bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Fluid Rehydration Strategy on Correction of Acidosis and Electrolyte Abnormalities in Children With Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Rewers Arleta , Kuppermann Nathan , Stoner Michael J. , Garro Aris , Bennett Jonathan E. , Quayle Kimberly S. , Schunk Jeffrey E. , Myers Sage R. , McManemy Julie K. , Nigrovic Lise E. , Trainor Jennifer L. , Tzimenatos Leah , Kwok Maria Y. , Brown Kathleen M. , Olsen Cody S. , Casper T. Charles , Ghetti Simona , Glaser Nicole S. ,   the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) FLUID Study Group
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE
Fluid replacement to correct dehydration, acidosis, and electrolyte abnormalities is the cornerstone of treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), but little is known about optimal fluid infusion rates and electrolyte content. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether different fluid protocols affect the rate of normalization of biochemical derangements during DKA treatment.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The current analysis involved moderate or severe DKA episodes (n = 714) in children age &lt;18 years enrolled in the Fluid Therapies Under Investigation in DKA (FLUID) Trial. Children were assigned to one of four treatment groups using a 2 × 2 factorial design (0.90% or 0.45% saline and fast or slow rate of administration).

RESULTS
The rate of change of pH did not differ by treatment arm, but Pco2 increased more rapidly in the fast versus slow fluid infusion arms during the initial 4 h of treatment. The anion gap also decreased more rapidly in the fast versus slow infusion arms during the initial 4 and 8 h. Glucose-corrected sodium levels remained stable in patients assigned to 0.90% saline but decreased in those assigned to 0.45% saline at 4 and 8 h. Potassium levels decreased, while chloride levels increased more rapidly with 0.90% versus 0.45% saline. Hyperchloremic acidosis occurred more frequently in patients in the fast arms (46.1%) versus the slow arms (35.2%).

CONCLUSIONS
In children treated for DKA, faster fluid administration rates led to a more rapid normalization of anion gap and Pco2 than slower fluid infusion rates but were associated with an increased frequency of hyperchloremic acidosis.
A Textual Analysis of Theme and Rheme Structures in Editorials A Systemic Functional Perspective
Authors: A. Hamid Huzaifah 
Published: June 2021

The present study aims to analyze the way writers use language in order to fulfill a purpose by measuring the similarities and differences in editorials with regard to Theme and Rheme choices. Two letters of opinion of an editorial were used in this study to investigate the thematic choices that might differ, given their different purposes. The results indicated that the writers presented the information directly without emphasizing on any proposition encoded in the clauses. Besides, it was also found that the intervention made by the writers is less obvious, as measured by the low occurrences of Interpersonal Theme. In addition, it can also be concluded that the letter of support is more cohesive than the letter of oppose because of its higher occurrences of Textual Theme.
Textual metafunction; ; ; systemic functional linguistics; comparative studies
الصور البيانية في الأربعين النووية للإمام أبي زكريا يحيى بن شرف الدين النووي
Authors: Muammar  
Published: June 2021

Hadist Nabi Muhammad SAW adalah harta karun besar dalam dunia ilmu bahasa Arab terutama dalam bidang Balagah, dan diantara cabang ilmu Balagah adalah al-Bayan yaitu ilmu yang membahas tentang tata bahasa atau morfologi, oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyoroti bentuk, fungsi dan makna kalimat al-Bayan yang terdapat pada hadist-hadist Nabi Muhammad SAW dalam buku "Al-Arba'in An- Nawawiyah” khususnya dalam pandangan analogi dan metafora. Kefasihan dan kepandaian beretorika merupakan salah satu mukjizat dari Nabi Muhammad SAW, sebagaimana Allah telah melebihkan Nabi Muhammad SAW dari pada nabi lainnya dengan ucapan yang pendek dan tetapi memliki makna yang mendalam. Selanjutnya salah satu contoh dari bentuk kalimat al-Bayan dalam kitab “Al- Arbain An-Nawawiyah” ialah sabda nabi Muhammad SAW:
(وَمَنْ وَقَعَ في الشُّبُهَاتِ وَقَعَ في الْحَرَامِ، كَالرَّاعِى يَرْعَى حَوْلَ الْحِمَى يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَرْتَعَ فِيهِ) dalam contoh ini nabi Muhammad menyerupai keadaan seseorang yang terjatuh dalam perkara syubhat sebagaimana keadaan seorang penggembala yang sedang menggembalakan hewan ternaknya di sekitaran area kawasan padang rumput yang terlarang karena perjanjian adat, bila hewan ternaknya masuk ke daerah terlarang maka ia akan dijatuhi hukuman adat, dan hal ini tentu akan sangat beresiko bagi diri penggembala tersebut.
ANALISIS PERBEDAAN GENDER DALAM TINGKAT KEDISIPLINAN BELAJAR MAHASISWA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Wahyuningsih Nur Eka 
Published: June 2021

