bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of image quality at the detector’s edge of dedicated breast positron emission tomography
Authors: Satoh Yoko , Motosugi Utaroh , Imai Masamichi , Omiya Yoshie , Onishi Hiroshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Using phantoms and clinical studies in prone hanging breast imaging, we assessed the image quality of a commercially available dedicated breast PET (dbPET) at the detector’s edge, where mammary glands near the chest wall are located. These are compared to supine PET/CT breast images of the same clinical subjects.

Methods
A breast phantom with four spheres (16-, 10-, 7.5-, and 5-mm diameter) was filled with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose solution (sphere-to-background activity concentration ratio, 8:1). The spheres occupied five different positions from the top edge to the centre of the detector and were scanned for 5 min in each position. Reconstructed images were visually evaluated, and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), contrast recovery coefficient (CRC) for all spheres, and coefficient of variation of the background (CVB) were calculated. Subsequently, clinical images obtained with standard supine PET/CT and prone dbPET were retrospectively analysed. Tumour-to-background ratios (TBRs) between breast cancer near the chest wall (close to the detector’s edge; peripheral group) and at other locations (non-peripheral group) were compared. The TBR of each lesion was compared between dbPET and PET/CT.

Results
Closer to the detector’s edge, the CNR and CRC of all spheres decreased while the CVB increased in the phantom study. The disadvantages of this placement were visually confirmed. Regarding clinical images, TBR of dbPET was significantly higher than that of PET/CT in both the peripheral (12.38 ± 6.41 vs 6.73 ± 3.5, p = 0.0006) and non-peripheral (12.44 ± 5.94 vs 7.71 ± 7.1, p = 0.0183) groups. There was no significant difference in TBR of dbPET between the peripheral and non-peripheral groups.

Conclusion
The phantom study revealed poorer image quality at < 2-cm distance from the detector’s edge than at other more central parts. In clinical studies, however, the visibility of breast lesions with dbPET was the same regardless of the lesion position, and it was higher than that in PET/CT. dbPET has a great potential for detecting breast lesions near the chest wall if they are at least 2 cm from the edge of the FOV, even in young women with small breasts.
Comparative study of the effect of face-to-face and computer mediated conversation modalities on student engagement: speaking skill in focus
Authors: Bagheri Maryam , Mohamadi Zenouzagh Zohre 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the potentials of face –to- face and computer mediated conversation (CMC) as two speaking modalities on students’ engagement. To this end, 30 Iranian male intermediate EFL learners were selected on the basis of their performance on OPT (Oxford Placement Test) and assigned into the research groups. The progression of face- to- face and CMC groups from limited to elaborate engagement at verbal, paralinguistic and functional levels was assessed using transcription analysis in face-to-face group and chat log analysis in CMC group. The limited and elaborate student engagement indicators in two modalities were identified via Maxqda software. The results of Maxqda analysis indicated that limited engagement was associated with appeal for help, silence, pauses and hesitations, focus on syntax, involvement with procedural talk and L1 use. Respectively, elaborate engagement was associated with avoiding L1 use, focus on discourse, involvement with actual talk and strategic discourse management rather than pause and silence. Chi-square analysis on frequency of indicators of limited and elaborate engagements on verbal, paralinguistic and functional levels indicated that limited and elaborate engagements occurred with different proportions in face-to-face and CMC conversations. Teaching practitioners would benefit the findings of the study since the findings illustrate how students’ engagement in learning evolves and how speaking modalities may impact the pattern of students’ engagement over time. The finding also suggest one way for improving student engagement without over-intervening of teachers is using modalities such as forums where the teacher presence is limited and students have to manage the discourse themselves which in turn increases student engagement.
Medicinal attributes of pyridine scaffold as anticancer targeting agents
Authors: Mohamed Esraa Ali , Ismail Nasser S. M. , Hagras Mohamed , Refaat Hanan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The heterocyclic compounds particularly pyridine displayed clinical and biological implementation. Pyridine scaffolds have been detected in most relevant drug molecules that included pyridine provided a great possibility for treatment.

