bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration using a puncture needle with a side trap
Authors: Miyazaki Kazuhito , Hirasawa Yuya , Aga Masaharu , Aiko Naoto , Hamakawa Yusuke , Taniguchi Yuri , Misumi Yuki , Agemi Yoko , Shimokawa Tsuneo , Hayashi Hiroyuki , Naoki Katsuhiko , Okamoto Hiroaki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEndobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is useful for diagnosing hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement; however, specimens obtained are often small and inadequate for pathologic diagnosis. In June 2017, EchoTip ProCore, a puncture needle with a side trap, was launched in Japan. In this single-center prospective interventional study, 57 patients with lymph nodes, intrapulmonary tumor or pleural mass were diagnosed using EBUS-TBNA with EchoTip ProCore between June 2017 and February 2020. EBUS-TBNA was performed for 57 patients and 53 patients had sufficient specimen for histologic diagnosis. The following pathologic subtypes were diagnosed: non-small cell lung cancer, 22; small cell lung cancer, 8; cancer of unknown primary, 2; neuroendocrine tumor (G2) recurrence, 1; lymphoma, 2; metastatic renal cell carcinoma, 3; thymoma recurrence, 1; sarcoidosis, 4; tuberculosis, 1; and non-malignancy, 9. In addition, the cytology showed Class V in 31 out of 57 cases (54.4%). In total, a definitive pathological diagnosis was obtained in 50 out of 57 cases (87.7%). The only complication was pneumonia caused by BAL simultaneously combined with EBUS-TBNA in one patient. Among 13 patients with inadequate specimens or without malignancy, only one patient was subsequently diagnosed with malignancy, and the median follow-up period was 300 days. EBUS-TBNA using EchoTip ProCore can obtain a sufficient specimen size for pathologic diagnosis.
Genome-wide association studies of grain quality traits in maize
Authors: Zheng Yunxiao , Yuan Fan , Huang Yaqun , Zhao Yongfeng , Jia Xiaoyan , Zhu Liying , Guo Jinjie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh quality is the main goal of today’s maize breeding and the investigation of grain quality traits would help to breed high-quality varieties in maize. In this study, genome-wide association studies in a set of 248 diverse inbred lines were performed with 83,057 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and five grain quality traits were investigated in diverse environments for two years. The results showed that maize inbred lines showed substantial natural variations of grain quality and these traits showed high broad-sense heritability. A total of 49 SNPs were found to be significantly associated with grain quality traits. Among these SNPs, four co-localized sites were commonly detected by multiple traits. The candidate genes which were searched for can be classified into 11 biological processes, 13 cellular components, and 6 molecular functions. Finally, we found 29 grain quality-related genes. These genes and the SNPs identified in the study would offer essential information for high-quality varieties breeding programs in maize.
Impact of intrauterine fetal resuscitation with oxygen on oxidative stress in the developing rat brain
Authors: Jiang Jia , Giri Tusar , Raghuraman Nandini , Cahill Alison G. , Palanisamy Arvind 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUse of maternal oxygen for intrauterine resuscitation is contentious because of the lack of evidence for its efficacy and the possibility of fetal harm through oxidative stress. Because the developing brain is rich in lipids and low in antioxidants, it remains vulnerable to oxidative stress. Here, we tested this hypothesis in a term pregnant rat model with oxytocin-induced fetal distress followed by treatment with either room air or 100% oxygen for 6 h. Fetal brains from both sexes were subjected to assays for biomarkers of oxidative stress (4-hydroxynonenal, protein