bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of infection by Beauveria bassiana on hemolymph and free amino acid in Xylotrechus rusticus
Authors: Ding Junnan , Yu Shaopeng , Wang Hui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to clarify changes in the immune response of the hemolymph after infection with Beauveria bassiana in Xylotrechus rusticus larvae in order to reveal the physiological regulating mechanism of the pathogenic fungi. The results showed that B. bassiana was infectious to X. rusticus adults. The main infection sites were the thoracic internodes, lower wings, and abdomen. After infection with B. bassiana, the number of blood cells in the X. rusticus larvae was significantly higher than the control. The number of plasma cells and granulocytes in the hemolymph of the insect was largest. The total number of blood cells was mainly affected by the changes in number of plasma cells and granulocytes. The trehalose content in X. rusticus larvae after B. bassiana treatment continued to decrease compared to the control. The glucose content in the larvae hemolymph increased first, then decreased. The acid trehalase activity was significantly higher than the control, and the high activity was maintained for 60–84 h after infection with B. bassiana. Nineteen kinds of free amino acids were detected in the larvae hemolymph infected by B. bassiana. After infection, the total amount of free amino acids in the larvae hemolymph presented a trend where the amount first declined, then rose. Proline, arginine, and glutamine were the main amino acids required for the growth and development of B. bassiana in X. rusticus larvae. The amount of hemolymph and free amino acids played an important role in immunity during the infection with B. bassiana.
Experimental data and predictive equation of the specific heat capacity of fruit juice model systems measured with differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Sánchez‐Romero María Angélica , García‐Coronado Pedro , Rivera‐Bautista Cecilia , González‐García Raúl , Grajales‐Lagunes Alicia , Abud‐Archila Miguel , Ruiz‐Cabrera Miguel Angel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSpecific heat capacity () is regarded as a fundamental parameter for the design, operation, and optimization of the heat transfer equipment widely used in the food industry. Using the calorimetric ASTM E1269‐11 standard procedure, the –temperature () curves of fruit juice model systems prepared at different mass fractions of fructose/glucose/sucrose/citric acid/pectin and water were measured. Thus, experimental data of for solid samples in crystalline and amorphous states from −80 °C up to the melting temperature range and for aqueous samples from −80 to 110 °C were generated. In the tested temperature interval, the of crystalline, amorphous, and aqueous samples were found to be in the ranges of 0.037 ± 0.020 to 5.61 ± 0.04; 0.061 ± 0.004 to 3.12 ± 0.19, and 0.363 ± 0.05 to 3.24 ± 0.14 kJ/kg °C, respectively. Also, a generalized empirical equation based on the type and concentration of components was developed to predict the curves of the studied samples. The proposed equation exhibited a low error sum of squares (SSE < 57.3) and a high coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.927). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed with a confidence level of 95% (p < 0.05). The curves were influenced by temperature, thermal transitions, water, solid types, and compound interactions. Glucose was one of the solids that most significantly influenced the values of samples.Practical ApplicationThe experimental specific heat capacity data and empirical equation proposed in this study are relevant to the design, evaluation, and optimization of heat transfer equipment involved in many foods and biochemical industrial processes such as cryopreservation, frozen storage, freezing, chilling, drying, and the cooking of hard candies.
Enzymatic acylation of rutin with benzoic acid ester and lipophilic, antiradical, and antiproliferative properties of the acylated derivatives
Authors: Li Hai‐Mei , Xu Ting‐Ting , Peng Qing‐Xia , Chen Yong‐Sheng , Zhou Hua , Lu Yu‐Yun , Yan Ri‐An 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRutin (3′,4′,5,7‐tetrahydroxy‐flavone‐3‐rutinoside) was enzymatically acylated with benzoic acid and its esters (methyl benzoate and vinyl benzoate) using Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (Lipozyme TLIM). The acylation reaction was optimized by varying the reaction medium, reaction temperature, acyl donor, substrate molar ratio, and reaction time. The highest conversion yield (76%) was obtained in tert‐amyl alcohol (60 °C, 72 hr) using vinyl benzoate (molar ratio of 1:10) as acyl donor. The acylation occurred at the 2′′′‐OH and 4′′′‐OH of the rhamnose unit and the 2′′‐OH position of the glucose moieties. Three novel rutin acylated derivatives (compounds 1–3) were purified and characterized by HR‐MS and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. We found that acylation significantly improved lipophilicity, capacity to inhibit lipid peroxidation, anticancer capacity and substantially maintained the antioxidant activity of rutin. This research provides important insights in the acylation of flavonoids with different glycosyl moieties.Practical ApplicationIn this study, three novel rutin derivatives were successfully synthesized and the highest conversion yield (76%) was obtained by reacting the rutin and vinyl benzoate at molar ratio of 1:10 in tert‐amyl alcohol for 72 hr at 60 °C. Introducing a benzoic acid substituent into rutin molecule significantly improved their lipophilicity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in lipophilic system. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that acylation significantly improved anticancer capacity and substantially maintained the antioxidant activity.
