bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of fetal nucleated red blood cells from maternal blood as a target for single cell sequencing‐based non‐invasive genetic testing
Authors: Ito Noriko , Tsukamoto Kazuhiro , Taniguchi Kosuke , Takahashi Ken , Okamoto Aikou , Aoki Hiroaki , Otera‐Takahashi Yuka , Kitagawa Michihiro , Ogata‐Kawata Hiroko , Morita Hideaki , Hata Kenichiro , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeAlthough non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) based on cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma has been prevailing worldwide, low levels of fetal DNA fraction may lead to false‐negative results. Since fetal cells in maternal blood provide a pure source of fetal genomic DNA, we aimed to establish a workflow to isolate and sequence fetal nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) individually as a target for NIPT.MethodsUsing male‐bearing pregnancy cases, we isolated fNRBCs individually from maternal blood by FACS, and obtained their genomic sequence data through PCR screening with a Y‐chromosome marker and whole‐genome amplification (WGA)‐based whole‐genome sequencing.ResultsThe PCR and WGA efficiencies of fNRBC candidates were consistently lower than those of control cells. Sequencing data analyses revealed that although the majority of the fNRBC candidates were confirmed to be of fetal origin, many of the WGA‐based genomic libraries from fNRBCs were considered to have been amplified from a portion of genomic DNA.ConclusionsWe established a workflow to isolate and sequence fNRBCs individually. However, our results demonstrated that, to make cell‐based NIPT targeting fNRBCs feasible, cell isolation procedures need to be further refined such that the nuclei of fNRBCs are kept intact.
The effect of stream shading on the inflow characteristics in a downstream reservoir
Authors: Ishikawa Mayra , Haag Ingo , Krumm Julia , Teltscher Katharina , Lorke Andreas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn thermally stratified reservoirs, inflows form density currents according to the interplay between inflow temperature and reservoir stratification. The temperature of inflowing water is affected by catchment properties, including shading by riparian vegetation. We hypothesize that the degree of shading in the catchment can affect the inflow dynamics in downstream reservoirs by changing inflow temperature and consequently the nature of the density current. We test it for a subtropical drinking water reservoir by combining catchment‐scale hydrological and stream temperature modeling with observations of reservoir stratification. We analyze the formation of density currents, defined as under, inter and overflow, for scenarios with contrasting shading conditions in the catchment. Inflow temperatures were simulated with the distributed water‐balance model LARSIM‐WT, which integrates heat‐balance and water temperature. River temperature measurements and simulations are in good agreement with a RMSE of 0.58°C. In simulations using the present state of shading, underflows are the most frequent flow path, 63% of the annual period. During the remaining time, river intrusion form interflows. In a scenario without stream shading, average inflow temperature increased by 2.2°C. Thus, interflows were the most frequent flow path (51%), followed by underflows (34%) and overflows (15%). With this change, we would expect a degradation of reservoir water quality, as overflows promote longer periods of anoxia and nutrient loads would be delivered to the photic zone, a potential trigger for algae blooms. This study revealed a potentially important, yet unexplored aspect of catchment management for controlling reservoir water quality.
Through the dam into troubled waters: Combined effects of stream fragmentation, habitat deterioration, and poor water quality on lowland stream fish distribution
Authors: van Puijenbroek Peter J.T.M. , Buijse Anthonie D. , Kraak Michiel H.S. , Verdonschot Piet F.M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to distinguish the contribution of stream fragmentation and poor habitat and water quality to the decline in riverine fish species. The species presence was related to the number of barriers between a specific lowland stream section and the main river and to the length of the stream section remaining between two barriers. To investigate the relationship between the absence of fish species and poor ecological water quality, the EQR and stream velocity indices were compared between accessible sites where the fish was either present or absent. 79% of the 1039 km lowland stream length was disconnected from the river Meuse by one or more barriers and 34% by more than 5 barriers, while 28% of all stream sections were shorter than 2.5 km. Only 2% of sites scored a very good water quality, while all study sites were characterized by (very) slow flowing waters (<0.15 m/s). As many fish passages are built to improve connectivity, fish passages do not improve habitat quality. Gudgeon and stone loach were hardly affected by stream fragmentation, and only slightly by too short stream sections. Ide was moderately affected, while the migratory species chub and dace were severely affected by stream fragmentation. Chub and dace were also sensitive to poor habitat and water quality. Distinguishing the effects of stream fragmentation, habitat deterioration, and poor water quality on lowland stream fish distribution increased the understanding of the reasons for the presence and absence of species and may aid effective management and restoration efforts.
