bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nexus between Poverty and Child Labor: A Case Study in Narayanganj Area of Bangladesh Using Binary Logistic Regression
Authors: Akter Shamima , Akram Wasim 
Published: March 2021

<p>The purpose of the study is to see how poverty influences child labor. To carry out the study, moderate poor people have been considered as respondents. Kalibazar and Langalband regions of Narayanganj district have been selected. Random sampling technique and Focused Group Discussion with children have been taken to conduct the study. Data has been collected from 50 Household Heads and 50 Children (male and female). For economic analysis, the Binary Logistic Regression model has been undertaken to see the relationship between poverty and child labor. The analysis shows that the odds ratio indicates that drop-out children from school are 11.34 times more likely to go for taking the occupation of child labor due to poverty (major cause) than those children who have been dropped out due to other reasons (reference category). The study also shows that the families having no loan are 0.444 times less likely to go for child labor due to major causes (poverty) than that of the families having a loan. Moreover, the odds ratio corresponding to the children who use their income to help their families is 3.26. It means that the children who use their income for family purposes go 3.26 times more likely to take the occupation of child labor due to a major cause (poverty) than those children who do not use their income for family purposes. At the same time, the children who use their income for treatment purposes go 1.45 times more likely to take the occupation of child labor due to poverty (a major cause) than those children who do not use their income for treatment purposes.</p>
INCÊNDIOS FLORESTAIS EM ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS:
Authors: Lacerda almeida Valeria 
Published: March 2021

