bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart rate as a measure of emotional arousal in evolutionary biology
Authors: Wascher Claudia A. F. 
Published: June 2021

How individuals interact with their environment and respond to changes is a key area of research in evolutionary biology. A physiological parameter that provides an instant proxy for the activation of the automatic nervous system, and can be measured relatively easily, is modulation of heart rate. Over the past four decades, heart rate has been used to assess emotional arousal in non-human animals in a variety of contexts, including social behaviour, animal cognition, animal welfare and animal personality. In this review, I summarize how measuring heart rate has provided new insights into how social animals cope with challenges in their environment. I assess the advantages and limitations of different technologies used to measure heart rate in this context, including wearable heart rate belts and implantable transmitters, and provide an overview of prospective research avenues using established and new technologies, with a special focus on implications for applied research on animal welfare.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Measuring physiology in free-living animals (Part II)’.
Detection of B.1.351 and B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 variants in Monterrey metropolitan area in Northeast Mexico
Authors: Galán-Huerta Kame A. , Garza-de-la-Peña Eduardo , Elizondo-Valdez Gabriela V. , Herrera-Saldivar María F. , Rivas-Estilla Ana M. , Lozano-Sepúlveda Sonia A. , Martínez-Acuña Natalia , Arellanos-Soto Daniel , Ramos-Jiménez Javier 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) have spread throughout the world. In Mexico, VOC B.1.351 has been detected on one occasion and B.1.1.7 several times. We detected lineages B.1.351 and B.1.1.7 in patients who traveled to USA and B.1.1.7 in a patient with no travel history.Article summary lineIntroduction of B.1.351 and B.1.1.7 S ARS-CoV-2 variants in Monterrey, Mexico.
C Reactive Protein based early intervention for home quarantined COVID-19 patients to avoid complications and hospitalization
Authors: Arjunan Manimarane , Anoop U.R , Verma Kavita , Manimarane Oviyaa 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundAs India was reeling under the relentless onslaught of the second wave of COVID -19, the hospitals were over-crowded and resources were inaccessible. Many COVID -19 positive patients had to stay at home and reach out to their family physicians for guidance. This gave us an opportunity to observe a group of patients in home quarantine. The challenge was daunting. We could not afford to allow these patients to deteriorate as hospital beds and oxygen support were not readily available. Therefore, we developed an innovative approach to monitor these patients and to intervene at the optimal time to avoid hospitalization.Based on objective biochemical tests like elevated CRP and clinical signs like persistent high-grade fever, we initiated early low dose steroids and antibiotics prior to the onset of hypoxia. None of the home quarantined patients deteriorated because of the timely medical intervention. These patients neither required oxygen support nor hospitalization. We therefore present our new treatment model for home quarantined COVID-19 patients along with our suggestions for implementing the model at the community level.Methods25 patients under home quarantine who contacted online for medical guidance underwent clinical and biochemical evaluation. CT radiological examination was done whenever indicated. Treatments were initiated under medical guidance based on the CRP values and clinical presentation.ResultsAmong the 25 patients, 40% of the patients (10/25) had mild symptoms with normal CRP. 24% of the patients (6/25) had mild symptoms with elevated CRP. 36% of patients (9/25) had elevated CRP with persistent high fever. All the 25 patients recovered over the next four weeks.ConclusionWe propose an early objective assessment of inflammatory markers like CRP prior to the onset of hypoxia during home quarantine and early, need-based intervention under medical guidance to avoid complications and hospitalization.
Accelerometer-derived sleep onset timing and cardiovascular disease incidence: a UK Biobank cohort study
Authors: Nikbakhtian Shahram , Reed Angus B , Obika Bernard Dillon , Morelli Davide , Cunningham Adam C , Aral Mert , Plans David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsGrowing evidence suggests that sleep quality is associated with cardiovascular risk. However, research in this area often relies upon recollection dependant questionnaires or diaries. Accelerometers provide an alternative tool for deriving sleep parameters measuring sleep patterns objectively. This study examines the associations between accelerometer derived sleep onset timing and cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods and ResultsWe derived sleep onset and waking up time from accelerometer data collected from 103,712 UK Biobank participants over a period of seven days. From this, we examined the association between sleep onset timing and CVD incidence using a series of Cox proportional hazards models. 3172 cases of CVD were reported during a mean follow-up period of 5·7 (±0·49) years. An age- and sex-controlled base analysis found that sleep onset time of 10:00pm-10:59pm was associated with the lowest CVD incidence. A fully adjusted model, additionally controlling for sleep duration, sleep irregularity, and established CVD risk factors, was unable to eliminate this association, producing hazard ratios of 1·24 (95% CI, 1·10–1·39;p<0·005), 1·12 (1·01–1·25;p=0·04), and 1·25 (1·02–1·52;p=0·03) for sleep onset <10:00pm, 11:00pm-11:59pm, and ≥12:00am, respectively, compared to 10:00pm-10:59pm. Importantly, sensitivity analyses revealed this association was stronger in females, with only sleep onset <10:00pm significant for males.ConclusionsOur findings suggest an independent relationship between sleep onset timing and risk of developing CVD, particularly for women. We also demonstrate the potential utility of collecting information about sleep parameters via accelerometry-capable wearable devices, which may serve as novel cardiovascular risk indicators.Translational PerspectiveAbnormal sleep timing is a feature of poor-quality sleep and is likely to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. Accelerometer-derived measures of sleep quality, particularly sleep timing, may be associated with greater vulnerability to cardiovascular disease, particularly in women. Onset of sleep timing may constitute a novel cardiovascular risk factor and target for preventative intervention. Wearable devices equipped with accelerometers may be useful in assessing sleep related cardiovascular disease risk factors as they would allow passive measurement of sleep parameters, such as sleep timing.
