bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Control Model in Phosphate Removal
Authors: Zhou Ke 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The precise input of flocculant (PAC) and coagulant aid (PAM) into phosphate wastewater is a key problem to degrade the phosphate content in sewage water and make the total phosphate (TP) and suspended pollutants (SS) in sewage water reach the discharged standard. In this paper, a new method combining fuzzy control technology with wastewater treatment control system is proposed to establish an automatic control system suitable for phosphates removal treatment. Based on experiment data and current experience, the membership function and fuzzy rules are set, and the fuzzy control technology is obtained with simulation analysis, and the efficient treatment of sewage water was realized. It can be seen from the results that the fuzzy control technology could be applied to the phosphate removal control system for treating sewage water, and the standard of stable, accurate and efficient sewage treatment has been realized.
Resilience and related factors as predictors of relapse risk in patients with substance use disorder: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Yamashita Ayako , Yoshioka Shin-ichi , Yajima Yuki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aim: Resilience is an essential concept in discussions of substance use disorder recovery, referring to the inherent ability to naturally recover in the face of adverse conditions. This study’s objective was to shed light on resilience and related factors that affect relapse risk in patients with SUDs.
Method : Fifty-two SUD patients were given a self-administrated questionnaire from February to April 2015, consisting of question items for sociodemographic characteristics, relapse risk (Stimulant Relapse Risk Scale), and resilience (Bidimensional Resilience Scale). Scale scores were tested for associations with subject attributes, after which resilience’s effects on relapse risk were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression (forced-entry) analyses.
Results : Stimulants were the most common drug of abuse (n = 26, 21.7%; multiple answers).
Reduced relapse risk was significantly associated with current employment (Std. β ＝-0.446, P < 0.05).
Conclusion : Our findings demonstrate the necessity of recovery support to enhance acquired resistance in SUD patients in order to prevent relapses. Reinforcing employment support services and encouraging patients to continue treatment were suggested as potentially effective measures to enhance resilience in individuals with SUDs on their road to recovery.
Comparisons of Comorbidities in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and Psoriatic Arthritis and their Influence on Psoriatic Arthritis Disease Activity: Results of a Multicentre Longitudinal Study
Authors: Montilla Carlos , ACOSTA MARIA ELISA , Gómez-Lechón Luis , Manzano Guadalupe , Toledano Esther , Compán Olga , Pastor Sonia , Hidalgo Cristina , Queiró Rubén 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To compare the presence of psycho-affective disorders and obesity-associated factors between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients and to corelate these comorbidities with PsA disease activity.Methods: This prospective observational longitudinal study included 216 PsA patients and 114 AS patients. Anxiety and depression were compared between both patient groups using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. We compared the waist/hip ratio, body mass index (BMI) and laboratory variables including apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein A, the ApoB/ApoA ratio, peptide C, insulin, resistance to insulin (HOMA-IR) and leptin. PsA activity was evaluated by the Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) score every 4 months for a year. Patients were divided into two groups: those with moderate or high activity and those with low activity or remission. We compared anxiety-, depression- and obesity-related factors between these two groups.Results: There were no differences in baseline characteristics between AS and PsA patients. Among the studied factors, only serum leptin was significantly higher in PsA patients than in AS patients (18.49±19.01 vs 11.5±10.05, p<0.01). Initial serum leptin, obesity and depressive behaviour were poor prognostic factors for persistent low disease activity. The leptin level was correlated with the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score (R=0.21, p<0.01), VAS activity score (R=0.26, p<0.01), swollen joint count (SJC) (R=0.23, p<0.01) and tender joint count (TJC) (R=0.26, p<0.01).Conclusion: Obesity alone or concurrent with increased leptin secretion and depression may influence persistent PsA activity. Leptin levels differentiated PsA patients from AS patients.
