bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional microscopy and image fusion reconstruction analysis of the thyroid gland during morphogenesis
Authors: Zhang Rui‐jia , Yang Liu , Sun Feng , Fang Ya , Ye Xiao‐ping , Song Huai‐dong , Dong Mei 
Published: March 2021

Thyroid dysgenesis (TD) is a major cause of primary congenital hypothyroidism; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this process is unclear. Current knowledge regarding the morphogenesis of the thyroid gland and vascular anomalies affecting thyroid development is limited. To monitor the early stages of thyroid gland development, we generated double transgenic zebrafish embryos Tg(tg:mCherry/flk1:EGFP). We described the volume of the thyroid from 2 days postfertilization (dpf) to 5 dpf using 3D reconstruction images. We treated zebrafish embryos with the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) inhibitor PD166866 to better understand the impact of vascular defects on thyroid development and the effects of drug administration at specific time periods on different stages of thyroid development. The 3D reconstruction data revealed that the thyroid glands underwent significant transformation at critical time points. PD166866 treatment from 48 to 72 hours postfertilization (hpf) and from 72 to 96 hpf did not cause obvious reductions in thyroid volume but did result in observable abnormalities in thyroid morphology. The treatment also affected thyroid volume from 36 to 48 hpf, thus indicating that there are time‐point‐specific effects of drug administration during thyroid development. Three‐dimensional image reconstruction provides a comprehensive picture of thyroid anatomy and can be used to complement anatomical fluorescence information. The effects of an FGF pathway inhibitor on thyroid development were determined to be time‐point‐dependent.
Applicability of displacement ventilation and impinging jet ventilation system to heating operation
Authors: Yamasawa Haruna , Kobayashi Tomohiro , Yamanaka Toshio , Choi Narae , Cehlin Mathias , Ameen Arman 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study aims to acquire an understanding of the fundamental feature of IJV and DV under heating operation. Full‐scale experiments were conducted under these two different systems and supply air conditions along with temperature distribution and ventilation effectiveness. A wall surface of the test room was cooled as a heating load, and heating elements simulating occupants were located as internal heat load and contaminant emission source. Three cases of supply temperature were tested and the flow rate was also varied correspondingly. The position of the supply terminal was also changed to see its effect on heating performance, that is, mounted on the interior/exterior wall. For DV, the temperature/contaminant distribution differed significantly depending on the supply conditions, while that of IJV remained almost the same as a perfect mixing condition. Generally, IJV can achieve better temperature distribution compared to DV; however, the ventilation effectiveness of DV was superior to that of IJV with large supply flow rate. The correlation between the Archimedes number based on supply conditions and indices expressing local temperature and ventilation effectiveness is obtained. For IJV, the position of the terminal was found to have a larger impact on air distribution than the supply flow rate, while the opposite feature was obtained for DV.
Polymer Chemistry for Haptics, Soft Robotics, and Human–Machine Interfaces
Authors: Schara Steven , Blau Rachel , Church Derek C. , Pokorski Jonathan K. , Lipomi Darren J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProgress in the field of soft devices—that is, the types of haptic, robotic, and human‐machine interfaces (HRHMIs) in which elastomers play a key role—has its basis in the science of polymeric materials and chemical synthesis. However, in examining the literature, it is found that most developments have been enabled by off‐the‐shelf materials used either alone or as components of physical blends and composites. A greater awareness of the methods of synthetic chemistry will accelerate the capabilities of HRHMIs. Conversely, an awareness of the applications sought by engineers working in this area may spark the development of new molecular designs and synthetic methodologies by chemists. Several applications of active, stimuli‐responsive polymers, which have demonstrated or shown potential use in HRHMIs are highlighted. These materials share the fact that they are products of state‐of‐the‐art synthetic techniques. The progress report is thus organized by the chemistry by which the materials are synthesized, including controlled radical polymerization, metal‐mediated cross‐coupling polymerization, ring‐opening polymerization, various strategies for crosslinking, and hybrid approaches. These methods can afford polymers with multiple properties (i.e., conductivity, stimuli‐responsiveness, self‐healing, and degradable abilities, biocompatibility, adhesiveness, and mechanical robustness) that are of great interest to scientists and engineers concerned with soft devices for human interaction.
