bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN SUBGROUPS OF ASTHMATIC CHILDREN
Authors: Purcell Kenneth 
Published: December 2021

The present investigation was designed to explore further the hypothesis that asthma is more often employed as a learned, defensive-adaptive response by rapidly remitting than by steroid dependent asthmatic children. Specifically, it was predicted that rapidly remitting, as compared to steroid dependent children, would more often report emotional arousal with negative affect as provocative of asthma.
A simple, structured interview procedure for obtaining data on children's perceptions of the precipitants of asthmatic attacks was described in some detail. The results of interviews with 38 children (20 rapidly remitting and 18 steroid dependent) offered support for the main hypothesis. In addition, extrinsic factors such as colds, allergies, and weath variations, particularly the latter, were reported as precipitants of asthma more frequently by the steroid dependent than by the rapidly remitting children. On the basis of some of the obtained data, an explanation of the relationship between crying and asthma was offered as an alternative hypothesis to the well-known concept of asthma as a symbolic, suppressed cry for the mother.
Pica and Milk Intake
Authors: CATZEL PINCUS 
Published: December 2021

The article of Gutelius et al., called "Nutritional Studies of Children with Pica" (Pediatrics, 29:1012, 1962) has just come to my notice. I would like to compare my experiences in Klerksdorp, a mining town in the Western Transvaal, Republic of South Africa. In Klerksdorp I deal mainly with white patients of good nutritional status and "middle-class" income group. Housing is good, and every house has its own garden.
My cases of pica fall into the sand-eating group—only one in 36 which I've investigated had a craving for cigarette ash, and none for paper, plaster, dirt, or laundry starch.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: EICHENWALD HEINZ F. 
Published: December 2021

Doctor Harvie's letter contains a number of assertions, none of which are supported by valid evidence. He reports his experience, which conflicts with that obtained under controlled conditions in nurseries specifically constructed to obtain such observations. He is certainly entitled to his opinions, but they are no more than that.
My associates and I have had the opportunity of studying a farily large number of outbreaks of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Esch. coli disease in a variety of different hospital nurseries: we were uniformly impressed by the fact that the most rigid application of "Listerian principles" failed to control these epidemics, or for that matter, decreased colonization rates significantly.
PERIPHERAL BLOOD AND BILIRUBIN VALUES IN NORMAL FULL-TERM PRIMAQUINE-SENSITIVE NEGRO INFANTS: EFFECT OF VITAMIN K
Authors: Zinkham William H. 
Published: December 2021

Serial determinations of hematocrit, reticulocyte, and bilirubin values were carried out during the first 8 days of life in 30 fullterm primaquine-sensitive Negro infants placed on three different schedules of vitamin K prophylaxis: 10 did not receive vitamin K, 10 were given 2.5 to 7.5 mg of the tetrasodium diphosphate salt of menadione (Synkavite) intramuscularly, and 10 received 1.0 to 18.75 mg of vitamin K1 (Konakion) intramuscularly during the first 24 hours of life. Similar observations were made on 60 full-term Negro infants who had normal or only slightly decreased levels of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Although none of the infants manifested bilirubin levels greater than 14.5 mg/100 ml, the values in the primaquine-sensitive infants not given vitamin K were significantly higher than those observed in the other babies on the fifth and eighth days of life. The bilirubin values in all the infants were similar during the first day of life; maximal levels, however, occurred later in 5 of the 10 primaquine-sensitive infants who did not receive vitamin K.
Reticulocyte counts were elevated in many of the primaquine-sensitive infants, regardless of their vitamin K grouping. The primaquine-sensitive infants could not be differentiated from normal babies on the basis of hematocrit values, the occurrence of Heinz bodies, and the morphology of the erythrocytes.
The suggestion is made that primaquine-sensitive Negro newborn infants have a shortened survival time of the erythrocyte, predisposing them to the development of hyperbilirubinemia. Furthermore it is suggested that the capacity of some primaquine-sensitive infants to maintain normal bilirubin levels in the face of increased bilirubin formation is affected by the administration of vitamin K1.
Reasons are given for using vitamin K1 rather than the water-soluble analogues of vitamin K, in the prophylaxis of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. A dose of 18.75 mg of vitamin K1 was given safely to four primaquine-sensitive full-term Negro newborn infants. Until there is conclusive evidence that these large doses are necessarily beneficial, then no more than 2.0 mg of vitamin K1 should be given to these infants.
Screw Caps for Baby Food Jars (Statement for Physicians)
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION
Published: December 2021

