bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuronal architecture and functional mapping of the taste center of larval Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Sun Long‐Long , Liu Xiao‐Lan , Wang Ya‐Nan , Berg Bente G. , Xie Gui‐Ying , Chen Wen‐Bo , Liu Yang , Wang Gui‐Rong , Zhao Xin‐Cheng , Tang Qing‐Bo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe sense of taste plays a crucial role in herbivorous insects by discriminating nutrients from complex plant metabolic compounds. The peripheral coding of taste has been thoroughly studied in many insect species, but the central gustatory pathways are poorly described. In the present study, we characterized single neurons in the gnathal ganglion of Helicoverpa armigera larvae using the intracellular recording/staining technique. We identified different types of neurons, including sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. The morphologies of these neurons were largely diverse and their arborizations seemingly covered the whole gnathal ganglion. The representation of the single neurons responding to the relevant stimuli of sweet and bitter cues showed no distinct patterns in the gnathal ganglion. We postulate that taste signals may be processed in a manner consistent with the principle of population coding in the gnathal ganglion of H. armigera larvae.
Gestational hyperglycemia and the risk of cardiovascular diseases among elderly Chinese women: Findings from the REACTION study
Authors: Hu Chunyan , Zhang Yi , Lin Lin , Wang Shuangyuan , Du Rui , Zhang Jie , Qi Hongyan , Li Mian , Zhu Yuanyue , Huo Yanan , Wan Qin , Qin Yingfen , Hu Ruying , Shi Lixin , Su Qing , Yu Xuefeng , Yan Li , Qin Guijun , Tang Xulei , Chen Gang , Xu Min , Xu Yu , Wang Tiange , Zhao Zhiyun , Gao Zhengnan , Wang Guixia , Shen Feixia , Luo Zuojie , Chen Li , Li Qiang , Ye Zhen , Zhang Yinfei , Liu Chao , Wang Youmin , Wu Shengli , Yang Tao , Deng Huacong , Chen Lulu , Zeng Tianshu , Zhao Jiajun , Mu Yiming , Bi Yufang , Wang Weiqing , Chen Yuhong , Lu Jieli , Ning Guang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundGestational hyperglycemia increases the risk of diabetes in later life. However, the risk of future cardiovascular diseases (CVD) related to gestational hyperglycemia remains inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of gestational hyperglycemia on the subsequent risk of CVD and its modifying factors among elderly Chinese women.MethodsWe conducted a case‐control study of elderly women from the baseline survey of Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals: a lONgitudinal (REACTION) study. Women with gestational hyperglycemia (n = 82), and controls matched by age and study site (n = 410) were included. Information on CVD, including reported coronary heart disease, stroke, or myocardial infarction, was collected through an interviewer‐assisted questionnaire.ResultsWomen with gestational hyperglycemia were more likely to develop diabetes (odds ratio [OR], 2.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50‐4.18) and CVD (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.05‐3.74). Even without progressing to type 2 diabetes, gestational hyperglycemia was associated with an increased risk of CVD (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.18‐7.00). However, subgroup analysis indicated that compared with those without gestational hyperglycemia or hypertension, women with both gestational hyperglycemia and hypertension had higher risk of CVD (OR, 3.98; 95% CI, 1.65‐9.58), whereas the risk estimate did not significantly change in women with gestational hyperglycemia alone (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 0.71‐6.57). Stratified analysis indicated that among those with overweight/obesity, inactive physical activity, or unhealthy dietary habits, gestational hyperglycemia increased the risk of CVD.ConclusionsIn elderly Chinese women, gestational hyperglycemia was associated with an increased risk of CVD in later life. This association was independent of the progression to diabetes and might be modified by lifestyle factors and hypertension.
