bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An upgraded 2D nanosheet-based FRET biosensor: insights into avoiding background and eliminating effects of background fluctuations
Authors: Jia Suli , Wang Chengquan , Qian Jing , Zhang Xingcai , Cui Haining , Zhang Qi , Tian Yunmeng , Hao Nan , Wei Jie , Wang Kun 
Published: December 2021

We demonstrate a new class of 2D nanosheet-based FRET biosensor utilizing Fe3O4@MoS2 hybrids. This upgraded biosensor can avoid the background signal of the system and eliminate the effects of background fluctuations.
Cell3: a new vision for study of the endomembrane system in mammalian cells
Authors: Mysior Margaritha M. , Simpson Jeremy C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The endomembrane system of mammalian cells provides massive capacity for the segregation of biochemical reactions into discrete locations. The individual organelles of the endomembrane system also require the ability to precisely transport material between these compartments in order to maintain cell homeostasis; this process is termed membrane traffic. For several decades, researchers have been systematically identifying and dissecting the molecular machinery that governs membrane trafficking pathways, with the overwhelming majority of these studies being carried out in cultured cells growing as monolayers. In recent years, a number of methodological innovations have provided the opportunity for cultured cells to be grown as 3-dimensional (3D) assemblies, for example as spheroids and organoids. These structures have the potential to better replicate the cellular environment found in tissues and present an exciting new opportunity for the study of cell function. In this mini-review, we summarize the main methods used to generate 3D cell models and highlight emerging studies that have started to use these models to study basic cellular processes. We also describe a number of pieces of work that potentially provide the basis for adaptation for deeper study of how membrane traffic is coordinated in multicellular assemblies. Finally, we comment on some of the technological challenges that still need to be overcome if 3D cell biology is to become a mainstream tool toward deepening our understanding of the endomembrane system in mammalian cells.
Commentary on Urinary l-erythro-β-hydroxyasparagine: a novel serine racemase inhibitor and substrate of the Zn2+-dependent d-serine dehydratase
Authors: Tamaki Fabio K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The analysis of the urine contents can be informative of physiological homoeostasis, and it has been speculated that the levels of urinary d-serine (d-ser) could inform about neurological and renal disorders. By analysing the levels of urinary d-ser using a d-ser dehydratase (DSD) enzyme, Ito et al. (Biosci. Rep.(2021) 41, BSR20210260) have described abundant levels of l-erythro-β-hydroxyasparagine (l-β-EHAsn), a non-proteogenic amino acid which is also a newly described substrate for DSD. The data presented support the endogenous production l-β-EHAsn, with its concentration significantly correlating with the concentration of creatinine in urine. Taken together, these results could raise speculations that l-β-EHAsn might have unexplored important biological roles. It has been demonstrated that l-β-EHAsn also inhibits serine racemase with Ki values (40 μM) similar to its concentration in urine (50 μM). Given that serine racemase is the enzyme involved in the synthesis of d-ser, and l-β-EHAsn is also a substrate for DSD, further investigations could verify if this amino acid would be involved in the metabolic regulation of pathways involving d-ser.
Biometrics and the metaphysics of personal identity
Authors: Kind Amy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe vast advances in biometrics over the past several decades have brought with them a host of pressing concerns. Philosophical scrutiny has already been devoted to many of the relevant ethical and political issues, especially ones arising from matters of privacy, bias, and security in data collection. But philosophers have devoted surprisingly little attention to the relevant metaphysical issues, in particular, ones concerning matters of personal identity. This paper aims to take some initial steps to correct this oversight. After discussing the philosophical problem of personal identity, the ways in which the notion of biometric identity connects with, or fails to connect with, the philosophical notion of personal identity is explored. Though there may be some good reasons to use biometric identity to track personal identity, it is contended that biometric identity is not the same thing as personal identity and thus that biometrics researchers should stop talking as if it were.
