bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Existence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on ambient particulate matter samples: A nationwide study in Turkey
Authors: Kayalar Özgecan , Arı Akif , Babuççu Gizem , Konyalılar Nur , Doğan Özlem , Can Füsun , Şahin Ülkü A. , Gaga Eftade O. , Kuzu S. Levent , Arı Pelin E. , Odabası Mustafa , Taşdemir Yücel , Cindoruk S.Sıddık , Esen Fatma , Sakın Egemen , Çalışkan Burak , Tecer Lokman H. , Fıçıcı Merve , Altın Ahmet , Onat Burcu , Ayvaz Coşkun , Uzun Burcu , Saral Arslan , Döğeroğlu Tuncay , Malkoç Semra , Üzmez Özlem Ö. , Kunt Fatma , Aydın Senar , Kara Melik , Yaman Barış , Doğan Güray , Olgun Bihter , Dokumacı Ebru N. , Güllü Gülen , Uzunpınar Elif S. , Bayram Hasan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and has been affecting the world since the end of 2019. Turkey is severely affected with the first case being reported on March 11th 2020. Ambient particulate matter (PM) samples in various size ranges were collected from 13 sites including urban and urban background locations and hospital gardens in 10 cities across Turkey between the 13th of May and the 14th of June, 2020 to investigate a possible presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on ambient PM. A total of 155 daily samples (TSP, n=80; PM2.5, n=33; PM2.5-10, n=23; PM10, n=19; and 6 size segregated, n=48) were collected using various samplers in each city. The N1 gene and RdRP gene expressions were analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 as suggested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). According to RT-PCR and 3D-RT-PCR analysis, dual RdRP and N1 gene positivity were detected in 20 (9.8 %) of the samples. The highest percentage of virus detection on PM samples was from hospital gardens in Tekirdağ, Zonguldak, and İstanbul—especially in PM2.5 mode. Samples collected from two urban sites were also positive. Findings of this study have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 may be transported by ambient particles especially at sites close to the infection hot-spots. However, whether this has an impact on the spread of the virus infection remains to be determined.Significance StatementAlthough there are several studies reporting the existence of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor aerosols is established, it remains unclear whether the virus is transported by ambient atmospheric particles. The presence of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA in ambient particles collected from characteristic sites within various size ranges was investigated, and positive results were found in urban sites especially around Turkish hospitals. In this context, this study offers a new discussion on the transmission of the virus via ambient particles.
A Novel Swine Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Using Clinically-Relevant Injury Exposures
Authors: Tiba Mohamad Hakam , McCracken Brendan M. , Leander Danielle C. , Colmenero Carmen I. , Nemzek Jean A. , Sjoding Michael W. , Konopka Kristine E. , Flott Thomas L. , VanEpps J. Scott , Daniels Rodney , Ward Kevin R. , Stringer Kathleen A. , Dickson Robert P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo date, existing animal models of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have failed to translate preclinical discoveries into effective pharmacotherapy or diagnostic biomarkers. To address this translational gap, we developed a high-fidelity swine model of ARDS utilizing clinically-relevant lung injury exposures. Fourteen male swine were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and surgically instrumented for hemodynamic monitoring, blood, and tissue sampling. Animals were allocated to one of three groups: 1)Indirect lung injury only: animals were inoculated by direct injection ofE. coliinto the kidney parenchyma, provoking systemic inflammation and distributive shock physiology; 2)Direct lung injury only: animals received volutrauma, hyperoxia, and bronchoscope-delivered gastric particles; 3)Combined indirect and direct lung injury:animals were administered both above-described indirect and direct lung injury exposures. Animals were monitored for up to 12 hours, with serial collection of physiologic data, blood samples, and radiographic imaging. Lung tissue was acquired post-mortem for pathological examination. In contrast toindirect lung injury onlyanddirect lung injury onlygroups, animals in thecombined indirect and direct lung injurygroup exhibited all of the physiological, radiographic, and histopathologic hallmarks of human ARDS: impaired gas exchange (mean PaO2/FiO2ratio 124.8 ± 63.8), diffuse bilateral opacities on chest radiographs, and extensive pathologic evidence of diffuse alveolar damage. Our novel porcine model of ARDS, built on clinically-relevant lung injury exposures, faithfully recapitulates the physiologic, radiographic, and histopathologic features of human ARDS, and fills a crucial gap in the translational study of human lung injury.
