bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CBCT influences endodontic therapeutic decision-making in immature traumatized teeth with suspected pulp necrosis: a before-after study
Authors: Mota de Almeida Fernando José , Hassan Dalya , Nasir Abdulrahman Ghada , Brundin Malin , Romani Vestman Nelly 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To evaluate the impact of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in endodontic therapeutic decision-making of immature traumatized teeth with suspected pulp necrosis. Methods: Over two years, consecutive patients with a dental trauma in their front teeth (apex >0.5 mm) and with suspected pulp necrosis based on clinical and radiographic findings were referred to a specialist clinic in Sweden. Fifteen patients aged 6–13 (18 teeth) were included and clinically examined by an endodontist. Intraoral radiographs and CBCT examinations were obtained. Five practitioners, three endodontists and two residents in endodontics, used these examinations to determine the most appropriate treatment for the 18 cases (all central incisors) on two occasions scheduled 19 weeks apart. On the first occasion, the practitioners had access to clinical information and the intraoral radiographs (‘before’ CBCT); on the second occasion, the practitioners had also access to a radiologist report and the CBCT images (‘after’ CBCT). Their treatment plans – no treatment, watchful waiting, endodontic orthograde treatment, or extraction – were made anonymously and independently. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: ‘After’ CBCT, practitioners changed treatment plans in 30% of the 90 assessments, 74% of which were more aggressive (p = 0.028). In 49% of the assessments, practitioners who chose the watchful and waiting treatment plan ‘before’ CBCT changed to a more aggressive therapy such as endodontic orthograde treatment and extraction ‘after’ CBCT (p = 0.005). Conclusion: This study provides evidence that CBCT influences endodontic therapeutic decision-making regarding immature traumatised teeth with suspected pulp necrosis, chiefly when expectant management (i.e., watchful and waiting) was selected before access to CBCT.
Towards the semiotics of the future: From anticipation to premediation
Authors: Pärn Katre 
Published: June 2021

The paper aims to make a contribution to semiotic research on the future by bringing together various approaches that deal with the relationship humans have with the future. More specifically, the paper concentrates on anticipation viewed as an activity that is based on modelling the (un)desired future as suggested by Nikolai Bernstein. The model-based approach to anticipation allows drawing connections between the psychophysiological and semiotically mediated forms of anticipation on the one hand, and between individual and collective forms of anticipation on the other hand. With these aims in mind, the paper offers a sketch of a semiotic approach to the future that is based on the framework of semiotic modelling systems, i.e. views the future in terms of models of it and the semiotic resources and processes involved in the model-building. As the semiotically mediated models of the future circulating in a culture can become collectively shared means of cognizing and anticipating some futures, it is possible to talk about a collective anticipation, analogous to Juri Lotman’s cultural semiotic notion of collective memory. Accordingly, premediation, a future-oriented media practice outlined by Richard Grusin, is viewed as an example of collective anticipation.
In addition to tracing the mechanisms of anticipation from its individual organismic to semiotically mediated collective forms, the paper foregrounds also the two fundamental problems that run across the diverse theoretical perspectives brought together within the approach: the individual and collective agency in futuremaking and the affective dimension of anticipation.
A Resident‐Led Intervention to Increase Initiation of Buprenorphine Maintenance for Hospitalized Patients With Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Thakrar Ashish P , Furfaro David , Keller Sara , Graddy Ryan , Buresh Megan , Feldman Leonard 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUNDHospitalized patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) are rarely started on buprenorphine or methadone maintenance despite evidence that these medications reduce all‐cause mortality, overdoses, and hospital readmissions.OBJECTIVETo assess whether clinician education and a team of residents and hospitalist attendings waivered to prescribe buprenorphine increased the rate of starting patients with OUD on buprenorphine maintenance.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSQuality improvement study conducted at a large, urban, academic hospital in Maryland involving hospitalized patients with OUD on internal medicine resident services.INTERVENTIONWe developed a protocol for initiating buprenorphine maintenance, presented an educational conference, and started the resident‐led Buprenorphine Bridge Team of residents and attendings waivered to prescribe buprenorphine to bridge patients from discharge to follow‐up.MEASUREMENTSThe percent of eligible inpatients with OUD initiated on buprenorphine maintenance, 24 weeks before and after the intervention; engagement in treatment after discharge; and resident knowledge and comfort with buprenorphine.RESULTSThe rate of starting buprenorphine maintenance increased from 10% (30 of 305 eligible patients) to 24% (64 of 270 eligible patients) after the intervention, with interrupted time series analysis showing a significant increase in rate (14.4%; 95% CI, 3.6%‐25.3%; P = .02). Engagement in treatment after discharge was unchanged (40%‐46% engaged 30 days after discharge). Of 156 internal medicine residents, 89 (57%) completed the baseline survey and 66 (42%) completed the follow‐up survey. Responses demonstrated improved resident knowledge and comfort with buprenorphine.CONCLUSIONInternal medicine resident teams were more likely to start patients on buprenorphine maintenance after clinician education and implementation of a Buprenorphine Bridge Team.
Empowering Leadership als Erfolgsfaktor in der Innovation
Authors: Schröder Steffen H. , Baldegger Urs , Klösel Kilian 
Published: June 2021

