bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Self‐Supported NiFe‐Layered Double Hydroxide as Large‐Current–Density Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalyst
Authors: Li Xiaoge , Liu Cong , Fang Zhitang , Xu Lin , Lu Chunliang , Hou Wenhua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWater splitting is a promising sustainable technology to produce high purity hydrogen, but its commercial application remains a giant challenge due to the kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, a time‐ and energy‐saving approach to directly grow NiFe‐layered double hydroxide (NiFe‐LDH) nanosheets on nickel foam under ambient temperature and pressure is reported. These NiFe‐LDH nanosheets are vertically rooted in nickel foam and interdigitated together to form a highly porous array, leading to numerous exposed active sites, reduced resistance of charge/mass transportation and enhanced mechanical stability. As self‐supported electrocatalyst, the representative sample (NF@NiFe‐LDH‐1.5‐4) shows an excellent large‐current–density catalytic activity for OER in alkaline electrolyte, requiring low overpotentials of 190 and 220 mV to reach the current densities of 100 and 657 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 38.1 mV dec−1. In addition, NF@NiFe‐LDH‐1.5‐4 as an overall water splitting electrocatalyst can stably achieve a large current density of 200 mA cm−2 over 300 h at a low cell voltage of 1.83 V, meeting the requirement of industrial hydrogen production. This exceedingly simple and ultrafast synthesis of low‐cost and highly active large‐current–density OER electrocatalysts can propel the commercialization of hydrogen producing technology via water splitting.
Did the affordable care act increase the availability of employer‐sponsored health insurance?
Authors: Lennon Conor 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) included two provisions, the Employer Shared Responsibility Provision (the “employer mandate”) and the Small Business Health Options Program (“SHOP”), aimed at increasing the availability of employer‐sponsored health insurance (ESI) among workers at small firms. To examine whether these provisions led to greater ESI availability, I use 2011–2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data in a difference‐in‐difference framework that compares changes in ESI availability among workers at small and large firms before and after the ACA's provisions come into effect. My estimates show that there is a 3.5 percentage point increase in ESI availability among workers at smaller firms after 2013. When focusing on workers most likely to be affected by the employer mandate, I find a larger 5.2 percentage point increase in ESI availability, amounting to a 39% decline in the proportion who do not have ESI available. However, I find no evidence that greater ESI availability led to increases in ESI coverage rates. Instead, descriptive estimates suggest that gains in health insurance coverage after 2013 consist of significant increases in the number of working adults who report having Medicaid coverage, including among workers who are offered ESI. I use MEPS data for my analysis because, along with employment, firm size, and health insurance details, MEPS also provides health status and healthcare access/utilization information. Looking at changes in these health measures, I find only limited evidence to suggest that the ACA's provisions improved access to care or measures of health status for workers.
Automatic identification and segmentation of slice of minimal hiatal dimensions in transperineal ultrasound volumes
Authors: van den Noort F. , Manzini C. , van der Vaart C. H. , van Limbeek M. A. J. , Slump C. H. , Grob A. T. M. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo develop and validate a tool for automatic selection of the slice of minimal hiatal dimensions (SMHD) and segmentation of the urogenital hiatus (UH) in transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) volumes.MethodsManual selection of the SMHD and segmentation of the UH was performed in TPUS volumes of 116 women with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (POP). These data were used to train two deep‐learning algorithms. The first algorithm was trained to provide an estimation of the position of the SMHD. Based on this estimation, a slice was selected and fed into the second algorithm, which performed automatic segmentation of the UH. From this segmentation, measurements of the UH area (UHA), anteroposterior diameter (APD) and coronal diameter (CD) were computed automatically. The mean absolute distance between manually and automatically selected SMHD, the overlap (dice similarity index (DSI)) between manual and automatic UH segmentation and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between manual and automatic UH measurements were assessed on a test set of 30 TPUS volumes.ResultsThe mean absolute distance between manually and automatically selected SMHD was 0.20 cm. All DSI values between manual and automatic UH segmentations were above 0.85. The ICC values between manual and automatic UH measurements were 0.94 (95% CI, 0.87–0.97) for UHA, 0.92 (95% CI, 0.78–0.97) for APD and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.66–0.91) for CD, demonstrating excellent agreement.ConclusionsOur deep‐learning algorithms allowed reliable automatic selection of the SMHD and UH segmentation in TPUS volumes of women with symptomatic POP. These algorithms can be implemented in the software of TPUS machines, thus reducing clinical analysis time and simplifying the examination of TPUS data for research and clinical purposes. © 2021 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Introduction
Authors: Kremer Monique , Went Robert , Engbersen Godfried 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe central question of this book is how the automation, flexibilization and intensification of labour are affecting the quality of our working lives. Good work for everyone who can and wants to work, we argue, is of urgent concern for governments, public institutions, businesses and organizations representing workers and employers. Good work is important for both individuals and for overall prosperity – for the economy to take full advantage of the possibilities offered by new technologies, and for society so that everyone can participate.
Control Over Income
Authors: Kremer Monique , Went Robert , Engbersen Godfried 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Netherlands does not top international tables when it comes to the quality of work. Compared to many other countries, the Netherlands has low unemployment, which remained the case in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis and the recent Covid-19 crisis. While jobs exists, they are increasingly insecure. This chapter delves into the workings of the Dutch flexible labour market. How have new technologies and flexible contracts affected income security? Have identifiable groups of workers been affected differently? Security of employment – a person’s general employability or chance of having a job – is relatively high. Statistics Netherlands reports that many jobs have been created in recent decades, and that the Dutch have never worked so much as now. The quantity of work does not seem to be a problem.
