bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of urinary cobalt as its complex with 2‐(5‐chloro‐2‐pyridylazo)‐5‐diethylaminophenol by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the purpose of anti‐doping control
Authors: Sobolevsky Tim , Ahrens Brian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCobalt is well known for its ability to stimulate erythropoiesis via stabilization of hypoxia‐inducible factors. In sports, this can provide a competitive benefit to athletes, so the World Anti‐Doping Agency prohibits the use of cobalt in any form except its cobalamin vitamers. As of now, cobalt in biological fluids is detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), a technique which has very limited availability in anti‐doping laboratories. Therefore, a quantitative method based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry capable of measuring urinary cobalt in the form of its complex with 2‐(5‐chloro‐2‐pyridylazo)‐5‐diethylaminophenol (5‐Cl‐PADAP) has been developed and validated. A cobalt complex with deuterium‐labeled 5‐Cl‐PADAP was used as internal standard. The method was found linear over the concentration range of 5–500 ng/ml with a combined standard uncertainty less than 10% at 15, 200, and 450 ng/ml. Stability of cobalt ions in urine was investigated over the course of 2 months; the concentration of free Co2+ was observed to decline by approximately 50% but restored upon hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid. Unlike ICP‐MS, this method is practically unaffected by the presence of cyanocobalamin as the latter is resistant to acid hydrolysis. Notwithstanding the lack of formalized threshold concentration of cobalt in urine, it is highly desirable that more anti‐doping laboratories engage in testing for cobalt levels to better understand the prevalence of cobalt misuse in athletes. Given that cobalt salts are inexpensive and easily obtainable, the risk of such abuse should not be underestimated.
Design of Roll‐In Margarine Analogous by Partial Drying of Monoglyceride‐Structured Emulsions
Authors: Calligaris Sonia , Plazzotta Stella , Barba Luisa , Manzocco Lara 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA novel process is proposed to turn soft gelled emulsions containing saturated monoglyceride (MG), sunflower oil, and water into a fat material with the typical water content (20 g/100 g) and rheological properties of roll‐in margarine. A gentle drying procedure at 30 °C is proposed to allow partial water removal from the emulsions, without causing phase separation. Upon water removal, the soft emulsion, initially stabilized by a highly hydrated liquid crystalline lamellar phase of MG, converts into a high internal phase oil–water emulsion (HIPE) stabilized thanks to the presence of MG crystals around gelled oil particles, which are interconnected via polar groups of MG. HIPE at the highest MG content (13.7 g/100 g) shows rheological properties (Gʹ = 4.6 × 105 Pa, critical stress = 634 Pa) comparable to those of commercial roll‐in margarine and is successfully used in baking trials of puff pastry.Practical Applications: The last years have seen an increasing demand for strategies for the nutritional improvement of lipid‐containing foods, due to the emerging health concern related to the consumption of unbalanced saturate/unsaturated fats. Moreover, sustainability issues have arisen due to the abundant use of tropical fats in foods. However, the unique technological and sensory properties of fats make this task very challenging, especially considering the production of laminated products requiring the use of plastic fat materials with peculiar rheological properties. The results obtained in this study are very promising, as they show that the novel fat can be used as an alternative to traditional laminating margarine.
