bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bias of root numbers for modular newforms of cubic level
Authors: Pi Qinghua , Qi Zhi 
Published: March 2021

Let

H

2
k

±

(

N
3

)

H^{\pm }_{2k} (N^3)

denote the set of modular newforms of cubic level

N
3

N^3

, weight

2
k

2 k

, and root number

±
1

\pm 1

. For

N
>
1

N > 1

squarefree and

k
>
1

k>1

, we use an analytic method to establish neat and explicit formulas for the difference

|

H

2
k

+

(

N
3

)

|

−

|

H

2
k

−

(

N
3

)

|

|H^{+}_{2k} (N^3)| - |H^{-}_{2k} (N^3)|

as a multiple of the product of

φ
(
N
)

\varphi (N)

and the class number of

Q

(

−
N

)

\mathbb {Q}(\sqrt {- N})

. In particular, the formulas exhibit a strict bias towards the root number

+
1

+1

. Our main tool is a root-number weighted simple Petersson formula for such newforms.
A note on the Nielsen realization problem for 𝐾3 surfaces
Authors: Baraglia David , Konno Hokuto 
Published: March 2021

We will show the following three theorems on the diffeomorphism and homeomorphism groups of a

K
3

K3

surface. The first theorem is that the natural map

π

0

(
D
i
f
f
(
K
3
)
)
→
A
u
t
(

H

2

(
K
3
;

Z

)
)

\pi _{0}(Diff(K3)) \to Aut(H^{2}(K3;\mathbb {Z}))

has a section over its image. The second is that there exists a subgroup

G
G

of

π

0

(
D
i
f
f
(
K
3
)
)

\pi _{0}(Diff(K3))

of order two over which there is no splitting of the map

D
i
f
f
(
K
3
)
→

π

0

(
D
i
f
f
(
K
3
)
)

Diff(K3) \to \pi _{0}(Diff(K3))

, but there is a splitting of

H
o
m
e
o
(
K
3
)
→

π

0

(
H
o
m
e
o
(
K
3
)
)

Homeo(K3) \to \pi _{0}(Homeo(K3))

over the image of

G
G

in

π

0

(
H
o
m
e
o
(
K
3
)
)

\pi _{0}(Homeo(K3))

, which is non-trivial. The third is that the map

π

1

(
D
i
f
f
(
K
3
)
)
→

π

1

(
H
o
m
e
o
(
K
3
)
)

\pi _{1}(Diff(K3)) \to \pi _{1}(Homeo(K3))

is not surjective. Our proof of these results is based on Seiberg-Witten theory and the global Torelli theorem for

K
3

K3

surfaces.
Outcomes of multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma treatment with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Zahid A , Clarke L , Carr N , Chandrakumaran K , Tzivanakis A , Dayal S , Mohamed F , Cecil T , Moran B J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma (MCPM) is a rare neoplasm, generally considered a borderline malignancy, best treated by cytoreductive surgery (CRS) to remove macroscopic disease, combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Owing to its rarity, little has been published on clinical presentation, clinical behaviour over time, or an optimal treatment approach.

Methods
A prospectively developed peritoneal malignancy database was interrogated for the years 2001–2018. Details on all patients with MCPM as a definitive diagnosis after CRS and HIPEC were analysed, including previous interventions, mode of presentation, surgical treatment, postoperative outcomes, and late follow-up information from abdominal CT and tumour markers.

Results
Some 40 patients with MCPM underwent CRS and HIPEC between 2001 and 2018. Of these, 32 presented with abdominal pain, distension or bloating, six patients presented with recurrence following previous surgery at the referring hospitals, and two had coincidental diagnoses during a surgical procedure. CRS involved peritonectomy in all 40 patients. Bowel resection was required in 18 patients, and seven had a temporary stoma. Thirty-eight patients were considered to have undergone a complete macroscopic tumour removal (completeness of cytoreduction CC0), and two had residual tumour nodules less than 2.5 mm in size, classified as CC1. Median duration of follow-up was 65 (range 48–79) months. There were no deaths during follow-up. The Kaplan–Meier-predicted recurrence-free interval was 115.4 months.

