bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child Custody Preferences in Light of Attitudes Toward the Couple's Division of Labor in Portugal
Authors: Marinho Sofia , Gouveia Rita 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveExamine and compare the attitudes of women and men in different age groups toward types of children's residence after divorce/separation, considering their attitudes toward the division of labor in the family (DLF).BackgroundThis study draws on a multidimensional approach to attitudinal change in DLF and in the division of parental involvement after divorce/separation. Empirically, it benefits from new measures on fatherhood and motherhood and population‐based data.MethodThe authors draw on the 2012 Portuguese ISSP module by focusing on three dimensions: types of children's residence; men's involvement in parenting and homemaking; and women's employment and primacy as caregivers. They examine the interplay between attitudinal, family, and sociodemographic variables through regression, multiple correspondence, and cluster analyzes.ResultsThe attitudes to DLF strongly shape the attitudes toward the type of children's residence, which contribute to polarization between preferences for sole residence and shared residence. Also, three attitudinal profiles—unilateral egalitarian familism, egalitarian familism, and mother‐centered familism—revealed attitudinal hybridization through the complex combination of egalitarianism, essentialism and familism, and their embeddedness in social contexts.ConclusionBy moving beyond the nuclear family and by combining standard and innovative attitudinal indicators of DLF, the findings shed light on the social processes that are creating complexity and plurality in the attitudes toward cultural models of motherhood and fatherhood.
Conversion of Digital Dentures for Immediate Loading of Complete Arch Implant Prostheses
Authors: Swamidass Rajesh , Goodacre Charles J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe development and expanded use of digital dentures has led to their use in the immediate loading of complete arch implant prostheses. This paper reviews the prosthetic complications that can occur with immediately loaded conversion prostheses along with the advantages afforded by digital dentures in minimizing or eliminating these complications. The process of using digital dentures in the fabrication of conversion dentures for immediate loading of complete arch implant prostheses is presented as well as the use of digital dentures for definitive prostheses. The described procedures include methods of obtaining clinical records, the fabrication of conversion dentures, the immediate loading procedure using a conversion prosthesis, and use of a conversion denture in the fabrication of a definitive prosthesis.
Optimal taxation in an endogenous growth model with variable population and public expenditure
Authors: Renström Thomas I. , Spataro Luca 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper we analyze second‐best optimal taxation in an endogenous‐growth model driven by public expenditure, in presence of endogenous fertility and labor supply. Normative analysis shows positive taxes on the number of children, which are necessary to correct for congestion in the publicly provided input (such as education and healthcare), negative public debt. Results on capital and labor income taxation depend on whether the public input is optimally provided.
Persistence with mirabegron or antimuscarinic treatment for overactive bladder syndrome: Findings from the PERSPECTIVE registry study
Authors: Carlson Kevin V. , Rovner Eric S. , Nair Kavita V. , Deal Anna S. , Kristy Rita M. , Hairston John C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis analysis from the PERSPECTIVE (a Prospective, Non‐interventional Registry Study of Patients Initiating a Course of Drug Therapy for Overactive Bladder) study evaluated treatment persistence with mirabegron or antimuscarinics over a 12‐month period.MethodsParticipants were adults diagnosed with overactive bladder (OAB) by their health care provider (HCP), who were initiating mirabegron or antimuscarinic treatment. The HCP made all treatment decisions, and patients were followed for 12 months with no mandatory scheduled visits. Information requests were sent to patients at baseline and months 1, 3, 6, and 12. Patients were nonpersistent if they switched, discontinued, or added OAB medications/therapies to their initial treatment. Reasons for discontinuation and switching patterns were investigated.ResultsOverall, 1514 patients were included (613 mirabegron and 901 antimuscarinic initiators). Persistence rates decreased steadily over time in both groups. A low proportion of patients added or switched medication at each time point. Unadjusted Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed similar persistence rates for both groups. When the data were adjusted for patient characteristics (age, sex, and OAB treatment status), mirabegron initiators had higher persistence rates. No significant differences were noted in unadjusted median time to end of persistence. However, end of treatment persistence by any cause was longer with mirabegron (median: 9.5 vs 6.7 months for antimuscarinics). HCPs stated that the most common reasons for nonpersistence were no symptomatic improvement and side effect aversion.ConclusionsTreatment persistence was longer for mirabegron compared with antimuscarinic initiators after controlling for patient characteristics. End of treatment persistence by any cause was also longer with mirabegron.
