bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dislocation Creep of Diopside Aggregates Under Unsaturated Hydrous Conditions at a Confining Pressure of 300 MPa
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Song Maoshuang , Wang Hao , Zhang Guinan , Mei Shenghua , Zheng Xiaodong , Wang Xiaoning , Jiang Zhexuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo understand the dislocation creep behavior of clinopyroxene in the upper mantle, hot‐pressed diopside aggregates without predrying treatment were triaxially deformed under water‐unsaturated conditions at a confining pressure of 300 MPa, temperatures of 1323–1523 K, and strain rates of 10−6–10−4 s−1, using a Paterson gas‐medium apparatus. Fourier transform infrared measurements of the water contents of the samples before and after deformation revealed that water diffusion loss occurred during the deformation process. A simple diffusion model based on Fick's law was established to predict the variation in the water content with respect to time during deformation. Fitting the mechanical data with a power flow law yielded a stress exponent n of 4.3 ± 0.3, an activation energy Q of 427 ± 31 kJ/mol and a water content exponent r of 1.2 ± 0.2 for the dislocation creep of the diopside aggregates under water‐unsaturated conditions. When the flow law was extrapolated to anhydrous and water‐saturated conditions, the calculated flow strengths of the diopside aggregates were generally in agreement with the strengths determined directly by deformation experiments, but there also existed contribution from grain boundary water under water‐saturated conditions. The results of our study indicate that the strength of diopside or upper mantle clinopyroxene is comparable to the strength of olivine under anhydrous conditions but weaker than that of olivine under water‐saturated conditions in the dislocation creep regime. Therefore, diopside might dominate the rheological behavior in some clinopyroxene‐enriched and hydrous regions of the upper mantle.
Dynamic Vortex Height Evolution During Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification
Authors: DesRosiers Alexander J. , Bell Michael M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe vertical structure of the tropical cyclone (TC) vortex can be quantified throughout the TC life cycle via the dynamic height of the vortex (DHOV) metric, which is sensitive to the rate of decay of the tangential wind field with height. Observed storms always possessed a high DHOV value prior to periods of rapid intensification (RI). When limited to vertically‐aligned TCs where the low‐ to mid‐level vortex tilt magnitude is small, all DHOV values are found to be large enough for RI. Vortex tilt results from environmental vertical wind shear (VWS) and a similar relationship is found in an ensemble of TCs simulated in a moderate shear environment. Once vortex tilt decreases, both the observed and ensemble TCs exhibit a concurrent increase of DHOV and intensity, indicating the metric provides useful information about changing vertical structure in both tilted and aligned TCs. The growth of DHOV during RI is closely coupled with a strengthening warm core at the upper levels. A simulation with an upper‐level jet of VWS is used to better understand the importance of the upper levels during RI by disrupting vortex development there. DHOV and intensity of the TC are effectively capped in the jet simulation relative to its counterpart in a control simulation, indicating shear can limit TC height without appreciable low‐ to mid‐level tilt. Differences in kinematic and thermal structure between the jet and control runs are found from 12‐ to 16‐km altitude, suggesting the importance of warming near the tropopause in powerful TCs.
Emissions and Chemistry of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Los Angeles Basin in Summer 2022
Authors: Jensen A. R. , Morris M. A. , Schulze B. C. , Bradley A. C. , Anderson L. D. , Jenks O. J. , Dresser W. D. , Ball K. , Ward R. X. , Day D. A. , Crounse J. D. , Meinardi S. , Barletta B. , Blake D. R. , Seinfeld J. H. , Wennberg P. O. , Jimenez J. L. , de Gouw J. A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe ozone air quality standard is regularly surpassed in the Los Angeles air basin, and efforts to mitigate ozone production have targeted emissions of precursor volatile organic compounds (VOCs), especially from mobile sources. In order to assess how VOC concentrations, emissions, and chemistry have changed over the past decade, VOCs were measured in this study using a Vocus‐2R proton‐transfer reaction time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer in Pasadena, California, downwind of Los Angeles, in summer 2022. Relative to 2010, ambient concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons have declined at a similar rate as carbon monoxide, suggesting reduced overall emissions from mobile sources. However, the ambient concentrations of oxygenated VOCs have remained similar or increased, suggesting a greater relative importance of oxidation products and other emission sources, such as volatile chemical products whose emissions are largely unregulated. Relative to 2010, the range of measured VOCs was expanded, including higher aromatics and additional volatile chemical products, allowing a better understanding of a wider range of emission sources. Emission ratios relative to carbon monoxide were estimated and compared with 2010 emission ratios. Average measured ozone concentrations were generally comparable between 2022 and 2010; however, at the same temperature, daytime ozone concentrations were lower in 2022 than 2010. Faster photochemistry was observed in 2022, with average hydroxyl radical exposure being ∼68% higher during midday (statistically significant at 95% confidence), although this difference reduces to ∼35% when comparing observations at ambient temperatures of 25–30°C only. Future trends in temperature are important in predicting ozone production.
