bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T cell exhaustion is associated with the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma and can be a predictive and sensitive biomarker for diagnosis
Authors: Zhu Chumeng , Dai Yuechu , Ruan Yanyun , Zhou Yong , Dai Yingjie , Fan Lilong , Jia Tianjun , LU Hongsheng , chen qi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been steadily increasing over the past decades. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease, and is related to the pathogenesis of PTC. Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is currently used for the treatment of PTC, but there are very few studies on the clinical value of PD-1 in the diagnosis and targeted therapy of PTC.
Methods

The expressions of PD-1 in the peripheral blood of 139 patients with PTC (PTC group), 48 patients with thyroid nodules (TN group) and 63 healthy subjects (HP group) were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of plasma T3, T4, FT3, FT4, TSH, TGAb and TPO were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay. T cell subsets, thyroid function indexes and PD-1 were also detected.
Results

The expressions of FT3, TGAb, CD3+PD-1+, CD3+CD4+PD-1+ and CD3+CD8+PD-1+ in PTC and TN were significantly higher than that in the HP group. Moreover, CD3+PD-1+, CD3+CD4+PD-1+ and CD3+CD8+PD-1+ expressions had significant differences between the PTC group and the TN group. In addition, the expressions of TGAb, TPO, CD3+PD-1+, CD3+CD4+PD-1+ and CD3+CD8+PD-1+ in PTC combined with HT (PCH group) were significantly higher than that in the PTC group. PD-1 showed a significant correlation with PTC lymph node metastasis. CD3+PD-1+ and CD3+CD4+PD-1+ expressions were higher in N1 stage than in N0 stage.
Conclusions

The present study showed that T cell exhaustion might act as a biomarker for the differential diagnosis of PTC and TN. The combination of PD-1, TGAb and TPO might be used as an early warning biomarker for the progression of HT to PTC. Targeting the PD-1 pathway could be a new approach to treat PTC and prevent malignant transformation from HT to PCH in the future.
Association between Intravenous Iron Therapy and Short-term Mortality Risk in Older Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery: An Observational Study
Authors: Clemmensen Silas Zacharias , Kragholm Kristian Hay , Melgaard Dorte , Hansen Lene Torp , Jensen Johannes Riis , Cavallius Christian , Mørch Marianne Metz , Krogager Maria Lukács 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Anemia is common among ortho-geriatric hip fracture patients and is associated with prolonged recovery and increased postoperative mortality rate. Intravenous iron seems to increase hemoglobin recovery and reduce the mortality rate in patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries. This study investigated the association between short-term mortality risk and intravenous iron therapy in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.Methods: This observational study included 210 patients undergoing hip fracture surgery from July 2018 to Maj 2020. These 210 patients were alive and had a hemoglobin ≤ 6.5mmol/L on the 3rd postoperative day. In May 2019 a local intravenous iron therapy protocol was implemented and recommended intravenous iron (Monofer ©) if hemoglobin on the 3rd postoperative day was ≤ 6.5 mmol/L. According to treatment of postoperative anemia between 1st and 3rd day post-surgery, the patients were divided into four groups: No treatment (n=52), blood transfusion (n=38), IV Monofer (n=80) and blood transfusion & IV Monofer (n=40). Primary outcome was 30-day mortality post-surgery. The secondary outcome was the impact on hemoglobin level 14-30 days postoperatively. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate the 30-day mortality standardized for covariates. Results: Of 210 patients, 17 (8.1%) died within 30-days after surgery. There was a significantly lower mortality among the patients who received IV Monofer compared to those who received no treatment (HR: 0.17, 95% CI: [0.03-0.93], P = 0.041). Among the 86 patients with available hemoglobin measurements within 14 to 30 days post-surgery, there was no significant difference in hemoglobin level between the various treatment groups (mean 6.6 mmol/L, P = 0.1165).Conclusion: IV Monofer on the 3rd postoperative day in older hip fracture patients seemed to reduce 30-day mortality compared with no treatment. No significant differences in hemoglobin levels between 14-30 days post-surgery across treatment groups were found, although this was assessed in a subset of patients with available hemoglobin levels warranting further study. Trial registration: NA
Using Artificial Neural Network and Machine Learning Algorithms to Scrutinize Liver Diseases&nbsp;
Authors: Sharma Tanu , Kumawat Gaurav , Chakrabarti Prasun , Poddar Sandeep , Chakrabarti Tulika , Kamali Ali-Mohammad , Kateb Babak , Nami Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this recommendation, liver incurable record is investigated for structure gathering replica to foresee liver disorder. This proposal actualized a component replica development and near investigation for refining the forecast exactness of Indian liver incurable in three stages. In the primary stage, the min-max standardization calculation is put into the unique liver incurable record accumulated from the UCI document. In liver incurable conjecture the second stage, by the use of PSO characteristic decision, a portion of the liver incurable record from the sum normalized liver incurable record is gained which includes simply enormous impute. In the third stage, portrayal figuring’s are applied to the educational list. In this paper, an introduction evaluation between various estimation: Random Trees, Neural Network, eXtreme Gradient Boosting, Support Vector Machine (SVM), C5.0. The rule objective is to survey the rightness in social affair information concerning the benefit and plausibility of every calculation with respect to the accuracy, precision, affectability, and unequivocally. Exploratory outcomes show that the Neural Network gives the most fundamental accuracy (93.48 %.) with the least blunder rate. All assessments are executed inside a redirection environment and drove in SPSS information mining device.