Everyone into Work
Authors: Kremer Monique , Went Robert , Engbersen Godfried 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDespite successive Dutch governments emphasizing “jobs, jobs, jobs”, thousands of people who want to work have no jobs at all, never mind good jobs. Are new technologies, flexible contracts and the intensification of work helping or hindering vulnerable groups to stay in work - in good work in particular? This chaper seeks to answer these questions while analysing what is already being done to provide good work for all. Is the changing labour market opening new opportunities? We address the automation, flexibilization and intensification of work and discuss the need for active labour market policies.
The Development of the Questionnaire
Authors: Hadler Markus , Klösch Beate , Schwarzinger Stephan , Schweighart Markus , Wardana Rebecca , Bird David Neil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter presents the development of the survey in the underlying study in this book, a description of our sample, and the results of the validation efforts. Our survey includes variations of existing scales which have been used to measure climate-relevant behaviors within the areas of housing, mobility, diet, and consumption. We go beyond these existing questions, however, as we also include various new items and analyze the validity of existing and new questions. Based on our findings we recommend a set of questions for different significant areas of emissions, for example, asking about the distance traveled by car in the previous year, the number of short-haul and long-haul flights, and a question about the frequency of the consumption of particularly energy-intensive foods.
Estimating and Explaining the Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Hadler Markus , Klösch Beate , Schwarzinger Stephan , Schweighart Markus , Wardana Rebecca , Bird David Neil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter starts with an overview of the current national emission figures for Austria. Subsequently, the emissions of our respondents are presented in detail and contrasted with the number of national emissions. Since one goal of the study was to improve survey research in measuring environmentally significant behavior, questions are selected which allow a valid estimation of the total emissions caused by a person. We propose a set of five variables which capture around 77% of an individual’s total emissions. Furthermore, we are able to confirm that socio-demographic variables such as age, income, and residential area have a significant impact on an individual’s emission consumption.
Policy Options of Over-Pumping Control in the NCP
Authors: Kinzelbach Wolfgang , Wang Haijing , Li Yu , Wang Lu , Li Ning 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStarting in the 1990s, China has been issuing regulations and policy rules related to groundwater management and pumping control on both national and provincial levels. These policies include the requirement of permits for well drilling, a well spacing policy, pumping quota management, water resources fee collection, setting of irrigation water prices, a water rights system, water markets, and more.
Decision Support for Local Water Authorities in Guantao
Authors: Kinzelbach Wolfgang , Wang Haijing , Li Yu , Wang Lu , Li Ning 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolicy selection and implementation rely on monitoring data and technical decision support tools. Monitoring data of Guantao County include groundwater levels at 55 observation wells, pumping rates of 7600 wells, surface water flows, precipitation, and land use in monthly time steps.
A three Higgs doublet model with symmetry-suppressed flavour changing neutral currents
Authors: Das Dipankar , Ferreira P. M. , Morais António P. , Padilla-Gay Ian , Pasechnik Roman , Rodrigues J. Pedro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe construct a three-Higgs doublet model with a flavour non-universal U(1) × ℤ2symmetry. That symmetry induces suppressed flavour-changing interactions mediated by neutral scalars. New scalars with masses below the TeV scale can still successfully negotiate the constraints arising from flavour data. Such a model can thus encourage direct searches for extra Higgs bosons in the future collider experiments, and includes a non-trivial flavour structure.
The marriage of chemokines and galectins as functional heterodimers
Authors: von Hundelshausen Philipp , Wichapong Kanin , Gabius Hans-Joachim , Mayo Kevin H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTrafficking of leukocytes and their local activity profile are of pivotal importance for many (patho)physiological processes. Fittingly, microenvironments are complex by nature, with multiple mediators originating from diverse cell types and playing roles in an intimately regulated manner. To dissect aspects of this complexity, effectors are initially identified and structurally characterized, thus prompting familial classification and establishing foci of research activity. In this regard, chemokines present themselves as role models to illustrate the diversification and fine-tuning of inflammatory processes. This in turn discloses the interplay among chemokines, their cell receptors and cognate glycosaminoglycans, as well as their capacity to engage in new molecular interactions that form hetero-oligomers between themselves and other classes of effector molecules. The growing realization of versatility of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins that bind to glycans and proteins and their presence at sites of inflammation led to testing the hypothesis that chemokines and galectins can interact with each other by protein–protein interactions. In this review, we present some background on chemokines and galectins, as well as experimental validation of this chemokine–galectin heterodimer concept exemplified with CXCL12 and galectin-3 as proof-of-principle, as well as sketch out some emerging perspectives in this arena.
Revision rate is higher in patients with periprosthetic femur fractures following revision arthroplasty in comparison with ORIF following our algorithm: a two-center 1 analysis of 129 patients
Authors: Pflüger Patrick , Bolierakis Eftychios , Wurm Markus , Horst Klemens , Hildebrand Frank , Biberthaler Peter 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Effective therapy of periprosthetic femur fractures of the hip (PPF) are challenging due to patients’ frailty and complexity of fracture patterns. The aim of this cohort study was to analyze the radiological and functional outcome following PPF.

Methods
A retrospective, multicenter study in the period 2009–2019 of patients with PPF at two level I trauma centers in Germany was performed. PPF were classified according to the Vancouver classification system. Demographic data, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, type of surgery, complications, and reoperation rate were obtained from patient records. The functional outcome was assessed by the modified Harris-Hip Score (mHHS), general health using the EQ-5D, and radiological outcome by Beals & Tower (B&T) criteria.

Results
A total of 129 patients with a mean age of 79 years (range 43–102) were included. 70% of all patients were female and 68% of the patients had an ASA score ≥ 3. 20 patients suffered from a Vancouver A, 90 from a Vancouver B and 19 from a Vancouver C fracture. 14% of the patients died within the first 2 years after surgery. The reoperation rate after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) (n = 60) was 8% and after revision arthroplasty (RA) (n = 47) 30% (OR 3.4, 95% CI [1.21–10.2]). Mean mHHS (n = 32) was 53 ± 19.4 and EQ-VAS was 50 ± 24.6. According to B&T criteria, 82% of patients treated with ORIF (n = 17) and 62% after RA (n = 13) showed an excellent outcome.

Conclusion
Patients with a PPF of the hip are elderly and at increased operative risk. In cases with a stable prosthesis, ORIF provides good radiological outcome with low reoperation rates. In case of RA, the risk for revision surgery is higher.
Temporal Baseline of Essesntial and Non-essential Elements Recorded in Baleen of Western Arctic Bowhead Whale (Balaena mysticetus)
Authors: Shore Samantha L. , Giarikos Dimitrios G. , Duffy Lawrence K. , Edwards Mickie R. , Hirons Amy C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study established the first baseline of changing elemental concentrations in bowhead whale baleen over time (1958–1999). From previously published stable isotope data, year, season (summer or winter), and location (Beaufort or Bering/Chukchi seas) were attributed to each sample. Thirteen elements (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, Zn) in baleen from nine subsistence-harvested bowhead whales (n = 138) were detected. Al, Cu, and Fe were the highest concentrations while Cd and V were among the lowest. Our data supports absorption as the main route of exposure to environmental elements rather than biomagnification due to bowhead whales’ low trophic position. A linear mixed-effects model confirmed most elements’ concentrations increased with time, while location and sex were insignificant explanatory factors. These temporal fluctuations were most likely a product of environmental changes due to a warming climate and human activities.
Long working hours and risk of cardiovascular outcomes and diabetes type II: five-year follow-up of the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS)
Authors: K Rossnagel , S Jankowiak , F Liebers , A Schulz , P Wild , N Arnold , A Seidler , J Hegewald , K Romero Starke , S Letzel , M Riechmann-Wolf , M Nübling , M Beut-el , N Pfeiffer , K Lackner , T Münzel , A Poplawski , U Latza 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aims of this study were to determine if there was an increased risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes and an increase in arterial stiffness in participants who reported working 41–54 h per week and more than 55 h compared to those who worked 40 h or less over a time interval of 5 years.

Methods
In a subsample of the population-based prospective Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) study, we examined working participants younger than 65 years at baseline (n = 7241) and after 5 years. To test the association of working time at baseline and incident cardiovascular events and diabetes type II, we estimated hazard ratios (HR) using competing risks models. For a change in the arterial stiffness index (SI) based on assessment using a Pulse Trace PCA2 device, we used multivariate linear regression models.

Results
The SI increased in those working more than 55 h per week (beta coefficiant = 0.32 m/s (95% CI 0.07–0.58) compared to those working 40 h and less after adjustment for sex, age and SES. Due to small numbers there was no significant association of working hours and clinically manifest cardiovascular events and diabetes type II in the 5-year follow-up time.

Conclusions
Further studies are needed to confirm the results on working hours and arterial stiffness. Analyses of the 10-year follow-up with more events may clarify the results for incident cardiovascular events and metabolic outcomes.
Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease in children: a brief overview
Authors: Dowsett Thomas , Oni Louise 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnti-glomerular basement membrane disease (Anti-GBM), previously known as Goodpasture syndrome, is an extremely rare cause of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and chronic kidney disease stage 5 (CKD5) in children. It is associated with acute pulmonary haemorrhage and it has a poor prognosis. It is classified as an autoimmune, small-vessel vasculitis caused by autoantibody formation against the alpha-3 chain in type IV collagen found in the glomerular basement membrane. Evidence of anti-GBM antibodies in serum or histologically are required for diagnosis. Treatment in children is based on very limited adult data and often involves the use of acute apheresis to rapidly remove circulating factors coupled with intensive immunosuppression such as cyclophosphamide and intravenous corticosteroids. There is also an emerging role for the use of biologic agents such as B cell depletion. The evidence base in children with anti-GBM disease is extremely limited. Multi-centre international collaboration is required to provide insight into this disease, better describe its prognosis and work towards improving outcomes. This review article summarises the key features of this disease in children, highlights treatment options and considers areas of unmet need.
Towards compatibility of EUnetHTA JCA methodology and German HTA: a systematic comparison and recommendations from an industry perspective
Authors: Kisser Agnes , Knieriemen Joschua , Fasan Annette , Eberle Karolin , Hogger Sara , Werner Sebastian , Taube Tina , Rasch Andrej 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective
The transferability of the EU joint clinical assessment (JCA) reports for pharmaceuticals for the German benefit assessment was evaluated by systematically comparing EU JCA and German clinical assessments (CA) based on established assessment elements for HTA and assessing the potential impact of differences on Federal Joint Committee (Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss, G-BA) ability to derive the therapeutic added value.

Methods
Identification of all pharmaceuticals undergoing both, EU JCA and German CA between January 2016–June 2020. Qualitative review and data extraction from the assessments, assessment of methodological differences using a hierarchical model. Recommendations for harmonisation were developed and consented with pharmaceutical industry stakeholders.

Results
Differences with potentially major impact: (1) View on differing treatment algorithms and definition of corresponding subpopulations/respective comparators. (2) Clinical relevance of surrogate/intermediate endpoints. Inclusion of different/surrogate morbidity endpoints resulting in different relative effectiveness conclusions. (3) Tolerance of study interventions not used according to marketing authorisation. (4) Different operationalisation and/or weighting of individual safety endpoints leading to differing relative safety conclusions. Differences with potentially minor impact: (1) Disagreement in risk of bias assessment for overall survival and its robustness against study limitations. (2) Use of patient-reported outcome symptom scales as measurements for health-related quality of life instruments.

Conclusion
While many synergies between EU JCA and German CA exist, we identified several aspects in HTA methodology that would benefit of harmonisation and ensure the transferability of future EU JCA to the German HTA process without duplicated evaluation requirements. For those, a set of recommendations was developed.
Causes with material continuity
Authors: Ross Lauren N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent philosophical work on causation has focused on distinctions across types of causal relationships. This paper argues for another distinction that has yet to receive attention in this work. This distinction has to do with whether causal relationships have “material continuity,” which refers to the reliable movement of material from cause to effect. This paper provides an analysis of material continuity and argues that causal relationships with this feature (1) are associated with a unique explanatory perspective, (2) are studied with distinct causal investigative methods, and (3) provide different types of causal control over their effects.
Helicity and spin conservation in linearized gravity
Authors: Aghapour Sajad , Andersson Lars , Bhattacharyya Reebhu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe duality-symmetric, Maxwell-like, formulation of linearized gravity introduced by Barnett (New J Phys 16, 2014) is used to generalize the conservation laws for helicity, the spin part of angular momentum, and spin-flux, to the case of linearized gravity. These conservation laws have been shown to follow from the conservation property of the helicity array, an analog of Lipkin’s zilch tensor. The analog of the helicity array for linearized gravity is constructed and is shown to be conserved.