bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inelastic, exchange, and reactive processes in rovibrationally excited collisions of HD with H
Authors: Zhou Boyi , Yang Benhui , Balakrishnan N , Kendrick B K , Chen Maodu , Stancil P C 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The HD molecule is an important coolant in early universe chemistry models and a tracer of H2 in star-forming regions. Rate coefficients for collisional excitation and de-excitation of HD rotational and vibrational levels form important ingredients in astrophysical models. While collisions with He, H2, and H are the most important, available data for H + HD collisions are largely limited to temperatures less than 1000 K for the vibrational ground state, low-lying rotational levels of the v = 1 HD vibrational level, or computed without reactive contributions. Here, through explicit quantum scattering calculations, we report extensive data for rovibrational transitions in HD induced by H atoms for a range of rotational levels in v = 1 and some v = 0 levels for temperatures up to 1000 K. The significance of the computed results for astrophysical modeling is discussed.
Constraining merging galaxy clusters with X-ray and lensing simulations and observations: the case of Abell 2146
Authors: Chadayammuri Urmila , ZuHone John , Nulsen Paul , Nagai Daisuke , Felix Sharon , Andrade-Santos Felipe , King Lindsay , Russell Helen 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Galaxy cluster mergers are a powerful laboratory for testing cosmological and astrophysical models. However, interpreting individual merging clusters depends crucially on their merger configuration, defined by the masses, velocities, impact parameters, and orientation of the merger axis with respect to the plane of the sky. In this work, we investigate the impact of merger parameters on the X-ray emitting intracluster medium and gravitational lensing maps using a suite of idealized simulations of binary cluster mergers performed using the gamer-2 code. As a test case, we focus on modelling the Bullet Cluster-like merging system Abell 2146, in which deep Chandra X-ray and lensing observations revealed prominent merger shocks as well as the mass distribution and substructures associated with this merging cluster. We identify the most interesting parameter combinations, and evaluate the effects of various parameters on the properties of merger shocks observed by deep Chandra and lensing observations. We show that due to gravitational compression of the cluster haloes during the merger, previous mass estimates from weak lensing are too high. The plane of the merger is tilted further from the plane of the sky than estimated previously, up to 30° from the plane of the sky. We discuss the applicability of our results to multiwavelength observations of merging galaxy clusters and their use as probes of cosmology and plasma physics.
Supermassive stars with random transverse magnetic fields
Authors: Lou Yu-Qing , Ma Jing-Ze 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Gravitational dynamic collapses of supermassive stars (SMSs) triggered at certain critical stages may give rise to black holes (BHs) in a broad mass range that populate the Universe including the early Universe. SMSs have been speculated as the progenitors or seeds of supermassive BHs that power quasars and active galactic nuclei. We study quasi-spherical magnetostatic equilibria and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) radial pulsational (in)stability properties of non-rotating SMSs involving random transverse magnetic fields (RTMFs) using the general relativity (GR). With RTMFs, the maxima of the gravitational binding energy mark the GR MHD transition from stability to instability and the RTMF does not modify the GR stability criterion significantly when the ratio ${\cal M}/\left|\Omega \right|\lesssim0.1$, where $\cal M$ is the total magnetic energy and Ω is the total gravitational potential energy. When $0.1\lesssim{\cal M}/\left|\Omega \right|\lesssim1$, nevertheless, the critical GR magnetostatic equilibria on the verge of GR MHD collapses or explosions may change drastically, raising the upper mass limit at the onset of GR MHD instability from ∼105 to ∼106 M⊙ and even higher. For ${\cal M}/\left|\Omega \right|\sim 1$, the evolution track of magnetized SMS is shifted towards the redder part of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, featuring a sort of ‘magnetic reddening’ associated with the stellar ‘magnetized envelope inflation’. By estimates, the RTMF energy stored in an SMS can be as large as ∼1057 erg, enough to power gamma-ray bursts, fast radio bursts, or other forms of powerful electromagnetic wave bursts. It is possible for magnetized massive stars to dynamically form BHs in the mass range from several tens to thousands of solar masses without necessarily triggering the central electron-positron e± instability inside such stars – this fact is highly pertinent to the reports of LIGO-Virgo gravitational wave event scenario of binary BH mergers.
