bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phamacological treatment of persistant lower urinary tract symptoms after a transurethral resection of the prostate is predictive of a new surgical treatment: 10 years follow‐up study
Authors: De Nunzio Cosimo , Franco Antonio , Lombardo Riccardo , Baldassarri Valeria , Borghesi Alessandro , Li Marzi Vincenzo , Trucchi Alberto , Agrò Enrico Finazzi , Tubaro Andrea ,   The Publications Committee of Italian Society of Urodynamics (SIUD)
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate possible risk factors of re intervention in patients with benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).Materials and MethodsA consecutive series of patients with LUTS and BPE underwent TURP in our center in 2004 and 2005 and they were then followed up to September 2016. Patients were assessed at baseline, 3‐, 6‐month postoperatively and yearly thereafter with medical history, international prostate symptom score, prostate specific antigen, maximal urinary flow rate, post void residual urine. Reoperation was defined as the requirement of a new TURP to relieve bothersome LUTS. Cox regression was used to determine covariates associated with reoperation rate and the Kaplan–Meier curve assessed the time to reoperation.ResultsOverall, 92 patients were enrolled. Median follow up was 142 months. 13 patients underwent a second TURP during the follow‐up period (reoperation rate was 14%); out of them 9/13 (69%) received medical treatment for persistent LUTS (p = .001). The need of LUTS/BPE pharmacological treatment after TURP is an independent risk factor for a second surgical procedure (odds ratio 9,3; p = .001). Out of the 13 patients treated with a re‐TURP, 12 (92%) underwent surgery within 5 years of follow‐up.ConclusionIn our single center study, the need of LUTS/BPE pharmacological treatment was a predictive factor of a re‐TURP. Considering that more than 90% of re‐TURP were performed during the first 5 years of follow‐up, it is assumable that a follow‐up longer than 5 years is not needed in these patients.
Deep Targeted Sequencing and Its Potential Implication for Cancer Therapy in Chinese Patients with Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yu Pengfei , Wang Yusheng , Yu Yanfei , Wang Aodi , Huang Ling , Zhang Yuan , Liu Wenjing , Wu Haiyan , Yao Ming , Du Yi-An , Cheng Xiangdong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Gastric cancer (GC) has a high incidence and mortality rate, especially in East Asians, and about 90% of GCs are adenocarcinomas. Histological and etiological heterogeneity and ethnic diversity make molecular subtyping of GC complicated, thus making it difficult to determine molecular division systems and standard treatment modalities. Limited cohorts from South Korea, Singapore, Australia, and Japan have been studied; however, the mutational landscape of gastric adenocarcinomas in Chinese patients is still unknown.

Methods
We performed a targeted sequencing panel focusing on cancer-related genes and tumor-associated microorganisms of 529 gastric adenocarcinoma samples with matched blood controls. We identified 449 clinically relevant gene mutations.

Results
Approximately 47.1% of Chinese patients with GC harbored at least one actionable mutation. The top somatic mutations were TP53, ARID1A, LRP1B, PIK3CA, ERBB2, CDH1, KRAS, FAT4, CCNE1, and KMT2D. Truncation mutations of ARID1A, KMT2D, RNF43, TGFBR2, and CIC occurred in patients with high tumor mutational burden. Gene amplifications of ERBB2, CCNE1, CDK12, and CCND1 were detected in patients with low tumor mutational burden. Pathway analysis revealed common gene alterations in the Wnt and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. The ratio of patients with high microsatellite instability was significantly lower than other cohorts, and high microsatellite instability and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–positive features seemed mutually inclusive in Chinese patients with GC. In 44 (8.3%) patients, 45 germline mutations were identified, among which SPINK1 mutations, all SPINK1 c.194 + 2T &gt; C, were present in 15.9% (7/44) of patients. Microorganisms found in Chinese patients with GC included Helicobacter pylori, EBV, hepatitis B virus, and human papillomavirus types 16 and 18.

Conclusion
Identification of varied molecular features by targeted next-generation sequencing provides more insight into patient stratification and offers more possibilities for both targeted therapies and immunotherapies of Chinese patients with GC.

