bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Erbium:YAG Laser in the Treatment of Palpebral Xanthelasmas
Authors: Mannino Giuseppe , Papale Antonio , De Bella Francesco , Mollo Roberto , Morgia Paolo , Gabrieli Corrado Balacco 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: In light of the research and the use of lasers in the therapy of xanthelasmas, the authors report their experience in the treatment of this pathology with Erbium: YAG laser.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 30 patients» all female, 70 xanthelasmas were treated with Erbium:YAG laser, 65 (93%) of which were on the upper eyelid and 5 (7%) on the lower eyelid, varying from 1X1.5 mm to 1 1 X 20 mm in size. Spots with a diameter of 1.6 mm, energy of 300 mj, frequency of 1 -5 Hz and in a number varying were used in relation to the extent of the pathology.
* RESULTS: In all cases, the appearance and functional results were good, without leaving scars and/or dyschromia.
* CONCLUSIONS: Erbium:YAG laser, in the treatment of xanthelasmas, is a parasurgical method that is simple to perform and because of the successful aesthetic and functional results, is a valid alternative to the more traditional treatment methods.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:129-133]
GGRGDSPCA Peptide: A New Antiscarring Agent on Glaucoma Filtration Surgery
Authors: Avila Marcel , Ortiz Gabriel , Lozano Jose M , Franco Pedro , Patarroyo Manuel E 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: GGRGDSPCA synthetic peptide competes for integrin receptor in scar formation after glaucoma filtering surgery in a rabbit model. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of this peptide and compare it with mitomycin on glaucoma filtering surgery.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Posterior sclerectomy was performed in both eyes of 17 rabbits. The right eye received GGRGDSPCA (p605) at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 days after. Nine left eyes received saline as a control; the remaining 8 eyes received mitomycin C at 0.5 mg/mL intraoperative. Intraocular pressures and biomicroscopy were evaluated as well as bleb function.
* RESULTS: Intraocular pressure decreased significantly in both the peptide and mitomycin treated eyes in comparison with the saline group (P = 0.0003). Pressure was similar in both groups. The blebs showed filtrating function in a functional analysis at day 21 and 41 in the mitomycin cases as well as in the peptide group. Histologic analysis performed in both peptide and mitomycin groups showed inhibitory effect in fibrocellular and collagen organization with bleb formation.
* CONCLUSIONS: The p605 peptide showed to be similar to mitomycin C in controlling and improving glaucoma filtering surgery in rabbits. This alternative may potentially be useful for similar purposes in humans for the control of glaucoma and improvement of filtering surgery.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:134-139]
Postoperative Complications Following Vitrectomy for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy with Sew-On and Noncontact Wide-Angle Viewing Lenses
Authors: Virata Steven R , Kylstra Jan A 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the occurrence of vitreous hemorrhages and retinal detachments following vitrectomy surgery with sew-on lenses to a noncontact wide-angle lens system.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 180 patients who underwent primary vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The occurrence of persistent and recurrent vitreous hemorrhages as well as postoperative retinal detachments in the two groups was determined.
* RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of persistent vitreous hemorrhages between the sew-on (55%) and the wideangle (42%) lens systems (P= 0.099). Likewise, recurrent vitreous hemorrhages were similar in both the sew-on (15%) and the wide-angle (17%) lens systems (P = 0.838). However, postoperative detachments were more frequent in the sew-on group (9%) than in the wide-angle (1%) group (P= 0.046).
* CONCLUSION: In patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, using a wide-angle noncontact lens system significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative retinal detachments, but not persistent or recurrent vitreous hemorrhages.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:193-197]
Traumatic Wound Dehiscence After Corneal Graft
Authors: Oshry Tzafrir , Lifshitz Tova 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Any trau ma to a corneal transplanted eye is likely to lacerate the corneal wound because of persistent wound weakness, even years after keratoplasty. We evaluate the risks and consequences oí trauma after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP).
* METHODS: Records of 1 1 patients who had been treated in our department from 1992 to 1998 for traumatic wound dehiscence after PKP were reviewed for the type of insult, visual acuity, operative methods, and outcome.