Shape‐Memory Balloon Structures by Pneumatic Multi‐material 4D Printing
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Kuang Xiao , Weng Shayuan , Yue Liang , Roach Devin J. , Fang Daining , Qi Hang Jerry 
Published: March 2021

Abstract4D printing is an attractive approach for manufacturing structures that can adopt new shapes or functionalities after printing. However, 4D printing methods and materials that can be used to achieve structures with complex shapes and excellent mechanical properties simultaneously are still lacking. Here, a novel 4D printing is developed where multi‐material digital light process 3D printing of shape memory polymers (SMPs) fabricates a structure that is later transformed into a complex 3D shape with robust mechanical properties by pneumatic manipulation. In this method, the shape change is controlled by the spatial distributions of SMPs, which is designed by finite element analysis. Experimental investigations are carried out to print various structured balloons with predefined intricate shapes, including a structure in dog‐like shape and a surface with the human face contour. These structures are also endowed with robust mechanical stiffness and lightweight features, which allow this new 4D printing approach for potential applications in biomedical devices, reconfigurable structures, and metamaterials.
Deterministic Modification of CVD Grown Monolayer MoS2 with Optical Pulses
Authors: Turunen Mikko T. , Hulkko Eero , Mentel Kamila K. , Bai Xueyin , Akkanen Suvi‐Tuuli , Amini Mohammad , Li Shisheng , Lipsanen Harri , Pettersson Mika , Sun Zhipei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenide monolayers have demonstrated a number of exquisite optical and electrical properties. Here, the authors report the optical modification of topographical and optical properties of monolayer MoS2 with femtosecond pulses under an inert atmosphere. A formation of three‐dimensional structures on monolayer MoS2 with tunable height up to ≈20 nm is demonstrated. In contrast to unmodified monolayer MoS2, these optically modified structures show significantly different optical properties, such as lower photoluminescence intensity and longer fluorescence lifetime. The results suggest a novel way to modify transition metal dichalcogenide materials for mechanic, electronic and photonic applications.
Triple Stiffness: A Bioinspired Strategy to Combine Load‐Bearing, Durability, and Impact‐Resistance
Authors: Khaheshi Ali , Gorb Stanislav , Rajabi Hamed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStructures with variable stiffness have received increasing attention in the fields of robotics, aerospace, structural, and biomedical engineering. This is because they not only adapt to applied loads, but can also combine mutually exclusive properties. Here inspired by insect wings, the concept of “triple stiffness” is introduced and applied to engineering systems that exhibit three distinct deformability regimes. By implementing “flexible joints,” “mechanical stoppers,” and “buckling zones,” structures are engineered to be not only load‐bearing and durable, but also impact‐resistant. To practice the performance of the design concept in real‐life applications, the developed structures are integrated into 3D printed airplane wing models that withstood collisions without failure. The concept developed here opens new avenues for the development of structural elements that are load‐bearing, durable, and impact‐resistant at the same time.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Practical Separation of Cyclic and Linear Polymers
Authors: Sawayama Taku , Wang Yubo , Watanabe Tomohisa , Takayanagi Masayoshi , Yamamoto Takuya , Hosono Nobuhiko , Uemura Takashi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purification step in the manufacturing of cyclic polymers is difficult as complete fractionation to eliminate linear impurities requires considerable effort. Here, we report a new polymer separation methodology that uses metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) to discriminate between linear and cyclic polyethylene glycols (PEGs) via selective polymer insertion into the MOF nanopores. Preparation of a MOF‐packed column allowed analytical and preparative chromatographic separation of these topologically distinct pairs. In addition, gram‐scale PEGs with only cyclic structures were successfully obtained from a crude reaction mixture by using MOF as an adsorbent.
Additional U/Th dates for the Lapita settlement of Vava'u, Kingdom of Tonga
Authors: BURLEY DAVID V. , WEISLER MARSHALL , EDINBOROUGH KEVAN 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTWe present three unreported U/Th dates on coral abraders recovered from Lapita occupations at the ‘Otea and Vuna sites, in Vava'u, Kingdom of Tonga. Integrated with existing radiocarbon and U/Th dates for Vava'u, we also provide a single‐phase Bayesian model for Lapita chronology in these islands.