A deep learning‐based low complexity approach for joint transceiver beamforming
Authors: Wang Yibiao , Shi Junchao , Wang Wenjin , Gao Xiqi , Wu Ye 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, massive multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) wireless communication systems are considered to investigate joint transceiver beamforming. A base station (BS) equipped with a uniform planar array (UPA) serves several multi‐antennas users in a single cell. Based on the channel state information (CSI), the low complexity design of transceiver beamforming to minimize the transmit power subject to some quality of service (QoS) constraints is investigated. As the upper bound of the transmit power performance, the existing iteration‐based algorithms are leveraged as a reference. A general deep learning (DL)‐based framework and deep neural network (DNN) structure are proposed to reduce the complexity of the existing algorithms, where the properly trained DNN structure can learn directly from CSI. Consider the complexity of the DNN structure itself, a heuristic algorithm is proposed to replace the DNN structure, which takes the max‐eigenvalue‐eigenvector of the CSI as the direction of receive beamforming directly. The DNN structure is trained in the offline stage, therefore, only the complexity in the online stage is taken into consideration. Based on the numerical simulation, the complexity of the proposed DL‐based framework and the transceiver beamforming algorithms is reduced significantly while maintaining nearly the optimal performance compared with the existing iterative algorithms.
Impact of the ridge etching‐depth on GaSb‐based laser diodes
Authors: Monge‐Bartolome Laura , Cerutti Laurent , Tournié Eric 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe have fabricated from the same epitaxial wafer series of GaSb‐based Fabry–Pérot laser diodes emitting near 2.3 μm with different ridge etching‐depths. The analysis of the device performances allows quantifying the detrimental impact of deep ridge etching. The threshold current density is increased, whereas the external differential quantum efficiency is reduced, due to a reduced internal quantum efficiency and higher optical losses.
A reliable and straightforward index to avoid nuisance trip of the conventional Z‐based loss‐of‐field relay in synchronous generators
Authors: Rostami Ali , Rezaei Navid 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe conventional impedance (Z)‐based relay which is the well‐known relay to preserve the power plant's synchronous generator (PPSG) against loss of field (LOF) accident may fail during some stable power swing (SPS); on the other hand, most of the previously introduced schemes may fail during the happening of hybrid events. In this paper to overcome the raised problems, a straightforward index is developed for reliable detection of the hybrid events, and it is combined with an AND‐logic cluster with the Z‐relay to avoid its spurious trip during SPS events. The reactive power (QSG) of the faulty PPSG is continuously decreased during LOF, while it oscillates under both SPS and hybrid events, leading to non‐detection of the hybrid event. Hence, using the integral operator and arithmetic mean value are suggested to eliminate the swinging variations of QSG as a Z‐relay blocking function (ZRBF). Thus, QSG decreases during both LOF and hybrid events and does not decrease under SPS events. Therefore, by combination of ZRBF with the Z‐relay, the PPSG is properly tripped out during the both LOF and hybrid events, and wrong tripping under SPS is reliably hindered. The reliable performance of developed scheme is completely approved thorough performed simulation studies.
The spectrally modulated self-coherent camera (SM-SCC): Increasing throughput for focal-plane wavefront sensing
Authors: Haffert S. Y. 
Published: December 2021

Context.The detection and characterization of Earth-like exoplanets is one of the major science drivers for the next generation of telescopes. Direct imaging of the planets will play a major role in observations. Current direct imaging instruments are limited by evolving non-common path aberrations (NCPAs). The NCPAs have to be compensated for by using the science focal-plane image. A promising sensor is the self-coherent camera (SCC). An SCC adds a pinhole to the Lyot stop in the coronagraph to introduce a probe electric field. The pinhole has to be separated by at least 1.5 times the pupil size to separate the NCPA speckles from the probe electric field. However, such a distance lets through very little light, which makes it difficult to use an SCC at high speed or on faint targets.Aims.A spectrally modulated self-coherent camera (SM-SCC) is proposed as a solution to the throughput problem. The SM-SCC uses a pinhole with a spectral filter and a dichroic beam splitter, which creates images with and without the probe electric field. This allows the pinhole to be placed closer to the pupil edge and increases the throughput. Combining the SM-SCC with an integral field unit (IFU) can be used to apply more complex modulation patterns to the pinhole and the Lyot stop. A modulation scheme with at least three spectral channels can be used to change the pinhole to an arbitrary aperture with higher throughput. This adds an additional degree of freedom in the design of the SM-SCC.Methods.The performance of the SM-SCC is investigated analytically and through numerical simulations.Results.Numerical simulations show that the SM-SCC increases the pinhole throughput by a factor of 32, which increases the wavefront sensor sensitivity by a factor of 5.7. The reconstruction quality of the sensor is tested by varying the central wavelength of the spectral channels. A smaller separation between the wavelength channels leads to better results. The SM-SCC reaches a contrast of 1 × 10−9for bright targets in closed-loop control with the presence of photon noise, phase errors, and amplitude errors. The contrast floor on fainter targets is photon-noise-limited and reaches 1 × 10−7. The SM-SCC with an IFU can handle randomly generated reference field apertures. For bright targets, the SM-SCC-IFU reaches a contrast of 3 × 10−9in closed-loop control with photon noise, amplitude errors, and phase errors.Conclusions.The SM-SCC is a promising focal-plane wavefront sensor for systems that use multiband observations, either through integral field spectroscopy or dual-band imaging.
