bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of Na2MnSnO4/Graphene Anode for Potential Lithium‐Ion Battery Applications
Authors: Suresh babu G. N. , Kalaiselvi N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA novel class of Na2MnSnO4/G graphene composite existing as a hybrid containing SnO2 and NaMnO2 has been synthesized via urea assisted combustion (UAC) method at 900 °C and examined for its suitability in lithium‐ion battery assembly. This work shows the presence of uniform distribution of Na2MnSnO4 (NMS) particles interweaved within graphene layer which in turn enhances the electronic conductivity to realize appreciable electrochemical performance in lithium ion battery application. Na2MnSnO4/G (NMS/G) anode exhibits a capacity of 630 mA h g−1 for 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1 current density and under the high current of 0.5 A g−1, it exhibits as high as 426 mAh g−1 even after 2000 cycles. The title anode assumes importance as promising lithium ion battery anode, wherein the volume expansion and related issues of Sn have been addressed through the selection of custom designed electrode formulation and the preparation of Na2MnSnO4/G (NMS/G) composite with the desired physiochemical properties. Effect of engineered electrodes in alleviating the volume expansion related issues is elaborated in this communication.
In‐situ Construction of Ultra‐Thin Graphitic Carbon Nitride Supported Lanthanum Oxide Nanosheet Heterostructures with Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Activity
Authors: Liu Xing , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Lu , Li Yudong , Zhang Jian , Du Yunchen , Xia Debin , Lin Kaifeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe preparation of ultra‐thin graphitic carbon nitride has always been a difficult challenge. Herein, the heterostructure of ultra‐thin graphite carbon nitride (UG−CN) supported lanthanum oxide nanosheets was constructed in situ by the strategy of one‐step calcination and annealing (2D/2D). The thicknesses of UG−CN and LaO were about 2.3 nm and 2.9 nm, respectively. The two types of nanosheets are cross‐stacked with each other, and the strong affinity between atoms leads to the formation of an ultra‐thin 2D/2D hybrid nanomaterial, which has close interface contacts. The strong electron interaction and effective charge separation cause electrons to flow from UG−CN to LaO, then to flow to the Pt promoter to catalyze the H2 generation reaction. In addition, experimental studies have found that the formation of the ultra‐thin 2D/2D structure is mainly caused by the intercalation of lanthanum nitrate in the lamellar structure and the synergistic effect of the combustion‐supporting NO3−accelerating the thermal condensation of melamine during heating. Importantly, the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of LaO/UG−CN reaches 104.1 μmol h−1, which about 12.2 times greater than that of pristine G−CN (8.5 μmol h−1). This work is of significance for the preparation of ultra‐thin graphite carbon nitride in a simple way and the understanding of the corresponding formation mechanism for the composite material.
Impact of change in iron status over time on clinical outcomes in heart failure according to ejection fraction phenotype
Authors: Fitzsimons Sarah , Yeo Tee Joo , Ling Lieng H. , Sim David , Leong Kui Toh Gerard , Yeo Poh Shuan Daniel , Ong Hean Yee , Jaufeerally Fazlur , Ng Tze P. , Poppe Katrina , Lund Mayanna , Devlin Gerry , Troughton Richard , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Richards A. Mark , Doughty Robert N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsThe importance of iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is unknown. In HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), ID is reported as an independent predictor of mortality in HF although not all published studies agree. Different definitions of ID have been assessed, and the natural history of untreated ID not established, which may explain the conflicting results. This study aimed to assess the relationship between ID and mortality in HFpEF, clarify which definition of ID correlates best with outcomes in HFrEF, and determine the prognostic importance of change in ID status over time.Methods and resultsAnalyses were conducted on data from 1563 patients participating in a prospective