bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The iconography and circulation of the Atlantic community
Authors: Henrikson Alan K. 
Published: December 2021

Professor Henrikson teaches American diplomatic history , contemporary US-European relations, and a seminar on geography, foreign policy, and world order at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA. During the Spring of 2003 he was Fulbright/Diplomatic Academy Visiting Professor of International Relations at the Diplomatische Akademie in Vienna. His collaboration with the geographer Jean Gottmann began with his participation in the International Political Science Association's Round Table on the "center and periphery" theme in Paris at the Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques in 1978, and his ensuing contribution, "America's changing place in the world," to the volume, Centre and Periphery: Spatial Variation in Politics (1980), edited by Gottmann. He also contributed " 'A small, cozy town, global in scope': Washington, DC," an article for a thematic issue on "capital cities" that Professor Gottmann organized for Ekistics, vol. 50, no. 299 (March/April 1983). The author's present essay is based in part on his chapter, 'The role of metropolitan regions in making a new Atlantic community," in Ever Closer Partnership: Policy-Making in US-EU Relations, ed. Éric Philippart and Pascaline Winand (Brussels, Presses Interuniversitaires Europeenees - Peter Lang, 2001).
The editor's page
Authors: Psomopoulos P. 
Published: December 2021

"For a long time I have considered any opportunity to collaborate with Dr Ingrid Leman Stefanovic a privilege. This time the opportunity was offered by the international Symposion on "The Natural City" sponsored by the University of Toronto and the World Society for Ekistics which took place on the campus of the university and was organized and chaired by her on behalf of both sponsors. I wish to thank her for having accepted to act as guest editor for this volume of Ekistics in spite of her very heavy commitments due to her role as Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Centre for Environment, University of Toronto. I also wish to express my admiration for her inspired and inspiring introductory statement on the concept of the natural city (see pp. 8 and 9).
In this Symposion, an international and interdisciplinary group of approx. 100 experts and a fairly large number of other participants and students held a very intensive three-day program - 4 plenary and 28 special sessions, with several papers and discussions in each (see p. 2) - determined

to challenge the erroneous but still prevailing perception of "human settlements" and "nature" as independent of each other; and,
to stress the need for the general adoption of the integration of these two notions , which is inherent in the approach of both convenors of the Symposion."
Methodology of action
Authors: Doxiadis C. A. 
Published: December 2021

It will be a realistic goal to expect that humanity can achieve the following:

Recognize the content and extent of the problem of human settlements in the 1960s;
Develop proper and accepted systems, theories and solutions in the 1970s;
Experiment in order to test the theories at a proper scale inall types of units, countries and areas in the 1980s and1990s;
Reach the point at which humanity will be in control of the situation of human settlements again by the turn of the century.
A Analisis Penerapan E-Filling Dimasa Pandemi Covid 19 Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi
Authors: Amrul Rusli 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research is to determine the application of e-filling during the pandemic in increasing individual taxpayer compliance in submitting annual tax. The data analysis technique used in this study is a qualitative descriptive analysis method, namely by collecting data, processing data, analyzing data, conclude and providing interpretation. The results of the study are Tax Service Office in West Mataram in implementing e-filling during the covid 19 pandemic has been in accordance with the procedures based on tax laws and regulations on tax administration. The implementation of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic is one of the obstacles in disseminating the form of tax annual reports to taxpayers through e-filling. The compliance of individual taxpayers during the COVID-19 pandemic in reporting annual tax through e-filing is more constrained because individual taxpayers mostly report annual tax at the end of the reporting deadline, not all taxpayers understand technology such as computers, internet access and email, lack of knowledge of individual taxpayers in filling out annual tax report online so that there are many errors in filling out annual tax report. The network system on the website of the Directorate General of Taxes is often disrupted due to too many individual taxpayers accessing the website in the month of the annual tax report.
Effects of soil temperature and certain weather parameters on the growth and yield of ragi (Eleusine Coracana)
Authors: MATHAN K. K. 
Published: December 2021