carbonyl, or 8-hydroxy-2ʹ-deoxyguanosine), expression of genes mediating oxidative stress, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Contrary to our hypothesis, maternal hyperoxia was not associated with increased biomarkers of oxidative stress in the fetal brain. However, there was significant upregulation of the expression of select genes mediating oxidative stress, of which some were male-specific. These observations, however, were not accompanied by changes in the expression of proteins from the mitochondrial electron transport chain. In summary, maternal hyperoxia in the setting of acute uteroplacental ischemia-hypoxia does not appear to cause oxidative damage to the developing brain.
Knockout of immunotherapy prognostic marker genes eliminates the effect of the anti-PD-1 treatment
Authors: Yang Naixue , Ji Fansen , Cheng Liqing , Lu Jingzhe , Sun Xiaofeng , Lin Xin , Lan Xun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe efficacy of immunotherapy is largely patient-specific due to heterogeneity in tumors. Combining statistic power from a variety of immunotherapies across cancer types, we found four biological pathways significantly correlated with patient survival following immunotherapy. The expression of immunotherapy prognostic marker genes (IPMGs) in these pathways can predict the patient survival with high accuracy not only in the TCGA cohort (89.36%) but also in two other independent cohorts (80.91%), highlighting that the activity of the IPMGs can reflect the sensitivity of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to immunotherapies. Using mouse models, we show that knockout of one of the IPMGs, MALT1, which is critical for the T-cell receptor signaling, can eliminate the antitumor effect of anti-PD-1 treatment completely by impairing the activation of CD8+ T cells. Notably, knockout of another IPMG, CLEC4D, a C-type lectin receptor that expressed on myeloid cells, also reduced the effect of anti-PD-1 treatment potentially through maintaining the immunosuppressive effects of myeloid cells. Our results suggest that priming TIME via activating the IPMGs may increase the response rate and the effect of immune checkpoint blockers.
Leadership – not followership – determines performance in ant teams
Authors: Richardson Thomas O. , Coti Andrea , Stroeymeyt Nathalie , Keller Laurent 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEconomic theory predicts that organisations achieve higher levels of productivity when tasks are divided among different subsets of workers. This prediction is based upon the expectation that individuals should perform best when they specialise upon a few tasks. However, in colonies of social insects evidence for a causal link between division of labour and performance is equivocal. To address this issue, we performed a targeted worker removal experiment to disrupt the normal allocation of workers to a cooperative team task – tandem running. During a tandem run a knowledgeable leader communicates the location of a new nest to a follower by physically guiding her there. The targeted removal of prominent leaders significantly reduced tandem performance, whereas removal of prominent followers had no effect. Furthermore, analyses of the experience of both participants in each tandem run revealed that tandem performance was influenced primarily by how consistently the leader acted as a leader when the need arose, but not by the consistency of the follower. Our study shows that performance in ant teams depends largely on whether or not a key role is filled by an experienced individual, and suggests that in animal teams, not all roles are equally important.
N-Alkyl nitrones as substrates for access to N-aryl isoxazolidines via a catalyst-free one-pot three-component reaction with nitroso compounds and olefins
Authors: Zhai Pingan , Li Wenhui , Lin Jianying , Huang Shuangping , Gao Wenchao , Li Xing 
Published: May 2021

