bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biotic and Abiotic Controls on Dinitrogen Production in Coastal Sediments
Authors: Sun Lifei , Wang Chao , Yu Haoming , Liu Dongwei , Houlton Benjamin Z. , Wang Shaofeng , Zeng Xiangfeng , Bai Edith , Fang Yunting , Jia Yongfeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDinitrogen gas (N2) production removes fixed N from the marine biosphere; however, questions remain over the relative influence of microbial processes in determining N2 efflux from coastal sediments. Here, we quantify N2 production processes and controlling factors along a ∼2,500 km continental shelf sediment transect of China via combined molecular and isotopic approaches. We show that denitrification is the dominant pathway of sedimentary N2 production, which is greatly higher than anaerobic ammonium oxidation. N2 production rates by denitrification increase with nosZ gene abundance and decrease with bacterial diversity. The effects of temperature and dissolved oxygen on denitrification are mainly through their influence on biotic factors including functional genes, microbial biomass, and bacterial diversity. The rate of anaerobic ammonium oxidation increases with hzsB gene abundance. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and dissolved organic carbon appear to indirectly affect anaerobic ammonium oxidation rate by regulating hzsB gene abundance. When extrapolated to the entire sampling region, the annual flux of sedimentary denitrification is estimated at ∼9.2 Tg N yr−1. These results improve our understanding of sediment N removal processes and the mechanistic factors that regulate denitrification fluxes.
Multi‐Model Comparison of Computed Debris Flow Runout for the 9 January 2018 Montecito, California Post‐Wildfire Event
Authors: Barnhart K. R. , Jones R. P. , George D. L. , McArdell B. W. , Rengers F. K. , Staley D. M. , Kean J. W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHazard assessment for post‐wildfire debris flows, which are common in the steep terrain of the western United States, has focused on the susceptibility of upstream basins to generate debris flows. However, reducing public exposure to this hazard also requires an assessment of hazards in downstream areas that might be inundated during debris flow runout. Debris flow runout models are widely available, but their application to hazard assessment for post‐wildfire debris flows has not been extensively tested. Necessary inputs to these models include the total volume of the mobilized flow, flow properties (either inherent material properties or calibration coefficients), and site topography. Estimates of volume are possible in post‐event (“back calculation”) studies, yet before an event, volume is an uncertain quantity. We simulated debris flow runout for the well‐constrained 9 January 2018 Montecito event using three models (RAMMS, FLO2D, and D‐Claw) to determine the relative importance of volume and flow properties. We broke the impacted area into three domains, and for each model‐domain combination, we performed a numerical sampling study in which volume and flow properties varied within a wide, but plausible range. We assessed model performance based on inundation patterns and peak flow depths. We found all models could simulate the event with comparable results. Simulation performance was most sensitive to flow volume and less sensitive to flow properties. Our results emphasize the importance of reducing uncertainty in pre‐event estimates of flow volume for hazard assessment.
Phase 1A/1B dose-escalation and -expansion study to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, food effects and antitumor activity of pamiparib in advanced solid tumours
Authors: Lickliter Jason D. , Voskoboynik Mark , Mileshkin Linda , Gan Hui K. , Kichenadasse Ganessan , Zhang Kathy , Zhang Maggie , Tang Zhiyu , Millward Michael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Pamiparib, a PARP1/2 inhibitor, demonstrated antitumor activity in preclinical models.

Methods
This Phase 1A/1B dose-escalation/dose-expansion study enrolled adults (≥18 years) with advanced/metastatic cancer. The dose-escalation phase evaluated the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D), maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and pharmacokinetics; the dose-expansion phase evaluated the antitumor activity and food effects.

Results
Patients (N = 101) were enrolled in dose-escalation (n = 64) and dose-expansion (n = 37). During BID dose-escalation, dose-limiting toxicities were Grade 2 nausea (n = 1, 40 mg; n = 1, 80 mg); Grade 2 nausea and Grade 2 anorexia (n = 1, 120 mg), Grade 2 nausea, Grade 3 fatigue and Grade 3 paraesthesia (n = 1, 120 mg); MTD was 80 mg BID and RP2D was 60 mg BID. Common adverse events (AEs) were nausea (69.3%), fatigue (48.5%) and anaemia (35.6%); the most common Grade ≥3 AE was anaemia (24.8%). There was a dose-proportional increase in pamiparib exposure; no food effects on pharmacokinetics were observed. In the efficacy-evaluable population (n = 77), objective response rate (ORR) was 27.3% (95% CI, 17.7–38.6%). Median duration of response was 14.9 months (95% CI, 8.7–26.3). In the epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)-evaluable population (n = 51), ORR was 41.2% (95% CI, 27.6–55.8%).

