bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Genetic Characterizations of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi in Captive Red Pandas (Ailurus Fulgens) In Sichuan Province, Southwestern China
Authors: Zeng Yang-yang , Meng Wan-Yu , Liu Song-Rui , Yao Jin-Chuan , He Ming , Wang Li-Qin , Zuo Zhi-Li , Yue Chan-Juan , Deng Lei , Peng Guangneng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Enterocytozoon bieneusi (E. bieneusi) can infect a broad range of animals, and also the major pathogen for human microsporidiosis. The risk of zoonosis is uncertain because of limited research on red pandas. In addition, the semi-free range breeding enables the red panda direct contact with tourists. It is essential to investigate the prevalence and genotypes and to evaluate the safety of this breeding mode. Methods: Based on nested PCR, 198 fecal specimens were sampled from 6 zoos in Sichuan province from July 2020 to December 2020, to identify positive samples by amplifying the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal RNA with specific primers. The correlation analysis of infection rate was carried out between different breeding modes (captive and semi-free-range). To cluster the identified genotypes with related genotypes to deduce zoonotically potential by phylogenetic analysis. In addition, Multilocus genotypes (MLGs) in ITS-positive samples were performed using the Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) tool.Results: The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) results showed that 12.1% (24/198) samples were positive for E.bieneusi. The infection rates varied from 0% to 18.0% in different zoos and were significantly different in different breeding methods (χ2=5.442, P=0.0197). Genotypes D, SC02, and SCR1(novel) were clustered in zoonotic group 1, while genotype PL2 is clustered in group 2-like with uncertain risk by phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, 3 distinct multilocus genotyping were formed in ITS-positive isolates.Conclusions: These results revealed the circulating of E. bieneusi in zoo red pandas, indicating that red pandas may be a source of human microsporidiosis and that semi-free range breeding mode as a risk factor increased the E. bieneusi infection rate and potential cross-species transmission.
Insilico Designing of a Chimeric Vaccine Using EIS (Rv2416c) Protein Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37Rv; An Immunoinformatics Approach
Authors: Radhakrishnan Logesh , V Lavanya , Jamal Shazia , Ahmed Neesar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a respiratory pathogen that causes Tuberculosis disease (TB). There are a large number of proteins that are involved in the pathogenesis of TB. Stimulating the immune response against TB is very important to clear the pathogens from host. In the present study, an Immunoinformatics conduit is used for epitope based chimeric vaccine designing against TB. Enhanced Intracellular Survival (EIS) protein from Mtb is used for designing the chimeric vaccine. 1 B-cell epitope, 8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and 6 Helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes were predicted based on the MHC allele binding, immunogenicity, antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity and IFN epitopes. The selected epitopes were used for chimeric vaccine designing. Further, 3D structure elucidation, structural refinement and validation of the designed chimeric vaccine was carried out. The 3D structure was used for Protein-Protein docking studies with Toll like receptor 4 (TLR-4), followed by molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) and the interaction between the chimeric vaccine and TLR-4 complex was verified.
Based on Robust Sliding Mode and Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Attitude of Quadrotor Load UAV
Authors: Wang Zhaoji , Zhao Tong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a mass adaptive control method combining robust sliding mode control (SMC) and linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) is designed for the quadrotor load unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with mass variation. The scheme combines the advantages of SMC and LADRC. SMC can enhance the robustness of the controller, improve the anti-disturbance performance and overcome the problem of low control precision caused by bandwidth limitation of LADRC. The linear extended state observer (LESO) can estimate the external and internal disturbances of the system in real time, and then compensate the total disturbance through the PD controller. In order to simplify parameter setting, adaptive control is introduced in LADRC to adjust controller parameters in real time. In addition, adaptive law is also used to control the mass variation of the quadrotor. Then the stability of the whole system is verified by Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the comparison with LADRC shows the superiority of the designed scheme, which can track the reference signal stably and effectively.
