bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Hand in the Video Consultation
Authors: Welle Kristian , Täger Stefan , Hackenberg Roslind Karolina , Markowetz Alexander , Schildberg Frank Alexander , Burger Christof , Wirtz Dieter Christian , Jansen Tom , Kabir Koroush 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Video consultations could support patient care in hand surgery during social distancing in the COVID-19 era. According to the literature, images of hand and fingers can support telediagnosis in hand emergencies. We present this feasibility study on online video consultation in hand surgery.
Methods A structured examination was designed to query the medical history and examine motor skills, sensitivity, strength and function tests of the hand. Thirty examinations on both hands were carried out by online video consultation, then in direct contact and compared with each other.
Results With 4560 evaluated range of movement of the hand and finger joints, there was a high correlation between the measurement methods of R = 0.995 (p < 0.0001, confidence interval 0.9946 – 0.9954). In the video-based examination, 84.6% of the measured values showed a deviation of less than 5° compared to the direct examination, 92.8% less than 10° deviation. Good accordance was also found in the patientʼs medical history. An estimating examination of sensitivity, function and strength during video examination is feasible with simple auxiliary aids. Deficits are evident in the detection of scars, in function tests and the absence of haptic findings.
Conclusion Online video consultation allows hand examination with sufficient documentation of hand and finger movements (range of motion) and proper evaluation of symptoms. It cannot replace direct examination but complement patient care in hand surgery even beyond the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Paravertebral Block versus Thoracic Epidural Analgesia for Postthoracotomy Pain Relief: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Xu Mu , Hu Jiajia , Yan Jianqin , Yan Hong , Zhang Chengliang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective Paravertebral block (PVB) and thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) are commonly used for postthoracotomy pain management. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effects of TEA versus PVB for postthoracotomy pain relief.
Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library (last performed on August 2020) to identify randomized controlled trials comparing PVB and TEA for thoracotomy. The rest and dynamic visual analog scale (VAS) scores, rescue analgesic consumption, the incidences of side effects were pooled.
Results Sixteen trials involving 1,000 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that the rest and dynamic VAS at 12, 24, and rest VAS at 48 hours were similar between PVB and TEA groups. The rescue analgesic consumption (weighted mean differences: 3.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.982–6.638, p < 0.01) and the incidence of rescue analgesia (relative risk [RR]: 1.963; 95% CI: 1.336–2.884, p < 0.01) were less in TEA group. However, the incidence of hypotension (RR: 0.228; 95% CI: 0.137–0.380, p < 0.001), urinary retention (RR: 0.392; 95% CI: 0.198–0.776, p < 0.01), and vomiting (RR: 0.665; 95% CI: 0.451–0.981, p < 0.05) was less in PVB group.
Conclusion For thoracotomy, PVB may provide no superior analgesia compared with TEA but PVB can reduce side effects. Thus, individualized treatment is recommended. Further study is still necessary to determine which concentration of local anesthetics can be used for PVB and can provide equal analgesic efficiency to TEA.
Development of an experimental facility for the study of microparticle initiated radio frequency vacuum breakdown
Authors: Casagrande R. , Faugel H. , Fischer F. , Fünfgelder H. , Riedl F. , Siegl G. , Bettini P. , Noterdaeme J.-M. , Crombé K. 
Published: January 2021

An ongoing objective in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) systems is the improvement of power coupling to the plasma. During the last decade, this goal has been mainly pursued through the study of the coupling resistance, either by optimizing the antenna layout or by tailoring the scrape-off layer profile with gas puffing. Another approach is to increase the voltage handling capability of the ICRF system, limited by breakdown in the launchers or in the transmission lines. This paper describes the design of the ICRF Breakdown EXperiment (IBEX), a device to investigate fundamental aspects of radio frequency arcs under ICRF-relevant conditions. IBEX can achieve a peak voltage of 48 kV at 54 MHz with a 5 kW input power.
Thermal decomposition of GdCrO4 to GdCrO3: Structure and magnetism
Authors: Mohanty P. , Jacobs B. S. , Prinsloo A. R. E. , Sheppard C. J. 
Published: January 2021

