bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Affect and gaze responses during an Emotion-Evoking Task in infants at an increased likelihood for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Sacrey Lori-Ann R. , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Brian Jessica A. , Smith Isabel M. , Armstrong Vickie , Raza Sarah , Vaillancourt Tracy , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The majority of research examining emotional difficulties in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prior to age 2 relies on parent report.

Methods
We examined behavioral responses (affect and gaze) during emotionally salient tasks designed to elicit mildly positive and negative emotional states in infants. At 12 and 18 months, infants at an increased likelihood for an ASD diagnosis (IL; have an older sibling with ASD; n = 60) and low likelihood (LL; no family history of ASD; n = 21) completed the Emotion-Evoking (EE) Task and parents completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R). All children received an Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale—second Edition assessment for ASD symptomatology at 24 months.

Results
The main findings were (1) the IL group displayed higher rates of negative affect and spent less time looking at the task objects compared to the LL group, and (2) affect and gaze scores at 12 and 18 months, but not scores on the IBQ-R, predicted ASD symptoms at 24 months.

Limitations
The data were drawn from an IL sample and may not be generalizable to the general ASD population, and the children were not followed to determine a diagnosis of ASD.

Conclusion
These results suggest that behavioral responses can provide important information that complements parent reports of emotional regulation in IL infants as early as 12 months of age.
Regulation of the integrin αVβ3- actin filaments axis in early osteogenesis of human fibroblasts under cyclic tensile stress
Authors: Peng Yan , Qu Rongmei , Feng Yanting , Huang Xiaolan , Yang Yuchao , Fan Tingyu , Sun Bing , Khan Asmat Ullah , Wu Shutong , Dai Jingxing , Ouyang Jun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Integrins play a prominent role in osteogenic differentiation by transmitting both mechanical and chemical signals. Integrin expression is closely associated with tensile stress, which has a positive effect on osteogenic differentiation. We investigated the relationship between integrin αVβ3 and tensile stress.

Methods
Human fibroblasts were treated with c (RGDyk) and lentivirus transduction to inhibit function of integrin αVβ3. Y-15, cytochalasin D and verteporfin were used to inhibit phosphorylation of FAK, polymerization of microfilament and function of nuclear YAP, respectively. Fibroblasts were exposed to a cyclic tensile stress of 10% at 0.5 Hz, once a day for 2 h each application. Fibroblasts were harvested on day 4 and 7 post-treatment. The expression of ALP, RUNX2, integrin αVβ3, β-actin, talin-1, FAK, vinculin, and nuclear YAP was detected by Western blot or qRT-PCR. The expression and distribution of integrin αVβ3, vinculin, microfilament and nuclear YAP.

Results
Cyclic tensile stress was found to promote expression of ALP and RUNX2. Inhibition of integrin αVβ3 activation downregulated the rearrangement of microfilament and the expression of ALP, RUNX2 and nuclear YAP. When the polymerization of microfilament was inhibited the expression of ALP, RUNX2 and nuclear YAP were decreased. The phosphorylation of FAK induced by cyclic tensile stress reduced by the inhibition of integrin αVβ3. The expression of ALP and RUNX2 was decreased by inhibition of phosphorylation of FAK and inhibition of nuclear YAP.