The reciprocal Bayesian LASSO
Authors: Mallick Himel , Alhamzawi Rahim , Paul Erina , Svetnik Vladimir 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA reciprocal LASSO (rLASSO) regularization employs a decreasing penalty function as opposed to conventional penalization approaches that use increasing penalties on the coefficients, leading to stronger parsimony and superior model selection relative to traditional shrinkage methods. Here we consider a fully Bayesian formulation of the rLASSO problem, which is based on the observation that the rLASSO estimate for linear regression parameters can be interpreted as a Bayesian posterior mode estimate when the regression parameters are assigned independent inverse Laplace priors. Bayesian inference from this posterior is possible using an expanded hierarchy motivated by a scale mixture of double Pareto or truncated normal distributions. On simulated and real datasets, we show that the Bayesian formulation outperforms its classical cousin in estimation, prediction, and variable selection across a wide range of scenarios while offering the advantage of posterior inference. Finally, we discuss other variants of this new approach and provide a unified framework for variable selection using flexible reciprocal penalties. All methods described in this article are publicly available as an R package at: https://github.com/himelmallick/BayesRecipe.
CLEC3B Identified as a Potential Lung Cancer Biomarker in Serum by Aptamer‐Capture Technology
Authors: Guo Yuanbin , Li Kun , Gao Yue , Zhao Shuhua , Shi Ming , Li Jian , Liu Zhiwei , Wang Zhaoxia , He Lei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLung cancer is the first malignant tumor with morbidity and mortality in the world. To identify a novel lung cancer biomarker facilitating early detection lung cancer, we had obtained a nucleic acid aptamer (Apt‐5) that specifically recognized lung cancer serum. An affinity purification experiment by using magnetic nanoparticles was used to pull down the target proteins, protein CLEC3B was subsequently identified as the target of the aptamer Apt‐5 by MS analysis. The aptamer Apt‐5 displayed high affinity to the CLEC3B protein with a dissociation constant (KD) of 23.9±5.5 nM by SPR. The specificity and selectivity of the CLEC3B protein with the aptamer Apt‐5 were verified by EMSA. It was further confirmed by ELISA experiments that the average concentration of CLEC3B in lung cancer serum was higher than that in healthy human serum (3.272±0.1732 ng/mL vs. 2.104±0.1174 ng/mL, P<0.001.). Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA assay in this study are 90 % and 80 %, respectively. So the protein CLEC3B might serve as a potential lung cancer biomarker for early diagnosis and therapy.
CO2 Electroreduction to Formate at a Partial Current Density up to 590 mA mg−1 via Micrometer‐Scale Lateral Structuring of Bismuth Nanosheets
Authors: Wang Dan , Liu Chuangwei , Zhang Yaning , Wang Yanying , Wang Zhenlin , Ding Ding , Cui Yi , Zhu Xiangmiao , Pan Chengsi , Lou Yang , Li Fengwang , Zhu Yongfa , Zhang Ying 
Published: June 2021

Abstract2D bismuth nanosheets are a promising layered material for formate‐producing via electrocatalytic CO2 conversion. However, the commercial interest of bismuth nanosheets in CO2 electroreduction is still rare due to the undesirable current density for formate at moderate operation potentials (about 200 mA mg−1) and harsh synthesis conditions (high temperature and/or high pressure). This work reports the preparation of Bi nanosheets with a lateral size in micrometer‐scale via electrochemical cathodic exfoliation in aqueous solution at normal pressure and temperature. As‐prepared Bi LNSs (L indicates large lateral size) possess high Faradaic efficiencies over 90% within a broad potential window from −0.44 to −1.10 V versus RHE and a superior partial current density about 590 mA mg−1 for formate in comparison with state‐of‐the‐art results. Structure analysis, electrochemical results, and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the increasing tensile lattice strain observed in Bi LNSs leads to less overlap of d orbitals and a narrower d‐band width, which tuning the intermediate binding energies, and therefore promotes the intrinsic activity.
