bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil properties and microbiome of annual and perennial cultivated grasslands on theQinghai–TibetanPlateau
Authors: Cao Jianjun , Wang Hairu , Holden Nicholas M. , Adamowski Jan F. , Biswas Asim , Zhang Xiaofang , Feng Qi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEfforts to enhance food, fibre, and forage yields and achieve global food security have included the conversion of natural grasslands to cultivated grasslands. The quantitative effects of a global shift in grassland management on soil properties and microbial communities critical to ecosystem function have remained largely unexplored, particularly on China's Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Accordingly, the distinct and contrasting effects of annualAvenagrasslands (AAG) versus perennialElymus nutansGriseb. cultivated grasslands (PEG) on the region's soil properties and microbiome were investigated in an effort to examine their contribution to maintaining soil carbon and nutrients. Across three sites per grassland type, soil moisture content (45.55%), soil organic carbon (48.97 g kg−1), soil total nitrogen (5.13 g kg−1), and soil ammonium nitrogen (298.32 mg kg−1) were 19%–32% greater at PEG sites than AAG sites, whereas soil pH (7.81), soil total phosphorus (0.44 g kg−1), and soil available phosphorus (0.81 mg kg−1) were 2%–31% lower. The AAG and PEG site soils had different bacterial and fungal β‐diversities but similar α‐diversities. The relative combined abundance ofGemmatimonadetesandChytridiomycota, and that ofRozellomycotaindividually, were, respectively, higher and lower in AAG versus PEG site soils. This suggests that, on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, contrasting grassland cultivation practices affect soil properties and microbes differently. Given the strong interaction between a soil and its microbiome, changes in a soil's microbial community structure can be expected to substantially alter soil function. This will have important ecological service implications, particularly in terms of carbon storage and water conservation in this ecologically fragile region.
Assembling a ‘good’ and ‘bad’ night's sleep: A multifactorial proposition
Authors: Ogeil Rowan P. , Nguyen Mai‐Tram , Savic Michael , Lubman Dan I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere is increasing demand for effective sleep health and promotion strategies that are accessible to the general population. Sleep hygiene has traditionally focused on promoting behaviours that facilitate good sleep and avoiding behaviours that interfere with sleep. However, simply following good sleep hygiene practices has proven largely ineffective in clinical samples suffering insomnia, and effectiveness of these recommendations in the general population has also been questioned. One reason for this may be the lack of consideration with respect to interactions between these different factors, as many elements determine a ‘good’ and a ‘bad’ night's sleep.MethodsThe present paper utilised a mixed methods approach using a combination of framework approach thematic analysis (qualitative) and the number of mentions of different characteristics defining a good and bad night's sleep (quantitative) in participants’ (N = 282 (157 females), mean age 27 years) accounts of their last good and bad night's sleep, and how (if at all) alcohol or drugs played a role.ResultsWe found that both good and bad night's sleep were influenced by multiple factors and that often the same factors were implicated in both. A significant number of participants described elements of the sleep episode (e.g., timing pre‐ vs. post‐ midnight, consistency of routine, sleep onset latency, sleep environment), or other behavioural or environmental factors (e.g., alcohol or drug use, mood, food consumed prior to sleep) they perceived were involved in their experience of a good or bad night's sleep.ConclusionsRather than isolating factors as is typically done in sleep hygiene principles, or viewing these factors as discrete and/or having predictable effects on sleep, it is important to examine how these factors coalesce to shape a good and bad night's sleep.
