bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computation of Stability Criterion for Fractional Ocean Circulation Box Model Using Optimal Routh—Hurwitz Conditions
Authors: Ng Yong Xian , Phang Chang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Atlantic ocean thermohaline circulation is a deep ocean circulation occur in the Atlantic ocean which shows mixed of salt and freshwater transportation. The ocean circulation box model is defined to cover the large-scale behavior of the thermohaline circulation. On the other hand, fractional order dynamical systems are more flexible and realistic for real-life problems if compare with integer order dynamical systems. Hence, research on the stability for fractional dynamical systems is still infant and more difficult to analyze analytically. In this paper, we will extend the ocean circulation 3-box model into fractional order and investigate stability criterion for this fractional model by applying fractional Routh-Hurwitz conditions. Routh-Hurwitz conditions allow us to find the range of adjustable control parameter F1
which can detect the stability criterion for the fractional ocean circulation model.
The Proposed Framework and Challenges towards Smart City Implementation
Authors: Rahman Wan Fariza Wan Abdul , Abdalla Aisha Hassan , Islam Md. Rafiqul 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The recent increment of population in the urban areas requires well-operated and well-managed cities with lots of automation in various aspects of everyday life. The backbone of this smart city is the Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology. This paper outlines the fundamental idea of IoT, followed by its framework for successful smart city implementation. The deployment of a city-scale IoT infrastructure involves heterogeneity of devices (in terms of hardware, software interfaces, communication interfaces and data transmitted), poses new challenges in several aspects including interoperability and security. There are many review articles on smart city proposing various frameworks, each with its own focus area. However, how different domain areas are to be interconnected together, remained questionable. Due to sensible nature of data involved, privacy and security must be ensured, considering secure environment for users’ personal data in transit and storage. These elements must be integrated into the smart city architecture. Additionally, with the increase demand for mobile applications, the issues of mobility and the optimization of resource management are another challenging part in smart city. These issues and several approaches to tackle each of them are also highlighted in brief. Finally, the enhanced framework for smart city considering the security and privacy issues has been proposed.
Factors That Lead to Misbehaviour in Class According to Students’ Perception at UiTM Seremban 3 Using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) Analysis
Authors: Saharizan Mohd Dzikri , Sam Marsya Maizura Mohd , Kahar Syafiqah Md Nur , Yasin Zaitul Anna Melisa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to describe the factors that lead to misbehaviour in class according to students’ perception in University Technology Mara (UiTM) Seremban 3. 372 students were surveyed regarding their perception of the factors that lead to misbehaviour in class. There are five factors that the researchers want to study, which are the lecturer’s personality, student’s lifestyle, influence from social media, students’ time management, and facilities. These five variables were chosen to determine the factors that lead to misbehaviour in class which is the main objective. To achieve the main objective of this study, Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) analysis will be used to come out with the result. Results show that three factors lead to misbehaviour in class. These factors are the lecturer’s personality, influence from social media and students’ time management. Other than that, there are several methods to achieve other research objectives. The Spearman correlation method was used to analyse the relationship between the factors that affect the students’ perceptions of misbehaviour in class. The analysis shows that the relationship for lecturer’s personality has a moderate positive relationship. In contrast, the other four factors, such as students’ lifestyle, influence from social media, students’ time management and facilities, have a weak positive relationship with students’ perception of misbehaviour in class. Moreover, the Kruskal Wallis test was used to identify the final objective, identifying the differences in students’ perceptions between different faculties in UiTM Seremban 3. The result shows that all students in the three faculties have the same perceptions of factors leading to misbehaviour in class. In conclusion, this study helps higher education organisations identify what makes students misbehave in class. Based on the results, organizations may know how to decrease misbehaviour cases among students. For these students, the administration needs to focus on the lecturer’s personality, influence from media social, and students’ time management in reducing the misbehaviour problem.
Polymorphism of follicle stimulating hormone beta sub-unit (FSH-P) gene as a molecular marker for reproductive status in Peranakan Ongole x Bali crossbred (POBA) cattle
Authors: Primasari A , Efendy J , Prihandini P W 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
POBA cattle is a crossbred cattle from Peranakan Ongole (PO) and Bali cattle, which is developed by the Beef Cattle Research Institute (BCRI), Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia. This study aimed to identify the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of POBA cattle raised in the BCRI. Genetic diversity of FSH-β gene was also determined in order to identify a possible marker for reproductive status in POBA cattle. Rambon cattle collected from Banyuwangi regency were used as comparison. A 313 bp fragment of the FSH-β gene was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were sequenced and aligned to detect polymorphism. As results, a polymorphism (SNP g.2583C/T) in the FSH-β gene, which produced three genotypes (TT, CC, and CT) was detected. The frequency of each allele was 0.13 (allele C) and 0.87 (allele T). However, the FSH-β gene polymorphism did not significantly affect sperm quality, body weight, body size, and cervical condition of POBA cattle.
