bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normativity in the EU’s Approach towards Disinformation
Authors: Kobernjuk Anna , Kasper Agnes 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith the rapid growth of disinformation, two major steps were taken to battle the phenomenon in the online environment—first on the global level, and second on the European Union level. The first step is the Joint Declaration on Freedom of Expression and “Fake News”, Disinformation and Propaganda, which provides a general overview of possible actions to be taken to fight disinformation, and how “things should be”. The steps are connected to following human rights standards, promoting the diversity of media, and paying special attention to intermediaries and media outlets. The second one is the Code of Practice on Disinformation, which is a self-regulatory document that can be voluntarily signed by major social media platforms and advertising bodies, and its main focus is making political advertising coherent and clear, preventing the creation of fake accounts, providing users with tools to report disinformation, and promote further research. Nevertheless, based on the reports and criticism from stakeholders, the Code of Practice has not reached a common ground regarding definitions, it has provided no mechanism to access the development, and has had several other drawbacks which need additional attention and discussion. The article is devoted to identifying gaps in the Code of Practice on Disinformation based on the reports and criticism provided by the stakeholders and elaborating on possible practices to regulate the legal issues raised by disinformation on the European Union level. We use doctrinal and comparative methods in the work.The doctrinal method targets the cluster that was identified in order to analyze the Code of Practice, identifies weak spots and inconsistencies, and offers solutions from different areas of law. The comparative method was selected since in several areas of law, such as human rights and consumer protection law, the previously identified approaches will be addressed to find the best outcomes. This combination of methods allows an in-depth understanding of legal documents and identifying successful solutions, which can influence further development based on efficient examples.
State of the Landscape and Dynamics of Loss and Fragmentation of Forest Critically Endangered in the Tropical Andes Hotspot: Implications for Conservation Planning
Authors: Rodríguez-Echeverry James , Leiton Margareth 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Currently, there is no precise information on the degree of transformation of Tropical Andes hotspot landscape and native ecosystems due to the intensification of agricultural and urban land-use. Proper knowledge of these changes would provide crucial information for planning conservation strategies. We evaluated the impact of the intensification of agricultural and urban land-use on the Inter-Andean Dry Forest and Tropical Montane Forest, both of which are categorized as Critically Endangered, and the state of the landscape in the High Rio Guayllabamba watershed, Ecuador, during the periods 1991–2005 and 2005–2017. The evaluation was carried out using Landsat satellite images of 30 x 30 m pixels and landscape metrics. We found an advanced state of landscape transformation. Since the 1990s, the loss of both ecosystems was largely caused by the conversion of forest to agriculture, resulting in substantial changes in the spatial configuration of these ecosystems. From 1991 to 2017, 19.8 % and 16.1 % of Inter-Andean Dry Forest and Tropical Montane Forest respectively, were converted to agriculture. The loss of Inter-Andean Dry Forest was 28 % and the number of forest patches increased by more than 150%. The loss of Tropical Montane Forest was 16.5 % and the number of forest patches increased by more than 300 %. The largest loss and fragmentation of forest cover occurred from 1991 to 2005. We suggested planning landscape-scale conservation, using the patch-corridor-matrix model. This model is appropriate given the current configuration of the landscape studied, with Inter-Andean Dry Forest and Tropical Montane Forest restricted to small patches sparsely distributed across the landscape.
Public Perception of Biodiversity: A Literature Review of Its Role in Urban Green Spaces
Authors: Bele Archana , Chakradeo Ujwala 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The significance of biodiversity in the survival of human beings and enhancing the urban quality of life is evident from the empirical measurements and qualitative studies carried out across the globe. Despite its importance and value, burgeoning population and growing urbanization are posing a serious threat to biodiversity leading to biodiversity homogenization and ecosystem fragmentation. Moreover, studies reveal that management practices of biodiversity hardly take into account perception, needs, and knowledge of urban residents regarding biodiversity. Urban green spaces have a major role to play in the conservation of urban biodiversity. However, the triangular relationship between biodiversity, urban green spaces, and public perception is still unexplored.
