bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health care worker burnout after the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Japan
Authors: Matsuo Takahiro , Taki Fumika , Kobayashi Daiki , Jinta Torahiko , Suzuki Chiharu , Ayabe Akiko , Sakamoto Fumie , Kitaoka Kazuyo , Uehara Yuki , Mori Nobuyoshi , Fukui Tsuguya 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the prevalence of burnout according to job category after the first wave of COVID-19 in Japan and to explore its association with certain factors.

Methods
An online cross-sectional survey of health care workers (HCWs) from June 15 to July 6, 2020, was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Demographic characteristics, results of the Japanese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, types of anxiety and stress, changes in life and work after the peak of the pandemic, and types of support aimed at reducing the physical or mental burden, were determined.

Results
Of 672 HCWs, 149 (22.6%) met the overall burnout criteria. Burnout was more prevalent in women (OR, 3.11; 95% CI, 1.45-6.67, P = .003), anxiety due to unfamiliarity with personal protective equipment (PPE) (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.20-3.27, P = .007), and decreased sleep duration (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.20-3.20, P = .008). Conversely, participants who felt that the delivery of COVID-19-related information (OR, .608; 95% CI, .371-.996, P = .048) and PPE education opportunities (OR, .484; 95% CI, .236-.993, P = .048) and messages of encouragement at the workplace (OR, .584; 95% CI, .352-.969; p = .037) was helpful experienced less burnout.

Conclusions
There is a need to focus on the above factors to maintain the mental health of HCWs. The delivery of COVID-19-related information and educational interventions for PPE and messages of encouragement at the workplace may be needed to reduce the mental burden.
Do early‐successional weeds facilitate or compete with seedlings in forest restoration? Disentangling abiotic versus biotic factors
Authors: Arias Mylen , Kariyat Rupesh , Wahl Kimberly , Mendez Stephany , Chavana Jesus , Christoffersen Bradley 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Semi‐arid forests need cost‐effective restoration strategies to address their severe degradation. Tree shelters are often used to minimize abiotic and biotic stress during seedling establishment. We asked if early‐successional weeds act as a natural shelter by facilitating native seedlings, contingent on abiotic and biotic stressors and seedling ecological strategy.

We conducted a manipulative weed exclusion experiment at a semi‐arid site in South Texas targeted for large‐scale forest restoration to discern the net effect of weeds on the growth and survival of target thornscrub tree and shrub seedlings. We assessed the roles of contrasting seedling ecological strategies (fast vs. slow growth habit), temporal variation in abiotic stress, microclimate and mammalian herbivory in modulating weed–seedling interactions.

Ungulate herbivory on seedlings was common, of similar frequency across most species, but not diminished by the presence of weed neighbours. On average, seedlings growing adjacent to weed neighbours experienced modest but non‐significant increases in both height and mortality after 6 months, relative to weed‐excluded areas. However, seedlings without significant herbivory and adjacent to weed neighbours grew more vigorously (increased height and branching) during hot and dry periods, particularly those species with a fast growth habit. Although seedling light‐saturated photosynthetic capacity (Asat) and air temperature were unaffected by weed presence during hot and dry periods, afternoon light levels were reduced by approximately 50%, possibly indicative of lower leaf temperatures and improved seedling water status.

Our results show that realizing the facilitative potential of weeds in semi‐arid forest restoration requires minimizing mammalian herbivory and temporally separating competition for resources. Managing for intermediate but not excessive levels of forb canopy cover is likely required to reduce high radiation loads and reduce transpiration without adverse competitive effects. Longer‐term experiments manipulating cover crop identity, cover and mammalian herbivory will inform whether forbs can be effectively exploited to enhance restoration success at large scales.
