bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on a China 6b Heavy-duty Diesel Vehicle Real-world Engine out NOx Emission Deterioration and NOx Correction for Humidity and Temperature using On-board Sensors and Big Data Approach
Authors: Li Peng , Lü Lin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
China VI standard proposed higher requirements for durability of heavy-duty diesel vehicles emissions. Previous research which took advantages of both on-board sensors and big data approach to get the NOx deterioration factor was rather scarce. This paper used big data approach to study the deterioration of engine out NOx emission based on 254,622 km operation data getting from the on-board sensors or ECUs. Meanwhile, a formula for on-board NOx correction for ambient humidity and temperature had been fitted. The analyses revealed that engine out NOx would not be deteriorated during the useful life or even longer (deterioration factor was 1.014 @700,000km). For a steady working condition, the engine out NOx mass flow (g/h) is negatively linearly correlated with absolute humidity (R2 = 0.997). If Ha was lower than 12g/kg, Ha almost had no effect on engine out NOx concentration (ppm). Otherwise, there was also a negatively linear relationship between them (R2 = 0.978). It is hoped that the methods and conclusions of this paper could provide some enlightenment for future NOx emission deterioration research.
Acceptance Towards COVID-19 Vaccination Among the Lebanese Population: A Cross-Sectional study
Authors: Alhaffar MHD Bahaa Aldin , Alhaffar Molham , Kreid Joanna , Massoud Elissa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction:

the emergence of the covid-19 pandemic has created major health risks to humanity as a whole, in turn, the world have been waiting for a solution to end this pandemic. This research aims to study the acceptance towards the covid-19 vaccine among the Lebanese population and investigate the factors affecting the descision towards the vaccine.
Methods

In order to obtain a clear insight about the propensity of the Lebanese population to take the vaccine, a cross-sectional study was conducted, data collected through a questionnaire based on google forms and distributed among the population via social media platforms (Instagram, whatsapp, facebook, etc). the survey consisted of different types of questions and 1157 participants of different age groups respomnded to the survey.
Results

The findings of this study reveals that the majority of the population (ovr 95%) know soemone who caught the corona virus. In addition (86.3%) of the population believe that the pandemic poses major health risks to the society in Lebanon. Moreover the respondants consider the source of the vaccine as a major determinant to whether or not they will take the vaccine, in fact (73.3%) trust the Pfizer-BioNtech vaccine. However, 77.1% of the sample worry that the vaccine will have side effects. in addition over 90% of the population was observed to be following the restrictions and measures implemnented to stop the spread of the virus.
Conclusion

