bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the issue of teaching foreign languages in non-linguistic educational institutions.
Authors: Kalugina Kseniya Viktorovna 
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, learning foreign languages is an important aspect of modern human life. The article discusses methods of effective teaching of a foreign language in non-linguistic educational institutions. Author studies methods of learning foreign languages in non-linguistic educational institutions. When researching the topic, many questions arose: is there a relationship between mastering a foreign language and the teacher's attitude to the discipline being taught? What factors influence the learning of foreign languages ? Is it possible to form an interest in a subject through curiosity in the learning process ? How to increase the motivation of students in learning a foreign language in non-linguistic institutions ? The main task was to find ways to solve the development of educational material in the absence of interest in the subject. To implement it, theoretical aspects, statistics of foreign language learning among 1st and 2nd year students of a non-linguistic educational institution based on a questionnaire, practical methods of mastering foreign language material were used. The results were expected: students are partially involved in the language environment due to ignorance of grammatical basics and their application in practice, misunderstanding of foreign language speech when using audio-linguistic means of communication and, as a result, the inability to build monological and dialogical speech. Based on the survey data, it can be concluded that the majority of students are focused on the fact that learning a foreign language is necessary in the future. Naturally, a conscious interest and incentive would be comfortable conditions for productive language learning, but for students of non-core specialties this is more a utopia than fertile ground. In this regard, there are questions about learning and teaching foreign languages. The main condition in learning a foreign language is motivation.
A Pilot Study Evaluating Medication Adherence in Geriatric Patients with Chronic Conditions
Authors: K.M Vivekanandan. , R Siva , Raju Smilelin , G Saranya 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: More established grown-ups are more inclined to ongoing circumstances and intermittent ailment like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, respiratory messes and so on which might require persistent prescription with different medications. Unfortunate consistency in this age bunch represents medicine wastage with the inflated cost of medical care and significant deterioration of the sickness with disability of death. A large portion of the human and financial expenses related to non-adherence can be tried not by further developing prescription adherence. Typically, geriatric patients have different co-morbidities, which can antagonistically influence drug consistence. Our review recognizes different reasons liable for low adherence.
Aim: To assess the level of medication compliance in the geriatric patients with chronic conditions and also analyze the reason behind the non-adherence.
Materials and methods: The study subjects were assessed by using 8 structured questionnaires as per modified morisky medication adherence scale(MMAS).
Results: A total of 88 subjects of geriatric patients with chronic conditions were assessed for the level of compliance for long term medications. The compliance level was assessed by interviewing patients with 8 item structured questionnaires as per Modified Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS). The level of compliance was high in 34 and moderate in 39 and low in 15 of the study subjects.
Conclusion: To further develop drug adherence it is fundamental to recognize the purposes for the non-adherence like confounded systems, obliviousness about the sickness and inconveniences, physical and financial problems, forgetfulness, accessibility issues and absence of section of land providers and so on. Geriatric patients particularly tend to quit taking drugs by their own this can make it hard to anticipate improvement in the adherence. So, medication consistency is a vital element which increments helpful result.
Comparative Pest Resistance of Hot Pepper Hybrids in Organic Farming Systems
Authors: Salkić Besim , Salihović Emina , Imširović Emir , Salkić Ensar , Životić Aleksandar 
Published: January 2025

The genetic basis of the hybrid and growing conditions can significantly affect the resistance to certain types of pests in environmental protection. Some hybrids have a thicker fruit skin, higher concentrations of capsaicin (the active ingredient in hot peppers) or that the fruit contains secondary metabolites that repel pests. This is very important in ecological agriculture and environmental protection, where conventional preparations are not used. The degree of resistance of hybrids can also differ according to which types of pests are dominant in the environment. This research examines pest resistance between two different hot pepper hybrids in organic production with identical agro-ecological conditions, nutrition and plant protection. The experiment was planted in the lowland part of Bosnia and Herzegovina at an altitude of 192 m in greenhouse. During a four-month study were monitored two type of hot peppers: hybrids Fortessa and Hungarian. The attack of the five most important pests of pepper were monitored: Frankliniella occidentalis, Ostrinia nubilalis, Aphididae, Panonychus ulmi and Trialeurodes vaporarium. The resistance of the Fortessa hybrid was higher against all of the mentioned pests. Considering that the temperature was very high all trought the vegetation period and without a long period of rainfall, the attack of the mite - Panonychus ulmi was increased. The resistance of Fortesse to Panonychus ulmi is 31% higher compared to Hungarian pepper. The yield of the Fortessa hybrid is 0.52 kg higher per plant compared to Hungarian pepper. The use of genetically more resistant varieties and hybrids in organic production is the main preventive protection in the already limited possibilities of using plant protective products. Cultivation of hybrids in real conditions is the most reliable way to obtain data of plant resistance two different pepper hybrids.
