bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel somatic alterations in unicentric and idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease
Authors: Goodman Aaron M. , Jeong Ah‐Reum , Phillips Alexis , Wang Huan‐You , Sokol Ethan S. , Cohen Philip R. , Sicklick Jason , Fajgenbaum David C. , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesCastleman disease (CD) is a heterogeneous group of disorders involving systemic inflammation and lymphoproliferation. Recently, clonal mutations have been identified in unicentric CD (UCD) and idiopathic multicentric CD (iMCD), suggesting a potential underlying neoplastic process.MethodsPatients with UCD or iMCD with next generation sequencing (NGS) data on tissue DNA and/or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) were included.ResultsFive patients were included, 4 with iMCD and 1 with UCD. Four patients (80%) were women; median age was 40 years. Three of five patients (60%) had ≥1 clonal mutation detected on biopsy among the genes included in the panel. One patient with iMCD had a 14q32‐1p35 rearrangement and a der(1)dup(1)(q42q21)del(1)(q42) (1q21 being IL‐6R locus) on karyotype. This patient also had a NF1 K2459fs alteration on ctDNA (0.3%). Another patient with iMCD had a KDM5C Q836* mutation, and one patient with UCD had a TNS3‐ALK fusion but no ALK expression by immunohistochemistry.ConclusionsWe report 4 novel somatic alterations found in patients with UCD or iMCD. The 1q21 locus contains IL‐6R, and duplication of this locus may increase IL‐6 expression. These findings suggest that a clonal process may be responsible for the inflammatory phenotype in some patients with UCD and iMCD.
Studies on women academics in Chinese academic journals: A review
Authors: Tang Li , Horta Hugo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper explores how women academics in Chinese higher education have been understood as a topic of research by conducting a comprehensive review of publications on the theme in Chinese national academic journals, that is, national journals written in Chinese. The study identifies publication trends and key research issues concerning academic women in China, adopting a knowledge mapping perspective that unveils research and methodological choices, including data collection methods used in Chinese national journals since the mid‐1980s, when the first publication on women academics was identified. The study finds that despite the rapid expansion of the population of women academics in the Chinese higher education system, this topic has been intermittently researched: interest in it peaked in the early 2010s but has declined since then. Past interest in the topic would be largely activated by governmental policy considerations and changes, but would become relatively dormant during periods of lower policy activity. The research has been mainly focused on policy and practice, and has lacked long‐term perspectives; it has not always acknowledged societal and structural challenges that academic women face, and has not engaged in theory building. The latter is probably because much of the knowledge production has been based on personal opinions and views, and has suffered from a lack of critical thinking, a reliance on largely unsophisticated methods, and findings that are not generalisable.
Effect of an opt‐out point‐of‐care HIV‐1 nucleic acid testing intervention to detect acute and prevalent HIV infection in symptomatic adult outpatients and reduce HIV transmission in Kenya: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sanders Eduard J. , Agutu Clara , van der Elst Elise , Hassan Amin , Gichuru Evanson , Mugo Peter , Farquhar Carey , Babigumira Joseph B. , Goodreau Steven M. , Hamilton Deven T. , Ndung'u Thumbi , Sirengo Martin , Chege Wairimu , Graham Susan M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn sub‐Saharan Africa, adult outpatients with symptoms of acute infectious illness are not routinely tested for prevalent or acute HIV infection (AHI) when seeking healthcare.MethodsAdult symptomatic outpatients aged 18–39 years were evaluated by a consensus AHI risk score. Patients with a risk score ≥ 2 and no previous HIV diagnosis were enrolled in a stepped‐wedge trial of opt‐out delivery of point‐of‐care (POC) HIV‐1 nucleic acid testing (NAAT), compared with standard provider‐initiated HIV testing using rapid tests in the observation period. The primary outcome was the number of new diagnoses in each study period. Generalized estimating equations with a log‐binomial link and robust variance estimates were used to account for clustering by health facility. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03508908.ResultsBetween 2017 and 2020, 13 (0.9%) out of 1374 participants in the observation period and 37 (2.5%) out of 1500 participants in the intervention period were diagnosed with HIV infection. Of the 37 newly diagnosed cases in the intervention period, two (5.4%) had AHI. Participants in the opt‐out intervention had a two‐fold greater odds of being diagnosed with HIV (odds ratio = 2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.39–3.51) after adjustment for factors imbalanced across study periods.ConclusionsAmong symptomatic adults aged 18–39 years targeted by our POC NAAT intervention, we identified one chronic HIV infection for every 40 patients and one AHI patient for every 750 patients tested. Although AHI yield was low in this population, routinely offered opt‐out testing could diagnose twice as many patients as an approach relying on provider discretion.
