bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing law enforcement monitoring data and research data suggests an underestimation of bushmeat poaching through snaring in a Kenyan World Heritage Site
Authors: Harmsen Henk , Mbau Judith Syombua , Muthama John Nzioka , Wang'ondu Virginia Wangechi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRangers collect law enforcement monitoring (LEM) data during their patrols in protected areas. These data are increasingly used to interpret patrolling effectiveness and to predict poaching activity. However, LEM data can contain biases that may weaken the conclusions derived from such analyses. Research data, collected from 82 km of desnaring transects and interviews with 31 rangers, were compared with recorded LEM data. The latter included a logbook in which poacher sightings were documented, desnaring reports containing the locations of known snaring hotspots, and patrol strategies, containing the allocation of ranger patrols within the conservancy. Our findings suggest that the poaching prevalence reported through the LEM data is likely to constitute an underestimation of the true prevalence. Patrolling strategies were found to be predictable, allowing poachers to evade detection. One‐third of the interviewed rangers admitted to not reporting sighted poachers. We conclude that the use of LEM data for analysis or poaching prediction by managers of protected areas or researchers requires careful consideration of patrol predictability, possible displacement of poaching activity, and ranger culture and morale in order to avoid underestimation of true poaching prevalence.
A semiparametric model for between‐subject attributes: Applications to beta‐diversity of microbiome data
Authors: Liu J. , Zhang Xinlian , Chen T. , Wu T. , Lin T. , Jiang L. , Lang S. , Liu L. , Natarajan L. , Tu J.X. , Kosciolek T. , Morton J. , Nguyen T.T. , Schnabl B. , Knight R. , Feng C. , Zhong Y. , Tu X.M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe human microbiome plays an important role in our health and identifying factors associated with microbiome composition provides insights into inherent disease mechanisms. By amplifying and sequencing the marker genes in high‐throughput sequencing, with highly similar sequences binned together, we obtain operational taxonomic units (OTUs) profiles for each subject. Due to the high‐dimensionality and nonnormality features of the OTUs, the measure of diversity is introduced as a summarization at the microbial community level, including the distance‐based beta‐diversity between individuals. Analyses of such between‐subject attributes are not amenable to the predominant within‐subject‐based statistical paradigm, such as t‐tests and linear regression. In this paper, we propose a new approach to model beta‐diversity as a response within a regression setting by utilizing the functional response models (FRMs), a class of semiparametric models for between‐ as well as within‐subject attributes. The new approach not only addresses limitations of current methods for beta‐diversity with cross‐sectional data, but also provides a premise for extending the approach to longitudinal and other clustered data in the future. The proposed approach is illustrated with both real and simulated data.
Developing capabilities: Lifelong learning in the age of AI
Authors: Poquet Oleksandra , de Laat Maarten 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDue to the ongoing digitalisation of workplaces and educational settings, human activity underpinning learning and work is increasingly mediated by technology. The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and its integration into everyday technologies influences how people are exposed to information, interact, learn and make decisions. We argue that technology, data and evolving AI applications affect how humans enact and experience life and work, changing the context for learning. Hence, as this paper argues, the current notion of lifelong learning needs a revisit to embrace technology at its foundation. To bring freely chosen goals and ownership in one's learning to the fore, in the context of the coming AI age, we argue for the telos of learning to shift from human capital to human development, with the spotlight on capabilities. The paper draws on the capability approach to inform individuals and organisations of how they can support human development throughout lifelong learning. We then move to provide examples of how technologies underpinning workplace practices can be seen with the focus on capabilities as individuals learn to create value.
Practitioner notesWhat is known about the topic?

The primary notion of lifelong learning refers to adult learning processes.
The policy perspective that dominates organisation of lifelong learning opportunities focuses on human capital development.
Technologies mediate learning and work.
What this paper adds

Technology is not explicitly addressed in meanings associated with lifelong learning.
AI‐based technologies dynamically interact with human cognitive and social practices.
The paper argues for a stronger focus on human development instead of human capital in the telos of lifelong learning opportunities.
