bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEBANON DEVELOPMENT. PROSPECTS FOR COOPERATION WITH THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: El Moussawi M.A.E. , Mironenkova Zh. V. , Umarov S. Z. , Knysh O. I. , Nemyatykh O. D. 
Published: March 2021

The objective of the research was to conduct a comparative analysis of the development of Lebanon based on a number of demographic, economic and social indicators characterizing the health care of Lebanon, and to determine the prospects for the cooperation with the Russian Federation (RF) in the pharmacy field.Materials and methods. The studies were conducted from 2009 to 2016. The objects were the statistical data accumulated on the basis of the data from national institutions and international organizations. These data were published annually in the reports of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the United Nations Population Division for 11 countries in the Middle East: Bahrain, Jordan, Yemen, Kuwait, Lebanon, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Saudi Arabia (Asian countries); Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia (North African countries). The research methods were: a comparative analysis, analytical grouping of data, ranking.Results. A comparative analysis of demographic, economic and social indicators revealed that low mortality rates and high life expectancy in Lebanon were achieved both due to a satisfactory level of health care financing (Rank 5) and due to the adoption of adequate decisions in organizing and managing the Lebanese health care system. The positive trends that were inherent in the Lebanese health care system in previous decades continued to operate within the framework of earlier inertia, while migration flows intensified. However, there has been a slowdown in the decline in infant mortality in the dynamics of growth rates, which is a signal of the emergence of negative processes in the social sphere of the country.Conclusion. The current situation in the Lebanese health care system, associated with limited financial resources, poses new challenges in the search for managerial decisions in the field of organizational management. The import of drugs from the Russian Federation will provide a significant reduction in the financial costs of providing the population of Lebanon and migrants with medicines which will increase the monetary costs of providing medical care.
CORRECTION OF MORPHOFUNCTIONAL DISORDERS IN EXPERIMENTAL PREECLAMPSY BY COMBINED USE OF TRIMETAZIDINE AND PURIFIED MICRONIZED FLAVONOID FRACTION AS WELL AS THEIR COMBINATIONS WITH METHYLAMPSY
Authors: Antsiferova O. E. , Teleshchenko M. P. , Tsuverkalova Yu. M. , Pokrovsky M. V. , Gureev V. V. , Zatolokina M. A. , Gureeva A. V. 
Published: March 2021

The aimof the experiment was to determine the effectiveness of the combined use of trimetazidine and a purified micronized flavonoid fraction, as well as their combinations with methyldopa, in comparison with monotherapy with the same drugs in the correction of morphofunctional disorders arising in the conditions of experimental preeclampsia. An integrated/multimethodology approach is the most effective way of treatment for preeclampsia. Therefore, an urgent task of modern pharmacology is to study the effectiveness of new drugs when used in combinations, as well as the drugs included in the standards for treatment.Materials and methods. The study was carried out at the Research Institute of Pharmacology of Living Systems of Belgorod State National Research University. The experiment was performed on 200 female Wistar rats, weighing 250–300 g, in which an ADMA-like model of preeclampsia had been reproduced. To assess the degree of correction of emerging morphological and functional disorders, the following parameters were involved: blood pressure, a coefficient of endothelial dysfunction, microcirculation in the placenta, proteinuria, fluid contents in the greater omentum, morphometric indicators of placental tissues and fetal height and weight parameters.Results. The combined use of trimetazidine (Preductal® MB) 6 mg/kg and a purified micronized flavonoid fraction (Detralex®) 260 mg/kg, as well as their combination with methyldopa (Dopegit®) 86 mg/kg, leads to a more pronounced decrease in the blood pressure, compared with a decrease in the coefficient of endothelial dysfunction by 2.22, 2.19 and 1.94 times, respectively, in relation to “untreated” animals. There was an increase in microcirculation indices in the placenta by 2.35, 2.21 and 2.03 times, respectively. In addition, there was an improvement in morphological parameters in the placenta and fetuses.Conclusion. The results of the study showed a greater effectiveness of the combined use of the studied drugs in experimental preeclampsia compared to their monotherapy. This indicates the prospects for the use of trimetazidine and purified micronized flavonoid fraction in the complex therapy for preeclampsia and the need for further research in this direction.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DRUG EFFICACY IN THE TREATMENT FOR COVID-19 SEVERE FORMS, BASED ON ATTRIBUTE-BASED STATISTIC METHODS AND ANALYSIS OF DRUG INTERACTIONS
Authors: Zhukova O. V. , Kagramanyan I. N. , Khokhlov A. L. 
Published: March 2021