Ultralong PtPd Alloyed Nanowires Anchored on Graphene for Efficient Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Shen Ling , Ying Jie , Tian Ge , Jia Mingpu , Yang Xiao‐Yu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe rational synthesis of Pt‐based alloyed nanowires still remains a great challenge because of the different reduction potentials between Pt and another metal and the intrinsic feature of isotropic growth in face‐centered cubic (fcc) structured Pt. In this work, PtPd alloyed nanowires with ultrahigh aspect ratio anchored on graphene (PtPd NWs/graphene) were synthesized by a facile solvothermal method without the use of any templates or surfactants. Due to the integration of ultralong PtPd nanowires and stable graphene support, PtPd NWs/graphene exhibited outstanding electrochemical activity toward methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in comparison with pure Pt NWs/graphene and commercial Pt/C catalysts. Meanwhile, PtPd NWs/graphene had a much higher current density than Pt NWs/graphene and commercial Pt/C catalysts at a constant potential for 7200s in alkaline methanol solution. Moreover, after 1000 cycles of durability testing, PtPd NWs/graphene retained 89.2% of its initial mass activity, much superior to the 63.7% retained for commercial Pt/C.
Luminescence Switching of Organogold(I) Complexes between Aggregation‐induced Phosphorescence Enhancement and Aggregation‐caused Quenching by Balancing Auxiliary Ligands around the AuI Center
Authors: Zhuo Hao , Chi Xin , Jiang Mengtian , Xu Haibing , Zeng Minghua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAttaching AIE‐active L1 ([1,1′:2′,1′′:4′′,1′′′‐quaterphenyl]‐2‐yldiphenylphosphane) to AuCl, shortened the distances of P−C bonds to promote electron cloud overlap between AuI and L1, affords 1 (L1AuCl) with aggregation‐induced phosphorescence enhancement (AIPE) activity by 3LMCT transitions. Then substituting the coplanar L2 (9‐ethynylanthracene) for the Cl− in 1 providing 2, switches the luminescence to aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) activity. Furthermore, we restore the performance from ACQ to AIPE by metathesis reactions to transfer 2 into 1. It is versatile synthetic strategy of reversible transformation between 1 and 2 that switches the luminescence of organogold(I) between AIPE and ACQ through balancing auxiliary ligands around the given metal.
Generalized expectile regression with flexible response function
Authors: Spiegel Elmar , Kneib Thomas , von Gablenz Petra , Otto‐Sobotka Fabian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExpectile regression, in contrast to classical linear regression, allows for heteroscedasticity and omits a parametric specification of the underlying distribution. This model class can be seen as a quantile‐like generalization of least squares regression. Similarly as in quantile regression, the whole distribution can be modeled with expectiles, while still offering the same flexibility in the use of semiparametric predictors as modern mean regression. However, even with no parametric assumption for the distribution of the response in expectile regression, the model is still constructed with a linear relationship between the fitted value and the predictor. If the true underlying relationship is nonlinear then severe biases can be observed in the parameter estimates as well as in quantities derived from them such as model predictions. We observed this problem during the analysis of the distribution of a self‐reported hearing score with limited range. Classical expectile regression should in theory adhere to these constraints, however, we observed predictions that exceeded the maximum score. We propose to include a response function between the fitted value and the predictor similarly as in generalized linear models. However, including a fixed response function would imply an assumption on the shape of the underlying distribution function. Such assumptions would be counterintuitive in expectile regression. Therefore, we propose to estimate the response function jointly with the covariate effects. We design the response function as a monotonically increasing P‐spline, which may also contain constraints on the target set. This results in valid estimates for a self‐reported listening effort score through nonlinear estimates of the response function. We observed strong associations with the speech reception threshold.
