bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAR T cell therapy as a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Akhoundi Maryam , Mohammadi Mahsa , Sahraei Seyedeh Saeideh , Sheykhhasan Mohsen , Fayazi Nashmin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cell therapy has shown great potential in the immunotherapy of patients with hematologic malignancies. In spite of this striking achievement, there are still major challenges to overcome in CAR T cell therapy of solid tumors, including treatment-related toxicity and specificity. Also, other obstacles may be encountered in tackling solid tumors, such as their immunosuppressive microenvironment, the heterogeneous expression of cell surface markers, and the cumbersome arrival of T cells at the tumor site. Although several strategies have been developed to overcome these challenges, aditional research aimed at enhancing its efficacy with minimum side effects, the design of precise yet simplified work flows and the possibility to scale-up production with reduced costs and related risks is still warranted.Conclusions Here, we review main strategies to establish a balance between the toxicity and activity of CAR T cells in order to enhance their specificity and surpass immunosuppression. In recent years, many clinical studies have been conducted that eventually led to approved products. To date, the FDA has approved two anti-CD19 CAR T cell products for non-Hodgkin lymphoma therapy, i.e., axicbtagene ciloleucel and tisagenlecleucel. With all the advances that have been made in the field of CAR T cell therapy for hematologic malignancies therapy, ongoing studies are focused on optimizing its efficacy and specificity, as well as reducing the side effects. Also, the efforts are poised to broaden CAR T cell therapeutics for other cancers, especially solid tumors.
Effects of antioxidant supplementation on oxidative stress balance in young footballers– a randomized double-blind trial
Authors: Stankiewicz Błażej , Cieślicka Mirosława , Kujawski Sławomir , Piskorska Elżbieta , Kowalik Tomasz , Korycka Justyna , Stejnborn Anna Skarpańska - 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The intensive physical exercise in which athletes take part in competitive sports can negatively affect the pro-oxidative–antioxidant balance. The use of compounds with high antioxidant potential, which certainly should include chokeberry, can prevent these adverse changes. Methods: The study was conducted as a double blinded randomized trial on a group of football players (mean age=15.8), who underwent 7 weeks of supplementation with 200 ml chokeberry juice per day. The players were randomly assigned to the experimental (supplemented, FP-S; n = 12) and control (placebo, FB-C; n = 8) groups. Before and after the supplementation period, participants performed an beep test . Venous blood was taken for serum isolation before, immediately after, 3 h, 24 h after the test Level of thiobarbituric acid reactive products (TBARS), hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), iron (Fe), hepcidin, ferritin, myoglobin, albumin and morphological parameters (RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC and lactic acid) were measured.Results: There were no significant impact of the supplementation intervention in response to the physical exercise test in the studied groups.. The post-hoc test showed no effect of chokeberry juice supply on any of the morphological, biochemical or performance parameters analysed.Conclusions: The supplementation of Chokeberry juice shows no effects on measured parameters in studied populations. It may indicate Such results may indicate insufficient antioxidant capacity of the supplemented juice.
Effect Of The Combination Of Automated Peripheral Mechanical Stimulation And Physical Exercise On Aerobic Functional Capacity And Cardiac Autonomic Control: A Randomized Clinical Trial Protocol.