Microbiota responses to different prebiotics are conserved within individuals and associated with habitual fiber intake
Authors: Holmes Zachary C. , Villa Max M. , Durand Heather K. , Jiang Sharon , Dallow Eric P. , Petrone Brianna L. , Silverman Justin D. , Lin Pao-Hwa , David Lawrence A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundShort-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from gut bacteria are associated with protective roles in diseases ranging from obesity to colorectal cancers. Intake of microbially accessible dietary fibers (prebiotics) lead to varying effects on SCFA production in human studies, and gut microbial responses to nutritional interventions vary by individual. It is therefore possible that prebiotic therapies will require customizing to individuals.ResultsHere, we explored prebiotic personalization by conducting a three-way crossover study of three prebiotic treatments in healthy adults. We found that within individuals, metabolic responses were correlated across the three prebiotics. Individual identity, rather than prebiotic choice, was also the major determinant of SCFA response. Across individuals, prebiotic response was inversely related to basal fecal SCFA concentration, which, in turn, was associated with habitual fiber intake. Experimental measures of gut microbial SCFA production for each participant also negatively correlated with fiber consumption, supporting a model in which individuals’ gut microbiota are limited in their overall capacity to produce fecal SCFAs from fiber.ConclusionsOur findings support developing personalized prebiotic regimens that focus on selecting individuals who stand to benefit, and that such individuals are likely to be deficient in fiber intake.
Population structure and environmental niches of Rimicaris shrimps from the Mid Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Methou Pierre , Hernández-Ávila Ivan , Cathalot Cécile , Cambon-Bonavita Marie-Anne , Pradillon Florence 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAmong the endemic and specialized fauna from hydrothermal vents, Rimicaris shrimp surely constitutes one of the most important and emblematic components of these ecosystems. In the Mid Atlantic Ridge, two species affiliated to this genus co-occur: Rimicaris exoculata and Rimicaris chacei that differ by their morphology, their trophic regime as well as by their abundance. The first forms large and dense aggregations on active vent chimney walls in close proximity to vent fluid emissions, whereas the second is recognized as much less conspicuous, living mostly in scattered groups or solitary further away from the fluids. However, the recent revision of Rimicaris juvenile stages from the Mid Atlantic Ridge shows that R. chacei abundance would be higher than expected at these early life stages. Here, we describe and compare the population structures of R. exoculata and R. chacei at the Snake Pit and TAG vent fields. We show distinct population demographics between the two co-occurring shrimps with a large post settlement collapse in R. chacei population suggesting a large juvenile mortality for this species. We also observe important spatial segregation patterns between the two species and their different life stages. Additionally, our results highlight distinct niches for the earliest juvenile stages of both R. exoculata and R. chacei, compared to all the other life stages. Finally, we discuss the potential factors - predation and competitive interactions among others - that could explain the differences we observe in the population structure of these two species.
Neural ADMIXTURE: rapid population clustering with autoencoders
Authors: Mantes Albert Dominguez , Montserrat Daniel Mas , Bustamante Carlos D. , Giró-i-Nieto Xavier , Ioannidis Alexander G. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTCharacterizing the genetic substructure of large cohorts has become increasingly important as genetic association and prediction studies are extended to massive, increasingly diverse, biobanks. ADMIXTURE and STRUCTURE are widely used unsupervised clustering algorithms for characterizing such ancestral genetic structure. These methods decompose individual genomes into fractional cluster assignments with each cluster representing a vector of DNA marker frequencies. The assignments, and clusters, provide an interpretable representation for geneticists to describe population substructure at the sample level. However, with the rapidly increasing size of population biobanks and the growing numbers of variants genotyped (or sequenced) per sample, such traditional methods become computationally intractable. Furthermore, multiple runs with different hyperparameters are required to properly depict the population clustering using these traditional methods, increasing the computational burden. This can lead to days of compute. In this work we present Neural ADMIXTURE, a neural network autoencoder that follows the same modeling assumptions as ADMIXTURE, providing similar (or better) clustering, while reducing the compute time by orders of magnitude. Indeed, the equivalent of one month of continuous compute can be reduced to hours. In addition, Neural ADMIXTURE can include multiple outputs, providing the equivalent results as running the original ADMIXTURE algorithm many times with different numbers of clusters. Our models can also be stored, allowing later cluster assignment to be performed with a linear computational time. The software implementation of Neural ADMIXTURE can be found at https://github.com/ai-sandbox/neural-admixture.
What is wrong with micromanagement: economic view
Authors: Aguilar Sean R. , Kosheleva Olga 
Published: June 2021

