bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
English Accentuation in Terms of the Present-Day Linguoculturological Realia
Authors: Дечева С.В. , Копанева А.В. 
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматривается своеобразие лингвокультурологически обусловленной акцентуации в современном английском языке. Несмотря на значительное количество работ, посвященных явлению дополнительной слоговой и словесной выделенности, до сих пор при его изучении основной упор, как правило, делается на грамматико-синтаксические и лексико-фразеологические предпосылки его возникновения. Что же касается этических аспектов, таких как различный менталитет участников общения или же свойственные тому или иному языковому коллективу особенности оформления речи, которые также влияют на местоположение и выбор просодических средств, участвующих в реализации акцентного выделения, то они все еще остаются во многом не раскрытыми и требуют более подробного освещения. В этой связи предпринятый в данной работе анализ публичных выступлений представителей британской аристократической элиты с опорой на принципы когнитивной силлабики оказывается особенно продуктивным. Результаты когнитивной обработки нашего материала свидетельствуют о том, что успешное усвоение современной английской акцентуации и осуществление эффективного и действенного общения в глобальном англоязычном пространстве становятся возможными только при учете лингвокультурологических предпосылок акцентного выделения и последних инновационных процессов в английской культуре речи.
This article deals with the linguoculturological aspect of accentuation in modern British English. Although the phenomenon of accent is a very prolific subject both in this country and abroad, so far the effect of additional prominence in different genres of intellective communication has been studied mostly from the viewpoint of its grammatical, syntactic or lexical-phraseological antecedents. However, there is a whole range of other, no less significant, social-cultural-historical, psychological as well as ethical factors, such as the speakers’ worldview or the phonetic and linguistic outlook typical of the representatives of this or that speech community, which also play an important role in the localisation of accents and the choice of the prosodic means that make for their accentual highlighting in the flow of speech. These aspects of accentuation have not yet received all the attention they deserve and require further elaboration and interpretation in phonetic and, especially, syllabic terms. The cognitive processing of public speeches belonging to the members of the British aristocracy turns out to be highly illuminating in this respect. Our material indicates that in order to make accentuation part of our philological proficiency and optimize the process of communication in the English language as a lingua franca we need to take into account both the ethical properties of the phenomenon in question and the innovative trends in the present-day British English speaking culture.
Social and digital transformation: a source of legal problems
Authors: BARANOV O. 
Published: November 2021

