bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Masculinidad, cuerpo y nación en la comunicación visual de Santiago Abascal (Vox) en Instagram en 2020. Análisis de la imagen del ámbito privado en su cuenta personal
Authors: Del Castillo Aira Itxaso , Iturbe Tolosa Andoni 
Published: November 2021

En un contexto de celebrificación y fenómeno fandom en la política, las redes sociales juegan un papel determinante. La influencia de los medios de comunicación ha acercado, desde finales del siglo pasado, la política a la cultura de la fama, lo que ha provocado la personalización de la política y la emergencia de políticos-estrella. Este proceso, que se ha denominado celebrificación, debe reunir dos dinámicas en teoría contrapuestas: construir al candidato como un personaje extraordinario y, simultáneamente, ser un individuo ‘normal y corriente”. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la construcción de la imagen de Santiago Abascal en Instagram, principalmente en su ámbito privado. Nuestra propuesta parte de la hipótesis de que el líder de VOX transmite una forma de masculinidad asociada a atributos como la fuerza, la disciplina, la dureza, la potencia y la paternidad con referencias castrenses.
La propuesta analiza las fotografías de su cuenta personal de Instagram de 2020 y la metodología se basa en el análisis de contenido. Primero, se extraen unos resultados tras la aplicación de una plantilla de codificación. Posteriormente, realizamos un análisis textual de las imágenes y detectamos los atributos principales (masculinidad, territorialidad, hiperliderazgo y defensa). La cuenta de Santiago Abascal en Instagram construye una imagen concreta de nación encarnada en la proyección hipermasculina del cuerpo de su líder. Abascal se (auto)representa en clave de hiperliderazgo e hipermasculinidad y crea un apego emocional alrededor de su figura dentro de su comunidad hasta considerarlo “uno de los nuestros”.
Social contact patterns and implications for infectious disease transmission – a systematic review and meta-analysis of contact surveys
Authors: Mousa Andria , Winskill Peter , Watson Oliver John , Ratmann Oliver , Monod Mélodie , Ajelli Marco , Diallo Aldiouma , Dodd Peter J , Grijalva Carlos G , Kiti Moses Chapa , Krishnan Anand , Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Supriya , Kwok Kin O , Lanata Claudio F , de Waroux Olivier Le Polain , Leung Kathy , Mahikul Wiriya , Melegaro Alessia , Morrow Carl D , Mossong Joël , Neal Eleanor FG , Nokes D James , Pan-ngum Wirichada , Potter Gail E , Russell Fiona M , Saha Siddhartha , Sugimoto Jonathan D , Wei Wan In , Wood Robin R , Wu Joseph , Zhang Juanjuan , Walker Patrick , Whittaker Charles 
Published: November 2021

Background:Transmission of respiratory pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 depends on patterns of contact and mixing across populations. Understanding this is crucial to predict pathogen spread and the effectiveness of control efforts. Most analyses of contact patterns to date have focused on high-income settings.Methods:Here, we conduct a systematic review and individual-participant meta-analysis of surveys carried out in low- and middle-income countries and compare patterns of contact in these settings to surveys previously carried out in high-income countries. Using individual-level data from 28,503 participants and 413,069 contacts across 27 surveys, we explored how contact characteristics (number, location, duration, and whether physical) vary across income settings.Results:Contact rates declined with age in high- and upper-middle-income settings, but not in low-income settings, where adults aged 65+ made similar numbers of contacts as younger individuals and mixed with all age groups. Across all settings, increasing household size was a key determinant of contact frequency and characteristics, with low-income settings characterised by the largest, most intergenerational households. A higher proportion of contacts were made at home in low-income settings, and work/school contacts were more frequent in high-income strata. We also observed contrasting effects of gender across income strata on the frequency, duration, and type of contacts individuals made.Conclusions:These differences in contact patterns between settings have material consequences for both spread of respiratory pathogens and the effectiveness of different non-pharmaceutical interventions.Funding:This work is primarily being funded by joint Centre funding from the UK Medical Research Council and DFID (MR/R015600/1).
Challenges of Low Carbon Public Transport Systems in the Arabian Gulf City: Case of Muscat, Oman
Authors: Ramadan Elnazir 
Published: November 2021

