bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zebrafish mbnl mutants model physical and molecular phenotypes of myotonic dystrophy
Authors: Hinman Melissa N. , Richardson Jared I. , Sockol Rose A. , Aronson Eliza D. , Stednitz Sarah J. , Murray Katrina N. , Berglund J. Andrew , Guillemin Karen 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The muscleblind RNA-binding proteins (MBNL1, MBNL2 and MBNL3) are highly conserved across vertebrates and are important regulators of RNA alternative splicing. Loss of MBNL protein function through sequestration by CUG or CCUG RNA repeats is largely responsible for the phenotypes of the human genetic disorder myotonic dystrophy (DM). We generated the first stable zebrafish (Danio rerio) models of DM-associated MBNL loss of function through mutation of the three zebrafish mbnl genes. In contrast to mouse models, zebrafish double and triple homozygous mbnl mutants were viable to adulthood. Zebrafish mbnl mutants displayed disease-relevant physical phenotypes including decreased body size and impaired movement. They also exhibited widespread alternative splicing changes, including the misregulation of many DM-relevant exons. Physical and molecular phenotypes were more severe in compound mbnl mutants than in single mbnl mutants, suggesting partially redundant functions of Mbnl proteins. The high fecundity and larval optical transparency of this complete series of zebrafish mbnl mutants will make them useful for studying DM-related phenotypes and how individual Mbnl proteins contribute to them, and for testing potential therapeutics.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Vacuolar H+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase energize Na+ uptake mechanisms in the nuchal organ of the hyperregulating freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna
Authors: Morris Carolyn , O'Donnell Michael J. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The nuchal organ of the embryos and neonates of the cladoceran, Daphnia magna, has been shown to be a site of Na+ influx and H+, NH4+ and Cl− efflux. This study combines the scanning ion-selective electrode technique with application of inhibitors of specific transporters to assess the mechanisms of Na+ transport across the nuchal organ. Na+ influx across the nuchal organ was inhibited both by inhibitors of the Na+/K+-ATPase (ouabain, bufalin) and by inhibitors of the vacuolar H+-ATPase (bafilomycin, N-ethylmaleimde, 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, KM91104, S-nitrosoglutathione). Na+ influx was unaffected by the epithelial Na+ channel blocker benzamil, but was sensitive to ethylisopropyl amiloride and elevated external ammonium concentrations, consistent with roles for Na+/H+ and Na+/NH4+ exchangers in the apical membrane but not Na+ channels. Transport across the basolateral membrane into the haemolymph is proposed to involve the Na+/K+-ATPase and a thiazide-sensitive Na+/Cl− cotransporter.
Szeregi składniowe w staropolskich apokryfach Starego i Nowego Testamentu (na przykładzie Historyi barzo cudnej o stworzeniu nieba i ziemie i Rozmyślania przemyskiego)
Authors: Stelmach Wojciech 
Published: May 2021

Syntactic Sequences in Old Polish Apocrypha of the Old and New Testament (Based on Historya barzo cudna o stworzeniu nieba i ziemie and Rozmyślanie przemyskie)
Researchers of Old Polish texts notice that they contain stylistic devices called syntactic sequences, a particular type of which are synonymous sequences. The aim of the article is to characterize synonymous sequences in Polish medieval Biblical-apocryphal writings, and to indicate their importance for the stylistics of Old Polish literature. Furthermore, the author of the article wants to find out why the copyists/authors of the texts decided to use such sequences in those writingss. The basis for the analysis includes some examples of syntactic sequences from The Przemyśl Meditation (Rozmyślanie Przemyskie) and The Marvellous Story on the Creation of Heaven and Earth (Historya barzo cudna o stworzeniu nieba i ziemie) by Krzysztof Pussman. However, the author of the article does not focus on the genetic aspects of text analysis. He is not interested in the origin of the sequences. What is important for him is to determine the function of the word connections in question, and to identify the reasons for using them in the translation.
Staropolski imiesłów czynny jako predykatywny atrybut
Authors: Ziółkowska Olga 
Published: May 2021

