bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral and central smell regions in COVID-19 positive patients: an MRI evaluation
Authors: Burulday Veysel , Sayar Merve Sefa , Bayar Muluk Nuray 
Published: July 2021

Background Coronaviruses may lead to invasion of the central nervous system. Purpose To investigate the effects of COVID-19 infection on smell using cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and Methods Cranial MRI scans of 23 patients with COVID-19 (patient group [PG]) and 23 healthy controls (HCs) were evaluated. Peripheric (olfactory bulb [OB] volume and olfactory sulcus [OS] depth) and central (insular gyrus and corpus amygdala areas) smell regions were measured. Results Smell loss was present in nine patients (39.1%) in the PG. The means of the disease duration and antiviral treatment were 3.00 ± 2.35 and 5.65 ± 1.72 days, respectively. OB volumes of the PG were significantly lower than those of the HCs bilaterally. However, no significant differences were observed between the OS depth, insular gyrus, and corpus amygdala areas of both groups. The left corpus amygdala areas were both increased with the increased disease ( P = 0.035, r = 0.442) and treatment durations ( P = 0.037, r = 0.438). In the PG, longer treatment duration, increase in C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocyte count decrease, and positive thoracic computed tomography (CT) involvement were related to OS depth decrease. Right corpus amygdala areas increased in patients with COVID-19 with increased D-dimer values, and thoracic CT involvement was detected. Conclusion COVID-19 disease affects the peripheric smell region of OBs and does not affect the central smell regions of the insular gyrus and corpus amygdala areas. The importance of our study is to detect MRI findings in patients with COVID-19 leading to odor disorders. These findings may help in diagnosing the disease at an early stage.
Increasing Transparency and Feasibility of Auto Accessibility for Project Prioritization
Authors: Boateng Richard A. , Miller John S. 
Published: July 2021

Accessibility, the number of time-decayed jobs available to each zone within a region, can help prioritize candidate transportation investments. This paper demonstrates how to compute auto accessibility using commonly available resources and identifies strategies needed to render calculations feasible and transparent. (The scope excludes transit and pedestrian impacts.) For the first objective, computational solutions included developing a semi-automated method to import legacy transportation networks, automating turn prohibitions, and using an algorithm to check for inconsistently formed service areas that sometimes occur in a random fashion with geographic information system software. Failure to exercise quality control using these approaches gives erroneous results: not solving the problem of inconsistently formed service areas led to a region within 50 mi of a 1-mi corridor (where improvements are proposed) having an accessibility almost 40 times higher than the correct value. For the second objective, the influence area (i.e., catchment radius) mattered most: for one project, the forecast accessibility improvement dropped by 80% when an area within 45 mi of the project, rather than an area within 15 mi, was the basis of the analysis. Other decisions affected forecast accessibility improvement less: the choice of the number of centroid connectors affected forecasts by an average of 23% (with a 10-mi influence area). Choosing to eliminate negative net accessibility contributions, attributed to geometric approximations in the software, affected forecasts by less than 21% (35-mi influence area or smaller). Ranking five proposed investments in relation to their forecast accessibility benefit demonstrated the importance of documenting users’ computational choices.
A Qualitative Inquiry into the Eating Behavior and Physical Activity of Adolescent Girls and Boys in Indonesia
Authors: Roshita Airin , Riddell-Carre Peter , Sjahrial Revyani , Jupp Dee , Torlesse Harriet , Izwardy Doddy , Rah Jee Hyun 
Published: July 2021