N-Alkyl nitrones are used as starting materials to construct N-aryl isoxazolidines, instead of N-alkyl isoxazolidines or N–H 1,3-oxazinanes via a catalyst-free one-pot three-component reaction with nitrosoarenes and olefins.
The Design-Build-Test-Learn cycle for metabolic engineering of Streptomycetes
Authors: Whitford Christopher M. , Cruz-Morales Pablo , Keasling Jay D. , Weber Tilmann 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStreptomycetes are producers of a wide range of specialized metabolites of great medicinal and industrial importance, such as antibiotics, antifungals, or pesticides. Having been the drivers of the golden age of antibiotics in the 1950s and 1960s, technological advancements over the last two decades have revealed that very little of their biosynthetic potential has been exploited so far. Given the great need for new antibiotics due to the emerging antimicrobial resistance crisis, as well as the urgent need for sustainable biobased production of complex molecules, there is a great renewed interest in exploring and engineering the biosynthetic potential of streptomycetes. Here, we describe the Design-Build-Test-Learn (DBTL) cycle for metabolic engineering experiments in streptomycetes and how it can be used for the discovery and production of novel specialized metabolites.
Established tools and emerging trends for the production of recombinant proteins and metabolites in Pichia pastoris
Authors: De Sonakshi , Mattanovich Diethard , Ferrer Pau , Gasser Brigitte 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Besides bakers’ yeast, the methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii (also known as Pichia pastoris) has been developed into the most popular yeast cell factory for the production of heterologous proteins. Strong promoters, stable genetic constructs and a growing collection of freely available strains, tools and protocols have boosted this development equally as thorough genetic and cell biological characterization. This review provides an overview of state-of-the-art tools and techniques for working with P. pastoris, as well as guidelines for the production of recombinant proteins with a focus on small-scale production for biochemical studies and protein characterization. The growing applications of P. pastoris for in vivo biotransformation and metabolic pathway engineering for the production of bulk and specialty chemicals are highlighted as well.
Escherichia coli as a platform microbial host for systems metabolic engineering
Authors: Yang Dongsoo , Prabowo Cindy Pricilia Surya , Eun Hyunmin , Park Seon Young , Cho In Jin , Jiao Song , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Bio-based production of industrially important chemicals and materials from non-edible and renewable biomass has become increasingly important to resolve the urgent worldwide issues including climate change. Also, bio-based production, instead of chemical synthesis, of food ingredients and natural products has gained ever increasing interest for health benefits. Systems metabolic engineering allows more efficient development of microbial cell factories capable of sustainable, green, and human-friendly production of diverse chemicals and materials. Escherichia coli is unarguably the most widely employed host strain for the bio-based production of chemicals and materials. In the present paper, we review the tools and strategies employed for systems metabolic engineering of E. coli. Next, representative examples and strategies for the production of chemicals including biofuels, bulk and specialty chemicals, and natural products are discussed, followed by discussion on materials including polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), proteins, and nanomaterials. Lastly, future perspectives and challenges remaining for systems metabolic engineering of E. coli are discussed.
Cognitive radio based efficient video multicast in TV white space
Authors: Liu Cong , Fei Wei , Hu Sheng , Wu Minghu , Liu Meng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe wireless video multicast in TV White Space (TVWS) is a challenging task due to the characteristics of the wireless channels and the video streaming. This paper studies the optimized real‐time video multicast in TVWS, and proposes a practical and bandwidth‐efficient TVWS video multicast framework. First, a TVWS‐based efficient quasi‐static spectrum access scheme is employed to reduce the spectrum switch delay. Second, a cross‐layer optimized resource scheduling scheme is proposed to further improve the multicast performance, which considers various cross‐layer design factors, including scalable video coding, adaptive modulation‐coding, to maximize the overall received video quality. Finally, the proposed resource scheduling problem is formulated as a mixed‐integer non‐linear programming problem. Considering that the video streaming is delay‐sensitive, the problem is addressed with a proposed sub‐optimal but computational efficient algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme.
Enhanced contribution of photovoltaic power systems to frequency control in future power systems
Authors: Seidel Julia , Rauscher Florian , Engel Bernd 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn contemporary grid infrastructure, grid frequency is still predominantly controlled by conventional power plants. However, the increasing installed power of distributed energy resources and the declining amount of synchronous generators will necessitate major participation of wind farms as well as photovoltaic systems in frequency control. From a technical point of view, PV inverters are able to provide not only manual but also automatic frequency restoration reserves as well as frequency containment reserves. However, market and regulatory conditions are not designed for them to participate yet. As power electronic‐based systems, photovoltaic inverters are able to react even faster to frequency deviations than conventional power plants. This characteristic is leveraged to analyse the contribution of photovoltaic systems to stabilise the grid frequency. Therefore, a new control reserve product, called fast frequency containment reserves is developed. It is shown that the frequency stability can be considerably improved by integrating PV systems into frequency control.
