bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frictions in the bioeconomy? A case study of policy translations and innovation practices
Authors: Solbu Gisle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBuilding on a case study of a strategic funding initiative for biotechnology research and innovation, the paper analyses how policy objectives concerning innovation and value creation are responded to within the practices of researchers and governance actors. The paper employs an analytical perspective that centres on the interrelation between policy articulations and actors’ daily work practices and provides a novel study of how innovation demands are negotiated and made sense of within the context of three different empirical sites: national policy and science governance, intermediary science governance, and research practices. The paper addresses a problematic ‘hopeful’ mode of governance in today’s policy that is based on the idea of filling innovation deficits in current practices. As an alternative to this mode, the paper argues for the need for a more empathetic and practice-oriented policy discourse on innovation and value creation.
Twenty years of evolution and diversification of digitaria streak virus in Digitaria setigera
Authors: Ortega-del Campo Sergio , Grigoras Ioana , Timchenko Tatiana , Gronenborn Bruno , Grande-Pérez Ana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Within the family Geminiviridae, the emergence of new species results from their high mutation and recombination rates. In this study, we report the variability and evolution of digitaria streak virus (DSV), a mastrevirus isolated in 1986 from the grass Digitaria setigera in an island of the Vanuatu archipelago. Viral DNA of DSV samples was amplified from D. setigera specimens, derived from the naturally infected original plant, which were propagated in different laboratories in France and Italy for more than 20 years. From the consensus sequences, the nucleotide substitution rate was estimated for the period between a sample and the original sequence published in 1987, as well as for the period between samples. In addition, the intra-host genetic complexity and diversity of 8 DSV populations with a total of 165 sequenced haplotypes was characterized. The evolutionary rate of DSV was estimated to be between 1.13 × 10−4 and 9.87 × 10−4 substitutions/site/year, within the ranges observed in other single-stranded DNA viruses and RNA viruses. Bioinformatic analyses revealed high variability and heterogeneity in DSV populations, which confirmed that mutant spectra are continuously generated and are organized as quasispecies. The analysis of polymorphisms revealed nucleotide substitution biases in viral genomes towards deamination and oxidation of single-stranded DNA. The differences in variability in each of the genomic regions reflected a dynamic and modular evolution in the mutant spectra that was not reflected in the consensus sequences. Strikingly, the most variable region of the DSV genome, encoding the movement protein, showed rapid fixation of the mutations in the consensus sequence and a concomitant dN/dS ratio of 6.130, which suggests strong positive selection in this region. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a possible divergence in three genetic lineages from the original Vanuatu DSV isolate.
Employment Status Transition Predicts Adult Obesity Trajectory
Authors: Kang Young Joong , Lee Dong-wook , Park Min Young , Kang Mo-Yeol 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
To investigate the impact of employment status on health by describing obesity trajectories with employment status transitions.

Methods:
We used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service - National Sample Cohort 2006–2015 data. Employment status transitions were measured using four categories: continuously non-employed, continuously employed, transition into employment, and transition out of employment. The time trends in the likelihood of obesity were examined both before and after employment status transition.

Results:
The time trends of the likelihood of obesity showed a significantly increasing trend in the transition into employment group, especially in younger men, and increasing trends of obesity among the transition out of employment group, especially in older female participants.

Conclusions:
This study found increase in obesity prevalence of men after transition into employment and of women after transition out of employment.
Rectovaginal Fistula in Women With Pessary for Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Miranda Varella Pereira Glaucia , Oliveira Brito Luiz Gustavo , Slongo Helena , Carvalho de Araújo Camila , Benedito de Castro Edilson , Teatin Juliato Cássia Raquel 
Published: September 2021

Objective
In this study, we present a series of 2 cases of rectovaginal fistula (RVF) due to the use of a ring-type pessary in the conservative treatment of pelvic organ prolapse and a literature review on the management of RVF related to the use of pessaries.

