bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curcumin improves memory deficits by inhibiting HMGB1‐RAGE/TLR4‐NF‐κB signalling pathway in APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice hippocampus
Authors: Han Yuan , Chen Rui , Lin Qicheng , Liu Yu , Ge Wenwei , Cao Hong , Li Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAmyloid‐β (Aβ) deposition in the brain has been implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and neuroinflammation generates AD progression. Therapeutic effects of anti‐inflammatory approaches in AD are still under investigation. Curcumin, a potent anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant, has demonstrated therapeutic potential in AD models. However, curcumin's anti‐inflammatory molecular mechanisms and its associated cognitive impairment mechanisms in AD remain unclear. The high‐mobility group box‐1 protein (HMGB1) participates in the regulation of neuroinflammation. Herein, we attempted to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory effects of chronic oral administration of curcumin and HMGB1 expression in APP/PS1 transgenic mice AD model. We found that transgenic mice treated with a curcumin diet had shorter escape latencies and showed a significant increase in percent alternation, when compared with transgenic mice, in the Morris water maze and Y‐maze tests. Additionally, curcumin treatment could effectively decrease HMGB1 protein expression, advanced glycosylation end product‐specific receptor (RAGE), Toll‐like receptors‐4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) in transgenic mice hippocampus. However, amyloid plaques detected with thioflavin‐S staining in transgenic mice hippocampus were not affected by curcumin treatment. In contrast, curcumin significantly decreased GFAP‐positive cells, as assessed by immunofluorescence staining. Taken together, these data indicate that oral administration of curcumin may be a promising agent to attenuate memory deterioration in AD mice, probably inhibiting the HMGB1‐RAGE/TLR4‐NF‐κB inflammatory signalling pathway.
Ethical dimensions of translational developmental neuroscience research in autism
Authors: Manzini Arianna , Jones Emily J.H. , Charman Tony , Elsabbagh Mayada , Johnson Mark H. , Singh Ilina 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundSince the 1990s, increasing research has been devoted to the identification of biomarkers for autism to help attain more objective diagnosis; enable early prediction of prognosis; and guide individualized intervention options. Early studies focused on the identification of genetic variants associated with autism, but more recently, research has expanded to investigate neurodevelopmental markers. While ethicists have extensively discussed issues around advances in autism genomics, much less ethical scrutiny has focused on research on early neurodevelopment and on the interventions being developed as a result.ObjectivesWe summarize the current state of the science on the identification of early markers for autism and its potential clinical applications, before providing an overview of the ethical issues arising from increasing understanding of children's neurodevelopment in very early life.ResultsAdvances in the understanding of brain and behavioral trajectories preceding later autism diagnosis raise ethical concerns around three themes: (a) New models for understanding autism; (b) Risks and benefits of early identification and intervention; and (c) Communication of early concerns to families. These ethical issues should be further investigated in research conducted in partnership with autistic people and their families.ConclusionsThis paper highlights the need for ethical scrutiny of early neurodevelopmental research in autism. Scrutiny requires expertise and methods from the basic sciences and bioethics, as well as constructive collaborations among autistic people, their parents, and autism researchers to anticipate early interventions that serve the community's interests and accommodate the varied experiences and preferences of people on the spectrum and their families.
Competitive survival in a devastated industry: Evidence from hotels during COVID‐19
Authors: Noel Michael D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the face of COVID‐19, the federal government scrambled to provide emergency funding to businesses, but did not always take into account the heterogeneous nature of firms, especially within industries. Using the lodging industry as the application, this article shows that businesses' failure risk in a pandemic depends on a business' native ability to adapt to changing safety needs, in particular its ability to provide a socially distanced environment. Hotels not well suited to social distancing—for example, destination‐type hotels with large gathering spaces and many personalized services—offered deeper price discounts or closed down altogether during the pandemic. Simpler hotels with fewer ancillary services were more likely to remain open, with a substantial proportion actually increasing prices. Area infection rates mattered little. Effects are identified by comparing prepandemic expectations of outcomes to updated within‐pandemic expectations of outcomes, all while holding the place and the time of consumption fixed.
