bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secular and longitudinal trends in body composition: The Tromsø Study, 2001 to 2016
Authors: Lundblad Marie Wasmuth , Johansson Jonas , Jacobsen Bjarne K. , Grimsgaard Sameline , Andersen Lene Frost , Wilsgaard Tom , Hopstock Laila A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveOverweight, defined as excessive fat mass, is a long‐standing worldwide public health challenge. Traditional anthropometric measures used to identify overweight and obesity do not assess body composition. The aim of this study was to examine population trends in general and abdominal fat mass during the past two decades.MethodsThis study included participants from one or more consecutive surveys of the population‐based Tromsø Study, including Tromsø 5 (conducted in 2001, n = 1,662, age 40‐84 years), Tromsø 6 (2007‐2008, n = 901, age 40‐88 years), and Tromsø 7 (2015‐2016, n = 3,670, age 40‐87 years), with total body dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry scans. Trends in total fat and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were analyzed by generalized estimation equation models in strata of sex and age groups.ResultsTotal fat and VAT mass increased during 2001 to 2016, with a larger increase during 2007 to 2016 than from 2001 to 2007 and among the youngest age group (40‐49 years), particularly in women. Women had higher total fat mass than men, whereas men had higher VAT mass than women.ConclusionsGeneral and abdominal dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry‐derived fat mass increased during the past two decades in this general population. Of particular concern is the more pronounced increase in the past decade and in the younger age groups.
Finite‐time adaptive output synchronization of uncertain nonlinear heterogeneous multi‐agent systems
Authors: Li Zhitao , Mazouchi Majid , Modares Hamidreza , Wang Ximing , Sun Jinsheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article deals with finite‐time adaptive output synchronization of heterogeneous leader‐follower multi‐agent systems with uncertain dynamics. Two types of uncertainties are considered: 1) uncertainty in the dynamics of follower agents and 2) uncertainty in the leader's trajectory caused by unknown leader dynamics. To this aim, a novel adaptive distributed finite‐time observer is first proposed by which the followers can estimate the leader's state and dynamics in finite time. Moreover, the leader's unknown output matrix is estimated in finite time by another distributed dynamic observer. To cope with uncertainty in its own dynamics, then, each follower agent utilizes a novel filtered‐regressor‐based identifier, decoupled from the leader's state estimator, to learn about its uncertain dynamics without the requirement of measuring the state derivatives. Finally, the presented distributed finite‐time observers are leveraged by an adaptive distributed controller to guarantee finite‐time output synchronization of each follower agent to the leader. To show the efficiency of the proposed approach, a simulation example is provided.
Multifunctional Laser‐Induced Graphene Papers with Combined Defocusing and Grafting Processes for Patternable and Continuously Tunable Wettability from Superlyophilicity to Superlyophobicity
Authors: Wang Yanan , Wang Guantao , He Meihong , Liu Fu , Han Mingguang , Tang Tan , Luo Sida 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFunctional surfaces with tunable and patternable wettability have attracted significant research interests because of remarkable advantages in biomedicine, environmental, and energy storage applications. Based on combined defocusing and grafting strategy for processing laser‐induced graphene papers (LIGPs) with variable surface roughness (58.18–6.08 µm) and F content (0–25.9%), their wettability can be tuned continuously from superlyophilicity (contact angle CA ≈ 0°) to superlyophobicity (CA > 150°), for various liquids with a wide range of surface tensions from 27.5 to 72.8 mN m−1. In addition to reaching multiple wetting characteristics including amphiphilic, amphiphobic, and hydrophobic–oleophilic states, three designable processes are further developed for achieving LIGPs with various wetting patterns, including hydrophilic arrays or channels, hydrophobic‐to‐hydrophilic gradients, and Janus. Activated by the customly designed structures and properties, multifunctional and multi‐scenario applications are successfully attempted, including 2D‐/3D‐ directional cell cultivation, water transportation diode, self‐triggered liquid transfer & collection, etc.
