bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contact stress analysis and optimization of spur gears
Authors: Loc N H , Anh L T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Gear drive is one of the most important components in mechanical power transmission systems. Gears in gearbox generally fail when the working contact stress exceeds the contact fatigue limit. In the scope of this paper, the researcher studies gear design methods based on ISO 6336 and draws a comparison with AGMA 9001. In addition, this paper also presents the optimal gear design results with 3D gear models designed in CAD software, then imported into CAE software for topology and shape optimization. More specifically, the amount of material that can be removed from the gear body without affecting the properties of the gear mesh is considered and calculated. Consequently, the aim of this research is to reduce the weight of the gears and choose the optimal parameters of gear pair by contact stress.
Design of the double pass solar collector for drying
Authors: Nguyen Duy Tue , Nhut Do Tri 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Solar energy is the free and nearly endless source which can be applied in various fields. Viet Nam locates near the equation and has enormous solar radiation, so this is the good chance for us to harness it. Moreover, Viet Nam is also the agricultural country with the large number of export product. With the large advantage in having enormous solar radiation, we can save up the large amount of energy for drying and other applications. In this paper, the 2 double pass solar collectors which have fins and without fins for drying were designed and simulated by CFD Ansys in some different conditions. The result displays that with the same size, the outlet temperature of the solar collectors with fins is 2 times higher than the without fins one. This temperature can reach 94.6°C with solar radiation 1026.32W/m2, mass flow rate 0.12kg/s and can reach 68.63°C with the same radiation and mass flow rate 0.18kg/s, so it is eligible for agricultural drying.
Identification of key sugarcane harvester features using the Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Gonzaga J A , Dela Cruz E , Lopez N S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Philippine sugarcane industry is worth roughly 88 billion pesos and employs around 700,000 Filipinos. However, the competitiveness of the local industry ($0.17 per lb sugar) is currently under threat from international producers ($0.14 per lb sugar) because of the upcoming ASEAN 2015 integration. One of the major blockages to cost effectiveness is the low productivity of the local industry. This may be addressed with the use of a semi-automated mechanical harvester. As a preliminary study, the present work captures the expert preferences of various stakeholders in the selection of a semi-automated mechanical harvester. This is done using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) surveying tool. The study assumes the following important factors: a) Ease of use, b) Productivity, c) Adaptability to different terrains, d) with Lifter, and e) with Topper. Using a survey with a series of pairwise comparison questions, it is able to quantify even qualitative factors affecting decision making. The priorities of the surveyed stakeholders are averaged and discussed in the results section. Widely used in policy making and planning, the paper introduces the use of the AHP tool to commercial machinery design. The model may be expanded and improved to consider other key factors.
Influence of outlet/inlet area ratio on performance of a vertical solar chimney for natural ventilation of buildings
Authors: Nguyen Y Q , Huynh T N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, effects of the contractions of the inlet and outlet areas of a vertical solar chimney were examined with a Computational Fluid Dynamics. The results show that the flow rate decreased with both the inlet and outlet areas. The outlet area influenced more than the inlet area did. The flow rate decreased linearly with the outlet area, however, was affected significantly only when the inlet area was below half of the air gap.
Visual effects creation to improve user performance in fully immersive virtual environment of automobile engine assembly
Authors: Win L L , Faieza A A , Hairuddin A A , Abdullah L N , Yap H J , Saito H , Hisham S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) technologies and computer-generated technologies are very useful for many industries, such as medical, education, gaming, mining, engineering, and other sectors. In engineering sector specifically for assembly department, the major problem they are facing was that traditional components of automotive engine are complex and very difficult to assemble using current method which use paper manual. The goal of this project is to create an interactive VR application such that users can quickly integrate and perform the work easily. In this work, the authors designed and developed an immersive VR application with several stages, such as 3D model creation, visual effects creation and gaming scene building. The application was built using Unreal and HTC vive headset. As this is an on-going project work, further functionality will be added to render the application immensely for users and assist the sense of pedagogy in terms of the digital method of learning.
Comparative analysis of Ormat and Kalina Cycle for the geothermal resource in Mabini, Batangas using thermoeconomic analysis
Authors: Dela Cruz III G E E , Manuel PhD M C E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Philippines is amongst the countries located in the ring of fire, thus makes it rich in geothermal energy. The Department of Energy is considering the low-temperature resource for power generation to address the continuous increase in electricity demand. The binary plants designed by Ormat technologies are currently in use for power production for the Philippine low-temperature heat source. Another technology used for the low-temperature heat source is the Kalina power cycle. In this paper, both cycles are evaluated using the parameters from the Mabini, Batangas geothermal resource, and principles of thermoeconomics are applied to determine the performance of the two cycles under Philippine conditions.
