bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychomotor skills development for Veress needle placement using a virtual reality and haptics-based simulator
Authors: Di Vece Chiara , Luciano Cristian , De Momi Elena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeVeress needle (VN) insertion, if not correctly performed, could cause severe injuries to intra-abdominal organs and vessels. Therefore, cognitive and psychomotor skills training is needed. Virtual reality (VR) and haptic technologies have the potential to offer realistic simulations.MethodsWe developed a novel VR and haptic surgical simulator for VN insertion to teach trainees how to correctly puncture the abdominal wall, experiencing realistic tactile sensations throughout the simulation. The simulator allows for both procedural and realistic training. We released two different versions: the first using the OpenHaptics$$^{\text {TM}}$$TM(OH) Toolkit and the second exploiting CHAI3D. We evaluated the learning effect using different performance indexes (time to perform the procedure, error in insertion angle, number of undesired contacts with organs) in an insertion task for both experienced urologists and students.ResultsA general improvement of the chosen performance indexes was registered in the second repetition of the task for both groups. From the questionnaires, the simulator leveraging OH provides the trainee with a more precise haptic feedback, whereas the one exploiting CHAI3D allows them to perform the procedure more easily thanks to the better visualization of the virtual environment. The results proved that the participants appreciated both implementations, and the System Usability Scale (SUS) test resulted in a “good” usability.ConclusionThe haptics-based and VR simulator has shown the potential to be an important resource for the basic urological training in obtaining the pneumoperitoneum and improving the acquisition of the necessary psychomotor skills, allowing for extended and more effective training without compromising patient safety.
Re-Os dating, and Pb-H-O isotope characteristics, of the Abra Cu-Ag-Pb-Au polymetallic deposit in Western Australia
Authors: Xi Chaozhuang , Zheng Minghong , He Ling , Xia Haodong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Abra deposit, a large lead-silver-copper–gold polymetallic deposit in Western Australia, is located at the eastern of the metallogenic belt of the Jillawarra basin in the Bangemall basin. The 4th to the 6th rock section of the Irrigully Group of Edmund Series are the principal ore-host strata, composed mainly of sandstone and fine sandstone. The orebody in Abra can be classified into two types as upper layer-like lead-silver and lower veins or netvein copper–gold. The metal minerals are mainly galena, chalcopyrite, and pyrite, while the gangue minerals are mainly quartz, dolomite, and barite. Both Re-Os isotopic age of the pyrite (1329.5 ± 98 Ma) with the initial (187Os/188Os) = 5.0 ± 3.8 and Pb isotopic compositions (206Pb/204Pb = 15.914–15.967, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.425–15.454, 208Pb/204Pb = 35.584–35.667) suggests that the metal minerals were sourced from the wall-rocks. δDV-SMOW values of quartz range from -35‰ to -17‰ whereas δ18OV-SMOW value range from 12‰ to 16‰ which indicates that the ore-forming fluids of Abra were medium–low temperature and medium–low salinity, and were mainly metamorphic water and secondary atmospheric precipitation. When the medium–low temperature ore-forming fluids are mixed with oxidizing reducing fluids carrying a large number of metal substances, a large number of ore-forming substances will be precipitated when the physical and chemical conditions change, thus it can be considered that the Abra deposit is a medium–low temperature hydrothermal polymetallic deposit.
A systematic review of behavioural and exercise interventions for the prevention and management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy symptoms
Authors: Tanay Mary Anne Lagmay , Armes Jo , Moss-Morris Rona , Rafferty Anne Marie , Robert Glenn 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) can result in functional difficulties. Pharmacological interventions used to prevent CIPN either show low efficacy or lack evidence to support their use and to date, duloxetine remains the only recommended treatment for painful CIPN. Non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise and behavioural interventions for CIPN exist.

Purpose
The aims were to (1) identify and appraise evidence on existing behavioural and exercise interventions focussed on preventing or managing CIPN symptoms, (2) describe psychological mechanisms of action by which interventions influenced CIPN symptoms, (3) determine the underpinning conceptual models that describe how an intervention may create behaviour change, (4) identify treatment components of each intervention and contextual factors, (5) determine the nature and extent of patient and clinician involvement in developing existing interventions and (6) summarise the relative efficacy or effectiveness of interventions to lessen CIPN symptoms and to improve quality of life, balance and muscle strength.

