bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variability in the diet and feeding ecology of black‐and‐white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) in Ranomafana National Park, southeastern Madagascar
Authors: Beeby Nina , Baden Andrea L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe characterized the diet and foraging ecology of the black‐and‐white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata), a specialized frugivore, and investigated behavioral strategies exhibited in response to seasonal changes in resource availability.Materials and MethodsBehavioral data were collected from the same two adjacent communities across 29 months during two observation periods (2007–2008; 2017–2018) in Mangevo, a primary rainforest habitat in southeastern Madagascar. To analyze feeding in the context of energy maximization versus time minimization strategies, we used nonparametric tests to compare plant part constituents, dietary diversity, activity budgets, and canopy strata use between fruit‐abundant versus fruit‐lean seasons.ResultsIndividuals dedicated ~30% of their time to feeding year‐round, mostly in the middle canopy (11–20 m). Animals fed primarily on fruits (74% of diet), but frugivory decreased and folivory increased markedly during fruit‐lean seasons. Abundant season dietary diversity (98 taxa,H′ = 0.71–1.37) was greater than lean season diversity (70 taxa,H′ = 0.56–1.06), which coincided with less traveling, more resting, and higher canopy use—though interannual variation was observed.ConclusionsHerein, we describe behavioral and dietary patterns that are concordant with a time minimizing behavioral strategy. Black‐and‐white ruffed lemur diets comprised lower taxonomic diversity, fewer fruits, and more leaves during fruit‐lean months. Further, shifts toward less travel, more resting, and greater use of higher canopy levels during this time were most likely for thermoregulatory benefits.
Association between plasma complement factor H concentration and clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis
Authors: Shimizu Junji , Fujino Kazunori , Sawai Toshihiro , Tsujita Yasuyuki , Tabata Takahisa , Eguchi Yutaka 
Published: January 2021

AimThe complement system is important for defending against pathogens, however, excessive complement activation is associated with a poor prognosis and organ dysfunction in sepsis. Complement factor H (CFH) acts to prevent excessive complement activation and damage to the self through the regulation of the complement alternative pathway. We investigated the association between plasma CFH levels on admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and 90‐day mortality, severity scores, and organ dysfunction in patients with sepsis.MethodsWe assessed the relationship between the plasma CFH on admission to the ICU and 90‐day mortality, severity scores such as the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and Simplified Acute Physiology Score 2, and organ dysfunction.ResultsThis analysis included 62 patients. The plasma CFH levels were significantly lower in 90‐day non‐survivors than in survivors (70.0 μg/mL [interquartile range, 51.2–97.6] versus 104.8 μg/mL [interquartile range, 66.8–124.2]; P = 0.006) . The plasma CFH levels were associated with 90‐day mortality (odds ratio 0.977; 95% confidence interval, 0.957–0.994; P = 0.01). The plasma CFH levels were negatively correlated with severity scores. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores for the coagulation and neurological components were negatively correlated with the CFH concentration.ConclusionLower plasma levels of CFH were associated with increased severity and mortality in patients with sepsis on admission to the ICU and were correlated with central nervous system dysfunction and coagulopathy.
Enhanced Catalysis under 2D Silica: A CO Oxidation Study
Authors: Eads Calley N. , Boscoboinik J. Anibal , Head Ashley R. , Hunt Adrian , Waluyo Iradwikanari , Stacchiola Dario J. , Tenney Samuel A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInterfacially confined microenvironments have recently gained attention in catalysis, as they can be used to modulate reaction chemistry. The emergence of a 2D nanospace at the interface between a 2D material and its support can promote varying kinetic and energetic schemes based on molecular level confinement effects imposed in this reduced volume. We report on the use of a 2D oxide cover, bilayer silica, on catalytically active Pd(111) undergoing the CO oxidation reaction. We “uncover” mechanistic insights about the structure–activity relationship with and without a 2D silica overlayer using in situ IR and X‐ray spectroscopy and mass spectrometry methods. We find that the CO oxidation reaction on Pd(111) benefits from confinement effects imposed on surface adsorbates under 2D silica. This interaction results in a lower and more dispersed coverage of CO adsorbates with restricted CO adsorption geometries, which promote oxygen adsorption and lay the foundation for the formation of a reactive surface oxide that produces higher CO2 formation rates than Pd alone.