The influence of soil temperature, air temperature and sunshine hours on the growth and yield of ragi (Eleusine coracana, Geartner) (Var. CO II) was evaluated. The results of analysis indicated that soil temperature at crop growth and flowering stages significantly influenced the yield of grain and straw of ragi, the best fit being at 15 cm depth, Soil temperature at 30 cm depth was higher than the mean air temperature.
Accumulated heat units correlated positively with grain and straw of ragi. Sunshine hours also correlated positively with yield of grain and straw.
TOWARDS A NEW SOLAS CONVENTION: A TRANSFORMA TION OF THE SHIP SAFETY REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
Authors: Nunez Sanchez M J 
Published: December 2021

I congratulate the author of the article with his successful publication. The necessity to change the SOLAS is timely. Suggestions concerning simplifications in the application of the Convention, the use of more simple methods and delegation of greater freedom of choice for ship owners and designers have the right.
In my opinion, the increasing use of probabilistic methods in the rules of the Convention is not always justified. For example, the Graph - analytical method that has been used previously to assess the unsinkable ship, gives the designer more opportunity than the current Probabilistic standard.
Electricity Storage in Local Energy Systems
Authors: Seward William , Hua Weiqi , Qadrdan Meysam 
Published: December 2021

Traditionally, power system operation has relied on supply side flexibility from large fossil-based generation plants to managed swings in supply and/or demand. An increase in variable renewable generation has increased curtailment of renewable electricity and variations in electricity prices. Consumers can take advantage of volatile electricity prices and reduce their bills using electricity storage. With reduced fossil-based power generation, traditional methods for balancing supply and demand must change. Electricity storage offers an alternative to fossil-based flexibility, with an increase expected to support high levels of renewable generation. Electrochemical storage is a promising technology for local energy systems. In particular, lithium-ion batteries due to their high energy density and high efficiency. However, despite their 89% decrease in capital cost over the last 10 years, lithium-ion batteries are still relatively expensive. Local energy systems with battery storage can use their battery for different purposes such as maximising their self-consumption, minimising their operating cost through energy arbitrage which is storing energy when the electricity price is low and releasing the energy when the price increases, and increasing their revenue by providing flexibility services to the utility grid. Power rating and energy capacity are vitally important in the design of an electricity storage system. A case study is given for the purpose of providing a repeatable methodology for optimally sizing of a battery storage system for a local energy system. The methodology can be adapted to include any local energy system generation or demand profile.
Marine soundscape and fish biophony of a Mediterranean marine protected area
Authors: La Manna Gabriella , Picciulin Marta , Crobu Alessia , Perretti Francesco , Ronchetti Fabio , Manghi Michele , Ruiu Alberto , Ceccherelli Giulia 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundMarine soundscape is the aggregation of sound sources known as geophony, biophony, and anthrophony. The soundscape analysis, in terms of collection and analysis of acoustic signals, has been proposed as a tool to evaluate the specific features of ecological assemblages and to estimate their acoustic variability over space and time. This study aimed to characterise the Capo Caccia-Isola Piana Marine Protected Area (Italy, Western Mediterranean Sea) soundscape over short temporal (few days) and spatial scales (few km) and to quantify the main anthropogenic and biological components, with a focus on fish biophonies.MethodsWithin the MPA, three sites were chosen each in a different protection zone (A for the integral protection, B as the partial protection, and C as the general protection). In each site, two underwater autonomous acoustic recorders were deployed in July 2020 at a depth of about 10 m on rocky bottoms. To characterise the contribution of both biophonies and anthrophonies, sea ambient noise (SAN) levels were measured as sound pressure level (SPL dB re: 1 μ Pa-rms) at eight 1/3 octave bands, centred from 125 Hz to 16 kHz, and biological and anthropogenic sounds were noted. Fish sounds were classified and counted following a catalogue of known fish sounds from the Mediterranean Sea based on the acoustic characteristic of sound types. A contemporary fish visual census had been carried out at the test sites.ResultsSPL were different by site, time (dayvs. night), and hour. SPLs bands centred at 125, 250, and 500 Hz were significantly higher in the daytime, due to the high number of boats per minute whose noise dominated the soundscapes. The loudest man-made noise was found in the A zone, followed by the B and the C zone, confirming that MPA current regulations do not provide protection from acoustic pollution. The dominant biological components of the MPA soundscape were the impulsive sounds generated by some invertebrates, snapping shrimps and fish. The vast majority of fish sounds were recorded at the MPA site characterized by the highest sound richness, abundance, and Shannon-Wiener index, coherently with the results of a fish visual census. Moreover, the acoustic monitoring detected a sound associated with a cryptic species (Ophidionspp.) never reported in the study area before, further demonstrating the usefulness of passive acoustic monitoring as a complementary technique to species census. This study provides baseline data to detect future changes of the marine soundscapes and some suggestions to reduce the impact of noise on marine biodiversity.
Polio Vaccination and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Smith Andrew P. , Thomas Marie 
Published: December 2021