A ocorrência de incêndios florestais é atualmente um dos fatores responsáveis por possíveis alterações ecológicas dos ecossistemas. O presente artigo teve como objetivo de estudo avaliar a efetividade das ações de prevenção e combate a incêndios florestais no PESAM e APA Araguaia, a partir da infra-estrutura, recursos humanos e financeiros disponíveis, bem como a capacidade de articulação da gestão das UCs no envolvimento de diferentes atores para os anos de 2016 e 2017. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de pesquisa exploratória e descritiva culminando com déficit de pessoal de 550 pontos, sendo TA= 75; BC= 375; MO= 10; CO=10; AO= 80 e com déficit de equipamento de 1450 pontos, sendo 1320 para equipamentos de combate, 30 para transporte, 40 para comunicação, 60 para operações externas e 0 para outros. Nessa perspectiva, a gestão buscou como solução para as lacunas existentes a parceria de vários órgãos e ações como educação ambiental e campanhas de mobilização das comunidades da APA Araguaia.
Palavras chave: Conservação de ecossistemas. Incêndios florestais. Planejamento.
Dynamic Material Balance Method for Estimating Gas in Place of Abnormally High-Pressure Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Lixia , He Yingxu , Guo Chunqiu , Yu Yang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Determination of gas in place (GIP) is among the hotspot issues in the field of oil/gas reservoir engineering. The conventional material balance method and other relevant approaches have found widespread application in estimating GIP of a gas reservoir or well-controlled gas reserves, but they are normally not cost-effective. To calculate GIP of abnormally pressured gas reservoirs economically and accurately, this paper deduces an iteration method for GIP estimation from production data, taking into consideration the pore shrinkage of reservoir rock and the volume expansion of irreducible water, and presents a strategy for selecting an initial iteration value of GIP. The approach, termed DMBM-APGR (dynamic material balance method for abnormally pressured gas reservoirs) here, is based on two equations: dynamic material balance equation and static material balance equation for overpressured gas reservoirs. The former delineates the relationship between the quasipressure at bottomhole pressure and the one at average reservoir pressure, and the latter reflects the relationship between average reservoir pressure and cumulative gas production, both of which are rigidly demonstrated in the paper using the basic theory of gas flow through porous media and material balance principle. The method proves effective with several numerical cases under various production schedules and a field case under a variable rate/variable pressure schedule, and the calculation error of GIP does not go beyond 5% provided that the production data are credible. DMBM-APGR goes for gas reservoirs with abnormally high pressure as well as those with normal pressure in virtue of its strict theoretical foundation, which not only considers the compressibilities of rock and bound water, but also reckons with the changes in production rate and variations of gas properties as functions of pressure. The method may serve as a valuable and reliable tool in determining gas reserves.
Exploring Intelligent Approach of Influence Minimization Considering the Node Surveillance in Online Social Networks
Authors: CHERIYAN JO , P Sajeev G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Attractive information such as innovations, awareness campaigns, branding, and advertising help people positively. Whereas, awful information such as rumors, malicious viruses, pornography, and revenge disturb people. The negative information contributes to chaos among people; therefore, it is to be blocked and hinder from further diffusion. This has motivated us towards the study of the problem named influence minimization. As the real world network can be modeled to a multilayer network, we focus our study towards the information diffusion through a multilayer network. Each node assigns a threshold, and its variation affects the rate of influence propagation across the network. In the influence minimization problem, the energy level of each node changes that help to formulate the function that minimizes the influence propagation. By applying two reduction policies, we are able to optimize our objective of minimizing the influence towards repulsive information. In this article, we consider the user response and its surveillance in the network. Repeated experiments on real networks has helped us to validate the proposed methods.
Emodin Prevented Depression in Chronic Unpredicted Mild Stress Exposured Rats by Targeting MiR139-5p/5-Lipoxygenase
Authors: Zhang Teng , Yang Can , Chu Jiang , Ning Linna , Zeng Peng , Wang Xiaoming , Shi Yan , Qin Baojian , Qu Na , Zhang Qi , Tian Qing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Using ingredients of medicinal plants is one of the goals of developing potential drugs for treating depression. Compelling evidences suggested anti-inflammation might block the occurrence of depression. Here, the effect of a natural compound, emodin, on the developing of psychosocial stress-induced depression and the underlying mechanism were studied.Methods: 7 weeks’ chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) were performed to replicate psychosocial stress in rats, and sucrose preference test, force swimming test and open field test were used to evaluate their behaviors. The differentially expressed proteins in hippocampus were analyzed by proteomics. Nissl staining and Golgi staining were used to detect the losses of neurons and synapses, immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the activation of microglia, and ELISA was used to detect the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Western blotting, immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR were also included.Results: Hippocampal inflammation with up-regulated 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) was observed in the depressed rats after CUMS exposure. And the up-regulation of 5-LO was proved to be caused by the decrease of miR139-5p. To observe the effect of emodin, we screened out depression susceptible (DeS) rats during CUMS and treated them with emodin (80mg/kg/day). 2 weeks later, emodin obviously prevented the depression behaviors of DeS rats and a series of pathological changes in their hippocampi, such as losses of neurons and spines, microglia activation, increased interleukin-1b and tumor necrosis factor-a, and the activation of 5-LO. Furtherly, we demonstrated that emodin inhibited its excess inflammatory responses possibly by targeting miR139-5p/5-LO and modulating the downstream glycogen synthase kinase 3β and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Conclusions: These results provided an important evidence that emodin may be a candidate agent for the treatment of depression and established a key role of miR139-5p/5-LO in the inflammation of depression.
Keeping Faith with Homoskedasticity or Going Back to Heteroskedasticity? The Case of Fatang Stocks
Authors: Curto José Dias 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Did the pattern of US stock markets volatility change due to the COVID-19 or have the US stock markets been less volatile despite the pandemic shock? And as for tech stocks, are they even less volatile than the overall market? In this paper we provide evidence in favour of a ``quietness'' in the stock markets, interrupted by the COVID-19, by analysing dispersion, skewness and kurtosis characteristics of the empirical distribution of nine returns series including individual FATANG stocks (FAANG: Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix and Google; plus Tesla) and US indices (S&P500, DJIA and NASDAQ). A new methodology based on semi-variance and semi-kurtosis is proposed. Structural breaks and conditional heteroskedasticity are also analyzed by considering the traditional symmetrical and asymmetrical GARCH models. We show that in the most recent past, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the FATANG tech stocks are characterized mostly by conditional homoskedasticity while the returns of US stock indices are mainly conditional heteroskedastic.
SOURCE: A Semi-automatic Tool for Spring Monitoring Data Analysis and Aquifer Characterization
Authors: Russo Stefano Lo , Suozzi Enrico , Gizzi Martina , Taddia Glenda 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It has become increasingly necessary to optimise mountain groundwater resource management and comprehend resource recharging systems from a hydrogeological perspective in order to formulate adequate resource protection strategies. Analysing mountain spring behaviour and aquifer characteristics can be time consuming, so new automated techniques and software tools are needed to estimate hydrogeological parameters and understand exhaustion dynamics of groundwater resources. This paper introduces SOURCE, a new semi-automatic tool that automates the hydrogeological characterisation of water springs and provides proper estimations of the vulnerability index, as well as autocorrelation and cross-correlation statistical coefficients. SOURCE rapidly processed input data from the Mascognaz 1 spring (Aosta Valley) water probes and meteorological station to provide graphical outputs and values for the main hydrodynamic parameters. Having a single software package that contains all the main methods of water spring analysis could potentially reduce analysis times from a few days to a few hours.
Gene expression of Tasmanian devil facial tumors differs among host populations
Authors: Kozakiewicz Christopher P , Fraik Alexandra K , Patton Austin H , Ruiz-Aravena Manuel , Hamilton David G , Hamede Rodrigo , McCallum Hamish , Hohenlohe Paul A , Margres Mark J , Jones Menna E , Storfer Andrew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Transmissible cancers lie at the intersection of oncology and infectious disease, two traditionally divergent fields for which gene expression studies are particularly useful for identifying the molecular basis of phenotypic variation. In oncology, transcriptomics studies, which characterize the expression of thousands of genes, have identified processes leading to heterogeneity in cancer phenotypes and individual prognoses. More generally, transcriptomics studies of infectious diseases characterize interactions between host, pathogen, and environment to better predict population-level outcomes. Tasmanian devils have been impacted dramatically by a transmissible cancer (devil facial tumor disease; DFTD) that has led to widespread population declines. Despite initial predictions of extinction, populations have persisted at low levels, due in part to heterogeneity in host responses, particularly between sexes. However, the processes underlying this variation remain unknown.
Results