Development of a sensitive MEKC‐LIF method for synthetic cathinones analysis
Authors: Emonts Paul , Servais Anne‐Catherine , Ziemons Eric , Hubert Philippe , Fillet Marianne , Dispas Amandine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSynthetic cathinones are phenylalkylamine compounds related to natural cathinone from Catha edulis leaves. Due to their sympathomimetic effects comparable to common illicit drugs, these substances are mainly drugs of abuse and constitute the second most frequently seized group of new psychoactive substances. In order to ensure their regulation and to promote public health, reliable analytical tools are required to track these substances. In the present study, we developed a CE hyphenated to laser‐induced fluorescence detection method to demonstrate its suitability to perform fast and cost‐effective synthetic cathinones analysis. Fourteen compounds including isobaric compounds and position isomers were selected to encompass the large panel of chemical structures. To separate the FITC‐labeled analytes (presenting the same negative charge and close mass to charge ratios), MEKC separation mode was selected. Method selectivity was not suitable using common surfactants. In this context, alkyl polyethylene glycol ether surfactants were successfully used as neutral surfactant to overcome this analytical challenge. The effect of surfactant nature on separation performances and migration behaviors of the analytes was also studied. Optimal BGE composition included 75 mM borate buffer at pH 9.3 and 0.4 mM of C12E10 surfactant. Final MEKC separation conditions were proposed to analyze a large panel of synthetic cathinones. This method helped to reach a sensitivity with LOD from 0.1 to 0.4 nM (pg/mL order).
Effects of the hydrofoil blade on the pressure pulsation and jet‐wake flow in a centrifugal pump
Authors: Zhang Yang , Gao Bo , Alubokin Anthony Akurugo , Li Guoping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA hydrofoil blade design (HBD) is proposed to suppress the unsteady pressure pulsations in a centrifugal pump. Numerical simulation is carried out using the SST k‐ω model to obtain the unsteady flow field in the pump both with HBD and the conventional blade design (CBD). The pressure pulsations with the two types of blade profiles are compared at the nominal flow rate, whereas the jet‐wake flow patterns and vortex structures are analyzed to clarify the effect of the HBD on the flow field. The pressure pulsation amplitudes at the blade frequency (fBPF) are significantly reduced with the HBD, especially near the volute tongue, with a reduction of 72%. It is evident that HBD can effectively suppress the pressure pulsation. It is for these reasons that the relative velocities in the jet region at the impeller outlet are reduced, and the velocity gradients between the pressure and suction side are decreased, which contributes to improving the flow uniformity at the impeller outlet. Besides, the vorticities at the impeller outlet are reduced, and the high energy vortices shedding from the blade trailing edge are restrained. The combined effects of the uniform flow field and low vorticities contribute to the reduction of pressure amplitude with the HBD. The findings would serve as a reference for the pump designs with low noise and vibration.
Presenting the 2018 AEA Evaluator Competencies
Authors: King Jean A. , Stevahn Laurie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter presents the Board‐approved 2018 American Evaluation Association (AEA) Evaluator Competencies. It begins by introducing and briefly explicating each of the five competency domains—professional practice, methodology, context, planning and management, interpersonal—then details the specific competencies that comprise each domain. The chapter continues by identifying and discussing persistent member concerns that emerged across all forms of member feedback during the development process. It concludes by naming three broad areas of potential use of the competencies, each of which is the subject of a chapter in Part II.
Experimental investigation of the loop thermosyphon with different adiabatic lengths charged with different working fluids
Authors: Birajdar Mahasidha R. , Sewatkar C. M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper reports an experimental investigation of a closed‐loop thermosyphon system charged with water and other low saturation fluids, such as ethanol, acetone, and methanol, for different adiabatic lengths, filling ratios, and heat loads. The closed‐loop thermosyphon with two inline vertical heaters in the evaporator section and forced air‐cooled plate‐type heat exchanger in the condenser section, connected by a changeable adiabatic length, is investigated at different working conditions. Out of five filling ratios used in the analysis, at 0.6 filling ratio, the loop thermosyphon is seen to be operated at its best. The acetone‐charged loop thermosyphon shows the lowest values (up to 72% reduction) of overall thermal resistance than that of other fluids and significantly higher effectiveness, due to the plate‐type forced air‐cooled condenser. For the acetone‐filled thermosyphon, an almost 15% increase in the effectiveness is observed by changing the adiabatic length from 800 to 200 mm. This study suggests that the limitation of the loop thermosyphon with a water‐cooled condenser to cool electronic components, computational clusters, and data centers is well fulfilled by the loop thermosyphon with plate‐type forced air‐cooled condenser. The nucleate pool boiling correlation is developed and validated for the loop thermosyphon system to determine the evaporator heat transfer coefficient.
