bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on pesticide degradation from irrigation water and techno‐economic feasibility of treatment technologies
Authors: Mule Chirag Mandar , Doltade Sarjerao Bapu , Pandit Aniruddha Bhalchandra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present study focuses and assures the need for pesticide degradation from various water bodies used for irrigation and the available technologies to treat them effectively. A thorough review of the literature is done on pesticide residues present in various irrigation water sources like rivers, groundwater, river sediments, and soil which signifies the existence of pesticides in the ecosystem. This indicates the severity of water pollution due to various sources around and their adverse effect on the ecosystem. However, several technologies are available to treat these pesticides based on the classification. A Cross comparison between the technologies is done to determine the efficient technology for the treatment of irrigation water.
Comparison of EBRT and I-125 seed brachytherapy concerning outcome in intermediate-risk prostate cancer
Authors: Moll Matthias , Renner Andreas , Kirisits Christian , Paschen Christopher , Zaharie Alexandru , Goldner Gregor 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study’s objective was the comparison of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and I‑125 seed brachytherapy regarding clinical outcome and development of side effects.

Patients and methods
In all, 462 localized intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients treated between 2000 and 2019 at our department using either I‑125 seed brachytherapy or EBRT with a dose of 74 or 78 Gy were included: 297 patients were treated with EBRT and 165 with seeds. Biochemical no evidence of disease (bNED) rates according to Phoenix definition as well as late gastrointestinal and urogenital side effects (EORTC/RTOG) were assessed.

Results
Patients were followed up yearly with a median follow-up of 54 (3–192) months. Observed bNED rates for 74 Gy, 78 Gy and seeds were 87, 92, and 88% after 5 years and 71, 85, and 76% after 9 years, respectively. No significant differences were found comparing seeds with 74 Gy (p = 0.81) and 78 Gy (p = 0.19), as well as between 74 and 78 Gy (p = 0.32). Concerning gastrointestinal side effects, EBRT showed significantly higher rates of RTOG grade ≥ 2 toxicity compared to seeds, but at no point of the follow-up more than 10% of all patients. However, genitourinary side effects were significantly more prevalent in patients treated with seeds, with 33% RTOG grade ≥ 2 toxicity 12 months after treatment. Nevertheless, both types of side effects decreased over time.

Conclusion
Favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients can be treated either by external beam radiotherapy (74/78 Gy) or permanent interstitial seed brachytherapy.
Impfverhalten psychologisch erklären und verändern am Beispiel der HPV-Impfung
Authors: Heinemeier Dorothee , Terhardt Martin , Betsch Cornelia 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungImpfmüdigkeit bezeichnet das Verzögern, Auslassen oder Ablehnen wichtiger Impfungen trotz ihrer Verfügbarkeit. Die Impfung gegen humane Papillomviren (HPV) schützt gegen verschiedene Varianten von Gebärmutterhalskrebs und wird für Mädchen und Jungen im Alter von 9–14 Jahren empfohlen. Allerdings sind die Impfquoten im Vergleich zu anderen Kinderimpfungen geringer, zudem zeigen sich deutliche Abbruchquoten zwischen Erst- und Zweitimpfung. Jährlich sterben rund 1500 Frauen in Deutschland und 311.000 Frauen weltweit an Gebärmutterhalskrebs. Eine Elimination des Gebärmutterhalskrebses bis zum Ende des Jahrhunderts wäre theoretisch möglich, und globale Strategien existieren, um dieses Ziel zu erreichen – dafür bräuchte es aber unter anderem deutlich höhere Impfquoten. Im Beitrag wird betrachtet, welche psychologischen Faktoren die HPV-Impfung begünstigen oder ihr im Weg stehen und was Ärztinnen und Ärzte tun können, um die Impfmotivation zu steigern.
λ stenting: a novel technique for posterior communicating artery aneurysms with fetal-type posterior communicating artery originating from the aneurysm dome
Authors: Tanabe Jun , Nakahara Ichiro , Matsumoto Shoji , Suyama Yoshio , Morioka Jun , Hasebe Akiko , Watanabe Sadayoshi , Suyama Kenichiro , Kuwahara Kiyonori , Irie Keiko 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Endovascular treatment of posterior communicating artery aneurysms with fetal-type posterior communicating artery originating from the aneurysm dome is often challenging because, with conventional techniques, dense packing of aneurysms for posterior communicating artery preservation is difficult; moreover, flow-diversion devices are reportedly less effective. Herein, we describe a novel method called the λ stenting technique that involves deploying stents into the internal carotid artery and posterior communicating artery.

