bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Left Ventricle Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Neonatal Exposure to Hyperoxia: Relevance for Cardiomyopathy After Preterm Birth
Authors: Ravizzoni Dartora Daniela , Flahault Adrien , Pontes Carolina N.R. , He Ying , Deprez Alyson , Cloutier Anik , Cagnone Gaël , Gaub Perrine , Altit Gabriel , Bigras Jean-Luc , Joyal Jean-Sébastien , Mai Luu Thuy , Burelle Yan , Nuyt Anne Monique 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Individuals born preterm present left ventricle changes and increased risk of cardiac diseases and heart failure. The pathophysiology of heart disease after preterm birth is incompletely understood. Mitochondria dysfunction is a hallmark of cardiomyopathy resulting in heart failure. We hypothesized that neonatal hyperoxia in rats, a recognized model simulating preterm birth conditions and resulting in oxygen-induced cardiomyopathy, induce left ventricle mitochondrial changes in juvenile rats. We also hypothesized that humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, would be reduced in young adults born preterm.

Methods:

Sprague-Dawley pups were exposed to room air (controls) or 80% O
2
at postnatal days 3 to 10 (oxygen-induced cardiomyopathy). We studied left ventricle mitochondrial changes in 4 weeks old males. In a cohort of young adults born preterm (n=55) and age-matched term (n=54), we compared circulating levels of humanin.

Results:

Compared with controls, oxygen-exposed rats showed smaller left ventricle mitochondria with disrupted integrity on electron microscopy, decreased oxidative phosphorylation, increased glycolysis markers, and reduced mitochondrial biogenesis and abundance. In oxygen-exposed rats, we observed lipid deposits, increased superoxide production (isolated cardiomyocytes), and reduced
Nrf2
gene expression. In the cohort, left ventricle ejection fraction and peak global longitudinal strain were similar between groups however humanin levels were lower in preterm and associated with left ventricle ejection fraction and peak global longitudinal strain.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, neonatal hyperoxia impaired left ventricle mitochondrial structure and function in juvenile animals. Serum humanin level was reduced in preterm adults. This study suggests that preterm birth–related conditions entail left ventricle mitochondrial alterations that may underlie cardiac changes perpetuated into adulthood.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03261609.
Regulation of Competition in the Telecommunications Sector: A Comparative Study of the Korean and Nigerian Legal Regimes
Authors: Anele Kalu Kingsley , Ubochioma Wiseman 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The liberalisation of telecommunications sectors in many countries has brought with it the need to regulate and develop regulatory models for competition. South Korea and Nigeria followed the liberalisation trend of the telecommunications markets in late 1980s and 1990s. Both countries have also established competition laws and adopt various regulatory models. This paper, through a comparative analysis, examines how both countries regulate competition in their telecommunications markets. It argues that their regulatory models have merits and demerits which may affect efficient regulation of competition in the industry. It concludes that notwithstanding the pros and cons of their regulatory models, the regulatory choices are tailored to meet the peculiarities of their markets and reflect the environment in which they are used. Also, the Nigerian model reflects its slow level of telecommunication development and the more sophisticated the industry becomes, it becomes imperative for its regulatory regime to become sector-specific.
An Investigation of Extreme Cold Events at the South Pole
Authors: Keller Linda M. , Maloney Kathryn J. , Lazzara Matthew A. , Mikolajczyk David E. , Battista Stefano Di 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
From 5 July to 11 September 2012, the Amundsen–Scott South Pole station experienced an unprecedented 78 days in a row with a maximum temperature at or below −50°C. Aircraft and ground-based activity cannot function without risk below this temperature. Lengthy periods of extreme cold temperatures are characterized by a drop in pressure of around 15 hPa over 4 days, accompanied by winds from grid east. Periodic influxes of warm air from the Weddell Sea raise the temperature as the wind shifts to grid north. The end of the event occurs when the temperature increase is enough to move past the −50°C threshold. This study also examines the length of extreme cold periods. The number of days below −50°C in early winter has been decreasing since 1999, and this trend is statistically significant at the 5% level. Late winter shows an increase in the number of days below −50°C for the same period, but this trend is not statistically significant. Changes in the southern annular mode, El Niño–Southern Oscillation, and the interdecadal Pacific oscillation/tripole index are investigated in relation to the initiation of extreme cold events. None of the correlations are statistically significant. A positive southern annular mode and a La Niña event or a central Pacific El Niño–Southern Oscillation pattern would position the upper-level circulation to favor a strong, symmetrical polar vortex with strong westerlies over the Southern Ocean, leading to a cold pattern over the South Pole.

