bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining depression scores as predictors and moderators of treatment outcomes in patients with binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Grilo Carlos M. , Gueorguieva Ralitza , Pittman Brian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveA substantial proportion of patients with binge‐eating disorder (BED) do not derive sufficient benefits from available evidence‐based psychological interventions. We examined depression scores as predictors and moderators of response to cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) and behavioral weight‐loss (BWL) for BED. We explored associations between changes in depression scores and changes in treatment outcomes.MethodNinety adults with BED with obesity were randomized to CBT or BWL (6 months) and were evaluated independently throughout treatment, at posttreatment, and 12‐month follow‐up after treatments (18 months post‐randomization). Pre‐treatment depression scores, early changes in depression, and changes in depression from pre‐ to post‐treatment were tested as predictors/moderators of outcomes (binge‐eating frequency and eating‐disorder psychopathology).ResultsBaseline depression scores did not predict nor moderate outcomes at post‐treatment or 12‐month follow‐up. Changes in depression scores (both early and throughout treatment) were not associated significantly with changes in binge‐eating frequency or eating‐disorder psychopathology at post‐treatment or 12‐month follow‐up.DiscussionFindings suggest depression scores do not predict nor moderate acute‐ or longer‐term outcomes in patients with BED receiving CBT or BWL. Findings reinforce need to improve treatments for BED overall, although they provide confidence that patients with elevated depression scores derive benefits from existing CBT and BWL interventions.
Detection of drought‐induced blue oak mortality in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California
Authors: Huesca Margarita , Ustin Susan L. , Shapiro Kristen D. , Boynton Ryan , Thorne James H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFrom 2011 to 2016, California experienced a millennial‐intensity drought, generating high levels of tree mortality. Remote sensing has been used to monitor the long‐term impacts of drought; however, discriminating dead from live trees in arid and semiarid deciduous woodlands is challenging. The goals of this study were to assess and map the spatial patterns of drought‐induced tree mortality in a blue oak (Quercus douglasii) woodland, a highly drought‐tolerant species forming savannas along the lower foothills surrounding California's Central Valley. Airborne hyperspectral imagery was used to identify the most important wavelength regions predicting drought‐induced blue oak mortality. The best metric to predict canopy stress was a normalized ratio using the spectral bands 937.53 and 1100.08 nm with a correlation with tree mortality of R2 = 0.83. The image prediction of mortality for nine field plots found that 16 of 98 trees died (17.9%) during the drought. We further evaluated tree mortality in 82 independent plots, and we found the greatest image predictive accuracy for tree mortality between 1% and 10%. When applied at the landscape level, the regression‐based index found mortality ranged from 1% to more than 51% in oak stands with an average mortality of 10% over the entire study region. In addition, tree mortality at landscape level showed higher tree mortality in blue oaks on south‐facing aspects probably because of higher insolation rates and in sites with low potential for accumulated drainage.
A meta‐analysis of amino acid δ15N trophic enrichment factors in fishes relative to nutritional and ecological drivers
Authors: Nuche‐Pascual M. Teresa , Ruiz‐Cooley Rocío I. , Herzka Sharon Z. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe use of amino acid (AA) nitrogen stable isotopes (δ15N) from consumer tissues aims to provide precise estimates of trophic position (TP), but the drivers of AA isotope fractionation remain unclear. In particular, the main factors driving the variability in TEFAA among taxonomic groups and trophic levels remain largely unexplained, which challenges the application of universal values for TEFs. While the relationship between protein content and quality and TEFs has been examined, studies have yielded inconsistent results, and the role of protein and lipid nutritional requirements as well as feeding regime have not been considered. Likewise, drivers that influence physiological and nutritional processes have not been examined relative to TEFAA variation. We conducted a meta‐analysis of controlled feeding experiments within a single group, teleosts fishes, to evaluate the relationship between five nutritional factors (protein and lipid content, protein and lipid content relative to nutritional requirements, and feeding regime) and three ecological drivers (diet type, life stage, and habitat type) on TEFAA. We considered a broad range of protein levels (8–71%) in diets and found no relationship between source TEFAAs and percent protein relative to nutritional requirements, whereas lipid content relative to nutrient requirements, feeding regime and habitat type partially explain the variability in TEFs of Lys, but not for Phe and Met TEFs. The variability for the latter was representative of robust source AAs. Among trophic AAs, Asp, Ile, Pro, and Leu TEFs were significantly higher in species from brackish than marine habitats possibly due to osmoregulation involvement. TEFGlu was sensitive to protein content and feeding regime within teleosts, but relatively constant when comparing TEFs among teleosts, non‐teleosts, and all taxa. Our results indicate that TEFAA is less variable within a single taxon than among multiple taxa and that such variation is not negligible. Our results indicate that δ15NAA values could provide better TP estimates if using taxon‐specific values, and highlights the need to explain the mechanisms of AA fractionation and quantify the variability in TEFs used during error propagation for TP estimates.
