bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPEAD 1.0 – Simulating Plankton Evolution with Adaptive Dynamics in a two-trait continuous fitness landscape applied to the Sargasso Sea
Authors: Le Gland Guillaume , Vallina Sergio M. , Smith S. Lan , Cermeño Pedro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Diversity plays a key role in the adaptive capacity of marine ecosystems to environmental changes.
However, modelling the adaptive dynamics of phytoplankton traits remains challenging due to the competitive exclusion of sub-optimal phenotypes and the complexity of evolutionary processes leading to optimal phenotypes.
Trait diffusion (TD) is a recently developed approach to sustain diversity in plankton models by introducing mutations, therefore allowing the adaptive evolution of functional traits to occur at ecological timescales. In this study, we present a model called Simulating Plankton Evolution with Adaptive Dynamics (SPEAD) that resolves the eco-evolutionary processes of a multi-trait plankton community. The SPEAD model can be used to evaluate plankton adaptation to environmental changes at different timescales or address ecological issues affected by adaptive evolution. Phytoplankton phenotypes in SPEAD are characterized by two traits, the nitrogen half-saturation constant and optimal temperature, which can mutate at each generation using the TD mechanism.
SPEAD does not resolve the different phenotypes as discrete entities, instead computing six aggregate properties: total phytoplankton biomass, the mean value of each trait, trait variances, and the inter-trait covariance of a single population in a continuous trait space. Therefore, SPEAD resolves the dynamics of the population's continuous trait distribution by solving its statistical moments, wherein the variances of trait values represent the diversity of ecotypes. The ecological model is coupled to a vertically resolved (1D) physical environment, and therefore the adaptive dynamics of the simulated phytoplankton population are driven by seasonal variations in vertical mixing, nutrient concentration, water temperature, and solar irradiance. The simulated bulk properties are validated by observations from Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Studies (BATS) in the Sargasso Sea.
We find that moderate mutation rates sustain trait diversity at decadal timescales and soften the almost total inter-trait correlation induced by the environment alone, without reducing the annual primary production or promoting permanently maladapted phenotypes, as occur with high mutation rates. As a way to evaluate the performance of the continuous trait approximation, we also compare the solutions of SPEAD to the solutions of a classical discrete entities approach, with both approaches including TD as a mechanism to sustain trait variance. We only find minor discrepancies between the continuous model SPEAD and the discrete model, with the computational cost of SPEAD being lower by 2 orders of magnitude. Therefore, SPEAD should be an ideal eco-evolutionary plankton model to be coupled to a general circulation model (GCM) of the global ocean.
Mapping and evaluating kinematics and the stress and strain field at active faults and fissures: a comparison between field and drone data at the NE rift, Mt Etna (Italy)
Authors: Tibaldi Alessandro , Corti Noemi , De Beni Emanuela , Bonali Fabio Luca , Falsaperla Susanna , Langer Horst , Neri Marco , Cantarero Massimo , Reitano Danilo , Fallati Luca 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. We collected drone data to quantify the kinematics at extensional fractures
and normal faults, integrated this information with seismological data to
reconstruct the stress field, and critically compared the results with
previous fieldwork to assess the best practice. As a key site, we analyzed a
sector of the northeast rift of Mt Etna, an area affected by continuous
ground deformation linked to gravity sliding of the volcano's eastern flank
and dike injections. The studied sector is characterized also by the
existence of eruptive craters and fissures and lava flows. This work shows
that this rift segment is affected by a series of NNE- to NE-striking,
parallel extensional fractures characterized by an opening mode along an
average N105.7∘ vector. The stress field is characterized by a
σHmin trending northwest–southeast. Normal faults strike parallel to the
extensional fractures. The extensional strain obtained by cumulating the net
offset at extensional fractures with the fault heave gives a stretching
ratio of 1.003 in the northeastern part of the study area and 1.005 in the
southwestern part. Given a maximum age of 1614 CE for the offset lavas,
we obtained an extension rate of 1.9 cm yr−1 for the last 406 years. This value
is consistent with the slip along the Pernicana Fault system, confirming
that the NE rift structures accommodate the sliding of the eastern flank of the volcano.
Analisis Tingkat Selektifitas Jaring Rajungan di Perairan Kabupaten Pangkep
Authors: Adam Adam , A. Ghaffar Mukhlisa 
Published: April 2021