Old Polish Present Participle as a Predicative Attribute
The author of the article shows that Old Polish (present) participles are transitional categories – they combine the syntactic features of an attribute and a predicate. She also tries to answer the question of how to recognize their nature. Is one of the functions dominant or are they equal? It is also important to reflect on how the choice of terminology used for syntactic description affects the way of perceiving and interpreting linguistic phenomena. The author considers the functionality of terms which already exist in the research tradition and are designed to name the double function of a participle. She also proposes the term: “predicative attribute” (in Polish: “predykatywny atrybut”) referring to the functional syntax of Stanisław Karolak. She shows that an entire separation, in a syntactic description, of the two syntactic functions performed by a participle, is ahistorical and incorrect as it suggests the existence of something which was unclear and only emerging.
Z etymologii łemkowskich
Authors: Fałowski Adam , Hojsak Wiktoria 
Published: May 2021

Lemko Etymologies. Part VI
This article constitutes the sixth part in the series related to Lemko etymologies. In this part, the authors present the words beginning with the letters П and Р: пага, пажерити, памула, пандзір, папуля, пацалуватий, перайки, п(е)реквинтувати си, пыркій, погармиґувати ся, погынцатися, подышір, поперхливый, попыртаный, порамотати, порплі, постружниця, пофафрындити, похыхму, пошкрібок, пошпотити ся, префынкати, приґвамчыти, приячка, прогайнувати, псятвоч, раканя, рамак/рамач, рапавий, репчыти, римно, рынявий, розбырдати, розпаідити(ся). The authors attempt to determine the origin of these words, taking into account the data provided in etymological, historical and dialectal dictionaries of Slavic languages and dialects, as well as of neighbouring non-Slavic languages. Thus, they have outlined a broad comparative background, offering their supplementation or correction of the previous etymological conclusions.
Leksyka przestępcza w trylogii złodziejskiej Sergiusza Piaseckiego
Authors: Kubusiak Ewa 
Published: May 2021

Criminal Sociolect in The Criminal Trilogy by Sergiusz Piasecki
The author of the article aims at reconstructing the criminal sociolect of the North-Eastern Borderlands in 1918-1919, based on The Criminal Trilogy by Sergiusz Piasecki. The plot of the novels takes place in Minsk Litewski, which, at that time, was full of thieves from all regions of Poland. In the novels, Piasecki recreated the sociolect of thieves living in the North-Eastern Borderlands, using the authentic criminal lexis. The authenticity of this sociolect is confirmed both by the materials provided by Piasecki himself (preface, footnotes and vocabulary of thieves’ language) and by their comparison with other lexicographic scientific descriptions concerning criminal vocabulary from the first half of the twentieth century.
Improving the adaptability of the optical performance monitor by transfer learning
Authors: Fan Xiaojie , Chen Zhenan , Hao Rui , Ren Fang , Wang Jianping 
Published: May 2021