Current and future applications of biomarkers in samples collected through minimally invasive methods for cancer medicine and population‐based research
Authors: DeLouize Alicia M. , Eick Geeta , Karam Sana D. , Snodgrass J. Josh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite advances in cancer medicine and research, invasive and potentially risky procedures such as biopsies, venous blood tests, imaging, colonoscopy, and pap smear tests are still primarily used for screening, staging, and assessing response to therapy. The development and interdisciplinary use of biomarkers from urine, feces, saliva, scent, and capillary blood collected with minimally invasive methods represents a potential opportunity for integration with biomarker analysis for cancers, both in clinical practice (e.g., in screening, treatment, and disease monitoring, and improved quality of life for patients) and population‐based research (e.g., in epidemiology/public health, studies of social and environmental determinants, and evolutionary medicine). In this article, we review the scientific rationale, benefits, challenges, and potential opportunities for measuring cancer‐related biomarkers in samples collected through minimally invasive methods.
National Institute on Aging seed funding enables Alzheimer's disease startups to reach key value inflection points
Authors: Ghazarian Armineh L , Haim Todd , Sauma Samir , Katiyar Pragati 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe National Institute on Aging (NIA) provides funding to academic researchers and small businesses working in the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and AD‐related dementia (ADRD) fields to help commercialize their products. The NIA uses Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) awards to bridge the funding gap in the diagnostic, therapeutic, and care interventions areas, enabling startups to reach key value inflection points to achieve scientific milestones.MethodsOnly publicly available information is reported. The National Institutes of Health Report Portfolio Online Reporting Tool database and the commercial database Global Data, were used to track the progress of companies that received SBIR or Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) funding from the NIA.ResultsSince 2008, the NIA has awarded $280 million—including $207 million from fiscal year (FY) 2015 to FY 2019—in new small business program awards for AD/ADRD research.DiscussionNIA seed capital and mentoring programs are critical resources to help small businesses reach key value inflection points and advance their research from concept to commercialization.
Fish aggregating devices in the eastern tropical Pacific marine corridor, according to the Colombian Fisheries Observer Program
Authors: Isaza‐Toro Estefania , Selvaraj John Josephraj , Giraldo‐Lopez Alan , Ortíz‐Ferrín Omar Olimpo y 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFish aggregating devices (FADs) are floating objects that facilitate the aggregation of fish; those that aggregate pelagic species such as tunas are of particular interest for artisanal and industrial fisheries.Due to the increasing use of these devices worldwide, bodies responsible for the administration and management of fishery resources have proposed control and surveillance activities focused on the use of such devices. To achieve this, it is essential to have access to quality information, which is usually obtained through on‐board observer programmes such as the Colombian Fisheries Observer Program.Based on the historical records of this programme, and for the first time, the spatial–temporal distribution of the FADs in the eastern tropical sector of the Eastern Pacific Ocean is presented, analysing 166 records of tuna fishing operations carried out between 2009 and 2015. Of the 2,328 sets identified in the records, 957 corresponded to sets on FADs, of which 80.56% were effective and caught 12,246 tons of tuna.The number of sets of FADs increased over time, representing approximately 86.9% of the sets recorded in 2015, compared to 4.8% of this type of set recorded in 2009, with the Eastern Tropical Pacific Marine Corridor being the area of greatest concentration of sets.Considering that the Eastern Tropical Pacific Marine Corridor was designed to promote the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, this study highlights the need to include as a research priority, the potential effect that aggregation devices may have on the biological connectivity processes present in the corridor, as well as on the dynamics of large pelagic fish populations of commercial interest.In terms of management of FADs, it is recommended that a precautionary approach be adopted and that regulations related to the maximum number of FADs per vessel be adjusted according to their Inter‐American Tropical Tuna Commission class, in addition to assigning a maximum number of sets per vessel.
