bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Methodology for Identifying Mild Cognitive Impairment in Intellectually High-Functioning Adults Using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery
Authors: Iverson Grant L. , Karr Justin E. 
Published: September 2021

Objective: Low scores on neuropsychological tests are considered objective evidence of mild cognitive impairment. In clinical practice and research, it can be challenging to identify a cognitive deficit or mild cognitive impairment in high-functioning people because they are much less likely to obtain low test scores. This study was designed to improve the methodology for identifying mild cognitive impairment in adults who have above average or superior intellectual abilities.Method: Participants completed the National Institutes of Health Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB). The sample included 384 adults between the ages of 20 and 85 who had completed either a 4-year college degree or who scored in the above average, superior, or very superior range on a measure of intellectual functioning, the Crystallized Composite score. Algorithms were developed, based on the absence of high scores and the presence of low scores, for identifying mild cognitive impairment.Results: Base rate tables for the presence of low scores and the absence of high scores are provided. The base rate for people with high average crystalized ability obtaining any one of the following, 5 scores &lt;63rd percentile, or 4+ scores &lt;50th percentile, or 3+ scores ≤ 25th percentile, or 2+ scores ≤ 16th percentile, is 15.5%.Conclusions: Algorithms were developed for identifying cognitive weakness or impairment in high-functioning people. Research is needed to test them in clinical groups, and to assess their association with clinical risk factors for cognitive decline and biomarkers of acquired neurological or neurodegenerative diseases.
Effect of Deliberate Hypotension on Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation During Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Ling , Yu Yang , Xue Juan , Lei Weiping , Huang Yaqin , Li Yong , Sun Jianliang 
Published: September 2021

Background: Deliberate hypotension can reduce bleeding and improve visualization of the surgical field during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). However, hypotension may cause brain hypoperfusion and subsequent ischemic injuries, such as delayed awakening, stroke, postoperative delirium, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used to monitor real-time regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) levels to estimate brain perfusion. The present study aimed to evaluate the change in rSO2 induced by deliberate hypotension during FESS, and assess the impact of deliberate hypotension on the surgical process.Material and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was registered with the Chinese clinical trial registry (ChiCTR2000039846). A total of 40 patients were enrolled and randomly divided into the control and intervention groups, and finally, 39 patients were analyzed. Deliberate hypotension was induced in the intervention group using nicardipine and esmolol, whereas the control group received general anesthesia without deliberate hypotension. We recorded mean arterial pressure (MAP), saturation of pulse oximetry (SpO2), rSO2, and heart rate (HR) before induction of anesthesia (T0), immediately after induction of anesthesia (T1), at the beginning of the operation (corresponding with the establishment of deliberate hypotension) (T2), 10 min (T3) and 20 min (T4) after the operation began, at the end of the operation (corresponding with the end of deliberate hypotension) (T5), and 5 min (T6) and 15 min (T7) after the operation. The partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2) was recorded at T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6. The duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, tracheal extubation time, and the number of patients that experienced cerebral desaturation events (CDEs) were recorded. The surgical field was estimated postoperation based on the Fromme score.Results: A 30% decrease from the baseline MAP resulted in a decrease of intraoperative bleeding, improvement in the quality of the surgical field, and the shortening of the duration of surgery during FESS in the intervention group compared with the control group. In addition, rSO2 was reduced and no CDEs were experienced in the intervention group. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a correlation between the decline in rSO2 and that in MAP.Conclusions: A decrease in MAP to a certain level will cause a decrease of rSO2 in patients undergoing FESS under general anesthesia. Based on our findings, we recommend that the deliberate hypotensive target indicated by MAP be reduced by 30%, while PetCO2 is maintained at 35–40 mmHg and HR is maintained at about 60 beats per minute during FESS.
Biomechanical Evaluation of the Transcortical and Transpedicular Trajectories for Pedicle Screw Insertion in Thoracolumbar Fracture Fixation for Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Tong Zhizhong , Xiao Bin , Yan Kai , Xing Yonggang , Zhang Yanbin 
Published: September 2021

