bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closing the Water Cycle from Observations across Scales: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Dorigo Wouter , Dietrich Stephan , Aires Filipe , Brocca Luca , Carter Sarah , Cretaux Jean-François , Dunkerley David , Enomoto Hiroyuki , Forsberg René , Güntner Andreas , Hegglin Michaela I. , Hollmann Rainer , Hurst Dale F. , Johannessen Johnny A. , Kummerow Christian , Lee Tong , Luojus Kari , Looser Ulrich , Miralles Diego G. , Pellet Victor , Recknagel Thomas , Vargas Claudia Ruz , Schneider Udo , Schoeneich Philippe , Schröder Marc , Tapper Nigel , Vuglinsky Valery , Wagner Wolfgang , Yu Lisan , Zappa Luca , Zemp Michael , Aich Valentin 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTLife on Earth vitally depends on the availability of water. Human pressure on freshwater resources is increasing, as is human exposure to weather-related extremes (droughts, storms, floods) caused by climate change. Understanding these changes is pivotal for developing mitigation and adaptation strategies. The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) defines a suite of essential climate variables (ECVs), many related to the water cycle, required to systematically monitor Earth’s climate system. Since long-term observations of these ECVs are derived from different observation techniques, platforms, instruments, and retrieval algorithms, they often lack the accuracy, completeness, and resolution, to consistently characterize water cycle variability at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Here, we review the capability of ground-based and remotely sensed observations of water cycle ECVs to consistently observe the hydrological cycle. We evaluate the relevant land, atmosphere, and ocean water storages and the fluxes between them, including anthropogenic water use. Particularly, we assess how well they close on multiple temporal and spatial scales. On this basis, we discuss gaps in observation systems and formulate guidelines for future water cycle observation strategies. We conclude that, while long-term water cycle monitoring has greatly advanced in the past, many observational gaps still need to be overcome to close the water budget and enable a comprehensive and consistent assessment across scales. Trends in water cycle components can only be observed with great uncertainty, mainly due to insufficient length and homogeneity. An advanced closure of the water cycle requires improved model–data synthesis capabilities, particularly at regional to local scales.
Manipulating Environmental Commitment: A Replication and Extension
Authors: Wesselmann Eric D. , Boyd Shane W. , Arellanes Jordan A. , Driskell Alexander , Hesson-McInnis Matthew S. 
Published: April 2021

Environmental commitment, the subjective experience of dependence on the natural environment, is marked by a long-term orientation and psychological attachment towards the natural environment. The current research replicates and extends previous research on temporarily increasing environmental commitment ( Davis et al., 2009 ). We employed Davis et al.’s manipulation in two experimental studies (one laboratory, one online): we asked participants to spend time writing either about ways in which they are interdependent with the natural environment (high commitment manipulation) or unconnected with the environment (low commitment manipulation). In both studies we replicated the key finding that reflecting on one’s interdependence with the environment increases commitment. We extended the previous research by finding evidence that this commitment effect was mediated by satisfaction with one’s relationship to the environment. We did not replicate the original findings that the interdependence manipulation influences environmental behavioral intentions.
Lateral Neck Dissection for Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Is Prophylactic Level V Neck Dissection Necessary? A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Neiderman Narin N. Carmel , Baris Harel , Duek Irit , Warshavsky Anton , Ringel Barak , Izkhakov Elena , Horowitz Gilad , Fliss Dan M. 