* RESULTS: The period between corneal grafting and wound rupture ranged from two months to three years. In 9 patients, the sutures were still in place. AU the ruptures occurred at the donor-recipient interface. In 5 patients, the rupture was in the inferior half of the wound, in another 5 patients in the superior half, and in 1 patient it was nasal. In all the patients, the extent of the rupture was over 120 degrees and the lens was effected. All the patients had posterior segment involvement, the extent of which was related to the visual outcome. One eye was enucleated, another eye regrafted, and 8 of the remaining 9 grafts were restored and remained transparent.
* CONCLUSIONS: Despite severe trauma, most of the grafts' clarity can be restored, and good visual results can be achieved.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001 ,-32:470-473]
Outcomes of Bilateral Macular Hole Surgery
Authors: Tabandeh Homayoun , Smiddy William E , Mello Mozart , Flynn Harry W , Feuer William J 
Published: April 2021

ACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Char acteristics and outcomes in patients undergoing macular hole surgery in both eyes are studied.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from patients' medical records for a retrospective study of 31 consecutive patients (62 eyes) who underwent macular hole surgery in both eyes between 1992-1998. Outcome measures included best corrected Snellen visual acuity and status of the macular hole 3 months after surgery.
RESULTS: The duration of symptoms was 5.5 months at the time of surgery in the first eye and 9.8 months in the second operated eye (P = 0.063). The macular hole was closed after surgery in both eyes (17), only in the first eye (6), only in the second eye (6), and not closed in either eye (2) (P = 0.9) (46/62, 74% eyes overall). With reoperation 55/62 (89%) were closed. In eyes with a closed macular hole, the visual acuity improved 2 or more lines in 20 (88%) first eyes and 12 (52%) of the second eyes (P = 0.02). Cataract surgery was performed in 12 (41%) first eyes and 13 (45%) second eyes within 1 year of the initial macular hole surgery. The occurrence of cataract surgery in the second eye correlated with the first eye (P= 0.017).
CONCLUSION: Macular hole surgery is usually successful in one or both eyes. Surgical results in the second eye do not appear to correlate with the results in the first eye.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002:33:9-15]
Implantation of Second Glaucoma Drainage Devices After Failure of Primary Devices
Authors: Godfrey David G , Krishna Rohit , Greenfield David S , Budenz Donald L , Gedde Steven J , Scott Ingrid U 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of implantation of a second glaucoma drainage device for eyes that have failed a primary device.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Medical records of patients receiving a primary glaucoma drainage device at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute from January 1987 to October 1998 were reviewed, of which 18 eyes of 18 patients were studied. Patients failing a primary glaucoma drainage procedure and receiving a second glaucoma drainage device were included in this study. The second eye in the same patient was excluded if a second drainage implant was required. All patients received a second device in a standardized fashion with the drainage tube inserted in the anterior chamber. Main outcome measures included: visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), antiglaucomatous medication, length of follow up, and surface area of glaucoma drainage device. Success was defined as an IOP less than or equal to 2 1 mm Hg with or without medications, and at least a 20% reduction in IOP, without the need for additional glaucoma procedures.
RESULTS: The mean postoperative IOP (19.6 ± 9.4 mm Hg; range, 8-50 mm Hg) was significantly (P = 0.006) lower than the mean preoperative IOP (29.5 ± 8. 1 mm Hg; range, 20-52 mm Hg) at last follow up (mean 19.6 ± 13.6 months; range, 6-47 months). The mean number of postoperative antiglaucomatous medications (2.2 ± 1.2; range 0-4) was statistically similar (P = 0.2) to mean preoperative number of antiglaucomatous medications (2.6 ± 1.2, range 1-4). Using Kaplan-Meier estimates, successful IOP reduction was observed in 89%, 83%, 63%, and 37% of eyes at 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Four patients (21%) had a decline in visual acuity.
CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of secondary glaucoma drainage devices may be useful in eyes that have failed primary devices.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:37-43]
Clinical Applications of Capsular Tension Rings in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Gimbel Howard V , Sun Ran 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: Although the open capsular tension ring was designed to manage zonular dialysis during cataract surgery, it also lowers the incidence of capsule contraction, stabilizes the capsular bag, and enhances IOL centration. With appendages, it provides a partial solution for those eyes with colobomata and aniridia.
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Subsequent modifications to the capsular tension ring include the Cionni ring, capsular edge ring, coloboma ring, and aniridia ring. A square-edge design may inhibit posterior capsule opacification, and the aniridia and coloboma rings with appendages create an artificial it is in traumatic or congenital colobomata.
RESULTS: Designs, functions, indications, and results of different types of capsular tension rings are reviewed, as well as applications in pediatric cases, and considerations for their routine use in adult cataract surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: The potential benefits of capsular edge ring implantation in pediatric cataract surgery cases are explored. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 200233:44-53]
Intranasal Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment in Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Choi Woong C , Kim Kyu S , Park Tae K , Chung Chun Suk 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To identify the causes of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction using intranasal endoscopy.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eleven children with symptoms of epiphora since birth were selected for treatment. A silicone tube was inserted after identifying the causes of prior probing failures by observing the probing tip directly with intranasal endoscopy.
* RESULTS: As confirmed through intranasal endoscopic examination, tearing was caused by mucosal obstruction, submucosal passing of the probe, pus collection, and inferior turbinate impaction. The probe passed into the submucosal space in 5 patients and, by performing probing medially instead in the usual posterolateral direction, probing succeeded in 4 patients. One case was accompanied by a bone abnormality; we bent the probe tip into the nasal cavity to form the lacrimal pathway.
* CONCLUSION: By using intranasal endoscopy, a silicone tube can be inserted under direct visualization and any causative abnormalities can be identified. This can also minimize the intranasal trauma sometimes caused by blind probing.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:288-292]
Surgical Treatment of Hereditary Lens Subluxations
Authors: Ozdek Sengul , Sari Ayca , Bilgihan Kamil , Akata Fikret , Hasanreisoglu Berati 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and results of pars plana vitreolensectomy approach with transscleral fixation of intraocular lens in hereditary lens subluxations.
* METHODS: Fifteen eyes of 9 consecutive patients with a mean age of 12. 8 ±6.2 years (6-26 years) with hereditary lens subluxation were operated on and the results were evaluated in a prospective study. Surgery was considered if best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was less than 20/70. All eyes underwent a 2port pars plana vitreolensectomy and transscleral fixation of an intraocular lens (IOL).
* RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 12.6 ±7.5 months (6-22 months). There was no major intraoperative complication. Preoperatively, 8 eyes (53.3%) had a BSCVA of counting fingers (CF) and 7 eyes (46.6%) had a BSCVA of 20/200 to 20/70. Postoperatively, 14 eyes (93.3%) had a BSCVA of 20/50 or better. None of the patients had IOL decentration or intraocular pressure (IOP) increase during the follow-up period. There was a macular hole formation in 1 eye postoperatively.
* CONCLUSIONS: The early results of pars plana vitreolensectomy with IOL implantation using scleral fixation technique had shown that it not only promises a rapid visual rehabilitation but it is also a relatively safe method. More serious complications, however, may occur in the long term.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:309-313]
Management of Pseudophakic Retinal Detachment With Undetectable Retinal Breaks
Authors: Wu Wen-Chuan , Chen Ming-Tsong , Hsu Sheng-Yao , Chang Chi-Wu 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Difficulties encountered during the repair of Pseudophakic retinal detachment are related to difficulties in peripheral retinal visualization and identification of retinal breaks. The implication of nonvisualized breaks in patients with Pseudophakic retinal detachment is associated with lower rates of surgical success. This report decribes the results of a prospective trial to evaluate the efficacy of both scleral buckling surgery in the treatment of Pseudophakic retinal detachment with undetected retinal breaks and pars plana vitrectomy techniques in the management of the cases that redetected after primary buckling surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study represents 25 cases of Pseudophakic retinal detachment with undiagnosed retinal breaks. In each case, we performed a scleral buckling that extended over the circumference of the retinal detachment. Pars plana vitrectomy with internal subretinal fluid drainage and long-term tamponade were performed on 7 patients with uncomplicated recurrent retinal detachments after primary buckling surgery. The mean duration of follow up was 32 months.
