bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoacoustic Imaging of Brain Functions: Wide Filed‐of‐View Functional Imaging with High Spatiotemporal Resolution
Authors: Jin Tian , Qi Weizhi , Liang Xiao , Guo Heng , Liu Quanying , Xi Lei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNeuroimaging techniques can reveal complex brain functions associated with behaviors and emotions. However, most existing neuroimaging methods suffer from balancing tradeoffs among the temporal and spatial resolutions as well as the field of view (FOV). A high spatiotemporal resolution photoacoustic neuroimaging (PANI) technique with a wide FOV sufficient to cover the entire mouse cerebral cortex in transverse plane and measure fast neuronal dynamics is developed. Based on the experimental validations from both drug‐induced epilepsy and electrical stimulation in the mouse brain, PANI features the following capabilities: i) deriving functional information from the fluctuation of total hemoglobin (HbT) to identify the neural activity and connectivity of the mouse cortex; ii) integrating with other neurological recording methods such as electroencephalograph (EEG) to investigate the neurovascular coupling; and iii) revealing the interactive connectivity between distant brain regions under different physiological conditions. The special features of PANI offer a unique window on investigating the fast neural dynamics with a wide FOV at the capillary scale.
Floquet Edge Multicolor Solitons
Authors: Ivanov Sergey K. , Kartashov Yaroslav V. , Szameit Alexander , Torner Lluis , Konotop Vladimir V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTopological insulators are unique physical structures that are insulators in their bulk, but support currents at their edges which can be unidirectional and topologically protected from scattering on disorder and inhomogeneities. Photonic topological insulators can be crafted in materials that exhibit a strong nonlinear response, thus opening the door to the exploration of the interplay between nonlinearity and topological effects. Among the fascinating new phenomena arising from this interplay is the formation of topological edge solitons—hybrid asymmetric states localized across and along the interface due to different physical mechanisms. Such solitons have so far been studied only in materials with Kerr‐type, or cubic, nonlinearity. Here, the first example of the topological edge soliton supported by parametric interactions in nonlinear media is presented. Such solitons exist in Floquet topological insulators realized in arrays of helical waveguides made of a phase‐matchable material. Floquet edge solitons bifurcate from topological edge states in the spectrum of the fundamental frequency wave and remain localized over propagation distances drastically exceeding the helix period, while travelling along the edge of the structure. A theory of such states is developed. It is shown that multicolor solitons in a Floquet system exists in the vicinity of (formally infinite) set of linear resonances determined by the Floquet phase matching conditions. Away from resonance, soliton envelopes can be described by a period‐averaged single nonlinear Schrödinger equation with an effective cubic nonlinear coefficient whose magnitude and sign depend on the overall phase‐mismatch between the fundamental frequency and second harmonic waves. Such total phase‐mismatch includes the intrinsic mismatch and the geometrically‐induced mismatch introduced by the array, and its value reveals one of the genuine effects exhibited by the Floquet quadratic solitons. The results open fundamental new prospects for the exploration of a range of parametric frequency‐mixing phenomena in photonic Floquet quadratic nonlinear media.
Metamaterials‐Based Photoelectric Conversion: From Microwave to Optical Range
Authors: Chai Minqi , Wang Yingxin , Chen Chuanxin , Zhao Ziran , Jin Meihua , He Tao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhotoelectric conversion (PC) is an essential process for the devices based on the utilization of electrical signals, such as solar cells, sensors, imaging, and communication. As an emerging research field, great advances are made in the PC devices based on the metamaterials (MMs) hitherto. The MMs exhibit unique electromagnetic resonance properties, which can be used for perfect absorbers and are promising for efficient PC from microwave to optical range, though the absorption mechanism varies with the waveband. Perfect absorption in the microwave is mainly induced by the electromagnetic polariton resonance, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) becomes dominant as the frequency approaches to optical band. Thus, the MMs‐based photoelectric devices are realized via an electronic approach in the microwave band, and are based on the SPR‐induced hot carriers in the optical band. Since terahertz wave falls between the microwave and optical band, terahertz photoelectric devices exhibit unique characteristic different from the electronics and optics, while still bear similarity to both of them, which is dependent on the frequency. Hence, this review covers major advances in the aspects of fundamentals and engineering for the MMs‐based photoelectric devices from microwave to optical range.
