bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Use in Lateral Skull Base Surgery: A Survey of the North American Skull Base Society
Authors: Li Kevin L. , Fang Christina H. , Hawn Vivian S. , Agarwal Vijay , Kshettry Varun R. , Bellile Emily , Akbar Nadeem A. , McKean Erin L. , Abuzeid Waleed M. , Moskowitz Howard S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives Antibiotic use in lateral skull base surgery (LSBS) has not been thoroughly investigated in the literature. There is wide variability in antibiotic use and insufficient data to guide management. This study aims to describe the factors and patterns influencing antibiotic use in LSBS among the membership of the North American Skull Base Society (NASBS).
Design An online-based survey was designed and distributed to the membership of the NASBS. Data was analyzed using bivariate analysis and logistic regression modeling.
Setting Online-based questionnaire.
Participants NASBS membership.
Main Outcome Measures Use of intraoperative antibiotics and use of postoperative antibiotics.
Results The survey response rate was 26% (208 respondents). Of the 208 total respondents, 143 (69%) respondents performed LSBS. Most respondents are neurosurgeons (69%) with the remaining being otolaryngologists (31%). The majority of respondents (79%) are fellowship-trained in skull base surgery. Academic or government physicians make up 69% of respondents and 31% are in private practice with or without academic affiliations. Bivariate analysis showed that practice setting significantly influenced intraoperative antibiotic use (p = 0.01). Geographic location significantly affected postoperative antibiotic use (p = 0.01). Postoperative antibiotic duration was significantly affected by presence of chronic otitis media, cerebrospinal fluid leak, and surgeon training (p = 0.02, p = 0.01, and p = 0.006, respectively). Logistic regression modeling showed that the motivation to reduce infection significantly impacted postoperative antibiotic use (p = 0.03).
Conclusion This study demonstrates significant variations in intraoperative and postoperative antibiotic use in LSBS among the NASBS membership. Appropriate guidelines for optimal perioperative antibiotic use patterns should be determined with randomized studies in the future.
Ferromagnetic ordering in a THAB exfoliated WS2 nanosheet
Authors: Debnath Anup , Shaw Bikash Kumar , Bhattacharya Shatabda , Saha Shyamal K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Because of the important role of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic semiconductors in low-dimensional spintronic devices, the generation of ferromagnetism within an ultrathin semiconducting sheet of a transition metal dichalcogenide is highly desirable. A pristine WS2 sheet is a diamagnetic semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide with superior electronic properties. In this study, we synthesised a free-standing WS2 sheet by a chemical route followed by electrochemical exfoliation by a giant molecule. During exfoliation of the WS2 crystal, atomic vacancies were created in the sheet with a lower number of layers. To understand the mechanism of exfoliation, we carried out x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Raman measurements. The types of atomic vacancies were realised by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (fast Fourier transform), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. We also observed a ferromagnetic ordering within the exfoliated WS2 sheet, which is explained on the basis of the generation of an atomic vacancy induced spin-moment. The transport study of the exfoliated WS2 sheet suggests that the electro-transport behaviour still remains as a semiconductor even after exfoliation. This ferromagnetic semiconducting system will be applicable in spintronic devices and this technique will enrich the literature, particularly for the preparation of a 2D semiconducting ferromagnet in a facile fashion.
