bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NMDA Receptors in Accumbal D1 Neurons Influence Chronic Sugar Consumption and Relapse
Authors: Wei Shoupeng , Hertle Sarah , Spanagel Rainer , Bilbao Ainhoa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlutamatergic input via NMDA and AMPA receptors within the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) pathway plays a critical role in the development of addictive behavior and relapse toward drugs of abuse. Although well-established for drugs of abuse, it is not clear whether glutamate receptors within the mesolimbic system are involved in mediating chronic consumption and relapse following abstinence from a non-drug reward. Here, we evaluated the contribution of mesolimbic glutamate receptors in mediating chronic sugar consumption and the sugar-deprivation effect (SDE), which is used as a measure of relapse-like behavior following abstinence. We studied four inducible mutant mouse lines lacking the GluA1 or GluN1 subunit in either DA transporter (DAT) or D1R-expressing neurons in an automated monitoring system for free-choice sugar drinking in the home cage. Mice lacking either GluA1 or GluN1 in D1R-expressing neurons (GluA1D1CreERT2orGluN1D1CreERT2mice) have altered sugar consumption in both sexes, whereasGluA1DATCreERT2andGluN1DATCreERT2do not differ from their respective littermate controls. In terms of relapse-like behavior, femaleGluN1D1CreERT2mice show a more pronounced SDE. Given that glutamate receptors within the mesolimbic system play a critical role in mediating relapse behavior of alcohol and other drugs of abuse, it is surprising that these receptors do not mediate the SDE, or in the case of femaleGluN1D1CreERT2mice, show an opposing effect. We conclude that a relapse-like phenotype of sugar consumption differs from that of drugs of abuse on the molecular level, at least with respect to the contribution of mesolimbic glutamate receptors.
How Blue is the Sky?
Authors: Frégnac Yves 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe recent trend toward an industrialization of brain exploration and the technological prowess of artificial intelligence algorithms and high-performance computing has caught the imagination of the public. These impressive advances are fueling an uncontrolled societal hype, the more amplified, the more “Blue Sky” the claim is. Will we ever be able to simulate a brainin silico? Will “it” (the digital avatar) be conscious? The Blue Brain Project (BBP) and the European flagship the Human Brain Project (HBP) have surfed on this wave for the past 10 years. Their already significant lifetimes now offer new case studies for neuroscience sociology and epistemology, as the projects mature. Their distinctive “Blue Sky” flavor has been a key feature in securing unprecedented funding (more than one billion Euros) mostly through supranational institutions. The longitudinal analysis of these ventures provides clues to how the neuromyth they propagate sells science, in a scientific world based on an economy of promises.
Volume reduction of the evaporator concentrate for incorporation in cement
Authors: Bastos Franciely , Tello Clédola 
Published: April 2021

This study evaluates different routes of drying and cementation of Evaporator Concentrate (EC) from nuclear reactors. The Pressurized Water Reactor is one of the most used in nuclear power plants, and it uses boric acid as a coolant to control the nuclear fission. When the boric acid solution loses its characteristics, it is directed to an evaporation system, generating the EC. The cementation is used as a technique to immobilize this kind of waste, due to the low cost and ease of use of the cement, in addition to its good stability and mechanical strength. However, the EC is a liquid solution, which leads to a high volume of wastes. The inclusion of a drying step might be advantageous in providing a reduction of the EC volume to be solidified, consequently reducing the number of packings generated. The tests were performed at the Laboratório de Cimentação at CDTN. The equipment chosen for the drying was the lab-oven, because it is easy to use and enables a full drying at relatively low temperatures. The cementation was carried out with different amounts of dry EC incorporated and with various water/cement matrix (a/cm) relations. As established by the norm CNEN NN 6.09, the compressive strength of homogeneous cementitious products, with 28 days of curing, must be greater than or equal to 10MPa for a safe disposal of the radioactive wastes. Formulations with a/cm between 0,25 and 0,27 and incorporation of dry EC between 10% and 20% showed the best results so far.
Growth and optical caracteristics of the CsI:Li scintillator crystal for use as radiation detector
Authors: Pereira Maria da Conceição Costa , Filho Tufic Madi , Tomaz Lucas Faustino , Berretta José Roberto 
Published: April 2021