Methods
A systematic search of Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Health Management Information Consortium, Global Health and CINAHL was performed to identify articles published between January 2000 to May 2020, followed by OpenGrey search and hand-searching of relevant journals. Studies that explored behavioural and/or exercise interventions designed to prevent or improve symptoms of CIPN in adults who had received or were receiving neurotoxic chemotherapy for any type of cancer, irrespective of when delivered within the cancer pathway were included.

Results
Nineteen randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies which explored behavioural (n=6) and exercise (n=13) interventions were included. Four studies were rated as methodologically strong, ten were moderate and five were weak. Ten exercise and two behavioural interventions, including those that improved CIPN knowledge and self-management resources and facilitated symptom self-reporting, led to reduced CIPN symptoms during and/or after chemotherapy treatment.

Conclusions
The extent of potential benefits from the interventions was difficult to judge, due to study limitations. Future interventions should incorporate a clear theoretical framework and involve patients and clinicians in the development process.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Our findings show exercise interventions have beneficial effects on CIPN symptoms although higher quality research is warranted. Behavioural interventions that increase patient’s CIPN knowledge, improve self-management capacity and enable timely access to symptom management led to reduced CIPN symptoms.
Curve Flows with a Global Forcing Term
Authors: Dittberner Friederike 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe consider embedded, smooth curves in the plane which are either closed or asymptotic to two lines. We study their behaviour under curve shortening flow with a global forcing term. We prove an analogue to Huisken’s distance comparison principle for curve shortening flow for initial curves whose local total curvature does not lie below $$-\pi $$

-
π

and show that this condition is sharp. With that, we can exclude singularities in finite time for bounded forcing terms. For immortal flows of closed curves whose forcing terms provide non-vanishing enclosed area and bounded length, we show convexity in finite time and smooth and exponential convergence to a circle. In particular, all of the above holds for the area preserving curve shortening flow.
The ethics of resource allocation in translational genomic medicine
Authors: Munthe Christian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTwo basic models of the rationale of translational genomic medicine (TGM)—the “Lab Assisting Clinic” (LAC) and the “Clinic Assisting Lab” (CAL) models—are distinguished, in order to address the ethics of allocating resources for TGM. The basic challenge of justifying such allocation is for TGM to demonstrate sufficient benefits to justify the opportunity cost of lost benefits in other areas of medicine or research. While suggested ethics frameworks for translational medicine build on clearly distinguishing these models, actual TGM typically blurs them. Due to lack of and difficulty in collecting evidence, prospects for justifying the LAC model currently seem poor, but this difficulty might be overcome by more research that tests the very concept of TGM. The CAL model aims to thus advance science, but is ridden by ethical hazard, undermining attempts at justification. This leaves the notion of running bona fide controlled trials of entire TGM concepts that have been justified from the perspective of clinical and research ethics (and approved by IRBs). It remains, however, an open question if the outcomes of such trials will demonstrate benefits that can justify the investment in TGM. To advance the prospect of such justification further, charting of the cost-benefit profile of TGM compared to alternative health investments would be helpful.
Continuous integration in urban social-ecological systems science needs to allow for spacing co-existence
Authors: Haase Dagmar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUrbanization brings benefits and burdens to both humans and nature. Cities are key systems for integrated social-ecological research and the interdisciplinary journal of Ambio has published ground-breaking contributions in this field. This reflection piece identifies and discusses integration of the human and natural spheres in urban social-ecological research using the following foundational papers as important milestones: Folke et al. (1997), Ernstson et al. (2010) and Andersson et al. (2014). These papers each take unique approaches that aim to uncover core properties—processes, structures, and actors—of urban systems and set them into mutual relationship. This piece will end with a forward-looking vision for the coming 50 years of urban sustainability and resilience study in Ambio.
Survivin drives tumor-associated macrophage reprogramming: a novel mechanism with potential impact for obesity
Authors: Benaiges E. , Ceperuelo-Mallafré V. , Madeira A. , Bosch R. , Núñez-Roa C. , Ejarque M. , Maymó-Masip E. , Huber-Ruano I. , Lejeune M. , Vendrell J. , Fernández-Veledo S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Recent studies point to adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) as a link between obesity and cancer. We aimed to determine whether survivin, which is highly secreted by ASCs from subjects with obesity, might drive a pro-tumoral phenotype in macrophages.

