bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypercholesterolemia in the Newborn: Occurrence After Antepartum Treatment With Betamethasone Phenobarbital-Ritodrine for the Prevention of the Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Andersen Gunnar E. , Friis-Hansen Bent 
Published: December 2021

Cord serum lipid and lipoprotein values were measured in 117 normal full-term newborns, in 42 full-term newborns who had received antepartum phenobarbital therapy and in 19 full-term newborns who had received antepartum betamethasone-phenobarbital-ritodrine therapy. The values were the same in untreated and phenobarbital treated newborns, whereas a marked hypercholesterolemia with an increase primarily in very-low-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was found in betamethasone-phenobarbital-ritodrine-treated newborns, compared with untreated infants.
Furthermore, cord serum lipid and lipoprotein values were compared in 15 untreated and 10 betamethasone- phenobarbital-ritodrine-treated premature newborns. Again, hypercholesterolemia was seen in the treated newborns with an increase primarily in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. No difference was found in the cord serum lipid and lipoprotein levels of 31 untreated and 11 betamethasone-phenobarbital-ritodrine-treated small-for-gestational-age infants.
The hypercholesterolemia seen in appropriate-for-gestational-age infants after this triple drug treatment is probably caused by betamethasone. This is a cause of hypercholesterolemia in the newborn that has not been described earlier.
Reye's Syndrome in Infancy
Authors: Huttenlocher Peter R. , Trauner Doris A. 
Published: December 2021

Reye's syndrome in infancy is not a well-defined entity and is infrequently diagnosed. Eight infants 6 months of age or younger had a prodromal viral illness followed by the rapid onset of lethargy, seizures, and coma, resulting in the diagnosis of Reye's syndrome. All had abnormal results of liver function tests including elevations of blood ammonia level. Three patients had pathological studies that confirmed fatty visceral infiltration.
The data on these patients, as well as a review of the literature, indicate that the most prominent clinical findings in Reye's syndrome in infancy include marked respiratory abnormalities with tachypnea and apneic episodes; frequent occurrence of seizures in the early stages of the illness; and hypoglycemia in most cases.
A strong socioeconomic bias was noted in these patients, with the infants coming primarily from lower socioeconomic urban environments, while older children with Reye's syndrome have been observed to be predominantly middleclass and from suburban or rural areas.
Grief Response of Parents to Neonatal Death and Parent Participation in Deciding Care
Authors: Benfield D. Gary , Leib Susan A. , Vollman John H. 
Published: December 2021

We determined the grief response to neonatal death of 50 mother-father pairs by administering a queastionnaire and conducting a semistructured interview during the infant postmortem review. As measured by a parent grief score, maternal grief significantly exceeded paternal grief (t = 5.89, P .0001). Parent grief was not significantly related to birth weight, duration of life, extent of parentinfant contact, previous perinatal loss, parent age, or distance from the hospital of birth to the regional center (Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients). However, the attitudes and behavior of family, friends, and health care personnel in the hospital of birth often adversely influenced parent grieving.
Of 39 mother-father pairs whose infants required respirator support, 18 participated in a group decision with their physician to withdraw respirator support when the prospects of infant survival seemed hopeless (limited respirator care group). No significant differences in parent grief scores were found (t tests) when the limited respirator care group was compared to those parents of infants who died despite uninterrupted respirator care. Our data suggest that informed parents can participate as partners with their physician in difficult infant care decisions, even when death results, and adjust to their loss with healthy grieving.
Use of the Placenta as a Teaching Model
Authors: Clarke Thomas A. , Levy Linda , Mannino Frank 
Published: December 2021

The human placenta is a useful model for demonstrating and practicing the techniques of intravenous (IV) needle insertion and umbilical vessel catheterization in neonates.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Placentas that do not require pathologic examination are utilized as the teaching model.
IV Insertion
The amnion is removed from the infant's side of the placenta for easier needle insertion. One placenta is sufficient for two students. The use of gloves is optional. Indications and complications of IV therapy are reviewed, and insertion sites and methods are discussed. A demonstration of inserting an IV needle is given by the instructor. As in the real-life situation, blood return occurs in the scalp vein tubing on entering the vessel.
Les Chermignonards Désenchantés Reply
Authors: Désenchantés Les Chermignonards 
Published: December 2021

"You don't expect me to know what to say about a play when I don't know who the author is, do you? ... If it's by a good author, it's a good play, naturally. That stands to reason" (Fanny's First Play by George Bernard Shaw, 1911).
We find it interesting that the letter in defense of data uses a legal metaphor ("...the concept of a somber judge"). In a courtroom, opposing lawyers use the adversary process in a search for the "truth."
Car Seat Burns in Infants: Avoiding Confusion With Inflicted Burns
Authors: Schmitt Barton D. , Gray Jane D. , Britton Helen L. 
Published: December 2021