Within the limitations of this study, we can conclude that this study is the earliest attempt to assess the acceptance toward COVID-19 vaccination among the Lebanese population. The Lebanese population showed a moderately high acceptance rate for the vaccination, however, there is a notable percentage that needs to be directly addressed with any future awareness campaign which are the youth, and the people with low socioeconomic status.
Land Utilization in Indian Cities and The Role of Development Control Regulation: A Case Study of Ahmedabad
Authors: Singh Renuka 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
India’s urban population is expected to grow from 410 million in 2014 to 814 million by 2050, as per the TERI document. If urban growth continues to grow at this rate, to accommodate new urban population, large amount of urban land will be required. With the fact that, the land is an important and limited resource, the need to ﬁnd the way to use it efﬁciently and smartly is essential. For that, ﬁrst step is to understand the existing urban morphology and its impact on land utilization in the current scenario. This will help to understand how efﬁciently is the urban land utilized in Indian cities, if we compare the study with other world cities. The main concern of the research is – 1. How efﬁciently is the urban land utilized in India’s cities? 2. What is the role of Development Control Regulations (DCRs) in the efﬁciency of land utilization? 3. How utilization of urban land can be improved with respect to DCRs? For the study, urban land is classiﬁed in three parts public realm, building footprints and private open space. To understand the existing urban land, quantitative and qualitative study of it has been taken out for the thirteen squares in Ahmedabad city. From the study it has been found that the majority of land area in our cities falls under the category of private open space, which is primarily divided in small pieces. A further study of private open spaces reveals the existing condition of it utilized or under-utilized. The study questions, why do we need private open spaces in such large amount around the buildings? To understand the argument, a similar study has been under taken to understand how urban land is used in other world cities. Following this, the study takes a new turn to ﬁnd why we need private open space around the buildings in Indian cities? Is it out of people’s choice or they are forced to do so? Does, the development control regulations play an important role in making large amount of private open space? The research elaborates all the arguments with the existing scenario of Indian city (Ahmedabad as a case) and suggests how we can improve the land utilization through some changes in development control regulations.
MGIDI and WAASB indices: The useful approaches for selection of salt-tolerant barley genotype at the early growth and maturity stages
Authors: Pour-Aboughadareh Alireza , Sanjani Sara , Chaman-Abad Hamidreza Nikkhah , Mehrvar Mohammad Reza , Asadi Ameneh , Amini Ashkboos 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the major limiting abiotic stresses that decrease crop production worldwide. To recommend genotypes for cultivation under saline stress conditions, comprehensive understanding of genetic basis and plant responses to this stress is need. In the present study, a total of 20 barley genotypes were investigated to isolate potential salt-tolerant genotypes at the early growth stage using hydroponic system, and adult plant under field conditions. Different growth and physiological traits including root fresh and dry weights (RFW and RDW), shoot fresh and dry weights (SFW and SDW), relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD index), root and shoot Na+ (RN and SN), root and shoot K+ (RK and SK), root and shoot K+:Na+ ratios (RKN and SKN), root-to-shoot Na+ translocation (RTSN), root-to-shoot K+ translocation (RTSK), stomatal conductance (GS), transpiration rate (TE), and photosynthesis rate (PN) were measured. Barley seedling were treated with two salinity levels (0 mM NaCl (as control conditions) and 200 mM NaCl (as stress conditions)) for 30 days. Moreover, the yield performance and stability of investigated barley genotypes were evaluated across five environments during the 2018–2020 cropping seasons. Salinity stress significantly decreased growth and physiological traits in all seedling plants; however, some salt-tolerant genotypes showed the lowest reduction in measured traits. Multivariate analysis grouped measured traits and tested genotypes into different clusters. The multi-trait genotype–ideotype distance index (MGIDI) selected genotypes G12, G14, G6, G7, and G16 as the salt-tolerant barley genotypes. Considering the results of the AMMI analysis showed that grain yields of tested barley genotypes were influenced by environment (E), genotype (G) and GE interaction effects. Based on the weighted average of absolute scores of the genotype index (WAASB) and other stability statistics, G7, G8, G14, and G16 were selected as superior genotypes. Considering the outputs of MGIDI and WAASB indices revealed that three genotypes G7, G14 and G16 can be recommended as new genetic resources for improving and stabilizing grain yield in barley programs for the moderate climate and saline regions of Iran. In conclusion, our results suggest that the using MGIDI index in the early growth stage can accelerate screening nurseries in barley breeding programs.
Augmenting Osteointegration of Proximal Femoral Endoprosthesis Using Porous Titanium Bridging Endosteal Collars: preliminary medium-term results
Authors: Rajasekaran Raja Bhaskara , Hamilton Thomas William , Whitwell Duncan , Kendrick Ben , Taylor Adrian , Gibbons Christopher L.M.H , Cosker Thomas Daniel Arthur , Blunn Gordon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Aseptic loosening remains a major cause for failure of proximal femoral replacements (PFR). To reduce the incidence of aseptic loosening a PFR was developed with a selective laser sintered, porous titanium-bridging collar and endosteal component. This study reports the short-term outcomes of this implant in a consecutive series of patients.
Methods

Between October 2017 and August 2019, 24 patients, mean age 69 years (50–84) were managed using this PFE for a variety of aetiologies (10 oncological, 10 revision of aseptic loosening, 3 fracture non-union, and 1 for prior infected joint replacement). Patients were followed up at a mean of 24 months (16–34) with a clinical and radiographic assessment.
Results

Twenty-three patients were available for follow-up with one death in the early postoperative period. One patient died 18 months post-surgery due to causes unrelated to surgery, two cases of superficial infection were managed with antibiotics and two cases of deep infection managed with debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR). At the last follow up the mean Harris Hip Score was 78 (68–86) and the mean Musculoskeletal Tumour Society Score was 20 (16–24). The radiographic assessment did not reveal any evidence of loosening with the integration of the endosteal collar observed in all cases.
Conclusions

