bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Longitudinal Exploration of Self-Reported Hearing Loss, Tinnitus, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatment Outcomes in Australian Veterans
Authors: Terhaag Sonia , Phelps Andrea , Howard Alexandra , O’Donnell Meaghan , Cowlishaw Sean 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
Tinnitus, hearing loss, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common conditions among veterans. Shared underlying symptoms, such as hypervigilance and heightened sense of threat, may interfere with talk-based psychological treatments. The aim was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for self-reported tinnitus and hearing loss among Australian treatment-seeking veterans, as well as links with PTSD symptoms and quality of life (QOL) after treatment.

Methods
Australian veterans participating in hospital-based PTSD treatment (n = 523) completed self-report measures of subjective hearing impairment, service-related factors, PTSD symptoms, and QOL at treatment intake and discharge, as well as 3- and 9-month follow-ups. Univariate analyses of covariance modeled symptom change over time.

Results
More than half of veterans on PTSD treatment self-reported doctor-diagnosed hearing loss or tinnitus, whereas 43% reported both. However, 75% reported subjective mild to moderate hearing impairment, and only 1% reported severe impairment. Service-related factors, such as longer length of service and exposure to explosions, were risk factors for having any hearing condition. After controlling for intake scores, there were no significant differences on PTSD or QOL outcomes over time between those with and without hearing conditions.

Conclusions
Although self-reported tinnitus and hearing loss are prevalent among veterans, those with severe hearing impairments are unlikely to be represented in this context. There is a need for psychological treatments that are accessible to patients with severe hearing impairments, which should be examined routinely among military members accessing psychological treatments.
History of Depression, Elevated Body Mass Index, and Waist-to-Height Ratio in Preadolescent Children
Authors: Lewis-de los Angeles William W. , Liu Richard T. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate whether a history of depression or self-injurious thoughts and behaviors predict elevated body mass index (BMI) and elevated waist-to-height ratio in preadolescents.

Methods
Baseline data were evaluated from a large, nationally representative cohort study of 9- and 10-year-old children (unweighted n = 11,875), the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study.

Results
In the weighted sample, 10.6% of children had a history of depression, 7.0% had engaged in nonsuicidal self-injury, 13.1% had experienced suicidal ideation in their lifetime, and 1.1% had a history of attempted suicide. Among the children, 34.1% had an elevated BMI in the overweight or obese range and 31.9% had a waist-to-height ratio >0.5. In multivariate analyses, history of depression was associated with elevated BMI and waist-to-height ratio. Furthermore, interactions with sex were found; girls with a history of depression were more likely to have an elevated BMI (odds ratio = 1.47, 95% confidence interval = 1.24–1.74) and elevated waist-to-height ratio (odds ratio = 1.48, 95% confidence interval = 1.18–1.86) than girls without a history of depression, but no differences were observed between boys with and without a history of depression. Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors were not associated with elevated BMI or elevated waist-to-height.

Conclusions
In this study, 9- and 10-year-old girls with a history of depression were more likely to have an elevated BMI and elevated waist-to-height ratio than girls with no history of depression. These results provide important clinical context in caring for preadolescents with a history of depression.
Brief Report: Increased Inflammation and Liver Disease in HIV/HBV-Coinfected Individuals
Authors: Copeland Nathanial K. , Eller Michael A. , Kim Dohoon , Creegan Matthew , Esber Allahna , Eller Leigh Anne , Semwogerere Michael , Kibuuka Hannah , Kiweewa Francis , Crowell Trevor A. , Polyak Christina S. , Ake Julie A. 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection can accelerate morbidity and mortality, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where both infections are common. Although inflammation contributes to disease progression, more information is needed to better understand the pathology. This study compared markers of cirrhosis and inflammation in HIV/HBV-coinfected individuals compared with monoinfected and uninfected patients.

Setting:
The HIV/HBV-coinfected subjects from the Ugandan arm of the prospective African Cohort Study were selected for evaluation and matched by age and gender with HIV-monoinfected, HBV-monoinfected, and uninfected controls.