Conclusions
Cyclic tensile stress promotes osteogenesis of human fibroblasts via integrin αVβ3-microfilament axis. Phosphorylation of FAK and nuclear YAP participates in this process.
Translating the InChI: adapting neural machine translation to predict IUPAC names from a chemical identifier
Authors: Handsel Jennifer , Matthews Brian , Knight Nicola J. , Coles Simon J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present a sequence-to-sequence machine learning model for predicting the IUPAC name of a chemical from its standard International Chemical Identifier (InChI). The model uses two stacks of transformers in an encoder-decoder architecture, a setup similar to the neural networks used in state-of-the-art machine translation. Unlike neural machine translation, which usually tokenizes input and output into words or sub-words, our model processes the InChI and predicts the IUPAC name character by character. The model was trained on a dataset of 10 million InChI/IUPAC name pairs freely downloaded from the National Library of Medicine’s online PubChem service. Training took seven days on a Tesla K80 GPU, and the model achieved a test set accuracy of 91%. The model performed particularly well on organics, with the exception of macrocycles, and was comparable to commercial IUPAC name generation software. The predictions were less accurate for inorganic and organometallic compounds. This can be explained by inherent limitations of standard InChI for representing inorganics, as well as low coverage in the training data.
Benchmark for anonymous video analytics
Authors: Sanchez-Matilla Ricardo , Cavallaro Andrea 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOut-of-home audience measurement aims to count and characterize the people exposed to advertising content in the physical world. While audience measurement solutions based on computer vision are of increasing interest, no commonly accepted benchmark exists to evaluate and compare their performance. In this paper, we propose the first benchmark for digital out-of-home audience measurement that evaluates the vision-based tasks of audience localization and counting, and audience demographics. The benchmark is composed of a novel, dataset captured at multiple locations and a set of performance measures. Using the benchmark, we present an in-depth comparison of eight open-source algorithms on four hardware platforms with GPU and CPU-optimized inferences and of two commercial off-the-shelf solutions for localization, count, age, and gender estimation. This benchmark and related open-source codes are available at http://ava.eecs.qmul.ac.uk.
Non-polynomial B-spline and shifted Jacobi spectral collocation techniques to solve time-fractional nonlinear coupled Burgers’ equations numerically
Authors: Hadhoud Adel R. , Srivastava H. M. , Rageh Abdulqawi A. M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes two numerical approaches for solving the coupled nonlinear time-fractional Burgers’ equations with initial or boundary conditions on the interval $[0, L]$
[
0
,
L
]
. The first method is the non-polynomial B-spline method based on L1-approximation and the finite difference approximations for spatial derivatives. The method has been shown to be unconditionally stable by using the Von-Neumann technique. The second method is the shifted Jacobi spectral collocation method based on an operational matrix of fractional derivatives. The proposed algorithms’ main feature is that when solving the original problem it is converted into a nonlinear system of algebraic equations. The efficiency of these methods is demonstrated by applying several examples in time-fractional coupled Burgers equations. The error norms and figures show the effectiveness and reasonable accuracy of the proposed methods.
Higher-order q-derivatives and their applications to subclasses of multivalent Janowski type q-starlike functions
Authors: Khan Bilal , Liu Zhi-Guo , Srivastava H. M. , Araci Serkan , Khan Nazar , Ahmad Qazi Zahoor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the present investigation, with the help of certain higher-order q-derivatives, some new subclasses of multivalent q-starlike functions which are associated with the Janowski functions are defined. Then, certain interesting results, for example, radius problems and the results related to distortion, are derived. We also derive a sufficient condition and certain coefficient inequalities for our defined function classes. Some known consequences related to this subject are also highlighted. Finally, the well-demonstrated fact about the $(p,q)$
(
p
,
q
)
-variations is also given in the concluding section.
Low-grade peripheral inflammation affects brain pathology in the AppNL-G-Fmouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Xie Junhua , Gorlé Nina , Vandendriessche Charysse , Van Imschoot Griet , Van Wonterghem Elien , Van Cauwenberghe Caroline , Parthoens Eef , Van Hamme Evelien , Lippens Saskia , Van Hoecke Lien , Vandenbroucke Roosmarijn E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles. The last decade, it became increasingly clear that neuroinflammation plays a key role in both the initiation and progression of AD. Moreover, also the presence of peripheral inflammation has been extensively documented. However, it is still ambiguous whether this observed inflammation is cause or consequence of AD pathogenesis. Recently, this has been studied using amyloid precursor protein (APP) overexpression mouse models of AD. However, the findings might be confounded by APP-overexpression artifacts. Here, we investigated the effect of low-grade peripheral inflammation in the APP knock-in (AppNL-G-F) mouse model. This revealed that low-grade peripheral inflammation affects (1) microglia characteristics, (2) blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier integrity, (3) peripheral immune cell infiltration and (4) Aβ deposition in the brain. Next, we identified mechanisms that might cause this effect on AD pathology, more precisely Aβ efflux, persistent microglial activation and insufficient Aβ clearance, neuronal dysfunction and promotion of Aβ aggregation. Our results further strengthen the believe that even low-grade peripheral inflammation has detrimental effects on AD progression and may further reinforce the idea to modulate peripheral inflammation as a therapeutic strategy for AD.
Impacts of forestation on the annual and seasonal water balance of a tropical catchment under climate change
Authors: Marhaento Hero , Booij Martijn J. , Rahardjo Noorhadi , Ahmed Naveed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aims to assess the effects of a forestation program and climate change on the annual and seasonal water balance of the Bogowonto catchment (597 km2) in Java, Indonesia. The catchment study is rare example in Indonesia where forestation has been applied at the catchment level. However, since the forestation program has been initiated, evaluations of the program only focus on the planting area targets, while the environmental success e.g., impacts on the hydrological processes have never been assessed. This study used a calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to diagnose the isolated and combined effects of forestation and climate change on five water balance components, namely streamflow (Q), evapotranspiration (ET), surface runoff (Qs), lateral flow (Ql) and base flow (Qb).