Materials capable of converting ionizing radiation into light photons are called scintillators, some have specific efficiencies for certain applications and types of radiation, e.g. gamma, X-ray, alpha, beta and neutrons. CsI:Tl and NaI:Tl crystals are commonly found in the market because they have several applications, but few studies have been done on lithium doped cesium iodide crystal (CsI:Li). The lithium element, in this crystal used as a dopant, is also exploited as a converter for neutron detection, as it has a shock section of 940 barns for thermal neutrons. The study of the CsI:Li crystal is convenient considering the natural abundance of the lithium element with 7.5%, besides the interest in having a low cost national scintillator material with an opportunity to search the response of a detector for different types of radiation. The CsI:Li crystal was grown with molar concentration 10-4 to 10-1, using the vertical Bridgman technique. The parameters involved in the growth process were investigated. The transmittance was evaluated in the spectral region from 190 nm to 1100 nm. Luminescence emission spectra for the CsI:Li crystal were evaluated by photometric analysis of the crystal stimulated with a 137Cs (662 keV) source in front of the coupled sample at the monochromator input. The crystals showed of maximum luminescence intensity at the wavelength of 420 nm. The response of the scintillators when excited with gamma radiation of 241Am, 133Ba, 22Na, 137Cs, 60Co and neutron radiation from the AmBe source, with energy range of 1 MeV to 12 Mev was evaluated.
АЛЕЯ ГЕРОЇВ У ЧЕРНІГОВІ: ЗМІНА У СПРИЙНЯТТІ РАДЯНСЬКИХ МІСЦЬ ПАМ’ЯТІ В УКРАЇНІ (1991–2019 рр.)
Authors: Година Аліна 
Published: April 2021

Радянське минуле в сучасному українському соціумі продовжує функціонувати в антиномії «Свій–Чужий». Дихотомія у сприйнятті минулого не може не провокувати дискусії та конфлікти у сфері політики пам’яті. У статті розглянуто ставлення до радянських пам’ятників на Алеї Героїв у Чернігові у період після проголошення незалежності. На підставі локального прикладу можна прослідкувати рецепцію процесів декомунізації у пам’яті місцевих жителів та, відповідно, побачити ставлення до пам’ятників, які пов’язані із радянським періодом. У місті на час здобуття незалежності була велика кількість радянських монументів. Пам’ятники і надалі виконувати таку саму функцію, що і в радянський час: на традиційні радянські свята навколо них формувалися зібрання, відбувалися мітинги. Великою мірою місто продовжувало жити у заданому радянським режимом історичному наративі святкування. Пам’ять чи/і амнезія? Це ті слова, якими можна описати дискусійне поле навколо Алеї Героїв упродовж 28 років. Періодично це місце стає полем боротьби мнемонічних акторів за право «володіти» ним. Утім згодом воно взагалі зникає із публічного дискурсу, стаючи, у такий спосіб, звичайною алеєю, яка є в кожному місті України. Для написання статті було використано неопубліковані матеріали Державного архіву Чернігівської області. Оскільки тематика дослідження охоплює недавній хронологічний період, під час підготовки праці було залучено інформацію з інтернет-ресурсів (сайтів «Події і коментарі: Чернігівщина», «Високий Вал (VAL.UA)» та «Svoboda.FM»), що спеціалізуються на висвітленні подій Чернігівщини, а тому є важливим джерелом для аналізу політики пам’яті щодо пам’ятників на Алеї Героїв.
Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung di Kawasan Pengembangan Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA)
Authors: Oktaviani Indah , Ariyanti Yanti , Leksikowati Sovia Santi , Asril Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