Our medium-term results demonstrate good functional outcomes with no evidence of radiographic loosening and osteointegration of the endosteal collar in a consecutive series of patients. Further studies are required to assess the mid to long-term outcomes seen with this implant.
Level of Evidence:
Level IV – Retrospective Case Series
Short term effects of synchronized vs. non-synchronized NIPPV in preterm infants: study protocol for an unmasked randomized crossover trial.
Authors: Cresi Francesco , Chiale Federica , Maggiora Elena , Borgione Silvia Maria , Ferroglio Mattia , Runfola Federica , Maiocco Giulia , Peila Chiara , Bertino Enrico , Coscia Alessandra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has been recommended as the best respiratory support for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). However, the best NIV technique to be used as first intention in RDS management is not yet established. Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) may be synchronized (SNIPPV) or non-synchronized to the infant’s breathing efforts. The aim of the study is to evaluate short-term effects of SNIPPV vs NIPPV on cardiorespiratory events, trying to identify the best ventilation modality for preterm infants at their first approach to NIV ventilation support. Methods: An unmasked randomized crossover study with two treatment phases was designed. All newborn infants < 32 weeks of gestational age with RDS needing NIV ventilation as first intention or after extubation will be consecutively enrolled in the study and randomized to the NIPPV or SNIPPV arm. After stabilization, enrolled patients will be alternatively ventilated with two different techniques for two time frame of 4 hours each. NIPPV and SNIPPV will be administered with the same ventilator and the same interface, maintaining a continuous assisted ventilation without patient’s discomfort. During the whole study duration, patient cardiorespiratory data and data from the ventilator will be simultaneously recorded using a polygraph connected to a computer. The primary outcome is the frequency of episodes of oxygen desaturation. Secondary outcomes are number of cardiorespiratory events, FiO2 necessity, newborn pain score evaluation, synchronization index and thoracoabdominal asynchrony. The sample size was calculated at 30 patients. Discussion: It is known that NIPPV produces a percentage of ineffective acts due to asynchronies between ventilator and infant’s breaths. On the other hand, an ineffective synchronization could increase work of breathing. Our hypothesis is that an efficient synchronization could reduce the respiratory work and increase the volume per minute exchanged without interfering with the natural respiratory rhythm of the patient with RDS. The results of this study will allow us to evaluate the effectiveness of the synchronization, demonstrating whether SNIPPV is the most effective non-invasive ventilation mode in preterm infants with RDS at their first approach to NIV ventilation. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03289936. Registered on 09/21/2017. Keywords: Non-invasive ventilation, NIPPV, SNIPPV, Synchronization, Cardiorespiratory events, Preterm infants, RDS
Utility of p63 and AMACR in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Prostatic Lesions
Authors: Koshy Ashily , Bavikar Rupali 
Published: March 2021

Background: Prostate cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world. Since treatment options and prognosis of prostatic adenocarcinomas and benign lesions differ significantly, so, the current study using p63and AMACR was carried out with aim to evaluate the utility of immunohistochemistry in resolving ambiguous lesions of prostate.
Methods: The study was conducted on 130 prostatic specimens which included prostate biopsy, TURP and prostatectomy specimens. Routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining using AMACR, p63 monoclonal antibody marker were performed.
Results: Total of 130 cases of prostate samples were studied out of which benign lesions were seen in 102 cases (78.5%) and malignant carcinoma in 28 cases (21.5%). This study showed p63 had a sensitivity of 92.86% and specificity of 100% whereas AMACR has a sensitivity of 96.4% and specificity of 95%. BPH with prostatitis was a common finding in majority of benign lesions. All cases of LGPIN 15 cases (11.5%) were histologically associated with BPH, showing complete positivity in 12 cases (80%) and partial positivity in 3 cases (20%) with p63 immunostaining. HGPIN (1.5%) were associated with prostatic adenocarcinoma showing focal positivity whereas adenocarcinoma showed complete negativity of p63 expression (100%) and positive cytoplasmic staining with AMACR. Comparative study done between DRE, PSA, final histopathological diagnosis, expression of p63 and AMACR immunostaining gives highly significant p value of 0.001(<0.05).
Conclusion: p63 and AMACR are reliable markers which can be used in morphologically difficult cases.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Expression of GATA3 in Carcinoma Breast and its Correlation with Prognostic Parameters
Authors: Suri Tanvi , Ahluwalia Charanjeet 
Published: March 2021

