bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mothers' Experiences in Milk Management Out of the Hospital: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Yang Rui , Chen Danqi , Wang Hua , Xu Xinfen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHuman milk(HM) is important for the health and development of preterm infants. China’s neonatal intensive care units have adopted a closed management system of maternal–infant separation. A prerequisite for feeding human milk to preterm infants in hospitals is to have sufficient and safe human milk. Therefore, out-of-hospital human milk management is crucial. Little is known about mothers’ opinions on out-of-hospital human milk management. This study aimed to explore the experiences of Chinese mothers providing their newborns in the neonatal intensive care units with human milk expressed outside of the hospital.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 participants who transferred their human milk to the hospital human milk bank during the hospitalization of their preterm infants. This study adopted a qualitative research approach with thematic analysis.ResultsThree main themes were identified: 1) human milk management awareness; 2) lack of standardization regarding expressing, storing, and transporting expressed HM; and 3) external support. Theme 2 additionally has three sub-themes: I) differentiation of preparations before human milk expression; II) differentiation of devices for human milk expression; and III) insufficient knowledge and understanding.ConclusionsIn this study, all participants who received health education showed enthusiasm for participating in out-of-hospital human milk management. However, most participants had questions during the implementation process. Medical staff should provide professional and continuous external support to support mothers in implementing HM management.
Bright Ring Lattice Generated by Nesting Spiral-Pinhole-Arrays Plate
Authors: Li Wenren , Liu Pusheng , Liu Yidong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A nesting spiral-pinhole-arrays plate (NSP) is designed to produce bright ring lattice (BRL) formed by the superposition of two different orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. The OAM modes of the BRL can be manipulated by the propagation distance and the spiral arrays of the NSP. We have studied the influences of rotating NSP on the BRL, and found that the rotational angle and direction of the BRL are not consistent with the results of the NSP.
Clinical Relevance of Estrogen Reactivity in the Breast Cancer Microenvironment
Authors: Takeshita Takashi , Oshino Tomohiro , Tokumaru Yoshihisa , Oshi Masanori , Patel Ankit , Tian Wanqing , Hatanaka Yutaka , Hatanaka Kanako C , Yan Li , Takabe Kazuaki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Estrogen signals play an important role in the phenotype of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer (BC). However, comprehensive analyses of the effect of estrogen signals on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and treatment response in large cohorts of primary BC patients have been lacking. We aimed to test the hypothesis that estrogen reactivity effects gene expression and immune cell infiltration profiles in the TME and relates to response to chemotherapy (CT) and endocrine therapy (ET). Methods: A total of 3091 BC cases were analyzed; 1075 from TCGA cohort, 1904 from METABRIC cohort, and 112 from Hokkaido University hospital cohort. We divided the group into estrogen reactivity-high and estrogen reactivity-low groups utilizing estrogen response genes.Results: BC with high estrogen reactivity was related to Myc targets, Metabolism-related signaling, cell stress response, TGF-beta signaling, androgen response, and MTORC1 signaling gene sets in the TME. Low estrogen reactivity was related to immune-related proteins, IL2-STAT5 signaling, IL6-JAK-STAT3 signaling, KRAS signaling, cell cycle related gene sets, and EMT. In addition, BC with high levels of estrogen reactivity had low immune cytolytic activity, low levels of immunostimulatory cells, and high levels of immunosuppressive cells. It also had low levels of stimulatory and inhibitory factors of the cancer immunity cycle (CIC). Patients with high estrogen reactivity were also associated with a better prognosis. Regarding the effect of estrogen reactivity on treatment, patients who were treated with ET and CT but relapsed (BC with CT rec) were related with higher levels of E2F targets and G2M checkpoint, but lower levels of immunosuppressive M2 macrophages or Tregs cells. In addition, the TME in CT rec had higher levels of CIC regulators.Conclusions: We demonstrated the relationship between estrogen reactivity and the profiles of immune cells and gene expression within the TME, as well as the treatment effect of CT given in addition to ET.
Effect of Post-Exercise Sauna Bathing on Targeted Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier Function in Healthy Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Karolkiewicz Joanna , Nieman David C. , Cisoń Tomasz , Szurkowska Joanna , Gałęcka Mirosława , Sitkowski Dariusz , Szygula Zbigniew 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Body temperature fluctuations induced by acute exercise bouts may also influence the intestinal barrier with related effects on epithelial permeability, immune responses, and release of metabolites produced by the gut microbiota.To evaluate the combined influence of 4-weeks exercise training and post-exercise sauna treatments on gut bacteria and fungi, inflammation, and intestinal barrier function. Methods: Randomized, parallel group design with pre- and post-study measurements.Fifteen (15) untrained males aged 22±1.5 years were randomly assigned to exercise training (ET) with or without post-exercise sauna treatments (S). Participants in the group ET+S (n=8) exercised 60 minutes, 3 times per week, on a bicycle ergometer followed by a 30-minute dry Finish sauna treatment. The control group (ET, n=7) engaged in the same exercise training program without the sauna treatments. Blood and stool samples were collected before and after the 4-week training program. Blood samples were analysed for the concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and complete blood counts. Stool samples were analysed for pH, quantitative and qualitative measures of targeted bacteria and fungi, zonulin, and secretory immunoglobulin A. Group comparisons showed no significant differences for blood and stool sample measurements during the 4-week study.Results: Group comparisons showed no significant differences for blood and stool sample measurements during the 4-week study.Conclusions: The combination of 4-weeks exercise training and post-exercise sauna treatments did not have a measurable influence on targeted gut microbiota, intestinal barrier function, and inflammation biomarkers in young males compared to exercise training alone.
