bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Exercise Test or CVD History on Weight Loss or Fitness: The Look AHEAD Trial
Authors: Jakicic John M. , Horton Edward S. , Curtis Jeffrey M. , Killean Tina M. , Bray George A. , Cheskin Lawrence J. , Johnson Karen C. , Middelbeek Roeland J. W. , Pi-Sunyer F. Xavier , Regensteiner Judith G. , Ribisl Paul M. , Wagenknecht Lynne , Espeland Mark A. ,   the Look AHEAD Research Group
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the combination of weight loss and increased physical exercise are commonly recommended to reduce CVD. This study examined whether people with obesity and type 2 diabetes with an abnormal graded exercise tolerance test (GXT) or a history of CVD would have less success in achieving weight loss and improved fitness compared with adults without these conditions.

Methods
The Look AHEAD Study examined whether an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) compared with diabetes support and education (DSE) reduced cardiovascular events in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. Participants underwent a baseline maximal GXT and provided medical history data. Weight loss and fitness change were examined in 5011 participants over 4 yr in those with or without an abnormal baseline GXT and/or history of CVD.

Results
After 4 yr, weight loss in both ILI and DSE were significantly greater in those without a history of CVD than in those with a CVD history (6.69% vs 5.98%, P = 0.02, in ILI and 0.73 vs −0.07% (weight gain), P = 0.01, in DSE). Likewise, those without a history of CVD experienced greater improvements in fitness in both ILI and DSE relative to those with a history of CVD. Having an abnormal GXT at baseline did not affect weight loss or fitness.

Conclusions
A history of CVD at baseline modestly lessened weight loss and fitness changes at 4 yr, whereas having any abnormality on the baseline GXT did not affect these outcomes. Thus, weight loss and improved fitness are achievable in adults with a history of CVD or ECG abnormalities.
Observations of a Commercial Weight Loss Program on Physical Function and Selected CVD Risk Factors
Authors: Rogers Renee J. , Kovacs Sara J. , Collins Katherine A. , Raybuck Shawn , Collins Audrey M. , Marcin Marissa L. , Foster Gary D. , Jakicic John M. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Commercial programs are effective for reducing body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors. However, there are limited data on the additional health benefits that may result from weight loss achieved through a commercial program. This study reports on observations from a commercial weight loss program on physical function and selective cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with obesity. Three hundred adults with obesity (age, 47.3 ± 12.6 yr; body mass index, 33.2 ± 4.4 kg·m−2) participated in a 6-month commercial weight loss program (WW, formerly Weight Watchers). Measures included weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, physical function using the 6-min walk test and the sit and reach test, resting blood pressure, and resting heart rate. There was significant weight loss of 4.2 ± 3.7 kg (4.7% ± 4.1%) and 4.9 ± 5.7 kg (5.5% ± 6.2%) at 3 and 6 months, respectively (P < 0.001). Sit and reach, walking distance during the 6-min walk, and gait speed significantly improved across the 6-month intervention (P < 0.001). In addition, there were significant decreases in resting blood pressure and heart rate. A commercial weight loss program results in improvements in measures of physical function and selective cardiovascular disease risk factors. These findings support the potential of commercial programs to affect health-related measures in adults with obesity.
Exercise Is Medicine® on Campus during COVID-19: Necessary Adaptations and Continuing Importance
Authors: Stanford Kathleen , Pomeroy Alexander , Bates Lauren C. , Tamminga Kyle , Chai Thevy , Moore Justin B. , Brookey Lindsay , Stoner Lee 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Exercise Is Medicine® on Campus (EIM-OC), created by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), is an initiative connecting college medical providers to exercise providers to better promote physical activity (PA) among students. At the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), PA has been incorporated as a vital sign within the campus health medical system, in which the provider assesses the patient’s current PA. If needed, the provider refers the patient to the UNC EIM-OC team. The UNC EIM-OC initiative began in fall 2016, but it was not until spring 2020 that a fully operational system was in place, and UNC EIM-OC was awarded “gold status” by the ACSM. However, just as the system was running smoothly, the COVID-19 pandemic spread to the United States. COVID-19 and its associated social distancing restrictions have led to many changes in the EIM-OC process. With respect to EIM-OC, this commentary reports on (i) the continuing importance of the initiative during COVID-19, (ii) COVID-related adaptations to UNC EIM-OC, and (iii) recommendations for the upcoming school year.
Alleviative effects of Faradarmani Consciousness Field on Triticum aestivum L. under salinity stress
Authors: Torabi Sara , Taheri Mohammad Ali , Semsarha Farid 
Published: March 2021

