bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le concept d’emergent-fit dans les approches méthodologiques inductives
Authors: Horincq Detournay Rosine 
Published: April 2021

Cet article aborde l’un des aspects méthodologiques centraux des approches inductives, celui de l’emergent-fit, qui est aussi l’une des propriétés principales de la recherche qualitative. Ce concept est souvent associé à l’analyse et, conséquemment, à la collecte des données au fur et à mesure de l’analyse et de l’échantillonnage théorique qui se précise. Pour la réalisation de la recherche qui est à l’origine de cet article, nous avons analysé les données qui proviennent des traces méthodologiques de nos différents projets de recherche : journal réflexif de recherche, mémos, recension d’écrits scientifiques. Nos résultats montrent que l’emergent-fitconcerne l’analyse des données, mais aussi d’autres principes de la recherche, dont la problématique provisoire qui évolue, la sensibilité théorique, l’échantillonnage théorique, la flexibilité méthodologique, l’intégration théorique ou encore la saturation théorique. L’emergent-fitest un processus qui se caractérise par de la transversalité et qui a sa propre dynamique.
Association between gonadal hormones and osteoporosis in schizophrenia patients undergoing risperidone monotherapy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Yi , Zhang Yaoyao , Fan Kaili , Xu Weiqian , Teng Chao , Wang Shuangshuang , Tang Wei , Zhu Xiaomin 
Published: April 2021

Objective
Patients with schizophrenia are at increased risk of osteoporosis. This study first determined the osteoporosis rate in patients with schizophrenia and then then explored the association between serum gonadal hormone levels and osteoporosis among these patients.

Methods
A total of 250 patients with schizophrenia and 288 healthy controls were recruited. Osteoporosis was defined by decreased bone mineral density (BMD) of the calcaneus. Serum fasting levels of gonadal hormones (prolactin, estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone) were determined. The relationship between osteoporosis and hormone levels was statistically analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis.

Results
Our results showed that patients with schizophrenia had a markedly higher rate of osteoporosis (24.4% vs. 10.1%) than healthy controls (P < 0.001). Patients with osteoporosis were older, had a longer disease course, and had a lower body mass index (BMI) than patients without osteoporosis (all P < 0.05). Regarding gonadal hormones, we found significantly higher prolactin, but lower estradiol, levels in patients with osteoporosis than in those without osteoporosis (both P < 0.05). The regression analysis revealed that PRL (OR = 1.1, 95% CI [1.08–1.15], P < 0.001) and E2 level (OR = 0.9, 95%CI [0.96–0.99], P = 0.011) were significantly associated with osteoporosis in patients with schizophrenia.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that patients with schizophrenia who are being treated with risperidone have a high rate of osteoporosis. Increased prolactin and reduced estradiol levels are significantly associated with osteoporosis.
Medical Students and the Level of Their Knowledge on Normal Flora: Results from an Electronic Questionnaire Conducted in a Private Medical School
Authors: Siagian Forman Erwin , Sunarti Lusia Sri 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: So far, study on medical student’s knowledge regarding human normal flora is not available in the internet. Normal flora is initially beneficial for their host, but what was once part of the normal flora can later become dangerous to their host, e.g become the agent of endogenous disease. The knowledge regarding normal flora is important for medical students, because it related with many aspects of their recent and future education and trainings, especially in the clinical phase. The aim of this simple cross sectional, questionnaire based study is to measure the level of knowledge regarding normal flora.
Study Design: Cross sectional, electronic questionnaire-based survey
Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia and conducted for 1 month (March 2021).
Methodology: The questionnaire is divided into two parts, the demographic section and the knowledge section that consist 20 question regarding normal flora. By using popular social media, WhatsApp™, survey conducted to all of our medical students.
Results: 628 students responded, and they were representing the class of 2014-2020, 190 male students and 438 females with mean age 20.16 years old (min. 16 and max 25). The result showed us that the level of knowledge is good and but the level of understanding regarding normal flora also gets better as they become senior students.
Conclusion: The level of knowledge of our students regarding normal flora is good, although it still needs to be improved continuously.