Methods
Two patients were selected from the medical records of the urogynecology service, and their demographic and clinical data were retrieved. An updated literature review was included presenting cases of RVF induced by or after use of a pessary.

Results
Both patients evolved with removal of the pessary and correction of the fistula. The surgical procedures of choice were Le Fort Colpocleisis and posterior colporraphy without major complications. In the literature review, we selected 17 studies with a total of 23 cases reporting RVFs induced or followed by the use of pessaries.

Conclusions
Although the pessary is commonly indicated for the conservative treatment of pelvic organ prolapse, this device is not exempt from generating complications.
Clinical Feasibility of High-Resolution Contrast-Enhanced Dynamic T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Upper Abdomen Using Compressed Sensing
Authors: Kim Yeonsoo , Hwang Jiyoung , Hong Seong Sook , Kim Hyun-joo , Chang Yun-Woo , Sung JaeKon , Nickel Dominik 
Published: September 2021

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical feasibility of high-resolution contrast-enhanced dynamic T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) using compressed sensing (CS) in magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods
This study retrospectively included 35 patients who underwent dynamic T1WI using volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) with CS reconstruction (CS-VIBE) and 35 patients with conventional VIBE for comparison. Two observers assessed the liver and pancreas edges, hepatic artery, motion artifacts, and overall image quality. Quantitative analysis was performed by measuring signal intensity and image noise.

Results
The results showed that CS-VIBE achieved significantly better anatomic delineation of the liver and pancreas edges and hepatic artery clarity than VIBE (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in motion artifacts in dynamic phases and overall image quality. The signal intensities and INs of CS-VIBE were higher than VIBE.

Conclusions
High-resolution dynamic T1WI using CS provides better anatomic delineation with comparable or better overall image quality than conventional VIBE.
Intermittent Administration Regimen of Sirolimus for Refractory Cervicofacial Lymphatic Malformation
Authors: Gao Qingwen , Chen Haini , Sun Buhao , Cui Jie , Shen Weimin 
Published: September 2021

Background:
The cervicofacial lymphatic malformations (LMs) often have poor outcomes due to their microcystic component and diffuse infiltration. Mostly, traditional treatments are inadequate for these refractory cases. Recent researches have shown that sirolimus is effective in the treatment of complicated LMs, however, there is still no standard strategy.

Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intermittent oral sirolimus in treating refractory cervicofacial LMs as a second-line treatment.

Methods:
Fifteen pediatric patients of refractory cervicofacial LMs were retrospectively analyzed in this study. All the cases had received traditional therapy before, but could not completely control the symptoms and eliminate lesions. As a remedy, sirolimus was then proceeded with an intermittent administration regimen, that is 3 continuous months as a course and started the next course after 1 month interval. The clinical characteristics, imaging data of patients, the changes in the signs and symptoms observed, and associated adverse effects were collected and analyzed.

Results:
The patients initiated sirolimus therapy at the average age of 2.3 years (range 28 days-8 years 9 months). At the end point of the study, 2 patients remained on sirolimus in continuous courses of treatment. Of 13 patients who withdrawn therapy, 4 had restarted due to recurrence of symptoms and re-expansion of LMs. All patients demonstrated reduction in residual LMs and complete disappearance of symptoms during treatment, and 2 patients with complete resolution on imaging. Toxicity was tolerant in this series. There was no patient develop opportunistic or systemic bacterial infection.

