bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study on Degradability Characteristics of Evaporitic and Carbonate Rocks from Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Arman Hasan , Abu Saima Mahmoud , Abdelghany Osman , Paramban Safwan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The slake durability index (SDI) test is a well know and extensively used to measure the degradability behaviour of rocks especially for weak rocks like mudstone, shale, evaporites, carbonates, etc. The degradability of rocks plays a critical role in engineering design process either on or in the rock mass for safe and sustainable structures. Evaporitic and carbonate rocks are vulnerable to physical, chemical and mechanical weathering, break down, as result of wetting-drying processes during the SDI test. Evaporites and carbonates are outcropped at the surface and subsurface of the Al Ain city, which is located on the south-eastern of Abu Dhabi, capital city of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) at various level, and it is one of the rapid growing cities in the UAE. However, the detailed comparative data on the slaking behaviour of evaporites and carbonates are not available presently in the study area. Therefore, this paper provides a comparative study on the degradability characteristics of evaporitic and carbonate rocks in the city of Al Ain as well as comprehensive data for the study area. 142 rock blocks (∼ 40×40×40 cm3 in size), which represent evaporitic (48 blocks) and carbonate (94 blocks) rocks were collected from various accessible either surfaces outcrops or excavated areas from the study area. 48 and 94 slake durability test samples of evaporites and carbonates were prepared and slake durability tests were performed according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. Furthermore, their compositional and textural characteristics were examined using polarized-light microscope, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The degradability data for evaporite and carbonate rocks designate medium to very low and extremely high to very high values based on the classification after multiple cycling, Id1 to Id4, processes, respectively. The weight loss values from the first to the fourth cycles (Id1–Id4) of evaporite and carbonate samples are approximately 24–95 and 0.68-4.22 wt%. Obviously, evaporites are highly vulnerable compare to carbonates because of their differences in chemical and mineralogical structures and their reactions to the slaking fluid of distilled water. Hydration-dehydration effects on the evaporitic rocks may occur within short time compare to the carbonate rocks due to their natural occurrences. Thus, this study provide comparable and details information for the degradability characteristics of evaporitic and carbonate rocks, and likely improve the understanding of the durability of both rock types in the study area and elsewhere. Especially, such a reliable and inclusive information will compromise a practical guideline for engineers and decision makers to overcome difficulties on durability problems associated with evaporites and carbonates in the study area and elsewhere.
Marine Debris Tracking from River Discharge base on Hydrodynamic Simulation on Jakarta Bay
Authors: Diastomo H , Surya M Y , Sakti A D , Agustina E , Trismadi  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Marine debris pollution is one of biggest problem that occurs in coastal city in Indonesia without exception Jakarta. Those marine debris increase with the addition of the Jakarta population. The main source of marine debris came from 13 rivers that flow into Jakarta Bay. Estimated that around 487 tons/day plastic debris that mismanaged potentially flows into the rivers and ended into the Jakarta Bay. Tidal forcing and current mainly affect the hydrodynamic condition in Jakarta Bay that drive the marine debris spread out from river estuary. The marine debris movement follow the hydrodynamic pattern due to the nature of floating marine debris. The proposed Giant Sea Wall in Jakarta Bay also affected in hydrodynamic condition in Jakarta Bay. As a result, the movement pattern of the marine debris influenced due to complex hydrodynamic condition in Jakarta Bay.
Subsurface Ocean Characteristic in the Mentawai Waters during Monsoon Transition Phase on Last 2020
Authors: Hamonangan J S , Anwar IP , Irfan M , Moefti O , Rolian D L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Indonesia Continental Shelf (LKI) expedition was held during September - October 2020. During the survey, there were ten Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) measurement stations that located extending from the west of Mentawai Island to the Indian Ocean. In this study, two-line of subsurface temperature, salinity, and density data were plotted longitudinally. The results show the unique feature between the open ocean and coastal area, the characteristic from open ocean did not affect the characteristic in coastal zone, it is shown from the salinity data. The maximum salinity found in the thermocline layer, between 100-150 m in both of line. The salinity increases from the surface until the thermocline, then slightly decreases to the deep layer. The surface salinity in the coastal area significantly different from the open ocean, it is less than 34 PSU. That is the fact that Wyrtki Jet current did not induce the open ocean water to the coastal water in the subsurface. Otherwise, the temperature and density have a similar pattern with range values around 9-31°C.
