bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrohydrodynamics natural convection flow of nanofluids in a rectangular cavity enclosed by a corrugated bottom surface
Authors: Roy Nepal Chandra , Yesmin Farjana , Saha Litan Kumar , Siddiqa Sadia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic enhancement of the laminar natural convection nanofluid flow in a closed cavity is investigated numerically. The bottom wall of the cavity is considered to be a wavy surface and is kept at a high temperature compared to the other flat walls which are maintained at the environment temperature. The electric field is generated from the lower surface which is charged with a uniform voltage of direct current (DC). The interaction of the fluid motion, thermal field, and the electric field for the dielectric nanofluid are formulated using the principles of mass, momentum, and energy conservation along with Maxwell’s and Gauss’s law. A suitable coordinate transformation is used to convert the given set of equations into a form, suitable for the implementation of the finite difference method. Results show that the electric field, induced by the charged particles, significantly influence the flow field within the cavity. It is found that the number of convective cells produced in the flow field depends on the number of waves and their amplitude. For a high nanoparticle volume fraction, the isotherms and the isolines of electric field potential demonstrate two maximum points between two crests of the waves of the bottom surface. On the lower wall, which is directly exposed to the DC current, the isolines for the electric field potential, ϕ, and electric charge density, q, attain their maximum values. However, the distributions for the former physical quantity are distorted, and for the latter they are uniform. Further, a range of electrically charged nanoparticles (Cu, Ag, Al2O3, TiO2, CuO) are tested and it is observed that optimum heat transfer is achieved for Ag–H2O nanofluid.
Enabling Taguchi method with grey relational analysis to optimize the parameters of TiO2/ZnO heat transfer nanofluid for heat pipe application
Authors: B Jacob Rubasingh , Selvakumar P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Our previous work demonstrated that the TiO2/ZnO (1:1) nanocomposite suspended in ethylene glycol with CTAB (0.5 ml) as surfactant exhibits better heat transfer property than TiO2 and ZnO nanofluid. As an extension, the influence of parameters such as wt.% of ZnO Nps in TiO2/ZnO nanocomposite (0 wt.%, 25 wt.%, 50 wt.%, and 100 wt.%), the quantity of CTAB (250 μl, 500 μl, 750 μl, and 1000 μl) and vol.% of TiO2/ZnO nanocomposite (1 vol.%, 2 vol.%, 4 vol.%, and 8 vol.%) are analyzed through Taguchi design constructed with L16 orthogonal array is emphasized in the present work. As per the Taguchi design, the responses such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, and normalized height % for the set of input parameters are evaluated. Besides, the multiple responses are graded employing Grey relational analysis and the optimum set of parameters to achieve the preparation of the best nanofluid is identified as 25 wt.% ZnO, 1 vol.% nanocomposite and 500 μl CTAB which display viscosity of 0.043 Pa.s, thermal conductivity of 0.35 Wm−1 K−1, and normalized height % as 1%. Further, the optimal TiO2/ZnO nanofluid is used as working fluid in heat pipe and compared its results with ethylene glycol. From the calculated thermal resistance and heat transfer coefficient values, the TiO2/ZnO nanofluid outperforms the base fluid in a significant manner.
BAli-Phy version 3: model-based co-estimation of alignment and phylogeny
Authors: Redelings Benjamin D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Summary
We describe improvements to BAli-Phy, a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) program that jointly estimates phylogeny, alignment and other parameters from unaligned sequence data. Version 3 is substantially faster for large trees, and implements covarion models, additional codon models and other new models. It implements ancestral state reconstruction, allows prior selection for all model parameters, and can also analyze multiple genes simultaneously.

