bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic efficacy of arthroscopy-assisted transosseous fixation with the Versalok suture anchor for tibial eminence fractures in adults
Authors: She Yuanshi , Guo Dongsheng , Chen Guangxiang , Xu Youjia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To investigate the clinical outcomes of arthroscopy-assisted transosseous fixation of tibial eminence fractures with the Versalok suture anchor in adults.
A total of 23 adult cases of tibial eminence fractures treated between June 2016 and March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The results of the preoperative drawer test and Lachman test were positive. Radiography and computed tomography were performed before and after the procedure. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in every patient after admission. Arthroscopy-assisted fracture reduction and Orthocord high-strength suture fixation with two Versalok anchors were performed in all the patients. The International Knee Documentation Committee scale and the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale were used to evaluate outcomes during the follow-up period. Additionally, the KT-2000 knee stability test was performed.
At the final follow-up, all the fractures had proceeded to bony union and no wound infection was observed. The average Lysholm Knee Score of the affected knees was 93.1 (range, 90–98), which was not significantly different from that of the healthy knees (t = 0.732, P = .132). Based on the International Knee Documentation Committee scale results, 21 patients were graded as normal and the other 2 patients were graded as nearly normal. The KT-2000 test showed that the anterior displacement of the affected side and the healthy side was less than 3.6 mm in all cases.
The outcomes indicated firm fixation and good fracture healing with minimal trauma. Thus, arthroscopy-assisted transosseous fixation with Versalok suture anchors for adult tibial eminence fractures seems to have satisfactory clinical outcomes.
The therapeutic effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and metformin on polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Ma Ruilin , Ding Xuesong , Wang Yanfang , Deng Yan , Sun Aijun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background:
Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which contribute to reproductive and metabolic abnormalities. Metformin increases insulin sensitivity, but it is associated with unsatisfied benefits of weight loss. Recent studies have reported that glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists improve IR and reduce weight in women with PCOS. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effects between GLP-1 receptor agonists and metformin, and between GLP-1 receptor agonist-metformin combination and GLP-1 receptor agonists in overweight/obese women with PCOS on anthropometric, metabolic, reproductive outcomes.

Methods:
Databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were selected to search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English up to March 2020. Eligible studies were identified according to the inclusion criteria. The primary outcomes included menstrual frequency, body mass index (BMI), total testosterone, and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. GRADE criteria were implemented to assess the quality of evidence for primary outcomes.

Results:
Seven RCTs were selected for analysis, comprising 464 overweight/obese women with PCOS. In the low-quality evidence, a meta-analysis demonstrated that GLP-1 receptor agonists showed better effects relative to metformin on the reduction of body mass index (mean difference − 1.72; 95% confidence interval −2.46 to −0.99, P < .001) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (standard mean difference −0.37; 95% confidence interval − 0.60,− 0.15, P = .001). Moreover, the combination therapy exhibited similar effects on primary outcomes relative to GLP-1 receptor agonist alone. GLP-1 receptor agonists were also found to be associated with lower abdominal girth compared to metformin. A meta-analysis of gastrointestinal discomfort showed no significant difference between GLP-1 receptor agonist and metformin therapies, and between the combination therapy and GLP-1 receptor agonist alone.

Conclusions:
GLP-1 receptor agonists appear to be more beneficial for weight loss and IR improvement compared to metformin for overweight/obese women with PCOS. However, the combination treatment displays comparable effects with GLP-1 receptor agonist alone. The incidence of gastrointestinal discomforts was similar in different groups. However, the quality of the body of evidence is “low.” Further prospective RCTs and cost-effectiveness analyses are also warranted to guide GLP-1 receptor agonists to treat women with PCOS.
Delayed pneumocephalus induced by repeated percutaneous aspiration after spinal surgery
Authors: Zhao Yu , Cao Liming , Sheng Qi , Liu Ruifang , Dong Gaolei , Tong Xibao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Severe tension pneumocephalus can lead to drowsiness, coma, and even brain hernia and death. The occurrence of delayed pneumocephalus after spinal surgery is rarely reported and often ignored. Herein, we report a case of delayed pneumocephalus after repeated percutaneous aspiration following spinal surgery.

Patient concerns:
A 55-year-old man was admitted in October 2020 because of aggravation in bilateral lower limb weakness and dysuria for seven days. He was diagnosed with liver cancer a year ago, and he underwent several operations because of tumor recurrence. The patient underwent thoracic vertebrae tumor excision on this admission, and no cerebrospinal fluid leakage was discovered during surgery. After the third drainage by percutaneous aspiration, the patient complained of severe headache and vomiting on postoperative day 16.

Diagnosis:
Emergency brain computed tomography revealed massive pneumocephalus.

Interventions:
Thereafter, suction drainage was discontinued, and he was placed on bed rest and administered intravenous mannitol.