The nature of origin, essence, content and features of social and digital transformation are analyzed. The definition of the terms “social transformation” and “digital transformation” is substantiated in the interests of legal science. The sources and content of legal problems that may arise in the formation of legal support for social and digital transformation in modern society are clarified. Examples of such legal problems are given.
New Horizons Detection of the Local Galactic Lyman-α Background
Authors: Gladstone G. Randall , Pryor Wayne R. , Hall Doyle T. , Kammer Joshua A. , Strobel Darrell F. , Weaver Harold A. , Spencer John R. , Retherford Kurt D. , Versteeg Maarten H. , Davis Michael W. , Young Leslie A. , Steffl Andrew J. , Parker Joel Wm. , Lisse Carey M. , Singer Kelsi N. , Stern S. Alan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Since 2007 the Alice spectrograph on the New Horizons (NH) spacecraft has been used to periodically observe the Lyman-α (Lyα) emissions of the interplanetary medium (IPM), which mostly result from resonant scattering of solar Lyα emissions by interstellar hydrogen atoms passing through the solar system. Three observations of IPM Lyα along a single great circle were made during the NH cruise to Pluto, and these have been supplemented by observations along six great circles (spread over the sky at 30° intervals), acquired one month before and one day after the NH flyby of Pluto, and on a further five occasions since then, out to just over 47 au from the Sun. These data indicate a distant Lyα background of 43 ± 3 Rayleigh brightness (equivalent to 56 ± 4 nW m−2 sr−1), which is present in all directions (i.e., not only in the upstream direction, as previously reported). This result is found independently by: (1) the falloff with distance from the Sun of the IPM Lyα brightness observed by NH–Alice in several directions on the sky, and (2) the residual between the observed brightness and a model brightness accounting for the resonantly scattered solar Lyα component alone. The repeated observations show that this distant Lyα background is constant and uniform over the sky, and represents the local Galactic Lyα background. The observations show no strong correlation with the cloud structure of the local IPM. The observed brightness constrains the absorption coefficient of interstellar dust at Lyα to 0.2 ± 0.01 kpc−1.
Investigating the Physical Properties and Fragmentation of the AFGL 333-Ridge
Authors: Liang Xiaolian , Xu Jin-Long , Wang Jun-Jie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present multiwavelength data to investigate the physical properties and fragmentation of AFGL 333-Ridge. A statistical analysis of velocity dispersion indicates that turbulence is the dominant motion in the ridge. However, the linear mass density (1124.0 M
⊙/pc) of AFGL 333-Ridge far exceeds its critical value of 406.5 M
⊙/pc, suggesting that additional motions are required to prevent the filament radial collapse. Using the getsources algorithm, we identified 14 cores from the Herschel maps, including two protostellar cores and 12 starless cores. All of these starless cores are gravitationally bound, and are therefore considered to be prestellar cores. Based on their radius-mass relation, 11 of 14 cores have the potential to form massive stars. Moreover, the seven cores in two subfilaments of AFGL 333-Ridge seem to constitute two necklace-like chains with a spacing length of 0.51 and 0.45 pc, respectively. Compared the spacing length with theoretical prediction lengths by Jeans and cylindrical fragmentations, we argued that the combination of turbulence and thermal pressure may lead to the fragmentation of the two subfilaments into the cores.
Disentangling the Physical Origin of Emission Line Ratio Offsets at High Redshift with Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy
Authors: Hirtenstein Jessie , Jones Tucker , Sanders Ryan L. , Martin Crystal L. , Cooper M. C. , Brammer Gabriel , Treu Tommaso , Schmidt Kasper , Shapley Alice 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present spatially resolved Hubble Space Telescope grism spectroscopy of 15 galaxies at z ∼ 0.8 drawn from the DEEP2 survey. We analyze Hα+[N ii], [S ii], and [S iii] emission on kiloparsec scales to explore which mechanisms are powering emission lines at high redshifts, testing which processes may be responsible for the well-known offset of high-redshift galaxies from the z ∼ 0 locus in the [O iii]/Hβ versus [N ii]/Hα Baldwin—Phillips—Terlevich (BPT) excitation diagram. We study spatially resolved emission-line maps to examine evidence for active galactic nuclei (AGN), shocks, diffuse ionized gas (DIG), or escaping ionizing radiation, all of which may contribute to the BPT offsets observed in our sample. We do not find significant evidence of AGN in our sample and quantify that, on average, AGN would need to contribute ∼25% of the Hα flux in the central resolution element in order to cause the observed BPT offsets. We find weak (2σ) evidence of DIG emission at low surface brightnesses, yielding an implied total DIG emission fraction of ∼20%, which is not significant enough to be the dominant emission line driver in our sample. In general we find that the observed emission is dominated by star-forming H ii regions. We discuss trends with demographic properties and the possible role of α-enhanced abundance patterns in the emission spectra of high-redshift galaxies. Our results indicate that photoionization modeling with stellar population synthesis inputs is a valid tool to explore the specific star formation properties which may cause BPT offsets, to be explored in future work.
Improved Measurements of Molecular Cloud Distances Based on Global Search
Authors: Yan Qing-Zeng , Yang Ji , Su Yang , Sun Yan , Xu Ye , Wang Hongchi , Zhou Xin , Wang Chen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The principle of the background-eliminated extinction-parallax (BEEP) method is examining the extinction difference between on- and off-cloud regions to reveal the extinction jump caused by molecular clouds, thereby revealing the distance in complex dust environments. The BEEP method requires high-quality images of molecular clouds and high-precision stellar parallaxes and extinction data, which can be provided by the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting (MWISP) CO survey and the Gaia DR2 catalog, as well as supplementary A

