bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of more vegetable intake on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Wu PeiYu , Chiu Y‐iFang , Lu Yu‐Ju , Chen Hsi‐Hsien , Su Chien‐Tien , Yang Shwu‐Huey 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of more vegetable intake on cardiovascular disease risk factors in hemodialysis (HD) patients.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study. All subjects were outpatients from Taipei Medical University Hospital. Fifty‐four HD patients and thirty‐five subjects with eGFR more than 60 ml/min/1.73m2 from department of Family Medicine (control group) were completed this study. The dietary components and nutrients intake was calculated from the average of 3‐day dietary record. Besides, the nutritional markers (dry body weight and serum albumin), inflammatory markers (serum C‐reactive protein), lipid profile (serum total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride), serum folate, homocysteine, and potassium, and insulin resistance index were analyzed by Department of Laboratory Medicine of Taipei Medical University Hospital. Both HD patients and control group were dichotomy by median of vegetable intake adjusted by energy, and the cut point in HD patients was 1.05 servings of vegetable/1000 kcal.ResultsComparing with control group, HD patients had significantly higher serum level of C‐reactive protein and homocysteine, and insulin resistance index, but lower serum albumin level. Despite the vegetable intake was not significantly different between HD patients and control group, even after adjusting for energy intake. HD patients with higher vegetable intake had lower serum C‐reactive protein and homocysteine, and insulin resistance index, but did not achieve statistical significance.ConclusionIn HD patients, more vegetable intake may not be associated with improving selected risk factors for cardiovascular disease in this study.
A high protein:low carbohydrate (HP‐LC) diet during pregnancy affects glucose metabolism in last trimester sows and fetuses and leads to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
Authors: Metges Cornelia C , Görs Solvig , Lang Iris , Brüssow Klaus , Hammon Harald M , Rehfeldt Charlotte , Otten Winfried 
Published: June 2021

An HP‐LC diet is effective to lose weight but its impact during pregnancy is unclear. Since obesity during pregnancy is an issue in programming of metabolic disorders in offspring we first investigated effects of HP‐LC diet in a porcine pregnancy model. Throughout pregnancy primiparous sows were fed an HP‐LC diet with 30% protein or an adequate control (C) diet (12% protein) made isoenergetic by protein exchange (n=9/group). We performed an i.v. glucose (G) tolerance test (IVGTT) at 89 days post conception (dpc), measured G, insulin (INS) and glucagon (GLG) levels, and also INS sensitivity by RQUICKI. At 94 dpc we analyzed umbilical vein plasma G, fructose (FRC) and inositol (ISL) concentrations as well as fetal hepatic mRNA levels of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCKc) and glucose 6 phosphatase (G6P). During IVGTT plasma G AUC and GLG of HP‐LC sows were higher while INS sensitivity was lower (P<0.05). HP‐LC fetuses were lighter but brain to liver ratio was higher than in C (P<0.05). Umbilical plasma G and FRC did not differ among groups but ISL tended to be higher in HP‐LC (P<0.1). Hepatic PEPCKc mRNA was higher in HP‐LC than in C fetuses (P<0.05), whereas G6Pase expression did not differ. In conclusion, in the HP‐LC group in spite of low maternal G intake, G supply to the fetuses seemed to be favored whereas ISL signaled IUGR, and PEPCKc indicated premature maturation of fetal gluconeogenesis.Supported by DFG
Early rapid weight gain is associated with overweight and obesity at 8 years in a breastfed population in Peru
Authors: Penny Mary Edith , Marin Margot 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveWeight gain that exceeds the expected growth trajectory in early life has been shown to determine child Overweight and obesity (OW+O) but most studies have been conducted in urban children from developed countries. Information is also lacking from breastfed populations.MethodsWe studied a panel of 1496 children from the Young Lives project in Peru of whom 98% had been breastfed. Generalized estimated equations were used to examine the relation between BMI at aged 8 y and weight for age increase of >;0.67 Z score from birth to aged 6–18m (infant) and between this age and 4–5 y (child). We adjusted for sex, maternal BMI, wealth index, maternal education, and height for age, physical exercise, “fast food” and soda drink consumption and hours of sleep at aged 8 y. Rural and urban children were examined separately.ResultsRapid weight gain in infancy and early childhood both significantly increased the risk of later OW+O in rural (infant OR 2.21, child 2.06) and urban (infant OR 2.28, child OR 3.10) children. The relationship remained significant in adjusted models.ConclusionGrowth in both infancy and early childhood contributes to childhood OW+O even in breastfed populations. It is necessary to understand the mechanisms for this in order to identify modifiable practices.Source of research support: UK Department for International Development (DFID) and the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Dietary total antioxidant capacity and prostate cancer tumor stage among African and Caucasian Americans in a population‐based study
Authors: Vance Terrence M , Wang Ying , Su L. Joseph , Fontham Elizabeth T. H. , Bensen Jeannette T. , Mohler James L. , Chen Ming‐Hui , Chun Ock K. 
