bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roberto Bolaño
Authors: Lawrence Jeffrey 
Published: February 2021

Roberto Bolaño (b. 1953–d. 2003) is widely considered to be the most important Latin American novelist of the turn of the 21st century. Bolaño’s reputation rests primarily on the fictional works he produced during a period of extraordinary creative activity from 1996 to his death in 2003: the novels La literatura nazi en América (1996), Estrella distante (1996), Los detectives salvajes (1998), Nocturno de Chile (2001), and the posthumously published 2666 (2004) as well as the short story collections Llamadas telefónicas (1997) Putas asesinas (2001), and El gaucho insufrible (2003). However, his oeuvre also encompasses a diverse corpus of poetry, fiction, and literary criticism written between the 1970s and the early 2000s, a substantial portion of which appeared in print for the first time after his death. Born in Santiago, Chile, and raised in southern Chile, Bolaño moved to Mexico City with his family in 1968, the year of the infamous Tlatelolco student massacre. In 1973, he went to Chile to “support” Salvador Allende’s socialist government (as he later put it). After briefly being detained in the aftermath of the Pinochet coup of 11 September 1973, he left the country and returned to Mexico City. Shortly after, he co-founded the avant-garde poetry movement infrarrealismo with close friend Mario Santiago Papasquiaro. In 1976, he traveled to Europe and eventually relocated to Spain, living in Barcelona and Gerona before settling in the small Spanish coastal city of Blanes. Bolaño’s fiction of the 1990s and early 2000s obsessively reconstructs this itinerary—often through the guise of his alter ego Arturo Belano—as a means of exploring the effects of the Latin American dictatorships on an entire generation of writers, political activists, and ordinary citizens. Critics have thus tended to classify Bolaño both as a major practitioner of Latin American post-dictatorial fiction and as a prominent figure within the contemporary Spanish-language tradition of autofiction. The critical discussion on his final work, 2666, on the other hand, has revolved around his turn to a “depersonalized” style of narration and a new scene of violence in Latin America: the ongoing murder and disappearance of women in the US-Mexican border city of Santa Teresa (a fictional version of the real-life Mexican city of Ciudad Juárez). His novels, short stories, and essays have been translated into multiple languages. Bolaño’s posthumous canonization in the United States has led to a voluminous body of English-language criticism of his work.
Lysobacter penaei sp. nov., isolated from intestinal content of a Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)
Authors: Xu Shuaishuai , Li Anzhang , Zhang Ming-Xia , Yao Qing , Zhu Honghui 
Published: February 2021

The polyphasic taxonomic approach was used to characterize a novel bacteria strain, designated SG-8T, which was isolated from intestinal content of a Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-gliding rods. Growth occurred at 10–45 °C (optimum, 20–30 °C), pH 5.0–10.0 (optimum, 6.0–7.0) and in 0–6.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0–4.0 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SG-8T showed the highest sequence similarity to

Lysobacter maris

KMU-14T (98.6 %). On phylogenetic trees, strain SG-8T formed a stable cluster with

Lysobacter maris

KMU-14T,

Lysobacter alkalisoli

SJ-36T,

Lysobacter spongiae

119BY6-57T and

Lysobacter aestuarii

S2-CT. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain SG-8T and the four reference type strains listed above were 83.3, 82.3, 83.5, 83.3% and 22.8, 22.7, 22.7, 22.9 %, respectively. The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1
ω9c and/or 10-methyl C16 : 0), iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω6c and/or C16 : 1
ω7c), iso-C17 : 0, iso-C11 : 0 3OH and iso-C11 : 0. Ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) was the only respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content was 68.8 mol%. Based on the results of genomic, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain SG-8T represents a novel species of the genus