Disparities in clinical features and outcomes of peripartum cardiomyopathy in high versus low prevalent regions in Nigeria
Authors: Karaye Kamilu M. , Ishaq Naser A. , Sai'du Hadiza , Balarabe Sulaiman A. , Ahmed Bashir G. , Adamu Umar G. , Mohammed Idris Y. , Oboirien Isa , Umuerri Ejiroghene M. , Mankwe Abaram C. , Shidali Vincent Y. , Dodiyi‐Manuel Sotonye , Njoku Paschal , Olunuga Taiwo , Josephs Veronica , Mbakwem Amam C. , Ogah Okechukwu S. , Tukur Jamilu , Okeahialam Basil , Stewart Simon , Henein Michael , Sliwa Karen ,   Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in Nigeria (PEACE) Registry Investigators
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsThe prospective, multicentre Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in Nigeria (PEACE) registry originally demonstrated a high prevalence of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) among patients originating from Kano, North‐West Nigeria. In a post hoc analysis, we sought to determine if this phenomenon was characterized by a differential case profile and outcome among PPCM cases originating elsewhere.Methods and resultsOverall, 199 (81.6%) of a total 244 PPCM patients were recruited from three sites in Kano, compared with 45 patients (18.4%) from 11 widely dispersed centres across Nigeria. Presence and extent of ventricular myocardial remodelling during follow‐up, relative to baseline status, were assessed by echocardiography. During median 17 months follow‐up, Kano patients demonstrated significantly better myocardial reverse remodelling than patients from other sites. Overall, 50.6% of patients from Kano versus 28.6% from other regions were asymptomatic (P = 0.029) at study completion, with an accompanying difference in all‐cause mortality (17.6% vs. 22.2% respectively, P = 0.523) not reaching statistical significance. Alternatively, 135/191 (84.9%) of Kano patients had selenium deficiency (<70 μg/L), and 46/135 (34.1%) of them received oral selenium supplementation. Critically, those that received selenium supplementation demonstrated better survival (6.5% vs. 21.2%; P = 0.025), but the supplement did not have significant impact on myocardial remodelling.ConclusionsThis study has shown important non‐racial regional disparities in the clinical features and outcomes of PPCM patients in Nigeria, that might partly be explained by selenium supplementation.
Electrochemical and Photophysical Study of Homoleptic and Heteroleptic Methylated Ru(II) Bis‐terpyridine Complexes
Authors: Rupp Mira T. , Auvray Thomas , Hanan Garry S. , Kurth Dirk G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the impact of N‐methylation on the electronic and photophysical properties of both homoleptic and heteroleptic Ru(II) bis‐terpyridine complexes based on the recently reported ligand 4’‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐4,4’’’ : 4’’,4’’’’‐dipyridinyl‐2,2’ : 6’,2’’‐terpyridine (Bipytpy), with pyridine substituents in the 4‐ and 4’’‐position. The first reduction of the methylated complexes takes place at the pyridinium site and is observed as multi‐electron process. Following N‐methylation, the complexes exhibit higher luminescence quantum yields and longer excited‐state lifetimes. Interestingly, the photophysical properties of the heteroleptic and homoleptic complexes are rather similar. TD‐DFT calculations support the experimental results. Furthermore, the complexes are tested as photosensitizers for photocatalytic hydrogen production, as the parent complex 1 [Ru(Bipytpy)(Tolyltpy)](PF6)2 (Tolyltpy: 4′‐tolyl‐2,2′ : 6′,2′’‐terpyridine) was recently shown to be active and highly stable under photocatalytic conditions. However, the methylated complexes reported herein are inactive as photosensitizers under the chosen conditions, presumably due to loss of the methyl groups, converting them to the non‐methylated parent complexes.
