bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which are the intermediate determinants of gender inequalities in mental health?: A scoping review
Authors: Cabezas-Rodríguez Andrea , Utzet Mireia , Bacigalupe Amaia 
Published: May 2021

Background: Gender segmentation in the labour market and women’s greater burden of domestic work and caregiving increase their risk of developing mental health problems, especially in vulnerable social groups. Aims: The objectives of this study were to identify and describe the role of working and labour conditions, domestic work and caregiving and social support in gender inequalities in mental health, as well as to assess whether studies have taken an intersectional approach, describing its role in gender inequalities in mental health. Methods: We carried out a systematic review of scientific articles published between 2010 and 2019 in PubMed, Scopus, WoS and PsycInfo, in Spanish and English, conducted in the European Economic Area in populations aged between 25 and 65 years. Studies were excluded if they were qualitative, focused on sexual identity or factors based on biological differences, or considered use of medical services, medicalisation or suicide as the outcome variable. Results: A total of 30 articles were included, of which only four concerned studies in which intersectional analysis had been performed. The mental health of men was seen to be more influenced by employment conditions and that of women by working conditions, the double presence and civil status. Further, depending on the size of the household (women) and unemployment (men), people in lower social classes had poorer mental health outcomes. Conclusions: The results may be useful for designing policies focused on reducing gender inequalities in mental health. Additionally, they show the need for taking an intersectional perspective.
Effect of Exercise Intensity on the Healing of the Bone-Tendon Interface: A Mouse Rotator Cuff Injury Model Study
Authors: Chen Huabin , Li Shengcan , Xiao Han , Wu Bing , Zhou Li , Hu Jianzhong , Lu Hongbin 
Published: May 2021

Background: Injuries at the bone-tendon interface (BTI) are common findings in clinical practice. Rehabilitation procedures after BTI surgery are important but are controversial. Purpose: To investigate the effects of different exercise intensities on BTI healing by means of an established mouse rotator cuff injury model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 150 specific pathogen free male C57BL/6 mice, with supraspinatus insertion injury, were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 groups according to postoperative rehabilitation of different exercise intensities: (1) control group, (2) low-intensity exercise group, (3) moderate-intensity exercise group, (4) high-intensity exercise group, and (5) increasing-intensity exercise group (IG). The specimens were harvested 4 or 8 weeks postoperatively for microarchitectural, histological, molecular biological, and mechanical evaluations. Results: Histological test results showed that the degrees of tissue fusion and polysaccharide protein distribution at the healing interface at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery were significantly better in the IG than in the other 4 groups. Synchrotron radiation micro–computed tomography showed that the quantity of subchondral bone at the enthesis (bone volume/total volume fraction, trabecular thickness, trabecular number) was higher and trabecular separation was lower in the IG than in the other 4 groups. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the healing interface in the IG expressed more transcription factors, such as sox 9, runx 2, and scleraxis, than the interfaces in the other groups. Although no significant difference was seen in the cross-sectional area between the groups at postoperative weeks 4 and 8 ( P > .05), the tensile load, ultimate strength, and stiffness of the specimens in the IG were significantly better than those in the other 4 groups ( P < .05). Conclusion: The rehabilitation program with increasing-intensity exercise was beneficial for BTI healing. Clinical Relevance: The results of this study provide evidence supporting the use of a simple and progressive exercise rehabilitation program after rotator cuff surgery.
Evaluation of a screw insertion landmark for a minimally invasive repair technique in induced bilateral sacroiliac luxation in feline cadavers
Authors: Han Cheol-kyu , Kang Jinsu , Lee Haebeom , Kim Namsoo , Heo Suyoung 
Published: May 2021

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe an alternative landmark for screw insertion into the body of the ilium with bilateral sacroiliac luxation in cats. Methods Seven cat cadavers with artificially induced bilateral sacroiliac luxation were used. The screw insertion point was determined using the caudal iliac crest and cranial acetabular rim. These two points make the first guideline; a second guideline ran perpendicular to the caudal iliac crest point. The screw insertion point was halfway along the second guideline across the ilium body. Surgery was performed in a minimally invasive manner using fluoroscopy. Results Postoperative radiographs and CT were performed. In the postoperative evaluation, the sacroiliac joint reduction percentage was almost 90% and there was no significant difference in pelvic canal diameter ratio before and after surgery. Screw depth/sacral width was >60% in all cadavers. On CT, the angle between the screw and sacrum wing was within the normal range of 96.24° to the left and 98.65° to the right, except in one case. Conclusions and relevance In previous studies, surgical repair was based on having an intact contralateral ilium. However, this method is not applicable to patients with bilateral sacroiliac luxation and is mostly performed using open reduction methods. The screw insertion point suggested in this study offers a potential alternative repair technique for patients with bilateral sacroiliac luxation.
Feline ophthalmomyiasis externa caused by Cuterebra larvae: four cases (2005–2020)
Authors: Schlesener Brittany N , Peck Elizabeth A , Teplitz Eric M , Espinheira Gomes Filipe , Bowman Dwight D , Lucio-Forster Araceli , Ledbetter Eric C 
Published: May 2021

