bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systems biology of resurrection plants
Authors: Gechev Tsanko , Lyall Rafe , Petrov Veselin , Bartels Dorothea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlant species that exhibit vegetative desiccation tolerance can survive extreme desiccation for months and resume normal physiological activities upon re-watering. Here we survey the recent knowledge gathered from the sequenced genomes of angiosperm and non-angiosperm desiccation-tolerant plants (resurrection plants) and highlight some distinct genes and gene families that are central to the desiccation response. Furthermore, we review the vast amount of data accumulated from analyses of transcriptomes and metabolomes of resurrection species exposed to desiccation and subsequent rehydration, which allows us to build a systems biology view on the molecular and genetic mechanisms of desiccation tolerance in plants.
Characterisation of enterovirus RNA detected in the pancreas and other specimens of live patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes in the DiViD study
Authors: Oikarinen Sami , Krogvold Lars , Edwin Bjørn , Buanes Trond , Korsgren Olle , Laiho Jutta E. , Oikarinen Maarit , Ludvigsson Johnny , Skog Oskar , Anagandula Mahesh , Frisk Gun , Hyöty Heikki , Dahl-Jørgensen Knut 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The Diabetes Virus Detection (DiViD) study is the first study to laparoscopically collect pancreatic tissue and purified pancreatic islets together with duodenal mucosa, serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and stools from six live adult patients (age 24–35 years) with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. The presence of enterovirus (EV) in the pancreatic islets of these patients has previously been reported.

Methods
In the present study we used reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and sequencing to characterise EV genomes present in different tissues to understand the nature of infection in these individuals.

Results
All six patients were found to be EV-positive by RT-qPCR in at least one of the tested sample types. Four patients were EV-positive in purified islet culture medium, three in PBMCs, one in duodenal biopsy and two in stool, while serum was EV-negative in all individuals. Sequencing the 5′ untranslated region of these EVs suggested that all but one belonged to enterovirus B species. One patient was EV-positive in all these sample types except for serum. Sequence analysis revealed that the virus strain present in the isolated islets of this patient was different from the strain found in other sample types. None of the islet-resident viruses could be isolated using EV-permissive cell lines.

Conclusions/interpretation
EV RNA can be frequently detected in various tissues of patients with type 1 diabetes. At least in some patients, the EV strain in the pancreatic islets may represent a slowly replicating persisting virus.

Graphical abstract
An empirical study on stress-based fail-safe topology optimization and multiple load path design
Authors: Kranz Micah , Lüdeker Julian K. , Kriegesmann Benedikt 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExplicitly considering fail-safety within design optimization is computationally very expensive, since every possible failure has to be considered. This requires solving one finite element model per failure and iteration. In topology optimization, one cannot identify potentially failing structural members at the beginning of the optimization. Hence, a generic failure shape is applied to every possible location inside the design domain. In the current paper, the maximum stress is considered as optimization objective to be minimized, since failure is typically driven by the occurring stresses and thus of more practical relevance than the compliance. Due to the local nature of stresses, it is presumed that the optimization is more sensitive to the choice of the failure shape than compliance-based optimization. Therefore, various failure shapes, sizes and different numbers of failure cases are investigated and compared on the basis of a general load-path-based evaluation scheme. Instead of explicitly considering fail-safety, redundant structures are obtained at much less computational cost by controlling the maximum length scale. A common and easy to implement maximum length scale approach is employed and fail-safe properties are determined and compared against the explicit fail-safe approach.
Significant differences in rates of aseptic loosening between two variations of a popular total knee arthroplasty design
Authors: Brown Michael , Ramasubbu Rohan , Jenkinson Mark , Doonan James , Blyth Mark , Jones Bryn 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The NexGen Legacy Posterior Stabilised (LPS) prosthesis (Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA) has augmentable and non-augmentable tibial baseplate options. We have noted an anecdotal increase in the number of cases requiring early revision for aseptic loosening since adopting the non-augmentable option. The purpose of this study was to ascertain our rates of aseptic tibial loosening for the two implant types within five years of implantation and to investigate the causes for any difference observed.

