bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Differences between the Alzheimer’s Disease-Related hAPP-J20 Model and HeterozygousZbtb20Knock-Out Mice
Authors: Gulbranson Daniel R. , Ho Kaitlyn , Yu Gui-Qiu , Yu Xinxing , Das Melanie , Shao Eric , Kim Daniel , Zhang Weiping J. , Choudhary Krishna , Thomas Reuben , Mucke Lennart 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDiverse gene products contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Experimental models have helped elucidate their mechanisms and impact on brain functions. Human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) transgenic mice from line J20 (hAPP-J20 mice) are widely used to simulate key aspects of AD. However, they also carry an insertional mutation in noncoding sequence of oneZbtb20allele, a gene involved in neural development. We demonstrate that heterozygous hAPP-J20 mice have reduced Zbtb20 expression in some AD-relevant brain regions, but not others, and that Zbtb20 levels are higher in hAPP-J20 mice than heterozygousZbtb20knock-out (Zbtb20+/–) mice. Whereas hAPP-J20 mice have premature mortality, severe deficits in learning and memory, other behavioral alterations, and prominent nonconvulsive epileptiform activity,Zbtb20+/–mice do not. Thus, the insertional mutation in hAPP-J20 mice does not ablate the affectedZbtb20allele and is unlikely to account for the AD-like phenotype of this model.
Temporal Context Actively Shapes EEG Signatures of Time Perception
Authors: Damsma Atser , Schlichting Nadine , van Rijn Hedderik 
Published: April 2021

Our subjective perception of time is optimized to temporal regularities in the environment. This is illustrated by the central tendency effect: When estimating a range of intervals, short intervals are overestimated, whereas long intervals are underestimated to reduce the overall estimation error. Most models of interval timing ascribe this effect to the weighting of the current interval with previous memory traces after the interval has been perceived. Alternatively, the perception of the duration could already be flexibly tuned to its temporal context. We investigated this hypothesis using an interval reproduction task in which human participants (both sexes) reproduced a shorter and longer interval range. As expected, reproductions were biased toward the subjective mean of each presented range. EEG analyses showed that temporal context indeed affected neural dynamics during the perception phase. Specifically, longer previous durations decreased contingent negative variation and P2 amplitude and increased beta power. In addition, multivariate pattern analysis showed that it is possible to decode context from the transient EEG signal quickly after both onset and offset of the perception phase. Together, these results suggest that temporal context creates dynamic expectations which actively affect the perception of duration.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe subjective sense of duration does not arise in isolation, but is informed by previous experiences. This is demonstrated by abundant evidence showing that the production of duration estimates is biased toward previously experienced time intervals. However, it is yet unknown whether this temporal context actively affects perception or only asserts its influence in later, postperceptual stages as proposed by most current formal models of this task. Using an interval reproduction task, we show that EEG signatures flexibly adapt to the temporal context during perceptual encoding. Furthermore, interval history can be decoded from the transient EEG signal even when the current duration was identical. Thus, our results demonstrate that context actively influences perception.
Circulating prolactin level is increased in metabolically healthy obesity
Authors: Liu Jia , Zhang Lin , Fu Jing , Wang Qiu , Wang Guang 
Published: April 2021

Objective
Prolactin (PRL) has been demonstrated as a metabolic hormone to regulate energy metabolism recently. The present study aims to investigate the association between PRL and metabolic alterations in different obesity phenotypes.

Methods
A total of 451 drug-naive participants were recruited, comprising 351 obese patients and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy participants with normal weight. PRL, anthropometric, and clinical parameters were measured.

Results
In the obesity group, 15.1% (53/351) were categorized as 'metabolically healthy obesity (MHO)'. Besides favorable blood pressure, glucose, and lipids profiles, the MHO group exhibited increased PRL, and lower levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and adipose tissue insulin resistance (adipo-IR) than the metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO) group (PRL, HOMA-IR, and adipo-IR: P < 0.01; hsCRP: P < 0.05). The severe MUHO group showed significantly decreased PRL levels than the mild MUHO group (P < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that fasting plasma glucose (FBG) and adipo-IR were significantly associated with PRL (FBG: β = −0.263, P < 0.05; adipo-IR: β = −0.464, P < 0.01). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that hsCRP (OR = 0.824) and PRL (OR = 1.211) were independent predictors of MHO (all P < 0.01).

