bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The path to dissociative experiences: A direct comparison of different etiological models
Authors: Buchnik‐Daniely Yifat , Vannikov‐Lugassi Miriam , Shalev Hadar , Soffer‐Dudek Nirit 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSevere dissociation is trauma‐related, but a range of dissociative experiences are also prevalent in clinical populations that are not necessarily trauma‐based (e.g., depression, anxiety disorders, and obsessive–compulsive disorders). These remain poorly understood as the dominant etiological model for dissociation relies on trauma. Importantly, dissociation in such samples predicts poor prognosis and high drop‐out rates. We set out to better understand the aetiology of dissociative experiences in a mixed clinical (anxiety and depression) and community sample by exploring between‐ and within‐subjects effects of two domains: psychological distress or negative affectivity (operationalized as anxiety and depression symptoms), and poor sleep quality, including disturbed dreaming. The idea that negative affectivity triggers dissociation (Distress Model) is inspired by the trauma model. The idea that poor sleep and unusual dreaming underlie dissociation (Sleep Model) has been suggested as a competing theory. We examined both models by exploring which domains oscillate alongside dissociative experiences. N = 98 adults, half of them diagnosed with depression and anxiety and half community controls, underwent a structured clinical interview and completed questionnaires monthly for 6 months. Support was found for both models in that each domain had a unique explanatory contribution. Distress evinced consistent effects that could not be explained by sleep or dreaming, both between individuals and across time. Oscillations in dissociation across months, when taking psychological distress into account, were better explained by unusual dreaming than traditional sleep quality measures. These findings cannot be generalized to highly‐traumatized samples. A complex, integrated etiological model for dissociative experiences is warranted.
Fully Automated Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction using FireProtASR
Authors: Khan Rayyan Tariq , Musil Milos , Stourac Jan , Damborsky Jiri , Bednar David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProtein evolution and protein engineering techniques are of great interest in basic science and industrial applications such as pharmacology, medicine, or biotechnology. Ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) is a powerful technique for probing evolutionary relationships and engineering robust proteins with good thermostability and broad substrate specificity. The following protocol describes the setting up and execution of an automated FireProtASR workflow using a dedicated web site. The service allows for inference of ancestral proteins automatically, from a single protein sequence. Once a protein sequence is submitted, the server will build a dataset of homology sequences, perform a multiple sequence alignment (MSA), build a phylogenetic tree, and reconstruct ancestral nodes. The protocol is also highly flexible and allows for multiple forms of input, advanced settings, and the ability to start jobs from: (i) a single sequence, (ii) a set of homologous sequences, (iii) an MSA, and (iv) a phylogenetic tree. This approach automates all necessary steps and offers a way for novices with limited exposure to ASR techniques to improve the properties of a protein of interest. The technique can even be used to introduce catalytic promiscuity into an enzyme. A web server for accessing the fully automated workflow is freely accessible at https://loschmidt.chemi.muni.cz/fireprotasr/. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 19 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol: ASR using the Web Server FireProtASR
Natural killer cells in inflammatory autoimmune diseases
Authors: Yang Yuyan , Day Jessica , Souza‐Fonseca Guimaraes Fernando , Wicks Ian P , Louis Cynthia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are a specialised population of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that help control local immune responses. Through natural cytotoxicity, production of cytokines and chemokines, and migratory capacity, NK cells play a vital immunoregulatory role in the initiation and chronicity of inflammatory and autoimmune responses. Our understanding of their functional differences and contributions in disease settings is evolving owing to new genetic and functional murine proof‐of‐concept studies. Here, we summarise current understanding of NK cells in several classic autoimmune disorders, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but also less understood diseases such as idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). A better understanding of how NK cells contribute to these autoimmune disorders may pave the way for NK cell‐targeted therapeutics.