Lunar meteorite Northwest Africa 11962: A regolith breccia containing records of titanium‐rich lunar volcanism and the high alkali suite
Authors: Bechtold Andreas , Brandstätter Franz , Pittarello Lidia , Ferrière Ludovic , Greenwood Richard C. , Koeberl Christian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNorthwest Africa (NWA) 11962 is a lunar regolith breccia composed of a wide range of different clasts. The lunar origin of this meteorite is confirmed by oxygen isotope analysis and the Fe/Mn ratio in pyroxene and olivine. In the present study, the clasts and the matrix of NWA 11962 are characterized by optical and electron microscopy along with electron microprobe analyses and micro‐Raman spectroscopy. The meteorite has a glassy impact melt matrix, which accounts for 35% of the surface area in the two thin sections examined, and which contains a very large variety of different lithic clasts, monomineralic clasts, and glass fragments. The presence of volcanic and impact‐related glass spherules led to the classification of this meteorite as a regolith breccia. Lithic clasts include numerous fragments of quartz monzogabbro and lunar felsite, which are quite rare lithologies in the lunar alkali suite. However, the most abundant components in the breccia are gabbroic clasts. The mineral chemistry of the pyroxenes in the gabbroic clasts and the chemistry of various types of glass fragments in the breccia indicate an origin of the regolith from an area with low‐Ti to high‐Ti mare basalt volcanism. In addition to the peculiar petrographic characteristics of NWA 11962, the possible pairing relationships with other lunar meteorites are discussed.
Thomas Hobbes and Thomas White on Identity and Discontinuous Existence
Authors: Adriaenssen Han Thomas , Alma Sam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIs it possible for an individual that has gone out of being to come back into being again? The English Aristotelian, Thomas White, argued that it is not. Thomas Hobbes disagreed and used the case of the Ship of Theseus to argue that individuals that have gone out of being may come back into being again. This paper provides the first systematic account of their arguments. It is doubtful that Hobbes has a consistent case against White. Still, his criticism may have prompted White to clarify his views on identity over time in his later work.
Minority rights and violence: A comparative analysis of the conflict in Southern Cameroon and Biafran separatism in Nigeria
Authors: Ezemenaka Kingsley Emeka 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRights disparity within a population, alongside an unresolved and long‐standing feud concerning minority rights, is a key factor in fuelling agitation and violence in a country. Consequently, it has a significant effect on a state’s peace, security, and development. This article presents a comparative analysis regarding the violence experienced in Southern Cameroon and in Southeastern Nigeria. The analysis is carried out using a qualitative approach based on a revised model of Relative Deprivation (RD) theory. Documentary evidence focusing on the causes of violence is analysed to explain specific factors associated with minority rights. The article argues that while the two cases studied are quite distinct, there are also certain similarities which illustrate how state‐destabilizing violence originates out of horizontal inequalities created by a state’s government. This conclusion is showcased in a model of RD theory as it relates to West Africa and the Central African States.
Creating supportive learning environments: The role of the medical educator
Authors: Samuel Anita , Konopasky Abigail 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSystemic problems of discrimination plague diversity and inclusion efforts in medical education globally. Medical educators need to acknowledge that learners are dealing with considerable emotional and perhaps social and economic stress and that this stress is likely worse for minoritized learners. In this milieu, what is the role of the medical educator? This article takes an inclusive approach to supporting students and explores various threads in the medical education literature to provide a roadmap for medical educators. This article traces the medical educator's journey with (1) understanding why medical students need educators to intervene, (2) exploring how to create a space for dialog, and (3) beginning the conversation with medical students. It ends with a series of concrete suggestions for medical educators.