Effect of Thermal Processing on the Dynamic/Isothermal Crystallization and Cytocompatibility of Polylactic Acid for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Cifuentes Sandra C. , Saldaña Laura , Gónzalez‐Carrasco José Luis , Benavente Rosario , García‐Peñas Alberto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) is a semi‐crystalline biopolymer with numerous applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. PLA biodegradable devices are usually manufactured by extrusion or injection molding. The crystalline‐amorphous structure that PLA acquires during processing is relevant for its applications as it determines the biodegradation rate as well as the mechanical properties of the final device. This work focuses on the effect of processing and the effect of crystallization conditions over the crystallization kinetics of two PLAs: poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA) and poly‐l,d‐lactic acid (PLDA). The cytocompatibility of PLLA and PLDA as a function of processing and crystalline degree has also been studied. It is observed that processing affects crystallization kinetics of PLA increasing the crystallization rate of PLLA and PLDA. Finally, crystallinity influenced cytocompatibility of polymeric surfaces, as the viability of human progenitor cells increased on surfaces with higher crystalline fraction.
Single‐Step 3D Printing of Silver‐Patterned Polymeric Devices for Bacteria Proliferation Control
Authors: González Flores Gustavo Adolfo , Bertana Valentina , Chiappone Annalisa , Roppolo Ignazio , Scaltrito Luciano , Marasso Simone Luigi , Cocuzza Matteo , Massaglia Giulia , Quaglio Marzia , Pirri Candido Fabrizio , Ferrero Sergio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis work describes the fabrication of silver‐patterned polymeric devices via light‐based 3D printing methods from a tailored resin. An acrylate resin containing silver nitrate (AgNO3) as a silver precursor is employed to generate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through the in situ reduction of the metallic salt. The silver‐based resin is processed through a customized stereolithography SL‐3D printing to fabricate structures with silver‐patterned surfaces. This customized SL‐printer (emitting at 405 nm) offers the possibility of adjusting the machine settings during the printing process allowing for AgNPs to be selectively generated by modifying the laser settings during the 3D printing step. Thus, the resin photopolymerization and the photoinduced formation of AgNPs‐based strands can be sequentially achieved during the same printing process with the same light source and using the same printable resin. The fabricated silver‐patterned devices exhibit different surface features that might be exploited in systems working in a marine environment to control biofilm proliferation. As a proof‐of‐concept, the antimicrobial behavior of the silver‐based 3D printed device is tested against environmental bacterial mixed communities via UV–vis spectroscopy and evaluating the absorbance change. Further tests, however, would be needed to reinforce the evidence of the bacteria behavior on the silver‐patterned 3D printed devices.
Effects of repeated manganese treatment on proton magnetic resonance spectra of the globus pallidus in rat brain
Authors: Wang Xuxia , Li Ronghui , He Rui , Fang Fang 
Published: September 2021

Excessive manganese is neurotoxic, which means that it can affect the concentrations of metabolite in 1H MRS. In addition, manganese is paramagnetic and it may influence the relaxation times of the metabolite. The aim of this study is to assess the sensitivity of the metabolite relaxation properties and concentrations to exogenous manganese deposition in the globus pallidus (GP) of rat brain after repeated manganese injection. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) experiments in vivo and ex vivo were carried out to evaluate the changes in the metabolite concentration and the major metabolite relaxation times, and histological experiments were also performed after repeated manganese administration. Only the T1 value for N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) of the GP was significantly reduced after 1 day of manganese injection compared with that of the control group (p < 0.025). The T1 and T2 values for NAA and total creatine (tCr) (p < 0.025), along with the amounts of NAA, tCr, myo‐inositol, choline, and glutamate (p < 0.0086) in the GP, were all significantly decreased after 5 days of manganese administration compared with that of the control group. The changes in the concentration and relaxation properties of NAA and tCr in the GP of rat brain indicated that manganese represented paramagnetism and neurotoxicity after repeated administration. Accurate knowledge of relaxation properties and concentrations of NAA and tCr in this study could help appropriate selection of sequence parameters to improve the ability to distinguish the brain regions affected in cases of manganese poisoning.
Approximation of periodic Green's operator in real space using numerical integration and its use in fast Fourier transform‐based micromechanical models
Authors: Zecevic Miroslav , Lebensohn Ricardo A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, we propose an expression for the periodic first derivative of Green's function in real space. The proposed expression allows an alternative way of computing the periodic Green's operator based on periodically summing the free‐space Green's operator in terms of an appropriate quadrature rule. We provide computational examples, which show the accuracy of the proposed approach, together with reduced spurious oscillations in the solution fields.
