bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the critical drawdown pressure of sanding onset for perforated wells in ultra‐deep reservoirs with high temperature and high pressure
Authors: Lu Yu , Xue Chengwen , Liu Tao , Chi Ming , Yu Jie , Gao Han , Xu Xiaohui , Li Haitao , Zhuo Yiran 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPerforated wells in ultra‐deep sandstone reservoirs are characterized by high reservoir temperature, high formation pressure, and high production, and sand production will cause severe safety hazards to these wells. Based on Drucker‐Prager (DP) rock failure criterion, a practical analytical model for predicting critical drawdown pressure (CDP) of sanding onset for perforated wells is established by comprehensively considering the influence of drag stress, formation water production, reservoir pressure depletion, temperature difference in the perforated wellbore. The proposed model is verified by field sanding onset monitoring data. The calculation results show that CDP changes with well inclination, and it decreases with the increase in wellbore temperature difference, reservoir pressure depletion, and water saturation. However, the CDP increases with the number of perforations and the ratio of diameter to length. The optimization of perforation parameters has an important influence on sand control. This study can effectively guide the prediction of CDP and provides basis for efficient and safe development of similar ultra‐deep and high yield sandstone reservoirs.
The Cosmolian program for simulating aeolian dynamics and its application to central Australia
Authors: Vainer Shlomy , Ben Dor Yoav 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe wide spatial coverage of sand dunes in continental interiors makes the understanding of their activity and accumulation history valuable for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and the interpretation of landscape evolution. Nevertheless, the study of aeolian landscape development at the million‐year timescale is hampered by the complex interaction of factors determining dune migration and the inherently self‐destructive nature of their chronostratigraphy, thus limiting the applicability of traditional dating methods. This study presents a standalone program that simulates aeolian transport based on luminescence‐derived chronologies coupled with numerical modelling of the accumulation of cosmogenic nuclides. This integrative approach to modelling the history of aeolian landforms reveals phases of emergence of aeolian sand into the landscape, and provides a data‐based scheme that facilitates the morphodynamical study of aeolian processes over multiple timescales and up to several millions of years. The application of the program for reanalysing previously reported data from the Australian Simpson Desert reveals multiple pulses of sand dispersion into central Australia at 3.8–3.4, 2.9–2.5 and 1.5–1 Ma, corresponding to pronounced changes in climatic conditions and landscape deformation events. The synchronicity of the results with the established environmental framework that would promote the production and aeolian distribution of sand exemplifies the applicability of process‐based modelling in constructing a timeframe of key landscape evolution events in arid environments by studying aeolian deposits. The dependence of the parameters used to determine environmental settings on sand transportation patterns additionally makes the program a powerful tool to further investigate the triggers and mechanisms of aeolian processes.
Antiretroviral Drugs in African Surface Waters: Prevalence, Analysis, and Potential Remediation
Authors: Adeola Adedapo O. , Forbes Patricia B.C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The sources, ecotoxicological impact, and potential remediation strategies of antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs) as emerging contaminants in surface waters are reviewed based on recent literature. The occurrence of ARVDs in water bodies raises concern because many communities in Africa depend on rivers for water resources. Southern Africa is a potential hotspot regarding ARVD contamination due to relatively high therapeutic application and detection thereof in water bodies. Efavirenz and nevirapine are the most persistent in effluents and are prevalent in surface water based on environmental concentrations. Whereas the highest concentration of efavirenz reported in Kenya was 12.4 µg L–1, concentrations as high as 119 and 140 µg L–1 have been reported in Zambia and South Africa, respectively. Concentrations of ARVDs ranging from 670 to 34 000 ng L–1 (influents) and 540 to 34 000 ng L–1 (effluents) were determined in wastewater treatment plants in South Africa, compared with Europe, where reported concentrations range from less than limit of detection (LOD) to 32 ng L–1 (influents) and less than LOD to 22 ng L–1 (effluents). The present African-based review suggests the need for comprehensive toxicological and risk assessment of these emerging pollutants in Africa, with the intent of averting environmental hazards and the development of sustainable remediation strategies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:247–262. © 2021 SETAC
Abstract
Distribution and ecotoxicity of antiretroviral drug contamination in the African environment. CNS = central nervous system.
