bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey on machine learning based light curve analysis for variable astronomical sources
Authors: Yu Ce , Li Kun , Zhang Yanxia , Xiao Jian , Cui Chenzhou , Tao Yihan , Tang Shanjiang , Sun Chao , Bi Chongke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe improvement of observation capabilities has expanded the scale of new data available for time domain astronomy research, and the accumulation of observational data continues to accelerate. However, traditional data analysis methods are difficult to fully tap the potential scientific value of all data. Therefore, in the current and future research on light curve analysis, it is inevitable to use artificial intelligence (AI) technology to assist in data analysis in order to obtain as many candidates as possible with scientific research goals. This survey reviews important developments in light curve analysis over the past years, summarizes the basic concepts in machine learning and their applications in light curve analysis and concludes perspectives and challenges for light curve analysis in the near future. The full exploration of light curves of variable celestial objects relies heavily on new techniques derived from promotion of machine learning and deep learning in the astronomical big data era.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Machine Learning
Technologies > Artificial Intelligence
An epistemic approach to explaining cooperation in the finitely repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma
Authors: Cao Vi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe use epistemic game theory to explore rationales behind cooperative behaviors in the finitely repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma. For a class of type structures that are sufficiently rich, the set of outcomes that can arise when each player i is rational and satisfies $$(m_i-1)$$

(

m
i

-
1
)

th order strong belief of rationality is the set of paths on which each player i defects in the last $$m_i$$

m
i

rounds. We construct one sufficiently rich type structure to elaborate on how different patterns of cooperative behaviors arise under sufficiently weak epistemic conditions. In this type structure, the optimality of forgiving the opponent’s past defection and the belief that one’s defection will be forgiven account for the richness of the set of behavior outcomes.
Spatial asymmetries (“pseudoneglect”) in free visual exploration—modulation of age and relationship to line bisection
Authors: Chiffi Kathrin , Diana Lorenzo , Hartmann Matthias , Cazzoli Dario , Bassetti Claudio L. , Müri René M. , Eberhard-Moscicka Aleksandra K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhen humans visually explore an image, they typically tend to start exploring its left side. This phenomenon, so-called pseudoneglect, is well known, but its time-course has only sparsely been studied. Furthermore, it is unclear whether age influences pseudoneglect, and the relationship between visuo-spatial attentional asymmetries in a free visual exploration task and a classical line bisection task has not been established. To address these questions, 60 healthy participants, aged between 22 and 86, were assessed by means of a free visual exploration task with a series of naturalistic, colour photographs of everyday scenes, while their gaze was recorded by means of a contact-free eye-tracking system. Furthermore, a classical line bisection task was administered, and information concerning handedness and subjective alertness during the experiment was obtained. The results revealed a time-sensitive window during visual exploration, between 260 and 960 ms, in which age was a significant predictor of the leftward bias in gaze position, i.e., of pseudoneglect. Moreover, pseudoneglect as assessed by the line bisection task correlated with the average gaze position throughout a time-window of 300–1490 ms during the visual exploration task. These results suggest that age influences visual exploration and pseudoneglect in a time-sensitive fashion, and that the degree of pseudoneglect in the line bisection task correlates with the average gaze position during visual exploration in a time-sensitive manner.
Patellar instability MRI measurements are associated with knee joint degeneration after reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament
Authors: Giesler Paula , Baumann Frederic A. , Weidlich Dominik , Karampinos Dimitrios C. , Jung Matthias , Holwein Christian , Schneider Julia , Gersing Alexandra S. , Imhoff Andreas B. , Bamberg Fabian , Jungmann Pia M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective
To qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the 2-year magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcome after MPFL reconstruction at the knee and to assess MRI-based risk factors that predispose for inferior clinical and imaging outcomes.

