bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
« Des adolescents terrorisent le nord de la ville »
Authors: Décary-Secours12 Benoit 
Published: January 2021

Avant d’investir le champ scientifique qui sert d’appui à ses usages institutionnels au Québec, la catégorie de « gang de rue » s’est d’abord constituée au sein du champ médiatique dans un contexte de tensions, de luttes et d’une profonde labilité. Dans une perspective généalogique, notre objectif est d’analyser les luttes et les instabilités qui ont donné lieu à son émergence, ainsi que les mécanismes discursifs par lesquels elle est parvenue à interpeller les pouvoirs publics et à s’imposer comme stable et nécessaire. En amont de la panique morale qui entoure l’émergence médiatique du gang de rue, l’« événement discursif » permet d’interroger le discours à partir duquel le gang de rue obtient son existence sociale concrète. Privilégiant la méthode d’analyse du discours, le travail empirique s’appuie sur la constitution d’un corpus de presse composé d’articles des journaux La Presse et Journal de Montréal publiés entre 1987 et 1989.
As Climate Change Responds with Terrifying Brutalities
Authors: MRICS Nura Jibo 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The lip service in tackling the climate change issues five years after the famous Paris Agreement on climate change is quite unwholesome to individual countries' pledges and promises that were made on reducing global carbon emissions at Le Bourget, France. The attempt to limit the global mean temperature to 1.50 Celsius preindustrial level has even resulted in warming the climate more than anticipated [1]. The bulk of the climate change adaptation and mitigation effort(s) have, generally, ended up in a tragic fiasco. The rise in sea level and temperature overshoot carry substantial and enormous risks and uncertainties that have caused the entire humanity to head towards an irreversible crossing tipping point [2]. For example, the year 2020 horrible flooding; animal and plant species extinction; coral reef death; permafrost melt; loss of sea and land ice; breaking of the two major glaciers in the coast of the Amundsen Sea in West Antarctica that has kept climatologists and meteorologists terrified in studying the Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers, are all cases in point that proved an irreversible condition of the climate change.
Methodology: This paper used content analyses by reviewing the climate change brutal scenarios that occurred at random globally. The data on climate events was obtained from the existing literature on the magnitude of destruction of flood rains and storms’ damage due to sea level rise that is exacerbated by the breaking away of the two major glaciers in the coast of the Amundsen Sea in West Antarctica.
Results: The paper examined critically the flood scenarios that occurred in Puerto Rico; Arecibo; Panzhihua; Gopalganj; Kara-Kache; Krasnoyarsk; Tlalpane; Talas; Taif; Valencia; Lagamenas; Khabarovsk; Hadejia; Dabi; Magarya; and Auyo etc. It revealed that massive flooding was witnessed globally within a span of a weeklong catastrophe. Sea level had risen by at least 0.05 percentile as a result of the breaking away and melting of the two glaciers at the coast of the West Antarctica.
Conclusion: The paper concluded that human beings are no longer near the target of achieving the 1.50–20C goal. What remains now is for everyone to understand the dangers of the climate change blind investment that has already thrown the entire world habitat into a déjàvu phenomenon.
Diagnostic relevance of sleep complaints in anxiety and mood disorders
Authors: Arriaga F , Lara E , Matos-Pires A , Cavaglia F , Bastos L 
Published: July 2002

SummaryClinical assessments of sleep and subjective state upon waking were performed in normal controls and patients with generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, primary dysthymia and major depression. Subjects were selected according to DSM-III-R criteria. As compared to normal controls, patients with generalised anxiety, dysthymia and major depression exhibit pervasive and intense complaints of insomnia, and no clear distinctions can be drawn among these groups. Patients with panic disorder do not differ from normal controls, whereas obsessive compulsive patients present limited sleep symptoms. These findings suggest that subjective sleep variables are relevant for the diagnostic discrimination of panic and obsessive-compulsive disorders.
Quality of life measurements in major depression
Authors: Bech P 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIn randomized clinical trials in patients with major depression quality of life is considered as an important dimension of treatment outcome in relation to clinical efficacy and safety. The internal validity, reliability, as well as external validity of quality of life scales have been analysed. It is concluded that such scales have their most appropriate applicability in medicine and long-term trials with antidepressants.
