bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are we adequately assessing the demographic impacts of harvesting for wild‐sourced conservation translocations?
Authors: Mitchell William F. , Boulton Rebecca L. , Sunnucks Paul , Clarke Rohan H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTranslocation, the human‐mediated movement of organisms from one area to another, is a popular tool in conservation management. Wild‐caught individuals are more likely to persist following release than those sourced from captive breeding. However, this benefit of obtaining individuals from wild populations must be carefully weighed against the potential harm to the viability of source populations. In this structured review, we assess the peer‐reviewed primary literature that addresses wild‐sourced translocation programs. We aim to determine what proportion of studies make a priori estimates of the impact of harvesting on source populations, what proportion provide quantitative evidence of demographic trends in source populations following harvest, and which methods are being used to assess impacts of harvesting on source populations. Of 292 articles reviewed, we identified just 32 instances (11%) where impact on the source population was estimated. The proportion of studies that assess impacts on source populations in a given year has not increased over time. However, studies that make explicit a priori comparisons of alternative harvesting strategies are becoming more frequent. We propose a standardized framework for reporting on management of translocation source populations. Published summaries of wild‐sourced translocations should include clear conservation goals, a description of the methods used to assess potential impact, an a priori justification based on evidence for the chosen harvesting strategy, an estimated timeline for recovery and a summary of postremoval population trends to assess the efficacy of a priori impact assessment. Routinely reporting impacts of harvesting on source populations will inform management when source sustainability is uncertain, improve transparency and increase the likelihood of successful conservation for many threatened species.
Efficacy of canagliflozin versus metformin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, open‐label, noninferiority trial
Authors: Cai Meili , Shao Xiaowen , Xing Feng , Zhang Yuqin , Gao Xinyu , Zeng Qiongjing , Dilimulati Diliqingna , Qu Shen , Zhang Manna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the safety and efficacy of canagliflozin in comparison to metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with insulin resistance (IR).MethodsA single‐centre, prospective, randomized open‐label (ratio 1:1) noninferiority trial was conducted at the Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, between July 2019 and April 2021. Women aged 18 to 45 years with PCOS and IR were enrolled and randomly assigned to either 100 mg (n = 33) canagliflozin daily or 1500 to 2000 mg metformin daily (n = 35) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was changes in homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)‐IR after 12 weeks of treatment. The secondary outcomes included changes in anthropometric measurements, menstrual frequency, sex hormone levels, metabolic variables and body fat distribution.ResultsFor lowering of HOMA‐IR after 12 weeks of treatment, canagliflozin was found to be noninferior to metformin (least‐squares mean difference −0.81% [95% confidence interval −2.13 to 0.51]). Both canagliflozin and metformin significantly improved menstrual pattern, reduced body weight and total fat mass, and decreased triglyceride levels. Compared with metformin, canagliflozin had significant advantages in reducing uric acid and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels. Pruritus vulvae (9.09%) and gastrointestinal reaction (55.55%) were the main adverse events in the metformin group and canagliflozin group, respectively.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that canagliflozin was not inferior to metformin in PCOS patients with IR, which suggests that sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors should be considered as effective drugs in the treatment of PCOS patients with IR.
Efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in people with multiple sclerosis: a review
Authors: Hiew Shawn , Nguemeni Carine , Zeller Daniel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease causing a wide range of symptoms including motor and cognitive impairment, fatigue and pain. Over the last two decades, non‐invasive brain stimulation, especially transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), has increasingly been used to modulate brain function in various physiological and pathological conditions. However, its experimental applications for people with MS were noted only as recently as 2010 and have been growing since then. The efficacy for use in people with MS remains questionable with the results of existing studies being largely conflicting. Hence, the aim of this review is to paint a picture of the current state of tDCS in MS research grounded on studies applying tDCS that have been done to date.MethodsA keyword search was performed to retrieve articles from the earliest article identified until 14 February 2021 using a combination of the groups (1) ‘multiple sclerosis’, ‘MS’ and ‘encephalomyelitis’ and (2) ‘tDCS’ and ‘transcranial direct current stimulation’.ResultsThe analysis of the 30 articles included in this review underlined inconsistent effects of tDCS on the motor symptoms of MS based on small sample sizes. However, tDCS showed promising benefits in ameliorating fatigue, pain and cognitive symptoms.ConclusionTranscranial direct current stimulation is attractive as a non‐drug approach in ameliorating MS symptoms, where other treatment options remain limited. The development of protocols tailored to the individual's own neuroanatomy using high definition tDCS and the introduction of network mapping in the experimental designs might help to overcome the variability between studies.