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic disorder characterized by an imbalance between bone formation and resorption. Spinal fractures often occur after minor trauma in patients with AS. For thoracolumbar fractures, transpedicular screw (TPS) fixation through the posterior approach has been suggested. The cortical bone trajectory (CBT) technique has also been used to prevent screw pull-out in patients with poor bone quality. The aim of current study was to assess the biomechanical characteristics of the TPS and CBT technique in thoracolumbar AS fracture fixation by finite element analysis.Methods: The three-dimensional finite element models of the AS spine were created. The CBT and TPS methods of screw insertion were used in AS spinal fracture models. An intact AS spine model was considered the control. An axial force and torsion in rotation, flexion/extension and lateral flexion were applied in all models in CBT, TPS, and control groups.Results: The AS spine showed similar construct stiffness after posterior fixation by CBT and TPS techniques under axial, rotational, and flexion/extension loading conditions. The TPS technique showed better intact stability under all loading conditions. Similarly, the TPS technique provided superior fracture regional stability against axial and rotational loads than did the CBT technique. The maximum von Mises stresses were 1714.4 ± 129.8 MPa and 1208.7 ± 107.3 MPa (p &lt; 0.001), which occurred in the CBT and TPS groups under compressive loading.Conclusions: The TPS technique provides better biomechanical strength under axial, rotational, flexion/extension, and lateral flexion loading than does the CBT technique. Compared with CBT, TPS is more effective in maintaining the stability of AS thoracolumbar fractures from a finite element analysis perspective.
Realidade virtual na reabilitação motora da Doença de Parkinson: revisão integrativa
Authors: Nunes da Conceição Haylane , Da Silva  Medeiros Joelson , Farias de Carvalho Daniela 
Published: September 2021

Introdução. A realidade virtual é uma ferramenta tecnológica utilizada no protocolo fisioterapêutico de reabilitação, sendo uma opção de tratamento para os indivíduos acometidos pela Doença de Parkinson (DP). Objetivo. Abordar as contribuições da realidade virtual na reabilitação das alterações motoras da Doença de Parkinson. Método. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, realizada nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde (MEDLINE), via Pubmed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) e Scientifc Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), utilizando os descritores Parkinson Disease e Virtual Reality, combinados com operador booleano AND. Foram incluídos artigos completos, publicados entre 2012 a 2020 e disponíveis no idioma inglês, sendo excluídos os artigos de revisões, teses, artigos duplicados e os estudos que não abordavam a utilização da realidade virtual na reabilitação da DP. Após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, foram selecionados 12 artigos. Resultados. A partir dos estudos incluídos, pôde-se observar que a realidade virtual, através de jogos comerciais e personalizados, contribui positivamente para um melhor desempenho motor dos pacientes com DP, sendo utilizada no tratamento dos padrões anormais da marcha, nas alterações na mobilidade funcional, nos déficits de equilíbrio, nos distúrbios da função motora e para o aumento da força muscular desses indivíduos. Conclusão. A realidade virtual é uma ferramenta potencialmente eficaz no processo de reabilitação das alterações motoras dos pacientes com DP, apresentando, em alguns casos, resultados superiores ou igualmente satisfatórios aos das intervenções fisioterapêuticas tradicionais.
PERBAIKAN KUALITAS PADA PRODUKSI GENTONG MENGGUNAKAN METODE SEVEN TOOLS (Studi Kasus : Home Industry Bapak Ojid)
Authors: Astuti Fidiyya , Wahyudin Wahyudin 
Published: September 2021

Pengendalian kualitas dalam sebuah home industry semakin dilupakan oleh para pemilik home industry, hal ini terjadi karena upaya-upaya perbaikan sistem kerja dianggap cukup sulit untuk diimplementasikan. Padahal, perbaikan inilah yang berguna untuk meningkatkan kualitas, baik kualitas sistem kerja maupun kualitas produk. Upaya perbaikan sistem kerja dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas produk gentong ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode seven tools, dengan memperhatikan aspek-aspek 5M+1E (man, money, machine, method, material, dan environment). Karakteristik cacat produk pada produk g entong yang sering terjadi di tempat ini adalah cacat pada saat penyimpanan produk, pada saar pengeringan, dan pada saat pembakaran. Jumlah cacat produk pada sepuluh hari produksi adalah 32 produk dengan persentasi kumulatif sebanyak 5%. Setelah dilakukan analisa, maka perbaikan yang dapat dilakukan meliputi perbaikan manusia, mesin, material, dan metode.
Lectotypification of five names in the genus Blumea (Asteraceae)
Authors: Dilsha M. V.  , Satheesh George  
Published: September 2021

