bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of ocular disease during dupilumab treatment for atopic dermatitis: a bicentric retrospective comparative cohort study
Authors: Barbé Jordane , Poreaux Claire , Remen Thomas , Schoeffler Amélie , Cloché Véronique , Schmutz Jean‐Luc , Escobar Gabriela , Busztejn Anne‐Claire 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDupilumab is the first human monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Clinical trials have reported an increase of ocular side effects in patients who receive dupilumab, with a prevalence of 5–37%.ObjectiveTo compare the prevalence of ocular disease between AD patients receiving dupilumab treatment and AD reference group and to study the profile of the patients who developed ocular disease secondary to dupilumab treatment.MethodsEfficacy outcomes were collected both at baseline and at month 4 (M4). Presence of ocular disease was recorded at M4.ResultsData from 100 patients were examined. At M4, ocular disease was significantly more frequent in the dupilumab group (36% vs. 10%, P = 0.002). Severe allergic conjunctivitis and blepharitis were significantly more frequent in the dupilumab group (30% vs. 4%, P < 0.001, and 22% vs. 2%, P = 0.004, respectively). Six of 18 patients permanently discontinued therapy.ConclusionThis study observed a prevalence of 36% of ocular disease in AD patients treated with dupilumab. Additional studies are required to confirm the risk factors we found for dupilumab‐associated ocular disease and to identify new ones. Consultation with an ophthalmologist before the introduction of dupilumab might limit the occurrence of complications.
Efficacy of computerized cognitive training on improving cognitive functions of stroke patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhou Yuxin , Feng Haixia , Li Guohong , Xu Cuirong , Wu Yanping , Li Huimin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of computerized cognitive training on the cognitive functions of stroke patients.BackgroundWith increased publications on computerized cognitive training, a meta‐analysis is essential to determine the effects of computerized cognitive training among stroke patients.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled studies.Data SourcesCochrane Library, Pubmed, EBSCO, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc and Wanfang Database were explored to search for research studies from inception to January 2020.Review MethodsSix outcomes indicators were considered to determine the effects of computerized cognitive training. Two reviewers were selected to search and independently appraise the available articles from various databases. Meta‐analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 622 patients with 17 studies were included. Computerized cognitive training significantly improves global cognition, working memory, attention and executive function of stroke patients. However, there was inadequate evidence to demonstrate any effects of computerized cognitive training on activities of daily living and depression.ConclusionComputerized cognitive training improves the cognitive functions of stroke patients. However, further research studies are needed to confirm its efficacy in activities of daily living as well as on alleviating depression.
A nomogram prediction model for sternal incision problems
Authors: You Pan , Zhou Xin , He Ping , Zhang Jian , Mao Tongchun , Li Xiang , Wang Wei , Wen Renguo , Ma Ruiyan , Wang Shaoliang , Zhang Yiming , Xiao Yingbin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPresently, the incidence and mortality rates of sternal incision problems (SIPs) after thoracotomy remain high, and no effective preventive measures are available. The data on 23 182 patients at Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University treated with median sternotomy from 1 August 2009 to 31 July 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. A prediction model of SIPs after median thoracotomy was established using R software and then validated using the bootstrap method. Next, the validity and accuracy of the model were tested and evaluated. In total, 15 426 cases met the requirements of the present study, among which 309 cases were diagnosed with SIPs, with an incidence rate of 2%. The body mass index (BMI), intensive care unit (ICU) time, diabetes mellitus, and revision for bleeding were identified as independent risk factors for postoperative SIPs. The nomogram model achieved good discrimination (73.9%) and accuracy (70.2%) in predicting the risk of SIPs after median thoracotomy. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under curve of the model was 0.705 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.746‐0.803); the Hosmer‐Lemeshow test showed that χ2 = 6.987 and P = 0.538, and the fitting degree of the calibration curve was good. Additionally, the clinical decision curve showed that the net benefit of the model was greater than 0, and the clinical application value was high. The nomogram based on BMI, ICU time, diabetes mellitus, and revision for bleeding can predict the individualised risk of SIPs after median sternotomy, showing good discrimination and accuracy, and has high clinical application value. It also provides significant guidance for screening high‐risk populations and developing intervention strategies.
