bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addiction and schizophrenia
Authors: Batel P. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryEpidemiologic studies in the general population and those based on the clinical assessment of schizophrenic populations have revealed a high degree of overlap between schizophrenia and addictive disorders. The abuse of psychoactive substances (including alcohol) throughout life is so frequent (50%) that the possibility of a specific link inevitably arises. Various hypotheses have been suggested to explain the high co-morbidity between schizophrenia and addiction: 1) The social-environmental hypothesis has been developed but studies have provided poor evidence to validate it. 2) The possible shared biological vulnerability between schizophrenia and addictions led researchers to explore common genetic determinants and study the involvement of the dopaminergic and opioid systems in the aetiology of both schizophrenia and the abuse of and dependence on psychoactive drugs. 3) Finally, the theory of self-medication suggests that schizophrenics may be attempting to counter the deficit linked to their disorders by using the substances they take or their dependency-type behaviour to cope with their emotional problems. The clinical profile of schizophrenic addicts does seem to display some distinctive features, such as the high level of depressive co-morbidity, very high nicotine and alcohol dependence, with a very poor prognosis. These patients are difficult to manage; the possibility of pharmacologic interactions between the substances they are taking and neuroleptic medication calls for prudence, and their compliance is also poor. Addictive disorders in schizophrenics are currently a topic of active research intended to lead to identifying specific treatments. The early identification of addictive disorders in schizophrenics should make it possible to limit their development and improve the prognosis.
Clinical trials update: highlights of the scientific sessions of the American Heart Association year 2000: Val HeFT, COPERNICUS, MERIT, CIBIS‐II, BEST, AMIOVIRT, V‐MAC, BREATHE, HEAT, MIRACL, FLORIDA, VIVA and the first human cardiac skeletal muscle myoblast transfer for heart failure
Authors: Thackray Simon D.R. , Witte Klaus K.A. , Khand Aleem , Dunn Anita , Clark Andrew L. , Cleland John G.F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis article continues a series of reports summarising recent research developments pertinent to the topic of heart failure. This is a summary of presentations made at scientific sessions of the American Heart Association in November 2000. Clinical studies of particular interest to people caring for patients with heart failure include Val‐HeFT, AMIOVIRT and V‐MAC. New data from β‐blockers trials are reviewed, highlights from some important developments in post‐infarction care, including MIRACL and FLORIDA, discussed and results of some early studies of gene therapy reported.
Frequency, prognosis and predictors of improvement of systolic left ventricular function in patients with ‘classical’ clinical diagnosis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Cicoira Mariantonietta , Zanolla Luisa , Latina Loredana , Rossi Andrea , Golia Giorgio , Brighetti Giovanna , Zardini Piero 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) of different aetiologies, a variable frequency of improvement in the left ventricular (LV) systolic function has been reported, while in patients with a ‘classic’ idiopathic DCM, the frequency of improvement is still under debate, and clinical and haemodynamic predictors of recovery of the LV function are needed. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of improvement in the LV systolic function in idiopathic DCM and to identify predictors of reversibility of the impaired LV contractility. A sample of 98 consecutive patients with idiopathic DCM was retrospectively evaluated. Echocardiographic and Doppler measurements were directly taken from the routine echo‐report. LV systolic function was assessed semiquantitatively using a score index (SFSI). According to the improvement in the LV systolic function, the patients were divided into group 1 patients with improvement, and group 2 patients without improvement. During a follow‐up of at least 12 months, 19 patients (19%) showed an improvement, with a significant increase in the mean SFSI; all these group 1 patients survived without heart transplant; in group 2, 18 patients (23%) died and 3 (4%) received a heart transplant. Patients in group 1 had a significantly shorter duration of symptoms (P ‐ 0.0045), a younger age (P ‐ 0.006), a shorter DtE (P ‐ 0.04), a lower SFSI (P < 0.01), a worse NYHA class (P < 0.001) and more frequently had a history of hypertension (P < 0.0001). The same variables were significant predictors of improvement at the univariate analysis. At the multivariate logistic regression analysis, a shorter duration of symptoms (P ‐ 0.02), a history of hypertension (P ‐ 0.003), and a worse NYHA class (P ‐ 0.01) were independent predictors of improvement. A relatively large percentage of patients with an idiopathic DCM will have a marked improvement in the LV systolic function. This is more likely to happen in the presence of a short duration of symptoms and a history of hypertension. After an improvement, the prognosis is excellent.
