bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stranded Encyclopedias in Eighteenth-Century Sweden: Exploring the Rise of Alphabetical Encyclopedism
Authors: Holmberg Linn 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor a long time, histories of the rise of the modern encyclopedia were mainly histories of publications: chronologies of large-scale, alphabetically organized reference works, successfully completed in one country after another, from the late 1600s onwards. Since none of the Scandinavian countries managed to publish general encyclopedias in the eighteenth century, researchers assumed that encyclopedic practice “reached” the northern periphery at a later date. However, the geographical expansion of a literary practice and the history of its most successful, printed outcomes do not necessarily share the same milestones. In this chapter, Linn Holmberg explores a number of stranded encyclopedias in eighteenth-century Sweden, detected partly through the periodical press, partly through archival research. The first part examines glimpses of encyclopedic projects seen through the journal Lärda tidningar (1745–1773). The second part reconstructs the encyclopedic efforts of two officials of the Swedish Bureau of Mines, who worked on an encyclopedia of mining and metallurgy for almost forty years (c. 1743–1787). By examining the motivations and circumstances underpinning the initiation, abandonment, and transformations of these projects, the study aspires to produce new insights into the early formation of alphabetical encyclopedic practice in eighteenth-century Sweden.
Area law of connected correlation function in higher dimensional conformal field theory
Authors: Long Jiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present a new area law which is associated with the correlator of OPE blocks in higher dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs). The area law shows similar behaviour as black hole entropy or geometric entanglement entropy. It includes a leading term which is proportional to the area of the entanglement surface, and a logarithmic subleading term with degree q. We extract the UV cutoff independent coefficients and discuss various properties of the coefficients.
On the S-matrix of Liouville theory
Authors: Jorjadze George , Theisen Stefan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The S-matrix for each chiral sector of Liouville theory on a cylinder is computed from the loop expansion of correlation functions of a one-dimensional field theory on a circle with a non-local kinetic energy and an exponential potential. This action is the Legendre transform of the generating function of semiclassical scattering amplitudes. It is derived from the relation between asymptotic in- and out-fields. Its relevance for the quantum scattering process is demonstrated by comparing explicit loop diagrams computed from this action with other methods of computing the S-matrix, which are also developed.
High quality Nelson-Barr solution to the strong CP problem with θ = π
Authors: Perez Gilad , Shalit Aviv 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We discuss composite UV completions of the Nelson-Barr(NB) solution to the strong CP problem. In our construction, the CP symmetry is broken spontaneously by the dynamics of a hidden QCD at θ = π. We focus on the minimal implementation of the NB construction, where the visible sector contains one extra pair of vector-like up/down quarks. We show that the minimal NB theory suffers from a quality problem and discuss how composite UV completions may resolve it. We present a simple calculable scheme, free of a quality problem, where dynamical CP violation in the hidden sector is mediated through a scalar portal to the visible sector, which successfully realizes the NB construction.
Yang-Baxter deformations of the AdS5 × T1,1 superstring and their backgrounds
Authors: Rado Laura , Rivelles Victor O. , Sánchez Renato 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We consider three-parameter Yang-Baxter deformations of the AdS5× T1,1 superstring for abelian r-matrices which are solutions of the classical Yang-Baxter equation. We find the NSNS fields of two new backgrounds which are dual to the dipole deformed Klebanov-Witten gauge theory and to the nonrelativistic Klebanov-Witten gauge theory with Schrödinger symmetry.
Gauge invariant canonical symplectic algorithms for real-time lattice strong-field quantum electrodynamics
Authors: Chen Qiang , Xiao Jianyuan , Fan Peifeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A class of high-order canonical symplectic structure-preserving geometric algorithms are developed for high-quality simulations of the quantized Dirac-Maxwell theory based strong-field quantum electrodynamics (SFQED) and relativistic quantum plasmas (RQP) phenomena. With minimal coupling, the Lagrangian density of an interacting bispinor-gauge fields theory is constructed in a conjugate real fields form. The canonical symplectic form and canonical equations of this field theory are obtained by the general Hamilton’s principle on cotangent bundle. Based on discrete exterior calculus, the gauge field components are discreted to form a cochain complex, and the bispinor components are naturally discreted on a staggered dual lattice as combinations of differential forms. With pull-back and push-forward gauge covariant derivatives, the discrete action is gauge invariant. A well-defined discrete canonical Poisson bracket generates a semi-discrete lattice canonical field theory (LCFT), which admits the canonical symplectic form, unitary property, gauge symmetry and discrete Poincaré subgroup, which are good approximations of the original continuous geometric structures. The Hamiltonian splitting method, Cayley transformation and symmetric composition technique are introduced to construct a class of high-order numerical schemes for the semi-discrete LCFT. These schemes involve two degenerate fermion flavors and are locally unconditional stable, which also preserve the geometric structures. Admitting Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem, the continuous chiral symmetry is partially broken on the lattice. As an extension, a pair of discrete chiral operators are introduced to reconstruct the lattice chirality. Equipped with statistically quantization-equivalent ensemble models of the Dirac vacuum and non-trivial plasma backgrounds, the schemes are expected to have excellent performance in secular simulations of relativistic quantum effects, where the numerical errors of conserved quantities are well bounded by very small values without coherent accumulation. The algorithms are verified in detail by numerical energy spectra. Real-time LCFT simulations are successfully implemented for the nonlinear Schwinger mechanism induced e-e+ pairs creation and vacuum Kerr effect, where the nonlinear and non-perturbative features captured by the solutions provide a complete strong-field physical picture in a very wide range, which open a new door toward high-quality simulations in SFQED and RQP fields.
The action of the Virasoro algebra in quantum spin chains. Part I. The non-rational case
Authors: Grans-Samuelsson Linnea , Jacobsen Jesper Lykke , Saleur Hubert 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We investigate the action of discretized Virasoro generators, built out of generators of the lattice Temperley-Lieb algebra (“Koo-Saleur generators” [1]), in the critical XXZ quantum spin chain. We explore the structure of the continuum-limit Virasoro modules at generic central charge for the XXZ vertex model, paralleling [2] for the loop model. We find again indecomposable modules, but this time not logarithmic ones. The limit of the Temperley-Lieb modules Wj,1 for j ≠ 0 contains pairs of “conjugate states” with conformal weights (hr,s, hr,−s) and (hr,−s, hr,s) that give rise to dual structures: Verma or co-Verma modules. The limit of $$ {W}_{0,{\mathfrak{q}}^{\pm 2}} $$

