bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarcomere mutation negative hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is associated with ageing and obesity
Authors: de Feria Alejandro E , Kott Andrew E , Becker Jason R 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundDespite advances in our understanding of the genetic causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a large portion of this patient population do not carry sarcomere gene mutations when screened. It remains largely unknown why patients without sarcomere mutations develop asymmetric myocardial hypertrophy.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of probands with HCM who underwent genetic testing to determine if clinical phenotypes were different depending on sarcomere mutation status. A medical history, three generation family history and clinical phenotyping were performed on 127 probands with HCM. Genetic screening was performed using clinically available HCM genetic testing panels.ResultsWe found that probands with HCM with pathogenic sarcomere mutations were over three times more likely to have a family history of HCM (66% vs 17%, p<0.0001) and were diagnosed with HCM at a much younger age (32 vs 51 years old, p<0.0001). In contrast, probands with HCM without sarcomere mutations were significantly more obese (body surface area p=0.003, body mass index p=0.04 adjusted for age) and were more likely to present with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (p=0.0483).ConclusionPatients with sarcomere mutation negative HCM present at an older age and are more obese compared with patients with sarcomere mutation positive HCM. The role of ageing and obesity in asymmetric myocardial hypertrophy warrants further investigation.
Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block provides improved short-term analgesia compared with the femoral nerve block in hip fracture surgery: a single-center double-blinded randomized comparative trial
Authors: Lin D-Yin , Morrison Craig , Brown Brigid , Saies Alexander Andrew , Pawar Reshma , Vermeulen Marthinus , Anderson Stewart Robert , Lee Tsai Sheng , Doornberg Job , Kroon Hidde Maarten , Jaarsma Ruurd Lukas 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe femoral nerve block (FNB) may be used for analgesia in hip fracture surgery. The pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block is a novel regional technique and may provide better pain reduction while preserving motor function, but these blocks have not been directly compared.MethodsIn a single-center double-blinded randomized comparative trial, patients presenting for hip fracture surgery received analgesia with either FNB or PENG block. The primary outcome measure was pain scores (Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) 0 to 10). Secondary outcomes were postoperative quadriceps strength, opiate use, complications, length of hospital stay, and patient-reported outcomes.ResultsSixty patients were randomized and equally allocated between groups. Baseline demographics were similar. Postoperatively in recovery (day 0), the PENG group experienced less pain compared with the FNB group. (In the PENG group, 63% experienced no pain, 27% mild pain, and 10% moderate to severe pain. In comparison, 30% of the FNB group reported no pain, 27% mild pain, and 36% moderate to severe pain; p=0.04). This was assessed using an 11-point Likert NRS. Quadriceps strength was better preserved in the PENG group in the recovery unit (assessed using Oxford muscle strength grading, 60% intact in the PENG group vs none intact in the FNB group; p<0.001) and on day 1 (90% intact vs 50%, respectively; p=0.004). There was no difference in other outcomes.ConclusionsPatients receiving a PENG block for intraoperative and postoperative analgesia during hip fracture surgery experience less postoperative pain in the recovery room with no difference detected by postoperative day 1. Quadriceps strength was better preserved with the PENG block. Despite the short-term analgesic benefit and improved quadriceps strength, there were no differences detected in the quality of recovery.
Diverse organizations of actin and nuclei underpin the evolution of indeterminate growth in Chytridiomycota and Dikarya
Authors: Dee Jaclyn M. , Berbee Mary L. 
Published: February 2021