international cohort study comparing HFpEF with HFrEF. Plasma samples from baseline and 6 month visits were analysed for the presence of ID. Two ID definitions were evaluated: IDFerritin = ‘ferritin < 100 mcg/L or ferritin 100–300 mcg/L + transferrin saturation < 20%’ and IDTsat = ‘transferrin saturation < 20%’. The risk of all‐cause mortality and death/HF hospitalization associated with baseline ID (IDFerritin or IDTsat) and change in ID status at 6 months (persistent, resolving, developing, or never present) was estimated in multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Of 1563 patients, 1115 (71%) had HFrEF and 448 (29%) HFpEF. Prevalence of ID was similar in HFpEF and HFrEF (58%). Patients with ID were more likely to be female, diabetic, and have a higher co‐morbid burden than patients without ID. ID by either definition did not confer independent risk for either all‐cause mortality or death/HF hospitalization for patients with HFpEF [IDFerritin hazard ratio (HR) 0.65 (95% confidence interval 0.40–1.05), P = 0.08; IDTsat HR 1.16 (0.72–1.87), P = 0.55]. In the overall study cohort (HFrEF + HFpEF) and HFrEF subgroup, IDFerritin was inferior to IDTsat in prediction of all‐cause mortality [overall cohort: HR 1.21 (0.95–1.53), P = 0.12 vs. HR 1.95 (1.52–2.51), P < 0.01; HFrEF: HR 1.12 (0.85–1.48), P = 0.43 vs. HR 1.57 (1.15–2.14), P < 0.01]. Persistence of IDTsat at 6 months was strongly associated with poor outcomes compared with never having IDTsat [HR 2.22 (1.42–3.46), P < 0.01] or having IDTsat at baseline self‐resolve by 6 months [HR 1.40 (1.06–1.86), P = 0.02].ConclusionsIron deficiency is equally prevalent in HFpEF and HFrEF but is negatively prognostic only in HFrEF. The natural history of ID is important; persistent ID is strongly associated with mortality whereas resolution is not. IDTsat is the superior definition of ID and should inform future trials investigating the efficacy of intravenous iron replacement in patients with HFrEF.
Pain relief by movement representation strategies: An umbrella and mapping review with meta‐meta‐analysis of motor imagery, action observation and mirror therapy
Authors: Cuenca‐Martínez Ferran , Reina‐Varona Álvaro , Castillo‐García Juan , La Touche Roy , Angulo‐Díaz‐Parreño Santiago , Suso‐Martí Luis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a mapping and umbrella review with a meta‐meta‐analysis (MMA) to critically evaluate the current evidence of motor imagery (MI), action observation and mirror therapy (MT) on pain intensity.MethodsThe study involved a systematic search of PubMed, PEDro, Scielo, EBSCO and Google Scholar.ResultsTen systematic reviews were included in the qualitative synthesis, 70% of which showed high methodological quality. Three reviews found a significant reduction in chronic musculoskeletal pain as the result of applying movement representation methods (MRM) plus usual‐care (UC), with a large clinical effect (standardized mean difference [SMD] of −1.47; 95% CI −2.05 to −0.88; heterogeneity Q = 1.66; p = 0.44; I2 = 0%). However, two reviews showed no statistically significant reduction in acute and postsurgical pain as a result of applying MI plus UC. Four reviews showed no significant reduction in phantom limb pain (PLP) as a result of applying MT plus UC interventions. In four reviews, the MMA showed a significant reduction in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) as a result of applying MT plus UC, with a large clinical effect (SMD −1.27; 95% CI −1.87 to −0.67; heterogeneity Q = 3.95; p = 0.27; I2 = 24%). In two reviews, the MMA showed no significant differences in poststroke pain as a result of applying MT plus UC.ConclusionResults show that MRM could be effective for chronic musculoskeletal pain, with low to moderate‐quality evidence. The results also show a reduction in pain intensity through MT interventions in patients with CRPS, although these results were not found in patients with PLP or poststroke pain.SignificanceThis umbrella review analysed systematic reviews evaluating movement representation techniques, with the aim of synthesizing the available evidence regarding motor imagery, action observation and mirror therapy on pain. The results provide relevant information about the potential clinical use of movement representation techniques in different types of patients with painful conditions.
