bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of an intervention to optimise antenatal management of women admitted with preterm labour and intact membranes using amniocentesis-based predictive risk models: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (OPTIM-PTL Study)
Authors: Cobo Teresa , Aldecoa Victoria , Bartha Jose Luis , Bugatto Fernando , Paz Carrillo-Badillo María , Comas Carmina , Diago-Almeda Vicente , Ferrero Silvia , Goya Maria , Herraiz Ignacio , Martí-Malgosa Laia , Olivella Anna , Paulés Cristina , Vives Àngels , Figueras Francesc , Palacio Montse , Gratacós Eduard 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionThe majority of women admitted with threatened preterm labour (PTL) do not delivery prematurely. While those with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) represent the highest risk group, this is a condition that is not routinely ruled out since it requires amniocentesis. Identification of low-risk or high-risk cases might allow individualisation of care, that is, reducing overtreatment with corticosteroids and shorten hospital stay in low-risk women, while allowing early antibiotic therapy in those with MIAC. Benefits versus risks of amniocentesis-based predictor models of spontaneous delivery within 7 days and/or MIAC have not been evaluated.Methods and analysisThis will be a Spanish randomised, multicentre clinical trial in singleton pregnancies (23.0–34.6 weeks) with PTL, conducted in 13 tertiary centres. The intervention arm will consist in the use of amniocentesis-based predictor models: iflow risk,hospital discharge within 24 hours of results with no further medication will be recommended. Ifhigh risk,antibiotics will be added to standard management. The control group will be managed according to standard institutional protocols, without performing amniocentesis for this indication. The primary outcome will be total antenatal doses of corticosteroids, and secondary outcomes will be days of maternal stay and the occurrence of clinical chorioamnionitis. A cost analysis will be undertaken. To observe a reduction from 90% to 70% in corticosteroid doses, a reduction in 1 day of hospital stay (SD of 2) and a reduction from 24% to 12% of clinical chorioamnionitis, a total of 340 eligible patients randomised 1 to 1 to each study arm is required (power of 80%, with type I error α=0.05 and two-sided test, considering a dropout rate of 20%). Randomisation will be stratified by gestational age and centre.Ethics and disseminationPrior to receiving approval from the Ethics Committee (HCB/2020/1356) and the Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS) (identification number: 2020-005-202-26), the trial was registered in the European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials database (2020-005202-26). AEMPS approved the trial as a low-intervention trial. All participants will be required to provide written informed consent. Findings will be disseminated through workshops, peer-reviewed publications and national/international conferences.Protocol versionV.4 10 May 2021.Trial registration numbersNCT04831086and Eudract number 2020-005202-26.
Metformin in the management of antipsychotic-induced weight gain in adults with psychosis: development of the first evidence-based guideline using GRADE methodology
Authors: Fitzgerald Ita , O'Connell Jean , Keating Dolores , Hynes Caroline , McWilliams Stephen , Crowley Erin K 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundAdjunctive metformin is the most well-studied intervention in the pharmacological management of antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG). Although a relatively unaddressed area, among guidelines recommending consideration of metformin, prescribing information that would facilitate its applied use by clinicians, for example, provision of a dose titration schedule is absent. Moreover, recommendations differ regarding metformin’s place in the hierarchy of management options. Both represent significant barriers to the applied, evidence-based use of metformin for this indication.ObjectiveTo produce a guideline solely dedicated to the optimised use of metformin in AIWG management, using internationally endorsed guideline methodology.MethodsA list of guideline key health questions (KHQs) was produced. It was agreed that individual recommendations would be ‘adopted or adapted’ from current guidelines and/or developed de novo, in the case of unanswered questions. A systematic literature review (2008–2020) was undertaken to identify published guidelines and supporting (or more recent) research evidence. Quality appraisal was undertaken using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation II tool, A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) assessment,and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool, where appropriate. Assessment of evidence certainty and recommendation development was undertaken using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology.FindingsWe confirmed that no published guideline—of appropriate quality, solely dedicated to the use of metformin to manage AIWG was available. Recommendations located within other guidelines inadequately addressed our KHQs.ConclusionAll 11 recommendations and 7 supporting good practice developed here were formulated de novo.Clinical implicationsThese recommendations build on the number and quality of recommendations in this area, and facilitate the optimised use of metformin when managing AIWG.
Founder mutation in myosin-binding protein C with an early onset and a high penetrance in males
Authors: Méndez Irene , Fernández Ana Isabel , Espinosa Maria Ángeles , Cuenca Sofía , Lorca Rebeca , Rodríguez José Fernando , Tamargo Maria , García-Montero Marta , Gómez Cristina , Vilches Silvia , Vázquez Nélida , Álvarez Reyes , Medrano Constancio , Yotti Raquel , Fernández-Avilés Francisco , Bermejo Javier 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveOne of the challenges in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is to determine the pathogenicity of genetic variants and to establish genotype/phenotype correlations. This study aimed to: (1) demonstrate thatMYBPC3c.2149–1G>A is a founder pathogenic variant, (2) describe the phenotype and clinical characteristics of mutation carriers and (3) compare these patients with those with the most frequent pathogenic HCM variants:MYBPC3p.Arg502Trp/Gln.MethodsWe reviewed genetic tests performed in HCM probands at our institution. We carried out transcript analyses to demonstrate the splicing effect, and haplotype analyses to support the founder effect ofMYBPC3c.2149–1G>A. Carriers with this mutation were compared with those fromMYBPC3p.Arg502Trp/Gln in terms of presentation features, imaging and outcomes.ResultsMYBPC3c.2149–1G>A was identified in 8 of 570 probands and 25 relatives. Penetrance was age and sex dependent, 50.0% of the carriers over age 36 years and 75.0% of the carriers over 40 years showing HCM. Penetrance was significantly higher in males: in carriers older than 30 years old, 100.0% of males vs 50.0% of females had a HCM phenotype (p=0.01). Males were also younger at diagnosis (32±13 vs 53±10 years old, p<0.001).MYBPC3c.2149–1G>A resulted in an abnormal transcript that led to haploinsufficiency and was segregated in two haplotypes. However, both came from one founder haplotype. Affected carriers showed a better functional class and higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) than patients withMYBPC3p.Arg502Trp/Gln (p<0.05 for both). Nevertheless, the rate of major adverse outcomes was similar between the two groups.ConclusionsMYBPC3c.2149–1G>A splicing variant is a founder mutation. Affected males show an early onset of HCM and with higher penetrance than women. Carriers show better functional class and higher LVEF thanMYBPC3p.Arg502Trp/Gln carriers, but a similar rate of major adverse outcomes.
The influence of a basic military training diet on whole blood fatty acid profile and the Omega-3 Index of Australian Army recruits
Authors: Peoples Gregory E. , Larsen Penelope , Bowes Heather M. , Coombes Jarrin , Drain Jace R. , Groeller Herbert , McLennan Peter L. 
Published: September 2021