Rare-earth orthochromites (RCrO3) with orthorhombically distorted perovskite (ABO3) structure exhibit a wealth of magnetic phenomena including temperature-induced magnetization reversal (TMR), spin-reorientation (SR), spin-flipping (SF) and exchange-bias (EB). These occur as a result of magnetic interactions among the cations such as Cr3+–Cr3+, Cr3+–R3+ and R3+–R3+, where R is the rare earth element. In the present work, GdCrO4 samples were prepared using the sol-gel technique. The as-synthesized samples are amorphous in nature. Calcination of the samples at 600 °C for 1 h leads to the formation of the GdCrO4 phase whereas increasing the calcination temperature to 1000 °C for 1 h triggers the decomposition of GdCrO4 into GdCrO3. The role of thermal decomposition of GdCrO4 to GdCrO3 on crystal structure and magnetic transitions are discussed in this paper. Microstructure analyses show that the GdCrO4 powders have an intercalated porous structure that comprises a core-shell like construction with undistinguishable grain boundaries, whereas the morphology of the GdCrO3 demonstrates bulk nature with particles having micrometer size. Magnetization measurements as a function of temperature (M-T) with different probing magnetic fields show the ferromagnetic Curie temperature, (TC), of the GdCrO4 sample to be 24 K. GdCrO3 orders antiferromagnetically with a Néel temperature, TN (Cr), ascribed to the Cr magnetic moment at 171 K. A spin-flip transition (TSF) occurred at 22 K indicating the flipping of Cr3+ and Gd3+ spins and the spin-reorientation (TSR) transition is located at 5 K. The hysteresis loops measured across the transition temperatures validate the magnetic transitions as observed in the M-T curves.
Effect of strong local stretching of sensing fibre on the operation of a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer
Authors: Bengalskii D.M. , Kharasov D.R. , Fomiryakov E.A. , Nikitin S.P. , Nanii O.E. , Treshchikov V.N. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It has been shown experimentally and confirmed by numerical simulation that strong local stretching of sensing fibre distorts the signal detected by a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) from the fibre section behind the local disturbance region. Comparison of experimental data with theoretical estimates and numerical simulation results leads us to conclude that the physical mechanism underlying the distortion of the OTDR trace is related to the external disturbance-induced variable shift of the optical carrier frequency of probe pulses.
Thermal optical properties, Q-switching and frequency tuning of an Nd : LGGG laser based on the 4F3/2 → 4I13/2 transition of a neodymium ion
Authors: Gao Shang , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Laser characteristics of continuous-wave (cw) and passively Q-switched Nd : LGGG lasers based on the 4F3/2 → 4I13/2 transition of an neodymium ion are investigated. The lasing spectra of the cw and the Q-switching regimes are studied in detail. The thermal optical coefficient for the Nd : LGGG crystal at a wavelength of 1.33 μm is estimated to be 15.3 × 10−6 K−1. By inserting a quartz plate at the Brewster angle, the frequency of the Nd : LGGG laser is tuned. In the cw regime, the maximum output power at an incident pump power of 7.09 W is 802 mW and a slope efficiency is 13.2%. In the Q-switching regime, a minimum pulse duration of 9.75 ns is obtained with an output power of 176 mW and a repetition rate of 8 kHz. The maximum pulse energy and the highest peak power are 25.4 μJ and 2.4 kW, respectively.
THz laser generation on a hybrid surface plasmon in a HgCdTe-based structure
Authors: Dubinov A.A. , Aleshkin V.Ya. , Gavrilenko V.I. , Rumyantsev V.V. , Mikhailov N.N. , Dvoretskii S.A. , Utochkin V.V. , Morozov S.V. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The possibility of amplifying a THz hybrid surface plasmon in a structure with an Hg0.82Cd0.18Te epitaxial film grown on a GaAs substrate and covered with a metal layer is investigated. It is shown that for a film thickness of 100 nm and a temperature of 80 K, the hybrid surface plasmon mode gain can be greater than external losses at a pump radiation intensity with a wavelength of 2.3 μm, exceeding 850 kW cm−2. Additional doping of the Hg0.82Cd0.18Te layer with a donor impurity having a concentration of 4 × 1017 cm−3 will lead to a 1.5-fold decrease in the threshold pump intensity.
Semiconductor AlGaInAs/InP lasers (λ = 1450 – 1500 nm) with a strongly asymmetric waveguide
Authors: Volkov N.A. , Andreev A.Yu. , Yarotskaya I.V. , Ryaboshtan Yu.L. , Svetogorov V.N. , Ladugin M.A. , Padalitsa A.A. , Marmalyuk A.A. , Slipchenko S.O. , Lyutetskii A.V. , Veselov D.A. , Pikhtin N.A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Semiconductor lasers based on AlGaInAs/InP heterostructures with a strongly asymmetric waveguide are studied. It is shown that the use of such a waveguide simultaneously with an increased quantum well energy depth provides conditions for increasing the output laser power. The semiconductor AlGaInAs/InP lasers based on a strongly asymmetric waveguide with a stripe contact width of 100 μm demonstrated an output optical power of 5 W (pump current 11.5 A) in a continuous-wave regime and 19 W (100 A) in a pulsed regime (100 ns, 1 kHz) at a wavelength of 1450 – 1500 nm at room temperature. The obtained data are compared with the output characteristics of lasers based on a symmetric waveguide.