Are hierarchically formed embedded star clusters surviving gas expulsion depending on their initial conditions?
Authors: Domínguez R , Farias J P , Fellhauer M , Klessen Ralf S 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigate the dissolution process of young embedded star clusters with different primordial mass segregation levels using fractal distributions by means of N-body simulations. We combine several star clusters in virial and subvirial global states with Plummer and uniform density profiles to mimic the gas. The star clusters have masses of Mstars = 500 M⊙ that follow an initial mass function where the stars have maximum distance from the centre of r = 1.5 pc. The clusters are placed in clouds that at the same radius have masses of Mcloud = 2000 M⊙, resulting in star formation efficiency of 0.2. We remove the background potential instantaneously at a very early phase, mimicking the most destructive scenario of gas expulsion. The evolution of the fraction of bound stellar mass is followed for a total of 16 Myr for simulations with stellar evolution and without. We compare our results with previous works using equal-mass particles where an analytical physical model was used to estimate the bound mass fraction after gas expulsion. We find that independent of the initial condition, the fraction of bound stellar mass can be well predicted just right after the gas expulsion but tends to be lower at later stages, as these systems evolve due to the stronger two-body interactions resulting from the inclusion of a realistic initial mass function. This discrepancy is independent of the primordial mass segregation level.
Duplex-Repair enables highly accurate sequencing, despite DNA damage
Authors: Xiong Kan , Shea Douglas , Rhoades Justin , Blewett Timothy , Liu Ruolin , Bae Jin H , Nguyen Erica , Makrigiorgos G Mike , Golub Todd R , Adalsteinsson Viktor A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Accurate DNA sequencing is crucial in biomedicine. Underlying the most accurate methods is the assumption that a mutation is true if altered bases are present on both strands of the DNA duplex. We now show that this assumption can be wrong. We establish that current methods to prepare DNA for sequencing, via ‘End Repair/dA-Tailing,’ may substantially resynthesize strands, leading amplifiable lesions or alterations on one strand to become indiscernible from true mutations on both strands. Indeed, we discovered that 7–17% and 32–57% of interior ‘duplex base pairs’ from cell-free DNA and formalin-fixed tumor biopsies, respectively, could be resynthesized in vitro and potentially introduce false mutations. To address this, we present Duplex-Repair, and show that it limits interior duplex base pair resynthesis by 8- to 464-fold, rescues the impact of induced DNA damage, and affords up to 8.9-fold more accurate duplex sequencing. Our study uncovers a major Achilles’ heel in sequencing and offers a solution to restore high accuracy.
A molecularly integrated grade for meningioma
Authors: Driver Joseph , Hoffman Samantha E , Tavakol Sherwin , Woodward Eleanor , Maury Eduardo A , Bhave Varun , Greenwald Noah F , Nassiri Farshad , Aldape Kenneth , Zadeh Gelareh , Choudhury Abrar , Vasudevan Harish N , Magill Stephen T , Raleigh David R , Abedalthagafi Malak , Aizer Ayal A , Alexander Brian M , Ligon Keith L , Reardon David A , Wen Patrick Y , Al-Mefty Ossama , Ligon Azra H , Dubuc Adrian M , Beroukhim Rameen , Claus Elizabeth B , Dunn Ian F , Santagata Sandro , Bi Wenya Linda 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumor in adults. Clinical care is currently guided by the World Health Organization (WHO) grade assigned to meningiomas, a 3-tiered grading system based on histopathology features, as well as extent of surgical resection. Clinical behavior, however, often fails to conform to the WHO grade. Additional prognostic information is needed to optimize patient management.