Indeterminate growth, as in the hyphae of the “Humongous Fungus” of Michigan, requires sustained nuclear migration and cell wall remodeling. In this study, we compare actin organization and patterns of nuclear positioning among four distantly related, indeterminate species of phylum Chytridiomycota: Cladochytrium replicatum Karling (Cladochytriaceae), Physocladia obscura Sparrow (Chytriomycetaceae, Chytridiales), Nowakowskiella sp. J. Schröt. (Nowakowskiellaceae), and Polychytrium aggregatum Ajello (Polychytriales). We combined light microscopy, nuclear staining with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, and actin staining with rhodamine phalloidin to analyze actin distribution and nuclear migration during somatic growth in the four Chytridiomycota species. Actin formed plaques, filaments, cables, and perinuclear shells in patterns that varied across the four species. All four species initiated indeterminate growth by extending branching, anucleate rhizomycelium, <1 µm in diameter. Nuclei, some elongated as if migrating, first appear in intercalary segments that widened to diameters >1 µm. After mitosis, an intercalary swelling in C. replicatum became septate and a single, distal nucleus migrated tipwards to a new swelling. In Physocladia obscura, swellings were aseptate and multinucleate, and several nuclei migrated tipwards into a new swelling. Nuclei migrated tipwards from irregularly cylindrical filaments in Nowakowskiella sp., and in Polychytrium aggregatum, from regular, hypha-like filaments. Thus, distantly related lineages of zoosporic fungi deploy ancestral morphogenetic machinery in differing patterns that result in convergent, indeterminate growth.
Broadband ventilated metamaterial silencer for high reflection based on Fano-like interference
Authors: Jiang Quanyuan , Wang Xiaopeng , Xi Yanhui , Huang Weikang , Chen Tianning 
Published: February 2021

Conventional sound shielding structures is difficult to meet the requirements of low-to-middle frequency broadband sound insulation and free ventilation. In this paper, we propose a ventilated metamaterial silencer based on Fano-like interference, which can achieve the sound transmission loss (STL) of more than 10 dB in the range of 516–970 Hz with subwavelength thickness (0.11 [Formula: see text]) while remains an opening area ratio of 23%. The designed silencer is composed of a large central orifice and four surrounding coiling channels, making the sound waves passing through the two areas generate Fano-like asymmetric transmission spectrum and form efficient reflection to insulate sound coming from various directions. The parametric studies are also carried out to investigate the tunable acoustic performance. Experiment measurement matches well with the simulation results. In the future, the proposed silencer may have potential applications in practical environments requiring broadband sound insulation and free air flows.
The Common GermlineTP53-R337HMutation Is Hypomorphic and Confers Incomplete Penetrance and Late Tumor Onset in a Mouse Model
Authors: Jeffers John R. , Pinto Emilia M. , Rehg Jerold E. , Clay Michael R. , Wang Jinling , Neale Geoffrey , Heath Richard J. , Lozano Guillermina , Lalli Enzo , Figueiredo Bonald C. , Pappo Alberto S. , Rodriguez-Galindo Carlos , Chen Wenan , Pounds Stanley , Ribeiro Raul C. , Zambetti Gerard P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe TP53-R337H founder mutation exists at a high frequency throughout southern Brazil and represents one of the most common germline TP53 mutations reported to date. It was identified in pediatric adrenocortical tumors in families with a low incidence of cancer. The R337H mutation has since been found in association with early-onset breast cancers and Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). To study this variability in tumor susceptibility, we generated a knockin mutant p53 mouse model (R334H). Endogenous murine p53-R334H protein was naturally expressed at high levels in multiple tissues and was functionally compromised in a tissue- and stress-specific manner. Mutant p53-R334H mice developed tumors with long latency and incomplete penetrance, consistent with many human carriers being at a low but elevated risk for cancer. These findings suggest the involvement of additional cooperating genetic alterations when TP53-R337H occurs in the context of LFS, which has important implications for genetic counseling and long-term clinical follow-up.Significance:A p53-R334H knockin mouse serves as an important model for studying the most common inherited germline TP53 mutation (R337H) that is associated with variable tumor susceptibility.
Longitudinal Immune Profiling Reveals Unique Myeloid and T-cell Phenotypes Associated with Spontaneous Immunoediting in a Prostate Tumor Model
Authors: Ager Casey R. , Obradovic Aleksandar Z. , Arriaga Juan M. , Chaimowitz Matthew G. , Califano Andrea , Abate-Shen Cory , Drake Charles G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The theory of cancer immunoediting, which describes the dynamic interactions between tumors and host immune cells that shape the character of each compartment, is foundational for understanding cancer immunotherapy. Few models exist that facilitate in-depth study of each of the three canonical phases of immunoediting: elimination, equilibrium, and escape. Here, we utilized NPK-C1, a transplantable prostate tumor model that we found recapitulated the three phases of immunoediting spontaneously in immunocompetent animals. Given that a significant portion of NPK-C1 tumors reliably progressed to the escape phase, we were able to delineate cell types and mechanisms differentially prevalent in equilibrium versus escape phases. Using high-dimensional flow cytometry, we found that activated CD4+ effector T cells were enriched in regressing tumors, highlighting a role for CD4+ T cells in antitumor immunity. CD8+ T cells were also important for NPK-C1 control, specifically, central memory–like cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Regulatory T cells (Treg), as a whole, were counterintuitively enriched in regressing tumors; however, high-dimensional analysis revealed their significant phenotypic diversity, with a number of Treg subpopulations enriched in progressing tumors. In the myeloid compartment, we found that iNOS+ dendritic cell (DC)–like cells are enriched in regressing tumors, whereas CD103+ DCs were associated with late-stage tumor progression. In total, these analyses of the NPK-C1 model provide novel insights into the roles of lymphoid and myeloid populations throughout the cancer immunoediting process and highlight a role for multidimensional, flow-based analyses to more deeply understand immune cell dynamics in the tumor microenvironment.
A report on the moth (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) diversity of Kavvai River basin in Kerala, India
Authors: Alex Chembakassery Jose , Soumya Koladyparambil Chinnan , Sajeev Thavalathadathil Velayudhan 
Published: February 2021

