bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profile of Daughters and Sisters of Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Role of Proband’s Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Harnois-Leblanc Soren , Hernandez Maria Isabel , Codner Ethel , Cassorla Fernando , Oberfield Sharon E , Leibel Natasha I , Mathew Revi P , Ten Svetlana , Magoffin Denis A , Lane Christianne J , Goran Michael I , Azziz Ricardo , Baillargeon Jean-Patrice , Geller David H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Context
First-degree relatives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) present hormonal and metabolic alterations compared to girls unrelated to PCOS. It is unknown whether glucose intolerance in the PCOS proband confers a more severe metabolic predisposition on their first-degree relatives.

Objective
To determine whether glucose tolerance status in women with PCOS is associated with worsened glucose metabolism and sex hormone levels in their peripubertal daughters or sisters.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Seven academic centers in North America, South America, and Europe.

Patients
Sixty-four pairs of women with PCOS and their daughters or younger sisters aged between 8 and 14 years were recruited. Twenty-five mothers or older sisters with PCOS were glucose intolerant (GI) and 39 were normal glucose tolerant (NGT).

Main Outcome Measures
Beta-cell function estimated by the insulin secretion-sensitivity index-2 (ISSI-2) during an oral glucose tolerance test and by the disposition index during a frequently sampled IV glucose tolerance test. Free testosterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels.

Results
Being related to a GI PCOS proband was associated with a lower ISSI-2 (P-value = 0.032) after adjusting for ethnicity, body mass index z-score, and pubertal stage. They also had higher free testosterone (P-value = 0.011) and 17-OHP levels compared to girls with an NGT proband, the latter becoming significant after adjusting for confounders (P-value = 0.040).

Conclusions
Compared to first-degree female relatives of women with PCOS and NGT, first-degree relatives of women with PCOS and GI display lower beta-cell function and hyperandrogenemia, putting them at higher risk of GI and PCOS development.
What lies beyond 100 years of insulin
Authors: Hooper Kirsty M. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
It has been 100 years since the discovery of insulin. This revolutionary treatment saves the lives of millions of people living with diabetes, but much remains to be understood of its mechanisms and roles in homeostasis and disease. To celebrate this centenary, we explore areas of ongoing insulin research in diabetes, metabolic syndrome and beyond. Disease Models & Mechanisms aims to publish high-quality basic and pre-clinical research that advances our understanding of these conditions to facilitate clinical and public health impact.
Communication with self, friends and foes in active-sensing animals
Authors: Jones Te K. , Allen Kathryne M. , Moss Cynthia F. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTAnimals that rely on electrolocation and echolocation for navigation and prey detection benefit from sensory systems that can operate in the dark, allowing them to exploit sensory niches with few competitors. Active sensing has been characterized as a highly specialized form of communication, whereby an echolocating or electrolocating animal serves as both the sender and receiver of sensory information. This characterization inspires a framework to explore the functions of sensory channels that communicate information with the self and with others. Overlapping communication functions create challenges for signal privacy and fidelity by leaving active-sensing animals vulnerable to eavesdropping, jamming and masking. Here, we present an overview of active-sensing systems used by weakly electric fish, bats and odontocetes, and consider their susceptibility to heterospecific and conspecific jamming signals and eavesdropping. Susceptibility to interference from signals produced by both conspecifics and prey animals reduces the fidelity of electrolocation and echolocation for prey capture and foraging. Likewise, active-sensing signals may be eavesdropped, increasing the risk of alerting prey to the threat of predation or the risk of predation to the sender, or drawing competition to productive foraging sites. The evolutionary success of electrolocating and echolocating animals suggests that they effectively counter the costs of active sensing through rich and diverse adaptive behaviors that allow them to mitigate the effects of competition for signal space and the exploitation of their signals.
Assessment of the impact of heart failure on household economic well-being: a protocol
Authors: Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai , Ganapathi Sanjay , Reethu Salim , Bahl Ajay , Katageri Anand , Mishra Animesh , Alex Anoop George , Roy Bhavesh , Mohan Bishav , Joshi Hasit , Abdullakutty Jabir , Paul Justin , Rai Maneesh , Manjunath Cholenahally , Negi Prakash C. , Rajasekhar Durgaprasad , Sethi Rishi , Routray Satyanarayan , Shanmugasundaram Radhakrishnan , Padhi Sumanta Shekhar , Reddy P Shyam Sunder , Jeemon Panniyammakal 
Published: November 2021