Nipple Pain in Breastfeeding Women: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention Strategies
Authors: Tait Priscilla 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThis article identifies problems and conditions that contribute to nipple pain during lactation and that may lead to early cessation or noninitiation of breastfeeding. Signs and symptoms of poor latch‐on and positioning, oral anomalies, and suckling disorders are reviewed. Diagnosis and treatment of infectious agents that may cause nipple pain are presented. Comfort measures for sore nipples and current treatment recommendations for nipple wound healing are discussed. Suggestions are made for incorporating in‐depth breastfeeding content into midwifery education programs.
Workplace measures against COVID-19 during the winter third wave in Japan: Company size-based differences
Authors: Ishimaru Tomohiro , Nagata Masako , Hino Ayako , Yamashita Satoshi , Tateishi Seiichiro , Tsuji Mayumi , Ogami Akira , Matsuda Shinya , Fujino Yoshihisa ,   CORoNaWork Project, Fujino Yoshihisa , Ogami Akira , Harada Arisa , Hino Ayako , Odgerel Chimed-Ochir , Ando Hajime , Eguchi Hisashi , Ikegami Kazunori , Muramatsu Keiji , Mori Koji , Kitagawa Kyoko , Nagata Masako , Tsuji Mayumi , Tanaka Rie , Matsugaki Ryutaro , Tateishi Seiishiro , Matsuda Shinya , Ishimaru Tomohiro , Nagata Tomohisa , Mafune Kosuke , Liu Ning 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Little is known about workplace measures against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan during the winter of 2020, especially in micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). This study aimed to provide an overview of the current situation of anti-COVID-19 measures in Japanese enterprises during the winter, considering company size.

Methods
This study was an Internet-based nationwide cross-sectional study. Individuals who were registered as full-time workers were invited to participate in the survey. Data were collected using an online self-administered questionnaire in December 2020. The chi-squared test for trend was performed to calculate the P-value for trend for each workplace measure across company sizes.

Results
For the 27 036 participants, across company sizes, the most prevalent workplace measure was encouraging mask wearing at work, followed by requesting that employees refrain from going to work when ill and restricting work-related social gatherings and entertainment. These measures were implemented by approximately 90% of large-scale enterprises and by more than 40% of micro- and small-scale enterprises. In contrast, encouraging remote working was implemented by less than half of large-scale enterprises and by around 20% of micro- and small-scale enterprises. There were statistically significant differences in all workplace measures by company size (all P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
We found that various responses to COVID-19 had been taken in workplaces. However, some measures, including remote working, were still not well-implemented, especially in smaller enterprises. The findings suggest that occupational health support for MSMEs is urgently needed to mitigate the current wave of COVID-19.
Enhancing Thermopower and Nernst Signal of High‐Mobility Dirac Carriers by Fermi Level Tuning in the Layered Magnet EuMnBi2
Authors: Tsuruda Keigo , Nakagawa Kento , Ochi Masayuki , Kuroki Kazuhiko , Tokunaga Masashi , Murakawa Hiroshi , Hanasaki Noriaki , Sakai Hideaki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDirac/Weyl semimetals hosting linearly dispersing bands have received recent attention for potential thermoelectric applications, since their ultrahigh‐mobility carriers could generate large thermoelectric and Nernst power factors. To optimize these efficiencies, the Fermi energy needs to be chemically controlled in a wide range, which is generally difficult in bulk materials because of disorder effects from the substituted ions. Here it is shown that the Fermi energy is tunable across the Dirac point for layered magnet EuMnBi2 by partially substituting Gd3+ for Eu2+ in the insulating block layer, which dopes electrons into the Dirac fermion layer without degrading the mobility. Clear quantum oscillation observed even in the doped samples allows to quantitatively estimate the Fermi energy shift and optimize the power factor (exceeding 100 µW K−2 cm−1 at low temperatures) in combination with the first‐principles calculation. Furthermore, it is shown that Nernst signal steeply increases with decreasing carrier density beyond a simple theoretical prediction, which likely originates from the field‐induced gap reduction of the Dirac band due to the exchange interaction with the Eu moments. Thus, the magnetic block layer provides high controllability for the Dirac fermions in EuMnBi2, which would make this series of materials an appealing platform for novel transport phenomena.