In the present paper, we report the presence of 503 species of moths (343 identified to species, 160 identified to genus) that belong to 371 genera under 42 families. The study was conducted at Kavvai River basin, northern Kerala, India for three years from 2015 to 2017. Traditional light trapping method was employed to collect the moths during the night. Among the families reported, Erebidae was the most dominant family followed by Crambidae, Geometridae, Noctuidae, and Pyraliade. The study highlights the significance of the riverbasin in conserving rich diversity of invertebrates.
Potential remote drug delivery failures due to temperature-dependent viscosity and drug-loss of aqueous and emulsion-based fluids
Authors: Rosenfield Derek Andrew , Acosta Alfred , Trigilio Tavares Denise , Schilbach Pizzutto Cristiane 
Published: February 2021

The ability to inject wild animals from a distance using remote drug delivery systems (RDDS) is one of the most effective and humane practices in wildlife management. Several factors affect the successful administration of drugs using RDDS. For example, temperature-dependent viscosity change in aqueous (Newtonian) or water-in-oil emulsion (non-Newtonian) fluids, commonly used in tranquilizer and adjuvant-based vaccines, respectively, can potentially result in drug delivery failure. To better understand impacts due to viscosity changes, we investigated the fluid dynamics and ballistics involved in remote drug delivery. Our research was divided into two phases: we investigated the viscosimetric physics in the first phase to determine the fluid behavior under different temperature settings, simulating recommended storage temperature (7ºC), plus an ambient temperature (20ºC). In the second phase of our study, we assessed the drug delivery efficiency by specialized darts, using a precision CO2 projector and a blowgun. Efficiency assessment was done by comparing the original drug volume with the actual volume injected after firing the dart into a fresh pork hide mounted on a ballistic gel. Before testing, we configured the required minimum impact velocity for our parameters and intramuscular injection (determined as ˃ 40 m/sec). All executed dart-deployments performed satisfactorily, despite initial concerns of potential incomplete drug delivery, however, noteworthy drug loss was observed (˃10%) associated with drug residues in syringe/dart dead space and within the transfer needle. This could potentially result in inaccurate dosing depending on the drug used. Furthermore, the use of a blowgun for remote drug delivery (>3m) is discouraged, especially when using specialized darts, as the required minimum dart velocity for adequate penetration is difficult to reach, in addition to a loss of precision during targeting.
An insight into the butterfly (Lepidoptera) diversity of an urban landscape: Guwahati, Assam, India
Authors: Bohra Sanath Chandra , Purkayastha Jayaditya 
Published: February 2021

