bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on RNA Vaccine Candidates for COVID-19
Authors: Borah Pobitra , Deb Pran Kishore , Al-Shar’i Nizar A. , Dahabiyeh Lina A. , Venugopala Katharigatta N. , Singh Vinayak , Shinu Pottathil , Hussain Snawar , Deka Satyendra , Chandrasekaran Balakumar , Jaradat Da’san M. M. 
Published: March 2021

With the current outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2, vaccination is acclaimed as a public health care priority. Rapid genetic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 has triggered the scientific community to search for effective vaccines. Collaborative approaches from research institutes and biotech companies have acknowledged the use of viral proteins as potential vaccine candidates against COVID-19. Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) vaccines are considered the next generation vaccines as they can be rapidly designed to encode any desirable viral sequence including the highly conserved antigen sequences. RNA vaccines being less prone to host genome integration (cons of DNA vaccines) and anti-vector immunity (a compromising factor of viral vectors) offer great potential as front-runners for universal COVID-19 vaccine. The proof of concept for RNA-based vaccines has already been proven in humans, and the prospects for commercialization are very encouraging as well. With the emergence of COVID-19, mRNA-1273, an mRNA vaccine developed by Moderna, Inc. was the first to enter human trials, with the first volunteer receiving the dose within 10 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequencing. The recent interest in mRNA vaccines has been fueled by the state of the art technologies that enhance mRNA stability and improve vaccine delivery. Interestingly, as per the “Draft landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines” published by the World Health Organization (WHO) on December 29, 2020, seven potential RNA based COVID-19 vaccines are in different stages of clinical trials; of them, two candidates already received emergency use authorization, and another 22 potential candidates are undergoing pre-clinical investigations. This review will shed light on the rationality of RNA as a platform for vaccine development against COVID-19, highlighting the possible pros and cons, lessons learned from the past, and the future prospects.
Dominant and Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ojagbemi Akin , Okekunle Akinkunmi Paul , Babatunde Opeyemi 
Published: March 2021

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is projected to have a rapid increase in the number of people living with dementia by 2050. Yet, there is currently no robust evidence on the risk factors for dementia in the sub-region that could inform context specific interventions.Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to determine the dominant and modifiable risk factors for dementia in SSA. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and African Journals Online using keywords for dementia and Alzheimer's disease as well as the.mp operator for all 47 SSA countries or regions. We included peer-reviewed original studies with epidemiological designs, conducted random effect meta-analysis and determined the dominant and modifiable risk factors for dementia using the inverse of variance method.Results: A total of 44 studies out of 2,848 met criteria for syntheses. The pooled annual incidence of dementia from 5,200 cohort risk years was 2.0% [(95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.0–4.0%)]. The pooled prevalence was 5.0% (95% CI = 2.0–7.0%). Older age was the dominant risk factor for both prevalent [(Standard error (S.E = 0.3, weight = 25.2%)] and incident dementia (S.E = 0.02, weight = 95.8%), while low educational attainment (S.E = 0.19, weight = 32.6%) and poor predementia cognitive functioning at baseline (S.E = 0.2, weight = 20.5%) were the best ranked modifiable risk factor for incident dementia.Conclusion: Low formal educational attainment which, in SSA, may represent a stable index of low socioeconomic position and health disadvantage over the life course, was the most prominent modifiable risk factor for incident dementia. Findings have implications for deliberate policies targeted at access to education across the life course as a primary prevention strategy against dementia in SSA.
Early Post-operative CT-Angiography Imaging After EC-IC Bypass Surgery in Moyamoya Patients
Authors: Hurth Helene , Hauser Till-Karsten , Haas Patrick , Wang Sophie , Mengel Annerose , Tatagiba Marcos , Ernemann Ulrike , Khan Nadia , Roder Constantin 
Published: March 2021

