bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced osseointegration through direct energy deposition porous coating for cementless orthopedic implant fixation
Authors: Ryu Dong Jin , Jung Ara , Ban Hun Yeong , Kwak Tae Yang , Shin Eun Joo , Gweon Bomi , Lim Dohyung , Wang Joon Ho 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDirect energy deposition (DED) is a newly developed 3D metal printing technique that can be utilized on a porous surface coating of joint implants, however there is still a lack of studies on what advantages DED has over conventional techniques. We conducted a systematic mechanical and biological comparative study of porous coatings prepared using the DED method and other commercially available technologies including titanium plasma spray (TPS), and powder bed fusion (PBF). DED showed higher porosity surface (48.54%) than TPS (21.4%) and PBF (35.91%) with comparable fatigue cycle. At initial cell adhesion, cells on DED and PBF surface appeared to spread well with distinct actin stress fibers through immunofluorescence study. It means that the osteoblasts bind more strongly to the DED and PBF surface. Also, DED surface showed higher cell proliferation (1.27 times higher than TPS and PBF) and osteoblast cell activity (1.28 times higher than PBF) for 2 weeks culture in vitro test. In addition, DED surface showed better bone to implant contact and new bone formation than TPS in in vivo study. DED surface also showed consistently good osseointegration performance throughout the early and late period of osseointegration. Collectively, these results show that the DED coating method is an innovative technology that can be utilized to make cementless joint implants.
A movable type bioelectronics printing technology for modular fabrication of biosensors
Authors: Yang Muqun , Liu Mingyang , Cheng Jing , Wang Han 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiosensors have been widely used in various fields such as food industry, environmental testing and medical testing for their high sensitivity. However, current fabrication methods of biosensors, such as screen printing, micro fabrication and 3D printing suffer from complex procedures, requirement of cleanroom facility and limited fabrication materials, which significantly restrict the development and utilization of biosensors. Here, we propose a movable type bioelectronics printing method for the fabrication of biosensors by directly transferring bioelectronic materials onto various substrates using pre-fabricated molds. This simple, low-cost, yet robust method facilitates on-demand printing of master molds of partial or complete circuits on both rigid or flexible substrates. With this method, bioactive materials such as enzymes can be directly transferred onto substrates together with other electronic components, without complex modification after electrode fabrication using conventional methods. For demonstration, a dual-channel flexible electrochemical biosensor was fabricated by the movable type bioelectronics printing method for continuous monitoring of glucose and lactate. The movable type bioelectronics printing technology holds advantages of repeatability, flexibility and low cost for fabrication of biosensors on rigid and flexible substrates, as well as direct transfer printing of bioactive materials, which greatly promotes small-scale production of biosensors.
Understanding the role of the CB1 toggle switch in interaction networks using molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Ji Sangho , Yang Wonjin , Yu Wookyung 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is a class A G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) that can exert various effects on the human body through the endocannabinoid system. Understanding CB1 activation has many benefits for the medical use of cannabinoids. A previous study reported that CB1 has two notable residues referred to as the toggle switch, F3.36 and W6.48, which are important for its activation mechanism. We performed a molecular dynamics simulation with a mutation in the toggle switch to examine its role in active and inactive states. We also examined structural changes, the residue–residue interaction network, and the interaction network among helices and loops of wildtype and mutant CB1 for both activation states. As a result, we found that the energetic changes in the hydrogen-bond network of the Na+pocket, extracellular N-terminus–TM2–ECL1–TM3 interface including D2.63–K3.28 salt-bridge, and extracellular ECL2–TM5–ECL3–TM6 interface directly linked to the toggle switch contribute to the stability of CB1 by the broken aromatic interaction of the toggle switch. It makes the conformation of inactive CB1 receptor to be unstable. Our study explained the role of the toggle switch regarding the energetic interactions related to the Na+pocket and extracellular loop interfaces, which could contribute to a better understanding of the activation mechanism of CB1.
