bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation by top‐down high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry of glutathionylation and cysteinylation of salivary S100A9 and cystatin B in preterm newborns
Authors: Boroumand Mozghan , Manconi Barbara , Serrao Simone , Iavarone Federica , Olianas Alessandra , Cabras Tiziana , Contini Cristina , Pieroni Luisa , Sanna Maria Teresa , Vento Giovanni , Tirone Chiara , Desiderio Claudia , Fiorita Antonella , Faa Gavino , Messana Irene , Castagnola Massimo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlutathionylation and cysteinylation can be involved in the protection of critical cysteines from irreversible oxidative damages. S100A9 long and cystatin B, proteins highly represented in the saliva of preterm and at‐term newborns, can undergo these modifications. Levels of S100A9 long and cystatin B and their glutathionylated and cysteinylated derivatives have been determined by a top‐down platform based on high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry in 100 salivary samples serially collected from 17 preterm newborns with different postconceptional age at birth (178‐226 days) and in 90 salivary samples collected from at‐term newborns and babies. Results showed that: (1) S100A9 long and cystatin B were mainly present as unmodified forms in extremely preterm newborn; (2) the percentage of the S‐thiolated derivatives of both proteins increased with increasing the postconceptional age; (3) the greatest variation occurred up to about 280 days of postconceptional age. Interestingly, differences in the levels of the S‐thiolated derivatives only depended on the postconceptional age and not on whether the infant was born preterm or at‐term. Inadequate levels of cysteine and glutathione might be responsible for the low level of S‐thiolated derivatives measured in preterm newborns. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD025517.
HOTFUZ: Cost‐effective higher‐order mutation‐based fault localization
Authors: Jang Jong‐In , Ryu Duksan , Baik Jongmoon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFault localization techniques are used to deduce the exact source of a failure from a set of failure indications while debugging software and play a crucial role in improving software quality. Mutation‐based fault localization (MBFL) techniques are proposed to localize faults at a finer granularity and with higher accuracy than traditional fault localization techniques. Despite the technique's effectiveness, the immense cost of mutation analysis hinders MBFL's practical application in the industry. Various mutation alternative strategies are utilized to lower the cost of MBFL, but they sacrifice the accuracy of localization results. Higher‐order mutation testing was proposed to search for valuable mutants that drive testing harder and reduce the overall test effort. However, higher‐order mutants (HOMs) never have been used to address the cost problem of MBFL to the extent of our knowledge. This paper proposes a novel, cost‐effective MBFL technique called HOTFUZ, Higher‐Order muTation‐based FaUlt localiZation, that employs HOMs to reduce the cost while minimizing the accuracy degradation. HOTFUZ combines mutants of a program under test into HOMs to decrease the number of mutants by more than half, depending on the order of HOMs. An experimental study is conducted using 65 real‐world faults of CoREBench to assess the proposed approach's cost‐effectiveness. The experimental results show that HOTFUZ outperforms the extant mutation alternative strategies by localizing faults more accurately using the same number of mutants executed. HOTFUZ has three main benefits over existing mutant reduction techniques for MBFL: (a) It keeps the advantage of using the whole set of mutation operators; (b) it does not discard generated mutants randomly for the sake of efficiency; and, finally, (c) it significantly decreases the proportion of equivalent mutants.
Applying systems engineering to roadmapping for digital transformation in the offshore exploration and production supply chain operations
Authors: Czachorowski Karen V. , Haskins Cecilia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article presents the results of the third cycle of an Action Research (AR) study conducted in an offshore exploration and production (E&P) operator on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) that investigated a digital transformation (DT) in offshore E&P supply chain operations, with a focus on drilling operations. This study provides the results of a brief investigation of the main factors that contribute the success of DT and demonstrates the value of using technology roadmapping alongside systems engineering (SE) practices to create a path between identified “AS‐IS” and “TO‐BE” operational states. Applying SE methods to the adoption of the “T‐Plan” roadmapping process resulted in a strategic communication tool that can be used among stakeholders to support them with the integration of business planning and technology adoption, and to help assess the impact that new technologies may have on their organizations in their journey toward a successful DT. In addition to the roadmap itself, which benefits the case company, this study contributes to building and enriching academic literature by providing insight from the oil and gas industry and demonstrating the use of technology roadmapping to create a strategic plan for DT in a well‐established industrial domain.
