bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct feedback and social conformity promote behavioral change via mechanisms indexed by centroparietal positivity: Electrophysiological evidence from a role‐swapping ultimatum game
Authors: Bogdan Paul C. , Moore Matthew , Kuznietsov Illia , Frank Justin D. , Federmeier Kara D. , Dolcos Sanda , Dolcos Florin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOur behavior is shaped by multiple factors, including direct feedback (seeing the outcomes of our past actions) and social observation (in part, via a drive to conform to other peoples' behaviors). However, it remains unclear how these two processes are linked in the context of behavioral change. This is important to investigate, as behavioral change is associated with distinct neural correlates that reflect specific aspects of processing, such as information integration and rule updating. To clarify whether these processes characterize both direct learning and conformity, we elicited the two within the same task, using a role‐swapping version of the Ultimatum Game—a fairness paradigm where subjects decide how to share a pot of money with other players—while electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded. Behavioral results showed that subjects decided how to divide the pot based on both direct feedback (seeing whether their past proposals were accepted or rejected) and social observation (copying the splits that others just proposed). Converging EEG evidence revealed that increased centroparietal positivity (P2, P3b, and late positivity) indexed behavioral changes motivated by direct feedback and those motivated by drives to conform. However, exploratory analyses also suggest that these two motivating factors may also be dissociable, and that frontal midline theta oscillations may predict behavioral changes linked to direct feedback but not conformity. Overall, this study provides novel electrophysiological evidence regarding the different forms of behavioral change. These findings are also relevant for understanding the mechanisms of social information processing that underlie successful cooperation.
Phylogeny, biogeography and diversification of the mining bee family Andrenidae
Authors: Bossert Silas , Wood Thomas J. , Patiny Sébastien , Michez Denis , Almeida Eduardo A. B. , Minckley Robert L. , Packer Laurence , Neff John L. , Copeland Robert S. , Straka Jakub , Pauly Alain , Griswold Terry , Brady Seán G. , Danforth Bryan N. , Murray Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe mining bees (Andrenidae) are a major bee family of over 3000 described species with a nearly global distribution. They are a particularly significant component of northern temperate ecosystems and are critical pollinators in natural and agricultural settings. Despite their ecological and evolutionary significance, our knowledge of the evolutionary history of Andrenidae is sparse and insufficient to characterize their spatiotemporal origin and phylogenetic relationships. This limits our ability to understand the diversification dynamics that led to the second most species‐rich genus of all bees, Andrena Fabricius, and the most species‐rich North American genus, Perdita Smith. Here, we develop a comprehensive genomic dataset of 195 species of Andrenidae, including all major lineages, to illuminate the evolutionary history of the family. Using fossil‐informed divergence time estimates, we characterize macroevolutionary dynamics, incorporate paleoclimatic information, and present our findings in the context of diversification rate estimates for all other bee tribes. We found that diversification rates of Andrenidae steeply increased over the past 15 million years, particularly in the genera Andrena and Perdita. This suggests that these two groups and the brood parasites of the genus Nomada Scopoli (Apidae), which are the primary cleptoparasitic counterparts of Andrena, are similar in age and represent the fastest diversifying lineages of all bees. Using our newly developed time frame of andrenid evolution, we estimate a late Cretaceous origin in South America for the family and reconstruct the past dispersal events that led to its present‐day distribution.
Bulk segregation analysis in the NGS era: a review of its teenage years
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Xu Yuhui 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYBulk segregation analysis (BSA) utilizes a strategy of pooling individuals with extreme phenotypes to conduct economical and rapidly linked marker screening or quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. With the development of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology in the past 10 years, BSA methods and technical systems have been gradually developed and improved. At the same time, the ever‐decreasing costs of sequencing accelerate NGS‐based BSA application in different species, including eukaryotic yeast, grain crops, economic crops, horticultural crops, trees, aquatic animals, and insects. This paper provides a landscape of BSA methods and reviews the BSA development process in the past decade, including the sequencing method for BSA, different populations, different mapping algorithms, associated region threshold determination, and factors affecting BSA mapping. Finally, we summarize related strategies in QTL fine mapping combining BSA.
Eugenol functions as a signal mediating cold and drought tolerance via UGT71A59‐mediated glucosylation in tea plants
Authors: Zhao Mingyue , Jin Jieyang , Wang Jingming , Gao Ting , Luo Yu , Jing Tingting , Hu Yutong , Pan Yuting , Lu Mengqian , Schwab Wilfried , Song Chuankui 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYCold and drought stress are the most critical stresses encountered by crops and occur simultaneously under field conditions. However, it is unclear whether volatiles contribute to both cold and drought tolerance, and if so, by what mechanisms they act. Here, we show that airborne eugenol can be taken up by the tea (Camellia sinensis) plant and metabolized into glycosides, thus enhancing cold and drought tolerance of tea plants. A uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐glucosyltransferase, UGT71A59, was discovered, whose expression is strongly induced by multiple abiotic stresses. UGT71A59 specifically catalyzes glucosylation of eugenol glucoside in vitro and in vivo. Suppression of UGT71A59 expression in tea reduced the accumulation of eugenol glucoside, lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, and ultimately impaired cold and drought stress tolerance. Exposure to airborne eugenol triggered a marked increase in UGT71A59 expression, eugenol glucoside accumulation, and cold tolerance by modulating ROS accumulation and CBF1 expression. It also promoted drought tolerance by altering abscisic acid homeostasis and stomatal closure. CBF1 and CBF3 play positive roles in eugenol‐induced cold tolerance and CBF2 may be a negative regulator of eugenol‐induced cold tolerance in tea plants. These results provide evidence that eugenol functions as a signal in cold and drought tolerance regulation and shed new light on the biological functions of volatiles in the response to multiple abiotic stresses in plants.
The first responder exposure to contaminating powder on dog fur during intranasal and intramuscular naloxone administration
Authors: Essler Jennifer L. , Smith Paige G. , Ruge Carrie E. , Darling Tracy A. , Barr Ciara A. , Otto Cynthia M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether first responders delivering naloxone by either the IM or intranasal (IN) route were at risk of contamination with inert powder simulating canine opioid exposure.DesignProspective, crossover design.SettingResearch study (university setting).AnimalsTen clinically normal working dogs ranging from 9 to 44 months were enrolled based on training to detect odor and ability to be restrained with minimal stress. All enrolled dogs completed both arms of the study without adverse effects.InterventionsDogs were randomly assigned to fentanyl reversal with either IM or IN naloxone and then the alternate treatment after a 7‐day washout period. Prior to reversal, dogs’ heads were brushed with an inert glow‐in‐the‐dark powder. First responders (the same 2 individuals for all dogs) performing the reversal were photographed under ultraviolet light prior to and 5 min after administering the medication. Digital photographs were scored by body region for presence of glowing powder by observers blinded to timing of photograph (pre‐ or postreversal) and route of reversal (IM vs IN).Measurements and Main ResultsCompared to pretreatment, the inert powder scores were higher after treatment regardless of route of naloxone administration (P < 0.001). IN administration led to higher contamination than IM naloxone, particularly in the chest area (P = 0.012).ConclusionsBoth IN and IM naloxone administration to dogs with clinical signs of opioid exposure result in a risk of first responders becoming contaminated with powder, which could include opioids. Awareness, proper personal protective equipment, and appropriate posttreatment decontamination are important to reduce risk of inadvertent exposure of mucous membranes to these contaminating powders.
A Comparative Study of Virtual Footwear Try-On Applications in Virtual and Augmented Reality
Authors: Chu Chih-Hsing , Chen Yi-An , Huang Ying-Yin , Lee Yun-Ju 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Virtual try-on technology (VTO) in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) has been developed for years to create novel shopping experiences for users by allowing them to virtually wear fashion products. Compared to garments or facial accessories, fewer studies have focused on virtual footwear try-on, regardless of user study or technical development. Thus, it is necessary to examine the effectiveness of existing VTO applications on the user's affective responses. In this study, we compared the user experience of three different footwear try-on methods (real, VR, and AR) with both physiological and psychological measures. Subjects conducted a try-on experiment on different pairs of sneakers. Each subject’s gaze trajectory was recorded using an eye tracker and analyzed to show his/her visual attention in each method. Afterward, the subjects completed questionnaires to assess the sense of presence, usability, and the user experience score for the try-on processes, and subsequently attended a think-aloud procedure to express their thoughts. The analysis results of the collected data showed that the user experience produced by the VR and AR try-on is not comparable to that of the real environment. The results also revealed factors that negatively affect the quality of the user's interaction with the processes. These findings may provide insights into further improvements in VTO technology.
A Short Inroad to Optimized Compactification of Composite Neutronic Shields
Authors: Haidar Nassar H. S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Compact neutronic shields for mobile nuclear reactors or accelerator-based neutron beams are known to be optimized multilayered composites. This paper is a simplified short inroad to the complex problem of optimizing the design of such shields when they attenuate a neutron beam to extremise certain quality criteria, in plane geometry, subject to equality and inequality constraints. In the equality constraints, the interfacial polychromatic neutron fluxes are solutions to course-mesh finite difference holonomic state equations. The set of these interfacial fluxes act as state variables, while the set of layer thicknesses, or their poisoning (by added neutron absorbers) concentrations are decision variables. The entire procedure is then demonstrated to be reducible to standard Kuhn-Tucker semilinear programing that may also lead robustly to an optimal sequence for these layers.
Human intrinsic choroidal neurons do not alter the expression of intrinsic markers in response to pressure
Authors: Platzl Christian , Kaser-Eichberger Alexandra , Wolfmeier Heidi , Trost Andrea , Schroedl Falk 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe choroid is densely innervated by all parts of the autonomic nervous system and further harbours a network of local nerve cells, the intrinsic choroidal neurons (ICN). Their function in ocular control is currently unknown. While morphological data assume a role in intraocular pressure regulation, we here test if increased pressure on isolated choroids may activate ICN.MethodsDonor tissue was transferred into a pressurisable tissue culture chamber, and nasal and temporal choroid halves incubated for 1 or 4 hours, with pressures set to 15 or 50 mm Hg, followed by qRT-PCR expression analysis of the ICN-specific markers VIP, UCN, NOS1, UCH-L1. POL2-normalised data in the different pressure settings, incubation times and localisations were statistically analysed.ResultsThe presence of the ICN-specific markers VIP, UCN, NOS1, UCH-L1 was confirmed using immunohistochemistry, and mRNA of all markers was detected in all experimental conditions. Marker analysis revealed no significant changes of mRNA expression levels between 15 and 50 mm Hg in the different incubation times. When comparing all samples over all experimental conditions, a significant increase of VIP and NOS1 mRNA was detected in temporal versus nasal choroids.ConclusionIn this functional analysis of human ICN in vitro, higher amounts of VIP and NOS1 mRNA were detected in the temporal choroid, that is, the choroidal site with ICN accumulation. Further, our data indicate that elevated pressure is apparently not able to trigger ICN responses via the investigated markers. Alternative markers and stimuli need to be investigated in upcoming studies in order to unravel ICN function.
Kyushu and Okinawa Population Study (KOPS): a large prospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Ikezaki Hiroaki , Furusyo Norihiro , Nakashima Ryoko , Umemoto Makiko , Yamamoto Ken , Matsumoto Yuji , Ohta Azusa , Yamasaki Sho , Hiramine Satoshi , Takayama Koji , Ogawa Eiichi , Toyoda Kazuhiro , Murata Masayuki , Shimono Nobuyuki , Hayashi Jun 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThe Kyushu and Okinawa Population Study (KOPS) was established to investigate gene–environmental interactions in non-communicable diseases in Japan. Besides collecting blood samples and anthropometric measurements, we also obtained medical histories, psychological status and lifestyle habits, including physical activities and dietary patterns.ParticipantsKOPS is a community-based prospective cohort study and consists of participants from four southwestern areas in Japan. Baseline surveys were conducted between 2004 and 2007 (wave 1), and 2009 and 2012 (wave 2) at the sites of municipality-based health check-ups. A total of 17 077 participants were included, comprising 10 697 participants of wave 1 and 6380 participants of wave 2; the median age in both groups was 61 years. Among them, 3006 individuals participated in both wave 1 and wave 2 surveys.Findings to dateWe have focused on either risk or confounding factors for non-communicable diseases. We have assessed the clinical utility of the newly developed biomarkers for impaired glucose tolerance, such as urinary myo-inositol and glycated albumin, and atherosclerosis, such as small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We have conducted an international collaborative study with Framingham Offspring Study to investigate ethnic differences in impaired glucose tolerance and cardiovascular diseases. We have found that insulin resistance and deficiency might account for the ethnic differences in impaired glucose tolerance and cardiovascular disease risks. As gene–environmental interaction analyses, we found a synergic effect ofinterleukin 28Bsingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gender on the spontaneous elimination of hepatitis C, and a beneficial interaction of SNPs of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and gender on the impact of physical activity. In addition, we reported eight novel loci contributing to the development and severity of coronary artery disease from a large genome-wide association study.Future plansWe plan to investigate further the clinical utility of the newly developed biomarkers and the gene–environmental interactions using prospective data.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is not predictive of cardiac events in patients with non-low-risk chest pain
Authors: Ashburn Nicklaus P , Snavely Anna C , Allen Brandon R , Christenson Robert H , Herrington David M , Hiestand Brian C , Miller Chadwick D , Stopyra Jason P , Mahler Simon A 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundPrior studies suggest monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) may be useful for risk stratifying ED patients with chest pain. We hypothesise that MCP-1 will be predictive of 90-day major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in non-low-risk patients.MethodsA case–control study was nested within a prospective multicentre cohort (STOP-CP), which enrolled adult patients being evaluated for acute coronary syndrome at eight US EDs from 25 January 2017 to 06 September 2018. Patients with a History, ECG, Age, and Risk factor score (HEAR score) ≥4 or coronary artery disease (CAD), a non-ischaemic ECG, and non-elevated contemporary troponins at 0 and 3 hours were included. Cases were patients with 90-day MACE (all-cause death, myocardial infarction or revascularisation). Controls were patients without MACE selected with frequency matching using age, sex, race, and HEAR score or the presence of CAD. Serum MCP-1 was measured. Sensitivity and specificity were determined for cut-off points of 194 pg/mL, 200 pg/mL, 238 pg/mL and 281 pg/mL. Logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, race, and HEAR score/presence of CAD was used to determine the association between MCP-1 and 90-day MACE. A separate logistic model also included high-sensitivity troponin (hs-cTnT).ResultsAmong 40 cases and 179 controls, there was no difference in age (p=0.90), sex (p=1.00), race (p=0.85), or HEAR score/presence of CAD (p=0.89). MCP-1 was similar in cases (median 191.9 pg/mL, IQR: 161.8–260.1) and controls (median 196.6 pg/mL, IQR: 163.0–261.1) (p=0.48). At a cut-off point of 194 pg/mL, MCP-1 was 50.0% (95% CI 33.8% to 66.2%) sensitive and 46.9% (95% CI 39.4% to 54.5%) specific for 90-day MACE. After adjusting for covariates, MCP-1 was not associated with 90-day MACE at any cut-off point (at 194 pg/mL, OR 0.88 (95% CI 0.43 to 1.79)). When including hs-cTnT in the model, MCP-1 was not associated with 90-day MACE at any cut-off point (at 194 pg/mL, OR 0.85 (95% CI 0.42 to 1.73)).ConclusionMCP-1 is not predictive of 90-day MACE in patients with non-low-risk chest pain.
Higher chances of survival to hospital admission after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in patients with previously diagnosed heart disease
Authors: van Dongen Laura H , Blom Marieke T , de Haas Sandra C M , van Weert Henk C P M , Elders Petra J M , Tan Hanno L 
Published: December 2021

AimThis study aimed to determine whether patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with a pre-OHCA diagnosis of heart disease have higher survival chances than patients without such a diagnosis and to explore possible underlying mechanisms.MethodsA retrospective cohort study in 3760 OHCA patients from the Netherlands (2010–2016) was performed. Information from emergency medical services, treating hospitals, general practitioner, resuscitation ECGs and civil registry was used to assess medical histories and the presence of pre-OHCA diagnosis of heart disease. We used multivariable regression analysis to calculate associations with survival to hospital admission or discharge, immediate causes of OHCA (acute myocardial infarction (AMI) vs non-AMI) and initial recorded rhythm.ResultsOverall, 48.1% of OHCA patients had pre-OHCA heart disease. These patients had higher odds to survive to hospital admission than patients without pre-OHCA heart disease (OR 1.25 (95%CI 1.05 to 1.47)), despite being older and more often having cardiovascular risk factors and some non-cardiac comorbidities. These patients also had higher odds of shockable initial rhythm (SIR) (OR 1.60 (1. 36 to 1.89)) and a lower odds of AMI as immediate cause of OHCA (OR 0.33 (0.25 to 0.42)). Their chances of survival to hospital discharge were not significantly larger (OR 1.16 (0.95 to 1.42)).ConclusionHaving pre-OHCA diagnosed heart disease is associated with better odds to survive to hospital admission, but not to hospital discharge. This is associated with higher odds of a SIR and in a subgroup with available diagnosis a lower proportion of AMI as immediate cause of OHCA.
Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and subclinical atherosclerosis in Western and Asian cohorts: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Wong Mark Yu Zheng , Yap Jonathan Jiunn Liang , Sultana Rehena , Cheah Mark , Goh George Boon Bee , Yeo Khung Keong 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with ethnic and regional differences noted. With the recent surge of research within this field, we re-examine the evidence associating NAFLD with subclinical atherosclerosis, and investigate potential regional differences.MethodsThis is a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed and EMBASE were systematically searched for publications from January 1967 to July 2020 using standardised criteria. Original, observational studies investigating the association between NAFLD and either carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and/or coronary artery calcification (CAC) were included. Key outcomes included differences in mean CIMT, the presence of increased CIMT, the presence of CAC and the development/progression of CAC. Pooled ORs and pooled standard differences in means were calculated using random-effects models. Between-study heterogeneity was quantified using the Q statistic and I². Subgroup analyses stratified by region of study (Asian vs Western) were also conducted.Results64 studies involving a total of 172 385 participants (67 404 with NAFLD) were included. 44 studies assessed the effect of NAFLD on CIMT, with the presence of NAFLD associated with increased CIMT (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.56). 22 studies assessed the effects of NAFLD on CAC score, with the presence of NAFLD associated with the presence of any coronary calcification (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.32), and the development/progression of CAC (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.52). When stratified by region, these associations remained consistent across both Asian and Western populations (p>0.05). The majority (n=39) of studies were classified as ‘high quality’, with the remaining 25 of ‘moderate quality’.ConclusionsThere is a significant positive association between various measures of subclinical atherosclerosis and NAFLD, seen across both Western and Asian populations. These results re-emphasise the importance of early risk evaluation and prophylactic intervention measures to preclude progression to clinical cardiovascular disease in patients with NAFLD.