bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal mortality and its associated factors among neonates admitted at public hospitals, pastoral region, Ethiopia: A health facility based study
Authors: Woday Tadesse Abay , Mekuria Negussie Yohannes , Aychiluhm Setognal Birara 
Published: March 2021

Background
Neonatal mortality is a public health issue in, Ethiopia. Unfortunately, the issue is noticeably under-reported and underestimated, so the true gravity of the situation cannot be acknowledged in developing regions of the country. Regrettably, there is no single study to show the rates and predictors of neonatal mortality for Afar region. Thus, this study aims to assess neonatal mortality and associated factors in Afar region, Ethiopia.

Methods
A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 403 neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) from January 2015 to December 2019. Maternal and neonatal medical records were reviewed and audited using structured data extraction checklist. The data was collected by four trained nurses and midwives. The medical records were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done. Adjusted odds ratio with the corresponding 95% confidence interval were used to assess the association between neonatal mortality and the associated factors. Finally, the statistical significance level was declared at a p-value of less than 0.05.

Results
In this study, 391 medical records of newborns were included with the data complete rate of 97.02%. The prevalence of neonatal mortality was 57 (14.6%) [95% CI 11.0%-18.4%]. A multivariable logistic regression showed that lack of antenatal care (ANC) follow up [AOR = 4.69: 95%CI (1.77, 12.47)], giving birth through cesarean section [AOR 3.59, 95%CI (1.22, 10.55)], having admission temperature less than 36.5°C [AOR 10.75, 95%CI (3.75, 30.80)], birth asphyxia [AOR 7.16, 95%CI (2.22, 23.10)], and having a length of stay greater than five days in the hospital [AOR 0.23, 95%CI (0.08, 0.66)] were significantly associated with neonatal mortality.

Conclusion
This study revealed that the rate of neonatal mortality is still high compared to the national data. Antenatal care, cesarean section delivery, length of stay in the hospital, low temperature at admission and birth asphyxia were factors associated with neonatal mortality. Thus, the health facilities should give due attention to improve antenatal care, intrapartum care and standardized care for admitted neonates. Furthermore, prospective studies are recommended.
Treatment success for patients with tuberculosis receiving care in areas severely affected by Hurricane Matthew – Haiti, 2016
Authors: Charles Macarthur , Richard Milo , Reichler Mary R. , Koama Jean Baptiste , Morose Willy , Fitter David L. 
Published: March 2021

Background
On October 4, 2016, Hurricane Matthew struck southwest Haiti as a category 4 storm. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of the hurricane on tuberculosis (TB) services and patient outcomes in the three severely affected departments–Sud, Grand’Anse, and Nippes–of southwest Haiti.

Methods
We developed a standard questionnaire to assess a convenience sample of health facilities in the affected areas, a patient tracking form, and a line list for tracking all patients with drug-susceptible TB registered in care six months before the hurricane. We analyzed data from the national TB electronic surveillance system to determine outcomes for all patients receiving anti-TB treatment in the affected areas. We used logistic regression analysis to determine factors associated with treatment success.

Results
Of the 66 health facilities in the three affected departments, we assessed 31, accounting for 536 (45.7%) of 1,174 TB patients registered in care when Hurricane Matthew made landfall in Haiti. Three (9.7%) health facilities sustained moderate to severe damage, whereas 18 (58.1%) were closed for <1 week, and five (16.1%) for ≥1 week. Four weeks after the hurricane, 398 (73.1%) of the 536 patients in the assessed facilities were located. Treatment success in the affected departments one year after the hurricane was 81.4%. Receiving care outside the municipality of residence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27–0.80) and HIV positivity (aOR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.19–0.51) or unknown HIV status (aOR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.33–0.74) were associated with significantly lower rates of treatment success.