Comprehensive stratum corneum ceramide profiling reveals reduced acylceramides in ichthyosis patient with CERS3 mutations
Authors: Yamamoto Moe , Sassa Takayuki , Kyono Yuki , Uemura Hiroyasu , Kugo Masaaki , Hayashi Hideki , Imai Yasutomo , Yamanishi Kiyofumi , Kihara Akio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe stratum corneum (SC) of the epidermis acts as a skin permeability barrier, and abnormalities in SC formation lead to several skin disorders. Lipids, especially the epidermis‐specific ceramide classes ω‐O‐acylceramides (acylceramides) and protein‐bound ceramides, are essential for skin barrier formation. Ceramide synthase 3 (CERS3) is involved in the synthesis of acylceramides and protein‐bound ceramides, and CERS3 mutations cause autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. In the present study, we measured ceramide synthase activity and performed comprehensive SC ceramide profiling in an ichthyosis patient with compound heterozygous CERS3 mutations: nonsense mutation p.Arg75* and missense mutation p.Arg229His. The activity of p.Arg75* and p.Arg229His mutant CERS3 proteins was reduced to 4% and 56%, respectively, of the wild‐type protein. In the patient’s SC, acylceramide levels were greatly reduced, but the levels of protein‐bound ceramides remained almost unchanged. Non‐acylated ceramide levels were also affected in the patient; in particular, the levels of ceramides composed of sphingosine and non‐hydroxy or α‐hydroxy fatty acid were substantially higher than in healthy controls. These results suggest that a reduction in acylceramide levels alone leads to ichthyosis. Although protein‐bound ceramides are synthesized from acylceramides, levels of acylceramides and protein‐bound ceramides are not necessarily correlated.
Does Voice Benefit or Harm Occupational Well‐Being? The Role of Job Insecurity
Authors: Röllmann Laura Frederike , Weiss Mona , Zacher Hannes 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough employee voice is integral for organizational functioning, it is not well understood how voice affects occupational well‐being, particularly when jobs are perceived as insecure. Drawing from the dual‐pathway model of proactivity, which is based on self‐determination and conservation of resources theories, we integrate theorizing on the well‐being consequences of voice with the job insecurity literature. First, we hypothesize that voice leads to increases in both vigour and fatigue. Second, we propose that job insecurity moderates these effects, such that the effect of voice on increases in vigour is stronger (weaker) when job insecurity is low (high), whereas the effect of voice on increases in fatigue is stronger (weaker) when job insecurity is high (low). Seven hundred and thirty three full‐time employees in Germany participated in two surveys, three months apart. Results largely supported our predictions and showed that voice led to increases in vigour. Moreover, voice predicted increases (decreases) in fatigue when job insecurity was high (low). However, voice and job insecurity did not interact in predicting changes in vigour. Reverse causal analyses showed no effects of vigour and fatigue on changes in voice. Our discussion focuses on why and how perceptions of employment relations should be considered to determine well‐being consequences of voice.
Radiological perspective of COVID‐19 pneumonia: The early features and progressive behaviour on high‐resolution CT
Authors: Tsujikawa Tetsuya , Umeda Yukihiro , Itoh Harumi , Sakai Toyohiko , Iwasaki Hiromichi , Okazawa Hidehiko , Ishizuka Tamotsu , Kimura Hirohiko 
Published: January 2021

SummarySince the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in China, many researchers have reported the chest CT manifestations of COVID‐19 pneumonia. High‐resolution CT (HRCT) of the lung can provide important clues to understand the progressive behaviour of COVID‐19 pneumonia. This pictorial essay discusses the early features and potential progressive behaviour of COVID‐19 on HRCT of the lung.