Conclusions
Pamiparib was tolerated with manageable AEs, and antitumor activity was observed in patients with EOC.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier
NCT02361723.
Emergent bacterial community properties induce enhanced drought tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yang Nan , Nesme Joseph , Røder Henriette Lyng , Li Xuanji , Zuo Zhangli , Petersen Morten , Burmølle Mette , Sørensen Søren Johannes 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDrought severely restricts plant production and global warming is further increasing drought stress for crops. Much information reveals the ability of individual microbes affecting plant stress tolerance. However, the effects of emergent bacterial community properties on plant drought tolerance remain largely unexplored. Here, we inoculated Arabidopsis plants in vivo with a four-species bacterial consortium (Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, Xanthomonas retroflexus, Microbacterium oxydans, and Paenibacillus amylolyticus, termed as SPMX), which is able to synergistically produce more biofilm biomass together than the sum of the four single-strain cultures, to investigate its effects on plant performance and rhizo-microbiota during drought. We found that SPMX remarkably improved Arabidopsis survival post 21-day drought whereas no drought-tolerant effect was observed when subjected to the individual strains, revealing emergent properties of the SPMX consortium as the underlying cause of the induced drought tolerance. The enhanced drought tolerance was associated with sustained chlorophyll content and endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Furthermore, our data showed that the addition of SPMX helped to stabilize the diversity and structure of root-associated microbiomes, which potentially benefits plant health under drought. These SPMX-induced changes jointly confer an increased drought tolerance to plants. Our work may inform future efforts to engineer the emergent bacterial community properties to improve plant tolerance to drought.
VEGF-A, PDGF-BB and HB-EGF engineered for promiscuous super affinity to the extracellular matrix improve wound healing in a model of type 1 diabetes
Authors: White Michael J. V. , Briquez Priscilla S. , White David A. V. , Hubbell Jeffrey A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChronic non-healing wounds, frequently caused by diabetes, lead to lower quality of life, infection, and amputation. These wounds have limited treatment options. We have previously engineered growth factors to bind to exposed extracellular matrix (ECM) in the wound environment using the heparin-binding domain of placental growth factor-2 (PlGF-2123–144), which binds promiscuously to ECM proteins. Here, in the type 1 diabetic (T1D) NOD mouse model, engineered growth factors (eGFs) improved both re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation. eGFs were even more potent in combination, and the “triple therapy” of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-PlGF-2123–144), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB-PlGF-2123–144), and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF-PlGF-2123–144) both improved wound healing and remained at the site of administration for significantly longer than wild-type growth factors. In addition, we also found that changes in the cellular milieu of a wound, including changing amounts of M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages and effector T cells, are most predictive of wound-healing success in the NOD mouse model. These results suggest that the triple therapy of VEGF-PlGF-2123–144, PDGF-BB-PlGF-2123–144, and HB-EGF-PlGF-2123–144may be an effective therapy for chronic non-healing wounds in that occur as a complication of diabetes.
Evaluation of PD-L1 and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in paired pretreatment biopsies and post neoadjuvant chemotherapy surgical specimens of breast carcinoma
Authors: Hoffmann Lucas Grecco , Sarian Luis Otavio , Vassallo José , de Paiva Silva Geisilene Russano , Ramalho Susana Oliveira Botelho , Ferracini Amanda Canato , da Silva Araujo Karina , Jales Rodrigo Menezes , Figueira Deayra Emyle , Derchain Sophie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHerein it was evaluated the impact of PD-L1 immunohistochemical expression and stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (sTIL) counts in pretreatment needle core biopsy on response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for patients with breast carcinomas (BC). In 127 paired pre- and post-NACT BC specimens, immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 was evaluated in stroma and in neoplastic cells. In the same samples sTILs were semi-quantified in tumor stroma. Post-NACT