Methods
A database search was performed for all patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using the NexGen LPS between 2009 and 2015. Kaplan–Meier curves were plotted to assess for differences in revision rates between cohorts. We collected and compared data on gender, age, body mass index, component alignment and cement mantle quality as these were factors thought to affect the likelihood of aseptic loosening.

Results
Two thousand one hundred seventy-two TKAs were included with five year follow-up. There were 759 augmentable knees of which 14 were revised and 1413 non-augmentable knees of which 48 were revised. The overall revision rate at five years was 1.84% in the augmentable cohort and 3.4% in the non-augmentable cohort. The revision rate for aseptic loosening was 0.26% in the augmentable group and 1.42% in the non-augmentable group (p = 0.0241).

Conclusions
We have identified increased rates of aseptic loosening in non-augmentable components. This highlights the effect that minor implant changes can have on outcomes. We recommend that clinicians remain alert to implant changes and publish their own results when important trends are observed.
Predicting Post‐Hepatectomy Liver Failure Using Intra‐Operative Measurement of Indocyanine Green Clearance in Anatomical Hepatectomy
Authors: Sato Naoya , Kenjo Akira , Suzushino Seiko , Kimura Takashi , Okada Ryo , Ishigame Teruhide , Kofunato Yasuhide , Marubashi Shigeru 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrediction of post‐hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) based on remnant liver function reserve is important for successful hepatectomy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) clearance in a future remnant liver was a predictor of PHLF.MethodsThis prospective study enrolled 31 consecutive patients who underwent anatomical hepatectomy between June 2016 and August 2019. Intraoperative ICG plasma disappearance rate (ICG‐PDR) and ICG retention rate at 15 min (ICG‐R15) were measured after clamping the selective hepatic inflow to the liver to be resected. The discriminative performance of the ICG‐associated variables for the prediction of PHLF grade B/C was evaluated by receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis.ResultsOf the operations performed, 87.1% were major hepatectomy. PHLF Grade B/C was observed in eight patients (25.8%) with no mortality. The concordance indices of intraoperative ICG‐PDR and ICG‐PDR for predicting PHLF were 0.834 (95% CI, 0.69–0.98) and 0.834 (95% CI, 0.69–0.98), respectively. A subgroup analysis of patients with preoperative biliary drainage (BD) (n = 17) showed that the concordance indices of intraoperative ICG‐PDR increased to 0.923 (95% CI, 0.79–1.00).ConclusionsIntraoperative ICG clearance in the remnant liver was a promising predictor for PHLF in patients undergoing anatomical hepatectomy, especially in patients with BD.
Murine allele and transgene symbols: ensuring unique, concise, and informative nomenclature
Authors: Perry M. N. , Smith C. L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn addition to naturally occurring sequence variation and spontaneous mutations, a wide array of technologies exist for modifying the mouse genome. Standardized nomenclature, including allele, transgene, and other mutation nomenclature, as well as persistent unique identifiers (PUID) are critical for effective scientific communication, comparison of results, and integration of data into knowledgebases such as Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI), Alliance for Genome Resources, and International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR). As well as being the authoritative source for mouse gene, allele, and strain nomenclature, MGI integrates published and unpublished genomic, phenotypic, and expression data while linking to other online resources for a complete view of the mouse as a valuable model organism. The International Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice has developed allele nomenclature rules and guidelines that take into account the number of genes impacted, the method of allele generation, and the nature of the sequence alteration. To capture details that cannot be included in allele symbols, MGI has further developed allele to gene relationships using sequence ontology (SO) definitions for mutations that provide links between alleles and the genes affected. MGI is also using (HGVS) variant nomenclature for variants associated with alleles that will enhance searching for mutations and will improve cross-species comparison. With the ability to assign unique and informative symbols as well as to link alleles with more than one gene, allele and transgene nomenclature rules and guidelines provide an unambiguous way to represent alterations in the mouse genome and facilitate data integration among multiple resources such the Alliance of Genome Resources and International Mouse Strain Resource.
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigating the acute and chronic benefits of American Ginseng (Cereboost®) on mood and cognition in healthy young adults, including in vitro investigation of gut microbiota changes as a possible mechanism of action
Authors: Bell Lynne , Whyte Adrian , Duysburgh Cindy , Marzorati Massimo , Van den Abbeele Pieter , Le Cozannet Romain , Fança-Berthon Pascale , Fromentin Emilie , Williams Claire 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Cereboost®, an American ginseng extract, has shown improved short-term memory and attention/alertness in healthy young and middle-aged individuals, potentially via modulation of the gut microbiome and upregulation of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine. Here, we explored the effects of Cereboost® on cognition and mood in the first 6 h post intervention (acute), after 2 weeks daily supplementation (chronic), and whether 2 weeks daily supplementation altered the response to a single acute dose (acute-on-chronic). A concurrent in vitro study evaluated effects of repeated Cereboost® administration on human gut microbiota.

