bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activating the Basal Planes of Ti2C MXene for Accelerated Ammonia Electrosynthesis: Role of Surface Terminations
Authors: Bashir Aejaz Ul , Ingole Pravin Popinand 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAltering the edge sites of 2D MXenes for electrochemical dinitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) is widely reported, whereas activation of its relatively inert basal planes is neglected. Herein, the activation and the optimization of the basal planes of Ti2CTx (Tx = *F, *O, and *OH) MXenes toward enhanced ENRR to ammonia is reported. The balanced surface functionalization in Ti2CTx regulates the ENRR kinetics by regulating the potential of zero charge (EPZC) and the electrochemical work function (). Specifically, the altered EPZC and enhances electric field localization and potential screening at the Ti2CTx/water interface stabilizing the transition state and reducing ENRR activation energy (ΔE). Hydrodynamic voltammetry, in situ Raman, and post‐ENRR X‐ray spectroscopy suggest faster ENRR kinetics, via an associative distal pathway, with *OH and *F terminated Ti3+ as the dominant active sites over Ti2CTx surface. Ti2CTx achieves an ammonia yield of 35.2 at Faradaic efficiency of 5.9% in 0.05 m H2SO4, which further improves to 49% in 0.5 m NaBF4. The strategy concurrently modulates the ENRR interface via, proton‐repelling functional groups (*F) on the electrode surface and weak proton donor electrolytes (NaBF4). This suppresses HER kinetics, minimizes competition for active sites, and promotes selective nitrogen activation, thereby boosting ENRR efficiency.
Rapid High‐Throughput Discovery of Molecules With Antimicrobial Activity From Natural Products Enabled by a Nanoliter Matrix SlipChip
Authors: Wang Qi , Wang Mengru , Lyu Weiyuan , Li Xiang , Xu Lei , Qin Yuyao , Ren Yan'an , Deng Zixin , Tao Meifeng , Xiao Weilie , Shen Feng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractImproper use of antibiotics has led to the development of antimicrobial resistance, or “superbugs,” outpacing the discovery of new antibiotics. The lack of rapid, high‐throughput screening methods is a major bottleneck in discovery novel antibiotics. Traditional methods consume significant amounts of samples, making it challenging to discover new antibiotics from limited natural product extracts. Here, a rapid, high‐throughput screening method is reported for natural products with antimicrobial activity enabled by a nanoliter matrix SlipChip (nm‐SlipChip). This nm‐SlipChip creates a screening matrix with nanoliter droplets for 100 drug candidate–bacterium combinations. The effectiveness of candidate antibiotics is assessed by analyzing microbial phenotypic changes. This nm‐SlipChip reduces sample consumption by over 5000‐fold and shortens the detection time to three hours. Twenty compounds isolated from Callicarpa integerrima were tested against 10 pathogenic bacteria and identified two previously unreported clerodane diterpenes with activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Molecular docking and fluorescence probe experiments reveals that their antimicrobial effect results from disruption of bacterial cell membranes and biofilms. The nm‐SlipChip provides an effective method for discovering new antimicrobial drugs from natural sources, vital in combating antibiotic resistance.
Comparison of umbilical artery pulsatility index reference ranges
Authors: Duncan J. R. , Markel L. E. , Pressman K. , Rodriguez A. R. , Obican S. G. , Odibo A. O. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the accuracy of four published reference standards for the umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA‐PI) in predicting small‐for‐gestational age (SGA), adverse neonatal outcomes and obstetric complications in pregnancies at risk for fetal growth restriction.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of a prospective study of singleton pregnancies that underwent fetal growth assessment by ultrasound between 26 and 36 weeks' gestation. Pregnancies with estimated fetal weight or abdominal circumference < 20th percentile with UA‐PI measurements available were included. We excluded fetuses with chromosomal anomaly or congenital malformation and those without delivery information. The predictive ability of UA‐PI > 95th percentile according to the reference standards of Acharya et al., the INTERGROWTH‐21st Project, the Fetal Medicine Foundation and Parra‐Cordero et al. for SGA, a composite of adverse neonatal outcomes and a composite of obstetric complications was compared using the area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve (AUC). Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were calculated.ResultsOf the 1054 pregnancies that underwent fetal growth evaluation by ultrasound, 207 were included in our analysis. SGA, adverse neonatal outcomes and obstetric complications were diagnosed in 94 (45.4%), 50 (24.2%) and 69 (33.3%) cases, respectively. All reference standards had similar and statistically significant but poor predictive accuracy for SGA (AUC of 0.55 to 0.56), adverse neonatal outcomes (AUC of 0.57 to 0.60) and obstetric complications (AUC of 0.55 for all).ConclusionsThe reference standards for UA‐PI evaluated herein have poor predictive ability for SGA, adverse neonatal outcomes and obstetric complications. At present, no particular UA‐PI reference standard can be recommended over others. Larger trials are needed to answer this research question. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Introduction: Transforming Global Challenges into Opportunities for Sustainable Entrepreneurship
Authors: Milow Uta , Hinz Andreas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis chapter introduces the thematic setting of the second volume of this book series “Sustainable Business Development” featuring 11 book chapters providing practical insights. With a rapidly growing concern for sustainability around the world, organizations face significant challenges they need to address. These challenges often relate to the concept of value at the core of organizations’ business models. Moreover, stakeholder groups often are the root cause of these challenges as they can exert significant pressures on organizations to become more sustainable. Furthermore, economic and political uncertainties can be cause for concern. However, these challenges also represent opportunities, if organizations address them, align their business models and respond to expectations from stakeholders appropriately. In this context, sustainable entrepreneurship can be useful with particular emphasis on suitable solutions, target customers, market environment, supply chain processes and financial logic.
Sustainability in SMEs: What Core Values Are Really Important?
Authors: Vacher Stéphano 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There is a genuine commitment to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) among companies of all sizes. However, for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), there is a distinct relationship between managers and their stakeholders in terms of CSR commitment. Environmental, social, and societal issues are approached differently depending on the strategic and ethical values held by the manager. These values can enhance CSR commitment, ensuring the firm’s growth while contributing to global well-being. This paper focuses on this relationship through two studies: (1) a descriptive survey conducted in 2019 on a sample of French companies, examining their responses to CSR commitments, and (2) a qualitative survey of 10 French SME managers, exploring the criteria influencing their CSR engagement. The findings reveal that CSR actions are strongly influenced by the strategic goals and values upheld by the firm. SMEs have their own specific management style. In fact, the way they operate responds to a number of mechanisms that are complex to identify. Relationships with stakeholders in the firm’s ecosystem, combined with the values espoused by the firm’s managers, can be decisive factors in determining action in favour of CSR.
Stakeholder Involvement to Foster Sustainable Business Practices in Indonesian MSMEs