Localized Delivery of Theranostic Nanoparticles and High‐Energy Photons using Microneedles‐on‐Bioelectronics
Authors: Lee Youngsik , Kang Taegyu , Cho Hye Rim , Lee Gil Ju , Park Ok Kyu , Kim Sangyeon , Lee Bowon , Kim Hyun Myung , Cha Gi Doo , Shin Yoonsoo , Lee Wanghee , Kim Minjeong , Kim Hyunjoong , Song Young Min , Choi Seung Hong , Hyeon Taeghwan , Kim Dae‐Hyeong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe low delivery efficiency of light‐responsive theranostic nanoparticles (NPs) to target tumor sites, particularly to brain tumors due to the blood–brain barrier, has been a critical issue in NP‐based cancer treatments. Furthermore, high‐energy photons that can effectively activate theranostic NPs are hardly delivered to the target region due to the strong scattering of such photons while penetrating surrounding tissues. Here, a localized delivery method of theranostic NPs and high‐energy photons to the target tumor using microneedles‐on‐bioelectronics is presented. Two types of microneedles and flexible bioelectronics are integrated and mounted on the edge of surgical forceps. Bioresorbable microneedles containing theranostic NPs deliver the NPs into target tumors (e.g., glioblastoma, pituitary adenoma). Magnetic resonance imaging can locate the NPs. Then, light‐guiding/spreading microneedles deliver high‐energy photons from bioelectronics to the NPs. The high‐energy photons activate the NPs to treat tumor tissues by photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. The controlled thermal actuation by the bioelectronics accelerates the diffusion of chemo‐drugs. The proposed method is demonstrated with mouse tumor models in vivo.
Ultrathin Modified Silica “Skin” for the Transfer Hydrogenation Catalyst: Improving Selectivity by Adjusting Surface Wettability
Authors: Guo Rongxiu , He Guangqi , Chen Xinyu , Zhang Xinyue , Hu Ze‐nan , Li Xiaodong , Niu Dun , Sun Hong‐bin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSurface wettability of heterogeneous catalysts plays a crucial role in the catalytic activity and selectivity. In this work, an ultra‐thin modified silica coating is firstly used as the “skin” to adjust the surface hydrophilicity of the catalyst, which promotes the catalytic activity and selectivity in the transfer hydrogenation of nitriles. The ultrathin‐modified silica “skin” with 2–3 nm thickness is fabricated by the consecutive hydrolysis of (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and n‐propyltriethoxysilane, and the bimetallic catalyst Fe3O4@PtCu is encapsulated in the coating. The modified catalyst demonstrated significant catalytic efficiency for hydrogenation of benzonitrile to dibenzylamine. The reaction performs 93% conversion and 99% selectivity in “green” solvent H2O. Furthermore, the modified silica “skin” encapsulates the PtCu nanoparticles to prevent the leaching of active sites, thus brings excellent catalytic recyclability. More than Fe3O4@PtCu, the modified silica “skin” is applicable to a diverse range of catalysts, that is, PtCu/SiO2, PtCu/Al2O3, and PtCu/UiO‐66, endowing them with additional catalytic activity and selectivity in the hydrogenation of nitriles.