A high‐density linkage map of finger millet provides QTL for blast resistance and other agronomic traits
Authors: Pendergast, Thomas H. , Qi Peng , Odeny Damaris Achieng , Dida Mathews M. , Devos Katrien M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFinger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] is a critical subsistence crop in eastern Africa and southern Asia but has few genomic resources and modern breeding programs. To aid in the understanding of finger millet genomic organization and genes underlying disease resistance and agronomically important traits, we generated a F2:3 population from a cross between E. coracana (L.) Gaertn. subsp. coracana accession ACC 100007 and E. coracana (L.) Gaertn. subsp. africana , accession GBK 030647. Phenotypic data on morphology, yield, and blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) resistance traits were taken on a subset of the F2:3 population in a Kenyan field trial. The F2:3 population was genotyped via genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) and the UGbS‐Flex pipeline was used for sequence alignment, nucleotide polymorphism calling, and genetic map construction. An 18‐linkage‐group genetic map consisting of 5,422 markers was generated that enabled comparative genomic analyses with rice (Oryza sativa L.), foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.], and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Notably, we identified conserved acrocentric homoeologous chromosomes (4A and 4B in finger millet) across all species. Significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) were discovered for flowering date, plant height, panicle number, and blast incidence and severity. Sixteen putative candidate genes that may underlie trait variation were identified. Seven LEUCINE‐RICH REPEAT‐CONTAINING PROTEIN genes, with homology to nucleotide‐binding site leucine‐rich repeat (NBS‐LRR) disease resistance proteins, were found on three chromosomes under blast resistance QTL. This high‐marker‐density genetic map provides an important tool for plant breeding programs and identifies genomic regions and genes of critical interest for agronomic traits and blast resistance.
Pangenomics in crop improvement—from coding structural variations to finding regulatory variants with pangenome graphs
Authors: Zanini Silvia F. , Bayer Philipp E. , Wells Rachel , Snowdon Rod J. , Batley Jacqueline , Varshney Rajeev K. , Nguyen Henry T. , Edwards David , Golicz Agnieszka A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince the first reported crop pangenome in 2014, advances in high‐throughput and cost‐effective DNA sequencing technologies facilitated multiple such studies including the pangenomes of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Compared with single‐reference genomes, pangenomes provide a more accurate representation of the genetic variation present in a species. By combining the genomic data of multiple accessions, pangenomes allow for the detection and annotation of complex DNA polymorphisms such as structural variations (SVs), one of the major determinants of genetic diversity within a species. In this review we summarize the current literature on crop pangenomics, focusing on their application to find candidate SVs involved in traits of agronomic interest. We then highlight the potential of pangenomes in the discovery and functional characterization of noncoding regulatory sequences and their variations. We conclude with a summary and outlook on innovative data structures representing the complete content of plant pangenomes including annotations of coding and noncoding elements and outcomes of transcriptomic and epigenomic experiments.
Constrained power reference control for wind turbines
Authors: Zalkind Daniel S. , Nicotra Marco M. , Pao Lucy Y. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe cost of wind energy can be reduced by controlling the power reference of a turbine to increase energy capture, while maintaining load and generator speed constraints. We apply standard torque and pitch controllers to the direct inputs of the turbine and use their set points to change the power output and reduce generator speed and blade load transients. A power reference controller increases the power output when conditions are safe and decreases it when problematic transient events are expected. Transient generator speeds and blade loads are estimated using a gust measure derived from a wind speed estimate. A hybrid controller decreases the power rating from a maximum allowable power. Compared to a baseline controller, with a constant power reference, the proposed controller results in generator speeds and blade loads that do not exceed the original limits, increases tower fore‐aft damage equivalent loads by 1%, and increases the annual energy production by 5%.