This study described the whole blood fatty acid profile and Omega-3 Index (O3I) of Australian Army recruits at the commencement and completion of basic military training (BMT). Eighty males (17–34 y, 77.4 ± 13.0 kg, 43.5 ± 4.3 mL/kg/min) and 37 females (17–45 y, 64.3 ± 8.8 kg, 39.3 ± 2.7 mL/kg/min) volunteered to participate (N = 117). Whole blood samples of each recruit were collected using a finger prick in weeks 1 and 11 (n = 82) and analysed via gas chromatography for the relative proportions of each fatty acid (mean [95% confidence interval]). The macronutrient characteristics of the diet offerings was also determined. At commencement there was a low omega-3 status (sum of omega-3; 4.95% [4.82–5.07]) and O3I (5.03% [4.90–5.16]) and no recruit recorded an O3I >8% (desirable). The omega-6/omega-3 (7.04 [6.85–7.23]) and arachidonic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid (AA/EPA) (18.70 [17.86–19.53]) ratios for the cohort were also undesirable. The BMT mess menu provided a maximum of 190 mg/day of EPA and 260 mg/day of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The O3I of the recruits was lower by week 11 (4.62% [4.51–4.78], p < 0.05), the omega-6/omega-3 increased (7.27 [7.07–7.47], p < 0.05) and the AA/EPA remained elevated (17.85 [16.89–18.81]). In conclusion, Australian Army recruits’ omega-3 status remained undesirable during BMT and deserves nutritional attention.Novelty: Australian Army recruits’ Omega-3 Index, at the commencement of BMT, was reflective of the Western-style diet. The BMT diet offered minimum opportunity for daily EPA and DHA consumption. Every recruit experienced a further reduction of their Omega-3 Index during BMT.
Stoichiomorphic halogen-bonded cocrystals: a case study of 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene and 3-nitropyridine
Authors: Hajjar Christelle , Nag Tamali , Al Sayed Hashim , Ovens Jeffrey S. , Bryce David L. 
Published: September 2021

