bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A powerful machine learning technique to extract proton core, beam, and α-particle parameters from velocity distribution functions in space plasmas
Authors: Vech D. , Stevens M. L. , Paulson K. W. , Malaspina D. M. , Case A. W. , Klein K. G. , Kasper J. C. 
Published: May 2021

Context. The analysis of the thermal part of velocity distribution functions (VDFs) is fundamentally important for understanding the kinetic physics that governs the evolution and dynamics of space plasmas. However, calculating the proton core, beam, and α-particle parameters for large data sets of VDFs is a time-consuming and computationally demanding process that always requires supervision by a human expert.
Aims. We developed a machine learning tool that can extract proton core, beam, and α-particle parameters using images (2D grid consisting pixel values) of VDFs.
Methods. A database of synthetic VDFs was generated, which was used to train a convolutional neural network that infers bulk speed, thermal speed, and density for all three particle populations. We generated a separate test data set of synthetic VDFs that we used to compare and quantify the predictive power of the neural network and a fitting algorithm.
Results. The neural network achieves significantly smaller root-mean-square errors to infer proton core, beam, and α-particle parameters than a traditional fitting algorithm.
Conclusions. The developed machine learning tool has the potential to revolutionize the processing of particle measurements since it allows the computation of more accurate particle parameters than previously used fitting procedures.
Zieltemperaturkontrolle beim Patienten mit Verbrennungen
Authors: Trojan Stefan , Limper Ulrich , Wappler Frank 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungSchwere Verbrennungen führen zu einer persistierenden hypermetabolen Antwort des Organismus mit signifikant gesteigertem Ruheenergieumsatz, Multiorgandysfunktion, Muskelabbau und erhöhtem Infektionsrisiko. Charakteristisch sind erhöhte Körperkern- und Hauttemperaturen. Eine weitere Steigerung der erhöhten metabolischen Rate kann durch Wärmeverluste ausgelöst werden, für die diese Patienten durch hohe Wärmeabgabe über Verdunstung von Feuchtigkeit und Beeinträchtigung der thermoregulatorischen und isolierenden Eigenschaften der verbrannten Haut besonders disponiert sind. Dies gilt besonders in allen Behandlungssituationen mit Exposition großer unbedeckter Hautflächen, wie bei der Primärversorgung, Verbandswechseln auf der Intensivstation und der Verbrennungschirurgie mit ausgedehntem sterilem Operationsfeld. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Hypothermie mit zahlreichen Risiken für den Verbrennungspatienten einhergeht. Ein konsequentes Wärmemanagement mit Messung der
Körperkerntemperatur und Anwendung von externen und internen Wärmeprotektionsmaßnahmen wird empfohlen. Traditionell kommt hier eine Erhöhung der Raumtemperatur zum Einsatz. Dieser effektiven Maßnahme sind jedoch durch die Belastbarkeit der Behandler auf der Intensivstation und der Operateure Grenzen gesetzt. Zur Vermeidung einer perioperativen Hypothermie sind eine stringente Operationsplanung mit Begrenzung der Operationsdauer und eine enge intraoperative Kommunikation über das Hypothermierisiko von besonderer Bedeutung.Bei der intensivmedizinischen Therapie ist die Differenzierung zwischen akzeptierter Temperaturerhöhung und infektiösem Fieber häufig erst durch die Einbeziehung weiterer Untersuchungsbefunde möglich. Als Kriterium für Sepsis gilt eine Temperatur über 39 °C oder unter 36,5 °C.