Observations of the near‐wall accumulation of suspended particles due to shear and electroosmotic flow in opposite directions
Authors: Yee Andrew J. , Yoda Minami 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOn the basis of previous studies, the particles in a dilute (volume fractions φ∞ < 4 × 10–3) suspension in combined Poiseuille and electroosmotic “counterflow” at flow Reynolds numbers Re ≤ 1 accumulate, then assemble into structures called “bands,” within ∼6 μm of the channel wall. The experimental studies presented here use a small fraction of tracer particles labeled with a different fluorophore from the majority “bulk” particles to visualize the dynamics of individual particles in a φ∞ = 1.7 × 10–3 suspension. The results at two different near‐wall shear rates and three electric field magnitudes E show that the near‐wall particles are concentrated about 150‐fold when the bands start to form, and are then concentrated about 200‐fold to a maximum near‐wall volume fraction of ∼0.34. The growth in the near‐wall particles during this accumulation stage appears to be exponential.This near‐wall particle accumulation is presumably driven by a wall‐normal “lift” force. The observations of how the particles accumulate near the wall are compared with recent analyses that predict that suspended particles subject to shear flow and a dc electric field at small particle Reynolds numbers experience such a lift force. A simple model that assumes that the particles are subject to this lift force and Stokes drag suggests that the force driving particles toward the wall, of O(10–17 N), is consistent with the time scales for particle accumulation observed in the experiments.
Manganese carbonate nanoparticles‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction for enhanced sonodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhang Haoyuan , Pan Xueting , Wu Qingyuan , Guo Juan , Wang Chaohui , Liu Huiyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSonodynamic therapy (SDT) has attracted widespread attention due to its non‐invasiveness and deep tissue penetration. However, the development of efficient sonodynamic nanoplatforms to improve the therapeutic efficiency is still one of the main challenges of current research. In this work, a new type of sonosensitizer prepared by a simple method, manganese carbonate nanoparticles (MnCO3 NPs), is used for enhanced SDT. MnCO3 NPs could generate large amounts of 1O2 and •OH under ultrasound irradiation. At the same time, CO2 and Mn ions could be released in a weak acid environment due to the excellent degradability of MnCO3 NPs. The CO2 bubbles caused cell necrosis by ultrasonic cavitation and used for ultrasound imaging. And Mn ions activated the mitochondrial cell apoptosis pathway. In vivo experiments proved that this sonosensitizer with mitochondrial regulatory capacity showed high tumor inhibition rates for enhanced sonodynamic tumor therapy.
Identification of genomic loci regulating grain iron content in aus rice under two irrigation management systems
Authors: Talukdar Partha , Travis Anthony J. , Hossain Mahmud , Islam Md Rafiqul , Norton Gareth J. , Price Adam H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIron (Fe) deficiency is one of the common causes of anaemia in humans. Improving grain Fe in rice, therefore, could have a positive impact for humans worldwide, especially for those people who consume rice as a staple food. In this study, 225–269 accessions of the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel (BAAP) were investigated for their accumulation of grain Fe in two consecutive years in a field experiment under alternative wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooded (CF) irrigation. AWD reduced straw Fe by 40% and grain Fe by 5.5–13%. Genotype differences accounted for 35% of the variation in grain Fe, while genotype by irrigation interaction accounted for 12% of the variation in straw and grain Fe in year 1, with no significant interactions detected in year 2. Twelve rice accessions were identified as having high grain Fe for both years regardless of irrigation treatment, half of which were from BAAP aus subgroup 3 which prominently comes from Bangladesh. On average, subgroup 3 had higher grain Fe than the other four subgroups of aus. Genome‐wide association mapping identified 6 genomic loci controlling natural variation of grain Fe concentration in plants grown under AWD. For one QTL, nicotianamine synthase OsNAS3 is proposed as candidate for controlling natural variation of grain Fe in rice. The BAAP contains three haplotypes of OsNAS3 where one haplotype (detected in 31% of the individuals) increased grain Fe up to 11%. Haplotype analysis of this gene in rice suggests that the ability to detect the QTL is enhanced in the BAAP because the high Fe allele is balanced in aus, unlike indica and japonica subgroups.
