bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapy of Reye's Syndrome
Authors: Eskes Philip W. H. 
Published: December 2021

Recently, Brown and Madge published their rationale of treatment for Reye's Syndrome in this journal in a letter to the Editor. We would like to add another case to the one they treated, with successful outcome following their insulin-glucose routine:
A 4-year-old Caucasian male was admitted to Huntington Hospital following a 24-hour history of severe vomiting. Initially he demonstrated few abnormalities on physical exam, but within 24 hours he alternated periods of hyperagitation with periods of stupor, developed cortical blindness, sluggish pupillary reflexes, hyperactive KTR's, and positive Babinski's bilaterally.
HYPERCALCEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTENSION DUE TO PROLONGED IMMOBILIZATION (AN UNUSUAL COMPLICATION OF EXTENSIVE BURNS)
Authors: Berliner Benjamin C. , Shenker I. Ronald , Weinstock Michael S. 
Published: December 2021

An 11-year-old boy developed hypercalcemia, hyposthenuria, hypertension, and hypertensive encephalopathy after being immobilized because of severe third degree burns. Complete recovery took place when his serum calcium returned to normal levels. The possible mechanisms involved in the development of these little recognized complications of hypercalcemia are discussed.
Although these phenomena are well documented in the medical literature, there has been little attention given to this association in pediatric publications.
Pediatricians have long been aware of the hypertensive problems encountered in burns, as well as other situations of immobilization. They have also recognized hypercalcemia under these circumstances, but the mutual relationship has been rarely commented upon.
WHAT AMERICAN PARENTS READ ABOUT COLIC IN 1860
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

As every pediatrician knows, there is little really known about the causes of a type of abdominal pain in infants which every mother calls colic. Among the etiologic factors mentioned are: hunger and underfeeding, overfeeding and flatulence, hyperactivity, allergy, family tensions, and immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment still remains largely a matter of trial and error and is generally unsatisfactory.
Dr. Henry S. Taylor writing in 1860 had this to say about colic.
The period when children are most liable to colic is from the age of one or two weeks till they have cut their first teeth. It shows itself by the tension or enlargement of the stomach, a drawing up of the knees toward the stomach, as if in pain, and an emission of wind from the stomach, which usually for a short time affords relief. It is frequently attended with costiveness and sometimes by vomiting. It arises usually from wet feet, or from the use of improper food, and is almost invariably attended with indigestion. Taken in its earliest stages, it is seldom difficult to cure, but is exceedingly debilitating, and if neglected becomes dangerous. We have known bilious colic to remove by death even an adult in five or six hours. Convulsions in children are not unfrequently caused by neglect of the colic.
Not unfrequent it has been found that the colic of the infant has arisen from the state of its mother system. In all such cases the health of the mother and her diet should be promptly attended to.
Isolated Phrenic Nerve Palsy in the Newborn
Authors: Smith Barry T. 
Published: December 2021

A case of isolated phrenic nerve palsy in a newborn infant following a difficult forceps delivery is described. Treatment was supportive and complete clinical and radiological recovery occurred between the tenth and eighteenth days of life.
Phrenic nerve palsy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of respiratory distress in the newborn period, especially if there is a history of traumatic delivery or if a brachial palsy is present.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Gluck Louis 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Roux is correct; the procedure he outlines and executes which is his own modification is neither valid nor reliable.
We use Silica Gel H containing (NH4)2SO4 (Dr. Roux did not) which gives a different chromatographic separation from his. His statements about Eastman chromatogram sheets No. 6061 do not apply; these cannot be charred. His application of a large overload of phospholipids (0.5 mg) gives poor separation on TLC; we use about 30 µg. We long ago advised Dr. Roux that we stopped spraying with H2SO4 since this chars less uniformly than does the heated (NH4)2SO4-Silica Gel H plate.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Greensher Joseph , Mofenson Howard C. , Borofsky Leatrice G. 
Published: December 2021