The plant DNA polymerase theta is essential for the repair of replication‐associated DNA damage
Authors: Nisa Maherun , Bergis Clara , Pedroza‐Garcia Jose‐Antonio , Drouin‐Wahbi Jeannine , Mazubert Christelle , Bergounioux Catherine , Benhamed Moussa , Raynaud Cécile 
Published: May 2021

SUMMARYSafeguarding of genome integrity is a key process in all living organisms. Due to their sessile lifestyle, plants are particularly exposed to all kinds of stress conditions that could induce DNA damage. However, very few genes involved in the maintenance of genome integrity are indispensable to plants’ viability. One remarkable exception is the POLQ gene, which encodes DNA polymerase theta (Pol θ), a non‐replicative polymerase involved in trans‐lesion synthesis during DNA replication and double‐strand break (DSB) repair. The Arabidopsis tebichi (teb) mutants, deficient in Pol θ, have been reported to display severe developmental defects, leading to the conclusion that Pol θ is required for normal plant development. However, this essential role of Pol θ in plants is challenged by contradictory reports regarding the phenotypic defects of teb mutants and the recent finding that rice (Oryza sativa) null mutants develop normally. Here we show that the phenotype of teb mutants is highly variable. Taking advantage of hypomorphic mutants for the replicative DNA polymerase epsilon, which display constitutive replicative stress, we show that Pol θ allows maintenance of meristem activity when DNA replication is partially compromised. Furthermore, we found that the phenotype of Pol θ mutants can be aggravated by modifying their growth conditions, suggesting that environmental conditions impact the basal level of replicative stress and providing evidence for a link between plants’ responses to adverse conditions and mechanisms involved in the maintenance of genome integrity.
Self-management of iron and folic acid supplementation during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and postnatal periods: a systematic review
Authors: King Shannon E , Yeh Ping Teresa , Rhee Dong Keun , Tuncalp Özge , Rogers Lisa M , Narasimhan Manjulaa 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionWhile the use of folic acid pre-pregnancy and iron and folic acid (IFA) during pregnancy and postnatal have been demonstrated to be effective and are recommended interventions by WHO, ensuring individuals adhere to the supplementation regimen can be a challenge. Self-care interventions that support an individual’s ability to promote their own health with or without the support of health workers could help promote the uptake and adherence to supplementation. This systematic review assessed the evidence around self-management of IFA or folic acid supplementation accessed over-the-counter during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and postnatal periods.MethodsPeer-reviewed studies were included if they compared self-management of IFA or folic acid supplementation with health worker-initiated supplement use on maternal and/or fetal and newborn health outcomes, end-users’ or health workers’ values and preferences, or cost and/or cost-effectiveness. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS and EMBASE for articles published through November 2020, hand-searched clinical trial registries, reviewed databases and contacted experts in the field. Abstract screening and full-text review were conducted independently by two reviewers.ResultsOverall, 2344 results were identified, and 28 studies were identified for full-text review. All studies were excluded, as they were not primary research, lacked the outcomes of interest, lacked specificity in supplement type, and/or lacked a comparison group.ConclusionNo evidence was identified that distinguishes self-management of folic acid supplements pre-pregnancy and of IFA supplements during pregnancy and postnatal, highlighting a gap in our current understanding of self-care related to dietary supplementation in pregnancy. The findings of this review identify an area for further research to support the current movement towards self-care interventions as an added choice to help individuals more fully attain their reproductive health and rights.Systematic review registration numberPROSPERO CRD42020205548
Effect of smoke-free policies in military settings on tobacco smoke exposure and smoking behaviour: a systematic review