Emergency physician stressors, concerns, and behavioral changes during COVID‐19: A longitudinal study
Authors: Baumann Brigitte M. , Cooper Richelle J. , Medak Anthony J. , Lim Stephen , Chinnock Brian , Frazier Remi , Roberts Brian W. , Epel Elissa S. , Rodriguez Robert M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to provide a longitudinal assessment of anxiety levels and work and home concerns of U.S. emergency physicians during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsWe performed a longitudinal, cross‐sectional email survey of clinically active emergency physicians (attending, fellow, and resident) at seven academic emergency departments. Follow‐up surveys were sent 4 to 6 weeks after the initial survey and assessed the following: COVID‐19 patient exposure, availability of COVID‐19 testing, levels of home and workplace anxiety/stress, changes in behaviors, and performance on a primary care posttraumatic stress disorder screen (PC‐PTSD‐5). Logistic regression explored factors associated with a high PC‐PTSD‐5 scale score (≥3), indicating increased risk for PTSD.ResultsOf the 426 surveyed initial respondents, 262 (61.5%) completed the follow‐up survey. While 97.3% (255/262) reported treating suspected COVID‐19 patients, most physicians (162/262, 61.8%) had not received testing themselves. In follow‐up, respondents were most concerned about the relaxing of social distancing leading to a second wave (median score = 6, IQR = 4–7). Physicians reported a consistently high ability to order COVID‐19 tests for patients (median score = 6, IQR = 5–7) and access to personal protective equipment (median score = 6, IQR = 5–6). Women physicians were more likely to score ≥ 3 than men on the PC‐PTSD‐5 screener on the initial survey (43.3% vs. 22.5%; Δ 20.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.3% to 31.5%), and despite decreases in overall proportions, this discrepancy remained in follow‐up (34.7% vs. 16.8%; Δ 17.9%, 95% CI = 7.1% to 28.1%). In examining the relationship between demographics, living situations, and institution location on having a PC‐PTSD‐5 score ≥ 3, only female sex was associated with a PC‐PTSD‐5 score ≥ 3 (adjusted odds ratio = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.28 to 4.79).ConclusionsWhile exposure to suspected COVID‐19 patients was nearly universal, stress levels in emergency physicians decreased with time. At both initial and follow‐up assessments, women were more likely to test positive on the PC‐PTSD‐5 screener compared to men.
Colectomy rates for ulcerative colitis in England 2003‐2016
Authors: Worley Guy , Almoudaris Alex , Bassett Paul , Segal Jonathan , Akbar Ayesha , Ghosh Subrata , Aylin Paul , Faiz Omar 
Published: January 2021

SummaryBackgroundTemporal trends in colectomy rate for ulcerative colitis (UC) are particularly relevant in the current era of published IBD standards and changing approach to salvage of acute severe disease.AimsTo investigate temporal trends in colectomy for UC using English population data.MethodsThe Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) were interrogated between 2003‐2016 with two patient groups investigated independently. An ‘emergency’ cohort: emergency UC admission ≥ three days, age ≥18 and a ‘total population’ cohort: all English patients undergoing colectomy for UC. Mixed methods analyses were utilised.ResultsEmergency cohort: 37 981 patients, 49% female, median age 46. The one‐ and three‐year incidence of colectomy after acute admission was 0.17 and 0.21. Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis suggested reductions in colectomy rate of 4% per year after 2008 at 30 and 90 days following emergency admission, with no significant reduction ≥1 year. Mortality and laparoscopy rates improved when avoiding colectomy at index and emergency admissions; however, the proportion of emergency colectomies after salvage at index admission significantly increased during the study period. Total population cohort: 17 580 patients underwent colectomy for UC between 2003 and 2016, demonstrating a 3.1% annual reduction in total and elective colectomies after 2008, but no reduction in emergency colectomies.ConclusionReductions in short‐term colectomy rates after emergency admission for UC do not persist beyond one year. Emergency colectomy rates remain unchanged. Reduced rates are probably due to multi‐modal improvements in IBD care. A lack of data regarding disease severity precludes further interpretation of appropriate medical salvage and timely surgery.