Bashkirian taeniate bisaccate pollen‐dominated palynological assemblage from northwestern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Province, China
Authors: Shi Tianming , Li Qiong , Amuti Aliya , Xiao Jinan , Liu Feng , Yang Wan , Li Qiuli , Zhang Hua , Lü Zeng , Peng Huiping 
Published: May 2021

The Early Pennsylvanian land plant community is characterized by widespread forests consisting of lycopsids, ferns, and seeds fern in swampy wetlands. The contemporaneous palynological assemblages are mainly composed of spores ofLycosporaspp.,Densosporitesspp., andLaevigatosporitesspp. and monosaccate prepollen ofFlorinitesspp. Taeniate bisaccate pollen appeared for the first time during the Early Pennsylvanian but never prevailed in the coeval palynological assemblages. Here, we report a taeniate bisaccate pollen‐dominated palynological assemblage from the Jiamuhe Formation of Well Ke 85 in the Zhongguai Uplift, northwestern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang. Nineteen miospore species belonging to 14 genera were identified from the assemblage. Based on their relative abundance, one assemblage is nominated informally asCalamospora breviradiata–Lunatisporites tersus(BT) assemblage. SIMS U–Pb geochronological analysis of zircons from two volcanic ash beds from the basal and upper parts of the formation yields weighted mean206Pb/238U dates of 316.3 ± 2.2 Ma (MSWD = 1.2,n = 19) and 316.5 ± 2.8 Ma (MSWD = 0.85,n = 20) in an ascending order. A Bashkirian age is thus assigned to the BT assemblage. Our combined palynological and geochronological investigations reveal an early stage of the rise of conifers in the Kazakhstan Plate and offer a rare glimpse into the Early Pennsylvanian land vegetation in the subtropical area at the northern hemisphere.
Tick salivary gland extract induces alpha‐gal syndrome in alpha‐gal deficient mice
Authors: Choudhary Shailesh K. , Karim Shahid , Iweala Onyinye I. , Choudhary Shivangi , Crispell Gary , Sharma Surendra Raj , Addison Claire T. , Kulis Mike , Herrin Brian H. , Little Susan E. , Commins Scott P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionAlpha‐gal syndrome (AGS) is characterized by delayed hypersensitivity to non‐primate mammalian meat in people having specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to the oligosaccharide galactose‐alpha‐1,3‐galactose. AGS has been linked to tick bites from Amblyomma americanum (Aa) in the U.S. A small animal model of meat allergy is needed to study the mechanism of alpha‐gal sensitization, the effector phase leading to delayed allergic responses and potential therapeutics to treat AGS.MethodsEight‐ to ten‐weeks old mice with a targeted inactivation of alpha‐1,3‐galactosyltransferase (AGKO) were injected intradermally with 50 μg of Aa tick salivary gland extract (TSGE) on days 0, 7, 21, 28, 42, and 49. Total IgE and alpha‐gal sIgE were quantitated on Day 56 by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Mice were challenged orally with 400 mg of cooked pork kidney homogenate or pork fat. Reaction severity was assessed by measuring a drop in core body temperature and scoring allergic signs.ResultsCompared to control animals, mice treated with TSGE had 190‐fold higher total IgE on Day 56 (0.60 ± 0.12 ng/ml vs. 113.2 ± 24.77 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Alpha‐gal sIgE was also produced in AGKO mice following TSGE sensitization (undetected vs. 158.4 ± 72.43 pg/ml). Further, sensitized mice displayed moderate clinical allergic signs along with a drop in core body temperature of ≥2°C as an objective measure of a systemic allergic reaction. Interestingly, female mice had higher total IgE responses to TSGE treatment but male mice had larger declines in mean body temperature.ConclusionTSGE‐sensitized AGKO mice generate sIgE to alpha‐gal and demonstrate characteristic allergic responses to pork fat and pork kidney. In keeping with the AGS responses documented in humans, mice reacted more rapidly to organ meat than to high fat pork challenge. This mouse model establishes the central role of tick bites in the development of AGS and provides a small animal model to mechanistically study mammalian meat allergy.