specimens were histologically rated as having residual cancer burden (RCB of any degree), or with complete pathological response (pCR). PD-L1 expression and higher sTIL counts were associated with histological grade 3 BC. PD-L1 expression was also associated with the non-luminal-HER2+ and triple negative immunohistochemical profiles of BC. Pathological complete response was associated with histological grade 3 tumors, and with the non-luminal-HER2+ and triple negative profiles. Additionally, our results support an association between PD-L1 expression and pCR to NACT. It was also observed that there is a trend to reduction of sTIL counts in the post-NACT specimens of patients with pCR. Of note, PD-L1 was expressed in half of the hormone receptor positive cases, a finding that might expand the potential use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for BC patients.
Modulation of initial movement for double potential targets with specific time constraints
Authors: Onagawa Ryoji , Kudo Kazutoshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn goal-directed behavior, individuals are often required to plan and execute a movement with multiple competing reach targets simultaneously. The time constraint assigned to the target is an important factor that affect the initial movement planning, but the adjustments made to the starting behavior considering the time constraints specific to each target have not yet been clarified. The current study examined how humans adjusted their motor planning for double potential targets with independent time constraints under a go-before-you-know situation. The results revealed that the initial movements were modulated depending on the time constraints for potential targets. However, under tight time constraints, the performance in the double-target condition was lower than the single-target condition, which was a control condition implemented to estimate performance when one target is ignored. These results indicate that the initial movement for multiple potential targets with independent time constraints can be modified, but the planning is suboptimal.
Comparison of liver scintigraphy and the liver-spleen contrast in Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI on liver function tests
Authors: Mori Hiroshige , Machimura Hanaka , Iwaya Amika , Baba Masaru , Furuya Ken 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe liver-spleen contrast (LSC) using hepatobiliary-phase images could replace the receptor index (LHL15) in liver scintigraphy; however, few comparative studies exist. This study aimed to verify the convertibility from LSC into LHL15. In 136 patients, the LSC, not at 20 min, but at 60 min after injecting gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid was compared with the LHL15, albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) score, and the related laboratory parameters. The LHL15 was also compared with their biochemical tests. The correlation coefficients of LSC with LHL15, ALBI score, total bilirubin, and albumin were 0.740, –0.624, –0.606, and 0.523 (P < 0.00001), respectively. The correlation coefficients of LHL15 with ALBI score, total bilirubin, and albumin were –0.647, –0.553, and 0.569 (P < 0.00001), respectively. The linear regression equation on the estimated LHL15 (eLHL15) from LSC was eLHL15 = 0.460 · LSC + 0.727 (P < 0.00001) and the coefficient of determination was 0.548. Regarding a contingency table using imaging-based clinical stage classification, the degree of agreement between eLHL15 and LHL15 was 65.4%, and Cramer's V was 0.568 (P < 0.00001). Therefore, although the LSC may be influenced by high total bilirubin, the eLHL15 can replace the LSC as an index to evaluate liver function.
Dual mode imaging in mid infrared with thermal signal reconstruction for innovative diagnostics of the “Monocromo” by Leonardo da Vinci
Authors: Daffara Claudia , Parisotto Simone , Mariotti Paola Ilaria , Ambrosini Dario 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDual mode imaging in the mid infrared band, a joint use of thermography and quasi-thermal reflectography, was recently proposed as a full field diagnostic tool in cultural heritage. Here we discuss for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a detailed application of such non destructive technique to the diagnostics of frescoes, with an emphasis on the location of detachments. We also investigate the use of a thermographic method based on TSR (thermal signal reconstruction), in a long pulse stimulus scheme, as well as the spatial registration of thermal images after post-processing analysis to their visible counterpart, so as to obtain a fine resolution diagnostic map. As an exemplar case study, we report about the application of dual mode imaging with a 500 $${\upmu }\hbox {m}$$

