bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The number of glomeruli and pyruvate metabolism is not strongly coupled in the healthy rat kidney
Authors: Bech Sabrina Kahina , Qi Haiyun , Mariager Christian Østergaard , Hansen Esben Søvsø Szocska , Ilicak Efe , Zöllner Frank G. , Laustsen Christoffer 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe number of glomeruli is different in men and women, as they also present different prevalence and progression of chronic kidney disease. A recent study has demonstrated a potential difference in renal metabolism between sexes, and a potential explanation could be the differences in glomeruli number. This study investigates the potential correlation between glomerular number and pyruvate metabolism in healthy kidneys.MethodsThis study is an experimental study with rats (N = 12). We used cationized‐ferritin MRI to visualize and count glomeruli and hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate to map the metabolism. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI was used to analyze kidney hemodynamics using gadolinium tracer.ResultsData showed no or subtle correlation between the number of glomeruli and the pyruvate metabolism. Minor differences were observed in the number of glomeruli (female = 24,509 vs. male = 26 350; p = .16), renal plasma flow (female = 606.6 vs. male= 455.7 ml/min/100 g; p = .18), and volume of distribution (female = 87.44 vs. male = 76.61 ml/100 ml; p = .54) between sexes. Mean transit time was significantly prolonged in males compared with females (female = 8.868 s vs. male = 10.63 s; p = .04).ConclusionNo strong statistically significant correlation between the number of glomeruli and the pyruvate metabolism was found in healthy rat kidneys.
Adaptive multi‐surrogate‐based constrained optimization method and its application
Authors: Qu Jie , Han Xiao‐Yao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article presents an adaptive multi‐surrogate constrained optimization method (AMSCOM) that can automatically determine the appropriate metamodel for each black‐box function in the constrained optimization problem (COP) and concurrently find the optimum. In AMSCOM, each black‐box function is approximated initially by several different types of candidate surrogates. Then, as optimization progresses, the poorly performing candidate surrogates of each black‐box function are gradually eliminated until the appropriate surrogate is found. Meanwhile, as more than one candidate surrogate exists for each unknown function in the optimization process, multiple approximate optimization problems (AOPs) can be constructed, and new samples can be obtained by solving these AOPs. Additionally, we employ the genetic operator and the local‐linear approximation–Voronoi method to generate new samples. To verify the effectiveness and investigate several properties of AMSCOM, the proposed method is tested on 12 benchmark COPs and compared with several single surrogate‐based methods. Furthermore, AMSCOM is compared with several published surrogate‐based constrained optimization methods, and the results further prove the superior performance of AMSCOM. The proposed method is then employed to optimize the shaft‐clinching process of wheel‐hub‐bearing units, and a desirable result is achieved.
A greedy reduced basis algorithm for structural acoustic systems with parameter and implicit frequency dependence
Authors: Jelich Christopher , Koji Baydoun Suhaib , Voigt Matthias , Marburg Steffen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, a greedy reduced basis algorithm is proposed for the solution of structural acoustic systems with parameter and implicit frequency dependence. The underlying equations of linear time‐harmonic elastodynamics and acoustics are discretized using the finite element and boundary element method, respectively. The solution within the parameter domain is determined by a linear combination of reduced basis vectors. This basis is generated iteratively and given by the responses of the structural acoustic system at certain parameter samples. A greedy approach is followed by evaluating the next basis vector at the parameter sample which is currently approximated worst. The algorithm runs on a small training set which bounds the memory requirements and allows applications to large‐scale problems with high‐dimensional parameter domains. The computational efficiency of the proposed scheme is illustrated based on two numerical examples: a point‐excited spherical shell submerged in water and a satellite structure subject to a diffuse sound pressure field excitation.
