bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning from clinical data sets of a contemporary decision for orthodontic tooth extraction
Authors: Etemad Lily , Wu Tai‐Hsien , Heiner Parker , Liu Jie , Lee Sanghee , Chao Wei‐Lun , Zaytoun Mary Lanier , Guez Camille , Lin Feng‐Chang , Jackson Christina Bonebreak , Ko Ching‐Chang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the robustness of the published machine learning models in the prediction of extraction vs non‐extraction for a diverse US sample population seen by multiple providers.Setting and Sample PopulationDiverse group of 838 patients (208 extraction, 630 non‐extraction) were consecutively enrolled.Materials and MethodsTwo sets of input features (117 and 22) including clinical and cephalometric variables were identified based on previous studies. Random forest (RF) and multilayer perception (MLP) models were trained using these feature sets on the sample population and evaluated using measures including accuracy (ACC) and balanced accuracy (BA). A technique to identify incongruent data was used to explore underlying characteristics of the data set and split all samples into 2 groups (G1 and G2) for further model training.ResultsPerformance of the models (75%‐79% ACC and 72%‐76% BA) on the total sample population was lower than in previous research. Models were retrained and evaluated using G1 and G2 separately, and individual group MLP models yielded improved accuracy for G1 (96% ACC and 94% BA) and G2 (88% ACC and 85% BA). RF feature ranking showed differences between top features for G1 (maxillary crowding, mandibular crowding and L1‐NB) and G2 (age, mandibular crowding and lower lip to E‐plane).ConclusionsAn incongruent data pattern exists in a consecutively enrolled patient population. Future work with incongruent data segregation and advanced artificial intelligence algorithms is needed to improve the generalization ability to make it ready to support clinical decision‐making.
The RagA and RagB proteins of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Potempa Jan , Madej Mariusz , Scott David A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRagA and RagB proteins are major components of the outer membrane of the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and, while recently suggested to represent a novel peptide uptake system, their full function is still under investigation. Herein, we (a) discuss the evidence that the rag locus contributes to P. gingivalis virulence; (b) provide insight to Rag protein potential biological function in macromolecular transport and other aspects of bacterial physiology; (c) address the host response to Rag proteins which are immunodominant and immunomodulatory; and (d) review the potential of Rag‐focused therapeutic strategies for the control of periodontal diseases.
Association between marital status and cognitive function in Japan: results from the Toyama Dementia Survey
Authors: Nakahori Nobue , Sekine Michikazu , Yamada Masaaki , Tatsuse Takashi , Kido Hideki , Suzuki Michio 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThis study aims to clarify the association between marital status and dementia in Japan, adjusting for socioeconomic, lifestyle, and lifestyle‐related disease factors.MethodsData from the Japanese Toyama Dementia Survey were used. Individuals aged ≥65 years living in Toyama Prefecture were randomly selected, and 1171 participants were analysed, with a sampling rate of 0.5%. The participants' marital status, socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, and lifestyle‐related diseases were assessed. The odds ratio (OR) of marital status for each lifestyle factor and medical histories were calculated by logistic regression analysis. The OR of marital status for dementia was also calculated by logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of dementia was 7.4% for married, and 20.6% for non‐married participants. Non‐married participants showed a higher prevalence of a history of stroke than married participants. The age‐ and sex‐adjusted OR of marital status for dementia was 1.99 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–3.18) for non‐married compared with married participants. Following variable adjustments, the OR for dementia was higher for non‐married participants (adjusted OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.03–2.85).ConclusionsNon‐marital status was an independent risk factor for dementia in Japan even after adjusting for socioeconomic, lifestyle, and lifestyle‐related disease factors. Non‐married people were more likely to have dementia because of their history of stroke.