Association Between Serum Irisin and Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Rui , Liu Hongyan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIrisin, an emerging adipokine, has been involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, previous studies evaluating the association between irisin and diabetic nephropathy (DN) showed inconsistent results. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the above association. Matched case-control studies evaluating the difference of serum irisin between T2DM patients with and without DN were identified via systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochranes’ Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases from inception to December 5, 2020. A random-effects model or a fixed-effects model was used to pool the results according to the heterogeneity. Overall, thirteen matched case-control studies including 1735 T2DM patients were included. Results of meta-analysis showed that compared to T2DM patients with normoalbuminuria, those with microalbuminuria [10 studies, standard mean difference (SMD): 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48–1.77, p<0.001; I2=94%] and macroalbuminuria (10 studies, SMD: 1.86, 95% CI: 0.93–2.79, p<0.001; I2=97%) had significantly lower serum irisin. Besides, the serum level of irisin was significantly lower in T2DM patients with macroalbuminuria than those with microalbuminuria (10 studies, SMD: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.44–1.38, p<0.001; I2=90%). In addition, patients with estimated glomerular infiltration rate (eGFR)<60 ml/min 1.73 m2 had lower serum irisin compared to those with eGFR≥60 ml/min 1.73 m2 (4 studies, SMD: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.32–1.46, p=0.002; I2=91%). In conclusion, serum irisin may be associated with albuminuria and reduced eGFR in T2DM patients.
Giant Calcified Cavernous Hemangioma Managed with Modified Double Concentric Craniotomy
Authors: Jha Vikas Chandra , Abhijit Vishal , Jha Neera , Rewatkar Sudhanshu , Sinha Vivek Sharan , Alam Mohammad Shahnawaz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGiant calcified cavernous hemangioma is uncommon, and calvarial invasion with intracranial extension and dural breach is rare. Radiological resemblance to lesions like meningioma is unreported. Surgical excision of such lesions is technically challenging. A 35-year-old female presented with recurrent generalized tonic-clonic seizures for 2 years. Imaging suggested a highly vascular lesion arising from the skull, mimicking intraosseous meningioma, sarcoma, metastases, and so on. Double concentric craniotomy was done with lifting of bones separately around sinuses with radial cuts of dura to visualize tumor-cortical interface to safeguard neurovascular structures, and complete excision was achieved. Histopathology was suggestive of calcified cavernous hemangioma. The patient was asymptomatic at 1 year of follow-up.Differentiating angiomatous and intraosseous meningioma from calcifying giant hemangioma and other mimicking lesions may be difficult on imaging. Modified double concentric craniotomy, although used uncommonly, can be a useful technique safeguarding the neurovascular structures in its proximity.
Systematic Review of Radiation-Based Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Mathew Namita E. , Elsayed Mohammad , Nezami Nariman , Majdalany Bill S. , Gandhi Ripal , Haber Michael , Bercu Zachary L. , Kokabi Nima 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aim Despite the increasing trend to utilize radiation therapies for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there is limited analysis comparing treatment outcomes of various radiation-based therapies including selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) to stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and proton beam therapy (PBT). This study aims to examine the heterogeneity of designs and outcomes in existing radiation therapy studies for the treatment of HCC.
Methods A systematic review was performed to compare the radiation therapies for HCC including SBRT, PBT, and yttrium-90 (Y90) SIRT by searching through PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and Cochrane library databases. The main outcomes analyzed were overall survival rates, median overall survival, and progression-free survival with additional analysis of baseline patient characteristics, including Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, Child–Pugh class, and tumor size.
Results Eighty-seven studies comprising 7,462 patients were included. The pooled 1-year overall survival rates for the Y90 SIRT, SBRT, and PBT groups were 57.8, 83.1, and 78.7%, respectively. The rates of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer A, B, and C patients were 22.9, 32.2, and 42.5% in Y90 SIRT; 52.5, 20.2, and 25.1% in SBRT; and 36.3, 33.4, and 28.2% in PBT groups, respectively. The baseline intergroup differences were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The median tumor sizes were 5.8, 3.1, and 4.5 cm in the Y90 SIRT, SBRT, and PBT groups, respectively.
Conclusion In the management of HCC, there is substantial heterogeneity in studies investigating Y90 SIRT, SBRT, and PBT, with Y90 SIRT patients having worse Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer and tumor burden at baseline, which likely contributes to the observed lower survival outcome.
Wind Energy and its Application in Hydrogen Production
Authors: Okedu Kenneth 
Published: May 2021

