bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physician variation in the de‐adoption of ineffective statin and fibrate therapy
Authors: Everhart Alexander , Desai Nihar R. , Dowd Bryan , Herrin Jeph , Higuera Lucas , Jeffery Molly Moore , Jena Anupam B. , Ross Joseph S. , Shah Nilay D. , Smith Laura Barrie , Karaca‐Mandic Pinar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe physicians’ variation in de‐adopting concurrent statin and fibrate therapy for type 2 diabetic patients following a reversal in clinical evidence.Data SourcesWe analyzed 2007‐2015 claims data from OptumLabs® Data Warehouse, a longitudinal, real‐world data asset with de‐identified administrative claims and electronic health record data.Study DesignWe modeled fibrate use among Medicare Advantage and commercially insured type 2 diabetic statin users before and after the publication of the ACCORD lipid trial, which found statins and fibrates were no more effective than statins alone in reducing cardiovascular events among type 2 diabetic patients. We modeled fibrate use trends with physician random effects and physician characteristics such as age and specialty.Data ExtractionWe identified patient‐year‐quarters with one year of continuous insurance enrollment, type 2 diabetes diagnoses, and fibrate use. We designated the physician most responsible for patients’ diabetes care based on evaluation and management visits and prescriptions of glucose‐lowering drugs.Principal FindingsFibrate use increased by 0.12 percentage points per quarter among commercial patients (95% CI, 0.10 to 0.14) and 0.17 percentage points per quarter among Medicare Advantage patients (95% CI, 0.13 to 0.20) before the trial and then decreased by 0.16 percentage points per quarter among commercial patients (95% CI, −0.18 to −0.15) and 0.05 percentage points per quarter among Medicare Advantage patients (95% CI, −0.06 to −0.03) after the trial. However, 45% of physicians treating commercial patients and 48% of physicians treating Medicare Advantage patients had positive trends in prescribing following the trial. Physicians’ characteristics did not explain their variation (pseudo R2 = 0.000).ConclusionOn average, physicians decreased fibrate prescribing following the ACCORD lipid trial. However, many physicians increased prescribing following the trial. Observable physician characteristics did not explain variations in prescribing. Future research should examine whether physicians vary similarly in other de‐adoption settings.
Starch digestibility and β‐carotene bioaccessibility in the orange‐ fleshed sweet potato puree‐wheat bread
Authors: Mbogo Daniel , Muzhingi Tawanda , Janaswamy Srinivas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVitamin A is essential for vision, human health, growth, immune function, and reproduction. Its deficiency leads to anemia, xerophthalmia, and growth reduction in children. Foods enriched with naturally occurring carotenes have the potential, in this regard, and orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) stands out tall as it is rich in β‐carotene (βC), a provitamin A carotenoid. In view of developing OFSP‐based functional foods to address the vitamin A deficiency (VAD) issues, herein, OFSP puree‐wheat composite breads have been prepared at 10% to 50% OFSP puree concentrations and bioaccessibility of βC has been estimated. The total βC is found to be 4.3, 9.2, 16.5, 23.3, and 33.6 µg/g in 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% OFSP bread, respectively. The corresponding calculated retinol activity equivalents (RAE) are 30.9, 66.4, 119.5, 170.4, and 246.2 RAE/100 g. The efficiency of micellarization of all‐trans‐βC, 13‐cis βC, and 9‐cis βC after simulated oral, gastric, and small intestinal digestion are 1.4% to 6.4%, 1.4% to 7.2%, and 1.1% to 6.9%, respectively. The amount of micellarized βC correlates linearly with the OFSP concentration in the bread. Furthermore, in vitro starch digestion decreases with significant reduction in the Rapidly Digestible Starch (RDS) amount coupled with increase in the Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS) and Resistant Starch (RS) fractions. Overall, OFSP‐wheat composite bread holds adequate amount of provitamin A carotenoids. The amount of bioaccessible βC coupled with altered starch digestion of the OFSP wheat breads highlight their usefulness as novel functional foods that could address the VAD as well as glycemic issues toward improving human health.
