bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting high cumulative radiation exposure from paediatric computed tomography
Authors: Tangsiwong Thipsumon , Phewplung Teerasak , Trinavarat Panruethai 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionTo estimate occurrence rate of high cumulative radiation exposure from paediatric computed tomography (CT), and to determine influential factors on high-dose inclination.Material and methodsPatients below 18 years old receiving at least 50 mSv of a cumulative dose during a 5-year period in a tertiary care centre were retrospectively enrolled. Individual patient characteristics, diagnoses, frequency of exa­minations, scanner sites, designated scans, and effective doses were recorded. Collective doses were compared among groups of the diagnoses and scanner sites, and regression analyses were applied.ResultsOf 2771 patients, 3.2% received individual cumulative doses between 50 and 303 mSv (median, 74 mSv). Frequency of examinations ranged from 1 to 13 times (median, 4 times) per patient. About 70% of the patients had oncological illness. Radiation was predominantly high in a CT simulator that could contribute the percentage of collective dose to twice that of examinations owing to higher scanning parts and CT dose index. Some scanner sites used higher acquisition phases. Regression analysis showed that the number of scanning parts and phases significantly influenced the cumulative dose inclination (p < 0.05) while frequent examinations did not.ConclusionsThere was a low occurrence of paediatrics with high dose accumulation. Significant factors affecting potentially high exposure were customized CT protocols in the specific scanners.
Ultrasonography in soft-tissue foreign-body detection: a phantom study
Authors: Tok Sermin , Kadioglu Emine 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionForeign body implantation into the soft tissues, either in the early period or late period, is a common cause of emergency department admissions. Direct X-rays are preferred in the diagnosis of soft-tissue foreign-bodies. Herein, we aimed to analyse the detection rates of foreign bodies of various sizes placed in phantoms implanted into soft tissue by ultrasonography.Material and methodsA total of 740 pieces of chicken fillet were prepared as phantoms. No objects were implanted into 100 phantoms. We inserted glass, porcelain, plastic, wood, pencil tip, chicken bone, iron, walnut shell, and fishbone with a length of < 1 cm, 1-3 cm, and 3-5 cm into 20 pieces of chicken phantom in each size of foreign body (FB). In addition, 1-3 cm long peanut shell, < 1 cm rose spikes, < 1 cm cactus thorns, < 1 cm pellets, and < 1 cm staples were inserted into 20 pieces of chicken for each object. Each of the chicken pieces was placed inside a latex glove and examined by ultrasonography.ResultsThe sensitivity of ultrasonography in the detection of the cactus thorn was 5%, whereas it ranged between 82.5 and 100% for other objects. For glass, plastic, wood, iron, and fishbone, we found that when the size exceeded 1 cm, the sensitivity increased.ConclusionsIn the evaluation of soft tissue FBs, as the size of the FBs increases, the diagnostic value of ultrasonography increases.
Successful youth advocacy (YA) programs
Authors: Botchwey Nisha , O'Connell L. Katie , Bryan Kim , Ricks Tonya 
Published: September 2021

Disparities in youth obesity continue despite an increasing number of programs designed to combat this challenge. Policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) changes hold promise for these populations. This study identifies lessons from adult leaders for youth advocacy programs. Youth Engagement & Action for Health! (YEAH!) is a youth advocacy curriculum for PSE change that promotes healthy behaviors. From 2017-2019, 18 youth-serving organizations recruited 11-14 year olds from low-income urban, suburban, and rural areas. 237 participants in 19 youth groups completed YEAH! with 28 adult leaders. YEAH! adult leaders completed pre- and post-surveys on adult leader characteristics, group structure and dynamics, barriers to success, and technical assistance needs. Researchers interviewed adult leaders at the completion of each YEAH! project. This community based participatory research (CBPR) project engaged adult leaders to collect data, analyze coded transcripts and interpret results. Clubs evaluated with positive outcomes were facilitated by adult leaders who had previous engagement with the youth, showed enthusiasm for youth advocacy, and had access to resources to motivate group cohesion, participation, and commitment. The adult leader steering committee synthesized the findings into a set of best practices and strategies to help group leaders be as successful as possible when leading future youth advocacy groups.
Situating Copper Crescents
Authors: Cipolla Craig N. 
Published: September 2021