Towards negotiation: A RAMESES narrative review of social enterprise to support sustainability in Sport for Social Change (S4SC)
Authors: Richmond Alex , de Leeuw Evelyne , Bunde‐Birouste Anne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article engages in a systematic narrative review, executed according to RAMESES (Realist and Meta‐Narrative Evidence Synthesis) standards, to unpack the literature on social enterprise. The case of Sport for Social Change and Development (S4SC) is presented as a global field of organizations facing early engagement with the concept of social enterprise as an innovative solution to increasing pressure in the NGO landscape. Yet, social enterprise is a complex term, which requires a solid theoretical approach before gaining currency as an operational term in the S4SC field. As researchers, we need to first and foremost consider how our research in this area supports organizations. Due to this, the way we theorize a concept before operationalizing the concept needs to appreciate the lived reality of these organizations and the efficiencies they aim to gain to benefit their social mission. The RAMESES narrative review is engaged to consider the different angles of thought regarding social enterprise. Findings articulate three prominent methods to conceptualize social enterprise and query how these methods can be used to support the development and growth of the social enterprise model in the S4SC field. Concluding remarks suggest that research on social enterprise in S4SC needs to better understand the purpose of this concept in the field to mitigate any risk of a priori assumptions being imposed on these organizations.
Association between self‐reported medical diagnosis of depression and metabolic syndrome in a population‐based study: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Kim Go‐Un , Kim Namhee , Kim Heejung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim was to compare the metabolic syndrome in adults with and without depression in Korea using the 2013–2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A cross‐sectional study was conducted involving secondary data analysis. National survey data on the self‐reported medical diagnosis of depression and metabolic syndrome were collected between 2013 and 2015 and released for research purposes in 2017. We conducted a propensity score‐matched study that included adults (n = 494) with and without depression at a 1:1 ratio, to reduce the impact of potential confounding factors between groups. Depression was not significantly associated with changes in metabolic syndrome. However, participants with depression had significantly higher triglycerides than those without depression (p = .008), highlighting the importance of periodically checking triglycerides in depressed patients. Nurses need to check the subcomponents of metabolic syndrome in depressed patients periodically, especially regarding the management of triglycerides.
Efficacy of non‐pharmacological interventions in patients with overactive bladder: A protocol for systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou Hong , Chen Wenzhen , Yan Yunzhu , Wu Boyu , Wang Jing , Fu Chengwei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSome meta‐analyses have proved the superiority of non‐pharmacological interventions in overactive bladder (OAB), but the best choice is still controversial.AimTo assess the most effective interventions in female with OAB.MethodsStudies for relevant randomized controlled trials which compare different kinds of non‐pharmacological interventions in females with OAB will be retrieved from 8 databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Database and China Biology Medicine disc, from inception to 1 January 2021. After screening titles and abstracts, detailed data including participates, interventions and outcomes will be extracted according to the eligible criteria. Then, Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool will be used to assess the quality of the literature. The pairwise meta‐analysis will be conducted by STATA. Network meta‐analysis will be performed to compare and rank the effects of different non‐pharmacological interventions, in terms of alleviation of symptoms, by OpenBUGS, R and STATA.ResultsThis network meta‐analysis will present the best available evidence about non‐pharmacological interventions for OAB to both relieve symptoms and improve life quality.