Charge transport variation from Bloch–Grüneisen to Mott variable range hopping and transport change due to hydrogenation in Palladium thin films
Authors: Jayakumar Adithya , Dixit Viney , Jose Sarath , Kamble Vinayak B. , Jaiswal-Nagar D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe report a systematic investigation of the differences in charge transport mechanism in ultra-thin nano-island like films of palladium with thickness varying between 5 nm and 3 nm. The thicker films were found to be metallic in a large temperature range with a dominant Bloch–Grüneisen mechanism of charge transport arising due to electron-acoustic phonon scattering. These films were also found to exhibit an additional electron–magnon scattering. At temperatures below 20 K, the two films displayed a metal-insulator transition which was explained using Al’tshuler’s model of increased scattering in disordered conductors. The thinner films were insulating and were found to exhibit Mott’s variable range hopping mechanism of charge transport. The thinnest film showed a linear decrease of resistance with an increase in temperature in the entire temperature range. The island-like thin films were found to display very different response to hydrogenation at room temperature where the metallic films were found to display a decrease of resistance while the insulating films were found to have an increase of resistance. The decrease of resistance was ascribed to a hydrogen induced lattice expansion in the thin films that were at the percolation threshold while the resistance increase to an increase in work function of the films due to an increased adsorption of the hydrogen atoms at the surface sites of palladium.
Short-duration hypothermia completed prior to reperfusion prevents intracranial pressure elevation following ischaemic stroke in rats
Authors: Omileke Daniel , Azarpeykan Sara , Bothwell Steven W. , Pepperall Debbie , Beard Daniel J. , Coupland Kirsten , Patabendige Adjanie , Spratt Neil J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReperfusion therapies re-establish blood flow after arterial occlusion and improve outcome for ischaemic stroke patients. Intracranial pressure (ICP) elevation occurs 18–24 h after experimental stroke. This elevation is prevented by short-duration hypothermia spanning the time of reperfusion. We aimed to determine whether hypothermia-rewarming completed prior to reperfusion, also prevents ICP elevation 24 h post-stroke. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed on male outbred Wistar rats. Sixty-minute hypothermia to 33 °C, followed by rewarming was induced prior to reperfusion in one group, and after reperfusion in another group. Normothermia controls received identical anaesthesia protocols. ΔICP from pre-stroke to 24 h post-stroke was measured, and infarct volumes were calculated. Rewarming pre-reperfusion prevented ICP elevation (ΔICP = 0.3 ± 3.9 mmHg vs. normothermia ΔICP = 5.2 ± 2.1 mmHg, p = 0.02) and reduced infarct volume (pre-reperfusion = 78.6 ± 23.7 mm3 vs. normothermia = 125.1 ± 44.3 mm3, p = 0.04) 24 h post-stroke. There were no significant differences in ΔICP or infarct volumes between hypothermia groups rewarmed pre- or post-reperfusion. Hypothermia during reperfusion is not necessary for prevention of ICP rise or infarct volume reduction. Short-duration hypothermia may be an applicable early treatment strategy for stroke patients prior to- during-, and after reperfusion therapy.
Comparing gut resistome composition among patients with acute Campylobacter infections and healthy family members
Authors: Hansen Zoe A. , Cha Wonhee , Nohomovich Brian , Newton Duane W. , Lephart Paul , Salimnia Hossein , Khalife Walid , Shade Ashley , Rudrik James T. , Manning Shannon D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCampylobacter commonly causes foodborne infections and antibiotic resistance is an imminent concern. It is not clear, however, if the human gut ‘resistome’ is affected by Campylobacter during infection. Application of shotgun metagenomics on stools from 26 cases with Campylobacter infections and 44 healthy family members (controls) identified 406 unique antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) representing 153 genes/operons, 40 mechanisms, and 18 classes. Cases had greater ARG richness (p < 0.0001) and Shannon diversity (p < 0.0001) than controls with distinct compositions (p = 0.000999; PERMANOVA). Cases were defined by multidrug resistance genes and were dominated by Proteobacteria (40.8%), specifically those representing Escherichia (20.9%). Tetracycline resistance genes were most abundant in controls, which were dominated by Bacteroidetes (45.3%) and Firmicutes (44.4%). Hierarchical clustering of cases identified three clusters with distinct resistomes. Case clusters 1 and 3 differed from controls containing more urban and hospitalized patients. Relative to family members of the same household, ARG composition among matched cases was mostly distinct, though some familial controls had similar profiles that could be explained by a shorter time since exposure to the case. Together, these data indicate that Campylobacter infection is associated with an altered resistome composition and increased ARG diversity, raising concerns about the role of infection in the spread of resistance determinants.
