bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caudate and cerebellar involvement in altered P2 and P3 components of GO/NoGO evoked potentials in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Zarka David , Cebolla Anna Maria , Cevallos Carlos , Palmero‐Soler Ernesto , Dan Bernard , Cheron Guy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrevious studies showed reduced activity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and supplementary motor area during inhibition in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to investigate deep brain generators underlying alterations of evoked potential components triggered by visual GO/NoGO tasks in children with ADHD compared with typically developing children (TDC). Standardized weighted low‐resolution electromagnetic tomography (swLORETA) source analysis showed that lower GO‐P3 component in children with ADHD was explained not only by a reduced contribution of the frontal areas but also by a stronger contribution of the anterior part of the caudate nucleus in these children compared with TDC. While the reduction of the NoGO‐P3 component in children with ADHD was essentially explained by a reduced contribution of the dorsal ACC, the higher NoGO‐P2 amplitude in these children was concomitant to the reduced contribution of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the insula, and the cerebellum. These data corroborate previous findings showed by fMRI studies and offered insight relative to the precise time‐related contribution of the caudate nucleus and the cerebellum during the automatic feature of inhibition processes in children with ADHD. These results were discussed regarding the involvement of the fronto‐basal ganglia and fronto‐cerebellum networks in inhibition and attention alterations in ADHD.
Comparative proteome analyses highlight several exercise‐like responses of mouse sciatic nerve after IP injection of irisin
Authors: Momenzadeh Sedigheh , Zamani Saeed , Dehghan Fariba , Barreiro Carlos , Jami Mohammad‐Saeid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany beneficial effects of exercise on the nervous system are mediated by hormone (growth factor)/receptor signaling. Considering the accumulating evidence on the similarity of some beneficial effects, irisin can be a proposed effector of exercise; however, the mechanism underlying these effects remains largely unknown. More evidence on the mechanism of action might reveal its potential as a treatment strategy to substitute exercise recovery protocols for nerve injuries in physically disabled patients. To evaluate the underlying mechanism of irisin involvement in nerve adaptation and exerting beneficial effects, we studied the proteome profile alteration of mouse sciatic nerve after irisin administration. We also compared it with two 8‐week protocols of resistance exercise and endurance exercise. The results indicate that irisin contributes to the regulation of nerve metabolism via overexpression of Ckm and ATP5j2 proteins. Irisin administration may improve sciatic nerve function by maintaining the architecture, enhancing axonal transport, and promoting synapse plasticity through increased structural and regulatory proteins and NO production. We also showed that irisin has the potential to induce neurotrophic support on the sciatic nerve by maintaining cell redox homeostasis, and responses to oxidative stress via the upregulation of disulfide‐isomerase and superoxide dismutase enzymes. Comparing with exercise groups, these effects are somewhat exercise‐like responses. These data suggest that irisin can be a promising therapeutic candidate for specific targeting of defects in peripheral neuropathies and nerve injuries as an alternative for physical therapy.
Invasion‐induced root–fungal disruptions alter plant water and nitrogen economies
Authors: Bialic‐Murphy Lalasia , Smith Nicholas G. , Voothuluru Priya , McElderry Robert M. , Roche Morgan D. , Cassidy Steven T. , Kivlin Stephanie N. , Kalisz Susan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite widespread evidence that biological invasion influences both the biotic and abiotic soil environments, the extent to which these two pathways underpin the effects of invasion on plant traits and performance remains unknown. Leveraging a long‐term (14‐year) field experiment, we show that an allelochemical‐producing invader affects plants through biotic mechanisms, altering the soil fungal community composition, with no apparent shifts in soil nutrient availability. Changes in belowground fungal communities resulted in high costs of nutrient uptake for native perennials and a shift in plant traits linked to their water and nutrient use efficiencies. Some plants in the invaded community compensate for the disruption of nutritional symbionts and reduced nutrient provisioning by sanctioning more nitrogen to photosynthesis and expending more water, which demonstrates a trade‐off in trait investment. For the first time, we show that the disruption of belowground nutritional symbionts can drive plants towards alternative regions of their trait space in order to maintain water and nutrient economics.
