bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 20-year results of the first 400 Conserve Plus hip resurfacing arthroplasties
Authors: Amstutz Harlan C. , Le Duff Michel Jean 
Published: July 2021

Aims Adverse local tissue reactions associated with abnormal wear considerably slowed down the general use of metal-on-metal (MoM) hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA), now limited to a few specialized centres. In this study, we provide the clinical results of 400 consecutive MoM HRAs implanted more than 20 years ago in one such centre. Methods A total of 355 patients (400 hips) were treated with Conserve Plus HRA between November 1996 and November 2000. There were 96 female (27%) and 259 male patients (73%). Their mean age was 48.2 years (SD 10.9). The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) hip scores and 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12) quality of life scores were reported. Survivorship was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analyses. Results The mean follow-up was 16.5 years (0.1 to 24.0), including 34 patients (37 hips) who died. The mean UCLA hip scores were 9.3 (2 to 10), 9.1 (3 to 10), 9.0 (3 to 10), and 6.9 (2 to 10) for pain, walking, function, and activity, respectively. The mean SF-12 scores were 48.4 (16.0 to 62.1) for the physical component and 48.5 (10.5 to 66.5) for the mental component, and did not differ from those of the general population of the USA. A total of 60 hips in 55 patients were revised. Using revision for any indication as the endpoint, the Kaplan-Meier survivorship was 83.5% at 20 years. A diagnosis of developmental dysplasia (hazard ratio (HR) 2.199 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.140 to 4.239); p = 0.019) and a low BMI (HR 0.931 (95% CI 0.873 to 0.994); p = 0.032) were risk factors for revision. Female sex was a risk factor only because of hip dysplasia and small component size. There were no cases of metal sensitivity associated with revision surgery. Radiological analysis showed persistent fixation in all but one hip. Conclusion The 83.5% 20-year survivorship of this initial series surpasses that of total hip arthroplasties in use 20 years ago in these young patients, suggesting satisfactory lifelong durability of the device for almost all of the remaining patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7 Supple B):25–32.
An Art School Schizologue [George Floyd, Rest in Power]
Authors: Broadey Andy 
Published: July 2021

This critical cartography surveys seven moments in critical practice/art pedagogy, which oscillate around the protests of 1968 and diffract the contemporary possibilitiesof art education in association with Halberstam’s (2019) notions of evacuation and wildness. The article reads across Deleuzoguattarian (1994 and 2007) schizoanalysis and Baradian (2007) intra-action to articulate struggles for racial justice as instances of Harney and Moten’s (2013) undercommons, operating as alternate sites of knowledge production and collective self-experimentation outside the neoliberal university. These moments of practice—Black Lives Matter protests in Bristol, the UK, the writings of Aimé Césaire, Audre Lorde, Mohamed Melehi, Benjamin Patterson, and Howardena Pindell, as well as a student occupation of Central Saint Martins, also in the UK—are aligned in series allowing the reader to appropriate each one in resonance with each other as a proposal for an art-pedagogy-to-come.
The Necessity of an Immanent Pedagogy of In|difference in the Shadow of the Anthropocene
Authors: Jagodzinski Jan 
Published: July 2021

