bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A NormalizedHydrophilic–LipophilicDeviation ExpressionHLDNIs Necessary to Avoid Confusion Close to the Optimum Formulation ofSurfactant‐Oil–WaterSystems
Authors: Salager Jean Louis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe physicochemical conditions to attain a minimum interfacial tension between oil and water were intensively studied in the 1970s when the chemical‐enhanced oil recovery became an emergency with the increase in petroleum cost. Correlations between the formulation variables (salinity, oil nature, surfactant and co‐surfactant nature, temperature, and pressure) required to attain a minimum interfacial tension or a three‐phase behavior, so‐called optimum formulation, were related to the chemical potential concept in the late 1970s. They were then transformed in a generalized hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation (HLD) expression in 2000. Some confusion in the ranking and classification of the surfactant parameters with different scales has occurred in recent years. The aim here is to propose a normalized HLDNexpression with the alkane carbon number (ACN) variable scale to clear up the current misunderstanding in the use of different HLD expressions. The use of a single HLDNexpression for all systems improves the prediction of formulation effects, but does not eliminate the limitations due to the partitioning of species in surfactant mixtures.
Identification of sensory properties driving consumers' liking of commercially available kale and arugula
Authors: Barker Sophie , Moss Rachael , McSweeney Matthew B 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDKale and arugula are leafy green vegetables whose sensory properties have not been extensively explored. The objective was to assess the sensory properties and consumer acceptability of commercially available kale and arugula while also discovering drivers of consumer liking and barriers to consumer acceptance. Descriptive analysis and consumer testing were completed. The trained panellists (n = 11) were trained for 15 h to evaluate 11 sensory properties relating to the aroma, taste and texture of the kale and arugula. The consumer testing (n = 108) evaluated the leafy greens for overall liking and their liking of taste, aroma, texture and appearance.RESULTSResults were analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey's HSD and external preference mapping. Approximately half of the attributes for the kale samples were found to be significantly different. Similarly, significant differences in sensory properties were found in most of the arugula samples. Consumers liked the kale and arugula varieties that were sweet and nutty. Also, they preferred arugula that was described as spicy.CONCLUSIONThe majority of consumers preferred sweet and nutty leafy greens. Organic growing methods did not affect consumer liking; however, organic labels do positively affect hedonic ratings of a consumer's overall liking of the product. This study also identified that ‘Baby’ leafy greens are well liked by consumers, and this area of produce should be expanded. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Understanding the philosophy of tourism education: A perspective study in Turkey
Authors: Kırlar‐Can Burçin , Ertaş Mehmet , Kozak Metin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough tourism is an industry‐driven discipline, its philosophical roots are inseparable in education. The nature of tourism, expectations of each stakeholder – industry, tourists, academia, students, educators, society – and managerial attitudes of universities in general and tourism schools in particular, make it controversial to design a flawless education system for the interest of all parties. Based on educational philosophies, this study aims to reveal the perspectives of academics on ontological and epistemological dimensions by seeking answers to the objective, role, responsibility, and problems of tourism education. The study applies content analysis as a qualitative research method. Data were collected among 30 tourism academics with at least a PhD through an unstructured online form. Results demonstrate that tourism faculties in Turkey had a symbolic or superficial structural change in recent years. Tourism academics espoused an eclectic approach, prioritizing the role of educators as well as a vocational curriculum. Results also reveal that tourism education has encountered various problems arising from intellectual resources and physical resources, managerial policies, and institutional changes.
Home country bias in academic publishing: A case study of the New England Journal of Medicine
Authors: Zhu Haoran 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study examined home country bias in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM). Bibliographic information of publications in the NEJM from 2000 to 2019 was collected as data. Bibliometric analyses were performed to investigate the number of papers with one or more US‐based authors in the NEJM and compare this to other journals. Citation counts of US‐based and non‐US papers were calculated and compared. The results show that US‐based papers account for 65.44% of the NEJM papers, and the US share of the NEJM papers has remained stable in the examined years whereas in other journals the percentage decreased. More importantly, US‐based papers in the NEJM display significantly lower research impact compared with non‐US papers. The results suggest that US‐based papers are favoured by the NEJM and a home country bias may exist in the publication process of the journal.