W

0
,

q

±
2

contains diagonal fields (hr,1, hr,1) and gives rise to either only Verma or only co-Verma modules, depending on the sign of the exponent in $$ {\mathfrak{q}}^{\pm 2} $$

q

±
2

. In order to obtain matrix elements of Koo-Saleur generators at large system size N we use Bethe ansatz and Quantum Inverse Scattering methods, computing the form factors for relevant combinations of three neighbouring spin operators. Relations between form factors ensure that the above duality exists already at the lattice level. We also study in which sense Koo-Saleur generators converge to Virasoro generators. We consider convergence in the weak sense, investigating whether the commutator of limits is the same as the limit of the commutator? We find that it coincides only up to the central term. As a side result we compute the ground-state expectation value of two neighbouring Temperley-Lieb generators in the XXZ spin chain.
Orbifold groupoids
Authors: Gaiotto Davide , Kulp Justin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We review the properties of orbifold operations on two-dimensional quantum field theories, either bosonic or fermionic, and describe the “Orbifold groupoids” which control the composition of orbifold operations. Three-dimensional TQFT’s of Dijkgraaf-Witten type will play an important role in the analysis. We briefly discuss the extension to generalized symmetries and applications to constrain RG flows.
Entanglement between two disjoint universes
Authors: Balasubramanian Vijay , Kar Arjun , Ugajin Tomonori 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We use the replica method to compute the entanglement entropy of a universe without gravity entangled in a thermofield-double-like state with a disjoint gravitating universe. Including wormholes between replicas of the latter gives an entropy functional which includes an “island” on the gravitating universe. We solve the back-reaction equations when the cosmological constant is negative to show that this island coincides with a causal shadow region that is created by the entanglement in the gravitating geometry. At high entanglement temperatures, the island contribution to the entropy functional leads to a bound on entanglement entropy, analogous to the Page behavior of evaporating black holes. We demonstrate that the entanglement wedge of the non-gravitating universe grows with the entanglement temperature until, eventually, the gravitating universe can be entirely reconstructed from the non-gravitating one.
Neural-network analysis of Parton Distribution Functions from Ioffe-time pseudodistributions
Authors: Del Debbio Luigi , Giani Tommaso , Karpie Joseph , Orginos Kostas , Radyushkin Anatoly , Zafeiropoulos Savvas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We extract two nonsinglet nucleon Parton Distribution Functions from lattice QCD data for reduced Ioffe-time pseudodistributions. We perform such analysis within the NNPDF framework, considering data coming from different lattice ensembles and dis- cussing in detail the treatment of the different source of systematics involved in the fit. We introduce a recipe for taking care of systematics and use it to perform our extraction of light-cone PDFs.
Higher rank FZZ-dualities
Authors: Creutzig Thomas , Hikida Yasuaki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We examine strong/weak dualities in two dimensional conformal field theories by generalizing the Fateev-Zamolodchikov-Zamolodchikov (FZZ-)duality between Witten’s cigar model described by the $$ \mathfrak{sl}(2)/\mathfrak{u}(1) $$
sl

