bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower eyelid xanthelasma following hyaluronic acid filler injections to the tear troughs
Authors: Liu Annie , Kollipara Ramya , Hoss Elika , Goldman Mitchel P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdverse effects from dermal fillers are uncommon. We report a case of filler‐induced xanthelasma at the bilateral infraorbital region in a 43‐year‐old woman after multiple injections of hyaluronic acid to correct tear trough depression.Material and MethodsWe report a case of a 43‐year‐old woman with a chief complaint of skin discoloration of the bilateral lower eyelids. Her history was significant for ten sessions of hyaluronic acid filler for tear trough deformity between December 2008 and May 2016. On clinical examination, she exhibited thin, soft, and yellow papules to her lower medial infraorbital hollows. A punch biopsy showed foamy histiocytes with a background of hypervascularization and focal extracellular lipid in the superficial dermis, consistent with xanthelasma.ResultsXanthelasma was treated with multiple passes of Er:YAG laser (Sciton Contour TRL) with a 4 mm spot size, fluence 7.5 J/cm2, and ablate/coagulate 50/50 at 6 Hz until clearance occurred. The perilesional skin was treated with 1–2 passes, fluence 7.5 J/cm2, ablate/coagulate 50/0 to blend in the cosmetic unit. Six‐month follow‐up showed notable improvement of all lesions.DiscussionThere is a paucity of treatments described for filler‐induced xanthelasma reaction. While broad conclusions cannot be drawn from one case, our experience indicates that complete resolution can be achieved with Er:YAG ablation. We hypothesize that this laser is an optimal treatment, as it can vaporize the lipid contents while minimizing adverse effects, such as scars and hyperpigmentation.
Reconsidering the Optionality of Raising in Japanese Exceptional‐Case‐Marking Constructions
Authors: Takahashi Masahiko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article examines two arguments for the optionality of raising in Japanese exceptional‐Case‐marking constructions and proposes that certain observations can be accounted for even if we assume that raising is obligatory. Specifically, I contend that the distributions of exceptionally Case‐markedwhnegative‐polarity items and of embedded adjuncts, both of which have been cited as evidence for the optionality of raising, can be reconciled with the obligatory‐raising analysis. I propose (i) that the distribution ofwhnegative‐polarity items obeys a condition defined in terms of Transfer domains and (ii) that A‐movement allows adjuncts to take a “free ride.” Some consequences for the licensing ofwhnegative‐polarity items and for free‐ride effects are also discussed.
Nucleoprotein‐enriched diet enhances protein synthesis pathway and satellite cell activation via ERK1/2 phosphorylation in unloaded rat muscles
Authors: Nakanishi Ryosuke , Tanaka Minoru , Maeshige Noriaki , Kondo Hiroyo , Roy Roland R. , Fujino Hidemi 
Published: April 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the nucleotides in a nucleoprotein‐enriched diet could ameliorate the unloading‐associated decrease in soleus muscle mass and fibre size.

What is the main finding and its importance?
The results indicate that the nucleotides in the nucleoprotein‐enriched diet could ameliorate the unloading‐associated decrease in type I fibre size and muscle mass, most probably owing to the activation of protein synthesis pathways and satellite cell proliferation and differentiation via ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Thus, nucleotide supplementation appears to be an effective countermeasure for muscle atrophy.

