bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of implant‐supported fixed partial denture in patients with history of periodontitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Carra Maria Clotilde , Rangé Hélène , Swerts Pieter‐Jan , Tuand Krizia , Vandamme Katleen , Bouchard Philippe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThis systematic review investigates the effectiveness of implant‐supported fixed partial denture (IS‐FPD) in patients with history of periodontitis (HP) vs. patients with no history of periodontitis (NHP).MethodsA literature search was performed on different databases on May 2020. Prospective and retrospective studies assessing survival (primary outcome), success and biological/mechanical complications of IS‐FPDs in HP vs. NHP patients at ≥1 year after implant loading were evaluated. Meta‐analyses were conducted by estimating hazard ratio (HR), risk ratio (RR) and standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random effect models.ResultsOf the initially identified 4096 articles, 349 underwent a full‐text evaluation. Finally, 17 were included. Pooled data analyses showed that overall implant survival was significantly higher in the NHP than the HP group (HR = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.37–3.09; I2 = 0%). This difference was noted when follow‐up ≥5 years. The risk of peri‐implantitis was higher in HP than NHP patients (RR = 3.3; 95% CI = 1.31–8.3; I2 = 0%), whereas the mean marginal bone level change over time was not different between the groups (SMD = −0.16 mm; 95% CI = −1.04–0.73; I2 = 98%).ConclusionsIn partially edentulous patients receiving IS‐FPDs, a history of periodontitis is associated with poorer survival rate and higher risk of peri‐implantitis during a 5–10 years period after implant loading.
Time Consistency and Counterproductive Monetary Policy Cooperation in a Two‐Country New Keynesian Model
Authors: Ngoc Doan Thang , Fujimoto Junichi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe use a two‐country New Keynesian model to revisit the issue of counterproductive monetary policy cooperation. By analyzing the optimal commitment, discretionary, and sustainable policies, we show how counterproductive cooperation and governments' commitment ability are linked. The global Friedman rule, whereby both countries always adopt the Friedman rule, maximizes the joint welfare for a wide range of parameters. However, cooperation makes the global Friedman rule unimplementable under discretionary policies and harder to sustain under sustainable policies. Counterproductive cooperation therefore arises naturally when governments lack commitment ability and some stronger commitment device than reputation is necessary to achieve gains from cooperation.
Neurosensory anatomy of Varanopidae and its implications for early synapsid evolution
Authors: Bazzana Kayla D. , Evans David C. , Bevitt Joseph J. , Reisz Robert R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVaranopids are a group of Palaeozoic terrestrial amniotes which represent one of the earliest‐diverging groups of synapsids, but their palaeoneurology has gone largely unstudied and recent analyses have challenged their traditional placement within synapsids. We utilized computed tomography (CT) to study the virtual cranial and otic endocasts of six varanopids, including representative taxa of both mycterosaurines and varanodontines. Our results show that the varanopid brain is largely plesiomorphic, being tubular in shape and showing no expansion of the cerebrum or olfactory bulbs, but is distinct in showing highly expanded floccular fossae. The housing of the varanopid bony labyrinth is also distinct, in that the labyrinth is bounded almost entirely by the supraoccipital‐opisthotic complex, with the prootic only bordering the ventral portion of the vestibule. The bony labyrinth is surprisingly well‐ossified, clearly preserving the elliptical, sub‐orthogonal canals, prominent ampullae, and the short, undifferentiated vestibule; this high degree of ossification is similar to that seen in therapsid synapsids and supports the traditional placement of varanopids within Synapsida. The enlarged anterior canal, together with the elliptical, orthogonal canals and enlarged floccular fossa, lend support for the fast head movements indicated by the inferred predatory feeding mode of varanopids. Reconstructed neurosensory anatomy indicates that varanopids may have a much lower‐frequency hearing range compared to more derived synapsids, suggesting that, despite gaining some active predatory features, varanopids retain plesiomorphic hearing capabilities. As a whole, our data reveal that the neuroanatomy of pelycosaur‐grade synapsids is far more complex than previously anticipated.