* RESULTS: There were 25 eyes (24.5%) of Pseudophakic retinal detachment with undiagnosed retinal breaks represented in our Pseudophakic retinal detachment cases. Anatomic success was achieved after the initial scleral buckling surgery in 18 eyes (72%). The overall success rate was 92%. The visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 8 patients (32%), 20/80 to 20/40 in 6 patients (24%), 5/200 to 20/80 in 7 patients (28%), and light perception to hand movement in 4 patients (16%). Complications included vitreous hemorrhage, macular pucker, cystoid macular edema, and hypotony with proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
* CONCLUSION: Scleral buckling surgery in conjunction with cryotherapy is effective in the initial treatment of Pseudophakic retinal detachment with undetectable retinal breaks. Pars plana vitrectomy with internal fluid-gas exchange and long-term tamponade can be used to treat these patients with recurrent retinal detachment after primary buckling surgery to get a higher overall success rate.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:314-318]
Transsclerally Fixated Intraocular Lenses in Children
Authors: Ozmen Ahmet T , Dogru Murat , Erturk Haluk , Ozcetin Hikmet 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the visual outcome and complications of transsclerally fixated intraocular lenses (IOLs) in children without sufficient capsular support.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-one aphakic eyes of 18 children (13 boys and 5 girls) who underwent secondary transscleral IOL fixation were evaluated retrospectively. Ten eyes with aphakia after infantile cataract surgery, 7 aphakic eyes following traumatic cataract surgery, and 4 eyes after ectopia lentis surgery received secondary transscleral posterior chamber IOL fixation because of by insufficient posterior capsular support. Visual outcomes and postoperative complications were recorded.
* RESULTS: After a mean follow up of 22.5 months (range, 12 to 36 months), visual improvement of more than 2 Snellen lines was observed in 9 eyes (42.8 %). Preoperative visual acuity could not be assessed in 7 eyes (33.3%) because of associated neurological and developmental disorders. One eye (4.7%) lost 2 Snellen lines of the best corrected visual acuity because of concurrent endophthalmitis and retinal detachment. Pupillary distortion, transient pupillary membrane, pupillary capture as well as strabismus and anterior uveitis, were the most common complications. Endophthalmitis and retinal detachment were the most severe postoperative complications.
* CONCLUSION: Transsclerally fixated IOL implantation may be visually rewarding in well selected pediatric cases, but the potential complications would suggest extreme caution in its consideration. Until long-term studies are published, it is difficult to recommend implantation unless it is deemed impossible to provide adequate rehabilitation by other means such as contact lenses or aphakic spectacles.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:394-399]
Clinical Evaluation of Posterior Capsule Opacification in Eyes With Different Small-Incision Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Yoshida Shinichiro , Senoo Tadashi , Fujikake Fukumi , Obara Yoshitaka 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To present a new method to quantify posterior capsular opacity with an anterior eye segment image analyzer (EAS1000, NIDEK)
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was comprised of patients who underwent phacoemulsification intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Three types of IOLS, acrylic, silicone, and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were allocated to 30 eyes and clinically evaluated. Patients were observed for 3 years postoperatively using an anterior eye segment image analyzer (EASlOOO). Opacity was determined by calculating the area of opacity from a retroillumination image. In the retroillumination mode of analysis, the measurement was limited to a 4-mm-diameter region of the pupillary zone to eliminate the influence of anterior capsular opacity. For color map analysis, the threshold level was expressed as the color tone of 0-255 CCT (computer compatible tape). The glare disability was measured to evaluate the three types of IOLs.
* RESULTS: The color map analysis revealed a timerelated increase in the opacity level of patients receiving the PMMA IOL implant. Three years after surgery, the levels were significantly higher in the PMMA group (/*<0.01) compared to the acryl and silicone groups: acryl (17.5±3.8), silicone (18.0±6.2%), and PMMA 36.5±32.9%.