Whole seed lentil flours from different varieties (Brewer, Crimson, and Richlea) demonstrated significant variations in their expansion characteristics during extrusion
Authors: Ek Pichmony , Gu Bon‐Jae , Ganjyal Girish M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe properties of flours and extrusion characteristics, of three lentil varieties (Brewer, Crimson, and Richlea) were studied. The effects of barrel temperature (110, 125, and 140 °C) and screw speed (150, 200, and 250 rpm) on process responses and extrudate characteristics were evaluated using a corotating twin‐screw extruder. The three varieties of lentils had significant differences (p < 0.05) in their starch (48.7% to 50.9%), protein (20.4% to 22.7%), and fat content (1.3% to 1.9%), gelatinization temperature (71.7 to 74.6 °C), peak viscosity (123.3 to 179.7 mPa.s), and melting temperature (113.6 to 119.7 °C). The lentil variety, barrel temperature, and screw speed significantly impacted the process responses and extrudate properties. Whole lentil flours exhibited the highest expansion ratio (3.0 to 3.6) at the lowest temperature (110 °C) and the highest screw speed (250 rpm). Richlea variety had the highest expansion ratio (3.6) and the highest water solubility index (45.4%) as it had the highest starch content and peak viscosity, and the lowest protein content and melting temperature. Meanwhile, Brewer variety exhibited the lowest expansion ratio (1.9 to 3.0) compared to Richlea (2.5 to 3.6) and Crimson (2.4 to 3.0) in most of the extrusion conditions studied. Richlea variety was the most suitable for making direct‐expanded extrudates among the varieties studied. The significant differences in the properties of flours from the three varieties of lentils resulted in significant impacts on the properties of their extrudates. Therefore, determining the properties of flours of different varieties is useful to select the appropriate varieties for extrusion processing.Practical ApplicationThe information from this study is useful for the food industry to select the appropriate lentil varieties and processing conditions for the development of direct‐expanded products. The data prove the importance of understanding the chemical composition, pasting, and thermal properties to select the appropriate varieties for extrusion processing.
ALK‐rearranged squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Meng Qiyi , Dong Yujie , Tao Hong , Shi Liang , Tong Li , Tang Junfang , Zhang Shucai , Liu Zhe 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundALK rearrangement is a very rare subset of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and one of the clinical features in patients is lack of data. Here, we report eight patients diagnosed with SCC of the lung harboring ALK rearrangement.MethodsWe collected primary NSCLC samples at the Beijing Chest Hospital between January 2012 and December 2018 for Ventana (D5F3) immunohistochemical detection. Among the 148 patients was diagnosed ALK‐rearranged non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), only eight cases was SCC. We collected patients information from electronic patent records (EPRs).ResultsThe eight cases of SCC were diagnosed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Two were given crizotinib as second‐line therapy. One patient had stable disease (SD) and progression‐free survival (PFS) of six months. The other patient had progressive disease (PD) but PFS was only one month. The side effects were tolerable. This report identified 31 cases of ALK rearrangement in SCC patients from a literature search (including the eight patients in this study). These fusion genes are often seen in a younger age group (mean age: 55.6 years) and non‐smokers (18/31, 58.1%). A total of 20 cases received an ALK inhibitor as first‐ or second‐line treatment which included 11 with a partial response (PR), four with SD, and five with PD. The DCR and ORR was 75.0% (15/20) and 55.0% (11/20), respectively. The median duration time of therapy was 6.4 ± 4.4 months.ConclusionsPatients with ALK‐rearranged SCC obtained clinical benefit from ALK‐inhibitor therapy, especially those who were non‐smokers and whose tumors had been identified by IHC+/FISH+.
Lipolymph node presenting as a pulmonary nodule: A case report
Authors: Huang Yan , Huang Kaili , Fan Mingyu , Jiang Lili , Zhu Daxing , Zhou Qinghua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA 53‐year‐old man was admitted to our hospital with a history of a right lung nodule which had gradually increased in size. Wedge resection of the right middle lobe using video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) was performed and revealed a yellowish, soft, well circumscribed nodule. Histological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of an uncommon lipolymph node. The patient recovered well from surgery, and there has been no recurrence in the lung for over one‐year of follow‐up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a lipolymph node in the lung.
