bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-resolution estimates of crossover and noncrossover recombination from a captive baboon colony
Authors: Wall Jeffrey D. , Robinson Jacqueline A. , Cox Laura A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHomologous recombination has been extensively studied in humans and a handful of model organisms. Much less is known about recombination in other species, including non-human primates. Here we present a study of crossovers and non-crossover (NCO) recombination in olive baboons (Papio anubis) from two pedigrees containing a total of 20 paternal and 17 maternal meioses, and compare these results to linkage-disequlibrium (LD) based recombination estimates from 36 unrelated olive baboons. We demonstrate how crossovers, combined with LD-based recombination estimates, can be used to identify genome assembly errors. We also quantify sex-specific differences in recombination rates, including elevated male crossover and reduced female crossover rates near telomeres. Finally, we add to the increasing body of evidence suggesting that while most NCO recombination tracts in mammals are short (e.g., < 500 bp), there are a non-negligible fraction of longer (e.g., > 1 Kb) NCO tracts. We fit a mixture-of-two-geometric distributions model to the NCO tract length distribution and estimate that >99% of all NCO tracts are very short (mean 24 bp), but the remaining tracts can be quite long (mean 11 Kb). A single geometric distribution model for NCO tract lengths is incompatible with the data, suggesting that LD-based methods for estimating NCO recombination rates that make this assumption may need to be modified.SignificanceMost homologous recombination events are noncrossovers (NCO), but little is known about NCO conversion tract lengths. Here we utilize whole-genome sequence data from large baboon pedigrees to estimate the NCO tract length distribution and to study other aspects of recombination.
Structure of ATP synthase from ESKAPE pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Demmer Julius K , Phillips Ben P , Uhrig O Lisa , Filloux Alain , Allsopp Luke P , Bublitz Maike , Meier Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcinetobacter baumannii is a clinically relevant pathogen which causes multi-drug resistant, hospital-acquired infections and is a top priority target for antibiotic development. Cryo-EM structures of the A. baumannii F1Fo-ATP synthase in three conformational states reveal unique features, which represent attractive sites for the development of novel therapeutics.One sentence summaryStructure of Acinetobacter baumannii ATP synthase
Molecular spikes: a gold standard for single-cell RNA counting
Authors: Ziegenhain Christoph , Hendriks Gert-Jan , Hagemann-Jensen Michael , Sandberg Rickard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMolecule counting is central to single-cell sequencing, yet no experimental strategy to evaluate counting performance exists. Here, we introduce molecular spikes, novel RNA spike-ins containing inbuilt unique molecular identifiers that we use to identify critical experimental and computational conditions for accurate RNA counting across single-cell RNA-sequencing methods. The molecular spikes are a new gold standard that can be widely used to validate RNA counting in single cells.
Consistent differences among individuals more influential than energetic trade-offs in life history variation in grey seals (Halichoerus grypus)
Authors: Badger Janelle J. , Bowen W. Don , den Heyer Cornelia E. , Breed Greg A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLife history variation is thought to be mainly a result of energetic trade-offs among fitness components; however, detecting these trade-offs in natural populations has yielded mixed results. Individual quality and environmental variation may mask expected relationships among fitness components because some higher quality individuals may be able to acquire more resources and invest more in all functions. Thus, life history variation may be more affected by variation in individual quality than varying strategies to resolve energetic trade-offs, e.g. costs of reproduction. Here, we investigated whether variation in female quality or costs of reproduction is a larger factor in shaping differences in life history trajectories by assessing the relationship between survival and individual reproductive performance using a 32-year longitudinal data set of repeated reproductive measurements from 273 individually marked, known-aged female grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) from the Sable Island breeding colony. We defined individual reproductive performance using two traits: reproductive frequency (a female’s probability of breeding) and provisioning performance (provisions given to young measured by offspring mass), computed using mixed effects models separately for (1) all reproductive events, and (2) an age-class specific reproductive investment. Individual differences contributed a large portion of the variance in reproductive traits, with individuals displaying a range in individual reproductive frequencies from 0.45 to 0.94, and a range of average pup weaning masses from 34.9 kg to 61.8 kg across their lifetime. We used a Cormack-Jolly-Seber open-population model to estimate the effect of these reproductive performance traits on adult survival probability. Our approach estimated a positive relationship between reproductive performance and survival, where individuals that consistently invest well in their offspring survive longer. The best supported model estimated survival as a function of age-class specific provisioning performance, where late-life performance was quite variable and had the greatest impact on survival, possibly indicating individual variation in senescence. There was no evidence to support a trade-off in reproductive performance and survival at the individual level. These results suggest that in grey seals, individual quality is a stronger driver in life history variation than varying strategies to mitigate trade-offs among fitness components.
Active components of commonly prescribed medicines affect influenza A virus-host cell interaction: a pilot study
