bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between stress and bilateral symmetrical alopecia in free-ranging Formosan macaques in Mt. Longevity, Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chen-Chih , Chang Ai-Mei , Tsai Ming-Shan , Huang Yen-Hua , Pei Kurtis Jai-Chyi , Li Yi-Chia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince 2013, a high incidence of bilateral symmetrical alopecia has been observed in free-ranging Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis) in Mt. Longevity, Taiwan. We hypothesized that stress induces alopecia in this population. To verify our hypothesis, we evaluated the histopathological characteristics of skin biopsy and used a validated enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) analysis, which act as an indicator of stress experienced by the individual. Follicular densities were lower (2.1–3.0 mm2) in individuals with symmetrical alopecia than in those with normal hair conditions (4.7 mm2). Furthermore, anagen to catagen/telogen ratios were lower in individuals with alopecia (0–1.4) than in those with normal hair (4.0). The histopathological characteristics of alopecia were similar to those of telogen effluvium, which indicates that stress is one of the possible etiologies. On the basis of the analytical and biological validation of EIAs for FGM analysis, 11β-hydroxyetiocholanolone was considered suitable for monitoring adrenocortical activity in both sexes of Formosan macaques. The mean concentrations (standard error; sample size) of 11β-hydroxyetiocholanolone were 2.02 (0.17; n = 10) and 1.41 (0.10; n = 31) μg/g for individuals with and without alopecia, respectively. Furthermore, the results of logistic regression analysis show that 11β-hydroxyetiocholanolone (p = 0.012) concentration was positively associated with alopecia. Thus, stress was the most likely to trigger symmetrical alopecia in Formosan macaques in Mt. Longevity. Although stress can decrease the fitness of an individual, considering the population status of Formosan macaques in Taiwan is stable and alopecia was only observed in our study area, which is isolated from other populations, the impact on the total population of Formosan macaque in Taiwan is limited. Nonetheless, stress-induced immunosuppression and alopecia might affect the local abundance and increase zoonosis risk due to frequent human–macaque contact in Mt. Longevity. Future studies are suggested to focus on the causative factor of stress and the effects of stress and alopecia on the health and welfare in the Formosan macaques.
A binge high sucrose diet provokes systemic and cerebral inflammation in rats without inducing obesity
Authors: Patkar Omkar L. , Mohamed Abdalla Z. , Narayanan Ashwin , Mardon Karine , Cowin Gary , Bhalla Rajiv , Stimson Damion H. R. , Kassiou Michael , Beecher Kate , Belmer Arnauld , Alvarez Cooper Ignatius , Morgan Michael , Hume David A. , Irvine Katharine M. , Bartlett Selena E. , Nasrallah Fatima , Cumming Paul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile the dire cardiometabolic consequences of the hypercaloric modern ‘Western’ diet are well known, there is not much information on the health impact of a high sucrose diet not inducing weight gain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that rats reared with intermittent binge access to sucrose in addition to normal chow would develop an inflammatory response in brain. To test this hypothesis, we undertook serial PET/MRI scans with the TSPO ligand [18F]DPA714 in a group of (n=9) rats at baseline and again after voluntarily consuming 5% sucrose solution three days a week for three months. Compared to a control group fed with normal chow (n=9), the sucrose rats indeed showed widespread increases in the availability of cerebral binding sites for the microglial marker, despite normal weight gain compared to the control diet group. Subsequent immunofluorescence staining of the brains confirmed the PET findings, showing a widespread 20% increase in the abundance of IBA-1-positive microglia with characteristic ‘semi-activated’ morphology in the binge sucrose rats, which had 23% lower density of microglial endpoints and 25% lower mean process length compared to microglia in the control rats with ordinary feeding. GFAP immunofluorescence showed no difference in astroglial coverage in the sucrose rats, except for a slight reduction in hypothalamus. The binge sucrose diet-induced neuroinflammation was associated with a significant elevation of white blood cell counts. Taking these results together, we find that long-term intake of sucrose in a binge paradigm, similar in sucrose content to the contemporary Western diet, triggered a low-grade systemic and central inflammation in non-obese rats. The molecular mechanism of this phenomenon remains to be established.