Energy and exergy evaluation of an onshore solar dryer for seaweeds
Authors: Culaba A , Atienza A H , Ubando A , Mayol A , Cuello J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The possible sources of the energy losses in the drying systems can occur in the drying chamber and solar collector. The energy from these parts were not properly utilized so it is evident to further search for improvements. Energy and exergy analyses were being used to identify the possible source of inefficiencies quantitatively and qualitatively in the drying system and aid in recommendation for its improvement. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of an onshore drying system for seaweeds by conducting energy and exergy analyses. It has shown that the dryer efficiency was 33.58% and its solar collector efficiency was 68%. The exergy efficiency was obtained as 41.38% relates to an exergy improvement potential of 256.30 W. It is recommended to perform partial to full exhaust air recirculation and provide thermal storage may boost the exergy efficiency hence minimizing energy losses in the drying system.
Multi-sector decomposition analysis of Philippine CO2 emissions
Authors: Ng E A S , Lopez N S A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Global CO2 emissions are rising due to the rising energy demand and the extent to which this is fed by fossil fuels. The LMDI method of IDA is a valuable tool for determining the contributing driving forces behind emissions in a particular time frame, region, or economy. This study applies the techniques of spatial LMDI across the industry sectors of the 2017 Philippine economy to understand the effects of value share, energy intensity, energy structure, and fuel types on carbon emissions per sector. A combination of IEA, PSA, and IPCC data are used in order to ascertain these effects based on the Kaya identity. Results and tabulated and visualized in Cartesian scatter plots. Trends identified include the negative relationship between value share and energy intensity effects and between oil use and natural gas use effects. Outliers to these trends and in the Figures were also highlighted and elucidated. The study recommended increased use of natural gas due to its lower emission factor vs oil and coal, government assistance to low-value sectors in procurement of more efficient equipment, and bespoke solutions per sector based on the given data herein.
Seaweed drying characterization via serial statistical criteria analysis
Authors: Culaba A , Atienza A H , Ubando A , Mayol A , Cuello J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In drying seaweeds, it is important to describe its drying behavior using semi-theoretical models. Predicting the best drying model for the seaweed was commonly done by testing the goodness of the curve for seaweed drying models by calculating the coefficient of determination R2, the reduced chi square X
2, root means square error (RMSE) and mean bias error (MBE). However, it is essential to rank the drying models before selection by assessing its performance index Φ and mean relative deviation (MRD). It is also necessary to test the normality by evaluating the skewness and kurtosis statistics using the D’ Agostino Pearson test which is the best test for goodness of fit. The simple sample run test statistics and confidence interval must also be satisfied These are the conditions that should be met under the serial statistical criteria analysis. This study utilized it to choose the best drying model for seaweeds. Employing this statistical analysis for testing commonly used drying models, Modified Page model emerged as the best model that depicts the drying behavior of the seaweeds with accuracy of 99.98% and highest performance index of 452.1967.
Evaluation of filtering facepiece respirators using chemical decontamination methods
Authors: Osman Baderin , Mahmud Haalah , Mamat Hussin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Disposable filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) are often recommended for use by healthcare workers and the general public for infection control. During pandemic, shortage in supply of FFRs is reported due to excessive demand. Hence, suitable decontamination methods of used FFRs are required to be identified. Various chemical decontamination methods (isopropyl alcohol (IPA), vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) and detergent) have been explored in the present study. The performance of the FFRs after exposed to three types of chemical decontamination methods was evaluated based on average aerosol penetration and average filter resistance values. Face mask type N95 and KN95 with four different models were used in the study. Based on the normalized data for filter aerosol penetration of the three decontamination methods, VHP is recommended to be used for decontamination methods for FFRs. Model 3 FFRs showed good performance where less deviation in the normalized filter aerosol penetration and normalized filter air flow resistance for the three decontamination methods was observed.