Efficacy of ethanol sclerotherapy for ovarian endometriomas
Authors: Noma J , Yoshida N 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the efficacy and limitations of ethanol sclerotherapy for ovarian endometriomas. Methods: Retrospective investigation was made on 83 women with ovarian endometriomas who underwent transvaginal aspiration and ethanol sclerotherapy at Hiroshima City Hospital between 1993 and 1998. Furthermore, 30 who underwent laparoscopic cystectomy for ovarian endometriomas during the same period were investigated. Results: Of the 74 women who were followed for more than 6 months, 11 (14.9%) had recurrent cysts. The recurrence rate of laparoscopic cystectomy was 3.8% (NS). The recurrence rate of cases instilled for less than 10 min was 62.5% (5/8), and that for 10 or more than 10 min was 9.1% (6/66) (P<0.001). The recurrence rate of cases having one cyst was 7.5% (4/53) and that of cases having two or more cysts was 33.3% (7/21) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Ethanol sclerotherapy is an effective and safe procedure and can be indicated for almost all ovarian endometriomas. Conduct of ethanol instillation for more than 10 min particularly for a case with a single endometrial cyst is considered most effective from the standpoint of recurrence.
Interfacial Curvature as a Potential Index for Prognosis of Colon Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gao Jingwei , Yang Chongqing , Li Jianjun , Liu Sidi , Ao Zhuo , Han Dong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTumor invasion and metastasis are complex interfacial mechanical processes between the tumor and its surrounding tissue, with the interfacial curvature of tumor playing an important role in cancer progression. In this study, the potential role of interfacial curvature in the prognosis of patients with colon adenocarcinoma is investigated. The front edge interfacial curvature of adenocarcinoma from biopsies of patients in different tumor, lymph node, and metastasis (TNM) stages are calculated and compared, and prognosis assessment is conducted using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Results reveal that patients with larger interfacial curvature of adenocarcinoma are more likely to belong to higher TNM stages. Concomitantly, in the same TNM stage, patients with increased adenocarcinoma interfacial curvature show worse prognosis with higher recurrence and lower survival rates. Besides, interfacial curvature is an independent prognostic factor for cause‐specific survival and relapse‐free survival among all selected patients. Mechanical models of colon adenocarcinoma invasion and metastasis are established to better understand the close association between interfacial curvature and tumor progression. The results together with hematoxylin and eosin staining indicate that metastasis in stages T3N0M0 and T3N1M0 may be linked to large interfacial curvatures. Therefore, interfacial curvature may serve as a potential index for predicting prognosis in patients with colon adenocarcinoma.
A Covalently Integrated Reduced Graphene Oxide–Ion‐Exchange Resin Electrode for Efficient Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Islam Md Rabiul , Gupta Soujit Sen , Jana Sourav Kanti , Srikrishnarka Pillalamarri , Mondal Biswajit , Chennu Sudhakar , Ahuja Tripti , Chakraborty Amrita , Pradeep Thalappil 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCapacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging, cost‐effective alternative for energy‐efficient desalination technology. Efficient electrode materials based on individual reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets are produced by functionalizing them with polystyrene (rGO–PS) through an in situ polymerization process involving rGO, styrene monomer, and divinylbenzene. The rGO–PS‐integrated composite nanostructures are subsequently functionalized with sulfonate and quaternary amine functionalities to achieve positively and negatively charged electro‐adsorbent ion‐exchange resins (EAIERs), respectively. These EAIERs ‘molecular constructs’ are used to fabricate CDI electrodes, and deionization is performed to remove various ions. These molecular constructs promote faster charge transfer at the electrode–electrolyte interface and maintained the electrical conductivity of the active rGO. This leads to a high electroadsorption capacity of 15.93 mg g−1of Cl−using NaCl solution with a conductivity of 802 µS in laboratory batch experiments, which is approximately five times higher than the adsorption capacity of rGO electrodes reported earlier (≈2–3 mg g−1) in comparable experimental conditions. No significant Faradaic redox reactions or chemical changes are observed on the electrode surface, which make these electrodes exhibit excellent electrochemical stability even after multiple adsorption/desorption cycles.