Implications for Practice
This study investigated the genomic alteration profile of 529 Chinese patients with gastric adenocarcinoma by deep targeting sequencing, which might be the largest Chinese cohort on the genomic research of gastric adenocarcinoma up to now.
The effect of family support on student engagement: Towards the prevention of dropouts
Authors: Gil Alfonso J. , Antelm‐Lanzat Ana M. , Cacheiro‐González María L. , Pérez‐Navío Eufrasio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe literature on school dropout indicates a set of predictors of dropout. These factors are fundamentally grouped into three dimensions: behavioral, academic, and social. This study aims to analyze the relationships between of dropout. It is proposed that students' socialization abilities in the classroom affect their behavioral engagement, and that family support mediates the relationship between the student's skills and behavioral engagement. The participants in the study are 754 adolescents from Spain (age M = 15.75 years). This study uses the partial least squares method. The results show, first, a direct relationship between the student's socialization skills and, second, engagement and the mediating role of family support in the relationship between students' skills and behavioral engagement. The work proposes implications and interventions to examine the problem of school dropout.
Local sequence‐structure relationships in proteins
Authors: Škrbić Tatjana , Maritan Amos , Giacometti Achille , Banavar Jayanth R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe seek to understand the interplay between amino acid sequence and local structure in proteins. Are some amino acids unique in their ability to fit harmoniously into certain local structures? What is the role of sequence in sculpting the putative native state folds from myriad possible conformations? In order to address these questions, we represent the local structure of each Cα atom of a protein by just two angles, θ and μ, and we analyze a set of more than 4,000 protein structures from the PDB. We use a hierarchical clustering scheme to divide the 20 amino acids into six distinct groups based on their similarity to each other in fitting local structural space. We present the results of a detailed analysis of patterns of amino acid specificity in adopting local structural conformations and show that the sequence‐structure correlation is not very strong compared with a random assignment of sequence to structure. Yet, our analysis may be useful to determine an effective scoring rubric for quantifying the match of an amino acid to its putative local structure.
Protective effect of glycyrrhizin on coronary microembolization‐induced myocardial dysfunction in rats
Authors: Yuan Yonggang , Li Bing , Peng Wanzhong , Xu Zesheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCoronary microembolization (CME)‐induced inflammation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis are two key factors contributing to CME‐induced myocardial dysfunction. High‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) plays essential role in progression of CME‐induced injury and inhibition of HMGB1 has been shown to be protective. In present study, the potential effects of glycyrrhizin, a HMGB1 inhibitor, on CME‐induced myocardial dysfunction are evaluated. Using a rat model of CME, we administrated glycyrrhizin in rats prior to CME induction. The level of HMGB1, TNF‐α, iNOS, IL‐6, IL‐1β, cleaved caspase‐3, Bax, and Bcl‐2 were measured. The serum level of cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase, was detected. The cardiac function and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were evaluated. The activation of TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway was analyzed. Glycyrrhizin prevented CME‐induced production of HMGB1, TNF‐α, iNOS, IL‐6, and IL‐1β. Glycyrrhizin inhibited CME‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the expression of cleaved caspase‐3 and Bax, while enhanced the expression of Bcl‐2. Glycyrrhizin decreased cardiac troponin I and creatine kinase levels and improved cardiac function. Glycyrrhizin prevented the activation of HMGB1/TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway. Glycyrrhizin ameliorated myocardial dysfunction in CME rats by preventing inflammation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.
Reactor rate modulation oscillation analysis with two detectors in Double Chooz
Authors:   The Double Chooz collaboration, Abrahão T. , Almazan H. , dos Anjos J. C. , Appel S. , Barriere J. C. , Bekman I. , Bezerra T. J. C. , Bezrukov L. , Blucher E. , Brugière T. , Buck C. , Busenitz J. , Cabrera A. , Cerrada M. , Chauveau E. , Chimenti P. , Corpace O. , Dawson J. V. , Djurcic Z. , Etenko A. , Furuta H. , Gil-Botella I. , Givaudan A. , Gomez H. , Gonzalez L. F. G. , Goodman M. C. , Hara T. , Haser J. , Hellwig D. , Hourlier A. , Ishitsuka M. , Jochum J. , Jollet C. , Kale K. , Kaneda M. , Karakac M. , Kawasaki T. , Kemp E. , de Kerret H. , Kryn D. , Kuze M. , Lachenmaier T. , Lane C. E. , Lasserre T. , Lastoria C. , Lhuillier D. , Lima H. P. , Lindner M. , López-Castaño J. M. , LoSecco J. M. , Lubsandorzhiev B. , Maeda J. , Mariani C. , Maricic J. , Martino J. , Matsubara T. , Mention G. , Meregaglia A. , Miletic T. , Milincic R. , Minotti A. , Navas-Nicolás D. , Novella P. , Oberauer L. , Obolensky M. , Onillon A. , Oralbaev A. , Palomares C. , Pepe I. M. , Pronost G. , Reichenbacher J. , Reinhold B. , Schönert S. , Schoppmann S. , Scola L. , Sharankova R. , Sibille V. , Sinev V. , Skorokhvatov M. , Soldin P. , Stahl A. , Stancu I. , Stokes L. F. F. , Suekane F. , Sukhotin S. , Sumiyoshi T. , Sun Y. , Veyssiere C. , Viaud B. , Vivier M. , Wagner S. , Wiebusch C. , Yang G. , Yermia F. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A θ13 oscillation analysis based on the observed antineutrino rates at the Double Chooz far and near detectors for different reactor power conditions is presented. This approach provides a so far unique simultaneous determination of θ13 and the total background rates without relying on any assumptions on the specific background contributions. The analysis comprises 865 days of data collected in both detectors with at least one reactor in operation. The oscillation results are enhanced by the use of 24.06 days (12.74 days) of reactor-off data in the far (near) detector. The analysis considers the $$ {\overline{\nu}}_e $$

