bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid emergency room reduces blood transfusion for patients with severe trauma
Authors: Watanabe Hiroaki , Matsumoto Ryo , Kuramoto Shunsuke , Muronoi Tomohiro , Oka Kazuyuki , Shimojo Yoshihide , Kidani Akihiko , Hira Eiji , Kawamura Toshihiko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: A hybrid emergency room (hybrid ER) is defined as an emergency unit with four functions: resuscitation, computed tomography (CT) scanning, performing operations, and angiography. The safety and efficacy of performing CT scans in a hybrid ER is not well known in the primary survey. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and clinical effects of hybrid ERs. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study using the Shimane University Hospital Trauma Databank from January 2016 to February 2019. Hospitalized patients with severe trauma and an injury severity score ≥ 16 were divided into two groups: the non-hybrid ER group (n=134) and the hybrid ER group (n=145). The time from arrival to CT scan and interventions, and number of in-hospital survivors, preventable trauma deaths (PTD), and unexpected survivors (US) were assessed between both groups. The amount of blood transfused was also compared between the groups. Results: The time from arrival to CT scan and interventions was significantly reduced in the hybrid ER group compared with than in the non-hybrid ER group (25 vs. 6 minutes; p <0.0001, 101 vs. 41 minutes; p =0.0007). There was no significant difference in the rate of in-hospital survivors (96.9 vs. 96.3%; p=0.770), PTD (0 vs. 0%), and US (9.0 vs. 6.2%; p=0.497) between the groups. The amount of blood transfused was significantly reduced in the hybrid ER group compared to the non-hybrid ER group (red blood cell: 6 vs. 2, p =0.012, fresh frozen plasma: 9 vs. 6, p =0.021). Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that trauma treatment in a hybrid ER is as safe as previous conventional treatment in a non-hybrid ER, and that hybrid ERs, which can reduce the time for trauma surveys and treatment and do not require patient transfer, can reduce the amount of blood transfusion required for resuscitation.
Cobalt−Tetracyanoquinodimethane Monolayer as Efficient Bi-Functional Single Atom Electrocatalyst: A First Principles Investigation
Authors: Mukherjee Biswanath 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A bi-functional electrocatalyst is a stable and catalytically active material for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the development of which is highly challenging, although essential for application in fuel cells. Herein, the first principle based density functional theory (DFT) computations have been carried out to investigate a series of transition metal-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TM-TCNQ: TM = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd) monolayer for bi-functional single atom electrocatalyst towards ORR and OER. Amongst various first transition metal row based TCNQ substrates, Cobalt-TCNQ (Co-TCNQ) monolayer was predicted to exhibit best bi-functional catalytic activity. At equilibrium potential (1.23 V, vs RHE), the free energy portraits of Co-TCNQ monolayer for OER in acidic or alkaline media are not completely downhill, measuring an excess potential of 0.6 V, equal to the overpotential, which is needed to be supplied externally to promote the OER activity. On the other hand, an onset potentials of 0.34 V (vs RHE) in acidic media are measured for ORR to proceed. The promising catalytic activity of two dimensional Co-TCNQ monolayer towards ORR and OER as revealed by DFT investigations has been explained in terms of density of states and Bader charge analysis.
