bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver transplant with controlled donors after circulatory death with normothermic regional perfusion and brain dead donors: A multicenter cohort study of transfusion, one-year graft survival and mortality
Authors: Viguera Laura , Blasi Annabel , Reverter Enric , Arjona Begoña , Caballero Marta , Chocron Ivette , García-López José Antonio , Gutierrez Rosa , Martin Maria Jesús , Pérez-Peña Jose , Pitera Javier , Zarragoikoetxea Iratxe , Sabaté Antoni , Belmonte C. , Bustamante J. , Beltran J. , Colmenero J. , Costa M. , Fondevila C. , Galan P. , García-Palenciano C. , Garrido J. L. , Gomez-Serrano J. , Gonzalez S. , de la Fuente Jimenez C. , Jimeno C. , Leon A. , Lopez-Toribio P. , Marín A. , del Mazo A. , de Nadal M. , Ojinaga G. , Padilla J. , Tevar J. , Torres M. , Zaballos M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD) has expanded the donor pool for liver transplantation (LT). However, transfusion requirements and perioperative outcomes should be elucidated. The aim of this multicenter study was to assess red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, one-year graft and patient survival after LT after cDCD with normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) compared with donors after brain death (DBD).

Methods
591 LT carried out in ten centers during 2019 were reviewed. Thromboelastometry was used to manage coagulation and blood product transfusion in all centers. Normothermic regional perfusion was the standard technique for organ recovery.

Results
447 patients received DBD and 144 cDCD with NRP. Baseline MCF Extem was lower in the cDCD group There were no differences in the percentage of patients (63% vs. 61% p = 0.69), nor in the number of RBC units transfused (4.7 (0.2) vs 5.5 (0.4) in DBD vs cDCD, p = 0.11. Twenty-six patients (6%) died during admission for LT in the DBD group compared with 3 patients (2%) in the cDCD group (p = 0.15). To overcome the bias due to a worse coagulation profile in cDCD recipients, matched samples were compared. No differences in baseline laboratory data, or in intraoperative use of RBC or one-year outcome data were observed between DBD and cDCD recipients.

Conclusions
cDCD with NRP is not associated with increased RBC transfusion. No differences in graft and patient survival between cDCD and DBD were found. Donors after controlled circulatory death with NRP can increasingly be utilized with safety, improving the imbalance between organ donors and the ever-growing demand.

Highlights
Multifacility Outbreak of NDM/OXA-23–Producing Acinetobacter baumannii in California, 2020–2021
Authors: Holden Diana , Mitsunaga Tisha , Sanford Denise , Fryer Tanya , Nash June , Schneider Emily , Mukhopadhyay Rituparna , Epson Erin , Sylvester Matthew 
Published: November 2021

Background: NDM/OXA-23 carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolates have been reported worldwide, but rarely in the United States. A California acute-care hospital (ACH) A identified 3 patients with pan-nonsusceptible A. baumannii during May–June 2020, prompting a public health investigation to prevent further transmission among the regional healthcare network. Methods: A clinical isolate was defined as NDM/OXA-23–producing A. baumannii from a patient at ACH A or B, or an epidemiologically linked patient identified through colonization screening during May 2020–January 2021. ACHs A and B are sentinel sites for carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii surveillance through the Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory Network (AR Lab Network), where isolates are tested for carbapenemase genes. The California Department of Public Health with 3 local health departments conducted an epidemiological investigation, contact tracing, colonization screening, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Results: In total, 11 cases were identified during May 2020–January 2021, including 3 cases at ACH A during May–June 2020, and 8 additional cases during November 2020–January 2021: 5 at ACH A, 1 at ACH B, and 2 at skilled nursing facility (SNF) A. Isolates from ACHs A and B were identified through testing at the AR Lab Network. Of the 11 patients (including the index patient), 4 had exposure at SNF A, where 2 cases were identified through colonization screening. Screening conducted at ACH A and 5 other long-term care facilities (LTCFs) identified no additional cases. WGS results for the first 8 cases identified showed 2–13 single-nucleotide polymorphism differences. Antibiotic resistance genes for