bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcomes of Very Elderly Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Receiving On‐label Doses of Apixaban: J‐ELD AF Registry Subanalysis
Authors: Okada Masato , Inoue Koichi , Tanaka Nobuaki , Sakata Yasushi , Akao Masaharu , Yamashita Takeshi , Suzuki Shinya , Okumura Ken ,   J‐ELD AF investigators
Published: July 2021

Background
Increasing age predisposes patients with atrial fibrillation to both thromboembolic and bleeding events; however, data on outcomes of very elderly patients (aged ≥85 years) receiving appropriate antithrombotic therapy are still limited.

Methods and Results

The J‐ELD AF (Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study to Investigate the Effectiveness and Safety of Apixaban in Japanese Elderly Atrial Fibrillation Patients) Registry is a multicenter prospective observational study of Japanese patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation aged ≥75 years taking on‐label doses (standard dose of 5 mg BID or reduced dose of 2.5 mg BID) of apixaban. The entire cohort (3031 patients from 110 institutions) was divided into 3 age groups: 75 to 79 years (n=1068, 35.2%), 80 to 84 years (n=1120, 37.0%), and ≥85 years (n=843, 27.8%). The event incidence rates (/100 person‐years) were 1.40, 1.55, and 1.95 for stroke or systemic embolism (log‐rank
P
=0.65); 1.70, 1.55, and 2.61 for bleeding requiring hospitalization (log‐rank
P
=0.33); 2.09, 2.60, and 5.29 for total deaths (log‐rank
P
<0.001); and 0.40, 1.06, and 1.55 for cardiovascular deaths (log‐rank
P
=0.045), respectively. After adjusting for confounders using a Cox regression analysis, age ≥85 years was identified as an independent risk of total death (hazard ratio, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.10–3.26 [
P
=0.022]), but not of stroke or systemic embolism, bleeding requiring hospitalization, or cardiovascular death.

Conclusions
Although mortality increased with age, age ≥85 years was not a significant risk of stroke or systemic embolism, bleeding requiring hospitalization, or cardiovascular death in Japanese patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation taking on‐label doses of apixaban.

Registration

URL:
https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr
; Unique identifier: UMIN000017895.
Effect of Heart Failure on Long‐Term Clinical Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients With Severe Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Yamamoto Ko , Matsumura‐Nakano Yukiko , Shiomi Hiroki , Natsuaki Masahiro , Morimoto Takeshi , Kadota Kazushige , Tada Tomohisa , Takeji Yasuaki , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Imada Kazuaki , Domei Takenori , Kaneda Kazuhisa , Taniguchi Ryoji , Ehara Natsuhiko , Nawada Ryuzo , Yamaji Kyohei , Kato Eri , Toyofuku Mamoru , Kanemitsu Naoki , Shinoda Eiji , Suwa Satoru , Iwakura Atsushi , Tamura Toshihiro , Soga Yoshiharu , Inada Tsukasa , Matsuda Mitsuo , Koyama Tadaaki , Aoyama Takeshi , Sato Yukihito , Furukawa Yutaka , Ando Kenji , Yamazaki Fumio , Komiya Tatsuhiko , Minatoya Kenji , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Kimura Takeshi ,   the CREDO‐Kyoto PCI/CABG Registry Cohort‐3 Investigators
Published: July 2021

Background
Heart failure might be an important determinant in choosing coronary revascularization modalities. There was no previous study evaluating the effect of heart failure on long‐term clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) relative to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods and Results

Among 14 867 consecutive patients undergoing first coronary revascularization with PCI or isolated CABG between January 2011 and December 2013 in the CREDO‐Kyoto PCI/CABG registry Cohort‐3, we identified the current study population of 3380 patients with three‐vessel or left main coronary artery disease, and compared clinical outcomes between PCI and CABG stratified by the subgroup based on the status of heart failure. There were 827 patients with heart failure (PCI: N=511, and CABG: N=316), and 2553 patients without heart failure (PCI: N=1619, and CABG: N=934). In patients with heart failure, the PCI group compared with the CABG group more often had advanced age, severe frailty, acute and severe heart failure, and elevated inflammatory markers. During a median 5.9 years of follow‐up, there was a significant interaction between heart failure and the mortality risk of PCI relative to CABG (interaction
P
=0.009), with excess mortality risk of PCI relative to CABG in patients with heart failure (HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.28–2.42;
P
<0.001) and no excess mortality risk in patients without heart failure (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.80–1.34;
P
=0.77).