This report considers copper crescent-shaped objects from Ontario, contextualizing them within broader archaeological discussions of the Old Copper Complex. I focus on a small assemblage of antiquarian-collected crescents from the Royal Ontario Museum. A literature review comprises the bulk of this report; crescents recovered from sites located in the center of the Old Copper Complex, in current-day Wisconsin and Michigan, help to situate examples in the antiquarian collection. I discuss crescents in terms of their chronological and geographic breadth, their formal variation, and the different depositional contexts in which they are found. Three examples from the antiquarian collection represent novel forms of copper crescent that are not represented in the accepted typology. Two of these, collected approximately 1,600 km apart from one another, closely resemble stone and copper ulu knives, each with a unique copper handle that once bore a haft. By situating this particular collection within broader discussions of native copper, this report demonstrates the continued importance of thinking through poorly-contextualized archaeological collections while remembering the limitations of rigid, typological thinking.
Ozone profile retrieval from nadir TROPOMI measurements in the UV range
Authors: Mettig Nora , Weber Mark , Rozanov Alexei , Arosio Carlo , Burrows John P. , Veefkind Pepijn , Thompson Anne M. , Querel Richard , Leblanc Thierry , Godin-Beekmann Sophie , Kivi Rigel , Tully Matthew B. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The TOPAS (Tikhonov regularised Ozone Profile retrievAl with SCIATRAN) algorithm to retrieve vertical profiles of ozone from space-borne observations in nadir-viewing geometry has been developed at the Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP) of the University of Bremen and applied to the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) L1B spectral data version 2. Spectral data between 270 and 329 nm are used for the retrieval. A recalibration of the measured radiances is done using ozone profiles from MLS/Aura. Studies with synthetic spectra show that individual profiles in the stratosphere can be retrieved with an uncertainty of about 10 %. In the troposphere, the retrieval errors are larger depending on the a priori profile used. The vertical resolution above 18 km is about 6–10 km, and it degrades to 15–25 km below. The vertical resolution in the troposphere is strongly dependent on the solar zenith angle (SZA).
The ozone profiles retrieved from TROPOMI with the TOPAS algorithm were validated using data from ozonesondes and stratospheric ozone lidars. Above 18 km, the comparison with sondes shows excellent agreement within less than ±5 % for all latitudes. The standard deviation of mean differences is about 10 %. Below 18 km, the relative mean deviation in the tropics and northern latitudes is still quite good, remaining within ±20 %. At southern latitudes, larger differences of up to +40 % occur between 10 and 15 km. The standard deviation is about 50 % between 7–18 km and about 25 % below 7 km. The validation of stratospheric ozone profiles with ground-based lidar measurements also shows very good agreement. The relative mean deviation is below ±5 % between 18–45 km, with a standard deviation of 10 %.
TOPAS retrieval results for 1 d of TROPOMI observations were compared to ozone profiles from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite and the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Limb Profiler (OMPS-LP). The relative mean difference was found to be largely below ±5 % between 20–50 km, except at very high latitudes.
Sequential data assimilation for real-time probabilistic flood inundation mapping
