bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes and Perceptions of Health Protection Measures Against the Spread of COVID-19 in Italy and Poland
Authors: Lorettu Liliana , Mastrangelo Giuseppe , Stepien Joanna , Grabowski Jakub , Meloni Roberta , Piu Davide , Michalski Tomasz , Waszak Przemyslaw M. , Bellizzi Saverio , Cegolon Luca 
Published: December 2021

Background:During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (April to May 2020), 6,169 Polish and 939 Italian residents were surveyed with an online questionnaire investigating socio-demographic information and personality traits (first section) as well as attitudes, position, and efficacy perceptions on the impact of lockdown (second section) and various health protection measures enforced (third section).Methods:The “health protection attitude score” (HPAS), an endpoint obtained by pooling up the answers to questions of the third section of the survey tool, was investigated by multiple linear regression models, reporting regression coefficients (RC) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results:Concerns for business and health due to COVID-19 were associated with a positive attitude toward risk reduction rules. By contrast, male sex, concerns about the reliability of information available online on COVID-19 and its prevention, along with the feeling of not being enough informed on the transmissibility/prevention of SARS-CoV-2 were associated with a negative attitude toward risk mitigation measures.Discussion:A recent literature review identified two social patterns with different features in relation to their attitude toward health protection rules against the spread of COVID-19. Factors positively associated with adherence to public health guidelines were perceived threat of COVID-19, trust in government, female sex, and increasing age. Factors associated with decreased compliance were instead underestimation of the COVID-19 risk, limited knowledge of the pandemic, belief in conspiracy theories, and political conservativism. Very few studies have tested interventions to change attitudes or behaviors.Conclusion:To improve attitude and compliance toward risk reduction norms, a key intervention is fostering education and knowledge on COVID-19 health risk and prevention among the general population. However, information on COVID-19 epidemiology might be user-generated and contaminated by social media, which contributed to creating an infodemic around the disease. To prevent the negative impact of social media and to increase adherence to health protection, stronger content control by providers of social platforms is recommended.
Prevalence of Comorbid Personality Disorder in Psychotic and Non-psychotic Disorders
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhang Lei , Zhang Jiechun , Ye Zhihao , Li Ping , Wang Feng , Cao Yili , Zhang Shaojun , Zhou Fang , Ai Zisheng , Zhao Nan 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The burden of personality disorders (PDs) in China is large and the focus on mental health services is increasing. However, there is a lack of sufficient evidence regarding the prevalence of comorbid PD in psychotic and non-psychotic disorders, and whether PDs have different distributions. We aimed to investigate the PD comorbidity distribution pattern between psychotic and non-psychotic disorders using a clinical population-based study.Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,497 patients in Shanghai. PDs were screened using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire Fourth Edition Plus (PDQ-4+). All patients were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) Axis II (SCID-II). We compared the differences in PD comorbidities classified as the 10 types of PDs in the DSM-IV, in 531 patients with psychosis and 966 patients with non-psychotic disorders.Results: More than one-third (37%) of patients with psychotic disorders met the criteria of at least one PD. Approximately half (46%) of patients with non-psychotic disorders met the criteria of at least one PD. Patients with non-psychotic disorders were more likely to meet the criteria of borderline (χ2 = 20.154, p &lt; 0.001) and obsessive-compulsive PD (χ2 = 21.164, p &lt; 0.001) diagnoses compared to those with psychotic disorders. In contrast, patients with psychotic disorders were more likely to meet the criteria of paranoid (χ2 = 11.144, p = 0.001) and schizotypal PD (χ2 = 14.004, p &lt; 0.001) diagnoses than those with non-psychotic disorders.Discussion: PD comorbidity is common and comorbidity distribution pattern is varied in patients with psychotic and non-psychotic disorders, implicating the development of specific strategies that could screen and assess PDs in psychiatric clinical practice.
The Contributing Factors of Delayed-Onset Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Nested Case-Control Study Conducted After the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
Authors: Yang Yanlin , Zeng Wenqi , Lu Bingqing , Wen Jin 
Published: December 2021

