bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Struktur und Mechanismen der Wissenschaft
Authors: Gravert Andreas 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden wissenschaftssoziologische Erkenntnisse zur Funktionsweise der Wissenschaft dargelegt und diskutiert. Die Erkenntnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund der Fragestellung – ‚Wie entstehen Themen in der Wissenschaft?‘ – aufgearbeitet. Die Beschaffenheit des institutionellen Rahmens bzw. die personenunabhängigen Regeln und Normen des sozialen Systems der Wissenschaft werden dabei als Erklärungsmoment anvisiert. Im Verständnis der Arbeit resultieren wissenschaftliche Themenkarrieren aus den aggregierten (bewussten und unbewussten) Entscheidungen der einzelnen Mitglieder einer Fachgemeinschaft hinsichtlich der Wahl ihrer Forschungsthemen über einen Zeitverlauf. In der Konsequenz lautet die auf die Akteur*innenebene heruntergebrochene Fragestellung: ‚Wie wählen wissenschaftliche Akteur*innen ein Thema?‘. Im Rückbezug auf das zu erklärende Makrophänomen ergibt sich schließlich die Frage: ‚Wie lassen sich Veränderungen der aggregierten Entscheidungen wissenschaftlicher Akteur*innen hinsichtlich ihrer Themenwahl erklären?‘. Dieser Frage folgend verläuft die Darstellung der Struktur und Dynamik der Wissenschaft in drei Abschnitten vom Allgemeinen zum Konkreten. Zunächst werden die Besonderheiten der Wissenschaft sowie deren Einbettung in die gesellschaftliche Umwelt anhand einer differenzierungstheoretischen Sichtweise in den Blick genommen (Kp. 4.1). In dem darauf folgenden Kapitel (4.2) werden Strukturen der inneren Differenzierung der Wissenschaft dargestellt sowie die Mechanismen wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisproduktion aufgearbeitet. Abschließend werden die drei zentralen Einflussgrößen des institutionellen Kontextes der Wissenschaft – die formale Koordination, die Allokation von Reputation und die Allokation von materiellen Ressourcen – sowie deren Zusammenspiel erläutert (Kp. 4.3).
Das Thema Klimawandel in der Planungswissenschaft
Authors: Gravert Andreas 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel wird das zweite von zwei Fallbeispielen, die Entstehung des Themas Klimawandel, empirisch untersucht. Im Bereich der Raumplanung bzw. auch der Planungswissenschaft, wird unter dem Begriff Klimawandel in der Regel die aktuelle Klimaerwärmung vor dem Hintergrund ihrer Raumbedeutsamkeit verhandelt. Dies umfasst nicht nur die Auswirkungen des Raumes auf den Klimawandel durch die Emission von Treibhausgasen, sondern (mittlerweile) auch die Auswirkungen des prognostizierten und bereits eintretenden Klimawandels auf den Raum und den Umgang damit. Bei der Untersuchung kommen qualitative Methoden (Literaturauswertung, leitfadengestützte Interviews) sowie quantitative Methoden (Netzwerkanalyse, deskriptive Statistik) zum Einsatz. Die Schilderung erfolgt anhand der bereits dargelegten Phasenheuristik mit einer Latenzphase 1980-2006 (Kp. 8.1), einer Durchbruchphase im Jahr 2007 (Kp. 8.2), einer Fokusphase 2008-2012 (Kp. 8.3) und einer Normalisierungsphase 2013-2014 (Kp. 8.4). Eine umfassende quantitative Gesamtbetrachtung der Themenkarriere Klimawandel wird in Abschnitt 8.5 vorgenommen. Abschließend wird ein Kapitel 8.6 ein Zwischenfazit gezogen.
Einleitung
Authors: Schrader Sonja Maria 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Open-Access-Buch geht es um das Zusammenspiel von Humankapitalausstattung und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit. Mit einer vielperspektivischen Analyse werden zunächst Zielkonflikte herausgearbeitet, die sich durch steigende Erwerbsumfänge von Müttern und ihren zunehmend institutionell betreuten Kleinkindern ergeben. Auf Basis wirtschaftswissenschaftlicher und psychologischer Ansätze wird das Caregiving-In-Modell entwickelt, anhand dessen das Entstehen externer Effekte abgeleitet wird. Aus der Bewertung der deutschen Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie hinsichtlich der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse begründen sich abschließend Handlungsempfehlungen, die einen diskursiven Beitrag für Entscheidungsträger in Politik und Wirtschaft leisten.