Authors: Jafarzadegan Keighobad , Abbaszadeh Peyman , Moradkhani Hamid 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Real-time probabilistic flood inundation mapping is crucial for flood risk warning and decision-making during the emergency period before an upcoming flood event. Considering the high uncertainties involved in the modeling of a nonlinear and complex flood event, providing a deterministic flood inundation map can be erroneous and misleading for reliable and timely decision-making. The conventional flood hazard maps provided for different return periods cannot also represent the actual dynamics of flooding rivers. Therefore, a real-time modeling framework that forecasts the inundation areas before the onset of an upcoming flood is of paramount importance. Sequential data assimilation (DA) techniques are well known for real-time operation of physical models while accounting for existing uncertainties. In this study, we present a DA hydrodynamic modeling framework where multiple gauge observations are integrated into the LISFLOOD-FP model to improve its performance. This study utilizes the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) in a multivariate fashion for dual estimation of model state variables and parameters where the correlations among point source observations are taken into account. First, a synthetic experiment is designed to assess the performance of the proposed approach; then the method is used to simulate the Hurricane Harvey flood in 2017. Our results indicate that the multivariate assimilation of point source observations into hydrodynamic models can improve the accuracy and reliability of probabilistic flood inundation mapping by 5 %–7 %, while it also provides the basis for sequential updating and real-time flood inundation mapping.
Oral health status, attitudes and gender variations among governmental school children at Al-Mafraq governate – Jordan
Authors: Smadi Leena , Kharma Lara , Abu Abed Asma’a , Bny Mfarej Eman , Abdalmohdi Asma 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Calculate the prevalence and severity of dental caries and periodontal health among school students aged 12-18 years old and their attitudes toward dental health and oral hygiene at Al-Mafraq governate- Jordan.Materials and methods: Demographic and oral behavioral information were collected; students aged 12-18 years old from six public schools distributed over three districts in Al-Mafraq governate over a six-month period had a full oral and dental examination. DMFT index (Decay, Missing, Filling, Teeth) was used to measure caries experience. Plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) of Löe and Silness were used to evaluate the oral health status. T - test was used for statistical evaluation. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: 1165 students were examined, 51% never had been to a dentist or had any previous dental treatment, 39.6% of the students examined never brushed their teeth and 61.85 % had dental caries. The (SiC) was 4.72 with a decay representing 93.53%. Females brush their teeth more frequent than males with a statistically significant difference; p< 0.001. Females showed lower DMFT index (1.81) and compared to males (2.25) with a statistically significant difference. Females showed lower SiC (4.164) compared to males (5.186) with a statistically significant difference. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females in PI p= 0.590, and GI; p= 0.852.Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries among students in Al-Mafraq governate and the significant caries index were substantially higher than the target goals of WHO/ FDA of year 2015 with more than 90 % of unmet treatment needs. Girls showed better oral hygiene habits compared to boys and exhibited less dental caries experience. However, periodontal status did not differ significantly between both genders.
Stress analysis of over-denture abutments treated with two obturation techniques
Authors: Elsherbini Ahmed N. , Nagy Mohamed M , Elsherbini Nancy N 
Published: September 2021