Transient Evolution of Rheological Properties of Dense Granular Inertial Flow Under Plane Shear
Authors: Zhang Xuejie , Wang Wei , Liu Xiaojun , Liu Kun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Exploration on the transient evolution of the rheological properties of dense granular inertial flow is essential for revealing how the balance is established between the boundary drive strength and the internal shear strength. In this paper, discrete element method simulations are performed to study the transient flow characteristics of a dense granular system under plane shear in the inertial regime. To this end, we quantitatively analyze the changes in the system’s flow state, interfacial friction coefficient, internal friction coefficient, and microstructure. Simulation results show that the evolution of the horizontal flow experiences three typical stages, namely transmission, adjustment, and stabilization. Meanwhile, the shear dilatancy caused by the vertical movement of particles, gradually loosens the filling state, weakens the spatial geometric constraint and the system’s tangential load-bearing capacity, thereby decreasing the interfacial friction coefficient and reducing the boundary drive strength. On the other hand, the variations in the anisotropies of both contact orientation and contact forces, increase the internal friction coefficient and improve the internal shear strength. Therefore, the evolution of flow state from initially static to finally stable reduces the boundary drive strength while enhances the internal shear strength, and eventually a balance between them is achieved. Distinguished from the micromechanical behaviors, under different shear velocities the internal shear strength always mainly originates from the anisotropies in contact orientation and in normal contact force. Moreover, the contribution of the anisotropy in contact orientation becomes more predominant with the increase of shear velocity.
Apoptosis Induction in Human Lung and Colon Cancer Cells via Impeding VEGF Signaling Pathways
Authors: Behelgardi Maryam Farzaneh , Shahvir Zahra Gholami , Asghari S.Mohsen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
There is ample evidence to suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent mitogen factor in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis and that blockade of VEGF-mediated signals can also prevent tumor growth via enforcing cell apoptosis. In the current study, we assessed the suppressing effect of VGB4, a VEGF antagonist peptide with the binding ability to both VEGF receptor1 and VEGF receptor2, on VEGF-induced proliferation and migration of the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 using MTT assay, colony formation assay, and Scratch-wound assay. To evaluate the apoptotic inductive effect of VGB4 on A549 and HT29 cells, apoptosis assay was carried out by flow cytometry analysis. Likewise, p53 and PTEN expression level was examined by immunofluorescence microscopy. In addition, the level of proteins involved in VEGF signaling pathways related to apoptosis was investigated using western blot analysis. Our results indicated that VGB4 markedly inhibited VEGF-induced proliferation and migration, and induced apoptosis of A549 and HT29 cells dose dependently. Encouragingly, significant downregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis (XIAP), Procaspase9, and procaspase3, as well as upregulation of PTEN and P53 tumor suppressors, BCL2 Associated X (BAX), Cytochrome c, cleaved caspase9, and cleaved caspase3 in VGB4-treated A549 and HT29 cells, further confirmed the profound inductive influence of VGB4 on apoptotic pathways. These findings along with the results from our previous studies show that VGB4 may be considerable for cancer therapy.
TREM2 Limits Progression of Deficits and Spreading of Tau Pathology in Mice
Authors: Feiten Astrid F. , Au Carol , Hummel Annika van , Hoven Julia van der , Deng Yuanyuan , Przybyla Magdalena , Bright Fiona , Butler Troy , Delerue Fabien , Toutonji Amer , Guglietta Silvia , Wegmann Susanne , Hyman Bradley T. , Krieg Carsten , Ke Yazi D. , Ittner Lars 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background. Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau form pathogenic lesions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains. As ΑD clinically progresses, tau pathology propagates in a very distinct pattern between connected brain areas. The molecular mechanisms underlying this tau pathology spread remain largely unknown. Genome-wide association studies have identified polymorphisms in triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 ( TREM2 ) as genetic risk factors for AD and regulators of Aβ pathology-dependent tau propagation. Whether TREM2 contributes to neuron-to-neuron spreading of pathological tau remains unknown.Methods. Here, we crossed Trem2- deficient mice with P301S tau transgenic TAU58 mice and subjected the mice to behavioral testing and assessed neuropathology. Microglial activation states were determined using cytometry by of flight (CyTOF) and quantitative PCR. Tau spreading was assessed in vivo using tracing of focal tau expression.Results. Trem2 depletion significantly aggravated tau-induced early-onset motor and behavioural deficits. Neuropathologically, Trem2 reduction increased the number of hyperphosphorylated tau lesions in young TAU58 brains and reduced disease-associated microglia. Direct assessment of inter-neuronal spread of tau in vivo revealed significantly enhanced propagation of tau in the absence of Trem2 , suggesting that microglial TREM2 limits the progression of tau pathology in disease.Conclusion. Taken together, our data suggests that reduced TREM2 function accelerates the onset and progression of functional deficits and tau neuropathology in tau transgenic mice, which is - at least in part - due to increased tau spreading. Therefore, reduced TREM2 function may contribute to early AD by augmenting tau toxicity and its inter-neuronal propagation.
