bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of short-term high tryptophan diet fed to sows on their subsequent piglet behavior
Authors: Lay Donald C , Enneking Stacey A , Anderson Nichole C , Richert Brian T , Sapkota Avi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHousing sows in groups create the challenge of decreasing fighting amongst sows. One proposed method to do so is to feed a high tryptophan diet, but the effect on the fetus is unknown. To investigate this, 66 sows were fed one of three diets: Control (0.14% SID tryptophan), Medium (0.28% SID tryptophan), or High (0.42% SID tryptophan), from days 28 to 35 of gestation. Sows gestated in standard gestation stalls. Blood samples were taken on day 27 prior to and on day 35 after tryptophan supplementation. On days 1, 2, and 3, nursing bouts were observed so as to record disputes and displacements from teat competition. The piglets’ activity and fighting were recorded on days 3, 7, and 11 from 0700 to 1700 h. On day 12, four piglets per litter were blood sampled: two to be used in later behavior tests and two to act as controls for blood cortisol levels. On day 14, the two behavior test piglets from each litter were subjected to a 10-min Isolation Test and 5-min Human Approach Test. On day 15, the behavior test piglets were paired by sex and treatment (for example, a male Medium piglet paired with another male Medium piglet from a different crate) and each pair was subjected to a 10-min Social Challenge Test and immediately blood sampled. Piglet cortisol and serotonin did not differ among treatments (P &gt; 0.10). There were no differences (P &gt; 0.10) for number born (12.7 ± 0.4), born alive (11.7 ± 0.4), or mortality (1.1 ± 0.2). Behavior during nursing bouts was similar, with no treatment differences in number of disputes or displacements, and similar bout lengths among treatments (199.5 ± 4.6 s, P &gt; 0.10). No differences were detected for any of the variables for Isolation or the Human Approach Tests (P &gt; 0.10). During the Social Challenge Test, High piglets had more contacts approaching the head of the companion piglet than did either Medium or Control piglets (14.3 ± 1.1, 10.7 ± 1.1, and 9.69 ± 0.8, respectively, P &lt; 0.02). Total number of aggressive interactions during the test tended to be greater for Medium piglets compared to High piglets (9.3 ± 1.5 vs 5.1 ± 0.9, P &lt; 0.07). Time budget data of the litter indicate that piglets from all three treatments spent equal amounts of time active and inactive (P &gt; 0.10). Aggression was low with 0.3 ± 0.04% of piglets displaying aggressive behavior. Feeding high concentrations of tryptophan for a short duration early in gestation does not have a negative impact on sows’ subsequent offspring.
Transcriptome‐based insights into gene networks controlling myopia prevention
Authors: Karouta Cindy , Kucharski Robert , Hardy Kristine , Thomson Kate , Maleszka Ryszard , Morgan Ian , Ashby Regan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMyopia (short‐sightedness), usually caused by excessive elongation of the eye during development, has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. In animal systems including the chicken model, several treatments have been shown to inhibit ocular elongation and experimental myopia. Although diverse in their apparent mechanism of action, each one leads to a reduction in the rate of ocular growth. We hypothesize that a defined set of retinal molecular changes may underlie growth inhibition, irrespective of the treatment agent used. Accordingly, across five well‐established but diverse methods of inhibiting myopia, significant overlap is seen in the retinal transcriptome profile (transcript levels and alternative splicing events) in chicks when analyzed by RNA‐seq. Within the two major pathway networks enriched during growth inhibition, that of cell signaling and circadian entrainment, transcription factors form the largest functional grouping. Importantly, a large percentage of those genes forming the defined retinal response are downstream targets of the transcription factor EGR1 which itself shows a universal response to all five growth‐inhibitory treatments. This supports EGR1's previously implicated role in ocular growth regulation. Finally, by contrasting our data with human linkage and GWAS studies on refractive error, we confirm the applicability of our study to the human condition. Together, these findings suggest that a universal set of transcriptome changes, which sit within a well‐defined retinal network that cannot be bypassed, is fundamental to growth regulation, thus paving a way for designing novel targets for myopia therapies.
Isolation of human fibroadipogenic progenitors and satellite cells from frozen muscle biopsies
Authors: Suárez‐Calvet Xavier , Fernández‐Simón Esther , Piñol‐Jurado Patricia , Alonso‐Pérez Jorge , Carrasco‐Rozas Ana , Lleixà Cinta , López‐Fernández Susana , Pons Gemma , Soria Laura , Bigot Anne , Mouly Vincent , Illa Isabel , Gallardo Eduard , Jaiswal Jyoti K. , Díaz‐Manera Jordi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSkeletal muscle contains multiple cell types that work together to maintain tissue homeostasis. Among these, satellite cells (SC) and fibroadipogenic progenitors cells (FAPs) are the two main stem cell pools. Studies of these cells using animal models have shown the importance of interactions between these cells in repair of healthy muscle, and degeneration of dystrophic muscle. Due to the unavailability of fresh patient muscle biopsies, similar analysis of interactions between human FAPs and SCs is limited especially among the muscular dystrophy patients. To address this issue here we describe a method that allows the use of frozen human skeletal muscle biopsies to simultaneously isolate and grow SCs and FAPs from healthy or dystrophic patients. We show that while the purified SCs differentiate into mature myotubes, purified FAPs can differentiate into adipocytes or fibroblasts demonstrating their multipotency. We find that these FAPs can be immortalized and the immortalized FAPs (iFAPs) retain their multipotency. These approaches open the door for carrying out personalized analysis of patient FAPs and interactions with the SCs that lead to muscle loss.
PARP1 rs1136410 (A/G) polymorphism is associated with early age of onset of gallbladder cancer
Authors: Anjali Kumari , Singh Deepika , Kumar Puneet , Kumar Tarun , Narayan Gopeshwar , Singh Sunita 
Published: August 2021