Availability and implementation
Software is available for download at http://www.bali-phy.org. C++ source code is freely available on Github under the GPL2 License.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Emergence of a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Virus Variant With Novel Genomic Architecture in Hong Kong
Authors: Tse Herman , Lung David Christopher , Wong Sally Cheuk-Ying , Ip Ka-Fai , Wu Tak-Chiu , To Kelvin Kai-Wang , Kok Kin-Hang , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Choi Garnet Kwan-Yue 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, divergent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineages have emerged continuously, mostly through the genomic accumulation of substitutions. We report the discovery of a SARS-CoV-2 variant with a novel genomic architecture characterized by absent ORF7a, ORF7b, and ORF8, and a C-terminally modified ORF6 product resulting from partial 5′-untranslated region (UTR) duplication and transposition.
Good general health and lack of family history influence the underestimation of cardiovascular risk: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Grauman Åsa , Veldwijk Jorien , James Stefan , Hansson Mats , Byberg Liisa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims Underestimation of cardiovascular risk may interfere with prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We investigate whether general health and family history of myocardial infarction (MI) are associated with underestimation of perceived cardiovascular risk, and if the participants’ calculated risk modifies that association.Methods and results The analysis sample consisted of 526 individuals, 50–64 years old, from a population-based cohort study. Information on general health (poor/fairly good, good, and very good/excellent), family history of MI, and self-perceived risk relative to others of similar age and sex were collected though a web-based survey. Participants were categorized into underestimation (n = 162, 31%), accurate estimation (n = 222, 42%), and overestimation (n = 142, 27%) of cardiovascular risk by comparing calculated Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation (SCORE) with self-perceived risk. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for underestimation vs. accurate estimation of cardiovascular risk were computed using logistic regression (n = 384). Very good general health (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.10–6.16) and lack of family history (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.24–4.18) were associated with underestimation of cardiovascular risk. The associations were modified by the participants’ calculated risk level; the association was stronger for high-risk individuals; without family history OR 22.57 (95% CI 6.17–82.54); with very good/excellent health OR 15.78 (95% CI 3.73–66.87).Conclusion A good general health and the lack of family CVD history can obscure the presence of other risk factors and lead to underestimation of cardiovascular risk, especially for high-risk individuals. It is, therefore, crucial to address the fact that the development of CV disease may be silent and multifactorial.
Microbiome variation during culture growth of the European house dust mite,Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus
Authors: Nesvorna Marta , Pekar Stano , Shcherbachenko Elena , Molva Vit , Erban Tomas , Green Stefan J , Klimov Pavel B , Hubert Jan 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTIn culture, the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, shows different growth patterns, but the composition and changes in the associated microbial community during mite culture growth are poorly known. In this study, we analyzed temporal changes in microbial communities including ‘internal’ communities (inside mites, ingested) and ‘environmental’ communities (from culture environment). Microbial community structure was correlated with guanine content (a nitrogenous waste product of mites) and mite population density. Both internal and environmental microbial communities were remarkably consistent between biological replicates from the same culture age group and were composed of relatively few dominant taxa–11 bacterial and 3 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Significant changes over time in microbial community structure in the bulk culture environment and in internal mite samples were observed. The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a main component of the mite diet, gradually disappeared during mite culture growth and was replaced by fungi from the genera Aspergillus and Candida in both ‘internal’ and ‘environmental’ samples. In environmental samples, bacteria from the genus Lactobacillus and S. cerevisiae were negatively correlated, and Aspergillus and Candida positively correlated, with guanine content. The relative abundance of bacteria from the genus Kocuria increased with mite density but declined with increasing guanine content. The relative abundance of bacteria from the genus Virgibacillus was negatively correlated with mite density in ‘internal’ samples. Gram-positive bacteria dominated bacterial microbiomes at all time points in our experiments, indicating a more limited possibility for vaccine contamination by bacterial endotoxins (heat-stable lipopolysaccharides produced mostly by Gram-negative bacteria) in our experimental cultures.
Identifying marine ecological production units in Vietnam
Authors: Bell James B , Nguyên Nguyễn Văn , Việt Hà Vũ , Nguyễn Minh Hoàng , Bùi Hùng Thanh , Trâng Tuân Văn , McIlwaine Paul , Kenny Andrew , Nguyễn Bát Khắc 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ecosystem-based management is generally viewed as one of the most promising avenues for addressing the various anthropogenic pressures facing the world’s marine ecosystems. These approaches have been developed to varying degrees by individual countries or international organisations, but there remain a large proportion of marine ecosystems, particularly in developing regions, that have not yet been the subject of such research. In these areas, lack of effective regulation and the often high importance of the marine environment in providing food and economic opportunities, together create conditions where marine resources and habitats come under unsustainable levels of pressure. Here, we present a data-limited assessment approach to discern marine ecological patterns, in this case for the exclusive economic zone of Vietnam. By combining data from environmental and biological surveys from the Vietnamese national survey dataset and local oceanographic models, we have identified a series of 12 candidate ecological production units, delineated by their environmental characteristics, and the key commercial species that exist within them. These units are suggested as a possible foundation for a spatial management structure in the Vietnamese exclusive economic zone including considerations such as placement of marine protected areas, or ecological boundaries of key areas of socio-economic importance.
Reflection on modern methods: Dynamic prediction using joint models of longitudinal and time-to-event data
Authors: Andrinopoulou Eleni-Rosalina , Harhay Michael O , Ratcliffe Sarah J , Rizopoulos Dimitris 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Individualized prediction is a hallmark of clinical medicine and decision making. However, most existing prediction models rely on biomarkers and clinical outcomes available at a single time. This is in contrast to how health states progress and how physicians deliver care, which relies on progressively updating a prognosis based on available information. With the use of joint models of longitudinal and survival data, it is possible to dynamically adjust individual predictions regarding patient prognosis. This article aims to introduce the reader to the development of dynamic risk predictions and to provide the necessary resources to support their implementation and assessment, such as adaptable R code, and the theory behind the methodology. Furthermore, measures to assess the predictive performance of the derived predictions and extensions that could improve the predictions are presented. We illustrate personalized predictions using an online dataset consisting of patients with chronic liver disease (primary biliary cirrhosis).
Identification and structural analysis of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe SMN complex
Authors: Veepaschit Jyotishman , Viswanathan Aravindan , Bordonné Rémy , Grimm Clemens , Fischer Utz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The macromolecular SMN complex facilitates the formation of Sm-class ribonucleoproteins involved in mRNA processing (UsnRNPs). While biochemical studies have revealed key activities of the SMN complex, its structural investigation is lagging behind. Here we report on the identification and structural determination of the SMN complex from the lower eukaryote Schizosaccharomyces pombe, consisting of SMN, Gemin2, 6, 7, 8 and Sm proteins. The core of the SMN complex is formed by several copies of SMN tethered through its C-terminal alpha-helices arranged with alternating polarity. This creates a central platform onto which Gemin8 binds and recruits Gemins 6 and 7. The N-terminal parts of the SMN molecules extrude via flexible linkers from the core and enable binding of Gemin2 and Sm proteins. Our data identify the SMN complex as a multivalent hub where Sm proteins are collected in its periphery to allow their joining with UsnRNA.
Pressure Injuries in Critical Care Patients: A Conceptual Schema
Authors: Cox Jill , Schallom Marilyn 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

