bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health-related quality of life in bladder cancer patients: general and cancer-specific instruments. Part 1
Authors: Zimmermann Kristin , Mostafaei Hadi , Heidenreich Axel , Schmelz Hans U. , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Mori Keiichiro 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
Although survival outcomes are the primary outcomes to determine the effectiveness of treatment options, quality of life (QoL) is gaining in importance in addition to classic oncological outcomes. The present review aims to state and critically assess the challenges in health-related QoL (HRQoL) assessment especially in bladder cancer (BC) patients.

Recent findings
General QoL-instruments do not address concerns specific to cancer patients or BC patients. Domains, such as sexual functioning, embarrassment, self-consciousness, psychological distress, and urinary incontinence, are not adequately covered by any of the available instruments. With these QoL-instruments becoming increasingly specialized, the general aspects of QoL and possible unanticipated adverse effects are no longer likely to be accurately assessed. Sex-specific requirements have not been properly addressed by these QoL-instruments. HRQoL is reported to be lower in the elderly population, which may be due to their associated comorbidities and limitations, rather than treatment-related issues.

Summary
Due to their specifications, BC-specific instruments need to be used together with general QoL instruments to assess overall well being and disease- and treatment-specific QoL. Assessment of age-specific HRQoL is essential to understanding the QoL burden in each age group. QoL assessment calls for more detailed sex-specific questions to accurately address the HRQoL dimensions in men and women alike.
Artificial intelligence in stone disease
Authors: Ganesan Vishnu , Pearle Margaret S. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a machine, or computer, to simulate intelligent behavior. In medicine, the use of large datasets enables a computer to learn how to perform cognitive tasks, thereby facilitating medical decision-making. This review aims to describe advancements in AI in stone disease to improve diagnostic accuracy in determining stone composition, to predict outcomes of surgical procedures or watchful waiting and ultimately to optimize treatment choices for patients

Recent findings
AI algorithms show high accuracy in different realms including stone detection and in the prediction of surgical outcomes. There are machine learning algorithms for outcomes after percutaneous nephrolithotomy, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, and for ureteral stone passage. Some of these algorithms show better predictive capabilities compared to existing scoring systems and nomograms.

Summary
The use of AI can facilitate the development of diagnostic and treatment algorithms in patients with stone disease. Although the generalizability and external validity of these algorithms remain uncertain, the development of highly accurate AI-based tools may enable the urologist to provide more customized patient care and superior outcomes.
Comparative Clinical and Neuropsychological Characteristics in Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia–Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Patients
Authors: Temircan Zekeriya , Demirtaş Türev 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present study aimed to compare neuropsychological characteristics of patients with schizophrenia and patients with schizophrenia–obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). A total of 78 patients were included in the study, with 32 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 46 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia-OCD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition criteria. Two groups of the patients were compared with each other in terms of demographic data, psychotic symptoms, and clinical and neuropsychological characteristics. In this study, the schizophrenia-OCD relationship was seen at a higher rate in male patients, and this group has worse clinical features. In addition, there was no significant difference among sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, and social and neuropsychological functionality between the two groups. According to our results, patients with schizophrenia-OCD experience more depression and anxiety that are related to poorer quality of life. Longitudinal and more homogeneous patient groups are needed for further studies to reveal whether schizophrenia accompanied by OCD is a comorbidity, a subtype of schizophrenia, or a different disorder.
