bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research of the damage accumulation and destruction processes of perforated composite plates
Authors: Strungar E M , Feklistova E V , Wildemann V E , Lobanov D S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The main purpose of the research is to comprehensively study the regularities of deformation processes damage accumulation and destruction of modern composite materials in stress concentration zones. The object of research is fiberglass samples with four round holes. As a result of experimental studies loading diagrams were obtained for samples with different length of the working area. The paper presents graphs of the load dependence on the longitudinal deformation. According to the data obtained it can be noted that the longer the length of the working area of the sample the earlier the failure occurs. The deformation was obtained using the optional Vic-3D “virtual extensometer” non-contact optical video system. In the experiments process curves of longitudinal deformations were plotted. From these data it is possible to estimate the maximum longitudinal deformations occurring near the hole. Also in the work numerical modeling of the process of deformation and destruction of perforated plates was carried out in the software engineering complex Ansys. The calculated data obtained confirm the experimental results of the research.
Modeling the structure of the TiO2(rutile)/SrTiO3 heterointerface
Authors: Tikhonov S A , Zavjalov A P , Kosyanov D Yu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The structure of the TiO2(rutile)/SrTiO3 interface is modeled using the density functional theory method. Based on calculations, the most stable structure of the heterointerface is determined, for which there are noticeable differences in the structure of the bordering TiO2 and SrTiO3 layers. This determines mainly the ionic nature of interfacial bonding and the metallic nature of the interface, which can contribute to an increase in the number of charge carriers and the formation of a 2D electron gas. In addition, oxygen vacancies and under-coordinated O and Ti atoms are observed on the bordering TiO2 layer, indicating excess energy of the heterointerface. The results obtained serve as a basis for using theoretical methods to evaluate the effect of dopants on the thermoelectric properties of TiO2–SrTiO3 biphasic ceramics.
Structure, morphology and mechanical properties of arrays of zirconia nanofibers at different heat treatment modes
Authors: Tyurin A I , Rodaev V V , Korenkov V V , Razlivalova S S , Zhigachev A O , Vasyukov V M , Pirozhkova T S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mats of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia nanofibers were prepared in the present research. The effect of the mats calcination temperatures (600, 900, and 1200 °C) on their structure and morphology was investigated. It was found that phase composition of the fibers did not change in all range of the calcination temperatures, while the average grain size in fiber increased from 8 to 39 nm. Multi-cyclic and single loading-unloading nanoindentation testing of the ceramic mats showed that the hysteresis loop energy in samples decreases with higher calcination temperature. Hardness and the elastic modulus measured by spherical (with 10 and 250 μm radii) and sharp Berkovich indenters were the highest in the mats calcined at 900 °C. This calcination temperature can be considered an optimal one for preparation of nanofibers mats which mechanical properties are of importance for their application.
Vis-NIR photodetector with microsecond response enabled by 2D bismuth/Si(111) heterojunction
Authors: Dang Zhaoying , Wang Wenhui , Chen Jiayi , Walker Emily S , Bank Seth R , Akinwande Deji , Ni Zhenhua , Tao Li 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Atomic sheets of bismuth (Bi) have been expected to yield exotic optoelectronic properties, holding great promise for photodetector devices. However, existing Bi thin film photodetectors have limited performance in terms of photoresponsivity or response time, hindering its practical application. Herein, we report an experimental research progress on optoelectronic properties of epitaxial 2D Bi grown on Si(111) substrate. Our 2D Bi/Si(111) heterolayer exhibits inspiring photodetection performance, including a Vis-NIR broadband response with a responsivity up to 80 A W−1 and response time ∼3 μs, which is attributed to promoted generation and transportation of charge carriers in the heterojunction. 2D Bi/Si(111) here also demonstrates stable and reproducible photo switching behavior. This work paves an avenue to develop photodetectors based on heterointerface between group VA Xene and Si(111) with rapid switching behavior and adequate photoresponsivity.