Adipositas bei Kindern – die Rolle des Hungerhormons Leptin
Authors: Wabitsch Martin 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungAnlässlich der 6. Deutschen Hormonwoche, die von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Endokrinologie e. V. (DGE) vom 18. bis 25. September 2021 ausgerichtet wurde, gab Prof. Dr. Martin Wabitsch vom Universitätsklinikum Ulm einen Überblick über den Einfluss von Leptin im Zusammenhang mit kindlicher Adipositas.
Nährstoffversorgung in Deutschland und Auswirkung auf die Gesundheit
Authors: Eggersdorfer Manfred , Schettler Thomas 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungBetrachtet man die Ernährungssituation der allgemeinen Bevölkerung in Deutschland, so zeigt sich, dass die Menschen zwar gut mit Nahrungsmitteln versorgt sind, aber keinen „guten“ Lebensstil bezüglich Bewegung, Körpergewicht und der Zufuhr von essenziellen Mikronährstoffen haben. Dasselbe gilt auch für bestimmte Risikogruppen wie Ältere, Schwangere oder Personen mit chronischen Erkrankungen. Eine gute Nährstoffversorgung wirkt sich jedoch auf viele Lebensbereiche aus, z. B. dem Schutz vor kardiometabolischen Erkrankungen, Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 oder auch der Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Infektionen und allgemeine physische und psychische Stressoren.
Arbeitsplatz OP-Saal – Was muss der Chirurg über die Arbeitsmedizin wissen?
Authors: Darius Sabine , Heinemann Franziska , Meyer Frank , Boeckelmann Irina 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der Chirurgie gibt es zahlreiche Gesundheitsgefährdungen für das Personal.Ziel des Artikels ist, die Risiken für die Gesundheit und die Arbeitsfähigkeit des chirurgischen Personals und die Möglichkeiten für die Verbesserung des Arbeitsschutzes im Sinne der
Verhaltens- und Verhältnisprävention sowie der Sekundär- und Tertiärprävention vor allem im Hinblick auf die Zusammenarbeit mit dem Betriebsarzt am Beispiel des Arbeitsplatzes OP-Saal
aufzuzeigen.Die narrative Kurzübersicht basiert auf eigenen arbeitsmedizinischen, chirurgischen und interdisziplinären Erfahrungen aus der täglichen Praxis und selektiven Referenzen der aktuellen
medizinisch-wissenschaftlichen Literatur.Die mögliche tätigkeitsbedingte Gesundheitsgefährdung und die Risiken für die Arbeitsfähigkeit des medizinischen Personals sowie die Möglichkeiten für den Arbeitsschutz im Sinne der
Verhaltens- und Verhältnisprävention sind eine bedeutsame, nicht zu unterschätzende (da teils auch gesetzlich vorgeschriebene) Angelegenheit im interdisziplinären Status der Chirurgie. Vor
allem den Berührungspunkten zur Arbeitsmedizin muss sich diese Disziplin (neben eigenem Kenntniserwerb von chirurgischer Seite) verantwortungsvoll widmen.