Gene expression and morphological responses of Lolium perenne L. exposed to cadmium (Cd2+) and mercury (Hg2+)
Authors: Cruz Yuby , Villar Sharik , Gutiérrez Karen , Montoya-Ruiz Carolina , Gallego Jorge L. , Delgado Maria del Pilar , Saldarriaga Juan F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSoil contamination with heavy metals is a major problem worldwide, due to the increasing impact mainly caused by anthropogenic activities. This research evaluated the phytoremediation capacity of, Lolium perenne for heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd2+) and mercury (Hg2+), and the effects of these metals on morphology, biomass production, and the changes on gene expression. Seeds of L. perenne were exposed to six concentrations of Cd2+ and Hg2+ in the range of 0 to 25 mg L−1, and two mixtures of Cd2+–Hg2. The Non-Observed Effect Level (NOEL) was established with dose response curves and the expression of specific genes was evaluated applying a commercially available quantitative reverse transcription (RT-qPCR) assay. There was no significant effect when exposing the seeds to Hg2+, for Cd2+ the maximum concentration was established in 0.1 mg L−1, and for the two concentrations of mixtures, there was a negative effect. An increase of expression of genes that regulate antioxidant activity and stress was found when the plant was exposed to heavy metals. Given the high tolerance to metals analyzed that was reflected both, the development of the plant and in its molecular response, these results highlight that L. perenne is a plant with phytoremediator potential.
Ultra-deep sequencing reveals dramatic alteration of organellar genomes in Physcomitrella patens due to biased asymmetric recombination
Authors: Odahara Masaki , Nakamura Kensuke , Sekine Yasuhiko , Oshima Taku 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDestabilization of organelle genomes causes organelle dysfunction that appears as abnormal growth in plants and diseases in human. In plants, loss of the bacterial-type homologous recombination repair (HRR) factors RECA and RECG induces organelle genome instability. In this study, we show the landscape of organelle genome instability in Physcomitrella patens HRR knockout mutants by deep sequencing in combination with informatics approaches. Genome-wide maps of rearrangement positions in the organelle genomes, which exhibited prominent mutant-specific patterns, were highly biased in terms of direction and location and often associated with dramatic variation in read depth. The rearrangements were location-dependent and mostly derived from the asymmetric products of microhomology-mediated recombination. Our results provide an overall picture of organelle-specific gross genomic rearrangements in the HRR mutants, and suggest that chloroplasts and mitochondria share common mechanisms for replication-related rearrangements.
Spatially visualized single-cell pathology of highly multiplexed protein profiles in health and disease
Authors: Allam Mayar , Hu Thomas , Cai Shuangyi , Laxminarayanan Krishnan , Hughley Robert B. , Coskun Ahmet F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDeep molecular profiling of biological tissues is an indicator of health and disease. We used imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to acquire spatially resolved 20-plex protein data in tissue sections from normal and chronic tonsillitis cases. We present SpatialViz, a suite of algorithms to explore spatial relationships in multiplexed tissue images by visualizing and quantifying single-cell granularity and anatomical complexity in diverse multiplexed tissue imaging data. Single-cell and spatial maps confirmed that CD68+ cells were correlated with the enhanced Granzyme B expression and CD3+ cells exhibited enrichment of CD4+ phenotype in chronic tonsillitis. SpatialViz revealed morphological distributions of cellular organizations in distinct anatomical areas, spatially resolved single-cell associations across anatomical categories, and distance maps between the markers. Spatial topographic maps showed the unique organization of different tissue layers. The spatial reference framework generated network-based comparisons of multiplex data from healthy and diseased tonsils. SpatialViz is broadly applicable to multiplexed tissue biology.