Methods
The effect of ASC conditioned medium on the macrophage phenotype was assessed by expression studies. Survivin intracellular localization and internalization were examined by subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence, respectively. Loss- and gain-of-function studies were performed using adenoviral vectors, and gene expression patterns, migration and invasion capacities of cancer cells were examined. Heterotypic cultures of ASCs, macrophages and cancer cells were established to mimic the tumor microenvironment. Survivin-blocking experiments were used to determine the impact of survivin on both macrophages and cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of survivin was performed in macrophages from ascitic fluids of cancer patients and healthy controls.

Results
We found that obese-derived ASCs induced a phenotypic switch in macrophages characterized by the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. Macrophages were found to internalize extracellular survivin, generating hybrid macrophages with a tumor-associated phenotype that included secretion of survivin. Exogenous expression of survivin in macrophages generated a similar phenotype and enhanced the malignant characteristics of cancer cells by a mechanism dependent on survivin phosphorylation at threonine 34. Survivin secreted by both ASCs from subjects with obesity and tumor-associated macrophages synergistically boosted the malignancy of cancer cells. Importantly, survivin was mainly detected in ascites-associated macrophages from patients with a malignant diagnosis.

Conclusion
Our data indicate that survivin may serve as a molecular link between obesity and cancer and as a novel marker for tumor-associated macrophages.
Integration of manufacturing and pricing for downward substitution products decision-making
Authors: He Hua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith a cap-and-trade policy and green technology as inputs, we built a manufacturing ordering and pricing joint decision-making model for two downward substitution products to identify the conditions for optimal order quantities and prices of products under the additive demand case. Considering the case of a single period model, the conditions required for optimal manufacturing quantities and pricing were discussed, and the construction of the model was analyzed; furthermore, a study of the tactical choices between green technology inputs and manufacturing decisions was conducted, and the conditions required for green technology manufacturing input were obtained.
Muslim*innen in kommunalpolitischen Spitzenpositionen? Über die Prävalenz gegen muslimische Bürgermeisterkandidat*innen gerichtete Einstellungen in Deutschland und ihre sozial-psychologischen Triebfaktoren
Authors: Öztürk Cemal 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland sind Bürgermeister*innen muslimischen Glaubens kein Novum mehr und doch wäre es falsch von einer neuen Normalität zu sprechen. Besonders deutlich wurde dies durch die zurückgezogene Bürgermeisterkandidatur von Sener Sahin in der bayrischen Landgemeinde Wallerstein, die Anfang dieses Jahres für überregionale Schlagzeilen sorgte. Sein Fall zeigt exemplarisch, dass Muslim*innen in Deutschland immer seltener in ihrer individuellen Vielfalt wahrgenommen werden und dass die gegen Muslim*innen existierenden gruppenbezogenen Vorurteile dem Gleichheitsgebot des deutschen Grundgesetzes zuwiderlaufen. Dieser Aufsatz nimmt die Geschehnisse in Wallerstein zum Anlass, um einen empirisch-analytischen Blick auf die deutsche Gesellschaft zu werfen. Im Fokus steht dabei (a) die Prävalenz gegen muslimische Bürgermeisterkandidat*innen gerichteter Einstellungen und (b) ihre sozial-psychologischen Triebfaktoren. Die Auswertung einer Repräsentativbefragung des ALLBUS (2016) zeigt, dass die pauschale Ablehnung von muslimischen Bürgermeisterkandidat*innen keine Seltenheit in Deutschland ist. Mehr als die Hälfte der deutschen Bevölkerung steht muslimischen Bürgermeisterkandidat*innen skeptisch bis ablehnend gegenüber. Diese Negativhaltungen werden von einem ganzen Konglomerat sozial-psychologischer Erklärungsfaktoren begünstigt: Mitglieder freikirchlich-evangelischer Gemeinden, orthodoxe Christen*innen, sowie Befragte mit einem ausgeprägten Nationalstolz (Social-Identity-Hypothese); und insbesondere Bürger*innen, die den Islam und seine Angehörigen als Bedrohung wahrnehmen (Integrated-Threat-Theory-Hypothese), tendieren dazu, den Teilhabeaspirationen von Muslim*innen eine Absage zu erteilen. Besonders häufig findet sich diese Ablehnungshaltung unter Wählergruppen des rechten Parteienspektrums, unter älteren Befragten, in ländlichen Gebieten und an Orten, in denen Muslim*innen eine verschwindend geringe Minderheit darstellen. Vice versa können sich Kontakte mit Menschen mit einem Migrationshintergrund als Antiserum gegen anti-muslimische Vorurteile erweisen (Kontakt-Hypothese).
Gasification of spent pot-lining from the aluminum industry