The 5‐HT1A receptor agonist, 8‐OH‐DPAT, attenuates long‐lasting pain in imiquimod‐induced psoriasis in mice
Authors: Cervantes‐Durán Claudia , Avalos‐Viveros Miguel , Torner Luz , Sánchez‐Ceja Sandra‐Guadalupe , Rodríguez‐Orozco Alain‐Raimundo , Martínez‐Flores Héctor‐Eduardo , García‐Pérez Martha‐Estrella 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPsoriasis pain is a common symptom underestimated and rarely evaluated in psoriasis clinical trials. This work aimed to investigate whether the development of secondary chronic allodynia and hyperalgesia in the imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriasis mice model could be modulated by anti‐inflammatory agents and compound 48/80 (C48/80) and to determine whether the activation of 5‐HT1A receptor modulates these nociceptive behaviours. C57BL/6 male mice were treated with 5% IMQ for 7 days. The paw withdrawal responses to von Frey filaments (10 and 250 mN) were used to assess the allodynia and hyperalgesia. Nociceptive behaviours were also evaluated using ketorolac 15 mg/kg s.c., adalimumab 10 mg/kg s.c. and C48/80 10 mg/kg i.p. Then, the serum serotonin and the impact of 8‐OH‐DPAT (1 mg/kg s.c), a 5‐HT1A receptor agonist, on long‐lasting pain were examined. Mice receiving IMQ showed enhanced nociception, which decreased with all tested compounds. The serum serotonin in the IMQ group showed a significant decrease (947.042 ng/ml) regarding the control group (1143.68 ng/ml). The pretreatment with 8‐OH‐DPAT alleviated pain‐related behaviours. These results suggest that the long‐lasting pain resulting from psoriasis inflammation is also associated with the serotonergic system. The 5‐HT1A receptor should be further explored as a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis pain modulation.
Creep damage behaviors of red sandstone subjected to uniaxial compression after high‐temperature heat treatment using acoustic emission technology
Authors: Pan Xiaokang , Berto Filippo , Zhou Xiaoping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis work discusses the results from tests conducted to investigate the uniaxial compression and creep behavior of red sandstone. An original untreated sample and an 800°C treated sample were selected to carry out the experiments. High temperature had an obvious influence on the mechanical properties of the red sandstone. The relationship between creep strain and instantaneous strain, as well as the instantaneous deformation modulus and creep viscosity coefficient, was analyzed. High temperature reduced the ability of the red sandstone to resist instantaneous deformation and creep deformation. Acoustic emission (AE) technology was also used in the loading process of uniaxial compression and creep tests, providing a powerful means for damage evolutionary analysis of the red sandstone.
Properties of ammonia‐oxidising bacteria and archaea in a hypereutrophic urban river network
Authors: Cai Xianlei , Yao Ling , Wang Siyu , Hu Yuanyuan , Dahlgren Randy A. , Wang Zhenfeng , Deng Huanhuan , Liu Lizhen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Ammonia oxidation by ammonia‐oxidising archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) is the first and rate‐limiting step of nitrification. By providing substrate to the nitrogen–removing denitrification processes, nitrification is an important process for attenuation of allochthonous nitrogen loads in urban rivers, thereby mitigating eutrophication of downstream ecosystems. However, the relative importance of AOA and AOB communities in ammonia oxidation, the distribution and varied patterns of these groups and the underlying mechanisms have received limited study in hypereutrophic urban river networks.

