bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paediatric and adolescent asthma: A narrative review of telemedicine and emerging technologies for the post‐COVID‐19 era
Authors: Davies Benjamin , Kenia Priti , Nagakumar Prasad , Gupta Atul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChildren and young people with asthma need regular monitoring to maintain good asthma control, prevent asthma attacks and manage comorbidities. The COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in healthcare professionals making fundamental changes to the way healthcare is delivered and for patients and families adapting to these changes. Comprehensive remotely delivered, technology‐based healthcare, closer to the patients home (reducing hospital footfall and possibly reducing carbon footprint) is likely to be one of the important collateral effects of the pandemic. Telemedicine is anticipated to impact everyone involved in healthcare ‐ providers and patients alike. It is going to bring changes to organization, work areas and work culture in healthcare. Healthcare providers, policymakers and those accessing healthcare services will experience the impact of technology‐based healthcare delivery. Telemedicine can play an exciting role in the management of childhood asthma by delivering high‐quality care closer to the child's home. However, unlike adults, children still need to be accompanied by their carers for virtual care. Policymakers will need to take into account potential additional costs as well as the legal, ethical and cultural implications of large scale use of telemedicine. In this narrative review, we review evidence regarding the role of telemedicine and related emerging technologies in paediatric and adolescent asthma. Although there are gaps in the current knowledge, there is evidence demonstrating the important role of telemedicine in management of childhood and adolescent asthma. However, there is an urgent need for healthcare researchers and policymakers to focus on improving the technologies and address the disparities in accessing novel technology‐based management strategies to improve asthma care.
Accuracy diagnosis improvement of Fabry disease from dried blood spots: Enzyme activity, lyso‐Gb3 accumulation and GLA gene sequencing
Authors: Delarosa‐Rodríguez Rocío , Santotoribio José D. , Paula Hernández‐Arévalo , González‐Meneses Antonio , García‐Morillo Salvador , Jiménez‐Arriscado Pilar , Guerrero Juan M. , Macher Hada C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the applicability of the use of samples in dried blood spot (DBS) for the definitive diagnosis of Fabry disease (FD) in males and females and to compare the diagnostic role of α‐galactosidase A activity (α‐Gal A), levels of lyso‐Gb3 and sequencing of the GLA gene in screening patients with suspected FD. Measurement of α‐Gal A activity in suspected FD patients in DBS was made followed by lyso‐Gb3 determination and GLA gene sequencing. Of the 2381 subjects analyzed, FD was confirmed in 24 patients. Thirteen different variants were considered like pathogenic, five of which had not been previously described (c.143A > G; c.455A > C; c.487G > T; c.554delA; c.1045_1046insA). None of the patients with normal enzyme activity had FD confirmation. The DBS measurement of α‐Gal A was more sensitive than lyso‐Gb3 levels in both men and women. Definitive diagnosis of FD from a single DBS is possible, allowing samples to be easily sent from anywhere to the reference laboratory.
Impact of pre‐transplant carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales colonization and/or infection on solid organ transplant outcomes
Authors: Taimur Sarah , Pouch Stephanie M. , Zubizarreta Nicole , Mazumdar Madhu , Rana Meenakshi , Patel Gopi , Freire Maristela Pinnheiro , Pellett Madan Rebecca , Kwak Eun Jeong , Blumberg Emily , Satlin Michael J. , Pisney Larissa , Clemente Wanessa Trindade , Zervos Marcus J. , La Hoz Ricardo M. , Huprikar Shirish 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe impact of pre‐transplant (SOT) carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) colonization or infection on post‐SOT outcomes is unclear. We conducted a multi‐center, international, cohort study of SOT recipients, with microbiologically diagnosed CRE colonization and/or infection pre‐SOT. Sixty adult SOT recipients were included (liver n = 30, hearts n = 17). Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 47, 78%) was the most common pre‐SOT CRE species. Median time from CRE detection to SOT was 2.32 months (IQR 0.33–10.13). Post‐SOT CRE infection occurred in 40% (n = 24/60), at a median of 9 days (IQR 7–17), and most commonly due to K pneumoniae (n = 20/24, 83%). Of those infected, 62% had a surgical site infection, and 46% had bloodstream infection. Patients with post‐SOT CRE infection more commonly had a liver transplant (16, 67% vs. 14, 39%; p =.0350) or pre‐SOT CRE BSI (11, 46% vs. 7, 19%; p =.03). One‐year post‐SOT survival was 77%, and those with post‐SOT CRE infection had a 50% less chance of survival vs. uninfected (0.86, 95% CI, 0.76–0.97 vs. 0.34, 95% CI 0.08–1.0, p =.0204). Pre‐SOT CRE infection or colonization is not an absolute contraindication to SOT and is more common among abdominal SOT recipients, those with pre‐SOT CRE BSI, and those with early post‐SOT medical and surgical complications.
