bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and simulation study of the interaction characteristics of nano‐MgO and smoke in the fire of a ship engine room
Authors: Wu Zhongzheng , Wang Liang , Su Shichuan , Liu Wei 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe engine room of ships with poor ventilation has high concentrations of accumulated smoke during the fires. In some ways, the existing forced ventilation and water mist fire extinguishing can aggravate the occurrence of back‐burning and flame strengthening. In this article, a novel way to control smoke is proposed. Based on nano‐MgO particles, the adsorption mechanism of MgO at different temperatures (300–500 K) was simulated and analyzed using the Monte Carlo method. And the macroscopic adsorption effects of smoke at different angles (30°, 80°, and 110°) of nano‐MgO vertical spray were studied in a closed confined space of 1.5 × 1.5 × 1 m3, where the diesel oil was used as a fire source. The results show that the nano‐MgO have a good dissipation effect on the fire smoke through the analysis of the temperature, smoke concentration and adsorption amount in the confined space, which can effectively reduce the smoke concentration and improve the visibility in the space. The adsorption effect of nano‐MgO is the best when the spray angle is 30°, the adsorption effect of nano‐MgO is the largest when the pressure is 300 KPa and the temperature is 300 K. Besides, the adsorption of nano‐MgO and carbon smoke particles changed from single‐layer to multilayer adsorption in the process of interaction. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the application of nano‐MgO particles in smoke control of the fire in the ship engine room.
Covid‐19, Free Exercise, and the Changing Constitution
Authors: Capron Alexander Morgan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Covid‐19 pandemic has brought bioethics back to five topics—justice, autonomy, expert authority, religion, and judicial decisions—that were central during its formative period but has cast a new light on each, while also tangling public health policy in the current, rather radical, reshaping of the role of organized religion in society.
Rationing of a scarce life‐saving resource: Public preferences for prioritizing COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Luyten Jeroen , Tubeuf Sandy , Kessels Roselinde 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the face of limited COVID‐19 vaccine supply, governments have had to identify priority groups for vaccination. In October 2020, when it was still uncertain whether COVID‐19 vaccines would be shown to work in trials, we conducted a discrete choice experiment and a best‐worst ranking exercise on a representative sample of 2060 Belgians in order to elicit their views on how to set fair vaccination priorities. When asked directly, our respondents prioritized the groups that would later receive priority: essential workers, the elderly or those with pre‐existing conditions. When priorities were elicited indirectly, through observing choices between individuals competing for a vaccine, different preferences emerged. The elderly were given lower priority and respondents divided within two clusters. While both clusters wanted to vaccinate the essential workers in the second place, one cluster (N = 1058) primarily wanted to target virus spreaders in order to control transmission whereas the other cluster (N = 886) wanted to prioritize those who were most at risk because of a pre‐existing health condition. Other strategies to allocate a scarce resource such as using a “lottery”, “first‐come, first‐served” approach or highest willingness‐to‐pay received little support.
Evaluation of human coronavirus OC43 and SARS‐COV‐2 in children with respiratory tract infection during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Keshavarz Valian Nasrin , Pourakbari Babak , Asna Ashari Kosar , Hosseinpour Sadeghi Reihaneh , Mahmoudi Shima 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is an overwhelming crisis across the world. Human Coronavirus OC43 (HCoV‐OC43) is a Betacoronavirus responsible mostly for mild respiratory symptoms. Since the presentations of HCoV‐OC43 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐COV‐2) are believed to resemble a lot, the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of HCoV‐OC43 in the current pandemic and the rate of coinfection for the two viruses. One hundred and seventeen patients referred to Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran with respiratory symptoms were included. Real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) methods were performed for the detection of HCoV‐OC43 and SARS‐COV‐2. Totally, 23 (20%) had a positive RT‐PCR for HCoV‐OC43 and 25 (21%) were positive for SARS‐COV‐2. Two patients (2%) had a positive PCR for both HCoV‐OC43 and SARS‐COV‐2. The two groups showed significant differences in having contact with family members with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 (p = 0.017), fever (p =  0.02), edema (p = 0.036), vomiting (p < 0.001), abdominal complaints (p = 0.005), and myalgia (p = 0.02). The median level of lymphocyte count in patients with HCoV‐OC43 was significantly lower than patients with SARS‐COV‐2 infection (p =  0.039). The same frequency of SARS‐COV‐2 and HCoV‐OC43 was found in children with respiratory symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The rate of coinfection of SARS‐COV‐2 with HCoV‐OC43 in our study was 0.08. Further research into the cocirculation of endemic coronaviruses, such as HCoV‐OC43 and SARS‐CoV2, in different regions, is highly recommended. Attempts to determine the geographic distribution and recruit more flexible test panel designs are also highly recommended.
