bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting new major depression symptoms from long working hours, psychosocial safety climate and work engagement: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Zadow Amy Jane , Dollard Maureen F , Dormann Christian , Landsbergis Paul 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesThis study sought to assess the association between long working hours, psychosocial safety climate (PSC), work engagement (WE) and new major depression symptoms emerging over the next 12 months. PSC is the work climate supporting workplace psychological health.SettingAustralian prospective cohort population data from the states of New South Wales, Western Australia and South Australia.ParticipantsAt Time 1, there were 3921 respondents in the sample. Self-employed, casual temporary, unclassified, those with working hours <35 (37% of 2850) and participants with major depression symptoms at Time 1 (6.7% of 1782) were removed. The final sample was a population-based cohort of 1084 full-time Australian employees.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe planned and measured outcomes were new cases of major depression symptoms.ResultsLong working hours were not significantly related to new cases of major depression symptoms; however, when mild cases were removed, the 41–48 and ≥55 long working hour categories were positively related to major depression symptoms. Low PSC was associated with a threefold increase in risk for new major depression symptoms. PSC was not related to long working hours, and long working hours did not mediate the relationship between PSC and new cases of major depression symptoms. The inverse relationship between PSC and major depression symptoms was stronger for males than females. Additional analyses identified that WE was positively related to long working hours. Long working hours (41–48 and ≥55 hours) mediated a positive relationship between WE and major depression symptoms when mild cases of major depression were removed.ConclusionThe results suggest that low workplace PSC and potentially long working hours (41–48; ≥55 hours/week) increase the risk of new major depression symptoms. Furthermore, high WE may increase long working hours and subsequent major depression symptoms.
Birth defects surveillance after assisted reproductive technology in Beijing: a whole of population-based cohort study
Authors: Zhang Lu , Zhang Wen , Xu Hongyan , Liu Kaibo 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo compare the differences in the prevalence of birth defects among offspring conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART) and conceived spontaneously (non-ART), and assess the contribution of ART to birth defects.DesignA population-based retrospective cohort study.SettingBeijing.ParticipantsPregnant women whose expected date of childbirth was verified as occurring between October 2014 and September 2015, and were registered on the Beijing Maternal and Child Health Information Network System, were the recorded pregnancy outcomes. 2699 ART offspring and 191 368 non-ART offspring (live births, stillbirths and medical terminations) were included in our study.InterventionsNone.Outcome measuresRisk ratios (RR) for birth defects were calculated among ART conceptions and non-ART conceptions with confounding factors by using logistic regression models.Results194 067 offspring were included in the present study, and 2699 (1.4%) were conceived using ART. Among all the births, the prevalence of any birth defect in the ART offspring (5.5%) was significantly higher than in the non-ART offspring (3.8%) (crude RR, 1.49, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.76). After adjusting for confounding factors, ART use was still associated with an increased risk of any birth defect (5.4% vs 3.5% in ART and non-ART group, adjusted RR (aRR), 1.43, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.90), especially for chromosomal abnormalities (0.5% vs 0.2% in ART and non-ART group, aRR, 3.11, 95% CI 1.28 to 7.58), in singleton births to mothers <35 years. Circulatory system malformations and musculoskeletal system malformations were observed to have a non-significant increase in offspring conceived by ART. However, the associations between ART and birth defects were not detected in multiple births or mothers ≥35 years.ConclusionsThis study confirmed a small but significant association between ART and birth defects. However, the risk tends to be non-significant under the conditions of advanced maternal age or multiple pregnancies.
Role of social deprivation on asthma care quality among a cohort of children in US community health centres
Authors: Lucas Jennifer A , Marino Miguel , Fankhauser Katie , Bazemore Andrew , Giebultowicz Sophia , Cowburn Stuart , Kaufmann Jorge , Ezekiel-Herrera David , Heintzman John 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveSocial deprivation is associated with worse asthma outcomes. The Social Deprivation Index is a composite measure of social determinants of health used to identify neighbourhood-level disadvantage in healthcare. Our objective was to determine if higher neighbourhood-level social deprivation is associated with documented asthma care quality measures among children treated at community health centres (CHCs).Methods (setting, participants, outcome measures)We used data from CHCs in 15 states in the Accelerating Data Value Across a National Community Health Center Network (ADVANCE). The sample included 34 266 children with asthma from 2008 to 2017, aged 3–17 living in neighbourhoods with differing levels of social deprivation measured using quartiles of the Social Deprivation Index score. We conducted logistic regression to examine the odds of problem list documentation of asthma and asthma severity, and negative binomial regression for rates of albuterol, inhaled steroid and oral steroid prescription adjusted for patient-level covariates.ResultsChildren from the most deprived neighbourhoods had increased rates of albuterol (rate ratio (RR)=1.22, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.32) compared with those in the least deprived neighbourhoods, while the point estimate for inhaled steroids was higher, but fell just short of significance at the alpha=0.05 level (RR=1.16, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.34). We did not observe community-level differences in problem list documentation of asthma or asthma severity.ConclusionsHigher neighbourhood-level social deprivation was associated with more albuterol and inhaled steroid prescriptions among children with asthma, while problem list documentation of asthma and asthma severity varied little across neighbourhoods with differing deprivation scores. While the homogeneity of the CHC safety net setting studied may mitigate variation in diagnosis and documentation of asthma, enhanced clinician awareness of differences in community risk could help target paediatric patients at risk of lower quality asthma care.