Law‐Gospel theologies of a state of exception
Authors: Carr Amy , Helmer Christine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe address contemporary concerns with fascism by critically assessing the classic law/gospel relation in Lutheran theology. Karl Holl, founder of the Luther Renaissance in the early twentieth century, develops Luther's experience of the self under the divine wrath in terms that have affinity to what Carl Schmitt calls the “state of exception.” We examine similar non‐dialectical ways of relating law/gospel that nourish fascist tendencies on the right or left in North America.
Moving beyond ‘don't ask, don't tell’: Mental health needs of adults with type 1 diabetes in rural and remote regions of British Columbia
Authors: Ashrafi Shadan , Taylor Deanne , Tang Tricia S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate the mental health needs of adults with type 1 diabetes living in rural and remote regions of Interior, British Columbia (BC) and identify factors associated with accessing support. We also explored perspectives around using peer support and digital health strategies for delivering mental health support.MethodsThis study recruited 38 adults with type 1 diabetes to complete a self‐report survey and participate in focus groups. We conducted six 90‐min focus groups that addressed the following: current and past mental health needs, social media use for type 1 diabetes support, peer supporter recruitment and training, and support delivery features for virtual care platforms. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, quality checked, coded and analysed to develop themes and subthemes.ResultsFour core themes emerged: (1) emotional challenges linked to type 1 diabetes management, (2) unique type 1 diabetes‐related concerns in rural and remote communities, (3) previous support experiences and future support needs and (4) diabetes‐related mental health support interventions involving peer support and digital health strategies. Existing support services are inadequate in meeting the needs of type 1 diabetes adults in Interior BC. Some have turned towards social media as a way to connect with the type 1 diabetes community for support.ConclusionsThough type 1 diabetes adults living in rural and remote settings experience distress associated with the ongoing burdens, frustrations and fears of managing a complex chronic condition, many have not been offered support and do not know how to seek services in the present/future. Peer support and digital health strategies are two potential solutions to address this care gap.
Development and assessment of an indirect vision training programme for operatory dentistry: Effects on working posture
Authors: Garcia Patrícia Petromilli Nordi Sasso , Pugliesi Priscila Mi Suh , Wajngarten Danielle , Neves Tamíris da Costa , Pazos Júlia Margato , Dovigo Lívia Nordi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesStudents experience difficulty working with indirect vision and often adopt inadequate working postures because of it. This study created and then assessed the effects of an indirect vision preclinical training programme on dental students’ working posture.MethodsThe study enrolled students in the third year of the 5‐year undergraduate programme in dentistry in the School of Dentistry of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara (N = 54). The programme consisted of four training sessions in which students performed different types of activities in which only a mirror was used to see the procedure they were performing. To evaluate posture, students were asked to perform class III cavity preparations (distal‐palatal and mesial‐palatal preparations) on upper central and lateral incisors in a dental mannequin (tooth numbers 11, 12, 21 and 22) both before and after the indirect vision training programme. Photographs were taken of the students’ working postures. The photographs were assessed by a duly trained researcher using the Compliance Assessment of Dental Ergonomic Posture Requirements. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed, and the assumptions of normality were verified. Student's paired t test was also performed. The significance level adopted was 5%.ResultsA significant difference was found between the percentages of correct ergonomic postures adopted before and after the training programme (p = 0.039).ConclusionsThe preclinical training programme for indirect vision was found to have a positive effect on the working postures of the students evaluated herein.