Salah satu upaya mewujudkan kegiatan perikanan yang bertanggung jawab adalah melalui penerapan teknologi yang ramah lingkungan. Kriteria ramah lingkungan dalam teknologi penangkapan, diantaranya adalah alat tangkap yang digunakan selektif terhadap target species baik jenis maupun ukurannya (Monintja dan Yusfiandayani, 2001). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tingkat selektifitas unit penangkapan jaring rajungan di perairan Kabupaten Pangkep berdasarkan jenis hasil tangkapan, komposisi ukuan rajungan yang tertangkap dan penanganan hasil tangkapan oleh nelayan. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah ukuran rajungan yang diukur dengan menggunakan mistar geser (mm). Berat rajungan diukur dengan menggunakan timbangan elektrik (gram). Penentuan unit penangkapan jaring insang tetap yang digunakan dilakukan secara purposive. Alat tangkap yang digunakan merupakan alat tangkap yang biasa digunakan oleh nelayan setempat tanpa diberikan perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Jumlah hasil tangkapan jaring insang tetap yang di gunakan selama penelitian adalah 142 ekor, dengan komposisi jenis sebanyak 6 spesies. Rajungan sebagai target utama hasil tangkapan jaring rajungan memberikan proporsi sebesar 55,6% dari total hasil tangkapan. Hal ini berarti bahwa proporsi hasil tangkapan sampingan relatif lebih rendah yaitu 44,4% (di bawah 60%). Dari hasil tersebut, menunjukkan bahwa jaring rajungan yang digunakan selama penelitian memiliki tingkat selektifitas terhadap hasil tangkapan yang cukup baik. Distribusi ukuran rajungan yang tertangkap baik betina maupun jantan menggambarkan adanya ukuran yang sangat beragam. Untuk ukuran lebar karapas rajungan betina dan jantan sebesar 37,5% dan 36%. Ukuran panjang karapas betina dan jantan sebesar 37,5% dan 32 %, dan Ukuran berat masing-masing sebesar 25% untuk betina dan 26 % untuk jantan. Dari hasil tersebut, sangat sulit untuk menentukan selektivitas jaring rajungan yang digunakan terhadap ukuran hasil tangkapan. Hal ini, mengingat rajungan yang tertangkap secara terpuntal. Rajungan yang tertangkap selama penelitian semuanya berada pada ukuran kedewasaan, baik rajungan betina maupun jantan. Sedangkan untuk ukuran layak tangkap 90 % untuk rajungan jantan dan 95% rajungan betina. Berdasarkan penanganan hasil tangkapan yang dilakukan oleh nelayan termasuk dalam kategori selektif karena jumlah biota yang berpeluang hidup sebesar 75%. (lebih besar dari 60%).
A memória e o espaço ficcional em Os que bebem como os cães, de Assis Brasil
Authors: Carvalho Ederson Dias de , Costa Margareth Torres de Alencar 
Published: April 2021

RESUMO13;
A presente pesquisa objetiva analisar a ligação existente entre memória e espaço ficcional, considerando a obra Os que bebem como os cães, do escritor piauiense Assis Brasil. É sabido que o texto literário recorre muitas vezes à memória e ao espaço para a construção dos seus enredos. Diante desse fato, é importante que o leitor perceba que essa recorrência não se dá de forma despretensiosa por parte do autor, ou seja, há sempre um bom motivo, explícito ou não, para a presença desses elementos dentro da obra. Assim, esses aspectos caracterizados do espaço devem ser cuidadosamente considerados ao se deparar com o texto ficcional, pois, do contrário, eles poderão se apresentar como elementos limitadores no que se refere à realização de uma competente análise literária. Não obstante, tais elementos espaciais funcionam em vários momentos da citada obra como gatilhos que acionam o surgimento de imagens advindas da memória.
PALAVRAS - CHAVE: Espaço ficcional; Memória; Os que bebem como os cães
Nurses’ perceptions related to impaired nurses and knowledge of substance use disorder within the nursing profession
Authors: Pecoraro Rhonda K. , Prude Susan B. , Calamia Dari K. , Creel Eileen L. 
Published: April 2021