Significance Statement
The Amundsen–Scott South Pole station is the coldest Antarctic station staffed year-round by U.S. personnel. Access to the station is primarily by airplane, especially during the winter months. Ambient temperature limits air access as planes cannot operate at minimum temperatures below −50°C. The station gets supplies during the winter months if needed, and medical emergencies can happen requiring evacuations. Knowing when planes would be able to fly is crucial, especially for life-saving efforts. During 2012, a record 78 continuous days of temperatures below −50°C occurred. A positive southern annular mode denoting strong westerly winds over the Pacific Ocean and a strong polar vortex over the South Pole contribute to the maintenance of long periods of extremely cold temperatures.
Fatalism, Emotional Regulation, and Suicide Risk in Colombian Adults During the SAR-Cov-2 Disease Epidemic
Authors: Caballero-Domínguez Carmen C. , Ceballos-Ospino Guillermo A. , Campo-Arias Adalberto 
Published: December 2021

The current pandemic of Severe Acute Syndrome (SAR-CoV-2) is a public health problem with implications for mental health. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of suicide risk and its association with fatalism and emotional regulation during SARS-CoV-2 in Colombia's adult population. A cross-sectional study was designed, an online format was used, which evaluated sociodemographic variables, CES-D-SI, the Fatalism Questionnaire against COVID-19, and the Emotional Regulation Scale. 435 Colombian adults participated, aged between 18 and 79 years. A prevalence of suicide risk was found in 5.3%, and it was associated with the interaction between living in rural area and less education (OR = 5.60, 95%CI 1.28–24.53), emotional dysregulation (OR = 3.54, 95%CI 1.77–7.09), and fatalistic beliefs (OR = 3.09, 95%CI 1.53–6.27). 5.3% of the population presented an elevated suicide risk. It was associated with less education, rural areas, fatalistic beliefs, and emotional dysregulation in the Colombian population during mandatory confinement due to SAR-CoV-2.
Perceived Social Norms Guide Health Care Decisions for Oneself and Others: A Cross-Sectional Experiment in a US Online Panel
Authors: Strough JoNell , Stone Eric R. , Parker Andrew M. , Bruine de Bruin Wändi 
Published: December 2021

Background: Global aging has increased the reliance on surrogates to make health care decisions for others. We investigated the differences between making health care decisions and predicting health care decisions, self-other differences for made and predicted health care decisions, and the roles of perceived social norms, emotional closeness, empathy, age, and gender. Methods: Participants ( N = 2037) from a nationally representative US panel were randomly assigned to make or to predict a health care decision. They were also randomly assigned to 1 of 5 recipients: themselves, a loved one 60 y or older, a loved one younger than 60 y, a distant acquaintance 60 y or older, or a distant acquaintance younger than 60 y. Hypothetical health care scenarios depicted choices between relatively safe lower-risk treatments with a good chance of yielding mild health improvements versus higher-risk treatments that offered a moderate chance of substantial health improvements. Participants reported their likelihood of choosing lower- versus higher-risk treatments, their perceptions of family and friends’ approval of risky health care decisions, and their empathy. Results: We present 3 key findings. First, made decisions involved less risk taking than predicted decisions, especially for distant others. Second, predicted decisions were similar for others and oneself, but made decisions were less risk taking for others than oneself. People predicted that loved ones would be less risk taking than distant others would be. Third, perceived social norms were more strongly associated than empathy with made and predicted decisions. Limitations: Hypothetical scenarios may not adequately represent emotional processes in health care decision making. Conclusions: Perceived social norms may sway people to take less risk in health care decisions, especially when making decisions for others. These findings have implications for improving surrogate decision making. Highlights People made less risky health care decisions for others than for themselves, even though they predicted others would make decisions similar to their own. This has implications for understanding how surrogates apply the substituted judgment standard when making decisions for patients. Perceived social norms were more strongly related to decisions than treatment-recipient (relationship closeness, age) and decision-maker (age, gender, empathy) characteristics. Those who perceived that avoiding health care risks was valued by their social group were less likely to choose risky medical treatments. Understanding the power of perceived social norms in shaping surrogates’ decisions may help physicians to engage surrogates in shared decision making. Knowledge of perceived social norms may facilitate the design of decision aids for surrogates.
Correlation between FA and ADC, number and length of the periprostatic neurovascular fibers
Authors: Di Paola Valerio , Totaro Angelo , Avesani Giacomo , Gui Benedetta , Boni Andrea , Esperto Francesco , Valentini Vincenzo , Manfredi Riccardo 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Our aim was to explore the relation between FA and ADC, number and length of the periprostatic neurovascular fibers (PNF) by means of 1.5 T Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) imaging through a multivariate linear regression analysis model. Methods: For this retrospective study, 56 patients (mean age 63.5 years), who underwent 1.5-T prostate MRI, including DTI, were enrolled between October 2014 and December 2018. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the statistically significant correlation between FA values (dependent variable) and ADC, the number and the length of PNF (independent variables), if p-value <0.05. A value of 0.5 indicated poor agreement; 0.5–0.75, moderate agreement; 0.75–0.9, good agreement; 0.61–0.80, good agreement; and 0.9–1.00, excellent agreement. Results: The overall fit of the multivariate regression model was excellent, with R2 value of 0.9445 ( R2 adjusted 0.9412; p < 0.0001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant correlation ( p < 0.05) for all the three independent variables. The r partial value was −0.9612 for ADC values ( p < 0.0001), suggesting a strong negative correlation, 0.4317 for the number of fiber tracts ( p < 0.001), suggesting a moderate positive correlation, and −0.306 for the length of the fiber tracts ( p < 0.05), suggesting a weak negative correlation. Conclusions: Our multivariate linear regression model has demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between FA values of PNF with other DTI parameters, in particular with ADC.
Factors affecting sleep quality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Özer Serap , Kankaya Hülya , Gün Rabiye , Yeler Necla , Marangoz Özge , Bozça Hilal 
Published: December 2021