To investigate spatial and temporal patterns of particle‐attached and free‐living ammonia‐oxidising microbial communities, we conducted a 2‐year study of four different water quality/habitat conditions within a hypereutrophic urban river network of eastern China. The structure and dynamics of ammonia‐oxidising microbial communities were determined by high‐throughput sequencing based on the AOA and AOB amoA gene.

We found significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity of ammonia‐oxidising microbial communities, but no significant differences between particle‐attached and free‐living fractions. Analysis revealed that changes in the diversity and composition of ammonia‐oxidising microbial communities were mainly related to substrate availability (e.g., ammonia, nitrite, dissolved oxygen). AOB communities were more complex and had a higher species richness and diversity compared with AOA communities.

Our findings indicate that high anthropogenic nitrogen loadings appear to promote higher ammonia‐oxidising microbial richness and diversity, and AOB are more adaptable to the hypereutrophic conditions, thereby playing a more important role than AOA in nitrogen transformations in hypereutrophic urban river networks.

This study highlights the importance of ammonia‐oxidising microorganisms in nutrient‐rich river systems and provides valuable insights into ammonia transport and transformations in urban river networks.
The representation of the Algerian War in French high school history textbooks
Authors: Mechkarini Sara 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBefore the 1980s, France's colonial past, and in particular the Algerian Independence War, featured among the blind spots of the official curriculum forlycéens– or high school students. Yet, with the publication of Pierre Assouline's article ‘Faut‐il brûler les manuels d'histoire?’ in 1983, critical voices started to call for the integration of controversial subjects such as the Algerian War and the Vichy Regime in the national history curriculum. Based on bibliographical research undertaken at theBibliothèque nationale de France, this paper investigates the extent to which the Algerian War of Independence has been present in French high school history textbooks published in the period between 1983 and 2017. It analyses the presence or absence of this theme inlycéesprogrammes, particularly at the final‐year level (classe de terminale). It also engages with the strategies of representation of the Algerian War, considering the relative absence of details in descriptions of the conflict and formulating possible reasons for this lack of engagement.
Well‐differentiated lipomatous neoplasms with p53 alterations: a clinicopathological and molecular study of eight cases with features of atypical pleomorphic lipomatous tumour
Authors: Hammer Phoebe M , Kunder Christian A , Howitt Brooke E , Charville Gregory W 
Published: November 2021

AimsWell‐differentiated lipomatous neoplasms encompass a broad spectrum of benign and malignant tumours, many of which are characterised by recurrent genetic abnormalities. Although a key regulator of p53 signalling, MDM2, is characteristically amplified in well‐differentiated liposarcoma, recurrent abnormalities of p53 itself have not been reported in well‐differentiated adipocytic neoplasms. Here, we present a series of well‐differentiated lipomatous tumours characterised by p53 alterations and histological features in keeping with atypical pleomorphic lipomatous tumour (APLT).Methods and resultsWe reviewed the morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic features of eight lipomatous tumours with p53 alterations. Four tumours arose in the thigh, and one case each arose in the shoulder, calf, upper back, and subclavicular regions; six tumours were deep/subfascial and two were subcutaneous. Relevant clinical history included two patients with Li–Fraumeni syndrome. Morphologically, all cases showed well‐differentiated adipocytes with prominent nuclear pleomorphism, limited mitotic activity, and no tumour cell necrosis. All cases were negative for MDM2 overexpression and amplification as determined with immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation, respectively. Immunohistochemically, p16 was diffusely overexpressed in all cases; seven tumours (88%) showed abnormal loss of Rb and p53. TP53 mutation or deletion was identified in four of six tumours evaluated with exon‐targeted hybrid capture‐based massively parallel sequencing; RB1 mutation or deletion was present in five of six cases.ConclusionsWe present a series of eight well‐differentiated lipomatous neoplasms characterised by p53 alterations in addition to Rb loss and histological features of APLT. These findings suggest that impaired p53 signalling may contribute to the pathogenesis of APLT in a subset of cases.
