bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between test anxiety, self-regulation and strategies for coping with stress, in professional examination candidates
Authors: Amate Romera Jorge , De la Fuente Jesús 
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue establecer relaciones de asociación, interdependencia y predicción estructural entre las variables ansiedad evaluativa, authorregulación y estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés. El marco teórico de referencia fue el modelo de la competencia de Studying, Learning, and Performing under Stress (SLPS). Participaron 142 estudiantes, que se estaban preparando en academias de Almería (España) para obtener plaza como maestros en centros públicos. Para la recogida de datos se administraron cuestionarios escritos previamente validados. El diseño fue ex post-facto lineal, con análisis de asociación bivariada, inferenciales (ANOVAs y MANOVAs) y de predicción estructural. Los resultados mostraron una relación negativa entre la ansiedad evaluativa y la autorregulación, especialmente en los estudiantes con alta emocionalidad, con un impacto negativo para la toma de decisiones. También se encontraron relaciones positivas entre la ansiedad evaluativa y las estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés. Por último, se constató la relación de predicción positiva entre la autorregulación y las estrategias de afrontamiento, a la vez que los análisis asociativos e inferenciales destacaron el papel de las metas como determinantes de las estrategias usadas para afrontar el estrés, especialmente, las referidas a la focalización en la resolución de problemas. Se discuten los resultados y se establecen implicaciones para las mejoras de estos procesos en los estudiantes opositores.
The research objective was to establish relationships of association, interdependence and structural prediction between the variables of test anxiety, self-regulation and stress coping strategies. The theoretical framework of reference was the Studying, Learning and Performing under Stress (SLPS) Competency Model. Participating were 142 students who were preparing for professional examinations to attain a post as public school teacher (primary education), enrolled at academies in Almería (Spain) for this purpose. Previously validated questionnaires were administered for data collection. The study design was linear ex post-facto, with bivariate, inferential analyses of association (ANOVAs and MANOVAs) and of structural prediction. Results showed a negative relationship between test anxiety self-regulation, especially in students with high emotionality, and a negative impact on decision making. Positive relationships were found between test anxiety and strategies for coping with stress. Finally, a positive predictive relationship was verified between self-regulation and coping strategies, while associative and inferential analyses highlighted the role of goals as determining factors in strategies used for coping with stress, especially strategies that focus on problem solving. Results are discussed and implications for improving these processes in professional examination candidates are established.
Acceptance of ambivalent sexism in trainee teachers in Spain and Latin America countries
Authors: Bonilla-Algovia Enrique 
Published: April 2021

El sexismo ambivalente es un constructo multidimensional compuesto por dos componentes: el sexismo hostil y el sexismo benévolo. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar la aceptación de las actitudes sexistas ambivalentes en una muestra de futuros y futuras docentes de España y Latinoamérica. En la investigación participaron 2798 docentes en formación con una edad media de 22.62 años (DE = 6.23) que residían en siete países: España, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Colombia, Chile, Argentina y México. Los resultados muestran que las actitudes sexistas están presentes, con diferentes grados de aceptación, en el profesorado en formación de todos los países. La aceptación del sexismo varía significativamente entre hombres y mujeres y entre los países de la muestra. Parece existir una relación entre los niveles de sexismo y los índices de desigualdad de género y desarrollo humano. Las actitudes sexistas del profesorado pueden transmitirse a través del sistema educativo y de los procesos de socialización, por lo que es fundamental incluir la perspectiva de género en los planes de formación inicial y continua del profesorado.
Ambivalent sexism is a multidimensional construct composed of two elements: hostile sexism and benevolent sexism. The main aim of this study is to analyse the acceptance of ambivalent sexist attitudes in a sample of future teachers from Spain and Latin America. The sample is composed of 2798 trainee teachers, and their mean age is 22.62 years (SD = 6.23), they were residing in seven countries: Spain, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Colombia, Chile, Argentina and Mexico. The results show that ambivalent sexist attitudes existed ‒­to a varying degree‒ in future teachers of every country. The assumption of sexism varies significantly between men and women and among countries. There seems to be a relationship between levels of sexism with indices of gender inequality and human development. Sexist attitudes of teachers can be transmitted through the education system and the socialization process, so including gender issues in initial and in-service teacher training plans is essential.
Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 Causing Diarrhoea in Children at District Khairpur
Authors: Jatoi Samina , Lal Sham , Kumar Pardeep , Ansari Abdul Majid , Ujjan Safdar Ali , Sapna . , Ahmed Zuheeb , Maitlo Marvi , Parkash Om 
Published: April 2021

Aim: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, levels of antimicrobial susceptibility and extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production by Escherichia coli O157: H7.
Methodology: A cross sectional study was performed and a total of 116 stool samples were collected from children aged ≤ 5 years presenting diarrhoea from hospital located at district Khairpur. E. coli O157: H7 was isolated on Sorbitol MacConkey agar and isolates were initially characterized by Gram staining. Subsequently biochemical characteristics except oxidase test (which was performed manually) and drug sensitivity test was performed by using Automated MicroScan® walkaway machine. ESBL production by isolates was determined by disc diffusion method as per Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.
Results: Out of 116 diarrheal samples tested, 16 (13.79%) samples were positive for E. coli O157:H7. High number of E. coli O157: H7 were isolated from children aged up to 1 year followed by 2-3 years aged. Isolates were frequently found in summer season (12 times) followed by winter (3 times) and Autumn (1 time). The isolates were found 100% resistant against Nalidixic acid, Imipenem, Amoxycillin /Clavulanic Acid, Norfloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Vancomycin, Doxycycline, and Ampicillin and 90% resistant to Cifixime. ESBL production was noted in 12 (75%) out of 16 E. coli O157:H7 isolates as confirmed by CLSI protocol.
Conclusion: This study revealed that E. coli O157: H7 should be considered as major pathogenic bacterium causing diarrhea in children less than three years. The prevalence of ESBL producer MDR E. coli O157: H7 is of great concern, which requires monitoring of infection control measures through efficient antimicrobial management to ensure an uncompromised public health.
Crestal Bone Loss: Causes and Medical Correction
Authors: Shogenov Anatoly Mukhamedovich , Bakhova Milana Arturovna , Abazova Zarema Kerimovna , Bereketova Milana Aslanovna , Magomadova Malika Tagirovna 
Published: April 2021

To maintain the long-term stability of the implant, it is important to minimize the loss of bone tissue around the implant. Several clinical studies have shown that the average loss of the crestal bone around the implants is 1.5-2%. mm during the first year after prosthetics has been done. In this article, the author suggests a number of hypotheses related to the loss of crestal bone. He comes to the conclusion that stress and overstrain are the main factors that lead to the loss of crestal bone during the first year of implant functioning.
The author notes that in the hypotheses presented in the article there are causes that can influence the loss of bone around the implant in one way or another. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out the appropriate medical correction of the oral cavity through antibiotic therapy and anti-inflammatory drugs, which will also prevent the process of losing the crestal bone.
Study of Malondialdehyde Level and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Patients Suffering from Malaria
Authors: Prabhu Shalaka , Patharkar Sachin A. , Patil Neelam J. , Nerurkar Alka V. , Shinde Umesh R. , Shinde Kalpana U. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Malaria is one of the most common Parasitic infection prevalent worldwide especially in India, South Asia and Africa. About 250 million cases and approximately One million deaths of malaria reported per year worldwide. Oxidative stress (O.S.) has been implicated as possible mediator of thrombocytopenia in malarial patients. All eukaryotic cells, specially immune effector cells generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) as a mean to combat invading microbes i.e. via the ' Oxidative burst', which increases the oxidative burden on the microbe to lethal levels. An excess of ROS such as superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radicals and /or RNS, such as nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) creates a potentially dangerous situation known as oxidative or nitrosative stress respectively.