Objective This study aimed to assess the sleep quality and the factors affecting the sleep quality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted in 105 patients with SLE who were admitted to the rheumatology polyclinic of a university hospital between May and July 2017. The data were collected using a “Patient Description Form” and the “Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).” Results The total mean (standard deviation) PSQI score of the patients was 7.81 (3.11). Duration of disease, presence of comorbid diseases, side effects of drugs, and sleep disruption and related problems were identified as factors affecting sleep quality. The model of the regression showed that side effects of drugs, sleep disruption, and trouble falling asleep suffered higher PSQI score (bad sleep quality). Conclusions Results of this study showed that the sleep quality was generally poor in patients with SLE. Sleep quality was affected by some disease and sleep variables. Therefore, comprehensive sleep evaluation is necessary in the planning of treatment and care of SLE patients and to implement initiatives to improve sleep patterns in these patients.
Assessing Quality in Advance Care Planning Documentation: A Survey of Current Methods
Authors: Berkowitz Callie M. , Ma Jessica , Lowe Jared , Dolor Rowena J. 
Published: December 2021

Background High-quality advance care planning (ACP) documentation facilitates the communication of patients’ wishes as they progress in their disease course and travel between health care settings. No consensus exists regarding evaluation of documentation quality, and diverse strategies for assessing quality have been adopted in clinical ACP studies. Methodology We conducted a literature review in PubMed and via manual search to identify clinical studies that assessed ACP quality or completeness as an outcome measure over a 5-year period. Studies that treated ACP as a binary outcome variable (present or absent), studies that took place outside of the US, and studies in pediatric populations were excluded from review. Results We identified 11 studies for inclusion in our review. Across study methodologies, the following 8 quality domains were identified: discussion frequency, documentation accessibility, discussion timing, health care proxy, health goals or values, scope of treatment/code status, prognosis/illness understanding, and end of life (EOL) care planning. Each study assessed between 2 and 6 domains. Divergent methods for assessing quality domains were utilized, including manual qualitative analysis and natural language processing techniques. Conclusion Defining and measuring the quality of documentation is critical to developing ACP programs that improve patient care. Our review provides an adaptable framework centered around quality domains.
Truth Disclosure at the End of Life: A Qualitative Study of Internal Medicine Residents in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Ibrahim Halah , Harhara Thana 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundRespect for patient autonomy has become the guiding biomedical ethical tenet in the West; yet, moral values are contextual and culturally relevant. In the collectivist society of the Middle East, families and physicians have historically believed that concealing truth about a terminal illness is more ethical and compassionate. Recent studies reveal a trend toward truth disclosure.ObjectiveTo gain insight into resident experiences with, and barriers to, truth disclosure in terminally ill patients in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).MethodsFocus group interviews were conducted with first through fourth year internal medicine residents and recent graduates at two large academic medical centers in the UAE. Qualitative thematic content analysis was used to identify themes related to communication and truth telling in end-of-life care.ResultsResidents revealed that non-disclosure of medical information in serious illness is a common practice in UAE hospitals. Barriers to truth telling include family objection, deficits in medical training, and inconsistently implemented institutional guidelines.ConclusionEducational and policy interventions are needed to improve physician-patient communication, decrease patient-family-physician tension, and alleviate trainee moral distress.
The Task Matters: A Scoping Review on Reading Comprehension Abilities in ADHD
Authors: Parks Kaitlyn M.A. , Moreau Christine N. , Hannah Kara E. , Brainin Leah , Joanisse Marc F. 
Published: December 2021