Correlation of fetal ventricular size and need for postnatal cerebrospinal fluid diversion surgery in open spina bifida
Authors: Agrawal S. , Al‐Refai A. , Abbasi N. , Kulkarni A. V. , Pruthi V. , Drake J. , Ryan G. , Van Mieghem T. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesOpen spina bifida is a common cause of hydrocephalus in the postnatal period. In‐utero closure of the fetal spinal defect decreases the need for postnatal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion surgery. Good prenatal predictors of the need for postnatal CSF diversion surgery are currently lacking. In this study, we aimed to assess the association of fetal ventriculomegaly and its progression over the course of pregnancy with the rate of postnatal hydrocephalus requiring intervention.MethodsIn this retrospective study, fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of open spina bifida were assessed longitudinally. Ventricular diameter, as well as other potential predictors of the need for postnatal CSF diversion surgery, were compared between fetuses undergoing prenatal closure and those undergoing postnatal repair.ResultsThe diameter of the lateral ventricle increased significantly throughout gestation in both groups, but there was no difference in maximum ventricular diameter at first or last assessment between fetuses undergoing prenatal closure and those undergoing postnatal repair. There was no significant difference in the rate of progression of ventriculomegaly between the two groups, with a mean progression rate of 0.83 ± 0.5 mm/week in the prenatal‐repair group and 0.6 ± 0.6 mm/week in the postnatal‐repair group (P = 0.098). Fetal repair of open spina bifida was associated with a lower rate of postnatal CSF diversion surgery (P < 0.001). In all subjects, regardless of whether they had prenatal or postnatal surgery, the severity of ventriculomegaly at first and last assessments was associated independently with the need for postnatal CSF diversion surgery (P = 0.005 and P = 0.001, respectively), with a greater need for surgery in fetuses with larger ventricular size, even after controlling for gestational age at assessment.ConclusionsIn fetuses with open spina bifida, fetal ventricular size increases regardless of whether spina bifida closure is performed prenatally or postnatally, but the need for CSF diversion surgery is significantly lower in those undergoing prenatal repair. Ventriculomegaly is associated independently with the need for postnatal CSF diversion in fetuses with open spina bifida, irrespective of timing of closure. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Improving Extensive Green Roofs for Endangered Ground-Nesting Birds
Authors: Baumann Nathalie , Catalano Chiara , Pasta Salvatore , Brenneisen Stephan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCities are considered hotspots of biodiversity due to their high number of habitats such as ruderal areas, wastelands and masonry works hosting peculiar biocoenoses. Urban biodiversity represents a challenging and paradigmatic case for contemporary ecology and nature conservation because a clear distinction between nature reserves and anthropogenic lands is becoming obsolete. In this context, extensive green roofs may represent suitable habitat for ground-nesting birds and wild plants, providing suitable conditions occur. In this paper, case studies are used to show how existing extensive green roofs can be improved in order to make them function as replacement habitat for endangered ground-nesting birds. The setup of an uneven topography, combined with hay spreading and seed sowing, significantly enhanced the reproductive performance of the northern lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), one of the most endangered ground-nesting birds in Switzerland.
Single-isocenter stereotactic non-coplanar arc treatment of 200 patients with brain metastases: multileaf collimator size and setup uncertainties
Authors: Calmels Lucie , Blak Nyrup Biancardo Susan , Sibolt Patrik , Nørring Bekke Susanne , Bjelkengren Ulf , Wilken Eva , Geertsen Poul , Sjöström David , Behrens Claus F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate our 2 years’ experience with single-isocenter, non-coplanar, volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for brain metastasis (BM) stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

Methods
A total of 202 patients treated with the VMAT SRS solution were analyzed retrospectively. Plan quality was assessed for 5 mm (120) and 2.5 mm (high-definition, HD) central leaf width multileaf collimators (MLCs). For BMs at varying distances from the plan isocenter, the geometric offset from the ideal position for two image-guided radiotherapy workflows was calculated. In the workflow with ExacTrac (BrainLAB, München, Germany; W‑ET), patient positioning errors were corrected at each couch rotation. In the workflow without ExacTrac (W-noET), only the initial patient setup correction was considered. The dose variation due to rotational errors was simulated for multiple-BM plans with the HD-MLC.