Differential Diagnosis of β-Thalassemia Trait from Iron Deficiency Anemia: Application of Bayesian Decision Tree
Authors: Jahangiri Mina , Rahim Fakher , Saki Najmaldin , Malehi Amal Saki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Several discriminating techniques have been proposed to discriminate between β‐thalassemia trait (βTT) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) so far. These discrimination techniques are important clinically, but they are challenging and normally difficult; so if a patient with IDA is diagnosed as βTT, then it is deprived of iron therapy. This study is the first application of the Bayesian tree-based method for differential diagnosis of βTT from IDA. Method: In this study, 907 patients were enrolled with the ages over 18-year-old with microcytic anemia. Bayesian Logit Treed (BLTREED) has been used to discriminate βTT from IDA. Results: Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was found as the main predictor in diagnostic discrimination. BLTREED model showed high sensitivity (96%), specificity (93%), accuracy (95%), Youden's index (89), as well as positive and negative predictive values in the differential diagnosis of βTT from IDA. Also, AUC revealed a more precise classification with an area under the curve value of 0.98.Conclusions: BLTREED model showed excellent diagnostic accuracy for differentiating βTT from IDA. In addition, understanding tree-based methods are easy and need not a statistical experience, so this advantage can help physicians in making the right clinical decision. Thus, we suggest the using of the BLTREED model as a powerful method in data mining techniques in order to develop sensitive and accurate diagnostic methods for for discriminating between these two anemia disorders.
Radiological influencing factors of the effectiveness of posterior cervical surgery for multilevel ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament
Authors: Li Cheng , Zhu Liang , Zha Guochun , Pang Yong , Zheng Xin , Zhang Xingchen , Yuan Feng , Jiang Weimin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

In patients with multilevel cervical ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), whether radiological factors affect the efficacy of posterior cervical surgery and which posterior surgery is more suitable and better in patients with different imaging manifestations remain to be elucidated.
Methods

From January 2012 to January 2018, 141 patients with multi-segmental OPLL underwent posterior cervical surgery, including 73 cases of laminoplasty (LP group) and 68 cases of laminectomy with fusion (LF group). Clinical and radiological results were compared between the groups. Patients were followed up for at least 2 years.
Results

At the last follow-up, significant differences in neck disability index (NDI), cervical range of motion, and C2–C7 Cobb angle were found between the two groups (P < 0.05). In the cervical kyphosis, K-line-negative, and OPLL occupying ratio(OR) > 60% groups, the
LncRNA OIP5-AS1 targets miR-25-3p to accelerate intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Xu Jie , Zhang Zongyu , Che Zhaoping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been validated to exert vital roles in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, the effect of OIP5-AS1 on IDD is unknown. This research intends to explore the function of OIP5-AS1 in IDD.
Methods

RT-PCR was utilized to detect levels of OIP5-AS1, miR-25-3p, Collagen II and Aggrecan in IDD tissues and NPCs. Immunofluorescence assay measured Collagen II expression. CCK-8, EdU, and flow cytometry estimated the levels of proliferation and apoptosis. Collagen II and Aggrecan proteins were assessed via western blot. The binding affinity of OIP5-AS1 with miR-25-3p was investigated by luciferase reporter assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) dissected the levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-1β.
Results

OIP5-AS1 was high expressed in IDD tissues and its expression gradually promoted with the increasing of Pfirrmann scores. The cell morphology of NPCs changed into spindle-shaped, and Collagen II expression was low. After OIP5-AS1 was silenced, cell proliferation was boosted whereas both apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation were restrained. In LPS-activated NPCs, OIP5-AS1 depletion also suppressed inflammation response. Further, miR-25-3p was a target of OIP5-AS1. The effects of OIP5-AS1 silence on proliferation, apoptosis and ECM degradation were reversed upon miR-25-3p downregulation. Moreover, the inhibitory impact of OIP5-AS1 knockdown on the inflammation of LPS-treated NPCs was rescued with miR-25-3p inference.
Conclusion

Totally, lncRNA OIP5-AS1 targeting miR-25-3p exerted promoting effects in IDD due to its high expression, implying the usage of OIP5-AS1/miR-25-3p as a novel regulatory axis for the molecular targets of IDD therapy.