Objective: A broad range of tasks have been used to classify individuals with ADHD with reading comprehension difficulties. However, the inconsistency in the literature warrants a scoping review of current knowledge about the relationship between ADHD diagnosis and reading comprehension ability. Method: A comprehensive search strategy was performed to identify relevant articles on the topic. Thirty-four articles met inclusion criteria for the current review. Results: The evidence as a whole suggests reading comprehension is impaired in ADHD. The most prominent effect was found in studies where participants retell or pick out central ideas in stories. On these tasks, participants with ADHD performed consistently worse than typically developing controls. However, some studies found that performance in ADHD improved when reading comprehension task demands were low. Conclusion: Results suggest that performance in ADHD depends on the way reading comprehension is measured and further guide future work clarifying why there are such discrepant findings across studies.
Transient central retina artery occlusion in patients undergoing intravitreal anti vegf injections
Authors: Damasceno Nadyr A , Yannuzzi Nicolas A , Maia Mauricio , Eid Farah Michel , Flynn Harry W , Damasceno Eduardo F 
Published: December 2021

Purpose To evaluate the occurrence of transient central retinal artery occlusion following intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection. Methods Prospective, observational study of 807 patients (807 eyes) who were given intravitreal injections of ranibizumab or aflibercept to treat any cause of retinal vascular diseases between 1 January 2017 and 30 November 2018 at the Federal Fluminense University Hospital in Niteroi, and a private facility in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Patients who did not present transient central retinal artery occlusion were excluded. Results Among 4069 injections, only 18 patients (0.44%) presented transient central retinal artery occlusion, 14 mild cases (77.7%), and 4 severe cases (22.3%). The clinical factors associated with more severe cases of transient central retinal artery occlusion were the duration of the transient central retinal artery occlusion ( p = 0.001), number of prior injections ( p = 0.01), and a positive carotid Doppler test ( p = 0.01). Twelve cases (66.6%) had positive carotid artery obstruction (atheroma plaque size ≥70%) while 6 cases (33.3%) had negative carotid artery obstruction (atheroma plaque size <70%). The age group >60 years old ( p = 0.06), cup/disc ratio >0.6 ( p = 0.06), and pseudophakic lens status were also factors with association with transient central retinal artery occlusion, although did not meet criteria for statistical significance. The only patient who experienced a recurrent episode of transient central retinal artery occlusion had diabetic macular edema, positive carotid Doppler test, and cup/optic disc ratio >0.6. Conclusion Transient central retinal artery occlusion is a rare adverse event that can appear in patients with retinal vascular disease receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. The atheroma plaque size and the number of prior injections can be associated with the severity of the event.
Expression of SCO1 and SCO2 after form-deprivation myopia in Guinea pigs
Authors: Zhou Guimei , Lan Changjun , Yang Qin , Zhong Weiqi , Gu Zhiming , Xiang Xiaoling , Mao Yumei , Liao Xuan 
Published: December 2021

Purpose The retina is a highly energy-consuming tissue associated with visual development, and the reduced quality of retinal imaging can be related to myopia. Synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 1 ( SCO1) and synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 2 ( SCO2) are involved in ATP (adenosine triphosphate) synthesis and energy metabolism. This study aimed to observe the morphologic changes and investigate the expression of SCO1 and SCO2 induced by form-deprivation myopia (FDM) in the retina and sclera of guinea pigs. Methods Thirty-six 3-week-old male guinea pigs were randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) the model group (n  =  18), in which the right eyes were covered by a thin opaque balloon as FDM group, and the left eyes were uncovered and served as the contralateral control group; (2) the blank control group (n  =  18), in which bilateral eye received no manipulation. Eyeballs were enucleated for histological analysis. The retina and sclera of the guinea pigs were separated to determine the protein and mRNA expression levels of SCO1 and SCO2, respectively. Results After four weeks of form deprivation (FD), the refractive degree and axial length increased significantly ( P < 0.001). The retinal and scleral tissues were moderately thinner, and the ganglion cells and the cells of inner and outer nuclear layers in the retina became fewer. Compared with the contralateral control group ( P < 0.001) and the blank control group ( P < 0.001), the collagen content of the sclera became less in the FDM group. The protein and mRNA expression levels of SCO1 and SCO2 in the FDM group were significantly lower than those in the contralateral control group and the blank control group ( P < 0.05). Conclusions The morphologies of the retina and sclera were changed, and the expression of SCO1 and SCO2 at the protein and transcription levels was significantly reduced in the FDM group. Given these changes, SCO1 and SCO2 genes may be involved in myopic progression.