Sterilizing Immunity against SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection in Mice by a Single‐Shot and Lipid Amphiphile Imidazoquinoline TLR7/8 Agonist‐Adjuvanted Recombinant Spike Protein Vaccine**
Authors: Jangra Sonia , De Vrieze Jana , Choi Angela , Rathnasinghe Raveen , Laghlali Gabriel , Uvyn Annemiek , Van Herck Simon , Nuhn Lutz , Deswarte Kim , Zhong Zifu , Sanders Niek N. , Lienenklaus Stefan , David Sunil A. , Strohmeier Shirin , Amanat Fatima , Krammer Florian , Hammad Hamida , Lambrecht Bart N. , Coughlan Lynda , García‐Sastre Adolfo , De Geest Bruno G. , Schotsaert Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe search for vaccines that protect from severe morbidity and mortality because of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a race against the clock and the virus. Here we describe an amphiphilic imidazoquinoline (IMDQ‐PEG‐CHOL) TLR7/8 adjuvant, consisting of an imidazoquinoline conjugated to the chain end of a cholesterol‐poly(ethylene glycol) macromolecular amphiphile. It is water‐soluble and exhibits massive translocation to lymph nodes upon local administration through binding to albumin, affording localized innate immune activation and reduction in systemic inflammation. The adjuvanticity of IMDQ‐PEG‐CHOL was validated in a licensed vaccine setting (quadrivalent influenza vaccine) and an experimental trimeric recombinant SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein vaccine, showing robust IgG2a and IgG1 antibody titers in mice that could neutralize viral infection in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model.
Orthogonal Regulation of Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Sites in Pd‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Couplings between Indazoles and Isoprene
Authors: Jiang Wen‐Shuang , Ji Ding‐Wei , Zhang Wei‐Song , Zhang Gong , Min Xiang‐Ting , Hu Yan‐Cheng , Jiang Xu‐Liang , Chen Qing‐An 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDepending on the reactant property and reaction mechanism, one major regioisomer can be favored in a reaction that involves multiple active sites. Herein, an orthogonal regulation of nucleophilic and electrophilic sites in the regiodivergent hydroamination of isoprene with indazoles is demonstrated. Under Pd‐hydride catalysis, the 1,2‐ or 4,3‐insertion pathway with respect to the electrophilic sites on isoprene could be controlled by the choice of ligands. In terms of the nucleophilic sites on indazoles, the reaction occurs at either the N1‐ or N2‐position of indazoles is governed by the acid co‐catalysts. Preliminary experimental studies have been performed to rationalize the mechanism and regioselectivity. This study not only contributes a practical tool for selective functionalization of isoprene, but also provides a guide to manipulate the regioselectivity for the N‐functionalization of indazoles.
Magnetic chitosan‐based aerogel decorated with polydimethylsiloxane: A high‐performance scavenger for oil in water
Authors: Yin Zichao , Liu Wei , Bao Mutai , Li Yang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMost ingredients used to construct porous substrate of hydrophobic magnetic absorbent for oil/water separation are toxic, environmentally incompatible and difficult to degrade. With the purpose of solving this problem, a magnetic chitosan (CS)‐based aerogel decorated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was successfully fabricated in this work. The magnetic porous substrate was built by the electrostatic interactions between CS, itaconic acid and Fe3O4nanoparticles (FeNPs) in water solution, followed by a freeze‐drying process. The hydrophobic properties were rendered to the substrate by the crosslinking reaction of PDMS. Owing to the low density (0.0655 g/cm3) and high porosity (92%), the prepared aerogel displayed high absorption capacities (8.89–22.38 g/g) towards the testing organic liquids. The silylation process provided the aerogel with excellent hydrophobic properties (water contact angle, 147.1°), resulting in selectively absorbing oil from immiscible oil/water mixture and water‐in‐oil emulsion. Due to the uniformly distributed FeNPs, the remote control of the aerogel by external magnetic field was acquired, the saturation magnetization of which was 11.22 emu/g. Furthermore, the aerogel could also continuously separate heavy oil from water by acting as filter. The experimental results indicate that this renewable, environmentally benign and bifunctional aerogel has great potential in oily wastewater remediation.