Outcomes:
Repeated computed tomography showed complete resolution of the pneumocephalus after five days.

Lessons:
Wound exudates and cystic fluid after spinal surgery should be differentiated from cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Reckless percutaneous aspirations can form pneumocephalus in patients with an occult dural injury, and pneumocephalus can occur up to 16 days after surgery. Early diagnosis of pneumocephalus is crucial to avoid severe consequences.
GABAA receptor encephalitis associated with human parvovirus B19 virus infection
Authors: Valle Daniel Almeida do , Santos Mara Lúcia S. Ferreira , Spinosa Mônica J. , Telles Bruno A. , Prando Carolina , Cordeiro Mara L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Human parvovirus B19 (B19) infection can produce a spectrum of clinical syndromes, including neurological manifestations, most notably encephalitis. Although symptoms suggestive of autoimmune disease in patients with B19 infection have been previously described, a clear association of autoimmune encephalitis with B19 infection has yet to be established.

Patient concerns:
We describe the case of a 6-year-old boy who was hospitalized due to status epilepticus, which evolved to super-refractory status epilepticus that was only mildly responsive to anticonvulsant drugs.

Diagnosis:
A cerebrospinal fluid study identified slight pleocytosis and B19 positivity. A subsequent autoimmunity cerebrospinal fluid study revealed the presence of anti-γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor antibodies.

Interventions:
After pulse therapy with methylprednisolone and continuous therapy with prednisolone with cyclosporine, the patient experiencing seizure persistence with disordered motor function manifestations and only minor improvement in consciousness, and so, plasmapheresis was performed. With continued immunosuppressive treatments with cyclosporine and prednisolone, the patient's clinical picture showed progressive improvement, with good control of seizures. Although the patient tolerated withdrawal of the anticonvulsant drugs well, he developed seizures when corticosteroid therapy withdrawal was attempted, so was started on azathioprine.

Outcomes:
After immunosuppressive therapy, the patient evolved with complete remission of symptoms, normal neurological examination and age-appropriate neuropsychomotor development.

Lessons:
The present case characteristics, together with previous findings, support the hypothesis that autoimmunity may be triggered by extensive antigen release due to degeneration of infected neurons. This case highlights the importance of early clinical suspicion and treatment.
The impact of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, dyslipidaemia and lipid lowering therapy on Coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes: an examination of the available evidence
Authors: Adam Safwaan , Ho Jan Hoong , Bashir Bilal , Iqbal Zohaib , Ferdousi Maryam , Syed Akheel A. , Soran Handrean 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of review
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) has caused significant global morbidity and mortality, especially in persons with underlying cardiovascular disease. There have been concerns that lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) increases angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 levels. Conversely, pleiotropic effects of statins can theoretically protect against severe COVID19 infection, supporting evidence from other respiratory illnesses in which statin use probably confers benefit.

Recent findings
There is an abundance of studies that show that statins are safe and potentially protect against severe COVID19 infection (critical illness and death), even when adjustment for potential confounders is undertaken. However, the evidence is limited to retrospective cohorts. The benefit for patients with diabetes is less clear. There is a paucity of evidence for other LLT agents. Available clinical guidelines recommend the ongoing use of LLT in patients with COVID19 (unless specifically contra-indicated) and the data from available studies support these.

Summary
In patients with COVID19 infection, LLT should be continued. However, the current findings need substantiating in larger prospective clinical studies with specific examination of the possible mechanisms by which LLT confers benefit from COVID19.
A Comparison of 18F-PSMA-1007 and 64Cu-PSMA in 2 Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Cardoza-Ochoa David R. , Rivera-Bravo Belén 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