The association of polyvictimization with violent ideations in late adolescence and early adulthood: A longitudinal study
Authors: Eisner Manuel , Averdijk Margit , Kaiser Daniela , Murray Aja L. , Nivette Amy , Shanahan Lilly , van Gelder Jean‐Louis , Ribeaud Denis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractViolent ideations are increasingly recognized as an important psychological predictor for aggressive and violent behavior. However, little is known about the processes that contribute to violent ideations. This paper examines the extent to which polyvictimization triggers violent ideations in late adolescence and early adulthood, while also adjusting for dispositional and situational factors as well as prior violent ideations. Data came from three waves of the Zurich Project on the Social Development from Childhood into Adulthood (z‐proso; n = 1465). Full‐information maximum likelihood Tobit models were fitted to regress violent ideations experienced at ages 17 and 20 on multiple victimization experiences in the preceding 12 months while controlling for antecedent developmental risk factors and prior violent ideations. The results showed that violent ideations in late adolescence and early adulthood are influenced by violent thoughts, aggressive behavior, violent media consumption, moral neutralization of violence, and internalizing symptoms measured 2 years earlier. Experiences of polyvictimization significantly contributed to an increase in violent ideations both during late adolescence and in early adulthood. The exposure–response relationship between victimization and violent ideations did not significantly differ by sex. The findings are consistent with the notion that violent ideations are triggered by a retaliation‐linked psychological mechanism that entails playing out other directed imaginary aggressive scenarios specifically in response to experiencing intentional harm‐doing by others.
Dynamical SEI Reinforced by Open‐Architecture MOF Film with Stereoscopic Lithiophilic Sites for High‐Performance Lithium–Metal Batteries
Authors: Wu Qingping , Zheng Yongjian , Guan Xiang , Xu Jun , Cao Fahai , Li Chilin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA vulnerable solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer cannot retard Li dendrite growth, electrolyte consumption, and anode volumetric expansion, which seriously hinders the development of high‐safety Li‐metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, a dynamical SEI reinforced by an open‐architecture metal–organic framework (OA‐MOF) film characterized by elastic expansion and contraction of the volume of stereoscopic lithiophilic sites, is designed. The self‐adjustment distribution of lithiophilic sites on vertically grown Cu2(BDC)2 nanosheets enables the homogenization of Li‐ion flux, smart control of Li mass transport, and compaction of Li deposition. The trapped N, N‐dimethylformamide molecules in the open framework structure are favorable for the better wetting and dissolution effect of Li‐ions accessing to Cu2(BDC)2. Combining these advantages, the featured OA‐MOF/Cu@Li anode enables a high coulombic efficiency and low voltage hysteresis in Li||Cu cells even at an ultrahigh current density of 15 mA cm−2.
Certified rice–crayfish as an alternative farming modality in waterlogged land in the Jianghan Plain region of China
Authors: Yuan Pengli , Wang Jinping , Chen Songwen , Guo Yao , Cao Cougui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA novel rice (Oryza sativa L.)–crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) (RC) farming model that originated in areas of waterlogged land in the Jianghan Plain has rapidly developed in rice‐planting areas in recent years. However, whether RC farming can be employed as an alternative sustainable agricultural modality in waterlogged areas remains highly controversial. To that end, we conducted household surveys in Qianjiang, Jianli, and Honghu in the Chinese Province of Hubei where RC farming was first initiated in 2000. The results of this study suggest that RC farming offers a sustainable alternative to traditional rice–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (RW) and crayfish monoculture (CM) farming, as it enables farmers to fully leverage the natural ecological productivity of waterlogged rice fields. Evidence indicates that such RC farming is more sustainable than other farming practices from both an ecological and an economic perspective, and the adoption of this farming model has increased the income of local farmers by 9–48% while decreasing the use of nitrogen fertilizer, pesticides, and fishery drugs by 56, 75, and 58%, respectively. Our findings emphasize the importance of recognizing RC farming as an environmentally friendly and efficient approach to food production in the waterlogged land of Jianghan Plain.