Identification of Novel QTLs for Spikelet Fertility, Panicle Compactness and Phytohormone Ethylene to Decipher Poor Grain Filling of Basal Spikelets in Dense Panicle Rice
Authors: Sekhar Sudhanshu , Kumar Jitendra , Mohanty Soumya , Mohanty Niharika , Panda Rudraksh Shovan , Das Swagatka , Shaw Birendra Prasad , Behera Lambodar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
High grain number is positively correlated with grain yield in rice, but it is compromised because of poor filling of basal spikelets in dense panicle bearing numerous spikelets. The phenomenon that turns the basal spikelets of compact panicle sterile in rice is largely unknown. In order to understand the factor(s) that possibly determines such spikelet sterility in compact panicle cultivars, QTLs and candidate genes were identified for spikelet fertility percentage, panicle compactness and ethylene production that significantly influence the grain filling using recombinant inbred lines developed from a cross between indica rice cultivars, PDK Shriram (compact, high spikelet number) and Heera (lax, low spikelet number). Novel QTLs, qSFP1.1, qSFP3.1 and qSFP6.1 for spikelet fertility percentage; qIGS3.2 and qIGS4.1 for panicle compactness; and qETH1.2, qETH3.1 and qETH4.1 for ethylene production were consistently identified in both kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018. The comparative expression analysis of candidate genes like ERF3, AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor, EREBP, GBSS1, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase GW2, and LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase ERL1 associated with identified QTLs revealed their role in poor grain filling of basal spikelets in dense panicle. These candidate genes thus could be important for improving grain filling in compact-panicle rice cultivars through biotechnological interventions.
Photo-electrochemical Characterization of New Lead-free Ferroelectric Ba0.975Ho0.017(Zr0.2Ti0.75)Sn0.05O3) Ceramic. Application to Bezacryl Oxidation Under Solar Light
Authors: Smail S. , Rekhila Gharib , Taïbi K. , Lahmar A. , Trari M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ba0.975Ho0.017(Zr0.20Ti0.75)Sn0.05O3 (abbreviated BHZ20TS) was elaborated by solid-state reaction at high temperature. The X-ray diffraction pattern, refined by the Rietveld method, indicated that the ceramic has a perovskite structure with a cubic symmetry. The Scanning electron microscopy revealed a high density and low porosity with reduced particle sizes upon substitution ofBa2+ by the rare earth ion Ho3+. The dielectric study as a function of temperature (-150 – 200 °C) and frequency (102 - 106 Hz) showed relaxor ferroelectric behavior. The modified Curie-Weiss law allowed us to evaluate the diffuse phase transition parameters. BHZ20TS obeys the empirical Vogel–Fulcher relation which confirms the relaxor behavior of this composition. With an optical band gap of 2.56 eV, BHZ20TS is attractive for photocatalytic applications. The capacitance-potential (C-2 - E) characteristic plotted in Na2SO4 (0.1 M) indicates n type behavior with a flat band potential (Efb) of -0.60 VSCE and electronic density (NA) of 2.2×1016cm-3. The semicircle in the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measured in the range (10-3 – 105 Hz) is ascribed to the bulk material BHZ20TS (80 kW cm2) with a constant phase element (CPE) and a depletion angle of -5°. As application, the oxide was tested with success for the photooxidation under solar light of Bezacryl (BEZ), a hazardous dye. The energy band diagram shows an electron transfer from the conduction band of BHZ20TS to dissolved oxygen, generating O2· and OH·- radicals, responsible of the BEZ mineralization whose disappearance was followed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. An abatement of 60% is obtained in BEZ solution (10 mg L-1) within 100 min under a solar irradiance of 97 mWcm-2; the mineralization obeys a first order kinetic model with a half photocatalytic life of 57 min.
Climate Change and Risk of Arboviral Diseases in the State of Rio De Janeiro (Brazil)
Authors: Júnior Antonio Carlos da Silva Oscar , Mendonça Francisco de Assis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Arboviral diseases are a theme of high interest in the field of public and collective health worldwide. Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya, in particular, have shown significant expansion in terms of morbidity and mortality in different portions of the ecumene. These diseases are of great interest in geographic studies due to the characteristics of their vector (Aedes aegypti), adapted to the environmental and unequal context of the urbanization process. Given this background, this study assesses the relationship between global climate change and the risk of arboviral diseases for the state of Rio de Janeiro. To this end, the characteristics of future climate susceptibility to vector proliferation in the scenarios RCP 4.5 and 8.5 (2011-2040 and 2041-2070) were assessed using two models: Eta HadGEM2-ES and Eta MIROC5, as well as the vulnerability conditions that favor the spread of arboviruses. The results indicate that the tendency of thermal and hygrometric elevation, in association with vulnerability, may have repercussions on the intensification and spatial expansion of the risk of arboviral diseases in the state of Rio de Janeiro, since there is a spatial and temporal expansion of the optimal environmental conditions for the development of the vector.