Alterations of Lipidomes in Rat Photoreceptor Degeneration Induced by N‐Methyl‐N‐nitrosourea
Authors: Zhou Yunhua , Zhou Guomin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo investigate alterations of lipidomes in the progress of photoreceptor degeneration induced by N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU) in a rat model, retinal lipid molecular species in adult Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats at 1, 3, and 7 days after MNU administration and age‐matched controls were analyzed by the shotgun lipidomics technology. Moreover, total fatty acid levels in retinal, liver, and plasma samples of different groups were determined with gas chromatography. Generally, at day 1, the levels of ethanolamine plasmalogen species in retinas were markedly elevated after treatment with MNU, while the contents of other phospholipids and sphingolipids in the retina were not significantly changed than those of the control group. The compositions of almost all of unsaturated fatty acids in the retina increased significantly at day 1 after MNU administration. At day 7, the MNU treatment group has significant increases in lipid species in the retina. However, the majority of lipids containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n‐6) declined, especially di‐DHA phospholipids were dramatically reduced in the retina. In contrast, similar alterations did not occur in plasma or the liver after MNU treatment. These results suggested that at the early stage of photoreceptor degeneration, lipidome remodeling in the retina might involve protection of photoreceptor from apoptosis and continue their transduction of light. However, at the late stage of photoreceptor apoptosis, increases in comprehensive lipid species occurred, likely due to the myelination of the retina. Finally, the deficiency of DHA in photoreceptor degeneration could exacerbate the influence of myelination on retinal function. We further investigated the effects of unsaturated fatty acids on neuronal apoptosis. The preliminary experiments confirmed our observation from lipidomics analysis that unsaturated fatty acids can protect neurons from apoptosis. Collectively, our study suggests that increased levels of DHA should be protective from photoreceptor degeneration.
A wideband circularly polarized reflectarray using novel Pancharatnam‐Berry phase elements
Authors: Sun Luyang , Zhao Yongjiu , Chen Jiaqing , Xing Lei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA wideband circularly polarized reflectarray using novel single layer multi‐resonant Pancharatnam‐Berry (PB) phase elements is proposed. The unit cell consists of an I‐shaped structure and two parallel rectangular patches that generate and regulate three plasmonic resonances, which realizes broadband circular polarization (CP) maintaining reflection from 8.8 to 16 GHz. By gradually rotating the element structures, 360° phase shifts providing reflected phase in different units can be achieved due to the attractive characteristic of PB phase elements. To verify the performance of this design, a prototype of reflectarray with 41 × 41 elements is fabricated and measured. The experimental results indicate that the reflectarray has an excellent performance in terms of 66.9% 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth, 30.5% 1‐dB gain bandwidth, 53.8% 3‐dB gain bandwidth and 52.1% peak aperture efficiency at 12.5 GHz. The design can be a promising candidate for satellite communication applications.
ICAbasedDoAestimation with minimum input data
Authors: Correia Filho Luis Alves , Fontgalland Glauco , Ferreira Paulo Ixtânio Leite 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a method for locating electromagnetic sources with an optimized number of measurements by using Independent Component Analysis method. This method can detect the Direction of Arrival (DoA) of sources in special cases such as application of equal number of sensors and sources and detection of sources placed one behind another (overlapped). Simulations and measurements were performed to evaluate the performance of the presented method as well as the comparison to MUSIC and ESPRIT classical algorithms. The ICA method does not only estimate the number of sources, but also has the capability to correlate the DoA of the estimated signal to its source. The advantages and disadvantages of the three methods show the high potential application of the ICA as DoA algorithm.