Aim: Present study aims to study the status of serum Malondialdehyde and Glutathione Peroxidase activity in hemolysate among the patients with Malaria.
Materials and Methods: This is cross-sectional observational study on 200 non-treated malaria patients, compared with 100 normal individuals. Out of total 200 malaria patients 96 were plasmodium (P) vivax & 104 were P falciparum diagnosed cases.
Results: Mean MDA level in the P. Vivax malaria cases was 12.29 + 0.32 micromole/L which was found to be higher compared to the controls with mean MDA level is 6.55+ 0.24 micromole/L, whereas the mean MDA level in P. Falciparum malaria cases was 13.5+ 0.18 micromole/L which was higher compared to the controls with mean MDA level of 6.55+ 0.24 micromole/L.
Conclusion: The present study on malaria explains the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of malaria which is a multifactorial phenomenon and represents an important aspect of the intricate and complex host- parasite relationship. Oxidative stress is aggravated by reduced effectiveness of the antioxidant defence system; hence it is advised to provide antioxidant supplements through diet that can reduce the disease severity and risk of death during infection.
Crystallization behavior and isothermal crystallization kinetics of polylactide/polystyrene‐b‐polybutadiene‐b‐polystyrene blends compatibilized with poly(styrene‐ran‐methyl acrylate)
Authors: Wu Shouang , Wang Bocheng , Xu Xiaoling , Wu Chonggang , Hu Tao , Zheng Xuan , Gong Xinghou 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe morphology, non‐isothermal and isothermal crystallization behavior, and spherulite growth of polylactide (PLA)/polystyrene‐b‐polybutadiene‐b‐polystyrene (SBS) blends were investigated in the presence of a poly(styrene‐ran‐methyl acrylate) (S–MA) compatibilizer synthesized using surfactant‐free emulsion copolymerization. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the SBS dispersed‐phase became more uniform and refined as the amount of S–MA compatibilizer was increased from 0 to 3 wt%. Calorimetric characterization of the non‐isothermal and isothermal crystallization behavior analyzed using Avrami theory shows that the SBS in PLA shows plasticization and dilution effects simultaneously. When the PLA matrix chains do not move easily and/or its effective crystallization time window is narrow, the plasticization effect of the SBS is more significant. However, when the PLA matrix chains move more easily and/or its crsytallization window is wide, the dilution effects effect of the SBS is more notable. After the addition of S–MA, the plasticization and dilution effects were enhanced.
Improving ethanol production by studying the effect of pH using a modified metabolic model and a systemic approach
Authors: Ghaffarinasab Sajjad , Motamedian Ehsan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractpH is an important factor affecting the growth and production of microorganisms; especially, its effect on ethanologenic microorganisms. It can change the ionization state of metabolites via the change in the charge of their functional groups that may lead to metabolic alteration. Here, we estimated the ionization state of metabolites and balanced the charge of reactions in genome‐scale metabolic models of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, and Zymomonas mobilis at pH levels 5, 6, and 7. The robustness analysis was first implemented to anticipate the effect of proton exchange flux on growth rates for the constructed metabolic models at various pH. In accordance with previous experimental reports, the models predict that Z. mobilis is more sensitive to pH rather than S. cerevisiae and the yeast is more regulated by pH rather than E. coli. Then, a systemic approach was proposed to predict the pH effect on metabolic change and to find effective reactions on ethanol production in S. cerevisiae. The correlated reactions with ethanol production at predicted optimal pH in a range of proton exchange rates determined by robustness analysis were identified using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Then, fluxes of these reactions were applied to cluster the various pHs by principal component analysis and to identify the role of these reactions on metabolic differentiation because of pH change. Finally, 12 reactions were selected for up and downregulation to improve ethanol production. Enzyme regulators of the selected reactions were identified using the BRENDA database and 11 selected regulators were screened and optimized via Plackett–Burman and two‐level full factorial designs, respectively. The proposed approach has enhanced yields of ethanol from 0.18 to 0.36 mol/mol carbon. Hence, not only a comprehensive approach for understanding the effect of pH on metabolism was proposed in this study, but also it successfully introduced key manipulations for ethanol overproduction.