Conclusions
Despite major challenges, a high percentage of patients receiving anti-TB treatment before the hurricane were located and successfully treated in southwest Haiti. The lessons learned and results presented here may help inform policies and guidelines in similar settings for effective TB control after a natural disaster.
Geographical and socioeconomic inequalities in female breast cancer incidence and mortality in Iran: A Bayesian spatial analysis of registry data
Authors: Rahimzadeh Shadi , Burczynska Beata , Ahmadvand Alireza , Sheidaei Ali , Khademioureh Sara , Pazhuheian Forough , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Bentham James , Farzadfar Farshad , Di Cesare Mariachiara 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundIn Iran, trends in breast cancer incidence and mortality have generally been monitored at national level. The purpose of this study is to examine province-level disparities in age-standardised breast cancer incidence versus mortality from 2000 to 2010 and their association with socioeconomic status.MethodsIn this study, data from Iran’s national cancer and death registry systems, and covariates from census and household expenditure surveys were used. We estimated the age-standardised incidence and mortality rates in women aged more than 30 years for all 31 provinces in the consecutive time intervals 2000–2003, 2004–2007 and 2008–2010 using a Bayesian spatial model.ResultsMean age-standardised breast cancer incidence across provinces increased over time from 15.0 per 100,000 people (95% credible interval 12.0,18.3) in 2000–2003 to 39.6 (34.5,45.1) in 2008–2010. The mean breast cancer mortality rate declined from 10.9 (8.3,13.8) to 9.9 (7.5,12.5) deaths per 100,000 people in the same period. When grouped by wealth index quintiles, provinces in the highest quintile had higher levels of incidence and mortality. In the wealthiest quintile, reductions in mortality over time were larger than those observed among provinces in the poorest quintile. Relative breast cancer mortality decreased by 16.7% in the highest quintile compared to 10.8% in the lowest quintile.ConclusionsBreast cancer incidence has increased over time, with lower incidence in the poorest provinces likely driven by underdiagnoses or late-stage diagnosis. Although the reported mortality rate is still higher in wealthier provinces, the larger decline over time in these provinces indicates a possible future reversal, with the most deprived provinces having higher mortality rates. Ongoing analysis of incidence and mortality at sub-national level is crucial in addressing inequalities in healthcare systems and public health both in Iran and elsewhere.
Atypical Autosomal-Dominant Inheritance of Familial Mediterranean Fever
Authors: Evans Neil Shadbeh , Ray Jennifer , Prather Charlene 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) was previously believed to be an autosomal recessive disease. We present a patient with only one pathogenic variation of the MEFV gene due to the c.2177T>C mutation. The patient had clinical features of recurrent fevers and abdominal pain, serositis, and a history of multiple abdominal surgeries for pain. He was eventually diagnosed with FMF. This case report demonstrates an example of the rare autosomal-dominant phenotype of FMF.
Tax Amnesties in Tax Reform Policy: A Case Study from Pakistan and Lessons for Developing Economies
Authors: Shahryar Bahawal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn optimally designed tax amnesty scheme can serve as a strategic component in a larger tax reform process. Such a reform can particularly assist in the tax collection efforts of developing economies like Pakistan. Pakistan’s tax amnesty schemes in 2018 and 2019 helped grow the tax base substantially. India’s and Indonesia’s schemes in 2016 also showed promise. My study compares the recent tax amnesties adopted by these three countries (Pakistan, India and Indonesia). Based on these experiences, I propose improvements in the composition of Pakistan’s tax amnesty design. An optimal tax policy cannot rely only on wide-spread enforcement, particularly in countries with large underground economies--like Pakistan, India and Indonesia. Instead, it should focus more on the optimal amnesty design alongside targeted enforcement efforts, aimed especially at documenting and taxing large underground economic activities.
Quality evaluation of Cabernet Sauvignon wines in different vintages by1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics
Authors: Xu Shaochen , Zhu Jiangyu , Zhao Qi , Gao Jin , Zhang Huining , Hu Boran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic study was used to characterize 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012 vintages of Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Ningxia, which were vinified using the same fermentation technique. The pattern recognition methods of principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal PLS-DA (OPLS-DA) clearly distinguished between the different vintages of wine driven by the following metabolites: valine, 2,3-butanediol, ethyl acetate, proline, succinic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, glycerol, gallic acid, and choline. The PLS-DA loading plots also differentiated among the metabolites of different vintages. In the 2009 vintage wines, we found the highest levels of gallic acid, valine, proline, and 2,3-butanediol. The 2011 vintage wines contained the highest levels of lactic acid, and the highest levels of ethyl acetate, succinic acid, glycerol, and choline were observed in the 2012 vintage wines. We selected eight metabolites from the1H NMR spectra that were quantified according to their peak areas, and the concentrations were in agreement with the results of PLS-DA and OPLS-DA analyses.