Excellent role of Cu2O on fire safety of epoxy resin with ammonium polyphosphate based on the construction of self‐intumescent flame retardant system
Authors: Zhao Cheng‐Shou , Luo Zhen‐Jun , Kong De‐Yan , Peng Hua‐qiao , Li De‐Fu , Esmaeili Nima 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work reports an effective self‐intumescent flame retardant system for epoxy resin (EP) based on the remarkable synergistic effect between Cu2O and ammonium polyphosphate (APP). The effect of Cu2O/APP on improving EP's fire performance was evaluated by limited oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94, and cone calorimeter test. The optimal mass ratio of Cu2O: APP was shown to be 2:8. With 15 wt% total flame retardant loading, the EP with optimum Cu2O/APP formulation reached V‐0 classification and high LOI (33.5%), while the EP with APP only got NR and low LOI (26.5%). Additionally, the pHRR, total heat release, total smoke production, CO production of the EP with optimum Cu2O/APP formulation were primarily decreased. All the improvements were ascribed to the formation of the self‐intumescent char layer of EP resulted from the catalyzing effect of Cu2O for char formation and CO to CO2 conversion. These findings will consolidate approaches for conferring flame retardancy to flammable polymers or their blends.
You cannot conserve a species that has not been found: The case of the marine sponge Axinella polypoides in Liguria, Italy
Authors: Azzola Annalisa , Bavestrello Giorgio , Bertolino Marco , Bianchi Carlo Nike , Bo Marzia , Enrichetti Francesco , Morri Carla , Oprandi Alice , Toma Margherita , Montefalcone Monica 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Detailed knowledge about the distribution of species in need of protection is required for the management of Marine Protected Areas, a major tool to reduce marine biodiversity loss. Such knowledge is deficient for most marine invertebrates.
Axinella polypoides is a marine sponge included on the list of protected species by the Barcelona Convention (1976) and the Bern Convention (1987). This large and erect species has an important ecological role in habitat forming and benthic–pelagic coupling.
Bathymetrical, geographical and ecological data over the last 60 years were collated from publications and reports, together with new surveys to assess the distribution and protection status in Liguria of A. polypoides. It identified a more widespread distribution than previously thought, which points at a general need for dedicated investigations on the occurrence of species that require protection.
Bathymetrical distribution was trimodal, with peaks corresponding to different geomorphological settings: coastal cliff bases (around 38 m depth), inner shelf shoals (52 m) and rocks amidst coarse sediment on the outer shelf (79 m). Density was significantly greater at the shallowest depths. The species was mostly found in the coralligenous biocoenosis, in association with other characteristic species or forming a monospecific facies.
On (sub)vertical cliffs, A. polypoides often exhibited an unusual cane shape, rather than the typical bushy morphology, thus causing confusion with the congeneric A. cannabina, a more southern species. Records of the latter in the Ligurian Sea therefore need confirmation.
Only a minority (22.6%) of A. polypoides records were in Marine Protected Areas, the remainder being located in areas with no current environmental protection plans in place. While the occurrence of this species in MPAs remained stable over the decades, the only quantitative historical data available indicated that populations in non‐protected areas were declining owing to anthropogenic impacts (fishing and anchoring).
Damming insights: Variable impacts and implications of river regulation on platypus populations
Authors: Hawke Tahneal , Bino Gilad , Kingsford Richard T. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

River regulation has extensively changed the ecology and hydrology of rivers worldwide, particularly downstream of dams, affecting the viability of freshwater species. The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is a semiaquatic monotreme, endemic to eastern Australia, with a distribution overlapping Australia’s most regulated rivers.
