bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidural Steroid Injections for Management of Degenerative Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Gerling Michael C. , Bortz Cole , Pierce Katherine E. , Lurie Jon D. , Zhao Wenyan , Passias Peter G. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Although epidural steroid injection (ESI) may provide pain relief for patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis in treatment regimens of up to 4 months, it remains unclear whether ESI affects crossover from nonoperative to operative management.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study analyzed 2 groups of surgical candidates with degenerative spondylolisthesis: those who received ESI within 3 months after enrollment (ESI group) and those who did not (no-ESI group). Annual outcomes following enrollment were assessed within operative and nonoperative groups (patients who initially chose or were assigned to surgery or nonoperative treatment) by using longitudinal mixed-effect models with a random subject intercept term accounting for correlations between repeated measurements. Treatment comparisons were performed at follow-up intervals. Area-under-the-curve analysis for all time points assessed the global significance of treatment.

Results:
The study included 192 patients in the no-ESI group and 74 in the ESI group. The no-ESI group had greater baseline Short Form-36 (SF-36) Bodily Pain scores (median, 35 versus 32) and self-reported preference for surgery (38% versus 11%). There were no differences in surgical rates within 4 years after enrollment between the no-ESI and ESI groups (61% versus 62%). The surgical ESI and no-ESI groups also showed no differences in changes in patient-reported outcomes at any follow-up interval or in the 4-year average. Compared with the nonoperative ESI group, the nonoperative no-ESI group showed greater improvements in SF-36 scores for Bodily Pain (p = 0.004) and Physical Function (p = 0.005) at 4 years, Bodily Pain at 1 year (p = 0.002) and 3 years (p = 0.005), and Physical Function at 1 year (p = 0.030) and 2 years (p = 0.002). Of the patients who were initially treated nonsurgically, those who received ESI and those who did not receive ESI did not differ with regard to surgical crossover rates. The rates of crossover to nonoperative treatment by patients who initially chose or were assigned to surgery also did not differ between the ESI and no-ESI groups.

Conclusions:
There was no relationship between ESI and improved clinical outcomes over a 4-year study period for patients who chose or were assigned to receive surgery for degenerative spondylolisthesis. In the nonsurgical group, ESI was associated with inferior pain reduction through 3 years, although this was confounded by greater baseline pain. ESI showed little relationship with surgical crossover.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Use of Inline Spinner for Determination of Zonal Flow Rates in Vertical and Moderately Deviated Wells
Authors: El-Sheikh Mahmoud I. , El-Banbi Ahmed H. 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Accurate zonal flow rate determination is necessary for better reservoir behavior understanding and for making important decisions that can improve well productivity. Knowledge of the capabilities of different reservoir zones in the same well also has significant importance in reservoir performance monitoring and selection of perforation intervals in development wells.
Conventional production log analysis techniques can usually yield good results only if the fullbore spinner readings are reliable. However, the fullbore spinner measurement may not be available in some wells. Examples include cases in which the fullbore spinner cannot access the well due to mechanical obstruction, or when the casing is not clean enough, causing potential plugging of fullbore spinner blades. In these situations, the fullbore flow-rate readings may not be available or at least unclear or confusing, which may lead to incorrect decisions. In many of these situations, inline spinner (ILS) data may be readily available.
The ILS is often used for qualitative interpretation (i.e., determining which zones are producing), but there is not a specific method to use the ILS for a quantitative solution in the absence of surface measurements of rates. In this paper, we introduce a new method to calculate the volumetric zonal flow rate using ILS data with high accuracy. Approximately 40 oil wells are used to develop an empirical correlation to compute zonal flow rates from ILS data in casing strings. The new method was used to quantitatively interpret eight oil wells for validation. In these wells, fullbore and ILS data were significantly different. The new method for interpretation of ILS data provided results consistent with surface production tests and led to decisions that contributed to increasing production rates.
Adrenal Myelolipoma: 372 Cases from A High-volume Center
Authors: Lin Lede , Gong Lina , Zhou Liang , Cheng Liang , Liu Zhihong , Shen Sikui , Zhu Yuchun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background. Adrenal myelolipoma (AML) is a non-functional benign neoplasm from adrenal cortex, composed of mature fat and hematopoietic tissue. Usually, patients have no symptoms. However, some present with hypertension and blood pressure normalizes after surgery, indicating some connections between AML and hypertension.Materials and Methods. This is a retrospective cohort study of 372 patients diagnosed with AML from September 2008 to December 2018 collected in Urology Department of West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. We collected clinical records of patients before surgery. Postoperative follow-up was also done for those with hypertension and whether patients needed to take antihypertensive drugs and postoperative blood pressure were recorded. We aim to explore the characteristics of both AML patients with hypertension and remission of hypertension in 1 year after surgery.Results. There were 372 AML patients included in the study, 159 males and 213 females, aged 49.77±11.64 years old. Among them, 118 patients presented with hypertension. The percentage of hypertension in each subgroup increased with age. Sixty patients were followed up for 1 to 9 years, with a median follow-up of 52 months. The course of hypertension in the remission group was shorter than that in the non-remission group (P=0.020), and tumor lateralization was significantly different between two groups (P=0.005).Conclusion. Nearly one third of AML patients suffered from hypertension in our study and there do exist some potential links between AML and hypertension.