The roles of microRNA-328-3p on proliferation and radiotherapy in breast cancer
Authors: Shi Ying , Jiang Pengli , Li Jinqiu , Xu Shengnan , Liu Bin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives

MicroRNAs regulates varieties of molecular pathways and involve in breast carcinogenesis. Here both breast cancer cell lines and human breast cancer tissues were used to investigate the roles of miR-328-3p in breast cancer.

Methods

The impact of miR-328-3p on proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and T47D cells was determined by MTT assay. transwell migration and matrigel invasion assays were performed to evaluate effects of miR-328-3p on migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Caspase 3/7 activities were measured to examine the impact of miR-328-3p on radiotherapy-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The possible binding site of miR-328-3p was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect miR-328-3p expression level in breast cancer tissues. Western blot and immunohistochemical studies were used to examine protein expression in breast cancer cells and breast cancer tissue, respectively.

Results

miR-328-3p involved growth, migration and invasion in breast cancer cells and was associated with radiotherapy sensitivity. MiR-328-3p enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells by regulating BAX and Bcl-2 expression. Meanwhile, aberrant expression of miR-328-3p was associated with altered expression of PTEN and p-AKT in breast cancer cells. Further study showed miR-328-3p bound to 3’-UTR of PTEN. In addition, breast cancer tissues showed higher level of miR-328-3p than normal breast tissue and higher level of miR-328-3p was seen in lower stage in breast cancer.

Conclusions

miR-328-3p displayed essential functions in breast carcinogenesis and might be used to predict radiotherapy response and prognosis in breast cancer.
Quantitative CT Analysis to Predict Esophageal Fistula in Patients With Advanced Esophageal Cancer Treated by Chemotherapy or Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Shi Yan-Jie , Liu Chang , Wei Yi-Yuan , Li Xiao-Ting , Shen Lin , Lu Zhi-Hao , Sun Ying-Shi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEsophageal fistula is one of the most serious complications of chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for advanced esophageal cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of quantitative computed tomography (CT) analysis and to establish a practical imaging model for predicting esophageal fistula in esophageal cancer patients administered chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. MethodsThis study retrospectively enrolled 204 esophageal cancer patients (54 patients with fistula, 150 patients without fistula) and all patients were allocated to the test and validation cohorts according to the time of inclusion in a 1:1 ratio. Ulcer depth, tumor thickness and length, and minimum and maximum enhanced values for esophageal cancer were measured in pretreatment CT imaging. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations of CT quantitative measurements with esophageal fistula. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was also used. ResultsLogistic regression analysis showed that independent predictors of esophageal fistula included tumor thickness [odds ratio (OR)=1.167; p = 0.037], the ratio of ulcer depth to adjacent tumor thickness (OR=164.947; p < 0.001), and the ratio of minimum to maximum enhanced CT value (OR=0.006; p = 0.039) in the test cohort at baseline CT imaging. These predictors were used to establish a predictive model for predicting esophageal fistula, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.946 and 0.841 in the test and validation groups, respectively. ConclusionQuantitative pretreatment CT analysis has excellent performance for predicting fistula formation in esophageal cancer patients who treated by chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.
