bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impoliteness Strategies in Trevor Noah’s <em>Afraid of The Dark<em> Stand-up Comedy Show
Authors: Hafisa Aulia , Hanidar Sharifah 
Published: July 2021

This research focuses on identifying the impoliteness strategies and explaining the purposes of the most frequently used strategy in Afraid of the Dark stand-up comedy show performed by Trevor Noah. The data of this research are Trevor Noah’s utterances which contains impoliteness strategies. The analysis was based on the impoliteness strategies theory proposed by Jonathan Culpeper (1996). The result of this research shows that Trevor Noah uses 105 instances of impoliteness strategies which cover all five types of strategies proposed by Culpeper; bald on record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, sarcasm or mock politeness, and withhold politeness. Based on the findings, negative impoliteness is found to be the most frequently used strategy. It occurs 42 times or with a percentage of 40% of the whole data. This high frequency of negative impoliteness strategy is used to entertain the audience. Trevor Noah mostly used ‘condescend, scorn, or ridicule’ sub-strategies of negative impoliteness intended to amuse and entertain the audience and also to induce laughter when hearing one being ridiculed or disparaged.
Trauma in Washington Black’s Character as Seen in Esi Edugyan’s Washington Black
Authors: Alexander Agung Reynaldi , Saktiningrum Nur 
Published: July 2021

This research analyzes the effect of trauma on Washington Black, the main character in Esi Edugyan’s Washington Black. Joy DeGruy’s theory of Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome is applied in order to understand how Black’s past experiences, trauma, and slavery affect his life. The primary data used in this research are taken from the novel Washington Black by Esi Edugyan, which includes characterization and description of the character Washington Black found in sentences and paragraphs in the novel. This research shows that Washington Black’s traumatic experiences are the main driving force of his actions which indicates the inability to separate his past from his decisions. The character Washington Black is a perfect model of someone who possesses Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome.
Description of Knowledge of Pre-Clinical Students of the Faculty of Medicine, Indonesian Christian University Batch 2020 regarding COVID-19
Authors: Reviani Nia 
Published: July 2021

The world is currently facing a pandemic spreading rapidly in more than 200 countries caused by the SARS-CoV-2. The virus was first thought to have originated from Wuhan, China, and the infection has spread throughout the world, including Indonesia. The mortality rate for COVID-19 in Indonesia is 8.9%. This figure is the highest in Southeast Asia. Therefore, the government made various efforts and policies to tackle the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia. One of them is implementing the health protocol, namely 3M (using masks, washing hands, and social distancing). However, due to the increasing number of Covid-19 transmission in Indonesia, the current health protocol became 5M (washing hands, wearing masks, social distancing, limiting mobility and interaction and staying away from crowds) is expected to reduce the transmission rate of the COVID-19 virus. This study aims to discover the description of knowledge of Pre-Clinical Students in Faculty of Medicine, Christian University of Indonesia, Class of 2020 regarding COVID-19. The design of the study is a descriptive survey with a quantitative descriptive. Data were obtained by using questionnaires distributed online with a non-random sampling technique, in which we used purposive sampling. The participants were next screened with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. It resulted in 140 participants who qualified the criteria and whose data could be considered for further analysis. The results showed that from 140 students, 136 students (97,1%) had good knowledge, three students (2,1%) had sufficient knowledge, and one student (0,8%) had less knowledge about COVID-19. The study finds that 136 students (97,1%) in a class of 2020 in the Faculty of Medicine at Christian University of Indonesia have a good knowledge of COVID-19.
Keywords: Knowledge, Pre-Clinical Students, FK UKI 2020, COVID-19.
Revisión para estudio técnico-científico sobre potencial invasor de Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) para Costa Rica
Authors: Kobe Solares Andrés , Murillo Miller Luis Ricardo 
Published: July 2021

