bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iodine-Mediated Sulfenylation of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with Ethyl Arylsulfinates
Authors: Tang Dong , Sun Jian , Mu Yangxiu , Iqbal Zafar , Hou Jing , Yang Minghua , Yang Zhixiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA simple iodine-mediated approach is reported for the synthesis of sulfenylated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines through the reaction of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with ethyl arylsulfinates under mild conditions. The reaction scope was investigated, and a plausible mechanism is proposed to elucidate the reaction process and activation mode. The results indicate that ethyl sulfinates are efficient sulfur sources for the construction of C–S bonds.
The Effect of Prescription Isodose Variation on Tumor Control and Toxicities in Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma: Propensity Score-Matched Case–Control Study
Authors: Teyateeti Achiraya , Graffeo Christopher S. , Perry Avital , Tryggestad Eric J. , Brown Paul D. , Pollock Bruce E. , Link Michael J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective Vestibular schwannoma (VS) treated with Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) was typically performed at 50% isodose line (IDL50); however, the impact of IDL variation on outcomes is poorly understood. This study aimed to compare tumor control (TC) and toxicities between treatment at 40% (IDL40) and 50% (IDL50).
Methods Sporadic/unilateral VS patients treated with SRS dose 12 to 14 Gy and prescription isodose volume ≤10cm3 were included. Propensity score matching was applied to IDL40 cohort to generate an IDL50 companion cohort, adjusting for age and prescription isodose volume. After exclusion of patients with follow-up <24 months, there were 30 and 28 patients in IDL40 and IDL50 cohorts, respectively.
Results Median follow-up time was 96 months (24–225 months). Actuarial and radiographic TC rates were 91.8% and clinical TC was 96.2% both at 5 and 10 years. TC was higher in IDL40 cohort but not significant (96.4 vs. 86.7%; p = 0.243). Hearing preservation (HP) rates were 71.9 and 39.2% at 5- and 10-year intervals, with significantly higher rates of HP noted in IDL40 cohort (83.3 vs. 57.1% at 5-year interval; 62.5 vs. 11.4% at 10-year interval; p = 0.017). Permanent facial neuropathy occurred in two patients, both from the IDL50 cohort (3.5%). Rates of post-SRS steroid treatment or shunt placement for hydrocephalus were slightly higher in IDL50 patients (6.9 vs. 17.9%; p = 0.208 and 3.3 vs. 7.1%; p = 0.532).
Conclusion For treatment of VS with SRS, dose prescription at IDL40 or IDL50 provides excellent long-term TC and toxicity profiles. IDL40 may be associated with improved long-term HP.
Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome-Induced Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis during Pregnancy
Authors: Coronado Arroyo Julia Cristina , Concepción Zavaleta Marcio José , García Villasante Eilhart Jorge , Kcomt Lam Mikaela , Concepción Urteaga Luis Alberto , Zavaleta Gutiérrez Francisca Elena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAcute pancreatitis is a rare condition in pregnancy, associated with a high mortality rate. Hypertriglyceridemia represents its second most common cause. We present the case of a 38-year-old woman in the 24th week of gestation with a history of hypertriglyceridemia and recurrent episodes of pancreatitis. She was admitted to our hospital with acute pancreatitis due to severe hypertriglyceridemia. She was stabilized and treated with fibrates. Despite her favorable clinical course, she developed a second episode of acute pancreatitis complicated by multi-organ dysfunction and pancreatic necrosis, requiring a necrosectomy. The pregnancy was ended by cesarean section, after which three plasmapheresis sessions were performed. She is currently asymptomatic with stable triglyceride levels. Acute pancreatitis due to hypertriglyceridemia represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in pregnant women, associated with serious maternal and fetal complications. When primary hypertriglyceridemia is suspected, such as familial chylomicronemia syndrome, the most important objective is preventing the onset of pancreatitis.