Effective fabrication of zinc-oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using Achyranthes aspera leaf extract and their potent biological activities against the bacterial poultry pathogens
Authors: Saeed Shagufta , Nawaz Sadia , Nisar Aneesa , Mehmood Tahir , Tayyab Muhammed , Nawaz Muhammad , Firyal Sehrish , Bilal Muhammad , Mohyuddin Ayesha , Ullah Azmat 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nanotechnology is one of the most significant area of research worldwide because of its tremendous applications linked to the high surface area to volume ratio, improved pharmacokinetic profile and targeted drug delivery. In the current study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized from Achyranthes aspera leaf extract, characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, FTIR, AFM and evaluated for antibacterial efficacy against poultry pathogenic bacterial strains. UV-visible absorption peak was found at 370 nm. XRD showed hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO NPs while SEM results indicated an average size less than 100 nm with a minimum and maximum size of 28.63 and 61.42 nm, respectively. Further analysis of synthesized nanoparticles by FTIR showed stretching frequency at 3393.14 cm−1, 2830.99 cm−1, 2285.23 cm−1, and 2108.78 cm−1. The antibacterial activity of synthesized nanoparticles was investigated against common poultry pathogens Salmonella gallinarum and Salmonella enteritidis by the agar well diffusion method. The zone of inhibition with a diameter of 31 mm was observed against S. enteritidis and 30 mm against S. gallinarum that was greater than the antibiotic (tetracycline) used. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.195 and 0.390 mg ml−1 for different bacterial strains. Characterization with different techniques showed a uniform and stable synthesis of ZnO NPs. Furthermore, the findings confirm the higher antibacterial activity of nanoconjugate in comparison to leaf extract and pure drug against pathogenic bacteria.
Progress on effects of alloying elements on bainite formation and strength and toughness of high strength steel weld metal
Authors: Zhang Tianli , Yu Hang , Li Zhuoxin , Kou Sindo , Kim Hee Jin , Tillmann Wolfgang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
High-strength steel has excellent mechanical properties and develops rapidly, but the toughness of weld metal cannot be well solved, which hinders the large-scale application of high-strength steel to a certain extent. Thus it is urgent to improve the strengthening and toughening mechanism of high-strength steel weld metal and develop the corresponding welding consumables. This paper summarizes current main research methods of the influence of alloying elements on the microstructure transformation and mechanical properties, and the effects of alloying elements on the strength and toughness of high-strength steel weld metals. It briefly analyzes the influence mechanism of alloying elements on microstructure transformation and the relationship between alloy composition, microstructure transformation and mechanical properties. It is found that the multiple phase microstructure composed of bainite and acicular ferrite can make the weld metal obtain good toughness. In addition, the paper also discusses future development trend of high-strength steel welding, providing the guidance on the research and application of high-strength steel welding consumables.
Preparation of in-situ TiB2 reinforced aluminum matrix composites assisted by two steps of ultrasonic vibration
Authors: Liu Zhengcai , Zhu Tao , Jia Yiwang , Song Dongfu , Zhou Nan , Zheng Kaihong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The TiB2/Al particle reinforced composites were prepared successfully through metal-salt reaction with different process conditions (mechanical stirring, one-stage and two-stages of ultrasonic vibration). It was usually taken more than 60 min to complete metal-salt reaction under mechanical stirring condition, lots of reinforcement agglomerations and residual intermediate such as Al3Ti was in the matrix. The reaction time was greatly shortened from 60 min to 5 min and particle agglomerations were eliminated successfully by the introduction of ultrasonic vibration at 850 °C. Through the introduction of ultrasonic vibration at 730 °C, not only most of the residual Al3Ti phase was broken or dissolved, but also the size of TiB2 was refined. The composite prepared by two-stage ultrasonic vibration has the optimal improvements of yield strength and ultimate tensile strength, which increased by are 108% and 98% respectively, hardness increased 61.5%. When only introducing the first stage of UVT, the elongation decreased from 34% to 20% owning to lots of rod-like Al3Ti in the matrix, after the second stage of UVT, the elongation restored to 33%. The effects of ultrasonic vibration on phase transformation, microstructure, and mechanical properties were studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD). Moreover, the effects of Orowan strengthening, thermal expansion mismatch strengthening, and grain refinement strengthening on mechanical properties were also discussed.
Dynamical evolution of cross phase of edge fluctuations and transport bifurcation
Authors: WANG Xueyun , ZHOU Zhenyu , LI Zhuoyi , LI Bo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The dynamical evolution of edge turbulence during a transport bifurcation is explored using a flux-driven nonlinear fluid model with a geometry relevant to the plasma edge region. The simulations show that the self-generated mean shear flows can dramatically modify the phase angle between turbulent fluctuations. The changes in phase differences and amplitudes of edge fluctuations give rise to the modifications of turbulent edge transport. The statistical properties of flux and fluctuations are also investigated before and after edge shear flow generation.
Modeling of the impurity-induced silicon nanocone growth by low energy helium plasma irradiation
Authors: SHI Quan , KAJITA Shin , DAI Shuyu , FENG Shuangyuan , OHNO Noriyasu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The formation mechanism of nanocone structure on silicon (Si) surface irradiated by helium plasma has been investigated by experiments and simulations. Impurity (molybdenum) aggregated as shields on Si was found to be a key factor to form a high density of nanocone in our previous study. Here to concrete this theory, a simulation work has been developed with SURO code based on the impurity concentration measurement of the nanocones by using electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The formation process of the nanocone from a flat surface was presented. The modeling structure under an inclining ion incident direction was in good agreement with the experimental result. Moreover, the redeposition effect was proposed as another important process of nanocone formation based on results from the comparison of the cone diameter and sputtering yield between cases with and without the redeposition effect.