Introducción: El alto valor nutricional de los insectos, junto con las facilidades en medios y recursos para su reproducción, ha llevado a considerarse viable la producción masiva de estos organismos para complementar la producción de proteína de origen animal, y quizás en un futuro reemplazarse. Sin embargo, este potencial puede llegar a verse limitado por diversos factores en las consideraciones de importación de cada país. En Costa Rica, la importación de fauna viva cuenta con varios elementos a considerar, de los cuales destaca la imposibilidad actual de introducir cargamentos de especies de insectos como el grillo doméstico (Acheta domesticus). Primordialmente, esta imposibilidad radica en la necesidad de presentar un estudio técnico-científico sobre el potencial invasor de la especie a importar, de acuerdo al artículo 115 de la Ley de Conservación de la Vida Silvestre. Al establecerse el reglamento, este indicó como derrogatoria y transitoria la publicación del protocolo para el estudio técnico-científico, pero a la fecha no ha sido publicado. Objetivo: Por esto, se revisó literatura y se propone un protocolo de estudio técnico-científico sobre el potencial invasivo de el grillo doméstico A. domesticus, empleando a la especie nacional Anurogryllus muticus como modelo de estudio. Metodología: De las 12 zonas de vida sensu Holdridge del país, únicamente 3 podrían considerase viables para A. domesticus, por lo que el modelo de estudio técnico-científico se estableció con simulación de estas zonas de vida. Resultados: De acuerdo a las condiciones ambientales y climatológicas del país, se considera que es poco probable que se de sobrevivencia y prevalencia de A. domesticus en caso de su introducción, en base al modelo aplicado a A. muticus.
Historical HbA1c Values May Explain the Type 2 Diabetes Legacy Effect: UKPDS 88
Authors: Lind Marcus , Imberg Henrik , Coleman Ruth L. , Nerman Olle , Holman Rury R. 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
Type 2 diabetes all-cause mortality (ACM) and myocardial infarction (MI) glycemic legacy effects have not been explained. We examined their relationships with prior individual HbA1c values and explored the potential impact of instituting earlier, compared with delayed, glucose-lowering therapy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Twenty-year ACM and MI hazard functions were estimated from diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in 3,802 UK Prospective Diabetes Study participants. Impact of HbA1c values over time was analyzed by weighting them according to their influence on downstream ACM and MI risks.

RESULTS
Hazard ratios for a one percentage unit higher HbA1c for ACM were 1.08 (95% CI 1.07–1.09), 1.18 (1.15–1.21), and 1.36 (1.30–1.42) at 5, 10, and 20 years, respectively, and for MI was 1.13 (1.11–1.15) at 5 years, increasing to 1.31 (1.25–1.36) at 20 years. Imposing a one percentage unit lower HbA1c from diagnosis generated an 18.8% (95% CI 21.1–16.0) ACM risk reduction 10–15 years later, whereas delaying this reduction until 10 years after diagnosis showed a sevenfold lower 2.7% (3.1–2.3) risk reduction. Corresponding MI risk reductions were 19.7% (22.4–16.5) when lowering HbA1c at diagnosis, and threefold lower 6.5% (7.4–5.3%) when imposed 10 years later.

CONCLUSIONS
The glycemic legacy effects seen in type 2 diabetes are explained largely by historical HbA1c values having a greater impact than recent values on clinical outcomes. Early detection of diabetes and intensive glucose control from the time of diagnosis is essential to maximize reduction of the long-term risk of glycemic complications.
Detection of Vector Mosquito of Filariasis in the Endemic Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Nur Jasmin , Sultana Bilkis , Rahman Mohammad Hefzur , Moniruzzaman Mohammad 
Published: July 2021