Aim: Evaluation of stresses induced on over-denture abutments endodonticaly treated with two different obturation techniques.Materials and methods: eight mandibular permanent canines were inserted in four pesudo-realistic models. In each model two canines were placed in it. One canine was treated with lateral obturation technique and the other canine with vertical obturation technique. Four over-denture prostheses were fabricated on the four models. Then strain gauges were attached on the coronal one third of the root buccally and lingually for all eight canines. A metal rod was placed occlusally on the premolar –molar area, and a 50 N load was applied on the middle of the rod using the universal testing machine. Readings were collected. Results: from the collected data the lateral obturation showed 85.25±104.901 µε and the vertical obturation showed 4.875±3.555 µε with significance difference of P<0.05 between the groups.Conclusion: it can be concluded that the abutments treated with vertical obturation techniques reduced the stresses induced to the supporting structures when compared with the lateral condensation technique.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG CỦA VIÊM MÀNG NÃO NHIỄM KHUẨN Ở TRẺ SƠ SINH
Authors: Nga Nguyễn Thị Quỳnh 
Published: September 2021

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng và cận lâm sàng của viêm màng não nhiễm khuẩn (VMNNK) ở trẻ sơ sinh. Đối tượng nghiên cứu: 133 trẻ sơ sinh được chẩn đoán và điều trị VMNNK tại khoa Hồi sức Sơ sinh Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương từ 01/07/2019 đến 30/06/2020. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả tiến cứu. Kết quả: Trong số 133 bệnh nhân, 32 trẻ sơ sinh đượcchẩn đoán VMNNK sớm chiếm tỷ lệ 24%. Trẻ đẻ non mắc VMNNK sớm nhiều hơn trẻ đủ tháng. Các triệu chứng lâm sàng bao gồm: thay đổi nhệt độ (63,1%), vàng da (53,3%) hay gặp ở trẻ đủ tháng; suy hô hấp (60,2%), thay đổi nhịp tim (60,2%), bú kém (95,5%), bỏ bú (61,7%), li bì (42,8%) hay gặp ở trẻ non tháng. Giá trị CRP tăng với trung vị là 31,4(81,6) mg/l. Đặc điểm dịchnão tủy với số lượng tế bào có trung vị là 78 (49-415) tế bào/mm3 , protein là 1,37 (0,97-2,27) g/l, glucose là 2,55 (1,75-3,18) mmol/l. 6/133 (4,5%). Bệnh nhân có kết quả cấy dịch não tủy dương tính. Kết luận: Triệu chứng lâm sàng của VMNNK sơ sinh thường không đặc hiệu và giống bệnh cảnh nhiễm khuẩn huyết. Trẻ sơ sinh có biểu hiện nhiễm trùng cần được nghĩ tới nguyên nhân VMNNK và nên được chọc DNT sớm. Kết quả nuôi cấy DNT đóng vai trò quan trọng trong chẩn đoán bệnh nhưng tỷ lệ dương tính còn thấp.
Direitos humanos, constitucionalismo transnacional e redução das desigualdades raciais: desafios pós-pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Teixeira Anderson Vichinkeski , Bragato Fernanda Frizzo 
Published: September 2021

Este artigo parte do pressuposto de que o impacto desproporcional da COVID-19 sobre a população negra no Brasil é um problema de racismo estrutural. Por outro lado, assume que o constitucionalismo transnacional surge como alternativa possível para a prevenção de crises globais, como é caso desta pandemia. Nesse sentido, o racismo estrutural, que ressalta o impacto da crise global de COVID-19 sobre os negros no Brasil, é um desafio que o constitucionalismo global terá que enfrentar a fim de não reproduzir estruturas implícita ou explicitamente marcadas pelo racismo. Na primeira parte, o artigo recolhe dados preliminares acerca dos impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil, sobretudo nos negros. Após, discute estudos atinentes aos temas racismo, poder e discurso. Na terceira parte, reconstrói brevemente conceitos centrais do constitucionalismo transnacional a partir de sua evolução no Ocidente. Por fim, reflete sobre os três possíveis desafios ao constitucionalismo transnacional no combate às desigualdades raciais em cenários pós-pandemia: desafio teórico-normativo, desafio estrutural-funcional e desafio político-pragmático.
A review of Paratranes Zimmerman, 1994, Xanthorrhoea-associated weevils of the Tranes group (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Molytinae), with description of a new species
Authors: Hsiao Yun , Oberprieler Rolf G. 
Published: September 2021

Grasstrees (Xanthorrhoea) are a group of monocotyledonous plants endemic to Australia, with a characteristic crown of long and narrow leaves. In the present study, the grasstree-associated weevils of the genus Paratranes Zimmerman, 1994 are reviewed and two species are recognised: P. monopticus (Pascoe, 1870) and P. zimmermani sp. nov. A lectotype for Tranes xanthorrhoeae Lea, 1898, which was recently synonymised with P. monopticus, is herein designated, and the validity of this synonymy is confirmed. Descriptions and diagnoses of the species are supplemented with photographs of their habitus and salient structures as well as a map of their distributions.
Direct-to-implant breast reconstruction following nipple-sparing mastectomy: predictive factors of adverse surgical outcomes in Asian patients
Authors: Su Chun-Lin , Yang Jia-Ruei , Kuo Wen-Ling , Chen Shin-Cheh , Cheong David Chon-Fok , Huang Jung-Ju 
Published: September 2021