Severe and critical forms of COVID-19 are beset by the development of “a cytokine storm”, which is characterized by an increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, one of the leading strategies for treating patients with severe forms of COVID-19 is the reduction of concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and leveling out their effect on the patient. Among the drugs aimed at reducing the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 inhibitors, IL-1 inhibitors, JAK inhibitors and systemic glucocorticosteroids have been found useful in COVID-19. All of these drugs are currently prescribed off-label.The aimof the work is a comparative analysis of the data from the literature sources in the PubMed system, devoted to the clinical efficacy and safety of IL-6, IL-1, JAK inhibitors and systemic glucocorticosteroids in the treatment for severe forms of COVID-19.Materials and methods. In the treatment for severe forms of COVID-19, materials for the comparative analysis were the data from the literature sources in the PubMed system, on the studies devoted to the use of the systemic glucocorticosteroid dexamethasone, IL-6 inhibitor tocilizumab, IL-1 inhibitor anakinra, and JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib. The analysis was performed by statistical evaluation of the drugs effect within the 28-day survival rate among the patients with severe COVID-19. Attributive statistics was used as a statistical tool. The safety of the drug use was assessed by analyzing potential drug interactions. The information about potential drug interactions, was obtained from a specialized website – Drugs.com. Knowmore. Besure (https://www.drugs.com/interaction/list/).Results. As a result of the analysis, it has been established that tocilizumab has the highest efficacy rates. In this respect, it is followed by dexamethasone. The attributive efficacy rates and 95% confidence interval values for the both drugs were statistically significant. The indices of relative and population attributive kinds of efficacy, were also higher for tocilizumab, but a 95% confidence interval of these indices, get into the range of statistically insignificant values, requiring additional evidence of their efficacy. According to the data obtained, tocilizumab efficacy is higher than that of the other drugs compared: NNT (dexamethasone) – 32; NNT (tocilizumab) – 4, NNT (ruxolitinib) – 7; NNT (anakinra) – 35.Conclusion. The choice of a drug should be based on the patient’s condition, comorbidities, and medications used in therapy to minimize the risk of undesirable drug interactions. Against the background of the lowest efficacy among the compared drugs, a high efficacy for the patients with concomitant hepatobiliary disorders and DIC syndrome, has been established for the inhibitor IL-1 anakinra, which makes it the drug of choice among the patients with these diseases and under these conditions in the development of “a cytokine storm”.
HEMORHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE 5-HT2A-ANTAGONIST OF THE 2-METHOXYPHENYL-IMIDAZOBENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVE OF THE RU-31 COMPOUND AND CYPROHEPTADINE, IN COMPARISON WITH PENTHOXYPHYLLINE
Authors: Yakovlev D. S. , Naumenko L. V. , Sultanova K. T. , Spasov A. A. 
Published: March 2021

