bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA‐146b‐5p promotes atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation by repressing TIMP4
Authors: Ye Qing , Liu Quan , Ma Xiaolong , Bai Shuyun , Chen Pengfei , Zhao Yichen , Bai Chen , Liu Yang , Liu Kemin , Xin Meng , Zeng Caiwu , Zhao Cheng , Yao Yan , Ma Yue , Wang Jiangang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlteration of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)/matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) associated with collagen upregulation has an important role in sustained atrial fibrillation (AF). The expression of miR‐146b‐5p, whose the targeted gene is TIMPs, is upregulated in atrial cardiomyocytes during AF. This study was to determine whether miR‐146b‐5p could regulate the gene expression of TIMP4 and the contribution of miRNA to atrial fibrosis in AF. Collagen synthesis was observed after miR‐146b‐5p transfection in human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived atrial cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐aCMs)‐fibroblast co‐culture cellular model in vitro. Furthermore, a myocardial infarction (MI) mouse model was used to confirm the protective effect of miR‐146b‐5p downregulation on atrial fibrosis. The expression level of miR‐146b‐5p was upregulated, while the expression level of TIMP4 was downregulated in the fibrotic atrium of canine with AF. miR‐146b‐5p transfection in hiPSC‐aCMs‐fibroblast co‐culture cellular model increased collagen synthesis by regulating TIMP4/MMP9 mediated extracellular matrix proteins synthesis. The inhibition of miR‐146b‐5p expression reduced the phenotypes of cardiac fibrosis in the MI mouse model. Fibrotic marker MMP9, TGFB1 and COL1A1 were significantly downregulated, while TIMP4 was significantly upregulated (at both mRNA and protein levels) by miR‐146b‐5p inhibition in cardiomyocytes of MI heart. We concluded that collagen fibres were accumulated in extracellular space on miR‐146b‐5p overexpressed co‐culture cellular model. Moreover, the cardiac fibrosis induced by MI was attenuated in antagomiR‐146 treated mice by increasing the expression of TIMP4, which indicated that the inhibition of miR‐146b‐5p might become an effective therapeutic approach for preventing atrial fibrosis.
Universal health care and political economy, neoliberalism and effects of COVID‐19: A view of systems and complexity
Authors: Peterson Chris L. , Walker Christine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSturmberg and Martin's application of systems and complexity theory to understanding Universal Health Care (UHC) and Primary Health Care (PHC) is evaluated in the light of the influence of political economy on health systems. Furthermore, the role that neoliberal approaches to governance have had in creating increased inequities is seen as a key challenge for UHC. COVID‐19 has emphasized long standing discrepancies in health and these disadvantages require government will and cooperation together with adequate social services to redress these discrepancies in UHC.
Nursery habitat use patterns of the scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini, in coastal areas of the central Mexican Pacific
Authors: Corgos Antonio , Rosende‐Pereiro Alejandro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work aimed to characterize the nursery habitat use patterns of the scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini (SPL), in coastal areas of Jalisco and Colima, through the birth pattern, space–time distribution and relationship with environmental conditions. Information was combined from three sources: monitoring bycatch from the artisanal fishery, fishery‐independent samplings, and acoustic tracking and monitoring. From September 2013 to May 2017, 408 juvenile SPL (41.6–100.1 cm total length) were recorded. Births occurred between May and December (rainy‐warmer season), within a radius of 2 km from river mouths in Marabasco, Navidad Bay, Rebalsito‐Tecuan and Cuitzmala mainly in shallow (<20 m), turbid and soft‐bottom areas. Some tagged SPL moved from Marabasco and Rebalsito to Navidad Bay. The peak of catch and births occurred in June–August. Tagged SPL remained near the river mouth in Rebalsito for up to 27 days, showing a mean residency index of 0.29, a home range of 5.55 km2 with a core area of 1.23 km2 located within a 1.5 km radius from the river mouth. In December–January SPL left the river mouth areas and the catch was scarce until the following May–June, except in January 2016, when the catch was high due to El Niño 2015. SPL bycatch was significantly associated with temperature, precipitation and the Oceanic Niño Index.
