bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Reason's sympathy” and others' ends in Kant
Authors: Vilhauer Benjamin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractKant's notion of (what I will call) rational sympathy solves a problem about how we can voluntarily fulfill our imperfect duty to adopt those ends of others which have value only because they have been set by rational agents, ends which I will refer to as merely permissible ends (MPEs). Others' MPEs are individuated in terms of their own concepts of their MPEs, and we can only adopt their MPEs in terms of their concepts, since to adopt them in terms of different concepts would be to adopt different ends. Others' concepts of their MPEs may contain marks of the first person, and should contain no marks of law apart from permissibility. Rational sympathy allows us to adopt ends individuated in terms of concepts with marks of these kinds because rational sympathy allows us to voluntarily adopt others' first‐person perspectives in imagination, and to voluntarily shape our contingent feelings so that such concepts motivate us despite their underdetermination by law.
Awakening to sleep disorders in Europe: Survey on education, knowledge and treatment competence of European residents and neurologists
Authors: Rakusa Martin , Sieminski Mariusz , Rakusa Sofia , Falup‐Pecurariu Cristian , Fronczek Rolf , Hidalgo Hildegard , Muntean Maria‐Lucia , Pijpers Angelique , Cochen De Cock Valerie , Pizza Fabio , Schmidt Markus , Schreier David R. , Baldin Elisa , Bassetti Claudio L. A. , Kallweit Ulf 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesSleep‐wake disorders are common in the general population and in most neurological disorders but are often poorly recognized. With the hypothesis that neurologists do not get sufficient training during their residency, the Young European Sleep Neurologist Association (YESNA) of the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) performed a survey on postgraduate sleep education.MethodsA 16‐item questionnaire was developed and distributed among neurologists and residents across European countries. Questions assessed demographic, training and learning preferences in sleep disorders, as well as a self‐evaluation of knowledge based on five basic multiple‐choice questions (MCQs) on sleep‐wake disorders.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 568 participants from 20 European countries. The mean age of participants was 31.9 years (SD 7.4 years) and was composed mostly of residents (73%). Three‐quarters of the participants reported undergraduate training in sleep medicine, while fewer than 60% did not receive any training on sleep disorders during their residencies. Almost half of the participants (45%) did not feel prepared to treat neurological patients with sleep problems. Only one‐third of the participants correctly answered at least three MCQs. Notably, 80% of participants favoured more education on sleep‐wake disorders during the neurology residency.ConclusionsEducation and knowledge on disorders in European neurological residents is generally insufficient, despite a strong interest in the topic. The results of our study may be useful for improving the European neurology curriculum and other postgraduate educational programmes.
Developing and user testing new pharmacy label formats—A study to inform labelling standards
Authors: Tong Vivien , Aslani Parisa , Raynor David K. , Shipp Diana , Parkinson Brian , Lalor Daniel , Sobey Andrew , Gilbert Alice , Crofton Jackie , Young Joanne , Carter Sophie , Poon Wing , Chitlangia Shrada 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDispensed prescription medicine labels (prescription labels) are important information sources supporting safe and appropriate medicines use.ObjectiveTo develop and user test patient‐centred prescription label formats.MethodsFive stages: developing 12 labels for four fictitious medicines of varying dosage forms; diagnostic user testing of labels (Round 1) with 40 consumers (each testing three labels); iterative label revision, and development of Round 2 labels (n = 7); user testing of labels (Round 2) with 20 consumers (each testing four labels); labelling recommendations. Evaluated labels stated the active ingredient and brand name, using various design features (eg upper case and bold). Dosing was expressed differently across labels: frequency of doses/day, approximate times of day (eg morning), explicit times (eg 7 to 9 AM), and/or explicit dosing interval. Participants’ ability to find and understand medicines information and plan a dosing schedule were assessed.ResultsParticipants demonstrated satisfactory ability to find and understand the dosage for all label formats. Excluding active ingredient and dosing schedule, 14/19 labels (8/12 in Round 1; 6/7 in Round 2) met industry standard on performance. Participants’ ability to correctly identify the active ingredient varied, with clear medicine name sign‐posting enabling all participants evaluating these labels to find and understand the active ingredient. When planning a dosing schedule, doses were correctly spaced if the label stated a dosing interval, or frequency of doses/day. Two‐thirds planned appropriate dosing schedules using a dosing table.ConclusionsEffective prescription label formatting and sign‐posting of active ingredient improved communication of information on labels, potentially supporting safe medicines use.Patient and Public InvolvementConsumers actively contributed to the development of dispensed prescription medicine labels. Feedback from consumers following the first round was incorporated in revisions of the labels for the next round. Patient and public involvement in this study was critical to the development of readable and understandable dispensed prescription medicine labels.