Fabrication and characterizations of Cr3+‐doped ZnGa2O4 transparent ceramics with persistent luminescence
Authors: Liu Qiang , Mao Xinyu , Li Xiaoying , Chen Penghui , Liu Xin , Liu Ziyu , Zhu Danyang , Chen Haohong , Xie Tengfei , Li Jiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract0.5 at.% Cr:ZnGa2O4 precursor was synthesized by the co‐precipitation method with nitrates as raw materials, using ammonium carbonate as the precipitant. Low‐agglomerated Cr:ZnGa2O4 powders with an average particle size of 43 nm were obtained by calcining the precursor at 900℃ for 4 h. Using the powders as starting materials, 0.5 at.% Cr:ZnGa2O4 ceramics with an average grain size of about 515 nm were prepared by presintering at 1150℃ for 5 h in air and HIP post‐treatment at 1100℃ for 3 h under 200 MPa Ar. The in‐line transmittance of 0.5 at.% Cr:ZnGa2O4 ceramics with a thickness of 1.3 mm reaches 59.5% at the wavelength of 700 nm. The Cr:ZnGa2O4 ceramics can be effectively excited by visible light and produce persistent luminescence at 700 nm. For Cr:ZnGa2O4 transparent ceramics, the brightness of afterglow was larger than 0.32 mcd/m2 after 30 min, which is far superior to that of Cr:ZnGa2O4 persistent luminescence powders.
Virulence and live vaccine potential of EdwardsiellapiscicidaphoP and phoQ mutants in catfish against edwardsiellosis
Authors: Sayed Mohamed , Ozdemir Ozan , Essa Manal , Olivier Alicia , Karsi Attila , Lawrence Mark L. , Abdelhamed Hossam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEdwardsiella piscicida is a Gram‐negative facultative intracellular bacterium causing edwardsiellosis in catfish, the largest aquaculture industry in the United States. A safe and effective vaccine is an urgent need to avoid economic losses associated with E. piscicida outbreaks. PhoP/PhoQ is a two‐component signal transduction system (TCS) that plays an important role in bacterial pathogenesis through sense and response to environmental and host stress signals. This study aimed to explore the contribution of PhoQ/PhoP in E. piscicida virulence and develop live attenuated vaccines against E. piscicida infection in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and hybrid catfish (channel catfish ♀ × blue catfish (I. furcatus) ♂). In the current study, two in‐frame deletion mutants were constructed by deleting phoP (ETAC_09785) and phoQ (ETAC_09790) genes in E. piscicida strain C07‐087, and the virulence and protection efficacy of the constructed strains were evaluated in catfish following intraperitoneal injection. Both EpΔphoP and EpΔphoQ strains had a delayed adaptation to oxidative stress (0.2% H2O2) compared to E. piscicida wild type. The EpΔphoP and EpΔphoQ mutants produced significantly less biofilm compared to wild‐type E. piscicida. Notably, EpΔphoP and EpΔphoQ mutants were significantly attenuated in channel catfish compared with wild‐type E. piscicida (6.63% and 4.17% versus 49.16% mortalities), and channel catfish vaccinated with EpΔphoP and EpΔphoQ were significantly protected (95.65% and 97.92% survival) against E. piscicida infection at 21 days post‐vaccination. In hybrid catfish, EpΔphoP was significantly more attenuated than EpΔphoQ, but EpΔphoQ provided significantly better protection than EpΔphoP. EpΔphoP and EpΔphoQ strains both induced specific antibodies in channel catfish against E. piscicida at 14 and 21 days post‐vaccination. This result indicated that EpΔphoP and EpΔphoQ mutants were safe and protective in channel catfish fingerlings, while EpΔphoP was safe in hybrid catfish. Our findings show that PhoP and PhoQ are required for adaptation to oxidative stress and biofilm formation and may help E. piscicida face tough environmental challenges; thus, functional PhoP and PhoQ are critical for a successful infection.