This study entitled the analysis of gender differences in the level of student learning discipline during the Covid 19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in the level of student learning discipline and the level of learning discipline among female students in the education department in Palu City during the covid pandemic 19.
The research approach used is quantitative research through the survey method, namely research used to obtain data that occurred in the past or present, regarding beliefs, opinions, characteristics, behavior, variable relationships and to test several hypotheses about sociological and psychological variables from the sample drawn from a specific population. Data collection techniques in this study using a questionnaire. Technique of data analysis through independent sample T-test. The population in this study were students majoring in education in the city of Palu. The technique used in sampling in this study was purposive random sampling technique. The results showed that there was no difference in the level of student learning discipline and the level of learning discipline among female students during the Covid 19 pandemic. This can be seen from the sig (2-tailed) value of 0.573> 0.05, so Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. This means that students have the same opportunities, both men and women in terms of discipline in learning.
Importance of Social Competency Development During Business University Studies
Authors: Depoo Lucie , Šnýdrová Markéta , Šnýdrová Ivana , Petrů Gabriela Ježková 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Adequate level of social competencies after university graduation is necessary for today’s competitive environment. This study aims to identify and present most important social competencies based on perceptions of students and graduates of case business university. The data were collected by questionnaire survey of graduates in 2017–2018. Two dimensional statistical methods were used to evaluate the results. Examination of graduates leads to identification of factors affecting preferences in higher education to fill expectation of current society and labor market. Specific factors impacting evaluation of business education and its development are discussed. The results show current approaches towards social competency development. Limit of the study is a narrow focus on one private business university. It may be taken as case study and a base for further research and benchmarking between universities.
Data and E-commerce: An Economic Relationship
Authors: Klimek Libor , Funta Rastislav 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In almost all sectors, online services play a much larger role than a few years ago. Data-driven platform models combine an ever greater degree of market power. The associated concentration effect leads to the displacement of medium-sized companies from the market. When looking at the large platforms of this new digital economy their success model is based almost exclusively on generating data and extracting economically useful information from this data. In relation to trading platforms, the use of data serves among other things to increase efficiency. The so-called data sharing offers numerous advantages that can be leveraged in connection with e-commerce platforms. Due to this, we will first take a closer look at e-commerce and the special economic characteristics of the business model of digital platforms (especially Amazon). The next chapter discusses the current legal framework and focus on the antitrust claims of retailers against online platforms. Then, we will deal with the legal-political approaches to the digital platform economy. The study concludes with various options for action which can be derived from the legal and economic explanations outlined in the previous chapters.
Informal care in the context of long-term health care for the elderly in Slovenia: A qualitative study
Authors: Pavlič Danica Rotar , Maksuti Alem , Panić Aleksandra , Pavleković Klara 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Slovenia is an aging society. Social security expenditures for the elderly are rising steadily, and the majority of Slovenians are firmly convinced that the state must provide elder care. This situation means that informal caregivers face many challenges and problems in their altruistic mission.

Objectives
To explore the experiences and feelings of informal caregivers and to provide an understanding of how informal caregivers support the elderly and what challenges and difficulties they face in Slovenian society.

Methods
The study is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with 10 caregivers. In addition to descriptive statistics, we conducted a qualitative study using the qualitative content analysis method.