miR‐434 and miR‐242 have a potential role in heat stress response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Liu Xiaoxia , Wang Yongjie , Liu Zhe , Kang Yujun , Ma Fang , Luo Zhicheng , Wang Jianfu , Huang Jinqiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are being extensively studied as they function as key metabolic regulators which play a role in the heat stress response. However, the role of miRNAs in heat stress remains uncertain and many new miRNAs have not yet been discovered. In a previous study, we performed high‐throughput sequencing of differentially expressed miRNAs identified on exposing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to heat stress (18 vs. 24°C), which led to the identification of two novel miRNAs, temporarily named novel miR‐434 and ‐242. The differential expression level of these miRNAs was extremely significant (P < 0.01); we analysed target gene mRNA transcripts by bioinformatics software (miRanda). We found novel miR‐434 and ‐242 were predicted to regulate the transcripts of heat shock 70‐kDa protein 4‐like (HSPA4L) and calreticulin (CRT), respectively, by bioinformatics software. Here our core objective was to validate if HSPA4L and CRT are indeed the target genes of novel miR‐434 and ‐242, respectively, and for this purpose we used the dual‐luciferase reporter assay system. Target gene sequences were synthesized and cloned into a dual‐luciferase vector. To better understand the function of the target genes, we combined the previous sequencing results of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. We found that novel miR‐434 regulated HSPA4L expression by binding to a putative binding site in the 3′‐UTR of HSPA4L, and luciferase activity inhibition was observed. In contrast, novel miR‐242 was not involved in regulating CRT expression. To conclude, we believe our results should serve as a foundation for future studies aiming to comprehensively understand the mechanisms used by rainbow trout to cope with heat stress.
Protein profiling in the habenula after chronic (–)‐menthol exposure in mice
Authors: Mulcahy Matthew J. , Huard Stephanie M. , Paulo Joao A. , Wang Jonathan H. , McKinney Sheri , Marks Michael J. , Henderson Brandon J. , Lester Henry A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe identification of proteins that are altered following nicotine/tobacco exposure can facilitate and positively impact the investigation of related diseases. In this report, we investigated the effects of chronic (–)‐menthol exposure in 14 murine brain regions for changes in total β2 subunit protein levels and changes in epibatidine binding levels using immunoblotting and radioligand binding assays. We identified the habenula as a region of interest due to the region's marked decreases in β2 subunit and nAChR levels in response to chronic (–)‐menthol alone. Thus, we further examined the habenula, a brain region associated with both the reward and withdrawal components of addiction, for additional protein level alterations using mass spectrometry. A total of 552 proteins with altered levels were identified after chronic (–)‐menthol exposure. Enriched in the proteins with altered levels after (–)‐menthol exposure were proteins associated with signaling, immune systems, RNA regulation, and protein transport. The continuation and expansion of the brain region‐specific protein profiling in response to (–)‐menthol will provide a better understanding of how this common flavorant in tobacco and e‐liquid products may affect addiction and general health.
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Barriers and facilitators to interprofessional collaborative practice for community‐dwelling older adults: An integrative review
Authors: Montano Anna‐Rae , Cornell Portia Y. , Gravenstein Stefan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe aim of this integrative review was to synthesise empirical reports of interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) for community‐dwelling older adults and uncover barriers and facilitators related to its success as a model of care for this population.BackgroundIPCP is a model of care that has demonstrated positive outcomes for community‐dwelling older adults. However, a summary of barriers and facilitators to IPCP models has not been presented.MethodsAn integrative review using the method posited by Whittemore and Knafl was completed to identify barriers and facilitators to IPCP for community‐dwelling older adults. The literature search was reported following PRISMA guidelines.ResultsFour themes emerged as barriers to IPCP: (1)A (Potential) Logistical Nightmare, (2)All About the Money, (3)If We Can't Test It,Can We Recommend It?and (4)Challenging for the Team,Challenging for the Client. Three themes emerged as facilitators to IPCP: (1)Reducing Resource Waste, (2)The “C” in IPCPand (3)What Matters Most.ConclusionsIPCP models for community‐dwelling older adults must adapt to the setting of care and client needs. Interprofessional education opportunities for team members facilitate effective IPCP. Healthcare policies and funding structures need to address IPCP for community‐dwelling older adults for this model to be successful and sustainable.Relevance to Clinical PracticeNurses participate on and lead IPCP teams caring for community‐dwelling older adults and, therefore, need to be aware of barriers and facilitators to this model of care.