Methods:
Plasma samples were used to quantify markers of immune activation and inflammation. The FIB-4 (a simple index to predict significant liver fibrosis) score was used to estimate liver fibrosis. Demographic and laboratory characteristics were compared across the groups.

Results:
Together, 31 HIV/HBV-coinfected participants were identified and compared with 62 HIV-monoinfected, 7 HBV-monoinfected, and 62 uninfected controls. The HIV/HBV-coinfected group had generally higher levels of inflammation. Most notably, matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and fibroblast growth factor-19 levels were dysregulated among the HIV/HBV-coinfected individuals. Furthermore, the FIB-4 score was higher in the HIV/HBV-coinfected group compared with the HIV-monoinfected group and revealed that 11% of HIV/HBV-coinfected individuals had evidence of undiagnosed advanced liver disease.

Conclusions:
Differences in levels of inflammation exist between individuals with HIV/HBV coinfection compared with monoinfected and uninfected controls. A distinct signature of inflammation was associated with HIV/HBV coinfection that could reflect the mechanism of liver fibrosis and increased risk for disease progression. Finally, there may be an underappreciated amount of undiagnosed advanced liver disease in sub-Saharan Africa.
How coronavirus disease will change the face of travel medicine
Authors: Wilson Mary E. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
The current article will review how the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has changed travel and travel medicine.

Recent findings
Travelers spread severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 globally and continue to spread variants. The characteristics of the virus, the place, and time created a perfect storm that allowed the virus to quickly spread globally. The virus spread by every mode of travel with risk of transmission influenced by proximity to an infected person, duration of trip, physical characteristics of the space, and ventilation. Superspreading events were common; a small percentage of infected people accounted for most of transmission. The travel and tourist industry was devastated as lockdowns and quarantines severely restricted domestic and international travel. A trip includes multiple segments and shared sequential spaces, mostly indoors. Creating safe travel requires attention to all segments of a trip.

Summary
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has affected every part of travel and travel medicine. The rapid development of multiple safe and effective vaccines and their deployment is allowing resumption of travel, yet many populations lack access to vaccines, and high levels of transmission continue in many areas. Providing documentation of vaccination or immunity in a consistent, verifiable, interoperable system is one of many active issues.
Osseous Tumor Reporting and Data System—Multireader Validation Study
Authors: Chhabra Avneesh , Gupta Anurag , Thakur Uma , Pezeshk Parham , Dettori Nathan , Callan Alexandra , Xi Yin , Weatherall Paul 
Published: July 2021

Objective
To develop and validate an Osseous Tumor Reporting and Data System (OT-RADS) with the hypothesis that the proposed guideline is reliable and assists in separating benign from malignant osseous tumors with a good area under the curve, and that could assist further patient management.

Methods
In this multireader cross-sectional validation study, an agreement was reached for OT-RADS categories based on previously described magnetic resonance imaging features and consensus of expert musculoskeletal radiologists. World Health Organization classification was used, and a wide spectrum of benign and malignant osseous tumors was evaluated. Magnetic resonance imaging categories were as follows: OT-RADS 0—incomplete imaging; OT-RADS I—negative; OT-RADS II—definitely benign; OT-RADS III—probably benign; OT-RADS IV—suspicious for malignancy or indeterminate; OT-RADS V—highly suggestive of malignancy; and OT-RADS VI—known biopsy-proven malignancy or recurrent malignancy in the tumor bed. Four blinded readers categorized each tumor according to OT-RADS classification. Intraclass correlation (ICC) and Conger κ were used. Diagnostic performance measures including area under the receiver operating curve were reported. Osseous Tumor Reporting and Data System was dichotomized as benign (I–III) and malignant (IV and V) for calculating sensitivity and specificity.

Results
Interreader agreement for OT-RADS (ICC = 0.78) and binary distinction of benign versus malignant (κ = 0.67) were good to excellent, while agreement for individual tumor feature characteristics were poor to fair (ICC = 0.25–0.36; κ = 0.16–0.39). The sensitivities, specificities, and area under the receiver operating curve of the readers ranged from 0.93–1.0, 0.71–0.86, and 0.92–0.97, respectively.