SGIP1 is involved in regulation of emotionality, mood, and nociception and modulates in vivo signalling of cannabinoid CB1 receptors
Authors: Dvorakova Michaela , Kubik‐Zahorodna Agnieszka , Straiker Alex , Sedlacek Radislav , Hajkova Alena , Mackie Ken , Blahos Jaroslav 
Published: January 2021

Background and PurposeSrc homology 3‐domain growth factor receptor‐bound 2‐like endophilin interacting protein 1 (SGIP1) interacts with cannabinoid CB1 receptors. SGIP1 is abundantly and principally expressed within the nervous system. SGIP1 and CB1 receptors co‐localize in axons and presynaptic boutons. SGIP1 interferes with the internalization of activated CB1 receptors in transfected heterologous cells. Consequently, the transient association of CB1 receptors with β‐arrestin2 is enhanced and prolonged, and CB1 receptor‐mediated ERK1/2 signalling is decreased. Because of these actions, SGIP1 may modulate affect, anxiety, pain processing, and other physiological processes controlled by the endocannabinoid system (ECS).Experimental ApproachUsing a battery of behavioural tests, we investigated the consequences of SGIP1 deletion in tasks regulated by the ECS in SGIP1 constitutive knockout (SGIP1−/−) mice.Key ResultsIn SGIP1−/− mice, sensorimotor gating, exploratory levels, and working memory are unaltered. SGIP1−/− mice have decreased anxiety‐like behaviours. Fear extinction to tone is facilitated in SGIP1−/− females. Several cannabinoid tetrad behaviours are altered in the absence of SGIP1. SGIP1−/− males exhibit abnormal behaviours on Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol withdrawal. SGIP1 deletion also reduces acute nociception, and SGIP1−/− mice are more sensitive to analgesics.Conclusion and ImplicationsSGIP1 was detected as a novel protein associated with CB1 receptors, and profoundly modified CB1 receptor signalling. Genetic deletion of SGIP1 particularly affected behavioural tests of mood‐related assessment and the cannabinoid tetrad. SGIP1−/− mice exhibit decreased nociception and augmented responses to CB1 receptor agonists and morphine. These in vivo findings suggest that SGIP1 is a novel modulator of CB1 receptor‐mediated behaviour.
Age‐related differences in morbidity and mortality after surgery for primary clinical T4 and locally recurrent rectal cancer
Authors: Ketelaers S. H. J. , Voogt E. L. K. , Simkens G. A. , Bloemen J. G. , Nieuwenhuijzen G. A. P. , de Hingh I. H. J. , Rutten H. J. T. , Burger J. W. A. , Orsini R. G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimOutcomes in elderly patients (≥75 years) with non‐advanced colorectal cancer have improved. It is unclear whether this is also true for elderly patients with clinical T4 rectal cancer (cT4RC) or locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC). We aimed to compare age‐related differences in morbidity and mortality after curative treatment for cT4RC and LRRC.MethodsAll cT4RC and LRRC patients without distant metastasis who underwent curative surgery between 2005 and 2017 in the Catharina Hospital (Eindhoven, The Netherlands) were included. Morbidity and mortality were evaluated based on age (<75 and ≥75 years) and date of surgery (2005–2011 and 2012–2017).ResultsOverall, 72 of 474 (15.2%) cT4RC and 53 of 293 (18.1%) LRRC patients were ≥75 years. No significant differences in the incidence of Clavien–Dindo I–IV complications were observed between age groups. However, in elderly cT4RC patients, cerebrovascular accidents occurred more frequently (4.2% vs. 0.5%, P = 0.03). Between 2005–2011 and 2012–2017, 30‐day mortality improved from 7.5% to 3.1% and from 10.0% to 0.0% in elderly cT4RC and LRRC patients, respectively. The 1‐year mortality during 2012–2017 was worse in elderly than in younger patients (28.1% vs. 6.2%, P = 0.001 for cT4RC and 27.3% vs. 13.8%, P = 0.06 for LRRC). In elderly cT4RC and LRRC patients, 44.4% and 46.2% died due to non‐cancer‐related causes, while only 27.8% and 23.1% died due to disease recurrence, respectively.ConclusionAlthough the 30‐day mortality in elderly cT4RC and LRRC patients improved after curative treatment, the 1‐year mortality in elderly patients continued to be high, which requires more awareness for the elderly after hospitalization.