Methods
Cognitive effects of Cereboost® were assessed using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, with 61 healthy young adults. Modulation of the gut microbiome was concurrently modelled using the Simulator of the Human Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®), using a young adult donor.

Results
Consistent with previous findings, Cereboost® improved working memory and attention during the immediate postprandial period; effects that were amplified following two weeks’ treatment (acute-on-chronic) compared to acute testing alone. Chronic supplementation improved cognition on an acetylcholine-sensitive attention task and improved mental fatigue and self-assurance aspects of mood. The parallel in vitro study revealed significantly increased acetate, propionate, and butyrate levels in simulated proximal and distal colon regions, linked with observed increases in Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus.

Conclusion
This study confirmed the promising effects of Cereboost® on cognitive function and mood, while suggesting a possible link to alterations of the gut microbiome and modulation of acetylcholine. Further studies will be required to unravel the underlying mechanisms that are involved.

Registration
The study was pre-registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 6th July 2018 (Identifier: NCT03579095).
Vancouver B and C periprosthetic fractures around the cemented Exeter Stem: sex is associate with fracture pattern
Authors: Powell-Bowns M. F. R. , Oag E. , Martin D. , Clement N. D. , Scott C. E. H. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the level of periprosthetic fracture involving a cemented polished tapered stem: Vancouver B or Vancouver C.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of 181 unilateral periprosthetic fractures involving Exeter stems was assessed by three observers (mean age 78.5, range 39–103; mean BMI 27.1, 17–39; 97 (54%) male). Patient demographics, deprivation scores, BMI and time since primary prosthesis were recorded. Femoral diameter, femoral cortical thickness, Dorr classification and distal cement mantle length were measured from calibrated radiographs. Interobserver reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to identify associations with Vancouver B or C fractures.

Results
160/181 (88%) Vancouver B and 21/181 (12%) Vancouver C-level fractures occurred at a mean of 5.9 ± 5.4 years (0.2–26.5) following primary surgery. Radiographic measurements demonstrated excellent agreement (ICC > 0.8, p < 0.001). Mortality was significantly higher following Vancouver C compared to B fractures: 90 day 14/160 Vs 5/21 (p = 0.05); 1 year 29/160 Vs 8/21 (p = 0.03). Univariate analysis demonstrated that Vancouver C fractures were associated with female sex, bisphosphonate use, cortical bone thickness, and distal cement mantle length (p < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, only female sex was an independent predictor of Vancouver C-level fractures (R2 =0.354, p = 0.005).