Standardizing HIV post‐exposure prophylaxis in the emergency department following sexual assault
Authors: Silva‐Nash Jennifer , Bordelon Stacie , Searcy Sherrie A. , Dare Ryan K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesA standardized non‐occupational post‐exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) programme was implemented to improve guideline compliance for treatment of post‐sexual assault patients within an emergency department (ED).MethodsA single‐centre, retrospective, observational study of adult patients evaluated in the ED for sexual assault was performed following nPEP programme implementation. A comprehensive nPEP programme consisting of a standardized order set, real‐time multidisciplinary consultation, on‐site pharmacy and close post‐discharge follow‐up was implemented between July 2017 and June 2018. Laboratory, treatment, vaccination, prescription and follow‐up data during the pre‐ (July 2016 to June 2017) and post‐intervention (July 2018 to August 2019) periods were compared.ResultsOf the 147 post‐sexual assault patients included in this study (59 pre‐intervention, 88 post‐intervention), 133 (90.5%) were eligible for nPEP. Patient demographics and rate of those eligible for nPEP were similar in both cohorts. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was offered (72.2% vs. 100%; p < 0.005) and ultimately prescribed (51.9% vs. 86.1%; p < 0.005) more frequently following nPEP programme implementation. Patients were more likely to have appropriate screening for renal function, liver function, pregnancy, syphilis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV in the post‐intervention period (all p < 0.005). Hepatitis B vaccination was more commonly administered post‐intervention (8.5% vs. 22.7%; p < 0.024). In‐person 28‐day follow‐up was rare in both pre‐ (3.5%) and post‐intervention (11.3%) cohorts (p = 0.278).ConclusionsImplementation of a comprehensive nPEP programme resulted in improved guideline compliance with more frequent and appropriate ART administration. Recommended screening laboratories and hepatitis B vaccinations were more commonly performed, but in‐person follow‐up remained low. The nPEP programmes should be implemented to standardize efforts that decrease the risk of HIV transmission.
The characteristics of men who have sex with men (MSM) using post‐exposure prophylaxis for sexual exposure (PEPSE) in the pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) era
Authors: Richardson Daniel , Nichols Kayleigh , Hughes Richard , Smith Hannah , Fitzpatrick Colin , Cresswell Fiona 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesHIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is now available in the UK. However, some men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to use HIV post‐exposure prophylaxis following sexual exposure (PEPSE) and are not using PrEP. It is important to characterize MSM having condomless anal sex who are not using PrEP.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional analysis, we compared the characteristics of MSM who used PEPSE in 2021 with MSM using PEPSE in 2017.ResultsOverall, 126 MSM used PEPSE in January to June 2017 and 28 MSM used PEPSE in January to June 2021, a 78% decline in PEPSE use. Those MSM using PEPSE in 2021 were significantly younger (27 vs. 35 years, p < 0.01), more likely to identify as black or from another minority ethnic group [29% (8/28) vs. 8% (10/126); p < 0.01], more likely to attend as a result of a group sex encounter [35% (10/28) vs. 16% (10/126); p = 0.03], more likely to attend following sex involving recreational drug use [32% (9/28) vs. 13% (16/126); p = 0.02], and more likely to initiate PEPSE in the emergency department [35% (10/28) vs. 19% (24/126); p = 0.04] compared with MSM attending in 2017. Those MSM using PEPSE in 2021 were significantly less likely to attend follow‐up appointments compared with the 2017 cohort [71% (20/28) vs. 87% (110/126); p < 0.05]. Ninety‐five per cent of MSM using PEPSE in 2021 were initiated on PrEP at follow‐up.ConclusionsDespite PrEP being readily available, some MSM continue using PEPSE and these MSM are significantly more likely to be younger, from black or minority ethnic groups, to engage in group sex involving recreational drugs and to attend the emergency department for PEPSE compared with MSM attending in 2017. Increasing the accessibility of PrEP for this group of MSM is important in order to optimize HIV prevention strategies.
