bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kidney aging.Geriatric view
Authors: Merkusheva L. I. , Runikhina N. K. , Tkacheva O. N. 
Published: April 2021

Individuals age >65 years old are the fastest expanding population demographic throughout the developed world. Consequently, more aged patients than before are receiving diagnoses of impaired renal function and nephrosclerosis. In this review, we examine these features of the aged kidney and explore the various validated and putative pathways contributing to the changes observed with aging. Senescence or normal physiologic aging portrays the expected age-related changes in the kidney as compared to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in some individuals. The microanatomical structural changes of the kidney with older age include a decreased number of functional glomeruli from an increased prevalence of nephrosclerosis (arteriosclerosis, glomerulosclerosis, and tubular atrophy with interstitialﬁbrosis), and to some extent, compensatory hypertrophy of remaining nephrons. Among the macroanatomical structural changes, older age associates with smaller cortical volume. There is reason to be concerned that the elderly are being misdiagnosed with CKD. In addition to the structural changes in the kidney associated with aging, physiological changes in renal function are also found in older adults, such as decreased glomerular ﬁltration rate, vascular dysautonomia, altered tubular handling of creatinine, reduction in sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion, and diminished renal reserve. These alterations make aged individuals susceptible to the development of clinical conditions in response to usual stimuli that would otherwise be compensated for in younger individuals, including acute kidney injury, volume depletion and overload, disorders of serum sodium and potassium concentration, and toxic reactions to water -soluble drugs excreted by the kidneys. Additionally, the preservation with aging of a normal urinalysis, normal serum urea and creatinine values, erythropoietin synthesis, and normal phosphorus, calcium and magnesium tubular handling distinguishes decreased GFR due to normal aging from that due to chronic kidney disease.
Joint pain treatment planning in osteoarthritis patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Naumov A. V. , Kotovskaya Yu. V. , Moroz V. I. , Khovasova N. O. , Meshkov A. D. , Manevich T. M. , Demenok D. V. 
Published: April 2021

Treatment of osteoarthritis, as the most common pathology of the musculoskeletal system, presents certain clinical difﬁculties in comorbid patients. The frequent combination of osteoarthritis (OA) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes mellitus type 2 and other cardiometabolic pathologies raises questions about the safety of pain relievers in the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Safe treatment for chronic pain syndrome implies an informed decision about the risks / beneﬁts of using any analgesic intervention. Particular attention should be paid to the decision on the appointment of non-steroidal anti-inﬂammatory drugs (NSAIDs). An alternative strategy for the treatment of joint pain in patients with CKD may be the use of chondroitin sulfate prescription form. Particular attention should be paid to the possibility of using the parenteral form of the drug, which has reliable evidence, faster onset of the clinical effect of analgesia, with a potential protective effect on the structure of joint tissues.
Maggot debridement therapy for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: robbing the rich past to give to the sore
Authors: Cutteridge Joseph , Bera Katarzyna 
Published: April 2021

A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus that results in significant morbidity and mortality. The lifetime risk of a patient with diabetes developing a DFU is 15-25%1. Furthermore, the incidence of DFUs is increasing in line with the growing burden of diabetes worldwide. The number of lower limb amputations secondary to diabetes has reached an all-time high in England, with 26,378 recorded from 2014-2017, an increase of 19.4% from 2010-20132. Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) involves the application of sterile larvae, usually of the species Lucilla sericata (common green bottle fly), which remove devitalised tissue to promote wound healing. This historical therapy re-emerged in the 1990s to combat the increasing incidence of recalcitrant wounds, such as DFUs. Since its reintroduction, there has been ongoing debate in the medical literature regarding the efficacy of MDT in the treatment of DFUs and other chronic wounds. We present the case of a 57-year-old male admitted with diabetic foot sepsis and multiorgan failure and discuss how MDT was used to complement initial surgical and antibiotic management. A 14-day course of MDT improved wound debridement and decreased necrotic tissue burden, after which no further surgical interventions were needed. This case provides further evidence that MDT is effective in the selective debridement of necrotic tissue and can aid the preservation of limb length in DFU patients, thereby highlighting the importance of MDT in multispecialist diabetic foot care.