Autistic Personality Traits and Treatment Outcome for Alcohol Use Disorders
Authors: Hildebrand Karlén Malin , Stålheim Jonas , Berglund Kristina , Wennberg Peter 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The importance of personality traits for the outcome of psychiatric treatment, including treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), has been widely acknowledged. Also, research on autism spectrum disorders has evolved in recent years, emphasizing that the behavioral traits within these neuropsychiatric disorders exist on a dimension both within and outside the boundaries of psychopathology. In the present study, the relationship between personality traits associated with autistic functioning and level of alcohol use among patients before and after concluded AUD treatment was investigated. The participants (n = 165, diagnosed with AUD) were part of a longitudinal project on AUD treatment. Data from personality questionnaires (Structured Clinical Interview of Personality Disorders II and Temperament and Character Inventory) were used to assess autistic personality traits (APTs) based on behavior within Wing’s triad, which were related to background and treatment outcome. The chosen APT items illustrated a personality functioning with an emphasis on social interaction and rigidity. Only certain included questions were indicative of still having a problematic drinking pattern 2.5 years after treatment entry, which adhered to phobic, obsessive-compulsive, and schizoid personality traits, as well as rigidity/stubbornness. Albeit with modest influence, the degree of APTs was associated with heavier drinking at treatment entry, and symptoms relating to social interaction and rigidity were associated with still having a problematic drinking pattern 2.5 years after treatment entry. A higher degree of such traits may result in having problems taking advice from others and establishing treatment alliance, important parts of treatment efficacy, making assessment of such traits relevant to clinicians.
Cigarette Smoking in an Acute Partial Hospital Program
Authors: Guggenheim Frederick G. , Lieberman Paul B. , Farris Samantha G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study explored demographic and clinical features, plus clinical outcomes, in a smoke-free acute partial hospital (PH) among current smokers, former smokers, and those who had never smoked (nonsmokers). Compared with nonsmokers, current smokers were younger and more likely to be unmarried and unpartnered, unemployed, or receiving disability benefits. They had more prior inpatient (IP) and PH episodes. They also had more problems with interpersonal relationships, mood lability, psychosis, and substance use. Compared with nonsmokers, current smokers were more likely to miss PH treatment days and drop out. They also had longer time to readmission to PH or IP. Former smokers resembled nonsmokers, except that former smokers also had a high rate of dropout. Changes in symptoms and functioning for patients who completed PH were the same among all groups. In an acute PH setting, smoking is a marker for psychiatric and psychosocial impairment plus treatment interruption.
Current State of Evidence on Kidney Transplantation: How Fragile Are the Results?
Authors: Budhiraja Pooja , Kaplan Bruce , Kalot Mohamad , Alayli Abdallah El , Dimassi Ahmad , Chakkera Harini A. , Heilman Raymond , Edwards Audrene S. , Mustafa Reem A. 
Published: May 2021

Background.
The study aims is to use the fragility index (FI) to examine the strength of evidence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the last decade on kidney transplantation.

Methods.
We searched MEDLINE for studies on kidney transplantation. We included the RCTs that compared 2 groups with 1:1 randomization and reported significant P values (<0.05) for a dichotomous outcome and were published in the top 10 transplant journals. We calculated the FI; a calculation used to determine the minimum number of subjects needed to change from a nonevent to an event to make the study results nonsignificant (P ≥ 0.05).

Results.
Fifty-seven RCTs met our inclusion criteria. The median sample size was 100 participants in each arm, the median number of events was 16 (interquartile range, 8–30) in the intervention group. Among the included trials, 79% were industry-funded, 93% involved medications, and the majority were open label. The median FI was 3 (interquartile range, 1–11). In 43% of the trials, the number of patients reported lost to follow-up was higher than or equal to the FI. Only 4% of the RCTs imputed a value for the missing dichotomous outcome. Furthermore, the median number of subjects who discontinued the trial because of adverse effects was 21, which was greater than the FI in 60% of the RCTs.

Conclusions.
The arbitrary classification of results into “significant” and “nonsignificant” based on P value <0.05 should perhaps be interpreted with the help of other statistical parameters and FI is one of them.
