bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity in the Human Newborn: The Value of Its Determination
Authors: Volpe Joseph J. , Perlman Jeffrey M. , Hill Alan , McMenamin Joseph B. 
Published: December 2021

An ultrasonic technique based on measurement of the Doppler frequency shift produced by the movement of red blood cells in an insonated vessel has been useful for measurement of cerebral blood flow velocity in the newborn. When the transducer is applied to the anterior fontanel, flow velocity in each anterior cerebral artery can be determined noninvasively. Reliable application ofthe technique requires utilization of both the audible and visible signals produced by the instrument. Experience and awareness of the anatomy are also important in interpretation.
Serial measurements of cerebral blood flow velocity have provided useful information concerning changes in the cerebral circulation under important
neonatal circumstances. Examples of the latter include PDA, pneumothorax, hydrocephalus, and hyperviscosity. Most of the changes in the cerebral circulation appear to reflect directly systemic hemodynamic changes. This relation between cerebral and systemic hemodynamic events is compatible with other observations, indicating that in the human newborn—particularly the infant most at risk for hypoxic-ischemic and/or hemorrhagic brain injury—the cerebral circulation is pressure passive. Indeed, the changes in the cerebral circulation observed so far with the Doppler technique may have important implications for the genesis of neonatal ischemic and hemorrhagic brain injury.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Hauger Sarmistha B. 
Published: December 2021

I find the report by Nudelman et al of this 11-week-old infant with group B streptococcal extremity cellulitis interesting in several aspects.
First, this report is an important addition to our knowledge of the clinical manifestations of group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections. The negative blood culture in the face of a positive aspirate culture is surprising in that given the child's presentation with irritability and fever, one would have expected the infant to be septic.
BILIRUBIN TROUBLE IS WORLDWIDE
Authors: Little George 
Published: December 2021

In a small regional survey of direct spectrophotometric methods and a larger Australian and New Zealand survey of paediatric bilirubin analyses, the overall performance of both groups was unsatisfactory with an unacceptable high interlaboratory variation. This inter-laboratory variation was reduced significantly by the use of a spectrophotometric method with a common standard of methyl orange.
The Australian and New Zealand survey also examined the "state of the art" for the measurement of conjugated bilirubin and showed that laboratories could not adequately measure conjugated bilirubin.
AN ELECTRICAL INFANT AS REPORTED IN 1870
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Nineteenth century medical literature abounds with strange pediatric case reports; none is more bizarre than the following, published in 1870 in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal.
AN ELECTRICAL INFANT—There is a wonderful account in all the French papers of an outstanding baby just dead, at the age of ten months, at St Urbain, near Lyons. The strongest medical evidence is said to be given that the child was so highly endowed with electricity that all the persons in the same room with him received constant electric shocks. Its end was apparently painless, but accompanied by still more astounding manifestations. At the instant of death luminous effluvia proceeded, it is affirmed by the doctors, from the body of the child, which continued for several minutes after its decease. The case is supposed to be quite unprecedented in the world of science.
GROWING NUMBERS OF DISABLED
Authors:   Student
Published: December 2021

It has been estimated that during the period 1975-2000 the number of the disabled in the world will grow by about 200 million. According to another estimate, in 1970 there were some 60-70 million disabled children in the developing countries; if existing preventive measures were not applied and new ones developed, that number could be expected to grow to about 135-150 million in the year 2000. This may be compared with an estimated increase in the number of disabled children from 12 to 25 million in developed countries over the same period.
Specific factors that may affect the future proportion of disabled persons in the world include: (1) changes in the age composition of the general population; (2) changes in the patterns of mortality and morbidity; (3) changes in the extent of health services; and (4) increase in urbanization and industrialization. It is generally accepted that unless major improvements in disability prevention are achieved, the proportion of the disabled will remain the same or show a slight increase in the next 20-30 years. But since the world population is expected to grow about 2 thousand million in this period, the absolute number of disabled persons will show a dramatic increase.
A Grain of Salt
Authors: Marcuse Edgar K. 
Published: December 2021

An article in this issue of Pediatrics purporting to show the superiority of pediatricians' management of febrile children compared with that of their family practice colleagues deserves special scrutiny. Caveat lector!
Le Duc and Pless (Pediatrics 70:511, 1982) found that when managing acute febrile illness in apparently similar patient groups, residents in family practice obtained three times as many roentgenograms as did pediatric residents whereas pediatricians obtained five times as many cultures and ten times as many "strep screens" as did family practitioners.
Despite these dramatically different diagnostic approaches, the patients' therapy and subsequent courses were remarkably similar: 47% of pediatric patients were treated with antibiotics vs 43% of family practice patients; 92% of pediatric patients were well within six days vs 88% of family practice patients.
On Teaching Endotracheal Intubation
Authors: Katzman Gerald H. 
Published: December 2021