Conclusions
Osseous Tumor Reporting and Data System lexicon is reliable and helps stratify tumors into benign and malignant categories. It can be practically used by radiologists to guide patient management, improve multidisciplinary communications, and potentially impact outcomes.
Meckel Cave: An Anatomical Study Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Tsutsumi Satoshi , Ono Hideo , Ishii Hisato 
Published: July 2021

Objective
To our knowledge, few studies have investigated anatomy of the Meckel cave with neuroimaging modalities. The present study aimed to characterize it using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Patients and Methods
Following conventional MRI examination, a total of 101 patients underwent T2-weighted imaging in thin-sliced coronal and sagittal sections, and 11 patients underwent constructive interference steady-state sequences in thin-sliced sagittal sections. Moreover, 3 injected cadaver heads were dissected.

Results
In the cadaver specimens, the size and extent of the cerebrospinal fluid-filled space between the Gasserian ganglion and surrounding arachnoids were difficult to define. On the T2-weighted imaging, the Meckel cave was delineated with variable morphologies and left-right asymmetry. On the sagittal images, the shape of the Meckel cave could be classified into 3 different types, bulbous, oval, and flat, with the oval being the most frequent that comprised 60%. Furthermore, on the sagittal constructive interference steady-state images, parts of the trigeminal nerve distributed in the Meckel cave were delineated in all patients. The ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions were clearly distinguished on both sides.

Conclusions
The Meckel cave is a structure characterized by diverse morphologies and left-right asymmetry. Thin-sliced T2-weighted imaging is useful for exploring the anatomy of the Meckel cave.
A Comparative Study of Multidetector Computed Tomography, Cone Beam Computed Tomography, and Computed Microtomography on Trabecular Bone Structures in the Human Mandible: An Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Sarmento Viviane Almeida , de Oliveira Gonzalez Thais Feitosa Leitão , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu , Novaes Marco , Borges Sirlene Mendes , Rubira-Bullen Izabel Regina Fischer 
Published: July 2021

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanners in the assessment of trabecular bone microarchitecture by radiomorphometric analysis.

Methods
Eight dry human hemimandibles were selected and scanned by 4- and 128-MSCT, CBCT with different voxel sizes, and a computed microtomography (micro-CT). The images were spatially aligned, the axial slices were segmented using CTAn software (Skyscan, Konitch, Belgium), and 10 bone morphometric parameters were quantified. The micro-CT images were the criterion standard.

Results
The results show the superiority of CBCT images with 0.2-mm voxel size and 128-MSCT.

