bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Semen Characteristics Among Three Phenotypes of Chicken Raised in Akko, Gombe State of Nigeria
Authors: Haruna Usman Tijjani , Saleh Mohammed Sir  , Sadiq Haladu  , Asmad Kari  
Published: September 2021

In poultry breeding program the success of artificial insemination (AI) is highly influenced by the quality of semen. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the variations in semen characteristics of three phenotypes of chicken of the same specie raised in Akko, Nigeria. A total of 9 cocks from threedifferent phenotypes; Red feathered (n = 3), White feathered (n = 3) and Black feathered (n =3). The semen was evaluated for macroscopic (i.e. semen volume and colour) and microscopic (i.e. sperm concentration, motility and morphology) criteria after being collected by abdominal massage method. There were phenotypes variation (P > 0.05)effects on semen motility, number of live/dead sperm and sperm abnormalities. No differences(P>0.05) were observed on volume, colour, concentration, mass motility and pH of semen. The observed sperm progressive motility was ranged from 90.5 ±1.21% to 95.09±0.82%. The White feathered strain had the highest sperm progressive motility (P<0.05)and highest value for live and normal sperm (93.5±0.63% and 87.90±0.25%), while the black feathered had the least and (92.4±0.73% and 85.5±0.50%) respectively. The Red feathered strain had the highest value for both dead and sperm head defect (9.2±0.33%and 7.0±0.52%). Whilst, the Black feathered strain scored the highest percentage of both sperm tail and neck defects with values ranged from 11.4±0.43%to 14.2±1.08% and 19.4±0.53% to 23.6±0.69%, respectively. This study suggests that there are large variations present in semen characteristics of different phenotypes of cocks; White feathered strain is likely have better semen characteristics compared to Red and Black feathered strains. Therefore, White feathered strain can potentially be used in artificial insemination (AI) for chicken production and improvement.
Susceptibility of Malaysian Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivar to Saline Water Submergence Based on the Morphological Traits
Authors: Syafiqah Alia Sazali  , Mohd Shukor Nordin  , Noraziyah Abd. Aziz Shamsudin  , Rozilawati Shahari  , Mohd Rafii Yusop  , Mohd Shahril Firdaus Ab Razak  , Rahiniza Kamaruzaman  , Mohd Syahmi Salleh  
Published: September 2021

Saline water submergence is a newly emerge abiotic stress jeopardizing rice production especially for the rice fields located nearby or alongside coastal areas. The stress was caused by the intrusion of sea water into those rice fields causing flash flood mainly during monsoon season. The present study was conducted to evaluate susceptibility level of selected Malaysian rice cultivars to saline water submergence at seedling stage based on the morphological traits and survival rate. There were six genotypes involved in the study mainly IR64-Sub1 as submergence tolerant control, Pokkali as salinity tolerant control, IR64 as susceptible control and MR297, MR284 and MR253 as local rice cultivars, respectively. The experiment was conducted using split plot design with three replications. On the day 14 after germination, all rice seedlings were totally submerged of about one-meter depth in a polyethylene tank containing saline water at 0, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m for 14 days while the non-submerged plant was control of the experiment. Seedling growth attributes and survival rate were recorded before, right after de-submerged and 14 days after de-submerged. All genotypes however were susceptible to saline water submergence at 4, 8 and 12 dS/m. In contrast, under 0 dS/m, IR64-Sub1 recorded significantly higher survival rate at 83% as compared to MR284 (17%), MR297 (17%), Pokkali (8%), MR253 (0%) and IR64 (0%). All genotypes were not survived under saline submergence. Therefore, further phenotypic screening of rice genetic resources originated from or nearby coastal areas could be suggested in order to increase chance of identifying potentially tolerant genotype to saline water submergence.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Tepung Bata Ringan Pada Campuran Beton Terhadap Kuat Tekan dan Kuat Tarik Belah Beton
Authors: Cunradiana Meiske , Ndale Fransiskus X. , Suku Yohanes Laka 
Published: September 2021