Conclusions
There was a significant interaction between heart failure and the mortality risk of PCI relative to CABG with excess risk in patients with heart failure and neutral risk in patients without heart failure.
Stroke Hospitalizations Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic Among Medicare Beneficiaries in the United States
Authors: Yang Quanhe , Tong Xin , Coleman King Sallyann , Olivari Benjamin S. , Merritt Robert K. 
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose:
Emergency department visits and hospitalizations for stroke declined significantly following declaration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a national emergency on March 13, 2020, in the United States. This study examined trends in hospitalizations for stroke among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged ≥65 years and compared characteristics of stroke patients during COVID-19 pandemic to comparable weeks in the preceding year (2019).

Methods:
For trend analysis, we examined stroke hospitalizations from week 1 in 2019 through week 44 in 2020. For comparison of patient characteristics, we estimated percent reduction in weekly stroke hospitalizations from 2019 to 2020 during weeks 10 through 23 and during weeks 24 through 44 by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and state.

Results:
Compared to weekly numbers of hospitalizations for stroke reported during 2019, stroke hospitalizations in 2020 decreased sharply during weeks 10 through 15 (March 1–April 11), began increasing during weeks 16 through 23, and remained at a level lower than the same weeks in 2019 from weeks 24 through 44 (June 7–October 31). During weeks 10 through 23, stroke hospitalizations decreased by 22.3% (95% CI, 21.4%–23.1%) in 2020 compared with same period in 2019; during weeks 24 through 44, they decreased by 12.1% (95% CI, 11.2%–12.9%). The magnitude of reduction increased with age but similar between men and women and among different race/ethnicity groups. Reductions in stroke hospitalizations between weeks 10 through 23 varied by state ranging from 0.0% (95% CI, −16.0%–1.7%) in New Hampshire to 36.2% (95% CI, 24.8%–46.7%) in Montana.

Conclusions:
One-in-5 fewer stroke hospitalizations among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries occurred during initial weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1–June 6) and weekly stroke hospitalizations remained at a lower than expected level from June 7 to October 31 in 2020 compared with 2019. Changes in stroke hospitalizations varied substantially by state.
Electronic_Khipu_: Thinking in Experimental Sound from an Ancestral Andean Interface
Authors: Hinojosa Laddy Patricia Cadavid 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A khipu is an artifact used in the ancient Inca Empire and previous Andean societies to process and transmit statistical and narrative information. It is known as one of the first textile computers, a tangible interface encrypted in knots and strings made of cotton and wool. This system was widely used until the Spanish colonization that banned and destroyed many of the existing khipus. This article presents the creation process of the Electronic_Khipu_, a new interface for musical expression. It takes the form of a MIDI controller, inspired by the original Incan device. The Khipu has been converted into an instrument for interaction and experimental sound generation by weaving knots with conductive rubber cords, thereby encoding musical compositions. The article goes on to document the implementation of the electronic instrument and evaluate its use in live performances. The research also explores the work of significant artists in this conceptual line who, from a decolonial perspective, have transformed and incorporated the khipu into different contemporary expressions of electronic sound art. These works, along with the practical example cited with the Electronic_Khipu_, suggest alternative practices of tangible live coding, computer music, and data sonification. Creative work with sound continues a legacy, almost lost in colonization, of the ancestral practice of weaving knots as code. In addition, some ideas will be presented to enhance the instrument's performance in the future.
Addressing NIME's Prevailing Sociotechnical, Political, and Epistemological Exigencies
Authors: Hayes Lauren , Marquez-Borbon Adnan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nearly two decades after its inception as a workshop at the Association for Computing Machinery Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME) exists as an established international conference significantly distinct from its precursor. Although this origin story is often noted, the implications of NIME's history as emerging from a field predominantly dealing with human–computer interaction (HCI) have rarely been discussed. In this paper we highlight many of the recent—and some not so recent—challenges that have been brought upon the NIME community as it attempts to maintain and expand its identity as a platform for multidisciplinary research into HCI, interface design, and electronic and computer music. We discuss the relationship between the market demands of the neoliberal university—which have underpinned academia's drive for innovation—and the quantification and economization of research performance that have facilitated certain disciplinary and social frictions to emerge within NIME-related research and practice. Drawing on work that engages with feminist theory and cultural studies, we suggest that critical reflection and, moreover, mediation is necessary to address burgeoning concerns that have been raised within the NIME discourse in relation to methodological approaches, “equity, diversity, and inclusion,” “accessibility,” and the fostering of “rigorous” interdisciplinary research.
Review of the Epeolus tarsalis species group (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Epeolus Latreille, 1802), with description of a new species
Authors: ASTAFUROVA YULIA V. , PROSHCHALYKIN MAXIM YU. 
Published: July 2021