Comparison of predicted psychological distress among workers between artificial intelligence and psychiatrists: a cross-sectional study in Tsukuba Science City, Japan
Authors: Doki Shotaro , Sasahara Shinichiro , Hori Daisuke , Oi Yuichi , Takahashi Tsukasa , Shiraki Nagisa , Ikeda Yu , Ikeda Tomohiko , Arai Yo , Muroi Kei , Matsuzaki Ichiyo 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesPsychological distress is a worldwide problem and a serious problem that needs to be addressed in the field of occupational health. This study aimed to use artificial intelligence (AI) to predict psychological distress among workers using sociodemographic, lifestyle and sleep factors, not subjective information such as mood and emotion, and to examine the performance of the AI models through a comparison with psychiatrists.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingWe conducted a survey on psychological distress and living conditions among workers. An AI model for predicting psychological distress was created and then the results were compared in terms of accuracy with predictions made by psychiatrists.ParticipantsAn AI model of the neural network and six psychiatrists.Primary outcomeThe accuracies of the AI model and psychiatrists for predicting psychological distress.MethodsIn total, data from 7251 workers were analysed to predict moderate and severe psychological distress. An AI model of the neural network was created and accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Six psychiatrists used the same data as the AI model to predict psychological distress and conduct a comparison with the AI model.ResultsThe accuracies of the AI model and psychiatrists for predicting moderate psychological distress were 65.2% and 64.4%, respectively, showing no significant difference. The accuracies of the AI model and psychiatrists for predicting severe psychological distress were 89.9% and 85.5%, respectively, indicating that the AI model had significantly higher accuracy.ConclusionsA machine learning model was successfully developed to screen workers with depressed mood. The explanatory variables used for the predictions did not directly ask about mood. Therefore, this newly developed model appears to be able to predict psychological distress among workers easily, regardless of their subjective views.
Knowledge, training and willingness to perform bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation among university students in Chongqing, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mao Jiani , Chen Feng , Xing Dianguo , Zhou Huixian , Jia Ling , Zhang Yan 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among Chinese college students and their attitude towards participating in CPR training and willingness to perform bystander CPR.DesignA cross-sectional study.ParticipantsA total of 1128 college students were selected through a multistage stratified random sampling method from 12 universities in Chongqing, China.Primary and secondary outcomesPrimary outcomes included CPR knowledge and willingness to participate in training and perform bystander CPR; secondary outcomes included CPR training experience and obstacles to training and performing CPR.ResultsThe average score on CPR knowledge was 2.078 (±1.342). Only 45.5% of the respondents were willing to participate in CPR training. Women, respondents who were postgraduate or above, with liberal arts as major and with high CPR knowledge level were more willing to participate in CPR training. A total of 47.2% of the respondents were willing to provide simple assistance, such as checking the consciousness and breathing of the patient and dialling 120 (medical emergency call). Only 34.1% indicated their willingness to perform bystander CPR on strangers. Perceived behavioural control, behavioural attitudes and subjective norms are positive predictors of willingness to provide bystander CPR.ConclusionsCPR knowledge and training rate were low among Chongqing college students. Willingness to participate in training and perform bystander CPR was also low. Improving legislation, strengthening training programmes, incorporating CPR training into the school curriculum and reshaping the social and public culture of offering timely help to those in need are recommended strategies to improve bystander CPR performance.