SIRT6 through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to enhance radiosensitivity of non‐Small cell lung cancer and inhibit tumor progression
Authors: Xiong Lianggeng , Tan Binxin , Lei Xiubing , Zhang Biao , Li Wenting , Liu Daimei , Xia Tian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo explore the effect and mechanism of SIRT6 on radiosensitivity and tumor progression of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). qRT‐PCR was performed to detect the expressions of SIRT6 in tumor tissues, adjacent normal tissues and NSCLC cell lines of patients with advanced NSCLC before and after radiotherapy. After overexpression or interference with SIRT6 expression in NSCLC cells, the cells were routinely cultured or transfected for 48 h followed by 4 Gy radiation for 24 h. Then, check the cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and cell cycle by MTT, wound healing assay and flow cytometry, while detect the expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway‐related proteins by Western blot. In addition, the effect of SIRT6 expression on NSCLC tumor growth was analyzed by xenograft tumor assay. SIRT6 showed a low expression in NSCLC tumor tissues and cell lines, while SIRT6 was significantly increased in NSCLC tissues after radiation treatment. Overexpression of SIRT6 in A549 and NCI‐H23 cells inhibited cell proliferation viability, migration ability and promoted apoptosis. By comparison, after radiation treatment, NSCLC cells with high SIRT6 expression had lower ability of proliferation and migration and higher apoptosis rate. Overexpression of SIRT6 evidently down‐regulated the activity of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in NSCLC cells before and after radiation. In addition, H2009 cells exhibited opposite cellular functions after interference with SIRT6 expression. In vivo experiments showed that overexpression of SIRT6 promoted the inhibitory effect of radiation on the growth of NSCLC xenograft tumors in nude mice. SIRT6 can promote the radiosensitivity of NSCLC and inhibit the development of tumor by down‐regulating the activity of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 promotes osteoblastic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the lncRNA‐H19/miR‐214‐5p/BMP2 axis
Authors: He Qiting , Li Ruibin , Hu Beibei , Li Xuezhou , Wu Yunpeng , Sun Pengfei , Jia Yuhua , Guo Yongyuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundStromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1) plays an important role in the osteoblastic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs), but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Our study aimed to clarify the role of the lncRNA‐H19/miR‐214‐5p/BMP2 axis in the osteoblastic differentiation of hBMMSCs induced by SDF‐1.MethodsWe used reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, alkaline phosphatase activity test, and Alizarin red staining to evaluate the osteoblastic differentiation of primary hBMMSCs and the luciferase reporter assay to determine if lncRNA‐H19 binds with miR‐214‐5p.ResultsOur results indicated that SDF‐1 (50 ng/mL) promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of hBMMSCs, significantly upregulates osteoblastogenic genes (OCN,OSX,RUNX2, andALP), and increases Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity, and lncRNA‐H19 expression. Luciferase reporter assay verified that lncRNA‐H19 binds with and represses miR‐214‐5p, thereby upregulating BMP2 expression. Use of miR‐214‐5p inhibitor or overexpression of lncRNA‐H19 can promote the osteoblastic differentiation of hBMMSCs, but miR‐214‐5p or shH19 inhibits the osteoblastic differentiation of hBMMSCs. Treatment with an miR‐214‐5p inhibitor could rescue the inhibitory effect of shH19 on the osteoblastic differentiation of hBMMSCs.ConclusionsTaken together, SDF‐1 promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of hBMMSCs through the lncRNA‐H19/miR‐214‐5p/BMP2 axis. Increased osteoblastic differentiation by an miR‐214‐5p inhibitor reveals a new possible strategy for the treatment of bone defect and osteoporosis.
