bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Borders as Infrastructure
Authors: Dijstelbloem Huub 
Published: August 2021

An investigation of borders as moving entities that influence our notions of territory, authority, sovereignty, and jurisdiction.
In Borders as Infrastructure, Huub Dijstelbloem brings science and technology studies, as well as the philosophy of technology, to the study of borders and international human mobility. Taking Europe's borders as a point of departure, he shows how borders can transform and multiply and how they can mark conflicts over international orders. Borders themselves are moving entities, he claims, and with them travel our notions of territory, authority, sovereignty, and jurisdiction. The philosophies of Bruno Latour and Peter Sloterdijk provide a framework for Dijstelbloem's discussion of the material and morphological nature of borders and border politics.
Dijstelbloem offers detailed empirical investigations that focus on the so-called migrant crisis of 2014–2016 on the Greek Aegean Islands of Chios and Lesbos; the Europe surveillance system Eurosur; border patrols at sea; the rise of hotspots and “humanitarian borders”; the technopolitics of border control at Schiphol International Airport; and the countersurveillance by NGOs, activists, and artists who investigate infrastructural border violence. Throughout, Dijstelbloem explores technologies used in border control, including cameras, databases, fingerprinting, visual representations, fences, walls, and monitoring instruments. Borders can turn places, routes, and territories into “zones of death.” Dijstelbloem concludes that Europe's current relationship with borders renders borders—and Europe itself—an “extreme infrastructure” obsessed with boundaries and limits.
The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
Convention and Materialism
Authors: Virno Paolo 
Published: August 2021

The first English translation of the book that established Paolo Virno as one of the most influential Italian thinkers of his generation.
With the 1986 publication of this book in Italy, Paolo Virno established himself as one of the most influential Italian thinkers of his generation. Astonishingly, this crucial work has never before been published in an English translation. This MIT Press edition, translated by Italian philosopher and Insubordinations series editor Lorenzo Chiesa, is its first English-language version. Virno here engages, in an innovative and iconoclastic way, with some classical issues of philosophy involving experience, singularity, and the relation between ethics and language, while also offering a profoundly transformative political perspective that revolves around the Marxian notion of the “general intellect.”
Virno reconsiders Walter Benjamin's idea of a “loss of the aura” (brought on, Benjamin argued, by technical reproducibility), and postulates instead the existence of a new experience of uniqueness that, although deprived of every metaphysical aura, resides in the very process of late-capitalist serial reproduction. Writing after the defeat of contemporary leftist revolutionary movements in the West, Virno argues for the possibility of a “good life” originating immanently from existential and political crises. Taking speculative detours through the thought of philosophers ranging from Aquinas and Berkeley to Heidegger and Wittgenstein, with a specific focus on Kant and Hegel, Virno shows how a renewed reflection on basic theoretical problems helps us to better grasp what is happening now. This edition features a preface written by Virno in 2011.
World Brain
Authors: Wells H. G. 
Published: August 2021

In 1937, H. G. Wells proposed a predigital, freely available World Encyclopedia to represent a civilization-saving World Brain.
In a series of talks and essays in 1937, H. G. Wells proselytized for what he called a “World Brain,” as manifested in a World Encyclopedia—a repository of scientifically established knowledge—that would spread enlightenment around the world and lead to world peace. Wells, known to readers today as the author of The War of the Worlds and other science fiction classics, was imagining something like a predigital Wikipedia. The World Encyclopedia would provide a summary of verified reality (in about forty volumes); it would be widely available, free of copyright, and utilize the latest technology.
Of course, as Bruce Sterling points out in the foreword to this edition of Wells's work, the World Brain didn't happen; the internet did. And yet, Wells anticipated aspects of the internet, envisioning the World Brain as a technical system of networked knowledge (in Sterling's words, a “hypothetical super-gadget”). Wells's optimism about the power of information might strike readers today as naïvely utopian, but possibly also inspirational.
Wittgenstein's Artillery
Authors: Klagge James C. 
Published: August 2021

How Wittgenstein sought a more effective way of reaching his audience by a poetic style of doing philosophy.
