bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waste disposal systems of Addis Ababa City, the African Capital, Ethiopia
Authors: Shiferaw Hailu , Shoamare Fantu , Legesse Seifu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Industries have played vital roles for economic development that enable people to create new and better livelihoods, more income, and modern life systems. However, Ethiopia has little benefited from industry sector due to limited number of industries with less advanced technologies. This study was conducted in Addis Ababa, the Capital City of Africa. Datasets were collected from 2,204 institutions through structured interview, field observation and GPS points. Datasets were entered, cleaned and analyzed using a relational database system in Visual Basic and MS-access database environment. Spatial distribution of industries indicates that only 18% of industries were found in industry zones, while 82% are outside industry zones and of which 78% of them are found in residential areas. Industrial wastes are disposed either to nearest river or open field. The findings indicate that only 10% of industries treated and disposed their wastes whereas 90% didn’t treat industrial wastes but disposed to the environment. The major observed impacts were on: affecting human and animals’ health, pollute surface and groundwater, pollute soil and air, trigger firing, damage ditches, block canals and cause over floods, among others. It requires concerted efforts to minimize and avoid improper waste disposal systems so as to realize economically active, environmental suitable and socially conduce capital city for its residents, tourist and business people.
Global Pandemic Trends of COVID-19 in 2020
Authors: Chen Hai-Zhen , Cai Bo , Chen Jian-Guo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has been global threaten to public health. This paper provides perspective to the decision-making for public health control of the pandemic or the spread of epidemic.Methods: According to the WHO global reported database, we developed and used the number of cumulative cases, and the number of cumulative deaths to calculate and analyze rates of incidence, mortality, and fatality by country, with respect to the 30 highest outbreak (Top 30) countries.Results： As of December 31, 2020, of the global population of 7.585 billion, the cumulative number of reported cases was 81,475,053, and the cumulative number of deaths was 1,798,050. The incidence rate of COVID-19 was 1074.13 per 100,000 population, the mortality rate was 23.70 per 100,000, and the case fatality rate was 2.21%. Among the Top 30 countries, the five countries with the highest number of reported cumulative cases were, in rank, the United States (19,346,790 cases), India (10,266,674), Brazil (7,563,551), Russia (3,159,297) and France (2,556,708), and the five countries with the highest number of cumulative deaths were the United States (335,789 cases), Brazil (192,681), India (148,738), Mexico (123,845) and Italy (73,604). Globally, the countries with the highest incidence rate were, in rank, Andorra, Luxembourg, Montenegro, San Marino, and Czechia; the countries with the highest mortality rate were, in rank, San Marino, Belgium, Slovenia, Italy, and North Macedonia. The highest fatality rate was found in Yemen, Mexico, Montserrat, Isle of Man, and Ecuador, respectively. In China, 96,673 cases of COVID-19 and 4788 deaths were reported in 2020, ranking the 78th and the 43rd, respectively, in the world. The incidence rate and mortality rate were 6.90/105 and 0.34/105, respectively, ranking 207th and 188th in the world. The case fatality rate was 4.95%, ranking 11th in the world.Conclusions： The COVID-19 prevalence is still on the rise, and the turning points of incidence and mortality are not yet forecasted. Personal protection, anti-epidemic measures and efforts from public health personnel, medical professionals, biotechnology R&D personnel, effectiveness of the vaccination programs and the governments, are the important factors to determine the future prevalence of this coronavirus disease.
Optimal Concentrations of Silicon Enhance the Growth of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Cultivars by Improving Nodulation, Root System Architecture, and Soil Biological Properties