Materials and methods
A total of 31 patients with MPFL reconstruction were included (22 ± 6 years, 10 female). MRI was performed preoperatively in 21/31 patients. Two-year follow-up MRI included quantitative cartilage T2 and T1rho relaxation time measurements at the ipsilateral and contralateral knee. T2relative was calculated as T2patellofemoral/T2femorotibial. Morphological evaluation was conducted via WORMS scores. Patellar instability parameters and clinical scores were obtained. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, t-tests, multivariate regression models, and correlation analyses.

Results
Two years after MPFL reconstruction, all patellae were clinically stable. Mean total WORMS scores improved significantly from baseline to follow-up (mean difference ± SEM, − 4.0 ± 1.3; P = 0.005). As compared to patients with no worsening of WORMS subscores over time (n = 5), patients with worsening of any WORMS subscore (n = 16) had lower trochlear depth, lower facetal ratio, higher tibial-tuberosity to trochlear groove (TTTG) distance, and higher postoperative lateral patellar tilt (P < 0.05). T2relative was higher at the ipsilateral knee (P = 0.010). T2relative was associated with preoperatively higher patellar tilt (P = 0.021) and higher TTTG distance (P = 0.034). TTTG distance, global T2 values, and WORMS progression correlated with clinical outcomes (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
MPFL reconstruction is an optimal treatment strategy to restore patellar stability. Still, progressive knee joint degeneration and patellofemoral cartilage matrix degeneration may be observed, with patellar instability MRI parameters representing particular risk factors.
Intra-therapeutic dosimetry of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in low-volume hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer patients and correlation with treatment outcome
Authors: Peters Steffie M. B. , Privé Bastiaan M. , de Bakker Maarten , de Lange Frank , Jentzen Walter , Eek Annemarie , Muselaers Constantijn H. J. , Mehra Niven , Witjes J. Alfred , Gotthardt Martin , Nagarajah James , Konijnenberg Mark W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
While [177Lu]Lu-PSMA radioligand therapy is currently only applied in end-stage metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients, also low-volume hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer (mHSPC) patients can benefit from it. However, there are toxicity concerns related to the sink effect in low-volume disease. This prospective study aims to determine the kinetics of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA in mHSPC patients, analyzing the doses to organs at risk (salivary glands, kidneys, liver, and bone marrow) and tumor lesions < 1 cm diameter.

Methods
Ten mHSPC patients underwent two cycles of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA therapy. Three-bed position SPECT/CT was performed at 5 time points after each therapy. Organ dosimetry and lesion dosimetry were performed using commercial software and a manual approach, respectively. Correlation between absorbed index lesion dose and treatment response (PSA drop of > 50% at the end of the study) was calculated and given as Spearman’s r and p-values.

Results
Kinetics of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA in mHSPC patients are comparable to those in mCRPC patients. Lesion absorbed dose was high (3.25 ± 3.19 Gy/GBq) compared to organ absorbed dose (salivary glands: 0.39 ± 0.17 Gy/GBq, kidneys: 0.49 ± 0.11 Gy/GBq, liver: 0.09 ± 0.01 Gy/GBq, bone marrow: 0.017 ± 0.008 Gy/GBq). A statistically significant correlation was found between treatment response and absorbed index lesion dose (p = 0.047).

Conclusions
We successfully performed small lesion dosimetry and showed that the tumor sink effect in mHSPC patients is of less concern than was expected. Tumor-to-organ ratio of absorbed dose was high and tumor uptake correlates with PSA response. Additional treatment cycles are legitimate in terms of organ toxicity and could lead to better tumor response.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of Steinberg I and II avascular necrosis of the femoral head: a report of fifteen cases and literature review
Authors: Salameh Motasem , Moghamis Isam S. , Kokash Osama , Ahmed Ghalib O. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This article aimed to report a case series of pre-collapse avascular necrosis of the femoral head treated with hyperbaric oxygen and review the most recent literature on the topic.

Methods
The data from a prospectively followed registry of 15 patients with Steinberg I and II avascular necrosis of the femoral head was collected. Functional outcome, pain scores, and radiographic changes at an average follow-up of 22 months were analyzed and reported.

