bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term effect of modest salt reduction combined with the CM-DASH diet on salt eating habits in hypertensive patients with type II diabetes: A randomized, control, single-blind trial
Authors: Chen Dan , Tang Jie , Gong Tao , Mu Lisha , Li Jing , Yu Pingping , Wang Hao , Rao Huakun , Mu Lihong , Mei Ying 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Excessive salt intake is currently the foremost universal risk factor for controllable chronic disease. Reducing salt intake has been identified as one of the most cost-effective measures countries can adopt to improve the health outcomes of their populations. This study evaluated the short-term effects of a modest salt intake reduction combined with the Chinese Modified Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (CM-DASH) diet on salt intake, certain biochemical parameters, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure (PP) in hypertensive patients with type II diabetes. Methods Sixty-one participants were randomized to the intervention group (52% low-sodium salt and DASH intervention [n = 30, 11 men]) and control group (normal salt and DASH intervention [n = 31, 14 men]). An 8-week dietary intervention was applied. Daily salt intake, blood pressure, and drug use were recorded every week. Twenty-four-hour urine samples, casual urine samples, and blood samples were measured at baseline, the fourth week, and the end of the intervention.Results Of the 61 participants, 59 patients (25 men and 34 women) completed the entire study. The daily salt intake of all patients significantly decreased compared with at baseline (P < 0.001). The Na+/K+ ratio and urine creatinine decreased after the intervention, and the 24-hour urine potassium of the intervention and control groups increased after the intervention and the fourth week, respectively. Additionally, 24-hour UNa, (MAU), and urinary microalbumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR) decreased significantly after the intervention but increased after the fourth week. Finally, MAP and PP both decreased after the intervention, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant.Conclusion A modest salt reduction and the CM-DASH diet for hypertensive patients with type II diabetes can achieve the effect of salt reduction in a short period. Before and after individual comparisons, sodium and potassium intake, MAU, MAP, and PP were improved, but no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups regardless of the use of 52% sodium limited formula salt or traditional table salt. The salt reduction effect needs to be investigated with an extended follow-up.Trail registration ChiCTR2000029017.Registered on 11/01/2020-Prospective registration, http:// www.chictr.org.cn/
A Shared Journey To a Better Future: Mutual Support Among Breast Cancer Survivors and Their First-Degree Relatives
Authors: Chen Shao-Hua , Liu Jun-E , Guo Dong-Mei , Su Ya-Li , Liu Yan-Fei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Breast cancer affects survivors and their first-degree relatives. They face breast cancer together as a unit. This study aimed to explore the mutual support of breast cancer survivors and their first-degree relatives in their joint coping with breast cancer.
Methods

A qualitative case study with purposeful sampling was conducted. Ten breast cancer survivors and 21 of their first-degree relatives were recruited for in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed by thematic analysis using MAXQDA software.
Results

Three themes were extracted under the overarching theme “a shared journey to a better future”: 1. “Mutual support is needed as we are in the same boat,” suggesting mutual support in responding to breast cancer; 2. “We experience stormy and windy weather during our journey,” emphasizing challenges encountered in providing support; and 3. “Sunny and breezy days are a gift for both of us,” indicating they perceived reciprocity during the process of mutual support.
Conclusions

Mutual support was an important feature of breast cancer survivors and first-degree relatives coping with breast cancer and beneficial to both groups. However, significant challenges in supporting each other were reported, indicating the necessity of external support in coping with breast cancer. Health professionals should not ignore first-degree relatives of breast cancer survivors, and need to support both of these groups.
The Functional and Structural Neural Correlates of Dynamic Balance Impairment and Recovery in Persons with Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Joubran Katherin , Bar-Haim Simona , Shmuelof Lior 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Dynamic balance depends on the interaction between multiple brain networks and is impaired following Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). This study aims to characterize the brain functional and structural correlates of ABI-induced dynamic balance impairment and recovery at the chronic-phase following a rehabilitation treatment. 31 participants participated in a novel rehabilitation treatment composed of 22 sessions of perturbation training. Dynamic balance was assessed using the Community Balance and Mobility scale (CB&M) and the 10-Meter Walking Test (10MWT). Brain function was assessed based on resting-state fMRI scans which were analysed using independent component analysis (ICA), and regions of interest analyses. Brain volume was assessed using structural MRI and compared to age-matched and elderly participants. ICA revealed a reduction in component-related activation within the sensorimotor and cerebellar networks post-intervention (p < 0.035). Improvement in CB&M scale was associated with a reduction in FC within the cerebellar network (p = 0.023) and with baseline FC within the cerebellar-putamen (p = 0.002) and cerebellar-thalamic networks (p = 0.026). Improvement in 10MWT was associated with baseline FC within the cerebellar-putamen (p = 0.012) and cerebellar-cortical networks (p = 0.017, p = 0.004, p < 0.001and p = 0.005). A global brain volume reduction was found in the ABI-group when compared to the age-matched controls (p < 0.001), which was negatively associated with ABI chronicity, but not associated with CB&M scale. Our results show that dynamic balance recovery is associated with FC changes within and between the cerebellar and sensorimotor networks that are consistent with the contribution of modularity to balance control and recovery. The diffused atrophy post-ABI indicates that ABI led to a degenerative process.