Methods
We evaluated whether chromosomal copy-number data improved prediction of time-to-recurrence for patients with meningioma who were treated with surgery, relative to the WHO schema. The models were developed using Cox proportional hazards, random survival forest, and gradient boosting in a discovery cohort of 527 meningioma patients and validated in 2 independent cohorts of 172 meningioma patients characterized by orthogonal genomic platforms.

Results
We developed a 3-tiered grading scheme (Integrated Grades 1-3), which incorporated mitotic count and loss of chromosome 1p, 3p, 4, 6, 10, 14q, 18, 19, or CDKN2A. 32% of meningiomas reclassified to either a lower-risk or higher-risk Integrated Grade compared to their assigned WHO grade. The Integrated Grade more accurately identified meningioma patients at risk for recurrence, relative to the WHO grade, as determined by time-dependent area under the curve, average precision, and the Brier score.

Conclusion
We propose a molecularly integrated grading scheme for meningiomas that significantly improves upon the current WHO grading system in prediction of progression-free survival. This framework can be broadly adopted by clinicians with relative ease using widely available genomic technologies and presents an advance in the care of meningioma patients.
Interpreting and Reframing the Appropriate Adult Safeguard
Authors: Dehaghani Roxanna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The appropriate adult (AA) safeguard is an important procedural safeguard that can be implemented to protect vulnerable suspects at the police investigative stage of the criminal process. The safeguard is available for young suspects (below the age of 18) and adult suspects who are defined as vulnerable, and can be performed by a vast array of individuals. It is intended to protect evidence, enable effective participation and avoid miscarriages of justice. However, the safeguard lacks an underpinning conceptual framework; it is, and can, be interpreted in multiple ways, thus undermining its efficacy. Drawing upon doctrinal and socio-legal analysis, this article examines how the safeguard is—and, crucially, can be—conceptualised. It is argued that, although it is used principally as an evidential safeguard, the appropriate adult could be reimagined through the United Nations Conventions on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the United Nations Conventions on the Rights of the Child, with a specific focus on allowing for effective participation of the vulnerable suspect.
Cases of spontaneous reattachment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Orazbekov Lukpan , Zhanbolat Kamilya , Ruslanuly Kairat 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Report on clinical cases of spontaneous reattachment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). From 2014 to 2020 we diagnosed four patients with spontaneous reattachment of RRD. We conducted a review of the relevant medical records, focusing on the initial symptoms at presentation, the initial diagnoses, with a further observation of the patients next 3 years. The patients were re-examined 3 years later after cases of spontaneous reattachment of RRD. Three years after a case of spontaneous reattachment of RRD during reexamination in four patients (four eyes), redetachment was not detected. The mentioned clinical cases indicate the possibility of finding new approaches to RRD management.
Anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies involve reversible cranial dura matter
Authors: Kataoka Hiroshi , Shimada Daisuke , Nanaura Hitoki , Sugie Kazuma 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
This case is the first document to describe a patient receiving anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibodies which showed cranial dura matter involvement. According to the increasing use of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies, adverse effects can occur in several organs since its ligand PD-L1 and PD-L2 are expressed in a wide variety of tissues. The estimated rate of neurological complications is 1–4.2% of patients, and neuromuscular disorders are the most common. Adverse effects on the central nervous system including encephalitis are less frequent. Here, a patient receiving anti-PD-1 antibodies showed cranial dura matter involvement, and the dura enhancement on MRI was resolved by withdrawal of the treatment with anti-PD-1 antibodies only.
Loss of consciousness during air travel: A case of lung bullae
Authors: Nyalile Kenan B , Sadiq Abid M , Sadiq Adnan M , Shao Elichilia R 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
A giant lung bulla occupies at least a third of the lung space. We present a middle-aged man who lost consciousness during an air flight for 30 minutes, without any respiratory symptoms. An incidental finding on chest x-ray revealed a giant bulla and a chest computed tomography imaging confirmed the diagnosis and ruled out a tension pneumothorax. A giant lung bulla is an uncommon cause of loss of consciousness and may be suspected if it occurs during air travel.