Background: Despite the rising double burden of malnutrition, adolescent nutrition has received little attention in Indonesia. Eating and physical activity behaviors established in adolescence are known to track into adulthood and may contribute to chronic diseases in later life. This study aimed to explore the eating behaviors and physical activity of Indonesian adolescents, and their influencing factors. Methods: The study, designed as a qualitative study, was conducted in 2 selected districts in Indonesia: Klaten and Lombok Barat. Data were collected through immersion, open and informal discussions, and participant observations with 302 adolescent girls and boys. Results: The eating and physical activity behaviors of adolescent boys and girls are influenced by contextual changes in their family lifestyles and environment. The adolescents in this study only conflate physical activity with participation in sport. Even when a wider view of physical activity is cast, their level of physical activity remains low, especially for adolescent girls. Adolescents and their families generally eat 3 meals a day, with schools an important source of food for adolescents. Adolescents skip breakfast at home, and breakfast and lunch are usually purchased and eaten at school. Fewer families cook and families rarely eat together due to increasingly busy lives, increased mobility, and digital connectivity. Conclusions: The rapid contextual shifts taking place in Indonesia influence the home, school, and peer environment to shape eating behaviors and physical activity among adolescent boys and girls. Gender-responsive multicomponent school-based interventions have the potential to serve as an important entry point for influencing adolescent nutrition.
Weight, Weight Perceptions, and Health and Well-Being Among Canadian Adolescents: Evidence From the 2017-2018 Canadian Community Health Survey
Authors: Chai Lei , Xue Jia 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The present study examines the extent to which (mis)matched weight and weight perceptions predict adolescents’ self-rated health, mental health, and life satisfaction. Design: Quantitative, cross-sectional study. Setting: Data from the 2017-2018 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)—a nationally representative sample collected by Statistics Canada. Participants: Canadian adolescents aged between 12 and 17 (n = 8,081). Measures: The dependent variables are self-rated health, mental health, and life satisfaction. The independent variable is (mis)matched weight and weight perceptions. Analysis: We perform a series of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models. Results: Overweight adolescents with overweight perceptions are associated with poorer self-rated health (b = −.546, p < .001 for boys; b = −.476, p < .001 for girls), mental health (b = −.278, p < .001 for boys; b = −.433, p < .001 for girls), and life satisfaction (b = −.544, p < .001 for boys; b = −.617, p < .001 for girls) compared to their counterparts with normal weight and normal weight perceptions. Similar patterns have also been observed among normal weight adolescents with overweight perceptions (e.g., normal weight adolescents with overweight perceptions are associated with poorer self-rated health (b = −.541, p < .01 for boys; b = −.447, p < .001 for girls)). Conclusion: Normal weight adolescents are not immune to adverse self-rated health, mental health, and life satisfaction because their weight perceptions are also a contributing factor to health and well-being consequences.
Self-Management Micro-Video Health Education Program for Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Ren Qingli , Shi Suhua , Yan Chen , Liu Yang , Han Wei , Lin Min , He Honggu , Shen Qu 
Published: July 2021

Self-management in hemodialysis patients is critical for optimal health outcomes. This study aimed to examine the effects of a theory-based micro-video health education program on the improvement of self-management, hemodialysis knowledge, and self-efficacy in hemodialysis patients. This quasi-experimental study employed a two group, pre- and post-test design. The sample was 80 hemodialysis patients from a dialysis center. The participants were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive routine care or a 3-month micro-video health education program. Between-group comparison showed that patients in the intervention group had significantly greater improvement in hemodialysis knowledge than those in the control group ( p < .05). However, no significant group differences were observed in terms of self-management and self-efficacy. Within-group comparison showed that the overall self-management level of patients in both groups improved significantly, particularly in problem-solving skills and self-care dimensions. Therefore, micro-video health education can improve the self-management and hemodialysis knowledge in Chinese patients undergoing hemodialysis. Trial Registration: Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study number (ChiCTR1800018172; http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx ).
Ketamine: Safe and Effective Treatment for Severe Depression
Authors: Koss Thomas Bradley 
Published: July 2021

Objective Depression resistant to standard treatment is devastating to an individual’s quality of life. Ketamine offers a safe and effective alternative to standard depression treatment, but many patients and providers are often unaware of this option. The American Association of Nurse Anesthetists and the American Psychiatric Nurses Association partnered in developing a collaborative approach to providing ketamine infusion therapy for psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this project was to disseminate information through an educational video about the safety and efficacy of outpatient low-dose ketamine infusions as an alternative therapy for treatment-resistant depression. Methods A thorough literature review was conducted in PubMed, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and Google Scholar for articles describing the safety and efficacy of ketamine use in treatment-resistant depression. Based on the current research, an educational video reporting the benefits and safety of ketamine was developed and launched on two social media platforms—YouTube and Facebook—for individuals to view. The effectiveness of the video was evaluated through the number of views, likes, shares, and comments recorded. Results At 9 months, 156 views, 60 likes, 8 shares, and 4 comments were recorded in both platforms. Comments indicated that viewers found the video informative and encouraging. Conclusions A short evidence-based educational video provides individuals with information regarding the safety and efficacy of low-dose ketamine infusions as an option for depression treatment. Ketamine outpatient clinics support and treat depressed patients who do not benefit from conventional pharmacologic medications.
Attending with family members, completion rate and benefits accrued from chronic disease self-management program
Authors: Shi Junrong , Ferretti Lisa , McCallion Phillip 
Published: July 2021