Prevalence and risk indicators of midfacial peri‐implant soft tissue dehiscence at single site in the esthetic zone: A cross‐sectional clinical and ultrasonographic study
Authors: Tavelli Lorenzo , Barootchi Shayan , Majzoub Jad , Chan Hsun‐Liang , Stefanini Martina , Zucchelli Giovanni , Kripfgans Oliver D. , Wang Hom‐Lay , Urban Istvan A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundEsthetic complications of dental implants in the esthetic zone can have a major negative impact on patients’ quality of life and perception of implant therapy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of peri‐implant soft tissue dehiscence (PSTD) and the clinical and ultrasonographic risk indicators for this condition.MethodsSubjects with ≥1 healthy single dental implants in the esthetic area were identified and recruited. Clinical and ultrasonographic measurements, including PSTD class and subclass, probing depth, keratinized mucosa width (KMW), mucosal thickness (MT) at 1 mm and 3 mm, buccal bone distance (BBD) and buccal bone thickness, were evaluated in healthy implants and implants with PSTD.ResultsA total of 153 subjects with a total of 176 dental implants were included. The prevalence of PSTD was 54.2% and 56.8% on a patient and implant level, respectively. The most frequent type of PSTD was the one characterized by having both an implant‐supported crown longer than the clinical crown of the homologous tooth and a visible abutment/implant fixture exposed to the oral cavity. The multivariate analysis showed that the presence of an adjacent implant, a longer time of the implant in function, limited MT, reduced KMW, and increased BBD were significantly associated with the presence of PSTD.ConclusionsPSTDs are common findings in the esthetic region. Several risk indicators for this condition, such as presence of an adjacent implant, increased time in function of the implant, higher BBD, lower KMW, and MT were identified.
Salinomycin as a potent anticancer stem cell agent: State of the art and future directions
Authors: Qi Dan , Liu Yunyi , Li Juan , Huang Jason H. , Hu Xiaoxiao , Wu Erxi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells within a tumor that can both self‐renew and differentiate into other cell types forming the heterogeneous tumor bulk. Since CSCs are involved in all aspects of cancer development, including tumor initiation, cell proliferation, metastatic dissemination, therapy resistance, and recurrence, they have emerged as attractive targets for cancer treatment and management. Salinomycin, a widely used antibiotic in poultry farming, was identified by the Weinberg group as a potent anti‐CSC agent in 2009. As a polyether ionophore, salinomycin exerts broad‐spectrum activities, including the important anti‐CSC function. Studies on the mechanism of action of salinomycin against cancer have been continuously and rapidly published since then. Thus, it is imperative for us to update its literature of recent research findings in this area. We here summarize the notable work reported on salinomycin's anticancer activities, intracellular binding target(s), effects on tumor microenvironment, safety, derivatives, and tumor‐specific drug delivery; after that we also discuss the translational potential of salinomycin toward clinical application based on current multifaceted understandings.
