bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and value production of tree species in mixed spruce-fir-beech stands under the conditions of the Western Carpathians
Authors: Štefančík Igor , Petráš Rudolf , Mecko Julián , Novák Jiří 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Value production is one of the most important information for comparing different tree species composition and management strategies in forestry. Although the value production of forest stands is affected by various factors thinning can be considered as one of the most important one. This paper aims at the evaluation of qualitative and value production in mixed Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands, which were managed by crown thinning for a period of 44 to 50 years and/or left to self-development. More than 1,500 individual trees aged from 61 to 132 years from 15 subplots established in western part of the Low Tatras Mts. and the Great Fatra Mts. in Slovakia were assessed. The proportion of stems in the highest quality A (stem quality classes) reached a low percentage, i.e. 12% in beech, 28% in spruce and 13% in fir out of the number of evaluated trees. The percentage of the highest quality log classes (assortments I + II) of beech ranged from 0 to 23% and of coniferous ones from 2 to 12%. Regarding the management method used, this percentage accounted for 0.1 to 23% for plot with self-development, whereas in plots with tending it was from 1 to 23%. Value production of coniferous tree species was always higher compared to beech, regardless of the management method. Regarding individual tree species, we found the highest value production in fir (81.4 € m−3) and the lowest in beech (46.5 € m−3).
Gap regeneration and dynamics: the case study of mixed forests at Křtiny in the Czech Republic
Authors: Hammond Maame Esi , Pokorný Radek , Dobrovolný Lumír 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Gap regeneration remains the best silviculture technique for sustainable forest regeneration in mixed forests. The study examined tree species composition, diversity and dynamics of natural regeneration in gaps under three contrasting forest stands at Křtiny in the Czech Republic. In spring 2013, experimental gap design begins, when semi-permanent 1 m2 circular sub-sampling plots along North-South-East-West transects were delineated under 6 selected natural canopy openings ≤ 20 m2. In winter 2013/14, these naturally originated openings were artificially enlarged to the current gap sizes ranging between 255 and 1149 m2 through group felling. Natural regeneration in gaps was measured four times: from the growing season before disturbance (BD) in 2013 to the next three consecutive growing seasons after disturbance in 2014 – 2016, respectively. Seven (7) new species with light demanding growth strategy that were previously not present at mother stands were occurring there during the first growing season after disturbance (FGS), yielding the highest taxa (14 species) and diversity (Shannon diversity index, H = 1.7) while BD attained the lowest (8 species; H = 0.9), respectively. Study site being part of Fagus sylvatica vegetation community and providing favorable natural conditions for the optimal growth of Picea abies significantly explains the regeneration dominance of these species in gap regeneration from BD until the third growing season after disturbance (TGS), respectively. Small scale gap-disturbance contributed to the higher regeneration densities of all studied species during FGS. However, drought, competition from other life forms, and browsing activities substantially caused a progressive decline in natural regeneration during three consecutive years after disturbance.
Factors Affecting Immune Responses in Honey Bees: An Insight
Authors: Kaur Gurleen , Sharma Rohit , Chaudhary Ashun , Singh Randeep 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Honey bees pollinate various crops and wild plants which ensures food security. However, in this modern world, bees are suffering. Decreasing global domesticated and wild bee populations while the demand for agricultural pollination services is increasing is a matter of concern. Colony losses are driven by such factors or interactions as changing environmental conditions, exposure to agrochemicals, parasite and pathogens attack and decreased flower abundance and diversity. All these stresses individually or together affect the immune system of bees and consequently bee fitness. Poor nutrition is the key stressor as it directly suppresses the immune system and reduces host resistance to other stressors. To cope with these stresses, honey bees have well-developed individual and social immune systems which initiate several defence reactions, but its activation, maintenance and use are detrimental for bee survival as it occurs at the cost of bee health. This review summarizes the causal factors and their possible interaction responsible for immune suppression in honey bees.
Antifungal Activities of Propolis and its Main Components with an Emphasis Against Phytopathogenic Fungi
Authors: Dudoit Auriane , Cardinault Nicolas , Mertz Christian , Chillet Marc , Brat Pierre 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Propolis is produced by honey bees from a series of resinous, gummy and balsamic substances collected from the leaf buds of different tree species and mixed with their secretions. It is used as a sealant and antiseptic in the hive. Because of its antimicrobial properties, propolis has become a popular alternative medicine or food for health protection and disease prevention. The presence of a large number of flavonoids, aromatic acids and phenolic compounds has been suggested to be responsible for most biological and pharmacological activities of propolis. This review aims to provide a critical analysis of the different studies which evaluate the activity of propolis against fungi and to identify the chemical components responsible for such activity. The discussion of the methodological approaches used and the issued results is a key point of this review to highlight knowledge gaps. This review will first describe the chemical composition of the propolis and the factors of variability including geographical and botanical origins and then examine its antifungal activities with a focus against phytopathogenic fungi. Finally, it will discuss the main components responsible for such activities and their mechanism of action.
