bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Source Like Any Other? Field and Survey Experiment Evidence on How Interest Groups Shape Public Opinion
Authors: Jungherr Andreas , Wuttke Alexander , Mader Matthias , Schoen Harald 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInterest groups increasingly communicate with the public, yet we know little about how effective they are in shaping opinions. Since interest groups differ from other public communicators, we propose a theory of interest group persuasion. Interest groups typically have a low public profile, and so most people are unlikely to have strong attitudes regarding them. Source-related predispositions, such as credibility assessments, are therefore less relevant in moderating effects of persuasive appeals by interest groups than those of high-profile communicators. We test this argument in multiple large-scale studies. A parallel survey and field experiment (N = 4,659) establishes the persuasive potential of low-profile interest groups in both controlled and realistic settings. An observational study (N = 700) shows that substantial portions of the public are unable to assess interest group credibility. A survey experiment (N = 8,245) demonstrates that credibility assessments moderate the impact of party but not interest group communication.
A Scoping Review of Social Support Research among Refugees in Resettlement: Implications for Conceptual and Empirical Research
Authors: Wachter Karin , Bunn Mary , Schuster Roseanne C , Boateng Godfred O , Cameli Kaila , Johnson-Agbakwu Crista E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study reviewed social support research with refugees in resettlement by assessing the scope of scholarship and examining methodological approaches, definitions, theoretical frameworks, domains, and sources of support. The scoping review followed a systematic approach that retained 41 articles for analysis. The findings indicate that refugee resettlement studies seldom conceptualizes social support as a central focus, defines the concept, draws from related theory, or examines multifaceted components of the construct. The review nevertheless yielded promising findings for future conceptual and empirical research. The analysis identified a wide range of relevant domains and sources of social support, laying the foundation for a socio-ecological model of social support specific to refugee experiences in resettlement. The findings also indicate an imperative to examine and theorize social support vis-à-vis diverse groups as a main outcome of interest, in connection to a range of relevant outcomes, and longitudinally in recognition of the temporal processes in resettlement.
“Boundaries Bind Unbinding”: Jazz and Cold War Cosmopolitanism in the Margins of Langston Hughes’sAsk Your Mama
Authors: Schuster Adam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile Langston Hughes is typically read as a staunch supporter of solidarity defined by descent, I suggest that his 1961 poem Ask Your Mama pursues a form of sociality that privileges race but is not exclusively determined by it, instead exploring possibilities for cosmopolitan exchange. As the negotiation of alterity and the reexamination of inherited attachments—cultural, racial, or national—cosmopolitanism is a crucial although understudied radical strain of thought in this moment, and one we can hear sounded in Hughes’s jazz poem. Hughes’s column for the Chicago Defender displays traces of a cosmopolitan ethos leading up to the composition of Ask Your Mama, traces that coincide with the transnational values inspired by jazz’s increasingly international circulation. Drawing on the surge in music’s postwar commercial and state-sanctioned circulation, Hughes’s poem becomes a unification of his own impulse to expand affiliations across national and ethno-racial lines and the discourses around jazz and other vernacular music. Ask Your Mama combines generic forms and overlays scales of exchange that exceed any neatly defined geographic origin or cultural category. Analyzing these combinations of poetry and music, I show how networks of alternative meanings are produced that reconfigure relations between geographic distance, community, and identity, the comingling of disparate cultures and national affiliations formalized in the interstices of music and poetic verse. Ultimately, Hughes demonstrates how, amid the overlapping seizures and resignifications of black cultural production at mid-century, jazz music could be reclaimed and repurposed to transform poetry’s structure and rearticulate the boundaries of ethno-racial solidarity.
Infrared lags in the light curves of AGNs measured using a deep survey
Authors: Elmer E , Merrifield M , Almaini O , Hartley W G , Maltby D T 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Information on the structure around active galactic nuclei (AGNs) has long been derived from measuring lags in their varying light output at different wavelengths. In principle, infrared data would reach to larger radii, potentially even probing reprocessed radiation in any surrounding dusty torus. In practice, this has proved challenging because high quality data are required to detect such variability, and the observations must stretch over a long period to probe the likely month-scale lags in variability. In addition, large numbers of sources would need to be observed to start searching for any patterns in such lags. Here, we show that the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey, built up from repeated observations over almost a decade, provides an ideal data set for such a study. For 94 sources identified as strongly varying AGNs within its square-degree field, we find that the K-band light curves systematically lag the J-band light curves by an average of around a month. The lags become smaller at higher redshift, consistent with the band shift to optical rest-frame emission. The less luminous AGNs also display shorter lags, as would be expected if their physical size scales with luminosity.
Application of Extradural Nerve Root Transfer in the Restoration of Lower Limb Function in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Chen Hongtao , Cao Jiang , Zhang Sheng , Sui Tao , Yang Kaixiang , Cao Xiaojian 
Published: March 2021

Study Design.
Two fresh-frozen and six formalin-fixed cadavers were included in the study.