Acute‐onset polyradiculoneuropathy after SARS‐CoV2 vaccine in the West and North Midlands, United Kingdom
Authors: Loo Lay Khoon , Salim Omar , Liang Di , Goel Aimee , Sumangala Salini , Gowda Ashwin S. , Davies Brendan , Rajabally Yusuf A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsWe aimed to determine whether specific severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2) vaccines may be associated with acute‐onset polyradiculoneuropathy and if they may result in particular clinical presentations.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed records of all persons presenting with acute‐onset polyradiculoneuropathy from January 1, 2021, to June 30, 2021, admitted to two Neuroscience centers, of the West and North Midlands, United Kingdom. We compared subjects with previous SARS‐CoV2 vaccine exposure with a local cohort of persons with acute‐onset polyradiculoneuropathy admitted between 2005 and 2019 and compared admission numbers for the studied time frame with that of the previous 3 years.ResultsOf 24 persons with acute‐onset polyradiculoneuropathy, 16 (66.7%) presented within 4  weeks after first SARS‐CoV2 vaccine. Fourteen had received the AstraZeneca vaccine and one each, the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. The final diagnosis was Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) in 12 and acute‐onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in 4. Among AstraZeneca vaccine recipients, facial weakness in nine persons (64.3%), bulbar weakness in seven (50%), and the bifacial weakness and distal paresthesias GBS variant in three (21.4%), were more common than in historical controls (P = .01; P = .004, and P = .002, respectively). A 2.6‐fold (95% confidence interval: 1.98–3.51) increase in admissions for acute‐onset polyradiculoneuropathy was noted during the studied time frame, compared to the same period in the previous 3 years.DiscussionDespite a low risk, smaller than that of SARS‐CoV2 infection and its complications, exposure to the first dose of AstraZeneca SARS‐CoV2 vaccine may be a risk factor for acute‐onset polyradiculoneuropathy, characterized by more common cranial nerve involvement.
Association between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and obsessive‐compulsive disorders (OCD) in women: A study based on urodynamic findings and micturition problem
Authors: Rezaeimehr Mohammad R. , Zargham Mahtab , Jahanabadi Zahra , Afsar Firozeh , Rahnama'i Mohammad S. , Sharbafchi Mohammad R. , Mazdak Hamid 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThis study focused on women with chronic lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) who simultaneously suffered from obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) to evaluate the association between micturition abnormality and OCD.MethodsA cohort case study was conducted on 128 women with chronic LUTS who visited the academic clinic from 2012 to 2018. The participants with a history of OCD were grouped together, whereas the other group consisted of those with no psychiatric issues. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and also the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis and χ2 tests.ResultsThe participants with OCD had a lower mean age (41.7 vs. 48.8 years) and longer symptom duration than the control group. Moreover, voiding phase problems were more prevalent among OCD patients (mean voiding score: 9.3 vs. 6.9). Urge urinary incontinence (UUI) was the most common type of urinary incontinence in OCD patients, and the most important urodynamic study finding was bladder outlet obstruction (45% and 17% in the OCD and control groups, respectively). Voiding disorders resulted in chronic renal failure in two patients (3.12%). It was shown that bladder outlet obstruction (odds ratio (OR) 4.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53–12.78, p = 0.006] was the strongest predictor of OCD and stress urinary incontinence (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.07–0.53, p < 0.001) was the best protector against OCD.ConclusionThe findings revealed that chronic LUTS was related to voiding dysfunction and urodynamic abnormality in OCD patients. These disorders may be categorized as somatoform disorder that requires appropriate treatments.
Effects of visceral manipulation associated with pelvic floor muscles training in women with urinary incontinence: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: De Marco Murilo , Arbieto Eliane R. M. , Da Roza Thuane H. , Resende Ana P. M. , Santos Gilmar M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsTo compare the effects of manual visceral therapy (MVT) associated with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) on urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms, vaginal resting pressure, and maximum voluntary contraction of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM).MethodsA double‐blinded randomized controlled trial of 5 weeks duration with two active intervention arms: PFMT + MVT and PFMT + manual sham therapy (MST). Participants were women over 18 years of age with complaint or diagnosis of UI symptoms. The primary outcome was the severity of UI symptoms, assessed by the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire – Short Form. The secondary outcomes measures included the vaginal resting pressure and the maximum voluntary contraction of PFM assessed by digital manometry.ResultsFifty‐two incontinent women participated in the study. There was no significant difference between groups in UI symptoms (F (1.74, 86.9) = 0.406; p = 0.638), vaginal resting pressure (mean difference −1.5 cmH₂0 [95% confidence interval [CI] −4.5 to 1.5; p = 0.33]), and maximum voluntary contraction of PFM (median 0.0 cmH₂0 [25%–75% interquartile range 0.0–5.6; p = 0.12]) after the intervention period.ConclusionsCombining MVT with PFMT was not more effective than PFMT alone in reducing UI symptoms, in change vaginal resting pressure and maximum voluntary contraction of PFM. Due to the limitations of the study, further investigations are still needed to confirm these findings.