Sustainable juice evaporation unit selection for noncentrifugal sugar production by multicriteria evaluation methods
Authors: Beeram Sravya , Morapakala Srinivas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the conventional practice of producing noncentrifugal sugar (NCS), many technologies are available for juice evaporation, all of which may not be sustainable. The sustainability of these units is dependent on multiple criteria belonging to resources, technical, economic, process‐output, and environmental parameters. This paper presents the work undertaken to identify the most sustainable juice evaporation unit (to produce NCS) among 10 alternatives using three multicriteria evaluation (MCE) techniques, namely TOPSIS, PROMETHEE II, and VIKOR. The analyses were based on 11 evaluation criteria covering four sustainability elements. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight approaches were used to assess the importance of each criterion for the ranking of evaporation units. The necessary data were obtained from three different decision‐maker groups, namely academics and sustainability promoters, NCS manufacturers, and NCS plant suppliers. The resulting criteria weights indicate that capital cost (with AHP analysis based weights as 16.81, 12.51, 15.30% for decision‐makers groups I, II, III, and a weight of 23.28% from entropy method) is found to be the most crucial criterion. With assessment values of 0.741, 0.186, and 0.048 in TOPSIS, PROMETHEE II, and VIKOR, respectively, “single pan with the improved furnace” emerged to be the most sustainable option. This result is also substantiated by a group priority index of 1.08 obtained through the geometric mean method of analysis. This suggests that “single pan with the improved furnace” is the most sustainable one for NCS production. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses undertaken indicate that “single pan with the improved furnace” is most and least sensitive to “greenhouse emissions” and “process time,” respectively. With these outcomes, this paper demonstrates that the methodology adopted herein could be considered for assessing the sustainability of other process units involved in NCS production.Practical ApplicationsIn the conventional practice of producing NCS, there are various technologies available for the evaporation of juice. This paper narrates the MCE‐based work to identify a sustainable juice evaporation unit. It can be suggested that the most sustainable unit is “single pan with improved furnace” and the least sustainable is “multi‐effect evaporator.” The results of the present analysis suggested that the use of the other nine units for the production of NCS is to be subjected to thorough scrutiny, specifically regarding their sustainability. The methodology taken up for this analysis could be extended for other subprocesses in the NCS production process line to get the most sustainable process line.
Eosinophilic esophagitis: A review of the pediatric population and consideration of upcoming therapies
Authors: Bhesania Natalie , Selvakumar Praveen Kumar Conjeevaram , Patel Sophia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a disease entity that has become increasingly recognized in the pediatric population over the last decade and was first recognized as early as 1990. EoE is a clinicopathologic diagnosis with signs and symptoms varying between age groups. The clinical presentation of EoE is variable ranging from milder nonspecific symptoms, such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and dyspepsia, to more severe presentations such as failure to thrive, dysphagia and even food impaction and is dependent on age of diagnosis 2. There is growing body of evidence with regards to the pathophysiology, diagnostic modalities, and treatment options for EoE in the past decade. In this review article, we aim to discuss the disease burden, pathophysiology, diagnostic strategies, and currently available treatment options for EoE based on existing literature.