Conclusion
MCPM is a rare peritoneal neoplasm with a heterogeneous pattern of presentation. CRS and HIPEC is an effective management option for this group of patients, with favourable long-term survival.
Effect of a multilevel implementation programme on shared decision-making in breast cancer care
Authors: van Veenendaal H , Voogdt-Pruis H R , Ubbink D T , Hilders C G J M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Women with newly diagnosed breast cancer face multiple treatment options. Involving them in a shared decision-making (SDM) process is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a multilevel implementation programme enhanced the level of SDM behaviour of clinicians observed in consultations.

Methods
This before–after study was conducted in six Dutch hospitals. Patients with breast cancer who were facing a decision on surgery or neoadjuvant systemic treatment between April 2016 and September 2017 were included, and provided informed consent. Audio recordings of consultations made before and after implementation were analysed using the five-item Observing Patient Involvement in Decision-Making (OPTION-5) instrument to assess whether clinicians adopted new behaviour needed for applying SDM. Patients scored their perceived level of SDM, using the nine-item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9). Hospital, duration of the consultation(s), age, and number of consultations per patient that might influence OPTION-5 scores were investigated using linear regression analysis.

Results
Consultations of 139 patients were audiotaped, including 80 before and 59 after implementation. Mean (s.d.) OPTION-5 scores, expressed on a 0–100 scale, increased from 38.3 (15.0) at baseline to 53.2 (14.8) 1 year after implementation (mean difference (MD) 14.9, 95 per cent c.i. 9.9 to 19.9). SDM-Q-9 scores of 105 patients (75.5 per cent) (72 before and 33 after implementation) were high and showed no significant changes (91.3 versus 87.6; MD −3.7, −9.3 to 1.9). The implementation programme had an association with OPTION-5 scores (β = 14.2, P &lt; 0.001), hospital (β = 2.2, P = 0.002), and consultation time (β = 0.2, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
A multilevel implementation programme supporting SDM in breast cancer care increased the adoption of SDM behaviour of clinicians in consultations.
Surgical incidents and their impact on operating theatre staff: qualitative study
Authors: Serou N , Slight S P , Husband A K , Forrest S P , Slight R D 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSurgical incidents can have significant effects on both patients and health professionals, including emotional distress and depression. The aim of this study was to explore the personal and professional impacts of surgical incidents on operating theatre staff.MethodsFace-to-face semistructured interviews were conducted with a range of different healthcare professionals working in operating theatres, including surgeons and anaesthetists, operating department practitioners, and theatre nurses, and across different surgical specialties at five different hospitals. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using an inductive thematic approach, which involved reading and re-reading the transcripts, assigning preliminary codes, and searching for patterns and themes within the codes, with the aid of NVivo 12 software. These emerging themes were discussed with the wider research team to gain their input.ResultsSome 45 interviews were conducted, generally lasting between 30 and 75 min. Three overarching themes emerged: personal and professional impact; impact of the investigation process; and positive consequences or impact. Participants recalled experiencing negative emotions following surgical incidents that depended on the severity of the incident, patient outcomes, and the support that staff received. A culture of blame, inadequate support, and lack of a clear and transparent investigative process appeared to worsen impact.ConclusionThe study indicated that more support is needed for operating theatre staff involved in surgical incidents. Greater transparency and better information during the investigation of such incidents for staff are still needed.
Intraoperative ultrasound imaging in the surgical treatment of congenital hyperinsulinism: prospective, blinded study
Authors: Bjarnesen A P , Dahlin P , Globa E , Petersen H , Brusgaard K , Rasmussen L , Melikian M , Detlefsen S , Christesen H T , Mortensen M B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
In congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), preoperative prediction of the histological subtype (focal, diffuse, or atypical) relies on genetics and 6-[18F]fluoro-l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-DOPA) PET–CT. The scan also guides the localization of a potential focal lesion along with perioperative frozen sections. Intraoperative decision-making is still challenging. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and potential clinical impact of intraoperative ultrasound imaging (IOUS) during CHI surgery.