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of early post-operative computed tomographic angiography (CTA) after direct extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery in moyamoya patients.Methods: A retrospective analysis of all adult moyamoya patients treated at our center from 2013 to 2019 with a direct EC-IC bypass was performed. Early post-operative CTA (within 24 h after surgery) was compared with conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) 6–12 months after surgery. If available, magnetic resonance time-of-flight angiography (MR-TOF) was evaluated 3 months and 6–12 months post-operatively as well. Imaging results were analyzed and compared with CTA, MR-TOF and DSA, whereat DSA was used as the final and definite modality to decide on bypass patency.Results: A total of 103 direct EC-IC bypasses in 63 moyamoya patients were analyzed. All inclusion criteria were met in 32 patients (53 direct bypasses). In 84.9% the bypass appeared definitively, in 5.7% uncertainly and in 9.4% not patent according to early post-operative CTA. MR-TOF suggested definitive bypass patency in 86.8% 3 months after surgery and in 93.5% 6–12 months after surgery. DSA 6–12 months post-operatively showed a patency in 98.1% of all bypasses. The positive predictive value (to correctly detect an occluded bypass) on post-operative CTA was 12.5%, the negative predictive value (to correctly detect a patent bypass) was 100% with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 86.5%.Conclusion: Early post-operative CTA has a high predictive value to confirm the patency of a bypass. On the other hand, a high false positive rate of (according to CTA) occluded bypasses after direct EC-IC bypass surgery can be seen. This must be considered critically when initiating possible therapeutic measures.
Hepatectomy, RFA, and Other Liver Directed Therapies for Treatment of Breast Cancer Liver Metastasis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rivera Kevin , Jeyarajah Dhiresh Rohan , Washington Kimberly 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe liver is the second most common site of breast cancer metastasis. Liver directed therapies including hepatic resection, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), transarterial chemo- and radioembolization (TACE/TARE), and hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) have been scarcely researched for breast cancer liver metastasis (BCLM). The purpose of this review is to present the known body of literature on these therapies for BCLM.MethodsA systematic review was performed with pre-specified search terms using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Review resulting in 9,957 results. After review of abstracts and application of exclusion criteria, 51 studies were included in this review.ResultsHepatic resection afforded the longest median overall survival (mOS) and 5-year survival (45 mo, 41%) across 23 studies. RFA was presented in six studies with pooled mOS and 5-year survival of 38 mo and 11–33%. Disease burden and tumor size was lower amongst hepatic resection and RFA patients. TACE was presented in eight studies with pooled mOS and 1-year survival of 19.6 mo and 32–88.8%. TARE was presented in 10 studies with pooled mOS and 1-year survival of 11.5 mo and 34.5–86%. TACE and TARE populations were selected for chemo-resistant, unresectable disease. Hepatic arterial infusion was presented in five studies with pooled mOS of 11.3 months.ConclusionAlthough further studies are necessary to delineate appropriate usage of liver directed therapies in BCLM, small studies suggest hepatic resection and RFA, in well selected patients, can result in prolonged survival. Longitudinal studies with larger cohorts are warranted to further investigate the effectiveness of each modality.
Role of Lymphadenectomy During Interval Debulking Surgery Performed After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: He Minjun , Lai Yuerong , Peng Hongyu , Tong Chongjie 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThe role of lymphadenectomy in interval debulking surgery (IDS) performed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in advanced ovarian cancer remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the clinical significance of lymphadenectomy in IDS.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the data of patients with advanced ovarian cancer who underwent NACT followed by IDS.ResultsIn 303 patients receiving NACT-IDS, lymphadenectomy was performed in 127 (41.9%) patients. One hundred and sixty-three (53.8%) patients achieved no gross residual disease (NGRD), and 69 (22.8%) had residual disease &lt; 1 cm, whereas 71 (23.4%) had residual disease ≥ 1cm. No significant difference in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was observed between the lymphadenectomy group and the no lymphadenectomy group in patients with NGRD, residual disease &lt; 1 cm, and residual disease ≥ 1 cm, respectively. The proportions of pelvic, para-aortic and distant lymph node recurrence were 7.9% (10/127), 4.7% (6/127) and 5.5% (7/127) in the lymphadenectomy group, compared with 5.7% (10/176, P = 0.448), 4.5% (8/176, P = 0.942) and 5.1% (9/176, P = 0.878), respectively, in no lymphadenectomy group. Multivariate analysis identified residual disease ≥ 1 cm [hazard ratios (HR), 4.094; P = 0.008] and elevated CA125 levels after 3 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 2.883; P = 0.004) were negative predictors for OS.ConclusionLymphadenectomy may have no therapeutic value in patients with advanced ovarian cancer underwent NACT-IDS. Our findings may help to better the therapeutic strategy for advanced ovarian cancer. More clinical trials are warranted to further clarify the real role of lymphadenectomy in IDS.
mTOR/EGFR/iNOS/MAP2K1/FGFR/TGFB1 Are Druggable Candidates for N-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-2′,4′-Difluoro-4-Hydroxybiphenyl-3-Carboxamide (NSC765598), With Consequent Anticancer Implications
Authors: Lawal Bashir , Lee Ching-Yu , Mokgautsi Ntlotlang , Sumitra Maryam Rachmawati , Khedkar Harshita , Wu Alexander T.H. , Huang Hsu-Shan 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe application of computational and multi-omics approaches has aided our understanding of carcinogenesis and the development of therapeutic strategies. NSC765598 is a novel small molecule derivative of salicylanilide. This study aims to investigate the ligand-protein interactions of NSC765598 with its potential targets and to evaluate its anticancer activities in vitro.MethodsWe used multi-computational tools and clinical databases, respectively, to identify the potential drug target for NSC765598 and analyze the genetic profile and prognostic relevance of the targets in multiple cancers. We evaluated the in vitro anticancer activities against the National Cancer Institute 60 (NCI60) human tumor cell lines and used molecular docking to study the ligand-protein interactions. Finally, we used the DTP-COMPARE algorithm to compare the NSC765598 anticancer fingerprints with NCI standard agents.ResultsWe identified mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/mitogen-activated protein 2 kinase 1 (MAP2K1)/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)/transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1) as potential targets for NSC765598. The targets were enriched in cancer-associated pathways, were overexpressed and were of prognostic relevance in multiple cancers. Among the identified targets, genetic alterations occurred most frequently in EGFR (7%), particularly in glioblastoma, esophageal squamous cell cancer, head and neck squamous cell cancer, and non–small-cell lung cancer, and were associated with poor prognoses and survival of patients, while other targets were less frequently altered. NSC765598 displayed selective antiproliferative and cytotoxic preferences for NSCLC (50% growth inhibition (GI50) = 1.12–3.95 µM; total growth inhibition (TGI) = 3.72–16.60 μM), leukemia (GI50 = 1.20–3.10 µM; TGI = 3.90–12.70 μM), melanoma (GI50 = 1.45–3.59 µM), and renal cancer (GI50 = 1.38–3.40 µM; TGI = 4.84–13.70 μM) cell lines, while panels of colon, breast, ovarian, prostate, and central nervous system (CNS) cancer cell lines were less sensitive to NSC765598. Interestingly, NSC765598 docked well into the binding cavity of the targets by conventional H-bonds, van der Waal forces, and a variety of π-interactions, with higher preferences for EGFR (ΔG = −11.0 kcal/mol), NOS2 (ΔG = −11.0 kcal/mol), and mTOR (ΔG = −8.8 kcal/mol). NSC765598 shares similar anti-cancer fingerprints with NCI standard agents displayed acceptable physicochemical values and met the criteria of drug-likeness.ConclusionNSC765598 displayed significant anticancer and potential multi-target properties, thus serve as a novel candidate worthy of further preclinical studies.
Efficacy and Safety of Monoclonal Antibody Against Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide or Its Receptor for Migraine: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xing , Chen Yuqi , Song Jinlei , You Chao 
Published: March 2021