Post‐Acquisition Retention of Target Founder‐CEOs: Looking Beneath the Surface
Authors: Aghasi Keivan , Colombo Massimo G. , Rossi‐Lamastra Cristina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the retention of target CEOs in the aftermath of acquisitions by comparing target founder and professional CEOs. Considering insights from resource‐based view, managerial rent perspective, studies on acquisition implementation, and the literature on founder‐CEOs, we argue that target founder‐CEOs are resourceful assets for acquirers for implementation purposes; ergo, they are more likely to be retained than target professional CEOs. Target founder‐CEOs, owing to their unique firm‐specific human capital, have greater acquisition implementation abilities than target professional CEOs. They also have greater monetary incentives to deploy their implementation abilities to the benefit of acquirers. Furthermore, we claim that these effects are stronger, thus contributing to a higher retention rate of target founder‐CEOs than their professional peers when acquisitions are technology‐driven, and target firms are young. Results from a sample of small high‐tech firms acquired by large incumbent firms confirm our predictions.
WOMEN’S REPRODUCTIVE AUTHORITY IN RELIGIOUS ETHICS
Authors: Kamitsuka Margaret D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis special issue addresses reproductive ethics in ways that critically engage and challenge the modes of gestating, birthing, and family‐making that have been passed down in the texts and practices of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. Seven scholars trained in biblical studies, theology, ethics, and philosophy bring feminist, womanist, and queer critical perspectives to bear on a range of religious discourses and practices having to do with reproductive realities. Each essay offers constructive ethical proposals that support women’s moral agency, increase women’s voice in institutional religion’s ethical decision‐making, and strengthen women’s well‐being, whether pursuing motherhood or living childfree. These essays emphasize the need for ethics to keep pace with new modes of defining family, the corporeality of pregnancy, personhood in the womb, and other reproductive issues.
DISMANTLING THE PHALLIC ECONOMY WITH A HERMENEUTICS OF REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE
Authors: Scholz Susanne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA reproductive justice reading of Numbers 5:11–31 centers on “the human right to maintain personal bodily autonomy, have children, not have children, and parent the children we have in safe and sustainable communities,” as the SisterSong Women of Color Reproductive Justice Collective stated so lucidly twenty years ago. Accordingly, a reproductive justice interpretation stresses the ethical imperative of reading Numbers 5:11–31 within the context of the reproductive justice movement. The interpretation centers on the most marginalized character—the woman—by recasting the woman’s experience as sexual violence and not as adultery; it addresses the intersecting oppression as it is represented by the husband whose ally is the priest; it analyzes the depicted power system in Numbers 5:11–31; and it reimagines the dusty water drink as an herbal abortifacient.
“MAKING MYSELF”
Authors: Moultrie Monique 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article, I utilize Black queer feminist ethicist Thelathia “Nikki” Young’s concept of subversive and generative moral imagination and queer relationality to explore the concept of family for Black Christian women who are childfree by choice positing that these women have a nuanced understanding of legacy, nurturing, and family that is greatly influenced by Christian (and particularly Black Protestant) norms. First, I present the scholarship on childlessness, providing keen attention to how this literature is racialized and gendered in a heteronormative manner. In the second section, themes are explored from the focus group interviews conducted with nine Black Christian childfree women. Finally, the essay ends by providing constructive ethical practices for Black religious communities and the sub‐discipline of reproductive ethics. This exploratory research begins the work of investigating how Black women make themselves over as participants in new familial structures that are not contingent upon reproduction and biology.
