bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review on Experimental Models for Screening Plant Food and Human
Nutrition
Authors: Majumdar Ashish , Pandey Ravindra Kumar , Shukla Shiv Shankar , Gidwani Beena 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Malnutrition is a common universal health problem, but it is more
chronic for developing countries. Due to increasing nursing home recognition, it has become a
major research priority internationally. Lower immunity due to malnutrition has a high prevalence
and other clinical consequences. Disease-related malnutrition is potentially severe for patients
and has a high economic impact on the healthcare system.

Objectives:
The aim of this review is to describe various experimental models employed for
the evaluation of malnutrition and immunomodulatory activities.

Methods:
This review is intended for both clinicians and researchers to describe several
screening methods that better suit the type of lead compounds and are suitable for screening
molecules for better treatment outcomes.

Results:
This review focuses on the various screening methods for the evaluation of malnutrition
and suggests their implications in the research and practice.

Conclusion:
The malnutrition-induced diseases cause a rise in health care costs that can be
minimized with an introduction of drugs and nutritional supplements by selecting proper
screening models and performing exhaustive research.
Ginkgo Biloba: A Famous Living Fossil Tree and an Ancient Herbal
Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Sun Wenli , Cheng Qi 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) is a living fossil and a deciduous tree, having
extracts with antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, antihypertensive, immunostimulating, hepatoprotective,
and antimicrobial activities, memory enhancement efficiency, and beneficial effects
against neurodegenerative disease.

Objective:
This study aimed at evaluating the medicinal values and natural benefits of Ginkgo.

Methods:
This review investigated publication in MEDLINE/PubMed database and Google
Scholar. The keywords used for an electronic search were Ginkgo biloba, living fossil, bioactive
components, and traditional Chinese medicine.

Results:
The main active constituents of Ginkgo biloba are flavone glycosides such as
kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin, terpene lactones, alkylphenols, proanthocyanidins,
rhamnose, glucose, D-glucaric acid, ginkgolic acid, organic acids such as hydroxykinurenic,
kynurenic, protocatechic, shikimic, and vanillic. Ginkgo kernels have been used as medicine or
eaten as nuts in traditional medicinal science. The most notable pharmaceutical applications of
Ginkgo are observed in cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, impaired cerebral performance,
vascular insufficiency, antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction, premenstrual syndrome,
liver fibrosis, vascular disease, tinnitus, macular degeneration, memory, and vertigo.

Conclusion:
The development of modern drugs from Ginkgo by considering the importance of
traditional medicinal Asian science with further research works should be emphasized.
Concurrent Training for Women in Menopause: Protocol of a Randomized
Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Fausto Danielly Yani , Klen Juliana Araujo , Pogere Adriane , Sperandio Fabiana Flores , de Carvalho Souza Vieira Melissa , Alexandre Kettlyn Hames , de Azevedo Guimarães Adriana Coutinho 
Published: September 2021

Objective:
To propose a concurrent training protocol and evaluate the effects on depressive
symptoms, anxiety, mood, sexual function, body fat, muscular strength, cardiorespiratory capability,
and hormonal profile of women in menopause through a randomized controlled trial.

Methods:
This is a randomized clinical trial of two arms with 6 months of intervention with concurrent
training with menopausal women (40 to 59 years old) with positive symptomatology to the
Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) questionnaire and blood collection of Follicle Stimulating Hormone
(FSH) ≥25 UI/ml, being randomly and distributed in two groups: experimental group (EG)
and control group (CG). In the first trimester, there will be 30 minutes of aerobic training and 30
minutes of resistance training; in the second trimester, 40 minutes of aerobic training and 20 minutes
of resistance training. The weekly frequency will be 3 times a week, with sessions lasting 60
minutes, going through a period of neuromuscular adaptation. The intensity will be increased each
month according to individual needs. The control group will maintain its activities, normally receiving
monthly calls to control and monitor its usual daily activities.

Main outcome measures:
Comparative analyzes will be applied between the results of EG and
CG after the intervention period, and also pre-and post-intragroup tests within both groups in order
to observe possible changes after the intervention.

Conclusion:
It is believed that this protocol is capable of treating the psychological, physical symptoms,
hormonal profile, and sexual function of menopausal women.
Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel 1,2,4-triazine Derivatives Containing
Thiazole Ring against Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Mohamed Heba , AL-Ghareeb Mohamed , Abd-Allah Raghda 
Published: September 2021

Background:
New 6-hydroxy-5-(p-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-phenyl-2- [(5-pchlorophenyl)-
1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-1, 2, 4-triazine derivatives containing a thiazole ring were synthesised
as potential antitumor agents.