Advances in Electrochemical and Catalytic Performance of Nanostructured FeCo2O4 and Its Composites
Authors: Shetgaonkar Sarvesha S. , Salkar Akshay V. , Morajkar Pranay P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is well established that the excessive and uncontrolled use of fossil fuels and organic chemicals have put a risk to the earth‘s environment and the life that sustains within it. Carbon‐free, sustainable, alternative energy technologies have therefore become the prime focus of current research. Smart inorganic materials have emerged as the potential solution to suffice energy needs and remediate the organic pollutants discharged to the environment. One such promising, versatile material is FeCo2O4 which has gained immense research interest in the present decade due to its high efficiency and performance in energy and environmental applications. Innovative material design strategies involving the interplay of nanostructured morphology, chemical composition, redox surface states, and defect engineering have significantly enhanced both electrochemical and catalytic properties of FeCo2O4. Therefore, this review article aims to provide the first‐ever comprehensive account of the latest research and developments in design‐synthesis strategies, characterization techniques, and applications of nanostructured FeCo2O4 and its composites in various electrochemical as well as catalytic applications. A detailed account of the nanostructured FeCo2O4 and its composites in various energy storage and conversion devices such as supercapacitors (SCs), batteries, and fuel cells has been presented. Furthermore, a special section has been devoted to highlight the role of FeCo2O4 in enhancing the sluggish reaction kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water splitting application. This review also highlights the role of nanostructured FeCo2O4 in photocatalytic waste water treatment, gas sensing, and dual‐phase membrane technologies wherein FeCo2O4 has demonstrated promising performance.
Employment profiles of autistic adults in Australia
Authors: Harvery Madeleine , Froude Elspeth H. , Foley Kitty‐Rose , Trollor Julian N. , Arnold Samuel R. C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAutistic adults experience a high number of job changes, reduced working hours, minimal workplace supports, and overrepresentation in entry‐level and low paid positions. This study adds to the existing evidence base to guide clinical decisions and interventions for this population. This study utilized baseline data collected between 2015 and 2017 from the Autism CRC's Australian Longitudinal Study of Autism in Adulthood. The aim was to describe the employment profiles and explore factors related to employment for Australian autistic adults aged 25 and older (N = 149). Comparisons between participants and the Australian workforce were made using Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data. Two logistic regression models were conducted to explore the association between underemployment and underutilisation with personal and environmental factors. In comparison to the Australian workforce, autistic adults were more likely to work part‐time, work reduced hours and be employed at skill levels lower than their qualifications warranted. Logistic regressions reported that more autistic traits, more social supports and having workplace adjustments implemented were significantly associated with a higher odds of autistic adults being appropriately employed and/or utilized in the workforce. Results suggest that interventions implementing appropriate workplace adjustments, a supportive workplace environment, and adequate social supports may improve employment outcomes for autistic adults. All employees may benefit from workplace resources targeted toward fostering an inclusive workplace environment.Lay summaryThis study aimed to describe the employment profiles and explore factors related to employment for Australian autistic adults. We compared this with the Australian workforce using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Autistic adults with more autistic traits and more social and workplace supports were more likely to be employed and have jobs that were better suited to them. Autistic adults might have better employment outcomes if they have the appropriate workplace adjustments, a supportive workplace and adequate social supports.
Epigenetic and somaclonal divergence in Dendrocalamus farinosus for physiological augmentation and lignin degradation
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Luo Xuegang , Hu Shanglian , Cao Ying , Long Zhijian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEpigenetic and molecular variation is a key approach for the improvement of plants. From in vitro tissue culture of Dendrocalamus farinosus; 30 plants were regenerated and after 2 years, the physiological, biochemical, and genomic studies were conducted. The results highlighted that for all phenotypic characteristics, the 30 regenerated plants were superior in comparison with the control (CK). From genetical analysis, a total of 97 bands were witnessed ranging between 212 bp and 2.2 kb. The results for OPU14 showed one additional specific band (723 bp) and one band (700 bp) were missing. The 10 plants were having genetic variability and can be termed as somaclones while the other plants have epigenetic variations. The cellulose and lignin analysis highlighted that somaclone No. 30 has the least cellulose content of 35%; while the somaclones No. 102 and No. 213 have the least 3.21% and 3.48% of lignin contents. Therefore, somaclones No. 30, No. 102, and No. 213 were selected for the histochemical localization. The lignin investigation revealed that somaclone No. 30 is greater while somaclones No. 102 and No. 213 were reduced in vascular bundles in comparison with the CK along with the high expression level of 4CL, C3H, C4H, COMT, and CCoAOMT1 genes.