We sequenced transcriptomes from healthy and DFTD-infected devils, as well as DFTD tumors, to characterize host responses to DFTD infection, identify differing host-tumor molecular interactions between sexes, and investigate the extent to which tumor gene expression varies among host populations. We found minimal variation in gene expression of devil lip tissues, either with respect to DFTD infection status or sex. However, 4,088 genes were differentially expressed in tumors among our sampling localities. Pathways that were up- or downregulated in DFTD tumors relative to normal tissues exhibited the same patterns of expression with greater intensity in tumors from localities that experienced DFTD for longer. No RNA sequence variants were associated with expression variation.
Conclusions

Expression variation among localities may underly phenotypic variation in the tumor, potentially manifesting in morphological differences that alter ratios of normal-to-tumor cells within biopsies. Phenotypic variation in tumors may arise from environmental variation or differences in host immune response that were undetectable in lip biopsies, potentially reflecting variation in host-tumor coevolutionary relationships among sites that differ in the time since DFTD arrival.
Perspectives From Working Parents of Children With Recurrent Acute Otitis Media During The COVID-19 Era: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Badawi Alia , Santos Christine , Rochkind Keith , Clark James H. , Canares Therese L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAcute otitis media (AOM) in children is a common pediatric illness which can cause significant pain and discomfort. For families of children with recurrent AOM there are additional burdens to consider, including but not limited to lost workdays, direct costs for medical care and follow up treatments, and indirect costs like childcare and transportation. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, parents also have to contend with the added burden of balancing their child’s needs to seek medical care and the risk of exposure to COVID-19. The aim of this study was to characterize working parents’ experiences around their children’s ear infections during the COVID-19 era. MethodsThis was a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with working parents of children with recurrent ear infections. Using grounded theory methods, content analysis was applied to identify themes that described the parental experience of AOM during the COVID-19 pandemic. ResultsEleven parents were interviewed. Notable themes were: parents described a lack of confidence in their children's AOM diagnosis or treatment; frequent doctor's visits for quick middle ear checks were inconvenient and unsatisfactory, and this was exacerbated by both COVID-19 and pressures from work-life demands; and parents described a desire for more diagnostic information at home and remote capability for ear infection telehealth check-ups. DiscussionThis study identified working parents’ challenges and dissatisfaction with taking their child to a doctor and their desire for alternative screening methods for their child's ear infections at home, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinicians might address working parents’ needs with validation of their difficulties, while collaborating with parents on novel approaches to remote monitoring of ear health.
10 years of Tolvaptan in ADPKD: A single center evaluation
Authors: Schirutschke Holger , Gross Peter , Paliege Alexander , Hugo Christian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Tolvaptan is the only approved drug for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and causes significant polyuria with secondary polydipsia. Up to now, there is no study that examines tolvaptan adherence and satisfaction with information about tolvaptan in ADPKD patients on tolvaptan long-term therapy.
Methods

This non-interventional study includes 12 ADPKD patients that were formerly enrolled in the Tolvaptan Efficacy and Safety in Management of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Its Outcomes trial (TEMPO 3:4), in the subsequent extension trial (TEMPO 4:4) and have continued to use tolvaptan thereafter. Data were collected via questionnaires on patients’ self-reported adherence (MARS-D: Medication Adherence Report Scale - German version) and satisfaction with the information received about tolvaptan (SIMS-D: Satisfaction with Information about Medicines Scale - German version). In addition, serum creatinine levels and clinical data were collected.
Results

The duration of tolvaptan treatment amounted to 10.2 ± 0.3 years at a daily dosage of 90.0 ± 28.6 mg. The evaluation of MARS-D demonstrated strong adherence to tolvaptan (range of possible score: 5–25; median: 23.5; range of individual results: 5). The analysis of SIMS-D showed a high level of satisfaction with the information received about the action and usage of tolvaptan (SIMS-D AU subscore; range of possible score: 0–9; median: 9, range of individual results: 1), but also revealed clearly measureable dissatisfaction regarding the information received about potential problems of tolvaptan in 42 % of the patients (SIMS-D PP subscore; range of possible score: 0–8; median: 8, range of individual results: 6). During treatment with tolvaptan, the mean eGFR decreased from 78.8 ± 15.9 ml/min/1.73 m2 to 48.3 ± 19.4 ml/min/1.73 m2 (P < 0.0001).
Conclusions