Long noncoding RNA ZBED3‐AS1 restrains breast cancer progression by targeting the microRNA‐513a‐5p/KLF6 axis
Authors: Fu Aiqin , Yu Ze , Zhang Enning , Song Jijie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is the most commonly occurring malignancy in women. This study aimed to investigate the functions of the long noncoding RNA ZBED3‐AS1 (ZBED3‐AS1) in BC and its molecular mechanisms. qRT‐PCR was conducted to access the expression of ZBED3‐AS1, microRNA‐513a‐5p (miR‐513a‐5p), and Kruppel like factor 6 (KLF6) in BC. Additionally, BC cell viability and proliferative capacity were measured by MTT and 5‐Ethynyl‐20‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. A transwell assay was used for evaluating BC cell migration and invasion. The interactions among ZBED3‐AS1, miR‐513a‐5p, and KLF6 in BC were confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, feedback approaches were performed to determine whether ZBED3‐AS1 influences BC cell behaviors by regulating the miR‐513a‐5p/KLF6 axis. The murine xenograft model was established to assess the effect of ZBED3‐AS1 on tumor growth. The expression of ZBED3‐AS1 and KLF6 was reduced, while miR‐513a‐5p expression was elevated in BC. ZBED3‐AS1 elevation attenuated the malignant behaviors of BC cells, including viability, proliferative capacity, migration, and invasion. Mechanical experiments revealed that ZBED3‐AS1 targeted miR‐513a‐5p, and miR‐513a‐5p targeted KLF6 in BC. Feedback approaches validated that miR‐513a‐5p overexpression or KLF6 depletion reversed the inhibitory effects of ZBED3‐AS1 upregulation on viability, proliferative capacity, migration, and invasion of BC cells. Furthermore, ZBED3‐AS1 elevation attenuated the tumor growth in the murine xenograft model. ZBED3‐AS1 hindered the malignant development of BC cells by regulating the miR‐513a‐5p/KLF6 axis, providing a novel therapeutic target in BC.
Changes in ALFF and ReHo values in methamphetamine abstinent individuals based on the Harvard‐Oxford atlas: A longitudinal resting‐state fMRI study
Authors: Du Yanyao , Yang Wenhan , Zhang Jun , Liu Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMethamphetamine (MA) abuse has become a global public health problem due to damage to various systems throughout the body, especially the central nervous system. However, the differences in resting‐state brain function between short‐term and long‐term abstinence, the pros and cons of treatments, and the relationship between resting‐state brain function and behavioral tests are unknown. Sixty‐three MA abstinent individuals were followed up for nearly 1 year and treated with three different methods. The amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) based on the Harvard‐Oxford atlas (HOA) were measured by resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Impulsivity was evaluated by the Barratt Impulsivity Scale‐11 (BIS‐11). Brain regions with significant increases in ALFF and ReHo values in the long‐term abstinent group compared to the short‐term abstinent group were around the right frontal pole (McKetin et al., 2012, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03933.x) and right middle frontal gyrus (Wang et al., 2015, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133431). There were no significant differences among the three groups that experienced long‐term abstinence. The changes in ALFF and ReHo in the right middle frontal gyrus were significantly associated with BIS total scores, BIS attention scores, and BIS nonplanning scores. The right middle frontal gyrus is a critical region in MA long‐term abstinent individuals exposed to therapeutic intervention, and this region may be useful, when combined with BIS‐11, as a potential biomarker to identify the effect of abstinence with therapeutic intervention in MA individuals.
Al‐Anon Intensive Referral to facilitate concerned others’ participation in Al‐Anon Family Groups: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Timko Christine , Grant Kathleen M. , Han Xiaotong , Young Lance Brendan , Cucciare Michael A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTo test the effectiveness of an intervention, Al‐Anon Intensive Referral (AIR), to facilitate participation in Al‐Anon Family Groups (Al‐Anon).Design, Setting and ParticipantsMulti‐site, randomized controlled trial of AIR versus usual care (UC), with follow‐up assessments at 3, 6 and 12 months. The 12‐month follow‐up rate was 74%. Residential alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment programs in three US locations. Concerned others (COs) of patients in treatment for AUD. COs were mainly women (77%) who were patients’ spouses (33%) or parents (25%).Intervention and ComparatorAIR (n = 128) consisted of four sessions over 3 months with an Al‐Anon coach. UC (n = 151) was the treatment program’s offer of educational sessions for COs.MeasurementsPrimary outcome: COs’ self‐reports of any Al‐Anon attendance (yes or no) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes: number of Al‐Anon meetings and the CO–patient relationship (stressors, resources). Potential predictors of outcomes examined in generalized linear mixed models were their baseline value, time, CO–patient relationship type (marital or non‐marital), treatment program and condition.FindingsThere was no effect of condition for the primary outcome (28% in AIR, 21% in UC; Bayes factor = 1.86). Relationship stressors at follow‐ups were more severe for COs in a marital relationship with the patient than for COs in a non‐marital relationship [β = 2.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07, 3.32]. For CO–patient relationship resources at follow‐ups, the main effect for condition was significant (β = 1.33, 95% CI = 0.04, 2.61). COs assigned to the AIR condition had more resources than COs who were in the UC condition.ConclusionsRelative to usual care, Al‐Anon Intensive Referral was not associated with increases in participation of concerned others in Al‐Anon, but was associated with more resources in the concerned other–patient relationship.
