bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baseline Response, Monitoring, and Cross-Resistance of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Sodium Channel Blocker Insecticides in Brazil
Authors: Kaiser Ingrid S , Kanno Rubens H , Bolzan Anderson , Amaral Fernando S A , Lira Ewerton C , Guidolin Aline S , Omoto Celso 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is one of the key cross-crop pests in Brazilian agroecosystems. Field-evolved resistance of S. frugiperda to some conventional insecticides and Bt proteins has already been reported. Thus, the use of insecticides with new mode of action such as sodium channel blockers (indoxacarb and metaflumizone) could be an important tool in insecticide resistance management (IRM) programs. To implement a proactive IRM, we conducted baseline response and monitoring to indoxacarb and metaflumizone in 87 field populations of S. frugiperda collected from major maize-growing regions of Brazil from 2017 to 2020, estimated the frequency of resistance alleles to indoxacarb, and evaluated cross-resistance of indoxacarb and metaflumizone to some selected insecticides and Bt proteins. Low variation in susceptibility to indoxacarb (4.6-fold) and metaflumizone (2.6-fold) was detected in populations of S. frugiperda in 2017. The frequency of the resistance allele to indoxacarb was 0.0452 (0.0382–0.0527 CI 95%), by using F2 screen method. The mean survival at diagnostic concentration, based on CL99, varied from 0.2 to 12.2% for indoxacarb and from 0.0 to 12.7% for metaflumizone, confirming high susceptibility of S. frugiperda to these insecticides in Brazil. No cross-resistance was detected between sodium channel blocker insecticides and other insecticides (organophosphate, pyrethroid, benzoylurea, spinosyn, and diamide) and Bt proteins. These findings showed that sodium channel blocker insecticides are important candidates to be exploited in IRM strategies of S. frugiperda in Brazil.
State Cost-Share Programs for Forest Landowners in the Southern United States: A Review
Authors: Chizmar Stephanie J , Parajuli Rajan , Bardon Robert , Cubbage Frederick 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe largest concentration of state-level forest cost-share programs in the United States can be found in the southern states. Since the inception of the first programs in the 1970s, the state-level forest cost-share programs in the US South have acted as models for the rest of the country. Cost-share programs compensate landowners through direct reimbursements to address barriers such as limited owner capital and cash flow in the initial years of investment. Through a review of the literature and progress reports from southern state forestry agencies, we qualitatively assessed state-level cost-share programs and their status in the southern states. We identified the common themes in the literature related to cost-share programs: market, nonmarket, and landowners’ perceptions and knowledge. Many of the programs enacted between the 1970s and 1980s aimed to ensure a sustainable timber supply, a market good, from private forestlands. A few of the programs enacted more recently compensate landowners for nonmarket benefits such as forest health or soil and water conservation. Two of the nine available programs are practically inactive in recent years because of a lack of funding. We discuss current prospects regarding funding, partnerships, and broadening the focus of incentives to cover forest-based ecosystem services.Study ImplicationsRegionally, cost-share programs in the US South differ in eligibility criteria, funding source and status, and resource management objectives. The majority of state-level cost-share programs in the US South were enacted 30 to 50 years ago. The first cost-share programs were designed to support a continued timber supply from private forestlands, but a few recent programs have expanded their objectives to protect forest health and soil and water quality. Forest-based ecosystem service markets, specifically reforestation to capture atmospheric carbon dioxide and provide clean air and water, have become more prevalent in recent years. Funding for forest commodity incentive programs is a continual challenge. New funding sources and new programs are crucial to meet demands for incentives for landowners to provide both timber and ecosystem services outputs.
Dapagliflozin elevates plasma high-density lipoprotein levels and influences visceral fat gene expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kralova Eva , Marusakova Margareta , Hadova Katarina , Krenek Peter , Klimas Jan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Dapagliflozin (Dapa) could potentially be used to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus. We tested the hypothesis that it would influence blood lipid levels and visceral fat accumulation in a rodent diabetic model.