Authors: Shamshiripour Mahdieh , Motesharezadeh Babak , Rahmani Hadi Asadi , Alikhani Hossein Ali , Etesami Hassan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Today, the beneficial role of silicon (Si) in increasing the growth and yield of monocotyledons has been proven. But the effect of this useful element on dicotyledonous plants such as legumes has been less studied. In addition, the effect of Si on the development of roots and on nodulation in soybeans is still an unexplored research area. In this study, the effect of different levels of Si (0, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg Si kg-1 soil) from potassium silicate source on some soil biological properties, root morphological characteristics and nutritional responses of four soybean cultivars (cv., Katool, Sari, Saland and Saman with specific growth groups and identity cards) was studied under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that Si application in all cultivars caused a significant increase in shoot dry weight, root length and increased Si and nitrogen uptake in soybean shoots. Also, the application of Si increased nodulation in four soybean cultivars compared to the control treatment. The observed different responses to Si addition were cultivar-specific, probably related with the various Si efficiency strategies developed by these four soybean cultivars. The responses of soybeans to the application of Si levels were finally positive up to the level of 600 mg Si kg-1 and at higher levels there were no any increase (or an inhibitory effect) in nutritional responses and other growth characteristics compared to control. Silicon also caused a significant increase in total bacterial population, silicate-solubilizing bacteria population, microbial biomass, and microbial respiration rate of the soil under cultivation of different soybean cultivars. In this study, the improved growth (shoot dry weight) of soybean cultivars associated with Si treatment was highly correlated with nodulation, root morphological traits, and soil biological properties. In general, our findings suggest that optimal concentrations of Si can be a promising way to improve the production of soybean cultivars.
An Example of Mild Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn Caused by Anti-Cob
Authors: Steffey Nancy B. , Lieb Mary A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A woman whose serum contained multiple alloanti-bodies delivered a full-term infant with mild hemolytic disease of the newborn. The direct antiglobulin test performed on the cord cells was positive with monospecific anti-IgG. An acid elution performed on the cord cells yielded anti-Cob. These findings were consistent with the presence of anti-Cob in the maternal serum. Neonatal clinical findings showed a mildly affected infant who demonstrated a moderate rise in total bilirubin and slight jaundice. The infant experienced no further complications and was discharged.
Trend analysis of selected hydro-meteorological variables for the Rietspruit sub-basin, South Africa
Authors: Banda Vincent Dzulani , Dzwairo Rimuka Bloodless , Singh Sudhir Kumar , Kanyerere Thokozani 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIdentifying hydro-meteorological trends is critical for assessing climate change and variability both at a basin and regional level. This study examined the long- and short-term trends from stream discharge, temperature, and rainfall data around the Rietspruit sub-basin in South Africa. The data were subjected to homogeneity testing before performing the trend tests. Inhomogeneity was widely detected in discharge data, hence no further analyses were performed on such data. Temperature and rainfall trends and their magnitudes at yearly, seasonal, and monthly time steps were identified after applying the non-parametric Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator. The possible starting point of a trend was determined by performing the sequential Mann-Kendall test. This study revealed a combination of upward and downward trends in both temperature and rainfall data for the time steps under observation. For rainfall on an annual basis, there were no statistically significant monotonic trends detected, although non-significant downward trends were dominant. However, significant decreasing rainfall trends were observed in dry and low rainfall months, which were April, August, September, and November. In contrast, significant upward temperature trends were detected at the Vereeniging climate station at an annual scale and in October, November, spring, and winter. The findings are critical for climate risk management and reduction decisions for both near- and long-term timescales.
MALAT1 Promotes Tumorigenesis and Increases Cellular Sensitivity to Herceptin in HER2-positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Yang Chuansheng , Zhu Hongbo , Tan Yeru , Zhu Renjie , Wu Xiaoping , Li Yuehua , Wang Cunchuan 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The function of MALAT1, a long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), in HER2-
positive breast cancer remains largely unexplored.