Effect of Propolis mouthwash on clinical periodontal parameters in patients with gingivitis: A double‐blinded randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kiani Sima , Birang Reza , Jamshidian Niloofar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesPeriodontal diseases have multifactorial aetiology and are primarily caused by pathogenic bacteria. Using antibacterial mouthwashes as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control can effectively improve the quality of oral hygiene maintenance at home. This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of a propolis‐containing mouthwash in gingivitis treatment.MethodsThis clinical trial evaluated 32 patients with gingivitis in two groups (n=16). The intervention group received a mouthwash containing propolis extract while the control group received the same mouthwash without the propolis extract. The papillary bleeding index (PBI), plaque index (PI) and tooth discoloration were evaluated in each patient at baseline (before the intervention) and at 15 and 30 days, after treatment. To facilitate the follow‐up evaluations, the measurements were recorded for the tooth with the most inflamed gingiva in each quadrant (n = 128). The two groups were compared using the Mann‐Whitney test.ResultsThe change in PI was 85.19 ± 51.6% in the propolis and 83.93 ± 36.1% in the placebo group with no significant difference between them (p = 0.91). The reduction in papillary bleeding index was significantly greater in the propolis group compared with the placebo group (p < 0.001). The change in tooth colour over time was significant in the placebo and insignificant in the propolis group (p = 0.14).ConclusionsConsidering the current findings, it seems that propolis mouthwash can effectively decrease gingival inflammation and bleeding, without causing tooth discoloration or staining. Considering the limitations of this study such as small sample size (based on participants and also number of teeth included in the study), future studies are warranted on this topic.
Missed nursing care in hospital environments during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Gurková Elena , Mikšová Zdeňka , Šáteková Lenka 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies performed in Central European countries showed a high prevalence of missed nursing care in various clinical settings before the COVID‐19 pandemic.AimsThe aim of the study was to investigate which domains of the work environment were significant predictors of missed nursing care activities in Czech hospitals during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was used. The RANCARE guideline and STROBE checklist were followed for reporting in the study. The sample consisted of 371 nurses from four acute care hospitals. The MISSCARE Survey and the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index questionnaires were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using multiple linear and logistic regression analyses.ResultsNurses reporting unfavorable environments consistently describe a higher frequency of episodes of missed care. Prevalence estimates of missed care in Czech acute care hospitals during the COVID‐19 pandemic was predicted from the overtime work, the nurses’ perception of the “Nursing foundations for the quality of care,” and their satisfaction with their current position.ConclusionsMissed nursing care could be mitigated by improving the nurses’ work environment. Domains of the nurse work environment are known as structural modifiable factors and their refinement could be a cornerstone for interventions to reduce the prevalence of missed nursing care.Implications for nursing policyMonitoring the conditions and aspects of the nurse work environment in hospitals and considering nurses’ concerns about the work environment on an ongoing basis are important strategies for nurse supervision as well as for policymakers.
