bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Alternaria Alternata Causing Brown Leaf Spot on Apricot (Prunus Armeniaca) in Karbala Province of Iraq
Authors: Hameed Zeinab L. , Lahuf Adnan A. , Jasim Mundher T. , Mohsen Hassan M. , Kadim Bahaa J. , Saleh Sara A. , Mohamed Asmaa F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring a survey in season 018, leaf spot symptoms were commonly observed on apricot (Prunus armeniaca) trees in the orchards of Al-Hussainiya district in Karbala Province of Iraq. The symptomatic leaves were gathered, the associated fungus was isolated and characterized relied on its morphological features and ITS-rDNA sequencing. The causative factor was found to be the fungusAlternaria alternatathat caused distinguishable leaf spot symptoms on the inoculated leaves of apricot. Based on a review of previous references relatedof this disease in Iraq, this is the first report of the brown leaf spot disease caused byA. alternatain Karbala province of Iraq.
The Effect of Foliar Application of Organic Matter and Salicylic Acid on The Growth and Yield in Strawberry (Fragaria Ananassa)
Authors: Al-Karawi Hussain N. R. , Salman Fouad A. , Al-Deheimawi Abdulkadhim J. M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The research was carried out in one of the greenhouses of the Horticulture and Landscape Division nursery in the Plant Production Department - Directorate of Agriculture – Najaf Governorate for the agricultural season 2018-2019. Experiment aimed to study the effect of foliar application of organic matter and salicylic acid on the growth and yield of the Strawberry.. The study included nine treatments, which are three concentrations of organic matter of (HumiferT-ULTRA) was used (0, 3, and 6) ml.L-1, and Salicylic Acid treatment with three concentrations (0, 100, and 200) mg.L-1. Furthermore, it was implemented as a factorial experiment according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results showed that the treatment of 3 ml.L-1 of organic matter was significantly achieved the heist values in plant height, percentage of carbohydrates, and anthocyanin pigment in the fruit, while the other traits were superior significantly at the level of 6 ml.L-1. On the other hand, the foliar application of with salicylic acid resulted in significant superiority in all the studied traits, especially at the concentration of 200 mg.L-1 except the leaf content of chlorophyll and the plant yield, which recorded a significant superiority at the concentration of 100 mg.L-1. Finally, the interaction of the study factors had a significant effect on all the studied traits.
Effect of Adding Water-Soluble Chitosan on Some Physiological Traits of Quail Males
Authors: Raouf Samah Maiser , Abdulwahid Ammar Salah aldeen , Abed allaw Ahmed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the effect of adding water-soluble chitosan on some hematological and biochemical traits in the quail during rearing for meat production, twenty-seven male quail at nine weeks of age were randomly assigned to three treatments with three replicates, it was treated with chitosan for 28 days, according to the following concentrations, the first treatment (control treatment), the second and third treatments, water-soluble chitosan was added at a concentration of 0.2 and 0.3 g/L, respectively. The results showed that there were no significant differences among treatments in RBC, PCV, Hb, MCV, MCH, glucose concentration and AST and ALT enzymatic activity, while there were significantly increased WBC in both experimentsin addition treatments compared to the control treatment. The adding of the water-soluble chitosan at a concentration of 0.2 and 0.3 g/L resulted in a significant decrease in the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides, while the adding 0.3 g/Lled to a significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in the total protein concentration, albumin and Globulin compared with the control group. We conclude from this research that the adding of water-soluble chitosan at a concentration of 0.3 g/L has the potential to improve productive performance and enhance bird health.
The Therapeuticrole of Moringa Oleifera Against Bisphenol A toxicity That Induce Renal Effects in Rats
Authors: Saleh Hind Mohammed , Ayed Hani Sabbar , Salih Ahmed Ibrahim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The objective of the current work was to induce histological lesions by BPA(Bisphenol A)and then diagnosis the therapeutic role of Moringa oleifera. 66 adult male rats were used in the present work and divided as following: Rats were administrated (orally) normal saline as control group. Rats group were administrated (orally) 5mg BPA and divided into 4 subgroups were each subgroup treated with Moringa oleifera (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 300mg/kg and 400mg/kg), respectively. Rats were administrated (orally) 10mg BPA and divided to 4 subgroups were each subgroup treated with Moringa oleifera (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 300mg/kg and 400mg/kg), respectively. The findings of BPA groups showed significant (P<0.05) elevated in urea and creatinine with different histological lesions in the kidney include damaged glomerulus, degeneration of tubules cells, and lymphocytes infiltration. After treatment with Moringa oleifera, renal parameters and kidney tissues were back to the normal state and non-significant (P≤0.05) changes compared with the control group.