Lysobacter

, for which the name Lysobacter penaei sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SG-8T (=GDMCC 1.1817T=KACC 21942T).
Subtle oromotor signs in early Parkinson’s disease before clinical manifestations of dysphagia
Authors: Gudwani Sunita , Upadhyay Prabhakar , Sharma Kamlesh , Sagar Rajesh , Kumaran S. Senthil , Dhamija R.K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundSwallowing is complex phenomena comprising oral (preparatory and pre-swallow positioning), oropharyngeal, pharyngeal and esophageal phases. The timing of these phases is controlled by brain stem pattern generators including reflex for oropharyngeal propulsion and transit. Dysphagia in Parkinson’s disease (PD) commonly observed at late stages with aspiration, pneumonia and hospitalization.ObjectiveCan subtle oromotor signs (if any) be observed for planning early interventions in PDMethodsThe present study investigated oromotor function in fourteen early PD (onset ≤2years; H&Y score ≤2.5) with dynamic MRI using saline (water) bolus and compared with seven age-matched healthy controls.ResultsAll the patients with PD were non-symptomatic for dysphagia by self-reporting, and on clinical assessment (Part-II MDS-UPDRS, Swallowing disturbance questionnaire, SDQ and Clinical assessment of dysphagia in neurodegeneration, CADN). Qualitatively MR images visualized, differences in PD compared to healthy controls for tongue-wave, velar-closure or release, bolus placement, oropharyngeal reflex-initiation, transit-time, epiglottic-closure-coordination and post-swallow oral or pharyngeal residue. Descriptive analysis showed higher variability of velar-closure, oropharyngeal- and pharygoesophageal-transit time in patient with PD. Group analysis (two-sample) show significant difference for velar-closure.ConclusionMultiple lingual-waves, reverse-tongue thrust, with delayed velar control attributed to incoordinated muscular rhythm. Variable oropharyngeal transit time (0.64 to 2.25 msec) in PD ascribed to brainstem degenerative changes. Findings imply that subtle observable early oromotor signs as pre-clinical manifestation when evaluated with non-invasive, non-contrast dynamic MRI support early intervention, to prevent late-stage aspiration episodes and consequent hospitalizations.
Impact of early life nutrition on gut health in children: A prospective clinical study
Authors: Ley Delphine , Beghin Laurent , Morcel Jules , Flamein Florence , Garabedian Charles , Accart Bertrand , Drumez Elodie , Labreuche Julien , Gottrand Frédéric , Hermann Emmanuel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe first 1000 days of life could contribute to individual susceptibility to the later development of chronic non-communicable diseases. Nutrition in early life appears to be an important determinant factor for a sustainable child’s health. In this study, we propose to investigate the impact of exclusive breastfeeding on gut health in children.Methods and analysisA prospective cohort of newborns (n=350) will be recruited at birth and followed up to 4 years of age. The main objective is to evaluate the link between exclusive breastfeeding for at least 3 months and the gut health of the child at 4 years. The primary endpoint of assessment of gut health will be based on the non-invasive measurement of fecal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) as a sensitive biomarker of the intestinal ecosystem. The presence of gastrointestinal disorders will be defined according to the clinical criteria of ROME IV. Information on parent’s nutritional habits and life style, breastfeeding duration and child’s complementary feeding will be collected along the follow-up. Cord blood cells and plasma at birth will be purified for further analysis. The meconium and stools collected at birth, 6 months, 2 years and 4 years of age will allow sIgA analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis clinical study has obtained the approval from the national ethical committee. We plan to publish the results of the study in peer-review journals and by means of national and international conference.Trial registration numberNCT04195425Strengths and limitations of the study-This is a prospective and longitudinal mother/child cohort with minimal constraints (3 visits over 4 years) and minimal risk (no intervention and minimally invasive procedures).-The study will collect a great deal of longitudinal information on children during the first years of life, their parents and their environment via questionnaires and biological samples (cord blood, meconium, stools).-This study will obtain precise data on breastfeeding practices and their short- and medium-term effects on the health of the child, in particular and in an innovative way on gut health through stool samples for immunological analysis, and by using the ROME IV paediatric questionnaire.-Weaknesses could be relied to confounding factors at the selection process and during the follow-up.-Due to the non-interventional study design we will be able to study association but no causal relationship.-The nutritional survey during the study is primarily based on reports from parents and is retrospective which could contribute to inaccuracies due to long delay between each visit.