The letter in Pediatrics,1 on "Improved Methods of Lumbar Puncture in the Newborn and Small Infant" and the comments by Dr. Byers was of special interest to us.
In our recently published article, "Lumbar Puncture in the Neonate: A Simplified Technique,"2 a "Butterfly-21 Infusion Set Needle" was used by us with excellent results. The possibility of coring out a fragment of skin tissue by using a hollow needle was considered. In an experimental series demonstrating this phenomena, Gibson and Norris3 felt that these fragments would cause plugging of the needle or flow outward with the fluid.
PLASMA PRESSORS IN THE NORMAL AND STRESSED NEWBORN INFANT
Authors: Holden Kenton R. , Young Reuben B. , Piland Jethro H. , Hurt W. Glenn 
Published: December 2021

Plasma pressor activity (PPA) was measured in umbilical plasma of 29 full-term newborn infants and two sets of twins using a modified in vitro bioassay which reflects primarily plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Full-term newborn infants with asphyxia neonatorum demonstrated significant hypercapnia, acidemia, lower Apgar scores, and elevated PPA as compared to normal.
Eight newborn infants born to mothers with mild preeclampsia as well as the second born of twins showed similar trends. Pooled data on all newborn infants revealed a highly significant correlation between umbilical artery PPA and Paco2, pHa, as well as Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes.
AVOIDING PEDIATRIC PATHOGENESIS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE MINOR ILLNESS
Authors: Carey William B. , Sibinga Maarten S. 
Published: December 2021

The management of acute minor illnesses constitutes a major portion of a physician's work. The impact of such illness on the child's development and the physician's positive or negative influence on the child's and the parents' emotional adjustment are considered here. Very few data are available in the literature. Suggestions for management and research are presented.
Diagnosis and therapy of acute minor illness are far from uniform or agreed upon. Accurate diagnosis and reasonable treatment are the pediatrician's first responsibility. Over-, under-, and misdiagnosing and treating are to be avoided. Secondly, he should nurture the sick child by reducing stress and by promoting his adjustment to the illness situation. The child's emotional health suffers from the pediatrician's neglect, over-involvement with or mismanagement of his feelings during illness. Thirdly, the pediatrician should support the parents by helping them to deal with the specific illness and by promoting their capacity to cope with illness in general. If, instead, the pediatrician is overly dominant or submissive, neglectful or punitive in handling the parents' needs, they may become frightened, dependent, demanding, confused, or angry. Their feelings of incompetence in handling illnesses affect their general child-rearing abilities.
CAN NASAL BACTERIAL FLORA BE PREDICTED FROM CLINICAL FINDINGS?
Authors: Hays Gerald C. , Mullard Janice E. 
Published: December 2021

In a clinical study involving 229 control subjects and 285 patients with abnormal nasal or paranasal findings which extended over a 2-year period, patients with crusting below the nares, on the edges of the alae nasi, or redness of the skin below the nares had a significant increase in the growth of beta hemolytic streptococcus in their nasal cultures.
Patients with a nasal discharge had a higher incidence of beta hemolytic streptococci, Hemophilus influenzae, and pneumococci than the controls.
Color, thickness, and duration of nasal discharge were poor predictors of nasal bacterial flora.
Blistering distal dactylitis was found in two symptomatic patients, both of whom grew beta streptococci from their noses and the pus from the blisters.
PEDIATRIC PROBLEMS RELATED TO DETERIORATED HOUSING
Authors: Wehrle Paul F. , Brent Robert L. , Chisolm J. Julian , Doyle John L. , Fagan Emmett L. , Finberg Laurence , Miller Robert W. , Nahmias Andre J. , Thompson G. D. Carlyle , Farr Lee E. , Horton Robert J. M. 
Published: December 2021