GENERAL PURPOSE
To outline a conceptual schema describing the relationships among the empirically supported risk factors, the etiologic factors, and the mitigating measures that influence pressure injury (PI) development in the critical care population.

TARGET AUDIENCE
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES
After participating in this educational activity, the participant will: 1. Choose a static intrinsic factor that increases the risk for the development of PI. 2. List several dynamic intrinsic risk factors for developing a PI. 3. Identify dynamic extrinsic risk factors that may predispose a patient to developing a PI. 4. Explain the pathophysiology of PI development.

BACKGROUND
The first step in successful pressure injury (PI) prevention is to determine appropriate risk factors. In patients who are critically ill, PI risk is multietiologic, including the pathophysiologic impacts associated with a critical illness, concomitant preexisting comorbid conditions, and treatment-related factors that are essential in the ongoing management of a critical illness.

OBJECTIVE
To outline a conceptual schema describing the relationships among the empirically supported risk factors, the etiologic factors, and the mitigating measures that influence PI development in the critical care population.

METHODS
Risk factors for PI included in the conceptual schema were identified after a comprehensive review of the literature. Risk factors were categorized as static intrinsic factors, dynamic intrinsic factors, or dynamic extrinsic factors.

RESULTS
The schema illustrates the complex relationships between risk factor duration and intensity and the underlying etiology of PI development. The relationships among cumulative risk factors, etiologic factors, and mitigating measures for PI prevention are also outlined in the schema within the context of potentially unavoidable PI development.

CONCLUSION
Examining PI development in patients who are critically ill through the lens of a conceptual schema may guide future research endeavors focusing on the etiologic bases for PI development. It may also provide a framework to explore alternatives to current formal PI risk assessment in this unique subset of hospitalized patients.
A 10-Year Prevalence Survey and Clinical Features Analysis of Pressure Injury in a Tertiary Hospital in China, 2009–2018
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhang Liu-Xin , Zhong Yu-Ling , Hu Xin-Yu , Cheng Yang , Zhou Yu-Feng , Wang Jie 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To describe the 10-year prevalence of pressure injury (PI) in a tertiary hospital in China and determine the clinical characteristics of inpatients with PI.

METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective analysis of PI cases extracted from the electronic health record of a tertiary hospital. The trend of PI prevalence over 10 years was described by estimating the average percent change (EAPC). Comorbidities were described with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The clinical characteristics of PI were described using the number of cases and composition ratio.