Synthesis of Two New Ni12‐Cluster Substituted Sandwiched Phosphotungstates Organic‐Cluster and their Magnetic Property
Authors: Su Zhao‐Min , An Qingqing , Xu Xiaomei , Zhang Niu , Bao Lixia , Jia Zhiyu , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTwo new Ni12‐substituted sandwiched phosphotungstates organic‐cluster, H2[Ni6(OH)3(H2O)9(PW9O34)(1,4‐NDC)1/2(H2O)1/2]2 ⋅ 14 H2O (1), Ni(H2O)2(en)2[Ni6(OH)3(H2O)6(en)2(PW9O34)(2,6‐NDC)1/2]2 ⋅ 11H2O (2) (en=1,2‐ethylenediamine; 1,4‐NDC=Naphthalene‐1,4‐dicarboxylic acid; 2,6‐NDC=Naphthalene‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid) which are composed of {Ni6PW9} as second building units (SBU) and organic molecular as the bridging molecule have been synthesized by a hydrothermal method under mild condition. From single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, we could observe two different configurations between 1 and 2. Two {Ni6PW9} SBUs were connected through 1,4‐H2NDC molecular and 2,6‐H2NDC molecular, respectively. Thought the connection of organic molecular, we successfully increase the nuclear number of transition‐metal‐substituted polyoxometalates. Meanwhile, both of two compounds have ferromagnetic interactions, which guides us to synthesize novel phosphotungstates with ferromagnetic property.
One‐step Conversion of Amides and Esters to Acid Chlorides with PCl3
Authors: Li Fangshao , Wu Xiaofang , Guo Fengzhe , Tang Zi‐Long , Xiao Jing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA general and efficient iodine‐promoted chlorination of amides and esters with phosphorus trichloride is described. For the first time. Various inactivated amides including secondary and tertiary amides were directly converted to the corresponding acid chlorides in one‐step. The substrate scope of methyl esters including aromatic and aliphatic esters was also explored under this system. This method is simple, scalable and wide in scope, which provides an approach to preparation of these acid chlorides.
High‐efficiency adsorption of various heavy metals by tea residue biochar loaded with nanoscale zero‐valent iron
Authors: Liu Shuang , Zhang Shuaizhong , Fan Minghao , Yuan Yongkai , Sun Xun , Wang Dongfeng , Xu Ying 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNanoscale zero‐valent iron (nZVI) loaded on tea residue biochar activated with phosphoric acid composites was synthesized. This adsorbent can efficiently adsorb multiple heavy metal ions such as Pb (II), Cr (III), Cu (II), and Ni (II) simultaneously. The adsorption process was found to follow the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. Equilibrium adsorption capacities reached 288.18, 162.34, 242.72, and 267.22 mg·g−1 for Pb(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), and Ni(II), respectively. The common interfering ions exhibited lower influence on its adsorption capacity. The adsorption mechanism includes reduction, ion exchange, surface complexation and precipitation. Furthermore, the waste adsorbent was converted into a catalyst in situ, which could catalyze the degradation of Congo red by establishing an electron transfer pathway. This research provides a new concept for the sustainable utilization of industrial tea residues and the harmless treatment of waste nZVI composite adsorbents.