Objective: Substance Use Disorder continues to be a problem within the nursing profession. Studies have been conducted to examine various aspects of Substance Use Disorder. Although programs have been implemented to help rather than punish nurses, knowledge barriers that affect reporting still exist. The purpose of this study was to examine nurses’ perceptions of impaired nurses, perceptions of reporting an impaired nurse, and perceptions of knowledge regarding Substance Use Disorder within the nursing profession.Methods: A mixed-method descriptive study was conducted using the Perception of Nursing Impairment Inventory tool, as well as three open-ended questions. Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional Model of stress and coping was used to guide the study and nurses from one state’s nurses’ association in the southeastern region of the United States participated.Results: Based on quantitative findings, most disagreed with the statement there is little that can be done to help impaired nurses and agreed that nurses have an ethical obligation to report if impairment is suspected. Conflicting views were identified for multiple statements on the Perception of Nursing Impairment Inventory. The qualitative findings revealed average or below average knowledge of SUD and identified barriers that may affect reporting. Further, a culture surrounding the ethical dilemma of reporting was evident.Conclusions: Educational gaps exist between recognizing and reporting the problem of Substance Use Disorder. Although nurses acknowledge an obligation to report, many barriers to reporting were identified. Recommendations were made for additional qualitative research related to nursing education including conflicted feelings about doing what is “right.”
Staatsrecht
Authors: van Rijn A.B. 
Published: April 2021

Staatsrecht
Dit artikel behandelt de algemene staatsrechtelijke ontwikkeling in de Caribische delen van het Koninkrijk sinds de opheffing van Nederlandse Antillen, de moeizame interactie tussen politiek en de rule of law en de bijbehorende spanningen in die periode, de strubbelingen rond het parlementair stelsel in Curaçao en Sint Maarten en de groeiende bemoeienis vanuit Nederland met de Caribische entiteiten. Ook worden enkele highlights in de wetgeving en de rechtspraak besproken.
Erfrecht onder Caribische vlag
Authors: van der Burght G. 
Published: April 2021

Erfrecht onder Caribische vlag
Het Caribisch erfrecht versterkt de positie van de langstlevende echtgenoot. Als erfgenaam naast uitsluitend gemeenschappelijke kinderen, verkrijgt hij alle goederen en de kinderen vorderingen op hem. De beperking tot ‘uitsluitend gemeenschappelijke kinderen’ verdient kritiek: juist bij ‘buitenkinderen’ moet de langstlevende gaan onderhandelen alhoewel hem onder omstandigheden afdwingbare rechten toekomen. Afschaffing van de legitieme portie geeft de erflater meer beschikkingsruimte en boedelafwikkelaars minder kopzorgen, terwijl samenlevers soms rechten kunnen claimen. Golddiggers zijn gewaarschuwd: een kortdurend huwelijk levert hem niets op! Tenslotte neemt het Caribische erfrecht met zijn soepele termijnen afscheid van Hollandse starheid.
Boek 6 BW. Algemeen gedeelte van het verbintenissenrecht en verbintenissen uit overeenkomst
Authors: Klik P. 
Published: April 2021

Boek 6 BW. Algemeen gedeelte van het verbintenissenrecht en verbintenissen uit overeenkomst
In deze bijlage wordt een overzicht gegeven van de ontwikkelingen ten aanzien van het algemeen gedeelte van het verbintenissenrecht en verbintenissen uit overeenkomst, zoals geregeld in Boek 6 BW. In de kroniek komt vooral de jurisprudentie aan bod. Onderwerpen die aan de orde komen zijn verzuim, klachtplicht, schade, algemene voorwaarden, afgebroken onderhandelingen, uitleg van overeenkomsten en kwalitatieve verplichtingen (‘welstandsbepalingen’). Verder is er aandacht voor wetgeving, met name onderwerpen waarbij in Nederland nieuwe wetgeving is geïntroduceerd (incassokosten, wettelijke rente bij handelstransacties, elektronisch rechtsverkeer, implementatie van de Richtlijn consumentenrechten, wijziging regeling algemene voorwaarden).
Boek 6 BW. De verbintenis uit de wet
Authors: Klik P. 
Published: April 2021

Boek 6 BW. De verbintenis uit de wet
In deze bijlage wordt een overzicht gegeven van de ontwikkelingen ten aanzien van de verbintenis uit de wet, zoals geregeld in Boek 6 BW. De jurisprudentie over onrechtmatige daad staat centraal. Onderwerpen die aan de orde komen zijn gevaarzetting en eigen schuld, recht op eerbiediging van de goede naam en het recht op privacy, kwalitatieve aansprakelijkheden, beroepsaansprakelijkheid, bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid (en ‘vereenzelviging’, misbruik van rechtspersonen, benadeling crediteuren), misbruik van wanprestatie. In een kort intermezzo wordt de in Nederland ingevoerde wetgeving voor vergoeding van ‘affectieschade’ gesignaleerd. De bespreking van de ‘overige’ verbintenissen uit de wet beperkt zich tot ongerechtvaardigde verrijking.
BUSINESS MODEL CHANGE OF PRINTED NEWSPAPERS IN THE INTERNET AGE: THE NEW YORK TIMES CASE
Authors: Lopes Humberto Elias Garcia , Watté Bruno Henrique , Gosling Marlusa Sevilha 
Published: April 2021