Background: GATA3 plays an essential role in the normal development and function of the mammary gland where it promotes the luminal transcriptional program. Its loss is implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. We proposed to study the expression of GATA3 in carcinoma breast by immunohistochemistry and determine its correlation with prognostic parameters.
Methods: The expression pattern of GATA3 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 30 cases of invasive breast carcinoma. GATA3 scoring was done and a score of ≥ 1+ was considered positive. Patient characteristics, including age, tumour laterality, tumour size, lymph node status, tumour grade, histological type, molecular subtypes were collected. The relationships between protein expression and clinicopathological variables were analysed. Statistical significance was determined by Pearson’s chi-square test and Mann Whitney U test (for age).
Result: 46.7% of cases (14/30) scored positive for GATA3 expression in tumour cells including 63% of luminal subtypes, 14% of Her-2 neu enriched carcinomas and 20% of triple negative carcinomas. Most positive cases (35.7%) demonstrated 3+ staining. GATA3 expression showed an inverse association with histological grade (P = 0.012) and HER-2 overexpression (P = 0.038), and a direct association with ER expression (P =0.017) and PR expression (P =0.009).
Conclusion: GATA3 is luminal marker as it shows strong association with ER and PR in breast cancers. High GATA3 expression is also correlated good prognostic parameters like low tumour grade. Our findings advocate for GATA3 as a promising new breast-specific immunomarker.
"Der letzte Herbst ist da!"
Authors: Sigrist Christoph 
Published: March 2021

Christoph Sigrist legt in seinem Beitrag «Der letzte Herbst ist da!» als Rahmengeschichte eine eigene Seelsorgeerfahrung in der Begleitung einer schwer kranken Person zugrunde. Darauf aufbauend entwickelt er ein Modell von Kirchgemeinden als «sorgenden Gemeinschaften», das auf der soziologischen Beobachtung von sogenannten «Unschärferelationen» bzw. «offenen Sphären» basiert. Diese Unschärfen existieren dadurch, dass «die Kirchgemeinde als geografische Grösse und die Gemeinde als theologische Bestimmung […] angesichts der plural gewordenen Gesellschaft unscharf geworden» sind und Kirchgemeinden entsprechend ihr unterstützendes Handeln stets in «Spannungen zwischen den unterschiedlichen Anbietern und Akteuren auf dem Marktplatz der Diakonie» zu leisten haben. Dabei verflüssigen sich Grenzen und Räume schnell und situativ.
Sigrist übernimmt die Vorstellung der «Unschärferelationen» auch für das sorgende Handeln der Kirchgemeinden und formuliert daraus für Pfarrpersonen sowie Sozialdiakoninnen und –diakone die Aufgabe, die «vielfach diffus wahrgenommene und nicht präzis ausgedrückte Erwartung, ihr Nicht-Verstehen [der Betroffenen] zu verstehen und mit eigenen Ideen zu verbinden». So könne es in seelsorgenden Situationen gelingen, das Resonanzen entstehen, in denen Erfahrungen eines «In-Gottes-Namen-Berührt-Werdens» sowie des «In-Gottes-Namen-Bewegt-Seins» möglich sind.
Diese Resonanzen können nach Sigrist in unterschiedlichen Dimensionen wirksam werden. Eine erste Dimension bezieht sich auf das grosse Netz von kirchlich engagierten Freiwilligen, die gemeinsam eine gemeindliche Kultur der Sorgsamkeit aufzubauen vermögen (horizontale Dimension); eine zweite Dimension bringt die Erfahrung ein, wonach «etwas da ist, etwas gegenwärtig und in ein Ganzes gegenwärtiges So-Sein eingebunden» ist (vertikale Dimension); in einer dritten Dimension geht es sodann darum, die ersten beiden Dimensionen zu verbinden.
Réseaux d'activités communautaires et solidaires des Eglises auprès des seniors
Authors: Rudaz Liliane 
Published: March 2021

