bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
19th and 20th Century Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum
Authors: Regelski Thomas A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores more recent and more relevant philosophies: Existentialism-phenomenology, and Pragmatism. Existentialism is examined, first of all, in terms of its early roots in the theological philosophy of Kierkegaard and its emphasis on self-reflection in action, then as extended by humanistic existentialism and humanistic psychology. Pragmatism examines the nature of educational experiences, the action implications of “musicing” and “amateuring,” and its critique of traditional aesthetics rooted in Kantian idealism. Both topics are extensively applied to major considerations of curriculum planning. Frequent references to pragmatism continue in the following chapters.
Curriculum Models from Educational Theory
Authors: Regelski Thomas A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents a range of models from educational theory. Some are thoughtless habits that protect the status quo of practices for transmission of past knowledge, while others are more productive of transformation of schools, students, and society. First discussed is basic studies/essentialism, the dysfunctional default setting of many schools and educators. Especially problematic for music educators is perennialism, a commitment to the supposed “Great Works” and “great ideas” of Western civilization. More helpfully, progressivism is then addressed as based in Dewey’s pragmatic theory of “learning by doing.” Finally, reconstructionism and critical theory share an emphasis on overcoming social status quo class divisions that the traditional approaches to schooling were transmitting.
The Breakdown in American Public Life
Authors: Ledewitz Bruce 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There is a breakdown in American public life. Our divisions today go well beyond usual partisan differences. Despite the many aspects of American life that are going quite well, including finally reckoning with our national heritage of racial oppression, we are filled with frustration and distrust. Americans suffer from destructive partisanship amounting to political deadlock. Our system cannot work when the political parties refuse to work together. Both sides believe their political opponents want to destroy them. We cannot even agree on the simplest and most obvious facts or turn to common sources of information. We call this the death of truth. These overlapping conditions contribute to widespread anger and despair.
The Spiritual Dimension of the Breakdown
Authors: Ledewitz Bruce 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The usual explanations of the breakdown in American public life fail to account for our current condition. They do, however, point to an underlying national spiritual crisis. The economy has not actually performed that badly. Big money is not that influential. The pathologies of social media are symptoms of our problems, not sources. Even racism is only a part of our national distress. Both sides claim the unreasonableness of the other side is the problem. These opponents have weakened the institutions of government. Some observers have given up trying to explain our condition, pointing to human nature, when human nature should be constant, or to historical cycles that simply occur. Our crisis is part of the failure of the Enlightenment and capitalism to sustain meaningful human life in secular society. The problem is the Death of God.
Interpretation, Comparison, and the History of Religions
Authors: Miller Richard B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter critically examines the work of Jonathan Z. Smith and the Interpretive-Comparative Method for studying religion. It unpacks Smith’s ideas about theory and method and shows how they instantiate the guild’s ascetic ideal in the study of religion. It describes three signature ideas in his approach, noting in particular Smith’s silence about matters of purpose when theorizing about method. It then describes how he mobilizes his ideas in his treatment of the mass suicide in Jonestown, Guyana with the aim of overcoming incomprehension surrounding that event by invoking a method of interpretive and comparative reasoning. Drawing on the ideas of Peter Strawson, the chapter shows what a critical humanistic assessment of Jonestown would look like in contrast to Smith’s reading of them, focusing on the experience of indignation at injustice and the tragic loss of life at Jonestown.
Scientific Rationality and Causal Explanation
Authors: Miller Richard B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the work of Donald Wiebe and the Scientific-Explanatory Method. Otherwise known as the naturalistic paradigm, the Scientific-Explanatory Method insists that the study of religion should operate within a value-free, disinterested, and empirical set of parameters. The chapter examines Wiebe’s ideas and then enlists and expands on insights offered in the previous chapter to show how Wiebe’s naturalism rules out valid sources of knowledge about human experience. Drawing on the philosophical anthropology and hermeneutical ideas of Charles Taylor, it shows how naturalism drapes human conduct under the banner of behaviorism and excludes from consideration the idea that human beings are agents who act according to intersubjective reasons. The chapter concludes by arguing that the naturalistic paradigm relies on a fact-value distinction that reflects and reinforces the commitments to value-neutrality that the book identifies as afflicting the field.