The Role and Controversies of Electroencephalogram in Focal versus Generalized Epilepsy
Authors: Jayaram Shoba , Alkhaldi Modhi , Shahid Asim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs early in 1935, Gibbs et al described electroencephalogram (EEG) features of large slow waves seen in “petit mal” seizures and change in background rhythm to a higher frequency, greater amplitude pattern in “grand mal” seizures. Studies have shown many typical EEG features in focal onset as well as generalized epilepsies.2
3 It is usually easy to delineate focal epilepsy cases when EEG onset of seizures is clear as seen in Benign focal epileptiform discharges of childhood.4 However, it is not uncommon to see cases where epileptiform discharges are not very clear. For example, there can be secondary bilateral synchrony or generalized onset of epileptiform discharges in some cases of focal epilepsy5 and nongeneralized EEG features is cases of generalized epilepsy like absence seizures.6
The awareness of occurrence of focal clinical and EEG features in generalized epilepsy is particularly important to help to select appropriate AEDs and also to avoid inappropriate consideration for epilepsy surgery.7 Lüders et al8 have shown that multiple factors like electroclinical seizure evolution, neuroimaging (both functional and anatomical) have to be analyzed in depth before defining an epileptic syndrome. Here, we are providing few examples of different situations where it is still mysterious to figure out focal onset seizures with secondary generalization versus primary generalized epilepsy.
Impact of ERCC2 Gene Polymorphisms on OSCC Susceptibility and Clinical Characteristics
Authors: Tejasvi ML Avinash , Maragathavalli Gopal , Kumar Putcha Uday , Ramakrishna M. , Raghavan Vijaya , CK Anulekha Avinash 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background DNA repair systems play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the human genome. Deficiency in the repair capacity due to either mutations or inherited polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may contribute to variations in the DNA repair capacity and subsequently susceptibility to cancer.
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the association between Excision repair cross-complementation groups 2 (ERCC2) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs rs1799793 and rs13181) and the response to platinum-based chemotherapy among patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
Methodology Polymerase chain reaction‐based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to determine the polymorphism from a total of 150 OSCC patients and 150 normal tissues of same patients were collected as controls for this study.
Results ERCC2 GA (Asp312Asn) AC (Lys751Gln) genotypes were significantly associated (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0004, respectively) with OSCC patients, when compared with the controls. These findings suggest that potentially functional SNPs in ERCC2 may contribute to OSCC risk. This study highlights the genetic variant that might play a role in mediating susceptibility to OSCC in this population. An understanding of DNA repair gene polymorphisms might not only enable risk assessment, but also response to therapy, which target the DNA repair pathway.
Clinical Outcomes and Experience of a Multiyear Consecutive Case Series of Total Knee Arthroplasty Procedures Conducted with a Bipolar Sealer System for Hemostasis
Authors: Sah Alexander P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMaximizing hemostasis during total knee replacement procedures remains a key challenge in current practice. Bipolar sealer technology achieves intraoperative hemostasis through tissue sealing and coagulation with adjustable radio frequency energy and a saline-irrigated tip. Optimal surgical site hemostasis is important to avoid potential complications such as hemarthrosis, wound drainage, increased pain, delayed discharge, and readmissions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the bipolar sealer device in primary knee replacement in the largest consecutive series to date. A consecutive, treatment-control series of subjects who underwent a primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) utilizing a bipolar sealer for hemostasis, one subgroup with concomitant tranexamic acid (TXA) administration (n = 1599) and one subgroup without TXA administration (n = 3582), compared with a control group of primary TKA under tourniquet only (n = 667). Statistical analyses were performed through two-tailed unpaired t-tests. There was less total postoperative drain output and a lower overall transfusion rate in the bipolar sealer group (807ml ± 428) (2.5%) than the tourniquet only group (1290 ± 658, p = 0.001) (8.4%, p = 0.0001), respectively. Drainage output in bipolar sealer + TXA (450 ± 297 ml) was lower than the other two groups (bipolar sealer 807 ± 428 mL, p = 0.0001; tourniquet only 1290 ± 658 ml, p = 0.0001). The bipolar sealer group had a higher hematocrit at postoperative day 1 (POD1) (bipolar sealer: 33.1 ± 4.3 cc, tourniquet only: 32.5 ± 4.3 cc, p = 0.001) and at discharge (POD2, bipolar sealer: 31.5 ± 3.7 cc, tourniquet only: 30.2 ± 3.9 cc, p = 0.0001). There were zero reported serious adverse events related to hemostasis management in any group. The bipolar sealer system is a safe and effective instrument to achieve intraoperative hemostasis during primary TKA. The bipolar sealer group required significantly fewer postoperative blood product transfusions and maintained a higher hematocrit concentration at the time of discharge compared with subjects treated solely with tourniquet mediated hemostasis. Addition of TXA to local hemostasis methods may further reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements.