Background: The Faradarmani Consciousness Field was founded by Mohammad Ali Taheri. It is a novel field and is described similarly to the field of gravity, or the electromagnetic field. This field is neither matter nor energy, and therefore does not possess a quantity. Even though there is no direct scientific evidence for the Consciousness Field, it is possible to investigate its effects on objects through controlled experiments. The aim of the present work was to study the alleviative effects of the Faradarmani Consciousness Field on common wheat Triticum aestivum L. var Star under salt stress. Methods: Plants were grown under 0 mM NaCl (control) and 150 mM NaCl with or without the influence of Faradarmani Consciousness Field for 3 weeks. Chlorophyll, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) content and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD),polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POX) were measured in all groups of plants. Results: In the salt-treated plants under the influence of the Faradarmani Consciousness Field, the contents of total chlorophyll, as well as a and b chlorophyll forms, were elevated compared with the salt-treated plants without Faradarmani CF (34.8%, 17.8%, and 169% respectively). Additionally, Faradarmani increased H2O2 (57%) and the activity of SOD and PPO by 220% and 168%, respectively, under salinity compared with the salt-treated plants without Faradarmani CF. MDA content and activity of peroxidase were decreased by 12.5% and 34%, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest the Faradarmani Consciousness Field as a qualitative intervention strategy to withstand salt stress in plants, by increasing the contents of chlorophyll, antioxidant enzyme activities, and decreasing MDA content under salinity.
Influence of surface peripheral electrical stimulation on nerve regeneration after digital nerve neurorrhaphy: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mattos Enilton , Guedes Alex , Lessa Paulo Itamar Ferraz , Baptista Abrahão Fontes 
Published: March 2021

We will study the influence of low intensity and frequency surface peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) on nerve regeneration of digital nerve injuries of the hand after its surgical repair in humans. Participants will be patients with acute traumatic peripheral nerve injury referred to the Hand Surgery Service of the General Hospital of the State of Bahia, a reference service in the state. These patients will undergo surgery followed by PES in the immediate postoperative period. After hospital discharge, they will be followed up on an outpatient basis by researchers, who will remotely supervise a physiotherapy program. Our hypothesis is that PES will positively influence the recovery of sensory function in patients undergoing neurorrhaphy of digital nerves of the hand.ReBEC registration: U1111-1259-1998 (12/18/2020)
Polymorphisms of the genes ABCG2, SLC22A12 and XDH and their relation with hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia in Mexican young adults
Authors: Vargas-Morales Juan Manuel , Guevara-Cruz Martha , Aradillas-García Celia , G. Noriega Lilia , Tovar Armando , Alegría-Torres Jorge Alejandro 
Published: March 2021

Background: Hyperuricemia is a pathological condition associated with risk factors of cardiovascular disease. In this study, three genetic polymorphisms were genotyped as predisposing factors of hyperuricemia. Methods: A total of 860 Mexicans between 18 and 25 years of age were genotyped for the ABCG2 (rs2231142), SLC22A12 (rs476037), and XDH (rs1042039) polymorphisms, as predisposing factors of hyperuricemia. Biochemical parameters were measured by spectrophotometry, while genetic polymorphisms were analyzed by real-time PCR. An analysis of the risk of hyperuricemia in relation to the variables studied was carried out using a logistic regression. Results: Male sex, being overweight or obese, having hypercholesterolemia or having hypertriglyceridemia were factors associated with hyperuricemia (p ≤ 0.05). The ABCG2 polymorphism was associated with hyperuricemia (OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.41-4.17, p = 0.001) and hypercholesterolemia (OR = 4.89, 95% CI: 1.54-15.48, p = 0.003), employing a dominant model, but only in male participants. Conclusions: The ABCG2 (rs2231142) polymorphism increases the risk of hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia in young Mexican males.
Late neolithic cultural landscape in the Al-Jafr Basin, southern Jordan: a brief review in context
Authors: Fujii Sumio 
Published: March 2021