Coupling Strategy for CO2 Valorization Integrated with Organic Synthesis by Heterogeneous Photocatalysis
Authors: Yuan Lan , Qi Ming‐Yu , Tang Zi‐Rong , Xu Yi‐Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPhotocatalytic reduction of CO2 to solar fuels and/or fine chemicals is a promising way to increase the energy supply and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the conventional reaction system for CO2 photoreduction with pure H2O or sacrificial agents usually suffers from low catalytic efficiency, poor stability, or cost‐ineffective atom economy. A recent surge of developments, in which photocatalytic CO2 valorization is integrated with selective organic synthesis into one reaction system, indicates an efficient modus operandi that enables sufficient utilization of photogenerated electrons and holes to achieve the goals for sustainable economic and social development. In this Review we discuss current advances in cooperative photoredox reaction systems that integrate CO2 valorization with organics upgrading based on heterogeneous photocatalysis. The applications and virtues of this strategy and the underlying reaction mechanisms are discussed. The ongoing challenges and prospects in this area are critically discussed.
Changing the Reactivity of Zero‐ and Mono‐Valent Germanium with a Redox Non‐Innocent Bis(silylenyl)carborane Ligand
Authors: Yao Shenglai , Kostenko Arseni , Xiong Yun , Lorent Christian , Ruzicka Ales , Driess Matthias 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUsing the chelating C,C′‐bis(silylenyl)‐ortho‐dicarborane ligand, 1,2‐(RSi)2‐1,2‐C2B10H10 [R=PhC(NtBu)2], leads to the monoatomic zero‐valent Ge complex (“germylone”) 3. The redox non‐innocent character of the carborane scaffold has a drastic influence on the reactivity of 3 towards reductants and oxidants. Reduction of 3 with one molar equivalent of potassium naphthalenide (KC10H8) causes facile oxidation of Ge0 to GeI along with a two‐electron reduction of the C2B10 cluster core and subsequent GeI‐GeI coupling to form the dianionic bis(silylene)‐supported Ge2 complex 4. In contrast, oxidation of 3 with one molar equivalent of [Cp2Fe][B{C6H3(CF3)2}4] as a one‐electron oxidant furnishes the dicationic bis(silylene)‐supported Ge2 complex 5. The Ge0 atom in 3 acts as donor towards GeCl2 to form the trinuclear mixed‐valent Ge0→GeII←Ge0 complex 6, from which dechlorination with KC10H8 affords the neutral Ge2 complex 7 as a diradical species.
Engineering a Second‐Order DNA Logic‐Gated Nanorobot to Sense and Release on Live Cell Membranes for Multiplexed Diagnosis and Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Wang Dan , Li Shenhuan , Zhao Zilong , Zhang Xiaobing , Tan Weihong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTumor biomarker‐based theranostics have achieved broad interest and success in recent years. However, single biomarker‐based recognition can cause false‐positive feedback, including the on‐target off‐tumor phenomenon, in the absence of tumor‐specific antigen. Multibiomarker‐based recognition molecules often elicit nonspecific and undesired internalization when they bind to “bystander” cells. We report a universal DNA tetrahedral scaffold (DTS) that anchors on the cell membrane to load multiple aptamers and therapeutics for precise and effective theranostics. This DNA logic‐gated nanorobot (DLGN) not only facilitates precise discrimination among five cell lines, but also triggers synergistic killing of effector aptamer‐tethered synergistic drugs (EASDs) to target cancer cells. Logic‐gated recognition integrated into aptamer‐functionalized molecular machines will prompt fast tumor profiling, in situ capture and isolation, and safe delivery of precise medicine.
Deracemization of Carbohelicenes by a Chiral Perylene Bisimide Cyclophane Template Catalyst
Authors: Weh Manuel , Rühe Jessica , Herbert Benedikt , Krause Ana‐Maria , Würthner Frank 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDeracemization describes the conversion of a racemic mixture of a chiral molecule into an enantioenriched mixture or an enantiopure compound without structural modifications. Herein, we report an inherently chiral perylene bisimide (PBI) cyclophane whose chiral pocket is capable of transforming a racemic mixture of [5]‐helicene into an enantioenriched mixture with an enantiomeric excess of 66 %. UV/Vis and fluorescence titration studies reveal this cyclophane host composed of two helically twisted PBI dyes has high binding affinities for the respective homochiral carbohelicene guests, with outstanding binding constants of up to 3.9×1010 m−1 for [4]‐helicene. 2D NMR studies and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis demonstrate that the observed strong and enantioselective binding of homochiral carbohelicenes and the successful template‐catalyzed deracemization of [5]‐helicene can be explained by the enzyme‐like perfect shape complementarity of the macrocyclic supramolecular host.