Use of peritoneum in neovagina construction in gender‐affirming surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Tay Yu Ting , Lo Cheng Hean 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundGender dysphoria is defined as discomfort or distress that is caused by a discrepancy between a person's gender identity and that person's sex assigned at birth. The main objective of this study was to review the application, efficacy and outcomes of a novel surgical technique, peritoneal pull‐through technique vaginoplasty, in gender‐affirming surgery. Specific outcome parameters include (1) healing time (2) depth of cavity achieved (3) alleviation of dysphoria (4) morbidity of the surgery.MethodsThis systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement and PROSPERO registration obtained prior to commencement (PROSPERO CRD42020206736). A search was performed in OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, Willey Online Library and PubMed. Specialty‐related journals, grey literature and reference lists of relevant articles were manually searched.ResultsFrom 476 potentially relevant articles, 12 articles were analysed. The publications were all level 4 or level 5 evidence. Healing times were poorly reported or often not mentioned. Eight authors reported neovagina cavity depth of at least 13 cm and good patient satisfaction. Alleviation of dysphoria was not discussed by any of the publications and only six reported complications. Average follow up reported ranged from 6 weeks to 14.8 months.ConclusionThe application of peritoneal pull‐through vaginoplasty in gender‐affirming surgery is promising and novel. However, there is a paucity of data. Further research and longer‐term data are required to assess the efficacy and safety of this technique. Patients seeking this surgery overseas should be informed of the potential difficulties they may face.
The morbidity associated with paediatric burn wound escharotomies
Authors: Davenport Lisa M. , Cuttle Leila , McBride Craig A. , Kimble Roy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionAn escharotomy is an effective surgical procedure for the rapid decompression of a constricting and unyielding eschar, to permit restoration of blood flow. However, an escharotomy is also a full‐thickness incision, which adds additional scarring to the burn injury area. The cosmetic and functional morbidity of escharotomy scarring in children is poorly characterised.MethodsChildren who required a burn wound escharotomy at the Queensland Children's Hospital (QCH) between May 2011 and May 2020 were included. Demographics of these children were described. In addition, the number of operations for revision of escharotomy scars was recorded as an indicator of functional or cosmetic concern.ResultsA total of 19 patients required an escharotomy after a burn injury. Children with 1% to 96% TBSA burns required an escharotomy, with a median of 28% (IQR 10–39%) TBSA. Two patients (81% and 96% TBSA) died. Seventy‐one percent (12/17) of survivors had operative revisions of their escharotomy scars. The median time from burn to first scar intervention was 35 weeks (IQR 19–70 weeks).ConclusionThere is substantial morbidity associated with escharotomies in children. Further investigation of the current methods of decompression after burn injury, and the long‐term morbidity of escharotomy, is required.