ν
¯

e

interactions up to a visible energy of 8.5 MeV, using the events at higher energies to build a cosmogenic background model considering fast-neutrons interactions and 9Li decays. The background-model-independent determination of the mixing angle yields sin2(2θ13) = 0.094 ± 0.017, being the best-fit total background rates fully consistent with the cosmogenic background model. A second oscillation analysis is also performed constraining the total background rates to the cosmogenic background estimates. While the central value is not significantly modified due to the consistency between the reactor-off data and the background estimates, the addition of the background model reduces the uncertainty on θ13 to 0.015. Along with the oscillation results, the normalization of the anti-neutrino rate is measured with a precision of 0.86%, reducing the 1.43% uncertainty associated to the expectation.
Does methotrexate cause progressive fibrotic interstitial lung disease? A systematic review
Authors: Dawson Julie K. , Quah Edmond , Earnshaw Ben , Amoasii Constanta , Mudawi Tareg , Spencer Lisa G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim is to evaluate the published evidence on whether methotrexate (MTX) use causes progressive fibrotic interstitial lung disease (fILD). This PRISMA-compliant systematic review has been registered electronically with PROSPERO 2018 ID CRD42018087838, Centre of review and dissemination at the University of York. A total of 29 articles met the inclusion criteria. Thirteen articles were found to support the claim that MTX causes fILD. They all had a low Downs and Black quality score (< 6/27). Their ‘risk of bias’ assessment scores indicated serious to critical risk of bias. The 16 articles rejecting the claim that MTX causes fILD were of higher quality as indicated by their Downs and Black score. Their ‘risk of bias’ assessment scores suggested only a low to moderate risk of bias. This systematic literature review supports the finding that MTX does not cause fILD in humans. Three studies suggest that MTX treatment may actually improve outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) associated fILD by slowing down ILD progression.
No secret hiding place? Absence of SARS-CoV-2 on the ocular surface of 1145 hospitalized patients in a pandemic area
Authors: Rokohl Alexander C. , Grajewski Rafael S. , Wawer Matos Philomena A. , Koch Hannah-Leah , Dewald Felix , Klein Florian , Fätkenheuer Gerd , Lehmann Clara , Cursiefen Claus , Heindl Ludwig M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aims of this study were to evaluate the isolated prevalence of real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–confirmed SARS-CoV-2 on the ocular surface without systemic infection in hospitalized asymptomatic patients and to determine the risk for ophthalmologists and medical staff to be infected by prescreened asymptomatic patients in a tertiary eye care center.

Methods
In this prospective, observational study, bilateral swaps of the conjunctiva in the lower fornices as well as nasopharyngeal swaps were collected in 1145 hospitalized asymptomatic patients of a tertiary eye care center. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was performed for each swap to evaluate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2. Demographic data and potential risk factors for an isolated infection of the ocular surface were noted.