J‐wave change during rewarming therapy for accidental hypothermia
Authors: Maeda Satoshi , Abe Ichitaro , Zaizen Hirofumi , Takahashi Naohiko 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundJ waves are abnormal electrocardiogram findings that indicate an elevation at the junction between the QRS complex and the ST segment. Hypothermia is associated with fetal arrhythmia, along with the increase of J‐wave manifestation.Case PresentationA 68‐year‐old woman with a medical history of old cerebral infarction and dementia was admitted to the emergency department with accidental hypothermia. An admission, electrocardiogram (ECG) showed prominent J waves with the highest amplitude recorded in limb and precordial leads. Continuous ECG monitoring was recorded during the rewarming therapy. As the body temperature increased, the amplitude of J waves became lower and disappeared. This case clearly showed that the degree of core body temperature is related to the height of the J‐wave amplitude. There was no fatal arrhythmia during rewarming therapy.ConclusionThis case describes serial changes in the J‐wave amplitude and morphology during rewarming therapy. Continuous ECG monitoring is important in a patient with severe hypothermia.
Enhancement of Transmission Efficiency on Pancharatnam−Berry Geometric Phase Encoding Metasurfaces
Authors: Tang Xiaoyan , Li Chenxia , Gan Haiyong , He Yingwei , Jing Xufeng , Fang Bo , Hong Zhi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe modulation of the required light wavefront polarization and phase based on the geometric phase encoding metasurface (GPEM) has recently become a hot topic. However, the transmission coefficient of a geometric phase metasurface is greatly decreased when the structure is rotated. To address this problem, a solution of adding a tapered antireflection layer to the substrate and design an all‐dielectric encoding metasurface composed of titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide in the visible light band with a transmission coefficient of 93.65%, is proposed. When circularly polarized light is incident on the designed encoding metasurfaces with rotating unit structures, the GPEM still maintain almost perfect transmission coefficient as with initial linearly polarized light is incident. By comparing the coded metasurface with and without conical structure, the coded metasurface with conical structure can greatly improve transmission efficiency. Importantly, the Fourier convolution theorem in digital signal processing is introduced on encoding metasurfaces. The scattering angle of transmission can be controlled arbitrarily by the all‐dielectric coded metasurface with Fourier convolution addition and subtraction operations.
Ein offenschaliges Singulett‐SnI‐Diradikal und H2‐Spaltung
Authors: Sharma Mahendra K. , Rottschäfer Dennis , Glodde Timo , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Ghadwal Rajendra S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDas erste SnI‐Diradikal [(ADCPh)Sn]2 (4) auf Basis eines anionischen Dicarbengerüsts (ADCPh={CN(Dipp)}2CPh; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) wurde als grüner, kristalliner Feststoff durch KC8‐Reduktion des entsprechenden Bis‐Chlorstannylens [(ADCPh)SnCl]2 (3) isoliert. Der sechsgliedrige C4Sn2‐Ring von 4, der sechs π‐Elektronen enthält, zeigt einen diatropen Ringstrom, sodass 4 auch als das erste 1,4‐Distannabenzol‐Derivat bezeichnet werden kann. DFT‐Rechnungen deuten auf einen offenschaligen Singulett (OS)‐Grundzustand von 4 mit einer bemerkenswert kleinen Singulett‐Triplett‐Energielücke (ΔEOS–T=4.4 kcal mol−1) hin, was mit CASSCF‐Rechnungen (ΔES–T=6.6 kcal mol−1 und Diradikal‐Charakter y=37 %) übereinstimmt. Das Diradikal 4 spaltet bei Raumtemperatur H2 auf und liefert das Bis‐Hydridostannylen [(ADCPh)SnH]2 (5). Die weitere Reaktivität von 4 wurde mit PhSeSePh und MeOTf untersucht.
Practical and Selective sp3C−H Bond Chlorination via Aminium Radicals
Authors: McMillan Alastair J. , Sieńkowska Martyna , Di Lorenzo Piero , Gransbury Gemma K. , Chilton Nicholas F. , Salamone Michela , Ruffoni Alessandro , Bietti Massimo , Leonori Daniele 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe introduction of chlorine atoms into organic molecules is fundamental to the manufacture of industrial chemicals, the elaboration of advanced synthetic intermediates and also the fine‐tuning of physicochemical and biological properties of drugs, agrochemicals and polymers. We report here a general and practical photochemical strategy enabling the site‐selective chlorination of sp3C−H bonds. This process exploits the ability of protonatedN‐chloroamines to serve as aminium radical precursors and also radical chlorinating agents. Upon photochemical initiation, an efficient radical‐chain propagation is established allowing the functionalization of a broad range of substrates due to the large number of compatible functionalities. The ability to synergistically maximize both polar and steric effects in the H‐atom transfer transition state through appropriate selection of the aminium radical has provided the highest known selectivity in radical sp3C−H chlorination.