Conclusions
We can conclude that the CBCT scanner with 0.2-mm voxel size and 128-MSCT had better performance on reproducibility of the distribution and organization of trabecular bone and marrow spaces evaluated in this study.
Cystic Hepatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Haupt Fabian , Afshar-Oromieh Ali , Obmann Verena Carola , Huber Adrian Thomas , Maurer Martin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A 70-year-old man presented with unspecific abdominal symptoms and weight loss was referred for a sonographic examination. Sonography revealed 3 cystic hepatic masses in an otherwise unremarkable liver. Contrast-enhanced MRI of the liver was performed to characterize the hepatic lesions and elucidate their etiology. The differential diagnosis was primarily parasitic disease or metastases with cystic transformations. 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT revealed the neuroendocrine origin of these lesions, confirmed by biopsy. However, the primary site of the neuroendocrine tumor remained unclear, leaving primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor and neuroendocrine cancer of unknown primary as possible diagnostic options.
Identification of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Smith Mathew V. , Yang Ming , Roarke Michael C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Acute mesenteric ischemia resulting in bowel necrosis is a surgical emergency. First identification of acute mesenteric ischemia with FDG PET/CT is uncommon, because patients with bowel ischemia are usually diagnosed by other imaging methods such as CT. Nevertheless, prompt imager recognition of the PET/CT findings of mesenteric ischemia and necrosis is critical for proper triage of the patient to potentially lifesaving interventions. We present a 39-year-old woman with portal vein thrombosis who was sent for 18F-FDG PET/CT evaluation of a suspected pancreatic head neoplasm but was unexpectedly found to have ischemic and necrotic small bowel secondary to mesenteric venous infarction.
Features of Systemic Immune Response From COVID-19 Vaccination on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Nawwar Ayah Adel , Searle Julie , Lyburn Iain Douglas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The rapid rollout of COVID-19 vaccination is accompanied by incidental findings on 18F-FDG PET/CT. Most cases describe reactive axillary lymphadenopathy. A 46-year-old woman with previous history of stage 3A breast cancer underwent follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT, which demonstrated avid left axillary nodes and intense diffuse splenic uptake and moderate diffuse bone marrow uptake. She had been administered COVID-19 vaccination in the left deltoid 1 week earlier and required hospitalization for 24 hours due to fever. Symptoms settled with supportive treatment. One month after the PET/CT scan, she remained well. Sites of uptake were taken to relate to a systemic immune response.
Patient-tailored Contrast Delivery Protocols for Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography
Authors: van den Boogert Thomas P.W. , Lopes Ricardo R. , Lobe Nick H.J. , Verwest Tim A. , Stoker Jaap , Henriques José P. , Marquering Henk A. , Planken R. Nils 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
The first objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a patient-tailored contrast delivery protocol for coronary computed tomography angiography (CTCA), in terms of diagnostic coronary attenuation and total iodine load (TIL), by adjusting the iodine delivery rate (IDR) via dilution for body weight and tube voltage (kV), as compared with a protocol with a fixed bolus of contrast in a clinical setting. The secondary objective was to assess the association between the test-bolus data and luminal attenuation in CTCA.

Materials and Methods:
Patients who underwent CTCA with fixed IDR contrast delivery (cohort 1) or with IDR adjusted for body weight and kV settings (70 to 120 kV) (cohort 2) were included, and compared for intravascular luminal attenuation and TIL. The association between intravascular luminal attenuation and test-bolus scan data was investigated with linear regression.

Results:
In cohort 1 (176 patients), the mean luminal attenuation differed markedly between kV categories, whereas in cohort 2 (154 patients), there were no marked differences. The mean TIL reduced significantly (20.1±1.2 g in cohort 1, 17.7±3.0 g in cohort 2, P<0.001). The peak height of the test-bolus scan was independently associated with luminal attenuation in the ascending aorta, with a 0.58 HU increase per HU peak-height increase (SE=0.18, P<0.001).

Conclusion:
Clinical implementation of a patient-tailored contrast delivery protocol for CTCA, adjusted for body weight and kV, improves luminal attenuation and significantly reduces the TIL. The peak height of the test-bolus scan is associated with luminal attenuation in the ascending aorta in the CTCA scan.
Heterotopic Ossification in Burn Patients
Authors: Sun Yi , Lin Yuzhe , Chen Zenggan , Breland Andrew , Lineaweaver William C. , Zhang Feng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a known complication of burns. The incidence of this complication is low. The etiology is unclear, but experiment conducted about HO can be significant. Currently, there are still no targeted, effective preventive and therapeutic measures against it. In this study, the relevant literature is summarized to demonstrate the potential pathogenic mechanisms, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment measures of HO in burn patients. Early diagnosis and treatment can be effective in improving the prognosis of patients.
Risk Factors of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Taiwan
Authors: Yang Cristhiam , Chen Hsin-Hung , Lee Min-Chao , Kao Huang-Kai , Lin Yu-Te , Chen Chien-Tzung , Chang Chee-Jen , Tsai Chia-Hsuan 
Published: July 2021

Background
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), 1 of the most common peripheral neuropathies of the upper extremity, has been studied for decades regarding its epidemiology and associated medical conditions. We conducted a large-scale, age- and gender-matched study from an Asian population database to investigate the relationship between the incidence and the demographic characteristics.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study using data of National Health Insurance Research Database was conducted. One million enrollees in Taiwan was used to identify 9442 patients with CTS and 37,768 randomly selected controls, in a control-case ratio of 4:1. Diagnoses of CTS were ascertained from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2012. Sociodemographic and medical characteristics were evaluated to assess the correlation with CTS.