Development of attenuation correction methods using deep learning in brain‐perfusion single‐photon emission computed tomography
Authors: Murata Taisuke , Yokota Hajime , Yamato Ryuhei , Horikoshi Takuro , Tsuneda Masato , Kurosawa Ryuna , Hashimoto Takuma , Ota Joji , Sawada Koichi , Iimori Takashi , Masuda Yoshitada , Mori Yasukuni , Suyari Hiroki , Uno Takashi 
Published: June 2021

PurposeComputed tomography (CT)‐based attenuation correction (CTAC) in single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is highly accurate, but it requires hybrid SPECT/CT instruments and additional radiation exposure. To obtain attenuation correction (AC) without the need for additional CT images, a deep learning method was used to generate pseudo‐CT images has previously been reported, but it is limited because of cross‐modality transformation, resulting in misalignment and modality‐specific artifacts. This study aimed to develop a deep learning‐based approach using non‐attenuation‐corrected (NAC) images and CTAC‐based images for training to yield AC images in brain‐perfusion SPECT. This study also investigated whether the proposed approach is superior to conventional Chang’s AC (ChangAC).MethodsIn total, 236 patients who underwent brain‐perfusion SPECT were randomly divided into two groups: the training group (189 patients; 80%) and the test group (47 patients; 20%). Two models were constructed using Autoencoder (AutoencoderAC) and U‐Net (U‐NetAC), respectively. ChangAC, AutoencoderAC, and U‐NetAC approaches were compared with CTAC using qualitative analysis (visual evaluation) and quantitative analysis (normalized mean squared error [NMSE] and the percentage error in each brain region). Statistical analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank sum test and Bland‐Altman analysis.ResultsU‐NetAC had the highest visual evaluation score. The NMSE results for the U‐NetAC were the lowest, followed by AutoencoderAC and ChangAC (P < 0.001). Bland‐Altman analysis showed a fixed bias for ChangAC and AutoencoderAC and a proportional bias for ChangAC. ChangAC underestimated counts by 30–40% in all brain regions. AutoencoderAC and U‐NetAC produced mean errors of <1% and maximum errors of 3%, respectively.ConclusionNew deep learning‐based AC methods for AutoencoderAC and U‐NetAC were developed. Their accuracy was higher than that obtained by ChangAC. U‐NetAC exhibited higher qualitative and quantitative accuracy than AutoencoderAC. We generated highly accurate AC images directly from NAC images without the need for intermediate pseudo‐CT images. To verify our models’ generalizability, external validation is required.
Evaluating the effectiveness of patient tailored treatment for patients with non‐specific low back pain: A systematic review
Authors: Chys M. , Cagnie B. , De Meulemeester K. , Bontinck J. , Meeus M. , Dewitte V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review summarizes the relevant literature on the effectiveness of tailored interventions in non‐specific low back pain (NSLBP).MethodsThe search strategy has been executed in December 2019 in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Embase. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were done independently by two authors.ResultsA total six eligible studies were identified. Five out of six articles used a classification system to subgroup patients. All active patient tailored interventions had similar or better results than the non‐patient tailored interventions, most importantly on pain (short‐ and mid‐term, not for long term follow‐up). Two motor control interventions revealed sustained or increased effects at 12 months follow‐up for disability. For cost‐effectiveness, medication use and work absenteeism, results were inconclusive. Global rating of change evaluation confirmed significant between‐group results at 10 weeks to 4 months follow‐up, but results were not maintained at 12‐month evaluation.Discussion & conclusionOur findings support the preliminary evidence for the use of patient tailored treatment for reductions in pain and disability. However, our results are of very low to moderate quality evidence and the observed effects strongly depend on the subgroups and the chosen interventions. More high‐quality RCT's with homogenous designs and larger sample sizes are needed.
Der erstaunliche Klimafußabdruck von Recycling‐Gold
Authors: Fritz Benjamin , Schmidt Mario 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDer römische Poet Albius Tibullus schrieb in einer seiner Elegien: „Unter Gold verbergen sich oft viele Übel.“ Heute, mehr als 20 Jahrhunderte später, scheint dies trotz der Konfliktmineralienverordnung der EU immer noch richtig zu sein. Aber es gibt Ausnahmen.