Authors: Ianevski Aleksandr , Yao Rouan , Zusinaite Eva , Lysvand Hilde , Oksenych Valentyn , Tenson Tanel , Bjørås Magnar , Kainov Denis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvery year, millions of people are hospitalized, and thousands die from influenza A virus (FLUAV) infection. Most cases of hospitalizations and death occur among elderly. Many of these elderly patients are reliant on medical treatment of underlying chronic diseases, such as arthritis, diabetes, and hypertension. We hypothesized that the commonly prescribed medicines for treatment of underlying chronic diseases can affect host responses to FLUAV infection, and thus contribute to morbidity and mortality associated with influenza. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether commonly prescribed medicines could affect host responses to virus infection in vitro.MethodsWe first identified 45 active compounds of commonly prescribed medicines. Then we constructed a drug-target interaction network and identified potential implication of these interactions for FLUAV-host cell interplay. Finally, we tested the effect of 45 drugs on viability, transcription and metabolism of mock- and FLUAV-infected human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.ResultsIn silico drug-target interaction analysis revealed that many drugs, such as atorvastatin, candesartan, and hydroxocobalam, could target and modulate FLUAV-host cell interaction. In vitro experiments showed that these and other compounds at non-cytotoxic concentrations differently affected transcription and metabolism of mock- and FLUAV-infected cells.ConclusionMany commonly prescribed drugs modulate FLUAV-host cell interactions in silico and in vitro and, therefore, could affect their interplay in vivo, thus, contributing to morbidity and mortality of patients with influenza virus infections.
Comparative transcriptomics reveals unique patterns of convergence in the evolution of eusociality
Authors: Velasque M. , Tan Y. , Liu A.W. , Luscombe N.M. , Denton J.A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEusociality represents a major evolutionary transition that arose independently in at least 12 insect lineages. Despite this prevalence, there remains considerable uncertainty surrounding the catalysing event and underlying genomic changes that enable such modifications. Commonly associated with this evolutionary transition is establishing and maintaining the reproductive division of labour (e.g. a reproductive queen and no-reproductive workers). This division is, at least in part, induced and maintained by highly species-specific pheromones. However, genomic analysis remains conflicted on the role of pheromones in this evolutionary transition. Specifically, if there was co-option of a common pheromone-sensitive genetic pathway present in all progenitor species or strong lineage-specific selection converging on similar transcriptomic signatures.Using a solitary insect model, we sought to determine if various species-specific pheromones induced similar transcriptomic responses, thus activating similar pathways. We measured the transcriptomic and physiological response of a solitary insect,Drosophila melanogaster, to pheromones from bumblebees, honey bees, and termites. Each treatment induced the same strong physiological response - a decreased ovary size. However, employing several methods of transcriptomic analysis, we did not observe conservation in pheromone-mediated gene/pathway regulation.Thus, despite a conserved phenotypic response, the underpinning transcriptome was vastly different. This suggests that pheromone-mediated eusociality is the result of convergent evolution. We propose that mechanisms maintaining eusociality (i.e. proto-pheromone) in early stages of eusocial evolution in each group, thus, acting as a primer for eusociality. This early state is then refined through strong selective pressure, resulting in a converging eusocial phenotype.Visual AbstractFigure 1.
Molecular architecture of the human tRNA ligase complex
Authors: Kroupova Alena , Ackle Fabian , Boneberg Franziska M. , Chui Alessia , Weitzer Stefan , Faini Marco , Leitner Alexander , Aebersold Ruedi , Martinez Javier , Jinek Martin 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTRtcB enzymes are RNA ligases that play essential roles in tRNA splicing, unfolded protein response, and RNA repair. In metazoa, RtcB functions as part of a five-subunit tRNA ligase complex (tRNA-LC) along with Ddx1, Cgi-99, Fam98B and Ashwin. The human tRNA-LC or its individual subunits have been implicated in additional cellular processes including microRNA maturation, viral replication, DNA double-strand break repair and mRNA transport. Here we present a biochemical analysis of the inter-subunit interactions within the human tRNA-LC along with crystal structures of the catalytic subunit RTCB and the N-terminal domain of CGI-99. We show that the core of the human tRNA-LC is assembled from RTCB and the C-terminal alpha-helical regions of DDX1, CGI-99, and FAM98B, all of which are required for complex integrity. The N-terminal domain of CGI-99 displays structural homology to calponin-homology domains, and CGI-99 and FAM98B associate via their N-terminal domains to form a stable subcomplex. The crystal structure of GMP-bound RTCB reveals divalent metal coordination geometry in the active site, providing insights into its catalytic mechanism. Collectively, these findings shed light on the molecular architecture and mechanism of the human tRNA ligase complex, and provide a structural framework for understanding its functions in cellular RNA metabolism.
Assessing and managing the impact of COVID-19: a study of six European cities participating in a circular economy project
Authors: Parisi Cristiana , Bekier Justyna 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the role of performance measurement systems as technologies of government for the assessment and management of the effects of COVID-19 in the context of six cities involved in a large European project.Design/methodology/approachBased on the field study of a large European project, this paper relies on a comparative case study research approach (Yin, 2003). This research design allows insights into the role of central and local key performance indicators (KPIs) in managing the ongoing pandemic.FindingsThis paper explores the role of accounting in the assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic. Its findings illustrate how the “adjudicating” and “territorialising” roles (Miller and Power, 2013) of local and central accounting technologies rendered the COVID-19 pandemic calculable.Originality/valueThis paper connects central and local performance management systems in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It relies on a governmentality approach to discuss how different programmes and the relative KPIs were impacted by the ongoing global crisis.
Direct steady-state solutions for circuit models of nonlinear electromagnetic devices
Authors: Sobczyk Tadeusz , Radzik Michał , Tulicki Jarosław 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to omit the difficulties of directly finding the periodic steady-state solutions for electromagnetic devices described by circuit models.

