bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobocertinib: A Potential Treatment for NSCLC with EGFR Exon 20 Insertions
Authors: Pacheco Jose M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Summary:
Amivantamab is the only FDA-approved therapy for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR exon 20 insertions. Unfortunately, patients eventually develop progression of disease on this therapy, and most do not respond to this treatment. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Gonzalvez and colleagues and Riely and colleagues highlight preclinical and early clinical data supporting mobocertinib as a potentially efficacious agent for NSCLC with EGFR exon 20 insertions.
See related article by Riely et al., p. 1688.
See related article by Gonzalvez et al., p. 1672.
A Century in the Making: Receiving the Samaritan Pentecost (Acts 8:4–25) in the Pentecostal and Charismatic Traditions
Authors: Mittelstadt Martin W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this address, I outline a history of pentecostal/charismatic reception. I explore different ways that pentecostal/charismatic believers have received, appropriated, and used Acts 8 throughout our history. I propose that a reception of more than one hundred years of pentecostal musings over Acts 8 provides a snapshot of our extended pentecostal family. I suggest up front that this family history exposes pentecostal/charismatic notions about the nature of biblical interpretation. I conclude with general observations from my research and suggest further implications for students and scholars interested in reception history.
Skogler: Photography at the Service of Falangism (Zaragoza, July 1936)
Authors: Navarro-Bonilla Diego , Robledano-Arillo Jesús 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article analyses the role of ‘Skogler’ (Ángel Cortés Gracia), a photographer who worked for the insurgent Falangist forces in the city of Zaragoza, the capital of Aragón, from the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. Skogler’s strong and early ties to the fascist movement, going back years before the war, suggest a special profile of an individual who supported the Falangist party by means of visual propaganda and printed photographs. Most of the photographs selected for study here have never been published before. They were shot in the early days of the military uprising against the Republic and help give us a more accurate understanding of armed fascism in the Aragonese capital, which ultimately fell to the rebels. This paper is part of an ongoing research project and exhibition to analyse and describe the contents and physical characteristics of the Skogler Archive, composed of more than 3,500 negatives recovered in diverse chronological phases.
Fascism and (Transnational) Social Movements: A Reflection on Concepts and Theory in Comparative Fascist Studies
Authors: Dulić Tomislav 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Scholars have recently begun advocating for the application of social movement theory in the analysis of the rise and development of fascist political entities. While representing a welcome effort to increase the theoretical depth in the analysis of fascism, the approach remains hampered by conceptual deficiencies. The author addresses some of these by the help of a critical discussion that problematises the often incoherent ways in which the concept of ‘movement’ is used when describing fascist political activity both within and across national borders. The analysis then turns to the application of social movement theory to the historical example of the Ustašas. While recent research on social movements has begun to explore the role and character of transnationalism, this case study analysis suggests that the lack of supra-national organisations during the period of ‘classic’ fascism prevented the emergence of a ‘transnational public space’ where fascist movements could have participated. The conclusion is that rather than acting and organising on a ‘transnational’ level, fascist entities appear to have limited themselves to state-based international ‘knowledge-transfer’ of a traditional type.
A Variational Method for Filling in Missing Data in Doppler Velocity Fields
Authors: WOOD VINCENT T. , DAVIES-JONES ROBERT P. , SHAPIRO ALAN 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSingle-Doppler radar data are often missing in important regions of a severe storm due to low return power, low signal-to-noise ratio, ground clutter associated with normal and anomalous propagation, and missing radials associated with partial or total beam blockage. Missing data impact the ability of WSR-88D algorithms to detect severe weather. To aid the algorithms, we develop a variational technique that fills in Doppler velocity data voids smoothly by minimizing Doppler velocity gradients while not modifying good data. This method provides estimates of the analysed variable in data voids without creating extrema.Actual single-Doppler radar data of four tornadoes are used to demonstrate the variational algorithm. In two cases, data are missing in the original data, and in the other two, data are voided artificially. The filled-in data match the voided data well in smoothly varying Doppler velocity fields. Near singularities such as tornadic vortex signatures, the match is poor as anticipated. The algorithm does not create any velocity peaks in the former data voids, thus preventing false triggering of tornado warnings. Doppler circulation is used herein as a far-field tornado detection and advance-warning parameter. In almost all cases, the measured circulation is quite insensitive to the data that have been voided and then filled. The tornado threat is still apparent.
Record-breaking summer rainfall in South Korea in 2020: Synoptic characteristics and the role of large-scale circulations
Authors: Park Chanil , Son Seok-Woo , Kim Hera , Ham Yoo-Geun , Kim Joowan , Cha Dong-Hyun , Chang Eun-Chul , Lee GyuWon , Kug Jong-Seong , Lee Woo-Seop , Lee Yun-Young , Lee Hee Choon , Lim Byunghwan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the summer of 2020, South Korea experienced record-breaking rainfall due to 15 consecutive heavy rainfall events (HREs) from mid-June to early September. Among them, 11 HREs occurred in late June to mid-August with distinct synoptic characteristics depending on the occurrence period. All HREs from 29 June to 27 July (P1) were triggered by extratropical cyclones, while those from 28 July to 15 August (P2) mainly occurred along monsoon rainband. We argue that their transition is associated with atmospheric teleconnections. During P1, the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) anomalously extended westward, but its northward expansion was hindered by the meridional wave train from the suppressed convection over the South China Sea. This condition prevented a northward migration of the monsoon rainband but allowed more extratropical cyclones to pass over the Korean Peninsula, resulting in four HREs. During P2, the South China Sea convection was enhanced, and its circulation response prompted an abrupt northward expansion of the WNPSH with a large pressure gradient along its northern boundary. With intensified southwesterly moisture transport, a monsoon rainband was activated over the Korean Peninsula, producing six HREs. The opposite phases of the summer North Atlantic Oscillation, i.e., negative in P1 but positive in P2, further contributed to the anomalous monsoon circulation by modulating the mid-latitude circulation response to the South China Sea convection. This study demonstrates that the nature of summertime HREs in East Asia can be strongly modulated by remote forcings.
Chickpea shows genotype-specific nodulation responses across soil nitrogen environment and root disease resistance categories
Authors: Plett Krista L. , Bithell Sean L. , Dando Adrian , Plett Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The ability of chickpea to obtain sufficient nitrogen via its symbiotic relationship with Mesorhizobium ciceri is of critical importance in supporting growth and grain production. A number of factors can affect this symbiotic relationship including abiotic conditions, plant genotype, and disruptions to host signalling/perception networks. In order to support improved nodule formation in chickpea, we investigated how plant genotype and soil nutrient availability affect chickpea nodule formation and nitrogen fixation. Further, using transcriptomic profiling, we sought to identify gene expression patterns that characterize highly nodulated genotypes.

