bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Hesperidin, Chrysin, and Naringenin on Somatic Cell Count in Mastitis Dairy Cows After Multiple Intramammary Administration
Authors: Burmańczuk Artur , Wojciechowska Beata , Gbylik-Sikorska Małgorzata , Gajda Anna , Markiewicz Włodzimierz , Sosin Ewa , Grabowski Tomasz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hesperidin (HE), chrysin (CH) and naringenin (NA) are flavonoids, being the most important group of polyphenols, and show anti-inflammatory properties which have been demonstrated on various models. Polyphenols have a lot of biological properties, such as antioxidative, antiviral, immunomodulatory and anticancer activities. However, the effect on mastitis has not been yet described. This research aimed to analyse the tolerability of selected polyphenols after multiple intramammary administrations (IMM) as well as to investigate their potential impact on somatic cell count (SCC) in mastitis dairy cows. The study was performed on 12 Polish Holstein Blackand- White cows in their 4th to 6th lactation. Only animals with inflammation in one-quarter of the udder were selected. The selection was based on SCC and clinical assessment. The experiment was performed with multiple intramammary administrations with each of these polyphenols in dairy cows affected with mastitis. Polyphenols were administered at a dose of 30 mg/quarter/day. Milk samples for SCC, blood plasma samples for pharmacokinetics and blood haematology and biochemistry (selected blood parameters were tested) were collected at baseline, treatment period and within the recovery period. Positive effects concerning the SCC in milk of mastitic cows were confirmed for all tested polyphenols.
Epigenetic states of genes controlling immune responsiveness in bovine chronic mastitis
Authors: Semik-Gurgul Ewelina , Ząbek Tomasz , Kawecka-Grochocka Ewelina , Zalewska Magdalena , Kościuczuk Ewa , Bagnicka Emilia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Mastitis is a common disease in dairy cows, causing substantial economic losses. The leading cause of elevated milk somatic cell count (SC), which is the best indicator for detecting mastitis, is the invasion of pathogens. A major pathogen responsible for bovine mastitis is Staphylococcus aureus, a member of the coagulase-positive staphylococci. Some strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci can also be a cause of clinical or subclinical mastitis. Our study used bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) to detect the methylation status of nine candidate genes (CCL2, HCK, F11R, CD8A, PDIA3, LGMN, HSPA1A, IL18 and NFKBIA). We investigated the mechanisms associated with overexpression of these genes, in the mammary gland secretory tissue of cows diagnosed with mastitis and infected with coagulase-positive or coagulase-negative staphylococci. The results showed no changes at the DNA methylation level between the mastitis (CoPS and CoNS) and control groups (H), except for in the HCK region, where the observed differences between the CoPS and H groups were statistically significant. The low methylation level of the CpG sequence seems not to correspond to the previously observed increased activity of these genes, suggesting that mechanisms other than DNA methylation may control mRNA expression at the analyzed loci.
Temporal Trends in Performance and Hatchability Traits of Eight Strains of Hens Covered by the Gene Pool Protection Programme in Poland
Authors: Obrzut Joanna , Calik Jolanta , Krawczyk Józefa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine trends in performance and hatchability traits of eight strains of hens that have been covered by the gene pool protection programme in Poland over ten years/generations. The study involved conservation populations of laying hens: Greenleg Partridge (Z-11), Yellowleg Partridge (Ż-33), Sussex (S-66), Leghorn (H-22, G99), Rhode Island Red (R-11, K-22) and Rhode Island White (A-33), which were maintained at the Experimental Station of the National Research Institute of Animal Production in Chorzelów. The following productive traits were analysed for each population: body weight at 20 wk (g), egg weight at 33 and 53 wk, sexual maturity and number of eggs laid per hen up to 56 wk of age. Mortality and culling were also recorded during rearing and production periods. Furthermore, effective population size (Ne) and inbreeding coefficient in the population (Fx) were calculated for each strain. The analysis of the performance results of the eight strains of hens and their trends indicate that the methods of conservation breeding adopted for these populations enable effective implementation of the conservation programme. The strains were found to differ in all the performance traits subjected to evaluation. Over the 10 generations, the strains examined showed high survival and hatchability parameters during both rearing and production periods. The currently used random mating system proved effective to prevent the populations from an increase of inbreeding. However, a worrying downward trend in body weight was observed in some strains.