Objective.
To ascertain whether transferring T9 or T11 ventral root (VR) to L2 VR and T10 or T12 VR to L3 VR in restoring lower limb function after spinal cord injury is anatomically feasible.

Summary of Background Data.
Lower limb paralysis impairs the quality of the life and places burden on the whole society. However, no significant improvement in this area was achieved during recent years.

Methods.
In the present study, two fresh-frozen and six formalin-fixed cadavers were dissected to confirm the anatomical feasibility. A limited laminectomy was performed to expose the T9–L3 extradural nerve roots. T9 and T10 VR were anastomosed to L2 and L3 VR respectively, or T11 and T12 VR were anastomosed to L2 and L3 VR respectively. The pertinent distances between the donor and recipient nerves were measured and H&E staining was used to detect the axon number and cross-section area of each VR.

Results.
The limited incision was performed to expose the T9–L3 nerve root. According to the anatomic landmark of dorsal root ganglion, each VR could be isolated from each extradural nerve root. The T9 or T11 VR needs sural nerve graft to be transferred to L2 VR, and T10 or T12 VR also needs a nerve bridge to connect to L3 VR. The nerve numbers of T9, T10, T11, T12, L2, and L3 VRs and the sural nerves were measured respectively. The cross-section areas of T9, T10, T11, T12, L2, and L3 VRs and sural nerves were measured respectively.

Conclusion.
Our study suggested that application of transferring T9 or T11 VR to L2 VR and T10 or T12 VR to L3 VR in restoring lower limb function is anatomically feasible.

Level of Evidence: 5
A New Solution to an Old Problem: Ultrasound-guided Cervical Retrolaminar Injection for Acute Cervical Radicular Pain
Authors: Hochberg Uri , Perez Mario Fajardo , Brill Silviu , Khashan Morsi , de Santiago Jesus 
Published: March 2021

Study Design.
Prospective clinical pilot study and cadaveric study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the spread of an ultrasound-guided interfascial plane blocks (UGIPBs) and its potential efficacy for cervical radiculopathy.

Summary of Background Data.
Cervical radiculopathy is a common disorder, potentially leading to severe pain and disability. Conservative treatment with cervical epidural steroid injections (ESI) is limited by concerns regarding their safety. UGIPBs are used in cervical surgical procedures as part of the multimodal postoperative analgesia regimen however, were not described for cervical radiculopathy.

Methods.
Twelve patients with acute cervical radicular pain who failed conservative treatment and were candidates for surgery were offered a cervical retrolaminar injection. A solution of 4 mL lidocaine 0.5% and 10 mg dexamethasone was injected, assisted by ultrasound guidance, at the posterior aspect of the cervical lamina corresponding to the compressed nerve root level. Additionally, a cadaver study was carried to evaluate the contrast spread and infiltration into near structures, both anatomically and radiographically.

Results.
Twelve patients underwent the procedure, with a mean follow-up time of 14.5 weeks. Average numerical rating scale improved from 7.25 at baseline to 2.83 following the injection (P < 0.001). Three patients received 2 to 3 injections without significant improvement and were eventually operated. No adverse events were reported.
In the cadaver study, fluoroscopy demonstrated contrast spread between T1 and T3 caudally, C2 to C5 cranially and facet joints laterally. Anatomically, the dye spread was demonstrated up to C2 cranially, T1 caudally, the articular pillars of C4 to C7, and the neural foramen of C6 laterally.

Conclusion.
A solution injected into the cervical retrolaminar plane can diffuse in the cranial-caudal axis to C2-T3 and laterally to the facet joints and the cervical neural foramen. Our pilot study confirmed the feasibility of our study protocol. Future studies are needed to support our early results.

