bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: From Fundamental Research to Potential Commercial Application
Authors: Zhang Hang , Gao Yun , Liu Xiao‐Hao , Yang Zhuo , He Xiang‐Xi , Li Li , Qiao Yun , Chen Wei‐Hua , Zeng Rong‐Hua , Wang Yong , Chou Shu‐Lei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrganic electroactive compounds hold great potential to act as cathode material for organic sodium‐ion batteries (OSIBs) because of their environmental friendliness, sustainability, and high theoretical capacity. Although some organic electrodes have been developed with good performance, their practical application is still obstructed by some inherent drawbacks such as low conductivity and solubility in organic electrolytes. In addition, research on OSIBs has been mainly focused on the performance of electrodes on the material level and neglected the trade‐off relationship between the high redox potentials and specific capacities. Almost all organic cathodes used in OSIBs lack the ability to be charged first in half‐cells because of the absence of detachable sodium ions, resulting in low attractiveness when assembling full cells with hard carbon as anode. Here, this review presents several existing reaction mechanisms in OSIBs and designs of organic cathode materials. Furthermore, strategies are proposed in order to provide guidelines for improving their performance according to some critical parameters (output voltage, specific capacity, and cycle life) in potential practical OSIBs, and some accounts of organic materials assembled in full cells are summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects of organic electrodes for OSIBs are also discussed in this review.
In Situ Chemical Patterning Technique
Authors: Guan Yuduo , Ai Bin , Wang Zengyao , Chen Chong , Zhang Wei , Wang Yu , Zhang Gang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPlasmonic nanochemistry is employed to develop a chemical patterning technique for multiscale distributed plasmonic nanoparticle (NP) arrays by a spatial confined in situ growth process. Ag NPs grow exclusively following the maximum plasmonic field areas of Au nanohole arrays under light illumination, and Ag NP‐assembly arrays (NAAs) with controllable morphology from nanoring to nanodisk are realized precisely. Combining with conventional photolithography, letters, and patterns ranging from macroscopic to sub‐microscale are accurately obtained. The region‐specific generated Ag NAAs acted as an excellent surface‐enhanced Raman scattering substrate to realize quantitative detection and Raman imaging, which are further applied to multilevel encryption applications. Moreover, the lithography strategy shows good universality where it can be utilized to fabricate Au NAAs and polypyrrole nanodisks, and applied on flexible polydimethylsiloxane and curved glass substrates. Overall, this lithography strategy has good general applicability to obtain a multiscale engineered large‐area array of colloidal metallic NPs and organic polymers without the presence of either heat or specific adhesive layers, thus offers an approach to plasmonic engineering for a myriad of applications ranging from plasmonic anti‐counterfeit labels to electrical devices.
Transformation Metamaterials
Authors: Xu Lin , Chen Huanyang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBased on the form‐invariance of Maxwell's equations under coordinate transformations, mathematically smooth deformation of space can be physically equivalent to inhomogeneous and anisotropic electromagnetic (EM) medium (called a transformation medium). It provides a geometric recipe to control EM waves at will. A series of examples of achieving transformation media by artificially structured units from conventional materials is summarized here. Such concepts are firstly implemented for EM waves, and then extended to other wave dynamics, such as elastic waves, acoustic waves, surface water waves, and even stationary fields. These shall be cataloged as transformation metamaterials. In addition, it might be conceptually attractive and practically useful to control diverse waves for multi‐physics designs.
High‐Specificity In Vivo Tumor Imaging Using Bioorthogonal NIR‐IIb Nanoparticles
Authors: Luo Zichao , Hu Dehong , Gao Duyang , Yi Zhigao , Zheng Hairong , Sheng Zonghai , Liu Xiaogang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLanthanide‐based NIR‐IIb nanoprobes are ideal for in vivo imaging. However, existing NIR‐IIb nanoprobes often suffer from low tumor‐targeting specificity, limiting their widespread use. Here the application of bioorthogonal nanoprobes with high tumor‐targeting specificity for in vivo NIR‐IIb luminescence imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is reported. These dual‐modality nanoprobes can enhance NIR‐IIb emission by 20‐fold and MRI signal by twofold, compared with non‐bioorthogonal nanoprobes in murine subcutaneous tumors. Moreover, these bioorthogonal probes enable orthotopic brain tumor imaging. Implementation of bio‐orthogonal chemistry significantly reduces the nanoprobe dose and hence cytotoxicity, providing a paradigm for real‐time in vivo visualization of tumors.