Conclusions:
Sirolimus is commended as a second-line treatment to treat intractable cervicofacial LMs after failure of traditional therapy. The intermittent administration regimen is efficacious to completely control symptoms and partially reduce residual lesions with good tolerance and limited side effects.
Invasive Mucormycosis Involving the Laryngopharynx After Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Lee Yeong Ju , Lee Yoon Se 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Invasive larynx or pharyngeal fungal infections are rare. We report an invasive fungal laryngopharyngitis patient who complained of a persistent sore throat after an allogenic bone marrow transplant and a haploidentical stem cell transplant. An antifungal gargle was used after finding necrotic changes extending from the right soft palate to the aryepiglottic fold. Biopsy and culture suggested a fungal infection with suspicious mucormycosis. imaging showed the right oropharynx, supraglottis, and the para- pharnygeal space were involved. After initiating liposomal amphotericin В for 4 days, wide excisional debridement, and a partial pharyngectomy with an anterolateral thigh free flap including the deep fascia were performed. Amphotericin B and posaconazole were used subsequently. Pathology assessment indicated invasive mucormycosis. There was no recurrence for 9 months. Mucormycosis is a fatal opportunistic infection often seen in immunocompromised patients. Rapid detection, radical resection, and reconstruction can save the patient from a life-threatening fungal infection of the laryngopharynx.
Socioeconomic Disparities in the Surgical Management of Craniosynostosis
Authors: Mozaffari Mohammad Ali , Hauc Sacha C. , Junn Adam H. , Junn Alexandra , Dinis Jacob , Alperovich Michael 
Published: September 2021

Background:
The updated ICD-10 coding system introduced partway through 2015 offers codes with increased granularity for disease and procedure types. This is the first study to use ICD-10 codes to investigate disparities in the surgical management for craniosynostosis.

Methods:
Using the Kids’ Inpatient Database univariable analyses were performed to compare the relative odds of undergoing strip craniectomy, either endoscopic (ESC) or open (OSC), or calvarial vault remodeling (CVR) based on a variety of demographic and hospital-level variables.

Results:
Of the 2,874 patients identified, 2,352 underwent CVR while 522 underwent SC. Of those undergoing SC, 295 and 228 had an endoscopic and open procedure, respectively. A greater proportion of patients who had private insurance (58.14% versus 47.49%) or were self-pay (8.06% versus 6.28%) underwent SC, whereas a higher percentage who were covered under Medicaid (46.23% versus 32.8%; P < 0.001) received CVR. ESC patients were 2.16 times more likely to have private insurance and 2.07 times more likely to be from the highest income quartile compared to OSC patients. However, there were no differences in terms of insurance type or income level between those undergoing CVR compared to OSC.

Conclusions:
Our study found that the difference between CVR and SC can be attributed to the difference in the endoscopic versus open approaches to SC. Although the socioeconomic disparities persisted in the comparison between ESC and OSC, with patients receiving ESC coming from wealthier and commercially insured families, the same differences were not observed when comparing CVR with OSC.
Systematic review of temporary intravascular shunt use in military and civilian extremity trauma
Authors: Laverty Robert B. , Treffalls Rebecca N. , Kauvar David S. 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND
The use of temporary intravascular shunts (TIVS) in the setting of military and civilian trauma has grown in recent years, predominantly because of the mounting evidence of improved limb outcomes. We sought to characterize the use and outcomes of TIVS in trauma through a systematic review of military and civilian literature.

METHODS
The MEDLINE, EBSCO, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies on TIVS use in military and civilian trauma settings published between January 2000 and March 2021. Reports lacking systematic data collection along with those with insufficient TIVS descriptive and outcome data were excluded. Data regarding the characteristics and outcomes of TIVS were assessed and collective syntheses of military and civilian data performed.

RESULTS
Twenty-one reports were included, 14 from civilian trauma centers or databases and 7 from military field data or databases (total of 1,380 shunts in 1,280 patients). Sixteen were retrospective cohort studies, and four were prospective. Five studies had an unshunted comparison group. Shunts were predominantly used in the lower extremity and most commonly for damage control indications. Dwell times were infrequently reported and were not consistently linked to shunt thrombosis or other complications. Anticoagulation during shunting was sparsely reported and inconsistently applied. Shunted limbs had higher injury severity than unshunted limbs but similar salvage rates.