Dynamics of copper–water nanofluid with the significance of prescribed thermal conditions
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar , Faisal Muhammad , Javed Tariq 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, unsteady bidirectional stretched flow and heat transport of a Cu–water nanomaterial in the presence of a magnetic environment embedded in a porous medium occupying boundary‐layer region is investigated. Moreover, heat transport investigation is conceded out by simultaneous heat sources, namely, prescribed surface temperature and prescribed heat flux. The considered problem is converted into a set of four coupled differential equations with the help of a suitable combination of variables. The Keller–Box method is then implemented to get the numerical solution for velocity components and temperature distributions. Nanomaterial volume fraction impact on the velocity components and temperature distributions are studied. Through reduced skin friction coefficients and Nusselt numbers, it is detected that the heat transport capacity of nanomaterial is better than that of the base fluid. An exponentially decaying behavior of velocity components and temperature distributions is observed at far‐field for various amounts of involved flow parameters.
Combined massage and warm compress to the perineum during active second stage of labor in nulliparas: A randomized trial
Authors: Goh Yi Pei , Tan Peng Chiong , Hong Jesrine Gek Shan , Sulaiman Sofiah , Omar Siti Zawiah 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the combined effect of massage and warm compress to the perineum (MassComp) compared with standard “hands‐off” in the second stage of labor.MethodsA randomized trial was conducted in a University hospital in Malaysia. Nulliparous women at term who were about to start pushing were randomized to massage during pushing and warm compress to the perineum in between pushes or to standard “hands‐off” care. Primary outcome was suturing for perineal injury (episiotomy or tear).ResultsA total of 156 participants were analyzed based on intention to treat. Perineal repair rates were 53/79 (67%) for MassComp versus 70/77 (91%) for control (relative risk [RR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61–0.98, number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome [NNTb] 5, 95% CI 2.83–8.62, P < 0.001). Of the secondary outcomes, participants’ satisfaction with care (visual numerical rating scale 0–10; 8.3 ± 1.2 vs 7.8 ± 1.2, P = 0.014), major perineal injury (second degree or higher) rates 34/79 (43%) versus 51/77 (66%) (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58–0.97, NNTb 5, 95% CI 2.61–12.56, P = 0.004), episiotomy rates 28/79 (37%) versus 40/77 (53%) (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52–0.98, NNTb 8, 95% CI 3.63–36.46, P = 0.043), intervention to delivery intervals 29.5 ± 13.6 versus 27.9 ± 13.8 minutes (P = 0.472) and spontaneous vaginal delivery rates 63/79 (79.7%) versus 56/77 (72.7%) (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.92–1.34, P = 0.306) for MassComp versus control, respectively.ConclusionMassage and warm compress during pushing decreased the perineal suturing, major perineal injury, and episiotomy rates and improved maternal satisfaction.Clinical Trial Registration: https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN42773879
Effect of delayed cord clamping on jaundice and hypoglycemia in the neonates of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shao Hailing , Qian Yiyu , Gao Shichu , Dai Dongru , Hua Ying 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo study the effect of delayed cord clamping (DCC) on the bilirubin levels and hypoglycemia in neonates with diabetic mothers (NDMs).MethodsThis is a comparison between a prospective cohort and a historical control cohort. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus who performed DCC were enrolled into the prospective cohort (n = 156), and those who performed early cord clamping (ECC) were enrolled into the historical control cohort (n = 161).ResultsNDMs who received DCC had higher transcutaneous bilirubin than those in the ECC group whether maternal glycemic control was good or poor. DCC increased the rate of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy when maternal blood glucose was well controlled but not when it was poorly controlled. No differences were found in initial blood glucose levels on days 1 to 3 of life between the two groups.ConclusionDelayed cord clamping increased bilirubin levels, the risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and phototherapy in IDMs without improved initial blood glucose levels. Therefore, DCC was not recommended in NDMs.