Decreasing perceived risk associated with regular cannabis use among older adults in the United States from 2015 to 2019
Authors: Han Benjamin H. , Funk‐White Makaya , Ko Roxanne , Al‐Rousan Tala , Palamar Joseph J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground/objectivesCannabis use among older adults is increasing sharply in the United States. While the risks and benefits of cannabis use remain unclear, it is important to monitor risk factors for use, including low perception of harm. The objective of this study was to estimate recent national trends in perceived risk associated with cannabis use among older adults.DesignTrend analysis.Setting/participantsA total of 18,794 adults aged 65 and older participating in the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a cross‐sectional nationally representative survey of non‐institutionalized individuals in the United States.MeasurementsWe estimated the prevalence of older adults who believe that people who smoke cannabis once or twice a week are at great risk of harming themselves physically and in other ways. This was examined across cohort years and stratified by demographic characteristics, diagnosis of chronic disease, past‐month tobacco and binge alcohol use, and all‐cause emergency department use.ResultsBetween 2015 and 2019, perceived risk associated with regular use decreased from 52.6% to 42.7%, an 18.8% relative decrease (p < 0.001). Decreases in perceived risk were detected in particular among those never married (a 32.6% relative decrease), those who binge drink (a 31.3% relative decrease), use tobacco (a 26.8% relative decrease), have kidney disease (a 32.1% relative decrease), asthma (a 31.7% relative decrease), heart disease (a 16.5% relative decrease), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (a 21.5% relative decrease), two or more chronic conditions (a 20.2% relative decrease), and among those reporting past‐year emergency department use (a 21.0% relative decrease) (ps < 0.05).ConclusionsThe perceived risk of regular cannabis use is decreasing among older adults. We detected sharp decreases in risk perception among those with chronic disease and high‐risk behaviors, including tobacco and binge alcohol use. As the number of older adults who use cannabis increases, efforts are needed to raise awareness of the possible adverse effects with special emphasis on vulnerable groups.
Does oxidative stress correlate with disease activity and severity in alopecia areata? An analytical study
Authors: Sachdeva Soumya , Khurana Ananta , Goyal Parul , Sardana Kabir 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundOxidative stress (OS) has been implicated as a contributory factor in the multifactorial etiopathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA). But with the existing data, it is unclear whether OS is a cause or effect of the disease state in Alopecia areata.AimsTo compare the OS parameters viz.malon‐di‐aldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant status (TAS) in serum of patients with alopecia areata versus age and sex matched controls, and assess their correlation with the severity of the disease.Patients/MethodsForty clinically diagnosed patients of alopecia areata and forty (n = 40) age and sex‐matched healthy controls were recruited. ELISA was used for the evaluation of MDA, and spectrophotometric method was used to evaluate serum TAS and whole blood SOD.ResultsMean serum TAS and whole blood SOD levels of cases were significantly lower than controls (p = 0.005 and p = 0.002, respectively). Mean serum MDA level of patients was significantly higher compared to controls (p = 0.001). While levels of serum TAS and whole blood SOD were found to decrease from mild to severe grades of disease (p = 0.003, p < 0.001 respectively), levels of MDA increased with increasing disease severity (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe OS parameters were deranged in all subsets of AA, with the greatest derangement seen with whole blood SOD levels.