Fifteen compelling open questions in plant cell biology
Authors: Roeder Adrienne H K , Otegui Marisa S , Dixit Ram , Anderson Charles T , Faulkner Christine , Zhang Yan , Harrison Maria J , Kirchhelle Charlotte , Goshima Gohta , Coate Jeremy E , Doyle Jeff J , Hamant Olivier , Sugimoto Keiko , Dolan Liam , Meyer Heather , Ehrhardt David W , Boudaoud Arezki , Messina Carlos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs scientists, we are at least as excited about the open questions—the things we do not know—as the discoveries. Here, we asked 15 experts to describe the most compelling open questions in plant cell biology. These are their questions: How are organelle identity, domains, and boundaries maintained under the continuous flux of vesicle trafficking and membrane remodeling? Is the plant cortical microtubule cytoskeleton a mechanosensory apparatus? How are the cellular pathways of cell wall synthesis, assembly, modification, and integrity sensing linked in plants? Why do plasmodesmata open and close? Is there retrograde signaling from vacuoles to the nucleus? How do root cells accommodate fungal endosymbionts? What is the role of cell edges in plant morphogenesis? How is the cell division site determined? What are the emergent effects of polyploidy on the biology of the cell, and how are any such “rules” conditioned by cell type? Can mechanical forces trigger new cell fates in plants? How does a single differentiated somatic cell reprogram and gain pluripotency? How does polarity develop de-novo in isolated plant cells? What is the spectrum of cellular functions for membraneless organelles and intrinsically disordered proteins? How do plants deal with internal noise? How does order emerge in cells and propagate to organs and organisms from complex dynamical processes? We hope you find the discussions of these questions thought provoking and inspiring.
Vacuolar fructose transporter SWEET17 is critical for root development and drought tolerance
Authors: Valifard Marzieh , Le Hir Rozenn , Müller Jonas , Scheuring David , Neuhaus Horst Ekkehard , Pommerrenig Benjamin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Root growth and architecture are markedly influenced by both developmental and environmental cues. Sugars integrate different stimuli and are essential building blocks and signaling molecules for modulating the root system. Members from the SUGAR WILL EVENTUALLY BE EXPORTED TRANSPORTER (SWEET) family facilitate the transport of different sugars over cellular membranes and steer both inter and intracellular distribution of sugars. SWEET17 represents a fructose-specific sugar porter localized to the vacuolar membrane, the tonoplast. Here, we analyzed how SWEET17-dependent fructose released from vacuoles affects root growth during drought stress in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We found that the SWEET17 gene was predominantly expressed in the root vasculature and in meristematic cells of the root tip. SWEET17 expression appeared markedly induced during lateral root (LR) outgrowth and under drought. Moreover, fructose repressed primary root growth but induced density and length of first order LRs. Consistently, sweet17 knock-out mutants exhibited reduced LR growth and a diminished expression of LR-development-related transcription factors during drought stress, resulting in impaired drought tolerance of sweet17 mutants. We discuss how SWEET17 activity integrates drought-induced cellular responses into fructose signaling necessary for modulation of the root system and maximal drought tolerance.
Form and Deformity in George Crabbe’s The Borough
Authors: Béres Rogers Kathleen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Much has been said about Romantic writers’ experimentation with form, with new forms—or deviations from old ones—working to parallel a need for social re-form. This makes it even more remarkable that George Crabbe, who explores poverty, pollution, disability, and other variants of aesthetic deformity in his 1810 The Borough, nonetheless refers to and often writes in traditional forms, including the epic, the country house poem, the eclogue, and evolving modes like the Gothic and the confessional poem. This essay argues that this dissonance between form and content is intentional: that Crabbe writes in traditional forms to illustrate that traditional forms, especially physical environments, can easily become physically and morally polluted.
Incorporating gout guideline advice into urate reports is associated with reduced hospital admissions: results of an observational study
Authors: Riches Philip L , Downie Laura , Thomson Carol 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the impact of incorporating treatment guidance into reporting of urate test results.