CONCLUSION
Temporary intravascular shunts are effective for expeditious restoration of perfusion in severely injured limbs and likely contribute to limb salvage. There is a paucity of comparative TIVS data in the literature and no consistently applied reporting standards, so controversies regarding TIVS use remain.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Systematic Review, level IV.
Readmission for pleural space complications after chest wall injury: Who is at risk?
Authors: Kay Annika B. , Morris David S. , Gardner Scott , Majercik Sarah , White Thomas W. 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND
Little is known about patient characteristics predicting postdischarge pleural space complications (PDPSCs) after thoracic trauma. We sought to analyze the patient population who required unplanned hospital readmission for PDPSC.

METHODS
Retrospective review of adult patients admitted to a Level I Trauma Center with a chest Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score of 2 or greater between January 2015 and August 2020. Those readmitted within 30 days of index hospitalization discharge for PDPSC were compared with those not readmitted. Demographics, injury characteristics, surgical procedures, imaging, and readmission data were retrieved.

RESULTS
Out of 17,192 trauma evaluations, 3,412 (19.8%) suffered a chest AIS score of 2 or greater injury and 155 experienced an unplanned 30-day hospital readmission. Of those, 49 (1.4%) were readmitted for the management of PDPSC (readmit PDPSC) and were compared with patients who were not readmitted (no readmit, n = 3,257). The readmit PDPSC group was significantly older age, heavier, comprised of fewer men, and suffered a higher mean chest AIS score. The readmit PDPSC group had a significantly higher incidence of rib fractures, flail chest, pneumothorax, hemothorax, scapula fractures, and a higher rate of tube thoracostomy placement during index admission. The discharge chest X-ray in the readmit PDPSC group demonstrated a pleural space abnormality in 36 (73%) of patients. Mean time to readmission was 10.2 (7.2) days, and hospital length of stay on readmission was 5.8 (3.7) days. Pleural effusion was the most common readmission diagnosis (44 [90%]), and 42 (86%) required tube thoracostomy.