Zusammenfassung
Authors: Schrader Sonja Maria 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Rückkehr in den Beruf nach der Geburt eines Kindes und die damit verbundene Nutzung von institutioneller Fremdbetreuung hat für viele Mütter und ihre Kleinkinder tagtäglich praktische Relevanz. Da sich die Befunde der Auswirkungen des geänderten Betreuungssettings auf die Kompetenzen der Kinder inkonsistent darstellten und in Deutschland bislang kaum untersucht wurden, hat sich die vorliegende Arbeit mit der Analyse dieser Themenstellung befasst.
Molekularpathologie in der Behandlung des Lungenkarzinoms – interdisziplinärer Blick auf die thoraxchirurgische Bedeutung
Authors: Krämer Sebastian , Wirtz Hubert 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Therapie des Lungenkarzinoms wurde in den letzten Jahren zunehmend durch die Etablierung tumorspezifisch zielgerichteter Pharmaka und immunmodulatorischer Ansätze ergänzt und hat dadurch rasant an Komplexität gewonnen. Bessere Überlebensdaten und Erkenntnisse über andere Nebenwirkungensspektren und Rezidivcharakteristika begleiten diese Entwicklung. Dem Kliniker verlangt diese Entwicklung eine stete Wachsamkeit in der Stratifizierung der Behandlungsoptionen ab. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die klinisch aktuell relevanten Ansätze der „targeted therapies“ in der Behandlung des Lungenkarzinoms und stellt Verbindungen zur Thoraxchirurgie dar. Mit der Darstellung der Optionen einer zielgerichteter Therapie wird beantwortet, welche Rolle sie in der adjuvanten Therapie bei nachgewiesener Mutation des Epidermal-growth-factor-Rezeptors (EGFR) spielen, wann eine Salvage-Operation infrage kommt und wie durch die „targeted therapies“ in Einzelfällen ein kuratives Therapiekonzept erarbeitet werden kann. Jedes Lungenkarzinom verlangt ab dem frühestmöglichen Zeitpunkt in der Diagnosefindung nach einer molekularen Analyse auf therapierelevante Mutationsmuster. Interdisziplinäre Konzepte können individualisiert das Langzeitüberleben des Patienten gewährleisten.
Near infra-red fluorescence identification of the thoracic duct to prevent chyle leaks during oesophagectomy
Authors: Barnes Thomas G. , MacGregor Thomas , Sgromo Bruno , Maynard Nicholas D. , Gillies Richard S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Chyle leaks following oesophagectomy are a frustrating complication of surgery with considerable morbidity. The use of near infra-red (NIR) fluorescence in surgery is an emerging technology and the use of fluorescence to identify the thoracic duct has been demonstrated in animal work and early human case reports. This study evaluated the use mesenteric and enteral administration of indocyanine green (ICG) in humans to identify the thoracic duct during oesophagectomy.

Methods
Patients undergoing oesophagectomy were recruited to the study. Administration of ICG via an enteral route or mesenteric injection was evaluated. Fluorescence was assessed using a NIR fluorescence enabled laparoscope system with a visual scoring system and signal to background ratios. Visualisation of the thoracic duct under white light and NIR fluorescence was compared as well as any identification of active chyle leak. Patients were followed up post-operatively for adverse events and chyle leak.

Results
20 patients received ICG and were included in the study. The enteral route failed to fluoresce the thoracic duct. Mesenteric injection (17 patients) identified the thoracic duct under fluorescence prior to white light in 70% of patients with a mean signal to background ratio of 5.35. In 6 participants, a possible active chyle leak was identified under fluorescence with 4 showing active chyle leak from what was identified as the thoracic duct.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that ICG administration via mesenteric injection can highlight the thoracic duct during oesophagectomy and may be a potential technology to reduce chyle leak following surgery.

Clinical trial registration
Clinical trials.gov (NCT03292757).