Results
We identified four themes among health caregivers’ experiences with challenges and problems in providing long-term health care for the elderly. Caregivers pointed out that they are mostly left to themselves and their altruistic mission of giving informal long-term care to their elderly relatives and friends. Systemic regulation of the national public health care system is the source of many problems.

Conclusion
Other social systems determine and limit the position of informal caregivers in Slovenia. This qualitative study should be understood as useful stepping-stone to future research and real improvement in this area.
Prevalence and incidence of frailty among community-dwelling older adults in Slovenia
Authors: Jazbar Janja , Pišek Špela , Locatelli Igor , Kos Mitja 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Frailty is recognized as one of the most important global health challenges as the population is aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate prevalence and incidence of frailty, and associated factors, among the population of older adults in Slovenia compared to other European countries.

Methods
The prevalence and 4-year incidence of frailty among older adults (≥65 years) were evaluated using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Frailty was defined by the SHARE operationalization of Frailty phenotype. Multiple logistic regression model was used to explore factors associated with frailty.

Results
Age-standardized prevalence (95% CI) of frailty and pre-frailty in Slovenia were 14.9% (13.3-16.5) and 42.5% (39.8-45.2), respectively. Factors (OR, 95% CI) associated with increased frailty in Slovenia included age (7584 years: 5.03 (3.08-8.22); ≥85 years 21.7 (10.6-44.7) vs. 65-74 years), self-rated health (fair: 4.58 (2.75-7.61), poor: 54.6 (28.1-105.9) vs. excellent/very good/good), number of chronic diseases (1.20 (1.03-1.40)), and polypharmacy (yes: 3.25 (1.93-5.48) vs. no). Female gender and lower education were significantly associated with pre-frailty, but not frailty, in the adjusted model. Independently of these characteristics, age-standardized prevalence of frailty varied among geographical regions. Age-standardized 4-year incidence of frailty and pre-frailty in Slovenia were 6.6% (3.0-10.1) and 40.2% (32.7-47.6), respectively.

Conclusion
Among the Slovenian population of older adults aged 65 years and older, the age-standardized prevalence of frailty is 15% and 4-year incidence of frailty is 7%. Regional differences in Slovenia show the lowest prevalence in central Slovenian regions and the highest in northeastern Slovenian regions.
Perceptions of and Actions toward Unproductive and Deleterious Faculty
Authors: Desselle Shane Paul , Zgarrick David , Ramachandran Sujith 
Published: June 2021

Background: Academic deadwood is a term used to describe certain faculty whose behaviors are counter to the organization’s goals. Little is known about those behaviors and aspects of performance considered most problematic, nor how academic pharmacy is addressing the issue of these faculty.
Objectives:(1) Ascribe the salience of various factors in defining deleterious, or so-called “deadwood” faculty and determine differences in these perceptions according to faculty institution, rank, discipline, years of experience, and other personal and work-related factors; (2) identify perceptions of what is currently done and what should be done in response to these faculty; and (3) discern differences among faculty and administrators in these perceptions.
Methods: The study utilized a web-based survey of U.S. faculty in colleges/schools of pharmacy delivered to a census sample of 3378 members within 2018 AACP list-servs. Items were developed from the literature with the express intent of measuring various aspects of academic deadwood pertaining to the study objectives. Reminders were employed to maximize survey responses. Frequency distributions and chi-square statistics were conducted to describe the data.
Results: The research found poor quality of teaching, poor citizenship behaviors, and lack of scholarly publications to be defining of deadwood. Responding faculty believed that there should be attempts to develop and rejuvenate these faculty, but also disciplinary actions and termination in some cases. The research identified a significant gap between the frequencies of actions currently being taken in response to these faculty versus the frequency with which actions should be taken. While there were differences of opinion in describing and recommending frequency of action in response to these faculty, respondents from different types of institutions and holding different administrative appointments and rank were largely in agreement.
Conclusions: There was general agreement among faculty in varying positions, including supervisory ones, at different types of institutions on what is currently being done and what should be done in regard to deadwood faculty. The paper discusses implications for communication and academic governance, even within the boundaries of policies, rules, and regulations at the larger, institutional level.
Musical Totem: A Collaborative Composition Methodology During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Carrillo Víctor Manuel Rubio , Echeverría-Valencia David , Vaca Eliana Sofia , Prado Sebastián López 
Published: June 2021

