bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastable Perovskite Nanocrystals in All‐Inorganic Transparent Matrix for High‐Speed Underwater Wireless Optical Communication
Authors: Xia Mengling , Zhu Shijie , Luo Jiajun , Xu Yinsheng , Tian Pengfei , Niu Guangda , Tang Jiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe key features of lead halide perovskites, including short emission lifetime and excellent luminous efficiency in the green emission region, perfectly match the strict requirements of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC). However, the poor stability of perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) restricts its application under water and no relevant application research has been reported. Here, extremely stable CsPbBr3 NCs in all‐inorganic amorphous glass synthesized by all‐solid reaction without any organic ligand are reported. The products achieve high photoluminescence quantum yield (70%) as well as excellent stability toward water, thermal treatment (200 °C in air) and intensive laser irradiation (3.6 kW cm−2). The authors also raise that the refraction index could strongly influence the lifetime values according to the oscillator strength of radiative transitions. The large refraction index of the glass matrix enhances the radiative transition rates of CsPbBr3 NCs (decay time 3.22 ns). At last, the first application of perovskite NCs for UWOC is demonstrated, achieving a bandwidth as high as 180 MHz and data rates of 185 Mbps.
Tailoring the Broadband Emission in All‐Inorganic Lead‐Free 0D In‐Based Halides through Sb3+ Doping
Authors: Cheng Xingwen , Li Renfu , Zheng Wei , Tu Datao , Shang Xiaoying , Gong Zhongliang , Xu Jin , Han Siyuan , Chen Xueyuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAll‐inorganic lead‐free metal halides doped with ns2‐metal ions have shown great promise in optoelectronics and photovoltaics owing to their superior optical properties. Herein, a strategy is reported for tailoring the optical properties of 0D A2InX5⋅H2O and A3InX6 (A = Cs, Rb; X = Cl, Br) crystals via Sb3+ doping, and the excited‐state dynamics of Sb3+ is unveiled through temperature‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopies. Owing to the spatially confined 0D structure of the In‐based halides, Sb3+ ions experience a strong Jahn–Taller distortion on the excited state, which results in intense PL from Sb3+ with a broad emission band and a large Stokes shift. Through the control of A cation and the octahedral unit, tunable Sb3+ emissions (490−750 nm) with PL quantum yields up to 91.8% are achieved in these 0D In‐based halides. These findings provide fundamental insights into the excited‐state dynamics of Sb3+ in 0D metal halides, thus laying a foundation for future design of luminescent lead‐free 0D metal halides through ns2‐metal doping towards versatile applications.
Co‐Assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Silk Fibroin into Photonic Cholesteric Films
Authors: Guidetti Giulia , Sun Hui , Ivanova Alesja , Marelli Benedetto , Frka‐Petesic Bruno 
Published: April 2021

AbstractControlled self‐assembly of bio‐sourced nanocolloids is of high importance for the development of sustainable and low‐cost functional materials but controlling nanocomposite fabrication with both satisfactory optical properties and composition remains challenging. Silk fibroin (SF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have independently demonstrated their ability to produce high‐quality photonic materials, in part due to their low absorbance and their transparency in the visible range. While SF is able to replicate inverse structures by high‐resolution nano‐templating, CNCs can spontaneously assemble into cholesteric liquid crystalline structures that are retained upon solvent evaporation, yielding photonic films. In this work, the conditions of successful co‐assembly of regenerated SF, extracted from silkworm silk, with CNCs extracted from cotton, are investigated. Their co‐assembly is investigated for various relative concentration ratios and pH, combining polarized optical microscopy and spectroscopy, SEM, and other characterization techniques (XRD, ATR‐FTIR, TGA). The appearance of photonic properties is observed when CNC and SF are assembled at pH ≥ 4.15, highlighting the importance of suppressing attractive electrostatic interactions between the two species for an organized structure to emerge. Beyond its fundamental motivations for colloidal co‐assembly with structural proteins, this work is relevant to design sustainable optical materials compatible with food packaging coatings and edible coloring pigments.