Automated Screener Based on Convolutional Neural Network for Randomized Controlled Trials in Chinese Language: A Comparative Study of Different Classification Strategies
Authors: Chen Shengkai , Mao Bochun , Xie Yu , Yao Pan , Li Chunjie , Yang Sijin , Dong Li , Li Bo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: To explore the influence of modified literature classification strategies of Chinese biomedical literature on an automated screener based on conventional algorithm.Methods: Citations of studies indexed as ‘Oral Science’ published in Chinese between 2014 and 2018 were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Apart from dividing the studies into 2 categories (RCTs and non-RCTs), 3-category (RCTs, may-be-RCTs, and non-RCTs) and 5-category (RCTs, randomization-unclear controlled trials, non-randomized clinical trials/studies, non-clinical literature, and unclear) classification were also employed. The multi-category strategies took into consideration the diversity of study types and the presence of expression vagueness. Similar to real-world practice, full-text-needed studies included those that certainly concerned RCTs and those that might be RCTs but lacked information in their abstracts. Screening and classification were performed independently by 2 experienced researchers. The classification results after peer discussion and/or senior decision were used for the training of the CNN model. The probability thresholds for the classification of each category were set at a high sensitivity level.The area under the receiver-operator curve (AUC) was calculated when applicable. An isolated sample of citations was used in a prospective comparative trial that compared the sensitivity (SEN) and specificity (SPE) of screening RCTs, may-be-RCTs, and full-text-needed studies by using algorithms with different strategies and manual screening.Results:In total, 12,166 citations were used for CNN model training. All 3 training strategies performed well in RCTs-screening with AUCs being higher than 0.99. The training exhibited that, when screening for RCTs, the 5- and 3-category strategies can yield better performance than the 2-category strategy. When screening for may-be-RCTs and full text-needed studies, the 5-category model achieved better SENs while the 3-category model achieved higher SPEs. The comparative trial with 1,422 samples presented similar results.Conclusion: The CNN algorithm has promising results in the automatic screening of Chinese literature. The multi-category training strategies considering different study types and expression vagueness are more suitable for CNN training and can help achieve better screening sensitivity and specificity.
Morphological and Molecular Characteristics of Fungal Species Associated with Crown Rot of Strawberry in South Korea
Authors: Hassan Oliul , Chang Taehyun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Crown and root rot is the most important and destructive strawberry diseases in Korea as it causessubstantial economic loss. In August 2020, a severe outbreak of crown and root rot on strawberries (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) was observed in the greenhouse at Sangju, South Korea. Infected plantlets displayed browning rot within the crown and root, stunted growth, and poor rooting. Thirty fungal isolates were procured from the affected plantlet. Isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and pathogenicity test as well as sequence data obtained from internal transcribed spacer, large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid, translation elongation factor,and RNA polymerase Ⅱ-second largest subunit. Results showed that thecrown and root rot of strawberry in Korea was caused by three distinct fungal species:Fusarium oxysporum species complex, F. solani species complex, andPlectosphaerella cucumerina. To the best of our knowledge,F. solani species complex andP. cucumerinaare reported for the first time as the causal agents of the crown and root rot of strawberryin South Korea.Pathogenicity tests confirmed that these isolates are pathogenic to strawberry.Understanding the composition and biology of the pathogen population will be helpful toprovide effectivecontrol strategies for the disease.
High Doses of Dexamethasone Induce Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis by Promoting Calcium Ion Influx-Dependent CHOP Expression in Osteoblasts
Authors: Guo Yunshan , Hao Dingjun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The molecular mechanisms by which dexamethasone (Dex) induces apoptosis in osteoblasts remain unclear.Materials and Methods: MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with 0, 10-8, 10-6, and 10-4 M Dex for 24 h. The expression of ATF6, and phosphorylated PERK and IRE1, cell apoptosis, and the activity of caspase-12 and caspase-3 were measured. The expression of CHOP and the rate of influx of calcium ions were also measured in cells treated with 0 and 10-4 M Dex for 24 h. The effect of 2-APB treatment was assessed in cells treated with 0 or 10-4 M Dex.Results: The levels of ATF6 and phosphorylated PERK and IRE1 increased in a dose-dependent manner in MC3T3-E1 cells treated with 10-8, 10-6, and 10-4 M Dex, compared to in cells treated with 0 M Dex (P <0.05). Cells treated with 10-6 and 10-4 M Dex had significantly increased cell apoptosis rates and caspase-12 and caspase-3 activity compared to the control (P <0.05). Cells treated with 10-4 M Dex had significantly increased levels of CHOP and calcium ion influx rates compared to in the control (P <0.05). Combined treatment with 10-4 M Dex and 2-APB abrogated the observed increases in cell apoptosis and the activity of caspase-12 and caspase-3 (P>0.05). Conclusion: High doses of Dex induce endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis by promoting calcium ion influx-dependent expression of CHOP, and the activation of caspase-12 and caspase-3 in osteoblasts. Combined treatment with 2-APB protects the cells from the effects of Dex, preventing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis.