Energy Transition of the Baltic States: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Sauhats A. , Broka Z. , Baltputnis K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The importance of the climate change problem is recognised by the governments of the overwhelming majority of the world’s countries. To bring additional attention and enable more concrete action, in a number of countries and municipalities the issue has been declared a climate emergency. The need to solve this problem predetermines the task of replacing fossil energy sources with renewable alternatives. The process of the ongoing transformation is called energy transition. It includes transformation of all the energy-intensive sectors of economic activity: power generation, supply and consumption, heat generation and supply, electrification of transport, agriculture and households.
The main goal of the energy transition is obvious – it is necessary to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The main sources of energy used to achieve this goal in power generation are wind and solar energy. Even though the goal is unambiguously defined and the way to achieve it seems evident, it is already clear that a number of serious problems and obstacles have arisen. They are caused by the emergence of additional objectives that must be achieved and constraints that need to be satisfied in the process of the required transformations. Indeed, the transition should be carried out taking into account power system properties describing techno-economic efficiency, reliability, stability, adequacy, etc. This list can be expanded easily. It should be noted that the additional objectives are not less important than the overarching goal. Along with reducing emissions, it is also necessary to improve energy supply reliability, its availability and affordability for all the segments of the population as well as maintain the security of the energy supply infrastructure and processes.
Modelling the Future of the Baltic Energy Systems: A Green Scenario
Authors: Petrichenko L. , Petrichenko R. , Sauhats A. , Baltputnis K. , Broka Z. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The electricity sector in Europe and in the world is undergoing rapid and profound changes. There is a sharp increase in the capacity of renewable energy sources, coal and nuclear power plants are being closed and new technologies are being introduced. Especially rapid changes are taking place in the energy systems of the Baltic States. Under these conditions, there is an emerging need for new planning tools particularly for the analysis of the power system properties in a long-term perspective. The main contribution of this article lies in the formulation and solution of optimization problems that arise when planning the development of power systems in the Baltic States. To solve this problem, it is necessary to use models of various power plants and make a number of assumptions, the justification of which requires the following actions: to briefly review the current situation of the production and demand of energy in the Baltic power systems; to conduct an overview of the Baltic interconnections and their development; to make forecasts of energy prices, water inflow, energy production and demand; to set and solve the problems of optimization of power plant operation modes; to demonstrate the possibility and limitations of the developed tools on the basis of real-life and forecast data. In this paper, a case study is performed using the main components of the overall modelling framework being developed. It focuses on the Baltic power systems in 2050 under the conditions of significant expansion in the installed capacity of renewable energy sources (RESs) and diminished fossil fuel power plant activity. The resulting electricity generation mix and trade balance with neighbouring countries is assessed, showing that even with significant RES expansion, the Baltic countries remain net importers and because of the intermittency of RESs, there are hours within the year when the demand cannot be met.
A Linearized Numerical Solution for Steady-State Simulations of Gas Networks
Authors: Zalitis I. , Dolgicers A. , Zemite L. , Ganter S. , Kopustinskas V. , Vamanu B. , Bode I. , Kozadajevs J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Considering the changes of gas transmission system (hereinafter – GTS) brought about by diversification of gas suppliers, new interconnections with European GTS and implementation of an open electricity market and then an open gas market, a steady-state GTS modelling tool has been developed for future implementation in the risk and resilience analysis and potentially operational planning for different GTS or other purposes. The developed method combines the linearized hydraulic conductivity approach with a technique, derived from a linear electrical circuit analysis and an additional pressure change term for modelling of active non-pipeline elements of GTS. This method also takes into consideration operational limits of compressors and pressure regulators and changes in compressibility factor and gas viscosity based on the gas composition, temperature and pressure. The paper includes part of the results obtained from a validation case study performed for the presented method.