Published: April 2021

Objective: The presence of clinically detectable papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) metastases in the lateral neck is an indication for neck dissection (ND) and thyroidectomy. Although there is a consensus regarding the importance of therapeutic selective ND of involved levels II to IV in patients with clinically evident locoregional metastatic disease, the prognostic benefit of level V prophylactic ND remains debatable. Methods: All patients who underwent thyroidectomy with ND for metastatic PTC between 2006 and 2019 were included in a single-institution retrospective study. Preoperative characteristics at initial presentation, imaging workup, intraoperative findings, and the final histopathological reports were retrieved from the institutional database. Results: A total of 189 patients with locally advanced PTC were identified, of whom 22 (11.6%) patients underwent therapeutic selective ND at levels II to IV together with level V dissection due to clinical involvement. Comparison of the patients who were operated on level V to those who were not revealed no significant difference. The disease recurrence rate was 20.1% throughout an average follow-up of 5.1±3.1 years. No significant differences in recurrence rate were found between patients who underwent and those who did not undergo level V ND (22.7% vs 19.8%, P = .648). No recurrence at resected level V was detected during follow-up, while recurrence at level V was found in 4 (2.1%) patients who did not undergo level V dissection. Evidence of macroscopic and microscopic extrathyroidal extension was significant predictors of disease recurrence risk. Conclusion: There were no significant associations between level V dissection and risk for recurrence. Recurrence at level V was rare (4/189 patients, 2.1%). Our study’s findings suggest a low prophylactic benefit of an elective level V ND. Elective level V ND should not be done routinely when lateral ND is indicated but should rather be considered after careful evaluation in high-risk patients.
Impact of Isolation on Adenoid Size and Symptoms in Preschool Children Who Previously Qualified for Adenoidectomy: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Zwierz Aleksander , Masna Krystyna , Zwierz Karol , Bojkowski Maksymilian , Burduk Paweł 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: To analyze the role of factors that influence adenoid-related symptoms, and the influence of 3 months of isolation in preschool children who were qualified for adenoidectomy. Methods: This was a cohort study of the impact of 3 months of isolation on children aged 3 to 6 years with adenoid-related symptoms and endoscopically confirmed grade II and III adenoid hypertrophy. The children had previously qualified for adenoidectomy. After 3 months, 141 children were asked about their symptoms, 71 of whom were randomly chosen for medical examination, including endoscopic adenoid examination. Additionally, pre- and post-isolation tympanometry results were analyzed. Results: In our study, significant or mild improvements in health were observed in approximately 73% of the children; 92% of the surveyed parents reported that their children exhibited improved nasal patency, 63% of children discontinued snoring, and 30% of children showed a decrease in snoring. Data collected through surveys correlated with endoscopic findings wherein the size of the adenoid decreased by an average of 5.4%, but the amount of mucus covering the adenoid decreased more significantly in 76% of patients, which may be the main problem determining symptoms reported before isolation. In addition, the amount of residual mucus in the nasopharynx significantly affected the middle ear effusion in adenoid hypertrophy. Conclusions and Relevance: This study found that isolation in preschool children stabilizes the bacterial microbiome of the nose and nasopharynx, thereby having a significant effect not only on the number of recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract but also on the patency of the nose. The only symptom that depended on the size of the pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy was snoring. There was a weak correlation between prevalence of infections and adenoid size. During the isolation period, the adenoid size reduced by approximately 5.4% only, statistically more significant in the group with grade III adenoid hypertrophy, but the prevalence of infections rapidly decreased. Residual mucous in the nasopharynx found to be in correlation with middle ear effusion.
Educational intervention for food consciousness: A randomized study protocol
Authors: Palazzo Carina C , Leghi Barbara E , Pereira-Júnior Alfredo , Diez-Garcia Rosa Wanda 
Published: April 2021

Background: Contemporary living conditions present opportunities that promote obesity. In addition, traditional nutritional intervention have been considered inefficient, and there is a demand for the development and evaluation of strategies not based on the traditional paradigm of diets. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the Food and Nutrition Education Program with Sensory and Cognitive Exercises (PESC), which seeks to promote consciousness of eating experience and body signals appreciation to adult women and thus to make them less vulnerable to food consumption stimuli. Method: This protocol outlines a randomized study that will include 60 adult women. PESC is based on the sensory influence for eating behavior and on the Triple-Aspect Monism theory of consciousness. It is composed of exercises that explore sensory, cognitive and emotional aspects of food experience in order to promote it into a conscious process. The program consists of four weekly workshops that explore themes related to the current obesogenic environment problematic. The intervention group ( n=30) will be evaluated at the beginning of the first workshop and after the last one. The control group ( n=30) will not participate on the workshops and will be evaluated twice, with a one-month interval. Conclusions: This study will contribute substantially to the development of nutritional interventions based on sensory aspects and consciousness of food experience. Therefore, PESC is considered an innovative approach with regard to improving individuals’ eating behavior. Trial registry: This clinical trial was registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC), http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-4qgpg5/,numberRBR-4qgpg5 .