Altered bile acid glycine : taurine ratio in the progression of chronic liver disease
Authors: Chen Tianlu , Zhou Kejun , Sun Tao , Sang Chao , Jia Wei , Xie Guoxiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThe onset and progression of chronic liver disease (CLD) is a multistage process spanning years or several decades. Some bile acid (BA) features are identified as indicators for CLD progression. However, BAs are highly influenced by various factors and are stage and/or population specific. Emerging evidences demonstrated the association of structure of conjugated BAs and CLD progression. Here, we aimed to investigate the alteration of conjugated BAs and identify new features for CLD progression.MethodsBased on liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry platform, 15 BAs were quantified in 1883 participants including healthy controls and CLD patients (non‐alcoholic fatty liver [NAFL], non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH], fibrosis, cirrhosis, and three types of liver cancer). Logistic regression was used to construct diagnostic models. Model performances were evaluated in discovery and test sets by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and kappa index.ResultsFive BA glycine : taurine ratios were calculated, and glycocholic acid/taurocholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid/taurodeoxycholic acid, and glycochenodeoxycholic acid/taurochenocholic acid were identified as candidates. Three diagnostic models were constructed for the differentiation of healthy control and early CLD (NAFL + NASH), early and advanced CLD (fibrosis + cirrhosis + liver cancer), and NAFL and NASH, respectively. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the models ranged from 0.91 to 0.97. The addition of age and gender improved model performances further. The alterations of the candidates and the performances of the diagnostic models were successfully validated by independent test sets (n = 291).ConclusionsOur findings revealed stage‐specific BA perturbation patterns and provided new biomarkers and tools for the monitoring of liver disease progression.
Homebound status among older adult home care recipients in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Lapointe‐Shaw Lauren , Jones Aaron , Ivers Noah M. , Rahim Ahmad , Babe Glenda , Stall Nathan M. , Sinha Samir K. , Costa Andrew P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundHomebound status is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in older adults, yet little is known about homebound older adults in Canada. Our objectives were to describe time trends in the prevalence of homebound status among community‐dwelling long‐term home care recipients and the characteristics associated with homebound status.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross‐sectional and cohort study using linked health administrative data in Canada's most populous province, Ontario. We included adults aged 65 years and older who received at least one long‐term home care assessment from 2006 to 2017 (N = 666,514). Homebound individuals were those who exited the home an average of 0–1 days/week over the previous 30 days; not homebound comparators exited the home 2–7 days per week. We compared baseline characteristics between groups and estimated the association between these characteristics and homebound status at baseline and over time.ResultsFrom 2006 to 2017, the annual proportion of long‐term home care recipients who were homebound increased from 48% to 65%. At first assessment, 50% of the cohort (331,836 of 666,514) were homebound. Among those with a 4–12 month repeat assessment, homebound status persisted over time for 80%, and developed anew in 24%. Dependency on others for locomotion, use of an assistive device, poor access to dwelling, older age, and female sex were most strongly associated with homebound status at baseline, as well as its development and persistence over time.ConclusionsWe found that half of Ontario older adult long‐stay home care clients were homebound at the time of their first assessment, and that the prevalence of homebound status among home care recipients rose steadily from 2006 to 2017. This informs further research and policy development to ensure the adequacy of supports for older homebound persons.
A case study of distress mechanism(s) in a concrete structure foundation in the saturated zone and above the saturated zone
Authors: Beyene Mengesha , Meininger Richard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this case study, distress mechanism(s) of a concrete structure in the saturated and unsaturated zones of the foundation were investigated. This research was performed using a stereomicroscope, polarised light microscopy (PLM), and a limited study using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with backscattered electron (BSE). Results of this study showed that concrete cores extracted from both the saturated and unsaturated zones of the foundation exhibited severe to moderate concrete distress, but the cause of the distress/cracking in the concrete was not related to Alkali‐Carbonate Reaction (ACR) as was initially suspected. While the damage to the concrete extracted from the structure above the saturated zone of the foundation was caused by a combination of Alkali‐Silica Reaction (ASR) and freeze‐thaw deterioration, concrete distress in the saturated zone of the foundation was caused primarily by ASR of shale particles in the natural sand fine aggregate. The sand also contained traces of chert particles with ASR. Limited ASR was seen in the crushed gravel coarse aggregate siliceous limestone, dolomitic limestone, and chert particles. Results of this case study showed that siliceous shale particles in the fine aggregate caused detrimental ASR damage to the concrete, and thus caution needs to be exercised when aggregate containing shale is used in concrete.
