bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SURG-08. Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (LITT) versus Resection in the Treatment of Lesions In or Near the Primary Motor Cortex
Authors: Srinivasan Ethan , Lerner Emily , Edwards Ryan , Huie David , Fecci Peter 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally-invasive treatment option for radiographically-progressive (RP) brain metastases. This study compares the functional outcomes of LITT vs resection (RS) for lesions in or near the primary motor cortex (PMC).

Methods
Retrospective review was performed of patients treated for PMC lesions by LITT or RS. Functional outcomes were graded relative to pre-treatment symptoms and categorized as improved, stable, or worsened at 30, 90, and 180 days post-LITT/RS.

Results
36 patients were identified with median follow-up of 194 days (IQR 72–503), age 64 years (57–72), and estimated baseline KPS 80 (80–90). 35 (98%) had pre-treatment weakness or motor seizure; 15 (42%) received LITT and 21 (58%) RS; all RS were performed with intra-operative motor mapping while LITT were not. All LITT patients were treated for RP lesions (radiation necrosis (RN) or disease progression) vs. 24% of RS patients (p&lt;0.01). LITT patients trended towards smaller lesions (1.9 cm vs 2.7 cm, p=0.03) and were more likely to show RN (67% vs 5%, p&lt;0.01) and be discharged home (87% vs 52%, p=0.04), with shorter ICU (0 vs 1 day, p&lt;0.01) and hospital stays (1 vs. 2 days, p&lt;0.01). At 30 days, 89% of surviving patients who received RS had stable or improved symptoms, compared to 46% of the LITT cohort (p=0.02). At 90 days, the difference was 88% to 50% (p=0.07), and at 180 days 100% to 80% (p=0.2941).

Conclusion
In the short term (30 days), patients with PMC lesions have better functional outcomes when treated with RS compared to LITT, while those who survive to the 180-day timepoint experience similar outcomes. These differences are likely due to transient, expected post-LITT edema that subsides with time. Taken together, prognosis and patient priorities are important considerations in the decision between LITT and RS.
Allostatic hypermetabolic response in PGC1α/β heterozygote mouse despite mitochondrial defects
Authors: Rodriguez‐Cuenca Sergio , Lelliot Christopher J. , Campbell Mark , Peddinti Gopal , Martinez‐Uña Maite , Ingvorsen Camilla , Dias Ana Rita , Relat Joana , Mora Silvia , Hyötyläinen Tuulia , Zorzano Antonio , Orešič Matej , Bjursell Mikael , Bohlooly‐Y Mohammad , Lindén Daniel , Vidal‐Puig Antonio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAging, obesity, and insulin resistance are associated with low levels of PGC1α and PGC1β coactivators and defective mitochondrial function. We studied mice deficient for PGC1α and PGC1β [double heterozygous (DH)] to investigate their combined pathogenic contribution. Contrary to our hypothesis, DH mice were leaner, had increased energy dissipation, a pro‐thermogenic profile in BAT and WAT, and improved carbohydrate metabolism compared to wild types. WAT showed upregulation of mitochondriogenesis/oxphos machinery upon allelic compensation of PGC1α4 from the remaining allele. However, DH mice had decreased mitochondrial OXPHOS and biogenesis transcriptomes in mitochondria‐rich organs. Despite being metabolically healthy, mitochondrial defects in DH mice impaired muscle fiber remodeling and caused qualitative changes in the hepatic lipidome. Our data evidence first the existence of organ‐specific compensatory allostatic mechanisms are robust enough to drive an unexpected phenotype. Second, optimization of adipose tissue bioenergetics is sufficient to maintain a healthy metabolic phenotype despite a broad severe mitochondrial dysfunction in other relevant metabolic organs. Third, the decrease in PGC1s in adipose tissue of obese and diabetic patients is in contrast with the robustness of the compensatory upregulation in the adipose of the DH mice.
Physical Activity and Perceived Health in People With Parkinson Disease During the First Wave of Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study From Sweden
Authors: Leavy Breiffni , Hagströmer Maria , Conradsson David Moulaee , Franzén Erika 
Published: August 2021

Background:
People with Parkinson disease (PD) are known to be at risk of physical inactivity and may therefore be especially vulnerable to negative health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic due to social distancing recommendations.

