bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of intravenous sodium bicarbonate in neonatal intensive care units in Italy: a nationwide survey
Authors:   on behalf of the Neonatal Pharmacotherapy Study Group of the Italian Society of Neonatology (SIN), Massenzi Luca , Aufieri Roberto , Donno Silvia , Agostino Rocco , Dotta Andrea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic Acidosis (MA) is a disturbance of the acid-base balance that can occur in preterm and critically ill term neonates due to different etiologies. Intravenous sodium bicarbonate (SB) has been traditionally used to correct such unbalance, despite the lack of evidence about its safety and efficacy. In literature, reported undesirable effects of treatment with SB in neonates include worsening of intracellular acidosis, impairment of myocardial function, cerebral blood flow fluctuations and intracranial hemorrhage. A national survey was conducted by the Neonatal Pharmacotherapy Study Group of the Italian Society of Neonatology with the aim to assess and describe attitudes and practices concerning the use of SB, particularly for the treatment of MA in Italian NICUs.MethodsA questionnaire regarding treatment of MA and SB prescription habits was sent to the directors of 120 Italian NICUs from June 2017 to March 2018.ResultsThe survey response rate was 97.5% (117/120 centers). Findings showed that in 55% of the surveyed NICUs (64/117 units) it is common practice to correct MA with intravenous SB. On the other hand, the remaining 45% of the units try to solve the metabolic disturbances adopting different approaches (improving perfusion, adjusting ventilation parameters or increasing blood volume). Moreover, to prevent the occurrence of MA, 37.6% of the NICUs (44/117) include buffer salts (lactate, acetate or both) in parenteral nutrition prescriptions. SB is also used as a treatment for other conditions, mainly pathologies with bicarbonate loss and tubular acidosis (respectively in 53.8 and 32.5% of the NICUs).ConclusionThis survey showed how SB is a commonly used treatment for MA in more than half of Italian NICUs, with indications and prescription criteria that significantly vary across centers. Based on current knowledge, it is reasonable to suggest that the management of neonatal MA should be firstly directed to identify the underlying disorders. Thus, the use of SB should be reserved only for selected cases, also considering the severity of SB adverse effects and the lack of evidence about its efficacy. Guidance for the management of MA is required to harmonize practices and reduce the use of potentially inappropriate and unsafe treatments.
The occurrence of Adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent Cushing's syndrome in a woman with the history of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Tabatabaizadeh Mashallah , Hasibi Taheri Sara , Eydi Mohammad , Shayestehpour Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Thyroid papillary carcinoma is one of the most common endocrine tumors, and it accounts for 85% of thyroid tumors. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-independent Cushing's syndrome is a rare disease. In this case report, we discuss a very rare case of coexistence of papillary thyroid carcinoma and Cushing's syndrome with an adrenal origin.

Case presentation
The patient was a 33-year-old Iranian/Persian woman with a history of papillary thyroid carcinoma treated with iodine 131 three years ago. She presented with weight gain, amenorrhea, and mood disorders in the last six months. She was diagnosed with an ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome due to benign adrenal adenoma and underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy surgery. The symptoms of the syndrome were disappeared after the surgery.

Conclusions
ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal tumor and papillary thyroid cancer occurs sporadically. The co-occurrence of two endocrine tumors with different origins is rare. It is recommended that the occurrence of other endocrine neoplasms be considered when an endocrine tumor is diagnosed.
Bio-pesticides alternative diazinon to control peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: El-Gendy Ismail R. , El-Banobi Mona I. , Villanueva-Jimenez Juan A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The bio-pesticide abamectin has been used to control a large variety of insects, including Diptera species, attributed to its high toxicity with virtually no residual effects on treated crops. Its low residual effect ensures the survival of natural enemies and other non-target organisms. Imidacloprid is also widely used for insect pest control due to its potency and high insect selectivity in comparison to mammals. On the other hand, diazinon has been applied extensively to control immature fruit fly stages, mature larvae, pre-pupae, and pupae in soil drench application, thus, affecting the whole agroecosystem, including the natural enemies.