Main text
Pyridine-containing compounds have increasing importance for medicinal application as antiviral, anticholinesterase activities, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and anticancer. This has generated concern among researchers in synthesising a variety of pyridine derivatives.

Conclusion
This review focuses on different pyridine targets as anticancer and their pharmacophoric elements controlling its activity.
Case Report: Fatal myocarditis after combination of immune checkpoint inhibitor and platinum doublet chemotherapy
Authors: Haakensen Vilde Drageset , Thunold Solfrid M.H. , Gulati Geeta 
Published: January 2021

Myocarditis is a rare but feared adverse event of treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The incidence is about 1%, while the mortality rate is up to 50%. Many physicians treating lung cancer do not have experience with this serious adverse event, and few hospitals in Scandinavia have routines for baseline assessments that may help detect early signs of inflammation of the myocard. Early onset of anti-inflammatory treatment is associated with favourable outcome. We present a case report of fatal myocarditis after treatment with check-point inhibitor. The patient was admitted with severe dyspnoea, general body ache, weakness, dysphagia, palpitations and diplopia two weeks after her second infusion of systemic treatment combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy. She had presented vague symptoms at time of the second infusion that were not identified as related to myocarditis/myositis. Upon aggressive treatment with methylprednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, abatacept and plasmapheresis, her troponins and pro-BNP were reduced, but clinically she deteriorated and her life could not be saved. We present this case report to increase awareness of the condition and to raise discussion about the role of routine baseline assessments to aid early diagnosis and anti-inflammatory treatment to prevent treatment-related deaths.
Draft genome assembly of the biofuel grass crop Miscanthus sacchariflorus
Authors: De Vega Jose , Donnison Iain , Dyer Sarah , Farrar Kerrie 
Published: January 2021

Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. is a highly productive C4 perennial rhizomatous biofuel grass crop. M. sacchariflorus is among the most widely distributed species in the genus, particularly at cold northern latitudes, and is one of the progenitor species of the commercial M. × giganteus genotypes. We generated a 2.54 Gb whole-genome assembly of the diploid M. sacchariflorus cv. “Robustus 297” genotype, which represented ~59% of the expected total genome size. We later anchored this assembly using the chromosomes from the M. sinensis genome to generate a second assembly with improved contiguity. We annotated 86,767 and 69,049 protein-coding genes in the unanchored and anchored assemblies, respectively. We estimated our assemblies included ~85% of the M. sacchariflorus genes based on homology and core markers. The utility of the new reference for genomic studies was evidenced by a 99% alignment rate of the RNA-seq reads from the same genotype. The raw data, unanchored and anchored assemblies, and respective gene annotations are publicly available.
Designing Context-Based Marketing: Product Recommendations Under Time Pressure
Authors: Kawaguchi Kohei , Uetake Kosuke , Watanabe Yasutora 
Published: January 2021

We study how to design product recommendations when consumers’ attention and utility are influenced by time pressure—a prominent example of the context effect—and menu characteristics, such as the number of recommended products in the assortment. Using unique data on consumer purchases from vending machines on train platforms in Tokyo, we develop and estimate a structural consideration set model in which time pressure and recommendations can influence attention and utility. We find that time pressure reduces consumer attention but increases utility. Time pressure moderates the effect of recommendations for the attention of both recommended and nonrecommended products and utility for recommended products. Moreover, the number of total recommendations increases consumer attention in general, but in a diminishing way. In our counterfactual simulations, we find that the revenue-maximizing number of recommendations decreases with time pressure and that optimizing recommending products to accommodate time pressure by a greedy algorithm increases total sales volume by 3.7% relative to the actual policy, 0.6% points more than traditional consumer-segment-based targeting policy. This effect is larger than 10% price discounts, which increases the revenue only by 0.4% at the margin. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
THE COMPOSITION AND CONTENT OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN THE LEAVES OF A POTENTIALLY INVA-SIVE SPECIES PHYSOCARPUS OPULIFOLIUS (L.) MAXIM. AND ITS ORNAMENTAL CULTIVARS
Authors: Belanova Anastasiya Petrovna , Kostikova Vera Andreyevna , Vysochina Galina Ivanovna 
Published: January 2021

