bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protected designation of origin as driver of change in goat production systems: Beyond added value
Authors: Bermejo Luis Alberto , Façanha Débora Andrea Evangelista , Guerra Nieves Beneda , Viera Juan José 
Published: July 2021

Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) is one of the EU tools for rural development. Most of the literature on this subject is focused on premium prices and consumers’ willingness to pay for local products, since PDO and other labels aim to provide premium incomes for farmers. Our assumption is that PDO drives unexpected changes of farming styles not only related to processing or market strategies but also related to local resources using and to stablishing of different approach to agriculture and food production. We analyzed the PDO Queso Palmero (La Palma cheese) as a case of a dual label system (brand–certification common label) because it gives us the opportunity to compare farmers involved in a PDO scheme with farmers who works outside such systems. We conclude that private brands are more important than common label certification in price formation, but both are complementary, since PDO reinforces farmers’ efforts to improve quality. Beyond premium price, PDO also drives a radical change in farm structures, since it reconnects products to local resources (grazing vs intensification) and redesigns relationships with markets (shortening and diversifying chains and widening product offer). This change is characterized by implementation of new farming strategies in the context of PDO structure that coexist with classical farming strategies closer to intensification, not only in terms of productivity but also in terms of decoupling from local resources and productive and market specialization. Therefore, PDO is a powerful tool for rural development in a wide sense (resilience, empowerment, local capacity and network formation among others) far beyond its narrow remit of promoting economic growth (local or regional). Therefore, the coupling with local resources and the strength of local network and relationships as source of resilience, knowledge and capabilities improvement, have to be included in performance assessment of GIs in order to broaden the appraisal of role in regional development.
Highlights

PDO as institution is a powerful tool of farm transformation not only a protection structure of collective heritage or asset.
Private brand effect on price is larger than common label effect (PDO label).
PDO as institution leads radical changes of goat production systems from more production – oriented toward more market – oriented styles.
Market chains and product diversification, focusing on quality, concern about consumers and coupling with local resources are distinctive features of farms involved in PDO.
Ruminal ammonia concentration and fermentation kinetics of commercial herbal feed additives with amino acids
Authors: Lorenzana Moreno Angélica Valeria , De la Torre Hernández María Eugenia , Lizarazo Chaparro Augusto César , Xicoténcatl Plata Pérez Fernando , Miranda Romero Luis Alberto , Martínez García José Antonio , Mendoza Martínez Germán David 
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of rumen fermentation while estimating it’s in vitro protein degradation (from ruminal ammonia concentration) and kinetics regarding two herbal feed plant additives. The tested herbal mixtures were elaborated with Phaseolus mango and Linum usitatissimum, providing lysine (Lys) and Trigonella foenum-graecum and Allium sativa, providing Methionine (Met). They were compared to alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and solvent extracted soybean meal (Glicine max), as standard sources of protein using the in vitro gas production technique modified to estimate N-NH3, recording fermentation kinetics and dry matter digestibility (72 h), in a completely randomized design followed by Tukey test. Ruminal ammonia concentration in the herbal mixtures was lower (P<0.05) than in the standard protein sources, indicating that protein from herbal mixtures could resist ruminal degradation. Herbal additives with Lys or Met showed minimum N-NH3 concentration in the first 4 h of incubation. At 8 h, the concentration was 0.27 and 0.54 mg dL-1 for the herbal products with Lys and Met, significantly lower than solvent extracted soybean meal and alfalfa (1.15 and 2.24 mg dL-1 respectively, P<0.05).
Highlights

The tested herbal mixture elaborated with Phaseolus mango and Linum usitatissimum, provide bypass Lysine.
The tested herbal mixture elaborated with Trigonella foenum-graecum and Allium sativa, provide bypass Methionine.
Ruminal ammonia concentration in the herbal mixtures was lower than in the standard protein sources.
Protein from herbal mixtures could resist ruminal degradation.
Synthesis and application of reducing graphene oxide based nanocomposite materials to improve the solar thermal absorption efficiency for distilling saline water into fresh water
Authors: Bui Thuy 
Published: July 2021

This work presents the preparation and characterization of some nanocomposite materials based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (Al2O3/rGO, Fe3O4/rGO, Fe3O4–Al2O3/rGO). Thermal sorption ability of prepared nanocomposite materials in salty water were measured. Results showed that all investigated materials that were dispersed in salty water raised the thermal absorption ability of solutions. Fe3O4-Al2O3/rGO gived the highest thermal absorption efficiency (the temperature difference between the blank sample and the sample containing Fe3O4-Al2O3/rGO with content of 0.5 mg/mL is 8°C). The thermal sorption increased with increasing the concentration of materials in solution and the suitable concentration of 5 mg/mL was found. The addition of Fe3O4 increased the thermal sorption and created magnetic property of material. Fe3O4-Al2O3/rGO was recovered by magnet with high yield up to 98%; Olny a minor decrease in thermal sorption ability of recovered material was abserved. The distillation rate of salty water dispersed Fe3O4-Al2O3/rGO using solar energy was four times higher than without dispersing it. The results showed that these nanocomposite materials can be used to increase the efficiency of thermal absorption in the process of distilling salty water into fresh water.
Research and development of scintillation detectors for the study of cosmic ray
Authors: Biswas Saikat 
Published: July 2021