Results
A study involving six chickpea varieties demonstrated large genotype by soil nitrogen interaction effects on nodulation and further identified agronomic traits of genotypes (such as shoot weight) associated with high nodulation. We broadened our scope to consider 29 varieties and breeding lines to examine the relationship between soilborne disease resistance and the number of nodules developed and real-time nitrogen fixation. Results of this larger study supported the earlier genotype specific findings, however, disease resistance did not explain differences in nodulation across genotypes. Transcriptional profiling of six chickpea genotypes indicates that genes associated with signalling, N transport and cellular localization, as opposed to genes associated with the classical nodulation pathway, are more likely to predict whether a given genotype will exhibit high levels of nodule formation.

Conclusions
This research identified a number of key abiotic and genetic factors affecting chickpea nodule development and nitrogen fixation. These findings indicate that an improved understanding of genotype-specific factors affecting chickpea nodule induction and function are key research areas necessary to improving the benefits of rhizobial symbiosis in chickpea.
Intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Animaw Zelalem , Melese Addisu , Demelash Habtamu , Seyoum Girma , Abebe Abiy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are public health problems widely distributed in the world and cause significant morbidity and mortality; many of which occur among women of reproductive age. IPIs caused by helminthes and protozoan parasites are common among pregnant women. Data on the national pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors during pregnancy is not documented well in Ethiopia. This review aims at summarizing evidences on the burden of IPIs and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia.MethodsPublished and unpublished studies were thoroughly searched at MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane library and Science Direct. In addition, repositories of Addis Ababa, Gondar and Jimma Universities were searched. Eligible studies were selected following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline. The pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites and summary odds ratios (ORs) were determined with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Sub-groups analyses were done based on study region, types of parasites, methods of stool examination and study setting. The statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 14.0 software.ResultsAmong 168 retrieved studies, 31 studies with a total population of 12,118 pregnant women were included. The estimated pooled prevalence of IPIs among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 27.32 % (95 % CI: 20.61, 33.87 %). In the subgroup analysis, Oromia and Amhara regions had the highest prevalence with a 29.78 % (95 % CI: 15.97, 43.60) and 29.63 % (95 % CI: 15.37, 43.89); respectively. In addition, studies conducted in the community showed higher prevalence than institution based studies (49.93 % Vs 24.84 %; respectively). The most prevalent type of intestinal parasite identified wereHookwormfollowed byAscaris lumbricoideswith a pooled prevalence of 11.2 and 10.34 %, respectively. In our analysis; residence, being bare footed, lack of hand washing habit and eating uncooked/raw vegetables were significantly associated with IPIs among pregnant women in Ethiopia.ConclusionsPrevalence of IPIs during pregnancy is relatively high in Ethiopia. Poor hygienic practices were identified as risk factors. Based on our finding, targeted preventive measures shall be considered so as to prevent morbidity and mortality due to IPIs.
Dual targeting of MEK and PI3K effectively controls the proliferation of human EGFR-TKI resistant non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines with different genetic backgrounds
Authors: Qu Ge-Ping , Shi Min , Wang Dan , Wu Jiong-He , Wang Peng , Gong Mei-Liang , Zhang Zhi-Jian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Molecular targeted therapy for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is restricted due to resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This study evaluated the effects of dual targeting of MEK and PI3K in human EGFR-TKI resistant NSCLC cell lines.

