bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climatology of Tropical Cyclone Seed Frequency and Survival Rate in Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Ikehata Kohsuke , Satoh Masaki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe relative contribution of tropical cyclone (TC) seed frequency and survival rate to TC frequency, together with factors affecting both, are investigated by focusing on monthly or interannual variations during boreal summers in 2000–2018. In this study, TC seeds are defined as weak lower‐tropospheric vortices. The results show that variation in TC frequency is controlled mainly by the survival rate interannually and horizontally. Survival rates vary with environmental fields, particularly those represented by a genesis potential index and thermodynamic variables at the initial stage of corresponding TC seeds, whereas the variation in TC seed frequency is correlated with monthly mean lower‐tropospheric relative vorticity and vertical velocity. These results suggest that large‐scale environmental fields affect TC frequency mainly through the survival rate, and low‐level vorticity and vertical motion are related to the TC seed frequency.
The Role of the Pacific‐Japan Pattern in Extreme Heatwaves Over Korea and Japan
Authors: Noh El , Kim Joowan , Jun Sang‐Yoon , Cha Dong‐Hyun , Park Myung‐Sook , Kim Joo‐Hong , Kim Hyeong‐Gyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the Northwestern Pacific, the meridionally propagating Rossby waves, known as the Pacific‐Japan (PJ) pattern, is the dominant teleconnection pattern and is considered as a source of heatwaves in East Asia. In this study, the circulation and thermodynamic characteristics of these patterns were investigated based on daily timescale to evaluate their relationship with the likelihood of heatwaves in Korea and Japan. The investigations reveal that stations in Korea and Japan record approximately 90% increase in extremely hot days (Tmax > 35°C) during the positive PJ pattern events. According to thermodynamic budget, horizontal heat advection is a key factor for the observed near‐surface warming during the positive PJ. The circulation pattern during the positive PJ largely explains the enhanced warm advection and physical heating due to the increased insolation and adiabatic heating are secondary factors for near‐surface warming. This phenomenon is robustly observed regardless of the definition.
Global Impacts From High‐Latitude Storms on Titan
Authors: Battalio Joseph Michael , Lora Juan Manuel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne of the first large cloud systems ever observed on Titan was a stationary event at the southern pole that lasted almost two full Titan days. Its stationary nature and large extent are puzzling given that low‐level winds should transport clouds eastward, pointing to a mechanism such as atmospheric waves propagating against the mean flow. We use a composite of 47 large convective events across 15 Titan years of simulations from the Titan Atmospheric Model to show that Rossby waves trigger polar convection—which halts the waves and produces stationary precipitation—and then communicate its impact globally. In the aftermath of the convection, forced waves undergo a complicated evolution, including cross‐equatorial propagation and tropical‐extratropical interaction. The resulting global impact from convection implies its detectability anywhere on Titan, both via surface measurements of pressure and temperature and through remote observation of the outgoing longwave radiation, which increases by globally.
Early Burial Mud Diapirism: Lateral Overpressure Transfer and Slope Failure in a Deformed Foredeep
Authors: Oppo Davide , Capozzi Rossella , Tingay Mark , Marabini Stefano 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderstanding triggers and evolution of post‐depositional sediment intrusion is of major importance to decrease the risk associated with hazards to infrastructure and environment from events such as submarine landslides and fluid escape. Whereas deep‐sourced intrusions (>1 km) are widely documented, early burial examples are poorly recognized and have been described only in large deltas. Their formation had not yet been documented in deformed foredeeps. Here, we show an exceptionally well‐exposed, early burial mud diapir in the Northern Apennines fold and thrust belt. Disequilibrium compaction and tectonic basin tilt led to lateral pressure migration within shallow (<200 m) sediments. As a result, near‐lithostatic overpressure developed at the basin margin causing sediment intrusion and destabilization of the slope. This work shows that early burial mud diapirs can develop in deformed foredeeps with similar characteristics to their deep‐rooted counterparts, with important implications for hazard assessment in areas non‐traditionally prone to shallow overpressure buildup.