Coastal Inundation and Land Subsidence in North Coast of West Java: A New Hazard?
Authors: Solihuddin T , Husrin S , Mustikasari E , Heriati A , Kepel T L , Salim H L , Risandi J , Dwiyanti D 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe North Coasts of West Java are increasingly affected by human activities. The area has been utilized as settlement areas, industrial estates, and associated infrastructures including roads, school, hospital, market, etc. Consequently, this massive landuse and uncontrolled natural resources extraction have contributed to environmental degradation such as coastal erosion, accretion, pollution, inundation, and land subsidence. To date, we have so far very few field measurement data of land subsidence to support its importance. However, satellite image and on-ground observations used to determine spatio-temporal changes in the shoreline and area of inundation indicated the existence of land subsidence. Groundtruth data on selected areas also indicated the indicators of land subsidence such as damages of infrastructures including houses, roads, and sea dikes. The most noticeable shoreline changes in the North Coast of West Java are situated in Muara Gembong Bekasi and Legon Kulon Subang constituting maximum rates of shoreline retreat up to 200 and 150 m/year respectively for the last two decades (from 2000 to 2020). Whilst, the total areas of inundation in Muara Gembong and Legon Kulon based on recent satellite studies are 10.2 km2and 7.4 km2respectively. Coastal inundation might be linked to the combination of long-term behavior of oceanographic variables such as wave and sea level, in coincidence with hydrological changes due to river works (i.e. dam constructions and channellings) and an increase of settlement areas, fish ponds, groundwater extraction, etc. A set of preliminary engineering measures, in conjunction with sediment managing schemes, is proposed for the sustainable development of the coastal zone.
Mangrove Ecosystem Development on North Coast of Java
Authors: Heriati A , Solihuddin T , Husrin S , Salim H L , Mustikasari E , Kepel T L , Ati R N A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The condition of northern coast of Java is in a high risk due to human activities (fishing, agriculture, industry, settlement, tourism, and transportation). Mangrove ecosystem has an ability to protect the coastal area and it can be used also as a mangrove-based tourism area. The development of ecotourism must be able to truly keep up its principles in maintaining environmental sustainability, providing benefits to community and containing education for the visitors and maintaining local wisdom. However, the development of ecotourism itself still encounters various obstacles in its implementation. The objectives of this study are to analyze the condition and management between 5 different mangrove-based tourism ecotourism locations namely Jembatan Pelangi (Banten), Karangsong and Sumber Mas (Indramayu), Pandansari (Brebes) and Tunggulsari (Pati). Descriptive analysis was conducted based on in-depth interviews with managers, communities and local governments. Several recommendations as a result of this study given to improve some infrastructure and waste management to be more environmentally friendly, a working group supported by local governments should be taken into account for facilitating coordination both local governments and central government so that the ecotourism area can be properly promoted.