Methods
Between January 2018 and September 2020, the λ stenting technique was performed to treat eight consecutive cases of aneurysms. All target aneurysms had a wide neck (dome/neck ratio < 2), a fetal-type posterior communicating artery with hypoplastic P1, and a posterior communicating artery originating from the aneurysm dome. The origin of the posterior communicating artery from the aneurysm, relative to the internal carotid artery, was steep (< 90°: V shape).

Results
The maximum aneurysm size was 8.0 ± 1.9 mm (6–12 mm). The average packing density (excluding one regrowth case) was 32.7 ± 4.2% (26.8–39.1%). Initial occlusion was complete occlusion in 6 (75.0%) patients and neck remnants in 2 (25.0%) patients. Follow-up angiography was performed at 18.4 ± 11.6 months (3–38 months). There were no perioperative complications or reinterventions required during the study period.

Conclusion
The λ stenting technique enabled dense coil packing and preservation of the posterior communicating artery. This technique enabled safe and stable coil embolization. Thus, it could become an alternative treatment option for this sub-type of intracranial aneurysms.
Novel oleate hydratases and potential biotechnological applications
Authors: Hagedoorn Peter Leon , Hollmann Frank , Hanefeld Ulf 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Oleate hydratase catalyses the addition of water to the CC double bond of oleic acid to produce (R)-10-hydroxystearic acid. The enzyme requires an FAD cofactor that functions to optimise the active site structure. A wide range of unsaturated fatty acids can be hydrated at the C10 and in some cases the C13 position. The substrate scope can be expanded using ‘decoy’ small carboxylic acids to convert small chain alkenes to secondary alcohols, albeit at low conversion rates. Systematic protein engineering and directed evolution to widen the substrate scope and increase the conversion rate is possible, supported by new high throughput screening assays that have been developed. Multi-enzyme cascades allow the formation of a wide range of products including keto-fatty acids, secondary alcohols, secondary amines and α,ω-dicarboxylic acids.

Key points
• Phylogenetically distinct oleate hydratases may exhibit mechanistic differences.
• Protein engineering to improve productivity and substrate scope is possible.
• Multi-enzymatic cascades greatly widen the product portfolio.
Europäische Dateninfrastrukturen
Authors: Otto Boris , Burmann Anja 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDaten stellen eine strategische Ressource für die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Unternehmen und die Prosperität der Gesellschaft dar. Von der Nutzung von Daten vieler einzelner Akteure profitieren die Gemeinschaft, aber auch das Individuum. Beispiele hierfür liefern das Gesundheitswesen oder die Mobilität. Dabei sind die Interessen der Individuen in Bezug auf Datenschutz und Datensouveränität über Nutzungsvereinbarungen hinaus zu wahren und bestenfalls technologisch sicherzustellen. Datenräume, basierend auf verteilten Dateninfrastrukturen, stellen Datendienste und Datennutzungsregeln für Individuen und Organisationen bereit. Beispiele hierfür liefern die International-Data-Spaces(IDS)-Initiative oder die Initiative Gaia‑X zur Schaffung einer verteilten Dateninfrastruktur in Europa. Instanziierungen in den Bereichen Mobilität oder Smarthome zeigen Vorteile von Datenökosystemen für Individuen, die Gemeinschaft und die Gesamtheit der Dienstanbieter. Gleichzeitig werden Risiken wie die geeignete Interessensvertretung einzelner Nutzender deutlich. Anhand zweier Fallstudien werden offene ethische, rechtliche, betriebswirtschaftliche und technische Fragen bei der verteilten Umsetzung von Datenräumen und Dateninfrastrukturen unter Sicherstellung europäischer Wertevereinbarungen aufgezeigt.
Children with congenital colorectal malformations during the UK Sars-CoV-2 pandemic lockdown: an assessment of telemedicine and impact on health
Authors: Stathopoulos E. , Skerritt C. , Fitzpatrick G. , Hooker E. , Lander A. , Gee O. , Jester I. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This pilot study was designed to assess bowel function and quality of life (QoL) in children and adolescents with congenital colorectal malformations (CCM) during the first UK COVID lockdown period.