Interband plasmon polaritons in magnetized charge-neutral graphene
Authors: Slipchenko T. M. , Poumirol J.-M. , Kuzmenko A. B. , Nikitin A. Yu. , Martín-Moreno L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStudying the collective excitations in charge neutral graphene (CNG) has recently attracted a great interest because of unusual mechanisms of the charge carrier dynamics. The latter can play a crucial role for formation of recently observed in twisted bilayer CNG graphene plasmon polaritons (GPPs) associated with the interband transitions between the flat electronic bands. Besides, GPPs in CNG can be a tool providing insights into various quantum phenomena in CNG via optical experiments. However, the properties of interband GPPs in CNG are not known, even in the simplest configurations. Here, we show that magnetically-biased single-layer CNG can support interband GPPs of both transverse magnetic and transverse electric polarizations (particularly, at zero temperature). GPPs exist inside the absorption bands originating from the electronic transitions between Landau levels and are tunable by the magnetic field. We place our study into the context of potential near-field and far-field optical experiments.
A bioinspired interfacial design to toughen carbon nanotube fibers
Authors: Dong Shaojun , Gan Zhongdong , Chen Xinyan , Pei Ying , Li Bin , Ren Jing , Wang Yanlei , He Hongyan , Ling Shengjie 
Published: May 2021

A scalable strategy to improve the toughness of a general type of CNT fiber through a bioinspired interfacial design while maintaining the conductivity provides unique design principles for the high performance flexible electronic materials.
Colon capsule endoscopy is a viable alternative to colonoscopy for the investigation of intermediate- and low-risk patients with gastrointestinal symptoms: results of a pilot study
Authors: Ismail Mohd Syafiq , Semenov Serhiy , Sihag Sandeep , Manoharan Thilagaraj , Douglas Atiyekeogbebe Rita , Reill Phyllis , Kelly Michael , Boran Gerard , O’Connor Anthony , Breslin Niall , O’Donnell Sarah , Ryan Barbara , McNamara Deirdre 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is a recommended viable alternative to colonoscopy for colonic visualisation in a variety of clinical settings with proven efficacy in polyp detection, surveillance, screening and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) assessment. CCE efficacy in an unselected average risk symptomatic cohort has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of CCE imaging assessment in average risk symptomatic patients as an alternative to colonoscopy with and without additional biomarker assessment.
Patients and methods This was a prospective, single-center comparison study of colonoscopy, CCE and biomarker assessment.
Results Of 77 invited subjects, 66 underwent both a CCE and colonoscopy. A fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and fecal calprotectin (FC) were available in 56 and 59 subjects. In all 64 % (n = 42) had any positive finding with 16 (24 %) found to have significant disease (high-risk adenomas, IBD) on colonoscopy. The CCE completion rate was 76 %, five (8 %) had an inadequate preparation, the CCE polyp detection rate was high at 35 %. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of CCE for significant disease were 81 %, 98 %, 93 % and 94 % respectively. In addition, three (5 %) significant small bowel diagnoses were made on CCE. FC and FIT were frequently elevated in patients with both colitis (5/7, 71 %) and high-risk adenomas (4/7 57 %). While both had a low positive predictive value for clinically significant disease, FIT 32 % and FC 26 %.
Conclusions CCE is a safe and effective alternative to colonoscopy in symptomatic average risk patients with or without the addition of biomarker screening.