Responses of native egg parasitoids to the invasive seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis
Authors: Lesieur Vincent , Farinha Ana O. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis, a native insect of North America, was accidentally introduced in Europe in the late 1990s. Since then, it has spread rapidly. Biological control could provide an efficient management option but natural enemies of the pest have been poorly examined in Europe.
In this study, we exposed sentinel egg masses and collected naturally laid egg masses in southern France in 2016 and 2017, to identify the egg parasitoids of L. occidentalis and investigate their potentials.
Three egg parasitoids were detected: Anastatus bifasciatus, Ooencyrtus pityocampae and Ooencyrtus telenomicida. The overall parasitism was low compared to that observed in the native range with 6.4% of all eggs being parasitized, while 17.1% of egg masses carried at least one parasitized egg. The total number of parasitized egg masses was similar between parasitoid species, but the mean number of parasitized eggs per egg mass was highest for A. bifasciatus (5.57 vs. 1.25 for Ooencyrtus spp.).
Sentinel egg masses underestimated the parasitism compared to natural egg masses (respectively, 1.42% and 7.71%).
Our results suggested that the three generalist parasitoids detected can respond in a Leptoglossus egg density‐dependent manner, but this requires further investigations.
Validation of the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, 6‐item version, in a multiethnic population of Chilean older adults
Authors: Rodríguez‐Blázquez Carmen , Ayala‐García Alba , Forjaz Maria João , Gallardo‐Peralta Lorena P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the psychometric properties of the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, 6‐item version (DJGLS‐6), in a multiethnic sample of older Chilean adults.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was designed using a sample of 800 older people, and 71% were self‐declared indigenous. Data quality and acceptability, internal consistency, and construct and structural validity of DJGLS‐6 were analysed. The scale was also analysed according to the Rasch model.ResultsThe DJGLS‐6 scored higher for the non‐indigenous group than for Aymara and Mapuche (P < .001). KR‐20 coefficients (internal consistency) for emotional loneliness subscale reached 0.44 for Aymara and Mapuche and 0.62 for non‐indigenous, and from 0.73 (non‐indigenous) to 0.86 (Aymara) for social loneliness subscale. The confirmatory factor analysis identified one dimension. None of the two subscales fit the Rasch model.ConclusionThe results indicate that DJGLS‐6 is a reliable and adequate scale for non‐indigenous Chilean older people. However, it should be culturally adapted to indigenous ethnic minorities.
Contextualizing the biological relevance of standardized high‐resolution respirometry to assess mitochondrial function in permeabilized human skeletal muscle
Authors: Jacobs Robert A. , Lundby Carsten 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThis study sought to provide a statistically robust reference for measures of mitochondrial function from standardized high‐resolution respirometry with permeabilized human skeletal muscle (ex vivo), compare analogous values obtained via indirect calorimetry, arterial‐venous O2 differences and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (in vivo) and attempt to resolve differences across complementary methodologies as necessary.MethodsData derived from 831 study participants across research published throughout March 2009 to November 2019 were amassed to examine the biological relevance of ex vivo assessments under standard conditions, ie physiological temperatures of 37°C and respiratory chamber oxygen concentrations of ~250 to 500 μmol/L.ResultsStandard ex vivo‐derived measures are lower (Z ≥ 3.01, P ≤ .0258) en masse than corresponding in vivo‐derived values. Correcting respiratory values to account for mitochondrial temperatures 10°C higher than skeletal muscle temperatures at maximal exercise (~50°C): (i) transforms data to resemble (Z ≤ 0.8, P > .9999) analogous yet context‐specific in vivo measures, eg data collected during maximal 1‐leg knee extension exercise; and (ii) supports the position that maximal skeletal muscle respiratory rates exceed (Z ≥ 13.2, P < .0001) those achieved during maximal whole‐body exercise, e.g. maximal cycling efforts.ConclusionThis study outlines and demonstrates necessary considerations when actualizing the biological relevance of human skeletal muscle respiratory control, metabolic flexibility and bioenergetics from standard ex vivo‐derived assessments using permeabilized human muscle. These findings detail how cross‐procedural comparisons of human skeletal muscle mitochondrial function may be collectively scrutinized in their relationship to human health and lifespan.