Local recurrence with intersphincteric resection in adverse histology rectal cancers. A retrospective study with competing risk analysis
Authors: Desouza Ashwin L. , Kazi Mufaddal , Verma Kamlesh , Sugoor Pavan , Mahendra Balu K. , Saklani Avanish P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe safety of inter‐sphincteric resection (ISR) for low rectal cancer with adverse histologic subtypes has been incompletely studied. The present study aims at determining the risk of local recurrence with this procedure in poorly differentiated and signet ring cell (PDSR) adenocarcinoma.MethodsRetrospective analysis from a single tertiary cancer centre of non‐metastatic primary rectal cancer <6 cm from the anal verge that underwent ISR. Competing risk analysis and sub‐distribution hazard ratios for local recurrence free survivals were calculated to determine factors that influenced local recurrence with the competing risk of death from any cause to overcome the exceeding risk of distant metastasis associated with adverse histologic types.ResultsOne hundred forty‐two patients underwent ISR and 22.6% has PDSR histology. At a median follow up of 61 months, 15.6% of the PDSR cohort developed local recurrence (five patients) compared to 11.7% in the non‐PDSR group. PDSR histology influenced overall and disease free survival but not local recurrence on cox regression. On competing risk analysis, only ypT stage ≥3 predicted worse local recurrence free survival and not histology.ConclusionsThe presence of PDSR histology did not increase the risk of local recurrence after ISR in this retrospective competing risk analysis.
Bacterial infections of the oropharynx and deep neck spaces: an investigation of changes in presentation patterns during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Toppi Jason , Hughes Jed , Phillips Damien 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic altered clinical presentation characteristics among adults with bacterial throat infections.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted that included adult patients presenting with bacterial oropharyngeal infections to a tertiary level hospital in Melbourne, Australia. All patients presenting during the first phase of COVID‐19 lockdown in Melbourne (1st April– 1st July in 2020), and those from the same period 12‐months prior, were included.ResultsThere were fewer presentations of bacterial throat infections during the pandemic period compared to the same time 1 year prior. There was a significantly reduced proportion of patients on oral antibiotics prior to their presentation in 2020, as compared to the same period 12‐months earlier (30% vs. 50%, respectively; P < 0.01), as well as a significant increase in the length of time patients were symptomatic before presenting to hospital (5 days vs. 4 days, respectively; P < 0.01). Despite this, there was no significant increase in the number of representations post discharge from hospital, or the length of hospital admission.ConclusionThe overall number of patients presenting with tonsillitis, pharyngitis, peritonsillar abscess and deep neck space infection were reduced during the pandemic period. Patients experienced symptoms for a longer period of time and fewer were on antimicrobial therapy prior to presentation. This study highlights a shift towards delayed patient presentation and reduced oral antibiotic commencement in cases of oropharyngeal infections as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Risk of post colonoscopy colorectal cancer following screening colonoscopy with low‐risk or no adenomas: A population‐based study
Authors: Nielsen Jesper Clausen , Ploug Magnus , Baatrup Gunnar , Kroijer Rasmus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimIn the Danish faecal occult blood test based bowel cancer screening programme, the first round was rolled out over 4 years. After roll‐out, the planned faecal test recall procedure for individuals with either no or low risk adenomas at colonoscopy is 8 and 2 years, respectively. Here, we aimed to investigate the post colonoscopy colorectal cancer incidence in these two groups.MethodsAll Danish screening individuals from 2014 to 2015 with a positive faecal test and either no or low risk adenomas at colonoscopy were included and followed for 3 years post screening for the event of colorectal cancer through national registries.ResultsOut of 533,023 submitted faecal tests and 36,673 positive tests, 17,627 had no or low risk adenomas. We identified 60 (0.34%) individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer within 3 years, 18 (0.29%) in the low risk adenoma group, and 42 (0.37%) in the no adenomas group (p = 0.44). Advancing age (HR = 1.079, p < 0.001) and higher faecal test value (HR = 1.001, p = 0.002) increased hazard of colorectal cancer occurrence, whereas male sex (HR = 1.3, p = 0.308) and having low risk adenomas (HR = 0.729, p = 0.264) did not.ConclusionWe found no difference in post colonoscopy colorectal cancer occurrence between individuals with either no or low risk adenomas. Instead, advancing age and increased faecal test value was associated with a higher risk of post colonoscopy colorectal cancer.