In compliance with the American mother's demand for maximum convenience in feeding her infant, baby food manufacturers have introduced screw cap closures for jars containing infant foods. These caps permit easy opening and reclosure, which mothers like, but also present a potential health hazard.
Experience shows that some people, unaware of, or indifferent to, the dangers of bacterial contamination, open jars of baby food in the store, sometimes taste them, and return them to the shelves. Contaminated jars then present a hazard. Manufacturers have devised means of indicating whether or not a jar has been opened but safety can be achieved only if the consumer is aware of these and makes proper use of them.
EVIDENCE THAT THE ANTIDIURETIC SUBSTANCE IN THE PLASMA OF CHILDREN WITH NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS IS ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE
Authors: Holliday Malcolm A. , Burstin Charles , Harrah Jean 
Published: December 2021

The antidiuretic activity in the plasma of four children with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus was measured by a rat assay technique. The evidence presented to indicate that this activity was due to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was as follows: (a) the activity was higher in jugular vein plasma than in femoral or antecubital vein plasma, (b) it was high when the children were thirsted and decreased when they drank water, (c) it was destroyed when the plasma was incubated with thioglycollate, and (d) it was ultrafilterable, and vasopressin (Pitressin), when injected, was distributed as though it was ultrafilterable.
When the children were given vasopressin, there was no change in urine flow or osmolality, but plasma antidiuretic activity was higher than it was when water deprivation led to a reduction in urine flow and an increase in urine osmolality. The inference of these findings is that ADH is secreted normally in children with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, it is ultrafilterable, but it is not a factor in modifying urine flow in response to dehydration.
ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION: CURRENT CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Smith Margaret H. D. 
Published: December 2021

THE PRACTICAL ASPECTS of immunization have changed in the last few years, and are inevitably destined to change continuously. Not only does modern science keep producing newer and more potent vaccines, but the vaccines themselves alter the distribution of disease agents and thereby the epidemiologic pattern of disease. As Batson and Christie have expressed it: "Immunization procedure is a dynamic subject in need of constant evaluation."
DIPHTHERIA
Nowhere does this phenomenon seem more clearcut than in the case of diphtheria. Whereas 25 years ago a basic course of immunization against diphtheria was essential, repeated natural exposure could be relied upon to boost that immunity throughout later childhood and adolescence. Nowadays the disease itself has become so relatively uncommon in many areas that we need to be reminded by articles like that of Doege, Heath, and Sherman in a recent issue of Pediatrics that 900 cases of diphtheria do occur annually in the United States, and that these cases tend to be grouped in states where immunization programs lag. Because of the very scarcity, in most places, of opportunity for natural exposure, there is an appreciable number of adolescents and adults who, even though immunized in childhood, has again become fully susceptible to infection with Corynebacterium diphtheriae. This falling off of immunity with increasing age must account for small outbreaks of diphtheria among older people in institutions, and for cases in recent years among certain "skid row" groups. It is the reason behind the long schedule of diphtheria toxoid inoculations recommended in the so-called Red Book of the Academy of Pediatrics.
Sterility and Exchange Transfusions
Authors: BROWNLEE ALBERT W. , KRAMER JOHN C. 
Published: December 2021