Hidradenitis suppurativa in East and Southeast Asian populations: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gotesman Ryan Daniel , Choi Charles , Alavi Afsaneh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that presents with recurrent inflammatory nodules and draining tunnels in the skin. Most HS studies have focused on Western populations, and the understanding of how HS characteristics differ in specific Asian ethnicities is poor. We conducted the first systematic review and meta‐analysis to characterize HS patients from East and Southeast Asia. PubMed, Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE databases were searched from inception to June 12, 2020. English‐language case‐series, cross‐sectional, observational, and randomized controlled trial studies investigating HS in East and Southeast Asian populations were screened by titles, abstracts, and articles in duplicate. Of 136 citations, 10 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Data on gender distribution, lesion distribution in the axilla and gluteal regions, and family history were extracted in duplicate. A random effects model was used for the meta‐analysis. A total of 30,125 HS patients were included in the analysis. Most patients were male (66%, 95% CI = 60–72%). About half of Asian patients with HS develop lesions in the axilla (52%, 95% CI = 33–72%) and the buttocks (48%, 95% CI = 38–57%). Only a small subset had positive family history of HS (5%, 95% CI = 2–8%). We report an up‐to‐date characterization of HS in East and Southeast Asian populations and highlight differences in their Western counterparts. These results will hopefully improve understanding for how HS may manifest, lead to more personalized treatments for Asian patients with HS, and usher in a proper patient‐centered approach to treating the disease.
Development of cellulose nanofibrils reinforced polyvinyl alcohol films incorporated with alizarin for intelligent food packaging
Authors: Chen Hui‐zhi , Zhang Min , Rao Zhiming 
Published: June 2021

SummaryVisual pH‐sensing films were fabricated using cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and alizarin. The relationships between the ratio of PVA: CNF hydrogel (2:1, 1:1, 1:2) and the physical properties and colour response efficiency of indicator films were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of films evidenced alizarin and CNF was properly incorporated by physical interaction. A new weak X‐ray diffraction peak appeared at 2θ = 22.4°, which was affected by the incorporation of CNF. The increase in the CNF content induced enhancements of thermal stability, tensile strength, water contact angle and colour sensitivity of the indicator films. The colourimetric films had a higher sensitivity to discolouration when exposed to acidic vapours than alkaline vapours. The films presented a remarkable colour change varied from purple in alkaline condition to yellow in acidic condition. Therefore, this colourimetric film can be used as a volatile acid sensor for intelligent packaging.
Entrepreneurship and ethnic economy employment among Chinese and Vietnamese residents of Warsaw
Authors: Bashko Aliaksei 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTImmigrant‐run businesses are playing an increasingly important role in the Polish economy. This paper focuses on the patterns of entrepreneurship and ethnic economy employment among Chinese and Vietnamese immigrants residing in the Warsaw metropolitan area (WMA). It uses microdata from a survey of Vietnamese and Chinese residents of the WMA and employs logistic regression analysis in order to assess the factors that affect the odds of entrepreneurship and ethnic economy employment among them. Subsequently, the paper analyses the impact of entrepreneurship and ethnic economy employment on the earnings of Vietnamese and Chinese citizens living in the WMA. Empirical analysis demonstrates that Vietnamese and Chinese immigrants are not pushed to become entrepreneurs by an opportunity structure that blocks alternative options and enjoy significantly higher incomes than native‐born Polish citizens. The ethnic economy becomes a temporary adjustment mechanism for newly arrived migrants but is not lucrative for longer‐term residents of these two origins.