Greater within‐person weight variability during infancy predicts future increases in z‐BMI
Authors: Lowe Michael R. , Benson Leora , Zhang Fengquig 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study tested the hypothesis that greater weight variability (WV; measured as root mean square error [RMSE]) during the first year of life predicts weight gain at year two and greater WV during the second year of life predicts greater weight gain at year three.MethodsThis was a prospective study using mother and offspring data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Infant z‐BMI (BMI z score) and WV scores were calculated separately during years one and two. Maternal demographic, weight, and nursing‐related measures were also used in analyses.ResultsSample sizes in year‐one and year‐two analyses were 814 (448 male; 366 female) and 783 (432 male; 351 female), respectively. RMSE in year one significantly predicted z‐BMI change in year two (β [SE]: 0.32 [0.12]; p = 0.01; adjusted R2 = 0.07), controlling for z‐BMI change in year one and z‐BMI at birth. Similar significant prediction was found using year‐two RMSE for year‐three z‐BMI (β [SE]: 0.33 [0.14]; p = 0.02; adjusted R2 = 0.10). Maternal characteristics were not related to RMSE in year one or year two.ConclusionsPrevious findings that WV predicts subsequent increases in body mass in adults were, for the first time, extended to infants.
Clinical characteristics and effectiveness of antiviral agents in hospitalized children with infectious mononucleosis in China: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Hu Huili , Deng Huiling , Bi Jing , Xu Yi , Li Shuangjie , Xie Yue , Sun Xinrong , Wang Dongmeng , Li Xufang , Ouyang Wenxian , Hu Bing , Zhang Yufeng , Tang He , Fang Chunxiao , Zhang Hui , Guo Lingyun , Wang Chen , Wang Tianyi , Yang Fengxia , Jiang Tao , Xie Zhengde , Liu Gang 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTImportanceThe clinical characteristics of infectious mononucleosis (IM) in Chinese children have not been evaluated in multicenter studies, and the effectiveness of antiviral treatment are controversial.ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics of Chinese children with IM and current status of antiviral therapy for affected patients.MethodsHospitalized patients with IM were enrolled between 2018 and 2020 in five children’s hospitals in China. The clinical characteristics were compared among four age groups: <3 years, 3–<6 years, 6–<10 years, and ≥10 years. The clinical characteristics of IM and effectiveness of antiviral therapy were compared among patients receiving acyclovir (ACV), ganciclovir (GCV), and no antiviral therapy (i.e., non‐antiviral group).ResultsIn total, 499 patients were analyzed; most patients were 3–<6 years of age. The most common symptoms and signs included fever (100%), lymphadenopathy (98.6%), pharyngitis (86.4%), eyelid edema (76.8%), and snoring (72.9%). There were significant differences in rash, hepatomegaly, and liver dysfunction among the four age groups. Patients aged < 3 years had a lower incidence of liver dysfunction and a higher incidence of rash. Among the 499 patients, 50.1% were treated with GCV, 26.3% were treated with ACV, and 23.6% received no antiviral therapy. Compared with the non‐antiviral group, patients in the ACV and GCV groups had longer durations of fever (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the incidences of complications among the three treatment groups.InterpretationThe incidence of IM in Chinese children peaked at 3–<6 years of age. Clinical features of IM varied according to age. Patients receiving antiviral therapy exhibited more serious clinical manifestations than did patients without antiviral therapy. The effectiveness of antiviral therapy for IM requires further analysis.
