bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locally restricted glucose availability in the embryonic hypocotyl determines seed germination under abscisic acid treatment
Authors: Xue Xueyi , Yu Ya‐Chi , Wu Yue , Xue Huiling , Chen Li‐Qing 
Published: May 2021

Summary

Abiotic stresses affect plant growth and development by causing cellular damage and/or restricting resources. Plants often respond to stresses through abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Exogenous ABA application can therefore be used to mimic stress responses, which can be overridden by glucose (Glc) addition during seed germination. It remains unclear whether ABA‐mediated germination inhibition is due to regional or global suppression of Glc availability in germinating Arabidopsis seeds.

We used a genetically engineered Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor to ascertain whether ABA affects the spatiotemporal distribution of Glc, 14C‐Glc uptake assays to track potential effects of ABA on sugar import, and transcriptome and mutant analyses to identify genes associated with Glc availability that are involved in ABA‐inhibited seed germination.

Abscisic acid limits Glc in the hypocotyl largely by suppressing sugar allocation as well as altering sugar metabolism. Mutant plants carrying loss‐of‐function ABA‐inducible sucrose‐phosphate synthase (SPS) genes accumulated more Glc, leading to ABA‐insensitive germination. We reveal that Glc antagonizes ABA by globally counteracting the ABA influence at the transcript level, including expansin (EXP) family genes suppressed by ABA.

This study presents a new perspective on how ABA affects Glc distribution, which likely reflects what occurs when seeds are subjected to abiotic stresses such as drought and salt stress.
ZmbHLH124 identified in maize recombinant inbred lines contributes to drought tolerance in crops
Authors: Wei Shaowei , Xia Ran , Chen Chengxuan , Shang Xiaoling , Ge Fengyong , Wei Huimin , Chen Huabang , Wu Yaorong , Xie Qi 
Published: May 2021