Objectives
Evaluation of the association of PARP1 rs1136410 (A/G) polymorphism with gallbladder cancer susceptibility and its prognosis in the Indian population of eastern Uttar Pradesh and western Bihar.

Methods
PARP1 rs1136410 was genotyped by PCR-RFLP and its association with the prognosis of gallbladder cancer patients were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier plot and log-rank tests.

Results
Our results demonstrate that minor allele G is more frequent in gallbladder cancer patients than controls. The frequencies of minor allele G and GG genotype are significantly associated with increased risk of gallbladder cancer. Our data suggest that the minor allele G and homozygous genotype GG are significant predisposing factors for the early age of onset of gallbladder cancer. Similarly, women patients having AG and GG genotypes demonstrate an increased risk of gallbladder cancer. The risk group genotypes (AG + GG) are significantly more frequent in patients with thick gallbladder wall, with jaundice and with the presence of lymph node than in patients with normal gallbladder wall thickness, without jaundice and absence of lymph node involvement. Survival analysis data suggest that patients with risk group genotype (AG + GG) presenting jaundice have shorter overall survival.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that the minor allele G of PARP1 rs1136410 (A/G) is a predisposing factor for gallbladder carcinogenesis and is significantly associated with early onset of the disease. Interestingly, the minor allele G is significantly more frequent in the patients with jaundice, lymph node metastasis and gallbladder wall thickness.
Optimal Sampling Strategy and Threshold of Serum Vancomycin Concentration in Elderly Japanese Patients Undergoing High-Flux Hemodialysis
Authors: Ogawa Akio , Hira Daiki , Tsujimoto Masayuki , Nishiguchi Kohshi , Endo Masanori , Ono Toshiaki , Hatta Tsuguru , Terada Tomohiro , Morita Shin-ya 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The optimal sampling points and thresholds for initial serum vancomycin (VCM) concentrations have not been determined in hemodialysis (HD) patients. To clarify this, multiple blood tests were performed, and the correlations between VCM concentrations at several sampling points and the area under the concentration–time curve for 24 hours (AUC24h) were analyzed.

Methods:
A single-center, prospective observational study was conducted. Patients with end-stage renal failure who received VCM treatment while undergoing chronic maintenance HD were enrolled in this study. HD was performed using a high-flux membrane as the dialyzer. After VCM administration, 7 points were sampled between the first and second HD. The AUC24h after the end of the first HD (AUC0–24) and that before the end of the second HD (AUC24–48) were calculated using the linear trapezoidal method. Correlation analysis and simple regression analysis between AUC24h and serum concentrations were performed at each sampling point.