Prevalence of hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM): A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: McCarra Charlotte , Olegário Isabel Cristina , O’Connell Anne C. , Leith Rona 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the prevalence of HSPM worldwide on a child and a tooth level and investigate the influence of diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of HSPM.DesignA comprehensive literature search was performed through MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The grey literature was also screened as were the reference lists of included studies. An adaptation of the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. A meta‐analysis was performed to determine the pooled prevalence of HSPM.ResultsThe search strategy identified 1,988 articles, 487 were retrieved for full‐text evaluation, and 37 studies were included in the meta‐analysis (32 for child and 23 for tooth level prevalence), providing data from 26,805 individuals and 81,107 molars. The prevalence of HSPM was 6.8% (95% CI 4.98%‐8.86%) on a child level and 4.08% on a tooth level (95% CI = 2.80%‐5.59%). The diagnostic criteria used did not seem to influence the prevalence results (P > .05). The majority of the papers (75%) showed a low‐to‐moderate risk of bias.ConclusionThere was a broad variation in the prevalence reported that may be attributed to differences in the study population. The present meta‐analysis showed a HSPM prevalence worldwide of 6.8% on a child level and 4.1% on a tooth level.
Drawing with Art‐Well‐Being: Intergenerational Co‐Creation with Seniors, Children and the Living Museum
Authors: Burke Geraldine , Alfrey Laura , Hall Clare , O’Connor Justen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article explores how the Museum, Art and Wellbeing project brought primary school children and seniors from the same local community together to engage in explorative activities designed to reveal individual and mutual assets for wellbeing. The Museum, Art and Wellbeing project undertook a participatory arts‐based approach to investigate how the assets of a large public institution such as Museums Victoria, Australia could reach out and engage different community groups. The seniors came from a local University of the Third Age (U3A) which offers a wide range of classes but does not usually engage with primary schools. Children at the primary school engage in art learning and separate wellbeing learning but these age‐stage sessions, as designated to incremental year levels, had not previously included direct involvement of seniors in learning activities. For both groups, the connection to Victoria’s state museums is marked by previous occasional one‐off visits. Museum resources have not been considered as ongoing assets for wellbeing that link to the local community in the way that this project does. The university’s role in brokering such connections by deploying often ignored human/institutional assets to support health and strengthen community has been explored in papers by fellow researchers, Justen O’Connor and Laura Alfrey. Our enquiry is extended in this article by focusing on how art education, specifically art‐making, and intergenerational learning can strengthen community and enhance wellbeing across school and community‐based educational contexts and museums.
Chalcomoracin prevents vitreous‐induced activation of AKT and migration of retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Han Haote , Yang Yanhui , Liu Bing , Tian Jingkui , Dong Lijun , Qi Hui , Zhu Wei , Wang Jiantao , Lei Hetian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRetinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are the major cell type in the epi‐ or sub‐retinal membranes in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), which is a blinding fibrotic eye disease and still short of effective medicine. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate whether Chalocomoracin (CMR), a novel purified compound from fungus‐infected mulberry leaves, is able to inhibit vitreous‐induced signalling events and cellular responses intrinsic to PVR. Our studies have revealed that the CMR IC50 for ARPE‐19 cells is 35.5 μmol/L at 72 hours, and that 5 μmol/L CMR inhibits vitreous‐induced Akt activation and p53 suppression; in addition, we have discovered that this chemical effectively blocks vitreous‐stimulated proliferation, migration and contraction of ARPE‐19 cells, suggesting that CMR is a promising PVR prophylactic.