Results
The toxic effects of abamectin and imidaclopride proposed as a replacement for diazinone in soil treatment, were studied against a laboratory strain of the peach fruit fly (PFF), Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae) under field-caged conditions. Five days old PFF pupae were treated by each pesticide. PFF pupae exhibited different levels of susceptibility to the tested pesticides. Non-significant differences in the pupal mortality rates were obtained between imidacloprid (77.52%), abamectin (77.22%), or diazinon (73.89%). Diazinon and abamectin achieved the highest percentages of total mortality (100%), followed by imidacloprid (98.89%). Real mortality rates were mostly concentration-dependent, while the deformed flies rate depended on the chemical sub-group of insecticide and concentration. Additionally, the biochemical studies revealed different acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) inhibition levels caused by the pesticides on the treated flies sampled at 24, 48, and 72 hours post fly emergence.

Conclusion
The bio-insecticide abamectin is an option to diazinon for the control of PFF pupae. Also, soil treatment might be an alternative for PFF pupae control.
Modeling of residual chlorine in a drinking water network in times of pandemic of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
Authors: García-Ávila Fernando , Avilés-Añazco Alex , Ordoñez-Jara Juan , Guanuchi-Quezada Christian , Flores del Pino Lisveth , Ramos-Fernández Lía 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDue to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease there is a need for public water supply of the highest quality. Adequate levels of chlorine allow immediate elimination of harmful bacteria and viruses and provide a protective residual throughout the drinking water distribution network (DWDN). Therefore, a residual chlorine decay model was developed to predict chlorine levels in a real drinking water distribution network. The model allowed determining human exposure to drinking water with a deficit of residual chlorine, considering that it is currently necessary for the population to have clean water to combat coronavirus Covid 19. The chlorine bulk decay rates (kb) and the reaction constant of chlorine with the pipe wall (kw) were experimentally determined. Average kb and kw values of 3.7 d− 1 and 0.066 m d− 1 were obtained, respectively. The values of kb and kw were used in EPANET to simulate the chlorine concentrations in a DWDN. The residual chlorine concentrations simulated by the properly calibrated and validated model were notably close to the actual concentrations measured at different points of the DWDN. The results showed that maintaining a chlorine concentration of 0.87 mg L− 1 in the distribution tank, the residual chlorine values in the nodes complied with the Ecuadorian standard (0.3 mg L− 1); meanwhile, about 45% of the nodes did not comply with what is recommended by the WHO as a mechanism to combat the current pandemic (0.5 mg L− 1). This study demonstrated that residual chlorine modeling is a valuable tool for monitoring water quality in the distribution network, allowing to control residual chlorine levels in this pandemic season.
Mississippian chat and tripolite zones in Osage County, Oklahoma: Paleokarst interpretation based on 3D seismic and well logs
Authors: Aboaba Olanrewaju , Liner Christopher 
Published: March 2021

Mississippian paleokarst chat and tripolitic chert (tripolite) zones associated with the Mississippian Lime have been hydrocarbon exploration targets in Osage County for many decades. Chat is residual chert, either in place or transported, weathered out of chert-bearing Mississippian Limestone that was eroded at the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian unconformity. Thus, the formation of chat is an epigene paleokarst process. Tripolite occurs as a highly porous, silica-rich interval within the Mississippi Lime. It is formed by in-place alteration of limestone by silica-rich surface waters or deep-seated hydrothermal fluids, making tripolite formation a mixed or hypogene paleokarst process. Here, we have studied chat and tripolite by seismic analysis calibrated by well control with full-wave sonic and density log data. We identify that chat and tripolite show clear separation from Mississippian Lime log-based acoustic impedance and [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text], but there is no meaningful separation of chat from tripolite, and they both exhibit total porosities greater than 20% with evidence of fracture porosity. We find that the sonic-based normal incidence wedge model for chat bounded above by the Pennsylvanian Shale and below by the Mississippian Lime indicate that two seismic expressions are plausible: first, a strong negative amplitude when the chat thickness is above the tuning thickness (for this survey it is 56 ft) and, second, a weak positive or negative amplitude associated with the small impedance contrast between chat and overlying Pennsylvanian Shale. Our analysis suggests that the traditional chat “strong response” and a new “dim-out” exploration strategy may be usefully applied in Osage County. We show that the tripolite response is consistently a negative amplitude event that strengthens with increasing tripolite thickness. We provide an interpretive framework for characterizing chat and tripolite zones associated with the Mississippian Lime in the U.S. midcontinent, which may apply to regions around the world.