The five species of Epeolus tarsalis species group are reviewed. One new species, Epeolus mikhailovi sp. nov. (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan), is described and illustrated. Epeolus melectiformis Yasumatsu, 1938 is newly recorded from China, and E. tarsalis Morawitz, 1874 is newly recorded from Kazakhstan. The distribution data for other species are supplemented. An identification key for both sexes of this species group is presented.
"Jesteśmy lasem". Słowacy w lustrze inicjatywy ekologicznej "My sme les"
Authors: Siedlecka Monika 
Published: July 2021

We Are the Forest: Slovaks in the Mirror of the Ecological Initiative My sme lesThe aim of this article is to explore the common points between the ecological movement and citizenship by discussing My sme les, a Slovak citizens’ initiative to protect Slovak forests. The Slovaks’ involvement in nature conservation as demonstrated by the My sme les campaign was recognised here not only as a manifestation of global trends in changing ecological awareness but also as a reflection of the special bond between man and nature ingrained in Slovak culture and mentality. The ecological movement currently developing in new media forms in Slovakia was introduced with an analysis of various (mainly online and audio-visual) sources related to the My sme les campaign. The article highlights the influence of the Deep Ecology trend on Slovak activists and the projects they have implemented. The My sme les initiative is not only an appeal for the social responsibility of Slovaks when it comes to the devastation of native nature, but also proves to be an important step towards a deeper civic engagement with the community. The Slovak case provides confirmation of the main thesis of Deep Ecology, namely that humans are not above nature, but are an integral part of it. Thanks to the My sme les initiative, in the context of Slovak culture, the forest emerged as a new cultural symbol, polemical towards the mountains, traditionally interpreted in a national-cultural key. Jesteśmy lasem. Słowacy w lustrze inicjatywy ekologicznej My sme lesCelem artykułu jest zbadanie punktów wspólnych ruchu ekologicznego i postawy obywatelskiej poprzez omówienie słowackiej inicjatywy obywatelskiej na rzecz ochrony słowackich lasów My sme les. Zaangażowanie się Słowaków w ochronę przyrody uwidaczniające się w kampanii My sme les uznane tu zostało nie tylko za przejaw globalnych tendencji w zakresie zmiany świadomości ekologicznej, lecz także za odzwierciedlenie zakorzenionego w słowackiej kulturze i mentalności szczególnego związku człowieka z przyrodą. Poprzez analizę różnorodnych źródeł (przede wszystkim internetowych i audiowizualnych) powiązanych z kampanią My sme les został przybliżony rozwijający się współcześnie w nowych medialnych formach ruch ekologiczny na Słowacji. W artykule podkreślono wpływ nurtu ekologii głębokiej na słowackich działaczy i przedsięwzięcia przez nich realizowane. Inicjatywa My sme les nie tylko stanowi apel o społeczną odpowiedzialność Słowaków wobec dewastacji rodzimej przyrody, lecz również okazuje się ważnym krokiem na drodze głębszego obywatelskiego zaangażowania się na rzecz wspólnoty. Przypadek słowacki dostarcza potwierdzenia głównej tezy ekologii głębokiej, tej mianowicie, że człowiek nie jest ponad przyrodą, ale jest jej nieodłączną częścią. Dzięki inicjatywie My sme les las zaistniał w kontekście kultury słowackiej jako nowy symbol kulturowy, polemiczny wobec tradycyjnie interpretowanych gór w kluczu narodowo-kulturowym.
Effects of Number Concentration of Cloud Condensation Nuclei on Moist Convection Formation
Authors: Miyamoto Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe examined the sensitivity of the formation of moist convection to the number of aerosols that serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) based on a set of numerical experiments using a nonhydrostatic model with a bin cloud microphysics model. Additionally, a linear stability analysis for an air parcel incorporating effects of the CCN number concentration (NCCN) has been conducted to further demonstrate the findings in numerical experiments. The results of the numerical experiments show that moist convection does not form whenNCCN≤ 10 cm−3. The sensitivity toNCCNcan be divided into three regimes: whenNCCN≤ 10 cm−3, convection does not form or not fully develop; when 1 ≤NCCN≤ 102cm−3, maximum vertical velocity increases withNCCN; and whenNCCN≥ 102cm−3, the intensity of convection does not largely depend onNCCN. We demonstrate that the main reason convection does not form under environments