SummaryDue to climate change, drought has become a severe abiotic stress that affects the global production of all crops. Elucidation of the complex physiological mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in crops will support the cultivation of new drought‐tolerant crop varieties. Here, two drought‐tolerant lines, RIL70 and RIL73, and two drought‐sensitive lines, RIL44 and RIL93, from recombinant inbred lines (RIL) generated from maize drought‐tolerant line PH4CV and drought‐sensitive line F9721, were selected for a comparative RNA‐seq study. Through transcriptome analyses, we found that gene expression differences existed between drought‐tolerant and ‐sensitive lines, but also differences between the drought‐tolerant lines, RIL70 and RIL73. ZmbHLH124 in RIL73, named as ZmbHLH124T‐ORG which origins from PH4CV and encodes a bHLH type transcription factor, was specifically up‐regulated during drought stress. In addition, we identified a substitution in ZmbHLH124 that produced an early stop codon in sensitive lines (ZmbHLH124S‐ORG). Overexpression of ZmbHLH124T‐ORG, but not ZmbHLH124S‐ORG, in maize and rice enhanced plant drought tolerance and up‐regulated the expression of drought‐responsive genes. Moreover, we found that ZmbHLH124T‐ORG could directly bind the cis‐acting elements in ZmDREB2A promoter to enhance its expression. Taken together, this work identified a valuable genetic locus and provided a new strategy for breeding drought‐tolerant crops.
Traveling wave solutions in a model for social outbursts in a tension‐inhibitive regime
Authors: Bakhshi Marzieh , Ghazaryan Anna , Manukian Vahagn , Rodriguez Nancy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the existence of nonmonotone traveling wave solutions to a reaction‐diffusion system modeling social outbursts, such as rioting activity, originally proposed in Berestycki et al (Netw Heterog Media. 2015;10(3):443–475). The model consists of two scalar values, the level of unrest and a tension field . A key component of the model is a bandwagon effect in the unrest, provided the tension is sufficiently high. We focus on the so‐called tension‐inhibitive regime, characterized by the fact that the level of unrest has a negative feedback on the tension. This regime has been shown to be physically relevant for the spatiotemporal spread of the 2005 French riots. We use Geometric Singular Perturbation Theory to study the existence of such solutions in two situations. The first is when both and diffuse at a very small rate. Here, the time scale over which the bandwagon effect is observed plays a key role. The second case we consider is when the tension diffuses at a much slower rate than the level of unrest. In this case, we are able to deduce that the driving dynamics are modeled by the well‐known Fisher–Kolmogorov‐Petrovsky‐Piskunov (KPP) equation.
Whitham modulation theory for generalized Whitham equations and a general criterion for modulational instability
Authors: Binswanger Adam L. , Hoefer Mark A. , Ilan Boaz , Sprenger Patrick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Whitham equation was proposed as a model for surface water waves that combines the quadratic flux nonlinearityof the Korteweg–de Vries equation and the full linear dispersion relationof unidirectional gravity water waves in suitably scaled variables. This paper proposes and analyzes a generalization of Whitham's model to unidirectional nonlinear wave equations consisting of a general nonlinear flux functionand a general linear dispersion relation. Assuming the existence of periodic traveling wave solutions to this generalized Whitham equation, their slow modulations are studied in the context of Whitham modulation theory. A multiple scales calculation yields the modulation equations, a system of three conservation laws that describe the slow evolution of the periodic traveling wave's wavenumber, amplitude, and mean. In the weakly nonlinear limit, explicit, simple criteria in terms of generalandestablishing the strict hyperbolicity and genuine nonlinearity of the modulation equations are determined. This result is interpreted as a generalized Lighthill–Whitham criterion for modulational instability.
Social Media and Policy Responses to the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Switzerland
Authors: Gilardi Fabrizio , Gessler Theresa , Kubli Maël , Müller Stefan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe study the role of social media in debates regarding two policy responses to COVID‐19 in Switzerland: face‐mask rules and contact‐tracing apps. We use a dictionary classifier to categorize 612'177 tweets by parties, politicians, and the public as well as 441'458 articles published in 76 newspapers between February and August 2020. We distinguish between “problem” (COVID‐19) and “solutions” (face masks and contact‐tracing apps) and, using a vector autoregression approach, we analyze the relationship between their salience on social and traditional media, as well as among different groups on social media. We find that overall attention to COVID‐19 was not driven by endogenous dynamics between the different actors. By contrast, the debate on face masks was led by the attentive public and by politicians, whereas parties and newspapers followed. The results illustrate how social media challenge the capacity of party and media elites to craft a consensus regarding the appropriateness of different measures as responses to a major crisis.