Mehr Analyten, kleinere Proben
Authors: Jaeger Carsten , Lisec Jan , Saatz Jessica , Traub Heike , Meermann Björn , von der Au Marcus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUmwelt‐ und Lebensmittelanalytik nutzen verstärkt massenspektrometrische Techniken aus den Lebenswissenschaften. Und mit Techniken aus Geologie und Werkstoffwissenschaften lassen sich auch medizinische Proben untersuchen – ein Überblick über die Entwicklungen in der Massenspektrometrie.
Reach‐Anmeldungen: Wundertüte Naturstoffmischung
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEs ist kaum möglich, ein Gemisch wie Weihrauch für den sicheren Handel nach der EU‐Chemikalienverordnung Reach zu testen – jedenfalls nicht mit vertretbaren Kosten. Unternehmen müssen mit den Behörden gemeinsam eine Lösung finden.
Die Roesslers von der Scheideanstalt
Authors: Offermanns Heribert , Hohmeyer Andrea 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVor 15 Jahren verschwand der Name eines großen deutschen Traditionsunternehmens: Degussa. An Industriegeschichte Interessierte wissen, wofür das Akronym stand: für die 1873 gegründete Aktiengesellschaft „Deutsche Gold‐ und Silber‐Scheideanstalt vormals Roessler“. Wer waren die Roesslers?
Im Hörsaal und vor dem Monitor
Authors: Huy Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHybride Lehrformen kombinieren klassische Veranstaltungen mit der Online‐Übertragung von Lehrinhalten. Hybridlehre hat somit eine Schlüsselfunktion, um Studierenden wieder Unterricht in Präsenz zu ermöglichen. Die Umsetzung erfordert allerdings mehr technische Ausstattung, als in den meisten Hörsälen vorhanden ist. Ein Erfahrungsbericht.
Patente und Lizenzen: Geschützt in die Praxis
Authors: Cuypers Lars 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEine Technologietransfer‐Organisation hilft Max‐Planck‐Instituten dabei, Erfindungen mit Partnern aus der Industrie auf den Markt zu bringen. Beispiele sind luftstabile Ni0‐Stilben‐Katalysatoren oder Nanobänder aus Graphen.
Bilanz 2020: Lanxess
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDer Spezialchemiekonzern Lanxess hat sich im Jahr 2020 umstrukturiert: Er hat keinen Chemieparkanteil mehr, dafür ein Segment mit Produkten, die näher an Verbrauchern als an der Industrie sind.
Nackte Elektronen mit Potenzial
Authors: von Randow Clara Adele , Thiele Günther 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElektridlösungen, also in einem Lösungsmittel solvatisierte Elektronen, sind seit mehr als 200 Jahren bekannt. Inzwischen lassen sie sich nicht nur gut isolieren und charakterisieren, sondern ihre Reaktivität lässt sich auch gezielt nutzen.
Nachruf: Siegfried Hünig (1921 – 2021)
Authors: Würthner Frank , Christl Manfred 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSiegfried Hünig starb am 24. März 2021. Die Siegfried‐Hünig‐Vorlesungen in Würzburg werden die Erinnerungen an ihn lebendig halten.
Efficacy and safety of mirabegron in children and adolescents with neurogenic detrusor overactivity: An open‐label, phase 3, dose‐titration study
Authors: Baka‐Ostrowska Małgorzata , Bolong David T. , Persu Cristian , Tøndel Camilla , Steup Achim , Lademacher Christopher , Martin Nancy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of mirabegron in children and adolescents (aged 3 to <18 years) with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) using clean intermittent catheterization.MethodsIn this open‐label, multicenter, baseline‐controlled, Phase III study (NCT02751931), participants received once‐daily mirabegron at an adult dose equivalent of 25 mg. Dose was increased to 50 mg equivalent unless there were safety/tolerability concerns. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline to Week 24 in maximum cystometric capacity (MCC). Secondary urodynamic assessments, Pediatric Incontinence Questionnaire (PIN‐Q), Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGI‐S), Clinician Global Impression of Change (CGI‐C), and Acceptability questionnaires were included.ResultsOverall, 86 participants (55 aged 3 to <12 years, 31 aged 12 to <18 years) received treatment; 68 were included in efficacy assessments. A statistically significant increase in MCC from baseline to Week 24 was observed (87.20 ml, 95% confidence interval: 66.07, 108.33; p < .001); this increase was apparent from Week 4. Significant increases in bladder compliance, bladder volume until first detrusor contraction, average volume per catheterization, maximum daytime catheterized volume and number of dry days per week. Significant decreases in detrusor pressure and number of leakage episodes per day were also observed. Significant improvement in PGI‐S but not PIN‐Q was observed. Most participants reported their condition had either much or very much improved using the CGI‐C. Mirabegron was well tolerated in this population with a profile aligned with that in adults.ConclusionsMirabegron was effective and well‐tolerated in the treatment of pediatric patients with NDO.