Results
Two thousand two hundred eighty-eight (99.9%) of all 2290 tested eyes had negative results in the RT-PCR analysis of the conjunctival swabs. One patient had bilateral false-positive results in the conjunctival swabs. None of the 1145 patients had any positive RT-PCR-confirmed result in the nasopharyngeal swabs.

Conclusions
The risk for an isolated conjunctival viral activity in patients with a negative nasopharyngeal swab-based RT-PCR seems to be absent or extremely low, suggesting no need to perform additional conjunctival swabs in patients with negative nasopharyngeal swabs. Furthermore, the risk of a work-related SARS-CoV-2 infection due to direct contact with preselected asymptomatic patients in an eye care center is very low, especially when additional hygiene standards and safe distances are respected carefully. This might reassure medical staff and reduce the fear of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Antibody response in patients admitted to the hospital with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection: results from a multicenter study across Spain
Authors: Fuentes Ana , Serrano-Conde Esther , Roldán Carolina , Benito-Ruesca Rafael , Mejías Gregoria , Sampedro Antonio , March-Roselló Gabriel , Fernández-Natal Isabel , Esperalba Juliana , Rodríguez Mario José , Martínez de Aguirre Paula , Salas Carlos , Roc María Lourdes , Soria Luis Miguel , Parra-Grande Mónica , Montero María Dolores , Fernández-Roblas Ricardo , Franco-Álvarez de Luna Francisco , Lozano Carmen , García Federico 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aim
To evaluate the serological response against SARS-CoV-2 in a multicenter study representative of the Spanish COVID pandemic.

Methods
IgG and IgM + IgA responses were measured on 1466 samples from 1236 Spanish COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital, two commercial ELISA kits (Vircell SL, Spain) based on the detection of antibodies against the viral spike protein and nucleoprotein, were used.

Results
Approximately half of the patients presented antibodies (56.8% were IgM + IgA positive and 43.0% were IgG positive) as soon as 2 days after the first positive PCR result. Serological test positivity increased with time from the PCR test, and 10 days after the first PCR result, 91.5% and 88.0% of the patients presented IgM + IgA and IgG antibodies, respectively.