Level of Evidence This is a Level III study.
The COVID-19 exams fiasco across the UK: four nations and two windows of opportunity
Authors: Kippin Sean , Cairney Paul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAll four UK and devolved governments performed a ‘U-turn’ on their COVID-19 school exams replacement policies. After cancelling exams, they sought teacher estimates on their grades, but supported an algorithm to standardise the results. When the results produced a public outcry over unfair consequences, they initially defended their decision but reverted quickly to teacher assessment. We explain these developments by comparing two ‘windows of opportunity’ overseen by four separate governments, in which the definition of the problem, feasibility of each solution, and motive of policymakers to select one over the other lurched dramatically within a week of the exams results. These experiences highlight the confluence of events and choices and the timing and order of choice. A policy solution that had been rejected during the first window, and would have been criticised heavily if chosen first, became a lifeline during the second. As such, while it is important to understand why the standardisation process went so wrong, we focus on why the policymaking process went so wrong.
The history teacher education process in Portugal: a mixed method study about professionalism development
Authors: Solé Glória , Gago Marília 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe historical and professional identity of prospective history teachers seems to be central to understanding how these future teachers think of their educational action in articulation with their view of what it means to be historically competent in line with the development of historical literacy and more sophisticated historical consciousness. Thus, in the context of the Master’s Degree in History Teaching in the 3rd Cycle of Basic Education and in Secondary Education offered by the University of Minho (Portugal), following an investigative approach characterised by a Mixed Method in a longitudinal framework, data were collected through an open-answer questionnaire followed by a closed-answer questionnaire. The open-answer questionnaire was proposed at the beginning of the training of prospective History teachers and at the end of the same training course. About twenty answers were obtained and, through their analysis, essentially two types of identities emerged: one more in line with management professionalism and another with the emerging democratic professionalism. Based on the qualitative data, which was analysed inductively, a closed-answer questionnaire was created, intended to understand, through quantitative analysis, the ideas of future Portuguese History teachers about the purposes of being a History teacher, what it means to think historically, what kind of History class they identify with, what should students learn in History classes and whether they should use the terms ‘we’ or ‘the Portuguese’ when presenting the proposals for studying the national historical reality. This questionnaire was applied to students from various Master’s Degree courses in History Teaching, in a purposeful sampling considering the location of Portuguese universities, namely the University of Minho, University of Porto, University of Coimbra, University of Lisbon, and NOVA University of Lisbon.
Ultrafast excited-state dynamics of SnSe2–SnSe composite thin film
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Sharma Prince , Rani Sanju , Kumar Mahesh , Singh V. N. 
Published: February 2021

We report the ultrafast carrier dynamics of an SnSe2–SnSe composite thin film (∼150 nm thick) deposited using thermal evaporation of in-house synthesized SnSe2 powder. Raman and UV–visible spectroscopy supports the optical properties (direct and indirect bandgaps of 1.86 eV and 0.96 eV, respectively). Ultrafast transient spectroscopy is used to study the charge excited state dynamics in the SnSe2–SnSe composite thin film in the femtosecond to nanosecond interval. An energy model has been proposed based on the ultrafast transient absorption and the thin film's steady-state absorption studies. This article provides comprehensive knowledge about the excited carriers and their relaxations in 0.9 ps–31.1 ns via different trap states.