with a smallNCCNis that the time scale for condensation is longer than that to change environmental conditions. Given a supersaturated environment, fewer droplets form whenNCCNis small and the size of droplets is potentially large. Consequently, the amount of latent heating is limited and the air parcel cannot obtain buoyancy within a reasonable time scale. Linear stability analysis using a parcel model considering the effect ofNCCNwithout ice-phase processes shows unstable and stable regimes as a function of the number of droplets. The analytically obtained critical droplet number for the convection formation well corresponds to the minimumNCCNbeyond which convection forms in the present numerical experiments.
Improving Cross-track Scanning Radiometers’ Precipitation Retrieval over Ocean by Morphing
Authors: You Yalei , Peters-Lidard Christa , Munchak S. Joseph , Tan Jackson , Braun Scott , Ringerud Sarah , Blackwell William , Yang John Xun , Nelkin Eric , Dong Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrevious studies showed that conical scanning radiometers greatly outperform cross-track scanning radiometers for precipitation retrieval over ocean. This study demonstrates a novel approach to improve precipitation rates at the cross-track scanning radiometers’ observation time by propagating the conical scanning radiometers’ retrievals to the cross-track scanning radiometers’ observation time. The improved precipitation rate is a weighted average of original cross-track radiometers’ retrievals and retrievals propagated from a conical scanning radiometer. The cross-track scanning radiometers include the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) onboard the NPP satellite and four Microwave Humidity Sounders (MHSs). The conical scanning radiometers include the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) and three Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounders (SSMISs), while the precipitation retrievals from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) are taken as the reference. Results show that the morphed precipitation rates agree much better with the reference. The degree of improvement depends on several factors, including the propagated precipitation source, the time interval between the cross-track scanning radiometer and the conical scanning radiometer, the precipitation type (convective vs. stratiform), the precipitation events’ size, and the geolocation. The study has potential to greatly improve high-impact weather systems monitoring (e.g., hurricanes) and multi-satellite precipitation products. It may also enhance the usefulness of future satellite missions with cross-track scanning radiometers onboard.
Examining sub-daily tornado warning performance and associated environmental characteristics
Authors: Krocak Makenzie J. , Flournoy Matthew D. , Brooks Harold E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIncreasing tornado warning skill in terms of the probability of detection and false alarm ratio remains an important operational goal. Although many studies have examined tornado warning performance in a broad sense, less focus has been placed on warning performance within sub-daily convective events. In this study, we use the NWS tornado verification database to examine tornado warning performance by order-of-tornado within each convective day. We combine this database with tornado reports to relate warning performance to environmental characteristics. On convective days with multiple tornadoes, the first tornado is warned significantly less often than the middle and last tornadoes. More favorable kinematic environmental characteristics, like increasing 0–1-km shear and storm-relative helicity, are associated with better warning performance related to the first tornado of the convective day. Thermodynamic and composite parameters are less correlated to warning performance. During tornadic events, over half of false alarms occur after the last tornado of the day decays, and false alarms are twice as likely to be issued during this time than before the first tornado forms. These results indicate that forecasters may be better “primed” (or more prepared) to issue warnings on middle and last tornadoes of the day, and must overcome a higher threshold to warn on the first tornado of the day. To overcome this challenge, using kinematic environmental characteristics and intermediate products on the watch-to-warning scale may help.
Fear Language in a Warning Is Beneficial to Risk Perception in Lower-Risk Situations
Authors: Whitmer Daphne E. , Sims Valerie K. 
Published: July 2021