At Bose Institute Prof. Debendra Mohan Bose and his co-workers made globally recognised contributions in the field of cosmic rays including the first recording of mu-meson tracks. Prof. D. M. Bose and Dr. Biva Choudhury did their cosmic ray experiments at the Darjeeling campus of Bose Institute (along with Sandakphu and Pharijong). Presently the Darjeeling campus hosts a National facility for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science. In Kolkata also there is a Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS). In these two campuses, we are still working on the R\&D of plastic scintillation detectors for the study of the cosmic rays to preserve the legacy of Prof. D. M. Bose.
The only cosmic ray air shower array in the eastern part of India, consisting of seven plastic scintillator detectors is commissioned at an altitude of about 2200~meters above sea level (a.s.l.) in the Eastern Himalayas (Darjeeling) at the end of January 2018. The cosmic ray air shower array has a hexagon shape with six detectors kept at the vertices ofthe hexagon and one at the center of it. The distance between two consecutive detectors is 8 meters. Each detectorelement is made up of four plastic scintillators of dimension 50~cm~$\times$~50~cm~$\times$~1~cm thereby forming a totalactive area of 1~m$^2$. These scintillators are fabricated indigenously in the Cosmic RayLaboratory (CRL), TIFR, Ooty, India. All four scintillators of a detector are coupled with a singlePhoto Multiplier Tube (PMT) using wavelength shifting (WLS) fibers. A custom-built module withseven inputs is used to generate a multi-fold trigger. Measurement of the number of cosmic ray airshower is going on since the end of January 2018. The secondary cosmic ray flux and its variation overtime are also recorded at the laboratory in Darjeeling using a three-fold coincidence technique withplastic scintillators. All the details of the experimental setup, techniques of measurement are reported earlier. The updates in the results are presented in this article.
In this review article, the details of the R\&D program of plastic scintillation detectors carried out during the last five years, for the study of cosmic ray is reported.
Atypical, high-diversity assemblages of foraminifera in a mangrove estuary in northern Brazil
Authors: Sariaslan Nisan , Langer Martin R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Mangrove forests are extremely productive ecosystems, are
sources and sinks of organic carbon, and provide essential services both to
the marine environment and people. We have studied the composition and
species richness of modern benthic foraminiferal assemblages from mangrove
swamps along the Mamanguape River in Paraíba, northern Brazil. Sampling
points for foraminifera were selected to acquire information on the
composition of foraminiferal assemblages from dense mangrove stands
collected along a river transect. Almost 100 species of benthic foraminifera
were identified within the shallow mangrove habitats. The large number of
identified mangrove taxa is the highest recorded so far for true mangrove
habitats. The high species richness rivals shallow-water assemblages
recorded from nearby offshore and reef environments and indicates that a
particularly large number of species is capable of growing and flourishing under
multiple stressor conditions. Numerical analysis of the faunal
assemblages shows that specific taxa, which were previously known to be
uncommon in mangrove environments, are abundant in the Mamanguape River
estuary. The atypical foraminiferal fauna found in the Mamanguape River
estuary resembles shallow-water offshore assemblages, is characterized by
high percent abundances of perforate and miliolid taxa, and contains only
very few of the otherwise typical and numerically abundant agglutinated
mangrove taxa. The unusual structure of the assemblages recorded provides
insight into what combination of environmental variables controls their
composition and novel perspectives to reconstruct past mangrove
environments. Distribution, diversity, and species-specific analysis will
provide guidance on the use of Brazilian mangrove foraminifera as indicators
for the strength of tidal activity, pollution, and anoxia in coastal waters
and sea-level reconstructions.
Travelling in the traces of…: The travelogue and its pre-texts
Authors: Pfister Manfred 
Published: July 2021

Travelling is always a travelling in traces – looking for traces of past cultures or following the traces of previous travellers. These traces can be material or textual, visual, performative or mnemonic. In some of the best of 20th travel writing, such quests for traces do, however, take an inward and self-reflective turn in which travel writing becomes a form of self-writing and self-staging. In my essay, I will survey this development from the eighteenth century to the present, beginning with Grand Tour accounts of journeys to Italy to then focus on modernist and postmodernist travel writing. This will take us not only to Etruscan Places with DH Lawrence or Patagonia with Bruce Chatwin, to Asia Minor on Alexander’s Path with Freya Stark or to the Caribbean with Amryl Johnson but back into these writer’s lives, their deepest memories and desires. What should emerge in my readings is how writing the ‘Other’ can become a way of writing the Self
The travel selfie: Exploring the writer’s vision in contemporary travel writing
Authors: Jatschka Stefan 
Published: July 2021