COVID-19, an Incentive to Tackle Sugar in Hospitals and at Home
Authors: Vazirani Anuraag A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disease are thwarting our efforts to recover from COVID-19. Chronic inflammation is a key feature of both COVID-19 and the metabolic syndrome. Sugar consumption in particular has been shown to affect COVID-19 mortality by contributing to the chronic inflammatory state. Restriction of free sugar intake has a measurable effect on disease-predicting physiological parameters in as little as 9 days. The rapid reduction in inflammation following fructose restriction is key in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, as COVID-19 exacerbates the same inflammatory pathways as those driven by the metabolic syndrome. Healthcare providers have a duty to implement international recommendations of reduced free sugar intake. By doing so, they could reduce the chronic inflammatory burden contributing to COVID-19 patients’ demise. Further, it would set a precedent for reducing the risk of severe disease in the uninfected, by maximizing their potential metabolic health in the context of an infection predicated on its disruption.
Organic Conductors with Narrow Bandwidth Based on 2-(Pyran-4-ylidene)-1,3-dithiole
Authors: Shirahata Takashi , Ikeda Masahide , Watadzu Hiroshi , Fujiwara Hideki , Maruyama Takashi , Yamabe Tokio , Misaki Yohji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A π-electron donor incorporating pyran-4-ylidene moiety, 2-(pyran-4-ylidene)-1,3-dithiole (PDT, 1a), and its derivatives (1b–e) have been synthesized. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that the derivatives of 1 exhibited two pairs of redox waves. Comparison of the first redox potentials (E1) indicated that the donating ability of PDT (E1 = −0.16 V vs. Fc/Fc+, in benzonitrile) is stronger than that of TTF (E1 = −0.09 V), but is weaker than the sulfur analog TPDT (E1 = −0.19 V). X-ray structure analyses of radical cation salts based on the ethylendithio derivative (1d)2X (X = ClO4, ReO4, and GaCl4) revealed that the donors form two-dimensional conducting sheets, in which the donors adopt the so-called β-type packing with a uniform head-to-tail stacking. Calculation of the overlap integrals of the HOMOs suggest that (1d)2X has a small intrastack overlap compared to the TTF-type conductors because of a head-to-tail stacking of the unsymmetrical π-electron framework. A tight-binding band calculation suggested that all the salts have quasi-one-dimensional Fermi surfaces. They exhibited relatively high conductivity of σrt = 0.79–20 S cm−1 on a single crystal and showed weak but metal-like temperature dependence of resistivity.
The Performance of Time-Preference and Risk-Preference Measures in Surveys
Authors: Tasoff Joshua , Zhang Wenjie 
Published: March 2021

Time preferences and risk preferences play an important role in a wide range of behavior, including financial decisions, entrepreneurship, and the proper incentivizing of agents. Numerous methods have been developed to measure these preferences hypothetically in surveys, but they have yielded inconsistent results. We analyze a panel data set in which subjects have collectively answered more than 400 surveys including 15 time-preference and 36 risk-preference elicitations. We evaluate the performance of these measures using the criteria of (1) ability to predict economically important behavior and (2) distinctness from other observables. We find substantial heterogeneity in the predictiveness of the measures. The best performing measure for time-preference is a titration method, in which a sequence of adaptive binary-choice questions narrows in on a subject’s indifference point, and for risk-preference it is a self-report measure of risk aversion. Using factor analysis, we find that time preferences are well explained by a single factor, but risk preferences load on multiple factors. However, the first factor loads almost entirely on self-reported risk-preference measures, and this factor explains much of the variation. The evidence can help inform researchers about which elicitation methods to include in their surveys. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.