Level of Evidence: 4
A Kenyan Village As An Innovative Learning Environment
Authors: Denke Linda , Schrum Nola , Munoz Yun 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT:
Cultural sensitivity and improved communication and assessment skills for undergraduate nursing students are the primary aims of a medical mission experience based on an innovative learning environment in a rural African village. Nursing faculty implement components of Irby's Conceptual Framework for Learning Environments to facilitate students' integration and understanding of didactic information and the holistic practice of nursing while decreasing students' dependence on technology.
Stigma of Treatment Stages for First-Episode Psychosis: A Conceptual Framework for Early Intervention Services
Authors: Yang Lawrence H. , Blasco Drew , Lieff Sarah A. , Le PhuongThao D. , Li YiPing , Broeker Marianne , Mascayano Franco , Bello Iruma , Nossel Ilana , Dixon Lisa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Early intervention services (EIS; in the United States, Coordinated Specialty Care) can lead to substantial improvements in psychiatric symptoms and social functioning for individuals with first-episode psychosis who engage in treatment. Nevertheless, stigma associated with early intervention services can limit their full potential benefits by preventing or reducing participation. Drawing from Corrigan’s “why try” model positing relationships between public and self-stigma, engagement in treatment services, and the EIS treatment model, this article proposes a framework that delineates how distinct forms of stigma are linked to given stages of treatment engagement in first-episode psychosis. We identify three phases of engagement: (1) community outreach, which has associations with public stigma; (2) the referral and evaluation process, which primarily has associations with self-stigma; and (3) EIS, which have associations with self-stigma and its psychosocial consequences. For each phase, we describe evidence-based strategies typically provided by EIS programs, using OnTrackNY as an exemplary model, to illustrate potential linkages in our conceptual framework. By specifying how distinct forms of stigma are associated with EIS treatment stages, this framework is intended to guide EIS programs in explicitly addressing stigma to optimize recovery of individuals with first-episode psychosis.
A Perspective for Understanding Trauma and the Criminal Juvenile Justice System: Using a Trauma-Informed Lens for Meaningful and Sustained Change
Authors: Moreland Alisha , Ressler Kerry J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder are common and are associated with a wide range of negative psychiatric and physical outcomes. Furthermore, a large percentage of justice-involved youth have high rates of trauma exposure and trauma-related symptoms. Addressing these issues would improve outcomes at the level of the justice system overall and in the lives of justice-involved youth. Nonetheless, awareness, education, and implementation of trauma-informed approaches in the criminal juvenile justice system are lacking. This article explores current literature that operationalizes trauma-informed practices and approaches in the criminal and juvenile justice systems. Unfortunately, there is no shared understanding or definition of trauma and no predictability in trauma-informed practices and approaches in the criminal juvenile justice system. Despite the presence of written policies, the application and execution of such policies are limited and inconsistent throughout the system. These limitations contribute to ongoing, systemic institutional racism, lack of mental health or substance abuse treatment, limited diversion options, and unnecessary jail and prison sentences, which together amplify financial and humanitarian costs. We argue that in order for the criminal juvenile justice system to become trauma-informed, it should (1) meet basic needs of clients, (2) check and change narratives, and check underlying assumptions, (3) focus on skill building/habilitation, (4) move away from punishment and toward rehabilitation and humanitarian approaches, and (5) heal and support members that work in and for the system. We conclude that there is a need to improve processes for education, training, and coaching in, and consistent application of, trauma-informed practices and approaches within the criminal and juvenile justice systems.
Does significantly elevated lung shunt fraction (LSF >20%) promote extrahepatic progression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radioembolization?
Authors: Pan Michael M. , Gabr Ahmed , Riaz Ahsun , Mouli Samdeep , Salem Riad , Lewandowski Robert J 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Radioembolization with yttrium-90 (Y-90) is an effective locoregional therapy for primary and metastatic liver tumors, but its use is restricted or contraindicated for patients with elevated lung shunt fraction (LSF) because of an increased risk of developing pulmonary adverse events, including but not limited to radiation pneumonitis. Elevated LSF is also thought to be correlated with liver tumor progression and metastases.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we examine rates of metastasis development, rates of adverse events and overall survival (OS) in 23 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and elevated LSF >20% on Tc-99 m macroaggregated albumin scan treated with Y-90 radioembolization at our institution from 2005 to 2016. To minimize confounding variables, patients with baseline extrahepatic metastases or portal vein tumor thrombosis were excluded. Kaplan–Meier estimates were performed for OS and time to development of metastases.

Results
No patient developed clinical and imaging signs of radiation pneumonitis. Median intention to treat OS from day of radioembolization was 21.3 months; median censored OS was 14.7 months. Five out of 23 patients (22%) developed at least one metastasis during follow-up, for an incidence of 20 per 1000 patient-years (compared to the historical rate of 6 per 1000 patient-years for HCC patients in general).

Conclusion
HCC patients with LSF >20% treated with Y-90 radioembolization have acceptable toxicities and appear to have a rate of extrahepatic tumor development (22%) higher than expected for patients with HCC.
A Prediction Model for Assessing Prognosis in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis-associated Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Hu Hongbin , Li Lulan , Zhang Yuan , Sha Tong , Huang Qiaobing , Guo Xiaohua , An Shengli , Chen Zhongqing , Zeng Zhenhua 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is a common problem in critically ill patients and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early prediction of the survival of hospitalized patients with SA-AKI is necessary, but a reliable and valid prediction model is still lacking.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis based on a training cohort of 2,066 patients enrolled from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care Database III (MIMIC III) and a validation cohort of 102 patients treated at Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to identify predictors for survival. Areas under the ROC curves (AUC), the concordance index (C-index), and calibration curves were used to evaluate the efficiency of the prediction model (SAKI) in both cohorts.