Inter- and Intrapopulational Heterogeneity of Characteristic Markers in Adult Human Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Windmöller Beatrice A. , Höving Anna L. , Greiner Johannes F.W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Adult human neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs) are found in a variety of adult tissues and show an extraordinary broad developmental potential. NCSCs are therefore promising candidates for applications in regenerative medicine, although increasing evidence suggest a remaining nichedependent variability between different NCSC-populations regarding their behavior and expression signatures. In the present study, we extended the view on heterogeneity of NCSCs by identifying heterogeneous expression levels and protein amounts of characteristic markers even between NCSCs from the same niche of origin. In particular, populations of neural crest-derived inferior turbinate stem cells (ITSCs) isolated from different individuals showed significant variations in characteristic NCSC marker proteins Nestin, S100 and Slug in a donor-dependent manner. Notably, increased nuclear protein amounts of Slug were accompanied by a significantly elevated level of nuclear NF-κB-p65 protein, suggesting an NF-κB-dependent regulation of NCSC-makers. In addition to this interpopulational genetic heterogeneity of ITSC-populations from different donors, single ITSCs also revealed a strong heterogeneity regarding the protein amounts of Nestin, S100, Slug and NF-κB-p65 even within the same clonal culture. Our present findings therefor strongly suggest ITSC-heterogeneity to be at least partly based on an interpopulational genetic heterogeneity dependent on the donor accompanied by a stochastic intrapopulational heterogeneity between single cells. We propose this stochastic intrapopulational heterogeneity to occur in addition to the already described genetic variability between clonal NCSC-cultures and the niche-dependent plasticity of NCSCs. Our observations offer a novel perspective on NCSC-heterogeneity, which may build the basis to understand heterogeneous NCSC-behavior and improve their clinical applicability.
Implications of Remote Monitoring Technology in Optimizing Traditional Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Adults with T2DM in primary care
Authors: Montero Alex R. , Tobon David Toro , Gann Kelly , Nassar Carine M. , Youssef Gretchen A. , Magee Michelle F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) has been shown to reduce hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C). Accordingly, guidelines recommend SMBG up to 4-10 times daily for adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on insulin. For persons not on insulin, recommendations are equivocal. Newer technology-enabled blood glucose monitoring (BGM) devices can facilitate remote monitoring of glycemic data. New evidence generated by remote BGM may help to guide best practices for frequency and timing of finger-stick blood glucose (FSBG) monitoring in uncontrolled T2DM patients managed in primary care settings. Objective: To evaluate the impact of SMBG utility and frequency on glycemic outcomes using a novel BGM system which auto-transfers near real-time FSBG data to a cloud-based dashboard using cellular networks.Design: Secondary analysis of the intervention arm of a comparative non-randomized trial with propensity-matched chart controls.Participants: Adults with T2DM and HbA1C >9% receiving care in five primary care practices in a healthcare system. Interventions: Participation in a 3-month diabetes boot camp (DBC) using telemedicine and a novel BGM to support comprehensive diabetes care management. Main Measures: The primary independent variable was frequency of FSBG. Secondary outcomes included frequency of FSBG by insulin status, distribution of FSBG checks by time of day, and hypoglycemia rates.
Effectiveness and efficiency of leadership, management, and governance trainings in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Muktar Sualiha Abdlkader , Desta Binyam Fekadu , Abera Wondwosen Shiferaw , Demissie Heran , Argaw Mesele Damte 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives

Leadership, management, and governance (LMG) trainings are implemented to capacitate managers and clinical healthcare providers in several countries. However, there is no evidence gathered on effectiveness and efficiency of LMG trainings in low-income countries. Hence, this study aims to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of basic LMG trainings implemented in Ethiopia.