Selected metabolic, epigenetic, nitration and redox parameters in turkeys fed diets with different levels of arginine and methionine
Authors: Całyniuk Zuzanna , Mikulski Dariusz , Krauze Magdalena , Ognik Katarzyna , Jankowski Jan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The amino acid guidelines formulated by British United Turkeys postulate higher levels of lysine (Lys) in turkey diets than those recommended by the National Research Council. However, any modifications in the Lys content of turkey diets should be accompanied by changes in the inclusion rates of other amino acids, including methionine (Met) and arginine (Arg). The research hypothesis postulates that the appropriate inclusion levels and ratios of arginine and methionine in turkey diets with high lysine content can improve the antioxidant status of turkeys without compromising their metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different Arg and Met ratios in Lys-rich diets on biochemical indicators, redox status and epigenetic changes in turkeys. The turkeys were assigned to six groups with eight replicates per group and 18 birds per replicate. Six feeding programs, with three dietary Arg levels (90%, 100% and 110%) and two dietary Met levels (30% and 45%) relative to dietary Lys content were compared. During each of the four feeding phases, birds were fed ad libitum isocaloric diets with high Lys content. Our results show that in growing turkeys fed diets with high Lys content, the inclusion rate of Arg can be set at 90% of Lys content with no negative effects on their antioxidant status, metabolism or performance. Diets with high Arg content (110% Lys) are not recommended due to the risk of lipid and protein damage, and an undesirable increase in insulin and T4 levels. Regardless of dietary Arg levels, an increase in the Met inclusion rate from 30% to 45% of Lys content minimizes the oxidation of lipids, proteins and DNA, and increases the antioxidant defense potential of turkeys.
Evaluation of green space systems in small towns of Kyiv region
Authors: Yukhnovskyi Vasyl Yu. , Zibtseva Olha V. , Debryniuk Iurii M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We analysed the current state of greening of small towns in the Kyiv region; small towns constitute 80% of all towns and cities in the region. A difference is shown to exist between the classification of green plantings that is used in Ukraine and the world-wide approach of green infrastructure. This makes it incorrect to compare the indicators of landscaping of towns in Ukraine against those of other countries. Based on the data of Master Plans of towns, the generally accepted indicators of landscaping of urban areas were calculated: provision of greenery per capita and level of landscaping. These indicators of landscaping for small towns were analysed according to different approaches. It is found that, according to the traditional calculation, the provision of green plantations exceeds 300 m2
per capita for only 5% of small towns of the region, but for 70% according to the approach of green infrastructure. The provision of green areas for public use meets the established state standards (8–11 m2
per capita) for only 35% of small towns in the region. Small towns are grouped into four clusters according to the similarity of landscaping indicators, where only the difference in the availability of green plantings of public use was unreliable among the clusters.
Recycling of municipal waste in Slovak cities
Authors: Škamlová Lucia , Klobučník Michal 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Among the most urgent topics within waste management policy is the gradual transition of the economy from a linear model towards a circular economy with a more sustainable way of using resources. The European Union has responded to these changes by passing new legislation and ambitious targets so that all member states can quickly work towards achieving a greener and more sustainable Europe. However, the starting position for achieving the desired goals differs significantly from one country to another. In this paper, we therefore looked at the position of Slovakia in relation to selected waste management indicators, and at the measures taken so far. Moreover, since waste management falls under one of the many public benefit services provided under the remit of local governments, we also monitored the specific contribution of Slovak cities to the newly established trend of waste management in the country.