Authors: Zelada-Astudillo Nicolle Aileen , Herrera-Santelices Andrea , Barbieri Fabio Augusto , Moreno Vinicius Christianini , Zamunér Antonio Roberto 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
● Background: Automated peripheral mechanical stimulation (AMPS) has been proposed as a new complementary therapy with potential for improving motor and cardiovascular abnormalities in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, AMPS long-term effects and its combination with physical exercise is unknown. Thus, this study aims to compare the effects of a program of 12 weeks of physical exercise with a 12-week intervention program combining physical exercise and AMPS on the aerobic capacity, cardiac autonomic control and gait parameters in patients with PD.● Methods: A randomized, controlled clinical trial will be conducted. Volunteers will be randomly assigned to one of the two groups studied: 1) Exercise; or 2) AMPS + Exercise. Both groups will undergo an exercise program of 24 sessions, for 12 weeks, performed twice a week. Before exercise sessions, the group AMPS+Exercise will receive a session of active AMPS, while the group Exercise will receive an AMPS sham intervention. Shapiro-wilk’s and Levene’s tests will be used to check for data normality and homogeneity, respectively. In case parametric assumptions are fulfilled, per-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses will be performed using a mixed model analysis of variance to check for Group*Time interaction. Significance level will be set at 5%. ● Discussion: Several non-pharmacological treatment modalities have been proposed for PD, focusing primarily on the reduction of motor and musculoskeletal disorders. Regular exercise and motor training have been shown to be effective in improving quality of life. However, treatment options in general remain limited given the high prevalence and adverse impact of these disorders. So, developing new strategies that can potentiate the improvement of motor disabilities and also improve non-motor symptoms in PD is relevant. It is expected that the participants from both groups will improve their quality of life, gait parameters and their cardiac autonomic control, with greater improvements being observed in the group combining active AMPS and physical exercise.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04251728, registered February 05, 2020
Risk factors for breast cancer development by tumor characteristics among women with benign breast disease
Authors: Figueroa Jonine , Gierach Gretchen L. , Duggan Máire A. , Fan Shaoqi , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Wang Yihong , Falk Roni T. , Loudig Olivier , Abubakar Mustapha , Ginsberg Mindy , Kimes Teresa M. , Richert-Boe Kathryn , Rohan Thomas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Among women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer, 30% have a prior diagnosis of benign breast disease (BBD). Thus, it is important to identify factors among BBD patients that elevate invasive cancer risk. In the general population, risk factors differ in their associations by clinical pathologic features; however, whether women with BBD show etiologic heterogeneity in the types of breast cancers they develop remains unknown. Methods: Using a nested case-control study of BBD and breast cancer risk conducted in a community healthcare plan (Kaiser Permanente Northwest), we assessed relationships of histologic features in BBD biopsies and patient characteristics with subsequent breast cancer risk and tested for heterogeneity of associations by estrogen receptor (ER) status, tumor grade and size. The study included 514 invasive breast cancer cases (median follow-up of 9 years post-BBD diagnosis) and 514 matched controls, diagnosed with proliferative or non-proliferative BBD between 1971-2006, with follow-up through mid-2015. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using multivariable polytomous logistic regression models. Results: Breast cancers were predominantly ER-positive (86%), well- or moderately-differentiated (73%), small (74% <20mm) and stage I/II (91%). Compared to patients with non-proliferative BBD, proliferative BBD with atypia conferred risk for ER-positive (OR=5.48, 95%CI=2.14-14.01) with only one ER-negative case); p-heterogeneity=0.45. Presence of columnar cell lesions (CCLs) at BBD diagnosis was associated with a 1.5-fold increase in risk of both ER-positive and ER-negative tumors, with a 2-fold increase (95%CI=1.21-3.58) observed among postmenopausal women (56%), independent of proliferative BBD status with and without atypia. We did not identify statistically significant differences in risk factor associations by tumor grade or size. Conclusion: Most tumors that developed after a BBD diagnosis in this cohort were highly treatable low-stage ER-positive tumors. CCL in BBD biopsies may be associated with moderately increased risk, independent of BBD histology, and irrespective of ER status.