SPOOKINESS, SEA SPONGES, STARDUST, AND THE SACRED
Authors: Stone Porter Andrew 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDevelopments in twentieth‐century science upended the classical Newtonian paradigm that posited a mechanistic universe of atomized entities, regular forces, and natural laws. Trajectories in quantum, biological and cosmic sciences began to indicate instead a paradigm of entanglement and relativity. Religious ethicists and theologians, especially feminists, have interpreted the new model by adopting “interdependence” as a relational‐ontological symbol. What are the implications of this move for religious ethics? I consider a selection of representative works that ascribe normative value to quanto‐bio‐cosmic ontological interdependence. The contemporary scientific paradigm affirms feminist and liberationist relational ontologies, but the attempt to synthesize an “ethico‐onto‐epistemology” from natural processes inevitably runs up against the fact/value distinction as well as ethical ambiguities intrinsic to natural interdependence. These issues must be addressed if interdependence is to survive as a theological ethical symbol.
Risk factors of anaemia and iron deficiency in Somali children and women: Findings from the 2019 Somalia Micronutrient Survey
Authors: Wirth James P. , Sesay Fatmata , Mbai Joshua , Ali Sundus Ibrahim , Donkor William E. S. , Woodruff Bradley A. , Pilane Zahra , Mohamud Kheyriya Mohamed , Muse Ahmed , Yussuf Hamda Omar , Mohamed Warsame Said , Veraguth Rosmarie , Rezzi Serge , Williams Thomas N. , Mohamoud Abdullahi Muse , Mohamud Farhan Mohamed , Galvin Melanie , Rohner Fabian , Katambo Yvonne , Petry Nicolai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere are limited data on the prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency (ID) in Somalia. To address this data gap, Somalia's 2019 micronutrient survey assessed the prevalence of anaemia and ID in children (6–59 months) and non‐pregnant women of reproductive age (15–49 years). The survey also collected data on vitamin A deficiency, inflammation, malaria and other potential risk factors for anaemia and ID. Multivariable Poisson regressions models were used to identify the risk factors for anaemia and ID in children and women. Among children, the prevalence of anaemia and ID were 43.4% and 47.2%, respectively. Approximately 36% and 6% of anaemia were attributable to iron and vitamin A deficiencies, respectively, whereas household possession of soap was associated with approximately 11% fewer cases of anaemia. ID in children was associated with vitamin A deficiency and stunting, whereas inflammation was associated with iron sufficiency. Among women, 40.3% were anaemic, and 49.7% were iron deficient. In women, ID and number of births were significantly associated with anaemia in multivariate models, and approximately 42% of anaemia in women was attributable to ID. Increased parity was associated with ID, and incubation and early convalescent inflammation was associated with ID, whereas late convalescent inflammation was associated with iron sufficiency. ID is the main risk factor of anaemia in both women and children and contributed to a substantial portion of the anaemia cases. To tackle both anaemia and ID in Somalia, food assistance and micronutrient‐specific programmes (e.g. micronutrient powders and iron supplements) should be enhanced.
Shugoshin ensures maintenance of the spindle assembly checkpoint response and efficient spindle disassembly
Authors: Sane Aakanksha , Sridhar Shreyas , Sanyal Kaustuv , Ghosh Santanu K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractShugoshin proteins are evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotes, with some species‐specific cellular functions, ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation. They act as adaptors at various subcellular locales to mediate several protein‐protein interactions in a spatio‐temporal manner. Here, we characterize shugoshin (Sgo1) in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. We observe that Sgo1 retains its centromeric localization and performs its conserved functions of regulating the sister chromatid biorientation, centromeric condensin localization, and maintenance of chromosomal passenger complex (CPC). We identify novel roles of Sgo1 as a spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) component with functions in maintaining a prolonged SAC response by retaining Mad2 and Bub1 at the kinetochores in response to improper kinetochore‐microtubule attachments. Strikingly, we discover the in vivo localization of Sgo1 along the length of the mitotic spindle. Our results indicate that Sgo1 performs a hitherto unknown function of facilitating timely disassembly of the mitotic spindle in C. albicans. To summarize, this study unravels a unique functional adaptation of shugoshin in maintaining genomic stability.