Teaching endotracheal intubation to a large number of house staff, nurses, and respiratory therapists is often a difficult task. The difficulty is mainly in finding appropriate situations for practice while at the same time not compromising patient care.
The anesthetized kitten1 has been suggested as a good model for teaching intubation. Although practice on the kitten is useful, in my experience transference of the intubation skill to a clinical situation with a human neonate has been less than satisfactory.
New Penny Is Not Expensive
Authors: Frye Thomas R. 
Published: December 2021

I was intrigued by the article on the radiodensity of the new penny by Dorst and associates (Pediatrics 69:224, 1982). It is reassuring to know that we pediatric radiologists will continue to be able to find pennies in our little patients who inhale and ingest them.
Hidden in the next to the last paragraph is a fact which I think is even more important as the authors may have inadvertently stumbled on one of the true monetary crises of our government.
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-Antibody Profile in an Infant Congenitally Infected by the EBV
Authors: Chang R. Shihman 
Published: December 2021

In 1973, Blankenship and I reported on an apparently healthy infant who was infected by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in utero.1 In testing for EBV capsid (VCA) antibody in this infant, we found weak positive reactions with undiluted sera but negative reactions with sera diluted at 1/4. Because sera were generally tested at the initial dilution of 1/8 or 1/10 and were considered as negative for VCA antibody if there were no visible reactions,2,3 we concluded that the congenitally infected infant was EBV-seronegative.
See table in the PDF file
Facial Pain
Authors: GAGE ARTHUR A. 
Published: December 2021

The article, "Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction with Facial Pain in Children," (Pediatrics 69:564, 1982) inferred that pains and/or dysfunctions of the temporomandibular (TM) joint constitute a disorder. This is not so. The joint, comprising various tissues, subject to diverse pathologies, may require any of a number of treatment modalities. If a conclusion of one disorder prevailed, it would invite irrational stereotyped "treatment," which, unfortunately does occur.
Pain perceived in the joint region may be referred from a remote source of deep continuous pain, as from an otitis media.
Quinacrine Skin Discoloration Is Associated with Fluorescence of `Y' Chromosome in Male Cells and Malarial Parasites in Malaria
Authors: LEWIN PETER K. 
Published: December 2021

Sokol et al reported yellow discoloration in a child treated with quinacrine for giardiasis. This, as the authors suggest, is a well known harmless side effect of quinacrine.
During work with quinacrine fluorescence of the "Y" chromosome, we observed that malarial parasites within red cells of blood smears also fluoresced brightly. At that time we examined a smear of a Nigerian adult male with malaria, who had yellow discoloration due to quinacrine therapy. Not only did we demonstrate quinacrine fluorescence of "Y" chromosomes in white cells of his unstained blood smear but fluorescent malarial parasites were still present in some red cells.
Fab Fragments in Treatment of Digoxin Ingestion
Authors: SMITH THOMAS W. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
Accompanying the paper of Zucker et al in the September issue of Pediatrics1 is a listing of sources from which digoxin-specific Fab fragments are stated to be available. Unfortunately, this is no longer the case. All of the individuals and institutions listed have been part of a multicenter trial of clinical safety and efficacy of purified digoxin-specific Fab fragments in the treatment of advanced, life-threatening digitalis toxicity. At the present time, however, supplies of the material are extremely limited, and several of the centers listed have exhausted their supplies of digoxin-specific Fab fragments.
Carbamazepine-Isoniazid Interaction
Authors: WRIGHT J. M. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
The case report of carbamazepine intoxication secondary to isoniazid administration recently described in this journal1 is a clinically significant interaction.
I have previously presented2 a similar case in which a patient receiving carbamazepine, valproate, and nitrazepam developed severe carbamazepine intoxication when isoniazid was added to the drug regimen. The patient was determined to have inherited the slow acetylator phenotype. On careful rechallenge, 300 mg of isoniazid increased carbamazepine steady-state serum concentrations by 85% and decreased carbamazepine clearance by 45%.
Carbamazepine-Isoniazid Interaction
Authors: BLOCK STANLEY HOYT 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
Wright's similar case of carbamazepine intoxication following the addition of isoniazid is most interesting, and it emphasizes our conclusions that physicians should be aware of the risk of interaction between carbamazepine and certain other medications, such as isoniazid. It is noteworthy that Wright's patient was determined to have inherited the slow acetylator phenotype. This information is not available on our patient.
Wright correctly points out an important clerical error in my recent article, in which the following is printed:
Soy Formula Doesn't Help Colic
Authors: LOTHE LASSE , LINDBERG TOR , JAKOBSSON IRÉNE 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
We fully agree with LeBlanc that there was no significant improvement when infants with colic were given a soy protein-based formula. As pointed out in the "Discussion," as many as 53% of the infants showed an adverse reaction to soy (corresponding figure for cow's milk formula was 71%).
We also emphasized that these figures must be interpreted with caution. In fact, soy protein-based formula was a bad choice as placebo. A placebo substance should be a substance of no importance as an allergen in infancy and soy protein has been shown to be as antigenic as cow's milk proteins (Eastham EJ, et al: J Pediatr 1978;93:561).
Should Screening Programs Be Perfect?
Authors: WYATT PHILIP R. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
The report of the New England Regional Screening Program1 on neonatal hypothyroidism is a stunning illustration of the vulnerability of screening programs. It is unfortunate that this experience will probably be used as an argument to minimize the input of screening programs in the health care system in the United States.
The report illustrates that, in addition to the 2% of the screened population that eluded the program, 14 infants with hypothyroidism escaped the full benefits of early detection and treatment.
Carboxyhemoglobin Concentration in Fetal Cord Blood
Authors: HUCH R. , HUCH A. , TUCHSCHMID P. , ZIJLSTRA W. G. , ZWART A. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
Bureau et al1 reported that the concentration of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) is increased more than twofold in cord blood of newborns of smoking mothers as compared to corresponding values in maternal venous blood. Data were obtained from an IL 282 (Instrumentation Laboratory, Lexington) Co-oximeter, an instrument using spectroscopic multicomponent analysis of HbO2, Hb, MetHb, and HbCO in whole blood.
We are concerned that the data presented are due to an artifact of HbCO measurement as the instrument used is not suitable for the correct measurement of HbCO concentrations in fetal blood.
Breast-Feeding and Infections
Authors: FRANK ARTHUR L. , TABER LARRY H. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
We agree completely with Mick and Grossman and Prober and Bachrach that there were differences between the families of breast-fed and bottle-fed children in our study.1 They note the important difference in parental smoking but there were others shown in our table 1 as well. In the paragraph just before "Implications" (p 244), we made the point that these social and behavioral disparities support our main conclusion that there were few significant differences between the groups and "weaken arguments based on the observed trends to protection."
Role of Xanthine Oxidase and Its Inhibitor in Hypoxia: Reoxygenation Injury
Authors: Saugstad Ola Didrik 
Published: December 2021