Authors: Dhewanto Wawan , Hanifan Rozan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDespite MSMEs’ critical contribution to the economy, their integration of sustainable practices is often hindered by challenges such as limited awareness, resources, and incentives. By synthesizing stakeholder theory with theories of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and organizational capability, this research examines the factors that influence MSMEs’ sustainability initiatives. This paper investigates the role of stakeholder involvement in enhancing sustainable business practices among MSMEs in Indonesia. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, the study analyzes survey data from MSMEs across West Java, Indonesia, and further validates it using stakeholder interviews. The findings highlight those internal capacities, including digitalization and innovation, are more critical for MSME sustainability than external factors. While external stakeholders are vital for fostering a supportive business environment, internal capacities directly enhance MSME competitiveness and operational efficiency. The paper advocates for prioritizing these internal capacities and calls for reforms in external stakeholder engagement to support MSME growth better. This research contributes to the literature by empirically demonstrating the importance of internal over external factors in advancing MSME sustainability. These insights aim to guide MSMEs and policymakers in promoting the holistic development of the sector.
Barriers to Business Model Innovation: Insights from SMEs in Switzerland
Authors: Eichler Karsten , Meyer Dario , Meyer Rolf 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBusiness model innovation (BMI) has become increasingly important in recent years, but the question remains as to why only a small number of companies are doing it. In addition, the rate of companies innovating in general is decreasing in Switzerland, especially among small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the barriers to business model innovation among small and medium-sized enterprises in Switzerland. A quantitative approach with a written survey sent to 4000 companies was adopted. A sample of 405 company managers from the Swiss canton of Schwyz responded. The data were statistically analysed using SPSS.The results show that medium-sized companies and those in high-tech sectors are more likely to engage in business model innovation. In contrast, smaller companies and those in less technical sectors face more challenges. The analysis identified seven barriers to BMI that are significant. Two barriers turned out to be triggers for BMI rather than actual obstacles. Past barriers were more intrinsic, related to diversity, risk aversion and own expertise. For current BMI plans, the most relevant barriers are more likely to be related to cost, technology and capacity. Additionally, the relevance of BMI may increase as companies focus on data and digital business models. These findings can assist companies in identifying and overcoming barriers in the innovation process. Furthermore, organisations such as economic development agencies or higher education institutions can adapt their services to better support SMEs in overcoming these barriers and fostering innovation.
Imaging the wakes of jets with energy-energy-energy correlators
Authors: Bossi Hannah , Kudinoor Arjun Srinivasan , Moult Ian , Pablos Daniel , Rai Ananya , Rajagopal Krishna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As the partons in a high energy jet propagate through the droplet of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in a heavy-ion collision they lose energy to, kick, and are kicked by the medium. The resulting modifications to the parton shower encode information about the microscopic nature of QGP. A direct consequence, however, is that the momentum and energy lost by the parton shower are gained by the medium and, since QGP is a strongly coupled liquid, this means that the jet excites a wake in the droplet of QGP. After freezeout, this wake becomes soft hadrons with net momentum in the jet direction meaning that what an experimentalist later reconstructs as a jet includes hadrons originating from both the modified parton shower and its wake. This has made it challenging to find experimental observables that provide an unambiguous view of the dynamical response of a droplet of QGP to a jet shooting through it. Recent years have seen significant substantial advances in the theoretical and experimental understanding of the substructure of jets, in particular, using correlation functions, $$ \left\langle \mathcal{E}\left({\overrightarrow{n}}_1\right)\cdots \mathcal{E}\left({\overrightarrow{n}}_k\right)\right\rangle $$