Varianten der Geschlechtsentwicklung im Sport: Eine medizinische Bewertung der Regelung des Internationalen Leichtathletikverbands (IAAF) zur Teilnahme intergeschlechtlicher Leichtathlet_innen an offiziellen Wettkämpfen
Authors: Gollnast Lisa-Jane , Richter-Appelt Hertha , Schweizer Katinka 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungVon Intergeschlechtlichkeit oder Varianten der Geschlechtsentwicklung (VdG) spricht man, wenn sich die geschlechtsspezifischen Merkmale des Körpers untypisch entwickeln. Im Rahmen der VdG können bei Sportler_innen erhöhte Testosteronspiegel vorliegen. Da Testosteron im Sport als leistungssteigernd angesehen wird, gilt für Athletinnen mit VdG aktuell ein Testosterongrenzwert von 5 nmol/l. Bei Überschreitung dieses Grenzwertes schreibt der Internationale Leichtathletikverband (IAAF) eine medikamentöse Testosteronsenkung vor, ansonsten wird die betroffene Athletin für offizielle Wettläufe der Frauen auf der Mittelstrecke gesperrt. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Bewertung dieser Regelung aus medizinischer Sicht. Zu diesem Zweck erfolgten eine Literaturrecherche sowie zwei Experteninterviews mit einem Endokrinologen und einem Sportmediziner. Sowohl die Interviewpartner als auch Autor_innen anderer Veröffentlichungen lehnen die aktuelle Regelung des IAAF ab. Doch über ein alternatives Vorgehen bei der Eingliederung intergeschlechtlicher Athlet_innen besteht noch Unklarheit.
Exercise Training Increases Serum Cardiac Troponin T Independent of
Left Ventricular Mass
Authors: Kong Zhaowei , Zhang Haifeng , Nie Jinlei , Wen Li , Shi Qingde , Ng San Fan , Huang Chuanye , George Keith 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise training mediated
cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and whether this was associated with increases in left
ventricular mass (LVM). Fifty-four sedentary obese women were randomised to
high-intensity interval training (HIIT, repeated 4–min cycling at
90% V̇O2max interspersed with 3–min rest),
work-equivalent continuous aerobic training (CAT, continuous cycling at
60% V̇O2max) or a control group (CON). Resting serum
cTnT was assessed using a high-sensitivity assay before and after 12 weeks of
training. LVM was determined from 2D echocardiography at the same timepoints.
Both HIIT and CAT induced a similar elevation (median 3.07 to
3.76 ng.l−1, p<0.05) in resting
cTnT compared with pre-training and the CON (3.49 to
3.45 ng.l−1, p>0.05). LVM index in
HIIT increased (62.2±7.8 to
73.1±14.1 g.m−2, p<0.05),
but not in CAT (66.1±9.7 to
67.6±9.6 g.m−2, p>0.05)
and CON (67.9±9.5 to 70.2±9.1 g.m−2,
p>0.05). Training-induced changes in resting cTnT did not
correlate with changes in LVM index (r=−0.025,
p=0.857). These findings suggest that twelve weeks of either HIIT
or CAT increased resting cTnT, but the effects were independent of any changes
in LVM in sedentary obese women.
Post-Covid und Komplementärmedizin in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Brunnhuber Stefan , Michalsen Andreas 
Published: December 2021

SummaryNicht nur die Intensivstationen, sondern auch die psychiatrischen Einrichtungen haben mit den Folgen der Corona-Pandemie zu kämpfen. Sowohl die Kollateralschäden der Pandemie als auch die Virusinfektion selbst haben Auswirkungen auf Körper und Seele. Menschen, bei denen auch nach durchgemachter Infektion noch Post- oder Long-Covid-Symptome bestehen, leiden häufig unter Beschwerden wie einer geringen körperlichen Belastbarkeit, Fatigue, kognitiven Einschränkungen und Fehlregulationen des autonomen Nervensystems. Im Bereich der Komplementärmedizin kommen unter anderem achtsamkeitsbasierte und bewegungsgestützte Programme zum Einsatz, um die Symptome der Patienten zu behandeln.