Transcriptome Comparison of Rhizome and Leaf of Rhizome of Ligusticum Chuanxiong on the Effects of Active Metabolites
Authors: HE Xianhong , HAO Qing , cai Zhengxue , Li Gaolei , Wei Ping , Zhang Zhonglin , Yan Zhixiang , ZHANG Yi-guan , ZHAO Jun-ning 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. The major bioactive compounds found in Ligusticum chuanxiong are Ferulic Acid with 4- hydroxyl -3- methoxybenzene acrylic acid. However, the epigenetic mechanisms and biosynthetic pathways of active metabolites based on the transcriptomic analysis of Ligusticum chuanxiong rhizome have remained unclear. To clarify the key genes in rhizome formation and active metabolite synthesis pathways of Rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong, we focus on the change between the investigate the rhizome and leaf of Ligusticum chuanxiong through transcriptomic analysis.MethodsThe RNA extracted from rhizomes and leaves of Ligusticum chuanxiong were sequenced using the Illumina platform, yielding 295,725 unique transcripts with N50 of 778 bp. The transcripts against annotation databases including GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs).Resultsystematic analysis of transcriptome profiles revealed that a total of 1707 differentially expressed unigenes were found in the two tissues, among which 1246 were down-regulated and 462 were up-regulated. Remarkably, some DEGs are enriched in the biosynthetic pathway of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, one of the key enzymes in the pathway of ferulic acid synthesis.Conclusions﻿Through the transcriptome analysis, we have identified the regulatory mechanisms and epigenetic influences in the secondary metabolic biosynthetic pathway of Ligusticum chuanxiong. Among them, DEGs analysis revealed ferulic acid and other secondary metabolites are some of the major products in the biosynthetic pathway of Ligusticum chuanxiong.
Impact of Intervention Practices on Malaria Treatment Outcomes Among Patients in Bushenyi District, Uganda
Authors: Maniga Josephat Nyabayo , Atuhaire David Kalenzi , Mugasa Claire Mack 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMalaria remains a major vector borne disease causing both mortalities and morbidities in the world. Uganda as a country has currently scaled out major campaigns to reduce and eliminate the disease using different interventions. However, there is no clear data on the impact of such interventions on malaria treatment outcomes. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the impact of malaria intervention practices on Artemether- Lumefantrine (AL) treatment outcomes among the residents of Bushenyi district, Uganda, a high intensity malaria transmission area.MethodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among 184 study participants for a period of one year (August 2017 to August 2018) in four selected health centers in Bushenyi district, Uganda. The investigative methods used included a researcher administered questionnaire, laboratory and clinical evaluations of participants. Data analysis was done by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 10 windows) for descriptive statistics. ResultsStatistically significant factors for treatment outcome at p ≤0.05 were; practicing indoor residual spraying (IRS) at home (𝑃 = 0.001; CI), source of prescription (𝑃 = 0.018; CI), finishing dosage (𝑃 = 0.006; CI), frequency of malaria infection (𝑃 = 0.028; CI), Frequency of antimalaria usage (𝑃 = 0.042; CI) and sleeping under insecticide treated nets (ITNs) (𝑃 = 0.039; CI) respectively. ConclusionsIRS and ITNs were found to be the major intervention practice of malaria reduction after treatment with ACTs.