The effect of plasma treated carbon felt on the performance of aqueous quinone‐based redox flow batteries
Authors: Permatasari Agnesia , Shin Jeong Woo , Lee Wonmi , An Jihwan , Kwon Yongchai 
Published: June 2021

Summary4,5‐dihydroxybenzene‐1,3‐disulfonic acid (Tiron) and anthraquinone‐2,7‐disulfonic acid (AQDS) are interesting redox couples for aqueous quinone‐based redox flow batteries (QRFBs) because of their high solubility and good reaction reversibility in acidic condition. Tiron is rate‐determining material due to its slow reaction kinetics. To improve that, Tiron is transformed into 2,4,5,6‐tetrahydroxybenzene‐1,3‐disulfonic acid (TironA), which is effectively formed during the first cycle of QRFB. Once TironA is formed, a desirable two‐electron redox reaction with stable and reproducible charge and discharge step of QRFB occurs, although the electron transfer of TironA is still lower than that of AQDS. To further facilitate that of TironA, oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2) plasma‐treated carbon felt (CF) electrodes are suggested. Oxygen functional groups formed onto CF by O2 plasma become the active sites for redox reaction of TironA. As the amount of oxygen functional groups formed increases, the redox reactivity of TironA is enhanced. In contrast, when N2 plasma is used, pyrrolic N and quaternary N are mainly formed. With the formation, (i) hydrogen atoms within pyrrolic N act as proton donor and interact with oxygen groups of TironA and (ii) nitrogen cations within quaternary N interact with the negatively charged atoms of TironA by electrostatic interaction. Thus, both reaction kinetic of TironA and performance of QRFB increase. Regarding the performance of QRFB using N2 plasma‐treated CF, its energy efficiency (EE), discharging capacity, and state of charge are 62%, 17.3 Ahr·L−1 and 64.5% for 50 cycle, which correspond to excellent achievements.
Levenberg‐Marquardt backpropagation algorithm for parameter identification of solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Yang Bo , Chen Yijun , Guo Zhengxun , Wang Jingbo , Zeng Chunyuan , Li Danyang , Shu Hongchun , Shan Jieshan , Fu Ting , Zhang Xiaoshun 
Published: June 2021

SummaryFast and precise identification of several unknown parameters for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) models play a critical role in modeling analysis, optimal control, and behavior prediction. However, inherent high‐nonlinear, multi‐variable, and strongly coupled features usually lead to thorny obstacles that hinder conventional methods to identify them with a high speed, high accuracy, and reliable stability. Hence, a Levenberg‐Marquardt backpropagation (LMBP) algorithm‐based parameter identification technique is proposed in this study, which is applied to efficiently train designed artificial neural networks (ANNs) to implement the identification task. Furthermore, two typical models, for example, electrochemical model (ECM) and steady‐state model (SSM), are taken into account to validate the identification performance of the LMBP algorithm under different operation conditions. Simulation results based on MATLAB demonstrate that the LMBP algorithm can extremely improve the accuracy, speed, and stability for estimating these unknown parameters via a comprehensive comparison with four mainstream meta‐heuristic algorithms, that is, artificial ecosystem‐based optimization (AEO), equilibrium optimizer (EO), grey wolf optimization (GWO), and moth‐flame optimization (MFO).
Research on the reliability allocation calculation method of a wind turbine generator set based on a vine copula correlation model
Authors: Wu Yuanyuan , Sun Wenlei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo consider the failure correlation among key subsystems, based on the reliability allocation method of the series system, a wind turbine reliability allocation calculation method based on the vine copula correlation model is proposed. The reliability modeling method of the series system is adopted to model the reliability of each subsystem, combined with the copula function to model the correlation between the variables, and then, the multidimensional variable problem is converted into the two‐dimensional variable problem through the vine copula function. The reliability calculation model of the copula function model, under the influence of factors such as the complexity, importance, and failure hazard of each subsystem, allocates the reliability of the key component systems of the wind turbine generator set. Finally, through three allocation methods based on the independent, multivariate copula function and vine copula function and other distribution methods, the calculation and analysis of the wind turbine generator set are performed. The results show that the allocated control system has the lowest reliability, and the tower has the highest reliability; compared with the assumption of the independent allocation method, the allocation result of this paper's method is lower; compared with the allocation method of the multidimensional copula function, the allocated failure rate is increased by more than 20%. This paper verifies that the proposed method is not only effective and reasonable but also more consistent with the actual situation.