The Arabian Gulf cities are growing. The gulf cooperation council states (GCCs) are among the richest and most urbanized in the world. As a major focus on sustainable development of cities, sustainable transportation acts to diminish the city’s energy consumption by providing a public transport system that has greater ecological obligation and societal justice. The study’s significance is to figure out the challenges in the sector of public transport in the city of Muscat. The wide spread of mass transportation plays a significant role in reducing the exhaustion of energy. Also, it contributes to make a better living experience. Provision of sustainable public transport will prevent the increasing number of motor cars and equally accompanied environmental pollution and traffic congestion. The study is based on an in-depth quantitative and qualitative research method to explore the hindrances that are encountered in the way of building sustainable infrastructure of public transport. The findings of the study revealed that public transport system face real challenges in Gulf region, particularly in Muscat. It indicated that for the well-being of Gulf society, the use of public transportation was encouraged and most of the population have their own cars. In addition to it, cultural and social preservations are raised, mainly by the people that act against the operation of public transport system. Due to the substantial effect of clean and sustainable transportation on energy consumption levels, recent years have been marked with a notable trend towards sustainable and low carbon systems, particularly the mass transportation ones.
Role of Chitosan Nanoparticles in Improving Hepatic and Renal Toxicity Induced by Silver Nanoparticles Coated by Fe3O4 in Rats
Authors: ElBadry Hadeer , El-Atrash Afaf , Abdelhalim Somaya , Tousson Ehab 
Published: November 2021

Aims: Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are an important class of nanomaterials used as antimicrobial agents for a wide range of medical and industrial applications.Current study was performed to study the therapeutic effects of chitosan nanoparticles extract towards the treatments with Ag NPs in rat induced kidney and liver damage.
Study Design: A total of 60 male adult albino rats were equally divided into six groups (G1, Control group; G2, chitosan group; G3, Ag NPs group as acute toxicity; G4, acute Ag NPs+Chitosan group; G5, Ag NPs group as chronic toxicity; G6, chronic Ag NPs+Chitosan).
Results: Current results revealed that; a significant increase in the levels of serum ALT, AST, ALP, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride ions and MDA in liver and kidney tissues after treatments with Ag NPs (in case of acute and chronic toxicity) as compared to control group. In contrast; a significant decrease in serum albumin, total proteins, calcium ions, SOD, catalase and GSH in liver and kidney tissues after treatments with Ag NPs as compared to control groups. Treatment of Ag NPs with Chitosan nanoparticles (Ch NPs) improved this change in liver and kidney functions as compared to Ag NPs.
Conclusion: These findings suggested that the misuse of silver nanoparticles may contribute to continuous hepatic and renal damage. This shows that the desired dose of Ag NPs can safely be used with Chitosan in improving hepatic and renal damage in toxic group in young rats.
Prevalence of Depression among Antenatal Women in Sriperumbudur, Chennai
Authors: Kannappan Jayashree , Kannappan Abhilash , Subathiraa V. S. Prema , Dinakaran Shanthi , Kalaselvi P. S. Jikki 
Published: November 2021