Migraine and its comorbid conditions are pathogenetically associated with many factors, including hemorheological disorders. A class of drugs with a 5-HT2A antagonistic mechanism of action, is promising for the prevention and treatment of migraine attacks and concomitant pathologies.The aim of the research is to study and compare a hemorheological activity of anti-migraine drugs, antagonists of 5-HT2A receptors of cyproheptadine, and a new drug that completed preclinical studies of the 1-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivative of the RU- 31 compound.Materials and methods. The study of the hemorheological activity of the RU-31 compound and cyproheptadine, was carried out using an experimental model of rabbit blood hyperthermia in vitro. Pentoxifylline was used as a reference drug. In the course of the work, the parameters of blood viscosity, aggregation and deformability of erythrocytes were recorded.Results. It has been established that in the concentration of 1 μM, the RU-31 compounds reduce blood viscosity by 17% at high shear rates, which is comparable with pentoxifylline in the concentration of 100 μM on the activity level. In the concentration of 1 μM, cyproheptadine also causes a general tendency to reduce blood viscosity at high shear rates, being inferior in activity to the RU-31 compound and pentoxifylline. In the concentration of 1 μM, the RU-31 compound has a pronounced effect on the aggregation ability of erythrocytes in autologous plasma, reducing the aggregation rate by 70%, while the level of activity is not inferior to the drug compared to pentoxifylline in the concentration of 100 μM, and surpasses the drug cyproheptadine. For the RU-31 compound and cyproheptadine, no significant effect on the deformability of erythrocytes has been shown.Conclusion. The capacity of cyproheptadine and the RU-31 compound to influence the rheological properties of blood by reducing blood viscosity and aggregation of erythrocytes has been revealed.
PROBLEMS OF RESPONSIBLE SELF-MEDICATION OF ALLERGY SYMPTOMS AND FARMACEUTICAL COUNSELING
Authors: Izrafilova V. A. , Egorova S. N. , Garifullina G. Kh. , Akhmetova T. A. 
Published: March 2021

Cure of allergy symptoms reported by a patient with the help of non-prescription antiallergic drugs, is one of the important aspects of a responsible self-medication.The aimof the study is to assess the peculiarities of consumers’ behavior as pharmacy visitors, when choosing non-prescription antiallergic drugs, and to identify potential problems of pharmaceutical counseling for allergy symptoms regarding the responsible self-medication.Materials and methods. Sociological survey in the form of a questionnaire; graphoanalytical and comparative analyses.Results. The profile of an over-the-counter antiallergic drugs buyer in the pharmacies of Kazan was assessed in the following way: it is a woman aged 18–44 of a middle level of income, having a family of 3–4 people, ready to spend from 101 to 500 rubles on the purchase of antiallergic drugs, buying anti-allergic drugs not for the first time. The main reasons to seek for treatment were skin rash, redness and itching, which had also been observed in the past. The allergic nature of the disease had already been confirmed by the doctor. For the average consumer of over-the-counter antiallergic drugs, the most important criteria for choosing a medicine were: efficiency, safety, the doctor’s recommendations and price. The medicines were purchased for the visitors themselves or their children. The customers were satisfied with the choice of non-prescription antiallergic medicines available in the pharmacy. The visitors generally trusted the pharmacists’ advice and recognized them as health professionals, but considered that the main goal was not only to provide a pharmaceutical care, but also to profit from the sale of the drugs. The following flaws of pharmaceutical counseling when dispensing non-prescription antiallergic drugs, were identified: an improper diagnosis by a pharmaceutical specialist, the lack of recommendations to consult a doctor, incomplete provision of information on the use, storage, and the possibility of interaction with other drugs and food.Conclusion. Misdiagnosis and incomplete provision of information by pharmaceutical specialists on antiallergic the drugs that are approved for the over-the-counter dispensing, require the implementation of a pharmaceutical consultation algorithm for the visitors contacting a pharmacy with allergy symptoms.
Our histopathology results of 6 years in sinonasal masses
Authors: AKKOCA Özlem , TÜZÜNER Arzu , ERSÖZ Ceren , ÇELİK Hatice , KARADAŞ Hatice , ÖZDEMİR Coşkun 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to compare patients with bilateral sinonasal mass and those who have unilateral sinonasal mass in terms of age, gender and histopathological diagnoses.
Material and Method: The histopathological results of 549 patients who underwent incisional / excisional biopsy or sinonasal surgery in our clinic between January 2012 and December 2017 were examined. All histopathological diagnoses were divided into 3 groups as benign, malign and non-neoplastic. Distribution rates of cases with unilateral involvement and cases with bilateral involvement were evaluated by age, gender and years.
Results: The average age of 549 patients was 40.12 ± 14.31.The most common histopathological diagnosis was nasal polyp (71%). It was observed that 10.6% of histopathological diagnoses were benign, 0.9% malign and 88.5% non-neoplastic. Right sided involvement was observed in 15.7% of the patients, left sided involvement was in 17.7%, and bilateral involvement was observed in 66.7% of the patients. The group which includes patients with non-neoplastic mass was found to have significantly more bilateral involvement than other groups (p = 0.001).
Conclusion: The most common histopathological diagnosis of sinonasal masses is nasal polyps. Nasal polyps are often bilateral but they can also be unilateral. Unilateral sinonasal masses can be malign, therefore differential diagnosis should be made by biopsy.
Kajian Kuat Tarik Belah pada Beton Ringan Memadat Mandiri Menggunakan Agregat Kasar Pecahan Genteng dengan Variasi Kadar Viscocrete
Authors: Fathoni Ahmad Rijal Arif 
Published: March 2021

<p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Dewasa ini, dunia konstruksi khusunya beton mengalami banyak perkembangan, salah satu beton yang dikembangkan adalah beton ringan memadat mandiri (<em>Light-weight Self Compacting </em>C<em>oncrete)</em>. Beton ini merupakan beton yang terbuat dari agregast ringan yang mampu memadat mandiri tanpa bantuan alat penggetar (<em>vibrator</em>). Agregat ringan alami yaitu agregat yang diperoleh dari bahan-bahan alami seperti batu apung, skoria, atau tufa dan agregat buatan adalah agregat yang dibuat melalui proses pemanasan bahan-bahan, seperti tanah liat, abu terang, abu sabak, dan batu lempung. Untuk meningkatkan <em>workability </em>pada beton ringan ini maka digunakan penambahan admixture viscocrete sehingga diharapkan beton segar mudah mengalir dan melakukan pemadatan mandiri. Dalam penelitian ini mengamati kuat tarik belah akibat penambahan kadar viscocrete. Kadar viscocrete yang digunakan ialah 1,5% ; 1,75% ; 2% ; dan 2,25%. Benda uji yang digunakan untuk pengujian kuat tarik belah adalah silinder berukuran diameter 15 cm dan tinggi 30 cm.</p><p> </p><strong>Kata Kunci: </strong>agregat ringan, beton ringan memadat mandiri, kuat tarik belah, viscocrete, workabilitas
Uji Tarik Beton Memadat Sendiri High Volume Fly Ash 60%
Authors: Pratama Kevin Ferdinand 
Published: March 2021

<p>Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) merupakan salah satu inovasi konstruksi yang ada pada saat ini untuk mengatasi permasalahan pengecoran dan pemadatan. SCC mampu mengalir melalui tulangan yang kompleks dan memenuhi ruangan atau cetakan tanpa bantuan alat penggetar mekanik. Konsep SCC ini dipadukan dengan konsep High Volume Fly Ash, yaitu penggunaan fly ash dalam jumlah lebih besar dari 50 %. Fly ash merupakan partikel halus yang terbuat dari sisa-sisa pembakaran batu bara, yang dimanfaatkan untuk mengganti penggunaan semen pada pembuatan beton. Pada penelitian ini akan menganalisis kuat tarik langsung beton pada penggunaan fly ash dengan kadar 60% berdimensi 10 x 10 x 25 cm dengan coakan berbentuk segitiga di tengah bentang dengan dimensi alas 2 cm dan tinggi 1,5 cm. Hasil dari penelitian ini, disimpulkan bahwa beton HVFA – SCC kadar fly ash 60% memiliki nilai kuat tarik sebesar 2,429 MPa.</p><p> </p><p>Kata kunci: High Volume Fly Ash – Self Compacting Concrete (HVFA -SCC), Kuat Tarik Langsung, Self-Compacting Concrete, Fly Ash</p>
Uji Balok Beton Bertulang Memadat Sendiri High Volume Fly Ash 50% Dengan ρ = 0,17
Authors: Hartono Oktavian Farrozy 
Published: March 2021

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini akan mengkaji seberapa besar pengaruh <em>reinforcment ratio </em>terhadap kapasitas geser balok beton bertulang HVFA–SCC dengan kadar <em>f</em><em>ly </em><em>a</em><em>sh</em> 50 %. Benda uji yang digunakan 2 jenis balok beton bertulang dengan ukuran 10 cm x 18,5 cm x 155 cm dengan <em>reinforcement ratio</em> sebesar 1,77 % dan 2,68 %. Pengujian kapasitas geser menggunakan alat <em>loading frame</em> dengan 2 titik dengan jarak antar beban sebesar 20 cm. Dari pengujian ini akan didapatkan grafik hubungan beban-lendutan serta selisih kapasitas geser balok beton HVFA-SCC 50% dengan <em>ρ </em>sebesar 0,177. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini kapasitas geser pada pengujian balok HVFA beton bertulang HVFA-SCC 50% memiliki nilai sebesar 23,5 kN yang diuji pada umur 28 hari.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci </strong>: <em>fly ash, hvfa-scc,</em> kapasitas geser.</p>
Recent Trends in Medicare Utilization and Reimbursement for Orthopaedic Procedures Performed at Ambulatory Surgery Centers
Authors: Lopez Cesar D. , Boddapati Venkat , Schweppe Eric A. , Levine William N. , Lehman Ronald A. , Lenke Lawrence G. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
As part of a market-driven response to the increasing costs of hospital-based surgical care, an increasing volume of orthopaedic procedures are being performed in ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). The purpose of the present study was to identify recent trends in orthopaedic ASC procedure volume, utilization, and reimbursements in the Medicare system between 2012 and 2017.

Methods:
This cross-sectional, national study tracked annual Medicare claims and payments and aggregated data at the county level. Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression models were used to evaluate trends in procedure volume, utilization rates, and reimbursement rates, and to identify demographic predictors of ASC utilization.

Results:
A total of 1,914,905 orthopaedic procedures were performed at ASCs in the Medicare population between 2012 and 2017, with an 8.8% increase in annual procedure volume and a 10.5% increase in average reimbursements per case. ASC orthopaedic procedure utilization, including utilization across all subspecialties, is strongly associated with metropolitan areas compared with rural areas. In addition, orthopaedic procedure utilization, including for sports and hand procedures, was found to be significantly higher in wealthier counties (measured by average household income) and in counties located in the South.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated increasing orthopaedic ASC procedure volume in recent years, driven by increases in hand procedure volume. Medicare reimbursements per case have steadily risen and outpaced the rate of inflation over the study period. However, as orthopaedic practice overhead continues to increase, other Medicare expenditures such as hospital payments and operational and implant costs also must be evaluated. These findings may provide a source of information that can be used by orthopaedic surgeons, policy makers, investors, and other stakeholders to make informed decisions regarding the costs and benefits of the use of ASCs for orthopaedic procedures.
Total Hip Replacements in Patients with Rare Pathologic Conditions Affecting Bone
Authors: Sepehri Aresh , Sidhu Arashdeep , Masri Bassam A. 
Published: March 2021

➤ As a result of the advances in surgical technique and implant design, total hip arthroplasty (THA) is increasingly offered for the management of osteoarthritis of the hip in patients with fragile or pathologic bone.➤ Posttraumatic or congenital deformities associated with fragile or pathologic bone are frequently encountered and necessitate diligent preoperative planning.➤ Surgeons should be prepared to evaluate and manage intraoperative iatrogenic fracture.➤ While there is limited evidence to date, components made with computer-assisted design can be considered, given the unique and highly variable patient population.
A Generic Asset Model for Implementing Product Digital Twins in Smart Remanufacturing
Authors: Kerin Mairi , Pham Duc Truong , Huang Jun , Hadall Jeremy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A digital twin is a “live” virtual replica of a sensorised component, product, process, human, or system. It accurately copies the entity being modelled by capturing information in real time or near real time from the entity through embedded sensors and the Internet-of-Things. Many applications of digital twins in manufacturing industry have been investigated. This article focuses on the development of product digital twins to reduce the impact of quantity, quality, and demand uncertainties in remanufacturing. Starting from issues specific to remanufacturing, the article derives the functional requirements for a product digital twin for remanufacturing and proposes a UML model of a generic asset to be remanufactured. The model has been demonstrated in a case study which highlights the need to translate existing knowledge and data into an integrated system to realise a product digital twin, capable of supporting remanufacturing process planning.