Methods
We used three groups of male Wistar rats: Controls, streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats and STZ-treated orally with Dapa (STZ+Dapa), 10 mg/kg/day for six weeks. Blood glucose and serum lipids levels were determined. Plasma levels of lipases (hormone-sensitive lipase, HSL and lipoprotein lipase, LPL), adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) and proinflammatory cytokines [tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] were determined by ELISA assays. mRNA levels in the perirenal fat were determined by real-time PCR.

Key findings
Dapa suppressed STZ-related hyperglycemia by 20% (P &lt; 0.05) and increased serum HDL when compared to the controls and the STZ-only treated rats (both P &lt; 0.05). STZ treatment caused elevations of other serum lipids that were resistant to Dapa treatment. Dapa treatment also increased both plasma and visceral fat mRNA levels of leptin, LPL and IL-6, while decreasing plasma and fat expressions of HSL and TNFα compared to the STZ-only treated rats (all P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that Dapa, in addition to its antidiabetic effect, also influences the function of adipose tissue which could be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes.
Subacromial pigmented villonodular synovitis: case report and review
Authors: Pereira Vitor Luis , Baldan Arthur Rodrigues , Andreoli Carlos Vicente , Belangero Paulo Santoro , de Castro Pochini Alberto , Ejnisman Benno 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a non-neoplastic proliferative process that involves synovial tissue in the joints, tendon sheaths and bursae. It usually occurs in young adults, aged 20–50 years, is characteristically monoarticular and of slow progression. Clinical symptoms are nonspecific, and joint stiffness and pain are common in long-term cases. Shoulder PVNS is known to be extremely rare, especially when affecting the subacromial bursal region without joint involvement.Magnetic resonance is the imaging modality of choice in PVNS and is useful for diagnosis, surgical planning and monitoring. Complete surgical synovectomy remains the treatment of choice, and all pathological synovial tissue should be removed. Patients who are not properly treated can progress to joint destruction.We describe a case of PVNS in the subacromial bursa of a 15-year-old patient, with exuberant symptoms and 2 years of evolution, treated with extensive synovectomy and good clinical results in the 1-year follow-up.
The production of auxin by dying cells
Authors: Sheldrake A Rupert 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this review, I discuss the possibility that dying cells produce much of the auxin in vascular plants. The natural auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), is derived from tryptophan by a two-step pathway via indole pyruvic acid. The first enzymes in the pathway, tryptophan aminotransferases, have a low affinity for tryptophan and break it down only when tryptophan levels rise far above normal intracellular concentrations. Such increases occur when tryptophan is released from proteins by hydrolytic enzymes as cells autolyse and die. Many sites of auxin production are in and around dying cells: in differentiating tracheary elements; in root cap cells; in nutritive tissues that break down in developing flowers and seeds; in senescent leaves; and in wounds. Living cells also produce auxin, such as those transformed genetically by the crown gall pathogen. IAA may first have served as an exogenous indicator of the presence of nutrient-rich decomposing organic matter, stimulating the production of rhizoids in bryophytes. As cell death was internalized in bryophytes and in vascular plants, IAA may have taken on a new role as an endogenous hormone.