μ
m

pixel size at object plane on the “Monocromo”, a fresco by Leonardo da Vinci located in the Sforza Castle (Milan, Italy). Our technique was used to guide the conservators during the restoration works, opening new perspectives in artwork diagnostics.
Tropical instability wave modulation of chlorophyll-a in the Equatorial Pacific
Authors: Shi Wei , Wang Menghua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe global daily gap-free chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data derived using the data interpolating empirical orthogonal functions (DINEOF) technique from observations of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) in 2020 and the in situ measurements at the Tropical Ocean Atmosphere (TAO) moorings are used to characterize and quantify the biological variability modulated by the tropical instability wave (TIW). Our study aims to understand how ocean physical processes are linked to biological variability. In this study, we use the TAO in situ measurements and the coincident VIIRS Chl-a data to identify the mechanism that drives ocean biological variability corresponding to the TIW. Satellite observations show that the TIW-driven Chl-a variability stretched from 90°W to 160°E in the region. The enhanced Chl-a pattern propagated westward and moderately matched the cooler sea surface temperature (SST) patterns in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. In fact, the Chl-a variation driven by the TIW is about ± 30% of mean Chl-a values. Furthermore, the time series of Chl-a at 140°W along the equator was found to be in phase with sea surface salinity (SSS) at 140°W along the equator at the TAO mooring since late May 2020. The cross-correlation coefficients with the maximum magnitude between Chl-a and SST, Chl-a and SSS, and Chl-a and dynamic height were –0.46, + 0.74, and –0.58, respectively, with the corresponding time lags of about 7 days, 1 day, and 8 days, respectively. The different spatial patterns of the cooler SST and enhanced Chl-a are attributed to the phase difference in Chl-a and SST. Indeed, a Chl-a peak normally coincided with a SSS peak and vice versa. This could be attributed to the consistency in the change in nutrient concentration with respect to the change of SSS. The vertical distributions of the temperature and salinity at 140°W along the equator reveal that the TIW leads to changes in both salinity and nutrient concentrations in the sea surface, and consequently drives the Chl-a variability from late May until the end of the year 2020.
Anisotropic scaling for 3D topological models
Authors: Rufo S. , Griffith M. A. R. , Lopes Nei , Continentino Mucio A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA proposal to study topological models beyond the standard topological classification and that exhibit breakdown of Lorentz invariance is presented. The focus of the investigation relies on their anisotropic quantum critical behavior. We study anisotropic effects on three-dimensional (3D) topological models, computing their anisotropic correlation length critical exponent $$\nu$$
ν
obtained from numerical calculations of the penetration length of the zero-energy surface states as a function of the distance to the topological quantum critical point. A generalized Weyl semimetal model with broken time-reversal symmetry is introduced and studied using a modified Dirac equation. An approach to characterize topological surface states in topological insulators when applied to Fermi arcs allows to capture the anisotropic critical exponent $$\theta =\nu _{x}/\nu _{z}$$

θ
=

ν
x

/

ν
z

. We also consider the Hopf insulator model, for which the study of the topological surface states yields unusual values for $$\nu$$
ν
and for the dynamic critical exponent z. From an analysis of the energy dispersions, we propose a scaling relation $$\nu _{\bar{\alpha }}z_{\bar{\alpha }}=2q$$

ν

α

¯

z

α

¯

=
2
q

and $$\theta =\nu _{x}/\nu _{z}=z_{z}/z_{x}$$

θ
=

ν
x

/

ν
z

=

z
z

/

z
x

for $$\nu$$
ν
and z that only depends on the Hopf insulator Hamiltonian parameters p and q and the axis direction $$\bar{\alpha }$$