The lectotypification of five names in the genus Blumea (Asteracea): Blumea glomerata DC., B. pterodonta DC., B. hamiltonii DC., Blumea arenaria DC. and Blumea virens DC., is discussed and lectotypes designated.
You ‘Sau’ Me! A new species and a rediscovery in the genus Saurauia (Actinidiaceae) from Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao Island, Philippines
Authors: Mazo Kean Roe F. , Mansibang Jayson A. , Aribal Lowell G. , Tamayo Maverick N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. A new species and a rediscovery in the genus Saurauia (Actinidiaceae) from Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao island, Philippines are presented here. The new species, Saurauia abbreviata, closely resembles Saurauia lanaensis Merr. but can be differentiated by having longer petioles, uniformly setose adaxial leaf surface, longer and wider leaves, more lateral veins, 3 styles, and a 3(–4)-locular ovary. This discovery raises the current number of recognized Saurauia in the Philippines to 57 following an 87-year gap in the taxonomic study of this genus in the country. S. longipedicellata Merr. is also rediscovered after almost a century. A lectotype is here assigned for this name selected among the syntypes. Photographs, ecological notes, and an amended description are also provided to aid taxonomic identification.

Abstrak. Usa ka bag-ong species ug nadiskobrehan pag-usab sa genus nga Saurauia (Actinidiaceae) gikan sa Zamboanga Peninsula, isla sa Mindanao, Philippines ang gipresentar dinhi. Ang bag-ong species, Saurauia abbreviata, nahisama pag-ayo sa Saurauia lanaensis Merr. apan ang bag-ong species adunay labi ka taas nga mga petioles, uniformly setose ang ilalom nga dahon, mas taas ug mas lapad nga dahon, labi pang mga lateral veins, 3 styles, ug 3(–4)-locular nga obaryo. Ang nadiskobrehan nagdugang sa kadaghanon sa mga giila nga Saurauia sa Pilipinas ngadto sa 57 human sa 87 ka tuig nga gintang sa taxonomic nga pagtuon sa kini nga genus sa nasud. Ang Saurauia longipedicellata Merr. nadiskobrehan usab pagkahuman sa hapit usa ka gatus ka tuig. Ang tipipikasyon gihimo dinhi aron mapalig-og ang ngalan. Mga litrato, mga notang ekolohikal, ug giusab nga hulagway alang sa maong species makita usab dinhi.
Decreased preparatory activation and inattention to cues suggest lower activation of proactive cognitive control among high procrastinating students
Authors: Wiwatowska Ewa , Czajeczny Dominik , Michałowski Jarosław M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProcrastination is a voluntary delay in completing an important task while being aware that this behavior may lead to negative outcomes. It has been shown that an increased tendency to procrastinate is associated with deficits in some aspects of cognitive control. However, none of the previous studies investigated these dysfunctions through the lenses of the Dual Mechanisms Framework, which differentiates proactive and reactive modes of control. The present study was designed to fill this gap, using behavioral and neurophysiological assessment during the completion of the AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT) by high (HP) and low (LP) procrastinating students (N = 139). Behavioral results indicated that HP (vs. LP) were characterized by increased attentional fluctuations (higher reaction time variability) and reduction in some indices of proactive cognitive control (lower d’-context and A-cue bias, but similar PBIs). Furthermore, the neurophysiological data showed that HP, compared with LP, allocated less attentional resources (lower P3b) to cues that help to predict the correct responses to upcoming probes. They also responded with reduced preparatory activity (smaller CNV) after cues presentation. The two groups did not differ in neural responses linked to conflict detection and inhibition (similar N2 and P3a). Obtained findings indicate that HP might present deficits in some cognitive functions that are essential for effective proactive control engagement, along with preserved levels of reactive cognitive control. In the present paper, we discuss the potential neural and cognitive mechanisms responsible for the observed effects.
Dissecting the Strong-lensing Galaxy Cluster MS 0440.5+0204. II. New Optical Spectroscopic Observations in a Wider Area and Cluster Dynamical State
Authors: Carrasco Eleazar R. , Verdugo Tomás , Motta Verónica , Foëx Gael , Ellingson E. , Gomez Percy L. , Falco Emilio , Limousin Marceau 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present an optical study of the strong-lensing galaxy cluster MS 0440.5+0204 at z = 0.19593, based on CFHT/MegaCam g′, r′ photometry and GMOS/Gemini and CFHT/MOS/SIS spectroscopy in a broader area than previous works. We have determined new spectroscopic redshifts for the most prominent gravitational arcs surrounding the central galaxy in the cluster. The new redshifts and the information provided by the photometric catalog allow us to perform a detailed weak- and strong-lensing mass reconstruction of the cluster. The large number of member galaxies and the area covered by our observations allow us to estimate more accurately the velocity dispersion and mass of the cluster and to examine in detail the nature of the cluster and surrounding structures. The dynamical mass is in good agreement with the mass inferred from the lensing analysis and X-ray estimates. About 68% of the galaxies are located in the inner ≲0.86

