bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of correct stratifications when comparing directly and indirectly estimated reference intervals
Authors: Haeckel Rainer , Wosniok Werner 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
There are generally two major reasons for the comparison of reference intervals (RIs): when externally determined RIs (from the literature or provided by a manufacturer) are compared with presently used intra-laboratory RIs and when indirectly estimated RIs are compared with directly established RIs. Discrepancies within these comparisons may occur for two reasons: 1. the pre-analytical and/or analytical conditions do not agree and/or 2. biological variables influencing the establishment of RIs have not been considered adequately. If directly and indirectly estimated reference intervals (RIs) are compared with each other, they very often agree. Sometimes, however, a comparison may differ, with the reason for any discrepancy not being further studied. A major reason for differences in the comparison of RIs is that the requirement for stratification has been neglected.

Methods
The present report outlines the consequences to RI comparison if stratification is neglected during RI determination with the main variables affecting RIs being sex and age. Alanine aminotransferase was chosen as an example in which the RIs depend on both these factors.

Results
Both direct and indirect approaches lead to erroneous RIs if stratification for variables which are known to affect the estimation of RIs is not performed adequately. However, failing to include a required stratification in procedures for directly determined RIs affects the outcome in a different way to indirectly determined RIs.

Conclusions
The resulting difference between direct and indirect RIs is often misinterpreted as an incorrect RI estimation of the indirect method.
The Founding of Singapore and the Chinese Kongsis of West Borneo (ca.1819–1840)
Authors: Chan Ying-kit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Many historians have examined why Singapore failed to be a major trading center before the nineteenth century. This paper revisits the current scholarly literature on the founding of Singapore to make two arguments. First, I argue that we cannot understand the founding of Singapore and its role in the British Second Empire without delineating Singapore’s role as a forest- and marine-goods metropolis in the precolonial Chinese trading networks of Southeast Asia. Second, I try to show how the Chinese kongsis 公司 of West Borneo turned Singapore into a forest- and marine-goods metropolis, formed their own political and social institutions, and collectively functioned as a third autonomous pseudostate power alongside the British and the Dutch. This reconceptualization enables us to see the founding of Singapore as a joint enterprise, and not a solely British achievement.
Text and Image Studies: Theory of East Asian Cultural Diffusion
Authors: Lo-fen I 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The word ‘Text’ in Text and Image Studies encompasses sound/ language text, textual body, word/ literary text and image text. ‘Image’ represents not only pictorial illustrations, but also symbols, icons, logos/ trademarks and other forms of visual rhetoric, as well as videos, lines and printed material. Text and Image Studies offers valuable approaches in the investigation and analysis of the complexity of the interplay, interrelations and disjunctions between text and image in various forms of visual media. Chief subjects of interest include creativity and innovation, distribution and dissemination, sociopolitical implications, impact on consumerism, psychological effects on human cognition, etc. The theoretical application of Text and Image Studies in the East Asian cultural exchange discussed in this article is the fruit of almost two decades of research. The article uses a seven-pronged approach - canonization, politicization, conceptualization, abstraction, localization, standardization, modularization- in the study of East Asian cultural exchange in variety of regions, time periods, and genre in an attempt to explore new research ideologies and theories.
Authoritarian Violence, Public Health, and the Necropolitical State: Engaging the South African Response to COVID-19
Authors: Powers Theodore 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Following COVID-19’s arrival in March 2020, the South African government implemented a restrictive state-led response to the pandemic, limiting infections along with the survival strategies of those at greatest risk of illness. While the country’s aggressive tactics towards the pandemic have been lauded by some, the public health response has taken a violent turn towards the country’s historically marginalized Black urban population. How are we to make sense of the ruling African National Congress’ decision to utilize the South African state’s capacity for violence towards poor and working-class Black urban communities? How can this disease response be contextualized within the broader dynamics of citizenship across South African history? Building on these questions, I analyze South African efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic alongside the state response to an outbreak of bubonic plague during the colonial era. I propose that the South African state carries within it divergent historical continuities, some of which carry forward the necropolitical modalities of the colonial and apartheid eras and others that redistribute resources to safeguard life.