Owing to their mighty fitting ability, the supervised learning-based deep-learning (DL) models have been widely used in the area of optical performance monitoring (OPM) to improve the optical monitors’ performance. However, the supervised learning-based DL models used in OPM are based on two important premises. The first premise is enough training data with labels; the second premise is the same distribution of the training and test data. Nevertheless, it is hard to meet the two premises in the real-world environment where the optical performance monitors are deployed, since the data are unlabeled and the optical network environment is dynamic (such as component aging caused by slow parameter variation), causing the degradation of the monitoring performance. This is because the supervised learning-based DL models lack the adaptability of the dynamic environment. For the purpose of improving the optical performance monitors’ adaptability, we propose a transfer-learning-based convolutional neural network model to maintain the monitoring performance in the dynamic optical network environment. The transfer-learning method can transfer the learned knowledge from the labeled data under an invariant optical network environment to the unlabeled data under a dynamic optical network environment. During the training phase, the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) is applied to match the features extracted from the source and the target domains. When the trained model is deployed in the OPM monitor, the robustness of the system to the dynamic environment would be enhanced. Four signals (60/100 Gbps 16/64 QAM) under different working environments are used to verify the adaptability of the method. The influence of the MMD’s weight rates, batch size, and weight parameters confirmed the effectiveness of our method.
Therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine is associated with acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Schneider Johanna , Jaenigen Bernd , Wagner Dirk , Rieg Siegbert , Hornuss Daniel , Biever Paul M. , Kern Winfried V. , Walz Gerd 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is an independent risk factor for mortality, which affects about 5% of hospitalized coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients and up to 25–29% of severely ill COVID-19 patients. Lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine showin vitroactivity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and have been used for the treatment of COVID-19. Both, lopinavir and hydroxychloroquine are metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. The impact of a triple therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine (triple therapy) on kidney function in COVID-19 is currently not known.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed both non-ICU and ICU patients with COVID-19 receiving triple therapy for the incidence of AKI. Patients receiving standard therapy served as a control group. All patients were hospitalized at the University Hospital of Freiburg, Germany, between March and April 2020. A matched-pair analysis for the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) 2 was performed to control for the severity of illness among non-intensive care unit (ICU) patients.ResultsIn non-ICU patients, the incidence of AKI was markedly increased following triple therapy (78.6% vs. 21.4% in controls, p = 0.002), while a high incidence of AKI was observed in both groups of ICU patients (triple therapy: 80.0%, control group: 90.5%). ICU patients treated with triple therapy showed a trend towards more oliguric or anuric kidney injury. We also observed a linear correlation between the duration of the triple therapy and the maximum serum creatinine level (p = 0.004, R2= 0.276, R = 0.597).ConclusionTriple therapy is associated with an increase in the incidence of AKI in non-ICU COVID-19 patients. The underlying mechanisms may comprise a CYP3A4 enzyme interaction, and may be relevant for any future therapy combining hydroxychloroquine with antiviral agents.
Glycans unique to the relapse-prone subset within triple-negative breast cancer as revealed by lectin array-based analysis of surgical specimens
Authors: Sakata-Matsuzawa Madoka , Denda-Nagai Kaori , Fujihira Haruhiko , Noji Miki , Ishii-Schrade Katrin Beate , Matsuda Atsushi , Kuno Atsushi , Okazaki Misato , Nakai Katsuya , Horimoto Yoshiya , Saito Mitsue , Irimura Tatsuro 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
Molecular and cellular characteristics of the relapse-prone subset within triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain unclear. Aberrant glycosylation is involved in the malignant behavior of cancer cells. In the present study, we aimed to reveal glycan profiles unique to relapsed TNBC patients.

Methods
Thirty TNBC patients who did not undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy but postoperative standard adjuvant therapy from 2009 through 2016 at Juntendo Hospital were investigated. TNBC cells were resected from primary breast cancer sections of formalin-fixed surgical specimens using laser-assisted microdissection. The binding intensities of the extracted glycoproteins to 45 lectins were quantified using lectin microarray and compared between relapsed and non-relapsed patients. Immunohistochemical staining with TJA-II lectin in specimen sections was performed.

Results
Five patients relapsed during the follow-up (range 37–123 months). Lectin microarray analysis revealed that 7 out of 45 lectins showed significant differences in binding intensity between the relapsed and the non-relapsed group. TJA-II, ACA, WFA, and BPL showed stronger binding in the relapsed group. PNGase F treatment of TNBC cell lysates suggested that TJA-II and ACA bind O-glycans. TJA-II staining of tissue sections revealed strong binding to cell surface membranes and to the cytoplasm of TNBC cells, but not to other types of cells. Significantly more TNBC cells were stained in tissue sections from relapsed than non-relapsed patients.

