bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the potential resiliencies of traditional urban fabric.. Bazaar area in Sulaimani as a case study
Authors: Rasul Hoshyar Qadir 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The city is characterized by structure, urban space organization, and specific configurations of the urban fabric. These factors act on distinguishing the city and give it a specific identity with specific features. The urban fabric is different, according to its morphology, planning, and design characteristics. Thus, if we know that the city, affecting and affected by rapid changes in its structure, configuration and space organization, these changes and transformations, according to its topological relations, places and its structure are different in between the city. At the same time, the severity and degree of these impacts also vary from one another location. More areas that resist and hold up against these changes and maintain their structure are the traditional urban areas, usually located in city centers, which retain their identity, authenticity, and urban and physical specificities. The study attempt to find out and diagnose the factors affecting, and then clarify the features, which lead to making the fabric retain its originality, stand up against winds of ongoing changes and transformations that occur in traditional urban fabrics when comparing with other areas in the city. The formation of the urban fabric appears as a result of a balance between internal and external forces, or in other words between more complex relationships, between parts with each other and parts with the whole, acting on its explicit and implicit structure. Implicit structure (genetic system) represents the potentiality, which our study aims to explore its configuration as an objective of the study as well. The research adopted space syntax methodology and its applications to arrive at the traditional know-how, which had weaved the rules of its nature, and also to verify the research hypothesis and achieve its objectives, too. Finally, the study found that the system of relationships that exists between (parts – parts) and (parts – whole), and the nature of these relationships had granted the area its uniqueness to persist against any deformation or rapid transformation over time.
Novel Oral-edaravone Attenuates Diastolic Dysfunction of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Ling , Zeng Yue-Qin , Gu Juan-Hua , Song Rui , Cang Peng-Hui , Xu Yong-Xuan , Shao Xiao-xia , Pu Li-Jin , Luo Hai-Yun , Zhou Xin-Fu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Diastolic dysfunction is the most common change of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), but there is no effective clinical treatment at present. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological process of diabetic diastolic dysfunction including hypertrophy, apoptosis and fibrosis. The novel Oral-edaravone (OED) alleviates oxidative stress by scavenging free radical and may be suitable for the treatment of chronic diseases such as DCM.
Methods
DCM was induced by high sugar and high fat diet with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. OED (3mg/kg/day) was administration for 4 weeks. Cardiac structure and function were measured using transthoracic echocardiography. H9C2 cardiomyocytes with Nrf2 transfection or not were incubated in glucolipotoxicity and treated with OED for 48 hours to further explore the mechanism.
Results
In type 2 diabetic rats,oral administration of OED for 4 weeks decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD). OED significantly improved E/A ratio and myocardium hypertrophy accompanied by decreased cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes, proportion of apoptotic cells, collagen volume fractions and depositions of collagen I/III. In H9C2 cells, OED reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell surface area and TUNEL-positive cells induced by glucolipotoxicity. OED remarkably up-regulated the expression of the Nrf2 signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro, further promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation and up-regulated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) and heme oxygenase (HO-1). Moreover, Nrf2 gene silencing abolished the protective effect of OED in H9c2 cells.
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrated that OED treatment has the therapeutic potential to ameliorate diastolic dysfunction of DCM. The effect is mainly achieved by attenuating hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia-induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, apoptosis and fibrosis via activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
The three-dimensional activity index – an alternative transformation to logarithmic calculus of the activity index
Authors: Fuchs Joel Emanuel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Activity Index (AI) is a well-known index for comparing the contribution of different entities on various fields, for example scientific articles from different countries on various subjects, but it lacks important properties. We will show, that the AI is a log-normal distribution and that it is common in literature to transform the AI by the logarithm to a normal distribution. Last, we will present an alternative transformation special for longitudinal data, that transforms the AI to a normal distribution, too, without the negative properties of the logarithm.
Ascaris lumbricoides causing peritonitis with multiple intestinal perforations: A case report.
Authors: CHARLORIN Patrick , Louima Osnel , PIERRE Gabriel Steve , PEIGNE Roberto , BOWDER Alexis , Andriani Maria Grazia , BODNAR Oleg 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Ascaris lumbricoides are still a burden in developing countries especially in Haiti. The lack of hygiene measures leads to an increase in morbidity and mortality due to parasitic infections. They lead to some serious complications, including bowel obstruction and peritonitis. Case presentation: We present a case of a girl (4 years old) from Haiti. She was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain and a mass in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen and some worms were palpate at the rectal exam. During the surgical procedure, a large number of alive worms and ileum's perforation holes were revealed. Ileo-ileal anastomosis end to end was performed. After appropriate surgical and post-operative treatment, the girl fully recovered. Conclusion: In developing countries like Haiti, ascariasis should be kept in mind as a possible etiology of peritonitis in infants.
Reproductive history differs by molecular subtypes of breast cancer among women aged ≤50 years in Scotland in 2009-16: A population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chitkara Anushri , Mesa-Eguiagaray Ines , Wild Sarah H , Hall Peter S , Cameron David , Figueroa Jonine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