Results
The results show that from 2006 to 2019, forest cover has increased from 2.7% to 12.8% of the total area, while in the same period there was an increase in the mean annual and seasonal temperature, rainfall, and streamflow. Results of SWAT simulations show that changes in the mean annual and seasonal water balance under the forestation only scenario were relatively minor, while changes were more pronounced under the climate change only scenario. Based on the combined impacts scenario, it was observed that the effects of a larger forest area on the water balance were smaller than the effects of climate change.

Conclusions
Although we found that forestation program has minor impacts compared to that of climate change on the hydrological processes in the Bogowonto catchment, seasonally, forestation activity has decreased the streamflow and surface runoff during the wet season which may reduce the risk of moderate floods. However, much attention should be paid to the way how forestation may result in severe drought events during the dry season. Finally, we urge the importance of accounting for the positive and negative effects in future forestation programs.
A multicriteria credit scoring model for SMEs using hybrid BWM and TOPSIS
Authors: Roy Pranith Kumar , Shaw Krishnendu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSmall- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have a crucial influence on the economic development of every nation, but access to formal finance remains a barrier. Similarly, financial institutions encounter challenges in the assessment of SMEs’ creditworthiness for the provision of financing. Financial institutions employ credit scoring models to identify potential borrowers and to determine loan pricing and collateral requirements. SMEs are perceived as unorganized in terms of financial data management compared to large corporations, making the assessment of credit risk based on inadequate financial data a cause for financial institutions’ concern. The majority of existing models are data-driven and have faced criticism for failing to meet their assumptions. To address the issue of limited financial record keeping, this study developed and validated a system to predict SMEs’ credit risk by introducing a multicriteria credit scoring model. The model was constructed using a hybrid best–worst method (BWM) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Initially, the BWM determines the weight criteria, and TOPSIS is applied to score SMEs. A real-life case study was examined to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, and a sensitivity analysis varying the weight of the criteria was performed to assess robustness against unpredictable financial situations. The findings indicated that SMEs’ credit history, cash liquidity, and repayment period are the most crucial factors in lending, followed by return on capital, financial flexibility, and integrity. The proposed credit scoring model outperformed the existing commercial model in terms of its accuracy in predicting defaults. This model could assist financial institutions, providing a simple means for identifying potential SMEs to grant credit, and advance further research using alternative approaches.
Analysis of challenges faced and the scientific content of a hybrid pediatric surgical conference arranged during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Patel Muhammad Haris , Akhtar Jamshed , Taqvi Syed Muhammad Raees Hussain , Batool Tayyaba 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Scientific conferences which are considered as an important event for dissemination of research and related academic activities were badly affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Virtual format for interaction was used as an alternative method to continue such academic discourse. However, this did not provide the same level of communication and interest as that of in-person meetings. With evolving knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic especially its transmission, role of vaccine, and observing standard operating procedures (SOPs), fear among healthcare providers is mitigated to some extent. Keeping in mind the importance of scientific conferences in the context of sharing knowledge and its impact on the training of faculty members and postgraduate residents, a hybrid conference was planned by the national association of pediatric surgeons.
The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review the challenges faced during the organization of this conference as well as to analyze the pattern of registration, number of abstracts received, the gender of the participants and their status, region of the country they represented, type of presentation made, and scientific subject covered. SPSS version 22 was used for data entry. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to present data. Chi square test was applied to find out the association between categorical variables and a p value < 0.05 was considered as significant.

Results
A total of 170 pediatric surgeons and postgraduate residents participated from all over the country and abroad. Nearly half (47.1%) of the registrants were postgraduate residents. Most of the participants (90%) opted for in-person attendance. The venue was selected with a capacity to house more than double the number of registrants with provision of safe distance. Availability of face masks, gloves, and sanitizers was ensured by the organizers. Packed meal boxes were arranged and served at the venue site in an open place on the terrace. A total of 97 abstracts were accepted for presentation that included 57 (58.8%) long oral podium and 40 (41.2%) poster presentations. Most of the studies (n=48–49.4%) were related to the subject of gastroenterology including pancreatico-hepatobiliary system and spleen. Majority of the presenters were male (p = 0.046) and postgraduate residents (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
It was possible to organize a hybrid annual medical conference where most of the participants preferred physical presence. A rich scientific program was made to cater the needs for pediatric surgical fraternity. Residents made attractive presentations. It was noted that physical presence during clinical conference produced effective communication and learning.
Predisposing factors of childhood dysphonia in primary school children
Authors: Elbanna M. M. , Elmaghraby R. M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Although dysphonia is a common symptom in children, there is lack of mass screening studies to cover its prevalence rate in the Egyptian Alexandrian schools. The aim of the work was to screen Alexandrian school-age children for dysphonia in order to determine the prevalence and to detect its possible predisposing factors. The study was carried out on 1913 school children (4th-6th grade), age range of 9-13 years and presenting the seven Alexandrian Educational districts. All patients were screened for the presence of dysphonia. The grade of dysphonia was assessed by a phoniatrician using perceptual auditory evaluation. Determination of possible predisposing factors was done through the application of a questionnaire. Only 317 students responded to the questionnaire.

Results
There was a significant difference between dysphonic and non-dysphonic as regards gender, and school grade. Having a smoking family member and conducting activities requiring high vocal demands were recorded with the highest percentage among dysphonic children.