Soybean-based polymers and composites
Authors: Madbouly Samy , Edlis Sean , Ionadi Nicolas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Development and evaluation of new bio-based sustainable plastics to replace the petroleum-based materials in different industrial applications has both environmental and economic benefits. Bio-based polymers can be widely used in biomedical and agriculture applications due to their excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility. Soy protein is a natural material that can be isolated from soybean, which is a major agricultural crop in the U.S. The viability of soybean-based polymers and composites is questioned due to their high-water absorption and poor mechanical properties. There have been many environmentally friendly attempts to improve the properties of soybean polymers as soybeans and their extracts are widely available worldwide. Soy protein, hulls, and oils all find use in the development of different biodegradable polymers. While the development looks promising, there is still more work to do to make the soybean polymers useful and economically viable. Blending soy protein with other biodegradable polymers, such as polylactide (PLA) and polyurethane dispersion is a valid approach to improve the mechanical properties of soy protein and reduce its water sensitivity.
Gottesfürchtige Seeleute (Jon 1,5–16) und bußfertige Feinde (Jon 3,5–10)
Authors: Hensel Benedikt 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag analysiert die Konversion der Seeleute in Jon 1,5–16 und die Umkehr der Niniviten in Jon 3,5–19 und vergleicht sie miteinander. Hensel kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass zwei unterschiedliche Modelle der Zuordnung zum antiken Judentum im Rahmen dieser prophetischen Lehrerzählung vorgestellt und im Kontext vielfältiger Applikationen von Schrifttraditionen (insbesondere Joel und Jer; sowie der Gnadenformel Ex 34,6 f.) verhandelt werden. Im Hintergrund steht die Debatte um die Zuordnungsoptionen für »Proselyten« (Jon 1) und »Sympathisanten« des hellenistischen Judentums (Jon 3).
Numerical Calculation of the Heat Transfer Coefficients in Multi-Thermocouple Probes by the Reconstruction Temperature Method
Authors: Sanchez-Sarmiento Fernando B. , Cavaliere Miguel A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The numerical simulation of the heat transfer problem of the quenching process requires an accurate characterization of the heat transfer coefficient dependence on surface temperature, which is usually determined by measuring the cooling curve and applying an inverse method. In most cases, the thermocouple is located at the center of the probe (ISO 9950, Industrial Quenching Oils — Determination of Cooling Characteristics — Nickel-Alloy Probe Test Method), but, in recent years, probes with several thermocouples have been developed (e.g., Tensi test) and the process to estimate the coefficients turned out to be more complex. The proposed methodology has considered the numerical reconstruction of the temperature field of the probe using multi-thermocouple measurements, actual material properties, and heat transfer equations. The heat transfer coefficients are directly obtained from the numerically reconstructed thermal field based on the fact that its gradient at the boundaries is proportional to the heat flux transferred. It is important to remark that neither parameter optimization nor curve fitting is needed.
Linking ASI-Mobile Android-Based App on Mothers Attitude and Behavior on Exclusive Breastfeed
Authors: Oktaviani Oktaviani , Hariteluna Marselinus 
Published: May 2021

Exclusive breastfeeding within the Palangka Raya municipality is far below target, on which 14,99% (2016) and 16,76% (2017), respectively. There were several primary health has the feeding bout, only cover 2,58%. Due to a lack of mothers knowledge, regarding beneficial and proper breastfeeding practices. Todays technology presumably has the advantages as promotional media. The study was aimed to quantify the android-based application, so-called ASI-Mobile, towards mothers attitude and behavior, on exclusive breastfeeding within Jekan Raya district, Palangka Raya Municipality, Central Kalimantan. The Research was conducted in March - October 2019, using a quasi-experimental design, and the sample was 60 pregnant women, in the third trimester period, over the Jekan Raya District areas. ASI-Mobile was subjected to 30 pregnant women, while others 30 mothers by counseling, the conventional promotion type. Purposive sampling was used, their socio-economic was collected, descriptive analysis was conducted. Bivariate analysis, Wilcoxon ranked test was used to analyzed the effect of the treatments. We've have found a significant link on ASI-Mobile application toward mothers attitudes (p-value 0.046) and behavior (p-value 0.018). We concluded that the ASI-Mobile, an android-base application, is more effective towards shifting mothers attitudes and behavior on exclusive breastfeeding within our study area.
Assessing the Quality of Life Among Commuting Workers and Uncomfortable Travel
Authors: Kusmawan David , Andari Shofi , Susilowati Indri H 
Published: May 2021