Background: Delayed-onset post-traumatic stress disorder after catastrophes is a major public health issue. However, good designs for identifying post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among earthquake survivors are rare. This is the first nested case-control study to explore the possible factors associated with delayed-onset PTSD symptoms.Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted. The baseline (2011) and follow-up (2018) surveys were utilized to collect data. A total of 361 survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake were investigated and 340 survivors underwent follow-up. The survivors, from the hardest-hit areas, who met the criteria for PTSD were included in the case group, and PTSD-free survivors from the same area, matched for age, were included in the control group, with a ratio of one to four. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the variables' odds ratio (OR).Results: The overall prevalence of delayed-onset PTSD symptoms in survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake was 9.7% (33/340). The unemployed earthquake survivors had a higher risk of developing delayed-onset PTSD symptoms (OR = 4.731, 95% CI = 1.408–15.901), while higher perceived social support was a protective factor against delayed-onset PTSD symptoms (OR = 0.172, 95% CI = 0.052–0.568).Conclusion: Delayed-onset PTSD symptoms, after a disaster, should not be ignored. Active social support and the provision of stable jobs can contribute to the earthquake survivors' mental health.
Guardian Reports of Children's Sub-optimal Oral Health Are Associated With Clinically Determined Early Childhood Caries, Unrestored Caries Lesions, and History of Toothaches
Authors: Imes Emily P. , Ginnis Jeannie , Shrestha Poojan , Simancas-Pallares Miguel A. , Divaris Kimon 
Published: December 2021

Background: Parents'/guardians' perceptions of their children's oral health are useful proxies of their clinically determined caries status and are known to influence dental care-seeking behavior. In this study, we sought to examine (1) the social and behavioral correlates of fair/poor child oral health reported by guardians and (2) quantify the association of these reports with the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), unrestored caries lesions and toothaches.Methods: We used guardian-reported child oral health information (dichotomized as fair/poor vs. excellent/very good/good) obtained via a parent questionnaire that was completed for n = 7,965 participants (mean age = 52 months; range = 36-71 months) of a community-based, cross-sectional epidemiologic study of early childhood oral health in North Carolina between 2016 and 2019. Social, demographic, oral health-related behavioral data, and reports on children's history of toothaches (excluding teething) were collected in the same questionnaire. Unrestored ECC (i.e., caries lesions) was measured via clinical examinations in a subset of n = 6,328 children and was defined as the presence of one or more tooth surfaces with an ICDAS ≥ 3 caries lesion. Analyses relied on descriptive and bivariate methods, and multivariate modeling with average marginal effect (A.M.E.) estimation accounting for the clustered nature of the data. Estimates of association [prevalence ratios (PR) and adjusted marginal effects (AME) with 95% confidence intervals (CI)] were obtained via multilevel generalized linear models using Stata's svy function and accounting for the clustered nature of the data.Results: The prevalence of fair/poor oral health in this sample was 15%–it increased monotonically with children's age, was inversely associated with parents' educational attainment, and was higher among Hispanics (21%) and African Americans (15%) compared to non-Hispanic whites (11%). Brushing less than twice a day, not having a dental home, and frequently consuming sugar-containing snacks and beverages were significantly associated with worse reports (P &lt; 0.0005). Children with fair/poor reported oral health were twice as likely to have unrestored caries lesions [prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.8-2.1] and 3.5 times as likely to have experienced toothaches [PR = 3.5; 95% CI = 3.1-3.9] compared to those with better reported oral health.Conclusions: Guardian reports of their children's oral health are valuable indicators of clinical and public health-important child oral health status. Those with fair/poor guardian-reported child oral health have distinguishing characteristics spanning socio-demographics, oral-health related practices, diet, and presence of a dental home.
Genetic Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease in Racial/Ethnic Minority Populations in the U.S.: A Scoping Review
Authors: Rubin Lindsey , Ingram Lucy A. , Resciniti Nicholas V. , Ashford-Carroll Brianna , Leith Katherine Henrietta , Rose Aubrey , Ureña Stephanie , McCollum Quentin , Friedman Daniela B. 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: As the United States (U.S.) population rapidly ages, the incidence of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRDs) is rising, with racial/ethnic minorities affected at disproportionate rates. Much research has been undertaken to test, sequence, and analyze genetic risk factors for ADRDs in Caucasian populations, but comparatively little has been done with racial/ethnic minority populations. We conducted a scoping review to examine the nature and extent of the research that has been published about the genetic factors of ADRDs among racial/ethnic minorities in the U.S.Design: Using an established scoping review methodological framework, we searched electronic databases for articles describing peer-reviewed empirical studies or Genome-Wide Association Studies that had been published 2005–2018 and focused on ADRD-related genes or genetic factors among underrepresented racial/ethnic minority population in the U.S.Results: Sixty-six articles met the inclusion criteria for full text review. Well-established ADRD genetic risk factors for Caucasian populations including APOE, APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 have not been studied to the same degree in minority U.S. populations. Compared to the amount of research that has been conducted with Caucasian populations in the U.S., racial/ethnic minority communities are underrepresented.Conclusion: Given the projected growth of the aging population and incidence of ADRDs, particularly among racial/ethnic minorities, increased focus on this important segment of the population is warranted. Our review can aid researchers in developing fundamental research questions to determine the role that ADRD risk genes play in the heavier burden of ADRDs in racial/ethnic minority populations.
The Changing Trend in Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Male Patients With Urethral Stricture Over the Past 10 Years in China
Authors: Cheng Xu , Ding Mao , Peng Mou , Zhou Lizhi , Li Yijian , Peng Shuang , Cheng Shunhua , Wang Yinhuai 
Published: December 2021