Results

In the study, the results training evaluations of 293 health workers with a 100.0% response rate is presented. In addition, data on 136 leadership project achievements and financial documents are reviewed. The mean pretest score with SD was 44.97% ± 15.50%, and the post-test score was 78.11% ± 14.22%, which showed a significant gains in knowledge at post-test with t=-35.99, df = 292, p < 0.001. The average net health service coverage gain by each entity was 16.55% (95% CI: 12.26%, 20.84%). The majority of LMG trainings were found to be effective in imparting knowledge and skills for staff to lead, manage and govern primary health entities. Moreover, the trainings were efficient in regards to time, communication, and resources utilized during the sessions. The trainings had a synergetic effect in strengthening health system components in the low-income country of Ethiopia.
Longevity traits of Shami and Holstein Cows in Syria
Authors: Almasri Obaida Abdel Kareem , Abou-Bakr Samy , Ibrahim Mohammed A. M. , Awad Mohamed A. A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This research aimed to study the effect of age at first calving (AFC) and first lactation milk yield (FLMY) on the longevity traits of Shami and Holstein cows under the Syrian environment and estimate longevity traits for both breeds. The complete records from birth to voluntary culling were collected for 569 Shami cows and 1699 Holstein cows during the period from 1982 to 2014 at two experimental stations, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Syria. Data were analyzed using the General Linear Model (XLSTAT, 2020). The least square means of lifespan (LS), productive life (PL), a number of calvings (NC), lifetime milk production (LMP), and lifetime daily milk production (LDMP) were 93.7±0.14 months, 63.2±34 months, 4.2±0.14, 7683±0.14 kg, 2.6±0.14 kg for Shami cows, respectively. The corresponding values for Holstein cows were: 61.9±0.14 months, 31.6±34 months, 2.6±0.14, 10246±0.14 kg, 4.4±0.14 kg, respectively. The effect of AFC was significant on all studied traits except LS trait. Whereas, FLMY effect was significant only on LMP and LDMP traits. It was concluded that Shami cows had longer LS, PL, NC traits than Holstein ones, but their LMP and DLMY were lower. Reduction of AFC for Shami and Holstein cows to less than or equals to 25 months could be a proper management policy to improve each of PL, NC, LMP and LDMY. FLMY was found as an indicator for LMP and LDMY of Shami and Holstein cows.
Dependence of Magnetic Properties with Structural/Microstructural Parameters of Ball-milled Fe15Co2P3 Powder Mixture
Authors: BERKANI Hanane , SIAB Rachid , TEBIB Wassila , REDOUANI Locif , BOUKEFFA Saida , BOUOUDINA Mohamed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This research work aims to investigate the mechanically alloyed Fe15Co2P3. Parametric Rietveld refinement method, of the obtained X-ray patterns, was performed for qualitative and quantitative phase analysis, structural, microstructural and mechanical properties. The ball-milled powder mixture crystallized within the face-centred cubic α-Fe(P) solid solution in equilibrium with Co75Fe25 phase. The crystallite size decreases reaching 100 and 200 nm respectively after 3h of milling. The highest values of the dislocation density, microstain and stored energy are registered for the α-Fe(P) solid solution. The studied mechanical properties manifest the brittle nature of the α-Fe(P) solid solution compared to the Co75Fe25 phase. The squareness ratio Mr/Ms and the coercivity values of the milled powders increase with increasing milling time and reach steady state after 2 h. The hysteresis loss energy and maximum permeability reach minimal values of 45*10− 4 W/m3 and 49*10− 3 H/m respectively, after 1 h of milling at the opposite of the switching field distribution.
Rapid assessments to differentiate dementia using plasma biomarkers in primary care: a case control study
Authors: Tsai Ping-Huang , Hsu Li-Cho , Tsao Hsuan-Ming , Yang Shieh-Yueh , Chen Kuen-Lin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe aging of society has increased the incidence of dementia, which is more common among older individuals. Older individuals are typically cared for by primary care providers in hospitals. However, more than 60% of patients with early-stage dementia are unrecognized in primary care. Several groups have developed dementia screening tools for primary care purposes. In this work, assessments based on plasma biomarkers for differentiating among various types of dementia were developed for primary care applications.MethodsForty-six patients with very mild dementia (VMD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), fifty patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and four patients with non-AD dementia were enrolled. Plasma amyloid-beta 1–40 (Aβ1 − 40), Aβ1 − 42, total Tau (T-Tau), and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau181) were assayed using immunomagnetic reduction for each subject.ResultsThe results show that non-AD dementia can be discriminated from other forms of dementia using plasma Aβ1 − 40, with a cutoff value of 50.03 pg/ml resulting in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.794. The plasma Aβ1 − 42-to-Aβ1 − 40 ratio can serve as an index for discriminating AD from VMD and MCI, with a cutoff value of 0.3015 resulting in an AUC of 0.674.ConclusionsA biomarker panel measuring the levels of plasma Aβ1 − 40 and the ratio of Aβ1 − 42 to Aβ1 − 40 could potentially assist primary care practitioners in evaluating whether a patient suffers from non-AD dementia, AD, or VMD and MCI.Trial registrationThe research was approved by the IRB of NYCUH (IRB No.2017A033 and No. 2018A004).