Anti-fraud measures in Eastern Africa
Authors: Mykhalchenko Nataliya , Wiegratz Jörg 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARY
This briefing explores anti-fraud measures (AFMs) in Eastern Africa (Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Madagascar). The second of a three-part briefing series, it complements previous accounts of AFMs in southern Africa and confirms key AFM features that the authors previously identified concerning typical actors and their alliances, major sectors, fraud types and measures against fraud. The evidence suggests an expansion of anti-fraud agencies and initiatives, collecting and sharing more data within and across borders; of official governance of financial and product flows; and of efforts by AFM actors to enable the detection of genuine products, with related controversies among actors with divergent views and interests.
Radiative MHD bioconvective nanofluid flow due to gyrotactic microorganisms using Atangana–Baleanu Caputo fractional derivative
Authors: Arafa Anas A M , Rashed Z Z , Ahmed Sameh E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the Atangana–Baleanu Caputo (ABC) sense is applied on the unsteady MHD bioconvection nanofluid boundary layer flow due to gyrotactic microorganisms. The effects of joule heating, convective boundary conditions and thermal radiation, and were studied. Also, it is focused on the Buongiorno’s nanofluid model and two cases of the nanoparticles boundary conditions are assumed, namely, passive control and active control. The solution methodology is starting by an approximation of the time fractional derivatives using ABC and the finite differences method (FDM) of Crank-Nicolson type is applied for the first and second derivatives. The main outcomes revealed that using ABC definitions gives a good approximation of the time fractional derivatives comparing with classical Caputo approximation. Also, values of the velocity and temperature in case of the passive control are higher than those of the active control indicating more physical realistic in this case. Furthermore, there is an enhancement in values of the local Nusselt number up to 0.2% when order of the fractional derivatives is varied from 0.8 to 1. The work finds applications in heat transfer enhancement in bio-inspired nanoparticle-doped fuel cells.
Unusually diverse surface-wettability features found in the wings of butterflies across Lepidoptera order and evaluation of generic and vertical gibbosity-based models
Authors: Aideo Swati N , Mohanta Dambarudhar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present work reports on the model evaluation and validation of surface roughness-mediated wettability characteristics of three different butterflies belonging to the Lepidoptera order. They are, namely, White admiral (WA, Limenitis camilla), Large white (LW, Pieris brassicae), and Dark blue tiger (DBT, Tirumala septentrionis). The unique microstructural assembly of scales along with the built-in ridges and cross-ribs were believed to be largely responsible for displaying remarkable surface texture and consequently, dewetting features while static contact angle (CA) varying in the range 100°–124°. Models based on the scale dimensions, interscale separations along with regular triangular protuberances (vertical gibbosities) predict roughness factors within 1.1–1.7, while CA hysteresis tending to vary in the range 17.5°–45.7°. The DBT wing part exhibited the highest CA and minimal surface adhesion feature, as the droplet was seen to roll off the surface when the base was tilted with the horizontal plane, above 50°. Moreover, the WA wing surface wettability obeys closely the Cassie-Wenzel model, while the DBT wing part is in conformity with the Wenzel-Cassie and Vertical-Gibbsoity based models. The significance of the wettability features and coloration aspects of the natural systems is expected to deliberate scopes for generating and mimicking designs through artificial means with intended relevance in soft-matter, bionics, and interface engineering fields along with fundamental interest for evolutionary reasons.