Learning From Loss: The Democrats 2016–2020
Authors: Dominguez Casey B. K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Seth Masket’s new book, Learning
From
Loss: The Democrats 2016–2020 (Cambridge University Press, 2020) asks how the modern Democratic party absorbed Hillary Clinton’s 2016 defeat and responded to it while preparing to nominate its candidate in 2020. Masket makes a persuasive case that the Democratic party managed its coalition and made strategic adaptations to its rules to help it win the 2020 election. In particular, he shows how competing narratives about Hillary Clinton’s 2016 loss to Donald Trump played an important role in activists’ decision making in the lead-up to 2020.
Geospatial assessment of wetland soils for rice production in Ajibode using geospatial techniques
Authors: Tobore Anthony , Senjobi Bolarinwa , Ogundiyi Temitope , Bamidele Samuel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWetlands played an important role in human development and nature nutrient store for rice cultivation. Spatial techniques have gained importance in monitoring wetland changes. The study aimed to assess wetland soils for rice production using spatial techniques. The area was sample using stratified grid sampling. Nutrient availability and rice suitability were assessed in ArcGIS 10.6 environment. The soil was characterized into Eutric fluvaquent (Soil Survey Staff, 2010) and correlated as fluvisols in the World Reference Base system. The results of the land cover changes showed that built-up, waterbody, and farmland have increased by 39, 18, and 29%, respectively, and 13% decrease was observed in vegetation. The study concluded that soils of the studied area varied from marginally (75%), not suitable (20%), and permanently not suitable (5%) for rice production. Therefore, without proper assessment and management of these studied soils, rice production will continue to be futile.
The twin properties of rogue waves and homoclinic solutions for some nonlinear wave equations
Authors: Tan Wei , Yin Zhao-Yang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The parameter limit method on the basis of Hirota’s bilinear method is proposed to construct the rogue wave solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs). Some real and complex differential equations are used as concrete examples to illustrate the effectiveness and correctness of the described method. The rogue waves and homoclinic solutions of different structures are obtained and simulated by three-dimensional graphics, respectively. More importantly, we find that rogue wave solutions and homoclinic solutions appear in pairs. That is to say, for some NLPDEs, if there is a homoclinic solution, then there must be a rogue wave solution. The twin phenomenon of rogue wave solutions and homoclinic solutions of a class of NLPDEs is discussed.
Higher order rogue waves for the(3 + 1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation
Authors: Elboree Mohammed K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Based on the Hirota bilinear form for the (3 + 1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation, we constructed the first-order, second-order, third-order and fourth-order rogue waves for this equation using the symbolic computation approach. Also some properties of the higher-order rogue waves and their interaction are explained by some figures via some special choices of the parameters.
Realism and the Epistemic Objectivity of Science
Authors: Sankey Howard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper presents a realist account of the epistemic objectivity of science. Epistemic objectivity is distinguished from ontological objectivity and the objectivity of truth. As background, T.S. Kuhn’s idea that scientific theory-choice is based on shared scientific values with a role for both objective and subjective factors is discussed. Kuhn’s values are epistemologically ungrounded, hence provide a minimal sense of objectivity. A robust account of epistemic objectivity on which methodological norms are reliable means of arriving at the truth is presented. The problem remains that deliberative judgement is required to determine the relevance and relative significance of a range of methodological norms. A role is sketched for cognitive virtues which may be exercised in the course of the deliberative judgement.
The crystal structure of fac-tricarbonyl (N′-benzoyl-N,N-diphenylcarbamimidothioato-κ2
S,O)-(pyrazole-κN)rhenium(I) — methanol (1/1) C26H23O4N4SRe
Authors: Komane Wesley K. , Mokolokolo Pennie , Vatsha Banele , Manicum Amanda-Lee E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