Phase II study of daily S-1 combined with weekly irinotecan in previously treated patients with advanced or recurrent squamous cell lung cancer: North Japan Lung Cancer Group 1101 (NJLCG1101)
Authors: Kawashima Yosuke , Ishimoto Osamu , Miyauchi Eisaku , Sakakibara Tomohiro , Harada Toshiyuki , Usui Kazuhiro , Inoue Akira , Sugawara Shunichi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose

This phase II study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of S-1 combined with weekly irinotecan as second- or third-line treatment for patients with advanced or recurrent squamous cell lung cancer.
Methods

Patients received oral S-1 on days 1–14 at 80 mg/day for patients with a body surface area of < 1.25 m2, 100 mg/day for patients with a body surface area of 1.25–1.5 m2, and 120 mg/day for patients with a body surface area of > 1.5 m2 and irinotecan (70 mg/m2) on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was overall response rate, and the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, overall survival, and the frequency and the degree of adverse effects. The trial was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry, number UMIN000006065.
Results

Between September 2011 and December 2014, 30 patients were enrolled in this study. The overall response rate was 6.7% (95% CI 0.8–22.1) and the disease control rate was 73.3%. The median progression-free survival was 3.0 months (95% CI 2.5–3.4) and median overall survival was 10.5 months (95% CI 5.6–13.7). Grade 3 or 4 treatment-related toxicities were reported in ≥ 10% of patients including leukopenia (21%), neutropenia (21%), anemia (17%), anorexia (10%), and hypokalemia (10%).
Conclusion

Adding weekly irinotecan to S-1 did not show the expected effect though toxicities were manageable.
Midkine Ameliorates the LPS-Induced Apoptosis of Airway Smooth Muscle Cells Through the Notch2 Pathway
Authors: Qifeng Huang , Tang Deng , Lihua Li , Jin Qian , Qi Li , Kaiwen Lin , Dongmei Sun , Shuangqin Xu , Hangfei Wang , Xinxin Wu , Yuantian Sun , Xiaoran Liu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) produce several cytokines during inflammation, causing changes in extracellular matrix components, leading to airway remodeling. Midkine (MK) promotes the chemotaxis of inflammatory cells and releases proinflammatory factors. Whether Notch and Midkine jointly affect the proliferation and apoptosis of ASMCs is unknown. This research aimed to study the role of MK in ASMCs using an LPS-induced acute lung injury model.Methods: ASMCs were cultured in vitro and divided into five groups according to treatment: control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), non-target siRNA, MK siRNA, and g-secretase inhibitor LY411575. Cell proliferation was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Changes in the levels of cytokines related to the MK/Notch2 signaling pathway were detected by Western blotting, qPCR, and immunofluorescence.Results: LPS increased the mRNA and protein expression of MK and Notch2. MK silencing and LY411575 reduced this effect. LPS reduced the viability and increased the rate of apoptosis of ASMCs. This effect was attenuated by exogenous MK and enhanced by MK silencing and LY411575 treatment.Conclusions: The MK/Notch2 signaling pathway plays a regulatory role in ASMC proliferation and apoptosis in airway inflammation.
Resilient Mechanism in Learning Modern Physics: A Grounded Theory
Authors: Mercado Justine C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Higher Education Institutions shifted from the traditional face-to-face delivery of instruction to online classes to cope with the situation we are in right now, the global pandemic COVID-19. This shift in the educational landscape sustains the continuity of the teaching and learning process, and this change led the students to new experiences and perceptions towards learning Physics. This qualitative study used Active Interviewing and followed a Straussian grounded theory design to collect and code interview data to identify emergent themes and generate a theory. The research participants exposed four emergent themes and the main category regarding their experiences and perceptions in Learning Modern Physics in an Online Class. "Students' Resilient Mechanism in Learning Modern Physics" emerged as the core category, and the entailedfour4 essential themes were: (1) Positive Outlook towards Learning Modern Physics Online, (2) Challenge to Overcome, (3) Efforts to address challenges, and (4) Adaptation to the online learning of Modern Physics. The grounded theory of Positivity-Persistence-Adaptation: Students' Resilient Mechanism in learning modern physics in the new normal of delivering instruction reveals that in this trying time, students are trying to be optimistic towards learning (Positivity), manage to adapt to changes and challenges (Adaptation) and keep the determination in this trying time to sustain and continue learning during this time of pandemic (Persistence). In summary, the theory highlights students' positive attitudes as they continue the quest to learn modern physics in this new normal educational setup. Students' persistence towards learning in this time of pandemic is very important since this is a propelling mechanism that will enable learners to succeed in their learning and studies despite the challenges they are facing.