Semirational engineering of an aldo–keto reductase KmAKR for overcoming trade‐offs between catalytic activity and thermostability
Authors: Li Shu‐Fang , Xie Jian‐Yong , Qiu Shuai , Xu Shen‐Yuan , Cheng Feng , Wang Ya‐Jun , Zheng Yu‐Guo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnzyme engineering usually generates trade‐offs between activity, stability, and selectivity. Herein, we report semirational engineering of an aldo–keto reductase (AKR) KmAKR for simultaneously enhancing its thermostability and catalytic activity. Previously, we constructed KmAKRM9 (W297H/Y296W/K29H/Y28A/T63M/A30P/T302S/N109K/S196C), which showed outstanding activity towards t‐butyl 6‐chloro‐(3R,5S)‐dihydroxyhexanoate ((3R,5S)‐CDHH), and t‐butyl 6‐cyano‐(3R,5R)‐dihydroxyhexanoate, the key chiral building blocks of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin. Under the guidance of computer‐aided design including consensus residues analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, K164, S182, S232, and Q266 were dug out for their thermostability conferring roles, generating the “best” mutant KmAKRM13(W297H/Y296W/K29H/Y28A/T63M/A30P/T302S/N109K/S196C/K164E/S232A/S182H/Q266D). The Tm and T5015 values of KmAKRM13 were 10.4 and 6.1°C higher than that of KmAKRM9, respectively. Moreover, it displayed a significantly elevated organic solvent tolerance over KmAKRM9. Structural analysis indicated that stabilization of the α‐helixes mainly contributed to thermostability enhancement. Under the optimized conditions, KmAKRM13 completely asymmetrically reduced 400 g/l t‐butyl 6‐chloro‐(5S)‐hydroxy‐3‐oxohexanoate ((5S)‐CHOH) in 8.0 h at a high substrate to catalyst ratio (S/C) of 106.7 g/g, giving diastereomerically pure (3R,5S)‐CDHH (>99.5% d.e.P) with a space‐time yield (STY) of 449.2 g/l·d.
Brain and heart‐specific death in cancer patients: Population‐based study
Authors: Safi Mohammed , Al‐Nusaif Murad , Trapani Dario , Mashrah Mubarak A , Kanesvaran Ravindran , Alzandani Aziz , Al‐Azab Mahmoud , Mazher Syed A , Al‐Danakh Abdullah , Liu Jiwei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence of cardiovascular events is a major cause of death in patients with cancer. Small studies have documented a connection between specific brain alterations and autonomic cardiac dysfunctions, possibly resulting in a worse prognosis. We aimed to refine the knowledge of fatal cardiac events in patients with brain metastasis (BM).MethodsWe performed a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results SEER registry‐based investigation (timeline: 2010–2016) and extracted all the advanced patients who had experienced fatal cardiac outcomes. Populations were compared according to the presence or not BM. Kaplan–Meier (KM) methodology was used for survival analysis and a multivariate model was developed by adjusting for multiple possible confounders.ResultsMost related BM and cardiac death were observed at the site of lung cancer (81.4%). We extracted 3187 patients with lung cancer site, including 417 patients who had experienced fatal heart‐specific with a history of BM, which is considered a BM group. The second group of heart‐specific death included 2770 patients was stated as a non‐BM group. Patients who had experienced heart‐specific death in the BM group were predominately male, right side, upper site, and non‐small type (62.11%, 54.92%, 51.56%, 69.78%), respectively. The survival outcomes between BM and the non‐ BM was significantly prominent (p = 0.003; median: 2 months vs. 3 months).The negative prognostic independent significance of heart‐fatal events was confirmed after adjusting for multiple variables (HR = 0.76, CI = 0.68–84, p < 0.0001). The metastatic liver site was significantly associated with poorer survival rates (HR = 0.68; CI = 0.52–0.88, p = 0.005). We revealed a possible connection between the brain and heart functions.ConclusionsThe prognosis of heart‐specific death patients in BM is unfavorable compared to non‐BM settings in lung cancer. We may be at the gates of a new field of neurocardiooncology.