Mapping paradigm shifts in the geography of innovation
Authors: Oláh Dániel , Alpek Levente Balázs 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe study quantifies important theoretical tendencies in the geography of innovation in a historical view based on a novel big-data approach. It shows that the field was “born” only in the nineteen eighties after long periods (i.e. the first half of the 20th century) of analysing economic growth and regional development without endogenising the production process of innovation. The paper presents important shifts in the basic assumptions of models with the increasing use of the terms “economic instability” or “asymmetric information” instead of “economic equilibrium” and “perfect information”. These mean a deviation from traditional neoclassical regional economics, which is reflected in the fact that “geography of innovation” gained the same level of popularity in the 2000s as “industrial geography”. The paper shows that although the decline of the Marshallian term “industrial district” stopped in parallel with the work of Becattini, a new innovation systems theory took over the relative frequency of mention of the industrial district by the turn of the new millennium.
Arbeitszeitbedarf von aktuellen Gruppenhaltungsverfahren des Wartebereichs in konventioneller Zuchtsauenhaltung in Österreich
Authors: Quendler Elisabeth , Kaufmann Robert , Schick Matthias 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der konventionellen Zuchtsauenhaltung ist es wichtig, die verfügbare Arbeitszeit so effizient wie möglich zu nutzen, um den größtmöglichen einzelbetrieblichen Erfolg unter Einhaltung rechtlicher Produktionsvorgaben sicherzustellen. Dies kann durch das Bereitstellen von aktuellen Planungsdaten in Form von Arbeitszeitbedarfswerten unterstützt werden. Ziel dieser Studie war daher, Arbeitszeitdaten von aktuellen Gruppenhaltungsverfahren des Wartebereichs in der konventionellen Zuchtsauenhaltung zu gene-rieren. Dafür wurden bei den Haltungsverfahren Kleingruppenhaltung mit Fressliegebucht und Großgruppenhaltung mit Abruf-station eine Datenerhebung mit mobiler Videotechnik und halbstandardisierten Fragebogen an vier landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben mit aktueller Technik durchgeführt. Mit den daraus gewonnenen Planzeiten wurden unter optimierten Bedingungen Betriebsmodelle erstellt, um für verschiedene Betriebsgrößen, den Arbeitszeitbedarf von Haltungsverfahren und Arbeitsvorgängen zu model-lieren und darzustellen. Beide Haltungsverfahren unterschieden sich teilweise im Arbeitszeitbedarf nach Arbeitsvorgängen sowie im Gesamtarbeitszeitbedarf bei verschiedenen modellierten Bestandsgrößen signifikant voneinander. Der Gesamtarbeitszeitbedarf im Wartebereich bei einer Bestandsgröße von 140 Zuchtsauen lag bei der Kleingruppe bei 3,58 AKh/Sau/Jahr und bei der Großgruppe bei 2,68 AKh/Sau/Jahr. Gegenüber Ergebnissen älterer Studien belegte sich der Trend einer Abnahme des Arbeitszeitbedarfs je Sau und Jahr. Diesen bedingte vorwiegend der technische Fortschritt, belegt über die Arbeitszeitbedarfsunterschiede nach eingesetzter Technik, und hiermit ermöglichten größeren Bestandsgrößen.
Ableitung der thermischen Bodenfunktionen anhand von Körnung und Porengrößenverteilung als Grundlage für In-situ-Vorhersagen des Bodenwärmehaushaltes
Authors: Horn Rainer , Lu Yili , Ren Tusheng , Horton Robert , Mordhorst Anneka , Fleige Heiner 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Zu den Beeinträchtigungen natürlicher Bodenfunktionen auf Leitungsbaustellen (wie z. B. zur Strom- und Fernwärmeversorgung) zählen neben Bodenstruktur- und Porenfunktionsstörungen auch Veränderungen der standortspezifisch variablen thermischhydraulischen Eigenschaften im Bereich der Leitungsgräben.