FTO modifies the m6A level of MALAT and promotes bladder cancer progression
Authors: Tao Le , Mu Xingyu , Chen Haige , Jin Di , Zhang Ruiyun , Zhao Yuyang , Fan Jie , Cao Ming , Zhou Zhihua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundNearly a half million people around the world are diagnosed with bladder cancer each year, and an incomplete understanding of its pathogenicity and lack of efficient biomarkers having been discovered lead to poor clinical management of bladder cancer. Fat mass and obesity‐associated protein (FTO) is a critical player in carcinogenesis. We, here, explored the role of FTO and unraveled the mechanism of its function in bladder cancer.MethodsIdentification of the correlation of FTO with bladder cancer was based on both bioinformatics and clinical analysis of tissue samples collected from a cohort of patients at a hospital and microarray data. Gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function assays were conducted in vivo and in vitro to assess the effect of FTO on bladder carcinoma tumor growth and its impact on the bladder carcinoma cell viability. Moreover, the interactions of intermediate products were also investigated to elucidate the mechanisms of FTO function.ResultsBladder tumor tissues had increased FTO expression which correlated with clinical bladder cancer prognosis and outcomes. Both in vivo and in vitro, it played the function of an oncogene in stimulating the cell viability and tumorigenicity of bladder cancer. Furthermore, FTO catalyzed metastasis‐associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) demethylation, regulated microRNA miR‐384 and mal T cell differentiation protein 2 (MAL2) expression, and modulated the interactions among these processes.ConclusionsThe interplay of these four clinically relevant factors contributes to the oncogenesis of bladder cancer. FTO facilitates the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer through regulating the MALAT/miR‐384/MAL2 axis in m6A RNA modification manner, which ensures the potential of FTO for serving as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker in bladder cancer.
Mediastinal granular cell tumor diagnosed with endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration via a modified technique based on wet suction: A case report and literature review
Authors: Guo Yingjie , Ding Xueli , Liu Hua , Hou Feng , Jiang Yueping , Tian Zibin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGranular cell tumor (GCT) represents a less frequently seen tumor originating from Schwann cells. Although GCT develops in various locations in the human body, GCT of the mediastinum is extremely uncommon. A case of mediastinal GCT diagnosed by aspiration using a fine needle assisted by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS‐FNA) via a modified technique based on wet suction was reported. An asymptomatic 28‐year‐old man was referred for assessment of a mass in the mediastinum that was found incidentally via chest computed tomography (CT) at health screening. EUS demonstrated a hypoechoic lesion with a distinct boundary, which was derived from the upper posterior mediastinum and partly located close to the posterior wall of the esophagus. Therefore, EUS‐FNA with a modified wet suction technique was performed to harvest adequate specimens for the diagnosis of GCT. Minimally invasive tumor removal was performed, and histological examination of the specimen harvested surgically verified GCT, consistent with histological findings of the specimen obtained by EUS‐FNA. The case highlights that a good accuracy of histological diagnosis and specimen quality are achieved for the modified wet‐suction technique in EUS‐FNA, and a preoperative diagnosis of mediastinal GCT can be made with certainty.
Zbtb10 transcription factor is crucial for murine cDC1 activation and cytokine secretion
Authors: Smita Shuchi , Ghosh Arup , Biswas Viplov Kumar , Ahad Abdul , Podder Sreeparna , Jha Atimukta , Sen Kaushik , Acha‐Orbea Hans , Raghav Sunil K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDendritic cell (DC) activation and cytokine production is tightly regulated. In this study, we found that Zbtb10 expression is activation dependent and it is essential for the immunogenic function of cDC1. Zbtb10 knockdown (KD) significantly reduced the expression of co‐stimulatory genes CD80 and CD86 along with cytokines including IL‐12, IL‐6, and IL‐10, in activated cDC1 Mutu‐DC line. Consequently, the clonal expansion of CD44+ effector T cells in co‐cultured CD4+ T cells was drastically reduced owing to significantly reduced IL‐2. At the same time, these CD44+ effector T cells were unable to differentiate toward Tbet+IFNγ+ Th1 subtype. Instead, an increased frequency of Th2 cells expressing GATA3+ and IL‐13+ was observed. Interestingly, in Zbtb10 KD condition the co‐cultured T cells depicted increased expression of PD1 and LAG3, the T‐cell anergic markers. Moreover, the global transcriptome analysis identified that Zbtb10 is pertinent for DC activation and its depletion in cDC1 completely shuts down their immune responses. Mechanistic analysis revealed that Zbtb10 KD enhanced the expression of NKRF (NF‐κB repressing factor) leading to drastic suppression of NF‐κB related genes. Zbtb10 KD abrogated p65 and RelB nuclear translocation, thereby controlling the activation and maturation of cDC1 and the ensuing adaptive T cell responses.