Results:
Nine patients were evaluated. Strong correlations were found between AUC24–48 and serum concentrations at 24 hours after the initiation of VCM treatment following the first HD (C24h, R = 0.983 and P < 0.001), between AUC0–24 and C24h (R = 0.967 and P < 0.001), and between AUC24–48 and serum concentration just before the second HD (Cpre(HD2), R = 0.965 and P < 0.001). Regression equations with high coefficients of determination (R
2 > 0.9) were obtained, and a C24h of ≥18.0 mg/L and a Cpre(HD2) of ≥16.5 mg/L were required to achieve an AUC24–48 value of ≥400 mg·h/L. In addition, a C24h of ≤23.3 mg/L was estimated to satisfy the AUC0–24 range of ≤600 mg·h/L.

Conclusions:
C24h and Cpre(HD2) are optimal sampling points for predicting VCM-AUC24h in HD patients.
Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Lacrimal Sac With Associated Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis
Authors: Lee Christine M. , Asilnejad Brenda , Cohen Liza M. , Roelofs Kelsey A. , Rootman Daniel B. , Khanlou Negar , Pullarkat Sheeja T. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To report a rare case of crystal-storing histiocytosis associated with solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the lacrimal sac and to review literature on the 2 entities to summarize important diagnostic, management, and prognostic considerations.

Methods:
A case report of the ophthalmologic presentation, pathology workup, and oncologic management is presented. Literature search with focus on lesions occurring in ophthalmic sites and management guidelines from expert panels and working groups.

Results:
Crystal-storing histiocytosis associated with solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma arose within the lacrimal sac of a previously healthy middle-aged woman and presented as a painless nodule with epiphora. The biopsy tissue showed sheets of crystal-filled histiocytes, interspersed with monoclonal plasma cells and rarely demonstrated plasma cell phagocytosis. Imaging and laboratory studies confirmed the localized nature.

Conclusions:
Crystal-storing histiocytosis is an uncommon entity in which crystals, most commonly arising from altered immunoglobulins, aggregate within histiocytes and form symptomatic mass lesions. It has been reported in ophthalmic regions in patients with a concurrent lymphoproliferative or plasma cell disorder and can rarely predate a malignancy. The current case is notable because crystal-storing histiocytosis occurs with a localized process, solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma, and presents in an unusual site, the lacrimal sac. Tissue biopsy with multimodal pathological evaluation is necessary to make the diagnosis. Ophthalmologists should recognize that crystal-storing histiocytosis is commonly associated with a hematologic malignancy and, when appropriate, refer the patient for oncologic management. Surveillance may be indicated in cases with no established etiology. Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma should also be monitored, as a proportion of cases progress to multiple myeloma.
A prospective, randomized study assessing different modalities for flushing totally implanted vascular access device in children with malignancy
Authors: Hsieh Hsiang-Chen , Hung Shu-Chen , Huang Sheng-Yang , Huang Fang-Liang , Chou Chia-Man 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The totally implanted vascular access device (TIVAD) is commonly used in patients with malignant tumors requiring chemotherapy or long-term intravenous infusion and those with difficulty placing peripheral venous catheters. It could also be used to draw blood in pediatric patients. Thus, how to maintain the patency and longevity of TIVAD is always emphasized.

Methods:
In this prospective study, TIVAD was randomly infused in patients under 18 years with three different concentrations of heparinized solutions: 10 mL with 100 U/mL heparin, 20 mL with 10 U/mL heparin, and 30 mL with 10 U/mL heparin.

Results:
A total of 81 patients (46 males and 35 females) were enrolled in this study from August 2, 2013 to February 1, 2017. The mean age of those who received TIVAD implantation was 7.2 ± 5.3 years, and the mean duration of using TIVAD was 1027.6 ± 369.1 days. Patients without catheter occlusion events experienced significantly shorter hospitalizations, fewer admissions, and fewer punctures than those with catheter occlusion events (p < 0.05). The administration and frequency of blood transfusions, history of bacteremia, and medication history did not increase the risk of catheter occlusion, but puncture frequency increased this risk. In patients with catheter occlusion events (38/81, 46.9%), catheter patency was restored after instillation of urokinase solution.

Conclusion:
In this study, the risk of TIVAD catheter occlusion was only related to puncture frequency regardless of the heparin flush composition or patient characteristics. A high puncture frequency of TIVAD during the 3.5-year study period significantly increased the risk of catheter occlusion. Besides, flushing and locking solutions for TIVAD using heparin at 10 U/mL was effective as using heparin at 100 U/mL regardless of the flushing volume of 10, 20, or 30 mL.
Multiple gastric artery aneurysms managed by transcatheter arterial embolization
Authors: Yang Junlin , Cai Wu , Fan Guohua , Zhai Duchang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Visceral artery aneurysms are very rare and carry a high risk of mortality. Gastric artery aneurysms (GAAs) account for less than 4% of visceral artery aneurysms. When the aneurysm ruptures, patients can present with epigastric pain, hematemesis, hematochezia, vomiting, hypotension, shock and other clinical manifestations.

