bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of the Microbiological Efficacy of Polymyxin B on Different Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Infections
Authors: Lu Qiong , Zhu Hai-Hong , Li Guo-Hua , Qi Ting-Ting , Ye Liang-Jun , Teng Xin-Qi , Qu Qiang , He Ge-Fei , Qu Jian 
Published: February 2021

Objective: The emergence of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) has brought great challenges to clinical anti-infection treatment around the world. Polymyxins are often considered as the last line of defense in the treatment of CR-GNB infections. In this study, we explored the microbiological efficacy of Polymyxin B (PMB) on different CR-GNB infections as well as the factors influencing microbiological efficacy.Methods: CR-GNB infected patients with PMB-based regimens were enrolled. Clinical and microbiological data were collected from the medical electronic record system of the Second Xiangya hospital. The efficacy of PMB on different CR-GNB was evaluated by the clearance rate at 7-days and within the course of treatment, as well as the 30-day mortality rate.Results: A total of 294 CR-GNB infected patients were enrolled: 154 CR-Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), 55 CR-Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), and 85 CR-Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA). The CRAB group had the highest 7-day bacterial clearance rate [(CRAB: 39.0%) vs. (CRKP: 29.4%) vs. (CRPA: 14.5%), P = 0.003] and total bacterial clearance rate [(CRAB: 49.0%) vs. (CRKP: 39.8%) vs. (CRPA: 18.2%), P &lt; 0.001] among the three groups, while the bacterial clearance rate of the CRPA group was the lowest. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the differences among the three groups were multiple CR-GNB infections (P = 0.004), respiratory infections (P = 0.001), PMB resistance (P &lt; 0.001), and the combination of tigecycline (P &lt; 0.001). Binary logistic regression showed that multiple CR-GNB infection [(7-day bacterial clearance: P = 0.004) &amp; (total bacterial clearance: P = 0.011)] and bacterial species [(7-day bacterial clearance: P &lt; 0.001) &amp; (total bacterial clearance: P &lt; 0.001)] were independent risk factors for microbiological efficacy.Conclusion: PMB exhibited differential microbiological efficacy on different types of CR-GNB infections; it had the best effect on CRAB, followed by CRKP and CRPA. Multiple CR-GNB infections and bacterial species were independent risk factors for microbiological efficacy.
Bilateral MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound Pallidothalamic Tractotomy for Parkinson's Disease With 1-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Gallay Marc N. , Moser David , Magara Anouk E. , Haufler Fabio , Jeanmonod Daniel 
Published: February 2021

Objective: Bilateral stereotactic neurosurgery for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) has a long history beginning in the late 1940s. In view of improved lesioning accuracy and reduced bleeding risk and in spite of long-standing caveats about bilateral approaches, there is a need to investigate bilateral MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) interventions. We hereby present the clinical results of bilateral pallidothalamic tractotomy (PTT), i.e., targeting of pallidal efferent fibers below the thalamus at the level of Forel's field H1, followed for 1 year after operation of the second side.Methods: Ten patients suffering from chronic and therapy-resistant PD having received bilateral PTT were followed for 1 year after operation of the second side. The primary endpoints included the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores in on- and off-medication states, dyskinesias, dystonia, sleep disturbances, pain, reduction in drug intake, and assessment by the patient of her/his global symptom relief as well as tremor control.Results: The time frame between baseline UPDRS score and 1 year after the second side was 36 ± 15 months. The total UPDRS score off-medication at 1 year after the second PTT was reduced by 52% compared to that at baseline on-medication (p &lt; 0.007). Percentage reductions of the mean scores comparing 1 year off- with baseline on-medication examinations were 91% for tremor (p = 0.006), 67% for distal rigidity (p = 0.006), and 54% for distal hypobradykinesia (p = 0.01). Gait and postural instability were globally unchanged to baseline (13% improvement of the mean, p = 0.67, and 5.3% mean reduction, p = 0.83). Speech difficulties, namely, hypophonia, tachyphemia, and initiation of speech, were increased by 58% (p = 0.06). Dyskinesias were suppressed in four over four, dystonia in four over five, and sleep disorders in three over four patients. There was 89% pain reduction. Mean L-Dopa intake was reduced from 690 ± 250 to 110 ± 190.Conclusions: Our results suggest an efficiency of bilateral PTT in controlling tremor, distal rigidity, distal hypobradykinesia, dyskinesias, dystonia, and pain when compared to best medical treatment at baseline. Larger series are of course needed.
Goals in Nutrition Science 2020-2025
Authors: Bassaganya-Riera Josep , Berry Elliot M. , Blaak Ellen E. , Burlingame Barbara , le Coutre Johannes , van Eden Willem , El-Sohemy Ahmed , German J. Bruce , Knorr Dietrich , Lacroix Christophe , Muscaritoli Maurizio , Nieman David C. , Rychlik Michael , Scholey Andrew , Serafini Mauro 
Published: February 2021

Five years ago, with the editorial board of Frontiers in Nutrition, we took a leap of faith to outline the Goals for Nutrition Science – the way we see it (1). Now, in 2020, we can put ourselves to the test and take a look back. Without a doubt we got it right with several of the key directions. To name a few, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Food and Nutrition are part of the global public agenda, and the SDGs contribute to the structuring of international science and research. Nutritional Science has become a critical element in strengthening work on the SDGs, and the development of appropriate methodologies is built on the groundwork of acquiring and analyzing big datasets. Investigation of the Human Microbiome is providing novel insight on the interrelationship between nutrition, the immune system and disease. Finally, with an advanced definition of the gut-brain-axis we are getting a glimpse into the potential for Nutrition and Brain Health. Various milestones have been achieved, and any look into the future will have to consider the lessons learned from Covid-19 and the sobering awareness about the frailty of our food systems in ensuring global food security. With a view into the coming 5 years from 2020 to 2025, the editorial board has taken a slightly different approach as compared to the previous Goals article. A mind map has been created to outline the key topics in nutrition science. Not surprisingly, when looking ahead, the majority of scientific investigation required will be in the areas of health and sustainability.Johannes le Coutre, Field Chief Editor, Frontiers in Nutrition.
The Role of Interleukin-33 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Is Determined by Its Cellular Sources in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Peng Liang , Sun Wei , Chen Lin , Wen Wei-Ping 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the role of interleukin-33 (IL-33) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Materials and MethodsRNA-seq data of 520 cases of HNSCC were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The tumor microenvironment was deconstructed by xCell using bulk RNA-seq data. The cohort was dichotomized by the median IL-33 expression level. Immune cell components and molecular markers were compared between the high and low IL-33 groups. The prognostic value of IL-33 was evaluated by the log-rank test. Differential gene expression analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were also conducted. The relationship between the IL-33 expression level and the abundance of its potential cellular sources was evaluated by Pearson’s partial correlation test. Subgroup analysis was conducted in laryngeal, oropharyngeal, and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC, OPSCC, and OCSCC).ResultsThe role of IL-33 in HNSCC was heterogeneous among tumors at different sites. In LSCC, IL-33 may increase the extent of malignancy of tumor cells and act as a pro-tumor factor. In OCSCC, IL-33 may play a role in orchestrating the immune responses against tumor cells and act as an antitumor factor. The role of IL-33 in OPSCC was undetermined. IL-33 in LSCC was mainly derived from endothelial cells, while IL-33 in OCSCC was mainly derived from endothelial and epithelial cells.ConclusionAccording to the different sources of IL-33 in LSCC and OCSCC, we propose a hypothesis that stroma-derived IL-33 could favor tumor progression, while epithelial-derived IL-33 could favor antitumor immune responses in HNSCC.
Potential Clinical Significance of Overall Targeting Accuracy and Motion Management in the Treatment of Tumors That Move With Respiration: Lessons Learnt From a Quarter Century of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy From Dose Response Models
Authors: Mahadevan Anand , Emami Bahman , Grimm Jimm , Kleinberg Lawrence R. , Redmond Kristin J. , Welsh James S. , Rostock Robert , Kemmerer Eric , Forster Kenneth M. , Stanford Jason , Shah Sunjay , Asbell Sucha O. , LaCouture Tamara A. , Scofield Carla , Butterwick Ian , Xue Jinyu , Muacevic Alexander , Adler John R. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the long-term normal tissue complication probability with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatments for targets that move with respiration and its relation with the type of respiratory motion management (tracking vs. compression or gating).MethodsA PubMed search was performed for identifying literature regarding dose, volume, fractionation, and toxicity (grade 3 or higher) for SBRT treatments for tumors which move with respiration. From the identified papers logistic or probit dose-response models were fitted to the data using the maximum-likelihood technique and confidence intervals were based on the profile-likelihood method in the dose-volume histogram (DVH) Evaluator.ResultsPooled logistic and probit models for grade 3 or higher toxicity for aorta, chest wall, duodenum, and small bowel suggest a significant difference when live motion tracking was used for targeting tumors with move with respiration which was on the average 10 times lower, in the high dose range.ConclusionLive respiratory motion management appears to have a better toxicity outcome when treating targets which move with respiration with very steep peripheral dose gradients. This analysis is however limited by sparsity of rigorous data due to poor reporting in the literature.
Antitumor Effect and Immune Response of Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Zhao Jing , Chen Shuochun , Zhu Lu , Zhang Liang , Liu Jingqi , Xu Danxia , Tian Guo , Jiang Tian’an 
Published: February 2021

Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) have emerged as a novel and effective strategy for the non-surgical and minimally invasive removal of tumors. However, the effects of nsPEFs treatment on the tumor immune microenvironment remain unknown. In this study, the changes in the morphology and function of pancreatic cancer cells after nsPEFs were assessed and the modifications in the immune profile in pancreatic cancer models were investigated. To this end, electrodes were inserted with different parameters applied to ablate the targeted tumor tissues. Tumor development was found to be inhibited, with decreased volumes post-nsPEFs treatment compared with control tumors (P &lt; 0.05). Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed morphological changes in pancreatic cancer cells, Ki-67 staining confirmed the effects of nsPEFs on tumor growth, and caspase-3 staining indicated that nsPEFs caused apoptosis in the early stages after treatment. Three days after nsPEFs, positron emission tomography demonstrated little residual metabolic activity compared with the control group. Gene expression profiling identified significant changes in immune-related pathways. After treatment with nsPEFs, CD8+ T lymphocytes increased. We showed that nsPEFs led to a significant decrease in immune suppressive cells, including myeloid derived suppressor cells, T regulatory cells, and tumor-associated macrophages. In addition, the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β increased (P &lt; 0.05), while the level of IL-6 was decreased (P &lt; 0.05). NsPEFs alleviated the immunosuppressive components in pancreatic cancer stroma, including hyaluronic acid and fibroblast activation protein-α. Our data demonstrate that tumor growth can be effectively inhibited by nsPEFs in vivo. NsPEFs significantly altered the infiltration of immune cells and triggered immune response.
A Position Statement on the Utility of Interval Imaging in Standard of Care Brain Tumour Management: Defining the Evidence Gap and Opportunities for Future Research
Authors: Booth Thomas C. , Thompson Gerard , Bulbeck Helen , Boele Florien , Buckley Craig , Cardoso Jorge , Dos Santos Canas Liane , Jenkinson David , Ashkan Keyoumars , Kreindler Jack , Huskens Nicky , Luis Aysha , McBain Catherine , Mills Samantha J. , Modat Marc , Morley Nick , Murphy Caroline , Ourselin Sebastian , Pennington Mark , Powell James , Summers David , Waldman Adam D. , Watts Colin , Williams Matthew , Grant Robin , Jenkinson Michael D. 
Published: February 2021

Objectiv eTo summarise current evidence for the utility of interval imaging in monitoring disease in adult brain tumours, and to develop a position for future evidence gathering while incorporating the application of data science and health economics.MethodsExperts in ‘interval imaging’ (imaging at pre-planned time-points to assess tumour status); data science; health economics, trial management of adult brain tumours, and patient representatives convened in London, UK. The current evidence on the use of interval imaging for monitoring brain tumours was reviewed. To improve the evidence that interval imaging has a role in disease management, we discussed specific themes of data science, health economics, statistical considerations, patient and carer perspectives, and multi-centre study design. Suggestions for future studies aimed at filling knowledge gaps were discussed.ResultsMeningioma and glioma were identified as priorities for interval imaging utility analysis. The “monitoring biomarkers” most commonly used in adult brain tumour patients were standard structural MRI features. Interval imaging was commonly scheduled to provide reported imaging prior to planned, regular clinic visits. There is limited evidence relating interval imaging in the absence of clinical deterioration to management change that alters morbidity, mortality, quality of life, or resource use. Progression-free survival is confounded as an outcome measure when using structural MRI in glioma. Uncertainty from imaging causes distress for some patients and their caregivers, while for others it provides an important indicator of disease activity. Any study design that changes imaging regimens should consider the potential for influencing current or planned therapeutic trials, ensure that opportunity costs are measured, and capture indirect benefits and added value.ConclusionEvidence for the value, and therefore utility, of regular interval imaging is currently lacking. Ongoing collaborative efforts will improve trial design and generate the evidence to optimise monitoring imaging biomarkers in standard of care brain tumour management.
Polyneuropathy in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Long-Term Survivors: Clinical and Electrophysiological Characteristics With the Impact of Radiotherapy
Authors: Kroczka Slawomir , Stepien Konrad , Witek-Motyl Izabela , Klekawka Tomasz , Kapusta Eryk , Biedron Agnieszka , Skorek Pawel , Twardowska Hanna , Stasik Klaudia , Skoczen Szymon 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer with one of the highest survival rates. Long-term complications that occur after intensive oncological treatment often impair normal daily functioning. However, existing data on peripheral nervous system condition in ALL survivors remain conflicting.Materials and Methods:The study group consisted of 215 ALL survivors. Patients were treated with New York (NY,n= 45), previous modified Berlin–Frankfurt–Münster (pBFM,n= 64), and BFM95 (n= 106) protocols. Time elapsed between the end of the treatment and the control examination varied from 0.3 to 20.9 years. The analyzed patients underwent a neurophysiological analysis with electroneurography (ENG) of motor (median and peroneal) and sensory (median and sural) nerves as well as electromyography (EMG) of tibialis anterior, vastus lateralis, and interosseous I muscles. To estimate the influence of radiotherapy on recorded neurophysiological responses, a joint analysis of NY, and pBFM groups was performed.Results:Clinical symptoms of polyneuropathy were noted among 102 (47.4%) children during the ALL therapy and in 111 (51.6%) during follow-up. At the time of treatment, polyneuropathy was diagnosed in 57.8% participants from NY group, 35.9%—pBFM and 50.0%—BFM95 (p= 0.145). A significantly higher incidence of polyneuropathy was observed during a follow-up in the NY group (68.9%;p&lt; 0.001 vs. pBFM,p= 0.002 vs. BFM95). The most frequent abnormality within all the protocols was demyelination (NY: 44.4%, pBFM: 59.4%, BFM95: 41.5%), in contrast to the least frequently registered isolated axonal changes. The negative influence of oncological treatment on neurophysiological parameters in ALL survivors was observed. Complex disorders of motor nerves, sensory nerves, and motor unit potentials were registered. Motor-sensory neuropathy was the most frequently found pathology in all analyzed protocols. The harmful effect of radiotherapy was also observed in EMG results.Conclusions:Detailed neurophysiological analysis in long-term childhood ALL survivors has shown generalized abnormalities in registered parameters. To our knowledge, the current study is the largest and one of the most comprehensive ones among those examining disturbances in ENG and EMG in this group of patients. Moreover, we are the first ones to demonstrate the negative influence of radiotherapy on peripheral nerve conduction parameters.
Factors Associated With Benefit of Treatment of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jansen Esther J. S. , Hundscheid Tim , Onland Wes , Kooi Elisabeth M. W. , Andriessen Peter , de Boode Willem P. 
Published: February 2021

Context:There is an ongoing debate on the optimal management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants. Identifying subgroup of infants who would benefit from pharmacological treatment might help.Objective:To investigate the modulating effect of the differences in methodological quality, the rate of open-label treatment, and patient characteristics on relevant outcome measures in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Data Sources:Electronic database search between 1950 and May 2020.Study Selection:RCTs that assessed pharmacological treatment compared to placebo/no treatment.Data Extraction:Data is extracted following the PRISMA guidelines. Outcome measures were failure to ductal closure, surgical ligation, incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sepsis, periventricular leukomalacia, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) grade ≥3, retinopathy of prematurity and mortality.Results:Forty-seven studies were eligible. The incidence of IVH grade ≥3 was lower in the treated infants compared to the placebo/no treatment (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64–0.94) and in the subgroups of infants with either a gestational age &lt;28 weeks (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61–0.98), a birth weight &lt;1,000 g (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61–0.97), or if untargeted treatment with indomethacin was started &lt;24 h after birth (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.54–0.90).Limitations:Statistical heterogeneity caused by missing data and variable definitions of outcome parameters.Conclusions:Although the quality of evidence is low, this meta-analysis suggests that pharmacological treatment of PDA reduces severe IVH in extremely preterm, extremely low birth weight infants or if treatment with indomethacin was started &lt;24 h after birth. No other beneficial effects of pharmacological treatment were found.
Effect of Panax notoginseng Saponins on Focal Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rat Models: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sun Tao , Wang Ping , Deng Ting , Tao Xingbao , Li Bin , Xu Ying 
Published: February 2021

With the increase of the aging population, the high mortality and disability rates caused by ischemic stroke are some of the major problems facing the world, and they dramatically burden the society. Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen, a traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly used for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and its main bioactive components are Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS). Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion animal models established with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery to evaluate the therapeutic effect of PNS. We systematically searched the reports of PNS in MCAO animal experiments in seven databases. We assessed the study quality using two literature quality evaluation criteria; evaluated the efficacy of PNS treatment based on the outcomes of the neurological deficit score (NDS), cerebral infarct volume (CIV), and biochemical indicators via a random/fixed-effects model; and performed a subgroup analysis utilizing ischemia duration, drug dosage, intervention time, and administration duration. We also compared the efficacy of PNS with positive control drugs or combination treatment. As a result, we selected 14 eligible studies from the 3,581 searched publications based on the predefined exclusion-inclusion criteria. PNS were significantly associated with reduced NDS, reduced CIV, and inhibited release of the inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α in the focal MCAO rat models. The PNS combination therapy outperformed the PNS alone. In addition, ischemia time, drug dosage, intervention time, and administration duration in the rat models all had significant effects on the efficacy of PNS. Although more high-quality studies are needed to further determine the clinical efficacy and guiding parameters of PNS, our results also confirmed that PNS significantly relieves the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rat models. In the animal trials, it was suggested that an early intervention had significant efficacy with PNS alone or PNS combination treatment at a dosage lower than 25 mg/kg or 100–150 mg/kg for 4 days or longer. These findings further guide the therapeutic strategy for clinical cerebral ischemic stroke.