Auf der Grundlage der in der „KA5“ (Ad-hoc-AG Boden, 2005) zusammengestellten Werte der Porengrößenverteilung für die einzelnen Bodenarten lassen sich für unterschiedliche Trockenrohdichtebereiche mithilfe des mathematischen Modells von Xie et al. (2018) die volumetrische Wärmekapazität (C), Wärme- (λ) und Temperaturleitfähigkeit (k) in Abhängigkeit vom Matrixpotenzial (pF-Wert) berechnen. Diese berechneten Daten werden tabellarisch für das Bodenartenspektrum nach KA5 dargestellt sowie exemplarisch für ausgewählte Bodenarten (Sl3, Lt2, Tu3) und Klassenbereiche der Trockenrohdichte veranschaulicht.
Es zeigen sich die typischen Kurvenverläufe für C (linearer Anstieg), λ (zunehmend abflachender Anstieg) und k (Anstieg mit Umkehr zu negativer Steigung) und deren Zunahme mit steigender Trockenrohdichte (1,1–1,7 g cm−3). k variiert unter Berücksichtigung der Anteile aus Ton, Schluff und Sand innerhalb der Bodenarten. Hier unterscheiden sich die Kurvenverläufe zwischen geringer und hoher Trockenrohdichte beispielsweise stärker für „Sl3“ als für die feinkörnigere Bodenart „Tu3“. Mithilfe dieser Datensätze lassen sich u. a. Veränderungen des Wärmehaushaltes und der thermisch-hydraulischen Bodeneigenschaften bei Leitungsvorhaben vor Beginn der Baumaßnahmen prognostizieren, werden insbesondere Bodenart und Trockenrohdichte anhand von Bohrstockkartierungen auf diesen Standorten bestimmt.
The ketogenic diet: a co-therapy in the treatment of mood disorders and obesity - a case report
Authors: Pieklik Agata , Pawlaczyk Martyna , Rog Joanna , Karakuła-Juchnowicz Hanna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction: There has been a growing interest in the ketogenic diet (KD) due to its suggested therapeutic potential to support numerous chronic diseases. KD is characterized by high amounts of fats and a reduced amount of carbohydrates and protein intake. During following the nutrition protocol, ketones are synthesised, which are the primary source of energy. The elevated concentration of ketones in blood serum inhibits hunger, what leads to reduced body weight. Some authors suggest KD has antidepressant potential and could stabilise mood by affecting neurotransmitters homeostasis in the central nervous system.

Material and methods: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of KD on body weight reduction and improvement of mood in the patients with mood disorder diagnosis. To interpret the results of nutritional intervention, the laboratory parameters and structuralised scales and questionnaires were used.

Results: After following 4-week therapy, the reduction of body weight, correction of some laboratory measurements and reduction in mood symptoms were noticed.

Conclusions: The ketogenic diet affects the anthropometric measurements. However, a variety of simultaneous therapeutic approaches makes impossible determination of the effect on depressive symptoms.
When does schizophrenia really begin? - A case report confirming the neurodevelopmental theory of schizophrenia
Authors: Szarpak Julita , Ciejka Karol , Perczyńska Weronika , Flis Michał , Wróbel-Knybel Paulina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction: According to the neurodevelopmental theory, schizophrenia is a cognitive-behavioral manifestation of the non-physiological development of the CNS, which was caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors during its formation.

Aim, material and methodology: The aim of this article is to present a clinical case in which exposure to numerous adverse environmental factors in the pre and postnatal period could cause the development of schizophrenia in adulthood. The analysis of the clinical case and the medical records of a patient diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, suffering from numerous perinatal complications, was performed.

Case report: A woman, 23 years old, unmarried, studying at post-secondary school - archivistics. Currently, psychiatrically hospitalized for the second time. A patient from the first, twin, fraternal pregnancy. The delivery took place by caesarean section, complicated. In the APGAR scale, she scored 4 points in the 1st minute, and 6 points in the 3rd minute. By day 30, the patient had experienced preterm retinopathy, viral infection, salmonella, jaundice and anemia. In the second month of her life, she was treated with surgery due to intestinal obstruction. Psychomotor development was disturbed. At 9 years of age, there was a retinal detachment. Until the end of junior high school, she was educated in a special school for the visually impaired.