Platinum‐Catalyzed α,β‐Desaturation of Cyclic Ketones through Direct Metal–Enolate Formation
Authors: Chen Ming , Dong Guangbin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe development of a platinum‐catalyzed desaturation of cyclic ketones to their conjugated α,β‐unsaturated counterparts is reported in this full article. A unique diene‐platinum complex was identified to be an efficient catalyst, which enables direct metal‐enolate formation. The reaction operates under mild conditions without using strong bases or acids. Good to excellent yields can be achieved for diverse and complex scaffolds. A wide range of functional groups, including those sensitive to acids, bases/nucleophiles, or palladium species, are tolerated, which represents a distinct feature from other known desaturation methods. Mechanistically, this platinum catalysis exhibits a fast and reversible α‐deprotonation followed by a rate‐determining β‐hydrogen elimination process, which is different from the prior Pd‐catalyzed desaturation method. Promising preliminary enantioselective desaturation using a chiral‐diene‐platinum complex has also been obtained.
Minimization of Back‐Electron Transfer Enables the Elusive sp3 C−H Functionalization of Secondary Anilines
Authors: Zhao Huaibo , Leonori Daniele 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAnilines are some of the most used class of substrates for application in photoinduced electron transfer. N,N‐Dialkyl‐derivatives enable radical generation α to the N‐atom by oxidation followed by deprotonation. This approach is however elusive to monosubstituted anilines owing to fast back‐electron transfer (BET). Here we demonstrate that BET can be minimised by using photoredox catalysis in the presence of an exogenous alkylamine. This approach synergistically aids aniline SET oxidation and then accelerates the following deprotonation. In this way, the generation of α‐anilinoalkyl radicals is now possible and these species can be used in a general sense to achieve divergent sp3 C−H functionalization.
Application of Kenaf Seed Oil‐Nanostructured Lipid Carrier to Palm‐Based α‐Tocopherol Cream for Photoprotection
Authors: Chu Chee Chin , Hasan Zafarizal Aldrin Bin Azizul , Tan Chin Ping , Nyam Kar Lin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe application of a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) to ultraviolet (UV) filter encapsulation was found to enhance its safe use. In this work, a kenaf seed oil‐NLC (KSO‐NLC) coloaded with 1% diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate and 1% ethylhexyl triazone was used as an active ingredient in α‐tocopherol cream to develop a photoprotective prototype. It was then subjected to further analysis to determine its physical properties, storage stability, and cytotoxicity. The ratio of KSO‐NLC to α‐tocopherol cream was optimized based on the sun protection factor (SPF) value using a UV transmittance analyzer. The physical properties of the samples were analyzed, and the amount of α‐tocopherol was quantified by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography. The optimized sample was then evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activities using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid assays. Meanwhile, in vitro cytotoxicity was studied on a normal human dermal fibroblast cell line using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide and cell counting kit‐8 assays. The sample of KSO‐NLC to α‐tocopherol cream in a ratio of 1:2 (N3) showed SPF value >50. Besides, the samples showed microbial stability and sustainable α‐tocopherol content upon 12 weeks of storage. The cytotoxicity evaluation of N3 and α‐tocopherol cream (N5) showed >100% cell proliferation, which indicated that there is no side effect on the cell growth, while triggering the cell proliferation with the presence of bioactive compounds. Overall, the findings of the study are promising for the development of new sunscreen formulation with the utilization of KSO‐NLC and palm‐based α‐tocopherol cream.
A cautionary tale about translocating mussels and implications for conservation: A case study from two river basins in central Texas
Authors: Hart Michael A. , Fisher Mark , Randklev Charles R. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Translocation is used to conserve mussels, yet there remains a debate about its merit owing to poor understating of its effects on transported mussels.
This study evaluated survivorship, body condition, and total glycogen and lipids for one common and widely distributed species (Cyclonaias pustulosa), two rare species (Cyclonaias petrina; Lampsilis bracteata), and one species complex (Fusconaia sp. – Fusconaia chunii and Fusconaia flava) from the East Fork of the Trinity River and the Llano River of Texas.