Filling in the gaps: Acoustic gradation increases in the vocal ontogeny of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Taylor Derry , Dezecache Guillaume , Davila‐Ross Marina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHuman vocal ontogeny is considered to be a process whereby a large repertoire of discrete sounds seemingly emerges from a smaller number of acoustically graded vocalizations. While adult chimpanzee vocal behavior is highly graded, its developmental trajectory is poorly understood. In the present study, we therefore examined the size and structure of the chimpanzee vocal repertoire at different stages of ontogeny. Audio recordings were collected on infant (N = 13) and juvenile (N = 13) semi‐wild chimpanzees at Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage, Zambia, using focal and ad libitum sampling. All observed call types were acoustically measured. These were predominantly grunts, whimpers, laughs, screams, hoos, and barks and squeaks. A range of spectral and temporal acoustic parameters were extracted, and fuzzy c‐means clustering was used to quantify the size and structure of the repertoire. The infant and juvenile vocal repertoires were both best described with the same number of clusters. However, compared to infants, juvenile call clusters were less distinct from one another and could be extracted only when a low level of overlap between call clusters was permitted. Moreover, the acoustic overlap between call clusters was significantly higher for juveniles. Overall, this pattern shows greater acoustic overlap in juvenile vocalizations compared to infants, suggesting a trend toward increased acoustic gradation in chimpanzee vocal ontogeny. This may imply in contrast to humans, chimpanzees become increasingly proficient in using graded signals effectively rather than developing a larger repertoire of more discrete sounds in ontogeny.
Headfirst descent behaviors in a comparative sample of strepsirrhine primates
Authors: Perchalski Bernadette 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ability to safely ascend and descend is critical to the success of arboreal animals. Nonprimate mammals typically descend supports headfirst aided by their claws, but primates must rely on grasping, and use a variety of behaviors to move down within an arboreal environment, including headfirst and tailfirst descending. This study assesses hypothesized body mass limits on vertical headfirst descent and identifies approximate support orientations and diameters at which headfirst descent is ceased in a sample of nine strepsirrhines species ranging in mass from 0.06 to 4.5 kg. Species under 1 kg, arboreal quadrupeds Cheirogaleus medius and Microcebus murinus, and slow climber Nycticebus pygmaeus, always descended supports headfirst regardless of orientation and diameter as long as a grasp could be established. Arboreal quadrupedal species above 1 kg, Daubetonia madagascariensis, Eulemur coronatus, Eulemur mongoz, Lemur catta, and Varecia variegata differed in the orientation at which they ceased using headfirst descent and the types of alternative descending behaviors they employed. Lemur catta, a highly terrestrial species, started to employ tailfirst descents at 45° and completely stopped using headfirst descent on steeper and thicker supports. Other arboreal quadrupeds, D. madagascariensis, E. coronatus, E. mongoz, and V. variegata, began using tailfirst descent at 60°. The vertical clinging and leaping species Propithecus coquereli rarely engaged in above branch quadrupedalism, and individuals were observed using tailfirst descents on supports as shallow as 15°. This study shows the ways in which mass and anatomy may constrain use of headfirst descent through arboreal environments, and the alternate strategies strepsirrhine primates employ to descend.
A Syringe‐Based DNAzyme Sensor for Bacterial Detection
Authors: Esmaeili Samani Sahar , McConnell Erin M. , Chang Dingran , Rothenbroker Meghan , Filipe Carlos D. M. , Li Yingfu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present a simple approach for bacterial detection that uses a bead‐bound RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme (RcD) and a syringe. The RcD used in this study, F‐EC1, is fluorescently labelled and can be specifically activated by a protein target released specifically by E. coli. Upon immobilization on agarose beads, the kinetic behaviour of F‐EC1 remains similar to that in solution. The F‐EC1‐agarose system was able to detect as few as 1,000 CFUs of E. coli and retained high recognition specificity. A syringe‐based biosensor was subsequently designed, where F‐EC1‐bearing agarose beads were loaded onto a filter‐containing column. Upon incubation with an E. coli containing reaction mixture, the cleavage fragment released from the beads was filtered onto a nitrocellulose paper to be detected. The sensor was used to achieve the detection of E. coli in water, milk, and apple juice. This method is cost‐effective, simple to use, and can be adapted to other ligand‐responsive RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes.