Background: The optimal monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) for adult patients with migraine has yet to be determined. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of different monoclonal antibodies against CGRP or its receptor for adult patients with migraine through a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Methods: We systematically searched the MEDILNE, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant publications from inception until October 30, 2020. Only randomized clinical trials of adults with migraine that assessed any calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody and reported clinical outcomes were included. The primary outcomes were changes in monthly migraine days and treatment-emergent adverse eventsResults: We initially retrieved 2,070 publications, and ultimately, 18 randomized clinical trials totaling 8,926 patients were included. In terms of efficacy, eptinezumab (MD −1.43, 95% CrI −2.59 to −0.36), erenumab (MD −1.61, 95% CrI −2.40 to −0.84), fremanezumab (MD −2.19, 95% CrI −3.15 to −1.25), and galcanezumab (MD −2.10, 95% CrI −2.76 to −1.45) significantly reduced MMDs compared with placebo. In terms of safety, only galcanezumab increased the incidences of TEAEs (RR 1.11, 95% CrI 1.01–1.22) and serious adverse events (RR 2.95, 95% CrI 1.41–6.87) compared with placebo.Conclusion: Most drugs performed similarly and were superior to placebo in most of our analyses. Further head-to-head research on different types of CGRP monoclonal antibodies is necessary to validate the present findings.
Study of the Mechanism of Action of Guanxin Shutong Capsules in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease Based on Metabolomics
Authors: Wang Dan , Shi Chang , Ge Zhen-Hua , Wei Yu-Xi , Liu Tian-Tian , Wang Yue , Zhou Xin-Feng , Yang Zi-Jun , Wang Wei-Ting , Zhang Yan-Wen , Zhu Xue-Hui , Zhang Jun , Li Ying , Gong Min , Wu Xiao-Hui , Duan Hong-Quan 
Published: March 2021