AbstractHindlimb unloading decreases both the protein synthesis pathway and satellite cell activation and results in muscle atrophy. Nucleotides are included in nucleoprotein and provide the benefits of increasing extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation. ERK1/2 phosphorylation is also important in the activation of satellite cells, especially for myoblast proliferation and stimulating protein synthesis pathways. Therefore, we hypothesized that nucleotides in the nucleoproteins would ameliorate muscle atrophy by increasing the protein synthesis pathways and satellite cell activation during hindlimb unloading in rat soleus muscle. Twenty‐four female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control rats fed a basal diet without nucleoprotein (CON), control rats fed a nucleoprotein‐enriched diet (CON+NP), hindlimb‐unloaded rats fed a basal diet (HU) or hindlimb‐unloaded rats fed a nucleoprotein‐enriched diet (HU+NP). HU for 2 weeks resulted in reductions in phosphorylation of p70S6K and rpS6, the numbers of myoblast determination protein (MyoD)‐ and myogenin‐ positive nuclei, type I muscle fibre size and muscle mass. Both CON+NP and HU+NP rats showed an increase in ERK1/2, phosphorylation of p70S6K and rpS6, and the numbers of MyoD‐ and myogenin‐positive nuclei compared with their basal diet groups. The NP diet also ameliorated the unloading‐associated decrease in type I muscle fibre size and muscle mass. The results indicate that the nucleotides in the nucleoprotein‐enriched diet could ameliorate the unloading‐associated decrease in type I fibre size and muscle mass, most probably owing to the activation of protein synthesis pathways and satellite cell proliferation and differentiation via ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Thus, nucleotide supplementation appears to be an effective countermeasure for muscle atrophy.
ACOUSTICAL STANDARDS NEWS
Authors: Blair-DeLeon Nancy A. , Struck Christopher J. 
Published: April 2021

American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developed by Accredited Standards Committees S1, S2, S3, S3/SC 1, and S12 in the areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock, bioacoustics, animal bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). In addition to these standards, ASA publishes a catalog of Acoustical American National Standards. To browse the latest copy of our catalog, visit our website at https://acousticalsociety.org/download-catalog/.
Comments are welcomed on all material in Acoustical Standards News.
This Acoustical Standards News section in JASA, as well as the National Catalog of Acoustical Standards and other information on the Standards Program of the Acoustical Society of America, are also available via the ASA Standards home page: https://acousticalsociety.org/acoustical-society-standards/.
Reliability of Alpine Ski Racing-Specific Field Test: The 80s-Slide-Test
Authors: Bottollier Valentin , Cross Matt R. , Coulmy Nicolas , Le Quellec Loïc , Prioux Jacques 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the test–retest reliability of the 80s-slide-test in well-trained alpine ski racers. Methods: The sample consisted of 8 well-trained alpine ski racers (age = 17.8 [0.7] y old; height = 1.80 [0.09] m; body mass = 72.1 [9.5] kg) who performed a lab-based maximal graded test on cycle ergometer and three 80s-slide-tests in 4 separate sessions. The 80s-slide-test consisting of maximal push-offs performed for 80s on a 8-ft slide board. Oxygen uptake () and heart rate (HR) were recorded continuously. Blood lactate ([La]b) was determined immediately prerun, followed by 3 minutes postrun. Three minutes after the completion of the session, the subjects were asked to indicate their rate of perceived exertion using Borg scale ranging from 6 to 20. Total and every 10s mean push-offs number were assessed by camera. Typical errors of measurement, intraclass correlation coefficients, and smallest worthwhile change were calculated. Results: The 80s-slide-test showed strong reliability for total push-offs number, , , HRpeak, and HRmean. Δ[La]b, fatigue index, and the rate of perceived exertion were moderately reliable. Conclusion: The 80s-slide-test is a reliable test for well-trained alpine ski racers and can be used easily by trainers.
The Relationship Between Absolute and Relative Upper-Body Strength and Handcycling Performance Capabilities
Authors: Nevin Jonpaul , Smith Paul M. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To explore the relationship between absolute and relative upper-body strength and selected measures of handcycling performance. Methods: A total of 13 trained H3/H4-classified male handcyclists (mean [SD] age 37 [11] y; body mass 76.6 [10.1] kg; peak oxygen consumption 2.8 [0.6] L·min−1; relative peak oxygen consumption 36.5 [10] mL·kg·min−1) performed a prone bench-pull and bench-press 1-repetition-maximum strength assessment, a 15-km individual time trial, a graded exercise test, and a 15-second all-out sprint test. Relationships between all variables were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Absolute strength measures displayed a large correlation with gross mechanical efficiency and maximum anaerobic power output (P = .05). However, only a small to moderate relationship was identified with all other measures. In contrast, relative strength measures demonstrated large to very large correlations with gross mechanical efficiency, 15-km time-trial velocity, maximum anaerobic power output, peak aerobic power output, power at a fixed blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol·L−1, and peak oxygen consumption (P = .05). Conclusion: Relative upper-body strength demonstrates a significant relationship with time-trial velocity and several handcycling performance measures. Relative strength is the product of one’s ability to generate maximal forces relative to body mass. Therefore, the development of one’s absolute strength combined with a reduction in body mass may influence real-world handcycling race performance.