The concept of variable stoichiometry cocrystallization is explored in halogen-bonded systems. Three novel cocrystals of 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene and 3-nitropyridine with molar ratios of 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2, respectively, are prepared by slow evaporation methods. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals key differences between each of the nominally similar cocrystals. For instance, the 1:1 cocrystal crystallizes in the P21/n space group and features a single chemically and crystallographically unique halogen bond between iodine and the pyridyl nitrogen. The 2:1 cocrystal crystallizes in the [Formula: see text] space group and features a halogen bond between iodine and one of the nitro oxygens in addition to an iodine–nitrogen halogen bond. The 1:2 cocrystal crystallizes with a large unit cell (V = 9896 Å3) in the Cc space group and features 10 crystallographically distinct iodine-nitrogen halogen bonds. Powder X-ray diffraction experiments carried out on the 1:1 and 2:1 cocrystals confirm that gentle grinding does not alter the crystal forms. 1H → 13C and 19F → 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR experiments performed on powdered samples of the 1:1 and 2:1 cocrystals are used as spectral editing tools to select for either the halogen bond acceptor or donor, respectively. Carbon-13 chemical shifts in the cocrystals are shown to change only very subtly relative to pure solid 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene, but the shift of the carbon directly bonded to iodine nevertheless increases, consistent with halogen bond formation (e.g., a shift of +1.6 ppm for the 2:1 cocrystal). This work contributes new examples to the field of variable stoichiometry cocrystal engineering with halogen bonds.
Dyonic Reissner–Nordstrom black holes and superradiant stability
Authors: Zou Yi-Feng , Xu Jun-Huai , Mai Zhan-Feng , Huang Jia-Hui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBlack holes immersed in magnetic fields are believed to be important systems in astrophysics. One interesting topic on these systems is their superradiant stability property. In the present paper, we analytically obtain the superradiantly stable regime for the asymptotically flat dyonic Reissner–Nordstrom black holes with charged massive scalar perturbation. The effective potential experienced by the scalar perturbation in the dyonic black hole background is obtained and analyzed. It is found that the dyonic black hole is superradiantly stable in the regime $$0<r_{-}/r_{+}<2/3$$

0
<

r
-

/

r
+

<
2
/
3

, where $$r_\pm $$

r
±

are the event horizons of the dyonic black hole. Compared with the purely electrically charged Reissner–Nordstrom black hole case, our result indicates that the additional coupling of the charged scalar perturbation with the magnetic filed makes the black hole and scalar perturbation system more superradiantly unstable, which provides further evidence on the instability induced by magnetic field in black hole superradiance process.
Direct observation of transitions between quantum states with energy differences below 10 neV employing a Sona unit
Authors: Engels Ralf , Büscher Markus , Buske Paul , Gan Yuchen , Grigoryev Kirill , Hanhart Christoph , Huxold Lukas , Kannis Chrysovalantis S. , Lehrach Andreas , Soltner Helmut , Verhoeven Vincent 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The direct access to atomic transitions between close by quantum states employing standard spectroscopic methods is often limited by the size of the necessary radio-frequency cavities. Here we report on a new tool for fundamental spectroscopy measurements that can overcome this shortcoming. For this, a Sona transition unit was used, i.e., two opposed solenoidal coils that provide an oscillating field in the rest frame of the through-going atomic beam. In this way, we were able to control the induced photon energy down to 10 neV or $$f \sim $$

f
∼

MHz. The tuneable parameter is the velocity of the atomic beam. For illustration of the method, we report a measurement of the hyperfine splitting energies between the substates with $$F=1$$