Many studies conclude commuting that has an impact on the quality of life of the commuter both in the physical, psychological, health, and environmental aspects of the commuter. Increased risk of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD), obesity, increased blood pressure, and low physical health conditions are found in prolonged commuting activities as the existing problem in public health. This study using cross sectional design with WHO QOL BREF questionnaire.Â The total sample 155 respondents of commuting working using KRL Commuter Line Bogor to Jakarta in 2018. The initial model for assessing the relationship directly and indirectly between quality of life among commuting workers and travel uncomfortable, health complaint, psychological condition, bad experience, and income was constructed on the basis of severe hypotheses Based on the results of the path analysis it was found that income has a direct effect on quality of life. Psychological conditions have a direct effect on quality of life. Psychological condition is intervening variable for travel uncomfortable and health complaints as indirect effect. These results may help to identify the direct factor to improve the quality of life among commuting workers and as a basis for developing policies to improve the quality of public transportation services for commuting workers, and as a basis for formulating policies related to housing development locations that are integrated with public transportation facilities.
The Links Between Childhood Life Circumstances, Family Persecution and Discrimination Experiences, and Well-Being in Later Life
Authors: Eimontas Jonas , Bagdonas Albinas , Kairys Antanas , Zamalijeva Olga , Pakalniškienė Vilmantė , Sadauskaitė Raimonda 
Published: May 2021

The life course perspective raised many discussions about continuity, types of threads linking different developmental stages, and ways to identify these links. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of childhood family circumstances and family repression / discrimination experiences in predicting psychological well-being in later life. The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) wave 7 data was used; 1985 respondents aged 50+ (M = 66.23, SD = 10.52) living in Lithuania (63.8 % – female) provided retrospective information on their early life circumstances, including home environment, relationships with family / friends, family persecution. Psychological well-being was assessed with a 12-item Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure (CASP) scale. Results of the hierarchical regression analysis showed that the inclusion of family persecution and other childhood factors increases the prognostic value of the model by 8 percent. Relationships with mother and friends, self-rated health, perceived abilities, number of books at home, and physical harm by others significantly predicted psychological well-being among older adults, even after controlling pivotal sociodemographic variables. These results suggest that creating a caring, safe, and cognitively stimulating childhood environment can promote better development in early stages and contribute to greater psychological well-being in later life.
Nem lineáris életutak a felsőoktatásban, avagy hogyan kerüljük el a lemorzsolódást?
Authors: Krankovits Melinda , Kallós Gábor 
Published: May 2021

Összefoglaló. Napjainkban a felsőoktatás-kutatás egyik kiemelt
területe a lemorzsolódás vizsgálata. Tanulmányunk első részében foglalkozunk a
tömeges felsőoktatás problémájával, az expanzió elméleti hátterét ismertetve
nemzetközi szakirodalmon keresztül adunk példákat a fogalom mai megjelenésére. A
tanulmány a hallgatói életutakat vizsgálja, saját automatikus megoldást kínálva
az adatelemzésre. Ebből kitekintve, foglalkozunk a műszaki képzési területen is
megjelenő újra beiratkozás (re-gólya) jelenségével. Az eredményekből láthatjuk,
hogy az újra beiratkozás alternatívát kínál a lemorzsolódásra.
Summary. Nowadays some of the most important areas of higher
education research are dropping out and related case studies. The first part of
our study deals with the development of mass higher education, describing the
theoretical background of the expansion. This part provided examples of the
current appearance of basic concepts through international literature. The study
is about students’ life paths, also covers the topic of dropout researched by
many, offering our own automated solution for data analysis. Looking out of the
topic of dropout, we are dealing with the re-freshman phenomenon in the field of
technical discipline. It can be seen, that other choices, such as re-enrollment,
offer an alternative to dropout.
Rapprochement Urbanism
Authors: Pierce West Kendon , Gregory Alexis 
Published: May 2021

