bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political connections, political corruption and auditing: a literature review
Authors: Khelil Imen , Khlif Hichem , Amara Ines 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Given the interest in better understanding the economic effects of political connections and political corruption on auditor behavior, this paper aims to review empirical studies in the accounting and finance domain dealing with these topics.

Design/methodology/approach
Keywords used to search for relevant studies include “political connections or political corruption” with “audit fees, audit report lag, audit independence and audit opinion.” This paper consults several editorial sources including Elsevier, Electronic Journals Service Elton B. Stephens Company, Emerald, Springer, Palgrave Macmillan, Sage, Taylor and Francis and Wiley-Blackwell. The search yields 16 published studies since 2006.

Findings
The review reveals that the majority of studies dealing with the economic effect of political connections are conducted in an Asian setting. Political connections increase the likelihood of receiving a favorable audit opinion and they are associated with higher audit fees longer audit delays. However, they can compromise auditor independence. Studies dealing with the economic consequences of political corruption on auditing are mostly based in the US setting. The findings of the reviewed studies suggest that political corruption is associated with higher audit fees, longer audit delays and increases the likelihood of receiving a going concern audit opinion.

Practical implications
The synthesis suggests that political connections can adversely (compromise auditor independence) or beneficially (reduce the likelihood of issuing a going concern audit opinion) impact auditor behavior depending on the legal, institutional and cultural characteristics prevailing in a particular setting. Political corruptions increase audit assessed risks leading to a higher probability of issuing a going concern audit opinion and increased audit effort (audit fees and audit delays). It should be noted here that the literature linked to political corruption and auditor behavior is still in its infancy and much remains to be learnt if this stream of research is examined outside the US setting.

Originality/value
The review discusses the political connections and political corruption literature specifically devoted to auditor behavior. It identifies some limitations of this literature and offers guidance for future research avenues.
The effect of children’s facial expressions in eliciting benevolent behavior for child sponsorships versus one-time donations
Authors: Jang Hyunkyu 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the influence of personal distress on donor choice of happy- or sad-faced child in two donation contexts, monetary donations and child sponsorships.

Design/methodology/approach
This research conducted two experimental studies, in which participants chose a child to benefit out of eight needy children.

Findings
More people chose sad-faced children than happy-faced children in monetary donations, whereas in child sponsorships, the preference for sad-faced over happy-faced children disappeared: people chose happy-faced children as often as they chose sad-faced children.

Originality/value
This research distinguishes between two types of personal distress, experienced and anticipated distress, explaining why donor choices of child differ between monetary donations (where only experienced distress is present) and child sponsorships (where both experienced and anticipated distress are present).
Understanding knowledge hiding in the context of virtual workplaces
Authors: Choudhary Suman , Mishra Kirti 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the implications of virtual work arrangements on employee knowledge hiding (KH) behaviour and the different strategies of KH used by employees in these arrangements.

Design/methodology/approach
Following a grounded theory approach to understanding KH, 21 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with employees engaged in virtual working setups. The data collected from these informants were then analysed using qualitative methods.

Findings
The study revealed that virtual work arrangements increase employee KH behaviour because of three reasons: ease of hiding, digital burnout and loss of control. Further, the study found that rationalized hiding is the most commonly adopted strategy by employees engaged in virtual work arrangements, while inclinations towards evasive hiding strategy decrease in this arrangement.

Originality/value
This is the first study in knowledge management literature that seeks to explain KH in the virtual work context.
Antecedents and outcomes of enterprise social network usage within UK higher education
Authors: Kazemian Shakiba , Grant Susan B. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors influencing knowledge sharing on enterprise social network (ESN) use behaviour among academic staff in universities, using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) as the underlying research framework

Design/methodology/approach
A conceptual framework was created by extending the UTAUT by incorporating three additional factors, namely, feature value (FV), relationship expectancy (RE) and professional benefits. A quantitative approach based on the survey was used to collect data from 254 academic staff. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling.

Findings
The result indicated significant differences around factors influencing both consumptive and contributive usage patterns within ESNs. These factors suggest more contributive than consumptive use.

Research limitations/implications
Future research should consider a longitudinal study focusing on the change in ESN use behaviour among academic staff and the fundamental aspects influencing this change.