Background: Guan-Xin-Shu-Tong capsule (GXSTC) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been used to treat coronary heart disease (CHD) for many years in China. However, the holistic mechanism of GXSTC against CHD is still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to systematically explore the mechanism of action GXSTC in the treatment of CHD rats using a metabolomics strategy.Methods: A CHD model was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). In each group, echocardiography was performed; the contents of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in serum were determined; and the myocardial infarct size was measured. The metabolites in plasma were analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics. Then, multivariate statistical analysis was performed to screen potential biomarkers associated with the GXSTC treatment in the LAD-induced rat CHD model. Finally, the MetaboAnalyst 4.0 platform was used for metabolic pathway enrichment analysis.Results: GXSTC was able to regulate the contents of CK, LDH and AST; restore impaired cardiac function; and significantly reduce the myocardial infarction area in model rats. Twenty-two biomarkers and nine metabolic pathways of GXSTC in the treatment of CHD were identified through UHPLC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics analysis.Conclusion: GXSTC regulates metabolic disorders of endogenous components in LAD-induced CHD rats. The anti-CHD mechanism of GXSTC is mainly related to the regulation of amino acid, lipid and hormonal metabolism. This study provides an overall view of the mechanism underlying the action of GXSTC against CHD.
Skin Conductance Responses of Learner and Licensed Drivers During a Hazard Perception Task
Authors: Chirles Theresa J. , Ehsani Johnathon P. , Kinnear Neale , Seymour Karen E. 
Published: March 2021

Background: While advanced driver assistance technologies have the potential to increase safety, there is concern that driver inattention resulting from overreliance on these features may result in crashes. Driver monitoring technologies to assess a driver’s state may be one solution. The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend the research on physiological responses to common driving hazards and examine how these may differ based on driving experience.Methods: Learner and Licensed drivers viewed a Driving Hazard Perception Task while electrodermal activity (EDA) was measured. The task presented 30 Event (hazard develops) and 30 Non-Event (routine driving) videos. A skin conductance response (SCR) score was calculated for each participant based on the percentage of videos that elicited an SCR.Results: Analysis of the SCR score during Event videos revealed a medium effect (d = 0.61) of group differences, whereby Licensed drivers were more likely to have an SCR than Learner drivers. Interaction effects revealed Licensed drivers were more likely to have an SCR earlier in the Event videos compared to the end, and the Learner drivers were more likely to have an SCR earlier in the Non-Event videos compared to the end.Conclusion: Our results support the viability of using SCR during driving videos as a marker of hazard anticipation differing based on experience. The interaction effects may illustrate situational awareness in licensed drivers and deficiencies in sustained vigilance among learner drivers. The findings demand further examination if physiological measures are to be validated as a tool to inform driver potential performance in an increasingly automated driving environment.
INFLUENCIA DEL LIDERAZGO PEDAGÓGICO EN LA PRÁCTICA DOCENTE
Authors: Ugalde Villalobos María Eugenia , Canales García Alba Luz 
Published: March 2021