The implications of efficiency differences in sustainable development: An empirical study in the consumer product industry
Authors: Fu Wayne , Su Che‐Ping (Jack) 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFirms often invest in sustainable development projects to improve their environmental and societal performance. Given the broad spectrum of these projects and limited resources, managers face challenges in determining where to improve (e.g., improving water consumption and reducing carbon footprint). The study examines the connection between environmental performance and firm performance from a new angle to help managers make informed decisions. The study examines firms in the consumer product industry regarding their efficiency in the operational aspect, the resource‐related environmental aspect, and the climate‐related environmental aspect. It then employs panel data models to investigate the implications of efficiency differences across these aspects on firms' financial performance and business risk. The results indicate that the effects of these differences are adverse in general. Additionally, the relationship between the operational and environmental efficiency difference and financial performance is in an inverted‐U shape. The study contributes to the literature by offering theoretical support and empirical evidence for the balanced portfolio approach in managing multiple environmental concerns. The study findings also provide managerial guidelines for decision‐making. To gain a greater benefit, managers should aim to minimize the performance differences across multiple environmental aspects and manage a subtle balance between operational performance and environmental performance.
Meiotic nuclear divisions 1 (MND1) fuels cell cycle progression by activating a KLF6/E2F1 positive feedback loop in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Quanli , Shi Run , Bai Yongkang , Meng Lijuan , Hu Jingwen , Zhu Hongyu , Liu Tongyan , De Xiaomeng , Wang Siwei , Wang Jie , Xu Lin , Zhou Guoren , Yin Rong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundConsidering the increase in the proportion of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cases among all lung cancers and its considerable contribution to cancer‐related deaths worldwide, we sought to identify novel oncogenes to provide potential targets and facilitate a better understanding of the malignant progression of LUAD.MethodsThe results from the screening of transcriptome and survival analyses according to the integrated Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were combined, and a promising risk biomarker called meiotic nuclear divisions 1 (MND1) was selectively acquired. Cell viability assays and subcutaneous xenograft models were used to validate the oncogenic role of MND1 in LUAD cell proliferation and tumor growth. A series of assays, including mass spectrometry, co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), were performed to explore the underlying mechanism.ResultsMND1 up‐regulation was identified to be an independent risk factor for overall survival in LUAD patients evaluated by both tissue microarray staining and third party data analysis. In vivo and in vitro assays showed that MND1 promoted LUAD cell proliferation by regulating cell cycle. The results of the Co‐IP, ChIP and dual‐luciferase reporter assays validated that MND1 competitively bound to tumor suppressor Kruppel‐like factor 6 (KLF6), and thereby protecting E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) from KLF6‐induced transcriptional repression. Luciferase reporter and ChIP assays found that E2F1 activated MND1 transcription by binding to its promoter in a feedback manner.ConclusionsMND1, KLF6, and E2F1 form a positive feedback loop to regulate cell cycle and confer DDP resistance in LUAD. MND1 is crucial for malignant progression and may be a potential therapeutic target in LUAD patients.
Time‐Economical Synthesis of Diarylacetates Enabled by TfOH‐Catalyzed Arylation of α‐Aryl‐α‐Diazoesters with Arenes
Authors: Hu Sha , Wu Jiale , Lu Zuolin , Wang Jiaqi , Tao Yuan , Jiang Meifen , Chen Fener 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDiarylacetates are privileged structures of many bioactive natural products and pharmaceutical compounds. A time‐economical synthesis of diarylacetates by TfOH‐catalyzed arylation of α‐aryl‐α‐diazoesters with arenes is described. This protocol provides a variety of diarylacetates in good yields with broad substrate scope, excellent functional group compatibility, and mild reaction conditions. Also, a new mechanism for the arylation reaction of α‐aryl‐α‐diazoesters with arenes under TfOH catalysis is presented.
Thin glass in façades: Adhesive joints for thin glass composite panels with 3D printed polymer cores
Authors: Kothe Christiane , Bodenko Anna , Nicklisch Felix , Louter Christian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThin glass is typically applied for displays on devices. In addition, it enables new applications in architecture, for example, in glass façades. Due to its high strength and small thickness (0.1‐2 mm) thin glass is very flexible, lightweight and easily bendable. However, thin glass cannot simply replace conventional façade glazing. To avoid too high deformations of the glazing as a result of the high flexibility, it must be stiffened. An appropriate solution is the use of sandwich panels consisting of two thin glass panes with an inner polymer core. To achieve lightweight façade elements, 3D printed polymer structures are used instead of a solid core. The present study is dedicated to find a suitable adhesive to bond the polymer core to the thin glass. The mechanical and thermomechanical performances of different combinations of typical 3D printed polymers and transparent adhesives are evaluated. In addition, the influences of temperature and UV aging that occur in the area of the façades are investigated.