18F–prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) 1007 is one of the most promising radiotracers for PET imaging in prostate cancer, minimal urinary clearance, and higher spatial resolution, which are the most outstanding features. PSMA can also be labeled with 64Cu, offering a longer half-life and different resolution imaging. We present images of metastatic prostate cancer in two patients, where 64Cu-PSMA PET/CT was performed one day after 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT. In the two patients, both radiotracers provided high image quality and a similar range of detection for metastatic lesions.
Repurposing of Clinically Approved Poly-(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors for the Therapy of Sepsis
Authors: Santos Sidnéia Sousa , Brunialti Milena Karina Colo , Soriano Francisco Garcia , Szabo Csaba , Salomão Reinaldo 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Sepsis’ pathogenesis involves multiple mechanisms that lead to a dysregulation of the host's response. Significant efforts have been made in search of interventions that can reverse this situation and increase patient survival. Poly (ADP-polymerase) (PARP) is a constitutive nuclear and mitochondrial enzyme, which functions as a co-activator and co-repressor of gene transcription, thus regulating the production of inflammatory mediators. Several studies have already demonstrated an overactivation of PARP1 in various human pathophysiological conditions and that its inhibition has benefits in regulating intracellular processes. The PARP inhibitor olaparib, originally developed for cancer therapy, paved the way for the expansion of its clinical use for nononcological indications. In this review we discuss sepsis as one of the possible indications for the use of olaparib and other clinically approved PARP inhibitors as modulators of the inflammatory response and cellular dysfunction. The benefit of olaparib and other clinically approved PARP inhibitors has already been demonstrated in several experimental models of human diseases, such as neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, acute hepatitis, skeletal muscle disorders, aging and acute ischemic stroke, protecting, for example, from the deterioration of the blood–brain barrier, restoring the cellular levels of NAD+, improving mitochondrial function and biogenesis and, among other effects, reducing oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL1-β, IL-6, and VCAM1. These data demonstrated that repositioning of clinically approved PARP inhibitors may be effective in protecting against hemodynamic dysfunction, metabolic dysfunction, and multiple organ failure in patients with sepsis. Age and gender affect the response to PARP inhibitors, the mechanisms underlying the lack of many protective effects in females and aged animals should be further investigated and be cautiously considered in designing clinical trials.
Evaluating the utility of high-resolution proximity metrics in predicting the spread of COVID-19
Authors: Mehrab Zakaria , Adiga Aniruddha , Marathe Madhav V. , Venkatramanan Srinivasan , Swarup Samarth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigh resolution mobility datasets have become increasingly available in the past few years and have enabled detailed models for infectious disease spread including those for COVID-19. However, there are open questions on how such a mobility data can be used effectively within epidemic models and for which tasks they are best suited. In this paper, we extract a number of graph-based proximity metrics from high resolution cellphone trace data from X-Mode and use it to study COVID-19 epidemic spread in 50 land grant university counties in the US. We present an approach to estimate the effect of mobility on cases by fitting an ODE based model and performing multivariate linear regression to explain the estimated time varying transmissibility. We find that, while mobility plays a significant role, the contribution is heterogeneous across the counties, as exemplified by a subsequent correlation analysis. We subsequently evaluate the metrics’ utility for case surge prediction defined as a supervised classification problem, and show that the learnt model can predict surges with 95% accuracy and 87% F1-score.
Acetylated microtubules are required for maintenance of the barrier between two adjacent tissues
Authors: Antel Matthew , Simao Taylor , Bener Muhammed Burak , Inaba Mayu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicrotubule acetylation is found in populations of stable, long-lived microtubules, occurring on the conserved lysine 40 (K40) residue of α-tubulin, catalyzed by α-tubulin acetyltransferases (αTATs). K40 acetylation has been shown to stabilize microtubules via enhancing microtubule resilience against mechanical stress. Here we show that Drosophila CG17003/leaky (Lky), an αTAT, is required for proper oogenesis. We found that loss of lky disrupted the cell junction between germline cyst and follicle epithelial cells, adjacent cells that form an egg chamber. This resulted in leakage of germline contents into somatic follicle cells. The follicle cells that received germline-derived nanos gene product failed to maintain their cell fate, leading to an egg chamber fusion. The same phenotype was observed upon replacement of major α-tubulin84BK40 with α-tubulin84BK40A (non-acetylable tubulin), suggesting α-tubulinK40 acetylation is required for the boundary integrity of these two adjacent tissues. Taken together, this study provides the first in vivo function of tubulin acetylation in maintaining the integrity of a tissue barrier.
Associative learning drives longitudinally-graded presynaptic plasticity of neurotransmitter release along axonal compartments