Der Einsatz von Sprach- und Videotelefonie in der Psychotherapie als Chance und Herausforderung: Eine Querschnitterhebung zu zwei Erhebungszeitpunkten
Authors: Korunka Christian , Höfner Claudia , Straßer Magdalena , Hochgerner Markus , Mantl Gerd 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Video-Psychotherapie, als eine Form der internetgestützten Psychotherapie, hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten langsam verbreitet. Die im letzten Jahrzehnt veröffentlichten Reviews und erste Meta-Analysen zeigen die Möglichkeiten dieser digitalisierten Form der Psychotherapie auf. Die Covid-19 Pandemie und die Anforderungen der Lockdowns haben diese Entwicklung rasch beschleunigt.Diese Studie systematisiert die Erfahrungen österreichischer Psychotherapeut_innen mit Video-Psychotherapie im ersten Jahr der Pandemie, indem sie einen Querschnitt zu zwei Erhebungszeitpunkten abbildet. Im ersten Lockdown nahmen 743, im zweiten Lockdown 212 Psychotherapeut_innen an der Studie teil. Inhaltsanalytische Auswertungen zeichnen ein differenziertes Bild der Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Video-Psychotherapie, und auch eine intensive Lernerfahrung im ersten Jahr der Pandemie. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund der vier therapeutischen Strömungen diskutiert, Grenzen und Möglichkeiten dieser Form der Psychotherapie differenziert aufgezeigt.
Mixing ReaxFF parameters for transition metal oxides using force-matching method
Authors: Włodarczyk Adam , Uchroński Mariusz , Podsiadły-Paszkowska Agata , Irek Joanna , Szyja Bartłomiej M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present the development of the method for the refitting the ReaxFF parameters for a system consisting of the mixed transition metal oxides. We have tested several methods allowing to calculate the differences between the vectors of the forces acting on atoms obtained from the reference DFT simulation and the parameters-dependent ReaxFF. We conclude that the footrule method yields the best parameters among the investigated options. We then validate the parameters using the system consisting of the hematite supported (TiO2)n clusters. The results indicate the refitted parameters allow to obtain acceptable geometries of the clusters upon MD simulation on the ReaxFF level, and despite the short timescale lead to the stable structures.
Decision space robustness for multi-objective integer linear programming
Authors: Stiglmayr Michael , Figueira José Rui , Klamroth Kathrin , Paquete Luís , Schulze Britta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article we introduce robustness measures in the context of multi-objective integer linear programming problems. The proposed measures are in line with the concept of decision robustness, which considers the uncertainty with respect to the implementation of a specific solution. An efficient solution is considered to be decision robust if many solutions in its neighborhood are efficient as well. This rather new area of research differs from robustness concepts dealing with imperfect knowledge of data parameters. Our approach implies a two-phase procedure, where in the first phase the set of all efficient solutions is computed, and in the second phase the neighborhood of each one of the solutions is determined. The indicators we propose are based on the knowledge of these neighborhoods. We discuss consistency properties for the indicators, present some numerical evaluations for specific problem classes and show potential fields of application.
Rubidium measured by XRF as a predictor of soil particle size in limestone and siliceous parent materials
Authors: Croffie Maame E. T. , Williams Paul N. , Fenton Owen , Fenelon Anna , Daly Karen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Information about particle size distribution (PSD) and soil texture is essential for understanding soil drainage, porosity, nutrient availability, and trafficability. The sieve-pipette/gravimetric method traditionally used for particle size analysis is labour-intensive and resource-intensive. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry may provide a rapid alternative. The study’s aim was to examine the use of XRF for rapid determination of PSD in Irish soils.

Methods
Soils (n = 355) from existing archives in Ireland were analysed with a benchtop energy-dispersive XRF (EDXRF). Correlation and regression analyses were determined to compare Rb, Fe, Al, and Si concentrations to % clay, % silt, and % sand. Also, linear regression models were developed to compare % clay, % sand, and % silt measured by the gravimetric method to values predicted by EDXRF.

Results
The relationship between element concentration and PSD was dependent on parent material. Rb, Al, and Fe showed a significant (p < 0.05) correlation (r > 0.50) with % clay and % sand in soils derived from limestone and siliceous stone parent materials. Rb was the best predictor for % clay (R2 = 0.49, RMSE = 10.20) in soils derived from limestone and siliceous stone-derived soils.

Conclusion
Geochemistry and clay mineralogy of the soils’ parent material strongly influenced the EDXRF’s ability to predict particle size. The EDXRF could predict % clay in soils from parent materials which weather easily, but the opposite was true for soils with parent material recalcitrant to weathering. In conclusion, this study has shown that the EDXRF can screen % clay in soils derived from limestone and siliceous stone parent materials.