A photospheric and chromospheric activity analysis of the quiescent retrograde-planet host ν Octantis A
Authors: Ramm D J , Robertson P , Reffert S , Gunn F , Trifonov T , Pollard K , Cantalloube F 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The single-lined spectroscopic binary ν Octantis provided evidence of the first conjectured circumstellar planet demanding an orbit retrograde to the stellar orbits. The planet-like behaviour is now based on 1437 radial velocities (RVs) acquired from 2001 to 2013. ν Oct’s semimajor axis is only 2.6 au with the candidate planet orbiting $\nu ~{\rm Oct\, A}$ about mid-way between. These details seriously challenge our understanding of planet formation and our decisive modelling of orbit reconfiguration and stability scenarios. However, all non-planetary explanations are also inconsistent with numerous qualitative and quantitative tests including previous spectroscopic studies of bisectors and line-depth ratios, photometry from Hipparcos and the more recent space missions TESS and Gaia (whose increased parallax classifies $\nu ~{\rm Oct\, A}$ closer still to a subgiant, ∼K1 IV). We conducted the first large survey of $\nu ~{\rm Oct\, A}$’s chromosphere: 198 $\rm Ca\,{\small II}$ H-line and 1160 $\rm {H}\, \alpha$ indices using spectra from a previous RV campaign (2009–2013). We also acquired 135 spectra (2018–2020) primarily used for additional line-depth ratios, which are extremely sensitive to the photosphere’s temperature. We found no significant RV-correlated variability. Our line-depth ratios indicate temperature variations of only ±4 K, as achieved previously. Our atypical $\rm Ca\,{\small II}$ analysis models the indices in terms of S/N and includes covariance significantly in their errors. The $\rm {H}\, \alpha$ indices have a quasi-periodic variability that we demonstrate is due to telluric lines. Our new evidence provides further multiple arguments realistically only in favour of the planet.
Venous Thromboembolism Anticoagulation Prophylaxis Timing in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy for Tumor
Authors: Algattas Hanna , Talentino Spencer E , Eichar Bradley , Williams Abraham A , Murphy Joseph M , Zhang Xiaoran , Garcia Ricardo Martinez , Newhouse David , Jaman Emade , Safonova Aleksandra , Fields Daryl , Chow Ian , Engh Jonathan , Amankulor Nduka M 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Prophylactic anticoagulation helps prevent postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) and time to initiation postcraniotomy has relied on clinical judgment and practice patterns.

OBJECTIVE
To compare risks of postoperative VTE and hemorrhage among patients undergoing tumor resection with initiation of prophylactic anticoagulation on postoperative day 1 (POD1) vs POD2.

METHODS
Adult patients undergoing craniotomy for tumor between 2008 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Outcomes were recorded from the Electronic medical record (EMR) including deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and hemorrhage.

RESULTS
Of a total of 1168 patients undergoing craniotomy, 225 initiated anticoagulation on POD1 and 389 initiated on POD2. Of the 171 glioblastoma (GBM) cases, 64 initiated on POD1 and 107 on POD2. There were 9 DVTs (1.5%), 1 PE (0.20%), overall VTE rate of 1.6%, and 7 hemorrhagic complications (1.10%), 4 being clinically significant. The GBM cohort contained 4 DVTs (2.3%) and 3 hemorrhagic complications (1.80%). There was no increased risk of VTE or hemorrhage with anticoagulation initiated on POD2 compared to POD1 in either cohort. Multivariate analysis in both cohorts did not reveal a significant association between DVT, PE, or hemorrhagic complications with age, body mass index, GBM pathology, or extent of resection. Interestingly, glioma patients older than 70 with subtotal resection had a higher likelihood of suffering intracranial hemorrhage when anticoagulation was started on POD1 (odds ratio 12.98).

CONCLUSION
Risk of VTE or hemorrhagic complication did not significantly differ with prophylactic anticoagulation started on POD1 vs POD2. Early anticoagulation may certainly be considered in high risk cases; however, 1 group where risk may outweigh benefit is the elderly glioma population receiving a subtotal resection.
Robotic-Assisted Endoscopic Laminotomy: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Li Yingda , Wang Michael Y 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Endoscopy and robotics represent two emerging technologies within the field of spine surgery, the former an ultra-MIS approach minimizing the perioperative footprint and the latter leveraging accuracy and precision. Herein, we present the novel incorporation of robotic assistance into endoscopic laminotomy, applied to a 27-yr-old female with a large caudally migrated L4-5 disc herniation. Patient consent was obtained. Robotic guidance was deployed in (1) planning of a focussed laminotomy map, pivoting on a single skin entry point; (2) percutaneous targeting of the interlaminar window; and (3) execution of precision drilling, controlled for depth. Through this case, we illustrated the potential synergy between these 2 technologies in achieving precise bony removal tailored to the patient's unique pathoanatomy while simultaneously introducing safety mechanisms against human error and improving surgical ergonomics.