Design/methodology/approach
Determine the discrete integral operator of periodic functions and develop an iterative algorithm determining steady-state solutions by a multiplication of matrices only.

Findings
An alternative method to creating finite-difference relations directly determining steady-state solutions in the time domain.

Research limitations/implications
Reduction of software and hardware requirements for determining steady-states of electromagnetic.

Practical implications
A unified approach for directly finding steady-state solutions for ordinary nonlinear differential equations presented in the normal form.

Originality/value
Eliminate the necessity of solving high-order finite-difference equations for steady-state analysis of electromagnetic devices described by circuit models.
Muslim Syrian refugee women’s exploration of breast cancer preventative care in a Western Canadian prairie city
Authors: Racine Louise , Isik Andsoy Isil , Maposa Sithokozile 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the barriers to preventative breast cancer screening (BCS) among Muslim Syrian refugee women in a Western Canadian Prairie city.

Design/methodology/approach
Situated within a larger mixed-method study aimed at identifying barriers and facilitators to breast cancer (BC) preventative practices, the authors interviewed three key informants to get an in-depth understanding of the cultural, religious and social factors affecting knowledge of BC and BCS practices among Muslim Syrian refugee women.

Findings
Qualitative findings confirm quantitative results revealing that knowledge about BC and cultural and religious barriers on gender might translate into poor health outcomes for Muslim Syrian refugee women in a Western Canadian city.

Research limitations/implications
This research has limitations related to the sample size and the lack of generalizability to all refugee women. Results indicate the need to develop culturally tailored intervention programs to increase breast awareness and participation in breast-self-examination, clinical breast examination and mammography. The study has implications for health-care policy. Muslim Syrian refugee women need to be educated about BC upon arrival in Canada to counteract low participation rates, promote positive health outcomes and decrease potential costs to the health-care system.

Originality/value
Evidence on Muslim Syrian refugee women’s knowledge and beliefs on BC is sparse. This study addressed this gap by documenting a lack of knowledge and barriers to BCS among Muslim Syrian refugee women.
Patient satisfaction and loyalty to the healthcare organization
Authors: Nguyen Thi Le Ha , Nagase Keisuke 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Customer satisfaction is a tool for measuring providers’ service quality and may be evaluated based on measurement of perceived quality and customer expectations with respect to several aspects of service. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between various factors in the integrated model, including patient expectation (PE), total quality management (TQM), perceived service quality (PSQ), patient satisfaction (PS), patient complaint (PC) and patient loyalty (PL).

Design/methodology/approach
A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to inpatients who were treated in April 2018 at a tertiary-level hospital in Vietnam. The data set was analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 25.0 for descriptive statistics and AMOS 25.0 for structural equation modeling.

Findings
All hypotheses were supported by the results. TQM and PE positively influence PSQ; PE influences TQM; PE, PSQ and TQM influence PS; PC and PS influence PL; and PS influences PC.

Practical implications
These findings have implications for management, highlighting the importance of considering these factors in strategic planning aimed at improving customer satisfaction.

Originality/value
An integrated model was used to measure customer satisfaction and loyalty. The analyses indicate that TQM, PE and PSQ are the main factors that directly influence PS.
What women want: the effect of health agency advertising on patient-doctor communication
Authors: Morton Cynthia , Habib Sabrina , Morris Jon 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between women’s sexual health agency and their intent to initiate communications with their doctors. The research questions examined the effect sexual health agency has on patient-doctor communication, women’s emotional responses to health advertisements encouraging patient communication with their doctors, attitude toward the message and behavioral intentions after exposure to the advertising message.