Floral resource diversification promotes solitary bee reproduction and may offset insecticide effects – evidence from a semi‐field experiment
Authors: Klaus Felix , Tscharntke Teja , Bischoff Gabriela , Grass Ingo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPollinator declines in agricultural landscapes are driven by multiple stressors, but potential interactions of these remain poorly studied. Using a highly replicated semi‐field study with 56 mesocosms of varying wild plant diversity (2–16 species) and oilseed rape treated with a neonicotinoid, we tested the interacting effects of resource diversity and insecticides on reproduction of a solitary wild bee. Compared to mesocosms with oilseed rape monocultures, availability of resources from wild plants complementing oilseed rape doubled brood cell production. In addition, bee reproduction increased due to plant diversity and identity effects. Exposure to neonicotinoid‐treated oilseed rape reduced bee larval to adult development by 69%, but only in mesocosms with oilseed rape monocultures. Availability of complementary flower resources can thus offset negative effects of neonicotinoid‐treated oilseed rape on wild bee reproduction. Policy should encourage the implementation of diverse floral resources mitigating negative effects of crop monocultures and insecticides, thereby sustaining solitary bee populations in agricultural landscapes.
Growth properties and immunogenicity of a virus generated by reverse genetics for an inactivated equine influenza vaccine
Authors: Ohta Minoru , Bannai Hiroshi , Kambayashi Yoshinori , Tamura Norihisa , Tsujimura Koji , Yamayoshi Seiya , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Nemoto Manabu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundKeeping vaccine strains up to date is the key to controlling equine influenza (EI). Viruses generated by reverse genetics (RG) are likely to be effective for quickly updating a vaccine strain.ObjectivesTo evaluate the growth properties of an RG virus in embryonated chicken eggs, and to evaluate antibody responses to a formalin‐inactivated vaccine derived from the RG virus in Thoroughbred horses.Study designIn vitro and in vivo experiments.MethodsWild‐type (WT) viruses (A/equine/Ibaraki/1/2007) or RG viruses (consisting of haemagglutinin [HA] and neuraminidase genes derived from A/equine/Ibaraki/1/2007 and the six other genes derived from high‐growth A/Puerto Rico/8/34) were inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs, and the allantoic fluids were harvested at every 24 hours after inoculation. WT and RG viruses were inactivated by formalin for vaccine use. Ten unvaccinated yearlings (five each for WT or RG vaccine) received the first two doses of a primary vaccination course 4 weeks apart followed by their third dose 12 weeks later. Twenty vaccinated adult horses (10 each for WT or RG vaccine) received a single dose of a booster vaccination.ResultsThe RG virus had high growth properties in embryonated chicken eggs. Unvaccinated yearlings responded poorly to the first vaccination, especially those that received the RG vaccine, but mounted better responses to the second and the third vaccinations, and maintained relatively high haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres up to 28 weeks after the first vaccination. Vaccinated adult horses did not respond remarkably to the booster vaccination, but no horses showed titres below their pre‐booster values even at 12 weeks after vaccination. The RG virus elicited immunogenicity in horses adequate for vaccine use.Main limitationsNo virus challenge study was performed.ConclusionsThe RG viruses are useful as an EI vaccine strain, and quick updates of an EI vaccine strain can be achieved by using RG techniques.
Portfolios of actively managed mutual funds
Authors: Riley Timothy B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInvestors should focus on the performance of portfolios of active funds, not on the performance of individual active funds. Taking this portfolio approach with respect to active U.S. equity mutual funds, I build an optimized portfolio of funds that subsequently has low idiosyncratic volatility and a large, positive, statistically significant alpha. Consistent with a Berk and Green equilibrium, that outperformance is short lived if the optimized portfolio is not rebalanced often, as investors allocate substantial capital—in excess of that expected based on past performance—to the funds with a large weight in the optimized portfolio.