Synthesis and antiviral screening of 2‐(propylthio)‐7‐substituted‐thiazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidines as anti‐bovine viral diarrhea virus agents
Authors: Basyouni Wahid M. , Abbas Samir Y. , El‐Bayouki Khairy A. M. , Dawood Reham M. , El Awady Mostafa K. , Abdelhafez Tawfeek H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract7‐Chloro‐2‐(propylthio)thiazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidine 4 was prepared and used as a precursor for synthesizing new derivatives of thiazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidine through the nucleophilic displacement of the chlorine atom by different types of amino derivatives. Reaction of compound 4 with primary and secondary amines produced the corresponding substituted amino derivatives. Reaction of 4 with hydrazine hydrate then followed by condensation with aromatic aldehydes afforded hydrazone derivatives. Reaction of 4 with hydrazine hydrate then followed by reaction with isothiocyanates gave the disubstituted thiosemicarbazides. Finally, treatment of 4 with hydrazine derivatives afforded the novel disubstituted hydrazine derivatives. Preliminary antiviral screening on the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was carried out, which was classified as a member of the same family of Hepatitis C virus. The results indicated that some of the tested compounds exhibited anti‐BVDV activity which may be suitable for a new lead molecule to design more potent anti‐BVDV agents.
Evaluation of long‐term radiological findings, pulmonary functions, and health‐related quality of life in survivors of severe COVID‐19
Authors: Bardakci Mustafa Ilteris , Ozturk Esin Nagihan , Ozkarafakili Mufide Arzu , Ozkurt Huseyin , Yanc Ugur , Yildiz Sevgi Dilek 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveIt was aimed to evaluate long‐term radiological changes in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients, to investigate pulmonary function, exercise capacities, and health‐related quality of life results.MethodsSixty‐five patients with severe COVID‐19 pneumonia were evaluated in the sixth month after discharge from the hospital. Spirometry, 6 min walking test (6MWT), and short form of health‐related quality of life scale (SF‐36) were applied in the sixth month. Chest computed tomography (CT) was performed and the findings were grouped according to lung involvement.ResultsForty‐nine male and 16 female patients were included in the study. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)% values of 18 patients (30.5%), forced vital capacity (FVC)% values of 27 patients (45.8%), and 6MWT of 13 patients (23.2%) were found lower than expected in the sixth month. On the SF‐36 scale, physical function, energy‐vitality, social functionality, pain, and general health parameters were found lower than normal. Minimal interstitial changes in chest CT were seen in 26 patients. Nine patients had lung area involvement between 10% and 50% of the surface, there was a correlation between FEV1% and FVC% values in this group. There was severe pulmonary fibrosis in four patients. There was a correlation between pulmonary function and physical function and general perception of health from SF‐36 scale subparameters.ConclusionFunctional and radiological abnormalities were detected in a significant number of patients in the sixth month after severe COVID‐19 pneumonia. A systematic monitoring plan must be established to assess and properly manage the long‐term problems that may arise.
The moderating role of self‐efficacy in the relationship between workplace envy and social undermining
Authors: Hilal Omnia Abdelazeem 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEnvy can motivate individuals to strive harder or to harm others. We examine the relationship between workplace envy and social undermining ‐ the insidious act of dragging down others. The role of self‐efficacy in this relationship has not been explored in previous research; therefore, it is proposed that self‐efficacy acts as a moderator. The study, based on data from a survey of 304 Egyptian physicians, provides insights into the ways in which social undermining is practiced, and suggests how it could be managed. Two hypotheses are developed and tested using hierarchal regression analysis: that workplace envy and social undermining are positively related, and that self‐efficacy moderates that relationship. The results of the study support these hypothesized relationships. They also demonstrate that the relationship between workplace envy and social undermining is significantly stronger among physicians with low self‐efficacy than those with high self‐efficacy. The article offers several suggestions for how to manage the problem of social undermining which are particularly relevant to physicians and health care managers.