Knowledge order in an online knowledge community: Group heterogeneity and two paths mediated by group interaction
Authors: Qiu Jiangnan , Zuo Min , Wang Jingxian , Cai Chengjie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractKnowledge order in an online knowledge community (OKC) refers to a consensual version of collective knowledge in the creation of shared knowledge representation. Much previous research has been conducted in the context of the ordered structure of objective knowledge systems, but this does little to explain the microlevel order of knowledge after users contribute knowledge and achieve consensus through online interactions in OKC. Based on interactive team cognition theory and the stigmergy coordination mechanism, our research aims to investigate how knowledge and experience heterogeneity affect knowledge order effectiveness and efficiency through collaborative and communicative interaction. To test our hypotheses, we randomly collected the records of 250 articles from the English version of Wikipedia. Partial least squares structural equation modeling indicated that OKC favoring online collective knowledge order by limiting communicative interaction, as collaborative interaction is very effective in achieving knowledge order and in achieving it in a fast way. From our findings, scholars and practitioners are advised to pay attention to online knowledge order in the management and design of OKC.
Manganese: What Goes Around Comes Around
Authors: Leeds Ali , DeFolo Kim 
Published: April 2021

Key TakeawaysThe complex chemistry of manganese makes optimizing its removal in surface water treatment plants challenging, particularly if a facility is zero‐liquid discharge or if it recycles significant portions of its process washwater.Concentrations of manganese fractions across treatment and solids‐handling processes must be understood for optimal removal.Efforts to optimize treatment for a specific contaminant such as manganese must account for any effects on other unit processes.
Structural connectivity networks in Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy body disease
Authors: Baik Kyoungwon , Yang Jin‐Ju , Jung Jin Ho , Lee Yang Hyun , Chung Seok Jong , Yoo Han Soo , Sohn Young H. , Lee Phil Hyu , Lee Jong‐Min , Ye Byoung Seok 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluated disruption of the white matter (WM) network related with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD), which includes Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.MethodsWe consecutively recruited 37 controls and 77 patients with AD‐related cognitive impairment (ADCI) and/or LBD‐related cognitive impairment (LBCI). Diagnoses of ADCI and LBCI were supported by amyloid PET and dopamine transporter PET, respectively. There were 22 patients with ADCI, 19 patients with LBCI, and 36 patients with mixed ADCI/LBCI. We investigated the relationship between ADCI, LBCI, graph theory‐based network measures on diffusion tensor images, and cognitive dysfunction using general linear models after controlling for age, sex, education, deep WM hyperintensities (WMH), periventricular WMH, and intracranial volume.ResultsLBCI, especially mixed with ADCI, was associated with increased normalized path length and decreased normalized global efficiency. LBCI was related to the decreased nodal degree of left caudate, which was further associated with broad cognitive dysfunction. Decreased left caudate nodal degree was associated with decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the brain regions vulnerable to LBD. Compared with the control group, the LBCI group had an increased betweenness centrality in the occipital nodes, which was associated with decreased FA in the WM adjacent to the striatum and visuospatial dysfunction.ConclusionConcomitant ADCI and LBCI are associated with the accentuation of LBCI‐related WM network disruption centered in the left caudate nucleus. The increase of occipital betweenness centrality could be a characteristic biologic change associated with visuospatial dysfunction in LBCI.