Background: Women are twice as likely as males to suffer from mood disorders, which tend to cluster around the childbearing years. Depression negatively influences maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Objective: The objective of the study is to estimate the prevalence of depression in pregnant women aged 18 – 35 yrs and to identify predictors accounting for variability across estimates during pandemic.
Methodology: This is a cross sectional study, conducted among 74 pregnant women coming for antenatal checkups in the Sriperumbudur, Chennai. Using height and weight values obtained from the sample, Body Mass Index (weight in kg/height in metre squares) was calculated. Hamilton – Depression Scale (HAM-d) was applied after initial psychiatry work up to all women who were selected for the interview. Mean of parameters were assessed and correlation value were calculated by Fisher’s exact test. The statistically significant P value was less than 0.05.
Results: The sociodemographic variables have been found as significant contributors in explaining the variability of the prevalence rates of antenatal depression. It showed positive correlation between economic status and depression (p<0.05) and a negative correlation between obesity and depression (p>0.05). According to the findings, fewer than 1/3rd of pregnant women experience depression as a result of life circumstances such as economic crises in order to support their families. These were identified as significant associate variables (P>0.05). And also, this study identified insufficient socioeconomic assistance were more likely to experience multiple psychological discomfort [atleast 1] than women who got appropriate economic support. (r = -0.118, P < 0.001)
Conclusion: In rural Tamilnadu, the prevalence of antenatal depression among women is significant. Antenatal Depression is caused by a number of circumstances, including physical, obstetric, economic, and family-related issues. To treat these antenatal depression risk factors, comprehensive therapies are required.
The Use of Innovative Materials in the Organization of Clinical Treatment in Dentistry
Authors: Aliev Zaurbek Magomedovich , Nersisyan Marina Karapetovna , Denisova Valeriia Vadimovna , Bigvava Aleksandr Zazaevich , Luchkovskaya Diana Igorevna , Ermilin Daniil Romanovich 
Published: November 2021

The article examines the features of the use of innovative materials in the organization of clinical treatment in dentistry. In modern conditions, solving the problem of patient safety is one of the main conditions for the functioning of medicine in general and dentistry in particular. For this reason, the search for innovations in the field of antimicrobial protection and, together with it, the functionality of various materials is one of the main tasks of researchers in the field of dentistry. Nanomaterials, which are made on the basis of graphene, are able to demonstrate excellent antimicrobial properties. These materials have the ability to disrupt the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS).
These materials are widely used in the manufacture of dentures, they are incorporated in the composition of composite resins and luting cements in the organization of restorative treatment, are used for the manufacture of adhesive materials. Many experts recognize that these materials are the future of dental practice, since they have the ability to provide a high level of functionality and safety.
Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Polyherbal Formulation “Vasant Kusumakar Ras” on Alloxan-induced and Dexamethasone-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Jawaid Talha , Nishu Kumari , Kamal Mehnaz , M. Alsanad Saud 
Published: November 2021

Aim: The current study observed the antidiabetic effect of Vasant Kusumakar Ras, an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation, in alloxan-induced and dexamethasone-induced diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: Alloxan (120 mg/kg, i.p.) and dexamethasone sodium phosphate (5 mg/kg, i.p.) were used to induce diabetes in rats. The oral antidiabetic activity of Vasant Kusumakar Ras was evaluated by single doses of Vasant Kusumakar Ras (400 and 600 mg/kg, p.o.) in albino rats during a 10-day treatment period, with the effect of the Vasant Kusumakar Ras on blood glucose levels and serum lipid parameters measured on 0, 7th, and 11th day. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as the reference drug.
Results: In alloxan-induced diabetic rats, the elevated levels of blood glucose significantly (p < 0.05) decreased after oral administration of Vasant Kusumakar Ras (400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg), and Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg). When compared to the diabetic control group, treatment with Vasant Kusumakar Ras and Glibenclamide for 10 days reduced total cholesterol (TC) significantly (p < 0.001). Treatment with Vasant Kusumakar Ras and Glibenclamide for 10 days, significantly (p < 0.001) decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level when compared to the diabetic control group. In dexamethasone-induced diabetic rats, all rats given with dexamethasone and Vasant Kusumakar Ras (400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg) showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the level of blood glucose when compared with diabetic control rats. The rats treated with dexamethasone and Glibenclamide showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose level when compared to diabetic control rats. When compared to the diabetic control group, treatment with Vasant Kusumakar Ras and Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) for 10 days reduced TC significantly (p < 0.001). Treatment with Vasant Kusumakar Ras and Glibenclamide for 10 days, significantly (p < 0.001) decreased LDL level when compared to the diabetic control group.
Conclusion: Vasant Kusumakar Ras was shown to have significant antidiabetic activity comparable to that of glibenclamide and it also improves the lipid metabolism in both alloxan-induced and dexamethasone-induced diabetic rats.
A Mini-review: Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) as Antimicrobial in Magical Socks
Authors: Abdulazeem Lubna , Alasadi Yusor Fadhil , Al-Mawlah Yasir Haider , M. Hadi Ameer 
Published: November 2021