Results
Thirteen patients had satisfactory outcome at final follow-up with an average Oxford hip score of 37.3, pain scores were significantly improved at final follow-up (P < 0.001), and 26.7% of hips progressed to collapse on follow-up radiographs with no complications reported in all patients.

Conclusion
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for pre-collapse avascular necrosis of the femoral head is considered a safe alternative with satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes and low complications rate.
Ecological impacts of an invasive mesopredator do not differ from those of a native mesopredator: lionfish in Caribbean Panama
Authors: Samhouri Jameal F. , Stier Adrian C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe impacts of invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles) on native coral reef populations in the Western Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea can be enormous. However, how much lionfish differ from native predators and whether their effects outweigh the abundant mesopredators that occupy many reefs invite continued examination. Here, we present empirical evidence from Caribbean Panama and beyond suggesting that lionfish are less abundant than native mesopredators. Furthermore, we show that their direct impacts on survivorship and size distributions of one native prey species are similar to those of a native mesopredator. These results support calls for lionfish management that considers evolving local ecological and social dynamics, including prey community composition, the roles of native mesopredators, and regional goals for conservation and fisheries. Recognition of regional context creates the potential for synergies between conservation actions aimed both at the invasion and other consequential problems such as overexploitation and climate change.
Remote and contactless infrared imaging techniques for stratigraphical investigations in paintings on canvas
Authors: Ceccarelli Sofia , Guarneri Massimiliano , Orazi Noemi , Francucci Massimo , Ciaffi Massimiliano , Mercuri Fulvio , Paoloni Stefano , de Collibus Mario Ferri , Zammit Ugo , Petrucci Francesco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the analysis of complex stratigraphical structures like painted artefact, infrared (IR) techniques can provide precious information about elements hidden under superficial layers of the artwork, such as pictorial features and structural defects. This paper presents a novel complementary use of reflectographic and thermographic techniques for the survey of three baroque paintings, preserved at the Chigi Palace in Ariccia (Italy). First, the IR-ITR laser scanner prototype has been used for the preliminary and remote near-IR reflectographic survey of the areas where the canvas was located. The resulting map was then used for planning the thermographic and mid-IR reflectographic studies, focusing the analyses on the most interesting areas of one of the paintings, called “La Primavera”. The combination of the three imaging techniques revealed several details not visible by the naked eye, such as restored lacunas and pentimenti, demonstrating the validity and complementarity of the proposed combined methodologies.
Gender gap at a large European urological congress: still at the beginning
Authors: Hüsch Tanja , Haferkamp Axel , Thomas Christian , Steffens Joachim , Fornara Paolo , Kranz Jennifer 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Women are underrepresented at scientific conferences, decreasing the visibility of female role models, which are vital for aspiring young female scientists. This investigation aimed to evaluate female representation at the German Society of Urology's (GSoU) annual meeting.

Methods
The programs of the GSoU meeting of 2011, 2018, 2019 and the virtual conference in 2020 were retrospectively quantified by gender and categorized by chair or speaker, type, and topic of the session. Descriptive analysis was applied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify gender inequity and variables influencing gender distribution. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
A total of 2.504 chairs and speakers were invited to the GSoU meeting in 2018 and 2019. Female speakers or chairs were represented in 17.8%, indicating a gender gap of 64.7%. There were significant differences between session type, topic, and gender distribution for chairs and speakers. The topic surgical techniques were independent variables for both, underrepresented female chairs and speakers, respectively (p < 0.001). Vocational policy and plenary session were not represented by any female chair in 2011, 2018, and 2019. In comparison, the gender gap in 2011 was 74.2%, indicating a gap reduction of 1.2% per year. In a selected virtual program in 2020, the gender gap increased to 70.4%.