1,2
The physicians consented to the publication of their images.
Spectrometer Using superconductor MIxer Receiver (SUMIRE) for laboratory submillimeter spectroscopy
Authors: Watanabe Yoshimasa , Chiba Yutaro , Sakai Takeshi , Tamanai Akemi , Suzuki Rikako , Sakai Nami 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recent spectroscopic observations by sensitive radio telescopes require accurate molecular spectral line frequencies to identify molecular species in a forest of lines detected. To measure rest frequencies of molecular spectral lines in the laboratory, an emission-type millimeter and submillimeter-wave spectrometer utilizing state-of-the-art radio-astronomical technologies is developed. The spectrometer is equipped with a 200 cm glass cylinder cell, a two-sideband (2SB) superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) receiver in the 230 GHz band, and wide-band auto-correlation digital spectrometers. By using the four 2.5 GHz digital spectrometers, a total instantaneous bandwidth of the 2SB SIS receiver of 8 GHz can be covered with a frequency resolution of 88.5 kHz. Spectroscopic measurements of CH3CN and HDO are carried out in the 230 GHz band so as to examine the frequency accuracy, stability, sensitivity, as well as the intensity calibration accuracy of our system. As for the result of CH3CN, we confirm that the frequency accuracy for lines detected with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio is better than 1 kHz, when the high-resolution spectrometer having a channel resolution of 17.7 kHz is used. In addition, we demonstrate the capability of this system by spectral scan measurement of CH3OH from 216 GHz to 264 GHz. We assign 242 transitions of CH3OH, 51 transitions of 13CH3OH, and 21 unidentified emission lines for 295 detected lines. Consequently, our spectrometer demonstrates sufficient sensitivity, spectral resolution, and frequency accuracy for in-situ experimental-based rest frequency measurements of spectral lines for various molecular species.
S-nitrosoglutathione Reductase-Mediated Nitric Oxide Affects Axillary Buds Outgrowth of Solanum lycopersicum L. by Regulating Auxin and Cytokinin Signaling
Authors: Yan Yanyan , Shi Qinghua , Gong Biao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Auxin and cytokinin are two kinds of important phytohormones that mediate outgrowth of axillary buds in plants. How nitric oxide and its regulator of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) take part in auxin and cytokinin signaling for controlling axillary buds outgrowth remains elusive. We investigated the roles of GSNOR during tomato axillary bud outgrowth by using physiological, biochemical and genetic approaches. GSNOR negatively regulated NO homeostasis. Suppression of GSNOR promoted axillary bud outgrowth by inhibiting the expression of FZY in both apical and axillary buds. Meanwhile, AUX1 and PIN1 were down-regulated in apical buds but up-regulated in axillary buds in GSNOR-suppressed plants. Thus, reduced IAA accumulation was shown in both apical buds and axillary buds of GSNOR-suppressed plants. GSNOR-mediated changes of NO and auxin affected cytokinin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling. And a decreased ratio of auxin: cytokinin was shown in axillary buds of GSNOR-suppressed plants, leading to bud dormancy breaking. We also found that the original NO signaling was generated by nitrate reductase (NR) catalyzing nitrate as substrate. NR-mediated NO reduced the GSNOR activity through S-nitrosylation of Cys-10, then induced a further NO burst, which played the above roles to promote axillary buds outgrowth. Together, GSNOR-mediated NO played important roles in controlling axillary buds outgrowth by altering the homeostasis and signaling of auxin and cytokinin in tomato plants.
Shaming and Stigmatizing Healthcare Workers in Japan During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jecker Nancy S , Takahashi Shizuko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Stigmatization and sharming of healthcare workers in Japan during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reveal uniquely Japanese features. Seken, usually translated as ‘social appearance or appearance in the eyes of others,’ is a deep undercurrent woven into the fabric of Japanese life. It has led to providers who become ill with the SARS-CoV-2 virus feeling ashamed, while concealing their conditions from coworkers and public health officials. It also has led to healthcare providers being perceived as polluted and their children being told they were not welcome in schools. Although such experiences are not isolated to Japan and have appeared in other parts of the world, the cultural forces driving them in Japan are unique. Overcoming stigmatization and shaming of Japanese healthcare providers will require concerted efforts to understand cultural barriers and to view such practices as raising human rights issues affecting the safety and well-being of all.