The Hole‐Tunneling Heterojunction of Hematite‐Based Photoanodes Accelerates Photosynthetic Reaction
Authors: Zhang Hongwen , Zhang Pu , Zhao Jiwu , Liu Yuan , Huang Yi , Huang Haowei , Yang Chen , Zhao Yibo , Wu Kaifeng , Fu Xianliang , Jin Shengye , Hou Yidong , Ding Zhengxin , Yuan Rusheng , Roeffaers Maarten B. J. , Zhong Shuncong , Long Jinlin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSingle‐atom metal‐insulator‐semiconductor (SMIS) heterojunctions based on Sn‐doped Fe2O3 nanorods (SF NRs) were designed by combining atomic deposition of an Al2O3 overlayer with chemical grafting of a RuOx hole‐collector for efficient CO2‐to‐syngas conversion. The RuOx‐Al2O3‐SF photoanode with a 3.0 nm thick Al2O3 overlayer gave a >5‐fold‐enhanced IPCE value of 52.0 % under 370 nm light irradiation at 1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl, compared to the bare SF NRs. The dielectric field mediated the charge dynamics at the Al2O3/SF NRs interface. Accumulation of long‐lived holes on the surface of the SF NRs photoabsorber aids fast tunneling transfer of hot holes to single‐atom RuOx species, accelerating the O2‐evolving reaction kinetics. The maximal CO‐evolution rate of 265.3 mmol g−1 h−1 was achieved by integration of double SIMS‐3 photoanodes with a single‐atom Ni‐doped graphene CO2‐reduction‐catalyst cathode; an overall quantum efficiency of 5.7 % was recorded under 450 nm light irradiation.
Structural and Mechanistic Insights into C−S Bond Formation in Gliotoxin
Authors: Scherlach Kirstin , Kuttenlochner Wolfgang , Scharf Daniel H. , Brakhage Axel A. , Hertweck Christian , Groll Michael , Huber Eva M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlutathione‐S‐transferases (GSTs) usually detoxify xenobiotics. The human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus however uses the exceptional GST GliG to incorporate two sulfur atoms into its virulence factor gliotoxin. Because these sulfurs are essential for biological activity, glutathionylation is a key step of gliotoxin biosynthesis. Yet, the mechanism of carbon−sulfur linkage formation from a bis‐hydroxylated precursor is unresolved. Here, we report structures of GliG with glutathione (GSH) and its reaction product cyclo[‐l‐Phe‐l‐Ser]‐bis‐glutathione, which has been purified from a genetically modified A. fumigatus strain. The structures argue for stepwise processing of first the Phe and second the Ser moiety. Enzyme‐mediated dehydration of the substrate activates GSH and a helix dipole stabilizes the resulting anion via a water molecule for the nucleophilic attack. Activity assays with mutants validate the interactions of GliG with the ligands and enrich our knowledge about enzymatic C−S bond formation in gliotoxin and epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) natural compounds in general.
Ultralong‐Range Polariton‐Assisted Energy Transfer in Organic Microcavities
Authors: Georgiou Kyriacos , Jayaprakash Rahul , Othonos Andreas , Lidzey David G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNon‐radiative energy transfer between spatially‐separated molecules in a microcavity can occur when an excitonic state on both molecules are strongly‐coupled to the same optical mode, forming so‐called “hybrid” polaritons. Such energy transfer has previously been explored when thin‐films of different molecules are relatively closely spaced (≈100 nm). In this manuscript, we explore strong‐coupled microcavities in which thin‐films of two J‐aggregated molecular dyes were separated by a spacer layer having a thickness of up to 2 μm. Here, strong light‐matter coupling and hybridisation between the excitonic transition is identified using white‐light reflectivity and photoluminescence emission. We use steady‐state spectroscopy to demonstrate polariton‐mediated energy transfer between such coupled states over “mesoscopic distances”, with this process being enhanced compared to non‐cavity control structures.