A internet tem provocado mudanças significativas no consumo de notícias. As empresas jornalísticas mantêm sua audiência, mas não conseguem sustentar sua receita publicitária. Isso exige mudanças no modelo de negócios dos jornais, sendo que o modelo de negócio baseado no paywallporoso, adotado pelo jornal New York Times, tem sido usado em todo o mundo. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o modelo desse jornal norte-americano, identificando as razões de seu sucesso inicial e a viabilidade de sua replicação para outros jornais. A análise documental foi baseada nos relatórios anuais aos investidores publicados entre 2003 e 2012, em reportagens de jornais e revistas especializadas e em entrevistas com especialistas brasileiros. A partir disso, mapeou-se a sequência de movimentos estratégicos para a implantação desse modelo de negócio. Os resultados indicaram que outros jornais devem evitar adotar o modelo de negócio centrado no paywallporoso apenas para imitar o New York Times.
O LADO SOMBRIO DA FORÇA: A MÁ LIDERANÇA E SUAS CONSEQUÊNCIAS PARA OS INDIVÍDUOS E AS ORGANIZAÇÕES
Authors: Abelha Daniel Martins , Cavazotte Flavia Souza Costa Neves , Niemeyer Jeane Rodrigues Lucena , Villas Boas Otacílio Torres 
Published: April 2021

As perspectivas teóricas no campo de estudos sobre a liderança têm se concentrado em discutir como líderes devem ser e agir para mobilizar realizações coletivas. No entanto, na prática, muitos indivíduos carecem desses atributos e, dadas suas limitações e vícios, alguns sequer deveriam estar em posições de liderança. A pesquisa sobre a origem, ascensão e impactos das lideranças tóxicas nas empresas é ainda incipiente, particularmente no Brasil. Contribuindo para a compreensão desse fenômeno, esta pesquisa investigou a má liderança no ambiente corporativo brasileiro, a partir das experiências vivenciadas por 35 profissionais de diferentes setores e áreas de atuação. Com base nesses relatos e na aplicação da análise de conteúdo, foram derivados seis tipos de maus lideres: incompetente, omisso, inconsistente, rígido, abusivo e desleal. O estudo analisou as principais consequências da má liderança para os liderados, as equipes e as organizações, bem como as estratégias de reação mais frequentemente adotadas. O artigo discute as implicações teóricas e práticas dessas observações, apresentando uma agenda para pesquisas futuras.
Ethical Considerations for Global Pediatric Cardiac Surgical Assistance Programs
Authors: M. Novick William 
Published: April 2021

Global health initiatives have expanded over the last 25 years and are no longer based solely on improving public health issues like clean water and childhood vaccination programs. Global healthcare assistance has grown into programs that provide specialty services and education today. Cardiovascular diseases are causing more deaths today in low and middle-income countries today as infectious diseases cease to be the number one cause of mortality in many of these countries. Growth in cardiovascular assistance has been substantial during the last 25 years and especially in the area of pediatric cardiac care. We discuss the ethical issues that can be found when visitors assist countries with different cultural values. The success of program development depends on navigating the ethical issues such that all stakeholders are satisfied with the project and the end result. The foundation of program development should be based upon medical ethics that are sensitive to cultural differences so that a capable sustainable program is developed upon completion.
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Yuan Kuo-Ching , Fu Chih-Yuan , Huang Hung-Chang 
Published: April 2021

Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a progressively increasing intraabdominal pressure of more than 20 mm Hg with new-onset thoracoabdominal organ dysfunction. Primary abdominal compartment syndrome means increased pressure due to injury or disease in the abdominopelvic region. Secondary abdominal compartment syndrome means disease originating from outside the abdomen, such as significant burns or sepsis. As the pressure inside the abdomen increases, organ failure occurs, and the kidneys and lungs are the most frequently affected. Managements of ACS are multidisciplinary. Conservative treatment with adequate volume supple and with aggressive hemodynamic support is the first step. Decompressive laparotomy with open abdomen is indicated when ACS is refractory to conservative treatment and complicated with multiple organ failure. ACS can result in a high mortality rate, and successful treatment requires cooperation between physicians, intensivists, and surgeons.
Nd:YAG Laser in the Treatment of Nail Psoriasis: Clinical and Dermoscopic Assessment
Authors: Hesham Ali Elwan Yasmin , Azim Amira , Starace Michela , Shawky Abd Elhafiz Hala 
Published: April 2021