With this aim, the paper attempts to compile, analyze, and synthesize the empirical findings to understand the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding public perception of biodiversity in urban green spaces. The search strategy acquired for the selection of papers resulted in 43 papers from 22 different countries of the world. The paper focuses upon an inclusive definition of urban green spaces, thus encompasses a wide variety of urban and peri-urban green spaces, parks, gardens, and waterfront urban spaces. The analysis of literature pattern reveals a recent increase in studies related to biodiversity perception over the last 10 years. It indicates a strong geographic bias in publications as well. Studies of animals including birds, insects, and reptiles are found scarce compared to plant species. The study could identify potential variables affecting human biodiversity perception which include species literacy, visitation rate, preferences, recreational, health, and restorative benefits, vegetation characteristics, nature connectedness, and conservation support. The paper also proposes a framework for understanding biodiversity perception in urban green spaces that can assist in improving our understanding of the relationship between human interactions and natural environments and framing strategies for urban development, landscape planning, and community health promotions.
The Development Higher Order Thinking Skill (Hots) As Questions In Chemistry Study (Solubility And Solubility Product Constant)
Authors: Sarah Faucut , Khaldun Ibnu , Gani Abdul 
Published: May 2021

The significance of critical thinking as one of the 21st century skills makes the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture integrate Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) in the latest national curriculum. Students critical thinking skills to working on HOTS assessment are fundamental, especially in learning chemistry lessons. The research purpose is to analyze the quality of HOTS chemistry questions/ assessment and to observe the teachers and students responses to computer-based test instruments developed using Wondershare Quiz Maker Software (WQM). The research method used Research And Development (R & D) Borg & Gall model. The sample was determined by Random Sampling Technique in total 104 students from several high school in Banda Aceh, it is SMAN 4, SMAN 5, SMAN 8 and SMAN 11. The data analysis technique was through calculating the percentage score of the assessment quality and analyzing the question items quantitatively such as validity, reliability, difficulty level of the questions, differential question power tests and distracting question power using proanaltes. The results showed that the quality of HOTS in chemical questions tested (for the solubility subject and the solubility product constant in terms of qualitative analysis of the items) in the validation test gained average score, it is 98.1%, means the items are qualified categories. In terms of quantitative analysis question items, it reached 95% valid and 5% invalid and the reliability test score was 0.740, are in high category. The questions difficulty covers 95% medium and 5% are in difficult level. The questions differential power for each category is 65% good, 30% medium and 5% less. The teachers and students response to the development of the computer-based HOTS test instrument using WQM software was positive and show good result. The teacher response positively on score strongly agreed was 83.3% and agreed 16.7%, while the students response on score strongly agreed was 27.2% and 63.3% agreed. The research conclusion there is significant students critical thinking skills improved (in learning the solubility and the solubility product constant chapter) by using HOTS assessment using Wondershare Quiz Maker software.
Faktor Intrinsik dan Ekstrinsik Dimoderasi Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Guru
Authors: Anggraeni Leni Amalia 
Published: May 2021

Background – Competent teachers can produce quality education. The problem that exists is the number of teachers in schools who lack motivation, this is due to the low enthusiasm of teachers when teaching in several schools. In addition, teacher workloads that exceed the limit and lack of training to improve teacher skills also lead to a lack of teacher motivation. The solution is the need to increase work motivation from both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Purpose – To find out the influence of instristic and extraneous factors moderated work motivation on teacher performance. Design/Methodology/Approach - This research method uses a causality research design. The population of the study was 86 junior high school teachers in Poncokusumo District. With the research sample 46 SMP teachers who have been certified. The approach used is quantitative with Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Result and Discussion - The results of data analysis state: (1) intrinsic factors affect teacher performance, (2) extrinsic factors affect teacher performance, and (3) moderated intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect teacher performance. Conclusion – The results of this study are the intrinsic and extrinsic factors which are moderated by motivation have a significant effect on performance. Motivation strengthens the relationship between intrinsic and external factors on teacher performance in junior high schools in Poncokusumo sub-district. Research Implications - This research has implications for the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors as well as motivation as moderation on teacher performance
A kulturális emlékezet megjelenése a katonai protokollban
Authors: Füleki Réka 
Published: May 2021

A kulturális emlékezet szimbólumok, jelek és jelképek azon megjelenése, amely egy nemzet emlékezetét és identitását generációkra meghatározza. A magyar történelemben számos olyan eseményt találhatunk, amelyek nemzedékekre meghatározták a magyarságtudat szimbólumait, jelképeit. A katonák által közvetített szimbólumokon a 20. század során nem csak jelentős, de meglehetősen gyors ütemű, dinamikus változások figyelhetők meg. Az adott korszak politikai berendezkedésének, ideológiai rendszerének a nemzet emlékezetére gyakorolt hatása az állami és a nemzeti ünnepek alkalmával közvetített kulturális értékek szimbolikájára is kiterjedt.
