarbital and sodium valproate had the greatest effect (>95% seizure burden reduction). Prototype anti‐inflammatory drugs celecoxib, dexamethasone, and prednisone also moderately reduced seizure burden.SignificanceThe TMEV model is utilized by the Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program (ETSP) as a tool for evaluation of novel compounds. Compounds reducing seizures in the TMEV comprise distinct mechanistic classes, some with mechanisms of action that extend beyond traditional ASMs.
Bringing Home la Leche: Expanding Teachers’ Maternal Roles in Rural Oaxaca
Authors: Howell Jayne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMaestra(woman teacher) is the most common occupation of Mexican women who pursue higher education. This coincides with perceptions that teaching is a public manifestation of women's prescribed responsibility for socializing children. And yet, like women teachers elsewhere, maestras who are mothers routinely struggle to juggle their household, childcare and employment responsibilities. This ethnographic study explores the extreme work‐life imbalance experienced by rural maestras in the state of Oaxaca. Because the mountainous terrain and underdeveloped infrastructure complicate commuting, maestras assigned to isolated communities may stay in these villages while their children live with other relatives. This discussion explores ways that these women's extradomestic employment that is at odds with local ideals of the “good mother” who is at home with her children may actually help reshape constructions of maternal roles and responsibilities. Analysis of mothers' narratives reveals the emotional strains of being away from their children, and speaks to the pride these dedicated teachers take in “bringing home the milk” as economic providers. Ultimately, the tensions these agentive mothers confront and negotiate in their private and professional lives underscore ways that the prioritization of the latter in gender role norms limits women's options, choices and opportunities for full empowerment.
Do VIX futures contribute to the valuation of VIX options?
Authors: Tong Chen , Huang Zhuo , Wang Tianyi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs the volatility index (VIX) is nontradable, most investors use the exchange‐traded VIX futures to hedge their exposures in VIX options. However, the information role of VIX futures in pricing VIX options is not fully explored empirically. This paper derives two types of VIX option pricing formula using VIX index and VIX futures as state variables accordingly based on a simple discrete‐time VIX dynamics with long memory and asymmetric jumps. Empirical results show that models utilizing VIX futures significantly outperform competing models based on S&P 500 index (SPX) returns, realized volatility, or the VIX index itself. Our findings are robust in out‐of‐sample.
N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase‐4 protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by blocking apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 N‐terminal dimerization
Authors: Zhou Jiangqiao , Guo Lina , Ma Tengfei , Qiu Tao , Wang Sichen , Tian Song , Zhang Li , Hu Fengjiao , Li Wei , Liu Zhen , Hu Yufeng , Wang Tianyu , Kong Chenyang , Yang Juan , Zhou Junjie , Li Hongliang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury is an inevitable complication of liver transplantation (LT) and compromises its prognosis. Glycosyltransferases have been recognized as promising targets for disease therapy, but their roles remain open for study in hepatic I/R (HIR) injury. Here, we aim to demonstrate the exact function and molecular mechanism of a glycosyltransferase, N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase‐4 (GALNT4), in HIR injury.

Approach and Results
By an RNA‐sequencing data‐based correlation analysis, we found a close correlation between GALNT4 expression and HIR‐related molecular events in a murine model. mRNA and protein expression of GALNT4 were markedly up‐regulated upon reperfusion surgery in both clinical samples from subjects who underwent LT and in a mouse model. We found that GALNT4 deficiency significantly exacerbated I/R‐induced liver damage, inflammation, and cell death, whereas GALNT4 overexpression led to the opposite phenotypes. Our in‐depth mechanistic exploration clarified that GALNT4 directly binds to apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) to inhibit its N‐terminal dimerization and subsequent phosphorylation, leading to a robust inactivation of downstream c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 and NF‐κB signaling. Intriguingly, the inhibitory capacity of GALNT4 on ASK1 activation is independent of its glycosyltransferase activity.

Conclusions
GALNT4 represents a promising therapeutic target for liver I/R injury and improves liver surgery prognosis by inactivating the ASK1‐JNK/p38 signaling pathway.