Genealogy, Ideology, and Critical Theory
Authors: Miller Richard B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the Genealogical-Ideological Method for interrogating the category of religion and unmasking its complicity with capitalist market interests, racial and gender inequities, colonializing practices, and power. With these ideas in hand, the chapter examines representative works by Russell McCutcheon, Timothy Fitzgerald, and Saba Mahmood. In their works, it is argued, the problem of failing to provide justificatory arguments looms large. McCutcheon and Fitzgerald fail to see how the problems they espy in the study of religion apply to their way of thinking. Mahmood conceives of human agency as an outcome of repetitive bodily practices rather than as relying on reasons for action, thus denying her ways to understand human motivation in Islamic pietism and concealing the justificatory dimensions of the practices she describes in Politics of Piety. The chapter shows how problems in these approaches are symptomatic of difficulties surrounding the justificatory status of the study of religion.
The Emergence of the PRI in Mexico
Authors: Ackerman Edwin F. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the role of erosion of traditional agrarian structures on party organization in Mexico. Land privatization was extensive but not uniform in the country by the time the Partido Revolucioonario Institucional (PRI) began forming. Through agrarian census materials and archival evidence of electoral mobilization and peasant union construction, this chapter shows how the regions in the country with relatively higher levels of land privatization and where kinship-based communal councils were weak were the areas where the PRI emerged as a mass party. In areas where land privatization was weak and communal councils were strong, the party was able to establish only tenuous temporary alliances with peasants. It shows how these regional differences correspond to differences in peasants’ organizational availability, types of interests and demands, and emergence of professional politicians autonomous from their communities of origin. These differences facilitated the emergence of the PRI.
Dispossession and Party Formation in Broader Comparative Perspective
Authors: Ackerman Edwin F. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter shows that rather than emerging from a ready-formed cohesive industrial labor movement, these parties’ original constituency was the demoted artisan and peasantry in transition to be, but not yet, proletarianized. Second, in a related way, the chapter shows that the period of party emergence followed a process of economic and political dispossession: these parties articulated new political subjectivities in the context of eroding traditional economic and political structures. The differences in the timing of party emergence between the countries lie precisely in how these processes of dispossession developed: in Germany, the process of economic dispossession coincided with a political dispossession setting the terrain for the mass-party form, while in the British case, economic dispossession was not initially accompanied by political dispossession of the working classes, who maintained a degree of self-presentational authority, particularly in the form of “friendly societies.”
Medieval Darkness, a Dim Renaissance
Authors: Wellman Kathleen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In these textbooks, the Middle Ages is a dark period when Christianity was perverted into Catholicism. They read the Reformation backward, showing that the Catholic Church rejected Lutheran theological tenets long before his time. They appreciate the Anglo-Saxons and medieval figures who challenged the Catholic Church as proto-Protestants. They vilify the French as their antithesis. The early English prepare the way for the Reformation and, ultimately, a Christian nation in the New World. The textbooks also use the Middle Ages to initiate some of their economic arguments, connecting early commercial development to incipient Anglo-Saxon Protestantism and then to post-Reformation Protestantism. The Renaissance, however, was an unfortunate flourishing of humanism. These interpretations of the Middle Ages have historical roots in white nationalism and anti-Catholicism, which have characterized American evangelicalism in the past and have become more prominent in recent public discourse.
Conclusion
Authors: Wellman Kathleen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In its conclusion, Hijacking History holds up a mirror to the narrative of these Christian world histories by considering the terms by which they define themselves: How has their narrative defined and used Christianity? How do they use history to analyze the past? And how do they construe the world? The conclusion reiterates central themes of the book but also urges thoughtful responses, critical engagement, and resistance to efforts to impose this polemic on American schoolchildren, particularly in schools supported by public funds. The dissemination of this narrative has surely played a role in hardening a national divide, with serious implications for civic life and democracy.
Respondents’ Religious and Social Landscape
Authors: Morello Gustavo S.J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Because people’s lived religion happens in everyday life, it is relevant to know what daily life looks like, both in the privacy of the home and in the workplace or recreation spaces. This chapter presents a contemporary overview of Latin America’s religious landscape, and also respondents’ experience of “lived modernity.” In the three Latin American cities studied, it is a challenging one. The economy is perhaps one of the biggest pending bills of modernity. The most secularized social sphere has not brought about the prosperity and security promised. The point of this chapter is that if Latin Americans experience modernity in a different way than Europeans or US citizens, it makes sense that they also experience religion differently (even if their traditions come from the United States, Europe, Middle East, or Africa).
Introduction
Authors: Wright Dale S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Introduction outlines the book’s purposes and approach by explaining the title’s three components. It asks what it means to live skillfully and how the Vimalakīrti Sūtra focuses on the cultivation of life skills through the development of Buddhist practices. It then inquires into the meaning of a Buddhist philosophy of life and how it might play a crucial role in our efforts to diminish human suffering and to advance human awareness and awakening. Finally, it describes the unique character of the Vimalakīrti Sūtra and how this book will approach the sutra as a means to cultivate a contemporary philosophy of life along Buddhist lines that might accentuate the possibility of living skillfully.