C26H23O4N4SRe, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\bar{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.919(2) Å, b = 11.752(3) Å, c = 12.717(3) Å, α = 111.098(7)°, β = 94.467(7)°, γ = 98.295(7)°, V = 1354.9(5) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0342, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0843, T = 102.0(2) K.
Four puzzling paragraphs: Frege on ‘≡’ and ‘=’
Authors: de Ponte María , Korta Kepa , Perry John 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In §8 of his Begriffsschrift (1879), Gottlob Frege discusses issues related to identity. Frege begins his most famous essay, “On Sense and Denotation” (1892), published 13 years later, by criticizing the view advocated in §8. He returns to these issues in the concluding paragraph. Controversies continue over these important passages. We offer an interpretation and discuss some alternatives. We defend that in the Begriffsschrift, Frege does not hold that identity is a relation between signs. §8 of the Begriffsschrift is motivated by the conflict between two different criteria for sameness of conceptual content of sentences. To resolve that conflict, Frege introduces ‘≡’ in §8 and, thus, circumstances with names as constituents. To the same end, in “On Sense and Denotation,” Frege introduces senses and Thoughts and abandons both ‘≡’ and circumstances. He solves what we call the Co-instantiation problem, and disregards, but does not solve, the Name problem.
Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers: Transmission evaluation with different membrane materials and dimensions
Authors: Tripathi Sudhanshu , Agarwal Rekha , Vashisth Rashmi , Singh Devraj 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCapacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) are dominant in generating and receiving acoustic signals. CMUT transmission efficiency solely depends upon the membrane material utilized. This work presents the structural examination of receiving and transmitting characteristics of CMUT with divergent membrane materials, namely Silicon (Si), Silicon Nitride (Si3N4{\mathrm{Si}_{3}}{\text{N}_{4}}), Indium Phosphide (InP), Zinc Oxide (ZnO), and Polysilicon (Poly-Si). The analysis includes the membrane deflection, pull-in voltage, output pressure, resonant frequency and capacitance modification with variable DC voltage. It has been found that InP gives the pull-in voltage comparable to Si in the receiving mode and have more transduction efficiency in transmitting mode. Effect of dimensions of CMUT on pull-in voltage and resonant frequency are also discussed. The major contribution lies in the analytical and estimation study of CMUT for appropriate membrane material selection meant for transmission and reception in the field of pressure sensing application.
Male Goal-Tracker and Sign-Tracker Rats Do Not Differ in Neuroendocrine or Behavioral Measures of Stress Reactivity
Authors: Lopez Sofia A. , Mubarak Eman , Yang Charlotte , Parsegian Aram , Klumpner Marin , Campus Paolo , Flagel Shelly B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEnvironmental cues attain the ability to guide behavior via learned associations. As predictors, cues can elicit adaptive behavior and lead to valuable resources (e.g., food). For some individuals, however, cues are transformed into incentive stimuli and elicit motivational states that can be maladaptive. The goal-tracker (GT)/sign-tracker (ST) animal model captures individual differences in cue-motivated behaviors, with reward-associated cues serving as predictors of reward for both phenotypes but becoming incentive stimuli to a greater degree for STs. While these distinct phenotypes are characterized based on Pavlovian conditioned approach (PavCA) behavior, they exhibit differences on a number of behaviors relevant to psychopathology. To further characterize the neurobehavioral endophenotype associated with individual differences in cue-reward learning, neuroendocrine and behavioral profiles associated with stress and anxiety were investigated in male GT, ST, and intermediate responder (IR) rats. It was revealed that baseline corticosterone (CORT) increases with Pavlovian learning, but to the same degree, regardless of phenotype. No significant differences in behavior were observed between GTs and STs during an elevated plus maze (EPM) or open field test (OFT), nor were there differences in CORT response to the OFT or physiological restraint. Upon examination of central markers associated with stress reactivity, we found that STs have greater glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA expression in the ventral hippocampus, with no phenotypic differences in the dorsal hippocampus or prelimbic cortex (PrL). These findings demonstrate that GTs and STs do not differ on stress-related and anxiety-related behaviors, and suggest that differences in neuroendocrine measures between these phenotypes can be attributed to distinct cue-reward learning styles.
Oscillatory Entrainment of the Frequency-following Response in Auditory Cortical and Subcortical Structures
Authors: Coffey Emily B. J. , Arseneau-Bruneau Isabelle , Zhang Xiaochen , Baillet Sylvain , Zatorre Robert J. 
Published: March 2021