Interchangeability of multiple Sysmex XN10 and XN20 modules for six types of leukocytes
Authors: Koch Sheila Perez Rovsing , Thomasen Isa Neimann , Nielsen Jesper Østrup , Philipsen Jens Peter , Smith Julie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionDifferential counts of leukocytes are frequent, and often several automated blood cell counters are needed in contemporary laboratories. However, these modules are often individually quality assured. Our aim was therefore to validate the interchangeability of five hematology modules in a large modern laboratory and to compare them with our gold standard (GS) manual white blood cell differential count.MethodsAt Copenhagen University Hospital, we compared five Sysmex XN‐modules for neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and immature granulocytes (IG). We analyzed control samples in three levels to evaluate intra‐ and intermodular precision. Bias between modules was evaluated by analyzing 93 random patient samples within reference intervals. XN‐modules’ mean counts were compared with GS.ResultsWe found acceptable intramodular CV% (0.92%–8.76%), only neutrophils and eosinophils exceeded state‐of‐the‐art imprecision or desirable specifications for medium control levels. Intermodular CV% showed significance difference for only monocytes (ANOVA, P < .0001). For patient samples, there were significant differences between XN‐modules regarding four WBC types (ANOVA); however, proportional bias ranged from 1.7% to 3.8%, being within desirable specifications except basophils and IG (bias = 13.3% and 24.9%, respectively). Comparisons with GS, XN‐modules exceeded desirable bias for basophils (lower than GS); monocytes and IG (higher than GS).ConclusionThis multimodule comparison shows acceptable intermodular imprecision and bias for clinical purposes, which is important for patient safety. Similar multimodule study should be performed with samples out of reference range in large‐scale laboratories to confirm the interchangeability.
Services procurement: A systematic literature review of practices and challenges
Authors: Heinis Stella , Bamford David , Papalexi Marina , Vafadarnikjoo Amin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrganizations are paying greater attention to the potential advantages that can be achieved by adopting a more strategic approach to the procurement of services. Despite services being very different from physical items in many respects, and despite their outsourcing having achieved limited gains, the procurement of services remains under‐researched. To address this challenge and develop a strategic platform for new directions in future research in the area, this paper undertakes a systematic literature review of 51 articles published in 21 peer‐reviewed academic journals. It reviews the applicability of supply theories to services sourcing, and compares and demonstrates the distinctiveness of services purchasing through problematizing the literature reviewed. A descriptive and thematic analysis concluded that services procurement can be classified into seven research domains: ‘service production’, ‘governance’, ‘purchasing approach’, ‘supplier selection’, ‘performance management’, ‘the service triad’ and ‘specification of requirements’. We offer a comparative framework of the services procurement process and emphasize different supply practices. The provided research directions assist scholars in identifying avenues for integrating and expanding existing knowledge.
Isolation of multipotent progenitor cells from pleura and pericardium for tracheal tissue engineering purposes
Authors: de Wit Rayna , Siddiqi Sailay , Tiemessen Dorien , Snabel Rebecca , Veenstra Gert Jan , Oosterwijk Egbert , Verhagen Ad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTissue engineering (TE) of long tracheal segments is conceptually appealing for patients with inoperable tracheal pathology. In tracheal TE, stem cells isolated from bone marrow or adipose tissue have been employed, but the ideal cell source has yet to be determined. When considering the origin of stem cells, cells isolated from a source embryonically related to the trachea may be more similar. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of isolating progenitor cells from pleura and pericard as an alternative cells source for tracheal tissue engineering. Porcine progenitor cells were isolated from pleura, pericard, trachea and adipose tissue and expanded in culture. Isolated cells were characterized by PCR, RNA sequencing, differentiation assays and cell survival assays and were compared to trachea and adipose‐derived progenitor cells. Progenitor‐like cells were successfully isolated and expanded from pericard and pleura as indicated by gene expression and functional analyses. Gene expression analysis and RNA sequencing showed a stem cell signature indicating multipotency, albeit that subtle differences between different cell sources were visible. Functional analysis revealed that these cells were able to differentiate towards chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. Isolation of progenitor cells from pericard and pleura with stem cell features is feasible. Although functional differences with adipose‐derived stem cells were limited, based on their gene expression, pericard‐ and pleura‐derived stem cells may represent a superior autologous cell source for cell seeding in tracheal tissue engineering.