Originality/value
This study extends the UTAUT model by incorporating three additional factors: FV, RE and professional benefits, to study ESN use behaviour in a higher education context. This study has significantly modified UTAUT to include the dynamic nature of ESN usage.
Hi‐C scaffolded short‐ and long‐read genome assemblies of the California sea lion are broadly consistent for syntenic inference across 45 million years of evolution
Authors: Peart Claire R. , Williams Christina , Pophaly Saurabh D. , Neely Benjamin A. , Gulland Frances M. D. , Adams David J. , Ng Bee Ling , Cheng William , Goebel Michael E. , Fedrigo Olivier , Haase Bettina , Mountcastle Jacquelyn , Fungtammasan Arkarachai , Formenti Giulio , Collins Joanna , Wood Jonathan , Sims Ying , Torrance James , Tracey Alan , Howe Kerstin , Rhie Arang , Hoffman Joseph I. , Johnson Jeremy , Jarvis Erich D. , Breen Matthew , Wolf Jochen B. W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith the advent of chromatin‐interaction maps, chromosome‐level genome assemblies have become a reality for a wide range of organisms. Scaffolding quality is, however, difficult to judge. To explore this gap, we generated multiple chromosome‐scale genome assemblies of an emerging wild animal model for carcinogenesis, the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Short‐read assemblies were scaffolded with two independent chromatin interaction mapping data sets (Hi‐C and Chicago), and long‐read assemblies with three data types (Hi‐C, optical maps and 10X linked reads) following the “Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP)” pipeline. In both approaches, 18 major scaffolds recovered the karyotype (2n = 36), with scaffold N50s of 138 and 147 Mb, respectively. Synteny relationships at the chromosome level with other pinniped genomes (2n = 32–36), ferret (2n = 34), red panda (2n = 36) and domestic dog (2n = 78) were consistent across approaches and recovered known fissions and fusions. Comparative chromosome painting and multicolour chromosome tiling with a panel of 264 genome‐integrated single‐locus canine bacterial artificial chromosome probes provided independent evaluation of genome organization. Broad‐scale discrepancies between the approaches were observed within chromosomes, most commonly in translocations centred around centromeres and telomeres, which were better resolved in the VGP assembly. Genomic and cytological approaches agreed on near‐perfect synteny of the X chromosome, and in combination allowed detailed investigation of autosomal rearrangements between dog and sea lion. This study presents high‐quality genomes of an emerging cancer model and highlights that even highly fragmented short‐read assemblies scaffolded with Hi‐C can yield reliable chromosome‐level scaffolds suitable for comparative genomic analyses.
Life after an out‐of‐home placement: What biological parents in foster care tell us about parenthood
Authors: Said Salem Ruwayda , Wilde Lieselot De 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMultiple attempts have been made to address the perspectives of biological parents in cases of foster care. Despite this, there is a lack of research that adequately reflects these parents' perspectives on parenthood following an out‐of‐home placement. In addition, Western welfare systems tend to be primarily concerned with the rights of children and their foster parents. As we know little about how parenthood takes shape in the day‐to‐day practice of foster care, this study addresses what can be a possible (new) role for biological parents when an out‐of‐home placement is required. Qualitative research was performed by means of an interview guide, divided in (sub)themes, with 13 biological parents whose children were still in foster care. The thematic analysis of the interviews revealed three main topics: the sudden entry into foster care, the foster care process and feeling like a parent. Our analysis revealed that parents, despite their own reservations or objections about foster care, tend to commemorate or redefine their parenting role after their child(ren) have been placed out of home.
Evaluation of the corneal endothelium by specular microscopy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Songur Murat Serkan , İntepe Yavuz Selim , Bayhan Seray Aslan , Bayhan Hasan Ali , Çiftçi Bülent 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the corneal endothelium in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using a specular microscope.MethodsThe right eyes of 64 patients with a COPD diagnosis and 65 healthy individuals were evaluated. Cell density (CD) (cell/mm2), corneal thickness (CT) (μ), hexagonal cell ratio (%), and coefficient of variation (cell area standard deviation/mean cell area, μm2) were analyzed by specular microscopy (SM).ResultsThe CT was significantly reduced in the COPD group compared with the control group (P = 0.021). Moreover, a significant difference was found between the COPD group and the control group in terms of corneal endothelial CD (P = 0.011), hexagonal cell ratio (P = 0.008), and coefficient of variation (P = 0.012).ConclusionThe corneal endothelial structure was significantly deteriorated in patients with COPD compared with the control group. SM is a valuable method that could be used in treatment and follow‐up of corneal endothelium in patients with COPD.
Path transplantation: How to use the power of irrigation – a case study of the photovoltaic industry in China