Conclusion
There is still a significant discrepancy between gender representation at the GSoU annual meetings, and gender equity is currently not expected before 50 years. Future efforts should address the implementation of established guidelines for achieving gender equity at urological conferences.
Cell image segmentation by using feedback and convolutional LSTM
Authors: Shibuya Eisuke , Hotta Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHuman brain is known to have a layered structure and perform not only feedforward process from lower layer to upper layer, but also feedback process from upper layer to lower layer. Neural network is a mathematical model of the function of neurons, and several models are proposed until now. Although neural network imitates the human brain, everyone uses only feedforward process and direct feedback process from upper layer to lower layer is not used in prediction process. Therefore, in this paper, we propose Feedback U-Net using convolutional LSTM. Our model is a segmentation model using convolutional LSTM and feedback process. The output of U-Net at the first round is fed back to the input, and our method re-considers the segmentation result at the second round. By using convolutional LSTM, the features are extracted well based on the features extracted at the first round. On both of the Drosophila cell image and Mouse cell image datasets, our model outperformed conventional U-Net which uses only feedforward process.
Voice symptoms in teachers during distance teaching: a survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland
Authors: Patjas M. , Vertanen-Greis H. , Pietarinen P. , Geneid A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Due to the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), teachers during the pandemic have had to adapt to online teaching at short notice. This study aims to investigate the voice symptoms and their environmental risk factors as well as the work ability associated with distance teaching and to compare these with symptoms in previous contact teaching.

Methods
We conducted a survey of 121 primary and secondary school teachers across Finland. The survey was advertised online through social media and the replies collected from voluntarily participating teachers.

Results
During distance teaching vocal symptoms appeared less often than in school with 71% teachers experiencing them in regular teaching and 44% in distance teaching, VHI result decreased from 7.88 in school teaching to 4.58 in distance teaching. Acoustic conditions were reported to be more suitable in distance teaching with 73% of teachers finding them adequate during distance teaching in comparison to 46% for those in regular teaching. Background noise was the most disturbing factor for a teacher’s voice in the classroom and in distance teaching and this was even more conspicuous in the classroom. Also, subjectively experienced poor indoor air quality at school influenced the voice negatively. Further, voice problems were associated with increased subjective stress levels and reduced ability to work.

Conclusion
Distance teaching has affected teachers’ voices in a positive way compared with regular teaching. This difference is likely to be due to better acoustics and indoor air quality in distance teaching conditions.
The Typical Cell of a Voronoi Tessellation on the Sphere
Authors: Kabluchko Zakhar , Thäle Christoph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe typical cell of a Voronoi tessellation generated by $$n+1$$

n
+
1

uniformly distributed random points on the d-dimensional unit sphere $$\mathbb {S}^d$$

S

d

is studied. Its f-vector is identified in distribution with the f-vector of a beta’ polytope generated by n random points in $$\mathbb {R}^d$$

R

d

. Explicit formulas for the expected f-vector are provided for any d and the low-dimensional cases $$d\in \{2,3,4\}$$

d
∈
{
2
,
3
,
4
}

are studied separately. This implies an explicit formula for the total number of k-dimensional faces in the spherical Voronoi tessellation as well.
Optimisation of used nuclear fuel canister loading using a neural network and genetic algorithm
Authors: Solans Virginie , Rochman Dimitri , Brazell Christian , Vasiliev Alexander , Ferroukhi Hakim , Pautz Andreas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an approach for the optimisation of geological disposal canister loadings, combining high resolution simulations of used nuclear fuel characteristics with an articial neural network and a genetic algorithm. The used nuclear fuels (produced in an open fuel cycle without reprocessing) considered in this work come from a Swiss Pressurised Water Reactor, taking into account their realistic lifetime in the reactor core and cooling periods, up to their disposal in the final geological repository. The case of 212 representative used nuclear fuel assemblies is analysed, assuming a loading of 4 fuel assemblies per canister, and optimizing two safety parameters: the fuel decay heat (DH) and the canister effective neutron multiplication factor k$$_{\mathrm{eff}}$$