Prediction of hand‐wrist maturation stages based on cervical vertebrae images using artificial intelligence
Authors: Kim Dong‐Wook , Kim Jinhee , Kim Taesung , Kim Taewoo , Kim Yoon‐Ji , Song In‐Seok , Ahn Byungduk , Choo Jaegul , Lee Dong‐Yul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo predict the hand‐wrist maturation stages based on the cervical vertebrae (CV) images, and to analyse the accuracy of the proposed algorithms.Settings and populationA total of 499 pairs of hand‐wrist radiographs and lateral cephalograms of 455 orthodontic patients aged 6‐18 years were used for developing the prediction model for hand‐wrist skeletal maturation stages.Materials and MethodsThe hand‐wrist radiographs and the lateral cephalograms were collected from two university hospitals and a paediatric dental clinic. After identifying the 13 anatomic landmarks of the CV, the width‐height ratio, width‐perpendicular height ratio and concavity ratio of the CV were used as the morphometric features of the CV. Patients’ chronological age and sex were also included as input data. The ground truth data were the Fishman SMI based on the hand‐wrist radiographs. Three specialists determined the ground truth SMI. An ensemble machine learning methods were used to predict the Fishman SMI. Five‐fold cross‐validation was performed. The mean absolute error (MAE), round MAE and root mean square error (RMSE) values were used to assess the performance of the final ensemble model.ResultsThe final ensemble model consisted of eight machine learning models. The MAE, round MAE and RMSE were 0.90, 0.87 and 1.20, respectively.ConclusionPrediction of hand‐wrist SMI based on CV images is possible using machine learning methods. Chronological age and sex increased the prediction accuracy. An automated diagnosis of the skeletal maturation may aid as a decision‐supporting tool for evaluating the optimal treatment timing for growing patients.
What are patients' beliefs about, and experiences of, adaptation to glasses and how does this affect their wearing habits?
Authors: Hughes Amy , Fylan Fiona , Elliott David B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeIt is well known that some patients experience difficulties adapting to new glasses. However, little is known about what patients themselves understand of the adaptation process, and how this influences their attitudes and the decisions they make when adapting to a new pair of glasses. Nor is it understood whether these factors affect their wearing habits.MethodsWe conducted four focus groups. Participants were 22 glasses wearers (mean ± SD age 43 ± 14 years, range 21–71 years) who reported they: (1) wore spectacle correction for distance vision (single vision, bifocal or progressive lenses); (2) had struggled to get used to a new pair of glasses and (3) sometimes chose not to wear their distance correction. Focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.ResultsWe identified three themes. Trust is about how participants' trust in their optometrist and themselves influences the likelihood of them adapting successfully to new glasses. Conflict describes how the advice patients have received about adapting to glasses can conflict with what they have experienced and how this conflict influences their expectations. Part of Me explores how participants' experiences and feelings about their glasses are important to adaptation and this includes physical, visual, emotional and behavioural aspects.ConclusionsThe traditional optometric perspective of adaptation to glasses is much narrower than that held by patients, and significantly underestimates the physical, behavioural and emotional adaptation that patients must go through in order to feel fully comfortable wearing their glasses. Patients should receive significantly more information about adaptation, including symptoms that may be experienced and why these happen, practical tips to aid adaptation, and when and how to raise concerns. Patients should also receive information about the day‐to‐day effects of blur adaptation to avoid them not wearing their glasses, including for vision‐critical tasks such as driving.