T1 mapping is useful for staging deep venous thrombosis in the lower extremities
Authors: Wu Gang , Liu Liangjin , Wang Ting , Pan Chu 
Published: April 2021

Background The discrimination of acute and chronic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is of great importance. Quantitative imaging is an urgent requirement in reflecting intrinsic characteristics of thrombosis. Purpose To investigate the feasibility of T1 mapping in staging DVT in the lower extremities. Material and Methods A total of 57 patients with DVT in the lower extremities (26 men, 31 women; mean age = 53.3 years) underwent T1-weighted imaging and T1 mapping for obtaining T1 signal intensity (SI) and T1 time of thrombus. The relative SI (rSI) of DVT was obtained by calculating the ratio of thrombus SI to muscle SI. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare rSI and T1 time of DVT between acute group (patients with limb edema ≤ 2 weeks) and chronic group (patients with limb edema > 2 weeks). A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed for further evaluation. Results DVT rSI was significantly higher in the acute group versus the chronic group (2.8 ± 1.2 vs. 1.4 ± 0.6; P<0.05). DVT T1 time was significantly lower in the acute group versus the chronic group (819.4 ± 223.7 ms vs. 1264.8 ± 270.7 ms; P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.93 for T1 time and 0.75 for rSI. When using 1015 ms as the cut-off, the sensitivity and specificity of T1 time were 91% (32/35) and 86% (19/22), respectively. Conclusion T1 mapping is a potential technique in discriminating acute from chronic DVT in the lower extremities and warrants further investigation.
Embolia Cutis Medicamentosa (Nicolau Syndrome) Secondary to Intramuscular Fulvestrant Injection: A Case Report
Authors: Murdock Joshua L. , Duco Marissa R. , Sharma Subhash C. , Reeves David J. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: A case of embolia cutis medicamentosa (Nicolau syndrome) in a patient receiving monthly intramuscular fulvestrant injections is presented. Summary: An 85-year-old woman receiving monthly fulvestrant injections in the outpatient setting developed a necrotic lesion at the fulvestrant injection site on her right buttock. Her medical history is notable for metastatic breast cancer with bone metastases. Prior to developing the necrotic lesion, the patient was receiving monthly fulvestrant injections for 6 years. Other potential causes such as infection and pressure necrosis were ruled out clinically. After 185 days of wound care involving multiple surgical debridements, topical therapy, and frequent follow-up appointments, the patient’s wound resolved with 100% epithelialization. Nicolau syndrome has been reported with other non-vesicant, injectable medications such as antibiotics and corticosteroids; however, it has not been previously reported with fulvestrant. Conclusion: Nicolau syndrome developed in the right buttock of a patient with metastatic breast cancer following an intramuscular fulvestrant injection. Healthcare practitioners need to be cognizant of this adverse effect with intramuscular injections in order to recognize and refer patients for wound care evaluation early in the evolution of this syndrome. Proper injection technique is recommended to reduce the risk of this idiopathic adverse effect.