CONCLUSION
We describe the subset of chest wall injury patients who require hospital readmission for PDPSC. Characteristics from index hospitalization associated with PDPSC include older age, female sex, heavier weight, presence of rib fractures, pleural space abnormality, scapular fracture, and chest tube placement. Further studies are needed to characterize this at-risk chest wall injury population, and to determine what interventions can facilitate outpatient management of postdischarge pleural space complications and mitigate readmission risk.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and epidemiologic, Level IV; Care management, Level V.
Lamotrigine for Treating Anger in Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Thompson Shabnam I. , El-Saden Suzie M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Lamotrigine is an antiepileptic drug that was Food and Drug Administration approved in 2003 for use in the maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder to delay the time to recurrence of new mood episodes. The mechanism by which lamotrigine achieves its therapeutic effect in the treatment of bipolar disorder is unknown. Here, we report on 2 Veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) endorsing significant anger, aggression, and agitation, who were treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, but whose residual symptoms of anger and aggression were ultimately successfully managed with lamotrigine augmentation. The authors would like to make mental health providers aware of the impact that lamotrigine may have on PTSD symptomology, especially when used to treat anger and aggression in patients with PTSD.
Green spotted puffers can detect an almost nontoxic TTX analog odor using crypt olfactory sensory neurons
Authors: Suzuki Takehisa , Nakahigashi Ryota , Adachi Masaatsu , Nishikawa Toshio , Abe Hideki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTetrodotoxin (TTX) is a well-known neurotoxin that functions as a defense substance for toxic puffers. Several behavioral studies reported that TTX attracts toxic puffers belonging to the genus Takifugu. Although our electrophysiological and behavioral studies showed that a TTX analog, 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, acts as an olfactory chemoattractant for grass puffers (T. alboplumbeus), it is unclear whether toxic puffers are commonly attracted to 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, and which types of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) detect 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX.Here we investigated whether the green spotted puffer (Dichotomyctere nigroviridis), a phylogenetically different species from the grass puffer, is attracted to 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX. Administration of 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX attracted green spotted puffers, but TTX or vehicle did not. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry of the olfactory epithelium exposed to 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX with an antibody against phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (pS6), a neuronal activity marker, labeled oval cells with apical invagination. These oval cells were also labeled by the antibody against S100, a specific marker of crypt OSNs. Thus, our results suggest that 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX acts as an olfactory chemoattractant that is detected by crypt-type OSNs in the olfactory epithelium of green spotted puffers. Toxic puffers may use 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX as an olfactory chemoattractant involved in reproduction and parental care or as an olfactory cue of TTX-bearing organisms for effective toxification.Summary statementBehavioral and immunohistochemical experiments suggest that an almost nontoxic TTX analog, 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, acts as an olfactory chemoattractant for green spotted puffers, and crypt-type olfactory sensory neurons detect it.
Short-term assessment of subfoveal injection of AAV2-hCHM gene augmentation in choroideremia using adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy
Authors: Morgan Jessica I. W. , Jiang Yu You , Vergilio Grace K. , Serrano Leona W. , Pearson Denise J. , Bennett Jean , Maguire Albert M. , Aleman Tomas S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSubretinal injection for gene augmentation in retinal degenerations forcefully detaches the neural retina from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), potentially damaging photoreceptors and/or RPE cells. Here, we use adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) to assess the short-term integrity of the cone mosaic following subretinal injections of AAV2-hCHM gene augmentation in subjects with choroideremia (CHM). Nine adult CHM patients received uniocular subfoveal injections of low dose (5x1010 vector genome (vg) per eye, n=5) or high dose (1x1011 vg per eye, n=4) AAV2-hCHM. The macular regions of both eyes were imaged pre- and one-month post-injection using a custom-built, multimodal AOSLO. Post-injection cone inner segment mosaics were compared to pre-injection mosaics at multiple regions of interest (ROIs). Post-injection AOSLO images showed preservation of the cone mosaic in all 9 AAV2-hCHM injected eyes. Mosaics appeared intact and contiguous one-month post-injection, with the exception of foveal disruption in one patient. Co-localized optical coherence tomography showed foveal cone outer segment (COS) shortening post-injection (significant, n=4; non-significant, n=4; unchanged, n=1). Integrity of the cone mosaic is maintained following subretinal delivery of AAV2-hCHM, providing strong evidence in support of the safety of the injections. Minor foveal thinning observed following surgery corresponds with short-term COS shortening rather than cone cell loss.
Global distribution of the rooting zone water storage capacity reflects plant adaptation to the environment
Authors: Stocker Benjamin D. , Tumber-Dávila Shersingh Joseph , Konings Alexandra G. , Anderson Martha B. , Hain Christopher , Jackson Robert B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe rooting zone water storage capacity (S0) extends from the soil surface to the weathered bedrock (the Critical Zone) and determines land-atmosphere exchange during dry periods. Despite its importance to land-surface modeling, variations ofS0across space are largely unknown as they cannot be observed directly. We developed a method to diagnose global variations ofS0from the relationship between vegetation activity (measured by sun-induced fluorescence and by the evaporative fraction) and the cumulative water deficit (CWD). We then show that spatial variations inS0can be predicted from the assumption that plants are adapted to sustain CWD extremes occurring with a return period that is related to the life form of dominant plants and the large-scale topographical setting. Predicted biome-levelS0distributions, translated to an apparent rooting depth (zr) by accounting for soil texture, are consistent with observations from a comprehensivezrdataset. Large spatial variations inS0across the globe reflect adaptation ofzrto the hydroclimate and topography and implies large heterogeneity in the sensitivity of vegetation activity to drought. The magnitude ofS0inferred for most of the Earth’s vegetated regions and particularly for those with a large seasonality in their hydroclimate indicates an important role for plant access to water stored at depth - beyond the soil layers commonly considered in land-surface models.