The expansion of alien plant species in natural communities is now taking a global scale. Since most invasive plants have economically valuable properties, many researchers agree that these plants must be used as new sources of biological resources. The composition and content of biologically active compounds were studied in the leaves of potentially invasive species of Novosibirsk – Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. and its ornamental cultivars Ph. opulifolius ‘Diabolo’, Ph. opulifolius ‘Luteus’ by the method of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. For the first time an analysis of phenolic profiles of introduced, self-sown and cultivated Ph. opulifolius plants has been performed. Presence of 22 phenolic compounds represented by several groups of substances with predominating flavanols (hyperoside, rutin, astragalin and quercetin) has been established. Avicularin has been only revealed in the leaves of cultivars. The sum of identified flavonols greatly varies in different samples, the highest content is in the cultivar Ph. opulifolius ‘Diabolo’ (14.68 mg/g) and self-sown plants of Ph. opulifolius (14.22 mg/g). The content of the sum of identified flavons (vitexin, isovitexin, baicalin) and phenolic acid (сhlorogenic and caffeic acids) is almost the same in all Ph. opulifolius samples under study. The data obtained will allow to widen the idea of the resource potential of the aggressive invasive species and its ornamental cultivars in the secondary areal.
INFLUENCE OF THE BIOSORBENT "UNISORB-BIO" MODIFIED BY WASTE PAPER ON THE SOWING QUALITIES OF PINK CLOVER IN THE CONDITIONS OF OIL POLLUTION
Authors: Ryazanova Tat'yana Vasil'yevna , Fedorova Ol'ga Semenovna 
Published: January 2021

The article uses the example of artificially polluted soil to consider the effect of urea sorbent-a biological product "Unisorb-Bio" modified by waste paper on the biodegradation of oil with subsequent phyto-control of the soil by a test culture of pink-Swedish clover (Trifolium hybridum).
It is shown that during 18 weeks of exposure "Unisorb-Bio" with immobilized on it the oil-oxidizing strains of Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus subtilis, the oil content in the soil decreased by 10 times, which is on an order of magnitude higher to comparison with the control. High seeding qualities (germination energy, seed germination – 82%) are observed when using "Unisorb-Bio" modified waste paper from newsprint in conditions of 10% initial soil contamination, with a content of nitrophosca 0.05%.
In the soil with" Unisorb-Bio "modified waste paper from the paper "Snegurochka" the indicators are lower by 17–20% than in the soil samples with biologics product modified by waste paper from newsprint, which is probably perhaps is bound up with more the greater destructibility of the latter under these conditions and an increase of mobile forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil.
The results of phytocontrol (germination energy, seed germination-52%) indicate a relatively good level of soil recovery with 15% initial contamination and almost independent of the type of biological product. The observed seeding quality and morphophysiological indicators give reason to conclude that the "Unisorb-Bio" biological product modified with waste paper is able to restore the soil even with a high level of contamination within one season.
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Drives the Prioritization of Self-Associated Stimuli in Working Memory
Authors: Yin Shouhang , Bi Taiyong , Chen Antao , Egner Tobias 
Published: January 2021

Humans show a pervasive bias for processing self- over other-related information, including in working memory (WM), where people prioritize the maintenance of self- (over other-) associated cues. To elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying this self-bias, we paired a self- versus other-associated spatial WM task with fMRI and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of human participants of both sexes. Maintaining self- (over other-) associated cues resulted in enhanced activity in classic WM regions (frontoparietal cortex), and in superior multivoxel pattern decoding of the cue locations from visual cortex. Moreover, ventromedial PFC (VMPFC) displayed enhanced functional connectivity with WM regions during maintenance of self-associated cues, which predicted individuals' behavioral self-prioritization effects. In a follow-up tDCS experiment, we targeted VMPFC with excitatory (anodal), inhibitory (cathodal), or sham tDCS. Cathodal tDCS eliminated the self-prioritization effect. These findings provide strong converging evidence for a causal role of VMPFC in driving self-prioritization effects in WM and provide a unique window into the interaction between social, self-referential processing and high-level cognitive control processes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPeople have a strong tendency to attend to self-related stimuli, such as their names. This self-bias extends to the automatic prioritization of arbitrarily self-associated stimuli held in working memory. Since working memory is central to high-level cognition, this bias could influence how we make decisions. It is therefore important to understand the underlying brain mechanisms. Here, we used neuroimaging and noninvasive neurostimulation techniques to show that the source of self-bias in working memory is the ventromedial PFC, which modulates activity in frontoparietal brain regions to produce prioritized representations of self-associated stimuli in sensory cortex. This work thus reveals a brain circuit underlying the socially motivated (self-referential) biasing of high-level cognitive processing.
ETIKA BISNIS ISLAM PADA PERILAKU PEMASARAN DAN KEPUASAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Ramdania Wida 
Published: January 2021