3.4% Solar‐to‐Ammonia Efficiency from Nitrate Using Fe Single Atomic Catalyst Supported on MoS2 Nanosheets
Authors: Li Ji , Zhang Yuan , Liu Chao , Zheng Lirong , Petit Eddy , Qi Kun , Zhang Yang , Wu Huali , Wang Wensen , Tiberj Antoine , Wang Xuechuan , Chhowalla Manish , Lajaunie Luc , Yu Ruohan , Voiry Damien 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElectrochemical synthesis of NH3 is a carbon‐free alternative to the traditional Haber–Bosch process. Obtaining NH3 from environmental pollutants, such as nitrates or nitrites, is a more practical route than from the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) due to the difficult cleavage of the inert triple bond of nitrogen gas. Here, a novel heterogeneous catalyst is reported based on iron (Fe) single‐atoms supported on 2D MoS2 (Fe‐MoS2) for the nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR). Fe‐MoS2 exhibits remarkable performance with a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 98% for NO3RR to NH3 at an onset potential of −0.48 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) as confirmed by the isotopic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the enhanced selectivity for the production of NH3 from single Fe atoms supported on MoS2 is attributed to a reduced energy barrier of 0.38 eV associated with de‐oxidation of *NO to *N. The catalysts are coupled to an InGaP/GaAs/Ge triple‐junction solar cell to demonstrate a solar‐to‐ammonia (STA) conversion efficiency of 3.4% and a yield rate of 510 µg h−1 cm−2. The results open new avenues for the design of single‐atom catalysts (SAC) for the realization of solar‐driven ammonia production.
Regulating Zinc Deposition Behaviors by the Conditioner of PAN Separator for Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fang Yun , Xie Xuesong , Zhang Bingyao , Chai Yizhao , Lu Bingan , Liu Mengke , Zhou Jiang , Liang Shuquan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage due to the high safety and cost effectiveness. Yet it is suffered from the obscurely uncontrolled Zn2+ deposition that accumulates together and easily penetrates the separator. Here, a 3D long‐range ordered polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber separator is designed to overcome this barrier. The N atoms on the surface of separator uniformly distribute the ion flux and guide the cation transport through available N–Zn bonds. Hence, the electric field on the anode is evenly distributed, which helps to guide the nucleation, growth, and deposition of zinc ions. Benefit from this functional group, a Zn symmetric cell with PAN separator shows a long‐term stability and dendrite‐free deposition layer with a preferred (101) crystallographic orientation. Meanwhile, the Zn/NH4V4O10 cells display high specific capacity and excellent long‐term durability of 89.2% capacity retention after 1500 cycles at 10 A g−1. This work demonstrates the design of functional separator provides an effective way to modify Zn2+ deposition behavior and achieve a dendrite‐free Zn metal anode.