Methods
Changes in health were assessed through semi-structured interviews, gastrointestinal functional outcomes using Krickenbeck scoring and QoL by the modified disease-specific HAQL (Hirschsprung’s disease anorectal malformation quality of life questionnaire). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)™ for adults was used to assess parental anxiety.

Results
Thirty-two families were interviewed; 19 (59%) reported no change in their child’s health during the lockdown, 5 (16%) a deterioration and 8 (25%) an improvement. Neither the severity of the CCM, nor the degree of bowel dysfunction, correlated with any deterioration. The HAQL score was not correlated to a change in health. Anxiety scores ranged from no anxiety to clinical concerns. Telemedicine was well accepted by 28/32 parents (88%); however, in-person appointments were preferred if there were clinical concerns.

Conclusion
In the follow-up of children and adolescents with CCM during the first UK lockdown using telemedicine we found that over half had stable health conditions. Patients needing additional care could not be predicted by the severity of their disease or their bowel function alone.
Steady-state $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$ above MLSS: evidence that critical speed better represents maximal metabolic steady state in well-trained runners
Authors: Nixon Rebekah J. , Kranen Sascha H. , Vanhatalo Anni , Jones Andrew M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe metabolic boundary separating the heavy-intensity and severe-intensity exercise domains is of scientific and practical interest but there is controversy concerning whether the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) or critical power (synonymous with critical speed, CS) better represents this boundary. We measured the running speeds at MLSS and CS and investigated their ability to discriminate speeds at which $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

was stable over time from speeds at which a steady-state $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

could not be established. Ten well-trained male distance runners completed 9–12 constant-speed treadmill tests, including 3–5 runs of up to 30-min duration for the assessment of MLSS and at least 4 runs performed to the limit of tolerance for assessment of CS. The running speeds at CS and MLSS were significantly different (16.4 ± 1.3 vs. 15.2 ± 0.9 km/h, respectively; P < 0.001). Blood lactate concentration was higher and increased with time at a speed 0.5 km/h higher than MLSS compared to MLSS (P < 0.01); however, pulmonary $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

did not change significantly between 10 and 30 min at either MLSS or MLSS + 0.5 km/h. In contrast, $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

increased significantly over time and reached $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\,\,\max }$$

V
˙

O

2

max

at end-exercise at a speed ~ 0.4 km/h above CS (P < 0.05) but remained stable at a speed ~ 0.5 km/h below CS. The stability of $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

at a speed exceeding MLSS suggests that MLSS underestimates the maximal metabolic steady state. These results indicate that CS more closely represents the maximal metabolic steady state when the latter is appropriately defined according to the ability to stabilise pulmonary $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