AbstrakKawasan kampus Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA) sedang mengalami perkembangan fisik yang pesat, seperti pembangunan gedung perkuliahan, laboratorium, asrama, juga embung untuk sumber air. Informasi mengenai keanekaragaman hayati di ITERA sendiri belum banyak diteliti, salah satunya adalah keanekaragaman burung. Burung merupakan hewan besar yang cukup sensitif dengan perubahan lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data mengenai keanekaragaman burung di ITERA untuk memberikan informasi dasar. Metode yang digunakan adalah teknik point count, diterapkan pada lima stasiun utama yang dipilih berdasarkan pusat aktivitas pembangunan. Analisis yang digunakan adalah indeks keanekaragaman, kemerataan, juga kelimpahan. Selain itu, status konservasi dan tipe pakan jenis burung dianalisis menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 19 jenis burung dari 16 famili. Keanekaragaman jenis burung berdasarkan indeks Shannon-Wiener tergolong sedang dan kemerataan jenis merata. Dari kategori kelimpahan yang digunakan terdapat dua jenis burung yang umum ditemukan. Bersumber pada PP No. 7 tahun 1999, terdapat empat jenis burung di ITERA yang termasuk ke dalam kategori dilindungi dan satu jenis termasuk kategori Appendix II di CITES. Feeding guild burung di ITERA didominasi tipe omnivora dan insektivora. AbstractInstitut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA) campus area is undergoing rapid physical development, such as the construction of lecture buildings, laboratories, dormitories, as well as reservoirs for water sources. Information on biodiversity in ITERA has not much studied, one of which is bird diversity. Birds are large animals that are quite sensitive to environmental changes. This study aims to obtain data on bird diversity at ITERA to provide the baseline information. The method used is a point count technique, applied to five main stations selected based on the center of development activities. The analysis used is an index of diversity, evenness, and abundance. Besides, the conservation status and feed type of bird species were analyzed using secondary data. The results showed that there were 19 species of birds from 16 families. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index classified the bird community as a moderate, and the community evenness index was stable. From the abundance category, two types of birds commonly found. Based on PP No. 7 of 1999, there are four species of birds in ITERA, which included in the protected category and one species, including the Appendix II category in CITES. Omnivorous and insectivorous types dominate bird guild feeding in ITERA.
Explaining Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths, 2011–2017
Authors: Parks Sharyn E. , Erck Lambert Alexa B. , Hauck Fern R. , Cottengim Carri R. , Faulkner Meghan , Shapiro-Mendoza Carrie K. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:
Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) represents a broad group of explained and unexplained infant deaths (&lt;1 year old). Explaining why SUID occurs is critical to understanding etiology and prevention. Death certificate data cannot differentiate explained from unexplained SUID cases nor describe the surrounding circumstances. We report SUID rates by explained and unexplained categories and describe demographics and history of recent injury or illness using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SUID Case Registry.

METHODS:
The registry is a population-based surveillance system built on Child Death Review programs. Data are derived from multiple sources, including death certificates, scene investigations, and autopsy reports. Cases included SUIDs reported by states or jurisdictions participating in the registry during 2011–2017. Cases were classified into explained and unexplained categories by using the registry’s classification system. Frequencies, percentages, and mortality rates per 100 000 live births were calculated.

RESULTS:
Of the 4929 SUID cases, 82% were categorized as unexplained. Among all cases, 73% had complete case information. Most SUIDs (72%) occurred in an unsafe sleep environment. The SUID mortality rate was 97.3 per 100 000 live births. Among explained and possible suffocation deaths, ∼75% resulted from airway obstruction attributed to soft bedding.

CONCLUSIONS:
Unsafe sleep factors were common in explained and unexplained SUID cases, but deaths could only be classified as explained suffocation for ∼20% of cases. Further analysis of unexplained deaths, including continued improvements to death scene investigation and documentation, may generate hypotheses for physiologic and genetic research, advance our understanding of gaps in SUID investigation, and enhance our understanding of infants at highest risk.
Manifestaciones orales y maxilofaciales asociadas a la COVID-19. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Parra-Sanabria Erika Alexandra , Bermúdez-Bermúdez Melisa , Peña-Vega Claudia Patricia , Rueda-Jiménez Andrés 
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: realizar una revisión, descripción y análisis de los estudios y reportes de casos con información sobre la posible relación existente entre las manifestaciones orales y maxilofaciales reportadas y la COVID-19. Métodos: se revisaron 16 publicaciones realizadas en bases de datos de Pubmed, SciencedDirect, Google Académico, ProQuest, Medline Complete y Nature. Los términos de búsqueda empleados fueron COVID-19 y oral manifestations, relacionados en la ecuación de búsqueda con el conector booleano “AND”. Resultados: 22 casos de pacientes que presentaron manifestaciones orofaciales asociadas a la COVID-19. La distribución entre mujeres y hombres fue similar con porcentajes de 45,5% y 54,5%, respectivamente. Diagnóstico de la COVID-19 positivo en un 86,4% y sospechoso de infección en un 13,6%. La ubicación más frecuente de lesiones fue en mucosa masticatoria (31,3%), mucosa de revestimiento (28,1%) y lengua (15,6%). A nivel facial, 25% de los reportes evaluados informaron lesiones. El edema retromandibular, en el 23,8 % de los casos evaluados, y las úlceras en mucosa oral, en el 28,6%, fueron el tipo más frecuente de lesiones. Conclusiones: las manifestaciones orales y maxilofaciales en pacientes con COVID-19 han sido reportadas en algunas publicaciones; las más frecuentes han sido las relacionadas con edema retromandibular (parotiditis) y úlceras. Se sugiere una posible asociación de dichas manifestaciones con la infección por SARS-CoV-2 o con coinfecciones o comorbilidades del paciente, administración de medicamentos, estancia hospitalaria en UCI o ventilación mecánica. Aunque los reportes son pocos, estos pueden servir como pauta para futuros estudios que permitan esclarecer esta relación.
Estudio regional del potencial de secado con aire natural y energía solar
Authors: Domínguez P. Jorge , Parra C. Alfonso , Villa Luis Gabriel 
Published: April 2021