3D‐Stretched Film Ni3S2 Nanosheet/Macromolecule Anthraquinone Derivative Polymers for Electrocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Chen Yushan , Yu Zebin , Jiang Ronghua , Huang Jun , Hou Yanping , Chen Jianhua , Zhang Yongqing , Zhu Hongxiang , Wang Bing , Wang Mi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor the first time, a new polymer electrode AQS/S is prepared by compositing Ni3S2 nanosheets and macromolecular anthraquinone derivative (AQD) supported on nickel foam with flying colors. The AQS/S exhibits high crystalline structure and abundant S defects. Density of state calculation shows that AQD has stable internal bonding and easy external bonding with metals, conducive to the dispersion of metal reaction sites, ensuring excellent activity and high stability. Under 1.0 m KOH solution, ultralow overpotentials of 62 and 133 mV at 10 mA cm−2 on AQS/S for hydrogen evolution reaction and on activated AQS/S (A‐AQS/S) for oxygen evolution reaction, respectively, are achieved. 100 h chronopotentiometry and the cyclic voltammetry tests show that catalysts have high durability. The AQS/S‖A‐AQS/S two‐electrode system is also found to have good electrocatalytic activity for 1.43 V to get 10 mA cm−2 in overall water splitting, better than the state‐of‐the‐art 20% Pt/C‖RuO2 combination.
Stable and Efficient Blue‐Emitting CsPbBr3 Nanoplatelets with Potassium Bromide Surface Passivation
Authors: Lin Hao , Wei Qi , Ng Kar Wei , Dong Jia‐Yi , Li Jie‐Lei , Liu Wei‐Wei , Yan Shan‐Shan , Chen Shi , Xing Gui‐Chuan , Tang Xiao‐Sheng , Tang Zi‐Kang , Wang Shuang‐Peng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractColloidal all‐inorganic perovskites nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as a promising material for display and lighting due to their excellent optical properties. However, blue emissive NCs usually suffer from low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and poor stability, rendering them the bottleneck for full‐color all‐perovskite optoelectronic applications. Herein, a facile approach is reported to enhance the emission efficiency and stability of blue emissive perovskite nano‐structures via surface passivation with potassium bromide. By adding potassium oleate and excess PbBr2 to the perovskite precursor solutions, potassium bromide‐passivated (KBr‐passivated) blue‐emitting (≈450 nm) CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets (NPLs) is successfully synthesized with a respectably high PLQY of 87%. In sharp contrast to most reported perovskite NPLs, no shifting in emission wavelength is observed in these passivated NPLs even after prolonged exposures to intense irradiations and elevated temperature, clearly revealing their excellent photo‐ and thermal‐stabilities. The enhancements are attributed to the formation of K‐Br bonding on the surface which suppresses ion migration and formation of Br‐vacancies, thus improving both the PL emission and stability of CsPbBr3 NPLs. Furthermore, all‐perovskite white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) are successfully constructed, suggesting that the proposed KBr‐passivated strategy can promote the development of the perovskite family for a wider range of optoelectronic applications.
Work readiness attributes: Comparative views of clinical supervisors and final year sonography students
Authors: Kinnane Paula , Kennedy Narelle , Quinton Ann 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionGraduate sonographers possess the necessary knowledge and practical skills for employment, but personal characteristics and behavioural skills can also affect employability prospects. There is a lack of research regarding important characteristic traits of graduate sonographers. This research aims to determine what personal, interpersonal, and professional attributes clinical supervisors think are important and compare these answers to final year student sonographers.MethodsAn online questionnaire was designed and provided to clinical supervisors and final year sonography students from a single institution. Their anonymous responses were recorded, analysed, and compared.ResultsReponses were obtained from 65 clinical supervisors and 39 final year students. There was a statistically significant difference in 10 of the 18 attributes, and these mainly trended from the personal characteristics and organisational acumen categories. Student results rated ‘works as a team’, ‘technical knowledge’, and ‘communication with a range of people’ to be of the highest importance whilst clinical supervisors felt ‘communication with a range of people’, ‘seeks support’, ‘technical knowledge’, and ‘clinical reasoning’ were vital for new graduates. Both groups agreed ‘communication with a range of people’ and ‘seeks support’ were important skills.ConclusionThis research demonstrates both supervisors' and graduates' views of necessary work‐related traits for new sonography graduates. Overall, both groups had similar views regarding social intelligence and work competence attributes but diverged when it came to personal and organisational acumen categories. Education could be incorporated into the sonography student curriculum to ensure future students are aware of characteristics that might enhance their job prospects and career performance.