Effect of Transverse Magnetic Field on Arc Characteristics and Droplet Transfer During Laser-mig Hybrid Welding of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Yue Chen , Yin Annan , Huang Dehua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, the effect of the transverse magnetic field on the arc characteristics and droplet transfer behavior is investigated during Laser-MIG hybrid welding of Ti-6Al-4V. Especially, transverse magnetic fields with 0 mT, 8 mT, 16 mT, 24 mT, and 32 mT are studied. Results indicate that an appropriate magnetic field can increase the stability of arc characteristics, improve the droplet detachment efficiency, and reduce the welding defects such as incomplete fusion and undercut. By applying 24 mT transverse magnetic field, the maximum arc area can decrease by 48.7% with its variance changing from 2.81 mm2 to 1.06 mm2, indicating that an appropriate transverse magnetic field can shrink the arc and improve its stability. The reason of arc shrinkage is that the electric streamline in the arc rotates away from the laser side to the droplet side due to the influence of external magnetic field. On the other hand, the droplet transfer process become more uniform under the appropriate magnetic field. This phenomenon is mainly attributed to the change of Lorentz force direction during droplet rotation, which resultantly increases effective detachment energy. This phenomenon leads to the reduction of the contact time between droplet and molten pool. The droplet transfer form changes from short-circuit transfer to meso-spray transfer under 24 mT magnetic field because of the reduction of the contact time. Therefore, the incomplete fusion and undercut disappears. At last, the appropriated magnetic field parameters during the laser-MIG parameters (2 kW, 160 A, 2 m/min) is concluded as B =24 mT.
Divergent dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase isoenzyme expression in the central nervous system
Authors: Kozlova Alena A , Ragavan Vinitha N , Jarzebska Natalia , Lukianova Iana V , Bikmurzina Anastasia E , Rubets Elena , Suzuki-Yamamoto Toshiko , Kimoto Masumi , Mangoni Arduino A , Gainetdinov Raul R , Weiss Norbert , Bauer Michael , Markov Alexander G , Rodionov Roman N , Bernhardt Nadine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The endogenous methylated derivative of L-arginine, NG-NG-dimethyl-ʟ-arginine (asymmetric dimethylarginine, ADMA), an independent risk factor in many diseases, inhibits the activity of nitric oxide synthases and, consequently, modulates the availability of nitric oxide. While most studies on the biological role of ADMA have focused on endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases modulation and its contribution to cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal diseases, a role in regulating neuronal nitric oxide synthases and pathologies of the central nervous system is less understood. The two isoforms of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), DDAH1 and DDAH2, are thought to be the main enzymes responsible for ADMA catabolism. A current impediment is the limited data on specific tissue and cellular distribution of DDAH enzymes within the brain. In this study, we provide a detailed characterization of the regional and cellular distribution of DDAH1 and DDAH2 proteins in adult murine and human brain. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a wide distribution of DDAH1, mapping to multiple cell types, while DDAH2 was detected in a limited number of brain regions and exclusively in neurons. Our results provide key information for the investigation of the pathophysiological roles of the ADMA/DDAH system in neuropsychiatric diseases and pave the way for the development of novel selective therapeutic approaches.
The channel and characteristics of the stope supplied by atmospheric precipitation in the karst landform mining area
Authors: Shi Xianzhi , Zhang Weiqiang , Tang Yongjin , Jiang Ting , Zhang Shaojie , Chen Chao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Atmospheric precipitation causes some mining faces, mining areas or mines to be flooded every year. In order to explore the relationship between atmospheric precipitation and mine water inflow under Karst geomorphic conditions in Guizhou Province, some typical mine related data were collected systematically. It was found that atmospheric precipitation can supply mine goaf through weathered zone cracks, mining fissures, water conducting faults, water flowing subsided columns and karst channels. These channels are in the form of surface infiltration, pipeline flow and layered recharge Replenish the goaf. The results show that the mine water inflow is significantly affected by rainfall under all kinds of recharge modes, the correlation between them is significant under layered recharge mode，the correlation coefficient R reaches 0.88. The recharge channel is filled by loess and other materials on the surface, and has the self-healing characteristics of gradual plugging; the recharge amount is affected by the burial depth of coal seam and the rock combination characteristics of the upper roof. The deeper the coal seam is, the worse the recharge effect is to the mine. The results show that the atmospheric precipitation is the main water filling source of coal mine stope water inflow in the study area, and its recharge has seasonal characteristics. The mine water inflow in rainy season is 1.2-12 times of that in dry season, with an average of 1.9 times; the recharge of mine water by atmospheric precipitation has hysteresis, the lag time of surface infiltration recharge mine is generally 1-4 days, and the lag time of pipeline flow replenishing mine is generally 24 hours In general, the time lag of laminar flow recharge to mine is more than 2 days.