PurposeIt is well known that micromanagement — excessive control of employees — is detrimental to the employees' morale and thus, decreases their productivity. But what if the managers keep people happy — will there still be negative consequences of micromanagement? This is the problem analyzed in this paper.Design/methodology/approachTo analyze our problem, we use general — but simplified — mathematical models of how productivity depends on the working rate.FindingsWe show that even in the absence of psychological discomfort, micromanagement is still detrimental to productivity. Interestingly, the negative effect of micromanagement increases as the population becomes more diverse.Originality/valueThis is the first paper in which the purely economic consequences of micromanagement — separate from its psychological consequences — are studied in precise mathematical terms, and is the first paper that analyzes the relation between these consequences and diversity of the population.
Individual and organizational mindfulness: a social exchange-based approach
Authors: Bagchi Soumendra N. , Sharma Rajeev 
Published: June 2021

PurposeUnderstanding multiple dimensions of problem or opportunity and the context in an evolving environment is an essential task for leaders. The allied expectation is to be aware of gaps in knowledge, and areas of organizational ignorance, which can prove detrimental for the organization. In this paper, we propose a framework based on social exchange theory directed towards developing organizational mindfulness.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a reflective note based on workshops conducted for senior managers of a Fortune Global 500 petrochemical company having more than 10,000 employees. The workshop was carried out in modular mode, with one module conducted in virtual mode and the second module in physical mode. The time gap between each module was two months.FindingsPurposive questioning, engaged in both as a social exchange as well as to solicit information from multiple stakeholders which may otherwise would have been ignored, develops broader and more detailed analysis of problems and extensive individual and organizational mindfulness.Practical implicationsThis paper offers a methodology for managers to explore and develop solutions for complex problems. The methodology also provides identification of areas requiring organizational re-learning.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature on problem solving by providing a methodology to develop individual and organizational mindfulness. The structured format of the approach ensures this can be formalized and taught to decision makers, without being limited by their prior background.
Financial inclusion enhancement through the adoption of Islamic microfinance in Nigeria
Authors: Abdullahi Abdurrahman , Othman Anwar Hasan Abdullah , Kassim Salina 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the determinants of intention to adopt Islamic microfinance among prospective customers in Nigeria, to enhance access to formal financial services.

Design/methodology/approach
The quantitative study used the proportionate stratified random sampling technique to collect data from 450 respondents, using close-ended questionnaires. The data was analyzed using analysis of moment structures-structural equation modeling. The decomposed theory of planned behavior (DTPB) was used as the underlying theory to test 10 hypotheses.

Findings
Results showed the intention toward the adoption of Islamic microfinance is high in Nigeria. In total, 8 of the 10 study hypotheses were supported, out of which attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control were found to have a positive and significant influence on the behavioral intention to adopt Islamic microfinance. Consequently, the study recommends the need for stakeholders in the Nigerian financial system to embark on enlightenment campaigns that will improve the public attitude on the role of Islamic microfinance banks in the promotion of financial inclusion and poverty reduction.

Research limitations/implications
The study focused specifically on three selected states in Northern Nigeria that are predominantly Muslim. The findings and indeed the conclusions of the study, may not be suitable for generalization to other parts of the country.

Practical implications
The study found that three constructs: attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control were found to affect behavioral intention. Thus, the Central Bank of Nigeria and Islamic financial institutions should tailor their enlightenment campaigns toward improving public attitude on the need to adopt Islamic microfinance banks to further enhance financial inclusion, and thus reduce the incidence of poverty. Islamic microfinance banks should complement their commercial products and services with Islamic social finance products such as Sadaqat, Zakat and benevolent loan, as is the practice in jurisdictions where Islamic finance is institutionalized.