Analysis of risk factors for obstetric outcomes after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis for Asherman syndrome: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Yuxue , Zhu Xiaohong , Zhang Tengfei , Zhang Yanling , Zhang Mengsi , Lin Xiaona 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the factors influencing placenta accreta in pregnant women who previously underwent hysteroscopic adhesiolysis (HA).MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 265 women with intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) at the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital from January 2014 to December 2018. We followed up their pregnancy outcomes and maternal complications.ResultsThe menstrual pattern and gestational history before operation were significantly different between the live birth and pregnancy loss groups. The age, extent of cavity involved, type of adhesions, times of adhesiolysis performed, and time interval from surgery to pregnancy were not significantly different between these two groups. In the third trimester, 48 of 140 patients had 53 perinatal complications, including placenta accreta (27), gestational diabetes mellitus (10), pregnancy‐induced hypertension (6), postpartum hemorrhage (4), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (2), placenta previa (1), oligohydramnios (1), and intrauterine growth restriction (1). Logistic regression analysis showed that extent of cavity involved and times of adhesiolysis performed were associated with placenta accreta.ConclusionThe extent of cavity involved and times of adhesive separation surgeries were risk factors for placenta accreta in patients. The menstrual model and gestational history may provide the main predictive factors for pregnancy loss.
The association between gestational impaired glucose tolerance and hyperglycemic markers: A prospective study
Authors: Gluck Ohad , Ganer Herman Hadas , Fainstein Nataly , Katz Neri , Bar Jacob , Kovo Michal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT), and laboratory and clinical hyperglycemic markers.MethodsA prospective study in Holon between 2017 and 2019. Women with a singleton term delivery and one abnormal value in their last three oral glucose tolerance test measurements (OGTTs; GIGT group, n = 60) were compared with control women with normal glucose challenge test (GCT) and/or OGTT measurements (n = 60). Primary outcomes were elevated cord‐blood C‐peptide (>90th percentile), maternal hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), abnormal HbA1c (>5.7%), and neonatal skinfold thickness. Secondary outcomes included large for gestational age (LGA).ResultsWomen in the GIGT group were older (33.3 ± 5.3 vs 31.1 ± 4.8 years; P = 0.019), and had a higher rate of LGA (26.7% vs 6.7%; P = 0.005), macrosomia (13.3% vs 0%; P = 0.006), elevated C‐peptide (16.7% vs 1.7%, P = 0.008), and abnormal HbA1c (13.3% vs 0%, P = 0.006). Skinfold thickness was also significantly higher in the GIGT group. HbA1c (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 10.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19–91.91; P = 0.033) and GIGT (aOR, 11.43; 95% CI, 1.78–73.39; P = 0.01) were independently associated with LGA.ConclusionWomen with GIGT on OGTT demonstrated “hyperglycemic characteristics” relative to those with normal GCT and/or OGTT.