Psychosocial care providers’ perspectives: Barriers to implementing services for siblings of children with cancer
Authors: Brosnan Phoebe , Davis Kathryn A. , Mazzenga Marcella , Oberoi Anjali R. , Sharkey Christina M. , Buchbinder David , Alderfer Melissa A. , Long Kristin A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSiblings of children with cancer are at increased risk for poor long‐term psychosocial outcomes. The standard of psychosocial care in pediatric oncology calling for sibling support is not routinely implemented, often leaving siblings with unmet psychosocial needs. Barriers to implementing the sibling standard may exist at multiple levels. This study addresses research gaps regarding multilevel barriers to supporting siblings at the health care system, oncology center, and family levels.ProcedureQualitative interviews were conducted with psychosocial care providers (N = 27; 18 psychologists, five social workers, three psychiatrists, and one child life specialist) employed at oncology centers within hospitals across the United States, varying in extent of sibling programming and center size. Interviews included questions about providers’ roles, oncology center characteristics, existing psychosocial sibling services, barriers to providing systematic sibling assessment, and ideas about how to overcome barriers. Data were analyzed using applied thematic analysis.ResultsQualitative analysis revealed (a) barriers to providing sibling services occur at multiple levels (health care system, oncology center, family); (b) barriers at multiple levels frequently interact with one another; and (c) interacting barriers maintain a cycle: barriers to providing services contribute to limited provision of services, low service provision leads to limited utilization of existing services and underprioritization of siblings, and together this leads to siblings being off the radar, which further limits sibling service provision.ConclusionAddressing health care system and oncology center barriers to implementing sibling assessment and support may be important potential targets for interventions to help ensure that siblings receive needed psychosocial assessment and support.
Pentazole (N5H) as a possible catalyst for CO2 activation: Density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) studies
Authors: Faizan Mohmmad , Pawar Ravinder 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe alarming increase in the atmospheric CO2 concentration is a matter of great concern today. Enormous attention has been devoted to search the novel and innovative approaches to recycle the CO2 evolved from the industries into useful chemicals. However, the thermodynamic stability of CO2 molecule imposes a great challenge in utilizing it as a raw material in chemical reactions. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to scrutinize pentazole (N5H) as an effective catalyst for the CO2 activation. The fixation reaction of CO2 with ethylene oxide (oxirane) was chosen to be the prototypal model. Both the density functional theory (DFT) calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) studies explicitly suggest pentazole to be a promising catalyst for the activation of CO2 molecule. The energy required for the CO2 activation was found to be 35.6 kcal/mol. Also, the proton transfer step is found to be the key step in the reaction. Based on the prototypal reaction, the coupling reaction of CO2 with aziridine, propylene oxide and styrene oxide was also investigated.