Background: Previous research has suggested that enteroviruses may be implicated in the development and persistence of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). One method of investigating this topic has been to use a polio vaccination challenge, and a previous study showed that CFS patients had more shedding than healthy controls. There was no effect of the vaccination on the clinical condition or wellbeing of the CFS patients.
Methods: In the previous study, the control group were more likely to have had a recent booster vaccination. This was controlled in the present study, where 18 CFS patients were randomly assigned to vaccination or placebo conditions. Nine healthy volunteers were also given the polio vaccination.
Results: The results confirmed that vaccination had no negative effects on the CFS group. Although there was more virus shedding in the CFS polio group than in the control polio group, this difference was not significant.
Conclusion: This study confirms that polio vaccination is not contraindicated in CFS patients but could not confirm that they are more susceptible to enterovirus infection.
Alternative Approaches for Rheumatoid Arthritis Management: Future Perspective, Herbal, Dietary, Lifestyle, Psychological, Nutritional Intervention and Healthcare
Authors: Gupta Reena , Gupta Jitendra , Kumar Dhruv 
Published: December 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease autoimmune disorder that develops when our immune system attacks the tissues near joints due to the release of chemicals and enzymes. Although the exact pathogenesis of the disease has yet to be determined, studies indicate that cellular proliferation of synoviocytes results in pannus formation, which damages cartilages and bones. Recent research also supports the role of free radicals in the disease's pathogenesis. For rheumatoid arthritis treatment, a variety of anti-inflammatory and other types of drugs are available. However, long-term use of such types of pharmacological drugs is associated with serious side effects. As a result, herbal remedies, lifestyle, nutritional, probiotics, dietary and psychological interventions provide a rich source of anti-arthritic agents along with management of rheumatoid arthritis. This review focused on pathogenesis, treatments approaches for RA, mechanism of action, patents of marketed products. Tailored made approaches for arthritis management helps the scientists and researchers for finding newer leads, promotes growth and development of herbal industries, significantly improving health.
Diagnosis and Management of Surgical Site Infections: Narrative Review
Authors: Alsharari Abdulrahman Zaki Mutyi , Alruwaili Wadad Mtharad A. , Saba Hanan Essam M. , Alanazi Nujud Menwer R. , Alkhaldi Afkar Bader M. , Alruwaili Mariyah Mohammed M. , Alhumud Maryam Bakr H. , Alfaleh Lubna Abdulrazaq Z. , Bakri Farah Faisal R. , Alsharari Shaima Naif M. , Alhajouj Ahmed Musleh H. 
Published: December 2021