Child protection assessment: The point of view of service users in an Italian study
Authors: Corradini Francesca , Panciroli Chiara 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the Child Protection context, assessment is a very delicate phase that often indelibly marks the whole process of helping. In the Italian context, it is very important to deepen this topic: first because it is rarely studied and second because parental skills assessment is carried out by social workers almost exclusively after a request of the Local Authority. This qualitative research aimed to investigate the experiences and the feelings of 16 people assessed about parental skills; furthermore, the study aimed to focus on the quality of their relationship with social workers. The findings have largely confirmed the evidence of international literature: most of the respondents described a difficult path, characterized by strict procedures, poor listening and lack of participation. Some interviewees even think that professionals act to promote private interests, including economic ones. Parents' reflections revealed also positive experiences; respondents underlined the value of a participatory approach, characterized by transparency, constant dialogue and partnership among service users and professionals involved.
Widespread anorectal lymphovascular networks and tissue drainage: analyses from submucosal India ink injection and indocyanine green fluorescence imaging
Authors: Sato Kentaro , Shimoda Hiroshi , Miura Takuya , Sakamoto Yoshiyuki , Morohashi Hajime , Watanabe Seiji , Narita Hirokazu , Mitsuhashi Yuto , Umemura Kotaro , Hakamada Kenichi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimAbdominoperineal resection is associated with poor prognosis in patients with advanced lower rectal cancer. This study aimed to analyse the functional lymphovascular network and tissue drainage in the anorectal region.MethodsIn this descriptive study, we performed microanatomical evaluations and intra‐operative imaging analysis in a cadaver and patients with rectal cancer. Specimens with India ink injection were collected from a cadaver and from six patients who underwent abdominoperineal resection. Intra‐operative indocyanine green fluorescence imaging was performed on four patients who underwent surgery for lower rectal cancer. India ink was injected into the submucosa at the dentate line of specimens. Tissue sections were examined by immunohistochemistry for D2‐40 and CD31. Intra‐operative indocyanine green was injected into the submucosa at the dentate line. Lymph flow was traced using a near‐infrared camera system.ResultsFascia branching from the rectal longitudinal muscle layer extended to the posterior hiatal ligament and lateral endopelvic fascia connective tissue lamina on the surface of the levator ani muscle. The fascia contained veins labelled with ink in their lumina and initial lymphatics. Intra‐operative indocyanine green fluorescence imaging revealed extensive lymph flow from the muscle layer of the anal canal to the hiatal ligament and endopelvic fascia along the longitudinal muscle layer fibres.ConclusionsThe anorectal region contained widespread venous and lymphatic networks in proportion to its specific connective tissue framework around the longitudinal‐muscle‐layer‐extending muscle bundles, which provides extensive networks for tissue fluid and cells.
Can normalized carcinoembryonic antigen following neoadjuvant chemoradiation predict tumour recurrence after curative resection for locally advanced rectal cancer?
Authors: Hong Youngki , Ghuman Amandeep , Poh Keat Seong , Krizzuk Dimitri , Nagarajan Arun , Amarnath Sudha , Nogueras Juan J. , Wexner Steven D. , DaSilva Giovanna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this work was to evaluate whether normalized carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) following neoadjuvant chemoradiation predicts the prognosis following curative resection in locally advanced rectal cancer.MethodPatients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation and curative resection for locally advanced rectal cancer between 2010 and 2015 were divided into three groups: Group A (n = 119, normal‐to‐normal): normal CEA before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation; Group B (n = 37, high‐to‐normal): elevated CEA before and normal CEA after neoadjuvant chemoradiation; Group C (n = 36, high‐to‐high): elevated CEA before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Overall and disease‐free survival were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified potential predictors for recurrence.ResultsOne hundred and ninety two patients [median age 59 years (range 31–87), 65.1% male] were identified: 54.7% had low rectal cancer: 12.5% were clinical stage T4 and 70.3% were clinically node positive; 21.9% achieved complete pathological response; 24.5% had abdominoperineal resection (APR); and 70.3% underwent adjuvant chemotherapy following curative resection. Significantly more patients in Group C underwent APR (p = 0.0209), had advanced pathological T stage (P = 0.0065) and a higher prevalence of perineural invasion (p = 0.0042). Overall and disease‐free survival were significantly higher for Group A than for Group C [hazard ratio (HR) = 4.32, 95% CI = 1.66–11.21, p = 0.0026 and HR=2.68, 95% CI = 1.33–5.40, p = 0.0057, respectively]. No significant difference was noted between Groups A and B for overall (p = 0.0591) or disease‐free (p = 0.2834) survival. Another risk factor associated with recurrence and death was clinical T4 stage; nodal positivity was a risk factor only for recurrence.ConclusionElevated CEA after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and clinical stage T4 disease were unfavourable predictors for overall and disease‐free survival. Normalized CEA during neoadjuvant chemoradiation may serve as a prognosticator, although pretreatment CEA may significantly affect survival.