eff

. In the present approach, a neural network is trained as a surrogate model to evaluate the k$$_{\mathrm{eff}}$$

eff

value to substitute the time-consuming-code Monte Carlo transport & depletion SERPENT for specific canister loading calculations. A genetic algorithm is then developed to optimise simultaneously the canister k$$_{\mathrm{eff}}$$

eff

and DH values. The k$$_{\mathrm{eff}}$$

eff

computed during the optimisation algorithm is using the previously developed artificial neural network. The optimisation algorithm allows (1) to minimize the number of canisters, given assumed limits for both DH and k$$_{\mathrm{eff}}$$

eff

quantities and (2) to minimize DH and k$$_{\mathrm{eff}}$$

eff

differences among canisters. This study represents a proof-of-principle of the neural network and genetic algorithm capabilities, and will be applied in the future to a larger number of cases.
Self-healing trans-cloud applications
Authors: Brogi Antonio , Carrasco Jose , Durán Francisco , Pimentel Ernesto , Soldani Jacopo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTrans-cloud applications consist of multiple interacting components deployed across different cloud providers and at different service layers (IaaS and PaaS). In such complex deployment scenarios, fault handling and recovery need to deal with heterogeneous cloud offerings and to take into account inter-component dependencies. We propose a methodology for self-healing trans-cloud applications from failures occurring in application components or in the cloud services hosting them, both during deployment and while they are being operated. The proposed methodology enables reducing the time application components rely on faulted services, hence residing in “unstable” states where they can suddenly fail in cascade or exhibit erroneous behaviour. We also present an open-source prototype illustrating the feasibility of our proposal, which we have exploited to carry out an extensive evaluation based on controlled experiments and monkey testing.
Modified coronally advanced tunnel technique with enamel matrix derivative in addition to subepithelial connective tissue graft compared with connective tissue graft alone for the treatment of multiple gingival recessions: prognostic parameters for clinical treatment outcomes
Authors: Górski Bartłomiej , Górska Renata , Szerszeń Marcin , Kaczyński Tomasz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate factors that influence 12-month outcomes after treatment of multiple gingival recessions (GR) with modified coronally advanced tunnel (MCAT) and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) with enamel matrix derivative (EMD) (tests) or without (controls).

Materials and methods
Twenty patients with 150 GR were treated. Logistic regression models were used to identify baseline parameters that could predict 12-month average root coverage (ARC), complete root coverage (CRC), root esthetic coverage score (RES), gain in keratinized tissue width (KTW), and gain in gingival thickness (GT).

Results
The likelihood of ARC > 85% increased sevenfold (odds ratio [OR] = 7.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.43–12.12), of achieving CRC: 21-fold (OR = 21.23; 95% CI = 10.21–45.32), and of gaining RES = 10: tenfold (OR = 10.23; 95% CI = 5.78–32.23) in favor of EMD-treated sites. With each 1-mm2 increase in baseline avascular exposed root surface area (AERSA), the odds of failure (ARC ≤ 85%, not achieving CRC and postoperative GT ≤ 2 mm) increased almost fourfold (OR = 3.56; 95% CI = 1.98–10.19), fourfold (OR = 4.23; 95% CI = 1.11–9.02), and nearly sixfold (OR = 5.76; 95% CI = 2.43–12.87), respectively. The greater the baseline GT, the more likely the chance of achieving CRC (OR = 10.23; 95% CI = 8.37–16.23) and RES = 10 (OR = 5.50; 95% CI = 3.34–16.43). All models exhibited fair to excellent discrimination and satisfactory calibration.

Conclusions
Based on logistic regression, EMD application improved postoperative ARC, CRC and RES; baseline AERSA predicted 12-month ARC, CRC, and GT gain, whereas baseline GT was a predictor of achieving CRC and perfect RES.

Clinical relevance
Additional use of EMD, lower baseline AERSA, and greater baseline GT significantly increase the odds of obtaining better outcomes 12 months after MCAT + SCTG technique.