Order out of chaos? Autism spectrum disorder coordinators’ impact on service delivery in New Zealand
Authors: Eggleston Matthew , Eggleston Katherine , Thabrew Hiran , Hennig Shannon , Frampton Christopher 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To evaluate the impact of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) coordinators (ASDCs) on key aspects of the experience of obtaining an ASD diagnosis and post-diagnostic supports in New Zealand. Method: Members of New Zealand ASD parent support groups were surveyed. Results: Of 516 parents, 41.3% had seen an ASDC. The majority were satisfied. Parents who saw ASDCs pre-diagnosis were more likely to be satisfied with the diagnostic process ( p = .04) and saw fewer professionals before receiving a diagnosis ( p = .04). Parents who had seen ASDCs post-diagnosis were more likely to be satisfied with post-diagnostic supports ( p < .001) and their coordination ( p < .001). Conclusions: ASDCs are well regarded by parents and improve key aspects of the process of obtaining an ASD diagnosis and post-diagnostic supports. Given the particularly low rates of parent satisfaction with post-diagnostic supports (23%) and their coordination (19%), ASDCs may be of most value when employed post-diagnosis to assist parents in navigating key supports and co-developing comprehensive individualised care plans.
The Safety and Efficacy Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine for Procedural Sedation and Postoperative Behaviors in Pediatric Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gan Linguang , Zhao Xiaohong , Chen Xiangjian 
Published: April 2021

Background: This study systematically evaluated the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine for procedural sedation and postoperative behaviors in a pediatric population as well as whether the results met the information required to draw conclusions. Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy evaluation of dexmedetomidine for procedural sedation and postoperative behaviors in a pediatric population. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of Science and Ovid MEDLINE were searched to obtain randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing dexmedetomidine with control medicine and comparing different doses of dexmedetomidine. Results: There were a total of 16 RCTs for a total of 3240 patients. Dexmedetomidine slowed down the heart rate (HR; mean difference: −13.27; 95% CI: −16.41 to 10.14; P < 0.001) and reduced postoperative delirium (risk ratio [RR]: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.20-0.50; P < 0.001), the number of pain patients (RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.30-0.75; P = 0.002), and desaturation (RR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.13-0.89; P = 0.03) compared with the control group. The limitation was that it was difficult to determine the range of low- and high-dose dexmedetomidine. Conclusion and Relevance: Dexmedetomidine slowed down intraoperative HR within the normal range, which might reduce myocardial oxygen consumption. It reduced postoperative pain and postoperative complications: delirium and desaturation. Dexmedetomidine showed no dose-dependent increase in the procedural sedation time of pediatric patients. Clinically, dexmedetomidine can improve pediatric procedural sedation and postoperative behavior, and it can be considered as a related medicine for safety in pediatric surgery.
Evaluating Social Marketing Messages in New Zealand’s Like Minds Campaign and Its Effect on Stigma
Authors: Kemper Joya , Kennedy Ann-Marie 
Published: April 2021

Background: A key objective of government and social marketers is to remove the institutionalized stigma of mental illness, increasing mental health service uptake. While research has evaluated past campaigns based on changes in attitudes and beliefs, very little research has examined the communication messages used in social marketing campaigns. Focus of the Article: This impact evaluation research identifies the institutionalized cultural-moral norms incorporated into New Zealand’s Like Minds mental health advertisements and examines how attitudes and beliefs changed over time in response to these norms. Importance to the Social Marketing Field: This research offers a new approach to social marketing evaluation and demonstrates the importance of consistent incorporation of cultural-moral institutional norms in social marketing campaigns. Method: Using macro-social marketing theory, thematic analysis is used to identify the cultural-moral institutional norms in the Like Minds campaign advertisements over a 10-year period (2002–2012). Results: The Like Minds campaign was found to have multiple cultural-moral institutional norms, such as Mental illness as a villain, Personal responsibility, and Inherent human dignity, as well as utilizing two different institutionalization processes of Socialization and Identity Formation. However, these norms were inconsistently and sometimes contradictorily presented and as a result, not all changes in mental health stigma beliefs and attitudes show long term change. Rates for service uptake also had mixed results during the campaign duration, though overall an increase in uptake was found. Recommendations for Research and Practice: The research highlights the importance of understanding the underlying institutionalized cultural-moral norms presented in communications and aligning those with the overall objectives of a social marketing campaign. Limitations: Like Minds campaign phases 2 to 5 are analyzed, phase 1 was inaccessible for analysis and advertisements after 2012 are not analyzed.