Authors: Falconer Hall Thomas , Siddiqi K 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionSmoke-free legislation has been instrumental in reducing secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in public places. However, the evidence of the impact of institutional smoke-free policies in settings such as healthcare and defence is weaker. Specifically, the literature on the effect of smoke-free policies in military settings has not yet been synthesised.MethodsThis review aimed to identify, critically appraise and synthesise the available evidence to evaluate the effect of defence smoke-free policies on SHS exposure. Eight electronic databases (eg, EMBASE, MEDLINE) were searched from inception to June 2020. We included English-language studies on smoke-free policies introduced in a defence setting, assessing their impact on SHS exposure (primary outcome) and healthcare utilisation, smoking behaviours and defence efficiency (secondary outcomes). Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I. Synthesis without meta-analysis was conducted using vote counting of direction of effect.ResultsThe search retrieved 4503 citations of which eight met inclusion criteria; two controlled and six uncontrolled before-and-after studies. The evidence, although low-quality, from one study indicated reduced SHS exposure following the introduction of a defence smoke-free policy. For secondary outcomes the review found mixed results, with the quit rate being the one outcome favouring smoke-free policies. The cumulative confidence of evidence is uncertain and therefore reliable conclusions cannot be drawn from these studies.ConclusionsA research gap exists for high-quality studies on the impact of defence smoke-free policies which should use comparators and, if possible, randomisation. Policy-makers should introduce institutional smoke-free policies in defence settings within an evaluative framework to generate such evidence.
How, why and under what circumstances does a quality improvement collaborative build knowledge and skills in clinicians working with people with dementia? A realist informed process evaluation
Authors: de la Perrelle Lenore , Cations Monica , Barbery Gaery , Radisic Gorjana , Kaambwa Billingsley , Crotty Maria , Fitzgerald Janna Anneke , Kurrle Susan , Cameron Ian , Whitehead Craig , Thompson Jane , Laver Kate 
Published: May 2021

In increasingly constrained health and aged care services, strategies are needed to improve quality and translate evidence into practice. In dementia care, recent failures in quality and safety have led the WHO to prioritise the translation of known evidence into practice. While quality improvement collaboratives have been widely used in healthcare, there are few examples in dementia care.We describe a recent quality improvement collaborative to improve dementia care across Australia and assess the implementation outcomes of acceptability and feasibility of this strategy to translate known evidence into practice. A realist-informed process evaluation was used to analyse how, why and under what circumstances a quality improvement collaborative built knowledge and skills in clinicians working in dementia care.This realist-informed process evaluation developed, tested and refined the programme theory of a quality improvement collaborative. Data were collected pre-intervention and post-intervention using surveys and interviews with participants (n=28). A combined inductive and deductive data analysis process integrated three frameworks to examine the context and mechanisms of knowledge and skill building in participant clinicians.A refined program theory showed how and why clinicians built knowledge and skills in quality improvement in dementia care. Six mechanisms were identified: motivation, accountability, identity, collective learning, credibility and reflective practice. These mechanisms, in combination, operated to overcome constraints, role boundaries and pessimism about improved practice in dementia care.A quality improvement collaborative designed for clinicians in different contexts and roles was acceptable and feasible in building knowledge, skills and confidence of clinicians to improve dementia care. Supportive reflective practice and a credible, flexible and collaborative process optimised quality improvement knowledge and skills in clinicians working with people with dementia.Trial registration numberACTRN12618000268246.