Background: The Nd:YAG laser has emerged as a promising modality for the management of nail psoriasis owing to its ability for deep penetration of the skin surface, which has the advantage of destroying deep vessels.
Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of Nd:YAG laser in treating nail psoriasis.
Methods: The present study was a randomized controlled study, conducted on 20 patients of both sexes (age older than 12 years) with mild to moderate psoriasis with nail involvement. We utilized facial telangiectasia parameters of Nd:YAG laser and beam diameter of 2.5 mm. Laser energy started with 110 J/cm2 in the first session and 130 J/cm2 in the rest of the sessions. Sessions were performed once monthly for up to 6 sessions.
Results: We found no statistically significant difference in total Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) and nail bed scores before and after treatment among the treated group. However, there was statistically significant improvement in nail matrix score after treatment. On the other hand, the control group did not show any statistically significant changes for all scores throughout the study, except for the nail matrix score mean difference (0.35 ± 1.23 vs -1.00 ± 1.86 in the treated group). The degree of dermoscopic improvement was evident in the treated group (45% vs 25% in the control group). However, it was not statistically significant because of small sample size. The patients’ satisfaction and the external investigator’s assessment showed statistically significant negative correlation with total NAPSI mean difference in the treated group.
Conclusion: The role of Nd:YAG laser in nail psoriasis is still controversial.
Unravelling the Potamonautes lirrangensis (Rathbun, 1904) species complex (Potamoidea: Potamonautidae), with the description of two new species
Authors: Cumberlidge Neil , Johnson Emily , Clark Paul F. , Genner Martin J. 
Published: April 2021

The taxonomic status of the widely distributed freshwater crab Potamonautes lirrangensis (Rathbun, 1904) sensu lato is revised because morphological and molecular evidence indicates that this taxon is a complex comprising more than one species. Four taxa are now recognized: Potamonautes lirrangensis (Rathbun, 1904) s. str. and P. kisangani sp. nov. from the Middle Congo River in Central Africa, P. amosae sp. nov. from the drainages of Lakes Kivu and Tanganyika, and P. orbitospinus (Cunnington, 1907) from Lake Malawi which had been previously synonymised with P. lirrangensis s. lat. Diagnoses, illustrations and distribution maps are provided for each of these taxa and they are compared to similar species from Central and Southern Africa.
Ériger des cimetières, construire l’identité
Authors: Natali Cristiana 
Published: April 2021

Au début des années 1990, dans un Sri Lanka ravagé par la guerre civile, les Tigres de la Libération du Tamil Eelam (TLTE) ont modifié de manière significative les pratiques funéraires réservées à leurs combattants. À partir de cette période, les cadavres des combattants Tigres, jusque-là incinérés selon la tradition hindoue, ont commencé à être confiés à la terre. Ce changement a mené à l’établissement de cimetières Tigres (Tuillum Illam, littéralement « maison du sommeil »). Cet article traite des raisons qui ont fait desTuillum Illamdes lieux privilégiés pour le développement de la nouvelle identité nationale tamoule.
Tatouages, perçages et autres modifications corporelles
Authors: Thériault Jocelyne 
Published: April 2021

Dans cet article, il est question des pratiques de modifications corporelles, comme le tatouage et le perçage, chez les adolescents. L’argumentation proposée est la suivante : dans nos sociétés modernes, l’absence de repères (psychologique et sexuel) propres à l’adolescence se double de l’absence de repères sociaux en général. Le marquage corporel apparaît ainsi comme un moyen privilégié de sacralisation du corps et d’affirmation de l’individualité.
Le droit de ne pas souffrir
Authors: Plourde Simone 
Published: April 2021

La solitude de l’être se manifeste tout particulièrement dans le travail, la peine, la souffrance, que le philosophe Emmanuel Levinas rattache à l’engagement de toute personne dans l’existence. Peut-on rêver que la science et la technologie en arrivent à éliminer la souffrance, voire la mort ? Cet article pose la question. Il tente de distinguer souffrance et douleur, développe des considérations sur le rôle et les conséquences de la douleur, sur la revendication de l’individu qui réclame le droit d’être soulagé quand il souffre et sur l’éthique de la compassion.