Insights into Redox Processes and Correlated Performance of Organic Carbonyl Electrode Materials in Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Lu Yong , Cai Yichao , Zhang Qiu , Chen Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrganic carbonyl electrode materials have shown great prospects for rechargeable batteries in view of their high capacity, flexible designability, and sustainable production. However, organic carbonyl electrode materials still suffer from unsatisfactory electrochemical performance, which is highly relevant to their redox processes. Herein, an in‐depth understanding on redox processes and the correlated electrochemical performance of organic carbonyl electrode materials is provided. The redox processes discussed mainly involve molecular structure evolution (intermediates), crystal structure evolution (phase transition), and charge storage mechanisms. The properties of intermediates can affect voltage, cycling stability, reversible capacity, and rate performance of batteries. Moreover, the reversible capacity/cycling stability and rate performance would be also influenced by phase transition and charge storage mechanisms (diffusion‐ or surface‐controlled), respectively. To accelerate the practical applications of organic carbonyl electrode materials, future work should focus on developing more in situ or operando characterization techniques and further understanding the intrinsic relationships between redox processes and performance. It is hoped that the work discussed herein will stimulate more attention to the detailed redox processes and their correlations with the performance of organic carbonyl electrode materials in rechargeable batteries.
Controllable SiOx Nanorod Memristive Neuron for Probabilistic Bayesian Inference
Authors: Choi Sanghyeon , Kim Gwang Su , Yang Jehyeon , Cho Haein , Kang Chong‐Yun , Wang Gunuk 
Published: October 2021

AbstractModern artificial neural network technology using a deterministic computing framework is faced with a critical challenge in dealing with massive data that are largely unstructured and ambiguous. This challenge demands the advances of an elementary physical device for tackling these uncertainties. Here, we designed and fabricated a SiOx nanorod memristive device by employing the glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique, suggesting a controllable stochastic artificial neuron that can mimic the fundamental integrate‐and‐fire signaling and stochastic dynamics of a biological neuron. The nanorod structure provides the random distribution of multiple nanopores all across the active area, capable of forming a multitude of Si filaments at many SiOx nanorod edges after the electromigration process, leading to a stochastic switching event with very high dynamic range (≈5.15 × 1010) and low energy (≈4.06 pJ). Different probabilistic activation (ProbAct) functions in a sigmoid form are implemented, showing its controllability with low variation by manufacturing and electrical programming schemes. Furthermore, as an application prospect, based on the suggested memristive neuron, we demonstrated the self‐resting neural operation with the local circuit configuration and revealed probabilistic Bayesian inferences for genetic regulatory networks with low normalized mean squared errors (≈2.41 × 10‐2) and its robustness to the ProbAct variation.
Photocatalytic Z‐Scheme Overall Water Splitting: Recent Advances in Theory and Experiments
Authors: Abdul Nasir Jamal , Munir Akhtar , Ahmad Naveed , Haq Tanveer ul , Khan Zaibunisa , Rehman Ziaur 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhotocatalytic water splitting is considered one of the most important and appealing approaches for the production of green H2 to address the global energy demand. The utmost possible form of artificial photosynthesis is a two‐step photoexcitation known as “Z‐scheme”, which mimics the natural photosystem. This process solely relies on the effective coupling and suitable band positions of semiconductors (SCs) and redox mediators for the purpose to catalyze the surface chemical reactions and significantly deter the backward reaction. In recent years, the Z‐scheme strategies and their key role have been studied progressively through experimental approaches. In addition, theoretical studies based on density functional theory have provided detailed insight into the mechanistic aspects of some breathtakingly complex problems associated with hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. In this context, this critical review gives an overview of the fundamentals of Z‐scheme photocatalysis, including both theoretical and experimental advancements in the field of photocatalytic water splitting, and suggests future perspectives.