Design/methodology/approach
An experimental design was implemented via an online questionnaire instrument to test the differences between younger-aged women (25 to 45 years) and mature-aged women (46 to 70 years). It was observed that 188 women who reported their status as single and sexually active in the past 12 months were exposed to a health advertisement that encouraged patient-doctor communication. Analyses were conducted to compare between-group measures on sexual health agency, emotional response and attitude toward the ad and behavioral intention.

Findings
No statistical difference existed between younger and older women. In general, women expect their doctor to lead conversations about sexual health but are positively reinforced by health messages that encourage their assertiveness as patients.

Research limitations/implications
The small sample size also may have limited the study’s potential to evaluate differences between age segments. Future research should explore this further.

Practical implications
The study provides evidence that sexual health advertising can reinforce women’s intent to initiate conversations with doctors regardless of age.

Social implications
Health communications can bolster women’s sexual health agency and improve patient-initiated conversations with doctors.

Originality/value
The study is the first to explore advertising messaging’s potential for applying health agency as a communication strategy for encouraging sexual health communications between women and their doctors.
Effects of school attendance on child labour and literacy: regression discontinuity evidence from Ghana
Authors: Opoku Kwadwo , Boahen Emmanuel Adu 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of school attendance on learning and child labour in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a nationally representative sample of household and individual data in 2005/06 and 2011/12 for the analysis. Regression discontinuity, the capitation grant in 2005 as exogenous, is used to estimate the impact of school attendance on child labour and learning outcomes.FindingsThe study found that children who were exposed to the capitation grant spent more hours in school and were more likely to enrol in primary school. School attendance was found to increase the likelihood to read and write a standardised test in English. Also, the improvement in children’s school attendance was found to enhance the likelihood of performing a written calculation. The authors could not find any evidence that school attendance affected child labour.Originality/valueThis research is the first causality analysis in sub-Saharan Africa that uses a nationally representative dataset to study the impact of school attendance on child labour and learning outcomes using a regression discontinuity estimator to deal with endogeneity issues.
National culture and earnings management in developed and emerging countries
Authors: Viana Jr Dante Baiardo Cavalcante , Lourenço Isabel Maria Estima Costa , Ohlson Marília , Augusto S F de Lima Gerlando 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis study investigates how the association between national culture and earnings management compares between developed and emerging countries.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis relies on a sample of 6,313 firm-year observations from 11 emerging markets and 27,605 firm-year observations from 22 developed countries. The authors use ordinary least squares regression methods to test the hypotheses of the study.FindingsBased on Hofstede's (2011) cultural dimensions, the authors find that firms from countries with a higher level of uncertainty avoidance and individualism are less likely to engage in earnings management, but the effect of uncertainty avoidance (individualism) is more (less) pronounced in the emerging countries. Moreover, the authors demonstrate that firms from emerging (developed) countries with higher levels of power distance and masculinity are less (more) likely to engage in earnings management. Finally, the authors find evidence of a trade-off between accruals-based and real earnings management in firms from countries with greater long-term orientation and an indulgence cultural dimension.Originality/valueThis paper adds to the literature by theoretically discussing and empirically analysing the role that developed and emerging countries' development plays on the effect of national culture on earnings management.
Identifying the risk factors in real estate construction projects: an analytical study to propose a control structure for decision-making
Authors: Deep Shumank , Bhoola Vanita , Verma Saumya , Ranasinghe Udara 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Construction projects in the real estate sector are important for a nation’s economic growth. However, owing to several constraints and stereotypes, the construction industry is suffering from major capital losses. A review of recent literature revealed that risks occurring in real estate construction projects (RECPs) carried out in developing economies can be divided into four categories, i.e. financial risks, design risks, execution risks and sociopolitical risks. This study aims to identify the critical factors that lead to these risk categories and develop a control structure for RECPs.

Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative method, i.e. a questionnaire-based survey, was used for this study. Using a random sampling technique the questionnaire was distributed to selected, highly experienced project managers. To determine whether the factors identified as part of the literature review strongly influence the categories, the factor analysis of the observations was performed.

Findings
The observations made in this study lead to the identification of six critical risk causing factors, i.e. lack of efficient planning, execution constraints, external constraints, client-induced constraints, project constraints and partner experience. The observations indicated a lack of knowledge of project management, organizational culture and a claims redressal mechanism in RECPs. Also, this study recommends a blockchain-based control structure to control the occurrence of the risk causing factors identified.

Originality/value
This study recommends a blockchain-based control structure for controlling the risks occurring.