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of MALAT1 on tumor development in
HER2-positive breast cancer.

Methods:
We detected MALAT1 expression in HER2-positive breast cancer cells and tissues, and
analyzed the effects of MALAT1 on cell proliferation in HER2-positive breast cancer cells lines
(BT-474 and SKBR3). A mouse xenograft model was established for detecting the function of
MALAT1 in HER2-positive breast cancer.

Results & Discussion:
As a result, MALAT1 was remarkably up-regulated in HER2-positive
breast cancer both in cells and tissues. In addition, the silencing of MALAT1 inhibited the proliferation
of HER2-positive breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, knockdown of
MALAT1 by shRNA down-regulated DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b, while up-regulated BRCA1
and PTEN in HER2-positive breast cancer both in cell lines and mouse xenograft models.

Conclusion:
In short, MALAT1 might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for HER2-
positive breast cancer therapy.
Understanding the Role of Histone Deacetylase and their Inhibitors in
Neurodegenerative Disorders: Current Targets and Future Perspective
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Kundu Satyabrata , Singh Arti , Singh Shamsher 
Published: June 2021

:
Neurodegenerative diseases are the group of pathological conditions that cause motor inc-ordination (jerking movements), cognitive and memory impairments result due to degeneration of neurons in a specific area of the brain. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, neurochemical imbalance and histone deacetylase enzymes (HDAC) are known to play a crucial role in neurodegeneration. HDAC is classified into four categories (class I, II, III and class IV) depending upon their location and functions. HDAC1 and 2 are involved in neurodegeneration while HDAC3-11 and class III HDACs are beneficial as neuroprotective. HDACs are localized in different parts of the brain- HDAC1 (hippocampus and cortex), HDAC2 (nucleus), HDAC3, 4, 5, 7 and 9 (nucleus and cytoplasm), HDAC6 & HDAC7 (cytoplasm) and HDAC11 (Nucleus, Cornus ammonis 1 and spinal cord). In pathological conditions, HDAC up-regulates glutamate, phosphorylation of tau, and glial fibrillary acidic proteins while down-regulates BDNF, Heat shock protein 70, Gelsolin. Class III HDACs are divided into seven sub-classes (SIRT1-SIRT7). Sirtuins are localized in the different parts of the brain and neuron -Sirt1 (nucleus), Sirt2 (cortex, striatum, hippocampus and spinal cord), Sirt3 (mitochondria and cytoplasm), Sirt4, Sirt5 & Sirt6 (mitochondria), Sirt7 (nucleus) and Sirt8 (nucleolus). SIRTs (1, 3, 4, and 6) are involved in neuronal survival, proliferation and modulating stress response, and SIRT2 is associated with Parkinsonism, Huntington disease and Alzheimer’s disease, whereas, SIRT6 is only associated with Alzheimer’s disease. In this critical review, we have discussed the mechanisms and therapeutic targets of HDACs would be beneficial for the management of neurodegenerative disorders.
Comparison of Conventional and Microwave Synthesis of Phenyl-1H-pyrazoles and Phenyl-1H-pyrazoles-4-carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Machado Antônio S. , de Carvalho Flávio S. , Mouraa Rayssa B.P. , Chaves Lorrayne S. , Lião Luciano M. , Sanz Germãn , Vaz Boniek G. , Rodrigues Marcella F. , Romão Wanderson , Menegatti Ricardo , Silva Gloria N.S. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Privileged scaffolds are of high importance for molecules containing the pyrazole subunit
due to their broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. For this reason, a method that is more efficient
needs to be developed for the preparation of pyrazole derivatives.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was the optimisation of the conventional synthesis of the pyrazole ring and
the oxidation of phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde to phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid through Microwave-
Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS).

Methods:
We performed a comparison between conventional synthesis and conventional synthesis with microwave
heating using the synthesis method of pyrazole ring described by Finar and Godfrey and for the oxidation
of phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde, the method described by Shriner and Kleiderer was used.

Results:
: MAOS reduces the reaction time to obtain all compounds compared to conventional heating. At a temperature
of 60°C, 5 minutes of reaction time, and power of 50 W, the yield of phenyl-1H-pyrazoles (3a-m) compounds
was in the range of 91 - 98% using MAOS, which is better than conventional heating (72 - 90%, 75ºC, 2
hours). An improvement in the yield for the oxidation reaction was also achieved with MAOS. The compounds
(5a-m) were obtained with yields ranging from 62 - 92% (80ºC, 2 minutes, 150 W), while the yields with conventional
heating were in the range of 48 - 85% (80ºC, 1 hour). The 26 compounds were achieved through an
easy work-up procedure with no chromatographic separation. The pure products were characterised by the spectral
data obtained from IR, MS, 1H and 13C NMR or HSQC/HMBC techniques.