Vasopressin: An output signal from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to prepare physiology and behaviour for the resting phase
Authors: Buijs Ruud M. , Hurtado‐Alvarado Gabriela , Soto‐Tinoco Eva 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVasopressin (VP) is an important hormone produced in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) with antidiuretic and vasoconstrictor functions in the periphery. As one of the first discovered peptide hormones, VP was also shown to act as a neurotransmitter, where VP is produced and released under the influence of various stimuli. VP is one of the core signals via which the biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), imposes its rhythm on its target structures and its production and release is influenced by the rhythm of clock genes and the light/dark cycle. This is contrasted with VP production and release from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the medial amygdala, which is influenced by gonadal hormones, as well as with VP originating from the PVN and SON, which is released in the neural lobe and central targets. The release of VP from the SCN signals the near arrival of the resting phase in rodents and prepares their physiology accordingly by down‐modulating corticosterone secretion, the reproductive cycle and locomotor activity. All these circadian variables are regulated within very narrow boundaries at a specific time of the day, where day‐to‐day variation is less than 5% at any particular hour. However, the circadian peak values can be at least ten times higher than the circadian trough values, indicating the need for an elaborate feedback system to inform the SCN and other participating nuclei about the actual levels reached during the circadian cycle. In short, the interplay between SCN circadian output and peripheral feedback to the SCN is essential for the adequate organisation of all circadian rhythms in physiology and behaviour.
Identifying Strategies for the Management of Interruptions for Novice Triage Nurses Using an Online Modified Delphi Method
Authors: Johnson Kimberly D. , Schumacher Daniel , Lee Rebecca C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeTo use the Delphi Method to identify strategies used by triage nurses to effectively manage interruptions.DesignThis study was based on the concepts of Benner’s Novice to Expert Model. An online, modified Delphi approach was used to engage triage, education, and operational management experts in generating consensus recommendations on successful strategies to address triage interruptions in the emergency department.Methods and AnalysisA panel of nine triage, education, and operational management experts were selected based on their publication and presentation history. This panel participated in three Delphi rounds, providing individual responses during each round. All responses were entered into a RedCap database, which allowed research team members to synthesize the results and return summaries to the participants. Final consensus was reached among this panel regarding recommendations for successful strategies to address triage interruptions that can be encompassed in a training module. The experts were then asked to identify the best instructional modality for teaching each of the interruption management strategies.FindingsEight strategies to mitigate the impact of interruptions were identified: (a) ensure nurses understand impact of interruptions; (b) ensure nurses understand consequences of interruptions on cognitive demands of healthcare workers that could influence behavior and lead to errors; (c) apologize to current patient before tending to interruption and give expectation of when you will return; (d) triage the interruption and decide to (i) ignore interruption, (ii) acknowledge, but delay servicing, interruption, or (iii) acknowledge and service interruption, delaying completion of interrupted task; (e) identify urgent communication as anything clinically significant that impacts the patient immediately or requires immediate intervention; (f) use focused questions to clarify whether interruption can wait; (g) redirect nonpriority interruptions; and (h) finish safety‐critical task or tasks near completion before tending to an interruption. The Delphi participants recommended the best teaching modality was simulation for six of the strategies.ConclusionsParticipants agreed that there are strategies that can be taught to novice triage nurses to mitigate the impact of interruptions. The experts in operations management, emergency nursing, and education agree that creating simulations to teach each of these strategies is an effective way to educate nurses.Clinical RelevanceInterruptions impact the quality of care provided to patients. Training nurses to prevent interruptions and mitigate the impact of interruptions when they occur has the potential to improve patient outcomes.