Background: Lymphatic Filariasis (LF), a mosquito born tropical parasitic disease, caused by Wuchereria bancrofti is not only a health but also a socio-economic problem in Bangladesh. Culex quinquefasciatus is the confirmed filarial vector in Bangladesh, so by controlling of this vector population, we can prevent this disease. To control this vector and decrease incidence of filariasis, we need to know studied mosquito’s sample in endemic areas.
Aim and objectives: Aim of this study was to see mosquito population in search of vector species in the endemic zones of malaria and filarial. Then we confirmed presence of vector species at molecular level by species specific DNA fingerprinting.
Methods: This cross-sectional entomological study was carried out in Hobiganj (Shatchori tea garden) and Moulvibazar district (Patrokhola and Madonmohonpur tea gardens). Mosquito was collected by paper cup with net, aspirator and torch light and vector mosquitoes were identified with stereoscopic microscope. After identification of the mosquitoes, these were stored in laboratory for analysis of the density of the vector mosquitoes in the endemic areas. Then the vector mosquitoes were identified through molecular method named Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Result: 1427 female mosquitoes belonging to 28 species under 5 genera were collected from three tea gardens. Culex quinquefasciatus which is the confirmed filarial vector in Bangladesh was found high in number (20.74%) out of the total collected mosquitoes. Other mosquito’s species were found in various ratios. Then Culex quinquefasciatus vector was identified by PCR.
Conclusion: As vector mosquitoes of LF are available in these tea gardens, the study concludes that these areas are highly LF endemic areas of Bangladesh. Through molecular method, the vector of LF can be identified certainly. As we identify the vector mosquito, thus we can prevent this LF disease at very early stage. So, these findings will be very beneficial and cost effective for a developing country like Bangladesh.
Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Harta Waris Antara Saudara Kandung
Authors: Masnayanti Masnayanti , Mustari Abdillah 
Published: July 2021

AbstrakKonsep pembagian harta waris dalam hukum Islam terbagi dalam beberapa bagian yaitu Hukum bagian waris untuk anak, Hukum Bagian Warisan untuk Orang Tua, Hukum Bagian Waris untuk Duda atau Janda, Hukum Bagian Waris untuk Saudara Seibu Lain Ayah, Hukum Bagian Waris untuk Saudara Sekandung atau Seayah, Bagian Waris Áṣabah al-furuḍ, Bagian Ahli Waris Áṣabah. Adapun dalam memutuskan perkara hakim memiliki dasar pertimbangan dalam menyelesaikan perkara sengketa harta waris antara saudara kandung, adapun dasar pertimbangan tersebut secara keseluruhan berpatokan kepada Hukum Islam (kewarisan). Adapun dasar pertimbangan tersebut pada sengketa harta waris antara saudara sekandung, tidak menemui kendala dikarenakan dalam penyelesaian sengketa tersebut diselesaikan secara kekeluargaan.Kata Kunci : Harta Waris, Pertimbangan Hakim, Saudara Kandung, Sengketa. AbstractThe concept of division of inheritance in Islamic law is divided into several parts, namely inheritance law for children, inheritance law for parents, inheritance law for widowers or widows, inheritance law for siblings, fatherhood, inheritance law for siblings or father, Section of Inheritance of Áṣabah al-furu, Section of Heirs of Áṣabah. As for deciding the case of a judge has a basis for consideration in resolving cases of inheritance disputes between siblings, while the basis for these considerations is based entirely on Islamic Law (inheritance). The basis for these considerations in inheritance disputes between siblings, doesn’t encounter obstacles because in the settlement of the dispute is settled in a family.Keywords: Disputes, Inheritance, Judge Considerations, Siblings.
Congenital limb defects in a married female population of the Rahim Yar Khan District in Pakistan
Authors: Riaz Hafiza Fizzah , Malik Sajid 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Congenital limb defects (CLD) have a range of phenotypes and can be a substantial cause of disability. The prevalence of CLD in the adult population of Pakistan is not well described.

Objectives
To investigate the prevalence of CLD and their associated factors in a married female population of the Rahim Yar Khan (RYK) District in Pakistan.

Methods
A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in 4 tehsils of RYK District, and married women and girls from 22 different localities were enrolled by convenience sampling in public places and through door-to-door visits. Data regarding limb phenotype and demographic variables were obtained from participants.

Results
We enrolled 2,204 married women and girls. We found 11 participants with CLD suggesting a prevalence of 4.99/1,000 (proportion: 0.005; 95% confidence interval [CI] <0.001–0.01). Polydactyly was the most frequent (n = 5; prevalence: 2.27/1,000), followed by others in the following sequence: brachydactyly (n = 4; prevalence: 1.81/1,000), camptodactyly (n = 1; prevalence: 0.45/1,000), and oligodactyly (n = 1; prevalence: 0.45/1,000). The odds of occurrence of CLD were higher in individuals originating from Khanpur tehsil (odds ratio [OR] 2.05; 95% CI 0.37–11.27), speaking languages other than Punjabi and Saraiki (OR 2.35; 95% CI 0.24–22.80), belonging to Araien caste (OR 2.35; 95% CI: 0.24–22.80), of a nuclear family (OR 3.35; 95% CI 0.79–16.97), or having parental consanguinity (OR 1.87; 95% CI 0.49–7.06).