Anatomic and diagnostic considerations of facial mobility for understanding the effectiveness of facial massage: A pilot study
Authors: Okuda Itsuko , Yamada Minoru , Yamada Yoshitake , Yokoyama Yoichi , Kampan Natnicha , Akita Keiichi , Jinzaki Masahiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe effectiveness of facial massage is often explained by the resulting increases in the blood and lymphatic flow. However, it is difficult to explain the lifting effect on the cheeks. The aim of this study was to analyze facial mobility to further current understanding of the effectiveness of facial massage.Materials and MethodsTwo kinds of analytical methods were designed using a cadaveric head as well as advanced computed tomography (CT). The cadaveric face was divided into three sections, and three different colors of ink were injected into each section. It was kept in a supine position for 24 hours, and the ink distribution was observed. Upright and supine CT examinations were performed on six healthy adult volunteers. The images of both were superimposed by a three‐dimensional image analysis system, and changes in facial contours were analyzed.ResultsThe three colors of ink spread craniocaudally and were distributed differently from the gravitational vector. When both CT images were superimposed, two distinct lines were formed, which represented overlapping of the facial contours due to the two different CT images. These lines were found to correspond to the border of each color of the ink.ConclusionFocusing on the mobility of the face, the soft tissue of the face had vertical mobility, and it was speculated that this mobility is involved in the effectiveness of facial massage. Our results could provide useful information for cosmetic treatment and contribute to the collection of scientific knowledge for anti‐aging medicine.
Integrated management of parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorusL.) and its effect on yield components and yield of maize (Zea maysL.) inWest Gojjam Zone, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Million Dinberu , Nigatu Lisanework , Bekeko Zelalem , Legesse Hirpa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA field experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of integrated management on parthenium and yield components and yield of maize. The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design with 14 treatments with a factorial arrangement. The highest parthenium density (87.80 m−2)and dry biomass (764.61 g/m2) were recorded by weedy check while the lowest was in weed‐free check (0.00 m−2and 0.00 g/m2), respectively. Late physiological maturity (140 days) was observed in 2,4‐D+Straw mulching and weed‐free check at Upper Bir and early maturity (133.00 days) were in weedy check at Lower Bir. 2,4‐D+Twice hand hoeing and Butrazine + Straw mulching with 308.23 cm showed higher plant height at Lower Bir and least was in weedy check (265.96 cm) at Upper Bir. The highest numbers of kernels per ear, 1,000 kernels weight and grain yield (714.75, 438.33 g, and 11.40 tha−1) were recorded on weed‐free check at Lower Bir and the lowest was on weedy control (418.00, 438.33 g, and 5.29 tha−1) at Upper Bir, respectively. The maximum dry biomass of maize was recorded for Butrazine + Straw mulching (13.51 tha−1) at Lower Bir and the minimum was recorded for weedy control (7.68 tha−1) at Upper Bir. Weed‐free control (93.42%) and weedy control (68.95%) had the highest and lowest harvest index at Upper Bir, respectively. Therefore, using 2,4‐D with straw mulching could provide good control of parthenium, economical, and ultimately better yielded.
Benefit‐cost analysis of skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea) management in Western Australia
Authors: Cook David C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper estimates the return on investment in the skeleton weed management program in Western Australia. A bioeconomic model is used to estimate costs to broadacre cropping industries over time with and without the program. Results suggest that without the program annual crop yield losses and increased growing costs, expressed in Australian dollars ($A), could reach A$13.6 million after 30 years. With the program, these losses reduce to A$5.0 million. If annual skeleton weed program costs remain approximately A$3.4 million, the program is likely to produce an annual net benefit to grain producers of A$8.6 million after 30 years.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Johnson Patricia 
Published: May 2021