Wind energy is the fastest-growing form of renewable energy in the world. Hydrogen is very useful as fuel. This chapter presents a simulation model of producing hydrogen from wind energy, using the Power System Computer Aided Design and Electromagnetic Transient Including DC (PSCAD/EMTDC) platform. Some optimization techniques for storing hydrogen are also discussed. The importance of the integration of hydrogen to wind energy plants in relation to electricity generation is also highlighted.
This chapter also presents the use of an energy capacitor system (ECS) connected to a wind farm with an electrolyzer system to produce hydrogen gas. Voltage and frequency control of the network was achieved. The simulation results display the effect the energy capacitor system has in the smoothing of the output power of the wind farm, through the provision of active and reactive power from its electronic voltage source converter (VSC) unit to the grid system.
The effects of prompt types on L2 learners’ textual emotionality and lexical complexity
Authors: Abdi Tabari Mahmoud , Wang Yizhou 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the role of prompt types in the emotion and lexical complexity level in L2 writing performance using fine-grained automatic textual analyzing tools and indices. Fifty-three ESL advanced-mid students wrote essays on pandemic (esp. COVID-19) and non-pandemic prompts. A textual Sentiment Analysis was carried out to detect both positive and negative emotions expressed in the students’ writing. A set of six lexical complexity indices was calculated to examine further the rarity, fluency, sophistication, and diversity levels in writing. The results revealed that the prompt types affect the emotional and lexical complexity of L2 writing. These results also showed that emotionality and lexical complexity have intricate and significant interactions, providing evidence for an emotion-lexicon link in L2 writing. Our results indicated that emotion has a substantial role in L2 writing beyond the traditional cognition-centered perspective, echoing the call of an ‘affective turn’ in second language acquisition (SLA) research.
Ehrenfest’s scheme and microstructure for regular-AdS black hole in the extended phase space
Authors: Guo Sen , Liang En-Wei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The regular (Bardeen)–anti-de Sitter (AdS) (BAdS) black hole (BH) in the extended phase space is taken as an example for investigating the BH phase transition grade from both macroscopic and microscopic points of view. The equation of state and thermodynamic quantities of this BH are obtained. It is found that the BAdS BH phase space in the extended phase space should be a second-order phase transition near the critical point by verifying the Ehrenfest’s equation, and the possibility of its first-order phase transition can be ruled out by the entropy continuity and the heat capacity mutation. The critical exponents from the microscopic structure are analytically and numerically presented with the Landau continuous phase transition theory by introducing a microscopic order-parameter.
Fuzzy and discrete black hole models*
Authors: Argota-Quiroz J N , Majid S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Using quantum Riemannian geometry, we solve for a Ricci = 0 static spherically-symmetric solution in 4D, with the S
2 at each t, r a noncommutative fuzzy sphere, finding a dimension jump with solutions having the time and radial form of a classical 5D Tangherlini black hole. Thus, even a small amount of angular noncommutativity leads to radically different radial behaviour, modifying the Laplacian and the weak gravity limit. We likewise provide a version of a 3D black hole with the S
1 at each t, r now a discrete circle

Z

n

, with the time and radial form of the inside of a classical 4D Schwarzschild black hole far from the horizon. We study the Laplacian and the classical limit

Z

n

→

S

1

. We also study the 3D FLRW model on

R
×

S

2

with S
2 an expanding fuzzy sphere and find that the Friedmann equation for the expansion is the classical 4D one for a closed

R
×

S

3

Universe.
Test of global monopole based alternative dark matter model from gravitational lensing studies
Authors: Sarkar Kabita , Ghosh Samrat , Bhadra Arunava , Mukhopadhyay Amitabha 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Non-minimally coupled global monopole or a Schwarzschild black hole that swallowed a global monopole at the center of a galaxy can correctly describe the observed flat rotation curve of galaxies without the need of dark matter. To become a viable alternative to dark matter the global monopole based model also needs to explain the other observations hinting for the existence of dark matter. Here we have studied weak gravitational lensing due to Schwarzchild space time with global monopole and compare with the findings of galaxy-galaxy weak lensing and also the lensing observations of the rich galaxy cluster Abell 370. We find that global monopole based model cannot describe the mentioned lensing observations without the presence of dark matter.