Preemptive effects of ibuprofen and nimesulide on postoperative pain control after open flap periodontal surgeries: A randomized placebo‐controlled split‐mouth clinical trial
Authors: Santos Bianca F. E. , Costa Fernando O. , Vasconcelos Andrea M. A. , Cyrino Renata M. , Cota Luís O. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundData on preemptive analgesia in periodontal surgeries are scarce and still diverse. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the analgesic effects of the preemptive administration of ibuprofen and nimesulide in open flap periodontal surgeries.MethodsThe present randomized controlled clinical trial comprised 40 individuals, divided into two groups (n = 20), according to the test drug (ibuprofen and nimesulide) to be administered 1 hour preoperatively. Participants underwent bilateral periodontal surgeries at two different times, and were randomly given the test drug or placebo in a split‐mouth design. Postoperative pain and rescue medication were evaluated at different times. Comparisons between ibuprofen and nimesulide were performed through a Generalized Estimation Equation model, using test drug and evaluation times, along with an interaction between these two variables as predictors.ResultsIn intergroup comparisons regarding pain control, ibuprofen showed better effects than placebo only at the first postoperative hour, whereas nimesulide showed better effects than placebo at 1, 6, 24, and 48 postoperative hours. In intergroup comparisons, nimesulide showed better effects than ibuprofen at 24, 48, and 72 postoperative hours, demonstrating a higher overall preemptive effect. No differences were observed in relation to the number of rescue medication.ConclusionPreemptive administration of nimesulide showed better overall preemptive effects on postoperative pain control when compared with ibuprofen.
Research progress on the response of tea catechins to drought stress
Authors: Lv Zhidong , Zhang Chenyu , Shao Chenyu , Liu Baogui , Liu Enshuo , Yuan Danni , Zhou Yuebing , Shen Chengwen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDrought stress (DS) is the most important abiotic stress affecting yield and quality of tea worldwide. DS causes oxidative stress to cells due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). As non‐enzymatic antioxidants, tea catechins can scavenge excess ROS in response to DS. Further, catechin accumulation contributes to the formation of oxidative polymerization products (e.g. theaflavins and thearubigins) that improve the quality of black tea. However, there are no systematic reports on the response of tea catechins to DS. First, we reviewed the available literature on the response of tea plants to DS. Second, we summarized the current knowledge of ROS production in tea leaves under DS and typical antioxidant response mechanisms. Third, we conducted a detailed review of the changes in catechin levels in tea under different drought conditions. We found that the total amounts of catechin and o‐quinone increased under DS conditions. We propose that the possible mechanisms underlying tea catechin accumulation under DS conditions include (i) autotrophic formation of o‐quinone, (ii) polymerization of proanthocyanidins that directly scavenge excess ROS, and (iii) formation of metal ion complexes and by influencing the antioxidant systems that indirectly eliminate excess ROS. Finally, we discuss ways of potentially improving black tea quality using drought before picking in the summer/fall dry season. In summary, we mainly discuss the antioxidant mechanisms of tea catechins under DS and the possibility of using drought to improve black tea quality. Our review provides a theoretical basis for the production of high‐quality black tea under DS conditions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Enzyme pre‐milling treatments improved milling performance of chickpeas by targeting mechanisms of seed coat and cotyledon adhesion with various effects on dhal quality
Authors: Wood Jennifer A , Knights Edmund J , Campbell Grant M , Harden Steven , Choct Mingan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDDehulling and splitting are important elements of the milling process to produce dhal from pulses. However, grain that is difficult‐to‐mill because of tightly adhered seed coats or cotyledons that resist separation makes it difficult to achieve high quality dhal. Milling yields are reduced, energy inputs into the milling process are increased, and the resulting dhal can be of poorer quality, chipped or abraded.RESULTSEight enzyme pre‐treatments were chosen based on the hypothesised mechanisms of seed coat and cotyledon adhesion established previously. Using a difficult‐to‐mill chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotype, we examined the effects of these pre‐treatments, over time, on laboratory‐scale milling performance and dhal quality. We pioneered a texture analyser method to measure the flex of the cotyledons and the force required to cleave the cotyledons. The enzyme‐induced changes ranged from negative (tough seed coat, weight loss, deleterious colour and texture, increased visual damage to cotyledons and increased kibble loss, concave cotyledons, increased flex, and changes in taste) to positive (brittle seed coat, increased seed volume, improved dehulling efficiency and splitting yield, reduced cotyledon cleavage force, and acceptable dhal quality and taste).CONCLUSIONAll pre‐treatments improved milling performance compared to milling the raw seed, although there was considerable variation between them. Two pre‐treatments showed no improvement in milling yields compared to the water control, and several pre‐treatments resulted in unacceptable qualities. Three pre‐treatments, endo‐polygalacturonanase, α‐galactosidase and cellulase, show potential for commercial milling applications and could assist pulse millers globally to achieve high quality dhal at the same time as minimising milling effort. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.