Silver nanoparticles vary in size from 1 to 100 nm. These have unique properties that assists in molecular diagnostics, therapies, and devices used in many medical procedures. The most popular methods for making silver nanoparticles are physical and chemical approaches. Chemical and physical methods are troublesome because synthesis is expensive. The biological approach is a feasible alternative one. The major biological processes involved are bacteria, fungi, and plant extracts. Silver nanoparticles are mainly used in diagnostic and therapeutic applications in medicine. Their medical uses rely on the antimicrobial property, while the anti-inflammatory property has its own range of applications. Silver nanoparticles are used in a number of medical therapies and instruments, as well as in a variety of biological sciences.
This article focuses on chemical and biological techniques for synthesizing AgNPs, which will subsequently be utilized to coat socks materials, testing antimicrobial activity and comparing the ability of these coated fabrics to minimize infections.
Advance Directives and Dementia
Authors: Davis Dena S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

People who are afraid of living for many years with Alzheimer might seek a way to end their lives early, when their dementia has just entered the moderate phase. Advance directives are not a legal solution for those who prefer to die rather than suffer years of dementia. One problem is that an advance directive only works to hasten death when there is a life‐threatening illness for which a proxy can refuse treatment; more often than not, Alzheimer kills the self long before it threatens the body. A second problem is that the person who wrote the advance directive is now demented, and unable to validate the original wish. They may now be unaware of their dementia, and appear content to continue living.

Key Concepts

Advance directives are devices by which people exert control over their care should they become unable to do so.

Advance directives in the case of dementia are mostly useful only at the final stage of Alzheimer disease.

Moral distress of caregivers is an impediment to withdrawing care for people with dementia who appear to be content.

In most of the world, advance directives can direct caregivers to withhold treatment but not to affirmatively hasten death.

Advance directives for euthanasia in the case of dementia are now legal in Belgium and the Netherlands, but their efficacy remains to be seen.

Assisted suicide laws are useless for dementia, because they require that the person be competent.
Dyslexia
Authors: Archer Kimberly J , Pammer Kristen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Dyslexia is a disorder characterised by difficulty in learning to read that cannot be attributed to secondary organic, mechanical or social circumstances. In other words, a child fails to learn to read at an age‐appropriate rate, irrespective of intelligence level, education or other neurological deficits. Notably,
developmental
dyslexia – which is the focus of this article – is distinct from
acquired
dyslexia, which occurs due to brain trauma. Numerous sensory and cognitive deficits contribute to dyslexia, including difficulties with auditory processing of speech sounds, visual processing and working memory. Current research is aimed at understanding the neurobiological cause of these cognitive deficits.

Key Concepts

Dyslexia is a universal and persistent form of low literacy in which a child fails to learn to read at an age‐appropriate rate. It is found across languages and is not associated with intelligence, age, education or other neurological deficits.

Symptoms of dyslexia and their severity can vary significantly from one individual to the next. People with dyslexia have been found to have

Impaired phonological processing – that is, a decreased perceptual sensitivity to sound‐segments in language.

Difficulties with short‐term memory.

Impaired visual processing.

Spelling difficulties.

Phonological dyslexia
refers to difficulties in sounding words out and making phonological manipulations.

Surface dyslexia
refers to difficulties in developing and accessing a lexicon, that is a mental representation of words.

Dyslexia is often confused with
visual stress
– the symptoms of which include words moving when attempting to read, shimmering or disappearing, words looking like they were carved into the page, lines or rivers through the text, and preferring to read under very low light levels.