Strain glass versus antisite disorder induced ferromagnetic state in Fe doped Ni–Mn–In Heusler martensites
Authors: Nevgi R , Priolkar K R , Acet M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fe doping in Ni2Mn1.5In0.5 results in suppression of the martensitic phase via two contrasting routes. In Ni2Mn1.5 − x
Fe
x
In0.5, the martensitic phase is converted to a strain glassy phase, while in Ni2 − y
Fe
y
Mn1.5In0.5, a cubic ferromagnetic phase results at the expense of the martensite. Careful studies of magnetic and structural properties reveal the presence of the impurity γ-(Fe,Ni) phase as the reason for the emergence of non-ergodic strain glassy phase when Fe is sought to be doped at Y/Z (Mn) sites of X2YZ Heusler alloy. Whereas attempts to dope Fe in the X (Ni) sublattice result in an A2 type antisite disorder that promotes a ferromagnetic ground state.
Skyrmions near defects
Authors: Derras-Chouk Amel , Chudnovsky Eugene M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We study the impact of an exchange-reducing defect on a skyrmion in a thin film of finite thickness. Attraction of the skyrmion to a defect is demonstrated in a lattice model by computing the micromagnetic energy accounting for the exchange, Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, magnetic anisotropy, and dipole–dipole coupling. The spiraling dynamics of the skyrmion toward the defect is illustrated by solving numerically the full Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equations on a lattice and, independently, by solving the Thiele equation, with the two methods in agreement with each other. Depinning of the skyrmion by the current is investigated. We find that the skyrmion deforms when it is close to the defect. Deformation is small in the parameter space far from the phase boundary that determines stability of skyrmions. It increases dramatically near the phase boundary, leading to the transformation of the skyrmion by the defect into a snake-like magnetic domain.
Assessing the efficacy of tomographic reconstruction methods through physical quantification techniques
Authors: Coban Sophia B , Lionheart William R B , Withers Philip J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Conventionally the performance of computed tomography (CT) reconstruction algorithms is assessed by a voxel-to-voxel comparison between the object and the reconstructed volume, often using digital phantoms. However the real aim in the CT imaging community is not to develop a reconstruction algorithm to obtain the best-looking images, but one that allows us to extract the relevant information to a desired accuracy. Here, through various case studies, we quantify features of interest for the test object and use these as measures of the efficacy of the reconstructions. Where applicable, we compare the assessment technique against commonly used metrics to measure the quality of a reconstructed solution, and find that in most cases the popular metrics have no relation to the accuracy of the features we extract from a reconstruction. The assessment technique we demonstrate, which we refer to as physical quantification, is used to determine the shape, contacts and size of beads for a test dataset made available via the SophiaBeads Dataset Project. Using this image analysis approach a number of widely used reconstruction methods are evaluated. Our work shows that it is important to choose the optimal reconstruction strategy based on the features you want to quantify from the scan. For example, in our case we found that the shape of the beads could be measured using TV regularization with eight times fewer projections than the other methods, or that reconstructions obtained via many but noisy projections yield as accurate results as those obtained via less noisy but fewer projections.
Investigations into the sensing mechanism of acoustic emission sensors for particle size measurement in a particular case: normal incidence
Authors: Zhang Guoqiang , Yan Yong , Hu Yonghui , Zheng Ge 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