Whole exome sequencing in the UK Biobank reveals risk geneSLC2A1and biological insights for major depressive disorder
Authors: Tian Ruoyu , Ge Tian , Liu Jimmy Z. , Lam Max ,   Biogen Biobank team, Levey Daniel F. , Gelernter Joel , Stein Murray B. , Tsai Ellen A. , Huang Hailiang , Lencz Todd , Runz Heiko , Chen Chia-Yen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNearly two hundred common-variant depression risk loci have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS)1–4. However, the impact of rare coding variants on depression remains poorly understood. Here, we present the largest to date exome analysis of depression based on 320,356 UK Biobank participants. We show that the burden of rare disruptive coding variants in loss-of-function intolerant genes is significantly associated with depression risk. Among 30 genes with false discovery rate (FDR) <0.1,SLC2A1, a blood-brain barrier glucose transporter underlying GLUT1 deficiency syndrome5–7, reached exome-wide significance (P=2.96e-7). Gene-set enrichment supports neuron projection development and muscle activities2, 3as implicated in depression. Integrating exomes with polygenic risk revealed additive contributions from common and rare variants to depression risk. The burden of rare disruptive coding variants for depression overlapped with that of developmental disorder, autism and schizophrenia. Our study provides novel insight into the contribution of rare coding variants on depression and genetic relationships across developmental and psychiatric disorders.
Hypovitaminosis D is associated with sleep disorders in workers on alternating shifts with cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: de Menezes Júnior Luiz Antônio Alves , Fajardo Virgínia Capistrano , de Freitas Sílvia Nascimento , Pimenta Fausto Aloísio Pedrosa , de Oliveira Fernando Luiz Pereira , Machado-Coelho George Luiz Lins , Neto Raimundo Marques do Nascimento , Meireles Adriana Lúcia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractShift work has serious health impacts due to desynchronization of the circadian rhythm; consequently, the workers have increased sleep disturbances. Another impact is working hours, which can contribute to decreased sun exposure and lead to the development of hypovitaminosis D. Vitamin D has been implicated in extraskeletal functions in many physiological mechanisms, including sleep. Therefore, we aimed to verify the association between sleep parameters and hypovitaminosis D in shift workers with cardiovascular risk. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 82 male rotating shift workers (24-57 years old) with at least one cardiovascular risk factor (such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension, and smoking). Polysomnography was used to evaluate sleep parameters, while vitamin D levels were measured using a chemiluminescence method. Logistic regression was used to model the association between hypovitaminosis D and sleep parameters after adjustment for relevant covariates. Hypovitaminosis D (< 20 ng/mL) was seen in 30.5% of the workers. Shift workers with hypovitaminosis D had lower sleep efficiency, increased microarousal index, and lower arterial oxygen saturation after adjusting for seasonality, age, and body fat. Therefore, we suggest that hypovitaminosis D is associated with greater sleep disturbances in rotating shift workers with cardiovascular risk factors.
Genomic and epidemiological analysis of SARS-CoV-2 viruses in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jeewandara Chandima , Jayathilaka Deshni , Ranasinghe Diyanath , Hsu Nienyun Sharon , Ariyaratne Dinuka , Jayadas Tibutius Thanesh , Madushanka Deshan , Lindsey Benjamin B. , Gomes Laksiri , Parker Matthew D. , Wijewickrama Ananda , Karunaratne Malika , Ogg Graham S. , de Silva Thushan I. , Malavige Gathsaurie Neelika 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn order to understand the molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Sri Lanka, since March 2020, we carried out genomic sequencing overlaid on available epidemiological data until April 2021.MethodsWhole genome sequencing was carried out on diagnostic sputum or nasopharyngeal swabs from 373 patients with COVID-19. Molecular clock phylogenetic analysis was undertaken to further explore dominant lineages.ResultsThe B.1.411 lineage was most prevalent, which was established in Sri Lanka and caused outbreaks throughout the country until March 2021. The estimated time of the most recent common ancestor of this lineage was 29th June 2020 (95% lower and upper bounds 23rd May to 30th July), suggesting cryptic transmission may have occurred, prior to a large epidemic starting in October 2020. Returning travellers were identified with infections caused by lineage B.1.258, as well as the more transmissible B.1.1.7 lineage, which has replaced B.1.411 to fuel the ongoing large outbreak in the country.ConclusionsThe large outbreak that started in early October, is due to spread of a single virus lineage, B.1.411 until the end of March 2021, when B.1.1.7 emerged and became the dominant lineage.