Conclusion
The MHO group had significantly increased circulating PRL levels when compared with the control and MUHO groups, and multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that PRL was independent predictors of MHO. Our findings suggested that increased circulating PRL might be a compensatory response for favoring energy metabolism during obesity.
Patients with low IGF-I after curative surgery for Cushing’s syndrome have an adverse long-term outcome of hypercortisolism-induced myopathy
Authors: Vogel Frederick , Braun Leah , Rubinstein German , Zopp Stephanie , Benedix Sarina , Schneider Holger , Ritzel Katrin , Schilbach Katharina , Schmidmaier Ralf , Beuschlein Felix , Bidlingmaier Martin , Reincke Martin 
Published: April 2021

Background
Glucocorticoid excess leads to muscle atrophy and weakness in patients with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is known to have protective effects on muscle loss. We hypothesized that individual serum IGF-I concentrations might be predictive for long-term myopathy outcome in Cushing’s syndrome.

Patients and methods
In a prospective longitudinal study of 31 patients with florid Cushing’s syndrome, we analyzed IGF-I and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP 3) concentrations at the time of diagnosis and following surgical remission over a period of up to 3 years. We assessed muscle strength by grip strength measurements using a hand grip dynamometer and muscle mass by bio-impedance measurements.

Findings
Individual serum IGF-I concentrations in the postoperative phase were strongly predictive of long-term grip strength outcome (rs = 0.696, P ≤ 0.001). Also, lower IGF-I concentrations were associated with a lower muscle mass after 3 years (rs = 0.404, P  = 0.033). While patients with high IGF-I s.d. scores (SDS; >1.4) showed an improvement in grip strength within the follow-up period (P  = 0.009), patients with lower IGF-I SDS (≤−0.4) had a worse outcome with persisting muscle dysfunction. In contrast, preoperative IGF-I concentrations during the florid phase of Cushing’s syndrome did not predict long-term muscle function outcome (rs = 0.285, P  = 0.127).

Conclusion
Lower individual IGF-I concentrations 6 months after curative surgery for Cushing’s syndrome are associated with adverse long-term myopathy outcome and IGF-I might be essential for muscle regeneration in the early phase after correction of hypercortisolism.
PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP HEMAT ENERGI TERHADAP PERILAKU HEMAT ENERGI
Authors: Bahij Azmi Al , Nadiroh Nadiroh , Sihadi Sihadi , Astar Maulina Istiana 
Published: April 2021

THE EFFECT OF KNOWLEDGE AND ENERGY-SAVING ATTITUDES TOWARDS ENERGY-SAVING BEHAVIORAbstractEnergy consumption around the world continues to increase, which has not been followed by energy savings. This study aimed to determine the effect of knowledge and attitudes about energy saving on energy-saving behavior. The location of this research is SDN Kampung Bambu III Tangerang. Descriptive quantitative research model with a survey approach. The study population was students of SD Negeri Kampung Bambu III, with a sample of 102 students consisting of classes 5A, 5B, and 5C. Data analysis was performed using single regression and multiple regression. The results showed an influence between energy awareness and energy-saving behavior; there is an influence between energy-saving attitude and energy-saving behavior. There is an effect of energy knowledge and energy-saving attitudes on students' energy-saving behavior in Tangerang City. AbstrakKonsumsi energi di seluruh dunia terus meningkat, yang belum diikuti oleh penghematan energi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan dan sikap tentang hemat energi terhadap perilaku hemat energi. Lokasi penelitian ini adalah SDN Kampung Bambu III Tangerang. Model penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan survei. Populasi dalam penelitian siswa SD Negeri Kampung Bambu III, dengan sampel 102 siswa terdiri dari kelas 5A, 5B dan 5C. Analisis data dilakukan dengan regresi tunggal dan regresi ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara kesadaran energi dengan perilaku hemat energi; ada pengaruh antara sikap hemat energi dengan perilaku hemat energi; dan ada pengaruh pengetahuan energi dan sikap hemat energi terhadap perilaku hemat energi siswa di Kota Tanggerang.
PEMAHAMAN GURU KIMIA SMA TENTANG PENILAIAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA
Authors: Nurmawati Nurmawati , Driana Elin , Ernawati Ernawati 
Published: April 2021