Methods
This was a prospective, observational study undertaken at an expert centre over a 2-year interval. IOUS was performed blinded to preoperative diagnostic test results (genetics and 18F-DOPA PET–CT), followed by unblinding and continued IOUS during pancreatic resection. Characteristics and clinical impact were assessed using predefined criteria.

Results
Eighteen consecutive, surgically treated patients with CHI, with a median age of 5.5 months, were included (focal 12, diffuse 3, atypical 3). Focal lesions presented as predominantly hypoechoic, oval lesions with demarcated or blurred margins. Patients with diffuse and atypical disease had varying echogenicity featuring stranding and non-shadowing hyperechoic foci in three of six, whereas these characteristics were absent from those with focal lesions. The blinded IOUS-based subclassification was correct in 17 of 18 patients; one diffuse lesion was misclassified as focal. IOUS had an impact on the surgical approach in most patients with focal lesions (9 of 12), and in those with diffuse (2 of 3) and atypical (2 of 3) disease when the resection site was close to the bile or pancreatic duct.

Conclusion
Uniform IOUS characteristics made all focal lesions identifiable. IOUS had a clinical impact in 13 of 18 patients by being a useful real-time supplementary modality in terms of localizing focal lesions, reducing the need for frozen sections, and preserving healthy tissue and delicate structures.
Identifying the research priorities of healthcare professionals in UK vascular surgery: modified Delphi approach
Authors: Smith G E , Long J , Wallace T , Carradice D , Chetter I C ,   Vascular Research Collaborative, Atkin L , Beard D , Bown M , Bradbury A , Cook A , Coughlin P , Handa A , Hinchliffe R , Imray C , Jenkins M , Lathan R , McCaslin J , Modarai B , Rashid T , Richards T , Rogers C , Russell D , Sayers R , Sharples L , Sidloff D , Simpson R , Stansby G , Stather P , Torgerson D , Vallabhaneni S R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
The Vascular Research Collaborative was established to develop a national research strategy for patients with vascular disease in the UK. This project aimed to establish national research priorities in this patient group.

Methods
A modified Delphi approach, an established method for reaching a consensus opinion among a group of experts in a particular field, was used to survey national multidisciplinary vascular clinical specialists. Two rounds of online surveys were conducted involving the membership of the Vascular Society, Society of Vascular Nurses, Society for Vascular Technology, and the Rouleaux Club (vascular surgical trainees). The first round invited any suggestions for vascular research topics. A steering group then collated and rationalized the suggestions, categorizing them by consensus into pathological topics and research categories, and amalgamating the various questions relating to the same fundamental issue into a single question. The second round involved recirculating these questions to the same participants for priority scoring.

Results
Round 1 resulted in 1231 suggested research questions from 481 respondents. Steering group collation and rationalization resulted in 83 questions for ranking in round 2. The second round resulted in a hierarchical list of vascular research priorities. The highest scoring priorities addressed topics related to critical lower-limb ischaemia, diabetic foot disease, amputation, wound healing, carotid plaque morphology, and service organization/delivery.

Conclusion
It is anticipated that these results will drive the UK national vascular research agenda for the next 5–10 years. It will facilitate focused development and funding of new research projects in current clinical areas of unmet need where potential impact is greatest.
Discriminating complicated from uncomplicated appendicitis by ultrasound imaging, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Bom W J , Bolmers M D , Gans S L , van Rossem C C , van Geloven A A W , Bossuyt P M M , Stoker J , Boermeester M A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Discriminating complicated from uncomplicated appendicitis is crucial. Patients with suspected complicated appendicitis are best treated by emergency surgery, whereas those with uncomplicated appendicitis may be treated with antibiotics alone. This study aimed to obtain summary estimates of the accuracy of ultrasound imaging, CT and MRI in discriminating complicated from uncomplicated appendicitis

Methods
A systematic literature review was conducted by an electronic search in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library for studies describing the diagnostic accuracy of complicated versus uncomplicated appendicitis. Studies were included if the population comprised adults, and surgery or pathology was used as a reference standard. Risk of bias and applicability were assessed with QUADAS-2. Bivariable logitnormal random-effect models were used to estimate mean sensitivity and specificity.