Toward Understanding Parametric Controls on Runoff Sensitivity to Climate in the Community Land Model: A Case Study Over the Colorado River Headwaters
Authors: Elkouk Ahmed , Pokhrel Yadu , Livneh Ben , Payton Elizabeth , Luo Lifeng , Cheng Yifan , Dagon Katherine , Swenson Sean , Wood Andrew W. , Lawrence David M. , Thiery Wim 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCrucial to the assessment of future water security is how the land model component of Earth System Models partition precipitation into evapotranspiration and runoff, and the sensitivity of this partitioning to climate. This sensitivity is not explicitly constrained in land models nor the model parameters important for this sensitivity identified. Here, we seek to understand parametric controls on runoff sensitivity to precipitation and temperature in a state‐of‐the‐science land model, the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5). Process‐parameter interactions underlying these two climate sensitivities are investigated using the sophisticated variance‐based sensitivity analysis. This analysis focuses on three snow‐dominated basins in the Colorado River headwaters region, a prominent exemplar where land models display a wide disparity in runoff sensitivities. Runoff sensitivities are dominated by indirect or interaction effects between a few parameters of subsurface, snow, and plant processes. A focus on only one kind of parameters would therefore limit the ability to constrain the others. Surface runoff exhibits strong sensitivity to parameters of snow and subsurface processes. Constraining snow simulations would require explicit representation of the spatial variability across large elevation gradients. Subsurface runoff and soil evaporation exhibit very similar sensitivities. Model calibration against the subsurface runoff flux would therefore constrain soil evaporation. The push toward a mechanistic treatment of processes in CLM5 have dampened the sensitivity of parameters compared to earlier model versions. A focus on the sensitive parameters and processes identified here can help characterize and reduce uncertainty in water resource sensitivity to climate change.
ADNP is essential for sex-dependent hippocampal neurogenesis, through male unfolded protein response and female mitochondrial gene regulation
Authors: Shapira Guy , Karmon Gidon , Hacohen-Kleiman Gal , Ganaiem Maram , Shazman Shula , Theotokis Paschalis , Grigoriadis Nikolaos , Shomron Noam , Gozes Illana 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEssential for brain formation and protective against tauopathy, activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is critical for neurogenesis and cognitive functions, while regulating steroid hormone biogenesis. As such, de novo mutations in ADNP lead to syndromic autism and somatic ADNP mutations parallel Alzheimer’s disease progression. Furthermore, clinical trials with the ADNP fragment NAP (the investigational drug davunetide) showed efficacy in women suffering from the tauopathy progressive supranuclear palsy and differentially boosted memory in men (spatial) and women (verbal), exhibiting prodromal Alzheimer’s disease. While autism is more prevalent in boys and Alzheimer’s disease in women, both involve impaired neurogenesis. Here, we asked whether ADNP sex-dependently regulates neurogenesis. Using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) as a marker of neurogenesis, we identified two-fold higher labeling in the hippocampal sub-ventricular zone of ADNP-intact male versus female mice. Adnp haplo-insufficient (Adnp+/−) mice or mice CRSIPR/Cas9-edited to present the most prevalent neurodevelopmental ADNP syndrome mutation, p.Tyr718* (Tyr) showed dramatic reductions in male BrdU incorporation, resulting in mutated females presenting higher labeling than males. Treatment with NAP compensated for the male reduction of BrdU labeling. Mechanistically, hippocampal RNAseq revealed male-specific Tyr down-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response genes critical for sex-dependent organogenesis. Newly discovered mitochondrial accessibility of ADNP was inhibited by the Tyr718* mutation further revealing female-specific Tyr downregulation of mitochondrial ATP6. NAP moderated much of the differential expression caused by p.Tyr718*, accompanied by the down-regulation of neurotoxic, pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic genes. Thus, ADNP is a key regulator of sex-dependent neurogenesis that acts by controlling canonical pathways, with NAP compensating for fundamental ADNP deficiencies, striding toward clinical development targeting the ADNP syndrome and related neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative diseases.