V
extinction data. In this work, the BEEP method is further improved (BEEP-II) to measure molecular cloud distances in a global search manner. Applying the BEEP-II method to three regions mapped by the MWISP CO survey, we collectively measured 238 distances for 234 molecular clouds. Compared with previous BEEP results, the BEEP-II method measures distances efficiently, particularly for those molecular clouds with large angular size or in complicated environments, making it suitable for distance measurements of molecular clouds in large samples.
Discovery of a 310 Day Period from the Enshrouded Massive System NaSt1 (WR 122)
Authors: Lau Ryan M. , Tinyanont Samaporn , Hankins Matthew J. , Ashley Michael C. B. , De Kishalay , Filippenko Alexei V. , Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Mauerhan Jon C. , Moffat Anthony F. J. , Moore Anna M. , Smith Nathan , Soon Jamie , Soria Roberto , Travouillon Tony , van der Hucht Karel A. , Williams Peredur M. , Zheng WeiKang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present optical and infrared (IR) light curves of NaSt1, also known as Wolf–Rayet 122, with observations from Palomar Gattini-IR (PGIR), the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), the Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope, the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System, and the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN). We identify a P = 309.7 ± 0.7 day photometric period from the optical and IR light curves that reveal periodic, sinusoidal variability between 2014 July and 2021 July. We also present historical IR light curves taken between 1983 July and 1989 May, which show variability consistent with the period of the present-day light curves. In the past, NaSt1 was brighter in the J band with larger variability amplitudes than the present-day PGIR values, suggesting that NaSt1 exhibits variability on longer (≳decade) timescales. Sinusoidal fits to the recent optical and IR light curves show that the amplitude of NaSt1's variability differs at various wavelengths and also reveal significant phase offsets of 17.0 ± 2.5 day between the ZTF r and PGIR J light curves. We interpret the 310 day photometric period from NaSt1 as the orbital period of an enshrouded massive binary. We suggest that the photometric variability of NaSt1 may arise from variations in the line-of-sight optical depth toward circumstellar optical/IR-emitting regions throughout its orbit due to colliding-wind dust formation. We speculate that past mass transfer in NaSt1 may have been triggered by Roche-lobe overflow (RLOF) during an eruptive phase of an Ofpe/WN9 star. Lastly, we argue that NaSt1 is no longer undergoing RLOF mass transfer.
Steep Cosmic-Ray Spectra with Revised Diffusive Shock Acceleration
Authors: Diesing Rebecca , Caprioli Damiano 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) are accelerated at the forward shocks of supernova remnants (SNRs) via diffusive shock acceleration (DSA), an efficient acceleration mechanism that predicts power-law energy distributions of CRs. However, observations of nonthermal SNR emission imply CR energy distributions that are generally steeper than E
−2, the standard DSA prediction. Recent results from kinetic hybrid simulations suggest that such steep spectra may arise from the drift of magnetic structures with respect to the thermal plasma downstream of the shock. Using a semi-analytic model of nonlinear DSA, we investigate the implications that these results have on the phenomenology of a wide range of SNRs. By accounting for the motion of magnetic structures in the downstream, we produce CR energy distributions that are substantially steeper than E
−2 and consistent with observations. Our formalism reproduces both modestly steep spectra of Galactic SNRs (∝E
−2.2) and the very steep spectra of young radio supernovae (∝E
−3).
Star Formation Regulation and Self-pollution by Stellar Wind Feedback
Authors: Lancaster Lachlan , Ostriker Eve C. , Kim Jeong-Gyu , Kim Chang-Goo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Stellar winds contain enough energy to easily disrupt the parent cloud surrounding a nascent star cluster, and for this reason they have long been considered candidates for regulating star formation. However, direct observations suggest most wind power is lost, and Lancaster et al. recently proposed that this is due to efficient mixing and cooling processes. Here we simulate star formation with wind feedback in turbulent, self-gravitating clouds, extending our previous work. Our simulations cover clouds with an initial surface density of 102–104
M