Diagnostic tests for Schistosomiasis for low prevalence settings: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vaillant Michel T , Philippy Fred , Barré Jessica , Bulaev Dmitry , Garba Amadou T 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTests for diagnosing schistosomiasis in areas where prevalence is low due to control programme of the disease should be suffiently sensitive to detect the residual disease. If they had sufficient diagnostic accuracy they could replace conventional microscopy as they provide a quicker answer and are easier to use.ObjectivesTo compare sensitivity and specificity of new tests, especially rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), with regard to a certain reference test.MethodsWe searched the electronic databases Pubmed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and LILACS up to February 2021. Furthermore we searched results from the previous meta-analyses.We included studies that used microscopy as the reference standard: for S. haematobium, microscopy of urine prepared by filtration, centrifugation, or sedimentation methods; and for S. mansoni, microscopy of stool by Kato-Katz thick smear.Two review authors independently extracted data, assessed quality of the data using QUADAS-2, and performed meta-analysis where appropriate. Grading of evidence was done with the GRADE methodology by using GradePro. Using the variability of test thresholds, we used a bayesian bivariate random-effects summary receiver operating characteristic model for all eligible tests. We investigated heterogeneity, and carried out sensitivity analyses where possible. Results for sensitivity and specificity are presented as percentages with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe review gathered 203 articles stating a diagnostic test for the diagnosis of S. haematobium and S. mansoni out of which 114 entered the analyses. Microscopy of Urine filtration or Kato-Katz smears were used as the reference standard.Compared with Kato-Katz smears, AWE-SEA ELISA (Se=94%; Sp=64%) is comparable to CCA1 (Se=87%; Sp=60%). IgG ELISA (Se=93%; Sp=68%) has also a very good ability to detect true positive as well as CAA cassette (Se=73%; Sp=68%). For S. haematobium, proteinuria (Se=59%; Sp=83%) and haematuria (Se=74%; Sp=87%) reagent strips showed reasonably high specificities with a considerably better sensitivity for the haematuria test.There are interesting promising new diagnostic tests that were tested in field studies. However prevalences of the locations where these studies took place are variable and there are no specific study with a high number of patients in areas with low level of schistosomiasis infection.
Characterizing cellular and molecular variabilities of peripheral immune cells in healthy inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine recipients by single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Tong Renyang , Zhong Jianmei , Li Ronghong , Chen Yifan , Hu Liuhua , Li Zheng , Shi Jianfeng , Lin Guanqiao , Lyu Yuyan , Hu Li , Guo Xiao , Liu Qi , Shuang Tian , Zhang Chenjie , Yuan Ancai , Zhang Minchao , Lin Wei , Pu Jun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe systematically investigated the transcriptomes of the peripheral immune cells from 6 inactivated vaccine, BBIBP-CorV recipients at 4 pivotal time points using single-cell RNA-seq technique. First, the significant variation of the canonical immune-responsive signals of both humoral and cellular immunity, as well as other possible symptom-driver signals were evaluated in the specific cell types. Second, we described and compared the common and distinct variation trends across COVID-19 vaccination, disease progression, and flu vaccination to achieve in-depth understandings of the manifestation of immune response in peripheral blood under different stimuli. Third, the expanded T cell and B cell clones were correlated to the specific phenotypes which allowed us to characterize the antigen-specific ones much easier in the future. At last, other than the coagulopathy, the immunogenicity of megakaryocytes in vaccination were highlighted in this study. In brief, our study provided a rich data resource and the related methodology to explore the details of the classical immunity scenarios.
SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence among homeless people, sex workers and shelter workers in Denmark: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Röthlin Eriksen Alexandra R , Fogh Kamille , Hasselbalch Rasmus B , Bundgaard Henning , Nielsen Susanne D , Jørgensen Charlotte S , Scharff Bibi FSS , Erikstrup Christian , Sækmose Susanne G. , Holm Dorte K , Aagaard Bitten , Kristensen Jonas H , Bødker Cecilie A , Norsk Jakob , Nielsen Pernille Brok , Østergaard Lars , Ellermann-Eriksen Svend , Andersen Berit , Nielsen Henrik , Johansen Isik S. , Wiese Lothar , Simonsen Lone , K.Fischer Thea , Folke Fredrik , Lippert Freddy , Ostrowski Sisse R , Ethelberg Steen , Koch Anders , Vangsted Anne-Marie , Krause Tyra , Fomsgaard Anders , Nielsen Claus , Ullum Henrik , Skov Robert , Iversen Kasper 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople experiencing homelessness (PEH) and associated shelter workers may be at higher risk of infection with “Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among PEH and shelter workers in Denmark.Design and methodsIn November 2020, we conducted a nationwide cross-sectional seroprevalence study among PEH and shelter workers at 21 recruitment sites in Denmark. The assessment included a point-of-care test for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, followed by a questionnaire. The seroprevalence was compared to that of geographically matched blood donors considered as a proxy for the background population, tested using a total Ig ELISA assay.ResultsWe included 827 participants in the study, of whom 819 provided their SARS-CoV-2 antibody results. Of those, 628 were PEH (median age 50.8 (IQR 40.9-59.1) years, 35.5% female) and 191 were shelter workers (median age 46.6 (IQR 36.1-55.0) years and 74.5% female). The overall seroprevalence was 6.7% and was similar among PEH and shelter workers (6.8% vs 6.3%, p=0.87); and 12.2% among all participants who engaged in sex work. The overall participant seroprevalence was significantly higher than that of the background population (2.9%, p <0.001). When combining all participants who reported sex work or were recruited at designated safe havens, we found a significantly increased risk of seropositivity compared to other participants (RR 2.1, 95% CI 1.16-3.75, p=0.02). Seropositive and seronegative participants reported a similar presence of at least one SARS-CoV-2 associated symptom (49% and 54%, respectively).InterpretationsThe prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was more than twice as high among PEH and associated shelter workers, compared to the background population. The subset of the study participants who were also sex workers were at particularly high risk of COVID-19 infection.FundingTrygFonden and HelseFonden.
Immunophenotyping and machine learning identify distinct immunotypes that predict COVID-19 clinical severity
Authors: Mueller Yvonne M. , Schrama Thijs J. , Ruijten Rik , Schreurs Marco W.J. , Grashof Dwin G.B. , van de Werken Harmen J. G. , de la Sierra Daniel Alvarez , Kiernan Caoimhe H. , Eiro Melisa D. Castro , van Meurs Marjan , Brouwers-Haspels Inge , Zhao Manzhi , Li Ling , de Wit Harm , Ouzounis Christos A. , Wilmsen Merel E. P. , Alofs Tessa , Laport Danique A. , van Wees Tamara , Kraker Geoffrey , Jaimes Maria C. , Van Bockstael Sebastiaan , Hernández-González Manuel , Rokx Casper , Rijnders Bart J.A. , Pujol-Borrell Ricardo , Katsikis Peter D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractQuantitative or qualitative differences in immunity may drive and predict clinical severity in COVID-19. We therefore measured modules of serum pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral cytokines in combination with the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in COVID-19 patients admitted to tertiary care. Using machine learning and employing unsupervised hierarchical clustering, agnostic to severity, we identified three distinct immunotypes that were shown post-clustering to predict very different clinical courses such as clinical improvement or clinical deterioration. Immunotypes did not associate chronologically with disease duration but rather reflect variations in the nature and kinetics of individual patient’s immune response. Here we demonstrate that immunophenotyping can stratify patients to high and low risk clinical subtypes, with distinct cytokine and antibody profiles, that can predict severity progression and guide personalized therapy.
Immune profile of children with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Long Covid)
Authors: Sante Gabriele Di , Buonsenso Danilo , De Rose Cristina , Valentini Piero , Ria Francesco , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Sali Michela 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is increasing reporting by patients’ organization and researchers of long covid (or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 - PASC), characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain, cognitive and sleeping disturbances, arthralgia and decline in quality of life. Immune system dysregulation with a hyperinflammatory state, direct viral toxicity, endothelial damage and microvascular injury have been proposed as pathologenic mechanisms. Recently, cohorts of children with PASC have been reported in Italy, Sweden and Russia. However, immunological studies of children with PASC have never been performed.In this study, we documented significant immunologic differences between children that completely recovered from acute infection and those with PASC, providing the first objective laboratory sign of the existence of PASC in children.