Objectives Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) has been demonstrated effective in addressing the self-management of chronic conditions among older adults. With a higher attrition rate, this study investigated whether attending with family members influenced completion of and benefits accrued from the CDSMP. Methods The baseline data were collected from CDSMP participants in New York State (n = 4184), and the follow-up data were collected from completers (attended 4+ sessions) (n = 293). Multi-level logistic regression was employed to predict the association between family accompany and program completion. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the differences in benefits from CDSMP after six months. Results Attending with family members was associated with a higher likelihood of completing the CDSMP (OR = 1.626, p < .05). All completers reported small but significant improvements in self-rated health at six months (p < .001), and the changes were greater for those with family members. Males, caregivers, those aged 65 to 84 years old, with college or above education, were more accompanied by family members. Workshops in senior centers, libraries, or educational institutions attracted more family companions. Discussion Engaging family members may increase CDSMP participants’ motivation to complete the program. CDSMP providers should encourage participants to attend with their family members.
Multidisciplinary management of laryngeal pathology identified in patients with COVID-19 following trans-laryngeal intubation and tracheostomy
Authors: Boggiano Sarah , Williams Thomas , Gill Sonya E , Alexander Peter DG , Khwaja Sadie , Wallace Sarah , McGrath Brendan A 
Published: July 2021

Background COVID-19 disease often requires invasive ventilatory support. Trans-laryngeal intubation of the trachea may cause laryngeal injury, possibly compounded by coronavirus infection. Fibreoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) provides anatomical and functional assessment of the larynx, guiding multidisciplinary management. Our aims were to observe the nature of laryngeal abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 following prolonged trans-laryngeal intubation and tracheostomy, and to describe their impact on functional laryngeal outcomes, such as tracheostomy weaning. Methods A retrospective observational cohort analysis was undertaken between March and December 2020, at a UK tertiary hospital. The Speech and Language Therapy team assessed patients recovering from COVID-19 with voice/swallowing problems identified following trans-laryngeal intubation or tracheostomy using FEES. Laryngeal pathology, treatments, and outcomes relating to tracheostomy and oral feeding were noted. Results Twenty-five FEES performed on 16 patients identified a median of 3 (IQR 2–4) laryngeal abnormalities, with 63% considered clinically significant. Most common pathologies were: oedema (n = 12, 75%); abnormal movement (n = 12, 75%); atypical lesions (n = 11, 69%); and erythema (n = 6, 38%). FEES influenced management: identifying silent aspiration (88% of patients who aspirated (n = 8)), airway patency issues impacting tracheostomy weaning (n = 8, 50%), targeted dysphagia therapy (n = 7, 44%); ENT referral (n = 6, 38%) and reflux management (n = 5, 31%). Conclusions FEES is beneficial in identifying occult pathologies and guiding management for laryngeal recovery. In our cohort, the incidence of laryngeal pathology was higher than a non-COVID-19 cohort with similar characteristics. We recommend multidisciplinary investigation and management of patients recovering from COVID-19 who required prolonged trans-laryngeal intubation and/or tracheostomy to optimise laryngeal recovery.
Active emotions and personal growth initiative fuel employees’ daily job crafting: A multilevel study
Authors: Griep Yannick , Vanbelle Els , Van den Broeck Anja , De Witte Hans 
Published: July 2021