The paper deals with the butterfly diversity of Guwahati, Assam, India which was the result of a survey conducted from April 2016 to July 2020. During the study period we recorded 249 species of butterflies belonging to six families namely Papilionidae (24 species), Pieridae (23 species), Lycaenidae (57 species), Riodinidae (two species), Nymphalidae (97 species), and Hesperiidae (46 species). Twenty-eight species were recorded from commercial areas, 74 species from residential areas, and 248 species from forested areas. Nineteen species were found to be very common, 39 species common, 50 species fairly common, 53 species uncommon, 57 species rare, and 31 species very rare. Twenty-four species and nine subspecies including Discophora sondiaca, Athyma selenophora, and Athyma kanwa phorkys are legally protected under different schedules as per the Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972).
New additions to the larval food plants of Sri Lankan butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)
Authors: Jayasinghe Himesh Dilruwan , Rajapakshe Sarath Sanjeewa , Ranasinghe Tharindu 
Published: February 2021

Larval food plants (LFPs) of Sri Lankan butterflies have been well documented recently with the aid of studies done by numerous researchers. In this paper, we present further records, 118 LFPs used by 83 butterflies and 145 plant-butterfly combinations. LFPs of Lethe dynsate and Potanthus pseudomaesa pseudomaesa are reported for the first time in Sri Lanka. Important observations, possible LFPs and LFP preferences of rare and threatened butterfly species, are discussed. This information on plant-butterfly interactions will play an important role in conservation management of both plant and butterfly species.
Autonomic Alterations After Pulmonary Vein Isolation in the CIRCA‐DOSE (Cryoballoon vs Irrigated Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation) Study
Authors: Tang Lisa Y. W. , Hawkins Nathaniel M. , Ho Kendall , Tam Roger , Deyell Marc W. , Macle Laurent , Verma Atul , Khairy Paul , Sheldon Robert , Andrade Jason G. ,   CIRCA‐DOSE Study Investigators
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe natural history of autonomic alterations following catheter ablation of drug‐refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is poorly defined, largely because of the historical reliance on non‐invasive intermittent rhythm monitoring for outcome ascertainment.Methods and ResultsThe study included 346 patients with drug‐refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation undergoing pulmonary vein isolation using contemporary advanced‐generation ablation technologies. All patients underwent insertion of a Reveal LINQ (Medtronic) implantable cardiac monitor before ablation. The implantable cardiac monitor continuously recorded physical activity, heart rate variability (measured as the SD of the average normal‐to‐normal), daytime heart rate, and nighttime heart rate. Longitudinal autonomic data in the 2‐month period leading up to the date of ablation were compared with the period from 91 to 365 days following ablation. Following ablation there was a significant decrease in SD of the average normal‐to‐normal (mean difference versus baseline of 19.3 ms; range, 12.9–25.7;P<0.0001), and significant increases in daytime and nighttime heart rates (mean difference versus baseline of 9.6 bpm; range, 7.4–11.8;P<0.0001, and 7.4 bpm; range, 5.4–9.3;P<0.0001, respectively). Patients free of arrhythmia recurrence had significantly faster daytime (11±11 versus 8±12 bpm,P=0.001) and nighttime heart rates (8±9 versus 6±8 bpm,P=0.049), but no difference in SD of the average normal‐to‐normal (P=0.09) compared with those with atrial fibrillation recurrence. Ablation technology and cryoablation duration did not influence these autonomic nervous system effects.ConclusionsPulmonary vein isolation results in significant sustained changes in the heart rate parameters related to autonomic function. These changes are correlated with procedural outcome and are independent of the ablation technology used.RegistrationURL:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01913522.
Cholesterol Efflux and Collateral Circulation in Chronic Total Coronary Occlusion: Effect‐Circ Study
Authors: Lee Seonhwa , Park Jung Mi , Ann Soo‐Jin , Kang Moonjong , Cheon Eun Jeong , An Dan Bi , Choi Yu Ri , Lee Chan Joo , Oh Jaewon , Park Sungha , Kang Seok‐Min , Lee Sang‐Hak 
Published: February 2021