Results
Plan conformity and quality assurance were equivalent for plans delivered with the two MLCs while the HD-MLC plans provided better healthy brain tissue (BmP) sparing. 95% of the BMs had residual intrafractional setup errors ≤ 2 mm for W‑ET and 68% for W‑noET. For small BM (≤1 cc) situated >3 cm from the plan isocenter, the dose received by 95% of the BM decreased in median (interquartile range) by 6.3% (2.8–8.8%) for a 1-degree rotational error.

Conclusion
This study indicates that the HD-MLC is advantageous compared to the 120-MLC for sparing healthy brain tissue. When a 2-mm margin is applied, W‑noET is sufficient to ensure coverage of BM situated ≤ 3 cm of the plan isocenter, while for BM further away, W‑ET is recommended.
Beitrag des BfArM zur Potenzialentfaltung der Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen – digital readiness@BfArM
Authors: Broich Karl , Löbker Wiebke , Lauer Wolfgang 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Digitalisierung stellt auch im Gesundheitsbereich einen eindeutigen Megatrend dar, der neben der Wegbereitung durch geänderte rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen auch durch die Coronapandemie eine enorme Beschleunigung erfahren hat. Mit Blick in die Zukunft wird dieser Trend durch immer kürzere Entwicklungszyklen und technologischen Fortschritt zu einer zunehmenden Verschmelzung einzelner digitaler und nicht digitaler Produkte, darunter Arzneimittel und digitale Medizinprodukte, zu einem digitalen Ökosystem beitragen. Die Digitalisierung wird nicht nur die Patientensouveränität stärken, sondern unter anderem auch eine patientenzentrierte, stärker auf den individuellen Patienten ausgerichtete Medizin ermöglichen; digitale (patientenberichtete) Endpunkte und „dezentrale“ Studienkonzepte werden die Möglichkeiten klinischer Studien erweitern. Künstliche Intelligenz wird Diagnosestellungen verbessern und beschleunigen und zum besseren Verständnis von Krankheitsbildern beitragen.Um auch zukünftig Innovationen zu ermöglichen, aufkommende Trends im Fokus zu haben und vor allem die Patientensicherheit weiter zu verbessern, trägt das Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM) an vielen Stellen dazu bei, die mit der Digitalisierung verbundenen Chancen in Möglichkeiten zu verwandeln – ohne dabei die Risiken aus dem Blick zu verlieren: Dazu gehören der Ausbau des Forschungsdatenzentrums, Aufgaben zu Interoperabilität und Klassifikationen sowie Ansätze zur datengestützten Signalerkennung aus Risikoinformationen. Wie darüber hinaus Forschungsprojekte unter Nutzung von künstlicher Intelligenz, (inter)nationale Kooperationen, die Einbeziehung von Real World Data in Nutzen-Risiko-Bewertungen, die Bewertung digitaler Gesundheits- und Pflegeanwendungen neben weiteren Aktivitäten zur „digital readiness“ in Deutschland und Europa beitragen, dazu im Folgenden ein Überblick.
Dual-frequency ultrasonic cleaning with diluted phosphoric acid solution for removing oxide scale of uncoated steel sheets in hot stamping
Authors: Nakamura Naotaka , Mori Ken-ichiro , Komatsu Tsuyoshi , Hayashi Takafumi , Suzuki Takayuki , Okazaki Tadashi , Abe Yohei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDual-frequency ultrasonic cleaning with a diluted phosphoric acid solution was developed to remove oxide scales on surfaces of hot-stamped parts from uncoated steel sheets, and conventional shot blasting processes are omitted. The removal of the oxide scale by ultrasonic cleaning is accelerated by the phosphoric acid solution and the dual frequency. The removing time for the phosphoric acid solution was shorter than that for a hydrochloric acid solution, and rust appearing for leaving after cleaning was prevented by generating an iron phosphate layer. In dual-frequency ultrasonic cleaning with the diluted phosphoric acid solution, the oxide scale was dissolved, and then the oxide scales were exfoliated from the thin scale and high-pressure portions. The removing time decreased with decreasing pH and oxide scale thickness and with increasing solution temperature. The surface roughness and distortion of an ultrasonic-cleaned hot-stamped part were smaller than those for shot blasting, and the weldability and paintability were similar. The oxide scale of a hot-stamped part having a nonuniform distribution of oxide scale thickness was successfully removed by dual-frequency ultrasonic cleaning with the diluted phosphoric acid solution.
Levels of structural change
Authors: Heinrich Torsten , Yang Jangho , Dai Shuanping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe investigate structural change in the PR China during a period of particularly rapid growth 1998-2014. For this, we utilize sectoral data from the World Input-Output Database and firm-level data from the Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database. Starting with correlation laws known from the literature (Fabricant’s laws), we investigate which empirical regularities hold at the sectoral level and show that many of these correlations cannot be recovered at the firm level. For a more detailed analysis, we propose a multi-level framework, which is validated empirically. For this, we perform a robust regression, since various input variables at the firm-level as well as the residuals of exploratory OLS regressions are found to be heavy-tailed. We conclude that Fabricant’s laws and other regularities are primarily characteristics of the sectoral level which rely on aspects like infrastructure, technology level, innovation capabilities, and the knowledge base of the relevant labor force. We illustrate our analysis by showing the development of some of the larger sectors in detail and offer some policy implications in the context of development economics, evolutionary economics, and industrial organization.
A short communication to define the overcurrent protection system of the CIGRE European benchmark distribution networks for RES penetration studies
Authors: Maza-Ortega J. M. , Zarco-Soto F. J. , Gkavanoudis S. , Tampakis D. , Demoulias C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe use of clean energies in distribution networks is an unstoppable trend which has a significant positive impact on the progressive power system decarbonization. However, it has to be considered that conventional distribution systems have been designed to operate as passive networks. Therefore, a massive penetration of distributed generation may create several operational problems, such as malfunction of the protection systems, which may limit the deployment of this technology. The analysis of these limitations by means of representative benchmark networks is of utmost importance. Most of the proposed benchmark networks proposed so far, however, lack of information about their protection system. To overcome this shortcoming, this letter specifies the protection system of the benchmark European distribution networks proposed by the CIGRE Task Force C06.04.02 for this purpose. In this way, this letter facilitates the analysis of the possible impact that renewable energy sources may have in the distribution system protections.
Sustained rubber hand illusion after the end of visuotactile stimulation with a similar time course for the reduction of subjective ownership and proprioceptive drift
Authors: Abdulkarim Z. , Hayatou Z. , Ehrsson H. H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe rubber hand illusion is a perceptual illusion in which participants experience an inanimate rubber hand as their own when they observe this model hand being stroked in synchrony with strokes applied to the person’s real hand, which is hidden. Earlier studies have focused on the factors that determine the elicitation of this illusion, the relative contribution of vision, touch and other sensory modalities involved and the best ways to quantify this perceptual phenomenon. Questionnaires serve to assess the subjective feeling of ownership, whereas proprioceptive drift is a measure of the recalibration of hand position sense towards the rubber hand when the illusion is induced. Proprioceptive drift has been widely used and thought of as an objective measure of the illusion, although the relationship between this measure and the subjective illusion is not fully understood. Here, we examined how long the illusion is maintained after the synchronous visuotactile stimulation stops with the specific aim of clarifying the temporal relationship in the reduction of both subjective ownership and proprioceptive drift. Our results show that both the feeling of ownership and proprioceptive drift are sustained for tens of seconds after visuotactile stroking has ceased. Furthermore, our results indicate that the reduction of proprioceptive drift and the feeling of ownership follow similar time courses in their reduction, suggesting that the two phenomena are temporally correlated. Collectively, these findings help us better understand the relationships of multisensory stimulation, subjective ownership, and proprioceptive drift in the rubber hand illusion.