Background: Heart failure (HF), which is an emerging public health issue, adversely affects the strained health system in India. The adverse impact of HF on the economic well-being has been narrated in various anecdotal reports from India, with affected individuals and their dependents pushed into the vicious cycle of poverty. There is limited research quantifying how HF impacts the economic well-being of households from low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We describe the methods of a detailed economic impact assessment of HF at the household level in India. The study will be initiated across 20 hospitals in India, which are part of the National heart Failure Registry (NHFR). The selected centres represent different regions in India, stratified based on the prevailing stages of epidemiological transition levels (ETLs). We will collect data from 1800 patients with acute decompensated HF and within 6-15 months follow-up from the time of initial admission. The data that we intend to collect will consist of a) household healthcare expenditure including out-of-pocket expenditure, b) financing mechanisms used by households and (c) the impoverishing effects of health expenditures including distress financing and catastrophic health expenditure. Trained staff at each centre will collect data by using a validated and structured interview schedule. The study will have 80% power to detect an 8% difference in the proportion of households experiencing catastrophic health expenditures between two ETL groups. After considering a non-response rate of 5%, the target sample size is approximately 600 patients from each group and the total sample size is 1800 patients. Potential Impact: Our study will provide information on catastrophic health spending, distress financing and household expenditure in heart failure patients. Our findings will help policy makers in understanding the micro-economic impact of HF in India and aid in allocation of appropriate resources for prevention and control of HF.
Archives and planning for sustainable development models of reality: case study in the archival service of the wilaya of Constantine
Authors: Abada Chahrazed , Delhoum Intissar 
Published: November 2021

Interest in archives emerged mainly since the French Revolution. Much more attention was paid to historical documents, especially for their cultural and historical role. In the United States, during the Second World War, attention was much more focused on administrative archives, thanks to Schellenberg's theory of the three ages (1956), which gave a wider opportunity to the application of Archives.In addition, the archive centers have an important role in the administrative processes and in the planning of the various development projects based on the new technologies.On the other hand, sustainable development is defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It is based on a long-term vision that takes into account the indivisibility of the environmental, social and economic dimensions of development activities. And archives are an indispensable tool for improving the political, economic and administrative management of a country.The adoption of good archival management systems makes it possible to quickly find the documents needed to make decisions in an appropriate time, thus improving the efficiency of the administration. Accordingly, the good management of archival documents has a financial impact on administrative efficiency, highlighting the studies and experiments already carried out, rather than repeating them. This saves time, money and work. In contrast, Loss or destruction of archival documents can cause political, administrative, or legal management difficulties and thus harm the state.We adopted the descriptive method in addition to conducting interviews with officials in the department in the purpose of collecting the necessary data to discover the extent to which archives contribute in planning sustainable development. We reached,at the end, the conviction that the creation of guidance documents is vital to activate the role of archives in this context.
AUGMENTED REALITY AS A POWERFUL MARKETING TOOL
Authors: Gabajová Gabriela , Krajčovič Martin , Furmannová Beáta , Matys Marián , Biňasová Vladimíra , Stárek Marián 
Published: November 2021

Today's market is oversaturated with new technologies that are slowly moving through our daily routine. Businesses often have to pursue new strategies to reach new customers and retain existing ones. Popular technologies of today undoubtedly include virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). The application of augmented reality in the field of trade, marketing, promotion of products and services has its own potential and justification. A questionnaire survey of the current state of AR utilization in companies of Central Slovakia shows that the interest in the use of this technology exists in this area, although in practice it is implemented rather rarely. However, a suitable design solution and the worldwide trend of smartphone use can help to achieve the goal of greater implementation. The design of the methodology for the use of AR in the field of marketing consist of a sequence of several basic steps. Verification of the proposed methodology is carried out on a practical example by creating a real mobile application using augmented reality to promote the selected product. The final mobile application includes several attractive features for the end-user which can be accessed through a smartphone and displayed in augmented reality. Such a mobile application in augmented reality provides the company with a powerful marketing tool, but it also has its limitations.
WILLINGNESS OF PROFESSIONALS WORKING IN SPECIALIZED HOSPITALS AND SOCIAL SERVICES TO WORK WITH PATIENTS AND CONSUMERS SUFFERING FROM MENTAL ILLNESSES
Authors: Konstantinova Draganova Daniela , Stancheva Angelova-Barbolova Nikolina 
Published: November 2021