Over‐optimism in benchmark studies and the multiplicity of design and analysis options when interpreting their results
Authors: Nießl Christina , Herrmann Moritz , Wiedemann Chiara , Casalicchio Giuseppe , Boulesteix Anne‐Laure 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the need for neutral benchmark studies that focus on the comparison of methods coming from computational sciences has been increasingly recognized by the scientific community. While general advice on the design and analysis of neutral benchmark studies can be found in recent literature, a certain flexibility always exists. This includes the choice of data sets and performance measures, the handling of missing performance values, and the way the performance values are aggregated over the data sets. As a consequence of this flexibility, researchers may be concerned about how their choices affect the results or, in the worst case, may be tempted to engage in questionable research practices (e.g., the selective reporting of results or the post hoc modification of design or analysis components) to fit their expectations. To raise awareness for this issue, we use an example benchmark study to illustrate how variable benchmark results can be when all possible combinations of a range of design and analysis options are considered. We then demonstrate how the impact of each choice on the results can be assessed using multidimensional unfolding. In conclusion, based on previous literature and on our illustrative example, we claim that the multiplicity of design and analysis options combined with questionable research practices lead to biased interpretations of benchmark results and to over‐optimistic conclusions. This issue should be considered by computational researchers when designing and analyzing their benchmark studies and by the scientific community in general in an effort towards more reliable benchmark results.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Visualization
Technologies > Data Preprocessing
Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
The Children
Authors: Ward Harriet , Moggach Lynne , Tregeagle Susan , Trivedi Helen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe children’s early experiences provide a context for assessing subsequent outcomes. Data collected from case files and records presented to the courts show that before separation from birth parents, almost all 210 adoptees had experienced serious and often multiple forms of maltreatment; this was the primary reason for removal. Before entering their adoptive homes, 69% of the adoptees had had four or more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), 32% had experienced failed reunifications and 48% had had three or more foster placements. Adverse childhood experiences before entry to care, harmful experiences in care and repeated exposure to grief and loss are likely to have contributed to the high prevalence of emotional and behavioural difficulties, displayed by 49% of the adoptees. According to our classification, 57% were at high risk of experiencing adverse outcomes in adulthood.
Adult Outcomes
Authors: Ward Harriet , Moggach Lynne , Tregeagle Susan , Trivedi Helen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe chapter focuses exclusively on the 60 adoptees aged over 18 who completed the follow-up survey. It draws on data collected through survey responses and interviews focusing on 24 adult adoptees. It explores their outcomes across a range of dimensions that together contribute to a composite measure of adult functionality. It presents the outcomes the adoptees achieved on each of these key domains and explores how they compared both with those of the normative Australian population and a contemporaneous cohort of care leavers. The adoptees showed more evidence of poor mental health than care leavers, but often did better in terms of education and employment. The presence of a committed adoptive parent appears to have acted as a powerful protective factor, and only extreme indicators of vulnerability at entry to the adoptive home correlated with poor adult outcomes.
Conclusion: Implications for Policy and Practice
Authors: Ward Harriet , Moggach Lynne , Tregeagle Susan , Trivedi Helen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe book focuses on a study of 210 children in out-of-home care in Australia who were adopted over a 30-year period; 93 were traced for an average of 18 years after placement. The requirement for regular face-to-face contact with birth parents was considered beneficial by 69% of participants. Other findings show the adoptees’ extreme vulnerability, improved stability post adoption and the importance of adoptive parents’ commitment in facilitating positive outcomes. They also imply that child protection policy should focus on strengthening family support and more timely decision-making when parents cannot overcome their difficulties. Policy for children in long-term foster care should focus on reducing instability, increasing the quality of care and providing better care leaving support. Internationally, adoption policy needs to reflect the increased similarities between adoption and fostering engendered by open adoption from care, and acknowledge their implications for recruitment, training, contact arrangements and post-adoption support.
Introduction
Authors: Ditlev-Simonsen Caroline D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince the Industrial Revolution, we have experienced tremendous growth in population, production, and consumption. We are on an unsustainable track considering today’s environmental degradation, poverty, climate challenges, overconsumption, and more. In this first chapter, I present key issues related to societal development over the course of the last decade and pinpoint what needs attention. The background, relevance, and purpose of this book’s 12 chapters are introduced.
The Way Forward: Is Sustainable Development Realistic?
Authors: Ditlev-Simonsen Caroline D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis final chapter addresses the future of sustainable development. Given the fact that current consumption in developed countries is unsustainable, and a similar level of consumption in developing countries would be devastating from an environmental perspective, a shift in development is necessary. This chapter touches upon peoples’ human needs and discusses to which extent unsustainable consumption is a necessity for happiness. Alternative approaches to GDP in measuring a country’s success, like Gross National Happiness (BNH) and the Happy Planet Index, are discussed. Shifting focus from an increased consumption of natural resources to more attention on development associated with social issues like well-being, health, and happiness will be addressed. This chapter concludes with how sustainable development and happy people are realistic, but it will require a shift associated with revised business models, metrics, and goals.