⊙ pc−2 and show that star formation and residual gas dispersal are complete within two to eight initial cloud freefall times. The “efficiently cooled” model for stellar wind bubble evolution predicts that enough energy is lost for the bubbles to become momentum-driven; we find that this is satisfied in our simulations. We also find that wind energy losses from turbulent, radiative mixing layers dominate losses by “cloud leakage” over the timescales relevant for star formation. We show that the net star formation efficiency (SFE) in our simulations can be explained by theories that apply wind momentum to disperse cloud gas, allowing for highly inhomogeneous internal cloud structure. For very dense clouds, the SFE is similar to those observed in extreme star-forming environments. Finally, we find that, while self-pollution by wind material is insignificant in cloud conditions with moderate density (only ≲10−4 of the stellar mass originated in winds), our simulations with conditions more typical of a super star cluster have star particles that form with as much as 1% of their mass in wind material.
High Systemic Type I Interferon Activity Is Associated With Active Class III/IV Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Iwamoto Taro , Dorschner Jessica M. , Selvaraj Shanmugapriya , Mezzano Valeria , Jensen Mark A. , Vsetecka Danielle , Amin Shreyasee , Makol Ashima , Osborn Thomas , Moder Kevin , Chowdhary Vaidehi R. , Izmirly Peter , Belmont H. Michael , Clancy Robert M. , Buyon Jill P. , Wu Ming , Loomis Cynthia A. , Niewold Timothy B. 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivePrevious studies suggest a link between high serum type I interferon (IFN) and lupus nephritis (LN). We determined whether serum IFN activity is associated with subtypes of LN and studied renal tissues and cells to understand the effect of IFN in LN.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty-one patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were studied. Serum IFN activity was measured by WISH bioassay. mRNA in situ hybridization was used in renal tissue to measure expression of the representative IFN-induced gene, IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats-1 (IFIT1), and the plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) marker gene C-type lectin domain family-4 member C (CLEC4C). Podocyte cell line gene expression was measured by real-time PCR.ResultsClass III/IV LN prevalence was significantly increased in patients with high serum IFN compared with those with low IFN (odds ratio 5.40, P = 0.009). In multivariate regression models, type I IFN was a stronger predictor of class III/IV LN than complement C3 or anti-dsDNA antibody, and could account for the association of these variables with LN. IFIT1 expression was increased in all classes of LN, but most in the glomerular areas of active class III/IV LN kidneys. IFIT1 expression was not closely colocalized with pDCs. IFN directly activated podocyte cell lines to induce chemokines and proapoptotic molecules.ConclusionSystemic high IFN is involved in the pathogenesis of severe LN. We did not find colocalization of pDCs with IFN signature in renal tissue, and instead observed the greatest intensity of the IFN signature in glomerular areas, which could suggest a blood source of IFN.
Exploring Family Planning, Parenting, and Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Experiences of Men With Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Stransky Olivia , Hunt Nicole , Richards John Steuart , Talabi Mehret Birru 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo explore family planning, parenting, and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care needs and experiences of men with rheumatic diseases.MethodsMen aged 18–45 years who were diagnosed with at least 1 rheumatic disease and used at least 1 antirheumatic drug were recruited from rheumatology clinics. Research coordinators engaged participants in semistructured phone interviews. A codebook was developed based on the interview transcripts and used to conduct an inductive thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants ranged in age from 22 to 44 years (n = 20). Most were heterosexual and had at least 1 child. The most common disease diagnoses were spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Four themes emerged from the interviews: (1) Men had family planning concerns, particularly related to the heritability of their diseases, their fertility, and potential effects of their medications on their offspring’s health. (2) Men felt that fatigue, disability, and/or pain from their diseases either impaired or would impair their abilities to parent. (3) Men often did not discuss sexual dysfunction with their rheumatologists, even when they believed that it arose from their diseases or antirheumatic drugs. (4) Men rarely discussed any family planning, parenting, or SRH issues with their rheumatologists; gender discordance with rheumatologists did not affect men’s comfort in discussing these issues.ConclusionMen expressed concerns related to family planning, parenting, and SRH, which they rarely discussed with their rheumatologists. Our study suggests that some men’s SRH information needs are incompletely addressed in the rheumatology clinical setting.
Promouvoir l’Europe sociale par le droit et la justice : l’action de la Confédération européenne des syndicats et ses évolutions
Authors: Louis Julien 
Published: November 2021