Effect of Foliar Application of Glutamic Acid and Nano Zinc Oxide on The Active Compounds and Phenols of Goldenrods (Solidag SP)
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed A. , Makki Suhad A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University for the agricultural season 2020. Two factors were studied: first; foliar application of glutamic acid at three levels (0.100,200) mg.L-1 and the second; nano zinc oxide at four levels (0,0,50,1,1050) mg.L-1 in Randomized Complete Block Design ( RCDB) with three replication. The interaction A2Z3 treatment (glutamic acid 200 mg. L-1 + nano zinc oxide 1.50 g.L-1) was achieved the highest values of a-Pinene, limonene, Linalool and Myrcene Terpinen which reached (31.4, 20.3, 22.4, 27.4 and 28.2 mg.L-1) respectively, compared to the control treatment. Whereas the interaction treatment A2Z2 (glutamic acid 200 mg.L-1 + nano zinc oxide 1 g.L-1) achieved the highest values of Camphene (35.6 mg. L-1). While the interaction of A2Z3 (glutamic acid 200 mg.L-1 + nano-zinc oxide 1.50 g.L-1) was recorded the highest concentration of Rutin and Caryophyllene, which reached (40.1 - 253.8 μg.ml-1 ) respectively, While the interaction treatment A1Z3 (glutamic acid 100 mg.L-1 + nano zinc oxide 1.50 g.L-1) was achieved the highest value of Qurcetine (192.9 μg.ml-1).
Effect of Cytokinin Levels on Some Varieties of Wheat on Yield, Growth and Yield Components
Authors: Alzaayid Dhiaa Thalij Jassim , Aloush Rana Hashim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An experiment was conducted throughout winter 2020-2021 in the experimental field of the Department of Field Crops, Tikrit University to investigate the effect of spraying cytokinin on the growth and yield of wheat bread Triticum aestivum L varieties. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with a split-plot system and three replications. Cytokinin concentrations were 0, 100, 200 that were sprayed on two dates; during the branching stage (ZGS: 22); during the al-Battan stage (ZGS:40). Ten varieties were used included Al-Rasheed, Ibaa 99, Sham 6, Baghdad, Bohouth 22, Adana 99, Bora Italian, Sulaymaniyah 2, Al Fayyad and Al Wafiya. Nnumber of days from planting to 50% of spikes, leaf area of the flag, grain yield and biological, and protein percentage and wet gluten percentage were measured. The ten-wheat cultivars showed a significant difference in growth, yield, and quality. The Fayyad was the earliest than the other cultivars by the number of days from emergence to 50% spikes, 104.33 days, and the highest of the number of spikes per area unit, 569.22 spikes. m-2. Rashid cultivar showed the highest average of flag leaf area, 67.22 cm2, and the highest average number of grains per spike,100.88 grains. Also, it gave the highest average of grain yield, 496.77 g. m-2. Sulaymaniyah 2 cultivar was the highest in the weight of 1000 grains, 51.38 g. Spraying 200 ml. L-1 cytokinin indicated a significant difference for the most of traits such as flag leaf area, 53.56 cm2, the number of grains in the 78.80 grains, biological yield 452.46 g. m-1, protein percentage, 15.02%.
A study of Irrigation Water Pollution By Some Heavy Metals in Baghdad Governorate
Authors: Abdulateef Ali Akram , Naser Kadhim M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA study of irrigation water was conducted Baghdad city to find out extent of its pollution by some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, CU, Cr, Zn and Fe). Water samples were collected randomly from different sources (river, well and stream). Results showed that the concentration of studied heavy metals were as follows: Lead between 0.43-11.75 mg L-1, Cadmium between 0.01-0.95 mg L-1, Nickel between 0.008-0.46 mg L-1, Cobalt between Nil - 0.185 mg L-1, Copper is between 0.326 - 1.58 mg L-1, Chromium is between Nil-0.068 mg L-1, Zinc 0.398-1.182 mg L-1, as for Iron between 0.794 - 3.253 mg L-1, and high concentrations of heavy metals were in all samples, The most sites were higher than a critical limits permitted by the International Food and Agriculture Organization.