h

70

−
1

Mpc region of the cluster. The galaxy redshift distribution in the inner region of the cluster shows a complex structure with at least three substructures along the line of sight. Other substructures are also identified in the galaxy density map and in the weak-lensing mass map. The member galaxies in the northeast overdensity are distributed in a filament between the clusters MS 0440.5+0204 and ZwCL 0441.1+0211, suggesting that these two structures might be connected. MS 0440.5+0204 appears to be dynamically active, with a cluster core that is likely experiencing a merging process, and with other nearby groups at projected distances of ≲1

h

70

−
1

Mpc that could be being accreted by the cluster.
A Global Numerical Model of the Prompt Emission in Short Gamma-ray Bursts
Authors: Ito Hirotaka , Just Oliver , Takei Yuki , Nagataki Shigehiro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present the first global model of prompt emission from a short gamma-ray burst (GRB) that consistently describes the evolution of the central black hole (BH) torus system, the propagation of the jet through multicomponent merger ejecta, the transition into free expansion, and the photospheric emission from the relativistic jet. To this end, we perform a special relativistic neutrino-hydrodynamics simulation of a viscous BH-torus system, which is formed about 500 ms after the merger and is surrounded by dynamical ejecta as well as neutron star winds, along with a jet that is injected in the vicinity of the central BH. In a postprocessing step, we compute the photospheric emission using a relativistic Monte Carlo radiative transfer code. It is found that the wind from the torus leaves a strong imprint on the jet as well as on the emission, causing narrow collimation and rapid time variability. The dependence of the emission on viewing angle gives rise to correlations among the spectral peak energy, E

p
, isotropic energy, E
iso, and peak luminosity, L

p
, which may provide natural explanations for the Amati and Yonetoku relations. We also find that the degree of polarization is small for emission from the jet core (≲2%), while it tends to increase with viewing angle outside the core and can become as high as ∼10%–40% for energies larger than the peak energy. Finally, the comparison of our model with GRB 170817A strongly disfavors the photospheric emission scenario and therefore supports alternative scenarios, such as cocoon shock breakout.
Period Bouncer Cataclysmic Variable EZ Lyn in Quiescence
Authors: Amantayeva A. , Zharikov S. , Page K. L. , Pavlenko E. , Sosnovskij A. , Khokhlov S. , Ibraimov M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We report the study of the accretion disk structure of the period bouncer cataclysmic variable EZ Lyn (SDSS J080434.20+510349.2) in quiescence based on our new time-resolved photometric and spectroscopic observations and data extracted from archives. The object magnitude now is V = 17.95(5), close to its brightest before the first superoutburst in 2006. We confirmed the presence of the small eclipse in the optical light curve. The spectra obtained in quiescence at different epochs look similar. However, the contribution of the disk and intensities of emission lines are strongly varied. We singled out pure accretion disk spectra and found that the Balmer decrement Hα:Hβ:Hγ:Hδ = 1.61:1.0:0.76:0.59 is comparable with one at bright accretion disks in longer period cataclysmic variables. The decrement suggests that emission lines are excited collisionally in an optical thin part of the disk with average density and temperature of logN
0 = 12.5(2) and T = (10–15) × 103 K. Based on the photometric data and our modeling techniques, we redetermined the mass of M
WD = 0.85(1) M
⊙ and the current effective temperature T
WD,eff = 11,250(50) K of the white dwarf. The secondary has mass of M
2 = 0.042(14) M
⊙. The system inclination is 79.0°(2). The mass accretion rate is about