On Trying to Leave Truth Alone
Authors: Zapero David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAccording to a certain conception of language, any sentence can, when used on an occasion, have any of indefinitely many truth-conditions. Such a conception of language gives us reason to think that the question of whether the notion of truth has a distinctive content cannot be settled by looking solely at the predication of truth. By focusing on the predicate ‘true’ when trying to determine the significance of the notion of truth, we may have been looking in the wrong place.
Can Cross-Border Funding Frictions Explain Financial Integration Reversals?
Authors: Akbari Amir , Carrieri Francesca , Malkhozov Aytek 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We show that constraints on using leverage for foreign positions can act as an international investment barrier. Guided by an international CAPM with leverage constraints, we use observed stock prices to measure the variation in the magnitude and the implicit cost of such cross-border funding barriers. Our measure helps explain the dynamics of global market integration and, in particular, its reversals documented in the literature, but not explained by other international investment barriers. We confirm our results using alternative financial integration measures, international capital flows, and institutional portfolio holdings.
COMMITTED EFFECTIVE DOSE FROM NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES IN FARM-RAISED AND WILD CATFISH IN IBADAN, NIGERIA
Authors: Isinkaye M O , Ajilu F S , Ibikunle S B , Ajayi O S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
There is extensive contamination of the aquatic environment when rivers and streams flow through areas of high human activities such as industrial cities and major towns. These contaminations may include enhanced background levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials resulting from rapid urbanization and other human activities. The natural radionuclides (40K, 238U (226Ra) and 232Th (228Ra)) contents of farm-raised and wild catfish in five fish farms and three major rivers within Ibadan metropolis have been studied using gamma spectrometry. The results indicate that the average committed effective doses from the ingestion of the two sets of catfishes are 104 ± 37 and 104 ± 32 μSv/y for farm-raised and wild catfish, respectively. It can be concluded that the consumption of the catfishes poses no immediate radiological hazards to the population of the study area.
Does investing in low-income urban neighborhoods improve sleep?
Authors: Dubowitz Tamara , Haas Ann , Ghosh-Dastidar Bonnie , Collins Rebecca L , Beckman Robin , Brooks Holliday Stephanie , Richardson Andrea S , Hale Lauren , Buysse Daniel J , Buman Matthew P , Troxel Wendy M 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesNeighborhood disadvantage is associated with poor sleep, which may contribute to and exacerbate racial and socioeconomic health disparities. Most prior work has been cross-sectional and thus it has not been possible to estimate causal effects.MethodsWe leveraged a natural experiment opportunity in two low-income, predominantly African American Pittsburgh, PA neighborhoods, following a randomly selected cohort of households (n = 676) between 2013 and 2016. One of the neighborhoods received substantial public and private investments (housing, commercial) over the study period, while the other socio-demographically similar neighborhood received far fewer investments. Primary analyses used a difference-in-difference analysis based on neighborhood, to examine changes in actigraphy-assessed sleep duration, efficiency, and wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO), and self-reported sleep quality. Secondary analyses examined whether residents’ proximity to investments, regardless of neighborhood, was associated with changes in sleep outcomes.ResultsResident sleep worsened over time in both neighborhoods with no significant differences among residents between the two neighborhoods. Secondary analyses, including covariate adjustment and propensity score weighting to improve comparability, indicated that regardless of neighborhood, those who lived in closer proximity to investments (&lt;0.1 mile) were significantly less likely to experience decreases in sleep duration, efficiency, and quality, or increases in WASO, compared to those who lived farther away.ConclusionsWhile we did not observe sleep differences among residents between neighborhoods, living closer to a neighborhood investment was associated with better sleep outcomes. Findings have relevance for public health and policy efforts focused on investing in historically disinvested neighborhoods.