Dental care of patients exposed to sexual abuse: Need for alliance between staff and patients
Authors: Wolf Eva , Grinneby David , Nilsson Petra , Priebe Gisela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim was to explore the experiences of sexually abused individuals as dental patients. Purposively selected were 13 informants (11 women) aged 19–56. All had experienced sexual abuse as children or adults and memories of this abuse had been triggered and expressed during a dental appointment. They were encouraged to relate in their own words their experiences of the dental appointment. The interviews were recorded digitally, transcribed verbatim, and analysed according to Qualitative Content Analysis. The overall theme illustrating the latent content was The dental appointment – a volatile base requiring predictability and a secure working alliance. The first category covering the manifest content was The dental care provider “assumes responsibility,” with two subcategories: (i) contradictory disclosure, and (ii) alliance formation – a levelling of power. The second category was The patient is “in focus,” with two subcategories: (i) alertness to signs of discomfort, and (ii) attention to obvious but subtle expressions of needs. On an understanding that the patient has been sexually abused, an individually tailored, patient‐centered approach to treatment is suggested. Dental care providers may also need to be aware of and reflect on their position of power, in relation to the patient and its possible chairside implications.
Agricultural intensification and climate change have increased the threat from weeds
Authors: Storkey Jonathan , Mead Andrew , Addy John , MacDonald Andrew J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWeeds represent a significant threat to crop yields and global food security. We analysed data on weed competition from the world's longest running agricultural experiment to ask whether potential yield losses from weeds have increased in response to management and environmental change since the advent of the Green Revolution in the 1960s. On plots where inorganic nitrogen fertiliser has been applied, potential yield losses from weeds have consistently increased since 1969. This was explained by a warming climate, measured as air temperature averaged over the growing season for the weeds, and a shift towards shorter crop cultivars. Weeds also reduced yield proportionally more on plots with higher rates of nitrogen which had higher yields when weeds were controlled; the relative benefit of herbicides was, therefore, proportional to potential crop yield. Reducing yield losses from weed competition is increasingly challenging because of the evolution of herbicide resistance. Our results demonstrate that weeds now represent a greater inherent threat to crop production than before the advent of herbicides and integrated, sustainable solutions to weed management are urgently needed to protect the high yield potential of modern crop genotypes.
Trans men doing gender at work
Authors: Jeanes Emma , Janes Kirsty 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article we explore the practices of trans men in England, undertaken to accomplish gender in the workplace, recognizing the importance of a ‘situated’ analysis incorporating context and life history. We find trans men simultaneously to conform and challenge masculinity, informed both by preference and necessity in order to survive and progress at work, which in turn impacts the potential for any male advantage that may be enjoyed. We note that the more coherently masculine a trans man is, the less ‘trouble’ is caused by his gender (trans masculinity). We demonstrate that they often have to adjust their gender practices and/or workplace to secure or progress at work but also retain a capacity to trouble the gender binary (trans masculinity). We consider the implications for trans men at work.
Discharge processes and medicines communication from the patient perspective: A qualitative study at an internal medicines ward in Norway
Authors: Rognan Stine Eidhammer , Kälvemark Sporrong Sofia , Bengtsson Kajsa , Lie Helene Berg , Andersson Yvonne , Mowé Morten , Mathiesen Liv 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients are expected to participate in the hospital discharge process, assume self‐management after discharge and communicate relevant information to their general practitioner; however, patients report that they are not being sufficiently empowered to take on these responsibilities. The aim of this study was to explore and understand the discharge process with a focus on medicines communication, from the patient perspective.MethodsPatients were included at a hospital ward, observed during health‐care personnel encounters on the day of discharge and interviewed 1‐2 weeks after discharge. A process analysis was performed, and a content analysis combined data from observations and data from patient interviews focusing on medicines communication in the discharge process.ResultsA total of 9 patients were observed on the day of discharge, equalling 67.5 hours of observations. The analysis resulted in the following themes: (a) the observed discharge process; (b) patient initiatives; and (c) the patient role. The medicines communication in the discharge process appeared unstructured. Various patient preferences and needs were revealed. The elements of the best practice structured discharge conversation were observed; however, some patients did not have a discharge conversation at all.ConclusionsThe study contributes to a broader understanding of the discharge process, how patients experience it, including their role. It is evident that the discharge process is not always tailored to meet the patients’ needs. More focus on early patient involvement and communication, in order to better prepare patients for self‐management of their medications, is important for their health outcomes.