Objective. This article reviews the biochemistry and function of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and xanthine oxidase (XO) as well as their role in hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Possible benefits of XO blockade are discussed.
Methodology. The available literature was reviewed. Results. It is evident that relatively high activities of XO are restricted to a few organs in man. Because positive effects of XO blockade with allopurinol have been reported even in organs containing relatively low activities of XO, two other possible favorable actions of allopurinol are mentioned. First it may act as an oxygen radical scavenger, and second, it may augment the adenine nucleotides and, hence, adenosine triphosphate concentration in the cell.
Conclusions. XDH and XO may play an important role in a series of pathophysiologic conditions. Their role in hypoxia-reoxygenation injury has been critically reviewed. However, care should be exercised in starting randomized trials to prevent hypoxia-reoxygenation injury with allopurinol, especially in newborn infants. Speculation. XDH and XO are released from the liver during hypoxic conditions, for instance, and consequently, they may reach a number of organs via the circulation.
Treatment of Lead-exposed Children
Authors: Marcus Steven M. 
Published: December 2021

I am writing in response to the recommendations in the statement "Treatment Guidelines for Lead Exposure in Children," by the Committee on Drugs, reported in the July 1995 issue of Pediatrics. The Committee did an admirable job in reviewing the various aspects of treating lead poisoning; however, there are several points that were made that need to be clarified.
Although no one would argue that treatment is indicated for lead encephalopathy, there have been no studies, to my knowledge, of a double-blind, controlled nature, showing that treatment of lead poisoning, in the absence of clinical symptoms, is of any use in either reversing any neurologic or developmental abnormalities or, in fact, in prevention of such.
THE WORST IS YET TO COME ..
Authors: L. J. F. 
Published: December 2021

Jerome Kassirer, in a current issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, expressed the fear that:
market-driven care is likely to alienate physicians, undermine patients' trusts of physicians' motives, cripple academic medical centers, [and] handicap the research establishment ... On the one hand, doctors are expected to provide a wide range of services, recommend the best treatments, and improve patients' quality of life. On the other, to keep expenses to a minimum they must limit the use of services, increase efficiency, shorten the time spent with each patient, and use specialists sparingly!
Tuberculin Skin Test Screening in Schoolchildren in the United States
Authors: Driver Cynthia R. , Valway Sarah E. , Cantwell Michael F. , Onorato Ida M. 
Published: December 2021