Influence of network heterogeneity on the nanoscale mechanical properties of epoxy resins
Authors: Nguyen Hung K. , Shundo Atsuomi , Yamamoto Satoru , Tanaka Keiji , Nakajima Ken 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe presence of structural heterogeneities in glassy epoxy networks can strongly affect the adhesiveness and mechanical properties of epoxy-based materials. Recent studies have demonstrated that the size and architecture of structural heterogeneities can be monitored during the curing process, thus providing an effective way to control multiple physical properties of epoxy resins. However, because the size of heterogeneities is believed to be at the nanoscale, obtaining insights into the direct correlation between the local behavior of heterogeneities and the preparation conditions remains challenging. Here, we combine two recently developed atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based methods, bimodal amplitude and frequency modulation and nanoscale dynamic mechanical analysis (nDMA), to directly visualize and quantify the nanoscale mechanical properties of epoxy resins obtained via different curing conditions. Our AFM maps clearly show a correlation between the curing conditions and the heterogeneous behavior of the resulting epoxy networks, which is in excellent agreement with those predicted from macroscopic measurements. Notably, our nDMA results revealed a relationship between network heterogeneity and the glass transition behavior of the epoxy resins.
Development of mirror-image monobodies targeting the oncogenic BCR::ABL1 kinase
Authors: Schmidt Nina , Kumar Amit , Korf Lukas , Dinh-Fricke Adrian Valentin , Abendroth Frank , Koide Akiko , Linne Uwe , Rakwalska-Bange Magdalena , Koide Shohei , Essen Lars-Oliver , Vázquez Olalla , Hantschel Oliver 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMirror-image proteins, composed of d-amino acids, are an attractive therapeutic modality, as they exhibit high metabolic stability and lack immunogenicity. Development of mirror-image binding proteins is achieved through chemical synthesis of d-target proteins, phage display library selection of l-binders and chemical synthesis of (mirror-image) d-binders that consequently bind the physiological l-targets. Monobodies are well-established synthetic (l-)binding proteins and their small size (~90 residues) and lack of endogenous cysteine residues make them particularly accessible to chemical synthesis. Here, we develop monobodies with nanomolar binding affinities against the d-SH2 domain of the leukemic tyrosine kinase BCR::ABL1. Two crystal structures of heterochiral monobody-SH2 complexes reveal targeting of the pY binding pocket by an unconventional binding mode. We then prepare potent d-monobodies by either ligating two chemically synthesized d-peptides or by self-assembly without ligation. Their proper folding and stability are determined and high-affinity binding to the l-target is shown. d-monobodies are protease-resistant, show long-term plasma stability, inhibit BCR::ABL1 kinase activity and bind BCR::ABL1 in cell lysates and permeabilized cells. Hence, we demonstrate that functional d-monobodies can be developed readily. Our work represents an important step towards possible future therapeutic use of d-monobodies when combined with emerging methods to enable cytoplasmic delivery of monobodies.