Delineating pan‐Africanism from contemporary conceptual deflections
Authors: Araoye Ademola 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIs pan‐Africanism relevant today? Against the background of challenges to its continued relevance through assaults on its fundamental tenets, this intervention reaffirms the integrity and undiminished salience of pan‐Africanism as a philosophy of radical action for emancipation of black humanity. Pan‐Africanism represents the complexities of black political and intellectual thought over 200 years. Politically inspired conceptual deflections of the authentic tenets of pan‐Africanism threaten the essences of the ancient struggle of black humanity as one people for holistic emancipation. As configured, Africa is confronted with widespread foreign security deployments on its soil that it is unable to check. There is internal connivance in the new scramble to partition the continent. Meeting the challenges implied by the axiomatic commonality of identity, inexorable destiny, and the singularity of the ultimate interest of black humanity has remained the enduring challenge of pan‐Africanism. In the face of this challenge have emerged conceptual deflections to provide respectability to attempts to diminish the depth and scope of pan‐Africanism. The criticality of the continued integrity of the precepts of pan‐Africanism is imperative because intellectual traditions matter in shaping organizing principles directing any struggle. Finally, it is affirmed that the greatest disincentive to pan‐African consolidation is the reality of African statehood as private enterprises of a few political‐entrepreneurial “poliprenuer” families. The way forward is to consolidate Africa into a continental republic.
A highly resistant structure between the cuticle and the cortex of human hair III: Characterzation of the structure CARB
Authors: Takahashi Toshie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveIt was previously reported that a highly resistant structure, which functions as a barrier against the penetration of dyes, is present at the interface between the cuticle and the cortex of human hair. That structure was named CARB, cuticle anchored resistant base. The goal of this study was to clarify the formation and composition of the structure CARB.MethodsCuticular substructures were observed from the keratinized area of each hair to its root end. The positions where the CARB structure appeared were isolated, and the barrier ability before and after that structure was evaluated. The distributions of glycolipid and cystine were measured using a nano‐IR and a transmission electron microscope (TEM).ResultsCuticular substructures were fully constructed several mm from the hair bulb of the hairs observed. The results show that keratinization at the distal side of the cuticle cell precedes that of the proximal side, and CARB is fully constructed last among the substructures. Glycolipid was preferentially distributed at CARB in the keratinized area. The cystine content of CARB is lower than that of the A‐layer; however, it is slightly higher than that of the exocuticle and the inner layer.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that CARB is produced in the final stage of keratinization of the cuticle layers. The rich contents of glycolipid and cystine might contribute to its resistant property.
Preserving dentine in minimally invasive access cavities does not strengthen the fracture resistance of restored mandibular molars
Authors: Silva E. J. N. L. , Lima C. O. , Barbosa A. F. A. , Augusto C. M. , Souza E. M. , Lopes R. T. , De‐Deus G. , Versiani M. A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the correlation between the volume of dental hard tissues removed and the fracture resistance of mandibular molar teeth with ultraconservative (UltraAC) or traditional (TradAC) access cavity preparations.MethodologySixty recently extracted and intact mandibular first molars were scanned in a microcomputed tomographic (micro‐CT) device, anatomically matched and assigned at random to 2 groups (n = 30), according to the access cavity type: UltraAC or TradAC. After access preparation, mesial and distal canals were prepared using Reciproc instruments and a new scan was taken. The volumes of pulp chamber and dental hard tissues in each specimen were measured before and after the experimental procedures, and the percentage volume reduction of hard tissues calculated for the entire tooth and for the crown separately. Teeth were then root filled, restored and subjected to fracture resistance tests in an universal testing machine. The force required to fracture was recorded in Newtons (N). The adherence of the variables to a Gaussian curve was verified using a Shapiro–Wilk test. Skewed data were analysed with nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank or Spearman correlation tests, whilst the normally distributed data were analysed with a dependent samples Student t‐test. Level of significance was set at 5%.ResultsPre‐operatively, no difference was observed between groups regarding the volume of pulp canal space or dental hard tissues (P > 0.05). After access preparation, volumes of the removed hard tissues from the entire tooth and from the crown were significantly greater in teeth prepared with TradAC than with UltraAC (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the fracture resistance values between TradAC (902.9 ± 347.8 N) and UltraAC (948.7 ± 405.7 N) groups (P = 0.975). The Spearman test was unable to identify a correlation between fracture resistance and percentage volume of removed dental hard tissues in the entire root (P = 0.525, r = −0.084) or only in the crown (P = 0.152, r = −0.187).ConclusionThe volume of hard dental tissues removed, although greater in teeth with TradAC compared to UltraAC, did not correlate with the fracture resistance results, indicating that a minimally invasive access cavity did not increase the resistance of restored mandibular first molars to fracture.