RESPONSE TO THE GROWTH AND RESULTS OF ANGERMAL PLANT (Solanum melongena L.) TO THE DOSAGE OF LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND SOLID ORGANIC FERTILIZER
Authors: Al Falaq Fajar 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman terung terhadap dosis pupuk organik cair dan pupuk organik padat serta melihat pengaruh interaksi antara pupuk organik cair dan pupuk organik padat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Suka Rakyat Pondok Kemuning Kecamatan Langsa Baroe Kota Langsa dengan ketinggian tempat ± 10 m dpl dan pH tanah 6,8 (soil tester) dari bulan Agustus sampai Desember 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial, yang terdiri dari 2 faktor, yaitu faktor dosis pupuk organik cair GDM (M) dan faktor pupuk organik padat (P). pemberian dosis pupuk organik cair GDM berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman pada umur (21, 35 dan 49), jumlah daun pada umur (21, 35 dan 49), umur berbunga, jumlah buah, panjang buah, diameter buah, produksi pertanaman, produksi perplot dan produksi perhektar. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan M3 (9 liter/ha). Pengamatan perlakuan pemberian dosis pupuk organik padat berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman pada umur (21, 35 dan 49 HST), jumlah daun pada umur (21, 35 dan 49 HST), umur berbunga, panjang buah, diameter buah, jumlah buah, produksi pertanaman, produksi perplot dan produksi perhektar. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan P3 (30 ton/ha). Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada kombinasi perlakuan M3P3 (dosis pupuk organik cair 9 liter/ha dan dosis pupuk organik padat 30 ton/ha). Untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman terung disarankan untuk menggunakan pupuk organik cair dengan dosis 9 liter/ha dan dosis pupuk organik padat 30 ton/ha yang dilakukan sesuai pengaplikasian.
Analisis Keputusan Pemilihan Masyarakat antara Surat Kabar dan Radio dalam Penyampaian Berita Politik (Berdasarkan Pengelompokan Usia Konsumen Radio dan Surat Kabar di Kota Surabaya)
Authors: Anggraeny Dwi Nuning , Lestari Rista Dwi , Putri Dina Safira 
Published: May 2021

Abstrak– Penyampaian informasi oleh media memiliki suatu karakteristik tertentu yang menjadikan suatu media memiliki daya tarik tertentu. Ciri khas yang menjadikan suatu media tetap bertahan dalam kerasnya gempuran persaingan dengan berbagai media terbaru. Tak terkecuali media cetak koran dan juga radio yang memiliki karakteristik tertentu sehingga tetap memiliki daya tarik bagi khalayak. Penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana pemilihan masyarakat antara penggunaan media koran dan radio dalam penyampaian berita politik. Semakin maju teknologi baik radio maupun koran kurang diminati oleh masyarakat. Apakah penurunan dalam penggemar dari media radio dan koran memberikan dampak tersendiri. Klasifikasi pengelompokan usia penggemar radio dan koran dalam menentukan minat mereka dalam memperoleh informasi. Serta efek dari pemberitaan politik berdasarkan usia yang sangat berpengaruh dalam kehidupannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan sesuatu tata cara riset sesuai fakta – fakta yang terdapat terbaru yang menggabarkan bagaimana daya tarik antara media koran dan radio dalam penyampaian berita politik. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh banyakya penurunan penggemar dari media koran dan surat kabar disetiap tahunnya khususnya untuk pulau jawa. Dan bagaimana partisipasi politik masyarakat terhadap pemberitaan yang disampaikan oleh mediaKata kunci : Pengelompokan Usia Penggemar, Perbandingan Daya Tarik, Partisipasi Politik, Pola Perilaku Masyarakat Abstract – The delivery of information by the media has certain characteristics that make a media have a certain appeal. Characteristics that make a media survive the intense competition with the latest media. Not to mention the print media, newspapers and radio, which have certain characteristics so that they still have an appeal to the public. This article discusses how public elections in the use of newspapers and radio media in delivering political news. Where because the more advanced technology, both radio and newspapers are less attractive to the public. Has the decline in radio and newspaper fans had its own impact. Radio and newspaper fans' age classification determines their interest in obtaining information. As well as the effects of political coverage based on age which is very influential in his life. The method used in this article uses a qualitative descriptive approach by using a research method according to the latest available facts that describe the attractiveness between newspapers and radio in delivering political news. Based on the data obtained, the number of fans decreased from newspapers and newspapers every year, especially for the island of Java. And how is the people's political participation in the news conveyed by the mediaKeywords: Fan Age Grouping, Comparison of Attractiveness, Political Participation, Community Behavior Patterns
Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran Bagi Pelaku Usaha Makanan yang Terkena Dampak COVID-19
Authors: Setyowati Nursha Dwi , Tutiasri Ririn Puspita 
Published: May 2021

Abstrack. In the midst of widespread government policies to maintain large-scale social distancing which have an impact on business actors, especially in this study, product business actors experience paralysis which results in decreased income. This requires food business actors to prepare the right strategy at least to stabilize income and maintain or get new consumers. The purpose of this research is to see how the marketing communication strategy for food product businesses has an impact on the impact of COVID-19. Qualitative research methods with a phenomenological approach. Data collection was carried out by interviewing the WhatsApp Call application and making bold observations. The results of this study indicate that food businesses affected by COVID-19 are combining offline to online marketing. On average, online in the Grab and Gojek food delivery application. So as not to leave the shop offline, develop its business by implementing 4C marketing which is able to provide positive results because it prioritizes consumer needs. Keywords: impact of COVID-19, 4C marketing communications, marketing communication strategy 4.0Abstrack. Di tengah merebaknya kebijakan pemerintah untuk menjaga jarak pembatasan sosial berskala besar berimbas bagi pelaku usaha khususnya dalam penelitian ini ialah pelaku usaha produk makanan mengalami kelumpuhan hingga mengalami penurunan pendapatan. Adanya hal tersebut perlunya pelaku usaha makanan menyiapkan strategi yang tepat setidaknya untuk menstabilkan pendapatan serta mempertahankan maupun mendapat konsumen baru. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi komunikasi pemasaran bagi pelaku usaha produk makanan yang terkena dampak COVID-19. Metode penelitian ini kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara melalui aplikasi WhatsApp call dan observasi secara daring. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa para pelaku usaha makanan yang terkena dampak COVID-19 mengombinasikan pemasaran offline ke online. Rata-rata secara online bekerjasama dengan aplikasi pesan antar makanan Grab dan Gojek. Sehingga tidak meninggalkan warung offline melainkan mengembangkan usahanya dengan menerapkan pemasaran 4C yang mampu memberikan korelasi yang positif karena mengutamakan kebutuhan konsumen. Keywords: dampak COVID-19, komunikasi pemasaran 4C, strategi komunikasi pemasaran 4.0
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair Dan Takaran Pupuk Kandang Sapi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Selada (Lactuca sativa L.) Varietas Grand Rapids
Authors: Hanipah Hanipah , Hadirocmat Nurdin , Hidayat Odang 
Published: May 2021

The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of concentration liquid organic fertilizer and doses cow manure on the growth and yield of grand rapids variety of lettuce, carried out in the practice of Tanjungsari Sumedang SMK PPN, located at an altitude of 850 meters above sea level. The experiment starts from June 2018 to August 2018. The experimental design used was a Randomized Design facto pattern group consisting of two factors and repeated three times. The first factor is liquid organic fertilizer nasa (p) with 5 levels: p1 = 0 ml / liter of water, p2 = 1 ml / liter of water, p3 = 2 ml / liter of water, p4 = 3 ml / liter of water, p4 = 4 ml / liter of water. The second factor is cow manure (k) consisting of 4 levels, namely: k1 = 0 ton / ha, k2 = 5 ton / ha, k3 = 10 ton / ha, k4 = 15 ton / ha. The results of the experiment show: There was no interaction between liquid organic fertilizer and cowshed fertilizer on observations of plant height, number of leaves, weight per plant, weight per sample, weight per plot and root volume in lettuce. The treatment of liquid organic fertilizer at concentrations of p3 (3,0 ml/liter of water) showed the best results on plant height, number of leaves, and yield of weight per plot and significantly different from observations of weight per plant and root volume. Cow manure showed no significant effect on all plant height, number of leaves, weight per plant, weight per sample, weight per plot and root volume in lettuce.