Infection of the wound after surgery is a regular occurrence. Wound infection is a complicated process that involves a molecular interplay between numerous biological processes. Wound infections are associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Surgical site infections are a common surgical complication that affects approximately 3%-6% of all surgical procedures according to different studies. Surgical site infections (SSIs) cause negative consequences in patients, such as prolonged hospitalization and mortality. Each incision causes wound contamination, however there are established techniques to reduce the incidence of SSI. Improved adherence to evidence-based preventative strategies such as adequate antibiotic prophylaxis, in particular, can help to reduce the rate of SSI. The sort of procedure used determines the correct diagnosis of SSI. Early detection, on the other hand, is critical for good management of all surgical operations. Consistent antibiotic therapy, wound drainage, and, if necessary, vigorous wound debridement are all part of the treatment for SSI. Following that, wound management is determined by the location and nature of the infection.
This study aims to: Diagnosis and Management of Surgical Site Infections. In this review we will be looking at surgical site infections epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and management.
A Functional and Radiological Outcome Analysis of Hip Forage Procedure, done for Early Stages(Ficat and Arlet Grade 1 and 2A) of Avascular Necrosis of Head of Femur
Authors: Padmawar Shubham , Landge Dr. Suhas , Upadhyay Prateek , Madhusmita Mitali 
Published: December 2021

Background: Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a severe disease and causes osteoarthritis of the hip joint in young adults. Early diagnosis leads to better prognosis and therapeutic success.
Aim: To study pain, radiological outcome & functional outcome post hip forage procedure in patients of avascular necrosis of head of femur (Ficat and Arlet grade 1 and grade 2A).
Study Design: This was a prospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Nerul, Navi Mumbai over a period of 2 years from 2015 to 2017
Methodology: We included 50 patients (39 males, 11 females) with Avascular necrosis of unilateral or bilateral head of femur (Grade 1 and Grade 2A), clinical, radiological and functional(with the help of Harris hip score) examination was done at 6 months and 12 months follow up post operatively.
Results: Out of the 50 patients, pre-peratively, 60% reported moderate pain, 20% mild pain and 20% severe pain. At follow-up, 36% patients reported slight pain, 26% mild pain, 26% moderate pain, 8% marked pain, and no pain was reported by 4% patients. Pre-operatively, no limp was seen in 34% patients, while 66% patient had a limp. At follow-up, 70% patient had a limp and no limp in 30% patients. Before surgery, support (cane use) was required by 6% patients, while at follow-up, support was noted by 12% patients. Preoperative mean Harris Hip Score was 63.6, while that at follow-up it was 74.74. Radiological worsening of the disease occurred only in 38% of the patients which suggests that disease progression was delayed in most patients(62%). 2% patients had a complication of foot drop.
Conclusion: Avascular necrosis of femoral head is more common in young males. Core decompression by multiple drilling and/or core decompression with fibular strut grafting are equally effective in pre collapse stages (stage 1 and stage 2A) with better functional and radiological outcomes and hence these procedures can play a vital role in delaying the disease progression.
REPRESENTAÇÃO DESCRITIVA E REPRESENTAÇÃO TEMÁTICA NA ARQUIVOLOGIA
Authors: Davanzo Luciana , De Carvalho Pazin Vitoriano Marcia Cristina , Moreira Walter 
Published: December 2021