Patient concerns:
We report a case of a 69-year-old man who presented with sudden abdominal pain, hypotension and melena.

Diagnoses:
Digestive tract hemorrhage secondary to one rupturing aneurysmamong three Gastric artery aneurysms.

Interventions:
Transcatheter arterial embolization with Gelatin Sponge Particle Embolic Agent, Glubran and an Embolization Microcoil was conducted to occlude the blood flow to the three GAAs.

Outcomes:
The patient returned safely to the ward without apparent complications and was discharged after eight days of hospitalization. At the 4-month follow-up, his condition remained stable, and there were no complications or symptoms observed.

Lessons:
Multiple GAAs are extremely rare and should be treated immediately. Transcatheter arterial embolization is the treatment for this rare lesion. Timely recognition and immediate treatment for ruptured GAAs usually results in a good prognosis.
Dynamic Contrast Magnetic Resonance Lymphangiography Localizes Lymphatic Leak to the Duodenum in Protein‐Losing Enteropathy
Authors: Brownell Jefferson N. , Biko David M. , Mamula Petar , Krishnamurthy Ganesh , Escobar Fernando , Srinivasan Abhay , Laje Pablo , Piccoli David A. , Pinto Erin , Smith Christopher L. , Dori Yoav 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTObjectives:Protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE) is a disorder of intestinal lymphatic flow resulting in leakage of protein‐rich lymph into the gut lumen. Our primary aim was to report the imaging findings of dynamic contrast magnetic resonance lymphangiography (DCMRL) in patients with PLE. Our secondary objective was to use these imaging findings to characterize lymphatic phenotypes.Methods:Single‐center retrospective cohort study of patients with PLE unrelated to single‐ventricle circulation who underwent DCMRL. We report imaging findings of intranodal (IN), intrahepatic (IH), and intramesenteric (IM) access points for DCMRL.Results:Nineteen patients 0.3–58 years of age (median 1.2 years) underwent 29 DCMRL studies. Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) was the most common referring diagnosis (42%). Other etiologies included constrictive pericarditis, thoracic insufficiency syndrome, and genetic disorders. IN‐DCMRL demonstrated a normal central lymphatic system in all patients with an intact thoracic duct and localized duodenal leak in one patient (1/19, 5%). IH‐DCMRL detected a duodenal leak in 12 of 17 (71%), and IM‐DCMRL detected duodenal leak in 5 of 6 (83%). Independent of etiology, lymphatic leak was only visualized in the duodenum.Conclusions:In patients with PLE, imaging via DCMRL reveals that leak is localized to the duodenum regardless of etiology. Comprehensive imaging evaluation with three access points can provide detailed information about the site of duodenal leak.
Predictors of Attempted Suicide Among Youth Living With Perinatal HIV Infection and Perinatal HIV-Exposed Uninfected Counterparts
Authors: Kreniske Philip , Mellins Claude Ann , Dolezal Curtis , Morrison Corey , Shea Eileen , Fisher Prudence W. , Kluisza Luke , Robbins Reuben N. , Nguyen Nadia , Leu Cheng-Shiun , Wiznia Andrew , Abrams Elaine J. 
Published: August 2021