Removal of Copper from Aqueous Solutions with Zeolites and Possible Treatment of Exhaust Materials
Authors: Logar Nataša Zabukovec , Arčon Iztok , Kovač Janez , Popova Margarita 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe mechanism of Cu2+ loading into commercially available natural HEU‐type and synthetic LTA‐type zeolites for their possible use in environmental processes, such as water and air treatment applications, was studied. Elemental analysis, SEM/EDXS, XRD, XAS and XPS analyses revealed 4‐fold coordination of Cu2+ cations with oxygen atoms in the pores, a predominant location of copper atoms on the surface of crystallites and retained crystallinity of zeolites throughout the processes. The post‐treatment of Cu2+‐loaded samples with HCl and/or NaCl solutions confirmed the predominantly reversible sorption of copper on zeolites from aqueous solutions by ion‐exchange mechanism and, therefore, excellent regeneration possibilities for both types of zeolites. Furthermore, with the calcination of exhaust metal‐loaded zeolites, catalysts for total toluene oxidation reaction, as a model VOC pollutant, were obtained.
Systematic Investigations of Vibrational and Fluid‐Mechanical Stability of Coated Monolithic Catalysts
Authors: Strucks Peter , Watermann Clara , Weber Konradin , Kaluza Stefan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHeterogeneous catalysts usually consist of porous, inorganic materials. Especially in the mobile application, e.g., in exhaust gas catalysis as a part of the gas line of an engine, there are loads due to vibrations and high gas velocities. It can be assumed that physical stress will lead to a loss of the catalytically active coating. The present contribution describes experimental setups and methods for a systematic and reproducible investigation of the main influences to the mass loss due to vibrational and fluid‐mechanical stress caused by particle‐free gas flows.
Impact of adjuvant endocrine therapy in older patients with comorbidities and estrogen receptor‐positive, node‐negative breast cancer—A National Cancer Database analysis
Authors: Tamirisa Nina , Lin Heather , Shen Yu , Shaitelman Simona F. , Karuturi Meghan S. , Giordano Sharon H. , Babiera Gildy V. , Bedrosian Isabelle 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundData are lacking about the benefit of adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) in older patients with multiple comorbidities. The authors sought to determine the effect of ET on the survival of older patients who had multiple comorbidities and estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐negative, pathologic node‐negative (pN0) breast cancer.MethodsWomen aged ≥70 years in the National Cancer Database (2010‐2014) with Charlson/Deyo comorbidity scores of 2 or 3 who had pathologic tumor (pT1)‐pT3/pN0, ER‐positive/HER2‐negative breast cancer were divided into 2 cohorts: adjuvant ET and no ET. Propensity scores were used to match patients based on age, comorbidity score, facility type, pT classification, chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the effect of ET on overall survival (OS).ResultsIn the nonmatched cohort (n = 3716), 72.8% of patients received ET (n = 2705), and 27.2% did not (n = 1011). The patients who received ET were younger (mean age, 76 vs 79 years;P< .001) and had higher rates of breast conservation compared with those who did not receive ET (lumpectomy plus radiation: 43.4% vs 23.8%, respectively;P< .001). In the matched cohort (n = 1972), the median OS was higher in the ET group (79.2 vs 67.7 months;P< .0001). In the adjusted analysis, ET was associated with improved survival (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.59‐0.83).ConclusionsIn older patients who have pN0, ER‐positive/HER2‐negative breast cancer with comorbidities, adjuvant ET was associated with improved OS, which may have been overestimated given the confounders inherent in observational studies. To optimize outcomes in these patients, current standard recommendations should be considered stage‐for‐stage based on life expectancy and the level of tolerance to treatment.