Conclusion:
The advantages of MAOS include short reaction time and increased yield, due to which it is an attractive
option for pyrazole compounds synthesis.
Preparation of Graphene/N-doped Carbon Nanohybrids and Their Application in Supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Biao , Annamalai Kundrakudi , Chen Tianlu , Chen Yueqiu , Tao Yousheng 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Nanocarbon hybrids have been a topic of interest in recent
years because of their important role in energy storage and conversion device
fabrication.

Objective:
To get low-cost graphene/N-doped carbon composites (G-NC) for supercapacitor
applications.

Method:
G-NC samples were prepared with a two-step hydrothermal method and characterized
with field emission scanning electron microscopy, 77K nitrogen adsorption, and
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of samples was investigated
with cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge measurements in threeelectrode
configurations.

Results:
Samples showed a sheet-type morphology and nanoporous structure. The nanohybrids
had a specific surface area of 350 m2g-1, delivered maximum specific capacitance
of 103 F g-1 at 0.5A g-1 in 6 M KOH with good cycle stability.

Conclusion:
Low-cost G-NC nanohybrids with good electrochemical performance are
promising for supercapacitor applications.
The Effects of Oral Energy-Dense Supplements on Nutritional Status in Nondiabetic Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Yang Yaya , Qin Xianhui , Chen Junzhi , Wang Qi , Kong Yaozhong , Wan Qijun , Tao Huiqin , Liu Aiqun , Li Youbao , Lin Zizhen , Huang Yan , He Yanhuan , Lei Zihan , Liang Min 
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives
Fat-based energy-dense nutritional supplements may offer benefits over protein- or carbohydrate-dense supplements for patients receiving dialysis because of the adverse metabolic consequences of the latter. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of the short-term use of a fat-based nutritional supplement on various measures of nutritional status in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis who have low dietary energy intake.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We enrolled nondiabetic patients receiving hemodialysis for >3 months who had inadequate dietary energy intake (<30 kcal/kg per day). The participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive an oral fat-based energy-dense supplement (300 kcal daily) or routine care for 12 weeks (n=120 per group). The primary outcome was the change in phase angle measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, a marker of cell integrity and body cell mass, from the baseline to week 12. The secondary outcomes were changes in quality of life. Other outcomes included laboratory nutritional indicators and physical examinations.

Results
The average age of the total population was 47 (SD: 12) years, and 55% were men. The median of dialysis vintage was 43.4 (22.5–76.3) months; 240 participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=120) or control group (n=120). In total, 228 (95%) participants completed the trial. The change in phase angle did not differ significantly between the intervention and control groups (estimate, 0.0; 95% confidence interval, −0.1 to 0.1 versus estimate, 0.0; 95% confidence interval, −0.1 to 0.1; estimated difference, 0.0; 95% confidence interval −0.2 to 0.2; P=0.99). None of the 19 domains of quality of life differed between the groups. Adverse events were reported in 23 (19%) participants in the control group and 40 (33%) participants in the intervention group.

Conclusions
In nondiabetic patients on maintenance hemodialysis, short-term administration of fat-based energy-dense nutritional supplement has no clinically significant effect on nutritional status as measured by phase angle.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2021_08_03_CJN16821020.mp3
ET-Coessential and ET-Coclosed submodules
Authors: Fandi Firas sh. , Yaseen Sahira M. 
Published: June 2021

Let M be an R-module, where R be a commutative;ring with identity. In this paper, we defined a new kind of submodules, namely; ET-coessential and ET-Coclosed submodules of M. Let T be a submodule of M. Let K H M, K is called ET-Coessential of H in M (KâŠ†ET.ce H), if . A submodule H is called ET- coclosed in M of H has no proper coessential submodule in M, we denote by (KâŠ†ET.cc H) , that is, KâŠ†ET.ce H implies that K = H. In our work, we introduce;some properties of ET-coessential and ET-coclosed submodules of M.
Quality of life in children with atopic dermatitis: A one-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Gazibara Tatjana , Reljic Vesna , Jankovic Slavenka , Peric Jelena , Nikolic Milos , Maksimovic Natasa 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Literature on the quality of life trends across time in children with atopic dermatitis are scarce.