At the current level of development in psychiatry, in the conditions of deinstitutionalization of mental health services and increased opportunities for control of the symptoms of mental disorders, the problem related to the socialization of patients is becoming more and more relevant. More than 50% of patients with schizophrenia are in a socially active age, which gives rise to the social significance of their rehabilitation.
International practice shows that all specialists dealing with the rehabilitation of patients with mental disorders need to undergo training, which includes the adoption of special methods and techniques. Their work is complex, long and creative.
In Bulgaria there are many national strategies that present different programs for long-term care or only analyze the current situation and care needs. There is no clear vision of how exactly in the future and with what means and specialists this process will take place. The development of psychiatric care lags far behind the needs of the population. There is a serious risk that the lack of trained specialists can ruin the good intentions for deinstitutionalization.
The goal of the present study is to examine the readiness of specialists working in specialized medical institutions and social services to work with patients and users suffering from mental illness.
A survey method was used among specialists from medical institutions and social services for patients with mental and behavioral disorders.
Most of the specialists in psychiatric hospitals in Bulgaria feel prepared to work with the mentally ill - 88.9%;
Almost everyone believes that they need additional training.
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE AGAINST RABIES VIRUS AMONG CANINE DONORS IN A ROMANIAN BLOOD BANK
Authors: Ionescu Teodor-Stefan , Dan Marius , Cobzariu Dragos , Baraitareanu Stelian , Danes Doina 
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION: Seventy-six samples were collected from sixteen canine blood donors at every blood donation performed in accord with the canine donor selection guidelines. Statistical analysis of ELISA OD values revealed no significant variation of anti-rabies antibodies values during repeat donations. Our results support the statement that blood donation does not affect the immune status of donors.
OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to assess the immune status against rabies among the canine blood donors in a Romanian canine blood bank
METHODS: Serum samples (n=76) were collected from pet owned dogs (n=16) recorded in the blood bank register of a Romanian blood bank were performed with the immunological status of the investigated canine blood donors was evaluated using the indirect ELISA commercial kit PLATELIA RABIES II (BIO-RAD, France) as per the manufacturer's instructions
RESULTS: The overall picture of ELISA OD results revealed non-significant variation between and within D1-D6 groups of values (p>0.05, F<Fcrit).
CONCLUSION: The next studies topic would be to compare the results provided by the ELISA technology with FAVN.
C-REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVELS - INDICATOR FOR PROGNOSIS OF SPONTANEOUS PRETERM BIRTH IN BULGARIAN WOMEN
Authors: Koleva-Korkelia Iliana , Karamalakova Yanka 
Published: November 2021

It is estimated that every year fifteen million premature babies are born worldwide mainly due to spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). Furthermore, in clinical settings, there still are no reliable and accurate tools to predict preterm labor. Hence, the aim of this pioneering research was to estimate the relationship between the maternal inflammatory indicator and sPTB in a case-control study between 220 South Bulgarian women. The study was conducted at UMBAL, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria (2017-2020) and enrolled a total of 220 women, determined into two groups: 1) TB (n = 110), who were to give birth at term ≥ 37 to ≤ 39 + 6 gestation weeks with active labor at the time of hospitalization; and 2) sPTB (n = 110), women with preterm birth ≤ 32–34 + 6 gestation weeks and declared active labor, who were to give birth within 5-24 hrs. The inflammatory indicators/CRP concentration was quantified in plasma by immunoturbidimetric methods within 2 hrs. in mg/l. The median maternal CRP (8.77 ± 3.91), with cutoff = 4.9 mg/l was identified as optimal inflammation with highest risk of sPTB (sensitivity = 86.6%; specificity = 53.7%, р < 0.0001). Moreover, a cutoff CRP = 4.9 mg/l was found to be most effective in determining maternal age ≤ 19 years, the sensitivity of 68.6%, and positively correlated OR = 8.122 vs. OR = 2.354, with increased total sPTB risk at ≤ 32-34 + 6 weeks, respectively (p < 0.001).
In conclusion, increased CRP concentrations and a decreased maternal age were associated with increased risks of sPTB, before ≤ 32-34 + 6 weeks. Minimal inflammation and other factors in combination may also act as sPTB prognosis.
PREVALENCE OF PREMENSTRUAL SYMPTOMS AMONG BULGARIAN WOMEN
Authors: Popova-Dobreva Diana 
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION: Premenstrual symptoms are common and can worsen women's quality of life. This study examines the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms such as weight gain; swelling of ankles, feet, and hands; frequent change of mood; fatigue; difficulty concentrating; depression; nervousness and irritability; and nausea.
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study are: (1) to reveal the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms among Bulgarian women and (2) to establish how the presence of premenstrual symptoms affects the Emotional well-being of women.
METHODS: The applied methodology includes an online-based anonymous study, which focuses on the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms among Bulgarian women and their emotional health. A characteristic of the studied contingent on age, BMI, and physical activity was made.
RESULTS: The results of 126 women surveyed were analyzed. Of these, 96.8% have at least one premenstrual symptom. 30.2% have one or two symptoms, 43.7% have 3-4 symptoms and 23% have 5-8 symptoms. 14.8% of women with symptoms reported worsening of their symptoms because of increased stress associated with COVID-19. There is a statistically significant correlation between the number of symptoms and the emotional well-being of women.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of premenstrual symptoms is common among the studied Bulgarian women. A greater number of symptoms has a negative effect on women's emotional well-being. We consider it appropriate to introduce the application of physiotherapeutic methods as well as alternative therapies for the treatment and prevention of premenstrual syndrome.
INFLUENCE OF INTEREST GROUPS IN LATVIA ON CENTRALIZATION
Authors: Pūķis Māris , Seimuškāne Lilita 
Published: November 2021