Antinociceptive, Anti‐Hyperalgesia and Antiallodynic Activities of Polyphenol Rich Extract fromShorea roxburghiiagainst Cyclophosphamide Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Wang Haili , Olatunji Opeyemi Joshua , Xue Na 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCyclophosphamide (CYP) is a widely used antineoplastic and immunosuppressive drug, however, despite its efficacy, it has shown extensive multiple organ toxicities, including peripheral neuropathy which significantly affects the quality of life of cancer patients. This study elucidated the protective properties ofShorea roxburghiipolyphenol extract (SLPE) in CYP‐induced peripheral neuropathy. Rats were treated with SLPE (100 and 400 mg/kg) for five weeks plus CYP once a week from the second week of SLPE treatment. Using UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS, 54 polyphenolic compounds were identified in SLPE extract. After the treatment period the antinociceptive, anti‐hyperalgesia and antiallodynic effects was evaluated using formalin paw edema, acetic acid abdominal writhing, hot plate, tail immersion and von Frey filament tests. While the locomotive and motor coordination effects were evaluated by open field and rotarod tests. The administration of CYP led to significant increases in mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, in addition to hyper‐nociceptive responses in the formalin and acetic acid writhing tests. CYP also significantly reduced locomotive activity and motor coordination. SLPE significantly protected against CYP‐induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Furthermore, SLPE displayed robust antinociceptive effect by counteracting formalin and acetic acid induced hyper‐nociception. In addition, SLPE increased the locomotive activity as well as the grip and motor coordination of the CYP treated rats. In conclusion, these results revealed the protective effects of SLPE against CYP‐induced peripheral neuropathy and could be an effective therapeutic remedy for chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy.
Chemically Modified Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus with Enhanced Esterification and Transesterification Activities
Authors: Noro Jennifer , Cavaco‐Paulo Artur , Silva Carla 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus is one of the most explored enzymes for the esterification of several added‐value industrial compounds, such as biodiesel, fragrances, and flavors. Its selectivity in these reactions is mostly related with its activity towards small alcohols. In this work, the impact of the chemical modification, with 4 dodecyl chains at its surface, was evaluated regarding its transesterification and esterification activities, comparing with the native form. Linear size‐differentiated alcohols (from 1 to 20 carbons in the aliphatic chain) were used to explore for the first time the effect of the chain length in both transesterification and esterification reactions, using p‐nitrophenyl palmitate and oleic acid as model compounds, respectively. The chemically modified lipase showed an outstanding improvement of its catalytic performance than the native enzyme, being this increase directly proportional to the size of the alcohols chain used as substrates. The enormous potential and remarkable versatility of this novel super catalyst was here demonstrated, where diverse types of esters, differing in their potential applications (biodiesel, cosmetics, fine chemistry), were efficiently synthesized. The produced esters were fully characterized by 1H NMR, GC‐MS, and FTIR.
Contorted Heteroannulated Tetraareno[a,d,j,m]coronenes
Authors: Yang Xuan , Rominger Frank , Mastalerz Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFused polycyclic aromatic compounds are interesting materials for organic electronics applications. To fine‐tune photophysical or electrochemical properties, either various substituents can be attached or heteroatoms (such as N or S) can be incorporated into the fused aromatic backbone. Coronenes and heterocoronenes are promising compounds in this respect. Up until now, the possibilities for varying the attached fused heteroaromatics at the coronene core were quite limited, and realizing both electron‐withdrawing and ‐donating rings at the same time was very difficult. Here, a series of pyridine, anisole and thiophene annulated tetraareno[a,d,j,m]coronenes has been synthesized by a facile two‐step route that is a combination of Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling and a following cyclization step, starting from three different diarenoperylene dibromides. The contorted molecular π‐planes of the obtained cata‐condensed tetraarenocoronenes were analyzed by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, and the photophysical and electrochemical properties were systematically investigated by UV/Vis spectroscopy and cyclovoltammetry.