Awareness of sleepiness: Temporal dynamics of subjective and objective sleepiness
Authors: Manousakis Jessica E. , Mann Nikita , Jeppe Katherine J. , Anderson Clare 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe systematically examined the temporal relationships between subjective sleepiness and both physiological drowsiness and performance impairment in a controlled laboratory setting. Eighteen healthy young adults (8 women;MAGE = 21.44 ± 3.24 years) underwent 40 hr of extended wakefulness, completing a bihourly Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and 10‐min Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT). Microsleeps and slow eye movements (SEMs) were scored during the PVT. KSS scores increased 3 hr prior to performance impairment (p < .001) and 4–6 hr prior to physiological sleepiness (p < .001). There were strong within‐subject correlations between KSS and PVT lapses (r = 0.75,p < .001) and physiological drowsiness (r > 0.60,p < .001). Between‐subjects product‐moment correlations were more modest but showed a significant positive increase across time awake, suggesting that subjective sleepiness and objective outcomes were more tightly correlated after sleep loss. Cross‐correlations showed significant positive correlations at 0‐lag (p < .034); however, a high proportion of participants showed maximal correlations at positive lags, suggesting KSS was associated with future objective impairment. Within individuals, subjective sleepiness was highly correlated with objective impairment, between‐subject correlations were more modest, possibly due to interindividual vulnerability to sleep loss. These results suggest that subjective sleepiness represents an inbuilt early warning system for subsequent drowsiness and performance impairment.
Adiponectin’s roles in lipid and glucose metabolism modulation in fish: Mechanisms and perspectives
Authors: Ji Renlei , Xu Xiang , Turchini Giovanni M. , Mai Kangsen , Ai Qinghui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlucose and lipid metabolisms are central in determining the growth and the health status of cultured fish and thus are of pivotal interest for modern aquaculture. Adiponectin is a fat‐derived hormone that plays a vital role in glucose and lipid homeostasis. While abundant knowledge is available on adiponectin in mammals, less is known in fish, though it has been documented that adiponectin is certainly important in the modulation of teleosts’ lipid and glucose metabolism too. Adiponectin exerts its metabolic effects via two receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, which then, in a tissue‐dependent manner, initiate a series of signal transduction events, eventually resulting in increased glucose utilization and fatty acid β‐oxidation. In teleosts, adiponectin and its receptors genes were first identified in zebrafish in 2008, and since then, increasing numbers of adiponectin and its receptors have been cloned in a variety of cultured fish species. This review attempts to provide the first, thorough overview of the discovery and identification of adiponectin, its receptors and their expression, regulation and signal transduction in fish. Then, the potential effects and mechanisms of adiponectin on energy (lipid and glucose) homeostasis are described, before concluding on possible therapeutic approaches to enhance adiponectin actions. It is envisaged that the present work will contribute, first, to knowledge gain in the evolution of energy homeostasis in vertebrates, and then, to provide a much‐needed additional theoretical fundament for a healthier and further performance‐improved aquaculture.
Squared eigenfunction symmetry of the DmKP hierarchy and its constraint
Authors: Chen Kui , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Da‐jun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, squared eigenfunction symmetry of the differential‐difference modified Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (DmKP) hierarchy and its constraint are considered. Under the constraint, the Lax triplets of the DmKP hierarchy, together with their adjoint forms, give rise to the positive relativistic Toda (R‐Toda) hierarchy. An invertible transformation is given to connect the positive and negative R‐Toda hierarchies. The positive R‐Toda hierarchy is reduced to the differential‐difference Burgers hierarchy. We also consider another DmKP hierarchy and show that its squared eigenfunction symmetry constraint gives rise to the Volterra hierarchy. In addition, we revisit the Ragnisco–Tu hierarchy which is a squared eigenfunction symmetry constraint of the differential‐difference Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (DKP) system. It was thought the Ragnisco–Tu hierarchy did not exist one‐field reduction, but here we find a one‐field reduction to reduce the hierarchy to the Volterra hierarchy. Besides, the differential‐difference Burgers hierarchy is also investigated in the Appendix. A multidimensionally consistent three‐point discrete Burgers equation is given.
COVID‐19 and Motivated Reasoning: The Influence of Knowledge on COVID‐Related Policy and Health Behavior
Authors: Sylvester Steven M. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThe spread of misinformation about COVID‐19 severely influences the governments' ability to address the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study explores the predictors of accurate beliefs about COVID‐19 and its influence on COVID‐related policy and behavior.MethodsData from an original survey collected by Lucid in July 2020 are used. Ordinary Least Squares regression (OLS) is used to predict accurate beliefs about COVID‐19. Ordered logistic regression models are estimated to examine the relationship between COVID‐19 knowledge, policy preferences, and health behavior intentions.ResultsIdeology and education were found to have a positive effect on knowledge about COVID‐19. Moreover, low levels of knowledge about COVID‐19 were found to reduce support for mandatory vaccination policy and willingness to get a coronavirus vaccine when available.ConclusionThese findings will help policymakers develop communication strategies for the public on the coronavirus vaccination.