HIGH-SCHOOL CHEMISTRY TEACHERS' UNDERSTANDING OF HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATIONAbstractTeachers play an essential role in attempts to develop students' higher-order thinking skills through the implementation of classroom assessments. This study explores chemistry teachers' understanding of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) assessments, how they implement the assessments, and what obstacles they face. This study employed a qualitative approach that involved 12 high-school chemistry teachers in South Jakarta. Data collection was conducted in August and September 2019 through semi-structured interviews. The findings of this study show that the chemistry teachers have a different understanding of higher-order thinking assessments. The majority of teachers associate HOTS with the three highest levels of the cognitive dimension of Revision of Bloom's taxonomy, critical thinking, and problem-solving. The levels of implementation of HOTS assessments among teachers vary. Among obstacles faced by the teachers are the lack of teachers' knowledge and experience in applying HOTS assessments, variability in students' cognitive abilities, the scarcity of learning facilities, and the lack of guidance and training about HOTS assessments in chemistry. AbstrakGuru memegang peranan penting dalam upaya mengembangkan kemampuan siswa dalam berpikir tingkat tinggi melalui penerapan penilaian kelas.Penelitian ini menggali pemahaman guru kimia tentang penilaian kemampuan berpikir tinggi tinggi (HOTS), penerapannya, dan hambatan-hambatan yang dihadapi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang melibatkan 12 orang guru kimia SMA di Jakarta Selatan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan Agustus dan September 2019 melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur. Temuan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa para guru kimia memiliki pemahaman yang beragam tentang penilaian HOTS. Mayoritas guru mengaitkan penilaian HOTS dengan tiga jenjang tertinggi dimensi kognitif pada taksonomi Bloom yang telah direvisi, berpikir kritis, dan penyelesaian masalah. Tingkat penerapan penilaian HOTS di kalangan guru bervariasi. Hambatan yang dihadapi para guru Kimia SMA dalam melaksanakan penilaian HOTS, antara lain keterbatasan pengetahuan dan pengalaman guru dalam menerapkan penilaian HOTS, kemampuan kognitif siswa yang bervariasi, keterbatasan fasilitas pembelajaran, dan kurangnya panduan dan pelatihan tentang penilaian HOTS untuk mata pelajaran kimia.
KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SAINS PADA SISWA SMA MENGGUNAKAN PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA BERBASIS ETNOSAINS
Authors: Wibowo Teguh , Ariyatun Ariyatun 
Published: April 2021