The nexus between environmental degradation and industrial development in Pakistan and roles of financial development and fossil fuel
Authors: Ali Muhammad Uzair , Zhimin Gong , Asmi Fahad , Xue Zhou , Muhammad Rizwanullah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe swift escalation in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) has gained universal concern and on the global scale it has gotten the attention of research scholars and policy advisers. The use of fossil fuel in industrial and domestic activities has been labeled as a key cause for the production of GHG in the environment; in the meantime, researches focusing on the impact of fossil fuel on the emission of GHG for developing countries like Pakistan are very rare. The current study applied auto regressive distributed lag model techniques with structural breaks co‐integration technique for investigating the validity of a dynamic link among CO2 and industrial development and capturing the impact of fossil fuel consumption and economic development on Carbon emission. All variables have been discovered to be co‐integrated and the long‐term and short‐term dynamics have indicated the validity of inverted U‐shaped of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis where there has been inverted U‐shaped association among industrial development and CO2 which had also been established by Lind and Mehlum test. The Granger causality indicated unidirectional causality running from fossil fuel to CO2, and bidirectional causalities link between industrial growth and fossil oil and financial development and fossil fuel. For policy drives, current study advises for the use of low carbon emission, green and efficient technologies.
Microbial citric acid: Production, properties, application, and future perspectives
Authors: Behera Bikash Chandra , Mishra Rashmiranjan , Mohapatra Sonali 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMicrobial citric acid is an important organic acid widely used in pharmaceutical food, beverage, detergents, and cosmetics industries. Although citric acid is produced by different types of microorganism, the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger is a workhorse for the production of citric acid. In the present review, special attention has been paid to address the advanced literature of citric acid production such as microorganism, substrates, screening methods, different fermentation techniques, different factors affecting citric acid production, and product recovery as well as numerous biotechnological applications of citric acid are also discussed for simple understanding of the subject.
Different patterns of gray matter atrophy in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia with and without episodic memory impairment
Authors: Resende Elisa de Paula França , Hornberger Michael , Guimarães Henrique Cerqueira , Gambogi Leandro Boson , Mariano Luciano Inácio , Teixeira Antônio Lúcio , Caramelli Paulo , de Souza Leonardo Cruz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiating patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) from Alzheimer's disease (AD) is important as these two conditions have distinct treatment and prognosis. Using episodic impairment and medial temporal lobe atrophy as a tool to make this distinction has been debatable in the recent literature, as some patients with bvFTD can also have episodic memory impairment and medial temporal lobe atrophy early in the disease.ObjectivesTo compare brain atrophy patterns of patients with bvFTD with and without episodic memory impairment to that of patients with AD.MethodsWe analyzed 19 patients with bvFTD, 21 with AD and 21 controls, matched by age, sex, and years of education. They underwent brain MRI and the memory test from the Brief Cognitive Battery (BCB) to assess episodic memory. We then categorized the bvFTD group into amnestic (BCB delayed recall score <7) and non‐amnestic.ResultsThe amnestic bvFTD group (n = 8) had significant gray matter atrophy in the left parahippocampal gyrus, right cingulate and precuneus regions compared with the nonamnestic group. Compared with AD, amnestic bvFTD had more atrophy in the left fusiform cortex, left insula, left inferior temporal gyrus and right temporal pole, whereas patients with AD had more atrophy in the left hippocampus, left frontal pole and left angular gyrus.ConclusionsThere is a group of amnestic bvFTD patients with episodic memory dysfunction and significant atrophy in medial temporal structures, which poses a challenge in considering only these features when differentiating bvFTD from AD clinically.