Purpose:
To investigate sensor-derived physical activity and perceived health of people with PD during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the factors associated with these outcomes.

Methods:
Physical activity was measured over 7 days using the Actigraph GT3x accelerometer. Data were collected regarding perceived health status and physical activity habits, as well as rehabilitation attendance during the pandemic. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with physical activity and perceived changes in health.

Results:
Of 89 participants, a majority (67%) reported a pandemic-related reduction in exercise habits. Women more commonly reported a reduction in scheduled exercise and cancelled rehabilitation than men. Study participants took on average 5876 ± 3180 steps per day. In the multivariate analysis, female gender, being 70 years of age and older, and greater reported mobility problems were associated with being less physically active. A pandemic-induced deterioration in health was reported by 42% and women were 5 times more likely than men to do so (odds ratio: 5.12, 95% confidence interval, 1.87-15.03; P = 0.002).

Discussion and Conclusions:
Despite a pandemic-related reduction in reported exercise habits and rehabilitation, the participants in this Swedish sample were relatively physically active. However, women were less active at moderate-vigorous levels and were at greater risk of deterioration in perceived health during this time.

Video Abstract available for more insight from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A359).
Application of Free Iliac Bone Flap Based on Superficial Circumflex Iliac Perforators in Mandibular Reconstruction
Authors: Sakata Yasuhiro , Nishioka Toshihiko , Asamura Shinichi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We introduce the application of mandibular reconstruction with the superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA)-based iliac bone flap. Until now, iliac bone flaps based on the SCIA have been used in relatively small bony and plane defects, such as in the orbital floor, maxilla, distal phalanx, and calcaneus. This flap has minimal donor-site morbidity compared with the conventional deep circumflex iliac artery flap, and it can be harvested simultaneously with tumor resection in most reconstructions, including those in the head and neck. A great advantage of the SCIA-based iliac bone flap is the thin and reliable large skin paddle that can be used for intraoral and lip defects. Although there are remaining problems to overcome, such as the blood circulation to the bone, this flap may be an option in mandibular reconstruction where there are large soft tissue defects, or where there is complicated peripheral arteriosclerosis or arterial abnormality.
An Algorithm Recommendation to Detect Specific Pathology of the Lacrimal Sac
Authors: Demirel Soner , Firat Murat , Firat ilknur Tuncer , Dikci Seyhan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We aimed to recommend an efficient algorithm to detect the presence of specific pathologies of the lacrimal sac (LS). The charts of 296 patients who had undergone LS biopsy were reviewed retrospectively. The age, gender, history, examination and radiological findings, sac appearance, and pathology results of the patients were recorded. The power of our data to predict the presence of potential specific pathology was identified by regression analysis. After the causality evaluation of the statistical results, an algorithm was created to differentiate specific LS pathologies from chronic dacryocystitis. Our algorithm was mainly formed by deciding on radiological examination and biopsy according to the risk scoring created by the examination findings. A specific LS pathology was observed in 11 (3.7%) patients. When we applied the recommended algorithm to cases with a suspicion of specific pathology and/or found to have a specific pathology, 36.4% of the patients would not require radiological examination and 29.6% of them would not require a biopsy. On the other hand, 80% of the frozen biopsies had been conducted on cases without a specific pathology. Managing the cases according to our algorithm would mean that frozen biopsy would be recommended in only 1 (12.5%) case without a specific pathology. Besides, the detection of cases with a specific pathology would not be prevented and the necessary diagnostic procedures would continue to be performed. Specific LS pathologies can be detected adequately, whereas decreasing unnecessary examinations and procedures in cases without a specific pathology by using our algorithm.
SCU-Net: A deep learning method for segmentation and quantification of breast arterial calcifications on mammograms