PEMPERDAYAAN PETANI PADI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EKONOMI PERTANIAN MELALUI IMPLEMENTASI MESIN THRESHER DI DESA OPO-OPO SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Imaduddin Ilmi Rizki Imaduddin , Jannah Raudhatul , Dani Irfan , Putra Hendriano Andika , Imaduddin Muhammad , Umam Moch Chotibul , Rifqi Muhammad Wildan , Andhika Leo , Muniri Misbahul 
Published: April 2021

Dampak terpuruknya perekonomian masyarakat akibat pandemi COVID-19 terjadi pula pada para petani padi dalam melakukan hasil panennya. Banyak petani tidak mematuhi protokol kesehatan COVID-19, dan di samping itu juga banyaknya pekerja dalam melakukan panen membutuhkan biaya yang cukup banyak, dan alat yang digunakan untuk panen padi tersebut masih menggunakan alat yang manual, sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama. Oleh karna itu itu metode yang digunakan pada PKM ini meliputi, (i) Penelitian awal, (ii) Perumusan masalah dan tujuan penelitian, (iii) Pengumpulan data, (iv) Perancangan mesin theser padi otomatis, (v) Implementasi hasil rancangan mesin thresher padi otomatis, (vi) Pengujian mesin thresherpadi otomatis, (vii) Kesimpulan, untuk peningkatan ekonomi pertanian yang dapa membuat petani lebih cepat proses panennya dari pada sebelumnya. Hasil dari perontokkan padi 1000-1800 per jam, dengan luas lahan antara 150 m3 – 220 m3, dengan putaran motor 106.2 S – 35.7 S. Program kemitraan masyarakat (PKM) ini juga sebagai sarana peningkatan ekonomi pertanian di Desa Opo-opo Kecamatan Krejengan Kabupaten Probolinggo di masa pandemi COVID-19.
Médias ethniques chinois en France : des espaces de communication intra-diaspora en marge de la société ?
Authors: Li Zhipeng 
Published: April 2021

Cet article décrit le développement récent des médias en langue chinoise en France, et plus spécifiquement des « médias ethniques », à savoir des médias créés par et pour les migrants chinois. Il met en évidence le lien étroit entre ces médias ethniques et la formation de l’entrepreneuriat diasporique dans le pays d’installation, qui repose sur des stratégies et des objectifs (aussi bien économiques que politiques) internes au groupe diasporique et peu visibles par le reste de la société française. Par ailleurs, cet article souhaite aussi aborder une évolution récente, quoique marginale : le développement de médias ethniques en langue française ciblant en priorité les descendants d’immigrés chinois. Si elle se confirmait, cette tendance pourrait contribuer à élargir la visibilité de ces médias. Le présent article repose sur des données collectées au cours de plusieurs enquêtes qualitatives auprès des organes de presse de la diaspora chinoise en France.
Repenser l’identité de l’aviateur en raison des considérations technologiques et prospectives
Authors: Mestre Thierry 
Published: April 2021

Pendant longtemps, l’aviateur s’est identifié au pilote, le héros de l’air. Aujourd’hui, les conditions d’emploi ont évolué avec des perspectives et des emplois différents, bien éloignés des « As » des premiers temps. Pour autant, l’Armée de l’air et de l’espace pourra toujours s’appuyer sur des aviateurs fiers d’eux et de leurs missions.
Il y a vingt ans, l’opération Héraclès : un succès à revisiter
Authors: Lavernhe Thibault 
Published: April 2021

Le groupe aéronaval autour du porte-avions Charles-de-Gaulle , alors juste entré en service, a été engagé pour Héraclès . Le saut qualitatif fut important avec cette opération et a fait progresser nos forces. Ses leçons restent pertinentes avec l’arrivée de nouveaux systèmes comme les Fremm et les SNA de la classe « Suffren ».