Evolution of fast-growing piscivorous herring in the young Baltic Sea
Authors: Goodall Jake , Pettersson Mats E. , Bergström Ulf , Cocco Arianna , Delling Bo , Heimbrand Yvette , Karlsson O. Magnus , Larsson Josefine , Waldetoft Hannes , Wallberg Andreas , Wennerström Lovisa , Andersson Leif 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe circumstances under which species diversify to genetically distinct lineages is a fundamental question in biology. Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) is an extremely abundant zooplanktivorous species that is subdivided into multiple ecotypes that differ regarding spawning time and genetic adaption to local environmental conditions such as temperature, salinity, and light conditions. Here we show using whole genome analysis that multiple populations of piscivorous (fish-eating) herring have evolved sympatrically after the colonization of the brackish Baltic Sea within the last 8000 years postglaciation. The piscivorous ecotype grows faster, and is much larger and less abundant than the zooplanktivorous Baltic herring. Lesions of the gill rakers in the piscivorous ecotype indicated incomplete adaptation to a fish diet. This niche expansion of herring in the young Baltic Sea, with its paucity of piscivorous species, suggests that empty niche space is more important than geographic isolation for the evolution of biodiversity.
Pairing at a single Van Hove point
Authors: Ojajärvi Risto , Chubukov Andrey V. , Lee Yueh-Chen , Garst Markus , Schmalian Jörg 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe show that an interacting electronic system with a single ordinary or extended Van Hove point, which crosses the Fermi energy, is unstable against triplet superconductivity. The pairing mechanism is unconventional. There is no Cooper instability. Instead, pairing is due to the divergence of the density of states at a Van Hove point, leading to a superconducting quantum critical point at a finite detuning from the Van Hove point. The transition temperature is universally determined by the exponent governing the divergence of the density of states. Enhancing this exponent drastically increases Tc. The Cooper pair wave function has a non-monotonic momentum dependence with a steep slope near the gap nodes. In the absence of spin–orbit coupling, pairing fluctuations suppress a 2e spin-triplet state, but allow pairs of triplets to condense into a charge-4e singlet state at a temperature of similar order as our result.
Evolution of sexual size dimorphism in tetrapods is driven by varying patterns of sex-specific selection on size
Authors: Slavenko Alex , Cooper Natalie , Meiri Shai , Murali Gopal , Pincheira-Donoso Daniel , Thomas Gavin H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSexual size dimorphism (SSD) is highly prevalent in nature. Several hypotheses aim to explain its evolution including sexual selection, differential equilibrium and ecological niche divergence. Disentangling the causal mechanism behind the evolution of SSD is challenging, as selection arising from multiple pressures on fitness may act simultaneously to generate observed patterns. Here, we use phylogenetic comparative methods to study the evolution of SSD across tetrapods globally. We estimate directional changes in body size evolution, and compare the number, phylogenetic position and magnitude of size changes between sexes. We find evidence that directional changes in size associated with SSD are typically more common in males—even in lineages where females are larger. However, underlying mechanisms differ among lineages—whereas SSD in amphibians becomes more male-biased with greater increases in male size and mammalian SSD becomes more female-biased with greater decreases in male size. Thus, differing mechanisms of directional body size evolution across sexes are essential to explain observed SSD patterns.
Steering perovskite precursor solutions for multijunction photovoltaics
Authors: Hu Shuaifeng , Wang Junke , Zhao Pei , Pascual Jorge , Wang Jianan , Rombach Florine , Dasgupta Akash , Liu Wentao , Truong Minh Anh , Zhu He , Kober-Czerny Manuel , Drysdale James N. , Smith Joel A. , Yuan Zhongcheng , Aalbers Guus J. W. , Schipper Nick R. M. , Yao Jin , Nakano Kyohei , Turren-Cruz Silver-Hamill , Dallmann André , Christoforo M. Greyson , Ball James M. , McMeekin David P. , Zaininger Karl-Augustin , Liu Zonghao , Noel Nakita K. , Tajima Keisuke , Chen Wei , Ehara Masahiro , Janssen René A. J. , Wakamiya Atsushi , Snaith Henry J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Multijunction photovoltaics (PVs) are gaining prominence owing to their superior capability of achieving power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) beyond the radiative limit of single-junction cells1–8, for which improving narrow-bandgap (NBG) tin–lead perovskites is critical for thin-film devices9. Here, with a focus on understanding the chemistry of tin–lead perovskite precursor solutions, we find that Sn(ii) species dominate interactions with precursors and additives and uncover the exclusive role of carboxylic acid in regulating solution colloidal properties and film crystallization and ammonium in improving film optoelectronic properties. Materials that combine these two functional groups, amino acid salts, considerably improve the semiconducting quality and homogeneity of perovskite films, surpassing the effect of the individual functional groups when introduced as part of separate molecules. Our enhanced tin–lead perovskite layer allows us to fabricate solar cells with PCEs of 23.9%, 29.7% (certified 29.26%) and 28.7% for single-junction, double-junction and triple-junction devices, respectively. Our 1-cm2 triple-junction devices show PCEs of 28.4% (certified 27.28%). Encapsulated triple-junction cells maintain 80% of their initial efficiencies after 860 h maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in ambient. We further fabricate quadruple-junction devices and obtain PCEs of 27.9% with the highest open-circuit voltage of 4.94 V. This work establishes a new benchmark for multijunction PVs.