European guideline on indications, performance and clinical impact of 13C‐breath tests in adult and pediatric patients: An EAGEN, ESNM, and ESPGHAN consensus, supported by EPC
Authors: Keller Jutta , Hammer Heinz F. , Afolabi Paul R. , Benninga Marc , Borrelli Osvaldo , Dominguez‐Munoz Enrique , Dumitrascu Dan , Goetze Oliver , Haas Stephan L. , Hauser Bruno , Pohl Daniel , Salvatore Silvia , Sonyi Marc , Thapar Nikhil , Verbeke Kristin , Fox Mark R. ,   European 13C‐breath test group
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroduction13C‐breath tests are valuable, noninvasive diagnostic tests that can be widely applied for the assessment of gastroenterological symptoms and diseases. Currently, the potential of these tests is compromised by a lack of standardization regarding performance and interpretation among expert centers.MethodsThis consensus‐based clinical practice guideline defines the clinical indications, performance, and interpretation of 13C‐breath tests in adult and pediatric patients. A balance between scientific evidence and clinical experience was achieved by a Delphi consensus that involved 43 experts from 18 European countries. Consensus on individual statements and recommendations was established if ≥ 80% of reviewers agreed and <10% disagreed.ResultsThe guideline gives an overview over general methodology of 13C‐breath testing and provides recommendations for the use of 13C‐breath tests to diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection, measure gastric emptying time, and monitor pancreatic exocrine and liver function in adult and pediatric patients. Other potential applications of 13C‐breath testing are summarized briefly. The recommendations specifically detail when and how individual 13C‐breath tests should be performed including examples for well‐established test protocols, patient preparation, and reporting of test results.ConclusionThis clinical practice guideline should improve pan‐European harmonization of diagnostic approaches to symptoms and disorders, which are very common in specialist and primary care gastroenterology practice, both in adult and pediatric patients. In addition, this guideline identifies areas of future clinical research involving the use of 13C‐breath tests.
Low torcular Herophili position and large brainstem–tentorium angle in fetuses with open spinal dysraphism at 11–13 weeks' gestation
Authors: Volpe P. , De Robertis R. , Fanelli T. , Boito S. , Volpe G. , Votino C. , Persico N. , Chaoui R. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate whether in fetuses with open spina bifida (OSB) the tentorium can be seen to be displaced downwards and vertically oriented by the time of the 11–13‐week scan and whether this is reflected in an alteration of the brainstem–tentorium (BST) angle.MethodsThe study population was recruited between 2015 and 2020 from three fetal medicine referral centers and comprised a control group and a study group of pregnancies with OSB. The control group was recruited prospectively and included singleton pregnancies with a normal sonographic examination after first‐trimester combined screening for chromosomal abnormalities and normal outcome. The study group was selected retrospectively and included all cases with OSB between 2015 and 2020. All cases underwent detailed ultrasound assessment at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation. The position of the torcular Herophili (TH) was identified in the midsagittal view of the fetal brain with the use of color Doppler and was considered as a proxy for the insertion of the tentorium on the fetal skull. The BST angle was calculated in the same view and was compared between the two groups.ResultsSixty normal fetuses were included in the control group and 22 fetuses with OSB in the study group. In both groups, the BST angle was found to be independent of gestational age or crown–rump length (P = 0.8815, R2 = 0.0003861 in the controls, and P = 0.2665, R2 = 0.00978 in the OSB group). The mean BST angle was 48.7 ± 7.8° in controls and 88.1 ± 1.18°, i.e. close to 90°, in fetuses with OSB. Comparison of BST‐angle measurements between the control group and cases with OSB showed a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0153). In all fetuses with OSB, the downward displacement of the TH and tentorium was clearly visible at the 11–13‐week scan.ConclusionsIn fetuses with OSB, the BST angle is significantly larger than in normal controls, with the tentorium being almost perpendicular to the brainstem. This sign confirms the inferior displacement of the tentorium cerebelli with respect to its normal insertion on the occipital clivus as early as the first trimester of pregnancy and is useful in the diagnosis of Chiari‐II malformation at this early stage. In fetuses with OSB, the low position of the tentorium and TH is clearly visible, even subjectively, at the 11–13‐week scan. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Structure and concept of ICU rounds: the VIS-ITS survey
Authors: Hillmann Bastian , Schwarzkopf Daniel , Manser Tanja , Waydhas Christian , Riessen Reimer 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
To gather data about structural and procedural characteristics of patient rounds in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting.