Conclusions: The neurodevelopmental theory assumes that the increased risk of developing schizophrenia is associated with unfavorable factors in the developmental period. Identifying the causes underlying the development of the disease is a key step towards prevention, more efficient diagnosis, and improvement of the effectiveness of treatment of patients suffering from this disease.
Current state and productivity of age-old experimental plantations of prof. V.D. Ogievsky in the northeastern part of Ukraine
Authors: Zhezhkun M. , Demianenko L.V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This research is aimed at determining the health condition and productivity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands created during 1906–1908 on the initiative of Prof. V. D. Ogievsky. The scheme of silvicultural experiments included: determining the influence of different widths and directions of clear felling on the natural regeneration, testing of pine plantations of pure and mixed composition and the choice of methods for their creation. In terms of health condition, 103–105-year-old artificial pine stands are weakened and their health condition is slightly worse compared to the aged pines of natural origin. The productivity of age-old linden-pine plantations is higher than of pure pine plantations, and the stock of stem wood in plantations created by seed sowing and marketability is higher compared to the plantations created by planting seedlings.
Genetic diversity of Betula nana in Sweden and conservation implications for protection of relict Polish populations
Authors: Dąbrowska Grażyna B. , Dąbrowski Henryk P. , Szyp-Borowska Iwona 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The natural range of the dwarf birch (Betula nana L.) includes the boreal, subarctic and arctic regions of Europe, Asia and North America, where it is relatively common. In Poland, it is a relict species occurring in fragmented populations. Using the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, we investigated the genetic diversity of the four Swedish populations representing a part of the continuous range of dwarf birch. With the knowledge of the level of genetic diversity of a population from a continuous distribution, we can assess the genetic status of polish populations and answer the question if habitat fragmentation and a decrease in population size lead to a loss in genetic diversity. Knowledge of genetic diversity is important for species conservation, especially to predict their ability to respond to environmental pressures. We found that the populations Abisko, Malbo, Gällivare and Storlien, which are located at the edge of the natural range of B. nana and occupy different habitats, are genetically diverse to varying degrees. The northern populations from Abisko and Gällivare showed a lower level of genetic polymorphism than the population from Malbo, the southernmost site of dwarf birch in Sweden. The data presented indicate higher genetic diversity existed within populations, whereas genetic differentiation between populations was lower. The high level of genetic differentiation within B. nana populations that were analysed in the present study may be explained by a limited capacity for dispersal among populations via both pollen and seeds.
We found that the level of genetic diversity in one of the Polish populations of B. nana is comparable to that in areas in Scandinavia where populations are large and continuous. Based on these studies, we conclude that the “Linje” population has sufficient genetic resources.
Accumulation of heavy metals in soil and litter of roadside plantations in Western Polissia of Ukraine
Authors: Maksimtsev Serhii , Dudarets Serhii , Yukhnovskyi Vasyl 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of a study on the influence of roadside forest belts of different species composition on the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and litter along roads of international and national importance in the conditions of Western Polissia of Ukraine. Mobile forms of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil and forest litter samples were determined in ammonium acetate extract buffer by atomic absorption spectrometry. The analysis of the content of heavy metals, their comparison with the maximum allowable concentrations depending on the composition of plantations and the category of the highway have been done. It is confirmed that roadside forest belts perform important functions in the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and forest litter. It is confirmed that roadside forest belts perform important functions in the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and forest litter. Among all the pollutants studied, the concentration of cadmium was the lowest and that of zinc the highest (especially in forest litter). Lead and copper in this indicator occupied an intermediate position. Despite the different species composition of plantations, the coefficient of concentration of heavy metals in the soil did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations and was on average in the range of 0.10–0.20 of these indicators. The greatest effect of delaying the migration of heavy metals was observed in forest litter. Therefore, in order to effectively use the biological barrier along the roads, it is necessary to create linear protective belts of deciduous species with Acer platanoides, Betula pendula, Carpinus betulus and Tilia cordata, which give a rich annual litterfall.