Egg Production and Biological Activities in Laying Hens are Affected By Different Molting Programs
Authors: Abdulwahid Ammar S. , Mohammed Arkan B. , Al-Jumaliy Tareq 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to compare two molting methods by using aluminum sulfate (2.5 g/kg) and diet withdrawal on productivity, eggs quality, and lipid profile of laying hens. A total of 180 Hy-line Brown hens 80 weeks of age were randomly assigned to three replicates of three treatments of 30 hens/treatment from 70–87 weeks of age; hens were exposed to one of the following two molt groups: T1, aluminum sulfate (2.5 g/kg) and T2, feed withdrawal(14 days). Egg production was recorded daily/hen in each cage and weekly for each treatment. Following the forced molting, feed consumption was recorded and calculated weekly. Feed conversion rate as a feed/g egg mass was calculated weekly for each treatment. Haugh unit was determined by [11]. At the end of the experiment blood samples were collected from nine laying hens/treatment from the extrinsic vein using a 5mL sterilized syringe with heparin for biochemical determination parameters. Blood samples were centrifuged at 4000rpm for ten minutes. Plasma and serum were separated and stored (- 20°C) until the biochemical measurement. Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin, ALT, and AST were determined in this study. The data were analyzed using (ANOVA) to analyze the difference between treatments. A significant difference was identified between treatments, by using Duncan’s test for multiple comparisons. The results of this study indicated that hens subject to feed withdrawal treatment showed a significant (p < 0.05) percentage of body weight loss compared to those in the feed with aluminum (2.5g/kg). We did not find significant (p>0.05) differences in hens performance for all treatments in the post molt for 56 days. Our data showed hens had significantly lower (p < 0.05) in hen day egg production when compared with other treatments after molting, also, the egg weight showed no significant differences between treatments. The results showed a significant (p<0.05) difference in albumin and globulin between molt methods. Our experiment indicated that aluminum sulfate (2.5 g/kg) and feed withdrawal represent a viable alternative to the molting method for the successful induction of molting and retention of post molt performance.
Physicochemical Properties and Phenolic Contents of Fresh and Concentrated Juice of Four Pomegranate Cultivars in Iraq
Authors: Abdulrahman Azhin Bakhtyar Mahmood , Mhamad Huda Jamal , Talb Sonia Sardar , Aljabary Ali Muhi Aldeen Omar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, four pomegranate cultivars were selected in Halabja City. Their physical properties such as peel, arils, juice, seed, and juice concentrate percentage, chemical properties, and some phenolic and sugars compounds of the juices and juices concentrate was compared among all cultivars. Of all four cultivars (Wonderful, Swra hanar, Salakhani, and Kaua hanar), Wonderful and Salakhani presented the highest pH values in juice and juice concentrate and they obtained a signififcant percentage of juice concentrate, total sugars, total anthocyanin, total phenols, and ascorbic acid. Other cultivars presented also individual properties such as high phenolic compounds were studied and interesting juice concentrate percentage content (Swra hanar cultivar) and the highest arils percentage and high amounts of fructose, sucrose, glucose, and ascorbic the acid in juice and juice concentrate content (Kaua hanar cultivar) and highest juice percentage (Wonderful cultivar). Thus, this work will help pomegranate producers in selecting the extreme appropriate cultivar depending on its final utilize, especially being convenient for fresh consumption or juice concentrate.