Studies in Media and Communication (SMC) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether SMC publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 1 Antonio García Gómez, University of Alcalá de Henares, SpainAslı Sezgin, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, TurkeyBegoña Montero-Fleta, Universitat Poltècnica de València, SpainCamelia Cmeciu, Danubius University of Galati, RomaniaDiego Santos Vieira de Jesus, International Relations, BrazilJavier Serrano Puche, University of Navarra, SpainYoung Joon Lim, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, USA Patricia JohnsonEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Studies in Media and CommunicationRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://smc.redfame.com
Adverse neural effects of delayed, intermittent treatment with rEPO after asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep
Authors: Dhillon Simerdeep K. , Wassink Guido , Lear Christopher A. , Davidson Joanne O. , Gunn Alistair J. , Bennet Laura 
Published: May 2021

Key points
We have previously shown that high‐dose constant infusion of recombinant human erythropoietin (rEPO) from 30 min to 72 h after asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep reduced histological injury and improved electrophysiological recovery.
This study shows that a high‐dose infusion of rEPO from 6 to 72 h after asphyxia did not improve EEG recovery, oligodendrocyte and neuronal survival at 1 week post‐asphyxia.
Of concern, intermittent rEPO boluses started 6 h after asphyxia were associated with impaired EEG recovery and bilateral cystic injury of temporal lobe intragyral white matter.
Intermittent boluses of rEPO were associated with significantly increased cerebral vascular resistance and hypoperfusion, particularly after the first dose, but did not affect seizures, suggesting mismatch between perfusion and brain activity.
AbstractRecombinant human erythropoietin (rEPO) is a promising treatment for hypoxic‐ischaemic brain injury. Disappointingly, a large randomized controlled trial in preterm infants found that prophylactic, repeated high‐dose rEPO boluses started within 24 h of birth did not improve neurodevelopmental outcomes. We examined whether initiation of a continuous infusion of rEPO at the end of the latent phase after hypoxic‐ischaemia (HI) might improve outcomes compared with intermittent bolus injections. Chronically instrumented preterm (0.7 gestation) fetal sheep received sham asphyxia or asphyxia induced by complete umbilical cord occlusion for 25 min. Six hours after asphyxia, fetuses received either a continuous infusion of rEPO (loading dose 2000 IU, infusion at 520 IU/h) from 6 to 72 h post‐asphyxia or intravenous saline or 5000 IU rEPO, with repeated doses every 48 h for 5 days. Continuous infusion of rEPO did not improve EEG recovery, oligodendrocyte and neuronal survival at 1 week post‐asphyxia. By contrast, intermittent rEPO boluses were associated with impaired EEG recovery and bilateral cystic injury of temporal lobe intragyral white matter in 6/8 fetuses. These studies demonstrate for the first time that initiation of intermittent rEPO boluses 6 h after HI, at a dose comparable with recent clinical trials, exacerbated neural injury. These data reinforce the importance of early initiation of many potential neuroprotective therapies.
Preserved skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in older adults despite decreased cardiorespiratory fitness with ageing
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Kunz Hawley E. , Gries Kevin , Hart Corey R. , Polley Eric C. , Lanza Ian R. 
Published: May 2021

Key points
Healthy older adults exhibit lower cardiorespiratory fitness () than young in the absence of any age‐related difference in skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity, suggesting central haemodynamics plays a larger role in age‐related declines in .
Total physical activity did not differ by age, but moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity was lower in older compared to young adults.
Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity is associated with and muscle oxidative capacity, but physical inactivity cannot entirely explain the age‐related reduction in .
AbstractDeclining fitness () is a hallmark of ageing and believed to arise from decreased oxygen delivery and reduced muscle oxidative capacity. Physical activity is a modifiable lifestyle factor that is critical when evaluating the effects of age on parameters of fitness and energy metabolism. The objective was to evaluate the effects of age and sex on , muscle mitochondrial physiology, and physical activity in young and older adults. An additional objective was to assess the contribution of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity to age‐related reductions in and determine if age‐related variation in and muscle oxidative capacity could be explained on the basis of physical activity levels. In 23 young and 52 older men and women measurements were made of , mitochondrial physiology in permeabilized muscle fibres, and free‐living physical activity by accelerometry. Regression analyses were used to evaluate associations between age and , mitochondrial function, and physical activity. Significant age‐related reductions were observed for (P < 0.001), but not muscle mitochondrial capacity. Total daily step counts did not decrease with age, but older adults showed lower moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity, which was associated with (R2 = 0.323, P < 0.001) and muscle oxidative capacity (R2 = 0.086, P = 0.011). After adjusting for sex and physical activity, age was negatively associated with but not muscle oxidative capacity. Healthy older adults exhibit lower but preserved mitochondrial capacity compared to young. Physical activity, particularly moderate‐to‐vigorous, is a key factor in observed age‐related changes in fitness and muscle oxidative capacity, but cannot entirely explain the age‐related reduction in .
Caries dental: de la placa ecológica a las decisiones clínicas
Authors: Moreno Abello Gloria Cristina , Lara Hernández Laura Catalina 
Published: May 2021