Overview of Existing Waste Processing Techniques in Small Islands of Pulo Aceh, Seribu, Karimunjawa and Wakatobi
Authors: Rahmania R , Kusumaningrum P D , Chandra H , Sianturi D S A , Firdaus Y , Akhwady R , Sufyan A , Hatori C A , Indriasari V Y , Triwibowo H , Marzuki M I , Hartono D R B , Febri S P , Arifudin L O 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Indonesia is an archipelagic country with more than 17,000 islands scattered across the country. Unique ecosystems, such as mangrove and coral reefs that have a very important ecological function, can be found in coastal area along with highly diverse species. Coastal area is also place for many major cities, while small islands became tourist destination. Human activities in these areas have generated pressure to the coastal resources and environment sustainability, (e.g.: the emerging unmanaged waste in major cities and tourist destination, which leaked to the ocean, then drifted, dispersed, and stranded in other shores). This study aims to identify various waste management practices in selected sites of small islands (e.g.: Pulo Aceh, Seribu, Karimunjawa, Wakatobi), where they have limited resources to managed waste. The result indicated that waste management practices in each place are vary, adjusted with their specific condition (e.g.: total population, daily waste generation, and availability of waste processing technology). Local community have adopted number of techniques to manage domestic waste, as well as stranded marine debris in their island. Based on the field observation, the key success factors of waste management in small islands will depend on the involvement of local community, good collaboration among stakeholders, also output of waste processing practice should bring direct and indirect benefit for the society, low-cost, and eco-friendly.
The relationship between Oceanographic Parameters and Fish Larvae Dispersal in the Fisheries Management Area of the Republic Indonesia (FMA) 717
Authors: Restiangsih Y H , Radjawane I M , Mamun A , Kembaren D , Nurdin E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cendrawasih Bay and the Pacific Ocean are known as potential fishing areas and as fish spawning locations in Fisheries Management Area 717. Larval dispersal in the waters is strongly influenced by oceanographic parameters. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between oceanographic parameters and fish larval dispersal in FMA 717. This research was conducted using KR Bawal Putih III in November 2019. A number of 42 stations were determined for observation. Environmental parameters included temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a, turbidity, and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), were measured using SBE 19 plus V2 CTD while pelagic fish larvae were collected using a bonggo net. Analysis of the correlation of oceanographic parameters with pelagic fish larvae abundance and spatial distribution was calculated using PCA (Principal Component Analysis) statistical analysis. The results showed that the pelagic fish larvae was influenced by temperature, salinity, PAR, chlorophyll-a, turbidity, and DO. Temperature and salinity have a direct interaction to the abundance of pelagic fish larvae.
The Seaweed Information System (SIRULA): A Preliminary Concept and Integrated Design
Authors: Kusumaningrum P D , Setyawidati N A R , C Kusuma L P A Savitri , Rahmania R , Chandra H , Sianturi D S A , Firdaus Y , Sufyan A , Dillenia I 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSeaweed is one of the fisheries commodities, which has been proven to improve the household income of coastal and small island communities in Indonesia for the last two decades. The global need for seaweed is rising, since it is used as a raw material for many industries, i.e.: food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, livestock feed, and fertilizers. These factors have encouraged the Government of Indonesia to increase the quantity and quality of seaweed commodities until it reaches a strategic position in the fisheries sector. One of the efforts in enhancing the data and information reliability, which will support all business actors from upstream to downstream; to accelerate the industrialization and production, resource sustainability, and improving the welfare of coastal and small island communities. This paper aims to provide an overview of the concept and design of seaweed information systems, based on the principles of traceability, sustainability, production process improvement, and system integration. It is expected that business actors, resources managers, and policymakers will take advantage of information system, where reliable data and information can be accessed easily in real-time.
Tracking the Stranded Area of Marine Debris in Indonesian coasts by using Floating Drifter
Authors: Rizal A , Gautama B G , Pranowo W S , Farhan A R , Siong K , Harjono M R , Voisin J B , Maes C , Dobler D , Berlianty D , Priyono B , Dufau C , Lucas M , Fauny O , Rahmania R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Plastic litter had become world major concerned since 2015 and Indonesia had been placed as the second contributor after China. Around 200,000 metric tons of plastic wastes discharged from Indonesia rivers mainly from Java and Sumatra Islands every year. This surge of waste then become a serious threat to ocean and coastal ecosystem, as well as marine biota conservation in Indonesia. Therefore, it is very important to study the seasonal pattern of marine debris and monitor the dispersion within Indonesian water in near real time. By year 2020, an initiative action has been taken by The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia. More than 20 drifters were released on 3 selected rivers’ mouth in Indonesia namely Cisadane, Bengawan Solo and Musi. Results indicated that marine debris are drifted away, influenced by wind and current from time to time. The simulation will forecast the time and location where the marine debris expected to traverse and stranded in each season. This information will be ve ry important to provide the baseline information of marine debris movement, locally and even beyond of Indonesian. Also, it will improve the mitigation, better coordinative action plan and encouraging further marine debris research in Indonesia.