Background: Male urethral stricture is a disease with a high incidence rate. With social-economic development in the developing countries, the trend of etiology and treatment of male urethral stricture changed was speculated.Methods: The clinical data of the male patients with urethral stricture from 2000 to 2019 were analyzed. The subjects were divided into Group A (2000–2009) and Group B (2010–2019) according to treatment time. The pooled analysis of the data extracted from pieces of literature was also performed.Results: About 540 patients were included in the present study, including 235 patients in Group A and 305 patients in Group B. In recent 10 years, trauma has still been the main cause of urethral stricture. Iatrogenic injury, especially transurethral operation, increases significantly, while male urethral stricture secondary to radiotherapy and infection decrease. Urethroplasty increases and the reoperation rate decreases in treating simple urethral stricture, and flap urethroplasty also increases in treating complex urethral stricture. The results of a pooled analysis of data from 11 centers in Mainland China are partially consistent with it. Complications, such as urethral fistula, false canal, ejaculation disorder, and penile curvature, decrease significantly.Conclusions: The main causes of urethral stricture in the recent 10 years are still trauma and iatrogenic injuries, and the etiology of urethral stricture is related to socioeconomic development. With the increase of intracavitary minimally invasive treatment and flap urethroplasty, the curative effect is increasing, while iatrogenic urethral stricture cannot be ignored.
Comparison of Survival and Safety Between Total Omentectomy and Partial Omentectomy for Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yue-Xin , Liu Han-Dong , Chen Ze-Hua , Jin Tao , Hu Jian-Kun , Yang Kun 
Published: December 2021