Summertime drivers commonly experience annoyance, discomfort, or even exquisite pain from hot car seats. The fact that these hot surfaces can lead to second-degree burns in young infants is less well known. The purpose of this article is to report five cases of car seat burns in children, to review the data from a brief study on peak temperatures of car seats, to offer recommendations for preventing car seat burns, to review the diagnostic criteria of car seat burns, and to examine the problem of false accusations of child abuse in these cases.
CASE REPORTS
Case 1
An 8-month-old girl was admitted to the hospital for a clinically infected bum. Three days before admission her that her left arm was red and blistered.
Calcium Requirements in Infancy and Childhood
Authors:   Committee on Nutrition
Published: December 2021

Various aspects of calciutm metabolism and methods for estimating total body calcium content in man were reviewed. From the data available, it is possible to make an estimate of the retention of calcium that is needed to sustain normal growth in body composition. However, the dietary requirements for different periods of growth cannot be defined precisely.
Dietary calcium needs are most critical during those periods of life when requirements are known to be high. The low-birth-weight infant, the lactating woman, and the adolescent boy all have requirements. Individuals whose milk intake must be restricted should receive advice on nonmilk foods that are high in calcium.
A Decongestant-Antihistamine Mixture in the Prevention of Otitis Media in Children With Colds
Authors: Randall John E. , Hendley J. Owen 
Published: December 2021

One hundred four preschool-age patients in a private pediatric practice were treated prospectively during colds with either decongestant-antihistamine or placebo to determine if the decongestant-antthistamine mixture was effective in the prevention of otitis media. Each child received a standard dosage of the study medicine according to a double-blind, crossover design. Otitis media was diagnosed on the basis of clinical criteria.
Fifteen (6.4%) of 234 colds treated with placebo and 14 (5.8%) of 241 colds treated with the study drug were followed by otitis. The decongestant-antihistamine mixture was not useful in preventing development of otitis media in children with colds.
Transcutaneous Oxygen Monitoring With the Roche 5301 Device in Newborn Infants
Authors: Malloy Michael H. , Morriss Frank H. , Adcock Eugene W. , Denson Susan E. 
Published: December 2021

As participants in the clinical field trials in the United States for the Roche 5301 transcutaneous oxygen monitor, we report here the results of our experience for comparison with that reported by Meith and colleagues in an earlier Letter (Pediatrics 58: 299, August 1976). The Roche model 5301 differs from the previously tested model 5300 in that the oxygen sensor has been modified and the electrode operates at 44 C instead of 42 C.
Thirty-two newborn infants of 28 to 39 weeks' gestational age and 560 to 3,700 gm birth weight were monitored while they experienced respiratory illness caused by idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, or apnea.
Antacid Bezoar in a Newborn
Authors: Portuguez-Malavasi Ana , Aranda Jacob V. 
Published: December 2021

Antacid therapy is commonly used in the medical management of peptic ulcers and massive gastric bleeding. A similar approach has been employed in newborn infants with stress ulcers in order to reduce the total load and concentration of gastric hydrochloric acid during massive acute gastric bleeding.1 Antacid therapy may cause aluminum hydroxide "bezoar" in a newborn infant. This report confirms this possibility and suggests a rationale for its occurrence and therapy.
CASE REPORT
This newborn infant was born at 40 weeks' gestation with a birth weight of 3.3 kg, following an uneventful pregnancy and labor. A large left diaphragmatic hernia caused severe anoxia requiring resuscitation in the delivery room.
Hazards of Inadvertent Umbilical Venous Catheterization in a Patient With Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage: A Case Report
Authors: Nickerson Bruce G. , Sahn David J. , Goldberg Stanley J. , Allen Hugh D. 
Published: December 2021

Obstructed anomalous pulmonary venous return may masquerade clinically as persistent fetal circulation in newborns. Even after cardiac eterization has been performed, a similar conclusion could be reached if pulmonary blood flow is low in volume and pulmonary venous return is significantly delayed. To make the diagnosis by demonstrating the confluence of pulmonary veins by direct catheterization from the venous side may be difficult and can lead potentially to sudden deterioration by increasing the obstruction to venous return. We encountered these pitfalls in making the diagnosis of obstructed pulmonary venous return in a recent patient, which prompted this case report.
CASE REPORT
Hypernatremic Dehydration Resulting From Inadequate Breast-Feeding
Authors: Clarke Thomas A. , Markarian Marguetrite , Griswold William , Mendoza Stanley 
Published: December 2021