Protein Glycosylation and Gut Microbiota Utilization Can Limit the In Vitro and In Vivo Metabolic Cellular Incorporation of Neu5Gc
Authors: Lin Xisha , Yao Hongliang , Guo Jingyu , Huang Yingying , Wang Wenjiao , Yin Binru , Li Xiang'an , Wang Ting , Li Chunbao , Xu Xinglian , Zhou Guanghong , Voglmeir Josef , Liu Li 
Published: December 2021

ScopeRed meat intake is reported to be correlated with chronic diseases. A potential causal factor is N‐glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) which metabolically incorporates into diverse glycoconjugates in humans. This study aims to investigate the impact of exposure to Neu5Gc‐rich red meat on healthy cytidine‐5′‐monophospho‐N‐acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (Cmah) knock‐out mice and the underlying mechanisms.Methods and ResultsCMAH−/− mice are fed Neu5Gc‐rich diet for short‐term (4 months) and long‐term (10 months). Health status and levels of inflammatory cytokines are assessed. Caco‐2 cells are used to investigate the intestinal absorption of Neu5Gc‐containing glycoprotein, and in vitro fermentation is used to investigate the Neu5Gc utilization by gut microbiota. Neu5Gc‐rich diets show neither measurable abnormality in physio‐biochemical and inflammatory indexes nor observable alterations of liver tissue in mice. Glycosylation of lactoferrin limits its intestinal epithelial absorption, and the absorption of Neu5Gc attach onto glycoprotein is thus limited. Neu5Gc is also simultaneously utilized by microorganisms under simulated gut conditions.ConclusionThe results indicate that the long‐term intake of Neu5Gc‐rich red meat has no adverse effect on the health of CMAH−/− mice, which may be related to the limited absorption of Neu5Gc that is regulated by protein glycosylation, and the metabolism of Neu5Gc by gut microorganisms.
Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Cultural Competence Scale in Clinical Nurses
Authors: Sarkhani Naeimeh , Negarandeh Reza , Dashti Raziyeh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimCultural competence is a crucial component of nursing competency, and a valid and reliable scale is needed to measure it. This study was conducted to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Cultural Competence Scale among Iranian clinical nurses.DesignA methodological design was used.MethodsThe scale was translated into Persian, and its content, face and construct validity, and reliability were examined.ResultsTwo items with a content validity ratio of 0.6 were removed. In the case of the content validity index, one item with a content validity index lower than 0.70 was removed. The mean content validity index for the scale was reported as 0.99. All 31 items with an impact score index higher than 1.5 were approved. The exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors explaining 59.92% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha and the intraclass correlation coefficient were calculated at 0.95 and 0.94, respectively.
Solubility Enhancement of Antidiabetic Drugs Using a Co‐Crystallization Approach
Authors: Batisai Eustina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe co‐crystallization approach has been used to enhance specific desirable properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) such as solubility, dissolution rate, and stability. Solubility is a fundamental property that affects the bioavailability and dosage of the API. The co‐crystal approach is one of the emerging methods with the potential for improving the solubility of these drugs. This paper reviews the latest progress on improving the solubility of some antidiabetic drug molecules using the co‐crystal approach.
Fabrication of aluminum honeycomb cored carbon fabric/epoxy composite sandwich structures via vacuum assisted resin infusion technique
Authors: Vasanthanathan Arunachalam , Navin Kumar Chandrasekaran 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA detailed step‐by‐step fabrication procedural document of thin‐walled aluminum honeycomb sandwich composite structures, panels, and specimens using vacuum assisted resin infusion process was delivered in this paper. By and large, honeycomb sandwich structures are made by keeping the honeycomb core in between two face sheets, which are glued with the help of adhesives. In the present fabrication process, aluminum honeycomb core was glued in between the carbon fabric reinforced epoxy composite face sheets through vacuum assisted resin infusion technique. The present paper is aimed at fabricating two configurations of honeycomb sandwich composite panels namely, without considering any filler material inside the honeycomb cell, with considering the filler material inside the honeycomb cell. Plastic pellets made up of poly carbonate were considered as filler material for stiffening the aluminum honeycomb sandwich composite panels.