all isolates sequenced included NDM-1 and OXA-23. On-site assessments related to a COVID-19 outbreak conducted at ACH A identified infection control gaps. Conclusions: Hospital participation in public health laboratory surveillance allows early detection of novel multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), which enabled outbreak identification and public health response. A high COVID-19 burden and related changes in infection control practices have been associated with MDRO transmission elsewhere in California. This factor might have contributed to spread at ACH A and hampered earlier screening efforts at SNF A, likely leading to undetected transmission. Extensive movement of positive patients among a regional healthcare network including at least 6 ACHs and 7 LTCFs likely contributed to the prolonged duration of this outbreak. This investigation highlights the importance of enhanced novel MDRO surveillance strategies coupled with strong infection prevention and control practices as important factors in identifying outbreaks and preventing further transmission in regional networks.Funding: NoDisclosures: None
Transmission of Acinetobacter baumannii by Surgical Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Saidel Lisa , Borer Abraham , Sagi Orli 
Published: November 2021

Background:Acinetobacter baumannii, one of the major causes of nosocomial infections in modern healthcare systems, is characterized by its great persistence in the environment and by its ability to rapidly develop resistance to many antimicrobials. Most A. baumannii infections occur in intubated critically ill patients, causing ventilator-associated pneumonia which is a leading cause of mortality. During the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic an increase in hospital-acquired carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) infection and colonization in acute-care hospitals has been described. CRAB healthcare-associated infections are often linked to breaches of infection prevention and control (IPC). Beginning in April 2020, our hospital’s IPC unit ordered mandatory universal masking for all healthcare workers (HCWs). Shortages of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic led to extended use of surgical face masks by HCWs in our hospital. We investigated whether the extended use of surgical face masks was linked to an increase of CRAB colonization in our intubated critically ill patients. Methods: Surgical masks were collected from doctors, nurses, and housekeeping staff working in 2 internal medicine departments, each including a 4-bed unit for intubated critically ill patients. All surgical masks were worn continuously for 4–5 hours before removal. “Cases“ were defined as HCWs who treated CRAB colonized critically ill patients. “Controls“ were defined as HCWs who did not enter the critically ill patient unit. Surgical masks were incubated with BHI enrichment broth (HyLabs Rehovot, Israel) for 48 hours at 35°C. BHI was seeded on multidrug-resistant (MDR)–selective CHROMagar plates (HyLabs) and incubated overnight at 35°C. Identification was performed using MALDI-ToF mass spectrophotometry (bioMérieux, France). Susceptibility was tested using Vitek 2 (bioMérieux). Results: In total, 55 HCWs participated in the study: 25 cases and 30 controls. Masks from 10 cases (40%) were colonized with Acinetobacter spp versus only 3 masks (10%) from controls (OR, 5.98; 95% CI, 1.42–25; P = .012). Of 13 masks contaminated with Acinetobacter spp, 8 of 10 contaminated masks among cases were colonized with CRAB, whereas only 1 of 3 masks of controls was colonized with CRAB. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, extended surgical mask use while treating patients colonized with CRAB increased mask contamination with this bacterium. Surgical masks should be changed after treating a patient colonized with CRAB the same way gown and glove removal and hand hygiene are performed.Funding: NoDisclosures: None
The MWA long baseline Epoch of reionisation survey—I. Improved source catalogue for the EoR 0 field
Authors: Lynch C. R. , Galvin T. J. , Line J. L. B. , Jordan C. H. , Trott C. M. , Chege J. K. , McKinley B. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Tingay S. J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne of the principal systematic constraints on the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) experiment is the accuracy of the foreground calibration model. Recent results have shown that highly accurate models of extended foreground sources, and including models for sources in both the primary beam and its sidelobes, are necessary for reducing foreground power. To improve the accuracy of the source models for the EoR fields observed by the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), we conducted the MWA Long Baseline Epoch of Reionisation Survey (LoBES). This survey consists of multi-frequency observations of the main MWA EoR fields and their eight neighbouring fields using the MWA Phase II extended array. We present the results of the first half of this survey centred on the MWA EoR0 observing field (centred at RA (J2000)$0^\mathrm{h}$, Dec (J2000)$-27^{\circ}$). This half of the survey covers an area of 3 069 degrees$^2$, with an average rms of 2.1 mJy beam–1. The resulting catalogue contains a total of 80 824 sources, with 16 separate spectral measurements between 100 and 230 MHz, and spectral modelling for 78$\%$of these sources. Over this region we estimate that the catalogue is 90$\%$complete at 32 mJy, and 70$\%$complete at 10.5 mJy. The overall normalised source counts are found to be in good agreement with previous low-frequency surveys at similar sensitivities. Testing the performance of the new source models we measure lower residual rms values for peeled sources, particularly for extended sources, in a set of MWA Phase I data. The 2-dimensional power spectrum of these data residuals also show improvement on small angular scales—consistent with the better angular resolution of the LoBES catalogue. It is clear that the LoBES sky models improve upon the current sky model used by the Australian MWA EoR group for the EoR0 field.
Structural basis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of HCQ: specific binding to N protein to disrupt its interaction with nucleic acids and LLPS
Authors: Dang Mei , Song Jianxing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein plays the essential roles in key steps of the viral life cycle, thus representing a top drug target. Functionality of N protein including liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) depends on its interaction with nucleic acids. Only the variants with N proteins functional in binding nucleic acids might survive and spread in evolution and indeed, the residues critical for binding nucleic acids are highly conserved. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was shown to prevent the transmission in a large-scale clinical study in Singapore but so far, no specific SARS-CoV-2 protein was experimentally identified to be targeted by HCQ. Here by NMR, we unambiguously decode that HCQ specifically binds NTD and CTD of N protein with Kd of 112.1 and 57.1 μM, respectively to inhibit their interaction with nucleic acid, as well as to disrupt LLPS. Most importantly, HCQ-binding residues are identical in SARS-CoV-2 variants and therefore HCQ is likely effective to different variants. The results not only provide a structural basis for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of HCQ, but also renders HCQ to be the first known drug capable of targeting LLPS. Furthermore, the unique structure of the HCQ-CTD complex suggests a promising strategy for design of better anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs from HCQ.
Triple semicircular canal occlusion: a surgical perspective with short- and long-term outcomes
Authors: Kontorinis G , Thachil G 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the short- and long-term outcomes of triple semicircular canal occlusion as a potential alternative for patients with intractable Ménière's disease.MethodsA retrospective case series was performed in university settings, enrolling patients with intractable Ménière's disease with previous maximum treatment, who underwent transmastoid, triple semicircular canal occlusion. The study documented: pre- and post-operative Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores at six weeks and one year post-treatment, pure tone audiometry, and surgical aspects.ResultsTwo female patients, aged 42 and 65 years, underwent unilateral three-semicircular-canal occlusion. Their respective Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores improved from 88 to 68 and 54 to 30 at six weeks post-operatively, with scores of 66 and 0 at one year post-treatment. The one patient with pre-existing functional hearing maintained her hearing threshold post-operatively.ConclusionTriple semicircular canal occlusion is a safe, hearing-preserving, extracranial alternative technique that can control rotatory vertigo in patients with intractable Ménière's disease, when other measures have failed.
Effect of non-pharmacological interventions on the COVID-19 epidemic in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlJohani Naif I. , Mutai Kipkoech 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We quantified the potential impact of different social distancing and self-isolation scenarios on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic trajectory in Saudi Arabia and compared the modelling results to the confirmed epidemic trajectory. Using the susceptible, exposed, infected, quarantined and self-isolated, requiring hospitalisation, recovered/immune individuals, fatalities model, we assessed the impact of a non-pharmacological interventions’ subset. An unmitigated scenario (baseline), mitigation scenarios (25% reduction in social contact/twofold increase in self-isolation) and enhanced mitigation scenarios (50% reduction in social contact/twofold increase in self-isolation) were assessed and compared to the actual epidemic trajectory. For the unmitigated scenario, mitigation scenarios, enhanced mitigation scenarios and actual observed epidemic, the peak daily incidence rates (per 10 000 population) were 77.00, 16.00, 9.00 and 1.14 on days 71, 54, 35 and 136, respectively. The peak fatality rates were 35.00, 13.00, 5.00 and 0.016 on days 150, 125, 60 and 155, respectively. The R0 was 1.15, 1.14, 1.22 and 2.50, respectively. Aggressive implementation of social distancing and self-isolation contributed to the downward trend of the disease. We recommend using extensive models that comprehensively consider the natural history of COVID-19, social and behavioural patterns, age-specific data, actual network topology and population to elucidate the epidemic's magnitude and trajectory.
A quantitative model for simply typed λ-calculus
Authors: Hofmann Martin , Ledent Jérémy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe use a simplified version of the framework of resource monoids, introduced by Dal Lago and Hofmann, to interpret simply typed λ-calculus with constants zero and successor. We then use this model to prove a simple quantitative result about bounding the size of the normal form of λ-terms. While the bound itself is already known, this is to our knowledge the first semantic proof of this fact. Our use of resource monoids differs from the other instances found in the literature, in that it measures the size of λ-terms rather than time complexity.
Outcomes for unplanned reinterventions following paediatric cardiac surgery for tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Beshish Asaad G. , Aronoff Elizabeth B. , Rao Nikita , Basu Mohua , Zinyandu Tawanda , Shaw Fawwaz R. , Fundora Michael P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground:Advances in surgical techniques and post-operative management of children with CHD have significantly lowered mortality rates. Unplanned cardiac interventions are a significant complication with implications on morbidity and mortality.Methods:We conducted a single-centre retrospective case–control study for patients (<18 years) undergoing cardiac surgery for repair of Tetralogy of Fallot between January 2009 and December 2019. Data included patient characteristics, operative variables and outcomes. This study aimed to assess the incidence and risk factors for reintervention of Tetralogy of Fallot after cardiac surgery. The secondary outcome was to examine the incidence of long-term morbidity and mortality in those who underwent unplanned reinterventions.Results:During the study period 29 patients (6.8%) underwent unplanned reintervention, and were matched to 58 patients by age, weight and sex. Median age was 146 days, and median weight was 5.8 kg. Operative mortality was 7%, and 1-year survival was 86% for the entire cohort (cases and controls). Hispanic patients were more likely to have reinterventions (p = 0.04) in the unadjusted analysis, while Asian, Pacific Islander and Native American (p = 0.01) in the multi-variate analysis. Patients that underwent reintervention were more likely to have post-op arrhythmia, genetic syndromes and higher operative and 1-year mortality (p < 0.05).Conclusion:Unplanned cardiac interventions following Tetralogy of Fallot repair are common, and associated with increased operative, and 1-year mortality. Race, genetic syndromes and post-operative arrhythmia are associated with increased odds of unplanned reinterventions. Future studies are needed to identify modifiable risk factors to minimise unplanned reinterventions.
THE INTEREST THEORY OF RIGHTS: STILL STANDING
Authors: Kurki Visa A.J. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTIn two recent papers, Mark McBride has attacked the interest theory of rights, both introducing new arguments and claiming that interest theorists have not successfully deflected Gopal Sreenivasan's earlier arguments. This essay replies to all of McBride's criticisms, showing them to be mistaken.
Ecosystem Productivity and Evapotranspiration Dynamics of a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest of the Yucatan Peninsula
Authors: Uuh‐Sonda Jorge Maximiliano , Figueroa‐Espinoza Bernardo , Gutiérrez‐Jurado Hugo Alberto , Méndez‐Barroso Luis Arturo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTropical forests are among the most threatened ecosystems despite their important role in the global carbon and water cycles. In Mexico, the Yucatan Peninsula (YP) hosts near to 30% of these ecosystems. We established an ecohydrological monitoring site in a relatively pristine tropical dry forest (TDF) within “El Palmar” state reserve at the northwest of the YP, to study the seasonal dynamics of its carbon and water fluxes and to evaluate their main controls as they respond to climatic variability. Spatio‐temporal analyses using Bio‐meteorological data from an Eddy Covariance station (from January 2017 to August 2019) and remotely sensed data (from 2001 to 2019), reveal the inter and intra‐annual dynamics of carbon and water fluxes between this ecosystem and the atmosphere. The TDF's greenness, net exchange of carbon, gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, and evapotranspiration are strongly controlled by the seasonality in precipitation pulses and their legacy from recharged moisture in the shallow aquifer observed through three marked seasons: dry, rainy, and post‐rainy. The study site continuously behaves like a carbon sink with annual rates ranging between −1.09 and −7.06 , whose performance responds to a precipitation threshold above which its productivity declines. Differences in the ecosystem productivity among years result from a combination of water and energy availability during the growing season and variable access to groundwater during the post‐rainy and dry seasons. This highlights the ecosystem sensitivity to rainfall modulation of energy and water availability throughout the year and its impact on the ecosystem's functioning and resilience.
Strengthening Southern Hemisphere Westerlies and Amundsen Sea Low Deepening Over the 20th Century Revealed by Proxy‐Data Assimilation
Authors: O’Connor Gemma K. , Steig Eric J. , Hakim Gregory J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWinds and pressure over the Southern Ocean are critical to many aspects of the climate system, but the brevity of climate data in this region makes it challenging to interpret recent changes. Here, we reconstruct 20th century sea level pressure and zonal surface wind anomalies over the Southern Ocean, using data assimilation with a global paleoclimate proxy database and four climate‐model priors. The reconstructions agree well with instrumental reanalysis products, especially in the circumpolar westerly and Pacific regions. We observe significant strengthening in the midlatitude Pacific westerlies, associated with a deepening Amundsen Sea Low, throughout the 20th century in all four reconstructions. When the prior includes anthropogenic forcing, we observe poleward‐shifting circumpolar westerlies throughout the 20th century. Our results highlight the combined roles of natural variability and anthropogenic forcing, and the zonally asymmetric character of atmospheric circulation changes at high southern latitudes, with implications for Antarctic ice sheet change.
Light People: Professor Dayong Jin
Authors: Zhang Ying 
Published: November 2021

EditorialHe pioneered a new family of nanoscopic probes that can up-convert infrared photons into intense visible light, and won the Australian Museum Eureka Prize for Interdisciplinary Scientific Research in 2015. He created new kinds of microscopes that allow us to watch molecules at work inside living cells, and won the Australian Prime Minister’s Prize for Science Malcolm McIntosh Prize for Physical Scientist of the Year 2017. The Australian newspaper identified him among 100 “rock stars of Australia’s new economy” as the Knowledge Nation 100. This year, at his age of 42, he won the Australian Laureate Fellowship and was elected to the fellowship of Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering. This is Dayong Jin, a Distinguished Professor at the University of Technology Sydney and a Chair Professor at Southern University of Science and Technology, as well as the editorial manager in Sydney office and the perspective column editor of Light: Science & Applications (LSA). Light People is a featured column of high-end interviews with outstanding scientists. On this issue, it is our great honor to invite Professor Dayong Jin to provide his perspectives on his work, end-user driven research, student mentoring and team building philosophy. In the following, let’s take a closer look at the research life of Professor Dayong Jin, and appreciate his style and the story behind his success.