Universal Light-Driven Micro/Nanoscale Rotors
Authors: Ding Hongru , Kollipara Pavana , Kotnala Abhay , Chen Zhihan , Zheng Yuebing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The capability of rotating micro/nanoscale particles and structures is important for micro/nanorobotics, three-dimensional particle imaging, and lab-on-a-chip systems. Light-driven rotors are especially attractive due to the fuel-free and remote operation. However, relying on a torque that arises from the momentum exchange with photons, current light-driven rotors require laser beams with designed intensity profile and polarization, or rotors with sophisticated shapes or material birefringence These requirements hinder the light-driven rotation of many highly symmetric or isotropic particles, including biological cells, with simple optics. Herein, we report a universal approach to the out-of-plane rotation of various objects, including spherically symmetric and isotropic particles, using single arbitrary low-power laser beams. Moreover, the driving laser beam is positioned away from the rotors to reduce optical damage from the direct light illumination. The working mechanism of the rotors based on opto-thermo-electrical coupling is elucidated by systematic experiments combined with multiscale simulations. With its general applicability and simple optics, our universal light-driven rotation platform will become an essential component in various scientific research and engineering applications.
Epithelial paraphagy is a luminal lipophilic signal sensor and promotes transepithelial cholesterol clearance
Authors: (Co-first) Bao Li Zhang , (Co-First) Bao Ying Liu , (Co-First) Da Yuan Gao , Zhou Xin , Xu Xin Yu , Zhang Ze Peng , Wu Xiao Kang , Shi Su Meng , Zhang Stacey Cheng , Zhou Yuchuan , Jiang Jing , Shi Hui-juan , Shi Shuo , antos christopher , Horng Tiffany , Li Jinsong , Zhang Yonglian , Shum Winnie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Epithelial endocytosis is essential for physiological homeostasis. The current dogma is that all endocytotic mechanisms involve only single-membrane vesicles at the plasma membrane. Here, we report a previously undescribed LC3-associated phagocytosis mechanism which forms double-membrane phagosomes from the epithelial tight-junction paracellular membranes, which we term “paraphagy”. We observed that paraphagy is present in epithelia of the renal, respiratory, circulatory, and male reproductive systems. In the epididymis, paraphagy takes up lipophilic cargo, including apolipoproteins, by involving the surface low-affinity IgG-receptor Fcgr2b and occludin-bound intracellular HDL-receptor ATP5b. In this way, extracellular lipophilic signals are sensed and intracellular phagolysosomes are maintained. Occludin-null male mice show arrested paraphagy and impaired phagolysosome in proximal epididymal compartments, accompanying cholesterol accumulation, ApoJ deposition and dysregulated metabolic-dependent processes in distal compartments, including redox-promoted VK-dependent MGP-carboxylation. We propose that paraphagy senses and distinguishes the luminal lipophilic signals in epithelia and modulates their function via crosstalk across physiological compartments.
Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs)-Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strains in Captive Giant Pandas
Authors: Su Xiaoyan , Yan Xia , Li Yunli , Zhang Dongsheng , Li Lin , Geng Yi , Su Fei , Yue Chanjuan , Hou Rong , Liu Songrui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae remain a critical clinical concern in the world. However, limited information is available concerning ESBLs-producing K. pneumoniae in giant pandas. The objective of this study was to characterize ESBLs-producing K. pneumoniae isolates from the giant panda. A total of 211 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from 108 giant pandas housed at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, China. Samples were screened for the ESBLs-producing phenotype via the double-disk synergy test method. Result: A total of three (1.42%, n = 211) ESBLs-producing K. pneumoniae strains were identified and subjected to MLST (Multi-locus Sequence Typing) analysis for the characterization of ESBLs-encoding genes, transposons, antimicrobial resistance genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Among the three ESBLs-producing isolates, different ESBLs-encoding genes, including blaCTX-M-1, blaSHV, and blaTEM were detected. Three isolates were found to carry transposons (i.e., aac6-ib and tnpU) and antimicrobial resistance genes (i.e., aac6-ib, tnpU, aac6-1, qnrA, and qnrB). Furthermore, these three isolates were resistant to at least 15 antibiotics and had different ST isotypes (ST37, ST290, and ST2640). Conclusion: Effective surveillance and strict infection control strategies should be implemented to prevent outbreaks of ESBLs-producing K. pneumoniae in giant panda.
Comparison of Face-To-Face and Telephone Interviews in the Dietary Intake Assessment by The 24-Hour Recall in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Authors: Mahmoodi Mohammad Reza , Kazemian Behnaz , Asaadi Shila 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

We sought to compare the means energy, energy contribution from macronutrients, and selected nutrients intakes of patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) between telephone interviews and a face-to-face interview in the dietary intake assessment by the 24-hour recall.
Methods

Sixty-eight females with T2DM aged 50–55 years enrolled randomly in a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study from the diabetic clinic of Shahid Bahonar. The patients completed three consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls. The first interview was face-to-face, and the subsequent 2 recalls were conducted by telephone.
Results

There were significant differences between the mean intakes energy and 18 selected nutrients calculated using two telephone interviews together versus all three interviews (P. values from 0.027 until < 0.001). There were significant differences between the mean intakes energy and 18 selected nutrients calculated using a face-to-face interview versus all three interviews (P. values from 0.027 until < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the mean intakes energy and 18 selected nutrients calculated using two telephone interviews. However, there were significant differences between the mean intakes energy and 18 selected nutrients calculated using face-to-face interview versus two telephone interviews together (P. values from 0.031 until < 0.001).
Conclusions

We concluded that the telephone approach could not be considered as an alternative to the face-to-face approach for collecting dietary data by the 24-hour dietary recall method as an open-ended assessment. Each of the telephone interviews versus face-to-face interview underreporting and underestimate the total energy and nutrients intakes in the 24-hour dietary recall.
Dietary Intake and Food Behaviours of Senegalese Adolescent Girls
Authors: Johnson Madélie Giguère , Blaney Sonia , Ward Stephanie , Galibois Isabelle , Ndiaye Aminata Ndéné 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Malnutrition is a public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. In Senegal, 35% of adolescent girls are undernourished and 56% are anemic. Methods: This study assessed dietary intake of adolescent girls aged 14-18 years in Dakar, Senegal. Specifically, the study 1) assessed their energy, fibre, macro- and micronutrient intakes, 2) described the types and the quality of the foods they consume, and 3) assessed some of their eating behaviours. Dietary intake was measured using three non-consecutive 24-hour recalls from 136 adolescent girls attending two colleges. Energy and nutrient intakes were assessed and compared to recommendations. Foods were classified by food group and by whether they were healthy or unhealthy. Proportions of girls who ate breakfast as well as their daily intake (g) of fruits and vegetables were calculated. Results: Sodium intake was high while fibre intake was low. On average, 40% of the adolescents’ total energy intake came from fats. Mean intakes of zinc and calcium were higher in the weekend as compared to weekdays while the opposite was observed for sodium. Prevalence of inadequate intakes was above 80% for iron while almost 100% were at risk of calcium deficiency. Approximately 60% of the foods consumed were classified as healthy, however the majority of healthy foods came from grains. Conclusions: Adolescent nutrition deserves attention given the poor quality of their dietary intake which may put them at risk of malnutrition and chronic diseases. These findings may be used to help improve programs targeting Senegalese adolescent girls’ nutrition.
Biological data annotation via a human-augmenting AI-based labeling interface
Authors: Esteva Andre , Wal Douwe van der , Jhun Iny , Laklouk Israa , Nirschl Jeffrey , Richer Lara , Rojansky Rebecca , Theparee Talent , Wheeler Joshua , Sander Jorg , Feng Felix , Mohamad Osama , Socher Richard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Biology has become a prime area for the deployment of deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI), enabled largely by the massive datasets that the field can generate. Key to most AI tasks is the availability of a sufficiently large, labeled dataset with which to train AI models. In the context of microscopy, it is easy to generate image datasets containing millions of cells and structures. However, it is challenging to obtain large-scale high-quality annotations for AI models. Here we present HALI (Human-Augmenting Labeling Interface), a human-in-the-loop AI-based data labeling tool which begins un-initialized and learns annotations from a human, in real-time. Using a multi-part AI composed of three deep learning models, HALI learns from just a few examples and immediately increases both the efficiency of the annotator, and the quality of the annotations. Using a highly repetitive use-case --- annotating cell types --- and running experiments with seven pathologists --- experts at microscopic analysis of biological specimens --- we demonstrate an average human-efficiency improvement of 5.15x and an average data-quality boost of 4.34%, measured across four use-cases and two tissue stain types.
Does Restraint Use Depend on the Hospital? A Multilevel Analysis of Multicentre Prevalence Measurements
Authors: Thomann Silvia , Hahn Sabine , Bauer Silvia , Richter Dirk , Zwakhalen Sandra 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
In restraint use in the somatic acute-care hospital setting, routine and institutional culture seem to play an important role. This implies that similar patient situations would be managed with restraints in one hospital, while in another hospital the situation would be managed without restraints. This practice variation appears to be ethically and legally questionable. The influence of organisation-specific factors such as the availability of guidelines is discussed. However, the relevance of such factors at the hospital level has been rarely investigated to date. Therefore, the aims of this study were a) to determine how much variance in restraint use can be explained on the hospital level and b) to examine the impact of organisational factors on restraint use.
Methods
A secondary data analysis of cross-sectional multicentre data was performed. Data were collected during three quality measurements (2016–2018) in acute-care hospitals in Switzerland and Austria. Hospitalised patients from different medical specialties aged 18 + with informed consent were included. Descriptive analysis and multilevel logistic regression analysis were performed.
Results
The study included 29,477 patients from a total of 140 hospitals. The 30-day prevalence rate of patients with at least one restraint was 8.7% (n = 2,577). The availability of guidelines regarding restraint use and refresher courses for nursing staff were associated with less restraint use (odds ratios = 0.60 and 0.76). By adding the hospital as a random effect, the explained variance of the model increased from 24–55%.
Conclusions
The use of restraints varies widely between hospitals, even considering patient characteristics. The identification of situations in which restraints were used out of routine or institutional culture appears to be an important approach in restraint reduction. Investments in appropriate structures and employee knowledge can facilitate providing restraint-free care as much as possible.
Kinetics and correlates of the neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Klein Florian , Vanshylla Kanika , Cristanziano Veronica , Kleipass Franziska , Dewald Felix , Schommers Philipp , Gieselmann Lutz , Gruell Henning , Schlotz Maike , Ercanoglu Meryem , Stumpf Ricarda , Mayer Petra , Heger Eva , Johannis Wibke , Horn Carola , Suárez Isabelle , Jung Norma , Salomon Susanne , Eberhardt Kirsten , Fätkenheuer Gerd , Pfeifer Nico , Eggeling Ralf , Augustin Max , Lehmann Clara 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A detailed understanding of antibody-based SARS-CoV-2 immunity has critical implications for overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic and for informing on vaccination strategies. In this study, we evaluated the dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in a cohort of 963 recovered individuals over a period of 10 months. Investigating a total of 2,146 samples, we detected an initial SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in 94.4% of individuals, with 82% and 79% exhibiting serum and IgG neutralization, respectively. Approximately 3% of recovered patients demonstrated exceptional SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity, defining them as ‘elite neutralizers’. These individuals also possessed effective cross-neutralizing IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-1 without any known prior exposure to this virus. By applying multivariate statistical modeling, we found that sero-reactivity, age, time since disease onset, and fever are key factors predicting SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity in mild courses of COVID-19. Investigating longevity of the antibody response, we detected loss of anti-spike reactivity in 13% of individuals 10 months after infection. Moreover, neutralizing activity had an initial half-life of 6.7 weeks in serum versus 30.8 weeks in purified IgG samples indicating the presence of a more stable and long-term memory IgG B cell repertoire in the majority of individuals recovered from COVID-19. Our results demonstrate a broad spectrum of the initial SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody response depending on clinical characteristics, with antibodies being maintained in the majority of individuals for the first 10 months after mild course of COVID-19.
Diagnostic Performance of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Artificial Intelligence Using Deep Learning Analysis of Gallbladder Polypoid Lesions: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Jang Sung Ill , Kim Young Jae , Kim Eui Joo , Kang Huapyong , Shon Seung Jin , Seol Yu Jin , Lee Dong Ki , Kim Kwang Gi , Cho Jae Hee 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is the most accurate diagnostic modality for polypoid lesions of the gallbladder (GB), but is limited by subjective interpretation. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) in differentiating polypoid lesions using EUS images. The diagnostic performance of the EUS-AI system with ResNet50 architecture was evaluated via three processes: training, internal validation, and testing. The diagnostic performance was also verified using an external validation cohort and compared with the performance of EUS endoscopists. In the AI development cohort, the diagnostic performance of EUS-AI including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy. For the differential diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic GB polyps, these values for EUS-AI were 77.8%, 91.6%, 57.9%, 96.5%, and 89.8%, respectively. In the external validation cohort, the differential diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic GB polyps, these values were 60.3%, 77.4%, 36.2%, 90.2%, and 74.4%, respectively, for EUS-AI; they were 74.2%, 44.9%, 75.4%, 46.2%, and 65.3%, respectively, for the endoscopists. The accuracy of the EUS-AI was between the accuracies of mid-level (66.7%) and expert EUS endoscopists (77.5%). This EUS-AI system showed favorable performance for the diagnosis of neoplastic GB polyps, with a performance comparable to that of EUS endoscopists.