Targeted Cognitive Game Training Enhances Cognitive Performance in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated With Interferon Beta 1-a
Authors: Menascu Shay , Aloni Roy , Dolev Mark , Magalashvili David , Gutman Keren , Alster Sapir Dreyer , Tarpin-Bernard Franck , Achiron Ran , Harari Gil , Achiron Anat 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPrevention of cognitive decline in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is of major importance. We explored the effect of short-term computerized game training on cognitive performance in MS patients with mild cognitive impairment.MethodsWe enrolled in this prospective study 100 eligible MS patients treated with Interferon-beta-1a (Rebif). All had mild cognitive impairment in either executive function or information processing speed. Patients were randomized 1:1 to either use the cognitive games platform byHappyNeuron (HN) or receive no intervention. Executive function and information processing speed scores were measured at 3 and 6 months from baseline to evaluate the effect of game training on cognitive scores.ResultsIn both executive function and information processing speed, the game Training group showed significant improvement after 3 and 6 months. The Non-Training group showed mild deterioration in both domains at 3 months, and further deterioration that became significant at 6 months in executive function. Furthermore, at 6 months, the percent of patients in the Training group that improved or remained stable in both cognitive domains was significantly higher compared to the Non-Training group.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that cognitive game training has a beneficial effect on cognitive performance in MS patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment. While further evaluation is required to assess the longevity of that effect, we nonetheless recommend to MS patients to be engaged in cognitive gaming practice as part of a holistic approach to treating their condition.
Anlotinib Exerts Potent Antileukemic Activities in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Via Attenuation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Cascade
Authors: Chen Qiuling , Lai Qian , Jiang Yuelong , Chen Qinwei , Chen Guoshu , Li Guowei , deng manman , Xu Bing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Adult patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) have unfavorable prognosis. Recurrent disease is the major challenge for treatment success and has limited effective therapeutic strategies, suggesting that alternative therapeutics are unmet medical needs. Anlotinib, a novel multi-target inhibitor, is capable of blunting the proangiogenic activity of VEGFR, PDGFR and FGFR, and has shown strong antitumor effects across distinct solid tumors. No study to date has investigated the antileukemic efficacy of Anlotinib in B-ALL, thus prompting us to initiate this study.Methods: A published B-ALL microarray data was analyzed to identify the novel potential treatment choice using Expression2Kinases program. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Annexin V/PI staining kit and staining kit were used to assess cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution, respectively. The mechanism of action of Anlotinib was investigated with Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. A B-ALL Patient Derived Xenograft (PDX) animal model was generated and then use to analyze the in vivo antileukemia activity of Anlotinib.Results: In this study, we observed that recurrent B-ALL patients exhibited high proangiogenic activity relative to newly-diagnosed patients, as evidenced by upregulation of VEGF/VEGFR signaling and its downstream targets, including PIK3/AKT/mTOR pathway. In vitro studies demonstrated that Anlotinib was potent to reduce cell viability, induce cell apoptosis and block cell cycle at G2/M phase in B-ALL cells. In a patient-derived-xenograft (PDX) model, Anlotinib dramatically attenuated leukemia burden and improved prognosis as compared to the control group. Mechanistically, blockade of three important proangiogenic mediators, comprising VEGFR2, PDGFR-beta and FGFR3, played a critical role in the cytotoxicity of Anlotinib against B-ALL. Moreover, Anlotinib significantly dampened the activity of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway which resides in the convergence of these proangiogenic signals, manifested by dephosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and mTOR.Conclusions: In summary, our results indicate that Anlotinib exerts potent anti-leukemic efficacy in B-ALL preclinical models via perturbation of proangiogenic signalings and inactivation of the common downstream PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. This work provides evidence and a rationale for future evaluation of Anlotinib in B-ALL management in clinical settings.