Skill-in-Means
Authors: Wright Dale S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses the Mahayana Buddhist theme of upaya, the “skillful means” required to live an authentic bodhisattva life of wisdom and compassion. The sutra pictures Vimalakirti’s skill as the ability to work with others toward the common good in a wide variety of circumstances. Vimalakirti is described as fully inclusive, rejecting no one while working to liberate everyone from the poisons of greed, hatred, and delusion. His skillful means is centered on the cultivation of intention, a vow to enact the highest thought of enlightenment possible under current conditions. The chapter concludes with an examination of five dimensions of character valorized in the sutra.
The Goddess of Freedom
Authors: Wright Dale S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the sutra’s understanding of freedom by following the story of a goddess who for one full chapter becomes the principal teacher. She gives instruction on the formation of intention and the necessity to avoid clinging to all states of mind. She repudiates the pride of self-seeking by denying her own achievements, and teaches how bodhisattvas should understand gender roles and distinctions—by seeing how dependent and impermanent they really are. The goddess’s role in the sutra is to open Buddhism to greater flexibility and to new insights. This chapter seeks to define what those insights are.
On Children’s Outcomes
Authors: Rosenfeld Michael J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Chapter 12 reviews research on the educational progress of children raised in different kinds of families. Using data from the 2000 U.S. census, the chapter shows that children raised by same-sex couples had good outcomes, which was consistent with a broad consensus of social science studies. In contrast to the negligible difference in educational progress between children raised by same-sex couples and children raised by heterosexual couples, there are many dimensions of social life that are strongly associated with children’s educational progress in the U.S. These more predictive dimensions include race, gender of the child, parental social class, parental education, region, disability, children raised in families as compared to children under the care of the state or foster children, and rural compared to urban and suburban residence. This research was featured in the DeBoer v Snyder trial.
Social Science in the Courtroom
Authors: Rosenfeld Michael J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Chapter 18 describes social science research of the 1940s and 1950s that showed how segregation harmed both minority and majority populations and thereby played a role in the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision of 1954. Between 1896, when the Supreme Court endorsed segregation in Plessy v. Ferguson to 1954, when the Supreme Court rejected segregation, social science had built a consensus about the many harms and costs that racial segregation imposed on Black and on White children. Like school desegregation, marriage equality’s victories in the courts were built on a social science consensus, specifically the social science consensus that children raised by same-sex couples have good outcomes.
Chaos Rainbows
Authors: Schultz William Todd 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Chapter 4 provides an examination of the common states of mind arising out of openness, including schizotypy, reduced latent inhibition, and cognitive disinhibition. The chapter reconstructs a frame of mind artists themselves have a hard time describing. From there, questions center on the shaping, the organizing, and the ordering involved in art-making. Most of the chapter is dedicated to chaos and its roots in personality. But chaos alone isn’t enough. Creativity is making something. Chaos is a means to that end, the making. How the artist uses chaos is just as important as finding ways to stay open to it. Numerous artists are used as illustrations, including Bob Dylan, Jack Kerouac, Jerry Seinfeld, Steve Jobs, and Joni Mitchell. A four-step model for how raw materials get shaped into art is also presented.
The Myth of the Mentally Ill Artist
Authors: Schultz William Todd 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Chapter 7 examines the actual study findings related to art and mental illness and concludes that this connection has not been decisively established. The chapter looks at popular studies that have attempted to prove that artists disproportionately suffer from mental illness. The author argues that these studies rise or fall based on how they are conducted, or the quality of the research, and proceeds to look closely at this quality question. The author argues something very different from the art–madness equation: that art is rooted not in disorder but in variations of personality. It’s personality that’s predictive, not emotional disturbance. The author concludes by locating the actual source of artist “torture” in the qualities of mind produced by openness.
Willful Defiance
Authors: Warren Mark R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Willful Defiance documents how Black and Brown parents, students and members of low-income communities of color organized to dismantle the school-to-prison pipeline in their local schools and built a movement that spread across the country. The book begins in the Mississippi Delta where African American families were some of the first to name and speak out against the school-to-prison pipeline and challenge anti-Black racism, exclusionary discipline policies that suspend and expel students of color at disproportionate rates and policing practices that lead students into the juvenile and criminal justice systems. The book examines organizing processes in Mississippi, Los Angeles, Chicago, and other localities, showing how groups led by parents and students of color built the power to win policy changes to reduce suspensions and expulsions by centering the participation of people most impacted by injustice and combining deep local organizing with resources from the national movement. It shows how an intersectional movement emerged as girls of color and gender nonconforming students asserted their voice, the movement won victories to remove or defund school police and sought to establish restorative justice alternatives to transform deep-seated racism in public schools. The book documents the struggle organizers waged to build a movement led by community groups accountable to people most impacted by injustice rather than Washington-based professional advocates. It offers a new model for federated movements that operate simultaneously at local, state, and national levels, while primarily oriented to support local organizing and reconceptualizes national movements as interconnected local struggles whose victories are lifted up and “nationalized” to transform racially inequitable policies at multiple levels.