Social implications
The social implication of the study is its ability to determine factors that will enhance financial inclusion in Nigeria. This will assist in reducing poverty and income inequality.

Originality/value
The study was also able to extend the DTPB by introducing awareness as an additional latent construct in explaining attitude.
Leveraging interorganizational governance for bridging responses to supply chain disruptions: a polynomial regression analysis
Authors: Liu Hua , Wei Shaobo 
Published: June 2021

PurposeDrawing on the transactional cost economics (TCE) perspective, we aim to investigate the effects of the balance and imbalance between contractual and relational governance on a firm's bridging responses to supply chain disruptions. By adopting the institutionally contingent perspective, we further examine the moderating effect of cultural distance on the relationship between governance mechanisms and bridging responses.Design/methodology/approachBased on data collected from 183 firms in China, we use polynomial regression and response surface analyses to test our research model.FindingsThe bridging responses increase along with an increasing balance level between contractual and relational governance and decrease along with an increasing imbalance level between contractual and relational governance. Moreover, the positive effect of balance between contractual and relational governance is strengthened by a large cultural distance. We also find that a large cultural distance amplifies the negative effect of the combination of high relational governance and low contractual governance yet weakens that of the combination of high contractual governance and low relational governance.Originality/valueOur study provides nuanced insights into the effects of the balance and imbalance between contractual and relational governance on bridging responses and into the cultural boundary conditions under which these effects vary.
No games to watch: empirical analysis of sport fans’ stress and coping strategies during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Kwon Youngbum , Kwak Dae Hee 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe global outbreak of the COVID-19 forced most sport leagues to cancel games in March–April 2020, leaving no sport games to watch for sport fans. The present study examined how sport consumers appraise stress and engage in coping behaviors resulted from sport lockout due to the global pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThis study examined the relationship between sport fans’ psychological dispositions, threat appraisal and coping strategies among professional sport fans in the USA. A panel of sport fans (N = 446) representative of the US adult population participated in an online survey in the fourth week of April, 2020 when no major sport leagues made a return from the lockout due to the COVID-19 outbreak.FindingsResults of this present study showed that anger, aggressiveness and need for affiliation increased threat perceptions toward the COVID-19 lockout, which subsequently had significant effect on emotion-focused and disengagement coping behaviors.Research limitations/implicationsThis is the first empirical study that examined stress and coping behavior among sport fans in the global public health crisis context. Our findings show what triggers stress appraisals and how fans cope with them.Practical implicationsFindings suggest that segmenting sport fans based on psychological dispositions could be useful in predicting fans that will engage in coping behaviors.Social implicationsWhile the hope is to return to normal postpandemic, COVID-19 might not be the last. We are uncertain whether there might be another potential pandemic-related sport lockdown. Understanding how lack of sport events can create distress in sport fans and have important public health implications.Originality/valueThe findings provide empirical evidence on how sport consumers respond to the pandemic-related sport lockdown and cope with the unprecedented situation. The findings of this study contribute to the sport management literature as we are unsure whether the sport industry might face this challenging situation in the future again.
From intuition to intelligence: a text mining–based approach for movies' green-lighting process
Authors: Kim Jongdae , Lee Youseok , Song Inseong 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a predictive model for box office performance based on the textual information in movie scripts in the green-lighting process of movie production.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use Latent Dirichlet Allocation to determine the hidden textual structure in movie scripts by extracting topic probabilities as predictors for classification. The extracted topic probabilities are used as inputs for the predictive model for the box office performance. For the predictive model, the authors utilize a variety of classification algorithms such as logistic classification, decision trees, random forests, k-nearest neighbor algorithms, support vector machines and artificial neural networks, and compare their relative performances in predicting movies' market performance.FindingsThis approach for extracting textual information from movie scripts produces a valuable typology for movies. Moreover, our modeling approach has significant power to predict movie scripts' profitability. It provides a superior prediction performance compared to previous benchmarks, such as that of Eliashberg et al. (2007).Research limitations/implicationsThis work contributes to literature on predicting the box office performance in the green-lighting process and literature regarding suggesting models for the idea screening stage in the new product development process. Besides, this is one of the few studies that use movie script data to predict movies' financial performance by proposing an approach to integrate text mining models and machine learning algorithms with movie experts' intuition.Practical implicationsFirst, the authors’ approach can significantly reduce the financial risk associated with movie production decisions before the pre-production stage. Second, this paper proposes an approach that is applicable at a very early stage of new product development, such as the idea screening stage. The authors also introduce an online-based movie scenario database system that can help movie studios make more systematic and profitable decisions in the green-lighting process. Third, this approach can help movie studios estimate movie scripts' financial value.Originality/valueThis study is one of the few studies to forecast market performance in the green-lighting process.