Ultrasound and shear‐wave elastography characteristics of the iliocapsularis muscle in pincer‐type femoroacetabular impingement
Authors: Wang Cuiping , Cui Ligang , Xu Yan , Xue Heng , Sun Youjing , Fu Qiang , Jiang Ling 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe iliocapsularis muscle is a structure of the anterior hip, which may play a key role in stabilizing the hip joint, but to our knowledge no studies exist describing ultrasound (US) and shear‐wave characteristics of this muscle.ObjectivesTo investigate the anatomic dimensions and elasticity of the iliocapsularis muscle in patients with pincer‐type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and normal hips using gray‐scale US and shear‐wave elastography (SWE).DesignCase‐control study.SettingSports medicine and ultrasound department within a tertiary hospital.ParticipantsThirty‐three patients (33 hips) with pincer‐type FAI and 37 healthy volunteers (37 hips).InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresUS parameters (anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter and circumference) of the iliocapsularis muscle in patients with pincer‐type FAI and volunteers. Shear‐wave velocity and Young's modulus of the iliocapsularis muscle in patients with pincer‐type FAI and volunteers in both neutral and external rotation positions.ResultsSignificant differences were not observed in the anatomic dimensions of the iliocapsularis muscle between patients with pincer‐type FAI and volunteers. The iliocapsularis muscle in patients with pincer‐type FAI had significantly lower shear‐wave velocity and Young's modulus than the volunteers (p < .05). The cutoff value of the maximum velocity in the external rotation position was 3.35 m/s, which separated pincer‐type FAI patients from volunteers and revealed the highest accuracy with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 78.8%, 48.6%, and 64.3%, respectively.ConclusionThe anatomic dimensions of the iliocapsularis muscle in pincer‐type FAI patients and volunteers were similar; however, iliocapsularis stiffness in patients with pincer‐type FAI was significantly lower than that of the volunteers. SWE can demonstrate altered muscle stiffness of the iliocapsularis muscle in pincer‐type FAI patients, which might be used to help make clinical decisions.
Sensitivity of low‐tropospheric Arctic temperatures to assimilation of AIRS cloud‐cleared radiances: Impact on midlatitude waves
Authors: McGrath‐Spangler Erica L. , Ganeshan Manisha , Reale Oreste , Boukachaba Niama , McCarty Will , Gelaro Ronald 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work it is shown that the prediction of individual midlatitude waves in a global forecast framework may benefit from the assimilation of cloud‐cleared radiances (CCRs) from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). The assimilation of CCRs, relative to clear‐sky radiances, provides more information in high‐latitude areas affected by broken low‐level stratus clouds, which are common over north polar latitudes during the summer and autumn seasons. This added information in cloudy regions produces slightly lower low‐level temperatures and lower mid‐tropospheric heights (through hydrostatic adjustment) over the Arctic and part of northeastern Siberia. In areas that are both dynamically unstable (with the potential for rapid error growth) and data void (as observed by clear‐sky radiances), the assimilation of CCRs provides valuable information that can improve the representation of individual baroclinic waves and their subsequent forecasts. The assimilation of AIRS CCRs slightly modifies the geopotential height gradients between the Arctic and the midlatitudes, leading to improvements in the forecast of individual baroclinic waves, as is shown through three case‐studies. The set of observing system experiments (OSEs) is performed with the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) data assimilation and forecast system during boreal autumn 2014. AIRS CCRs are thinned to approximately one quarter the density of operationally assimilated AIRS radiances, consistent with their higher information content. Global 6‐hourly analyses are produced from 01 September to 10 November 2014 and seven‐day forecasts are initialized at 0000 UTC daily. Since the CCR methodology is widely applicable, these findings are also relevant to other infrared sensors.
The impact of a random vector with variables from normal and non‐normal distributions on multivariate control charts
Authors: Nidsunkid Sudarat , Lao Mena , Thaithanan Jeeraporn 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMultivariate control charts are widely used to simultaneously monitor several quality characteristics for detecting the mean changes in manufacturing industry processes. A multivariate Shewhart, multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) and multivariate cumulative sum (MCUSUM) are types of multivariate control charts which have been discussed extensively. For those control charts, a multivariate normal distribution is an important assumption that is used to describe a behavior of a set of quality characteristics. However, sometimes the normal assumption is violated. This research explores the sensitivity of an average run length (ARL), the standard deviation of run length (SDRL) and the shape of distribution of run length for multivariate Shewhart, MEWMA, and MCUSUM control charts when the distribution of some quality characteristics (or variables) in a random vector are not normal. The results show how robust or sensitive multivariate control charts are to violations of the multivariate normal assumption.