Prediction of flow field in a solar chimney using ANFIS technique
Authors: Huynh Minh-Thu T , Truong Tri Q , Doan Thinh N , Huynh Trieu N , Nguyen Tung V , Nguyen Viet T , Nguyen Y Q 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Solar chimneys have been intensively studied as an effective method for natural ventilation of buildings. Though numerical methods, such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), have been widely utilized in such studies, they usually require extensive computational resources. Moreover, experimental study is quite complicated and costly. In recent years, machine learning has started to be used as a tool in the thermal-fluid field. In this study, in order to save time and cost, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) technique, a class of adaptive networks that incorporate both neural networks and fuzzy logic principles, is combined with CFD. A simulation model was first validated by experiment from another study in the field. The result was documented as a dataset using CFD code ANSYS Fluent (Academic version 2020 R2). Then, they are used to train and validate the ANFIS model. In particular, the study is to predict the fluid flow field in a 2-dimensional typical solar chimney when heat flux changes in the range of 400 to 1000 W/m2. Inputs of the ANFIS model are position and heat flux, while outputs are temperature and velocity at that location. As a result, the 2 ANFIS models could achieve R2 values of 0.997, 0.97 (training set) and 0.994, 0.9715 (testing set); RMSE are 1.009, 0.00224 (training set) and 1.074, 0.0204 (testing set) for outputs of temperature and velocity, respectively. Those results are acceptable. By using the ANFIS model, large amounts of flow fields with different scenarios can be estimated simultaneously. Therefore, it is expected that engineers and architects can have a quick tool in the process of design.
Finite element simulations of stresses in bone implants made by three-dimensional printing
Authors: Mikushev V M , Samarkin A I , Khomutova A S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of the strength properties of a compact bone tissue in order to produce subsequently the equivalent in strength individual implant. An example of a fragment of a skeleton bone shows the fundamental possibility of solving the problem using a 3d modelling finite element analysis software package.
Research on the dissociation of yucca to the organic solubility of wastewater
Authors: Lu Sun , Wu Xin-Da , Qiu Ze-Sheng , Zheng Tong-Huai , Wen Yu-Hong , Zhu Min 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the development of society, the pollution of wastewater has become extremely serious, and the amount of wastewater is also gradually increasing. The water quality discharge does not meet the standards, which has a serious impact on the water quality of our country, it also has a very important impact on people’s daily water use. Yucca has a wide variety of plants, and the main components of its extract are steroidal saponins, free radical saponins and carbohydrate complexes. It has a special physiological structure, macromolecules and sequence molecules are directly adsorbed, and it has a strong adsorption capacity for harmful gases, which can improve the odours and is widely used, But it is less used in wastewater treatment, this project uses yucca extract to conduct preliminary analysis and exploration on the dissociation of organic solubility in wastewater, to improve the solubility and treatment of free ions and organic dissolved matter in water, preliminary results found that adding 200ppm-20% and 500ppm-10% concentration of yucca is the most suitable range for water quality treatment. It will be a bigger breakthrough when used in wastewater treatment, and my country’s water pollution will be in great improvement.
The Effect of Long Term Hygrothermal Aging by Immersion on Carbon/Epoxy Composites Exposed to the Heat Sources for Naval and Marine Applications
Authors: Hong Soon Kook 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites have many advantages over conventional materials in terms of high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios, design flexibility and enhanced service life. Due to these advantages, FRP composites are used in many different fields such as Construction, Electric/power generation, Marine, Corrosion/infrastructure, transportation and so on. Most researches of FRP composites were focused on the applications used in ground field. However, in Navy, marine composite materials are increasingly being used in diverse applications: Submarine, Autonomous Underwater vehicle, Unmanned Surface vehicle and Payloads in Naval vessel. It is known that polymer composites are very sensitive and are friendly to water or moisture in any forms. Moisture in polymer composites often causes degradation by swelling and hydrolysis. Especially, if polymer composites will be immersed in water and seawater, faster degradation can be caused by water uptake than any other moisture environments. While general investigations regarding water uptake are concentrated on the composite materials cured in ambient temperature, the immersion effects of polymer composites exposed to elevated temperatures were studied because underwater applications of composite materials can be exposed to the various heat sources. For example, fires on naval vessels and underwater vehicles can be started by any number of causes such as electrical faults and ignition of flammable gases or liquids. Accordingly, immersion effects must be studied on marine composite materials exposed to various temperatures in order to evaluate service life in an underwater environment. This study investigated the water uptake, diffusion coefficient, and Short beam shear (SBS) for Interlaminar Shear Strength(ILSS), delamination between fiber and resin using test specimens exposed to the elevated temperatures. The specimens were immersed for a definite period of time (~one and a half years) in seawater and deionized water (DI water) to compare both degradation mechanisms.