Survivorship estimates for C. pustulosa and Fusconaia sp. using the Kaplan–Meier estimator were high in the East Fork. Body condition, glycogen, and total lipids varied for C. pustulosa and Fusconaia sp., which may have indicated a short‐term impact. For the Llano, survivorship of C. petrina and L. bracteata was high for the resident treatments but significantly reduced for the translocation treatments.
The decline in survivorship for C. petrina was mirrored by decreases in the body condition, which may indicate inability to acclimate to novel environments. For L. bracteata, declines in survivorship were due to predation by Procyon lotor, racoon. A large flood of 3,766 m3 s−1 at the end of the study eliminated both study sites.
The findings of this study show that translocating mussels can be successful; however, sublethal effects and mortality may still occur. These effects are rooted in species‐specific differences, which is not unexpected because mussel species vary in how they cope with environmental change based on their life‐history traits. However, these traits are rarely considered when translocating mussels.
To complicate matters, most mussel species have yet to be evaluated on how they respond to translocation, and for species where such information is available, adults are the primary focus. Addressing these knowledge gaps is critical for determining the appropriateness of translocation and improving its efficacy.
My Private Lead Service Line
Authors: Jeznach Lillian C. , Goodwill Joseph E. 
Published: January 2021

Key TakeawaysHomeowners’ decisions to replace their lead service lines (LSLs) can be complicated by factors including understanding of the science, perceptions of lead exposure risks, and cost of the work.First‐draw and five‐minute flush samples may not capture the peak lead concentration, further complicating a customer's replacement decision.In the author's case, sequential sampling indicated that LSL replacement for her home significantly lowered lead concentrations after stagnation.
Bohrverpresspfahl für Belastungen > 2 500 kN
Authors: Tapken Frank , Schwarz Andrej 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHafenanlagen gewinnen als Umschlagplatz für Güter jedweder Art immer mehr an Bedeutung. Material wird entladen und umgeschlagen und einer weiteren Verarbeitung zugeführt. Um den sicheren Betrieb insbesondere von größeren Schiffen mit deutlich höheren Tonnagen und immer leistungsstärkeren Kranen weiterhin sicherzustellen, werden die Hafenanlagen sukzessive technisch aufgerüstet. Unter anderem müssen viele Ufereinfassungen schrittweise den erhöhten Belastungen angepasst werden – so etwa in Form einer Ertüchtigung mittels Stahlspundwänden. Für deren sichere Rückverankerung kommen Pfahlsysteme zum Einsatz. Ein neues Mikropfahlsystem, welches sich durch hohe innere Tragfähigkeit und Tragreserven sowie große Robustheit und geringe Verformungen auszeichnet, ist der thyssenkrupp ASF Bohrverpresspfahl. Je nach Länge der Mikropfähle können Zugkräfte von bis zu 4 139 kN und Drucklasten bis 4 242 kN aufgenommen und in den Baugrund abgeleitet werden – unabhängig davon, ob ein bindiger oder nicht bindiger Boden vorliegt. Im Jahre 2019 hat das System, zu dessen weiteren Einsatzbereichen Gründungspfähle, Rückverankerung im Spezialtiefbau sowie Rückverankerung im Wasserstraßenausbau zählen, die DIBt‐Zulassung mit der Nummer Z‐34.14‐243 erhalten und ist damit bislang als einziges Mikropfahlsystem auf dem Markt nachweislich für Belastungen > 2 500 kN zugelassen.
Magnetoelastic sensors for real‐time tracking of cell growth
Authors: Shekhar Sudhanshu , Karipott Salil S. , Guldberg Robert E. , Ong Keat G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMagnetoelastic (ME) sensors, which can be remotely activated via magnetic fields, are an excellent choice for wireless monitoring of biological parameters due to their ability to be scaled into different sizes and have their surface functionalized for chemical or biological sensing. In this study, we present the application of a commercially available ME material (Metglas 2826 MB) to develop a sensor system that can monitor the attachment of anchorage‐dependent mammalian cells in two‐dimensional in vitro cell cultures. Results obtained with the developed sensors and detection system correlated with microscopic image analysis of cell quantification, which showed a linear relationship between the sensor response and attached fibroblast cells on the sensor surface. It was also revealed that the developed ME sensor system is capable of providing temporal profiles of cell growth corresponding to different stages of cell attachment and proliferation in real‐time.