As part of the Action Research Network of the Americas, the Musical Learning Community is a collaborative group, founded during the COVID-19 global pandemic, that has brought together musicians, artists, and educators to generate shared experiences. As members of this community, we explore new ways for collaborative music-making. Through creative, cultural, and conceptual influences, the idea of the Musical Totem emerged as a collaborative music composition methodology to transcend geographical distancing. We sought interpretative freedom by adopting methods of the surrealist technique Cadavre Exquis (Exquisite Corpse) while relying on the rich concept of totems to find thematic material and set compositional parameters. The process was carried out using arts-based and autoethnographic research approaches, which provided insights into our creative musical responses and remote collaborative working processes. This endeavor showed us that symbolism can provide compositional and performative challenges and that, as a methodology, the Musical Totem can create freedom and constraints depending on the musician, the conceptual influences, and the instrumentation. We also learned that engaging in a collaborative music-making process led to increased community bonding through shared creative expression.
KEKUASAAN DISKRESI HAKIM PENGADILAN HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL
Authors: Widiastiani Nindry Sulistya 
Published: June 2021

In this article the author discusses the discretionary powers granted to Labour Dispute Court judges. Better known, in comparison, are the discretionary powers of criminal court judges in determining penal sanctions or of Islamic court judges when granting dispensation to marry for underage couples. Using a juridical normative method, the discussion focusses on the principles underlying the Labour Dispute Court judge’ discretionary powers and its implementation. The analysis shows that Labour Dispute Court judges do have and enjoy discretionary powers in determining betterment of working conditions, how to best fill gaps or seek clarity in the face of ambiguous rules and regulations found in work contract, company regulations or collective work agreement.
Testicular torsion: An assessment of knowledge and referral pattern among health care workers in primary health-care facilities in Auchi, Nigeria
Authors: Ogbetere Friday Emeakpor , Akerele William Omoh 
Published: June 2021

Objectives:
Testicular torsion is the twisting of the spermatic cord with attendant loss of the blood supply to the affected testis. It is a common urological emergency and one of the frequent causes of acute scrotum in adolescents and young adults. Prompt diagnosis and immediate surgical intervention are necessary for testicular salvage. Testicular loss is directly linked to delay in presentation, surgery, and the referral patterns at the point of the first contact with health-care providers. The purpose of our study is to assess the knowledge, management methods, and referral pattern among health care workers in the primary health-care facilities in Auchi primary health-care zone, Nigeria.

Material and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional carried out among primary health care workers in Auchi primary health-care zone between May and October 2020. A structured self-administered questionnaire was given to all the first contact health care workers in this zone. The knowledge, management, and referral pattern of testicular torsion were determined based on responses to the questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results were displayed with frequency distribution tables and charts.

Results:
Eighty-seven health care workers met the inclusion criteria and were given questionnaires to fill. The mean age of the respondents was 37.74 ± 7.53 years. The majority of the health workers (n = 66, 75.9%) have more than 5 years’ experience with only 12 (13.8%) having a secondary level of education. Most respondents have heard of testicular torsion (n = 77, 88.5%) and know the symptoms (n = 68, 78.2%) but they have a poor knowledge of the age group predominantly affected (n = 36, 41.1%) and testicular survival time following torsion (n= 41, 47.7%). Only about a third (n = 28, 32.2%) had attended to patients with testicular torsion. Of the 28 health workers who had managed patients with testicular torsion, less than half (n = 11, 39.3%) referred almost immediately, while about half treated conservatively (n = 14, 49.9%) keeping the patients under their care for a period of 3–7 days.