Effect of Adding Octacosanol, Oils of Wheat Germ, and Rice to The Diet on Sexual Maturity, Fertility, Hatching and Reproductive System Weight of Quail
Authors: Jalil Ali Q. , Allaw Ahmed A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This research was conducted to study the effect of adding different percentages of octacosanol (OC), wheat germ oil (WGO), and rice oil (RO) to the ration as an indicator of fertility and hatching of quail birds. Two hundred and eighty-eight quails were used in this study, aged 45 days, and distributed into 24 cages, each cage contained 12 birds (9 females/3 males) for three months. Quail birds were fed production ration. Treatments were added according to the following six treatments: (T1) as a control treatment without any addition, (T2) adding 15 mg octacosanol/kg feedstuff, (T3) adding 20 mg octacosanol/kg feedstuff, (T4) adding 25 mg octacosanol/kg feedstuff, (T5) adding 5 ml of wheat germ oil/kg feedstuff, (T6) adding 5 ml of rice oil/kg feedstuff. After the flock production exceeded 50% and the production of the herd stabilized, 300 eggs were randomly taken from all treatments (50 eggs/treatment) and inserted into an incubator for hatching. Age at sexual maturity, production of 25 and 50%, fertility rate, hatching ratio, The relative weight of the ovaries, egg ducts, and yolk weight were measured in this study. Results found a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the fertility rate for all treatments, but not T3, compared to the control group. Also, the hatchability rate of two ratios of hatching (total eggs and hatching from fertilized eggs) showed a significant increase in T4 compared to other treatments groups. In addition, results showed a significant increase in the relative weight of the second and third yolks for T4 compared to the control group. However, no significant differences showed between all of the experimental treatments in age at sexual maturity and production of 25 and 50% for quail eggs, ovarian weight, oviduct weights, and the relative weight of the first yolk.
Effect of Phosphate and Bio Fertilizers (Trichoderma Harizanum) on The Vegetative and Flowering Growth of Clover Plant (Dianthus Caryophyllus)
Authors: Ahmed Mahmood S. H. , Kaeel Firas A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Plants need an optimum nutrition range as well as a least necessary limit. Below this minimum level, plants start to present nutrient deficiency signs, so the experiment was conducted in a Plastic Greenhouse of the department of plant protection at the College of Agriculture, the University of Al-Anbar from 20/8/2020 to 20/6/2021 to know study the effect of the superphosphate fertilizer four levels (0,1.5,3 and, 4.5) gm/kg soil and Trichoderma harzianum with three levels (0, 5, and 10) gm/kg soil on growth of Clover Plant. Those variables were used, in addition to the interaction between them, to study the effects on the vegetation and flowering characteristics. The best results were obtained when using the at the treatment of Phosphate fertilizer P2O5 with 4.5 gm and biological fungus with 10 gm/kg soil. The result was leaf area was 12 cm2, Chlorophyll 87.18 mg/100gm damp weight, Anthocyanin 40.12 per g dry weight, flower diameter 9.58 cm, and the surface area of roots was 70.74 cm2.
Effect of Aflatoxin B1 Contaminated Corn and Their Products on Some Physiology Parameters in Laboratory Rats
Authors: Khaled Mustafa Q. , Thalij Karkaz M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Food Sciences/College of Agriculture and in the animal house of the College of Veterinary Medicine and the Central Laboratory at Tikrit University for the period from the beginning of September 2020 to the end of February 2021, with the aim of identifying the types of fungi contaminating corn grains and their products in Iraqi stores and markets and estimating the concentration of Aflatoxin B1 toxins using ELISA technique, the results of Aflatoxin B1 tests showed that all samples contained a higher percentage of what is allowed to be used in human food, which was between (39.5-29) μg/g. The results also showed that feeding of corn samples and its products contaminated with Aflatoxin B1 to rats fed for 21 days affected the significant decrease (p<0.05) in body weight and weight gained for laboratory rats, as well as liver, kidney and spleen enlargement for those animals. There was also a significant decrease in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin and an increase in the number of white blood cells compared with the control group. The results also showed a significant increase in the activity of liver enzymes for AST, ALT and ALP, and an increase in the concentration of renal parameters for both urea and creatinine concentrations.