Factors Influencing Household Adoption of Solar Home System in Baso Liben District, Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia
Authors: Zeru Asmare Mossie , Guta Dawit Diriba 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Although solar energy is abundant, accessible, affordable, and ecologically and environmentally friendly, in rural Ethiopia the majority of households are still using pollutant kerosene for lighting. It is important to understand the demand and supply-side factors affecting adoption of technology. For this purpose, this study investigates the factors influencing household adoption of the solar home system (SHS).Methodology: The data used for the econometric model was collected from randomly selected 228 solar home system adopter and 143 non- adopter households in Baso Liben district, Amhara regional state of Ethiopia. The logistic regression model was applied to examine the factors affecting households’ willingness to adopt SHS. Results: The finding of this study shows significant variation in many of the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics between adopters and non-adopters. The result of the binary logistic regression model indicated that as income of a household increase, their propensity to adopt solar home system also increases. Likewise, participation in off-farm income activities, house type, educational status of the head, training access, media access, and prior knowledge of the technology positively correlated with the probability of adoption. On the other hand, the gender of the head (being male) and access to electricity were negatively associated with the adoption of SHS. Conclusion: Therefore, policy measures should create awareness through training, education, and information access or better media availability, and improving the economic status of households through creating lucrative off-farm income-earning opportunities to achieve enhanced adoption of the solar home system.
A Smartphone-Assisted Brief Behavioral Intervention for Pregnant Women with Depression: a Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zuccolo Pedro Fonseca , Xavier Mariana O. , Matijasevich Alicia , Polanczyk Guilherme Vanoni , Fatori Daniel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Pregnancy is strongly associated with increased risk for depression, but treating pregnant women is challenging. The use of psychiatric medications might result in developmental problems in the child, therefore must be used with caution. Psychosocial interventions require specialized professionals which are scarce, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In this context, smartphone-based interventions show immense potential. We created Motherly, a smartphone app designed to promote maternal mental health. The Motherly app delivers a package of interventions, including mental health, sleep, nutrition, physical activity, social support, prenatal/postnatal support, and psychoeducational content. With this study, we will test the effectiveness of the Motherly app in addition to brief cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) to treat maternal depression. Methods: We will conduct a 2-arm parallel randomized controlled clinical trial in which 70 pregnant women between 16-40 years with depression will be randomized to intervention or active control. The intervention group will have access to the Motherly app. The active control group will have access to a simplified version of the app consisting exclusively of psychoeducational content. Both groups will undergo four sessions of CBT in 8 weeks. Participants will be evaluated by assessors blind to randomization and allocation status at baseline (T0), midpoint (T1, week 4-5), posttreatment (T2, week 8), and follow-up (T3, when the child is two months-old). Maternal mental health (prenatal anxiety, psychological well-being, perceived stress, depression, depression severity, and sleep quality), quality of life, physical activity levels, and infant developmental milestones and social/emotional problems will be measured. Our primary outcome is the change in maternal prenatal depression from baseline to posttreatment (8 weeks). Discussion: There is a growing literature on interventions using smartphone applications to promote mental health, both with or without the intermediation of a mental health professional. Our study adds to the literature by testing whether an app providing an intervention package, including CBT, psychoeducation, nutrition, physical activity, and social support, can treat depression, a condition for which the use of digital technologies is still scarce. Smartphone applications designed to treat maternal depression have the potential to circumvent barriers that prevent pregnant women from accessing mental health care.Trial Registration: A Smartphone-Assisted Brief Behavioral Intervention for Pregnant Women With Depression (clinicaltrials.gov, registry number: NCT04495166, prospectively registered in 29/07/2020).
A review of conjunctive GW-SW management by simulation–optimization tools
Authors: Soleimani Shima , Bozorg-Haddad Omid , Boroomandnia Arezoo , Loáiciga Hugo A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water (GW-SW) resources has grown worldwide. Optimal conjunctive water use can be planned by coupling hydrologic models for the simulation of water systems with optimization techniques for improving management strategies. The coupling of simulation and optimization methods constitutes an effective approach to determine sustainable management strategies for the conjunctive use of these water resources; yet, there are challenges that must be addressed. This paper reviews (1) hydrologic models applied for the simulation of GW-SW interaction in the water resources systems, (2) conventional optimization methods, and (3) published works on optimized conjunctive GW-SW use by coupling simulation and optimization methods. This paper evaluates the pros and cons of GW-SW simulation tools and their applications, thus providing criteria for selecting simulation–optimization methods for GW-SW management. In addition, an assessment of GW-SW simulation–optimization tools applied in various studies over the world creates valuable knowledge for selecting suitable simulation–optimization tools in similar case studies for sustainable water resource management under multiple scenarios.