Capability approach is a viable alternative to human capital perspective on LLL.
Data used to support learning can focus on learner agency and systemic factors that enable and constrain lifelong learning.
Implications for practice and/or policy

LLL interventions should promote systemic support for learner agency and ownership.
LLL interventions should focus on negotiated value creation.
Workplaces should embrace human‐machine integration but in ways that support capability and human development, not human capital.
Experiences and barriers to accessing mental health support in mothers of children with a disability
Authors: Gilson Kim‐Michelle , Davis Elise , Gains Joan , Brunton Susan , Williams Katrina , Reddihough Dinah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite evidence for high levels of mental health problems in mothers of children with a disability and the potential impact on caring for their child, very little is known about mothers' experience in accessing professional mental health support. This study aimed to explore mothers' views and experience on seeking help for their mental health.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 25 mothers of children with a disability. Thematic analysis was completed.ResultsMothers experienced significant barriers when accesing support at the personal, professional and system level. Personal barriers included the need for competency and stigma about mental illness: professional barriers included the lack of discussions about mental health and interpersonal factors that hindered disclosure. System barriers included feeling invisible to the health services, paediatric care focusing on the child rather than the family and limitations to the type of mental health support available.ConclusionMothers perceive substantial barriers in accessing support for their mental health. It is important that strategies are designed so the importance of mentally healthy mothers is understood and to normalize a need for assistance when you are the mother of a child with additional support needs. Strategies are also needed to encourage mothers to seek help and to assist professionals having discussions about maternal wellbeing. Improvements are also required in the accessibility of service supports.
Characteristics of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Li Huijuan , Wen Yuhua , Liu Peipei , Zhang Liya , Zhang Xiaoya , Liu Yichen , Ma Bin , Kuang Haidong , Wang Jianxin , Song Lige 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe characteristics of bone metabolism in T2DM are still controversial. This study aims to recognize bone turnover features in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM who have never been treated with anti‐diabetic drugs and further explore the possible factors contributing to their impaired bone turnover.Materials and MethodsAn analytic sample of 88 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM and 152 non‐diabetic control individuals were studied. All the participants were postmenopausal women. Demographics variables and clinical history were recorded. We measured lipid profile, glucose metabolism, bone turnover markers indices as well as their related hormones, serum calcium and phosphorus. Bone mineral density was detected by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. We compared the differences in bone turnover markers and their regulating hormones between two groups and further analysed the factors related to bone turnover in T2DM.ResultsCompared with the control group, patients with T2DM had a higher level of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), lower levels of procollagen type I intact N‐terminal (P1NP), osteocalcin (OC) and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that in patients with T2DM, HbA1c was negatively correlated with P1NP and OC. For patients without diabetes, HbA1c was negatively related to BALP and OC.ConclusionsPatients with newly diagnosed T2DM may have impaired osteoblastic maturation and bone formation, which may be mainly attributed to hyperglycaemia.
Naringin‐inlaid silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite scaffold enhances human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cell‐based bone regeneration
Authors: Zhao Zhi‐Hu , Ma Xin‐Long , Zhao Bin , Tian Peng , Ma Jian‐Xiong , Kang Jia‐Yu , Zhang Yang , Guo Yue , Sun Lei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesLarge bone defects are a common, debilitating clinical condition that have substantial global health and economic burden. Bone tissue engineering technology has become one of the most promising approaches for regenerating defective bones. In this study, we fabricated a naringin‐inlaid composite silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (NG/SF/HAp) scaffold to repair bone defects.Materials and MethodsThe salt‐leaching technology was used to fabricate the NG/SF/HAp scaffold. The cytocompatibility of the NG/SF/HAp scaffold was assessed using scanning electron microscopy, live/dead cell staining and phalloidin staining. The osteogenic and angiogenic properties were assessed in vitro and in vivo.ResultsThe porous NG/SF/HAp scaffold had a well‐designed biomimetic porous structure with osteoinductive and angiogenic activities. A gene microarray identified 854 differentially expressed genes between human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) cultured on SF‐nHAp scaffolds and cells cultured on NG/SF/HAp scaffolds. The underlying osteoblastic mechanism was investigated using hUCMSCs in vitro. Naringin facilitated hUCMSC ingrowth into the SF/HAp scaffold and promoted osteogenic differentiation. The osteogenic and angiogenic capabilities of cells cultured in the NG/SF/HAp scaffold were superior to those of cells cultured in the SF/HAp scaffold.ConclusionsThe data indicate the potential of the SF/HAp composite scaffold incorporating naringin for bone regeneration.