Dams and changes to flow regimes have affected critical platypus habitat, yet our understanding of the impacts of these threatening processes on platypus ecology remains poor. Over a period of 3 years (2016–2018), platypuses were surveyed across three regions (Upper Murray, Snowy, and Border river regions), above and below large dams, and in adjacent unregulated rivers, comparing captures, demographics, abundances, and densities. We hypothesized that platypus captures and abundances would be lower downstream of dams, owing to altered flow regimes that have secondary impacts on the demographics of these populations.
In the Upper Murray Rivers region, captures were significantly lower in the Mitta Mitta River below Dartmouth Dam, compared with captures upstream of the dam and the unregulated Ovens River, probably reflecting significant alteration to the seasonality and temperature of flows caused by the dam. Conversely, there were no significant differences in captures or abundance and density estimates above and below the dams in the Snowy or Border river regions, where the extent of regulation was less severe, probably as a result of restoration efforts in recent years on some rivers.
Low proportions of juveniles on the Snowy River and Mitta Mitta River downstream of the dams, compared with upstream, raises concerns of other impacts of altered flow regimes to platypus breeding success and juvenile survival, given the sensitivity of juveniles to unseasonably high flows.
The results highlighted the potential impact of river regulation, with direct implications for the management of regulated rivers, providing opportunities to mitigate impacts through improved management of the seasonality and temperature of flows, to the benefit of platypuses and other freshwater species.
Progress in the Regulation of Electrode/Electrolyte Interfacial Reactions toward High‐voltage Aqueous Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Hu Tianzhao , Wang Yuzuo , Li Juan , Chen Shaorui , Shi Ying , Li Zhuangnan , Ruan Dianbo , Xu Qun , Li Feng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAqueous energy storage devices have drawn an increasing attention benefiting from their improved safety and reduced cost against the conventional organic systems. Hybrid capacitors that combine the advantages of both secondary batteries and electric double‐layer capacitors are considered to be a promising next‐generation electrical energy storage device. However, the nature of water decomposition at relatively low potential (usually ∼1.23 V) limits the voltage window of aqueous hybrid capacitors and thereby hinders their application. For this reason, it is vital to develop the aqueous hybrid capacitors that can operate in larger voltage window by means of the electrode and electrolyte engineering. This review summarizes the design of both electrodes and electrolytes, as well as the regulating strategies at their interfaces, to expand voltage window of aqueous hybrid capacitors. Furthermore, suggestions and future vision of the high‐voltage aqueous hybrid capacitors are provided to pave the way for their practical application.
Assessing the validity of three tasks of risk‐taking propensity
Authors: Zhou Ran , Myung Jay I. , Mathews Carol A. , Pitt Mark A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRisk‐taking propensity is a general personality disposition that has been studied using survey, behavioral, and cognitive modeling approaches, but the consistency and informativeness of the data across these approaches is rarely compared. To address this issue, we compared three behavioral tasks (BART, C‐ART, and S‐ART) designed to measure risk‐taking propensity by correlating measures from both the behavioral and modeling approaches with responses on scales assumed to relate to risk‐taking (impulsivity, sensation seeking, and drug abuse), and risk aversion (OCD symptoms and hoarding behavior). Results show that both the behavioral measure and the model parameter in the C‐ART and the S‐ART positively correlated with impulsivity and sensation seeking, with the behavioral measure showing a slight advantage. We also found discrepancies between the behavioral measure and the model parameter: the behavioral measures in the BART and the S‐ART negatively correlated with hoarding behavior, whereas the model parameter positively correlated with impulsivity and OCD symptoms. Our findings indicate that these tasks, all of which claim to measure risk‐taking propensity, vary in their abilities to measure different aspects of risk‐taking propensity. Current computational models do not yet suffice as an additional index of risk‐taking propensity.