Background:Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults (AYA). AYA living with perinatally acquired HIV infection (AYALPHIV) are at higher risk of attempted suicide when compared with AYA who were perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (AYAPHEU). To inform interventions, we identified risk and protective factors of attempted suicide among AYALPHIV and AYAPHEU.Setting:Data were obtained from a longitudinal New York City–based study of AYALPHIV and AYAPHEU (n = 339; enrollment age 9–16 years) interviewed approximately every 12–18 months.Method:Our main outcome was suicide attempt at any follow-up. The DISC was used to assess psychiatric disorder diagnoses and attempted suicide and the Child Depression Inventory to assess depressive symptoms. Psychosocial and sociodemographic risk factors were also measured. Analyses used backward stepwise logistic regression modeling.Results:At enrollment, 51% was female individuals, 49% Black, 40% Latinx, and 11% both Black and Latinx. Attempted suicide prevalence was significantly higher among AYALPHIV compared with AYAPHEU (27% vs 16%,P= 0.019), with AYALPHIV having 2.21 times the odds of making an attempt [95% confidence interval: (1.18 to 4.12),P= 0.013]. Higher Child Depression Inventory scores were associated with an increased risk of attempted suicide in both groups and the total sample. The presence of DISC-defined behavior disorder increased the risk of attempted suicide in the total sample and the AYALPHIV subgroup. Religiosity was protective of attempted suicide in AYALPHIV.Conclusions:AYALPHIV had increased suicide attempts compared with AYAPHEU. Religiosity was protective in AYALPHIV. Highlighting a need for prevention, early mental health challenges were associated with risk.
Computed Tomography–Determined Body Composition Abnormalities Usefully Predict Long-term Mortality in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Cho Young Seo , Lee Ha Young , Jeong Jae Yoon , Lee Jae Gon , Kim Tae Yeob , Nam Seong Woo , Sohn Joo Hyun 
Published: August 2021

Objective
We evaluated the prognostic impacts of body composition components measured by computed tomography (CT) in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Methods
A total of 160 cirrhotic patients who underwent CT and hepatic venous pressure gradient measurements were retrospectively enrolled. Cross-sectional areas of skeletal muscle, visceral and subcutaneous fat, and mean CT attenuation of trabecular bone of the fourth lumbar vertebral level (L4HU) were measured.

Results
Multivariate analysis showed model for end-stage liver disease score [hazard ratio (HR), 1.086; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.020–1.156; P = 0.010], hepatic venous pressure gradient (HR, 1.076; 95% CI, 1.021–1.135; P = 0.006), sarcopenia (HR, 1.890; 95% CI, 1.032–3.462; P = 0.039), and L4HU (HR, 1.960 for L4HU <145 Hounsfield units; 95% CI, 1.094–3.512; P = 0.024) were independently associated with long-term mortality. In patients with decompensated cirrhosis, subcutaneous adipose tissue index was the only independent predictor (HR, 0.984; 95% CI, 0.969–0.999; P = 0.039).

Conclusion
Body composition abnormalities determined by CT are associated with long-term prognosis in cirrhotic patients.
Feasibility of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Imaging of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents and Its Application in Computed Tomography Cystography: An Exploratory Study to Assess an Alternative Option When Iodinated Contrast Agents Are Contraindicated
Authors: Nogel Stephen J. , Ren Liqiang , Yu Lifeng , Takahashi Naoki , Froemming Adam T. 
Published: August 2021

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the contrast enhancement differences between gadolinium-based and iodine-based contrast agents at different single-energy tube potentials and dual-energy–based virtual monochromatic energies. In addition, we describe the application of a gadolinium-based contrast agent in computed tomography (CT) cystography for a patient with contraindications to iodine.

Methods
A phantom study was performed using 3 iodine samples (concentrations: 5, 10, and 15 mgI/mL) and 3 gadolinium samples (concentrations: 3.3, 6.6, and 9.9 mgGd/mL). The prepared phantom was scanned by a dual-energy CT (DECT) at 80, 100, 120, and 140 kV in the single-energy mode and at 100/Sn140 kV in the dual-energy mode. Virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) at 50 keV were generated from the DECT scan. In addition, a DECT cystogram was performed using a gadolinium-based contrast agent in a patient with contraindications to iodinated contrast.

Results
Strong linear correlations between mean signal of contrast enhancement and mass concentration were found for both iodine and gadolinium samples across all single-energy CT (SECT) and DECT scan conditions. The VMI at 50 keV provided the highest contrast enhancement for both types of contrast samples at each concentration level, and single-energy CT scans at low-energy beams showed higher contrast enhancement than higher beam energies. In addition, the contrast enhancement for pure gadolinium solution was constantly higher than pure iodine solution at an identical mass concentration level. The DECT cystogram was performed with excellent technical success. The urinary bladder was appropriately distended with intravesical contrast measuring 606 Hounsfield units and no evidence of bladder leak or fistula.

Conclusions
Imaging of gadolinium-based contrast agents is improved using a DECT technique, with VMI at 50 keV providing the highest contrast enhancement among our tested parameters. Dual-energy CT cystography using a gadolinium-based agent can be a safe and effective alternative when iodinated agents are contraindicated.