Background: The greater omentum can limit abdominal inflammation and act as a protective cushion, but it is always involved in dissemination of gastric cancer. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the survival and safety between total omentectomy and partial omentectomy for gastric cancer.Methods: Two investigators independently conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and Cochrane Library ranging from January 2000 to November 2020. The pooled odds ratio (ORs) and weighted mean difference (WMD) with the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to assess perioperative and survival parameters.Results: A total of 2,031 patients in 11 studies (574 patients in the partial omentectomy group and 1,457 patients in the total omentectomy group) were included. The results found shorter operation time (WMD = −25.584; P = 0.000) and less intraoperative blood loss (WMD = −47.301; P = 0.050) in the partial omentectomy group, compared to total omentectomy. There were no significant differences in terms of incidence of complications (OR = 0.770; P = 0.164), blood transfusions rates (OR = 0.269; P = 0.161), time to first flatus (WMD = 0.160; P = 0.345), hospital stay (WMD = −1.258; P = 0.087), and number of harvested lymph nodes (WMD = 1.265; P = 0.662). For the disease-free survival (OR = 0.80; P = 0.381) and overall survival, there were no statistical differences between the two procedures.Conclusions: The partial omentectomy could reduce operation time and trended to decrease intraoperative blood loss. And the survival in patients with partial omentectomy seemed to be comparable to that of patients with total omentectomy.
Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid PSO Enhanced ANFIS Model in Prediction of Traffic Flow of Vehicles on Freeways: Traffic Data Evidence from South Africa
Authors: Olayode Isaac Oyeyemi , Severino Alessandro , Tartibu Lagouge Kwanda , Arena Fabio , Cakici Ziya 
Published: December 2021

In the last few years, there has been a significant rise in the number of private vehicles ownership, migration of people from rural areas to urban cities, and the rise in the number of under-maintained freeways; all these have added to the perennial problem of traffic congestion. Traffic flow prediction has been recognized as the solution in alleviating and reducing the problem of traffic congestion. In this research, we developed an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system trained by particle swarm optimization (ANFIS-PSO) by performing an evaluative performance of the model through traffic flow modelling of vehicles on five freeways (N1,N3,N12,N14 and N17) using South Africa Transportation System as a case study. Six hundred and fifty (650) traffic data were collected using inductive loop detectors and video cameras from the five freeways. The traffic data used for developing these models comprises traffic volume, traffic density, speed of vehicles, time, and different types of vehicles. The traffic data were divided into 70% and 30% for the training and validation of the model. The model results show a positively correlated optimal performance between the inputs and the output with a regression value R2 of 0.9978 and 0.9860 for the training and testing. The result of this research shows that the soft computing model ANFIS-PSO used in this research can model vehicular traffic flow on freeways. Furthermore, the evidence from this research suggests that the on-peak and off-peak hours are significant determinants of vehicular traffic flow on freeways. The modelling approach developed in this research will assist urban planners in developing practical ways to tackle traffic congestion and assist motorists and pedestrians in travel behaviour decision-making. Finally, the approach used in this study will assist transportation engineers in making constructive and safety dependent guidelines for drivers and pedestrians on freeways.
DES Based Efficient Extraction Method for Bioactive Coumarins from Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav.
Authors: Wang Ting , Li Qian 
Published: December 2021

In this study, a simple and environmentally friendly method was developed for the extraction of seven active coumarins from Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav.(A. dahurica) based on deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Among the 16 kinds of DES based on choline chloride, the DES system with the molar ratio of choline chloride, citric acid, and water as 1:1:2 had the best extraction effect. Ultrasonic-assisted response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the optimal extraction scheme. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were a liquid–solid ratio of 10:1 (mL/g), an extraction time of 50 min, an extraction temperature of 59.85 °C, and a moisture content of 49.28%. Under these conditions, the extraction yield reached 1.18%. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the degree of powder fragmentation before and after extraction with different solvents. The cells of A. dahurica medicinal materials obtained by DES ultrasonic-assisted treatment were the most seriously broken, indicating that DES had the highest efficiency in the treatment of A. dahurica. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) DPPH radical scavenging model was used to evaluate the biological activity of DES extract. The results showed that DES extract had better scavenging ability of DPPH free radical. Therefore, DES is a green solvent suitable for extracting coumarin compounds of A. dahurica, with great potential to replace organic solvents.
La investigación aplicada a la educación técnica y tecnológica superior
Authors: Solórzano Palacios Leicy , Meza Cruz Blanca , Menéndez López Jorge , Aguayo Macías Ángel 
Published: December 2021