TEACHING NURSING DIAGNOSES TO SCHOOL NURSES: A Standardized Measure of the Cognitive Effect
Authors: Crosby Frances Stevralia , Dunn Joan Dolce 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A continuing education program on nursing diagnosis was conducted for school health nurses. A formal evaluation procedure was performed to measure the programs effectiveness in cognitive and behavioral terms. This article describes the process to measure the cognitive impact. Twenty-one school nurses volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to the experimental group (N = 10) or the control group (N = 11). Five school health or nursing diagnosis experts created and reviewed two case studies in a two-round review for consensus and to validate a rating standard. Nurses in the experimental group read and assigned nursing diagnoses to a case study, before and after participating in the five-week program. Accurate nursing diagnoses reported for the case study increased with statistical significance from pre to post test. While behavior, or use of nursing diagnoses in clinical practice, was the ultimate goal, assurance of the ability to accurately assign nursing diagnoses was an essential intermediate step. The simulated case study, with an expert panel to formulate an objective rating standard, provided a feasible and effective method to measure accurate identification of nursing diagnoses, the cognitive domain.
OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE PCL INJURIES WITH ASSOCIATED PATHOLOGY: LONG-TERM RESULTS
Authors: Barrett Gene R , Savoie Felix H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Eighteen consecutive patients with posterior cruciate ligament injury and associated pathology were reviewed. All were re-examined with an average follow up of 5.4 years (range: 3.5 to 7.5). Six posterior cruciate ligaments were repaired to the femur with multiple #2 nonabsorbable suture, and one "mop end" mid-substance tear was repaired with sutures in each stump. Seven mid-substance tears were repaired and augmented with the semitendinosus tendon, while four additional mid-substance tears were repaired and augmented with the semitendinosus tendon and a Dacron stent (Meadox). One medial meniscus was repaired and one was partially excised, and one lateral meniscus tear was partially excised. The anterior cruciate ligament was repaired to the tibia in two knees, left alone (interstitial tear) in two, and excised with extraarticular iliotibial band tenodesis augmentation in five.
At follow up, arthrometer readings (Stryker) correlated well with clinical examination. The four knees with Dacron stent had a 0 to 1 mm difference at 90°, while the failures had greater than 5 to 6 mm. Six of these were in the repair alone group and two were in the repair with semitendinosus augmentation group. Eight knees (44.5%) had radiographic changes primarily in the medial compartment Using Hughston's perimeters to evaluate the results, objective 55.5% (10) were rated good, 27.8% (5) were rated fain, and 16.7% <3) were rated poor or failures. Using Clancy's criteria, 22.2% (4) were excellent, 22.2% (4) were good, 44.5% (8) were fair, and 11.1% (2) were rated failures.
Neither repair of the posterior cruciate ligament alone or semitendinosus augmentation of the proximal one third or mid third substance tears gave adequate stabilization in this series. A synthetic stent does seem to keep the tibia in a reduced position and improve results. This eliminates problems with pins and braces in an attempt to maintain the tibia in a reduced position. Although the patella tendon was not utilized in this retrospective study, we do not know what effect this would have on the frequently affected patellofemoral joint during the rehabilitation phase of this type of injury.
An Innovative Method Using the Leeds-Keio Artificial Ligament in the Unstable Spine
Authors: Mochida Joji , Toh Eiren , Suzuki Kanae , Chiba Masahiro , Arima Toni 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We have designed two innovative surgical procedures using the Leeds-Keio artificial ligament to solve the difficult problems caused by the difference in physical properties between bone structure and spinal implants, such as pedicle screw systems, used for treating the unstable lumbar spine. The procedures aim at intervertebral immobilization or reinforcement of a posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Twenty-one patients with over 2 years of follow up were evaluated. The clinical results showed these procedures to be advantageous compared with various pedicle screw systems. We conclude that these combined procedures may be applicable to patients with various types of unstable lumbar spine problems who, until now, were treated with instrumentation surgery. The best indications for these two procedures are degenerative spondylolisthesis or degenerative disk lesion with various instabilities, degenerative canal stenosis for which wide laminectomy is essential, and herniated disk with instability during flexion.