Next generation of chemistry and biochemistry conference posters: Animation, augmented reality, visitor statistics, and visitors' attention
Authors: Faridi Ehsan , Ghaderian Abolfazl , Honarasa Fatemeh , Shafie Arefeh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEvery branch of science needs visitors' attention during the poster presentation session at conferences, symposiums, seminars, etc. In particular, participants in the chemistry and biochemistry conference need more visual tools to explain their research work in detail. Presence of smartphones and the ability of 2D barcodes will allow chemical reactions or processes to be shown in the form of a movie, animation or augmented reality (AR). Therefore, the next generation of posters will be more interested in this view. Here, the ability of 2D barcodes or QR codes to help researchers to catch more attention in their research work was presented during a poster presentation session. In this way, the visitors showed positive attitudes to the applicability of such tools. Also, some information including the number of poster visitors and interesting topics in the conference can be collected easily which is useful for the scientific and organizing committee of conferences. As a result, biochemistry conference posters can be presented in new ways, based on animation images or video, to capture the attention of viewers and deepen their understanding of poster concepts.
Atroposelective Construction of Axially Chiral Alkene‐Indole Scaffolds via Catalytic Enantioselective Addition Reaction of 3‐Alkynyl‐2‐indolylmethanols†
Authors: Wang Jing‐Yi , Sun Meng , Yu Xian‐Yang , Zhang Yu‐Chen , Tan Wei , Shi Feng 
Published: April 2021

Main observation and conclusionAtroposelective construction of axially chiral alkene‐heteroaryl scaffolds is highly desired but challenging. In this work, we established an atroposelective construction of axially chiral alkene‐indole scaffolds via the strategy of catalytic enantioselective addition reaction of 3‐alkynyl‐2‐indolylmethanols with bulky nucleophiles. In this strategy, α‐amido sulfones were used as competent nucleophiles and chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) acted as suitable chiral catalyst for this addition reaction. By this strategy, a new class of axially chiral acyclic alkene‐indoles was synthesized in overall high yields (up to 86%), excellent (E/Z)‐selectivity (all > 95 : 5) and good enantioselectivities (up to 92 : 8 er). This reaction represents the first catalytic enantioselective construction of axially chiral alkene‐indole frameworks, which will add a new member to the family of atropoisomeric heterocycles, especially the family of axially chiral indole compounds.
Association between obesity and neurocognitive function in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated only with chemotherapy
Authors: Iijima Mayuko , Liu Wei , Panetta John C. , Hudson Melissa M. , Pui Ching‐Hon , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Krull Kevin R. , Inaba Hiroto 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundNeurocognitive impairment and obesity are common adverse sequelae in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); however, the association has not been investigated.MethodsNeurocognitive function was evaluated once in survivors of ALL who were at least 8 years old and 5 years from their diagnosis. In a cross‐sectional analysis, the associations with the body mass index (BMI) category and Z score were examined. A longitudinal analysis used the overweight/obesity area under the curve (AUC), which was determined via the trapezoidal rule by a sum of the integrals defined by the BMI Z score at each time point and the time intervals of the BMI measurement.ResultsFor 210 survivors, the median BMI Z score at diagnosis was 0.17, which increased to 0.54 at the end of induction and to 0.74 at the neurocognitive assessment. In the cross‐sectional analysis, overweight/obese survivors scored significantly lower than others on the measures of executive function (cognitive flexibility, planning, verbal fluency, working memory, and spatial construction; all P < .05), attention (attention span and risk taking; all P < .05), and processing speed (visual motor coordination, visual speed, and motor speed; all P < .05). In the longitudinal analysis, when the treatment period was subdivided into 4 time periods (induction, consolidation, early maintenance, and late maintenance), a greater overweight/obesity AUC during induction therapy was associated with worse cognitive flexibility (P = .01) and slower motor speed (P = .02), which persisted throughout the treatment.ConclusionsOverweight/obesity was significantly associated with neurocognitive impairment during long‐term follow‐up, and this association started early in treatment for ALL. Novel early interventions to provide cognitive training and prevent weight gain are required for patients at risk.