The behaviour of alcohol‐dependent drinkers of spirits during level 4 COVID‐19 lockdown in Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Falkner Carolyn , Neave Hamish 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionBehaviour of alcohol drinkers during previous major public health or economic crises has varied, with reductions in use generally occurring during periods of reduced availability. This study aimed to discover the behaviour of a group of dependent drinkers of spirits during a 33‐day period of complete closure of physical stores selling spirits during COVID‐19 lockdown in Auckland, New Zealand, March 2020.MethodsElectronic clinical records of drinkers waitlisted to complete an alcohol detox at the in‐patient service were followed from day 1 of lockdown and outcomes at the end of the period analysed.ResultsDrinkers of spirits were statistically more successful in stopping drinking (P = 0.002) than those of wine or beer. Only 26% chose to switch to an alternate alcohol type initially.Discussion and ConclusionA sudden reduction in availability of spirits resulted in positive behaviour change in spirits drinkers compared to those of other alcohol types, aided by the support of detox services. Internet alcohol purchasing, while not used by this group, deserves close future scrutiny due to its potential to increase alcohol availability in dependent drinkers.
Real‐world performance of hybrid closed loop in youth, young adults, adults and older adults with type 1 diabetes: Identifying a clinical target for hybrid closed‐loop use
Authors: Berget Cari , Akturk Halis Kaan , Messer Laurel H. , Vigers Timothy , Pyle Laura , Snell‐Bergeon Janet , Driscoll Kimberly A. , Forlenza Gregory P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo describe real‐world hybrid closed loop (HCL) use and glycaemic outcomes across the lifespan and identify a clinical threshold for HCL use associated with meeting the internationally recommended target of 70% sensor glucose time in range (TIR; 70‐180 mg/dL).Materials and MethodsMixed models examined MiniMed 670G HCL use and glycaemic outcomes in 276 people with type 1 diabetes from four age groups: youth (aged <18 years), young adults (18‐25 years), adults (26‐49 years) and older adults (≥50 years) for 1 year. ROC analysis identified the minimum percentage HCL use associated with meeting the TIR goal of 70%.ResultsHCL use at month 1 was 70.7% ± 2.9% for youth, 71.0% ± 3.8% for young adults, 78.9% ± 2.1% for adults and 84.7% ± 3.8% in older adults. HCL use declined significantly at 12 months to 49.3% ± 3.2% in youth (P < .001) and 55.7% ± 4.3% in young adults (P = .002). HCL use was sustained at 12 months in adults (76.4% ± 2.2%, P = .36) and older adults (80.4% ± 3.9%, P = .36). HCL use of 70.6% was associated with 70% TIR (sensitivity 58.3%, specificity 85%, AUC 0.77). Older age, 80% or higher continuous glucose monitor use and four or more blood glucose checks per day were associated with attaining the HCL‐use threshold.ConclusionsHCL use of 70% or higher may be a useful target for clinicians to use to assist people with diabetes in attaining glycaemic goals. Youth may struggle with HCL use more than adults and require clinical intervention to help sustain HCL use across time.