Plasma heat shock protein response to euglycemia in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Atkin Alexander S , Moin Abu Saleh Md , Al-Qaissi Ahmed , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Atkin Stephen L , Butler Alexandra E 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionGlucose variability is associated with mortality and macrovascular diabetes complications. The mechanisms through which glucose variability mediates tissue damage are not well understood, although cellular oxidative stress is likely involved. As heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) complications and are rapidly responsive, we hypothesized that HSP-related proteins (HSPRPs) would differ in diabetes and may respond to glucose normalization.Research design and methodsA prospective, parallel study in T2D (n=23) and controls (n=23) was undertaken. T2D subjects underwent insulin-induced blood glucose normalization from baseline 7.6±0.4 mmol/L (136.8±7.2 mg/dL) to 4.5±0.07 mmol/L (81±1.2 mg/dL) for 1 hour. Control subjects were maintained at 4.9±0.1 mmol/L (88.2±1.8 mg/dL). Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamer-scan plasma protein measurement determined a panel of HSPRPs.ResultsAt baseline, E3-ubiquitin-protein ligase (carboxyl-terminus of Hsc70 interacting protein (CHIP) or HSPABP2) was lower (p=0.03) and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2G2 higher (p=0.003) in T2D versus controls. Following glucose normalization, DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 1 (DNAJB1 or HSP40) was reduced (p=0.02) in T2D, with HSP beta-1 (HSPB1) and HSP-70-1A (HSP70-1A) (p=0.07 and p=0.09, respectively) also approaching significance relative to T2D baseline levels.ConclusionsKey HSPRPs involved in critical protein interactions, CHIP and UBE2G2, were altered in diabetes at baseline. DNAJB1 fell in response to euglycemia, suggesting that HSPs are reacting to basal stress that could be mitigated by tight glucose control with reduction of glucose variability.
Crisis within a crisis, COVID-19 knowledge and awareness among the Syrian population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohsen Fatema , Bakkar Batoul , Armashi Humam , Aldaher Nizar 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTo gauge specific knowledge around clinical features, transmission pathways and prevention methods, and to identify factors associated with poor knowledge to help facilitate outbreak management in Syria during this rapid global rise of the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignWeb-based cross-sectional survey.SettingThis study was conducted in March 2020, nearly 10 years into the Syrian war crisis. The Arabic-language survey was posted on various social media platforms including WhatsApp, Telegram, Instagram and Facebook targeting various social groups.ParticipantsA total of 4495 participants completed the survey. Participants with a history of COVID-19 infection, residing outside Syria or who did not fully complete the survey were excluded from the study. The final sample of 3586 participants (completion rate=79.8%) consisted of 2444 (68.2%) females and 1142 (31.8%) males.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFirst, knowledge of COVID-19 in four areas (general knowledge; transmission pathways; signs and symptoms; prevention methods). Second, factors associated with poor knowledge.ResultsOf the 3586 participants, 2444 (68.2%) were female, 1822 (50.8%) were unemployed and 2839 (79.2%) were college educated. The study revealed good awareness regarding COVID-19 (mean 75.6%, SD ±9.4%). Multiple linear regression analysis correlated poor mean knowledge scores with male gender (β=−0.933, p=0.005), secondary school or lower education level (β=−3.782, p<0.001), non-healthcare occupation (β=−3.592, p<0.001), low economic status (β=−0.669, p<0.040) and >5 household members (β=−1.737, p<0.001).ConclusionThis study revealed some potentially troubling knowledge gaps which underscore the need for a vigorous public education campaign in Syria. This campaign must reinforce the public’s awareness, knowledge and vigilance towards precautionary measures against COVID-19, and most importantly aid in controlling the worldwide spread of the disease.