En los últimos años se han generado múltiples estudios en torno a la educación técnica y tecnológica a nivel superior. Por ello se asume a la educación técnica, principalmente, como una alternativa a la movilidad laboral de las nuevas generaciones en la medida en que se identifican las necesidades del país, su nivel de productividad y competitividad, para lograr sinergias entre el Estado, el sector real de la economía y la academia, que permitan formar el talento humano con las competencias pertinentes. La ciencia y la tecnología tienen el propósito, por ende, de adquirir un carácter principalmente social para satisfacer las demandas existentes. La educación técnica y tecnológica como alternativa de formación de las actuales generaciones se ha determinado en diversos trabajos; este estudio, en cambio, centra su perspectiva en los procesos investigativos generados a raíz de varias propuestas, principalmente en el orden académico, que se han suscitado en el Instituto Superior Tecnológico Paulo Emilio Macías de la ciudad de Portoviejo, provincia de Manabí, Ecuador. En este contexto, este documento pretende indagar en los procederes investigativos llevados a cabo en esta institución y que constituyen un eje y la columna vertebral de diversos procesos en la educación superior técnica y tecnológica. Tanto docentes como estudiantes se preparan en este desafío que se sintetiza en una educación de calidad para la obtención de las competencias requeridas. El aspecto investigativo ha estado siempre presente por cuanto los institutos tecnológicos superiores cada día tienen el propósito de responder académicamente a las demandas y exigencias de los sectores estratégicos, prioritarios y de servicios públicos esenciales.
La dinámica familiar asociada a conductas de riesgo en adolecentes de las familias de la jurisdicción de Aparicio Pomares. Huánuco, Perú.
Authors: Tamayo García Mónica , Miraval Tarazona Zoila , Mansilla Natividad Peggy , Miraval Tarazona Lincoln , Tamayo Calderón Mariano 
Published: December 2021

En la actualidad, las nuevas ideologías y tecnologías así como de nuevos valores de consumo han trastocando el comportamiento de las generaciones contemporáneas en nuestra sociedad, generando con ello nuevos patrones de conducta en los jóvenes y una nueva organización social, en donde la familia se ve seriamente impactada, en este sentido, si se conjuga familia y adolescencia, estas trasformaciones sociales de la familia pueden potenciar las dificultades propias de este periodo de desarrollo en donde interactúan los cambios biológicos, sociales y psicológicos del adolescente generando así una plataforma de vulnerabilidad que propiciará el desarrollo de conductas de riesgo en el adolescente. Se realizó la investigación con el objetivo de determinar la dinámica familiar asociada a las conductas de riesgo en adolescentes de las familias de la jurisdicción de Aparicio Pomares. El tipo y nivel de investigación fue correlacional, descriptivo, explicativo, analítico, prospectivo y transversal, con una muestra de 258 pobladores, que cumplieron con los criterios de selección, como marco muestral se tuvo los registros de visita domiciliaria de la zona urbana marginal de Aparicio Pomares. Para la recopilación de datos se utilizó el cuestionario y se hizo uso de la encuesta como técnica. Las principales conclusiones fueron que las familias de la jurisdicción de Aparicio Pomares, en su percepción sobre la dinámica familiar consideran definitivamente importante para vivir, es tener una familia unida y creer en Dios, y con respecto a las conductas de riesgo que presentan las familias es que las adolescentes han tenido embarazos no deseados.
Retrospectiva histórica de la educación en Portoviejo.
Authors: Alcívar Intriago Jaime 
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo es una descripción de tipo documentada, que expone a través del ensayo una regresión al origen, principio y desenvolvimiento de la educación en el cantón Portoviejo. Desarrolla en tres grandes momentos históricos, las causalidades y momentos sociales y políticos, que incidieron de forma favorable en el proceso educativo de la ciudad. La revisión bibliográfica coloca y muestra, como aporte cultural, un dato de tipo histórico que se desconocía en la comunidad cultural y académica de la ciudad y esté es, el aparecimiento de la primera escuela en el cantón y sus características en aquella época. El ensayo contempla la descripción de lo ocurrido en el campo educativo, visibilizando hechos ocurridos en los gobiernos de turno que incidieron y que también afectaron en el sistema educativo de Portoviejo.