Age and Sex Differences in Load‐Induced Tibial Cortical Bone Surface Strain Maps
Authors: Carriero Alessandra , Javaheri Behzad , Bassir Kazeruni Neda , Pitsillides Andrew A , Shefelbine Sandra J 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBone adapts its architecture to the applied load; however, it is still unclear how bone mechano‐adaptation is coordinated and why potential for adaptation adjusts during the life course. Previous animal models have suggested strain as the mechanical stimulus for bone adaptation, but yet it is unknown how mouse cortical bone load‐related strains vary with age and sex. In this study, full‐field strain maps (at 1 N increments up to 12 N) on the bone surface were measured in young, adult, and old (aged 10, 22 weeks, and 20 months, respectively), male and female C57BL/6J mice with load applied using a noninvasive murine tibial model. Strain maps indicate a nonuniform strain field across the tibial surface, with axial compressive loads resulting in tension on the medial side of the tibia because of its curved shape. The load‐induced surface strain patterns and magnitudes show sexually dimorphic changes with aging. A comparison of the average and peak tensile strains indicates that the magnitude of strain at a given load generally increases during maturation, with tibias in female mice having higher strains than in males. The data further reveal that postmaturation aging is linked to sexually dimorphic changes in average and maximum strains. The strain maps reported here allow for loading male and female C57BL/6J mouse legs in vivo at the observed ages to create similar increases in bone surface average or peak strain to more accurately explore bone mechano‐adaptation differences with age and sex. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Skeletal Biology and Disease Modeling in Zebrafish
Authors: Dietrich Kristin , Fiedler Imke AK , Kurzyukova Anastasia , López-Delgado Alejandra C , McGowan Lucy M , Geurtzen Karina , Hammond Chrissy L , Busse Björn , Knopf Franziska 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTZebrafish are teleosts (bony fish) that share with mammals a common ancestor belonging to the phylum Osteichthyes, from which their endoskeletal systems have been inherited. Indeed, teleosts and mammals have numerous genetically conserved features in terms of skeletal elements, ossification mechanisms, and bone matrix components in common. Yet differences related to bone morphology and function need to be considered when investigating zebrafish in skeletal research. In this review, we focus on zebrafish skeletal architecture with emphasis on the morphology of the vertebral column and associated anatomical structures. We provide an overview of the different ossification types and osseous cells in zebrafish and describe bone matrix composition at the microscopic tissue level with a focus on assessing mineralization. Processes of bone formation also strongly depend on loading in zebrafish, as we elaborate here. Furthermore, we illustrate the high regenerative capacity of zebrafish bones and present some of the technological advantages of using zebrafish as a model. We highlight zebrafish axial and fin skeleton patterning mechanisms, metabolic bone disease such as after immunosuppressive glucocorticoid treatment, as well as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and osteopetrosis research in zebrafish. We conclude with a view of why larval zebrafish xenografts are a powerful tool to study bone metastasis. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Comparative evaluation of the toxicological effect of silver salt (AgNO3) and silver nanoparticles on Cyprinus carpio synthesized by chemicals and marine algae using scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Liaqat Fareeha , Hanif Uzma , Bahadur Saraj , Faheem Mehwish , Rasool Saba , Gulzar Sadia , Zaman Wajid , Urooj Zara , Shaheen Shabnum , Munir Mubashrah 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) results in the unintentional release into the water body. Therefore, understanding of the potentially harmful impacts of AgNPs and Ag‐salt on aquatic animals is a need of time. This study was design to analyze the oxidative stress and histopathological damages in Cyprinus carpio. The synthesis of AgNPs from Halymenia porphyraeformis and by reduction of chemical was done. Nanoparticles were characterized with UV–Visible spectroscopy, SEM, XRD, and FTIR analysis. The comparative toxicological effect of chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ch‐AgNPs), green silver nanoparticles (Gr‐AgNPs), and Ag‐salt on C. carpio was analyzed. For oxidative stress analysis, different tests Lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase, glutathione reduction (GST), and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) were performed. The highest LPO 245.168 ± 0.034 was recorded in Ch‐AgNPs‐treated gills and the lowest 56.4532 ± 0.02 was found in Gr‐AgNPs‐treated liver. Maximum GSH 56.4065 ± 0.13 was observed in Gr‐AgNPs liver and minimum 40.781 ± 0.54 was recorded in Ag‐salt gills. The maximum quantity of catalase 68.0162 ± 0.09 was noted in the Ag‐salt‐treated liver and the minimum was calculated 17.3665 ± 0.01 in the liver of Ch‐AgNPs and highest values of GST 765.829 ± 0.11 were recorded in gills of Gr‐AgNPs and lowest 633.08 ± 0.26 in the liver of Ch‐AgNPs‐treated fish. In conclusion, maximum destruction was found in the gills and liver of the fish treated with chemical and green AgNPs followed by Ag‐salt as compared to control. The adverse effects of AgNPs and Ag‐salt were probably related to the oxidative stress in the fish that lead to histopathological damage of its vital organs.