E

n
→

1

⋯
E

n
→

k

, of the energy flux operator in proton-proton collisions and, recently, in heavy-ion collisions. So far, such studies have focused primarily on the two-point correlator, which allows for the identification of the angular scale of the underlying dynamics. Higher-point correlators hold the promise of mapping out the dynamics themselves. In this paper we perform the first study of the shape-dependent three-point energy-energy-energy correlator in heavy-ion collisions. Using the Hybrid Model to simulate the interactions of high energy jets with the QGP medium, we show that the three-point correlator presents us with a striking new opportunity. We find that hadrons originating from wakes are the dominant contribution to the three-point correlator in the kinematic regime in which the three points are well-separated in angle, forming a roughly equilateral triangle. This equilateral region of the correlator is far from the region populated by collinear vacuum emissions, making it a canvas on which jet wakes are laid out, where experimentalists can map their shapes. Our work provides a key step towards the systematic use of energy correlators to image and unravel the dynamical response of a droplet of QGP that has been probed by a passing jet, and motivates numerous experimental and theoretical studies.
M2-M5 giant graviton expansions
Authors: Hayashi Hirotaka , Nosaka Tomoki , Okazaki Tadashi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We examine the giant graviton expansions of the Coulomb and Higgs indices for the M2-brane SCFTs to find the closed-form expressions for the indices that encode the spectra of the 1/4-BPS M5-brane giant gravitons and the 1/3-BPS orbifold M5-brane giant gravitons. Consequently, we get exact forms of the twisted indices for the 6d (2, 0) theories describing a stack of N M5-branes which generalize the unrefined indices. We confirm that they are also beautifully expanded with respect to the indices for the M2-brane giant gravitons which are obtained from the Coulomb and Higgs indices for the M2-brane SCFTs upon the change of variables.
Triple product amplitude from chiral string
Authors: Wang Yu-Ping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we proposed a worldsheet construction of a subset of triple product amplitudes proposed by Huang and Remmen (2022). We start with closed bosonic strings but left and right-moving momenta are not necessarily equal. Instead, they satisfy certain conditions. We called them section conditions. These conditions are generalizations of the section condition in double field theory. The vertex operators of chiral strings have nontrivial monodromy, so we interpret them as attached to the end of defects. In the calculation of the amplitude, we not only have to integrate over the moduli space, we also have to sum over different defect configurations.Unitarity and other consistency conditions for chiral string amplitudes are checked. We found the graviton amplitude, the Virasoro amplitude, and also a special kind of amplitude that has one infinite spin tower. Similar kinds of amplitude have appeared in bootstrap literature. The more general N-point amplitude could be obtained from a modified KLT relation. The five-point chiral string amplitude is also explicitly calculated.
From angular coefficients to quantum observables: a phenomenological appraisal in di-boson systems
Authors: Grossi Michele , Pelliccioli Giovanni , Vicini Alessandro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Motivated by the growing interest in accessing the spin structure of multi-boson processes and in measuring quantum entanglement at high energies, we study polarisation and spin-correlation coefficients in di-boson systems. We show that higher-order corrections of QCD and electroweak type, off-shell modeling, and realistic effects such as fiducial selections and neutrino reconstruction are unavoidable to properly determine such coefficients, and consequently to provide a sound interpretation of observables sensitive to quantum entanglement and Bell-inequality violation. Our findings are based on a detailed phenomenological analysis of boson pairs at the LHC, either in inclusive electroweak production or coming from Higgs-boson decays.
Two-loop planar master integrals for NNLO QCD corrections to W-pair production in quark-antiquark annihilation
Authors: He Wen-Jie , Zhang Ren-You , Han Liang , Jiang Yi , Li Zhe , Wang Xiao-Feng , Li Shu-Xiang , Li Pan-Feng , Wang Qing-hai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The planar two-loop scalar Feynman integrals contributing to the massive NNLO QCD corrections for W-boson pair production via quark-antiquark annihilation can be classified into three family branches, each of which is reduced to a distinct set of master integrals (MIs), totaling 27, 45 and 15, respectively. These MIs are analytically calculated using the method of differential equations, with solutions expanded as Taylor series in the dimensional regulator ϵ. For the first two family branches, the differential systems can be successfully transformed into canonical form by adopting appropriate bases of MIs. This enables the MIs of these family branches to be expressed either as Goncharov polylogarithms (GPLs) or as one-fold integrals over GPLs, up to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(ϵ4). In contrast, the differential system for the third family branch can only be cast into a form linear in ϵ due to the presence of elliptic integrals. The solution to this linear-form differential system is expressed in an iterated form owing to the strictly lower-triangular structure of the coefficient matrices at ϵ = 0. Our analytic expressions for these MIs are verified with high accuracy against the numerical results from the AMFlow package.
Primordial gravitational waves as probe of dark matter in interferometer missions: Fisher forecast and MCMC
Authors: Ghoshal Anish , Paul Debarun , Pal Supratik 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We propose novel inflationary primordial gravitational wave (GW) spectral shapes at interferometer-based current and future GW missions to test dark matter (DM) production via gravity-portal. We consider three right-handed neutrinos (RHNs), required to generate Standard Model (SM) neutrino masses via seesaw mechanism, are produced via gravity-portal in early universe. The lightest among them is stable and is the DM candidate of the Universe. The other two RHNs decay and generate matter-antimatter asymmetry due to baryogenesis via leptogenesis. We find that future GW detectors BBO, DECIGO, ET, for instance, are able to probe DM mass for 5 × 106 GeV < MDM < 1.6 × 107 GeV with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) > 10, along with the observed amount of baryon asymmetry due to gravitational leptogenesis for heavy RHN mass $$ {M}_{\mathcal{N}} $$