Quantum correlation swapping between Werner and separable states
Authors: Xie Chuanmei , Zhang Zhanjun , Chen Jianlan , Yin Xiaofeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper we study quantum correlation (QC) swapping between two different kinds of quantum-correlated states. To be concrete, one is the famous Werner state while another is a kind of separable state. We employ measurement-induced disturbance (Luo 2008 Phys. Rev. A 77 02230) as the quantifier to characterize and quantify QC. We work out QCs in all the concerned states and concretely analyze their behaviors and properties such monotony features and thresholds. We find that a long-distance shared QC can be generated from two short-distance ones via intermediate measure. Moreover, the amount of the long-distance shared QC cannot reach that in the Werner state but that in the separable state.
Spin order and entropy in antiferromagnetic films subjected to magnetic fields
Authors: Hofmann Christoph P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Using systematic effective field theory, we explore the properties of antiferromagnetic films subjected to magnetic and staggered fields that are either mutually aligned or mutually orthogonal. We provide low-temperature series for the entropy density in either case up to two-loop order. Invoking staggered, uniform and sublattice magnetizations of the bipartite antiferromagnet, we investigate the subtle order–disorder phenomena in the spin arrangement, induced by temperature, magnetic and staggered fields—some of which are quite counterintuitive. In the figures we focus on the spin-

1

2

square-lattice antiferromagnet, but our results are valid for any other bipartite two-dimensional lattice.
e-open Sets in Nnc
-Topological Spaces
Authors: Vadivel A. , Thangaraja P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As a generalization of fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets have been created by Smarandache to represent imprecise, incomplete and inconsistent information existing in the real world. A neutrosophic set is characterized by a truth value, an indeterminacy value and a falsity value. In this paper, we introduce and study a new class of N neutrosophic closed set, namely N neutrosophic e-closed and N neutrosophic e-open sets in neutrosophic topological spaces. Also we study N neutrosophic e-interior, N neutrosophic e-closure and their properties are discussed.
Completely Nnce (Weakly Nnce)-irresolute Functions via Nnce-open Sets
Authors: Vadivel A. , Navuluri Mohanarao , Thangaraja P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to introduce two new types of Nnc
irresolute functions called completely Nnce-irresolute and completely weakly Nnce-irresolute functions via Nnc
e-open sets introduced by Ekici. We obtain some characterizations of these functions. Also, we investigate some fundamental properties between these new notions are separation and covering.
Characterizations of Almost Strongly Nnc θ e-continuous Functions
Authors: Vadivel A. , Sudha V. , Tamilselvan S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper several characterizations concerning almost strongly Nncθe-continuous functions are obtained. Also we investigate the relationships between almost strongly Nncθe-continuous functions and separation axioms and almost strongly Nnce-closedness of graphs of functions.
Fixed Point Theorems Concerning Hausdorff F-PGA Contraction in Complete Metric Space
Authors: Powar Pournima L. , Pathak Akhilesh K. , Mishra Lakshmi Narayan , Tiwari Rishabh , Kushwaha Ramratan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Harandi Amini-Harandi [2012], in 2012 established the existence of a fixed point by using the concept of set-valued contraction. In the present paper, authors have generalized this concept by considering Hausdorff F-PGA contraction and assured the existence of a fixed point. Hence, it is interesting to note that in a complete Hausdorff metric space, the fixed point exists with a lighter contraction map.
Nnc Z-open Sets and Continuity in Nnc
Topological Spaces
Authors: Vadivel A. , Moogambigai N. , Tamilselvan S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to introduce and study the notion of NncZ-open sets and NncZ-continuity. Some characterizations of these notions are presented. Also, some topological operations such as: NncZ-boundary, NncZ-exterior, NncZ-limit etc, are introduced.
Common Fixed Points of Almost Generalized (ψ, φ)–Quasi Rational Contraction in Ordered Metric Spaces
Authors: Uma Maheswari J. , Ravichandran M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce and study the notion of common fixed points for pair of mappings in quasi metric space and demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of the common fixed points of almost generalized (ψ, φ)–quasi rational condition in ordered metric spaces. An application and example of our obtained result is given.