Life can be theorised actively (liveliness) or passively, or as entangled. What does this mean for pedagogy within the Anthropocene? This essay speculatively develops the concept immanent pedagogy of in|difference to explore such a question. This involves an engagement with various expressions of new materialisms, presenting a case as to how the passivity of an indifferent life needs to be recognised to mitigate the excessive claims of life from personalist modernist instrumentalism to neo-Darwinian accounts.
A hidden deadly venomous insect: First eco-epidemiological assessment and risk mapping of lonomism in Argentina
Authors: Casafús Milena Gisela , Favalesso Marília Melo , Gritti Micaela Andrea , Coronel Juan Manuel , Guimarães Ana Tereza Bittencourt , Elisa Peichoto Maria 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundEnvenomation by the South AmericanLonomiasaturniid caterpillars, named lonomism, constitutes an emerging and somewhat neglected public health issue in Argentina and neighboring countries. Considering that there is an intricate relationship between environment and human health in such cases, this study aimed to analyze the eco-epidemiological profile of 40 accidents and 33 occurrences ofLonomiaspp. in Misiones (Argentina) between January 2014 and May 2020.Methodology/Principal findingsWe described the eco-epidemiological variables and characterized the abiotic scenario of such cases. Additionally, we obtained a density map that shows the punctual intensity ofLonomiarecords throughout Misiones. Most of the accidents occurred in the Department of Guaraní and involved male victims younger than 20 years old. The accidental/occasional occurrence ofLonomiaspp. (considering both adult and caterpillar stages together) was significantly higher in the rural area, whereas only adult specimens were found in urban areas. We determined that the presence of this insect in Misiones is positively related to higher temperatures and solar radiation, and larger precipitation and evapotranspiration throughout the year.Conclusion/SignificanceThis study represents an initial step towards the global understanding of lonomism as a public health problem in Argentina. It provides a map of the risk level for this envenomation in Misiones, which could help authorities address public health policy efforts to implement sustainable strategies for prevention and response to this threat in Northeastern Argentina and neighboring regions.
Inequalities of visceral leishmaniasis case-fatality in Brazil: A multilevel modeling considering space, time, individual and contextual factors
Authors: Cota Gláucia , Erber Astrid Christine , Schernhammer Eva , Simões Taynãna Cesar 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundIn Brazil, case-fatality from visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is high and characterized by wide differences between the various political-economic units, the federated units (FUs). This study was designed to investigate the association between factors at the both FU and individual levels with the risk of dying from VL, after analysing the temporal trend and the spatial dependency for VL case-fatality.MethodologyThe analysis was based on individual and aggregated data of the Reportable Disease Information System-SINAN (Brazilian Ministry of Health). The temporal and spatial distributions of the VL case-fatality between 2007 and 2017 (27 FUs as unit of analysis) were considered together with the individual characteristics and many other variables at the FU level (socioeconomic, demographic, access to health and epidemiological indicators) in a mixed effects models or multilevel modeling, assuming a binomial outcome distribution (death from VL).FindingsA linear increasing temporal tendency (4%/year) for VL case-fatality was observed between 2007 and 2017. There was no similarity between the case-fatality rates of neighboring FUs (non-significant spatial term), although these rates were heterogeneous in this spatial scale of analysis. In addition to the known individual risk factors age, female gender, disease’s severity, bacterial co-infection and disease duration, low level schooling and unavailability of emergency beds and health professionals (the last two only in univariate analysis) were identified as possibly related to VL death risk. Lower VL incidence was also associated to VL case-fatality, suggesting that unfamiliarity with the disease may delay appropriate medical management: VL patients with fatal outcome were notified and had VL treatment started 6 and 3 days later, respectively, in relation to VL cured patients. Access to garbage collection, marker of social and economic development, seems to be protective against the risk of dying from VL. Part of the observed VL case-fatality variability in Brazil could not be explained by the studied variables, suggesting that factors linked to the intra FU environment may be involved.ConclusionsThis study aimed to identify epidemiological conditions and others related to access to the health system possibly linked to VL case-fatality, pointing out new prognostic determinants subject to intervention.
Comparison of the complications between minimally invasive surgery and open surgical treatments for early-stage cervical cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yilin , Kong Qingduo , Wei Hongyi , Wang Yongjun 
Published: July 2021

Background
This meta-analysis comprehensively compared intraoperative and postoperative complications between minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and laparotomy in the management of cervical cancer. Even though the advantages of laparotomy over MIS in disease-free survival and overall survival for management of gynecological diseases have been cited in the literature, there is a lack of substantial evidence of the advantage of one surgical modality over another, and it is uncertain whether MIS is justifiable in terms of safety and efficacy.

Methods
In this meta-analysis, the studies were abstracted that the outcomes of complications to compare MIS (laparoscopic or robot-assisted) and open radical hysterectomy in patients with early-stage (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics classification stage IA1-IIB) cervical cancer. The primary outcomes were intraoperative overall complications, as well as postoperative aggregate complications. Secondary outcomes included the individual complications. Two investigators independently performed the screening and data extraction. All articles that met the eligibility criteria were included in this meta-analysis.

Results
The meta-analysis finally included 39 non-randomized studies and 1 randomized controlled trial (8 studies were conducted on robotic radical hysterectomy (RRH) vs open radical hysterectomy (ORH), 27 studies were conducted on laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) vs ORH, and 5 studies were conducted on all three approaches). Pooled analyses showed that MIS was associated with higher risk of intraoperative overall complications (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.07–1.86, P<0.05) in comparison with ORH. However, compared to ORH, MIS was associated with significantly lower risk of postoperative aggregate complications (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.34–0.48, P = 0.0143). In terms of individual complications, MIS appeared to have a positive effect in decreasing the complications of transfusion, wound infection, pelvic infection and abscess, lymphedema, intestinal obstruction, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and urinary tract infection. Furthermore, MIS had a negative effect in increasing the complications of cystotomy, bowel injury, subcutaneous emphysema, and fistula.