A Genome-Wide Association Study for Fumonisin Contamination Resistance in Tropical Maize
Authors: Silva KARLA Jorge , Guimarães Claudia Teixeira , Tinoco Sylvia Morais de Sousa , Bernardino Karine da Costa , Trindade Roberto dos Santos , Queiroz Valéria Aparecida Vieira , Conceição Renata Regina Pereira da , Guilhen José Henrique Soler , de Oliveira Natanael Tavares , Damasceno Cynthia Maria Borges , Noda Roberto Willians , Dias Luiz Antônio dos Santos , Guimarães Lauro José Moreira , Melo Janaína de Oliveira , Pastina Maria Marta 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Native genetic resistance has been considered an effective and environmentally safe alternative to control fungal infections and to reduce mycotoxins accumulation in maize grains. Marker-assisted breeding can be used to accelerate the genetic gains for fumonisin contamination resistance. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes for resistance to fumonisin contamination in an Embrapa’s tropical maize panel. Two-hundred and five inbreed lines were evaluated in three field trials Brazil in order to quantify fumonisin contamination in maize grains. The lines were genotyped-by-sequencing (GBS), generating 385,654 high-quality polymorphic SNPs. Mycotoxins in the grain samples were isolated using commercial immunoaffinity columns and its concentrations were evaluated by fluorometric technique. Nine quantitative trait loci (QTL) were found associated with fumonisin concentration resistance in maize. Seven candidate genes with annotated functions associated with biosynthetic pathways of pathogen resistance and four genes have not been previously described as related to fumonisins contamination resistance. These findings will be important to better understand the fumonisin contamination resistance and to support the development of SNP markers to accelerate the selection process in tropical maize breeding programs.
An Asymmetric Quasi-zero Stiffness Vibration Isolator with Long Stroke and Large Bearing Capacity
Authors: Zhou Xinghua , Zhao Dingxuan , Sun Xiao , Yang Xiao , Zhang Jianhai , Ni Tao , Tang Kehong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A novel passive asymmetric quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator (AQZS-VI) comprising two linear springs acting in parallel with one negative stiffness element (NSE) is proposed, of which the NSE is mainly constructed by the combination of cantilever plate spring and L-shaped lever (CPS-LSL). The static model of the isolator is deduced considering the geometrical nonlinearity of the NSE and the bending deformation of plate spring. The nonlinear stiffness properties of the CPS-LSL and the AQZS-VI, as well as the nonlinear damping properties of the AQZS-VI are discussed. The absolute displacement transmissibility of the AQZS-VI under base displacement excitation is obtained using Harmonic Balance Method, and the effects of different excitation amplitudes and damping factors on the vibration isolation performance are analyzed. Better than other quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolators (QZS-VI) whose NSEs do not provide supporting force at zero stiffness point, the NSE of the AQZS-VI provides more supporting force than the parallel connected linear springs, which is very beneficial for improving the bearing capacity of the isolator. Compared with a typical symmetric QZS-VI with same damping property, the AQZS-VI has longer stroke with low stiffness and lower peak value of displacement transmissibility. The prototype experiments indicate that the AQZS-VI outperforms the linear counterpart with much smaller starting frequency of vibration isolation and lower displacement transmissibility. The proposed AQZS-VI has great potential for applying in various engineering practices with superior vibration isolation performance.
Human Adenoviruses in Paediatric Patients With Respiratory Tract Infections in Beijing, China
Authors: Huang Yiman , Wang Chao , Ma Fenlian , Guo Qiong , Yao Lihong , Chen Aijun , Luo Xiaoyi , Zheng Lishu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Human adenoviruse (HAdV) is a major pathogen of paediatric respiratory tract infections (RTIs). We described the epidemiology and genotypic diversity of HAdV in hospitalized children with RTIs in Beijing, China.Methods: Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from hospitalized children with RTIs from April 2018 to March 2019. HAdVs were detected by a quantitative real-time PCR, and the hexon gene was used for phylogenetic analysis. Results: Among 1,572 samples, 90 (5.72%) were HAdV-positive. The HAdV detection rate was highest in November and July. Among HAdV-positive children, 61.11% (55/90) were co-infected with other respiratory viruses, the most common of which were human respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus. The main diagnosis was bronchopneumonia, most patient have cough and fever. Children with a high viral load were more likely to have a high fever (P=0.041) and elevated WBC count (P=0.000). Of 55 HAdV-positive specimens, HAdV-B (63.64%), HAdV-C (27.27%), and HAdV-E (9.09%) were main epidemic subtypes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that hexon sequences of three samples were on the same branch with the recombinant HAdV strain (CBJ113), which was circulating in Beijing since 2016. Conclusion: The HAdV-B3 and HAdV-B7 are the main epidemic strains in Beijing, and the recombinant HAdV-C strain CBJ113 has formed an epidemic trend.