Isolation and Identification of Ssome Lactobacillus Spp. Bacteria and Evaluation Their Efficacy in The Management of Damping off Disease on Peas
Authors: Ajaj Duha Faisal , Hassan Abdullah Abdulkarim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Twenty-eight isolates of Lactobacillus bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of pea plants grown in the fields of five districts in Salah al-Din, which included: Tikrit, Al-Alam, Al-Sharqat, Samarra and Baiji, diagnosed according to phenotypic and biochemical tests. Results showed the effect of L. paralimentarius 1081 on vegetative growth characteristics. Treatment of (bacterial filtrate + Ridomil in the presence of pathogenic fungi) was recording the highest values in dry weight of the vegetative and root systems, was 3.91 and 1.23 g respectively in the local cultivar, compared with the lowest values was 2.60 g and 0.76 g respectively in the Syrian cultivar. All treatments inducing plant resistance compared with healthy plants, and the highest activity of the Peroxidase and Polyphenol oxides in the treatment of (Bacterial filtrate + ridomil in the presence of pathogenic fungi), were 1.08 and 1.33 units/ml in the local cultivar, compared to the Syrian cultivar were 0.015 and 0.013, respectively. Results showed a significant decrease in the severity of infection for all treatments compared to the pathogenic fungus treatment, and the lowest infection severity of the vegetative and root systems was recorded in the treatment of (Bacterial filtrate + ridomil in the presence of pathogenic fungi), which was 14.11 and 12.47% in the local cultivar. There was a significant superiority of all treatments in productivity parameters of pea compared to the treatment of pathogenic fungi only, the highest of those parameters including weight of pods and grains weight/plant were recorded in the treatment (Bacterial filtrate + ridomil in the presence of pathogenic fungi) for the local cultivar was 18.07 g and 14.04 g compared to 10.43 g and 8.20 g in the treatment of the Syrian cultivar with pathogenic fungi only.
Bioherbicidal Actions of Common Purslane on Seed Germination and Growth of Some Crop and Weed Species
Authors: Hamad Saber W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to examine allelopathic actions of Common Purslane Portulaca oleracea L. aqueous shoot and root extracts on germination of seeds and some growth parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rapeseed (Brassica napus). The experiment was performed in sterilized Petri dishes for one week at 22 °C. The experiment was arranged for completely randomized design. The concentrations were chosen for this study as (0%, 3%, 6% and 9%). The results indicated that the higher concentrations (6% and 9%) of both shoot and root extracts of common purslane caused significant reduction in seed germination whereas the lowest concentration caused the least negative impact on seed germination. Other growth polarimeters such as shoot and root length and shoot and root oven dry weight were significantly inhibited by the application of both Common Purslane aqueous shoot and root extracts at concentrations (6% and 9%) in wheat T. aestivum and rapeseed B. napus. However, dicot B. napus turned out to be more effected than monocot T. aestivum. The findings of this study suggest that common purslane aqueous shoot and root extracts can be recommended to utilize as bio-herbicide to supress seed germination and growth of weeds.
Application of Milk Proteins Co-Precipitates Prepared Using Different Types of Minerals as Coating Materials to Reduce Oil Uptake of Fried Potato Strips
Authors: Mohammed Nwa Rebaz , Al-Saadi Jasim M. S. , Aljabary Ali Muhi Aldeen Omar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe edible coatings are a suitable method to decrease oil uptake in fried foods. In this study, the effects of milk protein co-precipitates aggregated using different types of minerals (CaCl2: 17 mM, FeCl3: 18 mM, ZnCl2: 18 mM, and MgCl2: 20 mM) and affected on the properties of fried potato strips were evaluated. Edible coating solutions were performed at two concentrations (%2.5 w/v) and (%5 w/v. According to the results, coated potato slices with edible coating solutions based on milk proteins co-precipitated by MgCl2(%5) recorded higher hardness value among all the salts before frying process. Generally after frying process, coated French fries with edible coating solutions were the hardest comparable with uncoated (control) French fries, at the %2.5 w/v concentration the higher hardness value was recorded by coated French fries with CaCl2milk protein co-precipitates and at the %5 w/v concentration the higher hardness value was recorded by coated French fries with milk protein co-precipitates ZnCl2. The experimental results showed that the coating solutions based on milk proteins co-precipitated had a positive and great effect on reducing oil uptake. In conclusion, The edible coating solutions based on milk proteins co-precipitated prepared by ZnCl2, MgCl2at concentration %5 (w/v) reduced oil adsorption more than other coating solutions and in the same time increased the moisture content of final products sequentially compared with uncoated (control) samples. According to the sensory test, coated French fries with milk proteins co-precipitated by MgCl2had the higher sensory evaluation degrees in appearance, color, taste and overall acceptability, while coated French fries with milk proteins co-precipitated by ZnCl2got the highest sensory evaluation degrees for texture.