Comparison of death and survival cervical necrotizing fasciits cases
Authors: Sizer Bilal , Yılmaz Ümit , Kınış Vefa , Yorgancılar Argün Ediz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCervical Necrotizing Fasciitis (CNF) is associated with a high mortality rate. The occurrence of mediastinitis with CNF may increase mortality up to 70%.AimsWe aimed to identify the differences between surviving and deceased cases.MethodsThe present study was conducted retrospectively by scanning the files of 16 patients between the ages of 19–71 who were diagnosed with CNF. Patients were divided into two groups as the surviving patient group (SPG) and the deceased patient group (DPG). Both groups were compared in terms of age, gender, Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRİNEC) score, duration of symptom onset to hospital admission, use of antibiotherapy prior to admission, duration of hospitalization, presence of diabetes mellitus (DM), presence of dental etiology, mediastinitis, and respiratory distress at the time of admission.ResultsDiabetes mellitus was the most common comorbid disease. 5 out of 7 deceased patients had DM. Dental events were the most common etiology. Rapid surgical debridement and airway management was the first treatment method. The most frequently isolated species in the culture was Streptococcus. 6 of 11 patients who developed mediastinitis deceased at the end of the process.ConclusionDental pathologies mostly play a role in the etiology. It is obvious that dentists, another occupational group that frequently encounters this patient group, have a critical role in this process. Therefore, precise attention should be given to dental problems in patients with diabetes, and hospitalization and initiation of broad‐spectrum antibiotherapy should be considered in case of suspicion of deep neck infection.
Histopathological examination of the curettage material in nonviable pregnancies and evaluation of the frequency of hydatidiform mole
Authors: Dagdeviren Gulsah , Cevher Funda , Cendek Busra , Erkaya Salim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe study aimed to determine the frequency of possible missed diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease in nonviable pregnancies and to evaluate the importance of histopathological examination.MethodsIn this retrospective study, the results of the histopathological assessment of patients undergoing uterine surgery with a diagnosis of nonviable pregnancy were analyzed before 14 weeks of gestation. Nonviable pregnancy was defined as anembryonic pregnancy and intrauterine exitus (IU‐ex) based on ultrasound findings. The frequency and sonographic characteristics of molar pregnancy in nonviable pregnancy were analyzed.ResultsMolar pregnancy was detected in 24 (1.62%) of 1481 patients diagnosed with nonviable pregnancy on ultrasound. One thousand one hundred and twenty‐one of the cases were IU‐ex (75.69%) and the remaining were anembryonic pregnancy (24.31%). The mean crown‐rump length of pregnancies in the IU‐ex group was 16.7 mm and the mean gestational age was 8 weeks. The average gestational sac diameter was found to be 26 mm in anembryonic pregnancy patients. The hydatidiform mole ratio was significantly higher in anembryonic pregnancy patients (3.06%) than in IU‐ex patients (1.16%) (p = 0.013).ConclusionsThe appearance of early molar pregnancy on ultrasound evaluation may mimic anembryonic pregnancies. Therefore, histopathological examination of anembryonic pregnancies may be useful in early diagnosis and for the treatment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.
Impact of major depression and antidepressant use on alcoholic and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A population‐based study
Authors: Shaheen Abdel Aziz , Kaplan Gilaad G. , Sharkey Keith A. , Lethebe Brendan Cord , Swain Mark G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsThe effect of major depression and antidepressant use on patient survival in chronic liver disease is unknown. We evaluated the impact of major depressive disorder (MDD) and antidepressants on survival among patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsThe Health Improvement Network database, the largest medical database in the United Kingdom, was used to identify incident ALD (n = 4148) and NAFLD (n = 19 053) in patients between 1986 and 2017. Our primary outcome was development of decompensated cirrhosis or death. MDD and each class of antidepressants were assessed in multivariate Cox proportional hazards models as time‐varying covariates. Models were adjusted for age, sex, socio‐economic status and comorbidities.ResultsMDD rate was higher among patients with ALD (22.8%) compared to those with NAFLD (16.1%), P < .01. Antidepressant usage was common in patients with ALD (47.4%) and NAFLD (40.8%). After adjusting for covariates, MDD (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.63‐1.02 for NAFLD; and AHR 1.01, 0.88‐1.15 for ALD) was not associated with improved decompensated cirrhosis‐free survival. The antidepressant mirtazapine was associated with worse decompensated cirrhosis‐free survival among NAFLD (AHR 2.16, 95% CI: 1.32‐3.52) and ALD (AHR 1.53, 1.09‐2.15) cohorts. Similarly, mirtazapine was associated with mortality in both cohorts.ConclusionsMDD was not associated with worse outcomes for ALD or NAFLD. Mirtazapine was associated with an increased risk of decompensated cirrhosis or death, which was not observed with other antidepressants. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Endemic mycoses: Expansion of traditional geographic ranges and pitfalls in management
Authors: Thompson George R. , Pasqualotto Alessandro C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe endemic mycoses are a diverse group of environmental fungi that share several characteristics. Pitfalls in the recognition and management of endemic fungal infections are common. A general understanding of common presenting manifestations and their lingering effects is of paramount importance to the treating physician. We review the unmet needs of recently published guidelines and outline future areas of research.