Do psychiatric disorders affect patient reported outcomes and clinical outcomes post total hip and knee arthroplasty?
Authors: Kooner Sahil , Kubik Jeremy , Mahdavi Saboura , Piroozfar Sophie (Ghashang) , Khong Hoa , Mohan Kanwal , Batuyong Eldridge , Sharma Rajrishi 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of major psychiatric illness on patient outcomes after total joint arthroplasty. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of a major psychiatric disorder undergoing total joint arthroplasty were retrospectively matched one-to-one with a cohort without such a diagnosis. Major psychiatric disorder in the registry was identified by diagnosis of anxiety, mood, or a psychotic disorder. Primary outcome of interest included perioperative Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Secondary outcomes included EuroQol-5D, adverse events, length of stay, 30-day readmission, and discharge destination. Results: Total number of patients were 1828. The total hip arthroplasty (37.80 ± 17.91, p = 0.023) and the total knee arthroplasty psychiatric group (43.38 ± 18.41, p = 0.050) had significantly lower pre-operative WOMAC scores. At 3 months, the total hip arthroplasty (76.74 ± 16.94, p = 0.036) and total knee arthroplasty psychiatric group (71.09 ± 18.64, p < 0.01) again had significantly lower 3-month post-operative WOMAC score compared to the control groups. However, outcomes at 1 year were difficult to interpret, as patients with major psychiatric conditions had an extremely high loss to follow-up. Compared to the control groups, the total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty psychiatric group had an increased length of stay by 1.43 days (p < 0.01) and 0.77 days, respectively (p = 0.05). Similarly, the psychiatric groups were discharged directly home less often (total hip arthroplasty 86.9%, p = 0.024 and total knee arthroplasty 87.6%, p = 0.022) than the control groups. Conclusion: Patients with the diagnosis of a major psychiatric illness have an increased length of stay and are more likely to require a rehabilitation facility, compared to the control groups. Arguably, of utmost importance, there is a very high rate of loss to follow-up within the psychiatric groups. As such, we recommend these patients should be treated for their diagnosis prior to total joint arthroplasty. Furthermore, importance of clinical follow-up should be emphasized carefully.
Subliminal Shock Learning: An Inverted Remapping Exercise
Authors: Sudhakaran Sudheer , Anjali A.  
Published: April 2021

This study looks at the phenomenon of avoidance as a behaviour and as a strategy applied in an academic context in the case of final year management students sitting for their end-term exam where multiple questions are offered and the students are allowed to choose and attempt answers for selected questions. Why did they not answer it is for teachers to chew the cud. The case looks at how educators need to realign their perspectives and improve subsequent class delivery in terms of realigned content emphasis and pedagogical initiatives after papers have been evaluated and marked. The article suggests that accreditation processes should take note of the impact on overall academic measurement of program performance. Research question Research question for which perspectives have been opened up for curated answers are: How to discover topics requiring teachers to introspect and reimagine their classroom delivery and their engagement strategies? The principle of inversion brings into relief these discoveries. Theory: The study draws on psychological and physical sciences wherein multiple theories explain why a particular path has been eschewed. Type of the case: The case study strategy draws on the experiences of both the researchers and the participants and therefore the orientation of this case is primarily heuristic. Purposive data samples were used accessing data in the academic databases related to 198 students for the core compulsory course related to Sales and Distribution Management. Basis of the case: Actual score sheets for all 198 students for their final exam mapped for each question. Therefore, concepts for each question have been assessed. Using the principle of inversion/reversal the complementary gaps have been discovered, quantified, and interpreted. Findings: From the complementary data, it becomes self-explanatory for an educator that the blind spots—gaps in understanding—have been identified for future course corrections in delivery and engagement. Discussions: The avenues to be taken is food for thought for each educator and the audience to be addressed. Meaningful eye-opening gaps have been identified for future courses of action depending on concept to be redelivered. These findings have implications for all accreditation processes.