Global myocardial work: A new way to detect subclinical myocardial dysfunction with normal left ventricle ejection fraction in essential hypertension patients: Compared with myocardial layer‐specific strain analysis
Authors: Huang Jun , Yang Chao , Yan Zi‐Ning , Fan Li , Ni Cai‐Fang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine whether global myocardial work (MW), derived from non‐invasive left ventricle (LV) pressure‐strain loops (PSL) at rest, could predict subclinical LV myocardial dysfunction in preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) essential hypertension (EHT) patients.MethodsA total of 105 untreated EHT patients and 55 normal controls were enrolled in this study. Apical 4‐, 3‐ and 2‐chamber views were acquired by two‐dimensional echocardiography. The peak systolic myocardial layer‐specific longitudinal strain (epimyocardial: GLSEpi; middle layer: GLSMid; and endomyocardial: GLSEndo), global myocardial work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW), and myocardial work efficiency (GWE) were generated by speckle‐tracking echocardiography (STE).ResultsThe values of GLSEpi, GLSMid, and GLSEndo were significantly lower in EHT patients with LVH than in EHT patients without LVH and normal controls. GWW was significantly increased in EHT patients with LVH compared with without LVH and normal subjects, while GWE was significantly reduced in EHT patients with LVH compared with without LVH and normal subjects. ROC analysis showed that combined global MW values were a more sensitive predictor for detecting the accuracy of LV subclinical dysfunction in EHT patients than layer‐specific GLS.ConclusionFrom the research, we conclude that global MW is more sensitive to layer‐specific GLS in its ability to detect subclinical LV dysfunction even in EHT patients even without LVH.
Foundry: Early learnings from the implementation of an integrated youth service network
Authors: Mathias Steve , Tee Karen , Helfrich Warren , Gerty Krista , Chan Godwin , Barbic Skye Pamela 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAIMSTo provide the first profile of the demographic and service characteristics of young people (aged 12–24 years) who access Foundry, a provincial network of integrated youth health and social service centres in British Columbia, Canada and to share early learnings about implementation and service innovation.METHODSUsing a retrospective chart review, we conducted a census of all young people accessing a Foundry centre in a ‘proof of concept’ phase. Six centres were assessed between October 2015 and March 2018. Data included demographics, mental health service access history, service type the youth was seeking, and information about how they found out about the centre.RESULTSA total of 4783 young people presented during this proof of concept period, for a total number of 35 791 visits. The most frequently accessed category of service was mental health/substance use (57%) followed by physical health (25%). Young people were most likely to be female, aged 15–19, and White. Youth demographic characteristics showed an over‐representation of Indigenous and LGBTQ2 youth and under‐representation of males and youth aged 20–24. Youth were most likely to learn about Foundry from a friend (44%) or family member (22%). Most youth (58%) reported that they would have gone ‘nowhere’ if not for Foundry.CONCLUSIONSFoundry is a model of integrated health and social services delivery, focused on early intervention, prevention and accessibility, driven by the needs and priorities of young people and their families. Leveraging international integrated youth health service evidence, the model addresses urgent priorities in Canadian health service delivery.
Intrinsic postzygotic barriers constrain cross‐fertilisation between two hybridising sibling rotifer species of the Brachionus calyciflorus species complex
Authors: Zhang Wei , Declerck Steven A. J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Brachionus calyciflorus is a recently described monogonont rotifer species complex that comprises four species. The observation of hybridisation between two of these species challenges this species delimitation. The mechanisms of reproductive isolation essential to the maintenance of species integrity remain unclear.

Here, we conducted upscaled hybridisation experiments to obtain large numbers of hybrid and non‐hybrid dormant propagules. Through hatching assays, we compared the zygote viability of hybrid with non‐hybrid dormant propagules. Furthermore, we investigated populations of F1 hybrid clones and assessed their clonal growth rate and the ability to reproduce sexually.

Our results demonstrated higher rates of morphological abnormality and associated mortality in dormant propagules of hybrids compared to non‐hybrids yet hatching rates of healthy‐looking propagules proved similar. F1 hybrids exhibited high clonal population growth rates, nevertheless, we also observed strong differences between clones and a strong influence of parental genotype identity. Two‐thirds of the F1 hybrid clones showed a low incidence of sexual reproduction and almost never produced dormant propagules. Clones with high population growth rates seemed to invest less in sexual reproduction.