En este artículo se presenta y aplica una metodología de trabajo basada en la técnica de simulación matemática y desarrollada con el fin de realizar estudios sobre el potencial de secado de productos agropecuarios con aire natural y energía solar de regiones tropicales. La metodología se basa en el uso de un programa de computador e incluye otros elementos metodológicos en relación con el manejo de la Información meteorológica, el patrón de operación del ventilador, el uso de energía solar y la interpretación de los resultados con el fin de optimizar el sistema.

Se reportan los resultados del estudio del potencial de secado con aire natural y energía solar de Tuluá (Valle) y se proporcionan recomendaciones específicas para la implementación de sistemas de secado a baja temperatura en la región.
The activation of industrial heritage: Transformation in the Petite Ceinture
Authors: Wu Mengyang , He Honghao , Bachmann Bálint 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe development of the social economy has led to the reorganization of the original layout structure and spatial functions of the city. Based on the development background of the Petite Ceinture railway space, this article conceives the attribute transformation and activation method of this industrial heritage. The proposed methodology, applied to the leftover spaces in Paris: integrating the biodiversity; softening the boundary; setting up installations. This paper investigates the relationship between the vitality of leftover space and the texture of the cities. It is proposed to try to reconnect the leftover space with the city through a multi-dimensional system corresponding to the diversified space and make good use of its unique location and internal potential.
Human Kidney Tubules Detoxify Chloroacetaldehyde, a Presumed Nephrotoxic Metabolite of Ifosfamide
Authors: DUBOURG LAURENCE , MICHOUDET CHRISTIAN , COCHAT PIERRE , BAVEREL GABRIEL 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
The nephrotoxic effects of the antineoplastic drug ifosfamide have been attributed to its hepatic metabolite chloroacetaldehyde. The effects of chloroacetaldehyde on isolated human kidney cortex tubules metabolizing lactate (a physiologic substrate in human kidneys) were investigated. At concentrations of ≥0.5 mM, chloroacetaldehyde was toxic to the human kidney tubules, as demonstrated by a dramatic decrease in cellular ATP levels and a large increase in lactate dehydrogenase release; chloroacetaldehyde also stimulated pyruvate accumulation and inhibited lactate removal and glucose synthesis. These effects, which were associated with incomplete disappearance of chloroacetaldehyde and extensive depletion of the cellular CoA, acetyl-CoA, and glutathione contents, were prevented by the addition of thiol-protecting drugs (mesna and amifostine). Human kidney tubules were demonstrated to metabolize chloroacetaldehyde at high rates, presumably via aldehyde dehydrogenase, which is very active in human kidneys. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements indicated that human kidney tubules converted [2-13C]chloroacetaldehyde to [2-13C]chloroacetate, the further metabolism of which was very limited. At equimolar concentrations, chloroacetate was much less toxic than chloroacetaldehyde, indicating that chloroacetate synthesis from chloroacetaldehyde by human kidney tubules represents a detoxification mechanism that could play a role in vivo in preventing or limiting the nephrotoxic effects observed during ifosfamide therapy.
A Controlled Trial Comparing Two Doses of Cyclosporine in Conjunction with Mycophenolate Mofetil and Corticosteroids
Authors: SÉVAUX RUUD G. L. DE , GREGOOR PETER J. H. SMAK , HENÉ RONALD J. , HOITSMA ANDRIES J. , VOS PIETER , WEIMAR WILLEM , GELDER TEUN VAN , HILBRANDS LUKAS B. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
It is unknown whether the addition of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) to cyclosporine (CsA) and prednisone after renal transplantation (RTx) allows for a reduced dose of CsA, to minimize the incidence of CsA-related side effects and to reduce costs. Therefore, 313 renal allograft recipients were randomized for treatment with MMF (1000 mg twice a day), prednisone, and either conventional- or low-dose CsA during the first 3 mo after RTx. The target trough levels were 300 and 150 ng/ml, respectively, during the first 3 mo and 150 ng/ml in both groups thereafter. A total of 313 patients were included: 161 patients received a conventional dose and 152 received a low dose of CsA. During the first 6 mo after RTx, graft failure or patient death occurred in 19 of 161 patients (12%) in the conventional-dose group and in 11 of 152 patients (7%) in the low-dose group (not significant). Biopsy-proven acute rejection occurred in 36 of 161 patients (22%) in the conventional-dose group and in 29 of 152 patients (19%) in the low-dose group (not significant). The incidence of delayed graft function was similar in both groups (31 of 161 [19%] versus 28 of 152 [18%]; not significant). Serum creatinine did not differ between the conventional- and the low-dose groups: 151 ± 56 μmol/L versus 142 ± 49 μmol/L at 3 mo and 141 ± 60 μmol/L versus 136 ± 49 μmol/L at 6 mo. There were no differences between the groups regarding BP, lipid metabolism, and infectious complications. In the low-dose group, an estimated $500 per patient was saved on the costs of CsA. In conclusion, the addition of MMF to CsA and prednisone after RTx allows the use of a lower-than-conventional dose of CsA, without increasing the risk of rejection.
COVID-19 vaccines: the dilemma when thinking as a patient
Authors: Sharif Suleiman I. , Sharif Rubian S. 
Published: April 2021