Age, growth and reproductive life‐history characteristics infer a high population productivity for the sustainably fished protogynous hermaphroditic yellowspotted rockcod (Epinephelus areolatus) in north‐western Australia
Authors: Boddington Dion K. , Wakefield Corey B. , Fisher Emily A. , Fairclough David V. , Harvey Euan S. , Newman Stephen J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe yellowspotted rockcod,Epinephelus areolatus, is a small‐sized grouper that is widely distributed throughout the Indo‐Pacific, where it forms a valuable component of the harvest derived from multispecies fisheries along continental and insular shelves. Samples ofE. areolatuswere collected from 2012 to 2018 from commercial catches and research surveys in the Kimberley, Pilbara and Gascoyne regions of north‐western Australia to improve the understanding of the life history, inherent vulnerability and stock status of this species. Histological analysis of gonads (n = 1889) determined thatE. areolatuswas a monandric protogynous hermaphrodite. Non‐functional spermatogenic crypts were dispersed within the ovaries of 23% of mature functioning females; nonetheless, these crypts were not observed during the immature female phase. The length and age at which 50% of females matured were 266 mm total length (LT) and 2.7 years, respectively. The spawning period was protracted over 10–12 months of the year with biannual peaks at the start of spring and autumn (i.e., September and March) when the photoperiod was at its mid‐range (i.e., 12.1 h). Estimates of the lengths and ages at which 50% ofE. areolatuschange sex from female to male were very similar (i.e., <5% difference) between the Kimberley and Pilbara regions,i.e.,of 364 and 349 mmLTandof 7.9 and 7.3 years, respectively. A maximum age of 19 years was observed in all three regions, but there was significant regional variation in growth. These variations in growth were not correlated with latitude; instead a parabolic relationship was evident, where the smallest mean length‐at‐age and fastest growth rates (k) occurred in the mid‐latitudes of the Pilbara region. In the Kimberley and Pilbara regions, individuals were not fully selected by commercial fish traps until 5–6 years of age, hence, several years after reaching maturity. These life‐history characteristics infer a high population productivity, which underpins the sustainable harvest of this species, despite comprising the largest catches of all epinephelids in the multispecies tropical fisheries across north‐western Australia.
Optimization of maltodextrin (10DE)—Sucrose moderated microwave osmotic dehydration of mango cubes under continuous flow spray mode (MWODS) conditions
Authors: Shinde Bhakti , Ramaswamy Hosahalli S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe process of microwave osmotic dehydration of mango was optimized under continuous flow medium spray conditions (MWODS) with maltodextrin (10DE) moderated sucrose solutions. Optimization was carried out using a response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable (CCRD) design with three input variables at five levels (temperature, 33°C to 66.7°C; sucrose:maltodextrin ratio from 100:0 to 80:20; and solute concentration, 33 to 66.7%). The response parameters used for optimization were moisture loss (ML), solids gain (SG), weight reduction (WR), ML/SG ratio, color and texture values. For each response, RSM models (p < .05) were developed. As expected, all output variables were responsive to process variables and addition of maltodextrin to sucrose was found to have a significant effect on reducing the SG and increasing ML/SG, and total solute concentration had significant effects on ML, SG and quality parameters. The process was optimized by desirability approach and MWODS at 56°C with total osmotic solute 46% concentration and 84:16 sucrose:maltodextrin proportion had the highest desirability value. Selection of constraints was an influential factor as well.Practical ApplicationsOsmotic dehydration (OD) has many advantages, but is a slow process. Carrying out OD in MW environment accelerates the process, enhances moisture loss (ML) and limits the solids gain (SG). The quality of OD foods is related to ML/SG ratio and the MWOD process enhances ML/SG. This can be further enhanced by incorporating high molecular solutes like maltodextrins. This research optimizes the maltodextrin moderated MWOD process under continuous medium flow conditions. The process offers significant potential for reducing the treatment time (to 30 min) and improve the ML/SG ratio. The resulting product can be finish dried, used as intermediate moisture food or frozen (dehydrofreezing).