Responsive policies needed to secure rural supply from increasing female doctors: A perspective
Authors: O'Sullivan Belinda , McGrail Matthew , May Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAround the world, the supply of rural health services to address population health needs continues to be a wicked problem. Adding to this, an increasing proportion of female doctors is graduating from medical courses but gender is not accounted for within rural workforce policy and planning. This threatens the future capacity of rural medical services. This perspective draws together the latest evidence, to make the case for industry and government action on responsive policy and planning to attract females to rural medicine. We find that the factors that attract female doctors to rural practice are not the same as males. We identify female‐tailored policies require a re‐visioning of rural recruitment, use of employment arrangements that attract females and re‐thinking issues of rural training and specialty choice. We conceptualise a roadmap that includes co‐designing rural jobs within supportive teams, allowing for capped hours which align with childcare along with boosting of female peer support and mentorship. There is also a need to enhance flexible rural postgraduate training options in a range of specialties (at a time when many women are establishing families) and to consider viable partner employment (including for female doctors with university trained partners) and advertising specific rural attractors to women, including the chance to connect with communities and make a difference.
Soil water dynamics and water balance on a tropical coral island
Authors: Han Shengsheng , Liu Suxia , Mo Xingguo , Yang Lihu , Song Xianfang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnderstanding soil water dynamics and the water balance of tropical coral islands is important for the utilization and management of their limited freshwater resources, which is only from rainfall. However, there is a significant knowledge gap in the influence of soil water on the water cycle of coral islands. Soil water dynamics and the water balance of Zhaoshu Island, Xisha Archipelago were thus investigated using soil moisture measurements and the Hydrus‐1D model from October 2018 to September 2019. Over the study period, vegetation transpiration, soil evaporation, groundwater recharge and storage in the vadose zone were approximately 196, 330, 365 and 20 mm, occupying 22%, 36%, 40% and 2% of annual rainfall total (911 mm), respectively. For the wet season (from May to October) these values became 75, 202, 455 and 40 mm, occupying 10%, 26% and 59% and 5% of the seasonal rainfall total (772 mm), respectively. During the dry season (from November to April), a dry soil layer between 40 and 120 cm depth of the soil profile was identified that prevented water exchange between the upper soil layers and the groundwater resulting in the development of deep roots so that vegetation could extract groundwater to supplement their water requirements. Vegetation not only consumes all dry season rainfall (140 mm) but extracts water deeply from groundwater (90 mm) as well as from the vadose layer (20 mm). As such, the vegetation appears to be groundwater‐dependent ecosystems. The research results aid us to better understand the process of water dynamics on coral islands and to protect coral island ecosystems.
A New Twist in Eutectic Composition: Deracemization of a Racemic Compound Amino Acid by Viedma Ripening and Temperature Fluctuation
Authors: Viedma Cristobal , Ortiz José Eugenio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractViedma ripening and temperature fluctuation are processes based on solution phase racemization and dissolution‐growth of racemic or scalemic conglomerates resulting in solid‐phase deracemization. The dissolution‐growth process is performed by abrasive grinding in the first case and by the temperature fluctuation in the second. But both methods have the intrinsic drawback of being only applicable to conglomerates, accounting for only 10 % of all chiral molecules and are not suitable for the 90 % of chiral compounds that crystallize as racemic compound. Herein we show that the enantiomeric excess of the solution in the eutectic mixture formed by a racemic compound and one of its enantiomers in suspension changes dramatically by growth‐dissolution of the crystals through grinding and temperature fluctuation, converting the racemic compound into the desired enantiomer. With this new finding the scope of Viedma ripening and temperature fluctuation could be significantly expanded and can shed new ideas about the origin of biological homochirality on earth.
LncRNA FGF14‐AS2 represses growth of prostate carcinoma cells via modulating miR‐96‐5p/AJAP1 axis
Authors: Li Rubing , Chen Yingcong , Wu Jingwei , Cui Xiaobo , Zheng Sinian , Yan Huaqing , Wu Yiming , Wang Feng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis investigation devoted to lncRNA FGF14 antisense RNA 2 (FGF14‐AS2) in prostate carcinoma progression.MethodsThe levels of lncRNA FGF14‐AS2, miR‐96‐5p, and Adherens junction‐associated protein‐1 (AJAP1) in prostate carcinoma were tested by Western blot and qRT‐PCR. How these two genes interacted was confirmed by RNA immunoprecipitation and dualluciferase gene methods. The effect of FGF14‐AS2/miR‐96‐5p/AJAP1 axis in prostate carcinoma progression was determined by MTT, Transwell, and nude mice tumor model.ResultsFGF14‐AS2 was a downregulated lncRNA in prostate carcinoma tissue and cells. FGF14‐AS2 could restrain miR‐96‐5p expression while miR‐96‐5p hampered AJAP1. FGF14‐AS2 could effectively decrease the biological behaviors of prostate carcinoma cells, while knock‐down of FGF14‐AS2 triggered opposite results. Moreover, miR‐96‐5p mimic presented a cancer promoter role in prostate carcinoma cells. AJAP1 expression level could affect levels of proteins related to epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. In vivo experiment suggested that overexpressing FGF14‐AS2 could reverse the promotion of silenced AJAP1 on prostate carcinoma cell metastasis, thus to inhibit tumor growth.ConclusionlncRNA FGF14‐AS2 was a downregulated lncRNA in prostate carcinoma and influenced cell proliferation and metastasis. The influence relied on modulating miR‐96‐5p and its target gene AJAP1.