Presence and predictors of pain after orthopedic surgery and associated orthopedic outcomes in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Boyer Elizabeth R. , Novaczyk Zachary B. , Novacheck Tom F. , Symons Frank J. , Burkitt Chantel C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile children with cerebral palsy (CP) may undergo 8‐22 orthopedic surgeries in their lifetime, little is known about the associated pain. We aimed to assess the pain presence before and one year after lower extremity orthopedic surgery, predictors of pain presence at follow‐up, and the association between pain and orthopedic outcomes related to surgery. This retrospective study included 86 children with CP (M age = 10.0 years, SD = 3.2; range = 4.1‐17.3 years, Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS) level I‐III) who underwent orthopedic surgery and had completed questionnaires at gait analyses before (M = 2.7 months; range = 0.0‐5.7) and after surgery (M = 11.8 months; range = 9.0‐14.9). Pain presence, location, and Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) scores were documented before and after surgery at gait analyses. Pain prevalence was 60% at baseline and 56% at follow‐up. Significant predictors of pain presence at follow‐up included (1) pain presence at baseline (range of odds ratios [OR] across any/all locations = 3.22 to 15.54), (2) older age (range of OR for any pain, back, knee, and foot pain = 1.24‐1.26), (3) female sex (decreased OR for males for ankle pain = 0.12), (4) having hip surgery (decreased OR for foot pain = 0.20), and (5) lower GMFCS level (OR for foot pain = 0.41). Changes in PODCI Sports and Physical Function scores were associated with changes in hip and knee pain (P < .03); PODCI scores worsened for patients who had pain at both time points and improved for patients who had pain at baseline but not follow‐up. Pain was present for over half of the participants before and after orthopedic surgery. Pain presence at follow‐up was predicted by pain presence at baseline. Pain and functional outcomes were correlated at follow‐up. Prospective studies examining perioperative pain experience and factors predicting pain outcomes are warranted.
Cognitive variables associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with cancer: A five‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Priede Amador , Rodríguez‐Pérez Noelia , Hoyuela Fernando , Cordero‐Andrés Patricia , Umaran‐Alfageme Olga , González‐Blanch César 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with cancer are at increased risk of developing symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, data on the variables associated with these symptoms in the long term are scant. This study aims to evaluate rumination and thought suppression as explanatory variables of depressive and anxiety symptoms at one‐ and five‐year follow‐up in patients diagnosed with cancer.MethodsA total of 131 patients with cancer were assessed at baseline (≤4 months of diagnosis), and at 1 and 5 years after diagnosis. A battery of self‐reported measures was used to evaluate anxiety and depressive symptoms, rumination, thought suppression, social support, and self‐efficacy. The associations among these variables were assessed with linear mixed‐effects models.ResultsThe models for depressive and anxiety symptoms explained 43.5% and 44.2% of the variance, respectively. Rumination was a significant explanatory variable of both depressive and anxiety symptoms over the five‐year follow‐up period, while thought suppression was only associated with anxiety symptoms. Female gender was associated with a higher risk of presenting anxiety symptoms but this same variable was also protective against depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe assessment and treatment of rumination and thought suppression in patients diagnosed with cancer is advisable, as these cognitive domains seem to be associated to symptoms of emotional disorders in the long term.
Nonrespiratory complications of nusinersen‐treated spinal muscular atrophy type 1 patients
Authors: Lavie Moran , Rochman Mika , Sagi Liora , Yerushalmy Feler Anat , Ovadia Dror , Cahal Michal , Be'er Moria , Sadot Efraim , Fattal‐Valevski Aviva , Amirav Israel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmergence of new treatments for spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (SMA1) has led to dramatic improvements in respiratory failure and survival. However, these “treated” patients sustain major problems in other organ systems, which may directly or indirectly affect their respiratory function. We observed three main nonrespiratory manifestations in these patients comprised of facial deformities, feeding problems, and spinal deformities.ObjectiveTo investigate these three main sequelae in nusinersen‐treated SMA1 patients.MethodsData on nusinersen‐treated SMA1 patients were prospectively collected throughout a 3‐year period, with special focus upon nonrespiratory features of the disease.ResultsTwenty nusinersen‐treated SMA1 patients were included (eight males, median age 13.5 months, interquartile range: 4–56.2 months), among whom 17 survived after 3 years of follow‐up. At follow‐up, 15 (88%) patients were diagnosed with facial weakness, hypoplasia, or deformity. All but one patient (94%) were fed invasively by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy or nasogastric tube feeding. Four patients (25%) had maintained oral feeding in parallel to gastrostomy feeding and had clinical and radiologic evidence of aspirations. Fifteen (88%) patients were diagnosed with scoliosis, of whom seven had undergone or were scheduled to undergo corrective surgery.ConclusionsNusinersen‐treated SMA1 patients may sustain facial deformities, feeding problems, and severe scoliosis, all of which affect their respiratory system. Strict surveillance of these complications is essential to avoid further respiratory morbidity.