A comprehensive study of Al-Cu-Mg&nbsp;system reinforced with nano-ZrO2 particles synthesized by powder metallurgy technique
Authors: AbuShanab Waheed S. , Moustafa Essam B. , Ghandourah E. , Taha Mohammed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recently, increasing attention has been devoted to improving the various properties of aluminum alloys such as strength, elastic modulus, and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) as well as wear and corrosion by adding different percentages of ceramics for use in various industrial applications. In this sense, powder metallurgy technique has been used to fabricate Al-4.2 wt.% Cu-1.6 wt.% Mg matrix nanocomposites reinforced by different weight percentages of nano-ZrO2 particles. The microstructure and particle size distributions of the prepared powders were examined by SEM, TEM technique and diffraction particle size analyzer. The prepared powders were compacted and sintered in argon to obtain good sinterability. The physical, elastic and mechanical properties of the sintered nanocomposites were measured. Furthermore, thermal expansion, wear and corrosion behavior were also studied. The results showed that the decrease in the particle sizes of the Al-Cu-Mg alloy by adding ZrO2 nanoparticles up to 47.8 nm for the composite containing 16 wt.% ZrO2. With increasing the sintering temperature to 570 °C, the densification of nanocomposites was clearly enhanced. Also, the coefficient of thermal expansion and wear rate were remarkably decreases about 28 and 37.5 % with adding after adding 16 wt. % ZrO2. Moreover, microhardness yield, strength and Young’s modulus were enhanced to 161, 145 and 64%, respectively after adding 16 wt.% ZrO2. In addition, increasing the exposure time was responsible for decreasing the corrosion rate for the same sample.
Seismic Performance of Deposit Slopes With Underlying Bedrock Before and After Reinforcement by Stabilising Piles
Authors: Sun Zhiliang , Lingwei Kong , Wei Bai , Yong Wang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The seismic performance of stabilising piles used to reinforce underlying bedrock in a deposit slope is a complex soil-structure interaction problem, on which there is limited design guidance on the optimum use of a single row of rock-socketed piles to reinforce such slopes. Two centrifuge shaking-table model tests at a geometric scale of 1:50 were conducted to ascertain the dynamic responses of the underlying bedrock deposit slopes without and with the use of stabilising piles during an earthquake. Multi-stage seismic waves with various peak accelerations were applied from the bottom of each model. Under seismic excitation, the differences in the response accelerations between the deposit and bedrock increase significantly with the increase in amplitude of the input seismic waves. The two are prone to uncoordinated movement, which leads to slope instability. Setting stabilising piles reduces the crest settlement and angular deformation and changes the natural frequency of the slope crest. The presence of the rock-socketed stabilising piles can bridge the uncoordinated movement of the bedrock and the overlying deposit to some extent. According to the mobilised pile bending moment, shear force, lateral pile-soil load distribution, and pile displacement, the dynamic response characteristics of stabilising piles under continuous multi-level seismic excitation were analysed. The resultant force arising from a distributed load increment on the piles caused by an earthquake is mainly concentrated in the upper part (the point of action of the resultant force is 1.54m below the slope surface). With increases in the peak ground acceleration (PGA) of the input motion, the resistance of the bedrock in front of the stabilising piles increases; moreover, with the increase of PGA, the peak resistance under the bedrock surface of the stabilising piles gradually moves downwards. This finding indicates that the strong seismic motion significantly changes the embedded working state of the stabilising pile.