Conclusion
Most PFFs involving the Exeter stem design are Vancouver B-type fractures and appear to be independent of osteoporosis. In contrast, Vancouver C periprosthetic fractures display typical fragility fracture characteristics and are associated with female sex, thinner femoral cortices, longer distal cement mantles and high mortality.
Hydraulic insertions of cochlear implant electrode arrays into the human cadaver cochlea: preliminary findings
Authors: Geraldine Zuniga M. , Lenarz Thomas , Rau Thomas S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives
(1) To evaluate the feasibility of a non-invasive, novel, simple insertion tool to perform automated, slow insertions of cochlear implant electrode arrays (EA) into a human cadaver cochlea; (2) to estimate the handling time required by our tool.

Methods
Basic science study conducted in an experimental OR. Two previously anonymized human cadaver heads, three commercially available EAs, and our novel insertion tool were used for the experiments. Our tool operates as a hydraulic actuator that delivers an EA at continuous velocities slower than manually feasible.
Intervention(s): the human cadaver heads were prepared with a round-window approach for CI surgery in a standard fashion. Twelve EA insertion trials using our tool involved: non-invasive fixation of the tool to the head; directing the tool to the round window and EA mounting onto the tool; automated EA insertion at approximately 0.1 mm/s driven by hydraulic actuation.
Outcome measurement(s): handling time of the tool; post-insertion cone-beam CT scans to provide intracochlear evaluation of the EA insertions.

Results
Our insertion tool successfully inserted an EA into the human cadaver cochlea (n = 12) while being attached to the human cadaver head in a non-invasive fashion. Median time to set up the tool was 8.8 (7.2–9.4) min.

Conclusion
The first insertions into the human cochlea using our novel, simple insertion tool were successful without the need for invasive fixation. The tool requires < 10 min to set up, which is clinically acceptable. Future assessment of intracochlear trauma is needed to support its safety profile for clinical translation.
Vagal blockade suppresses the phase I heart rate response but not the phase I cardiac output response at exercise onset in humans
Authors: Fontolliet Timothée , Bringard Aurélien , Adami Alessandra , Fagoni Nazzareno , Tam Enrico , Taboni Anna , Ferretti Guido 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We tested the vagal withdrawal concept for heart rate (HR) and cardiac output (CO) kinetics upon moderate exercise onset, by analysing the effects of vagal blockade on cardiovascular kinetics in humans. We hypothesized that, under atropine, the φ1 amplitude (A1) for HR would reduce to nil, whereas the A1 for CO would still be positive, due to the sudden increase in stroke volume (SV) at exercise onset.

Methods
On nine young non-smoking men, during 0–80 W exercise transients of 5-min duration on the cycle ergometer, preceded by 5-min rest, we continuously recorded HR, CO, SV and oxygen uptake ($$ \dot{V} $$

V
˙

O2) upright and supine, in control condition and after full vagal blockade with atropine. Kinetics were analysed with the double exponential model, wherein we computed the amplitudes (A) and time constants (τ) of phase 1 (φ1) and phase 2 (φ2).

Results
In atropine versus control, A1 for HR was strongly reduced and fell to 0 bpm in seven out of nine subjects for HR was practically suppressed by atropine in them. The A1 for CO was lower in atropine, but not reduced to nil. Thus, SV only determined A1 for CO in atropine. A2 did not differ between control and atropine. No effect on τ1 and τ2 was found. These patterns were independent of posture.

Conclusion
The results are fully compatible with the tested hypothesis. They provide the first direct demonstration that vagal blockade, while suppressing HR φ1, did not affect φ1 of CO.
Reference data on anthropometrics, aerobic fitness and muscle strength in young Norwegian men and women
Authors: Aandstad Anders 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Anthropometrics, aerobic fitness and muscle strength are measured in one-third of all 18-year-old Norwegian men and women during yearly selection for compulsory military service. The large sample size and geographical representativity make these data valuable for reference. The main purpose of this study was to present reference data for anthropometrics and physical fitness in young Norwegian men and women.