A generalized decision support framework for large‐scale project portfolio decisions
Authors: Sampath Siddhartha , Gel Esma S. , Kempf Karl G. , Fowler John W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProject portfolio selection (PPS) is a complex problem faced by major companies whenever there are multiple funding opportunities with insufficient budget to fund them all. In this paper, we present our work on a PPS decision support tool that has become a fundamental part of the project portfolio decision process at Intel Corporation across its largest product and market divisions. The paper builds on a previous publication that outlines the decision support tool's bicriteria optimization model by providing a solution procedure that is capable of solving real‐life PPS problems within time frames acceptable to decision makers, as well as providing further details on the data collection and the decision‐making process. We also report on various analysis and visualization tools that have been built to allow decision makers to interact with promising solutions provided by the decision support tool. One of the contributions of the paper is to present a typology of the important dependencies between projects that needs to be considered, and provide details on how they are incorporated in the decision support tool's optimization engine. We discuss important implementation details on the decision‐making process and the agents involved, and conclude by describing real‐life experiences on how the framework can enable intuitive decision‐making when choosing portfolios that best satisfy the organization's business goals.
Pluripotent stem cells for the study of early human embryology
Authors: Semi Katsunori , Takashima Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractForty years have passed since the first pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), were established. Since then, several PSCs have been reported, including human ESCs in 1998, mouse epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) in 2007, induced PSCs (iPSCs) in 2006 and 2007, and naïve human PSCs in 2014. Naïve PSCs are thought to correspond to pre‐implantation epiblast cells, whereas conventional (or primed) human PSCs correspond to post‐implantation epiblast cells. Thus, naïve and primed PSCs are classified by their developmental stages and have stage‐specific characteristics, despite sharing the common feature of pluripotency. In this review, we discuss the current status of PSCs and their use to model human peri‐implantation development.
Creatine kinase and bleeding in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Ndrepepa Gjin , Holdenrieder Stefan , Cassese Salvatore , Kastrati Adnan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe association between elevated creatine kinase (CK) and bleeding in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains incompletely investigated. We undertook this study to assess whether there is an association between elevated CK activity and the risk for bleeding in contemporary patients with ACS.Materials and MethodsThis post hoc analysis of a randomized trial included 3368 patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. CK was measured serially in all patients until hospital discharge. The main outcome was 30‐day incidence of major bleeding (type 3 to 5 bleeding according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria).ResultsPatients were categorized in groups according to the peak CK tertiles: 1st tertile (CK ≤259 U/L; n = 1127 patients), 2nd tertile (CK ≥260 to 990 U/L; n = 1119 patients), and 3rd tertile (CK ≥ 991 U/L; n = 1122 patients). Peak CK activity was higher in patients with bleeding than those without bleeding (771 [316‐1845] U/L vs. 496 [190‐1357] U/L; P <.001). Bleeding occurred in 26 patients (2.3%) with peak CK within 1st tertile, 39 patients (3.5%) with peak CK within 2nd tertile, and 54 patients (4.8%) with peak CK within 3rd tertile (univariable hazard ratio [HR]=1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08 to 1.81, P =.012, per tertile increment in CK values). After adjustment, peak CK activity remained significantly associated with the 30‐day bleeding (HR = 1.67 [1.16‐2.41]; P =.006 per unit increment in logarithmic CK values). The C statistic of the multivariable model with CK activity was 0.807 [0.770‐0.842].ConclusionsIn patients with ACS, peak CK activity was independently associated with increased 30‐day incidence of bleeding.