Myeloid dendritic cells in severe aplastic anemia patients exhibit stronger phagocytosis
Authors: Sun Yingying , Wu Chengcheng , Liu Chunyan , Wang Huaquan , Zhang Yang , Zhang Yu , Ran Ningyuan , Shao Zonghong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundA deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is urgently warranted to achieve better therapeutic effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the phagocytosis of myeloid dendritic cell (mDC) in SAA patients.MethodsMyeloid dendritic cells were induced in vitro from bone marrow mononuclear cells from 26 SAA patients and 12 normal controls (HCs). The phagocytosis of mDCs was detected by flow cytometry using FITC‐Dextran (40KD), and its correlation with the immune status and severity of the disease was analyzed.ResultsThe phagocytosis of mDC from untreated SAA patients was significantly stronger than that from complete remission group and HC group (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between the latter two groups (p > 0.05). The phagocytosis of mDC from SAA patients correlated positively with the concentration of interleukin (IL)‐2 (r = 0.389,p < 0.05), and IL‐4 (r = 0.556,p < 0.05), negatively with CD4+/CD8+ratio (r = −0.421,p < 0.05). It also had negative correlations with the level of hemoglobin (r = −0.393,p < 0.05), white blood cell (r = −0.436,p < 0.05), platelet (r = −0.431,p < 0.05), and reticulocyte (r = −0.447,p < 0.05). The phagocytosis of mDC does not correlate with the response to IST.ConclusionsThe increased phagocytosis of mDC in untreated SAA patients may contribute to abnormal activation of T helper (Th) and subsequent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation in these patients. It may be involved in the immune pathogenesis of SAA.
Fifty years of articles in JEQ on trace elements in the environment and future outlook
Authors: Strawn Daniel G. , Hettiarachchi Ganga M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFifty years ago, the Journal of Environmental Quality (JEQ) was launched to provide an outlet for publication of research on the impacts of agriculture on the environment, and vice versa. A core concept of JEQ is advancement of environmental science, with emphasis on understanding factors that affect the fate, risks, and quality of soil, water, and atmospheric systems, and how these system processes affect plants, microbes, and animals. Trace elements are a focus area of JEQ because when present at higher than natural concentrations, they may pose risks to environmental quality and ecosystem health, depending on their bioavailability. Trace element biogeochemical cycling is affected by anthropogenic influences on land, air, and water, including land management practices such as agriculture and mining. The Journal of Environmental Quality has published a prolific catalog of scientific research publications on trace elements and their risks to humans, soil health, water quality, and the environment. In this review, research on trace elements and their impacts on environmental quality is presented, with a special focus on work published in JEQ.