Reconstructing Substorms via Historical Data Mining: Is It Really Feasible?
Authors: Tsyganenko N. A. , Andreeva V. A. , Sitnov M. I. , Stephens G. K. , Gjerloev J. W. , Chu X. , Troshichev O. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe evolution of the low‐latitude magnetosphere over the substorm cycle is reconstructed based on a new high‐resolution 3D representation of the magnetic field and nearest‐neighbor data mining. The study covers radial distances 2.5–25 and employs a record‐large pool of spacecraft data taken during 1995–2019. The magnetospheric state is quantified by four indices, representing the ground geomagnetic activity and its temporal trends in the entire range of geomagnetic latitude: the SuperMAG SMR, the midlatitude positive bay MPB, the auroral SML, and the polar cap PC index. The developed technique has been tested on specific substorm events, with the results presented in the form of 5‐min cadence diagrams and animations of the magnetic field line configurations and electric current distributions. In all the analyzed events, the initial intensification and radial expansion of the inner tail current is accompanied by a gradual stretching of the magnetic field, followed by its sudden collapse, dramatic depletion of the current beyond , and a large‐scale dipolarization of the field around the time of MPB peak, after which the system recovers and tends to its pre‐substorm state.
Ectomycorrhizal access to organic nitrogen mediates CO2 fertilization response in a dominant temperate tree
Authors: Pellitier Peter T. , Ibáñez Inés , Zak Donald R. , Argiroff William A. , Acharya Kirk 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPlant–mycorrhizal interactions mediate plant nitrogen (N) limitation and can inform model projections of the duration and strength of the effect of increasing CO2on plant growth. We present dendrochronological evidence of a positive, but context-dependent fertilization response ofQuercus rubra L. to increasing ambient CO2(iCO2) along a natural soil nutrient gradient in a mature temperate forest. We investigated this heterogeneous response by linking metagenomic measurements of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal N-foraging traits and dendrochronological models of plant uptake of inorganic N and N bound in soil organic matter (N-SOM). N-SOM putatively enhanced tree growth under conditions of low inorganic N availability, soil conditions where ECM fungal communities possessed greater genomic potential to decay SOM and obtain N-SOM. These trees were fertilized by 38 years of iCO2. In contrast, trees occupying inorganic N rich soils hosted ECM fungal communities with reduced SOM decay capacity and exhibited neutral growth responses to iCO2. This study elucidates how the distribution of N-foraging traits among ECM fungal communities govern tree access to N-SOM and subsequent growth responses to iCO2.
Prokaryotic viruses impact functional microorganisms in nutrient removal and carbon cycle in wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Chen Yiqiang , Wang Yulin , Paez-Espino David , Polz Martin F. , Zhang Tong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs one of the largest biotechnological applications, activated sludge (AS) systems in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) harbor enormous viruses, with 10-1,000-fold higher concentrations than in natural environments. However, the compositional variation and host-connections of AS viruses remain poorly explored. Here, we report a catalogue of ~50,000 prokaryotic viruses from six WWTPs, increasing the number of described viral species of AS by 23-fold, and showing the very high viral diversity which is largely unknown (98.4-99.6% of total viral contigs). Most viral genera are represented in more than one AS system with 53 identified across all. Viral infection widely spans 8 archaeal and 58 bacterial phyla, linking viruses with aerobic/anaerobic heterotrophs, and other functional microorganisms controlling nitrogen/phosphorous removal. Notably, Mycobacterium, notorious for causing AS foaming, is associated with 402 viral genera. Our findings expand the current AS virus catalogue and provide reference for the phage treatment to control undesired microorganisms in WWTPs.