Der Bericht von Liliane Rudaz mit dem Titel «Réseaux d'activités communautaires et solidaires des Églises auprès des seniors» basiert auf einemAuftrag, der im Jahr 2018 innerhalb der Evangelisch-reformierten Kirche des Kantons Waadt an eine ökumenische Arbeitsgruppe ging und der zum Inhalt hatte, 1. eine Übersicht über die Lage der über 60-jährigen Personen zu erstellen sowie 2. bestehende und mögliche zukünftige Interaktionsformen der Kirchen mit dieser Zielgruppe zu identifizieren.
Im Sinne einer Auftragsklärung konstatiert der Bericht, dass die zu untersuchende Gruppe der über 60-jährigen Personen bereits in begrifflicher Hinsicht schwer zu fassen ist (Unterscheidung «3. und 4. Lebensalter»; erwerbsarbeitsorientierter Begriff «Rentner/in», u.a.m.). Als heuristisches Instrument zur Zielgruppensegmentierung wird sodann eine gängige medizinisch-instrumentelle Kategorisierung verwendet, wonach die betreffenden Personen aufgrund ihres Gesundheitszustands eingeteilt werden in die Phasen der «indépendance» (weitgehende Unabhängigkeit), der «fragilité» (Fragilität mit funktionalen Einschränkungen) sowie der «dépendance» (funktionale Abhängigkeit).
Der Bericht der Arbeitsgruppe von Liliane Rudaz stellt fest, dass kirchliche Angebote zu wesentlichen Teilen von Menschen im genannten Altersspektrum frequentiert werden, allerdings seien es – im Blick auf die vorgenommene Segmentierung – im Wesentlichen die Unabhängigen (oft als Freiwillige) sowie die in fragilen Situationen Befindlichen. Nur selten gelinge es den kirchlichen Angeboten, Menschen in Abhängigkeitssituationen zu erreichen.
Aufgrund dieser Ausgangslage skizziert die Gruppe das Profil eines «aumônier de quartier» (Quartierbegleitung / -seelsorge), d.h. einer kirchlichen Beauftragung, die aufsuchend tätig ist, betroffene Menschen direkt besucht und Beziehungen stiftet zu lokalen Unterstützungsorganisationen sowie zu Kirchgemeinden.
Mit einem solchen Profil der teilhabefördernden Begegnung und Beziehungsstiftung für betagte Menschen sieht sich die Arbeitsgruppe «au coeur de l'Évangile et donc de la mission de nos Églises».
Wenn selbstbestimmtes Sterben normal wird
Authors: Rüegger Heinz 
Published: March 2021

In seinem Beitrag «Wenn selbstbestimmtes Sterben normal wird» geht Heinz Rüegger von den beeindruckenden «Möglichkeiten der modernen Medizin, Menschen in kritischen Situationen noch am Leben zu erhalten und den Tod hinauszuschieben», aus. Demnach kommt der Tod «nicht mehr von selbst», vielmehr wird Sterben «immer mehr zu einer Konsequenz von Therapieentscheidungen». Dass das eigene Sterben – früher «Inbegriff der Erfahrung eines fremdverfügten Schicksals» – heute mehrheitlich vom Menschen «selbst beschlossen, geplant und durchgeführt werden» muss, stellt nach Rüegger ein neues Paradigma im Umganag mit dem Sterben in der heutigen Medizin dar, mit dem sich die Menschen erst noch richtig vertraut machen müssen.
Diese Freiheit zur Selbstbestimmung stellt jedoch nicht bloss einen «eingeforderten Anspruch» dar, sondern wird vielmehr zu einer «zugemuteten Verpflichtung», nach welcher Menschen selber Entscheidungen am Lebensende treffen müssen; Rüegger nennt dies eine «Responsibilisierung oder Moralisierung des Sterbens». Diese Verpflichtung zur Entscheidung ist als höchst ambivalent einzustufen und dürfte zuweilen eine Überforderung darstellen, zumal Menschen «gerade in extremen Situationen, in denen existenzielle Fragen um Leben und Tod auf dem Spiel stehen», nicht selbstverständlicherweise in der Lage sind, derart autonom zu entscheiden, wie sich dies «eine abstrakte Ethik theoretisch vielleicht zurecht legen mag».
In diesen Ambivalenzen benennt Rüegger Herausforderungen für die unterschiedlichen, an den Entscheidungsprozessen beteiligten Personen bzw. Gruppen: Für potenziell betroffene Personen gelte es zu lernen, sich «mit dem Gedanken ans eigene, selbstbestimmte Sterben auseinander zu setzen» und sich «realistische Vorstellungen über Möglichkeiten des Sterbens im heutigen Gesundheitswesen zu machen», die sowohl das «eigenverantwortliche Gestalten» als auch «das passive Hinnehmen» umfassen.
Angehörige kommt die Aufgabe zu, die Betroffenen im Prozess des Sterbens persönlich zu begleiten. Dabei sind sie gemäss Rüegger aufgefordert, «dem Sterbenden als Gesprächspartner zu helfen, durch eine mögliche Vielzahl von ambivalenten Empfindungen hindurch eine Haltung und Entscheidung herauszubilden, die seinem autonomen Willen entsprechen». Professionell Begleitende ihrerseits sind nach Rüegger zu einer «radikalen Patientenorientierung» angehalten in dem Sinn, dass sterbende Menschen so begleitet werden soll, dass «das Lebensende nicht immer weiter medikalisiert wird». Dazu gehört angesichts der komplexen Entscheidungsstrukturen auch, «Patienten rechtzeitig darüber zu informieren, wie man im Rahmen des heutigen Gesundheitswesens überhaupt sterben kann».