Engineering Polysaccharide‐Based Hydrogel Photonic Constructs: From Multiscale Detection to the Biofabrication of Living Optical Fibers
Authors: Guimarães Carlos F. , Ahmed Rajib , Mataji‐Kojouri Amideddin , Soto Fernando , Wang Jie , Liu Shiqin , Stoyanova Tanya , Marques Alexandra P. , Reis Rui L. , Demirci Utkan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSolid‐state optics has been the pillar of modern digital age. Integrating soft hydrogel materials with micro/nanooptics could expand the horizons of photonics for bioengineering. Here, wet‐spun multilayer hydrogel fibers are engineered through ionic‐crosslinked natural polysaccharides that serve as multifunctional platforms. The resulting flexible hydrogel structure and reversible crosslinking provide tunable design properties such as adjustable refractive index and fusion splicing. Modulation of the optical readout via physical stimuli, including shape, compression, and multiple optical inputs/outputs is demonstrated. The unique permeability of the hydrogels is also combined with plasmonic nanoparticles for molecular detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in fiber‐coupled biomedical swabs. A tricoaxial 3D printing nozzle is then employed for the continuous fabrication of living optical fibers. Light interaction with living cells enables the quantification and digitalization of complex biological phenomena such as 3D cancer progression and drug susceptibility. These fibers pave the way for advances in biomaterial‐based photonics and biosensing platforms.
High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc Batteries Based on Organic/Organic Cathodes Integrating Multiredox Centers
Authors: Zhao Yi , Huang Yongxin , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie , Li Li 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrganic cathode materials with redox‐active sites and flexible structure are promising for developing aqueous zinc ion batteries with high capacity and large output power. However, the energy storage of most organic hosts relies on the coordination/incoordination reaction between Zn2+/H+ and a single functional group, which result in inferior capacity, low discharge platform, and structural instability. Here, the lead is taken in in situ electrodepositing stable poly(1,5‐naphthalenediamine, 1,5‐NAPD) as interlayer and excellent conductive poly(para‐aminophenol, pAP) skin onto nanoporous carbon in sequence for the structural optimization of organic/organic cathodes, designated as C@multi‐layer polymer. In situ analyses, electrochemical measurements, and theoretical calculation prove that both CO and CN active groups can act as a strong electron donor as well as Zn2+ host during the discharging process. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the double organic layers, C@multi‐layer polymer delivers high capacity, long lifespan, and excellent capacity reservation even at large discharge current and commercial mass loading (>10 mg cm−2). Introducing multiredox centers into one organic composites will provide new insights into designing advanced Zn–organic batteries.
A Super‐Stretchable and Highly Sensitive Carbon Nanotube Capacitive Strain Sensor for Wearable Applications and Soft Robotics
Authors: Hu Xiaoguang , Yang Furui , Wu Mengxi , Sui Yu , Guo Di , Li Ming , Kang Zhan , Sun Jining , Liu Junshan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe study of flexible and stretchable strain sensors is growing rapidly owing to the demands for human motion detection, human–machine interaction, and soft robotics. However, super‐stretchable and highly sensitive strain sensors with high linearity and low hysteresis are especially lacking, which therefore limits the use of soft strain sensors in varied practical applications. The stretchability and sensitivity of the capacitive strain sensor are constrained by the material characteristics and structure of parallel plate capacitor (theoretical gauge factor [GF] is 1). To address these limitations, a super‐stretchable and highly sensitive capacitive strain sensor composed of two strips of wrinkled carbon nanotubes‐based electrodes separated by a tape dielectric, is presented. By integrating nanomaterials and wrinkled film structure, this device achieves a GF of 2.07 at 300% strain with excellent linearity and negligible hysteresis. This is the first type of capacitive strain sensors that can achieve super‐stretchability and sensitivity simultaneously. Additionally, the sensor has a fast signal response time of ≈80 ms, and good mechanical durability during 1000 stretching and releasing cycles. The authors demonstrate the use of this sensor as a versatile wearable device for human motion tracking, and as a smart real‐time monitoring device for soft pneumatic robots.