Methods
Urate targets for clinically confirmed gout were added to urate results above 0.36 mmol/l requested after September 2014 within NHS Lothian. Scotland-wide data on urate-lowering therapy prescriptions and hospital admissions with gout were analysed between 2009 and 2020. Local data on urate tests were analysed between 2014 and 2015.

Results
Admissions with a primary diagnosis of gout in Lothian reduced modestly following the intervention from 111/year in 2010–2014 to 104/year in 2015–2019, a non-significant difference (P = 0.32). In contrast there was a significant increase in admissions to remaining NHS Scotland health boards (556/year vs 606/year, P &lt; 0.01). For a secondary diagnosis of gout the number of admissions in NHS Lothian reduced significantly (58/year vs 39/year, P &lt; 0.01) contrasting with a significant increase in remaining Scottish health boards (220/year vs 290/year, P &lt; 0.01). The relative rate of admissions to NHS Lothian compared with remaining Scottish boards using a 2009 baseline were significantly reduced for both primary diagnosis of gout (1.06 vs 1.25, P &lt; 0.001) and secondary diagnoses of gout (0.64 compared with 1.4, P &lt; 0.001) after the intervention; however, there was no difference before the intervention. A relative increase in the prescription rates of allopurinol 300 mg tablets and febuxostat 120 mg tablets may have contributed to the improved outcomes seen.

Conclusion
Incorporation of clinical guideline advice into routine reporting of urate results was associated with reduced rates of admission with gout in NHS Lothian, in comparison with other Scottish health boards.
Dynamic Delirium Severity Trajectories and Their Association With 2-Year Healthcare Utilization and Mortality Outcomes
Authors: Lindroth Heidi , Mohanty Sanjay , Ortiz Damaris , Gao Sujuan , Perkins Anthony J. , Khan Sikandar H. , Boustani Malaz A. , Khan Babar A. 
Published: September 2021

Importance:
Delirium severity has been associated with a higher risk of mortality and an increasing morbidity burden. Recently defined delirium severity trajectories were predictive of 30-day mortality in a critically ill patient population. No studies to date have examined associations between delirium severity trajectories and 2-year mortality and healthcare utilization outcomes.

Objectives:
To examine the associations between recently defined delirium severity trajectories and 2-year healthcare utilization outcomes of emergency department visits, rehospitalizations, and mortality.

Design, Setting, and Participants:
This is a secondary analysis using data from the randomized controlled clinical trial Pharmacological Management of Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit and Deprescribing in the Pharmacologic Management of Delirium trial conducted from 2009 to 2015. Patients who were greater than or equal to 18 years old, were in the ICU for greater than or equal to 24 hours, and had a positive delirium assessment (Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU) were included in the original trial. Participants were included in the secondary analysis if 2-year healthcare utilization and mortality data were available (n = 431).

Main Outcomes and Measures:
Healthcare utilization data within 2 years of the initial discharge date were pulled from the Indiana Network for Patient Care. Data over a 2-year period on emergency department visits (days to first emergency department visit, number of emergency department visits), inpatient hospitalizations (days to first hospitalizations, number of hospitalizations), and mortality (time to death) were extracted. Univariate relationships, Cox proportional hazard models, and competing risk modeling were used to examine statistical relationships in SAS v9.4.

Results:
The overall sample (n = 431) had a mean age of 60 (sd, 16), 56% were females, and 49% African-Americans. No significant associations were identified between delirium severity trajectories and time to event for emergency department visit, mortality, or rehospitalization within 2 years of the index hospital discharge.

Conclusions and Relevance:
This secondary analysis did not identify a significant relationship between delirium severity trajectories and healthcare utilization or mortality within 2 years of hospital discharge.