Edukasi Kader dan Masyarakat Pesisir Kecamatan Soropia sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Kemampuan dalam Penatalaksanaan Kegawatan pada Anak
Authors: Rahayu Dian Yuniar Syanti , Usman Reni Devianti , Atoy Lena , Rini Dewi Sartiya , Tahir Rusna 
Published: May 2021

Upaya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai penatalaksanaan kasus kegawatan yaitu choking (tersedak) yang terjadi pada anak dapat menurunkan angka kematian anak. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan masyarakat dalam penatalaksanaan kasus kegawatan yaitu choking (tersedak) yang terjadi pada anak. Metode yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan dan demonstrasi tindakan penatalaksanaan tersedak pada anak. Kegiatan ini melibatkan partisipasi dari masyarakat Desa Mekar Kecamatan Soropia Kabupaten Konawe sehingga mereka bisa memahami dan mampu melakukan langkah-langkah penatalaksanaan tersedak pada anak. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat menunjukkan respon positif dan antusias berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat.
Electro-Scalp Acupuncture Reduce Elder Dementia Rate In Aisyiyah Nursing Home Of Surakarta
Authors: Wahyudi Rinto Jatmiko , Widowati Risna 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Background: Alzheimer’s Diseases International predicts that the number of elderly people with dependency will increase from 101 million to 277 million in 2050, including Indonesia which is estimated to have one million people. Meanwhile WHO in 2020 reports, worldwide, around 50 million people suffer from dementia, and there are nearly 10 million new cases every year. Elderly people with dependency such as dementia requires personal care with more time and supervision, all of these relate to the burden of nurses and the higher costs. The example of the solution that problem is acupuncture treatment for dementia. Acupuncture research in Alzheimer's cases, including a decrease cognitive level or dementia, acupuncture can improve verbal, motor, cognitive abilities, and mood. But until now acupuncture is still very rarely used for this case. The aim this research is to determine the effect of stimulation on Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose areolar, Pericranium (SCALP) acupuncture with electro stimulation on reduce elder dementia rate in Aisyiyah Nursing Home of Surakarta.
Methods: The study was conducted at Aisyiyah Nursing Home of Surakarta for 2 months. Dementia rate measured with Mental Mini State Examination (MMSE) and analyze with a cross-sectional approach and with a one-group pretest-posttest research design. There are 15 elderly people as research subjects, using purposive sampling techniques. Needle insertion in this research performed at the Brain point Yamamoto New SCALP Acupuncture (YNSA).
Results: The average age of the elderly in Aisyiyah Nursing Home of Surakarta is 72.4 years and has a risk of cognitive decline or dementia. The average of dementia rate measured with Mental Mini State Examination (MMSE) scores before treatment was 21 (dementia) and the average of MMSE score after treatment was 26.3 (normal category). Paired T-test was obtained p <0.05 which means there is an influence of SCALP Acupuncture with electro stimulation on reduce elder dementia rate.
Conclusion: There is an effect of the procedure of SCALP acupuncture with electrostimulation therapy to reduce elder dementia rate which is marked by an increase in the value of MMSE score after therapy.