M
N

to be around 8 × 1012 GeV. Employing Fisher matrix forecast analysis, we identify the parameter space involving non-minimal coupling to gravity ξ, reheating temperature of the Universe Trh and DM mass MDM where the GW detector-sensitivities will be the maximum with the least error, along with SNR > 10. Finally, utilizing mock data for each GW detector, we perform MCMC analysis to find out the combined constraints on the various microphysics parameters. We also explore production of other cosmological relics such as QCD axion relic as DM candidate, produced via gravity-portal in early universe. We find that ET, for instance, can probe the decay constant of such DM candidates (fa) as 109 GeV ≲ fa ≲ 1014 GeV for misalignment angle θi ∈ [0.1, π/$$ \sqrt{3} $$

3

] and ξ = 1 with SNR > 10, whereas this range decreases with the increase of non-minimal coupling. Thus the upcoming GW missions will be able to test such non-thermal DM and baryogenesis scenarios involving very high energy scales, which is otherwise impossible to reach in particle physics experiments in laboratories.
Event generation with Sherpa 3
Authors: Bothmann Enrico , Flower Lois , Gütschow Christian , Höche Stefan , Hoppe Mareen , Isaacson Joshua , Knobbe Max , Krauss Frank , Meinzinger Peter , Napoletano Davide , Price Alan , Reichelt Daniel , Schönherr Marek , Schumann Steffen , Siegert Frank 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sherpa is a general-purpose Monte Carlo event generator for the simulation of particle collisions in high-energy collider experiments. We summarise new developments, essential features, and ongoing improvements within the Sherpa 3 release series. Physics improvements include higher-order electroweak corrections, simulations of photoproduction and hard diffraction at NLO QCD, heavy-flavour matching in NLO multijet merging, spin-polarised cross section calculations, and a new model of colour reconnections. In addition, the modelling of hadronisation, the underlying event and QED effects in both production and decay has been improved, and the overall event generation efficiency has been enhanced.
Gravitational Poisson brackets at null infinity compatible with smooth superrotations
Authors: Campiglia Miguel , Sudhakar Adarsh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Superrotations are local extensions of the Lorentz group at null infinity that have been argued to be symmetries of gravitational scattering. In their smooth version, they can be identified with the group of diffeomorphisms on the celestial sphere. Their canonical realization requires treating the celestial metric as a variable in the gravitational phase space, along with the news and shear tensors. In this paper, we derive the resulting Poisson brackets (PB). The standard PB algebra of the news and shear tensors is augmented by distributional terms at the boundaries of null infinity, including novel PB relations between the celestial metric and the radiative variables.
Gravitational waves from high temperature strings
Authors: Frey Andrew R. , Mahanta Ratul , Maharana Anshuman , Quevedo Fernando , Villa Gonzalo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We study finite temperature effects in string cosmology and their potential gravitational wave signature. Expanding on our recent work [1], we consider a general configuration of highly excited open and closed strings at high enough temperature to be in the Hagedorn phase in 3+1 dimensions, in order to explore its cosmological implications. We find conditions, which can be satisfied in compactifications with moduli stabilization, that allow the long strings to remain in equilibrium in a controlled effective field theory, with equilibration driven by the joining and splitting of the dominant open string population. We calculate the emission rate of gravitons by long open strings, which we show is determined by ten dimensional flat space transition amplitudes available in the literature, and then find the total gravitational wave spectrum generated by the gas of long strings. The gravitational wave spectrum has robust characteristics. It peaks at frequencies of order 50-100 GHz, the same as for gravitational waves from the reheating epoch of the Standard Model. But the amplitude of the string signal is significantly larger than predicted by the Standard Model and its field theoretic extensions. The amplitude and other physical observables (such as the contribution to ∆Neff) are directly proportional to the string scale Ms; indicating that a potential signal may also determine the string scale. Our calculations provide one of the few examples of a signal of stringy origin that dominates over the field theory predictions. We give a physical explanation of our results and discuss further implications.