Role of the social factors in success of solar photovoltaic reuse and recycle programmes
Authors: Walzberg Julien , Carpenter Alberta , Heath Garvin A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBy 2050, the cumulative mass of end-of-life photovoltaic (PV) modules may reach 80 Mt globally. The impacts could be mitigated by module recycling, repair and reuse; however, previous studies of PV circularity omit the consideration of critical social factors. Here we used an agent-based model to integrate social aspects with techno-economic factors, which provides a more realistic assessment of the circularity potential for previously studied interventions that assesses additional interventions that cannot be analysed using techno-economic analysis alone. We also performed a global sensitivity analysis using a machine-learning metamodel. We show that to exclude social factors underestimates the effect of lower recycling prices on PV material circularity, which highlights the relevance of considering social factors in future studies. Interventions aimed at changing customer attitudes about used PV boost the reuse of modules, although used modules can only satisfy one-third of the US demand during 2020–2050, which suggests that reuse should be complemented by recycling.
Biomolecular insights into North African-related ancestry, mobility and diet in eleventh-century Al-Andalus
Authors: Silva Marina , Oteo-García Gonzalo , Martiniano Rui , Guimarães João , von Tersch Matthew , Madour Ali , Shoeib Tarek , Fichera Alessandro , Justeau Pierre , Foody M. George B. , McGrath Krista , Barrachina Amparo , Palomar Vicente , Dulias Katharina , Yau Bobby , Gandini Francesca , Clarke Douglas J. , Rosa Alexandra , Brehm António , Flaquer Antònia , Rito Teresa , Olivieri Anna , Achilli Alessandro , Torroni Antonio , Gómez-Carballa Alberto , Salas Antonio , Bryk Jaroslaw , Ditchfield Peter W. , Alexander Michelle , Pala Maria , Soares Pedro A. , Edwards Ceiridwen J. , Richards Martin B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHistorical records document medieval immigration from North Africa to Iberia to create Islamic al-Andalus. Here, we present a low-coverage genome of an eleventh century CE man buried in an Islamic necropolis in Segorbe, near Valencia, Spain. Uniparental lineages indicate North African ancestry, but at the autosomal level he displays a mosaic of North African and European-like ancestries, distinct from any present-day population. Altogether, the genome-wide evidence, stable isotope results and the age of the burial indicate that his ancestry was ultimately a result of admixture between recently arrived Amazigh people (Berbers) and the population inhabiting the Peninsula prior to the Islamic conquest. We detect differences between our sample and a previously published group of contemporary individuals from Valencia, exemplifying how detailed, small-scale aDNA studies can illuminate fine-grained regional and temporal differences. His genome demonstrates how ancient DNA studies can capture portraits of past genetic variation that have been erased by later demographic shifts—in this case, most likely the seventeenth century CE expulsion of formerly Islamic communities as tolerance dissipated following theReconquistaby the Catholic kingdoms of the north.
Characterization of Vegard strain related to exceptionally fast Cu-chemical diffusion in Cu$$_2$$Mo$$_6$$S$$_8$$ by an advanced electrochemical strain microscopy method
Authors: Badur Sebastian , Renz Diemo , Cronau Marvin , Göddenhenrich Thomas , Dietzel Dirk , Roling Bernhard , Schirmeisen André 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElectrochemical strain microscopy (ESM) has been developed with the aim of measuring Vegard strains in mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIECs), such as electrode materials for Li-ion batteries, caused by local changes in the chemical composition. In this technique, a voltage-biased AFM tip is used in contact resonance mode. However, extracting quantitative strain information from ESM experiments is highly challenging due to the complexity of the signal generation process. In particular, electrostatic interactions between tip and sample contribute significantly to the measured ESM signals, and the separation of Vegard strain-induced signal contributions from electrostatically induced signal contributions is by no means a trivial task. Recently, we have published a compensation method for eliminating frequency-independent electrostatic contributions in ESM measurements. Here, we demonstrate the potential of this method for detecting Vegard strain in MIECs by choosing Cu$$_2$$

2

Mo$$_6$$

6

S$$_8$$

8

as a model-type MIEC with an exceptionally high Cu chemical diffusion coefficient. Even for this material, Vegard strains are only measurable around and above room-temperature and with proper elimination of electrostatics. The analyis of the measured Vegards strains gives strong indication that due to a high charge transfer resistance at the tip/interface, the local Cu concentration variations are much smaller than predicted by the local Nernst equation. This suggests that charge transfer resistances have to be analyzed in more detail in future ESM studies.