Valorized deinking paper residue as fill material for geotechnical structures
Authors: Fifer Bizjak Karmen , Likar Barbara , Mladenovič Ana , Zalar Serjun Vesna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study introduces a novel geotechnical composite material comprising two types of fill material sourced from the paper industry—deinking paper sludge ash (DPSA) and deinking paper sludge (DPS). Five composites with different DPSA and DPS contents were investigated. Two composites were selected for further analyses. The technology and procedure for composite installation were implemented in field tests. The composites with 80% and 70% DPSA exhibited the elasticity required to withstand minor landslide slip deformations, in addition to achieving sufficiently high values of uniaxial compressive strength. The composites had a low maximum dry density value, which led to fewer settlements in the entire support structure. The enhanced shear characteristics can enable the construction of a thinner retaining wall. The delay between preparation and installation of the composites was further investigated. The field tests confirmed that the composites with 80% and 70% DPSA can be installed on the construction site 4 h and even 24 h after mixing. In 2018, a retaining wall structure with 70% DPSA and 30% DPS was successfully implemented near a railway line using conventional technology as followed-up research to the herein presented study. Results have been derived from work performed in the scope of the H2020 Paperchain project in which novel circular economy models centered on the valorization of the waste streams generated by the pulp and paper industry as secondary raw material for several resource-intensive sectors, including the construction sector, have been developed. Environmental benefits are savings in natural raw materials, reduction of landfill disposal as well as CO2 emission reduction.
Host–guest interaction-directed strategy for managing mechanochromic luminescence behavior by modulating molecular packing and conformation
Authors: Han Xie , Sun DongDong , Tang Shi , Wu Yong , Wang Luyao , Zhang Xiongzhi , Liu Simin 
Published: November 2021

A simple strategy was developed to modulate mechanochromic luminescence (MCL) behavior of NBDP (1-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)pyridin-4-one) molecules using cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) host as a carrier to change the molecular packing.
Implicit Bias and Multilingual Assessment in School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Nelson Marisa , Wilson Laura 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this research was (a) to examine school-based speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') implicit attitudes toward immigrants and how these relate to prioritization and use of best practices when assessing multilingual children and (b) to determine if key demographic factors relate to the use and prioritization of these best practices.

Method:
Eighty-six certified SLPs ranked how they prioritize and use best practices in multilingual assessments and completed an online immigrant Implicit Association Test.

Results:
The majority of participants exhibited a strong implicit bias against immigrants (median D-score of 0.84, interquartile range: 0.49), but no significant relationship was found between increasing bias and lower prioritization or use of best practices. Increased years working as an SLP and increasingly distant personal relationships to immigration were related to lower prioritization and use of some best practices. An unexpected association included increased reported use of interpreters with increasing implicit bias against immigrants.