AbstraktDas Ziel dieser Studie ist es, den Effekt von Führung als Erfolgsfaktor für die Innovationsleistung zu untersuchen. Die Innovationsleistung wird unterschieden in Produktentwicklung und Produktinnovation. Aus dem Literaturüberblick geht hervor, dass transformationale Führung positive Auswirkungen auf Innovation und Kreativität hat, während transaktionale Führung auf das Erreichen von Zielen und den Erfolg neuer Produkte ausgerichtet ist. Der passiv-vermeidenden Führung wird häufig ein negativer Effekt zugeschrieben, während Empowering Leadership positive Auswirkungen aufweist. Basierend auf einer qualitativen Studie zeigen wir die Bedeutung der unterschiedlichen Führungsverhalten und belegen diese anschliessend empirisch mit Hilfe hierarchischer Regressionen. Die unabhängigen Variablen des passiv-vermeidenden, des transaktionalen, des transformationalen und des Empowering Leaderships sowie die abhängigen Variablen der Produktentwicklung und der Produktinnovation werden bei 371 Mitarbeitenden aus Liechtenstein, Schweiz, Deutschland und Österreich erhoben. Die Ergebnisse belegen negative Effekte des passiv-vermeidenden Leadership auf beide abhängigen Variablen, wohingegen die transaktionale Führung positive Effekte auf den Produktentwicklungserfolg, jedoch negative auf die Produktinnovation hat. Transformationale Führung zeigt, dem entgegengesetzt, positiven Einfluss auf die Produktinnovation und negativen Einfluss auf den Produktentwicklungserfolg. Wir argumentieren daher, dass durch den gemeinsamen Einsatz beider Führungsverhalten in Kombination mit Empowering Leadership sowohl der Produktentwicklungserfolg als auch die Produktinnovation gesteigert werden kann.
Determinants of change in timely first antenatal booking among pregnant women in Ethiopia: A decomposition analysis
Authors: Yalew Melaku , Adane Bezawit , Damtie Yitayish , Kefale Bereket , Dewau Reta , Mektu Kefale , Arefaynie Mastewal , Andargie Assefa 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundEven though maternal health was highly targeted in different global strategies, maternal mortality could not be decreased as was expected. Besides this, prior decomposition analysis to the possible cause of changes to timely first antenatal booking has not been conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to assess determinants of change in timely first antenatal booking among pregnant women in Ethiopia.MethodsThe study utilized three consecutive Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) datasets which were collected through cross-sectional study design. The number of pregnant women who gave birth in 2005, 2011 and 2016 survey included in the analysis was 7,307, 7,908 and 7,590 respectively. The data were analyzed by using Stata/SE version 14.0. Logit-based decomposition analysis was done to identify contributing factors for change in timely first antenatal booking and statistical significance was determined by using P-value.ResultsThe trend of timely first antenatal booking was increased from 6% to 20% in the last ten years. The analysis revealed that 14% of the overall change was because of the change in women’s composition. Changes in the composition of women according to region, education and occupation status were the major sources of this change. The remaining, 86% of the change was due to differences in the coefficient. Mostly, the change in behaviors of the Oromia population, those who have lived in the rural areas and male household head were some of the contributing factors for the increase in timely first antenatal booking.ConclusionsThere was a significant increase in timely first antenatal booking among pregnant women in Ethiopia from 2005 to 2016 EDHS. The change in the women composition according to residency, education and occupation status of women and the difference in behaviors like: behavior of rural residents and male household head contributed to the majority of the change. Interventions targeting the male household head, rural residents and those women who lived in the Oromia region should be emphasized to increase further timely booking. In addition, promoting women in terms of education and creating job opportunities could be the other recalled intervention areas of the country.
Association of the CFTR gene with asthma and airway mucus hypersecretion
Authors: Crespo-Lessmann Astrid , Bernal Sara , del Río Elisabeth , Rojas Ester , Martínez-Rivera Carlos , Marina Nuria , Pallarés-Sanmartín Abel , Pascual Silvia , García-Rivero Juan Luis , Padilla-Galo Alicia , Curto Elena , Cisneros Carolina , Serrano José , Baiget Montserrat , Plaza Vicente ,   Emerging Asthma Group
Published: June 2021