During the process of performing exchange transfusions on babies with hyper-bilirubinemia, we have come across some information we feel is of vital importance for all physicians who are doing these procedures.
It is common practice of this hospital to perform the procedure under sterile operative conditions within the surgical rooms of the hospital. The procedure used is that of inserting a feeding tube into the umbilical vein for the injection and withdrawal of the blood. In July of 1962, we had reports of two of our infants, who had these exchange transfusions within two weeks of each other, developed staphylococcal septicemia, one of which was fatal. In reviewing the techniques used in the procedure, we came across the following information:
CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS OF DIPHTHERIA
Authors: Morgan Beverly C. 
Published: December 2021

Ninety-eight cases of diphtheria were observed in a 5½ year period, and the cardiac findings were evaluated. There were nine deaths. Three patients were dead on arrival
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at the hospital (without postmortem evidence of myocarditis) while three died of diphtheritic myocarditis and three as a result of respiratory complications. No child who succumbed had been immunized against diphtheria. Four patients developed electrocardiographic and clinical evidence of myocarditis, and three died. In addition, 27 children showed minor electrocardiographic abnormalities of questionable significance. No patient had clinical or pathological evidence of myocarditis in the absence of electrocardiographic abnormalities. Although transient nonspecific electrocardiorgaphic abnormalities are frequent, their significance remains unclear. Marked electrocardiographic abnormalities such as bundle-branch block, A-V dissociation, and complete heart block are diagnostic of myocarditis in patients with diphtheria.
CARCINOMA OF THE COLON IN CHILDREN
Authors: Middelkamp J. Neal , Haffner Heinz 
Published: December 2021

Two cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the colon are presented. Patient C.P. had a highly undifferentiated, signet ring type of adenocarcinoma and survived only 3 months. Patient P.G. had a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma with early, adequate resection of the lesion and has survived 8 years with no evidence of recurrence.
The literature on carcinoma of the colon in children under 17 years of age is reviewed. There are twice as many boys with this disease as girls. Abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, weight loss, blood in the stool, abdominal distension, and anorexia were common symptoms. The most common physical findings were the presence of an abdominal mass, abdominal distension and tenderness, anemia, and dehydration. These signs and symptoms are similar to those seen in adults with this disease.
Approximately 50% of these children had a highly invasive, signet ring type of adenocarcinoma on microscopic examination. This type of carcinoma is rare in adults. Those patients with a signet ring type of adenocarcinoma have a very poor prognosis. However, the remaining 50% had well-dif-ferentiated adenocarcinoma where early diagnosis and adequate surgical resection could reduce the mortality.
RECOMMENDATIONS ON FORMULA SUPPLY IN THE HOSPITAL
Authors:   Committee on Fetus and Newborn
Published: December 2021

In the process of preparing a new revision of the manual, Standards and Recommendations for Hospital Care of Newborn Infants, the Committee on Fetus and Newborn established a new set of standards concerning preparation and handling of formula supply in the hospital.
Because of the current interest in formula supply, brought about by recent technological changes, the Committee decided to issue the standards as a separate statement. It will later appear as a section in the revised edition of Standards and Recommendations of Hospital Care of Newborn Infants.
Responsibility for the policies regarding feeding of infants in nurseries must be assigned to designated members of the medical staff. They make all decisions about prescription, acceptability, preparation, and distribution of formula. They also set up control and review procedures.
Three principal methods for providing formula to nursery infants are currently available in the United States. Their relative efficacies cannot be evaluated at this time, but all should meet basic standardized requirements.
The three methods are: (1) preparation of the formula entirely in the hospital formula room; (2) final preparation of formula in the hospital from components, pre-sterilized, packaged, and delivered by an ourside source; (3) use of individually packaged pre-steriuized formula delivered by an outside source.
In providing formula for infants, attention must be given to the following:
Facilities
Personnel and their responsibilities
Formula preparation
Safety standards and quality control
A. Facilities
Facilities necessary for the preparation of formula depend on the method used in providing the formula.
1. Formula Room
EXERCISING TESTING IN ADULT NORMAL SUBJECTS AND CARDIAC PATIENTS
Authors: Bruce R. A. , Blackmon J. R. , Jones J. W. , Strait G. 
Published: December 2021