Olfactory Preservation in Craniofacial Resection of Tumor Invading Hemianterior Skull Base: Operative Video
Authors: Kobayashi Kenya , Miyakita Yasuji , Matsumoto Fumihiko , Omura Go , Matsumura Satoko , Ikeda Atsuo , Eguchi Kohtaro , Ito Akiko , Narita Yoshitaka , Akazawa Satoshi , Yoshimoto Seiichi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn traditional craniofacial resection of tumors invading the anterior skull base, the bilateral olfactory apparatus is resected. Recently, transnasal endoscopy has been used for olfactory preservation in resections of unilateral low-grade malignancies. However, for tumors that invade the orbita or for high-grade malignancies, the transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery has been controversial. This video demonstrates the surgical techniques of olfactory preservation during craniofacial resection of a high-grade malignancy invading the hemianterior skull base and orbita.We present the case of a 32-year-old woman with osteosarcoma in the right ethmoid sinus. The tumor invaded the ipsilateral cribriform plate, dura menta, and orbital periosteum; however, the nasal septum and crista galli were intact (Fig. 1A, B). Because the tumor was a high-grade malignancy and the orbita had been invaded, we performed craniofacial resection instead of endoscopic resection (Fig. C2A). We drilled into the right side of the crista galli, midline of the cribriform plate, and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone via craniotomy. As a result, we accessed the nasal cavity directly (Fig. 2B). To preserve the nasal septum, we detached the remaining right septal mucosa through the transfacial approach (Fig. 2C). Because of the high risk of cerebrospinal fluid leakage as a result of previous irradiation, we performed vascularized free flap reconstruction of the skull base instead of pericranial flap.Postoperative computed tomography revealed no evidence of tumor (Fig. 1C, D). The patient's sense of smell returned after 1 postoperative day, and she was discharged on the postoperative day 14.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/XzPABYwzkjs.
External Stenting (Exostenting) to Correct Vascular Torsion and Angulation
Authors: Silva Michael B. , Shoaib Muhammad , Miyara Santiago J. , Guevara Sara , McCann-Molmenti Alexia , Silva H. Colleen , Watt Stacey , Zafeiropoulos Stefanos , Hayashida Kei , Takegawa Ryosuke , Shinozaki Koichiro , Choudhary Rishabh C. , Cho Young Min , Kressel Adam M. , Alsalmay Yaser M. , Grande Daniel A. , Cicalese Luca , Aranalde Gabriel I. , Covelli Grace , Becker Lance B. , Shore-Lesserson Linda , Molmenti Ernesto P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOrgan transplantation can be associated with vascular torsions and angulations of both recipient and donor vessels. Such kinks and/or torsions of vessels can compromise the vascular integrity, obstruct inflow and/or outflow, and result in loss of the organ and/or body parts. On many occasions, mild angulations and torsions can be successfully addressed by repositioning the organ. In cases where the abnormal findings persist, maneuvers such as placing a fat pad to create a smoother curve, or even opening the peritoneum (in the case of kidney transplants) to allow for a better positioning of the organ, are associated with successful outcomes. When such torsions/angulations persist despite these approaches, further innovative tactics are required. In the current report, we propose a technique that involves longitudinally opening of a synthetic graft that is rigid enough to maintain its shape, such as a ringed polytetrafluoroethylene graft, and placing it as an external stent around the angulated/torsioned vessel. This maneuver will correct the underlying vascular compromise without having to perform any further invasive interventions, such as reimplanting the organ or resecting part of the involved vessel. Although primarily illustrated for application by describing an instance in which exostenting was applied during kidney transplantation, our approach could be applied to any vessel under many circumstances where angulations/twists are encountered. In this report, we describe the use of an external stent, also called exostenting, to correct a severe torsion/angulation of the external iliac artery in a kidney transplant recipient where all other measures were unsuccessful.
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging: An Exciting and Problem-Solving Tool in Patients with Hepatic Metastases
Authors: Gupta Savia , Choh Naseer A. , Bhatt Mohd Gull , Wani Rauf A. , Rasool Zubaida , Rasool Sheikh R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background The diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is based on the random Brownian motion of water molecules that influences image contrast depending on different pathological conditions.
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences including diffusion-weighted and gadobenate-enhanced MRI in the detection and characterization of liver lesions in a patient of known primary malignancy and to compare MRI with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and ultrasonography (USG) in the detection of liver metastases.
Methods All patients underwent a multiphase MRI. The final diagnosis was established by histopathological examination.
Results A total of 43 patients of known primary malignancy were enrolled. MRI gave a provisional diagnosis of liver metastases in 21 patients and benign disease in 22 patients with histopathological correlation revealing two false-negative and one false-positive result. In the detection of lesions, DWI outscored other sequences (92.9 vs. 83.5% in hepatobiliary phase vs. 55.0% in T2-weighted sequences) with a statistically significant difference noted only in comparison with T2-weighted sequences (p < 0.001). In 16 patients, MRI added new lesions that were not detected by CECT/USG. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI for detecting metastases were 90.9%/95.2% and 97.9%/96.8% for per-patient and per-lesion basis, respectively.