Objective The goal was to examine the effectiveness of fear language in the protective action recommendation of an emergency warning, which instructs people how to prepare and stay safe. Background Past work is limited because it has focused on describing the severity of the weather crisis, not improving the recommendation. Likewise, other research has examined fear appeals that overemphasize death, which leads to poor risk perceptions. Method In Experiment 1, the presence of fear language and second-person personal pronouns (i.e., “you”) in a recommendation was manipulated. Experiment 2 examined how fear language and a hurricane changing in intensity influenced risk perceptions across three decision points. Results Experiment 1 suggested that fear language was more influential than a pronoun on risk perceptions. Experiment 2 suggested that fear language in a protective action recommendation was most impactful in the case of a hurricane decreasing in intensity. Conclusion Protective action recommendations with fear language influence risk perceptions and behaviors. The magnitude of this influence is dependent on how people have categorized the hurricane (i.e., low vs. high risk). Application These results demonstrate that fear appeals in hurricane warnings can be useful, especially in cases when a low to medium risk event is still extremely dangerous. Likewise, these results demonstrate a need for caution, as fear appeals are not a “one size-fits-all” approach to increasing risk perceptions and should be used thoughtfully. Recommendations of when to use fear appeals in protective action recommendations are provided based on the present data.
Perceptually Discriminating the Highest Priority Alarms Reduces Response Time: A Retrospective Pre-Post Study at Four Hospitals
Authors: Hansen Christopher J. , Rayo Michael F. , Patterson Emily S. , Yamokoski Todd , Abdel-Rasoul Mahmoud , Allen Theodore T. , Socha Jacob J. , Moffatt-Bruce Susan D. 
Published: July 2021

Objective Reduce nurse response time for emergency and high-priority alarms by increasing discriminability between emergency and all other alarms and suppressing redundant and likely false high-priority alarms in a secondary alarm notification system (SANS). Background Emergency alarms are the most urgent, requiring immediate action to address a dangerous situation. They are clinician-triggered and have higher positive predictive value (PPV). High-priority alarms are automatically triggered and have lower PPV. Method We performed a retrospective pre-post study, analyzing data 15 months before and 25 months after a SANS redesign was implemented in four hospitals. For emergency alarms, we incorporated digitized human speech to distinguish them from automatically triggered alarms, leaving their onset and escalation pathways unchanged. For automatically triggered alarms, we suppressed some by delaying initial onset and escalation by 20 s. We used linear mixed models to assess the change in response time, Fisher’s exact test for the proportion of response times longer than 120 s, and control charts for process stability. Results Response time for emergency alarms decreased at all hospitals (main, from 26.91 s to 22.32 s, p < .001; cardiac, from 127.10 s to 52.43 s, p < .001; cancer, from 18.03 s to 15.39 s, p < .001). Improvements were sustained. Automatically triggered alarms decreased 25.0%. Response time for the three automatically triggered cardiac alarms increased at the four hospitals. Conclusion Auditory sound disambiguation was associated with a sustained reduced nurse response time for emergency alarms, but suppressing some high-priority automatically triggered alarms was not. Application Distinguishing and escalating urgent, actionable alarms with higher PPV improves response time.