A numerical study of submarine–landslide–generated tsunami and its propagation in Majene, West Sulawesi
Authors: Khoirunnisa H , Karima S , Gumbira G , Rachman R A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
On 14th January 2021, there was a devastating earthquake (Mw 6.2) hit Mamuju and Majene, West Sulawesi, Indonesia at 18.28 UTC. According to National Disaster Management Authority, this event causes 84 casualties and 279 houses were damaged. The Sulawesi Island is situated in a very complex tectonic region, there are several thrusts and faults along the area such as Majene Thrust, Palu-Karo Thrust, Matano Fault, and Tolo Thrust that can lead to tectonic activities. One of the largest earthquakes was a 7.9 Mw in 1997 generated from North Sulawesi Megathrust that caused a catastrophic tsunami. Moreover, there were 9 tsunami events in the Makassar Strait from the year 1800 to 1999. In this research, three different scenarios of the tsunami in Majene were applied to obtain the tsunami elevation. Makassar Strait could be potentially generated tsunami wave from submarine landslides due to its steep bathymetry that will impact the coastline at Sulawesi and Kalimantan, so it is necessary to model the tsunami propagation using submarine landslide as the tsunami generation. The volume of submarine landslide had been used in tsunami submarine landslide modelling as an input. Those are included the height, width and length of the submarine landslide volume. Furthermore, the domain bathymetry was obtained from National Bathymetry (BatNas) with spacing grid of 300 m × 300 m. The submarine landslide coordinate is also needed as a source of tsunami at 2.98°S and 118.94°E. The slide angle and slope angle are also inputted in this modelling with three experimental volumes, namely 1 km3, 0.8 km3, and 0.5 km3. This submarine landslide tsunami modelling used the Non-Hydrostatic WAVE Model (NHWAVE) method to obtain tsunami wave generation. The result from NHWAVE model will be used for initial elevation of tsunami wave propagation using the Fully Nonlinear Boussinesq wave model - Total Variation Diminishing (FUNWAVE - TVD) method. The highest initial tsunami elevation value at each observation point obtained from the NHWAVE model occurred at point 18 (the closest location to the earthquake source), which is around 0.4 –1.2 m. The FUNWAVE simulation result is the tsunami wave propagation for 180 minutes later. In the 180th minute, the tsunami wave was still propagating towards the north of Sulawesi Island to the east of Kalimantan Island.