There has been increasing concern by several groups about the plight of children whose lives are harmed by their housing environment, which results in an increased risk of accidents, infectious diseases, and in particular, lead poisoning. The Committee on Environmental Hazards has also been vitally concerned with these problems, and several of its members have served as expert witnesses in congressional hearings on related bills. However, efforts up to the present have been insufficient to alleviate illnesses which, though ill-defined, are clearly preventable.
The Committee on Environmental Hazards recommends that the Academy encourage national and local governments to support, at the economic and law enforcement levels (including health departments), those measures necessary to alleviate the problems of childhood lead poisoning. Deteriorated housing is an essential feature of lead poisoning, and it is related to the increased risk of accidents and the incidence of infectious diseases. Action is needed to urge landlords, by whatever means possible, to improve those housing conditions which are a danger to the health of children. It may be economically unfeasible for landlords of deteriorated housing in inner cities to improve their buildings, and both legislative action and financial commitment from government may be necessary to bring about required action.
Growth Charts for Black Children Now Available
Authors: Scott Roland B. 
Published: December 2021

In view of the relative dearth of readily available growth data on black children, readers of Pediatrics may be interested in obtaining copies of growth charts currently being used in the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health of Howard University College of Medicine and Freedmen's Hospital.
Graphic charts (8½ x 11 in.) depicting data for head circumference, length, and weight (metric system) in children under 17 years of age are available. Data for boys and girls are plotted on separate charts.
The Patient, His Family, the Pediatrician, and the Pediatric Allergist
Authors: Rapaport Howard G. 
Published: December 2021

The recent statement by the Section Committee on Allergy on the relationship between pediatrician and allergist presents the point of view of the pediatrician, for the most part ignoring or minimizing that of the allergist. I believe that both sides of this question should be aired.
The statement is particularly disturbing because its basic premise—that the pediatrician, assisted by a cooperative allergist, will be able to treat most allergic problems—has been disproven by the experience of at least 20 years.
Possible Influence of Geographic Location and Colony Counts on Guidelines for Diagnosis of Streptococcal Infections in Rheumatic Fever
Authors: Lewak Norman 
Published: December 2021

In their "Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Streptococcal Infection" (Pediatrics, 48:573, 1971), Honikman and Massell did not specify whether the guidelines should vary by geographic location. Taking into consideration the economic factors mentioned by the authors, should the same guidelines apply to different areas of the country which have markedly different incidences of rheumatic fever?
We are all aware that the public is (rightfully) taking a close look at the quality of medical practice. Practice audits appear to be a certainty in the future.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Tefft Melvin 
Published: December 2021

The use of echo cardiography is still another modality available for the evaluation of pencardial effusion as differentiated from myocardial enlargement. However, it is still a relatively new technique, not necessarily replacing either radioisotope scanning or CO2 insufflation. Moreover, it may not be readily available, both in terms of instrumentation and experienced individuals for proper interpretation.
Possibly, at this time, one should consider all techniques available and should choose the one readily available to his own institution where most accurate diagnosis can be obtained.
Vomiting In Utero with Intestinal Atresia
Authors: Shrand H. 
Published: December 2021

The fetus with high intestinal obstruction may vomit bile in utero. A green amniotic fluid with failure to pass meconium clinches the diagnosis.
Case Report
After an uncomplicated pregnancy, labor progressed with no signs of fetal distress—yet when the membranes were ruptured excessive amounts of green amniotic fluid appeared. The obstetcian diagnosed hydramnios with "meconium stained liquor." The fetal heart then dropped to 80 beats a minute and the infant (2.7 kg) was immediately delivered by low forceps. The cord was wrapped around the neck producing a face purple with ecchymoses.
After unwrapping the cord greenish fluid was suctioned from the mouth and pharynx and over 30 cc from the stomach.
FILLED MILKS, IMITATION MILKS, AND COFFEE WHITENERS
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION
Published: December 2021