SCIENTIFIC LITERACY OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS USING ETHNOSCIENCE BASED LEARNING CHEMISTRY Scientific literacy skills are needed to understand science issues, the risks, and benefits of science, and understand the nature of science, including its relationship to culture. This study aimed to determine students' scientific literacy in using ethnoscience-based learning-chemistry. The study Method used quasi-experimental by nonequivalent control group design. The subject was grade XI-MIPA of SMAN 1 Kendal. The data collection techniques are test instruments to know students' scientific literacy. The analysis data technique is descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (independent sample t-test and N-gain). The results showed that the ethnoscience based learning-chemistry could increase students' scientific literacy. The mean score of students' scientific literacy on experiment and control class was 72% (high category) and 65% (medium category), and count -3,551 and table -1,995. N-gain score experiment class of 0,47 (medium) and control class of 0,28 (low). Ethnoscience-based chemistry learning can be used in chemistry learning to develop students' chemical literacy skills. AbstrakKemampuan literasi sains dibutuhkan untuk memahami isu-isu sains, resiko dan manfaat sains, serta untuk memahami sifat sains, termasuk hubungannya dengan budaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kemampuan literasi sains siswa melalui pembelajaran kimia berbasis etnosains. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experimental dengan desain nonequivalent control group design. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI MIPA SMAN 1 Kendal. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa tes untuk mengetahui kemampuan literasi siswa. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan statistik inferensial (independent sample t-test dan uji N-gain). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa pembelajaran kimia berbasis etnosains dapat meningkatkan kemampuan literasi sains siswa. Rerata skor kompetensi literasi sains siswa kelas eksperimen dan kontrol secara berturut-turut mendapat 72% dengan kategori tinggi dan 65% dengan kategori sedang, serta thitung sebesar -3,551, dan ttabelnya -1,995. Adapun nilai N-gain pada kelas eksperimen adalah 0,47 (kategori sedang) sedangkan kelas kontrol adalah 0,28 (kategori rendah). Pembelajaran kimia berbasis etnosains dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran kimia untuk mengembangkan kemampuan literasi kimia siswa.
ANALYSING THE LEVEL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ANXIETY OF PRE-SERVICE EDUCATION STUDENTS
Authors: Ramli Munasprianto 
Published: April 2021

ANALISIS TINGKAT KECEMASAN KIMIA ORGANIK MAHASISWA PRA JASA PENDIDIKANAbstractSeveral studies have reported that poor performance of organic chemistry among students has been attributed partly to organic chemistry anxiety. The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of organic chemistry anxiety among chemistry education students. Sequential explanatory mixed methods approach employed in the study. Due to COVID-19 Pandemic, 142 pre-service education students from four universities were chosen using the convenience sampling technique. The questionnaires were distributed to the participants using google form. This quantitative data generation was followed by a semi-structured interview with 2 students from each university. Quantitative data gathered were analyzed using descriptive statistics meanwhile qualitative data from interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show that 5.63% of students have low anxiety, 81.69% of students have moderate anxiety levels, while 12.68% of students have high anxiety levels. On average the anxiety level of chemistry education students is at a moderate level with a score was 62. According to students, this anxiety was influenced by the complexity of organic chemistry lesson materials, lecturer strategies in teaching organic chemistry, and their previous knowledge of chemistry. Further study should be carried out to analyze the factors that influence students’ anxiety.AbstrakSejumlah penelitian telah melaporkan bahwa buruknya performa mahasiswa pada mata kuliah kimia organik berkaitan dengan kecemasan mereka terhadap kimia organik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kecemasan mahasiwa Pendidikan Kimia terhadap perkuliahan Kimia Organik. Pendekatan metode campuran eksplanatori sekuensial digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Akibat Pandemi COVID-19, sebanyak 142 mahasiswa Pendidikan kimia dari empat universitas dengan menggunakan teknik convenience sampling. Kuisioner dibagikan kepada peserta menggunakan google form. Penyebaran kuesioner ini dilanjutkan dengan wawancara semi struktur dengan 2 mahasiswa dari masing-masing universitas. Data kuantitatif yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif sedangkan data kualitatif dari wawancara dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 5,63% siswa memiliki tingkat kecemasan rendah, 81,69% siswa memiliki tingkat kecemasan sedang, sedangkan 12,68% siswa memiliki tingkat kecemasan tinggi. Rata-rata tingkat kecemasan mahasiswa pendidikan kimia berada pada tingkat sedang dengan skor 62. Menurut mahasiswa, kecemasan ini dipengaruhi oleh kompleksitas materi pelajaran kimia organik, strategi dosen dalam pembelajaran kimia organik dan pengetahuan sebelumnya tentang kimia. Studi lebih dapat dilakukan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kecemasan siswa.
Konstruksi Nalar Rechtvinding Hakim dalam Pemberian Izin Poligami yang Berkeadilan Gender dalam Putusan Pengadilan Agama Jombang No. 0899/Pdt.G/2016/PA.Jbg
Authors: Taufik Abdullah , Tohari Ilham 
Published: April 2021