Medikamenten‐induzierte Photosensibilität: auslösende Medikamente, mögliche Mechanismen und klinische Folgen
Authors: Hofmann Georg Amun , Weber Benedikt 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungMedikamenten‐induzierte Photosensibilität, also phototoxische oder photoallergische Reaktionen durch Pharmazeutika und nachfolgende Exposition gegenüber ultraviolettem oder sichtbarem Licht, ist eine unerwünschte Wirkung, die zunehmend an Interesse gewinnt. Dies zeigt sich am breiten Spektrum aktueller Untersuchungen, die von molekularen Mechanismen und auslösenden Medikamenten über Epidemiologie und Aspekten der öffentlichen Gesundheit bis hin zur langfristigen lichtbedingten Hautalterung und möglichen photokanzerogenen Folgen reichen. Die vorliegende Übersicht fasst den derzeitigen Kenntnisstand mit dem Schwerpunkt auf auslösenden Medikamenten und Langzeitfolgen zusammen. Insgesamt wurde bei 393 verschiedenen Medikamenten oder Inhaltsstoffen ein Potenzial zur Photosensibilisierung beschrieben. Allerdings unterscheiden sich bei diesen Wirkstoffen die Evidenzstufen hinsichtlich der Auslösung von Photosensibilität erheblich. Die betreffenden Pharmazeutika gehören vielen Medikamentenklassen an. Wegen mangelhafter Erfassung und geografischer Unterschiede ist die epidemiologische Bewertung des Risikos durch Photosensibilisatoren schwierig. Dennoch ist aufgrund der breiten Anwendung photosensibilisierender Medikamente in Kombination mit der potenziell photokanzerogenen Wirkung einiger Wirkstoffe von einer bedeutenden Auswirkung auf Gesundheit und Sicherheit auszugehen. Demzufolge ergibt sich ein hoher Bedarf an weiteren Untersuchungen zu den Langzeitfolgen.
A hypothesis for the role of axon demyelination in seizure generation
Authors: de Curtis Marco , Garbelli Rita , Uva Laura 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLoss of myelin and altered oligodendrocyte distribution in the cerebral cortex are commonly observed both in postsurgical tissue derived from different focal epilepsies (such as focal cortical dysplasias and tuberous sclerosis) and in animal models of focal epilepsy. Moreover, seizures are a frequent symptom in demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, and in animal models of demyelination and oligodendrocyte dysfunction. Finally, the excessive activity reported in demyelinated axons may promote hyperexcitability. We hypothesize that the extracellular potassium rise generated during epileptiform activity may be amplified by the presence of axons without appropriate myelin coating and by alterations in oligodendrocyte function. This process could facilitate the triggering of recurrent spontaneous seizures in areas of altered myelination and could result in further demyelination, thus promoting epileptogenesis.
Flow in computer‐mediated environments: A systematic literature review
Authors: Valinatajbahnamiri Mona , Siahtiri Vida 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFlow has been regarded as an important phenomenon for understanding and delivering compelling experiences to consumers when using computer‐mediated services. Despite the importance of flow in the delivery of computer‐mediated services in computer‐mediated environments, little attention has been devoted to evaluating the status of research and consolidating the findings in the literature. As there is an ongoing debate, concerning the nature of flow, its structure, antecedents and consequences in computer‐mediated environments, the need to understand the literature on flow in these environments becomes more relevant. This study synthesizes the flow literature in computer‐mediated environments by systematically reviewing 137 peer‐reviewed journal articles published across 23 years. We showcase the current state of flow literature and provide (a) general knowledge, (b) methodological and (c) research model structural information of published studies (structure, antecedents and consequences of flow). The review concludes with identification of current gaps, future research directions and their managerial implications in computer‐mediated environments.
Predictive factors of anxiety and depression among nurses fighting coronavirus disease 2019 in China
Authors: Pang Yongli , Fang Hengying , Li Lili , Chen Minhua , Chen Yuanli , Chen Miaoxia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAnxiety and depression are common mental illnesses among nurses fighting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, the precise factors that affect anxiety and depression in this population require further evaluation. This study aimed to explore factors associated with anxiety and depression among nurses fighting COVID‐19 in China. We used convenience sampling to recruit 282 nurses fighting COVID‐19 in three hospitals. Participants were questioned about demographic characteristics, daily working time, daily sleep duration, sleep quality, anxiety, depression, resilience, and coping styles. Linear regression analysis indicated that resilience (β = −0.217, P < 0.001), positive coping style (β = −0.281, P < 0.001), negative coping style (β = 0.395, P < 0.001), and sleep quality (β = 0.153, P = 0.010) were predictive factors for anxiety, and the model explained 44.20% (P < 0.001) of variability. Resilience (β = −0.239, P < 0.001), positive coping style (β = −0.222, P < 0.001), negative coping style (β = 0.152, P < 0.001), and sleep quality (β = 0.104, P = 0.003) were identified as explanatory factors for depression, and the model explained 34.50% (P < 0.001) of variability. The present study suggested that resilience, coping styles, and sleep quality could account for an individual’s levels of anxiety and depression.