Topology optimization of structures in transient impacts with Coulomb friction
Authors: Kristiansen Hansotto , Poulios Konstantinos , Aage Niels 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper demonstrates gradient driven density‐based topology optimization of transient impact problems with friction. The sensitivities are obtained using the semi‐discrete adjoint approach in which the temporal components are obtained by the "differentiate then discretize" whereas the spatial part is determined discretely. In this work, the sensitivity analysis method is extended to a mixed formulation involving both displacements, velocities, accelerations, and contact forces. The proposed formulation allows to account for frictional impacts during the structural optimization process. A first simple example demonstrates the effects of including frictional impacts into the transient design problem. As a second example, a drop test is considered and a casing for protecting a falling object during a frictional impact, is designed. Solid‐void designs are obtained by application of the robust design formulation combined with a parameter continuation scheme.
Good Quality Care for Cancer Patients Dying in Hospitals, but Information Needs Unmet: Bereaved Relatives’ Survey within Seven Countries
Authors: Haugen Dagny Faksvåg , Hufthammer Karl Ove , Gerlach Christina , Sigurdardottir Katrin , Hansen Marit Irene Tuen , Ting Grace , Tripodoro Vilma Adriana , Goldraij Gabriel , Yanneo Eduardo Garcia , Leppert Wojciech , Wolszczak Katarzyna , Zambon Lair , Passarini Juliana Nalin , Saad Ivete Alonso Bredda , Weber Martin , Ellershaw John , Mayland Catriona Rachel ,   the ERANet-LAC CODE Project Group
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecognized disparities in quality of end-of-life care exist. Our aim was to assess the quality of care for patients dying from cancer, as perceived by bereaved relatives, within hospitals in seven European and South American countries.Materials and MethodsA postbereavement survey was conducted by post, interview, or via tablet in Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, U.K., Germany, Norway, and Poland. Next of kin to cancer patients were asked to complete the international version of the Care Of the Dying Evaluation (i-CODE) questionnaire 6–8 weeks postbereavement. Primary outcomes were (a) how frequently the deceased patient was treated with dignity and respect, and (b) how well the family member was supported in the patient's last days of life.ResultsOf 1,683 potential participants, 914 i-CODE questionnaires were completed (response rate, 54%). Approximately 94% reported the doctors treated their family member with dignity and respect “always” or “most of the time”; similar responses were given about nursing staff (94%). Additionally, 89% of participants reported they were adequately supported; this was more likely if the patient died on a specialist palliative care unit (odds ratio, 6.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.3–17.8). Although 87% of participants were told their relative was likely to die, only 63% were informed about what to expect during the dying phase.ConclusionThis is the first study assessing quality of care for dying cancer patients from the bereaved relatives’ perspective across several countries on two continents. Our findings suggest many elements of good care were practiced but improvement in communication with relatives of imminently dying patients is needed. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03566732).Implications for PracticePrevious studies have shown that bereaved relatives’ views represent a valid way to assess care for dying patients in the last days of their life. The Care Of the Dying Evaluation questionnaire is a suitable tool for quality improvement work to help determine areas where care is perceived well and areas where care is perceived as lacking. Health care professionals need to sustain high quality communication into the last phase of the cancer trajectory. In particular, discussions about what to expect when someone is dying and the provision of hydration in the last days of life represent key areas for improvement.