Methods
EGFR-TKI resistant NSCLC cell lines H1975, H460, and A549, with different mutation and amplification status in EGFR, K-RAS, PIK3CA, and MET genes, were treated with a MEK162 (MEK inhibitor) and BKM120 (PI3K inhibitor) combination or a BIBW2992 (EGFR inhibitor) and ARQ197 (MET inhibitor) combination and assayed for cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution.

Results
Dual targeting of MEK and PI3K efficiently inhibited the cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and the G0/G1 cell cycle, and decreased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT, S6, and 4E-BP1. H460 cells with K-RAS and PIK3CA mutation were most sensitive to MEK162 and BKM120 combinations. H1975 cells with EGFR and PIK3CA mutation and MET amplification were sensitive to BIBW2992 and ARQ197 combinations.

Conclusion
Dual targeting regulated the proliferation of EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cells, especially mutants in K-RAS and PIK3CA that are promising for EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC therapeutics.
Magnification of fear and intention of avoidance in non-experienced versus experienced dental treatment in adults
Authors: Lin Chia-Shu , Lee Chen-Yi , Chen Li-Ling , Wu Long-Ting , Yang Shue-Fen , Wang Tze-Fang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Dental fear is associated with the experience of prior dental treatment and avoidance of dental visits. It remains unclear if individuals show an intention of avoidance (IA) towards treatments that they have not received (i.e., non-experienced dental treatment). The study aims to investigated (a) if individuals showed an increased fear and IA to non-experienced, compared to experienced dental treatment, and (b) if fear and IA to non-experienced treatment is associated with dental anxiety.

Methods
Fear/IA of 12 common conditions of dental treatment of 402 adults were investigated. If subjects have experienced the condition, fear and IA were assessed based on subjects’ prior experience (i.e., ExpFear/ExpIA). If they have not experienced the condition, fear and IA were assessed based on their anticipation (i.e., NExpFear/NExpIA). Trait dental anxiety was assessed using the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+).

Results
(A) NExpFear and NExpIA were significantly higher than ExpFear and ExpIA, respectively. (B) The IDAF-4C+ scores are positively correlated with NExpFear/NExpIA and negatively correlated with the magnification of fear (i.e., the discrepancy in the fear/IA of non-experienced vs. experienced conditions). (C) The condition ‘extraction of a wisdom tooth’ and ‘root canal treatment’ showed the highest ratings on NExpFear.