Beton adalah suatu bahan bangunan komposit yang terdiri atas kombinasi ukuran tertentu dari agregat kasar, agregat halus, air dan semen. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kekuatan beton dengan memodifikasi penyusunannya seperti beton ringan, beton semprot(shotcrete)t, beton fiber, beton mutu tinggi, beton mutu sangat tinggi, beton mampat sendiri, dll. Untuk keperluan tertentu terkadang campuran beton ditambahkan dengan bahan aditif kimia dan mineral. Penambahan bahan performa atau mineral diharapkan dapat mengubah kinerja dan sifat campuran beton sesuai kondisi dan tujuan yang diinginkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi dan kadar tepung bata ringan dalam campuran beton terhadap kuat tekan dan kuat tarik belah beton. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Hasil yang diperoleh kuat tekan maksimum beton adalah 23,66 MPa dan kuat tarik maksimum beton 4,38 MPa dengan persentase 10% tepung pada umur 28 hari yang telah memenuhi dan melebihi kuat tekan dan kuat tarik yang direncanakan. beton. f 'c 20 MPa. Kadar optimum tepung bata ringan 10% dapat meningkatkan kuat tekan dan kuat tarik beton. Hal ini berbanding terbalik dengan persentase 30% dan hasil yang didapat sebesar 50% cenderung mengalami penurunan kekuatan.
Pengembangan Kawasan Wisata Air Panas Nggela Dengan Pemanfaatan Landscape Sebagai Acuan Desain
Authors: Sumbi Anselinus Afendi , Siso Silvester M. , Dede Petrus Jhon Alfred D. 
Published: September 2021

Kabupaten Ende adalah salah satu kabupaten yang saat ini sedang gencar-gencarnya berusaha untuk meningkatkan kualitas sebuah kabupaten dengan berbagai strategis pembangunan. Sektor pariwisata menjadi salah satu sektor andalan yang mampu meningkatkan pendapatan daerah, mengingat daerah ini memiliki banyak sekali potensi – potensi wisata yang mampu menarik minat wisatawan baik dalam maupun luar negeri. Wisata yang di ambil tepat di desa Nggela, kecamatan Wolojita, kabupaten Ende, provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, permasalahan yaitu kurangnya sarana dan prasarana yang memadai dan penataan Landscape yang belum teratur sehingga kawasan tersebut tidak mampu menampung wisatawan yang datang untuk beraktivitas, dengan ini perlu adanya pengembangan serta memanfaatan Landscape sebagai acuan desain serta dilengkapi dengan sarana dan prasarana agar kawasan ini mampu menampung segala aktivitas yang terjadi. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengembangan kawasan Air Panas yaitu dengan metode pengumpulan data dan metode analisis data dengan teori-teori Arsitektur untuk mendukung dan sebagai pedoman ketika merancang melalui pemanfaatan Landscape.Ha sil desain dari Pengembangan Kawasan Wisata Air Panas Nggela yaitu konsep-konsep perancangan dengan gambar desain serta menerapkan pemanfaatan Landscape agar Obyek ini diharapkan dapat menjadi tempat wisata yang memiliki suasana yang berbeda dengan objek wisata yang lain pada umumnya di kabupaten Ende.
Analisis Tingkat Kepuasan Masyarakat Terhadap Sarana dan Prasarana Gedung Puskesmas Kota Ende
Authors: Meti Frumarion Amalo , Meo Yohanes , Tyas Indah Wahyuning 
Published: September 2021

Meningkatkan pelayanan masyarakat dalam bidang kesehatan, Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Ende membangun gedung puskesmas di beberapa kecamatan salah satunya adalah gedung Puskesmas Kota Ende yang berada di Jl.Kokos Raya, Kelurahan Mautapaga, Kecamatan Ende Timur. Gedung ini di kerjakan pada tahun 2019 yang terdiri dari dua lantai dengan luas 506 m². Anggaran biaya pembangunan Puskesmas Kota Ende adalah Rp5.980.000.000,00 (Lima Miliar Sembilan Ratus Delapan Puluh Juta Rupiah). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan masyarakat terhadap sarana dan prasarana Puskesmas kota Ende. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien di puskesmas tersebut yang berjumlah 64 responden dan diambil secara random. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel bebas dan variabel terikat, data diperoleh dari pengisian kuisioner secara langsung oleh responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukan jawaban terhadap kualitas sarana dan prasarana Puskesmas Kota Ende, yaitu kriteria tangibles/bukti nyata menjawab puas dengan nilai presentase tertinggi sebesar 89,06%, kriteria reability/keandalan menjawab puas sebesar 85,94%. Untuk kriteria responsive/tanggapan menjawab puas dengan nilai tertinggi 87,50%, kriteria empati menjawab puas dengan nilai tertinggi 81,25% dan kriteria assurance/jaminan menjawab puas dengan nilai tertinggi yaitu 84,38%. Dari penelitian diperoleh hasil, bahwa responden menyatakan puas terhadap sarana dan prasarana Puskesmas Kota Ende.
Kajian Pemanfaatan Air Hujan Sebagai Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Air Bersih Di Pulau Ende
Authors: Tan Valentinus , Wora Mikael 
Published: September 2021

Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk menetapkan hidrologi kuantitatif penggunaan air hujan skala individu untuk memenuhi Kebutuhan air bersih penduduk di Kecamatan Pulau Ende. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan program siklus hujan 2 yang disimulasikan dengan menggunakan data input masyarakat luas atap (m2), kebutuhan air berdasarkan jumlah anggota keluarga (m3/hari) dan data curah hujan harian dalam satu tahun (mm/tahun ). Hasil utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kuantitatif hidrologi air hujan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih bagi masyarakat desa di Kecamatan Pulau Ende, yaitu persentase jumlah air yang airnya terpenuhi untuk 3 tangki minimal 50% berdasarkan kebutuhan air pada tahun 2016 sampai dengan tahun 2020.
Avatars with faces of real people: A construction method for scientific experiments in virtual reality
Authors: Fysh Matthew C. , Trifonova Iliyana V. , Allen John , McCall Cade , Burton A. Mike , Bindemann Markus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExperimental psychology research typically employs methods that greatly simplify the real-world conditions within which cognition occurs. This approach has been successful for isolating cognitive processes, but cannot adequately capture how perception operates in complex environments. In turn, real-world environments rarely afford the access and control required for rigorous scientific experimentation. In recent years, technology has advanced to provide a solution to these problems, through the development of affordable high-capability virtual reality (VR) equipment. The application of VR is now increasing rapidly in psychology, but the realism of its avatars, and the extent to which they visually represent real people, is captured poorly in current VR experiments. Here, we demonstrate a user-friendly method for creating photo-realistic avatars of real people and provide a series of studies to demonstrate their psychological characteristics. We show that avatar faces of familiar people are recognised with high accuracy (Study 1), replicate the familiarity advantage typically observed in real-world face matching (Study 2), and show that these avatars produce a similarity-space that corresponds closely with real photographs of the same faces (Study 3). These studies open the way to conducting psychological experiments on visual perception and social cognition with increased realism in VR.
Experimental and Computational Studies on the Physicochemical Behavior of Phosphine Induced by Reactions with H and D Atoms on Interstellar Ice Grains
Authors: Nguyen Thanh , Oba Yasuhiro , Sameera W. M. C. , Kouchi Akira , Watanabe Naoki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Phosphine (PH3) is an important molecule in the chemistry of phosphorus (P)-bearing species in the interstellar medium. Interstellar PH3 is thought to primarily form on icy grains, where several surface processes may occur during and after its formation. To better understand the physicochemical behavior of PH3 on icy grains in dense molecular clouds, we performed experimental and computational studies on the reactions of phosphine with H and D atoms at low temperatures. We found that phosphine and its deuterated isotopologue PD3 are released into the gas phase from icy surfaces (porous amorphous, compact amorphous, and crystalline ice) via chemical desorption. Even though the effective desorption cross section did not vary between the different icy surfaces, the desorption fraction was smallest for porous amorphous ice. We confirmed that, at 10 K on icy surfaces, H–D substitution reactions of PH3 and D–H substitution reactions of PD3 occurred following reactions with D and H atoms, respectively. Because the activation barrier for the abstraction of H or D atoms from phosphine is ∼1500 K, quantum tunneling should play a role at low temperatures. Under the present experimental conditions, the H–D substitution reaction of PH3 was slightly slower than the D–H substitution reaction of PD3. Therefore, the rates of the H–D and D–H substitution reactions should not be constrained by tunneling reactions but rather by other elementary processes such as atom diffusion on ice. Our experimental results suggest the possible presence of a deuterated phosphine isotopologue (PH2D) in PH3-rich interstellar environments.
Extreme Variability of the V488 Persei Debris Disk
Authors: Rieke G. H. , Su K. Y. L. , Melis Carl , Gáspár András 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
V488 Persei is the most extreme debris disk known in terms of the fraction of the stellar luminosity it intercepts and reradiates. The infrared output of its disk is extremely variable, similar in this respect to the most variable disk known previously, that around ID8 in NGC 2547. We show that the variations are likely to be due to collisions of large planetesimals (≳100 km in diameter) in a belt being stirred gravitationally by a planetary or low-mass-brown-dwarf member of a planetary system around the star. The dust being produced by the resulting collisions is falling into the star due to drag by the stellar wind. The indicated planetesimal destruction rate is so high that it is unlikely that the current level of activity can persist for much longer than ∼1000–10,000 yr and it may signal a major realignment of the configuration of the planetary system.
Damping of Oscillations in Red Giants by Resonant Mode Coupling
Authors: Weinberg Nevin N. , Arras Phil , Pramanik Debaditya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Asteroseismic studies of red giants generally assume that the oscillation modes can be treated as linear perturbations to the background star. However, observations by the Kepler mission show that the oscillation amplitudes increase dramatically as stars ascend the red giant branch. The importance of nonlinear effects should therefore be assessed. In previous work, we found that mixed modes in red giants are unstable to nonlinear three-wave interactions over a broad range of stellar mass and evolutionary state. Here we solve the amplitude equations that describe the mode dynamics for large networks of nonlinearly coupled modes. The networks consist of stochastically driven parent modes coupled to resonant secondary modes (daughters, granddaughters, etc.). We find that nonlinear interactions can lower the energy of gravity-dominated mixed modes by ≳80% compared to linear theory. However, they have only a mild influence on the energy of pressure-dominated mixed modes. Expressed in terms of the dipole-mode visibility V
2, i.e., the summed amplitudes of dipole modes relative to radial modes, we find that V
2 can be suppressed by 50%–80% relative to the linear value for highly evolved red giants whose frequency of maximum power

