bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary 8-OxoGsn as A Potential Indicator of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Frail Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Yao Si-Min , Zheng Peipei , Sun Ning , Cai Jian-Ping , Wang Hua , Yang Jie-Fu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Oxidative RNA damage has been found to be associated with age-related diseases and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGsn) is a typical marker of oxidative modification of RNA. We aimed to assess whether the measurement of urinary 8-oxoGsn could represent a potential early maker in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among frail patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Methods

Urinary 8-oxoGsn was measured in frail (Fried phenotype: 3–5) inpatients with CVD and was corrected by urinary creatinine (Cre) levels. Cognitive function was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), participants were classified into non-MCI (≥ 24) and MCI (< 24). Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the relationship between 8-oxoGsn/Cre and MCI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the 8-oxoGsn/Cre ratio in relation to MCI in frail patients with CVD.
Results

A total of 106 elderly patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age of participants was 77.9 ± 6.8 years, the overall prevalence of MCI was 22.6% (24/106). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, urinary 8-oxoGsn/Cre was independently associated with MCI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.769, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.234–2.536, p = 0.002), after adjusting for age, sex, education level, marital status, and serum prealbumin levels. The area under the ROC curve was 0.786 (0.679–0.893) (p < 0.001), and the optimal cut-off value was 4.22 µmol/mol. The urinary 8-oxoGsn/Cre ratio showed a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 69.5%.
Conclusion

The present study suggests the urinary 8-oxoGsn/Cre ratio may be a useful indicator for the early screening of MCI in frail patients with CVD.
Trial registration:

ChiCTR1800017204; date of registration: 07/18/2018. URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=28931.
New fossil discoveries reveal the diversity of past terrestrial ecosystems in New Caledonia
Authors: Garrouste Romain , Munzinger Jérôme , Leslie Andrew , (deceaded) Jessica Fisher , Folcher Nicolas , Locatelli Emma , Foy Wyndy , Chaillon Thibault , Cantrill David J. , Maurizot Pierre , Cluzel Dominique , II Porter P. Lowry , Crane Peter , Bahain Jean-Jacques , Voinchet Pierre , Jourdan Hervé , Grandcolas Philippe , Nel André 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
New Caledonia was, until recently, considered an old continental island harbouring a rich biota with outstanding Gondwanan relicts. However, deep marine sedimentation and tectonic evidence suggest complete submergence of the island during the latest Cretaceous to Paleocene. Molecular phylogenies provide evidence for some deeply-diverging clades that may predate the Eocene and abundant post-Oligocene colonisation events. Extinction and colonization biases, as well as survival of some groups in refugia on neighbouring paleo-islands may have obscured biogeographic trends over long time scales. Fossil data are therefore crucial for understanding the history of the New Caledonian biota, but occurrences are sparse and have received only limited attention. Here we describe five exceptional fossil assemblages that provide important new insights into New Caledonia’s terrestrial paleobiota from three key time intervals: prior to the submersion of the island, following re-emergence, and prior to Pleistocene climatic shifts. They reveal important changes in floristic composition over time, even between the early and late Miocene.
Machine Learning Algorithms for Prediabetes Risk Calculation: a Protocol of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jeem Yaltafit Abror , Nabila Refa , Emelia Dwi Ditha , Lazuardi Lutfan , Josef Hari Kusnanto 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background One strategy to resolve the increasing prevalence of T2DM is to identify and administer interventions to prediabetes patients. Risk assessment tools help detect diseases, by allowing screening to the high risk group. Machine learning is also used to help diagnosis and identification of prediabetes. This review aims to determine the diagnostic test accuracy of various machine learning algorithms for calculating prediabetes risk.Methods This protocol was written in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement. The databases that will be used include PubMed, ProQuest and EBSCO restricted to January 1999 and May 2019 in English language only. Identification of articles will be done independently by two reviewers through the titles, the abstracts, and then the full-text-articles. Any disagreement will be resolved by consensus. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale will be used to measure the quality and potential of bias. Data extraction and content analysis will be performed systematically. Quantitative data will be visualized using a forest plot with the 95% Confidence Intervals. The diagnostic test outcome will be described by the summary receiver operating characteristic curve. Data will be analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 5.3) software package.Discussion We will obtain diagnostic accuracy of various machine learning algorithms for prediabetes risk estimation using this proposed systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic review registration: This protocol has been registered in the Prospective Registry of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) database. The registration number is CRD42021251242.
Wnt Pathway-Related Three-mRNA Clinical Outcome Signature In Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: Computational Biology And Experimental Analyses
Authors: Sun Siqing , Wang Yutao , Wang Jianfeng , Bi Jianbin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe Wnt signaling pathway is core to the growth of bladder tumors. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is significant for bladder tumor metastasis. Nevertheless, the relationship between the Wnt signaling pathway, outcomes of bladder cancer (BLCA), and the specific mechanisms driving immune infiltration have not been studied.MethodsWe obtained Wnt pathway-related gene mRNA and clinicopathological data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We obtained 34 genes that were greatly correlated with outcome using univariate Cox regression analysis and conducted a completely randomized data t-test to perform clinical staging. According to the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to identify relevant biological functions. Various subtypes were identified using consensus cluster analysis. Univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage sum selection operator–Cox regression algorithm analysis were conducted on TCGA and Gene Expression Omnibus data to identify risk characteristics. The Kaplan–Meier method and receiver running feature curves were adopted to calculate overall survival. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was adopted for the assessment of the degree of immune infiltration. Then, we demonstrated the relationship between PPP2CB and EMT function in two cell lines. ResultsThirty-four Wnt signaling pathway-related genes were risk factors for BLCA outcome, and their expression levels differed by clinical stage. The co-expression of WGCNA showed the relationship between the Wnt signaling pathway and biological functions and was closely associated with EMT. We divided BLCA patients into two subtypes using consensus clustering. Survival curves and clinical analysis showed that the Wnt pathway enriched group had worse outcomes. The Wnt signature showed the significance of the outcome for MAPK10, PPP2CB, and RAC3. Based on these genes, the degree of immune infiltration was evaluated. Cell function experiments suggested that PPP2CB drives the proliferation and migration of BLCA cells.ConclusionWe found that Wnt signaling pathway-related genes can be used as prognostic risk factors for BLCA, and the Wnt signaling pathway is a cancer-promoting signaling pathway associated with EMT. We identified three critical genes: MAPK10, RAC3, and PPP2CB. The genes in these three Wnt signaling pathways are associated with tumor cell EMT and immune cell infiltration. The most important finding was that these three genes were independent prognostic factors for BLCA.
Facile Route Fabrication of Steam Exploded Poplar Loaded with Non-metal Doped Ni-Fe Nanoparticles: Catalytic Activities in 4-nitrophenol Reduction and Electrocatalytic Reaction
Authors: Pan Cheng , Yang Guangying , Yang Haitao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A simple and effective method for the preparation of non-metallic ion-doped nickel-supported catalyst is reported. Using economical and recyclable fiber raw materials as carriers, nickel-supported catalysts are prepared by adsorption and reduction at room temperature. The nanoparticles dispersedly anchored on a rational support can efficiently inhibit the aggregation and thus enhance the catalytic activity. For the model catalytic hydrogenation of 4-NP by NaBH4, the N-B-Ni2P/SEP and N-B-NiFeP/SEP catalysts exhibited much better catalytic performances than other catalysts recently reported in terms of the catalytic activity (reaction completed within 5 min), reaction rate constant (1.617 and 0.765 min− 1) and the activity factor K (539 and 255 min− 1·g− 1), respectively. The catalyst showed activities for electrocatalytic HER and OER under ambient conditions. In general, the reported preparation method of nickel-supported catalyst is convenient, economical and environmentally friendly, which is in line with many green chemistry and sustainable development principles and widely available starting materials.
Controllable Fe ion-anchored Graphene Heterostructures for Robust and Highly Thermal Conductive Cellulose Nanofiber Composites
Authors: Shan Bo , Xiong Yuzhu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Developing the polymer-based thermal interface materials (TIMs) is one of the most promising approaches to address heat accumulation along with the functionalization, integration, and miniaturization of modern electronics, while it is still a great challenge to balance the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. In this article, Fe ion-anchored graphene (FeG) is successfully fabricated by a facile in situ Fe reduction of graphene oxide (GO) approach, and then cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/FeG composites are prepared by vacuum-assisted filtration. FeG exhibits excellent dispersion and exfoliation in CNF/FeG composites, due to the strong interfacial interaction between CNF and FeG, such as hydrogen bonds and “Fe-O” complex binding. Thus, CNF/FeG composite has the largely improved thermal conductivity up to 30.2 W/mK at FeG content of 50 wt%, which is substantially increased by 1160% in comparison with that of pure CNF. In addition, the mechanical performances of CNF/FeG-50 are unexpectedly simultaneously enhanced to 244 MPa for tensile strength, 4.10% for elongation at break, and 9.5 GPa for Young’s modulus, outperforming pure CNF with increase of 137%, 33%, and 121%, respectively. This study provides a significant strategy for the design and construction of high thermal conductivity and high-performance polymeric TIMs in flexible and portable electronics.
Effects of Etomidate Combined With Dexmedetomidine on Adrenocortical Function in Elderly Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Fangjun , Zeng Sisi , Gao Luyue , Li Jiabei , Wang Na 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction

Etomidate has been advocated to be used in anesthesia of the elderly and the critically ill patients due to its faint effect on cardiovascular system. But the dose-dependent suppression of etomidate on adrenal cortex function leads to the limitation of its clinical application. Clinical research shows that dexmedetomidine can reduce the dose requirements for intravenous or inhalation anesthetics and opioids, and the hemodynamics is more stable during the operation. The objective is to observe the effect of etomidate combined with dexmedetomidine on adrenocortical function in elderly patients.
Methods

180 elder patients scheduled for elective ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy were randomly allocated to PR group anesthetized with propofol- remifentanil, ER group anesthetized with etomidate-remifentanil, and ERD group anesthetized with dexmedetomidine combined with etomidate-remifentanil. Patients in each group whose operation time was less than or equal to 1h were incorporated into short time operation group (PR1 group, ER1 group and ERD1 group), and whose operation time was more than 1h were incorporated into long time operation group (PR2 group, ER2 group and ERD2 group). The values of SBP, DBP, HR and SpO2 were recorded at T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 and T7.The time of operation, the dosage of etomidate and remifentanil administrated during surgery, the time to spontaneous respiration, recovery and extubation, and the duration of stay in the PACU were recorded. The serum cortisol and ACTH concentration was measured at t0, t1, t2, t3, t4 and t5.
Results

The dosage of etomidate was significantly lower in ERD1 group and ERD2 group compared with ER1 group and ER2 group(P < 0.05), respectively. The SBP in ER2 and ERD2 group were higher at T1 and T3 compared to PR2 group (P < 0.05). The DBP in ER1 and ERD1 group were higher at T1compared to PR1 group (P < 0.05). The Serum cortisol concentration were higher at t1 ~ 2 in ERD1 group compared to ER1 group (P < 0.05). The Serum cortisol concentration were higher at t1 ~ 3 in ERD2 group compared to ER2 group (P < 0.05).The Serum ACTH concentration were lower at t1 ~ 2 in ERD1 group compared to ER1 group (P < 0.05). The Serum ACTH concentration were lower at t1 ~ 3 in ERD2 group compared to ER2 group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion

The administration of dexmedetomidine combined with etomidate can attenuate the inhibition of etomidate on adrenocortical function in elderly patients and maintain intraoperative hemodynamic stability.
Assessment of Flood Vulnerability in Jamuna Floodplain: A Case Study at Jamalpur District, Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Md. Munjurul , Islam Sabina , Sikder Md. Bahuddin , Islam Md. Saiful 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Flooding is a recurring event, and Bangladesh is particularly vulnerable to it. This study aimed to assess the Jamuna floodplain's community vulnerability. A concise overview of the literature had performed to identify and finalize the indicators of vulnerability. Expert judgments used to weight the selected indicators. Primary data were collected using a pretested questionnaire throughout the field, where 400 households have been interviewed. Using multi-stage sampling techniques, five Upazilas of Jamalpur district, including Dewanganj, Islampur, Madarganj, Melandaha, and Sharishabari, were purposively chosen following extensive flood damage reports. Percentage value was derived using SPSS for each variable collected from the field survey. The variable vulnerability index (VVI) was derived by dividing the weighting value by the field percentage value for each variable. Exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity have been calculated using the variable vulnerability index values. Finally, using a widely recognized established index, the vulnerability was assessed for the study area. The calculated vulnerability scores for Dewanganj, Islampur, Madarganj, Melandaha and Sharishabari are 0.86, 0.84, 0.71, 0.70 and 0.65. According to the survey findings, all the study sites are found highly vulnerable to floods, especially Dewanganj and Islampur Upazilas, due to poor socio-economic conditions, low adaptive capacities, and high exposures. This study recommends resistant materials like brick and concrete in housing construction, sustainable flood-resistant dams and improving their adaptive capacities through socio-economic uplift.
Mobile Sink in Fuzzy Logic and Meta-heuristic Firefly Algorithm based Routing Scheme to Extend Network Lifetime of WSN (MSFLMFLA)
Authors: Navghare Pranali Rajendea , Pandey Sudhakar , Agrawal Deepika 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, wireless sensor network (WSN) improves people's lives by assisting them with a variety of applications. The major challenge in WSN is consumption of power as well as lifetime of the network. Clustering is the important method for saving energy in WSN because the separation of the sender and the receiver is related to transmission energy. In this paper we used fuzzy rules for clustering. Wireless sensor networks are susceptible to energy holes, in which sensors nearer to a static sink rapidly lose energy. To solve this problem and extend network life we used a mobile sink (MS). In this paper, a customized mobile sink node called the mobile data sender (MDS) has been tried to introduce for collecting data from the sensors by going to visit every node and then going to send this to the base station. This paper proposes nature inspired heuristic discrete firefly algorithm to optimal way accumulate information from sensor nodes in order to decrease the path travelled by the MDS while doing the tour. So, in this paper, we consider Mobile Sink in Fuzzy Logic and Meta-heuristic Firefly Algorithm based routing scheme to extend network lifetime of WSN (MSFLMFLA). Here we compare throughput and network lifetime with the static sink in FLMFLA and EHR-DC and LEACH protocol. The results of simulation shows that the MSFLMFLA increases the throughput, residual energy and also increases the data received by the sink.
Serum Pro-Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance in Term Versus Preterm Neonates
Authors: Boskabadi Hassan , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Saeidinia Amin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The oxidant/antioxidant status balance is a process that begins before birth and premature infants are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress. According to the mechanisms of oxidative stress and lack of study in this field, in this prospective study we aimed to compare the levels of serum pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance (PAB) in preterm versus term babies. Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study that was performed in Ghaem hospital, a university tertiary hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The study population was included of all term and preterm neonates who were admitted to the hospital within birth time. Results: In our study, 324 neonates were included. One hundred ninety eight neonates were preterm (61.1%) and others were term (38.9%). The mean birth weight of participants was 3267.19± 446.35gr in term and 1658.78± 644.97 gr in preterm neonates. There was significant difference between PAB level in term and preterm neonates. Serum PAB level was significantly lower in preterm neonates rather than term neonates (21.86± 21.01 versus 50.33± 31.69; P=0.001). There was also significant negative correlation between PAB levels and gestational age. Conclusion: According to previous investigations, we showed for the first time in our study that PAB is lower in preterm newborns rather than term ones. This is in line with the hypothesis that oxidative stress is higher in preterm neonates.
Impact of Academic Interaction Networks on Grades &amp; Jobs: Evidence from Four-year University Trajectories
Authors: Phan Tuan , Ding Dan , Bhattacharya Prasanta , Airoldi Edoardo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Student interactions play a critical role in education. Interactions and collaborative partnerships formed within universities can have a profound impact on academic and job-related performance. However, little is known about the mechanisms using which these networks develop inside the classroom, generate network effects, and impact academic and employment outcomes. We analyze 1.5 million de-identified in-class interactions, grades, and job outcomes for 6,355 undergraduates through a four-year education program to show that students with larger networks exhibit better academic and employment outcomes, and that high-performing students benefit from stronger network effects, as compared to their mid- and low-performing students. Our results also suggest the existence of a network premium - mid-performers with larger networks can achieve higher average salaries than high-performers with smaller networks. We adapted a stochastic actor-oriented model (SAOM) to model the underlying mechanisms of course selection, network formation, and peer influence among students. Our research sheds light on the importance of interaction networks as drivers of academic and employment performance, as well as the different mechanisms through which high- and low-performing students benefit from them. As education shifts to online, educators and policymakers should invest in the design of digital interactions and communities (e.g.forums) which can generate and sustain healthy networks among students.
Imperceptible Adversarial Attacks against Traffic Scene Recognition
Authors: Zhu Yinghui , Jiang Yuzhen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Adversarial examples have begun to receive widespread attention owning to their potential destructions to the most popular DNNs. They are crafted from original images by embedding well calculated perturbations. In some cases the perturbations are so slight that neither human eyes nor monitoring systems can notice easily and such imperceptibility makes them have greater concealment and damage. For the sake of investigating the invisible dangers in the applications of traffic DNNs, we focus on imperceptible adversarial attacks on different traffic vision tasks, including traffic sign classification, lane detection and street scene recognition. We propose an universal logits map-based attack architecture against image semantic segmentation, and design two targeted attack approaches on it. All the attack algorithms generate the micro-noise adversarial examples by the iterative method of gradient descent optimization. All of them can achieve 100% attack rate but with very low distortion, among which, the mean MAE (Mean Absolute Error) of perturbation noise based on traffic sign classifier attack is as low as 0.562, and the other two algorithms based on semantic segmentation are only 1.574 and 1.503. We believe that our research on imperceptible adversarial attacks can be of substantial reference to the security of DNNs applications.