Effectiveness of joint species distribution models in the presence of imperfect detection
Authors: Hogg Stephanie Elizabeth , Wang Yan , Stone Lewi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Joint species distribution models (JSDMs) are a recent development in biogeography and enable the spatial modelling of multiple species and their interactions and dependencies. However, most models do not consider imperfect detection, which can significantly bias estimates. This is one of the first papers to account for imperfect detection when fitting data with JSDMs and to explore the complications that may arise.

A multivariate probit JSDM that explicitly accounts for imperfect detection is proposed, and implemented using a Bayesian hierarchical approach. We investigate the performance of the JSDM in the presence of imperfect detection for a range of factors, including varied levels of detection and species occupancy, and varied numbers of survey sites and replications. To understand how effective this JSDM is in practice, we also compare results to those from a JSDM that does not explicitly model detection but instead makes use of ‘collapsed data’. A case study of owls and gliders in Victoria, Australia, is also illustrated.

Using simulations, we found that the JSDMs explicitly accounting for detection can accurately estimate intrinsic correlation between species with enough survey sites and replications. Reducing the number of survey sites decreases the precision of estimates, while reducing the number of survey replications can lead to biased estimates. For low probabilities of detection, the model may require a large number of survey replications to remove bias from estimates. However, JSDMs not explicitly accounting for detection may have a limited ability to disentangle detection from occupancy, which substantially reduces their ability to accurately infer the species distribution spatially. Our case study showed positive correlation between Sooty Owls and Greater Gliders, despite a low number of survey replications.

To avoid biased estimates of inter‐species correlations and species distributions, imperfect detection needs to be considered. However, for low probability of detection, the JSDMs explicitly accounting for detection is data hungry. Estimates from such models may still be subject to bias. To overcome the bias, researchers need to carefully design surveys and choose appropriate modelling approaches. The survey design should ensure sufficient survey replications for unbiased inferences on species inter‐dependencies and occupancy.
The association of alcohol use with all‐cause and cardiovascular disease‐related hospitalizations or death in older, high‐risk Veterans
Authors: Blalock Dan V. , Grubber Janet , Smith Valerie A. , Zulman Donna M. , Weidenbacher Hollis J. , Greene Liberty , Dedert Eric A. , Maciejewski Matthew L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of alcohol misuse among older adults has grown dramatically in the past decade, yet little is known about the association of alcohol misuse with hospitalization and death in this patient population.MethodsWe examined the association between alcohol use (measured by a screening instrument in primary care) and rates of all‐cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)‐related 6‐month hospitalization or death via electronic health records (EHRs) in a nationally representative sample of older, high‐risk Veterans. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, including frailty and comorbid conditions.ResultsThe all‐cause hospitalization or death rate at 6 months was 14.9%, and the CVD‐related hospitalization or death rate was 1.8%. In adjusted analyses, all‐cause hospitalization or death was higher in older Veterans who were nondrinkers or harmful use drinkers compared to moderate use drinkers, but CVD‐related hospitalization or death was similar in all categories of drinking.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the complex association between alcohol and all‐cause acute healthcare utilization found in the broader population is similar in older, high‐risk Veteran patients. These findings do not support an association between alcohol consumption and CVD‐specific hospitalizations.