End-tidal to arterial carbon dioxide gradient in traumatic brain injury after prehospital emergency anesthesia is associated with in-hospital mortality: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Doppmann Pascal , Meuli Lorenz , Sollid Stephen , Filipovic Miodrag , Knapp Jürgen , Exadaktylos Aristomenis , Albrecht Roland , Pietsch Urs 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Early definitive airway protection and normoventilation are key principles in the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury. These are currently guided by end tidal CO2 as a proxy for PaCO2. We assessed whether the difference between end tidal CO2 and PaCO2 at hospital admission is associated with in-hospital mortality.Method We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of consecutive patients with traumatic brain injury who were intubated and transported by Helicopter Emergency Medical Services to a Level 1 trauma center between January 2014 and December 2019. We assessed the association between the CO2 gap—defined as the difference between end tidal CO2 and PaCO2—and in-hospital mortality using multivariate logistic regression models.Results 105 patients were included in this study. The mean ±SD CO2 gap at admission was 1.64 (± 1.09) kPa and significantly greater in non-survivors than survivors (2.26 ±1.30 kPa vs. 1.42 ±0.92 kPa, p<.001). The correlation between EtCO2 and PaCO2 at admission was low (Pearson's r=.287). The mean CO2 gap after 24 hours was only 0.64 ±0.82 kPa, and no longer significantly different between non-survivors and survivors. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that the CO2 gap was independently associated with increased mortality in this cohort and associated with a 2.7-fold increased mortality for every 1 kPa increase in the CO2 gap (OR 2.692, 95% CI 1.293 to 5.646, p=.009).Conclusions This study demonstrates that the difference between EtCO2 and PaCO2 is significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury. EtCO2 was significantly lower than PaCO2, making it an unreliable proxy for PaCO2 when aiming for normocapnic ventilation. The higher-than-expected CO2 gap will lead to iatrogenic hypoventilation when normocapnic ventilation is aimed at, and might thereby increase in-hospital mortality.
Bottom-Up and Top-Down Controls of Litter Decomposition Rates and N Dynamics in Arid Steppes.
Authors: Piazza Maria-Victoria , Oñatibia Gaston R. , Aguiar Martin R. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
AimsArid ecosystem soil processes are strongly bottom-up controlled by resource scarcity. However, grazing intensification can induce changes through multiple pathways and spatio-temporal scales. For example, by changing litter quality and site environmental conditions. Our purpuse was to understand the relative importance of top-down and bottom-up controls of litter decomposition and N dynamics in the Patagonian grass-shrub steppes.MethodsWe performed three litterbag decomposition experiments to evaluate: i) the interactive effects of litter traits and site environmental conditions (grazed vs. exclosure communities) (reciprocal transplants in situ), ii) the net effect of litter traits in a common garden (ex situ), and iii) the net effect of site environmental conditions using a foreign common litter substrate (in situ). The study was performed on three pairs of sites with areas under a long-term exclosure (> 25 years) or under year-round sheep grazing. Local litter included main community species composition and was sorted by grass and shrubs material. ResultsGrazing exclusion did not significantly alter litter decomposition, either through changes in grass litter traits that control decomposition or through changes in the site environmental conditions. Nevertheless, N released during litter decomposition was 286% higher in exclosures than in grazing commumnities. The difference was associated to changes in the grass litter chemical quality. The effects were maintained when we integrated results from the entire litter community. Conclusion﻿Our study suggests that decomposition rates in arid steppes are mainly bottom-up determined, but top-down controls shaping grass litter traits importantly alter the flux of N during decomposition.