Virtual care for prostate cancer survivorship: protocol for an evaluation of a nurse-led algorithm-enhanced virtual clinic implemented at five cancer centres across Canada
Authors: Pham Quynh , Hearn Jason , Bender Jacqueline L , Berlin Alejando , Brown Ian , Bryant-Lukosius Denise , Feifer Andrew H , Finelli Antonio , Gotto Geoffrey , Hamilton Robert , Rendon Ricardo , Cafazzo Joseph A 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionProstate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in Canadian men. Current models of survivorship care are no longer adequate to address the chronic and complex survivorship needs of patients today. Virtual care models for cancer survivorship have recently been associated with comparable clinical outcomes and lower costs to traditional follow-up care, with patients favouring off-site and on-demand visits. Building on their viability, our research group conceived the Ned Clinic—a virtual PCa survivorship model that provides patients with access to lab results, collects patient-reported outcomes, alerts clinicians to emerging issues, and promotes patient self-care. Despite the promise of the Ned Clinic, the model remains limited by its dependence on oncology specialists, lack of an autonomous triage algorithm, and has only been implemented among PCa survivors living in Ontario.Methods and analysisOur programme of research comprises two main research objectives: (1) to evaluate the process and cost of implementing and sustaining five nurse-led virtual PCa survivorship clinics in three provinces across Canada and identify barriers and facilitators to implementation success and (2) to assess the impact of these virtual clinics on implementation and effectiveness outcomes of enrolled PCa survivors. The design phase will involve developing an autonomous triage algorithm and redesigning the Ned Clinic towards a nurse-led service model. Site-specific implementation plans will be developed to deploy a localised nurse-led virtual clinic at each centre. Effectiveness will be evaluated using a historical control study comparing the survivorship outcomes of 300 PCa survivors enrolled in the Ned Clinic with 300 PCa survivors receiving traditional follow-up care.Ethics and disseminationAppropriate site-specific ethics approval will be secured prior to each research phase. Knowledge translation efforts will include diffusion, dissemination, and application approaches to ensure that knowledge is translated to both academic and lay audiences.
Knowledge of patient emotional health status: impact on clinical care in glaucoma and retinal services
Authors: Naufal Fahd , Gajwani Prateek , Medina Robert , Dutson Madison , Mariotti Silvio P , West Sheila K 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveKnowledge of a patient’s emotional health status and using patient-centred communication may be key to providing early intervention and referral to appropriate treatment/support services for ophthalmology patients. This study aims to determine if and how ophthalmologists use anxiety and depression scores to determine clinical care of patients with chronic eye disease.Methods and analysisThis cross-sectional study included 10 ophthalmologists and a convenience sample of 100 of their patients (>18 years). The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) tool were administered to patients. Scores from these instruments were provided to ophthalmologists just prior to the clinic visit. After the visit, ophthalmologists were given a questionnaire to assess self-reported change in clinical practice and whether knowledge of scores impacted their communication style, treatment plan and follow-up protocol.ResultsOf these patients (mean age=63), 27% reported mild-moderate anxiety or depression as their worst score, while 2% reported suicidal thoughts; 20% reported neither anxiety nor depression. Ophthalmologists’ response to patients with mild or worse anxiety or depression was to change clinical approach (28%) and communication style (31%), both metrics increasing with severity of symptoms (Fisher’s exact p<0.05). None reported changing their choice of treatment or modifying follow-up protocols; referral to social work/psychiatry services was 60%, 3.7% and 0% for patients with moderately severe or worse, mild-to-moderate, or minimal scores, respectively.ConclusionProviding ophthalmologists with knowledge of the emotional health of their patients may change the clinical approach and referral pattern.