ν

max

≲
100

μ
Hz

. However, for less evolved red giants with

150
≲

ν

max

≲
200

μ
Hz

, V
2 is suppressed by only 10%–20%. We conclude that resonant mode coupling can have a potentially detectable effect on oscillations at

ν

max

≲
100

μ
Hz

but it cannot account for the population of red giants that exhibit dipole modes with unusually small amplitudes at high

ν

max

.
Retrieving Dust Grain Sizes from Photopolarimetry: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Muñoz O. , Frattin E. , Jardiel T. , Gómez-Martín J. C. , Moreno F. , Ramos J. L. , Guirado D. , Peiteado M. , Caballero A. C. , Milli J. , Ménard F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present the experimental phase function, degree of linear polarization (DLP), and linear depolarization (δ

L
) curves of a set of forsterite samples representative of low-absorbing cosmic dust particles. The samples are prepared using state-of-the-art size-segregating techniques to obtain narrow size distributions spanning a broad range of the scattering size parameter domain. We conclude that the behavior of the phase function at the side- and back-scattering regions provides information on the size regime, the position and magnitude of the maximum of the DLP curve are strongly dependent on particle size, the negative polarization branch is mainly produced by particles with size parameters in the ∼6 to ∼20 range, and the δ

L
is strongly dependent on particle size at all measured phase angles except for the exact backward direction. From a direct comparison of the experimental data with computations for spherical particles, it becomes clear that the use of the spherical model for simulating the phase function and DLP curves of irregular dust produces dramatic errors in the retrieved composition and size of the scattering particles: The experimental phase functions are reproduced by assuming unrealistically high values of the imaginary part of the refractive index. The spherical model does not reproduce the bell-shaped DLP curve of dust particles with sizes in the resonance and/or geometric optics size domain. Thus, the use of the Mie model for analyzing polarimetric observations might prevent locating dust particles with sizes of the order of or larger than the wavelength of the incident light.
Dust Directionality and an Anomalous Interplanetary Dust Population Detected by the Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Pusack A. , Malaspina D. M. , Szalay J. R. , Bale S. D. , Goetz Keith , MacDowall Robert J. , Pulupa Marc 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Theory and previous space missions indicate there are several populations of zodiacal dust. The most prominent populations are grains on bound elliptic orbits (α-meteoroids), and β-meteoroids on hyperbolic escape trajectories governed largely by their size and composition. Yet, there may be other populations not yet confirmed by observation. The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) spacecraft is able to observe in situ dust populations in the densest part of the zodiacal cloud. Over the first seven orbits, dust count rates are well organized by orbital groups based on orbital parameters of PSP’s shrinking orbit. In particular, the first three orbits and the sixth orbit have a single, preperihelion peak in count rate with a gradual drop off postperihelion, while Orbits 4, 5, and 7 have two distinct count rate peaks on either side of perihelion. The secondary peaks in Orbits 4, 5, and 7 are inconsistent with current zodiacal dust models that account for only two dust populations: α- and β-meteoroids. In examining the directionality of dust impacts on the PSP spacecraft, the presence of an anti-ram impactor anomaly postperihelion during Orbit 4 is evident. This anomaly may indicate another dust population beyond the nominal α- and β-meteoroids, and its origin may be related to the Geminids meteoroid stream associated with the asteroid 3200 Phaethon.
Exploring Tidal Obliquity Variations with SMERCURY-T