Authors: Guo Xiaoyuan , O’Neill W Charles , Vey Brianna , Yang Tianen Christopher , Kim Thomas J , Ghassemi Maryzeh , Pan Ian , Gichoya Judy Wawira , Trivedi Hari , Banerjee Imon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeMeasurements of breast arterial calcifications (BAC) can offer a personalized, noninvasive approach to risk-stratify women for cardiovascular disease such as heart attack and stroke. We aim to detect and segment breast arterial calcifications in mammograms accurately and suggest novel measurements to quantify detected BAC for future clinical applications.MethodsTo separate BAC in mammograms, we propose a light-weight fine vessel segmentation method Simple Context U-Net (SCU-Net). Due to the large image size of mammograms, we adopt a patch-based way to train SCU-Net and obtain the final whole-image-size results by stitching patch-wise results together. To further quantify calcifications, we test five quantitative metrics to inspect the progression of BAC for subjects: Sum of Mask Probability Metric (𝒫ℳ), Sum of Mask Area Metric (𝒜ℳ), Sum of Mask Intensity Metric (𝒮ℐℳ), Sum of Mask Area with Threshold Intensity Metric (𝒯𝒜ℳX) and Sum of Mask Intensity with Threshold X Metric (𝒯 𝒮ℐℳX). Finally, we demonstrate the ability of the metrics to longitudinally measure calcifications in a group of 26 subjects and evaluate our quantification metrics compared to calcified voxels and calcium mass on breast CT for 10 subjects.ResultsOur segmentation results are compared with state-of-the-art network architectures based on recall, precision, accuracy, F1-score/Dice Score and Jaccard Index evaluation metrics and achieve corresponding values of 0.789, 0.708, 0.997, 0.729, and 0.581 for whole-image-size results. The quantification results all show >95% correlation between quantification measures on predicted masks of SCU-Net as compared to the groundtruth and measurement of calcification on breast CT. For the calcifications quantification measurement, our calcification volume (voxels) results yield R2-correlation values of 0.834, 0.843, 0.832, 0.798, and 0.800 for the 𝒫ℳ, 𝒜ℳ, 𝒮ℐℳ, 𝒯𝒜ℳ100, 𝒯 𝒮ℐℳ100 metrics, respectively; our calcium mass results yield comparable R2-correlation values of 0.866, 0.873, 0.840, 0.774, and 0.798 for the same metrics.ConclusionsSCU-Net is a simple method to accurately segment arterial calcification retrospectively on routine mammograms. Quantification of the calcifications based on this segmentation in the retrospective cohort study has sufficient sensitivity to detect the normal progression over time and should be useful for future research and clinical applications.
Analytical and Clinical Validation of an Amplicon-based Next Generation Sequencing Assay for Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating Tumor DNA
Authors: Poh Jonathan , Ngeow Kao Chin , Pek Michelle , Tan Kian-Hin , Lim Jing Shan , Chen Hao , Ong Choon Kiat , Lim Jing Quan , Lim Soon Thye , Lim Chwee Ming , Goh Boon Cher , Choudhury Yukti 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNext-generation sequencing of circulating tumor DNA presents a promising approach to cancer diagnostics, complementing conventional tissue-based diagnostic testing by enabling minimally invasive serial testing and broad genomic coverage through a simple blood draw to maximize therapeutic benefit to patients. LiquidHALLMARK® is an amplicon-based next-generation sequencing assay developed for the genomic profiling of plasma-derived cell-free DNA. The comprehensive 80-gene panel profiles point mutations, insertions/deletions, copy number alterations, and gene fusions, and further detects oncogenic viruses (EBV and HBV) and microsatellite instability. Here, the analytical and clinical validation of the assay is reported. Analytical validation using reference genetic materials demonstrated a sensitivity of 99.38% for point mutations and 95.83% for insertions/deletions at 0.1% variant allele frequency (VAF), and a sensitivity of 91.67% for gene fusions at 0.5% VAF, with high specificity even at 0.1% VAF (99.11% per-base). The limit of detection for copy number alterations, EBV, HBV, and microsatellite instability were also empirically determined. Orthogonal comparison of EGFR variant calls made by LiquidHALLMARK and a reference allele-specific PCR method for 355 lung cancer specimens revealed an overall concordance of 93.80%, while external validation with cobas® EGFR Mutation Test v2 for 50 lung cancer specimens demonstrated an overall concordance of 84.00%, with a 100% concordance rate for EGFR variants above 0.4% VAF. Clinical application of LiquidHALLMARK in 1,592 consecutive patients demonstrated a high detection rate (74.8% alteration-positive in cancer samples) and broad actionability (50.0% of cancer samples harboring alterations with biological evidence for actionability). Among ctDNA-positive lung cancers, 72.5% harbored at least one biomarker with a guideline-approved drug indication. These results establish the high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision of the LiquidHALLMARK assay and supports its clinical application for blood-based genomic testing.