Reconfiguration of Amorphous Complex Oxides: A Route to a Broad Range of Assembly Phenomena, Hybrid Materials, and Novel Functionalities
Authors: Prakash Divya J. , Chen Yajin , Debasu Mengistie L. , Savage Donald E. , Tangpatjaroen Chaiyapat , Deneke Christoph , Malachias Angelo , Alfieri Adam D. , Elleuch Omar , Lekhal Kaddour , Szlufarska Izabela , Evans Paul G. , Cavallo Francesca 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReconfiguration of amorphous complex oxides provides a readily controllable source of stress that can be leveraged in nanoscale assembly to access a broad range of 3D geometries and hybrid materials. An amorphous SrTiO3 layer on a Si:B/Si1−xGex:B heterostructure is reconfigured at the atomic scale upon heating, exhibiting a change in volume of ≈2% and accompanying biaxial stress. The Si:B/Si1−xGex:B bilayer is fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy, followed by sputter deposition of SrTiO3 at room temperature. The processes yield a hybrid oxide/semiconductor nanomembrane. Upon release from the substrate, the nanomembrane rolls up and has a curvature determined by the stress in the epitaxially grown Si:B/Si1−xGex:B heterostructure. Heating to 600 °C leads to a decrease of the radius of curvature consistent with the development of a large compressive biaxial stress during the reconfiguration of SrTiO3. The control of stresses via post‐deposition processing provides a new route to the assembly of complex‐oxide‐based heterostructures in 3D geometry. The reconfiguration of metastable mechanical stressors enables i) synthesis of various types of strained superlattice structures that cannot be fabricated by direct growth and ii) technologies based on strain engineering of complex oxides via highly scalable lithographic processes and on large‐area semiconductor substrates.
Dark QED from inflation
Authors: Arvanitaki Asimina , Dimopoulos Savas , Galanis Marios , Racco Davide , Simon Olivier , Thompson Jedidiah O. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One contribution to any dark sector’s abundance comes from its gravitational production during inflation. If the dark sector is weakly coupled to the inflaton and the Standard Model, this can be its only production mechanism. For non-interacting dark sectors, such as a free massive fermion or a free massive vector field, this mechanism has been studied extensively. In this paper we show, via the example of dark massive QED, that the presence of interactions can result in a vastly different mass for the dark matter (DM) particle, which may well coincide with the range probed by upcoming experiments.In the context of dark QED we study the evolution of the energy density in the dark sector after inflation. Inflation produces a cold vector condensate consisting of an enormous number of bosons, which via interesting processes — Schwinger pair production, strong field electromagnetic cascades, and plasma dynamics — transfers its energy to a small number of “dark electrons” and triggers thermalization of the dark sector. The resulting dark electron DM mass range is from 50 MeV to 30 TeV, far different from both the 10−5 eV mass of the massive photon dark matter in the absence of dark electrons, and from the 109 GeV dark electron mass in the absence of dark photons. This can significantly impact the search strategies for dark QED and, more generally, theories with a self-interacting DM sector. In the presence of kinetic mixing, a dark electron in this mass range can be searched for with upcoming direct detection experiments, such as SENSEI-100g and OSCURA.
The effect of hand posture on swimming efficiency
Authors: van den Berg Joris , Bazuin Rens , Jux Constantin , Sciacchitano Andrea , Westerweel Jerry , van de Water Willem 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Our quest is for the thumb and finger positions that maximize drag in front crawl swimming and thus maximize propulsion efficiency. We focus on drag in a stationary flow. Swimming is in water, but using Reynolds similarity the drag experiments are done in a wind tunnel. We measure the forces on real-life models of a forearm with hands, flexing the thumb and fingers in various positions. We study the influence on drag of cupping the hand and flexing the thumb. We find that cupping the hand is detrimental for drag. Swimming is most efficient with a flat hand. Flexing the thumb has a small effect on the drag, such that the drag is largest for the opened (abducted) thumb. Flow structures around the hand are visualized using robotic volumetric particle image velocimetry. From the time-averaged velocity fields we reconstruct the pressure distribution on the hand. These pressures are compared to the result of a direct measurement. The reached accuracy of $$\approx$$
≈
10% does not yet suffice to reproduce the small drag differences between the hand postures.

Graphical Abstract
Analytical solution of the uniaxial extension problem for the relaxed micromorphic continuum and other generalized continua (including full derivations)
Authors: Rizzi Gianluca , Khan Hassam , Ghiba Ionel-Dumitrel , Madeo Angela , Neff Patrizio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe derive analytical solutions for the uniaxial extension problem for the relaxed micromorphic continuum and other generalized continua. These solutions may help in the identification of material parameters of generalized continua which are able to disclose size effects.