Diante de um cenário de ampliação da produção e da circulação da informação, em virtude das transformações ocasionadas pelas tecnologias digitais, o artigo discute como os processos de representação da informação podem auxiliar a Arquivologia a melhorar a organização e a recuperação da informação. Sendo assim, a problemática da pesquisa pode ser formulada na seguinte questão: como a padronização terminológica tem afetado os processos de representação da informação na Arquivologia? Acredita-se que a partir do uso de um instrumento que colabore com questões relacionadas ao controle e à padronização terminológica, a Arquivologia pode melhorar de maneira significativa o tratamento da informação produzida e acumulada pelas organizações. O objetivo geral da pesquisa consiste em identificar quais pesquisas foram desenvolvidas de forma que abordassem os usos dos vocabulários controlados na Arquivologia, para que a partir de tais estudos, seja possível compreender como [e se] a Arquivologia tem feito uso desse instrumento com vistas a melhorar o processo de organização, representação e recuperação da informação orgânica presente nos arquivos. Como procedimentos metodológicos, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, de natureza exploratória, na Base de Dados Referencial de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação (BRAPCI), com vistas a identificar trabalhos que tratem sobre uso dos vocabulários controlados na Arquivologia. Para a composição do corpus documental foram utilizados os seguintes termos, como estratégia de busca: “Arquivologia”, “Representação Descritiva”, “Representação Temática” e “Vocabulário Controlado”. Como resultados, a pesquisa demonstra que, embora os vocabulários controlados contribuam com o tratamento da informação, principalmente porque atuam no controle e padronização terminológica, ainda existe certo distanciamento do tema na literatura arquivística, sendo poucos os trabalhos recuperados.
Photothermal Responsive Microspheres‐Triggered Separable Microneedles for Versatile Drug Delivery
Authors: Fan Lu , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Nie Min , Xu Ye , Wang Yuetong , Shang Luoran , Zhao Yongxiang , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicroneedle (MN) patches are promising stratagems for transdermal drug delivery owing to its minimal invasiveness and portability. Particularly, separable MN patches attract more attention for durable and long‐term drug delivery. Here, a new strategy for designing controllably separable MN patches by integrating photothermal responsive phase‐changing microspheres (MPs) into conical hydrogel MNs, is presented. Such MPs consist of near‐infrared (NIR)‐responsive black‐phosphorus (BP) and phase‐changing gelatin (GT), and are fabricated using a simple capillary microfluidic device. When the composite MN patch is exposed to NIR, the contained BP/GT MPs can transform light into heat, increase local temperature, turn into a liquid state, and form cavities in MNs, resulting in the convenient detachment of the backing plate and the needles by shear force. Subsequently, the embedded needles can sustainably release the drug. In addition to intelligently controlling the detachment of MNs, the BP/GT MPs can load macromolecular drugs and release them in response to NIR stimulation. Results further demonstrated that such controllably separable MN patch can effectively load and release two drugs to ameliorate disease progression for systemic lupus erythematosus treatment. These features indicate the practical values of controllably separable MN patches for versatile drug delivery and clinical applications.
Fluorination‐Enhanced Surface Stability of Disordered Rocksalt Cathodes
Authors: Li Linze , Ahn Juhyeon , Yue Yuan , Tong Wei , Chen Guoying , Wang Chongmin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCation‐disordered rocksalt (DRX) oxides are a promising new class of high‐energy‐density cathode materials for next‐generation Li‐ion batteries. However, their capacity fade presents a major challenge. Partial fluorine (F) substitution into the oxygen (O) lattice appears to be an effective strategy for improving the cycling stability, but the underlying atomistic mechanism remains elusive. Here, using a combination of advanced transmission electron microscopy based imaging and spectroscopy techniques, the structural and chemical evolution upon cycling of Mn‐based DRX cathodes with an increasing F content (Li–Mn–Nb–O–Fx, x = 0, 0.05, 0.2) are probed. The atomic origin behind the beneficial effect of high‐level fluorination for enhancing the surface stability of the DRX is revealed. It is discovered that, due to the reduced O redox activity while with increasing F concentration, F in the DRX lattice mitigates the formation of an O‐deficient surface layer upon cycling. For low F‐substituted DRX, the O loss near the surface results in the formation of an amorphous cathode–electrolyte interphase layer and nanoscale voids after extended cycling. Increased F concentration in the DRX lattice minimizes both O loss and the interfacial reactions between DRX and the liquid electrolyte, enhancing the surface stability of DRX. These results provide guidance on the development of next‐generation cathode materials through anion substitution.