Trends in Pediatric MRI sedation/anesthesia at a tertiary medical center over time
Authors: Vinson Amy E. , Peyton James , Kordun Anna , Staffa Steven J. , Cravero Joseph 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundEach year, hundreds of thousands of children require sedation/anesthesia to facilitate MRI scans. Anesthetic techniques for accomplishing sedation/anesthesia vary widely between institutions and providers, with unclear implications for patient safety.AimsWe sought to establish trends in anesthetic practice for pediatric MRI sedation/anesthesia across a 7‐year period and determine rates of adverse events, considering technique used, age, and ASA physical classification status (ASA‐PS).MethodsUsing established data resources, we analyzed 24 052 anesthetics performed by anesthesiologists for MRI scans between 5/1/2013 and 12/31/2019 on patients less than 18 years old, focusing on medications used, trends of use, and associated adverse events. Adverse events (hypoxia, hypotension, bradycardia) were defined by deviation from age norms and accessed via the electronic anesthetic record database. The Cochran‐Armitage test was used to assess trends over time in categorical data, and one‐way ANOVA was used to analyze continuous data. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was implemented to determine the independent associations between anesthetic technique and adverse events while adjusting for age, ASA‐PS, and weight.ResultsThe most significant trends noted were a decrease in “propofol‐only” anesthetic techniques and an increase in propofol and dexmedetomidine combination techniques. Mild desaturation (80–89% SpO2) occurred in 4.22% of cases with more significant hypoxia much rarer (0.44% of cases having desaturation <70% SpO2). Bradycardia occurred in 2.39% of cases and hypotension in 1.75% of cases. Major adverse events were rare.ConclusionsWe provide the largest report of the nature of MRI sedation/anesthesia as practiced by anesthesiologists in a large children's hospital. We demonstrate that, even in a large system, anesthetic techniques are pliable and shift significantly over time. Our data also support a high level of safety within our system, despite a case mix likely higher in risk than those in most of the previously published studies.
BIN2 negatively regulates plant defence against Verticillium dahliae in Arabidopsis and cotton
Authors: Song Yun , Zhai Yaohua , Li Linxuan , Yang Zhaoen , Ge Xiaoyang , Yang Zuoren , Zhang Chaojun , Li Fuguang , Ren Maozhi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVerticillium wilt is caused by the soil‐borne vascular pathogen Verticillium dahliae, and affects a wide range of economically important crops, including upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Previous studies showed that expression levels of BIN2 were significantly down‐regulated during infestation with V. dahliae. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of BIN2 in plant regulation against V. dahliae remains enigmatic. Here, we characterized a protein kinase GhBIN2 from Gossypium hirsutum, and identified GhBIN2 as a negative regulator of resistance to V. dahliae. The Verticillium wilt resistance of Arabidopsis and cotton were significantly enhanced when BIN2 was knocked down. Constitutive expression of BIN2 attenuated plant resistance to V. dahliae. We found that BIN2 regulated plant endogenous JA content and influenced the expression of JA‐responsive marker genes. Further analysis revealed that BIN2 interacted with and phosphorylated JAZ family proteins, key repressors of the JA signalling pathway in both Arabidopsis and cotton. Spectrometric analysis and site‐directed mutagenesis showed that BIN2 phosphorylated AtJAZ1 at T196, resulting in the degradation of JAZ proteins. Collectively, these results show that BIN2 interacts with JAZ proteins and plays a negative role in plant resistance to V. dahliae. Thus, BIN2 may be a potential target gene for genetic engineering against Verticillium wilt in crops.