Authors: Kreyche Steven M. , Barnes Jason W. , Quarles Billy L. , Chambers John E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We introduce our new code, SMERCURY-T, which is based on existing codes SMERCURY and Mercury-T. The result is a mixed-variable symplectic N-body integrator that can compute the orbital and spin evolution of a planet within a multiplanet system under the influence of tidal spin torques from its star. We validate our implementation by comparing our experimental results to that of a secular model. As we demonstrate in a series of experiments, SMERCURY-T allows for the study of secular spin–orbit resonance crossings and captures for planets within complex multiplanet systems. These processes can drive a planet’s spin state to evolve along vastly different pathways on its road toward tidal equilibrium, as tidal spin torques dampen the planet’s spin rate and evolve its obliquity. Additionally, we show the results of a scenario that exemplifies the crossing of a chaotic region that exists as the overlap of two spin–orbit resonances. The test planet experiences violent and chaotic swings in its obliquity until its eventual escape from resonance as it tidally evolves. All of these processes are and have been important over the obliquity evolution of many bodies within the solar system and beyond and have implications for planetary climate and habitability. SMERCURY-T is a powerful and versatile tool that allows for further study of these phenomena.
BIOVERA-Tree: tree diversity, community composition, forest structure and functional traits along gradients of forest-use intensity and elevation in Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Monge González María , Weigelt Patrick , Guerrero-Ramírez Nathaly , Craven Dylan , Castillo-Campos Gonzalo , Krömer Thorsten , Kreft Holger 
Published: September 2021

Here, we describe BIOVERA-Tree, a database on tree diversity, community composition, forest structure and functional traits collected in 120 forest plots, distributed along an extensive elevational gradient in Veracruz State, Mexico. BIOVERA-Tree includes information on forest structure from three levels of forest-use intensity, namely old-growth, degraded and secondary forest, replicated across eight elevations from sea-level to near the tree line at 3500 m and on size and location of 4549 tree individuals with a diameter at breast height ≥ 5 cm belonging to 216 species, 154 genera and 80 families. We also report measurements of eight functional traits, namely wood density for 143 species, maximum height for 216 species and leaf traits including: specific leaf area, lamina density, leaf thickness, chlorophyll content and leaf area for 148 species and leaf dry matter content for 145 species.
BIOVERA-Tree is a new database comprising data collected in a rigorous sampling design along forest-use intensity and elevational gradients, contributing to our understanding of how interactive effects of forest-use intensity and elevation affect tree diversity, community composition and functional traits in tropical forests.
Automatic Camera-Trap Classification Using Wildlife-Specific Deep Learning in Nilgai Management
Authors: Kutugata Matthew , Baumgardt Jeremy , Goolsby John A. , Racelis Alexis E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Camera traps provide a low-cost approach to collect data and monitor wildlife across large scales but hand-labeling images at a rate that outpaces accumulation is difficult. Deep learning, a subdiscipline of machine learning and computer science, can address the issue of automatically classifying camera-trap images with a high degree of accuracy. This technique, however, may be less accessible to ecologists or small-scale conservation projects, and has serious limitations. In this study, we trained a simple deep learning model using a dataset of 120,000 images to identify the presence of nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus, a regionally specific nonnative game animal, in camera-trap images with an overall accuracy of 97%. We trained a second model to identify 20 groups of animals and one group of images without any animals present, labeled as “none,” with an accuracy of 89%. Lastly, we tested the multigroup model on images collected of similar species, but in the southwestern United States, resulting in significantly lower precision and recall for each group. This study highlights the potential of deep learning for automating camera-trap image processing workflows, provides a brief overview of image-based deep learning, and discusses the often-understated limitations and methodological considerations in the context of wildlife conservation and species monitoring.