Risk factors of thrombosis in chinese subjects with acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Zhang Xueya , Guo Xizhe 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a kind of malignant hematologic disease. Thrombosis is a rare manifestation of APL. However, the risk factors of thrombosis related to chinese APL patients are not fully understood. Clinical and laboratory data of 44 consecutively chinese APL patients were collected and analyzed. 1 arterial and 6 venous thrombosis occurred in 44 patients, including 22 males and 22 females, with a median age of 44 years (range 18–74 years). The ratio of male and female gender (P = 0.68), age (P = 0.823), white blood cell count (P = 0.077), hemoglobin (P = 0.409), platelets (P = 0.334), disease risk stratification (P = 0.475), CD2 (P = 0.737), khorana score (P = 0.52), differentiation syndrome (DS) (P = 0.562) and gene mutation related to prognosis of APL, including DNMT3A (P = 0.44), TET2 (P = 0.43), IDH1 (P = 0.6), IDH2 (P = 0.66), NRAS (P = 0.66), ASXL1(P = 0.9) in the two groups with and without thrombosis were not statistically significant. The detection rate of PAI-1 genotype 4G4G was 71.4% (5/7) in 7 patients with thrombosis, while the detection rate of PAI-1 genotype 4G4G in 37 patients without thrombosis was 8.1% (3/37). The differences between the two groups in WT-1 (P = 0.01), PAI-1 4G4G (P = 0.0009), bcr3 (P = 0.027), CD15 (P = 0.005), and FLT3-ITD mutation (P = 0.0008) were statistically significant. The results suggested the PAI-1 gene 4G4G type, PML/RARa (bcr3), CD15, WT-1 and FLT3-ITD mutations excluding DNMT3A, TET2, IDH1/2, NRAS and ASXL1 are risk factors of thrombotic events in chinese APL patients.
Logical construction of the ionization energy theory and the origin of physical categories
Authors: Arulsamy Andrew Das 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Logical proofs and definitions are developed to establish (1) that the energy-level spacings,for each chemical element (from the periodic table of chemical elements) can be converted to the ionization energies, (2) both and the ionization energies are unique, and (3) the averaged ionization energy of any quantum matter is proportional to the averaged ionization energy of its constituent chemical elements, if and only if 6= 0 and is not an irrelevant constant. Physical atoms are then constructed to define the physical sets such that these sets are members of a specific physical class where each class belongs to a specific physical category, P. However, there is not a single structure-preserving functor from one energy-level spacing physical category, P to another P′. Therefore, the existence of many P implies the existence of different categories of physical systems and quantum matter.
Pre–service and In-service primary teachers’ generic and subject-specific skills On Geometric understanding of symmetry: A case study
Authors: Mafakheri Shiva 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
According to the curricula all over the world symmetry plays an important role in the teaching geometry at primary levels. Geometry is one of topics that have the most problematic content knowledge for the prospective primary teachers. This paper studies the understanding of the symmetry of shapes among pre-service and in-service teachers to find out their visual perception of the geometric shapes symmetry and the symmetry axis. The aim is to create a symmetrical pattern with symmetry axis of the shapes. Evidence that only content-oriented professional development coursework taken by primary school math teachers appears effective, suggests that relatively more resources ought to be put into content focused training for teachers and that changes are warranted at the elementary level and in pedagogical in-service training generally. The primary teacher needs to be able to modify some proposed problems in order to get a richer mathematical activity, being aware of their mathematical benefits. It should be part of growing the capacity of analyzing didactically the mathematics activity.
Abiotic nanofluidic environments induce prebiotic condensation in water
Authors: Herrera A. Greiner de , Markert T. , Trixler F. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A long-standing, central problem in the research on the chemical evolution towards the origin of life is the so-called “water paradox”: Despite life depends on liquid water, key biochemical reactions such as nucleotide condensation are inhibited by it. Current hypotheses addressing this paradox have low prebiotic plausibility when taking the conservative nature of evolution into account. We report spontaneous, abiotic RNA synthesis in water driven by nanofluidic effects in temporal nanoconfinements of aqueous particle suspensions. Our findings provide a solution of the water paradox in a multifaceted way: abiotic, temporal nanofluidic environments allow prebiotic condensation reaction pathways in water under stable, moderate conditions, emerge in suspensions as a geologically ubiquitous and thus prebiotic highly plausible environment and are consistent with evolutionary conservatism as living cells also work with temporal nanoconfined water.