Methods:
Cytotoxicity of compounds (3) and (4) was evaluated in human hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC) cell lines (HepG2); compound (3) showed more cytotoxicity (IC50=9.0μg/ml) than compound
(4) (IC50=18.40μg/ml) using doxorubicin as standard. The degree of toxicity of compound
(3) was assessed by the LD50 with its anticancer performance by suppressing tumor angiogenesis
against diethylnitrosamine (DENA) induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in male rat model.

Results :
Carcinogenic rats showed a significant increase in markers of angiogenesis, tumour
growth, and liver function tests and malondialdehyde level coupled with reduced hepatic glutathione
level and caspase-3 activity. The distribution of compound (3) to animals after the development
of HCC improved biochemical alterations from a DENA chemical carcinogen that is confirmed
by hepatic histopathology.

Conclusion:
Compound 3 perhaps utilized as a strong applicant for newly therapeutic protocols
against hepatocarcinogenesis by controlling tumor angiogenesis and renovating the activity of hepatic
marker enzymes in addition to reversing the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in corporation with
amelioration of histopathology. While the trial supports the use of compound 3 for improved HCC
outcome and the toxicity and side effects should be considered.
Anticancer Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles In Vitro Studies
Authors: Martínez-Esquivias Fernando , Gutiérrez-Angulo Melva , Pérez-Larios Alejandro , Sánchez-Burgos Jorge Alberto , Becerra-Ruiz Julieta Sarai , Guzmán-Flores Juan Manuel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Health systems worldwide consider cancer a disease that causes the highest number of deaths per year. The
low efficacy of current cancer therapies has led other areas of science to search for new alternatives, including nanomaterial
sciences. Selenium nanoparticles have anticancer activity, as revealed by in vitro tests performed on prostate,
breast, cervical, lung, colorectal, and liver cancer cell lines. Studies attribute anticancer activity to the anti-metastatic
effect due to the inhibition of migration and invasion processes. The antiproliferative effect is the low expression of
molecules such as cyclin D1, cyclin E, and CDK2. In addition to the activation of cell apoptosis by caspase-dependent
mechanisms, there is a low expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and a high expression of the apoptotic
proteins like Bax and Bad. Other studies attribute anticancer activity to the activation of cell necroptosis, where molecules
such as TNF and IRF1 participate. The pharmacological potential of selenium nanoparticles depends primarily on
the administered dose, particle size, and chemical composition. Furthermore, several studies have shown that the administration
of these nanoparticles is safe due to their low toxicity in non-cancerous cells. In this review, the most
relevant antecedents on the anticancer potential of selenium nanoparticles in prostate, breast, cervical, lung, liver, and
colorectal cancer cell lines are discussed.
Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Copper
Nanoparticles from the Rhizomes Extract of Picrorhiza kurroa
Authors: Prakash Vinit , Kumari Anjana , Kaur Harpreet , Kumar Manoj , Gupta Sumeet , Bala Ritu 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Green synthesized nanoparticles from the solvent extract of various plant
parts show better biological activities as compared to parent solvent plant extract. Traditionally rhizomes
of Picrorhiza kurroa are used to cure various diseases like diarrhea, fever, jaundice, eye infection,
skin problems, asthma, arthritis, cancer, diabetes, gastrointestinal problems.

Objectives:
The present study describes the synthesis of copper nanoparticles from a hydroethanolic
extract of P. kurroa rhizomes (CuNPs-Pk) and their evaluation for antimicrobial activities against
gram-negative, gram-positive bacterial, and fungal strains.

Methods:
The solution of copper sulfate and hydroethanolic extract of rhizomes of P. kurroa was
mixed with help of a magnetic stirrer at 60°C temperature for 1 h. The blue color of CuSO4.5H2O
changed to brownish-black colored copper nanoparticles within 10 minutes. These nanoparticles
were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 20 min, washed with ethanol, followed by deionized water, dried,
and were characterized by Ultra violet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra, Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution
transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Different concentrations of hydroethanolic extract
of Picrorhiza kurroa rhizomes (HEEPk), CuNPs-Pk and copper oxide nanoparticles (bare CuO)
ranging from 100-400 ppm had been studied against selected bacterial and fungal strains by using
the well plate diffusion method. Ciprofloxin and fluconazole were used as standard and Dimethyl
sulfoxide (DMSO) as a control for selected strains.

Results:
The UV-Vis spectral studies confirmed the surface plasmon resonance of green-synthesized
CuNPs-Pk. The particle size was found to be 275-285 nm. FTIR analysis of biosynthesis
nanoparticles conformed the presence of various functional groups (flavonoids, glycosides, tannins,
phenols). SEM and TEM of biosynthesized nanoparticles have predicted their spherical shape
and their size (20-40 nm) and these particles have shown effective antimicrobial activities against
selected pathogenic organisms viz. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus niger
than that of HEEPk and bare CuO.

Conclusions:
The CuNPs-Pk shows effective antimicrobial activities against bacterial and fungal
pathogens as compared to HEEPk and bare CuO.
Using Google Trends to Inform the Population Size Estimation and Spatial Distribution of Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men: Proof-of-concept Study
Authors: Card Kiffer G , Lachowsky Nathan J , Hogg Robert S 
Published: September 2021

Background
We must triangulate data sources to understand best the spatial distribution and population size of marginalized populations to empower public health leaders to address population-specific needs. Existing population size estimation techniques are difficult and limited.

Objective
We sought to identify a passive surveillance strategy that utilizes internet and social media to enhance, validate, and triangulate population size estimates of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM).

Methods
We explored the Google Trends platform to approximate an estimate of the spatial heterogeneity of the population distribution of gbMSM. This was done by comparing the prevalence of the search term “gay porn” with that of the search term “porn.”

Results
Our results suggested that most cities have a gbMSM population size between 2% and 4% of their total population, with large urban centers having higher estimates relative to rural or suburban areas. This represents nearly a double up of population size estimates compared to that found by other methods, which typically find that between 1% and 2% of the total population are gbMSM. We noted that our method was limited by unequal coverage in internet usage across Canada and differences in the frequency of porn use by gender and sexual orientation.

Conclusions
We argue that Google Trends estimates may provide, for many public health planning purposes, adequate city-level estimates of gbMSM population size in regions with a high prevalence of internet access and for purposes in which a precise or narrow estimate of the population size is not required. Furthermore, the Google Trends platform does so in less than a minute at no cost, making it extremely timely and cost-effective relative to more precise (and complex) estimates. We also discuss future steps for further validation of this approach.
Learning About the Current State of Digital Mental Health Interventions for Canadian Youth to Inform Future Decision-Making: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Kemp Jessica , Chorney Jill , Kassam Iman , MacDonald Julie , MacDonald Tara , Wozney Lori , Strudwick Gillian 
Published: September 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the demand for youth mental health services in Canada as disruptions to clinical care continue to persist due to the risk of transmission and exposure to the virus. Digital mental health interventions, including web-based resources and mobile apps, have provided opportunities to support youth mental health remotely across Canada. There is a need to better understand how these digital interventions are being selected, recommended, and used in various regions across Canada.

Objective
A national jurisdictional scan was completed to (1) determine what web-based programs, apps, and websites are promoted and licensed in Canada for youth mental health; (2) identify criteria and decision-making processes that Canadian jurisdictions use to select web-based programs, apps, and websites for youth mental health; and (3) identify upcoming trends, innovations, and digital mental health possibilities that are emerging in the youth sector.

Methods
The aims of the jurisdictional scan were addressed through a review of related academic and grey literature; stakeholder interviews, including individuals involved in various areas of the youth mental health sector; and a social media review of pertinent Twitter content.

Results
A total of 66 web-based resources and apps were identified for use by youth in Canada. 16 stakeholder interviews were completed and included discussions with researchers, clinicians, youth organizations, and others involved in digital interventions for youth mental health. These discussions identified a limited use of frameworks used to guide decision-making processes when selecting digital interventions. Many clinicians agreed on a similar set of eligibility requirements for youth mental health apps and digital resources, such as the evidence base and cultural relevance of the intervention. Stakeholders also identified upcoming trends and innovations in the youth digital mental health space, including artificial intelligence, digital phenotyping, and personalized therapy. Over 4 weeks, 2184 tweets were reviewed to identify and compare global and national trends and innovations involving digital mental health and youth. Key trends included the promotion of regional chat services as well as the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth mental health and access to care.

Conclusions
As organizations begin to plan for the delivery of mental health care following the pandemic, there are concerns about the sustainability of these digital mental health interventions as well as a need for services to be more informed by the experiences and preferences of youth.
A Program to Improve Digital Access and Literacy Among Community Stakeholders: Cohort Study
Authors: Drazich Brittany F , Nyikadzino Yeukai , Gleason Kelly T 
Published: September 2021

Background
For many research teams, the role of community stakeholders is critical. However, community stakeholders, especially those in low-income settings, are at risk of being excluded from research and community engagement initiatives during and after the COVID-19 pandemic because of the rapid transition to digital operations.

Objective
We aimed to describe the implementation and feasibility of a program called Addressing the Digital Divide to Improve Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, which was designed to address barriers to technology use, and to examine changes in participants’ perceived comfort with digital technology before and after the program.

Methods
To promote full engagement, we worked with 20 existing community leaders to cocreate a training course on using digital technology. We assessed the frequency of technology use and comfort with technology through an adapted 8-item version of the Functional Assessment of Comfort Employing Technology Scale and used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for survey analysis. We also conducted a focus group session with 10 participants and then performed reflective journaling and content analysis to determine emergent themes.

Results
We found that the program was feasible to implement and worthwhile for participants (15/16, 94%). After the program, the participants perceived an increase in the frequency of technology use (z=2.76, P=.006). The participants reported that the program was successful because of the technology training program, but recommended that the program have a slower pace and include a helpline number that they could call with questions.

Conclusions
Future programs should consider that populations with low literacy view technology training as a core element to decreasing technology disparity. This study demonstrates that through low-cost input, community members can be provided the resources and training needed to virtually participate in research studies or community engagement initiatives.
The relevance of pedigrees in the conservation genomics era.
Authors: Galla Stephanie , Brown Liz , Couch-Lewis Yvette , Cubrinovska Ilina , Eason Daryl , Gooley Rebecca , Hamilton Jill , Heath Julie , Hauser Samantha , Latch Emily , Matocq Marjorie , Richardson Anne , Wold Jana , Hogg Carolyn J. , Santure Anna , Steeves Tammy 
Published: September 2021

Over the past 50 years conservation genetics has developed a substantive
toolbox to inform species management. One of the most long-standing
tools available to manage genetics - the pedigree - has been widely used
to characterize diversity and maximize evolutionary potential in
threatened populations. Now, with the ability to use high throughput
sequencing (HTS) to estimate relatedness, inbreeding, and genome-wide
functional diversity, some have asked whether it is warranted for
conservation biologists to continue collecting and collating pedigrees
for species management. In this perspective, we argue that pedigrees
remain a relevant tool, and when combined with genomic data, create an
invaluable resource for conservation genomic management. Genomic data
can address pedigree pitfalls (e.g., founder relatedness, missing data,
uncertainty), and in return robust pedigrees allow for more nuanced
research design, including well-informed sampling strategies and
quantitative analyses (e.g., heritability, linkage) to better inform
genomic inquiry. We further contend that building and maintaining
pedigrees provides an opportunity to strengthen trusted relationships
among conservation researchers, practitioners, Indigenous Peoples, and
local communities.
Keywords: conservation genomics, quantitative genetics,
pedigree, kinship,ex situ , in situ
Ultra-Rapid-Acting Insulins: How Fast Is Really Needed?
Authors: Wong Eva Y. , Kroon Lisa 
Published: September 2021

Objective.
To review the new ultra-rapid-acting insulin analogs and describe the benefits and limitations compared with other bolus insulins.

Summary.
The options for bolus insulins, which are usually taken at mealtime or for correction of hyperglycemia, are expanding, with recent approvals of faster-acting insulin aspart and insulin lispro-aabc. These new-generation insulins contain additives that enhance absorption and accelerate onset of action. Clinical studies demonstrate that, although these insulins are faster acting, their efficacy for A1C lowering and safety in terms of hypoglycemia risk are similar to those of other available bolus insulin options such as rapid-acting insulin analogs. However, their use resulted in significant reductions in 1- and 2-hour postprandial glucose levels.

Conclusion.
Novel ultra-rapid-acting insulins provide additional bolus insulin options, and their quick onset of action provides additional dosing flexibility for people with diabetes. Given their comparable efficacy and safety compared to other quick-acting insulins, health care providers should engage in shared decision-making with patients and their caregivers regarding possible use of ultra-rapid-acting insulin, taking into account their preferences, individualized considerations, and insurance formulary coverage. These new insulin formulations may be a suitable option for people with diabetes who are not able to achieve postprandial glycemic targets with other bolus insulins.
Characterization of recessed vulvas in dogs
Authors: Palerme Jean-Sébastien , Zellner Eric , Leonard Sara , Viall Austin K. , Berger Darren J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of vulvar recession in a large population of dogs and to compare the reproductive and physical differences between dogs with and without recessed vulvas.

ANIMALS
250 female dogs presenting to a tertiary referral institution.

PROCEDURES
Female dogs > 6 months of age presenting to a tertiary referral institution were enrolled. At enrollment, a full medical history was obtained with particular emphasis on the presence of lower urinary tract (LUT) disease in the 3 months prior to presentation. All dogs underwent a full physical examination including perivulvar cytologic examination and scoring of the degree of perivulvar skin coverage on the basis of an 8-point scale. Dogs with scores of ≥ 7 were classified as having recessed vulvas. When available, urinalysis data were also included.

RESULTS
Recessed vulvas were identified in 36 of 250 (14%) dogs. Dogs with recessed vulvas had significantly higher body condition scores and body weights than unaffected dogs. In addition, recessed vulvas were more common in spayed than sexually intact dogs. Dogs spayed at ≤ 1 year of age were almost 3 times as likely to have vulvar recession, compared with dogs spayed at > 1 year of age. No significant difference was identified between affected and unaffected dogs with respect to the prevalence of LUT signs, urinary tract infections, or perivulvar dermatitis.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Although recessed vulvas were relatively common in dogs, they did not appear to be associated with an increased risk of LUT disease or perivulvar dermatitis.