EZH2 upregulates the expression of MAPK1 to promote intervertebral disc degeneration via suppression of miR‐129‐5p
Authors: Zhou Meng , He Shuang‐Jun , Liu Wei , Yang Mao‐Jie , Hou Zhen‐Yang , Meng Qian , Qian Zhong‐Lai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to verify whether enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) affects intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) development through regulation of microRNA (miR)‐129‐5p/MAPK1.MethodsInitially, we collected lumbar nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue samples from patients with juvenile idiopathic scoliosis (n = 14) and IVDD (n = 34). We measured the expression of related genes in clinical IVDD tissues and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced NP cell model. After loss‐ and gain‐of‐function assays, NP cell proliferation and senescence were examined. The targeting relationship between miR‐129‐5p and MAPK1 was explored by dual luciferase reporter gene and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. The enrichment of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in miR‐129‐5p promoter was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Finally, an IVDD rat model was established to test the effects of transduction with lentiviral vector carrying miR‐129‐5p agomir and/or oe‐EZH2 in vivo.ResultsmiR‐129‐5p was underexpressed, and EZH2 and MAPK1 levels were overexpressed in lumbar nucleus pulposus from human IVDD patients and in LPS‐induced NP cells. miR‐129‐5p overexpression or silencing of MAPK1 promoted proliferation of NP cells, while inhibiting their senescence. EZH2 inhibited miR‐129‐5p through H3K27me3 modification in the miR‐129‐5p promoter. miR‐129‐5p could target the downregulation of MAPK1 expression. EZH2 overexpression increased the release of inflammatory factors and cell senescence factors, which was reversed by miR‐129‐5p agomir in vivo.ConclusionsTaken together, EZH2 inhibits miR‐129‐5p through H3K27me3 modification, which upregulates MAPK1, thereby promoting the development of IVDD.
Connected cubic graphs with the maximum number of perfect matchings
Authors: Horak Peter , Kim Dongryul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is proved that for , the number of perfect matchings in a simple connected cubic graph on vertices is at most , with being the ‐th Fibonacci number. The unique extremal graph is characterized as well. In addition, it is shown that the number of perfect matchings in any cubic graph equals the expected value of a random variable defined on all 2‐colorings of edges of . Finally, an improved lower bound on the maximum number of cycles in a cubic graph is provided.
International Population Study in Spain, Cuba, and the United States of Attitudes Toward Organ Donation Among the Cuban Population
Authors: Ríos Antonio , Sánchez‐Martínez Alvaro , Ayala‐García Marco Antonio , Gutiérrez Pedro R. , Palacios Gerardo , Iniesta‐Sepúlveda Marina , Ramírez Pablo , López‐Navas Ana Isabel 
Published: October 2021

Cuban immigrants constitute an important group in both the United States and Spain, with different behaviors toward organ donation having been described among the different Latin American nationalities. We analyzed the attitude toward organ donation among the Cuban populations in Cuba, Spain, and Florida. The study population was Cuban immigrants over 15 years of age residing in Cuba, Spain, and Florida, with samples randomly stratified by age and sex. A validated questionnaire on psychosocial aspects of organ donation (PCID‐DTO Rios) was used. Census was used as the sampling base in all 3 countries; however, additionally, in Spain and the United States (Florida), we sought the support of immigration support associations to determine the Cuban population without legal documentation. The questionnaire was completed anonymously and self‐administered. The completion rate of the study was 74% (4123/5574) among 424 surveyed in Spain, 1224 in Florida, and 2475 in Cuba. The attitude in favor of donating their own organs upon death was 60.6% of those surveyed in Spain, 37.6% in Florida, and 68.9% in Cuba, or 58% of the global sample. Multivariate analysis showed that country of residence was an independent factor associated with attitude toward organ donation (odds ratio, 1.929). Other factors associated with attitude were sex, educational level, performance of prosocial activities, knowledge of the brain death concept, religion, the couple’s opinion toward donation, fear of mutilation after donation, and attitude toward manipulation of the body after death. The attitude toward organ donation among Cubans in their country of origin and immigrants in Spain was similar, being significantly different from those who emigrate to Florida, where the attitude is much less favorable.
Multifunctional Shape Memory Films for a Flexible Electrical Sensor
Authors: Liu Kuo , Yang Dan , Yang Hongfen , Lu Shaorong , Cai Ren , Tan Weihong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractShape memory polymers exhibit great potential for applications in aeronautics, astronautics, biomedicine, intelligent robots, and electronics. Based on traditional fabrication methods, as‐prepared shape memory micro‐/nanodevices are brittle with poor deformability. For instance, these devices shatter or crack when they are bent, which greatly limit their practical applications. In particular, there has been little use of shape memory films for high performance sensing devices in electrical circuits. Here, a novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film is fabricated from a mixture of graphene nanosheets (GNs), sisal cellulose microcrystals (CNC), polyamine‐functionalized perylene bisimide derivative (APBI), and PVA through a simple electrospinning technique. These novel PVA films exhibit excellent thermal, mechanical, and shape memory properties. Moreover, after spin‐coating with Ag nanowires, the PVA films show excellent conductivity and flexibility in shape memory recovery cycles, and are used as a flexible sensing device in the circuit.