Certain fluid milk-like products packaged in the same type of container as fresh fluid milk are marketed in grocery stores in many states. These products may be mistaken for fresh fluid milk and skim milk; therefore, the Committee on Nutrition is concerned about the nutritive value of such products if they are used in the diets of infants and children.
These milk-like products are classsified as filled milks and imitation milk. According to the provisions of the Filled Milk Act, Public Law No. 513, a filled milk is defined as any milk, cream, or skim milk to which any fat or oil other than milk fat has been added so the resulting product is in semblance to or imitation of a milk product. More simply stated, any mixture of milk solids with fats other than milk fat is called a "filled" product. However, imitation milk resembles milk but contains no skim milk or nonfat milk solids. Filled milks are and have been marketed in many states, whereas imitation milks have only recently been offered to the public in several areas, notably New York, Arizona, and California.
Most imitation milks on the market are totally unsuitable for infant feeding and constitute a public health risk, even though these products are presently marketed in just a few areas. However, it appears advisable to inform physicians about the nutritional values of milk-like products because they could become more widely available.
This statement does not deal with proprietary infant formulas, which are specifically exempted under the provisions of the Filled Milk Act1 and which are covered by Food and Drug Administration regulations on Special Dietary Foods.
Radionuclide Brain Scans in Convulsive Disorders?
Authors: Golden Gerald S. , Erenberg Gerald 
Published: December 2021

In a recent article, Tefft1 has stated that radioactive brain scans must be used to evaluate each child with a convulsive disorder, including those with a normal neurological examination and a normal or nonspecific electroencephalogram. He states that this should be done to rule out the presence of a low grade intracranial neoplasm or arteriovenous malformation. We would like to present three objections to this blanket policy.
First, the yield would be extremely low. Follow up of children with epilepsy detected gliomas in 23 of 10,450 children (0.3%) in the study by Page, et al.2 and in 3 of 1,518 (0.2%) studied by Livingston.3
GENETIC DISORDER OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS, by David L. Rimoin, M.D., Ph.D., R. Neil Schimke, M.D. St. Louis: The C. V. Mosby Company, 1971, 383 pp., $32.50
Authors: Frasier S. Douglas 
Published: December 2021

The authors present this book as an attempt to catalogue the known genetic disorders of the endocrine glands. They have succeeded admirably.
Each chapter begins with a brief description of the embryology and physiology of the gland under discussion. If there are weaknesses in this presentation, they are excusable in the light of the authors' main purpose. Embryology and physiology are followed by a catalogue of genetic disorders which are associated with altered function of that gland.
HEMOLYTIC CRISES OF FAVISM IN SICILIAN FEMALES HETEROZYGOUS FOR G-6-PD DEFICIENCY
Authors: Russo Giuseppe , Mollica Florindo , Pavone Lorenzo , Schilirò Gino 
Published: December 2021

Five female children who suffered hemolytic crises of favism were studied 10 to 20 months after crisis. Spectrophotometric assay of erythrocytic glucose-6-PD (G-6-PD) activity, methemoglobin reduction test, and three cytochemical methods of enzyme demonstration in individual erythrocytes were performed. The parents were also studied in the same way.
Four girls were certainly heterozygotes for G-6-PD deficiency, and one was very probably a heterozygote. A relationship was found between severity of hemolytic crisis and degree of enzyme deficiency and percentage of enzyme devoid red cells. The G-6-PD levels during crisis were higher than out of crisis.
Assumption of a selective lysis of enzymopenic red cells during crisis would seem justified. Heterozygotes with low percentages of enzymopenic red cells probably experience hemolytic processes without or with minimal clinical signs. Hence favism in females is probably more frequent than generally thought.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Katz Samuel L. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Kempe having recently commented on the end of smallpox vaccination in the United States (Pediatrics, 49:489, 1972), we asked Dr. Samuel Katz to answer these two letters. He writes:
In response to the five questions raised by Dr. Edward B. Shaw, I have prepared the following answers. They are arranged in the sequence he has used.
(1) The decision was not a sudden, frivolous, or unexpected one on the part of the Committee. The WHO Smallpox Eradication Program began in 1966 and showed its striking results first in 1968.
Allied Health Workers in Pediatrics
Authors: Matlin Arnold H. 
Published: December 2021