Interim CEO and corporate long‐term investment: evidence from China
Authors: Wu Fei , Yu Jing , Zhao Yujie , Zhou Donghua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBuilding on the short‐term nature of interim CEO contracts, this paper examines the effect of interim CEO appointment on corporate long‐term investment measured by a firm’s R&D spending. We find robust evidence that the corporate R&D investment level is significantly lower during the interim CEO appointment period. The negative association between R&D investments and the interim CEO appointment is most pronounced when interim CEOs exhibit a myopic tendency. The primary findings disappear in the subsample of state‐owned companies, highlighting the bright side of state ownership in ameliorating managerial myopia. Finally, we document that appointing an interim CEO is costly for shareholders in the short run as well as in the long run.
Food addiction in a large community sample of Canadian adults: prevalence and relationship with obesity, body composition, quality of life and impulsivity
Authors: Minhas Meenu , Murphy Cara M. , Balodis Iris M. , Samokhvalov Andriy V. , MacKillop James 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsParallels between the persistent overconsumption of food and addictive drugs have given rise to the notion of food addiction. In a large community sample of Canadian adults, the current study examined the prevalence of food addiction and its relationship with obesity, quality of life and multiple indicators of impulsivity. A secondary goal was to analyze differences between obese and non‐obese individuals with and without food addiction.DesignCross‐sectional in‐person assessment.SettingHamilton, Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsA total of 1432 community adults (age = mean ± standard deviation = 38.93 ± 13.7; 42% male) recruited from the general community using print, bus and internet advertisements.MeasurementsYale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, anthropometrics (including body mass index), body composition (e.g. body fat, muscle mass, body water), World Health Organization Quality of Life scale and impulsivity measures, including impulsive personality traits, delay discounting and behavioral inhibition.FindingsThe prevalence of food addiction was 9.3% and substantially below that of obesity (32.7%), although food addiction was significantly more common among obese individuals (18.5%, P < 0.001). Food addiction was associated with significantly lower quality of life in all domains (βs = −0.21 to −0.34, Ps < 0.001) and significantly higher impulsive personality traits, particularly negative and positive urgency (βs = 0.37 and 0.30, Ps < 0.001). Subgroup contrasts within both the obese and non‐obese strata revealed that food addiction was associated with significantly lower quality of life in all domains (Ps < 0.001). Food addiction among non‐obese individuals was also associated with higher body mass index (P < 0.001).ConclusionIn a general community sample, food addiction was present in slightly fewer than one in 10 individuals, approximately one‐third the prevalence of obesity, but with twice the prevalence among obese individuals. Food addiction appears to be associated with substantively lower quality of life and elevations in impulsivity, particularly in deficits in emotional regulation.
Mortality in the Americas from 2013 to 2015 resulting from diseases, conditions and injuries which are 100% alcohol‐attributable
Authors: Chrystoja Bethany R. , Monteiro Maristela G. , Owe Glory , Gawryszewski Vilma Pinheiro , Rehm Jürgen , Shield Kevin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsTo describe mortality in the Americas from 2013 to 2015 inclusive resulting from diseases, conditions and injuries which are 100% attributable to alcohol consumption.Design and settingMortality registry, population‐based study. The data come from 30 of the 35 countries of the Americas for the triennium of 2013 to 2015.Participants and casesA total of 18 673 791 deaths coded by three‐digit ICD‐10 codes were analyzed.MeasurementsCause (underlying), and age‐specific and age‐adjusted mortality rates were calculated by sex and country.FindingsFrom 2013 to 2015 inclusive, among 30 of the 35 countries of the Americas, an average of 85 032 deaths per year were entirely attributable to alcohol. Men accounted for 83.1% of all 100% alcohol‐attributable deaths, and death rates were higher for men than for women across all countries; however, the ratios of 100% alcohol‐attributable deaths by sex varied by country. The majority of all 100% alcohol‐attributable deaths occurred among those aged under 60 years (64.9%) and were due to liver disease (63.9%) followed by neuropsychiatric disorders (27.4%). Age‐adjusted 100% alcohol‐attributable mortality rates were highest in Nicaragua (23.2 per 100 000) and Guatemala (19.0 per 100 000), although the majority of all 100% alcohol‐attributable deaths occurred in the United States 36.9%), Brazil (24.8%), and Mexico (18.4%).ConclusionsFrom 2013 to 2015, more than 85 000 deaths in the Americas were 100% attributable to alcohol. Most of those occurred in people under 60 years and the highest mortality rates occurred in the United States, Brazil and Mexico.