.
Mesenchymal/non-epithelial mimickers of neuroendocrine neoplasms with a focus on fusion gene-associated and SWI/SNF-deficient tumors
Authors: Kasajima Atsuko , Konukiewitz Björn , Schlitter Anna Melissa , Weichert Wilko , Bräsen Jan Hinrich , Agaimy Abbas , Klöppel Günter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMimickers of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) include a number of important pitfall tumors. Here, we describe our experience with mesenchymal mimics of NENs to illustrate their spectrum and draw the attention particularly to a group of mesenchymal/non-epithelial neoplasms (MN) that combine epithelioid histology with neuroendocrine (NE-) features and peculiar genetic abnormalities. In a consultation series of 4498 cases collected between 2009 and 2021, 2099 neoplasms expressing synaptophysin and/or chromograninA were reviewed and analyzed. A total of 364 (18%) were diagnosed as non-NENs, while the remaining tumors were NEN. The group of mesenchymal/non-epithelial neoplasms with NE-features (MN-NE) included 31/364 (8%) cases. These mostly malignant neoplasms showed an epithelioid morphology. While all but one tumor expressed synaptophysin, mostly patchy, only 10/29 (34%) co-expressed chromograninA. A total of 13/31 (42%) of the MN-NE showed EWSR1-related gene fusions (6 Ewing sarcomas, 5 clear cell sarcomas, and 1 desmoplastic small round cell tumor, 1 neoplasm with FUS-CREM gene fusion) and 7 (23%) were SWI/SNF (SMARCB1 or SMARCA4)-deficient neoplasms. The remaining MN-NE included synovial sarcoma, sclerosing epithelioid mesenchymal neoplasm, melanoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, solitary fibrous tumor, and chordoma. A total of 27/31 MN-NE were from the last 8 years, and 6 of them were located in the pancreas. Eleven MN-NE were initially diagnosed as neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). MN-NE with epithelioid features play an increasing role as mimickers of NECs. They mostly belong to tumors with gene fusions involving the EWSR1 gene, or with SWI/SNF complex deficiency. Synaptophysin expression is mostly patchy and chromograninA expression is infrequent in MN-NE of this series and data extracted from literature.
Prediction of walking ability following posterior decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: McIlroy Suzanne , Jadhakhan Feroz , Bell David , Rushton Alison 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) up to 40% of people report persistent walking disability. This study aimed to identify pre-operative factors that are predictive of walking ability post-surgery for LSS.

Methods
An observational cohort study was conducted using data from the British Spine Registry (2017–2018) of adults (≥ 50 years) with LSS, who underwent ≤ 2 level posterior lumbar decompression. Patients receiving fixation or who had previous lumbar surgery were excluded. Walking ability was assessed by a single item on the Oswestry Disability Index and dichotomised into poor/good outcome. Multivariable regression models were performed.

Results
14,485 patients were identified. Pre-operatively 30% patients reported poor walking ability, this decreased to 8% at 12 months follow-up. Predictors associated with poor walking ability at 12 months were: increasing age (≥ 75 years OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.07, 2.18), BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.00, 2.30), severity of leg pain (OR 1.10, CI 95% 1.01, 1.21), disability (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.01, 1.02) and quality of life (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56, 0.89). Pre-operative maximum walking distance (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05, 1.25) and higher education (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.80, 0.96) were associated with reduced risk of poor walking ability at 12 months; p < 0.05. Depression, fear of movement and symptom duration were not associated with risk of poor outcome.

Conclusion
Older age, obesity, greater pre-operative pain and disability and lower quality of life are associated with risk of poor walking ability post-operatively. Greater pre-operative walking and higher education are associated with reduced risk of poor walking ability post-operatively. Patients should be counselled on their risk of poor outcome and considered for rehabilitation so that walking and surgical outcomes may be optimised.
Accuracy assessment of pedicle screw insertion with patient specific 3D‑printed guides through superimpose CT-analysis in thoracolumbar spinal deformity surgery
Authors: Cool J. , van Schuppen J. , de Boer M. A. , van Royen B. J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
In order to avoid pedicle screw misplacement in posterior spinal deformity surgery, patient specific 3D‑printed guides can be used. An accuracy assessment of pedicle screw insertion can be obtained by superimposing CT-scan images from a preoperative plan over those of the postoperative result. The aim of this study is to report on the accuracy of drill guide assisted pedicle screw placement in thoracolumbar spinal deformity surgery by means of a superimpose CT-analysis.

Methods
Concomitant with the clinical introduction of a new technique for drill guide assisted pedicle screw placement, the accuracy of pedicle screw insertion was analyzed in the first patients treated with this technique by using superimpose CT-analysis. Deviation from the planned ideal intrapedicular screw trajectory was classified according to the Gertzbein scale.

Results
Superimpose CT-analysis of 99 pedicle screws in 5 patients was performed. The mean linear deviation was 0.92 mm, the mean angular deviation was 2.92° with respect to the preoperatively planned pedicle screw trajectories. According to the Gertzbein scale, 100% of screws were found to be positioned within the “safe zone”.