Global cultivation of wheat crops induces considerable shifts in the range and niche of species relative to their wild progenitors
Authors: Rujing Yang , Xiang Gong , Xiaokang Hu , Yawen Hu , Jianmeng Feng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Species’ range and niche play key roles in understanding ecological and biogeographical patterns, especially in projecting global biotic homogenization and potential distribution patterns of species under global change scenarios. However, few studies have investigated the ability of crop cultivation to influence potential range sizes and niche shifts of species. Wheat and its wild progenitors share the same origin and evolutionary history, and thus provide an excellent system to explore this topic. Using ensembled ecological niche models and niche dynamic models, we studied the potential range sizes of wheat and its wild progenitors, as well as their niche dynamics. Our results showed that wheat had larger range size and niche breadth than its wild progenitors, suggesting that wheat cultivation is a more powerful driver of range and niche expansion than natural niche evolution. Additionally, wheat and its wild progenitors occupied different niche positions, and the former did not conserve the niches inherited from the latter, implying that wheat cultivation considerably induces niche shifts. The niche dynamics between wheat and its wild progenitors were not only closely associated with cultivation but were also modified by the niche conservatism of its wild progenitors. In contrast to most invasive plants, wheat, as a global staple crop species, did not conserve the niche space inherited from its wild progenitors, suggesting that compared with most plant invasions, cultivation may have a stronger effect on niche shifts. Therefore, global niche shifts induced by crop cultivation need much more attention, though the underlying mechanisms require further study.
Optical flow estimation using the Fisher–Rao metric
Authors: Maybank Stephen J , Ieng Sio-Hoi , Migliore Davide , Benosman Ryad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The optical flow in an event camera is estimated using measurements in the address event representation (AER). Each measurement consists of a pixel address and the time at which a change in the pixel value equalled a given fixed threshold. The measurements in a small region of the pixel array and within a given window in time are approximated by a probability distribution defined on a finite set. The distributions obtained in this way form a three dimensional family parameterized by the pixel addresses and by time. Each parameter value has an associated Fisher–Rao matrix obtained from the Fisher–Rao metric for the parameterized family of distributions. The optical flow vector at a given pixel and at a given time is obtained from the eigenvector of the associated Fisher–Rao matrix with the least eigenvalue. The Fisher–Rao algorithm for estimating optical flow is tested on eight datasets, of which six have ground truth optical flow. It is shown that the Fisher–Rao algorithm performs well in comparison with two state of the art algorithms for estimating optical flow from AER measurements.
Tragedy as a Symbol of Autonomy in Schiller’s Aesthetics
Authors: Stoll Timothy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSchiller’s essays on tragedy attempt to argue that tragic experience is ethically valuable by forging a connection with Kant’s conception of autonomy. Standard interpretations hold that the connection lies in the fact that tragedies depict characters (primarily the hero) exercising autonomy. This paper argues that Schiller also views the experience prompted by tragedy as itself involving autonomy. Drawing on Kant’s discussion of aesthetic “symbols”, Schiller holds that the audience members’ experience at the tragedy is isomorphic with the autonomous exercise of practical reason. Only in this way, I argue, can we make sense of Schiller’s contention that tragedy actively cultivates freedom in its viewers. Additionally, the interpretation shows how Schiller can hold that tragedy yields a kind of cognition of transcendental freedom while maintaining Kantian strictures on noumenal knowledge.
COVID-19 infection risk amongst 14,104 vaccinated care home residents: a national observational longitudinal cohort study in Wales, UK, December 2020–March 2021
Authors: Hollinghurst Joe , North Laura , Perry Malorie , Akbari Ashley , Gravenor Mike B , Lyons Ronan A , Fry Richard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
vaccinations for COVID-19 have been prioritised for older people living in care homes. However, vaccination trials included limited numbers of older people.

Aim
we aimed to study infection rates of SARS-CoV-2 for older care home residents following vaccination and identify factors associated with increased risk of infection.

Study Design and Setting
we conducted an observational data-linkage study including 14,104 vaccinated older care home residents in Wales (UK) using anonymised electronic health records and administrative data.

Methods
we used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection following vaccination, after landmark times of either 7 or 21 days post-vaccination. We adjusted HRs for age, sex, frailty, prior SARS-CoV-2 infections and vaccination type.