Stakeholder Management
Authors: Ditlev-Simonsen Caroline D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStakeholders have a key role in the corporate world, and especially related to sustainability. Even peripheral stakeholders can have a great impact on companies. This is an important consideration that companies need to be aware of and consider. In this chapter, I explore the roles of different kinds of stakeholders such as owners, investors, employees, governments, suppliers, customers, NGOs, and the media, and how to communicate and involve these stakeholders in a constructive manner. I address the function of each respective stakeholder as well potential areas for positive collaboration. The power and impact of NGOs on corporations will receive special attention as they often act as representatives for environmental and social interests—and bring such issues to the attention of others. Cases are provided to illustrate the issues presented.
Technology as Terrorism: Police Control Technologies and Drone Warfare
Authors: Wolfendale Jessica 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDebates about terrorism and technology often focus on the potential uses of technology by non-state terrorist actors and by states as forms of counterterrorism. Yet, little has been written about how technology shapes how we think about terrorism. In this Chapter I argue that technology, and the language we use to talk about technology, constrains and shapes our moral understanding of the nature, scope, and impact of terrorism, particularly in relation to state terrorism. After exploring the ways in which technology shapes moral thinking, I use two case studies to demonstrate how technology simultaneously hides and enables terrorist forms of state violence: police control technologies and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or drones. In both these cases, I argue that features of these technologies, combined with a narrative of precision and efficiency, masks the terrorist nature of the violence that these practices inflict and reinforces the moral exclusion of those against whom these technologies are deployed. In conclusion, I propose that identifying acts of terrorism requires a focus on the impact of technologies of violence (whether they are “high tech” or not) on those most affected, regardless of whether users of these technologies conceive of their actions as terrorist.
Who Should Regulate Extremist Content Online?
Authors: Reed Alastair , Henschke Adam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs liberal democracies grapple with the evolution of online political extremism, in addition to governments, social media and internet infrastructure companies have found themselves making more and more decisions about who gets to use their platforms, and what people say online. This raises the question that this paper explores, who should regulate extremist content online? In doing so the first part of the paper examines the evolution of the increasing role that social media and internet infrastructure companies have come to play in the regulating extremist content online, and the ethical challenges this presents. The second part of the paper explores three ethical challenges: i) the moral legitimacy of private actors, ii) the concentration of power in the hands of a few actors and iii) the lack of separation of powers in the content regulation process by private actors.
Facial Recognition for Counter-Terrorism: Neither a Ban Nor a Free-for-All
Authors: Robbins Scott 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter starts from the fact that new technology has given new power to the state to automate the identification of previously known terrorists who are organizing attacks on the citizens that the state is supposed to protect. The power to do this (and associated powers), if it works effectively, would help in countering terrorism. Facial recognition technologies promise to give the state precisely that power.
Diskussionsteil
Authors: Schrader Sonja Maria 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungNeugeborene kommen aufgrund des Geburtsdilemmas regelrecht als Frühgeburten auf die Welt. Bedingt durch die im Lauf der menschlichen Evolution zugenommene Hirngröße, werden sie bereits neun Monate nach der Zeugung geboren, da der Geburtskanal später nicht mehr passierbar wäre. Die Kinder sind deshalb zu Beginn ihres Lebens vollkommen hilflos und auf den Schutz der Mutter angewiesen.
Fuzzy worldlines with κ-Poincaré symmetries
Authors: Ballesteros Angel , Gubitosi Giulia , Gutierrez-Sagredo Ivan , Mercati Flavio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A novel approach to study the properties of models with quantum-deformed relativistic symmetries relies on a noncommutative space of worldlines rather than the usual noncommutative spacetime. In this setting, spacetime can be reconstructed as the set of events, that are identified as the crossing of different worldlines. We lay down the basis for this construction for the κ-Poincaré model, analyzing the fuzzy properties of κ-deformed time-like worldlines and the resulting fuzziness of the reconstructed events.
Coulomb gluons will generally destroy coherence
Authors: Forshaw Jeffrey R. , Holguin Jack 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Coherence violation is an interesting and counter-intuitive phenomenon in QCD. We discuss the circumstances under which violation occurs in observables sensitive to soft radiation and arrive at the conclusion that almost all such observables at hadron colliders will violate coherence to some degree. We illustrate our discussion by considering the gaps-between-jets observable, where coherence violation is super-leading, then we generalise to other observables, including precise statements on the logarithmic order of coherence violation.