Background
The mechanism through which high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) induces cardioprotection is not completely understood. We evaluated the correlation between cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), a functional parameter of HDL, and coronary collateral circulation (CCC). We additionally investigated whether A1BP (apoA1‐binding protein) concentration correlates with CEC and CCC.

Methods and Results

In this case‐control study, clinical and angiographic data were collected from 226 patients (mean age, 58 years; male, 72%) with chronic total coronary occlusion. CEC was assessed using a radioisotope and J774 cells, and human A1BP concentration was measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Differences between the good and poor CCC groups were compared, and associations between CEC, A1BP, and other variables were evaluated. Predictors of CCC were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis. The CEC was higher in the good than in the poor CCC group (22.0±4.6% versus 20.2±4.7%;
P
=0.009). In multivariable analyses including age, sex, HDL‐cholesterol levels, age (odds ratio [OR], 0.96;
P
=0.003), and CEC (OR, 1.10;
P
=0.004) were identified as the independent predictors of good CCC. These relationships remained significant after additional adjustment for diabetes mellitus, acute coronary syndrome, and Gensini score. The A1BP levels were not significantly correlated with CCC (300 pg/mL and 283 pg/mL in the good CCC and poor CCC groups, respectively,
P
=0.25) or CEC.

Conclusions
The relationship between higher CEC and good CCC indicates that well‐functioning HDL may contribute to CCC and may be cardioprotective; this suggests that a specific function of HDL can have biological and clinical consequences.
Ontogenetic and seasonal shifts in movement and habitat selection of the alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii)
Authors: Hyder Saidee J. , Ennen Joshua R. , Davenport Jon M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We aimed to discern the seasonal movement patterns, home range sizes, and microhabitat associations of subadult Macrochelys temminckii in a West Tennessee population. Because this population was previously monitored (i.e., telemetry and habitat use) as juveniles after the initial release in 2005, studying the movement ecology and habitat use of the same released cohort 12 years later allows for unique comparisons between hatchling and subadult ecology. We used radio telemetry to collect movement and microhabitat data of 16 subadult M. temminckii during one year. Our results suggest that seasonal and ontogenetic variation in movement patterns and habitat selection occur within a cohort of M. temminckii. Compared to juveniles, subadults used deep slough areas with high overstory tree cover and had larger home ranges (100% minimum convex polygons [MCP]). Additionally, as subadults, the mean distance moved (m) varied among seasons and furthest during summer. Subadults used deeper water, with higher temperatures and significantly more tree canopy cover, than random locations. Overall, the home range estimate for subadults (mean MCP ± SE; 1.64 ± 0.57 ha) was greater than for juveniles (0.044 ± 0.021 ha). These home-range estimates and habitat usage patterns were similar to subadults in other studies. The seasonal and ontogenetic variations suggest that habitat heterogeneity is critical to sustain populations of introduced M. temminckii.
In “defense” of Podarcis latastei, an Italian insular endemic species (Squamata: Lacertidae)
Authors: Castiglia Riccardo , Senczuk Gabriele , Böhme Wolfgang , Corti Claudia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Based on genetic and morphological evidence, Senczuk et al. (2019) formally raised the Podarcis populations from the Western Pontine Islands, previously classified as several subspecies of P. siculus, to species rank, i.e. Podarcis latastei (Bedriaga, 1879). This taxonomic change was not accepted in the checklist of the European herpetofauna by Speybroeck et al. (2020), recently published on Amphibia-Reptilia. In this note we respond to the reasons given by Speybroeck and colleagues and support the validity of Podarcis latastei as an endemic Italian species.