Dual targeting of cytokine storm and viral replication in COVID-19 by plant-derived steroidal pregnanes in silico
Authors: Gyebi Gideon A. , Ogunyemi Oludare M. , Ibrahim Ibrahim M. , Afolabi Saheed O. , Adebayo Joseph O. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The high morbidity and mortality rate of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection arises majorly from the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and “cytokine storm” syndrome, which is sustained by an aberrant systemic inflammatory response and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, phytocompounds with broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory activity that target multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins will enhance the development of effective drugs against the disease. In this study, an in-house library of 106 steriodal plant-derived pregnanes (PDPs) was docked in the active regions of human glucocorticoid receptors (hGRs) in a comparative molecular docking analysis. Based on the minimal binding energy and a comparative dexamethason binding mode analysis, a list of top twenty ranked PDPs docked in the agonist conformation of hGR, with binding energies ranging between -9.8 and -11.2 Kcal/mol, was obtained and analyzed for interactions with the human Janus kinases 1 and Interleukins-6 and SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease, Papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. For each target protein, the top three ranked PDPs were selected. Eight PDPs (bregenin, hirundigenin, anhydroholantogenin, atratogenin A, atratogenin B, glaucogenin A, glaucogenin C and glaucogenin D) with high binding tendencies to the catalytic residues of multiple targets were identified. A high degree of structural stability was observed from the 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation analyses of glaucogenin C and hirundigenin complexes of hGR. The selected top-eight ranked PDPs demonstrated favourable druggable and in silico ADMET properties. Thus, the therapeutic potentials of glaucogenin C and hirundigenin can be explored for further in vitro and in vivo studies.
Serum checkpoint molecules in patients with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD)
Authors: Matsumoto Haruki , Fujita Yuya , Matsuoka Naoki , Temmoku Jumpei , Furuya-Yashiro Makiko , Asano Tomoyuki , Sato Shuzo , Watanabe Hiroshi , Suzuki Eiji , Tsuji Sosuke , Fukui Shoichi , Umeda Masataka , Iwamoto Naoki , Kawakami Atsushi , Migita Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is characterized by increased serum IgG4 concentration and infiltration of IgG4+ plasma cells in the affected organs. The present study aimed to characterize the serum levels of coinhibitory checkpoint molecule, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-containing-molecule-3 (TIM-3), and its ligand, galectin-9 (Gal-9), among IgG4-related disease in patients with IgG4-RD patients with various organ involvements.
Methods

Serum samples were collected from untreated 59 patients with IgG4-RD, 116 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and 37 healthy controls. Patients with IgG4-RD (n = 57) were subdivided into those with visceral involvement (n = 38) and those without visceral involvement (n = 21). Serum levels of Gal-9 and soluble TIM-3 (sTIM-3) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results were compared with the clinical phenotypes of IgG4-RD.
Results

In untreated patients with IgG4-RD, serum levels of Gal-9 and sTIM-3 were significantly higher than in RA patients as well as in healthy controls. There were significant correlations between serum levels of Gal-9 or sTIM-3 and serum levels of IgG, BAFF, or sIL-2R. However, there was no significant correlation between the serum levels of Gal-9 or sTIM-3 and serum IgG4 concentrations. Serum levels of sTIM-3 were significantly higher in a subset of patients with visceral involvements than in those without visceral involvements. However, there was no significant difference in the serum levels of Gal-9 between IgG4-RD patients with and without visceral involvements. Although both, Gal-9 and sTIM-3 were elevated in untreated IgG4-RD patients, and the levels of these checkpoint molecules remained unchanged after steroid therapy.
Conclusion

Serum levels of Ga-9 and sTIM-3 were significantly elevated in untreated patients with IgG-RD. Furthermore, serum levels of sTIM-3 were significantly higher in IgG4-RD patients with visceral involvements. These checkpoint molecules could be a potentially useful biomarker for IgG4-RD and for assessing the clinical phenotypes of IgG4-RD.
Climate change impacts the protective effect of forests: A case study in Switzerland
Authors: Moos Christine , Guisan Antoine , Randin Christophe F. , Lischke Heike 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In steep terrain, forests play an important role as natural means of protection against natural hazards, such as rockfall. Due to climate warming, significant changes in the protection service of these forests have to be expected in future. Shifts of current to more drought adapted species may result in temporary or even irreversible losses in the risk reduction provided by these forests. In this study, we assessed how the protective effect against rockfall of a protection forest in the western part of the Valais in the Swiss Alps may change in future, by combining dynamic forest modelling with a quantitative risk analysis. Current and future forest development was modelled with the spatially explicit forest model TreeMig for a moderate (RCP4.5) and an extreme (RCP8.5) climate change scenario. The simulated forest scenarios were compared to ground-truth data from the current forest complex. We quantified the protective effect of the different forest scenarios based on the reduction of rockfall risk for people and infrastructure at the bottom of the slope. Rockfall risk was calculated on the basis of three-dimensional rockfall simulations. The forest simulations predicted a clear decrease in basal area of most of the currently present species in future. The forest turned into a Q. pubescens dominated forest, for both climate scenarios, and mixed with P. sylvestris in RCP4.5. F. sylvatica completely disappeared in RCP8.5. With climate warming, a clear increase in risk is expected for both climate change scenarios. In the long-term (> 100 years), a stabilization of risk, or even a slight decline may be expected due to an increase in biomass of the trees. The results of this study further indicate that regular forest interventions may promote regeneration and thus accelerate the shift in species distribution. Future research should address the long-term effect of different forest management strategies on the protection service of forests under climate change.