Unfavorable progression of obesity in children and adolescents due to COVID‐19 pandemic: A school‐based survey in China
Authors: Hu Jia , Liu Jieyu , Wang Jiaxiang , Shen Mingzhu , Ge Wenxin , Shen Hui , Zhang Tian , Yang Haibing , Yin Jieyun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe Chinese government decisively imposed nationwide confinement in response to the COVID‐19 outbreak. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the progression of obesity in children and adolescents in Changshu, China.MethodsBased on the Health Promotion Program for Children and Adolescents (HPPCA), which is a prospective cross‐sectional and school‐based study, BMI assessed in seven consecutive years (2014 to 2020) among children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years in Changshu city was extracted. The standardized BMI z scores (zBMI) and prevalence of obesity between 2020 (after COVID‐19 home confinement) and the previous 6 years were compared among age‐specific subgroups and between sexes.ResultsThe mean number of participants per year was 29,648. The overall mean zBMI drastically increased from 0.29 in 2019 to 0.45 in 2020, resulting in a rise of 0.16 (95% CI: 0.14‐0.18); the prevalence of obesity substantially elevated to 12.77% in 2020 (versus 10.38% in 2017), with an acceleration of 2.39% (95% CI: 1.88%‐2.90%). Of note, these increases were more likely to be observed in boys and those 6 to 11 years old.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic seemed to exacerbate the obesity epidemic among pediatric populations in Changshu, China.
Renewable hydrogen and ammonia for combined heat and power systems in remote locations: Optimal design and scheduling
Authors: Palys Matthew J. , Mitrai Ilias , Daoutidis Prodromos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUsing hydrogen (H) and ammonia (NH) for renewable energy storage has the potential to enable economical power and heat supply with high renewable penetrations, especially in remote locations which are characterized by high energy costs. In this work we assess the economic competitiveness of renewable combined heat and power (CHP) systems in Mahaka HI, Nantucket MA, and Northwest Arctic Borough (NWAB) AK by optimally designing these systems for scenarios in which power and heat can be purchased over a range of historical energy prices as well as when 100% renewable supply is required. We use a combined optimal design and scheduling model which minimizes annualized net present cost by determining optimal technology selection and size simultaneously with optimal schedules for each period of a system operating horizon aggregated from full year hourly resolution data via a consecutive temporal clustering algorithm. We find that renewable generation meets at least 85% of power demands and 75% of heat demands under the lowest energy prices investigated. Higher conventional energy prices lead to increased renewable penetration which is facilitated by renewable NH as a seasonal energy storage medium, as are 100% renewable CHP systems. NH is used for power generation with heat cogeneration in all three locations, as well as directly for heating in NWAB. On an annual cost basis, NH‐enabled 100% renewable CHP is only 3% more expensive in Mahaka and NWAB than systems which can purchase energy at the lowest prices, while it is 15% more expensive in Nantucket.
Adherence to Endocrine Therapy and Racial Outcome Disparities in Breast Cancer
Authors: Reeder-Hayes Katherine E. , Troester Melissa A. , Wheeler Stephanie B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe disparity in outcomes of breast cancer for Black compared with White women in the U.S. is well known and persistent over time, with the largest disparities appearing among women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) cancers. The racial gap in breast cancer survival first emerged in the 1980s, a time of significantmen treatment advances in early-stage breast cancer, including the introduction of adjuvant endocrine therapy. Since that time, the gap has continued to widen despite steady advances in treatment and survival of breast cancer overall. Although advanced stage at presentation and unfavorable biology undoubtedly contribute to racial differences in survival of HR+ breast, treatment disparities are increasingly acknowledged to play a key role as well. The recent recognition of racial differences in endocrine therapy use may be a key explanatory factor in the persistent racial gap in mortality of HR+ disease, and may be a key focus of intervention to improve breast cancer outcomes for Black women.Implications for PracticeBlack women with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer experience the greatest racial disparity in survival among all breast cancer subtypes. This survival gap appears consistently across studies and is not entirely explained by differences in presenting stage, tumor biology as assessed by genomic risk scores, or receipt of chemotherapy. Recent research highlights lower adherence to endocrine therapy (ET) for Black women. Health systems and individual providers should focus on improving communication about the importance of ET use, sharing decisions around ET, providing appropriate support for side effects and other ET-related concerns, and equitably delivering survivorship care, including ET adherence assessment.