The School-to-Prison Pipeline
Authors: Warren Mark R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1 offers an analysis of the school-to-prison pipeline as the modern incarnation of a system of white supremacy based upon the mass criminalization of Black and Brown communities. It documents the rise of the school-to-prison pipeline in zero-tolerance school discipline policies and the increasing presence of police and security measures in schools. The school-to-prison pipeline is more than a set of well-intentioned but misguided school discipline policies that require reform. Rather, it represents an interlocking system of racial domination and control that keeps communities of color poor and lacking in power. It signifies the current version of the historic effort to maintain white supremacy by denying education to African Americans and criminalizing generations of young people of color and their families. This larger analytical framework of systemic racism is important because it establishes the need for a racial and educational justice movement to dismantle it.
The Movement Spreads
Authors: Warren Mark R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Chapter 7 discusses the spread of the movement across the country. It shows how small, under-resourced groups like Racial Justice NOW! in Dayton, Ohio, won significant victories by combining strong parent organizing with critical support from the national Dignity in Schools Campaign. It charts the efforts of Families and Friends of Louisiana’s Incarcerated Children to combat the school-to-prison pipeline in a privatized district dominated by charter schools. It examines the work of the Gwinnett Parent Coalition to Dismantle the School-to-Prison Pipeline outside of Atlanta. It shows how students of color face sharply inequitable discipline despite attending higher performing schools and the challenges of confronting the school-to-prison pipeline in white-dominated districts used to serving majority white populations. The chapter ends in the suburbs surrounding Richmond, Virginia, where local organizers confront a system that has systematically denied educational opportunities to students of color with special needs.
Ostmark
Authors: Roche Helen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Following Austria’s annexation by the Third Reich, the NPEA authorities were eager to pursue every opportunity to found new Napolas in the freshly acquired territories of the ‘Ostmark’. In the first instance, the Inspectorate took over the existing state boarding schools (Bundeserziehungsanstalten/Staatserziehungsanstalten) at Wien-Breitensee, Wien-Boerhavegasse, Traiskirchen, and the Theresianum. Secondly, beyond Vienna, numerous Napolas were also founded in the buildings of monastic foundations which had been requisitioned and expropriated by the Nazi security services. These included the abbey complexes at Göttweig, Lambach, Seckau, Vorau, and St. Paul (Spanheim), as well as the Catholic seminary at St. Veit (present-day Ljubljana-Šentvid, Slovenia). This chapter begins by charting the chequered history of the former imperial and royal (k.u.k.) cadet schools in Vienna, which were refashioned into civilian Bundeserziehungsanstalten by the Austrian socialist educational reformer Otto Glöckel immediately after World War I. During the reign of Dollfuß and Schuschnigg’s Austrofascist state, the schools were threatened from within by the terrorist activity of illegal Hitler Youth cells, and the Anschluss was ultimately welcomed by many pupils, staff, and administrators. August Heißmeyer and Otto Calliebe’s subsequent efforts to reform the schools into Napolas led to their being incorporated into the NPEA system on 13 March 1939. The chapter then treats the Inspectorate’s foundation of further Napolas in expropriated religious buildings, focusing on NPEA St. Veit as a case study. In conclusion, it outlines the ways in which both of these forms of Napolisation conformed to broader patterns of Nazification policy in Austria after the Anschluss.
Principles of Metal Refining and Recycling
Authors: Engh Thorvald Abel , Sigworth Geoffrey K. , Kvithyld Anne 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Covers the field of recycling and refining of metals. An important point the book stresses is that the principles are the same in the treatment of various different metals. The book answerd why it is important to have a clean and properly alloyed metal from recycling and refined metal? The text covers basic thermodynamics, physical and transport properties, mixing, mass transfer and numerical models. Further it identifies problems and described methods for removal of dissolved impurity elements, particles and inclusions, also during solidification. And lastly applications remelting and addition of alloys, recycling and challenges and specific processes for each metal are included. The book is self-contained.