Our results clearly demonstrate the existence of intrinsic postzygotic barriers caused by relatively high mortality of dormant propagules. Furthermore, the low ability of most hybrid clones to engage in sexual reproduction may reduce the long‐term fitness of hybrid clones. These postzygotic barriers probably impede genetic exchange between parental species and contribute to the maintenance of their integrity.
Pulsed electric fields‐ and ultrasound‐assisted green extraction of valuable compounds from Origanum vulgare L. and Thymus serpyllum L.
Authors: Carpentieri Serena , Mazza Luisa , Nutrizio Marinela , Jambrak Anet R. , Ferrari Giovanna , Pataro Gianpiero 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThis work compared the effects of pulsed electric fields (PEF) and ultrasound (US) technologies on the extent of cell disintegration of two Mediterranean herb tissues (Origanum vulgare L., Thymus serpyllum L.), as well as on the extractability of phenolic compounds during the subsequent hydroalcoholic extraction (0%–50% ethanol in water, v/v) for up to 4 h. The rate of phenolic compounds extraction decreased with time and was predicted rather satisfactorily (R2 = 0.898–0.989) by the Peleg’s model. The application of either PEF or US treatment prior to solid–liquid extraction (SLE) has the potential to reduce duration and concentration of ethanol to achieve the same recovery yield of phenolic compounds. Under optimised PEF (3 kV cm−1, 10 kJ kg−1) and US (400 W, 20 min) treatment conditions, the extracts obtained from either PEF or US pretreated herb samples showed higher total phenolic yield (36% on average) and antioxidant activity (FRAP) (36% on average) as compared to the control extraction, especially when 25% ethanol was used as a solvent. GC/MS analyses revealed no evidence of degradation of individual phenolics due to either PEF or US application.
An arginine aminopeptidase from marine Bacillus axarquiensis SWJSX8 and its application in improving pumpkin seed protein hydrolysis
Authors: Lei Fenfen , Chen Yaqi , Chen Lin , Zhang Liwei , Zheng Jincheng 
Published: May 2021

SummaryAn arginine aminopeptidase from Bacillus axarquiensis SWJSX8 (BAAP) was developed for the first time. The enzyme was purified 16.6‐fold with specificity activity of 267.2 U/mg protein and a total yield of 10.5% and was estimated to be 67.0 KDa by SDS‐PAGE. It exhibited the maximum activity at 55 °C and pH 8.5 and was activated by 15–20% NaCl with 50% improvement. BAAP was a metalloaminopeptidase and showed better preference for Arg‐pNA, Leu‐pNA and Lys‐pNA amongst the substrates tested. The introduction of BAAP improved the hydrolysis degree of pumpkin seed protein hydrolysates (PSPHs) by 5.7–8.2% and significantly increased the contents of small peptides and free amino acids, while decreased the bitter intensity score of the PSPHs hydrolysed by Alcalase 2.4 L. The antioxidant capacity of the PSPHs had also been improved. The newly developed BAAP has great potential to be used in hydrolysing proteins that are rich in arginine.
Soy whey as a promising substrate in the fermentation of soy sauce: a study of microbial community and volatile compounds
Authors: Xu Dandan , Wang Wenping , Wang Peng , Zhang Xin , Zhang Jian , Xu Chunyan , Wang Fenghuan 
Published: May 2021

SummarySoy whey wastewater generated from tofu production contains rich nutrients but has a very short shelf‐life. In this study, salt‐added soy whey was used as the liquid substrate instead of brine for the production of soy whey soy sauce (SWSS), and the sensory description, physicochemical properties, microbial community and volatile compounds were compared with traditional soy sauce (SS). The results indicated that amino nitrogen and reducing sugar were significantly higher in SWSS at the initial fermentation, but physicochemical properties and intensities of sensory attributes were not significantly different in the final product of SWSS and SS. Meyerozyma was the predominant genus at 90 and 120 days, while Candida became the most abundant at the end of fermentation in SWSS. A total of 89 volatile compounds were identified in SWSS and SS, correlation analysis indicated the acetic acid and phenylethyl alcohol were negatively affected by Aspergillus while positively affected by Candida. This study provided a promising and zero‐waste solution to biotransforming soy whey into soy sauce.