What's in a Name? Re‐Branding and Re‐Framing School Health Education to School Boards and Legislators as Education for Health Literacy—A Commentary
Authors: McDermott Robert J. , Vamos Sandra D. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDBranding involves “labeling” (for identification) and “meaning” (for understanding) to a product, service, person, idea, or other entity. We are familiar with “brands” of soft drinks, automobiles, mobile phones, soups, cigarettes, and sports teams, and some brands have greater “market share” than others.METHODSIn this commentary, we review some of the ways that school health has been branded over the past 50+ years.RESULTSThe brand we know as school health education has failed to compete successfully with other school subject areas (eg, the so‐called STEM subjects) for the attention of school board members, administrators, legislators, and other policymakers. Perhaps more importantly, school health education advocates have lost the market share game to subject areas that school board members and legislators see as ones with better return on investment, at least politically speaking. In short, we have failed to make the sale.CONCLUSIONAn alternative is to re‐brand and re‐frame school health education as education for health literacy. Literacy as a brand commands the attention of education gatekeepers, and may be more strongly related conceptually to what gatekeepers see as education‐centric programs deserving of funding. Adopting a marketing mindset may elevate education for health literacy to a place where key stakeholders are more likely to “purchase” it as a relevant school “product.”
Complementary feeding practices and associated factors of dietary diversity among uncomplicated severe acute malnourished children aged 6–23 months in Burkina Faso
Authors: Nikièma Victor , Fogny Nadia F. , Salpéteur Cécile , Lachat Carl , Kangas Suvi T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNutritional treatment of children with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is based on ready‐to‐use therapeutic foods (RUTF). With treatment provided at community level, children could have access to other foods, and a reduction in the dose of RUTF could further increase dietary diversity during treatment. We assessed the dietary diversity score (DDS), the minimum dietary diversity (MDD), the minimum meal frequency (MMF) and the minimum acceptable diet (MAD) of 459 infants and young children aged 6–23 months being treated for SAM with different doses of RUTF. We also investigated the factors associated with DDS. Dietary intake was estimated using a single 24‐h multipass dietary recall, 1 month after starting treatment, from December 2016 to August 2018. The DDS was calculated on the basis of eight food groups. Differences between children receiving the reduced RUTF and the standard RUTF dose and factors associated with DDS were assessed by Poisson and logistic regression models. RUTF dose was not associated with DDS (4.07 ± 1.25 for reduced RUTF and 4.01 ± 1.26 for standard RUTF;P = 0.77). Food groups most consumed by children were grains, roots or tubers (96%) and legumes and nuts (72%). Eggs consumption was low (3%). DDS was positively associated with child's age, mother's education, household wealth index, urban residence and rainy season. The present findings show that children with SAM consumed a variety of foods during treatment in addition to the RUTF ration prescribed to them. Reducing the dose of RUTF during SAM treatment did not impact DDS.
Dysphagia lusoria: utility of high‐resolution impedance manometry to identify true disease
Authors: Wellington Jennifer , Kim Joseph , Castell Donald O. , Xie Guofeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDysphagia lusoria is a rare cause of dysphagia due to impingement of the esophagus by an aberrant right subclavian artery. Although most remain asymptomatic, this aberrant vessel can lead to progressive dysphagia in childhood or even later in life as a result of arteriosclerotic burden and attenuation of esophageal compliance that led to esophageal compression. We present a 56‐year‐old man with a 3‐year history of progressively worsening dysphagia to solids and liquids and globus sensation. Videofluoroscopic swallowing study (modified barium esophagram) and barium esophagram showed delayed barium tablet transit in the upper esophagus and focal smooth narrowing of the upper esophagus caused by external compression, respectively. Computed tomography imaging demonstrated external compression of proximal esophagus from an aberrant right subclavian artery with high atherosclerotic burden. In addition, high‐resolution impedance manometry (HRiM) revealed a striking high‐pressure pulsatile vascular band in the proximal esophagus (108 mmHg) associated with poor bolus transit, demonstrating the utility of HRiM in strengthening the diagnoses of true dysphagia lusoria.