Although patients reported strong adherence to tolvaptan, even after 10.2 years of treatment, there was still dissatisfaction with the information received about potential problems with tolvaptan. Therefore, our data suggest conduction of at least one standardized patient survey on satisfaction with the information received about potential problems with tolvaptan in order to improve patient education regarding the use of tolvaptan in slowing ADPKD.
Trial registration:

German Clinical Trials Register; drks.de identification number: DRKS00019856
Cancer cells are selectively eliminated through UPR driven apoptosis during treatment with Aquilegia nivalis extracts
Authors: Hilal Nazia , Qadri Ozaira , Nawchoo Irshad A , Akbar Seema , Fazili Khalid Majid 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAquilegia nivalis Flax Jackson, also called Aquilegia vulgaris sub sp. nivalis (Bak.) Brühl or columbine, locally known as “Zoe-neel”, is a wild edible plant traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory medicine by the local nomadic tribes inhabiting the Himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir. The plant has been used as herbal medicine since middle ages in treating ailments that include chronic rhinitis and various infectious diseases. The extracts from the plant possess antioxidant properties and have been reported to be hepatoprotective in rats. Our preliminary studies, however, pointed to hitherto unexplored anti-apoptotic potential of the plant which lead us to carry the in-depth study using breast cancer cell lines to validate its anti-cancerous properties and explore the affected pathways.MethodsMTT assay was used to draw the dose response curve and evaluate the effect of increasing concentrations of the extract on cell lines to determine the appropriate dosage to be used for further experimentation. DNA fragmentation analysis was followed through gel electrophoresis and DAPI staining was pursued by phase contrast microscopy to study apoptosis. Quantitative PCR was used to study the expression of UPR signaling and RIDD markers at the level of mRNA. Western blot analysis was used in studying the expression of the various markers of the signaling pathways. The cell cycle analysis was carried out using flow cytometry.ResultsMTT assay revealed that the methanolic extract of the plant (ANME) was selectively cytotoxic to various cancer cell lines as revealed by lower IC50 values relative to normal cell lines. The results of cell cycle analysis were similar as ANME caused Sub G1 arrest of the cell cycle. DNA fragmentation analysis, DAPI staining and western blot analysis for PARP and caspases revealed that the extract selectively induced apoptosis in cancerous cell lines. UPR markers p-Ire1α and Xbp1 splicing were consistently alleviated in a dose dependent manner, the rate of phosphorylation of eIF2a and ATF4 also decreased with increasing concentration of ANME. The RT PCR results of the RIDD marker, Blos1S1 revealed a similar dose dependent association. The methanolic extract was especially chosen for it could be easily internalized by the cells and any resultant potential bioactive compounds could gain access to the cells because of their hydrophobic nature.ConclusionOur results suggest that ANME causes deactivation of UPR signaling pathway facilitating apoptosis selectively in cancerous cells, paving the way forward for a novel approach in cancer therapeutics.
Effect of Vıtamın B12 on Acetic Acıd Induced Colıtıs&nbsp;
Authors: Ozsoy Seyma , Ozsoy Zeki , Gevrek Fikret , Yeniova Abdullah Ozgur 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background/Aims:

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing, and remittent inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Nutritional deficiency may be instrumental and contributable in this disease, among which vitamin B12 deficiency has been identified in IBD. Since the relationship between vitamin B12 and IBD remains controversial, in this study, we have examined the effect of vitamin B12 supplementation on acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis in rats.
Methods

Total of 28 rats were randomized into four groups of seven animals per group; Group 1 (Control saline) was the control group, group 2 (AA colitis control) was the disease control group, group 3 (VitB12) was the vitamin B12 alone treatment group, group 4 (VitB12 treatment in AA colitis) was the AA-induced colitis VitB12 treatment group. Weight change was measured. Macroscopic and microscopic scores were measured in each group. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione reduced (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in each group.
Results

Macroscopic scores, as well as microscopic scores, were not different between the group. Also, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MPO, MDA, and SOD did not differ between AA control and VitB12 treated AA colitic group. However, the levels of IL-6 and GSH were significantly different in rats with AA-induced colitis after vitamin B12 injection.
Conclusion

Nutritional deficiencies might contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD, but in this study, the efficacy of vitamin B12 supplementation has controversial effects on the intestinal mucosa.