Interim and end‐of‐treatment PET‐CT suffers from high false‐positive rates in DLBCL: Biopsy is needed prior to treatment decisions
Authors: Tokola Susanna , Kuitunen Hanne , Turpeenniemi‐Hujanen Taina , Kuittinen Outi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe application of positron emission tomography (PET)‐computed tomography (CT) in treatment response evaluation has increased in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), although its predictive value is controversial. We retrospectively analyzed the rate of false‐positive PET‐CTs performed as interim (n = 94) and end‐of‐treatment (n = 8) assessments among 102 DLBCL patients treated during 2010–2017 at Oulu University Hospital. In PET‐CT Deauville score ≥4 was regarded as positive. A biopsy was performed on 35 patients, and vital lymphoma tissue was detected from nine patients. Positive biopsy findings were associated with poor disease outcomes in this study. This difference was statistically significant: 2‐year failure‐free survival (FFS) was 44% in patients with a positive biopsy versus 83% for those with a negative biopsy (p = 0.003). The corresponding overall survival (OS) rates were 53% versus 95% (p = 0.010). In the multivariate analyses, a negative biopsy was an independent protective factor in FFS (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.093 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.017–0.511); p = 0.006) unrelated to the International Prognostic Index (IPI) (HR 1.139 [95% CI 0.237–5.474] p = 0.871) or stage (HR 1.365 [95% CI 0.138–13.470]; p = 0.790). There was no statistically significant difference in OS according to the PET results, but the FFS rate was significantly higher in patients with a negative PET. The value of PET‐CT as an evaluation method suffers from a high false‐positive rate, and it is inadequate alone for the justification of treatment decisions. Biopsy results provide more reliable prognostic information for the evaluation of treatment response and outcome and should be used to assess patients with positive PET‐CT scans.
Mantle cell lymphoma involving the thyroid gland
Authors: Pongas Georgios N , Alderuccio Juan Pablo , Chapman Jennifer R. , Lossos Izidore S 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) rarely involves thyroid gland. Positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET‐CT) may be critical in identifying thyroid involvement by MCL and pursuing further work up of the suspicious thyroid lesions, irrespective of the thyroid function tests.
Effect of Cobalt Doping on Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance of Nanosilicon
Authors: Nulu Arunakumari , Nulu Venugopal , Sohn Keun Yong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Keun Yong Sohn and co‐workers at Gimhae, Gyeongnam (Korea). The cover picture shows the successful doping of conductive cobalt into silicon nanoparticles as a negative electrode for lithium‐ion rechargeable batteries. The doped cobalt effectively suppresses the structural changes of the silicon nanoparticles and facilitates lithium‐ion diffusion kinetics, thus resulting in superior rate capability and high specific energy capacity with long‐term cyclic stability, which can potentially be used for future energy storage applications. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202001533.
Experimental and Model‐Based Analysis of Electrolyte Intrusion Depth in Silver‐Based Gas Diffusion Electrodes
Authors: Franzen David , Krause Christian , Turek Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe electrolyte distribution is a central point of discussion for understanding the processes inside gas‐diffusion electrodes (GDE) for the oxygen reduction reaction in highly alkaline media. During first radiographic operando synchrotron experiments, the liquid electrolyte was located, however, the through‐plane distribution remains unclear. Therefore, model electrodes consisting of nickel and silver layers are developed to determine the electrolyte intrusion depth. Nickel‐based GDEs are modified to achieve a pore system morphology suitable for the oxygen reduction reaction and subsequently coated with silver‐PTFE catalyst layers. These graded electrodes form gas‐diffusion (nickel) and reaction (silver) layers. The electrodes performance is determined under industrial conditions (80 °C, 30 wt % NaOH electrolyte) as a function of the silver layer thickness and thus of the effective intrusion depth of the electrolyte. The model‐based analysis confirms the experimental determined intrusion depths. Nevertheless, additional operando tomography measurements would help to further improve the understanding of the processes inside GDE.