IntroductionAsthma with airway mucus hypersecretion is an inadequately characterized variant of asthma. While several studies have reported that hypersecreting patients may carry genetic variants in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, many of those studies have been questioned for their numerous limitations and contradictory results.Objectives(1) To determine the presence of genetic variants of theCFTRgene in patients with asthma with and without airway mucus hypersecretion. (2) To identify the clinical, inflammatory and functional characteristics of the asthma phenotype with airway mucus hypersecretion.MethodComparative multicentre cross-sectional descriptive study that included 100 patients with asthma (39 hypersecretors and 61 non-hypersecretors). Asthmatic hypersecretion was defined as the presence of cough productive of sputum on most days for at least 3 months in 2 successive years. The patients were tested for fractional exhaled nitric oxide, spirometry, induced sputum cell count, total immunoglobulin E (IgE), peripheral blood eosinophil count, C-reactive protein, blood fibrinogen and blood albumin and underwent a skin prick test. Asthma control and quality of life were assessed by the Asthma Control Test and Mini Asthma Quality of Life questionnaires, respectively. Blood DNA samples were collected from the patients and next-generation sequencing using a MiSeq sequencer and the Illumina platform was used for theCFTRgene analysis.ResultsGenetic differences were observed in the c.1680-870T>A polymorphism of theCFTRgene, significantly more evident in hypersecretors than in non-hypersecretors: 78.94% vs. 59.32% in the majority allele and 21.05% vs. 40.67% in the minority allele (p = 0.036). Clinically, asthma hypersecretors compared to non-hypersecretors were older (57.4 years vs. 49.4 years; p = 0.004); had greater asthma severity (58.9% vs. 23.7%; p = 0.005); experienced greater airway obstruction (FEV1/FVC% 64.3 vs. 69.5; p = 0.041); had poorer asthma control (60% vs. 29%; p = 0.021); had lower IgE levels (126.4 IU/mL vs. 407.6 IU/mL; p = 0.003); and were less likely to have a positive prick test (37.5% vs. 68.85%; p = 0.011).ConclusionThe results suggest that patients with asthma and with mucus hypersecretion (1) may have a different phenotype and disease mechanism produced by an intronic polymorphism in theCFTRgene (NM_000492.3:c.1680-870T>A), and (2) may have a poorer clinical outcome characterized by severe disease and poorer asthma control with a non-allergic inflammatory phenotype.
Dose- and time-dependent changes in viability and IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 production by HaCaT-cells exposed to cobalt. Effects of high and low calcium growth conditions
Authors: Klasson Maria , Lindberg Magnus , Särndahl Eva , Westberg Håkan , Bryngelsson Ing-Liss , Tuerxun Kedeye , Persson Alexander 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundSensitization requires exposure to an allergen with subsequent production of a “danger “signal. In the skin, keratinocytes are the main producers of these signals.ObjectiveTo compare dose- and time-effects of cobalt on the viability of and cytokine release from HaCaT cells cultured at low or high calcium.MethodTo model two separate states of differentiation of keratinocytes, HaCaT cells were cultured under low or high calcium conditions. HaCaT were exposed to different concentrations of cobalt chloride (10 μm to 5 mM) over time (30 minutes– 48 hours). Cell viability was measured with the Cell-Titer Blue Viability assay. Cytokine production was measured using a bead-based immunoassay and flow cytometry. Gene expression was quantified using qPCR. Data was analyzed by ANOVA and linear mixed model.ResultsViability of the cells was dose- and time-dependent. A linear mixed statistical model showed that cobalt exposure induces increase in IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 production over time and whereas increase of IL-6 and a decrease of CCL2 was associated with increasing cobalt chloride concentrations. When comparing the cells incubated under high and low calcium conditions, the more differentiated cells in the high concentration were found to exert a stronger response in terms of IL-6 release.ConclusionsOur data suggest that cobalt chloride triggered an alarm system in HaCaT cells, and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines were secreted in a dose- and time-dependent manner. When high and low calcium incubations were compared, the difference was seen only for IL-6. These findings indicate that the effect of cobalt chloride on cell toxicity occurs throughout the living epidermis.
Directly observed therapy at opioid substitution facilities using sofosbuvir/velpatasvir results in excellent SVR12 rates in PWIDs at high risk for non-adherence to DAA therapy
Authors: Schmidbauer Caroline , Schwarz Michael , Schütz Angelika , Schubert Raphael , Schwanke Cornelia , Gutic Enisa , Pirker Roxana , Lang Tobias , Reiberger Thomas , Haltmayer Hans , Gschwantler Michael 
Published: June 2021