Late neolithic cultural landscape in the Al-Jafr Basin, southern Jordan: a brief review in context
The Late Neolithic cultural landscape in southern Jordan waspoorly understood due to the deficiency of basic information. However, recent investigations are improving this situation. A good example is providedby the discovery of a Jericho IX pottery assemblage at Munqata’a near Tafileh, which offers a glimpse into the influence of an exotic culture onthe post-PPNB cultural landscape in southern Jordan. However, things are different in the al-Jafr Basin to the east, where a new adaptation strategy to cope with increasing aridification was sought within the context of the traditional PPNB outpost culture. The difference in cultural landscapes between the east and the west in this period ushers in the era of ‘the desertand the sown.’ In preparation for future comparative study, this paper briefly reviews past research outcomes in the basin and discusses the Late Neolithic cultural landscape at the arid margin of southern Jordan.
Tomb architecture and distribution in the Eastern Necropolis of Nea Paphos, Cyprus
Authors: Lysandrou Vasiliki 
Published: March 2021

Tomb architecture and distribution in the Eastern Necropolis of Nea Paphos, Cyprus
The Eastern necropolis of Nea Paphos is one of the most significant funerary landscapes of Cyprus, primarily because of its connection with the capital of the island during the Hellenistic and Roman times, and therefore of importance for the archaeology of the Eastern Mediterranean. The first systematic exploration of the site took place in the 1980s in the form of rescue excavations. Only limited research has been undertaken since then. This article discusses the necropolis based on unpublished material from the rescue excavations. It presents the tombs’ architecture; partially reconstructs the burial ground; reveals the extension of the necropolis; triggers questions related to the dynamics between nearby necropolis, and its potential correlation to satellite habitation sites.
Integer Programming, Constraint Programming, and Hybrid Decomposition Approaches to Discretizable Distance Geometry Problems
Authors: MacNeil Moira , Bodur Merve 
Published: March 2021

Given an integer dimension K and a simple, undirected graph G with positive edge weights, the Distance Geometry Problem (DGP) aims to find a realization function mapping each vertex to a coordinate in [Formula: see text] such that the distance between pairs of vertex coordinates is equal to the corresponding edge weights in G. The so-called discretization assumptions reduce the search space of the realization to a finite discrete one, which can be explored via the branch-and-prune (BP) algorithm. Given a discretization vertex order in G, the BP algorithm constructs a binary tree where the nodes at a layer provide all possible coordinates of the vertex corresponding to that layer. The focus of this paper is on finding optimal BP trees for a class of discretizable DGPs. More specifically, we aim to find a discretization vertex order in G that yields a BP tree with the least number of branches. We propose an integer programming formulation and three constraint programming formulations that all significantly outperform the state-of-the-art cutting-plane algorithm for this problem. Moreover, motivated by the difficulty in solving instances with a large and low-density input graph, we develop two hybrid decomposition algorithms, strengthened by a set of valid inequalities, which further improve the solvability of the problem. Summary of Contribution: We present a new model to solve a combinatorial optimization problem on graphs, MIN DOUBLE, which comes from the highly active area of distance geometry and has applications in a wide variety of fields. We use integer programming (IP) and present the first constraint programming (CP) models and hybrid decomposition methods, implemented as a branch-and-cut procedure, for MIN DOUBLE. Through an extensive computational study, we show that our approaches advance the state of the art for MIN DOUBLE. We accomplish this by not only combining generic techniques from IP and CP but also exploring the structure of the problem in developing valid inequalities and variable fixing rules. Our methods significantly improve the solvability of MIN DOUBLE, which we believe can also provide insights for tackling other problem classes and applications.
Clinical impact of a sub-epidermal moisture scanner: what is the real-world use?
Authors: Musa Louisa , Ore Nicky , Raine Gillian , Smith Glenn 
Published: March 2021