Cyclometalated Platinum(II) β‐Diketonate Complexes with Extremely High External Quantum Efficiency for White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kang Jisu , Zaen Rena , Park Ki‐Min , Lee Kyung Hyung , Lee Jun Yeob , Kang Youngjin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThree cyclometalated Pt(II) β‐diketonate compounds with sky‐blue to green phosphorescence are prepared by modifying the substituents of the 2′,6′‐dimethoxy‐2,3′‐bipyridine (OMe2pypy, C^N) chelate ligand. These molecules have the general formula Pt(C^N)(O^O), where O^O = acetylacetonate; one is unsubstituted (1), one possesses a trimethylsilyl (TMS) substituent (2), and the other is substituted with dimesitylboron (BMes2) (3). The intermolecular interactions of 2 are greater than those of 1 and 3, based on color mapping and surface area results from Hirshfeld analyses. Time‐dependent density functional theory calculations reveal that the electronic transitions of monomeric 1 and 3 are predominantly intraligand or ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer mixed with metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer transitions, while for the dimeric forms, dimeric 2, an additional strong metal–metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer transition is observed. White organic light‐emitting diode (WOLED) devices using an 1,3‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)benzene (mCP) or mCP:TSPO1(diphenyl[4‐(triphenylsilyl)phenyl]phosphine oxide) mixed host and 1–3 as dopants are fabricated. With a dopant concentration of 20 wt% in the emissive layer, compound 2 exhibited bright yellow–green emission with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24.9%. This result corresponds to one of the highest EQEs among the reported C^N chelated Pt(II) β‐diketonate‐based WOLEDs.
Highly Efficient and Solution‐Processed Single‐Emissive‐Layer Hybrid White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Tris(triazolo)triazine‐Based Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter
Authors: Chen Xinrui , Wang Shengyue , Lee Ha Lim , Lee Jun Yeob , Liao Xiaoqing , Li Lu , Zhu Weiguo , Wang Yafei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSolution processable organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters show inferior efficiency to devices produced via vacuum deposition. In this context, solution‐processed hybrid white OLEDs are fabricated using a TADF molecule and iridium complex as the blue and red dopants, respectively. First, solution‐processed OLEDs employing a tristriazolotriazine‐based TADF as the blue dopant are designed and fabricated, yielding maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 23.23% with an emission peak at 492 nm. Use of the optimized tristriazolotriazine‐based TADF OLED structure and additional red phosphor achieves highly efficient white light emission with an EQEmax of 22.57%, stable Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.34, 0.34), a correlated color temperature of 5000 K, and a color rendering index of 73. Impressively, accelerated lifetime testing shows the white OLED possessing a lifetime to 80% of initial luminance (LT80) of 40 h, and an LT50 of 298 h. To the best of knowledge, the device performance demonstrated in this work is one of the best comprised of solution‐processed blue and fluorescent‐phosphorescent hybrid white OLEDs. This research provides a reliable method for high efficiency solution processable blue TADF and TADF‐phosphorescent hybrid OLEDs.
Aged Breast Extracellular Matrix Drives Mammary Epithelial Cells to an Invasive and Cancer‐Like Phenotype
Authors: Bahcecioglu Gokhan , Yue Xiaoshan , Howe Erin , Guldner Ian , Stack M. Sharon , Nakshatri Harikrishna , Zhang Siyuan , Zorlutuna Pinar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAge is a major risk factor for cancer. While the importance of age related genetic alterations in cells on cancer progression is well documented, the effect of aging extracellular matrix (ECM) has been overlooked. This study shows that the aging breast ECM alone is sufficient to drive normal human mammary epithelial cells (KTB21) to a more invasive and cancer‐like phenotype, while promoting motility and invasiveness in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Decellularized breast matrix from aged mice leads to loss of E‐cadherin membrane localization in KTB21 cells, increased cell motility and invasion, and increased production of inflammatory cytokines and cancer‐related proteins. The aged matrix upregulates cancer‐related genes in KTB21 cells and enriches a cell subpopulation highly expressing epithelial‐mesenchymal transition‐related genes. Lysyl oxidase knockdown reverts the aged matrix‐induced changes to the young levels; it relocalizes E‐cadherin to cell membrane, and reduces cell motility, invasion, and cytokine production. These results show for the first time that the aging ECM harbors key biochemical, physical, and mechanical cues contributing to invasive and cancer‐like behavior in healthy and cancer mammary cells. Differential response of cells to young and aged ECMs can lead to identification of new targets for cancer treatment and prevention.