Investigation of the effects of pomegranate juice addition on physicochemical, microbiological, and functional properties of set and stirred yogurts
Authors: Golmakani Mohammad‐Taghi , Eskandari Mohammad Hadi , Kooshesh Somayyeh , Pishan Mahboobeh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPomegranate juice (PJ) (at concentrations of 13% and 17%) was added to yogurt and its physicochemical and microbial properties were investigated. PJ improved several features of yogurt, bringing an increase in total phenolic contents by 4.3–6.1 and 5.3–7.3 fold in response to 13% and 17% PJ, respectively. Also, there were increases in the total anthocyanin contents of yogurt by 2650–2870 and 3470–3820 fold in response to the said juice concentrations. These increases were observed in both set and stirred yogurts, whereas IC50 values of the yogurts decreased by 2.2–2.6 and 3.0–3.3 fold, respectively, compared to the control samples. Total acidity, syneresis, and redness value of the yogurts increased, parallel to the increase in the PJ concentration being added. Also, Streptococcus thermophilus count decreased significantly, whereas no significant effect was observed on the population count of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Among PJ yogurt samples, the panelists selected the 13% PJ stirred yogurt as the best sample. PJ was observed to contain valuable bioactive compounds with functional and medicinal effects that culminate in health benefits.
Features selection and substitution in PEM fuel cell water management failures diagnosis
Authors: Zhou Su , Wang Keyong , Zhou Shangwei , Shan Jing , Bao Datong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA data‐driven strategy considering sensor reliability and cost is presented for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) fault diagnosis. An increase of pressure drop in the flow field is a reliable indicator of PEMFC flooding fault. Still, it highly depends on the pressure measurement accuracy of the stack inlet and outlet. The abnormal sensor will mislead the diagnosis results, and an extra pressure sensor in the outlet means higher system cost. Thus, the related behavior is investigated. The throttle opening set, one of the control signals, is chosen to replace the cathode pressure drop. The throttle opening set, the stack voltage, and cell voltage monitoring (CVM) standard deviation are employed as diagnostic features, and the support vector machine (SVM) is used as the classifier. Compared to the approach using single‐cell voltages, the strategy mentioned above minimizes extra sensors and avoids the computation load of dimensionality reduction. High accuracy in diagnosing flooding and dehydration via identifying experimental data of different fault severity verifies the effectiveness of the presented strategy.
Cathodic reduction of oxidizing gas generated by low‐temperature decomposition of hydrated calcium hypochlorite for flow cell
Authors: Kodera Fumihiro , Nakagawa Shogo , Sato Shun , Nishimura Hajime , Umeda Minoru 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the oxidizing gas generated from the low‐temperature decomposition of hydrated calcium hypochlorite and evaluated its possible use in the cathode reaction of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. The cathodic reduction of the oxidizing gas generated from hydrated calcium hypochlorite was performed at <80°C using an electrochemical method comprising a combination of a Pt millidisc and a Pt microdisc in a non‐aqueous solution as an aprotic polar solvent. In addition, we proposed a low‐temperature mechanism for the decomposition of hydrated calcium hypochlorite and assessed the crystal structure change using X‐ray diffraction. Overall, the results indicate that the oxidizing gas exhibited sufficient electrochemical activity. At each decomposition temperature, the waveform changed, and at 30°C approximately two reactive electrons were present in a typical reduction wave. The main reactant in the cathodic reaction was chlorine oxyacid, and the low‐temperature decomposition of hydrated calcium hypochlorite was found to be strongly related to water crystallization.
Polygenic risk score for bipolar disorder associates with divergent thinking and brain structures in the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Takeuchi Hikaru , Kimura Ryosuke , Tomita Hiroaki , Taki Yasuyuki , Kikuchi Yoshie , Ono Chiaki , Yu Zhiqian , Matsudaira Izumi , Nouchi Rui , Yokoyama Ryoichi , Kotozaki Yuka , Nakagawa Seishu , Hanawa Sugiko , Iizuka Kunio , Sekiguchi Atsushi , Araki Tsuyoshi , Miyauchi Carlos Makoto , Ikeda Shigeyuki , Sakaki Kohei , dos S. Kawata Kelssy H. , Nozawa Takayuki , Yokota Susumu , Magistro Daniele , Imanishi Tadashi , Kawashima Ryuta 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTIt has been hypothesized that a higher genetic risk of bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with greater creativity. Given the clinical importance of bipolar disorder and the importance of creativity to human society and cultural development, it is essential to reveal their associations and the neural basis of the genetic risk of bipolar disorder to gain insight into its etiology. However, despite the previous demonstration of the associations of polygenic risk score (PRS) of BD and creative jobs, the associations of BD‐PRS and creativity measured by the divergent thinking (CMDT) and regional gray matter volume (rGMV) as well as regional white matter volume (rWMV) have not been investigated. Using psychological analyses and whole‐brain voxel‐by‐voxel analyses, we examined these potential associations in 1558 young, typically developing adult students. After adjusting for confounding variables and multiple comparisons, a greater BD‐PRS was associated with a greater total CMDT fluency score, and a significant relationship was found in fluency subscores. A greater BD‐PRS was also associated with lower total mood disturbance. Neuroimaging analyses revealed that the BD‐PRS was associated with greater rGMV in the right inferior frontal gyrus, which is a consistently affected area in BD, as well as a greater rWMV in the left middle frontal gyrus, which has been suggested to play a central role in the increased creativity associated with the risk of BD with creativity. These findings suggest a relationship between the genetic risk of BD and CMDT and prefrontal cortical structures among young educated individuals.