Partners’ engagement in surveillance among survivors of colorectal cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Veenstra Christine M. , Acosta Jennifer , Sharar Rebecca , Hawley Sarah T. , Morris Arden M. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesFollowing treatment of Stage III colorectal cancer, guidelines recommend 3–5 years of surveillance for recurrence. However, over half of the 1.2 million U.S. survivors of colorectal cancer fail to receive guideline‐concordant surveillance. In light of growing recognition that members of couples are interdependent and influence each other's health behaviors, we sought to describe, in their own words, the perspectives of spouses/partners on their engagement in patients’ surveillance.MethodsWe conducted in‐person, semi‐structured interviews with 10 survivors of stage III colorectal cancer and their partners, together and separately. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, iteratively coded, and analyzed to identify emergent themes pertaining to partner engagement. Findings were validated through triangulation between study team members and triangulation between dyadic and individual interviews, and through an extensive search of transcripts for disconfirming evidence.ResultsWe identified three overarching domains of partner engagement in surveillance. First, psychosocial engagement included promoting patient participation in surveillance, showing care and concern, and attending to partner self‐care. Second, information‐seeking and dyadic communication focused on gathering information, staying informed about test results, and communicating about surveillance. Third, instrumental engagement referred to any explicit, objective activities such as scheduling appointments, attending appointments, and managing responsibilities at home. Participants shared strategies, examples, and in some cases unmet needs.ConclusionsThis study generated new, clinically meaningful knowledge about the ways in which partners engage in patients’ surveillance. Opportunities to leverage partners as informal resources in surveillance include development of dyadic interventions to help partners engage most effectively.
Chemical Composition and Cytotoxic Evaluation of the Essential Oil of Phyllogonium viride (Phyllogoniaceae, Bryophyta)
Authors: Klegin Christchellyn , de Moura Neusa Fernandes , Oliveira de Sousa Matheus Henrique , Frassini Rafaele , Roesch‐Ely Mariana , Bruno Alessandra Nejar , Bitencourt Thais Cardoso , Flach Adriana , Bordin Juçara 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine the chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil obtained from Phyllogonium viride Brid. (Phyllogoniaceae, Bryophyta), whose samples were collected in southern Brazil. For the first time, the cytotoxic activity of the essential oil of P. viride in breast and colorectal tumor cells (MCF‐7 and HCT‐116) was evaluated, as well as the cytotoxic potential of this oil in non‐tumoral cells of human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) via MTT assay. The compounds majorly found in P. viride essential oil were β‐bazzanene (20.30 %), β‐caryophyllene (17.06 %), β‐chamigrene (14.02), and germacrene B (11.72 %). Treatment with P. viride essential oil in the different tested cell lines did not induce any toxicity in most of the tested concentrations. These data contribute to generating new scientific information about this understudied plant species. Furthermore, the chemical characterization of the compounds present in the essential oil of P. viride can lead to greater elucidation of its biotechnological potential.
Impact of Surface Properties of Porous SiOC‐Based Materials on the Performance of Geobacter Biofilm Anodes
Authors: da Rosa Braun Pedro Henrique , Canuto de Almeida e Silva Thamires , Rodrigo Quejigo Jose , Kuchenbuch Anne , Rezwan Kurosch , Harnisch Falk , Wilhelm Michaela 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPorous SiOC tapes were studied as anodes for bioelectrochemical system (BES) using Geobacter spp. as an electroactive microorganism (EAM). The ceramic anodes were produced by tape‐casting of poly(silsesquioxanes), tailoring the surface properties by incorporating graphite and carbon black, and changing the pyrolysis temperature. By varying these parameters, the specific surface area, the hydrophilicity, and the roughness were adjusted, with the pyrolysis temperature playing a major role. When used as anodes at 0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl sat. KCl in the BES, maximum current densities relative to the geometric surface area (jGSA) up to 5.8 A m−2 were achieved. Microbial community analysis of the biofilm shows the dominant presence of Geobacter spp. as the EAM. Benchmarking the performance of the anodes of this study with anodes using the same EAM demonstrates that porous SiOC anodes are a promising class of materials, as they show jGSA comparable to carbon‐based anodes.
All‐MXene Cotton‐Based Supercapacitor‐Powered Human Body Thermal Management System
Authors: Li Jianmin , Chen Jianmei , Wang Hao , Xiao Xu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Xu Xiao at the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. The cover picture shows a little boy who is celebrating Chinese New Year outdoors with his dog. To keep warm, he is wearing a MXene‐cotton‐based human body thermal management textile, which is also powered by MXene‐cotton‐based supercapacitors. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202001536.