Conclusion
Preliminary estimate of CLD prevalence in the married female sample population in RYK appears high compared with estimates from birth defects registries in other countries.
Self dual, reversible and complementary duals constacyclic codes over finite local Frobenius non-chain rings of length 5 and nilpotency index 4.
Authors: Castillo-Guillén C. A. , Álvarez-García C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Over finite local Frobenius non-chain rings of length 5 and nilpotency index 4 and when the length of the code is relatively prime to the characteristic of the residue field of the ring, the structure of the dual of γ-constacyclic codes is established and the algebraic characterization of self-dual, reversible γ-constacyclic codes and γ-constacyclic codes with complementary dual are given.
Notes on the zero-divisor graph and annihilating-ideal graph of a reduced ring
Authors: Badie Mehdi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We translate some graph properties of 𝔸𝔾(R) and Γ(R) to some topological properties of Zariski topology. We prove that the facts “(1) The zero ideal of R is an anti fixed-place ideal. (2) Min(R) does not have any isolated point. (3) Rad(𝔸𝔾 (R)) = 3. (4) Rad(Γ(R)) = 3. (5) Γ(R) is triangulated (6) 𝔸𝔾 (R) is triangulated.” are equivalent. Also, we show that if the zero ideal of a ring R is a fixed-place ideal, then dt
t
(𝔸𝔾 (R)) = |ℬ(R)| and also if in addition |Min(R)| > 2, then dt(𝔸𝔾 (R)) = |ℬ (R)|. Finally, it is shown that dt(𝔸𝔾 (R)) is finite if and only if dt
t
(𝔸𝔾 (R)) is finite if and only if Min(R) is finite.
Two Points Taylor’s Type Representations for Analytic Complex Functions with Integral Remainders
Authors: Dragomir Silvestru Sever 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper we establish some two point weighted Taylor’s expansions for analytic functions f : D ⊆ ℂ→ ℂ defined on a convex domain D. Some error bounds for these expansions are also provided. Examples for the complex logarithm and the complex exponential are also given.
Numerical solution of two-dimensional nonlinear fractional order reaction-advection-diffusion equation by using collocation method
Authors: Singh Manpal , Das S. , Rajeev  , Craciun E-M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this article, two-dimensional nonlinear and multi-term time fractional diffusion equations are solved numerically by collocation method, which is used with the help of Lucas operational matrix. In the proposed method solutions of the problems are expressed in terms of Lucas polynomial as basis function. To determine the unknowns, the residual, initial and boundary conditions are collocated at the chosen points, which produce a system of nonlinear algebraic equations those have been solved numerically. The concerned method provides the highly accurate numerical solution. The accuracy of the approximate solution of the problem can be increased by expanding the terms of the polynomial. The accuracy and efficiency of the concerned method have been authenticated through the error analyses with some existing problems whose solutions are already known.
Lp
-dual three mixed quermassintegrals
Authors: Zhao Chang-Jian , Bencze Mihály 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the paper, the concept of Lp
-dual three-mixed quermassintegrals is introduced. The formula for the Lp
-dual three-mixed quermassintegrals with respect to the p-radial addition is proved. Inequalities of Lp
-Minkowski, and Brunn-Minkowski type for the Lp
-dual three-mixed quermassintegrals are established. The new Lp
-Minkowski inequality is obtained that generalize a family of Minkowski type inequalities. The Lp
-Brunn-Minkowski inequality is used to obtain a series of Brunn-Minkowski type inequalities.
Estimating the fractional chromatic number of a graph
Authors: Szabó Sándor 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The fractional chromatic number of a graph is defined as the optimum of a rather unwieldy linear program. (Setting up the program requires generating all independent sets of the given graph.) Using combinatorial arguments we construct a more manageable linear program whose optimum value provides an upper estimate for the fractional chromatic number. In order to assess the feasibility of the proposal and in order to check the accuracy of the estimates we carry out numerical experiments.
Susceptibility in vitro of clinical Candida albicans isolates to the selected azoles