F
=
1

and $$m_F = -1, 0, +1$$

m
F

=
-
1
,
0
,
+
1

of $$2S_{1/2}$$

2

S

1
/
2

metastable hydrogen atoms as function of a magnetic field.

Graphic Abstract
On the spread of ultrafine particulate matter: A mathematical model for motor vehicle emissions and their effects as an asthma trigger
Authors: Rosado-Pérez Michelle N. , Ríos-Soto Karen 
Published: September 2021

Asthma is a respiratory disease that affects the lungs, with a prevalence of 339.4 million people worldwide [G. Marks, N. Pearce, D. Strachan, I. Asher and P. Ellwood, The Global Asthma Report 2018, globalasthmareport.org (2018)]. Many factors contribute to the high prevalence of asthma, but with the rise of the industrial age, air pollutants have become one of the main Ultrafine particles (UFPs), which are a type of air pollutant that can affect asthmatics the most. These UFPs originate primarily from the combustion of motor vehicles [P. Solomon, Ultrafine particles in ambient air. EM: Air and Waste Management Association’s Magazine for Environmental Managers (2012)] and although in certain places some regulations to control their emission have been implemented they might not be enough. In this work, a mathematical model of reaction–diffusion type is constructed to study how UFPs grow and disperse in the environment and in turn how they affect an asthmatic population. Part of our focus is on the existence of traveling wave solutions and their minimum asymptotic speed of pollutant propagation [Formula: see text]. Through the analysis of the model it was possible to identify the necessary threshold conditions to control the pollutant emissions and consequently reduce the asthma episodes in the population. Analytical and numerical results from this work prove how harmful the UFEs are for the asthmatic population and how they can exacerbate their asthma episodes.
Exploring New Approaches for Locally Advanced Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinomas: TNT, Irinotecan, and ctDNA
Authors: Catenacci Daniel V.T. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The authors of a recent pilot study incorporated novel concepts including total neoadjuvant therapy with induction triplet FOLFIRINOX then chemoradiotherapy before surgery, along with ctDNA minimal residual disease analyses demonstrating both feasibility of this approach as well as confirming prognostic value of ctDNA analysis before and after surgery.
See related article by Wo et al., p. 6343
Comparison of Transvalvular Aortic Mean Gradients Obtained by Intraprocedural Echocardiography and Invasive Measurement in Balloon and Self‐Expanding Transcatheter Valves
Authors: Abbas Amr E. , Mando Ramy , Kadri Amer , Khalili Houman , Hanzel George , Shannon Francis , Al‐Azizi Karim , Waggoner Thomas , Kassas Safwan , Pilgrim Thomas , Okuno Taishi , Camacho Alexander , Selberg Alexandra , Elmariah Sammy , Bavry Anthony , Ternacle Julien , Christensen Jared , Gheewala Neil , Pibarot Philippe , Mack Michael 
Published: September 2021

Background
Concerns about discordance between echocardiographic and invasive mean gradients after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with balloon‐expandable valves (BEVs) versus self‐expanding valves (SEVs) exist.