The aetiology of breast cancers diagnosed ≤ 50 years of age remains unclear. We aimed to compare reproductive risk factors between molecular subtypes of breast cancer thereby suggesting possible aetiologic clues, using routinely collected cancer registry and maternity data in Scotland.
Methods

We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of 4,108 women aged ≤ 50 years with primary breast cancer diagnosed between 2009–2016 linked to maternity data. Molecular subtypes of breast cancer were defined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) tumour markers, oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), and tumour grade. Age-adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of number of births, age at first birth and time since last birth with IHC-defined breast cancer subtypes: luminal A-like, luminal B-like (HER2-), luminal B-like (HER2+), HER2-overexpressed and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).
Results

Mean (SD) for number of births, age at first birth and time since last birth was 1.4 (1.2) births, 27.2 (6.1) years and 11.0 (6.8) years, respectively. Luminal A-like was the most common subtype (40%), while HER2-overexpressed and TNBC represented 5% and 15% of cases, respectively. Larger numbers of births were recorded among women with TNBC (p-trend = 0.05) and HER2-overexpressed (p-trend = 0.03) compared with luminal A-like tumours. Women with their most recent birth > 10 years prior to being diagnosed were less likely to have TNBC or luminal B-like (HER2+) tumours compared to luminal A-like (p-trend = 6X10− 6 and 0.01, respectively. We found limited evidence for differences by subtype with age at first birth.
Conclusion

Number of births and time since last birth differed by subtypes of breast cancer among women aged ≤ 50 years. Analyses using linked routine electronic medical records by molecularly defined tumour pathology data can be used to investigate the aetiology and prognosis of cancer.
Study on the Interaction of Urban Land Price and Land Use Efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China
Authors: He Wei , Yang Jiao , Xiong ZhongQing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Taking 110 prefecture level cities in the Yangtze River economic belt from 2008 to 2017 as samples, uses SBM model, coupling coordination model and panel VAR model to study the interaction between urban land price and urban land use efficiency, in order to reveal the interactive influence differences between urban land price and land use efficiency in the region, so as to provide reference for land use management and mitigation in the region Contradiction provides reference. The results are as follows: (1) there is a two-way causal relationship between urban land price and urban land use efficiency in all types of cities, but there are regional differences in the level of significance; (2) the urban land use efficiency and land price in all types of cities have self enhancement mechanism, but they weaken over time; (3) the land price in all types of cities can be increased to a certain extent urban land use efficiency, but the improvement of different types of urban land use efficiency does not necessarily lead to the rise of land price; and (4) different types of urban land use efficiency and the ability of self-inertia enhancement of land price are different, and the mutual influence intensity between land price and land use efficiency is also different. Conclusion: The interaction between land price and land use efficiency is different in different coupling cities. In order to improve the regional land use efficiency and ease the contradiction of land use, we should make different management strategies based on the interaction between them.
Dynamic linkages between Non-renewable energy, Renewable energy and Economic growth through nonlinear ARDL approach: Evidence from Malaysia
Authors: Afroz Rafia , Muhibbullah Md 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the links between renewable energy (RE), non-renewable energy (NRE), capital, labour and economic growth, using the Non-linear Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (NARDL) model in Malaysia for the period of 1980–2018. The results of NARDL confirm the asymmetric effect of RE and NRE consumption on the economic growth in the long run as well as short run in Malaysia. The findings also show that in the long and short-run, positive shocks of NRE are greater than the positive shocks of RE. It indicates that Malaysia's economic growth is highly dependent on NRE which is not a good indication as NRE consumption increases carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in the country. Moreover, the empirical results of this study demonstrated that RE consumption reduction accelerates economic growth whereas NRE consumption reduction decreases economic growth. It can have claimed that in Malaysia RE is still more expensive than NRE. In conclusion, this study offered a variety of measures to develop RE to reduce the dependency on NRE consumption.
The Cross-Industry Universal Laws of Exponential Booking Curves
Authors: Shintani Masaru , Umeno Ken 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the e-commerce market has grown with the spread of the internet worldwide every year. Accordingly, in service industries, purchasing products with reservations has become common. With the spread of online reservations, the booking curve, which is the concept of the time series in the cumulative number of reservations and has been used for sales optimization in the airline ticket and hotel industries, has been used in various industries. Booking curves in specific industries have been studied, but a universally applicable model across various industries has not been developed. In this study, we show that booking curves can be modeled universally by the exponential decay function, and we also show that the model is valid by using real data from some industries before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, that is, under completely different market conditions. The cross-industry exponential laws of booking curves constitute an important discovery in regard to mathematical laws in the social sciences and can be applied to give leading microeconomic indicators.
Análise da Divulgação de Informações Ambientais por Empresas do Setor Elétrico: um Estudo em Empresas dos Países do BRICS
Authors: Oliveira Marcelle Colares , Damasceno Francisco Adelmo Medeiros , Amorim Sandra Michelinne Saraiva de Sousa , Gomes Carlos Adriano Santos 
Published: September 2021

O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar o nível de divulgação ambiental das empresas dos países do BRICS (Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul). A amostra é composta por empresas do setor de energia elétrica, cotadas em bolsa: 30 do Brasil, 10 da Rússia, 25 da Índia, 23 da China e duas da África. O setor elétrico foi escolhido para estudo por ter importância estratégica e estar vinculado a várias das Metas do Milênio da ONU. Os países do BRICS foram escolhidos para estudo devido sua relevância no contexto econômico mundial e seu envolvimento no atingimento do desenvolvimento sustentável. Foram utilizados os indicadores da Global Reporting Initiative como parâmetros de desempenho ambiental. Os países que apresentaram o maior nível de divulgação ambiental foram, nesta ordem, África do Sul, Brasil e Rússia, e aqueles que menos divulgaram foram Índia e China. Se a África do Sul fosse desconsiderada, por contar somente com duas empresas, o Brasil passaria a primeiro lugar no nível de divulgação. Esse estudo acrescenta conhecimentos aos estudos comparativos de países anteriores que analisam a divulgação ambiental, por pesquisar o grupo do BRICS e por tratar teórica e empiricamente de aspectos relevantes para tal análise. Não há muitas pesquisas brasileiras publicadas em periódicos no Brasil que abordam o bloco do BRICS, especialmente considerando apenas o setor elétrico sendo contribuição do presente trabalho ajudar a preencher essa lacuna de estudos sobre o BRICS, apresentando o nível de divulgação ambiental de forma conjunta e comparativa.
Idosos de Baixa Renda e o Consumo De Crédito: Uma Análise sobre as Riquezas dessa relação sob o Olhar do Marketing
Authors: Almeida Gustavo Tomaz de , Ássimos Bruno Medeiros , Batinga Georgiana Luna , Pinto Marcelo De Rezende 
Published: September 2021

Nos últimos anos, alguns pesquisadores de Marketing têm alertado para um tema pouco estudado na área: o consumo de crédito. Frente tais questões, essa pesquisa buscou compreender como os idosos de baixa renda se relacionam com o consumo de crédito, direcionando o olhar dos pesquisadores de Marketing para as riquezas dessa relação. A discussão teórica circunda para a baixa renda e sua relação com o consumo; a pluralidade de usos do crédito; bem como o consumo como forma de promulgar a (in)dependência financeira. Metodologicamente, trabalhamos por meio de uma etnografia com 120 idosos de baixa renda, realizada por três pesquisadores, de abril de 2016 até junho de 2018, totalizando mais de 400 horas de campo (1.750 páginas de texto para análise). Interpretamos as narrativas por intermédio da Análise de Conteúdo, em três categorias: (1) Particularidades da baixa renda ao se tornar idoso e usar o crédito; (2) Pluralidades de sentidos atribuídos ao crédito; (3) (In)dependência financeira e de vida do participante via crédito. Em termos de resultados, notamos que o consumo de crédito assume significados para os entrevistados em esferas sociais, políticas, culturais e históricas. Observamos também que não existe um padrão homogêneo de consumidores idosos influenciados só por fatores cognitivos e/ou comportamentais. Em complemento, notamos diferenças entre atores e observadores ao construírem sua própria realidade social e suas percepções seletivas sobre o que se entende sobre o sentido do crédito. Como implicações para área de Gestão e diferente do que alguns estudos anteriores apontam (geralmente em expressões como “Os idosos são”), o que se vê é a desfragmentação social e não a coesão quando o idoso de baixa renda é percebido como consumidor.
POROZUMIENIE CO DO PODSTAWY PRAWNEJ ŚWIADCZENIA JAKO PRZESŁANKA KONSTRUKCYJNA ‘CONDICTIO OB REM’
Authors: Sobczyk Marek 
Published: September 2021

Współczesna koncepcja świadczenia w zamierzonym celu, który nie został osiągnięty, uregulowana w art. 410 § 2 k.c., ma swe korzenie w rzymskiej condictio ob rem. W niniejszym artykule odnoszę się do jednej z najważniejszych przesłanek konstrukcyjnych tej kondykcji w postaci porozumienia co do podstawy prawnej świadczenia, jego jurydycznego charakteru, treści, funkcji i celu.
Porozumienie to nie jest czynnością prawną, nie wynikają zatem z niego roszczenia (zaskarżalne zobowiązania), nawet gdy odnosi się do przyszłego zachowania oczekiwanego od odbiorcy świadczenia. Kondykcja ta nie jest stosowana na gruncie zaskarżalnych zobowiązań umownych. Porozumienie wyznacza cel świadczenia i zarazem przyszłą podstawę prawną świadczenia, która urzeczywistni się, jeżeli cel świadczenia zostanie osiągnięty. Jeżeli cel świadczenia nie zostanie osiągnięty, podlega ono zwrotowi, gdyż nie uzyskało oczekiwanej podstawy prawnej. Porozumienie stanowi podstawę zatrzymania przez odbiorcę uzyskanego świadczenia, dopóki nie okaże się, czy cel świadczenia został osiągnięty. Zbyt wąskie jest często przytaczane w orzecznictwie i doktrynie ujęcie ograniczające cel świadczenia do niewymuszalnego świadczenia wzajemnego oczekiwanego od odbiorcy świadczenia, cel ten może być bowiem dowolnym, przyszłym dozwolonym stanem faktycznym. Cel świadczenia jest odróżniany od motywu, którym kierował się świadczący. Zamiar osiągnięcia celu świadczenia stanowi przy tym przyczynę sprawczą świadczenia, bez której świadczenie nie zostałoby w ogóle spełnione. W przeciwieństwie do motywu świadczenia cel jest zawsze znany odbiorcy świadczenia i przez niego aprobowany co najmniej w sposób dorozumiany.
THE TERM “MINISTER” UNDER THE POLISH CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AS APPLICABLE TO THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Authors: Jakubiak Tomasz 
Published: September 2021

W art. 178 pkt 2 k.p.k ustawodawca zapisał: „Nie wolno przesłuchiwaćjako świadków: (…) duchownego co do faktów, o których dowiedziałsię przy spowiedzi”. Ponieważ norma w nim zawarta odwołuje się doogólnych terminów (bo wspólnych dla wielu Kościołów i wspólnot religijnych), ale i za razem niezdefiniowanych w k.p.k., jak chociażby termin„duchowny”, stosowanie przedmiotowego zakazu dowodowego okazujesię napotykać na trudności interpretacyjne.
Biorąc pod uwagę powyższe problemy, głównym celem, jaki przyświecał autorowi przy powstaniu tego artykułu, było określenie desygnatów terminu „duchowny” z art. 178 pkt 2 k.p.k dla Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego. Dla jego realizacji autor określił kryteria wewnętrzne i zewnętrzne omawianego pojęcia, co z kolei okazuje się nieodzowne w opisaniu zakresu podmiotowego przywołanej normy.
Recent Advances in Targeted Drug Delivery Approaches Using Lipidic and Polymeric Nanocarriers for the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Jain Dhara , Rashid Md Abdur , Ahmad Farhan J. 
Published: September 2021

:
Drug delivery to the brain has been a significant challenge in treating neurodegenerative disorders
such as Alzheimer's disease due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which primarily obstructs the access
of drugs and biomolecules into the brain. Several methods to overcome the blood-brain barrier have been employed,
such as chemical disruption, surgical intervention, focused ultrasound, intranasal delivery, and the use
of nanocarriers. Nanocarrier systems remain the method of choice and have shown promising results over the
past decade to achieve better drug targeting. Polymeric nanocarriers and lipidic nanoparticles act as a carrier
system providing better encapsulation of drugs, site-specific delivery, increased bioavailability, and sustained
release of drugs. The surface modifications and functionalization of these nanocarrier systems have greatly
facilitated targeted drug delivery. The safety and efficacy of these nanocarrier systems have been ascertained by
several in vitro and in vivo models. In the present review, we have elaborated on recent developments of nanoparticles
as a drug delivery system for Alzheimer's disease, explicitly focusing on polymeric and lipidic nanoparticles.
Pharmacotherapeutic Potential of Garlic in Age-Related Neurological Disorders
Authors: Ahangar-Sirous Ramin , Poudineh Mohadeseh , Ansari Arina , Nili Ali , Dana Seyyed Mohammad Matin Alavi , Nasiri Zahra , Hosseini Zahra , Karami Dariush , Mokhtari Melika , Deravi Niloofar 
Published: September 2021

:Age-related Neurological Disorders (ANDs) involve Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the most frequent kind of dementia in elderly people, and Parkinson's Disease (PD), and also other disorders like epilepsy and migraine. Although ANDs are multifactorial, aging is a principal risk factor for them. The common and most main pathologic features among ANDs are inflammation, oxidative stress, and misfolded proteins accumulation. Since failing brains caused by ANDs impose a notable burden on public health and their incidence is increasing, a lot of works have been conducted to overcome them. Garlic, Allium sativum, has been used for different medical purposes globally and more than thousands of publications have reported its health benefits. Garlic and aged garlic extract are considered potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidants agents and can have remarkable neuroprotective effects. This review is aimed to summarize knowledge on the pharmacotherapeutic potential of garlic and its components in ANDs.
Development of Platform Technology for Gastro-resistant Soft Gel Capsules by Using Cross-linking Technique
Authors: Sekhar Raja , Alam Md. Shoaib , Ahsan Iftikhar , Raja Senthil , Mohamed Thusleem , Shafiq-un-Nabi Sheikh 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Conventional enteric coating is very challenging in soft gel capsules because
of their shell nature (smooth surfaces and elasticity). Soft gelatin capsules are highly sensitive
to temperature, humidity and they can lose their tensile strength during the conventional coating
process.

Materials and Methods:
Enteric soft gel capsules were prepared by the addition of enteric polymer
in the gelatin shell composition by inducing the cross-linking of gelatin through chemical treatment.

Results:
This dual approach makes the soft gelatin capsules resist the drug release in the stomach
and reliably release their contents in the intestine within a predetermined time without affecting the
physical properties of soft gel capsules.

Conclusions:
Enteric effects of soft gel capsules are brought by a specialized synergetic technique,
which is unique for the molecules, requiring intestinal drug release.