Conclusions:
This research found a strong implicit bias against immigrants among participating school-based SLPs, consistent with previous work detailing health professionals' preferences for ingroups over outgroups. It adds to the call for further research into the impact of implicit biases on clinical practice, and the methods and merits of addressing implicit biases in targeted populations such as SLPs. This study also identified demographic factors associated with decreased prioritization and use of certain best practices when assessing multilingual children. More work is needed to learn how to mitigate these factors to ensure culturally sensitive clinical practice.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16799638
Surface discharge characteristics and influencing factors of polyimide insulations under high‐frequency sinusoidal voltages
Authors: Ayubi Bilal Iqbal , Zhang Li , Xu Huangkuan , Yan Qiyue 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe high‐frequency power transformer (HFPT) has become a vital component of the power system. For HFPT insulations, surface discharge is a serious problem. Polyimide (PI) is a widely used insulating material for HFPT's. A needle‐plate electrode structure‐based experimental setup was developed to produce and measure the surface discharge. This paper first time used the fluid‐kinetic model by adopting the finite element simulation method to address the micro‐level study of surface discharge. This paper aimed at the discharge phenomenon of the PI under the direct action of high‐frequency sinusoidal voltage and has not considered the overvoltage phenomenon caused by the waveform parameters that is the actual high‐frequency action on the PI material. The development of surface discharge at various stages was analysed. Particle densities and electric field distributions versus discharge time were determined. Frequency, temperature, and air pressure have a significant effect on surface discharge behaviour. As a result, the applied voltage reaches its peak value at high‐frequency, so the flashover time of surface discharge is reduced under the high frequency. The electron density of the streamer development increases as the temperature rises, and the time to flashover the channel becomes shorter. The higher the electron density and the longer the discharge channel develops while the gas pressure is lower. The simulation results have high accuracy and good agreement with experimental data.
Deep coordinate attention network for single image super‐resolution
Authors: Xie Chao , Zhu Hongyu , Fei Yeqi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeep learning techniques and deep networks have recently been extensively studied and widely applied to single image super‐resolution (SR). Among them, channel attention has garnered the most focus owing to its significant boost in the presentational power of a convolutional neural network. However, the original channel attention neglects the critical importance of the positional information, thus imposing performance limitations. Here, a novel perspective, namely, a coordinate attention mechanism, is explored to alleviate the aforementioned problem, and accordingly result in an enhanced SR performance. Specifically, a deep residual coordinate attention SR network (COSR) is proposed, which mainly incorporates the presented coordinate attention blocks into a deep nested residual structure. The coordinate attention captures the positional information by computing the average value vector from the two spatial directions, thus aggregating the features in different coordinates. The nested residual blocks pass low‐frequency information from the top to the end through the skip connection lines, allowing convolution filters to concentrate more on high‐frequency textures and edges, thereby reducing the difficulty of reconstruction. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed COSR achieves a better performance and exceeds many state‐of‐the‐art SR methods in terms of both quantitative metrics and visual quality.
The polarization angle in the wings of Ca I 4227: A new observable for diagnosing unresolved photospheric magnetic fields
Authors: Capozzi Emilia , Alsina Ballester Ernest , Belluzzi Luca , Trujillo Bueno Javier 
Published: November 2021

Context.When observed in quiet regions close to the solar limb, many strong resonance lines show conspicuous linear polarization signals, produced by scattering processes (i.e., scattering polarization), with extended wing lobes. Recent studies indicate that, contrary to what was previously believed, the wing lobes are sensitive to the presence of relatively weak longitudinal magnetic fields through magneto-optical (MO) effects.Aims.We theoretically investigate the sensitivity of the scattering polarization wings of the Ca I4227 Å line to the MO effects, and we explore its diagnostic potential for inferring information on the longitudinal component of the photospheric magnetic field.Methods.We calculate the intensity and polarization profiles of the Ca I4227 Å line by numerically solving the problem of the generation and transfer of polarized radiation under non-local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions in one-dimensional semi-empirical models of the solar atmosphere, taking into account the joint action of the Hanle, Zeeman, and MO effects. We consider volume-filling magnetic fields as well as magnetic fields occupying a fraction of the resolution element.Results.In contrast to the circular polarization signals produced by the Zeeman effect, we find that the linear polarization angle in the scattering polarization wings of Ca I4227 presents a clear sensitivity, through MO effects, not only to the flux of the photospheric magnetic field, but also to the fraction of the resolution element that the magnetic field occupies.Conclusions.We identify the linear polarization angle in the wings of strong resonance lines as a valuable observable for diagnosing unresolved magnetic fields. Used in combination with observables that encode information on the magnetic flux and other properties of the observed atmospheric region (e.g., temperature and density), it can provide constraints on the filling factor of the magnetic field.