Architecting Hybrid Donor–Acceptor Dendritic Nanosheets Based on Polyoxometalate and Porphyrin for High‐Yield Solar Water Purification
Authors: Zhou Yue , Lu Qichen , Liu Qingda , Yang Haozhou , Liu Junli , Zhuang Jing , Shi Wenxiong , Wang Xun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHarvesting solar energy for saline and polluted water purification is a sustainable and affordable solution to alleviate the stress on water shortages. However, the water evaporation rate relies on high optical intensity and suffers from inadequate energy conversion. Herein, a novel hybrid donor–acceptor dendritic nanosheets (denoted as DNS) composed of phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) clusters and porphyrin ligands is reported. Experimental results and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the PMA and porphyrin are oriented attachment and assembled into a stable nanostructure. Benefiting from the advantages of the unique structure and photosensitive components, the DNS exhibits high evaporation rate of 2.23 kg m‐2 h‐1 with 90.9% energy efficiency under 1 sun irradiation. It is noteworthy that the evaporation performance is upgraded by innovative technology, and even under 0.5 sun that is close to the natural sunlight intensity, the evaporation rate reaches up to 1.31 kg m‐2 h‐1, which exceeds that of the vast majority of the reported evaporators. Furthermore, this evaporator also displays excellent seawater desalination and wastewater decontamination based on photo‐thermal distillation, highlighting its potential application toward water purification.
Engineered Tissue Models to Replicate Dynamic Interactions within the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche
Authors: Gilchrist Aidan E. , Harley Brendan A. C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells are the progenitors of the blood and immune system and represent the most widely used regenerative therapy. However, their rarity and limited donor base necessitate the design of ex vivo systems that support HSC expansion without the loss of long‐term stem cell activity. This review describes recent advances in biomaterials systems to replicate features of the hematopoietic niche. Inspired by the native bone marrow, these instructive biomaterials provide stimuli and cues from cocultured niche‐associated cells to support HSC encapsulation and expansion. Engineered systems increasingly enable study of the dynamic nature of the matrix and biomolecular environment as well as the role of cell–cell signaling (e.g., autocrine feedback vs paracrine signaling between dissimilar cells). The inherent coupling of material properties, biotransport of cell‐secreted factors, and cell‐mediated remodeling motivate dynamic biomaterial systems as well as characterization and modeling tools capable of evaluating a temporally evolving tissue microenvironment. Recent advances in HSC identification and tracking, model‐based experimental design, and single‐cell culture platforms facilitate the study of the effect of constellations of matrix, cell, and soluble factor signals on HSC fate. While inspired by the HSC niche, these tools are amenable to the broader stem cell engineering community.
3D Printing of a Flexible Inclined‐Tip Cone Array‐Based Pressure Sensor
Authors: Li Tong , Pan Peng , Yang Zhengchun , Wei Jun , Yang Xiaoping , Liu Jun , Zhou Jie , Zhang Xiaodong , Liu Guanying 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe high sensitivity and portability of flexible pressure sensors have attracted widespread attention from researchers owing to their potential use in health monitoring and exercise detection applications. However, to improve the performance of pressure sensors, a special microstructure‐shaped design is necessary, which usually requires a complicated manufacturing process. In this study, the use of 3D printing technology is proposed to develop a polydimethylsiloxane‐based material along with several conductive materials—carbon black, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and copper mixed conductive ink—to develop a multilevel inclined‐tip cone array structure to obtain a flexible pressure sensor with a wide detection range and high sensitivity. The final pressure sensor demonstrates a wide range of 0–396 kPa, achieving a high sensitivity of 212 kPa−1, a response time of 32 ms, a low detection limit of 7.69 Pa, along with high stability and consistency under a 5000 cycles compression test. 3D printing technology is used directly in the manufacturing process to achieve low‐cost production. The pressure sensor can accurately identify finger, arm (bending), and leg (jumping) movements, along with the detection of pulse waves. It has opened up new test methods for pulse diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine and has far‐reaching research significance.