Ludwig Wittgenstein once said, “really one should write philosophy only as one writes poetry.” In Wittgenstein's Artillery, James Klagge shows how, in search of ways to reach his audience, Wittgenstein tried a more poetic style of doing philosophy. Klagge argues that, in deploying this new philosophical “artillery”—Klagge's term for Wittgenstein's methods of influencing his readers and students—Wittgenstein moved from an esoteric mode to an evangelical mode, aiming for an effect on his audience that was noncognitive, appealing to the temperament in addition to the intellect.
Wittgenstein was an artillery spotter—directing artillery fire to targets—in the Austrian army during World War I, and Klagge argues that, years later, he became a philosophical spotter, struggling to find the right artillery to accomplish his philosophical purpose. Klagge shows how Wittgenstein's work with his students influenced his style of writing philosophy and motivated him to care about the effect of his ideas on his audience. To illustrate Wittgenstein's evolving approach, Klagge draws on not only Wittgenstein's best-known works but also such lesser-known material as notebooks, dictations, lectures, and recollections of students. Klagge then goes beyond Wittgenstein to present a range of literature—biblical parables and children's stories, Dostoevsky and Tolstoy, Kierkegaard and Nietzsche—as other examples of the poetic approach. He concludes by offering his own attempts at a poetic approach to addressing philosophical issues.
How well do the traffic psychological assessment systems predict on‐road driving behaviour?
Authors: Kaça Gülin , İzmitligil Tülay , Koyuncu Mehmet , Amado Sonia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the predictive validities of three different traffic psychological assessment systems used in Turkey (ART 2020, TRAFIKENT and Vienna Test System) by using systematic observation of driving behaviour in natural traffic settings. For this purpose, 176 drivers were evaluated by observers and then tested in three different traffic psychological assessment systems. Drivers participated in a 45 km (approx. 80 min) driving session consisting of diverse road types. Observers filled systematic observation forms comprising 35 errors/violations on 10 road segments. Furthermore, observers evaluated participants regarding cognitive and psychomotor abilities measured with the psychological assessment system. Consequently, although the systems' power to predict on‐road behaviour was similar, the tests/abilities that contributed to the models differed in each system except for the reasoning test. It was recommended to increase the weight of these predictive tests in deciding safe driving for each system.
Facile Realization of Boosted Near‐Infrared‐Visible Light Driven Photocatalytic Activities of BiOF Nanoparticles through Simultaneously Exploiting Doping and Upconversion Strategy
Authors: Du Peng , Ran Weiguang , Wang Can , Luo Laihui , Li Weiping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA facile strategy is put forward to improve the photocatalytic activity of BiOF nanoparticles by simultaneously exploiting doping and upconversion engineering. The Er3+/Yb3+‐codoped BiOF nanoparticles are synthesized via using high‐temperature solid‐state reaction route. Through employing first‐principles density functional theory, one knows that the electronic structure of BiOF host is greatly impacted by Er3+ and Yb3+ ions doping. Excited by 980 nm, bright upconversion emissions are seen in prepared compounds and their maximum intensities are obtained when x = 0.04. Furthermore, the photocatalytic capacity of the designed nanoparticles is explored by detecting the photodegradation of pollutants under visible and near‐infrared lights irradiation. Compared with BiOF, these nanoparticles doped with Er3+ and Yb3+ ions have superior photocatalytic activity, in which h+, ·O2−, and ·OH active species contribute to the photocatalytic mechanism. Additionally, the resultant nanoparticles also present better photocatalytic activity than commercial ZnO nanoparticles. These achievements imply that Er3+/Yb3+‐codoped BiOF nanoparticles are promising near‐infrared‐visible light driven photocatalysts.