Probing the Stochastic Dynamics of Coronaviruses: Machine Learning Assisted Deep Computational Insights with Exploitable Dimensions
Authors: Mukhopadhyay T. , Naskar S. , Gupta K. K. , Kumar R. , Dey S. , Adhikari S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA machine learning assisted efficient, yet comprehensive characterization of the dynamics of coronaviruses, in conjunction with finite element (FE) approach, is presented. Without affecting the accuracy of prediction in low‐frequency vibration analysis, an equivalent model for the FE analysis is proposed, based on which the natural frequencies corresponding to first three non‐rigid modes are analyzed. To quantify the inherent system‐uncertainty efficiently, Monte Carlo simulation is proposed in conjunction with the machine learning based FE computational framework for obtaining complete probabilistic descriptions considering both individual and compound effect of stochasticity. A variance based sensitivity analysis is carried out to enumerate the relative significance of different material parameters corresponding to various constituting parts of the coronavirus structure. Using the modal characteristics like natural frequencies and mode shapes of the virus structure including their stochastic bounds, it is possible to readily identify coronaviruses by comparing the experimentally measured dynamic responses in terms of the peaks of frequency response function. Results from this first of its kind study on coronaviruses along with the proposed generic machine learning based approach will accelerate the detection of viruses and create efficient pathways toward future inventions leading to cure and containment in the field of virology.
A Catalyst and Base Free Approach to Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds via Intramolecular [2+2] and retro‐[2+2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Lu Aoyun , Li Tao , Wang Jiayi , Song Gonghua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot strategy for the preparation of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) has been developed. The catalyst and base free conditions, short reaction time under microwave irradiation, as well as the moderate to high yields of products, make the methodology more convenient and feasible. The mechanism study reveals that a novel cascade of thermal induced intramolecular [2+2] cycloaddition of bis‐N‐tosylhydrazones and retro‐[2+2] cycloaddition of 1,2‐diazetidines was involved in the reaction between biaryl dicarbonyl compounds and p‐tolylsulfonylhydrazine.
Septum submucosal glands exhibit aberrant morphology and reduced mucin production in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Nnabue Onyekachi Ezinna , Pletcher Steven D. , Gurrola Jose G. , Goldberg Andrew N. , Jordan Kristiana M. , Knox Sarah M. , May Alison J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by significant accumulation and thickening of mucus in the sinonasal cavities. One contributor of aberrant mucus production and impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC) is altered function of the sinonasal submucosal glands (SMGs), yet contributions of SMGs to upper airway disease initiation and progression remain unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize the morphology and secretory cell identities of the nasal septum SMGs in both healthy and CRS adults.MethodsBiopsies from adult participants with CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP, n = 4), CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP, n = 8), and non‐CRS controls (n = 14) were collected from the posterior septum. Glandular morphology and mucus markers were investigated using histological techniques and high‐resolution confocal microscopy.ResultsAnalysis revealed a significant decrease in gland density in the posterior septum of CRSsNP (28% ± 6.15%) and CRSwNP (23% ± 3.09%) compared to control participants (53% ± 1.59%, p < 0.0001). Further analysis of the CRS SMG secretory function revealed an overall decrease in Mucin 5B+ gland mucus being produced. Dilated and cystic ductal structures filled with inspissated mucus were also common to CRS glands.ConclusionHere, we describe a significant alteration in SMG structure and function in the adult CRS posterior septum suggesting reduced gland contribution to MCC. The SMGs of both the nose and sinuses may represent targets for future therapeutic approaches.
The implementation of reciprocal imitation training in a Part C early intervention setting: A stepped‐wedge pragmatic trial
Authors: Ibañez Lisa V. , Scott Sabine , Stone Wendy L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite the development of several evidence‐based Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBIs), very few have been adapted for use in community‐based settings. This study examines the implementation of Reciprocal Imitation Training (RIT)—an NDBI—by community Early Intervention (EI; IDEA Part C) providers serving toddlers from birth to 3 years. Of the 87 EI providers enrolled from 9 agencies in 4 counties across Washington State, 66 were included in the current sample. A stepped‐wedge design was used to randomly assign counties to the timing of RIT training workshops. Self‐report measures of practice and self‐efficacy regarding ASD care were collected at baseline (T1, T2) and 6‐months and 12‐months post‐training (T3, T4). At T3 and T4, providers reported on RIT adoption and rated items about RIT feasibility and perceived RIT effectiveness; at T4, they also reported on child characteristics that led to RIT use and modifications. From pre‐training to post‐training, there were significant increases in providers' self‐efficacy in providing services to children with ASD or suspected ASD. At T3 and T4, provider ratings indicated high levels of RIT adoption, feasibility, and perceived RIT effectiveness. At T4, providers indicated that they most commonly: (a) initiated RIT when there were social‐communication or motor imitation delays, or an ASD diagnosis; and (b) made modifications to RIT by repeating elements, blending it with other therapies, and loosening its structure. While additional research is needed, RIT may help families get an early start on accessing specialized treatment within an established infrastructure available across the United States.Lay SummaryReciprocal imitation training (RIT) is an evidence‐based treatment for ASD that might be a good fit for use by intervention providers in widely accessible community‐based settings. After attending an educational workshop on RIT, providers reported feeling more comfortable providing services to families with ASD concerns, used RIT with over 400 families, and believed that RIT improved important social communication behaviors.