Smartphone adapter time trial analysis: A low‐cost, time‐efficient method to disseminate quality photomicrographs at the microscope
Authors: DaCunha Matthew , Buntinx Tal , Hinds Brian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundWithin the field of pathology there is a need for a uniform low‐cost option for securing high‐quality photomicrographs. Advances in smartphone photography and 3D‐printing technology allow for custom adapters to be designed for the purpose of photomicrograph capture.MethodsPhotomicrograph acquisition was performed using four core modalities: a novel 3D‐printed smartphone‐to‐microscope adapter, freehand smartphone‐to‐microscope technique, a commercial adaptor (LabCam Pro), and a microscope‐mounted digital camera. Eight skin diagnoses were photographed using each of the modalities and time to image capture was measured. The photomicrographs were blindly reviewed by two academic dermatopathologists and one pathologist using a side‐by‐side comparison technique to determine the image quality. Cost assessments were evaluated by obtaining free pricing information on manufacturer websites.ResultsThe 3D‐printed adapter was the most efficient method of capturing a high‐quality photomicrograph in addition to being budget neutral. The microscope‐mounted camera produced the highest quality photomicrographs followed by the 3D‐printed adapter.ConclusionsThe 3D‐printed smartphone‐to‐microscope adapter offers a low‐cost, time‐efficient method of capturing high‐quality photomicrographs.
Customers know best: Pricing policies for products with heterogeneous quality
Authors: Akçay Yalçın , Karaesmen Fikri 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article studies the pricing problem of a seller given an initial inventory of products with heterogeneous quality, facing uncertain customer arrivals over a finite selling season. We consider various regimes depending on whether the seller inspects the inventory to assess the quality levels of the products, and whether customers examine the inventory themselves and pick their specific item of choice among the available products. We formulate the problem under each regime as a stochastic optimization model which maximizes the seller's expected profits, capturing the salient problem features such as stochastic customer arrivals, customers' choice behavior, and uncertain product qualities. As obtaining closed‐form solutions or structural properties for the optimal prices is quite difficult, we explore the full information solution to the problem as an upper bound, as well as solution approaches that approximate some key problem characteristics. Finally, we substantiate our results through an extensive numerical study, focusing on the performance of the proposed pricing policies and approximations.
A rare case report of teen‐onset pica in a female patient with a clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Fekih‐Romdhane Feten , Cheour Majda 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimWe aimed to further elucidate the under‐researched, underdiagnosed and misunderstood comorbid pica in the context of psychosis.MethodWe report a case of teen‐onset plastophagia in an antipsychotic‐naïve girl at ultra‐high risk (UHR) for psychosis.ResultsHA is a 17‐year‐old unmarried girl who had a history of good premorbid functioning, no personal psychiatric history and an uncle with schizophrenia. She was referred to our psychiatry department with the complaint of having the habit of eating plastic for about 2 years. A thorough clinical history revealed that she developed, since more than a year, difficulty in school and interpersonal functioning. After clinical evaluation, a diagnosis of UHR with major depressive disorder, iron deficiency anaemia and pica was made.ConclusionWe draw attention to the possibility of an overlap between the pathogenesis of pica and psychosis, and we highlight the importance of early diagnosis and management of both pica and UHR since they can lead to serious medical and mental consequences.
ON FINDING AND FABRICATING: MEMORY AND FAMILY HISTORY IN KATJA PETROWSKAJA'S VIELLEICHT ESTHER
Authors: ROHR SUSANNE 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThis article argues that Katja Petrowskaja's award‐winning text, Vielleicht Esther (2014), brings a hyper‐local concept of family history to the debate on transnational memory. While the text documents the quest of the narrator for lost or forgotten parts of the life stories of family members who perished in the Holocaust, it also takes liberties by consciously moving beyond the conventional limits for narrativising family history. The imaginative techniques the narrator uses in framing and expanding the various stories are rooted in the narratives of transnational Holocaust memory, and the same applies to the narrator's framing of her own experiences during the search. This particular form of interweaving documentation and inventing situates Vielleicht Esther within a globalised transnational and trans‐generational locus of consciousness which the narrator herself inhabits. The text thus gives voice to the so‐called ‘third generation of survivors’. As a representative of this generation, the narrator thoughtfully exercises her right to participate in a discussion on the question of whether children or grandchildren of survivors may speak about the effect of the Holocaust on their own lives.