IoT-Sphere: A Framework To Secure IoT Devices From Becoming Attack Target And Attack Source
Authors: Abbas Syed Ghazanfar , Husnain Muhammad , Fayyaz Ubaid Ullah , Shahzad Farrukh , Shah Ghalib A. , Zafar Kashif 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this research we propose a framework that will strengthen the IoT devices security from dual perspectives; avoid devices to become attack target as well as a source of an attack. Unlike traditional devices, IoT devices are equipped with insufficient host-based defense system and a continuous internet connection. All time internet enabled devices with insufficient security allures the attackers to use such devices and carry out their attacks on rest of internet. When plethora of vulnerable devices become source of an attack, intensity of such attacks increases exponentially. Mirai was one of the first well-known attack that exploited large number of vulnerable IoT devices, that bring down a large part of Internet. To strengthen the IoT devices from dual security perspective, we propose a two step framework. Firstly, confine the communication boundary of IoT devices; IoT-Sphere. A sphere of IPs that are allowed to communicate with a device. Any communication that violates the sphere will be blocked at the gateway level. Secondly, only allowed communication will be evaluated for potential attacks and anomalies using advance detection engines. To show the effectiveness of our proposed framework, we perform couple of attacks on IoT devices; camera and google home and show the feasibility of IoT-Sphere.
Predictive Factors for Post-Operative Tracheostomy Requirement in Children Undergoing Surgical Resection of Medulloblastoma
Authors: Masoudi Mohammad Sadegh , Zoghi Sina , Taheri Reza 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Medulloblastoma is the most common pediatric malignancy. Postoperative respiratory failure is an important complication in post-operative recovery of patients undergoing medulloblastoma resection. We aimed to identify factors predicting tracheostomy requirement in children post-operatively.Methods: Retrospective chart review of all patients under 18 undergoing medulloblastoma resection from 2012 to 2020 at Namazi hospital was conducted.Results: 45 patients (26%) needed tracheostomy after the operation. The most common indications were brainstem compression and absence of gag reflex prior to operation. Patients who had brainstem compression and infiltration by medulloblastoma, bilateral absence of gag reflex prior to operation, subtotal resection of tumor, and post-operative brainstem contusion were more likely to require tracheostomy. No statistically significant difference was observed between males and females and different ages. Conclusion: The results show that if we prevent the invasion of the brainstem by the tumor and resect the tumors totally and accurately, tracheostomy, a highly costly and stressful post-operative complication can be prevented.
A new species of pygmy Paroctopus (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae): the smallest southwestern Atlantic octopod, found in sea debris
Authors: Leite Tatiana S. , Vidal Erica A.G. , Lima Françoise Dantas , Lima Sergio M.Q. , Dias Ricardo M , Giuberti Giulia A. , De Vasconcellos Davi , Mather Jennifer A. , Haimovici Manuel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The new species, Paroctopus cthulu sp. nov. Leite, Haimovici, Lima and Lima, was recorded from very shallow coastal waters on sandy/muddy and shelter-poor bottoms with natural and human-origin debris. It is a small octopus, adults are less than 35 mm mantle length (ML) and weigh around 15 g. It has short to medium sized arms, enlarged suckers on the arms of both males and females, large posterior salivary glands (25 %ML), a relatively large beak (9 % ML) and medium to large mature eggs (3.5 to > 9 mm). The characteristics of hatchlings of two brooding females, some of their anatomical features, and in-situ observations of their behaviour are a clue to the life history of it and closely related pygmy octopuses. The Bayesian phylogenetic analysis showed that Paroctopus cthulu sp.nov. specimens grouped in a well-supported clade of Paroctopus species, separate from P.joubini and P. cf mercatoris from the Northwestern Atlantic . The description of this new species, living in a novel habitat of human debris in shallow water off Brazil, offered an opportunity not only to evaluate the relationship among the small octopuses of the western Atlantic, Caribbean and eastern Pacific, but also their adaptation to the Anthropocene period.