Consequences of Administrative Burden for Social Safety Nets that Support the Healthy Development of Children
Authors: Heinrich Carolyn J. , Camacho Sayil , Henderson Sarah Clark , Hernández Mónica , Joshi Ela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThrough the lens of administrative burden and ordeals, we investigate challenges that low‐income families face in accessing health and human services critical for their children's healthy development. We employ a mixed methods approach—drawing on administrative data on economically disadvantaged children in Tennessee, publicly available data on resource allocations and expenditures, and data collected in purposive and randomly sampled interviews with public and nonprofit agencies across the state—to analyze the distribution of resources relative to children's needs and provide rich descriptions of the experiences of organizations striving to overcome administrative burdens and support families. We also scrutinize the place‐based resource deserts and environmental contexts of resource gaps and deficiencies in public policies governing the distribution of public resources that exacerbate administrative burdens and inequities in access to public resources. Our insights into the costs imposed on individuals and organizations and how they impede or spill over into other aspects of organizational work point to specific state and local program and policy changes that could be implemented to address resource constraints and alleviate burdens on organizations and poor families.
Preparation and mechanical properties of poly(γ‐benzyll‐glutamate) modified nano‐silica reinforced polyurea composites
Authors: Li Xiaotun , Wang Haitao , Zhang Zhongwei , Tan Yefa , Tian Jin , Chen Guanxiu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo improve the mechanical properties of polyaspartate polyurea (PAEP), functionalized nano‐silica reinforced polyurea composites were prepared. The original nano‐silica (O‐SiO2) was treated with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), and the amino group at the end of APTES was used as the initiation site to realize the coating modification of poly(γ‐benzyll‐glutamate) (PBLG) onto O‐SiO2. The dispersion, wettability, and interfacial properties of functionalized nano‐silica (PBLG‐SiO2) in PAEP were analyzed. The tensile and tear properties of PBLG‐SiO2/PAEP composites were tested, and the reinforcement mechanism was revealed. The results showed the dispersibility of PBLG‐SiO2in PAEP had been improved markedly. The contact angle of PBLG‐SiO2with PAEP was 29.31°, which was significantly lower than that of O‐SiO2(76.48°). The adhesion work between PBLG‐SiO2and PAEP was 97.16 mJ/m2, an increase of 51.7% compared with O‐SiO2. When the content of PBLG‐SiO2was 2 phr, the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and tear strength of PAEP composites reached the maximum of 17.43 MPa, 157.12 MPa, and 127.38 N/mm, an increase of 33.6%, 77.9%, and 71.3%, respectively, compared with pure PAEP. The analysis of cross‐section showed that the strengthening mechanism of PBLG‐SiO2on PAEP was mainly manifested by non‐planar cracks, deflection and bifurcation of cracks, and plastic deformation of PAEP matrix caused by peeling of PBLG‐SiO2from matrix.
Congenital rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group
Authors: Bisogno Gianni , Minard‐Colin Veronique , Arush Myriam Ben , Daragjati Julia , Coppadoro Beatrice , Gallego Soledad , Alaggio Rita , Smeulders Naima , Mudry Peter , Zin Angelica , Merks Johannes H. M. , Slater Olga 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProcedureCongenital rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) represents a challenging disease due to its characteristics and the difficulties in delivering treatment in this immature population.MethodsWe analyzed treatment and outcome of patients with congenital RMS, defined as tumor diagnosed in the first 2 months of life, enrolled in the European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group protocols.ResultsTwenty‐four patients with congenital RMS were registered. All, except one patient (PAX3‐FOXO1‐positive metastatic RMS), had favorable histology and localized disease. Three patients had VGLL2‐CITED2/NCOA2 fusion. Complete tumor resection was achieved in 10 patients. No radiotherapy was given. Chemotherapy doses were adjusted to age and weight. Only two patients required further dose reduction for toxicity. The 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 75.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 52.6–87.9) and 87.3% (95% CI 65.6–95.7), respectively. Progressive disease was the main cause of treatment failure.ConclusionPatients with congenital RMS presented with a favorable disease, allowing weight‐ and age‐adjusted doses of chemotherapy and avoidance of irradiation, without compromising the outcome.