A Simple Method to Measure Compartment Pressures Using an Intravenous Catheter
Authors: Wilson Scott C , Vrahas Mark S , Berson Lawrence , Paul Emmanuel M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A simple method was investigated to measure compartment pressures using 16-ga intravenous catheters with or without side ports attached by arterial line tubing to a pressure transducer. Pressure measurements from the experimental catheters were within 4 mm Hg of the slit catheter for 99% of all readings, and pressure measurements from the Stryker device were within 5 mm Hg of the slit catheter for 95% of all readings. The addition of one or two side ports to the experimental catheters did not alter the pressure readings. This method is comparable in accuracy to the slit catheter and in simplicity to the Stryker device.
Lateral Extracavitary Approach to the Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Spine
Authors: Graham Angus W , Millan Michael Mac , Fessler Richard G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Twenty-nine patients with anterior spinal cord compression underwent decompression and fusion through a laterally based approach to the thoracic and thoracolumbar spine. The lateral extracavitary approach allows access to the vertebral bodies as well as the posterior elements through a single incision. This approach was chosen for patients who had complicating medical conditions that made staged procedures less desirable. Ten men and 19 women with an average age of 53 years were studied. Diagnoses included post-traumatic deformity, metastatic disease, osteomyelitis, and primary neoplasms. Twenty-three patients had frank neurologic loss preoperatively, and 28 patients had significant medical comorbidities as evidenced by American Society of Anesthesiology classes II, III, and IV. One patient died postoperatively from pneumonia, which developed in a lung with metastatic disease, and two patients developed seromas that subsequently became infected. The average intensive care unit stay was less than 2 days. Patients remained intubated for an average of 1 3 hours after surgery.
In this population of medically compromised patients with difficult spinal disease, the lateral extracavitary approach provided an effective means of one-stage treatment. Patients tolerated the procedure, and cardiopulmonary complications were minimal. This approach is most appropriate in patients who require posterior stabilization in conjunction with anterior stabilization.
Dissociated Horizontal Deviation
Authors: Wilson M Edward , McClatchey Scott K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Despite the emphasis placed on the vertical aspect of the deviation by its currently accepted clinical label, dissociated vertical deviation is well known to include movements in both the torsional and horizontal planes. When the horizontal component is very prominent, dissociated horizontal deviation is suggested as an appropriate label. We report the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of six patients with a dissociated horizontal deviation that was marked enough to be the reason for seeking medical attention. All patients underwent lateral rectus recession unilaterally or bilaterally, alone or in combination with superior rectus recession. In addition, we report the use of the darkening wedge test to demonstrate the Bielschowsky phenomenon in the horizontal plane. This phenomenon, a dissociated exotropia spontaneously moving toward and crossing the midline to become an esotropia under cover when a progressively darkening filter is placed over the fixing eye, has not to our knowledge been previously reported.
Radiation Regression Patterns in Treated Retinoblastoma: 7 to 21 Years Later
Authors: Abramson David H , Gerardi Cynthia M , Ellsworth Robert M , McCormic Beryl , Sussman David , Turner Liebert 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A retrospective review of cases on file at the Ophthalmic Oncology Center of The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York was performed in order to examine the appearance of radiation regression patterns 7 or more years after successful treatment of retinoblastoma with external beam radiotherapy.
Forty-eight patients were found to have 89 tumors in 57 eyes which were treated solely with external beam radiation; they were followed for a minimum of 7 years and had sufficient information available for analysis. All but five of the patients had bilateral retinoblastoma. Seventy-four of the 89 tumors continued to be ophthalmoscopically visible after 7 or more years. Taking into account those that did change between the time of first evaluation (usually at the completion of treatment) and final evaluation (7 or more years after treatment), the number of Type I regressions increased by 10.1%, Type lis decreased by 19.1%, Type Ills fell by 7.8%, Type IVs rose by 10.1%, and the number of tumors that disappeared increased by 6.8%. Type Il remained the most common regression throughout the follow-up. The regression with the greatest potential for change was the Type Il regression. The pretreatment volume of the tumor correlated with long-term radiation regression patterns. The smallest tumors (mean size 1.1 dd [disc diameter] or less in size) completely disappeared, while the largest (mean 9.9 dd) became Type I regressions.