Results
we observed a small proportion of care home residents with positive polymerase chain reaction (tests following vaccination 1.05% (N = 148), with 90% of infections occurring within 28 days. For the 7-day landmark analysis we found a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection for vaccinated individuals who had a previous infection; HR (95% confidence interval) 0.54 (0.30, 0.95). For the 21-day landmark analysis, we observed high HRs for individuals with low and intermediate frailty compared with those without; 4.59 (1.23, 17.12) and 4.85 (1.68, 14.04), respectively.

Conclusions
increased risk of infection after 21 days was associated with frailty. We found most infections occurred within 28 days of vaccination, suggesting extra precautions to reduce transmission risk should be taken in this time frame.
“As if!” in Thunder
Authors: Fleissner Jennifer L 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe crises of 2020, this essay argues, demonstrated anew both the dangers and the indispensability of state power. Yet Americanist critics often display the same antistatism that characterized the nation's canonical literature as well as those who championed it in the mid-twentieth century. For an alternative, this essay turns to the work of Lora Romero, a critic who linked those canonical works to political criticism inspired by Michel Foucault. The libertarianism of both, she argued, made it impossible for critics to conceive that “resistance” and “entanglement in power relations” might go hand in hand. The Foucauldian critique of biopolitics is here shown to be inseparable from a skepticism toward an often feminized welfare state linking France’s Second Left to figures in the US like Christopher Lasch. Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s argument against Foucauldian “critique” is then shown to offer a more recent, albeit equally overlooked, resource for taking the necessity of institutionality seriously. Without such correctives, American Studies Association calls for papers can inadvertently echo the “romantic” rhetoric of books like Huckleberry Finn, in which an absolutized freedom and care for all will simply coexist harmoniously, rather than representing two conflicting strands of the modern polis requiring constant negotiation.In our instinctive antistatism and the conception of freedom it entails, we may share more in common than we recognize with the "American ideology" that . . . has formed the object of our ongoing critique.
Estimation of Aerosol Concentrations of Oil Dispersants COREXIT™ EC9527A and EC9500A during the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Response and Clean-up Operations
Authors: Arnold Susan , Stewart Patricia A , Pratt Gregory C , Ramachandran Gurumurthy , Kwok Richard K , Engel Lawrence S , Sandler Dale P , Stenzel Mark R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The April 2010 Deepwater Horizon drilling unit explosion at the Macondo oil well resulted in the release of approximately 779 million l of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. As part of the response effort to break up oil slicks on the water’s surface, 6.81 million l of chemical dispersants COREXIT™ EC9500A and COREXIT™ EC9527A were applied by plane or vessel or injected near the seabed. The GuLF Long-term Follow-up Study is investigating possible adverse health effects of workers involved in the oil spill response and clean-up (OSRC). In this paper, we describe potential dispersant-related air concentrations generated from aerial spraying of dispersants to provide insight as to what concentrations OSRC workers may have been exposed under worst-case conditions. Personal exposure measurement data were not collected. Modeling, therefore, was conducted to estimate airborne concentrations of total aerosol to COREXIT™ EC9527A and EC9500A. Using the AgDISP model, we estimated air concentrations to dispersant total aerosols, defined as all components of the dispersant including active ingredients, surfactants, and water, resulting from aerial and vessel applications, as average 1-h and 2-min concentrations. For comparison, 1-h air concentrations associated with aerial spraying were estimated using another model, AERMOD. At 152 m horizontal to the flight path, average 1-h total aerosol concentrations associated with aerial applications were estimated to be as high as 49.3 µg m−3 (9527A) and 45.4 µg m−3 (9500A), and both decreased with increased distance from the flight line. The estimates for spraying 9500A from vessels indicated that total aerosol concentrations were potentially as high as 0.33 µg m−3 at 10 m from the nozzles. These results suggest that personal exposures to dispersant aerosols were negligible.
Scale-dependent trends in the investment of leaf domatia
Authors: Biddick Matthew 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Theory predicts that plants invest in defences proportional to the value or amount of tissue at risk. Domatia-bearing plants house predatory arthropods that defend against insect and fungal attack. Though leaf domatia represent a direct investment in the defence of leaf tissues, it remains unknown whether domatia production scales with amount of tissue at risk. I investigated how domatia investment scales with leaf size in 20 species of trees and shrubs from the south-west Pacific. Large-leaved species produced more domatia than smaller leaved species. However, domatia production did not consistently scale with leaf area among individuals of the same species, illustrating that trends in domatia investment are scale-dependent. Overall results suggest the processes modulating the allocation of resources to defence at the interspecific level are distinct from those operating at the intraspecific level.