Struktur komunitas Echinodermata pada ekosistem lamun Desa Taula’a Kecamatan Bilato, Kabupaten Gorontalo
Authors: Yusuf Hardiyanti , Kadim Miftahul Khair 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Echinodermata is playing an important role in food chains in waters ecosystem; however, there was no report on the Echinodermata structure in the seagrass ecosystem of Taula’a village, Gorontalo district. Hence, the objective of the study was to to determine the community structure of Echinoderms in the seagrass ecosystem of coastal area of Taula’a village, Bilato, Gorontalo regency. The research was conducted from January to April 2019. There were 3 observation stations chosen purposively. The sample of Echinoderms was observed at low tide using methods of quadrats and transects of 1×1 m. In addition, the water parameters were also measured i.e the temperature, the salinity, the pH, the water depth, the substrate and the water flow. Furthermore, diversity, dominanc and Evenness index were analyzed using software PAST 3.22. The results showed that there were 13 species of Echinoderms representing 4 classes, namely Ophiuroidea, Asteriodea, Echinodea dan Holothuroidea in which the highest total abundance was on 1st station and the lowest total abundance was on the 2nd station. The index of diversity was in the medium category, the index of domination was in the low category, the index of evenness showed an equitable distribution and the index of uniformity was very high.Keywords : Echinoderms, community, seagrass, Past 3.22 Abstrak. Echinodermata memiliki peranan penting dalam rantai makanan pada ekosistem laut, namun demikian struktur komunitasnya di ekosistim lamun Desa Taula’a Kabupaten Gorontalo belum pernah dilaporkan. Oleh karena itu peneilitan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas Echinodermata pada ekosistem lamun di wilayah pesisir Desa Taula’a, Bilato Kabupaten Gorontalo. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari hingga April 2019. Terdapat 3 stasiun pengamatan yang dipilih secara purposive. Pengamatan sampel Echinodermata dilakukan pada saat surut dengan menggunakan transek kuadran 1×1 m. Selain itu dilakukan juga pengukuran terhadap parameter air yaitu suhu, salinitas, pH, kedalaman, substrat dan arus. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman, indeks dominansi dan indeks kemerataan dianalisis menggunakan software PAST 3.22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 13 spesies Echinodermata ditemukan yang mewakili 4 kelas yaitu Ophiuroidea, Asteriodea, Echinodea dan Holothuroidea dimana kelimpahan total tertinggi pada stasiun I dan terendah pada stasiun II. Indeks keanekaragaman kategori sedang, indeks dominasi rendah, indeks kemerataan menunjukkan penyebaran yang merata dan indeks keseragaman yang sangat tinggi. Kata kunci: Echinodermata, komunitas, Lamun, Past 3.22
Bioakumulasi residu pestisida pada komunitas gastropoda di perairan Sungai Kalisat, Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Buwono Nanik Retno , Gultom Trinita , Ayuning Setya Widi , Supriatna Supriatna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Gastropods can respond to pesticide pollution in the environment because their life is relatively sedentary and their movements are very limited. The character of pesticides are not selective and persistent can result in bioaccumulation of pesticide content in gastropod. Hence, the aim of the study was to determine the levels of pesticide residues that accumulate in the gastropod body at Kalisat River, Malang Regency. The pesticide residues in gastropods was measured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Data were analyzed descriptively comparative or compared with the quality standards which exceeded the maximum residual limit set by the EU Pesticide Database. The results showed that pyrethroid pesticides were found with the active ingredient beta-cyfluthrin (mean 0.05 mg/g) and carbamate group with three highest