Effect of preoperative cannabis use on perioperative outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Betty Huiyu , Saud Haris , Sengupta Neil , Chen Max , Bakshi Devyani , Richardson Liz , Wang Li , Shanthanna Harsha 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionThe reported use of cannabis within surgical population is increasing. Cannabis use is potentially associated with increased harms and varied effects on pain control. These have important implications to perioperative care.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing surgical patients reporting cannabis use preoperatively to control patients with no cannabis exposure, in a 1:2 ratio. To control for confounding, we used a propensity score-matched analysis to assess the adjusted association between cannabis use and study outcomes. Our primary outcome was a composite of (1) respiratory arrest or cardiac arrest, (2) intensive care admission, (3) stroke, (4) myocardial infarction and (5) mortality during this hospital stay. Secondarily, we assessed the effects on pain control, opioid usage, induction agent dose and nausea-vomiting.ResultsBetween January 2018 and March 2019, we captured 1818 patients consisting of cannabis users (606) and controls (1212). For propensity score-matched analyses, 524 cannabis patients were compared with 1152 control patients. No difference in the incidence of composite outcome was observed (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.23 to 3.98). Although a higher incidence of arrhythmias (2.7% vs 1.6%) and decreased incidence of nausea-vomiting needing treatment (9.6% vs 12.6%) was observed with cannabis users vs controls, results were not statistically significant. No significant differences were observed with other secondary outcomes.ConclusionOur results do not demonstrate a convincing association between self-reported cannabis use and major surgical outcomes or pain management. Perioperative decisions should be made based on considerations of dose, duration, and indication.
Anatomy of the thoracic paravertebral space: 3D micro-CT findings and their clinical implications for nerve blockade
Authors: Cho Tae-Hyeon , Kim Shin Hyung , O Jehoon , Kwon Hyun-Jin , Kim Ki Wook , Yang Hun-Mu 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundA precise anatomical understanding of the thoracic paravertebral space (TPVS) is essential to understanding how an injection outside this space can result in paravertebral spread. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the three-dimensional (3D) structures of the TPVS and adjacent tissues using micro-CT, and investigate the potential routes for nerve blockade in this area.MethodsEleven embalmed cadavers were used in this study. Micro-CT images of the TPVS were acquired after phosphotungstic acid preparation at the mid-thoracic region. The TPVS was examined meticulously based on its 3D topography.ResultsMicro-CT images clearly showed the serial topography of the TPVS and its adjacent spaces. First, the TPVS was a very narrow space with the posterior intercostal vessels very close to the pleura. Second, the superior costotransverse ligament (SCTL) incompletely formed the posterior wall of the TPVS between the internal intercostal membrane and vertebral body. Third, the retro-SCTL space broadly communicated with the TPVS via slits, costotransverse space, intervertebral foramen, and erector spinae compartment. Fourth, the costotransverse space was intersegmentally connected to the adjacent retro-SCTL space.ConclusionsA non-destructive, multi-sectional approach using 3D micro-CT more comprehensively demonstrated the real topography of the intricate TPVS than previous cadaver studies. The posterior boundary and connectivity of the TPVS provides an anatomical rationale for the notion that paravertebral spread can be achieved with an injection outside this space.
Evolution of Autopoiesis and Multicellularity in the Game of Life
Authors: Turney Peter D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recently we introduced a model of symbiosis, Model-S, based on the evolution of seed patterns in Conway's Game of Life. In the model, the fitness of a seed pattern is measured by one-on-one competitions in the Immigration Game, a two-player variation of the Game of Life. Our previous article showed that Model-S can serve as a highly abstract, simplified model of biological life: (1) The initial seed pattern is analogous to a genome. (2) The changes as the game runs are analogous to the development of the phenome. (3) &#x93;Tournament selection in Model-S is analogous to natural selection in biology. (4) The Immigration Game in Model-S is analogous to competition in biology. (5) The first three layers in Model-S are analogous to biological reproduction. (6) The fusion of seed patterns in Model-S is analogous to symbiosis. The current article takes this analogy two steps further: (7) Autopoietic structures in the Game of Life (still lifes, oscillators, and spaceships—collectively known as ashes) are analogous to cells in biology. (8) The seed patterns in the Game of Life give rise to multiple, diverse, cooperating autopoietic structures, analogous to multicellular biological life. We use the apgsearch software (Ash Pattern Generator Search), developed by Adam Goucher for the study of ashes, to analyze autopoiesis and multicellularity in Model-S. We find that the fitness of evolved seed patterns in Model-S is highly correlated with the diversity and quantity of multicellular autopoietic structures.