Bovine Coronavirus Infections in Turkey: Molecular Analysis of the Full-Length Spike Gene Sequences of Viruses From Digestive and Respiratory Infections
Authors: Temizkan Secil Sevinc , Alkan Feray 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BCoV can be spread by animal activity. Despite the widespread cattle farming in the region, limited studies exist in Turkey about BCoV. The aim of this study was to reveal the latest aspects in Turkey about BCoV and evaluate the data. This is the first study reporting the full-length sequences of S genes of BCoV in Turkey.In this study samples were collected from 119 cattle, presenting clinical signs of respiratory (n=78) or digestive tract infection (n=41) in distinctive farms located in widely different provinces of Turkey. Samples were screened for bovine coronavirus (BCoV) by a RT-nested PCR targeting the N gene. BCoV was found positive in 35 samples (9 faeces and 26 nasal discharge) and RT-PCR analysis of the S gene was performed. The partial/full-length S gene sequences were able to be obtained from 11 samples (8 faeces and 3 nasal discharge). Phylogenetic tree of the S gene sequences was analyzed for the genetic relationships among BCoVs from Turkey and other countries. Results showed that many different amino acid changes exist in local strains and these changes were persistent in faeces and nasal discharge origin. Likewise, some nucleotide and amino acid changes were compatible with previous studies which have critical importance for tropism. These results could represent a novelty in the current literature adding new data on BCoV from Turkey and these data could have potentially positive effects on the vaccination approach and control strategies due to lack of information.
Improving the External Quantum Efficiency of High Power GaN Based Flip-Chip LEDs using Ag/SiO2/DBR/SiO2 Composite ReflectiveStructure
Authors: Xu Liang , Zhan Jinglin , Sun Huiqing , Chen Zhizhong , Guo Zhiyou 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Improve the light extraction efficiency and light output in the vertical direction of LEDs for high-power applications, flip-chip LEDs (FCLEDs) with an Ag/SiO2/distributed Bragg reflector/SiO2 composite reflection structure (CRS) were fabricated. The enhanced opto-electrical properties were thoroughly investigated. Compared with the normal Ag-based FCLEDs, the light output power of the CRS-FCLEDs is increased by 6.3% at an operational current of 1500 mA, with the corresponding external quantum efficiency improved by 6.0%. Further investigation proved that the CRS structure exhibited higher reflectance compared with the commonly used Ag-mirror reflective structure, which originates from the increased reflective area in the sidewall and partial area of the n-GaN contact holes. Moreover, the light emission intensity distributions and far-field angular light emission measurements show that the CRS-FCLED has a strengthened light output in the vertical direction, which shows great potential for applications in high-power fields, such as headlamps for automobiles.
Establish a teleost skin explant model for studying the fish-pathogen interaction
Authors: Siao Ru-Fang , Lin Chia-Hsuan , Wang Liang-Chun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Teleost fish skin serves as the first line of defense against pathogens. The interaction between pathogen and host skin determines the infection outcome. However, the interaction and infection mechanisms remain largely unknown due to the lack of a proper tissue model that can quantitatively and qualitatively monitor infection progress. Here, we use striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) to establish an ex vivo skin explant tissue model that has not been explored in teleost fish before. The skin explant model, cultured by creating epithelial polarity, resembles the in vivo skin in tissue morphology, integrity, and mucous cell and immune functionality. Inoculation of Aeromonas hydrophila in this model induces epidermal exfoliation along with epithelial cell junction disassembly and inflammation. We therefore concluded that this ex vivo skin explant model could serve as a teleost skin infection model for monitoring pathogenesis under various infection conditions. The model can also potentially be translated into a platform to study prevention and treatment for aquatic infection on mucosal surface in aquaculture applications.
Blocking SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein binding to ACE2 receptor through Narcotinic Compounds Combined with Adjuvants: an in silico Insight
Authors: Mohammadi Saeedeh , Esmailpour Ayoub , Sakhaee Nader , Doustkhah Esmail 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Protein products of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) coding gene sequence, were all analyzed and compared to other SARS-CoV S proteins to elucidate structural similarities of spike proteins. A homology modeling of SARS-CoV-2 S protein was obtained and used in molecular docking studies to find binding affinities of spike protein for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The two most important binding sites of S protein, namely, RBD and CTD, critically responsible for binding interactions, were identified. Finally, binding affinity of RBD and CTD domains of S protein with narcotic analgesics are studied. Moreover, interactions of ACE2 receptor- S protein with narcotic compounds when mixed with small molecule adjuvants to improve the immune response and increase the efficacy of potential vaccines, were taken into consideration. In-silico results suggest that the combination of narcotine hemiacetal with mannide monooleate shows a stronger binding affinity with CTD, while carprofen-muramyl dipeptide and squalene have stronger binding affinities for the RBD portion of S protein. Thus, a suitable combination of these narcotic is proposed to yield potent site-blocking efficacy for ACE2 receptor against SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins.