In search for the SARS-CoV-2 protection correlate: A head-to-head comparison of two quantitative S1 assays in a group of pre-characterized oligo-/asymptomatic patients
Authors: Rubio-Acero Raquel , Castelletti Noemi , Fingerle Volker , Olbrich Laura , Bakuli Abhishek , Wölfel Roman , Girl Philipp , Müller Katharina , Jochum Simon , Strobl Matthias , Hoelscher Michael , Wieser Andreas 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundQuantitative serological assays detecting response to SARS-CoV-2 infection are urgently needed to quantify immunity. This study analyzed the performance and correlation of two independent quantitative anti-S1 assays in oligo-/asymptomatic individuals from a previously characterized population-based cohort.MethodsA total of 362 samples included 108 from individuals who had viral RNA detected in pharyngeal swabs, 111 negative controls and 143 samples with positive serology but not confirmed by RT-PCR. Blood plasma was tested with quantitative assays Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2 QuantiVac ELISA (IgG) (EI-S1-IgG-quant) and Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 CoV-2 S (Ro-RBD-Ig-quant), which were compared with each other and with confirmatory tests, including wild-type virus micro-neutralization (NT) and GenScript®cPass™. Results were analyzed using square roots R of coefficients of determination for association among continuous variables and non-parametric tests for paired comparisons.ResultsQuantitative anti-S1 serology correlated well with each other (96%/97% for true-positives and true-negatives, respectively). Antibody titers decreased over time (from <30 days to >240 days after initial positive RT-PCR). Agreement with GenScript-cPass was 96%/99% for true-positives and true-negatives, respectively, for Ro-RBD-Ig-quant and 93%/97% for EI-S1-IgG-quant. Ro-RBD-Ig-quant allowed a distinct separation between positive and negative values, and less non-specific reactivity compared with EI-S1-IgG-quant. Raw values (with 95% CI) ≥28.7 U/mL (22.6–36.4) for Ro-RBD-Ig-quant and ≥49.8 U/mL (43.4–57.1) for EI-S1-IgG-quant predicted virus neutralization >1:5 in 95% of cases.ConclusionsBoth quantitative anti-S1 assays, Ro-RBD-Ig-quant and EI-S1-IgG-quant, may replace direct neutralization assays in quantitative measurement of immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 in certain circumstances in the future.Key pointsTwo quantitative anti-S1 assays showed similar performance and a high level of agreement with direct virus neutralization and surrogate neutralization tests, arguing for their utility in quantifying immune protection against SARS-CoV-2.
Thalamic organization in essential tremor patients with neuropathy: implication for functional neurosurgery
Authors: Sammartino Francesco , Narayan Vinayak , Changizi Barbara , Merola Aristide , Krishna Vibhor 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMechanisms underlying the suboptimal effect of ventral intermediate nucleus deep brain stimulation in patients with essential tremor and co-morbid peripheral neuropathy remain unclear.ObjectivesWe compared disease-related (location and extension of the ventral intermediate nucleus) and surgery-related (targeting, intraoperative testing) factors in essential tremor patients with and without peripheral polyneuropathy treated with deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus, testing whether the overlap between volume of tissue activated and ventral intermediate nucleus (target coverage) was associated with clinical outcomes.MethodsPreoperative diffusion magnetic resonance imaging was used for thalamic segmentation, based on preferential cortical connectivity. The target coverage was estimated using a finite element model. Tremor severity was scored at rest, posture, action, and handwriting at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Tremor improvement <50% at 12 months was deemed suboptimal. Vertex-wise shape analysis and edge analysis were performed to compare the ventral intermediate nucleus location and extension.Results9.7% (18/185) of essential tremor patients treated with deep brain stimulation had co-morbid polyneuropathy. These patients showed a more medial (p=0.03) and anterior (p=0.04) location of the ventral intermediate nucleus, lower target coverage (p=0.049), and worse clinical outcomes (p=0.006) compared to those without polyneuropathy. No differences were observed in the volume of tissue activated between the two groups. Optimal clinical outcomes were associated with greater target coverage (optimal coverage >48%).ConclusionsIn essential tremor, co-morbid polyneuropathy may result in suboptimal deep brain stimulation outcomes and lower target coverage, likely related to a reorganization of the ventral thalamic nuclei.