Published: June 2021

Data from the North Carolina‐Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project, a population‐based study of incident prostate cancer in African Americans (AA) (n=698) and Caucasian Americans (CA) (n=904), were used to determine the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and prostate cancer tumor stage at diagnosis. Dietary data were collected using a modified NCI DHQ. The DHQ food and nutrient database was modified to include data on flavanoids and proanthocyanidins. Dietary TAC was calculated from the vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity of 42 dietary antioxidants. Associations between dietary TAC and tumor stage were determined by logistic regression. The odds ratio for tumor stage 2 (ref: tumor stage 1) was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.92, p‐trend= 0.016) for CA and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.50, 0.92, p‐trend=0.015) for all men in the highest quartile of dietary TAC. A similar trend was found for tumor stages 3 and 4 (p‐trend=0.051 for CA and 0.067 for all men, respectively). In this study of prostate cancer in AA and CA, greater dietary TAC was found to be associated with decreased risk of greater tumor stage.Grant Funding Source: NIH Cancer Epidemiology Small Grant #1R03CA159421–01A1.
Vitamin Deficiencies Are Both Risk Factors and Protective Against Diverse Urogenital and Intestinal Infections in Pregnant Ngabe Women from Panama
Authors: Scott Marilyn E , Gonzalez‐Fernandez Doris , Murillo Enrique , Sinisterra Odalis , Koski Kristine G 
Published: June 2021

We enrolled 213 pregnant Ngabe women in a cross‐sectional study in Western Panama. Clinical diagnosis was done for respiratory, oral, skin and vaginal infections, along with laboratory diagnosis of infections in urine, fecal and vaginal samples. Serum blood samples were analyzed for concentrations of Vitamins A, D, B12, folate and ferritin.The most common infections were bacterial vaginosis (BV) (91%), hookworm (57%), asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) (56%), Ascaris (33%), candidiasis (25%), dental caries (20%), scabies (17%), and trichomoniasis (17%). Vitamin deficiencies were also common: B12 (85%), ferritin (83%), D (65%), A (41%), folate (24%); 13% of women had 4 of the 5 deficiencies.Multiple regression analysis revealed that Ascaris intensity was positively associated with gingivitis, fungal infections of the skin and vaginal tract, and AB (adjusted R2 = 0.23) but not with any of the micronutrients. The severity of BV was elevated in those with vitamin deficiencies (D, folic acid, low hemoglobin) but was reduced by vaginal candidiasis. Surprisingly, high vitamin D, folic acid and hemoglobin were protective against severe trichomoniasis after controlling for the effect of other infections. These results highlight the mix of synergistic and antagonistic associations among infections and micronutrient deficiencies in this vulnerable population.Funded by SENACYT (Panama) and McGill Vitamin Fund
Increasing Medical Student Knowledge of the Urban Nutrition Climate through an Orientation Bus Tour and Urban Nutritition Scavenger Hunts
Authors: Ireland Kathy , Beste Margaret , Halls Valerie , Jordan Rachel , Lenders Carine , Hardt Eric 
Published: June 2021

ProblemBoston Medical Center (BMC) assists populations that are under‐served or lack access to care. Medical students have a poor understanding of patients’ living environments, which may affect patient care.ObjectiveTo increase students’ awareness of the challenges low‐income patients face to make lifestyle changes and sign up for an Urban Nutrition Scavenger Hunt (UNSH) to increase their knowledge.MethodsIn 2012, 4th year medical students paired with dietetic interns create UNSHs of 4 targeted low‐income Boston neighborhoods. Guided by an RD and equipped with information from field visits and interviews with community members, these students described the availability of nutrition and fitness resources as well as the cultural food preferences of each neighborhood during a BUSM orientation bus tour for first year medical students. At the end of the tour students could sign up to do an UNSH later in the year.ResultsAll 139 1st year students participated in the bus tour and 56 (40%) signed up for an UNSH.ConclusionsThis intervention increased student interest in understanding their future patients’ barriers to healthy lifestyles, which is critical to changing behaviors and health outcomes. FutureDirectionsUNSHs will be used as an extracurricular activity and likely a class exercise. With support from the New Balance Foundation and the Allen Foundation.