Pain in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implant Dentistry: Types and Management
Authors: Selvido Diane Isabel , Bhattarai Bishwa Prakash , Rokaya Dinesh , Niyomtham Nattisa , Wongsirichat Natthamet 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOver the years, the pain has been defined numerous times in several ways. In oral and maxillofacial surgery, the occurrence of pain, especially postoperatively, is anticipated. Pain arises as a combination of various processes after tissue damage. Distinct pain experiences in oral surgery were depicted in several previous studies, adding knowledge to the field. The management of these encounters has been suggested over time, improving treatment approaches in the clinical setting. This review aims to understand the pain and its types and intervention in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Protein C Gene Mutation in an Older Adult Patient with Clostridium perfringens Septicemia-Related Visceral Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Kanosue Kiyoko , Nagaya Satomi , Morishita Eriko , Yamanishi Masayoshi , Imashuku Shinsaku 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 78-year-old Japanese male with Clostridium perfringens septicemia and cholecystitis was found to have thrombosis in the left branch of intrahepatic portal vein as well as superior mesenteric vein. Visceral vein thrombosis (VVT) in this case was associated with protein C deficiency, due to a heterozygous mutation, p. Arg185Met. Our experience emphasizes that VVT, or other thromboembolic events, may occur in later life, triggered by environmental thrombosis risk factors, together with underlying hereditary protein C gene mutation.
Improving Documentation Using a Real-Time Location System in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Overmann Kevin M. , Barrick Lindsey , Porter Stephen C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Appropriate documentation of critical care services, including key time-based parameters, is critical to accurate severity of illness metrics and proper reimbursement. Documentation of time-based elements for critical care services performed in emergency departments (ED) remains inconsistent. We integrated electronic medical record and real-time location system (RTLS)-derived data to augment quality improvement methodology.
Objective We aimed to increase the proportion of patient encounters with critical care services performed at a pediatric ED that had appropriate documentation from a baseline of 76 to 90% within 6 weeks.
Methods The team formulated a framework of improvement and performed multiple plan-do-study-act cycles focused on key drivers. We integrated the capabilities of an RTLS for precise location tracking to identify patient encounters in which critical care services were performed and to minimize unnecessary audits and feedback. We developed an intervention using iterative revisions to address key drivers and improve documentation. The primary outcome was the proportion of patient encounters for which critical care services were performed for which a time-based attestation was documented in the medical record.
Results We analyzed 92 encounters between March 2020 and April 2020. While the proportion of eligible patient encounters with critical care documentation improved from 76 to 85%, this change was unable to be directly attributed to improvement efforts. Patients with respiratory complaints encompassed the majority of eligible encounters without appropriate documentation.
Conclusion Utilizing improvement methodology and a novel application of RTLS, we successfully identified the co-location of physicians with patients receiving critical care services and designed interventions to improve documentation of critical care services provided in a pediatric ED. While changes were not able to be attributed to improvement efforts in this project, this project demonstrates the utility of RTLS to augment and inform systematic improvement efforts.
Cardiac Surgeons’ Practices and Attitudes toward Addiction Care for Patients with Substance use Disorders
Authors: Nguemeni Tiako Max Jordan , Mszar Reed , Brooks Cornell , Bin Mahmood Syed Usman , Mori Makoto , Vallabhajosyula Prashanth , Geirsson Arnar , Weimer Melissa B. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction Rates of injection-drug use associated infective endocarditis (IDU-IE) are rising, and most patients with IDU-IE do not receive addiction care during hospitalization. We sought to characterize cardiac surgeons’ practices and attitudes toward patients with IDU-IE due to their integral role treating them. Methods This is a survey of 201 cardiac surgeons in the U.S who were asked about the addiction care they engage for patients with IDU-IE along with questions pertaining to stigma against people who use drugs (PWUD). Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify patterns in surgeons’ practices and determine associations between attitudes toward substance use disorder (SUD) and beliefs about medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Results A minority of surgeons have access to specialty addiction services (35%) in their hospital, but when available 93% consult them for patients with IDU-IE. A quarter of surgeons reported thinking that SUD is a choice and do not believe MOUD have a role in reducing IDU-IE recurrence. Conversely, 69% of surgeons agreed with the disease model of addiction and were four times more likely to believe that MOUD has a role in reducing IDU-IE recurrence (aOR 4.09, 95% CI 1.8–9.27, p = 0.001). Conclusion Access to addiction specialists is limited in most hospital settings, but when available, most surgeons report consulting them and supporting MOUD. However, a significant proportion of surgeons hold non-evidence-based attitudes toward SUD and PWUD. This suggests that lack of education and stigma may affect the care of patients with IDU-IE, highlighting the need for education about, and destigmatization of addiction within health systems.