Conclusion
The high values of sensitivity attained in the present study from a relatively early period of time after hospitalization support the use of the evaluated serological assays as supplementary diagnostic tests for the clinical management of COVID-19.
MALINTZIN AS A CONQUISTADORA AND WARRIOR WOMAN IN THE LIENZO DE TLAXCALA (c. 1552)
Authors: ROGERS CLAUDIA J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article foregrounds a new interpretation of the Lienzo de Tlaxcala, an indigenous-authored source depicting the Tlaxcalteca's role in the conquest of Mexico, from 1519 to 1521. It analyses this document's unique visual portrayal of Malintzin, an indigenous woman who acted as Hernando Cortés's translator during the conquest, amid the battle for the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan. Challenging the traditional perception of Malintzin as a peaceful mediator, the Lienzo demonstrates that its Tlaxcalan authors saw her as a powerful warrior or conquistadora, who was intricately connected with violent acts of conquest. By contextualizing depictions of Malintzin as a warrior within the wider entanglement of female figures with violence and warfare, this article underscores indigenous perceptions of the conquest and contributes to the wider, critical deconstruction of triumphalist, Eurocentric narratives. With a particular focus on indigenous associations of Malintzin with the Virgin Mary, this article explores the significance ascribed to these two figures by the Lienzo's authors and their city.
Survival and function following pharyngo-laryngo-oesophagectomy in Wales: a twelve-year case series
Authors: Edwards D R , Pope L , Berry S 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTreatment of locally advanced hypopharyngeal cancer can cause significant morbidity and late toxicity. Pharyngo-laryngo-oesophagectomy can achieve adequate surgical margins, but data on survival and functional outcome are limited, especially in Wales. This study aimed to describe mortality, morbidity and functional outcome following pharyngo-laryngo-oesophagectomy in a Welsh population.MethodThis study was a retrospective case note review of pharyngo-laryngo-oesophagectomy cases in Wales over 12 years.ResultsFifteen patients underwent pharyngo-laryngo-oesophagectomy; all but one underwent gastric pull-up. Median survival and disease-free survival were 17 months (range, 2–53 months) and 14 months. Censored 3-month, 1-year and 3-year survival was 93, 71 and 50 per cent, respectively. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grading of long-term dysphagia was 1 in 58 per cent, 2 in 33 per cent and 3 in 8 per cent, and 87.5 per cent achieved a ‘moderate’ or ‘good’ voice rehabilitation.ConclusionThese results demonstrate favourable survival and reasonable functional outcome following pharyngo-laryngo-oesophagectomy, suggesting pharyngo-laryngo-oesophagectomy should be considered in all appropriate surgical candidates.
The Problem of Expressive Action
Authors: Bennett Christopher 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRational explanation of action out of emotion faces a number of challenges. The Wrong Explanation Challenge says that explaining action out of emotion by reference to a purpose rather than an emotion gets it wrong. The Redundancy Challenge says that if explanation of an action by reference to emotion is sufficient then rational explanation is redundant. And the No Further Justification Challenge says that there is no more to say, at the level of rational explanation, about why people act as they do out of a particular emotion. Furthermore, even if these challenges can be addressed, there is a Problem of Expressive Action, since many actions out of emotion seem unpromising candidates for being guided by normative practical reasons of the prudential, instrumental, deontic or consequentialist sort. In response, I argue that many actions out of emotions should be understood as expressive actions guided by the agent's conception of normative practical reasons: specifically, their conception of expressive reasons.
Comparative characterisation of human and ovine non-aureus staphylococci isolated in Sardinia (Italy) for antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and resistance genes
Authors: Longheu C. M. , Azara E. , Attene S. , Sanna S. , Sale M. , Addis M. F. , Tola S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present the comparative characterisation of 195 non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) isolates obtained from sheep (n = 125) and humans (n = 70) in Sardinia, Italy, identified at the species level by gap gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with AluI. Isolates were tested phenotypically with a disc diffusion method and genotypically by PCR, for resistance to 11 antimicrobial agents including cationic antiseptic agents. Among the ovine isolates, Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 57), S. chromogenes (n = 29), S. haemolyticus (n = 17), S. simulans (n = 8) and S. caprae (n = 6) were the most prevalent species, while among human isolates, S. haemolyticus (n = 28) and S. epidermidis (n = 26) were predominant, followed by S. lugdunensis and S. hominis (n = 4). Of the 125 ovine isolates, 79 (63.2%) did not carry any of the resistance genes tested, while the remainder carried resistance genes for at least one antibiotic. The highest resistance rates among ovine isolates were recorded against tetracycline (20.8%), and penicillin (15.2%); none was resistant to methicillin and two exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR); one of which was positive for the antiseptic resistance smr gene. By contrast, most human isolates (59/70, 84.3%) were resistant to ⩾1 antimicrobials, and 41 (58.6%) were MDR. All 52 (74.3%) penicillin-resistant isolates possessed the blaZ gene, and 33 of 70 (47.1%) harboured the mec gene; of these, seven were characterised by the Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette (SCCmec) type IV, 6 the type V, 5 of type III and one representative each of type I and type II. The majority (57.1%) was erythromycin-resistant and 17 isolates carried only the efflux msrA gene, 11 the methylase ermC gene and an equal number harboured both of the latter genes. Moreover, 23 (32.8%) were tetracycline-resistant and all but one possessed only the efflux tetK gene. qacA/B and smr genes were detected in 27 (38.6%) and 18 (25.7%) human NAS, respectively. These results underline a marked difference in species distribution and antimicrobial resistance between ovine and human-derived NAS.
Multiwavelength surveys for Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Brandt William Nielsen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMost of what we know about active galactic nuclei (AGNs) has been driven, or at least strongly shaped, by our methods for finding them, and multiwavelength AGN surveys have achieved remarkable successes in recent decades. I will present a broad, and thus necessarily shallow, review of such multiwavelength AGN surveys. I will first present some brief introductory points on, e.g., general survey approaches, AGN luminosities, host galaxies, and anisotropic emission/obscuration. I will then review many of the key current surveys and their results, separating these into ground-based and space-based surveys. Finally, I will discuss some future prospects including essential remaining questions and “discovery space” considerations.