Resilient observer design of sensor fault estimation for discrete‐time multi‐agent systems: A distributed approach
Authors: Xia Jingping , Jiang Bin , Zhang Ke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, the issue of distributed sensor fault estimation with resilient property is studied for a class of multi‐agent systems. Based on the relative output information, a novel fault estimation design is presented to estimate sensor fault and state vectors simultaneously. Meanwhile, the variation of observer gain is considered to improve the robustness of fault estimation observer. Furthermore, robust performance is used to suppress the influence of external interference on sensor fault estimation error. Finally, simulations are provided to present effectiveness of the developed approach.
All‐Inorganic CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 Perovskite/ZnO for Detection of NO with Enhanced Response and Low‐Work Temperature
Authors: Wang Yindan , Wang Zhenzhen , Lin Pei , Wu Di , Shi Zhifeng , Chen Xu , Xu Tingting , Wang Xinchang , Tian Yongtao , Li Xinjian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHigh‐sensitive detection of NO is very important to protect environment and human health. In this study, the composites of ZnO nanorods and CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 particles are synthesized successfully and used as sensing materials for detection of NO, in which the as‐prepared samples exhibit ultra‐high response and excellent selectivity to NO at 50 °C. Toward 100 ppm NO, the response is up to about 2296. The samples can high‐sensitively detect 1 ppm NO with response of about 6, demonstrating a low detection limit. The high response of CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6/ZnO could be attributed to the multiple heterojunctions formed among three materials. The results demonstrated that the composites of CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 and ZnO should be a promising material for preparing the high‐sensitive NO sensors at low temperature.
Facile Synthesis of Novel Polyethyleneimine Functionalized Polymeric Protic Ionic Liquids (PolyE‐ILs) with Protagonist Properties for Acid Catalysis
Authors: Ukarde Tejas M. , Mahale Jyoti S. , Pandey Preeti H. , Vasishta Ayush , Harrish A. M. Joe Cyril , Pawar Hitesh S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolyethyleneimine (PEI), a potent architecture backbone was explored for the synthesis of novel polymeric ionic liquids (PolyE‐ILs) with protagonist properties. The simple quaternization of PEI dendrimer with Bronsted acids (H2SO4, H3PO4, CH3SO3H, CF3COOH and TsOH) leads to formation of series of protic PolyE‐ILs with corresponding counter anions [HSO4]−, [H2PO4]−, [CH3SO3]−, [CF3COO]− and [TsO]−. The physicochemical properties of synthesized PolyE‐ILs were studied by using TGA, Hammett acidity, hydrodynamic radii, solubility, and elemental analysis. PolyE‐ILs showed characteristic Hammett acidity (0.94–1.78), good thermal stability (<250 °C) and enhanced hydrodynamic radii. However, use of PolyE‐IL can be promoted for their wide applications as an acid catalysts. The reported PolyE‐IL‐1 with sulfonic acid counter ion was explored as catalyst for esterification of (E)‐cinnamic acids and it showed good catalytic activity. The enhanced hydrodynamic radii due to the branched architecture of PEI dendrimers facilities the separation process via Nanofiltration (NF) membrane with no membrane fouling. Thus, PolyE‐ILs can be highly active, easily recoverable, and reusable catalyst for esterification reactions with superior sustainability and economics. In addition to this the present one pot PolyE‐IL synthesis process is non‐complex and simple as compared to conventional post polymerization, ion exchange, and nucleophilic addition etc., strategies for synthesis of PILs.