Conclusion
The evaluated patient specific 3D-printed guide technology was demonstrated to constitute a safe and accurate tool for precise pedicle screw insertion in spinal deformity surgeries. Superimpose CT-analysis showed a 100% accuracy of pedicle screw placement without any violation of the pedicle wall or other relevant structures. We recommend a superimpose CT-analysis for the first consecutive patients when introducing new technologies into daily clinical practice, such as intraoperative imaging, navigation or robotics.
Base sizes of primitive permutation groups
Authors: Moscatiello Mariapia , Roney-Dougal Colva M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLetGbe a permutation group, acting on a set$$\varOmega $$Ωof sizen. A subset$${\mathcal {B}}$$Bof$$\varOmega $$Ωis abaseforGif the pointwise stabilizer$$G_{({\mathcal {B}})}$$G(B)is trivial. Letb(G) be the minimal size of a base forG. A subgroupGof$$\mathrm {Sym}(n)$$Sym(n)islarge baseif there exist integersmand$$r \ge 1$$r≥1such that$${{\,\mathrm{Alt}\,}}(m)^r \unlhd G \le {{\,\mathrm{Sym}\,}}(m)\wr {{\,\mathrm{Sym}\,}}(r)$$Alt(m)r⊴G≤Sym(m)≀Sym(r), where the action of$${{\,\mathrm{Sym}\,}}(m)$$Sym(m)is onk-element subsets of$$\{1,\dots ,m\}$${1,⋯,m}and the wreath product acts with product action. In this paper we prove that ifGis primitive and not large base, then eitherGis the Mathieu group$$\mathrm {M}_{24}$$M24in its natural action on 24 points, or$$b(G)\le \lceil \log n\rceil +1$$b(G)≤⌈logn⌉+1. Furthermore, we show that there are infinitely many primitive groupsGthat are not large base for which$$b(G) > \log n + 1$$b(G)>logn+1, so our bound is optimal.
Heterogeneous self-tracked health and fitness data integration and sharing according to a linked open data approach
Authors: Reda Roberto , Piccinini Filippo , Martinelli Giovanni , Carbonaro Antonella 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe huge volume of data gathered from wearable fitness devices and wellness appliances, if effectively analysed and integrated, can be exploited to improve clinical decision making and to stimulate promising applications, as they can provide good measures of everyday patient behaviour and lifestyle. However, several obstacles currently limit the true exploitation of these opportunities. In particular, the healthcare landscape is characterised by a pervasive presence of data silos which prevent users and healthcare professionals from obtaining an overall view of the knowledge, mainly due to the lack of device interoperability and data representation format heterogeneity. This work focuses on current, important needs in self-tracked health data modelling, and summarises challenges and opportunities that will characterise the community in the upcoming years. The paper describes a virtually integrated approach using standard Web Semantic technologies and Linked Open Data to cope with heterogeneous health data integration. The proposed approach is verified using data collected from several IoT fitness vendors to form a standard context-aware resource graph, and linking other health ontologies and open projects. We developed a web portal for integrating, sharing and analysing through a customisable dashboard heterogeneous IoT health and fitness data. In this way, we are able to map information onto an integrated domain model by providing support for logical reasoning.
Using linear algebra in decomposition of Farkas interpolants
Authors: Blicha Martin , Hyvärinen Antti E. J. , Kofroň Jan , Sharygina Natasha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe use of propositional logic and systems of linear inequalities over reals is a common means to model software for formal verification. Craig interpolants constitute a central building block in this setting for over-approximating reachable states, e.g. as candidates for inductive loop invariants. Interpolants for a linear system can be efficiently computed from a Simplex refutation by applying the Farkas’ lemma. However, these interpolants do not always suit the verification task—in the worst case, they can even prevent the verification algorithm from converging. This work introduces the decomposed interpolants, a fundamental extension of the Farkas interpolants, obtained by identifying and separating independent components from the interpolant structure, using methods from linear algebra. We also present an efficient polynomial algorithm to compute decomposed interpolants and analyse its properties. We experimentally show that the use of decomposed interpolants in model checking results in immediate convergence on instances where state-of-the-art approaches diverge. Moreover, since being based on the efficient Simplex method, the approach is very competitive in general.