Objective. To determine the current practices and results of tuberculin skin test (TST) screening of schoolchildren in the United States.
Methods. Tuberculosis program staff in all states and the District of Columbia were asked about current requirements, practices, and results of school-based TST screening.
Results. Thirty-four states and the District of Columbia (69%) reported no current statewide statutes or policies for tuberculin screening of schoolchildren, and 10 (19%) reported having statewide requirements. In 6 states (12%), requirements were instituted at the local level, and 24 localities in these states were known to require screening. Of the 34 areas requiring screening, 18 (53%) screened all new entrants, 7 (21%) screened children in specific grades, and 9 (26%) used other criteria for screening. TST results were collected for 26 (76%) of 34 areas, and 6 areas collected results of follow-up evaluation of tuberculin-positive children. Additionally, 8 localities in 7 states with no screening requirements conducted tuberculin surveys. Sixteen areas provided results. In 7 of the 8 areas that collected information about birthplace, less than 2% of US-born children were tuberculin positive; foreign-born children had rates 6 to 24 times higher than US-born children. TST screening identified few cases of tuberculosis, less than 0.02% of the children screened.
Conclusion. School-based tuberculin screening identified low rates of positive TST results in US-born children. Resources should be directed toward screening children at high risk for tuberculous infection, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Advisory Committee for Elimination of Tuberculosis.
Diseño de un tablero de control para el seguimiento del desempeño de una grúa torre en un proyecto de construcción
Authors: Gamboa Araya Diego , Mata Abdelnour Erick 
Published: December 2021

La grúa torre es un equipo con un alto costo de operación y crítico para el avance de las construcciones verticales. Por ello, surge la necesidad de tener instrumentos que permitan controlar el desempeño de la grúa torre en los proyectos de construcción verticales. En esta investigación, se creó un tablero de control, el cual posibilita la medición y el control del desempeño de la grúa torre durante la ejecución del proyecto constructivo. La herramienta diseñada se implementó en la construcción de un edificio con un sistema estructural compuesto por muros, columnas y losas postensadas. Se estudió solamente una grúa torre. En algunas ocasiones, se brindaron causas lógicas y razonables para explicar un determinado comportamiento de la grúa torre analizada. Sin embargo, estas causas podrían no ser ni las únicas ni las definitivas. Se recurrió al muestreo de trabajo para obtener representatividad en las muestras. Se estima que la herramienta propuesta traerá las siguientes mejoras: enfoque de la grúa torre en las tareas más críticas; medición y mejora de los rendimientos de diversas tareas esenciales para el avance; determinación y reducción del porcentaje de tiempo muerto; mejor seguimiento a los incidentes y reducción de los accidentes, lo que reduce el tiempo en el que el proyecto está detenido debido a accidentes; y, finalmente, mayor seguimiento al mantenimiento de la grúa torre, lo que disminuye el tiempo en el que el equipo está detenido debido a fallas. El costo de la implementación de la herramienta presentada es viable para la mayoría de empresas a cargo de construcciones de modalidad vertical. La relación costo-beneficio del instrumento propuesto se estimó en un factor de 9.8, lo cual sugiere que los beneficios de la herramienta son considerablemente mayores que sus costos.
Myocardial Insulin Resistance
Authors: De Oliveira Andrade Luis Jesuino , Santos Padilha Ingrid Silva , Matos de Oliveira Luís , Matos de Oliveira Gabriela Correia 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The low available of Glut-4 transporters in sarcolemma of the cardiac cells is what characterizes the myocardial insulin resistance (MIR), which is triggered separately of generalized insulin resistance. Insulin receptors are quite evident in the heart muscle and vessels, and mitochondrial activity performs a significant function in MIR preserving cellular homeostasis by cell reproduction, cells livelihoods, and energy generation.
Objective:
To evaluate the MIR mechanism and through the signaling pathway design.
Methods:
PubMed database was employed to search for reviews publications with MIR. The referenced data of the signaling pathway was chosen aggregating references of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. A signaling pathway was designed based on MIR research manuscripts, where we show several mechanisms included in the MIR. The KEGG server was employed to exploit the interrelationship protein-protein, and elaborate signaling pathway diagram. The signaling pathway mapping was carried out with PathVisio software.
Results:
We selected 42 articles from a total of 450 articles in the PubMed database that presented a significant association between the terms "insulin resistance myocardial" AND "signaling pathway". Founded on database-validated research papers, we choose well-founded pathways and we succeeded representative description of these pathways. The reproduction contigs taken from the KEGG database designed the signaling pathway of the bio-molecules that lead to MIR. Thus, the acting among multiple mechanisms releases factors that participate of the development of MIR.
Conclusion:
The interaction among various mechanisms and molecular interactions are important factors in development of MIR.