Conclusions
Our meta-analysis demonstrates that MIS is superior to laparotomy, with fewer postoperative overall complications (wound infection, pelvic infection and abscess, lymphedema, intestinal obstruction, pulmonary embolism, and urinary tract infection). However, MIS is associated with a higher risk of intraoperative aggregate complications (cystotomy, bowel injury, and subcutaneous emphysema) and postoperative fistula complications.
Fearing fear itself: Crowdsourced longitudinal data on Covid-19-related fear in Sweden
Authors: Tishelman Carol , Hultin-Rosenberg Jonas , Hadders Anna , Eriksson Lars E. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe Covid-19 pandemic has had unprecedented effects on individual lives and livelihoods as well as on social, health, economic and political systems and structures across the world. This article derives from a unique collaboration between researchers and museums using rapid response crowdsourcing to document contemporary life among the general public during the pandemic crisis in Sweden.Methods and findingsWe use qualitative analysis to explore the narrative crowdsourced submissions of the same 88 individuals at two timepoints, during the 1stand 2ndpandemic waves, about what they most fear in relation to the Covid-19 pandemic, and how their descriptions changed over time. In this self-selected group, we found that aspects they most feared generally concerned responses to the pandemic on a societal level, rather than to the Covid-19 disease itself or other health-related issues. The most salient fears included a broad array of societal issues, including general societal collapse and fears about effects on social and political interactions among people with resulting impact on political order. Notably strong support for the Swedish pandemic response was expressed, despite both national and international criticism.ConclusionsThis analysis fills a notable gap in research literature that lacks subjective and detailed investigation of experiences of the general public, despite recognition of the widespread effects of Covid-19 and its’ management strategies. Findings address controversy about the role of experts in formulating and communicating strategy, as well as implications of human responses to existential threats. Based on this analysis, we call for broader focus on societal issues related to this existential threat and the responses to it.
HIV-1 Gag gene mutations, treatment response and drug resistance to protease inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Nka Alex Durand , Teto Georges , Santoro Maria Mercedes , Ngum Ndze Valantine , Takou Désiré , Dambaya Beatrice , Ngoufack Jagni Semengue Ezechiel , Fabeni Lavinia , Perno Carlo-Federico , Colizzi Vittorio , Ceccherini-Silberstein Francesca , Fokam Joseph 
Published: July 2021

Background
Some mutations in the HIV-1 Gag gene are known to confer resistance to ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (PI/r), but their clinical implications remain controversial. This review aims at summarizing current knowledge on HIV-1 Gag gene mutations that are selected under PI/r pressure and their distribution according to viral subtypes.

Materials and methods
Randomized and non-randomized trials, cohort and cross-sectional studies evaluating HIV-1 Gag gene mutations and protease resistance associated mutations, will all be included. Searches will be conducted (from January 2000 onwards) in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILAC), Web of Science, African Journals Online, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases. Hand searching of the reference lists of relevant reviews and trials will be conducted and we will also look for conference abstracts. Genotypic profiles of both Gag gene and the protease region as well as viral subtypes (especially B vs. non B) will all serve as comparators. Primary outcomes will be the “prevalence of Gag mutations” and the “prevalence of PI/r resistance associated mutations”. Secondary outcomes will be the “rate of treatment failure” and the distribution of Gag mutations according to subtypes. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, assess the full texts for eligibility, and extract data. If data permits, random effects models will be used where appropriate. This study will be reported according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses.

Discussion
This systematic review will help identify HIV-1 Gag gene mutations associated to PI/r-based regimen according to viral subtypes. Findings of this review will help to better understand the implications of the Gag gene mutations in PI/r treatment failure. This may later justify considerations of Gag-genotyping within HIV drug resistance interpretation algorithms in the clinical management of patients receiving PI/r regimens.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO: CRD42019114851.
A normative database of A-scan data using the Heidelberg Spectralis Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography machine
Authors: Meyer Joos , Karri Roshan , Danesh-Meyer Helen , Drummond Kate , Symons Andrew 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
To develop the first normative database of macular and circumpapillary scans with reference values at the level of the A-scan using the Heidelberg Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) machine.

Methods
This study is a retrospective cross sectional analysis of macular and circumpapillary OCT scans of healthy individuals. All participants had a full ophthalmic examination, including best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, biomicroscopy, posterior segment examination and OCT scan. The volume and thickness of each of the nine Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy zones at the macula were analysed for the total retinal thickness, retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL). The thickness of the circumpapillary RNFL was analysed at the disc. Associations between age, gender, refractive error and OCT measurements were explored. De-identified A-scans were extracted from the OCT machine as separate tab-separated text file and made available according to the data sharing statement.