Safety and efficacy of the transoral approach for cheek volumization with hyaluronic acid: A pilot study
Authors: Oliva Hernández Jesús Luis , García Monforte Fernando , Tejero García Paloma , Hernández Ponce Juan Antonio , Naranjo García Pablo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith aging, there is a decrease in the volume of facial fat compartments, which can be restored using injectable biodegradable fillers.AimsThe objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of an ultrasound‐guided transoral injection versus the traditional percutaneous approach for cheek volumization with hyaluronic acid.Patients/MethodsThis is a pilot, single‐center, comparative, prospective study conducted in Spain in which the hemifaces were randomized to receive an injection with each technique, and the duration of follow‐up was 1 year. Results were assessed using the GAIS and the procedure satisfaction survey. The degree of pain experienced was evaluated using a VAS for pain.ResultsThis study included 20 women with a mean age of 45.3 years (SD 5.1, range of 38–53). No significant differences were observed in esthetic improvement scores or in the satisfaction surveys. There were significant differences in the transoral approach assessment at V3 (p = 0.0362) and in both procedures at V6 (p = 0.0026) between patients and evaluators. Of all patients, 55% (n = 11/20) reported less pain with the transoral approach, and 15% (n = 3/20) did not perceive pain with any techniques. No side effects different than those expected were observed, and they all resolved without the need for treatment.ConclusionThe transoral approach for cheek volumization with hyaluronic acid was shown as a safe, effective technique that provides more comfort and minor sensation of pain than the traditional percutaneous approach but with equivalent esthetic outcomes.
Why do followers feel inauthentic and withdraw? The joint effect of leader Machiavellianism and perceived collectivistic work climate
Authors: Li Andrew , Kong Dejun Tony , Lin Quan , Fan Yifeng “Felix” 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveAlthough past research has shown the negative consequences of state inauthenticity (i.e., the experience of inauthenticity), what triggers state inauthenticity remains to be better understood. We focus on leader Machiavellianism (Mach), defined as the extent to which leaders engage in unethical and manipulative behaviors to attain their goals, as a predictor of follower state inauthenticity. Drawing on the social misfit argument, we examined a model in which leader Mach, jointly with a perceived collectivistic work climate, determines follower state inauthenticity and subsequent work withdrawal.MethodWe used a vignette‐based lab study (303 participants from the United States) and a daily diary field study (476 daily responses from 69 participants recruited from China).ResultsAcross two studies, we found that follower state inauthenticity mediated the relationship between leader Mach and follower work withdrawal. The positive relationship between leader Mach and follower state inauthenticity was strengthened by a perceived collectivistic work climate.ConclusionsThe present research underlines the importance of the social environment in influencing follower state inauthenticity at work and shifts research attention from the consequences of state inauthenticity to its predictors.
The clashing nature of rebelliousness: Nontraditional attitudes and counter‐normative behaviors show divergent associations with intelligence
Authors: Isen Joshua D. , Ludeke Steven G. , Foster Joshua D. , McGue Matt K. , Iacono William G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivePrior literature indicates that nontraditional attitudes are linked to higher intelligence. However, such attitudes in adolescence often accompany counter‐normative, delinquent‐type behaviors, which are themselves negatively linked with intelligence. This points to the possibility of suppression in the relationship between intelligence and nontraditional attitudes.MethodWe analyzed a large community sample of 17 year olds (N = 3330) with data on intelligence, nontraditional attitudes, and a diverse collection of self‐ and teacher‐reported counter‐normative behaviors. Developmental questions for these relationships were examined through cross‐sectional comparisons between the adolescents and their parents as well as longitudinal analysis of the adolescent sample across emerging adulthood.ResultsYouth who endorsed nontraditional attitudes had lower school grades, earlier age at first sex, heavier substance use, and were perceived as more oppositional by their teachers. Each of these problem behaviors was inversely related to intelligence. Accordingly, the positive correlation between nontraditional attitudes and intelligence was much weaker in adolescents as compared to their middle‐aged parents. Longitudinal analyses revealed that the association between nontraditional attitudes and intelligence strengthens in early adulthood.ConclusionsAssociations between intelligence and sociopolitical attitudes can be obscured even by seemingly distal psychological characteristics.