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Linta Nikolina , Pey Pascaline , Baron Toaldo Marco , Pietra Marco , Felici Manuel , Bettini Giuliano , Cipone Mario , Diana Alessia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundContrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) is used to evaluate vascularity of the gastrointestinal wall in neoplastic and inflammatory diseases.ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of CEUS for the evaluation of duodenal perfusion in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).AnimalsForty‐two dogs with IBD and 20 clinically healthy dogs.MethodsAll CEUS studies of the duodenum were analyzed to obtain time‐intensity curves and perfusion parameters. The procedure was repeated in 12 IBD dogs 2 months after a standardized treatment.ResultsOn CEUS, the duodenal wall showed a typical perfusion pattern characterized by a radial and simultaneous enhancement of the wall in all dogs. On qualitative assessment, no differences were observed in contrast medium distribution between healthy and affected dogs, or between dogs with IBD before and after treatment. Peak intensity (PI) and area under the curve (AUC) significantly differed between healthy (PI = 3.58 arbitrary units [au; 1.86‐4.93 au] and AUC = 47.63 au seconds [aus, 22.68‐62.15]) and affected dogs (PI = 5.10 au [0.63‐15.16 au] and AUC = 63.62 aus [5.31‐212.20 aus]; P = .03 and .03, respectively). No significant differences were found for the perfusion parameters before and after treatment.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWe showed that CEUS allows discrimination between IBD affected dogs and healthy dogs by evaluation of time‐intensity curves, but did not provide useful information for monitoring therapeutic response. The qualitative assessment identified no significant differences between healthy and affected dogs, or between dogs before and after treatment.
Long‐distance communication through systemic macromolecular signaling mediates stress defense responses in plants
Authors: Zhang Guanghai , Kong Guanghui , Li Yongping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLand plants have a unique vascular bundle system that ranges in length from a few centimeters to hundreds of meters. These systems integrate the various organs of the whole plant, perform material exchange between different plant tissues and mediate the transmission of signals between cells or over long distances. Grafting and parasitism can reshape the vascular tissues of different ecotypes or species and represent two important systems for studying plant systemic signaling. In recent years, with the advancement of genomics and sequencing technology, the transportation, identification, and function of systemic plant macromolecules have been extensively studied. Here, we review the current body of knowledge of the transport pathways and regulatory mechanisms of macromolecules in plants and assess systemic, long‐distance signal trafficking that mediates stress responses, and plant–environment or plant–insect community interactions. Additionally, we propose several methods for identifying mobile mRNAs and proteins. Finally, we discuss the challenges facing systemic signaling research and put forth the most urgent questions that need to be answered to advance our understanding of plant systemic signaling.
Long‐term effects of bone char and lignocellulosic biochar‐based soil amendments on phosphorus adsorption–desorption and crop yield in low‐input acidic soils
Authors: Wakweya Temesgen , Nigussie Abebe , Worku Gebeyanesh , Biresaw Armaye , Aticho Abebayheu , Hirko Obsu , Ambaw Gebermedihin , Mamuye Melkamu , Dume Bayu , Ahmed Milkiyas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough the addition of biochar has been shown to reduce the phosphorus (P) adsorption capacity of soil, quantitative evidence of this has mainly been provided by incubation experiments and it is therefore essential to conduct long‐term field trials to draw general conclusions. It is largely unknown whether bone char has a greater effect than lignocellulosic biochar on P adsorption–desorption processes and crop yield. The aim of this study was to determine the long‐term (8 years) effect of bone char and biochar on P adsorption–desorption and crop yield in low‐input acidic soils. The results showed that bone char decreased the maximum P adsorption capacity (Qm) by 10% and increased the desorption capacity (Ds) by 150% compared with the control (i.e. without a soil amendment). The desorption ratio was highest for the bone char treatment (10.3%) and three times more than the control. Plant‐available P was seven times greater under bone char than the control. There was no variation in adsorption–desorption characteristics, desorption ratio and plant‐P available content between bone char and lignocellulosic biochar treatments. The average yield increment following the application of bone char and biochar was 1.7 and 1.4 Mg ha−1 for maize and 1.8 and 1.9 Mg ha−1 for soya bean, respectively. Despite the low application rate (4 t ha−1 year−1), these findings demonstrated that the long‐term application of bone char and biochar‐based amendments enhanced P availability in low‐input cropping systems, mainly by altering the P adsorption and desorption capacity of soils.