NFT, copyright and intellectual property commercialization
Authors: Okonkwo Ifeanyi E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The invention of disruptive technologies broadens the horizon of opportunities for intellectual property owners. The very idea of selling copyright works in a digital space and using the same to form a digital currency is disruptive. This is one opportunity Non-Fungible Token (NFT) offers. But that disruptiveness raises certain questions and provoke the consciousness to wonder if NFTs are a form of intellectual property, or whether NFT would shift the paradigm of copyright law as we know it. Governments through her agencies are also caught in the unrestlessness of deciphering what NFT means and whether it holds any value for intellectual property. This article will address the relationship between NFT and copyright, the forseeable problems and solutions, and how NFTs are channels for intellectual property commercialisation.
Reproaching the Divine: Poetic Theologies of Protest as a Resource for Expanding the Philosophy of Religion
Authors: Burley Mikel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEngaging with works of poetry is one effective, yet hitherto underdeveloped, means of diversifying the philosophy of religion beyond the standard preoccupations with narrow formulations of theism. This article explores and exemplifies this potential in relation to two major poetic figures, namely R. S. Thomas and Rāmprasād Sen. Despite their locations in very different religious contexts—Anglican Christianity in twentieth-century Wales, in the one case, and Hindu Goddess devotion in eighteenth-century Bengal, in the other—each of these poets voices sentiments that are redolent of a theology (or thealogy) of protest. Such protest is exhibited not in an outright rejection of the divine but in a troubled relationship through which the deity is questioned, reproached, and sometimes railed against. Attending to such materials affords the philosophy of religion, and the study of religion more broadly, an enriched appreciation of the possibilities both of religious viewpoints and of conceptions of divinity.
The transcription factor WRKY75 regulates the development of adventitious roots, lateral buds and callus by modulating hydrogen peroxide content in poplar
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yang Xiaoqing , Nvsvrot Tashbek , Huang Liyu , Cai Guanghua , Ding Yiwei , Ren Wenyu , Wang Nian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays important roles in plant development. Adventitious roots (AR), lateral buds (LB) and callus formation are important traits for plants. Here, a gene encoding RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG B (PdeRBOHB) from poplar line ‘NL895’ (Populus. deltoides × P. euramericana) was predicted to be involved in H2O2 accumulation, and lines with reduced expression were generated. H2O2 content was decreased, and the development of adventitious roots, lateral buds, and callus was inhibited in reduced expression PdeRBOHB lines. A gene encoding PdeWRKY75 was identified as the upstream transcription factor positively regulating PdeRBOHB. This regulation was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay, GUS transient expression analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. In the reduced expression PdeWRKY75 lines, H2O2 content was decreased and the development of adventitious roots, lateral buds, and callus development was inhibited, while in the overexpression lines, H2O2 content was increased and the development of adventitious roots and lateral buds was inhibited, but callus formation was enhanced. Additionally, reduced expression PdeRBOHB lines showed lowered expression of PdeWRKY75, while exogenous application of H2O2 showed the opposite effect. Together, these results suggest that PdeWRKY75 and PdeRBOHB are part of a regulatory module in H2O2 accumulation, which is involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes.
Lindström’s theorem, both syntax and semantics free
Authors: Găină Daniel , Kowalski Tomasz 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Lindström’s theorem characterizes first-order logic in terms of its essential model theoretic properties. One cannot gain expressive power extending first-order logic without losing at least one of compactness or downward Löwenheim–Skolem property. We cast this result in an abstract framework of institution theory, which does not assume any internal structure either for sentences or for models, so it is more general than the notion of abstract logic usually used in proofs of Lindström’s theorem; indeed, it can be said that institutional model theory is both syntax and semantics free. Our approach takes advantage of the methods of institutional model theory to provide a structured proof of Lindström’s theorem at a level of abstraction applicable to any logical system that is strong enough to describe its own concept of isomorphism and its own concept of elementary equivalence. We apply our results to some logical systems formalized as institutions and widely used in computer science practice.
Kafka’s Bureaucracy: Immigration Administrative Burdens in the Trump Era
Authors: Moynihan Donald , Gerzina Julie , Herd Pamela 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
What does a government do when it decides to make a public service as burdensome as possible? We consider this question in the context of immigration policy during the Trump administration. The case demonstrates the deliberate and governmentwide use of administrative burdens to make legal processes of immigration confusing, demanding, and stressful. Many of these changes occurred via what we characterize as formal administrative directives, a level of policy implementation that falls between high-level formal executive legal powers, such as executive orders or rules, and street-level discretion, pointing to the importance of processes such as memos and training as an understudied space of using burdens to make policy. The case challenges the standard portrayal of the principal–agent dilemma, given that the political principals engaged in a disruption of public services akin to sabotage, while the bureaucratic agents remained largely quiescent. The outcome was a system of racialized burdens, where changes were targeted at racially marginalized immigrants. The case also highlights the use of fear as a particular type of psychological cost.