What is the truth about the conspiracy theory of the COVID-19 microchip vaccine? The outbreak of the COVID-19 witnessed a vicious race of pharmaceutical firms to develop a vaccine that ends this disaster. Claims were forwarded that some firms funded by well-known foundations are in the process of developing such a vaccine so people wide world can be tracked. Such claims may have been based on Mr. Bill Gate’s announcement in an interview that through vaccination "we will have some digital certificates" which would be used to show who had recovered, been tested and ultimately who received a vaccine but he made no mention of microchips. The conspiracy theory is spreading around the world and its supporters are on the increase among the public as well as many healthcare professionals. The spread of the virus has been attributed to the introduction of 5G technology and many religious leaders attributed the crisis to punishment from God to the spread of local wars and mass killing, torturing and killing of Muslims in China and Myanmar gay and lesbian movement and marriages.
Hs-CRP as an important inflammatory risk marker of CAD in diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Sangamesh  
Published: April 2021

Elevation of hs-CRP is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes development in patients with all levels of metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to assess the hs-CRP among the patients with CAD in type 2 diabetes mellitus. All the patients admitted under cardiology department of PMSSY Bangalore medical college were included in present case control study, conducted between November 2017 to May 2019. The patients with known history of diabetes mellitus for 5-10yrs of duration and willing to be part of study with age &#62;40 were included in present study. Total 70 patients were included who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Among them 35 were T2DM with CAD (Group A) and 35 were T2DM without CAD (Group B). Among them 40 were males and 30 were female patients. The mean age of patients was 57.2±9.4 in group A and 58.2±10.4 in group B patients, which was statistically not significantly different. There was a significant higher mean hs-CRP in patients of group A compared to group B patients. Hs-CRP is a reliable marker for the atherosclerotic events, and there is a significant relation of coronary artery disease with the elevated hs-CRP in patients. We suggest that patients with diabetes mellitus should undergo a routine screening for hs-CRP levels to detect risk of CAD at early phase.