Knowledge and Practice on Prevention of Intestinal Parasitic Infection Among Mothers of Under-five Children in Bulehora Town, Bule Hora, Oromia Region, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: KASIMAYAN PANDIARAJAN , KASIRAJAN ANANDAPANDIAN KANAPATHY THANGAVEL , RAJAN DIVYA RANI , SUBBIAH SANKARALINGAM , BALASUNDARAM HARINATHAN 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Intestinal parasitic diseases are one of the general medical conditions in numerous networks, especially among youngsters in country spaces of agricultural nations. Ethiopian studies have concentrated on the commonness and circulation of 2 intestinal parasitic contaminations, fundamentally among younger students. A couple of studies have looked at the scope on knowledge of under-five children’s mothers regarding the prevention of parasitic infections. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional examination with a quantitative methodology was conducted from November 30 to December 30, 2020, among mothers of under-five children in Bule Hora town. The example size in this investigation was 403. The information will be coded, checked sent out to SPSS Statistics rendition 25 for investigation. Result: The general information and practice level concerning mothers of under-five kids in regards to counteraction of intestinal parasitic contaminations was, all among 51.6 % had poor knowledge and 53.1 % had poor practice. Nearly 50% of children not washing of hands and legs after a play in the soil and more than 55% of mothers not advising the child to wear footwear outside the home. Remaining all aspect shows considerably good practice from mother’s mention. In the Ethnic group, Oromo (AOR 2.199, 95% CI 1.05-4.59) people had good knowledge, mothers who not ready to peruse and compose (AOR 0.26, 95% CI 0.12-0.57) had poor knowledge than others. Further in age group (31-35) (AOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.38-6.24) had a good practice, Amara (AOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.18-0.85) people had poor practice and mothers who not able to read and write (AOR 3.97, 95% CI 1.26-12.49) had good practice than other educated.Conclusion: Mothers with children under the age of five have a considerably low degree of optimal awareness and experience when it comes to preventing intestinal parasitic infection. As a result, campaigns or formal training can be used to raise community consciousness about intestinal parasitic invasion counteraction and control.
14-3-3ζ Captures SET in the Cytoplasm, Mediating Tau Pathology and Cognitive Impairments
Authors: Xia Yiyuan , Zhang Qing , Wu Gang , Wang Erming , Wang Minghui , Huang Fang , Zeng Kuan , Vatansever Sezen , Guo Lei , Neff Ryan , Yu Kaiwen , Li Yuxin , Ke Dan , Wang Qun , Haroutunian Vahram , Peng Junmin , Wang Jian-Zhi , Liu Rong , Zhang Bin , Gao Xiang , Wang Xiaochuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: 14-3-3ζ is overexpressed in brain regions affected by tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and its expression correlates with disease progression. The nuclear protein SET is a specific and efficient endogenous inhibitor of PP2A, which acts as a major protein phosphatase regulating tau phosphorylation and is compromised in AD. However, whether 14-3-3ζ mediates the cytoplasmic retention of SET and its related downstream events in AD remains elusive. Methods: We performed Spearman correlation analysis between 14-3-3 and SET in normal control brains and AD brains in a large-scale proteomic study of AD, and observed the distribution of SET and 14-3-3 in AD brain neurons, thus finding the cytoplasmic retention event of SET. We synthesized the peptides that prevented SET from binding to 14-3-3, and evaluated the effects of these peptides in blocking tau pathology. Results: Here, we reported that there is a significant increase in 14-3-3ζ interaction with SET during aging in 3´Tg AD mice and the human AD brain. 14-3-3ζ captures and sequesters SET in the cytoplasm and subsequently inhibits PP2A activity, induces tau hyperphosphorylation and triggers neurodegeneration, leading to behavioral impairments in mice infected with adeno-associated virus encoding 14-3-3ζ. Interestingly, as a dimer and scaffold protein, 14-3-3ζ was found to bind to SET while simultaneously recruiting CKII, which induced SET phosphorylation and cytoplasmic retention. Conversely, silencing 14-3-3ζ impeded CKII phosphorylation of SET. Moreover, blocking the 14-3-3ζ interaction with SET with the peptide NESGDPSSKST substantially induced SET translocation back to the nucleus, augmented PP2A activity and subsequently led to reduced tau hyperphosphorylation, decreased synapse loss and rescue of cognitive deficits in 14-3-3ζ mice. Furthermore, the peptide NESGDPSSKST but not the scramble peptide attenuated tau pathology and cognitive deficits in a 3´Tg AD mouse model. Conclusions: Our data strongly indicate that 14-3-3ζ captures SET in the cytoplasm and simultaneously recruits CKII, and this interaction plays a critical role in mediating tau-related clinical and neuropathological alterations. Inhibition of the 14-3-3ζ interaction with SET may be therapeutically useful for treating AD.