Increased complement activation is a distinctive feature of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Ma Lina , Sahu Sanjaya K. , Cano Marlene , Kuppuswamy Vasanthan , Bajwa Jamal , McPhatter Ja’Nia , Pine Alexander , Meizlish Matthew , Goshua George , Chang C-Hong , Zhang Hanming , Price Christina , Bahel Parveen , Rinder Henry , Lei Tingting , Day Aaron , Reynolds Daniel , Wu Xiaobo , Schriefer Rebecca , Rauseo Adriana M. , Goss Charles W. , O’Halloran Jane A. , Presti Rachel M. , Kim Alfred H. , Gelman Andrew E. , Cruz Charles Dela , Lee Alfred I. , Mudd Phillip , Chun Hyung J. , Atkinson John P. , Kulkarni Hrishikesh S. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTComplement activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it remains to be determined whether increased complement activation is a broad indicator of critical illness (and thus, no different in COVID-19). It is also unclear which pathways are contributing to complement activation in COVID-19, and, if complement activation is associated with certain features of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as endothelial injury and hypercoagulability. To address these questions, we investigated complement activation in the plasma from patients with COVID-19 prospectively enrolled at two tertiary care centers. We compared our patients to two non-COVID cohorts: (a) patients hospitalized with influenza, and (b) patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with acute respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). We demonstrate that circulating markers of complement activation (i.e., sC5b-9) are elevated in patients with COVID-19 compared to those with influenza and to patients with non-COVID-19 respiratory failure. Further, the results facilitate distinguishing those who are at higher risk of worse outcomes such as requiring ICU admission, or IMV. Moreover, the results indicate enhanced activation of the alternative complement pathway is most prevalent in patients with severe COVID-19 and is associated with markers of endothelial injury (i.e., Ang2) as well as hypercoagulability (i.e., thrombomodulin and von Willebrand factor). Our findings identify complement activation to be a distinctive feature of COVID-19, and provide specific targets that may be utilized for risk prognostication, drug discovery and personalized clinical trials.SUMMMARYComplement has been implicated in COVID-19. However, whether this is distinctive of COVID-19 remains unanswered. Ma et al report increased complement activation in COVID-19 compared to influenza and non-COVID respiratory failure, and demonstrate alternative pathway activation as a key marker of multiorgan failure and death.
Identification of age and ethnicity specific gene expression biomarkers for immune aging
Authors: Hu Yang , Xu Yudai , Mao Lipeng , Lei Wen , Xiang Jian , Zhu Guodong , Hu Yutian , Niu Haitao , Gao Feng , Gao Lijuan , Huang Li’an , Luo Oscar Junhong , Chen Guobing 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTHuman immune system functions over an entire lifetime, yet how and why the immune system becomes less effective with age are not well understood. Here, we characterize peripheral blood mononuclear cells transcriptome from 172 healthy adults with 21~90 years of age using RNA-seq and the weighted gene correlation network analyses (WGCNA). These data reveal a set of insightful gene expression modules and representative gene biomarkers for human immune system aging from Asian and Caucasian ancestry, respectively. Among them, the aging-specific modules show an age-related gene expression variation spike around early-seventies. In addition, it is not known whether Asian and Caucasian immune systems go through similar gene expression changes throughout their lifespan, and to what extent these aging-associated changes are shared among ethnicities. We find the top hub genes including NUDT7, CLPB, OXNAD1 and MLLT3 are shared between Asian and Caucasian aging related modules and further validated in human PBMCs from different age groups. Overall, the impact of age and race ontranscriptional variationelucidated from this study provide insights into the transcriptional driver of immune aging.
SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 Spike variants bind human ACE2 with increased affinity
Authors: Ramanathan Muthukumar , Ferguson Ian D. , Miao Weili , Khavari Paul A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV2 being highly infectious has been particularly effective in causing widespread infection globally and more variants of SARS-CoV2 are constantly being reported with increased genomic surveillance. In particular, the focus is on mutations of Spike protein, which binds human ACE2 protein enabling SARS-CoV2 entry and infection. Here we present a rapid experimental method leveraging the speed and flexibility of Mircoscale Thermopheresis (MST) to characterize the interaction between Spike Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and human ACE2 protein. The B.1.351 variant harboring three mutations, (E484K, N501Y, and K417N) binds the ACE2 at nearly five-fold greater affinity than the original SARS-COV-2 RBD. We also find that the B.1.1.7 variant, binds two-fold more tightly to ACE2 than the SARS-COV-2 RBD.
The effect of on-the-job shocks on employees’ intention to stay: an investigation of organizational embeddedness
Authors: Yang Chunjiang , Chen Yashuo , Chen Aobo 
Published: February 2021