Bioaccessibilities of K, P, Fe and B minerals in oleaster flour as a novel food ingredients
Authors: Sahan Yasemin , Cansev Asuman , Celik Güler , Gocmen Duygu 
Published: June 2021

Oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia) belongs to Elaeagnus L. genus and Elaeagnaceae family. This species shows a broad geographical range, occurring widely in Asia and Europe. Oleaster flour may be obtained from dried fruits and used as a functional ingredient in the production of bakery products, yoghurt, ice cream, infant food, chocolate, confectionery etc. due to its floury structure, specific taste and functional properties. The mineral contents of food are gaining importance because of toxicological as well as their nutritional viewpoints. It is necessary to know the bioaccessibility of minerals, to evaluate their biological activity in human body. Oleaster flours (OFs) were produced from five different genotypes grown in Turkey. K, P, Fe ve B contents of the samples were determined using a ICP‐OES(Perkin Elmer). For the determination of bioaccessibility minerals, investigated oleaster flours were processed by an in vitro digestive enzymatic extraction that mimics the conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. As a result, K contents of all samples had the highest values while B contents had the lowest values. There were significant differences between in mineral contents of samples and mineral contents of extracted samples for bioaccessibility studies. Bioaccessibility had varied depending on mineral types and genotypes.This project was supported by TUBITAK TOVAG (Project Number 110 o 060).
A high protein (HP) diet results in moderate renal and hepatic damage but improves body size, glucose handling and haptoglobin levels in diet‐induced obese rats
Authors: Devassy Jessay Gopuran , Ibrahim Naser , Taylor Carla G , Zahradka Peter , Aukema Harold M 
Published: June 2021

HP diets may aid in weight control and glucose handling, but also can cause minor damage to healthy kidneys. Since obesity itself increases renal damage, the additive effects of obesity and an HP diet were investigated in diet‐induced obese rats. Obesity‐prone and ‐resistant rats were given a high fat diet for 12 wk to induce obesity, followed by either HP [35 en%, ad libitum (AL)] or normal protein [35 en%, NP, either AL or pair‐weighed (PW)] for 8 wk. Obese rats given HP compared to NP diets AL consumed more feed but gained less weight. Renal enlargement in the HP compared to NP AL rats accompanied by higher proteinuria compared to NP AL and PW rats, and hepatic enlargement and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase in HP compared to PW NP rats indicated potential minor renal and hepatic damage. However, in addition to less weight gain, HP compared to NP AL rats also had lower blood glucose levels, homeostatic model assessment2 (HOMA2) scores and lower haptoglobin levels. Thus, the potential risks of HP feeding on minor renal and hepatic damage in obesity should be evaluated against the potential benefits on weight loss, glucose handling and inflammation.Grant Funding Source: CIHR 196330
Adiponectin levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes on a high fiber or a low glycemic index diet.