Policy integration, policy design and administrative capacities. Evidence from EU cohesion policy
Authors: Domorenok Ekaterina , Graziano Paolo , Polverari Laura 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Although policy integration research has been burgeoning over the past decade, numerous blank spots exist in our understanding of the rationale, the policy-making implications and implementation challenges of integrated policy designs. This study aims at improving our knowledge in this field by reflecting on the relevance of administrative capacities for the development and implementation of integrated policies. Based on an in-depth analysis of the implementation of European Union (EU) policies for sustainable urban development in two meso-level authorities (Scotland and Veneto), evidence is provided that both administrations have introduced a range of capacity-building provisions in order to enable the replacement of sectoral policies with a comprehensive integrated strategy. However, the specific policy and governance settings designed with the purpose of enhancing administrative capacities differed significantly between the two contexts, largely depending on public administrations’ strategies and on the salience of EU policies in the respective political arenas.
Importance of heavy quark longitudinal structure function measurements at future circular collider energies
Authors: Boroun G. R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this article, we consider the ratio of structure functions for heavy quark pair production at low values of

. The importance of this ratio for charm and beauty pair production is examined according to the Hadron Electron Ring Accelerator (HERA) data. The behavior of these ratios is considered due to the hard pomeron behavior of the gluon distribution function. The results are in good agreement with the HERA data. Expanding this data to the range of new energies underscores the importance of these measurements for heavy quarks. The ratio of charm and beauty structure functions at the proposed Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) is considered as a function of invariant center-of-mass energy. For top pair production this ratio is extracted with known kinematics of the LHeC and Future Circular Collider electron-hadron (FCC-eh) colliders. Comparison of the results obtained for the ratio of top structure functions in LHeC and FCC-eh are proportional to the specified inelasticity

range.
Transport Vehicle Maintenance Optimization
Authors: Redreev G V , Luchinovich A A , Boltovsky S N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The successful maintenance of transport vehicles in operable condition is facilitated by the proper assessment of their technical condition and forecasting its changes. The efficient operation of vehicles is only achieved if the changes in the engine load in the forecast cause changes in the dynamics of technical condition parameters. Besides, forecasting can help reduce vehicle repair costs. The forecasts are based on vehicle component, assembly, and subsystem failure statistics over a certain period. We must understand that the overall failure values include both gradual and sudden ones. While classifying failures as gradual or sudden when performing repairs is not challenging, forecasting sudden failures is quite difficult. We suggest failure forecasting methods based on the statistical sampling and in line with the following assumptions: Gradual failures are associated with the intensive operation of vehicles and their changes are proportional to the changes in vehicle operation duration. Sudden failures do not depend on the vehicle workload but have an inverse effect on it: the more sudden failures there are, the less useful work vehicles can perform. Thus, it is possible to describe the changes in gradual and sudden failures over time. It can expand the theoretical understanding of vehicle operation and provide repair forecasting tools to operators and maintenance companies.
The Need to Digitalize the Potentially Productive Fuel and Energy Balance in the Western Economic Zone of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)
Authors: Elyakova I D , Elyakov A L , Pakhomov A A , Fedorova E Y , Gogoleva I V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article presents and justifies the development of a digital potentially productive fuel and energy balance of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in the context of settlements in the conditions of digital transformation of the economy. The problems traditional FEB regions creation are identified and the advantages of implementing a digital FEB of the region in the efficiency, complexity of analysis and forecasting in the long term are justified. The main stages of its development are proposed and the expected results are justified. As a result of the study, recommendations for its practical development and effective application are presented, taking into account operational current management and response, as well as realistic forecasting in the long term.