The exact aetiology of dyslexia is unknown; however, evidence indicates deficits in magnocellular‐dorsal stream processing in the visual domain and impaired brainwave function in the auditory domain. Several genetic mutations have also been identified in dyslexia.

Current remedial interventions for dyslexia are educational and are aimed at improving cognitive deficits.

Current research is aimed at identifying the neurobiological basis of dyslexia to aid the development of a treatment that targets the underlying neurobiological cause of dyslexia.
Whole‐Cell‐Mimicking Carrier‐Free Nanovaccines Amplify Immune Responses Against Cancer and Bacterial Infection
Authors: Qin Ming , Du Guangsheng , Qiao Nan , Guo Zhaofei , Jiang Min , He Chunting , Bai Shuting , He Penghui , Xu Yanhua , Wang Hairui , Gong Tao , Zhang Zhirong , Sun Xun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhole‐cell vaccines that provide broad‐spectrum antigens have been explored for recent decades. But so far, they have revealed limited success in clinical trials, possibly owing to their inefficiency in targeting immune organs and antigen‐presenting cells (APCs). Herein, a facile strategy is developed to convert the whole‐cell vaccines into the nanoscale size to promote their lymphatic migration and subsequent intracellular antigen presentation to maximize immune responses. Briefly, the study designs a multiple antigen delivery platform based on alum‐induced and cancer/bacterial cell membrane coated protein antigen nanoparticles. Through a simple two‐step vortex‐sonification method, a universal carrier‐free nano‐vaccine without additional excipients could be quickly fabricated. After subcutaneous vaccination, the developed nanovaccines rapidly migrate to lymph nodes, leading to their effective uptake by lymph node‐resident APCs, and subsequent antigen presentation and activation of downstream immune processes. Overall, the described promising work offers a safe, effective, facile, and widely applicable vaccine strategy, which has great potential for clinical transformation.
Mesoporous Nanohybrids of 2D Ni‐Cr‐Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets Pillared with Polyoxovanadate Anions for High‐Performance Hybrid Supercapacitor
Authors: Padalkar Navnath S. , Sadavar Shrikant V. , Shinde Rohini B. , Patil Akash S. , Patil Umakant M. , Dhawale Dattatray S. , Pathan Habib M. , Sartale Shrikrishna D. , Parale Vinayak G. , Vinu Ajayan , Lokhande Chandrakant D. , Gunjakar Jayavant L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, the use of exfoliation‐restacking strategy to prepare mesoporous nanohybrids of 2D Nickel‐chromium‐layered double hydroxide (Ni‐Cr‐LDH) nanosheets pillared with polyoxovanadate (POV) anions (Ni‐Cr‐LDH‐POV) for a high‐performance hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) is demonstrated. The pillaring approach of Ni‐Cr‐LDH monolayers with POV anions via exfoliation‐restacking strategy yields mesoporous ordered layered structure with a high surface area and interconnected network morphology. The pillared hybridization of Ni‐Cr‐LDH with POV anions boosts the electrochemical performance of the pristine Ni‐Cr‐LDH, which is attributed to the development of layer‐by‐layer stacking structure with expanded gallery height and high surface area interconnected network morphology. The Ni‐Cr‐LDH‐POV nanohybrid electrode exhibits an improved specific capacity of 294.5 mAh g−1 as compared to pristine Ni‐Cr‐LDH electrode (98.9 mAh g−1) at 1 mA cm−2 with 82% capacity retention after 5000 charge‐discharge cycles. A full‐cell HSC composed of mesoporous Ni‐Cr‐LDH‐POV nanohybrid as a cathode and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as an anode delivers a maximum specific energy of 57.78 Wh kg−1 and specific power of 1.59 kW kg−1 with 87% cyclic durability over 10 000 charge‐discharge cycles. The present study demonstrates the usefulness of the pillared Ni‐Cr‐LDH‐POV nanohybrids via exfoliation‐restacking strategy for exploring high‐performance HSC.