Mapping the abrasion on Sederhana Beach, Muara Gembong, Bekasi, West Java province for the coastal mitigation purpose
Authors: Prabawa F Y , Purbani D , Sukoraharjo S S , Jayawiguna M H , Triwibowo H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sederhana Beach is located in the waters of Muara Gembong, Bekasi Regency, West Java Province, northeast part of Jakarta Bay. The observation data in 2018 showed the morphology of the damaged coast and the massive fallen mangrove vegetation. Loss of land and mangrove populations has a major impact on the economic and environmental aspect. How to mitigate the impact of abrasion? This study aims to map the type of sediment, sediment distribution and its depositional environment, to obtain a correlation with the type and direction of currents causing abrasion. The results would become the base for determining the appropriate actions to overcome further abrasion, in an integrated coastal area planning program. Seabed sediments were taken using a grab sampler, megascopic descriptions and analysis of the depositional environment off sediments were held on site. The results are plotted onto a map, to determine the distribution of sediments. Sediment types found are: coarse sand, clay, sandy clay, medium-fine sand, and silt. 75% of the study area is: scattered sandy clay, mostly covering the coastline to the north. This is a common phenomenon because the mainland of research location is dominated by mangrove vegetation. The Coarse sand took 20% of the research location. An interesting phenomenon is: the coarse sand reaches the coast directly adjacent to the mangroves, where 5% of silt is found outside this coarse sand zone. The presence of coarse sand on the shoreline with mangrove vegetation indicates that the main current that triggers abrasion is longshore current, moving parallel to the coastline, namely northeast - southwest. So, the recommended steps that can be taken in mitigating further abrasion at Sederhana Beach is the construction of a current breaking structure that is perpendicular to the coast line
Numerical Analysis of Evacuation Start in Pangandaran
Authors: Sujatmiko K A , Okumura Y 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Tsunami evacuations plan should consider the behavior of local people. In this study tsunami evacuation start was analyzed using tsunami evacuation simulation consist of evacuee generation and evacuee behavior model. Pangandaran west beach was selected as the target area due to its popularity as a tourist spot and fishery activities in West Java. Evacuation simulations were conducted using 500 evacuations agents with tsunami shelter and grand mosques as goal for the safer place. A total of six evacuation scenarios were made using a different set of evacuation triggers parameter value with the combination of influence weight and effective range. The simulation result indicates that the influence weight which made 57% of people start evacuation immediately after the earthquake happened showed an instantaneous evacuation. Simulation result that was using lower influence weight and lower exposure range showed a more gradual tsunami evacuation. The simulation gave promising results that Pangandaran people could be safely evacuating if they raise their awareness and preparedness. The low-cost simulations that were used in this study provide an insight into the behaviors of Indonesians during disaster evacuation and might use as support for tsunami evacuation planning. However, to produce more satisfactory result we need to conduct field survey and tsunami drill to gain more information of people behavior during tsunami evacuation.
Ocean Response to Tropical Cyclone Seroja at East Nusa Tenggara Waters
Authors: Avrionesti  , Khadami Faruq , Purnaningtyas Dayu W 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Tropical Cyclone (TC) Seroja is a unique tropical cyclone that has significant impacts along its path, such as floods in East Nusa Tenggara and high waves along the southern coast of Indonesia. Research related to ocean responses to tropical cyclones in Indonesia is still limited due to its rarely occurence in Indonesian waters. The responses of the upper ocean to TC Seroja were investigated using multi-satellite remote sensing of sea surface wind (SSW), sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height anomaly (SSHA), and numerical model of mixed layer depth (MLD) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). The SST cooling occurred around the TC Seroja track at 0.5 – 3°C after the storm had passed. During April 3 – 7, 2021, in addition to spatial SST cooling, changes in chlorophyll-a, SSHA, and MLD were also detected. The chlorophyll-a increase to 2.57 mg/m3 and SSHA reached -10 cm. Thus, the MLD was deeper around the eye of the storm during the cyclone and became uniform after the storm passed. These characteristics indicate the upwelling phenomenon induced by the cyclone.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) compound in sea-water of Cimandiri river estuary, Pelabuhan Ratu
Authors: Edward  , Helfinalis  , Rugebregt M J , Opier R D A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) is a polycyclic aromatic organic compound that is toxic to humans and aquatic organisms. This research aims to determine the level of pollution of PAHs compounds in seawater at the estuary of Cimandiri River, Pelabuhan Ratu. This research was conducted in April 2017 by survey method. Seawater samples were taken using a water sampler at 15 research stations. The levels and types of PAHs compounds were determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS), and PAHs sources with individual ratios diagnose. The results showed that seawater in the Cimandiri River Estuary still relatively low from contamination of PAH compounds. The type of PAH in seawater at the estuary of the Cimandiri River is dominated by low molecular weight naphthalene compound. PAH contained in seawater at the estuary of the Cimandiri River possibly comes from various sources, likely oil spills, burning petroleum, and combustion of organic compounds. PAH content in seawater of Cimandiri River estuary relatively small and still within the criteria for marine organism life state by The State Ministry Office for Life Environment.