Temporal dynamics of evapotranspiration in semiarid native forests in Brazil and Spain using remote sensing
Authors: Alcântara Costa Juliana , Navarro‐Hevia Joaquín , Costa Carlos Alexandre Gomes , de Araújo José Carlos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) plays an important role in integrated water resource planning, development and management. This process is particularly relevant in semiarid regions. The aim of this study is, hence, to compare spatial and temporal patterns of actual ET, as well as the temporal trends in two different semiarid forests, Caatinga (Brazil) and Tierra de Pinares (Spain). We used the surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) to assess actual evapotranspiration (ETa) in both areas. In the Brazilian semiarid forest, Caatinga is the main vegetation, while it is Pinares in Spain. For this purpose, 69 Landsat‐5 and 42 Landsat‐8 images (1995–2019) were used. The Mann–Kendall test was applied to assess the occurrence of trends in precipitation, temperature and potential ET data; and the Temporal Stability Index (TSI) to know which areas have greater seasonal ETa. The annual amplitude of the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) is the same in both areas, however, the Caatinga values are higher. In the Caatinga forest, when ET0 presents its highest values throughout the year, ETa presents the lowest, and vice versa. In the Pinares forest, ETa follows the ET0 dynamics during the year, and the difference between ET0 and ETa is maximum during the summer. The Caatinga forest showed a greater spatial variation of ETa than the Pinares forest as well as a greater extension with lower temporal stability of ETa than the Pinares forest. Both the Caatinga forest and the Pinares forest showed significant positive trends in annual ET0 and ETa. We estimate that the value of ETa increases more rapidly in Pinares than in the Brazilian Caatinga. Taking Caatinga as a hydrological mirror, some consequences are expected to Pinares, such as significant changes in the water balance, increase of biodiversity vulnerability, and reduction of water availability in soil and reservoirs.
Deactivation and regeneration of Pt‐modified zeolite Beta–Bindzil extrudates in n‐hexane hydroisomerization
Authors: Vajglová Zuzana , Kumar Narendra , Peurla Markus , Hupa Leena , Semikin Kirill , Sladkovskiy Dmitry A , Murzin Dmitry Yu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe metal–acid bifunctional catalysts are widely used in many industrially significant chemical processes, including hydroisomerization of n‐hexane. Deactivation and regeneration of metal–acid bifunctional extrudates was investigated in continuous n‐hexane hydroisomerization in a fixed‐bed reactor. Four Pt/H‐Beta‐25 catalysts containing 30% Bindzil binder were prepared with the same composition and controlled metal deposition.RESULTSDifferent preparation steps led to differences in the mechanical strength, Pt particle size, acidity and strength, metal‐to‐acid site (cPt/cAS) ratio and proximity between two types of active sites. A very slow deactivation and high selectivity to C6 isomers was obtained when Pt was deposited on H‐Beta‐25 zeolite.CONCLUSIONInitial selectivity to the desired products was correlated with the physicochemical properties of the catalysts. Location of the metal has a larger influence on catalyst deactivation of the bifunctional catalysts rather than the metal‐to‐acid site ratio or site proximity. Decline of n‐hexane conversion and selectivity to C6 isomers were correlated with changes in the textural properties and acidity of the deactivated catalyst, respectively. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Immobilization of laccase from Bacillus subtilisDS on chitosan beads and standardization of process for biodegradation of textile dyes
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Khullar Aastha , Sharma Neha , Gupta Naveen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe textile industry generates a huge amount of effluents containing different hazardous dyes. Indigo carmine and malachite green are the most commonly used dyes in textile and dye industries. Pollution caused by these dyes affects aquatic life.RESULTSBacillus subtilis DS produces an alkali‐thermostable laccase. This enzyme was immobilized on chitosan beads and conditions for immobilization were optimized. After immobilization, the maximum activity of 26 IU g–1 beads was found under optimized conditions of 1% glutaraldehyde, 3 h cross‐linking time and 5 h immobilization time. The immobilized enzyme retained a temperature and pH profile similar to that of the free enzyme. Significant enzyme activity was retained after ten reaction cycles with >60% stability after 15 days, allowed reuse of enzyme over multiple cycles. Immobilized laccase was used to degrade textile dyes and the conditions were standardized statistically for its optimal degradation. Under optimized conditions a high degradation rate was achieved for indigo carmine (95.24%) and malachite green (90%), respectively.CONCLUSIONImmobilized laccase is a highly suitable candidate for bioremediation of textile industry dyes because of its stability and reusability. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of clinicopathological features and outcomes in patients with primary leiomyosarcoma of bone and soft tissue