El objetivo principal de este artículo consiste en identificar el liderazgo pedagógico y su influencia en la práctica docente desarrollada por los estudiantes de IV nivel de Educación Comercial, carrera compartida entre la Escuela de Secretariado Profesional y la División de Educología de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica.La metodología empleada es de tipo cualitativo, tipo fenomenológico dado que describe la realidad vivida en torno a la práctica docente de los estudiantes, posteriormente, se contrastan los datos recolectados con la fundamentación teórica. Esta experiencia académica surge a raíz de la vivencia del curso y del desarrollo de la práctica en diferentes instituciones educativas.Los resultados evidencian el significado de liderazgo para el estudiante practicante, para el profesor colaborador, al igual que los profesores de la carrera durante el proceso de formación. Además, se perciben las características de liderazgo y de motivación, así como la influencia del liderazgo pedagógico en el estudiantado. Dentro de los hallazgos más relevantes están los tres tipos de liderazgo, la motivación y comunicación asertiva entre otros.
ІННОВАЦІЙНО ОРІЄНТОВАНА КЛАСТЕРНА ПОЛІТИКА: ПОТЕНЦІАЛ ТА ЦІЛЬОВІ ІНТЕРЕСИ РЕГІОНІВ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: В. О. ШПИЛЬОВА , О. В. ФІНАГІНА , Є. В. БУРЯК 
Published: March 2021

У статті визначено теоретико-генетичний розвиток інтеграційних процесів в сучасному регіональному менеджменті з урахуванням векторів суспільного прогресу, поєднання знань економіки, інноватики, соціології, теорії ринків та підприємництва. Наголошено, що інтеграційні процеси завжди мають загальну або локальну дію, формальні та неформальні прояви, позитивний або негативний вплив на явища та процеси людської діяльності, забезпечують позитивну або негативну динаміку окремих соціально-економічних явищ і процесів. Саме інтеграція як рушійна сила формує потенціал суспільства й економіки держави та її територій.
Визначено ключові чинники суспільного прогресу, що обумовили дослідження процесу інтеграції в економіці та менеджменті: прискорене формування світового ринку та його впливовість на національні економіки, зміна границь регіонів; укрупнення, централізація та диверсифікація капіталів, прискорена диверсифікація виробництва та сфери послуг; масове виробництво та його залежність від науково-технічного прогресу, екологічних і соціальних стандартів; територіальний перерозподіл світу, зони економічного впливу та новітні формати регіоналізації.
Зосереджено увагу на тому, що кластер, як прояв економічної інтеграції в сучасній діяльності, галузевої та регіональної влади, постає первинним в інструментарії стимулювання ринків, бізнесу, якісного та кількісного покращення ділового середовища, залучення інвестицій, інструментом балансу інтересів влади та бізнесу. Зазначено, що кластери постають центром промислової політики, балансують групи регіональних інтересів, стимулюють і корегують регіональний розвиток, прискорюють комерціалізацію національних наукових надбань.
Визначено такі компоненти потенціалу кластероутворення регіонів, як: наука та освіта; ресурсна база; заощадження підприємств та населення; малий і середній бізнес та інфраструктура підтримки малого та середнього бізнесу. Реалізація потенціалу кластероутворення має ґрунтуватися на системі безпеки від наявних ризиків, побудова якої може максимально швидко сформувати платформу взаємних дій, колективного прийняття рішень, заходів організації та контролю. Обґрунтовано управлінське бачення формування стратегічної мети кластероутворення з урахуванням принципів консолідації та гармонізації ключових інтересів.
Correlates of Enhancing Retweets Among Users: The Case of Nissan
Authors: Lahuerta-Otero Eva , Cordero-Gutiérrez Rebeca 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to determine which elements of Twitter stimulate the dissemination of messages in the microblogging community. We collected a database of 1,112 Spanish-speaking users for this study who had mentioned the keyword "Nissan" in their tweets, and performed a multiple regression analysis. We have found that certain characteristics of tweets (longer tweets that express feelings through mentions and lexical diversity) obtain higher dissemination rates compared to those that do not. Hashtags and links seem to distract users from processing the information and do not act as heuristic cues. Users want to find heuristic cues that help them process information easily in social media. However, the use of links or hashtags in tweets does not help with dissemination, as these elements distract users and decrease the limited writing space available. This paper offers insightful options for brands, marketers and professionals on how to maximize the impact of social media at no additional cost.
Giulia Falato, Alfonso Vagnone’s Tongyou Jiaoyu, Brill 2020
Authors: Frei Elisa 
Published: March 2021

Review of
Giulia Falato, Alfonso Vagnone’s Tongyou Jiaoyu (On the Education of Children, c. 1632): The Earliest Encounter Between Chinese and European Pedagogy (Boston-Leiden: Brill, 2020)