No interplay between gut microbiota composition and the lipopolysaccharide‐induced innate immune response in humans in vivo
Authors: Habes Quirine LM , Konstanti Prokopis , Kiers Harmke D , Koch Rebecca M , Stolk Roeland F , Belzer Clara , Kox Matthijs , Pickkers Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveAnimal studies have demonstrated the extensive interplay between the gut microbiota and immunity. Moreover, in critically ill patients, who almost invariably suffer from a pronounced immune response, a shift in gut microbiota composition is associated with infectious complications and mortality. We examined the relationship between interindividual differences in gut microbiota composition and variation in the in vivo cytokine response induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Furthermore, we evaluated whether an LPS challenge alters the composition of the gut microbiota.MethodsHealthy male volunteers received an intravenous bolus of 2 ng kg−1 LPS (n = 70) or placebo (n = 8). Serial plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐10 were measured, and subjects were divided into high and low cytokine responders. Gut microbiota composition was determined using 16s RNA gene sequencing of faecal samples obtained 1 day before (baseline) and 1 day and 7 days following the LPS challenge.ResultsBaseline microbiota composition, analysed by principal coordinate analysis and random forest analysis, did not differ between high and low responders for any of the four measured cytokines. Furthermore, baseline microbiota diversity (Shannon and Chao indices) was similar in high and low responders. No changes in microbiota composition or diversity were observed at 1 and 7 days following the LPS challenge.ConclusionOur results indicate that existing variation in gut microbiota composition does not explain the observed variability in the LPS‐induced innate immune response. These findings strongly argue against the interplay between the gut microbiota composition and the innate immune response in humans.
Detection of Chronic Hypoventilation Among Infants With Robin Sequence Using Capillary Blood Gas Sampling
Authors: Kwan James T. , Ebert Bridget E. , Roby Brianne B. , Scott Andrew R. 
Published: April 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo describe the use of capillary blood gas (CBG) sampling to detect and quantify hypoventilation in infants with Robin sequence (RS).MethodsCase series with chart review at two institutions. Infants with RS presenting over a 10‐year period were identified using departmental databases. CBG values obtained during infancy or until airway intervention (AI) were reviewed.ResultsFrom 2008 to 2018, 111 infants with RS were identified as having had been assessed and managed from birth or transfer until discharge home and having CBG data available. In most cases, CBG sampling was obtained every other day until intervention or discharge. A total of 81 (73%) infants required AI: 72 (89%) underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis, five (6%) underwent tracheotomy, and four (5%) were discharged home with a nasopharyngeal airway. The mean PCO2 at day of life (DOL) 7–30 for the AI group was 52.7 mmHg (95% confidence interval: 51.7–53.7) and for the no AI group was 45.9 mmHg (44.8–47.0; P < .0001). The mean HCO3 at DOL 7–30 for the AI group was 29.8 mEq/L (29.4–30.1) and for the no AI group was 27.0 mEq/L (26.5–27.4; P < .0001). Receiver operating characteristic curves were created for maximum PCO2 and HCO3 values and cutoffs were established by optimizing a balance of sensitivity and specificity. Infants requiring AI surpassed the PCO2 and HCO3 cutoff at a median of DOL 9.ConclusionsAmong infants with RS and hypoventilation, objective measures of respiratory acidosis may be apparent by DOL 9.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2789–2794, 2021