The impact of olfactory training using a nasal clip and extended periods of odor exposure
Authors: Mahmut Mehmet K. , Oelschlägel Annegret , Haehner Antje , Hummel Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe standard olfactory training (OT) protocol involves briefly sniffing four different odors, twice per day, for 12 weeks and significantly increases olfactory function. The current study's aim was to explore the effectiveness of enhancing olfactory function using a new OT methodology, specifically, presenting odors over a longer exposure period. Participants were 50 patients with smell loss (25 idiopathic and 25 sinonasal) who wore an odorized nasal clip for 3 hr per day, for 4 weeks. The results showed that only idiopathic patients experienced a significant increase in odor discrimination after OT. Acoustic rhinometric measurements of nasal cavity surface area and volume, CO2 threshold scores, and self‐reported olfactory function did not significantly change. While the results provide limited support for the effectiveness of using a nasal clip for OT, research that more fully explores the factors that are associated with enhancing olfactory function (e.g., number of odors and exposure duration) is required to determine its effectiveness more conclusively.Practical ApplicationAlthough the current findings provide limited support, it remains possible that varying the hours of daily exposure, the duration of treatment and number of odors may make using an odorized nasal clip an effective, novel, and convenient olfactory training method to improving olfactory function.
Community water fluoridation and the integrity of equitable public health infrastructure
Authors: Zokaie Tooka , Pollick Howard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCommunity water fluoridation is a population health program that is in a unique position to equitably prevent dental caries across all socioeconomic groups. A review of the 76‐year long history of community water fluoridation shows that the challenges to expanding this program persist despite continued evidence of its efficacy. We offer dental health practitioners an opportunity to share the evidence of this oral disease prevention program with the communities they serve. While dental caries is still the most prevalent chronic disease that disproportionately effects lower socioeconomic status communities, community water fluoridation continues to decrease cavities by 25% at the population level. COVID‐19 has reaffirmed the importance of disease prevention and valuing public health infrastructure. There is a continued need for community water fluoridation to offer equitable access to oral disease prevention interventions.
Biogeography, timing, and life‐history traits in the PPAM clade: Coleanthinae (syn. Puccinelliinae), Poinae, Alopecurinae superclade, Miliinae, and Avenulinae and Phleinae (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae)
Authors: Soreng Robert J. , Gillespie Lynn J. , Boudko Ekaterina A. , Cabi Evren 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe conducted a biogeographic analysis of the PPAM clade of Poeae Plastid DNA Group 2, which includes 12 subtribes of C3 grasses. One hundred and eighty‐four species sampled represent 42 of 43 accepted genera and taxonomic diversity in large genera. We analyzed plastid sequences of matK, trnC‐rpoB, and trnT‐trnL‐trnF using BEAST to produce a dated tree and MrBayes to produce a Bayesian tree, on which we ran Bayesian‐Binary‐Markov‐Chain analyses on a worldwide biogeographic data set of 12 areas. PPAM split in southwestern Asia into subtribe Coleanthinae and PAM clades in the Early Miocene. PAM diversified rapidly in the Middle Miocene in southwestern Asia into four monogeneric lineages, Avenulinae, Phleinae, Miliinae, Poinae, and the Alopecurinae superclade (seven subtribes with 27 genera). In the Late Miocene, Pliocene, and mostly Pleistocene, the latter four lineages diversified and dispersed across Eurasia and established in North America. Dispersals to the southern hemisphere occurred in the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Annuals occur in 15 Mediterranean and southwestern Asia genera, but in few genera in other regions. Beyond phylogenetically isolated annual species dating to the Miocene, all other annuals evolved in the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Cold tolerance is high among perennial species, many occurring in the alpine, nine genera ranging into the Arctic. We suggest that alpine and subalpine habitats were ancestral. High tolerance of saline and alkaline conditions arose between the Pliocene and Pleistocene in Coleanthinae, Alopecurinae, Poinae, Hookerochloinae, Beckmanniinae, and Arctopoa. Combinations are proposed for Cornucopiae alopecuroides in Alopecurus and for Paracolpodium colchicum in Hyalopodium. A nothogenus × Catanellia is proposed for Catabrosa × Puccinellia.