Conclusions
Individuals may develop a high degree of fear and IA of the treatment they have not received. Trait dental anxiety plays a key role in the fear of non-experienced treatment.
Effect of epinephrine on the absorption of lidocaine following application to the oral mucosa in rats
Authors: Sasaki Rui , Sunada Katsuhisa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the role of epinephrine in prolonging the localization of lidocaine on the oral mucosa and inhibiting its absorption in the blood of rats.MethodsWe used 7–8-week-old pathogen-free Wistar male rats (n = 128) for our study. We divided them into the control group administered with14C-labeled lidocaine hydrochloride gel only and the study group administered with14C-labeled lidocaine hydrochloride gel with epinephrine. The medications were administered in the palatal mucosa of the rats. The amount of mucosa, palatine bone, and serum lidocaine was measured by radioactivity using a liquid scintillation counter and was observed using autoradiograms.ResultsInitially, there was no significant difference in the lidocaine levels between the lidocaine and lidocaine with epinephrine groups in the palatal mucosa (751.9 ± 133.8 vs. 669.8 ± 101.6 ng/mg [2 min]). After 4 min, the values were significantly lower in the lidocaine with epinephrine group (1040.0 ± 142.8 vs. 701.2 ± 109.0 ng/mg [20 min]). After 40 min, the lidocaine level became significantly higher in the lidocaine with epinephrine group (586.8 ± 112.4 vs. 1131.3 ± 155.2 ng/mg [40 min]). Similar results were observed in the palatine bone and serum.ConclusionEpinephrine prolonged the localization of lidocaine applied to the mucosa and inhibited its absorption into the bloodstream of rats. Clinical studies are required to evaluate the use of epinephrine-containing topical anesthetics on the oral mucosa.
Metagenomic and phytochemical analyses of kefir water and its subchronic toxicity study in BALB/c mice
Authors: Kumar Muganti Rajah , Yeap Swee Keong , Mohamad Nurul Elyani , Abdullah Janna Ong , Masarudin Mas Jaffri , Khalid Melati , Leow Adam Thean Chor , Alitheen Noorjahan Banu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, researchers are interested in the discovery of active compounds from traditional remedies and natural sources, as they reveal higher therapeutic efficacies and improved toxicological profiles. Among the various traditional treatments that have been widely studied and explored for their potential therapeutic benefits, kefir, a fermented beverage, demonstrates a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and healing activities. These health-promoting properties of kefir vary among the kefir cultures found at the different part of the world as different media and culture conditions are used for kefir maintenance and fermentation.MethodsThis study investigated the microbial composition and readily found bioactive compounds in water kefir fermented in Malaysia using 16S rRNA microbiome and UHPLC sequencing approaches. The toxicity effects of the kefir water administration in BALB/c mice were analysed based on the mice survival, body weight index, biochemistry profile, and histopathological changes. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using SOD, FRAP, and NO assays.ResultsThe 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed the most abundant species found in the water kefir wasLactobacillus hilgardiifollowed byLactobacillus harbinensis,Acetobacter lovaniensis,Lactobacillus satsumensis,Acetobacter tropicalis,Lactobacillus zeae, andOenococcus oeni. The UHPLC screening showed flavonoid and phenolic acid derivatives as the most important bioactive compounds present in kefir water which has been responsible for its antioxidant activities. Subchronic toxicity study showed no toxicological signs, behavioural changes, or adverse effects by administrating 10 mL/kg/day and 2.5 mL/kg/day kefir water to the mice. Antioxidants assays demonstrated enhanced SOD and FRAP activities and reduced NO level, especially in the brain and kidney samples.ConclusionsThis study will help to intensify the knowledge on the water kefir microbial composition, available phytochemicals and its toxicological and antioxidant effects on BALB/c mice since there are very limited studies on the water kefir grain fermented in Malaysia.
Effect of in-vitro heat stress challenge on the function of blood mononuclear cells from dairy cattle ranked as high, average and low immune responders
Authors: Cartwright Shannon L. , McKechnie Marnie , Schmied Julie , Livernois Alexandra M. , Mallard Bonnie A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The warming climate is causing livestock to experience heat stress at an increasing frequency. Holstein cows are particularly susceptible to heat stress because of their high metabolic rate. Heat stress negatively affects immune function, particularly with respect to the cell-mediated immune response, which leads to increased susceptibility to disease. Cattle identified as having enhanced immune response have lower incidence of disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of in vitro heat challenge on blood mononuclear cells from dairy cattle, that had previously been ranked for immune response, in terms of heat shock protein 70 concentration, nitric oxide production, and cell proliferation.

Results
Blood mononuclear cells from dairy cattle classified as high immune responders, based on their estimated breeding values for antibody and cell-mediated responses, produced a significantly greater concentration of heat shock protein 70 under most heat stress treatments compared to average and low responders, and greater cell-proliferation across all treatments. Similarly, a trend was observed where high responders displayed greater nitric oxide production compared to average and low responders across heat treatments.

Conclusion
Overall, these results suggest that blood mononuclear cells from high immune responder dairy cows are more thermotolerant compared to average and low immune responders.
Cementing technique for total knee arthroplasty in cadavers using a pastry bone cement
Authors: Bösebeck Hans , Holl Anna-Maria , Ochsner Peter , Groth Manuel , Stippich Kevin , Nowakowski Andrej M. , Egloff Christian , Hoechel Sebastian , Göpfert Beat , Vogt Sebastian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn cemented primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), aseptic loosening remains a major cause for failure. Cementing techniques and characteristics of a chosen cement play a key role for good fixation and implant survival. A pastry bone cement was developed to facilitate the cement preparation and to rule out most of preparation-associated application errors. The pastry bone cement was compared to a conventional polymethyl methacrylate cement in a TKA setting.MethodsStandardized implantations of total knee endoprostheses were performed in bilateral knee cadavers to investigate handling properties, variables of cement application, working time, and temperature development. Mechanical aspects and cementation quality were assessed by pull-out trials and microscopic interface analysis.ResultsBoth cements expressed similar characteristics during preparation and application, only the curing time of the pastry cement was about 3 min longer and the temperature peak was lower. Fractures of the conventional cement specimens differed from the pastry cement specimens in the tibial part, while no differences were found in the femoral part. Penetration depth of the pastry cement was similar (tibia) or deeper (femur) compared to the conventional cement.ConclusionsThe pastry cement facilitates the feasibility of cemented TKA. The pre-clinical tests indicate that the pastry bone cement fulfills the requirements for bone cement in the field of knee arthroplasty. A clinical trial is needed to further investigate the approach and ensure patient safety.