State Regulation in Foreign Economic Activity of Cement Industry of Ukraine
Authors: Topolnytska Tetiana , Matskiv Romana , Yatsiuk Oleh , Savko Oksana , Hryvnak Bohdan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To specify the problems and priorities of state regulation of foreign economic activity (FEA) of cement industry enterprises of Ukraine, it is proposed to use the tool for assessing the state of FEA of cement industry enterprises, which is based on the expert method. The FEA development index of the cement industry is constructed with the usage of the method of expert assessments and analysis of the hierarchies of significance of each factor. Due to this, it was found that producers underestimate their own abilities to compete in foreign markets regarding the assortment structure, unsatisfactory financial condition, fierce competition and recession in foreign markets, especially traditional for Ukraine; unsatisfactory state policy of support of the development of the cement industry, in particular in terms of transparency of resource provision, assistance in updating the technical and technological base of the industry, the implementation of state infrastructure projects in Ukraine. On this basis, the priorities of state regulation of foreign economic activity of cement industry enterprises were determined by the following groups: sales, institutional and instrumental ones.
16. Sinfonia Avanti Il Barcheggio by Alessandro Stradella in Interpretations of the Trumpeters Iulian Horez and Miroslav Kejmar
Authors: Horez Iulian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Alessandro Stradella is a lesser-known composer in trumpet works. However, the Sinfonia avanti il Barcheggio is of great beauty and is written perfectly trumpet. The original is composed for trumpet in C, but the key of D major in which the concerto played with trumpet in C is written poses the biggest tuning problems. For this reason, I recommend for this concert a trumpet in A. The tuning will be much better, it will be played in F major, the natural notes of the trumpet will be used a lot (C, E, G).
Performance in Sports and Art. The Beginnings
Authors: Leșe Ana-Cristina , Minea Raluca , Armencia Adina Ioana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Performance or show is one of the phenomena that characterizes our society since antiquity to nowadays and we make reference to: theater, music, sports, politics and more. We will approach performance also in sports and art, because this word has its origin in this area. According to the explanatory dictionary, performance represents a set of elements, things, facts which recall our attention, make an impression and provoke reactions. A show can surprise, intrigue, monopolizes and creates a kind of beneficial addiction. And this can only be in favor of a society in a constant search for “strong” sensations. A show in the field of sports or art is a good attempt to direct the spectators towards a better perception of reality. The involvement of society as for creation and continuous development of the phenomenon called “show” reveals people’s need for palpable human and beautiful sensations.
The Byzantine Icon Hermeneia
Authors: Mocanu Alina Viorela 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the context of the flagrant mistakes that are encountered in ecclesiastical painting and the lack of basic knowledge in this field, this study comes to present how Hermeneia has evolved throughout history. Starting from the Byzantine period, passing through the post-Byzantine period and reaching to the present day, Hermeneia and her predecessors, manuscripts and sketchbooks, aimed to help and maintain a canonical-artistic-ecclesial unity throughout the Orthodox Christian area. Another aspect of the article presents some ways of approaching Hermeneia from various points of view: technical, iconographic-illustrative, compositional, academic and theological. Throughout history, Hermeneia has been synthesized and structured in such a way as to provide a maximum of information but its volume should not be difficult to use by iconographers.
The Humor as a Form of Artistic Expression in Education
Authors: Eşi Marius Costel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The relevance of the idea of humor at the social level expresses, from our viewpoint, the need to understand, assume and, why not, use it at the level of social communities. Under these conditions, we consider the usefulness and functionality/applicability of such an idea in educational terms, and in particular, at the level of the class of students. Such an idea is the very idea of humor as it is found in the educational dimension. Moreover, our interest is focused upon seeing and to what extent, the idea of humor can be considered to be an art, if we consider stylized / “aestheticized”, artistic, expressive criteria. That is why, the assumed purpose of this approach that we have achieved consists in an exhaustive analysis of the idea of humor and, implicitly, of the art of humor in education, as well as of the way in which it manifests and it is recognized at the educational level.
Efficiency of Artistic Education: Praxiological Approach
Authors: Bularga Tatiana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In our statements we proceed from the reality that the artistic activity differs much from other human activities through its ontological specifics, which requires taking into account the opportunities and challenges that arise in individual potential manifestation of the child, act that expresses by transposing the theoretical prescriptions into practical actions indisputable by the presence of emotional-affective reactions, by developing projects and logistical maps of action, is not waiting for certain stimuli coming from outside, but by enhancing the artistic intentions and decisions of child – subjects of education. In efforts to design the implementation process of innovative artistic praxeology we emerged from the assumption that TDA (teacher’s didactic action) and PAA (pupil artistic action) become fundamental values of the integration of theory and praxeology in perspective of an effective education, provided that they be widely used both horizontally and vertically, according to the pentagonal model consisting of principles: proactivity, artistic intro-opening, creation/creativity, of success, re-conceptualizing and instrumented in modern theoretical and methodological perspectives.