Dry Spun, Bulk‐Functionalized rGO Fibers for Textile Integrated Potentiometric Sensors
Authors: Napier Bradley S. , Matzeu Giusy , Presti Marco Lo , Omenetto Fiorenzo G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThread or fiber‐based sensors can be integrated into wearable textiles paving the way for re‐engineered electrochemical sensing units for exercise or training analytics in real‐time. Textile‐based sensors currently have limitations such as large diameters, low conductivity, poor electrochemical performance and sensing stability, or expensive manufacturing processes—preventing many commercial applications in sweat sensing. Pure reduced graphene oxide (rGO) fibers show much promise as low‐cost electrode material for the development of high‐performance textile‐based sweat sensing units with strong electrical, mechanical, and material properties, owing to the solid core structure, rather than a coated textile. Potentiometric sensing units based on H+ Ion Selective Electrodes fabricated on dry‐spun rGO and redox modified rGO fibers combined with a rGO fiber‐based reference electrode are reported here. The potentiometric fiber‐based interface is then integrated into a T‐shirt with Bluetooth recording unit for continuous monitoring during exercise. The small diameter and facile functionalization of rGO fibers will enable applications such as multi‐sensor threads and distributed fibers that can be seamlessly integrated into sensing empowered textiles.
Nematic Liquid Crystal Disclination Lines Driven by A Photoaligned Defect Grid
Authors: Nys Inge , Berteloot Brecht , Beeckman Jeroen , Neyts Kristiaan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhotoalignment for nematic liquid crystals makes it possible to design complex alignment patterns with point defects, that can act as anchoring points for disclination lines. This feature may be used to realize novel electro‐optical devices with bistability or enhanced scattering and is promising for material applications such as stimuli‐responsive actuators, active matter, and assembly of colloidal particles. However, the applicability is hampered by the limited understanding of the interaction between the defects in the photoalignment pattern and the disclination lines in the nematic liquid crystal. In this work disclination lines are studied that connect surface defects of strength 1/2 arranged in a periodic grid. The elastic tension is estimated in the disclination line and it is shown how the director configuration close to a +1/2 surface defect is influenced by the fact that the three elastic constants are different. A tilt is induced close to the surface that can be amplified and visualized by applying a voltage.
Wafer‐Scale Growth of Vertical‐Structured SnSe2 Nanosheets for Highly Sensitive, Fast‐Response UV–Vis–NIR Broadband Photodetectors
Authors: Chen Zhiyong , Xiong Lei , Li Guangyuan , Wei Lei , Yang Chunlei , Chen Ming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOwing to the strong light–matter interactions, 2D semiconducting thin films have shown their great potential in the development of high‐performance ultraviolet–visible–near infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) broadband photodetectors (PDs). However, the planar 2D semiconducting thin films via conventional growth method are often in the form of isolated flakes and/or suffering from low absorption efficiency of light, which hinders the UV–Vis–NIR optoelectronics from widespread applications. Herein are reported high‐performance nonplanar UV–Vis–NIR broadband PD arrays, based on wafer‐scale, vertical‐structured SnSe2 nanosheet arrays (NSAs) via low‐temperature molecular beam epitaxy method. The vertical‐structured SnSe2 NSAs possess light absorption efficiency of >90% covering the wave range from 340 to 650 nm. Benefiting from the excellent light trapping ability and uniformity of waferscaled SnSe2 NSAs as well as relatively short channel, the broadband PD arrays exhibit superior comprehensive performance. They achieve a high responsivity of 31.94 A W‐1, fast speed (≈63 μs), and high uniformity. In addition, the responsivity of the broadband PD arrays is further improved via Zn‐doping technique.
Photon Recycling Effect and Lossless Fluorescence Propagation in β‐Sheet Peptide Fibers
Authors: Apter Boris , Lapsker Igor , Inberg Alexandra , Rosenman Gil 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLight‐delivering optical fibers are widely used for biomedical imaging, theranostics and surgery, and optogenetics. In this work, a new generation of bioinspired optical fibers is proposed. Developed amyloidogenic peptide fibrillary structures with tailored β‐sheet conformation exhibit unique optical properties of full overlapping of broadband visible fluorescence (FL) and optical absorption spectra. This study reports on unexpected lossless propagation of the FL light along 100 µm length β‐sheet microfibers. It is shown that the found FL long‐distance lossless radiative energy transport occurs due to highly effective FL photon recycling phenomenon supported by FL zero Stokes shift and high quantum yield. This new non‐Beer–Lambert FL lossless propagation mechanism is observed in very thin ≈1 µm diameter fibers, providing a single/few‐mode waveguiding regime. The developed model and computer simulations, based on the finite difference time domain method, are consistent with the experimental results. Fabricated peptide FL fiber probes permit delivering intensity‐modulated FL signal with selected wavelength over the whole visible spectrum in wide modulation frequencies range.