α

¯

. An anisotropic quantum hyperscaling relation is also obtained.
Characterizing the postnatal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis response of in utero heat stressed pigs at 10 and 15 weeks of age
Authors: Maskal Jacob M. , Brito Luiz F. , Duttlinger Alan W. , Kpodo Kouassi R. , McConn Betty R. , Byrd Christopher J. , Richert Brian T. , Marchant Jeremy N. , Lay Donald C. , Perry Shelbi D. , Lucy Matthew C. , Safranski Tim J. , Johnson Jay S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn utero heat stress alters postnatal physiological and behavioral stress responses in pigs. However, the mechanisms underlying these alterations have not been determined. The study objective was to characterize the postnatal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis response of in utero heat-stressed pigs. Pigs were subjected to a dexamethasone suppression test followed by a corticotrophin releasing hormone challenge at 10 and 15 weeks of age. Following the challenge, hypothalamic, pituitary, and adrenal tissues were collected from all pigs for mRNA abundance analyses. At 10 weeks of age, in utero heat-stressed pigs had a reduced (P < 0.05) cortisol response to the corticotrophin releasing hormone challenge versus controls. Additionally, the cortisol response tended to be greater overall (P < 0.10) in 15 versus 10-week-old pigs in response to the dexamethasone suppression test. The cortisol response tended to be reduced overall (P < 0.10) in 15 versus 10-week-old pigs in response to the corticotrophin releasing hormone challenge. Hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone mRNA abundance tended to be greater (P < 0.10) in in utero heat-stressed versus control pigs at 15-weeks of age. In summary, in utero heat stress altered some aspects of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis related to corticotropin releasing hormone signaling, and age influenced this response.
Developing a pro-angiogenic placenta derived amniochorionic scaffold with two exposed basement membranes as substrates for cultivating endothelial cells
Authors: Shariatzadeh Siavash , Shafiee Sepehr , Zafari Ali , Tayebi Tahereh , Yazdanpanah Ghasem , Majd Alireza , Haj-Mirzaian Arvin , Bahrami Soheyl , Niknejad Hassan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDecellularized and de-epithelialized placenta membranes have widely been used as scaffolds and grafts in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Exceptional pro-angiogenic and biomechanical properties and low immunogenicity have made the amniochorionic membrane a unique substrate which provides an enriched niche for cellular growth. Herein, an optimized combination of enzymatic solutions (based on streptokinase) with mechanical scrapping is used to remove the amniotic epithelium and chorion trophoblastic layer, which resulted in exposing the basement membranes of both sides without their separation and subsequent damages to the in-between spongy layer. Biomechanical and biodegradability properties, endothelial proliferation capacity, and in vivo pro-angiogenic capabilities of the substrate were also evaluated. Histological staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for collagen IV, and scanning electron microscope demonstrated that the underlying amniotic and chorionic basement membranes remained intact while the epithelial and trophoblastic layers were entirely removed without considerable damage to basement membranes. The biomechanical evaluation showed that the scaffold is suturable. Proliferation assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction for endothelial adhesion molecules, and IHC demonstrated that both side basement membranes could support the growth of endothelial cells without altering endothelial characteristics. The dorsal skinfold chamber animal model indicated that both side basement membranes could promote angiogenesis. This bi-sided substrate with two exposed surfaces for cultivating various cells would have potential applications in the skin, cardiac, vascularized composite allografts, and microvascular tissue engineering.
Right atrium size in the general population
Authors: Keller Karsten , Sinning Christoph , Schulz Andreas , Jünger Claus , Schmitt Volker H. , Hahad Omar , Zeller Tanja , Beutel Manfred , Pfeiffer Norbert , Strauch Konstantin , Blankenberg Stefan , Lackner Karl J. , Prochaska Jürgen H. , Schulz Eberhard , Münzel Thomas , Wild Philipp S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEchocardiography is the most common routine cardiac imaging method. Nevertheless, only few data about sex-specific reference limits for right atrium (RA) dimensions are available. Transthoracic echocardiographic RA measurements were studied in 9511 participants of the Gutenberg-Health-Study. A reference sample of 1942 cardiovascular healthy subjects without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was defined. We assessed RA dimensions and sex-specific reference limits were defined using the 95th percentile of the reference sample. Results showed sex-specific differences with larger RA dimensions in men that were attenuated by standardization for body-height. RA-volume was 20.2 ml/m in women (5th–95th: 12.7–30.4 ml/m) and 26.1 ml/m in men (5th–95th: 16.0–40.5 ml/m). Multivariable regressions identified body-mass-index (BMI), coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic heart failure (CHF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) as independent key correlates of RA-volume in both sexes. All-cause mortality after median follow-up-period of 10.7 (9.81/11.6) years was higher in individuals who had RA volume/height outside the 95% reference limit (HR 1.70 [95%CI 1.29–2.23], P = 0.00014)). Based on a large community-based sample, we present sex-specific reference-values for RA dimensions normalized for height. RA-volume varies with BMI, CHF, CAD and AF in both sexes. Individuals with RA-volume outside the reference limit had a 1.7-fold higher mortality than those within reference limits.