Design
A structured online survey was offered to members of two German intensive care medicine societies.

Measurements and main results
Intensivists representing 390 German ICUs participated in this study (university hospitals 25%, tertiary hospitals 23%, secondary hospitals 36%, primary hospitals 16%). In 90% of participating ICUs, rounds were reported to take place in the morning and cover an average of 12 intensive care beds and 6 intermediate care beds within 60 min. With an estimated bed occupancy of 80%, this averaged to 4.3 min spent per patient during rounds. In 96% of ICUs, rounds were stated to include a bedside visit. On weekdays, 86% of the respondents reported holding a second ICU round with the attendance of a qualified decision-maker (e.g. board-certified intensivist). On weekends, 79% of the ICUs performed at least one round with a decision-maker per day. In 18%, only one ICU round per weekend was reported, mostly on Sundays. The highest-qualified decision-maker present during rounds on most ICUs was an ICU attending (57%). Residents (96%) and intensive care nurses (87%) were stated to be always or usually present during rounds. In contrast, physiotherapists, respiratory therapists or medical specialists such as pharmacists or microbiologist were not regular members of the rounding team on most ICUs. In the majority of cases, the participants reported examining the medical chart directly before or during the bedside visit (84%). An electronic patient data management system (PDMS) was available on 31% of ICUs. Daily goals were always (55%) or usually (39%) set during rounds.

Conclusion
This survey gives a broad overview of the structure and processes of ICU rounds in different sized hospitals in Germany. Compared to other mostly Anglo-American studies, German ICU rounds appear to be shorter and less interdisciplinary.
Vergleich der Anwendung verschiedener extraglottischer Atemwegshilfen durch Laien am Phantom
Authors: Jänig Christoph , Balogh Oliver , Krappitz Stephanie , Willms Arnulf , Schmidbauer Willi , Piepho Tim 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Supraglottische Atemwege (SGA) sind eine etablierte Methode der Atemwegssicherung sowohl in der prähospitalen Medizin als auch im klinischen Umfeld. Die endotracheale Intubation ist der Goldstandard, jedoch bieten SGA Vorteile in Bezug auf die schnellere Erlernbarkeit der Anwendung.

Ziele
In der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, ob sich die Zeit bis zur ersten suffizienten Beatmung bei 3 untersuchten supraglottischen Atemwegen, angewendet durch medizinische Laien an einem Phantom, signifikant unterscheidet.

Material und Methoden
Besucher eines Einkaufszentrums (n = 160) wurden nach permutierender Blockrandomisierung einer der 3 SGA zugeordnet. Primärer Endpunkt der vorliegenden Studie war die benötigte Platzierungszeit bis zur ersten suffizienten Beatmung.

Ergebnisse
Die Platzierung der i‑gel-Larynxmaske (Intersurgical Beatmungsprodukte GmbH, Sankt Augustin, Deutschland) gelang den Teilnehmern im Median nach 11 s, wohingegen die Zeitspanne bis zur ersten suffizienten Beatmung mittels klassischer Larynxmaske (LMA; 26 s), respektive Larynxtubus (LT; 28 s) im Median deutlich länger war. Damit war die Zeitersparnis bei der Anwendung der i‑gel im Vergleich zu LT und LMA jeweils signifikant größer (p < 0,001), wohingegen sich die Zeiten zwischen LT und LMA nicht signifikant unterschieden (p 0,65).

Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Laien in der Lage sind, verschiedene supraglottische Atemwege nach einer kurzen Lernphase erfolgreich am Phantom anzuwenden. Die i‑gel-Larynxmaske konnte in unserem Setting mit der höchsten Erfolgsrate und höchsten Geschwindigkeit platziert werden.