Scientific evidence accumulated over the years confirms that breast milk has many advantages over formula feeding.1.2 The difficulty of monitoring an infant's intake from breast-feeding may occasionally lead to problems in the rare baby in whom inadequate intake of food and fluids is not apparent. In the present case, a 2-week-old infant developed severe hypernatremic dehydration. Hypernatremia has not been reported previously in a totally breast-fed infant.
CASE REPORT
A 3,860-gm white female infant was born to a 28-year-old primigravida mother at 40 weeks' gestation after an uncomplicated prenatal course. The amniotic fluid was meconium stained, and cardiac decelerations were noted during oxytocm induction.
Trauma-Associated Periorbital Cellulitis Due to Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Hill Jeffrey , Paisley John W. 
Published: December 2021

Although the role of H influenzae type b in childhood periorbital cellulitis is well recognized, cases associated with superficial trauma are usually due to Gram-positive cocci.1-3 A recent review suggested that appropriate antibiotic treatment of such cases might be limited to a penicillinase-resistant pencillin.3 The following case emphasizes the potential danger of this therapeutic approach.
A 20-month-old boy was entirely well until 24 hours prior to admission when he fell and sustained a superficial laceration on his right upper eyelid.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Etkin Thomas , O'Shea John S. 
Published: December 2021

Although we are unable to defend the statistical analysis offered in our paper (Pediatrics 62:844, 1978) concerning the incidence of systemic hypertension in the parents and/or siblings of our two groups of patients, we do not share Dr. Tunnessen’s concerns concerning the effects of race and socioeconomic status on pediatric blood pressures.
We have been impressed with the relative lack of influence of race on pediatric blood pressure, especially in children less than age 14, sharing the beliefs of Londe and co-workers (J Pediatr 90:93, 1977) that "impressive racial differences in blood pressure do not appear in children 3 to 14 years of age," although mindful of the findings of Miller and Shekelle (Circulation 54:993, 1976) that 15- and 16-year-old blacks have somewhat higher mean diastolic (but not systolic) pressures than whites.
Risk Factors Associated with Failure to Receive Vaccinations
Authors: Marks James S. , Halpin Thomas J. , Irvin John J. , Johnson Deane A. , Keller John R. 
Published: December 2021

A major purpose of a state-wide survey to document the vaccination status of 1,003 2-year-old children was to identify factors associated with failure to receive the recommended vaccinations. With a basic series of immunization defined as three doses of diphtheriatetanus-pertussis (DTP), three oral polio vaccine (OPV), one measles, and one rubella, 72.5% of the children had completed the series. When the completed series was redefined to include a fourth DTP and mumps vaccine the rate of completion dropped to 40.8%. However, 59.1% of the children who had not completed this optimal series could be brought up-to-date with a single visit to their provider of medical care.
Demographic variables independently associated with completion of the basic series were increased paternal education (P &lt; .001), increased maternal education (P &lt; .02), smaller family size (P &lt; .01) and higher socioeconomic status, as determined by census tract or rural town of residence (P &lt; .02). Race was not found to be a factor associated with vaccination rates when socioeconomic status was controlled.
Patients who received their vaccinations from private physicians had a better vaccination rate than those who attended health department clinics. This difference persisted even when socioeconomic status was controlled by residence (P &lt; .02).
The simultaneous comparison of parental education and family size demonstrated that a child having one parent with &lt; 12 years education or having at least three siblings has a fourfold greater risk of failure to complete his immunization than children whose parents are both college graduates. By using paternal and maternal education level and family size as screening variables, children at high risk for failure to complete their immunizations could be identified prospectively and made the target of intervention programs to improve compliance.
Phenol and Neonatal Jaundice
Authors: Doan Helen McK. , Keith Leslie , Shennan Andrew T. 
Published: December 2021

A report from the Center for Disease Control1 noted two outbreaks of idiopathic neonatal hyperbilirubinemia associated with the use of a phenolic disinfectant detergent, when used in higher than recommended concentrations. These outbreaks were examined in more detail by Wysowski et a12 at the Atlanta Center for Disease Control, confirming a temporal relationship between the excessive utilization of the phenol and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Daum et al,3 on the basis of these reports and their own in vitro experiment, concluded that the results thus far warranted removal of concentrated phenolic detergent solutions from newborn care areas, or the assurance of the proper dilutions. There are as yet, however, no reports examining the effects of this detergent on the neonate when used in recommended concentrations. Since a phenolic disinfectant detergent (Superphen, Rebco Chemicals, Burlington, Ontario) was already in use in all areas where newborns are housed at this hospital (in the manufacturer's recommended dilution of 1¼ oz/gal, applied daily to floors and once a month to walls), a prospective study was designed to compare the incidence of significant physiologic neonatal jaundice when either a phenolic (Superphen) or nonphenolic (Quaternary Ammonium, Quad "detergent sanitizer" formula no. 1492, G. H. Woods Company, Toronto, Ontario) disinfectant detergent was used in the nursery areas.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Two nurseries in Women's College Hospital (designated nursery I and II) were included in the study. In nursery I, the use of Superphen was continued as usual for the first six months of 1976, and the Quad compound used for the second six months.
Kawasaki Disease Continues to Increase in Japan
Authors: Shigematsu I. , Shibata S. , Tamashiro H. , Kawasaki T. , Kusakawa S. 
Published: December 2021