2

/
u

1

coset and sine-Liouville theory. In a previous work, a proof of the FZZ-duality was provided by applying the reduction method from $$ \mathfrak{sl}(2) $$
sl

2

Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten model to Liouville field theory and the self-duality of Liouville field theory. In this paper, we work with the coset model of the type $$ \mathfrak{sl}\left(N+1\right)/\left(\mathfrak{sl}(N)\times \mathfrak{u}(1)\right) $$
sl

N
+
1

/

sl

N

×
u

1

and investigate the equivalence to a theory with an $$ \mathfrak{sl}\left(N+\left.1\right|N\right) $$
sl

N
+

1

N

structure. We derive the duality explicitly for N = 2, 3 by applying recent works on the reduction method extended for $$ \mathfrak{sl}(N) $$
sl

N

and the self-duality of Toda field theory. Our results can be regarded as a conformal field theoretic derivation of the duality of the Gaiotto-Rapčák corner vertex operator algebras Y0,N,N+1[ψ] and YN,0,N+1[ψ−1].
Closed strings and weak gravity from higher-spin causality
Authors: Kaplan Jared , Kundu Sandipan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We combine old and new quantum field theoretic arguments to show that any theory of stable or metastable higher spin particles can be coupled to gravity only when the gravity sector has a stringy structure. Metastable higher spin particles, free or interacting, cannot couple to gravity while preserving causality unless there exist higher spin states in the gravitational sector much below the Planck scale Mpl. We obtain an upper bound on the mass Λgr of the lightest higher spin particle in the gravity sector in terms of quantities in the non-gravitational sector. We invoke the CKSZ uniqueness theorem to argue that any weakly coupled UV completion of such a theory must have a gravity sector containing infinite towers of asymptotically parallel, equispaced, and linear Regge trajectories. Consequently, gravitational four-point scattering amplitudes must coincide with the closed string four-point amplitude for s, t ≫ 1, identifying Λgr as the string scale. Our bound also implies that all metastable higher spin particles in 4d with masses m ≪ Λgr must satisfy a weak gravity condition.
Is entanglement a probe of confinement?
Authors: Jokela Niko , Subils Javier G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We study various entanglement measures in a one-parameter family of three-dimensional, strongly coupled Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons field theories by means of their dual supergravity descriptions. A generic field theory in this family possesses a mass gap but does not have a linear quark-antiquark potential. For the two limiting values of the parameter, the theories flow either to a fixed point or to a confining vacuum in the infrared. We show that entanglement measures are unable to discriminate confining theories from non-confining ones with a mass gap. This lends support on the idea that the phase transition of entanglement entropy at large-N can be caused just by the presence of a sizable scale in a theory. and just by itself should not be taken as a signal of confinement. We also examine flows passing close to a fixed point at intermediate energy scales and find that the holographic entanglement entropy, the mutual information, and the F-functions for strips and disks quantitatively match the conformal values for a range of energies.
Constraints on a massive double-copy and applications to massive gravity