Results
Two studies reporting on ultrasound imaging, 11 studies on CT, one on MRI, and one on ultrasonography with conditional CT were included. Summary estimates for sensitivity and specificity in detecting complicated appendicitis could be calculated only for CT, because of lack of data for the other imaging modalities. For CT, mean sensitivity was 78 (95 per cent c.i. 64 to 88) per cent, and mean specificity was 91 (85 to 99) per cent. At a median prevalence of 25 per cent, the positive predictive value of CT for complicated appendicitis would be 74 per cent and its negative predictive value 93 per cent.

Conclusion
Ultrasound imaging, CT and MRI have limitations in discriminating between complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis. Although CT has far from perfect sensitivity, its negative predictive value for complicated appendicitis is high.
Routine versus selective intraoperative cholangiography during cholecystectomy: systematic review, meta-analysis and health economic model analysis of iatrogenic bile duct injury
Authors: Rystedt J M L , Wiss J , Adolfsson J , Enochsson L , Hallerbäck B , Johansson P , Jönsson C , Leander P , Österberg J , Montgomery A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Bile duct injury (BDI) is a severe complication following cholecystectomy. Early recognition and treatment of BDI has been shown to reduce costs and improve patients’ quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the effect and cost-effectiveness of routine versus selective intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) in cholecystectomy.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis, combined with a health economic model analysis in the Swedish setting, was performed. Costs per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) for routine versus selective IOC during cholecystectomy for different scenarios were calculated.

Results
In this meta-analysis, eight studies with more than 2 million patients subjected to cholecystectomy and 9000 BDIs were included. The rate of BDI was estimated to 0.36 per cent when IOC was performed routinely, compared with to 0.53 per cent when used selectively, indicating an increased risk for BDI of 43 per cent when IOC was used selectively (odds ratio 1.43, 95 per cent c.i. 1.22 to 1.67). The model analysis estimated that seven injuries were avoided annually by routine IOC in Sweden, a population of 10 million. Over a 10-year period, 33 QALYs would be gained at an approximate net cost of €808 000 , at a cost per QALY of about €24 900.