Authors: Pawlicki Bartlomiej , Biernasiuk Anna , Jonczyk Monika , Malm Anna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Candida spp. is the most prevalent cause of fungal infection worldwide, and their increasing resistance to anti-fungal agents, especially to azoles, has become problematic. The aim of this work was to establish the susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole of 50 clinical C. albicans isolates from hematooncological patients. This has been evaluated using the following parameters: MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration), MIC50 (MIC required to inhibit the growth of 50% of organisms), as well as MIC90 (MIC required to inhibit the growth of 90% of organisms). Susceptibility of the studied clinical isolates to all azoles was high, being 86% for itraconazole, 90% for fluconazole and posaconazole and 92% for voriconazole. The resistance rates ranged from 8% (voriconazole), to 12% (itraconazole). The emergence of azole-resistant yeast strains creates a necessity to determine and monitor the sensitivity of the isolated Candida spp., including C. albicans, especially in patients predisposed to life-threating fungal invasive disease.
Monitoring the extent and impacts of watershed urban development in the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya, using a combination of population dynamics, remote sensing and GIS techniques
Authors: Onyango Dancan O. , Ikporukpo Christopher O. , Taiwo John O. , Opiyo Stephen B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Several urban centres of different sizes have developed over time, and continue to grow, within the basin of Lake Victoria. Uncontrolled urban development, especially along the lake shore, puts environmental pressure on Lake Victoria and its local ecosystem. This study sought to monitor the extent and impacts of urban development (as measured by population growth and built-up land use/land cover) in the Lake Victoria basin, Kenya, between 1978 and 2018. Remote sensing and GIS-based land use/land cover classification was conducted to extract change in built-up areas from Landsat 3, 4, 5 and 8 satellite imagery obtained for the month of January at intervals of ten years. Change in population distribution and density was analysed based on decadal census data from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics between 1979 and 2019. A statistical regression model was then estimated to relate population growth to built-up area expansion. Results indicate that the basin’s built-up area has expanded by 97% between 1978 and 2018 while the population increased by 140% between 1979 and 2019. Urban development was attributed to the rapidly increasing population in the area as seen in a positive statistical correlation (R2=0.5744) between increase in built-up area and population growth. The resulting environmental pressure on the local ecosystem has been documented mainly in terms of degradation of lake water quality, eutrophication and aquatic biodiversity loss. The study recommends the enactment and implementation of appropriate eco-sensitive local legislation and policies for sustainable urban and rural land use planning in the area. This should aim to control and regulate urban expansion especially in the immediate shoreline areas of the lake and associated riparian zones.
The disappearance of inland dunes landscape – a case study from southern Poland
Authors: Dulias Renata 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The paper presents changes in the landscape of inland dunes in one of the basins in the eastern part of Silesian Upland. Based on the analysis of archival maps and historical sources, the former dune landscape of Dąbrowa Basin was reconstructed. The current state of its preservation was determined based on contemporary cartographic materials and field research. It was established that the dunes occur on the floodplain, under-slope flattening, and cuesta escarpment (Ząbkowice Hummock)). The source of aeolian sands was fluvioglacial and alluvial deposits, which, as a result of aeolian transport, were moved to higher and higher morphological levels and stabilized on a substrate of different lithology and age. The impermeability of the bedrock – tills, clays, mudstones, siltstones had a significant influence on the dune landscape. It resulted in the presence of wetlands and peat bogs in the vicinity of most dunes. Consequently, the landscape of the valley was distinguished by a lot of contrast in terms of vegetation - dry pine forests or grassy areas on the dunes and moisture-loving vegetation in their surroundings. However, this landscape was under strong human pressure. Most of the dunes (3/4) have been destroyed in the last hundred years due to sand mining and industrial and residential construction. One of the largest dune fields in the Przemsza River basin and most floodplain and under-slope flattening dunes were utterly destroyed. In addition, an interesting dune at Triassic clays was almost fully exploited, and a rare case on the Silesian Upland where a dune entered the Triassic limestones was partially covered with concrete. There are only 25 dunes in the study area - they deserve protection both as the last fragments of the inland dunes landscape in this part of the Silesian Upland and for historical and natural reasons.