active ingredients namely propoxur (average value of 0.15 mg/g), carbofuran (average value of 0.16 mg/g) and carbaryl (average value of 0.11 mg/g). Bioaccumulation factor values at all stations are greater than 1 (BAF1) that indicates the gastropods can accumulate pesticide residues.Keywords: bioaccumulation, gastropod, pesticide residues, Kalisat River Abstrak. Gastropoda dapat memberikan respon terhadap pencemaran pestisida di lingkungan karena hidupnya relatif menetap dan pergerakannya sangat terbatas. Sifat pestisida yang tidak selektif dan persisten dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya bioakumulasi atau penumpukan kandungan pestisida dalam tubuh gastropoda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar residu pestisida yang terakumulasi dalam tubuh gastropoda di Sungai Kalisat, Kabupaten Malang. Pengukuran residu pestisida pada gastropoda menggunakan alat High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan pestisida golongan piretroid dengan bahan aktif jenis beta siflutrin (rerata 0,05 mg/g) dan golongan karbamat dengan tiga jenis bahan aktif tertinggi, yaitu propoksur (rerata 0,15 mg/g), karbofuran (rerata 0,16 mg/g) dan karbaril (rerata 0,11 mg/g). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif komparatif atau dibandingan dengan baku mutu EU Pesticide Database tahun 2019 telah melebihi batas maksimum residu yang ditetapkan oleh EU Pesticide Database. Nilai faktor bioakumulasi pada seluruh stasiun lebih besar dari 1 (BAF1) yang menunjukkan bahwa gastropoda mampu mengakumulasi residu pestisida. Pestisida dapat ditemukan pada gastropoda dengan melalui difusi langsung dari lingkungan dan juga melalui proses pencernaan gastropoda. Kata kunci: bioakumulasi, gastropoda, residu pestisida, Sungai Kalisat
Hubungan ukuran kapal, panjang jaring, tenaga mesin, dan material rumpon terhadap hasil tangkapan purse seine: Studi kasus di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Idi Rayeuk, Kabupaten Aceh Timur
Authors: Chaliluddin Makwiyah A. , Affan Junaidi M. , Ramadhan Syahrul , Ismail Yulia Safitri , Amir Fachrorazi , Muhammad Muhammad , Rizwan Thaib , Rahmah Alvi , Yani Fitri Indah , El-Rahimi Sayyid A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Each region has different boat sizes, fishing gear sizes, engine power, and fish agregating device (FAD)material, allegedly having different catches. The relationship between the length of the net, engine power, fishing vessel size, usually influences the catch of the fish. This study aims to determine the effect of fishing vessel size, engine power, net length and FAD material on catches volume. The study was conducted using descriptive methods conducted on 14 February-14 March 2019 in Idie Rayeak, Aceh Timur, Aceh Province. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that engine power, net length and FAD material had a significant effect on the catch volume, while the fishing vessel size had no significant effect on the catch volume.Keywords: fishing vessel size, length of net, engine power, FAD material Abstrak. Setiap daerah memiliki ukuran kapal, ukuran alat tangkap, tenaga mesin, serta material rumpon yang berbeda-beda, diduga memiliki hasil tangkapan yang berbeda pula. Hubungan antara panjang jaring, tenaga mesin, ukuran kapal, biasanya berpengaruh terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran kapal, tenaga mesin, panjang jaring dan material rumpon terhadap hasil tangkapan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif yang dilakukan pada bulan 14 Februari - 14 Maret 2019 di perairan Idi Rayeak Aceh Timur, Provinsi Aceh. Data dianalisis dengan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tenaga mesin, panjang jaring dan material rumpon mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hasil tangkapan, sedangkan ukuran kapal tidak mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hasil tangkapan.Kata kunci: Ukuran kapal, panjang jaring, tenaga mesin, material rumpon