Objective:The presence of sub-epidermal moisture (SEM) over a bony prominence is indicative of incipient pressure ulcer (pressure injury/decubitus/bedsore) (PU). Early identification of patients at increased risk of PU can prompt interventions that reduce the incidence and severity of hospital (or community)-acquired PUs (HAPUs). This study evaluated the clinical utility of a SEM Scanner device in HAPU management.Method:The study used a pragmatic ‘real-world’ approach. HAPU data before and during SEM Scanner use were obtained through routine audit. Patients had regular visual and daily SEM Scanner skin assessments over the sacrum and heels. Nursing care otherwise followed standard of care according to the established protocols of individual participating sites. HAPU incidence rates were determined and feedback gathered from health professionals on how the device influenced HAPU-related clinical decision-making.Results:There were 15 participating sites: 13 acute care, one palliative care and one community care setting. The sample size was 1478 patients. All sites reported a substantial reduction in mean HAPU incidence: 87.2% in acute care settings; 46.7% in the palliative care setting and 26.7% in the community care setting. A 100% incidence reduction was reported in 10 (66.7%) sites. In the palliative care setting, SEM Scanner results changed HAPU-related clinical decision-making for 40% of patients scanned. The community care site demonstrated a 82% change in clinical decision-making.Conclusion:In this study, SEM analysis fitted seamlessly into routine skin assessment and enabled early identification of increased risk of tissue damage, with clinically important reductions in the incidence of HAPU across all participating sites.
Functional limitations caused by simple bone cysts
Authors: Behman Amy , Feldman Brian , Doria Andrea , Fusco Caroline , Wright James 
Published: March 2021

Purpose Relatively little is known about the impact of benign bone lesions on function. The aim of this study was to create a more complete understanding of the impact of functional disability from simple bone cysts (SBCs) by combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Methods This study followed a convergent parallel mixed methods design. The quantitative arm included 130 children with SBC and used the Activities Scale for Kids (ASK) to measure physical function. In the qualitative arm ten children and their parents participated in interviews related to activity participation and interactions with their physical and social environments. The two data sets were analyzed independently and then the results were integrated. Results The ASK demonstrated 35% of children achieving the maximum score. In total, 65% of children responded “I had no medical needs” confirming that SBC, while being present throughout childhood, is largely perceived as not a chronic illness. Qualitatively most children reported minimal or no changes in activity participation but reported thinking about being more cautious during play, confirming that SBC affects effort not participation in play. Conclusion The diagnosis of SBC did not have a significant impact on physical function, but did alter children's thoughts about physical activity participation. This finding suggests that physical function scores may have unappreciated ceiling effects. Outcome tools that combine both illness perceptions and physical function may help to better assess functional outcomes of SBC. Level of evidence III
Snapshot temporal compressive microscopy using an iterative algorithm with untrained neural networks
Authors: Qiao Mu , Liu Xuan , Yuan Xin 
Published: March 2021

We report a snapshot temporal compressive microscopy imaging system, using the idea of video compressive sensing, to capture high-speed microscopic scenes with a low-speed camera. An untrained deep neural network is used in our iterative inversion algorithm to reconstruct 20 high-speed video frames from a single compressed measurement. Specifically, using a camera working at 50 frames per second (fps) to capture the measurement, we can recover videos at 1000 fps. Our deep neural network is embedded in the inversion algorithm, and its parameters are learned simultaneously with the reconstruction.
Diagnostic test accuracy for detecting Schistosoma japonicum and S. mekongi in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rahman Md. Obaidur , Sassa Miho , Parvin Natasha , Islam Md. Rashedul , Yajima Aya , Ota Erika 
Published: March 2021

Background
Most of national schistosomiasis elimination programmes in Asia are relying on stool examination, particularly Kato Katz stool examination technique for regular transmission monitoring. However, the Kato-Katz technique has shown low sensitivity for the detection of light-intensity infections, and therefore highly sensitive diagnostic tools are urgently required to monitor prevalence of infection in low transmission settings. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate and synthesize the performance of diagnostic tests for detecting Schistosoma japonicum and S. mekongi infection in people living in endemic areas.