Background Direct-to-implant (DTI) breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) provides reliable outcomes; however, the use of ADM is associated with a higher risk of complications. We analyzed our experiences of post-NSM DTI without ADM and identified the predictive factors of adverse surgical outcomes.
Methods Patients who underwent NSM and immediate DTI or two-stage tissue expander (TE) breast reconstruction from 2009 to 2020 were enrolled. Predictors of adverse endpoints were analyzed.
Results There were 100 DTI and 29 TE reconstructions. The TE group had a higher rate of postmastectomy radiotherapy (31% vs. 11%; P=0.009), larger specimens (317.37±176.42 g vs. 272.08±126.33 g; P=0.047), larger implants (360.84±85.19 g vs. 298.83±81.13 g; P=0.004) and a higher implant/TE exposure ratio (10.3% vs. 1%; P=0.035). In DTI reconstruction, age over 50 years (odds ratio [OR], 5.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50–19.74; P=0.010) and a larger mastectomy weight (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.08–2.51; P=0.021) were associated with a higher risk of acute complications. Intraoperative radiotherapy for the nipple-areolar complex increased the risk of acute complications (OR, 4.05; 95% CI, 1.07–15.27; P=0.039) and the likelihood of revision surgery (OR, 5.57; 95% CI, 1.25–24.93; P=0.025).
Conclusions Immediate DTI breast reconstruction following NSM is feasible in Asian patients with smaller breasts.
Ecocuentos musicales cooperativos para la formación artística del profesorado de Infantil
Authors: Díaz González Diana , González Roldán Raquel 
Published: September 2021

El trabajo en equipo es una competencia fundamental en la formación del alumnado universitario en el ámbito del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, para un aprendizaje activo y significativo del estudiante, teniendo en cuenta el desarrollo de habilidades personales mientras se motiva el aprendizaje con una organización de grupo cooperativo más eficaz. En este artículo proponemos un plan estructurado para la implementación del aprendizaje cooperativo en una experiencia de proyecto dirigido al alumnado de Primer Curso del Grado en Educación Infantil. Se trata de un proyecto de innovación que vincula las asignaturas de educación artística, de manera que se valora la interdisciplinariedad para conectar el desarrollo de la expresión musical y plástica, a través de la elaboración de ecocuentos musicales por equipos. En la planificación del curso se exponen además las adaptaciones para la enseñanza no presencial, en la última fase de proyecto, durante el confinamiento a causa del Covid-19.
En este proyecto nos planteamos identificar las habilidades y prácticas del alumnado en las que debe insistirse para desarrollar de manera eficaz el trabajo en equipo. Consideramos profundizar en la experiencia del alumnado en los equipos. Para ello proponemos un plan de evaluación que permitiese seguir las prácticas y comportamiento del alumnado en los equipos, para fundamentar luego sus percepciones, basadas en su experiencia en el aprendizaje cooperativo. Realizamos así una investigación cuanti-cualitativa, descriptiva interpretativa; en la que empleamos cuestionarios de autoevaluación del alumnado para la recogida de datos en diferentes fases de la implementación de la metodología.
Con las producciones infantiles de temática medioambiental colaboramos en la sensibilización hacia los problemas ambientales, conectando diferentes comunidades educativas. En tiempos de crisis sanitaria aportamos esta propuesta creativa, de manera que involucramos a centros y familias utilizando el medio virtual, poniendo en valor el arte en la educación.
La relación profesor-alumno y la influencia de la escuela a través de los profesores de saxofón del Conservatorio de París y sus aportaciones pedagógicas.
Authors: Escorihuela Carbonell Guillem , Quintana Bea Javier 
Published: September 2021

La invención del saxofón trajo consigo la necesidad de asentar unas bases con el fin de enseñar a interpretar este joven instrumento. Fue el propio inventor, Adolphe Sax, quien comenzó a difundirlo, pero el legado de propagar su enseñanza recayó sobre Marcel Mule. Este se convirtió en el primer profesor de saxofón del Conservatorio de París, institución donde el instrumento se integró por primera vez con un carácter permanente en 1942. Así, Mule estableció una metodología de la enseñanza sin precedentes que originó la fundamentación de la escuela francesa del saxofón. Este sistema de enseñanza fue transmitido de alumno en alumno, pasando por Daniel Deffayet y llegando hasta Claude Delangle, actual profesor del conservatorio.
Este estudio pretende aportar a la comunidad académico-científica un seguimiento de la evolución de esta escuela a través de su metodología de la enseñanza. Asimismo, se pretende acotar la importancia de la relación profesor-alumno establecida entre los tres profesores para comprender mejor la continuidad producida en el sistema pedagógico, todo ello atendiendo a los aspectos básicos de sus enseñanzas. La metodología de nuestra investigación se centra en herramientas de cariz cualitativo, tomando especial relevancia la entrevista realizada con el actual adalid de la escuela francesa del saxofón.