In this study, we expand on the existing work on job crafting by focusing on (1) within-person fluctuation in affective experiences in relation to job crafting and person-job fit and (2) between-person fluctuations in personal growth initiative (PGI) as an important boundary condition of these relationships. Using multilevel data from 116 employees (341 observations), our results showed that fluctuations in positive active emotions (PAE) and negative active emotions (NAE) related positively to daily job crafting; this relationship was moderated by overall PGI levels. Next, we found a positive association between daily job crafting and daily person-job fit. Finally, we found indirect effects from NAE and PGI to daily fluctuations in person-job fit via daily fluctuations in job crafting; NAE and PGI energized employees to engage in daily job crafting, which contributed to their daily person-job alignment. We discuss implications for theory and practice. JEL CLASSIFICATION: M0
A polygenic score for acute vaso-occlusive pain in pediatric sickle cell disease
Authors: Rampersaud Evadnie , Kang Guolian , Palmer Lance E. , Rashkin Sara R. , Wang Shuoguo , Bi Wenjian , Alberts Nicole M. , Anghelescu Doralina , Barton Martha , Birch Kirby , Boulos Nidal , Brandow Amanda M. , Brooke Russell John , Chang Ti-Cheng , Chen Wenan , Cheng Yong , Ding Juan , Easton John , Hodges Jason R. , Kanne Celeste K. , Levy Shawn , Mulder Heather , Patel Ashwin P. , Puri Latika , Rosencrance Celeste , Rusch Michael , Sapkota Yadav , Sioson Edgar , Sharma Akshay , Tang Xing , Thrasher Andrew , Wang Winfred , Yao Yu , Yasui Yutaka , Yergeau Donald , Hankins Jane S. , Sheehan Vivien A. , Downing James R. , Estepp Jeremie H. , Zhang Jinghui , DeBaun Michael , Wu Gang , Weiss Mitchell J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Individuals with monogenic disorders can experience variable phenotypes that are influenced by genetic variation. To investigate this in sickle cell disease (SCD), we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 722 individuals with hemoglobin HbSS or HbSβ0-thalassemia from Baylor College of Medicine and from the St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Sickle Cell Clinical Research and Intervention Program (SCCRIP) longitudinal cohort study. We developed pipelines to identify genetic variants that modulate sickle hemoglobin polymerization in red blood cells and combined these with pain-associated variants to build a polygenic score (PGS) for acute vaso-occlusive pain (VOP). Overall, we interrogated the α-thalassemia deletion −α3.7 and 133 candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 66 genes for associations with VOP in 327 SCCRIP participants followed longitudinally over 6 years. Twenty-one SNPs in 9 loci were associated with VOP, including 3 (BCL11A, MYB, and the β-like globin gene cluster) that regulate erythrocyte fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels and 6 (COMT, TBC1D1, KCNJ6, FAAH, NR3C1, and IL1A) that were associated previously with various pain syndromes. An unweighted PGS integrating all 21 SNPs was associated with the VOP event rate (estimate, 0.35; standard error, 0.04; P = 5.9 × 10−14) and VOP event occurrence (estimate, 0.42; standard error, 0.06; P = 4.1 × 10−13). These associations were stronger than those of any single locus. Our findings provide insights into the genetic modulation of VOP in children with SCD. More generally, we demonstrate the utility of WGS for investigating genetic contributions to the variable expression of SCD-associated morbidities.
Minimal clinically important difference in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Kang Mohleen , Marts Lucian , Kempker Jordan A. , Veeraraghavan Srihari 
Published: July 2021

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive fibrosing lung disease with an estimated median survival of 2–5 years and a significant impact on quality of life (QoL). Current approved medications, pirfenidone and nintedanib, have shown a reduction in annual decline of forced vital capacity but no impact on QoL. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is a threshold value for a change in a parameter that is considered meaningful by the patient rather than solely relying on statistically significant change in the parameter. This review provides a brief overview of the MCID methodology along with detailed discussion of reported MCID values for commonly used physiological measures and patient-reported outcome measures in IPF. While there is no gold standard methodology for determining MCID, there are certain limitations in the MCID literature in IPF, mainly the choice of death, hospitalisation and pulmonary function tests as sole anchors, and pervasive use of distribution-based methods which do not take into account the patient's input. There is a critical need to identify accurate thresholds of outcome measures that reflect patient's QoL over time in order to more precisely design and evaluate future clinical trials and to develop algorithms for patient-oriented management of IPF in outpatient clinics.Educational aimsTo understand the concept of MCID and the methods used to determine these values.To understand the indications and limitations of MCID values in IPF.
Regional disparity of certified teaching hospitals on physicians’ workload and wages, and popularity among medical students in Japan
Authors: Ikki Yutaro , Yamada Masaaki , Sekine Michikazu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Regional disparities in the working conditions of medical doctors have not been fully assessed in Japan. We aimed to clarify these differences in hospital characteristics: doctors’ workload, wages, and popularity among medical students by city population sizes.

Methods
We targeted 423 teaching hospitals certified by the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine and assessed the working conditions of physicians specializing in internal medicine. We calculated their workload (the annual number of discharged patients per physician) and retrieved data on junior residents’ monthly wages from the Resinavi Book which is popular among medical students in Japan to know the teaching hospital’s information and each hospital’s website. Furthermore, we explored the interim matching rate of each hospital as its popularity among medical students. Next, we classified cities in which all hospitals were located into eight groups based on their population size and compared the characteristics of these hospitals using a one-way analysis of variance.

Results
The average workload was 110.3, while the average workload in hospitals located in most populated cities (≥ 2,000,000) was 88.4 (p < 0.05). The average monthly wage was 351,199 Japanese yen, while that in most populated cities was 305,635.1 Japanese yen. The average popularity (matching rate) was 101.9%, and the rate in most populated areas was 142.7%, which was significantly higher than in other areas.

Conclusions
Hospitals in most populated areas had significantly lower workloads and wages; however, they were more popular among medical students than those in other areas. This study was the first to quantify the regional disparities in physicians’ working conditions in Japan, and such disparities need to be corrected.