Results:
The overall mortality of SA-AKI was approximately 18%. Age, admission type, liver disease, metastatic cancer, lactate, BUN/SCr, admission creatinine, positive culture, and AKI stage were independently associated with survival and combined in the SAKI model. The C-index in the training and validation cohorts was 0.73 and 0.72. The AUC in the training cohort was 0.77, 0.72, and 0.70 for the 7-day, 14-day, and 28-day probability of in-hospital survival, respectively, while in the external validation cohort, it was 0.83, 0.73, and 0.67. SAPSII and SOFA scores showed poorer performance. Calibration curves demonstrated a good consistency.

Conclusions:
Our SAKI model has predictive value for in-hospital mortality of SA-AKI in critically ill patients and outperforms generic scores.
NEXUS Arch: A Multicenter Study Evaluating the Initial Experience With a Novel Aortic Arch Stent Graft System
Authors: Planer David , Elbaz-Greener Gabby , Mangialardi Nicola , Lindsay Thomas , D’Onofrio Augusto , Schelzig Hubert , Chaykovska Lyubov , Hill Andrew , Holden Andrew , Antonello Michele , Tan Kong T. , Orrico Matteo , Ronchey Sonia , Marmur Yaniv , Pecoraro Felice , Lachat Mario 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
To assess the initial clinical experience with a novel endograft system (NEXUS Aortic Arch Stent Graft System) designed to treat aortic arch pathologies and address the morphology and hemodynamic challenges of the aortic arch.

Summary Background Data:
The aortic arch remains the most challenging part of the aorta for both open and endovascular repair. Transcatheter aortic arch repair has the potential to significantly reduce surgical risks.

Methods:
Patients underwent transcatheter aortic arch repair with a single branch, 2 stent graft system, implanted over a through-and-through guidewire from the brachiocephalic trunk, to the descending aorta with an ascending aorta stent graft. The ascending aorta stent graft is deployed into a designated docking sleeve to connect the 2 stent grafts and isolate the aortic arch pathology. Proximal landing zone in all cases was in Zone 0. Anatomical inclusion criteria included adequate landing zone in the ascending aorta, brachiocephalic trunk, and descending thoracic aorta. Preparatory debranching procedure was performed in all patients with carotid–carotid crossover bypass and left carotid to left subclavian bypass, or parallel graft from descending aorta to left subclavian artery. Safety and performance were evaluated through 1 year. Survival analysis used the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results:
Twenty-eight patients, 79% males, with a mean age of 72.2 ± 6.2 years were treated with 100% procedural success. Isolated aortic arch aneurysm was the principle pathology in 17 (60.7%) of patients, while chronic aortic dissection was the principle pathology in 6 (21.4%) of patients. The remaining 5 (17.8%) had combined or other pathologies. At 1 month, the vascular pathology was excluded in 25 of 26 alive patients (96.1%). The 30 days mortality rate was 7.1%, stroke rate was 3.6% (all nondisabling), and combined mortality/stroke rate was 10.7%. One-year mortality was 10.7%, without device or aneurysm-related death. Two patients (7.1%) reported stroke or transient ischemic attack at 1 year that recovered completely. One year combined mortality/stroke rate was 17.8%. There were 3 patients (10.7%) that had device-related unplanned reinterventions through 1 year.

Conclusions:
The NEXUS Aortic Arch Stent Graft System, a novel single branch, 2 stent graft system used for endovascular aortic arch repair that requires landing in the ascending aorta, demonstrates a high success rate with excellent 1 year safety and performance.
Ambulatory EEG Monitoring, Reviewing, and Interpreting
Authors: Schomer Donald L. 
Published: March 2021

Summary:
This section of this volume of the Journal of Neurophysiology's review of ambulatory EEG (aEEG) is an overview of the uses of the technique, the clinicians who most often use it, and why they use it. It looks at the use of aEEG from the perspectives of the “generalist” and the “specialist” and discusses where they have similar interests and where their interest may diverge. It compares the use of aEEG to the more classic inpatient-based epilepsy monitoring unit service and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches (aEEG vs. epilepsy monitoring unit). This section then reviews how aEEGs are clinically interpreted based on a best practices approach and how aEEGs can be modified to address recording problems that, until recently, have been approached only in an epilepsy monitoring unit environment. Finally, this section addresses the qualifications necessary for the proper interpretation and reporting of aEEG studies. At the end of this section, there are five case examples using aEEG techniques that demonstrate various aspects covered in this section. These case reports demonstrate not only the utility of aEEG but also show how aEEG recordings can be integrated into the care of complex clinical situations that are frequently encountered not only by the practicing generalists but also by epilepsy specialists who practices out of a comprehensive epilepsy program.