Conclusion
The Study revealed a prevalence rate of childhood Dysphonia of 12.4%. The presence of chest problems, prolonged loud cry, temperament personality and passive smoking predisposed to dysphonia in primary school students.
Lipoprotein(a) Levels at Birth and in Early Childhood: The COMPARE Study
Authors: Strandkjær Nina , Hansen Malene Kongsgaard , Nielsen Sofie Taageby , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth , Tybjærg-Hansen Anne , Nordestgaard Børge G , Tabor Ann , Bundgaard Henning , Iversen Kasper , Kamstrup Pia R 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveHigh lipoprotein(a) is a genetically determined causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and 20% of the adult population has high levels (ie, &gt;42 mg/dL, &gt;88 nmol/L). We investigated whether early life lipoprotein(a) levels measured in cord blood may serve as a proxy for neonatal venous blood levels, whether lipoprotein(a) birth levels (ie, cord or venous) predict levels later in life, and whether early life and parental levels correlate.MethodsThe Compare study is a prospective cohort study of newborns (N = 450) from Copenhagen, Denmark, including blood sampling of parents. Plasma lipoprotein(a) was measured in cord blood (N = 402), neonatal venous blood (N = 356), and at 2 (N = 320) and 15 months follow-up (N = 148) of infants, and in parents (N = 705).ResultsMean lipoprotein(a) levels were 2.2 (95% CI, 1.9-2.5), 2.4 (2.0-2.7), 4.1 (3.4-4.9), and 14.6 (11.4-17.9) mg/dL in cord, neonatal venous, and 2- and 15-month venous samples, respectively. Lipoprotein(a) levels in cord blood correlated strongly with neonatal venous blood levels (R2 = 0.95, P &lt; 0.001) and neonatal levels correlated moderately with 2- and 15-month levels (R2 = 0.68 and 0.67, both P &lt; 0.001). Birth levels ≥ 90th percentile predicted lipoprotein(a) &gt; 42 mg/dL at 15 months with positive predictive values of 89% and 85% for neonatal venous and cord blood. Neonatal and infant levels correlated weakly with parental levels, most pronounced at 15 months (R2 = 0.22, P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsLipoprotein(a) levels are low in early life, cord blood may serve as a proxy for neonatal venous blood, and birth levels ≥ 90th percentile can identify newborns at risk of developing high levels.
Investigation of neglected protists Blastocystis sp. and Dientamoeba fragilis in immunocompetent and immunodeficient diarrheal patients using both conventional and molecular methods
Authors: Sarzhanov Fakhriddin , Dogruman-Al Funda , Santin Monica , Maloney Jenny G. , Gureser Ayse Semra , Karasartova Djursun , Taylan-Ozkan Aysegul 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionThe clinical significance ofBlastocystissp. andDientamoeba fragilisin patients with gastrointestinal symptoms is a controversial issue. Since the pathogenicity of these protists has not been fully elucidated, testing for these organisms is not routinely pursued by most laboratories and clinicians. Thus, the prevalence of these organisms and the subtypes ofBlastocystissp. in human patients in Turkey are not well characterized. This study aimed to determine the prevalence ofBlastocystissp. andD.fragilisin the diarrheic stool samples of immunodeficient and immunocompetent patients using conventional and molecular methods and to identifyBlastocystissp. subtypes using next generation sequencing.Material and methodsIndividual stool specimens were collected from 245 immunodeficient and 193 immunocompetent diarrheic patients between March 2017 and December 2019 at the Gazi University Training and Research Hospital in Ankara, Turkey. Samples were screened forBlastocystissp. andD.fragilisby conventional and molecular methods. Molecular detection of both protists was achieved by separate qPCRs targeting a partial fragment of theSSUrRNA gene. Next generation sequencing was used to identifyBlastocystissp. subtypes.ResultsThe prevalence ofBlastocystissp. andD.fragiliswas 16.7% and 11.9%, respectively as measured by qPCR. The prevalence ofBlastocystissp. andD.fragiliswas lower in immunodeficient patients (12.7% and 10.6%, respectively) compared to immunocompetent patients (21.8% and 13.5%, respectively). FiveBlastocystissp. subtypes were identified and the following subtype distribution was observed: ST3 54.4% (n = 37), ST2 16.2% (n = 11), ST1 4.4% (n = 3), ST6 2.9% (n = 2), ST4 1.5% (n = 1), ST2/ST3 11.8% (n = 8) and ST1/ST3 8.8% (n = 6). There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution ofBlastocystissp. subtypes between immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients.Conclusion and recommendationOur findings demonstrated thatBlastocystissp. andD.fragilisare commonly present in immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients with diarrhea. This study is the first to use next generation sequencing to address the presence ofBlastocystissp. mixed subtypes and intra-subtype variability in clinical samples in Turkey.