Probabilistic comparison of gray and white matter coverage between depth and surface intracranial electrodes in epilepsy: a patient-specific modeling and empirical study
Authors: Anderson Daria Nesterovich , Charlebois Chantel M. , Smith Elliot H. , Arain Amir M. , Davis Tyler S. , Rolston John D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to quantify the coverage of gray and white matter during intracranial electroencephalography in a cohort of epilepsy patients with surface and depth electrodes.MethodsWe included 65 patients with strip electrodes (n=12), strip and grid electrodes (n=24), strip, grid, and depth electrodes (n=7), or depth electrodes only (n=22) from the University of Utah spanning 2010-2020. Patient-specific imaging was used to generate probabilistic gray and white matter maps and atlas segmentations. The gray and white matter coverage was quantified based on spherical volumes centered on electrode centroids, with radii ranging from 1-15 mm, along with detailed finite element models of local electric fieldsResultsGray matter coverage was highly dependent on the chosen radius of influence (RoI). Using a 2.5 mm RoI, depth electrodes covered more gray matter than surface electrodes; however, surface electrodes covered more gray matter at RoI larger than 4 mm. White matter coverage was greatest for depth electrodes at all RoIs, which is noteworthy for studies involving stimulation mapping. Depth electrodes were able to record significantly more gray matter from the amygdala and hippocampus than subdural electrodes.SignificanceThis study provides the first probabilistic analysis to quantify gray and white matter coverage for multiple categories of intracranial recording configurations. Depth electrodes may offer increased per contact coverage of gray matter over other recording strategies if the desired signals are local to the contact, while subdural grids and strips can sample more gray matter if the desired signals are more diffuse.
Feasibility of an online Langerian mindfulness program for stroke survivors and caregivers
Authors: Demers Marika , Pagnini Francesco , Phillips Deborah , Chang Brianna , Winstein Carolee , Langer Ellen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMindfulness is promising for individuals with neurological disorders and their caregivers to improve psychological well-being. The potential application of a Langerian mindfulness intervention, focused on attention to variability, however, is still unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility (usability, satisfaction, and potential effectiveness on psychological well-being) of an online mindfulness intervention for stroke survivors and caregivers.MethodologyUsing mixed-methods, 11 stroke survivors and 3 caregivers participated in a 3-week, online, Langerian mindfulness intervention. A semi-structured interview assessed the intervention’s usability and gathered feedback. Self-reported measures about psychological well-being were documented remotely three times (pre, post, one-month follow-up).ResultsQualitatively, participants were highly satisfied with the intervention, reported subjective benefits, but the usability of the online platform was poor. None of the self-reported measures changed over time.ConclusionThis study provided evidence of feasibility of an online Langerian mindfulness intervention in a new population: stroke survivors and caregivers.
Multispectral Imaging for MicroChip Electrophoresis Enables Point-of-Care Newborn Hemoglobin Variant Screening
Authors: An Ran , Huang Yuning , Rocheleau Anne , Avanaki Alireza , Thota Priyaleela , Man Yuncheng , Sekyonda Zoe , Segbefia Catherine I. , Dei-Adomakoh Yvonne , Mensah Enoch , Odame Isaac , Gurkan Umut A. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTHemoglobin (Hb) disorders affect nearly 7% of the world’s population. Globally, around 400,000 babies are born annually with sickle cell disease (SCD), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa where morbidity and mortality rates are high. Although treatments are available for Hb disorders, screening, early diagnosis, and monitoring are not widely accessible due to technical challenges and cost, especially in low-and-middle-income countries. We hypothesized that multispectral imaging will allow sensitive hemoglobin variant identification in existing affordable paper-based Hb electrophoresis, which is a clinical standard test for Hb variant screening. To test this hypothesis, we developed the first integrated point-of-care multispectral Hb variant test: Gazelle-Multispectral. Here, we evaluated the accuracy of Gazelle-Multispectral for Hb variant newborn screening in 321 completed tests in subjects younger than 6 months with known hemoglobin variants including hemoglobin A (Hb A), hemoglobin F (Hb F), hemoglobin S (Hb S) and hemoglobin C (Hb C). Gazelle-multispectral detected levels of Hb A, Hb F, Hb S, and Hb C, demonstrated high correlations with the results reported by laboratory gold standard high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at Pearson Correlation Coefficient = 0.97, 0.97, 0.89, and 0.94. Gazelle-multispectral demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity in both disease vs normal and disease vs trait, 98.1% sensitivity and 97.0% specificity in trait vs normal in comparison to HPLC in newborns. The ability to obtain rapid and accurate results on newborn samples suggest that Gazelle-Multispectral is suitable for large-scale newborn screening and potentially for accurate diagnosis of SCD in low resource settings.