Evolution of phenotypic variance in response to a novel hot environment
Authors: Lai Wei‐Yun , Schlötterer Christian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractShifts in trait means are widely considered as evidence for adaptive responses, but the impact on phenotypic variance remains largely unexplored. Classic quantitative genetics provides a theoretical framework to predict how selection on phenotypic mean affects the variance. In addition to this indirect effect, it is also possible that the variance of the trait is the direct target of selection, but experimentally characterized cases are rare. Here, we studied gene expression variance of Drosophila simulans males before and after 100 generations of adaptation to a novel hot laboratory environment. In each of the two independently evolved populations, the variance of 125 and 97 genes was significantly reduced. We propose that the drastic loss in environmental complexity from nature to the laboratory may have triggered selection for reduced variance. Our observation that selection could drive changes in the variance of gene expression could have important implications for studies of adaptation processes in natural and experimental populations.
Community metabarcoding reveals the relative role of environmental filtering and spatial processes in metacommunity dynamics of soil microarthropods across a mosaic of montane forests
Authors: Noguerales Víctor , Meramveliotakis Emmanouil , Castro‐Insua Adrián , Andújar Carmelo , Arribas Paula , Creedy Thomas J. , Overcast Isaac , Morlon Hélène , Emerson Brent C. , Vogler Alfried P. , Papadopoulou Anna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDisentangling the relative role of environmental filtering and spatial processes in driving metacommunity structure across mountainous regions remains challenging, as the way we quantify spatial connectivity in topographically and environmentally heterogeneous landscapes can influence our perception of which process predominates. More empirical data sets are required to account for taxon‐ and context‐dependency, but relevant research in understudied areas is often compromised by the taxonomic impediment. Here we used haplotype‐level community DNA metabarcoding, enabled by stringent filtering of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), to characterize metacommunity structure of soil microarthropod assemblages across a mosaic of five forest habitats on the Troodos mountain range in Cyprus. We found similar β diversity patterns at ASV and species (OTU, operational taxonomic unit) levels, which pointed to a primary role of habitat filtering resulting in the existence of largely distinct metacommunities linked to different forest types. Within‐habitat turnover was correlated to topoclimatic heterogeneity, again emphasizing the role of environmental filtering. However, when integrating landscape matrix information for the highly fragmented Quercus alnifolia habitat, we also detected a major role of spatial isolation determined by patch connectivity, indicating that stochastic and niche‐based processes synergistically govern community assembly. Alpha diversity patterns varied between ASV and OTU levels, with OTU richness decreasing with elevation and ASV richness following a longitudinal gradient, potentially reflecting a decline of genetic diversity eastwards due to historical pressures. Our study demonstrates the utility of haplotype‐level community metabarcoding for characterizing metacommunity structure of complex assemblages and improving our understanding of biodiversity dynamics across mountainous landscapes worldwide.
Next‐generation phylogeography resolves post‐glacial colonization patterns in a widespread carnivore, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), in Europe