Marketing ethics are an integral part of the Islamic economic system which deals with values that can influence consumer behavior. This study aims to discuss the relationship between ethical concepts of marketing behavior and consumer satisfaction from an Islamic economic perspective. To reconstruct the substantive relationship between ethical concepts of marketing behavior and consumer satisfaction, the literature review analysis method is used in examining secondary sources such as the Qur'anic Tafsir, hadith, journal articles, books, and several other relevant sources. The study results found that ethical marketing behavior in Islam is believed to be conceptually related to customer satisfaction so that it can affect business development. Ethics of marketing behavior and consumer satisfaction must be considered so that the company can face competition, maintains the existence and continuity of its business so that it can provide added value and the highest satisfaction for the company, consumers, and all elements of stakeholders.
Identification of temperature anomalies in the western Caspian Sea in 2017 based on remote sensing data
Authors: Bagomaev A. A. , Guseynova N. O. 
Published: January 2021

Aim. The study of temperature anomalies in the western Caspian Sea based on space imagery materials in order to detect upwelling phenomena.Materials and Methods. We used temperature indicators of seawater for the summer season of 2017 when a sharp decrease by more than 2 °C in average daily temperature occurred. Space images were obtained from the specialized centres of Ocean Color NASA, Earth Science Data Systems NASA and SATIN. Remote sensing data were processed using SeaDAS and ArcGIS programs. Ground data were obtained from the resources of the Unified State System of Information about the Situation in the World Ocean (ESIMO). An ArcGIS database was created and maps compiled.Results. The first upwelling occurred on 9-17 June 2020. The minimum water temperature in the Makhachkala area was 14°C with an increase in salinity to 12%o over an area of 1,500 sq.km. An increase in the content of dissolved oxygen of up to 9.70 mg/l and pH 8.64 was recorded. A second upwelling of medium intensity occurred from 19 June-July 1 with a minimum temperature of 17.9C. The decrease in temperature was 2.8°C with an increase in salinity by 1%o. The surface area was 454 sq.km. A third case of upwelling was recorded from 26 August-September 1 and was characterised by a decrease in water temperature of 7.4C (near the coast, 17.1°C). The average salinity increase was 0.32%o while the 02 concentration was 8 mg/l over an area of 500 sq.km.Conclusion. Due to its large size, the Caspian Sea is characterised by spatial inhomogeneity of oceanological parameters, which can be recorded based on the results of processing satellite images and their verification using ground data. In the western part of the sea the upwelling is periodic and of different scales.
Antibiotic allergy as a cause of hospitalization in adults: a hospital-based study in Ukraine
Authors: Horodnycha Oksana , Zimenkovsky Andriy 
Published: January 2021