Bayesian G-Computation for Estimating Impacts of Interventions on Exposure Mixtures: Demonstration With Metals From Coal-Fired Power Plants and Birth Weight
Authors: Keil Alexander P , Buckley Jessie P , Kalkbrenner Amy E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The importance of studying the health impacts of exposure mixtures is increasingly being recognized, but such research presents many methodological and interpretation difficulties. We used Bayesian g-computation to estimate effects of a simulated public health action on exposure mixtures and birth weights in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 2011–2013. We linked data from birth records with census-tract–level air toxics data from the Environmental Protection Agency’s National Air Toxics Assessment model. We estimated the difference between observed and expected birth weights that theoretically would have followed a hypothetical intervention to reduce exposure to 6 airborne metals by decommissioning 3 coal-fired power plants in Milwaukee County prior to 2010. Using Bayesian g-computation, we estimated a 68-g (95% credible interval: 25, 135) increase in birth weight following this hypothetical intervention. This example demonstrates the utility of our approach for using observational data to evaluate and contrast possible public health actions. Additionally, Bayesian g-computation offers a flexible strategy for estimating the effects of highly correlated exposures, addressing statistical issues such as variance inflation, and addressing conceptual issues such as the lack of interpretability of independent effects.
DeepS: a web server for image optical sectioning and super resolution microscopy based on a deep learning framework
Authors: Zhu Qingjie , Shao Yi , Wang Zhicheng , Chen Xingjun , Li Chunqiong , Liang Zihan , Jia Mingyue , Guo Qingchun , Zhao Hu , Kong Lei , Zhang Li 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Microscopy technology plays important roles in many biological research fields. Solvent-cleared brain high-resolution (HR) 3D image reconstruction is an important microscopy application. However, 3D microscopy image generation is time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, we have developed a deep learning framework (DeepS) for both image optical sectioning and super resolution microscopy.

Results
Using DeepS to perform super resolution solvent-cleared mouse brain microscopy 3D image yields improved performance in comparison with the standard image processing workflow. We have also developed a web server to allow online usage of DeepS. Users can train their own models with only one pair of training images using the transfer learning function of the web server.

Availabilityand implementation
http://deeps.cibr.ac.cn.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Taking others into account: combining directly experienced and indirect information in schizophrenia
Authors: Simonsen Arndis , Fusaroli Riccardo , Petersen Malte Lau , Vermillet Arnault-Quentin , Bliksted Vibeke , Mors Ole , Roepstorff Andreas , Campbell-Meiklejohn Daniel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn abnormality in inference, resulting in distorted internal models of the world, has been argued to be a common mechanism underlying the heterogeneous psychopathology in schizophrenia. However, findings have been mixed as to wherein the abnormality lies and have typically failed to find convincing relations to symptoms. The limited and inconsistent findings may have been due to methodological limitations of the experimental design, such as conflating other factors (e.g. comprehension) with the inferential process of interest, and a failure to adequately assess and model the key aspects of the inferential process. Here, we investigated probabilistic inference based on multiple sources of information using a new digital version of the beads task, framed in a social context. Thirty-five patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder with a wide range of symptoms and 40 matched healthy control subjects performed the task, where they guessed the colour of the next marble drawn from a jar based on a sample from the jar as well as the choices and the expressed confidence of four people, each with their own independent sample (which was hidden from participant view). We relied on theoretically motivated computational models to assess which model best captured the inferential process and investigated whether it could serve as a mechanistic model for both psychotic and negative symptoms. We found that ‘circular inference’ best described the inference process, where patients over-weighed and overcounted direct experience and under-weighed information from others. Crucially, overcounting of direct experience was uniquely associated with most psychotic and negative symptoms. In addition, patients with worse social cognitive function had more difficulties using others’ confidence to inform their choices. This difficulty was related to worse real-world functioning. The findings could not be easily ascribed to differences in working memory, executive function, intelligence or antipsychotic medication. These results suggest hallucinations, delusions and negative symptoms could stem from a common underlying abnormality in inference, where directly experienced information is assigned an unreasonable weight and taken into account multiple times. By this, even unreliable first-hand experiences may gain disproportionate significance. The effect could lead to false perceptions (hallucinations), false beliefs (delusions) and deviant social behaviour (e.g. loss of interest in others, bizarre and inappropriate behaviour). This may be particularly problematic for patients with social cognitive deficits, as they may fail to make use of corrective information from others, ultimately leading to worse social functioning.