Case series summary Described are four cats diagnosed with ophthalmomyiasis externa caused by Cuterebra larvae. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to identify cats with ophthalmomyiasis externa between 2005 and 2020 at Cornell University Hospital for Animals. Signalment, history, clinical and diagnostic findings, treatment and outcome were recorded. All cats were young (< 3 years of age), had outdoor access and were initially examined during the summer months. All cases had unilateral disease with the right eye affected. Two cases had nictitating membrane lesions and two had orbital disease. Concurrent superficial corneal ulceration was present in three cats. Two cats suffered from pyrexia, suspected secondary to inflammation from the larval infestation. Successful larval removal was performed in all cats, which resulted in improvement of discomfort and clinical signs. A corneal ulcer persisted in one cat, which was lost to follow-up prior to ulcer resolution. Parasite identification confirmed Cuterebra species infestation in all cases. Relevance and novel information To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of feline ophthalmomyiasis externa caused by Cuterebra species. Parasite removal was successful in restoring comfort and resolving clinical signs in all cats with adequate follow-up information.
The impact of caregiver stigma on real-life social experience of Taiwanese adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Lim Valerie Hwee Taur , Chen Yu-Wei Ryan , Tseng Mei-Hui , Bundy Anita , Cordier Reinie 
Published: May 2021

Caregivers of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder commonly experience stigma. However, how stigma influences social interactions of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder is unclear. We aimed to explore the impact of caregiver stigma on real-life social experiences of Taiwanese adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. In the context of everyday activities, 76 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder who were not intellectually disabled (69 males, aged 10–16 years) carried a mobile device that prompted them 7 times, randomly, each day for 7 days to record with whom they were interacting, what they perceived, and how they felt about the interactions. Caregivers completed the Affiliate Stigma Scale to measure caregiver stigma. Multilevel analyses revealed that participants whose caregivers perceived high levels of stigma were more likely than those whose caregivers experienced less stigma to interact with family members and less likely to be interested in interacting with people at school. However, those participants also experienced more anxiety while interacting with family members. The findings shed light on ways that caregiver stigma impacted the social experiences of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and suggest that, in promoting social participation for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, researchers and service providers must support caregivers to manage stigma. Lay abstract Caregivers of people with autism spectrum disorder commonly experience stigma. As a result, they may avoid contact with others, in turn, influencing their child’s social participation. This study aimed to explore the impact of stigma perceived by the caregivers on the everyday social experience of Taiwanese adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. We asked 76 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder who did not have intellectual disability (69 males, aged 10–16 years) to carry a mobile device for 7 days. The device prompted them 7 times each day to record who they were interacting with, what they perceived, and how they felt about their social interactions. In addition, we asked their caregivers to complete the Affiliate Stigma Scale to measure their experience of stigma. We found that participants whose caregivers perceived high levels of stigma were more likely to spend time with family members and less likely to be interested in interacting with people at school. Those participants also were more likely to experience anxiety while interacting with family. Our study suggests that it is important for clinicians to implement support services for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and help caregivers in managing stigma to promote their child’s social participation.
Sex-specific deaths in Norway and Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic: Did mandates make a difference?
Authors: Catalano Ralph 
Published: May 2021

Aims: To determine whether differences between Norway’s and Sweden’s attempts to contain SARS-CoV-2 infection coincided with detectably different changes in their all-cause mortality sex ratios. Measuring temporal variation in the all-cause mortality sex ratio before and during the pandemic in populations exposed to different constraints on risky behavior would allow us to better anticipate changes in the ratio and to better understand its association with infection control strategies. Methods: I apply time Box–Jenkins modeling to 262 months of pre-pandemic mortality sex ratios to arrive at counterfactual values of 10 intra-pandemic ratios. I compare counterfactual to observed values to determine if intra-pandemic ratios differed detectably from those expected as well as whether the Norwegian and Swedish differences varied from each other. Results: The male to female mortality sex ratio in both Norway and Sweden increased during the pandemic. I, however, find no evidence that the increase differed between the two countries despite their different COVID-19 containment strategies. Conclusion: Societal expectations of who will die during the COVID-19 pandemic will likely be wrong if they assume pre-pandemic mortality sex ratios because the intra-pandemic ratios appear, at least in Norway and Sweden, detectably higher. The contribution of differences in policies to reduce risky behavior to those higher ratios appears, however, small.
Type 2 Diabetes as a Socioecological Disease: Can Youth Poets of Color Become Messengers of Truth and Catalysts for Change?
Authors: Abbs Elizabeth , Daniels Ryane , Schillinger Dean 
Published: May 2021