Antecedentes: la caries dental ha sido estudiada desde múltiples enfoques, sin embargo, a pesar del conocimiento disponible, lograr medidas efectivas para prevenir su aparición en los individuos y las comunidades, aún parece lejano. Objetivo: integrar los cambios conceptuales actualmente aceptados para caries, con escenarios en la práctica clínica, para apoyar a los profesionales en las decisiones terapéuticas. Método: en esta revisión integrativa se consultaron PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, SciELO, EBSCO utilizando como palabras claves: dental caries, model, prevention, ICDAS, risk factors, risk assessment. se verificó que el objetivo de cada fuente permitiera hacer el recorrido histórico del concepto de caries identificando aspectos centrales, relacionándolos con las limitaciones para que la teoría se evidencie en la práctica clínica. Resultados: la síntesis de la literatura se presenta organizada en: evolución de la definición de la caries dental a partir del papel de las bacterias y su impacto en las decisiones clínicas, acciones para abarcar la definición actual de caries dental y acciones ajustadas al modelo ICCMS para llevarlo a la práctica. Conclusión: los cambios conceptuales en caries dental se reflejan en los diagnósticos actuales y abordajes multivariados que aun requieren fortalecer el análisis y un control efectivo de los factores de riesgo, buscando un cuidado centrado en la persona, basado en la relación entre el comportamiento de los individuos a lo largo de la vida y la dinámica de la patología, que invitan al profesional a fortalecer un abordaje preventivo para controlar la enfermedad y evitar sus secuelas discapacitantes.
Severity of Overuse Injury Impacts Self-Efficacy and Quality of Life in Runners: A 2-Year Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mihalko Shannon L. , Cox Phillip , Ip Edward , Martin David F. , DeVita Paul , Love Monica , Saldana Santiago , Cannon D. Wayne , Fellin Rebecca E. , Seay Joseph F. , Messier Stephen P. 
Published: May 2021

Context: While 55 million Americans incorporate running into their exercise routines, up to 65% of runners sustain an overuse injury annually. It has been consistently shown that regular physical activity positively impacts quality of life (QOL), an essential public health indicator; however, the impact of running-related injuries on QOL is unknown. This study seeks to determine whether overuse injury severity impacts QOL in recreational runners, and if self-efficacy mediates this relationship. Design: Community-based prospective cohort study of 300 runners who had been running injury free for at least 5 miles/wk in the past 6 months. Methods: Self-efficacy for running and QOL measures (Short Form-12 Physical Component and Mental Component, Satisfaction with Life, Positive Affect and Negative Affect) were assessed at baseline, time of injury, and follow-up visits. Over 2 years of observation, overuse injuries were diagnosed by an orthopedic surgeon and injured runners were referred to a physical therapist. Results: Injury severity was significantly (P < .01) related with 2 indices of QOL, such that the effect of injury severity was −2.28 units on the Short Form-12 physical component and −0.73 units on positive affect. Self-efficacy accounted for 19% and 48% of the indirect effects on Short Form-12 physical component and positive affect, respectively. Conclusions: Since self-efficacy is a modifiable factor related to decreased QOL, these findings have important clinical implications for rehabilitation interventions.
Impact of an anticipatory care planning intervention on unscheduled acute hospital care using difference-in-difference analysis
Authors: Leckcivilize Attakrit , McNamee Paul , Cooper Christopher , Steel Robby 
Published: May 2021

Unscheduled admissions to hospital place great demands on the use of limited healthcare resources in health systems worldwide. A range of approaches exist to manage demand; however, interventions within hospitals have received less attention, and the evidence base on effectiveness is limited. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a novel intervention, implemented in National Health Service Lothian, to reduce the number of unscheduled attendances, and to estimate the impact on hospital admissions, length of hospital stay and overall total acute hospital costs.MethodsBefore and after observational study of an anticipatory care planning intervention targeted among people identified by a prediction algorithm (Scottish Patients at Risk of Readmission and Admission) as being at high risk of future unscheduled hospital admissions. The statistical significance of the difference in outcomes observed before and after implementation of the intervention between August 2014 and July 2015 was tested using difference-in-difference analysis.ResultsThe intervention was estimated to reduce the number of unscheduled hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits by approximately 0.36 (95% CI −0.905 to 0.191) per patient per year (based on 954 and 450 patients in the intervention and control groups, respectively). There was also non-significant reductions in length of hospital stay for unscheduled admissions and hospital costs for ED visits and inpatient care. The overall predicted effect of the intervention for the average participant was a saving of around £2912 (95% CI −7347.0 to 1523.9) per patient per year.ConclusionAn anticipatory care planning intervention focused among people judged to be at higher risk of future unscheduled hospital admissions can be effective in reducing the number of unscheduled admissions to hospital and ED visits, and may lead to an overall saving in use of hospital resources.