Aktywność senatorów litewskich podczas sejmów z pierwszego okresu panowania Jana III Sobieskiego (1676-1683) i ich stosunek do najważniejszych problemów państwa w świetle wotów senatorskich
Authors: Bobiatyński Konrad 
Published: February 2021

W artykule tym przedstawiono aktywność senatorów litewskich podczas pierwszych pięciu sejmów walnych w czasach Jana III Sobieskiego (1676-1683). Jak się okazało, dużo częściej przyjeżdżali oni na sejmy i wotowali niż ich koronni koledzy. Ogółem frekwencja tej grupy wynosiła ok. 42%, a wota wygłosiło 24%. Zaprzecza to tezie o stopniowym spadku udziału członków izby wyższej w obradach parlamentu na przestrzeni XVII w.
Analiza wotów senatorskich pokazała, iż w czasach Sobieskiego mamy do czynienia z obniżeniem się poziomu sztuki oratorskiej. Wota stanowiły okazję nie tylko do wyrażenia opinii na problemy państwa, lecz również były wykorzystywane w walce wewnętrznej do uderzenia w przeciwników. Również w treści wystąpień brak było pomysłów na reformy państwa. Koncentrowały się one wokół zagadnień istotnych dla tzw. „litewskiej racji stanu”.
Arachidonic Acid Derivatives and Neuroinflammation
Authors: Gorica Era , Calderone Vincenzo 
Published: February 2021

:
Neuroinflammation is characterized by dysregulated inflammatory responses localized
within the brain and spinal cord. Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the onset of several neurodegenerative
disorders and is considered a typical feature of these disorders. Microglia perform
primary immune surveillance and macrophage-like activities within the central nervous system. Activated
microglia are predominant players in the central nervous system response to damage related
to stroke, trauma, and infection. Moreover, microglial activation per se leads to a proinflammatory
response and oxidative stress. During the release of cytokines and chemokines, cyclooxygenases
and phospholipase A2 are stimulated. Elevated levels of these compounds play a significant role in
immune cell recruitment into the brain. Cyclic phospholipase A2 plays a fundamental role in the
production of prostaglandins by releasing arachidonic acid. In turn, arachidonic acid is biotransformed
through different routes into several mediators that are endowed with pivotal roles in the
regulation of inflammatory processes. Some experimental models of neuroinflammation exhibit an
increase in cyclic phospholipase A2, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins such as prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin
D2, or prostacyclin. However, findings on the role of the prostacyclin receptors have revealed
that their signalling suppresses Th2-mediated inflammatory responses. In addition, other in
vitro evidence suggests that prostaglandin E2 may inhibit the production of some inflammatory cytokines,
attenuating inflammatory events such as mast cell degranulation or inflammatory
leukotriene production. Based on these conflicting experimental data, the role of arachidonic acid
derivatives in neuroinflammation remains a challenging issue.
NOVO ENSINO MÉDIO: consequências e perspectivas para a formação dos jovens
Authors: Martins Suely Aparecida , Dos Santos Franciele Soares 
Published: February 2021

Este artigo reflete sobre o contexto atual do Ensino Médio brasileiro, por meio da análise dos discursos presentes na Reforma do Ensino Médio e na Base Nacional Comum Curricular-BNCC, no que se refere a formação dos jovens em nível médio na atualidade. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, analisamos as mudanças recentes nesta etapa de ensino, promovidas por estas reformas curriculares. Consideramos que tais reformas encontram-se afinadas com as políticas neoliberais para educação brasileira das últimas décadas, com ênfase no protagonismo juvenil, colocando o jovem como definidor de seu percurso formativo, além de focar na necessidade do desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades requeridas pelas novas formas de organização do trabalho produtivo. Ou seja, estas representam mais retrocessos para a educação da classe trabalhadora, e reforçam a dualidade estrutural já existente, além de provocar o empobrecimento de conteúdo desta etapa do ensino.