Differences in personality / temperament in the endangered tortoiseTestudo hermanniand their implications on dispersal and conservation
Authors: Rodriguez Alexandra , Caron Sébastien , Ballouard Jean Marie 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBehavioural studies are more an more implicated in species conservation. Determining individuals personality in the case of reintroduction operations may be very useful. Actually, indiviuals temperament may be associated to their dispersal capacities and their habilities to adapt to novel environments. Considered as asociable species, few studies have been conducted on reptiles and this is even worse in the case of endangered species. Hermann tortoise, Testudo hermanni, an endemic species from Mediterranean region is endangered because of the lost and modification of its habitats. Before conducting reintroduction actions it is important to have more information on individuals personality traits. We have tested the reaction of three groups of tortoises (domestic, wild and from the SOPTOM center) when confronted to a novel environment and to human presence. The aim was to discriminate individuals with « bold » and « shy » behaviours. Behavioural profiles are different between the three groups of tortoises, the domestic group appeared to be bolder than the wild one. Moreover, for the wild group, bold individuals travel longer distances in the field, sometimes outside the protected areas. Thus, it is important to take into account the personality of individuals choosen for translocation projects.
Precision of Mammogram and USG based evaluation of NAST response in breast cancer and its impact on oncoplastic surgery decisions
Authors: Deshpande Pooja , Dixit Santosh , Kelkar Devaki , Gangurde Nutan , Shaikh Shahin , Nagarkar Sanket , Nare Smeeta , Busheri Laleh , Koppiker Chaitanyanand , Varghese Beenu 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrecise prediction of residual tumour size following neoadjuvant systemic therapy for breast cancer is crucial in assessing response and surgical decision making. Our study is aimed at assessing the performance of conventional imaging modalities like ultrasound and mammography in predicting the residual tumour size after neoadjuvant systemic therapy and in evaluating the impact of imaging on the surgical outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively compared the tumour size measured by ultrasonography and mammography and the residual tumour size on final histopathology in 109 patients. Concordance was defined as a size difference within 25% of the histopathology size. We also looked at the distribution of concordance between different T status and molecular subtypes, accuracy of USG in predicting pathological complete response and axillary lymph nodal metastasis and also surgical outcomes in the discordant cases.ResultsThe concordance rates of mammography and ultrasonography were 68.2% and 52.3% respectively without statistically significant difference between the two modalities (p = 0.081). Combination of both the modalities had a concordance rate of 57.8%. Ultrasonography had accuracy of 81.7% for predicting pathological complete response and 79.8% for predicting axillary nodal metastasis. We did not identify any influence of histologic subtype on the associations between preoperative measurements and pathology size or the accuracy for detecting pathological complete response (p values 0.43 and 0.46 respectively). In 12 cases, the radiology-pathology discordance could have led to large excision volume surgeries. In the overall cohort, recurrence free survival and overall survival rates at median follow up of 19.1 month were 87.2% and 95.4% respectively.ConclusionsUltrasound and mammography showed moderate concordance with pathology for estimation of the residual tumour size without any significant difference in the performance between the two. Despite the moderate concordance, surgical outcomes were fairly well managed in the discordant cases with the oncoplastic surgical techniques. Our study highlights the usefulness of the cheaper and widely available conventional imaging modalities in the developing countries where the cost of treatment is to be contained.