Intraventricular dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor in the temporal horn with Broad involvement of the ependyma
Authors: Li Luying , Hu Xiao , Li Jingmei , Zhang Heng 
Published: May 2021

Key Clinical MessageThough typical dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNETs) are located in the cerebral cortex, an atypical DNET could occur in the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle and broadly involve the ependyma. Awareness of this atypical form of DNET is of value for the wright diagnosis and management of atypical DNETs.
Therapeutic nihilism is inadequate in geriatric medicine
Authors: Nau Roland , Großmann Marius , Rohde Veit , Knopf Elmar , Dörges Joachim , Larsen Jörg 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPatients' wishes should guide therapeutic considerations in the face of options and necessities, particularly when an intervention carries the risk of death. Therefore, in the medical management of the young and the old, everything should be attempted as long as the patient has a strong will to live.
Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol with Mn‐PNP‐Pincer Complexes in the Presence of Lewis Acids: the Formate Resting State Unleashed
Authors: Kuß David A. , Hölscher Markus , Leitner Walter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol was achieved using a catalytic system comprising metal complexes of the form [Mn(CO)2[N(C2H4PR2)] (R=iPr/Ph, [HN(C2H4PPh2)2]=MACHO−Ph) together with Lewis acid additives. Mechanistic studies suggest initial CO2 insertion into a Mn−H bond leads to a formate complex as resting state. By systematically balancing the interaction between the acidic additive and the catalyst, the formate ligand could be removed through esterification to unleash the full catalytic potential. The reaction conditions were optimized on basis of the partial reaction order of relevant compounds. The combination of MACHO−Ph and Ti(OiPr)4 was identified as the most active system with a TON of 160 (p(CO2)=5 bar, p(H2)=160 bar, T=150 °C). Using methanol as solvent and co‐reagent allows the catalytic conversion of CO2/H2 in a liquid phase process comprising only the substrates and products.
Im heißen Bleikreislauf
Authors: Heidelberger Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMit Hochtemperaturtechnologien werden elektrothermische Netzspeicher möglich, mit denen sich große Mengen Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen puffern lassen. Im Verbundprojekt LIMELISA entwickeln das Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) und das Deutsche Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR) gemeinsam mit dem Industriepartner KSB die dafür notwendigen Grundlagen. Das Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie fördert die Forschung mit 3,8 Mio.
Einmotorige Schubzentrifuge
Authors: Pachta Nicole 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDie neu entwickelte Schubzentrifuge ecoOne von Andritz ist für die Produktion von chemischen Grundprodukten, technischen Salzen und Agrochemikalien sowie Kunststoffen geeignet und behält die Verlässlichkeit und die Wascheffizienz der herkömmlichen Schubzentrifugen‐Technologie von Krauss‐Maffei bei, während Energieeffizienz, Flexibilität und Wartungsfreundlichkeit erhöht und dadurch die Betriebskosten und Stillstandszeiten gesenkt werden.
Nach der Auslösung
Authors: Frigger Anja 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIm Explosionsfall empfängt die EXKOP Express Steuerung ein Auslösesignal, bspw. von dem Signalgeber einer flammenlosen Druckentlastung, von einer Berstscheibe, einem Drucksensor oder einem IR‐Flammenmelder. Dadurch aktiviert die Express Steuerung die ange