Methodology/Principal findings
We comprehensively searched these nine electronic databases and other resources until July 2019, with no language or publication limits: PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, BIOSIS Citation Index, HTA, CINAHL PLUS, The Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO. We included original studies that assessed diagnostic performance using antibody, antigen, and molecular tests with stool examination test as a reference standard. Two reviewers independently extracted a standard set of data and assessed study quality. We estimated the pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity for each index test. We used diagnostic odds ratio to determine the overall accuracy and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics (HSROC) curve to assess the index tests performance.
Fifteen studies (S. japonicum [n = 13] and S. mekongi [n = 2]) testing 15,303 participants were included in the review. Five studies reported performance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), seven studies reported indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA), and four studies reported polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting S. japonicum. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.84–0.98) and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.29–0.53) for ELISA, 0.97 (95% CI: 0.90–0.99) and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.58–0.73) for IHA, and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.71–0.96) and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.29–0.69) for PCR respectively. A global summary indicated the best performance for IHA, closely followed by ELISA. We were unable to perform meta-analysis for S. mekongi due to insufficient number of studies.

Conclusions/Significance
IHA showed the highest detection accuracy for S. japonicum. Further studies are needed to determine the suitable diagnostic methods to verify the absence of transmission of S. mekongi and also to compare detection accuracy against more sensitive reference standards such as PCR.
Proposta curricular de Santa Catarina (PCSC):
Authors: Schroeder Tiago Ravel , Comiotto Tatiana , Poll Raysa 
Published: March 2021

O presente estudo tem como questão de investigação: de que modo se manifesta a essência da Teoria Sócio Histórico Cultural (TSHC) na Proposta Curricular de Santa Catarina (PCSC)? O objetivo é propor uma discussão teórica dos termos escola, aprendizagem, produção e reprodução do conhecimento, currículo e avaliação. A metodologia empregada foi a Análise Conceitual. Os termos do ambiente educativo foram selecionados por: estarem conceituados na PCSC e por possibilitarem práticas pedagógicas que envolvem a TSHC e por darem conta de diferentes dimensões do processo educativo. Os resultados evidenciaram coerência entre a PCSC e a TSHC. Com efeito, são apresentadas perspectivas de continuidade, como a manifestação dos elementos discutidos neste texto em planos de ensino e de aula.
El chico
Authors: Paz Rodríguez José , Pereira Domínguez Carmen 
Published: March 2021

Una mujer sola y soltera sale del hospital con su recién nacido en brazos. Como carece de medios económicos lo deja en un lujoso coche con una nota pidiendo su cuidado y amor. Aunque huye desesperada pronto se arrepiente y vuelve, pero el coche ha sido robado.
Un vagabundo y vendedor de vidrio pasea por un suburbio y encuentra al bebé. Después de varias peripecias decide acogerlo. Durante los cinco primeros años el chico crece en un hogar y establece un estrecho vínculo afectivo con su cuidador. Además, se hace su compañero, comparte la comida, la pobreza y colabora con curiosos trabajos para sobrevivir.
Mientras, la madre del niño se convierte en una mujer rica porque es una célebre cantante de ópera. No obstante, está triste por no tener a su hijo e intenta recuperarlo. Con frecuencia ayuda a los niños pobres.
El chico enferma y el vagabundo avisa al médico quien certifica el lugar insalubre donde vive el niño y avisa a la policía para trasladarlo a un albergue infantil. Finalmente, una serie de sucesos logra que madre e hijo se reencuentren.