Authors: Johnson Laura A. , Jones Callum R. T. , Paranjape Shruti 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We propose and study a BCJ double-copy of massive particles, showing that it is equivalent to a KLT formula with a kernel given by the inverse of a matrix of massive bi-adjoint scalar amplitudes. For models with a uniform non-zero mass spectrum we demonstrate that the resulting double-copy factors on physical poles and that up to at least 5-particle scattering, color-kinematics duality satisfying numerators always exist. For the scattering of 5 or more particles, the procedure generically introduces spurious singularities that must be cancelled by imposing additional constraints. When massive particles are present, color-kinematics duality is not enough to guarantee a physical double-copy. As an example, we apply the formalism to massive Yang-Mills and show that up to 4-particle scattering the double-copy construction generates physical amplitudes of a model of dRGT massive gravity coupled to a dilaton and a two-form with dilaton parity violating couplings. We show that the spurious singularities in the 5-particle double-copy do not cancel in this example, and the construction fails to generate physically sensible amplitudes. We conjecture sufficient constraints on the mass spectrum, which in addition to massive BCJ relations, guarantee the absence of spurious singularities.
Dimers, orientifolds and anomalies
Authors: Argurio Riccardo , Bertolini Matteo , Franco Sebastián , García-Valdecasas Eduardo , Meynet Shani , Pasternak Antoine , Tatitscheff Valdo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We study 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 gauge theories engineered via D-branes at orientifolds of toric singularities, where gauge anomalies are cancelled without the introduction of non-compact flavor branes. Using dimer model techniques, we derive geometric criteria for establishing whether a given singularity can admit anomaly-free D-brane configurations purely based on its toric data and the type of orientifold projection. Our results therefore extend the dictionary between geometric properties of singularities and physical properties of the corresponding gauge theories.
Boundary conditions in topological AdS4/CFT3
Authors: Genolini Pietro Benetti , Grinberg Matan , Richmond Paul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We revisit the construction in four-dimensional gauged Spin(4) supergravity of the holographic duals to topologically twisted three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 field theories. Our focus in this paper is to highlight some subtleties related to preserving supersymmetry in AdS/CFT, namely the inclusion of finite counterterms and the necessity of a Legendre transformation to find the dual to the field theory generating functional. Studying the geometry of these supergravity solutions, we conclude that the gravitational free energy is indeed independent from the metric of the boundary, and it vanishes for any smooth solution.
Universal correlators and novel cosets in 2d RCFT
Authors: Mukhi Sunil , Poddar Rahul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The two-character level-1 WZW models corresponding to Lie algebras in the Cvitanović-Deligne series A1, A2, G2, D4, F4, E6, E7 have been argued to form coset pairs with respect to the meromorphic E8,1 CFT. Evidence for this has taken the form of holomorphic bilinear relations between the characters. We propose that suitable 4-point functions of primaries in these models also obey bilinear relations that combine them into current correlators for E8,1, and provide strong evidence that these relations hold in each case. Different cases work out due to special identities involving tensor invariants of the algebra or hypergeometric functions. In particular these results verify previous calculations of correlators for exceptional WZW models, which have rather subtle features. We also find evidence that the intermediate vertex operator algebras A0.5 and E7.5, as well as the three-character A4,1 theory, also appear to satisfy the novel coset relation.
Heisenberg spin chain as a worldsheet coordinate for lightcone quantized string
Authors: Thorn Charles B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Although the energy spectrum of the Heisenberg spin chain on a circle defined by$$ H=\frac{1}{4}\sum \limits_{k=1}^M\left({\sigma}_k^x{\sigma}_{k+1}^x+{\sigma}_k^y{\sigma}_{k+1}^y+\Delta {\sigma}_k^z{\sigma}_{k+1}^z\right) $$
H
=