Conclusion Multiphase MRI improved both the detection and characterization of liver metastases. Adding DWI to the routine MR sequences helped in detecting small liver metastases (<10 mm) not detected by other sequences.
Grafts in Endonasal Rhinoplasty
Authors: Lee Daniel D. , Katrib Ziad , Williams Edwin F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRhinoplasty is arguably one of the most challenging but rewarding procedures for the facial plastic surgeon. To adequately improve facial aesthetic parameters and preserve nasal function, the appropriate utilization of grafts is of utmost importance. While there is no best method, I found that in my hands, the endonasal approach allowed me to achieve greater control over my results by limiting dissection, utilizing less cartilage, and minimizing variables. In this manuscript, I outline the surgical pearls I have developed throughout my career that have helped me execute these grafts efficiently and effectively.
The Potential of AFX Iliac Extension in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms with High Iliac Tortuosity
Authors: Kikuchi Yuta , Ohtani Norifumi , Kamiya Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecently, endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) is the most common surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, iliac limb complications of EVAR often cause problems in patients with high iliac tortuosity. There is no difference of rate of iliac limb complication among EVAR devices, such as Excluder, Endurant, and Zenith in high iliac tortuosity. But there has been not reported about AFX. We studied AFX iliac extension as it is the only stent graft with an endoskeletal framework. This study aimed to evaluate the AFX iliac extension patency in a case in vitro and to use it in seven cases of AAA with high iliac tortuosity. The silicon tube inserted in the AFX iliac extension was flexed at 30, 60, 90, and 120 degrees, and the lumen of the iliac extension was monitored using an underwater camera in the circulatory system. During the experiment, the Iwaki Bellows Pump (IWAKI CO., LTD., Tokyo, Japan) produced a pulsating flow. We used this in seven patients with AAA high iliac tortuosity cases between November 2018 and May 2019. If the silicon tube inserted in the AFX iliac extension was flexed at 60 and 120 degrees, the stent protruded into the lumen. However, the graft was dilated at all degrees. All seven patients with AFX iliac extension had no complications and a patent iliac artery. The AFX iliac extension can reduce iliac limb complications in cases of high iliac tortuosity.
High Yap and Mll1 promote a persistent regenerative cell state induced by Notch signaling and loss of p53
Authors: Heuberger Julian , Grinat Johanna , Kosel Frauke , Liu Lichao , Kunz Séverine , Vidal Ramon Oliveira , Keil Marlen , Haybaeck Johannes , Robine Sylvie , Louvard Daniel , Regenbrecht Christian , Sporbert Anje , Sauer Sascha , von Eyss Björn , Sigal Michael , Birchmeier Walter 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Using organoids, this study shows that Notch activity and loss of p53 induce a regenerative cell state and recapitulate tumorigenesis. Mutant organoids self-renew and grow independently of essential growth factors and exhibit elevated levels of nuclear Yap, Mll1, and H3K4 trimethylation. These factors are also elevated in human colorectal cancer (CRC) and control viability of patient-derived CRC organoids. Yap interacts with Mll1, and both promote a regenerative cell state that links regenerative processes to tumorigenesis.
Precipation of TiAl3 in remelting Al-5Ti-1B and the grain refinement of 7050 alloy
Authors: Xie Hui , Lv Jinze 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper studies the precipitation regularity of TiAl3 compound in different temperature, holding time and cooling rate. Besides, this paper studies the influence of Al-5Ti-1B on the mechanical properties of the 7050 alloy such as the aluminum alloy grain size, microstructure and strength through changing holding time and amount of Al-5Ti-1B. Through water cooling, the solute Ti forms new fine TiAl3 compounds firstly. While through natural cooling, the solute Ti is easy to grow up around the agglomerate TiAl3 compounds. The variation of the undissolved TiAl3 compound as follows: the size of the block-like TiAl3 does not change at 700 °C for 10 min; while the size has stabilized at 750 °C for 5 min. The dissolution of the rod-like TiAl3 is not obvious when holding for 20 min, but the rod-like TiAl3 fuses easily. After adding the Al-5Ti-1B into the 7050 alloy, the grain shape of α-Al changes from dendritic crystal to equiaxed crystal, and the refining effect is obvious; While the adding amount increases, the size of α-Al become larger, but it has a tendency towards to dendritic crystal. The mechanical properties of 7050 alloy without Al-5Ti-1B is in the worst condition. Transcrystalline rupture may occur in grain of 7050 alloy in tensile test due to it is coarse grain. After adding the refiner, the mechanical properties are optimal when keeping the temperature 750 °C for 5 min. Dimple could be found in the tensile fracture, and the dimples mainly are equiaxial.