I strongly disagree with the opinions of Dr. Pick in regard to the appropriate role of allied health workers.
Dr. Pick is concerned with the private practice of pediatrics, while to me the more important issue is the overall health care of children. In view of the worsening crisis in health care delivery, we can no longer afford the luxury of letting highly trained health professionals perform functions that can be equally well performed by less highly trained personnel.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Bean Margaret A. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Pick's thinking is fuzzy. What does he mean by "pediatric judgment?" If he means judgment made by a pediatrician, then his last paragraph doesn't make sense. If, as I suspect, however, he means making decisions about care and treatment of children and giving advice, counseling, and teaching that many parents need in rearing healthy children and caring for them in illness—what makes him think that pediatricians have a corner in this market?
Judgment is judgment.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE USE OF AUREOMYCIN IN VARICELLA
Authors: MAZURSKY MILTON M. , WRIGHT LYDIA , WEICHSEL MANFRED 
Published: December 2021

Eighty-two patients with varicella between the ages of 6 months and 12 years whose rash was of less than 24 hours' duration and none of whose lesions were in the crust or scab stage were seen on admission and followed daily for six days. Forty-one of these patients received aureomycin orally (50 mg./kg. body weight the first 24 hours; 25 mg./kg. body weight the next 48). Forty-one cases served as controls.
Aureomycin had no effect on the cases treated.
Two patients developed epidemic parotitis despite the administration of aureomycin early in their incubation periods.
CONGENITAL ANOMALIES
Authors: MILLER HERBERT C. 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this Symposium is to survey an area of human existence that has interested laymen as well as physicians for centuries, but one in which very few facts have been assembled until modern times. It is only recently that the power of "the foul fiend Flibbertigibbet, who squints the eye and makes the harelip," has diminished and that "the craft and subtlety of the Devil" in the production of monsters has waned. So much progress has been made within the past decade that we now can begin to discuss the problem of the congenitally defective infant in terms of prevention and not just of theoretic eugenics.
While the title of this Symposium is "Congenital Anomalies," it would be remiss to limit our attention solely to anatomic abnormalities. It is becoming increasingly clear that the latter are but one aspect of a much larger problem, namely, the general health of the fetus. The etiologic agents which are responsible for anatomic malformations apparently are capable of producing other types of injury in the fetus. For instance, congenital toxoplasmosis is sometimes associated with microphthalmia, an easily recognized anatomic malformation, as well as encephalitis, chorioretinitis and uveitis in the same individual. It is also apparent that a single anomaly can result from any one of several prenatal factors. Microphthalmia can result from congenital toxoplasmosis, maternal rubella or a genetic factor. Microcephaly is the result of such diverse factors as maternal rubella, excessive exposure to X-rays or a genetic factor. It is evident that a multiplicity of prenatal factors are associated with various morbid states in the fetus, of which congenital malformation is only one.
CASE FATALITY IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN WITH PERTUSSIS, 1942-1946
Authors: KOHN JEROME L. , FISCHER ALFRED E. , MARKS HERBERT H. 
Published: December 2021

Analysis of data on patients with pertussis during 1942-1946 obtained by means of a questionnaire from communicable disease hospitals and from health officers in a number of cities in the United States and Canada showed these results:
Case fatality rates of patients admitted to hospitals for treatment have declined substantially in the period under review. This decline is general, both among infants under one year of age and among older children. In 1946, the case fatality rate of the infants hospitalized for the disease was 5.0% in those cities for which data for at least four years were available. This may be compared with the rate of 7.8% in 1942 and 11.1% in 1943. At ages one year and over, the rate was only 1.3% in 1946, as compared with 1.7% in 1942 and 3.7% in 1943.
The rates in the hospitals with larger experiences were generally more favorable than in hospitals with smaller experiences.
Despite the incomplete reporting of pertussis, which results in exaggerating the case fatality rate for the general population, the level of these rates in the community as a whole was lower than for hospitalized cases. This reflects the higher proportion of the severer cases in the hospitalized group. Indications are that in many places hospitalization is limited more and more to severe cases.
Progress in the management of pertussis, especially of the severer cases admitted to hospitals, is believed to be the chief factor in the decline in case fatality of pertussis.
A request contained in the questionnaire for an opinion on the severity of pertussis during the period studied elicited few replies, and these replies showed a division of opinion on the matter. It appears unlikely that there has been much of any change in the severity of the disease.