Mastery learning improves simulated central venous catheter insertion by emergency medicine teaching faculty
Authors: Pokrajac Nicholas , Schertzer Kimberly , Roszczynialski Kelly N. , Rider Ashley , Williams Sarah R. , Poffenberger Cori M. , Gisondi Michael A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesRoutine competency assessments of procedure skills, such as central venous catheter (CVC) insertion, do not occur beyond residency training. Evidence suggests variable, suboptimal attending physician procedure skills. Our study aimed to assess CVC insertion skill by academic emergency physicians, determine whether a simulation‐based mastery learning (SBML) intervention improves performance and investigate for variables that predict competence.MethodsThis is a pretest–posttest study that evaluated simulated CVC insertion by emergency medicine (EM) faculty physicians. We assessed 44 volunteer participants at a large academic medical center over a 1‐month period using a published 29‐item checklist. Our primary outcome was the difference in assessment score before and after a SBML intervention. A secondary analysis evaluated predictors of pretest performance.ResultsA total of 44 subjects participated. Only four of 44 (9.1%) of subjects met a predefined minimum passing score on pretest. Mean assessment scores increased by 21.5% following the SBML intervention (95% confidence interval [CI] of the difference = 18.1% to 24.8%, p < 0.001). In a regression model, pretest scores increased by 10.8% (95% CI = 2.9 to 18.7%, p = 0.009) if subjects completed postgraduate training within 5 years. Frequency of CVC insertion did not predict performance, but 25 of 44 (56.8%) faculty members had no documented performance or supervision of a CVC insertion within 1 year of assessment.ConclusionsSBML is a promising method to assess and improve CVC insertion performance by EM faculty physicians. Recent completion of postgraduate training was a significant predictor of CVC insertion performance. Our results require validation in larger cohorts of EM physicians across other academic institutions.
Assessing parametric and nitrogen fertilizer input uncertainties in the ORYZA_V3 model predictions
Authors: Yu Jin , Shi Liangsheng , Han Jingye , Yang Qi , Huang Jiesheng , Ye Ming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ORYZA_V3 model is widely used for simulating paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth. However, few studies have assessed the uncertainties in the ORYZA_V3 model predictions. This study examined the effects of uncertainties in crop parameters and input nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates on four growth variable predictions using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo and Monte Carlo methods. The results showed: (a) This model generated accurate predictions of the yield and aboveground biomass (AGB) at harvesting and leaf N concentration (FNLV) at the early (FNLVE) and middle (FNLVM) development stages but poor predictions of the FNLV at the late development stage (FNLVL) and leaf area index (LAI) at tillering, stem elongation, and panicle initiation development stages. (b) Parametric uncertainty had a significant effect on FNLVE and FNLVM predictions but had a negligible effect on LAI predictions at the three development stages. (c) Different input N fertilizer rates produced different degrees of parametric uncertainty in yield, AGB, FNLVM, and FNLVL predictions. (d) Incorporating the uncertainty in the input N rates increased the predictive variance of the variables. The average magnitude of increase was 69.45% for yield; 9.73% for AGB; 0.43% for LAI; and 0, 101.71, and 146.91% for FNLVE, FNLVM, and FNLVL, respectively. However, the mean values of the prediction distributions varied slightly after incorporating the uncertain input N rates. This study demonstrated the importance of the input N rates for simulating the yield, AGB, FNLVM, and FNLVL. The ORYZA_V3 model can be used to determine the impacts of N on rice growth.