Aims:
To assess factors associated with quality of life of children with atopic dermatitis after a one-year follow-up and to examine the factors contributing to greater improvement in the atopic dermatitis-related quality of life over one year.

Methods:
Our cohort consisted of 98 children who were treated for atopic dermatitis at the clinic of dermatovenereology. Data collection included atopic dermatitis scoring using the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index, Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) for children aged > four years and Infants’ Dermatitis Quality of Life Index (IDLQI) for children aged 0–4 years. Categorization of the impairment of quality of life score due to atopic dermatitis was as follows: mild (score from 0 to 6), moderate (score from 7 to 12) and severe (score from 13 to 30). The cohort was followed for one year after which a total of 80 children were reassessed.

Results:
Improvements of both CDLQI and IDLQI were observed in children whose impairment of quality of life due to atopic dermatitis after one year was ‘mild’. This was not observed in children whose atopic dermatitis caused either ‘moderate’ or ‘severe impairment’ of their quality of life. Adjusted analysis showed that lower initial SCORAD and greater improvement in SCORAD after the one-year follow-up were associated with a better quality of life at follow-up.

Limitations:
The size of our cohort was relatively small. Study participants were recruited from the largest urban and medical referral center in Serbia. Persons from suburban or rural regions may have had different perceptions of atopic dermatitis-related quality of life.

Conclusion:
Children with less severe atopic dermatitis were more likely to improve their atopic dermatitis-related quality of life. Lower SCORAD was associated with both better quality of life initially and greater improvement in quality of life after one year of follow-up.
Cerebellar metastasis of a Liposarcoma: Case report and literature review
Authors: Silva Montes de Oca Andres , Barbero-Aznarez Pablo , Velasco Margarita Jo , Almunia Monica Lara 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Liposarcoma (LPS) is a rare type of tumor; they come from the adipose tissue. It is the most common type of soft-tissue sarcoma. Every type of LPS has morphological features, immunophenotypic, and molecular pathogenesis characteristics of their own. In this case, we are going to report a cerebellar metastatic disease from a well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDL) with pleomorphic component, not found in our literature research.

Case Description:
A 72-year-old woman with progressive pain and inflammation in the left knee with functional limitation when climbing stairs. MRI shows a tumor in the vastus medialis of the left thigh. Pathology result was pleomorphic and WDL, Stage III and negative for MDM2 and CDK4. Extension study was carried out, finding nodular lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere with mass effect and partial obliteration of the fourth ventricle, suspicious of distant disease.

Conclusion:
Cerebellar metastasis of LPS is uncommon; there are only a few cases reports with the literature reviews describing orbital or skull base metastases, but not in the cerebellum. Our case allows us to remember that neurological symptoms, no matter how subtle, in patients diagnosed with LPS, a secondary affectation of the central nervous system must be ruled out, even though it is a rare location. The findings of distant disease in LPSs, allow planning oncological treatment options and targeted radiotherapeutic.
EE-LEACH: Energy Enhancement in LEACH to Improve Network Life Time of Homogeneous Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Anshu Kumar Dwivedi DUBEY  
Published: June 2021

Purpose ”“ In the recent scenario, there are various issues related to wireless sensor networks such as clustering, routing, packet loss, network strength. The core functionality of primarily wireless sensor networks is sensor nodes that are randomly scattered over a specific area. The sensor senses the data and sends it to the base station. Energy consumption is an important issue in wireless sensor networks. Clustering and cluster head selection is an important method used to extend the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. The main goal of this research article is to reduce energy consumption using a clustering process such as CH determination, cluster formation, and data dissemination.

Methodology/approach/design ”“ The simulation in this paper was finished utilizing MATLAB programming methodology and the proposed technique is contrasted with the LEACH and MOD-LEACH protocols.

Findings ”“ The simulation results of this research show that the energy consumption and dead node ratio are improved of wireless sensor networks as compared to the LEACH and MOD-LEACH algorithms.

Originality/value ”“ In the wireless sensor network there are various constraints energy is one of them. In order to solve this problem use CH selection algorithms to reduce energy consumption and consequently increase network lifetime.