1. Several approaches to assessment of physical work capacity in the upright posture in normal adults and cardiac patients have been reviewed critically.
2. Preliminary experience has been presented with a new multistage treadmill test of maximal exercise which permits appraisal of either a physically trained normal subject or an impaired but ambulatory cardiac patient.
3. The most effective means of differentiating cardiacs from normals has been an estimate of the total oxygen intake/Kg of body weight.
4. The need for monitoring the circulation with respect to arrhythmias, ischemia and/or hypotension has been emphasized.
The authors wish to acknowledge their appreciation of many physicians, particularly Dr. Robert M. Levenson of the Seattle Cardiac Work Evaluation Clinic, and medical and graduate students who have assisted in the testing of patients and normals. The assistance of Mrs. Gladys Pettet is gratefully acknowledged also.
CARDIAC ARREST DURING STRENUOUS EXERCISE IN A PATIENT WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Authors: Kattus Albert A. 
Published: December 2021

THE FOLLOWING CASE is presented in order to introduce a note of caution into consideration of the advisability of recommending unmonitored exercise for patients with heart disease.
The patient is a 24 year old third year medical student who had been known to have a heart murmur since birth. He had lived a vigorously active life and had participated in high school football as well as snow skiing in more recent years. At the age of 19 he underwent a detailed cardiac work-up including right heart catheterization at another hospital. The findings at that time included a normal examination except for a grade III/VI blowing pansystolic murmur at the 4th left intercostal space. The chest x-ray disclosed a normal cardiac silhouette with normal pulmonary vascularity. The electrocardiogram disclosed right bundle branch block and left axis deviation.
Cardiac catheterization disclosed systolic pressure of 30 mm. Hg. in the right ventricle and 23 in the pulmonary artery. There was O2 saturation of 78 per cent in the superior vena cava and 75 per cent in the inferior vena cava. In the high and mid right atrium O2 saturations ranged from 76 per cent to 80 per cent. Low in the atrium, just above the tricuspid valve, there was a small step-up of O2 saturation to 83 per cent and similar saturations were found in the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. The findings suggested a small shunt from left ventricle to right atrium of the type seen in the transitional form of atrio-ventricular communis.
During the two weeks prior to the present event the patient and his roommate who was also a third year medical student, had undertaken to improve their physical conditioning by performing the Canadian Air Force series of calisthenic exercises.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: WHEATLEY GEORGE M. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Siebenthal's letter points up an important practical problem of which our Committee on International Child Health has been much aware ever since we began to function. There is a need for pediatricians to help in many foreign countries and in a variety of conditions including short-term assignments.
The organization sponsoring short-term medical assignments with which I am most familiar is MEDICO. They have been quite successful in enlisting orthopods and gynecologists for one-month assignments, notably in Jordan and South Vietnam.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: PRYLES CHARLES V. 
Published: December 2021

Several points occur to us in regard to Dr. K. G. Johnson's letter questioning you in detail about our article of April, 1963.
We would like to point out that the article contains a plethora of statistical information; however, retrospective cross table data analysis of this sort does not necessarily result in statistically valid disclosures.
His first question can be answered simply. Thirty-four infants received antibiotics. Six infants received antibiotics because of other indications, i.e., they did not show clinical sepsis. None of these became ill or died. Twenty-nine infants showed clinical symptoms and signs of sepsis. Twenty-eight were treated with antibiotics and one was not. Five of these died, including the one who received no antibiotics.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: KRIEGER INGEBORG 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Robbins' comments in his letter to the editor offer certainly an attractive explanation for the phenomena observed in bronchiolitis, although Engel's opinion concerning the functional significance of the bronchiolar muscles is not shared by all investigators.
The fact that bronchiolitis occurs in this form, severity and rapidity only in infants may not be fully explained by the smaller size of the bronchioles in infancy, since they are in terms of ultimate size relatively large.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: PRESS EDWARD 
Published: December 2021