Distinct Regionalization Patterns of Cortical Morphology are Associated with Cognitive Performance Across Different Domains
Authors: Palmer C E , Zhao W , Loughnan R , Zou J , Fan C C , Thompson W K , Dale A M , Jernigan T L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cognitive performance in children is predictive of academic and social outcomes; therefore, understanding neurobiological mechanisms underlying individual differences in cognition during development may be important for improving quality of life. The belief that a single, psychological construct underlies many cognitive processes is pervasive throughout society. However, it is unclear if there is a consistent neural substrate underlying many cognitive processes. Here, we show that a distributed configuration of cortical surface area and apparent thickness, when controlling for global imaging measures, is differentially associated with cognitive performance on different types of tasks in a large sample (N = 10 145) of 9–11-year-old children from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD) study. The minimal overlap in these regionalization patterns of association has implications for competing theories about developing intellectual functions. Surprisingly, not controlling for sociodemographic factors increased the similarity between these regionalization patterns. This highlights the importance of understanding the shared variance between sociodemographic factors, cognition and brain structure, particularly with a population-based sample such as ABCD.
Supplementary and Premotor Aspects of the Corticospinal Tract Show Links with Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors in Middle-Aged Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Hau Janice , S Kohli Jiwandeep , Shryock Ian , Kinnear Mikaela K , Schadler Adam , Müller Ralph-Axel , Carper Ruth A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show motor impairment into adulthood and risk decline during aging, but little is known about brain changes in aging adults with ASD. Few studies of ASD have directly examined the corticospinal tract (CST)—the major descending pathway in the brain responsible for voluntary motor behavior—outside its primary motor (M1) connections. In 26 middle-aged adults with ASD and 26 age-matched typical comparison participants, we used diffusion imaging to examine the microstructure and volume of CST projections from M1, dorsal premotor (PMd), supplementary motor area (SMA), and primary somatosensory (S1) cortices with respect to age. We also examined relationships between each CST sub-tract (-cst), motor skills, and autism symptoms. We detected no significant group or age-related differences in tracts extending from M1 or other areas. However, sub-tracts of the CST extending from secondary (but not primary) motor areas were associated with core autism traits. Increased microstructural integrity of left PMd-cst and SMA-cst were associated with less-severe restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB) in the ASD group. These findings suggest that secondary motor cortical areas, known to be involved in selecting motor programs, may be implicated in cognitive motor processes underlying RRB in ASD.
The evolutionary biology of endometriosis
Authors: Dinsdale Natalie , Nepomnaschy Pablo , Crespi Bernard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We provide the first analysis and synthesis of the evolutionary and mechanistic bases for risk of endometriosis in humans, structured around Niko Tinbergen's four questions about phenotypes: phylogenetic history, development, mechanism and adaptive significance. Endometriosis, which is characterized by the proliferation of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus, has its phylogenetic roots in the evolution of three causally linked traits: (1) highly invasive placentation, (2) spontaneous rather than implantation-driven endometrial decidualization and (3) frequent extensive estrogen-driven endometrial proliferation and inflammation, followed by heavy menstrual bleeding. Endometriosis is potentiated by these traits and appears to be driven, proximately, by relatively low levels of prenatal and postnatal testosterone. Testosterone affects the developing hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis, and at low levels, it can result in an altered trajectory of reproductive and physiological phenotypes that in extreme cases can mediate the symptoms of endometriosis. Polycystic ovary syndrome, by contrast, is known from previous work to be caused primarily by high prenatal and postnatal testosterone, and it demonstrates a set of phenotypes opposite to those found in endometriosis. The hypothesis that endometriosis risk is driven by low prenatal testosterone, and involves extreme expression of some reproductive phenotypes, is supported by a suite of evidence from genetics, development, endocrinology, morphology and life history. The hypothesis also provides insights into why these two diametric, fitness-reducing disorders are maintained at such high frequencies in human populations. Finally, the hypotheses described and evaluated here lead to numerous testable predictions and have direct implications for the treatment and study of endometriosis.
Lay summary: Endometriosis is caused by endometrial tissue outside of the uterus. We explain why and how humans are vulnerable to this disease, and new perspectives on understanding and treating it. Endometriosis shows evidence of being caused in part by relatively low testosterone during fetal development, that ‘programs’ female reproductive development. By contrast, polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with relatively high testosterone in prenatal development. These two disorders can thus be seen as ‘opposite’ to one another in their major causes and correlates. Important new insights regarding diagnosis, study and treatment of endometriosis follow from these considerations.