M

̇

≈
(
0.3
–
3.0
)
×

10

−
12

M

⊙

yr−1. The disk luminosity, together with results from light-curve modeling, suggests a low effective temperature ∼2500 K of the continuum emitting region, where also the spiral arm pattern is hosted.
NOEMA Observations of CO Emission in Arp 142 and Arp 238
Authors: Xu C. K. , Lisenfeld U. , Gao Y. , Renaud F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Previous studies have shown significant differences in the enhancement of the star formation rate (SFR) and star formation efficiency (SFE = SFR/M
mol) between spiral–spiral and spiral–elliptical mergers. In order to shed light on the physical mechanism of these differences, we present NOEMA observations of the molecular gas distribution and kinematics (linear resolutions of ∼2 kpc) in two representative close major-merger star-forming pairs: the spiral–elliptical pair Arp 142 and the spiral–spiral pair Arp 238. The CO in Arp 142 is widely distributed over a highly distorted disk without any nuclear concentration, and an off-center ringlike structure is discovered in channel maps. The SFE varies significantly within Arp 142, with a starburst region (region 1) near the eastern tip of the distorted disk showing an SFE ∼ 0.3 dex above the mean of the control sample of isolated galaxies and the SFE of the main disk (region 4) 0.43 dex lower than the mean of the control sample. In contrast, the CO emission in Arp 238 is detected only in two compact sources at the galactic centers. Compared to the control sample, Arp 238-E shows an SFE enhancement of more than 1 dex, whereas Arp 238-W has an enhancement of ∼0.7 dex. We suggest that the extended CO distribution and large SFE variation in Arp 142 are due to an expanding large-scale ring triggered by a recent high-speed head-on collision between the spiral galaxy and the elliptical galaxy, and the compact CO sources with high SFEs in Arp 238 are associated with nuclear starbursts induced by gravitational tidal torques in a low-speed coplanar interaction.
The Radius of PSR J0740+6620 from NICER and XMM-Newton Data
Authors: Miller M. C. , Lamb F. K. , Dittmann A. J. , Bogdanov S. , Arzoumanian Z. , Gendreau K. C. , Guillot S. , Ho W. C. G. , Lattimer J. M. , Loewenstein M. , Morsink S. M. , Ray P. S. , Wolff M. T. , Baker C. L. , Cazeau T. , Manthripragada S. , Markwardt C. B. , Okajima T. , Pollard S. , Cognard I. , Cromartie H. T. , Fonseca E. , Guillemot L. , Kerr M. , Parthasarathy A. , Pennucci T. T. , Ransom S. , Stairs I. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
PSR J0740+6620 has a gravitational mass of 2.08 ± 0.07 M
⊙, which is the highest reliably determined mass of any neutron star. As a result, a measurement of its radius will provide unique insight into the properties of neutron star core matter at high densities. Here we report a radius measurement based on fits of rotating hot spot patterns to Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) and X-ray Multi-Mirror (XMM-Newton) X-ray observations. We find that the equatorial circumferential radius of PSR J0740+6620 is

13.7

−
1.5

+
2.6

km (68%). We apply our measurement, combined with the previous NICER mass and radius measurement of PSR J0030+0451, the masses of two other ∼2 M
⊙ pulsars, and the tidal deformability constraints from two gravitational wave events, to three different frameworks for equation-of-state modeling, and find consistent results at ∼1.5–5 times nuclear saturation density. For a given framework, when all measurements are included, the radius of a 1.4 M
⊙ neutron star is known to ±4% (68% credibility) and the radius of a 2.08 M
⊙ neutron star is known to ±5%. The full radius range that spans the ±1σ credible intervals of all the radius estimates in the three frameworks is 12.45 ± 0.65 km for a 1.4 M
⊙ neutron star and 12.35 ± 0.75 km for a 2.08 M
⊙ neutron star.