HED LANG – A Hierarchical Event Descriptors library extension for annotation of language cognition experiments
Authors: Denissen Monique , Pöll Bernhard , Robbins Kay , Makeig Scott , Hutzler Florian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExperimental design in language cognition research often involves presenting language material while measuring associated behavior and/or neural activity. To make the collected data easily and fully analyzable by both the original data authors and others, it is important to have detailed information about the stimulus presentation events, including the nature and properties of the presented stimuli, using a common vocabulary and syntax. We present HED LANG, a library extension of the Hierarchical Event Descriptors (HED) event annotation schema for time series behavioral and neuroimaging data. HED LANG provides an open source, standardized vocabulary for building detailed, human- and machine-actionable annotations for language cognition datasets. It builds on existing annotation systems in linguistics and is supported by a suite of HED tools for annotating, validating, searching, and characterizing HED-tagged datasets. HED LANG is specific enough to allow event data annotation at the range of levels needed to support many current research paradigms and analyses. Both HED and HED LANG are open to community input and participation, enabling them to evolve with continuing developments in language cognition research.
Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma associated with gastric ulcers in alpacas
Authors: Neubert Saskia , Wagener Matthias Gerhard , Ganter Martin , Puff Christina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn pathological examinations, gastric ulcers are often detected in South American camelids. The aetiology cannot be clarified in every case. However, tumour-related gastric ulcers are observed repeatedly. This study reports clinical, laboratory and pathological findings in six alpacas, three each with adenocarcinoma- and squamous cell carcinoma-associated gastric ulcers. Clinically they were presented with general symptoms like emaciation, anorexia and recumbency. Laboratory findings of these animals were non-specific. All animals were at least nine years old. The adenocarcinomas as well as the squamous cell carcinomas were metastasised in various organs, especially in the lymph nodes. Two adenocarcinoma-associated gastric ulcers were perforated. In summary, squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas can lead to ulcerative lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. Although neoplasms are rare overall, they should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis in the case of non-specific symptoms. In particular, older animals seem to be affected more frequently.
Residual power series scheme treatments for fractional Klein-Gordon problem arising in soliton theory
Authors: Rida Saad Z. , Arafa Anas A. M. , Hussein Hussein S. , Ameen Ismail Gad , Mostafa Marwa M. M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Klein-Gordon problem (KGP) is one of the interesting models that appear in many scientific phenomena. These models are characterized by memory effects, which provide insight into complex phenomena in the fields of physics. In this regard, we propose a new robust algorithm called the confluent Bernoulli approach with residual power series scheme (CBCA-RPSS) to give an approximate solution for the fractional nonlinear KGP. The convergence, uniqueness and error analysis of the proposed method are discussed in detail. A comparison of the numerical results obtained by CBCA-RPSS with the results obtained by some well-known algorithms is presented. Numerical simulations using base errors indicate that CBCA-RPSS is an accurate and efficient technique and thus can be used to solve linear and nonlinear fractional models in physics and engineering. All the numerical results for the studied problems were obtained through implementation codes in Matlab R2017b.