In situ continuous particle size measurement is desirable in a variety of industries. Acoustic emission (AE) is a particularly suitable technique to achieve on-line continuous sizing of particles in pneumatic conveying pipelines, which utilizes the AE signals due to the impact of particles with a waveguide protruding into the particle flow. Although early attempts have been made to reveal the relationship between the AE parameters and the particle size, the fundamental sensing mechanism of the AE-based technique for particle size measurement is still not established. For instance, the effect of particle size distribution on several AE parameters remains to be examined. This article aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the AE sensing mechanism for on-line particle sizing by quantifying the parameters of the AE signal, including peak amplitude, count, rise time, duration, energy and root-mean-square value. A theoretical model considering the energy dissipation during plastic impact is also developed to determine the particle size from the AE signal. The proposed method is verified through experimental tests with glass beads on a single-particle test rig. The experimental results obtained indicate that the proposed method is feasible to infer particle size information from the energy of an impact event. The particle size can be measured with a relative error mostly within

±
10
%

over a range from 0.4 mm to 1.2 mm.
S/Mo ratio and petal size controlled MoS2 nanoflowers with low temperature metal organic chemical vapor deposition and their application in solar cells
Authors: Park Jaeseo , Park Hyeji , Park Suho , Thi Thuy Nguyen , Mun Jihun , Kim Junoh , Lee Sang Jun , Ku Zahyun , Kang Sang-Woo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Vertically aligned two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide nanoflowers (MoS2 NFs) have drawn considerable attention as a novel functional material with potential for next-generation applications owing to their inherently distinctive structure and extraordinary properties. We report a simple metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method that can grow high crystal quality, large-scale and highly homogeneous MoS2 NFs through precisely controlling the partial pressure ratio of H2S reaction gas, P
SR, to Mo(CO)6 precursor, P
MoP, at a substrate temperature of 250 °C. We investigate microscopically and spectroscopically that the S/Mo ratio, optical properties and orientation of the grown MoS2 NFs can be controlled by adjusting the partial pressure ratio, P
SR/P
MoP. It is also shown that the low temperature MOCVD (LT-MOCVD) growth method can regulate the petal size of MoS2 NFs through the growth time, thereby controlling photoluminescence intensity. More importantly, the MoS2 NFs/GaAs heterojunction flexible solar cell exhibiting a power conversion efficiency of ∼1.3% under air mass 1.5 G illumination demonstrates the utility of the LT-MOCVD method that enables the direct growth of MoS2 NFs on the flexible devices. Our work can pave the way for practical, easy-to-fabricate 2D materials integrated flexible devices in optical and photonic applications.
Effect of doping on the GR/MoS2/GR selector: first-principle calculations
Authors: Dai Yuehua , Li Xing , Yang Bin , Shao Peng , Wang Xiaoqing , Yang Fei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, a graphene (GR)/MoS2/GR selector was proposed based on first principle calculations. First, MoS2 was chosen as the resistive switching layer due to its high carrier mobility and was doped with nine kinds of dopants. Semiconductor characteristics were still maintained with P, Si, and Ti doping, while the others showed semimetallic properties. Then, heterostructures were built between metal GR and MoS·X (X = S, P, Si, Ti), and the conductivities of MoS·Si and MoS·Ti were obviously improved with the GR electrode through analysis of the impurity orbital contribution to the band energy. The plane average electrostatic potential and the charge density difference show that the Schottky barrier height and width of the GR/MoS·Si interface were the smallest and that the intensity of the built-in electric field was better than that of GR/MoS2 and GR/MoS·Ti. Finally, GR/MoS·X(X = S, Si, Ti)/GR selectors were proposed, and the electronic transmission shows that the ON-state current (I
on) and nonlinear coefficient of the GR/MoS·Si/GR selector were increased by two and three orders of magnitude, respectively, and the threshold voltage (V
th) was reduced by approximately 1 V, which can better suppress the leakage current in a one-selector one-RRAM cross array. This work may be instructive and valuable for the design and optimization of GR/MoS2/GR selectors.
Optimizing interferences of DUV lithography on SOI substrates for the rapid fabrication of sub-wavelength features