Mucocutaneous lymphnode syndrome (MCLS) or Kawasaki disease was reported first by Kawasaki in Japan in 1967.1 Cases of MCLS have been reported in many countries, since it was reported in Pediatrics in 1974.2
By the end of 1976, about 12,000 cases were collected and registered throughout Japan by the MCLS Research Committee which was organized in 1970. The Committee is now conducting the fifth nationwide survey of all pediatric departments of hospitals with more than 100 beds (1,688 hospitals) in order to register cases of MCLS newly diagnosed during 1977-1978.
Introduction of Beikost
Authors: Rivara Frederick P. 
Published: December 2021

I found the recent article, "Recommendations for feeding normal infants" by Fomon et al (Pediatrics 63:52, 1979) helpful and informative. However, I disagree with their conclusion that early feeding of beikost to help infants sleep through the night is undesirable.
With more than 30% of mothers with children under the age of 3 working outside the home, and with the ever increasing number of single parent families, factors that enable a parent to cope with raising a child under these circumstances must be advanced.
Primary Care Approaches to Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Shonkoff Jack P. , Dworkin Paul H. , Leviton Alan , Levine Melvin D. 
Published: December 2021

Ninety-seven board certified pediatricians who spend at least 75% of their professional working hours involved in the delivery of primary care in New England were interviewed to explore their attitudes and current clinical approaches to developmental disabilities.
The majority of the pediatricians relied exclusively on clinical judgment and general observations for assessing developmental problems in their offices. Responsibility for preschool screening for potential learning problems and the assessment of school failure were considered appropriate pediatric concerns. Reported customary approaches to a variety of developmental problems were not affected by the size of the practice nor by the socioeconomic status of the patient population. Patterns of referral for consultation appeared to be more dependent on the nature of the suspected disorder than on the characteristics of the physicians or their practices.
The need for more rigorous training in the developmental aspects of child health has been emphasized. In order to meet this challenge, more precise techniques for pediatric developmental assessment and more conclusive evalutions of specific interventions will have to be produced.
ADVERSE MEDICAL CONSEQUENCES OF ROLLER SKATING FOR AMERICAN GIRLS, AS VIEWED IN 1885
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

During the 1880s roller skating became enormously popular among American children. But this physical activity was considered detrimental to the health of young girls as is evident in this letter published in 1885.1
Sir: I am very much interested in this subject of "roller-skating" for girls; especially so because I have from thirty to forty girls under my care for physical training and treatment. Theoretically, I believe it was going to be a good thing, but my experience is forcing me to the conclusion that no good, moral, mental, or physical, comes from this source. With the utmost care as to time and amount, I find it unsatisfactory. It seems to bring out any latent predisposition to disease. I have been compelled to forbid those who had the slightest tendency to kidney or heart trouble, in fact, any organic trouble, indulging in the sport. In one case only, of enlarged liver, subject to acute attacks of congestion, etc., I have seen no bad effect. A case of anaemia, the most intractable one I ever had to deal with, I am sure was caused by skating excessively. The disease had so far yielded that I, in an unguarded moment, said "Yes" to a plaintive "Just one hour, please?" and the result was severe vomiting of the next meal. She had been able to take no food without great uneasiness since, and I see I'll have much of the old ground to go over. Those who have skated very much . . . have leucorrhoea, and confess it is aggravated by the limited amount of exercise I have allowed.
The Effects of Observed Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) on Hospital Staff
Authors: Friedman Gertrude R. , Franciosi Ralph A. , Drake Robert M. 
Published: December 2021

We have described an observed case of SIDS in a hospital setting. The victim was "well baby" hospitalized for psychosocial reasons. Death occurred on the fifth hospital day, during sleep and two hours after feeding. The death was silent and was preceded by cyanosis and respiratory arrest.
Hospital staff who attended the baby during his admission experienced the same traumatic reactions as families of SIDS victims, ie, shock, disbelief, anger, guilt, fear, blaming, sadness, and behavioral manifestations. Information on SIDS, communication about feelings and continued group support were of utmost importance in helping the staff to deal with the crisis. Although they had experienced death and serious illness on the ward and continued to be faced with grave situations, the unique aspects of SIDS, namely lack of etiology and its sudden and unexpected onset, brought forth personal feelings of vulnerability and called for extra coping devices. Our experience illustrates the need of an in-hospital support system to assess needs, coordinate efforts, and offer timely intervention after the death of an infant or child.