Crop Cycle Length Determines Optimal Transplanting Date for Seedlings from Hybrid True Potato Seeds
Authors: van Dijk Luuk C. M. , Kacheyo Olivia C. , de Vries Michiel E. , Lommen Willemien J. M. , Struik Paul C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe technology of hybrid breeding in diploid potatoes creates opportunities to design novel and improved cultivation systems based on hybrid true potato seeds. A promising cultivation pathway to produce seed or ware tubers is by transplanting greenhouse-raised seedlings into the field. This study explored the effects of transplanting date and seedling age on tuber yield, using greenhouse-raised seedlings. Field trials with experimental hybrid genotypes were conducted in three consecutive years. In 2017 and 2018, 4- and 6-week-old seedlings were transplanted at four dates: March, April, May and June. In 2019, transplanting dates included April, May and June and seedling age was 5 weeks. In 2018, the March planting experienced severe frost during the initial field period resulting in crop failure. In 2017 and 2019, plants could withstand shorter and less severe frost events. Seedling age did not significantly affect tuber parameters. Transplanting in June resulted in lower marketable yield (> 28 mm) compared with earlier transplanting dates when crops were harvested in September. At full crop senescence, no differences in marketable yield were observed. The optimal transplanting window, taking into account weather-related risks, is approximately between early April and end May. For some genotypes, crop cycle length was observed to be a more important yield-determining factor than transplanting date.
A note on overrelaxation in the Sinkhorn algorithm
Authors: Lehmann Tobias , von Renesse Max-K. , Sambale Alexander , Uschmajew André 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe derive an a priori parameter range for overrelaxation of the Sinkhorn algorithm, which guarantees global convergence and a strictly faster asymptotic local convergence. Guided by the spectral analysis of the linearized problem we pursue a zero cost procedure to choose a near optimal relaxation parameter.
A stacked generalization ensemble model for optimization and prediction of the gas well rate of penetration: a case study in Xinjiang
Authors: Liu Naipeng , Gao Hui , Zhao Zhen , Hu Yule , Duan Longchen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn gas drilling operations, the rate of penetration (ROP) parameter has an important influence on drilling costs. Prediction of ROP can optimize the drilling operational parameters and reduce its overall cost. To predict ROP with satisfactory precision, a stacked generalization ensemble model is developed in this paper. Drilling data were collected from a shale gas survey well in Xinjiang, northwestern China. First, Pearson correlation analysis is used for feature selection. Then, a Savitzky-Golay smoothing filter is used to reduce noise in the dataset. In the next stage, we propose a stacked generalization ensemble model that combines six machine learning models: support vector regression (SVR), extremely randomized trees (ET), random forest (RF), gradient boosting machine (GB), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) and extreme gradient boosting (XGB). The stacked model generates meta-data from the five models (SVR, ET, RF, GB, LightGBM) to compute ROP predictions using an XGB model. Then, the leave-one-out method is used to verify modeling performance. The performance of the stacked model is better than each single model, with R2 = 0.9568 and root mean square error = 0.4853 m/h achieved on the testing dataset. Hence, the proposed approach will be useful in optimizing gas drilling. Finally, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize the relevant ROP parameters.
Positive Polynomials and Boundary Interpolation with Finite Blaschke Products
Authors: Kalmykov Sergei , Nagy Béla 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe famous Jones–Ruscheweyh theorem states that n distinct points on the unit circle can be mapped to n arbitrary points on the unit circle by a Blaschke product of degree at most $$n-1$$

n
-
1

. In this paper, we provide a new proof using real algebraic techniques. First, the interpolation conditions are rewritten into complex equations. These complex equations are transformed into a system of polynomial equations with real coefficients. This step leads to a “geometric representation” of Blaschke products. Then another set of transformations is applied to reveal some structure of the equations. Finally, the following two fundamental tools are used: a Positivstellensatz by Prestel and Delzell describing positive polynomials on compact semialgebraic sets using Archimedean module of length N. The other tool is a representation of positive polynomials in a specific form due to Berr and Wörmann. This, combined with a careful calculation of leading terms of occurring polynomials finishes the proof.