Results
Annual incidence of CTS was approximately 0.4% during the 10-year-period in Taiwan, with higher incidence rate in female sex and middle age of group (50–59 years). Among the medical conditions, previous wrist injuries, obesity, gout, and rheumatoid arthritis were associated with CTS most significantly.

Conclusions
Carpal tunnel syndrome has presented a relatively constant incidence in Taiwan. Female gender with middle age seemed to have the highest incident rate during a 10-year period from 2003 to 2012. Among the risk factors of CTS, previous wrist injuries, obesity, gout, and rheumatoid arthritis were demonstrated to be the most significantly correlated comorbidities.
Transconjunctival Surgical Access With Modified Aesthetic Lateral Canthotomy
Authors: Shinohara Elio Hitoshi , Gaujac Cristiano , Pedron Irineu Gregnanin , Salles Marcos Barbosa , Horikawa Fernando Kendi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Displaced fractures of the zygomatic bone that require surgical treatment are accessed transcutaneously but these accesses to the skin can cause a hypertrophy scar in patients with this predisposition. This paper indicates a modification in the lateral canthotomy that aim to minimize the hypertrophic scar in the treatment of zygomatic fracture.
The Impact of the Informed Consent Process on the Anxiety Levels of Patients Undergoing Rhinoplasty
Authors: Aysel Abdulhalim , Uz Uzdan , Karatan Berrak , Aydin Enes , Erdoğan Esin , Yilmaz Fatih , Müderris Togay 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Septorhinoplasty is one of the most common elective surgical procedures in otolaryngology. The present study aimed to evaluate the anxiety levels of patients who underwent septorhinoplasty at different times, compare the information methods, and determine the understanding of the informed consent through recall rates of the complications explained in the informed consent process. The patients were divided into the following 2 groups: Group 1 (giving information 14 days before the surgery) and Group 2 (giving information 3 days before the surgery). For the preoperative anxiety measurement, the State anxiety scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used. All patients were asked to recall the complications they remembered from the consent form on the day before the surgery. Each group has consisted of 25 patients. No significant difference was found between the STAI-1 and STAI-2a anxiety scores between groups. In Group 1, the STAI-2b anxiety score was significantly lower than the STAI-1 and STAI-2a scores (P < 0.05). In Group 2, the mean score of STAI-2b was not significantly higher than the STAI-1 and STAI-2 scores (P > 0.05). When the STAI-2b scores of the two groups were compared, the scores of Group 2 were significantly higher (P < 0.05). The most commonly remembered complications were bruising and swelling in both of the groups. In conclusion, the authors believe that long-term cooperation between the surgical team and the patient will reduce the anxiety levels of the patients and increase patients’ satisfaction, resulting in a significant reduction in the amount of potential legal processes.
Level of Evidence: 2
Huge Fenestration of the Vertebral Artery and Fenestrated Basilar Artery
Authors: Rădoi Petrinel Mugurel , Rusu Mugurel Constantin , Mincă Dragoş-Ionuţ , Toader Corneliu 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Fenestrations, such as those of the vertebral artery (VA), are generally regarded as arterial slits. To the authors’ knowledge, large fenestrations of the VA were reported twice previously, those morphological patterns being different. We hereby report a third pattern of such large fenestration of the VA.

Methods:
It was found serendipitously on the computed tomography angiograms of a 63 year-old male which were documented retrospectively.

Results:
The findings were as follows:

Conclusions:
Large fenestrations of the VA could result if, during embryogenesis, the proximal segment of the lateral basivertebral anastomosis and the distal segment of the proatlantal artery persist. Large fenestrations of the VA bring into a narrow neurosurgical field an additional arterial trunk that should be carefully documented preoperatively in order to avoid hemorrhagic events.