Methods
All 154,659 subjects (66% men and 34% women, 17–21 years old) who completed physical examinations at conscript selection from 2011 to 2019 were included in the study. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from height and weight measurements. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was estimated from performance on a maximal treadmill test. Muscle strength was measured by isometric chest and leg press, or seated medicine ball throw, standing long jump and pull-ups.

Results
Mean BMI (SD) was 23.1 (3.4) and 22.9 (3.3) kg·m−2 in men and women, respectively (P < 0.001), and 24% of men and 21% of women had a BMI ≥ 25 kg·m−2. Estimated VO2peak was 52.9 (4.6) and 42.7 (3.9) mL·kg−1·min−1 in men and women, respectively (P < 0.001). Men performed significantly better than women on all muscle strength tests, with corresponding effect sizes varying from 1.14 for isometric leg press to 2.96 for seated medicine ball throw.

Conclusion
The presented reference data on physical fitness in young Norwegian men and women can be used to evaluate population health, serve as reference material for future studies and describes sex differences in several physical fitness parameters.
Anisakid and Raphidascaridid parasites in Trachurus trachurus: infection drivers and possible effects on the host’s condition
Authors: Macchioni Fabio , Tedesco Perla , Cocca Vanessa , Massaro Andrea , Sartor Paolo , Ligas Alessandro , Pretti Carlo , Monni Gianfranca , Cecchi Francesca , Caffara Monica 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the distribution of nematode larvae of Anisakidae and Raphidascarididae (genera Anisakis and Hysterothylacium) in Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Ligurian and central-northern Tyrrhenian Seas. The relationship between the number of parasites and the length and weight parameters of the fish was assessed, and the possible effect of the parasites on the condition factor was evaluated. A total of 190 T. trachurus specimens were collected in July 2019. Parasites were found in 70 individuals. A total of 161 visible larvae were collected in the viscera. Morphological analysis revealed the presence of Anisakis spp. in 55 fish and Hysterothylacium spp. in 15 fish, while 5 fish showed coinfection with both genera. The specimens subjected to PCR (n = 67) showed that 85% of the Anisakis larvae analyzed belonged to the species A. pegreffii, while the remaining 15% belonged to hybrids of A. pegreffii-A. simplex (s.s.). A total of 58% (n = 7) of the Hysterothylacium larvae analyzed belonged to the species H. fabri, while 42% belonged to the species H. aduncum. Our results support the hypothesis that infection with these parasites does not affect the condition of the fish host analyzed, and that body size and depth are major drivers in determining infection levels with Anisakid and Raphidascaridid nematodes.
Energy expenses on prey processing are comparable, but paid at a higher metabolic scope and for a longer time in ambush vs active predators: a multispecies study on snakes
Authors: Bury Stanisław 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSnakes are characterized by distinct foraging strategies, from ambush to active hunting, which can be predicted to substantially affect the energy budget as a result of differential activity rates and feeding frequencies. Intense foraging activity and continuously upregulated viscera as a result of frequent feeding leads to a higher standard metabolic rate (SMR) in active than in ambush predators. Conversely, the costs of digestion (Specific Dynamic Action—SDA) are expected to be higher in ambush predators following the substantial remodelling of the gut upon ingestion of a meal after a long fasting period. This prediction was tested on an interspecific scale using a large multispecies dataset (> 40 species) obtained from published sources. I found that the metabolic scope and duration of SDA tended to reach higher values in ambush than in active predators, which probably reflects the greater magnitude of postprandial physiological upregulation in the former. In contrast, the SDA energy expenditure appeared to be unrelated to the foraging mode. The costs of visceral activation conceivably are not negligible, but represent a minor part of the total costs of digestion, possibly not large enough to elicit a foraging-mode driven variation in SDA energy expenditure. Non-mutually exclusive is that the higher costs of structural upregulation in ambush predators are balanced by the improved, thus potentially less expensive, functional performance of the more efficient intestines. I finally suggest that ambush predators may be less susceptible than active predators to the metabolic ‘meltdown effect’ driven by climate change.