Results
Two-hundred eyes from 146 participants were included of which 69 (47%) were female. The mean age (SD) was 48.52 (17.52). Participants were evenly distributed across four age groups and represented nine broad ethnic groups in proportions comparable to the local distribution. All the macular scans were 20° x 20° (5.9 mm x 5.9 mm), with a total scan density between 12,800 and 49,152 A-scans. The peripapillary scans were all 12° (3.5 mm), at a scan density of 768 A-scans. The mean retinal, GCL and IPL volumes were significantly greater in males than females. Mean peripapillary RNFL thickness did not differ significantly between males and females. Age and total retinal volume (r = –0.2561, P = 0.0003), GCL volume (–0.2911, P < 0.0001) and IPL volume (–0.3194, P < 0.0001) were negatively correlated. The IPL had the strongest three significant negatively associated segments; superior inner IPL (r = –0.3444, P < 0.0001), nasal outer IPL (r = –0.3217, P < 0.0001) and inferior inner IPL (r = –0.3179, P < 0.0001). The temporal inner macular RNFL showed a statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.1929, P = 0.0062) with age. The only significant association between age and thickness at the peripapillary disc scan was the superior temporal sector (r = –0.1910, P = 0.0067). All retinal layers were negatively correlated for refractive error, except for the central RNFL which was positively correlated (r = 0.1426, P = 0.044).

Conclusion
This study provides a normative database of macular and circumpapillary scans with reference values at the level of the A-scan using the Heidelberg Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) machine.
Helminth infection induces non-functional sensitization to house dust mites
Authors: Doyen Virginie , Truyens Carine , Nhu Thi Hoa , Mong Hiep Tran Thi , Le Chi Thanh , De Blay Frederic , Huynh Phuong Thi Ngoe , Michel Olivier , Corazza Francis 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundIgE characterizes the humoral response of allergic sensitization but less is known about what modulates its function and why some patients present clinical symptoms for a given IgE level and others do not. An IgE response also occurs during helminth diseases, independently of allergic symptoms. This response could be a model of non-functional IgE.ObjectiveTo study the IgE response against environmental allergens induced during natural helminth infection.MethodsIn 28 non allergic subjects from the periphery of Ho Chi Minh city with (H+, n = 18) and without helminth infection (H-, n = 10), we measured IgE and IgG4 against several components ofDermatophagoïdes pteronyssinus(Dpt) and Ascaris (a marker of immunization against nematodes), and determined the IgE component sensitization profile using microarray ISAC biochips. The functional ability of IgE to induce degranulation of cultured mast cells was evaluated in the presence of Dpt.ResultsNon allergic H+ subjects exhibited higher levels of IgE against Dpt compared to H- subjects. Dpt IgE were not functionalin vitroand did not recognize usual Dpt major allergens. IgE recognized other component allergens that belong to different protein families, and most were glycosylated. Depletion of IgE recognizing carbohydrate cross-reactive determinant (CCD) did not induce a reduction in Dpt IgE. The Dpt IgG4 were not significantly different.ConclusionHelminth infections induced IgE against allergens such as Dpt and molecular components that belong to different sources as well as against CCD (such as β-1,2-xylose and/or ⍺-1,3-fucose substituted N-glycans). Dpt IgE were not able to induce degranulation of mast cells and were not explained by sensitization to usual major allergens or N-glycans.
Perception of risk of exposure in the management of hazardous drugs in home hospitalization and hospital units
Authors: Bernabeu-Martínez Mari Ángeles , Sánchez-Tormo Julia , García-Salom Pedro , Sanz-Valero Javier , Wanden-Berghe Carmina 
Published: July 2021

Objective
To assess the perception of risk of exposure in the management of hazardous drugs (HDs) through home hospitalization and hospital units.

Material and methods
A questionnaire was released, at the national level, to health professionals with HD management expertise. Questionnaire included 21 questions that were scored using a Likert scale: 0 (null probability) to 4 (very high probability). The internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire were calculated using Cronbach’s alpha and the intraclass correlation coefficient, respectively.

Results
144 questionnaires (response rate 70.2%) were obtained: 65 (45.1%) were nurses, 42 (28.9%) occupational physicians, and 37 (26.1%) were pharmacists. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.93, and intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.94 (95% CI 0.91–0.97; p-value < 0.001). The mean probability was 1.95 ± 1.02 (median 1.9; minimum: 0.05; 1st quartile 1.1; 3rd quartile 2.6; and maximum 4). Differences were observed in scoring among professional groups (occupational physicians versus nurses (1.6/2.1, p = 0.044); pharmacists versus nurses (1.7/2.1, p = 0.05); and occupational physicians versus pharmacists (1.6/1.7, p = 0.785), due mainly to the administration stage (p = 0.015).

Conclusions
The perception of risk of exposure was moderate, being higher for nurses. It would be advisable to integrate HDs into a standardized management system (risk management model applicable to any healthcare center) to improve the safety of health professionals.