Water deficit induced physiological and amino acid responses in some rice varieties using NMR‐metabolic analysis
Authors: ElShamey Essam A. Z. , Ali Esmat F. , Selim Mahmoud E. , ElSayed Mahmoud A. A. , Ahmed Mukhtar , Alotaibi Fahad M , Kamara Mohamed M. , AL‐Harbi Mohammad S. , Kheir Ahmed M. S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDeficit irrigation (DI) is a choice made by producers to improve water productivity and might be highly preferred in future production programs in arid regions. Identifying DI‐tolerant cultivars will be critical to improve rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity under the future climate change conditions. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomics is a recent technique that has received less attention so far and can be used to compare genetic differences in DI tolerance. For this purpose, field experiments were carried out during two successive summer seasons in Egypt to compare genetic differences for water deficit tolerance in seven rice genotypes using NMR technique. The genotypes Azucena and IRAT 170 achieved the best values of water productivity (WP) under DI, recording 1.79 and 0.99 kg m–3 respectively, confirming their suitability in the water deficit breeding program to produce new promising lines and to keep yield potential stable under climate change conditions. The PLS‐DA of 1H‐NMR spectra showed a clear separation between genotypes under both full irrigation (FI) and DI conditions. Quantitative analysis showed that sucrose, threonine, glutamate, and allantoin were accumulated at DI when compared to FI conditions, and these metabolite compounds may be closely related to DI conditions. Tryptophan, as an aromatic amino acid, has increased across cultivars, most dramatically in Azucena and IRAT 170. Tyrosine and phenylalanine also increased in Azucena and IRAT 170, but not as dramatically as tryptophan. The rice genotypes Azucena and IRAT 170 could be successfully recommended for higher yields and quality under DI conditions.
Cover crops to improve soil health in the North American Great Plains
Authors: Obour Augustine K. , Simon Logan M. , Holman Johnathon D. , Carr Patrick M. , Schipanski Meagan , Fonte Steven , Ghimire Rajan , Nleya Thandiwe , Blanco‐Canqui Humberto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRotating cereal crops (e.g., wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] with a 10‐ to 21‐mo summer fallow period [fallow]) is a common farming practice in dryland (rainfed) agricultural regions. Fallow is associated with several challenges including low precipitation storage efficiency, depletion of soil organic carbon (SOC), loss of soil fertility, little crop residue retention and soil erosion, and few control options for herbicide‐resistant (HR) weeds. The inability to effectively control HR weeds poses a major challenge to maintaining soil and water conservation practices such as no‐tillage, as some producers are considering tillage to control weeds. Cover crop (CC) integration into wheat‐based production systems to replace portions of the fallow period provides an opportunity to increase SOC, improve soil fertility, suppress weeds, and increase profitability of dryland crop production, especially when CCs are used as forage. This forum paper used the North American Great Plains as a model region to review information on (a) challenges of dryland agriculture; (b) integrating CCs in dryland agriculture; (c) benefits, challenges, and limitations of CCs in dryland crop production; (d) management options for CC integration in dryland grain systems; and (e) recommendations for future research efforts.
Globally optimal synthesis of heat exchanger networks. Part III: Non‐isothermal mixing in minimal and non‐minimal networks
Authors: Chang Chenglin , Liao Zuwei , Costa André L. H. , Bagajewicz Miguel J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, the enumeration algorithms presented in Parts I and II for the globally optimal synthesis of minimal and non‐minimal heat exchanger networks are extended to consider non‐isothermal mixing. New mathematical models, including non‐isothermal mixing constraints, are proposed to target the bounds of energy consumption and the binding exchanger minimum approximation temperature. These models are solved using the algorithms, which involve solving systems of equations instead of mathematical programming. Three global optimization strategies are proposed to optimize each enumerated structure, involving the use of a global solver directly, or the use of a Golden Search based on energy consumption and a flowrate optimization model considering non‐isothermal mixing. The flowrate optimization model is reformulated as a convex problem, which is solved by using nonlinear programming or a mathematical programming‐free methodology, that is, solving Karush–Kuhn–Tucker equations. A new Global Optimum Search Algorithm is developed and examples are tested comparing different optimization strategies.