Age and gender aspects of HIV-infected patients mortality
Authors: Matsiyeuskaya N. V. , Kashevnik T. I. , Kopytski A. V. , Skhazka A. E. 
Published: February 2021

Aim of study: to present the causes of mortality in HIV-infected patients, taking into account age and gender aspects.Materials and methods. The frequency, causes of mortality in the group of 284 HIV-infected patients are analyzed. Among them were 190 (66,9%) men, 94 (33,1%) women. The average age of patients was 45,3±4,2 years. The medical documentation of patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results. In the analyzed group of deceased HIV-infected patients, the overwhelming majority were young people under 40 years old (61.6%) compared with people who died between the ages of 41–50 years old — 73 (25,7%) and 51 years old and older 36 (12,7%) (p<0,05). In all age groups, the proportion of deceased men signiﬁcantly (more than 2 times) exceeded the proportion of women. Among young males, co-infection with viruses of parenteral hepatitis, tuberculosis and alcohol abuse is more common. Over 70% of deceased patients did not receive ART or were on short courses of therapy (less than 1 year). The average life expectancy after HIV-infection diagnosis was 5,8±4,4 years and did not differ depending on the gender and age of the patients. AIDS-related causes of death accounted for 141 (49,6%) cases, nonAIDS-associated — 143 (50,4%). Among AIDSrelated causes, tuberculosis was the most frequent (59/20,8%). Among non AIDS-associated causes, death was associated with the decompensation of liver cirrhosis. A signiﬁcant inﬂuence on the formation of AIDS-associated mortality of a complex of factors — co-infection with viruses of parenteral hepatitis, the presence of «advanced» stages of HIV infection, alcoholism and life expectancy with HIV infection, must be taken into account when monitoring HIV-infected patients.
HIV and infertility: neuro-endocrine and metabolic aspects
Authors: Leshchenko O. Ya. , Genich E. V. , Darenskaya M. A. , Kolesnikova L. I. 
Published: February 2021

Objective: to establish a correlation of the main neuroendocrine and metabolic parameters associated with infertility and to provide a prognostic assessment of reproductive disorders in HIV-infected women, stages 4.Materials and methods. Cross-sectional, cohort, clinical and sociological study of fertility of 83 women of reproductive age with HIV, stages 4.Results. The most signiﬁcant indicators of lipid peroxidation and neuroendocrine regulation systems have been established in patients with HIV infection and reproductive disorders, which will make it possible to predict these disorders in the future. Decreased ovarian reserve, ovarian steroid function, increased pituitary prolactinergic function are associated with a deﬁciency of a number of antioxidants (retinol, tocopherol, superoxide dismutase) and the development of oxidative stress with a predominant accumulation of intermediate lipid peroxidation products in HIV-infected women with infertility.Conclusion. The pathogenetically substantiated principle of the correction of antioxidant status is the use of a-tocopherol and retinol preparations and the correction of hormonal levels in HIV-infected women with reproductive disorders.
Аnalysis of cases of progressive multifocal leukethephalopathy in patients with HIV infection: clinical, epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the problem
Authors: Konkova-Reidman A. B. , Mikheeva T. V. , Veksey A. A. , Smirnova N. V. , Ermolenko Yu. Y. , Radzikhovskaya M. V. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose of research. Study of epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-infected patients.Materials and methods. We analyzed 10 cases of deaths from PML of patients with HIV infection according to the reports of the Magnitogorsk AIDS Center for 2014–2016, and provided our own clinical observation of a patient with PML who was treated in 1 infectious Department of the South Ural State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia in 2018 year.Results and discussion. In most cases of PML observed with CD4+ less than 50 cells and a viral load of more than 150 000 HIV RNA copies/ml, brain MRI is an informative method of in vivo diagnosis, WARTH slows the progression and improves the prognosis of patients.