Authors: Gusho Charles A. , Blank Alan T. , Gitelis Steven 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgrounds and ObjectivesThis investigation sought to describe the outcomes of primary leiomyosarcoma of bone (PLB) compared to soft tissue leiomyosarcoma (SLMS).MethodsThis was a review of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 1975 to 2016. Kaplan‐Meier methods were used to estimate disease‐specific survival (DSS), and a Cox regression model was used to identify prognostic factors.ResultsOf the 7502 identifiable cases, 1% (n = 74) were PLB and 99% (n = 7428) were SLMS. Survival was the same between PLB and SLMS (p = .209). On multivariable analysis for high‐grade SLMS, radiation (neoadjuvant: hazard ratio [HR], 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4–0.8; p = .003; adjuvant: HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.6–0.9; p = .008) and surgery (procedure specific) improved DSS. For PLB, wide resection/limb salvage (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.3–0.5; p = .018) and amputation (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.5–0.9; p < .001) were positive prognostic factors. Neither radiation nor chemotherapy were prognostic factors for survival in PLB.ConclusionsFor SLMS, radiation portends a survival advantage. For PLB, however, neither chemotherapy nor radiation were significant prognostic factors, which suggests the optimal treatment for PLB, similar to other primary soft tissue sarcomas originating in bone, remains an unmet medical need.
An explicit order 2 scheme for the strong approximation of Stratonovich stochastic differential equations with scalar noise
Authors: Günay Akdemir Hande 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA new class of stochastic Runge–Kutta (SRK) methods for the strong approximation of Stratonovich stochastic ordinary differential equations (SODEs) is presented. The proposed method is an alternative to the method of Xiao and Tang (Numer. Algor. 72: 259–296, 2016) and converges with order 2 in the strong sense. To validate the efficiency and to compare with some known methods, numerical simulations which involve generating Stratonovich stochastic integrals of level 3, are finally given.
Energy intake as a short‐term biomarker for weight loss in adults with obesity receiving liraglutide: A randomized trial
Authors: Saxena Aditi R. , Banerjee Anindita , Corbin Karen D. , Parsons Stephanie A. , Smith Steven R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveObesity is a chronic disease associated with many serious comorbidities. Pharmacologic therapies are approved for the treatment of obesity; however, short‐term biomarkers to predict weight loss are not well understood. This study aimed to determine the ability of single‐meal energy intake (EI) to predict weight loss in participants with obesity treated with liraglutide.MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, participants received subcutaneous liraglutide (titrated to 3.0 mg/day) or placebo once daily, with inpatient assessments at baseline and weeks 3 and 6. The primary endpoint was change from baseline (CFB) in EI during consecutive ad libitum lunch meals at weeks 3 and 6. Secondary endpoints included CFB in 24‐ and 48‐h EI, weight, appetite scores, and gastric emptying measures.ResultsSixty‐one participants were randomized (n = 32, liraglutide; n = 29, placebo). The least squares mean (LSM) difference (95% CI; p‐value) in CFB in EI during ad libitum lunch meals between the liraglutide and placebo groups was −236 (−322, −149; p < 0.0001) kcal at week 3 and –244 (−339, −148, p < 0.0001) kcal at week 6. The liraglutide group experienced significant weight loss at weeks 3 and 6, compared with placebo. Weight loss was significantly correlated with EI, but not with appetite score or gastric emptying.ConclusionsEI during a single meal is a robust clinical predictor of weight changes in participants with obesity. Future clinical trials can utilize EI at a single meal as a predictor of weight loss.