Latvia has experienced four administrative-territorial reforms in 30 years. In 1989, local and regional elections were the first democratic elections in Latvia since 1934. From 1990 to 1992, self-governments were the main authority for re-establishing national independence and transforming the country from totalitarianism to democracy. The transformation process starts with wide decentralization, including substantial fiscal decentralization and substantial administrative decentralization.
The first reform was the centralization (1994) of Rīga city government (1 self-government instead of a two-tier system, with 6 district local governments and 1 city local government). The second reform abolished elections in 26 regional councils (1998) and replaced them by delegates from local governments. The third reform (2009) was abolishing regional governments and reducing the number of local governments 5 times. The fourth reform will be implemented after June 5 2021, and its content is reduction of the number of municipalities 3 times. Therefore, from 596 local and regional governments in 1990s, Latvia will only have 42 local governments.
All those reforms were directed towards centralization. Official goals of public administration reforms can differ from real intents of pressure groups, who impact ruling political parties and central government decisions. The paper aims to analyze reforms depending on pressure groups, who believe in benefits from centralization. Methods of policy analysis and grouping of statistics about administrative territories are used.
They provided research shows that real goals of all four reforms were an expression of political competition. Dominating interest groups in each case have conflicting interests. Previous reforms facilitated emigration and peripheries effect, while the positive impact on regional development is not achieved. The impact of the last reform will largely depend on the results of the next parliamentary election of 2022.
Chest compression efficacy of child resuscitators
Authors: Lau Tiffany Wai Shan , Lim Anthony Robert , Len Kyra Anne , Yamamoto Loren Gene 
Published: November 2021

Background: Chest compression efficacy determines blood flow in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and relies on body mechanics, so resuscitator weight matters. Individuals of insufficient weight are incapable of generating a sufficient downward chest compression force using traditional methods. Aims: This study investigated how a resuscitator's weight affects chest compression efficacy, determined the minimum weight required to perform chest compressions and, for children and adults below this minimum weight, examine alternate means to perform chest compressions. Methods: Volunteers aged 8 years and above were enrolled to perform video-recorded, music-facilitated, compression-only CPR on an audible click-confirming manikin for 2 minutes, following brief training. Subjects who failed this proceeded to alternate modalities: chest compressions by jumping on the lower sternum; and squat-bouncing (bouncing the buttocks on the chest). These methods were assessed via video review. Findings: There were 57 subjects. The 30 subjects above 40kg were all able to complete nearly 200 compressions in 2 minutes. Success rates declined in those who weighed less than 40kg. Below 30 kg, only one subject (29.9 kg weight) out of 14 could achieve 200 effective compressions. Nearly all of the 23 subjects who could not perform conventional chest compressions were able to achieve effective chest compressions using alternate methods. Conclusion: A weight below 40kg resulted in a declining ability to perform standard chest compressions effectively. For small resuscitators, the jumping and squat-bouncing methods resulted in sufficient compressions most of the time; however, chest recoil and injuries are concerns.