Authors: Janajreh Isam , Elagroudy Sherien , Ghenai Chaouki , Raza Syed Shabbar , Adeyemi Idowu , Moustakas Konstantinos 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aluminum production generates enormous spent pot lining (SPL) waste of around one million tons yearly, and these wastes are usually disposed in landfills. Hence, the technical feasibility of SPL gasification using both equilibrium and reactive high-fidelity modeling was evaluated in this study. Three SPL with different washing treatment, i.e., water (WWSPL), acid treated (ATSPL), and full treated (FTSPL, a combination of both water and acid washing) were used for the modeling. The equilibrium model considered twelve species, while the high-fidelity simulation was modeled with multiple species. Moreover, the high fidelity model is governed by the steady non-isothermal Navier–Stokes equation coupled with the discrete phase in Eulerian–Lagrangian scheme. The process metrics were assessed via the produced syngas fraction (CO/H2) and gasification efficiency (GE). The equilibrium analysis of WWSPL, ATSPL, FTSPL, respectively, resulted in GE of 40, 65, and 75%. The corresponding syngas molar fractions for CO and H2 were 0.804 and 0.178 at 1450 °C; 0.769 and 0.159 at 1100 °C; and 0.730 and 0.218 at 1150 °C. These results suggest the potentiality and feasibility of gasifying the treated SPL, which was considered in the high-fidelity. Although the results show different trend from equilibrium for the FTSPL gasification (i.e., small molar fraction of CO2 and H2O and high syngas fraction dominated by CO at 0.75 and 0.1 H2 at best GE of 70%), it re-emphasizes the potential of the gasification of FTSPL as recyclable/renewable energy source.

Graphical abstract
Determination of corrugated core sandwich panels elastic constant based on three different experimental methods and effect of structural integrity on flexural properties
Authors: Abedzade Atar Hamid , Zarrebini Mohammad , Hasani Hossein , Rezaeepazhand Jalil 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study deals with the investigation of flexural stiffness and transverse shear rigidity in the direction of corrugation of the integrated and non-integrated corrugated core sandwich panels with the rectangular core. The non-integrated sandwich panels were reinforced with conventional 2-D fabrics in which resin provides the bond between core and skins. The integrated sandwich panels were reinforced with 3-D weft knitted fabrics in which bonding of the core wall to skins was carried out by combined efforts of knitted loop and resin. Using weft knitting technical capabilities, samples of the integrated and non-integrated structures were manufactured with the uppermost degree of resemblance in terms of geometry and mass. Flexural stiffness and transverse shear rigidity of the structures based on the known and unknown facing modulus of ASTM D7250 standard and Nordstrand–Carlsson methods were calculated. The estimated elastic constants based on unknown facing modulus and the Nordstrand–Carlsson methods were found to be highly compatible. However, the unknown facing modulus method is prone to disclose the statistical significant differences between the elastic constants of the structures with fewer tests. Regarding the unknown facing modulus method, it was found that the flexural stiffness and transverse shear rigidity of the non-integrated structure in the direction of corrugation were higher than those of the integrated structure. Results also indicated that the load-carrying capacity in the direction of corrugation was significantly higher in case of the non-integrated rectangular core structure compared with that of the integrated structure.
EMHD radiating fluid flow along a vertical Riga plate with suction in a rotating system
Authors: Khatun Sheela , Islam Muhammad Minarul , Mollah Md. Tusher , Poddar Saykat , Alam Md. Mahmud 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study is performed on the numerical investigation of electro-magnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) radiating fluid flow nature along an infinitely long vertical Riga plate with suction in a rotating system. The prevailing equations are generated from the Navier–Stokes’ and energy equations. A uniform suction velocity is introduced to control the flow. The prevailing boundary layer (BL) equations are the stuff to delineate the mechanical features of the flowing nature along with the electromagnetic device (Riga plate). Accordingly, the use of usual transformations on the equations transformed those into a coupled dimensionless system of non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs). After conversion, the elucidation of the set of equations is conducted numerically by an explicit finite difference method (FDM). The criteria for stable and converging solutions are constructed to find restrictions on various non-dimensional parameters. The retrieved restrictions are $$P_{r} \ge 0.19,\,$$