Organic Moiety‐Regulated Photocatalytic Performance of Phosphomolybdate Hybrids for Hexavalent Chromium Reduction
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Qi , Hou Lin , Bi Hao‐Xue , Fang Xiao‐Xue , Ma Yuan‐Yuan , Han Zhan‐Gang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVisible‐light‐driven photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction is a promising pathway to moderate environmental pollution, in which the development of photocatalysts is pivotal. Herein, three hourglass‐type phosphomolybdate‐based hybrids with the formula of: (H2bpe)3[Zn(H2PO4)][Zn(bpe)(H2O)2]H{Zn[P4Mo6O31H6]2} ⋅ 6H2O (1) Na6[H2bz]2[ZnNa4(H2O)5]{Zn [P4Mo6O31H3]2} ⋅ 2H2O (2) and (H2mbpy) {[Zn(mbpy)(H2O)]2[Zn(H2O)]2}{Zn[P4Mo6O31H6]2} ⋅ 10H2O (3) (bpe=trans‐1,2‐bi(4‐pyridyl)‐ethylene; bz=4,4′‐diaminobiphenyl; mbpy=4,4’‐dimethyl‐2,2’bipyridine) were synthesized under the guidance of the functional organic moiety modification strategy. Structural analysis showed that hybrids 1–3 have similar 2D layer‐like spatial arrangements constructed by {Zn[P4Mo6]2} clusters and organic components with different conjugated degree. With excellent redox properties and wide visible‐light absorption capacities, hybrids 1–3 display favourable photocatalytic activity for Cr(VI) reduction with 79%, 70% and 64% reduction rates, which are superior to that of only inorganic {Zn[P4Mo6]2} itself (21%). The investigation of organic components on photocatalytic performance of hybrids 1–3 suggested that the organic counter cations (bpe, bz and mbpy) can effectively affect the visible‐light absorption, as well as the recombination of photogenerated carriers stemmed from {Zn[P4Mo6]2} clusters, further promoting their photocatalytic performances towards Cr(VI) reduction. This work provides an experimental basis for the design of functionalized photocatalysts via the modification of organic species.
On optimal maintenance of degrading multistate systems with state‐dependent cost of repair
Authors: Finkelstein Maxim , Eryilmaz Serkan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article considers an optimal maintenance policy for the multistate systems with the finite number of states. Each state is described by its level of performance ranging from the perfect one to the zero level for the state of failure. Moreover, we assume that the cost of preventive maintenance (PM; i.e., repair/rejuvenation in our case) also depends on the state of a system. Based on the proposed policy, the expected cost per unit of time is defined and the conditions for the existence of the unique and finite PM time are obtained in terms of dynamic reliability characteristics of the system. The results are applied to the three‐state Markovian system and a parallel system with n components. The latter is also discussed for the case of the positively dependent components.
The prevalence of the azygos lobe: A meta‐analysis of 1,033,083 subjects
Authors: Yurasakpong Laphatrada , Yammine Kaissar , Limpanuparb Taweetham , Janta Sirorat , Chaiyamoon Arada , Kruepunga Nutmethee , Meemon Krai , Suwannakhan Athikhun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe azygos lobe (AL) is an accessory lobe of the right lung with prevalence between 0.4 and 1.2%. The aim of the present review is to provide a better estimate of the frequency of the AL and to examine its relationships with other variables such as population, diagnostic methods, and co‐occurring illnesses. Studies published between 1899 and October 2020 were searched through three electronic databases; Google Scholar, PubMed, and JSTOR. Titles, abstracts, and full texts of the retrieved entries were screened to determine their appropriateness for inclusion. A total of 88 studies relating to 1,033,083 subjects met the inclusion criteria. A random‐effects meta‐analysis yielded an overall prevalence of 0.30% (95% CI: 0.0024–0.0035, I2 = 97.9%). Linear regression and subgroup analysis revealed a negative correlation (ρ = −0.540, p <0.001) between AL prevalence and sample size; studies with smaller sample sizes had higher prevalences. The AL prevalence in individuals with congenital pulmonary defects, 5.2% (95% CI: 0.0018–0.0086, I2 = 0%), was 17 times higher than the overall prevalence (z = 6.65, p <0.001), suggesting associations with other abnormalities and possibly a genetic predisposition. In addition to an evidence‐based synthesis of AL prevalence, this study demonstrates publication bias and small‐study effects in the anatomy literature. Awareness of the AL is crucial for radiologists when they interpret unusual radiological findings and for surgeons when they operate in the region.