Authors: He Canfei , Zhang Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPath transplantation, as an essential type of path creation, brings in external knowledge, technology, skilled individuals, and foreign capital, which enables developing regions to catch up with more developed ones through leap‐forward development. However, most economic geography studies have focused on path branching and diversification of new industries, which are more common in developed regions. This study adjusts the canonical four‐phase framework based on previous studies to analyse the impact of various forces on path transplantation phase by phase. Two main types of forces, “soil conditions” and “irrigation measures,” jointly impact the evolutionary path of transplantation. Their influences vary in different phases. Irrigation measures help in attracting new industry and increasing efficiency of transplantation. However, as new industry grows up and moves to the maturation phase, the impact of irrigation is limited due to increasing rigidification, and soil conditions, especially technological relatedness and innovation, play more important roles. Thus, the best time to intervene is in the embryo and rooting phases and the impacts will be increasingly positive through reinforcement in the irreversible trajectory. This framework is employed to analyse the development of the photovoltaic industry in China. The empirical results prove the importance of irrigation measures, especially government support in the early stages. This provides regions with an opportunity to strategically intervene in path transplantation and promote new industries.
Responses of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages to stand characteristics and landscape structure in riparian poplar forests
Authors: Wang Binli , Tian Chengming , Liang Yingmei , Liu Weihang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Many carabid beetles are among the most important biocontrol agents and are biological indicators of environmental change, although relatively little is known about how local and landscape factors affect forest ground beetle assemblages. Understanding such effects of multi‐scale environmental drivers on ground beetles can promote carabid diversity and conservation.
Ground beetles were sampled by pitfall trapping in 40 poplar forest stands (sampling plots) along the Irtysh River in Northwestern China. We investigated responses of carabid activity density, species diversity and functional diversity (FD) to stand characteristics and surrounding landscape structure (the overall diversity and percentage cover of vegetation productivity classes in the surrounding area of each sampling plot based on normalised difference vegetation index).
While carabid activity density only responded positively to the overall diversity of vegetation productivity classes, carabid species diversity was positively associated with this landscape factor as well as vegetation cover but negatively associated with the nearest distance from sampling plot to the river. Only carabid FD responded significantly to percentage cover of vegetation productivity classes, showing a positive correlation with the proportion of medium vegetation productivity. Furthermore, overall carabid FD declined with increasing tree canopy cover.
Our results can help predicting spatial patterns of ground beetles according to landscape diversity and proportions of surrounding vegetation types and improve the design of conservation strategies (such as altering canopy cover) of carabids, especially forest specialist species. Any forest management strategies for promoting carabid diversity should consider the pervasive effects of landscape composition and configuration besides local stand characteristics.
Proteopathic lesions in the brain of a super‐aged chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Iwaide Susumu , Yanai Tokuma , Murakami Tomoaki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe brain of a chimpanzee estimated to be 68 years old, the oldest reported so far, has been examined. Pathological analyses revealed the formation of mild tau‐positive neuritic clusters and cytoplasmic α‐synuclein aggregates, in addition to severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy and diffuse plaques, but no tangle lesions were observed.
A Comparison of Zika Virus and COVID‐19: Clinical Overview and Public Health Messaging
Authors: McBroom Kelly 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrenatal exposure to the Zika virus (ZIKV) is associated with a significant risk of neurological impairment for infants. ZIKV serves as a cautionary model with significant parallels to the current coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. A limited literature search was performed to compare and contrast the clinical and psychosocial aspects of infection with ZIKV and COVID‐19. There are significant parallels between ZIKV disease and COVID‐19 in terms of limited diagnostic techniques, therapeutics, and prognostic uncertainties. Both infections are associated with a significant risk of adverse outcomes for either the pregnant individual or the fetus. Existing social and economic inequalities amplify the risk burden of ZIKV disease and COVID‐19 in vulnerable communities. Although each pathogen has unique features, there are underlying common principles with regard to the recognition, communication, and mitigation of risk of infection. Misinformation spread by social media platforms has undermined public health efforts and patient adoption of recommended mitigation strategies. Health care providers can provide partnership, social support, and evidence‐based information to enhance health‐seeking behaviors, thereby minimizing the risks for pregnant and reproductive‐aged persons.
Loss of immobilized water and intense protein aggregation responsible for quality deterioration of ready to eat firm tofu