Treatment for pure red cell aplasia after major ABO‐incompatible allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a multicentre study
Authors: Longval Thomas , Galimard Jacques‐Emmanuel , Leprêtre Anne‐Claire , Suarez Felipe , Amiranoff Denise , Cazaux Marine , Kaphan Eleonore , Michonneau David , Dhedin Nathalie , Coman Tereza , Nguyen Quoc Stéphanie , Peffault de Latour Régis , Resche‐Rigon Matthieu , Sicre de Fontbrune Flore 
Published: April 2021

SummaryPure red cell aplasia (PRCA) following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) with major ABO incompatibility is responsible for transfusion dependent anaemia, impaired quality of life and iron overload. We conducted a retrospective study, over a 10‐year period, which included all consecutive patients who received a major ABO mismatched aHSCT, to assess the impact of specific treatment on PRCA. We did not observe any PRCA in the 57 aHSCT issued from cord blood. Among the remaining 631 patients, cumulative incidence of PRCA was 10·5% [range 8·2–13.0]. The median duration of resolved PRCA was 171 days [IQR 116; 261]. Pre‐transplant high isohaemagglutinins titre was associated with an increased risk of PRCA (P < 10−4). PRCA did not affect overall survival (P = 0·95). Twenty‐two patients (33·3%) received at least one specific treatment. The most commonly used treatments were rituximab (17 patients) and donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI; seven patients). Regarding PRCA resolution, we did not observe a significant difference between treated or untreated subjects (HR = 0·93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·48– 1·80; P = 0·82). Similar results were observed with erythropoietin treatment (22 patients, HR = 0·86 95% CI: [0·47–1·57] P = 0·62). Our data do not support the use of erythropoietin, rituximab or DLI for the treatment of PRCA.
Surfactant cocamide monoethanolamide causes eye irritation by activating nociceptor TRPV1 channels
Authors: Zhao Fang , Wang Shuangyan , Li Yan , Wang Jin , Wang Yujing , Zhang Chunlei , Li Yong , Huang Longjiang , Yu Ye , Zheng Jie , Yu Boyang , Pessah Isaac N. , Cao Zhengyu 
Published: April 2021

Background and PurposeCocamide monoethanolamide (CMEA) is commonly used as a surfactant‐foam booster in cosmetic formulations. Upon contact with the eye or other sensitive skin areas, CMEA elicits stinging and lasting irritation. We hypothesized a specific molecular interaction with TRPV1 channels by which CMEA caused eye irritation.Experimental ApproachEye irritancy was evaluated using eye‐wiping tests in rabbits and mice. Intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and action potentials were measured using Ca2+ imaging and current clamp respectively. Voltage clamp, site‐direct mutagenesis and molecular modelling were used to identify binding pockets for CMEA on TRPV1 channels.Key ResultsCMEA‐induced eye irritation is ameliorated by selective ablation of TRPV1 channels.Rodents exhibit much stronger responses to CMEA than rabbits. In trigeminal ganglion neurons, CMEA induced Ca2+ influx and neuronal excitability, effects mitigated by a TRPV1 channel inhibition and absent in TRPV1 knockout neurons. In HEK‐293 cells expressing TRPV1 channels, CMEA increased whole‐cell currents by increasing channel open probability (EC50 = 10.2 μM), without affecting TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, and TRPA1 channel activities. Lauric acid monoethanolamide (LAMEA), the most abundant constituent of CMEA, was the most efficacious and potent TRPV1 channel activator, binding to the capsaicin‐binding pocket of the channel. The T550I mutants of rabbit and human TRPV1 channels exhibit much lower sensitivity to LAMEA.Conclusions and ImplicationCMEA directly activates TRPV1 channels to produce eye irritation. Rabbits, the standard animal used for eye irritancy tests are poor models for evaluating human eye irritants structurally related to CMEA. Our study identifies potential alternatives to CMEA as non‐irritating surfactants.