SiOx Anode: From Fundamental Mechanism toward Industrial Application
Authors: Li Haoyu , Li Haodong , Yang Zhiwei , Yang Liwen , Gong Jueying , Liu Yuxia , Wang Gongke , Zheng Zhuo , Zhong Benhe , Song Yang , Zhong Yanjun , Wu Zhenguo , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSilicon monoxide (SiO) has been explored and confirmed as a promising anode material of lithium‐ion batteries. Compared with pure silicon, SiO possesses a more stable microstructure which makes better comprehensive electrochemical properties. However, the lithiation mechanism remains in dispute, and problems such as poor cyclability, unsatisfactory electrical conductivity, and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) need to be addressed. Additionally, more attention needs to be paid on the internal relationship between electrochemical performances and structures. In this review, the different preparation processes, the derived microstructure of the SiOx, the corresponding lithiation mechanism, and electrochemical properties are summarized. Researches about disproportionation reaction which is regarded as a key point and other modifications are systematically introduced. Closely linked with structure, the advantages and disadvantages of various SiOx anode materials are summarized and analyzed, and the possible directions toward the practical applications of SiOx anode material are presented. In a word, from the preparation and reaction mechanism of the material to the modifications and future development, a complete and systematical review on SiOx anode is presented.
Risks and risk mitigation in global software development: An update
Authors: Barros‐Justo José L. , Benitti Fabiane B. V. , Molleri Jefferson S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractContext: Interest in global software development (GSD) has led to the publication of numerous studies. Over time, these studies should be updated to verify if their findings and conclusions remain valid.Objective: To update a tertiary study, published in 2014, focused on investigating risks and risk mitigation advice in the context of GSD.Method: We conducted a systematic literature study based on forward snowballing, out of which we identified and selected 25 unique studies.Results: We extracted: (a) 118 risks (75 of which already identified in the original work), and (b) 167 mitigation advice (44 of which were identified in the original work). Out of 43 new risks identified, just 10 are specific to GSD settings; the others are risks of the software process described in the context of GSD. The evidence supporting these risks and mitigation were extracted from 619 and 389 primary sources, respectively. Given the amount of evidence found, we have reported only those with higher empirical support. The raw data is available online as complementary material.Conclusions: Interest in GSD, its potential risks, and mitigation strategies, remains high. This update has allowed increasing the level of empirical support provided by the findings of the original work.
Universal renormalization procedure for higher curvature gravities in D ≤ 5
Authors: Araya Ignacio J. , Edelstein José D. , Sánchez Alberto Rivadulla , Rodríguez David Vázquez , López Alejandro Vilar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We implement a universal method for renormalizing AdS gravity actions applicable to arbitrary higher curvature theories in up to five dimensions. The renormalization procedure considers the extrinsic counterterm for Einstein-AdS gravity given by the Kounterterms scheme, but with a theory-dependent coupling constant that is fixed by the requirement of renormalization for the vacuum solution. This method is shown to work for a generic higher curvature gravity with arbitrary couplings except for a zero measure subset, which includes well-known examples where the asymptotic behavior is modified and the AdS vacua are degenerate, such as Chern-Simons gravity in 5D, Conformal Gravity in 4D and New Massive Gravity in 3D. In order to show the universality of the scheme, we perform a decomposition of the equations of motion into their normal and tangential components with respect to the Poincare coordinate and study the Fefferman-Graham expansion of the metric. We verify the cancellation of divergences of the on-shell action and the well-posedness of the variational principle.
The widening rift between aesthetics and ethics in the design of computational things
Authors: Hauser Sabrina , Redström Johan , Wiltse Heather 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the face of massively increased technological complexity, it is striking that so many of today’s computational and networked things follow design ideals honed decades ago in a much different context. These strong ideals prescribe a presentation of things as useful tools through design and a withdrawal of aspects of their functionality and complexity. Beginning in the mid-twentieth century, we trace this ‘withdrawal program’ as it has persisted in the face of increasing computational complexity. Currently, design is in a dilemma where computational products can be seen as brilliantly designed and engaging to use yet can also be considered very problematic in how they support hidden agendas and often seem less than trustworthy. In this article, we analyse factors shaping this emergent ethical dilemma and reveal the concept ofa widening riftbetween what computationalthings actually are and doandthe ways in which they are presented as things for use. Against this backdrop, we argue that there is a need for a new orientation in design programs to adequately address this deepening rupture between the aesthetics and ethics in the design of computational things.