There is much debate about the existence and function of neural oscillatory mechanisms in the auditory system. The frequency-following response (FFR) is an index of neural periodicity encoding that can provide a vehicle to study entrainment in frequency ranges relevant to speech and music processing. Criteria for entrainment include the presence of poststimulus oscillations and phase alignment between stimulus and endogenous activity. To test the hypothesis of entrainment, in experiment 1 we collected FFR data for a repeated syllable using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography in 20 male and female human adults. We observed significant oscillatory activity after stimulus offset in auditory cortex and subcortical auditory nuclei, consistent with entrainment. In these structures, the FFR fundamental frequency converged from a lower value over 100 ms to the stimulus frequency, consistent with phase alignment, and diverged to a lower value after offset, consistent with relaxation to a preferred frequency. In experiment 2, we tested how transitions between stimulus frequencies affected the MEG FFR to a train of tone pairs in 30 people. We found that the FFR was affected by the frequency of the preceding tone for up to 40 ms at subcortical levels, and even longer durations at cortical levels. Our results suggest that oscillatory entrainment may be an integral part of periodic sound representation throughout the auditory neuraxis. The functional role of this mechanism is unknown, but it could serve as a fine-scale temporal predictor for frequency information, enhancing stability and reducing susceptibility to degradation that could be useful in real-life noisy environments.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeural oscillations are proposed to be a ubiquitous aspect of neural function, but their contribution to auditory encoding is not clear, particularly at higher frequencies associated with pitch encoding. In a magnetoencephalography experiment, we found converging evidence that the frequency-following response has an oscillatory component according to established criteria: poststimulus resonance, progressive entrainment of the neural frequency to the stimulus frequency, and relaxation toward the original state on stimulus offset. In a second experiment, we found that the frequency and amplitude of the frequency-following response to tones are affected by preceding stimuli. These findings support the contribution of intrinsic oscillations to the encoding of sound, and raise new questions about their functional roles, possibly including stabilization and low-level predictive coding.
University Students' Perception on the Verbal Interaction through WhatsApp Chat Group
Authors: Sujarwo Sujarwo , Sukmawati Sukmawati , Asdar Asdar , Siradjuddin Suharti , Ariani Nina 
Published: March 2021

Verbal interactions will occur when both the teacher/lecturer and learners could completely understand what each other means. It happens verbally among the teacher and learners during the teaching learning activity (Mardiana et al., 2019). This study was mainly conducted to examine the University students’ perception on verbal interaction through WhatsApp chat group. This study used qualitative descriptive method was used to achieve the objective of this study. Observation and a questionnaire were adopted as tools for data collection. A total number of samples was 14 English as a Foreign Language learners in university students. The analysis of the data revealed that university students’ perception on verbal interaction gave the positive feedback towards WhatsApp chat group. This proves that ordinarily learners selected agree with utilizing WhatsApp chat group in doing verbal interaction. Hence, utilizing of WhatsApp chat group can be recommended as an efficient technique in verbal interaction for teaching and learning process.