Authors: Karker Olfa , Bange Romain , Bano Edwige , Stambouli Valérie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Scalable fabrication of Si nanowires with a critical dimension of about 100 nm is essential to a variety of applications. Current techniques used to reach these dimensions often involve e-beam lithography or deep-UV (DUV) lithography combined with resolution enhancement techniques. In this study, we report the fabrication of <150 nm Si nanowires from SOI substrates using DUV lithography (λ = 248 nm) by adjusting the exposure dose. Irregular resist profiles generated by in-plane interference under masking patterns of width 800 nm were optimized to split the resulting features into twin Si nanowires. However, masking patterns of micrometre size or more on the same photomask does not generate split features. The resulting resist profiles are verified by optical lithography computer simulation based on Huygens−Fresnel diffraction theory. Photolithography simulation results validate that the key factors in the fabrication of subwavelength nanostructures are the air gap value and the photoresist thickness. This enables the parallel top-down fabrication of Si nanowires and nanoribbons in a single DUV lithography step as a rapid and inexpensive alternative to conventional e-beam techniques.
Generalized approach for radiotherapy treatment planning by optimizing projected health outcome: preliminary results for prostate radiotherapy patients
Authors: Wilson Lydia J , Newhauser Wayne D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Research in cancer care increasingly focuses on survivorship issues, e.g. managing disease- and treatment-related morbidity and mortality occurring during and after treatment. This necessitates innovative approaches that consider treatment side effects in addition to tumor cure. Current treatment-planning methods rely on constrained iterative optimization of dose distributions as a surrogate for health outcomes. The goal of this study was to develop a generally applicable method to directly optimize projected health outcomes. We developed an outcome-based objective function to guide selection of the number, angle, and relative fluence weight of photon and proton radiotherapy beams in a sample of ten prostate-cancer patients by optimizing the projected health outcome. We tested whether outcome-optimized radiotherapy (OORT) improved the projected longitudinal outcome compared to dose-optimized radiotherapy (DORT) first for a statistically significant majority of patients, then for each individual patient. We assessed whether the results were influenced by the selection of treatment modality, late-risk model, or host factors. The results of this study revealed that OORT was superior to DORT. Namely, OORT maintained or improved the projected health outcome of photon- and proton-therapy treatment plans for all ten patients compared to DORT. Furthermore, the results were qualitatively similar across three treatment modalities, six late-risk models, and 10 patients. The major finding of this work was that it is feasible to directly optimize the longitudinal (i.e. long- and short-term) health outcomes associated with the total (i.e. therapeutic and stray) absorbed dose in all of the tissues (i.e. healthy and diseased) in individual patients. This approach enables consideration of arbitrary treatment factors, host factors, health endpoints, and times of relevance to cancer survivorship. It also provides a simpler, more direct approach to realizing the full beneficial potential of cancer radiotherapy.
Analysis and variable step control of a bidirectional complementary-type inchworm actuator
Authors: Sun Tiantian , Wang Yue , Yan Peng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To meet the demands of high speed and large loading capacity in various nanopositioning applications, a voltage sequence based step analysis and the corresponding variable step control strategy are explored for a bidirectional complementary-type inchworm actuator. Specifically, the bidirectional variable step motion can be achieved without significant drop of the loading capacity by controlling the two-channel input voltage sequences, where the variable speed motions can help to achieve more rapid nano-positioning tasks. In particular, we introduce the voltage sequences in the modelling of the step length and the total clamping force for the purpose of achieving controllable bidirectional motion with large loading capacity. Real time control experiments are comprehensively conducted, which demonstrates a bidirectional variable step motion range of ±22 µm is achieved by controlling two-channel input signals. In addition, the actuator with the proposed method has an adjustable total clamping force capable of improving the motion stability and loading capacity in variable step motion, which are favourable to various engineering applications in high speed nanopositioning areas.
Dense rotational twins in superconducting (111)-orientated δ-NbN epitaxial films on 4H-SiC substrates