In 2013, the Oxford Dictionary declared ‘selfie’ the word of the year, defining this phenomenon as ’a photograph that one has taken of oneself, typically one taken with a smartphone or webcam and shared via social media’ (BBC News, 2013). Instagram and personal travel blogs seem to be some of the most popular platforms enabling travel writers to express themselves through selfies, aka travel selfies. Many studies revolving around the culture of travel selfies have been conducted to better understand tourist behaviour, tourist marketing and consumer habits. However, there is a lack of interdisciplinary research surrounding this complex socio-cultural phenomenon. Travel selfies, although popular, often spark controversy and in some places, travel selfies are prohibited for safety reasons or to show respect at memorial sites. Selfies are often considered narcissistic and therefore, sometimes frowned upon by society. In this paper, I explore the larger socio-cultural complexities of travel selfies and explore what a travel selfie may contribute to a writer’s travel account by investigating how the rise of the travel selfie has shaped the travel writer’s personal vision that usually evolves throughout the writing process.
Travel writing: Always has always will be
Authors: Lineen Jono 
Published: July 2021

Travel writing has changed over the past fifty years to reflect the fact, as Jan Morris has said, that ‘nearly everyone has been nearly everywhere’ (Morris 2009). In the 21st century, travel writing has become a medium for authors to investigate their own lives as much as to explore exotic destinations. Examples of this ’recording (of) the experience rather than the event’ (Morris 2009) in travel writing include: John Krakauer’s Into the Wild (1996) and Into Thin Air (1997), Pico Iyer’s Global Soul (2001), Robert MacFarlane’s _The Old Ways_ (2012), Cheryl Strayed’s Wild (2013) and Raynor Winn’s The Salt Path (2018). The switch to a more character-focused, experiential-based style of travel writing reflects the genre’s roots in one of the world’s oldest story structures, namely the journey narrative. It is through this connection that we can identify some of the universal structures behind successful contemporary travel writing; the ability to look objectively at life by placing oneself in a liminal space (Turner 1964, Mahdi 1987), and the fact that travel and narrative is in all of us through our ancestral memories of Homo sapiens’ seventy-millennia long history of migration around the globe (Harari 2011, Mithen 2005, Tattersall 2008).
Understory: writing and building
Authors: Carter Paul 
Published: July 2021

Exploiting the traditional association of rhetoric and architecture, this chapter argues that a different kind of writing (the silva) might express a different kind of dwelling place. A literary term for miscellany, silva also means wood, and the concrete context of the essay is the colonial fate of the Irish whose territorial and cultural subjugation was linked to the destruction of the woods said to define their cultural identity. A recent residency in Galway weighed these mythopoetic identifications against overwhelming evidence of environmental alienation, and asked what discourse or under story, could begin the process of ‘psychic reforestation.’ A first step might involve re-reading key episodes in the emergence of Irish national consciousness: the ambiguous heritage of Lady Gregory, Coole House and W.B. Yeats is discussed. The essay also revisits a past ‘sculpture in woodland’ program and documents a contemporary social artwork made by C.J. Conway. Community interest generated by her act of tree repair created a place where psychic homelessness, the colonial legacy of dispossession, could be addressed therapeutically.
Decadent by design: interplays between architecture and decadent literature
Authors: Smithey Lori 
Published: July 2021

This paper examines the architectural dimensions of fin-de-siècle decadent literature through the lens of architectural theory in order to expand our understanding of the operations of the genre and its relationship to a larger tradition of decadence. It begins with a cursory overview of theories linking literature, design, and decadence in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; it analyzes literary works by Gustave Flaubert, Émile Zola, and Joris-Karl Huysmans; and it concludes with a closer look at the correlations between decadent themes and architectural space in texts by Edmond de Goncourt. Ultimately this paper argues that the built environment is as involved in the staging of decadent design as much as it is a register of design born of decadence.
Green Synthesis of Dyes and Appliance on Silk by Using Metamordating Technique
Authors: Shamsheer Bushra , Mughal Tahira Aziz , Yousaf Zubaida , Riaz Nadia , Aftab Arusa , Zahoor Maria 
Published: July 2021