1
4

∑

k
=
1

M

σ
k
x

σ

k
+
1

x

+

σ
k
y

σ

k
+
1

y

+
Δ

σ
k
z

σ

k
+
1

z

is well known for any fixed M, the boundary conditions vary according to whether M ∈ 4ℕ + r, where r = −1, 0, 1, 2, and also according to the parity of the number of overturned spins in the state, In string theory all these cases must be allowed because interactions involve a string with M spins breaking into strings with M1< M and M − M1 spins (or vice versa). We organize the energy spectrum and degeneracies of H in the case ∆ = 0 where the system is equivalent to a system of free fermions. In spite of the multiplicity of special cases, in the limit M → ∞ the spectrum is that of a free compactified worldsheet field. Such a field can be interpreted as a compact transverse string coordinate x(σ) ≡ x(σ) + R0. We construct the bosonization formulas explicitly in all separate cases, and for each sector give the Virasoro conformal generators in both fermionic and bosonic formulations. Furthermore from calculations in the literature for selected classes of excited states, there is strong evidence that the only change for ∆ ≠ 0 is a change in the compactification radius R0→ R∆. As ∆ → −1 this radius goes to infinity, giving a concrete example of noncompact space emerging from a discrete dynamical system. Finally we apply our work to construct the three string vertex implied by a string whose bosonic coordinates emerge from this mechanism.
Product SCFTs in class-S
Authors: Distler Jacques , Ergun Behzat , Yan Fei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We develop a technique for counting the number of stress tensor multiplets in a 4D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFT. This provides a simple diagnostic for when an isolated (non-Lagrangian) SCFT is a product of two (or more) such theories. In class-S, the basic building blocks are the isolated SCFTs arising from the compactification of a 6D (2,0) theory on a 3-punctured sphere (“fixture”). We apply our technique to determine when a fixture is a product SCFT. The answer is that this phenomenon is surprisingly rare. In the low-rank AN−1, DN theories and the E6 theory studied by the first author and his collaborators, it occurs less than 1% of the time. Of the 2979 fixtures in the (untwisted and twisted) E6 theory, only 23 are product SCFTs. Of these, 22 were known to the original authors. The new one is a product of the (E7)8 Minahan-Nemeschansky theory and a new rank-2 SCFT.
Efficient resummation of high post-Newtonian contributions to the binding energy
Authors: Foffa Stefano , Sturani Riccardo , Torres Bobadilla William J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A factorisation property of Feynman diagrams in the context the Effective Field Theory approach to the compact binary problem has been recently employed to efficiently determine the static sector of the potential at fifth post-Newtonian (5PN) order. We extend this procedure to the case of non-static diagrams and we use it to fix, by means of elementary algebraic manipulations, the value of more than one thousand diagrams at 5PN order, that is a substantial fraction of the diagrams needed to fully determine the dynamics at 5PN. This procedure addresses the redundancy problem that plagues the computation of the binding energy with respect to more “efficient” observables like the scattering angle, thus making the EFT approach in harmonic gauge at least as scalable as the others methods.
Non-canonical roles of canonical telomere binding proteins in cancers
Authors: Akincilar Semih Can , Chan Claire Hian Tzer , Ng Qin Feng , Fidan Kerem , Tergaonkar Vinay 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReactivation of telomerase is a major hallmark observed in 90% of all cancers. Yet paradoxically, enhanced telomerase activity does not correlate with telomere length and cancers often possess short telomeres; suggestive of supplementary non-canonical roles that telomerase might play in the development of cancer. Moreover, studies have shown that aberrant expression of shelterin proteins coupled with their release from shortening telomeres can further promote cancer by mechanisms independent of their telomeric role. While targeting telomerase activity appears to be an attractive therapeutic option, this approach has failed in clinical trials due to undesirable cytotoxic effects on stem cells. To circumvent this concern, an alternative strategy could be to target the molecules involved in the non-canonical functions of telomeric proteins. In this review, we will focus on emerging evidence that has demonstrated the non-canonical roles of telomeric proteins and their impact on tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we aim to address current knowledge gaps in telomeric protein functions and propose future research approaches that can be undertaken to achieve this.