Background & aimsWe evaluated the effectiveness of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) in difficult-to-treat PWIDs with presumed high risk for non-adherence to antiviral therapy using an innovative concept involving their opioid agonist therapy (OAT) facility.MethodsN = 221 patients (m/f: 168/53; median age: 44.7 years (IQR 16.9); HCV-genotype 3: 45.2%; cirrhosis: 33.9%) treated with SOF/VEL were included. PWIDs at high risk for non-adherence to DAA therapy (n = 122) received HCV treatment alongside OAT under the supervision of medical staff ("directly observed therapy", DOT). These patients were compared to patients with presumed excellent drug compliance, who were treated in a "standard setting" (SS) of SOF/VEL prescription at a tertiary care center (n = 99).ResultsDOT-patients (n = 122/221; 55.2%) were younger than SS-patients (median age: 41.3 vs. 53.0 years), all had psychiatric comorbidities and most had a poor socioeconomic status. 83/122 (68.0%) reported ongoing intravenous drug use. Within the DOT-group, SVR12 was achieved in 99.1% (95% CI: 95.0–100; n = 109/110) with one patient experiencing treatment failure, while n = 12/122 (9.8%) patients were excluded due to loss of follow-up (FU). 5 patients showed HCV reinfection after achieving SVR12. SS-patients achieved SVR in 96.6% (95% CI: 90.3–99.3%; n = 84/87) after exclusion of 10/99 (10.1%) patients who were lost to FU and 2 patients who died prior to SVR12 due to reasons not related to DAA therapy.ConclusionsSOF/VEL given as DOT along with OAT in PWIDs at high risk of non-adherence to antiviral therapy including those with ongoing intravenous drug use resulted in excellent SVR rates similar to patients with presumed “excellent compliance” under standard drug intake.
Factors associated with gynaecological morbidities and treatment-seeking behaviour among adolescent girls residing in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Srivastava Shobhit , Chauhan Shekhar , Patel Ratna , Marbaniang Strong P. , Dhillon Preeti 
Published: June 2021

Background
Gynaecological morbidities are more common than reproductive and contraceptive morbidities and constitute a substantial proportion of disease burden in women. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and factors associated with gynaecological morbidities and the treatment-seeking behaviour among adolescent girls residing in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India.