Mixed pixel removal in north Tamil Nadu region for accurate area measurement
Authors: Mani Prabu , Rajendiran Nagalingam Shanker , Aruldoss Celine Kavida , Elanchezhian Ganesh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn remote sensing, vegetation and water areas delineation from satellite image plays a vital role for urban and rural planning. Delineation of vegetation and water area is a challenging task due to mixed pixels and geometric distortion over the boundary region. Geometric distortion arises due to change in velocity and speed of satellite during image acquisition, and mixed pixels arises due to different surfaces in a particular area. Traditional methods apply classifier algorithms such as support vector machine, neural network, and fuzzy for vegetation and water area delineation. The traditional methods require more training dataset and consume more interpretation time for delineation. In this article, we propose transverse dyadic wavelet transform (TDyWT) to delineate vegetation and water area from Landsat 8 images. The TDyWT method enhances the boundary and curvature area of satellite image for accurate delineation. From the experimental results, the proposed TDyWT approach delineates the area of subclass for vegetation and water areas with 95% of accuracy with respect to the ground truth.
The role of cannabis in pain management among people living with HIV who use drugs: A qualitative study
Authors: Chayama Koharu Loulou , Valleriani Jenna , Ng Cara , Haines‐Saah Rebecca , Capler Rielle , Milloy M.‐J. , Small Will , McNeil Ryan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionPeople living with HIV who use drugs commonly experience chronic pain and often use illicit opioids to manage pain. Recent research suggests people living with HIV use cannabis for pain relief, including as an adjunct to opioids. This underscores the need to better understand how people living with HIV who use drugs use cannabis for pain management, particularly as cannabis markets are undergoing changes due to cannabis legalisation.MethodsFrom September 2018 to April 2019, we conducted in‐depth interviews with 25 people living with HIV who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada to examine experiences using cannabis to manage pain. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed and coded. Themes were identified using inductive and deductive approaches.ResultsMost participants reported that using cannabis for pain management helped improve daily functioning. Some participants turned to cannabis as a supplement or periodic alternative to prescription and illicit drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids) used to manage pain and related symptoms. Nonetheless, participants' access to legal cannabis was limited and most continued to obtain cannabis from illicit sources, which provided access to cannabis that was free or deemed to be affordable.Discussion and ConclusionsCannabis use may lead to reduced use of prescription and illicit drugs for pain management among some people living with HIV who use drugs. Our findings add to growing calls for additional research on the role of cannabis in pain management and harm reduction, and suggest the need for concrete efforts to ensure equitable access to cannabis.
Posterior drooling in children with cerebral palsy and other neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Delsing Corinne PA , Bekkers Stijn , Erasmus Corrie E , van Hulst Karen , van den Hoogen Frank JA 
Published: April 2021

AimTo evaluate the effect of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) injections, submandibular gland excision (SMGE), and bilateral submandibular duct ligation (2DL) for the control of posterior drooling in children with neurological impairment.MethodIn a retrospective cohort, children with neurological impairment (e.g. cerebral palsy) treated between 2000 and 2016 were identified. Mean age at time of surgery was 9 years (range 1–21y). The primary outcome was posterior drooling severity by a visual analogue scale (VAS; 0–10) at baseline, 8‐weeks, and 32‐weeks follow‐up. The secondary outcome was lower respiratory tract infections during the follow‐up period.ResultsNinety‐two patients (out of 475; 47 males, 45 females) were identified. They were undergoing three different treatments: BoNT‐A (n=63), SMGE (n=16), and 2DL (n=13). A significant reduction in VAS over time was observed in the total group of 92 patients. After SMGE, VAS decreased significantly from 6.82 (SD 3.40) at baseline to 2.29 (SD 1.93) at 8 weeks, and 2.17 (SD 2.58) at 32 weeks (F[2.34]=11.618, p<0.001). There was no significant decrease after both BoNT‐A and 2‐DL.InterpretationPosterior drooling is an unfamiliar, potentially life‐threatening condition that is treatable with medication, BoNT‐A injections, or surgery. Although all treatments reduced signs and symptoms of posterior drooling, there is a greater effect after SMGE compared to BoNT‐A and 2‐DL.
What this paper adds

Submandibular gland excision has better results for posterior drooling than botulinum toxin A or submandibular duct ligation.