Clan genomics: From OMIM phenotypic traits to genes and biology
Authors: Lupski James R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClinical characterization of a patient phenotype has been the quintessential approach for elucidating a differential diagnosis and a hypothesis to explore a potential clinical diagnosis. This has resulted in a language of medicine and a semantic ontology, with both specialty‐ and subspecialty‐specific lexicons, that can be challenging to translate and interpret. There is no ‘Rosetta Stone’ of clinical medicine such as the genetic code that can assist translation and interpretation of the language of genetics. Nevertheless, the information content embodied within a clinical diagnosis can guide management, therapeutic intervention, and potentially prognostic outlook of disease enabling anticipatory guidance for patients and families. Clinical genomics is now established firmly in medical practice. The granularity and informative content of a personal genome is immense. Yet, we are limited in our utility of much of that personal genome information by the lack of functional characterization of the overwhelming majority of computationally annotated genes in the haploid human reference genome sequence. Whereas DNA and the genetic code have provided a ‘Rosetta Stone’ to translate genetic variant information, clinical medicine, and clinical genomics provide the context to understand human biology and disease. A path forward will integrate deep phenotyping, such as available in a clinical synopsis in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) entries, with personal genome analyses.
Synthesis of 5‐Azatetracene and Comparison of Its Optical and Electrochemical Properties with Tetracene
Authors: Ghosh Animesh , Budanovic Maja , Li Tianjiao , Liang Caihong , Klein Maciej , Soci Cesare , Webster Richard D. , Gurzadyan Gagik G. , Grimsdale Andrew C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA four‐step route for the synthesis of 5‐azatetracene (benzo[b]acridine) has been developed, employing a base‐catalysed Friedlander condensation reaction between 3‐amino‐2‐napthaldehyde and cyclohexanone as the key step followed by dehydrogenation of the intermediate. The optical and electrochemical properties of the 5‐azatetracene were investigated by UV‐vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy, and by cyclic voltammetry and compared with those of tetracene. It is found that 5‐azatetracene shows broader absorption in the visible region than tetracene, exhibits a higher luminescence quantum efficiency, and possesses a lower‐lying LUMO level and smaller HOMO‐LUMO band gap. Time‐resolved PL spectroscopy was used to elucidate the reasons for the more efficient luminescence of 5‐azatetracene. Field‐effect transistor measurements revealed the ambipolar nature of charge transport in 5‐azatetracene.
Total Synthesis of Skipped Diene Natural Products
Authors: Sato Takaaki , Suto Takahiro , Nagashima Yoshiyuki , Mukai Shori , Chida Noritaka 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSkipped dienes (1,4‐dienes) are widely distributed in a variety of biologically active natural products. The synthesis of these skipped dienes is a relatively undeveloped area compared with that of conjugated dienes (1,3‐dienes) due to the sp3‐hybridized carbon between two olefins. Especially, development of methods to meet both high stereoselectivity and convergency is highly challenging. This review focuses on recent advances in the synthesis of skipped dienes in the total synthesis of complex natural products, which are classified into three classes; a) skipped dienes comprised of two disubstituted olefins, b) skipped dienes including trisubstituted olefin(s), and c) 3‐methyl skipped dienes.
Molecular interaction study on Gemini surfactant and nanoparticles in wax inhibition of Malaysian crude oil
Authors: Vijayakumar Shamala Devi , Ridzuan Norida 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWax deposition can cause a slowdown in operation by restricting crude oil flow in the pipeline. Chemical inhibitors interact with the wax molecule in crude oil and prevent wax aggregation. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to analyze the intermolecular interaction between a wax molecule of n‐icosane and a Gemini surfactant 2,5,8,11 tetramethyl 6 dodecyn‐5,8 diol ethoxylate (GS) with three distinct nanoparticles: silicon dioxide (SiO2)(NP1), tin oxide (SnO)(NP2), and nickel oxide (Ni2O3)(NP3). The desired structural feature of the radial distribution function (rdf) was analyzed using the COMPASS force field. Weakest intermolecular interaction between n‐icosane (highest rdf value of 5.25 Å), indicating high wax solubility, was achieved in the presence of GS/NP3 blend. In addition, GS/NP3 blend gave the strongest van der Waals (vdW) interaction with a hydrogen atom in n‐icosane. The presence of the O carbonyl group in both GS and NP3 establishes a higher number of hydrogen bonds. Thus, the GS/NP3 blend acts as the best inhibitor compared to the individual GS and NP3. The simulation analysis on the degree of wax formation reduction using GS/NP3 blend correlated well with cold finger experiment that showed a wax formation reduction of 61.6%.