Regulation of the Effect of Physical Activity Through MicroRNAs in
Breast Cancer
Authors: Hong Bok Sil 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhysical activity and exercise can induce beneficial molecular and biological
regulations that have been associated with an incidence of various diseases,
including breast cancer. Recent studies demonstrated that the potential links
between physical activity-induced circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) and cancer risk
and progression. Here, we investigated whether altered miRNAs by exercise could
influence breast cancer progression. After primary searching in PubMed and
reviewing the full-text papers, candidate miRNAs altered by exercise in breast
cancer were identified. Analysis of expression profiles and clinical outcomes of
altered miRNAs using The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets showed altered miRNAs
expressions were significantly associated with the patient's prognosis,
whereas prognostic values of each miRNA varied in different stages and subtypes.
In addition, altered miRNAs profiles regulated various target genes and key
signaling pathways in tumorigenesis, including pathways in cancer and the
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway; however, miRNAs regulated the expression of target
genes differently according to tumor stages and subtypes. These results indicate
that circulating miRNAs are promising noninvasive stable biomarkers for early
detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring the response to clinical
therapies of breast cancer. Moreover, stages and subtype-stratified approaches
for breast cancer progression would be needed to evaluate the prognostic value
of miRNAs for biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Mehr Gelassenheit und weniger Konflikte im Büro
Authors: Rieken Christian 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungAllmählich kehrt Normalität in das Arbeitsleben zurück und Arbeitnehmer lassen die Homeoffice-Ära teilweise hinter sich. Persönlichen Kontakt gab es während der Zeit im Homeoffice kaum bis gar nicht. Zurück im Büro- oder Praxisalltag treffen nun wieder verschiedene Menschen aufeinander, wodurch immer wieder Konflikte und Zusammenstöße entstehen.
Flora und Fauna: Unterstützer bei der Bewältigung psychischer Erkrankungen
Authors: Steffes-Holländer Sven 
Published: December 2021

SummaryDer Aufenthalt in der Natur hat viele positive Effekte auf den Körper und die Seele des Menschen. Wissenschaftliche Studien belegen, dass Aktivitäten in der Natur unter anderem den Stressabbau unterstützen und die kognitiven Fähigkeiten verbessern können. Daher wird Naturtherapie auch zur Behandlung von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen eingesetzt.Ähnliche Effekte zeigt die tiergestützte Therapie. Sie kommt in vielen klinischen Bereichen zum Einsatz. Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die Interaktion mit Tieren eine Stressreduktion sowie eine Verringerung von Ängsten und depressiven Symptomen bewirken kann.
Modern Synthesis and Chemistry of Stabilized Ketene N,O-Acetals
Authors: Willand-Charnley Rachel , Paris Timothy J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractKetene N,O-acetals are robust and versatile synthons. Herein, we outline the synthesis of stable ketene N,O-acetals in the twenty-first century. In addition, we review recent developments in the chemistry of ketene N,O-acetals, as it applies to the vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction, electrolysis, and pericyclic transformations. While dated reports rely on in situ use, modern methods of ketene N,O-acetal synthesis are heavily oriented towards producing products with high ‘bench’ stability; moreover, in the present century, chemists typically enhance the stability of ketene N,O-acetals by positioning an electron-withdrawing group at the β-terminus or at the N-position. As propitious substrates in the vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction, ketene N,O-acetals readily provide polyketide adducts with high regioselectivity. When exposed to electrolysis conditions, the title functional group forms a reactive radical cation and cleanly couples with a variety of activated olefins. Given their electron-rich nature, ketene N,O-acetals act as facile substrates in several rearrangement reactions; further, ketene N,O-acetals reserve the ability to act as either dienophiles or dienes in Diels–Alder reactions. Lastly, ketene N,O-acetals are seemingly more stable than their O,O-counterparts and more reactive than analogous N,N- or S,S-acetals; these factors, in combination, make ketene N,O-acetals advantageous substitutes for other ketene acetal homologues.1	Introduction2	Select Methods of Stabilization-Oriented Ketene N,O-Acetal Synthesis3	Ketene N,O-Acetals in the Vinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction4	Ketene N,O-Acetals in Anodic Coupling and Electrochemical Oxidation Reactions5	Rearrangement and Diels–Alder Reactions of Ketene N,O-Acetals6	Conclusions, Perspectives, and Directions