Authors: McDevitt Allan D. , Coscia Ilaria , Browett Samuel S. , Ruiz‐González Aritz , Statham Mark J. , Ruczyńska Iwona , Roberts Liam , Stojak Joanna , Frantz Alain C. , Norén Karin , Ågren Erik O. , Learmount Jane , Basto Mafalda , Fernandes Carlos , Stuart Peter , Tosh David G. , Sindicic Magda , Andreanszky Tibor , Isomursu Marja , Panek Marek , Korolev Andrey , Okhlopkov Innokentiy M. , Saveljev Alexander P. , Pokorny Boštjan , Flajšman Katarina , Harrison Stephen W. R. , Lobkov Vladimir , Ćirović Duško , Mullins Jacinta , Pertoldi Cino , Randi Ettore , Sacks Benjamin N. , Kowalczyk Rafał , Wójcik Jan M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCarnivores tend to exhibit a lack of (or less pronounced) genetic structure at continental scales in both a geographic and temporal sense and this can confound the identification of post‐glacial colonization patterns in this group. In this study we used genome‐wide data (using genotyping by sequencing [GBS]) to reconstruct the phylogeographic history of a widespread carnivore, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), by investigating broad‐scale patterns of genomic variation, differentiation and admixture amongst contemporary populations in Europe. Using 15,003 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 524 individuals allowed us to identify the importance of refugial regions for the red fox in terms of endemism (e.g., Iberia). In addition, we tested multiple post‐glacial recolonization scenarios of previously glaciated regions during the Last Glacial Maximum using an Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) approach that were unresolved from previous studies. This allowed us to identify the role of admixture from multiple source population post‐Younger Dryas in the case of Scandinavia and ancient land‐bridges in the colonization of the British Isles. A natural colonization of Ireland was deemed more likely than an ancient human‐mediated introduction as has previously been proposed and potentially points to a larger mammalian community on the island in the early post‐glacial period. Using genome‐wide data has allowed us to tease apart broad‐scale patterns of structure and diversity in a widespread carnivore in Europe that was not evident from using more limited marker sets and provides a foundation for next‐generation phylogeographic studies in other non‐model species.
Domestication obscures genomic estimates of population history
Authors: Lu Chia‐Wei , Yao Cheng‐Te , Hung Chih‐Ming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDomesticated species are valuable models to examine phenotypic evolution, and knowledge on domestication history is critical for understanding the trajectories of evolutionary changes. Sequentially Markov Coalescent models are often used to infer domestication history. However, domestication practices may obscure the signal left by population history, affecting demographic inference. Here we assembled the genomes of a recently domesticated species—the society finch—and its parent species—the white‐rumped munia—to examine its domestication history. We applied genomic analyses to two society finch breeds and white‐rumped munias to test whether domestication of the former resulted from inbreeding or hybridization. The society finch showed longer and more runs of homozygosity and lower genomic heterozygosity than the white‐rumped munia, supporting an inbreeding origin in the former. Blocks of white‐rumped munia and other ancestry in society finch genomes showed similar genetic distance between the two taxa, inconsistent with the hybridization origin hypothesis. We then applied two Sequentially Markov Coalescent models—psmc and smc++—to infer the demographic histories of both. Surprisingly, the two models did not reveal a recent population bottleneck, but instead the psmc model showed a specious, dramatic population increase in the society finch. Subsequently, we used simulated genomes based on an array of demographic scenarios to demonstrate that recent inbreeding, not hybridization, caused the distorted psmc population trajectory. Such analyses could have misled our understanding of the domestication process. Our findings stress caution when interpreting the histories of recently domesticated species inferred by psmc, arguing that these histories require multiple analyses to validate.
Limits to photosynthesis: seasonal shifts in supply and demand for CO2 in Scots pine
Authors: Stangl Zsofia R. , Tarvainen Lasse , Wallin Göran , Marshall John D. 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Boreal forests undergo a strong seasonal photosynthetic cycle; however, the underlying processes remain incompletely characterized. Here, we present a novel analysis of the seasonal diffusional and biochemical limits to photosynthesis (Anet) relative to temperature and light limitations in high‐latitude mature Pinus sylvestris, including a high‐resolution analysis of the seasonality of mesophyll conductance (gm) and its effect on the estimation of carboxylation capacity ().

We used a custom‐built gas‐exchange system coupled to a carbon isotope analyser to obtain continuous measurements for the estimation of the relevant shoot gas‐exchange parameters and quantified the biochemical and diffusional controls alongside the environmental controls over Anet.

The seasonality of Anet was strongly dependent on and the diffusional limitations. Stomatal limitation was low in spring and autumn but increased to 31% in June. By contrast, mesophyll limitation was nearly constant (19%). We found that limited Anet in the spring, whereas daily temperatures and the gradual reduction of light availability limited Anet in the autumn, despite relatively high .

We describe for the first time the role of mesophyll conductance in connection with seasonal trends in net photosynthesis of P. sylvestris, revealing a strong coordination between gm and Anet, but not between gm and stomatal conductance.
CsiLAC4 modulates boron flow in Arabidopsis and Citrus via high‐boron‐dependent lignification of cell walls
Authors: Huang Jing‐Hao , Zhang Ling‐Yuan , Lin Xiong‐Jie , Gao Yuan , Zhang Jiang , Huang Wei‐Lin , Zhao Daqiu , Ferrarezi Rhuanito Soranz , Fan Guo‐Cheng , Chen Li‐Song 
Published: November 2021

Summary

The mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to boron (B) excess are far from fully understood. Here we characterized the role of the miR397‐CsiLAC4/CsiLAC17 (from Citrus sinensis) module in regulation of B flow.

Live‐cell imaging techniques were used in localization studies. A tobacco transient expression system tested modulations of CsiLAC4 and CsiLAC17 by miR397. Transgenic Arabidopsis were generated to analyze the biological functions of CsiLAC4 and CsiLAC17. CsiLAC4’s role in xylem lignification was determined by mRNA hybridization and cytochemistry. In situ B distribution was analyzed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

CsiLAC4 and CsiLAC17 are predominantly localized in the apoplast of tobacco epidermal cells. Overexpression of CsiLAC4 in Arabidopsis improves the plants’ tolerance to boric acid excess by triggering high‐B‐dependent lignification of the vascular system’s cell wall and reducing free B content in roots and shoots. In Citrus, CsiLAC4 is expressed explicitly in the xylem parenchyma and is modulated by B‐responsive miR397. Upregulation of CsiLAC4 in Citrus results in lignification of the xylem cell walls, restricting B flow from xylem vessels to the phloem.

CsiLAC4 contributes to plant tolerance to boric acid excess via high‐B‐dependent lignification of cell walls, which set up a ‘physical barrier’ preventing B flow.
A phosphorus‐limitation induced, functionally conserved DUF506 protein is a repressor of root hair elongation in plants
Authors: Ying Sheng , Blancaflor Elison B. , Liao Fuqi , Scheible Wolf‐Rüdiger 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Root hairs (RHs) function in nutrient and water acquisition, root metabolite exudation, soil anchorage and plant–microbe interactions. Longer or more abundant RHs are potential breeding traits for developing crops that are more resource‐use efficient and can improve soil health.

While many genes are known to promote RH elongation, relatively little is known about genes and mechanisms that constrain RH growth.

Here we demonstrate that a DOMAIN OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION 506 (DUF506) protein, AT3G25240, negatively regulates Arabidopsis thaliana RH growth. The AT3G25240 gene is strongly and specifically induced during phosphorus (P)‐limitation. Mutants of this gene, which we call REPRESSOR OF EXCESSIVE ROOT HAIR ELONGATION 1 (RXR1), have much longer RHs, higher phosphate content and seedling biomass, while overexpression of the gene exhibits opposite phenotypes. Co‐immunoprecipitation, pull‐down and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analyses reveal that RXR1 physically interacts with a RabD2c GTPase in nucleus, and a rabd2c mutant phenocopies the rxr1 mutant. Furthermore, N‐terminal variable region of RXR1 is crucial for inhibiting RH growth. Overexpression of a Brachypodium distachyon RXR1 homolog results in repression of RH elongation in Brachypodium.

Taken together, our results reveal a novel DUF506‐GTPase module with a prominent role in repression of plant RH elongation especially under P stress.
Clinical important improvement of chronic pain patients in randomized controlled trials and the DATAPAIN cohort
Authors: Waardenburg Sophie , de Meij Nelleke , Brouwer Brigitte , Van Zundert Jan , van Kuijk Sander M.J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundChange on the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) is based on subjective pain experience, hampering the establishment of clinically important improvement. An anchor‐based method, the Patients’ Global Impression of Change (PGIC), is often added to determine whether a patient has improved. A two‐point change on the NRS has been shown to be equivalent to a moderate clinically important improvement in randomized controlled trials (RCT’s) on medication effects. We contemplated whether these findings could be reproduced in cohort and data and in non‐drug interventional RCT’s.MethodsThe NRS change was quantified by subtracting the NRS of baseline from the NRS at 6‐month follow‐up. Categorization of success/nonsuccess was applied on the PGIC, and their average NRS raw changes were calculated. The Spearman correlation coefficient quantified the overall relationship, while the discriminative ability was explored through the receiver operating characteristic curve. Data were stratified on design, sex, and pain intensity at baseline. Besides, the cohort evaluated treatment status at follow‐up.ResultsThe records of 1661 patients were examined. Overall, the observed NRS change needed for moderate clinically important improvement was larger than the average two points. Yet, the changes in the cohort were smaller compared with the RCT’s. Moreover, it modified with pain intensity at baseline and treatment statuses indicated differences in mean clinical importance of −4.15 (2.70) when finalized at 6 months and −2.16 (2.48) when treatment was ongoing.ConclusionThe moderate clinically important improvement varied substantially, representing heterogeneity in pain relief and its relation to treatment success in chronic pain patients.
Comparison of intravenous and oral administration of acetaminophen in adults undergoing general anesthesia
Authors: Cao Qinqin , Fan Chengjuan , Yuan Ran , Dong Hemin , Zhang Shouxin , Meng Haihong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcetaminophen is a widely clinically used analgesic. However, the clinical effect of the route of administration on postoperative analgesia as well as on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing general anesthesia remains unclear. This study aimed to explore whether the route of administration of acetaminophen affects postoperative analgesia, nausea, and vomiting in patients undergoing general anesthesia.MethodsWe included all randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of the route of administration of acetaminophen on postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Independent examiners reviewed the literature and extracted data, with disagreements resolved through negotiation or the involvement of a third party. The Cochrane risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included randomized controlled trials. A narrative synthesis was conducted to summarize the qualitative information from the included studies. A meta‐integration of quantitative data was performed using RevMan 5.4.ResultsTen studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight studies assessed postoperative pain, whereas two assessed postoperative nausea and vomiting. Data from the eight studies assessing postoperative pain confirmed that there was no difference between intravenously and orally administered acetaminophen in adults (OR = −0.13; 95% CI, −0.36 to 0.11; p = 0.3). Data from the two studies assessing postoperative nausea and vomiting revealed no difference between intravenously and orally administered acetaminophen in adults (OR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.64–1.25; p = 0.51). The included studies were of poor quality, with a heterogeneity of 68%.ConclusionsNo differences in postoperative analgesia or postoperative nausea and vomiting were observed between the routes of administration (intravenous vs. oral) of acetaminophen in adult patients undergoing general anesthesia. There is a need for future large sample studies to increase the reliability of the results.
Ordinary Language Philosophy as an Extension of Ideal Language Philosophy. Comparing the Methods of the Later Wittgenstein and P.F. Strawson
Authors: De Mesel Benjamin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe idea that thought and language can be clarified through logical methods seems problematic because, while thought and language are not always exact, logic (by its very nature) must be. According to Kuusela, ideal (ILP, represented by Frege and Russell) and ordinary language philosophy (OLP, represented by Strawson) offer opposed solutions to this problem, and Wittgenstein combines the advantages of both. I argue that, given Kuusela’s characterisation of OLP, Strawson was not an OLP’er. I suggest that, instead of seeing ILP and OLP as opposed to one another, it is better to regard OLP as an extension of ILP.