RESULTS
The overall prevalence of PI was 0.59% (5,838/986,404). From 2009 to 2018, the rate increased from 0.19% to 1.00% (EAPC = 22.46%). When stage I PIs were excluded, the prevalence of PI ranged from 0.15% to 0.79% (EAPC = 21.90%). The prevalence of hospital-acquired PI was 0.13%. Prevalence increased with age (P
trend < .001) and was significantly higher in men than women (P < .001). Patients with PI were more widely distributed in the ICU (20.58%), vasculocardiology department (11.73%), gastroenterology department (10.18%), and OR (8.29%). Of patients with PI, 71.3% had a CCI score 4 or higher.

CONCLUSIONS
The PI prevalence in the study facility increased rapidly over the study period. Pressure injuries among patients in the gastroenterology department and in the community deserve more attention. The CCI may be a good indicator for PI risk assessment.
Angiosomal Vascular Occlusions, Deep-Tissue Pressure Injuries, and Competing Theories: A Case Report
Authors: Yap Tracey L. , Alderden Jenny , Lewis MaryAnne , Taylor Kristen , Fife Caroline E. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Compression of the soft tissue between a support surface and a bony prominence has long been the accepted primary mechanism of pressure injury (PrI) formation, with the belief that said compression leads to capillary occlusion, ischemia, and tissue necrosis. This explanation presupposes an “outside-in” pathophysiologic process of tissue damage originating at the local capillary level. Despite advances in prevention protocols, there remains a stubbornly consistent incidence of severe PrIs including deep-tissue injuries, the latter usually evolving into stage 4 PrIs with exposed bone or tendon. This article presents just such a perioperative case with the aim of providing further evidence that these more severe PrIs may result from ischemic insults of a named vessel within specific vascular territories (labeled as angiosomes). Pressure is indeed a factor in the formation of severe PrIs, but these authors postulate that the occlusion occurred at the level of a named artery proximal to the lesion. This vascular event was likely attributable to low mean arterial pressure. The authors suggest that the terminology proposed three decades ago to call both deep-tissue injuries and stage 4 PrIs “vascular occlusion pressure injuries” should be the topic of further research and expert consensus.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Rullo Christine A. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is considered a lower-risk procedure for patients with severe aortic valve stenosis. Several FDA-approved trials performed in the United States support TAVR to be beneficial over surgical aortic valve replacement in certain patient populations. An optimal TAVR program consists of a multidisciplinary team that selects candidates for the procedure based on shared decision-making and the patient's anatomy and risk factors, and follows the patients through the Transcatheter Valve Therapy National Registry.
Do PA licensure questions violate the Americans with Disabilities Act?
Authors: Nettesheim Emily , Neary Stephanie , Roman Christopher 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Negative stigma related to mental health diagnoses is common in both clinicians and the public. Questions about physical and mental conditions on licensure applications often are overly broad and may violate the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). This study investigated state physician assistant (PA) licensing applications relating to physical and mental health, and their consistency with the ADA.

Methods:
We collected PA state licensure applications from all 50 states and the District of Columbia. To be considered consistent with the ADA about physical conditions, an application had to only contain questions about a current (within the past year) physical health condition that impaired the applicant's ability to practice as a PA, or not include any questions about physical health. Questions that asked for speculation about possible future situations were considered inconsistent with the ADA.

Results:
Nearly 57% of state PA licensing applications were consistent with ADA guidelines on physical conditions; 51% were consistent for mental health conditions.

Conclusions:
Many state PA licensing boards include questions about physical and mental health conditions that are not limited to current impairment. These licensure questions could violate the ADA, and may reduce PAs' willingness to seek help for mental health issues. Balancing public safety with clinician health is a challenge. Further research and action are needed to optimize PA licensure questions on physical and mental health.
Randomized Trial of Primary Debulking Surgery Versus Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (SCORPION-NCT01461850)
Authors: Fagotti Anna , Ferrandina Maria Gabriella , Vizzielli Giuseppe , Pasciuto Tina , Fanfani Francesco , Gallotta Valerio , Margariti Pasquale Alessandro , Chiantera Vito , Costantini Barbara , Alletti S. Gueli , Cosentino Francesco , Scambia Giovanni 
Published: February 2021

(Abstracted from Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020;30:1657–1664)
Diagnosis of ovarian, fallopian, and primary peritoneal cancer typically occurs in the setting of advanced disease. Two approaches to the initial treatment of these advanced malignancies are neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and primary debulking surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy.