bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Effects of Mouthwash Containing Chlorhexidine and Chlorine Dioxide on Salivary Bacteria-A Randomized Control Study
Authors: Vedula Chiranjeevi , Sunkireddy Harikrishna Reddy , Bathula Hanusha , Chinta Chandrika , Akula Manasa , Paleti Gayathri 
Published: October 2021

Aims: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Chlorhexidine (CHX) and Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) mouthwashes in reducing the microbial load in saliva.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Afzalgunj, Hyderabad, between January and March 2020.
Methods and Materials: 60 Patients with gingivitis were included in the study. Ultrasonic scaling was done and saliva samples of the participants were collected and transferred onto blood agar plates. These plates were sent for the microbial count. Later they were given the mouthwash (Chlorhexidine or Chlorine dioxide or Distilled water by random selection) which they used for four weeks. Each group of participants was instructed to rinse

10 ml of 0.2% CHX for one minute twice per day. (Group A)
10 ml of ClO2 (Freshclor) for one minute twice per day. (Group B)
10 ml of Distilled water for one minute twice per day. (Group C)

After four weeks of usage of prescribed mouthwashes, the participants were recalled and salivary samples were again collected and sent for the microbial count.
Results: The intergroup comparison of CFU between the groups after four weeks showed significant reduction of CFU Groups A and B when compared to Group C. When compared to Group A (CHX), Group B (ClO2) witnessed statistically significant reduction of CFU in with a mean difference of 0.26±0.09 (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that ClO2 mouth rinse was effective in reducing microbial load after four weeks of usage than CHX.
The Main Factors Influencing Adherence to drug Therapy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Vodolagin Mikhail V. , Polukhin Nikita V. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a disease that requires the patient to strictly adhere to the prescribed treatment throughout his life to prevent the development of various complications of diabetes. The need for repeated daily medication intake, learning knowledge about diabetes, gaining skills of self-monitoring of health indicators (glucose, blood pressure, level of physical activity), visits to healthcare facilities for preventive examinations and treatment is a heavy burden on the patient, reducing the quality of life and motivation to comply with the prescriptions of the attending physician.
Objectives: To analyze the level of adherence to drug therapy and its factors in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Methods: The survey was carried out over the Internet from November 2020 to February 2021. 434 respondents with diabetes mellitus, aged from 18 to 80, were included into study. Among them there were 221 women (50,92%) and 213 men (49,08%). The proportion of respondents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was 23,96% (n = 104, 95% CI 20,17%–28,22%), with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) – 76,04% (n = 330, 95% CI 71,78%–79,83%). The survey questionnaire consisted of 2 parts. The first part contained 54 questions related to demographic, socioeconomic, and health status of participants’ along with questions designed to identify respondents’ risk factors, diabetes course and complications, information technology usage in treatment and health management process. The second part of the survey contained 25 questions based on the “Russian universal questionnaire for quantifying adherence to treatment” (KOP-25). The Pearson chi-square test and Cramér's V test of the effect size were used to assess the collected nominal data.
Results: A low level of adherence to drug therapy prevailed among all respondents, 38,48% (n = 167). Statistically significant differences in the level of adherence to drug therapy were found among respondents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (p < 0,0001), ones visited the schools of diabetes (p <0,001), respondents with a high level of knowledge about diabetes (p <0,001), respondents who adhered to the prescribed medical regimen (p = 0,001), respondents who visit a doctor at least 1 time per year (p = 0,001), ones who used remote forms of interaction with the attending physician (p <0,001), respondents in younger age groups (p <0,001), respondents with a shorter duration of diabetes mellitus (p = 0,005).
Conclusion: The main direction for the quality of life improvement for patients with diabetes mellitus is to increase patients' awareness of possible ways to change their lifestyle while maintaining a high level of adherence to drug therapy using information and communication technologies and telemedicine.
New Formulation and Characterization of Topical Films of Tioconazole and Evaluation of Their Antifungal Therapy
Authors: Ansari Siddique Akber 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: New formulation of Scleroglucan (Sclg) films loaded with tioconazole, a medication typically applied for dermal treatments prepared. The feasibility of that treatment relies on the penetration of medications through the target layers of the skin in effective concentrations.
Methods: Dynamic and mechanical characterization and swelling studies of the novel delivery system were analysed. An aqueous solution of Sclg (Cp=1% w/v) and glycerol (2% w/v) was prepared and kept at room temperature under magnetic stirring for 72 hrs. Tioconazole previously solubilised in Labrasol, was added to the polymer/glycerol solution. 4 ml of solution was poured in a plastic plate. The films were dried at 40°C for 1 hr and then allowed to dry at room temperature (about 25°C) for a week. Translucent films were obtained.
The fungal strain used to test the film are CO23 sensitive to drugs, CO23 RFLC resistant to fluconazole, CO23 RFK resistant to micafungin, ATCC standard strain.
Results: The water uptake of the films significantly increased up to 24 hrs. The optical microscope films images show that the presence of the drug did not significantly influence the appearance of the samples. The in vitro studies demonstrated the perceptible fungal activity of the new formulation against Candida albicans infections.
Conclusion: The patches showed antimicrobial activity against all tested strains. An evident inhibition zone diameter, about 40 mm, for the strains sensitive to azoles (CO23 RFK and CO23) in comparison to strain resistant to fluconazole (CO23 RFLC) was observed. After 48 hours the inhibition zone diameters were reduced of about 6-7 mm in comparison to those observed after 24 hours of incubation.
Assessment of Prescription Pattern Prescribed to Patients Affected by Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross Sectional Health Survey Conducted in Different Hospitals of Bangladesh
Authors: Marzia Zannatul , Sarkar Shahin , Hossain Md. Emran , Jahan Sadia , Hussain Md. Arafat 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects the joints with variable degrees of severity depending on the patient. As it is a chronic disease and patients have to go through medication for a long period of time, choosing the proper drug is very crucial to avoid irrational use of drug. The present study was designed to evaluate the usual prescription pattern that are prescribed by the physicians, and unveiling the scenario of patient care treating for arthritis.
Materials and Methods: The current survey-based research study was conducted in seven divisional areas of Bangladesh. Data was collected for Five months periods from September 2020 to January 2021. This cross-sectional study was carried out at a variety of private and governmental hospitals. The study included 300 individuals who had been on antirheumatic medicines for at least six months. Patient demographic details, prescribed drugs, adverse drug reactions, and use of complementary and substitute medicine were used to analyze the pattern of drug use.
Results and Discussions: The results of the study found that most of the patients are from 40 to 60 years of age. The number of drug prescribed ranges from 3 to 8, with an average of 6.1 medicines per prescription. The most used Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were tofacitinib, glucocorticosteroids were prednisolone and NSAIDs were Aceclofenac group. None of these drugs were prescribed as generic names, rather proprietary names were used.
Conclusion: Most of the patients are treated with more than one drug to fight against arthritis. So the incidence of drug interaction should be observed carefully. Moreover, both the prescriber and patient should be aware of ensuring rationale use of drug.
Rapid Fabrication of 3D Chiral Microstructures by Single Exposure of Interfered Femtosecond Vortex Beams and Capillary‐Force‐Assisted Self‐Assembly
Authors: Pan Deng , Liu Shunli , Li Jiawen , Ni Jincheng , Xin Chen , Ji Shengyun , Lao Zhaoxin , Zhang Chenchu , Xu Bing , Li Rui , Fan Shengyin , Li Pengju , Hu Yanlei , Wu Dong , Chu Jiaru 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe rapid fabrication of 3D chiral microstructures is of great significance in the fields of optics and mechanics. Here, a hybrid strategy is presented that combines spatial‐light‐modulator‐assisted two‐photon polymerization (SATPP, top‐down) and capillary‐force‐assisted self‐assembly (bottom‐up) for efficiently yielding chiral microstructures. Based on SATPP, the pre‐subunit can be efficiently fabricated via 3D chiral discrete vortex beam (CDVB), which is generated by interfering multiple parallel vortex beams. Then, the 3D chiral microstructures are assembled by subunits with the aid of meniscus‐directed capillary force. This strategy can fabricate stable 3D chiral microstructures and improve the manufacturing efficiency by more than 100 times. Furthermore, the height, diameter, rotation angle, and handedness of chiral microstructure can be flexibly regulated. Because the obvious chiral feature of the manufactured assembly, it can exhibit strong vortical dichroism when excited by the light carrying orbital angular momentums. Also, it can be used to prepare functional microrobots base on the chiral body rotation. This hybrid strategy can rapidly manufacture 3D chiral microstructures, which can be utilized as multifunctional scalable platform with promising prospect in micro/nano robotics, optical sensors, and advanced functional devices.
High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells from Non‐Halogenated Solvents
Authors: Wang Di , Zhou Guanqing , Li Yuhao , Yan Kangrong , Zhan Lingling , Zhu Haiming , Lu Xinhui , Chen Hongzheng , Li Chang‐Zhi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigh‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs) at the current stage are majorly accomplished from the processing of halogenated solvents, such as chloroform, which will be constrained for upscale fabrication due to the adverse health and environmental impacts. Therefore, exploring the high‐performance OSCs from non‐halogenated solvent processing becomes highly necessary, yet largely lagged behind. Herein, it is demonstrated high‐performance OSCs can be obtained from the hot spin processing of different non‐halogenated solvents, and achieve the highest reported efficiency of OSCs from non‐halogenated solvent processing so far. It is revealed that the phase evolution of ternary blends during solution‐to‐solid transition has a correlation to the substrate temperature. With the elevated substrate temperature of hot spin coating, the optimal blend films can be secured in different kinds of non‐halogenated solvents. As result, high‐performance OSCs are obtained with excellent power conversion efficiencies of 18.25% in o‐xylene, 18.20% in p‐xylene, and 18.12% in toluene, respectively. To the author's best knowledge, these results represent the best‐performed OSCs made from non‐halogenated solvents so far.
Piezo‐Photocatalysis over Metal–Organic Frameworks: Promoting Photocatalytic Activity by Piezoelectric Effect
Authors: Zhang Chenxi , Lei Da , Xie Chenfan , Hang Xiaoshuai , He Chuanxin , Jiang Hai‐Long 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe built‐in electric field can be generated in the piezoelectric materials under mechanical stress. The resulting piezoelectric effect is beneficial to charge separation in photocatalysis. Meanwhile, the mechanical stress usually gives rise to accelerated mass transfer and enhanced catalytic activity. Unfortunately, it remains a challenge to differentiate the contribution of these two factors to catalytic performance. Herein, for the first time, isostructural metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), i.e., UiO‐66‐NH2(Zr) and UiO‐66‐NH2(Hf), are adopted for piezo‐photocatalysis. Both MOFs, featuring the same structures except for diverse Zr/Hf‐oxo clusters, possess distinctly different piezoelectric properties. Strikingly, UiO‐66‐NH2(Hf) exhibits ≈2.2 times of activity compared with that of UiO‐66‐NH2(Zr) under simultaneous light and ultrasonic irradiation, though both MOFs display similar activity in the photocatalytic H2 production without ultrasonic irradiation. Given their similar pore features and mass transfer behaviors, the activity difference is unambiguously assignable to the piezoelectric effect. As a result, the contributions of the piezoelectric effect to the piezo‐photocatalysis can be clearly distinguished owing to the stronger piezoelectric property of UiO‐66‐NH2(Hf).
Designing Artificial Vibration Modes of Piezoelectric Devices Using Programmable, 3D Ordered Structure with Piezoceramic Strain Units
Authors: Li Zhanmiao , Yi Xingyu , Yang Jikun , Bian Lang , Yu Zhonghui , Dong Shuxiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPiezoelectric ceramic devices, which utilize multifarious vibration modes to realize electromechanical coupling and energy conversions, are extensively used in high‐technological fields. However, the excitation of basic modes is mainly subjected to natural eigenfrequency of ceramic devices, which is related to the structure and material parameters. Herein, inspired by metamaterial theory, a programmable, 3D ordered structure with piezoceramic strain units (3D OSPSU) is developed to artificially generate basic modes in a broad frequency band other than only in narrow eigenfrequency. A (2 × 2 × 2) arrayed, co‐fired, multilayer 3D OSPSU is painstakingly designed and fabricated for generating basic modes, such as flexural, extension, shear, torsion, and even coupled modes at nonresonance. To validate the 3D OSPSU method, a five‐degree‐of‐freedom micro–nano actuating platform based on only one co‐fired multilayer ceramic is constructed. The proposed methodology provides a new paradigm for creating extraordinary material properties of piezoelectric ceramics and will inspire brand‐new piezoelectric device designs.
Ratiometric FRET Encoded Hierarchical ZrMOF @ Au Cluster for Ultrasensitive Quantifying MicroRNA In Vivo
Authors: Liang Zichen , Hao Changlong , Chen Chen , Ma Wei , Sun Maozhong , Xu Liguang , Xu Chuanlai , Kuang Hua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHere, Zirconium metal−organic frameworks @ gold (ZrMOF @ Au) cluster architectures have been fabricated and then functionalized with two fluorescent dyes (Quasar [QS] and Cyanine5.5 [Cy5.5]) through deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization, to form a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) encoded ZrMOF  @  Au‐QS/Cy5.5 complex. In the presence of the target intracellular microRNA (miR)‐21, the fluorescence of Cy5.5 at 705 nm (F705) decreases and the fluorescence of QS at 665 nm (F665) increases when Cy5.5 is released from the surface of ZrMOF  @  Au‐QS/Cy5.5. The change in the fluorescence ratio (F705/F665) shows an outstanding linear range of 0.006–67.9 amol/ngRNA, and the limit of detection is 4.51 zmol/ngRNA in living cells. The high ratio loading of nucleic acid on surface of ZrMOF @ Au cluster and two fluorescence encoded signal enables better sensitivity and reliability. Zeptomolar sensitivity and good linearity against target affords distinct imaging‐based monitoring of the cancer marker miR‐21 both in living cells and in vivo. At the same time, the architecture displays remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency (53.7%) and gives rise to outstanding therapy ability in vivo. This strategy offers new avenues for the intelligent quantification of miRNAs for simultaneous diagnoses and treatments of early‐stage cancers.
On‐Site Production of Dilute H2O2with Zinc–Air Battery
Authors: Wu Weiguo , Huang Lin , Li Yiming , Li Mengli , Chen Yang , Yang Yi , Chen Xiaodie , Wu Yuanyuan , Gu Li , Cao Xuebo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is extensively applied in environmental remediation, disinfection, bleaching, and so on. Two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction for synthesizing H2O2is the most promising alternative to the traditional energy‐intensive anthraquinone process. Existing strategies for electrocatalytic synthesis of H2O2generally proceed well in alkaline electrolytes. But environmental application demands the reaction to take place in a broad pH range, especially in acidic medium. Here a zinc‐air battery technology is developed for on‐site production of H2O2in alkaline, neutral, and acidic conditions. A key component of the battery is the tubular cathode fabricated by partially oxidized carbon nanotubes self‐assembled on the substrate of nickel foam. The battery exhibits an unusual 2e−discharge property and achieves an appreciable H2O2accumulation (215.1 µmol, 497 ppm, 162.5 mg L−1h−1) in acidic solution within 3 h, which is among the highest value ever been reported through electrosynthesis. Excitingly, the battery coupled with UV light demonstrates a promising application in water purification, which enables rapid degradation of model pollutants and actual pollutants ranging from municipal sewage to dye and pesticide wastewaters. Furthermore, this water treatment technology can be self‐powered, as the battery in the system generates the power that is available to drive UV lights.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐Methyl Ketones from Allylic Alcohols and Methanol
Authors: Biswal Priyabrata , Samser Shaikh , Meher Sushanta Kumar , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Venkatasubbaiah Krishnan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOne‐pot synthesis of α‐methyl ketones starting from 1,3‐diaryl propenols or 1‐aryl propenols and methanol as a C1 source is demonstrated. This one‐pot isomerization‐methylation is catalyzed by commercially available Pd(OAc)2 with H2O as the only by‐product. Mechanistic studies and deuterium labelling experiments indicate the involvement of isomerization of allyl alcohol followed by methylation through a hydrogen‐borrowing pathway in these isomerization‐methylation reactions.magnified image
A Dynamical Compact Model of Diffusive and Drift Memristors for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Zhuo Ye , Midya Rivu , Song Wenhao , Wang Zhongrui , Asapu Shiva , Rao Mingyi , Lin Peng , Jiang Hao , Xia Qiangfei , Williams R. Stanley , Yang J. Joshua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDifferent from nonvolatile memory applications, neuromorphic computing applications utilize not only the static conductance states but also the switching dynamics for computing, which calls for compact dynamical models of memristive devices. In this work, a generalized model to simulate diffusive and drift memristors with the same set of equations is presented, which have been used to reproduce experimental results faithfully. The diffusive memristor is chosen as the basis for the generalized model because it possesses complex dynamical properties that are difficult to model efficiently. A data set from statistical measurements on SiO2:Ag diffusive memristors is collected to verify the validity of the general model. As an application example, spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity is demonstrated with an artificial synapse consisting of a diffusive memristor and a drift memristor, both modeled with this comprehensive compact model.
Are Cenozoic relict species also climatic relicts? Insights from the macroecological evolution of the giant sedges ofCarexsect.Rhynchocystis(Cyperaceae)
Authors: Sanz‐Arnal María , Benítez‐Benítez Carmen , Miguez Monica , Jiménez‐Mejías Pedro , Martín‐Bravo Santiago 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremiseMost of the Paleotropical flora widely distributed in the Western Palearctic became extinct during the Mio‐Pliocene as a result of global geoclimatic changes. A few elements from this Cenozoic flora are believed to remain as relicts in Macaronesia, forming part of the laurel forests. Although the origins of the present species assembly are known to be heterogeneous, it is unclear whether some species should be considered climatic relicts with conserved niches. An ideal group for studying such relict characteristics is a Miocene lineage ofCarexsect.Rhynchocystis(Cyperaceae), which comprises four species distributed in mainland Palearctic and Macaronesia.MethodsWe reconstructed the current and past environmental spaces for extant mainland and Macaronesian species, as well as for Pliocene fossils. We also studied the bioclimatic niche evolution. Species distribution modeling and ensemble small modeling were performed to assess the potential distribution over time.ResultsClimatic niche analyses and distribution modeling revealed that the ecological requirements of Macaronesian species did not overlap with those of either mainland species or with the Pliocene fossils. Conversely, the niches of mainland species displayed significant similarity and equivalence.ConclusionsMacaronesian species are not climatic relicts from the Paleotropical flora, but instead seem to have changed the ecological niche of their ancestors. By contrast, despite their ancient divergence (Late Miocene), mainlandC. pendulaandC. agastachysshow conserved niches, with competitive exclusion likely shaping their mostly allopatric ranges.
Polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption and weight gain during pregnancy: NISAMI Cohort study
Authors: Santana Jerusa da Mota , Pereira Marcos , Carvalho Gisele Queiroz , dos Santos Djanilson Barbosa , de Oliveira Ana Marlucia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesFew studies have investigated the influence of polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption on excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Thus, we analyzed the association between the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω‐6 and ω‐3) and weight gain in women during pregnancy.MethodsThis is a cohort study of 250 pregnant women enrolled in municipal pre‐natal services. Weight, height, and dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids were evaluated at the baseline. The semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire was employed to assess the main exposure. Gestational weight was measured in the first, second, and third trimesters. A dietary pattern involving the consumption of fatty acids was identified through factor analysis. A generalized estimating equation was used for the data analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of excessive weight gain at the end of pregnancy was 35.2%. Consumption patterns 1 (salted meats, offal, vegetable oil, snacks, legumes, and oleaginous foods) and 2 (red meat, sausages, butter, margarine, mayonnaise, acarajé, caruru, vatapá, and refined cereals) revealed a risk for the accumulation of excess weight during pregnancy. Women who adhered to consumption patterns 1 (RR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.44–3.94) and 2 (RR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.44–3.94) were more susceptible to excess weight gain during pregnancy.ConclusionsWomen who adhered to dietary patterns involving foods that are sources of ω‐6 fatty acids and saturated fatty acids were more susceptible to gaining weight during pregnancy compared to those who adhered less to these patterns.