Biocatalytic synthesis of 2‐O‐α‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐L‐ascorbic acid using an extracellular expressed α‐glucosidase from Oryza sativa
Authors: Qi Xuelian , Shao Junlan , Cheng Yinchu , He Xiaoying , Li Yan , Jia Honghua , Yan Ming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground2‐O‐α‐D‐Glucopyranosyl‐L‐ascorbic acid (AA‐2G) is an important derivative of L‐ascorbic acid (L‐AA), which has the distinct advantages of non‐reducibility, antioxidation, and reproducible decomposition into L‐AA and glucose. Enzymatic synthesis is a preferred method for AA‐2G production over alternative chemical synthesis owing to the regioselective glycosylation reaction. α‐Glucosidase, an enzyme classed into O‐glycoside hydrolases, might be used in glycosylation reactions to synthesize AA‐2G.Main Methods and Major ResultsHere, an α‐glucosidase from Oryza sativa was heterologously produced in Pichia pastoris GS115 and used for biosynthesis of AA‐2G with few intermediates and byproducts. The extracellular recombinant α‐glucosidase (rAGL) reached 9.11 U mL–1 after fed‐batch cultivation for 102 h in a 5 L fermenter. The specific activity of purified rAGL is 49.83 U mg–1 at 37°C and pH 4.0. The optimal temperature of rAGL was 65°C, and it was stable below 55°C. rAGL was active over the range of pH 3.0–7.0, with the maximal activity at pH 4.0. Under the condition of 37°C, pH 4.0, equimolar maltose and ascorbic acid sodium salt, 8.7 ± 0.4 g L–1 of AA‐2G was synthesized by rAGL.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe production of rAGL in P. pastoris was proved to be beneficial in providing enough enzyme and promoting biocatalytic synthesis of AA‐2G. These studies lay the basis for the industrial application of α‐glucosidase.
Adherence to oral therapies among patients with renal cell carcinoma: Post hoc analysis of the ECOG‐ACRIN E2805 trial
Authors: Murphy Caitlin C. , Fullington Hannah M. , Gerber David E. , Bowman Isaac Alex , Puligandla Maneka , Dutcher Janice P. , DiPaola Robert S. , Haas Naomi B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs use of oral cancer therapies increases, patient adherence has become critical when evaluating the effectiveness of therapy. In a phase III trial for renal cell carcinoma, we: (a) characterized adherence to sorafenib, sunitinib, and/or placebo and (b) identified factors associated with non‐adherence.MethodsECOG‐ACRIN E2805 was a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized trial comparing adjuvant sorafenib or sunitinib in patients with resected primary renal cell carcinoma at high risk for recurrence. We used patient‐completed pill diaries to measure adherence as the number of pills taken divided by the number of pills prescribed. Log‐binomial regression was used to identify correlates of non‐adherence (<80% of prescribed pills reported as taken).ResultsMean adherence was 90.7% among those assigned to sunitinib (n = 613) and 84.8% among those assigned to sorafenib (n = 616). Among those assigned to placebo, mean adherence was 94.9% and 92.4% to sunitinib and sorafenib placebo, respectively. Non‐adherence was associated with race/ethnicity (non‐Hispanic Black: prevalence ratio [PR] 2.22, 95% CI 1.63, 3.01; Hispanic: PR 1.54, 95% CI 1.05, 2.26), high volume enrollment (≥10 patients: PR 1.30, 95% CI 1.03, 1.64), treatment group (sunitinib: PR 2.24, 95% CI 1.66, 3.02; sorafenib: PR 2.37, 95% CI 1.74, 3.22), and skin rash (PR 1.36, 95% CI 1.03, 1.80).ConclusionAmong patients participating in a randomized clinical trial, adherence to oral cancer therapies was lower compared to placebo. Adherence was also worse in racial/ethnic minorities, those experiencing toxicities, and high volume enrolling sites. Our findings highlight several challenges to address in clinical practice as use of oral therapies continues to increase.Clinical trial registration numberThis trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00326898.