Micro‐computed tomographic assessment of dentinal microcrack formation in straight and curved root canals in extracted teeth prepared with hand, rotary and reciprocating instruments
Authors: Martins J. C. L. G. D. , Oliveira B. P. , Duarte D. A. , Antonino A. C. D. , Aguiar C. M. , Câmara A. C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo compare microcrack formation in roots of extracted teeth after the shaping of straight and curved root canals with hand, rotary and reciprocating files using micro‐computed tomographic (micro‐CT) analysis.MethodologyThirty straight mandibular incisors and 30 severely curved mesial roots of mandibular molars were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups (n = 10) according to the systems used for the root canal preparation and the root canal curvature: ProTaper Universal for Hand Use (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland), HyFlex EDM (Coltene‐Whaledent, Altstätten, Switzerland) and Reciproc Blue (VDW, Munich, Germany) files used in mandibular incisors (straight canals) and mesial roots of mandibular molars (curved canals). The roots were imaged with micro‐CT scanning at an isotropic resolution of 14 μm before and after root canal preparation, and the cross‐sectional images generated were assessed to detect microcracks.ResultsAll dentinal defects identified after root canal preparation were already present before instrumentation, and no new microcracks were detected. Dentinal microcracks were present in 19% (ProTaper Universal for Hand Use), 11% (Hyflex EDM) and 23% (Reciproc Blue) of the cross‐sections when the instrumentation was performed in mandibular incisors. Instrumentation of mandibular molars revealed microcracks in 15% (ProTaper Universal for Hand Use), 16% (Hyflex EDM) and 17% (Reciproc Blue) of the cross‐sections.ConclusionsPreparation of straight and curved root canals with ProTaper Universal for Hand Use, HyFlex EDM and Reciproc Blue systems did not produce microcracks in extracted teeth when evaluated with micro‐CT.
Geometric optics based analysis of radiation heat transfer in glass melting furnace foams
Authors: Choudhary Manoj K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe paper describes a simple, geometric optics‐based model to analyze thermal radiation through glass foam layers that form on the surface of the glass melt in many industrial glass melting operations. The large value of radiation size parameters (>1000) characteristic of glass foams combined with an idealized foam morphology is used to derive recursive algebraic relations relating the effective reflectivity, transmissivity, and absorptivity of the foam to key parameters of gas bubble size, porosity, thickness, and glass melt absorption spectra. A sample of calculated results are presented to illustrate the application of the model. The findings are in qualitative agreement with what is known from practice and more elaborate analyses involving Mie scattering and solution of radiation transport equations. The analysis of extinction coefficient for the foam reinforces the physical intuition that, for the large size parameter characteristic of glass furnace foams, the scattering from the bubble is equivalent to reflection from a planar surface. The combination of simplicity and essential physics of radiation through glass foams makes the model developed here ideally suited for both glass manufacturing engineers and the glass furnace modeling community.
Dental late effects of antineoplastic treatment on childhood cancer survivors: Radiographic findings
Authors: Seremidi Kyriaki , Kavvadia Katerina , Kattamis Antonis , Polychronopoulou Argyro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDental anomalies are common late side effects of childhood cancer therapy and may lead to anatomical, functional, and aesthetic sequelae.AimThe study aimed to record dental late effects of antineoplastic treatment and associate them with disease and treatment characteristics in order to identify possible risk factors.DesignOrthopantomograms of 70 survivors aged 4‐21 years, who were treated at ages 0‐10 years for any type of malignancy and completed antineoplastic treatment at least one year before, were examined. Incidence of developmental disturbances was recorded. Their severity was calculated, and odds ratios for the development of severe defects were estimated.ResultsRoot defects presented in 62% of the participants, with impaired root growth being the most common (58%). Increased incidence was associated with combination treatment protocols, irradiation to the head and neck region, and administration of antimetabolites, steroids, and vincristine. Mean DeI value was 17.46 with risk factors for the development of severe root defects being diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, combination treatment protocols, administration of cyclophosphamide and steroids, and hemopoietic stem cell transplantation.ConclusionsRoot defects are common among childhood cancer survivors, with their incidence and severity being affected by multiple disease and treatment characteristics.
Geographical epidemiology of road safety in Nigeria: The importance of weighted accident severity risk index in spatiotemporal analysis and injury epidemiology
Authors: Iyanda Ayodeji E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRoad safety is an essential indicator of quality of life. This study compared the Chand and Alex severity index with the Equivalent Traffic Accident Number's (ETAN) severity index to understand the spatiotemporal pattern of road traffic crashes in Nigeria. Weighting road crash data could help mitigate road crash risk and improve road safety measures. The weighted crash ratios were calculated based on crash data available between 2012 and 2016. Six factors identified from the literature were used as denominators in deriving these ratios. The sum ratios were ranked and mapped for cross‐temporal examination. There was no significant difference between the two methods for assessing accident severity index in this study. Univariate and multivariate spatial analyses were used to detect the hotspot of the weighted crash severity index (WCSI) for the end of the study period. Only the pairwise comparison analysis found a significant difference between the 2012 and 2016 WCSI (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression identified significant associations between youth literacy, speed violation, tyre blowout, and weighted severity index. Geographically weighted regression indicates that their local effects vary across spatial units. Information obtained from this study is essential for developing strategies towards achieving safe roads in Nigeria and contributes to injury epidemiology research.