The genome of the venomous snail Lautoconus ventricosus sheds light on the origin of conotoxin diversity
Authors: Pardos-Blas José Ramón , Irisarri Iker , Abalde Samuel , Afonso Carlos M L , Tenorio Manuel J , Zardoya Rafael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Venoms are deadly weapons to subdue prey or deter predators that have evolved independently in many animal lineages. The genomes of venomous animals are essential to understand the evolutionary mechanisms involved in the origin and diversification of venoms.

Results
Here, we report the chromosome-level genome of the venomous Mediterranean cone snail, Lautoconus ventricosus (Caenogastropoda: Conidae). The total size of the assembly is 3.59 Gb; it has high contiguity (N50 = 93.53 Mb) and 86.6 Mb of the genome assembled into the 35 largest scaffolds or pseudochromosomes. On the basis of venom gland transcriptomes, we annotated 262 complete genes encoding conotoxin precursors, hormones, and other venom-related proteins. These genes were scattered in the different pseudochromosomes and located within repetitive regions. The genes encoding conotoxin precursors were normally structured into 3 exons, which did not necessarily coincide with the 3 structural domains of the corresponding proteins. Additionally, we found evidence in the L. ventricosus genome for a past whole-genome duplication event by means of conserved gene synteny with the Pomacea canaliculata genome, the only one available at the chromosome level within Caenogastropoda. The whole-genome duplication event was further confirmed by the presence of a duplicated hox gene cluster. Key genes for gastropod biology including those encoding proteins related to development, shell formation, and sex were located in the genome.

Conclusions
The new high-quality L. ventricosus genome should become a reference for assembling and analyzing new gastropod genomes and will contribute to future evolutionary genomic studies among venomous animals.
Hemorrhagic cholecystitis after coronary angiography
Authors: Cunha Roberto , Quintanilha Rui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hemorrhagic cholecystitis is a rare condition with several possible causes. Despite being a difficult diagnosis, it is an important one considering the fatal possibility for the patient. The following is the case of a 68-year-old patient with dual antiplatelet therapy, who underwent coronary angiography and angioplasty in a hypocoagulate setting, developing a hemorrhagic cholecystitis. This article seeks to recognize the importance of this differential diagnosis in hypocoagulated patients with abdominal pain.
Chronic expanding hematoma mimicking seroma, following a totally extraperitoneal approach for inguinal hernia: a case report
Authors: Takahashi Yusuke , Seki Hitoshi , Kobayashi Akira 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chronic expanding hematoma (CEH) mimicking seroma following inguinal hernia surgery has not been reported previously. A 78-year-old man underwent laparoscopic repair of a left direct hernia via a totally extraperitoneal approach. He was discharged 2 days after surgery without any complications. Two weeks later, he complained of left inguinal bulging without pain. We considered seroma and decided to observe the patient for 1 month. However, the cyst did not change in size. Additional cyst aspiration and drainage attempts were unsuccessful. Three months after the initial surgery, we performed a second surgery (resection of the cyst) because conservative therapies were ineffective. The resected cyst was pathologically diagnosed as a CEH. The postoperative course was uneventful, and no recurrence was observed. Complete excision of a CEH is mandatory because aspiration and drainage cannot prevent recurrence.