Authors: Stahl Aaron , Noyes Nathaniel C. , Boto Tamara , Jing Miao , Zeng Jianzhi , King Lanikea B. , Li Yulong , Davis Ronald L. , Tomchik Seth M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnatomical and physiological compartmentalization of neurons is a mechanism to increase the computational capacity of a circuit, and a major question is what role axonal compartmentalization plays. Axonal compartmentalization may enable localized, presynaptic plasticity to alter neuronal output in a flexible, experience-dependent manner. Here we show that olfactory learning generates compartmentalized, bidirectional plasticity of acetylcholine release that varies across the longitudinal compartments of Drosophila mushroom body (MB) axons. The directionality of the learning-induced plasticity depends on the valence of the learning event (aversive vs. appetitive), varies linearly across proximal to distal compartments following appetitive conditioning, and correlates with learning-induced changes in downstream mushroom body output neurons (MBONs) that modulate behavioral action selection. Potentiation of acetylcholine release was dependent on the CaV2.1 calcium channel subunit cacophony. In addition, contrast between the positive conditioned stimulus and other odors required the inositol triphosphate receptor (IP3R), which was required to maintain responsivity to odors in untrained conditions. Downstream from the mushroom body, a set of MBONs that receive their input from the γ3 MB compartment were required for normal appetitive learning, suggesting that they represent a key node through which discriminative effects influence appetitive memory and decision-making. These data demonstrate that learning drives valence-correlated, compartmentalized, bidirectional potentiation and depression of synaptic neurotransmitter release, which rely on distinct mechanisms and are distributed across axonal compartments in a learning circuit.
Role of distinct fibroblast lineages and immune cells in dermal repair following UV radiation induced tissue damage
Authors: Rognoni Emanuel , Goss Georgina , Hiratsuka Toru , Kober Katharina I , Lui Prudence PokWai , Tsang Victoria SK , Hawkshaw Nathan J , Pilkington Suzanne M , Sipilä Kalle H , Cho Inchul , Ali Niwa , Rhodes Lesley E , Watt Fiona M 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSolar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a major source of skin damage, resulting in inflammation, premature ageing and cancer. While several UVR-induced changes, including extracellular matrix reorganisation and epidermal DNA damage, have been documented, the role of different fibroblast lineages and their communication with immune cells has not been explored. We show that acute and chronic UVR exposure led to selective loss of fibroblasts from the upper dermis in human and mouse skin. Lineage tracing and in vivo live imaging revealed that repair following acute UVR is predominantly mediated by papillary fibroblast proliferation and migration. In contrast, chronic UVR exposure led to a permanent loss of papillary fibroblasts, with expansion of fibroblast membrane protrusions partially compensating for the reduction in cell number. Although UVR strongly activated Wnt-signalling in skin, stimulation of fibroblast proliferation by epidermal β-catenin stabilisation did not support papillary dermis repair. Acute UVR triggered an infiltrate of neutrophils and T cell subpopulations and increased pro-inflammatory prostaglandin signalling in skin. Depletion of CD4 and CD8 positive cells resulted in increased papillary fibroblast depletion, which correlated with an increase in DNA damage and reduction in fibroblast proliferation. Conversely, topical COX-2 inhibition prevented fibroblast depletion and neutrophil infiltration after UVR. We conclude that loss of papillary fibroblasts is primarily induced by a deregulated inflammatory response, with infiltrating T cells supporting fibroblast survival upon UVR-induced environmental stress.Graphical abstract
Aspergillus fumigatusacetate utilisation impacts virulence traits and pathogenicity
Authors: Ries Laure Nicolas Annick , de Castro Patricia Alves , Silva Lilian Pereira , Valero Clara , dos Reis Thaila Fernanda , Saborano Raquel , Duarte Iola F. , Persinoti Gabriela Felix , Steenwyk Jacob L. , Rokas Antonis , Almeida Fausto , Costa Jonas Henrique , Fill Taicia , Wong Sarah Sze Wah , Aimanianda Vishukumar , Rodrigues Fernando José Santos , Gonçales Relber A. , Duarte-Oliveira Cláudio , Carvalho Agostinho , Goldman Gustavo H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAspergillus fumigatusis a major opportunistic fungal pathogen of immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. To successfully establish an infection,A. fumigatusneeds to use host carbon sources, such as acetate, present in the body fluids and peripheral tissues. However, utilisation of acetate as a carbon source by fungi in the context of infection has not been investigated. This work shows that acetate is metabolised via different pathways inA. fumigatusand that acetate utilisation is under the regulatory control of a transcription factor (TF), FacB.A. fumigatusacetate utilisation is subject to carbon catabolite repression (CCR), although this is only partially dependent on the TF and main regulator of CCR CreA. The available extracellular carbon source, in this case glucose and acetate, significantly affectedA. fumigatusvirulence traits such as secondary metabolite secretion and cell wall composition, with the latter having consequences for resistance to oxidative stress, to anti-fungal drugs and to human neutrophil-mediated killing. Furthermore, deletion offacBsignificantly impaired thein vivovirulence ofA. fumigatusin both insect and mammalian models of invasive aspergillosis. This is the first report on acetate utilisation inA. fumigatusand this work further highlights the importance of available host-specific carbon sources in shaping fungal virulence traits and subsequent disease outcome, and a potential target for the development of anti-fungal strategies.ImportanceAspergillus fumigatusis an opportunistic fungal pathogen in humans. During infection,A. fumigatusis predicted to use host carbon sources, such as acetate, present in body fluids and peripheral tissues, to sustain growth and promote colonisation and invasion. This work shows thatA. fumigatusmetabolises acetate via different pathways, a process that is dependent on the transcription factor FacB. Furthermore, the type and concentration of the extracellular available carbon source were determined to shapeA. fumigatusvirulence determinants such as secondary metabolite secretion and cell wall composition. Subsequently, interactions with immune cells are altered in a carbon source-specific manner. FacB is required forA. fumigatus in vivovirulence in both insect and mammalian models of invasive aspergillosis. This is the first report that characterises acetate utilisation inA. fumigatusand highlights the importance of available host-specific carbon sources in shaping virulence traits and potentially subsequent disease outcome.