Background Efforts to confront the type 2 diabetes (T2D) epidemic have been stymied by an absence of effective communication on policy fronts. Whether art can be harnessed to reframe the T2D discourse from an individual, biomedical problem to a multilevel, communal and social problem is not known. Method We explored whether spoken word workshops enable young artists of color to convey a critical consciousness about T2D. The Bigger Picture fosters creation and dissemination of art to shift from the narrow biomedical model toward a comprehensive socioecological model (SEM). Workshops offer (1) public health content, (2) writing exercises, and (3) feedback on drafts. Based on Freire and Boal’s participatory pedagogy, workshops encourage youth to tap into their lived experiences when creating poetry. We analyzed changes in public health literary and activation among participants and mapped poems onto the SEM to assess whether their poetry conveyed the multilevel perspective critical to public health literacy. Results Participants reported significant increases in personal relevance of T2D prevention, T2D discussions with peers, concern about corporations’ targeted marketing, and interest in community organizing to confront the epidemic. Across stanzas, nearly all poems (95%) featured >three of five SEM levels (systemic forces, sectors of influence, societal norms, behavioral settings, individual factors); three-quarters (78%) featured >four levels. Conclusions Engaging youth poets of color to develop artistic content to combat T2D can increase their public health literary and social activation and foster compelling art that communicates how complex, multilevel forces interact to generate disease and disease disparities.
Stent-retriever alone vs. aspiration and stent-retriever combination in large vessel occlusion stroke: A matched analysis
Authors: Mohammaden Mahmoud H , Haussen Diogo C , Pisani Leonardo , Al-Bayati Alhamza R , Anderson Aaron , Liberato Bernardo , Schachter Daniel , Navalkele Digvijaya , Frankel Michael R , Nogueira Raul G 
Published: May 2021

Background Three randomized clinical trials have reported similar safety and efficacy for contact aspiration and stent-retriever thrombectomy. Aim We aimed to determine whether the combined technique (stent-retriever + contact aspiration) was superior to stent-retriever alone as first-line thrombectomy strategy in a patient cohort where balloon guide catheter was universally used. Methods A prospectively maintained mechanical thrombectomy database from January 2018 to December 2019 was reviewed. Patients were included if they had anterior circulation proximal occlusion ischemic stroke (intracranial ICA or MCA-M1/M2 segments) and underwent stent-retriever alone thrombectomy or stent-retriever + contact aspiration as first-line therapy. The primary outcome was the first-pass effect (mTICI2c-3). Secondary outcomes included modified first-pass effect (mTICI2b-3), successful reperfusion (mTICI2b-3) prior to and after any rescue strategy, and 90-day functional independence (mRS ≤ 2). Safety outcomes included rate of parenchymal hematoma type-2 and 90-day mortality. Sensitivity analyses were performed after dividing the overall cohort according to first-line modality into two matched groups. Results A total of 420 patients were included in the analysis (mean age 64.4 years; median baseline NIHSS 16 (11–21)). As compared to first-line stent-retriever alone, first-line stent-retriever + contact aspiration resulted in similar rates of first-pass effect (53% vs. 51%, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.122, 95%CI (0.745–1.691), p = 0.58), modified first-pass effect (63% vs. 60.4%, aOR1.250, 95%CI (0.782–2.00), p = 0.35), final successful reperfusion (97.6% vs. 98%, p = 0.75), and higher chances of successful reperfusion prior to any rescue strategy (81.8% vs. 72.5%, aOR 2.033, 95%CI (1.209–3.419), p = 0.007). Functional outcome and safety measures were comparable between both groups. Likewise, the matched analysis (148 patient-pairs) demonstrated comparable results for all clinical and angiographic outcomes except for significantly higher rates of successful reperfusion prior to any rescue strategies with the first-line stent-retriever + contact aspiration treatment (81.8% vs. 73.6%, aOR 1.881, 95%CI (1.039–3.405), p = 0.037). Conclusions Our findings reinforce the findings of ASTER-2 trial in that the first-line thrombectomy with a combined technique did not result in increased rates of first-pass reperfusion or better clinical outcomes. However, the addition of contact aspiration after initial stent-retriever failure might be beneficial in achieving earlier reperfusion.
Knowledge and Attitude Towards COVID-19 Among Nursing Students: Palestinian Perspective
Authors: Ayed Ahmad , Zabn Kefah 
Published: May 2021

Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a public health emergency of international concern and called for the collaborative efforts of all countries to prevent rapid spread. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 among Palestinian nursing students. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 218 nursing students from Arab American University and Al-Quds University. The instrument was developed by the researchers after a critical literature review. Results The results revealed that the majority of participates were third academic year level (60.6%). Only 84 (38.5%) of respondents had a high level of knowledge and 17(7.8%) had a positive attitude regarding COVID-19. Conclusion The study confirmed that nursing students had a moderate level of knowledge about COVID-19 and a negative attitude toward it.
Sensitivity of prehospital stroke scales for different intracranial large vessel occlusion locations
Authors: Duvekot Martijne HC , Venema Esmee , Lingsma Hester F , Coutinho Jonathan M , van der Worp H Bart , Hofmeijer Jeannette , Bokkers Reinoud PH , van Es Adriaan CGM , van der Lugt Aad , Kerkhoff Henk , Dippel Diederik WJ , Roozenbeek Bob ,   on behalf of the MR CLEAN Registry investigators
Published: May 2021

Introduction Prehospital stroke scales have been proposed to identify stroke patients with a large vessel occlusion to allow direct transport to an intervention centre capable of endovascular treatment (EVT). It is unclear whether these scales are able to detect not only proximal, but also more distal treatable occlusions. Our aim was to assess the sensitivity of prehospital stroke scales for different EVT-eligible occlusion locations in the anterior circulation. Patients and methods The MR CLEAN Registry is a prospective, observational study in all centres that perform EVT in the Netherlands. We included adult patients with an anterior circulation stroke treated between March 2014 and November 2017. We used National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores at admission to reconstruct previously published prehospital stroke scales. We compared the sensitivity of each scale for different occlusion locations. Occlusions were assessed with CT angiography by an imaging core laboratory blinded to clinical findings. Results We included 3021 patients for the analysis of 14 scales. All scales had the highest sensitivity to detect internal carotid artery terminus occlusions (ranging from 0.21 to 0.97) and lowest for occlusions of the M2 segment (0.08 to 0.84, p-values < 0.001). Discussion and conclusion: Although prehospital stroke scales are generally sensitive for proximal large vessel occlusions, they are less sensitive to detect more distal occlusions.
Synthesis of Fe-layered double hydroxide from bittern and its nitrate-ion removal ability
Authors: Wajima Takaaki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNitrate contamination of surface waters and groundwater is one of the main problems associated with agricultural activities worldwide, and there is an urgent need to develop effective materials and processes to remove efficiently excess nitrate from aquatic environments. Bittern is a seawater resource that contains large amounts of Mg2+ and Ca2+, and its utilization has received much recent attention. In this study, an Fe-type layered double hydroxide (Fe-LDH) product was prepared from bittern with the addition of an inexpensive agent (FeCl3) for nitrate removal. The greatest nitrate removal was obtained for synthesis conditions of pH 8.5–9.5 at 50°C for 0.5 h. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of the product for nitrate was measured and fitted with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The experimental data better fit the Langmuir model than the Freundlich model. The calculated maximum adsorption capacity for nitrate was 0.40 mmol g–1, which was greater than those of other reported nitrate adsorbents. The product removed nitrate ions from a highly saline solution. The order of interference of anion species for nitrate removal was CO32– > SO42– > Br– > NO2– > Cl– > F–. The pH of the solution and removal of nitrate increased with increasing solution temperature because of ion exchange between the Cl– in Fe-LDH and the NO3– in the solution. Nitrate ions were repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed. The prepared Fe-LDH is expected to be a new inorganic anion exchanger for the removal and recovery of nitrate ions from aquatic environments.
Effectiveness of antibacterial agents against cell-invading bacteria such as Streptococcus pyogenes and Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Iuchi Hiroyuki , Ohori Junichiro , Kiyama Satoshi , Imuta Naoko , Nishi Junichiro , Kurono Yuichi , Yamashita Masaru 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Recurrent tonsillitis is one of the most common otolaryngological disorders caused by cell-invading bacteria, such as Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) and Haemophilus influenzae. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of antibacterial agents against cell-invading bacteria.

Methods
The intracellular invasion of Detroit 562 cells by five strains of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and four strains of S. pyogenes was investigated. The antibacterial agents used were garenoxacin (GRNX), clarithromycin (CAM), amoxicillin (AMPC), cefditoren pivoxil (CDTR-PI), and levofloxacin (LVFX).

Results
Both NTHi and S. pyogenes fully invaded Detroit 562 cells in 6 h and were less sensitive to CAM. GRNX, CAM, and LVFX were effective against bacteria invading the cells, but AMPC and CDTR-PI were not effective. GRNX was the most effective.

Conclusion
GRNX was the most effective agent against bacteria invading cells.