Safety and tolerability of combination therapy with ambrisentan and tadalafil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in children: Real‐world experience
Authors: Issapour Azadeh , Frank Benjamin , Crook Sarah , Hite Michelle D. , Dorn Michelle L. , Rosenzweig Erika B. , Ivy D. Dunbar , Krishnan Usha S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the safety and tolerability of treatment with ambrisentan and tadalafil in pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH).Study DesignThis retrospective observational two‐center study included subjects (≤18 years of age) with PH receiving combination therapy with ambrisentan and tadalafil. Before initiating this therapy, many patients were on other therapies for PH. At baseline, patients either received no therapy or monotherapy with a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) or endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) (Group A), switched from a different PDE5i and ERA (Group B), or were on prostanoid therapy with or without a PDE5i and/or ERA (Group C and D). Demographics, symptoms, and adverse effects were collected. Pre‐ and postvalues for exercise capacity, hemodynamics, and biomarkers were compared.ResultsThere were 43 subjects (26 F, 17 M) ages 4–17.5 years (median 9.3) with World Symposium of PH group 1, 3, and 5. Significant improvements were seen in change scores at follow‐up in the entire sample and Group A for 6‐min walk distance: +37.0 (6.5–71.0) [p = 0.022], mean pulmonary artery pressure: −6.0 (−14.0 to −3.5) [p = .002], pulmonary vascular resistance: −1.7 (−6.2 to −1.0) [p = .003], NT‐proBNP −32.9 (−148.9 to −6.7) [p = .025]. WHO functional class improved in 39.5% and was unchanged in 53.5%; PH risk scores improved in 16%; were unchanged in 56%; and declined in 14%. Three patients discontinued therapy (two headaches, one peripheral edema). Seven patients were hospitalized for worsening disease (2/7 had a Potts shunt placed, 2/7 had an atrial septostomy). There were no deaths or lung transplantation.ConclusionsCombination therapy with ambrisentan and tadalafil was well‐tolerated, with an acceptable safety profile in a select group of children. This therapy was associated with improved exercise capacity and hemodynamics in children who were treatment naïve or on monotherapy with a PH medication before the initiation of ambrisentan and tadalafil. Based on these early data, further study of combination therapy in pediatric PH is warranted.
Synthesis and biological activity of novel hydantoin cyclohexyl sulfonamide derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents in agriculture
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Shen , Xiao Lifeng , Wan Ying , He Lu , Wang Kai , Qi Zhiqiu , Li Xinghai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant disease is one of the most serious problems in agriculture that can damage crops. Chemical fungicides are widely used to control plant diseases, but have led to resistance and a series of environmental problems. It is, therefore, necessary to develop highly effective and eco‐friendly antimicrobial compounds with novel structures.RESULTSA series of novel hydantoin cyclohexyl sulfonamide derivatives were synthesized through an intramolecular condensation reaction. The bioassay results indicated that a majority of the title compounds displayed potent inhibitory activity against Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Erwinia carotorora. The in vivo inhibition rate of compound 3h was 91.01% against B. cinerea, which was higher than that of iprodione (84.07%). Compound 3w showed excellent antifungal activity against B. cinerea with a half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 4.80 μg ml–1, which is lower than that of iprodione. Compound 3q had an EC50 value of 1.44 μg ml–1 against S. sclerotiorum, which was close to that of iprodione (1.39 μg ml–1), and the inhibition rate was also similar to that of iprodione. Compounds 3i and 3w had the best inhibition efficacy against S. sclerotiorum, both on growth of the mycelium and sclerotia and in the greenhouse pot test in vitro. Further study showed that compounds 3h, 3r and 3s have superb antibacterial activity against E. carotorora with EC50 values of 2.65, 4.24 and 4.29 μg ml–1 respectively, and were superior to streptomycin sulfate (5.96 μg ml–1).CONCLUSIONBecause of their excellent antifungal and antibacterial activity against B. cinerea, S. sclerotiorum and E. carotorora, these hydantoin cyclohexyl sulfonamide derivatives could be considered as suitable candidates for new antimicrobial agents. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Makoplasty medial unicondylar knee replacement: Correction or postoperative angle matters?
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Hung Chih‐Hung , Hsieh Shang‐Lin , Kuo Chien‐Chung , Mao Jui‐Ting , Lin Erh‐Ti , Hsu Horng‐Chaung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionVarious considerations prevail around optimal postoperative varus deformity, correction angle and physiological constitutional varus deformity. The goal of our present study was to understand correlation between these parameters and their influence over Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index scale (WOMAC).Materials and MethodsConsecutive robotic‐arm‐assisted medial onlay fixed bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in 143 knees studied. WOMAC score was recorded preoperatively and at specific intervals after surgery for consecutive 2 years.ResultsMean preoperative and postoperative varus deformities were 10.2° and 4.8°, respectively, and mean correction angle was 5.4°. The preoperative varus and correction angles were found well correlated (r = 0.815). The amount of improvement in the WOMAC total score was not influenced by the postoperative varus angle.ConclusionThe correction angle has a stronger correlation with preoperative varus deformity, and postoperative varus deformity does not imply favourable clinical outcomes.