The main idea of extracting dyes from plant (natural) sources is to avoid the environmental pollution. Natural dye from plants has been given much interest in recent years due to the threat and harmful effects are used by synthetic dyes and environmental awareness created by researchers. The drawback of synthetic dyes is that they are not durable as they do not completely fix on all kind of fabric and remaining dyestuff drained into rivers, becoming the cause of water pollution as well as they cause diseases in human being like cancer and allergies. On the other hand, natural dyes are eco-friendly and find use in the colouring of textiles, drugs and cosmetics etc. Owing to their non-toxic effects, they are also even used for colouring various food products. Mordents are used in natural dyes which enhance the colour of dye and stick it on fabric. Due to lack of availability of precise technical knowledge on the extracting and dyeing technique, it has not commercially succeeded like the synthetic dyes. Hence, the present study was planned to isolate eco-friendly dyes from the bark of the plants (Ziziphus jujube Mill., Albizialebbeck L., Cordia dichotoma G Forst., Ficus benghalensis L. and Cassia fistula L.) and the roots of Ficus benghalensis L. Later on the dyes were applied on silk fabric by using metamordating technique. Then fastness properties like rubbing, heating, washing and sunlight were evaluated by using gray scale. F. benghalensis showed excellent fastness properties. Z. jujube showed series of colour variations on silk. Therefore, the bark and root of these plants can be successfully used for dyeing of silk. Natural dyes worldwide should be increased to prevent us from pollution and other harmful effects.
Autoritetens anatomi
Authors: Kleiven Tormod 
Published: July 2021

The anatomy of authority: How legitimate and legitimized power is exercised in collegial and church committee meetings in church context
This article is titled ‘the anatomy of authority’ and poses the following question: What are the characteristics when legitimated authority (meaning authority given from above) and legitimized power (meaning authority given from below) is exercised in collegial and church committee meetings in local congregations in the Norwegian Lutheran Church.
The empirical material is a case study from two congregations. Theory about authority as a term and a phenomenon and about the relation between leadership and authority is the basis for an analytical discussion of the case study. The analysis highlights issues such as the relationship between authority and roles of leadership, competence, charisma and vulnerability as an authoritative expression.
I claim that every participant has the possibility to exercise endorsed authority depending on a position of earned trust in the context. Formal leaders represent the legitimated authority. Nevertheless, this source of authority still appears insufficient because earned trust also for these leaders is the key to exercising authority. Findings emphasized in the conclusion are:
– Authority in this context is primarily based on legitimized authority through earned trust. This kind of charismatic authority is rooted in the ability to create a confidencebuilding dialogue
– Authority based on legal premises has to be legitimized by including all participants in the processual work of clarification and decision-making.
– Competence is valued, but it has to be linked with the ability to reflect the limitations of this competence in the specific context by approving the relevance of others’ competence.
– Exposing one’s own vulnerability in an honest way may increase rather than decrease authority. However, it may also be used as a manipulative tool to mask or prevent disagreements and tensions in relationships.
Teologi for endring?
Authors: Råmunddal Lars , Salvesen Reidar 
Published: July 2021

A Theology for Change? Change in Churches in a Holistic Ecclesiological Perspective
The question we have been seeking to answer in this article is why it is so important to have -not just an organizational justification for change in congregations, but also a theological one – or more precisely an ecclesiological one. We argue for what we have named a holistic ecclesiological understanding of change where we specifically discuss the relationship between the normative and non-normative factors’ impact on church development and change. Our focus is not on the level of church denominations, but on the local congregational level. Change in churches must always be adapted to the specific ecclesiastical and local context in which it is performed, but at the same time there will always be some fundamental and more principled questions of ecclesiological nature that one should think through – no matter how the ecclesiastical and local context looks like. The focus of the article is therefore how a holistic ecclesiological perspective influences both how one thinks about change and the implementation in congregations.
Pentekostal spiritualitet, økoteologi og miljøengasjement
Authors: Tangen Karl Inge 
Published: July 2021

Pentecostal spirituality, eco-theology and environmental engagement: A contrition to the development of a Pentecostal spirituality that integrates eco-theology and environmental ethics.
This article identifies resources and problems in the Pentecostal-Charismatic tradition concerning environmental action and engagement. The purpose is to motivate Pentecostal and Charismatic churches to reflect on how they should respond as the world faces the prospect of an ecological crisis. The study begins by identifying a core narrative in the Pentecostal-Charismatic tradition. This core narrative is used as a hermeneutical key to interpret eco-theological elements in the biblical story of creation, fall, redemption, and final consummation. The study also discusses common objections towards eco-theology among Pentecostal and Charismatic Christians. These objections include the fear of an alternative or eco-centric spirituality, the implications of different forms of eschatology, and how Pentecostal and charismatic Christians understand their being in the world with regard to both evangelism and politics. The article argues that Pentecostal and Charismatic churches have spiritual resources that may empower them to transcend an anthropocentric worldview and develop a visionary virtue-ethic that may guide and enable a sustainable lifestyle and constructive environmental engagement. The article concludes by identifying seven themes that may encourage constructive action-reflection and stimulate further research.