Methodology
The study utilized data from the Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults (UDAYA) survey with a sample size of 14,625 adolescents girls aged 10–19 years. We defined gynaecological morbidity in dichotomous form, created from five questions on different morbidities. Further, the treatment-seeking behaviour was assessed for reported gynaecological morbidities three months prior to the survey. Univariate and bivariate analysis was used to perform analysis to carve out the preliminary results. Additionally, the study employed the heckprobit selection model, a two-equation model, to identify the determinants of outcome variables.

Results
Overall, about one-fourth (23.6%) of the adolescent girls reported suffering from gynaecological morbidities, and only one-third of them went for treatment. Non-Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe (Non-SC/ST) adolescents were significantly less likely to have gynaecological morbidities (β: -0.12; CI: -0.18, -0.06) compared to SC/ST counterparts; however, they were more likely to go for the treatment (β: 0.09; CI: 0.00, 0.19). The adolescents who had 8–9 (β: 0.17; CI: 0.05, 0.29) or ten and above years of education (β: 0.21; CI: 0.09, 0.34) had a higher likelihood of going for the treatment than adolescents with no education. Moreover, adolescents who belonged to rural areas were less likely to go for the treatment of gynaecological morbidities (β: -0.09; CI: -0.17, -0.01) than urban counterparts.

Conclusion
Multi-pronged interventions are the need of the hour to raise awareness about the healthcare-seeking behaviour for gynaecological morbidities, especially in rural areas. Adolescent girls shall be prioritized as they may lack the knowledge for gynaecological morbidities, and such morbidities may go unnoticed for years. Mobile clinics may be used to disseminate appropriate knowledge among adolescents and screen asymptomatic adolescents for any possible gynaecological morbidity.
Limitations and perceived delays for diagnosis and staging of lung cancer in Portugal: A nationwide survey analysis
Authors: Barata Fernando , Fidalgo Paula , Figueiredo Sara , Tonin Fernanda S. , Duarte-Ramos Filipa 
Published: June 2021

Background
We aimed to identify the perception of physicians on the limitations and delays for diagnosing, staging and treatment of lung cancer in Portugal.

Methods
Portuguese physicians were invited to participate an electronic survey (Feb-Apr-2020). Descriptive statistical analyses were performed, with categorical variables reported as absolute and relative frequencies, and continuous variables with non-normal distribution as median and interquartile range (IQR). The association between categorical variables was assessed through Pearson’s chi-square test. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare categorical and continuous variables (Stata v.15.0).

Results
Sixty-one physicians participated in the study (45 pulmonologists, 16 oncologists), with n = 26 exclusively assisting lung cancer patients. Most experts work in public hospitals (90.16%) in Lisbon (36.07%). During the last semester of 2019, responders performed a median of 85 (IQR 55–140) diagnoses of lung cancer. Factors preventing faster referral to the specialty included poor articulation between services (60.0%) and patients low economic/cultural level (44.26%). Obtaining National Drugs Authority authorization was one of the main reasons (75.41%) for delaying the begin of treatment. The cumulative lag-time from patients’ admission until treatment ranged from 42–61 days. Experts believe that the time to diagnosis could be optimized in around 11.05 days [IQR 9.61–12.50]. Most physicians (88.52%) started treatment before biomarkers results motivated by performance status deterioration (65.57%) or high tumor burden (52.46%). Clinicians exclusively assisting lung cancer cases reported fewer delays for obtaining authorization for biomarkers analysis (p = 0.023). Higher waiting times for surgery (p = 0.001), radiotherapy (p = 0.004), immunotherapy (p = 0.003) were reported by professionals from public hospitals.

Conclusions
Physicians believe that is possible to reduce delays in all stages of lung cancer diagnosis with further efforts from multidisciplinary teams and hospital administration.