Conclusion
Routine IOC during cholecystectomy reduces the risk of BDI compared with the selective strategy and is a potentially cost-effective intervention.
Born to sing! Song development in a singing primate
Authors: De Gregorio Chiara , Carugati Filippo , Estienne Vittoria , Valente Daria , Raimondi Teresa , Torti Valeria , Miaretsoa Longondraza , Ratsimbazafy Jonah , Gamba Marco , Giacoma Cristina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In animal vocal communication, the development of adult-like vocalization is fundamental to interact appropriately with conspecifics. However, the factors that guide ontogenetic changes in the acoustic features remain poorly understood. In contrast with a historical view of nonhuman primate vocal production as substantially innate, recent research suggests that inheritance and physiological modification can only explain some of the developmental changes in call structure during growth. A particular case of acoustic communication is the indris’ singing behavior, a peculiar case among Strepsirrhine primates. Thanks to a decade of intense data collection, this work provides the first long-term quantitative analysis on song development in a singing primate. To understand the ontogeny of such a complex vocal output, we investigated juvenile and sub-adult indris’ vocal behavior, and we found that young individuals started participating in the chorus years earlier than previously reported. Our results indicated that spectro-temporal song parameters underwent essential changes during growth. In particular, the age and sex of the emitter influenced the indris’ vocal activity. We found that frequency parameters showed consistent changes across the sexes, but the temporal features showed different developmental trajectories for males and females. Given the low level of morphological sexual dimorphism and the marked differences in vocal behavior, we hypothesize that factors like social influences and auditory feedback may affect songs’ features, resulting in high vocal flexibility in juvenile indris. This trait may be pivotal in a species that engages in choruses with rapid vocal turn-taking.
Motivation and Healthy Aging at Work
Authors: Zacher Hannes , Sagha Zadeh Rana , Heckhausen Jutta , Oettingen Gabriele 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aims of this paper were to review theoretical and empirical research on motivation and healthy aging at work and to outline directions for future research and practical applications in this area. To achieve these goals, we first consider the World Health Organization’s (WHO) definition of healthy aging in the context of paid employment and life-span development in the work domain. Second, we describe contemporary theoretical models and cumulative empirical findings on age, motivation, and health and well-being at work, and we critically discuss to what extent they are consistent with the WHO’s definition of healthy aging. Finally, we propose several directions for future research in the work context that are aligned with the WHO’s definition of healthy aging, and we describe a number of interventions related to the design of work environments and individual strategies to promote the motivation for healthy aging at work.
High Prevalence of Vaccine-Type Infections Among Children with Pneumococcal Pneumonia and Effusion After 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Ahmed Sana S , Lessa Fernanda C , Coradin Hilma , Sánchez Jacqueline , Carvalho Maria da G , Soda Elizabeth , Peña Chabela , Fernández Josefina , Cedano Doraliza , Whitney Cynthia G , Feris-Iglesias Jesús 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn 2013, the Dominican Republic introduced 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) using a 3-dose schedule (at 2, 4 and 12 months of age). We evaluated the impact of PCV13 on serotypes causing pneumococcal pneumonia with pleural effusion.MethodsSurveillance data after PCV13 introduction (July 2014 to June 2016) were compared with data before PCV13 introduction (July 2009 to June 2011). Cases were defined as radiologic evidence of pneumonia with pleural effusion in a child aged &lt;15 years. Pneumococcus was detected in pleural fluid by either culture or polymerase chain reaction, and serotyping was performed. The Ministry of Health’s PCV13 uptake data for 2014–2016 were obtained.ResultsThe prevalence of pneumococcus among cases was similar before and after PCV13 introduction (56.4% and 52.8%, respectively). The proportion of pneumococcal cases caused by vaccine serotypes was 86% for children &lt;2 years old both before and PCV13 introduction. Compared with before PCV13, serotype 14 accounted for a smaller (28% vs 13%, respectively; P = .02) and serotype 1 for a larger (23% vs 37%; P = .09) proportion of pneumococcal cases after PCV13 introduction. National uptake for the first, second, and third PCV13 doses was 94%, 81%, and 28%, respectively, in 2014 and 75%, 61%, and 26% in 2015.DiscussionWhile the decrease in pneumococcal pneumonia with pleural effusion caused by serotype 14 may reflect an early effect of PCV13 implementation, other vaccine serotypes, including serotype 1, are not well controlled. Better PCV13 coverage for all 3 doses is needed.
Integrating UCE Phylogenomics With Traditional Taxonomy Reveals a Trove of New WorldSysciaSpecies (Formicidae: Dorylinae)
Authors: Longino John T , Branstetter Michael G 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe ant genus Syscia Roger, 1861 is part of the cryptic ant fauna inhabiting leaf litter and rotten wood in the Asian and American tropics. It is a distinct clade within the Dorylinae, the subfamily from which army ants arose. Prior to this work, the genus comprised seven species, each known from a single or very few collections. Extensive collecting in Middle America revealed an unexpected and challenging diversity of morphological forms. Locally distinct forms could be identified at many sites, but assignment of specimens to species spanning multiple sites was problematic. To improve species delimitation, Ultra-Conserved Element (UCE) phylogenomic data were sequenced for all forms, both within and among sites, and a phylogeny was inferred. Informed by phylogeny, species delimitation was based on monophyly, absence of within-clade sympatry, and a subjective degree of morphological uniformity. UCE phylogenomic results for 130 specimens were complemented by analysis of mitochondrial COI (DNA barcode) data for an expanded taxon set. The resulting taxonomy augments the number of known species in the New World from 3 to 57. We describe and name 31 new species, and 23 species are assigned morphospecies codes pending improved specimen coverage. Queens may be fully alate or brachypterous, and there is a wide variety of intercaste female forms. Identification based on morphology alone is very difficult due to continuous character variation and high similarity of phylogenetically distant species. An identification aid is provided in the form of a set of distribution maps and standard views, with species ordered by size.