Intendedness of pregnancies and preconception contraceptive use in women of Swedish and non-European origins seeking emergency care in early pregnancy
Authors: Bergman Marcus , Gray Anna-Maria , Sollier Nina , Sjöstrand Markus , Kopp Kallner Helena 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionUnintended pregnancies in Europe have been estimated to constitute 43% of all pregnancies, with the proportion in Sweden being unknown. In striving for equitable healthcare, increased knowledge about unintended pregnancies among women born outside Europe is needed. We aimed to estimate the proportion of unintended pregnancies in women born in Sweden compared with women born outside Europe in an unselected population seeking gynaecological emergency care in early pregnancy. Our secondary aim was to compare contraceptive use at the time of conception in unplanned pregnancies between women born in Sweden and women born outside Europe.MethodsPregnant women seeking gynaecological emergency care in early pregnancy at a tertiary hospital were asked to fill out a questionnaire in their native language. The questionnaire contained questions from the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP) and questions regarding sociodemographic data, gynaecological health and previous contraception.ResultsOf 180 pregnancies, 66 were unintended (36.7%) according to the LMUP. Among patients born in Sweden, 49/129 (38.0%) of the pregnancies were unintended compared with 17/51 (33.3%) among patients born outside Europe (p=0.56). 86% of participants with unintended pregnancy did not use any form of contraception during the month of conception, with no difference between women born in Sweden and those born outside Europe.ConclusionsAmong women seeking gynaecological emergency care in early pregnancy, unintended pregnancies are common. Women with unintended pregnancies had low use of preconception contraceptives, which highlights a need for further interventions aimed at avoiding unintended pregnancies.
Risk stratification of adults with congenital heart disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from a multinational survey among European experts
Authors: Ruperti-Repilado Francisco Javier , Tobler Daniel , Greutmann Matthias , Bouchardy Judith , Ladouceur Magalie , Dos-Subira Laura , Gallego Pastora , Gabriel Harald , Bouma Berto , Schwerzmann Markus 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveAdults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) may be at a higher risk of a fatal outcome in case of COVID-19. Current risk stratification among these patients relies on personal experience and extrapolation from patients with acquired heart disease. We aimed to provide an expert view on risk stratification while awaiting results from observational studies.MethodsThis study was an initiative of the EPOCH (European Collaboration for Prospective Outcome Research in Congenital Heart disease). Among nine European countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland), 24 experts from 23 tertiary ACHD centres participated in the survey. ACHD experts were asked to identify ACHD-specific COVID-19 risk factors from a list of potential outcome predictors and to estimate the risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes in seven commonly seen patient scenarios.Results82% of participants did not consider all ACHD patients at risk of COVID-19 related complications. There was a consensus on pulmonary arterial hypertension, Fontan physiology and cyanotic heart disease as risk factors for adverse outcomes. Among different ACHD scenarios, a patient with Eisenmenger syndrome was considered to be at the highest risk. There was a marked variability in risk estimation among the other potential outcome predictors and ACHD scenarios.ConclusionsPulmonary arterial hypertension, Fontan palliation and cyanotic heart disease were widely considered as risk factors for poor outcome in COVID-19. However, there was a marked disparity in risk estimation for other clinical scenarios. We are in urgent need of outcome studies in ACHD suffering from COVID-19.
Quantum interference effects in Higgs boson pair-production beyond the standard model
Authors: Das Biswaranjan , Moretti Stefano , Munir Shoaib , Poulose Poulose 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNew physics frameworks like the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard Model and the Next-to-2-Higgs-doublet Model contain three neutral CP-even Higgs bosons. It is possible for the heavier two of these states to have masses identical to each other, which can result in a sizeable quantum interference between their propagators in processes they mediate. For both these models, we study the impact of such interference on the pair-production of the lightest of the three scalars, which we identify with the observed 125 GeV Higgs boson, in the gluon-fusion channel at the large hadron collider (LHC). We find that the inclusion of these effects can substantially alter the cross section, compared to its value when they are ignored, for this process. Our results illustrate the importance of taking possible quantum interference effects into account not only when investigating the phenomenology of extended Higgs sectors at the future Run(s) of the LHC, but also when imposing its current exclusion bounds on the parameter spaces of these models.