The practice of polygamy in Indonesia until now has drawn criticism from some feminists who did not agree. But on the one hand, both Islamic law and positive law permit various conditions. In this case, the Religious Court (PA) becomes the last fence which becomes the determining point for a man to be able to polygamy. For this reason, researchers conducted a study of PA decisions on polygamy, namely Jombang PA Decision No. No. 0899 / Pdt.G / 2018 / PA.Jbg . The focus of the problem is (1) the value of gender justice in the decision and (2) reasoning rechtvinding(legal discovery) judge. The method used in this study is a normative-qualitative legal research method with content analysis techniques from Charles Purse. The results showed that the practice of polygamy licensing in the Religious Courts had actually gone through processes that reflected gender justice. This is reflected in the obligation of the Religious Court to summon the longest wife of the applicant for polygamy to be asked for willingness and information. The results of subsequent studies show that PA Jombang judges used hermeneutic techniques in making legal discovery efforts. Because, they not only focus on aspects of legality, but also consider the contextualization.
Khul' Menurut Imam Syafi'i dan Imam Hanbali: Mencari Relevansinya di Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawan Edi , Fadhlan Ulul Albab , Yanti Illy 
Published: April 2021

Khul' or divorce requested by a wife is one of the causes marital termination. According to Imam Syafi'i, khul' is a divorce (talak) with an 'iddah of three menstruat cycles. In contrast, for Imam Hanbali, khul' is fasakh in which its 'iddah is one menstrual cycle and its legality does not require a judge's decision. This difference has dissimilar legal implications when it is applied in Indonesia. Therefore, this article aims to seek the both relevancies in the context of Indonesian law, especially under the Compilation of Islamic Law and the nature of the religious practice of Indonesian Muslims. After examining the relevant literature sources, this article shows that, both Imam Syafi'i and Imam Hanbali agree that khul' is like a buy-sell contract, and hence a judge's decision is not required. However these both agremeents are not relevance under the Compilation of Islamic Laws, but the Imam Hanbali's fiqh in which khul' as fasakh would be difficult to seek its relevance. Thus, the fiqh of Imam Syafi'i is more appropriate, since beside it is used as a basis for the Compilation of Islamic Laws the majority of Indonesian Muslims embrace the Syafi’i mazhab.
NOTA INTRODUCTORIA
Authors: Fernández-Muñoz Mónica Lucía 
Published: April 2021

El Programa de Derecho de la Institución Universitaria Politécnico Grancolombiano, presenta las memorias del Seminario “Nuevos Desafíos del Derecho Privado”, evento académico llevado a cabo en el campus universitario de Bogotá el 30 de octubre de 2019.

En concordancia con los estudios adelantados a través de la línea de investigación “Derecho de la Responsabilidad Civil”, adscrita a las actividades investigativas del Programa, se organizó el evento que contó con la presencia de connotados juristas investigadores pertenecientes a distintas universidades de Colombia y Francia, quienes se reunieron para debatir en torno a temas controversiales que se encuentran actualmente en desarrollo en el área del Derecho Privado.
CLÁUSULAS DE MODIFICACIÓN UNILATERAL DE LOS CONTRATOS: ENTRE NECESIDAD Y ABUSIVIDAD
Authors: Gual Acosta José Manuel 
Published: April 2021

El tema que me han asignado corresponde al de las cláusulas de modificación unilateral, lo cual siempre deja dudas frente a su tipología y control; en especial, si se quiere saber hasta dónde este tipo de cláusulas son necesarias o realmente terminan siendo abusivas.

Se parte de la controversia que podría darse cuando en el contenido contractual predispuesto por unas partes dentro de un negocio, al momento de la celebración del mismo, una de las partes adhiere a un contenido en el que solo a una de ellas se le ha otorgado la facultad contractual unilateral de modificar los contenidos contractuales; a las obligaciones a que se ha sometido en el contrato inicialmente pactado, lo cual al parecer es válido bajo el imperio del principio de la autonomía privada y las libertades contractuales que del mismo derivan.