An Empirical Study on Smart Steel Stockyard Management System through Character Recognition on Steel Materials using CNN
Authors: Cho Gi Yeong , Yoo Nam Hyun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In shipyards wherein large ships and plants are constructed, the timely supply of steel is a critical factor that can decrease the production costs and shorten the construction period. However, the standard size of the steel materials utilized in shipyards exceeds at least 10m, and the weight of the steel is heavy; therefore, it is difficult to readjust the steel once it is deployed. Moreover, if any part of the production plan is changed, the steel that has been deployed according to the existing plan must be relocated. However, when cumbersome, heavy steel is vertically stacked in several layers, it is difficult for a shipyard worker to directly identify the desired steel’s location. Therefore, it is not easy to spot the location of the steel to be found. In cases such as this, one attempts to recognize characters on the steel’s surface using OCR, but it is difficult to apply this to an actual system as the recognition rate is only about 50 to 70% on average. Therefore, through this study, we intend to develop a model that recognizes characters printed on the steel’s surface using CNN and to check whether it can be employed in a smart steel stockyard management system.
Determination of rock fracture parameters in directional percussion drilling with drillhole path adjustability
Authors: Chernienkov E M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper reviews the existing technologies and equipment for drilling in rocks and soil with adjustable path of drillholes. The author describes a new method of percussion drilling and its application prospects. A lab-scale testing installation for physical simulation of rock fracture in drilling by the new method is presented. The force and impact characteristics required for the method implementation are updated.
Ion-Plasma Treated Parts Quality Improvement Analysis Based on the Reliability Theory Criteria
Authors: Bogdanovich V I , Giorbelidze M G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The procedure of using reliability theory indices to evaluate parts vacuum ion-plasma treatment efficiency has been considered. Efficiency coefficient of technological procedures improving life and reliability of engineering parts taking into account alteration of average index value, its dispersion, and probability level of faultless operation has been suggested.
Effect of Glow Discharge Treatment on the Depth and Degree of Structural Phase Modification of Tool Steel Products
Authors: Shemenkov V M , Rabyko M A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The structure and phase composition of 1.1625, 1.2080 and 1.3343 tool steels (DIN) were studied and the research results are presented. The glow discharge treatment is shown to lead to dissolution and redistribution of the carbide phase, a change in the degree of crystal lattice distortion of the matrix phase, and a decrease in the residual austenite in the surface layer to a depth of 80 μm, which results in a 15% to 30% increase in the microhardness of the surface layers of materials.
Study of the magnetic property of supermagnetic fluid
Authors: Kuvandikov O K , Kuvandikov Sh J , Salakhitdinova M K , Kayumov Kh A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, the magnetic fluids based on Fe3O4 have been obtained by the chemical co-precipitation method. Analysis of the size and morphology of the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles of the magnetic fluid using transmission electron microscopy revealed that nanoparticles are of 25-38 nm in size and spherical in shape. The elemental composition of magnetite nanoparticles of the fluid was examined in energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and determined to contain only Iron and Oxygen. The magnetic property of the magnetic fluid was measured using vibrating sample magnetometer. The results showed that the magnetic fluid has a superparamagnetic character which of specific saturation magnetization of 3.4 emu/g
Efficient Technologies for Producing Cast Iron Billets and Products with Specified Properties and Microstructure
Authors: Lubyanoi D A , Markidonov A V , Pudov E Yu , Shakhmanov V N , Kuzin E G , Semenova O S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the use of resonant-pulsating refining technology in order to improve the quality of cast iron products. This technology is used in the cast iron production and cast iron mold induction. It is relatively simple and easily fits into existing production. The effectiveness of this technology is at the world’s best indicator level. The chemical composition and smelting modes of cast iron influences significantly on the microstructure of gray cast iron. The determining factors are the content of silicon in cast iron, carbon, manganese, titanium and vanadium. The carbon content affects significantly taking into account its content above 3.8%, since this content increases the content of large, ripe forms of graphite in cast iron. Titanium and vanadium also influence significantly on the microstructure of cast iron. These two elements, even in small amounts, affect the size and shape of graphite greatly. It also affects the amount of ferrite, perlite and cementite in the structure of cast iron. Vanadium also affects greatly the service life of cast iron products.