Human microRNA‐182‐5p and kinectin 1: Potential biomarkers for prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jakob Mark , Mattes Lena M. , Unger Kristian , Kueffer Stefan , Hess Julia , Canis Martin , Schirmer Markus , Spiegel Jennifer L. , Haubner Frank , Ihler Friedrich , Weiss Bernhard G. , Kitz Julia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic impact of hsa‐miRNA‐182‐5p in oral cancer remains unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of hsa‐miRNA‐182‐5p and its predicted target kinectin 1 (KTN1) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodExpression level of hsa‐miRNA‐182‐5p was analyzed in tumor tissue (n = 36) and healthy oral mucosal tissue (n = 17) using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Protein level of the predicted target KTN1 was detected via immunohistochemistry. Results were validated in a cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).ResultsAfter dividing the data into a subgroup with high and low hsa‐miRNA‐182‐5p expression level, a significant better overall (p = 0.016), recurrence‐free (p = 0.009), and progression‐free survival (p = 0.004) was observed in an upregulation of hsa‐miRNA‐182‐5p. Staining intensity of KTN1 showed a reciprocal impact on the prognosis. Validation in a TCGA cohort confirmed these results.ConclusionOur results indicate hsa‐miRNA‐182‐5p and KTN1 as potential biomarkers for OSCC.
Implications of deep-seabed mining on marine ecosystems—Introduction to a special series of papers
Authors: Gilron Guy , Smith Samantha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
After more than 50 years of exploration and research that has intensified over the past decade, deep-seabed mining (DSM) remains a controversial subject, resulting mainly from legacy issues of other extractive industries. Moreover, our planet is environmentally challenged, with climate change as one of the major issues that we collectively face. Deep-seabed mining aims to collect metal resources lying on the deep seabed to help meet increased global demand caused by growth in population and urbanization, and clean energy, in a way that reduces pressures on land, such as deforestation and community relocation. The metals found on the seabed are those needed to address climate change through clean energy technologies. An important question facing us is: How do we, most responsibly, obtain the metals we need with the least impact on the planet we are trying to protect? DSM is one of the options to meet the demand. In this IEAM special series, we set out to present neutral and unbiased perspectives on the environmental implications of DSM. Our aim is to offer readers environmental management considerations learned by researchers around the world and working in diverse aspects of the field, including: population and community assessment, biota ecosystem services, environmental ethics, and rehabilitation and restoration. In consideration of the controversies, fundamental questions still remain: How can a new industry be given the opportunity to “do the right thing”? How do we make evidence-based decisions about where metals should come from when emotions and possibly fear often seem to drive the debate? Can we assume that decisions and policies are best achieved based on data and evidence? The papers presented in the series help address these questions and cover a range of diverse topics from ethical frameworks to biodiversity assessment to risk assessment to restoration. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:631–633. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
Deep seabed mining (DSM) is one of the options to meet the demand for metals globally. This special series presents neutral and unbiased perspectives on the environmental implications of DSM. Fundamental questions remain: can a new industry be given the opportunity to “do the right thing”; how do evidence-based decisions about where metals should come from be made, when emotions and fear often drive the debate, and can we assume that decisions and policies are best achieved based on data and evidence. Papers presented in the special series help address key questions and cover a range of diverse topics from ethical frameworks to biodiversity assessment to risk assessment to restoration.