High‐resolution impedance manometry characterizes the functional role of distal colonic motility in gas transit
Authors: Heitmann Paul T. , Mohd Rosli Reizal , Maslen Lyn , Wiklendt Lukasz , Kumar Raghu , Omari Taher I. , Wattchow David , Costa Marcello , Brookes Simon J. , Dinning Phil G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe colonic motor patterns associated with gas transit are poorly understood. This study describes the application of high‐resolution impedance manometry (HRiM) in the human colon in vivo to characterize distal colonic motility and gas transit; (a) after a meal and (b) after intraluminal gas insufflation into the sigmoid colon.MethodsHRiM recordings were performed in 19 healthy volunteers, with sensors positioned from the distal descending colon to the proximal rectum. Protocol 1 (n = 10) compared pressure and impedance prior to and after a meal. Protocol 2 (n = 9) compared pressure and impedance before and after gas insufflation into the sigmoid colon (60 mL total volume).Key ResultsBoth the meal and gas insufflation resulted in an increase in the prevalence of the 2‐8/minute “cyclic motor pattern” (meal: (t(9) = −6.42, P<0.001); gas insufflation (t(8) = −3.13, P = 0.01)), and an increase in the number of antegrade and retrograde propagating impedance events (meal: Z = −2.80, P = 0.005; gas insufflation Z = −2.67, P = 0.008). Propagating impedance events temporally preceded antegrade and retrograde propagating contractions, representing a column of luminal gas being displaced ahead of a propagating contraction. Three participants reported an urge to pass flatus and/or flatus during the studies.Conclusions and InferencesInitiation of the 2‐8/minute cyclic motor pattern in the distal colon occurs both following a meal and/or as a localized sensorimotor response to gas. The near‐absence of a flatal urge and the temporal association between propagating contractions and gas transit supports the hypothesis that the 2‐8/minute cyclic motor pattern acts as a physiological “brake” modulating rectal filling.
Diagnostic utility of upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy for the diagnosis of acute graft‐versus‐host disease in children following stem cell transplantation: A 12‐year experience
Authors: Koh Phoebe , Cole Nyree , Evans Helen M. , McFarlane Jeannette , Roberts Amin J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopically obtained mucosal biopsies are the gold standard for diagnosing acute graft‐versus‐host disease of the gastrointestinal tract (GI‐GVHD). There is no consensus on the ideal endoscopic approach in children. We aimed to ascertain which gastrointestinal sites and endoscopic approaches were most helpful for diagnosing acute GVHD and whether clinical symptoms can guide the endoscopic approach.MethodA single‐center retrospective review of all pediatric stem cell transplants (SCT) between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2018. Of those with histologically diagnosed GI‐GVHD, sensitivities of individual GI sites for making the diagnosis were calculated. Clinical symptoms were compared with GI site yielding diagnosis.Results216 allogeneic SCTs were performed in 199 patients. 37 of 52 suspected GI‐GHVD cases underwent endoscopy. There was marked variability in the endoscopic approaches chosen. 82% of these cases had lower gastrointestinal symptoms. 21 cases had histologically proven GI‐GVHD. 19 (90%) of these had GVHD of non‐gastrointestinal sites; 10 (48%) had concurrent infections. The most‐sensitive GI sites were the rectosigmoid and duodenum (86% and 76%, respectively). Overall sensitivity of upper GI endoscopy (UGIE) and lower GI endoscopy (LGIE) was 86% and 90%, respectively. There was no statistically significant association between clinical symptoms and site at which histological diagnosis was obtained.ConclusionWe observed variability in the endoscopic approach used by clinicians. UGIE and sigmoidoscopy had high sensitivities for diagnosing GVHD, regardless of symptoms. LGIE had minimal additional diagnostic value. This would support a standardized approach with UGIE and sigmoidoscopy for all children with suspected GI‐GVHD.