Rational Suspension
Authors: Zinke Alexandra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe article argues that there are different ways of justifying suspension of judgement. We suspend judgement not only privatively, that is, because we lack evidence, but also positively, that is, because there is evidence that provides reasons for suspending judgement: suspension is more than the rational fallback position in cases of insufficient evidence. The article applies the distinction to recent discussions about the role of suspension for inquiry, Turri's puzzle about withholding, and formal representations of suspension.
The frequency of feline AB blood types and the risk of incompatibility reactions in Bangkok, Thailand, and vicinities
Authors: Sangkaew Teerawee , Pengpis Siwaporn , Ritthikulprasert Sukullaya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMismatched blood transfusions and neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) are life‐threatening conditions in cats. The distribution of feline blood types, which varies geographically, can estimate the risks of mismatched transfusion reactions and NI due to random mating.ObjectivesThe objectives were to determine the frequency of feline AB blood types in Bangkok, Thailand, and surrounding vicinities and calculate the risks of transfusion reactions and NI in domestic shorthair (DSH) cats.MethodsA standard tube method was performed to analyze the A/B antigen on erythrocytes. Reverse typing was performed to confirm blood types B and AB.ResultsDomestic shorthair (n = 229) and purebred (n = 91) cats were prospectively recruited from 39 districts in Bangkok and 11 districts in four nearby provinces. Overall, 97.5% and 2.5% of the cats were type A and type B, respectively. No cats were type AB. All DSH cats were type A. Type B blood was found in 17.1% of Persian and 4% of Scottish Fold cats. Due to the blood type frequencies in DSH cats, the potential risk of major transfusion reactions, minor transfusion reactions, or NI was 0%.ConclusionsThis is a large study of feline blood types in Bangkok and vicinities. Type A blood was predominant in DSH cats and associated with a minimal risk for mismatched transfusion reactions and NI. Blood types A and B were found in Persian and Scottish Fold cats. Blood typing is mandatory for blood transfusion procedures and breeding purposes in cat populations.
Preventive use of a topical anti‐inflammatory glucocorticoid in atopic dogs without clinical sign of otitis does not affect ear canal microbiota and mycobiota
Authors: Léonard Caroline , Taminiau Bernard , Ngo Jérome , Fantini Oscar , Daube Georges , Fontaine Jacques 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundOtitis externa is associated with a lack of bacterial/fungal diversity in atopic dermatitis. Clinical experience has shown that use of topical corticosteroids in the ear canal (EC) can prevent otitis. No data are available on the impact of this treatment on the EC microbiota.Hypothesis/objectivesTo observe the bacterial/fungal diversity in the EC and the clinical effect of topical corticosteroids administered over a four week period in atopic dogs without active otitis.AnimalsTen atopic dogs without active otitis.Methods and materialsMometasone was applied in the right EC, while the left was used as control. A clinical and cytological evaluation of the EC was performed. Swabs of each EC were analysed using next‐generation sequencing methods.ResultsAt the beginning of the trial, variations in microbiota and mycobiota were observed between dogs and also within individuals. Statistically, no significant difference was observed in alpha and beta diversity between the treated and the untreated group over time. Clinically, right and left EC diversities were no different at Day (D)28 (P = 0.28). A significant difference was noted between D0 and D28 for the treated ears (P = 0.012) and not for the untreated ears (P = 0.63). No cytological evidence of microbes was found for treated ECs at D28.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThese data suggest that the use of topical corticosteroids as proactive treatment is unlikely to increase the risk of secondary microbial overgrowth. The positive clinical effect of this proactive treatment seems to be supported through cytological and otoscopic improvement.