Functional versus morphological assessment of vascular age in patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Yurdadogan Tino , Malsch Carolin , Kotseva Kornelia , Wood David , Leyh Rainer , Ertl Georg , Karmann Wolfgang , Müller-Scholden Lara , Morbach Caroline , Breunig Margret , Wagner Martin , Gelbrich Götz , Bots Michiel L. , Heuschmann Peter U. , Störk Stefan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCommunicating cardiovascular risk based on individual vascular age (VA) is a well acknowledged concept in patient education and disease prevention. VA may be derived functionally, e.g. by measurement of pulse wave velocity (PWV), or morphologically, e.g. by assessment of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether both approaches produce similar results. Within the context of the German subset of the EUROASPIRE IV survey, 501 patients with coronary heart disease underwent (a) oscillometric PWV measurement at the aortic, carotid-femoral and brachial-ankle site (PWVao, PWVcf, PWVba) and derivation of the aortic augmentation index (AIao); (b) bilateral cIMT assessment by high-resolution ultrasound at three sites (common, bulb, internal). Respective VA was calculated using published equations. According to VA derived from PWV, most patients exhibited values below chronological age indicating a counterintuitive healthier-than-anticipated vascular status: for VAPWVao in 68% of patients; for VAAIao in 52% of patients. By contrast, VA derived from cIMT delivered opposite results: e.g. according to VAtotal-cIMT accelerated vascular aging in 75% of patients. To strengthen the concept of VA, further efforts are needed to better standardise the current approaches to estimate VA and, thereby, to improve comparability and clinical utility.
Quantitative global lipidomics analysis of patients with ovarian cancer versus benign adnexal mass
Authors: Buas Matthew F. , Drescher Charles W. , Urban Nicole , Li Christopher I. , Bettcher Lisa , Hait Nitai C. , Moysich Kirsten B. , Odunsi Kunle , Raftery Daniel , Yan Li 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAltered lipid metabolism has emerged as an important feature of ovarian cancer (OC), yet the translational potential of lipid metabolites to aid in diagnosis and triage remains unproven. We conducted a multi-level interrogation of lipid metabolic phenotypes in patients with adnexal masses, integrating quantitative lipidomics profiling of plasma and ascites with publicly-available tumor transcriptome data. Using Sciex Lipidyzer, we assessed concentrations of > 500 plasma lipids in two patient cohorts—(i) a pilot set of 100 women with OC (50) or benign tumor (50), and (ii) an independent set of 118 women with malignant (60) or benign (58) adnexal mass. 249 lipid species and several lipid classes were significantly reduced in cases versus controls in both cohorts (FDR < 0.05). 23 metabolites—triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, cholesterol esters—were validated at Bonferroni significance (P < 9.16 × 10–5). Certain lipids exhibited greater alterations in early- (diacylglycerols) or late-stage (lysophospholipids) cases, and multiple lipids in plasma and ascites were positively correlated. Lipoprotein receptor gene expression differed markedly in OC versus benign tumors. Importantly, several plasma lipid species, such as DAG(16:1/18:1), improved the accuracy of CA125 in differentiating early-stage OC cases from benign controls, and conferred a 15–20% increase in specificity at 90% sensitivity in multivariate models adjusted for age and BMI. This study provides novel insight into systemic and local lipid metabolic differences between OC and benign disease, further implicating altered lipid uptake in OC biology, and advancing plasma lipid metabolites as a complementary class of circulating biomarkers for OC diagnosis and triage.
Thermoregulatory role of ghrelin in the induction of torpor under a restricted feeding condition
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Oishi Kanae , Koga Daisuke , Ida Takanori , Sakai Yusuke , Kangawa Kenji , Kojima Masayasu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGhrelin, a circulating orexigenic hormone secreted from the stomach, stimulates appetite and food intake by activating the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Administration of exogenous ghrelin exerts anabolic effects, causing weight gain, increased adiposity, and decreased metabolism. Body temperature (BT), which is determined by the balance of heat production and heat loss, must be strictly regulated to maintain proper cellular function and metabolism. However, the role of ghrelin in thermoregulation remains unclear. In this study, we found that ghrelin was essential for decreasing BT when mice are placed under calorie restriction. Elevated ghrelin concentrations induced by fasting correlated with significant decreases in BT, a hibernation-like state called torpor. Ghrelin-deficient (Ghrl−/−) animals could not enter torpor. The BT of Ghrl−/− mice also remained high under restricted feeding, but the animals gradually entered precipitous hypothermia, indicating thermoregulatory impairment. These effects of ghrelin on thermoregulation were the result of suppression of sympathetic nervous system activity input to brown adipose tissue; in the absence of ghrelin, it was not possible to suppress uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1) expression and decrease BT in low-energy states. Together, these findings demonstrate that ghrelin is an essential circulating hormone involved in lowering BT.
Selection of mesophotic habitats by Oculina patagonica in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea following global warming
Authors: Martinez Stephane , Bellworthy Jessica , Ferrier-Pagès Christine , Mass Tali 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGlobally, species are migrating in an attempt to track optimal isotherms as climate change increasingly warms existing habitats. Stony corals are severely threatened by anthropogenic warming, which has resulted in repeated mass bleaching and mortality events. Since corals are sessile as adults and with a relatively old age of sexual maturity, they are slow to latitudinally migrate, but corals may also migrate vertically to deeper, cooler reefs. Herein we describe vertical migration of the Mediterranean coral Oculina patagonica from less than 10 m depth to > 30 m. We suggest that this range shift is a response to rapidly warming sea surface temperatures on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline. In contrast to the vast latitudinal distance required to track temperature change, this species has migrated deeper where summer water temperatures are up to 2 °C cooler. Comparisons of physiology, morphology, trophic position, symbiont type, and photochemistry between deep and shallow conspecifics revealed only a few depth-specific differences. At this study site, shallow colonies typically inhabit low light environments (caves, crevices) and have a facultative relationship with photosymbionts. We suggest that this existing phenotype aided colonization of the mesophotic zone. This observation highlights the potential for other marine species to vertically migrate.
Observation of pressure induced charge density wave order and eightfold structure in bulk VSe2
Authors: Guo Zhiying , Hao Xingyu , Dong Juncai , Li Haijing , Liao Jiangwen , Chen Dongliang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPressure-induced charge density wave (CDW) state can overcome the low-temperature limitation for practical application, thus seeking its traces in experiments is of great importance. Herein, we provide spectroscopic evidence for the emergence of room temperature CDW order in the narrow pressure range of 10–15 GPa in bulk VSe2. Moreover, we discovered an 8-coordination structure of VSe2 with C2/m symmetry in the pressure range of 35–65 GPa by combining the X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction experiments, and the first-principles calculations. These findings are beneficial for furthering our understanding of the charge modulated structure and its behavior under high pressure.
Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with unilateral retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Ahn Jayoung , Hwang Daniel Duck-Jin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated longitudinal changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness in eyes affected with branch and central retinal vein occlusion (BRVO and CRVO, respectively) and fellow eyes. This retrospective case–control study included patients with newly diagnosed unilateral BRVO (46 patients) or unilateral CRVO (27 patients). The control group included 48 patients without abnormal findings on the fundus examination. Global and all-sector pRNFL thicknesses were greater in eyes with BRVO and CRVO than in fellow eyes at baseline; however, at 24 months, this difference remained only in the temporal sector of eyes affected with CRVO. Although the global pRNFL thicknesses of the fellow eyes in the BRVO and CRVO groups decreased significantly at 24 months compared to baseline (p = 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively), there was no significant difference in the normal control group (p = 0.824). The global, inferior temporal, and inferior nasal pRNFL thicknesses at 12 and 24 months were significantly lower in the fellow eyes of the CRVO group than in those of the BRVO and normal control groups. The fellow eyes of patients with BRVO and CRVO suffered a significant reduction in pRNFL thickness compared to normal controls, indicating that they are susceptible to pRNFL damage.