bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THCz: Small molecules with antimicrobial activity that block cell wall lipid intermediates
Authors: Reithuber Elisabeth , Wixe Torbjörn , Ludwig Kevin C. , Müller Anna , Uvell Hanna , Grein Fabian , Lindgren Anders E. G. , Muschiol Sandra , Nannapaneni Priyanka , Eriksson Anna , Schneider Tanja , Normark Staffan , Henriques-Normark Birgitta , Almqvist Fredrik , Mellroth Peter 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Considering the alarming emergence of resistance to most antibiotics and the need for new antibiotics, the finding here of a small-molecule class, THCz, that displayed bactericidal activity against gram-positive and selected gram-negative bacteria, is of the greatest importance. We found that THCz target the cell envelope synthesis and can easily be synthesized and modified, and resistance did not readily develop in vitro. Thus, THCz are promising scaffolds for development of bacterial cell wall inhibitors.
GRACE Follow-On revealed Bangladesh was flooded early in the 2020 monsoon season due to premature soil saturation
Authors: Han Shin-Chan , Ghobadi-Far Khosro , Yeo In-Young , McCullough Christopher M. , Lee Eunjee , Sauber Jeanne 
Published: November 2021

Significance
We report how much water flooded Bangladesh during the 2020 wet monsoon period and explain why the 2020 monsoonal flooding started unusually early, lasted longer, and was more severe than flooding in other years. The laser-ranging instrument on GRACE Follow-On spacecraft detected the size and timing of this unusual flooding event, and we found that the 2020 flooding was worsened by soils saturated earlier than usual by a premonsoon cyclone. We highlight the importance of including the antecedent soil moisture condition in the present flood forecasting and warning practices in Bangladesh.
Decidual NK cells kill Zika virus–infected trophoblasts
Authors: Sen Santara Sumit , Crespo Ângela C. , Mulik Sachin , Ovies Cristian , Boulenouar Selma , Strominger Jack L. , Lieberman Judy 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceNatural killer cells (NK) defend against viruses. Decidual NK (dNK), which comprise ∼70% of decidual leukocytes during early pregnancy, are poorly cytotoxic but promote placentation. Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause fetal loss and birth defects. A strong dNK-mediated antiviral defense could provide a barrier to placental infections. Here, we show that ZIKV infection transforms immune-tolerated trophoblasts into dNK targets because ZIKV replicates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and causes ER stress, which triggers NK killing. Unlike in the case of other viral infections, dNK release their granules and kill ZIKV-infected trophoblasts. In a trophoblast-like cell line, human primary extravillous trophoblasts, 3D villous explants, andIfnar1−/−pregnant mice, dNK reduce placental and fetal viral loads and protect against fetal loss.
Higher-order Lamb waves with quasi-zero surface displacement components on a GaAs piezoelectric plate
Authors: Hamidullah Muhammad , Élie-Caille Céline , Leblois Thérèse 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Higher-order Lamb waves with quasi-zero surface displacement components are reported on (100)-cut GaAs propagating along the <110> direction where the total displacement at the surface of the plate is less than 10% of the maximum total displacement. The dispersion curves and the displacement component profiles show the reduction of total displacement at the surface of the plate starting when the phase velocities of the higher-order modes are crossing the shear bulk acoustic wave velocity to the value as low as 5%. Due to the concentration of acoustic energy inside the plate, the reported quasi-zero plate acoustic waves (QZ-PAW) further reduce the radiation of acoustic energy when the plate surface is in contact with liquid. The experimental results validate the occurrence of QZ-PAW with a reduction of viscous damping insertion loss compared to previously reported quasi-longitudinal Lamb waves. The results demonstrate the potential QZ-PAW mode for emerging applications such as dual-mode PAW sensors, PAW devices with integrated sensor and actuator, thin-film and ultra-high frequency PAW sensors in highly viscous liquid media.
B(OH)2-functionalized graphene nanoflakes as a promising nanocarrier for letrozole delivery: a density functional theory study
Authors: Seyedmousavi Malakehsadat , Rouhani Morteza , Mirjafary Zohreh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We studied the capability of pristine, Al-doped, and B(OH)2-functionalized graphene nanoflakes for the delivery of the letrozole (LT) anticancer agent using density functional theory calculations. It was shown that the LT/pristine graphene complex includes very weak physical interaction with E
ad = −2.447 kcal mol−1, which is too weak to be applied in drug-delivery purposes. So, the graphene nanoflake was doped by an Al atom, and the calculations demonstrated that the LT adsorption energy was increased significantly (E
ad = −33.571 kcal mol−1). However, the LT release study showed that the adsorption energy did not efficiently change upon protonation in an acidic environment (E
ad = −31.857 kcal mol−1). Finally, the LT adsorption was investigated on B(OH)2-functionalized graphene. The calculations showed that the adsorption energy was −9.607 kcal mol−1, which can be attributed to the possible hydrogen bonding between the LT molecule and the B(OH)2 functional group. The adsorption energy was changed to −1.015 kcal mol−1 during the protonation process. It can be concluded that the protonation of the LT/B(OH)2-functionalized graphene complex in the carcinogenic cells area separates the LT from the nanocarrier. Thus, B(OH)2-functionalized graphene nanoflakes can be considered as a promising nanocarrier candidate for LT delivery.
A novel cooling hole inspection method for turbine blade using 3D reconstruction of stereo vision
Authors: Cheng Yu-qi , Li Wen-long , Jiang Cheng , Wang Gang , Xu Wei , Peng Qing-yu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cooling holes (number 100 ∼ 200, diameter 0.3 ∼ 1.2 mm) are important heat dissipation structures of a turbine blade in aero-engine. Due to the small sizes and similar contours of cooling holes, it is difficult to extract and match their features by traditional stereo reconstruction methods. This paper proposes a novel cooling hole inspection method for turbine blades utilizing 3D reconstruction technique of stereo vision, which combines the stereo vision principle with the invariance of cross-ratio. The feature points of contours are extracted and matched by calculating two intersection points of circular contours and a line through the center points of adjacent cooling holes. Additionally, the 3D points corresponding to the feature points are reconstructed, by which, the diameters of cooling holes can be calculated successfully. Moreover, measurement experiments verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the average errors of the standard circle ruler and tiny hole sample are within 0.05 mm, which satisfies the inspection requirement of cooling holes.
Evaluation of conventional and deep learning based image harmonization methods in radiomics studies
Authors: Tixier F , Jaouen V , Hognon C , Gallinato O , Colin T , Visvikis D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate the impact of image harmonization on outcome prediction models using radiomics. Approach. 234 patients from the Brain Tumor Image Segmentation Benchmark (BRATS) dataset with T1 MRI were enrolled in this study. Images were harmonized to a reference image using histogram matching (HHM) and a generative adversarial network (GAN)-based method (HGAN). 88 radiomics features were extracted on HHM, HGAN and original (HNONE) images. Wilcoxon paired test was used to identify features significantly impacted by the harmonization protocol used. Radiomic prediction models were built using feature selection with the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Kaplan–Meier analysis. Main results. More than 50% of the features (49/88) were statistically modified by the harmonization with HHM and 55 with HGAN (adjusted p-value < 0.05). The contribution of histogram and texture features selected by the LASSO, in comparison to shape features that were not impacted by harmonization, was higher in harmonized datasets (47% for Hnone, 62% for HHM and 71% for HGAN). Both image-based harmonization methods allowed to split patients into two groups with significantly different survival (p<0.05). With the HGAN images, we were also able to build and validate a model using only features impacted by the harmonization (median survivals of 189 versus 437 days, p = 0.006) Significance. Data harmonization in a multi-institutional cohort allows to recover the predictive value of some radiomics features that was lost due to differences in the image properties across centers. In terms of ability to build survival prediction models in the BRATS dataset, the loss of power from impacted histogram and heterogeneity features was compensated by the selection of additional shape features. The harmonization using a GAN-based approach outperformed the histogram matching technique, supporting the interest for the development of new advanced harmonization techniques for radiomic analysis purposes.
Equal-time kinetic equations in a rotational field *
Authors: Chen Shile , Wang Ziyue , Zhuang Pengfei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We investigate quantum kinetic theory for a massive fermion system under a rotational field. From the Dirac equation in rotating frame we derive the complete set of kinetic equations for the spin components of the 8- and 7-dimensional Wigner functions. While the particles are no longer on a mass shell in the general case due to the rotation–spin coupling, there are always only two independent components, which can be taken as the number and spin densities. With help from the off-shell constraint we obtain the closed transport equations for the two independent components in the classical limit and at the quantum level. The classical rotation–orbital coupling controls the dynamical evolution of the number density, but the quantum rotation–spin coupling explicitly changes the spin density.
Optimal mean first-passage time of a Brownian searcher with resetting in one and two dimensions: experiments, theory and numerical tests
Authors: Faisant F , Besga B , Petrosyan A , Ciliberto S , Majumdar Satya N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We experimentally, numerically and theoretically study the optimal mean time needed by a Brownian particle, freely diffusing either in one or two dimensions, to reach, within a tolerance radius R
tol, a target at a distance L from an initial position in the presence of resetting. The reset position is Gaussian distributed with width σ. We derived and tested two resetting protocols, one with a periodic and one with random (Poissonian) resetting times. We computed and measured the full first-passage probability distribution that displays spectacular spikes immediately after each resetting time for close targets. We study the optimal mean first-passage time as a function of the resetting period/rate for different target distances (values of the ratios b = L/σ) and target size (a = R
tol/L). We find an interesting phase transition at a critical value of b, both in one and two dimensions. The details of the calculations as well as the experimental setup and limitations are discussed.
Research On Dynamic Stability Of Vibrating Disk Worktable
Authors: Yan Shifeng , Ma Yuhang , Zhao Jian , Pang Chaofang , He Yupeng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper studies the influence of the material quality in the vibrating plate and the relative height difference of the leaf springs on the stability of the worktable, i n order to obtain the disturbance law; firstly, the control variable method is adopted an d the Ansys workbench software is used to determine the quality of different materials on the worktable under static force. Secondly, the deformation of the beam and the cr ossbeam was compared by a simulation test. The results showed that the heavier the m aterial, the greater the deformation of the upper beam and the smaller the deformation of the crossbeam. Finally, the harmonic response method was used to study the effect of the height difference of the leaf spring on the deformation of the beam and the cro ssbeam of the worktable. The results show that the greater the height difference, the s maller the impact on the stability of the workbench.
Design of Distribution Equipment Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things and Multi-Agent
Authors: Li Ruide , Wang Guowei , Dai Wenxia , Zan Xinyu , Zhang Tiefeng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In order to improve distribution equipment reliability and emergency repair response speed, a distribution equipment monitoring system based on Internet of things and multi-agent is designed by building a hierarchical model. The system is based on the power Internet of things, which is divided into sensing layer, device layer and data center layer. The sensing layer realizes multi-source data acquisition through sensors and acquisition devices; the device layer deploys edge computing agents to realize device-level monitoring; and the data center layer deploys coordinating agents to realize system-level analysis. The dual-way communication is used to realize data transmission between up layer and down layer. The system has the characteristics of distribution, autonomy and multi-objective interaction, which can meet and adapt to the demand and development trend of intelligent operation and maintenance of distribution equipment.
Multi point monitoring method of prestressed tendon based on distributed sensors
Authors: Sun Wei , Du Jun , Wang Qiang , Sun Li 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a multi-point strain monitoring method based on distributed sensors, which can monitor the multi-point stress of prestressed tendons in concrete. Firstly, the special sensor protection device is installed in the designated position of the component. Then, the sensor is placed in the device and attached to the monitored prestressing tendon. After concrete pouring, the device can form a closed space around the sensor to ensure that the sensor can freely expand and move in a small range when the prestressed tendon is tensioned. The proposed method is applied to the monitoring of the construction period and initial operation period of a large-span spatial structure, and the research results show that the method proposed in this paper can well realize the multi-point monitoring of the prestressed tendon strain in the concrete, and effectively solve the engineering problems; through the analysis of the long-term monitoring data, we can accurately grasp the influence of each construction condition on the structure stress, and clarify the actual stress state and long-term change trend of the structure. The obtained monitoring data play a positive role in guiding the construction of prestressed structure, and the construction safety can be objectively evaluated by analyzing the monitoring data.
Charge sharing investigation in a Timepix3 (TPX3) detector through ion probing
Authors: Leroy C. , Papadatos C. , Usman M. , Boussa M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The phenomenon of charge sharing in pixelated particle
detectors and its relationship to a variety of physical parameters
is investigated using a Timepix3 (TPX3) detector with a
500 μm thick silicon sensor. A probing technique is used
with H, Li, and C ion beams produced at the Tandem Van de Graaff
(VdG) accelerator at the University of Montreal (UdeM), as well as
alpha particles from an 241Am radioactive source, to determine
a direct relationship between particle depth and cluster size.
Additionally, the primacy of a particle's energy on the
determination of its corresponding cluster's size is confirmed.
Development and evaluation of lead(II) iodide-based polycrystalline digital dosimeter for quality assurance in brachytherapy
Authors: Yang S.W. , Han M.J. , Park S.K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Brachytherapy is a cancer treatment that involves intensively irradiating a tumor by placing a sealed radioactive isotope inside the body. Determining the position of the source through accurate quality assurance (QA) is important, because brachytherapy uses radioactive isotope sources with high dose rates. However, in clinical practice, the source position is determined with the naked eye through the use of a ruler, autoradiograph, video monitor, etc., which yields inaccurate results. Therefore, in this study, a lead (II) iodide (PbI2) based polycrystalline digital dosimeter that can measure the relative dose was developed for the QA of the brachytherapy device, and its applicability was evaluated in terms of reproducibility, linearity, percentage interval distance (PID), and angular dependence. Reproducibility evaluation yielded a relative standard deviation value of 1.41%, which satisfied the evaluation criterion of 1.5%. The linearity evaluation yielded an R2 value of 0.9993, which satisfied the evaluation criterion of 0.9990. The PID evaluation revealed that, as the distance from the source increased, the signal decreased according to the inverse-square law. When the PbI2-based digital dosimeter was rotated up to 45°, a difference of up to 13.20% in the angular dependence was observed. Thus, the dosimeter fabricated in this experiment met all the criteria of the aforementioned evaluations. Therefore, it is considered to be highly applicable as a dosimeter for the QA of brachytherapy devices.
The gas flow pattern through small size Resistive Plate Chambers with 2 mm gap
Authors: Pezeshkian Y. , Kiyoumarsioskouei A. , Ahmadpouri M. , Ghorbani G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A prototype of a single-gap glass Resistive Plate Chamber
(RPC) is constructed by the authors. To find the requirements for
better operation of the detector's gas system, we have simulated the
flow of the Argon gas through the detector by using computational
fluid dynamic methods. Simulations show that the pressure inside the
chamber linearly depends on the gas flow rate and the chamber's
output hose length. The simulation results were compatible with
experiments. We have found that the pressure-driven speed of the gas
molecules is two orders of magnitude larger in the inlet and outlet
regions than the blocked corners of a 14 × 14 cm2
chamber, and most likely the difference in speed is higher for
larger detectors and different geometries.
Wave-like global economic ripple response to Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Middelanis Robin , Willner Sven N , Otto Christian , Kuhla Kilian , Quante Lennart , Levermann Anders 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Tropical cyclones range among the costliest disasters on Earth. Their economic repercussions along the supply and trade network also affect remote economies that are not directly affected. We here simulate possible global repercussions on consumption for the example case of Hurricane Sandy in the US (2012) using the shock-propagation model Acclimate. The modeled shock yields a global three-phase ripple: an initial production demand reduction and associated consumption price decrease, followed by a supply shortage with increasing prices, and finally a recovery phase. Regions with strong trade relations to the US experience strong magnitudes of the ripple. A dominating demand reduction or supply shortage leads to overall consumption gains or losses of a region, respectively. While finding these repercussions in historic data is challenging due to strong volatility of economic interactions, numerical models like ours can help to identify them by approaching the problem from an exploratory angle, isolating the effect of interest. For this, our model simulates the economic interactions of over 7000 regional economic sectors, interlinked through about 1.8 million trade relations. Under global warming, the wave-like structures of the economic response to major hurricanes like the one simulated here are likely to intensify and potentially overlap with other weather extremes.
On intermediate statistics across many-body localization transition
Authors: De Bitan , Sierant Piotr , Zakrzewski Jakub 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The level statistics in the transition between delocalized and localized phases of many body interacting systems is considered. We recall the joint probability distribution for eigenvalues resulting from the statistical mechanics for energy level dynamics as introduced by Pechukas and Yukawa. The resulting single parameter analytic distribution is probed numerically via Monte Carlo method. The resulting higher order spacing ratios are compared with data coming from different quantum many body systems. It is found that this Pechukas–Yukawa distribution compares favorably with β–Gaussian ensemble—a single parameter model of level statistics proposed recently in the context of disordered many-body systems. Moreover, the Pechukas–Yukawa distribution is also only slightly inferior to the two-parameter β–h ansatz shown earlier to reproduce level statistics of physical systems remarkably well.
Breath biomarkers of total body irradiation in non-human primates
Authors: Phillips Michael , Grun Felix , Schmitt Peter 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background. Radiation exposure causes oxidative stress, eliciting production of metabolites that are exhaled in the breath as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We evaluated breath VOCs as potential biomarkers for use in radiation biodosimetry. Methods. Five anesthetized non-human primates receive total body irradiation (TBI) of three daily fractions of 120 cGy per day for three days, resulting in a cumulative dose of 10.8 Gy. Breath samples were collected prior to irradiation and after each radiation fraction, and analyzed with gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Results. TBI elicited a prompt and statistically significant increase in the abundance of several hundred VOCs in the breath, including some that were increased more than five-fold, with100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for radiation exposure. The most significant breath VOC biomarkers of radiation mainly comprised straight-chain n-alkanes (e.g. hexane), as well as methylated alkanes (e.g. 3-methyl-pentane) and alkane derivatives (e.g. 2-butyl-1-octanol), consistent with metabolic products of oxidative stress. An unidentified breath VOC biomarker increased more than ten-fold following TBI, and rose linearly with the total cumulative dose of radiation (R
2 = 0.92). Conclusions. TBI of non-human primates elicited increased production of breath VOCs consistent with increased oxidative stress. These findings provide a rational basis for further evaluation of breath VOC biomarkers in human radiation biodosimetry.
Feeding preference of herbivorous fish: Family Scaridae
Authors: El Rahimi S A , Hendra E , Isdianto A , Luthfi O M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Parrotfish is one of dominant species in Indo-Pacific areas which have 9 genera and 83 species. In ecological perspective, the feeding behaviours of these fish very important, due to control population of algae in coral reef ecosystem. They used their jaw to excavate and scrape alga which living on coral substrata, so sometime resulted on erosion in substrates and coral. The aim of this research to record the diet preference of Scariids fish in NCF Putri Menjangan conservation area, Bali on January to february 2020. Group of Scariids fish was recorded by underwater camera for one minute then the bites scared were calculated manually and photographed. The result of study showed that 10 species from two genera (Chlorurus and Scarus) was dominantly herbivorous fish in this area. The highest number of fish bites at station 1 was obtained from S. qouyi species with a total of 41.27 bpm, while stations 2 and 3 were obtained from S. rivulatus species with a number of 40.96 bpm and 41.59 bpm, respectively. The majority of parrotfish species found chose to forage on dead coral with algae substrates because the water conditions were not optimal for the growth of coral, so many corals died and their skeletons were overgrown by algae.