This suggestion has been made several times in the past and our Committee on Accidental Poisoning, together with one of the major manufacturers have explored it in some detail. The manufacturer concluded (perhaps erroneously) that the increased cost and repeated shopping excursions involved would tend to make many families either buy two or three bottles at a time or to use a half or a third of the adult aspirins instead.
I still think, like you, it is a good idea but we have been unable to convince the industry. I doubt that it is legally likely that we could prohibit packaging in sizes exceeding 25 tablets for household use. This could not be done under the existing laws and it would require a revision to the Federal Food and Drug legislation.
ATTENTION: Pediatricians
Authors: CORNELY DONALD A. 
Published: December 2021

The Joint Committee studying Pediatric Research, Education, and Practice (PREP) composed of representatives from and under the jurisdiction of the American Academy of Pediatrics, American Board of Pediatrics, American Pediatric Society, American Society for Pediatric Research, and Pediatric Section of the A.M.A. is working actively to collect information considered essential to further the care of children in this country and to strengthen the role of pediatricians and pediatrics as the specialty for child care.
During this current year (1964), efforts are being directed toward assembling opinions and data needed by the American Board of Pediatrics in its continuing appraisal of the appropriateness of pediatric residency training programs. THE JUDGMENTS OF PHYSICIANS ACTIVELY ENGAGED IN PEDIATRICS REPRESENT THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE OF INFORMATION THAT WILL BE COLLECTED. To this end, plans are being completed to query all pediatricians in the United States so we may have the benefit of their knowledge and recommendations.
From time to time you may receive questionnaires developed by commercial establishments that purport to answer various questions before the pediatric community. Please appreciate the PREP Committee's intention to seek your opinions this year and that the future of Pediatrics is dependent on your sincere participation in our study. Use your good judgment in deciding whether or not to contribute to enterprises whose commercial purposes are remote from that of this official Pediatric Research, Education, and Practice Committee. To assure success, your wholehearted support of the work of the Pediatric survey committee is required.
REACTIONS TO THE THREATENED LOSS OF A CHILD: A VULNERABLE CHILD SYNDROME
Authors: Green Morris , Solnit Albert J. 
Published: December 2021

1. A group of clinical features constituting a vulnerable child syndrome is reported and described in 25 children with a history of an illness or accident from which they recovered although the parents were expecting a fatal outcome.
2. This paper describes a study of this group based on the hypothesis that children who are expected by their parents to die prematurely often react with a disturbance in psychosocial development and in the parent-child relationship.
3. Outstanding clinical features include difficulty with separation, infantile behavior, bodily overconcerns, and school underachievement.
4. Predisposing factors and determinants of the symptomatology are discussed along with suggestions for management and prevention.
FECAL RETENTION IN CHILDREN WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: Snyder William H. , Gwinn John L. , Landing Benjamin H. , Asay Lyal D. 
Published: December 2021

Three older children, ages 7, 11, and 18 years old with cystic fibrosis who developed fecal retention requiring operation are reported. One had an asymptomatic right lower quadrant mass which suggested a cecal tumor both by barium enema and at the time of operation. In this patient, a right colon resection was performed. The other two showed signs of acute intestinal obstruction requiring laparotomy. In one, the retained fecal material was so firm and tenacious that it could not be removed through an enterotomy incision and a bowel resection was performed. Six months later the patient again developed intestinal obstruction due to retained fecal material. At this time, an enterostomy allowed removal of the obstructing feces. In the other patient, the acute obstruction could be relieved by "milking" the inspissated feces through the ileo-cecal valve.
A review of the literature reveals that now 19 cases of this entity have been reported. Retained impacted fecal material requiring surgical intervention in older children with cystic fibrosis has been documented. It is important for the pediatrician, roentgenologist, and the surgeon to be aware of this complication. It is probable, although not yet proved, that the regular administration of adequate amounts of pancreatin will be helpful in avoiding the occurrence and recurrence of this condition. The use of a laxative diet, lubricative cathartics, and enemas as necessary is advised.