Core Evidence‐Based Practice Competencies and Learning Outcomes for European Nurses: Consensus Statements
Authors: Dolezel Jakub , Zelenikova Renata , Finotto Stefano , Mecugni Daniela , Patelarou Athina , Panczyk Mariusz , Ruzafa‐Martínez Maria , Ramos‐Morcillo Antonio Jesús , Skela‐Savič Brigita , Gotlib Joanna , Patelarou Evridiki , Smodiš Marta , Jarosova Darja 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundConsensus on evidence‐based practice (EBP) competencies and associated learning outcomes for registered nurses has not yet been achieved in the European context.AimsTo establish a set of core EBP competencies for nurses and the most important EBP learning outcomes encompassing attitudes, knowledge, and skills dimensions for implementation into nursing education in European countries.MethodsA multi‐phase modified Delphi survey was conducted: Phase 1, a literature review; Phase 2, a two‐round consensus of experts; and Phase 3, a Delphi survey. Experts from six European countries participated.ResultsIn Phase 1, 88 records were selected and 835 statements extracted, which were grouped according to the seven steps of EBP. After removing 157 duplicates, the remaining competencies (n = 678) were evaluated in Phase 2. Then, a two‐round expert consensus was reached, with 24 competencies and 120 learning outcomes identified and divided into affective, cognitive, and skills domains. In Phase 3, based on a Delphi survey expert consensus, all evaluated statements were included in a final set of competencies and learning outcomes. Only two learning outcomes were recommended for allocation to a different domain, and four were reformulated as suggested, with no further changes to the others.Linking Evidence to ActionThe set of EBP competencies and learning outcomes can guide nurse educators, managers, and EBP stakeholders in the development of content that incorporates EBP knowledge, skills, and attitudes into educational programs. Prioritizing the EBP competencies and learning outcomes that are most necessary and adapting them to every context will provide healthcare organizations with guidelines for enhancing the continuing education of nurses. These results could facilitate the development of effective tools for assessing nursing students’ and nurses’ perception of competencies required for EBP processes.
Software Requirements Negotiation: A Review on Challenges
Authors: Abdullahi Shamsu , Ahmed Zayyad Musa , Yusuf Naziru , Bagiwa Lawal Idris , Nura Amina , Zakari Abubakar , Dansambo Babangida 
Published: May 2021

Requirements negotiation involves discussion on the requirements conflict to have some compromise that will satisfy the participating stakeholders of a software project. The output of a requirement negotiation is a set of satisfied requirements of two or more parties. In this paper, we present a systematic review of requirements negotiation challenges. The study adopted 34 papers from the final study selection process which were analyzed based on the requirements negotiation challenges they addressed. The identified challenges are decision-making, communication, performance, managing requirement changes, and conflict resolution. The output of the study indicates that decision-making is addressed by 33% of the studies reviewed, followed by the performance with 22%, conflict resolution with 19%, while 16% focus on stakeholders’ communication, and managing requirements changes has 10%.
Design Principle for Public Transportation Infographic
Authors: Shahbazi Milad , Megat Mohd. Zainuddin Norziha , Yusoff Rasimah , Wong Hooi Ten Doris , Wan Hassan Wan Azlan 
Published: May 2021

Infographics is a visual representation of data. Today, people learn faster and remember things more efficiently and effectively through the use of text and visuals than using the conventional textual method alone. Infographics can be used in visualization to enhance data interpretation and knowledge discovery. Many businesses use infographic elements that are hard to digest and understand. Visualization can be insufficient or ineffective, thus messages can be transferred well or they can be wrongly transferred. Businesses with lack of graphical representation skills usually meet with this kind of challenge. Preliminary study has found that transportation companies may not follow any design principle to design infographics. This can cause data to be poorly defined with uninteresting graphics which eventually do not trigger target audiences’ interest or unable to engage them. Besides, this process can affect the businesses’ revenues and customers’ satisfaction. A qualitative method was applied in this study. A design principle for public transportation infographic was developed based on three main principles which were Gestalt theory, components of infographics and components of public transportation. Gestalt theory introduces the theory of similarity, figure-ground, proximity, common region, focal point, closure, and continuity. Components of infographic include visual element, content element, and knowledge. Components of public transportation are unit of carriage, transportation terminals, travel directions and durations, safety, accessibility, reliability, and fares. A qualitative methodology was applied to evaluate the proposed principles. Five experts in infographics and visualization were assigned to evaluate the reliability of both the questionnaire and the infographic design principles. Findings from the expert’s review show the content validity index 0.95 for questionnaire and 0.89 for the design principle Infographic. Therefore, the result is acceptable. It is hoped that the developed design principle in public transportation will give good impacts in developing and enhancing infographics.