PurposeUsing the theoretical lens of sensemaking, this paper aims to investigate the relationship between on-the-job shocks, as experienced by the employees and intention to stay (IS) by shedding light on the mediating role of organizational embeddedness (OE) and the moderating role of commitment human resource practices (CHRP).Design/methodology/approachThe study used a time-lagged research design, collecting data from 304 employees from 48 teams in China to conduct multilevel structural equation modeling to test hypotheses.FindingsThis study found that employees who suffer on-the-job shocks tend to decrease their IS in organizations via OE. However, CHRP did not bound the main effect of on-the-job shocks on OE.Practical implicationsGiven the increasingly dynamic business environment, employees constantly encounter shocks in the workplace. Organizations or leaders should be aware of the on-the-job shocks in harming employee retention.Originality/valueThe research highlights workplace events’ significance in investigating employees’ retention and specifically offers glimpses into the mechanisms by which on-the-job shocks manifest themselves in employees’ IS.
Sasta Bhojan Sewa: the pricing dilemma
Authors: Kaur Harsimar , Narayanamurthy Gopalakrishnan 
Published: February 2021

Learning outcomes
After studying this case, students should be able to: understand the process of opportunity identification for forming social enterprises (knowledge), discuss various concepts related to social entrepreneurship and not-for-profit firms (comprehension), apply tools to differentiate between social and commercial enterprises (application), analyze the role of environmental factors like culture in influencing business (analysis) and develop decision-making skills by critically evaluating the options (evaluation).

Case overview/synopsis
Sasta Bhojan Sewa (SBS) was one of the key projects of Parupkar Sewa Society. The social venture initiated by Jaswinder Singh, a young resident of Ambala (a small town in Haryana, India), got registered as a not-for-profit society in the year 2018. Mr. Singh initiated various social welfare projects since the year 2006 when he got inspired from the history of Sikh Gurus. As years passed, he was able to employ more and more people. This led to the development of a social venture, which had 33 employees at the end of the year 2019. The society was running seven major projects with the help of dasvandh (donations). Project SBS was about providing home-like hygienic meals to people at merely INR10. There were 11 canteens in Ambala city and cantonment, which were being run under that project. Around 1,500 people were eating daily in those canteens, out of which around 70–80 people were not able to pay even INR10. The project had employed 30 people. The salaries of the staff and other operating expenses like liquid petroleum gas (LPG) expense, transportation cost and electricity were met through dasvandh (donations) from the local households. When the project was initiated, the cost of preparing a meal was INR10, but by the end of 2019, the cost went up to INR12 per meal due to food inflation. The meal was still being sold at INR10 at a loss of INR2 per meal. On December 28, 2019, as founder of the society, Mr. Singh was thinking of raising the selling price to INR12 per meal, which had to be implemented on January 01, 2020 but he was doubtful in doing so. He thought increasing the price might defeat the purpose of starting SBS as he was reflecting on how poor people were and how each rupee mattered to them. He was also considering that it might affect the goodwill of the society that was known for selling food at an extremely low price. By using the example of SBS, we explain various concepts of not-for-profit social enterprises like opportunity identification, key drivers, business model canvas and environmental effects in this teaching note. The teaching note also provides cost–benefit analysis of the available options to facilitate effective decision-making.

Complexity academic level
Undergraduate and graduate-level business programs.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.