Stereopsis Testing to Reduce Overreferral in Preschool Vision Screening
Authors: Ruttum Mark S , Nelson David B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Three- and 4-year-old children who obtain the minimum failing visual acuity result of one-line difference between eyes in preschool vision screening with isolated optotypes have a high rate of overreferral. We evaluated the Random Dot E Stereotest (RDES) to determine if a passing result at a high threshold on this test, as administered by lay screeners, could safely nullify referral for a minimum failing visual acuity test result. Fifty-eight children with a "one-line difference" result also had the RDES administered to them during screening at distances of 40 cm and 1.5 m. Upon subsequent ophthalmologic examination, 45 of these children were found to be normal, and 13 had abnormal findings. Thirty-nine of the children with normal examinations had correctly passed the RDES at 1.5 m. Seven of the 13 children with abnormal findings had correctly failed the RDES. Thus, the specificity of stereotesting was 87% and the sensitivity was 54%. Among the six children who falsely passed the stereopsis test during screening, best-corrected visual acuity was no worse than 20/40 and no child had greater than a one-line difference in acuity. Therefore, no amblyopia was missed. If a passing result on the stereotest at 1.5 m had been allowed to nullify a one-line difference referral, overreferral would have decreased 87% but underreferral would have increased 46%. We cannot yet recommend modifying current visual acuity referral criteria based on stereopsis testing results until the sensitivity of stereopsis screening by lay screeners at a sufficient threshold is improved.
Strabismus Following Endoscopic Intranasal Sinus Surgery
Authors: Eitzen John P , Elsas Frederick J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two patients developed exotropia with limited medial rectus function following endoscopic intranasal ethmoid sinus surgery. In both patients, fractures occurred in the medial orbital wall. The first patient required horizontal rectus muscle surgery to regain ocular alignment. The second required no surgery, but was left with limited horizontal motility secondary to scarring at the fracture site. While endoscopic techniques improve the surgeon's view of sinus anatomy, they do not eliminate the risk of entering the orbit and causing ocular complications.
Predictors of Prism Response During Prism Adaptation
Authors: Repka Michael X , Wentworth Deborah 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Results of the Prism Adaptation Study (PAS) indicate that prism adaptation improves the success rate of strabismus surgery for patients with acquired esotropia. Patients who show a fusion response to the prisms benefit most from this preoperative treatment. This study analyzes the characteristics of those patients who were and were not prism responders in the PAS. Significant factors predicting a prism response included: patients who were older at the time of onset of their esodevlation (P = .007), duration of deviation less than 1 year (P = .04), alternating fixation (P = .003), fusion on the Worth four-dot test at near with prism neutralization (P = .008), and equal vision (P = .009). Demographic characteristics were similar for both responders and nonresponders except that non-Hispanic patients were significantly more likely to respond to prisms than Hispanic patients (P < .002). No test or characteristic was found which could reliably predict the prism response. Therefore, all patients with acquired esodeviations should be considered candidates for prism adaptation prior to strabismus surgery.
Ocular Findings in Conjoined (Siamese) Twins
Authors: Mansour Ahmad M , Mansour Nada , Rosenberg Harvey S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Conjoined twinning is a rare form of congenital anomaly. The ocular findings in six sets of conjoined twins as well as those reported elsewhere include abnormal optic nerve decussation, pseudosynophthalmos, microphthalmia, abnormal eyelids, orbital encephalocele, occipital encephalocele, and eyelid coloboma. These findings are interpreted as due to deformations from appositional fusion-related factors or malformations from developmental factors.