Rapprochement urbanism addresses how wild environments can be accommodated in urban spaces to create more sustainable and resilient cities. Referring to the dual realities of wilderness and urbanity, this design strategy explores the interaction of their two structures to replace the misconception that cities are built "on” the natural environment, with the assertion that cities are built "in” it. Jackson, Mississippi currently treats adjacent vibrant ecological habitats as forgotten back alleys rather than urban assets. Utilizing interventions within a holistic plan, rapprochement urbanism combats urban sprawl and "back alley” attitudes, mitigates stormwater challenges, and facilitates human and animal spatial needs. Rapprochement urbanism, through the rewilding of Jackson, MS, allows architects to more directly impact and improve the ecological sustainability of this city of 170,000 inhabitants.[i]

i"Jackson, Mississippi.” Jackson, Mississippi (MS) Profile: Population, Maps, Real Estate, Averages, Homes, Statistics, Relocation, Travel, Jobs,Hospitals, Schools, Crime, Moving, Houses, News, Sex Offenders. http://www.city-data.com/city/Jackson -Mississippi.html (Accessed November 01, 2018).
Ruptured splenic artery pseudoaneurysm: is surgery always required?
Authors: Bakhshi Girish D. , Patil Kanishk N. , Sholapur Sachin S. , Gutte Avinash , Sable Chandrakant , Patel Owais , Barfiwala Parth D. 
Published: May 2021

Splenic artery aneurysms are extremely rare, and pseudoaneurysms are even rarer. More often than not, the aetiology is acute or chronic pancreatitis, although blunt trauma to abdomen and previous endovascular procedure (iatrogenic) are also known causes. The condition can have a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from incidental finding to severe uncompensated circulatory shock. Splenic artery pseudoaneurysm (SAP) is frequently misdiagnosed as a pseudocyst pancreas with haemorrhage in it, as was the case with one of the present patients. In this case series, we discuss two patients of SAP. A young 33-year-old male patient, known case of pancreatitis, who presented with severe hypotension and ultrasonography (USG) suggestive of hemoperitoneum and pseudocyst pancreas with hematoma. The second patient was a 42-year-old male who presented with acute onset upper abdominal pain, vomiting, abdominal distension and giddiness. Both these patients were resuscitated by giving fluids and blood transfusions. Their diagnosis of SAP was confirmed on computed tomography (CT) of abdomen. Both these patients underwent endovascular coiling of SAP. Present report highlights the role of endovascular intervention in managing a bleeding SAP as long as emergency surgical team are kept on stand-by.
CASCAS E SEMENTES:
Authors: Jorney dos Santos Silva Wellyson , De Matos Azevedo Enrile , Gomes Cavalcante de Lisboa Cícera 
Published: May 2021

O Brasil está entres os países que mais produzem maracujá. A indústria produtora de sucos enfrenta um grande problema com o desperdício de resíduos sólidos, constituídos pelas cascas, sementes, polpa e compostos orgânicos que poderiam ser aproveitados. Objetivou-se apresentar as variadas utilizações dos resíduos (cascas e sementes) provenientes do processamento do maracujá-amarelo para elaboração de subprodutos no ramo alimentício. Realizou-se uma pesquisa nas bases indexadas disponíveis em plataformas de publicações científicas, em inglês e português. Empregando termos como: “Maracujá”, “Aplicação alimentícia”, “Subprodutos”. A espécie Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg., conhecida popularmente como maracujá, é a espécie mais difundida por causa da sua importância no setor de matéria prima de alimentos. É utilizado na fabricação de bebidas e doces, além de ser consumido in natura. Estudos têm evidenciado as propriedades funcionais da casca do maracujá, especialmente àquelas relacionadas ao teor e tipo de fibra encontrada em sua composição. A casca de maracujá pode ser utilizada para a elaboração de novos produtos como na composição de matinais; no enriquecimento de produtos alimentícios, principalmente no que se refere ao teor e fibras. São constituídas basicamente por carboidratos proteínas e pectinas, o que possibilita o aproveitamento das mesas para fabricação de doces. As sementes representam por volta de 6 a 12% da totalidade do peso do fruto e possuem altas quantidades de celulose e lignina. Concluiu-se que o aproveitamento apresenta a melhoria da saúde da população, redução na geração de resíduos e redução do impacto ambiental no processamento das frutas.
POTENCIAL DO APROVEITAMENTO AGROINDUSTRIAL DOS FRUTOS DA ACEROLEIRA E ROMÃZEIRA PARA PRODUÇÃO DE LICORES
Authors: Pinheiro Pombo Joseane Cristina , De Sá Crisliane Camargo , Botelho Vanessa Albres 
Published: May 2021

O setor de bebidas alcoólicas apresenta relevância econômica no Brasil, com destaque para o crescimento do consumo de licores à base de frutas, o que impulsiona o aproveitamento de frutas ainda pouco exploradas tecnologicamente, como a acerola e a romã. O objetivo deste estudo foi a elaboração de licores à base de acerola e romã afim de avaliar sua qualidade físico-química. As formulações foram submetidas a análises físico-químicas (pH, acidez, densidade, teor alcoólico, cinzas, extrato seco, sólidos solúveis totais, açúcares redutores, açúcares não redutores, açúcares totais, teor de ácido ascórbico e teor de compostos fenólicos totais) e os dados submetidos à análise da variância e, as médias, comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). Os licores apresentaram valores satisfatórios de pH (3,76 - 3,97), acidez (29,33 - 32 meq/L), densidade (1,08 - 1,09 g/mL), cinzas (0,04 - 0,05 %), extrato seco (25,53 - 26,95 g/L), bem como teor alcoólico (24 % v/v) e sólidos solúveis totais (30,30 - 30,80 °Brix) dentro dos parâmetros exigidos pela legislação, além de valores elevados de açúcares totais (48,15 - 48,85 %), açúcares redutores (14,39 - 14,78 %) e açúcares não redutores (32,65 - 32,66 %), sendo denominados de licores secos. O licor de acerola apresentou teores de ácido ascórbico (719,39 mg/g) e composto fenólicos totais (2874 mg GAE/L) significativamente superiores (p < 0,05) aos teores de ácido ascórbico (192,67 mg/g) e composto fenólicos totais (1100 mg GAE/L) do licor misto de acerola-romã. Desta forma, os resultados das análises demonstraram que os licores elaborados apresentaram boa fonte de compostos bioativos com grande potencial de consumo no mercado.
Análise de potencialidades de mercado para o camu-camu na região amazônica: Uma proposta sob a perspectiva da inovação
Authors: Quadros Samantha Xena Nunes , Alves Chagas Edvan , Nogueira-de-Almeida Carlos Alberto 
Published: May 2021

o camu-camu é um produto promissor ao mercado e à agroindústria pelo grande potencial tecnológico e nutricional. Um dos objetivos desse trabalho foi avaliar a dinâmica da inovação em bionegócios relacionada ao fruto amazônico camu-camu, de modo a enfatizar principalmente as potencialidades e a diversidade no uso do produto. Para isso, foi realizado um trabalho descritivo e reflexivo, por meio de uma revisão de literatura sobre o tema, relacionando-o ao potencial mercado consumidor dos produtos derivados desse fruto regional. Além disso, fez-se uma discussão sobre estratégias de inovação e de bionegócios com a utilização desse produto de forma sustentável, bem como sobre estratégias de inovação tecnológica nesse ramo específico. Nesse sentido, em meio a uma explanação sobre o cenário de mercado atual, surgiu a proposta de encapsular o camu-camu, processo considerado inovador na cidade de Boa Vista, capital de Roraima. Tal atividade exige desenvolvimento de tecnologias e capacitação de recursos tecnológicos e humanos para preparação de insumos em quantidade e qualidade para ser realizada. Enfatiza-se também que a implantação de políticas de inovação tecnológica tem papel fundamental para o crescimento socioeconômico dos estados da região amazônica, especificamente para Roraima. À vista disso, a comercialização do camu-camu em cápsulas torna-se interessante, pois, devido à elevada acidez desse fruto pelo alto teor de ácido ascórbico, ocorre limitação de consumo na forma in natura. Desse modo, o uso em cápsulas seria uma das soluções para consumo, haja vista que haveria o aproveitamento da composição nutricional do fruto e demais propriedades benéficas à saúde, para um mercado ainda inexistente no local.