Conclusions
TNBC cells from relapsed patients showed a unique lectin reactivity, with higher levels of TJA-II (also WFA and BPL) binding than in non-relapsed patients. The results are potentially useful to develop new prognostic and therapeutic tools.
Rates of protein synthesis are reduced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from fragile X individuals
Authors: Dionne Olivier , Lortie Audrey , Gagnon Florence , Corbin François 
Published: May 2021

Background
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading inherited cause of intellectual disability and is caused by the loss of expression of the Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). In animal model of FXS, the absence of FMRP leads to an aberrant rate of neuronal protein synthesis, which in turn is believed to be at the origin of defects regarding spine morphology and synaptic plasticity. Normalisation of protein synthesis in these models has been associated with a rescue of FXS behavioral and biochemicals phenotype, thus establishing the rate of protein synthesis as one of the most promising monitoring biomarker for FXS. However, rate of protein synthesis alteration in fragile X individuals is not well characterized.

Method
We applied a robust radiolabeled assay to measure rate of protein synthesis in freshly extracted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and blood platelets. We ultimately settle on PBMCs to measure and compare rate of protein synthesis in 13 males with fragile X and 14 matched controls individuals.

Results
Using this method, we measured a 26.9% decrease (p = 0,0193) in the rate of protein synthesis in fragile X individuals PBMCs. Furthermore, the rate of protein synthesis measurements obtained were highly reproducible, highlighting the robustness of the method.

Conclusion
Our work presents the first evidence of a diminution of the rate of protein synthesis in a human peripheral model of fragile X. Our results also support the finding of previous studies using brain PET imaging in Fragile X individuals. Since our assay only requires a simple venous puncture, it could be used in other cases of intellectual disability in order to determine if an aberrant rate of protein synthesis is a common general mechanism leading to impairment in synaptic plasticity and to intellectual disability.
Solution to n-Queens Problem: Heuristic Approach
Authors: Osaghae Edgar 
Published: May 2021

Finding non-backtracking solutions to n-queens problems, has been very challenging. Several researchers have attempting to find non-backtracking solutions to n-queens problem, although, some of them recorded huge successes in their researches, but none of them have attempting using the implications of even and odd n-queens, to find solutions to the n-queens problem. In this paper, an attempt was made to extract patterns created from even-numbered n-queens and odd-numbered n-queens placements on the chessboard. The research started from experimenting the placements of non-attacking queens for 4-queens, 16-queens, 32-queens and n-queens. After the experimenting with the placements of different number of queens on the chessboard, it was revealed that even-numbered and odd-numbered queens, have pattern of placement of queens. The results of this research work show how to start and finish placements of queens on the chessboard, depending on whether the n number of queens are either even or odd, using heuristic approach.
L2 university students’ motivational self system in English writing: a sociocultural inquiry
Authors: Yu Shulin , Jiang Lianjiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Although there is no lack of studies on L2 motivation in applied linguistics, research on L2 writing motivation remains scanty. Drawing upon Dornyei’s L2-motivational-self-system and the notions of identity, this study analyzed 27 Chinese university-based students’ English writing learning experiences. Data were gathered through individual interviews and written reflections. The findings showed that the students’ experience of learning to write was not conducive to their formation of identity as a multilingual writer because their ideal L2 selves in EFL writing were influenced by the overall learning and testing cultures. The findings also reveal that the teachers, parents, and schools played little role in shaping the students’ ought-to selves due to the marginal status of EFL writing in both the nation-wide exams and the institutional curricula. Overall, the students’ investment in learning to write yielded mostly a “passive and mediocre test-oriented” writer identity, with the capital to construct customized writings for individual and professional communication remained unattainable. The findings call for attention to the prevalent native speaker ideology and the ideology that considers students’ L1 as problem.
Study on the corrosion resistance of sulfonated graphene/aluminum phosphate composites in waterborne polyurethane coatings
Authors: Wang Changrui , Wang Jihu , Wen Shaoguo , Wang Guangyu , Chen Yabo , Wang Yan , Li Siwei , Zhang Jijia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sulfonated graphene/aluminum phosphate (SG/AlPO4) composites were synthesized by precipitation method, and composites with different mass ratios were added to water-based polyurethane (WPU) resins to prepare coatings. According to tests, composites with the addition of 2 wt% composite coating has good anticorrosion performance, and its protection efficiency is increased by 79.6% compared with pure resin. In the early stage of the corrosion, the SG layer forms the barrier. During the corrosion process, the SG layer was destroyed, the phosphate ions decomposed by the exposed spherical AlPO4 in the corrosive medium and the divalent iron ions on the iron-based surface form a stable precipitation protective layer to achieve the anticorrosion effect. From the EIS test, the coating with 2 wt% composite material has a larger radius of curvature in the Nyquist diagram at different time periods. According to the fitted circuit, it is further confirmed that the precipitation protection layer has a larger resistance value. After soaking for 24 h the resistance value is the largest, which is 1.231 × 104 Ω cm2.
Herbal supplement (Combi-5) in the management of COVID 19 individual with mild to moderate symptoms: a case report
Authors: Onyeaghala Augustine Anayochukwu , Onyeaghala Emmanuella Ogechi , Babalola Chinedum Peace , Aina Oluwasanmi Olayinka , Jelpe Dadik 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
To explore repurposing known natural products for managing patients with mild to moderate symptoms of COVID-19.