Authors: Chang Hsiao-Wen , Ranganayakulu Vankayala Krishna , Guan Syu-You , Chen Peng-Jen , Ou Min-Nan , Chen Yang-Yuan , Chuang Tien-Ming , Chang Chia-Seng , Wu Maw-Kuen , Wang Ming-Jye 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to confirm the superconductivity observed in hexagonal ϵ-NbN reported recently, we have deposited NbN film on (0001) 4H-SiC substrate, with good lattice match, intentionally to grow hexagonal NbN phase. The detailed structural analysis show that the deposited films are (111)-orientated δ-NbN phase with dense rotational (60°) twins. Double diffraction effect in selected area electron diffraction and Moiré fringes in high resolution transmission electron microscope images confirm the existence of rotational twins in nanometer scale. The growth of highly twined film results from no energy preference for the two rotational twins of (111)-orientated δ-NbN to bond with the Si-faced (0001) 4H-SiC substrate. These highly twined δ-NbN epitaxial films exhibit high normal state resistivity, lower T
C, but good spatial uniformity of superconducting energy gap. No ϵ-NbN phase was observed in this study which is might due to a low growth temperature of thin film.
Opto-electrical properties of Ni and Mg co-doped CdS thin films prepared by spin coating technique
Authors: Garmim T , Bouabdalli E , Soussi L , El Jouad Z , Mghaiouini R , Louardi A , Hartiti B , El Jouad M , Monkade M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the presented study, (Ni, Mg) co-doped CdS thin films are synthetized using the spin coating method. The Mg incorporation effect on the structural, opto-electrical quality of Cd0.98Ni0.02S with different Mg concentrations (0 wt%, 1wt.%, 3wt, and 5wt.%) are investigated. A polycrystalline nature with a cubic structure oriented to (1 1 1) plane was confirmed by the DRX technique, and the incorporation of Mg in Cd0.98Ni0.02S causes an increase of the grain size. The SEM study exhibits a surface of deposited films is dense and the EDS spectra confirmed the existence of the doped elements. The optical properties show that the doping with 3 at.% of Mg presents the maximum each a value of 90% in visible range, with an increasing in the gap energy from 2.42 eV to 2.49 eV corresponding to increasing of Mg concentration. And also optical parameters were investigated such as α, k, n, ε
r, ε
i, tan δ, σ. The electrical resistivity and conductivity measurements are carried using the four points probe, we find that the electrical resistivity decreases from the 7.30 × 103 (Ohm. cm) to 4.28 × 103 (Ohm. cm) while Mg concentration increases from 0 at% to 5 at%.
Resonance Y-type soliton solutions and some new types of hybrid solutions in the (2+1)-dimensional Sawada–Kotera equation
Authors: Li Jiaheng , Chen Qingqing , Li Biao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, based on N-soliton solutions, we introduce a new constraint among parameters to find the resonance Y-type soliton solutions in (2+1)-dimensional integrable systems. Then, we take the (2+1)-dimensional Sawada–Kotera equation as an example to illustrate how to generate these resonance Y-type soliton solutions with this new constraint. Next, by the long wave limit method, velocity resonance and module resonance, we can obtain some new types of hybrid solutions of resonance Y-type solitons with line waves, breather waves, high-order lump waves respectively. Finally, we also study the dynamics of these interaction solutions and indicate mathematically that these interactions are elastic.
Renormalizability of leading order covariant chiral nucleon-nucleon interaction *
Authors: Wang Chun-Xuan , Geng Li-Sheng , Long Bingwei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, we study the renormalization group invariance of the recently proposed covariant power counting in the case of nucleon-nucleon scattering [Chin. Phys. C 42 (2018) 014103] at leading order. We show that unlike the Weinberg scheme, renormalizaion group invariance is satisfied in the

channel. Another interesting feature is that the

and

channels are correlated. Fixing the relevant low energy constants by fitting to the

phase shifts at

and 25 MeV with cutoff values

MeV, one can describe the

phase shifts relatively well. In the limit of

, the

phase shifts become cutoff-independent, whereas the

phase shifts do not. This is consistent with the Wigner bound and previous observations that the

channel is best treated perturbatively. As for the

and

-

channels, renormalization group invariance is satisfied.
Collisional Penrose process of 4D rotational Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black holes *
Authors: Liu Yunlong , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The collisional Penrose process of massive spinning particles in a rotational Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) black hole background is studied. By numerically solving the equations of motion for spinning particles, we find that the energy extraction efficiency increases monotonically with the decrease of the EGB coupling parameter

. Moreover, the efficiency

increases as the particle spin s grows. We also find that the energy extraction efficiency increases with the decrease of the EGB coupling parameter

. When the EGB coupling constant

, our results reduce to the Kerr case, which has been investigated previously.