Authors: Augustin Livia SA , Mejia Sonia Blanco , Mirrahimi Arash , Mitchell Sandra , Connelly Philip , Kendall Cyril WC , Jenkins David JA 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesAdiponectin is considered to have anti‐diabetic, antiinflammatory and anti‐atherogenic effects. We investigated whether adiponectin levels correlated with cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of people with type 2 diabetes and whether improving glycemic control through diet may increase adiponectin levels. Research Design andMethodsPost‐hoc analysis of 156 men and women with type 2 diabetes who participated in a dietary study of low glycemic index (LGI) or a high cereal fiber diet (HCF) for 6 months with the aim of improving blood glucose control.ResultsSignificant (p<0.05) negative correlations were seen at baseline with triglycerides (TG) in men and women and positive correlations with HDL‐cholesterol (HDL‐C) in women and with LDL‐C and total cholesterol in men. Adiponectin levels increased similarly in both diets: 9 percent (%) from baseline in the HCF diet and 14% in the LGI diet (p<0.01). A significant (p<0.01) negative correlation was observed between % baseline changes in adiponectin and HbA1c in women, after adjustment for body weight changes.ConclusionsImproving glycemic control through diet may improve adiponectin levels in people with type 2 diabetes.Study supported by Barilla
Combined Effects of Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D Status on Type 2 Diabetes Risk among US adults
Authors: Choi Jihyun Emma , Ainsworth Barbara Ellen 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the combined effects between objectively measured physical activity and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status on type 2 diabetes risk.MethodsThe subjects were US adults 20 years and older who participated in the NHANES 2005–2006. They were divided into 4 groups according to their accelerometer‐determined steps/day and serum (25(OH)D) concentrations, <20ng/mL and ≥20ng/mL. G1 (n=692): <5348 steps/day and serum 25(OH)D <20ng/mL; G2 (n=496): <5348 steps/day and serum 25(OH)D ≥20ng/mL; G3 (n=511): ≥9194 steps/day and serum 25(OH)D <20ng/mL; G4 (n=736): ≥9194 steps/day and serum 25(OH)D ≥20ng/mL. Serum lipids, C‐reactive protein, fasting glucose, 2‐hour oral glucose tolerance test, insulin, blood pressure, BMI and waist circumference (WC) were assessed. Logistic regression (reference group: G4), GLM‐ANCOVA and Bonferroni post‐hoc test were used. Covariates were age, gender, ethnicity and smoking.ResultsSignificant differences (p<0.05) were observed as follows: HDL, BMI and WC between G1 and G3 and between G1 and G4; insulin between G1 and G4. The differences between G2 and G3 and between G3 and G4 were not statistically significant. For the risk of type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose, ORs of the G1, G2 and G3 were 7.99 and 1.92, 5.41 and 1.18, and 4.87 and 1.09, respectively. For the risk of abdominal obesity (WC ≥102cm for men and ≥88cm for women) and obesity (BMI ≥25kg/m2), ORs of the G1, G2 and G3 were 4.22 and 3.54, 2.26 and 1.67, and 1.50 and 1.54, respectively.ConclusionSufficient serum 25(OH)D of ≥20ng/mL should be maintained to gain the beneficial effect of high level of daily steps for type 2 diabetes prevention.Grant Funding Source: NA
Effects of heated versus unheated soybean oil in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Middleton Olivia , Dingels Nicole , Penumetcha Meera 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe metabolic effects of consuming mildly oxidized lipids as compared to highly oxidized lipids are not well documented.ObjectiveOur objective was to investigate if food containing heated soybean oil (SO) alters fat mass and glucose tolerance in C57BL/6J mice at 5 and 10 weeks.MethodsSix week old male C57BL/6J mice were purchased and were randomly divided into four groups (n=8/group) and were fed a low fat diet with either unheated SO or SO heated for 3 (3h‐HO), 6 (6h‐HO), or 9 (9h‐HO) hours for 5 weeks. Food consumption was recorded every 3–4 days, and body weights were recorded every week. Blood glucose levels were measured after a 16 h fast.ResultsThere were no significant differences in weight gain between the groups. Average daily food consumption for mice fed unheated oil, 3h‐HO, 6h‐HO, and 9h‐HO was 18.64g, 19.08g, 19.28g, and 19.68g, respectively. Mean blood glucose levels for mice fed unheated oil, 3h‐HO, 6h‐HO, and 9h‐HO were (mean Â± SD) 97.38 Â± 21.37 mg/dL, 76.75 Â± 9.71 mg/dL, 83.63 Â± 12.92 mg/dL, 98 Â± 19.38 mg/dL, respectively (overall significance, p = 0.038; 3h‐HO vs. 9h‐HO, p = .094).ConclusionA 5 week exposure to heated oils does not alter weight gain when compared to unheated oil; however, fasting blood glucose levels were higher in the 9h‐HO group compared to 3h‐HO group (p>; 0.05), which might indicate the beginning signs of glucose intolerance.