Cet article analyse l’action juridique et judiciaire de la Confédération européenne des syndicats (CES), en revenant sur la construction de ce mode d’action et ses effets sur l’Europe sociale. Il met d’abord en évidence le désintérêt du syndicalisme européen pour les questions juridiques lors des premières années de la construction européenne, où la revendication du plein-emploi prime sur l’élaboration d’une législation sociale européenne. L’article montre ensuite que le « moment Delors » correspond à l’inscription du droit dans les pratiques et les objectifs de la CES, avec la mise en place du dialogue social européen et l’adoption de plusieurs directives sociales. Enfin, il étudie les usages syndicaux de la justice européenne à la suite d’une mobilisation judiciaire fondatrice auprès de la Cour de Justice de l’Union européenne (CJUE), les affaires « Viking » et « Laval » (années 2000-2010), tout en soulignant l’intérêt renouvelé de la CES pour l’Organisation internationale du travail et le Conseil de l’Europe à la suite de ces affaires.
An Army of Fighters for Freedom. The social environment of the first Mont-Pèlerin Society conference
Authors: Innset Ola 
Published: November 2021

Lors de la conférence qu’il donne à l’université de Stanford en 1944, Friedrich Hayek confesse vouloir lever « une armée de combattants pour la liberté ». Cette armée, il parvient à la mobiliser, quelque trois années plus tard, lors d’une conférence de dix jours dans les Alpes suisses, marquant la fondation de la Société du Mont-Pèlerin. A travers une exploration méthodique des usages adoptés par les participants et des prises de position exprimées lors des débats, cet article se propose de passer les troupes en revue, sous un angle à la fois historique, psychologique et social : un groupe transnational de penseurs néolibéraux, souvent issus de l’aristocratie ou de la bourgeoisie, et principalement orientés à droite de l’échiquier politique. Cette analyse ne saurait toutefois conclure à un portrait parfaitement uniforme des débats. La présence de participants aux origines sociales plus modestes, généralement américains, a su apporter une réelle diversité dans les échanges et contribuer à casser le discours ambiant. Les discussions menées sur la redistribution et la pauvreté en sont l’exemple le plus saillant : sous le feu de tirs nourris, Milton Friedman y présente notamment sa célèbre proposition d’impôt négatif sur le revenu.
Les deux inflations. Essai de modélisation
Authors: Levy-Garboua Vivien , Maarek Gérard 
Published: November 2021

Le marché des biens de luxe d’occasion connaît aujourd’hui une croissance rapide, liée à la fois à une évolution des goûts des consommateurs, au développement du e-commerce, notamment des enchères en ligne, et à un engouement de la génération Y pour ces biens. Après avoir présenté l’évolution de ce marché, cet article compare les trois principaux mécanismes de vente en ligne qui coexistent actuellement sur différentes plateformes : les enchères en ligne, les ventes à prix fixe et les mécanismes hybrides. Il analyse leur impact sur les prix et les probabilités de transaction en fonction des préférences des acheteurs et des vendeurs et montre en quoi les facteurs émotionnels spécifiques aux enchères peuvent également influencer les résultats.
Aortic stiffness in hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Alatas Emine Tugba , Biteker Murat , Alataş Ömer Doğan 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Although increased aortic stiffness has been observed in chronic inflammatory skin diseases, it has not been examined in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS).

Objectives:
This study aimed to compare aortic stiffness among HS patients and non-HS controls and to investigate the relation between aortic stiffness and disease severity in HS.

Methods:
Thirty-eight HS patients, and 76 age- and sex-matched controls were studied. Patients who had diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, or other inflammatory conditions were excluded. Aortic stiffness was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. Disease severity and activity were assessed using Hurley stage, and physician global assessment (PGA) score, respectively. Severe disease was defined as Hurley stage III, or PGA scores ≥3.

Results:
The patients with HS had increased aortic stiffness determined by decreased strain and distensibility compared to control group patients. A significant negative correlation was found between aortic stiffness indices and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, duration of the disease, Hurley stage, and PGA score. Multivariate analysis revealed the aortic strain and aortic distensibility were predictors of severe disease for Hurley stage III.

Conclusion:
Aortic stiffness is increased and associated with the severity of the disease in patients with HS.