Síndrome de Cri du Chat: consideraciones en odontología. Revisión sistemática
Authors: Viteri Rentería Aura Alejandra , Armas Vega Ana del Carmen , Carrera Robalino Álex Esteban , Paltas Miranda Adriana Patricia , Paltas Miranda Mayra Elizabeth 
Published: May 2021

Antecedentes: el síndrome de Cri du Chat (SCdC) es un desorden genético de baja prevalencia. Es importante que odontólogo clínico conozca sus características craneofaciales y estomatológicas, al igual que las consideraciones para un buen manejo de estos pacientes en la consulta. Objetivo: identificar los avances recientes en el diagnóstico y manejo de pacientes con SCdC. Métodos: en esta revisión sistemática se efectuaron búsquedas en las bases de PubMed, SciELO, LiLACS y TripDatabase. Los términos de búsqueda fueron “Cri du Chat” y “síndrome del maullido del gato y odontología”, entre 2003 y 2018. Se obtuvieron y analizaron 25 artículos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: se confirmó la baja frecuencia de aparición del síndrome. Se identificaron características craneofaciales y orales representativas asociadas a micrognatismo y retrognatismo que alteran la apariencia facial del paciente. Alteraciones como el apiñamiento dental, la maloclusión y la enfermedad periodontal asociada se podrán corregir y controlar con higiene bucodental y guía nutricional adecuadas al paciente y sus padres. Conclusiones: el SCdC es poco frecuente. Sus características patognomónicas se presentan en la niñez y la adolescencia, por lo que requieren mayor atención. La detección temprana permite plantear un tratamiento adecuado para mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
Síntomas musculoesqueléticos asociados a posturas ergonómicas inadecuadas de trabajo en odontólogos de la ciudad de León, Nicaragua
Authors: Quintana Salgado Luis Alberto , Midence Salazar Xiloé Angélica , López Narváez Lilliam , Aragón Benavides Aurora 
Published: May 2021

Antecedentes: Los trabajos realizados en posición estática, posturas ergonómicamente forzadas y movimientos repetitivos en los odontólogos son causa frecuente de síntomas de desórdenes musculoesqueléticos. Objetivo: Establecer la prevalencia de síntomas musculoesqueléticos asociados a posturas ergonómicamente inadecuadas de trabajo en odontólogos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal con una grupo de 97 odontólogos de la ciudad de León, Nicaragua, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario nórdico sobre síntomas musculoesqueléticos y otro sobre percepción de posturas inadecuadas. Resultados: El principal síntoma musculoesquelético fue el dolor con una prevalencia de 64,9 %. Los más afectados fueron odontólogos mayores de 40 años, con 20 años o más de ejercicio profesional. Las áreas corporales más afectadas fueron la mano/muñeca (35,8 %), el cuello (30,9 %), la espalda alta (30,9 %) y la espalda baja (26,8 %). Las posiciones corporales conocidas como “flexión de espalda” y “giro o rotación de cuello” fueron los factores de riesgo más importantes al ser estadísticamente significativos en cuanto al dolor de mano/muñeca (OR: 5; IC 95 % 1,2-19,3), cuello (OR: 5; IC 95 % 1,3-20,4 ), espalda alta (OR: 6; IC 95 % 1,6-23) y espalda baja (OR: 6; IC 1,3-26) (p<0,005). Conclusión: Este estudio aporta evidencia sobre el alto riesgo de los odontólogos de padecer síntomas musculoesqueléticos asociados a posturas ergonómicas inadecuadas de trabajo, que se asocian al tipo de procedimiento. De no controlarse, pueden generar problemas de salud posteriores más severos, así como incapacidad laboral, jubilación temprana y deterioro de la calidad de vida.