P
r

≥
0.19
,

$$R_{d} \ge 0.1,\,\,$$

R
d

≥
0.1
,

$$S \ge 1,$$

S
≥
1
,

$$E_{c} = 0.01\,\,$$

E
c

=
0.01

and $$0 < R \le 0.1$$

0
<
R
≤
0.1

. Furthermore, sensitivity tests on mesh and time as well as comparison within the literature have been demonstrated in graphical and tabular form. Finally, the important findings of the non-dimensional parameters influences have been portrayed in graphical manner by using the MATLAB R2015a tool. A substantial uprise is noted for both the velocities (secondary and primary) under the rising actions of the modified Hartmann number, whereas the suction parameter suppresses both the velocities.
Outcomes and predictors of early emergency department discharge among children with acute gastroenteritis and moderate dehydration
Authors: Almutairi Mohammed Khalaf , Al-Saleh Abdullah M. , Qadrah Bedoor H. Al , Sarhan Nora Tarig , Alshehri Norah Abdullah , Shaheen Naila A. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases that affects children and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. There is conflicting evidence regarding the effect of rapid intravenous fluid regimen on the clinical outcome of patients with acute gastroenteritis. This study aimed to assess the current practice of intravenous hydration on the clinical outcomes of pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis and determine the predictive factors for early discharge and emergency department (ED) revisit.

Methods:
A cohort study was carried out among children aged from 1 month to 14 years who presented to the ED in a tertiary care hospital between September 2015 and September 2017. Children diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis and moderate dehydration who require intravenous hydration were included in the study. The patients were followed up until discharge from ED, admission to the hospital or revisit to the ED. Collected variables were demographics, presenting symptoms, biochemical marker, amount of intravenous fluid (IVF) received and prescription of anti-emetics. Descriptive statistics were summarized as mean, standard deviation for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors.

Results:
Out of 284 patients, 148 (52%) were males, 20 (7%) were infants, 80 (28%) were toddlers, 90 (32%) were in preschool, 88 (31%) were in school and 6 (2.1%) were adolescents. No significant difference was observed in the admission rate, discharge within 12 h or less and ED revisits for those who received IVF >40 ml/kg as compared to those who received <40 ml/kg. Patients with bicarbonate level closer to normal are more likely to be discharged after 4 h (odds ratio (OR) 1.2 and 95% CI 1.12–1.43). Patients presenting only with vomiting/diarrhoea were less likely to revisit ED (OR 0.33 (95% CI 0.143 - 0.776), while patients with an increase in CO2 level (OR 1.19 and 95% CI 1.0 -1.436) and anion gap (OR 1.29 and 95% CI 1.08–1.54) were more likely to revisit within 1 week post discharge.

Conclusion:
This study did not show any additional benefits of receiving IVF > 40 ml/kg over 4 h neither in early discharge nor in reducing the ED revisit. CO2 closer to normal was a significant predictor for early discharge in 4 h where the closer level of CO2 and AGAP were associated with an increase in the chance of a revisit to the ED within 1 week after discharge.