Metabolomics profiling predicts SORT1 LDL‐cholesterol locus in a fit, young adult population
Authors: Kirtiadi Lawrence , Gnatiuk Elizabeth , Karlos Angie , Connors Kimberly , Vogel Hans J , Shearer Jane , Hittel Dustin S 
Published: June 2021

SORT1 locus was originally identified by genome wide association studies of LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) in older adults. We hypothesized that a younger population would show a greater genetic effect due to fewer confounding variables. As such, we investigated the association between the SORT1 locus and LDL‐C in a group of healthy, young adults. Subjects (n=80, age=23) were recruited. Lipid measures and genomic DNA were collected from blood after an overnight fast. Blood pressure, body fat (%BF), V02 max, and metabolomics profile (LC‐MS) were measured. Associations between genotype and LDL‐C were investigated using linear regression. 21.7% of male subjects had %BF that was above a healthy range, while 25% had non‐optimal LDL‐C values. A significant association was observed between the SORT1 locus (GG: 2.46±0.11 mmol/L versus TG/TT: 2.06±0.12 mmol/L, p=0.016) and LDL‐C in male subjects with genotype explaining 3.0% of the variability in LDL‐C. LC‐MS metabolite profiling was able to further discriminate between genotypes independent of other clinical parameters. Differentially affected metabolites included sphingomyelins, phosphatidylcholines and acylcarnitines. The marriage of metabolomics and genomics represents a powerful means to identify the earliest biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease that could be used to identify individuals who would most benefit from early interventions.Grant Funding Source: Metabolomics Research Center
Effect of an algal infusion (AI) on plasma metabolomic profile in hypercholesterolemic hamsters
Authors: Geamanu Andreea , Saadat Nadia , Goja Arvind , Gupta Smiti V 
Published: June 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Major risk factors for CVD, including elevated LDL and low HDL were investigated, upon ingestion of AI. The lipid profile was correlated with the change in plasma metabolomic profile over time. Fifty male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a high fat diet for 4 weeks prior to randomization into 6 groups: T0, T3, T7, T10, T14, and T21, and received 20% AI for 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days, respectively, as their drinking fluid. Plasma lipid profile was assayed enzymatically, while rT‐PCR gave the relative transcription levels of ApoA1 gene. Change in 1H NMR plasma metabolomic profile was determined by multivariate analysis using the SIMCA P+ software. PCA and PLS‐DA plots showed a clear separation between T21 and T0 groups, indicating a difference in the metabolomic profiles. PLS analysis revealed a strong correlation (r2=0.7) between the metabolomic and lipid profile. HDL was significantly increased in T3 (p < 0.05) and T21 (p < 0.001), while LDL was significantly reduced in T3, T7, T10 (p < 0.001) and T14, T21 (p < 0.01). Moreover, the TC/HDL was significantly lower in all groups (p < 0.001) as compared with T0. qPCR showed a considerable increase in ApoA1 expression in T10 (3.5 x) and T21 (5x) groups. Thus, the treatment significantly improved plasma lipid profile by lowering LDL and increasing HDL, which in turn correlated with the changes in the metabolomic profile.Grant Funding Source: Health Enhancement Products Inc.
Plasma Amino Acids as Predictors for Outcome in Patients at the Intense Care Unit
Authors: Twelkmeyer Brigitte , Rodas Paul Castillo , Skog‐Nejman Eva , Wernerman Jan , Rooyackers Olav 
Published: June 2021

Amino acids (AA) are important metabolites in blood plasma. In critically ill patients muscle wasting and successive organ failure affect recovery and are one of the most common causes of death in the intense care unit (ICU). Disturbances in the plasma metabolites such as AA could report on complications and act as predictor for outcome.Here, we present the analysis of 22 amino acids concentrations in plasma of successively admitted critically ill patients (N= 174) in the ICU at the Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge [1]. The admission scoring of APACHE II, SOFA and the mortality up to 6 months were registered. Arterial blood samples were taken within 24 hours after admission and analysed by HPLC with pre‐column derivatization and an internal standard of norvaline [2].Patients were grouped into six‐months survivors and non‐survivors. Statistical analysis of AA concentrations was accomplished using R, version 2.15.1. A Wilcoxon rank sum test showed that phenylalanine (p= 0.03), alanine (p=0.03), tyrosine (p= 0.002), 3‐methylhistidine (p=0.006), carnitine (p=0.03) and ornithine (p= 0.08) were differed between the two groups with higher plasma concentrations in patients that died. The plasma concentrations of branched chain amino acids were not significantly different. Three patients showed highly elevated concentrations of two AA (Ala, Gln) possibly indicating a subgroup of patients with specific clinical characteristics such as single organ failure.In conclusion, those patients that died showed higher plasma concentration of several AA. Some of the amino acids (Phe, Tyr, 3‐methylhistidine) may represent a negative protein turnover i.e. increased muscle protein loss.This work was supported by a grant from the Swedish Research Council and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge.