bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehension of Morse Code Predicted by Item Recall From Short-Term Memory
Authors: Guediche Sara , Fiez Julie A. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Morse code as a form of communication became widely used for telegraphy, radio and maritime communication, and military operations, and remains popular with ham radio operators. Some skilled users of Morse code are able to comprehend a full sentence as they listen to it, while others must first transcribe the sentence into its written letter sequence. Morse thus provides an interesting opportunity to examine comprehension differences in the context of skilled acoustic perception. Measures of comprehension and short-term memory show a strong correlation across multiple forms of communication. This study tests whether this relationship holds for Morse and investigates its underlying basis. Our analyses examine Morse and speech immediate serial recall, focusing on established markers of echoic storage, phonological-articulatory coding, and lexical-semantic support. We show a relationship between Morse short-term memory and Morse comprehension that is not explained by Morse perceptual fluency. In addition, we find that poorer serial recall for Morse compared to speech is primarily due to poorer item memory for Morse, indicating differences in lexical-semantic support. Interestingly, individual differences in speech item memory are also predictive of individual differences in Morse comprehension.

Conclusions

We point to a psycholinguistic framework to account for these results, concluding that Morse functions like “reading for the ears” (
Maier et al., 2004
) and that underlying differences in the integration of phonological and lexical-semantic knowledge impact both short-term memory and comprehension. The results provide insight into individual differences in the comprehension of degraded speech and strategies that build comprehension through listening experience.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16451868
Bargaining solutions in heterogeneous networks: A reinforcement learning‐based approach
Authors: Ebrahimkhani Atena , Akhbari Bahareh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo enhance the performance and the coverage area of the next‐generation heterogeneous wireless networks (HetNets), smaller cells such as femtocells are deployed. A reasonable resource allocation strategy is crucial for the operation of such systems. In this work, the Nash bargaining solution (NBS), Kalai–Smorodinsky bargaining solution (KSBS), and a proposed bargaining solution, which is the combination of NBS and KSBS, are studied to ensure the efficiency and fairness in the transmission rate allocation among femtocells. The mentioned bargaining solutions are optimised subject to the rate constraints due to the Han–Kobayashi (HK) rate splitting scheme, and a maximum tolerable interference caused by femtocell base stations (FBSs) at the macrocell user equipment. Two methods are used to address the bargaining solutions' optimisations. First, the conventional optimisation‐based method is used for the situations where the channel gains are known, then a reinforcement learning‐based algorithm for a real environment is proposed without being aware of the channel gains. To accelerate the speed of the learning process and to initialise the values of quality functions, the hotbooting technique is used. The bargaining solutions are compared by fairness and efficiency criteria in both methods. Numerical simulations show that the proposed reinforcement learning‐based algorithm achieves the same performance derived from the conventional optimisation method. First, this paper studies the two well‐known Nash and Kalai–Smorodinsky bargaining solutions as the good tools to establish fairness in rate allocation problem among femtocells in a HetNet. Then a new bargaining solution is proposed as the combination of the two bargaining solutions. The fairness and the efficiency of the allocated rates to femtocells as the output of optimisation problems of bargaining solutions are compared via Jain index criterion (as the fairness metric) and inverse price of anarchy criterion (as the efficiency metric). Moreover, the femtocell base stations are allowed to use Han–Kobayashi signalling scheme to send their signals in private and common messages which results in the best‐known achievable rate region. Two methods are used to solve the optimisation problems: the conventional optimisation method and the reinforcement learning‐based method (to formulate a real‐world model with the unknown channel gains). It is shown that the proposed bargaining solution (in both methods) results in fairer rates than Nash and Kalai–Smorodinsky bargaining solutions while all of them are efficient.
Compact wideband balun bandpass filter based on half‐mode corrugated slot
Authors: Lu Jiayuan , Zhang Hao Chi , Wei Cunyue , Wang Jianpeng , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA design method of compact wideband balun bandpass filter (BPF) with high selectivity based on corrugated slot is proposed here. To realize wideband balun response in compact size, metal strips are deployed parallel to the half‐mode corrugated slot (HMCS). Besides, the coupling of corrugated slot to the metal stripline provides the conversion of slot to microstrip structure at the balanced ports. By placing a pair of resonators at the balanced ports, a wideband balun BPF response with high selectivity can be realized. In addition, a U‐shaped resonator is also loaded at the end of the corrugated slot to suppress harmonics. Afterwards, a compact wideband balun BPF centred at 2.42 GHz with 3‐dB FBW of 45% is designed, fabricated, and measured. The effective size is 0.13λg × 0.39λg (λg is the guided wavelength of the centre frequency) and the measured results indicate that the magnitude imbalance is less than 0.45 dB and the phase imbalance is less than 4.8° within the operation frequency band.
Hochintensives Intervalltraining in der kardiologischen
Rehabilitation: Anders, aber besser?
Authors: Nebel Roland 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungKörperliches Training ist eine klinisch bewährte,
kosteneffektive, primäre Intervention zur Prävention und
Behandlung zahlreicher chronischer Erkrankungen. Ergebnisse einer Meta-Analyse
zur Primärprävention zeigen, dass unabhängig von Alter
und Geschlecht eine signifikante inverse Beziehung zwischen der
Bewegungsintensität und der Gesamtsterblichkeit besteht. Bei Gesunden
ist die relative Intensität, nicht aber die Dauer der Belastung mit
einer Senkung sowohl der Gesamt- wie auch der KHK-Mortalität verbunden,
bei älteren Menschen eine höhere Trainingsintensität mit
einem größeren positiven Effekt auf die KHK-Inzidenz
assoziiert.Intervalltraining ist gekennzeichnet durch einen Wechsel von Belastungs- und
Erholungsphasen. Diese Form des Trainings ermöglicht, in den
Belastungsphasen wiederholt über einen definierten Zeitraum eine hohe
Intensität aufrechtzuerhalten. Es wird oft als angenehmer empfunden und
ermöglicht, ein effektives Training in kürzerer Zeitdauer zu
absolvieren. Dies ist bedeutsam vor dem Hintergrund, dass
„Zeitmangel“ die meistgenannte Barriere bei der Adhärenz
an körperliche Aktivität ist.Bereits in den 1990er-Jahren wurden im Setting der kardiologischen Rehabilitation
erste Erfahrungen mit Intervalltraining bei Patienten gesammelt. Bisherige
Untersuchungen zeigen übereinstimmend, dass hohe
Trainingsintensitäten auch von Patienten mit hohem
kardiovaskulärem Risiko bzw. manifesten, stabilen und
medikamentös adäquat therapierten Herzkreislauferkrankungen gut
toleriert werden und nicht mit einem erhöhten Risiko für den
individuellen Patienten einhergehen.Bei zukünftigen rehabilitationswissenschaftlichen und anwendungsbezogenen
Untersuchungen des Intervalltrainings sollte differenzierter der Impetus auf
Einhaltung der vorgebenden Protokolle, d.h. des Gesamt-Energieumsatzes) gelegt
werden, um für spezifische Patientengruppen differenzierte Empfehlungen
geben zu können.
Differential Diagnosis and Prognosis of Fetuses with Bilateral Enlarged, Hyperechogenic Kidneys: Renal Volume and Amniotic Fluid Volume with Advancing Gestation
Authors: Morr Ann-Katrin , Mosimann Beatrice , Tschumi Sibylle , Surbek Daniel , Raio Luigi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction This study’s objective was to identify prenatal criteria helping differential diagnosis of bilateral enlarged, hyperechogenic kidneys, especially looking at development of renal volume and amniotic fluid volume with increasing gestational age.
Method Retrospective analysis (single-center database) of all bilateral enlarged, hyperechogenic kidneys between 2000–2018. Renal enlargement was defined as renal volume>90th percentile. Evaluation included development of renal and amniotic fluid volume during pregnancy and fetal outcome.
Results 23 cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 12 pregnancies were terminated. For 11 continued pregnancies, longitudinal information on amniotic fluid volume and renal volume were available. 4 cases with oligohydramnios showed a progressive reduction; 6 cases with normal/increased amniotic fluid volume remained stable; in 1 case amniotic fluid volume normalized from initially being oligohydramnios. Regarding renal volume, 4 cases showed exponential enlargement, 3 cases linear progression; in 2 cases renal volume stabilized after initial progression; 2 cases showed initial progression and secondary regression. 4 fetuses survived: 3 autosomal dominant polycystic kidney diseases, 1 Bardet-Biedl syndrome.
Conclusion Progressive reduction of amniotic fluid volume with exponential increase of renal volume is highly suggestive for autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease show a linear progression of renal volume>90th percentile and mostly normal amniotic fluid volume.
Choroid Plexectomy for Hydrocephalus Management in a Pediatric Patient with a Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Authors: Collins Reagan A. , Tu Brittany , Nagy Laszlo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Choroid plexectomy is a debated surgical intervention for the treatment of hydranencephaly and chronic infected hydrocephalus. We present a case of a 2-year-old with multiple shunt revisions and hydrocephalus secondary to a pilocytic astrocytoma. He presented with new somnolence, vomiting, and abdominal distension 5 months post subtotal tumor resection, with a history of shunt revisions and infections related to his chemotherapy-induced low white blood cell count. He underwent choroid plexus coagulation and resection. Three years post choroid plexectomy, the patient continues to meet neurodevelopmental milestones and is shunt independent. While ventricular shunt placement is the most common course of treatment, choroid plexectomy should be considered as an alternative treatment of hydrocephalus secondary to other neurological disorders, especially when the patient is immunocompromised, to avoid the recurrent infections seen with shunt placement.
From Anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Immune Response to Cancer Onset via Molecular Mimicry and Cross-Reactivity
Authors: Kanduc Darja 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background and Objectives Whether exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may predispose to the risk of cancer in individuals with no prior cancers is a crucial question that remains unclear. To confirm/refute possible relationships between exposure to the virus and ex novo insurgence of tumors, this study analyzed molecular mimicry and the related cross-reactive potential between SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (gp) antigen and human tumor-suppressor proteins.
Materials and Methods Tumor-associated proteins were retrieved from UniProt database and analyzed for pentapeptide sharing with SARS-CoV-2 spike gp by using publicly available databases.
Results An impressively high level of molecular mimicry exists between SARS-CoV-2 spike gp and tumor-associated proteins. Numerically, 294 tumor-suppressor proteins share 308 pentapeptides with the viral antigen. Crucially, the shared peptides have a relevant immunologic potential by repeatedly occurring in experimentally validated epitopes. Such immunologic potential is of further relevancy in that most of the shared peptides are also present in infectious pathogens to which, in general, human population has already been exposed, thus indicating the possibility of immunologic imprint phenomena.
Conclusion This article described a vast peptide overlap between SARS-CoV-2 spike gp and tumor-suppressor proteins, and supports autoimmune cross-reactivity as a potential mechanism underlying prospective cancer insurgence following exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Clinically, the findings call for close surveillance of tumor sequelae that possibly could result from the current coronavirus pandemic.
Negotiation of knowledge for coastal management? Reflections from a transdisciplinary experiment in South Africa
Authors: Celliers Louis , Scott Dianne , Ngcoya Mvuselelo , Taljaard Susan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHybrid science-society approaches for knowledge production are often framed by a transdisciplinary approach. Most forms of “linear” progression of science informing policy or the “production” of knowledge as a one-way process are increasingly being challenged. This is also true for coastal and marine sciences informing decision-making to support sustainable development of coastal areas. From the early 2010s, South Africa had one of the most progressive and well-structured frameworks for the establishment of integrated coastal management (ICM) in order to achieve societal objectives for its valuable coastal area. Even so, the implementation of the legislation, policies and guidelines remain a challenge, especially at the local level in municipalities. This paper reports on a social experiment that was intended to examine the possibility for a new knowledge negotiation process to unsettle the highly structured, nested and regular policy process, which forms the basis of ICM in South Africa. This paper reflects on an experimental application of a participatory methodology known as a “competency group” to co-produce knowledge for coastal and marine management. The group members, a combination of codified, tacit and embedded knowledge holders, agreed to serve on a competency group and met on six occasions over a 12-month period in 2013. This group “negotiated” amongst themselves to achieve a common understanding of knowledge useful for the management of beach water quality on the Golden Mile, the prime beachfront of Durban, a South African city. The paper provides a novel lens into a potentially distinctive, challenging and imminently useful approach of co-producing knowledge for coastal governance, especially in a middle-income country where the social and political context is complex.
Bandgap mechanism and vibration reduction property of wave-resistance sleeper with negative effective mass density
Authors: Cui Rixin , Zhou Jinsong , Gong Dao , Tian Shiqiao 
Published: September 2021

Based on the capability of controlling low-frequency elastic waves in solids with subwavelength size, locally resonant phononic crystals have potential applications in track vibration reduction. By periodically embedding 3D locally resonant unit cells (LRUCs) in a concrete matrix, a wave-resistance sleeper with a negative effective mass density is proposed, and the generation mechanism of the bandgap and parameter sensitivity are studied. Furthermore, the vibration mitigation performance of the wave-resistance sleeper applied to the ballastless track is analyzed. The results show that the local resonance of the LRUC results in negative responses in the wave-resistance sleeper to the vibration excitation, and a bandgap is generated in this frequency range. By changing the elastic modulus of the coating or the core density, the boundary frequencies of the bandgap of the wave-resistance sleeper can be effectively adjusted, and the bandwidth can be expanded by increasing the ratio of core radius to coating thickness, or by increasing the filling fraction, and adopting a thinner steel spherical shell. The bandgap of the wave-resistance sleeper was verified by test results. Based on the local resonance mechanism, the wave-resistance sleeper can effectively prohibit vibrations at multiple design frequencies from transmitting to the track bed.
How people feel about their job: effects of regulatory mode on positivity and job satisfaction (¿Cómo se sienten las personas sobre su trabajo?: los efectos del modo regulatorio en la positividad y la satisfacción laboral)
Authors: Lo Destro Calogero , Di Santo Daniela , Pierro Antonio , Talamo Alessandra , Alessandri Guido , Caprara Gian-Vittorio 
Published: September 2021

The main goal of the present study was to analyse the effects of regulatory modes (i.e., assessment and locomotion) on both positivity and job satisfaction. Furthermore, we explored the mediating role of positivity in the relationship between regulatory modes and job satisfaction. In order to test our hypotheses, we recruited employees ( N = 563) from 8 Italian organizations, and obtained their individual (a) scores on the Regulatory Mode Scale, (b) ratings of positivity, and (c) overall job satisfaction. Two separate moderated multiple regression analyses were run to test the main effect and the interactions of the regulatory modes on the two outcome measures. In line with our hypotheses, the results revealed that assessment negatively predicted both positivity and job satisfaction, whereas locomotion positively predicted those variables. Furthermore, the results showed that employees showing a specific self-regulation pattern (i.e., the combination of high assessment and low locomotion) experienced lower positivity and lower job satisfaction. Finally, using a mediated moderation analysis, it was found that the relationship between regulatory modes and job satisfaction was significantly mediated by positivity.
Establishment of an HPLC Method for Determination of Coumarin-3-Carboxylic Acid Analogues in Rat Plasma and a Preliminary Study on Their Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Xiong Yan , Liu Yong-Hong , Li Jian-Sha , Zhang Yu-Ying , Zhang Jing , Gong Tao , Jiang Xin-Hui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA simple high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid analogues (C3AA) in rat plasma and a preliminary study on pharmacokinetics. Ferulic acid (FA) was used as the internal standard substance, and coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (C3A) was used as a substitute for quantitative C3AA. After protein precipitation with methanol, the satisfactory separation was achieved on an ODS2 column when the temperature was maintained at 30 ± 2°C. The correlation coefficient r in the C3A linear equation is equal to 0.9990. Pharmacokinetic parameters for t1/2, Tmax, Cmax, area under the curve (AUC)0-t, average residence time (MRT), apparent volume of distribution (V z/F) and clearance (Cl/F) were 1.89 ± 0.03 h, 0.39 ± 0.14 h, 1.81 ± 0.10 g· mL−1 ·h, 7.88 ± 0.24 g·mL−1·h, 3.23 ± 0.14 h, 0.43 ± 0.03 (mg·kg−1)·(g·mL−1)−1·h−1, respectively. The high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array detector (HPLC-PDA) method established in this study can be used to separate and determine the content of C3AA in plasma of rats after 60% ethanol extraction by gavage. The plasma concentration-time curve and pharmacokinetic parameters reflect the absorption of C3AA in rat blood after oral administration to some extent.
Acute kidney injury in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing invasive management treated with bivalirudin vs. unfractionated heparin: insights from the MATRIX trial
Authors: Landi Antonio , Branca Mattia , Andò Giuseppe , Russo Filippo , Frigoli Enrico , Gargiulo Giuseppe , Briguori Carlo , Vranckx Pascal , Leonardi Sergio , Gragnano Felice , Calabrò Paolo , Campo Gianluca , Ambrosio Giuseppe , Santucci Andrea , Varbella Ferdinando , Zaro Tiziana , Heg Dik , Windecker Stephan , Jüni Peter , Pedrazzini Giovanni , Valgimigli Marco ,   for the MATRIX Investigators
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical complication among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing invasive management. The value of adjunctive antithrombotic strategies, such as bivalirudin or unfractionated heparin (UFH) on the risk of AKI is unclear.

Methods and results
Among 7213 patients enrolled in the MATRIX-Antithrombin and Treatment Duration study, 128 subjects were excluded due to incomplete information on serum creatinine (sCr) or end-stage renal disease on dialysis treatment. The primary endpoint was AKI defined as an absolute (&gt;0.5 mg/dL) or a relative (&gt;25%) increase in sCr. AKI occurred in 601 patients (16.9%) treated with bivalirudin and 616 patients (17.4%) treated with UFH [odds ratio (OR): 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85–1.09; P = 0.58]. A &gt;25% sCr increase was observed in 597 patients (16.8%) with bivalirudin and 616 patients (17.4%) with UFH (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.85–1.08; P = 0.50), whereas a &gt;0.5 mg/dL absolute sCr increase occurred in 176 patients (5.0%) with bivalirudin vs. 189 patients (5.4%) with UFH (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.75–1.14; P = 0.46). By implementing the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, the risk of AKI was not significantly different between bivalirudin and UFH groups (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.72–1.07; P = 0.21). Subgroup analyses of the primary endpoint suggested a benefit with bivalirudin in patients randomized to femoral access.

Conclusion
Among ACS patients undergoing invasive management, the risk of AKI was not significantly lower with bivalirudin compared with UFH.

Trial registration
clinicaltrials.gov NCT01433627.
Divergence in Body Mass, Wing Loading, and Population Structure Reveals Species-Specific and Potentially Adaptive Trait Variation Across Elevations in Montane Bumble Bees
Authors: Lozier Jeffrey D , Parsons Zachary M , Rachoki Lois , Jackson Jason M , Pimsler Meaghan L , Oyen Kennan J , Strange James , Dillon Michael E 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBiogeographic clines in morphology along environmental gradients can illuminate forces influencing trait evolution within and between species. Latitude has long been studied as a driver of morphological clines, with a focus on body size and temperature. However, counteracting environmental pressures may impose constraints on body size. In montane landscapes, declines in air density with elevation can negatively impact flight performance in volant species, which may contribute to selection for reduced body mass despite declining temperatures. We examine morphology in two bumble bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus Latreille) species, Bombus vancouverensis Cresson and Bombus vosnesenskii Radoszkowski, across mountainous regions of California, Oregon, and Washington, United States. We incorporate population genomic data to investigate the relationship between genomic ancestry and morphological divergence. We find that B. vancouverensis, which tends to be more specialized for high elevations, exhibits stronger spatial-environmental variation, being smaller in the southern and higher elevation parts of its range and having reduced wing loading (mass relative to wing area) at high elevations. Bombus vosnesenskii, which is more of an elevational generalist, has substantial trait variation, but spatial-environmental correlations are weak. Population structure is stronger in the smaller B. vancouverensis, and we find a significant association between elevation and wing loading after accounting for genetic structure, suggesting the possibility of local adaptation for this flight performance trait. Our findings suggest that some conflicting results for body size trends may stem from distinct environmental pressures that impact different aspects of bumble bee ecology, and that different species show different morphological clines in the same region.