Key Measurement Concepts and Appropriate Clinical Outcome Assessments in Pediatric Achondroplasia Clinical Trials
Authors: Aldhouse Natalie Valerie Jane , Kitchen Helen , Johnson Chloe , Marshall Chris , Pegram Hannah , Pease Sheryl , Collins Sam , Baker Christine Lynn , Beaverson Katherine , Crews Chandler , Massey Jill , Wyrwich Kathleen W 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to identify fit-for-purpose clinical outcome assessments (COAs) to evaluate physical function and social and emotional well-being in clinical trials enrolling a pediatric population with achondroplasia. Qualitative interviews lasting 90 minutes were conducted in the US with children/adolescents with achondroplasia and/or their caregivers. Interviews utilized concept elicitation methodology to explore experiences and priorities for treatment outcomes. Cognitive debriefing methodology explored relevance and understanding of selected COAs. Results: Interviews (N=36) were conducted with caregivers of children age 0–2 years (n=8) and 3–7 years (n=7) and child/caregiver dyads with children age 8–11 years (n=15) and 12–17 years (n=6). Children/caregivers identified pain, short stature, impacts on physical functioning (e.g. reach), and impacts on well-being (e.g. negative attention/comments) as key bothersome aspects of achondroplasia. Caregivers considered an increase in height (n=9/14, 64%) and an improvement in limb proportion (n=11/14, 71%) as successful treatment outcomes. The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and Quality of Life in Short Stature Youth (QoLISSY-Brief) were cognitively debriefed. CHAQ items evaluating activities, reaching, and hygiene were most relevant. QoLISSY-Brief items evaluating reaching, height bother, being treated differently, and height preventing doing things others could were most relevant. The CHAQ and QoLISSY-Brief instructions, item wording, response scales/options and recall period were well understood by caregivers and adolescents age 12–17. Some children aged 8–11 had difficulty reading, understanding, or required caregiver input. Feedback informed minor amendments to the CHAQ and the addition of a seven-day recall period to the QoLISSY-Brief. These amendments were subsequently reviewed and confirmed in N=12 interviews with caregivers of children age 0–11 (n=9) and adolescents age 12–17 (n=3).Conclusions: Achondroplasia impacts physical functioning and well-being. An increase in height and improvement in limb proportion are considered to be important treatment outcomes, but children/adolescents and their caregivers expect that a successful treatment should also improve important functional outcomes such as reach. The CHAQ (adapted for achondroplasia) and QoLISSY-Brief are relevant and appropriate measures of physical function and emotional/social well-being for pediatric achondroplasia trials; patient-report is recommended for age 12–17 years and caregiver-report is recommended for age 0–11 years.
Single-cell RNA Sequencing Reveals That Injected ADSCs Change the Macrophage Profile in a Murine Model of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Rahman Mamatali , Wang Zhao-Yan , Li Jun-Xiang , Xu Hao-Wei , Wu Qiong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a deadly chronic interstitial lung disease with no effective treatment options other than lung transplantation. Allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are considered ideal as seed cells for stem cell-based therapy, and some studies illustrated the therapeutic effect of ADSCs on IPF, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Methods: A single intratracheal dose of bleomycin (BLM) was administered to induce pulmonary injury/fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice, after GFP-labeled mouse ADSCs (mADSCs) were implanted intratracheally to explore their potential therapeutic effects in the inflamed/fibrotic lung microenvironment. The mADSCs were then retrieved through fluorescence-activated cell sorting and subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).Results: Our data indicate that the single-dose intratracheal administration of mADSCs could significantly increase the life span of IPF mice by remodeling the extracellular matrix and promoting the polarization of macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Conclusions: A single intratracheal injection of mADSCs alleviated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis by readjustment of the mouse lung microenvironment, which was reflected in changes of the lung C1QB+, APOE+ and TREM2+ macrophages in the mouse model.