Influence of the replacement of silica by boron trioxide on the properties of bioactive glass scaffolds
Authors: Schuhladen Katharina , Pantulap Usanee , Engel Kristin , Jeleń Piotr , Olejniczak Zbigniew , Hupa Leena , Sitarz Maciej , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe dissolution properties and bioactivity of bioactive glasses (BGs) are mainly determined by their composition and glass network structure. Silicate BGs are arguable the most popular representatives of BGs. However, borate BGs have gained increasing interest due to their faster degradation rate. By adding boron trioxide in the silicate network, borosilicate BGs can be fabricated with controlled degradation rates. Since the kind and amount of network former determines the resulting BG properties, the aim of this study was to examine the glass structure of silicate, borosilicate and borate BGs. Also, the effect of changing the network former on the ability to fabricate BG scaffolds by the foam replica method was investigated. The resulting silicate, borosilicate, and borate scaffolds were further examined on their chemical, morphological, mechanical, and bioactive properties. Structural analyses showed that the introduction of boron trioxide into silicate BGs leads to the depolymerization of the silicate network. Accordingly, the ion release profile and the ability to form hydroxyapatite of the different scaffolds were affected. Thus, this study shows that tailored BG compositions with case‐specific properties can be designed and used to fabricate 3D scaffolds for potential use in bone tissue engineering.
Distribution of HLA‐DQA1, ‐DQB1 and ‐DRB1 genes and haplotypes in Han, Uyghur, Kazakh and Hui populations inhabiting Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
Authors: Zhou Chunyan , Xu Mengyu , Xiao Zhiwen , Yuan Juanli , Wu Yong , Gao Beiyao , Hui Wenjia , Gao Feng , Chen Hongbing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGenetic polymorphisms of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐DRB1, ‐DQA1 and ‐DQB1 among four main ethnic groups including Han (n = 70), Uyghur (n = 71), Kazakh (n = 52) and Hui (n = 40) subjects from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region were investigated using a polymerase chain reaction—sequence‐based typing (PCR‐SBT). In total, 32 HLA‐DRB1 alleles, eight HLA‐DQA1 alleles and 14 HLA‐DQB1 alleles were identified. The most predominant HLA‐DRB1, ‐DQA1 and ‐DQB1 alleles were DRB1*15:01 (12.50%), DQA1*01:02 (21.43%) and DQB1*03:01 (19.29%) in Han; DRB1*07:01 (18.48%), DQA1*05:01/03/05 (24.65%) and DQB1*02:01/02 (31.69%) in Uyghur; and DRB1*13:01 (13.64%), DQA1*05:01/03/05 (28.85%) and DQB1*02:01/02 (27.88%) in Kazakh, respectively. In Hui, DRB1*07:01, DRB1*11:01 and DRB1*14:01 were the most dominant alleles with the same frequency of 11.8%, while the predominant DQA1 and DQB1 alleles were DQA1*03:01/02/03 (23.75%) and DQB1*02:01/02 (16.25%), respectively. In addition, the most common two‐locus haplotypes were DQA1*05:01/03/5‐DQB1*03:01 (10.0%) in Han; DQA1*02:01‐DQB1*02:01/02 (18.31%) in Uyghur; DQA1*05:01/03/05‐DQB1*02:01/02 (15.38%) in Kazakh; and DQA1*03:01/02/03‐DQB1*03:03 (11.25%) in Hui. The phylogenetic dendrograms constructed based on the allele frequencies of HLA‐DRB1, ‐DQA1 and ‐DQB1 in 13 populations (e.g. Asian, Central Asian and European) revealed that the Han and Hui populations were clustered together and closest to Han population from China, while the Kazakh and Uyghur populations were closest to each other and two ethnic groups were clustered together with Central Asian and European populations.