Organic Positive Materials for Magnesium Batteries: A Review
Authors: Tran Ngoc‐Anh , Do Van Thanh Nhan , Le My Loan Phung 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMagnesium batteries, like lithium‐ion batteries, with higher abundance and similar efficiency, have drawn great interest for large‐scale applications such as electric vehicles, grid energy storage and many more. On the other hand, the use of organic electrode materials allows high energy‐performance, metal‐free, environmentally friendly, versatile, lightweight, and economically efficient magnesium storage devices. In particular, the structural diversity and the simple activity of organic molecules make redox properties, and hence battery efficiency, easy to monitor. While organic magnesium batteries still in their infancy, this field becomes more and more promising because significant results were reported. To summarize the achievements in studies on organic cathodes for magnesium systems, their synthesis is discussed, combined with electrode design to provide the basis for controlling the electrochemical properties. Moreover, the techniques to synthesize organic materials with high‐yield are mentioned. Finally, potential problems and prospects are explored to further improve organic cathodes.
Statistical profiling reveals correlations between the cell response to and the primary structure of Rho‐GAPs
Authors: Kang Na , Matsui Tsubasa S. , Deguchi Shinji 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRho‐GTPase‐activating proteins (Rho‐GAPs) are essential upstream regulators of the Rho family of GTPases. Currently, it remains unclear if the phenotypic change caused by perturbations to a Rho‐GAP is predictable from its amino acid sequence. Here we analyze the relationship between the morphological response of cells to the silencing of Rho‐GAPs and their primary structure. For all possible pairs of 57 different Rho‐GAPs expressed in MCF10A epithelial cells, the similarity in the Rho‐GAP silencing‐induced morphological change was quantified and compared to the similarity in the primary structure of the corresponding pairs. We found a distinct correlation between the morphological and sequence similarities in a specific group of RhoA‐targeting Rho‐GAPs. Thus, the family‐wide analysis revealed a common feature shared by the specific Rho‐GAPs.
Development of a culturally sensitive narrative intervention to promote genetic counseling among African American women at risk for hereditary breast cancer
Authors: Henderson Vida , Chukwudozie Ifeanyi Beverly , Comer‐Hagans DeLawnia , Coffey Vickii , Grumbach Giesela , Spencer Shirley , Rodgers Carolyn , Kaur Ravneet , Newsome Jennifer , Balay Lara , Maga Tara , Kendall Le’Chaun , Balthazar Catherine , Watson Karriem , Winn Robert , Odoms‐Young Angela , Hoskins Kent F. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUNDAfrican American women with hereditary breast cancer risk are less likely to undergo genetic counseling and testing compared with non‐Hispanic White women. Inequities in the use of precision cancer care are likely to exacerbate racial disparities in cancer outcomes. A culturally sensitive multimedia narrative intervention was developed to motivate African American women at risk for hereditary breast cancer to engage in genetic counseling.METHODSDevelopment of the intervention was grounded in the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction using a phenomenological, deductive approach and employed multiple qualitative methods for data collection, including 1‐on‐1 interviews and story circles with members of the target audience to identify salient themes and lived experiences. Focus group testing was then conducted with members of the group of focus, primary care providers, and community stakeholders.RESULTSSix themes that mapped to the theoretical model were identified. Lived experiences were abstracted from story circle data to create a narrative storyline. Educational content and motivational messaging derived from the 6 themes were embedded into the script. Focus group testing with stakeholder groups was used to refine the intervention. Testing of the final multimedia narrative with focus groups indicated that the intervention was culturally sensitive and authentic, and the messaging was effective.CONCLUSIONSMultiple qualitative data collection methods and a robust theoretical framework of health behavior were key elements for this study to develop a culturally sensitive, narrative intervention that reflects lived experiences and motivates underserved African American women with hereditary breast cancer risk to engage in genetic counseling. This strategy can be applied to mitigate racial inequities in the use of other genomic approaches for personalizing cancer care.