Background: Antibiotic allergy is an important clinical and social-economical issue.
Objective: The main objectives of this study were to determine the incidence, causative drugs, and risk groups of antibiotic allergy as a reason for hospitalization. The secondary objective was to evaluate the treatment of antibiotic allergy through the identification of drug related problems (DRPs).
Methods: This retrospective hospital-based study was carried out in one of Lviv city hospitals (Ukraine) from January 2015 to December 2017. Patients with antibiotic allergy as a cause for hospitalization were included in this study.
Results: In this study the incidence of antibiotic allergy was 2.0% (95%СI 1.6:2.4) of all admissions to the Unit that provides special medical care for adult inpatients with allergy diseases and allergy reactions. The mean age of patients was 48.5 years (SD=17.0; range 18-83 years) with female predominance (78.2%; 95%СI 68.9:85.2). Antibiotic hypersensitivity reactions manifested as urticaria with angioedema (52.5%; 95%СI 42.3:62.5), urticaria (36.6%; 95%СI 27.8:46.8) or angioedema (10.9%; 95%СI 5.6:18.7). Beta-lactams (48.5%; 95%СI 38.5:58.7), fluoroquinolones (13.9%; 95%СI 7.8%:22.2%) and macrolides (7.9%; 95%СI 3.5:15.0) were specified as the main causative drugs. All patients during hospitalization (a mean of 8.2 days; SD=2.2; range 2-13 days) took at least 3 medicines (a mean of 5.4 medicines per patient; SD=1.2; range 3-12 medicines). The total number of identified DRPs was 400, a mean of 4.0 DRPs per patient (SD=1.8). The most frequently identified type of DRPs was inappropriate route of drug administration (25.0%; 95%СI 20.8:29.5). This was followed by duplicate prescriptions (23.5%; 95%СI 19.4:28.0) and insufficient frequency of drug administration (19.0%; 95%СI 15.3:23.2). Potential drug-drug interactions and inappropriate drug prescriptions each accounted for 16.0% (95% СI 12.6:20.0) of all DRPs. Comparing all above items in 2015, 2016 and 2017 showed no statistically significant changes (p˃0.05).
Conclusions: Antibiotic allergy is a common reason for admissions. The treatment of antibiotic allergy is associated with numerous DRPs. Our results could be useful for development of strategies for improving the safety and quality of pharmacotherapy.
Information on antibiotics in an Indonesian hospital outpatient setting: What is provided by pharmacy staff and recalled by patients?
Authors: Naurita Melani , Wibowo Yosi I. , Setiadi Adji P. , Setiawan Eko , Halim Steven V. , Sunderland Bruce 
Published: January 2021

Background: The provision of information by pharmacy staff is a key factor to ensure patients’ understanding and quality use of medications, including antibiotics. However, little is known regarding the transmission of information between pharmacy staff and patients in Indonesia.
Objective: This study aimed to identify information on antibiotics provided by pharmacy staff and recalled by patients in an Indonesian outpatient setting.
Methods: The study was conducted in a hospital outpatient clinic in Malang, Indonesia, in 2019. A checklist was used to obtain the data on information provided by pharmacy staff, while interviews were conducted to determine information recalled by patients (only presenting patients were included); a total of 15 information items – i.e. 14 essential and one secondary – were observed. Descriptive analysis was used to summarise data on the checklists (‘given’ versus ‘not given’) as well as responses from the interviews (‘recalled’ versus ‘missed’).
Results: Eleven pharmacy staff (two pharmacists and nine pharmacy technicians) were involved in providing information for patients obtaining oral antibiotics during the study period. Of 14 essential information items, only about half was given by pharmacy staff, with pharmacists significantly providing on average more information items than pharmacy technicians (7.96 versus 7.67 respectively; p<0.001). The most frequently information items provided (>90%) included “antibiotic identification”, “indication”, administration directions (i.e. “dosage”, “frequency”, “hour of administration”, “administration before/after meal”, “route of administration”), and “duration of use”. A total of 230 patients consented to the study, giving 79.9% response rate. The average number of information items recalled by patients was 7.09 (SD 1.45). Almost all patients could recall information on administration directions [i.e. “route of administration” (97.0%), “frequency” (95.2%), “dosage” (92.6%), “hour of administration” (85.7%), “administration before/after meal” (89.1%)] and “duration of use” (90.9%). Fewer patients were able to recall “antibiotic identification” (76.5%) and “indication” (77.0%).
Conclusions: Pharmacy staff provided antibiotic information in a limited fashion, while patients showed adequate ability to recall the information given to them. Further study is needed to better understand the effective process of information transmission between pharmacy staff and patients, especially if more information was provided, to better optimise the use of antibiotics in outpatient settings in Indonesia.