Functional results of total-knee arthroplasty versus medial unicompartmental arthroplasty: two-year results of a randomised, assessor-blinded multicentre trial
Authors: Knifsund Jani , Niinimaki Tuukka , Nurmi Heikki , Toom Alar , Keemu Hannes , Laaksonen Inari , Seppänen Matti , Liukas Antti , Pamilo Konsta , Vahlberg T , Äärimaa Ville , Mäkelä KT 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe primary objective of the trial was to assess the clinical effectiveness of medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty versus total knee arthroplasty in patients with isolated medial osteoarthritis of the knee.DesignProspective, randomised, 2 years, assessor-blind, multicentre, superiority trial.SettingThe patients were enrolled between December 2015 and May 2018 from the outpatient clinics of three public high-volume arthroplasty hospitals (Finland).ParticipantsWe recruited 143 patients with symptomatic-isolated medial osteoarthritis of the knee needing an arthroplasty procedure. All the patients were suitable for both unicompartmental and total knee arthroplasties. Population was selected as the end-stage-isolated medial osteoarthritis.InterventionsAll patients, randomized 1:1, received a medial unicompartmental arthroplasty or a total knee arthroplasty through a similar midline skin incision. Patients were blinded to the type of arthroplasty for the whole 2 years of follow-up.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome measure was between-group differences in the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and secondary outcome Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Score (KOOS) at 2 years postoperatively. The changes within and between the groups were analysed with analysis of variance for repeated measurements.ResultsThe primary outcome was comparable for medial unicompartmental arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty at 2 years. The mean difference in the OKS between the groups was 1.6 points (95% CI −0.7 to 3.9). In the KOOS subscales, the mean difference between the groups was 0.1 points (95% CI −4.8 to 5.0) for pain, 7.8 points (95% CI 1.5 to 14.0) for symptoms, 4.3 points (95% CI −0.6 to 9.2) for function in daily living, 4.3 points (95% CI −3.0 to 11.6) for function in sports, and 2.1 points (95% CI −4.8 to 9.1) for knee-related quality of life.ConclusionsThe recovery after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty was faster compared with total knee arthroplasty, but unicompartmental arthroplasty did not provide a better patient-reported outcome at 2 years.Trial registration numberNCT02481427.
Children with neurodisability and feeding difficulties: a UK survey of parent-delivered interventions
Authors: Taylor Helen , Pennington Lindsay , Craig Dawn , Morris Christopher , McConachie Helen , Cadwgan Jill , Sellers Diane , Andrew Morag , Smith Johanna , Garland Deborah , McColl Elaine , Buswell Charlotte , Thomas Julian , Colver Allan , Parr Jeremy 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundEating, drinking and swallowing difficulties (EDSD) are common in children with neurodisability, and have physical and non-physical causes. EDSD have substantial impacts on the child and family. Little is currently documented about what advice is usually given by professionals, including the interventions commonly used, and what informally constitutes ‘best clinical practice’. We aimed to identify current UK practice of parent-delivered interventions for EDSD for children with neurodisability, and the outcomes valued by professionals and parents.MethodsTwo populations were sampled: health professionals working with children and young people (aged 0–18 years) with neurodisability who experience EDSD (n=421); parents of children with neurodisability aged up to 12 years who experience EDSD (n=359). Questionnaires were developed based on the findings from updates of three systematic reviews, a mapping review of interventions used with this population, and in consultation with health professionals and parents. The questionnaires were distributed through UK health professional and parent networks and mainstream and specialist schools.ResultsDiverse professional groups, including speech and language therapists, occupational therapists, paediatricians and dietitians, support children with EDSD and neurodisability. A range of parent-delivered interventions, such as food and drink modification, positioning and modification of mealtime environment, were recommended by health professionals and are used by and acceptable to parents. Health professionals thought the interventions were effective but parents’ views were less consistent. Both health professionals and parents rated better general health and improved nutrition as the most important outcomes.ConclusionsThese survey findings outline current UK practice of parent-delivered interventions for EDSD in young children with neurodisability. The survey suggests key outcomes to measure in assessing the effectiveness of interventions. Further research is now needed to fully evaluate the effectiveness of interventions and move towards an evidence-based approach to best practice.
Location of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and the awareness time interval: a nationwide observational study
Authors: Kim Seo Young , Lee Sun Young , Kim Tae Han , Shin Sang Do , Song Kyoung Jun , Park Jeong Ho 
Published: June 2021

AimsA short awareness time interval (ATI, time from witnessing the arrest to calling for help) and bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are important factors affecting neurological recovery after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This study investigated the association of the location of OHCA with the length of ATI and bystander CPR.MethodsThis population-based observational study used the nationwide Korea OHCA database and included all adults with layperson-witnessed OHCA with presumed cardiac aetiology between 2013 and 2017. The exposure was the location of OHCA (public places, private housing and nursing facilities). The primary outcome was short ATI, defined as <4 min from witnessing to calling for emergency medical service (EMS). The secondary outcome was the frequency of provision of bystander CPR. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of location of OHCA with study outcomes.ResultsOf 30 373 eligible OHCAs, 66.6% occurred in private housing, 24.0% occurred in public places and 9.4% occurred in nursing facilities. In 67.3% of the cases, EMS was activated within 4 min of collapse, most frequently in public places (public places 77.0%, private housing 64.2% and nursing facilities 64.8%; p<0.01). The overall rate of bystander CPR was 65.5% with highest in nursing facilities (77.0%), followed by public places (70.1%) and private housing 62.3%; p<0.01). Compared with public places, the adjusted ORs (AORs) (95% CIs) for a short ATI were 0.58 (0.54 to 0.62) in private housing and 0.62 (0.56 to 0.69) in nursing facilities. The AORs (95% CIs) for bystander CPR were 0.75 (0.71 to 0.80) in private housing and 1.57 (1.41 to 1.75) in nursing facilities.ConclusionOHCAs in private housing and nursing facilities were less likely to have immediate EMS activation after collapse than in public places. A public education is needed to increase the awareness of necessity of prompt EMS activation.