Methods and Results

In a multicenter study, direct‐invasive and echocardiography‐derived transvalvular mean gradients obtained before and after TAVR were compared as well as post‐TAVR and discharge echocardiographic mean gradients in BEVs versus SEVs in 808 patients. Pre‐TAVR, there was good correlation (
R
=0.614;
P
<0.0001) between direct‐invasive and echocardiography‐derived mean gradients and weak correlation (
R
=0.138;
P
<0.0001) post‐TAVR. Compared with post‐TAVR echocardiographic mean gradients, both valves exhibit lower invasive and higher discharge echocardiographic mean gradients. Despite similar invasive mean gradients, a small BEV exhibits higher post‐TAVR and discharge echocardiographic mean gradients than a large BEV, whereas small and large SEVs exhibit similar post‐TAVR and discharge mean gradients. An ejection fraction <50% (
P
=0.028) and higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality score (
P
=0.007), but not invasive or echocardiographic mean gradient ≥10 mm Hg (
P
=0.378 and
P
=0.341, respectively), nor discharge echocardiographic mean gradient ≥20 mm Hg (
P
=0.393), were associated with increased 2‐year mortality.

Conclusions
Invasively measured and echocardiography‐derived transvalvular mean gradients correlate well in aortic stenosis but weakly post‐TAVR. Post‐TAVR, echocardiography overestimates transvalvular mean gradients compared with invasive measurements, and poor correlation suggests these modalities cannot be used interchangeably. Moreover, echocardiographic mean gradients are higher on discharge than post‐TAVR in all valves. Despite similar invasive mean gradients, a small BEV exhibits higher post‐TAVR and discharge echocardiographic mean gradients than a large BEV, whereas small and large SEVs exhibit similar post‐TAVR and discharge mean gradients. Immediately post‐TAVR, elevated echocardiographic‐derived mean gradients should be assessed with caution and compared with direct‐invasive mean gradients. A low ejection fraction and higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons score, but not elevated mean gradients, are associated with increased 2‐year mortality.
Importance of Risk Assessment in Timing of Invasive Coronary Evaluation and Treatment of Patients With Non–ST‐Segment–Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome: Insights From the VERDICT Trial
Authors: Butt Jawad H. , Kofoed Klaus F. , Kelbæk Henning , Hansen Peter R. , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Høfsten Dan , Holmvang Lene , Pedersen Frants , Bang Lia E. , Sigvardsen Per E. , Clemmensen Peter , Linde Jesper J. , Heitmann Merete , Hove Jens Dahlgaard , Abdulla Jawdat , Gislason Gunnar , Engstrøm Thomas , Køber Lars 
Published: September 2021

Background
The optimal timing of invasive examination and treatment of high‐risk patients with non–ST‐segment–elevation acute coronary syndrome has not been established. We investigated the efficacy of early invasive coronary angiography compared with standard‐care invasive coronary angiography on the risk of all‐cause mortality according to the GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) risk score in a predefined subgroup analysis of the VERDICT (Very Early Versus Deferred Invasive Evaluation Using Computerized Tomography) trial.

Methods and Results

Patients with clinical suspicion of non–ST‐segment–elevation acute coronary syndrome with ECG changes indicating new ischemia and/or elevated troponin, in whom invasive coronary angiography was clinically indicated and deemed logistically feasible within 12 hours, were eligible for inclusion. Patients were randomized 1:1 to an early (≤12 hours) or standard (48–72 hours) invasive strategy. The primary outcome of the present study was all‐cause mortality. Of 2147 patients randomized in the VERDICT trial, 2092 patients had an available GRACE risk score. Of these, 1021 (48.8%) patients had a GRACE score >140. During a median follow‐up of 4.1 years, 192 (18.8%) and 54 (5.0%) patients died in the high and low GRACE score groups, respectively. The risk of death with the early invasive strategy was increased in patients with a GRACE score ≤140 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.04 [95% CI, 1.16–3.59]), whereas there was a trend toward a decreased risk of death with the early invasive strategy in patients with a GRACE score >140 (HR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.63–1.10]) (
P
interaction
=0.006).

Conclusions
In patients with non–ST‐segment–elevation acute coronary syndrome, we found a significant interaction between timing of invasive coronary angiography and GRACE score on the risk of death. Randomized clinical trials are warranted to establish the efficacy and safety among high‐risk and low‐risk patients with non–ST‐segment–elevation acute coronary syndrome.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02061891.