Microbial dynamics of elevated carbon flux in the open ocean’s abyss
Authors: Poff Kirsten E. , Leu Andy O. , Eppley John M. , Karl David M. , DeLong Edward F. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
The ocean’s “biological pump” exports sinking particles containing carbon, nutrients, and energy to the deep sea, contributing centrally to the global carbon cycle. Here, we identify key organisms and biological processes associated with elevated carbon flux to the abyss. Our analyses reveal that, during summer export, specific populations of photosynthetic algae, heterotrophic protists, and bacteria reach the abyss on sinking particles. Deep-sea bacteria respond rapidly to this elevated nutrient delivery to the abyss in summer. During other seasons, different organisms and processes appear responsible for particle export to the deep sea. Our analyses reveal key biota and biological processes that interconnect surface productivity, particle export, and the deep-sea ecosystem, thereby influencing the function and efficiency of the ocean’s biological pump.
Mean maximal power from an on‐water 1000‐m time‐trial predicts lactate threshold power in well‐trained flat‐water sprint kayak athletes
Authors: Hogan Cruz , Binnie Martyn J. , Doyle Matthew , Peeling Peter 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThis study utilised on‐water graded exercise tests (GXT) to determine the power output (PO) corresponding to the first and second lactate thresholds (LT1PO and LT2PO), subsequently examining their relationship to the mean maximal power (MMP) and race time achieved across three on‐water sprint kayak time‐trials. Twelve well‐trained sprint kayak athletes completed an on‐water GXT and a 200‐, 500‐ and 1000‐m time‐trial utilising novel instrumented paddle technology. Stepwise multiple regression was used to determine whether equations incorporating 200‐, 500‐ and 1000‐m MMP data could be used as an alternative method for estimating LT1PO and LT2PO. On‐water GXT derived LT1PO and LT2PO were 151 ± 34 and 194 ± 39 W, respectively. For the 200‐, 500‐ and 1000‐m time‐trials, MMP were 528 ± 143, 358 ± 92 and 287 ± 67 W, respectively. Athletes’ LT1PO and LT2PO had very‐large inverse relationships to 200‐, 500‐ and 1000‐m time‐to‐completion (r = −.71 to −.85, P ≤ .010) and very‐large, to near‐perfect positive relationships to 200‐, 500‐ and 1000‐m MMP (r = .81 to. 94, P ≤ .001). The equation incorporating 1000‐m MMP alone provided the best prediction of LT1PO and LT2PO, explaining 78% and 88% of the variance, and yielding a standard error of estimate (SEE) of 11.3% and 7.1% for these measures, respectively. The results of this study provide further evidence to support the ecological validity of recently developed on‐water GXTs graded by PO, since LT1PO and LT2PO were significantly correlated to 200‐, 500‐ and 1000‐m performance. Practitioners could also predict LT2PO with reasonable accuracy based solely from a 1000‐m time‐trial; potentially providing an alternative, non‐invasive, competition‐specific protocol for threshold determination.Highlights
The fact that LT1PO and LT2PO had very‐large, to near‐perfect positive relationships to 200‐, 500‐ and 1000‐m MMP suggests that coaches should consider these relative submaximal aerobic‐fitness variables when evaluating the performance of sprint kayak athletes, regardless of their race specialty.
While the SEE and 95% limits of agreement (95%LoA) values for the prediction of LT1PO may be too large to be practically meaningful, measures of LT2PO could be predicted with a reasonable level of accuracy based upon 1000‐m MMP.
The ability to inform athletes' LT2PO from a single 1000‐m time‐trial is advantageous since it would provide a more feasible, and time‐efficient testing protocol within the athletes' training schedule compared to GXTs, potentially allowing coaches and practitioners to monitor changes in LT2PO, and subsequently review individual training zones, more regularly.
Given that LT1PO and LT2PO derived from on‐water GXTs had very‐large, to nearly perfect relationships to 200‐, 500‐ and 1000‐m performance, practitioners may prefer to use on‐water, rather than laboratory‐based GXTs given their greater practical significance and ecological validity.
Operando characterisation of alumina-supported bimetallic Pd–Pt catalysts during methane oxidation in dry and wet conditions
Authors: Large Alexander , Seymour Jake , Quevedo Garzon Wilson , Roy Kanak , Venturini Federica , Grinter David C , Artiglia Luca , Brooke Emily , de Gutierrez Martha Briceno , Raj Agnes , Lovelock Kevin R J , Bennett Roger A , Eralp-Erden Tugce , Held Georg 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Near ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) was used to study the chemical states of a range of alumina-supported monometallic Pd and bimetallic Pd–Pt nanocatalysts, under methane oxidation conditions. It has been suggested before that for optimal complete methane oxidation, palladium needs to be in an oxidised state. These experiments, combining NAP-XPS with a broad range of characterisation techniques, demonstrate a clear link between Pt presence, Pd oxidation, and catalyst activity under stoichiometric reaction conditions. Under oxygen-rich conditions this behaviour is less clear, as all of the palladium tends to be oxidised, but there are still benefits to the addition of Pt in place of Pd for complete oxidation of methane.
Short-range magnetic behavior in manganites La0.93K0.07Mn1-

x
Cu
x
O3 (0.0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.09) above the Curie temperature
Authors: Khammassi Fatma , López Jose F , Chérif Wajdi , Mendoza Aminta , Lanceros-Mendez Senentxu , Dammak Mohamed , Salazar Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Manganites La0.93K0.07Mn1−x
Cu
x
O3

(
0.0
⩽
x
⩽
0.09
)
,

prepared by the solid state reaction method at high temperature, were studied structurally and magnetically. The unit cell parameters, as well as bond length

d

(

Mn,Cu)-O

Å

and the bond angle

θ

(

Mn,Cu)-

O

1

-Mn

, were determined from the Rietveld refinement of the x-ray diffraction patterns. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis shows that Cu2+ substitution induces variations in the vibration modes of the MnO6 octahedra. Magnetization vs. temperature

M

T

at low magnetic field

H=0
.01T

were performed in the range

5
<
T
<
300

K

under field coolingand zero field cooling conditions. All the samples exhibited a second-order paramagnetic–ferromagnetic (FM) transition at Curie temperature,

T

C

, in the range between 199 and 285 K. The inverse susceptibility,

χ

−
1

(
T
)

exhibits a linear Curie-Weiss (C-W) behavior for

T
>

T

CW

*

, while for

T

C

<
T
<

T

CW

*

, it shows a deviation from the linear behavior predicted by the Heisenberg model. The mentioned deviation of

χ

−
1

T

means that a short ferromagnetic state formation is present even for

T
>

T

C

, which were characterized by the experimental effective magnetic moment,

μ

eff

exp

.

A null spontaneous magnetization,

m

S

,

above

T

C

was evaluated for all samples by using the Kouvel-Fisher method. This work evaluates the short-range FM clusters by means of an extension of the C-W approach to the

T

C

<
T
<

T

CW

*

region, i.e.,

μ

eff

exp

(
T
)

=
2.3

C

(
T
)

μ
B

. Finally, the critical coefficient values,

β

and

γ

, showed that the 3D Heisenberg model fits adequately the

x=0
.0

and

x
=
0.03

samples, while the 3D Ising model fits the

x
=
0.09

sample.
Spin reorientation behaviour and dielectric properties of Fe-doped h-HoMnO3
Authors: Prakash Pulkit , Mishra S K , Prajapat C L , Das A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We have studied the magnetic structure, spin reorientation behaviour and dielectric properties of polycrystalline HoMn1−x
Fe
x
O3 (0.0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.25) compounds using magnetization, neutron diffraction and dielectric measurements. These compounds crystallize predominantly in the hexagonal phase (P63
cm) with a small phase fraction of the orthorhombic phase (Pnma) which increases with increase in dopant concentration and a total suppression of the hexagonal phase is observed at x = 0.25. Doping Fe at the Mn site leads to an increase in the spin reorientation temperature (T
SR) from 33 K (x = 0) to 55 K (x = 0.1) while the T
N remains nearly constant at 72 K. The magnetic structure of the hexagonal phase was found to be Γ4 (P63′c′m) below T
N and Γ3 (P63′cm′) below T
SR. The magnetic ordering temperature of Ho3+ ions at 2(a) site appears to coincide with the T
SR only in the case of x = 0 sample. The Ho ions at 4(b) site are found to magnetically order below 8 K. The T
N of the Ho ions at both 4(b) and 2(a) sites do not appear to be affected by doping at the Mn site. The temperature variation of the Mn and Ho moments follow the Brillioun function dependence albeit with differing values of the molecular field constant λ
0 and λ
1. Short range magnetic order alone was found for the completely orthorhombic sample (x = 0.25). An anomalous suppression of the dielectric constant (ε) at T
N is observed in the case of hexagonal samples. Further, a linear correlation between Δε (= ε(T) − ε(0)) and the square of the antiferromagnetic moment M, is observed in these compounds.
Characterization of flexible and stretchable sensors using neural networks
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Anh , Chauhan Sunita 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Flexible and stretchable sensors made of highly deformable materials have been an active research area with many promising applications. These sensors have the advantages of being highly compliant and elastic, which improves the poor ventilation of the traditional rigid sensors. However, the major drawbacks of flexible and stretchable sensors are the non-linearity and hysteresis in their response, as well as other performance criteria such as precision and repeatability, which may further deteriorate with usage and therefore require pre-emptive calibration from time to time. Most of the existing works often concentrate on new designs and materials and often undermine these issues. To achieve greater precision sensing, this paper proposes an approach with four feature extractors, namely, long short-term memory, gated recurrent units, temporal convolutional networks (TCNs), and a fully convolutional network, to characterize the properties of such sensors. The proposed approach can serve as a calibration method as well as an end-to-end measurement method depending on the settings of the input and the output. We adopted various public datasets to validate the performance of the proposed approach. The experimental results show that the model with a TCN as the feature extractor can give highly promising results with a median error of 0.66% on a kirigami-like sensor and less than 3% on microfluidic-based pressure sensors. With a high performance on representative datasets, the proposed approach is believed to be extendable to other stretchable sensors and actuators for performance analyses, which could greatly increase the adaptation of such sensors in many engineering applications.
SNEWS 2.0: a next-generation supernova early warning system for multi-messenger astronomy
Authors: Al Kharusi S , BenZvi S Y , Bobowski J S , Bonivento W , Brdar V , Brunner T , Caden E , Clark M , Coleiro A , Colomer-Molla M , Crespo-Anadón J I , Depoian A , Dornic D , Fischer V , Franco D , Fulgione W , Gallo Rosso A , Geske M , Griswold S , Gromov M , Haggard D , Habig A , Halim O , Higuera A , Hill R , Horiuchi S , Ishidoshiro K , Kato C , Katsavounidis E , Khaitan D , Kneller J P , Kopec A , Kulikovskiy V , Lai M , Lamoureux M , Lang R F , Li H L , Lincetto M , Lunardini C , Migenda J , Milisavljevic D , McCarthy M E , O Connor E , O Sullivan E , Pagliaroli G , Patel D , Peres R , Pointon B W , Qin J , Raj N , Renshaw A , Roeth A , Rumleskie J , Scholberg K , Sheshukov A , Sonley T , Strait M , Takhistov V , Tamborra I , Tseng J , Tunnell C D , Vasel J , Vigorito C F , Viren B , Virtue C J , Wang J S , Wen L J , Winslow L , Wolfs F L H , Xu X J , Xu Y 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The next core-collapse supernova in the Milky Way or its satellites will represent a once-in-a-generation opportunity to obtain detailed information about the explosion of a star and provide significant scientific insight for a variety of fields because of the extreme conditions found within. Supernovae in our galaxy are not only rare on a human timescale but also happen at unscheduled times, so it is crucial to be ready and use all available instruments to capture all possible information from the event. The first indication of a potential stellar explosion will be the arrival of a bright burst of neutrinos. Its observation by multiple detectors worldwide can provide an early warning for the subsequent electromagnetic fireworks, as well as signal to other detectors with significant backgrounds so they can store their recent data. The supernova early warning system (SNEWS) has been operating as a simple coincidence between neutrino experiments in automated mode since 2005. In the current era of multi-messenger astronomy there are new opportunities for SNEWS to optimize sensitivity to science from the next galactic supernova beyond the simple early alert. This document is the product of a workshop in June 2019 towards design of SNEWS 2.0, an upgraded SNEWS with enhanced capabilities exploiting the unique advantages of prompt neutrino detection to maximize the science gained from such a valuable event.