Effect of a diet containing a mixture of soybean isoflavones and soyasaponins on contact hypersensitivity and gut microbiota in mice
Authors: Nagano Takao , Katase Mitsuru , Tsumura Kazunobu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDietary soybean isoflavones (SIs) and soyasaponins (SSs) individually exert inhibitory effects on contact hypersensitivity (CHS), which is an animal model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD); however, the beneficial effects of diets containing a mixture of SIs and SSs on CHS remain unclear. Here, we investigated the CHS‐suppressive effects of diets containing a mixture of SIs and SSs at physiologically relevant doses, and the role of the gut microbiota. The diets attenuated ear swelling and reduced the number of Gr‐1‐positive cells infiltrating the auricle tissues. Ear swelling was inhibited in the SI‐ and SS‐treated mice compared to the SI‐treated mice. Compared to the CHS controls, the levels of chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 2 and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 (TREM‐1) were lower in the auricle tissues of SI‐ and SS‐treated mice, whereas TREM‐1 production was not suppressed in SI‐ or SS‐treated mice. In addition, vancomycin treatment had little effect on the CHS‐inhibitory activity of SI and SS diets, whereas ciprofloxacin and metronidazole treatments blocked the effects of SI and SS diets. These antibiotics exhibited differing effects on the microbiota composition deduced from the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Therefore, consuming a mixture of SIs and SSs has ACD‐preventive effects and is affected by the gut microbiota.
Concurrent axon and myelin destruction differentiates X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy from multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bergner Caroline G. , Genc Nafiye , Hametner Simon , Franz Jonas , van der Meer Franziska , Mitkovski Miso , Weber Martin S. , Stoltenburg‐Didinger Gisela , Kühl Jörn‐Sven , Köhler Wolfgang , Brück Wolfgang , Gärtner Jutta , Stadelmann Christine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCerebral disease manifestation occurs in about two thirds of males with X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD) and is fatally progressive if left untreated. Early histopathologic studies categorized CALD as an inflammatory demyelinating disease, which led to repeated comparisons to multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to revisit the relationship between axonal damage and myelin loss in CALD. We applied novel immunohistochemical tools to investigate axonal damage, myelin loss and myelin repair in autopsy brain tissue of eight CALD and 25 MS patients. We found extensive and severe acute axonal damage in CALD already in prelesional areas defined by microglia loss and relative myelin preservation. In contrast to MS, we did not observe selective phagocytosis of myelin, but a concomitant decay of the entire axon‐myelin unit in all CALD lesion stages. Using a novel marker protein for actively remyelinating oligodendrocytes, breast carcinoma‐amplified sequence (BCAS) 1, we show that repair pathways are activated in oligodendrocytes in CALD. Regenerating cells, however, were affected by the ongoing disease process. We provide evidence that—in contrast to MS—selective myelin phagocytosis is not characteristic of CALD. On the contrary, our data indicate that acute axonal injury and permanent axonal loss are thus far underestimated features of the disease that must come into focus in our search for biomarkers and novel therapeutic approaches.
Risk and Outcome of Venous and Arterial Thrombosis in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Danish Nation‐wide Cohort Study
Authors: Jepsen Peter , Tapper Elliot B. , Deleuran Thomas , Kazankov Konstantin , Askgaard Gro , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Vilstrup Hendrik , West Joe 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims
Cirrhosis affects hemostasis, but its effects across the spectrum of thromboses remain poorly understood. We examined risks and outcomes of venous and arterial thrombosis.

Approach and Results
We used nation‐wide Danish health care registries to identify outpatients with cirrhosis and a sex‐ and age‐matched comparison cohort without cirrhosis from the general population. Patients with cirrhosis and comparators were followed until they had a venous thromboembolism (VTE), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or ischemic stroke (IS) or died. We computed absolute risks and HRs of thrombosis and compared outcomes after thrombosis. We included 5,854 patients with cirrhosis (median Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score, 9; interquartile range, 7‐13), and their risk of any of the thrombotic events was 0.8% after 1 year and 6.3% after 10 years. They were more likely than the 23,870 matched comparators to have a VTE (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.0; 95% CI, 1.5‐2.6) or IS (aHR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3‐2.3), but not AMI (aHR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5‐0.9). Among patients with cirrhosis, decompensation increased the risk of AMI, but not the other thromboses. Following thrombosis, patients with cirrhosis had higher 90‐day mortality than comparators (after VTE: 17% vs. 7%; after AMI: 27% vs. 5%; after IS: 10% vs. 7%) and were less likely to receive antithrombotic treatment.

Conclusions
Patients with cirrhosis had an increased risk of VTE and IS, but not AMI. Among patients with cirrhosis, decompensation increased the risk of AMI, exclusively. Mortality after thrombosis was higher in patients with cirrhosis than in other patients. These findings are relevant for decisions about antithrombotic prophylaxis in patients with cirrhosis.