Conclusion:
This study showed that a comprehensive education of all categories of health workers in the primary health-care centers is needed. This is necessary for the early identification and appropriate surgical intervention or prompt referral of patients with testicular torsion to prevent avoidable testicular losses.
Mathematics Make Students Confused and Anxious: a Comparisons Between Australia, Indonesia, and Singapore in The 2015 Timss
Authors: Safari NFN 
Published: June 2021

The main purpose of this study is to find out the perceptions about Mathematics that confuse and anxious 2015 TIMSS participants in Australia, Indonesia, and Singapre. The data in this study is the 2015 TIMSS data that has been released to the public and has available for development purpose research. The research method used is quantitative method. The population of this study is students' perceptions of Mathematics subject that confuse and worry students aged 15 years in three countries who are studying in 2015, while the sample is 15-year-old students’ perceptions in these countries. The data in this study were in the form of questionnaires which were answered by 16599 students from these three countries. Based on the results of the analysis of variance, there is a significant difference (P <0,000) on students' perceptions about mathematics subject that confuse and worry students in these three countries (Sig. 0,000). The reliability of students' abilities is the same, Australia = 0.74, Indonesia = 0.75; and Singpura = 0.75. The conclusion is most students in these three countries stated "disagree a lot" about mathematics make students confuse and worry.
Штрихи до біографічно-ідеологічного портрета Святослава Караванського
Authors: Фаріон Ірина 
Published: June 2021

У статті вперше розглянуто окремі особливості біографічно-ідеологічного портрета відомого українського мовознавця і політика Святослава Караванського (1920–2015). Простежено цілісність націоналістичного світогляду мовознавця, нескореного понад 30-річним ув’язненням московським тоталітарним режимом та 37-річним перебуванням на еміграції. Аналіз здійснено на основі двох основних максим мислителя, науковця і борця: історичної і соціолінгвальної.
Найдавніші слова-фауносимволи в міфопоетичній картині світу української народної пісні
Authors: Данилюк Ніна 
Published: June 2021

У статті розглянуто найдавніші слова-символи на позначення тварин: тур, олень, лось, вепр, ведмідь, віл, кінь, змій, павук, пов’язані з космогонічними уявленнями наших предків, що є складниками міфопоетичної картини світу, відображеної в народнопісенних текстах. Уточнено поняття «народнопоетичне слово-символ» як мовний образ, що має звукове оформлення і виявляє постійний асоціативний зв’язок з предметом дійсності та поняттям, зафіксованим у свідомості носіїв фольклору. Символічне значення розглянуто як похідне значення слова, що виникає внаслідок стійких асоціативних зв’язків.
PENGOLAHAN RUMPUT LAUT UNTUK DIVERSIFIKASI MAKANAN OLAHAN BAGI WISATAWAN DI DESA EKAS BUANA
Authors: Diniarti Nanda , Lizawati Baiq , Wulandari Baiq Retno , Rosalina Ananda , Hadi Sopiyan , Mukhlisatun  
Published: June 2021

Pantai Ekas merupakan spot wisata bahari yang terkenal dan sering di datangi oleh wisatawan baik dari luar Lombok maupun dari pulau Lombok sendiri. Pantai Ekas terletak di Desa Ekas Buana Kecamatan Jerowaru Lombok Timur. Adanya kunjungan wisatawan ke Pantai Ekas membuat peluang usaha kuliner yang berbasis bahan dasar yang banyak terdapat di Desa Ekas Buana. Sebagai wilayah pesisir Desa Ekas Buana memiliki sumberdaya hayati yang kaya, salah satunya rumput laut yang banyak tumbuh di pantai dan ada pula kegiatan budidaya rumput laut jenis Eucheuma cottonii di bulan tertentu. Pengolahan rumput laut kering menjadi puding mejadi pilihan pada pelatihan yang diadakan. Kegiatan pelatihan pengolahan dilakukan pada tanggal 9 Februari 2021 bertempat di kediaman Pak Rumawe. Kegiatan merupakan bagian dari Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Universitas Mataram Era New Normal. Tujuan dari pelatihan ini adalah meningkatkan keterampilan ibu-ibu dalam mengolah rumput laut kering. Metode palaksanaan kegiatan meliputi pelatihan dan diskusi. Hasil pelatihan berupa meningkatnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan ibu-ibu dalam mengolah rumput laut kering menjadi pudding. Puding gula merah yang dihasilkan pada pelatihan memiliki tekstur yang kokoh dan rasa yang enak. Untuk kemasan disarankan menggunakan cup khusus puding agar lebih higienis dan mudah dibawa oleh wisatawan