Efficacy of Versajet hydrosurgery system in chronic wounds: A systematic review
Authors: Shimada Kazuki , Ojima Yosuke , Ida Yukiko , Matsumura Hajime 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStudies demonstrating the effectiveness of hydrosurgery for chronic wounds are extremely limited. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hydrosurgery compared with conventional debridement in chronic wounds, skin ulcers, and non‐acute wounds. This PROSPERO‐registered review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. Abstracts of all studies were screened independently by two reviewers. The bias of prospective randomised controlled studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias and RevMan 5.4 software, whereas the bias of retrospective comparative studies was evaluated using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non‐randomised Studies. Two prospective randomised controlled trials, two retrospective comparative studies, and three prospective non‐comparative studies were included. Hydrosurgery enabled rapid debridement. The Versajet Hydrosurgery System saved 8.87 minutes compared with the conventional methods. Similarly, the debridement quality was high with this system. The debridement number needed to achieve adequate wound beds was fewer in the hydrosurgery group than in the conventional group. These superiorities lead to subsequent success and cost‐effectiveness. As there were only two prospective randomised controlled studies, and much information was missing, the risk of bias was unclear. This review confirmed that hydrosurgery is useful for the debridement of chronic wounds, considering the procedural speed and quality.
Piloting the use of global health measures in a Down syndrome clinic
Authors: Santoro Stephanie L. , Campbell Ashlee , Cottrell Clorinda , Donelan Karen , Majewski Ben , Oreskovic Nicolas M. , Patsiogiannis Vasiliki , Torres Amy , Skotko Brian G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposePeople with Down syndrome (DS) have a unique medical profile which may impact views of health. We aimed to explore the use of global health measures in DS.MethodsProspective survey in the Mass General Hospital Down Syndrome Program (MGH DSP) from December 2018 to July 2019 with Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)® instruments of global health. Analyses included use of scoring manuals, descriptive statistics and dependent samples t test.ResultsSeventeen adolescents, 48 adults with DS and 88 caregivers returned surveys; 137 were complete. Incomplete responses and notes showed limitations of the instruments in this population. Global health T‐scores did not differ from the available comparative standardized scores to these measures from PROMIS® reference population (p > 0.05).ConclusionsIn the MGH DSP, pilot global health instruments were completed by some adults with DS and caregivers, with some limitations and scores similar to the PROMIS® reference population.
Left atrial thickness and acute thermal injury in patients undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation: Laser versus radiofrequency energies
Authors: Gao Xu , Chang Dong , Bilchick Kenneth C. , Hussain Sarah K. , Petru Jan , Skoda Jan , Sediva Luci , Neuzil Petr , Mangrum J. Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThermally induced cardiac lesions result in necrosis, edema, and inflammation. This tissue change may be seen with ultrasound. In this study, we sought to use intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) to evaluate pulmonary vein tissue morphology and assess the acute tissue changes that occur following radiofrequency (RF) or laser ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods and ResultsPatients with AF underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using irrigated RF or laser balloon. Pre‐ and post‐ablation ICE imaging was performed from within each pulmonary vein (PV). At least 10 transverse imaging planes per PV were evaluated and each plane was divided into eight segments. The PV/atrial wall thickness and the luminal area were measured at each segment. Twenty‐seven patients underwent PVI (15 with laser, 12 with RF). Ninety‐eight pulmonary veins were analyzed (58 PVs laser; 40 PVs RF). At baseline, there were no regional differences in PV wall thickness in the right‐sided veins. The anterior regions of left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV) and left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV) were significantly thicker compared with the posterior and inferior regions (p < .01). Post‐ablation, PV wall thickness in RF group increased 24.1% interquartile range (IQR) (17.2%–36.7%) compared with 1.2% IQR (0.4%–8.9%) in laser group, p = .004. In all PVs, RF ablation resulted in significantly greater percent increase in wall thickness compared with laser. Additionally, RF resulted in more variable changes in regional PV wall thickness; with more increases in wall thickness in anterior versus posterior LSPV (75.4 ± 58.5% vs. 46.8 ± 55.6%, p < .01), anterior versus posterior right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) (62.9 ± 63.9% vs. 44.6 ± 51.7%, p < .05), and superior versus inferior RSPV (69.1 ± 45.4% vs. 35.9 ± 45%, p < .05). There were no significant regional differences in PV wall thickness changes for the laser group.ConclusionsRotational ICE can be used to measure acute tissue changes with ablation. Regional variability in baseline wall thickness was nonuniformly present in PVs. Acute tissue changes occurred immediately post‐ablation. Compared with laser balloon, RF shows markedly more thickening post‐ablation with significant regional variations.