Sex, Money, and Murder on the Isthmus: Rumor, Disinformation, and the Politics of Denunciation in Revolutionary Mexico
Authors: Ristow Colby 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In 1915, the Constitutionalist faction of Venustiano Carranza moved into southern Mexico, promising revolutionary justice and retribution against The Reaction. Unfamiliar with the social topography of the region, Carranza’s men depended on information gleaned from dubious sources to make key political decisions. Groups competing for the Constitutionalists’ patronage flooded Carranza’s correspondence, accentuating their own revolutionary bona fides while exposing their enemies. The result was a political milieu of denunciation, and nowhere was this milieu more acrimonious than in Juchitán, a coveted transportation hub in the isthmus region of Oaxaca. Using the Carranza archive in Mexico City, this essay examines denunciations sent from Juchitán in early 1915. These letters reveal an unmediated “popular voice,” unbound from the public sphere, its code of honor, and its recognition of the realm of privacy. The shift of public politics into the private sphere had two important consequences. First, unsubstantiated information—rumors, gossip—gained a prominent position in local politics. Second, it opened the door to political participation to marginalized groups, particularly the working classes and women. This essay examines two letters in detail, one from an “honorable worker” and the other from a prominent woman, both dealing in rumor, gossip, and conspiracy. Despite their inherent unreliability, these letters give us a window into the construction of the camarilla, prevailing perceptions about politics and the accumulation of wealth, and the possibilities and limits of women’s participation in high politics.
Optical and NIR spectroscopy of cool CEMP stars to probe the nucleosynthesis in low-mass AGB binary system
Authors: Susmitha A , Ojha D K , Sivarani T , Ninan J P , Bandyopadhyay A , Surya Arun , Unni Athira 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the abundance analyses of seven carbon enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars to understand the origin of carbon in them. We used high-resolution optical spectra to derive abundances of various elements. We also used low-resolution near-infrared (NIR) spectra to derive the abundance of O and 12C/13C from the CO molecular band and compared their values with those derived from high-resolution optical spectra. We identified a good agreement between the values. Thus, in cool CEMP stars, the NIR observations complement the high-resolution optical observations to derive the oxygen abundance and the 12C/13C ratio. This enables us to probe fainter cool CEMP stars using NIR spectroscopy. C, N, O abundances of all the program stars in this study show abundances that are consistent with binary mass transfer from a low-mass, low-metallicity asymptotic giant branch (AGB) companion which is further supported by the presence of enhancement in neutron-capture elements and detection of radial velocity variation. One of the stars shows abundance patterns similar to a CEMP-s star whereas the abundance pattern of the rest of the stars satisfy the criteria required to classify them as CEMP-r/s stars. The subclassification of some of the stars studied here is revisited. The abundance of neutron-capture elements in these CEMP-r/s stars resembles to that of i-process models where proton ingestion episodes in the companion low-mass, low-metallicity AGB stars produce the necessary neutron density required for the onset of i-process.
Convergent filaments contracting towards an intermediate-mass pre-stellar core
Authors: Ren Zhiyuan , Zhu Lei , Shi Hui , Yue Nannan , Li Di , Zhang Qizhou , Mardones Diego , Wu Jingwen , Jiao Sihan , Liu Shu , Luo Gan , Xie Jinjin , Zhang Chao , Xu Xuefang 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Filamentary structures are closely associated with star-forming cores, but their detailed physical connections are still not clear. We studied the dense gas in OMC-3 MMS-7 region in the Orion A molecular cloud using the molecular lines observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and the Submillimeter Array (SMA). The ALMA N2H+ (1–0) emission has revealed three dense filaments intersected at the centre, coincident with the central core MMS-7, which has a mass of 3.6 M⊙. The filaments and cores are embedded in a parental clump with a total mass of 29 M⊙. The N2H+ velocity field exhibits a noticeable increasing trend along the filaments towards the central core MMS-7 with a scale of v − vlsr ≃ 1.5 km s−1 over a spatial range of ∼20 arcsec (8 × 103 au), corresponding to a gradient of $40\, {\rm km\, s^{-1}}\, {\rm pc}^{-1}$. This feature is most likely to indicate an infall motion towards the centre. The derived infall rate (8 × 10−5 M⊙ yr−1) and time-scale (3.6 × 105 yr) are much lower than that for a spherical free-fall collapse and more consistent with the contraction of the filament structures. The filaments also exhibit a possible fragmentation. But this does not seem to largely interrupt the gas structure or its contraction towards the centre. Thus, MMS-7 provides an example of filamentary inward motion directly towards a pre-stellar core. The filament contraction could be less intense but more steady than global spherical collapse, and may help generate an intermediate-mass or even high-mass star.