Authors: Ye Tao , Chen Xing , Chen Zhina , Liu Rui , Zhang Peipei , Yu Qi , Lu Jianfeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe influence of high‐temperature treatment (100–120°C, 15 min) on the texture, color, and water‐holding capacity of tofu gels was investigated. As the temperature increasing, the hardness and chewiness as well as the values of redness a and yellowness b increased gradually, while the water content and the lightness L value reduced progressively, and these variations were more pronounced at 115 or 120°C. Low field nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the loss of T22 water led to the decrease of the water content. Scanning electron microscope revealed that the micropore in gels decreased after heating, and almost entirely disappeared at 120°C. Further analysis by SDS‐PAGE indicated the soy protein aggregation formed via disulfide linkage was observed in the thermal treated tofu gels, and nondisulfide linkage might also be occurred as temperature reached 110°C or higher. The quality deterioration may be attributed to immobilized water loss combined with the protein aggregation.
Experiences of compassion among family carers of older adults: Qualitative content analysis of survey free‐text comments
Authors: Murfield Jenny , Moyle Wendy , O’Donovan Analise 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo provide qualitative insight into the experiences of compassion (to self, to others and from others) among family carers of older adults by exploring the written responses provided within a cross‐sectional survey that asked about carers’ levels of compassion, mindfulness, emotion regulation, coping strategies and psychological health.MethodsFamily carers of adults aged ≥65 years from around the world completed the survey between July and December 2019. To provide carers with an opportunity to describe experiences in their own words and expand on issues beyond the limits of closed‐response items, the survey included eight free‐text boxes. These appeared after each self‐report measure and at the end of the survey. From a total of 127 carers providing 504 written responses, inductive qualitative content analysis identified and evaluated 245 comments from 105 family carers’ that were about their experiences of compassion (to self, to others and from others).ResultsSome family carers perceived a lack of compassion, both for themselves and from others, and several barriers to carers’ openness to receiving compassion were identified. Factors influencing carers’ compassion to others in general included how carers were feeling themselves, the person it was directed towards and the situation. Within the caregiving relationship specifically, this included care recipients’ level of need and behaviour.ConclusionsFindings provide qualitative understanding about family carers’ realities of compassion (to self, to others and from others) within their role and highlight the applicability and warranted focus of compassion‐based approaches within family caregiving research and practice.
Numerical Analysis of Flow Behavior in Gas–Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (GLCC©) Separators With Inlet Design Modifications
Authors: Kolla Srinivas Swaroop , Mohan Ram S. , Shoham Ovadia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Gas–Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (GLCC©) is a simple, compact, and low-cost separator, which provides an economically attractive alternative to conventional gravity-based separators over a wide range of applications. More than 6500 GLCC©’s have been installed in the field to date around the world over the past two decades. The GLCC© inlet section design is a key parameter, which is crucial for its performance and proper operation. The flow behavior in the GLCC© body is highly dependent on the fluid velocities generated at the reduced area nozzle inlet. An earlier study (Kolla et al., 2017, “Structural Integrity Analysis of GLCC© Separator Inlet,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol., 140(5), p. 052905) recommended design modifications to the inlet section, based on safety and structural robustness. It is important to ensure that these proposed configuration modifications do not adversely affect the flow behavior at the inlet and the overall performance of the GLCC©. This paper presents a numerical study utilizing specific GLCC© field applications working under three different case studies representing the flow entering the GLCC, separating light oil, steam flooded wells in Minas, Indonesia. Commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software is utilized to analyze the hydrodynamics of flow with the proposed modifications of the inlet section for GLCC© field applications.
Reliability and Maintainability Strategies for Repairable Systems in a Mass Transit Rolling Stock Subway
Authors: Alencar Aercio Regis 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A collection of reliability engineering studies, over a period of 13 years, on a large series of, non-structural, repairable components, of a Subway Revenue Fleet show that a greater proportion of the items examined exposed Non-Ageing related failure patterns over its “In-Service” cycles. These results of In-service incursions, modeled by the use of probability distributions widely used in lifetime series analysis, revealed wear out patterns in agreement with studies in aircraft and ship fleets, as documented in Nowlan & Heap Reliability Report for UAL 1968, Broberg 1973 and MSP 1982 [1]. Remarkably, the distinctiveness of patterns which allow for the characterization of Age-Related from Non-Ageing related failure distributions provide a strategic decision making framework for component maintainability and engineering performance optimization within Rolling Stock Subway Maintenance Operations [14]. We propose to consider the study results a novel practical quantitative confirmation of the original Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) [1], Failure Patterns, in Mass Transit Rail Rolling Stock.