Comparison of Two Drainage Systems on Chronic Subdural Hematoma Recurrence
Authors: Takroni Radwan , Zagzoog Nirmeen , Patel Nimita , Martyniuk Amanda , Singh Sheila , Farrokhyar Forough , Trivedi Arunachala , Alotaibi Mazen , Algird Almunder 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common type of intracranial hemorrhage, especially among the elderly, with a recurrence rate as high as 33%. Little is known about the best type of drainage system and its relationship with recurrence. In this study, we compare the use of two drainage systems on the recurrence rate of CSDH.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed the charts of 172 CSDH patients treated with bedside twist drill craniostomy (TDC) and subdural drain insertion. Patients were divided into two groups: group A (n = 123) received a pediatric size nasogastric tube [NGT]), whereas group B (n = 49) had a drain commonly used for external ventricular drainage (EVD). Various demographic and radiologic data were collected. Our main outcome was recurrence, defined as symptomatic re-accumulation of hematoma on the previously operated side within 3 months.
Results In all, 212 cases of CSDH were treated in 172 patients. The majority of patients were male (78%) and had a history of previous head trauma (73%). Seventeen cases had recurrence, 11 in group A and 6 in group B. The use of antiplatelet and anticoagulation agents was associated with recurrence (p = 0.038 and 0.05, respectively). There was no difference between both groups in terms of recurrence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49–4.08; p = 0.573).
Conclusion CSDH is a common disease with a high rate of recurrence. Although using a drain postoperatively has shown to reduce the incidence of recurrence, little is known about the best type of drain to use. Our analysis showed no difference in the recurrence rate between using the pediatric size NGT and the EVD catheter post-TDC.
Surgically Relevant Morphological Parameters of the L5–S1 Interlaminar Window: A Statistical Analysis Based on 3D Reconstruction of CT Data
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Fan Guoxin , Yin Bangde , Zhou Zhi , Qiang Minfei , Wang Jin , Chen Yanxi , Zhang Hailong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background The interlaminar window is the most important anatomical corridor during the posterior approach for lumbar and lumbosacral pathologies. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the L5–S1 interlaminar window including accurate measurements may be beneficial for the surgeon. The aim of this study was to measure relevant surgical parameters of the L5–S1 interlaminar window based on 3D reconstruction of lumbar computed tomography (CT).
Methods Fifty thin-layer CT data were retrospectively collected, segmented, and reconstructed. Relevant surgical parameters included the width, left height, right height, interpedicular distance (IPD), area, and suitable approach area of the L5–S1 interlaminar window. Morphological measurements were performed independently by two experienced experts. Patients with disk herniation at L5–S1 were regarded as group A (n = 28) and those without L5–S1 disk herniation were regarded as group B (n = 22).
Results The average left height, right height, width, and area of the L5–S1 interlaminar window were 9.14 ± 2.45 mm, 9.55 ± 2.46 mm, 23.55 ± 4.91 mm, and 144.57 ± 57.05 mm2, respectively. The average IPD at the superior, middle, and inferior pedicle levels was 29.29 ± 3.39, 27.96 ± 3.38, and 37.46 ± 4.23 mm, respectively, with significant differences among these three parameters (p < 0.05). The average suitable approach areas of the L5–S1 interlaminar window were the following: left axilla—24.52 ± 15.91 mm2; left shoulder—27.14 ± 15.48 mm2; right axilla—29.95 ± 17.17 mm2; and right shoulder—31.12 ± 16.40 mm2 (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences between groups A and B in these parameters (p > 0.05), except the inferior IPD (36.69 ± 3.73 vs. 39.23 ± 3.01 mm, p = 0.017 < 0.05).
Conclusion The morphological measurement of the L5–S1 interlaminar window based on 3D reconstruction provided accurate and reliable reference data for posterior microsurgical and endoscopic approaches as well as percutaneous infiltrations.