Prenatal exercise and cardiovascular health (PEACH) study: the remote effect of aerobic exercise training on conduit artery and resistance vessel function
Authors: Boparai Rakhbeer , Skow Rachel J. , Farooq Sauleha , Steinback Craig D. , Davenport Margie H. 
Published: June 2021

We assessed the impact of a structured lower-limb aerobic exercise training intervention during pregnancy on brachial artery endothelial function, shear rate and patterns, and forearm blood flow and reactive hyperemia. Twenty-seven pregnant women were recruited and randomized into either a control group (n = 11; 31.0 ± 0.7 years), or an exercise intervention group (n = 16; 32.6 ± 0.9 years). The exercise group completed 40 minutes of aerobic exercise (50–70% heart rate reserve) 3–4 times per week, between the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD, normalized for shear stress) at pre- (16–20 weeks) and post-intervention (34–36 weeks). The exercise training group experienced an attenuated increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) relative to the control group (ΔMAP exercise: +2 ± 2 mm Hg vs. control: +7 ± 3 mm Hg; p = 0.044) from pre- to post-intervention. % FMD change corrected for shear stress was not different between groups (p = 0.460); however, the post-occlusion mean flow rate (exercise: 437 ± 32 mL/min vs. control: 364 ± 35 mL/min; p = 0.001) and post-occlusion anterograde flow rate (exercise: 438 ± 32 mL/min vs. control: 364 ± 46 mL/min; p = 0.001) were larger for the exercise training group compared with controls, post-intervention. Although endothelial function was not different between groups, we observed an increase in microcirculatory dilatory capacity, as suggested by the augmented reactive hyperemia in the exercise training group. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02948439. Novelty: Endothelial function was not altered with exercise training during pregnancy. Exercise training did contribute to improved cardiovascular outcomes, which may have been associated with augmented reactive hyperemia, indicative of increased microcirculatory dilatory capacity.
Secondary vertex finding in jets with neural networks
Authors: Shlomi Jonathan , Ganguly Sanmay , Gross Eilam , Cranmer Kyle , Lipman Yaron , Serviansky Hadar , Maron Haggai , Segol Nimrod 
Published: June 2021

AbstractJet classification is an important ingredient in measurements and searches for new physics at particle colliders, and secondary vertex reconstruction is a key intermediate step in building powerful jet classifiers. We use a neural network to perform vertex finding inside jets in order to improve the classification performance, with a focus on separation of bottom vs. charm flavor tagging. We implement a novel, universal set-to-graph model, which takes into account information from all tracks in a jet to determine if pairs of tracks originated from a common vertex. We explore different performance metrics and find our method to outperform traditional approaches in accurate secondary vertex reconstruction. We also find that improved vertex finding leads to a significant improvement in jet classification performance.
Cytokine Release Syndrome By T-cell–Redirecting Therapies: Can We Predict and Modulate Patient Risk?
Authors: Van De Vyver Arthur J. , Marrer-Berger Estelle , Wang Ken , Lehr Thorsten , Walz Antje-Christine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
T-cell–redirecting therapies are promising new therapeutic options in the field of cancer immunotherapy, but the development of these modalities is challenging. A commonly observed adverse event in patients treated with T-cell–redirecting therapies is cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Its clinical manifestation is a burden on patients, and continues to be a big hurdle in the clinical development of this class of therapeutics. We review different T-cell–redirecting therapies, discuss key factors related to cytokine release and potentially leading to CRS, and present clinical mitigation strategies applied for those modalities. We propose to dissect those risk factors into drug-target-disease–related factors and individual patient risk factors. Aiming to optimize the therapeutic intervention of these modalities, we illustrate how the knowledge on drug-target-disease–related factors, such as target expression, binding affinity, and target accessibility, can be leveraged in a model-based framework and highlight with case examples how modeling and simulation is applied to guide drug discovery and development. We draw attention to the current gaps in predicting the individual patient's risk towards a high-grade CRS, which requires further considerations of risk factors related, but not limited to, the patient's demographics, genetics, underlying pathologies, treatment history, and environmental exposures. The drug-target-disease–related factors together with the individual patient's risk factors can be regarded as the patient's propensity for developing CRS in response to therapy. As an outlook, we suggest implementing a risk scoring system combined with mechanistic modeling to enable the prediction of an individual patient's risk of CRS for a given therapeutic intervention.