Impact of COVID-19 on Residents’ Willingness to Consume Wild Animals: Empirical Insights From China
Authors: Ruishi Si , Qian Lu , Aziz Noshaba 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: It is argued that wild animals are the culprit of transmission of COVID-19 and poor health of the people, though any evidence is not found, the government has widely publicized the risk allied with eating wild animals. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the effect of COVID-19 on residents’ willingness to consume wild animals (WCWA) and their amount of willingness to pay (AWP). Methods: Data were gathered online from 1250 household heads of both urban and rural residents of Hubei, Hunan, and Guangdong provinces during the period of 19th to 26th March 2020 and Probit and Tobit model is employed to meet the study objectives. Results: The results showed that around 39.20% of residents are willing to consume wild animals and their amount of willingness to pay was 34.65 USD/year. In the context of market control policy & home restriction policy, the mediating effect is 34.20% & 27.73% respectively. In contrast, in the context of ecological environment risk and food security risk perception, the mediating effects are 7.94% and 10.16% respectively. Conclusions: Although COVID-19 reduced the probability of residents’ WCWA, the effect on AWP was not significant. Moreover, COVID-19’s effects on residents’ WCWA through market control and home restriction policies were strong, but perceptions of the ecological environment and food safety risk were relatively weak. These results provide insights for policymakers in terms of raising public awareness of the negative consequences of consuming wild animals and increasing knowledge of the animals’ protection.
APOL1 risk variants and kidney transplantation: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alao Michael Abel , Raji Yemi Raheem , Asinobi Adanze Onyenunachi , Akinboro Adeolu Oladayo , Ngene Samuel Osobuchi , Olayinka Ibrahim Rasheed , Okoye Prof Ifeoma , Nna Emmanuel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Graft survival post-kidney transplant may be influenced by APOL1 risk variant status of both donors and recipients. There are several conflicting reports on screening, eligibility and inclusion of APOL1 risk variant testing in the Kidney Donor Risk Index. We aimed to produce a protocol for synthesizing evidence from available data on Apoprotein L1 risk variants and kidney transplantation.Methods We developed a search strategy using MeSH, text words and entry terms. Nine databases will be searched: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, AJOL, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Research gate and Scopus. Only observational studies retrievable in the English Language will be included. The primary measurable outcome is the recipient’s post-transplant graft survival time from APOL1 high-risk variant donors. The secondary outcomes are the proportion of APOL1 high-risk variants in End-Stage Kidney Disease requiring kidney transplant, the proportion in graft recipients and kidney donors; effect of APOL1 high-risk variant on donor's kidney function post-kidney donation, recipient kidney allograft survival in APOL1 low and high-risk recipients. Deduplication, screening and selection of identified studies will be done using Covidence software while CMA software version 3 will be used for meta-analysis. All studies will be assessed for methodological, clinical and statistical heterogeneity. Publication bias will be visually assessed using the funnel plot. Results will be presented in forest plots with pooled survival time, standard error and variance. Subgroup analysis will be performed using moderators such as socio-demographics: race, age, gender and socio-economic status; hypertension, HIV status, forms of rejection and other environmental factors.Discussion: The effect size for primary outcome is standardized mean difference in survival time for APOL1 high risk variants in kidney transplants. The changes in kidney functions of donors and recipients pre and post-transplantation would be examined. The suitability of donors who have APOL1 high risk variants will explored in relation to graft survival time, donors kidney function and moderating effects of socio-demographics and environmental determinants. Trial Registration Number: This protocol is registered in PROSPERO, with registration number CRD42021230358