Pleiotropy data resource as a primer for investigating co-morbidities/multi-morbidities and their role in disease
Authors: Muñoz-Fuentes Violeta , Haselimashhadi Hamed , Santos Luis , Westerberg Henrik , Parkinson Helen , Mason Jeremy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMost current biomedical and protein research focuses only on a small proportion of genes, which results in a lost opportunity to identify new gene-disease associations and explore new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) focuses on elucidating gene function at scale for poorly characterized and/or under-studied genes. A key component of the IMPC initiative is the implementation of a broad phenotyping pipeline, which is facilitating the discovery of pleiotropy. Characterizing pleiotropy is essential to identify gene-disease associations, and it is of particular importance when elucidating the genetic causes of syndromic disorders. Here we show how the IMPC is effectively uncovering pleiotropy and how the new mouse models and gene function hypotheses generated by the IMPC are increasing our understanding of the mammalian genome, forming the basis of new research and identifying new gene-disease associations.
Impact of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on resident soil and root mycobiomes in beech forests
Authors: Clausing S. , Likulunga L. E. , Janz D. , Feng H. Y. , Schneider D. , Daniel R. , Krüger J. , Lang F. , Polle A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractN and P are essential macronutrients for all organisms. How shifts in the availability of N or P affect fungal communities in temperate forests is not well understood. Here, we conducted a factorial P × N fertilization experiment to disentangle the effects of nutrient availability on soil-residing, root-associated, and ectomycorrhizal fungi in beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests differing in P availability. We tested the hypotheses that in P-poor forests, P fertilization leads to enhanced fungal diversity in soil and roots, resulting in enhanced P nutrition of beech, and that N fertilization aggravates P shortages, shifting the fungal communities toward nitrophilic species. In response to fertilizer treatments (1 × 50 kg ha−1 P and 5 × 30 kg ha−1 N within 2 years), the labile P fractions increased in soil and roots, regardless of plant-available P in soil. Root total P decreased in response to N fertilization and root total P increased in response to P addition at the low P site. Ectomycorrhizal species richness was unaffected by fertilizer treatments, but the relative abundances of ectomycorrhizal fungi increased in response to P or N addition. At the taxon level, fungal assemblages were unaffected by fertilizer treatments, but at the order level, different response patterns for saprotrophic fungi among soil and ectomycorrhizal fungi on roots were found. Boletales increased in response to P, and Russulales decreased under N + P addition. Our results suggest that trait conservatism in related species afforded resistance of the resident mycobiome composition to nutritional imbalances.
Diet quality and cardiometabolic health in childhood: the Generation R Study
Authors: Siddiqui Noreen Z. , Nguyen Anh N. , Santos Susana , Voortman Trudy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Diet is an important determinant of cardiometabolic disease risk in adults. We aimed to study associations of diet quality with cardiometabolic health in school-age children.

Methods
This study was embedded in the Generation R Study a prospective population-based cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands and included 3991 children. Food intake was assessed with a Food-Frequency Questionnaire at age 8 years. A diet quality score (0–10) was calculated reflecting adherence to age-specific dietary guidelines. The following outcome variables were measured at age 10 years and used to create a continuous cardiometabolic risk factor score: body fat percentage, insulin, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Outcomes were expressed in age- and sex-specific standard deviation scores (SDS). Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess associations between the diet quality score and the cardiometabolic risk factor score and with the individual cardiometabolic risk factors.

Results
In models adjusted for socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and BMI, a higher diet quality was associated with a lower cardiometabolic risk factor score [− 0.08 per point higher diet score, (95% CI − 0.15, − 0.001)]. This association was mainly driven by associations of higher diet quality with lower systolic [− 0.04 SD (95% CI − 0.06, − 0.01)] and diastolic blood pressure [− 0.05 SD, (95% CI − 0.07, − 0.02)]. No statistically significant associations were found for insulin, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, or body fat percentage as individual factors.

Conclusions
We found an association between higher diet quality and better cardiometabolic health in childhood, mainly driven by a lower blood pressure. Further research is needed to explore associations of diet quality in childhood with long-term cardiometabolic health.