EXCAVATION REPORT FOR THE BOMBORO SITE: A CHERT QUARRY SITE IN THE BOMBORO VALLEY, MAROS REGENCY, SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Perston Yinika Lotus , Adam Brumm  , Sandy Suseno  , Hakim Budianto , Suryatman  
Published: June 2021

Wilayah karst Maros-Pangkep berisi banyak situs arkeologi Holosen dan Late-Pleistocene, banyak di antaranya berisi kumpulan artefak yang didominasi oleh artefak rijang. Namun dimikian, belum ada sumber untuk bahan baku yang telah diidentifikasi. Sementara batuan dasar kapur yang melimpah kadang-kadang berisi kantong dan lapisan nodul rijang, singkapan ini menunjukkan sedikit bukti untuk eksploitasi atau tambangan prasejarah, dan kecil kemungkinan rijang diperoleh dari anak sungai atau sungai. Situs Bomboro dipilih untuk penggalian karena permukaan tanahnya yang kaya dengan artefak batu termasuk serpihan, batu inti, dan tatal. Rijangnya mungkin telah ditambang dari nodul yang keluar dari batu gamping lokal di Lembah Bomboro. Sampai sekarang, situs ini merupakan tambang batu kuno pertama yang diidentifikasi di wilayah tersebut. Sementara tambang terbuka tidak ada duanya, itu mungkin berfungsi sebagai sumber rijang selama periode Toalean, sekitar 2-8 ribu tahun yang lalu.

The Maros-Pangkep region contains numerous archaeological sites dating from the Holocene and Late-Pleistocene, many of which contain artefact assemblages dominated by flaked chert artefacts. However, no sources for this raw material have yet been identified. While the abundant limestone bedrock contains occasional pockets and seams of chert nodules, these outcrops show little evidence for prehistoric exploitation or quarrying, and it is unlikely the chert was acquired from streambeds. The Bomboro site was selected for excavation as the ground surface is rich in chert stone artefacts including flakes, cores, and debris. Theis chert was likely quarried from the local nodules outcropping from the surrounding limestone bedrock in the Bomboro Valley, and this report describes the excavation of the first ancient stone quarry site to be identified in the region. While the open quarry was undateable, it may have served as a chert source during the Toalean period, around 2-8 thousand years ago.
GEOLOGI DAN SUMBER BAHAN BATUAN SITUS CANDI SIRIH, KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Intan Fadhlan Syuaib 
Published: June 2021

Candi Sirih merupakan tinggalan budaya dari masa Hindu-Buddha, yang masih cukup lengkap yang terbuat dari batuan tufa, sehingga dianggap sebagai candi yang tidak umum di Pulau Jawa karena menggunakan batuan yang bukan andesit. Hal inilah yang menjadi pokok permasalahan pada penelitian ini, yang mencakup bahan batuan candi dan kondisi geologi secara umum. Maksud dan tujuan penelitian ini adalah pemetaan geologi untuk mengetahui gambaran keadaan lingkungan alam yang mencakup morfologi, litologi, struktur geologi, dan menentukan lokasi pengambilan sumber bahan batuan untuk pembangunan candi. Metode penelitian diawali dengan kajian pustaka, survei, dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis petrologi, dan interpretasi data. Hasil pengamatan lingkungan memberikan informasi tentang bentang alam yang termasuk pada satuan morfologi dataran, dan satuan morfologi bergelombang lemah. Pola pengeringan permukaan dendritik, radial, dan rektangular, stadia sungai dewasa-tua, dan sungai periodik/permanen. Batuan penyusun adalah aluvial, dan satuan batuan tufa serta struktur geologi berupa sesar normal. Penentuan lokasi bahan batuan tufa (kasar. halus, berlapis) dan serpih untuk pembangungan Candi Sirih berasal dari lingkungan sekitarnya dalam radius 3,5 kilometer bujursangkar.

Sirih Temple is a cultural heritage from the Hindu-Buddhist era, which is still quite complete, made of tufa rock, so it is considered an unusual temple in Java because it uses non-andesite rocks. This is the main problem in this study, which includes the material of the temple rock and geological conditions in general. The purpose and objective of this research is geological mapping to determine the description of the state of the natural environment which includes morphology, lithology, geological structure, and determining the location of the source of rock material for the construction of the temple. The research method begins with a literature review, survey, and is followed by petrological analysis and data interpretation. The results of environmental observations provide information about the landscape that is included in the morphological units of the plains, and the weak wavy morphological units. Drying patterns of dendritic, radial, and rectangular surfaces, mature-old river stage, and periodic/permanent river. The constituent rocks are alluvial, and the tuff rock units and the geological structure are normal faults. The location of the tuff (coarse, fine, layered) and shale materials for the Sirih Temple construction came from the surrounding environment in a radius of 3.5 square kilometers.