HEPiX Benchmarking Solution for WLCG Computing Resources
Authors: Giordano Domenico , Alef Manfred , Atzori Luca , Barbet Jean-Michel , Datskova Olga , Girone Maria , Hollowell Christopher , Javurkova Martina , Maganza Riccardo , Medeiros Miguel F. , Michelotto Michele , Rinaldi Lorenzo , Sciabà Andrea , Sobie Randall J. , Southwick David , Sullivan Tristan , Valassi Andrea 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe HEPiX Benchmarking Working Group has developed a framework to benchmark the performance of a computational server using the software applications of the High Energy Physics (HEP) community. This framework consists of two main components, named HEP-Workloads and HEPscore. HEP-Workloads is a collection of standalone production applications provided by a number of HEP experiments. HEPscore is designed to run HEP-Workloads and provide an overall measurement that is representative of the computing power of a system. HEPscore is able to measure the performance of systems with different processor architectures and accelerators. The framework is completed by the HEP Benchmark Suite that simplifies the process of executing HEPscore and other benchmarks such as HEP-SPEC06, SPEC CPU 2017, and DB12. This paper describes the motivation, the design choices, and the results achieved by the HEPiX Benchmarking Working group. A perspective on future plans is also presented.
Simulation model of natural gas supply chain in a function of costs optimization: the case of Croatia
Authors: Šebalj Dario 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to develop a natural gas simulation model for costs optimization. The main focus of the model is on the transmission system since its imbalance leads to the penalties which must be paid by the suppliers. The total nominated amount of natural gas (the gas injected into the transmission system) must be consumed (withdrawn from the system) in order for the system to be in balance. In practice, this is not the case since it is very hard to accurately predict the future hourly consumption (in order to make a nomination) and certain deviations appear which leads to the imbalance. However, this problem could be solved by introducing a special electromotor valve which would be placed at the beginning of the distribution system and control the accumulation of the system. To test this solution, a simulation model was created using Arena Simulation tool. Data for the simulation model are collected by the natural gas distributor and consist of natural gas consumption and nomination values for one measuring-reduction station on the hourly basis. Thus, the final dataset includes 8.754 records. The separate As-Is and To-Be models for seven (summer) months were made and the results were compared. The simulation experiment shows that the positive rebalancing energy would be reduced by 32%, and the negative one by 34%. The created model can serve as a good initial step for the analysis of the justification of investment in the implementation of a technical solution that would manage the accumulation of the distribution system.
External factors that affect the photoplethysmography waveforms
Authors: Pi Irene , Pi Isleen , Wu Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhotoplethysmography (PPG) is a simple and inexpensive technology used in many smart devices to monitor cardiovascular health. The PPG sensors use LED lights to penetrate into the bloodstream to detect the different blood volume changes in the tissue through skin contact by sensing the amount of light that hits the sensor. Typically, the data are displayed on a graph and it forms the pulse waveform. The information from the produced pulse waveform can be useful in calculating measurements that help monitor cardiovascular health, such as blood pressure. With many more people beginning to monitor their health status on their smart devices, it is extremely important that the PPG signal is accurate. Designing a simple experiment with standard laboratory equipment and commercial sensors, we wanted to find how external factors influence the results. In this study, it was found that external factors, touch force and temperature, can have a large impact on the resulting waveform, so the effects of those factors need to be considered in order for the information to become more reliable.
Exploring Young Offenders’ Conceptions of Meaningful Employment
Authors: Oswald Rebecca Jayne 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Experiencing meaningfulness at work is important for employee engagement, individual performance, and personal fulfilment. However, research surrounding meaningful employment has predominantly focused upon the experiences of well-educated, adult professionals. To expand theoretical understanding of this concept, this paper investigates perceptions of meaningful employment among youths from Northern England (aged 16–18) with a history of involvement in crime. Interviews demonstrate that young offenders’ criteria for ‘meaningful work’ differ from existing research and is influenced by their self-concept and inherent values as youths from chaotic and impoverished backgrounds. This highlights the subjectivity of this concept. Nonetheless, the findings also indicate that there are instances where work itself makes a broader contribution in discovering meaning, and therefore, certain organisational practices are experienced as meaningful by both young offenders and adult professionals. Thus, this study demonstrates the importance of surveying diverse populations to reach a more comprehensive understanding of meaningful employment.