* CONCLUSION: Quantitative evaluation using an anterior eye segment image analyzer is effective for observing the degree of posterior capsule opacification. The color map analysis using an anterior eye segment image correlated with the visual function revealed that the time-related increase in the opacity level was significant during the third year in patients receiving PMMA IOL implantation.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:450-455]
Intrascleral Implantation of Glass Beads During Evisceration
Authors: Rosner Mordechai , Ben-Bassat Iris , Rosen Nachum 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To review the results after small glass bead implantation in the scleral cavity during evisceration.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, we retrieved the follow-up data of 17 patients who underwent evisceration with glass bead implantation from 1993 to 1996.
* RESULTS: All patients achieved good cosmetic results with good motility of the prosthesis. Complications included transient Chemosis at the early postoperative period in 3 patients (17.6%), 1 patient (5.9%) with local dehiscence of the wound, 1 patient developed a cyst in the socket (5.9%), and 1 patient was afflicted with thinning of the conjunctiva over the surgical wound.
* CONCLUSION: The use of glass beads to fill the scleral cavity during evisceration has the advantage of an excellent fit in accordance with the scleral cavity volume, as well as ease of treatment in case of extrusion. The prosthesis movement is good because of its engagement with the scleral bulges caused by the glass beads.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:469-474]
Tube Occlusion From the External Ostium After Implantation of an Aqueous Shunt
Authors: Bayer Atilla , Wilson Richard P , Eagle Ralph C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Two patients had undergone double-plate Mokeno shunt implantation. Both patients required surgical revision, the first at 4 1 months and the second at 8 months postoperatively, because of a failure of previously functioning tube shunts caused by blockage of the external ostium and intraluminal invasion of the tube by fibrous tissue. At the time of surgical revision, fibrous tissue extended down the lumen of the tube, occluding its external ostium. After excision of this tissue, both shunts became fiilly functional. When functioning aqueous shunts fail and there is no evidence of a bleb over the shunt reservoir or blockage of the internal ostium, ingrowth of fibrous tissue into the external ostium should be considered as a potential cause, especially if a ripcord or Latina suture has been left in place.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:493-496]
Bi-orders do not arise from total orders
Authors: Corson Samuel M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present a Zermelo–Fraenkel ($\textbf {ZF}$) consistency result regarding bi-orderability of groups. A classical consequence of the ultrafilter lemma is that a group is bi-orderable if and only if it is locally bi-orderable. We show that there exists a model of$\textbf {ZF}$plus dependent choice in which there is a group which is locally free (ergo locally bi-orderable) and not bi-orderable, and the group can be given a total order. The model also includes a torsion-free abelian group which is not bi-orderable but can be given a total order.
Minimum intervention dentistry in resource challenged practice environments
Authors: Arotiba G.T , Loto A.O , Ijarogbe O , Ajayi Y , Umesi D , Menakaya I 
Published: April 2021

This paper highlighted the clinical strategies for implementing minimum intervention dentistry (MID) in dental practice and in dental education in resource challenged practice environments (developing economies). The objectives of each of the 4 phases of minimum intervention treatment plan (MI Identify, MI Prevent, MI Restore and MI Recall) were highlighted and three levels of caries risk (Low risk, High risk and Super high risk) were adopted with the appropriate targeted preventive non restorative treatments. Three evaluation rating scales were introduced (early recall evaluation rating scale, caries control evaluation rating scale and oral health outcome evaluation rating scale) for monitoring the success or failure of counselling, the targeted preventive (non-surgical) treatments and the oral health outcome. Practitioners and academics in resource challenged practice environments should embrace MID with open minds, its goal is maximum preservation of healthy oral tissues with oral health promotion and targeted preventive non- surgical treatments as its cornerstones. Furthermore, MID is mercury free and will safeguard our environment from mercury pollution for the benefit of future generations.
Keywords: Minimum intervention dentistry, mercury free dentistry, dental practice, dental education, resource challenged practice environments