Vertical Thin Film Transistor Based on Conductivity Modulation of Graphene Electrode by Micro‐Hole Patterning
Authors: Pyo Goeun , Lee Gwang Jun , Lee Seungchul , Yang Jae Hoon , Heo Su Jin , Choi Gyeong Hyeon , Cha SeungNam , Jang Jae Eun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe vertical thin film transistor (VTFT) has several advantages over the planar thin film transistor, such as a high current density and low operating voltage, because of the structural specificity. However, it is difficult to realize transistor operation in a VTFT because of the structural limitation that the gate field is blocked. As a solution, the conductivity modulation of a graphene electrode is studied with a micro‐hole structure as a gate field transfer electrode. The micro‐hole array pattern in the graphene allows better penetration of the gate field to junction and the work function to be modulated. Moreover, the patterning induces a doping effect on the graphene which results in a high barrier at the p–n junction and improves the conductivity in the device operation. The optimum performance is shown at 5 µm hole size and 30% hole ratio by analyzing the hole size and the area ratio. The proposed structure shows about 20 times higher on‐current than a planar transistor with a same active area. Compared to a VTFT using simple graphene working function modulation, the proposed structure has an on‐state current that is ten times higher and off‐state current that is reduced 50%, and therefore has an improved on–off ratio.
Self‐Activation Enables Cationic and Anionic Co‐Storage in Organic Frameworks
Authors: Cheng Zhangyuan , Le Jiabo , Wang Jun , Sun Wenlu , Zheng Lei , Cai Lifeng , Lu Derong , Shen Yanbin , Wu Jihuai , Fu Fang , Chen Hongwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe low capacity of current anion‐hosting electrodes makes it challenging to meet future energy requirements. Maintaining the high capacity of ions per unit volume and/or weight is always the ultimate goal for an optimal electrode design. Here, an organic framework is reported that can efficiently co‐store anions and cations in a single discharge/charge process, accompanied with a special cation‐assisted electrode activation process. The inserted cations not only facilitate anion diffusion kinetics, but also make a considerable contribution to the total capacity of the electrodes. This anion–cation co‐storage cathode thus can deliver a high capacity of 530 mAh g−1 at 3.4–1.0 V and a high energy density of 901 Wh kg−1 after 800 cycles (at 0.15 A g−1). The understanding of the self‐activation process is expected to inspire electrode design that utilizes anionic–cationic hybrid electrode chemistries beyond current Li‐ion batteries.
Strain Engineering in Electrocatalysts: Fundamentals, Progress, and Perspectives
Authors: Yang Xiaobo , Wang Yingyong , Tong Xili , Yang Nianjun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStrain engineering of nanomaterials, namely, designing, tuning, or controlling surface strains of nanomaterials is an effective strategy to achieve outstanding performance in different nanomaterials for their various applications. This article summarizes recent progress and achievements in the development of strain‐rich electrocatalysts (SREs) and their applications in the field of electrochemical energy conversion technologies. It starts from the definition of lattice strains, followed by the classification of lattice strains where the mechanisms of strain formation and the reported methods to regulate related strains are elaborated. The SRE characterization techniques are overviewed, focusing deeply on the clarification of the strain‐property relationship of these SREs. Their applications for different electrocatalytic reactions are further highlighted, including the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, alcohol oxidation reaction, electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction, and nitrogen reduction reaction. Related reaction mechanisms of the SREs are interpreted after taking catalytic performance, as well as the relationship between the SRE properties and their strains into account. The challenges and future opportunities to regulate SREs are finally outlined and discussed together with their potential applications in different fields.