Case presentation
We present a case report of a middle aged woman, who was positive to COVID 19, with mild to moderate symptoms; who self –managed at home using well formulated herbal supplement (Combi-5) taken along with vitamin C and Zinc supplements. She recovered within a short time.

Conclusions
While we may not conclude from this report that Combi-5 was solely responsible for the recovery of the patient, we strongly believe that it played significant role through different mechanisms in facilitating early recovery from the infection. Further studies are needed to evaluate the phytochemical and pharmacological constituents of the supplement; investigate its direct effect(s) on SARS CoV-2 and conduct randomized controlled trial to elucidate its clinical benefits.
Surface-response functions obtained from equilibrium electron-density profiles
Authors: Mortensen N. Asger , Gonçalves P. A. D. , Shuklin Fedor A. , Cox Joel D. , Tserkezis Christos , Ichikawa Masakazu , Wolff Christian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Surface-response functions are one of the most promising routes for bridging the gap between fully quantum-mechanical calculations and phenomenological models in quantum nanoplasmonics. Among all currently available recipes for obtaining such response functions, the use of ab initio methods remains one of the most conspicuous trends, wherein the surface-response functions are retrieved via the metal’s non-equilibrium response to an external time-dependent perturbation. Here, we present a complementary approach to approximate one of the most appealing surface-response functions, namely the Feibelman d-parameters, yield a finite contribution even when they are calculated solely with the equilibrium properties of the metal, described under the local-response approximation (LRA) but with a spatially varying equilibrium electron density, as input. Using model calculations that mimic both spill-in and spill-out of the equilibrium electron density, we show that the obtained d-parameters are in qualitative agreement with more elaborate, but also more computationally demanding, ab initio methods. The analytical work presented here illustrates how microscopic surface-response functions can emerge out of entirely local electrodynamic considerations.
A systematic review on the metabolic effects of chlorpyrifos
Authors: Farkhondeh Tahereh , Mehrpour Omid , Sadeghi Mahmood , Aschner Michael , Aramjoo Hamed , Roshanravan Babak , Samarghandian Saeed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides, including chlorpyrifos (CPF), can alter metabolic hemostasis. The current systematic study investigated blood glucose, lipid profiles, and body weight alterations in rodents and fish exposed to CPF. The systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Guidelines, querying online databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus and also search engine including Google Scholar, through January 2021. Studies on rodent and fish exposed to CPF assessing metabolic functions were selected. All studies were in the English language, with other languages being excluded from the review. Two investigators independently assessed each of the articles. The first author’s name, publication date, animal model, age, sample size, gender, dose, duration, and route of exposure and outcomes were extracted from each publication. The present review summarizes findings from 61 publications on glycemic, lipid profile, insulin, and body weight changes in rodents and fish exposed to CPF exposure. Most of the studies reported hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and decreased insulin levels and body weight following exposure to CPF. Additionally, we confirmed that the CPF-induced metabolic alterations were both dose- and time-dependent. Our findings support an association between CPF exposure and metabolic diseases. However, more studies are needed to identify the metabolic-disrupting effects of CPF and their underlying mechanisms.